bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IN VITRO EFFECTS OF LATS AND TSH ON PHOSPHODIESTERASE ACTIVITY IN HUMAN THYROID HOMOGENATES
Authors: Miyai K. , Amino N. , Azukizawa M. , Kumahara Y. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The in vitro effects of long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) and thyrotrophin (TSH) on phosphodiesterase activity in human thyroid homogenates were studied. The enzyme activity was estimated by the destruction of 3H-cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate. Bovine TSH had no effect on the enzyme activity. Five experiments were carried out using different batches of LATS-IgG and normal IgG which were preincubated with thyroid homogenates or not. There was no significant difference between the enzyme activity with LATS-IgG and that with normal IgG, while the activity was mostly inhibited by theophylline. These data are not consistent with the hypothesis that LATS acts as an antibody to phosphodiesterase.
FRACTIONATION OF 3–8S IODOCOMPOUNDS OF THE RAT THYROID
Authors: Spira O. , Gordon A. , Gross J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The 3–8S iodocompounds of the rat thyroid were separated by means of electrodialysis on polyacrylamide gel columns into a dialyzable fraction (D) and non-dialyzable fraction (ND). The non-dialyzable fraction consisted of 4 peaks, one of which had the electrophoretic mobility of rat serum albumin. All 4 iodoproteins of the non-dialyzable fraction were shown in vitro to incorporate 3H-Leucine. The dialyzable fraction consisted of 6 iodine containing peaks, all of which incorporated 3H-Leucine. The half life and relative iodine pool size of each compound were determined and compared to the 19S thyroglobulin fraction.
UPTAKE OF [1,2-3H] TESTOSTERONE IN OESTROGENIZED MALE RATS
Authors: Simmons J. Emmett 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A decrease in uptake of tritiated testosterone by the hypothalamus was observed in adult, castrated male rats previously injected with 100 μg oestradiol undecylate on either postnatal days 1 or 5. Moreover, a decrease in pituitary incorporation of labelled testosterone was observed in those animals injected with oestradiol on day 1.
Neonatal (5 day) male rats injected with oestradiol 3 hours prior to administering labelled testosterone showed a significant decrease in uptake of label in the pituitary and an increase in uptake by the hypothalamus as compared to oil injected controls. It is suggested that neonatal oestrogenization of male rats affects testosterone receptor mechanisms in the hypothalamus and/or pituitary.
INFLUENCE OF NEONATAL GESTAGEN INJECTION ON THE DIFFERENTIATION OF PSYCHOSEXUALITY IN FEMALE RATS
Authors: Steinbeck H. , Cupceancu B. , Mehring M. , Neumann F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of neonatal injection of gestagens with androgenic, oestrogenic, or no side activities on sexual behaviour differentiation was studied in female rats. Single injections of norethindrone acetate, ethinodiol diacetate and norethindrone oenanthate, which are steroids with inherent oestrogenic activities, suppressed the capacity to display lordosis responses in adult life after hormonal stimulation. Both norethindrone esters also caused a certain shift of psychosexuality towards masculinity. The incidence of bisexuality was, however, extremely low in all the rats.
Androgenic gestagens, i. e. d.l-norgestrel and norethandrolone, did not suppress female differentiation of sexuality; there was moreover no increase in male behavioural patterns. Norhydroxyprogesterone caproate, megestrol acetate and a new synthetic progesterone derivative (clomegestone acetate), all steroids with no side activities, were without any effect on mating behaviour differentiation. Allylestrenol and medroxyprogesterone acetate suppressed the capacity to display feminine mating patterns but did not induce male behaviour. It is most likely, however, that this result is due to the administration of higher gestagen doses rather than to any side effects of either steroid.
PEPTIDYL PEPTIDE HYDROLASES, CATHEPSIN AND COLLAGENASE (?) OF THE RAT UTERUS DURING POSTPARTUM INVOLUTION
Authors: Platt Dieter , Frackenpohl Hanke 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
1. The activity of cathepsin and of collagenase in the rat uterus during parturition and in post partum involution increased significantly 60 h after parturition. 2. Cathepsin activity was measured using haemoglobin as substrate at pH 4.1. 3. Collagenase activity was tested with 4-phenyl-azo-benzyloxy-carbonyl-L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycyl-L-prolyl-D-arginine-OH as substrate at pH 8.5. 4. The protein content of the rat uterus remained constant during post partum involution. 5. The DNA content increased significantly.
