bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Korea4K: whole genome sequences of 4,157 Koreans with 107 phenotypes derived from extensive health check-ups
Authors: Jeon Sungwon , Choi Hansol , Jeon Yeonsu , Choi Whan-Hyuk , Choi Hyunjoo , An Kyungwhan , Ryu Hyojung , Bhak Jihun , Lee Hyeonjae , Kwon Yoonsung , Ha Sukyeon , Kim Yeo Jin , Blazyte Asta , Kim Changjae , Kim Yeonkyung , Kang Younghui , Woo Yeong Ju , Lee Chanyoung , Seo Jeongwoo , Yoon Changhan , Bolser Dan , Biro Orsolya , Shin Eun-Seok , Kim Byung Chul , Kim Seon-Young , Park Ji-Hwan , Jeon Jongbum , Jung Dooyoung , Lee Semin , Bhak Jong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Phenome-wide association studies (PheWASs) have been conducted on Asian populations, including Koreans, but many were based on chip or exome genotyping data. Such studies have limitations regarding whole genome–wide association analysis, making it crucial to have genome-to-phenome association information with the largest possible whole genome and matched phenome data to conduct further population-genome studies and develop health care services based on population genomics.

Results
Here, we present 4,157 whole genome sequences (Korea4K) coupled with 107 health check-up parameters as the largest genomic resource of the Korean Genome Project. It encompasses most of the variants with allele frequency &gt;0.001 in Koreans, indicating that it sufficiently covered most of the common and rare genetic variants with commonly measured phenotypes for Koreans. Korea4K provides 45,537,252 variants, and half of them were not present in Korea1K (1,094 samples). We also identified 1,356 new genotype–phenotype associations that were not found by the Korea1K dataset. Phenomics analyses further revealed 24 significant genetic correlations, 14 pleiotropic associations, and 127 causal relationships based on Mendelian randomization among 37 traits. In addition, the Korea4K imputation reference panel, the largest Korean variants reference to date, showed a superior imputation performance to Korea1K across all allele frequency categories.

Conclusions
Collectively, Korea4K provides not only the largest Korean genome data but also corresponding health check-up parameters and novel genome–phenome associations. The large-scale pathological whole genome–wide omics data will become a powerful set for genome–phenome level association studies to discover causal markers for the prediction and diagnosis of health conditions in future studies.
Patient safety culture in African health facilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Muhammed Oumer Sada , Fenta Teferi Gedif 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The risk of a patient being harmed in a hospital is high in low- and middle-income countries, with the risk of healthcare-associated infection being up to 20 times higher than in developed countries. The purpose of this review was to assess the current patient safety culture (PSC) and provide insight into areas of strength and areas for improvement in terms of PSC.

Method
English-language articles were selected by consulting PubMed databases, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar data sources from 2012 to 2022. Medcalc software was used for all calculations. The random-effects model was used. The presence of heterogeneity and publication bias was assessed.

Result
The systematic review and meta-analysis result showed that the overall pooled result of PSC status was 51.6% with 95% confidence interval (43.364 to 59.773). The results of Cochran’s Q test and I2 statistics showed substantial heterogeneity among the included studies (Q = 119.1617, df = 16, P &lt; 0.0001 and I2 = 86.57%), and thus random-effects model was used for meta-analysis.
Non-punitive response to errors and staffing were the dimensions with the lowest positive response rate, whereas teamwork within units and supervisor expectation were the areas with good positive response rate.

Conclusion
The studies indicated a predominance of hospital organizational cultures that were immature or weak in terms of patient safety. For them to be effective, safety culture evaluation should be linked to hospital-wide safety culture development strategies.
Changes in stillbirths and child and youth mortality in 2020 and 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Acosta Enrique , Hug Lucia , Cruz-Castanheira Helena , Sharrow David , Monteiro da Silva José Henrique , You Danzhen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has been extensively studied for its impact on mortality, particularly in older age groups. However, the pandemic effects on stillbirths and mortality rates in neonates, infants, children and youth remain poorly understood. This study comprehensively analyses the pandemic influence on young mortality and stillbirths across 112 countries and territories in 2020 and 104 in 2021.

Methods
Using data from civil registers and vital statistics systems (CRVS) and the Health Management Information System (HMIS), we estimate expected mortality levels in a non-pandemic setting and relative mortality changes (p-scores) through generalized linear models. The analysis focuses on the distribution of country-specific mortality changes and the proportion of countries experiencing deficits, no changes and excess mortality in each age group.

Results
Results show that stillbirths and under-25 mortality were as expected in most countries during 2020 and 2021. However, among countries with changes, more experienced deficits than excess mortality, except for stillbirths, neonates and those aged 10–24 in 2021, where, despite the predominance of no changes, excess mortality prevailed. Notably, a fifth of examined countries saw increases in stillbirths and a quarter in young adult mortality (20–24) in 2021. Our findings are highly consistent between females and males and similar across income levels.

