bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer and cancer education— opinions of some secondary school teachers in Northern England
Authors: Charlton Anne 
Published: March 2007

TO PROVIDE information about teachers' attitudes to cancer and cancer education, a questionnaire survey of 131 men and 60 women teachers was conducted in 1974 in five comprehensive schools in northern England. These teachers were quite well-informed about cancer, especially about it being sometimes curable and the value of early treatment, although the majority still found it their most alarming disease. Most of these teachers were willing to teach about cancer, whatever their subject, given more in formation. Based on their expressed wishes for cancer education methods, combined with the results of a concurrent survey of pupils' requirements, a teaching resources package was designed for testing.
'Don't take a chance' A public campaign to encourage the early reporting of breast symptoms
Authors: Christmas Pat , Nichols Sally 
Published: March 2007

AS part of a study to evaluate health education about breast cancer, a campaign to encourage the early reporting of breast symptoms was organised jointly by Community Medicine, Univer sity of Southampton and South ampton Health Education Ser vice. A thorough account of all aspects of the preparation and implementation of the campaign is presented. It is hoped that other organisations, considering a similar campaign, could utilise the materials specially produced to convey our message and be nefit from our experiences.
The impact of newspaper advertising on a regional antenatal health campaign
Authors: Berry Judith M. 
Published: March 2007

IN 1981 the West Midlands Health services undertook a publicity campaign aimed at helping women to under stand more about keeping healthy during pregnancy and encouraging them to seek early ante-natal care. A series of full page advertisements on ante-natal care were placed in local newspapers in the Region. Set out here are the findings of two studies of the impact of the publicity campaign. The first shows how far people's knowledge of what to do during pregnancy was altered by the publicity, and the second shows what people thought of the adver tisements themselves and the further information sent to them on request. The results of the first survey showed that two weeks after the advertising campaign, more women who took the newspaper in which the advertisement appeared answered correctly questions about the health topics covered in the advertisement compared with women who did not take the newspaper. The second survey showed that the advertisements were well received by those who sent in for more informa tion about the topics covered in the advertisements. The pamphlets sent to them on request, and selected by health education officers as suitable, contained in many cases material people welcomed and had not received from any other source. However, many people said that they would have liked to have received information on topics not covered in the pamphlets, such as the events of childbirth, feeding and problems of child development. It was recommended that the Book of the child, produced by the Scottish Health Education Group, should be distributed during the antenatal period, and be evaluated as an alternative to current material in use.
An evaluation of two antenatal information booklets
Authors: Owen Tina , Hibbard Bryan M. , Robinson J.O. 
Published: March 2007

THE readability of two antenatal education books which are widely distributed to expectant mothers was assessed. There were some significant differences, and it was anticipated that this would be reflected in the levels of information imparted to the mothers, particularly when they were analysed by social class. In practice the differences were small, and the only one of significance was that the book which was believed to be more readable and more attractive in format resulted in higher knowledge scores in social classes I and II, but not in social classes III to V. Possible explanations for this are discussed. Clear benefit in terms of knowledge was demonstrated when mothers received a book in advance of their attendance at the antenatal booking clinic. They arrived better prepared and better informed, with knowledge to help the healthy development of the foetus at an early stage in pregnancy. The additional postage costs in sending out booklets is considered justifiable.
Smoking behaviour before and after attendance at a health promotion clinic in general practice
Authors: Sacks Gerald , Anderson Fiona , Lawless Melanie , Thorogood Margaret 
Published: March 2007

A NURSE-RUN health promotion clinic in general practice was established in 1983 in a 12,000-patient suburban Oxford practice. The smoking behaviour of patients before and after attending this clinic has been audited. Two years and six months after the establishment of the clinic, 1470 patients had been invited and 1382 (94 per cent) had attended. Each had received an explicit anti-smoking intervention from the practice nurse. In 1987, 1172 of these remained in the practice area and were mailed questionnaires. Nine hundred and thirty-one (79.4 per cent) returned a completed questionnaire. Of the 183 patients who had reported cigarette smoking at the health check, 57 (31.1 per cent) claimed they had stopped smoking cigarettes, but 22 (12.2 per cent) of them had changed to smoking another form of tobacco. Of the 748 patients who said at the health check they did not smoke cigarettes, 19 (2.5 per cent) reported that they now smoked cigarettes. In the study population there was a net reduction of 38 (3.2 per cent) in cigarette smokers and of 14 (1.2 per cent) smokers of all forms of tobacco. Many reports of smoking cessation interventions describe the proportion of cigarette smokers who stop smoking cigarettes, but take no account of other forms of tobacco use, or of non-smokers who start smoking. These studies may have led to an over-benefits of practice-based anti-smoking strategies.
Patient Satisfaction Among the Residential Population of a Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Elzinga Rob H. , Barlow Jillian 
Published: March 2007

