bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivation und Intention zum Sporttreiben in der Freizeit. Ist das Trainer*innenverhalten bedeutsamer oder die Motivation im Schulsport?
Authors: Fischer Britta , Brückner Jan-Peter 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Motivation, und insbesondere die autonom regulierte Motivation, gilt als ein wichtiger Einflussfaktor auf das Sporttreiben von Menschen, welchem bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ein besonderer Stellenwert hinsichtlich ihrer Entwicklung zugesprochen wird. Mit Bezug auf eine abnehmende Sportteilnahme in der Adoleszenz – zumindest im formellen, vereinsgebundenen Sport – wird die Frage aufgeworfen, welche Bedeutung das Trainer*innenverhalten im Verhältnis zur Motivation aus dem schulsportlichen Kontext hat. Letztgenannter wird eine Wirkung auch auf den Freizeitsport zugesprochen. Befragt wurden 187 Vereinssportler*innen im Alter von 14,1 Jahren (SD = 2,33) zu ihrer autonomen Motivation im Schul- und Freizeitsport, zum autonomiefördernden Trainer*innenverhalten und zur Intention zum Sporttreiben bzw. zum Dropout. Regressionsanalysen zeigen signifikante (p < 0,05) Zusammenhänge zwischen Trainer*innenverhalten (β = 0,23), Motivation zum Schulsport (β = 0,33) und freizeitsportbezogener Motivation. Diese hängt wiederum signifikant mit der Intention zum Sporttreiben (r = 0,26) und zum Dropout (r = −0,23) zusammen. Die schulsportbezogene Motivation hat eine höhere Erklärungskraft als das Trainer*innenverhalten, was die Relevanz des Schulsports im Hinblick auf die Motivationsförderung zu freizeitsportlicher Aktivität belegt. Eine abnehmende Schulsportmotivation stellt damit eine pädagogische Herausforderung in Bezug auf lebenslanges Sporttreiben dar.
Aquinas on Separated Souls’ Natural Cognition
Authors: Wong Wai-Kin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe debate concerning whether Aquinas changed his view on the perfection of the separated soul’s natural cognition, i.e., the cognition not elevated by God’s supernatural grace, remains to be settled. Anton Pegis has argued that according to Aquinas’s earlier view, a separated soul ‘will function perfectly as a separate substance’. However, according to Aquinas’s mature view, it ‘does not have the intellectual power to function properly as a separate substance’, so Aquinas changed his view. In contrast, John Wippel has denied that Pegis showed any radical change in Aquinas’s works on this issue. In this paper, I intend to advance this debate by arguing that, in his Commentary on Sentences IV (1252–56) d. 49, q. 1, a. 4, qc1, Aquinas expounded a view on the perfection of the separated soul’s natural cognition that is incompatible with his view in Summa Theologiae I (1265–68), q. 89, a. 1, co. I will also identify two markedly different views on the implication of the human soul-body union for the perfection of the separated soul’s cognition in these two texts. I contend that the incompatibility between the views in these two texts suggests that Aquinas changed his view.
Querying ‘Global’ Music History: Significant Geographies between Goswami Pannalal and Queen Victoria
Authors: Williams Richard David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlobal music history projects have become increasingly popular in recent years. Going global has its advantages: it develops conversations between researchers working on disparate regions; it sheds light on larger frameworks that are less evident on smaller scales of analysis; it decentres how we teach music history; and it retraces a global hinterland for music systems that have conventionally been called ‘Western’. At the same time, the global history approach raises challenges for researchers working on the world beyond Europe. In particular, there is the danger of unintentionally reinstating Eurocentrism, either by uncritically exporting research questions based on the European experience to the wider world, or by narrowing our focus onto those musicians and scholars who engaged with European ideas and practices, especially in colonial settings. This work is valuable, but it also comes with risks. This essay considers these problems through a case study: a largely forgotten music scholar, Goswami Pannalal, who travelled and taught across north India in the late nineteenth century. Examining his musicological study in Hindi, the Nād Binod (‘Sonic Delight’, 1896), I consider how far asking ‘global’ questions might shed light on his work, and offer an alternative reading based on a ‘significant geographies’ approach.
Does urban agriculture contribute to food security, and how might this be achieved?
Authors: Mead Bethan R. , Duncombe Tracey , Gillespie Rebecca , Pugh Nina , Hardman Charlotte A. 
Published: April 2024

