bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Zinc Oxide-Copper Catalyst for Carbon Monoxide-Shift Conversion. II. The Catalytic Activity and the Catalyst Structures
Authors: Uchida Hiroshi , Oba Masaaki , Isogai Norio , Hasegawa Toji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Structures of the zinc oxide-copper catalysts, whose catalytic activity in carbon monoxideshift conversion had been determined, were investigated by X-ray diffraction technique, mercury and helium-volume measurement, and electron microscopy. The electron microscopic observations were conducted in two ways; one on a catalyst sample after the activity test and the other on a raw sample while undergoing specified treatments in a reaction chamber attached to the electron microscope. On the basis of models of particle geometry obtained from the electron microscopic images, the results on pore volume, average diameters of pores and particles, all dependent on the method of preparation and the chemical composition, are explained. The models and the observed dependency of the specific activity of copper surface on the copper content indicate that the finer copper particles, whether patch-like or massive, show the higher specific activity. The fine copper particle is apt to be oxidized more readily than the well-grown particle.
Mössbauer Effect of the 119Sn in the Molecular Complexes of Tin Tetrachloride with Some Aliphatic Compounds
Authors: Ichiba Sumio , Mishima Mitsuo , Sakai Hiroshi , Negita Hisao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Molecular complexes of tin tetrachloride with some aliphatic compounds, such as alcohols and esters, were investigated by means of the Mössbauer effect due to 119Sn, irradiation being made by 23.8 keV γ-rays from the 119mSn in tin dioxide. Most of these complexes show quadru-pole splittings resulting from the addition of organic molecules to tin tetrachloride, although broad absorption curves are observed in some cases. The isomer shifts range from 0.30 to 0.45 mm/sec. They are much smaller than that of tin tetrachloride itself. The results are interpreted by taking account of the electronic structures of the complexes.
Effect of the Ionic Strength on the Behavior of Sodium Chondroitin Sulfate C in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki , Ikeda Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Viscosity and light-scattering investigations were carried out in aqueous sodium chloride solutions at 25°C on a sample of sodium chondroitin sulfate C from shark cartilage. The weightaverage molecular weight of 74000 was obtained. The molecular dimensions, obtained from the viscosity-partial specific volume, from the light scattering-partial specific volume, and from the light scattering-viscosity, were found to fit well for a long-rod model with a length of about 800 Å and a diameter of about 10 Å at the infinite ionic strength.
The Solution Properties of Nonionic Oligosoaps Derived from Nonylphenol Formaldehyde Resin
Authors: Ishigami Yutaka , Narasaki Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Nonionic oligosoaps (mol wt 6200 and 9700), consisting of a short polymer chain with chemically-attached soap-like groups, have been prepared from nonylphenol formaldehyde resin (mol wt 2000) by condensing 11 and 20 mol of ethylene oxide per nonylphenol ring making up the resin. Light-scattering, surface-tension, and vapor-pressure-depression measurements have been carried out. These oligosoaps formed agregates in water; the micellar weights were 81000 (11 mol condensate) and 70700 (20 mol), respectively, much as with the cationic oligosoap derived from polyallyl chloride reported elsewhere. The aggregation number, the dependence of the micellar weight on the sodium chloride concentration, the small surface area per molecule, in water, and the nonaggregation in nonaqueous solutions are discussed. It is noteworthy that these oligosoaps behave like monosoaps in various ways.
Faradaic Impedance of Fast Electrode Processes as Measured by an Impedance Bridge Using an Inductor
Authors: Tanaka Takuma , Imai Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An impedance bridge using an inductor in parallel with the cell is proposed for accurate measurement of kinetic parameters of fast electrode processes. The theory and method of analysis are given in detail. Its applicability was proved up to at least 50 kc, and possibly at higher frequencies. The kinetic parameters obtained by this method for the electrode reaction Cd2++2e=Cd(Hg) in m Na2SO4 at the D. M. E. were α=0.17, and k°=0.064 cm/sec (25°C).