Patient satisfaction with the interpersonal and amenities aspects of care in a psychiatric hospital was investigated in an Australian setting. The study was carried out among the long-term residential population of a psychiatric hospital and involved 112 out of 195, or 57% of all eligible patients. Cluster analysis identified seven major groups of related items concerning the patients' views of hospital life and their perception of problems. The study largely replicated the findings of an English investigation, showing that many of the same underlying clusters of satisfaction-dissatisfaction with life in a psychiatric hospital emerge, across widely geographically separated settings. The results from the present study further indicate that improvements in autonomy for the patients and a greater say in the running of wards are more important factors contributing to satisfaction with life in a hospital than the physical surroundings themselves.
Attitudes of Professional Mental Health Workers to Psychiatry
Authors: Vicente Benjamin , Vielma Mabel , Jenner F. Alec , Mezzina Roberto , Lliapas Iannis 
Published: March 2007

An attempt is presented to measure and compare attitudes to and ideas about psychiatry and mental health services in Concepcion, Sheffield and Trieste. These cities have in some respects comparable populations but very different mental health services. Questionnaires in English, Italian and Spanish were used to assess the views of professional workers in the field. The information collected showed that the Italian professionals had the highest level of satisfaction with their work, showed most tolerance of deviant behaviour in the community, the least acceptance of diminished responsibility in law and a non- traditional view of psychiatry. Clearly Chilean professionals held a very traditional view and medicalised approach to mental illness but an encouraging theoretical approval towards eventual changes in the services, along with the lowest level of satisfaction with their work. Professionals from Sheffield held an intermediate position coming closer to the theoretical view of the Chileans but nearer to the Italian praxis and therapeutic approach.
The Health Care Seeking Behavior of Schizophrenic Patients in 6 East Asian Areas
Authors: Rhi Bou-Yong , Ha Kyoo-Seob , Kim Yong-Sik , Sasaki Yuji , Young Derson , Woon Tai-Hwang , Laraya Lourna T.R. , Yanchun Yang 
Published: March 2007

The patterns of health care seeking behavior of 1061 schizophrenics and the factors that affect the determination of the patterns were studied in 6 areas of 5 nations in east Asia: Hunan and Sichuan Provinces in China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia and the Philippines. The information was gathered through a structured questionnaire developed by the authors. The subjects generally favored psychiatry-oriented health care, but with frequent interruptions or combination with other types of managements. Most Japanese subjects sought care in western medicine, while subjects from Hunan, Sichuan and Korea alternated between western medicine and magicoreligious therapies or traditional herbal medicine. In the Philippines and Malaysia, the majority of the subjects sought magicoreligious therapies first, then later sought western psychiatric care. The choice of western psychiatric care was mostly influenced by the decision maker's knowledge and interpretation of the patient's illness. In determining the choice of management among various types of non- psychiatric management, cost, location, and societal attitudes played substantial roles as well as knowledge and interpretation. Suggestions and opinions were discussed to improve health care services for schizophrenic patients in each community.
Psychiatric Disorder in Young Adults in Jamaica
Authors: Hilton Claire , Osborn Madeline , Serjeant Graham 
Published: March 2007

Introduction Much research into psychiatric disorder in Jamaica has investigated psychotic illness but studies of neurotic disorders are lacking. This study investi gated psychiatric disorder in a group of mainly urban, lower social class, young adults who had been regular clinic attenders as a physically healthy control group in a cohort study of sickle cell disease. Method The study was cross-sectional in design. Subjects, 44 male and 45 female, were aged 18 to 20 years at the time of the study. The Psychiatric Assessment Schedule was used to determine psychiatric disorder at Index of Definition level 5. Results All subjects approached participated. Rates of psychiatric disorder were 6 (14%) in the male group and 16 (36%) in the female group. There were no psychotic disorders. In the group as a whole, psychiatric disorder was associated with female gender, unemployment, difficulties with social adjustment and number of episodes of physical illness in the 6 months prior to interview. Variables associated with psychiatric distress amongst males included not having a steady relationship, unemployment, criminal activity and difficulties with social adjustment. Variables associated with psychiatric distress amongst females included lack of domestic amenities, not having a mother at home, lack of education, unemployment and social adjustment difficulties. Conclusion Rates of psychiatric disorder were higher than expected, especially for women. Larger studies are indicated to investigate the prevalence of neurotic disorders amongst young people in Jamaica, compared to similar groups in other countries.
The Homeless Clients of a Community Psychiatric Nursing Service in Inner London: 1. Demographic Characteristics and Presenting Problems
Authors: Abdul-Hamid Walid , Stansfeld Stephen , Wykes Til 
Published: March 2007

