bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Order statistics for decomposable combinatorial structures
Authors: Hansen Jennie C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this paper we consider the component structure of decomposable combinatorial objects, both labeled and unlabeled, from a probabilistic point of view. In both cases we show that when the generating function for the components of a structure is a logarithmic function, then the joint distribution of the normalized order statistics of the component sizes of a random object of sizencoverges to the Poisson–Dirichlet distribution on the simplex ∇{{xi}: Σxi= 1x1⩾x2⩾ …︁ ⩾ 0}. This result complements recent results obtained by Flajolet and Soria on the total number of components in a random combinatorial structure. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the diameter and radius of randon subgraphs of the cube
Authors: Bollobás B. , Kohayakawa Y. , Łuczak T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe n‐dimensional cube Qn is the graph whose vertices are the subsets of {1,…n}, with two vertices adjacent if and only if their symmetric difference is a singleton. Clearly Qn has diameter and radious n. Write M = n2n‐1 = e(Qn) for the size of Qn. Let Q = (Qt)oM be a random Qn‐process. Thus Qt is a spanning subgraph of Qn of size t, and Qt is obtained from Qt–1 by the random addition of an edge of Qn not in Qt–1, Let t(k) = τ(Q;δ⩾k) be the hitting time of the property of having minimal degree at least k. We show that the diameter dt = diam (Qt) of Qt in almost every Q̃ behaves as follows: dt starts infinite and is first finite at time t(1), it equals n + 1 for t(1) ⩽ t(2) and dt, = n for t ⩾ t(2). We also show that the radius of Qt, is first finite for t = t(1), when it assumes the value n. These results are deduced from detailed theorems concerning the diameter and radius of the almost surely unique largest component of Qt, for t = Ω(M). © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the independence number of random cubic graphs
Authors: Frieze Alan , Suen Stephen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe show that as n→∞, the independence number α(G), for almost all 3‐regular graphs G on n vertices, is at least (6 log(3/2) – 2 – ϵ)n, for any constant ϵ>0. We prove this by analyzing a greedy algorithm for finding independent sets. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Viúva Negra crawler: an experience report
Authors: Gomes Daniel , Silva Mário J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper documents hazardous situations on the Web that crawlers must address. This knowledge was accumulated while developing and operating the Viúva Negra (VN) crawler to feed a search engine and a Web archive for the Portuguese Web for four years. The design, implementation and evaluation of the VN crawler are also presented as a case study of a Web crawler design. The case study tested provides crawling techniques that may be useful for the further development of crawlers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family wisdom and clinical support: Culturally relevant practice strategies for working with indochinese families who care for a relative with mental illness
Authors: Vandiver Vikki L. , Keopraseuth Kham‐One 
Published: June 2007

AbstractClinical issues in serving Indochinese families with a member with severe mental illness are discussed, together with culturally relevant strategies for engagement, communication, psychoeducational interventions, and reinforcing natural support systems.
Can the different heat shock response thresholds found in fermenting and respiring yeast cells be attributed to their differential redox states?
Authors: Moraitis Christos , Curran Brendan P. G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this study we used a heat‐shock (HS) reporter gene to demonstrate that respiring cells are intrinsically less sensitive (by 5 °C) than their fermenting counterparts to a sublethal heat shock. We also used an oxidant‐sensitive fluorescent probe to demonstrate that this correlates with lower levels of sublethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in heat‐stressed respiring cells. Moreover, this relationship between HS induction of the reporter gene and ROS accumulation extends to respiring cells that have had their ROS levels modified by treatment with the anti‐oxidant ascorbic acid and the pro‐oxidant H2O2. Thus, by demonstrating that the ROS/HSR correlation previously demonstrated in fermenting cells also holds for respiring cells (despite their greater HS insensitivity and higher level of intrinsic thermotolerance), we provide evidence that the intracellular redox state may influence both the sensitivity of the heat‐shock response (HSR) and stress tolerance in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diallyl disulphide depletes glutathione in Candida albicans: oxidative stress‐mediated cell death studied by two‐photon microscopy
