bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analytical model for reverse data channel scheduling techniques in cdma2000 1xEV‐DO
Authors: Basyouni Ayda , Agarwal Anjali , Elhakeem Ahmed 
Published: July 2008

AbstractEfficient utilization of bandwidth and high data rates have a great impact on the performance of wireless networks. The cdma2000 1xEV‐DO standard provides high‐speed wireless data services to mobile subscribers based on CDMA technology. In this paper, we study the bandwidth utilization for the 1xEV‐DO packet mode standard. In particular, we develop an analytical model for lowest‐rate‐first, highest‐rate‐first priority scheduling techniques, and two round‐robin fair scheduling techniques over the reverse data channel in cdma2000 1xEV‐DO. For these four scheduling techniques, the distribution of the mobile stations (MSs) among the possible data rates is modeled as a Markov process. An analytical expression for the steady state system throughput is derived from the steady state distribution of the above Markov process. The developed model is validated through simulations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PAS: probability and sub‐optimal distance‐based lifetime prolonging strategy for underwater acoustic sensor networks
Authors: Dou Jinfeng , Zhang Guangxu , Guo Zhongwen , Cao Jiabao 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLifetime prolonging is one of the most significant issues in the research on underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). Unbalanced energy consumption influences greatly the network lifetime. First this study discusses a probability‐based energy balance (PEB) scheme. The sensor nodes report the data to the sink by single‐hop direct transmission (DT) or by multi‐hop transmission (MT) under the probabilities. A centralized probabilities finding algorithm (PFA) can find a set of transmission probabilities to better balance the energy consumption. Then, a sub‐optimal distance (SOD)‐based data transmission scheme is proposed which is a distributed scheme and operates on each sensor node. It optimizes the slice width and selects the relays near the optimum transmission range. Simulations show that the two schemes can save more energy and prolong the network lifetime efficiently. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Target tracking based on a distributed particle filter in underwater sensor networks
Authors: Huang Yan , Liang Wei , Yu Hai‐bin , Xiao Yang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this paper, based on a distributed particle filter, two tracking algorithms are proposed for tracking mobile targets in cluster‐based underwater sensor networks (USNs). Both tracking algorithms run local particle filter sequentially at each cluster along target trajectories, but they adopt different methods of selecting measurements from sensor nodes to balance the information contribution against the cost. Performance metrics are proposed and discussed in terms of tracking performance, communication cost, energy cost, and tracking response time. Simulations are conducted to quantitatively compare the proposed algorithms as well as another tracking algorithm based on extended Kalman filter (EKF). Our results indicate that one tracking algorithm achieves higher tracking accuracy while the other achieves dramatic reduction of communication cost, energy cost, and tracking response time. Furthermore, performance of two tracking algorithms has been studied in terms of detection threshold and sensor density. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient clusterhead rotationviadomatic partition in self‐organizing sensor networks
Authors: Misra Rajiv , Mandal Chittaranjan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNodes in wireless sensor networks (WSN) are deployed in an unattended environment with non re‐chargeable batteries. Thus, energy efficiency becomes a major design goals in WSNs. Clustering becomes an effective technique for optimization energy in various applications like data gathering. Although aggregation aware clustering addresses lifetime and scalability goals, but suffers from excessive energy overhead at clusterhead nodes. Load balancing in existing clustering schemes often use rotation of clusterhead roles among all nodes in order to prevent any single node from complete energy exhaustion. We considered important aspects of energy and time overhead in rotation of the clusterhead roles in various node clustering algorithms with goals to further prolong the network lifetime by minimizing the energy overheads in rotation setup. The problem of clusterhead rotation is abstracted as the graph‐theoretic problem of domatic partitioning, which is also NP‐complete. The dense deployment and unattended nature rules out the possibility of manual or external control in existing domatic partition (DP) techniques to be used for WSNs. To our knowledge, no self‐organizing technique exists for domatic partitioning. We developed a distributed self‐organizing one‐domatic partitioning scheme with approximation factor of at least 1/16 for unit‐disk‐graphs (UDGs). In this work, we demonstrate that the benefits of self‐organization is achieved without sacrificing the quality of domatic partitioning. We demonstrated through simulations that our self‐organizing DP without sacrificing on the size of DP achieves self‐organization capability which is able to reduce time and energy overheads of clusterhead rotation resulting to an improved network lifetime compared to the existing clustering protocols for sensor networks. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Marine yeasts—a review
