bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Supplementation of Omega‐3 Fatty Acid and Circulating Levels of Interleukin‐1β, Osteocalcin, and C‐Reactive Protein in Rats
Authors: Vardar‐Şengül Saynur , Buduneli Nurcan , Buduneli Eralp , Kardeşler Levent , Baylas Haluk , Atilla Gül , Lappin David , Kinane Denis F. 
Published: May 2006

Background: In this study, we evaluated the effects of two different regimes of dietary supplementation of omega‐3 fatty acid on serum levels of interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), osteocalcin (OC), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in experimental periodontitis.Methods: Experimental periodontitis was induced by repeated injections of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Thirty‐nine adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into four study groups as follows: an LPS positive control group; a saline (negative) control group; and two different groups with omega‐3 fatty acid dietary supplementation, one in which we gave the supplement subsequent to disease induction (TO3) and the other in which the agent was started prior to and continued subsequent to LPS injections (P + TO3). In the TO3 group, omega‐3 fatty acid administration was performed for 14 days following induction of experimental periodontitis. In the P + TO3 group, omega‐3 fatty acid was given for 14 days prior to the start of LPS injections and was continued for another 14 days subsequent to the induction of experimental periodontitis. On day 15 of the first LPS injection, serum samples were obtained and rats were sacrificed. Serum samples were analyzed for IL‐1β, OC, and CRP concentrations by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Defleshed jaws were analyzed morphometrically for alveolar bone loss. Data were evaluated statistically by non‐parametric tests.Results: LPS injection resulted in statistically significantly more bone loss compared to the saline control group (P <0.05). None of the omega‐3 fatty acid administration groups showed evidence that this fatty acid was effective in preventing LPS‐induced alveolar bone loss. TO3 and P + TO3 groups revealed significantly higher IL‐1β and OC levels than the LPS group (P <0.05). The study groups exhibited no significant differences in the serum CRP levels.Conclusions: Omega‐3 fatty acid administration does not seem to influence circulating levels of CRP. The significantly increased serum OC level observed in both omega‐3 fatty acid regimes is curious and could have an effect on bone turnover, as could the further significant increase in serum IL‐1β, which could counteract any osteoblastic induction by OC through promotion of osteoclast activity. The lack of a therapeutic benefit of omega‐3 fatty acid in this study, despite the effects on OC and IL‐1β, is difficult to explain, and further studies are required to more fully assess the potential role of this fatty acid in periodontal treatment.
Maxillary Sinus Septa: Prevalence, Height, Location, and Morphology. A Reformatted Computed Tomography Scan Analysis
Authors: Kim Min‐Jung , Jung Ui‐Won , Kim Chang‐Sung , Kim Kee‐Deog , Choi Seong‐Ho , Kim Chong‐Kwan , Cho Kyoo‐Sung 
Published: May 2006

Background: The sinus lift technique may be difficult to perform if an aberrant sinus anatomy is encountered during surgical exposure, such as when a septum is present on the sinus floor. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, size, location, and morphology of maxillary sinus septa in the atrophic/edentulous and non‐atrophic/dentate maxillary segments.Methods: The sample population consisted of 100 patients (41 women and 59 men, with a mean age of 50 years, ranging between 19 and 87 years) for whom treatment was being planned for implant‐supported restorations. Reformatted computerized tomograms (CT) from 200 sinuses were analyzed using imaging software.Results: The prevalence of one or more septa per sinus was found to be 26.5% (53/200), 31.76% (27/85), and 22.61% (26/115) in the overall study population and the atrophic/edentulous and the non‐atrophic/dentate maxillary segments, respectively. In the analysis of the anatomic location of the septa within the sinus, it was revealed that 15 (25.4%) were located in the anterior region, 30 (50.8%) in the middle region, and 14 (23.7%) in the posterior region. The measured heights of the septa varied among the different areas. The mean heights of the septa were 1.63 ± 2.44, 3.55 ± 2.58, and 5.46 ± 3.09 mm in the lateral, middle, and medial areas, respectively.Conclusions: It can be inferred that there is a wide anatomical variation in the prevalence, size, location, and morphology of maxillary sinus septa, irrespective of the degree of atrophy. Therefore, to prevent the likelihood of complications arising during sinus augmentation procedures, a thorough and extensive understanding of the anatomic structures inherent to the maxillary sinus is indispensable.
