bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative examination of the essential oils of Anthemis ruthenica and A. arvensis wild‐growing in Serbia
Authors: Vujisić Lj. , Vučković I. , Tešević V. , Đoković D. , Ristić M. S. , Janaćković P. , Milosavljević S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe essential oils from the aerial parts of Anthemis ruthenica and Anthemis arvensis, wild‐growing in Serbia, obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed using GC and GC/MS. A total of 75 and 81 components were identified in A. ruthenica and A. arvensis, respectively. The major constituents of A. ruthenica oil were β‐pinene (3.6%), 1,8‐cineol (6.8%), 4‐terpineol (6.2%), α‐terpineol (3.6%), isophyllocladene (5.4%) and palmitic acid (9.9%). The oil of A. arvensis showed a high content of non‐terpenic compounds. The main components were palmitic acid (21.2%) and linoleic acid (6.5%). The most abundant terpenic compounds in the oil of A. arvensis were pinocarvone (5.4%) and isospathulenol (4.6%). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diminishing the social network in organizations: does there need to be such a phenomenon as ‘survivor syndrome’ after downsizing?
Authors: Travaglione Anthony , Cross Bernadette 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Many management fads have been shown to be detrimental to the well‐being of employees as well as to the long‐term competitiveness of organizations. Downsizing has been recognized as belonging to this category and research has begun to clarify what is now commonly known as ‘survivor syndrome’, the negative attitudes and behaviours of those that survive retrenchment. However, recent evidence shows that ‘survivor syndrome’ does not actually exist in all downsizing situations.
By closely examining the specific conditions under which the effects of downsizing are lessened, this study contributes to the development of effective interventions for dealing with organizational change. Using the data from a longitudinal survey, this paper investigates the impact of downsizing on survivor attitudes of affective and continuance commitment, general and specific job satisfaction, perceived organizational support, and the behaviours of performance, effort, turnover intention and absenteeism.
While analyses reveal evidence of decline in some of the variables after the downsizing, a more important finding was support for the counter‐argument that a syndrome does not actually exist. Four of the variables were not significantly affected by downsizing. The implication for management is that effective management of a downsizing programme can decrease the likelihood of a syndrome permeating an organization.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hot air treatment decreases chlorophyll catabolism during postharvest senescence of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) heads
Authors: Costa Maria L , Civello Pedro M , Chaves Alicia R , Martínez Gustavo A 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA hot air treatment was applied to broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) florets and its effect on chlorophyll catabolism during postharvest senescence was analyzed. Florets were treated at 48 °C for 3 h and then placed in darkness at 20 °C. During storage, the yellowing of florets occurred simultaneously with a decrease in chlorophylls and an increase in pheophytins. Heat treatment delayed the appearance of yellowing by 2–3 days and a similar extension of shelf‐life could be inferred. Also, the treatment delayed the onset of chlorophyll catabolism and slowed both the rate of chlorophyll a degradation and pheophytin accumulation. No effect on chlorophyll b degradation was found. Chlorophyllase and Mg‐dechelatase activities increased from the first day of storage in untreated florets, whereas peroxidase‐linked chlorophyll bleaching activity increased from day 3. In heat‐treated florets, chlorophyllase activity did not increase until day 2 and then increased at lower rate than in controls. Mg‐dechelatase and peroxidase‐linked chlorophyll bleaching activities were similar in treated and control florets during the first 2 days of storage, but thereafter the activity of both enzymes was lower in heat‐treated samples. In conclusion, a treatment at 48 °C for 3 h delayed chlorophyll a catabolism in broccoli during postharvest senescence and decreased the activities of chlorophyllase, Mg‐dechelatase and peroxidase, three of the enzymes probably involved in chlorophyll degradation in plants. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Total and ileal digestible tryptophan contents of feedstuffs for broiler chickens
