bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of eight new microsatellite loci in the invading maritime pine bast scale Matsucoccus feytaudi (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Margarodidae)
Authors: KERDELHUÉ C. , DECROOCQ S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe bast scale Matsucoccus feytaudi is a specific pest of maritime pine that is endemic in the Iberian Peninsula and southwestern France, and invasive in southeastern France, Italy and Corsica where it causes heavy damages. We developed eight microsatellite polymorphic markers using an enrichment protocol in order to study the invasion pathways and infer the genetic diversity of the populations. All loci could be successfully amplified with no evidence of null alleles. Cross‐species amplifications failed to amplify the congeneric Matsucoccus josephi.
Characterization of 59 canine single nucleotide polymorphisms in the Italian wolf (Canis lupus) population
Authors: ANDERSEN DITTE HOLM , FABBRI ELENA , SANTINI ALBERTO , PAGET SANDRINE , CADIEU EDOUARD , GALIBERT FRANCIS , ANDRÉ CATHERINE , RANDI ETTORE 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe characterized 59 canine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the endangered Italian wolf (Canis lupus) population, which were discovered by resequencing sequence‐tagged‐site (STS) DNA sequences that are known to contain SNPs in domestic dogs. Dog SNPs were usually found also in wolves. Additional SNPs unique in dogs or wolves were discovered, which is important for detecting hybrids between dogs and wolves. We developed new primer sets and analysed 15 SNPs by Pyrosequencing. The characterized SNPs will provide an important addition to the genetic markers that are currently available for studying wild populations of canids.
A set of new microsatellite loci isolated from Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis
Authors: CHANG YU MEI , LIANG LI QUN , LI SHAO WU , MA HAI TAO , HE JIAN GUO , SUN XIAO WEN 
Published: August 2006

Abstract Eriocheir sinensis has higher commercial value as food source than any other species of Eriocheir in China. To protect its germplasm resources and evaluate impact on local ecology, molecular tools to characterize the population structure and identify kinships from different water systems are highly needed. We have newly identified a set of 18 microsatellite markers with the observed number of alleles at each locus ranges from 8 to 30, the observed heterozygosity ranges from 0.140 to 0.900. These newly isolated markers increase the available molecular resources that can be used to analyse population structure of Chinese mitten crab.
Isolation and characterization of a set of microsatellite loci in the submerged macrophyte, Vallisneria spinulosa Yan (Hydrocharitaceae)
Authors: CHEN LEI , LES DONALD H. , XU LIMING , YAO XIAOHONG , KANG MING , HUANG HONGWEN 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTwenty‐six microsatellites were isolated and characterized from an AAG‐enriched genomic library of Vallisneria spinulosa, a dominant submerged macrophyte in the middle‐lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Microsatellite polymorphism was evaluated in a random population and 11 microsatellite loci were found polymorphic with 2–18 alleles per locus and observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.281 to 1.000. These polymorphic markers were expected to be valuable for population genetic and demographic analyses of V. spinulosa.
Un vandalisme d'État en Extrême-Orient? Les destructions de lieux de culte dans l'histoire de la Chine et du Japon
Authors: Kouamé Nathalie , Goossaert Vincent 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThroughout Chinese and Japanese history, state initiatives have led to the physical destruction of buildings of worship, for a large variety of reasons. The authors, historians of Japan and China respectively, attempt to analyse the whole breadth of such cases of destruction, asking how and why physical violence can be part of a religious policy. The notion of 'vandalism', created during the French Revolution to label the revolutionary state's destruction of church property and other symbols of the past, seems a stimulating way of thinking about this kind of violence that should not be taken for granted or as inevitable consequences of state control over religion. Far from incidental, the authors argue, destroying temples was often a purposeful, well thought out choice within a larger repertoire of ways to deal with religious institutions.The first part of the article sketches a typology of destruction according to context and motivation, ranging from an authoritarian reorganization of space (destruction might then be mitigated by reconstruction elsewhere) to targeted retaliation, to comprehensive repression. While not all types of 'vandalism' are attested in both China and Japan, cultural-political influences between the two areas, and some shared religious culture, make the comparison illuminating. The second part of the article deals with the symbolical-political meanings of the destructive praxis.
