bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of the cDNA and purification of P0 ribosomal protein from Lupinus luteus
Authors: Mikolajczyk Katarzyna , Barciszewski Jan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEukaryotic ribosomal protein P0 is localized on the large ribosomal subunit at the base of the specific “stalk” structure, close to the central protuberance. Recently we have obtained a clone coding for P0 ribosomal protein from L.luteus (yellow lupin) cDNA library. Here we present its expression in E.coli cells and purification of the target protein.
Induction of fructose 1,6‐bisphosphatase in HL‐60 leukemia cells by retinoic acid
Authors: Mizunuma Hideo , Tashima Yohtalou 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe expression of the fructose 1,6‐bisphosphatase gene in HL‐60 cells was induced by retinoic acid. The levels of mRNA, enzyme activity and enzyme protein in the cell line began to rapidly increase after culturing with retinoic acid for 72 h. Retinoic acid dosedependently increased the enzyme activity with maximal stimulation at 1 μM. The responses of the fructose 1,6‐bisphosphatase gene expression by retinoic acid were markedly slower than those of the enzyme expression by 1α,25‐ dihydroxyvitamin D3. When HL‐60 cells were cultured in the presence of both retinoic acid and 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3, the effects of the two agents on enzyme activity, protein and mRNA were additive.
Characterization of mouse ubiquitin‐like SMT3A and SMT3B cNDAS and gene/pseudogenes
Authors: Chen Angela , Mannen Hideyuki , Li Steven S. ‐L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMouse SMT3A and SMT3B cDNAs encoding ubiquitin‐like proteins of 110 and 95 amino acids, respectively, were isolated and sequenced. The sequence of the first 92 amino acids (ending with the conserved Gly‐Gly) of mouse SMT3A exhibited two differences at amino acid no. 38 and 76 in comparison with that of human SMT3A. The C‐terminal 18 amino acid sequence of mouse SMT3A was completely different The nucleotide sequences have been deposited in the GenBank database (SMT3A cDNA, AF063847; SMT3A‐pg1 pseudogene, AF063846; SMT3B cDNA, L79948; SMT3B‐pg1, AF067824; SMT3B‐pg2, AF067825; SMT3B‐pg3, AF067826).
In vitro transcription assay with the purified 40kDa NF1‐like protein binding to the rat p53 promoter
Authors: Lee Minhyung , Song Haisun , Lee Kyunghee , Park Jong‐sang 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe rat p53 promoter has several potential transcription factor‐recognition motifs. They inculde NF1‐like, bHLH family, and AP1‐like proteins binding sites. The binding protein to NF1‐like motif was previously identified. The protein has about 40kDa of molecular mass, which is smaller than that of NF1. Anti‐NF1 polyclonal antibody does not recognize the protein. In this study, we isolated the 40kDa protein by sequence‐specific DNA affinity chromatography. The isloated protein was assayed by DNase I footprinting analysis. To determine the transactivation effect of the protein, in vitro transcription with the purified 40kDa protein was carried out. After the addition of the purified 40kDa protein into the transcription reaction mixture, the transcription level of the p53 promoter was increased. This suggests that the 40 kDa NF1‐like protein is a transcription activator for the rat p53 gene.
Sphingomyelinase Activity of Livers from Control and NCTR‐BALB/c Mice
Authors: Bhuvaneswaran Chidambaram , Morris Manford D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNCTR‐BALB/c mice have an autosomal recessive disorder involving storage of sphingomyelin and unesterified cholesterol in their tissues and reduced tissue sphingomyelinase activity. With [N‐methyl‐14C]sphingomyelin as substrate, Vmax for the enzyme in livers from control and mutant mice were, respectively, 29.6 and 11.6 nmol of substrate hydrolyzed h‐1 mg‐1 protein, and the corresponding K values were 94.6 and 132.3 mu M. The control and m mutant enzymes showed similar pH profiles and temperature sensitivities. When the control and mutant liver homogenates were mixed in various proportions, the resulting activities were 70 80% of the theoretical values. Cross and straight addition of total lipid extracts ofcontrol and mutant livers had minimal effect on their enzyme activities. The results suggest that the reduced sphingomyelinase activity of mutant liver is not due to the presence of inhibitors or absence of activators in this tissue.
