bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term results of survival in patients with thalassemia major treated with bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Di Bartolomeo Paolo , Santarone Stella , Di Bartolomeo Erminia , Olioso Paola , Bavaro Pasqua , Papalinetti Gabriele , Di Carlo Paolo , Papola Franco , Nicolucci Antonio , Di Nicola Marta , Iacone Antonio 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAllogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the only available curative approach for thalassemia major, although long‐term morbidity and mortality are not established. The aim of this study was to assess the long‐term clinical and hematological results in children and adults with thalassemia major treated with BMT. We analyzed the outcome of 115 patients (median age 9 years, range 11 months to 28 years) with thalassemia major undergoing BMT from a related donor between 1983 and 2006. All patients received the same protocol, consisting of busulfan and cyclophoshamide as conditioning therapy and cyclosporin (CSA) alone or CSA and methotrexate for graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis. The cumulative probability of graft rejection was 6.7%. The transplant‐related mortality at 1 year was 8.7%. The 20‐year Kaplan‐Meier estimate of overall survival and disease‐free survival was 89.2% and 85.7%, respectively. Ninety‐nine patients out of 103 survivors were in excellent clinical and hematological conditions at last visit following a median follow‐up of 15 years (range, 1–24 years) with the exception of two patients who had invalidating chronic GvHD. This study conducted with a large cohort of patients and covering a long period of observation time, showed BMT to be curative for the majority of patients with thalassemia major. The impact of long‐term transplant‐related sequelae was very limited. Am. J. Hematol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone marrow glycophorin‐positive erythroid cells of myelodysplastic patients responding to high‐dose rHuEPO therapy have a different gene expression pattern from those of nonresponders
Authors: Cortelezzi Agostino , Colombo Gualtiero , Pellegrini Caterina , Silvestris Ilaria , Moronetti Mazzeo Lorenza , Bosari Silvano , Lambertenghi Deliliers Giorgio , Fracchiolla Nicola Stefano 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe main clinical problems of low‐risk patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), as defined by the International Prognostic Scoring System, are infections and the need for frequent transfusions due to ineffective myelopoiesis and peripheral blood cytopenia. Promising results in treating MDS‐related anemia have been obtained using high‐dose recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO). To evaluate the molecular basis of the response to rhEPO, we used commercially available macro‐arrays to investigate gene expression profiles in the glycophorin‐expressing (Gly+) bone marrow (BM) erythroid cells of five responders (ERs) and five non‐responders (ENRs) to rhEPO treatment. The cells were separated by means of positive selection using an immunomagnetic procedure, after which flow cytometry showed that their purity was more than 97% in all cases. The array data were validated by means of real time RT‐PCR. The results showed that the genes responsible for proliferation/differentiation and DNA repair/stability were repressed in the BM Gly+erythroid cells of the ENRs, but almost normally expressed in the ERs. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in signal transduction suggested that the activity of the MAPK signaling pathway is inhibited in ERs. The different gene expression profiles of ERs and ENRs may provide a basis for early gene testing as a means of predicting the response to rhEPO of MDS patients with low endogenous EPO levels. Am. J. Hematol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selenium‐Containing Heterocycles: Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities of Some New 4‐Methylquinoline‐2(1H) Selenone Derivatives
Authors: Abdel‐Hafez Shams H. , Hussein Mostafa A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSeveral selenolo[2,3‐b]quinolines and pyrimido[4′,5′:4,5]selenolo[2,3‐b]quinolines were prepared by annulations via reaction of NaSeH with 2‐chloro‐3‐cyano‐4‐methylquinoline 1 followed by reactions with aromatic aldehydes, cycloalkanones, and acetic anhydride. Spectroscopic (IR, 1H‐NMR, and MS) properties of the synthesized compounds are reported. Some selected compounds 5a, 7b, 7c, 8b–d, 9a, 11b, and 11d were investigated for their anti‐inflammatory and analgesic activities; in addition, the most active compounds were tested for their ulcerogenicity and acute toxicity. Moreover, some of the test compounds 7c, 9a, 11b, and 11d were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities.
α‐Alkyl Substituted Pirinixic Acid Derivatives as Potent Dual Agonists of the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Alpha and Gamma
Authors: Rau Oliver , Syha Yvonne , Zettl Heiko , Kock Michael , Bock Andreas , Schubert‐Zsilavecz Manfred 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPAR) are nuclear receptors, playing a pivotal role in energy homeostasis. Activators of the PPARα subtype are in widespread use for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, while activators of the PPARγ subtype are in clinical use for the treatment of type‐2 diabetes. Since both of these diseases are frequently associated, the combined treatment with one drug simultaneously activating PPARα and PPARγ seems worthwhile. Starting with pirinixic acid, which is a moderately active dual PPARα/γ agonist, we improved potency at the human PPARα and PPARγ by substituting the α‐position with an aliphatic chain. The maximal effect was achieved at a chain length of four and six carbons, respectively, leading to an activity induction by a factor of 36 for PPARα and 18 for PPARγ, respectively.
