bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Growth and Development of the Cranial Base in the Japanese Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: Comparison with the Japanese Skeletal Class I Occlusion
Authors: UMEMURA Sachio , YAMAGUCHI Toshio 
Published: May 2008

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the growth and the developmental dimension and the feature of cranial base transition in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). With regared to this proposition, we have already submitted a paper in which we compared our study with skeletal reversed occlusion on a scholary journal. The authors will present this proposition in comparison with skeletal class I. The subject group consisted of 15 males and 12 females with UCLP. The control group consisted of 11 males and 14 females with skeletal class I. Standared lateral cephalometric radiographs taken at first medical examination and three years later were used. The three linear dimensions (S‐N, S‐Ba, N‐Ba) and craniobasal angle (N‐S‐Ba) were measured.The results were as follows: 1) Females showed no significant difference in S‐N, S‐Ba and N‐Ba but males had smaller S‐Ba and N‐Ba in the UCLP as compared with the control at the first examination and 3 years later. 2) There were no significant difference in the three distance items, S‐N, S‐Ba, N‐Ba, for females but significantly larger changes in N‐Ba appeared in the UCLP as compared with the controls for males. 3) The cranial base angle (N‐S‐Ba) showed no significant difference between the UCLP and controls for both male and female subjects at any observation time.From the above evidences, it is estimated that the cranial base size and angle in the UCLP as compared with those of controls show no consistent trend owing to possible involvement of differential growth pattern between the anterior cranial base and posterior cranial base. The growth of cranial base itself per se seems to be influenced mutually at minimal level by the maxillofacial growth. This suggests growth patterns of cranial base and maxillofacial region are independent from each other.
Long‐lasting Effect of Maternal Hyperphenylalaninemia during Pregnancy on Postnatal Brain Development of Mice: Biochemical and Morphological Studies
Authors: YAMAWAKI Yasushi , OHYA Noriaki , SHIMADA Morimi 
Published: May 2008

Abstract The effect of maternal hyperphenylalaninemia on postnatal brain development was examined. Maternal hyperphenylalaninemia was induced by giving chow supplemented with 6% phenylalanine (Phe.) and 0.12% p‐chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) for at least one month before coupling and then throughout pregnancy. Offspring from hyperphenylalaninemic mothers were given a normal diet from the first day after birth.Infant mice were killed on the 21st, 28th and 56th day after birth. The protein, RNA and DNA in the brain were measured to determine the biochemical changes. Maturation of the dendrite of pyramidal cells was also examined by the Golgi method. The body weight of the offspring born to mothers, which had been treated with Phe. and PCPA during pregnancy, was significantly less than that of the control. The gain of cerebral weight showed a similar pattern with that to the body weight.The total protein, RNA and DNA contents in the cerebrum of the treated group were also reduced significantly on 21st, 28th and 56th days after birth. The dendritic arborization of the cortical pyramidal neurons in the layer V showed significant reductions in the offspring born to hyperphenylalaninemic mothers compared with the age‐matched control at 21, 28 and 56 days after birth.These findings suggest that maternal hyperphenylalaninemia during pregnancy causes an irreversible retardation of the neuronal maturation both biochemically and morphologically, and subsequently gives rise to disorders of the higher cortical functions.
Effects of Serum to Cushion Mesenchymal Cell Migration of the Developing Chick Heart in Vitro
Authors: SUMIDA Hiroshi , NAKAMURA Harukazu , ISHITOU Yukiko , YASUDA Mineo 
Published: May 2008

Summary Migration of cardiac mesenchymal cells of chick embryos was examined in vitro. The conotruncal cushion and atrioventricular cushion cells of 6‐day‐old chick embryos were cultured on collagen gel in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with chicken serum of calf serum, or no serum. After 48 hr of incubation, the culture was fixed with 4% formaldehyde, and photographed. The migration area of mesenchymal cells spread from the transplanted tissue was measured by digitizing the photographs. Then, the migration distance of mesenchymal cells was computed from the area with a personal computer.Mesenchymal cells cultured with chicken serum migrated a significantly longer distance than those with calf serum or no serum. Under the designed conditions, the migration distance of the mesenchymal cells of the conotruncal cushion was longer than that of the atrioventricular cushion.These results show that certain factor(s) in serum stimulates migration activity of cardiac mesenchymal cells, but the mammalian factor(s) is not cross‐reactive to cardiac mesenchymal cells of birds. Different effects of the serum from different species on the migration activity of chick cardiac mesenchymal cells were shown in the present results. At the same time, it was revealed that migration activity of mesenchymal cells of the conotruncal cushion is different from that of the atrioventricular cushion.