Improving Tool-Grinding Conditions by Variation in Process Kinematics
Authors: Movla-zade V , Mamedov A , Aliyev R , Tirfie S 
Published: August 2006

At present, dry tool grinding is one of the most discussed research topics in modern manufacturing technology. There are several developments for grinding wheels and methods for determining optimum grinding parameters which enable good surface properties to be obtained. Another potential to achieve better surface quality for dry grinding is the intentional change in process kinematics. This change makes it possible to carry out the task of cooling, namely lubrication of the contact area, and cooling and evacuation of the chips. This paper proposes innovative face-grinding kinematics in order to improve the surface properties for tool grinding. First, the principles of the new grinding kinematics are described and, second, a method for optimization of the process parameters is presented in order to assure the given surface requirements for the face grinding of inserts with high productivity.
Measurement of Vibrational Energy and Point Mobility of a Beam Subjected to Moment Excitation Using a Finite-Difference Approximation
Authors: Eck T , Walsh S J , Horner J L 
Published: August 2006

Moment excitation is often neglected in structural vibration analysis because of difficulties in measuring the applied moment and the resulting wave motion in the structure. Further, it is often assumed that moment-induced vibrational energy is significant only in the high frequency region. However, recent studies have shown that moment excitation should be included in vibrational analysis at all frequencies, when the source location is in close proximity to a structural discontinuity. In this article, a novel method is presented to measure the point mobility and resulting vibrational energy of a beam subjected to moment excitation. The proposed method utilizes a finite-difference approximation to calculate the rotational motion of the beam at the point of excitation. Moment excitation is induced by a specially designed impact rig which applies two equal and opposite forces on two moment arms that are perpendicularly attached to the beam. It is shown that, using the newly developed technique, the measured point mobility follows the trend of the equivalent theoretical structure. The technique also showed good agreement over a wide frequency range between the measured input energy and the measured transmitted flexural wave energy along the beam.
Deuterium Isotope Effects on Aromatic C-13 NMR Chemical Shifts. IV. Can the Isotope Shifts Be Correlated with Bond Lengths?
Authors: Nakashima Yasuki , Kanada Hiroyuki , Fukunaga Moritaka , Suzuki Keiko , Takahashi Kensuke 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The deuterium isotope effects on the 13C NMR chemical shifts of the ring carbons of aromatic heterocycles were investigated. One-bond shifts are correlated with the C–H bond lengths calculated by the MNDO MO method. Two-bond shifts are dependent on the nature of the observed sites. On the other hand, three-bond shifts are controlled by the hetero atoms existing in the pathway.
Conductometric Study of Ion Association between Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) Ion and Monovalent Anions at Temperatures from 0 to 50 °C
Authors: Yokoyama Haruhiko , Ohta Tomoko , Iida Masayasu 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The conductivities for aqueous solutions of the chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, and perchlorate of the tris(ethylendiamine)cobalt(III) complex, [Co(en3)]3+, were measured with varying temperatures from 0 to 50 °C. The ion-association constants (KA) of the complex ion with the anions had minimum values at temperatures (tmin) characteristic of the salts. The values of tmin increased in the order Cl− &lt; Br− &lt; I− &lt; NO3− &lt; ClO4−. The order in magnitude of KA at 25 °C was ClO4− &lt; NO3− &lt; I− &lt; Cl− &lt; Br−, but was somewhat dependent on the temperature. Both the KA and tmin values for the halides of [Co(en)3]3+ were larger than those of the hexaamminecobalt(III) complex, [Co(NH3)6]3+; the difference in KA was greatest for the iodide. The entropy and enthalpy changes in the ion association of [Co(en)3]3+ with the halide ions were smaller than those of [Co(NH3)6]3+. These results suggested that the hydration of [Co(en)3]3+ was relatively weak and its hydration water molecules in the vicinity of the methylene groups could be more easily substituted by the structure-breaker anions, compared with the water molecules around the amino groups. The KA and tmin values for the nitrate and perchlorate of [Co(en)3]3+ were smaller than those of [Co(NH3)6]3+, and both the entropy and enthalpy changes of ion association for the former salts were more positive. This was attributed to the decrease in the fraction of the contact ion pairs formed by the hydrogen bonding between the polar hydrogen atoms of the complexes and the oxygen atoms of the anions.
