bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the ear and temporal bone
Authors: Wiatrak Brian J. , Pensak Myles L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma, the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood, involves the temporal bone in approximately 7% of reported cases. Until recently, the outcome of this disease was always fatal. The recent Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRS‐I) reported on the efficacy of multimodality therapy consisting of multiagent chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical resection when indicated.Twelve patients with rhabdomyosarcoma involving the temporal bone were treated between 1966 and 1988. Three patients were treated according to the IRS‐I protocols and the remaining nine patients received various combinations of treatment modalities. Ten patients succumbed to their disease, most with distant metastases or intracranial extension. Two patients are alive; one at 5½ years and one at 19 years.It is apparent that, although survival for rhabdomyosarcoma in general has improved with the use of IRS‐I protocols, prognosis remains poor for disease involving the temporal bone and other parameningeal sites.
Safety of total thyroidectomy: Review of 100 consecutive cases
Authors: Tovi Ferit , Noyek Arnold M. , Chapnik Jerry S. , Freeman Jeremy L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDuring a 6‐year period (June 1982 to June 1988), 100 consecutive total thyroidectomies were performed at Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, for benign and malignant disease. There were five permanent complications: one deliberate sacrifice of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and four cases of persistent hypoparathyroidism. Four of these five complications occurred in extracapsular carcinoma and resulted from oncologic wide‐field resection and/or deliberate sacrifice. One patient with benign disease suffered initially transient hypoparathyroidism which has now become permanent. Interestingly, two patients actually underwent deliberate sacrifice of a recurrent laryngeal nerve; one patient has made a surprising recovery at 16 months postoperative and now has full vocal cord mobility.Our experience suggests that the morbidity of total thyroidectomy relates primarily to the stage of malignancy and extracapsular extension, necessitating en bloc excision accompanied by additional lymph node dissection. The low incidence of permanent complications in benign thyroid disease suggests the feasibility of total thyroidectomy as the operation of choice when surgeons are familiar with the technique and indications.
Lymphokine‐activated killing of autologous and allogeneic short‐term cultured head and neck squamous carcinomas
Authors: Leess Fred R. , Bredenkamp James K. , Lichtenstein Alan , Mickel Robert A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInterleukin‐2‐(IL‐2)‐activated lymphocytes have been shown to kill a variety of continuously cultured allogeneic (nonself), natural killer cell‐sensitive and resistant cell lines, and some autologous (Belt) tumor cells. Lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cytotoxicity of autologous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells has not been previously demonstrated, and efforts to demonstrate this have been hampered by the lack of a reliable and reproducible method of obtaining satisfactory tumor targets. In this study, fresh tumor cells were enzymatical‐ly dissociated, enriched by adherence to plastic, and used in a 3‐hour chromium‐51 cytotoxicity assay. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were incubated for 3 days with or without added IL‐2. IL‐2‐activated PBLs showed significant cytotoxicity against autologous and allogeneic targets, while only low levels of tumor lysis occurred with unstimulated PBLs. These findings suggest the possible use of IL‐2‐activated lymphocytes in the adoptive immunotherapy of HNSCC patients.
Recovery of inspiratory abduction of the paralyzed vocal cords after bilateral reinnervation of the cricoarytenoid muscles by one single branch of the phrenic nerve
Authors: Baldissera F. , Cantarella G. , Marini G. , Ottaviani F. , Tredici G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to provide the bilateral reinnervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles by the superior root of the right phrenic nerve. In six adult cats, the right phrenic root was anastomosed to the distal stump of the transected recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) on the same side. The RLN adductor branch was then cut and anastomosed to a nerve graft whose end was carried contra‐laterally and sutured to the left RLN or to the left PCA muscle.The phrenic fibers regrowing along the RLN abductor branch reinnervated the right PCA muscle and restored the inspiratory abduction of the right vocal cord in all the animals. In five of the six cats, the fibers regenerated through the RLN adductor branch and the graft reached the left PCA muscle and also restored the inspiratory opening of the larynx on the left side.Histological nerve examination revealed a fairly symmetrical distribution of the regenerated phrenic axons to the right and left PCA muscles.
Modulation of middle ear immune response by gut immunization
Authors: Bresnick Stephen D. , Ryan Allen F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSwallowing of upper respiratory pathogens which may at another time be involved in otitis media with effusion (OME) undoubtedly occurs in many patients. In order to explore the possible immunologic consequences to the middle ear (ME) of such gut exposure, guinea pigs were fed antigen either before or after systemic sensitization. A ME immune response was then elicited by ME antigenic challenge. Feeding before systemic sensitization induced systemic tolerance and blunted both the ME immune response and immune‐mediated OME. Feeding after systemic sensitization amplified ME immunity and increased immune‐mediated OME. Gut immunization, therefore, provides a potent modulation of ME immune response. Depending upon its timing, pathogen swallowing could produce immune hyporesponsiveness, with lowered resistance to infection but reduced immune‐mediated inflammation. Alternatively, swallowing could result in immune hyperre‐sponsiveness, with increased resistance but also increased inflammation.