Frequency and Type of Malformations in the Offspring of C57BL/6 Male Mice Treated with Ethylnitrosourea
Authors: NAGAO Tetsuji , FUJIKAWA Kazuo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMale mice of inbred strain C57BL/6 were intraperitoneally treated with ethylnitrosourea (ENU). On days 64–80 after the treatment, the males were mated with untreated virgin females of the same strain and allowed to utilize sperm that were spermatogonial stem cells at the time of treatment. On day 18 of gestation, viable fetuses were inspected for external malformations. The frequency of externally malformed fetuses in the ENU‐treated series increased significantly over the control level. Malformations occurred spontaneously in the control series were microphthalmia and micrognathia. In the ENU‐treated series as well, they occurred and no other malformations were encountered. The frequencies among total malformations of microphthalmia were 95% and 92% in the control and the ENU‐treated series, respectively. Based on these results and other data, we propose that the male‐mediated teratogenesis represents spontaneous teratogenesis that is enhanced over the normal level by paternally transmitted germ‐line mutation(s).
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Glucocorticoid Receptors in Developing Eyelids of NC‐eob Mouse Fetuses with Genetically Determined Open‐Eyelid Malformation
Authors: FUJII Sakiko , HOJO Hitoshi , KANEDA Masahiro , TERAMOTO Shoji 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNC‐eob mice are mutants having open eyelids at birth. Previous studies have revealed that this defect is related to the absence of epidermal differentiation at the tip of the developing eyelids on gestation day (GD) 16, and that maternal treatment with cortisone acetate (CA), a glucocorticoid compound, which has an ability to accelerate epidermal differentiation, is not effective against the epithelium in NC‐eob fetuses although the eyelid growth is slightly enhanced.In this study, transverse sections of the eyelids of NC‐eob fetuses on GDs 14 and 15 were evaluated immunohistochemically for glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) by using coisogenic NC fetuses as a control. For comparison, GRs in the palate were also investigated. On GD 14, the GR density in both the epithelium and mesenchyme of the eyelids was comparable between NC‐eob and NC fetuses. On GD 15, on the other hand, the GR density in the mesenchyme was significantly lower in NC‐eob than in NC, while no such change was found in the epithelium. The GR density in the palate of NC‐eob fetuses was comparable to that of NC fetuses in both the epithelium and mesenchyme on any of the gestation days examined.These results suggest that the low density of GR in the eyelid mesenchyme of NC‐eob fetuses on GD 15 may be one of the reasons for the insufficient development of the eyelids after treatment of their mothers with CA.
Modified Susceptibility to Teratogenesis in the Offspring of Male Mice Exposed to Mutagens
Authors: NAGAO Tetsuji , FUJIKAWA Kazuo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPreconceptual exposure of male mice to a mutagen can increase the incidence of malformations in the offspring. In mutagenized spermatogonial stem cells, genetic changes responsible for F1 malformations were produced in a manner similar to that involved in the production of specific locus mutations. Irrespective of the kind of mutagens applied, the germ cell stage treated and the strain of mice used, resulting F1 malformations showed type distributions that were indistinguishable from the spectrum of those occurring spontaneously. When a teratogen was applied at the organogenic stage, embryos whose sires were preconceptually exposed to a mutagen showed higher susceptibility to induced malformations than those derived from untreated males. Experimental results pertaining to these contentions are summarized and the possible implications are discussed.
