bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Stream Water Quality through Land Use Analysis in Two Grassland Catchments
Authors: Hayakawa A. , Shimizu M. , Woli K. P. , Kuramochi K. , Hatano R. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTWe evaluated the impacts of natural wetlands and various land uses on stream nitrogen concentration in two grassland‐dominated catchments in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Analyzing land use types in drainage basins, measuring denitrification potential of its soil, and water sampling in all seasons of 2003 were performed. Results showed a highly significant positive correlation between the concentration of stream NO3–N and the proportion of upland area in drainage basins in both catchments. The regression slope, which we assumed to reflect the impact on water quality, was 24% lower for the Akkeshi catchment (0.012 ± 0.001) than for the Shibetsu catchment (0.016 ± 0.001). In the Akkeshi catchment, there was a significant negative correlation between the proportion of wetlands in the drainage basins and stream NO3–N concentration. Stream dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and carbon (DOC) concentrations were significantly higher in the Akkeshi catchment. Upland and urban land uses were strongly linked to increases in in‐stream N concentrations in both catchments, whereas wetlands and forests tended to mitigate water quality degradation. The denitrification potential of the soils was highest in wetlands, medium in riparian forests, and lowest in grasslands; and was significant in wetlands and riparian forests in the Akkeshi catchment. The solubility of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil moisture tended to determine the denitrification potential. These results indicate that the water environment within the catchments, which influences denitrification potential and soil organic matter content, could have caused the difference in stream water quality between the two catchments.
Phosphorus and Sediment Loss in a Catchment with Winter Forage Grazing of Cropland by Dairy Cattle
Authors: McDowell R. W. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTThe loss of phosphorus and sediment to surface waters can impair their quality. It was hypothesized that the practice of winter grazing dairy cattle on cropland of moderate slope (5–20%) would exacerbate the loss of P and suspended sediment (SS) from land to water. In a small (4.3 ha) catchment two flumes were installed, upstream and downstream of one field (about 2 ha) that had been cropped for 2 yr and grazed in winter (June–July) by dairy cattle. Flow proportional samples were taken and measured for dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), particulate phosphorus (PP), total phosphorus (TP), and SS. During the 2002 hydrologic year (March–February) loads of SS increased per hectare downstream (1449 kg ha−1) compared to upstream (880 kg ha−1). The same increase from upstream (873 kg ha−1) to downstream (969 kg ha−1) happened in 2003. However, while in 2003 TP increased downstream by 1.64 kg ha−1 compared to upstream (0.24 kg ha−1), in 2002 an increase of only 0.006 kg ha−1 at the downstream flume occurred compared to upstream (0.98 kg ha−1). Investigation of P transport pathways suggested that overland flow contributed <0.1 kg P ha−1 to stream flow, 10 and 5% of TP load in 2002 and 2003, with the greater load in 2002 reflecting more rainfall in that year. The contribution to stream flow by subsurface flow was estimated at 0.3 kg P ha−1 Stream bed sediments showed an increase in total P concentration in summer when no flow occurred due to the admission by the farmer of 10 cattle upstream of the cropped paddock in summer 2001–2002 and 20 cattle between the two flumes in 2003 to graze stream banks. This action was calculated to contribute via dung at least, the remaining P lost: about 0.5 kg P in 2002 and 1.0 kg P in 2003. Clearly, not allowing animals to “clear‐up” stream banks is a priority if good surface water quality is to be achieved. Furthermore, compared to stock access the impact of winter grazing cropland on P losses was minimal, but SS load was increased by an average of 75%.
