bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Mathematical Formulation of an Extended Taylor–Bishop–Hill Model Featuring Relaxed Constraints, the Renouard–WintenbergerTheory and a Strain Rate Sensitivity Model
Authors: Van Houtte P. 
Published: April 2008

The Taylor theory and the Bishop–Hill theory for the plastic deformation of
polycrystals are expressed in a mathematical way which makes extensive use of
vectors. These vectors represent either plastic strain rate tensors or deviatoric stress
tensors, both in a unified five‐dimensional stress‐strain space. Such formulation
permits a unified formulation of both theories, which can then easily be solved by
means of linear programming. The computer implementation of this formalism (in
Pascal) conserves this mathematical formalism to a high extent.Relaxed constraints (or “mixed boundary conditions”) can very easily be
incorporated in the method. The concept of a “relaxed constraint” is formulated in a
much more general way than has ever been done before.It is not only shown why there are often multiple solutions for the slip rates, but
also that such difficulties can arise for the stress state as well. A few methods for
making an appropriate choice among these equivalent solutions are explained, one
based on the Renouard–Wintenberger theory that proposes a secondary energy
criterion, and another that takes strain rate sensitivity effects into account.
Texture Transition, MicroShear Bands andHeterogeneous Plastic Strain inF.C.C. and B.C.C. Metals inRolling
Authors: Berveiller M. , Bouaouine H. , Fakri N. , Lipinski P. 
Published: April 2008

During the plastic deformation of a metallic polycrystal many kinds of heterogeneous
deformation are often observed, both on an intergranular scale and inside the grains.
The heterogeneities of the plastic intragranular strains are associated with the latent
hardening and with internal stresses.In order to deal with this problem, it is assumed that some regions of simple glide
exist inside the grains, separated by plane interfaces. These interfaces are assumed to
be habit planes, separating the domain of simple glide and a homogeneous
continuous medium, whose deformation is the one imposed on the polycrystal.The compatibility relations between the domain of simple glide and the imposed
deformation, enable for determination of the gliding amplitude, normal to the habit
plane, and the rotation of the crystal lattice inside this domain.In the case of rolling for F.C.C. and B.C.C. metals, we have analyzed the spin of
the crystal lattice in the form of a distribution function. We observe sources and
sinks which correspond to the stable orientations, shown by the orientation
distribution function. The comparison between these calculations and classical data
of rolling texture analysis indicates that a certain number of observed components
are due to deformation inhomogeneities, as suggested previously.The comparison of the orientation of the habit planes shows that there exists a
definite relation between habit planes and micro shear bands.
On the Mechanism of Secondary Recrystallization in Grain Oriented Silicon Iron
Authors: Abbruzzese G. , Ciancaglioni I. , Campopiano A. 
Published: April 2008

The final Goss texture in grain oriented silicon iron develops by a secondary
recrystallization process in presence of second phase particles.A sheet of Fe‐3%Si was annealed in a gradient furnace in order to establish the
exact temperature of the beginning of abnormal growth.Measurements of grain size distributions of the different orientations and in
particular of the {110} 〈001〉 grains (within a cone of ±10° width around the rolling
direction) were performed at different stages of grain growth. The so identified Goss
grains show a different growth kinetic in comparison with the matrix. The results are
analysed and discussed in the framework of the statistical model of grain growth
assuming a texture selection process operating.The agreement between experimental and theoretical results is quite good and
allows to state that the main mechanism for the secondary recrystallization in silicon
iron is a selective process of grain growth which is controlled by the presence of an
inhibitor (dispersion of second phase particles). As a consequence an initial larger
grain size for {110} 〈001〉 oriented grains is not a necessary condition to get the final
Goss texture.
Texture Analysis by theMeasurement of IndividualGrain Orientations—Electron Microscopical Methods and Application on Dual‐Phase Steel
Authors: Schwarzer R. A. , Weiland H. 
Published: April 2008

A short review is given on electron microscopical methods for the determination of
local textures. Electron microscopy offers the unique facility of diffraction from well
defined locations in the sample and high resolution imaging of the microstructure.
Standard techniques of orientation determination are the evaluation of electron
diffraction spot and—more recently—Kikuchi patterns, which are applicable to
electron transparent fine‐grain materials. Specimen areas smaller than 500 nm or
50 nm in diameter, respectively, can be selected. Bulk samples with crystallite sizes
greater than approximately 1 μm or 5 μm, respectively, can be studied with the SEM
using electron backscattering or channelling patterns. For routine work a program
has been developed to do on‐line determination of orientation of cubic, orthorhombic
or hexagonal crystals from Kikuchi, channelling and backscattering patterns.Applications of this technique on dual‐phase steel are given. The orientation
distribution functions (ODF) of the ferrite and martensite phases from individual
grain measurements are compared with X‐ray and neutron pole‐figure measurements.
Misorientation distribution functions (MODF) are discussed for contiguous
ferrite‐martensite and martensite‐martensite grains.
Texture Dependent Young′s Modulus in Austenitic Cladding
Authors: Hofer G. 
Published: April 2008