INCREASE IN THYROID UPTAKE OF RADIOIODINE INDUCED BY ACTINOMYCIN D
Authors: Wägar G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of a single subcutaneous (sc) injection of actinomycin D (act D) on thyroidal radioiodine uptake and on the disappearance of radioiodine from the blood was studied in mice. Act D was given 24 h before the tracer. Act D induced an increase in the uptake as compared with the controls. The uptake maximum was reached after 48 h in act D treated mice in contrast to the controls, in which the maximum occurred 12 h after the tracer. Paper chromatography of the thyroidal iodocompounds showed no changes after act D treatment. The rate of disappearance of radioiodine from the blood was lower after act D. Blocking of the thyroidal uptake with perchlorate did not influence the disappearance rate. The renal radioiodine clearance was lower in act D mice than in the controls, but the urea clearance was not significantly decreased. Act D treatment caused both dehydration and starvation in the mice. These findings suggest that act D influences a) the renal radio-iodine clearance through prerenal mechanisms and that it b) increases thyroidal uptake mainly by changes in the iodide compartment.
THE BINDING CAPACITY OF THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
Authors: Siersbæk-Nielsen K. , Hansen J. Mølholm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The binding capacity of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), and total and dialysable thyroxine in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in serum have been estimated in 13 euthyroid patients with normal and elevated CSF protein and in 5 hyperthyroid and 5 hypothyroid patients. In the normal group, the mean value of TBG in CSF was found to be 2.7 ng/ml and 207 ng/ml in serum. TBG in CSF in relation to the total protein content was found to be much higher than TBG in the serum in relation to the total serum protein. In the euthyroid patients with elevated CSF protein TBG was also increased but not proportional to the increase in the protein concentration. In the hyperthyroid patients TBG in CSF was decreased and was lower than the elevated total thyroxine values. Dialysable thyroxine, however, showed only a moderate increase indicating that proteins other than TBG must bind a considerable part of total thyroxine in CSF in hyperthyroid patients. In myxoedema TBG was found to be elevated in proportion to the slightly elevated CSF protein content. It is concluded that TBG in normal CSF seems to be the physiologically most important thyroxine-binding protein.
OCCURRENCE OF 19-OXOANDROST-4-ENE-3,17-DIONE IN THE COURSE OF OESTROGEN BIOSYNTHESIS BY EQUINE TESTICULAR MICROSOMES
Authors: Oh Ran , Tamaoki Bun-ichi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Radioactive 19-oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione was obtained as one of the metabolites produced from the 14C-labelled androstenedione and 19-hydroxy-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione by equine testicular microsomes (10 000–105 000 × g precipitate) under an aerobic condition. Under an anaerobic condition, however, the production of 19-oxoandrostenedione and oestrone from the above two precursors was severely reduced. Identification of 19-oxoandrostenedione was based on the following criteria: 1. Mobilities of the metabolite were identical with those of authentic preparation of 19-oxoandrostenedione on thin layer chromatograms developed in several different solvent systems. 2. Other physico-chemical characteristics of the metabolite such as ultraviolet absorption spectrum, and behaviour against chemical reagents were similar to those of authentic 19-oxoandrostenedione. 3. Specific activities of the crystal and the solid in mother liquor were found to be constant, when the 14C-labelled metabolite was repeatedly crystallized with authentic 19-oxoandrostenedione. 4. Moreover, when the 14C-labelled metabolite was recrystallized with authentic 3H-labelled 19-oxoandrostenedione, ratios of the two radioisotopes of the crystal and the solid in mother liquor were constant. The time course of the metabolism of androstenedione and 19-hydroxyandrostenedione revealed that the metabolic fate of 19-oxoandrostenedione had characteristics compatible with an intermediate in the oestrone synthesis from the above two precursors. The role of this particular metabolite was discussed in relation to the oestrogen synthesis in the equine testicular tissue.
