bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REOVIRUS TYPE 3 INFECTION IN LABORATORY MICE
Authors: Cook Ian 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARY1. Reovirus type 3 was isolated from the Queensland Institute of Medical Research mouse colony. Epizootics due to the virus and manifest by diarrhoea, oily hair, jaundice and stunted growth occurred in September, 1961, and February‐March, 1962.2. The isolated virus was identical with a murine encephalomyocarditis virus isolated from the mouse colony of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, from which the Queensland Institute of Medical Research mouse colony was derived in 1949. It appears likely that the virus has been endemic in the colony since that time.3. An antibody survey confirmed that infection with reovirus type 3 had been present in the colony at least since 1959 and was widespread in 1962.4. Infant mice of the colony are resistant to experimental infection with the virus.
THE LOCALISATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF CROTON OIL STIMULATION ON TUMOUR INITIATION BY URETHANE IN MICE
Authors: Pound Allan W 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYGroups of mice were painted with a solution of croton oil in acetone on one‐half of the skin of the back twenty‐four hours prior to an injection of urethane. The whole skin of the back was subsequently painted with croton oil weekly for twenty weeks. The number of papillomata developed on the skin was greater on the half given the preliminary application of croton oil. The augmented tumour yield is accounted for by local phenomena produced by the preliminary application of croton oil.
BODY BUILD AND BLOOD PRESSURE OF MEN IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW GUINEA
Authors: Whyte HM 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYMeasurements were made in 100 Australian male blood donors, 40 to 59 years of age, of height, weight, skinfold thickness, circumference of the arm, girth of hips and blood pressure. In 50 the total serum cholesterol level and the cholesterol in low density lipoproteins were measured.The desirable body weight was exceeded by 20 p.c. on the average and it was estimated that 28 p.c. of the body weight was fat. There was no correlation between blood pressure and arm size, body bulk (weight/height2) or skinfolds. Systolic, but not diastolic, pressure rose with age within this group. The average serum cholesterol level was 248 mg./100 ml. with 79 p.c. in the low density lipoproteins. There was no relationship between cholesterol level and body build.The results were compared with previously published observations in male Australians 20 to 39 years of age and natives of New Guinea of both age groups. Ageing was accompanied in the Australians, but not in the natives, by increasing body bulk, obesity, blood pressure and serum cholesterol level. The natives maintained “ideal” body bulk and blood pressure at all ages. Blood pressure was related to body build only in the younger group of Australians. Possible implications of these findings are discussed.
ADENOSINE DEAMINASE ACTIVITY IN LYMPHOID CELLS DURING ANTIBODY PRODUCTION
Authors: Hall JG 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYThe amount of adenosine deaminase activity in free‐floating lymphoid cells obtained from the efferent duct of the popliteal node of sheep has been shown to increase after the node was antigenically stimulated by chicken red cells. The increase in cellular enzyme content coincided with the appearance of plasma cells in the lymph and the presence of intra‐cellular antibody.The activity of the free enzyme was found to be higher in intermediate lymph than in peripheral lymph or blood plasma.
INTERSTITIAL CELLS IN THE TESTIS OF THE AUSTRALIAN PHALANGER (TRICHOSURUS VULPECULA)
Authors: Green Lorna MA 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYA description is given of the location and general histology of the interstitial cells of Leydig in the testis of Trichosurus vulpecula.Appropriate staining methods were employed to demonstrate the various cell contents. The reticular cytoplasm of the polygonal Leydig cells was crowded with numerous variously sized vacuoles. Many vacuoles contained masses of secretory material which also occurred as fine granules, aggregated into a semilunar arrangement, at the periphery of the vacuole. The round, pale‐staining nucleus frequently occupied an eccentric position in the interstitial cells.An abundant blood supply, taking its origin from the intertubular arteries which supplied the seminiferous tubules, was provided by arterioles and capillaries which vessels were evident between the groups and strands of Leydig cells.
A STRUCTURAL STUDY OF ABNORMAL HAEMOGLOBINS OCCURRING IN NEW GUINEA
Authors: Curtain CC 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe abnormal haemoglobins E, H and Lepore occur to a limited extent in New Guinea. Specimens of these were compared with their non‐New Guinea counterparts by “fingerprinting”. The haemoglobins E and H were found to be identical with haemoglobins E and H occurring elsewhere. The Lepore haemoglobin was found to be markedly different from a Lepore specimen from an individual of Mediterranean origin, but identical with LeporeHOLLANDIA.
QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF THE SIMONSEN PHENOMENON
Authors: Warner NL , Szenberg A 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe inoculation of blood leucocytes from an adult non‐inbred fowl onto the dropped chorioallantoic membrane of non‐inbred eggs results in the production of visible lesions after four days’ further incubation. This reaction is a graft versus host reaction of immunologically competent lymphocytes against major histocompatibility antigens present in the host membrane and is termed the Simonsen phenomenon.Although tolerance to this range of histocompatibility antigens can be induced in birds, previous studies had failed to show any increase in the proportion of reactive cells following immunisation of the donor bird with the same range of histocompatibility antigens.Results presented in this paper show that preimmunisation of donor non‐inbred fowls with pooled spleen cells from embryos of the AA inbred line produced an increase in the relative number of reactive cells as assessed by the number of foci produced on subsequent inoculation of blood leucocytes onto membranes of AA eggs.It is concluded that this represents immunisation to minor histocompatibility antigens in the fowl, and parallels Simonsen's results in mice.
THROMBUS FORMATION IN VITRO: A RHEOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Rozenberg MC , Dintenfass Leopold 
Published: December 2007

