bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Provenance of Ecumenius' Commentary On the Apocalypse
Authors: Lamoreaux John C. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe earliest extant Greek commentary on the Apocalypse was written by a certain Ecumenius. Many questions surround the provenance of this commentary. Was it written early in the sixth century or does it rather stem from the later decades of that same century? Was it written by a Monophysite? or by a Chalcedonian? Was the author of this commentary a friend and ally of Severus of Antioch? If not, who then was he? Such questions are important because Ecumenius' commentary is important. It offers an early uncial text of the Apocalypse of great moment for the New Testament textual critic. It is a significant source for understanding late antique efforts to support the canonical authority of the Apocalypse.' It contains crucial evidence of developing Mariological doctrines. Even more interesting, however, is the commentary's place in the history of polemic against Origen. Such themes are subtle, yet so frequent that one could read the text primarily as an attempt to provide an eschatological vision orthodox enough to replace that of Origen and his followers. But these are matters for another time.2 Here our concern is that of establishing the provenance of this text-who wrote it? when? and where?
Satire, Fiction and Reference To Reality in Jerome's Epistuia 117
Authors: Lossl Josef 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSatire is essentially a non-fictional literary form. Its point of departure is a real setting, which is directly referred to. But the way satirists magnify certain aspects of the reality they refer to distorts their picture.' Satires therefore are not realistic in the sense of providing reliable eye witness accounts of given situations. But they usually keep to rules, which provide hermeneutical keys for interpreting them with regard to the reality behind their distortions. How concrete that reality is, whether it just reflects a general or stereotype picture of a society or culture in a given age or whether the satire is directed against concrete historical figures, has to be established individually. The text discussed in the following has to be treated with such questions in mind. It is extant as a letter, but its addressees are not named and it is doubted whether they were historical figures. At a closer look it turns out to be a satire, but it seems at first sight to lack the concrete context that would give meaning and purpose to a satire. However, if it is a satire, and we may assume it is, it must have that context and we may try to reconstruct it using material provided by this text as well as others in its historical and literary vicinity; and although we may not succeed in finding definite answers to all the questions raised by this text, we hope nevertheless to shed some new light on this gripping little piece of ancient Christian literature.
The Myth of the Eternal Rebirth Critical Notes On G.W. Bowersock, Hellenism in Late Antiquity1
Authors: Fossum Jarl 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn his famous work, Die Untergang des Abendlandes (ET, The Decline of the West [1928]), Oswald Spengler used the language of mineralogy to illustrate his thesis that in the Hellenistic age Greek philosophy and religion provided the hollow forms in which the Oriental material underwent a 'pseudomorphosis'. The simile used was the following: When a crystalline substance fills a hollow left in a geological layer made by a crystal which has disintegrated, the former is forced to take on the mould of the latter, thereby deceiving the observer who does not subject the substance to chemical analysis. In his slim book of less than 100 pages of text, Professor Glen Bowersock propounds a more perceptive view: 'Hellenism'-by which the author means Greek language, philosophy, and religion-did not disintegrate so quickly. Surely the great Dionysus remained alivc for a long time; in the chapter on 'Dionysos and His World', Bowersock cites that Dionysus is the 'controlling figure' in some beautiful late antiquity art work. Rather than effecting a 'pseudomorphosis' of Near Eastern religion, Hellenism was able to bring about a metamorphosis: it became a vehicle for 'strengthening and even transforming local worship without eradicating its local character' (p. 21). Bowersock also correctly notes: 'Christianity had a powerful influence on the paganism that prospered in the late antique world, to a degree [...] no less important than the influence-much more frequently remarked-of paganism on Christianity' (p. 26). However, in his eagerness to demonstrate the influence of Christianity upon paganism, Bowersock unfortunately makes many mistakes. This is rather glaring in his attempt at a 'thorough examination' of Epiphanius' account of the festival in the Alexandrian
Der Christliche Reiterheilige Des Sisinnios-Typs Im Kampf Gegen Eine Vielnamige Dämonin
Authors: Fauth Wolfgang 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDie christliche Spätantike präsentiert in ihrer Ikonologie und Hagiographie eine in mehreren Varianten entgegentretende Konfiguration: Ein 'heiligcr Reiter' durchbohrt mit seiner Lanze ein am Boden befindliches, verschiedenartig gestaltetes dämonisches Wesen. Der auf solche Weise dargestellte Sieg des Guten über das Böse soll hier, nach einer Übersicht über die wichtigsten Zeugnisse für die genannte Szene, eingeengt werden auf die Betrachtung des Zusammentreffens zwischen dem berittenen Heiligen (Sisinnios, Georg) bzw. seinen Äquivalenten (Erzengel Michael, König Salomon) und einer polyonymen menschenfeindlichen Dämonin. Es wird zum einen versucht, aus den zahlreichen, zum Teil listenartig aufgereihten Namen und ihrer Bedeutung die Wesenheit dieser Dämonin und ihren originären Typus zu erhellen; dabei muß gelegentlich auch auf Belegmaterial zurückgegriffen werden, das außerhalb des engeren Rahmens der Reiterlegende liegt. Zum anderen bieten der Name und die Gestalt des Sisinnios Anlaß zu einer genaueren sprachlichen und literarischen Untersuchung. Um die Herkunftsfrage einer Lösung näherzubringen, wird die jüdische Überlieferung von den drei die Dämonin verfolgenden Engeln S(i)n(o)j, S(i)ns(i)n(o)j und S(a)m(a)ng(a)l(o)f herangezogen. Es besteht die Aussicht, über diesen Weg die Provenienz des Grundmotivs geographisch in etwa zu ermitteln.