THE EXCRETION OF »LABILE« OESTROGENS DURING HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Cohen Saul L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Recently a new method of assaying the »labile oestrogens« of pregnancy urine became available as the difference between the »ammonium sulphate total«, which measures the »total (stable + labile) oestrogens« of the urine, and a »modified Brown total«, which measures its »total stable« oestrogens content. The »labile oestrogen« fraction increases during normal (uncomplicated) pregnancy, from an average of 17 per cent at 20 weeks of pregnancy to 48 per cent of the »modified Brown« total at term, or from 15 to 33 per cent of the »ammonium sulphate total« for the same time periods. Since the ketolic oestrogens form an approximately constant 15 (14–16) per cent of the total oestrogens excreted during a normal pregnancy (Hobkirk & Nilsen 1962; Hobkirk et al. 1970), this increasing percentage of total »labile« oestrogens must therefore be due to an increase in non-ketolic labile oestrogen(s). This increase in the »labile« fraction is such that it tends to compensate for the decreasing per cent of »total« oestrogen yielded by the oestrone + oestradiol fractions of the urine with progressing pregnancy. Thus the oestrone + oestradiol plus the »labile« fractions tend to fall within the range of 30 to 35 per cent of the »ammonium sulphate total«; and the oestriol fractions excreted during a normal pregnancy tend to fall within the range of 65 to 70 per cent, but may occasionally reach levels of close to 50 per cent or greater than 80 per cent, of this »total«.
THE USE OF CARBON SKELETON CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE DETECTION OF STEROID DRUG METABOLITES: THE METABOLISM OF ANABOLIC STEROIDS IN MAN
Authors: Adhikary P. M. , Harkness R. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The use of carbon skeleton chromatography for the detection of anabolic steroid drug metabolites has been studied in man. The known metabolites of methandrostenolone and 19-nortestosterone were detected both by carbon skeleton chromatography and conventional methods; in addition, some previously unrecognised polar metabolites of 19-nortestosterone were found. Previously unknown metabolites of norethandrolone and oxymetholone have been detected by carbon skeleton chromatography. The urinary metabolites of the above compounds, except for methandrostenolone, were extractable after incubation with a β-glucuronidase preparation; the metabolites of methandrostenolone were freely extractable from urine. A number of steroids with uncommon structures and steroid alkaloids have been successfully reduced to compounds which behave chromatographically like hydrocarbons; therefore, the detection of the metabolites of many such compounds by carbon skeleton chromatography may be possible.
DEVELOPMENT OF OVARIAN AUTOGRAFTS ON THE GREATER OMENTUM OF OVARIECTOMIZED AND HEMI-OVARIECTOMIZED RATS UNITED BY COELIO-ANASTOMOSIS
Authors: Ber Artur 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ovariectomized and hemi-ovariectomized 3 week old non-littermate rats bearing ovarian implants on the greater omentum were parabiosed by coelio-anastomosis. Controls consisted of 67 spayed and 58 hemi-spayed single animals with similar ovarian implants.
To each pair of parabionts an older female rat served as »nurse« keeping them in relatively good health; the mortality rate, nevertheless reached about 20 %.
After one month 15 parabiotic pairs and all the control animals were killed.
In the hemi-spayed parabionts the mean weights of the uteri and ovaries in situ were significantly higher than in single control animals while the rise in the mean pituitary weight was not significant. The mean weight of the implants was the same as in the control rats.
In the spayed parabionts the mean weights of the uteri and pituitaries were significantly higher than in single control rats. The small decrease in the mean weight of the implants was not statistically significant.
The results obtained show that oestrogens passed from the hemi-spayed to the spayed animals probably causing inter alia, a decrease in gonadotrophin production and release. The amount of gonadotrophins passing from the spayed to the hemi-spayed partners was, however, sufficient to influence the development of the ovaries and uteri. In contrast, the development of the ovarian implants was not stimulated.
This discrepancy confirms the assumption that the ovary in situ produces a substance which inhibits gonadotrophic activity at the level of the implant.
HYDROXYPROLINE, CALCIUM, AND MAGNESIUM CONTENTS OF BONES IN RATS AFTER LONG-TERM TREATMENT WITH CALCITONIN
Authors: Sørensen O. Helmer , Hindberg Inge , Bank-Mikkelsen O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Intact, parathyroidectomized, and thyroparathyroidectomized rats were treated for 30 days with 3 daily injections of calcitonin. At the end of the experiment the contents of hydroxyproline, calcium, and magnesium were determined in the clavicles and the tibias. Compared to the control groups, which received the vehicle for calcitonin, no conclusive bone changes could be observed in the treated rats.
