bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overnight vesical and rectal motility in children with vesico‐ureteral reflux
Authors: Lind M. , Rittig S. , Gregersen H. , Andersen A. J. , Knudsen U. B. , Nielsen J. B. , Djurhuus J. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe rectum and bladder are both innervated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system and have a close anatomical relation. In order to investigate whether a correlation between rectal and vesical activity is present we undertook the following study.Overnight pressure recordings from the bladder and the rectum were analyzed in 35 children with vesico‐ureteral reflux (VUR). The rectal activity of the VUR patients was compared to the rectal activity of 22 overnight recordings from normal children. The measurement system included bladder pressure measurement by way of fluid‐filled supra‐pubic catheters and rectal pressure measurement by a perfused open‐side hole catheter. Thirty‐two of the thirty‐five investigations were suitable for later computer analysis. The analysis program contained facilities for automatic scoring of contractions, frequency analysis, and area under curve determinations.Activity in the bladder and rectum was equally distributed between the reflux grades both regarding the number of contractions and the area under curve. Overnight number of contractions and the area under curve were correlated within the individual patient (σ = 0.80, P lt; 0.01). This indicates that the two variables equally reflect pressure activity. In patients with VUR rectal activity intensity were significantly correlated to bladder activity (σ = 0.53, P < 0.01). However, the number of rectal contractions in the patients were not significantly different from normals.It is concluded that the urodynamic pressure data can be analyzed using a computer‐aided method, providing a rapid and objective analysis of the data. Night‐time monitoring seems to reveal a general coherence between bladder and rectal motility in this category of patients. The nature of the relation between bladder and colo‐rectal activity needs further elucidation.
One‐hour ward test vs. 24‐hour home pad weighing test in the diagnosis of urinary incontinence
Authors: Thind Peter , Gerstenberg Thomas C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwenty‐five women completed a 1‐hour pad‐weighing test and two consecutive 24‐hour home pad‐weighing tests in order to compare the 1‐hour test with the 48‐hour test and to evaluate the further information given by the 48‐hour test compared to the first 24‐hour test. The correlation between the results of the 1‐hour test and the results of the 24‐ and 48‐hour tests was low (r = 0.35 in both). The patients classified as incontinent in the 1‐hour test also had significant leakage in the 48‐hour test. The 1‐hour test had a false‐negative rate of 36% if the 48‐hour test is considered the absolute standard. The correlation between the leakage during the first 24‐hour test and the 48‐hour test was high (r = 0.96), but two patients had insignificant leakage during the first 24‐hour test and significant leakage during the 48‐hour test. The 1‐hour test is usable as a quick test in the ward, but only the demonstration of significant incontinence is reliable. The 24‐hour test predicts the state of incontinence quite precisely; however, the results seem to improve slightly by extending the test period to 48 hours.
Autoradiographic localization of α1‐adrenoceptors in the dog prostate and urethra with 3H‐prazosin
Authors: Yablonsky F. , Savasta M. , Manier M. , Poirier M. , Lacolle J. Y. , Feuerstein C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe regional distribution of α1‐adrenoceptors in the dog urethra has been studied by quantitative autoradiography using the specific α1‐antagonist 3H‐prazosin as a ligand. The binding of 3H‐prazosin to urethral tissue sections was saturable, reversible, and of high affinity (Kd = 0.7 nM); it occurred at a single population of sites and possessed the pharmacological features of the α1‐adrenoceptor. The binding parameters of 3H‐prazosin on urethral tissue sections were found similar to those obtained on urethral membranes. Autoradiographic results revealed that the α1‐adrenoceptors are heterogeneously distributed along the dog urethral axis. The highest densities of 3H‐prazosin binding sites were found in the preprostatic urethra. Comparison between autoradiographic and histological slides revealed that the 3H‐prazosin binding sites were only localized on the smooth muscle fibres of the dog urethra.
Objective quantification of stress urinary incontinence: A short, reproducible, provocative pad‐test
Authors: Hahn I. , Fall M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo evaluate the reproducibility, sensitivity, and accuracy of a short, provocative pad‐test designed for quantification of urine loss in stress urinary incontinence, 50 women underwent two separate, standardised tests. The tests were performed as part of the urodynamic examination at a bladder volume that is half of the cystometric capacity.A good correlation between the two tests was found (r = 0.94). The test was found to be provocative enough to reveal even slight stress incontinence. There were no false‐negative results. The test correlated well to the patient's own assessment of urine loss and to the patient's daily symptoms. It was readily performed for the patient as well as the investigator.This provocative test seems practical and is reliable enough for quantification of stress urine loss in scientific studies.
