bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of White Mold Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Thymus × citriodorus in Italy
Authors: Garibaldi A. , Minuto A. , Gullino M. L. 
Published: May 2007

Thymus × citriodorus is well known for the citrus aroma released by its leaves and is grown as a potted plant in northern Italy. This species is widely used in gardens and landscapes and for culinary purposes. In the Liguria Region alone, 1.5 million plants are grown. In the winter of 2002, extensive chlorosis was observed on potted plants of Thymus × citriodorus cv. Silver Queen grown outdoors on commercial farms near Albenga. Initial symptoms included stem necrosis at the soil level and darkening of leaves. As stem necrosis progressed, infected plants wilted and died. Wilt, characterized by the presence of soft and watery tissues, occurred within a few days on young plants. Necrotic tissues became covered with whitish mycelium that produced dark sclerotia. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary (1) was consistently recovered from infected stem pieces of Thymus × citriodorus. The diseased stem tissue was disinfested for 1 min in 1% NaOCl and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 100 ppm of streptomycin sulfate. Sclerotia produced on PDA were ellipsoid and measured 5.2 to 4.4 × 2.1 to 1.5 mm (average 3.5 × 3.0 mm). Pathogenicity of three isolates obtained from infected plants was confirmed by inoculating 30-day-old plants grown in 14-cm-diameter pots in a screenhouse. Inoculum that consisted of wheat kernels infested with mycelium and sclerotia of each isolate was placed on the soil surface around the base of each of 10 plants. Noninoculated plants served as controls. The inoculation trial was repeated once. All plants were kept at temperatures ranging between 5 and 26°C and watered as needed. Inoculated plants developed symptoms of leaf yellowing within 13 days, soon followed by the appearance of white mycelium, and eventually wilted. Control plants remained symptomless. White mycelium and sclerotia developed on infected tissues and S. sclerotiorum was reisolated from inoculated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of white mold of Thymus × citriodorus caused by S. sclerotiorum. The economic importance of this disease for the crop can be considered low. Reference: (1) N. F. Buchwald. Den. Kgl. Veterin.er-og Landbohojskoles Aarsskrift, 1949.
Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis) Bark Necrosis Syndrome III: A Physiological Disease Linked to Impaired Cyanide Metabolism
Authors: Chrestin H. , Sookmark U. , Trouslot P. , Pellegrin F. , Nandris D. 
Published: May 2007

First attempts to discriminate between tapping panel dryness (TPD) and bark necrosis (BN), two Hevea sp. bark diseases leading to the cessation of latex production, showed differences in latex biochemical characteristics (1). Further, contrary to TPD, BN is characterized by inner phloem necrosis starting at the rootstock/scion junction (RS/S) and spreading upward to the tapping cut. Recent etiological (3) and epidemiological studies did not provide evidence of a causative pathogen for BN, but showed that BN is favored by a combination of various stresses (2). Searching for molecular markers of BN using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses highlighted differential expression of some proteins in the latex and bark, especially a 67-kDa protein, which accumulates in the inner phloem of the BN trees. This protein was identified by peptide microsequencing as a linamarase (cyanogenic β-glucosidase). This led to the suspicion of the involvement of cyanogenesis in the spread of the syndrome inside the inner bark. The cDNAs of enzymes involved in cyanide (CN) metabolism (linamarase, hydroxynitrile lyase, and cyanoalanine synthase) were cloned from our Hevea sp. phloem specific cDNA library. In addition, the most BN-susceptible rubber clones were shown to exhibit higher cyanide potentions in the leaves and bark, together with low cyanoalanine synthase (CAS) gene expression and activity. Furthermore, linamarine (the cyanogene glucoside substrate of linamarase) was shown to accumulate in the phloem at the base of the trunk, especially above the rootstock/scion junction. The results of biochemical and gene expression studies associated with recent ecophysiological advances (2) strongly suggest a possible cell decompartmentalization near the RS/S junction, resulting in a local release of toxic concentration of highly diffusive CN. This, combined with a lethal imbalance between cyanogenic and CN-detoxifying activities (CAS) in the phloem of BN trees, could lead to poisoning of neighboring cells and to the spread of tissue necrosis toward the tapping cut. In conclusion, after providing evidence of exogenous factors favoring BN (2), this report highlights endogenous disorders that may be at the origin of this physiological disease leading to BN. References: (1) D. Nandris et al. Eur. J. For. Pathol. 21:325, 1991. (2) D. Nandris et al. Plant Dis. 88:1047, 2004.
