bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restriction analysis of the mitochondrial DNA of male‐sterile and maintainer lines of pearl millet, Pennisetum americanum L.
Authors: Munjal S. V. , Narayan R. K. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMitochondrial DNA from two pairs of cytoplasmic male‐sterile (cms) and maintainer lines of pearl millet was investigated by restriction‐enzyme analysis and Southern‐blot hybridization using three mitochondrial gene probes. Each pair of male‐sterile and maintainer lines was of a different nuclear origin. The objective was to distinguish differences in the DNA base‐sequence organization of the mitochondrial genomes of cms and maintainer lines from the two sources. Restriction‐enzyme analysis revealed differences between the different cms and maintainer lines. Southern‐blot hybridization experiments using cloned mitochondrial gene probes further distinguished differences between different lines. It is expected that the restriction‐fragment‐length polymorphisms revealed in the Southern‐blot‐hybridization experiments will be useful in distinguishing and classifying cms and maintainer lines obtained from different nuclear backgrounds.
Genetic variation in tannin‐related characters of faba‐bean seeds (Vicia faba L.) and their relationship to seed‐coat colour
Authors: Duc G. , Brun N. , Merghem R. , Jay M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTannin content and tanning power on haemoglobin were evaluated in a collection of faba‐bean genotypes differing in seed and flower colour. All tannin‐related measurements gave near‐zero values for white‐flowered genotypes; they showed intermediate values in brown and green‐seeded genotypes, brown being lower in tannin values than green. Genetic analysis in the F3 of a half‐diallel design confirmed the strong link between brown and green testa colour and intermediate tanning activities.
Genetic variability in plants regenerated from in vitro culture of sunflower (Helianthus annum L.)
Authors: Barotti S. , Fambrini M. , Pugliesi C. , Lenzi A. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract In vitro regenerated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants (R1) were self‐fertilized and the R2 generation was evaluated for qualitative traits. A broad range of phenotypic variation was observed and mutation frequencies were calculated. Some in vitro induced variant phenotypes were similar to known spontaneous or induced mutations in sunflower, while others were new. Chlorophyll and carotenoid deficiencies, chimaerical variegation, fasciated stem and capitulum, abnormal shoot development, and other morphological variations, were noted. Substitution of anthers with petaloid structures in a disk‐floret mutant indicates a possible homeotic mutation induced by in vitro tissue culture.
Inheritance of resistance to fusarium wilt in chickpea
Authors: Gumber R. K. , Kumar J. , Hanaware M. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis preliminary study indicated that the resistance to race 2 of fusarium wilt is controlled by two genes, the first of which must be present in the homozygous recessive form, and the other in the dominant form, whether homozygous or heterozygous for complete resistance. Early wilting results if the other gene is homozygous recessive. Late wilting occurs if both loci are dominant. The existence of differences among chickpea cultivars in the time taken to express the initial symptoms of fusarium wilt were observed.
Relationship between electrophoretic pattern of storage proteins and gluten strength in durum wheat landraces from Turkey
Authors: Turchetta T. , Ciaffi M. , Porceddu E. , Lafiandra D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA collection of 180 Triticum durum lines from Turkey and 22 Italian cultivars were investigated by electrophoretic techniques and evaluated for grain parameters such as protein content and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)‐sedimentation test. A total of 14 different patterns were observed for high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) glutenin subunits resulting from the combination of three alleles from the A genome and seven from the B genome. Three new allelic variants, one at Glu‐A1 and two at Glu‐B1, were found. Five different alleles were detected at the Glu‐B1 locus. Genotypes with the same allelic variant at Gli‐B1 showed inconsistency of composition in B group of low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) glutenin subunits. A total of 11 different B‐subunit patterns were identified in the material analysed. A substantial proportion (78%) of the variation in gluten properties could be explained in terms of protein composition, with the LMW glutenin subunits making the largest contribution (54%). Results indicate that, in addition to Glu‐B3 encoded proteins, variation at other loci coding for some intermediate and fastest B subunits might also influence rheological properties.
