bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exhumation and deformation history of the lower crustal section of the Valstrona di Omegna in the Ivrea Zone, southern Alps
Authors: Siegesmund S. , Layer P. , Dunkl I. , Vollbrecht A. , Steenken A. , Wemmer K. , Ahrendt H. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

The Ivrea Zone (southern Alps) is one of the key regions interpreted as exposing a section of the lower continental crust and was the subject of several review-type articles. The Ivrea–Verbano Zone was rotated into an upright position along the Insubric mylonite belt. In the southeast, this unit is in contact with the Strona Ceneri Zone, which is interpreted as upper continental crust crossing the Permian Cossato–Mergozzo–Brissagio Line (CMB Line). The CMB mylonites are locally overprinted by the mylonites and cataclasites of the Pogallo Line, which was active during the Jurassic. In addition, the sinistral, steeply inclined Rosarolo shear zone was active over a long time span from the ductile into the brittle field, i.e. from the Early Permian (high-temperature ultra-mylonites) to the Neo-Alpine basic dykes and pseudotachylites. The high-temperature mylonites accommodated crustal extension and may be related to normal faults generated by magmatic underplating. The reactivation at different crustal levels during exhumation and tilting is documented by strain increments at decreasing P/T conditions. Its present subvertical orientation was attained during the Neo-Alpine deformation. Constraints on its exhumation history are based on new
40
Ar/
39
Ar hornblende ages, K–Ar biotite ages and zircon fission-track data along the NE–SW trending Valstrona section. A re-interpretation of existing U–Pb monazite ages is included, based on a higher closure temperature for monazite. The oldest monazite ages are observed in proximity to the Pogallo Line (
c
. 292 Ma). Heat input by mafic intrusions was sufficient to reset the U–Pb monazite system, as is evidenced by the youngest ages in the vicinity of the Insubric Line. The re-interpretation favours the hypothesis that the oldest monazite ages are the result of complete resetting by a Permian thermal event. The
40
Ar/
39
Ar hornblende ages and K–Ar biotite ages document the cooling after Permian heating. Roughly parallel age progressions decrease from the Pogallo Line (hornblende: 271 Ma vs. biotite: 227 Ma) towards the Insubric Line (hornblende: 201 Ma vs. biotite: 156 Ma). Zircon fission-track ages run parallel to the biotite ages in the upper part of the profile, whereas towards the Insubric Line a significant deviation from the biotite age progression is attributed to tilting of the basement during the Oligocene. Zircon fission-track ages around 38 Ma are found close to the Insubric Line. No age offset, neither at the CMB nor at the Pogallo Line, is observed. This confirms the hypothesis that the Pogallo Line is an oblique normal fault, and that the CMB Line has accommodated only minor vertical displacement. The capture of the different cooling ages confirms the tilting of the Ivrea–Verbano Zone during the Neo-Alpine deformation and contradicts the tilting of the Ivrea–Verbano Zone during the Permian.
Post-Variscan to Early Alpine sedimentary basins in the Tauern Window (eastern Alps)
Authors: Veselá P. , Lammerer B. , Wetzel A. , Söllner F. , Gerdes A. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
The crystalline basement of the Tauern Window is locally covered by Palaeozoic to Mesozoic sediments that experienced Alpine tectonometamorphism. The sedimentary cover has been subdivided into mappable lithological units. The correlation of these units, the use of some dated marker intervals and independent palinspastic restoration provide evidence that the depositional area was differentiated into basins and swells. At the end of the Variscan orogeny, during the Carboniferous and Permian, intermontane basins formed in basement rocks and mainly continental clastics accumulated in elongate troughs. Later, probably during the Triassic, there was levelling of the previous relief and subsidence of the basins, but continental sedimentation still prevailed although interrupted by some marine transgressions. Thereafter, probably during the Jurassic, the area was progressively flooded and the sedimentation became increasingly calcareous. The Upper Jurassic carbonates document complete submergence. In some areas, the Upper Jurassic carbonates directly rest on crystalline basement indicating renewed tectonic stretching. The sedimentary cover shows striking similarities with coeval deposits within the Germanic Basin and the study area is therefore considered to have been part of the southern European continental margin of the Tethys (the so-called Vindelician Land).
