bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The characteristic change of mRNA expression profile in plasmaexosomes from patients with MPO-ANCA associated vasculitis and itspossible connections with pathogenesis
Authors: Chen Yangfan , Zhou Dongqing , Qian Xin , Ge Shangqing , Shuai Zongwen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
To explore the expression characteristics and potential roles of mRNAs in exosomes from the patients with MPO-AAV.
Methods
Plasma exosomes were isolated from MPO-AAV patients and HC to conducted exosome mRNA sequencing to screen differential mRNA expression in MPO-AAV compared to HC. The mRNA differentially expressed in exosomes from the 2 groups were comparatively explored by bioinformatics analysis. Six mRNAs with most differential expressions were selected and validated in larger groups of MPO-AAV patient and HC by RT-PCT. The relationships between these selected mRNAs and patient clinical information will be statistically analyzed.
Results
Compared with HCs, a total of 1,077 mRNA in exosomes from MPO-AAV patients were found to be differentially expressed mRNAs significantly up-regulated included DEPDC1B and TPST1, while NSUN4 and AK4 were involved in mRNAs significantly down regulated. Statistics analysis did not find any correlation-ship between the six selected mRNAs and the patient clinical indicators including disease activity.
Conclusions
There are significant differences in the expression characteristics of exosome mRNA between MPO-AAV patients and healthy people, which may be related to the occurrence and development of MPO-AAV, which provides the clues for further investigation of MPO-AAV pathogenesis and further search for new potential therapeutic targets.
Risks and practical challenges in tracheal intubation in children with acquired laryngeal webs: Case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Wang Xin , Kong Xia , Mo Li-qun , Wan Yun-qiang , Deng Zhi-peng , Scharffenberg Martin , Wang Xiaobin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Laryngeal webs represent a rare pathological condition characterized by the narrowing of the vocal folds. Laryngeal webs and their relationship to airway management challenges/complications are well known, however, posterior laryngeal webs, predominantly acquired, represents steeper angle between the oral cavity and the glottic airway compared to congenital laryngeal webs. In addition, there is limited experience with the literature for accurately measuring vocal fold opening to minimize tracheal intubation attempts, and for determining the optimal method of artificial airway and surgical approach.
Case presentation
A 13-year-old male previously underwent adenoidectomy under general anesthesia six months ago. Subsequent to the procedure, the patient experienced a lower pitch in his voice, accompanied by a rough, hoarse quality. A consecutive fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed that a glottic web covered the dorsal half of the paired vocal folds, restricting vocal fold abduction. The diagnosis was laryngeal webs and accordingly a trans-supportive laryngoscopic microscopic CO2 laser excision was scheduled to resect the glottic web. Considering that laser-induced heat in an oxygen-enriched environment can lead to airway fire or burns, endotracheal intubation was preferred. However, due to the absent of glottic airway measure, incorrect size of tracheal tubes were used. In addition, the different risks associated with the angle between the oral cavity and anterior/posterior glottic airway were underestimated, leading to vocal cord edema and emergency airway occurrence. An emergency tracheotomy was performed promptly to ensure the patient's oxygenation. Inspired by this case, we developed a simple image identification program for rapid measurement of the vocal fold and provided recommendations for surgical approach selection based on differences in the degree of difficulty of the artificial airway and surgical intervention.
Conclusion
The presented case and the literature reviewed suggest that improved preoperative assessment of patent glottic airway opening, appropriate use of airway management techniques, rescue strategies, and selection of an optimal surgical treatment are of utmost importance for preventing life-threatening complications in patients with acquired laryngeal webs.
Preoperative DCE-MRI radiomics-based machine learning model to predict sentinel lymph node metastasis in clinical N0 breast cancer
Authors: Tsuchiya Mitsuteru 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
To establish and validate radiomics-based machine learning models based on dynamic contrast–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for the preoperative identification of sentinel lymph node metastases (SLNM) in patients with clinical N0 (cN0) breast cancer.
