bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjustable and weak negative permittivity behavior in carbon nanofiber/poly(vinylidene fluoride) metacomposites
Authors: Ma Rongwei , Li Jia , Hu Zhiyuan , Cheng Chuanbing , Fan Runhua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMetacomposites with negative permittivity have advanced significantly in recent years, and yet the weak negative permittivity behavior is still not easily adjusted, which obstructs the advancement of metacomposites in electronic devices. Herein, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composites with different carbon nanofiber (CNF) contents were prepared to explore regulatory mechanism of weak negative permittivity behavior. As the CNF contents were low, the long‐range isolated nanofibers endowed the composites with hopping conductance, capacitance characteristic and positive permittivity. When the CNF contents reached the percolation threshold, many nanofibers were in close contact and enough conductive network was formed to generate metal‐like conductivity, inductance characteristic and negative permittivity. Interestingly, a weak negative permittivity behavior could be realized the composites with high CNF contents (5.94 ~ 17.48 wt%), and its magnitude could be precisely adjusted (−60 ~ −538). The weak negative permittivity behavior was imputed to the suppressed low‐frequency plasma state of free electron in the sparse CNF network. The PVDF could impede the formation of nanofiber network and tunneling effect between adjacent nanofibers, and thus the negative permittivity was weakly dependent on the CNF content. These findings suggested that the negative permittivity could be affected by the synergistic effect of both conductive filler and insulating matrix, offering a new thread of researches in adjusting weak negative permittivity behavior.Highlights
The weak negative permittivity behavior was observed in CNF/PVDF composites.
The magnitude of negative permittivity could be precisely adjusted.
Adjustable negative permittivity could be well explained by Drude model.
The synergistic effect of both CNF and PVDF affected negative permittivity.
Synthesis and characterization of silicon‐containing arylacetylene resins‐like heat‐resistant silane coupling agents: Enhancement of interfacial properties for composites
Authors: Zhu Huamei , Jin Chaoen , Wang Fan , Zhu Yaping , Deng Shifeng , Qi Huimin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSilicon‐containing arylacetylene (PSA)‐based composites show excellent heat resistance and dielectric properties, making them highly promising for applications in the aerospace and electronic information fields. However, the low polarity of PSAs and poor interfacial adhesion with fibers lead to weak mechanical properties of their composites. In this study, a novel PSAs‐like heat‐resistant silane coupling agent (P‐SCA) was synthesized through Grignard reagent condensation reaction and used to modify the surface of quartz fiber (QF). Due to the special chemical structure of P‐SCA, the siloxanes in P‐SCA can undergo dehydration condensation with silicon hydroxyl groups on the quartz fiber cloths and graft onto the surface, while the alkynes in P‐SCA can react with the PSAs resin, enhancing the interfacial bonding by forming strong mechanical interlocking and chemical bonds. The composite prepared by quartz fiber cloth treated with 3.5 wt% P‐SCA (QF@3.5%P‐SCA) shows that the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and flexural strength are 21.0 and 270.6 MPa at room temperature, respectively, which have increased by 32.1% and 63.2%, respectively. And at 500°C, the ILSS and flexural strength are 9.3 and 131.7 MPa, increasing by 44.3% and 50.7%, respectively. The mechanical properties of QF@P‐SCA/PSA composites are significantly improved while maintaining their excellent heat resistance.Hightlights
A heat‐resistant silane coupling agent with alkynes was synthesized.
The high temperature resistant interface is constructed by the coupling agent.
Mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding can occur at the interface.
The composites showed good mechanical properties at elevated temperature.