SummaryBlond coagulation has been studied by means of viscometric techniques. Clots obtained have been examined with the light‐ and the electron‐microscope. The degree of platelet aggregation in these clots has been found to be a function of the rate of shear produced in the cone‐in‐conc viscometer. At high rates of shear, morphology obtained resembles that of in vivo thrombosis. The process of blood coagulation was found to be accelerated at higher velocity gradients.
AVIAN BOTULISM IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Grubb WB 
Published: December 2007

SummaryAn outbreak of suspected avain botulism in the Perth metropolitan area was investigated. From the examination of various soil samples and animal specimens it was concluded that the outbreak was in fact botulism and was caused by Clostridium botulinum type Cα. The epidemiology of such outbreaks is discussed.
THE BASIS FOR IMMUNITY TO MOUSE TYPHOID
Authors: Turner KJ , Jenkin CR , Rowley D 
Published: December 2007

SummaryIt has been shown that vaccination of mice with a living attenuated culture of S. typhimurium results in the production of two types of immunoglobilins. The first phase of antibody production is characterised by a 19S macroglobulin response which disappears after about one month, to have the 7S type antibody which persists for at least six months. The importance of these observations in relation to cellular immunity is discussed.
ANTIGENS IN IMMUNITY
Authors: Ada GL , Nossal GJV , Pye J , Abbot A 
Published: December 2007

SummaryFlagella were isolated from Salmonella adelaide and purified. The soluble protein, flagellin, was prepared by treatment of flagella with dilute acid. In the presence of salt, flagellin polymerized to form linear aggregates. Acid dissociation of this polymerized flagellin again yielded flagellin.Flagellin prepared from polymerized flagellin was characterized by analytical ultracentrifugation, column chromatography, cellulose acetate electrophoresis, amino acid and N.‐terminal amino acid analyses. Electron microscopy of polymerized flagellin showed rods similar in appearance and dimensions to native flagella. Zone centrifugation showed both polymerized flagellin and flagella to be polydisperse.Flagella contained about 1 per cent of a substance rich in carbohydrate and phosphorus. Flagellin and polymerized flagellin contained, at most, traces of this substance.Each preparation caused the production of precipitating antibodies in rabbits, and in various serological tests reacted with antibodies to itself and to the other preparations. Double immunodiffusion tests showed that each preparation contained a major and a minor antigen.It was concluded that the three preparations contained the same protein unit but differed mainly in size and structural organization.
ANTIGENS IN IMMUNITY
Authors: Ada GL , Nossal GJV , Austin Caroline M 
Published: December 2007

