bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1.4T study of proton magnetic relaxation rates, iron concentrations, and plaque burden in Alzheimer's disease and control postmortem brain tissue
Authors: House Michael J. , St. Pierre Timothy G. , McLean Catriona 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe measured proton magnetic longitudinal (R1) and transverse (R2) relaxation rates at 1.4T, iron concentrations, water contents, and amyloid plaque densities in postmortem brain tissue samples from three Alzheimer's disease (AD), two possible AD, and five control subjects. Iron concentrations and R1 were significantly higher in the temporal cortex region of our AD group compared to the controls. Frequency analyses showed that the observed trends of higher iron, R1, and R2 in AD gray matter regions were statistically significant. Simple regression models indicated that for AD and control gray matter the iron concentrations and water contents have significant linear correlations with R1 and R2. Multiple regression models based on iron concentrations and water contents were highly significant for all groups and tissue types and suggested that the effects of iron become more important in determining R1 and R2 in the AD samples. At 1.4T R1 and R2 are strongly affected by water content and to a lesser extent by variations in iron concentrations. The AD plaque density did not correlate with iron concentrations, water contents, R1, or R2, suggesting that increases in AD brain iron are not strongly related to the accumulation of amyloid plaques. Magn Reson Med, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Linear inequalities among graph invariants: Using GraPHedron to uncover optimal relationships
Authors: Christophe Julie , Dewez Sophie , Doignon Jean‐Paul , Fasbender Gilles , Grégoire Philippe , Huygens David , Labbé Martine , Elloumi Sourour , Mélot Hadrien , Yaman Hande 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOptimality of a linear inequality in finitely many graph invariants is defined through a geometric approach. For a fixed number of graph vertices, consider all the tuples of values taken by the invariants on a selected class of graphs. Then form the polytope which is the convex hull of all these tuples. By definition, the optimal linear inequalities correspond to the facets of this polytope. They are finite in number, are logically independent, and generate precisely all the linear inequalities valid on the class of graphs. The computer system GraPHedron, developed by some of the authors, is able to produce experimental data about such inequalities for a “small” number of vertices. It greatly helps in conjecturing optimal linear inequalities, which are then hopefully proved for any number of vertices. Two examples are investigated here for the class of connected graphs. First, all the optimal linear inequalities for the stability number and the number of edges are obtained. To this aim, a problem of Ore (1962) related to the Turán Theorem (1941) is solved. Second, several optimal inequalities are established for three invariants: the maximum degree, the irregularity, and the diameter. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2008
Lower bounds for two‐period grooming via linear programming duality
Authors: Colbourn Charles J. , Quattrocchi Gaetano , Syrotiuk Violet R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn a problem arising in grooming for two‐period optical networks, it is required to decompose the complete graph onnvertices into subgraphs each containing at mostCedges, so that the induced subgraphs on a specified set ofv≤nvertices each contain at mostC′ <Cedges. The cost of the grooming is the sum, over all subgraphs, of the number of vertices of nonzero degree in the subgraph. The optimum grooming is the one of lowest cost. An integer linear programming formulation is used to determine precise lower bounds on this minimum cost for all choices ofnandvwhen 1 ≤C′ <C≤ 3. In most cases, this approach determines not only the bound but also the specific structure of any grooming that could realize the bound. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2008
Grooming for two‐period optical networks
Authors: Colbourn Charles J. , Quattrocchi Gaetano , Syrotiuk Violet R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMinimizing the number of add‐drop multiplexers (ADMs) in a unidirectional SONET ring can be formulated as a graph decomposition problem. When traffic requirements are uniform and all‐to‐all, groomings that minimize the number of ADMs (equivalently, the drop cost) have been characterized for grooming ratio at most six. However, when two different traffic requirements are supported, these solutions do not ensure optimality. In two‐period optical networks,nvertices are required to support a grooming ratio ofCain the first time period, while in the second time period a grooming ratio ofCb,Cb<Ca, is required forv≤nvertices. This allows the two‐period grooming problem to be expressed as an optimization problem on graph decompositions ofKnthat embed graph decompositions ofKvforv≤n. Using this formulation, optimal two‐period groomings are found for small grooming ratios using techniques from the theory of graphs and designs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2008
