bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dibarium Magnesium Diphosphate Yellow Phosphor Applied in InGaN-based LEDs
Authors: Wu Zhanchao , Gong Menglian , Shi Jianxin , Wang Gang , Su Qiang 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
An efficient yellow-emitting phosphor, Eu2+-doped Ba2Mg(PO4)2, is reported. Its excitation band is extending from 250 to 450 nm, which is adaptable to the emission band of near-UV LED chips (350–420 nm). Upon 367-nm light excitation, the phosphor exhibits a strong yellow emission centered at 576 nm. A bright yellow LED was fabricated by incorporating the phosphor with an InGaN-based NUV chip. All the characteristics suggest that Ba2Mg(PO4)2:Eu2+ is a good yellow phosphor candidate for creating white light in phosphor converted white LEDs.
Unique Effects of 2,3,5,6,7,8-Hexasilabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl Moiety on Photophysical Properties of π-Conjugated System
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Kawaguchi Tomoaki , Oda Katsunari , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
We prepared 2,3,5,6,7,8-hexasilabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl-substituted biphenyl, terphenyl, and tolan, and observed that introduction of the polysilacage group into arenes induced bathochromic shifts of absorption maxima and enhancement of molecular extinction coefficients, compared with the parent π-conjugated arenes, in addition to increase in fluorescence quantum yields.
Preparation, Structural Characterization, and Reactivities of (Digermanyl)lithium. Its Application to the Synthesis of Bis(1,1-diphenyl-2,2,2-trimethyldigermanyl)platinum(II)
Authors: Mochida Kunio , Ogawa Satoshi , Naito Noriaki , Gaber Abd El-Al , Usui Yoko , Nanjo Masato 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
(Pentamethyldigermanyl)lithium (Me3GeGeMe2Li, 1a) and (1,1-diphenyl-2,2,2-trimethyldigermanyl)lithium (Me3GeGePh2Li, 1b) were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The structure of (digermanyl)lithium 1b was established by X-ray diffraction. The reaction of 1b with cis-PtCl2(PMe2Ph)2 gave the expected substitution product, trans-Pt(Me3GePh2Ge)2(PMe2Ph)2.
One-pot Synthesis of Main Chain-type Polyrotaxane Containing Cyclodextrin Wheels
Authors: Arai Takayuki , Takata Toshikazu 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Polyrotaxane possessing cyclodextrin wheels was prepared in one pot through the initial threading complexation of polytetrahydrofuran axle and α-cyclodextrin wheel followed by the end-capping reaction of the terminal amino groups of the axle with a bulky isocyanate in water.
The Aldol Type Reaction Catalyzed by Arylmalonate Decarboxylase —A Decarboxylase can Catalyze an Entirely Different Reaction, Aldol Reaction—
Authors: Terao Yosuke , Miyamoto Kenji , Ohta Hiromichi 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The catalytic promiscuity of AMDase was demonstrated using a well-designed substrate based on the consideration of the reaction mechanism. As the reaction catalyzed by AMDase is supposed to proceed via an enolate intermediate, we expected that the enzyme promotes the aldol type reaction when an acceptor is properly arranged, which turned out to be true.
A Facile Route to Mesoporous Carbon Catalyst Support Modified with Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Tian Ye , Li Guo-Dong , Gao Qian , Xiu Yang , Li Xin-Hao , Chen Jie-Sheng 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Magnetically separable ordered mesoporous carbon with Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which were grafted on the outer surface of the mesoporous carbon material CMK-3, was prepared through a facile route. The catalytic performance for hydrogenation of cyclohexene to cyclohexane validates the mesoporous nanocomposite material as a promising magnetically separable catalyst support.
Quantitative Trait Locus That Determines the Cross-Sectional Shape of the Femur in SAMP6 and SAMP2 Mice
Authors: Otsuki Bungo , Matsumura Takuro , Shimizu Motoyuki , Mori Masayuki , Okudaira Shuzo , Nakanishi Rika , Higuchi Keiichi , Hosokawa Masanori , Tsuboyama Tadao , Nakamura Takashi 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
We segregated a QTL on chromosome 11 that affects femoral cross-sectional shape during growth by generating a congenic strain and an additional 16 subcongenic strains of the senescence-accelerated mouse strain, SAMP6. The QTL region was narrowed down to a 10.0-Mbp region.