Conclusion
Despite global disruptions to essential services, stillbirths and youth mortality were as expected in most observed countries, challenging initial hypotheses. However, the study suggests the possibility of delayed adverse effects that require more time to manifest at the population level. Understanding the lasting impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic requires ongoing, long-term monitoring of health and deaths among children and youth, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries.
In the Eyes of the Beholders: The Legitimacy of Global Governance Institutions under Multipolarity
Authors: Chu Sinan , Holbig Heike , Narlikar Amrita , Plagemann Johannes 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Multipolarity has ambiguous implications for the legitimacy of global governance institutions (GGIs). Rising powers’ capacity to contest established powers’ agendas prima facie increases the GGIs’ legitimacy by reducing power asymmetries between the North and South. However, according to some, the rise of new powers has contributed to the GGIs’ poor performance and inadequate representativeness. We investigate how global publics evaluate the legitimacy of two GGIs—the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Group of Twenty (G20)—and multipolarity’s role in those evaluations. Drawing on an original dataset of 3,584 newspaper articles sampled from rising and established powers, mid-ranking developing, and least developed countries between 2008 and 2019, our qualitative content analysis found an intensification of legitimacy deficits over time. Regularly accredited to a new global power configuration, the inability to find consensus severely harmed both institutions’ legitimacy. We also see the resilience of GGIs’ legitimacy in the face of gridlocks and institutional fragmentation. Replacing inclusive multilateral agreements with bilateral or inter-regional ones was widely seen as an undesired outcome of major power tensions. Finally, our data revealed a deep-seated mistrust of great power politics and nostalgia for meaningful multilateral institutions as a potential antidote.
Constructing synthetic datasets with generative artificial intelligence to train large language models to classify acute renal failure from clinical notes
Authors: Litake Onkar , Park Brian H , Tully Jeffrey L , Gabriel Rodney A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To compare performances of a classifier that leverages language models when trained on synthetic versus authentic clinical notes.

Materials and Methods
A classifier using language models was developed to identify acute renal failure. Four types of training data were compared: (1) notes from MIMIC-III; and (2, 3, and 4) synthetic notes generated by ChatGPT of varied text lengths of 15 (GPT-15 sentences), 30 (GPT-30 sentences), and 45 (GPT-45 sentences) sentences, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was calculated from a test set from MIMIC-III.

Results
With RoBERTa, the AUCs were 0.84, 0.80, 0.84, and 0.76 for the MIMIC-III, GPT-15, GPT-30- and GPT-45 sentences training sets, respectively.

Discussion
Training language models to detect acute renal failure from clinical notes resulted in similar performances when using synthetic versus authentic training data.

Conclusion
The use of training data derived from protected health information may not be needed.
Mitigating local bias in equity crowdfunding: a financial ecology perspective
Authors: Cai Wanxiang , Polzin Friedemann , Stam Erik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study analyses the relationship between geographic space, social networks, and financial knowledge in interregional equity crowdfunding flows based on the concept of financial ecology. Using data from a leading Dutch equity crowdfunding platform, we find that interregional crowdfunding investment decreases with geographic distance. Furthermore, the negative effect of distance is weaker if interregional social networks are strong and if the investor region has a high concentration of the financial industry. The results extend the conceptual foundation of financial ecology by explaining how individual behaviors affect the macro-level output of a financial ecology.
BCL2A1 neoepitope–elicited cytotoxic T lymphocytes are a promising individualized immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lin Shengzhe , Hong Jingwen , Wu Suxin , Zhu Chenlu , Liu Fang , Lin Wansong , Cai Xinran , Ye Yunbin , Chen Yanling 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Conventional treatments have shown a limited efficacy for pancreatic cancer, and immunotherapy is an emerging option for treatment of this highly fatal malignancy. Neoantigen is critical to improving the efficacy of tumor-specific immunotherapy. The cancer and peripheral blood specimens from an HLA-A0201–positive pancreatic cancer patient were subjected to next-generation sequencing, and bioinformatics analyses were performed to screen high-affinity and highly stable neoepitopes. The activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with mutBCL2A111–20 neoepitope targeting a BCL2A1 mutant epitope was investigated, and the cytotoxicity of mutBCL2A111–20 neoepitope–specific CTLs to pancreatic cancer cells was evaluated. The mutBCL2A111–20 neoepitope was found to present a high immunogenicity and induce CTLs activation and proliferation, and these CTLs were cytotoxic to mutBCL2A111–20 neoepitope–loaded T2 cells and pancreatic cancer PANC-1-Neo and A2-BxPC-3-Neo cells that overexpressed mutBCL2A111–20 neoepitopes, appearing to be a targeting neoepitope specificity. In addition, high BCL2A1 expression correlated with a low 5-yr progression-free interval among pancreatic cancer patients. Our findings provide experimental supports to individualized T cell therapy targeting mutBCL2A111–20 neoepitopes, and provide an option of immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer.
Subchronic toxicity study of indium-tin oxide nanoparticles following intratracheal administration into the lungs of rats
Authors: Matsumura Nagisa , Tanaka Yu-ki , Ogra Yasumitsu , Koga Kazunori , Shiratani Masaharu , Nagano Kasuke , Tanaka Akiyo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
We aimed to analyze the subchronic toxicity and tissue distribution of indium after the intratracheal administration of indium-tin oxide nanoparticles (ITO NPs) to the lungs of rats.