Addressing Ethnicity in the Design and Evaluation of an Educational Intervention on Interindividual Variation in Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Koenig Jennifer A. , Olafuyi Olusola , Patel Rakesh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInterindividual variation in pharmacokinetics can occur due to diet, environmental or lifestyle factors, underlying pathology, and gene variants, typically single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genetic mechanisms have received the most attention in research and education about ethnic differences in pharmacokinetics. Making this connection between genetics and ethnicity is problematic because it could reinforce the erroneous idea that there is a biological basis to ethnicity. The aim of this work was to design an educational intervention about interindividual variation in pharmacokinetics, explore how students perceive ethnicity and genetic differences prior to the educational intervention, and then assess the impact of the intervention and whether it could influence any misconceptions students might have about ethnicity and genetic similarity. Through the use of questionnaires and focus groups, we found that students typically refer to ethnicity to mean culture and place of origin, whereas in the pharmacological literature, ethnicity is synonymous with racial groups, that is, Black, White, and Asian. Prior to the educational intervention, students tended to expect a genetic mechanism for ethnic differences in drug metabolism and this was reduced after the intervention when a range of other nongenetic mechanisms were presented for interindividual variation. However, students' views about possible underlying mechanisms for ethnic differences in hypertension and about ethnicity more generally were unaffected by the intervention. This highlights the importance of reevaluating the way ethnicity is presented across the medical and medical sciences curriculums to be clear that ethnicity is socially constructed and avoid implying a biological basis.
Mechanical Gain Enhanced Propagation of Light in a Hybrid Spin‐Mechanical System
Authors: Chen Hua‐Jun , Sun Yi , Zheng Di‐Di , Pan Gui‐Xia 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe spin‐mechanical hybrid systems provide a potential platform to reach quantum science and technology, but practical applications with such hybrid quantum systems need the integration of more physical units. In the article, a multi‐mode spin‐mechanical hybrid quantum system is proposed with two‐mode coupling nanomechanical carbon nanotube (CNT) resonators, in which one CNT resonator is loss and the other CNT resonator can be loss, neutral, or gain. The two carbon nanotube (CNT) resonators can interact through a phase‐dependent phonon‐exchange mechanism, which couples them to the same nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond via magnetomechanical effects. By modulating the phase of phonon–phonon coupling and leveraging the Fano‐like resonance phenomenon, double electromagnetically induced transparency can be achieved in this system. This is accompanied by rapid dispersion, resulting in subtle advancements or delays in light propagation. The group index can be manipulated and periodically switched by tuning the modulation phase, with fast‐ and slow‐light effects being particularly pronounced when one CNT resonator is in an active (gain) state compared to lossy or neutral states. This study establishes a foundation for the application of phonon‐mediated optical information storage and processing.
Engineering Topological States and Quantum‐Inspired Information Processing Using Classical Circuits
Authors: Chen Tian , Zhang Weixuan , Zou Deyuan , Sun Yifan , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBased on the correspondence between circuit Laplacian and Schrodinger equations, recent investigations have shown that classical electric circuits can be used to simulate various topological physics and Schrödinger's equation. Furthermore, a series of quantum‐inspired information processing has been implemented by using classical electric circuit networks. In this review, the similarity between the circuit Laplacian and the lattice Hamiltonian is analyzed, with topological physics introduced based on classical circuits. Subsequently, reviews of the research progress in quantum‐inspired information processing based on the electric circuit are provided, including discussions of topological quantum computing with classical circuits, quantum walk based on classical circuits, quantum combinational logics based on classical circuits, electric‐circuit realization of fast quantum search, implementing unitary transforms and so on.
Deterministic Implementation of SWAP Gates and CSWAP Gates Using Rydberg Atoms Via Transitionless Quantum Driving
Authors: Wang Jie , Ji Yan‐Qiang , Wang Ji‐Ping , Yang Li‐Ping , Dong Li , Xiu Xiao‐Ming 
Published: February 2025

AbstractQuantum logic gates are the fundamental operational units in quantum computing. The SWAP gate, as an important two‐qubit logic gate, has long been the focus of scholars for seeking to achieve high‐fidelity implementations. This study proposes a scheme for realizing a SWAP gate using Rydberg atoms. The scheme ingeniously utilizes the interactions between Rydberg atoms to construct the model and combines the “transitionless quantum driving” algorithm to design the control laser. Numerical simulations show that this scheme not only achieves a high‐fidelity SWAP gate but also robust against experimental imperfections such as atomic spontaneous emission. At last, this scheme is extended to realize CSWAP gate.
