bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study on yield and chemical composition of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) using different levels of manure application
Authors: LUBIS Ahmad Darobin , KUMAGAI Hajime 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTThe effects of three levels of manure application (0, 4 and 8 ton/10 a) with basic fertilizer (N : P : K = 10:10:10 kg/10 a) on the yield and chemical composition of maize (Pioneer 32K61) and sorghum (FS501) forages were examined in 2 successive years, 2001–2002. Maize was harvested at yellow ripe stage, while sorghum at dough stage. Dry matter yield (DMY) of sorghum was significantly higher than that of maize in both 2001 and 2002. Although, DMY of both sorghum and maize were not significantly affected by manure levels in 2001, they increased with the level of manure in 2002. Maize had higher levels of crude protein (CP) and lower crude fiber concentration than those of sorghum in both 2001 and 2002. Manure application had no effect on chemical compositions of both maize and sorghum except for CP in both years and organic a fraction (Oa) concentration in 2002. The higher manure application might have greater effects on sorghum and maize production because of higher DMY in the second year without any increase in fiber fraction.
Comparison of heat production and plasma lipid metabolites between meat‐ and egg‐types of Nagoya breed chicken during embryonic development
Authors: SATO Momoka , NODA Kenji , KINO Katsutoshi , NAKAMURA Akihiro , FURUSE Mitsuhiro 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTWe compared heat production (HP) and plasma lipid metabolites between meat‐ and egg‐types of Nagoya breed chickens during embryonic development. To investigate HP and respiratory quotient, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured using an open‐circuit calorimeter system. HP was significantly lower in meat‐ than in egg‐type chickens during embryonic development, and HP gradually decreased with developmental stage in both types. The respiratory quotient was constant at approximately 0.68 at every embryonic stage investigated, and the value was similar in both types. Plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol, nonesterified fatty acid, glycerol and D‐3‐hydroxybutyrate, which are associated with lipid metabolism, were similar in both types during embryonic development. These results demonstrate that chicken embryos selected for rapid growth of Nagoya breed have characteristic lower HP, and that when selecting chickens for rapid growth, HP is an important parameter during embryonic stages.
Number and density of retinal photoreceptor cells with emphasis on oil droplet distribution in the Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos var. domesticus)
Authors: RAHMAN Mohammad Lutfur , AOYAMA Masato , SUGITA Shoei 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTThis study was intended to determine the number and regional distribution of photoreceptor cells and different colored oil droplets in the retina of the Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos var. domesticus). To estimate the number and density of photoreceptor cells, adult ducks were killed and both eyes were enucleated under deep anesthesia to prepare Nissl‐stained retinal whole‐mount samples. Different colored oil droplets were counted from color microphotographs of the freshly prepared retina. The mean number of retinal photoreceptors was approximately 6 308 828 ± 521 927, with a peak density of 33 573/mm2 in the central retina. The density was similar in the nasal, temporal, ventral and dorsal areas of the retina. Five types of oil droplets were identified on the basis of color: red, orange, greenish‐yellow, yellow and clear. The mean density of oil droplets was highest in the central retina (17 639/mm2) and gradually declined towards the nasal, temporal, ventral and dorsal areas. The size of oil droplets gradually increased with retinal eccentricity and varied even within an area. The greenish‐yellow oil droplets were most abundant across the retina. Taken together, these results demonstrate the differential retinal distribution of photoreceptor cells and oil droplets in duck retina. We conclude that the area of high photoreceptor cell density, which is matched by high neuron densities of the ganglion cell layer, corresponds to the site of acute vision in duck retina.