Methods
Preoperative DCE-MRI images of patients with cN0 breast cancer were collected from September 2006 through December 2021 from 144 SLNM-positive patients and 144 age-matched SLNM-negative patients. The patients were randomly divided into training (n = 200) and validation (n = 88) sets. Radiomic features were extracted from the first phase of the DCE-MRI. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to select the radiomics features. Four machine learning classifiers were evaluated: k-nearest neighbor, random forest, support vector machine, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting.
Results
Five radiomic features were selected using LASSO logistic regression. Our radiomics models showed good calibration and prediction values with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve from 0.70 to 0.77 and from 0.68 to 0.75 in the training and validation sets, respectively. In the validation set, the SVM model achieved the highest value with an AUC of 0.75, with a sensitivity of 70.5%, specificity of 77.3%, and accuracy of 73.9%.
Conclusion
MRI radiomics-based machine learning models can be useful for preoperative prediction of SLNM in cN0 breast cancer.
Adapting to new challenges in Medical Education: A Three-Step Digitization Approach for Blended Learning
Authors: Gellisch Morris , Morosan-Puopolo Gabriela , Brand-Saberi Beate , Schäfer Thorsten 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This research work focuses on evaluating the development of our three-step digitization approach, designed to transform traditional lectures into engaging digital learning experiences. Aimed at offering an easy-to-use solution for educators, this approach addresses the pressing challenges of modern educational environments by enhancing accessibility, engagement, and effectiveness of learning through digital means. Quantitative analysis demonstrated a notable increase in knowledge gain for students engaged with the digital format (t(230) = -2.795, p = 0.006) over traditional methods. Additionally, it was observed that the online setting significantly improved concentration levels (t(230) = -5.801, p < .001) and reduced distractions (t(230) = 2.848, p = 0.005). Emotional assessments, based on the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ), indicated an elevation in enjoyment (t(230) = -4.717, p < .001) and a reduction in anxiety (t(230) = 9.446, p < .001) within the digital learning environment. A substantial preference for the digital course format was expressed by 61.0% of participants, with 71.4% acknowledging its superior efficiency compared to 14.3% for traditional lectures. Qualitative feedback underscored the digital format's flexibility, comprehensive learning experience, and immediate feedback as key benefits. Nevertheless, nuances such as a preferred understanding in face-to-face interactions and the absence of a social component in digital settings were noted. To conclude, the findings from this study illuminate the significant advantages of the three-step digitization approach in meeting contemporary educational challenges. By facilitating an enhanced knowledge acquisition and fostering a supportive emotional climate, this approach signifies a promising direction for the future of medical education and beyond, fusing the convenience of digital solutions with the depth and engagement of traditional learning methodologies.
Gender Differences in the Impact of Anatomical Factors on Non- contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: A Magnetic Resonance Study
Authors: Jin Xixin , Wu Xujin , Xu Wei , She Chang , Li Liubing , Mao Yongtao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To identify MRI-detected anatomical risk factors for non-contact ACL injuries across genders.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 141 ACL-reconstructed patients (35 females, 106 males) and 142 controls (37 females, 105 males) from January 2020 to April 2022. Inclusion criteria were primary non-contact ACL injuries. We measured the tibial plateau slope, lateral femoral condyle index, Insall-Salvati index, and patellar tendon angle, using binary logistic regression for gender-specific risk evaluation.
Results
Increased lateral tibial plateau slope, reduced intercondylar notch width index, lateral femoral condyle index, and patellar tendon angle correlated with ACL injuries in both genders (P < 0.05). The Insall-Salvati index was a significant risk factor in females (P = 0.001) but not in males (P = 0.601).
Conclusion
Anatomical variations like the lateral tibial plateau slope and the Insall-Salvati index in females are significant ACL injury risk factors. These findings suggest the need for gender-specific prevention strategies.
