bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of hepatitis C virus in thyroid tissue from patients with chronic HCV infection
Authors: Bartolomé Javier , Rodríguez‐Iñigo Elena , Quadros Pedro , Vidal Sonia , Pascual‐Miguelañez Isabel , Rodríguez‐Montes José Antonio , García‐Sancho Luis , Carreño Vicente 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThyroid dysfunctions are common in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HCV‐RNA has been detected by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in thyroid from HCV infected patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. However, morphological evidence of HCV replication in thyroid cells from immune competent patients has not been provided. In situ hybridization and real‐time‐PCR were used to analyze HCV‐RNA replication in thyroid tissue from 11 patients (3 anti‐HCV, serum HCV‐RNA positive; 8 anti‐HCV negative). Genomic and antigenomic HCV‐RNA was detected in the thyroid of the 3 anti‐HCV positive patients at concentrations of 2.6 × 104, 1.7 × 104, and 8.6 × 103 copies/µg of total RNA (genomic) and 3.2 × 102, 4.3 × 103 and 2.9 × 102 HCV‐RNA copies/µg of total RNA (antigenomic). No HCV‐RNA was detected in the thyroid tissue of the 8 anti‐HCV negative patients. Presence of genomic/antigenomic HCV‐RNA in the 3 anti‐HCV positive cases was confirmed by in situ hybridization. Signals were observed in the cytoplasm of the thyroid cells. In conclusion, the data obtained indicate that HCV may infect cells of the thyroid in immune competent patients with chronic HCV infection. The pathogenic implications of this finding merit further research. J. Med. Virol. 80:1588–1594, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of cut‐type on quality of minimally processed papaya
Authors: Argañosa A Carla SJ , Raposo M Filomena J , Teixeira Paula CM , Morais Alcina MMB 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:This research was undertaken to study the effects of different cut‐types (cube, parallelepiped, cylinder and sphere) on the quality and shelf‐life of papaya cv. Sunrise Solo. Physicochemical analyses were carried out during 10 days of storage at 4 °C to determine colour, firmness, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, weight loss and vitamin C content. Microbiological analysis and sensory evaluation were also performed.RESULTS:Papaya spheres (1.55 cm radius) presented the most favourable physicochemical and microbiological properties (smaller changes in colour parametersL*,a*,b*, chroma and hue angle, firmer texture, lower increase in pH, higher titratable acidity, almost constant total soluble solids, reduced weight loss, high vitamin C content and lower microbial loads) and sensory characteristics on day 10, while papaya cubes (1.4 cm side) proved to be the least acceptable.CONCLUSION:The results of physicochemical, microbiological and sensory analyses performed on different cut‐types of papaya indicated acceptable fresh‐cut produce during 10 days of storage at 4 °C. The potential shelf‐life at 4 °C is therefore 10 days, provided that no contamination occurs in the postharvest period and during minimal processing operations. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Anti‐peroxidation effect of guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) leaf soluble solids in vitro and in streptozotocin/ nicotinamide‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Chuang Pei‐Ting , Shen Szu‐Chuan , Wu Ning‐Jung , Wu James Swi‐Bea 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Many people in oriental countries, including Japan and Taiwan, believe that guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) leaves are helpful in retarding the progress of type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of water‐soluble solids (WSS) and ethanol‐soluble solids (ESS) of guava leaves on lipid peroxidation in vitro and in type 2 diabetic rats in order to obtain a better understanding of the mechanism of retardation of diabetes.RESULTS: It was found that ESS contained significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid levels than WSS (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, WSS showed higher superoxide dismutase‐like activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition ability than ESS in vitro (P < 0.05). Also, reduced levels of serum triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein and liver thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances were found in type 2 diabetic rats fed with either WSS or ESS as compared with control animals (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Anti‐peroxidation of lipids is a possible mechanism for guava leaves to retard the progress of diabetes. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of the volatile chemical markers of explosives using novel solid phase microextraction coupled to ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Guerra Patricia , Lai Hanh , Almirall José R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIon mobility spectrometry (IMS) is routinely used in screening checkpoints for the detection of explosives and illicit drugs but it mainly relies on the capture of particles on a swab surface for the detection. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) has been coupled to IMS for the preconcentration of explosives and their volatile chemical markers and, although it has improved the LODs over a standalone IMS, it is limited to sampling in small vessels by the fiber geometry. Novel planar geometry SPME devices coated with PDMS and sol–gel PDMS that do not require an additional interface to IMS are now reported for the first time. The explosive, 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), is sampled with the planar SPME reaching extraction equilibrium faster than with fiber SPME, concentrating detectable levels of TNT in a matter of minutes. The surface area, capacity, extraction efficiency, and LODs are also improved over fiber SPME allowing for sampling in larger volumes. The volatile chemical markers, 2,4‐dinitrotoluene, cyclohexanone, and the taggant 4‐nitrotoluene have also been successfully extracted by planar SPME and detected by IMS at mass loadings below 1 ng of extracted analyte on the planar device for TNT, for example.