Insulin‐Induced Oxidative Neuronal Injury in Cortical Culture: Mediation by Induced N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartate Receptors
Authors: Noh Kyung‐Min , Lee Jong‐Cheol , Ahn Young‐Ho , Hong Seung Hwan , Koh Jae‐Young 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWhile effectively attenuating neuronal apoptosis in mouse cortical culture, insulin paradoxically induced neuronal necrosis with 48 h of exposure. The insulin neurotoxicity was blocked by an antioxidant but not by caspase inhibitors. Exposure to insulin led to tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and the insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) receptor and activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3‐kinase). Inhibitors of tyrosine kinase and PKC, but not PI3‐kinase, attenuated the insulin neurotoxicity. Conversely, the inhibitor of PI3‐kinase but not PKC reversed the antiapoptotic effect of insulin. Suggesting that the gene activity‐dependent emergence of excitotoxicity contributed to insulin neurotoxicity, macromolecule synthesis inhibitors and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) antagonists blocked it. Consistently, exposure to insulin increased the level of the NR2A subunit of the NMDA receptor without much altering NR1 or NR2B levels. The present study suggests that insulin can be both neuroprotective and neurotoxic in the same cell system but by way of different signaling cascades.
Use of Chimeric Forms of Neuronal Nitric‐Oxide Synthase as Dominant Negative Mutants
Authors: Phung Yume T. , Black Stephen M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBecause the functional form of neuronal nitric‐oxide synthase (nNOS) is a homodimer, we investigated whether we could disrupt dimer formation with inactive nNOS chimeras acting as dominant negative mutants. To test this hypothesis, we either expressed the heme and reductase regions of rat nNOS as single domains or produced fusion proteins between the rat nNOS heme domain and various other electron‐shuttling proteins. A dominant negative potential of these constructs was demonstrated by their ability to reduce NOS activity when transfected into a cell line stably expressing rat nNOS. In the presence of these nNOS mutant proteins, cellular levels of inactive nNOS monomers were significantly increased, indicating that their mechanism of action is through the disruption of nNOS dimer formation. These dominant negative mutants should prove valuable in analyzing the role of nNOS in biological systems.
Exploring the development of supply chain international joint ventures
Authors: Tokman Mert , Banu Elmadag Ayse , Uray Nimet , Glenn Richey R. 
Published: July 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically explore how prior exchange relationships may impact a local firm's decision to participate in a supply chain international joint venture (SC‐IJV).Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory study of the influence of prior working relationships using a sample of 32 US and European‐based SC‐IJVs. First, a cluster method was used to determine the two categories of local firms' motivation to form SC‐IJVs with foreign partners. Next, a discriminant analysis revealed the differences between the two categories in terms of the emphasis put on prior exchange relationships when forming SC‐IJVs.FindingsResults confirm two major types of motivations for a local firm to participate in a SC‐IJV: exploration and exploitation. Moreover, the motivation types are varied in terms of the emphasis placed on a prior working relationship with the SC‐IJV partner. While exploitation‐oriented firms consulted a previous working relationship experience before forming a supply chain IJV, exploration‐oriented firms did not.Originality/valueThis study shows that Eastern European firms can be separated into two categories in terms of SC‐IJV goals: those focused on learning (exploration) and those focused on strategic behavior (exploitation). Second, the study shows that the firms favoring exploitation prefer a past working relationship with the potential partner, while those favoring exploration did not. The study is exploratory in nature, but provides a solid platform on which to base future research.
Values‐based service quality for sustainable business
Authors: Enquist Bo , Edvardsson Bo , Petros Sebhatu Samuel 
Published: July 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to present a model for values‐based sustainable service business grounded in the concept of values‐based service quality.Design/methodology/approachBased on a literature review and interpretations of five narratives from a values‐driven company, IKEA, the paper proposes a model of values‐based service quality for sustainable service business.FindingsThe study distinguishes four dimensions of values‐based service quality and five dimensions of sustainability. These are all incorporated in the proposed model.Originality/valueThis is a fundamental study of the role of values‐based service quality in creating sustainable service business based on value‐in‐use for customers and the desirable values of corporate culture with which products and services are associated.
Temperature-Dependent Kinetic Model for Nitrogen-Limited Wine Fermentations
Authors: Coleman Matthew C. , Fish Russell , Block David E. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTA physical and mathematical model for wine fermentation kinetics was adapted to include the influence of temperature, perhaps the most critical factor influencing fermentation kinetics. The model was based on flask-scale white wine fermentations at different temperatures (11 to 35°C) and different initial concentrations of sugar (265 to 300 g/liter) and nitrogen (70 to 350 mg N/liter). The results show that fermentation temperature and inadequate levels of nitrogen will cause stuck or sluggish fermentations. Model parameters representing cell growth rate, sugar utilization rate, and the inactivation rate of cells in the presence of ethanol are highly temperature dependent. All other variables (yield coefficient of cell mass to utilized nitrogen, yield coefficient of ethanol to utilized sugar, Monod constant for nitrogen-limited growth, and Michaelis-Menten-type constant for sugar transport) were determined to vary insignificantly with temperature. The resulting mathematical model accurately predicts the observed wine fermentation kinetics with respect to different temperatures and different initial conditions, including data from fermentations not used for model development. This is the first wine fermentation model that accurately predicts a transition from sluggish to normal to stuck fermentations as temperature increases from 11 to 35°C. Furthermore, this comprehensive model provides insight into combined effects of time, temperature, and ethanol concentration on yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) activity and physiology.