A new cytoplasmic‐nuclear male sterility system in pearl millet
Authors: Rai K. N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAmong the cytoplasmic‐nuclear male sterility (CMS) systems reported in pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., the Am= A4 system produces the highest frequency of male‐sterile hybrids. A CMS source identified in a large‐seeded gene pool (LSGP) was compared with the A4 system. Seven diverse restorer lines of the A4 system produced hybrids with 81A4 that were all fertile (pollen‐shedding score 4 and 68–89% selfed seedset). In contrast, all the hybrids of these inbreds made with the isonuclear line with the LSGP cytoplasm were sterile (pollen‐shedding score 1 and 0–3% selfed seedset). Topcross hybrids of four diverse composites made with 81A4 had 10–35% plants that had good fertility (> 50% selfed seedset). In comparison, no plant of any topcross hybrid with the isonuclear line having LSGP cytoplasm exceeded 20% selfed seedset, and it was rare for a plant to exceed even 10% selfed seedset. These differential fertility restoration patterns of hybrids indicate that the LSGP cytoplasm represents a CMS system that is different from the A4 and, by implication, from all those reported to date. This new CMS system is designated A5.
Isolation of induced mutants in Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata Braun) with low levels of erucic acid
Authors: Velasco L. , Fernández‐Martínez J. , De Haro A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEthiopian mustard (Brassica carinata Braun) is a potential oil crop for the rain‐fed Mediterranean area. However, its usage is limited by the high erucic and high glucosinolate content of the oil and meal, respectively. In the course of a mutagenesis programme, an agronomically good line of Ethiopian mustard was treated with EMS in order to widen the natural variability of nutritional traits in this species. As a result of this programme several low erucic mutants were isolated; two of these mutants showed erucic acid values in the M4 generation in the range 5–10% of total fatty acids. Near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (N1RS) was successfully applied as a rapid screening method for erucic acid in this breeding programme.
Estimating the pleiotropic effect of the jointless‐2 gene on the processing and agronomic traits of tomato by using near‐isogenic lines
Authors: Boiteux L. S. , Giordano L. de B. , Furumoto O. , Aragão F. A. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo near‐isogenic lines of the processing tomato cv. ‘IPA‐5’, pheno‐typically distinct from each other only in terms of the presence or absence of a jointless fruit pedicel, were used to estimate pleiotropic effects of the recessive gene j‐2 on 15 processing and agronomic parameters. Total yield, total yield of mature fruit, total yield of green fruit, total number of fruit, total number of mature fruit, total number of green fruit, mean weight of mature fruit, mean weight of green fruit, mean weight of mature plus green fruit, soluble solids, fruit colour, pH, titratable acidity, sugar: acid ratio, and fruit firmness were compared in jointed (J‐2/J‐2) and jointless pedicel (J‐2/J‐2) lines. Statistically significant differences were detected between both isolines for the following parameters: total number of fruit, total yield, total yield of green fruit, and total number of green fruit. In all cases, smaller values were observed in the isoline with the genetic constitution J‐2/J‐2. These data reinforce the view that they j‐2 gene may cause, in some specific tomato backgrounds, significant yield constraints. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that this gene cannot exert any important pleiotropic influence on any of the processing characteristics evaluated.
Estimation of variance components and heritability of bunch yield and yield components in the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Authors: Okwuagwu C. O. , Tai G. C. C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn an experiment involving 24 single‐cross progenies of oil palm conducted at the Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, 9‐year data of fresh‐fruit yield and its two components, annual bunch number and single‐bunch weight, were recorded. Means of progenies of each of the three traits obtained from 1–9‐year records were used in analyses of variance according to a repeated‐measures design. The results were then used to estimate variance components due to progenies and progeny × year interactions. These estimates were then used to estimate heritability for yield and yield components based on progeny means, which were assumed to be calculated from 1–9 years of harvests. The results revealed that heritability estimates of fresh‐fruit yield and its two yield components were not reliable based on the first‐year harvest data. The single‐bunch weight had a slower rate of improvement than the other two traits when more years were used for the estimation. Heritability can be expected to be over 80% for fresh‐fruit yield and bunch number based on 1‐, 3‐, and 4‐year means, respectively. Six‐year data are required for single‐bunch weight to reach the same heritability measure.
