bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Value of Screening Tests for Persistent Hepatitis C Virus Infection Evidenced by Viraemia: Japanese Experience
Authors: Watanabe J. , Matsumoto C. , Fujimura K. , Shimada T. , Nishioka K. , Yoshizawa H. , Okamoto H. , Iizuka H. , Tango T. , Ikeda H. , Endo N. , Mazda T. , Nojiri T. , Aoyama K. , Kanemitsu K. , Yamano H. , Mizui M. , Yokoishi F , Tokunaga K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn November 1989, Japanese Red Cross Blood Centres started screening for heaptitis C virus (HCV) with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) for the C100‐3 viral peptide as the first such nationwide programme in the world. Thereafter post‐transfusion non‐A non‐B hepatitis (PTNANBH) was reduced by 61–80%, but this was not as complete a success as our programme to prevent post‐transfusion hepatitis B by screening for high titer hepatitis B core antibody, which we began in the same period. In order to acquire more effective control of PTNANBH, the HCV core‐related antigen (GOR, N14) and second‐generation Elisa (Ortho2, Abbott2)and second‐generation antigen agglutination (PA, PHA) tests have been employed. Among 16,500 donors in 11 blood centers, 365 were serologically positive by at least one of these tests. Among these, HCV RNA was detected in 138 units and the remaining 227 were HCV RNA negatives. The effectiveness of these serological tests to detect HCV RNA‐positive status were analyzed. Passive haemagglutination and particle agglutination (PHA and PA) tests were highly effective to predict HCV viraemia among blood donors. Also, these tests can easily determine antibody titre. By either PHA or PA, all units with ≧212 agglutination titre (120 and 122 units) were HCV RNA positive and all agglutination‐positive units with serum alanine aminotransferase level higher than 35 Karmen units were HCV RNA positive. These results have formed the basis for implementing a more effective screening for HCV viraemia in blood donors, where effectiveness is defined as enhancing the protection of patients from post‐transfusion hepatitis C and providing higher quality information to achieve more effective donor counselling.
Recombinant Human Erythropoietin as Adjuvant Treatment for Autologous Blood Donation: A Prospective Study
Authors: Beris P. , Soulier‐Lauper M. , Tullen E. , Hugli A. , Miescher P. A. , Mermillod B. , Levy G. , Laubriat M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn a prospective randomized study we investigated the potential of subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) as adjuvant treatment for autologous blood transfusions (3 units) in elective surgery. Four and 2 weeks before surgery, 49 patients received 6 times 10,000 U of rhEpo. ΔHb values (days ‐28 and 0) of the rhEpo group were compared to ΔHb values of 52 controls (no rhEpo). Reticulocytes were measured at days ‐21, ‐14, ‐7 and 0. Peri‐ and postoperative supplementary homologous blood requirements were compared in the two randomized groups. ΔHb of rhEpo group was 0.96 g/dl (mean value) and 2.38 for controls. Reticulocyte count increased earlier and to higher levels in rhEpo‐treated patients. Except in 1 case, Epo was well tolerated. These results indicate that autologous predonation (3 times 400 ml) does not create anemia if adjuvant Epo treatment is given. However, homologous blood requirements were not significantly different, which is probably due to the fact that 96 of the 101 treated patients underwent elective orthopedic surgery requiring limited blood replacement. Significant benefit of the Epo regimen can be expected in elective cardiovascular and hepatic surgery where larger amounts of blood (5–6 units) are needed.
Effect of Prestorage Leukocyte Reduction on Proteins of Platelets Obtained by Apheresis
Authors: Sarraj‐Reguieg Amira , Tissot Jean‐Daniel , Hochstrasser Denis F. , von Fliedner Vladimir , Bachmann Fedor , Schneider Philippe 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe effect of prestorage leukocyte reduction was evaluated on platelet concentrates (PCs) obtained by apheresis using the ‘surge’ technique. Two hours after collection, the PCs were divided into 2 equal units. One unit was filtered through a Sepacell PL‐10a®, producing a filtered PC (FPC). The second unit constituted a non‐filtered PC (NFPC). FPCs and NFPCs were stored at room temperature in 1,400‐ml CLX® bags on a horizontal agitator up to 7 days. We analyzed platelet samples obtained during storage from NFPCs and FPCs at days 1,3 and 7. The expression of membrane glycoproteins (GP)Ib and GPIIb/IIIa (assessed by flow cytometry), platelet response to thrombin and ristocetin (aggregometry) and global platelet protein pattern (studied by high‐resolution two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis) remained stable over the 7 days of storage in NFPCs as well as in FPCs. However, in both preparations, the expression of GMP‐140 (flow cytometry) progressively increased during storage. Our in vitro study indicates that early leukocyte reduction by filtration of apheresis PCs does not induce modifications in platelet GPs and protein patterns.