Authors: Lemar Katey M. , Aon Miguel A. , Cortassa Sonia , O'Rourke Brian , Müller Carsten T. , Lloyd David 
Published: May 2007

AbstractUsing two‐photon scanning laser microscopy, we investigated the effect of an Allium sativum (garlic) constituent, diallyl disulphide (DADS), on key physiological functions of the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. A short 30 min exposure to 0.5 mM DADS followed by removal induced 70% cell death (50% necrotic, 20% apoptotic) within 2 h, increasing to 75% after 4 h. The early intracellular events associated with DADS‐induced cell death were monitored with two‐photon fluorescence microscopy to track mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NADH or reduced glutathione (GSH) under aerobic conditions. DADS treatment decreased intracellular GSH and elevated intracellular ROS levels. Additionally, DADS induced a marked decrease of Δψm and lowered respiration in cell suspensions and isolated mitochondria. In vitro kinetic experiments in cell‐free extracts suggest that glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) is one of the intracellular targets of DADS. Additional targets were also identified, including inhibition of a site or sites between complexes II–IV in the electron transport chain, as well as the mitochondrial ATP‐synthase. The results indicate that DADS is an effective antifungal agent able to trigger cell death in Candida, most probably by eliciting oxidative stress as a consequence of thiol depletion and impaired mitochondrial function. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Magnetic Properties and X‐ray Structure Analysis of a 1‐D Chain Iron(II) Spin Crossover Complex with wide Hysteresis
Authors: Weber Birgit , Tandon Raman , Himsl Dieter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe reaction of [FeL(MeOH)2] (L being a tetradentate [N2O2]2− coordinating Schiff base like ligand [([3,3′]‐[1,2‐phenylenebis(iminomethylidyne)]bis(2,4‐pentane‐dionato)(2‐)N,N′,O2,O2′], MeOH = methanol) with 4,4′‐bipyridine (bipy) results in the formation of a new iron(II) spin crossover coordination polymer of the formula [FeL(bipy)] (1). T‐dependent susceptibility measurements revealed an abrupt HS ↔ LS spin transition with an approximately 18 K‐wide thermal hysteresis loop (T1/2↑ = 237 K and T1/2↓ = 219 K). The isolation of crystals suitable for X‐ray structure analysis allowed the determination of the motive of the molecule structure of the first 1‐D chain compound with hysteresis in the HS form at 250 K. Despite the low qualtity of the data, we were able to obtain some insight into the interplay of covalent and elastic interactions that are both responsible for the high cooperative interactions during the spin transition in this compound.
Stoßwellenverzweigung bei Reflexion
Authors: Wecken Franz 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird untersucht, welche Beziehung zwischen Einfallswinkel und Stoßintensität bei der Stoßwellenreflexion für die Entstehung der Machschen Welle entscheidend ist, und inwieweit letztere eindeutig bestimmt ist. Dabei zeigt sich, daß für eine starke einfallende Welle die von Cranz und Schardin, für eine schwache dagegen die von Schultz‐Grunow angegebene Erklärung des Vorganges zutrifft.
Über Ausbreitungsvorgänge in turbulenten Reibungsschichten
Authors: Weighardt K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wurde das Temperaturfeld hinter einer schwachen punkt‐ oder linienförmigen Wärmequelle am Boden einer Reibungsschicht ausgemessen und die Versuchsergebnisse dieser turbulenten Wärmeausbreitung in ein einfaches Formelsystem zusammengefaßt.
Eine Übertragung der Regula Falsi auf Gleichungen in Banachräumen II Nichtlineare Gleichungssysteme
Authors: Schmidt Jochen W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIm Zusammenhang mit den Konvergenzsätzen des Teiles I werden hier zwei verwandte Verfahren ((2.10) und (3.1)) zur Auflösung nichtlinearer Gleichungssysteme betrachtet. Beide können als Erweiterung der Regula Falsi angesehen werden. Sie konvergieren im Falle nichtsingulärer Funktionalmatrix für die Lösung, wenn die Anfangswerte hinreichend nahe bei der Lösung liegen. Ihre Ordnung ist gleich (1 + √5)/2, d.h. ihre Konvergenzgeschwindigkeit ist größer als eins. Im numerischen Teil werden auf der Regula Falsi basierende Verfahren zur Tschebyscheff‐Approximation und zur Bestimmung komplexer Nullstellen bei Polynomen angegeben und Beispiele dazu vorgeführt.Schließlich wird in einem kurzen Abschnitt gezeigt, wie die Regula Falsi auf Integralgleichungen übertragen werden kann.
Das Potential und das Geschwindigkeitsfeld der harmonisch schwingenden tragenden Fläche bei Unterschallströmung
Authors: Laschka Boris 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFür einen in Unterschallströmung senkrecht zu seiner Ebene harmonisch schwingenden Tragflügel wird das Potential und das Geschwindigkeitsfeld formuliert. Die zugehörigen Einflußfunktionen werden für einige besondere Fälle diskutiert.