Re-programmable and active multilayer responsive materials based on ultra- high molecular polyethylene
Authors: Athanasopoulos Nikolaos , Chatziathanasiou Grigorios Michail 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

We have developed actively responsive materials that change their shape using hybrid multilayer structures based on the ultra-high molecular polyethylene films (UHMWPE) and copper networks. The fabrication method that is presented combines uniquely low-cost films, layer-by-layer techniques and mass production manufacturing methods from the electronic industry. Through this fabrication method, large-scale responsive surfaces can be developed. Their initial shape can be re-programmed after triggering, while the material remains functional. The developed responsive materials are activated due to the Joule-heating effect on the copper network, when an electrical voltage is applied. The geometry changes drastically due to the induced thermal stresses of the multilayer structure and the anisotropic thermo-mechanical properties, while their shape can be re-programmed in-situ without forming tools. Using X-ray diffractometry, we found that thermal annealing controls the intensity of specific crystalline planes of the polymeric film, leading to specific fabrication protocols in order to achieve great reversibility and resistance to thermal cycling fatigue. Through the integration of low-cost UHMWPE films and by controlling their crystalline structure, the materials can operate at higher temperature levels with great reversibility and sensitivity. These materials can be used in real engineering applications, where soft actuators are important, because of their versatile design and high thermal fatigue resistance.
Depression, anxiety, stress, and health quality of life in vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: Baghbani Fahimeh , Tajadiny Laleh , Aghakouchak-Afshari Setareh , Soleimani-Houni Maryam , Baniasadi Ali Khaksar , Ghazanfarpour Masumeh , Mirzaee Firoozeh , Dehghanipour Maryam , Ahmadi Atefeh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Candidal vulvovaginitis is a common fungal infection among women, affecting nearly 80% of adult women. Chronic and recurrent cases significantly impact the quality of life, often due to prolonged and indiscriminate use of antifungal drugs, leading to resistance. This resistance can result in prolonged, costly treatment and notable emotional and psychological effects. The study aims to compare the psychological effects of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as quality of life, in women with recurrent candidal vulvovaginitis to those with non-recurrent forms of infection.
Methods
The study first gathered demographic information from individuals with recurring and non-recurring candidal vulvovaginitis in health centers across Kerman City using a relevant questionnaire. Additionally, the impact of Candida vulvaginitis infection on stress, anxiety, and depression levels was assessed using a researcher-made questionnaire adapted from the DASS questionnaire. Furthermore, the participants' physical and mental well-being was evaluated using the SF-36 health-related quality of life questionnaire, consisting of 8 questions and 6 components.
Results
A total of 84 women participated in the study: 42 with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) and 42 without RVVC. After analyzing the data from the completion of two questionnaires by patients in the two groups, a significant difference in Quality of Life (QoL) was observed between them (P=0.03). However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of depression (P=0.674), anxiety (P=0.938), and stress (P=0.615).
Conclusion
Vulvovaginal candidosis significantly affects women's QoL and mental health worldwide. While its impact varies among infection forms, no significant differences were found in stress, anxiety, and depression. Clinical intervention should focus on addressing these effects, and further research with control groups is warranted for deeper understanding.
Effects of nonlinear moisture coefficients of expansion on rectangular Craquelure of oil panel paintings
Authors: Jamalabadi Mohammad Yaghoub Abdollahzadeh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In the subject of cultural heritage, understanding how craquelure develops and how it affects historical objects—especially panel paintings—is of importance. Here a bilayer system of panel painting made of gesso and wood support is considered. Gesso is a primed surface to adhere to oil. Because it is composed of paint pigment, chalk, and binder it has complex mechanical and chemical properties. The fully nonlinear gesso moisture expansion model is both used in this research to find the optimal rectangular patterns based on constructal theory. The constructal theory is utilized, which is in charge of the crack development during the initial drying phases of the produced painting. The compromise of two mechanisms—diffusion of moisture content and advection drying by fluid flow through the cracks—detects the ideal scale of rectangular patterns because the constructal theory is based on increased access to the drying currents that flow through the crack pattern. The two-dimensional rectangular solid is dried by the normal air fluid flow at the boundaries while moisture diffusion happens inside the domain. The spacing between blocks of crack islands which has the smallest drying time is then determined using parametric research as an optimal configuration. The capability of the constructal theory is shown by comparing the numerical findings with prior research and experimental data that have already been obtained. The approach and findings are generalizable to different craquelure pattern kinds and structural conservators.