MRI‐based radiomic features for identifying recurrent prostate cancer after proton radiation therapy
Authors: Gumus Kazim Z. , Contreras Samuel Serrano , Al‐Toubat Mohammed , Harmon Ira , Hernandez Mauricio , Ozdemir Savas , Kumar Sindhu , Yuruk Nurcan , Mete Mutlu , Balaji K. C. , Bandyk Mark , Gopireddy Dheeraj R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) evaluation of recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) following proton beam therapy is challenging due to radiation‐induced tissue changes. This study aimed to evaluate MRI‐based radiomic features so as to identify the recurrent PCa after proton therapy.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 12 patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) following proton therapy. Two experienced radiologists identified prostate lesions from multi‐parametric MRI (mpMRI) images post‐proton therapy and marked control regions of interest (ROIs) on the contralateral side of the prostate gland. A total of 210 radiomic features were extracted from lesions and control regions on the T2‐weighted (T2WI) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) image series. Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross‐Validation method (RFE‐CV) was used for feature selection. A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network was developed to classify three classes: cancerous, benign, and healthy tissue. The 12‐core biopsy results were used as the gold standard for the segmentations. The classifier performance was measured using specificity, sensitivity, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and other statistical indicators.ResultsBased on biopsy results, 10 lesions were identified as PCa recurrence while eight lesions were confirmed to be benign. Ten radiomic features (10/210) were selected to build the multi‐class classifier. The radiomics classifier gave an accuracy of 0.83 in identifying cancerous, benign, and healthy tissue with a sensitivity of 0.80 and specificity of 0.85. The model yielded an AUC of 0.87, 95% CI [0.72–1.00] in differentiating cancer from the benign and healthy tissues.ConclusionsOur proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates the potential of using radiomic features as part of the differential diagnosis of PCa on mpMRI following proton therapy. The results need to be validated in a larger cohort.
Nanotopology‐Enabled On‐Site Pathogen Detection for Managing Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Kim Seongeun , Song Younseong , Kim Jueun , Jeong Booseok , Park Nahyun , Park Yoo Min , Kim Yong Tae , Rho Donggee , Lee Seok Jae , Choi Bong Gill , Im Sung Gap , Lee Kyoung G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD), a prevalent skin condition often complicated by microbial infection, poses a significant challenge in identifying the responsible pathogen for its effective management. However, a reliable, safe tool for pinpointing the source of these infections remains elusive. In this study, a novel on‐site pathogen detection that combines chemically functionalized nanotopology with genetic analysis is proposed to capture and analyze pathogens closely associated with severe atopic dermatitis. The chemically functionalized nanotopology features a 3D hierarchical nanopillar array (HNA) with a functional polymer coating, tailored to isolate target pathogens from infected skin. This innovative nanotopology demonstrates superior pathogenic capture efficiency, favorable entrapment patterns, and non‐cytotoxicity. An HNA‐assembled stick is utilized to directly retrieve bacteria from infected skin samples, followed by extraction‐free quantitative loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (direct qLAMP) for validation. To mimic human skin conditions, porcine skin is employed to successfully capture Staphylococcus aureus, a common bacterium exacerbating AD cases. The on‐site detection method exhibits an impressive detection limit of 103 cells mL−1. The HNA‐assembled stick represents a promising tool for on‐site detection of bacteria associated with atopic dermatitis. This innovative approach enables to deepen the understanding of AD pathogenesis and open avenues for more effective management strategies for chronic skin conditions.
Nanomaterial‐Based Strategies for Preventing Tumor Metastasis by Interrupting the Metastatic Biological Processes
Authors: Cai Qingjin , He Yijia , Zhou Yang , Zheng Ji , Deng Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTumor metastasis is the primary cause of cancer‐related deaths. The prevention of tumor metastasis has garnered notable interest and interrupting metastatic biological processes is considered a potential strategy for preventing tumor metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and premetastatic niche (PMN) play crucial roles in metastatic biological processes. These processes can be interrupted using nanomaterials due to their excellent physicochemical properties. However, most studies have focused on only one aspect of tumor metastasis. Here, the hypothesis that nanomaterials can be used to target metastatic biological processes and explore strategies to prevent tumor metastasis is highlighted. First, the metastatic biological processes and strategies involving nanomaterials acting on the TME, CTCs, and PMN to prevent tumor metastasis are briefly summarized. Further, the current challenges and prospects of nanomaterials in preventing tumor metastasis by interrupting metastatic biological processes are discussed. Nanomaterial‐and multifunctional nanomaterial‐based strategies for preventing tumor metastasis are advantageous for the long‐term fight against tumor metastasis and their continued exploration will facilitate rapid progress in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of tumor metastasis. Novel perspectives are outlined for developing more effective strategies to prevent tumor metastasis, thereby improving the outcomes of patients with cancer.