In Austenitic claddings of pressure vessel steel columnar grains with a 〈100〉‐fiber
axis oriented perpendicular to the surface have been previously observed. The fiber
axis is parallel to the steepest temperature gradient. Since high temperature
gradients also exist in the plane of cladding, preferred orientation should be found
there.This was proved with {111}‐ and {220}‐pole figures taken of the cladding in
addition to {200}‐pole figures. From these pole figures it could be concluded that the
cladding has a {100} 〈110〉‐texture. The sharpness of the texture decreases from the
surface of the cladding toward the base material.Low values of Young′s modulus measured in the cladding could be explained by
comparing the texture with single crystal data of Young′s modulus of Ni.
SST Forcings and Sahel Rainfall Variability in Simulations of the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
Authors: Biasutti M. , Held I. M. , Sobel A. H. , Giannini A. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The outlook for Sahel precipitation in coupled simulations of the twenty-first century is very uncertain, with different models disagreeing even on the sign of the trends. Such disagreement is especially surprising in light of the robust response of the same coupled models to the twentieth-century forcings.
This study presents a statistical analysis of the preindustrial, twentieth-century and twenty-first-century A1B scenario simulations in the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 3 (CMIP3) dataset; it shows that the relationship that links Sahel rainfall anomalies to tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies at interannual time scales in observations is reproduced by most models, independently of the change in the basic state as the world warms.
The same SST–Sahel relationship can be used to predict the simulated twentieth-century changes in Sahel rainfall from each model’s simulation of changes in Indo-Pacific SST and Atlantic SST meridional gradient, although the prediction overestimates the simulated trends. Conversely, such a relationship does not explain the rainfall trend in the twenty-first century in a majority of models. These results are consistent with there being, in most models, a substantial direct positive effect of atmospheric greenhouse gases on Sahel rainfall, not mediated through SST.
Distinguishing Aerosols from Clouds in Global, Multispectral Satellite Data with Automated Cloud Classification Algorithms
Authors: Hutchison Keith D. , Iisager Barbara D. , Kopp Thomas J. , Jackson John M. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
A new approach is presented to distinguish between clouds and heavy aerosols with automated cloud classification algorithms developed for the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) program. These new procedures exploit differences in both spectral and textural signatures between clouds and aerosols to isolate pixels originally classified as cloudy by the Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) cloud mask algorithm that in reality contains heavy aerosols. The procedures have been tested and found to accurately distinguish clouds from dust, smoke, volcanic ash, and industrial pollution over both land and ocean backgrounds in global datasets collected by NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. This new methodology relies strongly upon data collected in the 0.412-μm bandpass, where smoke has a maximum reflectance in the VIIRS bands while dust simultaneously has a minimum reflectance. The procedures benefit from the VIIRS design, which is dual gain in this band, to avoid saturation in cloudy conditions. These new procedures also exploit other information available from the VIIRS cloud mask algorithm in addition to cloud confidence, including the phase of each cloudy pixel, which is critical to identify water clouds and restrict the use of spectral tests that would misclassify ice clouds as heavy aerosols. Comparisons between results from these new procedures, automated cloud analyses from VIIRS heritage algorithms, manually generated analyses, and MODIS imagery show the effectiveness of the new procedures and suggest that it is feasible to identify and distinguish between clouds and heavy aerosols in a single cloud mask algorithm.
Performance of Commercial Radiometers in Very Low Temperature and Pressure Environments Typical of Polar Regions and of the Stratosphere: A Laboratory Study
Authors: Su Wenying , Dutton Ellsworth , Charlock Thomas P. , Wiscombe Warren 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Characterizing the performance of ground-based commercial radiometers in cold and/or low-pressure environments is critical for developing accurate flux measurements in the polar regions and in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. Commercially available broadband radiometers have a stated operational temperature range of, typically, −20° to +50°C. Within this range, their temperature dependencies of sensitivities change less than 1%. But for deployments on high-altitude platforms or in polar regions, which can be much colder than −20°C, information on temperature dependency of sensitivity is not always available. In this paper, the temperature dependencies of sensitivities of popular pyranometers and pyrgeometers manufactured by Kipp and Zonen were tested in a thermal-vacuum chamber. When their body temperature is lowered to −60°C, pyranometer sensitivity drops by 4%–6% from the factory-default specification. Pyrgeometer sensitivity increases by 13% from the factory-default specification during a similar temperature change. When the chamber pressure is lowered from 830 to 6 hPa, the sensitivity decreases by about 2% for the pyranometer, and increases by about 2% for the pyrgeometer. Note that these temperature and pressure dependencies of sensitivities are specific for the instruments that were tested and should not be applied to others. These findings show that for measurements suitable for climate studies, it is crucial to characterize temperature and/or pressure effects on radiometer sensitivity for deployments on high-altitude platforms and in polar regions.