Extragalactic X‐ray surveys: AGN physics and evolution
Authors: Comastri A. , Brusa M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe review the most important findings on AGN physics and cosmological evolution as obtained by extragalactic X‐ray surveys and associated multiwavelength observations. We briefly discuss the perspectives for future enterprises and in particular the scientific case for an extremely deep (2–3 Ms) XMM survey. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The X‐ray‐infrared/submillimetre connection and the legacy era of cosmology
Authors: Alexander D. M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe review some recent results on the identification and characterisation of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) obtained by cross correlating X‐ray surveys with infrared and submillimetre surveys. We also look toward the scientific gains that could be achieved from an XMM‐Newton survey of the medium‐deep legacy fields that are being observed at ≈ 1–850 μm. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The XMM‐LSS cluster sample and its cosmological applications: Prospects for the XMM next decade
Authors: Pierre M. , Pacaud F. , Melin J.B. , XMM‐LSS consortium  
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe well defined selection function of the XMM‐LSS surveys enables a simultaneous modelling of the observed cluster number counts and of the evolution of the LX‐TX relation. We present results pertaining to the first 5 deg2 for a well controlled sample comprising 30 objects: they are compatible with the WMAP3 parameter set along with cluster selfsimilar evolution. Extending such a survey to 200 deg2 would (1) allow discriminating between the major scenarios of the cluster LX‐TX evolution and (2) provide a unique self‐sufficient determination of σ8 and Γ with an accuracy of ∼5% and 10% respectively, when adding mass information from weak lensing and S‐Z observations. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Planck cluster survey
Authors: Bartlett J.G. , Chamballu A. , Melin J.‐B. , Arnaud M. , Members of the Planck Working  
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe Planck Satellite will survey the entire sky in 9 millimeter/submillimeter bands and detect thousands of galaxy clusters via their thermal Sunyaev‐Zel'dovich (SZ) effect. The unprecedented volume of the survey will permit the construction of a unique catalog of massive clusters out to redshifts of order unity. We describe the expected contents of this catalog and use an empirical model of the intra‐cluster gas to predict the X‐ray properties of Planck SZ clusters. Using this information we show how a ∼10 Ms follow‐up program on XMM‐Newton could increase by ∼100‐fold the number of clusters with measured temperatures in the redshift range z = 0.5–1. Such a large sample of well‐studied massive clusters at these redshifts would be a powerful cosmological tool and a significant legacy for XMM‐Newton. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Active galaxies
Authors: Matt G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this paper I will review, in an unavoidably incomplete and biased way, the main results obtained by XMM‐Newton on Active Galactic Nuclei. I will then highlight the major issues still open in which XMM‐Newton can still give important contributions, expecially if the observing programs will shift in the future towards more long exposures of single objects and observations of large samples. I will also argue in favour of a legacy program consisting of good S/N observations of a flux‐limited, sizeable sample of AGN. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High spectral resolution X‐ray observations of AGN
Authors: Kaastra J.S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA brief overview of some highlights of high spectral resolution X‐ray observations of AGN is given, mainly obtained with the RGS of XMM‐Newton. Future prospects for such observations with XMM‐Newton are given. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Galactic X‐ray source populations
Authors: Motch C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe landscape of Galactic X‐ray sources made of accreting binaries, isolated objects and active stellar coronae has been significantly modified by the advent of the Chandra, XMM‐Newton and INTEGRAL satellites. New types of relatively low X‐ray luminosity X‐ray binaries have been unveiled in the Galactic disc, while deep observations of the central regions have revealed large numbers of X‐ray binaries of so far poorly constrained nature. Because of the high spatial resolution needed and faint X‐ray luminosities generally emitted, studying the dependency of the X‐ray source composition with parent stellar population, Galactic disc, bulge, nuclear bulge, etc., is only practicable in our Galaxy. The evolutionary links between low LX X‐ray binaries and classical X‐ray luminous accreting systems are still open in many cases. In addition, the important question of the nature of the compact sources contributing to the Galactic ridge hard X‐ray emission remains unresolved. We review the most important results gathered by XMM‐Newton over the last years in this domain and show how future observations could be instrumental in addressing several of these issues. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The X‐ray source population of the Andromeda galaxy M 31