The Meliata suture in the Carpathians: regional significance and implications for the evolution of high-pressure wedges within collisional orogens
Authors: Dallmeyer R. David , Neubauer Franz , Fritz Harald 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

The Meliata nappe of the Western Carpathian orogen is comprised of Triassic deep-sea metasedimentary rocks and fragments of blueschist-bearing ophiolite. These were structurally emplaced onto Permian/Triassic shelf sequences and its Variscan basement. The nappe records a succession of deformational events which formed under decreasing pressure conditions. Subduction-related burial and resulting blueschist metamorphism is dated by
40
Ar/
39
Ar plateau ages recorded by four phengitic muscovite concentrates (160–150 Ma). These crystallized during ductile deformation characterized by predominantly coaxial NW–SE stretching. The structures were overprinted by semiductile, nonpenetrative fabric elements which formed under greenschist facies conditions and contemporaneously with fabrics which developed in footwall tectonic units. Kinematic indicators record top north to NW shear during Middle Cretaceous loading of the Meliata unit onto the Inner Carpathian nappe complex recorded by a
40
Ar/
39
Ar whole rock phyllite age of 105.8±1.5 Ma. A subsequent southeastern sense of shear is interpreted to have resulted from extension during Late Cretaceous uplift along hinterland margins of the tectonic wedge. The Meliata unit is part of a major Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous suture which initially extended from the Alps to the Hellenides. It has been subsequently disrupted as a result of later strike-slip faulting following Tertiary collision of the Cretaceous orogen, and was transported onto extra-Alpine European units.
Subduction-related metamorphism in the Alps: review of isotopic ages based on petrology and their geodynamic consequences
Authors: Berger Alfons , Bousquet Romain 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
We summarize ages of the high‐pressure/low‐temperature (HP/LT) metamorphic evolution of the central and the western Alps. The individual isotopic mineral ages are interpreted to represent either: (1) early growth of metamorphic minerals on the prograde path; (2) timing close to peak metamorphism; or (3) retrograde resetting of the chronometers at still‐elevated pressures. Therefore, each individual age cannot easily be transferred to a geodynamic setting at a certain time. These different data indicate a subduction‐related metamorphism between 62 and 35 Ma in different units (e.g. Voltri Massif, Schistes Lustrés of the western Alps, Tauern Window). Oceanic and continental basement units show isotope ages related to eclogitic or blueschist facies metamorphism between 75 and 40 Ma. Most of these ages may record equilibration along the retrograde path, except of some Lu/Hf garnet ages and some zircon SHRIMP ages, which provide information on the prograde path. These different isotope ages are interpreted as different steps along pressure–time paths and so may provide some information on the geodynamic evolution. The data record a continuous subduction, which is ongoing for several tens of millions years. In a large‐scale picture, we have to assume fragmentation of the downgoing plate in order to explain the available P–T and t data. This interpretation questions the ongoing driving force for subduction during the disappearance of the Alpine Tethys.
Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Benign Proliferative Breast Disease: A Randomized, Controlled Dietary Modification Trial
Authors: Rohan Thomas E. , Negassa Abdissa , Caan Bette , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Curb J. David , Ginsberg Mindy , Lane Dorothy S. , Neuhouser Marian L. , Shikany James M. , Wassertheil-Smoller Sylvia , Page David L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractModifiable factors, including diet, might alter breast cancer risk. We used the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification trial to test the effect of the intervention on risk of benign proliferative breast disease, a condition associated with increased risk of, and considered to be on the pathway to, invasive breast cancer. The Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification trial was a randomized, controlled, primary prevention trial conducted in 40 U.S. clinical centers from 1993 to 2005. A total of 48,835 postmenopausal women, ages 50 to 79 years, without prior breast cancer, were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to the dietary modification intervention group or to the comparison group. The intervention was designed to reduce total dietary fat intake to 20% of total energy intake, and to increase fruit and vegetable intake to ≥5 servings/d and intake of grain products to ≥6 servings/d, but resulted in smaller, albeit significant, changes in practice. Participants had biennial mammograms and regular clinical breast exams. We identified women who reported breast biopsies free of cancer, obtained the histologic sections, and subjected them to standardized central review. During follow-up (average, 7.7 years), 570 incident cases of benign proliferative breast disease were ascertained in the intervention group and 793 in the comparison group. The hazard ratio for the association between dietary modification and benign proliferative breast disease was 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.23). Risk varied by levels of baseline total vitamin D intake but it varied little by levels of other baseline variables. These results suggest that a modest reduction in fat intake and increase in fruit, vegetable, and grain intake do not alter the risk of benign proliferative breast disease.