The viability and storage of strawberry pollen
Authors: ŽEbrowska J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInvestigations were carried out in 1990 and 1991 to estimate the pollen viability of five strawberry genotypes and their suitability for storage. Pollen viability was assessed by acetocarmine staining, in vitro germination, and in vivo assays. Pollen was stored in darkness at −18°C for 1 year, and pollen viability was estimated every 4 months during storage.The highest percentage of stained and in vitro germinated pollen grains, respectively, was shown by fresh pollen of cv. ‘Dukat’ (91 and 45%). The lowest values of these characteristics were observed in pollen of cv. ‘Paula’ (48% and 20%, respectively). The best response to storage at −18°C occurred in pollen of the breeding clone ‘B‐302’ and the cv. ‘Redgauntlet’. ‘Paula’ pollen responded least favourably to this. Pollen of the cvs. ‘Dukaf’. ‘Senga Sengana’, and clone ‘B‐302’ after storage for 4 months, still had sufficient capacity for fruit set after cross‐pollinations.
Genetics of adult plant stripe rust resistance in four Australian wheats and the French cultivar ‘Hybride‐de‐Bersée’
Authors: Bariana H. S. , McIntosh R. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractLong‐term resistance to rust diseases depends on the identification and use of durable resistance sources or on the continuing use of new resistances and combinations of genes for specific resistance. These studies include four Australian wheats with intermediate, but inadequate levels of resistance and a French wheat ‘Hybride‐de‐Bersée’ (‘Bersee’), with reputed durable resistance to stripe rust. Studies of F2 and F3 populations from crosses with the susceptible ‘Avocet’ indicated that intermediate levels of adult plant stripe rust resistance in cultivars ‘Harrier’, ‘Flinders’ and ‘M2435’ were inherited monogenically, whereas King possessed two genes for resistance. Cultivars Harrier and M2435 possessed the same gene. Similarly, cvs. King and Flinders carried a gene in common. Like ‘Harrier’ and ‘M2435’, ‘King’ and ‘Flinders’ share common parents. The higher level of resistance in ‘Bersee’ was controlled by four genes. This conclusion was based on conventional genetic analysis, tests on F2‐derived F7 single‐seed descent lines and testcross progenies.
Cell selection as a possible reason for the specificity of somaclonal variation in pea
Authors: Ezhova T. A. , Bagrova A. M. , Gostimski S. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA study of regenerants obtained from long‐term callus cultures of different pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes revealed specificity of in vitro mutagenesis. The specificity was displayed in the preferential generation of the somaclonal variations affecting quantitative and developmental characters. About 60% of regenerated lines obtained from the cultivar Ranny Zeleny carried mutations in the Lf and Sn loci, which control initiation of flowering. An in vitro study of isogenic lines differing at the Lf and Sn loci illustrates the growth advantages of mutant genotypes in tissue culture. These experiments suggest that mutations affecting developmental characters (e.g. mutations in loci which control flowering behaviour) may be expressed in tissue culture and may cause increased adaptation in mutant cells to the in vitro conditions. Rapid propagation of mutant cells during in vitro culture may lead to a higher proportion of quantitative mutations among the regenerated plants.
Inheritance of resistance to Tilletia indica (Mitra) in synthetic hexaploid wheat ×Triticum aestivum crosses
Authors: Villareal R. L. , Fuentes‐Davila G. , Mujeeb‐Kazi A. , Rajaram S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInheritance of resistance to Karnal bunt was investigated in the crosses of four resistant synthetic hexaploid wheats (SH; Triticum turgidum×T. tauschii) and two susceptible T. aestivum cultivars. The resistance was dominant or partly dominant over susceptibility. The SH cultivars Chen/T. tauschii (205) and Chen/T. tauschii (224) have single dominant resistance genes which could be allelic to each other. ‘Altar 84’/T. tauschii (219) appeared to have two dominant genes for resistance. ‘Duergand’T. tauschii (214) possessed two complementary dominant genes for resistance. The work is being extended to involve diverse Karnal bunt‐resistant SH and bread wheat cultivars.