Solution Equilibrium and EPR Study of the Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes of Aminopolycarboxylic Acids with an Alcohol OH Group in the Alkyl Chain Linkage
Authors: Kawata Satoshi , Kosugi Hiroshi , Uda Hisashi , Iwaizumi Masamoto , Yokoi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Dinuclear copper(II) complexes of 2-hydroxy-1,3-diaminopropane-, 2-hydroxy-1,4-diaminobutane-, and 3-hydroxy-1,5-diaminopentane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acids (AC3O, AC4O, and AC5O) have been investigated by potentiometric titration, EPR and other spectroscopies. It has been confirmed that two or three different kinds of dinuclear complex species are formed in every ligand system, depending on the pH. In the complexes formed in the low-pH region, the two copper ions are coordinated independently by the two iminocarboxyl groups and have a weak magnetic dipolar interaction. In all of the three ligand systems the dinuclear complexes deprotonate the alcohol OH groups at low pH values (below 6) to form μ-alkoxo between the two copper ions. For AC3O and AC4O systems, the formation of μ-alkoxo and μ-hydroxo-double bridged complexes follows as the pH increases, while the AC5O system forms a double-bridged complex at a step from the non-bridged complex at pH 5.8. These mono-μ-alkoxo bridged and double-bridged complexes have fairly strong spin exchange interactions between the paramagnetic centers through the bridges. The length of the methylene linkage plays a role in determining the complex structures and magnetic interactions between the paramagnetic centers.
Photolyses of Polychloro- and Polybromobenzenes. Novel Isomerization in Solvents Resisting against Hydrogen Abstraction
Authors: Hirota Minoru , Nakada Masahiro 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Polychloro- and polybromobenzenes were photolyzed in acetonitrile and perfluorohexane. Photolyses of polychlorobenzenes in acetonitrile gave isomerized products in addition to dechlorinated products, which appeared exclusively in the photolyses in hexane and other solvents carrying hydrogen atoms active to hydrogen abstraction. The photolyses in perfluorohexane gave isomerized products to a lesser extent. The reaction in this solvent gave predominantly polyhalobiphenyls which are assumed to be produced through coupling.
Without exception the isomerized products have the structure which can be expected to be formed via 1,3-migration of chlorine atom, though it is not sure at present whether it takes place actually. The isomerization was shown to proceed intramolecularly. Some evidence and theoretical rationalization in favor of the 1,3-chlorine migration mechanism are given.
Phenylacetaldehyde and Carbon Monoxide as Effective Additives for the Selective Hydrogenation of Cyclooctadienes to Cyclooctene over Palladium Catalysts
Authors: Higashijima Michio , Man Hó Soc , Nishimura Shigeo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Three isomeric cyclooctadienes (1,5-, 1,4-, and 1,3-COD) were hydrogenated with phenylacetaldehyde (PAA)- or carbon monoxide (CO)-treated palladium black in tetrahydrofuran at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure of hydrogen. A complete depression of the hydrogenation of cyclooctene (COE) to cyclooctane (COA) was attained with both of the poisoned catalysts. By PAA the hydrogenation of 1,5-COD to COE was not hindered and the isomerization of 1,5-COD to 1,4-COD was greatly promoted, while the rate of hydrogenation of 1,4- and 1,3-COD decreased in the presence of PAA. By CO the hydrogenation and isomerization of 1,5-COD, as well as the hydrogenation of 1,4- and 1,3-COD, was suppressed. In the hydrogenation of 1,5-COD the PAA-treated palladium was more active and selective than was the CO-treated palladium for the formation of COE. The differences in the effects of these catalyst poisons are discussed on the basis of kinetic data concerning the individual and competitive hydrogenation of the three isomeric cyclooctadienes.
A Novel Synthesis Including Asymmetric Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated γ-Hydroxy Carbonyl Compounds from Enones with Carbon Homologation
Authors: Satoh Tsuyoshi , Motohashi Shigeyasu , Tokutake Norio , Yamakawa Koji 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Reaction of the carbanion derived from 1-chloroalkyl aryl sulfoxides with enones gave 1,2-adducts in good yields. Treatment of the adduct with potassium benzenethiolate afforded α-phenylthio β,γ-unsaturated carbonyl compound through an α,β-epoxy sulfoxide. Oxidation of the sulfide with 2.1 equivalents of m-chloroperbenzoic acid gave α,β-unsaturated γ-phenylsulfinyloxy carbonyl compound via sulfoxide-sulfenate rearrangement. The sulfinate was easily hydrolyzed with aqueous potassium hydroxide to afford α,β-unsaturated γ-hydroxy carbonyl compound in good yield. When optically active (−)-1-chloroalkyl p-tolyl sulfoxides were used in this procedure, a synthesis of optically active α,β-unsaturated γ-hydroxy carbonyl compounds with moderate to good optical purity was realized.