Authors: Pietsch W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFirst studies of the X‐ray source population of M 31 were performed with the Einstein Observatory and ROSAT. High resolution Chandra Observatory images not only spatially resolved the center area but also supernova remnants (SNRs) in the galaxy. Source catalogues of restricted areas were presented with high astrometric accuracy. Also luminosity function studies and studies of individual sources based on Chandra and XMM‐Newton observations led to a better knowledge of the X‐ray source population. An XMM‐Newton source catalog based on archival observations revealed more than 850 sources down to a 0.2–4.5 keV luminosity of 1035 erg s–1. EPIC hardness ratios as well as informations from earlier X‐ray, optical, and radio catalogues were used to distinguish between different source classes (SNRs, supersoft sources (SSSs), X‐ray binaries (XRBs), globular cluster sources within M 31, and foreground stars and objects in the background). However, many sources could only be classified as “hard”. These sources may either be XRBs or Crab‐like SNRs in M 31 or background sources. Two of the globular cluster sources could be identified as low mass XRBs with a neutron star as compact object as they showed type I X‐ray bursts. Many of the SSSs were identified as optical novae. Inspired by these results an XMM‐Newton survey of the entire D25 disk of M 31 and a dedicated program to monitor X‐ray counterparts of optical novae in M 31 was started. We discuss implications for further nearby galaxy studies. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
X‐Ray observations of the Galactic Centre with Suzaku
Authors: Koyama K. , Hyodo Y. , Inui T. , Nobukawa M. , Mori H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe report on the diffuse X‐ray emission from the Galactic Centre (GCDX) observed with the X‐ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) on board the Suzaku satellite. The highly accurate energy calibration and extremely low background of the XIS provide many new facts on the GCDX. These are (1) the origin of the lines at 6.7 and 7.0 keV is collisional excitation in a hot plasma, (2) the discovery of new SNR and super‐bubble candidates, (3) most of the 6.4 keV line is X‐ray fluorescence, and (4) time variability of the 6.4 keV line is found from the Sgr B2 complex. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The XMM‐Newton view of magnetars
Authors: Mereghetti S. , Tiengo A. , Esposito P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAnomalous X‐ray Pulsars and Soft Gamma‐ray Repeaters are believed to be magnetars: isolated neutron stars powered by the decay of extremely high magnetic fields. We review some of the main results obtained with XMM‐Newton and discuss the prospects for future observations of this small but extremely interesting class of objects. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Constraining the neutron star equation of state using XMM‐Newton
Authors: Jonker P.G. , Kaastra J. , Méndez M. , In't Zand J. J. M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe have identified three possible ways in which future XMM‐Newton observations can provide significant constraints on the equation of state of neutron stars. First, using a long observation of the neutron star X‐ray transient Cen X‐4 in quiescence one can use the RGS spectrum to constrain the interstellar extinction to the source. This removes this parameter from the X‐ray spectral fitting of the pn and MOS spectra and allows us to investigate whether the variability observed in the quiescent X‐ray spectrum of this source is due to variations in the soft thermal spectral component or variations in the power law spectral component coupled with variations in NH. This will test whether the soft thermal spectral component can indeed be due to the hot thermal glow of the neutron star. Potentially such an observation could also reveal redshifted spectral lines from the neutron star surface. Second, XMM‐Newton observations of radius expansion type I Xray bursts might reveal redshifted absorption lines from the surface of the neutron star. Third, XMM‐Newton observations of eclipsing quiescent low‐mass X‐ray binaries provide the eclipse duration. With this the system inclination can be determined accurately. The inclination determined from the X‐ray eclipse duration in quiescence, the rotational velocity of the companion star and the semi‐amplitude of the radial velocity curve determined through optical spectroscopy, yield the neutron star mass. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Doing physics in star‐forming regions with XMM‐Newton
Authors: Montmerle T. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractStar‐forming regions have been observed in X‐rays since the first generation of satellites in the late 70s. They are very rich in magnetically‐controlled X‐ray phenomena: stellar flares and star‐disk interactions in hundreds of T Tauri stars, confined winds in massive stars, etc. More recently, in a few low‐mass stars, X‐ray evidence has been found for accretion shocks. Even if it is not dominant, when it is found the influence of the circumstellar environment on X‐ray emission gives precious clues on the magnetic structure in the vicinity of young stars. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
X‐rays from young stars: A summary of highlights from the XMM‐Newton Extended Survey of the Taurus Molecular Cloud (XEST)
Authors: Güdel M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe XMM‐Newton Extended Survey of the Taurus Molecular Cloud (XEST) is a survey of the nearest large star‐forming region, the Taurus Molecular Cloud (TMC), making use of all instruments on board the XMM‐Newton X‐ray observatory. The survey, presently still growing, has provided unprecedented spectroscopic results from nearly every observed T Tauri star, and from ≈50% of the studied brown dwarfs and protostars. The survey includes the first coherent statistical sample of high‐resolution spectra of T Tauri stars, and is accompanied by an U ‐band/ultraviolet imaging photometric survey of the TMC. XEST led to the discovery of new, systematic X‐ray features not possible before with smaller samples, in particular the X‐ray soft excess in classical T Tauri stars and the Two‐Absorber X‐ray (TAX) spectra of jet‐driving T Tauri stars. This paper summarizes highlights from XEST and reviews the key role of this large project. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
X‐ray spectroscopy of early‐type stars: The present and the future
