bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective autophagy enhances antistress ability through AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway in human immortalized keratinocytes
Authors: Shi Zhinan , Wang Jing , Li Min , Gu Li , Xu Zhiyi , Zhai Xiaoyu , Zhou Shu , Zhao Jingting , Gu Liqun , Chen Lin , Ju Linling , Zhou Bingrong , Hua Hui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractKeratinocytes, located in the outermost layer of human skin, are pivotal cells to resist environmental damage. Cellular autophagy plays a critical role in eliminating damaged organelles and maintaining skin cell homeostasis. Low‐dose 5‐Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA‐PDT) has been demonstrated to enhance skin's antistress ability; however, the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy in keratinocytes remain unclear. In this study, we treated immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) with low‐dose ALA‐PDT (0.5 mmol/L, 3 J/cm2). Through RNA‐sequencing analysis, we identified that low‐dose ALA‐PDT modulated autophagy‐related pathways in keratinocytes and pinpointed Unc‐51‐like kinase 1 (ULK1) as a key gene involved. Western blot results revealed that low‐dose ALA‐PDT treatment upregulated the expression of autophagy‐related proteins Beclin‐1 and LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio. Notably, low‐dose ALA‐PDT regulated autophagy by inducing an appropriate level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), transiently reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreasing adenosine triphosphate production; all these processes functioned on the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ULK1 pathway to activate autophagy. Finally, we simulated external environmental damage using ultraviolet B (UVB) at a dose of 60 mJ/cm2 and observed that low‐dose ALA‐PDT mitigated UVB‐induced cell apoptosis; however, this protective effect was reversed when using the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine. Overall, these findings highlight how low‐dose ALA‐PDT enhances antistress ability in HaCaT cells through controlling ROS generation and activating the AMPK/ULK1 pathway to arouse cellular autophagy.
Secondary syphilis in the third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Tajiri Ryosuke , Kondo Emi , Saito Yuma , Sekimata Mao , Kinjo Yasuyuki , Mori Hiroshi , Yoshino Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageSyphilis infections discovered late in pregnancy, as in this case, may not be treated long enough for delivery. The Japanese guidelines should be revised because they do not describe the mode of delivery for pregnant women infected with syphilis.
3,4‐Dimethylenecyclobutene: A Building Block for Design of Macrocycles with Excited State Aromatic Low‐Lying High‐Spin States
Authors: Preethalayam Preethanuj , Roldao Juan Carlos , Castet Frédéric , Casanova David , Radenković Slavko , Ottosson Henrik 
Published: March 2024

Abstract3,4‐Dimethylenecyclobutene (DMCB) is an unusual isomer of benzene. Motivated by recent synthetic progress to substituted derivatives of this scaffold, we carried out a theoretical and computational analysis with a particular focus on the extent of (anti)aromatic character in the lowest excited states of different multiplicities. We found that the parent DMCB is non‐aromatic in its singlet ground state (S0), lowest triplet state (T1), and lowest singlet excited state (S1), while it is aromatic in its lowest quintet state (Q1) as this state is represented by a triplet multiplicity cyclobutadiene (CBD) ring and two uncoupled same‐spin methylene radicals. Interestingly, the Q1 state, despite having four unpaired electrons, is placed merely 4.8 eV above S0, and there is a corresponding singlet tetraradical 0.16 eV above. The DMCB is potentially a highly useful structural motif for the design of larger molecular entities with interesting optoelectronic properties. Here, we designed macrocycles composed of fused DMCB units, and according to our computations, two of these have low‐lying nonet states (i. e., octaradical states) at energies merely 2.40 and 0.37 eV above their S0 states as a result of local Hückel‐ and Baird‐aromatic character of individual 6π‐ and 4π‐electron monocycles.