Microbiota of ‘airag’, ‘tarag’ and other kinds of fermented dairy products from nomad in Mongolia
Authors: UCHIDA Kenji , HIRATA Masahiro , MOTOSHIMA Hidemasa , URASHIMA Tadasu , ARAI Ikichi 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTThe traditional fermented dairy products were collected from three nomadic families in Donto‐Govi prefecture in Mongolia (central Mongolia), and those microbiota were analyzed. These samples consist three of ‘airag’, two of ‘tarag’, two of ‘isgelen tarag’ and ‘qoormog’, and some cheeses. In airag, Lactobacillus (L.) helveticus, L. kefiri, and Saccharomyces (S.) dairensis were common, and L. paracasei, L. plantarum, L. farciminis, S. cerevisiae, Issachenkia (I.) orientalis, Kluyveromyces (K.) wickerhamii were also found. In tarag, isgelen tarag and qoormog, L. helveticus, L. kefiri, L. fermentum, L. paracasei and L. acetotolerance were found. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus was also found in one tarag and one qoormog samples. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis showed that there were diversity in each L. helveticus family and products, and there were common strains found in airag and tarag in the same family.
Comparative study of the characteristics of the carcass and the meat of the Chato Murciano pig and its cross with Iberian pig, reared indoors
Authors: GALIÁN Miguel , PEINADO Begoña , MARTÍNEZ Carmen , PERIAGO María J. , ROS Gaspar , POTO Angel 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTThe Chato Murciano pig is a breed catalogued as a Special Protection breed in danger of extinction. At present it is commonly reared in an intensive system. We have studied the mineral composition and other characteristics of its carcass and meat. Samples from the Musculus longissimus lumborum were taken from a total number of 43 animals, divided into two groups, Chato Murciano and Chato Murciano crossed with Iberian, reared in a conventional indoor system. The resulting meat of the Chato Murciano pig and its cross with Iberian was especially rich in iron and copper, rich in phosphorus, and marginally poor in calcium and sodium. The evolution of the pH of the carcass was that of pigs which do not produce PSE (pale, soft and exudative) meat. Some relevant positive correlation coefficients between minerals (P ≤ 0.05) have been found.
Preserving boiled eggs with a sterilization system employing microbial laccase and wood vinegar
Authors: SAKAGUCHI Hiromichi , UYAMA Naoto , UYAMA Hiroshi 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTA combination of a microbial laccase and wood vinegar was used to treat the shell surface of boiled eggs. The laccase enhanced the sterilization effect of phenolic compounds contained in the wood vinegar and resulted in prevention of microbial infection of the boiled eggs after storage for 21 days at 40°C and 75% relative humidity. Significant phenoxy radicals, formed by the catalytic reaction of the laccase, could be detected in the shell of the boiled eggs.
Marker‐assisted selection for forelimb‐girdle muscular anomaly of Japanese Black cattle
Authors: MASOUDI Ali Akbar , UCHIDA Kazuyuki , YOKOUCHI Kou , MIYADERA Keiko , OGAWA Hiroyuki , SUGIMOTO Yoshikazu , KUNIEDA Tetsuo 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTForelimb‐girdle muscular anomaly is a hereditary disorder of Japanese Black cattle characterized by tremors and astasia caused by hypoplasia of the forelimb‐girdle muscles. The locus responsible for this disorder has been mapped on a middle region of bovine chromosome 26. In this study, we applied marker‐assisted selection to identify the carriers of this disorder. Four microsatellite markers, DIK4440, BM4505, MOK2602 and IDVGA‐59, linked to the disorder locus were genotyped in 37 unaffected offspring of a carrier sire. Transmission of the mutant or wild‐type allele of the disorder locus of the sire to the 37 offspring was determined by examining the haplotypes of these markers. The results showed that nine and 18 of the 37 animals possessed the paternally transmitted mutant and wild‐type alleles, respectively, and therefore, the nine animals with the mutant allele were identified as carriers. We concluded that the marker‐assisted selection using these four markers can be applied for the identification of the carriers of forelimb‐girdle muscular anomaly of Japanese Black cattle.
Catherine of Siena's Teaching on Self‐Knowledge
Authors: McDermott Thomas 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOne of Catherine of Siena's principal teachings is self‐knowledge, i.e., knowledge of oneself and knowledge of God. Catherine adapted the Christian spiritual tradition on the subject and presented it anew using a number of ingenious images such as a well, a cell within a cell, a peaceful sea, a mirror. So important was self‐knowledge in her life and teaching that she came to regard it as virtually prayer itself.
