bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trauma in the tube: The problem of railway suicide and its consequences
Authors: Cocks Robert A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThere is some evidence to suggest that the pattern of serious suicide attempts is changing and that this change is influenced by the public awareness of the efficacy of particular methods as reported by the media. Railway suicide is only one of several popular means, but at least three studies suggest that its use is increasing both in England and in Canada. This method of suicide has definite effects upon the train drivers, who may suffer long‐term stress‐related disability. More research is needed into the motivation of psychiatrically ill patients to commit suicide and for better means to detect early warning signs which may lead to such an event.
Pity the spouse! Depression within marriage
Authors: Fadden Gráinne 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe literature on depression in marriage and the effects of depression on the patient's spouse is reviewed. Current treatments for depression frequently do not result in long‐term recovery. Relatives experience a considerable burden but their needs are often ignored. Typically, they receive very little information from professionals about the patient's illness or how to cope with the difficulties they face. Marital difficulties are sometimes present and may either result from or contribute to one partner's depression. However, problems of an interpersonal nature are usually not addressed once clinical improvement has been achieved. Psychosocial interventions are used only following several relapses. The need for broader assessment and outcome criteria is emphasized. Long‐term recovery may be more likely if interventions are directed at the various problems which exist, rather than concentrating solely on symptom relief. The methods used in the schizophrenia intervention studies and and with “normal” couples may be applicable when one partner is depressed. The few studies which have employed marital therapy as a treatment for depression, either alone or in combination with other therapies, show promising results. Further research is needed to ascertain which approach or combination of approaches is most successful in achieving long‐term recovery in depression.
Stress and the medical practitioner
Authors: Belfer Boris 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThere are stresses peculiar to being a medical practitioner, and superadded stressors applicable to women doctors. Some are extrinsic, some intrinsic. An interacting model is suggested: stresses that are inherent in the practice of medicine precipitate mental disorder in those predisposed to it; practice is particularly stressful to the ambitious, inflexible individual with a family history of mental disturbance and unhappy or unstable childhood.
Stress among construction site managers — A preliminary study
Authors: Sutherland Valerie , Davidson Marilyn J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article presents the results of a pilot study investigating stress among site managers in a large UK construction organization. It involved in‐depth interviews and standardized psychosocial questionnaires. A total of 36 male middle and senior construction site managers took part in the study. The major sources of stress isolated by the managers were related to; communication problems; work overload; conflict; and the limited time spent with family. The results revealed that job satisfaction levels were not as high as comparable managerial groups, and most dissatisfaction was related to employee relations issues. Mental well‐being was lower than for other population groups. Furthermore, low levels of social support from a spouse or partner were significantly associated with high anxiety, depression and reduced level of mental well‐being. Comparisons with white‐collar managers are made and the article also proposes recommendations based on the findings of this study.
Stress reactions among Swedish health care personnel in unifil, South Lebanon 1982–1984
Authors: Lundin Tom , Ulfotto  
Published: June 2007

AbstractSince 1948 almost 50,000 Swedish men and women have been in military UN service in more than 15 countries under very different circumstances. The stress situation for UN soldiers is quite different form soldiers in other military situations. The UN soldier might be scared by his own aggressiveness, because of his limited opportunities to use his weapons. The mission for the UNIFIL hospital in Naqoura, a few kilometres north of the Israeli border, is to provide the UN forces (5000–6000 soldiers) with hospital care and specialized medical services. Three contingents (N = 421) during three years have been studied by means of, questionnaires, self‐rating scales, a personality inventory test (KSP) and personal interviews. The personal interviews were structured and performed during the last mouth of service for each contingent. The UN soldiers were interviewed by six experienced psychiatrists, who were all well acquainted with the Swedish military system. All the interviews took place within the Swedish UN hospital area in south Lebanon, during one week for each group.
Metoprolol oros: Reducing medication stress in hypertension
Authors: Murphy J. Eric , Wheatley David 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAntihypertensive drug therapy constitutes a “life sentence” of drug‐taking for the patient and reduction of medication stress, by a simplified dose regime helps to ensure patient compliance. Metoprolol Oros (Metoros) contains 190 mg of metoprolol fumarate which allows continuous release of the drug by osmotic pressure to provide adequate therapeutic dose levels for 24 hours. Metoprolol Oros was compared to conventional metoprolol 100 mg bd in 60 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients for 12 weeks, following a one‐week control period. Significant reductions in pulse rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressures occurred in both groups but were significantly greater with metoprolol Oros (p<0.05). Thus, with metoprolol Oros the mean blood pressure fell from 177/103 to 150/84 and with metoprolol fumarate bd from 175/104 to 159/92 mm Hg. by the end of the trial. There were no significant differences between changes in supine and upright blood pressures in either group. The commonest side‐effect with metoprolol Oros was lassitude occuring in six cases (9 per cent) (metoprolol bd three cases, 10 per cent); whilst in the metoprolol fumarate bd group it was nocturia (six cases, 21 per cent) (Oros three cases, 10 per cent). There were no statistically significant between‐group differences in respect of any side‐effects. It was concluded that the trial had demonstrated metoprolol Oros to be an effective method of reducing blood pressure with superior results to the conventional form of the drug.