The records of Community Psychiatric Nursing service (CPNs) clients over a period of two years have been analysed. The clients had been classified into 'homeless' and 'home-based' according to their accommodation. The two groups were then compared in respect of their socio-demographic characteristics; and presenting mental health problems. The CPNs' homeless clients were more likely to be unemployed, single and from an ethnic minority. The presenting mental health problems as assessed by the CPN, showed more mood related and less psychotic problems (abnormal experiences) in comparison with psychiatrists' diagnoses. The CPN assessment of the presenting problem was compared with that of the clients and their referring agents. The CPN assessment revealed low agreement with homeless clients. The implications of study findings for the recording system and the service, was discussed.
Readability Changes in Employee Handbooks of Identical Companies During a Fifteen-Year Period
Authors: Davis Keith 
Published: March 2007

This study, by a well-known student of the subject, presents a comparison of the readability changes in employee handbooks since Flescli first heightened interest in the subject in 1949. It appears that there has been some improvement in the read ability of employee handbooks, although much is still left to be desired. Interestingly, the firms which had the most read able handbooks in 1949 also had the most readable ones in 1964. This article is printed with the permission of Personnel Psychology, in which it will appear this Winter.
The Case for More Collective Bargaining in Australia
Authors: Niland John 
Published: March 2007

Australia's unique approach to industrial dispute resolution prompts con tinuing analysis of the relative merits of compulsory arbitration and collective bargaining. This paper is a further contribution to that literature. A conceptual distinction between conciliation, arbitration and bargaining is developed, followed by an examination of the operational differences. Attention also is given to the impact arbitration has had in shaping the institutional and attitudinal environment within which collective bargaining will operate as it continues to emerge into prominence in Australia. The aim is to show that many of the supposed advantages of non-voluntary arbitration turn out either to be present or achievable within the collective bargaining mode, or are, in fact, the sources of undesirable secondary conse quences. Apart from this, collective bargaining is seen as an inherently superior process for various reasons, including the role played by the third party neutral and the enhanced prospect for genuine resolution of disputes.
Global Patterns of Diplomatic Exchange, 1963-64
Authors: Russett Bruce M. , Curtis Lamb W. 
Published: March 2007

This article identifies, inductively through factor analysis, groups of nations linked together by relatively high levels of mutual diplomatic representation. Some theories of international politics hypothesize that nations will maintain high diplomatic exchange with states with whom they share particular bonds of common interest, such as cultural similarity or com mercial interaction. Other theories suggest that diplomatic salience is a function of importance in international politics generally - states will send many diplomats to potential enemies and major neutrals, as well as to friends. Support is found for both hypotheses. Most groupings are 'regionally' based among coun tries with bonds of similarity or other interactions, but one major grouping, of 'Large Powers', includes the great powers plus several middle powers. The typical small or medium power is but weakly linked to other small and medium powers outside its own region, but a few (e.g. India, Egypt, Japan) cast wide nets. The groupings are compared systematically with those that appeared in previous analyses for other variables. The closest approximations are found to groups formed by international trade and by common membership in international organiza tions. Substantially poorer fits are achieved with groupings of socio-cultural similarity, UN voting, and geographical proximity.
Agrarian Structure and Peasant Autonomy
Authors: Archetti Eduardo , Fossum Egil , Reinton Per Olav 
Published: March 2007

This article deals with the agrarian structure and autonomy of peasants, with a view to ac counting for some conditions of peasant mobilization in Latin America. Autonomy is conceived of as consisting of three dimensions, security of tenancy, market accessibility and management of plot on the part of the peasant. Using these three dimensions we try to account for three different levels of autonomy in the relation between peasant and landlord. An examination of four cases of agrarian mobilization show them to be either re lated to peasants who are in the process of losing autonomy or gaining autonomy. The basic assumption is that by re-defining the problem of structural conditions in terms of autonomy, one can shed some light upon the genesis of peasant unrest.
Small States and Inter-European Relations: An Analysis of the Group of Nine
Authors: Laux Jeanne Kirk 
Published: March 2007

