bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Microcapsules with Low Permeable Polypyrrole Skin Layer
Authors: Andreeva Daria V. , Gorin Dmitry A. , Shchukin Dmitry G. , Sukhorukov Gleb B. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSummary: The paper describes a perspective approach to significantly decrease permeability of polyelectrolyte multilayered capsules and, therefore, to make them more efficient for encapsulation of small molecule species. The polyelectrolyte shell modification by a dense polymer (polypyrrole) provides the capsule shell with water‐resistant and sufficient barrier properties. However, high brittleness of polypyrrole coatings demands more gentle capsule processing conditions. Magnetite iron oxide nanoparticles were used as a shell constituent to provide the capsules with magnetic properties and, therefore, to propose a mild technological protocol for capsule treating.CLSM image of TRITC filled PPy covered capsules prepared by magnetic sedimentation.magnified imageCLSM image of TRITC filled PPy covered capsules prepared by magnetic sedimentation.
NMR spectroscopic structure elucidation of the products of the reaction of 3‐(3‐aryl‐3‐oxopropenyl)‐ chromen‐4‐ones with 1,2‐phenylenediamine
Authors: Tóth Gábor , Simon András , Gondos Tímea , Lévai Albert , Jekö József , Andrási Ferenc 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe reaction of 3‐(3‐aryl‐3‐oxopropenyl)chromen‐4‐ones with 1,2‐phenylenediamine resulted in the unexpected formation of 10a‐aryl‐1,2,10,10a‐tetrahydrobenzo‐[4,5]‐imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐3‐yl(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1‐methanones. Their structure elucidation and complete 1H and 13C assignments have been performed by a combination of various one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR experiments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Realtime gesture recognition by selective control of visual interest points
Authors: Kirishima Toshiyuki , Sato Kosuke , Chihara Kunihiro 
Published: June 2006

AbstractTechniques for recognizing gestures in realtime are indispensable when constructing an interactive system that responds to nonverbal information from a user. In particular, in a virtual reality system, information related to the user's position, posture, and actions must be reflected immediately. Many conventional gesture recognition techniques have the essential problem that the processing frame rate decreases when the number of gestures to be recognized increases or the load due to the virtual reality system increases. In this paper, the authors resolve this problem by introducing a selective control technique for the visual interest points in the Quadruple Visual Interest Point Strategy (QVIPS), which is a gesture recognition method using multiple visual interest points. In evaluation experiments, they connected the proposed technique with a virtual reality system to show that video‐rate interaction with arbitrary images could be implemented. In addition, they used 24 basic sign language actions to show that the proposed technique exhibited robust recognition performance under various conditions in which the processing frame rate differed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(9): 100– 111, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10217
The MLCK‐mediated α1‐adrenergic inotropic effect in atrial myocardium is negatively modulated by PKCɛ signaling
Authors: Grimm Michael , Mahnecke Nina , Soja Friederike , El‐Armouche Ali , Haas Pascal , Treede Hendrik , Reichenspurner Hermann , Eschenhagen Thomas 
Published: June 2006

The present study examined the role of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), PKC isozymes, and inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3) receptor in the positive inotropic effect of α1‐adrenergic stimulation in atrial myocardium.
We measured inotropic effects of phenylephrine (0.3–300 μM) in isolated left atrial preparations (1 Hz, 37°C, 1.8 mM Ca2+, 0.3 μM nadolol) from male 8‐week FVB mice (n=200). Phenylephrine concentration‐dependently increased force of contraction from 1.5±0.1 to 2.8±0.1 mN (mean±s.e.m., n=42), which was associated with increased MLC‐2a phosphorylation at serine 21 and 22 by 67% and translocation of PKCɛ but not PKCα to membrane (+30%) and myofilament (+50%) fractions.
MLCK inhibition using ML‐7 or wortmannin right‐shifted the concentration–response curve of phenylephrine, reducing its inotropic effect at 10 μM by 73% and 81%, respectively.