After MOX: The Contemporary Shipment of Radioactive Substances in the Law of the Sea
Authors: Nadelson Robert 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe transport of hazardous cargo has long juxtaposed maritime interests in maintaining navigation rights against the concerns of coastal States over the threat the exercise of such rights poses to the waters off their coast. The shipment of highly radioactive substances has emerged as the most recent, and perhaps starkest reflection of this conflict. Drawing upon contemporary events, this article will examine the continuing controversy over the shipment of highly radioactive cargo and its implications for the law of the sea. First, the origins of the issue in the emergence of radioactive transport itself will be surveyed. Next the international legal regime governing the transport of such cargo will be evaluated, highlighting the different responses at the international, national and regional level. This article will then conclude by considering the prospects for resolution resulting from the recent debate over the Code for the Safe Carriage of Irradiated Nuclear Fuel (INF Code), suggesting the need to formulate alternative approach to shipboard controls in responding to contemporary issues of vessel-source pollution.
The Southern Ocean Sanctuary and the Evolution of International Environmental Law
Authors: Gillespie Alexander 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe legality of the Southern Ocean Sanctuary has been a matter of debate. This paper seeks to explain the Sanctuary as being both legal and illustrative of the development of international environmental law within a new, evolutionary framework. A teleological approach to statutory interpretation could construe the Convention in ways that are supportive of the non-lethal utilisation of cetaceans. Such an interpretation may be supported under the Vienna Convention, whereby if examples of previous practice demonstrating different interpretations of the language in question can be shown, then this practice is evidence that a different interpretation of the convention in question is legitimate. This has been the case with the International Whaling Commission. The paper concludes that the Southern Ocean Sanctuary may be regarded as being both a legal and authoritative example of the way in which the majority of the international community has viewed one area of global environmental concern.
The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea : Survey for 1999
Authors: Rosenne Shabtai 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis Article continues the annual survey of matters connected with the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) during the year 1999. It follows on the similar survey published in the previous volume of this journal, at p. 487. It is structured in the same way, dealing in order with the 1999 Meeting of States Parties and relevant matters from the 54th session of the United Nations General Assembly, and is concluded with an account of the Tribunal's work in 1999.
The Law of the Sea and the Internet: A Resource Guide with Special Reference to the Conservation and Management of Marine Living Resources
Authors: Hedley Chris 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis article provides a brief overview of the mountain of information now available on the Internet relating to the international law of the sea and, in particular, in the field of international fisheries, for which there is an enormous volume of information. The Internet is becoming an increasingly important resource for lawyers and law students, but finding the information you want remains difficult. This guide first explains a few Internet basics and then highlights some of the more useful and interesting sites available and directs the reader to locations where further information may be found.
The South Tasman Rise Arrangement of 2000 and other Initiatives on Management and Conservation of Orange Roughy
Authors: Molenaar Erik Jaap 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe exceptional vulnerability of the fish species orange roughy has been amply demonstrated by the collapse of various relatively new fisheries where management and conservation measures were absent, inadequate or simply too late. Each of the three case studies of orange roughy fisheries discussed in this article has an inherent international dimension as they concern discrete high seas stocks, straddling stocks or stocks on whose categorisation states disagree. The case studies illustrate the more general shortcomings of the international legal framework for the management and conservation of marine living resources, but also specifically for vulnerable species like orange roughy. Crucial to long-term sustainable management are the issues of participation in regional fisheries management mechanisms or negotiation processes to establish them, as well as the allocation of fishing opportunities thereunder. Possibly, the role of marine scientific research can be further enhanced in relation to the categorisation of stocks and the concept of zonal attachment.