SPE and HPLC/UV of resin acids in colophonium‐containing products
Authors: Nilsson Ulrika , Berglund Naghmeh , Lindahl Fredrik , Axelsson Sara , Redeby Theres , Lassen Pia , Karlberg Ann‐Therese 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA new method, involving SPE and HPLC/UV diode‐array detection (DAD), was developed for the quantification of colophonium components in different consumer products, such as cosmetics. Colophonium is a common cause of contact dermatitis since its components can oxidize into allergens on exposure to air. Three different resin acids were used as markers for native and oxidized colophonium, abietic acid (AbA), dehydroabietic acid (DeA), and 7‐oxodehydroabietic acid (7‐O‐DeA). The SPE method, utilizing a mixed‐mode hydrophobic and anion exchange retention mechanism, was shown to yield very clean extracts. The use of a urea‐embedded C12 HPLC stationary phase improved the separation of the resin acids compared to common C18. Concentrations higher than 2 mg/g of both AbA and DeA were detected in wax strips. In this product also 7‐O‐DeA, a marker for oxidized colophonium, was detected at a level of 28 μg/g. The LODs were in the range of 7–19 μg/g and the LOQs 22–56 μg/g. The method is simple to use and can be applied on many types of technical products, not only cosmetics. For the first time, a method for technical products was developed, which separates AbA from pimaric acid.
Productivity enhancement of salt‐affected environments through crop diversification
Authors: Qadir M. , Tubeileh A. , Akhtar J. , Larbi A. , Minhas P. S. , Khan M. A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRecent trends and future demographic projections suggest that the need to produce more food and fibre will necessitate effective utilization of salt‐affected land and saline water resources. Currently at least 20 per cent of the world's irrigated land is salt affected and/or irrigated with waters containing elevated levels of salts. Several major irrigation schemes have suffered from the problems of salinity and sodicity, reducing their agricultural productivity and sustainability. Productivity enhancement of salt‐affected land and saline water resources through crop‐based management has the potential to transform them from environmental burdens into economic opportunities. Research efforts have led to the identification of a number of field crops, forage grasses and shrubs, aromatic and medicinal species, bio‐fuel crops, and fruit tree and agroforestry systems, which are profitable and suit a variety of salt‐affected environments. Several of these species have agricultural significance in terms of their local utilization on the farm. Therefore, crop diversification systems based on salt‐tolerant plant species are likely to be the key to future agricultural and economic growth in regions where salt‐affected soils exist, saline drainage waters are generated, and/or saline aquifers are pumped for irrigation. However, such systems will need to consider three issues: improving the productivity per unit of salt‐affected land and saline water resources, protecting the environment and involving farmers in the most suitable and sustainable crop diversifying systems to mitigate any perceived risks. This review covers different aspects of salt‐affected land and saline water resources, synthesizes research knowledge on salinity/sodicity tolerances in different plant species, and highlights promising examples of crop diversification and management to improve and maximize benefits from these resources. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A direct comparison of pulsed dye, alexandrite, KTP and Nd:YAG lasers and IPL in patients with previously treated capillary malformations
Authors: McGill David J. , MacLaren William , Mackay Iain R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIntroductionSeveral studies have reported laser treatment of Capillary Malformations (CMs) using systems other than pulsed dye lasers (PDL). Few, however, have compared different systems in the same patients. This study aimed to directly compare CM fading using five different systems.MethodsEighteen previously PDL‐treated patients were test‐patched using the alexandrite, KTP, and Nd:YAG lasers and intense pulsed light (IPL) with additional PDL patches as a control. Pre‐ and post‐treatment videomicroscopy, and colour measurements using Munsell colour charts were carried out.ResultsFour patients failed to respond to any test patches. The alexandrite laser test patches had the largest mean improvement in Munsell colour following treatment (P = 0.023) and resulted in CM fading in 10 patients, although 4 patients developed hyperpigmentation, and 1 patient scarring, following treatment. In addition, the alexandrite laser caused a significant decrease in mean post‐treatment capillary diameter (P = 0.007), which was