bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seedcorn maggot response to planting date, cover crops, and tillage in organic cropping systems
Authors: Regan Karly H , Voortman Christina A , Barbercheck Mary E 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Seedcorn maggot, Delia platura (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), is an economically important early-season pest of corn and soybean in the United States. Adult seedcorn maggot is attracted to decomposing plant residues for oviposition, creating potential management issues where growers typically use tillage to incorporate fertility amendments and to create a seedbed. The use of growing degree-day models to time planting dates is an important tool for effectively managing this pest, but their use has not been examined in organic crop production. Here, we report the results of experiments to determine the effects of cover crops, tillage, and relative planting date on seedcorn maggot in corn and soybean in 2 experiments: The first during the transition to organic from conventional management and the second during the 3 yr following organic certification in central Pennsylvania, United States. Overall, delaying the planting date by 1–2 wk reduced fly emergence in corn, but not in soybean in both experiments. Seedcorn maggot emergence was also consistently greater in corn than in soybean, with 6 times more flies in corn than in soy. About 15 times more seedcorn maggot flies emerged from corn in treatments in which cover crops were managed with tillage compared to treatments in which cover crops were terminated with a roller-crimper followed by no-till planting of corn. Fly emergence was negatively related to the proportion of legumes in the cover crop mixture preceding corn. These results can help inform soil, cover crop, and crop decisions for organic growers in the Mid-Atlantic United States.
Highly abundant bacteria in the gut of Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) can inhibit the growth of Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastea: Trypanosomatidae)
Authors: Cambronero-Heinrichs Juan Carlos , Rojas-Gätjens Diego , Baizán Mónica , Alvarado-Ocampo Johan , Rojas-Jimenez Keilor , Loaiza Randall , Chavarría Max , Calderón-Arguedas Ólger , Troyo Adriana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a zoonosis primarily found in rural areas of Latin America. It is considered a neglected tropical disease, and Triatoma dimidiata is the main vector of the parasite in Central America. Despite efforts, Chagas disease continues to be a public health concern, and vector control remains a primary tool to reduce transmission. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that highly abundant bacteria in the gut of T. dimidiata inhibit the growth of T. cruzi. To achieve this, bacterial diversity in the gut of T. dimidiata specimens from Costa Rica was characterized by metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA, microbial isolation was performed, and the effect of freeze-dried supernatants of the isolates on T. cruzi was investigated. Metabarcoding showed that the most abundant genera in the gut were Corynebacterium, Tsukamurella, Brevibacterium, and Staphylococcus. Barcoding and sequences comparison confirmed that 8 of the 30 most abundant amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were isolated, and 2 of them showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of T. cruzi epimastigotes. These bacteria correspond to isolates of Tsukamurella and Brevibacterium, which were respectively the second and sixth most abundant ASVs in the gut of T. dimidiata. Notably, only the isolate of Brevibacterium showed a significant difference in growth inhibition against epimastigotes of both T. cruzi strains tested. These findings suggest that the gut microbiota of T. dimidiata may play an active role in modulating parasite development.
Experimental demonstration of the transmission of Spiroplasma between different arthropod taxa
Authors: Ogata Shohei , Hayashi Naoki , Eshita Yuki , Nagasawa Yasuha , Nonaka Nariaki , Nakao Ryo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Spiroplasma (Mycoplasmatales: Spiroplasmataceae) is one of the most widely distributed symbionts of arthropods. Spiroplasma species can infect their hosts via vertical or horizontal transmission. However, the mode of transmission of Spiroplasma between different arthropod taxa has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the potential for the transmission of Spiroplasma to non-native arthropod species, using 2 Spiroplasma spp. isolated from ticks, namely Spiroplasma ixodetis and Spiroplasma mirum, and 3 species of mosquito laboratory colonies, namely Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae). After feeding the adult mosquitoes with Spiroplasma-containing artificial meals, they were kept at 25 °C for 10 days. Homogenates prepared from Spiroplasma-fed mosquitoes were used to re-isolate Spiroplasma using the in vitro culture method. Nine weeks after culture initiation, the presence of Spiroplasma was tested using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results revealed that only S. ixodetis was detected from all 3 species of mosquitoes and re-isolated from 2 of them. The differences in the infection ability of different Spirolasma species could be attributed to several factors, including environmental effects. Nevertheless, this is the first experimental demonstration of Spiroplasma transmission among different arthropod taxa. Further studies are needed to elucidate the evolutionary mechanism that supports the survival of Spiroplasma in nature.