Reflected Flexural and Torsional Waves in an Infinite Bar due to an Elastic Support
Authors: Butler John B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFormulas are given for the complex amplitude densities of reflected flexural and torsional waves in the infinite bar, due to an elastic support of finite length, in terms of the complex amplitude densities of the incident waves. It is proved that the series obtained by the perturbation method for calculation of the amplitude densities converges provided that the incident waves have frequencies restricted to a fixed finite band and that the coefficients of rigidity of the elastic support are sufficiently small in magnitude.
Über das Integrationsverfahren vonH. GrunskyundF. W. Schäfke
Authors: Scriba Carl‐Heinz 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die homogene Differentialgleichung x′ (t) = A (t) mit beschränkten linearen Operatoren A(t), wobei A eine uniform stetige Funktion der reellen Variablen t ist, durch iterierte partielle Integration nachH. GrunskyundF. W. Schäfkeapproximativ gelöst und der Zusammenhang zwischen diesem Verfahren und dem klassischen Iterationsverfahren vonPicardundLindelöfdargestellt. Außerdem werden im Hinblick auf die numerische Anwendung zwei Sätze bewiesen.
Linearkombinationen bei den Übertragungsgleichungen
Authors: Schmidt B. , Uhrig R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Übertragungsmatrizen zweier elastisch gegeneinander gebetteter Balken werden aufgestellt. Führt man als Unbekannte in die Übertragungsgleichungen statt der Kraft‐ und Verformungsgrößen ihre Linear‐kombinationen ein, so läßt sich das Gleichungssystem aufspalten in zwei Systeme niederer Ordnung. In einem Beispiel wird mit Hilfe der Linearkombinationen die Zahl der Unbekannten auf die Hälfte reduziert.
Analysis der Motorfelder im Cosserat‐Kontinuum
Authors: Schaefer H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie von R. v. Mises vor mehr als 40 Jahren geschaffene und in dieser Zeitschrift veröffentlichte Motorrechnung wird um eine Motoranalysis erweitert. Anlaß zu diesen Untersuchungen bieten die Vektor‐ und Tensorfelder des Cosserat‐Kontinuums, dessen kleinste Elemente starre Körper sind. Sämtliche Verschiebungs‐, Deformations‐ und Spannungsgrößen erscheinen hier als Differentialformen, die jeweils die 6 Koordinaten eines Motors bilden. Die Analysis solcher Motorfelder ist die Geometrie einer affinen Konnexion, die auf der Parallelübertragung des Momentenvektors beruht. Als wirkungsvolles Hilfsmittel bei der Ausgestaltung der Analysis der Motorfelder erwies sich der Kalkül der alternierenden Differentialformen, der in dieser Arbeit nicht als bekannt vorausgesetzt wird. Die Begriffe des absoluten Differentials und Kodifferentials der Konnexion führen in einfachster Weise zu einer vollständigen Darstellung der motoriellen Differentialformen, insbesondere zu einer vollständigen Darstellung der Spannungen durch Spannungsfunktionen.
An approach to formal verification of human–computer interaction
Authors: Curzon Paul , Rukšėnas Rimvydas , Blandford Ann 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

The correct functioning of interactive computer systems depends on both the faultless operation of the device and correct human actions. In this paper, we focus on system malfunctions due to human actions. We present abstract principles that generate cognitively plausible human behaviour. These principles are then formalised in a higher-order logic as a
generic
, and so retargetable, cognitive architecture, based on results from cognitive psychology. We instantiate the generic cognitive architecture to obtain specific user models. These are then used in a series of case studies on the formal verification of simple interactive systems. By doing this, we demonstrate that our verification methodology can detect a variety of realistic, potentially erroneous actions, which emerge from the combination of a poorly designed device and cognitively plausible human behaviour.