SummaryA wide range of soluble and particulate substances were iodinated and injected into rats. Some preparations were classical antigens; others were heterologous proteins of minimal antigenicity; and others were homologous substances believed to be non‐antigenic.It was found that all antigens showed a tendency to concentrate in lymphoid follicles, as well as in medullary macrophages. Non‐antigens were taken up to a varying extent by cells in the medulla, but did not localize in lymphoid follicles. The only exception to this rule was rat gamma globulin. In view of the role of globulins in tbe opsonization of particulars antigens, this exception seemed especially significant, The study suggested that the phagocytic cells in lymphoid follicles possessed the capacity to “recognize foreignness”, and the possibility exists that this is mediated by opsonic factors, rather than being an inherent property of the cells.The localization pattern of iodinated flagellin, and the cellular changes induced by it, were carefully compared with those of equivalent doses nf flagella. The differences in localization were relatively slight, yet the cellular changes typical of the immune response occurred 10–14 days later with flagellin than with flagella. It is unlikely that this delay was due to the chemical differences between the antigens, as polymerized flagellin behaved more like flagella. It appears that a particulate antigen entering a follicular macrophage may cause the more dramatic appearance of plasma cell precursors around it, and the earlier formation of 19S antibodies, but the reasons for this are not clear.
THE IMMUNOLOGICAL ROLE OF DIFFERENT LYMPHOID ORGANS IN THE CHICKEN
Authors: Warner NL 
Published: December 2007

SummaryInvolution of the chicken thymus is accompanied by an eventual complete loss of thymic cortex, although the medulla persists throughout life. The immunological competence of cell suspensions prepared from thymic glands of birds ranging in age from several days to nine months was determined by their ability to initiate a graft versus host reaction on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos. On the basis of a constant inoculum, cell suspensions from adult atrophic thymuses were more competent than from those taken prior to involution. However, in terms of total competent cells per thymic lobe, there was little difference.Whereas cells from young thymuses showed little ability to clear added bacteriophage from the CAM, most adult thymic cell suspensions caused some degree of clearance.Treatment of young birds with cortisone, and adult birds with thyroid hormone, respectively caused a loss and a restoration of the thymic cortex. A marked change in immunological competence of thymic cell suspensions was subsequently observed.The results were interpreted to indicate that thymic cortical lymphocytes were not immunologically competent, but that a competent population of cells was present throughout life in the medulla.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS PRODUCED BY THE LOCAL INJECTION OF ADULT FOWL LEUCOCYTES IN CHICKENS
Authors: Warner NL 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe intradermal injection of adult fowl blood leucocytes into the wattle of homologous chickens has been shown to produce a readily detectable reaction. The intensity can be followed by daily measurements of wattle thickness, the maximum being reached in about 4–5 days, and regressing by 10–12 days.Histologically, there is a large inflammatory exudate with prominent perivascular lymphocytic infiltration. The reaction is initiated by the injected cells only when a foreign antigen is present in the recipient.Preimmunisation of the recipient to the donor results in a profound suppression of the response. Donor immunisation does not increase lesion intensity; instead it also seems to cause some reduction.Blood leucocytes from hormonally bursectomised chickens were also shown to be fully competent by this criterion of immunological reactivity.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARING CERVICAL ADRENAL TRANSPLANTS IN THE SHEEP
Authors: Goding JR , Wright RD 
Published: December 2007

SummaryMethods previously described for the transplantation of the intact sheep's adranal gland to a cervical skin tube, with preservation of blood supply, have frequently failed because of oedema formation and subsequent venous thrombosis in the loop. In the method described here, the first stage consists of making a large loop containing the carotid artery and jugular vein. Oedema formation occurs as in the old procedure, but subsides within two weeks. It is suggested that a preformed endothelium‐lined pocket could be made with advantage for transplanting organs with a serosal surface. Transplantation of the adrenal gland is performed some three months later and after this procedure, oedema formation is insignificant. Improvements in methods of loop formation, mobilizing the renal vein and in carrying out the vascular anastomoses are described.
OBSERVATIONS ON NZB/B1 MICE
Authors: Bielschowsky Marianne , Bielschowsky F 
Published: December 2007