The compound KIE1‐1 (500 nM), an intracellularly acting PKCɛ translocation inhibitor peptide, prevented PKCɛ translocation and augmented the maximal inotropic effect of phenylephrine by 40%. In contrast, inhibition of Ca2+‐dependent PKC translocation (KIC1‐1, 500 nM) had no effect. Chelerythrine, a PKC inhibitor, decreased basal force without changing the inotropic effect of phenylephrine.
The IP3 receptor blocker 2‐APB (2 and 20 μM) concentration‐dependently decreased basal force, but did not affect the concentration–response curve of phenylephrine.
These results indicate that activation of MLCK is required for the positive inotropic effect of α1‐adrenergic stimulation, that the Ca2+‐independent PKCɛ negatively modulates this effect, and that PKCα and IP3 receptor activation is not involved.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 148, 991–1000. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706803
Chronic 5‐HT6receptor modulation by E‐6837 induces hypophagia and sustained weight loss in diet‐induced obese rats
Authors: Fisas Angels , Codony Xavier , Romero Gonzalo , Dordal Alberto , Giraldo Jesus , Mercé Ramon , Holenz Jörg , Heal David , Buschmann Helmut , Pauwels Petrus Johan 
Published: June 2006

E‐6837 is a novel, selective and high‐affinity 5‐HT6receptor ligand (pKi: 9.13) whichin vitrodemonstrates partial agonism at a presumably silent rat 5‐HT6receptor and full agonism at a constitutively active human 5‐HT6receptor by monitoring the cAMP signaling pathway.The effects of chronic treatment with E‐6837 were determined in diet‐induced obese (DIO)‐rats on changes in body weight, food and water intake, plasma indices of comorbid risk factors, and weight regain on compound withdrawal. The centrally acting antiobesity drug, sibutramine, was used as the reference comparator.Sustained body weight loss and decreased cumulative food intake of DIO‐rats was observed with E‐6837 (30 mg kg−1, p.o., twice a day) during the 4‐week treatment period. The onset of the E‐6837 effect on body weight was slower than that of sibutramine (5 mg kg−1, p.o.), while its maximal effect was greater, that is −15.7 versus −11.0%.E‐6837‐induced weight loss was exclusively mediated by a decrease (31.7%) in fat mass, with a concomitant reduction (49.6%) in plasma leptin. Reduced obesity was also reflected in improved glycemic control.Although weight regain occurred after withdrawal from either compound, the body weights after E‐6837 (−6.6%) remained lower than after sibutramine (−3.8%) indicating that the greater efficacy of the former did not result in profound rebound hyperphagia/weight gain.These results show that the 5‐HT6receptor partial agonist, E‐6837, is a promising new approach to the management of obesity with the potential to produce greater sustained weight loss than sibutramine.British Journal of Pharmacology(2006)148, 973–983. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706807
Keuskamp and the Amsterdam Infant Ventilator
Authors: Hofland J. , Leendertse‐Verloop K. , Rupreht J. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryAt the First International Symposium on the History of Modern Anaesthesia (1982), Professor Keuskamp mentioned that the introduction of breathing machines for lung ventilation during operations had taken over ‘the tiresome handwork of ventilation’. This paper traces some aspects of Keuskamp's professional career and his role in the development of the Amsterdam Infant Ventilator. In 1974, Urban and Weitzner from the State University of New York reported that the ventilator was a reliable and effective constant‐volume paediatric ventilator. Other clinicians from the United States and Europe echoed this satisfactory clinical evaluation. At present, this paediatric ventilator is still in use for the initial ventilation of small infants and for the mechanical ventilation of different animal species in a variety of experimental settings.