Chemical Studies of Minerals Containing Rarer Elements from the Far East District. LXI. Yttrofluorite from Suishoyama, Kawamatamachi, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Uetani Keiji , Ogimura Yoshiko , Kato Akira , Nagashima Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A very rare yttrium mineral, yttrofluorite, from granite pegmatite found at Suishoyama, Fukushima Prefecture, was studied. Chemical analysis: Ca 35.50%, Σ Rare earths 18.84%, Mg 0.42%, Fe 0.34%, Al 0.15%, Mn 0.08%, F (remainder) 44.67%. Cell constant calculated from the X-ray powder data: a0=5.500 Å. Specific gravity: 3.51 (measured), 3.62 (calculated). Refractive index: n=1.454. The distribution pattern of lanthanide elements studied by the X-ray fluorescent method disclosed that the mineral is poor in cerium group lanthanide, rich in yttrium group with maxima at dysprosium and erbium. The mineral occurs as aggregates of small crystals in spessartine garnet embeded in large crystals of feldspars.
The Synthesis of Agarobiose
Authors: Hirase Susumu , Araki Choji , Arai Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Agarobiose, 3,6-anhydro-4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-l-galactose, was synthesized by a series of reactions involving the condensation of 1, 2-O-isopropylidene-3, 6-anhydro-l-galactopyranose with tetra-O-acetyl-α-d-galactosyl bromide, deacetylation with sodium methoxide, and the hydrolytic removal of the O-isopropylidene group. The resulting disaccharide, and its osazone and dimethyl acetal were identical with the corresponding authentic samples obtained naturally.
Macro Rings. I. Syntheses of a Novel Class of Compounds with a Chain of Alternating Benzene Rings and Methylene Groups
Authors: Inazu Takahiko , Yoshino Tamotsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
As starting materials for the synthesis of a macrocyclic compound, I, bridged diphenylmethane derivatives of the general formula p-XC6H4CH2(C6H4CH2)mC6H4X-p were synthesized; X is hydrogen or (CH2)nCOOR (n=0–3), m=2 or 3, and R=hydrogen or alkyl.
Azetidines. IV. The Reaction of 1-t-Butylazetidinyl-3 Tosylate with Amines and Mercaptans
Authors: Chen Teng-yueh , Kato Hiroshi , Ohta Masaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
3-Amino and 3-mercapto-azetidine derivatives were prepared by the reaction of 1-t-butylazetidinyl-3 tosylate with ammonia, primary and secondary amines, and mercaptans. Ring cleavage was observed when the tosylate was reacted with compounds of higher acidity, such as thiobenzoic acid.
A Study of the Nucleophilic Solvation Based on the Theory of Chemical Equilibrium
Authors: Kagiya Tsutomu , Sumida Yūzō , Inoue Tokuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The nucleophilic solvation to a deuterium atom in a methanol-d molecule has been quantitatively studied by using the infrared spectroscopic data of the O–D vibrational band. The position of the O–D band did not change in spite of the variation in the methanol-d concentration in solutions of a single solvent, whereas the area of the O–D peak changed in proportion to the first-order of the methanol-d concentration. From these results, it has been concluded that the area of the O–D band corresponds to the concentration of the methanol-d solvated. In a binary solvent system, which consisted of components with substantial differences in the electron-donating power, two positions of the O–D peak were observed at positions identical to those in the component examined in a single solvent system, and the area of each O–D peak changed with the composition of the system. These results led to the conclusion that the nucleophilic solvation of each component in the binary system took place competitively and individually. From the quantitative treatment of the results on the basis of the theory of chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium constant of the nucleophilic solvation of a solvent to methanol-d was calculated. The following empirical formula was obtained between the electron-donating powers and the nucleophilic equilibrium constants of various solvents:
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
Solvent Effects on the Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectra of 2,3-Dichlorobutane and the Problem of Rotational Isomers
Authors: Kondo Shoichi , Tagami Eijiro , Iimura Kazuyoshi , Takeda Masatami 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Effect of solvent on the coupling and magnetic shielding constants of meso and racemic 2,3-dichlorobutanes has been examined using proton magnetic resonance (PMR). The iterative method of spectrum analysis is applied to the simple sub-state in order to improve the computation speed and the computer capacity. The variations in the coupling constants for the meso configuration are to some extent correlated with the population as a function of dielectric constant ε of solvent using an Onsager model. The coupling constants of the racemic configuration were almost independent of the solvent dielectric constant. The estimated chemical shift dependence on ε of the reaction field does not adequately describe the experimental data.
