bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of ROC curves based on stably distributed biomarkers subject to measurement error and pooling mixtures
Authors: Vexler Albert , Schisterman Enrique F. , Liu Aiyi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAdditive measurement errors and pooling design are objectively two different issues, which have been separately and extensively dealt with in the biostatistics literature. However, these topics usually correspond to problems of reconstructing a summand's distribution of the biomarker by the distribution of the convoluted observations. Thus, we associate the two issues into one stated problem. The integrated approach creates an opportunity to investigate new fields, e.g. a subject of pooling errors, issues regarding pooled data affected by measurement errors. To be specific, we consider the stated problem in the context of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis, which is the well‐accepted tool for evaluating the ability of a biomarker to discriminate between two populations. The present paper considers a wide family of biospecimen distributions. In addition, applied assumptions, which are related to distribution functions of biomarkers, are mainly conditioned by the reconstructing problem. We propose and examine maximum likelihood techniques based on the following data: a biomarker with measurement error; pooled samples; and pooled samples with measurement error. The obtained methods are illustrated by applications to real data studies. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kernel estimation of risk surfaces without the need for edge correction
Authors: Hazelton Martin L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractKernel estimates of relative risk surfaces can be used to examine the geographical variation of disease risk. These surfaces can be expressed as ratios of bivariate kernel density estimates constructed from case and control data, but care must be taken to avoid excessive bias at the boundaries of the region under study. It is possible to correct this bias, without the complications of explicit edge correction, through the use of a specific smoothing regimen. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The fit between product market strategy and business model: implications for firm performance
Authors: Zott Christoph , Amit Raphael 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe examine the fit between a firm's product market strategy and its business model. We develop a formal model in order to analyze the contingent effects of product market strategy and business model choices on firm performance. We investigate a unique, manually collected dataset, and find that novelty‐centered business models—coupled with product market strategies that emphasize differentiation, cost leadership, or early market entry—can enhance firm performance. Our data suggest that business model and product market strategy are complements, not substitutes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doing well by doing good—case study: ‘Fair & Lovely’ whitening cream
Authors: Karnani Aneel 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAccording to the ‘doing well by doing good’ proposition, firms have a corporate social responsibility to achieve some larger social goals, and can do so without a financial sacrifice. This research note empirically examines this proposition by studying in depth the case of ‘Fair & Lovely,’ a skin whitening cream marketed by Unilever in many countries in Asia and Africa, and, in particular, India. Fair & Lovely is indeed doing well; it is a profitable and fast‐growing brand. It is, however, not doing good, and I demonstrate its negative implications for public welfare. I conclude with thoughts on how to reconcile this divergence between private profits and public welfare. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competing in the looking‐glass market: imitation, resources, and crowding
Authors: Dobrev Stanislav D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractI examine two dominant processes of organizational interdependence—imitation and resource competition—and develop a theory that integrates predictions about firms' propensity to change market locations based on both. The cornerstone of the model is the argument that both processes operate concurrently and are driven by the departure of peer firms from a shared resource space. I also argue that the imitation effect, which reflects shared perceptions and interpretations among ecologically proximate peers, hinges on the competitive intensity faced by each individual organization in its market location. Analyses of U.S. automobile manufacturers' moves between the industry's three main market segments confirm the predictions of the theory and point to the merits of using an ecological approach to the evolution of market segmentation and the formation of industry structure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement practices in financial software industry
Authors: Savioja Erkki , Tukiainen Markku 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMeasurement is practiced in a large number of software organisations. Measurement may have many purposes, e.g. it can have a business goal orientation and software improvement orientation. It is an essential part of the processes in a software company. One of its benefits is that it can be used for customer satisfaction and trust building to show the value creation that quality work has for the customer. Measurement alone will not improve the software process, but it is a necessary step to collect information on the state of affairs and to evaluate the effort in software improvement activities. In this article, we will describe a measurement program in effective use in a medium‐size Finnish software company, which combines in its measurement procedures business goal orientation and a dimension of software process improvement from the perspective of engineering processes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Invariant torsion properties of multistorey asymmetric buildings