Authors: Ravindran Ganesharanee , Ravindran Velmurugu , Bryden Wayne L 
Published: April 2006

AbstractReliable values of total and digestible tryptophan in components of feed formulation matrices are needed because tryptophan is often the third limiting amino acid in practical poultry diets. However, tryptophan is oxidatively destroyed during acid hydrolysis in routine amino acid analysis and its determination requires a separate analytical procedure. The variability in contents and apparent ileal digestibility for 6‐week‐old broiler chickens of tryptophan in 74 samples representing 24 feedstuffs are presented in this paper. The average ileal tryptophan digestibility coefficient in wheat was 0.83, in sorghum and triticale 0.75, maize 0.71, soybean meal 0.84, sunflower meal 0.81, canola meal 0.78 and cottonseed meal 0.75. Among the grain legumes, tryptophan in lupins was better digested than that in chickpeas, fababeans and field peas. Among the animal protein meals, the tryptophan digestibility coefficients in fish meal (0.77) and blood meal (0.84) were substantially higher than those in meat meal (0.62), meat‐and‐bone meal (0.63) and feather meal (0.52). Marked variations in tryptophan digestibility were also observed among samples of fish meal, meat‐and‐bone meal and meat meal, highlighting significant batch‐to‐batch differences. For most feedstuffs, considerable variability was observed in the tryptophan concentrations, but such variations were not reflected in digestibility coefficients. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Modelling and parameter comparison of equivalent circuits on the basis of impedance measurements of stainless steels
Authors: Slemnik M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn our former work [1] we have discussed the impedance of differently heat treated steels X20Cr13 in 0.1 M H2SO4, undergoing an active passive transition. Impedance spectra were interpreted in terms of a model by Armstrong [2, 3], describing the electrochemical reaction at interfaces with adsorbed intermediates. The present work was performed in order to study this phenomenon in more detail, with computer simulations of a new created and more convenient equivalent circuit in comparison with the former model. Computer simulations of equivalent circuits were also made in the region of passivity which was also continuation of our earlier work [4]. In this sense the entire study for these steels was completed by collating distinctive parameter values, demonstrating electrochemical characteristics of steel X20Cr13, undergoing different heat treatments in the active‐passive and passive region.
Study of the behavior of an organic coating applied on the storage reservoirs of oil in a medium of 3% NaCl solution and in marine environment
Authors: Hammouda N. , Boudinar Y. , Touiker M. , Belmokre K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe paints are used extensively in various fields, especially for the protection of the oil installations such as the storage reservoirs of crude oil. Reducing possession cost and applying the new hygiene and security standards imply the necessity to deepen the knowledge of the physico‐chemical processes of ageing coatings in the first stage and their impact on the corrosion of the substrate. The tests have been carried out on a primer, and on painted steel plates completely immersed in a 3% NaCl solution. The survey of the water absorption and the kinetics deterioration of the paints have been achieved especially by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under the test of salt spray. The barrier weakness of the primer paint, due to the existence of two capacitive loops observed on the Nyquist's diagrams has been put in evidence. While the study of the resistance of the complete system by the test accelerated in the salt spray shows that the system of painting presents a good resistance up to 196 hours, which is equivalent to 8 years of exposure.
