bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purchasing Wizardry: Concept To Reality
Authors: Harris Kimberley J. 
Published: March 2007

Purchasing in the hospitality industry as well as in other major industries will be experiencing a high-tech mode of purchasing due to the use of interactive video. Products available to purchasing agents from distributors can be seen from a computermonitorby transmissions sent through modems that will display the entire line of products in high-resolution, television-qualityvideo. The customer selects the product, grade, form, and packaging style by touching the touch-sensitive screen or use of another interactive device (lightpen, laser gun, keypad, etc.). Buyers can receive a complete narrated summary of the products selected including specifications, varieties available, when the products are most readily available, geographic locations where the product can be delivered, customizing options, packaging forms, ordering requirements, and delivery schedules. The video display presents the items in their actual size and forms and also gives suggestions as to how the products can be prepared and served.
Thermal and Other Performance Requirements for Residential Buildings in Hot Climates
Authors: Givoni B. , Hoffman Milo E. 
Published: March 2007

Comfort requirements in summer in residential buildings are discussed together with the way they can be achieved in order to improve indoor thermal conditions by appropriate building design. The proper use of insulation on heat capacity properties and the use of light external colors are very important in order to eliminate or to min imize the use of air conditioning. The proper use of insulation properties can reduce very much the needs of heating in winter. Moisture problems are also discussed, with relation to problems of con densation and water penetration. Partial results of research in progress are presented.
Experimental Investigation of Multilayer Insulation With Room Temperature Outside and Liquid Helium Temperature Inside
Authors: Inai N. 
Published: March 2007

Experiments on multilayer insulation were conducted with the conditions of room temperature outside and liquid helium temperature (4.2K) inside. By varying the total number of radiation shields, heat trans fer rate and transverse layer-by-layer temperature distribution were measured. Experimental data with liquid nitrogen (77K) were also ob tained and the difference in heat transfer rate between from room tempera ture to liquid helium temperature and from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature was demonstrated. Prior to the experiment, preliminary consideration was made as to the determination of each radiation shield temperature in multi-shield system. A single parameter A, which represents the conductive to radiative heat transfer ratio, was introduced, and it is shown that in the case of constant emissivity, the temperature distribution may be computed with the simple method introduced in this investigation. From the temperature distribution thus obtained, it is possible to calculate the total heat transfer rate and the radiative to total heat transfer ratio at each radiation shield with various boundary temperature conditions and the number of radiation shields.
Thermal Insulation Corrosion Problems in the Petrocheniical Industry
Authors: Nelson E.R. 
Published: March 2007

This paper discusses corrosion problems in the Petrochemical Industry associated with the use of Thermal Insulation. Actual case his tories are presented which illustrate the difficulties in avoiding corrosion when insulating outdoor equipment such as towers, drums and piping. The serious consequences to critical equipment resulting from inatten tion to minor design and construction techniques are illustrated in the case of towers. Practical corrective and preventive procedures which have been developed as a result are described. In addition, a method developed to reduce corrosion of outdoor insula ted piping supported from hanger rods is illustrated. Finally, a method used to re-insulate large refrigeration drums operating in the -30°F (-34°C) range while remaining in continuous operation is described.
Some Correlates of Choosing Australian Citizenship
Authors: Wearing Rosemary J. 
Published: March 2007

This paper reports on a 1981 national survey of immigrants' attitudes toward life in Australia and Australian citizenship. The study treated citizenship as a variable consisting of two measures, namely (a) a national group's overall rate of citizenship and (b) the individual's current citizenship status. Results reported here show that the decision to become naturalized is to some extent dependent on years of residence, yet this variable only accounted for 10 percent of the variance. It was also found that Australian citizenship bears little relationship to general satisfaction and identification with the Australian way of life; indeed the results indicate that those who decided to become citizens were more likely than non- citizens to perceive advantages in doing so. It is argued that there are other determinants which are important in determining citizenship status and it is suggested that naturalization is likely to occur at a stage in the immigrant's life when there no longer seems to be a conflict of loyalties between the home country and the new country. 1. This report is based on data gathered in the course of a project entitled 'Citizenship and Cultural Identity' funded by D.I.E.A. The author acknowledges the invaluable assistance of Bob Powell in the analysis of the data.
Social Democracy and Social Justice
Authors: Beilharz Peter 
Published: March 2007