Flow Matters: Unravelling the Interactive Influences of Flow Variation and Non‐Native Trout on Vulnerable Galaxiids
Authors: Hore Olivia R. , Tonkin Jonathan D. , Boddy Nixie C. , McIntosh Angus R. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the interactive effects of non‐native species and alterations to flow regimes is important to combat threats to freshwater communities. Low‐flow conditions may either exacerbate or offset influences of non‐natives but the mechanisms determining the direction are poorly understood. We evaluated how stream drying affected interactions between vulnerable native stream‐resident galaxiids and non‐native trout in Aotearoa, New Zealand. We electrofished (December–March) paired perennial and drying reaches containing galaxiids (Galaxias vulgaris and G. paucispondylus) to compare abundance and growth rates in streams with high abundance (n = 2), low abundance (n = 2) or no brown trout (n = 3; Salmo trutta). Low flows greatly reduced trout abundance and size, likely reducing predatory threats to galaxiids since risk is size‐related. Galaxiid densities were consistently lower in drying compared to perennial reaches of troutless streams. However, galaxiids were less affected by low flows than trout, setting the scene for an interaction between trout and low flow. In streams with high numbers of trout, galaxiid numbers were very low in perennial reaches, whereas they were moderate in drying reaches. That meant galaxiid numbers increased with a decreasing flow in streams with many trout, an indirect positive effect, although their abundance never reached the high levels of trout‐free perennial reaches. In low‐density trout streams, there were no clear differences in galaxiid abundance between reaches of different flow types. Thus, the effects of trout on galaxiids depended on the flow regime, likely driven by harsh low‐flow conditions suppressing large trout, which were more sensitive to low flow than galaxiids. Galaxiid growth rates actually increased with conspecific densities in trout streams, whereas growth rates decreased with increasing galaxiid densities in troutless streams. Thus, growth advantages for galaxiids in the presence of trout possibly helped drive these low‐flow effects on their populations in trout streams, potentially via an attractive sink‐type mechanism. Overall, although low‐flow conditions likely reduced predatory effects of non‐natives and may have indirectly bolstered growth rates of natives, populations of natives were also suppressed by low flow. Such interactive effects of flow reduction are likely common and appear controlled by relative vulnerability and size‐structured interactions and will be key to balancing the maintenance of natural flows with minimising effects of non‐native sports fish. Flow depletion might create some refuge for native fishes in the presence of a non‐native, but net effects could still be worse than no flow depletion as we observed. Thus, it will be important to ascertain how flow‐depleted reaches affect the long‐term persistence of native fish populations before relaying on flow reduction to suppress non‐natives.
Nanoceria Supported Copper Salophen Nanomaterial (Cu(II)Salophen@APTES/CeO2) for Catalytic Reduction of Organic Dye
Authors: Ghosh Srabanti , Mallik Tapas , Roy Mahendra Nath , Ekka Deepak 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this work, preparation of a heterojunction nano catalyst has been reported by the fabrication of Cu(II) Salophen complex to nano ceria (CeO2) through a silica linkage 3‐Aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), which is easily separable by centrifugation. The nanocatalyst was characterized by FTIR, XRD, HRTEM, and EDX analysis. The catalytic activity of the synthesized catalyst was examined for the reduction of organic dyes methyl orange and methyl red in aqueous medium at room temperature. The dye solutions became colorless within a very short period of time in presence of synthesized catalyst and NaBH4 as a source of hydride ions. The reduction process for both the dyes followed pseudo first‐order reaction kinetics with a high catalytic efficiency.
