bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent extraction and soil washing treatment of contaminated soils from wood preserving sites: Bench‐scale studies
Authors: Sahle‐Demessie Endalkachew , Grosse Douglas W. , Bates Edward R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBench‐scale solvent extraction and soil washing studies were performed on soil samples obtained from three abandoned wood preserving sites included in the National Priority List. The soil samples from these sites were contaminated with high levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pentachlorophenol (PCP), dioxins, and heavy metals. The effectiveness of the solvent extraction process was assessed using liquefied propane or dimethyl ether as solvents over a range of operating conditions. These studies have demonstrated that a two‐stage solvent extraction process using dimethyl ether as a solvent at a ratio of 1.61 per kg of soil could decrease dioxin levels in the soil by 93.0 to 98.9 percent, and PCP levels by 95.1 percent. Reduction percentages for benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) potency estimate and total detected PAHs were 82.4 and 98.6 percent, respectively. Metals concentrations were not reduced by the solvent extraction treatment. These removal levels could be significantly improved using a multistage extraction system. Commercial scale solvent extraction using liquefied gases costs about $220 per ton of contaminated soil. However, field application of this technology at the United Creosote site, Conroe, Texas, failed to perform to the level observed at bench scale due to the excessive foaming and air emission problem.Soil washing using surfactant solution and wet screening treatability studies were also performed on the soil samples in order to assess remediation strategies for sites. Although aqueous phase solubility of contaminants seemed to be the most important factor affecting removal of contaminants from soil, surfactant solutions (3 percent by weight) having nonionic surfactants with hydrophile‐lipophile balance (HLB) of about 14 (Makon‐12 and Igepal CA 720) reduced the PAH levels by an average of 71 percent, compared to no measurable change when pure deionized water was used. Large fractioza of clay and silt (<0.06mm), high le!ezielsof orgaizic contami‐ nants and hzimic acid can makesoil washing less applicable.
Steady‐state field‐scale gas permeability estimation and pore‐gas velocity calculation in a domain open to the atmosphere
Authors: Digiulio Dominic C. , Varadhan Ravi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractField‐scale estimation of gas permeability and subsequent computation of pore‐gas velocity profiles are critical elements of sound soil venting design. It has been our experience, however, in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) technical assistance program, provided by the Office of Research and Development in support EPA regional offices, that many venting practitioners are unaware of equations and data interpretation methods appropriate for gas permeability estimation and pore‐gas velocity computation. To ameliorate this situation, we use data collected at a U.S. Coast Guard Station in Traverse City, Michigan, to demonstrate gets permeability estimation and pore‐gas velocity calculation for steady‐state, axisymmetric, two‐dimensional gas flow in a domain open to the atmosphere. For gas permeability estimation, we use random guesses constrained with decreasing intervals of radial and vertical permeabilityand analysis of root mean square errors to ensure attainment of a global versus local minimum. We demonstrate confidence in permeability estimation by providing plots of observed versus simulated pressure response. Finally, we illustrate how plots of pore‐gas velocity as a function of distance and flow rate can be helpful in venting design.
Laboratory studies on the remediation of mercury contaminated soils
Authors: Ray Asim B. , Selvakumar Ariamalar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMercury, in contrast to other toxic metals, cycles between the atmosphere, land, and water. During this cycle, it undergoes a series of complex chemical and physical transformations. Because of these transformations, it is found in the environment not only as simple inorganic and organic compounds, but also as complex compounds. As a result, it is difficult to remediate mercury contaminated materials. Laboratory studies were conducted with a mercury contaminated complex waste from an industrial site to evaluate the ability of extractants such as H2O2, H2SO4 and Na2S2O3 to decontaminate the waste. Up to 87 percent of the total mercury present in the waste was extracted. Mercury was recovered as insoluble mercury sulfide by adding Na2S solution to the combined filtrates from the H2O2 + H2SO4 and Na2S2O3 treatment steps. The technique described in this article is capable of recovering mercury in a usable form and can be used as a pretreatment to remediate mercury contaminated waste before laud disposal.