Much discussion of social democracy and social justice is confused by a failure to clarify terms and traditions. A scan of Swedish, German, British and Australian reformist ideologies helps to establish the correlations between these traditions and their corresponding conceptions of social justice. In its most muscular forms, the project of social democracy has a broad horizon, because it ascribes a primary value to citizenship, a position from which the Anglophone tradition can learn in its own pursuit of social justice. Social justice itself ought be recognised as a far more obvious core value for radicals, though it remains strategically significant in the Australian context today.
Two Faces of the ALP in the 1980s
Authors: Ward Ian 
Published: March 2007

During the 1980s Labor has been extraordinarily electorally successful. Yet as the Queensland ALP State Secretary has acknowledged ALP 'membership numbers are virtually static ... and there remains a high degree of alienation and disillu sionment amongst the rank and file' (Courier Mail 1 August 1988). Each of these very different faces of the ALP can be traced to the 1960s and 1970s when the ALP attracted a new middle class clientele. Their growing presence within the party offset declining working class involvement, encouraged reform and gave Labor a far more electorally attractive image. Yet middle-class party members provide it fickle support. In Parkin's (1968) terms they tend to have an expressive rather than instrumental orientation toward politics. With often al truistic motives for joining the ALP they grow readily disillu sioned with the real politik of internal party politics and chafe at surviving party habits and practices which bear the stamp of Labor's working class origins. Despite Whiteley's (1983) finding in the case of the British Labour Party, ALP middle class mem bers show little sign of forgiving Labor governments for failing to act upon party policy.
Some Practical Effects of a Clean Food Campaign
Authors: Lindsay T. 
Published: March 2007

The paper is a factual statement of the practical achievements of a planned clean food campaign. Education by active participation by personnel on a competitive basis at school-feeding centres, detailed publicity of such action at education and health committee levels, the taking of the opportunity to give informal talks at catering premises generally and, at the same time, to demon strate by graphite powder-dusting tests on crockery any deficiencies in the cleansing facilities or technique. A rough classification is made of food handlers and caterers according to their financial and social background. The problem of the ignorant and incorrigible type of trader and of the small business man using adapted premises in a built-up area of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and the new industrial and commercial caterers and their specialized staffs who have succeeded in providing, either voluntarily or compulsorily, very satisfactory canteens, hostels and kitchens incorporating up-to-date equipment and technical aids is discussed. An opinion is expressed of the justifiable place in the clean food campaign of the new agents for cleansing and sterilization. Attention is drawn to the desirability of sanitary officers taking formal interest in public food markets, licensed premises, and cleaner meat production at abattoirs, and to giving special attention to milk bars and gala and similar social events. The co-operation of the food industry is noted to the extent of substantial financial expenditure and the absence of the questioning of the rights of a local authority or its officials to give effect to any recorded aspect of a clean food campaign.
Ultra-Violet Deodorization of Air
Authors: Summer W. 
Published: March 2007

Odours can either be masked or destroyed. Only destruction is really effective. Destruction is achieved by changing the molecular structure of the obnoxious substance, or its vapours, so that now chemical structures are formed which do not contain osmophoric radicals, and thus cannot act as a stimulant of the sense of smell. Oxidation is the most elective means of altering the chemical structure of a substance, and of all oxidants, nascent oxygen and ozone are the most powerful. The physical method of generating nascent oxygen and ozone from the oxygen in the air by irradiating the latter with ultra-violet energy of certain well-defined wave lengths is the only method possessing acceptable technical and economical features.
Slums: Clearance and Improvement
Authors: Freeman G.S. 
Published: March 2007

In seeking a solution to the problem of substandard houses all the facts had to be collected and considered. A higher standard of housing provision was justifiably looked for in old dwellings. These would continue to provide the bulk of accommodation, and, judged by 1939 standard, the quality had tended to deteriorate while, on the other hand, in new dwellings-to which most aspired-it had advanced. It was no longer sufficient to use codes for guidance laid down in 1919. Luxuries of those days were necessities to-day. If it were impracticable to legislate higher standards generally, provisions might be adoptive or apply on appointed dates. Surveys were necessary and the author described how the work could be simplified and yet provide essential information. Surveys should divide substandard houses, which were those below the sixteen-point standard, into two main groups: ( a) Those with oven ten years' life-(i) Capable of reaching the sixteen-point standard, (ii) capable of improvement short of the sixteen-point standard, (iii) those which could be made fit under the Housing Act, 1936, and (iv) useful houses not so capable. Local authorities should be given powers to ensure that houses in each group were dealt with according to their maximum potentialities, and premises should be made to support such action financially. (b) Those with less than ten years' life-To be dealt with by slum clearance in two five- year stages. To avoid premature loss of houses which might retard progress of slum clearance by making demands on rehousing resources, local authorities should be empowered to acquire and repair suitable houses.
Participation in conferences: developing networks for users of learning disabilities services
Authors: McNally S. 
Published: March 2007