Recurrent selection for downy‐mildew resistance in pearl millet
Authors: Weltzien R. E. , King S. B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractOne population of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) highly susceptible to downy mildew (Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet.) was subjected to two cycles of recurrent selection for downy mildew resistance using a modified greenhouse screening method. The response to selection was evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions using 50 random S1 progenies and 50 random full‐sib progenies from each cycle bulk. Significant progress over cycles of selection was observed in all evaluation trials. These results demonstrated that, in a susceptible population, recurrent selection effectively increased the level of resistance to downy mildew. The modified greenhouse method for assessing resistance to downy mildew effectively differentiated genotypes and had the advantages of greater rapidity and suitability for use throughout the year, independent of season.A rapid decline of genotypic variance was observed in advanced cycles of selection, indicating that a small number of genes controls downy‐mildew resistance in this population. The comparison of genotypic and error variance components from S1 progenies and full‐sib progenies suggested that full‐sib progenies can be used successfully in recurrent selection for increased downy‐mildew resistance.
Analysis of protoplast‐derived plants of Saintpaulia ionantha H. Wendl
Authors: Winkelmann T. , Grunewaldt J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractOf 3272 plants regenerated from protoplasts of 10 Saintpaulia ionantha genotypes, 98.4% survived transfer to the greenhouse. The frequency of regenerants with chlorophyll deficiencies, i.e. variegated leaves or albinos, was low (1.5%). There was a higher number of polyploid, in most cases tetraploid plants, regenerated from protoplasts (16%) which were identified by their altered morphology. Measurements of stomatal length and counting the number of chloroplasts per guard cell also allowed a clear differentiation between diploid and polyploid plants. The classification was confirmed by DNA content determination using flow cytometry.Mechanisms leading to polyploidization included spontaneous protoplast fusion as well as chromosome doubling during callus growth and shoot regeneration. Two genotypes with instabilities in flower colour showed completely altered flower colours in plants regenerated from protoplasts as well as in plants regenerated on leaf explants in vitro.
Somaclonal variation as a source of resistance to eyespot disease of sugarcane
Authors: Leal M. Ramos , Maribona R. H. , Ruiz A. , Korneva S. , Canales E. , Dinkova T. D. , Izquierdo F. , Goto O. , Rizo D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAfter 10 years of evaluation in different locations with high levels of incidence of disease, a group of sugarcane somaclones derived from callus tissues was selected for eyespot resistance. Resistance evaluations of four somaclones were performed under field and laboratory conditions. The results confirmed the superiority of two somaclones, one resistant and one tolerant to eyespot disease. Restriction analysis of mitochondrial DN A revealed that the two somaclones had a different DNA organization which distinguished them both from each other and from the donor plant; the restriction profile was similar however to that of the resistant control done. Restriction patterns of a third somaclone, also resistant, were similar to those of the donor plant. Differences among the somaclones were also evident when using a maize ribosomal DNA probe.
Genetics of resistance to Puccinia recondita in two wheat crosses
Authors: Sudhakar Y. , Joshi A. K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractLeaf rust resistance genes were identified in the common wheat variety ‘HUW 206’ and line HUWL 39 by inoculating their seedlings with 20 pathotypes of diverse avirulence–virulence combinations. The inheritance patterns and allelic relationships were studied by crossing these wheats with ‘Agra Local1 and a set of Thacher’ near‐isogenic lines with genes for resistance. Seedling resistance studies revealed the presence of genes Lr1, Lr10 and Lr26 in ‘HUW 206’ and genes Lr10 and Lr26 in HUWL 39. The presence of genes Lr1 and Lr10 was confirmed indirectly by testing for the linked genes Sr31 and Yr9. An F1 test for progressive necrosis in crosses of the lines with ‘Spica’ revealed the absence of Lr13.
Characterization of Brassica nigra chromosomes and of blackleg resistance in B. napus–B. nigra addition lines
Authors: Chevre A. M. , Eber F. , This P. , Barret P. , Tanguy X. , Brun H. , Delseny M. , Renard M. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Brassica napus‐B. nigra addition lines were previously created using the variety ‘Darmor’ as the oilseed rape genetic background. Two isozyme loci and 46 RAPD markers were added on five different B. nigra chromosomes. The oilseed rape variety used was highly susceptible to blackleg at the cotyledon stage and only the addition of chromosome 4 gave the same level of blackleg resistance as B. nigra. This resistance was efficient whatever the isolates used. A significant effect on the development of stem canker under field conditions was observed only for the line carrying chromosome 4 which was more resistant than the susceptible control. The potential effects of two other chromosomes have to be confirmed. F1 hybrids obtained by crosses between two highly susceptible lines and the monosomic addition line carrying chromosome 4 were examined under field conditions. No effect of the oilseed rape genetic background on the expression of resistance was detected. The introduction of this resistance and mapping of the gene(s) into oilseed rape varieties are discussed.