Authors: Kutty Sreedevi N. , Philip Rosamma 
Published: July 2008

AbstractYeasts are ubiquitous in their distribution and populations mainly depend on the type and concentration of organic materials. The distribution of species, as well as their numbers and metabolic characteristics were found to be governed by existing environmental conditions. Marine yeasts were first discovered from the Atlantic Ocean and following this discovery, yeasts were isolated from different sources, viz. seawater, marine deposits, seaweeds, fish, marine mammals and sea birds. Near‐shore environments are usually inhabited by tens to thousands of cells per litre of water, whereas low organic surface to deep‐sea oceanic regions contain 10 or fewer cells/litre. Aerobic forms are found more in clean waters and fermentative forms in polluted waters. Yeasts are more abundant in silty muds than in sandy sediments. The isolation frequency of yeasts fell as the depth of the sampling site is increased. Major genera isolated in this study were Candida, Cryptococcus, Debaryomyces and Rhodotorula. For biomass estimation ergosterol method was used. Classification and identification of yeasts were performed using different criteria, i.e. morphology, sexual reproduction and physiological/biochemical characteristics. Fatty acid profiling or molecular sequencing of the IGS and ITS regions and 28S gene rDNA ensured accurate identification. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequence requirements for Nα‐terminal acetylation of yeast proteins by NatA
Authors: Perrot Michel , Massoni Aurélie , Boucherie Hélian 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNatA is the major N‐terminal acetyltransferase of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we took advantage of our recent data on N‐terminal acetylation of proteins of the yeast protein map to update the list of proteins with known NatA‐dependent acetylation status. Furthermore, using the information available on the acetylation status of 100 novel proteins, we re‐examined the rules for acetylation by NatA. The results refine our previous knowledge on NatA substrate specificity depending on the N‐terminal and penultimate residues. In particular, we found that the acetylation frequencies of Ser‐, Thr‐ and Ala‐, the three residues most often acetylated by NatA, are higher than previously reported. In addition, comparison of the N‐terminal region of acetylated and non‐acetylated proteins revealed differences in amino acid composition that extend over the 25 first amino acid residues: acetylated proteins are characterized by a higher frequency of glutamate and glutamine and a lower frequency of lysine, arginine and histidine. We suggest that the particularities in amino acid composition of the N‐terminal region of acetylated proteins facilitate its interaction with the Nat1p subunit of NatA and its guidance to the catalytic subunit Ard1p. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of heterochromatin in suppressing subtelomeric recombination in fission yeast
Authors: Bisht Kamlesh Kumar , Arora Sumit , Ahmed Shakil , Singh Jagmohan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTelomere length is regulated by a complex interplay of several factors, including telomerase, telomere‐binding proteins, DNA replication machinery and recombination. In yeast, DNA polymerase α is required for de novo synthesis of telomeres from broken ends of DNA, and it also suppresses the elongation of normal telomeric repeats. Heterochromatin proteins Clr1–Clr4 and Swi6 and DNA polα organize heterochromatin structure at mating type, centromere, rDNA and telomere regions that are refractory to transcription and recombination in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Here, we have addressed the role of heterochromatin structure in regulating the integrity and organization of telomeric regions. Here, we show that subtelomeric duplication and rearrangements occur in polα and heterochromatin mutants and find that some of the putative duplication events are dependent on the Rad50 pathway. Thus, our study shows a role of heterochromatin in maintaining the integrity of the subtelomeric regions by suppressing their recombination in Sz. pombe. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Group similarity transformation of a non‐Newtonian laminar flow past a vertical plate
Authors: Kassem M.M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe heat and mass transfer of a non‐Newtonian fluid past a continuous moving vertical sheet subjected to constant heat flux is analyzed using the group similarity transformation method. The nonlinear coupled partial differential equation governing the flow and the boundary conditions are transformed to a system of ordinary differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions. Two cases for the external flow are analytically obtained during the transformation process. One is new; uw = x/t, while the other corresponds to Falkner–Skan case. For both cases the ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using the shooting method. The effect of Prandtl and Reynolds numbers as well as the fluid flow index n on the velocity and temperature of the boundary‐layer, is investigated. A comparison with previous numerical work is then presented.