Highly Potent Cationic Chitosan Derivatives Coupled to Antimicrobial Peptide Dendrimers to Combat Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Jordan Olivier , Gan Bee Ha , Alwan Sari , Perron Karl , Sublet Emmanuelle , Ducret Verena , Ye Hua , Borchard Gerrit , Reymond Jean‐Louis , Patrulea Viorica 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe burden of bacterial wound infections has considerably increased due to antibiotic resistance to most of the currently available antimicrobial drugs. Herein, for the first time, a chemical coupling of two cationic N‐aryl (pyridyl and aminocinnamyl) chitosan derivatives to antimicrobial peptide dendrimers (AMPDs) of different generations (first, second, and third) via thioether‐haloacetyl reaction is reported. The new chitosan‐AMPD conjugates show high selectivity by killing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and very low toxicity toward mammalian cells, as well as extremely low hemolysis to red blood cells. Electron microscopy reveals that the new chitosan derivatives coupled to AMPD destroy both the inner and outer membranes of Gram‐negative P. aeruginosa. Moreover, chitosan‐AMPD conjugates show synergetic effects within extremely low concentrations. The new chitosan‐AMPD conjugates can be used as potent antimicrobial therapeutic agents, to eradicate pathogens such as those present in acute and chronic infected wounds.
Intranasal Epitope‐Polymer Vaccine Lodges Resident Memory T Cells Protecting Against Influenza Virus
Authors: Liu Ziyang , Kabir Md. Tanvir , Chen Shuxiong , Zhang Heran , Wakim Linda M. , Rehm Bernd H. A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntranasal vaccines, unlike injectable vaccines, boost immunity along the respiratory tract; this can significantly limit respiratory virus replication and shedding. There remains a need to develop mucosal adjuvants and vaccine delivery systems that are both safe and effective following intranasal administration. Here, biopolymer particles (BP) densely coated with repeats of MHC class I restricted immunodominant epitopes derived from influenza A virus namely NP366, a nucleoprotein‐derived epitope and PA224, a polymerase acidic subunit derived epitope, are bioengineered. These BP‐NP366/PA224 can be manufactured at a high yield and are obtained at ≈93% purity, exhibiting ambient‐temperature stability. Immunological characterization includes comparing systemic and mucosal immune responses mounted following intramuscular or intranasal immunization. Immunization with BP‐NP366/PA224 without adjuvant triggers influenza‐specific CD8+ T cell priming and memory CD8+ T cell development. Co‐delivery with the adjuvant poly(I:C) significantly boosts the size and functionality of the influenza‐specific pulmonary resident memory CD8+ T cell pool. Intranasal, but not intramuscular delivery of BP‐NP366/PA224 with poly(I:C), provides protection against influenza virus challenge. Overall, the BP approach demonstrates as a suitable antigen formulation for intranasal delivery toward induction of systemic protective T cell responses against influenza virus.
Locally Concentrated Deep Eutectic Liquids Electrolytes for Low‐Polarization Aluminum Metal Batteries
Authors: Xu Cheng , Diemant Thomas , Liu Xu , Passerini Stefano 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLow‐cost and nontoxic deep eutectic liquid electrolytes (DELEs), such as [AlCl3]1.3[Urea] (AU), are promising for rechargeable non‐aqueous aluminum metal batteries (AMBs). However, their high viscosity and sluggish ion transport at room temperature lead to high cell polarization and low specific capacity, limiting their practical application. Herein, non‐solvating 1,2‐difluorobenzene (dFBn) is proposed as a co‐solvent of DELEs using AU as model to construct a locally concentrated deep eutectic liquid electrolyte (LC‐DELE). dFBn effectively improves the fluidity and ion transport without affecting the ionic dynamics in the electrolyte. Moreover, dFBn also modifies the solid electrolyte interphase growing on the aluminum metal anodes and reduces the interfacial resistance. As a result, the lifespan of Al/Al cells is improved from 210 to 2000 h, and the cell polarization is reduced from 0.36 to 0.14 V at 1.0 mA cm−2. The rate performance of Al‐graphite cells is greatly improved with a polarization reduction of 0.15 and 0.74 V at 0.1 and 1 A g−1, respectively. The initial discharge capacity of Al‐sulfur cells is improved from 94 to 1640 mAh g−1. This work provides a feasible solution to the high polarization of AMBs employing DELEs and a new path to high‐performance low‐cost AMBs.
