bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mise en scène médiatique de la mort de Chaban-Delmas (novembre 2000)
Authors: Delporte Christian 
Published: January 2009

Résumé — L’article attire l’attention à la fois sur les modalités, les normes, les codes de l’information et sur les conditions dans lesquelles les médias sont amenés à définir la dimension historique du personnage public à l’instant traumatique que constitue sa mort. L’exemple retenu est celui de Jacques Chaban-Delmas, dont le décès survient le 10 novembre 2000. L’angle privilégié est celui de la comparaison, par le croisement des sources fournies par la presse écrite, la radio et la télévision. Trois temps sont ainsi dessinés. Le temps de l’annonce, d’abord, où s’affirme l’hégémonie de l’audiovisuel et s’éclaire le fonctionnement du système médiatique ; le temps de l’émotion, ensuite, qui met en exergue le caractère consensuel du rituel médiatique ; le temps de l’analyse, enfin, au cours duquel les journaux prenant le pas sur la radio et la télévision, s’appliquent à discuter voire contester l’unanimité première. Ce sont les journaux qui fixent la dimension historique du disparu, perçue au travers des infléchissements d’un parcours, mais aussi au travers des liens et des affrontements entretenus avec les « grands ». Ainsi, en quelques jours, les médias construisent le système de représentations d’un personnage ; un système bâti sur les normes purement médiatiques et dont dépend une large partie de sa postérité.
Droites et gauches dans la vie politique française
Authors: Richard Gilles 
Published: January 2009

Résumé — Les concepts de « droite » et de « gauche » sont indispensables pour comprendre la vie politique française mais d’un usage bien délicat pour deux raisons principales : la pluralité des droites et des gauches tout d’abord, la pluralité des clivages droite(s)/gauche(s) ensuite. Se juxtaposent, sans se superposer, plusieurs « lignes de front ». Une opposition ancienne entre tenants du « pouvoir personnel » et républicains. Une opposition, les républicains l’ayant emporté dès la fin du 19 e siècle, entre partisans et adversaires de la laïcité. Une opposition enfin autour de la nature « sociale » ou non de la République, cela tout au long du 20 e siècle. Depuis la fin des années 1970 et le début des années 1980, une nouvelle question centrale a émergé dans le débat public : celle de l’intégration de la nation française dans l’Union européenne. D’où l’éclatement des partis et du système partisan, et le brouillage des clivages droites/gauches traditionnels depuis une vingtaine d’années. Comment interpréter dès lors les résultats du référendum sur le Traité constitutionnel européen en mai 2005 ?
Jean Fourastié ou le prophète repenti
Authors: Boulat Régis 
Published: January 2009

Résumé En 1946, après le succès de L’Économie française dans le monde , Jean Fourastié (1907-1990) rejoint le « club des optimistes » du Commissariat au Plan. Économiste non conformiste, professeur au Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (Cnam) archétype du modernisateur convaincu que la hausse du niveau de vie entraîne une consommation de masse et amène « l’homme moyen », dont il a une conception élitiste, à transformer son genre de vie, il popularise tant auprès des élites que du grand public, une synthèse subtile basée sur les rapports existants entre production croissante, consommation croissante, productivité et migrations professionnelles. Toutefois, à la fin des années 1950, cet « humanisme optimiste » fait place à des réserves : Fourastié découvre, après Keynes, que l’homme n’est pas un acteur économique rationnel puisque la consommation de masse est en train de donner naissance à une « civilisation de consommation », dont il est le « roi illusoire ». Si le prophète repenti annonce alors la fin des « temps faciles », il n’en renie pas pour autant ses essais économiques antérieurs à l’adresse du grand public et, surtout, ses critiques ne se teintent pas d’anti-américanisme.