The International Regime for the Protection of the North Sea: From Functional Approaches to a More Integrated Approach
Authors: Hey Ellen 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe international regime for the North Sea functions within a complex network of multilateral and regional treaties and institutions, without the existence of a treaty that focuses on the overall protection of the North Sea ecosystem. Nevertheless, a North Sea regime can be identified. This essay shows that that regime has moved from more functional approaches to a more integrated approach. It describes the legal and institutional framework in which the North Sea regime is situated, discusses relevant geographical and geopolitical factors and analyses how the process of change emerged and developed. It concludes that the transition process is about attaining perceptual changes and that in that process law, and rules and regulations, must be regarded as both substantive content, in the sense of standard or rule, and as process, in the sense of procedures for changing or testing the standards and rules.
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: 1996-97 Survey
Authors: Rosenne Shabtai 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis article surveys the work of the Meeting of States Parties, of the United Nations General Assembly, and of ITLOS, from the third Meeting of States Parties held in November 1995 through 1996 and 1997. The Meeting of States Parties dealing with the Tribunal's financial and administrative matters is noted. The results of the election of members of ITLOS held in August 1996 and the geographical representation in the Tribunal are explained. An account of different actions taken by the United Nations General Assembly relating to ITLOS during the period under review follows. The Tribunal's activities relating to its own internal organisation, the Tribunal's jurisdiction, and the first case submitted to it, conclude this survey.
The London Convention 1972: Preparing for the Future
Authors: de La Fayette Louise 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis article examines the accomplishments and the future of the London Convention 1972 after the adoption of the 1996 Protocol. The 1996 Protocol contains an entirely new convention including the recent amendments to the London Convention, as well as going several steps further in adopting a reverse listing approach and in providing incentives for developing countries to join the regime. The importance of the London Convention has been enhanced through the coming into force of the LOS Convention, which requires parties to adopt legislation on ocean dumping at least as effective as the provisions of the London Convention. As shown by the proceedings of the first Consultative Meeting of the Parties since the adoption of the Protocol, there is still much to be done to protect the marine environment from the possible deleterious effects of ocean dumping. Not only do the parties still have to adopt guidelines to assess the impact and acceptability of substances on objects still permitted to be dumped, but also there remains a possibility of restricting further items. OSPAR Conventions are more restrictive, for example, in prohibiting the dumping of vessels of offshore installations.
The Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union: Restructuring of the Fishing Fleet and the Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance
Authors: Song Yann-huei 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis article is a study of the EU's Common Fisheries Policy, focusing in particular on the restructuring of the European fishing fleet and the EU's structural fund aid made available to the fisheries sector to help deal with the problem of over-capacity. Four generations of MultiAnnual Guidance Programmes (MAGPs) for the fishing fleet have been adopted, which cover the period between 1983 and 2001, to deal with the problem of "too many fishing boats chasing too few fish" in the EU's maritime waters. By the end of 1996, only the UK and the Netherlands failed to meet their fleet-cutting target in terms of tonnage. Although the percentage of the structural funds provided by the EU to its Member States has been relatively small, the funds made available under the Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance (FIFG) has been used by the European Commission to compel certain Member States to meet the EU's fleet-cutting plan under MAGP.
The 1979 and 1990 Malaysia-Thailand Joint Development Agreements: A Model for International I Legal I Co-operation in Common Offshore Petroleum Deposits?
Authors: Ong David M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOffshore petroleum deposits straddling delimited or claimed maritime boundaries increasingly lead to bilateral joint development agreements between coastal states purporting to resolve the international and domestic legal issues raised by such situations. This article will examine one of the lesser known but arguably more successful of these joint development agreements in recent times, namely, the 1990 Agreement between Malaysia and Thailand on the establishment of the Malaysia-Thailand Joint Authority. The background to and negotiating process of the Agreement and the legal regime thus instituted will be examined. The article also considers the impact of this and other bilateral joint development precedents upon the possible development of a general or regional customary rule of international law requiring states to enter into joint development arrangements when confronted by similar situations.