Singular limit of FitzHugh‐Nagumo equations on a sphere
Authors: Lou B. , Zhou L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe study FitzHugh‐Nagumo equations in heterogeneous media on a sphere. When the coefficient of the reaction term is much larger than the diffusion coefficient, a sharp interface appears. Using the method of matched asymptotic expansions, we formally show that the motion of such an interface depends on its geodesic curvature.
On crack problem with overlapping domain
Authors: Khludnev A.M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOverlapping domain problem describing an equilibrium state for two elastic bodies with a crack is analyzed. Nonlinear boundary conditions are considered providing a mutual non‐penetration between the crack faces. We prove a solution existence for the problem with suitable boundary conditions imposed at a glue set. The main interest of the paper is the derivative of the energy functional with respect to the crack length. Assuming the rigidity of the second body is increasing to infinity a convergence in the formula for the derivative of energy functionals is established.
Activity budgets and the relationship between feeding and stereotypic behaviors in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in a Zoo
Authors: Rees Paul A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractActivity budgets were studied in eight Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) at Chester Zoo (UK) for 35 days, between January and November 1999. Recordings were made between 10:00 and 16:00 hr (with most behavior frequencies calculated between 10:00 and 14:00 hr). The elephants exhibited variation in activity depending on their age, sex, the time of day and the time of year. Only the five adult cows exhibited stereotypic behavior, with frequencies ranging from 3.9 to 29.4% of all observations. These elephants exhibited individual, diurnal and seasonal variation in stereotypic behavior. This has implications for studies that use short sampling periods and may make comparisons of data collected at different times of the day or year invalid. The six adult elephants spent 27.4–41.4% of the time feeding (between 10:00 and 14:00 hr), 22.9–42.0% standing still, 6.1–19.2% walking and 3.9–9.6% dusting.The hypothesis that the frequency of stereotypic behavior in adult cow elephants was negatively correlated with the frequency of feeding behavior was tested and was found to be true. Stereotypic behavior increased in frequency toward the end of the day—while waiting to return to the elephant house for food—and elephants spent more time stereotyping during the winter months than during the summer months. Elephants were inactive (i.e. exhibited behaviors other than locomotion) for between 70.1 and 93.9% of the time. Creating more opportunities for elephants to exhibit foraging behavior and the introduction of greater unpredictability into management regimes, especially feeding times, may reduce the frequency of stereotypic behavior and increase general activity levels. Zoo Biol 28:79–97, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurological findings in Hunter disease: Pathology and possible therapeutic effects reviewed
Authors: Al Sawaf S. , Mayatepek E. , Hoffmann B. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryHunter disease (mucopolysaccharidosis type II, MPS II) is an X‐linked lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of iduronate‐2‐sulfatase. Accumulation of chondroitin sulfate B and heparan sulfate in various tissues is the biochemical consequence of MPS II. Children with Hunter disease are normal at birth, and symptoms occur between 2 and 10 years of age. Typical symptoms include coarse facies with enlarged tongue and prominent forehead as well as a short, stocky built stature with short neck. The cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems may be affected, and oral, dermatological and psychiatric as well as neurological complications are described. Life expectancy is markedly reduced and may be limited to 12 years for severely affected patients. The most common causes of death are airway obstruction and cardiac failure. The most severe symptoms may result from neurological symptoms or complications including hydrocephalus, spinal cord compression, cervical myelopathy, optic nerve compression, and hearing impairment. Patients may also develop carpal tunnel syndrome, sleep apnoea, seizures or mental retardation. This review describes characteristic neurological manifestations in MPS II and its underlying pathophysiology. In addition, an appraisal is given whether or not enzyme replacement therapy may be able to improve in particular the neurological symptoms of Hunter disease.