La Nouvelle Droite et la société de consommation
Authors: Dard Olivier 
Published: January 2009

Résumé Née à la fin des années 1960, la Nouvelle Droite s’est attachée depuis les années 1980 à stigmatiser la société de consommation. Au cœur de ses critiques, on trouve les conséquences écologiques du développement, l’aliénation provoquée par la consommation ou la « mercantilisation » de la culture, indissociable de la dénonciation de l’américanisation des sociétés ou de la menace d’une uniformisation/indifférenciation. À l’inverse, face à la « dictature du marché », il s’agirait de défendre « la cause des peuples ». Cet objectif néodroitier est inséparable d’une volonté de recherche d’une troisième voie anticonsumériste, qui conduit la Nouvelle Droite à agréger à sa démarche des auteurs et des groupements éloignés d’elle. Au-delà des polémiques issues de la prétendue existence d’un « complot rouge-brun », force est de constater, qu’à l’instar de bien des tentatives nées dans les années 1930, cette nouvelle recherche d’une troisième voie est un échec.
Les pauvres et la consommation
Authors: Lazarus Jeanne 
Published: January 2009

Résumé L’histoire des pauvres dans la société de consommation depuis la seconde guerre mondiale fut d’abord celle de l’enrichissement et de l’accès au confort des classes populaires pendant les Trente Glorieuses. La misère qui subsistait dans les bidonvilles intéressait peu les chantres du progrès, qui qualifiaient d’inadaptés ceux qui restaient à l’écart. D’autant que les organisations ouvrières comme les sciences sociales s’intéressaient peu à la très grande pauvreté, occupées qu’elles étaient à souligner les particularités de la consommation des ouvriers, pour prouver la persistance des classes sociales dans la société de consommation et lutter contre ceux qui annonçaient leur dilution. Cependant, la crise économique depuis la fin des années 1970 a créé une « classe moyenne paupérisée » pratiquant peu l’autoconsommation et aspirant à un mode de vie similaire à celui du groupe majoritaire. Les pauvres sont devenus un segment de consommateurs caractérisé par un faible pouvoir d’achat parfois associé à des compétences sociales et culturelles fragiles qui les condamnent souvent à payer plus cher leur accès au marché. Celui-ci semble désormais être le passage obligé d’une participation, même minimale, à la vie sociale.
Histoires du chariot de supermarché
Authors: Grandclément Catherine , Cochoy Franck 
Published: January 2009

Résumé Cet article s’efforce de reconstruire l’histoire du chariot de supermarché et, à travers elle, de comprendre comment dynamique des innovations et consommation de masse se soutiennent mutuellement. L’histoire du chariot articule trois histoires. La première histoire est celle du chariot des origines (1936) : un « porte-panier » dérivé d’une chaise pliante imaginé par l’épicier Sylvan N. Goldman. La seconde est celle du « chariot télescopable » : un chariot à charnière et porte battante inventé par l’ingénieur Orla E. Watson pour permettre l’emboîtement latéral des chariots au repos (1946). La troisième est celle du chariot d’aujourd’hui, tel qu’il a pris forme dans le procès en paternité qui opposa Goldman et Watson, autour du brevet des telescoping shopping carts (1947-1949). L’article montre que ces trois histoires, à l’instar de l’objet dont elles traitent, sont emboîtées, et que cette structure d’emboîtement a contribué à stabiliser la forme de l’objet, jusqu’à en faire l’outil le plus robuste, permanent et emblématique de la consommation de masse.
Meat Products, Processed Meat Ingredients
Authors: Liu Martha N. , Callahan Janice A. , Solomon Morse B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIngredients were first utilized to preserve meat and improve its palatability; which date back to when our ancestors used salt and fire to preserve meat. Since that time humans have incorporated a wide variety of ingredients to develop unique meat products and find ways to extend the shelf life of these products so that they can be shipped long distances and held for prolonged periods of time. Ingredients shape the sensory perception of processed meat products by their ability to affect the appearance, aroma, flavor, texture, and juiciness of the product. In recent years, consumers have demanded healthier and more convenient meat products. The meat ingredient industry has provided several ingredients to meet these demands, eg, extenders and binders to lower the fat level of the meat product, salt replacers and other ingredients to replace nitrite in organic and natural products. In the last few years, the food industry is seeing an increase in consumer demand for nutraceutical or functional ingredients and the meat industry is responding. This chapter reviews the most commonly utilized ingredients used in meat processing and how they function in the meat products.