Proteins for Hyperelastic Materials
Authors: Su Rui , Ma Chao , Han Bing , Zhang Hongjie , Liu Kai 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMeticulous engineering and the yielded hyperelastic performance of structural proteins represent a new frontier in developing next‐generation functional biomaterials. These materials exhibit outstanding and programmable mechanical properties, including elasticity, resilience, toughness, and active biological characteristics, such as degradability and tissue repairability, compared with their chemically synthetic counterparts. However, there are several critical issues regarding the preparation approaches of hyperelastic protein‐based materials: limited natural sequence modules, non‐hierarchical assembly, and imbalance between compressive and tensile elasticity, leading to unmet demands. Therefore, it is pivotal to develop an alternative strategy for biofabricating hyperelastic materials. Herein, the molecular design, engineering, and property regulation of hyperelastic structural proteins are overviewed. First, methodologies for deeper exploration of mechanical modules, including machine learning‐aided de novo design, random mutations of natural sequences, and multiblock fusion techniques, are actively introduced. These methodologies facilitate the generation of elastomeric protein modules and demonstrate enhanced structural and functional versatility. Subsequently, assembly tactics of hyperelastic proteins (i.e., physical modulation, genetic adaptations, and chemical modifications) are reviewed, yielding hierarchically ordered structures. Finally, advances in biophysical techniques for more nuanced characterization of protein ensembles are discussed, unveiling the tuning mechanisms of protein elasticity across scales. Future developments in structural hyperelastic protein‐based biomaterials are also envisioned.
A New Combined Computational and Experimental Approach to Characterize Photoactive Conjugated 3D Polymers
Authors: Mollart Catherine , Heasman Patrick , Sherrett Ellena , Fletcher Peter A. T. J , Fayon Pierre , Thomas Jens M. H. , Franckevičius Villius , Peach Michael J. G. , Trewin Abbie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA tractable new computational protocol is proposed to elucidate oligomeric‐scale detail from experimental spectra, providing insight into the local and longer‐range electronic and molecular structures of amorphous materials. The protocol uses an in‐house code Ambuild to grow kinetically‐controlled representative oligomeric clusters of an amorphous polymeric material. Generating many clusters, the statistical prevalence of different structural motifs is identified, and used to develop a ‘subset’ of structures that capture a broad range of important morphologies. Subsequent electronic structure calculations allow the prediction of IR, NMR, and UV–vis spectra of the bulk materials, providing significant insight into oligomeric scale topologies and helping develop structure–property relationships by identifying the underlying structural origins of different spectral features observed experimentally. Two known, and two novel, pyrene‐based conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are synthesized and characterized as a test bed for this newly‐proposed protocol. Meaningful IR, NMR, and UV–vis absorption spectral data, and experimentally comparable computationally derived spectra are obtained. Whilst IR and NMR reliably probe the local environment, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy is found to be particularly sensitive to the longer‐range structural motifs observed on an oligomeric scale, providing significant structural insight into the synthesized materials with reasonable computational cost.
Fractal Scaling in the Gas‐Phase Agglomeration of Nanowires
Authors: Abomailek Nabil , Gómez‐Palos Isabel , Carnicero Cristian , Murillo María , Schäufele Richard , Qiao Rulan , Boies Adam , Vilatela Juan J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAssembling 1D nanoparticles (nanowires (NW) or nanotubes) as networks enables bridging multiple scales to form macroscopic materials such as fibers, sheets and electrodes. This can be done directly in the gas phase from 1D nanoparticle aerosols grown by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD). In FCCVD nanowires/nanotubes grow to high aspect ratios (102–106) floating in a gas stream and can agglomerate to form an aerogel. This work studies the agglomeration of Si nanowires by scanning electron microscopy of samples taken from the gas downstream of the reaction zone, and through simulations with a Brownian collision algorithm to form agglomerate models. In the experimental analysis of over 312 samples no individualized NWs are found, only agglomerates. This is consistent with the fast binary collision rates of 0.24 s estimated. The agglomerates show “fractal” scaling, with a fractional dimension Df of 1.8 and agglomerate size increasing with the number of nanowires to the power of 1/Df, consistent with a diffusion limited cluster aggregation process. Formation of a nanowire aerogel involves percolation of agglomerates, therefore occurring at much lower volume fraction than for individualized particles considering excluded volume theory. Compared to FCCVD carbon nanotubes of higher aspect ratio, these SiNWs require longer residence time for gelation.