SummaryIn reciprocal crosses a deficit in numbers of offspring was noted when the male belonged to the NZB/B1 and the females to the NZO/B1 and NZY/B1 strains. In such matings the number of implantation sites was low.Only a small reduction in fertility was noted when NZC/B1 females were mated to NZB/B1 males.In offspring of reciprocal crosses NZB/B1 × NZC/B1 the incidence of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia was virtually 100 per cent in F1 and 74 per cent in F2 mice independent of sex of the NZB/B1 parent.
INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE ECOLOGY OF A GROUP A ARBOVIRUS IN WESTLAND, NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Ross RW , Miles JAR , Austin FJ , Maguire T 
Published: December 2007

SummaryInvestigations into the ecology of M78 virus (a group A arbovirus) in Westland, New Zealand, are reported.In all, 24,438 mosquitoes were collected and tested for the presence of arboviruses hut no isolations were made. The hulk ot the mosquitoes captured belonged to the two species Culiseta tonnoiri and Culex pervigilans.Four hundred and seventy‐six wild native or introduced birds of 21 species were bled during the year. These included 101 birds possessing antibody to M78 virus. Forty‐six domestic fowls from the same area included only one immune bird.Laboratory investigation involving 21 wild birds of six species and three domestic roosters showed that birds are quite susceptible to infection with M78.Sixteen of 56 human sera from Greymouth, Westland, contained neutralising but not haemagglutination‐inhibiting antibodies to M78. Neutralising antibody was also detected in approximately 10 per cent of human sera from Fiji, Samoa and Australia.
RECOVERIES OF BACTERIA AFTER DRYING IN GLUTAMATE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Authors: Annear DI 
Published: December 2007

SummarySalmonella ndolo was suspended in a number of fluids, including solutions of sodium glutamate, various carbohydrates and long chain polymers, then dried on cellulose tufts and sealed in vacuo. Recoveries were measured after storage at room temperature, 37° and 45°, and after exposure to 100° for as long as seven hours. Glutamate had a highly protective effect towards the desiccates at the higher temperatures. A mixture of glutamate and peptone gave complete recovery after drying and after storage at room temperature for two years, and relatively high recoveries after high temperature storage and exposure to 100°.The recoveries of bacteria after drying in glutamate on cellulose or quartz fibres were very similar.
STUDIES ON THE STREPTOCOCCUS LACTIS FOLATE ACTIVITY OF HUMAN LIVER TISSUE
Authors: Joske RA , Davis RE , Kelly A 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe S. lactis folate activity of human liver tissue has been measured in 78 specimens obtained by aspiration biopsy. The results in cirrhosis were significantly lower than in normal specimens, and results in other conditions were variable. It is considered that liver pathology, as well as nutrition, is a factor determining liver folate activity.Liver folate activity was related, with a high degree of significance, to liver vitamin B12 content, but not to serum vitamin B12 concentration or the results of conventional liver function tests.
VIRUSES OF THE MYXOMA‐FIBROMA SUBGROUP OF THE POXVIRUSES
Authors: Fenner Frank 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe soluble antigens of several strains of myxoma virus, and of rabbit and hare fibroma viruses, were compared by gel diffusion tests. Potent preparations showed up to six lines when tested against homologous antisera.There were strong cross‐reactions between strains of myxoma virus derived from widely separated parts of North and South America, but three groups of strains could be distinguished on the basis of the gel‐diffusion tests and the symptomatology of the disease produced in European rabbits. These were Brazilian, which included most of the strains from South America; Californian, a homogeneous group of wide temporal and spatial distribution in that State; and some strains from Colombia and Panama which were antigenically like Californian virus but resembled Brazilian virus in other properties.Three strains of rabbit fibroma virus derived from Michigan, Maryland and New Jersey were antigenically indistinguishable. Cross‐reactions between the soluble antigens of hare and squirrel fibroma virus and myxoma virus were very weak. Cross‐reactions of the soluble antigens of rabbit fibroma virus and myxoma virus on the one hand, and rabbit and hare fibroma viruses on the other, were more extensive.Lack of satisfactory preparations of soluble antigens and antisera precluded adequate investigation of the soluble antigens of squirrel fibroma virus. With some preparations of soluble antigens of many poxviruses, of several different subgroups, and with certain antisera, a line was seen which is thought to represent the interaction of the poxvirus group antigen and its antibody.Electron micrographs of thin sections of infected cells showed that hare and squirrel fibroma viruses, which had not previously been examined with the electron microscope, were morphologically typical poxviruses.The myxoma‐fibroma subgroup of the poxviruses and its evolutionary history are briefly discussed.
HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES OF HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUCOCYTES AND RAT MONOCYTES
Authors: Clarke AE 
Published: December 2007