Effect of Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles and APP on thermal stability and flame retardance of PMMA
Authors: Laachachi A. , Cochez M. , Leroy E. , Gaudon P. , Ferriol M. , Lopez Cuesta J. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAmmonium polyphosphate (APP)‐based additives and Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles have been incorporated separately or combined at a 15 wt% global percentage in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). APP–based additive containing melamine phosphate has led to an intumescent behavior during cone calorimeter tests, whereas thermal stability was particularly improved by the use of the oxide nanoparticles. APP with melamine phosphate and Al2O3 combination allowed significant synergism on flame retardance to be achieved, owing to the catalytic action of alumina well‐dispersed nanoparticles, which modified the decomposition pathway of PMMA and the formation of a charred and ceramized structure. Aggregation processes in the case of TiO2 seemed to limit the catalytic action of the surface and did not allow synergism for flame retardance to be observed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ferromagnetic resonance study of iron implanted PET foils
Authors: Okay C. , Rameev B. Z. , Khaibullin R. I. , Okutan M. , Yildiz F. , Popok V. N. , Aktas B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) foils were implanted with 40 keV Fe+ ions to doses of (0.15–1.50) × 1017 ions/cm2 at ion current density of 4 µA/cm2. The iron‐implanted PET composites were investigated using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique supplemented by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and DC resistance measurements. TEM studies revealed formation of iron nanoparticles with size in the range of 5–100 nm depending on the implantation dose. AFM images showed depending on the implantation dose either small bumps or worm‐like structures on the polymer surface that corresponded to the inclusions towered above the surface. The results of AFM studies were found to be in good agreement with the TEM measurements. FMR signal was observed for the foils implanted with the dose higher than 0.15 × 1017 ions/cm2. The effective magnetization of the metal‐polymer composite was extracted from the angular dependencies of FMR resonance field. The percolation transition at the implantation dose of 1.0 × 1017 ions/cm2 was observed in the dose dependencies of the FMR absorption intensity and the effective magnetisation. The minimum in DC resistance found at the same dose indicates that a charge carrier mediated (exchange) interaction rather than the dipolar one is underlying mechanism for the percolation transition. Formation of a carbonized layer in the heavily implanted area of the polymer is supposed to be responsible for the exchange coupling of the magnetic granules. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetoresistive effect and impedance spectroscopy of Co‐implanted polyimide
Authors: Popok V. N. , Lukashevich M. G. , Gorbachuk N. I. , Odzhaev V. B. , Khaibullin R. I. , Khaibullin I. B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractElectronic properties and magnetoresistance of polyimide (PI) films implanted by 40 keV Co+ ions with high fluences at various ion current densities are studied. Insulator‐to‐metal transition (IMT) is found for the highest implantation fluence (1.25 × 1017 cm–2) at ion current densities of 8 and 12 µA/cm2. The IMT is caused by the radiation‐induced alteration of the implanted PI and agglomeration of the Co nanoparticles (NPs) providing an efficient percolation way for the charge carriers. Impedance spectroscopy shows the increase in capacitance with fluence for the samples on the dielectric side of the IMT, which is caused by formation of the conductive metal NPs and carbonised clusters separated by insulating polymer media. The percolation of the conductive phase for the samples on the metallic side of the IMT results in an inductive character of the impedance. The magnotoresistive effect is found to be positive for the samples on the dielectric side of the IMT and negative for the samples on the metallic side. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Permanent magnet systems with strong stray magnetic fields and very high gradients for material separation
Authors: Il'yashenko E. I. , Glebov V. A. , Glebov A. V. , Skjeltorp A. T. , Johansen T. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe system consisting of permanent magnets of Kittel open domain structure with a mask made of thin sheets of soft magnetic material is described. The simulations showed that the maximal value of induction for system consisting of two neodymium–iron–boron magnets in presence of a mask is increased from 3 T (without a mask) up to 4 T. In this case the product B∇B on the distance of 0.01 mm achieves a value of 4.2 × 1011 mT2/m. The experimental device with a mask made of low carbon steel sheets is shown to be useful for separation of paramagnetic substances such as dysprosium sulfate, europium chloride and copper chloride. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anisotropic FMR‐linewidth of triple‐domain Fe layers on hexagonal GaN(0001)