The Law of the Sea and Regional Fisheries Organisations
Authors: Barston Ronald 
Published: June 2008

AbstractUnderlying the 1995 UN Straddling Stocks Agreement was the central notion that straddling and highly migratory fish stocks could best be managed through regional (particularly newly formed) institutions. This article explores a number of the constraints and possibilities for the development of institutions on a wider scale. Amongst these are the problems associated with transforming FAO Article VI institutions into executive management organisations. Secondly, multi-party regional agreements require a mutually acceptable distribution of benefits and costs. Matching those elements can be lengthy and complex, especially in those instances in which external parties are the principal benefactors and weak coastal states have no direct distant water fishing interest or capability. New institutions, for this reason, have tended to be responsible for single species such as tuna. There is some risk accordingly that straddling fish stocks may receive less institutional attention. Other important issues centre on the role of non-parties, and disputes between organisations over competence to manage species.
New Developments in the Disposal of Offshore Installations
Authors: de La Fayette Louise 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn 1995, Greenpeace International protested the proposed ocean dumping of the offshore installation, Brent Spar. This protest prompted a strong public reaction which in turn led to the recycling of the Brent Spar on land and also to a reconsideration of the relevant legal regime under the OSPAR Convention. In July 1998, the OSPAR Commission meeting at the ministerial level adopted a ban on the disposal of offshore oil and gas installations at sea. Since that time, there have been further developments at the global, regional and national level. This article examines these developments at the OSPAR Commission, at the European Parliament, by the Scientific Group of the London Convention 1972, and in the United Kingdom, which is now implementing the OSPAR decision in its national regulatory regime.
The Early Christian Belief in Creation: Background for the Origins and Assessment of Modern Western Science
Authors: Kaiser Christopher B. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe case has often before been made for a connection between biblical thought, particularly the biblical idea of creation, and the rise of modern science. Alfred North Whitehead and R. G. Collingwod were among the pioneers of the argument.' Its best known exponents in our generation would be Reijer Hooykaas and Stanley Jaki.2 It is widely recognized, for instance, that many of the founders of modern Western science were not only devout Christians, but were inspired in creative ways by their Christian faith. Johann Kepler, Isaac Newton, and James Clerk Maxwell are some of the best examples.
What Hope After Babel? Diversity and Community in Gen 11:1-9; Exod 1:1-14; Zeph 3:1-13 and Acts 2:1-3
Authors: Smith David 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAppropriately enough, the Babel narrative of Gen 11:1-9 has generated a scattered array of interpretations, with most of its detail disputable in one way or another. Further additions to this particular industry may risk achieving little more than adding to the confusion. Interpreting Babel remains, however, a serious and necessary task, not least because of the cultural power exercised by its image of building and dispersion. This power has led to the narrative being used to reinforce a diverse collection of worldviews, from apartheid in South Africa to Derridean deconstruction.1 The question of how we should live after Babel is still very much alive, and must continue to draw us back to the text - and its context.
The Infancy Stories of Matthew and Luke: an Examination of the Child as a Theological Metaphor
Authors: Rodger Lynlea 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the recovery of the theological import of the infancy stories and to show that they are in fact theological masterpieces. It challenges a prevalent view which treats the infancy accounts as prologues to the Gospel texts and therefore as marginal in theological importance. The infancy accounts of Matthew and Luke are examined in turn as sources of theological creativity and innovation. Since the recovery of the evangelists as redactors in more recent years within biblical scholarship, the unique role of the evangelists Matthew and Luke as distinctive shapers of the tradition is examined, with particular reference to the complex theological themes developed by them in their opening chapters. The complexity, subtlety and paradoxes of the web of allusions in the infancy narratives are explored, both with reference to Old Testament texts and to larger theological themes within each of the respective Gospels. This discussion is based on the premise that the infancy accounts of Matthew and Luke represent mature theological reflection, an alternative Christological horizon, which is retrojected from the passion narratives to the time of Jesus' conception. The paper raises issues of divine pregnancy and divine filiation. The frequency of the use by the evangelists of the metaphor of the child is indicated by specific reference to the texts and the complexity of the interaction of this motif with the overall intention of each of the Gospels is indicated. These themes include the Kingdom of God and the nature of the household of God, for which the motif of the child is both an ethical imperative and an exemplar. Some detailed exegesis by way of elaboration of these themes is provided. The paper concludes with some suggestions as to the bases on which an alternative hermeneutic could be constructed which takes as central the metaphor of the child. The motifs of miracle and parable are relevant, and the nature of the child metaphor as a universal and unitive symbol is explored.