Rectification Effects Using Polyelectrolyte Solutions
Authors: Shimizu Kunitoshi , Sen\={o} Manabu , Nozaki Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rectifying properties of liquid junctions of polyelectrolyte solutions are examined and discussed. In the case of liquid junctions between aqueous solutions of poly(styrene-sulfonic acid) and poly(2-vinyl-N-n-butylpyridinium hydroxide), the rectification effects greatly depend on the concentrations of the polyelectrolytes and on the frequencies of the voltages applied, that is, rectification effects can not be found when the concentrations of polyelectrolytes are lower than 0.68×10−3 equivalents per liter and when the frequencies of the alternating voltages are higher than 200 cps. The mechanism of rectification can be explained to some extent by a semiconductor analogy. In the case of liquid junctions between poly(styrene-sulfonic acid) and poly(2-vinyl-N-n-butylpyridinium bromide), the static current versus voltage curves have strong hysteresis loops. The rectification effects can be slightly observed when alternating voltages with frequencies lower than 100 cps are applied. In this case, however, the mechanism of rectification can not be explained by the semiconductor analogy.
The Hydrogen Yields in the Radiolysis of Cysteine and Biscysteinatocobaltate(III) in 0.8 n Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Matsuura Niro , Shinohara Nobuyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Radiation-induced oxidation of cysteine in an acid medium was studied by measuring the hydrogen yields at an initiation stage of radiolysis. In the deaerated system G(H2)=4.0 along with the G(–CySH)=7.1 were observed and the results can be interpreted in terms of the yields of primary radicals from the radiolysis of water in 0.8 n sulfuric acid medium. From stoichio-metric view point it is predicted that the radiolysis takes place through cysteine radical as intermediate to form cystine. In the aerated system on the other hand, the radiolysis of cysteine is much complicated. For a possible explanation satisfying all the G values obtained, 10.5 in the disappearance of cysteine, 4.0 in the formation of hydrogen peroxide and 0.4 in the hydrogen, the air oxidation of cysteine caused by the radicals, HO2 and OH which produce H2O2 and O2 by the radical recombination, is proposed as mechanism. The radiolysis of cysteine is greatly reduced by complexation with metallic ion as biscysteinatocobaltate(III) complex. The absence of hydrogen abstraction from cysteine by H atom, the isolation of cysteine from a ligand site and the extraordinary high G values in the disappearance of optical absorption of the complex can be cited as characteristics in the radiolysis of the biscysteinatocobaltate(III) complex. The intramolecular redox of the complex into Co(II) ion and cysteine is a best fit mechanism as over all reaction in the radiolysis of the biscysteinatocobaltate(III) complex.
The Gas-phase Oxidation of Propylene in an Inert Fluidized Bed Reactor under Pressure. The Effects of the Reaction Conditions on the Formation of Oxidation Products
Authors: Echigoya Etsuro , Masai Mitsuo , Morikawa Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The oxidation of propylene is studied in an excess-propylene atmosphere under pressure, using an inert fluidized bed reactor. The effects of the temperature, the pressure, and the concentration of oxygen on the reaction were examined. The so-called “negative temperature coefficient” is clearly observed with relation to the rate of the oxidation of propylene and the rates of the formation of acetaldehyde, propylene oxide, acrolein, carbon monoxide, methane, and ethylene. Therefore, the reaction courses involving these may be regarded as radical-chain reactions. Little effect of the pressure is observed. The molar fraction of oxygen exerts a profound effect on the yields of acetaldehyde, propylene oxide, and acrolein.
Polymerization and Isomerization of Allylbenzene and Propenylbenzene
Authors: Shimizu Akihiko , Otsu Takayuki , Imoto Minoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to clarify the relationship between the isomerization and polymerization of α- and β-olefins by various types of catalysts, the isomerizations of allylbenzene and propenylbenzene during their polymerizations were studied. In the presence of cationic catalysts (AlBr3, BF3O(C2H5)2, etc), neither the polymerization nor the isomerization of allylbenzene was observed, but propenylbenzene was found to be polymerized without the isomerization of the monomer to give a solid polymer which consisted substantially of a 1,2-structure, plus a minor unit of an isomerized structure. In the cases of the Natta catalysts [TiCl3-Al(C2H5)3, Al/Ti≥2], allylbenzene could easily be polymerized to a high-molecular-weight polymer with a 1,2-structure. During this polymerization, both positional and geometrical isomerizations of the unreacted monomer were observed, indicating that the propenylbenzene obtained from the isomerization did not participate in the polymerization of allylbenzene. It was also found that the polymerization and the positional isomerization of propenylbenzene by these catalysts did not occur.
