bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The social and ethical aspects connected with e‐space development
Authors: Wielki Janusz 
Published: December 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is, firstly, an analysis of the behavior of entities operating in the virtual space (termed in the paper “e‐space”) which has emerged and has been continuously developing around the internet (understood in a purely technical way as a global network infrastructure) and, secondly, to create a framework of the impact of these entities on an organization, especially in the context of emerging new ethical challenges. The motivation for undertaking this research was a lack of literature on such a holistic approach to this important problem facing contemporary organizations and the systematization of these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe framework proposed in the paper was developed based on analyses of case studies of organizations from various industries which use the internet and the inter‐related mobile infrastructure. To create this framework the stakeholder theory and the cost‐benefit analysis approach were used.FindingsThe basic findings of the paper include a classification of the entities operating in e‐space and a taxonomy of the possible influences they may have on an organization. It is intended that the proposed framework be tested in selected industries.Practical implicationsIt seems that the holistic approach presented in this paper has significant practical implications for the increasing number of organizations utilizing the on‐line environment in their business practices, offering them a far better understanding of the whole complexity of problems and challenges connected with the e‐economy phenomena.Originality/valueThe new and original aspects of the paper are the introduction and defining of the term e‐space; a classification of the elements operating there and the proposal of a taxonomy of the possible types of influence of these entities on an organization.
Amt2 Permease Is Required To Induce Ammonium-Responsive Invasive Growth and Mating in
Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Rutherford Julian C. , Lin Xiaorong , Nielsen Kirsten , Heitman Joseph 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT

The conserved AmtB/Mep/Rh family of proteins mediate the transport of ammonium across cellular membranes in a wide range of organisms. Certain fungal members of this group are required to initiate filamentous growth. We have investigated the functions of two members of the AmtB/Mep/Rh family from the pathogenic basidiomycete
Cryptococcus neoformans
. Amt1 and Amt2 are low- and high-affinity ammonium permeases, respectively, and a mutant lacking both permeases is unable to grow under ammonium-limiting conditions.
AMT2
is transcriptionally induced in response to nitrogen limitation, whereas
AMT1
is constitutively expressed. Single and double
amt
mutants exhibit wild-type virulence in two models of cryptococcosis. Consistent with this, the formation of two
C. neoformans
virulence factors, cell wall melanin and the extracellular polysaccharide capsule, is not impaired in cells lacking either or both of the Amt1 and Amt2 permeases. Amt2 is, however, required for the initiation of invasive growth of haploid cells under low-nitrogen conditions and for the mating of wild-type cells under the same conditions. We propose that Amt2 may be a new fungal ammonium sensor and an element of the signaling cascades that govern the mating of
C. neoformans
in response to environmental nutritional cues.
Combination of Two Regulatory Elements in the
Tetrahymena thermophila HSP70-1
Gene Controls Heat Shock Activation
Authors: Barchetta Sabrina , La Terza Antonietta , Ballarini Patrizia , Pucciarelli Sandra , Miceli Cristina 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT

The induction of heat shock genes (
HSP
s) is thought to be primarily regulated by heat shock transcription factors (HSFs), which bind target sequences on HSP promoters, called heat shock elements (HSEs). In this study, we investigated the 5′ untranslated regions of the
Tetrahymena thermophila HSP70-1
gene, and we found, in addition to the canonical and divergent HSEs, multiple sets of GATA elements that have not been reported previously in protozoa. By means of in vivo analysis of a green fluorescent protein reporter transgene driven by the
HSP70-1
promoter, we demonstrate that HSEs do not represent the minimal regulatory elements for heat shock induction, since the
HSP70-1
is tightly regulated by both HSE and GATA elements. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay also showed that HSFs are constitutively bound to the HSEs, whereas GATA elements are engaged only after heat shock. This is the first demonstration by in vivo analysis of functional HSE and GATA elements in protozoa. Furthermore, we provide evidence of a functional link between HSE and GATA elements in the activation of the heat shock response.
Galactosyl Transferases in Mycobacterial Cell Wall Synthesis
Authors: Beláňová Martina , Dianišková Petronela , Brennan Patrick J. , Completo Gladys C. , Rose Natisha L. , Lowary Todd L. , Mikušová Katarína 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT

Two galactosyl transferases can apparently account for the full biosynthesis of the cell wall galactan of mycobacteria. Evidence is presented based on enzymatic incubations with purified natural and synthetic galactofuranose (Gal
f
) acceptors that the recombinant galactofuranosyl transferase, GlfT1, from
Mycobacterium smegmatis
, the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Rv3782 ortholog known to be involved in the initial steps of galactan formation, harbors dual β-(1→4) and β-(1→5) Gal
f
transferase activities and that the product of the enzyme, decaprenyl-P-P-GlcNAc-Rha-Gal
f
-Gal
f
, serves as a direct substrate for full polymerization catalyzed by another bifunctional Gal
f
transferase, GlfT2, the Rv3808c enzyme.