Systematic Use of Leukocyte‐Free Blood Components to Prevent Alloimmunization and Platelet Refractoriness in Multitransfused Children with Cancer
Authors: Saarinen U. M. , Koskimies S. , Myllylä G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA major drawback in the use of platelet transfusions is the development of platelet refractoriness that is usually caused by alloimmunization provoked by leukocytes present in the blood products. We evaluated the development of alloimmunization both by serological demonstration of HLA antibodies and by clinical demonstration of platelet refractoriness in 50 multitransfused children who exclusively received filtered, leukocyte‐free blood products. The basic diagnoses included acute leukemia, pediatric solid tumors, and severe aplastic anemia. We also present a reference group of 10 similarly multitransfused children, who either deliberately or inadvertently had received nonfiltered blood products on some occasions. In the study group of 50 children, none developed platelet refractoriness. The median corrected increment was 11.1 times 109/1 at the time of initial diagnosis, and 10.4 at the time of the study 8 months later (median). None had detectable HLA antibodies in serum. In contrast, in the reference group 3/10 had HLA antibodies in serum, and 1/10 was clearly refractory to random pooled platelets. We conclude that systematic use of leukocyte‐free blood components effectively prevents alloimmunization in heavily transfused children with cancer. Leukocyte depletion to the level of < 1 times 106 of contaminating leukocytes per unit is sufficient and seems to prevent alloimmunization totally.
Working Standards for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen for Use in the UK Blood Transfusion Service: Results of a Collaborative Study
Authors: Ferguson Morag , Pipkin Pamela A. , Heath Alan B. , Minor Philip D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTwenty‐six laboratories including 22 Blood Transfusion Centres in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland participated in a collaborative study to assess the suitability of proposed working standards for hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) for use in the UK Blood Transfusion Service. Data from 88 assays indicated that all laboratories could detect HBsAg in the proposed working standard at a concentration of 0.5 IU/ml. Samples containing HBsAg at a concentration of 0.125 IU/ml were scored positive in 80% of assays and it was concluded that this would be a suitable concentration for inclusion in a monitor sample which would indicate whether the sensitivity of an assay system in routine use is varying over a period of time. The use of a batch of ‘provisional’ working standard tested under field conditions over a period of 4 months has been monitored. HBsAg was not detected in only 2 out of 6,523 assays.
Inactivation of Viruses during Ultraviolet Light Treatment of Human Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Albumin
Authors: Hart H. , Reid K. , Hart W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA comparison of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation at two wavelength ranges UVB (280–320 nm) and UVC (lower than 280 nm) showed that UVC in particular could very effectively inactivate, in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and albumin preparations, non‐enveloped and non‐acid labile model viruses (i.e. Polio 2 and T4 phage) and dry heat‐resistant viruses (vaccinia and T4 phage). This effective virucidal treatment (5 min, 5,000 J/m2 dose) was achieved before an unaceeptable level of WIG aggregates occurred. The use of UV irradiation to inactivate infectious agents could add safety and supplement current methods, e.g. solvent/detergent, low pH, which do not inactivate non‐enveloped, non‐acid labile or dry‐heat‐resistant viruses at present.
