bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship of resources to emotional distress, somatic complaints, and high‐risk behaviors in drug recovery and homeless minority women
Authors: Nyamathi Adeline M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn a sample of 581 homeless or drug‐abusing minority women, the relationship of self‐esteem, sense of coherence, and support availability to emotional distress, somatic complaints, and high‐risk behavior were investigated. Findings revealed that women who were high in self‐esteem and stronger in sense of coherence reported significantly less emotional distress, and significantly fewer high‐risk behaviors. In addition, women who were high in any of the three resources reported lower somatic complaints. Regression analyses revealed that coherence, self‐esteem and support availability jointly accounted for 49% of the variance in emotional distress, 10% of the variance in high‐risk activities, and 26% of the variance in somatic complaints. Implications for empowering women at risk for HIV infection are discussed.
Content analysis of reminiscences of elderly women
Authors: Kovach Christine R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe content of reminiscences of 21 cognitively intact elderly women registered in an adult daycare program was examined. Content analysis of transcripts from a semistructured interview was used to discover categories of reminiscence meaning. The interpretations made about past experiences were grouped under two categories: (a) validating reminiscences that involved confirming or verifying that one had lived a fruitful life; and (b) lamenting reminiscences that involved negative interpretations of past events. Validating themes were: positive self‐appraisals, choices, social connections, joys, and past to present comparisons. Lamenting themes were: regrets, difficulties, and lacking choice.
A descriptive analysis of experienced nurses' clinical reasoning during a planning task
Authors: Grobe Susan J. , Drew Judith A. , Fonteyn Marsha E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA Think Aloud (TA) method was employed to collect verbal data from seven clinical nurses as they reviewed a written case study and formulated a plan of care. Protocol Analysis (PA) of the verbal data resulted in a visual representation of each subject's plan of care and provided information regarding the clinical data that subjects used to plan care. The results demonstrated that frequently problems and interventions were inextricably linked and considered in unison rather than during separate steps of a planning process. This finding has implications relative to the current practice within both nursing education and nursing service of focusing on problems and interventions separately when planning care.
Focus on psychometrics. The multitrait–multimethod approach to construct validity
Authors: Ferketich Sandra L. , Figueredo Aurelio J. , Knapp Thomas R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe multitrait–multimethod matrix approach as proposed by Campbell and Fiske (1959) was an important contribution to our understanding of the nature of validation procedures. There are, however, problems encountered when using the Campbell and Fiske (1959) approach. The purpose of this article is to discuss the method and selected problems, and to propose an alternate approach to address those problems.
Two explanations of nurse practitioner interactions and participatory decision making with physicians
Authors: Lamb Gerri S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to test a theoretical model that integrated two explanations of nurse practitioner interaction and participatory decision making with physicians. The two explanations were derived from technology theory and social exchange theory. Nurse practitioners (N = 38) responded to a four‐scale magnitude estimation instrument measuring each of four concepts in the model: complexity, expected benefit‐cost ratio of interaction, interaction, and participatory decision making. Predictions derived from both theories were supported. Nurse practitioner decisions about interaction with physicians were influenced by the dynamics of social exchange with physicians, as well as the technological requirements of primary care. The findings offer nurse practitioners new strategies for managing professional exchanges on behalf of their patients.
Effects of a skin refrigerant/anesthetic and age on the pain responses of infants receiving immunizations
Authors: Maikler Virginia Egbert 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAlthough pain management is an important nursing responsibility, few interventions for minimizing distress of infants during painful procedures have been studied. Sixty infants, 2 through 6 months of age, were studied during a routine DPT immunization in order to examine (a) the effectiveness of cooling the skin in reducing distress behaviors and (b) the relationship between age and distress behavior. Infants were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups. Prior to the injection, the sites were sprayed for 2 to 3 s with either a skin refrigerant/anesthetic or compressed air. Behaviors were video‐ and audio‐taped during and 60 s post injection, and coded for (a) facial expression, (b) cry, and (c) body movements. MANOVA revealed fewer distress behaviors following refrigerant spray and more complex, varied behavioral responses for older infants. The findings provide further evidence that infants perceive pain and that nursing interventions for pain reduction should be tested and extended to the very young.