Urethral pressure and pressure variations in stress incontinent women and women with unstable detrusor
Authors: Sørensen S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe urethral pressure and pressure variations were studied in ten genuine stress incontinent women and twenty‐six women with unstable detrusor based on 1 hour recordings. In the stress incontinent women the mean maximum urethral pressure (mMUP) calculated from 1 hour continuous urethral pressure recordings was 49 cm H2O and the mean maximum urethral closure pressure (mMUCP) was 38 cm H2O. When analysed in relation to previous data from healthy women the mMUP and the mMUCP were significantly reduced. The urethral pressure variation (UPV) is a normal physiological activity of the urethra, also occurring in stress incontinent and unstable detrusor patients. The UPV amplitude of the stress incontinent women was reduced, indicating that the UPVs are related to the baseline pressure in urethra but still part of the complex pathophysiological changes occurring in urethra during stress incontinence. In the unstable detrusor group the parameters were within the range of the normal material except for the abrupt urethral pressure drop followed by detrusor contraction. However, these events were clearly different from the rhythmic urethral pressure variations which seem to discern from the pathogenesis of the unstable detrusor.
Rhythmic pressure variations in urethra and anal canal: Investigations in healthy fertile female volunteers
Authors: Sørensen S. , Gregersen H. , Sørensen S. M. , Djurhuus J. C. , Constantinou C. E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTen healthy fertile female volunteers underwent one hour continuous urethral and anal canal pressure recordings. The recordings showed a median maximum urethral pressure (mMUP), of 74.0 cm H2O and a median maximum anal canal pressure (mMAP) of 50.0 cm H2O. The anal canal pressure variations (APV) showed the same frequency domains as found in the urethra ranging from 0.001 to 0.03 Hz. The APV amplitude was correspondingly diminished and the two pressure tracings were out of phase indicating the urethral pressure variations (UPV) and APV to be separate intrinsic spontaneous activities of the urethra and anal canal.Twenty‐six months prior to the present study the women had a similar urethral pressure recording. Comparison of the mMUP, maximum urethral closure pressure (mMUCP), and UPV frequency and amplitude showed no difference between the two periods.The intraindividual variation was lower than the interindividual variation meaning that the individual woman had rather stable urethral pressures, whereas there was a considerable variation between the women. The rhythmic UPV frequencies and amplitudes were stable during the two year period.Consequently the study underlines the consistency of urethral pressure. The comparative investigations of urethral and anal pressure add evidence to our pressure statements that they originate from smooth muscle activity.
Ureteric peristalsis: An unusual finding during cystometry
Authors: Ramsay Ian N. , Hilton Paul , Ramsden Peter D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIf dual channel subtracted cystometry is to demonstrate detrusor pressure, correct placement of the catheter in the bladder is critical. Two cases of inadvertent retrograde catheterisation of the ureter during cystometry are described. In one case the patient had undergone previous ureteric reimplantation, and catheterisation occured on two occasions. In this case radiological evidence of the catheter in the distal ureter was obtained. In both patients short lived phasic contractions of 15 ∼ 20 cm H2O pressure were seen throughout the filling phase, this being compatible with previously reported patterns of ureteric activity.
The frequency/volume chart in detrusor instability
Authors: Larsson Gregor , Abrams Paul , Victor Arne 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study was done to evaluate the use of the frequency/volume chart in patients with motor urgency. Pretreatment data from a study of the effects of terodiline in women with motor urgency incontinence were used and compared with the findings of an investigation of healthy female volunteers. The relation of the values from the frequency/volume chart to cystometric data in the group of motor urgency patients were also studied. In spite of the statistically significant differences between the two groups in the parameters of the frequency/volume chart, it is concluded that the overlap between the groups limits the use of the chart for diagnostic purposes at this stage. The mean voided volume (total voided volume/frequency) is considered a reliable measure of the severity of motor urgency. No correlation was found between the data of the frequency/volume chart and cystometry. It is suggested that cystometry mainly gives a qualitative measure of motor urgency, whereas the frequency/volume chart offers objective and reliable quantitative information of the symptoms, and thus supplements the cystometric evaluation.
Effect of voluntary attention on urethral pressure
Authors: Aranda Bernard , Letzt‐Ribinik Patricia 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have systematically and simultaneously recorded vesical pressure and maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) in 109 women consulting for urinary incontinence over an extended period of time. During the recording, we asked them to peform a mental calculation (MC) test and other tests designed to induce an effort of voluntary attention. We found a significant increase in MUCP during the MC. At rest, 57 women displayed urethral pressure variations (UPV) higher than 15 cm H2O. MC inhibited UPV in 80% of these cases. Such variations have never yet been reported.The effect of MC can be compared to an orienting reaction, which normally increases the sympathetic tonus. The role of the smooth and striated muscle fibers of the urethra, in the observed changes in urethral pressure, is discussed in light of the literature data.