Irritability and physical symptoms in a three‐generation study of Mexican Americans
Authors: Lee David J. , Markides Kyriakos S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe association between physical symptom reporting and scores on the irritability subscale on the Buss‐Durkee Hostility Inventory was analyzed in a three‐generation sample of Mexican americans. Moderate associations were found between symptom‐reporting and irritability after controlling for alcohol consumption, smoking, marital status, age, income, education, and depressed affect. The strength of these associations varied by generation and gender. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that irritability may be associated with illness symptomatology. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
Stress in speech therapy
Authors: Tatham Alan , LCST Bette Clough , Maxwell Victor 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDespite high dropout rates within the profession, there has been little reported in the literature of stress concerning speech therapists. A questionnaire/survey was carried out of speech therapists within one regional health authority, examining demographic data, experience of stress, happiness in job, and factors producing strees. Clear evidence was Obtained that UK speech therapists report high levels of stress. Although large numbers were happy in their job, a significant number wished to leave. There were few correlations between reported stress and other factors. There was some indication of home‐work interaction and some differences between full‐time and part‐time staff. More obhisticated measures of stress utilizing grid techniques are recommended.
Job stress, mental health and job satisfaction among UK senior nurses
Authors: Baglioni A. J. , Cooper Cary L. , Hingley Peter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGiven that nursing is a potentially high‐stress occupation, the present study examines the effect of specific occupational stressors, coping strategies and type A behaviour on job satisfaction and mental well‐being of 475 UK senior nurses. Several stressors were identified which had a negative impact on job satisfaction. However, only stress associated with the nurse manager's workload was consistently found to be a predictor of mental health outcome measures. In addition, cognitive and behavioural coping techniques were noted.
Elevated blood pressure in air traffic controllers during a period of occupational conflict
Authors: Mundal R. , Erikssen J. , Bjørklund R. , Rodahl K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBlood pressure and resting heart rate were examined by standardized procedures in 33 air traffic controllers during a period of occupational conflict in 1981, followed by a reexamination of 27 of them in 1982 when the conflict was resolved, and again in 23 of them in 1988 when there was no conflict.The mean systolic blood pressure in the 27 air traffic controllers in 1982 was 116 mmHg as against 136 in 1981, a highly significant difference (p < 0.001). In 1988 the mean blood pressure was 121 mmHg in the 23 air traffic controllers examined on all three occasions, i.e. still significantly lower than in 1981 and only 5 mmHg higher than in 1982, roughly equivalent to the expected increase due to increase in age. The mean diastolic pressure was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in 1981 (90–87) than in 1982 (75–73) and 1988 (81–78), and thus slightly higher in 1988 than in 1982 as expected, due to age. The resting heart rates were essentially unaffected.The effect of occupational conflict on the blood pressures reported here should be kept in mind when considering blood pressure levels in occupational groups. It may in fact explain some of the conflicting results reported in the literature concerning the blood pressure of air traffic controllers.
Functional insomnia in relation to alexithymic features and cortisol hypersecretion in a community sample
Authors: Hyyppä Markku T. , Lindholm Tomi , Kronholm Erkki , Lehtinen Ville 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe occurrence of alexithymic features (inability to verbalize emotions) and cortisol hypersecretion was investigated in 257 subjects drawn from a Finnish adult community sample. Seventy‐five were considered to have poor sleep, 154 were good sleepers and 28 intermediate sleepers. The quality of sleep was investigated with the help of a self‐report‐based questionnaire, and alexithymic features were assessed during a psychiatric interview. Cortisol hypersecretion was measured by the dexamethasone suppression test (DST). Alexithymic features were clearly related to self‐reported insomnia and especially to long sleep latency (SL). Age and sex covaried with the relation between alexithymic features and quality of sleep. However, independent of age and sex, subjects with alexithymic features reported significantly more insomnia, difficulty in maintaining sleep (DMS) and parasomnias than non‐alexithymics. Though the occurrence of DST non‐suppressors did not differ in the good and the poor sleepers, the post‐dexamethasone cortisol level positively associated with alexithymic features. The data support but do not definitely prove the arousal theory of functional (psychophysiological) insomnia, ie a tendency of internalize psychic conflicts and an inability to verbalize them may lead to increased arousal and subsequent insomnia.