The use of fluorescence enhancement to improve the microscopic diagnosis of falciparum malaria
Authors: Guy Rebecca , Liu Paul , Pennefather Peter , Crandall Ian 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
Giemsa staining of thick blood smears remains the "gold standard" for detecting malaria. However, this method is not very good for diagnosing low-level infections. A method for the simultaneous staining of Plasmodium-parasitized culture and blood smears for both bright field and fluorescence was developed and its ability to improve detection efficiency tested.

Methods
A total of 22 nucleic acid-specific fluorescent dyes were tested for their ability to provide easily observable staining of Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized red blood cells following Giemsa staining.

Results
Of the 14 dyes that demonstrated intense fluorescence staining, only SYBR Green 1, YOYO-1 and ethidum homodimer-2 could be detected using fluorescent microscopy, when cells were first stained with Giemsa. Giemsa staining was not effective when applied after the fluorescent dyes. SYBR Green 1 provided the best staining in the presence of Giemsa, as a very high percentage of the parasitized cells were simultaneously stained. When blood films were screened using fluorescence microscopy the parasites were more readily detectable due to the sharp contrast between the dark background and the specific, bright fluorescence produced by the parasites.

Conclusion
The dual staining method reported here allows fluorescence staining, which enhances the reader's ability to detect parasites under low parasitaemia conditions, coupled with the ability to examine the same cell under bright field conditions to detect the characteristic morphology of Plasmodium species that is observed with Giemsa staining.
A model of an average recession and recovery
Authors: McLaughlin Robert L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes an Average Recession/Recovery Model (ARRM). It discusses the reasons why such a model is needed and how it can be developed. Major utilities of the model are (1) it is an extremely simple way to display complex forecasts to management graphically, (2) it can be applied to a single time series–with monthly or quarterly data–and is applicable to a large proportion of time series, both macro and micro, (3) it is easy to calculate, to understand, to program and to communicate with it and (4) it employs widely accepted statistical and economic methods.
The political process of decentralization in Peru, 1985–1990
Authors: Kim Sung Han 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper, using Peru as a case study, argues that the most potent factor in the implementation of decentralization in developing countries is ‘political’ in nature and operation. The legislative process of decentralization under President Alan García's regime went through three major steps, controlled by his party, APRA (Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana,): (1) The 1986 Bill of the Basic Law of Regionalization; (2) The 1987 Basic Law of Regionalization; and (3) The 1988 Modified Law of Regionalization. Why did Alan García push for decentralization, unlike his predecessors? The 1985 elections produced García, a populist demagogue, and a loose political party system dominated by APRA. However, the legislation of decentralization was possible paradoxically because García, who was desperately looking for a political issue to distract people's minds from his misgovernment, needed to control APRA for a regional power base after 1990. Thus, the whole decentralization process was highly politicized, and García's strategy was ‘successful’ in that regional governments came to be controlled by APRA after the 1989 and 1990 regional elections. The Peruvian case shows how far decentralization can be used for personalistic or partisan interests in a fragile democracy.
The role of the public sector in introducing operations research/management science within developing countries
Authors: Papageorgiou John C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article examines the role the public sector has played in introducing operations research/ management science (OR/MS) in developing countries. To this end, some of the difficulties in applying OR/MS within the environment of a developing country in general, and within their public sector in particular, are briefly discussed, and the first applications of OR/MS in some such countries are reviewed. In spite of the fact that the application of OR/MS in the public sector is generally more difficult than that in the private sector, it is shown that OR/MS has, in most cases, entered countries through the public sector. Possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed and an assessment of the contribution of OR/MS to public sector decision‐making is made.
Compositeness Conditions for Particle Poles in Partial Wave Scattering Amplitudes I
Authors: Kaschluhn F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCompositeness conditions for particle poles in partial wave scattering amplitudes are studied with particular regard to various dynamical limits connected with a continuous transition from elementary to composite particles. The first part is concerned mainly with some simple, but non‐trivial models whereas in the second part the present considerations are generalized and also the question of analytic continuation in the angular momentum and the manychannel case is treated.
The Maxwell Group and the Quantum Theory of Particles in Classical Homogeneous Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Schrader Robert 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCovariant solutions of the Dirac (and Klein‐Gordon) equation in a homogeneous classical electromagnetic field are constructed. This is done using the symmetry group of the equation, the Maxwell group. These covariant solutions are obtained starting from solutions in the frame where the electromagnetic field is described by a magnetic field pointing in the 3‐direction and then using the theory of induced representations.