The highest mass Kepler red giants – I. Global asteroseismic parameters of 48 stars
Authors: Crawford Courtney L , Bedding Timothy R , Li Yaguang , Stello Dennis , Huber Daniel , Yu Jie , Sreenivas K R , Li Tanda , Kerrison Emily F 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
When low- and intermediate-mass stars evolve off the main sequence, they expand and cool into the red giant stages of evolution, which include those associated with shell H burning (the red giant branch), core He burning (the red clump), and shell He burning (the asymptotic giant branch). The majority of red giants have masses &lt;2 M⊙, and red giants more massive than this are often excluded from major studies. Here, we present a study of the highest mass stars (M &gt; 3.0 M⊙) in the Kepler sample of 16 000 red giants. We begin by re-estimating their global seismic properties with new light curves, highlighting the differences between using the simple aperture photometry and presearch data conditioning of simple aperture photometry light curves provided by Kepler. We use the re-estimated properties to derive new mass estimates for the stars, ending with a final sample of 48 confirmed high-mass stars. We explore their oscillation envelopes, confirming the trends found in recent works such as low mean mode amplitude and wide envelopes. We find, through probabilistic means, that our sample is likely all core He burning stars. We measure their dipole and quadrupole mode visibilities and confirm that the dipole mode visibility tends to decrease with mass.
Constraining planetary formation models using conditional occurrences of various planet types
Authors: Gajendran Sridhar , Jiang Ing-Guey , Yeh Li-Chin , Sariya Devesh P 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We report the conditional occurrences between three planetary types: super-Earths (m sin i &lt; 10 M⊕, P &lt; 100 d), warm Jupiters (m sin i &gt; 95 M⊕, 10 &lt; P &lt; 100 d), and cold Jupiters (m sin i &gt; 95 M⊕, P &gt; 400 d) for sun-like stars. We find that while the occurrence of cold Jupiters in systems with super-Earths is $22.2\substack{+8.3 \\ -5.4}$ per cent, compared to 10 per cent for the absolute occurrence rate of cold Jupiters, the occurrence of super-Earths in systems with cold Jupiters is $66.0\substack{+18.0 \\ -16.0}$ per cent, compared to 30 per cent for the absolute occurrence rate of super-Earths for Sun-like stars. We find that the enhancement of super-Earths in systems with cold Jupiters is evident for Sun-like stars, in agreement with several previous studies. We also conduct occurrence studies between warm Jupiters and super-Earths, and between warm Jupiters and cold Jupiters, to consolidate our methods. We conduct an independent observational test to study the effects of cold Jupiters against the inner multiplicity using the well-established giant planet host star metallicity correlation for all transiting planets found to date. The conditional occurrences we find here can be used to constrain the validity of various planetary formation models. The extremely interesting correlations between the super-Earths, cold Jupiters, and warm Jupiters can also be used to understand the formation histories of these planetary types.
Gravitational imaging through a triple source plane lens: revisiting the ΛCDM-defying dark subhalo in SDSSJ0946+1006
Authors: Ballard Daniel J , Enzi Wolfgang J R , Collett Thomas E , Turner Hannah C , Smith Russell J 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The ΛCDM paradigm successfully explains the large-scale structure of the Universe, but is less well constrained on subgalactic scales. Gravitational lens modelling has been used to measure the imprints of dark substructures on lensed arcs, testing the small-scale predictions of ΛCDM. However, the methods required for these tests are subject to degeneracies among the lens mass model and the source light profile. We present a case study of the unique compound gravitational lens SDSSJ0946+1006, wherein a dark, massive substructure has been detected, whose reported high concentration would be unlikely in a ΛCDM universe. For the first time, we model the first two background sources in both I- and U-band HST imaging, as well as VLT-MUSE emission line data for the most distant source. We recover a lensing perturber at a 5.9σ confidence level with mass $\log _{10}(M_\mathrm{sub}/{\rm M}_{\odot })=9.2^{+0.4}_{-0.1}$ and concentration $\log _{10}c=2.4^{+0.5}_{-0.3}$. The concentration is more consistent with CDM subhaloes than previously reported, and the mass is compatible with that of a dwarf satellite galaxy whose flux is undetectable in the data at the location of the perturber. A wandering black hole with mass $\log _{10}(M_\mathrm{BH}/{\rm M}_{\odot })=8.9^{+0.2}_{-0.1}$ is a viable alternative model. We systematically investigate alternative assumptions about the complexity of the mass distribution and source reconstruction; in all cases the subhalo is detected at around the ≥5σ level. However, the detection significance can be altered substantially (up to 11.3σ) by alternative choices for the source regularization scheme.