Supragingival Plaque May Modify the Effects of Subgingival Bacteria on Attachment Loss
Authors: Tezal Mine , Scannapieco Frank A. , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Grossi Sara G. , Genco Robert J. 
Published: May 2006

Background: Bacterial interactions in response to local and systemic factors may explain important features of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. This study evaluates the role of supragingival plaque level on the relationship between subgingival microorganisms and the risk of attachment loss.Methods: The study population consisted of 386 white women aged 45 years and older who had at least seven teeth. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from the mesio‐buccal surface of six maxillary and six mandibular teeth using paper point technique. The samples were pooled, and immunofluorescence microscopy was performed to identify the following target microorganisms: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Tannerella forsythensis (Tf), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Capnocytophaga species (Cs), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Eubacterium saburreum (Es), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn). The presence or absence of supragingival plaque and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were assessed at the same 12 sites where subgingival plaque samples were taken. The association of each microorganism with CAL was tested using multiple logistic regressions controlling for age, smoking status, and diabetes. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.Results: At low supragingival plaque levels, only the presence of Pg was significantly associated with CAL (OR: 6.41, 95% CI: 1.30 to 31.70); all remaining microorganisms were also associated with increased but non‐significant risk of CAL. At high supragingival plaque levels, the presence of Tf (OR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.42 to 4.04) and Pg (OR: 3.71, 95% CI: 1.63 to 8.42) was significantly associated with increased risk of attachment loss. By contrast, the presence of Cs (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.30 to 1.01) and Es (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.82) was associated with decreased risk of attachment loss. Fn, Pi, and Cr were not significantly associated with CAL at either low or high supragingival plaque levels.Conclusions: This study suggests that the association of certain subgingival microorganisms with CAL changes in relation to supragingival plaque levels in older adult women. It also suggests that the overall effect of dental plaque is a function of the balance between pathogenic and other microorganisms that colonize this environment. Therefore, all microorganisms in the biofilm, including those with no apparent association with overt disease and those with negative associations, may play roles in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
Use of diet pills and other dieting aids in a college population with high weight and shape concerns
Authors: Celio Christine I. , Luce Kristine H. , Bryson Susan W. , Winzelberg Andrew J. , Cunning Darby , Rockwell Roxanne , Celio Doyle Angela A. , Wilfley Denise E. , Taylor C. Barr 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjectiveThe current study examines diet aid use among college women at risk for eating disorders and explores characteristics associated with diet aid use.MethodParticipants were 484 college women <30 years from 6 universities in the San Francisco Bay Area (SF) and San Diego who were at risk for developing eating disorders. A checklist assessed diet pill, fat blocker, diuretic, laxative, and other diet aid use over the past 12 months.ResultsThirty‐two percent of the college women reported using a diet aid. Diet aid use was double the rate in San Diego (44%) compared with SF (22%) (p = .000). Weight and shape concerns were higher among diet aid users than among nonusers across sites.ConclusionA significant number of college women at risk for eating disorders are using diet aids. We recommend that clinicians inquire about diet aid use among college‐aged patients. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2006)
Caenorhabditis elegans as a screening tool for the endothelial cell‐derived putative aging‐related proteins detected by proteomic analysis
Authors: Ha Moon Kyung , Soo Cho Jeong , Baik Ok‐Ryun , Lee Kwang Hoon , Koo Hyeon‐Sook , Chung Kee Yang 
Published: May 2006

AbstractEndothelial cells go through progressive pathophysiologic modification as cellular senescence progresses. In vitro, endothelial cell senescence is accompanied by failure of proliferation and by perturbations in gene and protein expressions. Moreover, this cellular senescence in culture has been proposed to reflect processes that occur in the organism in vivo and free radical theory is accepted to be the most plausible explanation for this process. We have screened proteins involved in both cellular senescence and reactive oxygen species induced condition using 2‐D gel analysis and found that ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L1, peroxyredoxin 2, peroxyredoxin 4, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs), and 5'‐AMP‐activated protein kinase beta‐1 subunit were candidate aging‐related proteins. To evaluate in vivo function of these proteins, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) knock‐down system using RNA interference was applied. Aging‐specific expression of lipofucsin and the lifespan of knocked‐down C. elegans were observed to assess the outcome. Interestingly, the inhibition of the genes led to short lifespan and earlier accumulation of lipofucsin with increasing age when compared with the wild type. These results suggest that the above genes may be related to cellular senescence process in determining the longevity in C. elegans and that gene inactivation renders animals susceptible to oxidative stress.