Rapid injection cystometry and hydroxyproline content in the acutely overdistended rabbit bladder
Authors: Kim Hayoung , Belville William D. , Wedemeyer Gary , McGuire Edward J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBladder overdistention occurs in a variety of clinical circumstances including trauma, benign prostate hyperplasia, urethral stricture, and in the post‐operative and postpartum state. Overdistention can lead to injury and subsequent failure of the bladder contractile mechanism with loss of normal micturition. To date, there is no useful clinical test to predict which individuals will recover effective voiding function. Similarly, the ability of the bladder to tolerate a given degree of overdistention, and/or the time required to induce a permanent injury, are also unknown.Four degrees of bladder overdistention injury (1, 2, 3, and 4 hours) were induced in a randomized rabbit model. The following day, the animals underwent rapid injection cystometry and at 10 days following injury the bladders were assayed for hydroxyproline content. The results show that the hydroxyproline level (nmol/mg) was directly related to the overdistention interval (r = 0.30803) and inversely related to the maximum height of the contraction curve (r = −0.31573).Further, the rapid cystometry curves found were of two different types and correlated highly with hydroxyproline levels (P<.001). These contraction curve types are distinct at the maximum pressure point suggesting persistent active contractile forces. These findings suggest that the shape of the curve at the maximum pressure point may be clinically more useful than the half decay time or shape of the relaxation curve as suggested by prior work in this area.
Cause of low compliance in a guinea‐pig model of instability and low compliance
Authors: Macneil H. F. , Brading A. F. , Williams J. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExperiments were performed to determine whether the low compliance seen in the bladders of guinea pigs with a partial bladder outflow obstruction was due to active or passive properties of the bladder wall.Sham‐operated and obstructed animals were assessed urodynamically 6 to 12 weeks later. Three‐quarters of the obstructed animals had developed low‐compliance bladders. In vitro cystometry was performed on the isolated bladders in a physiological saline solution. The measurements were then repeated in Ca‐free solution to abolish any contribution of smooth muscle contraction, and then in a high K, Ca‐containing solution, which initiates maximum contraction in isolated detrusor strips.Bladder compliance was higher in the sham‐operated animals than in obstructed animals. In sham‐operated animals the compliance was decreased in the high K solution, but in the obstructed, low‐compliance bladders the compliance did not change significantly under any experimental condition, suggesting that in this latter group the low compliance was caused by passive properties of the bladder wall.Changes in the viscosity of the bladder wall were assessed by monitoring the decline in pressure after a stepwise increase in bladder volume. No change in the viscosity of the obstructed bladder was detected.We conclude that the low compliance in the obstructed guinea pig is probably due to a change in the elasticity of the bladder wall.
Post‐prostatectomy incontinence: Part I. The urodynamic findings in 107 Men
Authors: Leach Gary E. , Yun Scott K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA retrospective review of 107 men referred for evaluation of post‐prostatectomy incontinence (71 post radical retropubic prostatectomy, 26 post transurethral resection of the prostate, and 10 post open prostatectomy) was conducted.After in‐depth urodynamic studies, only 40 men (37%) were found to have sphincteric insufficiency alone, 36 men (34%) had sphincteric insufficiency combined with high pressure bladder dysfunction (detrusor instability and/or decreased compliance), and 21 men (20%) had bladder dysfunction alone as the sole cause of post‐prostatectomy incontinence. Ten patients (9%) had normal urodynamic studies.The role of bladder dysfunction as a causative factor in post‐prostatectomy incontinence is strongly emphasized. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Post‐prostatectomy incontinence: Part II. The results of treatment based on urodynamic evaluation
Authors: Leach Gary E. , Yun Scott K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOne hundred seven men with post‐prostatectomy incontinence, were initially evaluated with in‐depth urodynamics. Fifty‐four of these men underwent treatment based on urodynamic findings and were available for follow‐up ranging from 12 to 84 months (mean 40 months). Treatment included anticholinergic therapy for patients with bladder dysfunction, artificial sphincter placement for those with only pure sphincteric insufficiency, or anticholinergics followed by an artificial sphincter in those with combined bladder dysfunction and sphincteric insufficiency.Excellent objective responses were obtained after therapy based on urodynamic findings. Forty‐seven (87%) of the 54 treated men became “socially continent” (using two pads or less per day). Prior to treatment, 38 men used pads for incontinence with a mean of five pads per day, and the other 16 wore external catheters. With therapy based on urodynamic findings, no patients required an external catheter, and the mean number of pads used per day decreased to one.Urodynamic evaluation followed by appropriate treatment based on urodynamic findings is effective in significantly improving or eliminating post‐prostatectomy incontinence. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Telemetric electromyographic monitoring in elderly incontinent men