Objective:Food system challenges exacerbate inequalities in access to fresh healthy food and threaten food security. Lack of food security, referred to as food insecurity, is associated with poorer physical and mental health outcomes and has been identified as a key challenge to address by calls for food system transformation. Increasing food production through urban agriculture, the production of fruit and vegetables in urban areas, has been identified as a potentially effective contributor to food system transformation, but the effect of this on household or UK-level food security is unclear. This paper reviews international evidence of urban agriculture’s impact on food security.Design:Narrative review.Setting:This paper reviews international evidence of urban agriculture’s impact on food security.Participants:Previously published international research.Results:Whilst findings are mixed, available evidence suggests that urban agriculture makes a modest, yet positive, contribution to food security by facilitating the availability of and access to fresh fruit and vegetables to food insecure households.Conclusions:Capitalising on the potential for urban agriculture to benefit food security requires government investment and support at both the national and local levels; therefore, increasing access to land for food growing, reducing costs of related resources and collaboration with existing community groups to enhance sharing of skills and expertise are identified as avenues for exploration that may help to achieve this. This review also highlights opportunities for future research in this field that may strengthen the quality of the evidence supporting urban agriculture’s impact on food security.
Consensus-based optimisation with truncated noise
Authors: Fornasier Massimo , Richtárik Peter , Riedl Konstantin , Sun Lukang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Consensus-based optimisation (CBO) is a versatile multi-particle metaheuristic optimisation method suitable for performing non-convex and non-smooth global optimisations in high dimensions. It has proven effective in various applications while at the same time being amenable to a theoretical convergence analysis. In this paper, we explore a variant of CBO, which incorporates truncated noise in order to enhance the well-behavedness of the statistics of the law of the dynamics. By introducing this additional truncation in the noise term of the CBO dynamics, we achieve that, in contrast to the original version, higher moments of the law of the particle system can be effectively bounded. As a result, our proposed variant exhibits enhanced convergence performance, allowing in particular for wider flexibility in choosing the noise parameter of the method as we confirm experimentally. By analysing the time evolution of the Wasserstein-

$2$

distance between the empirical measure of the interacting particle system and the global minimiser of the objective function, we rigorously prove convergence in expectation of the proposed CBO variant requiring only minimal assumptions on the objective function and on the initialisation. Numerical evidences demonstrate the benefit of truncating the noise in CBO.
Asymptotic speedup via effect handlers
Authors: HILLERSTRÖM DANIEL , LINDLEY SAM , LONGLEY JOHN 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study a fundamental efficiency benefit afforded by delimited control, showing that for certain higher-order functions, a language with advanced control features offers an asymptotic improvement in runtime over a language without them. Specifically, we consider the generic count problem in the context of a pure functional base language

${\lambda_{\textrm{b}}}$

and an extension

${\lambda_{\textrm{h}}}$

with general effect handlers. We prove that

${\lambda_{\textrm{h}}}$

admits an asymptotically more efficient implementation of generic count than any implementation in