Authors: Doudoumis I. N. , Athanatopoulou A. M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this paper significant invariant torsion properties of multistorey asymmetric diaphragm systems are presented and investigated, which do not depend on certain special characteristics of the structural system, but only on the vertical distribution of the lateral loading. The analytical study includes generalization of the application of existing formulas for finding the exact location of the optimum torsion axis, verification for its uniqueness, evaluation of the principal torsion directions for any position of the loading axis, and especially for the position of the optimum torsion axis. It also provides quantitative criteria to ascertain whether the diaphragm rotations in general are sufficiently small, when static analysis procedures of calculating the seismic response are going to be applied. Several numerical examples demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology, which helps to a better understanding of the torsional behaviour of multistorey buildings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A procedure for creep and shrinkage analysis of frames with low beam stiffness
Authors: Sharma R. K. , Nagpal A. K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAdjacent vertical members in tall buildings undergo differential time‐dependent deformations due to creep and shrinkage. These deformations result in differential deflections at floor levels and redistribution of forces. An available practical procedure in the literature to estimate these deformations, taking into account the sequential nature of the loading, utilizes the rate of creep method (RCM) to evaluate the stress transfer between concrete and steel. This procedure is designated as Procedure(RCM) and is prone to errors since the creep recovery of concrete is neglected in RCM. A more accurate procedure designated as Procedure(AEMM) using the age‐adjusted effective modulus method (AEMM) as a stress transfer method, and taking into account the sequential nature of the loading, is proposed. The proposed procedure is more accurate than Procedure(RCM) since creep recovery of concrete is considered in AEMM. Numerical studies are carried out in this paper to compare the results from these two procedures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new set of design aids for groups of four cylindrical silos due to interstice and internal loadings
Authors: Yuksel S. Bahadir , Arikan Serkan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe computation of design forces for reinforced concrete groups of four cylindrical silos requires significant computational effort due to continuity in the walls between adjacent silos. This paper presents a simple but accurate procedure for the computation of design forces acting on groups of four cylindrical silos due to stored materials. In this conjunction, finite element analyses were performed by using eight‐node solid elements for various groups of four cylindrical silos under interstice and internal loadings. The design forces at the prescribed sections of interstice and external walls were computed. The silo wall thicknesses, intersection wall thicknesses and intersection wall lengths of these grouped silos were varied with an extensive parametric study to demonstrate their influences on resultant design forces. Design formulas were proposed and dimensionless design coefficients were derived from the comprehensive series of finite element analyses considering the effect of continuity in the walls. The results were expressed in simplified form, so that the prediction of bending moments, axial forces and shear forces became straightforward for design purposes. In addition, the rigidity of the interstice walls was varied by changing the modulus of elasticity and the redistribution of design forces was investigated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocities and pulsatility index and the cerebroplacental pulsatility ratio: longitudinal reference ranges and terms for serial measurements
Authors: Ebbing C. , Rasmussen S. , Kiserud T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo establish reference ranges suitable for serial assessments of the fetal middle cerebral (MCA) and umbilical (UA) artery blood flow velocities, pulsatility index (PI) and cerebroplacental pulsatility ratio and to provide terms for calculating conditional reference intervals suitable for individual serial measurements.MethodsThis was a longitudinal study of 161 singleton pregnancies. Using Doppler ultrasound, MCA and UA blood velocities and PI were determined three to five times at 3–5‐week intervals over a gestational age range of 19–41 weeks. Polynomial regression lines for the 95th, 50th and 5th percentiles were calculated for the peak systolic velocity (PSV), time‐averaged maximum velocity (TAMXV), PI and cerebroplacental ratio. Terms for calculating conditional reference intervals were established.ResultsBased on 566 observations our new longitudinal reference ranges for fetal middle cerebral PSV, TAMXV and PI provided terms for calculating conditional reference intervals (i.e. predicting expected 95% confidence limits based on a previous measurement), and correspondingly for the cerebroplacental ratio (n = 550). The reference ranges were at some variance with those of previous cross‐sectional studies. The narrow 95% confidence limits for the 5th and 95th percentiles ensured reliable ranges.ConclusionsWe have established longitudinal reference ranges appropriate for the serial assessment of MCA blood velocities and PI and cerebroplacental ratio. Particularly the terms for calculating conditional ranges based on a previous observation make this system more appropriate for longitudinal monitoring than are cross‐sectional data. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Likelihood ratios for fetal trisomy 21 based on nasal bone length in the second trimester: how best to define hypoplasia?