Fundamental, harmonic, and third-harmonic plasma emission from beam–plasma instabilities: a first-principles precursor for astrophysical radio bursts
Authors: Bacchini Fabio , Philippov Alexander A 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Electromagnetic fundamental and harmonic emission is ubiquitously observed throughout the heliosphere, and in particular it is commonly associated with the occurrence of type II and III solar radio bursts. Classical analytic calculations for the plasma-emission process, though useful, are limited to idealized situations; a conclusive numerical verification of this theory is still lacking, with earlier studies often providing contradicting results on e.g. the precise parameter space in which fundamental and harmonic emission can be produced. To accurately capture the chain of mechanisms underlying plasma emission – from precursor plasma processes to the generation of electromagnetic waves over long times – we perform large scale, first-principles simulations of beam–plasma instabilities. By employing a very large number of computational particles we achieve very low numerical noise, and explore (with an array of simulations) a wide parameter space determined by the beam–plasma density ratio and the ion-to-electron temperature ratio. In particular, we observe direct evidence of both fundamental and harmonic plasma emission when the beam-to-background density ratio ≤0.005 (with beam-to-background energy ratio ∼0.5), tightly constraining this threshold. We observe that, asymptotically, in this regime $\sim 0.1~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the initial beam energy is converted into harmonic emission, and $\sim 0.001~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ into fundamental emission. In contrast with previous studies, we also find that this emission is independent of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio. In addition, we report the direct detection of third-harmonic emission in all of our simulations, at power levels compatible with observations. Our findings have important consequences for understanding the viable conditions leading to plasma emission in space systems, and for the interpretation of observed electromagnetic signals throughout the heliosphere.
Proper motion of the radio jets in two blazars at redshift above 3
Authors: Krezinger Máté , Frey Sándor , Perger Krisztina , Gabányi Krisztina É , An Tao , Zhang Yingkang , Gurvits Leonid I , Titov Oleg , Melnikov Alexey , Paragi Zsolt 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
There is still a limited number of high-redshift (z &gt; 3) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) whose jet kinematics have been studied with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). Without a dedicated proper motion survey, regularly conducted astrometric VLBI observations of bright radio-emitting AGN with sensitive arrays can be utilized to follow changes in the jets, by means of high-resolution imaging and brightness distribution modelling. Here, we present a first-time VLBI jet kinematic study of NVSS J080518 + 614423 (z = 3.033) and NVSS J165844 − 073918 (z = 3.742), two flat-spectrum radio quasars that display milliarcsecond-scale jet morphology. Archival astrometric observations carried out mainly with the Very Long Baseline Array, supplemented by recent data taken with the European VLBI Network, allowed us to monitor changes in their radio structure in the 7.6−8.6 GHz frequency band, covering almost two decades. By identifying individual jet components at each epoch, we were able to determine the apparent proper motion for multiple features in both sources. Apparent superluminal motions range $(1-14)\, c$, and are found to be consistent with studies of other high-redshift AGN targets. Using the physical parameters derived from the brightness distribution modelling, we estimate the Doppler-boosting factors (δ ≈ 11.2 and δ ≈ 2.7), the Lorentz factors (Γ ≈ 7.4 and Γ ≈ 36.6), and the jet viewing angles (θ ≈ 4.4° and θ ≈ 8.0°), for NVSS J080518 + 614423 and NVSS J165844 − 073918, respectively. The data revealed a stationary jet component with negligible apparent proper motion in NVSS J165844 − 073918.
The origin recognition complex requires chromatin tethering by a hypervariable intrinsically disordered region that is functionally conserved from sponge to man
Authors: Adiji Olubu A , McConnell Brendan S , Parker Matthew W 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The first step toward eukaryotic genome duplication is loading of the replicative helicase onto chromatin. This ‘licensing’ step initiates with the recruitment of the origin recognition complex (ORC) to chromatin, which is thought to occur via ORC’s ATP-dependent DNA binding and encirclement activity. However, we have previously shown that ATP binding is dispensable for the chromatin recruitment of fly ORC, raising the question of how metazoan ORC binds chromosomes. We show here that the intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of fly Orc1 is both necessary and sufficient for recruitment of ORC to chromosomes in vivo and demonstrate that this is regulated by IDR phosphorylation. Consistently, we find that the IDR confers the ORC holocomplex with ATP-independent DNA binding activity in vitro. Using phylogenetic analysis, we make the surprising observation that metazoan Orc1 IDRs have diverged so markedly that they are unrecognizable as orthologs and yet we find that these compositionally homologous sequences are functionally conserved. Altogether, these data suggest that chromatin is recalcitrant to ORC’s ATP-dependent DNA binding activity, necessitating IDR-dependent chromatin tethering, which we propose poises ORC to opportunistically encircle nucleosome-free regions as they become available.