Authors: Rauw G. , Nazé Y. , Oskinova L.M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractXMM‐Newton and Chandra have boosted our knowledge about the X‐ray emission of early‐type stars (spectral types OB and Wolf‐Rayet). However, there are still a number of open questions that need to be addressed in order to fully understand the X‐ray spectra of these objects. Many of these issues require high‐resolution spectroscopy or monitoring of a sample of massive stars. Given the moderate X‐ray brightness of these targets, rather long exposure times are needed to achieve these goals. In this contribution, we review our current knowledge in this field and present some hot topics that could ideally be addressed with XMM‐Newton over the next decade. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A scientific case for XMM‐Newton continuation
Authors: McBreen B. , Schartel N. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe presentations made at the workshop “XMM‐Newton: The Next Decade”, held at ESAC from 4th to the 6th of July 2007, contained an overwhelming amount of new results and well justified scientific questions that can be addressed by observations with XMM‐Newton. XMM‐Newton has over the next decade a solid scientific case. Given the high impact of X‐ray observations, XMM‐Newton operations are not only a matter for “X‐ray astrophysics”, but also of fundamental importance for astrophysics in general. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Direct use of vegetable oil and animal fat as alternative fuel in internal combustion engine
Authors: Mondal Pinaki , Basu Manisha , Balasubramanian N. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractGradual depletion of world petroleum reserves and the impact of environmental pollution of increasing exhaust emissions lead to the search for a suitable alternative fuels for diesel engines. The substitution of conventional fuels (gasoline, diesel) by renewable biofuels is considered a potential way to reduce pollution and to support the sustainable development of a country. Direct use of vegetable oil and animal fat is a promising alternative to solve these problems. An exhaustive review of the experiments in this area, carried out by several researchers in last three decades, is presented here. Different problems associated with the direct use of vegetable oil and animal fat and potential solutions from both public and private sectors are discussed. Some engine manufacturers have started to launch full‐warranty engines with vegetable oil as fuel. It is expected that the competitive engine market will witness more intense research, resulting in the launch of more vegetable‐oil engines with full warranties. The steep rise in food prices in recent years is concerning policy‐makers and has raised the old ‘food vs fuel’ debate. It has been concluded that vegetable oil can probably only substitute small to medium portions of petroleum‐based fuel due to future severe land‐usage competition from food sector. This calls for intense research initiatives into the production of suitable fuel from non‐edible vegetable oil, grown in wasteland. In this regard, genetic engineering may prove to be extremely effective in developing ‘designer fuel’. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Management practices in Australasian ethical investment products: a role for regulation?
Authors: Haigh Matthew , Guthrie James 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper adds to the literatures on socially responsible investment (SRI), investment management, regulation of financial services and social accounting by providing a comprehensive survey of investment methods used in SRI products and regulated social reporting in financial services. Australian and New Zealand regulations require issuers of self‐declarative SRI products to provide details on methods used in portfolio construction. Regulators' objectives to standardize the reporting of portfolio construction and thus improve its comparability were identified by examination of parliamentary debates and other public reports. Portfolio construction styles of 86 SRI products managed by 63 financial institutions in Australia and New Zealand were chosen for analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify associations between styles, construction methods and assessment techniques over a four‐year period: 2004–2007. These aspects were further examined in 18 case studies. Over the period, diversity and intensity of construction methods had increased both within and between investment managers. The non‐standard nature of management consultation used in SRI products, marketing needs to distinguish rather than standardize investment methods and the types of information thought relevant to clients did not reconcile easily with the types of information required by regulation. The more recent products in the sample tended to reference market indexes in portfolio construction, separate social considerations from financial considerations and delegate qualitative assessments of invested companies. Consumer policy implications arise from questions bearing on the integrity of information attached to investment products and the effective monitoring of delegated investment processes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A virtual instrument for detecting spatial saliencies: An electric machinery laboratory experience
Authors: Zamarrón Antonio , Arjona M. A. , Briz Fernando , Guerrero Juan Manuel 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis article describes a virtual instrument (VI) that detects spatial saliencies in induction machines. As a teacher, it is easy to show the saliency in synchronous and buried permanent magnet machines, but it is difficult to illustrate that induction machines can have saliencies because they are usually considered as non‐salient. It is even more difficult to teach students that induction motor saliencies can give useful information to estimate speed and rotor position without using speed or position sensors. The developed VI has been used by students to identify the different types of saliencies in induction machines at the laboratory of electric machinery. Excellent results have been achieved by using this computer‐based teaching tool. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 16: 62–71, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20123