Dual Amplitudes with Mandelstam Analyticity
Authors: Bugrij A. I. , Cohen‐Tannoudji G. , Jenkovszky L. L. , Kobylinsky N. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA class of dual amplitudes with Mandelstam analyticity (DAMA) is studied. A detail analysis of the analytic and asymptotic properties of the amplitudes in the complex s and t plane is carried out. The role of the amplitudes for the construction of an analytic S‐matrix theory is discussed. Applications to physical processes are also presented.
Reliability behaviour of electronic components as a function of time
Authors: Campbell D. S. , Hayes J. A. , Jones J. A. , Schwarzenberger A. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractConsiderable attention has been paid recently to the behaviour of the hazard rate function h(t) as a function of time. This discussion has led to a lot of speculation as to the shape of the traditional ‘bathtub’ curve showing failure or hazard rate as a function of time. Studies at the International Electronics Reliability Institute (IERI) at Loughborough University of Technology, in the United Kingdom, have recently been examining in detail the database created from field failure returns on a wide spectrum of electronic components. These components are in equipment subject to a spread of environmental conditions. The database created has been exercised with particular reference to the behaviour of MOS Ics, rectangular connectors, bipolar transistors and pn‐junction diodes. Data has been analysed using pooled information from a wide variety of sources and also from two specific environmental conditions, ground benign and ground mobile.The results of this analysis are presented and the failure intensities as a function of time are given at 1000 hour intervals up to a total time of 21,000 hours. Confidence limits at the 95 per cent X2 level are also given. The results show a rapidly falling failure intensity for the first few thousand hours and after this time the failure intensity appears to be relatively constant given the accuracy obtainable with the data available.
The Japanese point of view on the ISO 9000 standards
Authors: Kume Hitoshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOn the whole, Japanese quality management sits rather uneasily with a certification system based on ISO standards. This is because, whereas the certification system is constructed from the purchaser's standpoint, the main stream of Japanese quality activities is from the supplier's standpoint. However, the ISO system has many advantages also for suppliers, and reassessing Japanese quality management in comparison with ISO standards and reconstructing it on the firm foundation which these standards provide, Japanese quality management will be raised to even higher levels internationally.
Low frequency noise and reliability analysis of avalanche photodiodes
Authors: Jones B. K. , Kozlowski D. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNon‐destructive electrical and optical analysis of discrete electronic components can both reveal the details of the operating mechanisms and indicate comparative quality and hence imply reliability. The measurement of low frequency noise as a method of grading quality has been found to differentiate between samples of avalanche photodiodes, and there exists a clear correlation with the subsequent findings of a conventional destructive accelerated life‐test.
A reduced sampling approach for reliability verification
Authors: Allmen Charles R. , Lu Ming‐Wei 
Published: July 2007

AbstractReliability demonstration tests frequently require large sample sizes which are objectionable from both a cost and time standpoint. The approach presented, referred to as bias sampling, offers a means to demonstrate conformance to reliability objectives with reduced test samples and test time. The reduction is achieved by selection and test of samples from the lower‐median sub‐population of a random sample. The prediction assumes that the entire population of samples was tested. Rationale for the approach is presented along with guidelines for sample selection. Two application examples illustrate how the methodology is being employed at Chrysler Corporation.
Robust design of a polysilicon deposition process using split‐plot analysis
Authors: Cantell Brenda S. , Ramírez José G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe technique used for the analysis of experimental data must be appropriate for the design and treatment structures of the experiment; failure to take this into account can produce misleading results. This paper illustrates how split‐plot designs can be used for the analysis of robust design experiments. In particular, the polysilicon deposition process data presented by Phadke1 is analysed, and comparisons are made between the split‐plot analysis of the raw data and the analysis conducted using signal‐to‐noise ratios. In addition, we demonstrate how the split‐plot analysis provides information about interactions between control and noise factors, and how interaction plots can be used to assess the performance of the control factors across the levels of the noise factors. This information is particularly important to select the settings of the control factors that minimize the variation in the response induced by the noise factors.
A CDM‐only reproducible field degradation and its reliability aspect
Authors: Gieser H. A. , Egger P. , Reiner J. C. , Herrmann M. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSimulated electrostatic discharges (ESD) according to the human body model (HBM) and the charged device model (CDM) were compared in their ability to reproduce a leakage degradation observed in the field. Only CDM successfully reproduced the electrical and the physical failure signature in the input inverter of the active circuitry. A home‐built CDM tester was used to degrade a significant number of input pins for a reliability or latency study. An experimental investigation of the impact of this degradation on reliability showed that the degraded devices are latently damaged. They have input leakage currents still within specification, but show a highly increased sensitivity to electrical overstress and to ESD stress according to the human body model with a 100 per cent correlation to the CDM degradation. A standard burn‐in test showed that they can cause early failures. The degradation is caused by a damage in the gate oxide of an input transistor, and the latent failure is caused by a ‘breakdown’ of the damaged oxide. Latency was shown to appear systematically.