THE EFFECT OF CHLORMADINONE ACETATE ON PROGESTERONE SECRETION AND METABOLISM
Authors: Collins W. P. , Koullapis E. N. , Sommerville I. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of chlormadinone acetate (6-chloro-17α-hydroxypregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione-17-acetate) on the secretion and metabolism of progesterone has been investigated in six healthy women. Twenty-four hour urine samples were collected daily throughout pre-treatment cycles and again throughout the second cycle of treatment with 0.5 mg/day chlormadinone acetate. In all urine specimens LH, pregnanediol, oestrone, 17β-oestradiol, and oestriol were determined. Progesterone metabolism was assessed in terms of the transformation of labelled progesterone administered intravenously nine days after the urinary LH peak and progesterone production was calculated from the conversion of labelled hormone to urinary 5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol glucuroniside and the mass of urinary metabolite of endogenous origin. The results suggested that although the LH peak was markedly suppressed in all subjects (P 0.05 – 0.02; t test), the ovarian response could be divided into two categories. In three individuals, a low but definite premenstrual rise in LH excretion persisted and this was associated with normal or only moderately suppressed progesterone production rates. In addition, there was only a minimal decrease in the level of pregnanediol during the luteal phase of the cycle and in the cyclical excretion of urinary oestrogens. These results are consistent with the luteinisation of a developing follicle without ovulation having necessarily occurred. In the remaining three subjects, the premenstrual rise in LH was not detectable and progesterone production was markedly suppressed. There was no evidence of a rise in pregnanediol in the second half of the cycle in two patients and in the third the level was markedly reduced. In addition, in two of those cycles there was suppression of urinary oestrogen excretion. In treated cycles, there was a significantly lower incorporation of radioactivity into products liberated by solvolysis (P 0.02–0.01; t test). Furthermore, in subjects in whom the progesterone production rate was not markedly suppressed, there was a significant decrease in the conversion of administered progesterone to 5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol (P 0.01–0.001; t test) and some increase in the conversion to 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (P 0.02–0.01;t test).
PLASMA TESTOSTERONE AND URINARY STEROIDS IN JAPANESE WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIES
Authors: Kurachi K. , Miyazaki M. , Mizutani S. , Matsumoto K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Urinary metabolites of cortisol, 11-oxy-17-ketosteroids, 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroids and oestrogens were measured in 8 normal Japanese women and 21 Japanese patients with polycystic ovaries, both before and after dexamethasone administration or ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotrophin under adrenal suppression. Plasma testosterone was estimated in 12 normal women and also in 9 of the patients.
It has been suggested that polycystic ovaries secrete significantly larger quantities of androgens than normal ovaries, even though very few Japanese women with polycystic ovaries show any signs of hirsutism. Although the patients had higher mean plasma testosterone value (58 ± 35 (sd) ng/100 ml) than the normal controls (30 ± 15 (sd) ng/100 ml), only 2 of the 9 patients had plasma testosterone values higher than the normal range. Of the 9 patients, hirsutism was found in the one who showed the highest value (141 ng/100). No evidence of the failure of oestrogen formation from androgens was obtained in Japanese women with polycystic ovaries.
TRYPSIN INHIBITORS IN THE HUMAN FEMALE GENITAL TRACT
Authors: Hirschhäuser C. , Kionke M. , Daume E. , Buchholz R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The human genital tract contains inhibitors of trypsin in cervical mucus, uterine endometrium, uterine mucus, Fallopian tubes and their secretion products.
POSITIVE CORRELATION OF THE LONG-ACTING THYROID STIMULATOR (LATS) WITH THE PERCENTAGE OF ENDOGENOUSLY LABELLED 131I TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN THE PLASMA OF HYPERTHYROID PATIENTS
Authors: Emrich D. , Albani M. , von zur Mühlen A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The five times concentrated gamma globulins of the plasma of 28 hyperthyroid patients were tested by the McKenzie bioassay. Evidence for the presence of LATS was obtained in 22 patients. In order to compare the numerical values of LATS obtained at different times they were corrected, using a laboratory standard, which was tested in each assay, and the mean regression coefficient of three dose response curves of the laboratory standard. The corrected LATS values were then compared with the percentage of 131I T3 in the patients' plasma 24 hours after a therapeutic dose of 131I. There was no difference in the 1311 T3 between the LATS-negative and the LATS-positive subjects, but in the LATS-positive subjects there was a significant positive correlation between the percentage of 1311 T3 and the LATS values (correlation coefficient 0.793; P < 0.001). No correlation could be found between LATS and the relative concentrations of the other labelled iodo-aminoacids in the plasma.