How to say ‘no’ to a false memory: Leaky and noisy evidence accumulation during associative read-out
Authors: Sokolovič Leo , Hofmann Markus J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The associative-read-out model (AROM) is an interactive activation model (IAM) of semantic and episodic memory, which has already predicted behavioral and neural data during recognition memory. The core AROM is a deterministic model containing the original IAM and a semantic layer, where long-term associations between words are defined by word co-occurrence statistics. Episodic traces on the other hand are reflected by the resting level activations of semantic word units. However, the AROM lacks an explicit decision layer. Here, we extend AROM with a layer encompassing linear leaky competing accumulators, where evidence accumulation is driven by the activation from the episodic-semantic layer. We fit the resulting AROM+ with individual episodic memory traces and decision parameters and show that it can account for accuracies and response times in a recognition memory task. Further it mechanistically shows that false and veridical memories are driven by the combination of the semantic and episodic memory signals. When exploring decision-related vs. mnemonic explanations of the N400, we find that the amplitude of the N400 is driven by episodic-semantic activation at frontal, central and posterior locations. This amplitude modulation is strongest over frontal electrodes supporting the view that the frontal FN400 is also driven by memory signals. In addition, the amplitude of the FN400 was influenced by the response criteria. In sum, the AROM+ provides a convenient tool for disentangling episodic, semantic, and executive processes in recognition memory.
Inheriting and Restoring Historic Structures in Urban Renewal: A Study of "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China
Authors: Clement Francis Deng , Shutian Zhou , Mehdipour Armin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: The case study of "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China, illustrates the complex relationship between heritage preservation, urban development, and environmental sustainability. Xiamen's shift from an island-like to a bay-like city highlights challenges like air pollution, flood risks, and marine debris management. The city's rich cultural legacy is essential for conservation amidst socio-economic factors such as spatial disparities and chronic disease management. Addressing healthcare and public health considerations is crucial for sustainable urban development in Xiamen, facing environmental challenges like floods and pollution.
Objectives: The study assesses the influence of establishing the Long-term Urban Ecosystem Observation and Research Station in Xiamen on urban conservation and environmental protection, emphasizing the integration of scientific research into urban development strategies for preserving natural ecosystems and water quality in urbanizing watersheds.
Methods: The study on "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China emphasizes the importance of preserving historic structures in urban renewal projects. It focuses on understanding water quality, toxic element intake, public health, and safety assessment for sustainable preservation.
Results: The research emphasizes the effective incorporation of scientific studies and preservation initiatives in the urban redevelopment initiative of "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China. It investigates the impact of environmental, public health, and socio-economic aspects on historical buildings within urban renewal projects.
Conclusion: The study concludes that integrating scientific research, preservation efforts, and environmental considerations is crucial for the successful restoration of historic structures in urban renewal projects.