Infectious adult croup
Authors: Deeb Ziad E. , Einhorn Kenneth H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFrom January 1980 to December 1987, seven patients with acute inflammatory swelling of the subglottic space were treated. Their ages ranged from 25 to 73 years. Medical history and symptomatology are similar to those characteristic of laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) in the pedi‐atric age groups (i.e, an antecedent common cold followed by a barking cough and varying symptoms of upper airway obstruction). Physical findings before and after treatment were confirmed and documented by anteroposterior radiographs of the neck. Three patients required airway intervention but there were no deaths. To our knowledge there are no previous reports in the English literature describing this entity in adults. The purpose of this presentation was to introduce physicians, in general, and otolaryngologists, in particular, to this potentially serious infection. Our limited experience suggests that the pathogenesis and management of croup in adults are very similar to those in children.
Optic nerve decompression via the lateral facial approach
Authors: Knox Barton E. , Gates George A. , Berry Susan M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo cases of visual loss after lateral orbital wall fracture are presented: one with retrobulbar hematoma and evidence of optic nerve compression who failed to respond to lateral canthotomy and high‐dose corticosteroid administration, and the second with immediate, total blindness associated with fracture of the bony optic canal. In both, extradural decompression of the orbit and optic nerve was achieved through the lateral facial approach1 with partial return of visual acuity and without surgical complications.The role of orbital and optic nerve decompression in the management of patients with blindness following orbital trauma is controversial. Orbital decompression may be of value for cases of post‐traumatic visual loss unresponsive to medical management. If optic nerve injury is suspected as the cause, the additional step of decompression of the optic nerve is a logical but unproven procedure. The indications for optic nerve decompression are not established and should be considered only within the context of the specific needs of the individual patient.
Delayed spontaneous return of hearing after acoustic tumor surgery: Evidence for cochlear nerve conduction block
Authors: Kveton John F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUnlike the eventual resolution of facial paralysis in most patients with intact facial nerves, delayed hearing return after acoustic tumor resection is rare. This discrepancy in recovery has been ascribed to the inherent resilience of the facial nerve (a special visceral efferent nerve) to injury versus the cochlear nerve (a special somatic afferent nerve). In the presence of an intact cochlear nerve, hearing loss has been attributed to transection or spasm of the internal auditory artery or to direct mechanical trauma to the cochlear nerve during manipulation of the tumor. The possibility of a reversible conduction block in the cochlear nerve has not been considered. A review of three instances of delayed spontaneous hearing recovery several months after acoustic tumor resection suggests that a conduction block phenomenon can exist. This report describes the patho‐physiology and the possible intraoperative predisposing features of this condition.
Atypical findings in cephalic herpes zoster polyneuritis: Case reports and radiographic findings
Authors: Golden Lindsay I. , Deeb Ziad E. , Defries Hugh 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this presentation is to report six patients who were seen because of multiple cranial nerve deficits occurring within a clinical picture of herpes zoster of the head and trunk. The clinical behavior, diagnostic methods, treatment, and outcome of the patients in this series are reviewed. The vagus and cochleovestibular nerves were affected in all of the patients. Three patients had radio‐graphic evidence of a mass in the nasopharyngeal region. Malignancies were ruled out by repeated biopsies.
Tracheoesophageal speech: With and without tracheostoma valve
Authors: Zanoff Donald J. , Montague James C. , Drummond Sakina , Krueger Kathleen , Wold Donald 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe tracheostoma valve, developed by Blom and Singer1 combines the advantages of pulmonary air for phonation with hands‐free speech. Patients have anecdotally reported “more normal speech” with the use of the valve. This study was designed to objectively determine if speech acoustic and temporal measures existed between tracheoesophageal puncture using the valve, and those without the valve prosthesis, during speech production among the same subjects.The speech samples of nine male Iaryngectomees were recorded with and without the valve. Six speech acoustic and temporal measures were calculated and compared under both speaking conditions. No statistically significant differences were found between the two speaking conditions for the six tasks measured. However, other advantages and disadvantages were observed and reported under the valve condition.