Golden Plasmophores with Tunable Photoluminescence and Outstanding Thermal and Photothermal Stability
Authors: Gharib Mustafa , Yates A. J. , Sanders Stephen , Gebauer Johannes , Graf Sebastian , Ziefuß Anna Rosa , Nonappa  , Kassier Günther , Rehbock Christoph , Barcikowski Stephan , Weller Horst , Alabastri Alessandro , Nordlander Peter , Parak Wolfgang J. , Chakraborty Indranath 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmong various hybrid nanomaterials, the combination of plasmonic nanoparticles and fluorophores in a single multifunctional nanoplatform, so‐called plasmophores, has attracted significant attention in different fields such as dark field, fluorescence, and photoacoustic imaging, biosensing, photothermal, and photodynamic therapy. Herein, author report a facile and controlled synthesis route of hybrid nanoplatforms composed of fluorescent gold nanoclusters (GNCs) coupled to plasmonic gold nanorods (GNRs) using controlled silica (SiO2) dielectric spacers of different thicknesses from now on referred to as GNR@SiO2@GNC plasmophores. The results show different degrees of plasmon‐enhanced fluorescence of the GNCs in their plasmophore hybrid system when placed at different distances from the plasmonic cores of the GNRs. On the other hand, these plasmophores show enhanced thermal stability compared to GNRs@CTAB (CTAB, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide). This results also demonstrated that upon annealing at elevated temperatures (800–1000 °C), the GNRs in the plasmophores are more thermally stable and robust than the GNRs@CTAB. More surprisingly, despite the commonly reported very low melting temperature of smaller‐size nanocrystals, the GNCs in the plasmophores showed high thermal stability and do not exhibit significant structural changes at elevated temperatures (800–1000 °C).
A Highly Damping, Crack‐Insensitive and Self‐Healable Binder for Lithium‐Sulfur Battery by Tailoring the Viscoelastic Behavior
Authors: Si Mengjie , Jian Xianfeng , Xie Yu , Zhou Jiahui , Jian Wei , Lin Ji , Luo Yufeng , Hu Jiayu , Wang Yan‐Jie , Zhang Dong , Wang Tiefeng , Liu Yujing , Wu Zi Liang , Zheng Si Yu , Yang Jintao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBinder plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of sulfur electrode in lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) battery. However, cracks are easily generated inside the electrode and compromise its performance due to the volume change of sulfur during redox reaction and continuous vibration originated from the external environments. It is a challenge yet crucial to develop tough binders with crack‐insensitivity and damping performance. Herein, a polymeric binder is designed with special viscoelastic behavior by tailoring its electrolyte‐philic and electrolyte‐phobic domains. The loss modulus of the binder is regulated to be highly close to its storage modulus within a wide range of frequency, generating an ultra‐high loss factor and equilibrium of viscosity‐elasticity. Based on such rheological behavior, the binder holds 1) high damping ability across a wide frequency to suppress crack generation, 2) high toughness with crack blunting behavior to resist crack propagation, 3) efficient healing capability to repair the cracks. Besides, the pendant zwitterionic groups can immobilize the lithium polysulfides and promote ion transfer. Benefiting from these advantages, the obtained Li‐S battery delivers high specific capacity with considerable capacity retention after long‐term cycling. The viscoelastic design and crack management strategy illustrated here would provide new insights into the binder design.
Direct Activation of Nucleobases with Small Molecules for the Conditional Control of Antisense Function
Authors: Bardhan Anirban , Brown Wes , Albright Savannah , Tsang Michael , Davidson Lance A. , Deiters Alexander 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConditionally controlled antisense oligonucleotides provide precise interrogation of gene function at different developmental stages in animal models. Only one example of small molecule‐induced activation of antisense function exist. This has been restricted to cyclic caged morpholinos that, based on sequence, can have significant background activity in the absence of the trigger. Here, we provide a new approach using azido‐caged nucleobases that are site‐specifically introduced into antisense morpholinos. The caging group design is a simple azidomethylene (Azm) group that, despite its very small size, efficiently blocks Watson–Crick base pairing in a programmable fashion. Furthermore, it undergoes facile decaging via Staudinger reduction when exposed to a small molecule phosphine, generating the native antisense oligonucleotide under conditions compatible with biological environments. We demonstrated small molecule‐induced gene knockdown in mammalian cells, zebrafish embryos, and frog embryos. We validated the general applicability of this approach by targeting three different genes.