Distribution of killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) in Comoros and Southeast France
Authors: Frassati C. , Touinssi M. , Picard C. , Segura M. , Galicher V. , Papa K. , Gagne K. , Vivier E. , Degioanni A. , Böetsch G. , Mercier P. , Vély F. , De Micco P. , Reviron D. , Chiaroni J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractKiller‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) expressed by natural killer cells are cell surface molecules able to recognize groups of HLA class I alleles. The number and distribution of KIR genes vary among individuals and populations. The aim of this study is to analyse the KIR gene content in a Comorian population in order to investigate genetic relationships with other populations and to reconstruct past migration events. The Comorian population consisted of 54 unrelated immigrants living in France and a control population consisted of 38 individuals from Southeast France. We investigated the presence or absence of 15 KIR genes, two pseudogenes expressed and non‐expressed forms of KIR2DL5 and the two major subtype full‐length and deleted forms of KIR2DS4. All individuals were typed positive for the framework genes, i.e. KIR2DL4, KIR3DL2 and KIR3DL3, and the two pseudogenes KIR3DP1 and KIR2DP1. The frequencies of full‐length KIR2DS4 (*00101/00102/002) were lower in the French population (F = 29%) than in the Comorian population (F = 72%) (Pc < 0.05). No significant differences were found for other KIR genes. A total of 11 genotypes were identified in the Southeast French population and 22 genotypes in the Comorian population. The most common genotype (2DL1, 2DL3, 2DL4, 3DL1, 3DL2, 3DL3 and 2DS4) accounted for 41% in the Comorian population and 34% in the Southeast French population. Principal component analysis using KIR gene data from 20 populations was performed to determine genetic differences and relations between populations. The Comorian population exhibited closest kinship with Africans and Asians. As KIR gene content is heterogeneous among ethnic groups, it can probably be used to assess the genetic relationships among populations from different geographic areas.
Health Care for Older Persons in Switzerland: A Country Profile
Authors: Schoenenberger Andreas W. , Stuck Andreas E. 
Published: May 2006

Switzerland has the second‐most‐expensive healthcare system worldwide, with 11.5% of gross domestic product spent on health care in 2003. Switzerland has a healthcare system with universal insurance coverage and a social insurance system, ensuring an adequate financial situation for 96% of the 1.1 million older inhabitants.Key concerns related to the care of older persons are topics such as increasing healthcare costs, growing public awareness of patient autonomy, and challenges related to assisted suicide. In 2004, the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences issued guidelines for the care of disabled older persons.Since 2000, geriatrics has been a board‐certified discipline with a 3‐year training program in addition to 5 years of training in internal or family medicine. There are approximately 125 certified geriatricians in Switzerland, working primarily in geriatric centers in urban areas. Switzerland has an excellent research environment, ranking second of all countries worldwide in life sciences research—but only 13th in aging research. This is in part due to a lack of specific training programs promoting research on aging and inadequate funding. In addition, there is a shortage of academic geriatricians in Switzerland, in part due to the fact that two of five Swiss universities had no academic geriatric departments in 2005. With more‐adequate financial resources for academic geriatrics, Switzerland would have the opportunity to contribute more to aging research internationally and to improved care for older patients.