not mirrored by the other systems. The KTP and Nd:YAG lasers were least effective, with fading seen in two patients for both systems, whilst IPL patches resulted in CM fading in six patients. In addition, five patients had further CM fading using double‐passed PDL treatment. Mean pre‐treatment capillary diameter measurements were predictive of those patients likely to respond to laser treatment.ConclusionsAlexandrite laser treatment was the most effective, but resulted in hyperpigmentation and scarring in four patients, probably due to its deeper penetration and lower specificity for oxyhaemoglobin causing non‐specific dermal damage. Double passing of the PDL can result in further CM fading even in previously treated patients. Videomicroscopy measurements of capillary diameter before treatment may be predictive of the likelihood for patient's to respond to laser treatment. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:390–398, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photothermal response of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Oh Junghwan , Kang Hyun Wook , Feldman Marc D. , Milner Thomas E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSuperparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been used as MRI contrast agents in medical imaging. The purpose of this study was to explore the photothermal response of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications.Study Design/Materials and MethodsAbsorbance, temperature increase, and optical path length change of solutions of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, SPIO and MION, in response to a 532 nm pulsed laser irradiation were measured.ResultsBoth SPIO and MION showed absorption at 532 nm, temperature increase, and optical path length change. SPIO and MION underwent selective heating due to absorption of laser energy (532 nm).ConclusionTemperature increase and optical path length change of SPIO and MION in response to 532 nm pulsed laser irradiation demonstrate a potential application of these particles in biomedical imaging. For further study, additional experiments applying the photothermal response of SPIO and MION in tissues are required. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:415–421, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful treatment of acneiform scarring with CO2ablative fractional resurfacing
Authors: Chapas Anne M. , Brightman Lori , Sukal Sean , Hale Elizabeth , Daniel David , Bernstein Leonard J. , Geronemus Roy G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundAcneiform scarring after severe episodes of acne is a common cosmetic concern, treatable by a variety of modalities with varying degrees of success. Ablative CO2laser resurfacing, while effective, is associated with an undesirable side effects profile, lengthy recovery period, and risk of infection as well as potential pigmentary alterations. Newer modalities using the principles of fractional photothermolysis (FP) create patterns of tiny microscopic wounds surrounded by undamaged tissue beneath the skin with an erbium‐doped 1,550 nm laser. These devices produce more modest results in many cases than traditional carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers but with fewer side effects and shorter recovery periods. A novel ablative 30 W CO2laser device uses a technique called ablative fractional resurfacing (AFR), combines CO2ablation with a FP system.MethodsThirteen subjects (skin types I–IV, aged 28–58 years) with moderate to severe acne scars underwent two or three treatments with the AFR device at 1–2 months intervals. Post‐treatment erythema and edema as well as improvements in texture, atrophy, and overall satisfaction with appearance were graded on a quartile scale by subjects and investigators after each treatment and 1 and 3 months after the final treatment. Petechiae, oozing and crusting, dyschromia, and scarring were graded as present or absent 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months following each treatment. A three‐dimensional optical profiling system (Primos imaging) was used to generate a high resolution topographic representation of the acneiform scar in order to measure the depths of 10 scars from each cheek prior to the first treatment and 3 months after the last treatment.ResultsPost‐treatment side effects were mild to moderate and transient, resolving rapidly within the study period. No delayed onset hypo‐pigmentation or permanent scarring was observed. Quartile grading scores correlating to at least 26–50% improvements in texture, atrophy, and overall improvement were noted in all patients. Primos topographic analysis showed that all patients had quantifiable objective improvement in the depths of acneiform scars that ranged from 43% to 79.9% with a mean level of improvement of 66.8%.ConclusionSuccessfully combining ablative technology with FP, AFR treatments constitute a safe and effective treatment modality for acneiform scarring. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:381–386, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Conjugated Polymer‐Based Electrochemical DNA Sensor: Design and Application of a Multi‐Functional and Water‐Soluble Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Zhang Lanyong , Sun Huan , Li Di , Song Shiping , Fan Chunhai , Wang Shu 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this work, we report the design of a new multi‐functional, water‐soluble conjugated polymer integrating both a DNA intercalator and a redox label. Based on this multi‐functional conjugated polymer, we develop a sequence‐specific electrochemical DNA sensor, where the acridine unit serves as the basis for sequence discrimination, and the ferrocene label provides the electrochemical signal. Moreover, the conjugated polythiophene helps transfer electrons from ferrocene to the electrode. This sensor provides a new way for rapid and convenient detection of DNA targets.magnified image
Reversal of head drop after discontinuation of olanzapine in a DLB patient
Authors: Aries Marcel J.H. , Debruyne Hans , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Le Bastard Nathalie , Somers Nore , Gorissen Dagmar , Pickut Barbara A. , De Deyn Peter Paul 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe present a 72‐year‐oldpatient with probable diffuse Lewy body disease and visual hallucinations, who developed subacute reversible “dropped head syndrome” and parkinsonian signs after the introduction of olanzapine at a total daily dose of 10 mg. One week after olanzapine was withdrawn, the patient's posture started to improve. Further improvement was achieved after dopaminergic substitution. Clinical and electrophysiological observations might indicate neck extensor myopathy due to axial rigidity or focal neck dystonia, induced by dopamine receptor blockade. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Elevated serotonin transporter binding in depressed patients with Parkinson's disease: A preliminary PET study with [11C]DASB
Authors: Boileau Isabelle , Warsh Jerry J. , Guttman Mark , Saint‐Cyr Jean A. , McCluskey Tina , Rusjan Pablo , Houle Sylvain , Wilson Alan A. , Meyer Jeffrey H. , Kish Stephen J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study investigated whether abnormalities in serotonin transporter binding occur in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with concurrent depression. We estimated serotonin transporter levels in seven clinically depressed early‐stage PD patients and in seven healthy matched‐control subjects during a single positron emission tomography (PET) scan with the serotonin transporter radioligand, [11C]DASB. Depressed PD patients displayed a wide‐spread increase (8–68%) in [11C]DASB specific binding outside of the striatum, which was significant in dorsolateral (37%) and prefrontal (68%) cortices. Elevated [11C]DASB binding was positively correlated with depressive symptoms but not with disease severity or duration. Compatible with recent PET/[11C]DASB findings in major depression, the present preliminary data suggest that increased [11C]DASB binding, possibly reflecting greater serotonin transporter density (up‐regulation), might be a pathological feature of depression in Parkinson's disease—and possibly a characteristic of depressive illness in general. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
What relation is there between deep brain stimulation and coping strategies in Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Montel Sébastien , Bungener Catherine 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe investigated the effect of the deep brain stimulation (DBS) on coping strategies while taking depression into account. Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were divided into three groups matched for sex, age, and disease severity: one, just before DBS, another at 12 months post DBS, and a group of patients not being considered for DBS. Each patient was asked to complete two self‐reports about their coping styles: The ways of coping check list and the coping with health, injuries, and problems scale. The Montgomery and Asberg depression rating scale was assessed by a psychologist. After control for depression, significant differences were noticed concerning two coping strategies: instrumental (P < 0.01) and emotional (P < 0.05) ones, with higher instrumental coping strategies (seeking more information) for patients prior DBS and higher emotional strategies (avoidance, emotional preoccupation) for patients not being considered for surgery. These results confirmed our clinical impression that coping strategies differ as a function of the surgical status of PD patients. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society.
Swept‐frequency two‐pulse phase modulation (SWf‐TPPM) sequences with linear sweep profile for heteronuclear decoupling in solid‐state NMR
Authors: Vinod Chandran C. , Madhu P. K. , Kurur Narayanan D. , Bräuniger Thomas 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRecently, a pulse scheme for heteronuclear spin decoupling in solid‐state NMR, called swept‐frequency two‐pulse phase modulation (SWf‐TPPM), was introduced which outperforms the standard TPPM and small phase incremental alteration (SPINAL) schemes. It has also been shown that the frequency‐sweep profile can be varied to achieve optimal efficiency for crystalline and liquid‐crystalline samples, respectively. Here we present a detailed comparison of the proton decoupling performance for SWf‐TPPM sequences with tangential sweep profiles (SWftan‐TPPM) and linear sweep profiles (SWflin‐TPPM). Using the 13CH2 resonance of crystalline tyrosine as a model system, it is shown that linear profiles have a decoupling performance which is at least as good and in some instances slightly better than that obtained from tangential sweep profiles. While tangential sweep profiles require a tangent cut‐off angle as an additional parameter, the lack of that parameter makes linear sweep profiles easier to implement and optimise. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospective double‐blind crossover trial of ibuprofen in reducing EMG pain
Authors: El‐Salem Khalid , Shakhatreh Mohammad 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTo test the efficacy of ibuprofen in reducing needle electromyography (EMG) pain we studied 30 healthy volunteers randomized to receive placebo or ibuprofen (400 mg) 2 h before EMG using concentric needle electrodes in four muscles. The electromyographer and volunteer were both blinded. Immediately after EMG, subjects reported their experience of pain on a visual analog scale (VAS). A day later, they filled a VAS for their memory of pain during EMG and a VAS for the residual pain at needle sites. A week later, subjects were crossed over and the same procedure was repeated on the same muscles of the contralateral limbs. Immediate recall of pain was significantly decreased by ibuprofen, but memory of pain and residual needle site pain a day after EMG were not decreased. We conclude that ibuprofen is effective in reducing EMG pain as perceived immediately after the procedure. Premedication with ibuprofen before EMG is useful. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Chemical sympathectomy further increases muscle protein degradation of acutely diabetic rats
Authors: Baviera Amanda Martins , Zanon Neusa Maria , Navegantes Luiz Carlos C. , Migliorini Renato Hélios , Kettelhut Isis C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe present work investigated the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the control of protein degradation in skeletal muscles from rats with streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes. Diabetes (1, 3, and 5 days after STZ) induced a significant increase in the norepinephrine content of soleus and EDL muscles, but it did not affect plasma catecholamine levels. Chemical sympathectomy induced by guanethidine (100 mg/kg body weight, for 1 or 2 days) reduced muscle norepinephrine content to negligible levels (less than 5%), decreased plasma epinephrine concentration, and further increased the high rate of protein degradation in muscles from acutely diabetic rats. The rise in the rate of proteolysis (nmol.mg wet wt−1.2h−1) in soleus from 1‐day diabetic sympathectomized rats was associated with increased activities of lysosomal (0.127 ± 0.008 vs. 0.086 ± 0.013 in diabetic control) and ubiquitin (Ub)‐proteasome‐dependent proteolytic pathways (0.154 ± 0.007 vs. 0.121 ± 0.006 in diabetic control). Increases in Ca2+‐dependent (0.180 ± 0.007 vs. 0.121 ± 0.011 in diabetic control) and Ub‐proteasome‐dependent proteolytic systems (0.092 ± 0.003 vs. 0.060 ± 0.002 in diabetic control) were observed in EDL from 1‐day diabetic sympathectomized rats. The lower phosphorylation levels of AKT and Foxo3a in EDL muscles from 3‐day diabetic rats were further decreased by sympathectomy. The data suggest that the SNS exerts acute inhibitory control of skeletal muscle proteolysis during the early stages of diabetes in rats, probably involving the AKT/Foxo signaling pathway. Muscle Nerve, 2008