Phenomenal Theology
Authors: Danaher James P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe no longer believe that the mind is a blank slate that simply records sense‐data as given. Over the last two centuries, we have become increasingly aware of the fact that we bring something to what is given to us in experience. It is what we bring to our experience in the form of our conceptual perspective that molds and shapes our understanding or interpretation of the experience. This is especially true of religious experience. What is given in our God experiences is from God, but our interpretive understanding and reaction to our God experiences are uniquely our own. This paper considers several aspects of religious experience from such a phenomenal perspective.
Charity Begins at Home … an Ecclesiological Assessment of Pope Benedict's First Encyclical
Authors: Mannion Gerard 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis article offers an ecclesiological assessment of Pope Benedict's first encyclical, Deus Caritas Est. It draws parallels with an earlier papal encyclical, also, on charity and suggests that the attention in the latter to the exercise of charity within the Catholic church is a much needed supplement to Benedict's attention to what the church might teach the ‘world’ad extra about charity. Indeed, the article suggests that the Catholic church must strive all the more to be truly a sacrament (both a sign and mediation) of that love that constitutes the very threefold being of God, both ad intra and ad extra. But, first and foremost, the church must learn to exercise such love within its own confines before it can hope to teach those in the wider human family anything about charity. The promise of applied trinitarian ecclesiology in serving such ends is highlighted.
Practice and Givenness: The Problem of ‘Reduction’ in the work of Jean‐Luc Marion
Authors: Rawnsley Andrew C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractJean‐Luc Marion's work has received plenty of critical attention in recent years. This paper returns to the core of Marion's project in a rather different way from many of the previous critiques by focussing on two troubling aspects of his work. Firstly, the way in which Marion conceives the relationship between phenomenology and theology is explored in the hope that Marion's missteps might illuminate the ongoing problem of the relationship between philosophy and theology; secondly, the major methodological move which Marion makes, that of linking givenness to phenomenological reduction, is critically examined. This latter critique is the main purpose of the paper, since it is apparent that the role which reduction plays in Marion's phenomenology, when seen under the rubric of a philosophical practice, also indicates one possible route towards the clarification of the first problem, that of the relationship between philosophy and theology.
Patterns of Primary Succession of Native and Introduced Plants in Lowland Wet Forests in Eastern Hawai‘i
Authors: Zimmerman Naupaka , Flint Hughes R. , Cordell Susan , Hart Patrick , Chang Heather Kalei , Perez David , Like Ryan Kaipoalohaakala , Ostertag Rebecca 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTThe majority of Hawaii's lowland wet forests no longer exist, with many of the last remaining patches found on the eastern, windward sides of the largest islands. To better understand successional patterns and invasion in these native systems, we quantified basal area (BA) and densities of woody species and understory cover at nine sites in the Puna district on the Island of Hawai‘i, representing age gradients of native stand development on both ‘a’ā and pāhoehoe lava flows. On both flow types, BA of native species increased (from 5 to 50 m2/ha) and stem densities decreased (from 3700 to 2600 stems/ha) with increasing stand/flow age. Both native and introduced species compositions diverged between substrate types on older flows. We found that lowland wet native forests remain at least partially intact in several locations, but their functional and compositional integrity is increasingly compromised by invasion of nonnative species, such as Psidium cattleianum and Melastoma candidum, which become more common at sites greater than 300‐yr old. This time period may represent a threshold, after which abiotic environmental conditions no longer constrain recruitment of introduced species. On older flows, nonnative stem densities swamped those of native species by an order of magnitude, with nonnative stems (height > 1.3 m) achieving densities as high as 18,000 stems/ha. In addition, all stands lacked recruitment of native woody species in the understory, suggesting that without management, the native componentsof these forests may soon no longer be self‐sustaining.