DEVELOPMENT OF DIVING BY HARBOR SEAL PUPS IN TWO REGIONS OF ALASKA: USE OF THE WATER COLUMN
Authors: Frost Kathryn J. , Simpkins Michael A. , Small Robert J. , Lowry Lloyd F. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSatellite‐linked dive recorders were attached to 53 harbor seal pups in Prince William Sound (PWS) and at Tugidak Island, Alaska, during 1997–1999. We used generalized additive models and bootstrap techniques to describe pup diving behavior during their first year of life. Pups increased their ability to dive during the first 3–6 mo, as indicated by increases in proportion of time in the water (time wet) and maximum dive depth achieved by a pup each day (max‐depth) values. Time wet and/or max‐depth later decreased, suggesting a seasonal component to diving behavior. Monthly time wet varied from an overall minimum of 0.68 at tagging in July to a maximum of 0.89 in November. Pups spent half of their time wet swimming in water <25 m deep, the shallowest 30% of the available water column. They spent only 5% of their time swimming in the deepest 30% of the available water column, at depths >60–70 m. This strongly suggests they were not feeding on or near bottom during their first year. Average max‐depths and deepest actual dives were similar for PWS and Tugidak pups. PWS pups dove deeper sooner and spent less time wet than Tugidak pups during the first few months after tagging, probably as a result of regional bathymetric differences. Diving behavior and body condition suggest that food availability was not likely a major factor in the population decline in PWS during the period of this study.
On Predicting the Effects of Streamline Curvature on the Turbulent Prandtl Number
Authors: Younis Bassam A. , Berger Stanley A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractStreamline curvature in the plane of the mean flow is known to exert a proportionately greater effect on the turbulent mixing processes than might be expected from inspection of the conservation equations governing the evolution of the turbulence field. For the case of momentum transport, streamline curvature in the destabilizing sense increases the Reynolds stresses throughout all regions of the flow while the effects of stabilizing curvature are to reduce these parameters relative to their plane flow values. In the limit of strong stabilizing effects, the turbulence activity is suppressed altogether with the mean flow and turbulence parameters asymptoting to their laminar-flow limits. When heat transfer is present, the experimental findings appear to suggest that the rate of heat transfer by the turbulent motions is more sensitive to the effects of curvature than that of momentum transfer. This is equivalent to an increase in the value of the turbulent Prandtl number with increasing stabilizing curvature. The conventional gradient-transport model, with its built-in assumption of constant Prandtl number, cannot reproduce this result. The purpose of the work reported in this paper was to investigate whether the use of alternative, explicit, and nonlinear models for the turbulent scalar fluxes results in the prediction of a more realistic response of the turbulent Prandtl number to stabilizing curvature effects.
Isolation and Characterization of a New
Clostridium
sp. That Performs Effective Cellulosic Waste Digestion in a Thermophilic Methanogenic Bioreactor
Authors: Shiratori Hatsumi , Ikeno Hironori , Ayame Shohei , Kataoka Naoaki , Miya Akiko , Hosono Kuniaki , Beppu Teruhiko , Ueda Kenji 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

A methanogenic bioreactor that utilized wastepaper was developed and operated at 55°C. Microbial community structure analysis showed the presence of a group of clostridia that specifically occurred during the period of high fermentation efficiency. To isolate the effective cellulose digester, the sludge that exhibited high fermentation efficiency was inoculated into a synthetic medium that contained cellulose powder as the sole carbon source and was successively cultivated. A comprehensive 16S rRNA gene sequencing study revealed that the enriched culture contained various clostridia that had diverse phylogenetic positions. The microorganisms were further enriched by successive cultivation with filter paper as the substrate, as well as the bait carrier. A resultant isolate, strain EBR45 (=
Clostridium
sp. strain NBRC101661), was a new member of the order
Clostridiales
phylogenetically and physiologically related to
Clostridium thermocellum
and
Clostridium straminisolvens
. Specific PCR-based monitoring demonstrated that strain EBR45 specifically occurred during the high fermentation efficiency period in the original methanogenic sludge. Strain EBR45 effectively digested office paper in its pure cultivation system with a synthetic medium.