Surgical therapy of obstructive sleep apnea in children with severe mental insufficiency
Authors: Seid Allan B. , Martin Peter J. , Pransky Seth M. , Kearns Donald B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea is the underlying cause of a variety of pediatric maladies, including pulmonary hypertension and failure to thrive. In children, unlike adults, obstruction secondary to lymphoid hyperplasia is often encountered; adenotonsillectomy restores airway patency. Patients who fail this procedure, such as children with cerebral palsy and associated muscular hypotonia, may face tracheotomies. We report on 10 pediatric patients with severe mental insufficiency and obstructive sleep apnea in whom palatal hypotonicity and lack of adenotonsillar hypertrophy was identified. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty was performed in conjunction with adenotonsillectomy to enlarge the diameter of the nasopharyngeal inlet with successful resolution of the obstructive symptoms in eight patients. The remaining two children required more surgery. This procedure is presented as a possible alternative to tracheotomy in selected patients.
Inner ear autoantibodies in patients with rapidly progressive sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Harris Jeffrey P. , Sharp Patricia A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRecognition of immune‐mediated sensorineural deafness that responds to immunosuppressive therapy has led to a search for a diagnostic assay to identify inner ear autoantibodies. Without a confirmed diagnosis of autoimmune disease, many patients have undergone inappropriate immunosuppressive treatment or developed irreversible inner ear damage.Serum from patients with progressive sensorineural hearing loss (N=54), ulcerative colitis (N=5), normal controls (N=14), and animals with experimental autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss (EASNHL) were analyzed by Western blot against fresh bovine inner ear antigen preparations. The hearing loss group (19 [35%]) showed a single‐or double‐band migrating at 68,000 molecular weight (MW), differing from the normal group (1 of 14 [7%]) which showed a similar band (P = .031).Upon analysis by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis both the EASNHL guinea pigs and a patient reacted against identical components of inner ear antigen. These results suggest an autoimmune basis for disease in patients reacting against the 68,000 MW antigen.
Tracheobronchial aspiration of foreign bodies in children: A study of 94 cases
Authors: Steen Kay H. , Zimmermann T. H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOver the last seven years, there has been an increase in the number of children admitted to our hospital because of aspirated foreign bodies. An inhaled foreign body can become a serious matter if it results in acute respiratory distress or if it remains unrecognized for a long period in the bronchial system. Then, as a result of inflammatory tissue reactions, it can be extracted only with great difficulty. Of our 94 children with foreign body aspiration, 24% had been treated initially on the basis of a different diagnosis. In 30% of all cases, the children were admitted more than 3 days after aspiration. One third of the patients already had signs of marked inflammation on admission. Early treatment, under general anaesthesia, proved to be safe even for small babies. Bronchoscopic examinations should not last more than approximately 1 hour. All children who had complications after bronchoscopy (6%) recovered fully after treatment, except for one child who died of respiratory failure. A diminution of complications in children with inflammatory signs on admission was observed when they were treated before the operation with antibiotics and methylprednisolone.
Spectral analysis of airflow sounds in patent versus occluded tracheostomy tubes: A pilot study in tracheostomized adult patients
Authors: Rao Avasarala Jagannadha , Niwa Hideto , Watanabe Yusuke , Fukuta Shigeji , Yanagita Noriyuki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCannula occlusion is a life‐threatening postoperative complication of tracheostomy. Current management largely relies on nursing care for prevention of fatalities because no proven mechanical, machine‐based support monitoring exists. The objective of this paper was to address the problem of monitoring the state of cannula patency, based on analysis of airflow acoustic spectral patterns in tracheostomized adult patients in the patent and partially occluded cannula. Tracheal airflow sounds were picked up via a condenser microphone air‐coupled to the skin just below the tracheal stoma. Signal output from Mic was amplified, high‐pass filtered, digital tape‐recorded, and analyzed on a mainframe computer. Although airflow frequencies for patent cannulae were predominantly low‐pitched (0.1 to 0.3 kHz), occluded tubes had discrete high‐pitched spectral peaks (1.3 to 1.6 kHz). These results suggest that frequency analysis of airflow sounds can identify a change in the status of cannula patency.
Oral ofloxacin as treatment of malignant external otitis: A study of 17 cases
Authors: Levy Rudy , Shpitzer Thomas , Shvero Jacob , Pitlik Silvio Daniel 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeventeen patients with malignant external otitis were treated with oral ofloxacin. Their mean age was 69 years. Seven of the patients were diabetic.Paeudomonas aeruginosa, sensitive to ofloxacin (Kirby‐Bauer method, inhibition zone ≥22 mm), was isolated from the external auditory canal in all patients. Ofloxacin (200 mg b.i.d.) was given to the patients for 12 to 39 days. Two patients also received additional parenteral antibiotic therapy. Subjective and objective improvement occurred in all patients during treatment, and complete resolution was documented in all patients, with one exception. Only one patient suffered recurrence 2 weeks after discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy. The results of our study suggest that oral ofloxacin is an effective treatment for malignant external otitis caused by Paeudomonas aeruginosa.
Laryngeal findings in short rib polydactyly syndrome: Case report and embryological correlations
Authors: Knapp Calvin H. , Santin‐Hodges Antonio , Cole Randolph R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractShort Rib Polydactyly Syndrome (SRPS) is a group of rare congenital disorders characterized by polydactyly, short limbs, and short ribs. Infants with type I SRPS (Majewski syndrome) may exhibit dysgenesis of the larynx, which is manifested by epiglottic hypoplasia. Photographic documentation of laryngeal findings obtained at autopsy in an affected infant is provided. To our knowledge, such photographic documentation has not been previously published.Normal laryngeal development is reviewed, based on the Carnegie system of staging. The developmental errors leading to SRPS are thought to occur at 33 to 48 days of fetal life (Carnegie stages 15 through 19).
Management of tumors arising in the parapharyngeal space
Authors: Carrau Ricardo L. , Myers Eugene N. , Johnson Jonas T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTumors originating in the parapharyngeal space are rare. During the period of January 1977 to July 1989, 51 patients underwent surgery for parapharyngeal space tumors at the University of Pittsburgh's Eye and Ear Hospital. Eighty percent of the parapharyngeal space neoplasms were benign; 20% were malignant. Fifty‐seven percent (31/54) were of neurogenic origin, 30% (16/54) were of salivary origin, and 13% (7/54) were of miscellaneous origin. The use of computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging, and selective use of angiography, allowed us to ascertain the location, size, vascularity, and relation of parapharyngeal space tumors to surrounding anatomical structures. Imaging techniques established the site of origin of these tumors with 96% accuracy. This information was essential in planning surgical approaches and predicting prognoses. Details of the surgery, morbidity, and outcome of these patients are presented.
Adjuvant methotrexate‐5‐fluorouracil for extracapsular squamous cell carcinoma in cervical metastasis
Authors: Johnson Jonas T. , Myers Eugene N. , Sigler Barbara A. , Wagner Robin L. , Mayernik David G. , Nolan Teresa A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA trial of surgery, irradiation, and adjuvant chemotherapy was offered to patients with extracapsular spread of squamous cell carcinoma in cervical metastases. Following surgery and irradiation, methotrexate, 5‐fluorouracil, and Ieucovorin were administered 18 times over 6 months.Fifty patients undertook chemotherapy, while 47 patients declined further therapy. Comparison of the two groups according to stage, site, and Karnofsky performance status demonstrated no significant differences. The number of nodes encountered and the number and percentage of nodes with extracapsular spread were similar in the two groups.The minimum 5‐year adjusted survival for patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy is 54% (20 of 37 patients), while survival of patients who failed to undertake adjuvant chemotherapy was 17% (5 of 30 patients). These data suggest the efficacy of methotrexate‐5‐fluorouracil adjuvant chemotherapy and support the need for a prospective randomized clinical trial.
Hearing preservation following suboccipital removal of acoustic neuromas
Authors: Kemink John L. , Telian Steven A. , Larouere Michael J. , Kileny Paul R. , Hoff Julian T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAdvances in the diagnosis and intraoperative management of acoustic neuromas have greatly reduced the incidence of neurologic deficits following their removal. Ninety‐three patients underwent acoustic tumor removal during a 4½‐year period, and hearing preservation was attempted in 20 cases. Hearing was preserved in 65% of the entire series, and excellent results were obtained in tumors less than 1.5 cm. No patient with a tumor greater than 1.5 cm had serviceable hearing preserved when total tumor removal was performed. Two patients, one with neurofibromatosis and one with an acoustic neuroma in an only‐hearing ear, had planned partial tumor removal with preservation of hearing. Preoperative auditory brainstem response results were not predictive of postoperative hearing preservation. Intraoperative auditory brainstem response monitoring demonstrated that loss of wave V consistently correlated with loss of hearing postoperatively, whereas persistence of wave V (with a latency prolongation not exceeding 3.00 ms) was predictive of successful hearing preservation regardless of latency increases.
Anterior cranial base reconstruction: Role of galeal and pericranial flaps
Authors: Snyderman Carl H. , Janecka Ivo P. , Sekhar Laligam N. , Sen Chandra N. , Eibling David E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractReconstruction of surgical defects in 30 patients undergoing surgery of the anterior cranial base was performed using pericranial, galeopericranial, and galeal scalp flaps. Twenty‐seven patients had resection of neoplasms, the majority of which were malignant. Fifty‐seven percent of patients received prior therapy consisting of surgery and/or radiotherapy. Adequate healing of the cranial base was noted in all cases without persistent cerebrospinal fluid leaks, meningitis, or brain herniation. Mucosalization of the intranasal surface was noted. No skin grafts were used. At a median follow‐up of 13 months, 67% of patients were alive with no evidence of disease.The pericranial, galeopericranial, and galeal flaps are highly reliable, versatile, and well suited for reconstruction of the anterior cranial base.