Some new large (Δ, 3)‐graphs
Authors: Gómez J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe study the problem of finding large graphs with given degree Δ and diameter D = 3; that is, the construction of graphs with number of vertices as large as possible for a given degree Δ and diameter D = 3. There are two general methods to obtain large graphs: computer search and analytic methods. In this article, new ideas are proposed for analytic methods which allow us to improve the values for the entries (12,3), (13,3), and (14,3) in the table of the largest known (Δ,D)‐graphs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009
On the use of guided design search for discovering significant decision variables in the fixed‐charge capacitated multicommodity network design problem
Authors: Lewis Mark W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA preprocessing technique, Guided Design Search (GDS), is presented for the fixed‐charge multicommodity capacitated network design (FCMD) problem. GDS applies design of experiment (DOE) principles in order to identify the critical edges in FCMD by analyzing the observed effects of tests using strictly generated sets of edge inclusion/exclusion decisions. Reasoning that these critical edges will exist in most of the high‐quality solutions, they are set to their appropriate value, resulting in a reduced solution space for FCMD. High‐quality solutions to this reduced FCMD were found quickly and often improved on those found for the unreduced problem. GDS is shown to dominate several other approaches for reducing the solution space. This success serves to broaden the applicability of experimental design screening and preprocessing techniques. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009
In sickness or in health? Assessment of Early Iron Age human skeletons from Toutswe sites, east central Botswana
Authors: Mosothwane M. N. , Steyn M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe general health of Early Iron Age (AD 700 to 1300) mixed farmers in east central Botswana has not been studied before. In this study the bones and teeth of 84 individuals from ten Toutswe sites were analysed for osteological manifestations of disease, with the aim of assessing the general health of the Toutswe communities. These individuals were aged between newborn and 75 years old, and include both sexes. Results indicate the presence of diseases commonly found in archaeological populations such as osteoarthritis, spina bifida occulta, cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis and enamel hypoplasias. One possible case of DISH was found. The frequency of lesions was comparable with or even lower than at other similar sites, such as K2 and Mapungubwe and other parts of southern Africa. The samples represent communities with relatively low levels of stress and infections. This seems to support the results of the palaeodemographic analysis, which indicated that the Toutswe people were better off than those of neighbouring K2 and Mapungubwe. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Troponins and natriuretic peptides in the monitoring of anthracycline cardiotoxicity
Authors: Germanakis Ioannis , Anagnostatou Nikol , Kalmanti Maria 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAnthracycline‐related cardiotoxicity has a substantial negative impact on long‐term survivors of childhood cancer. The detection of cardiotoxicity is currently based on echocardiography or radionuclide angiography. However, as they depict only the final outcome of myocardial injury in terms of reduced heart contractility, heart specific biomarkers of myocardial destruction or dysfunction could be advantageous by allowing for an earlier detection of cardiotoxicity. In the present study, the usefulness of cardiac troponins and natriuretic peptides, the most commonly used biomarkers of myocardial destruction and ventricular dysfunction respectively, to detect and to predict the development of anthracycline cardiotoxicity has been reviewed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:327–333. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary renal sarcomas in the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG) experience, 1972–2005: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Raney Beverly , Anderson James , Arndt Carola , Crist Willam , Maurer Harold , Qualman Stephen , Wharam Moody , Wiener Eugene , Meyer William 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPurposeTo describe clinical and pathologic characteristics and outcome of patients with renal sarcomas.Patients/MethodsThe IRSG database includes newly diagnosed patients <21 years old with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) or undifferentiated sarcoma (UDS). We identified patients with renal sarcoma and reviewed their charts.ResultsTen of the 5,746 eligible IRSG patients enrolled from 1972 to 2005 had primary renal embryonal RMS (N = 6) or UDS (N = 4). Anaplasia was present in six (60%) of the tumors. Patients' ages ranged from 2.6 to 17.8 years. Tumor diameters ranged from 7 to 15 cm (median, 12 cm). At diagnosis, seven patients had localized disease: four underwent complete removal of tumor (Group I), two had microscopic residual (Group II), and one had gross residual tumor (Group III). Three patients had distant metastases (Group IV) in lungs and bone. Nine patients received vincristine, actinomycin D and cyclophosphamide (VAC). Two Group I patients received no radiation therapy (XRT); others received XRT to the primary tumor and to some metastatic sites. Nine patients achieved complete disappearance of tumor, six due to the initial operation. Tumors recurred in lung (N = 2) or brain (N = 1) in Group IV patients; each died within 16 months. The Group III patient died of Aspergillus pneumonia. The six Group I and II patients survive, continuously disease‐free, at 2.7–17.3 years (median, 4.7 years).ConclusionsPatients with renal sarcomas often present with large tumors, many of them containing anaplastic features. Removing all gross disease at diagnosis, if feasible, is a critical component of treatment to curing patients with renal sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:339–343. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lethal graft‐versus‐host disease in congenital neutropenia caused by p14 deficiency after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an HLA‐identical sibling
Authors: Bohn Georg , Hardtke‐Wolenski Matthias , Zeidler Cornelia , Maecker Britta , Sauer Martin , Sykora Karl‐Walter , Grigull Lorenz , Welte Karl , Klein Christoph 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe molecular heterogeneity of severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is increasingly recognized and may influence the risk‐benefit assessment of therapeutic strategies. We report on a patient with p14 deficiency who succumbed to severe grade IV graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) after a human leukocyte antigen‐identical bone marrow transplantion (BMT) from a sibling donor. Before BMT, in vitro generated p14‐deficient dendritic cells showed a markedly elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐) α production upon toll‐like receptor stimulation. We hypothesize that p14 deficiency predisposes to GvHD through increased TNF‐α production. Adequate genetic testing is needed to prospectively assess potential risk factors for GvHD in defined SCN subgroups. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:436–438. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A photoswitchable thioxopeptide bond facilitates the conformation‐activity correlation study of insect kinin
Authors: Huang Yun , Cong Zhiyuan , Yang Longfei , Dong Shouliang 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThioxopeptide bond ψ[CS–N], a nearly isosteric modification of the native peptide bond, was introduced into insect kinin active core pentapeptide to evaluate the impact of backbonecis/transphotoswitching on bioactivity. The thioxo analog Phe1‐Tyr2‐ψ[CS–N]‐Pro3‐Trp4‐Gly5‐NH2(ψ[CS–N]2‐kinin), was synthesized by Fmoc solid‐phase peptide strategy. The reversible photoswitching property was characterized via spectroscopic methods and HPLC, which showed that thecisconformer increased from 15.7 to 47.7% after 254 nm UV irradiation. A slow thermal reisomerization (t1/2= 40 min) permitted us to determine the cockroach hindgut myotropic activity of the thioxopeptide in the photostationary state. The results indicated that the activity increased significantly after UV irradiation and recovered to the ground level after thermal re‐equilibration. In the present study, by utilizing the phototriggered isomerization in a specific position of peptide backbone, we revealed that thecisψ[CS–N]2‐kinin conformer is the active conformation when interacting with kinin receptor on cockroach hindgut. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipid interactions of acylated tryptophan‐methylated lactoferricin peptides by solid‐state NMR
Authors: Greathouse Denise , Vostrikov Vitaly , McClellan Nicole , Chipollini Juan , Lay Jack , Liyanage Rohana , Ladd Taylor 
Published: June 2008