Introduction: Genetic background is known to affect bone characteristics. However, little is known about how polymorphic genes modulate bone shape. In a previous study using SAMP2 and SAMP6 mice, we reported a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome (Chr) 11 that had significant linkage to peak relative bone mass in terms of cortical thickness index (CTI) in male mice. We named it Pbd1. Here we aimed to clarify the effects of Pbd1 on skeletal phenotype in male mice and to narrow down the QTL region.
Materials and Methods: We generated a congenic strain named P6.P2-Pbd1b, carrying a 39-cM SAMP2-derived Chr11 interval on a SAMP6 genetic background. Sixteen subcongenic strains with smaller overlapping intervals on the SAMP6 background were generated from P6.P2-Pbd1b to narrow the region of interest. The effects of Pbd1 on bone properties were determined. Gene expression analysis of all candidate genes in Pbd1 was performed using real-time RT-PCR.
Results: The CTI of strain P6.P2-Pbd1b at 16 wk was higher than that of SAMP6. This was not caused by differences in cortical thickness but by cross-sectional shape. Morphological analysis by μCT revealed that the femoral cross-sectional shape of P6.P2-Pbd1b (and the other subcongenic strains with higher CTI or bone area fraction [BA/TA]) was more compressed anteroposteriorly than that of SAMP6, which was associated with superior mechanical properties. This feature was formed during bone modeling up to 16 wk of age. Subcongenic strains with a higher CTI showed significant increases in endocortical mineral apposition rate and significant reductions in periosteal mineral apposition rate at 8 wk compared with those of the SAMP6. The Pbd1 locus was successfully narrowed down to a 10.0-Mbp region, and the expression analysis suggested a candidate gene, Cacng4.
Conclusions: The Pbd1 affects femoral cross-sectional shape by regulating the rate of endocortical and periosteal bone formation of the femur during postnatal growth.
Plasma Homocysteine, Folate, and Vitamin B12 and the Risk of Hip Fracture: The Hordaland Homocysteine Study
Authors: Gjesdal Clara Gram , Vollset Stein Emil , Ueland Per Magne , Refsum Helga , Meyer Haakon E , Tell Grethe S 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Homocysteine and related factors were evaluated as risk factors for subsequent hip fractures among 4766 elderly men and women. High levels of homocysteine and low levels of folate predicted fracture, whereas vitamin B12 and genotypes were not related to fracture risk. High homocysteine may be a modifiable risk factor for hip fracture.
Introduction: Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and deficiencies of folate and vitamin B12 are associated with risk of osteoporosis and fracture. We examined whether plasma levels of tHcy, folate, and vitamin B12 and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C→T and 1298C→T polymorphisms predicted hip fracture.
Materials and Methods: This was a population-based prospective study of 2639 women and 2127 men who were 65–67 yr at enrollment in 1992–1993. Information on hip fracture was obtained from computerized records of discharge diagnoses from all hospitalizations in the region in the period between enrollment and November 30, 2005. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate fracture risk according to levels of plasma tHcy, folate, and vitamin B12 and for different genotypes.
Results: Over a median follow-up period of 12.6 yr, hip fracture was recorded in 184 (7.0%) women and 90 (4.2%) men. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) for fracture in subjects with high (≥15 μM) compared with low levels (&lt;9.0 μM) of tHcy was 2.42 (1.43–4.09) among women and 1.37 (0.63–2.98) among men. Dose-response analyses indicated a positive association between plasma tHcy and risk of fracture in both sexes and a negative association between plasma folate and risk of fracture among women only. Plasma vitamin B12 level or MTHFR genotype was not significantly related to risk of fracture after adjustments for confounding factors. The association between tHcy and risk of hip fracture was only slightly weakened by adjustments for plasma levels of vitamin B12 and folate.