Authors: Buchmeier M. , Bürgler D. E. , Grünberg P. A. , Schneider C. M. , Meijers R. , Calarco R. , Raeder C. , Farle M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe present a ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) study of Fe films with thicknesses between 5 and 70 nm prepared by electron‐beam evaporation on top of hexagonal GaN(0001). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and low‐energy electron diffraction (LEED) suggest the growth in crystallographic Fe(110) domains with three different orientations. The magnetic properties have been investigated by in‐plane angle‐dependent FMR at frequencies between 4.5 to 24 GHz. All samples show a hexagonal in‐plane anisotropy with the easy axes oriented parallel to the Fe [001] directions. The anisotropy field strength of about 8 mT reveals a bulk‐like thickness dependence. Therefore, we can exclude the following origins of anisotropy: (i) interface effects because of the bulk‐like thickness dependence and (ii) averaged first order cubic or uniaxial anisotropies arising from the three grain orientations because of the relative strengths. We qualitatively explain the sixfold anisotropy by spin relaxation inside the grains. The FMR linewidth versus frequency curves are linear with almost no zero‐frequency offset indicating a good homogeneity of the magnetic properties over the sample area. However, the effective damping parameter α shows pronounced anisotropy and thickness dependence, with enhanced damping along the hard axes and for thicker layers. We suggest that the additional damping can be explained by two‐magnon scattering at defects which are due to the triple domain structure. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A family of destabilized cyan fluorescent proteins as transcriptional reporters in S. cerevisiae
Authors: Hackett Elizabeth A. , Esch R. Keith , Maleri Seth , Errede Beverly 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe ‘programmable’ features of the N‐end rule degradation pathway and a ubiquitin fusion strategy were exploited to create a family of destabilized cyan fluorescent proteins (CFP) to be used as transcriptional reporters. The N‐degron CFP reporters characterized in this report have half‐lives of approximately 75, 50 and 5 min, but further modification of the N‐degron signal sequences could readily generate additional variants within this range. These destabilized CFP reporters have been engineered into convenient plasmid constructs with features to enable their expression from upstream activating sequences of choice and to facilitate their targeted integration to the URA3–TIM9 intergenic region of chromosome V. The advantages and limitations of these reporters as temporal indicators of gene expression in living cells are illustrated by their application as reporters of galactose‐ and pheromone‐induced transcription. The plasmid design we describe and the range of different stabilities that are theoretically feasible with this strategy make the N‐degron CFP reporters easily adapted to a variety of applications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cfr1+ gene participates in mating through a new pathway that is independent of fus1+
Authors: Cartagena‐Lirola Hugo , Durán Ángel , Valdivieso M.‐Henar 
Published: April 2006

AbstractConjugation is a complex event directed to ensure the transfer of genetic material, which is achieved by the union of two cells. In fungi, success of this relevant process requires digestion of the cell wall at the point where both cells have agglutinated and, later, the union of the plasma membranes and nuclei from the mating partners. In order to gain information about cell fusion, we have cloned and disrupted the cfr1+ gene from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. cfr1+ gene is slightly induced at the beginning of mating but Cfr1p protein is degraded soon after the cells are transferred to nitrogen‐lacking medium. cfr1Δ mutants present a defect in cell fusion owing to a failure in the digestion of the cell walls between the two parental cells. Finally, cytological and genetic analyses show that cfr1+ acts in a new pathway involved in conjugation that is independent of fus1+, the only gene that has been found to be specifically required for cell fusion during mating in the fission yeast. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The efficacy of non‐pharmacological interventions in the management of procedural pain in preterm and term neonates
Authors: Cignacco Eva , Hamers Jan P.H. , Stoffel Lilian , van Lingen Richard A. , Gessler Peter , McDougall Jane , Nelle Mathias 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBackground: Neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit are exposed to a high number of painful procedures. Since repeated and sustained pain can have consequences for the neurological and behaviour‐oriented development of the newborn, the greatest attention needs to be paid to systematic pain management in neonatology. Non‐pharmacological treatment methods are being increasingly discussed with regard to pain prevention and relief either alone or in combination with pharmacological treatment.Aims: To identify effective non‐pharmacological interventions with regard to procedural pain in neonates.Methods: A literature search was conducted via the MedLine, CINAHL, Cochrane Library databases and complemented by a handsearch. The literature search covered the period from 1984 to 2004. Data were extracted according to pre‐defined criteria by two independent reviewers and methodological quality was assessed.Results: 13 randomised controlled studies and two meta‐analyses were taken into consideration with regard to the question of current nursing practice of non‐pharmacological pain management methods. The selected interventions were “non‐nutritive sucking”, “music”, “swaddling”, “positioning”, “olfactory and multisensorial stimulation”, “kangaroo care” and “maternal touch”. There is evidence that the methods of “non‐nutritive sucking”, “swaddling” and “facilitated tucking” do have a pain‐alleviating effect on neonates.Conclusions: Some of the non‐pharmacological interventions have an evident favourable effect on pulse rate, respiration and oxygen saturation, on the reduction of motor activity, and on the excitation states after invasive measures. However, unambiguous evidence of this still remains to be presented. Further research should emphasise the use of validated pain assessment instruments for the evaluation of the pain‐alleviating effect of non‐pharmacological interventions.