Clinical predictors of intravenous site symptoms
Authors: Dibble Suzanne L. , Bostrom‐Ezrati Janet , Rizzuto Carmella 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this prospective multi‐site study was to determine the frequency of intravenous (IV) site symptoms and to develop a preliminary model of the factors implicated in the number of these symptoms. In a sample of 514 patients from four institutions, IV site symptoms including pain, redness, swelling, induration, and/or a venous cord were present in 205 (39.9%) of the patients. The IV catheters were in place an average of 48.7 hr. There were no significant differences in symptoms by hospital site. Using multiple regression techniques, a seven‐factor model explained 18% of the variance in number of IV site symptoms. Further research is required to explore other potential causes for the numbers of IV site symptoms.
The effects of cognitive distortion and depression on disability in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Clough Dorothy Hendel 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe question explored in this study was: What is the effect of cognitive distortion and depression on disability in arthritis patients when stage of disease is controlled? Patients (N = 165) completed the Sickness Impact Profile, two Cognitive Error Questionnaires, and the Symptom Questionnaire, and were staged for severity of disease. Findings indicated a significant effect of distortion on disability in rheumatoid arthritis patients; however, this effect varied by stage. Distortion and depression best explained total disability in Stage II (R2 = 0.60 using general distortion; R2 = 0.58 using arthritis distortion). Future nursing interventions designed to decrease or prevent distortion might reduce disability as well as depression.
An empirical test of rogers' original and revised theory of correlates in adolescents
Authors: Yarcheski Adela , Mahon Noreen E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine Rogers' original and revised theory of correlates in adolescents. The correlates were measured by Perceived Field Motion, Human Field Rhythms, Creativity, Sentience, Fast Tempo, and Waking Periods. The original theory was tested with data obtained from samples of early (n = 116), middle (n = 116), and late (n = 116) adolescents. The revised theory was tested in a fourth selectively combined sample of adolescents, aged 12 to 21 (n = 89). Data were collected in classroom settings. Although the findings did not support either theory, they did indicate that: (1) four of the six correlates studied performed as correlates when examined in three discrete phases of adolescence, as determined by chronological age, (2) the means of the individual correlates increased slightly in frequency levels developmentally, and (3) the correlates emerged at different frequency levels when examined in adolescents, aged 12 to 21.
Focus on Psychometrics. Coefficient alpha: Conceptualizations and anomalies
Authors: Knapp Thomas R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this article distinctions are made among some of the different conceptualizations of, and formulas for, Cronbach's coefficient alpha as it is applied to dichotomous or nondi‐chotomous, standardized or unstandardized, and weighted or unweighted data. Issues regarding the statistical significance of alpha and the occasionally encountered anomalies of artificially high alpha and negative values of alpha are given particular attention.
Illness and Treatment Appraisal Processes of Healthy and Hemophilic Boys
Authors: Spitzer Ada 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purposes of this study was to describe patterns characterizing appraisal processes of chronically ill and healthy school‐age boys regarding illness and treatment situations. The specific aims were to describe () the domains representing the process of appraisal, () the relationships among the domains, and (c) the patterns of appraisal based on the interplay among the various domains. The sample included 18 healthy boys and 18 hemophilic boys. The two groups were matched on the basis of child's age and family socioeconomic level. A qualitative methodology was used to understand the ways in which boys appraise illness and treatment‐related stimuli. Findings showed that appraisal processes of school age boys were comprised of four interacting domains: delineation of the context, fears related to the stimuli, the emotional response to the stimuli, and the final decision. The characteristics of these domains and the relationships among them resulted in two patterns of appraisal: amplification and minimization.
Cognitive Performance on Piagetian Tasks by Alzheimer's Disease Patients
Authors: Thornbury Julia Mcgregor 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine cognitive abilities in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients using Piaget's child developmental theory. Thirty elderly AD patients and 30 elderly control subjects were given two traditional Piagetian measures, the Infant Psychological Development Scale and the Concrete Operations Test. Half of the AD subjects (15) were in Piaget's sensorimotor or preoperational stages, while the remaining half of the AD subjects and all elderly control subjects were in Piaget's concrete operational stage, x2 [1, N = 60] = 17.42, p <0.001. If subsequent studies confirm that AD patients' cognitive characteristics are similar to Piaget's theoretical model, nursing care might be individualized based on mental competence, thus minimizing the commonly observed caregiver overestimation and underestimation of the AD patient's ability to understand and cooperate.