Conclusions: tHcy seems to be a predictor for hip fracture among elderly men and women. Folate was a predictor among women only, whereas vitamin B12 and MTHFR genotype did not predict hip fracture. Our data corroborate the hypothesis that homocysteine may play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoporotic fractures.
Novel LRP5 Missense Mutation in a Patient With a High Bone Mass Phenotype Results in Decreased DKK1-Mediated Inhibition of Wnt Signaling*
Authors: Balemans Wendy , Devogelaer Jean-Pierre , Cleiren Erna , Piters Elke , Caussin Emanuelle , Van Hul Wim 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
We found a novel heterozygous missense mutation (M282V) in the LRP5 gene in a patient with a high bone mass phenotype. In vitro studies suggest that a reduced antagonistic effect of DKK1 on canonical Wnt signaling contributes to the molecular effect of this mutation and its pathogenic consequence.
Introduction: Gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding LDL receptor–related protein 5 (LRP5) cause high bone mass. Recent studies revealed that a reduced inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling by Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) contributes to the pathophysiology of this disease phenotype.
Materials and Methods: We report on a 55-yr-old female patient with a high bone mass phenotype. Sequencing of exons 2–4 of the LRP5 gene was carried out to screen for disease-associated mutations in genomic DNA of the patient. The effect of the identified mutation on LRP5 membrane trafficking was studied by immunoblotting of a truncated form of LRP5. Additionally, Wnt signal activation in the absence and presence of DKK1 was assessed using a TCF4-based reporter gene assay in Saos-2 cells.
Results: Our patient presents with dense bones (Z-scores &gt; +6), and radiographic examination showed a generalized thickening of the skeleton. BMD at the hip and lumbar spine significantly decreased through the passage to menopause, indicating no protection to bone loss. Further clinical evaluation revealed torus palatinus. Mutation analysis showed the presence of a novel heterozygous missense variant (844A→G; M282V) in LRP5, located in the first β-propeller domain of the extracellular portion. Although protein secretion seemed to be impaired, this mutant was able to transduce Wnt signals at levels comparable with wildtype LRP5. We additionally observed a less efficient inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling by DKK1.
Conclusions: Like all high BMD–associated gain-of-function LRP5 mutations described thus far, the M282V variant affects an amino acid located in the first β-propeller domain, underlining the functional importance of this region in the pathophysiology of these conditions. This mutation most likely alters a region important for LRP5 modulation by DKK.
Survival of Juvenile Rainbow Trout Passing through a Francis Turbine
Authors: Dedual Michel 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The immediate survival rate of juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (fork length, 81 ± 1 mm) that passed through a Francis turbine at Hb Dam on the Hinemaiaia River in the central North Island of New Zealand was estimated at 95.6 ± 1.1% (mean ± SE). The survival rate decreased to 93.1 ± 1.4% after 24 h and remained unchanged after 96 h. The survival rate was derived using maximum likelihood estimators for a tag–recapture model involving three releases of 200 fish of similar average length, and the mortality due to handling was estimated using a control of 200 similarly sized fish. The high survival of juvenile rainbow trout (&lt;80 mm) passing through the Francis turbine at Hb power station provides a safe route for fish migrating downstream from Hb Lake into the Hinemaiaia River and Lake Taupo.
Electrofishing Capture Probability of Smallmouth Bass in Streams
Authors: Dauwalter Daniel C. , Fisher William L. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Abundance estimation is an integral part of understanding the ecology and advancing the management of fish populations and communities. Mark–recapture and removal methods are commonly used to estimate the abundance of stream fishes. Alternatively, abundance can be estimated by dividing the number of individuals sampled by the probability of capture. We conducted a mark–recapture study and used multiple repeated-measures logistic regression to determine the influence of fish size, sampling procedures, and stream habitat variables on the cumulative capture probability for smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu in two eastern Oklahoma streams. The predicted capture probability was used to adjust the number of individuals sampled to obtain abundance estimates. The observed capture probabilities were higher for larger fish and decreased with successive electrofishing passes for larger fish only. Model selection suggested that the number of electrofishing passes, fish length, and mean thalweg depth affected capture probabilities the most; there was little evidence for any effect of electrofishing power density and woody debris density on capture probability. Leave-one-out cross validation showed that the cumulative capture probability model predicts smallmouth abundance accurately.