Iris yellow spot virus on Onion in New Mexico
Authors: Creamer R. , Sanogo S. , Moya A. , Romero J. , Molina-Bravo R. , Cramer C. 
Published: May 2007

Onions are an important crop for New Mexico with 7,700 acres (3,116 ha) harvested in the state in 2003 (3). In 2002, onions of several cultivars were first noticed with diamond-shaped chlorotic or bleached lesions on seed stalks or leaves, typical of those reported for Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV). A more widespread survey of breeding stocks and commercial onion fields revealed similar symptoms on thrips-infested onions in Dona Ana and Rio Arriba counties. Incidence of disease symptoms ranged from <0.5 to nearly 30%. Symptomatic leaves were assayed for the presence of IYSV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Agdia, Elkhart, IN) and antisera acquired from Agdia. Symptomatic leaves from breeding and commercial fields tested positive for IYSV. The virus was transmitted by Thrips tabaci from symptomatic onions to three onion cvs. New Mex Mesa, New Mex Vado, and New Mex Cryspy in growth chamber tests. All three cultivars showed symptoms of IYSV and tested positive for the disease using ELISA. However, New Mex Vado and New Mex Cryspy cultivars each showed 24% infection (4 infected plants of 17 tested) compared with 59% infection (10 infected plants of 17 tested) for New Mex Mesa, suggesting that not all cultivars are equally susceptible to the virus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of IYSV in onions in New Mexico, which has also been reported in the western United States in Idaho, Oregon, Colorado, and Washington (1,2,4). References: (1) L. J. du Toit et al. Plant Dis. 88:222, 2004. (2) J. M. Hall et al. Plant Dis. 77:952, 1993. (3) National Agricultural Statistics Service, On-line publication. USDA, 2004. (4) H. F. Schwartz et al. Plant Dis. 86:560, 2002.
Overcoming opioid blockade from depot naltrexone (Prodetoxon®)
Authors: Kruptisky E. M. , Burakov A. M. , Tsoy M. V. , Egorova V. Y. , Slavina T. Y. , Grinenko A. Y. , Zvartau E. E. , Woody G. E. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTAim  To describe a situation in which an opioid‐dependent patient overcame naltrexone blockade.Design, case report, setting  Addiction treatment center in St Petersburg, Russia.Participant  Patient with naltrexone implant.Intervention  Detoxification.Measurements  Clinical observations.Conclusions  It is possible, but very difficult, to overcome naltrexone blockade by using large doses of heroin.
Uterine artery embolization for symptomatic fibroids with imaging follow up
Authors: Jain TP , Srivastava DN , Sahu RP , Thulkar S , Sharma S , Mittal S , Dadhwal V 
Published: May 2007

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of uterine artery embolization (UAE) as a primary treatment method in treatment of symptomatic fibroids, whether there are any preembolization MRI characteristics of fibroid predictive of reduction in volume and assess reduction in uterine and dominant fibroid volumes using ultrasound (US) and MRI. Study was carried out in total of 32 patients aged 25–49 years (mean 40.9 years). Uterine and dominant fibroid volume were determined using US and MRI before UAE, MRI and US at 3 months and US alone at 6 and 12 months post‐UAE, supplemented by clinical evaluation at interval of 3, 6 and 12 months. Procedure was carried out through unilateral femoral puncture using poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) particles 355–500 μm in size. All 32 patients had successful procedures. Overall, 25 patients responded, giving a clinical success rate of 78.12%. Mean reduction in volume of uterus and fibroid was 33 and 59.7% and 48.9 and 75.5% on US at 3 and 12 months respectively, and 33.3 and 58.6% on MRI at 3 months. Volume reduction on US and MRI at 3 months was highly correlative. There was no statistical difference in size reduction in volume of fibroids, which were hypointense or hyperintense on T2‐weighted image (T2WI) on pre‐UAE MRI. Uterine artery embolization leads to good technical success and fibroid volume reduction. Ultrasound alone may be used for follow up of patients post‐UAE. Preprocedure signal characteristics on T2WI are not predictors of volume reduction after UAE.
Activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ inhibits cell growth via apoptosis and arrest of the cell cycle in human colorectal cancer
Authors: LIN Mao Song , CHEN Wei Chang , BAI Xia , WANG Ya Dong 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVE:  To investigate the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPAR)γ and the effects of PPARγ ligands on cells growth in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line HT‐29, and to explore whether the activation of PPARγ by its selective ligand can induce apoptosis and the arrest of the cell cycle in these cells.METHODS:  A CRC cell line, HT‐29, was used in this study. PPARγ mRNA and the protein expressions were measured by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The HT‐29 cells were treated with two specific PPARγ ligands: rosiglitazone and 15‐d‐PGJ2. The effects of PPARγ activated by rosiglitazone and 15‐d‐PGJ2 on the anchorage‐dependent and anchorage‐independent growth of the cells were assessed by methylthiazolyl terazolium (MTT) and soft agar colony assay, respectively. Apoptosis was measured by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry (FCM) assay by CaspSCREEN™ Flowcytometric Apoptosis Detection Kit (BioVision, Palo Alto, USA). Furthermore, the caspase‐3 expression was determined by a immunocytochemical staining method before and after treatment with rosiglitazone and 15‐d‐PGJ2 for 48 h. The cell cycles were measured by flow cytometric analysis using propidium iodide (PI).RESULTS:  PPARγ mRNA and protein expressions were observed in the HT‐29 cells. The MTT assay showed that treatment of these cells with 0, 0.1, 1 or 10 µmol/L PPARγ activators rosiglitazone or 15‐d‐PGJ2 for 0, 24, 48 or 72 h resulted in the inhibition of anchorage‐dependent cell growth in a dosage‐ and time‐dependent way. Rosiglitazone treatment during cell growth resulted in the reduction of colony formation and the effects were not immediately reversible in the cell culture. TUNEL staining showed DNA fragmentation in positive cells after treatment with rosiglitazone and 15‐d‐PGJ2 for 48 h. In addition, FCM showed that the apoptosis rates were 14.8 ± 0.8% and 28.5 ± 1.3% or 15 ± 0.7% and 40 ± 1.2% after the cells were incubated with 10 µmol/L rosiglitazone or 15‐d‐PGJ2 for 24 h and 48 h, while the apoptosis rates of cells without treatment were 3.8 ± 0.4% and 8.8 ± 0.4%, respectively. Consistent with these results, the positivity rates of caspase‐3 expression in cells treated with rosiglitazone or 15‐d‐PGJ2 increased significantly when compared with the control group. To explore whether the regulation of the cell cycle was involved in the effect of PPARγ ligands on cell growth, FCM using PI staining was assessed. The ratio of G0 /G1 phase cells increased after incubated with 10 µmol/L rosiglitazone or 15‐d‐PGJ2 for 24 h and 48 h.CONCLUSIONS:  Our results showed that PPARγ was expressed in HT‐29 cells and PPARγ activation could inhibit cell growth through inducing apoptosis and suppressing the cell cycle. PPARγ may be considered as a new therapeutic target for colon cancer in humans.
Vascular fluorescence casting and imaging cryomicrotomy for computerized three‐dimensional renal arterial reconstruction
Authors: Lagerveld Brunolf W. , Ter Wee Rene D. , De La Rosette Jean J.M.C.H. , Spaan Jos A.E. , Wijkstra Hessel 
Published: May 2007

Authors from the Netherlands studied the use of a casting technique, cryomicrotome imaging and three‐dimensional computer analysis to visualise and reconstruct the arterial anatomy in a porcine kidney model. They found that this could be done satisfactorily to a resolution of 50 µm.OBJECTIVETo assess the combined use of a casting technique, cryomicrotomy imaging, and three‐dimensional (3D) computer analysis as a method for visualizing and reconstructing the arterial vascular tree in a porcine renal model.MATERIAL AND METHODSThe arterial branches of two porcine kidneys were filled with a fluorescent cast, after which they were cut into slices of 50 µm in an imaging cryomicrotome. From each section, digital images of the cutting plane of the sample were taken and stored in the computer, after which stacks of images were rendered in 3D.RESULTSA 3D computerized reconstruction of the arterial vascular tree was constructed and showed the complete arterial anatomy up to arterioles of 50 µm.CONCLUSIONWith visualization by fluorescence imaging cryomicrotomy, the anatomical and 3D reconstruction of the renal arterial blood supply in a pig kidney is possible up to a resolution of 50 µm.