Morbidity in former sawmill workers exposed to pentachlorophenol (PCP): A cross‐sectional study in New Zealand
Authors: McLean David , Eng Amanda , Dryson Evan , Walls Chris , Harding Elizabeth , Wong Khoon Ching , Cheng Soo , Mannetje Andrea't , Ellison‐Loschmann Lis , Slater Tania , Shoemack Phil , Pearce Neil 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundFrom 1950 to 1990 pentachlorophenol (PCP) was used widely in the New Zealand sawmill industry, and persistent claims of long‐term health effects have been made.MethodsWe surveyed surviving members of a cohort enumerated to study mortality in sawmill workers employed from 1970 to 1990. Estimates of historical exposure were based on job titles held, using the results of a PCP biomonitoring survey conducted in the 1980s. The survey involved interviews and clinical examinations, with interviewers and examiners blinded to exposure status.ResultsOf the 293 participants 177 had not been exposed, and of the 116 exposed all but 10% had low or short‐term PCP exposure. Nevertheless, a number of significant associations between PCP exposure and the prevalence of various symptoms were observed including associations between: (i) exposure levels and self‐reported tuberculosis, pleurisy or pneumonia (P < 0.01) and a deficit in cranial nerve function (P = 0.04); (ii) duration of employment and thyroid disorders (P = 0.04), and neuropsychological symptoms including often going back to check things (P = 0.04), low libido (P = 0.02) and heart palpitations (P = 0.02), and a strong dose–response trend for frequent mood changes without cause (P < 0.01); and (iii) cumulative exposure and frequent mood changes without cause (P = 0.02), low libido (P = 0.04), and in the overall number of neuropsychological symptoms reported (P = 0.03).ConclusionsPCP exposure was associated with a number of physical and neuropsychological health effects that persisted long after exposure had ceased. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:271–281, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differences in access to wage replacement benefits for absences due to work‐related injury or illness in Canada
Authors: Smith Peter M. , Kosny Agnieszka A. , Mustard Cameron A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this article is to examine the factors associated with differences in access to income replacement benefits for workers experiencing a work‐related injury or illness of 1‐week or longer in the Canadian labor force.MethodsThis study utilized data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, a representative longitudinal survey conducted by Statistics Canada. A total of 3,352 work‐related absences were identified. Logistic regression models examined factors at the individual, occupational, and geographic level that were associated with the probability of receiving compensation.ResultsThe probability of not receiving employer or workers' compensation benefits was higher among women, immigrants in their first 10 years in Canada, younger workers, respondents who were in their first year of a job, those who were not members of a union or collective bargaining agreement, and part‐time workers.ConclusionsMore research is required to understand why almost 50% of respondents with 1‐week or longer work‐related absences did not report receiving workers' compensation payments following their absence. More importantly, research is required to understand why particular groups of workers are more likely to be excluded from any type of compensation for lost earnings after a work‐related injury and illness in Canada. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:341–349, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Consanguinity associated with increased risk for bipolar I disorder in Egypt
Authors: Mansour Hader , Klei Lambertus , Wood Joel , Talkowski Michael , Chowdari Kodavali , Fathi Warda , Eissa Ahmed , Yassin Amal , Salah Hala , Tobar Salwa , El‐Boraie Hala , Gaafar Hanan , Elassy Mai , Ibrahim Nahed E. , El‐Bahaei Wafaa , Elsayed Mohamed , Shahda Mohamed , Sheshtawy Eman El , El‐Boraie Osama , El‐Chennawi Farha , Devlin Bernie , Nimgaonkar Vishwajit L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe aimed to contrast rates of consanguinity among patients with bipolar I disorder (BP1) and controls in a population with customary consanguineous marriages (i.e., marriage between related individuals). Consanguinity increases risk for numerous monogenic and polygenic diseases. Whether the risk for BP1 increases with consanguinity has not been investigated systematically. Two independent studies were conducted in Egypt: (1) Case–control study 93 patients with BP1, 90 screened adult control individuals, and available parents. The inbreeding coefficient/consanguinity rate was estimated in two ways: using 64 DNA polymorphisms (“DNA‐based” rate); and from family history data (“self report”); (2) Epidemiological survey: total of 1,584 individuals were screened, from whom self‐reported consanguinity data were obtained for identified BP1 cases (n = 35) and 150 randomly selected, unaffected control individuals. DNA‐based consanguinity rates showed significant case–control differences (P = 0.0039). Self‐reported consanguinity rates were also elevated among BP1 patients in both samples (Study #1 OR = 2.66, 95% confidence intervals, CI: 1.34, 5.29; Study #2: OR = 4.64, 95% CI: 2.01, 10.34). In conclusion, two independent, systematic studies indicate increased consanguinity among Egyptian BP1 patients in the Nile delta region. Self‐reported estimates of consanguinity are bolstered by DNA‐based estimates, and both show significant case–control differences for BP1. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A family‐based association study of the glutamate transporter gene SLC1A1 in obsessive–compulsive disorder in 378 families
Authors: Shugart Y.Y. , Wang Y. , Samuels J.F. , Grados M.A. , Greenberg B.D. , Knowles J.A. , McCracken J.T. , Rauch S.L. , Murphy D.L. , Rasmussen S.A. , Cullen B. , Hoehn‐Saric R. , Pinto A. , Fyer A.J. , Piacentini J. , Pauls D.L. , Bienvenu O.J. , Riddle M.A. , Liang K.Y. , Nestadt G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSLC1A encodes the neuronal and epithelial glutamate transporter and was previously tested as a candidate for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) by several research groups. Recently, three independent research groups reported significant association findings between OCD and several genetic variants in SLC1A1. This study reports the results from a family‐based association study, which examined the association between 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within or in proximity to the SLC1A1 gene. Although we did not replicate association findings for those significant SNPs reported by previous studies, our study indicated a strong association signal with the SNP RS301443 (P‐value = 0.000067; Bonferroni corrected P‐value = 0.0167) under a dominant model, with an estimated odds ratio of 3.5 (confidence interval: 2.66–4.50). Further, we conducted single SNP analysis after stratifying the full data set by the gender status of affecteds in each family. The P‐value for RS301443 in families with the male affecteds was 0.00027, and the P‐value in families with female affecteds was 0.076. The fact that we identified a signal which was not previously reported by the other research groups may be due to differences in study designs and sample ascertainment. However, it is also possible that this significant SNP may be part of a regulator for SLC1A1, given that it is roughly 7.5 kb away from the boundary of the SLC1A1 gene. However, this potential finding needs to be validated biologically. Further functional studies in this region are planned by this research group. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gebändigt: das hoch reaktive Oxoniumion
Authors: Haley Michael M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDas dreiwertige Sauerstoffatom als Strukturelement im tricyclischen Gerüst von 1–3 verleiht dieser „ungewöhnlichen“ Klasse von tertiären Oxoniumionen beispiellose Stabilität. Das Kation 1 ist am wenigsten reaktiv, es kann ohne erkennbare Zersetzung 72 h in siedendem Wasser erhitzt werden.magnified image
Selective Propene Epoxidation on Immobilized Au6–10 Clusters: The Effect of Hydrogen and Water on Activity and Selectivity
Authors: Lee Sungsik , Molina Luis M. , López María J. , Alonso Julio A. , Hammer Bjørk , Lee Byeongdu , Seifert Sönke , Winans Randall E. , Elam Jeffrey W. , Pellin Michael J. , Vajda Stefan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEpoxidation made easy: Subnanometer gold clusters immobilized on amorphous alumina result in a highly active and selective catalyst for propene epoxidation. The highest selectivity is found for gas mixtures involving oxygen and water, thus avoiding the use of hydrogen. Ab initio DFT calculations are used to identify key reaction intermediates and reaction pathways. The results confirm the high catalyst activity owing to the formation of propene oxide metallacycles. Al green, Au yellow, O red, and C gray.magnified image
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Argiotoxin 636 and Analogues: Selective Antagonists for Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors
Authors: Nelson Jared K. , Frølund Sidsel U. , Tikhonov Dennis B. , Kristensen Anders S. , Strømgaard Kristian 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMore discerning than the parent: Analogues of the polyamine toxin argiotoxin 636 (shown docked in the ion channel of an ionotropic glutamate (iGlu) receptor; N blue, O red) distinguish subtypes of iGlu receptors. Depending on which of the two internal amine groups is replaced with a methylene group, the analogue inhibits one or other of two receptor subtypes as potently as the natural compound, which itself inhibits both subtypes nonselectively.magnified image
Quality management and quality practice: Perspectives on their history and their future