Authors: Cusick W. , Shevell T. , Duchan L. S. , Lupinacci C. A. , Terranova J. , Crombleholme W. R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the best measure of fetal nasal bone hypoplasia for trisomy 21 risk assessment in the second trimester.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational study performed at a single institution between February 2003 and December 2005. Fetuses with nasal bone length recorded sonographically between 16 and 20.9 weeks and known karyotype were included. Definitions of nasal bone hypoplasia assessed included: non‐visualized nasal bone, nasal bone < 10th percentile, nasal bone < 2.5th percentile, biparietal diameter/nasal bone ratio ≥ 10 and ≥ 11 and nasal bone multiples of the median (MoM) ≤ 0.5, ≤ 0.6, and ≤ 0.7.ResultsA total of 371 chromosomally normal and 11 trisomy 21 fetuses were included. Nasal bone hypoplasia based on MoM was superior to the other measures of hypoplasia for trisomy 21 risk assessment as reflected by a higher positive likelihood ratio. The risk for fetal trisomy 21 was higher with greater degrees of nasal bone hypoplasia.ConclusionHypoplasia, as defined by MoM, is the superior approach when incorporating nasal bone evaluation into fetal trisomy 21 risk assessment in the second trimester. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors mimicking gynecological masses on ultrasound: a report of two cases
Authors: Pinto V. , Ingravallo G. , Cicinelli E. , Pintucci A. , Sambati G. S. , Marinaccio M. , D'Addario V. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are among the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Diagnosis of GIST on ultrasound examination can be difficult because of their similarity in appearance to gynecological neoplasms. We present two cases of GIST originating from the small bowel and the stomach, which were preoperatively misdiagnosed as a uterine leiomyoma and an ovarian tumor, respectively. The ultrasonographic differential diagnosis of these pelvic masses is discussed. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversed end‐diastolic flow in the umbilical artery at 10–14 weeks of gestation is associated with absent pulmonary valve syndrome
Authors: Berg C. , Thomsen Y. , Geipel A. , Germer U. , Gembruch U. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence of reversed end‐diastolic flow (REDF) in the umbilical artery in high‐risk first‐trimester pregnancies and evaluate associated conditions.MethodsThis was a prospective evaluation of the umbilical artery Doppler waveforms of 614 consecutive high‐risk pregnancies between 10 and 14 weeks of gestation, to determine those with REDF. The associated anomalies and characteristics of these fetuses were then investigated.ResultsIn 278/614 (45.3%) fetuses, there was positive end‐diastolic flow in the umbilical artery; in 331/614 (53.9%) end‐diastolic flow was absent and in 5/614 (0.8%) there was REDF. Three of the five fetuses with REDF had tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS) and a patent ductus arteriosus, and all three showed signs of cardiac failure, with reversed blood flow in the ductus venosus during atrial systole and generalized skin edema. Another fetus had a large ventricular septal defect and the remaining fetus had agenesis of the ductus venosus. Three fetuses had trisomy 18 and one had trisomy 13.ConclusionsREDF in the umbilical artery is very rare in early pregnancy and mostly occurs in association with major fetal vascular anomalies and cardiac defects, particularly TOF with APVS and patent arterial duct. We propose that the patency of the arterial duct in TOF with APVS leads to heart failure with subsequent demise early in pregnancy. Therefore, the frequent absence of the arterial duct observed in APVS in later pregnancy is more likely to be a result of early selection than a prerequisite for the development of this lesion as has been proposed previously. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel distributed MCDS approximation algorithm for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Xie Rong , Qi Deyu , Li Yongjun , Wang James Z. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSince finding the minimum connected dominating set (MCDS) in an arbitrary graph is a NP‐hard problem, many algorithms have been proposed to construct an approximation of the MCDS for efficient routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). To address the weaknesses of these existing algorithms, we propose a novel distributed MCDS approximation algorithm, CDS‐HG, to construct the connected dominating set (CDS) for WSNs. This algorithm models a WSN as a hierarchical graph and uses a competition‐based strategy to select nodes at a certain hierarchical level to route messages for nodes in the next level of the hierarchical graph. Formal analysis and simulation studies show that our CDS‐HG algorithm generates smaller CDS sizes while requiring less communication overhead compared with the existing distributed MCDS approximation algorithms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of {[Hg(RNNNR′)2]2}∞ [R = 4‐C2H5OC(O)C6H4, R′ = 2‐FC6H4] – an Asymmetric 1,3‐Diaryltriazenide Complex of Mercury(II) with 1D Supramolecular Arrangement through Hg‐η2,η2′‐Arene π–Interactions
Authors: Hörner Manfredo , Broch Fernanda , do Canto Visentin Lorenzo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe reaction of 1‐(4‐ethoxycarbonylphenyl)‐3‐(2‐fluorophenyl)triazene with mercury(II) acetate in the presence of potassium methanolate in methanol yields [Hg(RNNNR′)2] [R = 4‐C2H5OC(O)C6H4, R′ = 2‐FC6H4] as light‐yellow crystals. [Hg(RNNNR′)2] complex molecules are associated to [Hg(RNNNR′)2]2 dimeric units through centrosymmetric metal‐η2‐arene π‐interactions. The dimeric units – related to each other by translation – self‐assemble to one‐dimensional chains along to the crystallographic direction [110] through additional centrosymmetric metal‐η2‐arene π‐interactions giving rise to a supramolecular 1D arrangement. The [Hg(RNNNR′)2]2 dimeric units are also characterized by non‐classical intermolecular C‐H···O, and intramolecular C‐H···F hydrogen bonds involving the 4‐EtOC(O) and 2‐F substituents, respectively.
Chiral Metal Complexes with the Biologically Active (+)‐Pilocarpine Ligand: [MCl2(κN‐(+)‐pilocarpine)2] (M = Co, Cu)
Authors: Wisser Barbara , Janiak Christoph 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe enantiopure ligand (+)‐pilocarpine [(3S,4R)‐3‐ethyl‐dihydro‐4‐((1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐5‐yl)methyl)furan‐2(3H)‐one] from the chiral pool coordinates with the imidazole nitrogen atom to transition metal atoms. Complexes [MCl2(κN‐(+)‐pilocarpine)2] (M =Co, Cu) crystallize as pseudo‐tetrahedral (M = Co) or distorted in‐between tetrahedral and square‐planar (M = Cu) molecules. Supramolecular C‐H···Cl contacts are seen in the crystal packing. In aqueous solution the tetrahedral cobalt complex expands its coordination sphere to pseudo‐octahedral through the addition of two water molecules as indicated by the reversible color change between blue (solid, non‐aqueous solution) and pink.
Exploring the Interaction of Anthracene‐Containing Macrocyclic Chemosensors with Silver(I) and Cadmium(II) Ions – Photophysical and Structural Studies
Authors: Tamayo Abel , Oliveira Elisabete , Covelo Berta , Casabó Jaume , Escriche Lluís , Lodeiro Carlos 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe four anthracene‐containing macrocycles 7‐(9anthracenylmethyl)‐3,11‐dithia‐7,17‐diazabicyclo[11.3.1]heptadeca‐1(17),13,15‐triene (L1), 7‐(10‐methyl‐9‐anthracenylmethyl)‐3,11‐dithia‐7,17‐diazabicyclo[11.3.1]heptadeca‐1(17),13,15‐triene (L2), 7,7′‐[9,10‐anthracenediylbis(methylene)]bis‐3,11‐dithia‐7,17‐diazabicyclo[11.3.1]heptadeca‐1(17),13,15‐triene (L3), and 11,‐(anthracen‐9‐ylmethyl)‐1,4,7‐trithia‐11‐azacyclotetradecane (L4), have been explored as fluorescent chemosensors for the sensing of the d10 metal ions AgI and CdII. The compositions of the formed species have been determined from absorption and fluorescence titrations. The binding properties of L1 were also studied in the solid state. The synthesis and crystallographic characterization of complex [Cd(NO3)2(L1)] are discussed.