Morphology and Morphometry of the Deformed Cervical Vertebrae in a Mutant Knotty‐Tail (knt/knt) Mouse
Authors: MATSUURA Tetsuro , NARAMA Isao , OZAKI Kiyokazu , NAKAJIMA Hiroo , NISHIMURA Masahiko , IMAGAWA Tomohiro , KITAGAWA Hiroshi , UEHARA Masato 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMice with short and knotty tails arose as a spontaneous mutant in an ICR strain, and they have been named knotty‐tail mouse (gene symbol; knt). They also have a minor anomaly of the cervical vertebrae, especially in the axis. In this study, the cervical vertebrae of knotty‐tail (knt/knt) mice were investigated by morphological and morphometric examinations during the prenatal and postnatal period. From the observation of double‐stained preparations of knt/knt mice, morphological changes of cervical vertebrae were confined to the vertebral arch of the axis, which was asymmetrical and hypoplastic. From the morphometric analyses, outside of the axis, minor anomalies (i. e., broadened cervical vertebrae in the transverse direction, shortened and broadened ventral tuberculum of the atlas, thickened ventral lamina of 6th cervical vertebra) were maintained in the cervical vertebrae of knt/knt mice. Morphological deformity, reflecting an adult osseous anomaly, had been already formed in the cartilaginous axis prenatally. In the papain‐digested preparations of knt/knt mice, a bony invagination into the canal was detected in the axis, and the morphometric analyses on axis revealed that the growth of spinous process was apparently disturbed in comparison with that of ICR mice.
Normal Outcome Following Administration of Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonist during Early Pregnancy
Authors: UEHARA Shigeki , SAKAHIRA Hiroshi , TAMURA Mitsutoshi , WATANABE Takanori , YAJIMA Akira 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe observed an unusual case of a woman who had received a gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (GnRH‐a), leuprolide acetate, during the first trimester and early in the second trimester of pregnancy. Nevertheless, the pregnancy was uncomplicated and a healthy male infant (2,670 g) was born after spontaneous labor at the 38th week of gestation. The infant suffered no malformations or respiratory complication and he achieved normal growth. Although GnRH‐a is known to induce pregnancy loss, the drug does not appear to be teratogenic. Accordingly, a pregnancy that occurs during GnRH‐a therapy and progresses normally should not be terminated for fear of its teratogenic effects.
Application of an Original Computerized Database (UR‐DBMS) for Diagnosis of the Malformation Syndromes
Authors: NARITOMI Kenji 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT“University of the Ryukyus‐Database for Malformation Syndromes (UR‐DBMS)” is a computerized database available as a diagnostic aid for malformation syndromes, chromosomal aberrations and other genetic diseases. This UR‐DBMS had been originally programmed by the author since 1989. The first version was established and opened to Japanese dysmorphologists in 1991. The newest version 5, started to be opened since 1998 in the form of a CD‐ROM disk, composed of four major data files and three other supporting files with a total volume about 400 MB. The main UR‐DBMS file includes clinical findings and notes of about 6,300 diseases/genes as well as 1,200 photographic data quoted from two major publishers in USA. Reference file includes almost all titles of the papers concerned. Abstract file has about 30,000 abstracts. Mutation file includes information for about 800 allelic variants identified so far, updated daily through Online MIM. These data were summarized and combined from several leading English textbooks and refined through Online MIM. UR‐DBMS uses an original systematized code to obtain quick and complete results in referring the database.UR‐DBMS was applied in the diagnosis of 51 newly visited patients with malformations and mental retardation from 1996 to 1997. As a result, clinical diagnoses were obtained or highly suspected in about 75% of the patients. It is confirmed that UR‐DBMS is a useful aid for clinical geneticists to obtain correct or near correct diagnoses, especially when they must check further examinations to rule out and refine the diagnoses.