Capecitabine
Authors: Schellens Jan H.M. 
Published: February 2007

Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Identify the main toxicity profile associated with capecitabine therapy.Identify the main clinical indications for capecitabine therapy.Identify the populations at risk for severe toxicity from capecitabine therapy.CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Salvage Therapy in Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Byrne Brian J. , Gockerman Jon P. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Hodgkin's disease is a rare malignancy that affects approximately 7,500 patients per year in the U.S., leading to an estimated 1,400 deaths. The relapse rate for this disease varies from around 5% for early-stage disease to 35% for patients with advanced disease. Patients who relapse after chemotherapy have about a 20% cure rate with conventional salvage chemotherapy. Two randomized phase III studies have shown an improved failure-free survival rate with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell support compared with conventional chemotherapy in relapsed patients. They failed to show any improvement in overall survival. For patients who experience failure with autologous transplant, the options of single-agent chemotherapy with gemcitabine, vinblastine, or vinorelbine can be used for palliation. Standard myeloablative allogeneic bone marrow transplant has a high mortality rate in this population. Allogeneic transplant regimens with reduced intensity are currently being studied in clinical trials. Further studies on the use of monoclonal antibodies and radiolabeled antibodies need to be conducted to define their role in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
Management of Gastroesophageal Tumors
Authors: Gee Denise W. , Rattner David W. 
Published: February 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the surgical management of carcinoma of the esophagogastric junction and discuss the role of neoadjuvant multimodal therapy in the treatment of these tumors.Provide an overview of the classification of gastroesophageal tumors.Describe the latest developments in the diagnosis and staging of gastroesophageal tumors as well as newer options for palliative therapy.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
New, Expanded, and Modified Use of Approved Antineoplastic Agents in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Markman Maurie 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Over the past several years, clinical research efforts in ovarian cancer employing a number of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antineoplastic agents have permitted the development of approaches that both improve the effectiveness and decrease the toxicities of systemic therapy of ovarian cancer. These initiatives, including prospective trials and retrospective examinations of large clinical experience, have involved agents previously approved by the FDA for use in ovarian cancer (e.g., cisplatin, paclitaxel, topotecan, and liposomal doxorubicin) and the development of new strategies for drugs approved for other malignant conditions (e.g., gemcitabine, docetaxel, etoposide, irinotecan, vinorelbine, and bevacizumab). It can be anticipated that future studies involving novel approved agents will further expand the oncologist's weapons against ovarian cancer.
Sorafenib and Sunitinib in the Treatment of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Gridelli Cesare , Maione Paolo , Del Gaizo Filomena , Colantuoni Giuseppe , Guerriero Ciro , Ferrara Carmine , Nicolella Dario , Comunale Daniela , De Vita Alba , Rossi Antonio 
Published: February 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the molecular mechanisms of action, safety profile, rationale for NSCLC treatment, and main current evidence in NSCLC treatment using the multikinase inhibitors sorafenib and sunitinib.Summarize the main clinical trials performed with sorafenib and sunitinib in the treatment of solid tumors.Describe the clinical trials performed with sorafenib and sunitinib in NSCLC and suggest the future clinical development of these two drugs in the treatment of NSCLC.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Genetic Polymorphisms of the Epidermal Growth Factor and Related Receptor in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer—A Review of the Literature
Authors: Araújo António , Ribeiro Ricardo , Azevedo Isabel , Coelho Ana , Soares Marta , Sousa Berta , Pinto Daniela , Lopes Carlos , Medeiros Rui , Scagliotti Giorgio V. 