Evolution of Acetoclastic Methanogenesis in
Methanosarcina
via Horizontal Gene Transfer from Cellulolytic
Clostridia
Authors: Fournier Gregory P. , Gogarten J. Peter 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT

Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that two genes required for acetoclastic methanogenesis,
ackA
and
pta
, were horizontally transferred to the ancestor of
Methanosarcina
from a derived cellulolytic organism in the class
Clostridia
. This event likely occurred within the last 475 million years, causing profound changes in planetary methane biogeochemistry.
Regulation of the
yjjQ
-
bglJ
Operon, Encoding LuxR-Type Transcription Factors, and the Divergent
yjjP
Gene by H-NS and LeuO
Authors: Stratmann Thomas , Madhusudan S. , Schnetz Karin 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT

The
yjjQ
and
bglJ
genes encode LuxR-type transcription factors conserved in several enterobacterial species. YjjQ is a potential virulence factor in avian pathogenic
Escherichia coli
. BglJ counteracts the silencing of the
bgl
(β-glucoside) operon by H-NS in
E. coli
K-12. Here we show that
yjjQ
and
bglJ
form an operon carried by
E. coli
K-12, whose expression is repressed by the histone-like nucleoid structuring (H-NS) protein. The LysR-type transcription factor LeuO counteracts this repression. Furthermore, the
yjjP
gene, encoding a membrane protein of unknown function and located upstream in divergent orientation to the
yjjQ
-
bglJ
operon, is likewise repressed by H-NS. Mapping of the promoters as well as the H-NS and LeuO binding sites within the 555-bp intergenic region revealed that H-NS binds to the center of the AT-rich regulatory region and distal to the divergent promoters. LeuO sites map to the center and to positions distal to the
yjjQ
promoters, while one LeuO binding site overlaps with the divergent
yjjP
promoter. This latter LeuO site is required for full derepression of the
yjjQ
promoters. The arrangement of regulatory sites suggests that LeuO restructures the nucleoprotein complex formed by H-NS. Furthermore, the data support the conclusion that LeuO, whose expression is likewise repressed by H-NS and which is a virulence factor in
Salmonella enterica
, is a master regulator that among other loci, also controls the
yjjQ-bglJ
operon and thus indirectly the presumptive targets of YjjQ and BglJ.
Genetic and Functional Properties of the Self-Transmissible
Yersinia enterocolitica
Plasmid pYE854, Which Mobilizes the Virulence Plasmid pYV
Authors: Hammerl Jens A. , Klein Iris , Lanka Erich , Appel Bernd , Hertwig Stefan 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT

Yersinia
strains frequently harbor plasmids, of which the virulence plasmid pYV, indigenous in pathogenic strains, has been thoroughly characterized during the last decades. Yet, it has been unknown whether the nonconjugative pYV can be transferred by helper plasmids naturally occurring in this genus. We have isolated the conjugative plasmids pYE854 (95.5 kb) and pYE966 (70 kb) from a nonpathogenic and a pathogenic
Yersinia enterocolitica
strain, respectively, and demonstrate that both plasmids are able to mobilize pYV. The complete sequence of pYE854 has been determined. The transfer proteins and
oriT
of the plasmid reveal similarities to the F factor. However, the pYE854 replicon does not belong to the IncF group and is more closely related to a plasmid of gram-positive bacteria. Plasmid pYE966 is very similar to pYE854 but lacks two DNA regions of the larger plasmid that are dispensable for conjugation.
House, Wife, Woman, and Time
Authors: Klippel Heike 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHousework and scholarly work have many aspects in common, however strong the differences may be. They are usually performed in an enclosed, more or less private space, and they share problems in their temporal structuring. One difficulty for the temporality is its oscillation between autonomy and heteronomy, another problem is fragmentation, and the near impossibility of scheduling the internal processes of the work. What are the consequences if we look at the scholar as houseworker? Like the housewife the scholar has to face doubts about the productivity of his/her work, and questions about how he/she is actually spending her time. This means a feminization of scholarly work from which criticism of the traditional attitudes towards this type of work can be developed. Instead of believing that a well written article or a book is a piece of work with a status of its own in the world we can take into consideration that it might just as well not last longer than the neatly made bed. Ideas, after all, are volatile and in constant movement, and therefore in a permanent contradiction to the organisation of the academy – like housework and reproductive work are at odds with temporal economy.