Reactions of Transition Metal Azido Complexes and their Reaction Products
Authors: Strähle Joachim 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTransition metal azido complexes can undergo various reactions of their azido group to yield interesting products. The cleavage of the Naα‐Nβ bond and elimination of molecular nitrogen can generate nitrido complexes like MoNCl3 or WNCl3, chloroiminato complexes like Cl3VNCl, or phosphoraneiminato complexes like [Cl4NbNPPh3]2 with metal nitrogen multiple bonds. The reductive elimination of the complete azido group on the other hand may produce metal(0) fragments which in case of gold(I) azido complexes can combine to form clusters.
[(Me3Si)2N]3Lu: Molecular Structure and Use as Lu and Si Source for Atomic Layer Deposition of Lu Silicate Films
Authors: Scarel G. , Wiemer C. , Fanciulli M. , Fedushkin I. L. , Fukin G. K. , Domrachev G. A. , Lebedinskii Y. , Zenkevich A. , Pavia G. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe molecular structure of tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]lutetium, [(Me3Si)2N]3Lu, is investigated. An agostic interaction is found between Lu and the Si atom of the silyl group. The performance of [(Me3Si)2N]3Lu as precursor to deposit Lu silicate layers by atomic layer deposition using either H2O or O3 as oxygen source is studied. Si incorporation in the films is revealed: [(Me3Si)2N]3Lu thermal decomposition and the mentioned agostic interaction contribute both to the phenomenon. [(Me3Si)2N]3Lu thermal decomposition also affects the growth rate of films deposited using H2O. The growth rate of films deposited using O3, especially at growth temperatures < 300 °C, is extremely high, probably because of the hydrogen atoms existing in [(Me3Si)2N]3Lu.
Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Co1.7Mn0.3(OH)PO4
Authors: de Pedro I. , Rojo J. M. , Lezama L. , Rojo T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCo1.7Mn0.3(OH)PO4 has been prepared under mild hydrothermal conditions and characterized from powder X‐ray diffraction. IR data are characteristic of three distinct features corresponding principally to the vibrations of the hydroxide and [PO4]3− anions. UV‐Visible studies show the existence of bands ascribed to the chromophores of Co ions in two coordination polyhedra, octahedral and trigonal bipyramidal. The magnetic behaviour indicates the existence of antiferromagnetic interactions as predominant. Magnetization measurements show the presence of two maxima at 65 K and 9 K, respectively. The first peak was attributed to a three‐dimensional antiferromagnetic ordering and the second one reveals the possible existence of a spin‐glass like state. The substitution of Co2+ (S = 3/2) by Mn2+ (S = 5/2) ions at about 15 % keeps the two magnetic transitions observed in the non‐substituted phase. ZFC‐FC curves show magnetic irreversibility at temperatures just below TN due to the spin decompensations in Co1.7Mn0.3(OH)PO4. The remanent magnetization indicates higher ferromagnetic interactions at lower temperatures than that observed in the ordered Co2(OH)PO4 phase. These results could be attributed to the existence of a spin‐glass state similar to that exhibited by the Co2(OH)PO4 and substituted Co2−xMx(OH)PO4 (M = Ni, Cu; x = 0.1−0.3) compounds. A comparative magnetic study with the analogous Ni2+ (S = 1) and Cu2+ (S = 1/2) phases is carried out.