Infrared Spectra of a Few Transfer Ribonucleic Acids
Authors: Tsuboi Masamichi , Shuto Katsuichi , Takemura Shosuke , Nishimura Susumu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Infrared absorptions have been observed in the 1800–700 cm−1 region of four purified amino-acid transfer ribonucleic acids (tRNA’s): alanine tRNA and valine-I tRNA from Torulopsis utilis (torula yeast) and methionine tRNA and tyrosine tRNA from Escherichia coli in their deuterated film. Spectral features in the 1550–1750 cm−1 region of the valine, methionine, and tyrosine tRNA’s indicate that each of these tRNA’s has an amount of base-pairs, which is in accord with the “clover leaf” structure previously proposed. The relative amounts of the paired and unpaired cytosine residues are estimated on the assumption that the intensity ratio of the 1523 and 1500 cm−1bands is 0.18 for the paired cytosine residue and 0.84 for the unpaired cytosine residue. The results are also compatible with the “clover leaf” structure.
The Reaction between Hydrocarbon and Hydrogen Cyanide in Silent Electrical Discharge. III. The Reaction of Ethylene or Propylene with Hydrogen Cyanide
Authors: Kawamoto Kazuaki , Nishimura Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to find out whether or not the relative amounts of acrylonitrile obtained by the reaction between ethylene and hydrogen cyanide in a silent discharge are affected by the substances (Hg(CN)2, Cu, CuCN, Al, Zn and Fe) placed in a glass filter of the special discharge tube, and to examine the possibility of the direct introduction of a cyano radical into propylene by means of the silent discharge. The yield of acrylonitrile depended upon the packing materials in the glass filter. When the discharge wall of the glass filter was filled with Hg(CN)2, the yield of acrylonitrile was at its maximum. When a mixture of propylene and hydrogen cyanide was discharged in an ozonizer in the absence of air, the main liquid products were crotononitrile, methacrylonitrile, and n-propyl cyanide. Besides these compounds, the reaction products were confirmed to consist of isopropyl cyanide, acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 2,3-dimethylbutane, 1,5-hexadiene, 2-methylpentane, 1-hexene, n-hexane, and gaseous products. Judging from the relative concentration of each compound in the reaction products, it may be said that 2-methylvinyl, isopropenyl, propyl, allyl, isopropyl, and cyano radicals are the main intermediates in this reaction system.
Mechanism of Emulsification with Special Reference to Solid Stabilized Emulsions
Authors: Jain S P , Srivastava S N 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Mechanism of emulsification with special reference to ferric hydroxide as emulsifier has been studied. The sol of ferric hydroxide having maximum possible stability has been prepared. Its particle size as determined by electron microscope is of 63 Å radius. The stability of the sol in presence of different amounts of electrolytes of different valencies has been studied by measuring its zeta potentials in terms of interaction energy curves. By using these different stages of partially flocculated ferric hydroxide sol as emulsifier the emulsions of toluene in water were prepared and their relative stabilities assessed by adding various electrolytes. Then the stability of the emulsions formed has been studied by the measurement of zeta potentials micro-electrophoretically in the light of the D.V.O. theory. The size of the emulsion globules as determined microphotographically is 1.1μ radius. The pH and interfacial tension measurements have also been carried out. From interfacial tensions between the disperse phase and the dispersion medium at different amounts of electrolytes, the surface charge of the emulsions has been deduced which is found to be in good agreement with the electrophoretic results. Finally a correlation has been sought between the stability of the emulsions and the corresponding partially flocculated sols used in emulsification.
Studies in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Long-range Shielding by Triple Bonds
Authors: Jackman J M , Sarkis George Y 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The magnetic shielding of nuclei due to distant chemical groups may be calculated from the knowledge of the magnetic anisotropy of the bonds in these groups. The reverse procedure, namely, the calculation of the magnetic anisotropy of bonds from NMR relative chemical shifts has been employed here to estimate the magnetic anisotropy of −C≡C, −C≡N, and −N≡C triple bonds. The paramagnetic contribution to the shielding of the acetylenic proton was estimated from the calculated value of ΔχC≡C, and from the known geometry of the molecule. The value thus obtained is compared with that calculated by quantum mechanical methods.