Independence of restrictive filling pattern and LV ejection fraction with mortality in heart failure: An individual patient meta‐analysis
Authors:   Meta‐analysis Research Group in Echocardiography (MeRGE) Heart Failure Collaborators
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground:The Doppler echocardiographic restrictive mitral filling pattern (RFP) is an important prognostic indicator in patients with heart failure (HF), but the interaction between RFP, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and filling pattern remains uncertain.Aims:To determine whether the RFP is predictive of mortality independently of LVEF in patients with HF.Methods:Online databases were searched to identify studies assessing the relationship between prognosis and LV filling pattern in patients with HF. Individual patient data from 18 studies (3540 patients) were extracted and collated at the MeRGE Coordinating Centre (The University of Auckland).Results:Overall, RFP was associated with higher all‐cause mortality than the non‐restrictive filling pattern: hazard ratio 2.42 (95% CI 2.06, 2.83). In multivariable analysis the RFP, LVEF, NYHA class and age were independent predictors of mortality. The prevalence of the RFP was inversely related to LVEF but remained a predictor of mortality even in those patients with preserved LVEF.Conclusions:The restrictive mitral filling pattern is a powerful predictor of mortality, independent of LVEF and age, in patients with HF. Doppler‐derived LV filling patterns are an accessible marker from echocardiography that can readily be incorporated in risk stratification of all patients with HF.
Type D personality and depressive symptoms are independent predictors of impaired health status in chronic heart failure☆
Authors: Schiffer Angélique A. , Pedersen Susanne S. , Widdershoven Jos W. , Denollet Johan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective:To examine whether Type D personality exerts a stable, independent effect on health status in CHF over time, adjusted for depressive symptoms.Subjects:CHF outpatients (n=166; 75% men; mean age 66 years) completed the Type D Scale and Beck Depression Inventory (baseline) and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire and Short‐Form Health Survey (baseline and 12 months).Results:There was a general improvement in disease‐specific physical (p=.029) and mental (p<.001) health over time, but Type D patients scored significantly lower on both outcomes (p≤.001). The interaction effects Type D × time were not significant, indicating stability of the personality effect. Type D patients also scored significantly lower on all generic physical (p values between .001 and .04) and mental (all p values <.001) health status subdomains; these effects were also stable over time. Type D was an independent predictor of disease‐specific mental health (p<.001), social functioning (p=.04), role emotional functioning (p<.001), bodily pain (p=.05), and general health (p=.04), adjusted for depressive symptoms, baseline health status and clinical characteristics. Depressive symptom was an independent predictor of role physical functioning and bodily pain.Conclusions:Type D personality and depressive symptoms were independent predictors of impaired health status in CHF.
Phosphorylation of U24 from Human Herpes Virus type 6 (HHV‐6) and its potential role in mimicking myelin basic protein (MBP) in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Tait Andrew R. , Straus Suzana K. 