An analysis of the relative effects of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 variants on anticoagulation related outcomes in warfarin-treated patients
Authors: Meckley Lisa M. , Wittkowsky Ann K. , Rieder Mark J. , Rettie Allan E. , Veenstra David L. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryThe objective of this study was to assess the relative influence of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genetic variants on several clinical outcomes related to warfarin treatment. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 172 anticoagulation clinic patients followed from warfarin initiation. We assessed the following clinical outcomes: time to stable dose; time in, above, and below therapeutic range; the probability of overanticoagulation (international normalized ratio [INR] >5); frequency of anticoagulation clinic visits; and the contribution of genetics to maintenance dose. Patients with CYP2C9 variants, compared to those without, achieved stable dose 48% later (p<0.01),spent a higher proportion of time above range in the first month of therapy (14% vs. 25%, p=0.07), and had a higher odds ratio (OR) of an INR >5 (OR: 4.15, p=0.03). In contrast, the only statistically significant effect withVKORC1 was a higher odds of an INR >5 (OR: 4.47,p=0.03) for patients homozygous for theVKORC1 low-dose haplotype (AA) compared to heterozygotes. We did not detect an influence of CYP2C9 norVKORC1 on the frequency of clinic visits. CYP2C9 alone,VKORC1 alone, and a combination of genetic and clinical factors explained 12%, 27%, and 50%,respectively, of the variation in warfarin maintenance dose. In conclusion, genetic variation in VKORC1 appears to have a different influence than CYP2C9 on anticoagulation-related outcomes such as bleeding events and time in therapeutic range. This difference may be due, in part, to pharmacokinetics factors (e.g. drug half-life), which are influenced primarily by CYP2C9; these findings should be confirmed in additional studies.
Detection of P2Y14 protein in platelets and investigation of the role of P2Y14 in platelet function in comparison with the EP3 receptor
Authors: Wijeyeratne Yanushi D. , Fox Susan C. , Manolopoulos Panagiotis , Johnson Andrew J. , White Ann E. , Latif M. Liaque , Ralevic Vera , Heptinstall Stanley , Dovlatova Natalia 
Published: July 2008

SummarymRNA encoding the recently discovered P2Y14 receptor has been reported in platelets, but the presence of P2Y14 receptor protein and its functionality have not been studied. If P2Y14 is expressed along with P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors it may have a role in haemostasis. It was the objective of this study to investigate the presence of the P2Y14 receptor in platelets and its role in platelet function. The effects of the agonist UDP-glucose were compared with those of sulprostone, a selective EP3 receptor agonist. Expression of P2Y14 receptor was investigated by immunoblotting and confocal microscopy. Platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and whole blood was measured using light absorbance and platelet counting. VASP phosphorylation was investigated using flow cytometry. Immunoblotting provided evidence for P2Y14 receptor protein and microscopy confirmed its presence on platelets. Despite this, UDP-glucose (up to 100 µM) did not induce platelet aggregation in either PRP or whole blood, and did not potentiate aggregation induced by other agonists. P2Y14 did not substitute for P2Y12 in experiments using the P2Y12 antagonist AR-C69931. No effect of UDP-glucose was seen on adenylate cyclase activity as measured by VASP phosphorylation. In contrast, sulprostone acting via the EP3 receptor promoted platelet aggregation with effects on adenylate cyclase activity. EP3 also partially substituted for P2Y12 receptor. We have demonstrated the presence of P2Y14 receptor protein in platelets, but no contribution of this receptor to several measures of platelet function has been observed. Further studies are necessary to determine whether the P2Y14 receptor in platelets has any functionality.
