bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability of agribusiness institutions (case study on horticultural agribusiness farmer groups in Bantaeng Regency)
Authors: Akbar  , Jumiati  , Rumallang A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Institutional has become very valuable in the implementation of sustainable agricultural development. The main objective of this study was to examine the dynamics of the system and the strategy of institutional sustainability of farmer groups in horticultural agribusiness in Bantaeng. Then, the collected data were processed and analyzed using qualitative descriptive with Brinkerhoff institutional sustainability analysis approach. The results showed that the dynamics of the system in changing inputs through the process to produce outputs consistently improved over time conditioning the institutional sustainability of farmer groups in the development of horticultural agribusiness in supporting sustainable agriculture. The contingency power of farmer groups is determined by their ability to respond to the dynamics of the work environment, as well as the political-economic environment through a combination of strategies, both mechanical, adaptive, reactive, and interactive carried out simultaneously or partially to achieve its sustainability level. The effectiveness of institutional sustainability strategies to support system capacity in improving farmer group performance, is indicated by its ability: (1) Creating competitiveness by maintaining product quality; (2) Handling and utilizing waste through innovation and development of product diversification so as to increase income, value added and environmentally friendly; and (3) Creating satisfaction for consumers.
ICT-based agricultural extension literacy and the needs for agriculture development and sustainability: a case study of rice farmer in Aceh
Authors: Zikri I , Firda I , Hamid A H , Susanti E 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the current era of technological development, agricultural extension considers as one of the determinant factors for the smoothness and success of agriculture development and sustainability. This study aims to determine the literacy and the needs of lowland rice farmers towards agricultural extension using social media and its contributing factors. The study employs a questionnaire survey using simple random sampling of 48 farmers located in Kecamatan Delima, Pidie –one of the central paddy fields in the region. Data analysis used a descriptive approach and binary logistic regression analysis. The study finds that almost half of respondents had a high literacy, while 29.5 percent were moderate, and only 12.5 percent were low. Related to needs, about two-thirds of respondents stated the urgency of interest and need of using ICT-based media as a means for outreach as a medium of information, training, and satisfaction. Statistically, access to information and farmer age affect the need for information and satisfaction, while educational attributes influence the need for training. The employment of the current and latest technological media as a learning tool and diffusion of innovation is necessary for estimable and admirable alternative changing behavior in agricultural development.
Estimation of agricultural productivity loss due to soil loss in Buayan-Malungon River Basin, Philippines: A foundation for watershed protection and agricultural development
Authors: Mag-Aso J R , Vista A B , Garcia F G N 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Buayan-Malungon River Basin (BMRB) is currently experiencing intolerable soil loss due to improper agricultural practices, and unsustainable land uses. This problem disrupts important ecosystem services such as provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting. This article provides an estimate of the agricultural crop productivity losses due to soil loss. The study estimates productivity losses through regression analysis by using nitrogen (N) fertilizer as a proxy for soil quality. The result revealed that N-fertilizer had a significant effect on corn yield. The predicted soil loss in BMRB in 2020 reached 41,308 tons/ha. Hence, the total soil loss cost in the river basin reached PhP 218,023,624 in 2020. This cost can be minimized if farmers practice a contour farming system as it helps to improve soil quality and control soil loss, which leads to sustainable farming and environmental sustainability.
The role of village owned enterprises in the development and sustainability of the agrotourism sector (A case study of agrotourism in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java)
Authors: Lestari E , Rusdiyana E , Sugihardjo  , Setyowati R , Widiyanto  , Santoso I S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Playing an important role in lifting the agricultural sector, agrotourism increases farmers’ income. Group involvement is required in this activity, particularly in its management such as Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). This study aims to determine the role of BUMDes in the development of agrotourism in Karanganyar Regency. The research method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method by describing, explaining and answering in detail the problem to be studied. Ngargoyoso District was chosen deliberately as the research location because this district is an agrotourism center in Karanganyar Regency. Data collection was conducted through FGD, direct interviews as well as documentation and field observations. This study found that BUMDes have not played its role optimally in the development of agrotourism, because most of the agrotourism are privately owned. BUMDes strives to offer the concept of professional management but is still constrained by community trust. The village government provides support by providing funding assistance in the licensing process. The maintenance of tourist environment is an effort taken by community and tourism managers to maintain the cleanliness and comfort of tourist areas so that the community can carry out economic activities continuously and tourism sustainability can be achieved.