The Impact of Menthol Cigarette Bans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mills Sarah D , Peddireddy Snigdha , Kurtzman Rachel , Hill Frantasia , Catalan Victor , Bissram Jennifer S , Ribisl Kurt M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
This review investigates the impacts of banning the sale of menthol cigarettes at stores.

Methods
A systematic search of studies published in English up to November 2022 was conducted. The following databases were searched: PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Embase, as well as a non-indexed journal. Studies evaluating either the impact of real-world or hypothesized menthol cigarette bans were included. Primary outcomes include tobacco use behaviors. Secondary outcomes include cigarette sales, retailer compliance, and the tobacco industry’s response to a menthol ban. Data on tobacco use behavior after a menthol ban were pooled using random-effects models. Two pairs of reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality.

Results
Of the 964 articles that were identified during the initial search, 78 were included in the review and 16 were included in the meta-analysis. Cessation rates among menthol cigarette smokers were high after a menthol ban. Pooled results show that 24% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 20%, 28%) of menthol cigarette smokers quit smoking after a menthol ban, 50% (95% CI: 31%, 68%) switched to non-menthol cigarettes, 12% (95% CI: 3%, 20%) switched to other flavored tobacco products, and 24% (95% CI: 17%, 31%) continued smoking menthol cigarettes. Hypothesized quitting and switching rates were fairly close to real-world rates. Studies found the tobacco industry attempts to undermine menthol bans. National menthol bans appear more effective than local or state menthol bans.

Conclusions
Menthol cigarette bans promote smoking cessation suggesting their potential to improve public health.

Implications
Findings from this review suggest that menthol cigarette bans promote smoking cessation among menthol cigarette smokers and have the potential to improve public health.
Genome organization and botanical diversity
Authors: Paterson Andrew H , Queitsch Christine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The rich diversity of angiosperms, both the planet's dominant flora and the cornerstone of agriculture, is integrally intertwined with a distinctive evolutionary history. Here, we explore the interplay between angiosperm genome organization and botanical diversity, empowered by genomic approaches ranging from genetic linkage mapping to analysis of gene regulation. Commonality in the genetic hardware of plants has enabled robust comparative genomics that has provided a broad picture of angiosperm evolution and implicated both general processes and specific elements in contributing to botanical diversity. We argue that the hardware of plant genomes—both in content and in dynamics—has been shaped by selection for rather substantial differences in gene regulation between plants and animals such as maize and human, organisms of comparable genome size and gene number. Their distinctive genome content and dynamics may reflect in part the indeterminate development of plants that puts strikingly different demands on gene regulation than in animals. Repeated polyploidization of plant genomes and multiplication of individual genes together with extensive rearrangement and differential retention provide rich raw material for selection of morphological and/or physiological variations conferring fitness in specific niches, whether natural or artificial. These findings exemplify the burgeoning information available to employ in increasing knowledge of plant biology and in modifying selected plants to better meet human needs.
‘In the “too difficult” box?’ Organizational inflexibility as a driver of voluntary resignations of police officers in England and Wales
Authors: Charman Sarah , Tyson Jemma 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Record numbers of police officers are voluntarily resigning in England and Wales yet there is a lack of research which analyses why. Findings from an analysis of 62 interviews with police leavers who voluntarily resigned from the police service within England and Wales between January 2021 and June 2022 suggest that officers are leaving primarily due to perceptions of organizational injustice which focus upon: a lack of voice; concerns about promotion/progression; poor leadership; and a lack of organizational flexibility. This paper takes this latter reason—organizational flexibility—as its focus and through an inductive analysis of these leavers’ voices, aims to both enrich the scarce qualitative academic literature on police workforce resignations and retention but also to offer significant evidence for future consideration of workforce optimization. The findings indicate that although sympathetic to operational policing complexities, participants were frustrated by organizational inflexibility. Three key areas were identified where the police service was perceived to be unsupportive or unreceptive—(a) dealing with additional needs, disabilities, or health issues of officers, (b) conflicts with non-work commitments, primarily those associated with childcare/parental responsibilities, and (c) supporting officers transitioning to part-time working. These structural barriers to effective workplace functioning were exacerbated by the cultural norms of overwork and ‘fitting in’ and were additionally particularly experienced by female resigners. The authors call for a challenge to the cultural barriers towards flexible working, the modelling of flexible working at all levels of the organization, and a focus on reciprocal flexibility between employer and employee. Until this issue can be tackled, it is argued that retention will continue to be an underestimated but significant site of inequality within policing.