Level, distribution and correlates of platelet-derived microparticles in healthy individuals with special reference to the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Haze Takane , Sugiyama Masaki , Higuchi Mami , Asayama Hitoshi , Karitani Yoshihiro , Nishikawa Tomofumi , Yamashita Kohsuke , Nagami Shuhei , Nakayama Takeo , Kanatani Kazushi , Nomura Shosaku , Ueba Tetsuya 
Published: July 2008

SummaryPlatelet-derived microparticles (PDMPs), a procoagulant factor, are reportedly elevated in type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndrome. The metabolic syndrome (MS) is strongly associated with cardio- and cerebrovascular disease-related atherothrombotic events. To clarify the level, distribution and correlates of PDMPs with special reference to MS, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 467 healthy Japanese volunteers without signs, symptoms, or a history of cardio- or cerebrovascular disease. They were 211 men and 256 women (median age 39 and 35 years, respectively). Using an ELISA kit and monoclonal antibodies against CD42b and CD42a (glycoprotein Ib and IX) we assayed the PDMP levels. Total cholesterol, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, remnant cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors were also recorded. There was a significant difference in the level of PDMPs between men and women. The median value and the interquartile range of PDMPs was 8.3 IU/ml and 6.2 – 10.5 IU/ml and 6.8 IU/ml and 5.2 – 8.6 IU/ml, respectively, in men and women. PDMPs were significantly associated with MS criteria in men (p<0.001) and women (p=0.040). Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant odds ratio of 3.9 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4–10.5] in men and of 4.2 [95% CI: 1.6–10.7] in the entire study population. Our results suggest that PDMPs identified by glycoprotein CD42b and CD42a are positively associated with MS.
The efficacy of antithrombin administration in the acute phase of burn injury
Authors: Lavrentieva Athina , Bitzani Militsa , Parlapani Aggeliki , Thomareis Olympia , Scourtis Harisios , Tsotsolis Nicolaos , Lazaridis Lambis , Giala Maria-Amalia , Kontakiotis Theodore 
Published: July 2008

SummarySevere burn injury is characterized by the activation of coagulation, decreased fibrinolytic activity and decreased natural anticoagulant activity. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of antithrombin (AT) administration on coagulation status and on organ function in the early post-burn period. Thirty-one patients were admitted to the burn intensive care unit and were then randomised into two groups (AT- treated and non-AT-treated) for four consecutive days after thermal injury. The clinical data, coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters were compared and the adverse effects were monitored. Significant differences in the time course of coagulation markers (thrombin/AT complexes, tissue plasminogen activator, D-dimer) were observed between AT-treated and non-AT treated groups. According to the International Society onThrombosis and Haemostasis criteria, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) diagnosis was made in 28 of 31 patients. The presence of overt DIC was associated with mortality (p<0.001).The Sequential Organ Failure As-sessment (SOFA) score time trend differed significantly between the two investigation groups (decreased in the treated group and did not change in the non-AT-treated group). AT-treated patients had an absolute reduction in a 28-day mortality of 25% as compared to the non-AT-treated group (p=0.004). No treatment related side effects were observed. Treatment withAT seems to affect the coagulation status and reduce multiple organ failure incidence and mortality in the early post-burn period.