Methods:
Male Wistar rats were administered a single intratracheal dose of 10 or 20 mg In/kg body weight (BW) of ITO NPs. The control rats received only an intratracheal dose of distilled water. A subset of rats was periodically euthanized throughout the study from 1 to 20 weeks after administration. Indium concentrations in the serum, lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes, kidneys, liver, and spleen as well as pathological changes in the lungs and kidneys were determined. Additionally, the distribution of ionic indium and indium NPs in the kidneys was analyzed using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Results:
Indium concentrations in the lungs of the 2 ITO NP groups gradually decreased over the 20-week observation period. Conversely, the indium concentrations in the mediastinal lymph nodes of the 2 ITO groups increased and were several hundred times higher than those in the kidneys, spleen, and liver. Pulmonary and renal toxicities were observed histopathologically in both the ITO groups. Both indium NPs and ionic indium were detected in the kidneys, and their distributions were similar to the strong indium signals detected at the sites of inflammatory cell infiltration and tubular epithelial cells.

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate that intratracheal administration of 10 or 20 mg In/kg BW of ITO NPs in male rats produces pulmonary and renal toxicities.
Migrants’ perspectives on environmental change and translocal practices in Morocco, Senegal, and the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Lietaer Samuel , Van Praag Lore , Hut Elodie , Michellier Caroline 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This qualitative study takes a translocal perspective by considering migrants’ views on environmental change, migration decisions and translocal practices in favour of environmental adaptation. This article addresses the following question: To what extent do migrants’ perceptions of environmental change in their region of origin influence their translocal practices in favour of adaptation to socio-environmental change? Our data show that while environmental change may not be the primary reason that people migrate, nor do they perceive it as such, their translocal practices may have very concrete impacts in environmentally fragile areas, especially with respect to non-migrants in the place of origin. Most practices (e.g. family economic remittances) are spontaneous and unintentionally adaptive to environmental change. In contrast, collective projects initiated through hometown associations, especially in Senegal and Morocco, often have a more intentional and proactive character, resulting in translocal adaptive socio-environmental dynamics.
Hemoadsorption: consensus report of the 30th Acute Disease Quality Initiative workgroup
Authors: Bellomo Rinaldo , Ankawi Ghada , Bagshaw Sean M , Baldwin Ian , Basu Rajit , Bottari Gabriella , Cantaluppi Vincenzo , Clark William , De Rosa Silvia , Forni Lui G , Fuhrman Dana , Goldstein Stuart , Gomez Hernando , Husain-Syed Faeq , Joannidis Michael , Kashani Kianoush , Lorenzin Anna , Mehta Ravindra , Murray Patrick T , Murugan Ragi , Ostermann Marlies , Pannu Neesh , Premuzic Vedran , Prowle John , Reis Thiago , Rimmelé Thomas , Ronco Claudio , Rosner Mitch , Schneider Antoine , See Emily , Soranno Danielle , Villa Gianluca , Whaley-Connell Adam , Zarbock Alexander 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Adsorption-based extracorporeal therapies have been subject to technical developments and clinical application for close to five decades. More recently, new technological developments in membrane and sorbent manipulation have made it possible to deliver more biocompatible extracorporeal adsorption therapies to patients with a variety of conditions. There are several key rationales based on physicochemical principles and clinical considerations that justify the application and investigation of such therapies as evidenced by multiple ex vivo, experimental and clinical observations. Accordingly, unspecific adsorptive extracorporeal therapies have now been applied to the treatment of a wide array of conditions from poisoning to drug overdoses, to inflammatory states and sepsis, and acute or chronic liver and kidney failure. In response to the rapidly expanding knowledge base and increased clinical evidence, we convened an Acute Disease Quality Initiative consensus conference dedicated to such treatment. The data show that hemoadsorption has clinically acceptable short-term biocompatibility and safety, technical feasibility and experimental demonstration of specified target molecule removal. Pilot studies demonstrate potentially beneficial effects on physiology and larger studies of endotoxin-based hemoadsorption have identified possible target phenotypes for larger randomized controlled trials. Moreover, in a variety of endogenous and exogenous intoxications, removal of target molecules has been confirmed in vivo. However, some studies have raised concerns about harm, or failed to deliver benefits. Thus, despite many achievements, modern hemoadsorption remains a novel and experimental intervention with limited data, and a large research agenda.
The college wage premium in the UK: decline and fall?