Pilot Scale Demonstration of the Electrochemical Peroxidation Process at a Petroleum Spill Site
Authors: Healy William P. , Fina Fil L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a pilot test experiment involving approximately 200,000 gallons of groundwater, Electrochemical Peroxidation (ECP) was used to degrade aqueous phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds and methyl tertbutyl ether (MTBE) from a petroleum spill. ECP involves a form of the Fenton's Reagent reaction, which uses electrochemically generated iron and dilute hydrogen peroxide (<30 mg/L) to break down organic molecules through oxidation to carbon dioxide and water. This article discusses a pilot scale demonstration of the ECP technology and its application to aqueous phase organic contaminants.The remedial approach used at the pilot test site involves three phases: (1) ex‐situ chemical oxidation, (2) in‐situ oxidation by reinjection of treated effluent near the plume origin, and (3) reestablishment of aerobic biodegradation as the residual hydrogen peroxide discharged to a series of upgradient wells degrades to oxygen. Analytical results of the pilot demonstration indicate that the ex‐situ chemical oxidation reduced total BTEX concentrations in groundwater from over 1,000 ppb to undetectable concentrations (<1 ppb). © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dose Assessment for Process Water Tunnels at Hanford Site
Authors: Kamboj Sunita , Yu Charley , LePoire David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe RESRAD‐BUILD and RESRAD computer codes were used for dose assessment of the 105‐C Process Water Tunnels at the Hanford Site. The evaluation assessed three different exposure scenarios: recreational use, tunnel maintenance worker, and residential use. The recreationist and maintenance worker scenarios were evaluated by using RESRAD‐BUILD, a computer model for analyzing the radiological doses resulting from remediation and occupancy of structures contaminated with radioactive material. The recreationist was assumed to use the tunnels as an overnight shelter for eight hours per day for one week. The maintenance worker was assumed to spend 20 hours per year working in the the tunnel. Six exposure pathways were considered for both scenarios in dose assessment. The gradual removal of surface contamination over time and ingrowth of decay products were considered in calculating the dose at different times. The maximum dose would occur immediately after the release and was estimated to be 1.9 mrem/yr for the recreationist and 0.9 mrem/yr for the maintenance worker. The residential scenario was evaluated by using the probabilistic RESRAD code. It was assumed that total activity from the tunnels would be brought into the near‐surface layer by future human activities. Eight exposure pathways were considered. The maximum yearly dose for this very unlikely scenario would occur immediately after the release and was less than 4 mrem/yr for the maximally exposed individual. The assessment demonstrates that both codes are suitable for nuclear facility decontamination and decommissioning sites, where buildings and structures with residual radioactivity must be evaluated to facilitate property transfer or release.
Voluntary or mandatory environmental auditing in the european community: The carrot or the stick?
Authors: Bryson Nancy S. , Teare Peter A. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne possible route to responsible environmental management now under active discussion in the European Community (EC) is a European‐wide environmental auditing program. The issue currently being debated by the EC's policy body is what form the program should take—mandatory or voluntary. Whatever the final form of the regulation, environmental management is about to gain added significance in boardrooms throughout Europe and the environmental auditing industry is about to experience a dramatic period of growth in the EC.
TQM and strategic environmental management
Authors: Blake Gene 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBeyond the avoided costs for noncompliance lies an area of economic opportunity. Strategic approaches are necessary to tap these opportunities, but only recently have the principles of Total Quality Management been considered for environmental applications. This article identifies common principles in strategic environmental planning and thematic bridges to TQM philosophies. By applying TQM to strategic environmental planning, an environmental manager can thus address both avoided cost and environmental opportunity to improve overall corporate strategic advantage.
Integrating total quality principles into an environmental training program
Authors: Weise Beverly L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo effectively comply with pressing environmental regulations, Northrop Aircraft Division needed to quickly train 5,000 employees to handle and dispose of hazardous waste properly. To accomplish this environmental cultural change process, Northrop decided to incorporate the principles of another culture change being effected within the company—that of Total Quality Management. The necessary information was delivered to thousands of workers in a limited amount of time through a new Focal Point training program, the effectiveness of which was demonstrated by marked improvement in inspection reports.
ANSI X12: Data standards for TQEM
Authors: Ferguson Richard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne key development in environmental software is the adoption of a common electronic language for exchanging EH&S data. The ANSIX12‐based data management tools offer compatibility across platforms within the company as well as between different companies. The X12 syntax makes it easy for environmental managers to integrate functions more closely with either materials management or quality management systems.