Dental students in an orthodontic course flipped classroom: A semi‐experimental study on knowledge, practice, attitude, and satisfaction
Authors: Karandish Maryam , Karimian Zahra , Parastar Mina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the students' attitudes before and after the flipped classroom, and the effectiveness of this method to promote the students' lateral cephalograms tracing abilities, students' satisfaction and their final exam scores.Materials and MethodsThis is a single‐group quasi‐experimental research conducted on dental students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Iran in 2019. The intervention was carried out in a blended learning approach with the flipped classroom model. Thirty‐five fourth‐year dental students participated in a flipped classroom held during a semester for the lateral cephalograms tracing course. The students were provided with the educational materials before the class time through multimedia learning tools and the class time was devoted to discussions. The students were asked to fill out four questionnaires (pretest/posttest attitudes, pretest/posttest self‐assessments of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in cephalograms, posttest of satisfaction from quality of the course, and posttest of students' views about effectiveness of blended learning tools) and final exam scores of students.ResultsStudents' attitudes toward e‐Learning were improved after the flipped classroom and the quality of this method was acceptable to the students (p < .001). Their self‐assessment of theoretical knowledge and practical skills were promoted (p < .001). While all blended learning tools averaged more than the cut‐off‐point, short lecture (5.11 ± 0.98) and live feedback (4.98 ± 1.07) were considered to be the most efficient interactive tools.ConclusionIt seems that the flipped classroom has a positive effect on increasing students' knowledge, attitude, and satisfaction. In general, this method of learning seems to be favored by dental students.Clinical SignificanceThe findings showed that blended learning had a positive effect on increasing knowledge, performance, and satisfaction among dental students. Therefore, blended learning as a reliable method might be used in training dental students.
Whole‐mitogenome analysis unveils previously undescribed genetic diversity in cane toads across their invasion trajectory
Authors: Cheung Kelton , Amos Timothy G. , Shine Rick , DeVore Jayna L. , Ducatez Simon , Edwards Richard J. , Rollins Lee Ann 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInvasive species offer insights into rapid adaptation to novel environments. The iconic cane toad (Rhinella marina) is an excellent model for studying rapid adaptation during invasion. Previous research using the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 3 (ND3) gene in Hawai'ian and Australian invasive populations found a single haplotype, indicating an extreme genetic bottleneck following introduction. Nuclear genetic diversity also exhibited reductions across the genome in these two populations. Here, we investigated the mitochondrial genomics of cane toads across this invasion trajectory. We created the first reference mitochondrial genome for this species using long‐read sequence data. We combined whole‐genome resequencing data of 15 toads with published transcriptomic data of 125 individuals to construct nearly complete mitochondrial genomes from the native (French Guiana) and introduced (Hawai'i and Australia) ranges for population genomic analyses. In agreement with previous investigations of these populations, we identified genetic bottlenecks in both Hawai'ian and Australian introduced populations, alongside evidence of population expansion in the invasive ranges. Although mitochondrial genetic diversity in introduced populations was reduced, our results revealed that it had been underestimated: we identified 45 mitochondrial haplotypes in Hawai'ian and Australian samples, none of which were found in the native range. Additionally, we identified two distinct groups of haplotypes from the native range, separated by a minimum of 110 base pairs (0.6%). These findings enhance our understanding of how invasion has shaped the genetic landscape of this species.
Synthesis and Properties of Azadibenzo[a,e]pyrenes
Authors: Khomutetckaia Aleksandra , Ehlers Peter , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFour different isomeric azadibenzo[a,e]pyrenes (benzo[4,10]anthra[9,1‐gh]isoquinolines and benzo[4,10]anthra[1,9‐fg]isoquinolines) were prepared by combination of Pd‐catalyzed Sonogashira and Suzuki cross‐coupling, Brønsted acid mediated cycloisomerization and Pd‐catalysed CH‐activation reactions. The optical properties have been studied by steady‐state absorption and emission spectroscopy in different solvents and during acid titration. Trifluoroacetic acid protonation strongly affects absorption and emission properties, with variations depending on the position of the nitrogen atom of the specific compound. Electrochemical analysis showed distinct oxidation and reduction potentials. DFT calculations provided further insights into electronic properties.