Authors: Boero Gianna , Nathwani Tej , Naylor Robin , Smith Jeremy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We exploit two longitudinal cohort studies for birth cohorts of 1970 and 1990 to assess the change in the UK college wage premium (CWP) for those aged 25–26 years. After controlling for a rich set of covariates, we find evidence of a decline in the average CWP from 18 per cent to 8 per cent. The extent of the fall is common to men and women; hence, it is not driven by changes in sex composition over this time period. Our results contrast with previous findings of relative stability in the CWP over time. In a complementary analysis, we exploit Labour Force Survey (LFS) data from 1995 to 2019 to explore the timing of the fall in the CWP and to assess whether the decline is specific to particular birth cohorts or age ranges of workers.
The interplay of the innovation cycle, build time, lifetime, and deployment rate of new energy technologies: a case study of nuclear fusion energy
Authors: Lopes Cardozo Niek J , Ward Samuel H 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article analyses how a forced transition to low-carbon energy impacts the innovation of new energy technologies. We apply the insights to nuclear fusion, potentially a large provider of carbon-free energy currently attracting billions in private investments. We discuss the ‘fastest-feasible-growth (FFG)’ curve for transitions: exponential growth followed by linear growth, where the rate of latter is limited by the inverse lifetime of the installation. We analyse how innovation is affected if, during rapid deployment, a technology progresses through several generations. We identify key timescales: the learning time, the generation time, the build time, and the exponential growth time of the early deployment phase and compare these for different energy technologies. We distinguish learning rate-limited and generation-time-limited innovation. Applying these findings to fusion energy, we find that a long build time may slow deployment, slow learning, and promote early technology lock-in. Slow learning can be remedied by developing multiple concepts in parallel. Probabilistic analysis of value implies that the optimal strategy is to parallelize the development of many concepts. This concurs with the present surge in private investment in multiple concepts. For this strategy to be successful, the build time of the power plant must be minimized. This requirement favours concepts that lend themselves to modularization and parallelization of production and assembly.
Stranded? The IMF in a world of rising economic nationalism
Authors: Woods Ngaire 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is entering a period of unprecedented challenge. Countries need its assistance to deal with debt distress, the post-Covid development crisis, new threats of financial instability, and the fallout of a decade of unconventional monetary policy. But the IMF faces two challenges of its own. As powerful countries ‘reset’ the rules on which the IMF’s work proceeds, it must build a new paradigm for advising its borrowers. Equally, as those same powerful countries show less willingness to cooperate with each other in international organizations, the IMF must keep them involved and working together within the institution.
Existing wetland conservation programs miss nutrient reduction targets
Authors: Zuidema Shan , Wollheim Wilfred M , Kucharik Christopher J , Lammers Richard B 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Restoring wetlands will reduce nitrogen contamination from excess fertilization but estimates of the efficacy of the strategy vary widely. The intervention is often described as effective for reducing nitrogen export from watersheds to mediate bottom-level hypoxia threatening marine ecosystems. Other research points to the necessity of applying a suite of interventions, including wetland restoration to mitigate meaningful quantities of nitrogen export. Here, we use process-based physical modeling to evaluate the effects of two hypothetical, but plausible large-scale wetland restoration programs intended to reduce nutrient export to the Gulf of Mexico. We show that full adoption of the two programs currently in place can meet as little as 10% to as much as 60% of nutrient reduction targets to reduce the Gulf of Mexico dead zone. These reductions are lower than prior estimates for three reasons. First, net storage of leachate in the subsurface precludes interception and thereby dampens the percent decline in nitrogen export caused by the policy. Unlike previous studies, we first constrained riverine fluxes to match observed fluxes throughout the basin. Second, the locations of many restorable lands are geographically disconnected from heavily fertilized croplands, limiting interception of runoff. Third, daily resolution of the model simulations captured the seasonal and stormflow dynamics that inhibit wetland nutrient removal because peak wetland effectiveness does not coincide with the timing of nutrient inputs. To improve the health of the Gulf of Mexico efforts to eliminate excess nutrient, loading should be implemented beyond the field-margin wetland strategies investigated here.