The effect of grain price stability and capital availability on gen-z’s interest in farmer entrepreneurship in Serdang Bedagai Regency
Authors: Ananda H , Subhilhar  , Harahap R H , Kusmanto H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The reluctance of the majority of Indonesians, especially Gen Z, to enter the agricultural business is not only due to social factors but also price stability that can change rapidly due to global factors, and when viewed in terms of capital, it is also challenging to access startups in the high-risk agricultural sector. The objective of this research is to gain insights and explore the effect of grain price stability and capital availability on the interest of gen-z in farmer entrepreneurship in the Serdang Bedagai regency. The research employs a quantitative methodology and utilizes an associative approach. The research took place in the Serdang Bedagai regency, Sumatera Utara province, through the distribution of research questionnaires directly to gen-Z. The researchers made gen-Z of Serdang Bedagai regency as the study population, by taking a sample of 96 respondents and using purposive sampling in sampling techniques. The results showed that the stability of grain prices and the availability of capital had a significant partial and simultaneous effect on Gen-Z’s interest in farmer entrepreneurship. And it was found that the stability of grain prices (X1) and the availability of capital (X2) affected the interest of gen-z in farmer entrepreneurship (Y) by 40.6%.
The red chili supply chain management produced from coastal land based on food supply chain network to realize agriculture sustainability in Bantul Indonesia
Authors: Susanawati  , Pertiwi A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Agricultural commodities from coastal land farming such as chilies can be used to realize sustainable agriculture, so this study aims to describe the red chili supply chain and analyze the supply chain management of red chili produce coastal land. Farmer sampling was carried out in stages starting from the subdistrict, village, hamlet, and farmer levels. Farmer respondents were taken deliberately as many as 75 people. Sampling after farmers was carried out using the snowball sampling method with a total of 69 respondents. Descriptive analysis techniques to analyze the red chili supply chain and use food supply chain network framework to analyze supply chain management. The results showed that the red chili supply chain has three chains formed by 5 actors. The selection of partners with criteria of high price, subscription, trust, and easy sales with responsible and mutually open performance. All supply chain actors make unwritten agreements. The transaction system used is auctions and scales with most delayed payments and cash. Government support is only given to farmers and auction markets in the form of infrastructure. Supply chain collaboration that occurs openly and reciprocally with context of communication related to price, quality, quantity, type of chili, and stock availability.
Optimization model growth and equalization of farmer’s income in the rotiklot dam service area on the border area of Indonesia-Timor Leste
Authors: Taena W , Sipayung B P , Blegur F M A , Klau A D 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The study aims to analyze optimization models of growth and income distribution. The study used a survey method in Fatuketi Village, Kakuluk Mesak District as the Rotiklot Dam service area, with a sample of 300 respondents. Data analysis uses a multi-objective linear programming model for growth and equal distribution of agricultural income. The results of the analysis show that an income of IDR 11,576,192.00 per year is an income that optimizes growth and income distribution. Optimizing growth and equal distribution shows that the average income of farmers in the first planting season was IDR. 4,132,108 and IDR. 7,444,084 in planting season II. The marginal land used is 300 ha with the volume of water needed to meet all plant needs as much as 1,986,565.16 m3. Agricultural income can still be increased for the third planting season because there is still excess water of 948,434.84 m3.
SOI Based metasurface for broadband perfect reflection in visible spectrum
Authors: Ankit  , Kishor Kamal , Sinha Ravindra Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We propose modeling and design of a low-loss all-dielectric metasurface (DM), comprised of Silicon on Insulator (SiO2) substrate to demonstrate a perfect reflector in the visible spectrum. The proposed metasurface unit cell consists of V and W shapes arranged in a mirror image configuration, with nanometre-sized gaps (g) between them. A narrow peak with a nearly 100% reflectance and a broad perfect reflectance spectrum is observed within the visible region (400–700 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum. The effective electromagnetic parameters were also analyzed for electric and magnetic dipole resonance. The electric and magnetic field distributions at the resonant wavelength were also analyzed for the proposed structure. By altering the gap region ‘g’, the thickness of the dielectric Silica layer (ts
), and the Si resonator (t
m), the proposed structure exhibits tunable characteristics. We have successfully illustrated the consistent position of the scattering parameter’s response, regardless of the structure’s rotation, concluding the homogeneity of the designed structure across the entire visible spectrum. The all-DM exhibits a unique combination of features, including a distinct and wide reflectance spectrum as well as a tuned and enhanced electric field which makes it an ideal platform for the applications in filters, color printing, low-loss slow-light devices, and nonlinear optics.