This paper will explore the benefits of involving people with learning disabilities in conferences and workshops. It is suggested that people with learning disabilities have relatively few opportunities to meet service users from other parts of the country to share their ideas about services, and how these are or should be developing. A lack of suitable events, finance, and difficulties with support and transport are some of the reasons for this. The benefits for services and professionals, who provide support to clients, are also considered. It is proposed that building a partnership approach may lead to service improvements and enhanced professional practice. Accounts of three recent events for service users are provided: • the British Institute of Learning Disabilities Annual Conference at the University of Wales, Swansea • the East Yorkshire Learning Disability Centre Inaugural Conference • the Self-Advocacy Skills Workshop, Swanwick. Users' views of conference participation are described and it is demonstrated that individual delegates have responded positively to their experiences, expressing in many cases a desire to take part in future events. The potential for user involvement in service evaluation and staff training is explored in the light of some local developments. It is suggested that service users can benefit, as individuals, and that some people may have a desire and the skill to participate in research, and help others learn about self-advocacy and empowerment, finally the paper considers the future for the support of self-advocacy.
Concentric Sub‐micrometer‐Sized Cables Composed of Ni Nanowires and Sub‐micrometer‐Sized Fullerene Tubes
Authors: Tao F. , Liang Y. , Yin G. , Xu D. , Jiang Z. , Li H. , Han M. , Song Y. , Xie Z. , Xue Z. , Zhu J. , Xu Z. , Zheng L. , Wei X. , Ni Y. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHighly ordered arrays of submicrometer‐sized coaxial cables composed of submicrometer‐sized C60 and C70 tubes filled with Ni nanowires are successfully prepared by combining a sol–gel method with an electrodeposition process. The wall thickness of the submicrometer‐sized tubes can be adjusted by the concentration of fullerenes and the immersion time. The thermal stability of the submicrometer‐sized C60 tubes is studied by Raman spectroscopy and it is found that these structures can be easily decomposed to form carbon nanotubes at relatively low temperatures (above 573 K) in an alumina template. These novel coaxial cable structures have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution TEM (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field‐emission SEM (FESEM), Raman spectroscopy, elemental mapping, energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) experiments, and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements. Magnetic measurements show that these submicrometer‐sized cables exhibit enhanced ferromagnetic behavior as compared to bulk nickel. Moreover, submicrometer‐sized C70/Ni cables show uniaxial magnetic anisotropy with the easy magnetic axis being parallel to the long axis of the Ni nanowires. C70/Ni cables also exhibit a new magnetic transition at ca. 10 K in the magnetization–temperature (M–T) curve, which is not observed for the analogous C60/Ni structures. The origin of this transition is not yet clear, but might be related to interactions between the Ni nanowires and C70 molecules. There is no preferred magnetization axis in submicrometer‐sized C60/Ni cables, which implies that the Ni nanocrystals have different packing modes in the two composites. These different crystalline packing modes lead to different magnetic anisotropy in the two composites, although the Ni nanocrystals have the same face‐centered cubic (fcc) structure in both cases.
Solid‐State Pyrolysis of Polyphenylene–Metal Complexes: A Facile Approach Toward Carbon Nanoparticles
Authors: El Hamaoui B. , Zhi L. , Wu J. , Li J. , Lucas N. T. , Tomović Ž. , Kolb U. , Müllen K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNovel polyphenylene–metal complexes with discotic, linear, and dendritic geometries are synthesized by using a facile approach consisting of reactions between Co2(CO)8 and ethynyl functionalities in dichloromethane. Various carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), including graphitic carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphitic carbon rods, and carbon–metal hybrid particles are obtained from the solid‐state pyrolysis of these complexes. The ultimate structures of the CNPs are found to be dependant on the structure and composition of the starting compounds. Precursors containing graphenes always result in graphitic CNTs in high yield, whereas dendritic precursors give rodlike carbon materials. Alternatively, linear oligo(arylethylene) precursors afford mostly carbon–metal hybrids with large amounts of amorphous carbon. Furthermore, the CNP structures could be controlled by adjusting the carbon/metal ratio, the type and position of the metal incorporated into the precursor, and the mode of pyrolysis. These results provide further chances toward understanding the mechanism of CNP formation.
Sulfonation of (glycidyl methacrylate) chains grafted onto nonwoven polypropylene fabric