Paraesthesia during the needle‐through‐needle and the double segment technique for combined spinal epidural anaesthesia*
Authors: Ahn H. J. , Choi D. H. , Kim C. S. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryParaesthesia during regional anaesthesia is an unpleasant sensation for patients and, more importantly, in some cases it is related to neurological injury. Relatively few studies have been conducted on the frequency of paraesthesia during combined spinal epidural anaesthesia. We compared two combined spinal epidural anaesthesia techniques: the needle‐through‐needle technique and the double segment technique in this respect. We randomly allocated 116 parturients undergoing elective Caesarean section to receive anaesthesia using one of these techniques. Both techniques were performed using a 27G pencil point needle, an 18G Tuohy needle, and a 20G multiport epidural catheter from the same manufacturer. The overall frequency of paraesthesia was higher in the needle‐through‐needle technique group (56.9% vs. 31.6%, p = 0.011). The frequency of paraesthesia at spinal needle insertion was 20.7% in the needle‐through‐needle technique group and 8.8% in the double segment technique group; whereas the frequency of paraesthesia at epidural catheter insertion was 46.6% in the needle‐through‐needle technique group and 24.6% in the double segment technique group.
Parent participation in paediatric rehabilitation treatment centres in the Netherlands: a parents’ viewpoint
Authors: Siebes R. C. , Wijnroks L. , Ketelaar M. , Van Schie P. E. M. , Gorter J. W. , Vermeer A. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAim  The importance of family‐centred care and services has been increasingly emphasized in paediatric rehabilitation. One aspect of family‐centred care is parent involvement in their child’s treatment. The aims of this study were (1) to describe how, and to what extent parents are involved in the paediatric rehabilitation treatment process in the Netherlands; (2) to determine the level of parents’ satisfaction about the services they and their child have received; and (3) to describe what ideas parents have to enhance their involvement in the treatment process.Methods  A total of 679 parents of children aged 1–20 years who participated in our longitudinal study on family centred care in the Netherlands. The children had various diagnoses and were treated in nine out of 23 Dutch paediatric rehabilitation centres. A random sample of 75 parents was interviewed within 4 weeks after completion of the Measure of Processes of Care and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire. A Quality of Care cycle with six stages was used to structure the evaluation.Results  The data showed that parents are involved in all stages of their child’s rehabilitation process in various ways. The average level of parent satisfaction about the services received was high. According to the interviewed parents, the communication between professionals and parents, parents’ involvement in goal setting, and parents’ involvement in treatment could be improved upon.Conclusion  Parents are to a large extent involved in all stages of the treatment process in Dutch paediatric rehabilitation settings. Although parents valued the services received, they suggested various ways to enhance parent participation.
Characterization of cells of the B lineage in the human adult greater omentum
Authors: Boursier Laurent , Montalto Stephen Attard , Raju Shanti , Culora Giuseppe , Spencer Jo 
Published: June 2006

SummaryPeritoneal B cells and their omental precursors play an important role in the immune response of the peritoneal cavity and mucosal surfaces in mice. We have previously shown that peritoneal and mucosal B lineage cells are unlikely to be significantly linked in humans. However, the status of the omentum remains unknown. Here, using immunohistochemistry, we observed that sparse, quiescent B cells and occasional clusters of B cells were present in the omentum and that plasma cells, predominantly with cytoplasmic immunoglobulin G (IgG), were present. We analysed sequences of immunoglobulin genes amplified using reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) from the normal human greater omentum, and describe the characteristics of variable region genes used by IgG, IgA and IgM. We focused on the properties of IgVH4 and IgVH5 families to allow comparisons of like with like between different Ig isotypes and cells from different immune compartments. We observed that the IgM genes were derived from a mixed population with mutated and unmutated immunoglobulin sequences. All IgVH4 and IgVH5 genes used by IgA and IgG from omental cells showed evidence of somatic hypermutation but the load of mutations was not significantly different to that seen in either the systemic or the mucosal compartments. The trends observed, including the dominance of IgG plasma cells, the IgA1/IgA2 ratio being biased towards IgA1, JH1 usage, and a moderate level of somatic mutations, link omental B lineage cells with the systemic compartment. These observations reinforce previous studies highlighting the difference between human and murine B‐cell compartments and their relationship to the mucosal immune system.
Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: insiders' perspectives
Authors: Fraser Danielle D. , Kee Carolyn C. , Minick Ptlene 
Published: June 2006

Aim.  This paper reports a study of the experiences of older adults with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with the aim of gaining an understanding of how the disease had affected their lives.Background.  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a major personal and public health burden and is the fifth cause of mortality worldwide. The brief encounters that healthcare professionals have with patients in hospitals, physicians’ offices and other outpatient settings are insufficient to be able to truly understand the challenges that people face in the attempt to integrate a chronic illness into their lives. Previous qualitative studies on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have tended to focus on specific problems associated with the disease, such as fatigue and social isolation.Method.  A hermeneutic phenomenological study was carried out with 10 older adults who participated in a local hospital's case management or pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Data were collected by interviews in 2003.Findings.  Three major themes were identified: Knowing What Works, Hanging On…Barely, and Losing Control–Gaining Control. The changes associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were described as increasingly challenging and even threatening to participants’ current lifestyles. The impact of dyspnoea was great and invaded almost every aspect of their lives. Participants identified the most effective methods to resolve shortness of breath.Conclusion.  People with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have had extensive experience of managing their disease and are familiar with techniques that have helped them integrate the illness and symptoms into their lives. Nurses can synthesize patient knowledge with nursing knowledge to assist patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to achieve their maximum quality of life.
Long-term V-band monitoring of the bright stars of M33 at the Wise Observatory
Authors: Shporer A. , Mazeh T. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
We have conducted a long-term V-band photometric monitoring of M33 on 95 nights during four observing seasons (2000–2003). A total number of 6418 light curves of bright objects in the range of 14–21 mag have been obtained. All measurements are publicly available. A total of 127 new variables were detected, of which 28 are periodic. 10 previously known non-periodic variables were identified as periodic, three of which are Cepheids, and another previously known periodic variable was identified as an eclipsing binary. Our derived periods range from 2.11 to almost 300 d. For 50 variables we have combined our observations with those of the DIRECT project, obtaining light curves of up to 500 measurements, with a time-span of ∼7 yr. We have detected a few interesting variables, including a 99.3 d periodic variable with a 0.04 mag amplitude, at the position of supernova remnant (SNR) 19.
The effects of presynaptic calcium channel modulation by roscovitine on transmitter release at the adult frog neuromuscular junction
Authors: Cho Soyoun , Meriney Stephen D. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractCalcium (Ca2+) influx through presynaptic calcium channels triggers transmitter release, and any alterations in the gating of these calcium channels results in changes in the magnitude of transmitter released. We used (R)‐roscovitine, a cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor that also appears to act directly on calcium channels, as a tool to modulate presynaptic calcium influx and study effects on transmitter release. We show that this compound increased the quantal content of acetylcholine released from the Rana frog motor nerve terminal (by 149%) without changing paired‐pulse facilitation (under low calcium conditions). In contrast, exposure to 3,4‐diaminopyridine (DAP; which similarly affects transmitter release by partially blocking potassium channels, altering the shape of the presynaptic action potential, and indirectly increasing calcium entry) increased paired‐pulse facilitation (by 23%). In addition, we show that (R)‐roscovitine predominately slowed deactivation kinetics of calcium current (by 427%) recorded from Xenopus frog motoneurons, and as a result, increased the integral of calcium channel current evoked by a physiological action potential waveform (by 44%). Because we did not observe any significant effects of structurally related cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors [(S)‐roscovitine or olomoucine] on evoked transmitter release or calcium current kinetics, it appears that these effects of (R)‐roscovitine are independent of cyclin‐dependent kinases (cdks). In summary, we hypothesize that (R)‐roscovitine effects on transmitter release at the adult frog neuromuscular junction (NMJ) are mediated by its effects on calcium channel gating, and these effects increase our understanding of calcium triggered secretion at this synapse.