Second‐Generation Hepatitis C Elisa Antibody Tests Confirmed by the Four‐Antigen Recombinant Immunoblot Assay Correlate Well with Hepatitis C Viremia and Chronic Liver Disease in Swedish Blood Donors
Authors: Shev S. , Foberg U. , Fryden A. , Hermodsson S. , Lindh G. , Lindholm A. , Månsson A.S. , von Sydow M. , Weiland O. , Widell A. , Norkrans G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSeventy‐three Swedish blood donors (52 men, 21 women; median age 36 years) repeatedly reactive for hepatitis C antibodies (anti‐HCV C‐100‐3) were tested with a second‐generation (2nd‐gen) anti‐HCV Elisa and a 4‐band recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA 2). These results were correlated to serum alanine aminotransferase (S‐ALAT), liver morphology and viremia as detected by ‘nested’ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on primers from a 5′‐noncoding sequence of the HCV genome. Thirty‐five of 46 (76%) donors with positive 2nd‐gen Elisa tests confirmed by RIBA 2 were PCR positive whereof 27 had histological findings compatible with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and 7 had chronic active hepatitis (CAH). Ten of 56 (18%) 2nd‐gen Elisa‐positive donors were RIBA 2 negative (or indeterminate) and none of these had chronic hepatitis nor were PCR positive. Seventeen of 73 (23%) donors were 1st‐gen Elisa positive but 2nd‐gen Elisa negative. All of these were PCR negative and only 1 (6%) had chronic hepatitis (CPH). An elevated S‐ALAT level (reference <0.7 μkat/1) was found in 26 2nd‐gen Elisa and RIBA 2‐positive donors of which 18 had CPH and 7 had CAH and all 25 were PCR positive. A normal S‐ALAT level was found in 9 of 34 (26%) donors with chronic hepatitis (all had CPH) and positive PCR. We have found that blood donors with positive 2nd‐gen anti‐HCV Elisa tests confirmed by RIBA‐2 and especially with a concomitant elevated S‐ALAT are highly likely to be viremic as demonstrated by PCR and to have chronic hepatitis.
Transfusion‐Transmitted Yersinia enterocolitica Infection: Protection Through Buffy Coat Removal and Failure of the Bacteria to Grow in Platelet‐Rich or Platelet‐Poor Plasma
Authors: Gong J. , Högman C.F. , Hambraeus A. , Johansson C.S. , Eriksson L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn a previous study, removal of white blood cells (WBC), by filtration 5 h after deliberate contamination of whole blood with a type 0:3 strain of Yersinia enterocolitica, was shown to be an effective way of avoiding bacterial growth in red blood cells (RBC) during storage. In the present study the Opti‐System technique was used to remove the buffy coat from whole blood, leaving 10–20% of the original number of WBC in the RBC preparation. In one series of experiments, all of 4 units of RBC suspension, from which buffy coats were removed 2 h after inoculation of 112 colony‐forming units (cfu) per ml of Y. enterocolitica, became Yersinia‐free, while abundant bacterial growth occurred in all of 4 units where RBC suspension and buffy coat had been recombined. In a second series of 10 experiments, with an inoculum of 80 cfu/ml, no growth was found in platelet‐poor plasma stored for 42 days at 4°C. Five out of 10 RBC suspensions in SAGM additive solution remained Yersinia‐free throughout a 6‐week storage period; 4 of these 10 units showing growth of Yersinia after 4 weeks and 5 after 6 weeks. In the buffy coats bacterial growth was found in 1 out of 10 units after 1 week, 4 after 2 weeks, and in all of 10 units after 4 weeks. In 2 control experiments with WBC‐reduced RBC inoculated with the same bacterial dose, growth started within 24 h and was abundant after 1 week.In platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), prepared from 4 units of whole blood that had been inoculated with Y. enterocolitica (106 cfu/ml), no bacterial growth was found during 10 days of storage at 22°C. Also, after Y. enterocolitica inoculation (114 cfu/ml) directly into PRP, bacteria failed to grow.We conclude that removal of the buffy coat from whole blood that had been previously contaminated with a moderate inoculation of Y. enterocolitica partly protects the red cells from bacterial growth during storage. The risk of transmitting Y. enterocolitica with platelet‐poor plasma, liquid stored at 4°C, seems minimal. This bacterial species shows very poor capacity to grow in PRP at 22°C.
Protection Against Rh D‐Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn by a Diminished Transport of Maternal IgG to the Fetus
Authors: Dooren Marion C. , Engelfriet C. Paul 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIgG present in the circulation of newborn infants is predominantly of maternal origin. In cases of severe Rh D alloimmunization, the maternal anti‐D antibodies may lead to Rh D‐haemolytic disease of the newborn. However, an impaired placental transport of maternal IgG could be associated with the protection of the fetus/newborn against haemolytic disease as shown in this case report.