Cyclodextrin‐Based Catenanes Platformed with meso‐Arylporphyrin
Authors: Asai Kaoru , Mao Qiyue , Nakagami Atsuki , Kitagishi Hiroaki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAmong mechanically interlocked supramolecular systems with cyclodextrins (CDs), successful examples of CD‐based catenanes are limited compared to a number of CD rotaxanes owing to the synthetic difficulties. We herein demonstrate an efficient synthesis of a CD‐based catenane using a meso‐arylporphyrin (Por) platform. Using Por modified with two olefin‐terminated oxyethylene chains at the cis‐meso‐positions, an interlocked Por‐CD catenane was synthesized via olefin metathesis in the presence of per‐O‐methylated β‐CD (TMe‐β‐CD) in water. The novel Por‐CD catenane was obtained in 30 % isolated yield, which was characterized by MALDI‐TOF mass and NMR spectroscopies. In the latter part, we demonstrate determination of the binding constants between TMe‐β‐CD and meso‐(4‐sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin using Por‐CD catenane, 2,6‐di‐O‐methyl‐β‐CD (DMe‐β‐CD), and 13C‐labeled TMe‐β‐CD (13C‐TMe‐β‐CD). The host‐guest exchange reaction from the Por‐CD catenane/DMe‐β‐CD to the Por‐CD catenane/TMe‐β‐CD complexes was directly monitored through 1D HMQC spectroscopy. The ratio of these complexes revealed the difference in the binding affinities of DMe‐β‐CD and TMe‐β‐CD to Por. The stable 1 : 2 inclusion complex between meso‐tetrakis(4‐sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS) and TMe‐β‐CD has been well‐studied for many years. This study is the first to determine the respective binding constants, K1 and K2, using the model system, to be 3.0×107 M−1 and 3.4×107 M−1, respectively.
Selective Transformation of 1,3‐Cyclooctadiene into Novel Functionalized Azaheterocycles, β‐Amino Esters, and Lactams by Means of Ring‐Rearrangement Metathesis
Authors: Semghouli Anas , Drahos László , Volk Balázs , Kiss Loránd 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDiversity‐oriented synthesis of some novel functionalized azaheterocyclic β‐amino esters with multiple chiral centers from 1,3‐cyclooctadiene‐based β‐amino acids through a stereocontrolled synthetic route has been accomplished. The strategy was based on the creation of some novel unsaturated N‐protected cyclic β‐amino esters from 1,3‐cyclooctadiene. Products were subjected to ring‐opening metathesis (ROM) followed by selective ring‐closing metathesis (RCM). A comparative investigation on the selectivity, regarding the catalysts, yields, conversions, and substrate directing effect on ring‐rearrangement metathesis (RRM) transformation has been accomplished. Importantly, the procedure used in this synthetic process does not affect the configuration of the chiral centers. The pathway takes place across conservation of the configurations of the stereocenters; therefore, the architectural skeleton of the starting cyclooctene‐based β‐amino acids predetermined the structure of the new azaheterocyclic systems.
High‐resolution mapping type WENO‐Z schemes for solving compressible flow
Authors: Tang Shujiang , Li Mingjun 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThis paper presents a new WENO‐Z scheme (WENO‐MZ) that incorporates a mapping function to enhance the weights of the less smooth sub‐stencils. The mapping function uses an innovative approach to modify the weight ratio of the less smooth sub‐stencil to the smooth stencil. In addition, we present the WENO‐MD scheme, which is a further development of the WENO‐MZ scheme that incorporates a modifier function. The WENO‐MD scheme shows improvements over the WENO‐MZ scheme by achieving an improved optimal order at critical points in higher orders and by increasing the proportion of less smooth sub‐stencils. Theoretical and numerical experiments have shown that the newly developed methods have improved shock capture capabilities and resolution compared to WENO‐JS, WENO‐Z, WENO‐M, WENO‐D, and WENO‐AIM, and also lead to significant computational time savings compared to WENO‐M and WENO‐AIM.