Defective Myosin Genes in Mutant Mice and Human Diseases
Authors: YONEZAWA Satoshi , MASAKI Shigeo , ONO Takao , HANAI Atsuko , KAGEYAMA Takashi , MORIYAMA Akihiko , SONTA Shinichi 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTMyosins are highly divergent actin‐based molecular motors. In five of eight classes expressed in mammals, defects in genes have been identified in mutant mice and/or human diseases. A mutated myosin II‐7 gene is one of the causes of human familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC). The defective myosin Va gene is responsible for Griscelli disease, which is characterized by partial albinism and immunodeficiency, while in its mouse homologue coat color dilution is seen with or without neurological defects. There are three classes of myosins, VI, VII and XV, that are essential in the inner ear function. In humans, mutations in the VIIa gene are associated with three deafness‐related diseases, Usher 1B/DFNB2/DFNA11, providing the first example of exhibition of recessive‐ and dominant‐inherited disorders by different mutations in a single myosin gene.There are variations in phenotype between human diseases and their mouse models, which appear to be explicable on the basis of differences in tissue expression patterns of the given myosin between mouse and man. In FHC and Usher 1BDFNB2DFNA11, a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms are observed. Evidence has accumulated suggesting that the more functionally important the mutation site of the molecule, the more serious and severe the symptoms, although involvement of additional factors such as modifier genes and genetic background can not be ruled out. Molecular genetic analyses of a variety of dilute alleles in mice have greatly facilitated our understanding of genotype‐phenotype correlations, including information about structurally and functionally important domains of the myosin Va protein and cell‐type‐specific functions of different isoforms produced by alternative splicing.
Effects of maternal uninephrectomy on the development of fetal rat kidney with special reference to the proliferative activity and epidermal growth factor (EGF).
Authors: Okada Toshiya , Mitsuoka Koji , Mukamoto Masafumi , Nakamura Jun , Morioka Hiroshi , Morikawa Yoshio 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT Immunolocalization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor (EGFR) in the kidney of fetal rats from uninephrectomized mothers were examined. As the index of proliferative activity, PCNA positive cell ratios in glomeruli and proximal tubules were determined. In the fetuses from uninephrectomized mothers and sham‐operated mothers, the PCNA positive cells were seen predominantly in the nephrogenic zone of the kidney. On fetal day 22, the PCNA positive cell ratio in the glomerulus of the fetus from uninephrectomized mothers (E fetus) was significantly lower than that in the glomerulus of the fetus from sham‐operated ones (C fetus). The proximal tubular cells showed positive reaction to EGF and EGFR antibodies in both fetuses. On fetal day 22, the reactions of the proximal tubules to EGF and EGFR antibodies were stronger in E fetus than in C fetus.These results indicate that maternal uninephrectomy causes decreased proliferative activity of the glomerulus and increased reactions of the proximal tubules to EGF and EGFR antibodies in fetal rat kidney, suggesting accelerated development of the kidney.
Immunological evaluation and clinical aspects of children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Numazaki Kei , Fujikawa Tomoko , Asanuma Hideomi 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT  To determine the ability of immunological response to human cytomegalovirus (CMV), the flow cytometric assay was evaluated as a tool for real‐time monitoring of specific cellular immunity in children with congenital CMV infection. Longitudinal cohort study of 2 children with asymptomatic and 2 with symptomatic congenital CMV infection evaluated at birth and followed up with serial age‐appropriate neurodevelopmental testing. Frequencies of CMV‐specific CD4+ T cell in these children were detected by intracellular cytokines (ICC), interferon (IFN)‐γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, staining.Findings detected by CT and MRI were the most sensitive predictor for neurodevelopmental prognosis. Frequencies of CMV‐specific CD4+ T cells detected by ICC, both IFN‐γ and TNF‐α, were higher in 2 children with symptomatic congenital CMV infection than those in 2 children with asymptomatic congenital infection. Frequencies of CMV‐specific CD4+ T cells in 2 children with symptomatic congenital infection were significantly higher than those in 6 healthy children of 1 to 5‐years of age with serum anti‐CMV IgG antibody without serum anti‐CMV IgM antibody and viral excretion in to urine (p < 0.01). The ICC assay reflects immunological activity against CMV infection in children with asymptomatic or symptomatic congenial infection. Categorizing findings obtained by the ICC assay may helps to determine the prognosis of children with congenital CMV infection.