Polaroid's environmental accounting and reporting system: Benefits and limitations of a tqem measurement tool
Authors: Nash Jennifer , Nutt Karen , Maxwell James , Ehrenfeld John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPolaroid Corporation has established an ambitious pollution prevention program that calls for reducing chemical use and waste by 10 percent per unit per year during the period 1988 to 1993. A notable aspect of Polaroid'S efforts is the environmental accounting and reporting system (EARS) it has developed to measure progress toward this goal. EARS is a Total Quality Environmental Management tool with applicability in similar industries.
Building audits into tqem measurement systems at P&G
Authors: Fisher Michael T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article discusses an approach to building environmental compliance audits into an effective TQEM measurement system. With this approach, companies can move their existing programs from just “meeting the law” to being viewed as “leaders in environmental excellence.” The benefit of this change is that local communities are more likely to allow their environmental leaders the operating flexibility that minimizes cost and the necessary permits for expansion.
Understanding the roles of customers and suppliers in quality assurance and quality control
Authors: Patterson Ronald K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractQuality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) are basic components of a TQEM program. All too often these functions are loosely defined and used interchangeably. Yet, the quality of outputs and services strongly depends on the caliber of the communications between the “customer” and the “supplier.” A clear understanding of customer needs and expectations is essential to selecting and applying suitable QA and QC. Planning, implementing, and assessing all play a major part in the quality of final outputs. A clear understanding of the customer/supplier relationship and the functional roles played by each is essential to a successful TQEM program. This article identifies, clarifies, and simplifies the quality management responsibilities of the customer and the supplier. The ideas presented are applicable in all work environments, including research and development (R&D).
Applying a continuous improvement methodology to lockheed's environmental programs
Authors: Posson Mark C. , Gibson Steve 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe number of environmental statutes has increased precipitously over the last twenty years. Regulations to implement these statutes went from four thousand pages in 1978 to over twelve thousand pages in 1992. With the many requirements of the regulatory programs comes a high risk of failure. Applying the continuous improvement principles and tools presented in this article has helped Lockheed meet this challenge by providing a focus and balance in its environmental programs.
Working toward standards, auditor qualifications at the environmental auditing roundtable
Authors: Ambrose Tom 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Environmental Auditing Roundtable (EAR) is the original professional organization dedicated to furthering the development and professional practice of environmental, health, and safety auditing. It began in 1982 as literally a roundtable of managers who met to discuss what environmental auditing was and to share practices.The group has held quarterly meetings since that time and has undergone several major changes. In 1984 the organization significantly expanded its membership and established a formal program committee. Major steps were taken in 1987 through the adoption of the Code of Ethics and the first formal bylaws to allow the EAR to be an organization with individual members and election of a board of directors by the membership at large.A significant milestone toward becoming a professional society occurred in 1991 with the incorporation of the EAR as a not‐for‐profit organization with a two‐fold purpose: to provide a forum for the exchange of technical, regulatory, and professional auditing information; and to further the development and professional practice of environmental, health, and safety (EH&S) auditing. Today, there are about three hundred members of the EAR—individuals from industry, academia, service organizations, law firms, and government—who have agreed to abide by the Code of Ethics and to advance the practice of EH&S auditing.
Reducing life‐cycle environmental impacts: An industry survey of emerging tools and programs
Authors: Sullivan Michael S. , Ehrenfeld John R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCorporate environmental practices have been evolving quite rapidly in recent years, as consumers express their preferences for environmentally friendly products and practices, as manufacturers look “upstream” and inquire into their suppliers' environmental practices due to liability and marketing concerns, and as company operating costs increase as a result of new environmental regulations. New corporate efforts are made to anticipate (rather than respond to) outside environmental pressures, to internalize costs, and to find strategic opportunities or competitive advantages based on company or product environmental performance. This article describes a survey and research project designed to explore one aspect of these evolving corporate practices—the use of analytical tools and associated programs, such as life‐cycle assessment and design‐for‐environment—by companies to account for impacts throughout a product'S life‐cycle.
Evaluating management systems as part of environmental audits
Authors: Cahill Lawrence B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEvaluating management systems is a crucial component of any environmental audit. Evolving regulations and directives acknowledge this importance. Remedying management deficiencies can result in long‐term, lasting improvements in environmental compliance with external requirements and internal policies. This article presents ideas and examples from leading companies on how environmental audits can be designed to enhance TQEM systems.
Auditing for environmental excellence at union carbide
Authors: Coulter Paul D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUnion Carbide formed its current Health, Safety, and Environmental Audit Program in 1985 following the Bhopal, India, tragedy in December 1984. Although our pre‐Bhopal record confirmed our belief that we had an excellent program, with the help of a consulting firm we went back to the drawing board and questioned everything. We raised the bar and set as one of our goals the development and implementation of an audit program that is “second to none”. This article details the specific tools being used by Union Carbide auditors to ensure environmental excellence at our numerous plant sites.