Authors: O'Donnell Pat , Hanish Harve M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUrinary incontinence is a serious social, psychological, economic, and medical problem for elderly people. However, the pathophysiology of incontinence in the elderly is unclear. Previous studies have shown an irregular occurrence of incontinence events regarding incontinence volume, time between episodes, and residual urine volume. In this study, telemetric monitoring of external anal electromyography (EMG), rectus abdominis EMG, bladder pressure, and incontinence detection were done. Involuntary detrusor contractions occurred which were associated with an increase in sphincteric EMG activity and followed by either continence or incontinence. A fall in sphincteric EMG activity was associated with incontinence, while a fall in detrusor pressure was associated with continence. A detrusorsphincter activity interaction appears to exist during involuntary detrusor contractions which may result in either continence or incontinence, depending upon whether the detrusor or the sphincter activity is predominant. The irregular detrusor‐sphincter activity represents a possible etiology of the irregular occurrence of urinary incontinence patterns in elderly patients. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuous monitoring of micturition pattern in nonhuman primates: Technique
Authors: Ghoniem Gamal M. , Shoukry Mohamed Shafik , Walker Cedric F. , Bernice Kaack M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA complete system for continuous monitoring of micturition pattern in nonhuman primates is described and was tested using female rhesus monkeys. The system consists of modified standard animal cages, load cell transducers continuously activated and linked to a Grass polygraph. Potential problems or sources of error are described and overcome. The limitations are described; however, the system is proven to be reliable, durable, and accurate. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SEAPI QMM incontinence classification system
Authors: Raz Shlomo , Erickson Deborah R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOutcome of therapy for many incontinent patients is persistently difficult to assess in spite of a large published literature. One problem is that each institution describes patient populations and outcomes based on its own system, thus, valid comparisons between institutions cannot be made. To help to resolve this problem we are proposing a standardized classification system for incontinence. The system is analogous to the TNM system for tumor staging. Each letter of SEAPI QMM represents an aspect of incontinence, and each factor is assigned a number grade. Zero represents no symptom, problem, or abnormality while 1, 2, and 3 represent mild, moderate, or severe problems, respectively. This proposed system does not cover every aspect of urinary incontinence, however it can be used as a base for further development of a uniform method to grade and stage urinary incontinence. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resistance to forced opening of the resting urethra in healthy females assessed by experimental simulation of urine ingression
Authors: Thind Peter , Lose Gunnar , Colstrup Hans 
Published: March 2007

AbstractForced urethral dilation simulates the ingression of urine and hence leakage. The maximum urethral pressure response to a given dilation denotes the bladder pressure required in that specific opening. Urethral dilation was performed by inflation of a balloon. The pressure response increased by increasing rate and size of the dilation. The pressure response was analyzed at the bladder neck, in the high pressure zone, and in the distal urethra and showed no difference between the three sites of measurement. The bladder pressure required to open a specific urethral segment at a given rate and to a given size can be determined. Leakage prerequisites an opening of the entire urethra which results in a response to dilation all along its length. Consequently, any opening implies a bladder pressure for a certain period of time and exceeding the urethral pressure. In healthy women an opening process due to a rise in the bladder pressure will be restricted at the bladder neck. However, if the bladder pressure exceeds the urethral pressure for certain period of time leakage will occur. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pelvic floor reeducation and body posture correction for treatment of female urinary incontinence: Results of comprehensive pre‐ and post‐treatment urodynamic testing
Authors: Bemelmans B. L. H. , Hankel M. , Jacobs C. H. G. M. , Van Kerrebroeck Ph. E. V. , Worm G. , Debruyne F. M. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOf the conservative treatment modalities for stress urinary incontinence in females, the effectiveness of electric pelvic floor stimulation and exercise programs for reeducation of pelvic floor muscles are generally accepted and recognized. This prospective study reports on the analysis of subjective and objective pre‐ and post‐treatment parameters in 12 selected female patients with stress incontinence who were enrolled in a physiotherapeutical training program consisting of acute intrarectal electrostimulation, pelvic floor exercises, and body posture correction (Mensendieck). Patients' symptom scores, performance status of pelvic floor muscles, body posture alterations as well as standard urodynamic parameters (maximal urethral closing pressure, functional urethral length, and maximum cystometric capacity), and telemetric ambulatory urodynamic parameters (pad‐weighing test, urethral relaxations) were analyzed. This study shows the advantageous effect of pelvic floor reeducation and body posture correction for the treatment of female low‐urethral‐resistance urinary incontinence. A remarkable finding was the coalescence of genuine stress incontinence, proven on standard urodynamic investigation, and urethral instability on telemetric ambulatory urodynamic investigation in 10 of 12 patients (83%). This was very well treated by the training program. Pathophysiology of low‐urethral‐resistance urinary incontinence and the mode of action of the training program are discussed. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.