Development and Evaluation of a Rapid, Simple, and Sensitive Immunochromatographic Assay To Detect Thermostable Direct Hemolysin Produced by
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
in Enrichment Cultures of Stool Specimens
Authors: Kawatsu Kentaro , Ishibashi Masanori , Tsukamoto Teizo 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) is considered to be a major virulence factor in
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
, and most cases of
V. parahaemolyticus
diarrhea in humans are caused by
tdh
gene-positive strains. In the present study, we developed an immunochromatographic assay to detect TDH (TDH-ICA) and evaluated the utility of TDH-ICA for the diagnosis of
V. parahaemolyticus
diarrhea. TDH-ICA allowed the detection of 0.2 ng/ml of TDH within 10 min. Fecal homogenates were spiked with various numbers of
tdh
-positive
V. parahaemolyticus
organisms, and their enrichment cultures were tested with TDH-ICA. The results of detection of TDH in the enrichment cultures by TDH-ICA were in accord with the results of recovery of the spiked
V. parahaemolyticus
organisms from the enrichment cultures by plating onto thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar. When enrichment cultures of 217 stool specimens from patients with diarrhea were tested with TDH-ICA, the TDH-ICA results showed 100% sensitivity and specificity compared to the results of isolation of
V. parahaemolyticus
from the stool specimens by a conventional bacterial culture test. Since TDH-ICA was able to detect TDH in a fecal enrichment culture within 10 min, TDH-ICA testing of a fecal enrichment culture could be completed rapidly and easily within approximately 16 h, including incubation time for the fecal enrichment culture. These results indicate that TDH-ICA is a rapid, simple, and sensitive TDH detection method and that TDH-ICA testing of a fecal enrichment culture is useful as an adjunct to facilitate the early diagnosis of
V. parahaemolyticus
diarrhea.
Differential inhibition of Wnt‐3a by Sfrp‐1, Sfrp‐2, and Sfrp‐3
Authors: Galli Lisa M. , Barnes Tiffany , Cheng Tina , Acosta Lisa , Anglade Adolph , Willert Karl , Nusse Roel , Burrus Laura W. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractHamburger Hamilton stage 13 chick embryo was electroporated with constructs encoding Sfrp‐2 (marked by expression of nuclear GFP) and Wnt‐3a (marked by expression of membrane bound GFP) and then incubated until stage 21. A transverse section was then immunostained for Pax‐7 (blue) and antiphosphohistone H3 (red). The upper left panel shows the original image, while the other three panels show digitally manipulated versions of the original image. See Galli et al., Developmental Dynamics 235:681–690. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impaired maturation and function of dendritic cells by mycobacteria through IL‐1β
Authors: Makino Masahiko , Maeda Yumi , Mukai Tetsu , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDendritic cells (DC) are pivotal for initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses evoked by vaccination and natural infection. After infection, mycobacterial pathogens first encounter monocytes, which produce pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including IL‐1β, TNF‐α and IL‐6. The role of these cytokines in DC maturation remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that maturation of DC from monocytes was impaired by pretreatment of monocytes with low doses of IL‐1β. Under these conditions, Mycobacterium leprae‐infected DC failed to stimulate antigen‐specific T cell responses. Expression of CD86 and CD83 and production of IL‐12 in response to lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan were diminished. In contrast, these DC functions were not impaired by pretreatment with TNF‐α, IL‐6 or IL‐10. When monocytes were infected with M. bovis Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin, and subsequently differentiated to DC, the activity of these DC was suppressed as well. Thus, IL‐1β acts at early stages of differentiation of DC and impairs biological functions of DC at later stages. Therefore, production of IL‐1β by mycobacteria‐infected antigen‐presenting cells counteracts effective stimulation of innate and adaptive immune responses.