Motherhood‐induced memory improvement persists across lifespan in rats but is abolished by a gestational stress
Authors: Lemaire V. , Billard J.‐M. , Dutar P. , George O. , Piazza P. V. , Epelbaum J. , Le Moal M. , Mayo W. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMotherhood modifies the biology and behavior of the female, a process which prepares the mother's cognitive systems that are needed for nurturance. It has recently been shown that motherhood enhances hippocampal‐mediated spatial learning and synaptic plasticity. Deleterious and long‐term effects of a stress experienced during gestation have been demonstrated on progeny. Surprisingly little is known about the effect of such stress on mothers. Here, we investigated the effect of gestational stress on the adaptive changes due to motherhood. Female rats were mated and stressed during the last week of gestation. Two weeks after weaning, they were submitted to behavioral tests or electrophysiological study. A group of females were then kept for 16 months after motherhood experience to study the long‐term effect of gestational stress and motherhood on memory when they were 22 months old. We confirm that a single motherhood experience selectively increases hippocampal‐mediated spatial memory during the entire lifespan of female rats and protects them from age‐associated memory impairments. However, we demonstrate that a stressful experience during gestation totally abolishes the positive effects of motherhood both on spatial memory and on hippocampal synaptic plasticity (long‐term potentiation). Environmental factors that induce biological vulnerability have negative effects even for fundamental biological behaviors.
Disparate cholinergic currents in rat principal trigeminal sensory nucleus neurons mediated by M1 and M2 receptors: a possible mechanism for selective gating of afferent sensory neurotransmission
Authors: Kohlmeier Kristi A. , Soja Peter J. , Kristensen Morten P. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractNeurons situated in the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus (PSTN) convey orofacial sensory inputs to thalamic relay regions and higher brain centres, and the excitability of these ascending tract cells is modulated across sleep/wakefulness states and during pain conditions. Moreover, acetylcholine release changes profoundly across sleep/wakefulness states and ascending sensory neurotransmission is altered by cholinergic agonists. An intriguing possibility is, therefore, that cholinergic mechanisms mediate such state‐dependent modulation of PSTN tract neurons. We tested the hypotheses that cholinergic agonists can modulate PSTN cell excitability and that such effects are mediated by muscarinic receptor subtypes, using patch‐clamp methods in rat and mouse. In all examined cells, carbachol elicited an electrophysiological response that was independent of action potential generation as it persisted in the presence of tetrodotoxin. Responses were of three types: depolarization, hyperpolarization or a biphasic response consisting of hyperpolarization followed by depolarization. In voltage‐clamp mode, carbachol evoked corresponding inward, outward or biphasic currents. Moreover, immunostaining for the vesicle‐associated choline transporter showed cholinergic innervation of the PSTN. Using muscarinic receptor antagonists, we found that carbachol‐elicited PSTN neuron hyperpolarization was mediated by M2 receptors and depolarization, in large part, by M1 receptors. These data suggest that acetylcholine acting on M1 and M2 receptors may contribute to selective excitability enhancement or depression in individual, rostrally projecting sensory neurons. Such selective gating effects via cholinergic input may play a functional role in modulation of ascending sensory transmission, including across behavioral states typified by distinct cholinergic tone, e.g. sleep/wakefulness arousal levels or neuropathic pain conditions.
Surface to subsurface freshwater connections: phylogeographic and habitat analyses of Cambarus tenebrosus, a facultative cave‐dwelling crayfish
Authors: Finlay J. B. , Buhay J. E. , Crandall K. A. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis study examined the phylogeography and population demographics of Cambarus tenebrosus, which has an unusually large distribution for a freshwater crayfish species, encompassing the Interior Lowlands and Cumberland Plateau of the eastern United States. This facultative cave‐dweller provides a unique perspective on the biologic connections between surface and subsurface freshwater ecosystems, which are considered to be highly imperiled due to pollution and habitat degradation. The 16S mitochondrial gene was sequenced for 233 individuals from 84 cave and 20 surface locations throughout the range, with most sampling concentrated around the Cumberland Plateau of the southern Appalachians, to assess conservation status of this species and examine the extent of gene flow between the two habitat types. Cave and surface populations formed a single monophyletic group relative to Cambarus striatus, and clades showed strong geographical associations, but lacked habitat structuring. Occupation of subterranean environments does not appear to be a recent event in the evolutionary history of the species. The large amount of genetic diversity within the species, coupled with its ability to inhabit surface and subsurface environments, suggests that this species may pose a threat as a possible invasive species in other karst‐dominated landscapes.