The nebulosity and distance of the Cepheid RS Puppis
Authors: Feast Michael W. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Adopting a distance for RS Pup derived from a period-luminosity relation based on Cepheid parallaxes, it is shown that the phase-lag observations of the surrounding nebulosity by Kervella et al. are well fitted by a model of an equatorial disc at an angle of to the plane of the sky. The astrophysical implications of this are briefly mentioned.
An accretion disc model for quasar optical variability
Authors: Li Shuang-Liang , Cao Xinwu 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Some different correlations between optical-ultraviolet (UV) variability and other quasar properties, such as luminosity, black hole mass and rest-frame wavelength, were discovered. The positive correlation between optical-UV variability amplitude and black hole mass was first found by Wold et al., and this was confirmed by Wilhite et al. We suggest that the accretion disc model can explain these correlations, provided the optical-UV variability is triggered by the change of accretion rate. The disc temperature of accretion discs decreases with increasing black hole mass, which leads to systematical spectral shape difference with black hole mass even if the black hole is accreting at the same rate . The observed positive correlation between optical-UV variability and black hole mass can be well reproduced by our model calculations, if the mean accretion rate with variation of . We also found that the observed correlations of optical-UV variability amplitude with luminosity or rest-frame wavelength can be qualitatively explained by this accretion disc model.
Pediatric overweight or obesity: Does the label really matter?
Authors: Waldrop Julee , Ferguson Laurie Anne 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPurpose: To discuss the issue of early identification of overweight and obesity in infants and young children and provide some clinical recommendations based on the current evidence and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) newly released guidelines for growth and development.Data sources: Comparison of the growth charts from the WHO and the Centers for Disease Control as well as current literature.Conclusions: Although healthcare providers and the general public recognize overweight and obesity as serious problems, there is still disagreement on what constitutes obesity in infants and young children and when and how to intervene. More research on interventions and outcomes is particularly needed.Implications for practice: The primary care provider deals with the sequelae of obesity on a daily basis. Some recommendations are provided for nurse practitioners who care for infants and children based on current evidence and expert opinion.
The prevalence and pattern of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in perimenopausal and menopausal women
Authors: Infantino Mary 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPurpose: To determine the prevalence and describe the pattern of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms in premenopausal‐, perimenopausal‐, and menopausal‐age women.Data sources: Three tools were used to collect data: the Menopause Rating Scale, a standardized, self‐administered 11‐item scale that assesses the presence of menopausal symptoms and their impact on quality of life; the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, a standardized, self‐administered 15‐question survey that inquires about both lower and upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms; and the Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ), a self‐administered 14‐question survey currently being evaluated in the United States as a specific diagnostic tool for GERD that specifically addresses upper GI symptoms of discomfort. Additionally, GERD were correlated with vasomotor, vaginal, genitourinary, and other menopausal symptoms using multiple regression analysis to assess the relationships between GERD and menopausal symptoms.Conclusions: Approximately 497 women between the ages of 25 and 60 years completed the surveys. The prevalence of GERD symptoms was high in this sample. Almost 42% of perimenopausal and 47% of menopausal participants complained of upper GI symptoms. Although perimenopausal and menopausal women had higher percentages of GERD diagnosis as compared to premenopausal women, 80% of the perimenopausal and menopausal groups had never been diagnosed with an upper GI disorder. A post hoc analysis of RDQ results demonstrated that patients with menopause had significantly more upper GI discomfort. Overall, this study found that menopausal women were 2.9 times more likely to have GERD symptoms.Implications for practice: These findings are strongly suggestive of a hormonal link between perimenopausal and menopausal states and increasing GERD symptoms. Women of all ages should be screened for symptoms of GERD, especially in the perimenopausal and menopausal population of women because diagnosis of GERD is often not made or misdiagnosed. The impact on the quality of life of women experiencing GERD symptoms cannot be underestimated.