Authors: Fisher N. I. , Nair V. N. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this article and a companion article is to explore a number of topics in Statistics in Business and Industry. This article sketches the history of Quality Management, from its emergence in the late 19th and early 20th centuries through to the present day. Particular emphasis is placed on activities in Japan immediately following the end of the Second World War, and subsequent developments elsewhere in the world. We draw a careful distinction between Quality Management and various methodologies that aid in its implementation, such as Six Sigma. In the words of one management practitioner, Norbert Vogel, ‘TQM in its broadest sense examines all aspects of management and the alternative methodologies being promoted are merely sub‐sets of what should be an integrated management system.’ The article concludes with some speculative thoughts about the future of Quality Management from a statistician's point of view. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntrophic interactions among anode respiring bacteria (ARB) and Non‐ARB in a biofilm anode: electron balances
Authors: Parameswaran Prathap , Torres César I. , Lee Hyung‐Sool , Krajmalnik‐Brown Rosa , Rittmann Bruce E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe demonstrate that the coulombic efficiency (CE) of a microbial electrolytic cell (MEC) fueled with a fermentable substrate, ethanol, depended on the interactions among anode respiring bacteria (ARB) and other groups of micro‐organisms, particularly fermenters and methanogens. When we allowed methanogenesis, we obtained a CE of 60%, and 26% of the electrons were lost as methane. The only methanogenic genus detected by quantitative real‐time PCR was the hydrogenotrophic genus, Methanobacteriales, which presumably consumed all the hydrogen produced during ethanol fermentation (∼30% of total electrons). We did not detect acetoclastic methanogenic genera, indicating that acetate‐oxidizing ARB out‐competed acetoclastic methanogens. Current production and methane formation increased in parallel, suggesting a syntrophic interaction between methanogens and acetate‐consuming ARB. When we inhibited methanogenesis with 50 mM 2‐bromoethane sulfonic acid (BES), the CE increased to 84%, and methane was not produced. With no methanogenesis, the electrons from hydrogen were converted to electrical current, either directly by the ARB or channeled to acetate through homo‐acetogenesis. This illustrates the key role of competition among the various H2 scavengers and that, when the hydrogen‐consuming methanogens were present, they out‐competed the other groups. These findings also demonstrate the importance of a three‐way syntrophic relationship among fermenters, acetate‐consuming ARB, and a H2 consumer during the utilization of a fermentable substrate. To obtain high coulombic efficiencies with fermentable substrates in a mixed population, methanogens must be suppressed to promote new interactions at the anode that ultimately channel the electrons from hydrogen to current. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 513–523. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alignment of skeletal muscle myoblasts and myotubes using linear micropatterned surfaces ground with abrasives
Authors: Shimizu Kazunori , Fujita Hideaki , Nagamori Eiji 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAlignment of cells plays a significant key role in skeletal muscle tissue engineering because skeletal muscle tissue in vivo has a highly organized structure consisting of long parallel multinucleated myotubes formed through differentiation and fusion of myoblasts. In the present study, we developed an easy, simple, and low‐cost method for aligning skeletal muscle cells by using surfaces with linear microscale features fabricated by grinding. Iron blocks were ground in one direction with three kinds of abrasives (9 µm diamond suspension, #400 sandpaper, and #150 sandpaper) and then used as molds to make micropatterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates (type I, type II, and type III). Observation of the surface topography revealed that the PDMS substrates exhibited different degree of mean roughness (Ra), 0.03 µm for type I, 0.16 µm for type II, and 0.56 µm for type III, respectively. Murine skeletal muscle cell line C2C12 myoblasts were cultured and differentiated on the patterned PDMS substrates, and it was examined whether the alignment of C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes was possible. Although the cell growth and differentiation on the three types of patterned substrates were similar to those on the flat PDMS substrate as a control, the alignment of both C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes was obviously observed on types II and III, but not on type I or the control substrate. These results indicate that surfaces ground with abrasives will be useful for fabricating aligned skeletal muscle tissues. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 631–638. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.