Regulatory Mechanisms of Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 in Parathyroid Diseases
Authors: Imanishi Yasuo , Kobayashi Keisuke , Kawata Takehisa , Inaba Masaaki , Nishizawa Yoshiki 
Published: October 2007

Abstract:  Fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23) is a circulating factor regulating phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis. Phosphate intake and an administration of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) increase circulating FGF‐23 levels, and elevated FGF‐23 prevents hyperphosphatemia and vitamin D toxicity by hyperphosphaturia and suppression of circulating 1,25(OH)2D level, comprising a feedback loop to maintain phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis. Excess secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), another phosphaturic factor, elevates the serum calcium level in primary hyperparathyroidism. PTH also elevates circulating FGF‐23 level, which cooperatively enhances the phosphaturia, resulting in hypophosphatemia.The circulating FGF‐23 level increases as renal function declines in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and it exhibits significant and positive correlations with serum phosphate, calcium, and PTH in CKD patients on maintenance hemodialysis, suggesting that these parameters regulate circulating FGF‐23 level. Tight associations between circulating FGF‐23 and calcium levels were observed both in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and in CKD patients on maintenance hemodialysis, suggesting the role of serum calcium on FGF‐23 regulatory mechanisms. FGF‐23 may have a physiological role in preventing tissue damage such as ectopic calcifications, partly via suppressing the serum calcium × phosphate product by accelerating urinary phosphate excretion and suppressing vitamin D activation.
Formation of the Galactic globular clusters with He-rich stars in low-mass haloes virialized at high redshift
Authors: Bekki Kenji , Yahagi Hideki , Nagashima Masahiro , Forbes Duncan A. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Recent observations have reported that the Galactic globular clusters (GCs) with unusually extended horizontal-branch (EHB) morphologies show a significantly lower velocity dispersion compared with that of the entire Galactic GC system. We consider that the observed distinctive kinematics of GCs with EHB has valuable information on the formation epochs of GCs and accordingly discuss this observational result based on cosmological N-body simulations with a model of GC formation. We assume that GCs in galaxies were initially formed in low-mass haloes at high redshifts and we investigate final kinematics of GCs in their host haloes at z= 0. We find that GCs formed in haloes virialized at z &gt; 10 show lower velocity dispersions on average than those formed at z &gt; 6 for haloes with GCs at z= 0. We thus suggest that the origin of the observed lower velocity dispersion for the Galactic GCs with EHBs is closely associated with earlier formation epochs (z &gt; 10) of haloes initially hosting the GCs in the course of the Galaxy formation. Considering that the origin of EHBs can be due to the presence of helium-enhanced second-generation stars in GCs, we discuss the long-standing second parameter problem of GCs in the context of different degrees of chemical pollution in GC-forming gas clouds within low-mass haloes virialized at different redshifts.
Did we observe the supernova shock breakout in GRB 060218?
Authors: Ghisellini G. , Ghirlanda G. , Tavecchio F. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The early optical data of GRB 060218 (the first 105 s after the trigger) have been interpreted as blackbody emission associated with the shock breakout of the associated supernova. If so, it is possible to infer lower limits to the bolometric luminosity and energetics of such a blackbody component. These limits, which are independent of the emissivity time dependence, are tighter for the very early data and correspond to energetics ∼1051 erg, too large to be produced by the breakout of a supernova shock. A further problem with the above interpretation concerns the luminosity of the observed X-ray blackbody component. It should be produced, in the shock breakout interpretation, as blackbody emission of approximately constant temperature from a surface area only slowly increasing with time. Although it has been suggested that, assuming anisotropy, the long duration of the X-ray blackbody component is consistent with a supernova shock breakout, the nearly constant size of the emitting surface requires some fine tuning. These difficulties support an alternative interpretation, according to which the emission follows the late dissipation of the fireball bulk kinetic energy. This in turn requires a small value of the bulk Lorentz factor.