Application of the fractional Fourier transform for decryption in experimental optical cryptosystems
Authors: Vargas-Castrillon Carlos , Velez-Zea Alejandro , Barrera-Ramírez John Fredy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this contribution, we introduce a new practical approach to apply the fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) in the modeling of two optical systems: free space propagation (FSP) and a single lens processor (SLP). This formulation presents a simple way to stablish a direct relationship between physical parameters of the two optical systems and a real-valued fractional order. Furthermore, we employ and compare two numerical methods for evaluating the FrFT: the convolution and the Fresnel transform. Consequently, we apply this innovative approach to the digital decryption process in an opto-digital joint transform correlator cryptosystem, considering both the FSP and the SLP variants. We analyze both numerically and experimentally encrypted data to support our proposed method and to investigate the sensitivity of the decryption process with the fractional order. Notably, we obtain similar decryption results for both numerically and experimentally encrypted objects, demonstrating excellent agreement between the theoretical model, the numerical test, and the experiment.
Effect of water salinity on the focal tuning of an injected liquid lens used to modify the z-scan method
Authors: Shahsavand Yeganeh , Karimarji Safoura , Khorsandi Alireza 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A water-injected liquid lens is fabricated to tune its focal length using the change in water salinity. It is found that when the salinity of water is changed from zero to 34.25%, the focal length can be changed by about 12.6 mm from 73.7 mm to 86.3 mm. A focal length resolution of approximately 0.75 × 10−2 mm and high temporal stability over a long period have been achieved for the lens foci. This lens is then used to modify the z-scan technique where the lens and the sample both remain fixed without displacement. The performance of the fabricated lens is evaluated by nonlinear refractive index measurement of a sample containing 10.82-pH-synthesized Silver nanoparticles suspended in water with 15 mM of concentration. For verification of the results, a nonlinear refractive index of (−10.6 ± 1.0) × 10−7 cm2 W−1 is firstly measured for the sample using a classical z-scan benefiting from a conventional focal-fixed lens. Interestingly, we found out that when the fabricated lens is replaced in the modified z-scan, the nonlinear refractive index of about (−8.1 ± 0.2) × 10−7 cm2 W−1 can be measured, indicating a similarity in the order and small difference in the coefficient compared to the classical z-scan. This outcome highlights the potential capability and simplicity of the fabricated lens in the modification of the classical z-scan technique.
Tribocorrosion studies on DLC films with silver nanoparticles for prosthesis applications
Authors: Radi P A , Vieira L , Leite P , Trava-Airoldi V J , Massi M , Reis D A P 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Metals and their alloys are very important for orthopedic applications, and the basic requirements for a successful implant are chemical stability, mechanical behavior, and biocompatibility in body fluids and tissues. For prosthesis applications, the corrosion resistance of metals is one of the major prerequisites to avoid impairment of the material properties due to degradation. The combined action of corrosion and wear on the material is called tribocorrosion and DLC (Diamond-Like Carbon) films have been extensively studied to increase prosthesis biocompatibility and to protect from corrosion. Additionally, DLC coatings can prevent the prosthesis to release toxic elements due to plastic deformation and corrosion. This paper is about tribocorrosion studies on DLC and DLC-Ag (DLC containing silver nanoparticles) on Ti-6Al-4V substrates. These films were obtained by PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) using hexane as a precursor. The tribocorrosion behavior of uncoated and coated samples was investigated in the reciprocating mode in Ringer’s lactate solution. From the polarization test results, the protective efficiency of the film was calculated. Silver nanoparticles improved the corrosion resistance of the films. The protective efficiency was 15 and 19% for DLC and DLC-Ag films, respectively.
Differences in sediment nitrogen and phosphorus distribution between riverside and lakeside wetlands in a river-connected lake
Authors: Peng Zenghui , Niu Shiyu , Luo Qinghua , Li Youzhi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The distribution of nutrients in sediments is the result of multiple factors, including hydrological conditions and vegetation regulation, and in wetlands with complex hydrological conditions, this distribution is uncertain. In this study, the spatial distribution patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments were studied in the riverside and lakeside wetlands of Dongting Lake, a typical river-connected lake. The results showed that the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the surface sediments were higher than those in the subsurface sediments in both the riverside and lakeside wetlands. In addition, the concentration of total nitrogen (TN) of lakeside wetlands in the surface sediments was higher than that of riverside wetlands, whereas the concentration of total phosphorus (TP) did not differ between the two wetland types. In the surface sediments, there were significant positive correlations between the TN and TP concentrations in the riverside wetlands (p < 0.05), but no significant correlation in the lakeside wetlands (p > 0.05). In riverside wetlands, the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations showed strong spatial dependence. However, in the lakeside wetlands, the spatial dependence of NO3
−-N was strong, that of NH4
+-N was moderate, and that of TN and TP was weak. This study shows that both hydrology and vegetation cause differences in the distribution of nutrients in the sediments. The results obtained from this investigation clarify the differences of sediment nitrogen and phosphorus distributions in the two types of wetlands and provide a technical reference for the management of different wetland types.