${\lambda_{\textrm{b}}}$

. We also show that this gap remains even when

${\lambda_{\textrm{b}}}$

is extended to a language

${{{{{{\lambda_{\textrm{a}}}}}}}}$

with affine effect handlers, which is strong enough to encode exceptions, local state, coroutines and single-shot continuations. This locates the efficiency difference in the gap between ‘single-shot’ and ‘multi-shot’ versions of delimited control.
To our knowledge, these results are the first of their kind for control operators.
Relationship between syncopal symptoms and head-up tilt test modes
Authors: Wang Shuo , Peng Yali , Wang Yuwen , Li Fang , Xu Yi , Zheng Huifen , Yuan Heli , Hu Chunyan , Liao Donglei , Cai Hong , Zhang Juan , Li Wen , Ding Yiyi , Zhang Wenhua , Xue Xiaohong , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhu Liping , Liu Deyu , Kang Meihua , Liu Liping , Chu Weihong , Li Xiaoming , Luo Xuemei , Zou Runmei , Wang Cheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjective:Head-up tilt test (HUTT) is an important tool in the diagnosis of pediatric vasovagal syncope. This research will explore the relationship between syncopal symptoms and HUTT modes in pediatric vasovagal syncope.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 2513 children aged 3–18 years, who were diagnosed with vasovagal syncope, from Jan. 2001 to Dec. 2021 due to unexplained syncope or pre-syncope. The average age was 11.76 ± 2.83 years, including 1124 males and 1389 females. The patients were divided into the basic head-up tilt test (BHUT) group (596 patients) and the sublingual nitroglycerine head-up tilt test (SNHUT) group (1917 patients) according to the mode of positive HUTT at the time of confirmed pediatric vasovagal syncope.Results:(1) Baseline characteristics: Age, height, weight, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and composition ratio of syncope at baseline status were higher in the BHUT group than in the SNHUT group (all P < 0.05). (2) Univariate analysis: Age, height, weight, HR, SBP, DBP, and syncope were potential risk factors for BHUT positive (all P < 0.05). (3) Multivariate analysis: syncope was an independent risk factor for BHUT positive, with a probability increase of 121% compared to pre-syncope (P<0.001).Conclusion:The probability of BHUT positivity was significantly higher than SNHUT in pediatric vasovagal syncope with previous syncopal episodes.
Acute suppression of lower limb spasm by sacral afferent stimulation for people with spinal cord injury: A pilot study
Authors: Massey Sarah , Doherty Sean , Duffell Lynsey , Craggs Mike , Knight Sarah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Lower limb spasm and spasticity may develop following spinal cord injury (SCI), causing hyper-excitability and increased tone, which can impact function and quality of life. Pharmaceutical interventions for spasticity may cause unwanted side effects such as drowsiness and weakness. Invasive and non-invasive electrical stimulation has been shown to reduce spasticity without these side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sacral afferent stimulation (SAS), through surface electrical stimulation of the dorsal genital nerve (N = 7), and through implanted electrodes on the sacral afferent nerve roots, on lower limb spasm and spasticity (N = 2). Provoked spasms were interrupted with conditional SAS, where stimulation commenced following a provoked spasm, or unconditional stimulation, which was applied continuously. Conditionally and unconditionally applied SAS was shown to suppress acute provoked spasms in people with SCI. There was a statistically significant reduction in area under the curve of quadriceps electromyography during acute spasm with SAS compared to a control spasm. These results show that SAS may provide a safe, low-cost method of reducing acute spasm and spasticity in people living with SCI. SAS through implanted electrodes may also provide an additional function to sacral nerve stimulation devices.
Decadal Evolution of Ice‐Ocean Interactions at a Large East Greenland Glacier Resolved at Fjord Scale With Downscaled Ocean Models and Observations
Authors: Wood M. , Khazendar A. , Fenty I. , Mankoff K. , Nguyen A. T. , Schulz K. , Willis J. K. , Zhang H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, the Greenland ice sheet has been losing mass through glacier retreat and ice flow acceleration. This mass loss is linked with variations in submarine melt, yet existing ocean models are either coarse global simulations focused on decadal‐scale variability or fine‐scale simulations for process‐based investigations. Here, we unite these scales with a framework to downscale from a global state estimate (15 km) into a regional model (3 km) that resolves circulation on the continental shelf. We further downscale into a fjord‐scale model (500 m) that resolves circulation inside fjords and quantifies melt. We demonstrate this approach in Scoresby Sund, East Greenland, and find that interannual variations in submarine melt at Daugaard‐Jensen glacier induced by ocean temperature variability are consistent with the decadal changes in glacier ice dynamics. This study provides a framework by which coarse‐resolution models can be refined to quantify glacier submarine melt for future ice sheet projections.
Trends of Sediment Resuspension and Budget in Southern Lake Michigan Under Changing Wave Climate and Hydrodynamic Environment
Authors: Zhu Longhuan , Xue Pengfei , Meadows Guy A. , Huang Chenfu , Ge Jianzhong , Troy Cary D. , Wu Chin H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSediment suspension and transport driven by waves and currents play a significant role in both the ecological and physical environments of large lakes. Lake Michigan has faced a rapidly increasing water level associated with intensified wind waves in the past decade. To investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and associated coastal sediment budgets in southern Lake Michigan, a 30‐year (1991–2020) hindcast was performed using a coupled wave‐current‐sediment model (SWAN‐FVCOM‐CSTMS). We found that in southern Lake Michigan, the basin‐wide mean SSC increased, and the coastal sediment loss accelerated dramatically, corresponding with intensified waves, currents and lake water level rises over the past decade. The basin‐wide mean SSC, coastal sediment loss, wave height, wind speed, current speed, and water level in southern Lake Michigan are highly correlated. Spatially, the results reveal decreases in coastal SSC and sediment loss in the western portion of the southern basin, while the eastern sectors show an increase in both metrics. This reflects a clear shift in the wave climate and hydrodynamic environment. The alterations in long‐term coastal sediment budgets imply that considerable shoreline transformations are being influenced by modifications in the wave climate. Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of SSC and coastal sediment budgets is crucial for strategic water resource management and coastal infrastructure planning.
Methane Distribution, Production, and Emission in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Wang Hao‐Nan , Du Guan‐Xiang , Yu Shu‐Xian , Zhang Hong‐Hai , Song Guo‐Dong , Liu Su‐Mei , Zheng Nan , Zhang Xiao‐Hua , Zhang Gui‐Ling 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe ocean is a source of atmospheric methane (CH4), but there are still large uncertainties in the estimations of global oceanic CH4 emission due to sparse data coverage. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution and influencing factors of CH4 in the Western North Pacific (WNP) during May–June 2021. High‐resolution continuous underway measurements showed that surface CH4 concentrations indicated an obvious spatial gradient with an increase from the south to the north due to the influence of water mixing between Kuroshio Extension (KE) and Oyashio. Surface water was generally oversaturated with respect to the atmospheric CH4, and high CH4 fluxes occurred in the Kuroshio‐Oyashio transition region due to high productivity and intensive air‐sea interaction, emphasizing the importance of the Kuroshio‐Oyashio transition region in global oceanic CH4 emission. Vertically, subsurface CH4 maximums were observed around 50–300 m due to in situ production through multiple pathways, and their distributions in the water column were affected by subduction of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) and advective transport. Methylphosphonate (MPn) enrichment experiment and 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that in subtropical region and Kuroshio‐Oyashio transition region, Vibrio spp. might produce CH4 by degrading MPn. Although this process was inhibited by inorganic phosphorus and regulated by iron stress, it might be a potential source of CH4 in the oxygenated water in the WNP. Our results contribute to better constrain the global oceanic CH4 emission, and help understanding the role of biological and physical processes in regulating CH4 emission in the WNP.
Pre-frailty after blood or marrow transplantation and the risk of subsequent mortality
Authors: Balas Nora , Richman Joshua S. , Landier Wendy , Shrestha Sadeep , Bruxvoort Katia J. , Hageman Lindsey , Meng Qingrui , Ross Elizabeth , Bosworth Alysia , Wong F. Lennie , Bhatia Ravi , Forman Stephen J. , Armenian Saro H. , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Bhatia Smita 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe examined the prevalence, risk factors, and association between pre-frailty and subsequent mortality after blood or marrow transplantation (BMT). Study participants were drawn from the BMT Survivor Study (BMTSS) and included 3346 individuals who underwent BMT between 1974 and 2014 at one of three transplant centers and survived ≥2 years post-BMT. Participants completed the BMTSS survey at a median of 9 years from BMT and were followed for subsequent mortality for a median of 5 years after survey completion. Closest-age and same-sex biological siblings also completed the survey. Previously published self-reported indices (exhaustion, weakness, low energy expenditure, slowness, unintentional weight loss) classified participants as non-frail (0–1 indices) or pre-frail (2 indices). National Death Index was used to determine vital status and cause of death. Overall, 626 (18.7%) BMT survivors were pre-frail. BMT survivors had a 3.2-fold higher odds of being pre-frail (95% CI = 1.9–5.3) compared to siblings. Compared to non-frail survivors, pre-frail survivors had higher hazards of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.4–2.0). Female sex, pre-BMT radiation, smoking, lack of exercise, anxiety, and severe/life-threatening chronic health conditions were associated with pre-frailty. The novel association between pre-frailty and subsequent mortality provides evidence for interventions as pre-frail individuals may transition back to their robust state.
Variation in the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) moderates the influence of maternal sensitivity on child attachment
Authors: Tchalova K. , Lydon J. E. , Atkinson L. , Fleming A. S. , Kennedy J. , Lecompte V. , Meaney M. J. , Moss E. , O’Donnell K. A. , O’Donnell K. J. , Silveira P. P. , Sokolowski M. B. , Steiner M. , Bartz J. A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe endogenous opioid system is thought to play an important role in mother-infant attachment. In infant rhesus macaques, variation in the μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) is related to differences in attachment behavior that emerges following repeated separation from the mother; specifically, infants carrying at least one copy of the minor G allele of the OPRM1 C77G polymorphism show heightened and more persistent separation distress, as well as a pattern of increased contact-seeking behavior directed towards the mother during reunions (at the expense of affiliation with other group members). Research in adult humans has also linked the minor G allele of the analogous OPRM1 A118G polymorphism with greater interpersonal sensitivity. Adopting an interactionist approach, we examined whether OPRM1 A118G genotype and maternal (in)sensitivity are associated with child attachment style, predicting that children carrying the G allele may be more likely to develop an ambivalent attachment pattern in response to less sensitive maternal care. The sample consisted of 191 mothers participating with their children (n = 223) in the Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN) project, a community-based, birth cohort study of Canadian mothers and their children assessed longitudinally across the child’s development. Maternal sensitivity was coded from at-home mother-child interactions videotaped when the child was 18 months of age. Child attachment was assessed at 36 months using the Strange Situation paradigm. As predicted, G allele carriers, but not AA homozygotes, showed increasing odds of being classified as ambivalently attached with decreasing levels of maternal sensitivity. Paralleling earlier non-human animal research, this work provides support for the theory that endogenous opioids contribute to the expression of attachment behaviors in humans.
Recent advances in functional materials and devices for Zn-Ion hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Fan Weijia , Wang Faxing , Xiong Xiaosong , Song Bingyan , Wang Tao , Cheng Xinbing , Zhu Zhi , He Jiarui , Liu Yankai , Wu Yuping 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) are attracting significant attention due to their high energies/power densities, safety, and low cost. In this review, recent advances in the development of ZHSCs are summarized. Particular emphasis is placed on state-of-the-art cathodes (including carbon, metal oxides, MXenes, and redox-active polymers), anodes (including Zn-based composites and Zn-free materials) and electrolytes for ZHSCs. Furthermore, the latest research on functional ZHSC devices with miniaturized ZHSCs, fiber-shaped ZHSCs, self-chargeable ZHSCs and self-healing devices is reported. Finally, further developments with ZHSCs are envisaged for future research in this thriving field.
Subcellular pathways through VGluT3-expressing mouse amacrine cells provide locally tuned object-motion-selective signals in the retina
Authors: Friedrichsen Karl , Hsiang Jen-Chun , Lin Chin-I , McCoy Liam , Valkova Katia , Kerschensteiner Daniel , Morgan Josh L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVGluT3-expressing mouse retinal amacrine cells (VG3s) respond to small-object motion and connect to multiple types of bipolar cells (inputs) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs, outputs). Because these input and output connections are intermixed on the same dendrites, making sense of VG3 circuitry requires comparing the distribution of synapses across their arbors to the subcellular flow of signals. Here, we combine subcellular calcium imaging and electron microscopic connectomic reconstruction to analyze how VG3s integrate and transmit visual information. VG3s receive inputs from all nearby bipolar cell types but exhibit a strong preference for the fast type 3a bipolar cells. By comparing input distributions to VG3 dendrite responses, we show that VG3 dendrites have a short functional length constant that likely depends on inhibitory shunting. This model predicts that RGCs that extend dendrites into the middle layers of the inner plexiform encounter VG3 dendrites whose responses vary according to the local bipolar cell response type.