bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological-based cord clamping in very preterm infants: the Aeration, Breathing, Clamping 3 (ABC3) trial—statistical analysis plan for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Willemsen Sten P. , Knol Ronny , Brouwer Emma , van den Akker Thomas , DeKoninck Philip L. J. , Lopriore Enrico , Onland Wes , de Boode Willem P. , van Kaam Anton H. , Nuytemans Debbie H. , Reiss Irwin K. M. , Hutten G. Jeroen , Prins Sandra A. , Mulder Estelle E. M. , Hulzebos Christian V. , van Sambeeck Sam J. , van der Putten Mayke E. , Zonnenberg Inge A. , te Pas Arjan B. , Vermeulen Marijn J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Mortality, cerebral injury, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are common complications of very preterm birth. An important risk factor for these complications is hemodynamic instability. Pre-clinical studies suggest that the timing of umbilical cord clamping affects hemodynamic stability during transition. Standard care is time-based cord clamping (TBCC), with clamping irrespective of lung aeration. It is unknown whether delaying cord clamping until lung aeration and ventilation have been established (physiological-based cord clamping, PBCC) is more beneficial. This document describes the statistical analyses for the ABC3 trial, which aims to assess the efficacy and safety of PBCC, compared to TBCC.

Methods
The ABC3 trial is a multicenter, randomized trial investigating PBCC (intervention) versus TBCC (control) in very preterm infants. The trial is ethically approved. Preterm infants born before 30 weeks of gestation are randomized after parental informed consent.
The primary outcome is intact survival, defined as the composite of survival without major cerebral injury and/or NEC. Secondary short-term outcomes are co-morbidities and adverse events assessed during NICU admission, parental reported outcomes, and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes assessed at a corrected age of 2 years.
To test the hypothesis that PBCC increases intact survival, a logistic regression model will be estimated using generalized estimating equations (accounting for correlation between siblings and observations in the same center) with treatment and gestational age as predictors. This plan is written and submitted without knowledge of the data.

Discussion
The findings of this trial will provide evidence for future clinical guidelines on optimal cord clamping management at birth.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03808051. Registered on 17 January 2019.
Development of a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene-editing method to isolate a mutant of the unicellular green alga Parachlorella kessleri strain NIES-2152 with improved lipid productivity
Authors: Kasai Yuki , Takagi Satsuki , Ota Shuhei , Ishii Kotaro , Takeshita Tsuyoshi , Kawano Shigeyuki , Harayama Shigeaki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Previously, we isolated a mutant of Parachlorella kessleri named strain PK4 that accumulated higher concentrations of lipids than the wild-type strain. Resequencing of the PK4 genome identified mutations in three genes which may be associated with the high-lipid phenotype. The first gene, named CDMT1, encodes a protein with a calcium-dependent membrane association domain; the second gene, named DMAN1, encodes endo-1,4-β-mannanase, while the third gene, named AATPL1, encodes a plastidic ATP/ADP antiporter-like protein.

Results
To determine which of these mutant genes are directly responsible for the phenotype of strain PK4, we delivered Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoproteins targeting each of the three genes into the wild-type cells by electroporation and successfully disrupted these three genes separately. The lipid productivity in the disruptants of CDMT1 and DMAN1 was similar to and lower than that in the wild-type strain, while the disruptants of AATPL1 exhibited > 30% higher lipid productivity than the wild-type strain under diurnal conditions.

Conclusions
We succeeded in improving the lipid productivity of P. kessleri by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption of AATPL1. The effective gene-editing method established in this study will be useful to improve Parachlorella strains for industrial applications.
Integrating a self-directed ultrasound curriculum for the internal medicine clerkship
Authors: Signor Emily , Gerstenberger John , Cotton Jennifer , Colbert-Getz Jorie , Lappé Katie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Incorporating ultrasound into the clinical curriculum of undergraduate medical education has been limited by a need for faculty support. Without integration into the clinical learning environment, ultrasound skills become a stand-alone skill and may decline by the time of matriculation into residency. A less time intensive ultrasound curriculum is needed to preserve skills acquired in preclinical years. We aimed to create a self-directed ultrasound curriculum to support and assess students’ ability to acquire ultrasound images and to utilize ultrasound to inform clinical decision-making.

Methods
Third year students completed the self-directed ultrasound curriculum during their required internal medicine clerkship. Students used Butterfly iQ+ portable ultrasound probes. The curriculum included online modules that focused on clinical application of ultrasound as well as image acquisition technique. Students were graded on image acquisition quality and setting, a patient write-up focused on clinical decision-making, and a multiple-choice quiz. Student feedback was gathered with an end-of-course survey. Faculty time was tracked.

Results
One hundred and ten students participated. Students averaged 1.79 (scale 0–2; SD = 0.21) on image acquisition, 78% (SD = 15%) on the quiz, and all students passed the patient write-up. Most reported the curriculum improved their clinical reasoning (72%), learning of pathophysiology (69%), and patient care (55%). Faculty time to create the curriculum was approximately 45 h. Faculty time to grade student assignments was 38.5 h per year.

Conclusions
Students were able to demonstrate adequate image acquisition, use of ultrasound to aid in clinical decision-making, and interpretation of ultrasound pathology with no in-person faculty instruction. Additionally, students reported improved learning of pathophysiology, clinical reasoning, and rapport with patients. The self-directed curriculum required less faculty time than prior descriptions of ultrasound curricula in the clinical years and could be considered at institutions that have limited faculty support.
Resistance exercising on unstable surface leads to Pupil Dilation
Authors: Claußen Lisa , Heidelbach Tabea 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic resistance training and acute resistance exercises improve physical performance and can enhance cognitive performance. However, there is still uncertainty about the mechanism(s) responsible for cognitive improvement following resistance training and exercise. Recent findings suggest that resistance exercise has metabolic as well as cognitive demands, which potentially activate similar neural circuitry associated with higher-order cognitive function tasks. Exercising on unstable devices increases the coordinative and metabolic demands and thus may further increase cognitive activation during resistance exercise. The measurement of pupil diameter could provide indications of cognitive activation and arousal during resistance exercise. Pupil dilation is linked to the activity in multiple neuromodulatory systems (e.g., activation of the locus coeruleus and the release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (LC-NE system)), which are involved in supporting processes for executive control. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive activation measured by pupil diameter during an acute bout of resistance exercise on stable and unstable surfaces.

Methods
18 participants (23.5 ± 1.5 years; 10 females) performed ten kettlebell squats in a preferred repetition velocity in stable and unstable (BOSU® Balance Trainer) ground conditions. Pupil diameter was recorded with eye tracking glasses (SMI ETG) during standing (baseline) and during squatting. Raw pupil data were cleaned of artifacts (missing values were linearly interpolated) and subjected to a subtractive baseline correction. A student t-test was used to compare mean pupil diameter between ground conditions.

Results
The mean pupil diameter was significantly greater during squats in the unstable condition than in the stable condition, t (17) = -2.63, p =.018, Cohen’s dZ = -0.62; stable: 0.49 ± 0.32 mm; unstable: 0.61 ± 0.25 mm).

Conclusion
As indicated by pupil dilation, the use of unstable devices can increase the cognitive activation and effort during acute bouts of resistance exercise. Since pupil dilation is only an indirect method, further investigations are necessary to describe causes and effects of neuromodulatory system activity during resistance exercise. Resistance training with and without surface instability can be recommended to people of all ages as a physically and cognitively challenging training program contributing to the preservation of both physical and cognitive functioning.
Canopy gap impacts on soil organic carbon and nutrient dynamic: a meta-analysis
Authors: Tong Ran , Ji Biyong , Wang G. Geoff , Lou Chenyang , Ma Cong , Zhu Nianfu , Yuan Wenwen , Wu Tonggui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Key message
The forest canopy gaps, formed by natural or anthropogenic factors, have been found to reduce soil carbon content and increase nutrient availability. The magnitudes of these effects have been observed to increase with gap age and size, and are largely influenced by changes in temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation.

Context
Local studies have illustrated the influence of canopy gaps on the spatial heterogeneity of soil carbon and nutrients, playing a pivotal role in driving forest regeneration and succession. Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown whether the response of soil carbon and nutrient content to gap formation is consistent across forest ecosystems at global scale.

Aims
The aim of this paper is to assess the homogeneity of the observed responses of soil carbon and nutrients following gap formation among a wide array of forest ecosystems and climatic regions.

Methods
We performed a meta-analysis synthesizing 2127 pairwise observations from 52 published articles to quantify the changes in in soil physical, chemical, and microbial variables resulting from gap creation in natural forests and plantations spanning tropical to boreal regions.

Results
Canopy gaps resulted in significant decrease of soil organic carbon (Corg) and microbial carbon (Cmic). The concentrations of ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3−), and available phosphorus (available P) increased following gap creation. These changes mainly occurred in the growing season and in the mineral soil layer, becoming more pronounced with increasing gap age and size. The change in Corg was negatively regulated by mean annual precipitation, and was associated with the changes in Nt and Nmic. The change in NH4+ was positively regulated by mean annual temperature, and was associated with the changes in available P and oxidoreductases (Ox-EEAs). The model explaining the change in soil carbon content exhibited a higher explanatory power than the one accounting for changes in soil nutrient availability.

Conclusion
The results indicated that forest canopy gaps resulted in a reduction in soil carbon content and an increase in nutrient availability. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of small-scale disturbances as drivers of forest ecosystem succession.
Inter-provenance variability and phenotypic plasticity of wood and leaf traits related to hydraulic safety and efficiency in seven European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances differing in yield
Authors: Kurjak Daniel , Petrík Peter , Konôpková Alena Sliacka , Link Roman M. , Gömöry Dušan , Hajek Peter , Liesebach Mirko , Leuschner Christoph , Schuldt Bernhard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Key message
Seven European beech provenances differing largely in growth performance were grown at two common garden sites in Germany and Slovakia. The intra-specific variability of most traits was explained more by phenotypic plasticity than inter-provenance variability, and efficiency-related traits showed a higher phenotypic plasticity than safety-related traits.

Context
To maintain climate-resilient future forests, replicated common-garden experiments are suited for developing assisted migration strategies for key tree species.

Aims
We analysed the magnitude of inter-provenance variability and phenotypic plasticity for 12 functional traits of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and analysed whether the climate at the place of origin left an imprint. Moreover, we asked whether growth is unrelated to xylem safety and to what extent the foliar, xylem and growth-related traits are coordinated.

Methods
Terminal branches were collected from 19-year-old and 22-year-old trees of seven European beech provenances planted at two common garden sites in Germany and Slovakia, respectively. Three hydraulic, three wood anatomical and four foliar traits were measured and related to two growth-related variables.

Results
At the two sites, the same pair of provenances showed the highest and lowest growth. Nevertheless, a high degree of phenotypic plasticity was observed, as all traits differed significantly between sites after accounting for provenance effects, with hydraulic safety-related traits showing the lowest and efficiency-related traits the highest plasticity. There was no evidence for inter-provenance variability in xylem embolism resistance (P50) or the foliar carbon isotope signature (δ13C), a proxy for intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), and both were unrelated to growth. P50 was positively correlated with the lumen-to-sapwood area ratio and vessel density.

Conclusions
Because of the lacking trade-off between embolism resistance and growth, highly productive provenances can be selected without reducing the drought tolerance of the branch xylem. However, as xylem safety is only one element of a trees’ drought response, it may be beneficial to select provenances with other more conservative drought adaptations such as smaller vessel lumen areas for increasing xylem safety and small supported total leaf areas for reduction of total transpiration.
Technological turbulence as hindrance between factors influencing readiness of senior management and implementing blockchain technology in Jordanian Islamic banks: a structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Alnsour Ibrahim Radwan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to identify the factors that influence senior management for adopting blockchain technology in the banking industry in general and Islamic banking in particular. Furthermore, the research addressed the moderating role of technological turbulence as it holds a significant hindering role. This study employed the analytical approach, and the data were collected through questionnaires distributed to several senior management employees in both the Jordan Islamic Bank and the Islamic Arab Bank. The research instrument was developed and confirmed by the experts in the field. For identifying the significance of the variables incorporated in the researchers applied structural equation modeling technique. The findings revealed that economic efficiency, bank security, customer expectations, education, training and preparation all are significant predictors of readiness for implementing blockchain technology in the Islamic banks in Jordan. The study concluded that blockchain technology should be adopted by all Islamic banks because of its advantages and also the management needs to be educated regarding the same; they should be provided appropriate training.
Joint analysis of interaction and psychological characteristics in english teaching based on multimodal integration
Authors: Li Chao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe intersection of psychology and English teaching is profound, as the application of psychological principles not only guides specific English instruction but also elevates the overall quality of teaching. This paper takes a multimodal approach, incorporating image, acoustics, and text information, to construct a joint analysis model for English teaching interaction and psychological characteristics. The novel addition of an attention mechanism in the multimodal fusion process enables the development of an English teaching psychological characteristics recognition model. The initial step involves balancing the proportions of each emotion, followed by achieving multimodal alignment. In the cross-modal stage, the interaction of image, acoustics, and text is facilitated through a cross-modal attention mechanism. The utilization of a multi-attention mechanism not only enhances the network’s representation capabilities but also streamlines the complexity of the model. Empirical results demonstrate the model’s proficiency in accurately identifying five psychological characteristics. The proposed method achieves a classification accuracy of 90.40% for psychological features, with a commendable accuracy of 78.47% in multimodal classification. Furthermore, the incorporation of the attention mechanism in feature fusion contributes to an improved fusion effect.
The double-edged sword of becoming a caregiver: dynamic impact on four dimensions of well-being in Norway
Authors: Methi Fredrik , Nes Ragnhild Bang , Skirbekk Vegard , Hansen Thomas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Becoming a caregiver can be a transformative journey with profound, multifaceted implications for well-being. However, existing research predominantly emphasizes the negative aspects of caregiving, paying less attention to the positive sides. This study aims to explore the impact of transitioning into a caregiving role on various well-being indicators, such as negative hedonic, positive hedonic, eudaimonic, and social well-being.

Methods
We use Norwegian panel data (2019–2021) and employ a combination of nearest-neighbour matching and a difference-in-differences approach to analyse well-being trajectories among new caregivers (n = 304) and non-caregivers (n = 7822). We assess ten items capturing the dimensions of negative hedonic (anxiousness, sadness, and worriedness), positive hedonic (happiness and life satisfaction), eudaimonic (contributing to others’ happiness, engagement, and meaning), and social (strong social relations and loneliness) well-being.

Results
Our results show a general increase in negative hedonic well-being and a decline in positive hedonic well-being for new caregivers. These impacts are larger for caregivers providing daily care, compared to those providing weekly and monthly care, and for those providing care inside rather than outside their own household. We observe only minor differences regarding gender and age. Interestingly, we also notice neutral or beneficial changes for eudaimonic aspects of well-being; of note, caregivers generally experience an increased sense of contributing to others’ happiness.

Conclusion
Our study reveals that adopting a caregiving role often leads to significant psychosocial challenges, especially in intensive caregiving situations. However, it also uncovers potential positive influences on eudaimonic aspects of well-being. Future research should explore underlying explanatory mechanisms, to inform strategies that enhance caregivers’ well-being.
Impressions of Guangzhou city in Qing dynasty export paintings in the context of trade economy: a color analysis of paintings based on k-means clustering algorithm
Authors: Ao Jinghui , Ye Ziying , Li Weicong , Ji Shanshan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Study on export paintings has gradually shifted from artistic form to cultural connotation, with an emphasis on cross-cultural communication. Although the economic and social dimensions of their artistic value have been explored, few studies delve into the connection between Qing-era Guangzhou's trade culture and its color characteristics. Utilizing the HSV color model and the k-means algorithm, this study analyzes the color traits of 35 export paintings depicting Guangzhou landscapes and works from the "Thirteen-houses commercial zone," revealing Qing-era Guangzhou's urban impressions and Sino-Western artistic interactions. Key findings include: (1) the hue pixel range in Guangzhou export paintings primarily spans 10°–60° and 120°–250° (dominated by red and yellow-green), saturation values range from 1–82% (primarily low saturation), and value values range from 11–94% (with a wide variance); (2) compared to traditional Chinese paintings, the transformation from pure color (正色) → inter-color (间色) → projection-perspective and light source illustrates both the blending of Eastern and Western artistic cultures and a diminishing influence of traditional ceremonial culture; (3) in contrast with Western artworks, some Guangzhou export paintings display a Westernization trend in color structures, evident in vibrant colors and stark chiaroscuro contrasts. As bespoke art commodities, export paintings microscopically reflect Guangzhou's unique trade culture and socio-political dynamics. The shifts in color schemes, integration of realistic styles, and human-centric characteristics unveil the intricate interplay between quasi-realism and transcendental aesthetics in Qing-era Guangzhou, as well as the nuanced dynamics between social capital and art within a global trade network.
Three-dimensional deviation analysis and digital visualization of shape change before and after conservation treatment of historic kiln site
Authors: Jo Young Hoon , Kim Young Hwan , Lee Hae Soon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Gangjin Celadon Kiln, after its excavation in 1982, was relocated and restored in 1987 and subjected to primary conservation treatment in 2007. However, many problems such as soil disintegration and cavitation occurred in the kiln until recently. In this study, the shape changes due to the conservation treatment in 2020, which was performed to maintain the original shape of the kiln site, were recorded via three-dimensional (3D) scanning, and numerical analysis was conducted to ensure continuous monitoring and preventive conservation. From the results of this study, the locations and ranges of shape changes before and after the conservation treatment of the kiln site were identified through root-mean-square (RMS) deviation analysis and visualization, and the ranges of reinforcement and soil mulch removal were quantified through the deviations at different points. In particular, the most noticeable shape changes occurring from the conservation treatment on the kiln site with 11.2 m long and 16.7° slope were around 15 mm, and many relative changes of 40 mm or more were also observed. In addition, a reinforcement of approximately 40 mm thickness at the least and a flattening were prominently evident on the floor of the working space; the inside of the combustion chamber was visualized with a reinforcement of at least about 50 mm. Damage caused by natural or artificial factors is expected because two extensive conservation treatments were applied in 2007 and 2020 to the kiln sites. Therefore, short-term monitoring using periodic 3D scanning and time-series data comparisons is necessary for the identification of the point of shape change and the determination of major damaged areas so that a mid- to long-term monitoring plan can be established based on the findings of such observations. In addition, predictive modeling research is mandated to detect areas in the entire kiln site that exhibit a greater probability of deterioration based on the available shape change data.