Published: February 2007

Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the role played by EGF and EGFR in lung carcinogenesis.Discuss how different polymorphic alleles from the EGF and EGFR genes may affect drug response.Evaluate the value of determining the presence of EGF and EGFR polymorphisms in NSCLC patients for daily clinical practice.CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Understanding the New Genetics of Responsiveness to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Toschi Luca , Cappuzzo Federico 
Published: February 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Select a patient candidate for a tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.Describe the mechanism of action of gefitinib and erlotinib.Discuss the role of clinical and biological factors as determinants for sensitivity or resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung cancer.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Fatigue Experiences in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients During Six Weeks of Stereotactic Radiotherapy
Authors: Lai Yeur-Hur , Shun Shiow-Ching , Hsiao Ya-Li , Chiou Jeng-Fong , Wei Lin-Lin , Tsai Jo-Ting , Kao Chung-Yu 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Purpose. To compare fatigue experiences and related factors during the first 6 weeks of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for liver cancer patients with and without fatigue before SRT.
Patients and Methods. Subjects (n = 91) were liver cancer patients receiving SRT at two teaching hospitals in northern Taiwan. Data were collected at seven times: the week before SRT (T0) and the end of each of the first 6 weeks of SRT (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6). Study variables were fatigue intensity, fatigue interference (with patients’ daily life), functional status, symptom distress, sleep disturbance, depressive status, radiation dose, stage of cancer, and selected laboratory data.
Results. Subjects were divided at T0 into two groups by fatigue level: those without (group 1, n = 32) and with (group 2, n = 59) pretreatment fatigue distress. Patients in group 2 had higher levels of fatigue intensity and interference than did patients in group 1. Both groups had similar patterns of fatigue interference, peaking at T5. However, patterns of average fatigue intensity differed slightly. In group 2, fatigue intensity remained constant until T3 and then increased to a peak at T5. In group 1, fatigue intensity increased to a peak between T4 and T5. Generalized estimating equation analysis showed significant differences between groups in fatigue intensity and interference across 6 weeks. Examination of factors related to fatigue after SRT indicated that sleep disturbance significantly predicted both fatigue intensity and interference in group 1, but depressive status, overall symptom distress, and education level predicted fatigue intensity and interference for group 2.
Conclusion. Liver cancer patients with or without fatigue before treatment had different fatigue experiences across 6 weeks of radiation therapy. Fatigue experiences of liver cancer patients receiving SRT can be better understood through future studies exploring patients’ long-term fatigue changes and responses to fatigue-management interventions.
Ion-pair chromatographic monitoring of photographic effluents
Authors: Kesiũnaitė Giedrė , Pranaitytė Birutė , Padarauskas Audrius , Dikčius Arvydas , Ragauskas Romas 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Ion-pair chromatographic technique was developed for the rapid and simple determination of the main contaminants (bromide, iodide, sulphite, thiosulphate, thiocyanate, iron(III)-EDTA chelate, free EDTA, hydroquinone and phenidone) in spent photographic solutions. Free EDTA was converted into stable Ni(II)-EDTA chelate prior to analysis. The optimal mobile phase conditions were established by varying the concentrations of tetrabutylammonium (TBA) phosphate and acetonitrile, pH and ionic strength. Separation of five inorganic anions, two metal chelates and two neutral compounds was accomplished in about 30 min using a mobile phase containing 7.5 mmol/L TBA-phosphate, 10 mmol/L NaCl (pH 6.5) and 20% (v/v) acetonitrile. The detection limits (UV detection at 210 nm) ranged from 0.4 µmol/L for phenidone to 8 µmol/L for sulphite with a linearity of 2–2.5 orders of magnitude. The method was applied to the rapid monitoring of spent photographic solutions before and after decomposition. The recovery tests established for two samples were within the range 95–103%.
Quantization of gauge fields through fibre bundle multiconnectivity
Authors: Khalifa Ouassim , Gauthier Claude 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
A geometric model for the quantum nature of interaction fields is proposed. We utilize a trivial fibre bundle whose typical fibre has a multiconnectivity characterized by a discrete group Γ. By seeing Γ as a gauge group with global action on each fibre, we show that the corresponding field strength is non-zero only on the future part of the light cone whose vertex is at the interaction point. When the interaction is submitted to the symmetries of a Lie group G, we consider the gauge group G x Γ. The field strength of the gauge having this group includes a term expressing the quantization of the interaction field described by G. This geometric interpretation of quantization makes use of topological arguments similar to those applied to explain the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Two examples show how this interpretation applies to the cases of electromagnetic and gravitational fields.