Exo-electron Emission from Sandblasted Steel
Authors: Tamai Yasukatsu , Momose Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The exo-electron glow curves up to about 250°C were measured for the sandblasted steel specimens, which had been kept in air for 2 min 30 sec, 2 hr 30 min or 13 hr after the sandblast. It was found that the plots of the integrated total counts against the keeping time in doublelogarithmic scales gave a straight line with negative slope and that the emission peak moved to higher temperatures and at the same time the emission intensity decreased with the keeping time. It was also found that at the higher heating rate the peak intensity became larger and the peak temperature became higher than at the lower heating rate and that the remaining counts above a given temperature in the glow curve was linearly related with the temperature in semi-logarithmic scales, regardless of the heating rate. Comparing the behavior of exo-electron emission with that of the thermoluminescence of phosphors, it is supposed that electron traps are distributed on or in the deformed solid surface.
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of N-(p-Bromophenyl)-α-d-ribopyranosylamine 2,4-Phenylboronate
Authors: Shimanouchi Hirotaka , Saito Norio , Sasada Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Crystals of N-(p-bromophenyl)-α-d-ribopyranosylamine 2,4-phenylboronate, C17H17O4NBBr, are monoclinic, with two molecules in a unit cell of the dimensions, a=12.98, b=10.80, c=6.34Å, and β=99.4°, and with the space group of P21. The intensity data were collected by a photographic method and the structure was solved by the heavy atom method. The final R factor is 0.100. The absolute configuration was also determined.
A Theoretical Interpretation of Substituent Effects on the H–H and 13C–H Spin Coupling Constants for CH3X, (CH2)2X, and CH2=CHX Derivatives
Authors: Yonezawa Teijiro , Morishima Isao , Fujii Mutsuo , Kato Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An attempt has been made to explain the experimental trend of H–H and 13C–H nuclear spin coupling constants for CH3X, (CH2)2X, and CH2=CHX systems on the basis of the Pople and Santry expression for the contact term. The calculated magnitudes of the coupling constants are parallel with the observed values, but are uniformly lower by a factor of between 1.5 and 2. The variation in the calculated coupling constants with the electronegativity (Ex) of the substituent, X, follows the well-acknowledged observed tendency for directly-bonded 13C–H, geminal H–H, and vicinal cis and trans H–H coupling constants. Theoretical calculations also predict the Ex dependency of the directly-bonded 13C–H coupling constants for two geminal C–H bonds in the 13CH2=CHX fragment. The difference between two geminal 13C-C-H coupling constants in the CH2=13CHX system is also obtained by calculation. Discussions of the factors which dominate the couplings are also presented.
Microwave Spectrum of Cyclohexene
Authors: Ogata Teruhiko , Kozima Kunio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The microwave spectrum of cyclohexene has been investigated in the frequency region from 7.3 to 27 Gc/sec with a conventional Stark modulation spectrometer, and the spectrum in the ground vibrational state has been assigned. The dipole moment lies entirely along the b-principal axis; its value, as obtained from the Stark displacements, is 0.332±0.012D. From the rotational constants and the orientation of the dipole moment, it can be concluded that the equilibrium conformation is a “half-chair” form. Its most probable structure has been determined.
Kinetic Studies of Oxygen Exchange and Racemization Reactions of Diaryl Sulfoxides in Sulfuric Acid of Various Concentrations
Authors: Kunieda Norio , Oae Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
When 18O-labeled and optically active sulfoxides are dissolved in a concentrated sulfuric acid, one observes the concurrent oxygen exchange and racemization reactions of the sulfoxides, and these reactions were found to proceed through the SN1-like path (S. Oae et al., Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 38, 546 (1965); 41, 696 (1968)). We have found that the concurrent oxygen exchangeand racemization reactions also take place even in less concentrated sulfuric acid at somewhat higher temperature, i. e. 70% sulfuric acid at 30°C, and proceed through a different mechanistic route, very likely an SN2-like path. Kinetic investigation on these reactions in sulfuric acid of various concentrations (66.5–96.3%) suggests there is a gradual change of mechanism of the reaction, i. e. from SN2 type in 66.5% to SN1 type in 96.3% with the increase of the concentration of sulfuric acid.