A novel mechanism underlying the susceptibility of neuronal cells to nitric oxide: the occurrence and regulation of protein S‐nitrosylation is the checkpoint
Authors: He J. , Wang T. , Wang P. , Han P. , Yin Q. , Chen C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe susceptibility of neuronal cells to nitric oxide (NO) is a key issue in NO‐mediated neurotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. As a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)‐independent NO signaling pathway, S‐nitrosylation (or S‐nitrosation) has been suggested to occur as a post‐translational modification in parallel with O‐phosphorylation. The underlying mechanism of the involvement of protein S‐nitrosylation in the susceptibility of neuronal cells to NO has been little investigated. In this study, we focused on the role of S‐nitrosothiols (RSNO) in the susceptibility of a cerebellar cell line R2 to NO. Our results showed the following: (i) S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) induced a burst of RSNO in GSH‐depleted R2 cells, the majority of which were primarily contributed by the S‐nitrosylation of proteins (Pro‐SNOs), and was followed by severe neuronal necrosis; (ii) the elevation in the level of Pro‐SNOs resulted from a dysfunction of S‐nitroglutathione reductase (GSNOR) as a result of its substrate, GSNO, being unavailable in GSH‐depleted cells. In the meantime, the suppression of GSNOR increased NO‐mediated neurotoxicity in R2 cells, as well as in cerebellar granule neurons; (iii) Our results also demonstrate that the burst of RSNO is the “checkpoint” of cell fate: if RSNO can be reduced to free thiol proteins, cells will survive; if they are further oxidized, cells will die; and (iv) GSH‐ethyl ester and Vitamin C protected R2 cells against GSNO neurotoxicity through two distinct mechanisms: by inhibiting the elevation of Pro‐SNOs and by reducing Pro‐SNOs to free thiol proteins, respectively. A novel mechanism underlying the susceptibility of neuronal cells to NO is proposed and some potential strategies to prevent the NO‐mediated neurotoxicity are discussed.
Partial pressure of end‐tidal CO2sampled via an intranasal catheter as a substitute for partial pressure of arterial CO2in dogs
Authors: Pang D. , Hethey J. , Caulkett N. A. , Duke T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective:To demonstrate correlation and clinical usefulness of the partial pressure of end‐tidal CO2(ETCO2) measurement by nasal catheter placement in sedated dogs with and without concurrent nasal oxygen administration as a substitute for partial pressure of arterial CO2(PaCO2).Design:Prospective, cross‐over trial.Setting:University of Saskatchewan veterinary research laboratory.Animals:Six cross‐breed dogs with a mean (±SD) weight of 29.1±4.03 kg.Interventions:All dogs were sedated with 5 μg/kg medetomidine intravenously (IV) and an arterial catheter was placed in a dorsal pedal artery for removal of blood for gas analysis. A nasal catheter was placed in the ventral meatus and connected to a capnometer for ETCO2measurements in all dogs. Dogs receiving supplemental nasal oxygen had a second nasal catheter placed in the contralateral naris.Measurements and main results:In the group without nasal oxygen supplementation, the ETCO2measurement underestimated (negative bias) the PaCO2by −2.20 mmHg with limits of agreement (95% confidence interval) of −5.79, 1.39 mmHg. In the group receiving oxygen supplementation, ETCO2measurement underestimated (negative bias) the PaCO2by −2.46 mmHg with limits of agreement (95% confidence interval) of −8.42, 3.50 mmHg.Conclusions:The results of this study demonstrate that ETCO2monitoring via a nasal catheter provides a clinically acceptable substitute to arterial blood gas analysis as a means of monitoring ventilation in healthy, sedated dogs. The limits of agreement were within acceptable limits with and without concurrent insufflation of oxygen.
Clinical Presentation of Cutaneous Manifestations in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Type 1)
Authors: Kandi Basak , Kaya Arzu , Turgut Dilara , Ozgocmen Salih , Cicek Demet 
Published: May 2007

Objective. Complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I) is a primary polymorphic condition of persistent pain and swelling that frequently occurs secondary to trauma associated with vasomotor disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cutaneous findings in patients with CRPS I.