Induced mutations for reduced tuber glycoalkaloid content in potatoes
Authors: Love S. L. , Baker T. P. , Thompson‐Johns A. , Werner B. K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMutation breeding was used to produce mutants of the potato breeding selection NDA1725‐1 with reduced levels of tuber glycoalkaloids. Excised tuber eye‐pieces were exposed to 35 Gy of gamma rays from a 60Co source. In the M1V1, leaf tissue was screened using high‐performance thin layer chromatography and each plant given a relative score based on a subjective rating of band intensity. Tubers were harvested from all plants that produced leaves with relatively low levels of glycoalkaloids. Tuber glycoalkaloids were quantified in the M1V2 and M1V3 using high‐performance liquid chromatography, and 35% and 23% of clones with the lowest glycoalkaloid content were selected for further evaluation in each generation, respectively. In the M1V4, M1V5 and M1V6, selection was based on statistically significant differences between the mutant clones and the controls for glycoalkaloid content, as determined using a gravimetric quantification method, as well as on agronomic and quality characteristics. At the end of six clonal generations three selections exhibited acceptable levels of tuber glycoalkaloids and retained enough of the parent clone's exceptional traits to have potential in the commercial potato chip (crisp) industry.
Genetic diversity in apricot, Prunus armeniaca, aimed at improving resistance to plum pox virus
Authors: Badenes M. L. , Asíns M. J. , Carbonell E. A. , Glácer G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPlum Pox Virus, a non‐persistent virus transmitted by aphids, causes serious damage to stone fruits. The apricot tree is very sensitive and in order to breed apricot cultivars resistant to Plum Pox Virus and establish breeding strategies, genetic diversity based on 10 enzymatic systems, six of which were polymorphic, has been studied. The plant material studied, 94 accessions, included the most important apricot cultivars grown in PPV‐affected areas. Genetic diversity is high and showed important differences between the three geographical groups studied (North African, European and North American). The North American group was very diverse and allozymes can be used to identify three subgroups. Some North American PPV‐resistant cultivars were very distant from the rest of the cultivars, mainly due to the presence of rare alleles found in an Asian apricot related species. These results support the hypothesis that Asian‐related species might be the origin of PPV resistance within the North American cultivars. Three North American cultivars have been considered as putative donors of PPV resistance to the European cultivars because of their agronomic behaviour, chilling requirements and distance from European cultivars. However, to increase the genetic variability of the European group and thereby to favour recombination, the study of Asian apricot resources is also recommended.
Interspecific hybridization between Cyclamen persicum Mill, and C. purpurascens Mill.
Authors: Ewald A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn order to introduce valuable traits from wild species of Cyclamen into C. persicum cultivars, crosses were made between C. persicum‘Reinweiß’and C. purpurascens. Crossing barriers between C. persicum‘Reinweiß’and C. purpurascens were due to late‐acting incompatibility reactions. Interspecific hybrids were obtained by using ovary culture. The highest number of embryos was achieved from placentas excised 21 days and 35 days after pollination and transferred to Murashige‐Skoog (M.S.)–medium containing 6% sucrose and 1% agar. The hybrids showed a habit and a chromosome number intermediate between the parents. The fragrant flowers were pale red‐purple. The chromosome number in root tips was determined as 2n= 41 while in C. persicum it is 2n= 48 and in C. purpurascens 2n= 34. Due to the different parental chromosome sizes, chromosomes of distinct size were still observed in the hybrid. Pollen viability varied between 0.3 and 34.0%. Parents and interspecific hybrids also showed differences in the DNA content of leaf tissue. Flow cytometric analyses were useful in the early identification of hybrids.