Effects of personal control over hospital noise on sleep
Authors: Topf Margaret 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCritical Care Unit (CCU) sound levels, subjective stress due to noise, and sleep were studied in 105 female volunteers in a simulated hospital environment. Subjects were randomly assigned to instruction in personal control over noise via the availability of a sound conditioner, no instruction in personal control over noise, or quiet conditions. Subjects in the two noise conditions heard audiotape‐recorded CCU nighttime sounds while attempting to sleep overnight in the laboratory. The intervention did not facilitate better sleep as measured by polysomnograph equipment and self‐report. However, the results provided strong support for a causal relationship between CCU sounds and poorer sleep. When compared to the quiet condition, subjects in the noise conditions had poorer sleep efficiency; more difficulty falling and staying asleep; more difficulty progressing from one stage of sleep to the next; more intrasleep awakenings; spent less time in Rapid Eye Movement sleep; and poorer sleep via self‐report (all ps < 0.03). As predicted, scores for subjective stress due to CCU sounds yielded significant relationships with 9 of 16 measures of sleep (all ps <0.01). Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that 13% (p <0.001) and close to 6% (p <0.05) of the variance in sleep efficiency was accounted for by CCU sound levels and noise‐induced subjective stress, respectively. Thirty‐eight percent (p <0.001) of the variance in Rapid Eye Movement sleep was accounted for by CCU sound levels.
Tailoring nursing care to the individual client: Empirical challenge of a theoretical concept
Authors: Brown Sarah Jo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTailoring of client‐nurse interaction to the client's individuality is a central concept in Cox's interaction Model of Client Health behavior, and represents a specification of the term individualization of cafe (Cox, 1982). In this study, the empirical adequacy of Cox's definition of tailoring was challenged by comparing the content of naturally occurring encounters between an expert nurse and clients to content predicted by the definition. Analyses of the content of the encounters revealed that: client individuality was featured; client individuality and clinical assessment‐management were considered in association with one another; and a majority of interventions were fitted to the individual client. The findings were interpreted as supportive of the empirical existence of tailoring as specified by Cox, and provided the bases for suggested refinements of the theoretical model.
“Nursing as a way of thinking”—heideggerian hermeneutical analysis of the lived experience of the returning RN
Authors: Rather Marsha L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAlthough RNs are returning for baccalaureate education in large numbers, little research has been conducted on their lived experience to identify what they deem significant about their schooling experiences. For this phenomenological study, returning RNs from three baccalaureate nursing programs (N = 15) participated in extended, nonstructured, audio‐recorded interviews. Resulting verbatim transcripts were analyzed hermeneutically by a team of researchers using Heideggerian phenomenology as the philosophical background to identify common meanings, relational themes across texts, and finally, constitutive patterns expressing relationships between themes. The major finding of the research was the constitutive pattern “Nursing as a Way of Thinking.”
Beyond campbell and fiske: Assessment of convergent and discriminant validity
Authors: Lowe Nancy K. , Ryan‐Wenger Nancy M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWhile it is not an innovation in the more established social sciences, the multitrait multimethod (MTMM) technique (Campbell & Fiske, 1959) and additional, more powerful statistical methods of interpreting a MTMM matrix of correlations, have not been used extensively in nursing to asses construct validity of new instruments. This article reviews the Campbell and Fiske method for the assessment of convergent and discriminant validity, reviews the application of the method in the nursing literature, and describes the limitations of the original method. In addition, the procedures, strengths, and limitations of the analysis of variance and confirmatory factor analytic approaches to the quantification of Campbell and Fiske's criteria are described.
Psychophysiologic and behavioral effects of tactile stimulation on infants with congenital heart disease
Authors: Weiss Sandra J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA within‐subjects, counterbalanced, repeated measures design was employed to determine the effects of gender and six different types of verbal and tactile stimuli on the arousal of 24 infants hospitalized for congenital heart disease during their first 6 months of life. Infants were systematically assigned to different sequences of the various stimuli. Measures of arousal included heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and activity level. Results indicated that the use of touch conducive to neural excitation (i. e., intense, vigorous, extensive touching of highly innervated body areas) produced higher heart rates (p < 0.01) and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.002) as well as greater activity (p < 0.01) than did other types of tactile stimulation or soothing verbal stimulation. Girls appeared more physiologically responsive to touch than boys and a subset of infants showed evidence of distress during more arousing stimulation.
Evaluation of hypertension screening in the hutterite population
Authors: Brunt J. Howard , Love Edgar J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a hypertension screening program on Hutterites from Alberta, Canada who were found to have a diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg. At approximately 16 months postscreening, 200 subjects completed a selfadministered questionnaire requesting information about physician follow‐up and pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapy. Seventy‐four percent of the subjects reported that they had their blood pressure measured at least twice since screening. A third of the respondents reported changes in pharmacologic management. Subjects reported weight loss (36%), and salt and alcohol reduction (64% and 48%, respectively) as nonpharmacologic methods for lowering blood pressure. In terms of physician follow‐up and pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic modification, the screening program was effective.