Variation in fibrinogen FGG and FGA genes and risk of stroke
Authors: Cheung Elim Y. L. , Bos Michiel J. , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Koudstaal Peter J. , Hofman Albert , de Maat Moniek P. M. , Breteler Monique M. B. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryHaplotypes of the fibrinogen gamma and alpha (FGG and FGA) genes are associated with the structure of the fibrin network and may therefore influence the risk of stroke. We investigated the relationship between common variation in these genes with ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke. The study was based on 6,275 participants of the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study who at baseline (1990 – 1993) were aged 55 years or over, free from stroke, and had successful assessment of at least one FGG or FGA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Common haplotypes were estimated using seven tagging SNPs across a 30 kb region containing the FGG and FGA genes. Follow-up for incident stroke was complete until January 1,2005. Associations between constructed haplotypes and risk of stroke were estimated with an age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression model. We observed 668 strokes, of which 393 were ischemic and 62 haemorrhagic, during a median follow-up time of 10.1 years. FGG+FGA haplotype 3 (H3) was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke (odds ratio [OR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.69) and the risk estimate for hemorrhagic stroke was 0.71 (95% CI 0.46–1.09) compared to the most frequent H1. The FGG and FGA genes were not associated with stroke or its subtypes when analyzed separately. In conclusion, risk of ischemic stroke was higher in FGG+FGA H3 than in H1. The results suggested that an opposite association may exist for haemorrhagic stroke.
The technique of measuring thrombin generation with fluorogenic substrates: 1. Necessity of adequate calibration
Authors: De Smedt Erik , Al Dieri Raed , Spronk Henri M. H. , Hamulyak Karli , ten Cate Hugo , Hemker H. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryIn fluorogenic thrombin generation (TG) measurement the concentrations of thrombin are obtained from the course of fluorescence intensity. Because of fluorescence quenching, in one series of normal plasmas (n=60), the rate of fluorescence increase at fixed thrombin activity was 70 ± 13% of that in buffer, in another (n= 139) 75 ± 8%. Using a calibration factor (CF) measured in buffer therefore underestimates thrombin concentrations in plasma and introduces a source of error. A fixed CF also neglects the 25 – 35% increase of CF during the experiment and thus distorts the form of the TG curve so that the ETP cannot be determined. Continuous individual calibration (CIC), in which CF is determined continuously in a parallel sample, avoids such systematic errors but adds random error because the thrombin course is calculated from two different measurements. We determined the intra-individual coefficients of variation (CV) of the peak-height and ETP as obtained with CIC to those obtained with a fixed CF measured in buffer. With the fixed CF, the CVs varied between 18% and 49%; with CIC they lowered to 4–7% (n=5x12), i.e. in a range allowing clinical application. It is shown that CIC can be discarded for the measurement of peak thrombin values and replaced by comparison to a reference plasma only if quenching is not a systematic confounder. This was shown to be the case in the set of 139 normal plasmas but not in the set used for determining the intraindividual CVs, a difference that may depend upon preanalytical conditions.
Clinical implications of clopidogrel resistance
Authors: De Miguel Antonio , Ibanez Borja , Badimón Juan 
Published: July 2008

SummaryThe benefits of clopidogrel in the treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease are well established, however, not all individuals respond in the same way to clopidogrel; there are patients who suffer adverse events despite clopidogrel treatment. This review focuses on the definition, potential mechanisms for and clinical implications of clopidogrel resistance, as well as the strategies to improve the response to this antiplatelet drug. There is an inter-individual variability in response to clopidogrel therapy, and a sub-optimal response (clopidogrel resistance) has been associated with adverse cardiovascular events. Nevertheless, there is no clear and consensual definition of clopidogrel resistance. Response to clopidogrel therapy follows a normal, bell-shaped distribution, so a more appropriate description would be variable response rather than clopidogrel resistance. Independent of the term used, lower response to clopidogrel therapy seems to be associated with a higher probability of suffering thrombotic events. Due to the misleading definition of resistance and non-standardized method for assessing platelet inhibition, current guidelines do not recommend the use of platelet function assays to monitor the inhibitory effect of antiplatelet drugs. Current guidelines also do not recommend clopidogrel loading doses higher than 300 mg and daily maintenance doses higher than 75 mg, even though a regimen of 600 mg clopidogrel loading dose seems to be preferred for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions.