bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epithermal Gold‐Silver Mineralization of the Asachinskoe Deposit in South Kamchatka, Russia
Authors: Takahashi Ryohei , Matsueda Hiroharu , Okrugin Victor M. , Ono Shuji 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Asachinskoe epithermal Au‐Ag deposit is a representative low‐sulfidation type of deposit in Kamchatka, Russia. In the Asachinskoe deposit there are approximately 40 mineralized veins mainly hosted by dacite–andesite stock intrusions of Miocene–Pliocene age. The veins are emplaced in tensional cracks with a north orientation. Wall‐rock alteration at the bonanza level (170–200 m a.s.l.) consists of the mineral assemblage of quartz, pyrite, albite, illite and trace amounts of smectite. Mineralized veins are well banded with quartz, adularia and minor illite. Mineralization stages in the main zone are divided into stages I–IV. Stage I is relatively barren quartz–adularia association formed at 4.7 ± 0.2 Ma (K‐Ar age). Stage II consists of abundant illite, Cu‐bearing cryptomelane and other manganese oxides and hydroxides, electrum, argentite, quartz, adularia and minor rhodochrosite and calcite. Stage III, the main stage of gold mineralization (4.5–4.4 ± 0.1–3.1 ± 0.1 Ma, K‐Ar age), consists of a large amount of electrum, naumannite and Se‐bearing polybasite with quartz–adularia association. Stage IV is characterized by hydrothermal breccia, where electrum, tetrahedrite and secondary covellite occur with quartz, adularia and illite. The concentration of Au+Ag in ores has a positive correlation with the content of K2O + Al2O3, which is controlled by the presence of adularia and minor illite, and both Hg and Au also have positive correlations with the light rare‐earth elements. Fluid inclusion studies indicate a salinity of 1.0–2.6 wt% NaCl equivalent for the whole deposit, and ore‐forming temperatures are estimated as approximately 160–190°C in stage III of the present 218 m a.s.l. and 170–180°C in stage IV of 200 m a.s.l. The depth of ore formation is estimated to be 90–400 m from the paleo‐water table for stage IV of 200 m a.s.l., if a hydrostatic condition is assumed. An increase of salinity (>CNaCl≈ 0.2 wt%) and decrease of temperature (>T ≈ 30°C) within a 115‐m vertical interval for the ascending hydrothermal solution is calculated, which is interpreted as due to steam loss during fluid boiling. Ranges of selenium and sulfur fugacities are estimated to be logfSe2 = −17 to −14.5 and logfS2 = −15 to −12 for the ore‐forming solution that was responsible for Au‐Ag‐Se precipitation in stage III of 200 m a.s.l. Separation of Se from S‐Se complex in the solution and its partition into selenides could be due to a relatively oxidizing condition. The precipitation of Au‐Ag‐Se was caused by boiling in stage III, and the precipitation of Au‐Ag‐Cu was caused by sudden decompression and boiling in stage IV.
Characteristics of Publicly Insured Children with High Dental Expenses
Authors: Churchill Shervin S. , Williams Bryan J. , Villareale Nanci L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground: Dental coverage is provided for all children with Medicaid in Washington State. The goal of this study was to illuminate the characteristics of a sample of Medicaid‐enrolled children with high dental expenses.Methods: Dental care utilization data for a 33‐month period were obtained from Washington State's Medicaid database. For children, 0 to 6 years, these data were linked with a parent survey addressing oral health behaviors, knowledge, family history of caries, snacking patterns, and access to dental care. Children with dental expenses of $1,000 or more were classified as the “high‐expense” group. Risk factors for the high‐expense group were evaluated using multiple logistic regression.Results: 345 children had at least one dental procedure including preventive and diagnostic care. Among these, 30 children (9 percent) incurred 64 percent of total dental expenses for the entire group. Parent perception of lack of dental coverage was associated with incurring high dental expenses. Children of Asian or Pacific Islander heritage were at disproportionately high risk compared to White children. Age of child and family history of caries were also associated with increased risk for high expenses.Conclusions: Not all low‐income children on Medicaid are at high risk for caries. A combination of factors, including family history of caries and parent's perception of lack of dental insurance coverage, can potentially increase a child's likelihood for high‐expense dental treatment. This study highlighted a small group of children with disproportionately high dental expenses. For some, earlier knowledge of coverage may have resulted in more timely access to preventive and diagnostic care, reducing the subsequent need for expensive restorative treatment.
Growth and Pigment Production on
d
-Tryptophan Medium by
Cryptococcus gattii
,
Cryptococcus neoformans
, and
Candida albicans
Authors: Chaskes Stuart , Frases Susana , Cammer Michael , Gerfen Gary , Casadevall Arturo 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT

Given the increasing prevalence of cryptococcosis caused by
Cryptococcus gattii
(serotypes B and C) strains, there is a need for rapid and reliable tests that discriminate
C. gattii
from
Cryptococcus neoformans
(serotypes A, D, and AD). Seventy-two
C. neoformans
strains, sixty-seven
C. gattii
strains, and five
Candida albicans
strains were analyzed for their ability to grow and produce pigment on minimal
d
-tryptophan
d
-proline (m-DTDP) medium, on yeast carbon base
d
-tryptophan
d
-proline (YCB-DTDP) medium, and on fructose
d
-tryptophan glycine (m-FDTG) medium. Of the
C. gattii
and
C. neoformans
isolates, 94% and 0% grew on m-DTDP agar, respectively, and 98% and 0% grew in YCB-DTDP medium, respectively.
C. gattii
produced large amounts of brown intracellular pigment(s) on m-DTDP agar and smaller amounts of yellow-brown (amber) extracellular pigment(s).
C. albicans
grew on both media and produced a pink photoactivated pigment on m-DTDP agar.
C. gattii
produced large amounts of brown intracellular pigments on the differential medium m-FDTG, whereas
C. neoformans
produced smaller amounts of the brown pigments and
C. albicans
produced a pink pigment. The pigments produced by
C. gattii
from
d
-tryptophan were distinct and were not related to melanin formation from 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. Thin-layer chromatography of the methanol-extracted
C. gattii
cells detected four different pigments, including brown (two types), yellow, and pink-purple compounds. We conclude that tryptophan-derived pigments are not melanins and that growth on m-DTDP or YCB-DTDP agar can be used to rapidly differentiate
C. gattii
from
C. neoformans
.
Vitamin D status in apparently healthy adults in Kashmir Valley of Indian subcontinent
Authors: Zargar A H , Ahmad S , Masoodi S R , Wani A I , Bashir M I , Laway B A , Shah Z A 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe worldwide prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is reported to be high.ObjectivesTo assess the vitamin D status in apparently healthy adults in Kashmir valley by measuring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D).Methods92 healthy natives (64 men and 28 non-pregnant/non-lactating women, aged 18–40 years), residing in Kashmir for at least last 5 years and not having any suggestion of systemic disease, were selected for this study. The samples were collected throughout the year in both summer and winter months. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25 (OH) D concentration of &lt;50 nmol/l and graded as mild (25–50 nmol/l), moderate (12.5–25 nmol/l) and severe (&lt;12.5 nmol/l).ResultsBody mass index, total energy intake, and other nutritional parameters were comparable among subjects in different groups. Overall 76 (83%) of the subjects studied had vitamin D deficiency—25%, 33%, and 25% had mild, moderate, and severe deficiency, respectively. 49 of the 64 males and all but 1 of the 28 females were vitamin D deficient. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ranged from 69.6% in the employed group to 100% in the household group. Vitamin D deficiency was equally prevalent in subjects from rural and urban areas. Serum calcium and phosphorus values were comparable in subjects with and without vitamin D deficiency, while daily intake and urinary excretion of calcium were significantly lower in the former. Vitamin D deficient subjects had a significantly lower mean weekly exposure to sunlight.ConclusionsIn spite of abundant sunlight, healthy individuals in Kashmir valley are vitamin D deficient, particularly women. Serum 25 (OH) D concentrations are significantly related to sun exposure.
Analyses of postgraduate social work dissertations in Taiwan
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Hua Lee Jun , Yan Tam Suet 
Published: October 2007