SummaryA method of obtaining large numbers of phagocytic mononuclear cells by peritoneal lavage of rats having a subclinical intraperitoneal Mycoplasma infection is described.The levels of a number of hydrolytic enzymes, including the glycoside hydrolases which might be expected to participate in the breakdown of yeast cell walls, have been measured in homogenates of the rat monocytes and human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.Association of a number of hydrolytic enzymes with a granule fraction prepared from polymorphonuclear leucocytes and a similar, but not as complete, association of these enzymes with a particulate fraction from the rat monocytes has been demonstrated.
THE GROWTH AND REPOPULATION OF THYMUS GRAFTS PLACED UNDER THE KIDNEY CAPSULE
Authors: Metcalf D , Wakonig‐Vaartaja Resa , Bradley TR 
Published: December 2007

SummaryA comparative study has been made of the growth and repopulation of thymus grafts in the subcapsular space of the kidney and in the subcutaneous tissues of mice. In both sites thymus grafts underwent initial necrosis followed by regeneration, and in both sites the lymphoid population was replaced by host cells. In the kidney capsule site, thymus graft growth was six times more rapid and lymphoid differentiation and proliferation occurred earlier than in the subcutaneous sites. Kidney tissue did not potentiate the growth of thymus tissue in mixed grafts of thymus and kidney tissue. The initial delay in lymphoid differentiation of subcutaneous thymus grafts may be significant in determining the susceptibility to neoplastic change in these thymus grafts.
ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF THE EXTRACT OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS SEEDS (PHYTOHAEMAGGLUTININ) ROUTINELY USED IN LEUCOCYTE CULTURES
Authors: Marshall WH , Norins Leslie C 
Published: December 2007

SummaryTwo rabbits were immunized with an extract of the red kidney bean Phaseolus vulgaris. Sera obtained before and after immunization were tested for the presence of antibodies against components and biological activities of the bean extract.By immuno‐electrophoresis it was shown that‐(1) before immunization there was some precipitation between the α and β globulins of normal serum and the bean extract;(2) after immunization there was precipitation also between γ globulin and the extract, the immune serum precipitating with 5‐7 components of the bean extract;(3) several of these antigenic components ran together electrophoretically and occupied that region of the strip from winch haemagglutinin and lymphocyte growth factor were eluted. Two antigens in this region were absorbed out of the extract by blood cells, as were the haemagglutinin and lymphocyte growth factor.Immune rabbit sera inhibited both the lymphocyte growth factor and the substance toxic for macrophages. Similar inhibitory activity was detected in serum from a patient with aplastic anaemia who had been treated with injections of bean extract. Immune rabbit sera also reduced the haemagglutinating activity of the extract and inhibited the skin reactions produced in guinea pigs by intradermal injection of the bean extract. The histology of the skin lesion is described.Immediate haemorrhagic skin reactions and anaphylactic shock were produced in guinea pigs previously immunized with the bean extract and Freund's adjuvant.
THE GROWTH AND ERYTHROPOIETIC ACTIVITY OF SPLEEN GRAFTS PLACED UNDER THE KIDNEY CAPSULE
Authors: Metcalf D , Bradley R 
Published: December 2007

SummarySpleen grafts in mice attained a two to three times larger size under the kidney capsule than in the subcutaneous tissue. As with subcutaneous spleen grafts, grafts under the kidney capsule atained a larger size in splenectomised than in sham‐operated hosts. Erythropoiesis was more active in spleen grafts under the kidney capsule than in subcutaneous grafts, but erythropoiesis in spleen grafts in both sites was as responsive as erythropoiesis in the host's spleen to suppression by hypertransfusion.