Mental health, job satisfaction, alcohol intake and occupational stress among dealers in financial markets
Authors: Kahn Howard , Cooper Cary L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study assessed the job stress and stress‐coping mechanisms associated with the mental health, job satisfaction and alcohol intake of dealers (i.e. traders in currency, gilts, swaps, bonds, etc.) working in the City of London. Two hundred and twenty‐five dealers completed questionnaires providing data on the independent variables of job stress, stress‐coping methods, coronary‐prone (type A) behaviour, locus of control, personality, sources of stress in the job, and demographic and biographic factors. Dependent variables were mental health, job satisfaction, and alcohol consumption. It was found that male dealers showed significantly higher anxiety scores than the normative population. The job satisfaction levels of dealers was found to be high. 41.3 per cent of dealers reported drinking more than the average for professionals and 23.6 per cent reported drinking at least twice as much as the recommended maximum weekly intake. Male dealers drank significantly more than female dealers. Multivariate analysis disclosed that the stress of taking risks and achieving high performance was related to both low job satisfaction and low mental health. The stress‐coping method of prioritizing and planning work was related to job satisfaction, mental health and lower alcohol consumption. Internal locus of control was found to be associated with both job satisfaction and mental health. Neuroticism was also highly predictive of mental health, as expected. Dealers working for US‐owned financial institutions were found to indicate significantly less job satisfaction and poorer mental health than dealers working for British‐owned institutions.
Obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Zetin Mark 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObsessive–compulsive disorder is a well‐defined clinical syndrome which has been very difficult to treat with standard psychotherapies and medications. There is a ‘hidden epidemic’ of silent sufferers who will begin seeking treatment as general knowledge of the efficacy of serotinin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and behavioral therapy becomes widespread. The serotonin model requires us to reconceptualize the monoamine reuptake inhibitors as more than antidepressants and raises the issue of whether there is a commonality in the biology of compulsions, impulsivity, bulimia, and suicide.
Kuwait Airways hijack: Psychological consequences for survivors
Authors: Thompson James 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article reports on the psychological reactions of subjects who survived the hijacking of a Kuwait Airways jet in April 1988. Subjects were sent questionnaires within two weeks of their release, and 13 of the 22 survivors replied. Eight of these subjects were showing probable psychological distress and in three of them this was in the severe category. The most common complaints were of anxiety and intrusive memories, and to a lesser extent an inability to function properly at home and at work. Nine survivors replied to a follow‐up six months later; four of them were above the cutoff point for psychological distress. The key features of the survivors' reactions are discussed.
A longitudinal study of the occurrence and persistence of post‐traumatic health problems in disaster survivors
Authors: Holen Are 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn order to explore the impact of catastrophic stress on health problems, the insurance records of workers (N = 73) surviving an oil rig disaster were studied longitudinally. The figures were compared with a group (N = 89) of offshore oil workers not exposed to disaster and matched for an age and sex. The observation period lasted from the disaster in 1980 through the first six months of 1988. Baseline data from the two years prior to the disaster showed no significant differences between the populations. However, among the survivors a significant increase in general morbidity appeared during the aftermath of the disaster with regard to both occurrence and persistence. When diagnoses were divided into ‘psychiatric’ and ‘non‐psychiatric’ the most striking changes were found for the psychiatric diagnoses. More moderate, yet significant differences emerged for the non‐psychiatric diagnoses. Of these, the psychosomatic diagnoses tended to show significant differences while the group of general somatic diagnoses did not. Indications of an increased accident proneness in the survivors were also demonstrated. Occurrence rates and the level of persistence remained fairly stable throughout the observation period; no obvious decline over the years was found. The findings emphasize the need for appropriate help programme for the victims of catastrophic stress aiming at the reduction of the occurrence and persistence of psychiatric and non‐psychiatric health problems.
Psychiatric disorders in primary health care clinics one year after a major latin american disaster
Authors: Lima Bruno R. , Pai Shaila , Caris Luis , Haro Josep Maria , Lima Ana Maciel , Toledo Virginia , Lozano Julio , Santacruz Hernan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOne year after a major natural disaster in Colombia, 100 consecutive adult patients attending two primary health care clinics in neighboring towns were screened for emotional distress with the Self‐Reporting Questionnaire, and a sub‐sample of 50 subjects were administered a semi‐structured psychiatric interview to produce DSM‐III diagnoses. Of those, 20 (40%) had a psychiatric diagnosis: post‐traumatic stress disorder (n = 12), generalized anxiety disorder (n = 6), psychological factors complicating physical illness (n = 1), and drug abuse (n = 1). The screening instrument proved adequate for the identification of patients at risk of having a psychiatric disorder: its sensitivity was 90%, and its specificity was 50%.