Outcome of Adrenalectomy for Cushing’s Syndrome: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Mishra Anand Kumar , Agarwal Amit , Gupta Sushil , Agarwal G. , Verma A. K. , Mishra S. K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAdrenalectomy continues to play an important role in the management of Cushing’s syndrome (CS). Untreated CS causes considerable physical and mental morbidity and mortality. However, little information is available on the effect of adrenalectomy in ameliorating functional disabilities in CS patients. Our study assesses the long‐term outcome of adrenalectomy in patients with CS. This is a retrospective analysis of CS patients managed during 1990–2005 at a tertiary care center. We analyzed the clinical presentation, endocrine evaluation, and surgical management preoperatively and following adrenalectomy. The subjects were 37 patients with CS (age 24.5 ± 15 years, range 1–60 years; male:female 1.0:1.2). There were various etiologies—unilateral adrenocortical adenoma (n = 11), adrenocortical carcinoma (n = 13), pituitary ACTH‐secreting adenoma with failed transsphenoidal surgery (n = 4), ectopic unidentified ACTH source (n = 7), bilateral adrenal macronodular hyperplasia (n = 1), primary pigmented nodular adrenal hyperplasia (n = 1) —for which the patients underwent adrenalectomy: unilateral (n = 22), bilateral (n = 13), or adrenonephrectomy (n = 2). Two patients died during the perioperative period owing to chest infection and sepsis. At the median follow‐up of 60 months (range 6–144 months), the patients exhibit significant persistence of obesity (41%), proximal muscle weakness (44%), menstrual irregularity (8%), hypertension (31%), and insulin‐dependent diabetes (29%). Hirsutism and psychological abnormalities persisted to a lesser extent. All patients had biochemical cure of CS following surgery evidenced by the 8 a.m. basal cortisol ≤ 5 μg/dl. The hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis recovered as shown by normalization of the short synacthen‐stimulated cortisol level (peak level ≥ 20 μg/dl) after a median follow‐up of 9 months (range 6–18 months). Incomplete clinical recovery following adrenalectomy emphasizes the need of early recognition and prompt treatment of CS. Surgery for adrenocortical adenoma is safe and effective; however, survival of patients with CS due to adrenocortical carcinoma remains poor. Bilateral adrenalectomy provides early control of hypercortisolism in selected cases of unlocalized ectopic ACTH syndrome or failed transsphenoidal surgery. Even though functional recovery is incomplete after adrenalectomy, quality of life improves considerably.
A Detailed Cost and Efficiency Analysis of Performing Carpal Tunnel Surgery in the Main Operating Room versus the Ambulatory Setting in Canada
Authors: Leblanc Martin R. , Lalonde Janice , Lalonde Donald H. 
Published: May 2007

Background Our goals were to analyze cost and efficiency of performing carpal tunnel release (CTR) in the main operating room (OR) versus the ambulatory setting, and to document the venue of carpal tunnel surgery practices by plastic surgeons in Canada. Method A detailed analysis of the salaries of nonphysician personnel and materials involved in CTR performed in these settings was tabulated. Hospital statistical records were used to calculate our efficiency analysis. A survey of practicing plastic surgeons in Canada documented the venue of CTR performed by most. Results In a 3-h surgical block, we are able to perform nine CTRs in the ambulatory setting versus four in the main OR. The cost of CTR in the ambulatory setting is $36/case and $137/case in the main OR in the same hospital. Only 18% of Canadian respondents use the main OR exclusively for CTR, whereas 63% use it for some of their cases. The ambulatory setting is used exclusively by 37%, whereas 69% use it for greater than 95% of their cases. The majority of CTR cases (>95%) are done without an anesthesia provider by 73% of surgeons. Forty-three percent use epinephrine routinely with local anesthesia and 43% avoid the use of a tourniquet for at least some cases by using epinephrine for hemostasis. Conclusion The use of the main OR for CTR is almost four times as expensive, and less than half as efficient as in an ambulatory setting. In spite of this, many surgeons in Canada continue to use the more expensive, less efficient venue of the main OR for CTR.
Influence of Ionic Surfactants on the Formation of Liquid Crystals in Oleic Acid/Glycol/Water Systems
Authors: Comelles F. , Sánchez‐Leal J. , González J. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe influence of surfactant structure on the formation of lamellar liquid crystals with very low surfactant concentration was investigated for systems composed of oleic acid, diethyleneglycol ethyl ether and water. Surfactants belonging to anionic and cationic families were checked: phosphated oleyl ether 3 EO (PO3EO), triethanolamine oleate (TEAO) and sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) as anionic surfactants and two alkyl trimethylammonium bromide type (C12TAB and C14TAB) as cationic surfactants. For each of the surfactants, the appropriate relationships between surfactant, oleic acid and glycol to furnish lamellar liquid crystals when these basic compositions were further diluted with water were established. The appropriate ranges of dilution allowing the liquid crystal formation were also determined. These liquid crystals presented an attractive appearance because of their transparency and high viscosity, although in the beginning of its formation, a short range of less viscous compositions (so called liquid/gel compositions) appears in some cases. Through water dilution, the initial surfactant percentages are noticeably reduced being possible liquid crystals with 2–5 wt% of surfactant.
Uniform Fatty Acid Mobilization from Anatomically Distinct Fat Depots in the Sable (Martes zibellina)
Authors: Nieminen Petteri , Mustonen Anne‐Mari 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe mobilization of fatty acids (FA) is a selective process in humans, rodents and the few previously studied carnivores. The FA composition of and mobilization from different fat depots reflect the functions of adipose tissues, e.g. in energy storage or insulation. Sixteen farm‐raised sables (Martes zibellina), a terrestrial mustelid, were assigned into a fed control group or fasted for 4 days. The FA composition of the sable was relatively similar to other previously studied mustelids. The masses of the different fat depots decreased by 28–55% during fasting. The subcutaneous (sc) and intraabdominal (iab) fats had a uniform FA composition and the sable could mobilize both sc and iab FA. 18:3n‐3, 18:4n‐3 and 16:1n‐7 were effectively mobilized, while long‐chain saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated FA (MUFA) increased in proportion. Relative mobilization (RM) correlated inversely with the FA chain length and Δ9‐desaturation increased RM of several MUFA compared to SFA. The results reinforce the hypothesis that the terrestrial sable can utilize sc and iab fat depots as energy reserves during nutritional scarcity. The natural history of the species is an important determinant of the FA composition and RM between anatomically different fat depots.
Polar and Neutral Lipid Composition in the Pelagic TunicatePyrosoma atlanticum
Authors: Mayzaud Patrick , Boutoute Marc , Perissinotto Renzo , Nichols Peter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStructure and functioning of colonial pyrosomes are largely undescribed and their lipid characteristics have received limited attention. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap on one of the dominant speciesPyrosoma atlanticum. Lipid content is tightly coupled to size and weight. Lipid composition shows a large dominance of structural polar lipids. Neutral lipids were dominated by sterols with low levels of acylglycerols and free fatty acids. Phospholipids show a dominance of PC with intermediate percentages of PE and DPG. Other constituents (PS, PI, LPC, sphingolipids) were present at lower levels. Fatty acid composition of DAG and TAG showed a dominance of saturated acids (16:0, 14:0), DHA and intermediate levels of MUFA. Phospholipids were dominated by DHA with values exceeding 30% of total FA in all categories except for PI, where lower percentages occurred. Saturated acids were second in abundance with MUFA showing intermediate concentrations. Sterols were dominated by 24‐methylcholesta‐5,22E‐dien‐3β‐ol with more than 22% of the total sterol. Cholesterol (cholest‐5‐en‐3β‐ol) represented only 12 % of the total while 24‐methylcholesta‐5,24(28)E‐dien‐3β‐ol accounted for 11% of the total sterols. The low levels of triacylglycerols and free fatty acids, coupled with high concentrations of glycolipids and phytoplankton‐derived degraded chloropigments, is evidence of a direct link with the digestive activity and substantiate the idea of a high physiological turnover as an alternative to large lipid accumulation. The fatty acid and sterol profiles are consistent with a diverse phytoplankton diet, and a strong contribution of phospholipid classes to energy needs, including locomotion.
Diesters from Oleic Acid: Synthesis, Low Temperature Properties, and Oxidation Stability
Authors: Moser Bryan R. , Sharma Brajendra K. , Doll Kenneth M. , Erhan Sevim Z. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSeveral diesters were prepared from commercially available oleic acid and common organic acids. The key step in the three step synthesis of oleochemical diesters entails a ring opening esterification of alkyl 9,10‐epoxyoctadecanoates (alkyl: propyl, isopropyl, octyl, 2‐ethylhexyl) using propionic and octanoic acids without the need for either solvent or catalyst. Each synthetic diester was evaluated for both low temperature operability and oxidation stability through measurement of cloud point, pour point, oxidation onset temperature, and signal maximum temperature. It was discovered that increasing chain length of the mid‐chain ester and branching in the end‐chain ester had a positive influence on the low temperature properties of diesters. Improved oxidation stability is achieved when the chain length of the mid‐chain ester is decreased. Additionally, the mid‐chain ester plays a larger role in oxidation stability than the end‐chain ester. These products may prove useful in the search for bio‐based industrial materials, such as lubricants, surfactants, and fuel additives.