On the Nature of Time in Conceptual and Computational Nervous Systems
Authors:   Hancock
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe central premise of the present paper is that the spectacular failure to create a fully functional artificial intelligence results from a fundamental misunderstanding of the nature of time in relation to living systems. Unlike the sterile and purely chronometric conception that is subsumed in the central, clock referent system of most current computational machines, intelligence and especially human intelligence is erected on a tri-level, integrated system of temporal processing capacities. Here, I present the fundamental nature and manner of integration of these three, evolution-driven mechanisms which help life cope with the vagaries of uncertain but not totally unpredictable environments. The implications for the development of effective artificially-intelligent machines are discussed.
Asinus Philosophans : Platonic Philosophy and the Prologue to Apuleius' Golden Ass
Authors: Kirichenko Alexander 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis article offers a new interpretation of the role of philosophy in Apuleius' Golden Ass. Its main contention is that references to philosophers and philosophical texts in the novel are neither gratuitous nor are they meant to imbue the text with a deep allegorical meaning; on the contrary, they are invariably used to enhance the novel's comic effect and thus, paradoxically, serve to warn the reader against the temptation to read the novel as a straightforward philosophical allegory. Particular attention is paid to the novel's prologue, which is shown to anticipate this overall tendency.
Social Movement Unions and Political Parties (in South Africa and the Philippines): A Win-Win Situation?
Authors: Schiavone Michael 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSocial movement unionism is increasingly being seen as the strategy that US unions should adopt. However, what is often forgotten is that social movement unionism originated in the Third World. As part of the strategy it is argued that unions should form alliances with political parties. However, by analyzing the alliances between the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the African National Congress (ANC), and the Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU) and the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) I argue that union alliances with political parties have badly damaged social movement unions.
Challenging the Orthodoxy: African Development in the Age of Openness
Authors: Moudud Jamee , Botchway Karl 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDoes trade openness necessarily lead to income convergence between countries in the North and South and hence facilitates social development? This paper challenges this claim with regards to African development in the age of neo-liberalism. The paper argues that a one-sided reading of the history of an early phase of globalization by advocates of neo-liberalism seems to have turned trade openness into a mantra for African development. Furthermore the paper challenges the rhetoric of competitiveness that underpins the rationale for neo-liberalism by critiquing the neoclassical model of competition. The neo-liberal policy position, as the paper suggests is problematic at an empirical level also. In a test for convergence for eleven sub-Saharan African countries described as good adjusters by advocates of trade openness, the paper shows that a straightforward openness per se guarantees nothing as far their growth rates are concerned. Rather this paper suggests that the role of the “developmental state” needs to be brought back in order to facilitate the international competitiveness of African countries. It will be argued that such a role for the developmental state rests on a very different conceptualization of the nature of capitalist competition and growth. In the final instance, then, we suggest the need for building a theory of the developmental state that rests on non-neoclassical macro- and micro-foundations.
Doctor's Order: An Early Modern Doctor's Alchemical Notebooks
Authors: Timmermann Anke 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis is a case study on a series of at least thirty-four sixteenth-century notebooks from the Sloane collection, which reconsiders early modern note taking techniques and the organisation of knowledge. These notebooks were written by an anonymous compiler, a physician who read widely in the alchemical and medical literature available in his lifetime, the late sixteenth century. In the alchemica, he devotes individual volumes to specific alchemical substances, which are connected with each other by means of a complex system of cross-referencing; they are constantly revised and change appearance according to the physician's latest ideas about alchemical medicines. As a result, the notebooks not only preserve received information (a task otherwise performed by commonplace books in this period)— they also represent an equivalent to the alchemical workshop, where the combination of different textual elements generates knowledge.
The Integrity of Mission in the Light of the Gospel: Bearing the Witness of the Spirit
Authors: Yung Hwa 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this opening Keynote Address at the 11th Quadrennial International Conference of the International Association for Mission Studies, Hwa Yung focuses on the extraordinary contemporary growth of the church in the developing (Two-Thirds) World, particularly in China where neither the attraction/allurements of western culture, nor the patronage of colonial powers has played a significant role. He suggests that people are drawn, and will continue to be drawn to Jesus through 'signs and wonders,' through the gospel's power to effect change in the individual, and through the Christian community's role as an agent for the social, economic and political transformation in the world.