Authors: Bondar Yuliya V. , Kim Hong Je , Lim Yong Jin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSulfonation of polyglycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) chains grafted onto nonwoven polypropylene fabric is investigated in detail. Sulfonation reaction consists in implantation of sulfonate groups via epoxy ring‐opening of PGMA chains grafted onto nonwoven polypropylene fabric by reaction between the GMA‐grafted sample and sodium hydrogensulfite in water–dimethylformamide solution. On the basis of analyses of IR spectra of the appropriate samples and data of backward titration, two simultaneous processes are demonstrated to take place during the sulfonation reaction. These processes are the implantation of sulfonate groups via opening of the GMA epoxy rings and hydrolysis of the GMA epoxy rings with α‐glycol groups formation. The main peculiarities of the sulfonation reaction in depending on the GMA grafting degree are reported. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
A novel type of Si‐containing acrylic resins: Synthesis, characterization, and film properties
Authors: Küçükoğlu E. , Acar I. , İyim T. B. , Özgümüş S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA novel type of Si‐containing acrylic resins was prepared by two steps and investigated their usage as surface coatings materials. At first a reactive polysiloxane intermediate Z‐6018 was reacted with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in toluene at 110°C under N2 atmosphere. After the condensation reaction was stopped, reacted with different acrylic ester monomers such as ethyl acrylate (EA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) at different mole ratio (1/3 and 1/4) by the free radical addition polymerization. Structures of Si‐containing acrylic resins were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) and thermal properties of these resins were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry DSC techniques. Surface coating properties of the films prepared from these resin were also determined. The results showed that all films are flexible, glossy or semi gloss and have excellent drying and adhesion properties. All films also exhibit abrasion resistances moderately. Water resistance of the films was generally modified by cured in oven and alkaline resistance of the films prepared from resins containing ethyl acrylate units are excellent. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Influence of an ethylene‐octene copolymer and of pollutants in PP/EPR blends
Authors: Mnif Nizar , Massardier‐Nageotte Valérie , Jaziri Mohamed 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe objective of this work was to study the effectiveness of commercial compatibilizers (E‐EA‐MAH copolymer) on the morphology of blends of polypropylene/ethylene polypropylene rubber (PP/EPR) (78/22) and metallocenic ethylene‐octene copolymer (EOC) polluted by (poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and by an oil for engine. Blends of various compositions (with and without compatibilizer or pollutant), were prepared using a corotating twin‐screw extruder. In both cases, the analyses of blend morphologies highlighted the poor adherence between the two phases in the uncompatibilized blends. Compatibilized polluted blends display better adherence between phases. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry show that the compatibilizer improves the adhesion between both phases and enables stress transfer at the interface. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
New thermosets obtained by cationic copolymerization of DGEBA with γ‐caprolactone with improvement in the shrinkage. II. Time–temperature–transformation (TTT) cure diagram
Authors: González Servando , Fernández‐Francos Xavier , Maria Salla Josep , Serra Angels , Mantecón Ana , Ramis Xavier 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMixtures of diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with different proportions of γ‐caprolactone (γ‐CL) were cured with ytterbium triflate as initiator. The curing was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo mechanical analysis (TMA). The results are presented in the form of a time–temperature–transformation diagram. The kinetic analysis was performed by means of the isoconversional integral procedure and the kinetic model was also determined using the Coats–Redfern method. Gelation was determined by means of combined experiences of DSC and TMA. The relationship between the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the degree of conversion α was determined by DSC. Using the isoconversional lines and the Tg‐α relationship, the vitrificacion curve was obtained. The methodology developed makes it possible to obtain the TTT diagram using only no‐isothermal experiments with equivalent results to those using classical isothermal procedures. The addition of γ‐CL accelerates the curing and reduces the shrinkage after gelation and consequently the internal stresses in the material. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Solvothermal preparation and characterization of maleic anhydride grafting high density polyethylene copolymer
Authors: Shen Yanhan , Qi Rongrong , Liu Qiaochu , Zhou Chixing 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this article, the grafting copolymerization of maleic anhydride (MAH) onto high density polyethylene (HDPE) was carried out through solvothermal process. Infrared spectra (IR) revealed that MAH had been successfully grafted onto the HDPE backbone. The influences of the reaction parameters on the grafting copolymerization, e.g., the concentration of the initiator, MAH and HDPE content, reaction time, reaction temperature, comonomer, and different solvents were also studied. Further studies found that MAH could be grafted onto HDPE in both good solvents and poor solvents, which was much different from the traditional solution grafting method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007