Posttraumatic stress disorder in victims of the March 11 attacks in Madrid admitted to a hospital emergency room: 6-month follow-up
Authors: Fraguas D. , Terán S. , Conejo-Galindo J. , Medina O. , Sainz Cortón E. , Ferrando L. , Gabriel R. , Arango C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPurpose:To determine the change in prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in victims of the March 11 attacks and their relatives, 1 and 6 months after the attacks.Subjects and methodsEvaluation of PTSD symptoms using the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) in a sample of 56 patients admitted to an emergency room of a general hospital, and assessment of PTSD symptoms in relatives of the patients.Results:At Month 1, 41.1% of patients (31.3% of males and 54.2% of females) presented with PTSD. At Month 6, this figure was 40.9% (30.4% of males and 52.4% of females). There was a significant improvement in perception of health among females between Month 1 and Month 6. Relatives presented similar DTS scores at baseline and at 6 months.Discussion:We verified that rates of PTSD did not vary substantively between the two evaluations. PTSD symptoms positively correlated with psychological health involvement. This correlation points out that both PTSD symptoms and subjective general health involvement are part of the psychological response to trauma.Conclusion:The prevalence of PTSD symptoms was high and remained stable between Month 1 and Month 6, while subjective perception of health improved significantly.
Effective similarity measures for expression profiles
Authors: Yona Golan , Dirks William , Rahman Shafquat , Lin David M. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
It is commonly accepted that genes with similar expression profiles are functionally related. However, there are many ways one can measure the similarity of expression profiles, and it is not clear a priori what is the most effective one. Moreover, so far no clear distinction has been made as for the type of the functional link between genes as suggested by microarray data. Similarly expressed genes can be part of the same complex as interacting partners; they can participate in the same pathway without interacting directly; they can perform similar functions; or they can simply have similar regulatory sequences.
Here we conduct a study of the notion of functional link as implied from expression data. We analyze different similarity measures of gene expression profiles and assess their usefulness and robustness in detecting biological relationships by comparing the similarity scores with results obtained from databases of interacting proteins, promoter signals and cellular pathways, as well as through sequence comparisons. We also introduce variations on similarity measures that are based on statistical analysis and better discriminate genes which are functionally nearby and faraway.
Our tools can be used to assess other similarity measures for expression profiles, and are accessible at
Contact: golan@cs.technion.ac.il
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Di-μ2-chloro-bis[(benzyldiphenylphosphine)chloropalladium(II)]
Authors: Meijboom Reinout , Muller Alfred , Roodt Andreas 
Published: April 2006

The molecule of the title compound, [Pd2Cl4(C19H17P)2] or [Pd(μ2-Cl)Cl(PPh2Bz)]2, where Bz = CH2Ph, lies on an inversion centre. The Pd atom has a distorted square-planar coordination environment formed by a benzyldiphenylphosphine [Pd—P = 2.2218 (6) Å], a terminal chloride [Pd—Cl = 2.2729 (5) Å] and two bridging chloride ligands. The Pd—Cl bond in the position trans to the phosphine ligand [Pd—Cl = 2.4123 (5) Å] is considerably longer than the Pd—Cl bond in the position trans to the terminal chloride [Pd—Cl = 2.3155 (5) Å].