Stress and immunity in individuals at risk for aids
Authors: Antoni Michael H. , LaPerriere Arthur , Schneiderman Neil , Fletcher Mary Ann 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe have examined psychosocial and immune system stress responses in gay men before and after their notification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1) status and as a consequence of stress management intervention procedures. Prior to notification, early stage, asymptomatic, seropositive men displayed compromised immunity as evidenced by significant decreases in CD4+ cell number, the helper subset (CD29 + CD4 +), CD4 +/CD8 + ratio, and lymphocyte responses to mitogens. Prior to diagnosis, both seronegative and seropositive men revealed suppression of NK cell cytotoxicity and mitogen responsivity relative to matched laboratory control subjects not awaiting diagnosis. Immune suppression in these seronegative men disappeared after diagnosis, indicating its relationship to anticipation of serostatus notification. We also found that a 10‐week program of aerobic exercise or psychosocial stress management buffered the psychological impact of notification of seropositivity. The aerobic exercise program produced a significant increase in CD4+ cells for seronegatives and a smaller increase approaching significance for seropositives. The psychosocial intervention, which included relaxation training and cognitive stress management, produced significant increases in CD4+ and NKH.1 + for seronegatives and CD45R + CD4 + cell number and mitogen responsivity for seropositives. We are assessing our interventions as tools for retarding immune deterioration and disease progression in HIV‐1 seropositive individuals.
Depression, distress, and immunity: Risk factors for infectious disease
Authors: Levy Sandra M. , Heiden Lynda 
Published: June 2007

AbstractImmunological findings from studies of depressed populations are reviewed, and selected methodological issues are addressed related to the area of human behavioral immunology. Of particular interest here is the role of natural killer (NK) cell activity in health risk, and the possible effects of negative mood or distress as a modifier of natural immunity in normal populations. Results from a longitudinal study of community volunteers suggested that individuals who were currently healthy, but who exhibited a persistently low pattern of basal natural immunity and who perceived their environment as more stressful, were at risk for development of infectious disease over follow‐up. The results also suggested that plasma beta endorphin might be playing some moderating role in affecting the observed pattern of NK activity in the sample.
Coping with stress
Authors: Sachs Bernice C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSixty per cent of office visits to family practitioners are prompted by emotionally induced, stress‐related symptoms. How a person responds to life events, not the events themselves, influences susceptibility to disease. Failure to cope well with stress can enhance illness and impair the immune system, whereas adequate coping reflects psychological strength that promotes health.The core of stress management is teaching a patient to relax and it is here that hypnosis is of major importance. Hypnotic suggestion exerts a potent force on imagination. Using self‐hypnosis with ego‐strengthening suggestions enhances self‐esteem and a healthy sense of control over one's life.Neutralizing anxiety, fear and tension through hypnosis creates a generalized decrease in autonomic nervous system activity which results in reducing the stress that contributes to disease.
A criterion oriented validation study of the OSI outcome measures on a sample of health service employees
Authors: Rees David W. , Cooper Cary L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) was used on 1042 employees of a district health authority in the North West of England. They consisted of 524 nurses, 61 junior doctors, 144 staff of professions allied to medicine, 62 scientific and technical staff, 26 catering staff, 38 maintenance staff, 12 general managers and 48 of unknown occupation. There were highly significant positive correlations between mental and physical ill‐health and self‐reported sickness absence, and a highly significant inverse correlation between job satisfaction and sickness absence.
Uses of the dependency grid for investigating social support in stressful situations
Authors: Talbot Reg , Cooper Cary L. , Ellis Bob 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Dependency Grid may be useful in measuring social support in stressful situations. We compared 14 hypertensive patients to a matched control set of normals, the samples being restricted to men with a mean age of 42–43 years. The potential that the Dependency Grid and its many possible variants have for investigating social support systems was demonstrated and, although the samples were small, enough differences between hypertensive and normals were revealed to warrant its further development.
Can antistress music tapes reduce mental stress?
Authors: Hatta Takeshi , Nakamura Minako 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe effects of so‐called antistress music tapes on reduction of mental stress were examined using Cox and Mackay's SACL, Japanese edition (J‐SACL). Fifty‐two subjects were exposed to experimentally induced stressful situations and the J‐SACL was administered before and after this stress exposure. The results indicated that: (1) music tapes in general could reduce both the stress and arousal factors of the J‐SACL; (2) however, differential effects in stress reduction of antistress music tapes were not demonstrated; (3) stress‐reducing effects were more prominent in stress than in arousal factors.