Methods. Eighteen patients with CRPS I were included in the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Results. Of the 18 patients with CRPS I, 9 (50%) had hyperhidrosis, while hypohidrosis was present in 2 patients (11.1%). Eight patients (44.4%) had hypertrichosis, and 1 patient (5.6%) had hypotrichosis. Five of the patients (27.8%) had nail changes.
Conclusions. These cutaneous changes are not rare in CRPS I and generate difficulties for the patient; therefore, they should be prevented during the early stages of CRPS I with use of an effective treatment.
Evolution or revolution? Adapting to complexity in wound management
Authors: Harding Keith , Gray David , Timmons John , Hurd Theresa 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWound clinics are seeing an increase in the number of ‘complex’ wounds, which arise as the result of the interaction between multiple coexisting systemic pathologies, environmental factors and local wound factors. These complex wounds require an approach to diagnosis and management that can encapsulate all these factors. Unified wound assessment approaches such as HEIDI (History, Examination, Investigations, Diagnosis and management plan), wound bed preparation and applied wound management systems are essential to reach a definitive diagnosis and to ensure that management is agreed between the various clinical specialities that may be involved. A series of case histories is presented that illustrate the benefits of a unified approach to wound management. Results of a study into the cost‐effectiveness of an improved foam dressing are presented, and the problems of demonstrating the ability to make long‐term savings through short‐term expenditure are discussed.
Two New Sesquiterpenoid Glucosides from the Aerial Parts of Saussurea involucrate
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Ling , Gesang Suo‐Lang , Jiao Wei , Liao Xun , Ding Li‐Sheng 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwo new sesquiterpenoid glucosides, namely 6α‐hydroxycostic acid 6‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (compound 1) and 11βH‐11,13‐dihydrodehydrocostuslactone 8α‐O‐(6′‐acetyl)‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (compound 2), along with 11 known sesquiterpenoids (compounds 3‐13) were isolated from the aerial parts of Saussurea involucrate (Kar. et Kir.) Sch.‐ Bip. The structures of the new sesquiterpenoid glucosides were established by one‐ and two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry analysis.(Handling editor: Jin‐Zhong Cui)
Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Associated Traits in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Yang De‐Long , Jing Rui‐Lian , Chang Xiao‐Ping , Li Wei 
Published: May 2007

AbstractParameters of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics (PCFKs) under drought stress condition are generally used to characterize instincts for dehydration tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Therefore, it is important to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for PCFKs in wheat genetic improvement for drought tolerance. A doubled haploid (DH) population with 150 lines, derived from a cross between two common wheat varieties, Hanxuan 10 and Lumai 14, was used to analyze the correlation between PCFKs and chlorophyll content (ChlC) and to map QTLs at the grain‐filling stage under conditions of both rainfed (drought stress, DS) and well‐watered (WW), respectively. QTLs for these traits were detected by QTLMapper version 1.0 based on the composite interval mapping method of the mixed‐linear model. The results showed a very significant positive correlation between Fv, Fm, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo. The correlation coefficients were generally higher under WW than under DS. Also, there was a significant or a highly significant positive correlation between Fv, Fm, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and ChlC. The correlation coefficients were higher in the DS group than the WW group. A total of 14 additive QTLs (nine QTLs detected under DS and five QTLs under WW) and 25 pairs of epistatic QTLs (15 pairs detected under DS and 10 pairs under WW) for PCFKs were mapped on chromosomes 6A, 7A, 1B, 3B, 4D and 7D. The contributions of additive QTLs for PCFKs to phenotype variation were from 8.40% to 72.72%. Four additive QTLs (two QTLs detected under DS and WW apiece) controlling ChlC were mapped on chromosomes 1A, 5A and 7A. The contributions of these QTLs for ChlC to phenotype variation were from 7.27% to 11.68%. Several QTL clusters were detected on chromosomes 1B, 7A and 7D, but no shared chromosomal regions for them were identified under different water regimes, indicating that these QTLs performed different expression patterns under rainfed and well‐watered conditions.(Handling editor: Yong‐Biao Xue)