The levels of essential nutrients and nonessential metals in different varieties of teff produced in Hidabu Abote Woreda, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Seyoum Moges Kebede , Fayissa Girma Regassa , Geleta Girma Selale 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEthiopia is the world's largest producer of teff (Eragrostis tef Zucc). This research was intended to determine the levels of mineral nutrients (metals and nonmetals) and nonessential metals in the grains of teff. Following the optimization of the method, the samples were wet‐digested using reagents (5‐mL HNO3 and 1‐mL HClO4) at a temperature of 230°C for two and a half hours and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry. Under the optimum procedure, the coefficients of determination (R2) ranged between .9980 and .9999. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.036–14.49 and 0.111–43.93 mg/kg, respectively. The recovery ranged from 80.72% to 107.79%, indicating that the method was accurate. The optimized and validated method was applied to quantify the levels of analytes in the teff samples. The overall mean concentrations of the analytes in the three varieties of teff samples were determined (mg/kg) to be in the order P (3890–4853) > K (3040–3784) > Ca (1906–1959) > Mg (1402–1698) > Fe (128–305) > Mn (64–127.8) > Na (50–136.5) > Zn (19.8–27.3) > B (1.8–21.9) > Cu (4.17–6.9) > Ni (2.6–4.05) > Hg (1.8–4.0) > Pb (0.048–3.7) > Cd (0.012–2.09) > As (0.02–0.24), with a % RSD ranging between 0.017 and 11.1. The results revealed that teff grains are a good source of minerals and contain a significant amount of toxic elements, such as Cd, Hg, Pb, and As.
Establishment of an in situ model to explore the tumor immune microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lu Congxian , Yang Yuteng , Zhang Mingjun , Li Jiaxuan , Song Hao , Zhao Hongfei , Mou Yakui , Li Yumei , Song Xicheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveEstablish an in situ model for investigating HNSCC, focusing on tumor growth, metastasis, and the immune microenvironment.MethodsGenerated a monoclonal SCCVII‐ZsGreen cell line through lentiviral transfection. Selected monoclonal lines with growth rates similar to the original SCCVII for in vivo tumorigenesis. Monitored tumor development and metastasis through fluorescence in vivo imaging. Employed immunohistochemistry to assess immune cell distribution in the tumor microenvironment.ResultsSCCVII‐ZsGreen exhibited comparable proliferation and in vivo tumorigenicity to SCCVII. In situ tumor formation on day 10, with cervical metastasis in C57BL/6 mice by day 16. No significant fluorescence signals in organs like liver and lungs, while SCCVII‐ZsGreen presence confirmed in cervical lymph node metastases. Immunohistochemistry revealed CD4+ T, CD8+ T, B, and dendritic cells distribution, with minimal macrophages.ConclusionOur model is a valuable tool for studying HNSCC occurrence, metastasis, and immune microenvironment. It allows dynamic observation of tumor development, aids preclinical drug experiments, and facilitates exploration of the tumor immune contexture.
Effectiveness of onabotulinumtoxin A for refractory overactive bladder with cough‐associated detrusor overactivity
Authors: Nakai Chie , Miwa Kosei , Yamaguchi Akane , Takeuchi Yasumichi , Yamaguchi Masami , Kitagawa Yasuhide , Koie Takuya 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionWe report a case of refractory overactive bladder with cough‐associated detrusor overactivity treated by onabotulinumtoxin A.Case presentationA 79‐year‐old woman who underwent mid‐urethral sling surgery 8 years ago complained mainly of urinary incontinence following abdominal pressure. Various medicines to treat overactive bladder symptoms were ineffective. Cystometry revealed cough‐associated detrusor overactivity. Onabotulinumtoxin A injections in her bladder improved subjective symptoms, and cough‐associated detrusor overactivity disappeared on cystometry.ConclusionsOnabotulinumtoxin A injection effectively resolved refractory overactive bladder with urgency urinary incontinence due to cough‐associated detrusor overactivity.
Deriving relations at multiple levels of complexity following minimal instruction: A demonstration
Authors: Paranczak Jessica L. , Lambert Joseph M. , Ledford Jennifer R. , Copeland Bailey A. , Macdonald M. Janey 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecommendations for achieving generalized instructional outcomes often overlook the capacity for generative learning for most verbally competent humans. Four children (ages 5–8) participated in this project. In Study 1, we provided decontextualized discrete trial teaching to establish arbitrary relations between colors, pictures of characters, and researcher motor actions. All participants engaged in derivative responding, providing evidence of relational framing. Subsequently, we demonstrated that, with no additional instruction, these derivatives contributed to effective action within a socially valid context (i.e., Candyland gameplay). Study 2 extended the demonstration by teaching frames of opposition. Following teaching, all participants engaged in novel and contextually appropriate responding that entailed the derivation of both coordination and opposition between untrained stimuli. This outcome demonstrates how teaching simple relations can result in learning that manifests at higher levels of complexity (i.e., relational networking), providing some evidence that there can be socially valid benefits to decontextualized discrete trial instruction.
Conceptual methods for synthesis of reactive distillation processes: recent developments and perspectives
Authors: Kiss Anton A , Muthia Rahma , Pazmiño‐Mayorga Isabel , Harmsen Jan , Jobson Megan , Gao Xin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractReactive distillation (RD) is a process intensification technique that offers major advantages over conventional technologies by enabling the integration of reaction and separation into a single apparatus. This integration introduces and exploits complex interaction between mass transfer, chemical reaction and hydrodynamics within an RD column; however, these complexities can hinder the adoption of RD by industry. Many approaches have been developed by the scientific community to advance understanding and to expedite the initialization of RD design at the conceptual level. This paper critically discusses recent developments in conceptual methods for synthesizing RD processes. This review paper is the first to consider the range of available approaches for assessing the technical feasibility, controllability, economic viability, and sustainability of RD units by taking into account various configurations in which RD is treated as a new unit operation, and as part of process synthesis in a different way of designing processes based on functions. The review also addresses complex configurations, such as advanced RD technologies. Special attention is paid to process modeling and simulation as well as to education. Knowledge gaps to be filled by further research are indicated. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Differential leg and trunk operation during skipping without and with hurdles in bipedal Japanese macaque
Authors: Blickhan Reinhard , Andrada Emanuel , Hirasaki Eishi , Ogihara Naomichi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhen locomoting bipedally at higher speeds, macaques preferred unilateral skipping (galloping). The same skipping pattern was maintained while hurdling across two low obstacles at the distance of a stride within our experimental track. The present study investigated leg and trunk joint rotations and leg joint moments, with the aim of clarifying the differential leg and trunk operation during skipping in bipedal macaques. Especially at the hip, the range of joint rotation and extension at lift off was larger in the leading than in the trailing leg. The flexing knee absorbed energy and the extending ankle generated work during each step. The trunk showed only minor deviations from symmetry. Hurdling amplified the differences and notably resulted in a quasi‐elastic use of the leading knee and in an asymmetric operation of the trunk.
Sharp lower bounds for the number of maximum matchings in bipartite multigraphs
Authors: Kostochka Alexandr V. , West Douglas B. , Xiang Zimu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study the minimum number of maximum matchings in a bipartite multigraph with parts and under various conditions, refining the well‐known lower bound due to M. Hall. When , every vertex in has degree at least , and every vertex in has at least distinct neighbors, the minimum is when and is when . When every vertex has at least two neighbors and , the minimum is , where . We also determine the minimum number of maximum matchings in several other situations. We provide a variety of sharpness constructions.
Investigation of CaMV‐host co‐evolution through synonymous codon pattern
Authors: Pouresmaeil Mahin , Azizi‐Dargahlou Shahnam 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) has a double‐stranded DNA genome and is globally distributed. The phylogeny tree of 121 CaMV isolates was categorized into two primary groups, with Iranian isolates showing the greatest genetic variations. Nucleotide A demonstrated the highest percentage (36.95%) in the CaMV genome and the dinucleotide odds ratio analysis revealed that TC dinucleotide (1.34 ≥ 1.23) and CG dinucleotide (0.63 ≤ 0.78) are overrepresented and underrepresented, respectively. Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis confirmed codon usage bias in CaMV and its hosts. Brassica oleracea and Brassica rapa, among the susceptible hosts of CaMV, showed a codon adaptation index (CAI) value above 0.8. Additionally, relative codon deoptimization index (RCDI) results exhibited the highest degree of deoptimization in Raphanus sativus. These findings suggest that the genes of CaMV underwent codon adaptation with its hosts. Among the CaMV open reading frames (ORFs), genes that produce reverse transcriptase and virus coat proteins showed the highest CAI value of 0.83. These genes are crucial for the creation of new virion particles. The results confirm that CaMV co‐evolved with its host to ensure the optimal expression of its genes in the hosts, allowing for easy infection and effective spread. To detect the force behind codon usage bias, an effective number of codons (ENC)‐plot and neutrality plot were conducted. The results indicated that natural selection is the primary factor influencing CaMV codon usage bias.