Antibodies to Platelet Glycoprotein V in Polytransfused Patients with Haematological Disease
Authors: Meenaghan M. , Judson P. A. , Yousaf K. , Lewis L. , Pamphilon D. H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPolytransfused patients often develop platelet‐reactive antibodies (PRAb). These give positive reactions in the platelet immunofluorescence test (PIFT) and may be either lymphocytotoxic (LCTAb) or platelet‐specific antibodies (PSAb). The latter may be detected in the PIFT using chloroquine‐treated platelets (Chl‐PIFT) or by immunoblotting. Serial samples from 106 multiply transfused patients with bone marrow failure were screened by PIFT using a microplate method and flow‐cytometric analysis. PSAb activity was confirmed by Chl‐PIFT. In 45 (42%) of the patients studied PSAb were detected; 37 (35%) formed LCTAb and 19 (51%) had co‐existent PSAb. Sera from 25 of 27 patients with a positive Chl‐PIFT, retested by immunoblotting, recognised determinants of Mr 82–160 kD on whole platelets. A large group became sensitised to a component of Mr 105–115 kD reduced (99 kD non‐reduced) with similar electrophoretic mobility to GPIIIa using a monoclonal anti‐GPIIIa and two human polyclonal anti‐HPA‐1a sera; some also produced anti‐GPIIb. The largest group recognised a determinant of Mr 80–83 kD, probably glycoprotein V (GPV). Three sera were immunoblotted against thrombin‐treated platelets and the results confirmed GPV specificity.
Platelets Stored for 6 Days in a Polyolefin Container in a Synthetic Medium with Minimal Plasma Carry‐Over
Authors: Boomgaard M. N. , Gouwerok C. W. N. , De Korte D. , Loos J. A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPlatelet concentrates (PC) were stored for 6 days in either polyolefin (PO) or polyvinylchloride/di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phtalate (PVC/DEHP) bags in 100% plasma or in a synthetic medium with 35 or 10% plasma. For all conditions studied the usual in vitro parameters were well maintained, with a pH above 6.8. In both bag types platelets can be satisfactorily stored for 6 days in a synthetic medium with minimal amounts of residual plasma. For this medium, the PO bag offers a slight advantage with respect to the preservation of platelet ATP content (>80 versus >70% in the PVC bags) and aggregation and adhesion capacity. The adhesion capacity increased in the PO bags, while it decreased in the PVC bags.
A Novel Variant of the Human Blood Group K1 Antigen
Authors: Skradski K. , Reid M. E. , Mount M. , Polesky H.F. , Sausais L. , Yacob M. , Batts R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA discrepancy in duplicate anti‐K1 typing in a parentage case led to the discovery of an unusual K1 blood group antigen. Red blood cells from the propositus (JC) express a rare variant of the K1 antigen that is detectable by only 8 of 72 sera containing anti‐K1. Absorption and elution studies using reactive anti‐K1 confirmed the presence of a K1 antigen. Nonreactive anti‐K1 was not absorbed by or eluted from JC's red blood cells. Red cells from 3 of the propositus's siblings also had the variant K1 antigen. The variant antigen exhibited qualitative as well as quantitative differences as compared to normal K1, and we have named it K1var.
Postnatal Development of Red Cell Leaand LebAntigens in Chinese Infants
Authors: Lin Marie , Shieh Shiow‐Hua 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLewis phenotyping of 487 blood samples from Chinese newborn infants and young children, revealed that 50% of cord cells were Le(a–b+) and 50% Le(a–b–). The weak Lebantigen of Le(a–b+) cord cells is most likely produced by the newborn infant rather than of maternal origin and it appears that these infants eventually develop by way of an intermediate Le(a+b+) stage into the adult Le(a–b+) phenotype. Most infants with Le(a–b–) cord cells, but not all, appear to develop through a transitional Le(a+b–) stage, into Le (a+b+) by about 1 month of age, most likely continuing as such into adulthood. This development of Le(a–b–) cord cells into the adult Le(a+b+) phenotype is postulated to be the result of the weak secretor geneSeω. Those infants with Le(a–b–) cord cells that do not convert to Le(a+b+) during the first month of life, most likely remain as such into adulthood. The blood of 120 adult voluntary blood donors, used as controls, reconfirmed adult Chinese phenotypic frequencies of approximately 70% Le(a–b+), 22% Le(a+b+) and 8% Le(a–b–).