“Zero” Intrinsic Fluorescence Sensing‐Platforms Enable Ultrasensitive Whole Blood Diagnosis and In Vivo Imaging
Authors: Jiang Gangwei , Liu Hong , Deng Guohui , Liu Han , Zhou Zhixuan , Ren Tian‐Bing , Wang Lu , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Yuan Lin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAbnormal physiological processes and diseases can lead to content or activity fluctuations of biocomponents in organelles and whole blood. However, precise monitoring of these abnormalities remains extremely challenging due to the insufficient sensitivity and accuracy of available fluorescence probes, which can be attributed to the background fluorescence arising from two sources, 1) biocomponent autofluorescence (BCAF) and 2) probe intrinsic fluorescence (PIF). To overcome these obstacles, we have re‐engineered far‐red to NIR II rhodol derivatives that possess weak BCAF interference. And a series of “zero” PIF sensing‐platforms were created by systematically regulating the open‐loop/spirocyclic forms. Leveraging these advancements, we devised various ultra‐sensitive NIR indicators, achieving substantial fluorescence boosts (190 to 1300‐fold). Among these indicators, 8‐LAP demonstrated accurate tracking and quantifying of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) in whole blood at various stages of tumor metastasis. Furthermore, coupling 8‐LAP with an endoplasmic reticulum‐targeting element enabled the detection of ERAP1 activity in HCT116 cells with p53 abnormalities. This delicate design of eliminating PIF provides insights into enhancing the sensitivity and accuracy of existing fluorescence probes toward the detection and imaging of biocomponents in abnormal physiological processes and diseases.
Construction of Si‐Stereogenic Silanols by Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C−H Alkenylation
Authors: Zhao Jia‐Hui , Zheng Long , Zou Jian‐Ye , Zhang Sheng‐Ye , Shen Hua‐Chen , Wu Yichen , Wang Peng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe construction of silicon‐stereogenic silanols via Pd‐catalyzed intermolecular C−H alkenylation with the assistance of a commercially available L‐pyroglutamic acid has been realized for the first time. Employing oxime ether as the directing group, silicon‐stereogenic silanol derivatives could be readily prepared with excellent enantioselectivities, featuring a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Moreover, parallel kinetic resolution with unsymmetric substrates further highlighted the generality of this protocol. Mechanistic studies indicate that L‐pyroglutamic acid could stabilize the Pd catalyst and provide excellent chiral induction. Preliminary computational studies unveil the origin of the enantioselectivity in the C−H bond activation step.
Synthetic Peptides with Genetic‐Codon‐Tailored Affinity for Assembling Tetraspanin CD81 at Cell Interfaces and Inhibiting Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Xu Kun , Gao Han , Li Yongming , Jin Yulong , Zhao Rui , Huang Yanyan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProbing biomolecular interactions at cellular interfaces is crucial for understanding and interfering with life processes. Although affinity binders with site specificity for membrane proteins are unparalleled molecular tools, a high demand remains for novel multi‐functional ligands. In this study, a synthetic peptide (APQQ) with tight and specific binding to the untargeted extracellular loop of CD81 evolved from a genetically encoded peptide pool. With tailored affinity, APQQ flexibly accesses, site‐specifically binds, and forms a complex with CD81, enabling in‐situ tracking of the dynamics and activity of this protein in living cells, which has rarely been explored because of the lack of ligands. Furthermore, APQQ triggers the relocalization of CD81 from diffuse to densely clustered at cell junctions and modulates the interplay of membrane proteins at cellular interfaces. Motivated by these, efficient suppression of cancer cell migration, and inhibition of breast cancer metastasis were achieved in vivo.