AbstractLactoferricin (LfB) is a 25‐residue innate immunity peptide released by pepsin from the N‐terminal region of bovine lactoferrin. A smaller amidated peptide, LfB6 (RRWQWR‐NH2) retains antimicrobial activity and is thought to constitute the “antimicrobial active‐site” (Tomita, Acta Paediatr Jpn. 1994; 36: 585–91). Here we report on N‐acylation of 1‐Me‐Trp5‐LfB6, Cn‐RRWQ[1‐Me‐W]R‐NH2, where Cn is an acyl chain having n = 0, 2, 4, 6 or 12 carbons. Tryptophan 5 (Trp5) was methylated to enhance membrane binding and to allow for selective deuteration at that position. Peptide/lipid interactions of Cn‐RRWQ[1‐Me‐W]R‐NH2 (deuterated 1‐Me‐Trp5 underlined), were monitored by solid state 31P NMR and 2H NMR. The samples consisted of macroscopically oriented bilayers of mixed neutral (dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, DMPC) and anionic (dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol, DMPG) lipids in a 3:1 ratio with Cn‐RRWQ[&1‐Me‐W]R‐NH2 peptides added at a 1:25 peptide to lipid ratio. 2H‐NMR spectra reveal that the acylated peptides are well aligned in DMPC:DMPG bilayers. The 2H NMR quadrupolar splittings suggest that the 1‐Me‐Trp is located in a motionally restricted environment, indicating partial alignment at the membrane interface. 31P‐NMR spectra reveal that the lipids are predominantly in a bilayer configuration, with little perturbation by the peptides. Methylation alone, in C0‐RRWQ[1‐Me‐W]R‐NH2, resulted in a 3–4 fold increase in antimicrobial activity against E. coli. N‐acylation with a C12 fatty acid enhanced activity almost 90 fold. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intercomparison of the primal and dual formulations of variational data assimilation
Authors: El Akkraoui Amal , Gauthier Pierre , Pellerin Simon , Buis Samuel 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTwo approaches can be used to solve the variational data assimilation problem. The primal form corresponds to the 3D/4D‐Var used now in many operational NWP centres. An alternative approach, called dual or 3D/4D‐PSAS, consists in solving the problem in the dual of observation space. Both forms use the same basic operators so that once one method is developed, it should be possible to obtain the other easily provided these operators have a modular form. It has been shown that, with proper conditioning of the minimization problem, the two algorithms should have similar convergence rates and computational performances. In the presence of nonlinearities, the incremental form of 3D/4D‐Var extends the equivalence to the so‐called 3D/4D‐PSAS. The first objective of this paper is to present results obtained with the variational data assimilation of the Meteorological Service of Canada to show the equivalence between the 3D‐Var and the PSAS systems. This exercise has forced us to have a close look at the modularity of the operational 3D/4D‐Var which then makes it possible to obtain the 3D‐PSAS scheme. This paper then focuses on these two quadratic problems that show similar convergence rates. However, the minimization of 3D‐PSAS is examined more thoroughly as some parameters are shown to be determining elements in the minimization process. Lastly, preconditioning properties are studied and the Hessians of the two problems are shown to be directly related to one another through their singular vectors, which makes it possible to cycle the Hessian of the PSAS form. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Electrochemical mass spectrometric studies on 1‐cyclopropyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine
Authors: Castagnoli Neal , Bissel Philippe , Jurva Ulrik , Ashraf‐Khorasani Mehdi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMechanistic studies on chemical and biological one‐electron oxidations of cyclic tertiary allylamines are being pursued with the aid of an electrochemical‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometric based assay. The results of previous studies on the electrochemical oxidation of 1‐cyclopropyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine have documented a two‐electron oxidative N‐decyclopropylation pathway. The present paper describes the characterization of a second pathway involving an overall four‐electron oxidation of this cyclopropylamine. The results document more completely the fate of cyclopropylaminyl radical cations that are thought to be intermediates in enzyme‐catalyzed oxidations of aminyl substrates and that may lead to chemically reactive metabolites. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zur Leistungsfähigkeit, korrekten Anwendung und Kontrolle von EDV‐Programmen für die Berechnung räumlicher Stabwerke im Stahlbau (Teil 1)
Authors: Gensichen Volker , Lumpe Günter 
Published: June 2008

AbstractRäumliche Stabwerke aus Stahl werden in der Regel mit Hilfe von Statik‐Programmen berechnet, die auf einer baustatischen Theorie zweiter oder höherer Ordnung basieren. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ersatzimperfektionen geklärt, ob diese vereinfachten Theorien ausreichen und welche Erweiterungen erforderlich sind, um in allen Fällen für die Baupraxis hinreichend genaue Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Für Programm‐Hersteller und ‐Nutzer werden einfache Systeme angegeben, an denen die grundsätzliche Leistungsfähigkeit eines Statikprogramms mit geringem Aufwand überprüft werden kann. Ferner werden Hinweise zur korrekten Anwendung von Statikprogrammen gegeben.
Learning contexts, black Cultural Ethos, and the science achievement of African American students in an urban middle school
Authors: Parsons Eileen Carlton 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAs other countries vigorously promote rapid advancement in science, optimizing the participation of all students in the United States in science is imperative. This study focused on African American students and examined their science achievement in relation to Black Cultural Ethos (BCE), a construct rooted in psychology. Via qualitative and quantitative data obtained from a non‐random control group design, the study addressed three questions: (1) With respect to BCE, what characterizes the natural instructional contexts of two middle school science teachers? (2) What characterizes the achievement of African American students in contexts that incorporate BCE and contexts that do not? (3) What achievement patterns, if any, exist in BCE and non‐BCE instructional contexts? With regard to the natural contexts, the teachers did not incorporate BCE even when the opportunities were available to do so. Within these non‐BCE contexts, the group's mean scores on the study‐specific test that aligned with instruction decreased from pretest to posttest with approximately one‐third of the students' scores improving. When a context was altered with a moderate effect size of 0.47 to include BCE, the group's mean scores on the aforementioned test increased from pretest to posttest with two‐thirds of the students' scores improving. An illustration of the interplay between BCE and context and a consideration of the interplay as a mediating factor in research involving African American students encapsulate the significance and implications of the study's findings. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 665–683, 2008
S‐nitrosocysteine (RSNO), an effective antioxidant in cured meat
Authors: Kanner J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractS‐nitrosocysteine (RSNO), a compound which has been shown to be generated during the curing process of meat, was found to act as an antioxidant. The antioxidative activity of RSNO in an aqueous linoleate model system, in the presence of myoglobin, was compared with that of other known antioxidants, such as BHT and α‐tocopherol. The results indicated that RSNO has an antioxidative activity only slightly lower than that of BHT. During the initial stage of the reaction, RSNO acted not only as an inhibitor of linoleic acid oxidation, but also as a hydroperoxide decomposer. The high inhibitory effect of added RSNO (1mM/kg meat) on lipid oxidation in ground cooked turkey meat was demonstrated in the product itself.
Gas chromatographic determination of free fatty acids in vegetable oils by a modified esterification procedure
Authors: Chapman G. W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFree fatty acids in small vegetable oil samples were determined by gas liquid chromatography after a modified BCl3 or BF3/methanol esterification procedure with methylurea. This compound was found to sufficiently reduce triacylglyceride transesterification during free fatty acid esterification with BC13 or BF3 methanol. Good results were obtained using this new procedure on neutral lipid oils containing known amounts of free fatty acids. Good agreement between the new method and the A.O.C.S. titration method was also demonstrated on commercial and laboratory‐extracted crude oils. Because very small oil samples (200 mg) can be analyzed, the new method could be applicable for oilseed physiological studies.
Lipid composition of oats (Avena sativa L.)
Authors: Sahasrabudhe M. R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCompositions of lipids extracted from a sample of Hinoat oat by seven solvent systems and that extracted with chloroform/methanol (2:1 v/v) from six selected cultivars representing high and low lipid contents are reported. Lipid components (steryl esters, triglycerides, partial glycerides, free fatty acids, glycolipids and phospholipids) were separated by silicic acid column chromatography and thin layer chromatography and quantitated by GLC analysis of fatty acids and phosphorus determinations. Twelve oat cultivars were examined for the fatty acid composition of lipid extracted with n‐hexane. Lipids extracted from Hinoat by different solvent systems ranged from 5.6 to 8.8%. Quantitative distribution of lipid components extracted with chloroform/methanol from six cultivars containing 4.6 to 11.6% lipid showed a significant correlation (γ=0.99) between the total lipid and the neutral lipid content. Phospholipid content was similar in all cultivars, but glycolipids showed a two‐fold increase in high lipid oats. Triglycerides contained less palmitic and more oleic acid than the glycolipids or phospholipids. Nine glycolipids and 11 phospholipids have been identified, and the polar lipid composition of Hinoat oat is presented.