Abnormal Diels–Alder Reaction of Oxazoles with 4-Phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4H)-dione and Diethyl Azodicarboxylate, and X-Ray Crystal Structure of an Adduct
Authors: Ibata Toshikazu , Suga Hiroyuki , Isogami Yasushi , Tamura Hatsue , Shi Xiaolan 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The reaction of substituted oxazoles with 4-phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4H)-dione (PTAD) or diethyl azodicarboxylate gave the corresponding 1,2,4-triazoline derivatives through formal [3+2] cycloaddition accompanying ring opening of oxazoles. The molecular structure of an adduct of 5-methoxy-4-methyl-2-(p-tolyl)oxazole with PTAD was determined by means of X-ray crystallography.
19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study on the Kinetics of the Fluoride Exchange in Uranium(VI) Fluoro Complex
Authors: Harada Masayuki , Fujii Yasuhiko , Sakamaki Satoshi , Tomiyasu Hiroshi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Kinetics of the fluoride exchange in uranium(VI) (uranyl) fluoro complex was studied by using 19F NMR. The 19F NMR signal of coordinated fluoride at the equatorial positions of uranyl ion was first observed at about 80 ppm down field from that of bulk F−. From area measurements of the coordinated and free 19F NMR signals, penta-fluoro complex UO2F53− was confirmed to exist in aqueous solutions containing high concentration of fluoride ion. The stability constant K5 = [UO2F53−]/[UO2F42−][F−] was determined to be 1.31 mol−1 kg. The rate of F− exchange between coordinated and bulk F− was measured by the 19F NMR line-broadening method and the observed first-order rate constant kobsd was expressed as Kobsd = (k4 + k5K5[F−])[F−]/(1 + k5[F−]) where k4 and k5 are the exchange rate constants of F− between bulk and coordinated F− in UO2F42− and UO2F53−, respectively. The associative or associative interchange mechanism was proposed from the experimental results.
Syntheses of trans- and cis-3-Methoxy-4-methylthio-2-piperidinethiones. Previously Proposed Structures for Raphanusanins, Structural Revision, and Biological Activities of Their Congeners
Authors: Nishiyama Shigeru , Inagaki Tomio , Yamamura Shosuke , Hasegawa Koji , Mizutani Junya , Sakoda Masako 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Related to raphanusanins, light-induced growth inhibitors of radish seedlings, syntheses of trans- and cis-3-methoxy-4-methylthio-2-piperidinethiones provided the structural revision of the natural products. During syntheses of several piperidinethione derivatives, the dihydropyridinethione derivative was found to possess twentyfold stronger inhibitory activity than the natural products.
Formation of 2-Imino-1,3-oxathioles and 2(3H)-Oxazolethione by the Rhodium(II) Acetate-Catalyzed Reaction of α-Diazocarbonyl Compounds with Isothiocyanates
Authors: Ibata Toshikazu , Nakano Hirofumi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The rhodium(II) acetate-catalyzed reaction of various α-diazocarbonyl compounds with alkyl, phenyl, and benzoyl isothiocyanates gave 2-imino-1,3-oxathioles in good yields. 2(3H)-Oxazolethione was obtained as a by- product only in the reaction of diazodimedone with methyl isothiocyanate. The mechanism through thiocarbonyl ylide and azomethine ylide was proposed for these reactions, and preferable formation of thiocarbonyl ylide was explained by heat of formation and frontier molecular orbital calculations.
Solution Properties of Poly(4-vinylpyridine) in Aqueous Solutions of Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Yoshida Masafumi , Sakamoto Noriyuki , Ikemi Kimiyoshi , Arichi Shizuo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The conformation of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) in aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid was studied by light scattering and viscosity measurements at 25 °C. Comparing the experimental intramolecular particle scattering factor (P(θ)) and Debye’s theory, it was confirmed that in the Θ-state where the apparent second virial coefficient is zero, the conformation of P4VP is characterized as a Gaussian chain. The intrinsic viscosities of P4VP in aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid of various concentrations were analyzed according to the theoretical equation of Tanaka. The value of the characteristic ratio (C∞) increased with increasing H2SO4 concentration.