THE EFFECT OF OUABAIN ON ALDOSTERONE PRODUCTION IN THE RAT
Authors: Szalay Kathleen Sz. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Chronic treatment with ouabain increases aldosterone production in the rat but has no effect on the renal renin content.
The effect of ouabain in vitro on aldosterone depends on its concentration and the K content of the media: 10−8 m ouabain and 4 and 8 meq./l K and 10−4 m and 4 meq./l K intensify, while 10−3 m at 6 and 8 meq./l K inhibits production. In the present experiments, ouabain at low concentration increased and at high concentration reduced aldosterone production.
PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE DURING THE LUTEAL PHASE IN NORMAL WOMEN TREATED WITH SYNTHETIC OESTROGENS (RS 2874, F 6103 AND ETHINYLOESTRADIOL)
Authors: Johansson Elof D. B. , Gemzell Carl 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Three synthetic oestrogens (RS 2874, F 6103 and ethinyloestradiol)1) were given orally during the luteal phase to healthy young women. The compounds were administered for various periods of time starting on the third day following ovulation. The changes of the daily plasma levels of progesterone and the length of the luteal phase were studied. The highest dose of RS 2874 was 60 mg daily for 8 days, that for F 6103, 300 mg daily for 6 days and that for ethinyloestradiol, 200 μg daily for 8 days. The doses were selected to give approximately the same oestrogenic effects in women, using the proliferative activity of the endometrium as an end point. In the cycles treated with RS 2874 and ethinyloestradiol the length of the luteal phase was shortened by one to two days and the sum of the daily plasma levels of progesterone was decreased accordingly. No differences were seen between the control cycles and the cycles treated with F 6103. The doses of the three compounds used did not seem to delay the onset of menstrual bleeding. The lack of antifertility effect of F 6103 and of ethinyloestradiol when given after ovulation as reported by other investigators, agree well with the minor changes in the corpus luteum function found in this study.
5α-DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE AND THE SYNTHESIS OF RNA IN THE RAT VENTRAL PROSTATE IN VITRO
Authors: Alfheim Ingrid , Unhjem Olav 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of 5α-dihydrotestosterone on RNA synthesis in the rat ventral prostate has been studied in vitro. The steroid was added to the incubation medium in a concentration of 10−6 m. Experiments have been performed with slices, homogenates, crude nuclear preparations and isolated nuclei from the rat ventral prostate. The results appear to indicate that there is no immediate quantitative effect of the steroid on RNA synthesis when administered in vitro.
INFLUENCE OF METYRAPONE ON PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF TESTOSTERONE AND ANDROSTENEDIONE IN MAN
Authors: Nilsson K. O. , Hökfelt B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Metyrapone was administered either orally, 750 mg every four h, in a total of six doses, or intravenously 30 mg per kg body weight as a four h infusion.
In three males with normal endocrine functions, metyrapone given orally or intravenously induced a fall in plasma testosterone and an elevation of androstenedione within 2–8 h. When metyrapone was administered to a patient given dexamethasone to suppress endogenous ACTH production, the androstenedione levels did not alter whereas the testosterone levels showed a slight, transient decrease.
In two normal females metyrapone administration was followed by a marked increase in plasma androstenedione whereas testosterone showed only a minor, gradual increase.
In one male patient with Addison's disease the basal plasma testosterone was normal whereas the level of androstenedione was low. Following metyrapone intravenously, there was a slight suppression of plasma testosterone but no change in the androstenedione concentration.
In one patient with primary hypogonadism, two with secondary hypogonadism and two with Klinefelter's syndrome the plasma testosterone was low under basal conditions and did not change following metyrapone. Basal plasma androstenedione was within the range for normal males and increased markedly following metyrapone in all the cases.