During the period of relative flexibility or 'detente' prior to the invasion of Czechoslovakia, a renais sance of inter-state relations took place across the alliance lines in Europe. The present article ana lyses East-West interactions among the smaller European states in the 1960s by presenting a case study based on the analysis of international events data. The focus of analysis is the so-called Group of Nine - Belgium, Denmark (NATO); Bulgaria, Hun gary, Romania (Warsaw Pact); Austria, Finland, Sweden, Yugoslavia (not aligned) - which came together at the UN in 1965 to co-sponsor a resolu tion promoting East-West cooperation in Europe. Events data provide evidence of their preferential interactions outside alliance structures and their verbal identification as an interest grouping - based on common perceived rank dissatisfaction as 'small states'. The case study is used to support certain hypotheses derived from Ralf Dahrendorf's theo ries of social conflict. In the final section, quantiative ranking of the nine states supplements events data in order to help explain why these particular states, from among the universe of European smaller states, came together in an interest grouping during conditions of detente.
Problems of Disarmament Research
Authors: Kaliadin A.N. 
Published: March 2007

A number of pressing disarmament issues are considered. Among these are steps to restrain and halt the arms race, together with arms limitation in Europe, SALT, and partial disarmament mea sures. The existing arms limitation treaties are evaluated. In view of the possibility that existing treaties might bring about a false feeling of complacency, the importance of working out a clear comprehen sive concept of progress, from restraining atoms build-up and on to general disarmament, is stressed. The article also deals with such problems as the role and practical significance of disarmament research, research strategy, and forms of coopera tion between scholars, especially those from coun tries with different political and social systems. The author stresses the necessity for fuller use of the achievements of various sciences in disarma ment research and in practical activities in this field, to keep the discussion and handling of disarmament issues abreast of the latest technolog ical and social developments, and to make a more effective impact on international disarmament efforts and negotiations.
Divided Nations as a Process: One State, Two States, and In-between
Authors: Galtung Johan 
Published: March 2007

This article take as its point of departure the cur rent situation of Korea: a nation divided into states with different systems, tied to the two blocs in several ways, and the July 4 1972 communiqué where leaders of the two Koreas express a desire to move towards reunification of the two coun tries. The article suggests a scenario originally pre sented at the International Conference for the Unification of Korea in Kyoto, August 1972. In the first phase of the scenario, passive peace ful coexistence is brought about through a general armistice, also including a stop on mutual defama tion. In the second phase, this is broadened to ac tive peaceful coexistence by including a general North-South coordinating committee, as well as highly specific and ad hoc commissions for con crete tasks of cooperation — particularly the re unification of divided families. In the third phase, this is broadened further to an associative system which would include broad, functionally diffuse and permanent cooperation commissions, some kind of common territory around Panmunjom, and an all-Korean superstructure based on the commis sions, on periodical meetings of the leaders, and on Korean assemblies. Finally, if the last phase is desired, total reunification can take place from that stage on, by merging corresponding institu tions. Any association, and particularly reunification, of different systems must take place on a basis of equity. Also, while it should include institutions, it should preferably start with the type of co operation where many people from North and South would participate, not only the leaders. The process will have to be kept flexible in order to be realistic, as the distance from the present two states to a future possible one state formula must be viewed as a continuum, not a sudden jump.
Trends in International Value-Inequality 1969-1970: An Empirical Study
Authors: Addo Herb 
Published: March 2007

International development is viewed and analysed here with reference to the amount of equality existing between the Centre and the Periphery groups of nations. The levels of development are calculated for 1960 and 1970. This is done with the aid of eight attribute indicators and a set of analytic techniques which relate the actual pattern of distribution of the value-indicators to egali tarian distributions. The patterns of distribution of these values be tween the Centre and the Periphery exhibited gross inequalities for both 1960 and 1970. The changes in the levels of the 1960 inequality by 1970 were very small. The conclusion therefore, is that the international system did not develop during the 1960-1970 decade.
The Functions of SALT
Authors: Lodgaard Sverre 
Published: March 2007

Drawing on evidence produced during the 7 years of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), we here try to summarize the main effects of the talks concerning: arms build-up, strategic stability, crisis stability, detente, the focus of superpower relations, legitimation of the arms race, strategic supremacy vis-à-vis the rest of the world, and international status quo. The strategic relationship seems plagued by growing uncertainty and instability because of surging R&D efforts. Improved capabilities and doctrines for nuclear warfighting open up prospects for dangerous adventures in times of crises. Detente and peaceful cooperation to some extent have had to yield to intensified nuclear rearmament. In this paper, we try to outline the role of SALT in bringing about these trends, which clearly make strategic arms limitation more difficult. To the extent that it has contributed to them, SALT has sown the seeds of its own deadlock. This is not to say that SALT has come to an end. The superpowers probably see a long- term benefit from talking to each other to promote common interests under shifting circum stances, such as the preservation of strategic supremacy over the rest of the world and main tenance and maximization of influence and control in the face of third party challengers. There can be an element of harmony in the confrontation and competition between them. Permanent talks make it easier to take care of common interests in unspectacular ways than do ad hoc contacts — especially if the interests are largely considered illegitimate by the rest of the international community.