Environmental auditing and continuous improvement at lockheed
Authors: Posson Mark C. , Barney Craig A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractContinuous Improvement can be applied to every business function, including environmental auditing. The benefits of customer focus and performance measurement are realized in a more efficient business system and a higher level of environmental compliance. Lockheed has successfully used Continuous Improvement principles in the development and implementation of its environmental auditing program, which are described in this article.
What's the difference between reengineering and tqem?
Authors: Wells Richard P. , O'Connell Patricia A. , Hochman Stephen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReengineering has become the latest corporate management buzzword, replacing, in many cases, total quality management as the panacea for industrial ills. How different are reengineering and total quality management (TQM), if at all, and how does each apply to environmental management? In this article the authors examine the concepts of reengineering and TQM as they apply to environmental management.
Total quality product design—how to integrate environmental criteria into the product realization process
Authors: Oakley Brian T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecent case studies on the financial benefits of pollution prevention programs well attest to the notion that a commitment to the environment can help profitability not only by avoiding costs and potential liabilities, but also by generating environmentally‐based opportunities for competitive advantage. Achieving these benefits, however, represents a complex management challenge that requires embedding environmental concerns in the day‐to‐day decisions and actions of a company'S employees. This article shows how the marriage of corporate environmental stewardship and TQM, better known as TQEM, is particularly well suited to the area of product design and why environmental health and safety experts can improve a product'S environmental performance.
Environmental performance indicators: Balancing compliance with business economics
Authors: Haines Robert W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMany companies are examining ways to integrate environmental performance into the management and operation of their core businesses. Basic principles from the application of TQM in manufacturing will help bring environmental management into the mainstream of business operations. Likely results include improved and sustained compliance and improved long‐term financial performance. The author addresses a critical first step, which is developing a common language and system for measuring environmental performance and setting goals for continuous improvement.
Training for benchmarking: The alliedsignal experience
Authors: Stevenson Cathy A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntegration of TQM principles and tools into environmental management decisions is essential to the ultimate success of businesses. Benchmarking is one of the most powerful TQM tools for quickly and effectively improving processes. To realize the maximum benefit from benchmarking, it—like any other TQM tool—must be used appropriately and properly. In this article training techniques are presented that will help companies realize the full potential of their benchmarking efforts.
The top ten reasons why phase I environmental assessment reports miss the mark
Authors: Kane Raymond W. , Cahill Lawrence B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecently, there has been considerable professional concern over many of the issues associated with environmental assessments, including report writing.Unfortunately there still are no nationally recognized published guidelines on what constitutes an acceptable report.In this article the authors show how reports can be vastly improved to help companies evaluate risks and make better business decisions. Their guidance can be applied to a broad range of auditing and assessment activity to improve environmental quality performance.
Total employee involvement: Measures for success
Authors: Cramer J. M. , Roes B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhether environmental management is successful depends partly on whether managers can actively involve employees in policy formulation and implementation. This not only generates shop floor support for environmental policy, it also makes use of employees' environmental knowledge and expertise. Based on eight detailed case studies of different Dutch companies, this article examines the involvement of employees in environmental management and the possibilities of enhancing this involvement. It shows how employee involvement can be promoted by improving employeemanagement interaction, promoting responsibility for the environment among middle management and individual employees, formulating supplementary policy, and introducing a number of concrete measures.
Industrial ecology—an organizing framework for environmental management
Authors: Lowe Ernest 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIndustrial ecology is a systemic organizing framework for the many facets of environmental management. It views the industrial world as a natural system, embedded in local ecosystems and the global biosphere. It provides a fundamental understanding of the value of modeling the industrial system on ecosystems to achieve sustainable environmental performance. In this article, the author shows how it offers powerful tools of analysis that complement and enhance those offered by such approaches as Total Quality Environmental Management or pollution prevention.
Innovative ecomanagement practices and programs worldwide
Authors: Friberg Ruger 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt is easy to tell people how to be environmentally friendly. It is easy to promise what you intend to do in the future. But in my mind the number of green people declines when we talk about true round‐the‐clock environmentalists, those who live like they teach; we cut out the talkers and look at what people have achieved instead of what they intend to do.