Quality of Life after Liver Transplant
Authors: Hicks Frank D. , Larson Janet L. , Ferrans Carol Estwing 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life and health related variables in two groups of liver transplant patients, one at 2 years or less after transplant and the other at more than 2 years after transplant. Both groups reported a high overall quality of life and an above average health status. Long‐term transplant patients reported significantly more health‐related functional impairment and a tendency toward higher levels of depressed and anxious moods. The high quality of life suggested that patients were coping effectively with the realities of life, despite health‐related functional impairment.
The effects of noise stress on leukocyte function in rats
Authors: McCarthy Donna O. , Ouimet Mary E. , Daun Jane M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIt has been reported that exposure to increased noise levels impairs wound healing in surgical patients and in rats. The purpose of the present study was to determine if exposure to noise stress would alter the biological function of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes, leukocytes that are involved in wound healing. Rats were exposed to 80 db of “rock” music for 24 hr, during which time the control animals were maintained in their usual environment. Leukocyte subpopulations were obtained and stimulated in vitro. Neutrophils and macrophages from noise‐exposed animals secreted significantly less superoxide anion and interleukin‐1 than cells from control animals. Lymphocyte function was not altered following noise stress. We conclude that short‐term exposure of rats to noise stress alters some of the biological functions of leukocytes.
The effect of clients' family structure on nursing students' cognitive schemas and verbal behavior
Authors: Ganong Lawrence H. , Coleman Marilyn 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe primary purpose of this study was to investigate if nursing students stereotype clients on the basis of family status. In addition, the influence of information about the client's family status on students' predictions about the client's behavior, information sought from the client, recalled information, and verbal responses directed toward the client were examined. The participants were 83 nursing students from a large Midwestern university. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Brief written information about a female adult client with a vaginal discharge was provided and, after listening to an audiotaped interview between a nurse and the client, students completed a battery of questionnaires. They also responded verbally to questions asked by the audiotaped client. All information given to both groups was identical except for the client's family status. Results indicated that the client who was a married mother was perceived somewhat more positively than the unmarried mother client. Participants' perceptions were only somewhat consistent with cultural stereotypes about these family statuses. Information sought and information remembered about the client were greater when she was an unmarried mother. There were no differences in predictions of patients' behaviors and verbal responses.
The consent process and children
Authors: Broome Marion E. , Stieglitz Kimberly A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTraditionally, recommendations and procedures for obtaining consent and assent from children to participate in research have varied somewhat from institution to institution. At least some of this inconsistency can be attributed to a lack of consensus on what consent means when applied to individuals less than 18 years of age. Developmental theories provide some rationale for reconsidering the arbitrary age limit of 18 years for informed consent. In this article, the concepts of consent and assent are discussed relative to developmental characteristics of children and adolescents and implications for consent and assent procedures are discussed.
Focus on psychometrics the kappa statistic for establishing interrater reliability in the secondary analysis of qualitative clinical data
Authors: Brennan Patricia Flatley , Hays Bevely J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAnalysis of extant clinical records is receiving increased emphasis in nursing investigations. Appropriate use of this approach to patient research requires careful attention to data management, including assessment of reliability. Percent agreement, phi, and Kappa all serve as estimates of interrater reliability in the analysis of data. Kappa has particular merit as a measure of interrater reliability; it also has some peculiar problems in implementation and interpretation. The nature and computation of Kappa and its application in analysis of clinical data are discussed.
Psychosocial outcome six months after heart transplant surgery: A preliminary report
Authors: Bohachick Patricia , Anton Bonnie B. , Wooldridge Powhatan J. , Kormos Robert L. , Armitage John M. , Hardesty Robert L. , Griffith Bartley P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWith improvement in survival of patients treated with heart transplant, evaluation of recovery with respect to psychosocial function has become an important issue. In this study, psychosocial functioning of 44 heart transplant recipients pretransplant was compared to their functioning 6 months posttransplant. Before transplantation, patients experienced considerable psychosocial distress attributable to illness. At 6 months after transplantation, the majority of patients showed significant improvement in emotional, domestic, sexual, social, and vocational functioning. However, 25% of patients showed deterioration in psychosocial adjustment and 11% showed an increase in mood disturbance. Further effort is indicated to improve psychosocial outcome of heart transplantation.