English This study was conducted to examine postgraduate theses in Taiwan. Results showed that most of the studies were qualitative researches and there were few studies adopting mixed-methods research approaches. There were few studies on social work methods; and the use of English references was not widespread. French Cette étude avait pour objectif d’examiner les thèses d’étudiants postgradués à Taiwan. Les résultats ont révé lé que: la majorité des recherches étaient de nature qualitative, quelques recherches ayant adopté une approche de modè les mixtes; peu de recherches ont été consacrées aux méthodes d’intervention en travail social; et les sources anglaises étaient rares. Spanish Este estudio se llevo a cabo para examinar las tesis de postgrado en Taiwán. Los resultados mostraron que: la mayoría de los estudios fueron investigaciones cualitativas y que solo hubo algunos estudios que adoptaron métodos mixtos de investigación; hubo solo algunos estudios en métodos de trabajo social; el uso de referencias en inglés no fue muy difundido.
Emerging practices of social work in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Parada Henry , Moffatt Ken , Duval Marisela 
Published: October 2007

English This study is based on consultation with governmental institutions working with women and children in the Dominican Republic and the Autonomous University of Santo Domingo, which is part of a six-year project funded by the Canadian International Development Agency. We report on some of the preliminary findings and the conceptualization of social work interventions within the Dominican Republic. French Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un projet de six ans financé par l’Agence canadienne de développement international (ACDI) et elle s’appuie sur des consultations auprès d’institutions gouvernementales oeuvrant auprès des femmes et des enfants de la République dominicaine et de la Université Autonome de Santo Domingo. Elle fait état de quelques constats préliminaires et elle conceptualise l’intervention en travail social en République dominicaine. Spanish Este estudio se basa en la consulta de instituciones gubernamentales que trbajan con niños y mujeres en la República Dominicana y la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, la cual forma parte de un proyecto de seis años fundado por la IDA Canadiense. Nuestro reporte se basa en los hallazgos preliminares y la conceptualización de la intervención del trabajo social dentro de la República Dominicana.
Factors that influence workfare program participants
Authors: Kuen Kim Tae , Zurlo Karen A. 
Published: October 2007