Published: July 2008

MINT‐6613181:

MAPK (uniprotkb:P28482) phosphorylates (MI:0217) MBP (uniprotkb:P02687) by protein kinase assay (MI:0424)
MINT‐6613171, MINT‐6613190:

MAPK (uniprotkb:P28482) phosphorylates (MI:0217) U24 (uniprotkb:Q69559) by protein kinase assay (MI:0424)
Prion infection of mice transgenic for human APPSwe: increased accumulation of cortical formic acid extractable Aβ(1–42) and rapid scrapie disease development
Authors: Baier Michael , Apelt Jenny , Riemer Constanze , Gültner Sandra , Schwarz Anja , Bamme Theresa , Burwinkel Michael , Schliebs Reinhard 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNeuropathological, epidemiological and experimental data indicate a potential interrelationship between Alzheimer's disease and prion diseases. Proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β‐secretase was recently suggested to be controlled by prion protein expression. Here, we characterized the prion infection of Tg2576 mice, which overexpress the human APPSwe protein. Prion infection of Tg2576‐mice led to an early death of the animals, which was preceded by a relatively short symptomatic stage. However, disease‐associated gliosis and deposition of misfolded prion protein PrPSc were identical in infected Tg2576‐mice and non‐transgenic littermate controls. To analyze the effect of prion infection on APP processing and generation of β‐amyloid we determined cortical levels of SDS‐ and formic acid (FA)‐extractable forms of β‐amyloid (1–40) and (1–42) by ELISA. Formic acid‐extractable Aβ (1–42) levels were 10‐fold higher in infected versus uninfected Tg2576 mice whereas other forms of Aβ were essentially unaffected by the prion infection. Hence, the experimental model demonstrates that a prion infection of the CNS promotes selectively formation of FA‐extractable Aβ(1–42) in Tg2576 mice.
Effects of ethanol on the development of genetically determined epilepsies in rats
Authors: Russo Emilio , Citraro Rita , De Fazio Salvatore , Torcasio Giovanni , De Sarro Giovambattista , Di Paola Eugenio Donato 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn the present study, we provide evidences for a differential effect of perinatal alcohol exposure with a direct correlation to the genetic background on the development of seizures. Ethanol (EtOH) is a widely used psychoactive substance that exerts its action by affecting multiple targets in the central nervous system. EtOH is known to interact with almost all identified neurotransmitters although its effects on excitatory and inhibitory amino acid neurotransmissions are considered to be particularly important in the mediation of its behavioural effects. Prenatal exposure to alcohol is associated with a wide variety of offspring's abnormalities which lead to the so called foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which is also related to a higher susceptibility to convulsions. In our study, a rat strain of convulsive epilepsy, the GEPRs rats, displayed an increase of seizure susceptibility after foetal exposure to this teratogenic drug, while a non‐convulsive rat strain of absence epilepsy, the WAG/Rij rat, did not fully develop its characteristic features. However, when all groups of rat where tested for pentyletetrazole‐induced convulsion, animals perinatally treated with ethanol were less responsive in comparison to their respective controls. These results are in agreement with previous reports showing how the genetic background can directly influence the teratogenic effects of alcohol, and this can be strictly related to the variability in the observation of offspring anomalies in humans which has lead to a 5‐category classification system for individuals exposed to alcohol in uterus.
Discrete analog of the projective equivalence and integrable billiard tables
Authors: POPOV G. , TOPALOV P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA class of discrete dynamical systems called projectively (or geodesically) equivalent Lagrangian systems is defined. We prove that these systems admit families of integrals. In the case of geodesically equivalent billiard tables, these integrals are pairwise commuting. We describe a family of geodesically equivalent billiard tables on surfaces of constant curvature. This is a special case of the so-called ‘Liouville billiard tables’.
X-ray Diffraction: A Practical Approach
Authors: Dorset D.L. 
Published: July 2008

X-ray Diffraction: A Practical Approach, C. Suryanarayana and
M. Grant Norton, 1998. Plenum Press, New York and London. xiii + 273
pages. (hardback, $49.50, U.S. and Canada; $59.40, elsewhere).It is the aim of this text to teach undergraduates majoring in
materials science the use of powder X-ray diffraction for materials
characterization. Since it does not treat X-ray diffraction and
crystallography in a general way, it would have been better if it were
given a more specific title, such as X-Ray Powder Diffraction for
Metallurgical Characterization. A Primer and Workbook. As a laboratory
course with work pages to be filled out by the student, it might have been
spiral-bound to facilitate such use.