Relative Efficiency of Leucocyte Removal Procedures for the Production of Leucocyte‐Poor Red Cell Concentrates Assessed by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Farrugia A. , Tan Y. , Romeo A. , Martin L. , Rolland J. R. , Kellner S. , Piouronowski H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFlow cytometry was used to: (1) determine residual leucocyte numbers in red cell suspensions following the range of leucocyte depletion procedures used in our organisation, and (2) to characterise phenotypically the leucocytes using direct immuofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies to cell surface receptors. Under the conditions used, a lower limit of detection of 2.5 leucocytes per μl (equivalent to 3.43 log10 or 99.96% removal) could be achieved. Filtration through polyester filters was found to remove up to >99.96% of the initial leucocytes; however, a significant differential efficacy was observed between filters from different manufacturers even when filters with similar costs were compared. The order of filter brands with respect to leucocyte removal found was Pall BPF4 = Erypur Optima G‐O > Sepacell R500 > Pall RC50. Pheno‐typing revealed that increasing filtration efficacy was associated with a preferential removal of lymphocytes; conversely, a second filtration over one brand of filter allowed proportionately more lymphocytes to pass through compared with the first filtration. A saline wash following filtration removed a further 0.5% of the initial leucocyte content, and was associated with a preferential loss of granulocytes. Freeze‐thawing the red cell suspension removed fewer leucocytes (96.3%) than did filtration (98.74% to>l99.6%) or filtration followed by washing (99.22%), and also led to preferential loss of granulocytes. Flow cytometry provides a reliable tool for the quality control of leuco‐depleted red cells, and allows a qualitative assessment of the residual leucocytes. This information is of value in choosing procedures aimed at decreasing the risk of alloimmunisation and post‐transfusion reactions.
Patterns of Autologous Blood Use in Elective Orthopedic Surgery: Does the Availability of Autologous Blood Change Transfusion Behavior?
Authors: Julius Carmen J. , Purchase Kimberly S. , Isham Betsy E. , Howard Phillip L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe studied the orthopedic surgery service at our institution to determine whether the mere availability of autologous blood (AB) affected transfusion practice. As a group, patients who had AB available received an average of 1.11 fewer red cell units per hospitalization than did patients with only homologous blood (HB) available. At every transfusion episode, those patients having AB available received fewer red cell units than did patients without AB available. Predeposit of autologous red cells was effective in protecting 77.6% of patients from HB exposure. The availability of autologous red cells resulted in an overall more conservative approach to transfusion.
Blood Product Utilization in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Effect of Gender and Autologous Blood on Transfusion Practice
Authors: Churchill W. H. , Chapman Richard H. , Rutherford Cynthia J. , Poss Robert , Wallace Edward L. , Surgenor Douglas MacN. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAnalysis of total blood product support for a 1‐year cohort of patients undergoing hip or knee total joint arthroplasty showed significant differences in transfusion therapy between patients who predeposited autologous blood and those who did not. In primary joint arthroplasty, 51% of nonpredepositing patients undergoing hip replacement and 28% of nonpredepositing patients undergoing knee replacement required red cell transfusions. In revision procedures, 58–61% were transfused. Predepositors requiring only autologous blood received less blood per patient than nonpredepositors; however, 73–87% of primary and 86–88% of revision arthroplasty patients were transfused. Predepositors receiving supplemental allogeneic blood used a volume of red cells comparable to nonpredepositing patients, which was significantly greater than the red cell requirement of predepositors using only autologous blood. Moreover, regardless of predeposit status, the extent of red cell replacement differed between men and women. Male patients presented with significantly higher hematocrits and were less likely to be transfused than females undergoing the same procedure. However, once the transfusion‐decision was made, the average amount of red cells given for each procedure did not show gender‐related variation. Despite differences in admission and lowest observed hematocrits, all patients were discharged with hematocrits in the same range, suggesting that men were replaced with relatively less blood than women. These differences in transfusion practice relating to gender and predeposit status could not be associated with identifiable changes in clinical outcome which might provide rationale for the observed differences in practice.