Integrity of Mission in the Light of the Gospel: Bearing the Witness of the Spirit. Perspectives from Latin America
Authors: Paredes Tito 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this article, Peruvian Tito Paredes argues that the integrity of mission in Latin America will be enhanced and fostered to the extent that the churches seriously engage with culture, indigenous religious traditions and prioritize mission to the poor. This last dimension has important social as well as personal goals in the light of a wholistic vision and mission of the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
Integrity of Mission in the Light of the Gospel: Bearing the Witness of the Spirit An Asian Perspective
Authors: Ok Chun Chae 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe theme of integrity in mission from an Asian woman's perspective is explored by Korean theologian, Chun Chae Ok who identifies two important characteristics of women's mission. First, women's mission is usually exercised by poor women to other poor women. Second, women often console and comfort other women, a particularly important quality in Asia given the poverty and suffering that many women experience. Chun argues that the often marginalized or ignored story of women's mission needs to be told.
Integrity of Mission in the Light of the Gospel in Asia the Narratives of Jesus in the Living Stories of Asia
Authors: Kleden Leo 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIs mission still relevant in our contemporary situation? As more and more young missionaries come from Asia, what are the specific traits of their missionary approach? This article attempts to understand Christian mission from the key notion of dialogue, or more precisely "fourfold prophetic dialogue" as it was formulated in the SVD circle – dialogue with faith seekers, with the poor and marginalized, with people of different cultures, with people of other religions and ideologies. This dialogue, however, is possible only if we at the same time broaden our notion of the Word of God. This article ends by underscoring narrative as the prominent literary genre in which the Word of God is revealed and through which it should be proclaimed. Hence the three parts of the article: Listening to the Word of God, Dialogue as the Way of Mission, e Narratives of Jesus in the Living Stories of Asia.
Social Location of Attitudes Towards Human Rights Among South African Youth
Authors: Van Der Ven Johannes A. , Pieterse Hendrik J.C. , Dreyer Jaco S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn the previous article we inquired into the attitudes towards human rights of a group of 538 Grade 11 students in Anglican and Catholic church-affiliated schools in the Johannesburg/Pretoria region. We distinguished between civil, political and judicial rights, socio-economic rights, and environmental rights. In this article we examine the social location of these attitudes. We arrived at the following profile of students who favour human rights: they are female, come from the official indigenous language groups, and have been raised by parents who have a relatively high educational and occupational level, and are not self-employed. They prefer the ANC to other political parties, and are transethnically and post-materialistically oriented. Their attitude towards work is interest-oriented, definitely not money-oriented. They participate in a political culture of communication. With regard to religious characteristics, which are particularly relevant to their attitudes towards socio-economic rights, they are religiously socialised, involved in religious praxis and have open religious communication with their parents; but they are not intensely tied to a particular denomination nor do they regularly attend church services. At the same time, those who display these last two characteristics reject civil rights. With regard to interreligious interactions, the students who favour human rights, display multireligious orientations and reject monoreligious ones.
Biblical Authority Between Fundamentalism and Postmodernism: Elements of an Evolutionary Hermeneutics
Authors: Nürnberger Klaus 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAfter a brief critique of traditional and current approaches, this article proposes a new hermeneutic, here called below-the-text reading, which traces the evolutionary trajectories of soteriological paradigms, such as the exodus or the kingship, through a thousand years of biblical history. This method exposes and undercurrent of meaning manifesting itself through successive texts like a story unfolding through the series of frames in a film strip. The emergence and evolution of such paradigms in biblical history are due to the fact that the divine Word responds to human needs in all dimensions of life. Not the individual texts are canonical, it is argued, but the dynamic and direction of the undercurrent of meaning. By extrapolating its thrust to present predicaments, justice can be done both to the canonicity of historical scripture and the demands of modern situations.
Some Perspectives On Paul's Economic Vision Amidst Globalisation
Authors: Punt Jeremy 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn the post-Cold War and post-apartheid era in South Africa, global and local interest has arguably shifted from politics to economics. With an awareness of the current and formidable influence of globalisation on people's lives, Paul's letters should be reread with a view to identifying and formulating what emerges as his economic vision. This essay is a brief and preliminary investigation into how Pauline sentiments on economic matters could be brought into play with late twentieth-century globalisation.
The Past as Simulacrum in the Canonical Narratives of Christian Origins
Authors: Braun Willi 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis article meditates on the ambiguity of the concept of 'history' in Christian thought and in the historiography of Christian origins. After exploring the ambiguity of 'history', using Jesus as the illustrative case in point, it is argued that 'history' is itself the result of a complex process of historical production, a production of the kind that renders history, especially histories of highly valued origins, into narrative representations of believed-in imaginings, into mythographies that are nevertheless taken to be histories. Recognizing that history is fictioned to serve interests in the present turns history always into 'our' history, and recognizing, too, that this history is imagined to be history as it really was and the only history there can be- in effect turning the past into a simulacrum3/4. exposes 'history' as a mechanism for rationalising wordviews, social constitutions, and cultural preferences. Intellectually and morally, it exposes the fact that 'doing history' is never an innocent doing.