On the 2007 July flare of the blazar 3C 454.3
Authors: Ghisellini Gabriele , Foschini Luigi , Tavecchio Fabrizio , Pian Elena 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
In 2007 July, the blazar 3C 454.3 underwent a flare in the optical, reaching R∼ 13 on July 19. Then the optical flux decreased by one magnitude, being R∼ 14 when the source was detected by the gamma-ray satellite AGILE, which observed the source on July 24–30. At the same time, the Swift satellite performed a series of snapshots. We can construct the simultaneous spectral energy distribution using optical, ultraviolet, X-ray and gamma-ray data. These show that an increased gamma-ray flux is accompanied by a weaker optical/X-ray flux with respect to the flare observed in the spring of 2005 by INTEGRAL and Swift. This confirms earlier suggestions about the behaviour of the jet of 3C 454.3.
Building a Compact, Low‐Cost, and Portable Peristaltic Sampling Pump
Authors: Woessner William W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHydrogeologic research often involves obtaining water quality samples in field settings without vehicle access. Such conditions often require the use of a sampling pump. Researchers at The University of Montana have been using a handheld peristaltic pump powered by a rechargeable variable‐speed drill. This Montana Drill Pump (MDP) is highly portable and can be inexpensively built for about $225 to $295 (US). Over the last two decades, the pump has been used to sample and filter (as appropriate) surface water and ground water for analyses of general inorganic and organic chemistry, stable and radioactive isotopes, pathogens, and trace pharmaceuticals and to develop small‐diameter wells and sample suction lysimeters. The MDP provides researchers and educators with an economical tool to pump water in classrooms, laboratories, and field settings.
Determination of First‐Order Degradation Rate Constants from Monitoring Networks
Authors: Beyer Christof , Chen Cui , Gronewold Jan , Kolditz Olaf , Bauer Sebastian 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this article, different strategies for estimating first‐order degradation rate constants from measured field data are compared by application to multiple, synthetic, contaminant plumes. The plumes were generated by numerical simulation of contaminant transport and degradation in virtual heterogeneous aquifers. These sites were then individually and independently investigated on the computer by installation of extensive networks of observation wells. From the data measured at the wells, that is, contaminant concentrations, hydraulic conductivities, and heads, first‐order degradation rates were estimated by three 1D centerline methods, which use only measurements located on the plume axis, and a two‐dimensional method, which uses all concentration measurements available downgradient from the contaminant source. Results for both strategies show that the true rate constant used for the numerical simulation of the plumes in general tends to be overestimated. Overestimation is stronger for narrow plumes from small source zones, with an average overestimation factor of about 5 and single values ranging from 0.5 to 20, decreasing for wider plumes, with an average overestimation factor of about 2 and similar spread. Reasons for this overestimation are identified in the velocity calculation, the dispersivity parameterization, and off‐centerline measurements. For narrow plumes, the one‐ and the two‐dimensional strategies show approximately the same amount of overestimation. For wider plumes, however, incorporation of all measurements in the two‐dimensional approach reduces the estimation error. No significant relation between the number of observation wells in the monitoring network and the quality of the estimated rate constant is found for the two‐dimensional approach.
A Simple Method for Locating the Fresh Water–Salt Water Interface Using Pressure Data
Authors: Kim Kue‐Young , Chon Chul‐Min , Park Ki‐Hwa 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSalt water intrusion is a key issue in dealing with exploitation, restoration, and management of fresh ground water in coastal aquifers. Constant monitoring of the fresh water–salt water interface is necessary for proper management of ground water resources. This study presents a simple method to estimate the depth of the fresh water–salt water interface in coastal aquifers using two sets of pressure data obtained from the fresh and saline zones within a single borehole. This method uses the density difference between fresh water and saline water and can practically be used at coastal aquifers that have a relatively sharp fresh water–salt water interface with a thin transition zone. The proposed method was applied to data collected from a coastal aquifer on Jeju Island, Korea, to estimate the variations in the depth of the interface. The interface varied with daily tidal fluctuations and heavy rainfall in the rainy season. The estimated depth of the interface showed a good agreement with the measured electrical conductivity profile.