Widespread and persistent oligotrophication of northern rivers
Authors: Futter Martyn , Nilsson Jenny , Camiolo Sara , Huser Brian , Agstam-Norlin Oskar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is often a limiting nutrient in freshwaters1 and oligotrophication (declining nutrient concentrations), associated with reductions in anthropogenic loading, has occurred in many locations2,3,4,5. Here, we report on persistent and widespread oligotrophication of northern rivers (56o-66o N) that is apparently unrelated to declining anthropogenic loading. Over the past forty years, P concentrations in rivers draining minimally disturbed subarctic, boreal and nemoboreal Swedish catchments have declined by close to 50%, with more rapid declines in already nutrient poor locations. Trends are negatively related to increasing air temperature, pH and alkalinity and unrelated to calcium and organic carbon concentrations and runoff. Trends were strongest in rivers draining catchments with shallow, nutrient poor soils lying above the highest postglacial coastline. Today, P concentrations in most study rivers are below expected background (reference) levels, suggesting we are entering a new water quality regime. These widespread and ongoing P declines are likely to further increase oligotrophication of northern rivers and highlight the need for a new surface water management paradigm addressing the consequences of nutrient scarcity instead of focusing solely on actions targeting nutrient reductions.
Assessment and modeling of mercury adsorption on carbon-based adsorbents prepared from Jacaranda mimosifolia and guava biomass via pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization
Authors: Morales-Herrera Víctor Aljair , Quintero-Álvarez Fátima Gisela , Mendoza-Castillo Didilia Ileana , Reynel-Ávila Hilda Elizabeth , Aguayo-Villarreal Ismael Alejandro , Landin-Sandoval Verónica Janeth , Bonilla-Petriciolet Adrián 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The mercury adsorption properties of carbon-based materials prepared from jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia) and guava (Psidium guajava) seed wastes are reported and compared in this paper. These adsorbent samples were obtained via pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization. Mercury adsorption equilibrium was studied at pH 4 and 20–40 °C, and the adsorption enthalpy changes were calculated for all adsorbent samples. The results showed that jacaranda-based materials contained a higher amount of acidic functional groups than guava seed-based adsorbents, and consequently, their mercury adsorption properties were better. The surface area of these adsorbents was &lt;10 m2/g thus being classified as low-porosity materials. Elemental analysis indicated that all adsorbents were mainly composed of oxygen (4–25%) and carbon (75–95%). The calculated adsorption capacities at saturation of the best adsorbent were 18.05–30.09 mg/g under the tested experimental conditions. Statistical physics calculations also indicated that the adsorption mechanism of HgCl2 species was multi-molecular and endothermic. Ligand exchange and van der Waals forces were involved in generating the mercury–adsorbent interface. These results highlight the importance of comparing and optimizing biomass thermochemical conversion routes to tailor the surface properties of adsorbents used for water purification.
The Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Functional Constipation Following Colonoscopy: A Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Soheilipour Maryam , Khosravi Leila , Tabesh Elham , Jafari Mohammad , Rabiee Fatemeh , Tajabadi-Ebrahimi Maryam , Adibi Peyman 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Functional constipation (FC) is characterized by infrequent and hard bowel
movements, often accompanied by difficulty and pain during the passage. It has been suggested
that an imbalanced microbiome contributes to the development of FC. One potential intervention
is post-colonoscopy probiotic supplementation, which could create a favorable environment for
FC patients.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation on relieving constipation
in FC patients.

Methods:
The current study was a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
(RCT) involving 78 patients with FC. Participants were randomly assigned to either the probiotic
(n=39) or placebo groups (n=39). They received two capsules of either probiotic or placebo for 12
weeks. The assessment of bowel habit was based on ROME-IV criteria, which included anal obstruction
feeling, defecation frequency, hard stool, painful defecation, force pushing, manual maneuvers,
incomplete emptying, and total score. In addition, primary outcomes also included variables
related to the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS).

Results:
Probiotic supplementation significantly decreased the ROME-IV total score and its other
components, with the exception of defecation frequency, when compared to the placebo group
(13.93± 0.57 vs. 17.77± 0.60; P<0.001). Furthermore, the risk of type I stool (RR: 0.036; 95% CI:
0.004-0.331) and II stool (RR: 0.076; 95% CI: 0.019-0.309) was significantly decreased in the probiotic
group.

Conclusion:
Despite some controversies surrounding the effects of probiotic supplementation on
FC treatment, this RCT concluded that probiotic supplementation can improve bowel habits in FC
patients.