Thermal and Infrared Multiphoton Decompositions of γ-Butyrolactone in the Vapor Phase
Authors: Yamamoto Shunzo , Suzuki Minoru , Sueishi Yoshimi , Nishimura Norio , Ishikawa Yo-ichi , Arai Shigeyoshi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The thermal decomposition of γ-butyrolactone was studied in a static system at temperatures from 690 to 833 K and pressures from 70 to 4300 Pa. The major products were CO, CO2, ethylene, propylene, and cyclopropane. The first-order rate constant for the apparently homogeneous formation of CO is described in terms of Arrhenius parameters log A (s−1) = 16.44 ± 0.04 and Ea = 310.0 ± 4.2 kJ mol−1. Under the same conditions the ratio of CO2/CO increased with decreasing temperature, corresponding to an activation energy of about 294 kJ mol−1 for CO2 formation and a frequency factor of about 60-times lower than that for CO formation. The decomposition induced by a pulsed CO2 laser was also studied; the same decomposition products were observed and the dependences of their yields on the fluence were examined.
ESR Studies at High-Pressure. IV. Spin-Exchange Reactions of Various Types of Nitroxides in Some Low-Viscosity Solvents
Authors: Sueishi Yoshimi , Kuzukawa Masahiro , Yamamoto Shunzo , Nishimura Norio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The rate constants (kex) for the spin exchange of various types of nitroxides were determined from the concentration dependence of the ESR line-broadening. The exchange integral (J) and the steric factor (fs) for the spin exchange were estimated from the pressure dependence of kex. The estimated J-values are about 1011 s−1 and are almost independent of the radical species. For nitroxides having –OH or –NH2 in acetone and nitroxides having long-chain in acetone and toluene, the fs-values are about 0.3, while for other nitroxides in hexane and pentane, the fs-values are about 0.5. The results are discussed in terms of the solute–solvent interaction as well as the steric effect.
Theoretical Study of Structure and Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Hydrogen Fluoride
Authors: Honda Kazuhiko , Kitaura Kazuo , Nishimoto Kichisuke 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Monte Carlo (MC) simulations for liquid hydrogen fluoride (HF) were carried out using a new type of intermolecular potential function. The bonding energy distribution function was found to have three peaks corresponding to the distributions of molecules which have one, two, and three hydrogen bonds with neighbors. A partition function of liquid HF was derived referring to the results of MC simulations, where a simple Hamiltonian consisting of harmonic oscillators and hydrogen bond energies was employed. The thermodynamic properties calculated by the partition function reasonably reproduced the experimental data. Moreover, the effects of hydrogen bondings on various thermodynamic properties were revealed based on the partition function.
Optical Resolution of Phenylalanine and Mandelic Acid by Complex Formation with Copper(II) Ion
Authors: Yamamoto Yasushi , Kato Shinji , Yamashita Hiroshi , Maekawa Takashi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The optical resolutions of phenylalanine and mandelic acid were performed by complex formation with Cu2+. d- and l-mandelic acids were completely resolved by forming a complex with l-phenylalanine, while the maximum optical purity of d- and l-phenylalanine by using d-mandelic acid was about 65%. The mole ratio of Cu2+ to phenylalanine and/or mandelic acid in the complexes was 0.5. These results were interpreted in terms of the relative stability of the complexes, i.e., the optical absorption energies in the aqueous media.
Theoretical Investigation on the Reactions of Dichlorosilane with Ammonia
Authors: Koseki Shiro , Ishitani Akihiko 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
SiH2Cl2 decomposition into SiCl2 and H2, SiCl2 insertions into NH3 and SiH4, and 1,1-HCl elimination from SiHCl2NH2, which seem to occur in chemical vapor deposition processes of the silicon-nitride film growth, were theoretically investigated using second-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory based on ab initio restricted Hartree–Fock method. The calculated results suggest that the Cl atoms create an energy barrier larger in Si–Si bond formation and facilitate the growth of stoichiometrically better films.
Photochemical Nitration of Benzoic Acid Derivatives by Irradiation to Nitrate Ions
Authors: Usui Yoshiharu , Takebayashi Shigeharu , Takeuchi Manabu 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Photochemical nitration of p-hydroxybenzoate, HBA, initiated by UV irradiation to sodium nitrate of sodium nitrite was observed in aqueous solutions. 4-Hydroxy-3-nitrobenzoate was formed, with maximum quantum yields of 0.007 and 0.09 for NaNO3 and NaNO2, respectively. From the dependence of the yields on the pH and concentrations of oxygen and OH-scavengers, we propose a mechanism involving the addition of OH· to the aromatic ring of HBA and electron abstraction NO2 by the OH· adduct for the photonitration.