English We empirically analyzed a representative workfare program in South Korea, the Self-Sufficiency Program (SSP), using multinomial logistic regression. Our findings demonstrated that family income sources, program participation length and health status are important factors affecting the self-sufficiency of program participants. Based on these results, we recommend improvements in the current SSP. French Nous avons fait l’analyse empirique d’un programme de sécurité du revenu de Corée du Sud, le Self-Sufficiency Program (programme d’autosuffisance), en utilisant le modè le de régression logistique multinomial. Les résultats indiquent que la provenance des revenus de la famille, la durée de participation au programme et l’état de santé sont d’importants facteurs qui ont un impact sur l’autosuffisance des participants au programme. À la lumière de ces résultats, nous suggérons des correctifs à apporter à l’actuel programme d’autosuffisance. Spanish Analizamos empíricamente un programa representativo de bienestar en el trabajo en Corea del Sur, el Self-Sufficiency Program (Programa de Autosuficiencia) (SSP), utilizando la regresión logística multinomial. Nuestros hallazgos demuestran que las fuentes de ingreso familiar, la duración del programa de participación, y el estatus de salud son factores importantes que afectan la auto-suficiencia de los participantes en el programa. Con base en los resultados, recomendamos el mejoramiento del actual SSP.
Junctional adhesion molecule-A, JAM-A, is a novel cell-surface marker for long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Sugano Yasuyoshi , Takeuchi Masaki , Hirata Ayami , Matsushita Hirokazu , Kitamura Toshio , Tanaka Minoru , Miyajima Atsushi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractJunctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A/JAM-1/F11R) is a cell adhesion molecule expressed in epithelial and endothelial cells, and also hematopoietic cells, such as leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes. Here, we show that JAM-A is expressed at a high level in the enriched hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fraction; that is, CD34+c-Kit+ cells in embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) aorta-gonod-mesonephros (AGM) and E11.5 fetal liver (FL), as well as c-Kit+Sca-1+Lineage− (KSL) cells in E14.5 FL, E18.5FL, and adult bone marrow (BM). Although the percentage of JAM-A+ cells in those tissues decreases during development, the expression in the HSC fraction is maintained throughout life. Colony-forming assays reveal that multilineage colony-forming activity in JAM-A+ cells is higher than that in JAM-A− cells in the enriched HSC fraction in all of those tissues. Transplantation assays show that long-term reconstituting HSC (LTR-HSC) activity is exclusively in the JAM-A+ population and is highly enriched in the JAM-A+ cells sorted directly from whole BM cells by anti–JAM-A antibody alone. Together, these results indicate that JAM-A is expressed on hematopoietic precursors in various hematopoietic tissues and is an excellent marker to isolate LTR-HSCs.
Cytogenetic features of acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemias in pediatric patients with Down syndrome: an iBFM-SG study
Authors: Forestier Erik , Izraeli Shai , Beverloo Berna , Haas Oskar , Pession Andrea , Michalová Kyra , Stark Batia , Harrison Christine J. , Teigler-Schlegel Andrea , Johansson Bertil 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a markedly increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To identify chromosomal changes cooperating with +21 that may provide information on the pathogenesis of these leukemias, we analyzed 215 DS-ALLs and 189 DS-AMLs. Unlike previous smaller series, a significant proportion of DS-ALLs had the typical B-cell precursor ALL abnormalities high hyperdiploidy (HeH; 11%) and t(12;21)(p13;q22) (10%). The HeH DS-ALLs were characterized by gains of the same chromosomes as non–DS-HeH, suggesting the same etiology/pathogenesis. In addition, specific genetic subtypes of DS-ALL were suggested by the significant overrepresentation of cases with +X, t(8;14)(q11;q32), and del(9p). Unlike DS-ALL, the common translocations associated with non–DS-AML were rare in DS-AML, which instead were characterized by the frequent presence of dup(1q), del(6q), del(7p), dup(7q), +8, +11, del(16q), and +21. This series of DS leukemias—the largest to date—reveals that DS-ALL is a heterogeneous disorder that comprises both t(12;21) and HeH as well as DS-related abnormalities. Furthermore, this analysis confirms that DS-AML is a distinct entity, originating through other genetic pathways than do non–DS-AMLs, and suggests that unbalanced changes such as dup(1q), +8, and +21 are involved in the leukemogenic process.
Dermal fibroblasts derived from fetal and postnatal humans exhibit distinct responses to insulin like growth factors
Authors: Rolfe Kerstin J , Cambrey Alison D , Richardson Janette , Irvine Laurie M , Grobbelaar Adriaan O , Linge Claire 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Background
It has been well established that human fetuses will heal cutaneous wounds with perfect regeneration. Insulin-like growth factors are pro-fibrotic fibroblast mitogens that have important roles in both adult wound healing and during development, although their relative contribution towards fetal wound healing is currently unknown. We have compared responses to IGF-I and -II in human dermal fibroblast strains derived from early gestational age fetal (<14 weeks) and developmentally mature postnatal skin to identify any differences that might relate to their respective wound healing responses of regeneration or fibrosis.

Results
We have established that the mitogenic response of fetal cells to both IGF-I and -II is much lower than that seen in postnatal dermal fibroblasts. Further, unlike postnatal cells, fetal cells fail to synthesise collagen in response to IGF-I, whereas they do increase synthesis in response to IGF-II. This apparent developmentally regulated difference in response to these related growth factors is also reflected in changes in the tyrosine phosphorylation pattern of a number of proteins. Postnatal cells exhibit a significant increase in phosphorylation of ERK 1 (p44) in response to IGF-I and conversely the p46 isoform of Shc on IGF-II stimulation. Fetal cells however only show a significant increase in an unidentified 100 kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated protein on stimulation with IGF-II.

Conclusion
Dermal fibroblasts exhibit different responses to the two forms of IGF depending on their developmental maturity. This may relate to the developmental transition in cutaneous wound healing from regeneration to fibrosis.
A cluster randomized controlled trial of a clinical pathway for hospital treatment of heart failure: study design and population
Authors: Panella Massimiliano , Marchisio Sara , Gardini Andrea , Di Stanislao Francesco 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Background
The hospital treatment of heart failure frequently does not follow published guidelines, potentially contributing to the high morbidity, mortality and economic cost of this disorder. Consequently the development of clinical pathways has the potential to reduce the current variability in care, enhance guideline adherence, and improve outcomes for patients. Despite enthusiasm and diffusion, the widespread acceptance of clinical pathways remain questionable because very little prospective controlled data demonstrated their effectiveness. The Experimental Prospective Study on the Effectiveness and Efficiency of the Implementation of Clinical Pathways was designed in order to conduct a rigorous evaluation of clinical pathways in hospital treatment of acute heart failure. The primary objective of the trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of clinical pathways for hospital treatment of heart failure in Italian hospitals.

Methods/design
Two-arm, cluster-randomized trial. 14 community hospitals were randomized either to arm 1 (clinical pathway: appropriate use of practice guidelines and supplies of drugs and ancillary services, new organization and procedures, patient education, etc.) or to arm 2 (no intervention, usual care). 424 patients sample (212 in each group), 80% of power at the 5% significance level (two-sided). The primary outcome measure is in-hospital mortality. We will also analyze the impact of the clinical pathways comparing the length and the appropriateness of the stay, the rate of unscheduled readmissions, the customers' satisfaction and the costs treating the patients with the pathways and with the current practice along all the observation period. The quality of the care will be assessed by monitoring the use of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures during hospital stay and by measuring key quality indicators at discharge.

Discussion
This paper examines the design of the evaluation of a complex intervention. Since clinical pathways are made up of various interconnecting parts we have chosen the cluster-randomized controlled trial because is widely accepted as the most reliable method of determining effectiveness when measuring cost-effectiveness in real practice.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID [NCT00519038]
Natural variation in SAR11 marine bacterioplankton genomes inferred from metagenomic data
Authors: Wilhelm Larry J , Tripp H James , Givan Scott A , Smith Daniel P , Giovannoni Stephen J 
Published: November 2007

Abstract

Background
One objective of metagenomics is to reconstruct information about specific uncultured organisms from fragmentary environmental DNA sequences. We used the genome of an isolate of the marine alphaproteobacterium SAR11 ('Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique'; strain HTCC1062), obtained from the cold, productive Oregon coast, as a query sequence to study variation in SAR11 metagenome sequence data from the Sargasso Sea, a warm, oligotrophic ocean gyre.

Results
The average amino acid identity of SAR11 genes encoded by the metagenomic data to the query genome was only 71%, indicating significant evolutionary divergence between the coastal isolates and Sargasso Sea populations. However, an analysis of gene neighbors indicated that SAR11 genes in the Sargasso Sea metagenomic data match the gene order of the HTCC1062 genome in 96% of cases (> 85,000 observations), and that rearrangements are most frequent at predicted operon boundaries. There were no conserved examples of genes with known functions being found in the coastal isolates, but not the Sargasso Sea metagenomic data, or vice versa, suggesting that core regions of these diverse SAR11 genomes are relatively conserved in gene content. However, four hypervariable regions were observed, which may encode properties associated with variation in SAR11 ecotypes. The largest of these, HVR2, is a 48 kb region flanked by the sole 5S and 23S genes in the HTCC1062 genome, and mainly encodes genes that determine cell surface properties. A comparison of two closely related 'Candidatus Pelagibacter' genomes (HTCC1062 and HTCC1002) revealed a number of "gene indels" in core regions. Most of these were found to be polymorphic in the metagenomic data and showed evidence of purifying selection, suggesting that the same "polymorphic gene indels" are maintained in physically isolated SAR11 populations.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that natural selection has conserved many core features of SAR11 genomes across broad oceanic scales, but significant variation was found associated with four hypervariable genome regions. The data also led to the hypothesis that some gene insertions and deletions might be polymorphisms, similar to allelic polymorphisms.