Granular Interfaces in TENGs: The Role of Close‐Packed Polymer Bead Monolayers for Energy Harvesters
Authors: Jimidar Ignaas S. M. , Mālnieks Kaspars , Sotthewes Kai , Sherrell Peter C. , Šutka Andris 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOver the last decade, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are proposed as a viable alternative to address the impetus for affordable and clean energy. Here, a novel, cost‐effective granular‐based TENG comprising two electrodes covered with HCP monolayers of monodisperse polymer (PMMA, PS, and MF‐resin) beads with diameters ranging between 0.5 and 10 µm is proposed. These monolayers are attained in <20 s by employing a solvent‐free particle rubbing assembly technique on fluorocarbon‐coated substrates. The performance of the proposed granular‐based TENG is characterized using contact‐separation (CS) experiments by changing the bead sizes (topography effects) and the polymer material (mechanical properties). These findings show that when identical polymer material is utilized, large beads charged negatively, and the small beads positively, coinciding with bulk polymer film reports. In addition, the MF particles always charge positively and show the highest charging due to their relatively higher Young's modulus. The results elucidate that a specific pair's surface charge density is enhanced when one of the electrodes is covered with the smaller bead with the highest Young's modulus, highlighting that mechanical properties dominate and that a substantial difference in size benefits the output. The stable performance of the TENG devices after 10 000 cycles corroborates its robustness.
Dimensional Design of Cellulose Aerogels with Schottky Contact for Efficient Microwave Absorption
Authors: Zhu Congcong , An Xiaopeng , Wang Jingna , Chen Yikun , Nan Kai , Wang Yan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCellulose aerogels, as a novel class of carbon‐based materials, exhibit immense potential in the field of microwave absorption (MWA) due to their biocompatibility, low density, unique porous structure, and tunable architecture. However, the development of multi‐dimensional components with specialized heterogeneous structures, which are based on cellulose aerogels, remains a significant challenge. This 0D/1D/3D structural configuration facilitates tunable electromagnetic properties and favorable impedance matching. The Schottky contact at the ZnO/Ni interface, in particular, induces a strong interfacial polarization, and the multi‐dimensional structural design results in multiple heterointerfaces. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the unique Schottky contact induces a Schottky barrier that causes band bending, facilitating the directed migration of electrons at the interface and the formation of an internal electric field, thus significantly accelerating the multipolar relaxation process. As anticipated, the CCMC/ZnO@Ni aerogel exhibits a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of −64.0 dB at 13.9 GHz at a thickness of 2.0 mm, and its effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) reaches 4.9 GHz. This work gives valuable guidance and inspiration for the design of multi‐dimensional materials that are composed of dimensional gradient structures, which holds great application potential for electromagnetic wave (EMW) attenuation.
Anionic‐Based Layered Oxide Cathodes with High Electrochemical Performance through Dual‐Site Substitutions for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Thanwisai Panya , Yang Songge , Yao Zeyi , Meng Zifei , Hou Jiahui , Vanaphuti Panawan , Sultanov Maksim , Wen Jianguo , Yang Zhenzhen , Zhong Yu , Wang Yan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMn‐rich layered oxide cathodes with anionic redox promise high energy density for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to ultra‐high capacity derived from both Mn and O redox couples. Nevertheless, instability of the reactions that lead to poor electrochemical stability hinders the cathodes from practical applications. Here, the Al and Zn dual‐site substitution strategy is proposed to enhance electrochemical performance. The designed cathode, Na0.73Zn0.03Li0.25Mn0.76Al0.01O2 (AlZn), delivers a high discharge capacity of 242 mAh g−1 with an impressive rate capability (162 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1) and excellent capacity retention (89.69% over 150 cycles). In addition, full‐cell SIB based on AlZn coupled with hard carbon exhibits a high energy density of 317 Wh kg−1 (based on both cathode and anode mass) and a reasonable capacity retention of 80.8% after 250 cycles. Revealed by advanced investigations, the synergy of robust Al–O in TM layers and O–Zn–O pillars in Na layers helps alleviate severe inactive spinel/rock‐salt phase transformation and intragranular cracks in the AlZn cathode. This consequently leads to greatly enhanced electrochemical performance over the pristine cathode. This work provides insight into improving electrochemical properties of anionic‐redox‐based layered oxides by Al/Zn co‐substitutions toward high‐energy SIBs.