Performance enhancement of cloud security with migration algorithm for choosing virtual machines in cloud computing
Authors: Manivannan R , Senthilkumar S , Kalaivani K , Prathap N 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The management of the hardware as well as software resources entrusted to third-party service suppliers have shown to be extraordinarily remarkable and accessible with Cloud Computing (CC), a potential computing technology for the future. Yet, a major undertaking is characterized by security as well as the use of Virtual Machines (VMs) to perform a request. The main issue with using technology is security worries, which raises the need for a strong security system to safeguard data on the cloud. Thus, to address this problem, a method called Weighted Mean-based Radial Basis Function Network with Advanced Encryption Standard (WMRBFN-AES) is developed to improve cloud security along with the time of execution. Random keys are produced utilizing the Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG) technique, and the best keys are created employing the WMRBFN technique. In the WMRBFN technique, randomly generated keys are used as input, and the hidden layers yield an estimate associated with the secret key of the input. The output layer generates the most precise secret keys to encrypt the data. Encryption is carried out using the AES algorithm. The files about the encrypted data are kept in a cloud storage system. Reduced execution times for stakeholder demands (tasks) as well as optimal cloud resource utilization result from the selection of VMs, which significantly improves reliability. The Migration Algorithm (MA) is used in the cloud framework to optimize the selection of VMs to improve resource utilization and performance. The experimental findings of the suggested framework and the state-of-the-art frameworks are compared, and it was found that the new model performed better in terms of cost, resource utilization, service latency, throughput, and execution time.
A Crash Course on Incompressible Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Davidson P A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter develops the key equations and fundamental concepts of incompressible fluid dynamics. It covers topics such as the Eulerian description of motion and the convective derivative, viscous shear stresses and Newton’s law of viscosity, Cauchy’s equation of Motion and the Navier–Stokes equation, boundary layers, viscous dissipation, vortex dynamics, and the Boussinesq approximation. The concepts are developed from first principles in a simple, accessible way. However, the reader is assumed to be fluent in the use of vector calculus and tensor analysis. References to further reading, both elementary and advanced, are provided for those readers who are relatively new to fluid mechanics.
Precession
Authors: Davidson P A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The earth’s mantle is subject to both free precession (the Chandler wobble) and forced precession (equinox precession), with the latter driving precessional motion in the fluid core of the earth. Following a brief introduction to rigid-body precession, both the Chandler wobble and equinox precession of the earth are discussed. The chapter concludes with Poincaré’s classical analysis of the precessional motion within the earth’s fluid core. The topic of fluid precession in planetary cores is a subtle one, but several suggestions for further reading are provided for the fearless reader intent on further study.
Instability II
Authors: Davidson P A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A rotating fluid heated from below becomes unstable when the temperature differences in the fluid are sufficiently large. This chapter starts with a review of the non-rotating case, i.e. of Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a thin fluid layer. This is followed by a detailed discussion of rotating Rayleigh–Bénard convection, where a critical distinction has to be made between the case where the instability is non-oscillatory and that where it is oscillatory. The chapter closes with a discussion of the thermal instability which occurs in a rotating annulus, often called the ‘Busse annulus’. This results in a form of thermally driven Rossby wave.
Vortex Breakdown
Authors: Davidson P A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A thin vortex tube can undergo a sudden expansion, often leading to instability and turbulence, if subject to an external deceleration. This is called vortex breakdown, and it is often observed in swirling flow in a slowly diverging pipe, and in the scroll vortices that develop on the upper surface of a delta wing. Simple model problems are presented for vortex breakdown, both in pipes and on delta wings. However, attempts to develop a generalized theory of vortex breakdown have proved to be problematic, as discussed towards the end of the chapter. Indeed, despite many analytical and experimental studies, the entire subject of vortex breakdown remains somewhat uncertain.
Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Davidson P A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Tropical cyclones are the largest, and most destructive, vortices that can form on the surface of the earth. This chapter reviews the conditions under which they form, as well as the observational evidence as to their structure. Real tropical cyclones are powered by evaporation from the warm tropical seas, but a simple cartoon of a ‘dry’ cyclone can reveal useful information about the fluid mechanics at work within a tropical cyclone. Despite their destructive power, and almost a century of scientific research, tropical cyclones are still poorly understood and remain a topic of intense debate.