Warming Break Trends and Fractional Integration in the Northern, Southern, and Global Temperature Anomaly Series
Authors: Gil-Alana Luis A. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
This paper deals with the estimation of time trends in temperature anomaly series. However, instead of imposing that the estimated residuals from the time trends are covariance stationary processes with spectral density that is positive and finite at the zero frequency [I(0)], the author allows them to be fractionally integrated. In this context, a new procedure for testing fractional integration with segmented trends is applied to the northern, southern, and global temperature anomaly series. The results show that the three series are fractionally integrated, and the warming effects are substantially higher after the break in all cases.
On the Aliasing and Resolving Power of Sea Level Low-Pass Filtered onto a Regular Grid from Along-Track Altimeter Data of Uncoordinated Satellites: The Smoothing Strategy
Authors: Tai Chang-Kou 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
It is shown that smoothing (low-pass filtering) along-track altimeter data of uncoordinated satellites onto a regular space–time grid helps reduce the overall energy level of the aliasing from the aliasing levels of the individual satellites. The rough rule of thumb is that combining N satellites reduces the energy of the overall aliasing to 1/N of the average aliasing level of the N satellites. Assuming the aliasing levels of these satellites are roughly of the same order of magnitude (i.e., assuming that no special signal spectral content significantly favors one satellite over others at certain locations), combining data from uncoordinated satellites is clearly the right strategy. Moreover, contrary to the case of coordinated satellites, this reduction of aliasing is not achieved by the enhancement of the overall resolving power. In fact (by the strict definition of the resolving power as the largest bandwidths within which a band-limited signal remains free of aliasing), the resolving power is reduced to its smallest possible extent. If one characterizes the resolving power of each satellite as a spectral space within which all band-limited signals are resolved by the satellite, then the combined resolving power of the N satellite is characterized by the spectral space that is the intersection of all N spectral spaces (i.e., the spectral space that is common to all the resolved spectral spaces of the N satellites, hence the smallest). It is also shown that the least squares approach is superior to the smoothing approach in reducing the aliasing and upholding the resolving power of the raw data. To remedy one of the shortcomings of the smoothing approach, the author recommends a multismoother smoothing strategy that tailors the smoother to the sampling characteristics of each satellite. Last, a strategy based on the least squares approach is also described for combining data from uncoordinated satellites.
Optimization of an Observing System Design for the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Baehr Johanna , McInerney David , Keller Klaus , Marotzke Jochem 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Three methods are analyzed for the design of ocean observing systems to monitor the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the North Atlantic. Specifically, a continuous monitoring array to monitor the MOC at 1000 m at different latitudes is “deployed” into a numerical model. The authors compare array design methods guided by (i) physical intuition (heuristic array design), (ii) sequential optimization, and (iii) global optimization. The global optimization technique can recover the true global solution for the analyzed array design, while gradient-based optimization would be prone to misconverge. Both global optimization and heuristic array design yield considerably improved results over sequential array design. Global optimization always outperforms the heuristic array design in terms of minimizing the root-mean-square error. However, whether the results are physically meaningful is not guaranteed; the apparent success might merely represent a solution in which misfits compensate for each other accidentally. Testing the solution gained from global optimization in an independent dataset can provide crucial information about the solution’s robustness.
Ministerial Formation and Theological Education in Ghana: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Atta-Baffoe Victor 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe inconsistency between theological education and parish life is a sign of the breakdown of a theological paradigm for doing and communicating theology in Africa today. The role of Scripture within the framework of an Anglican tradition is now a matter of examination. There are biblical foundations for ministerial formation but they need to relate to the current situation of ministry. The only theological seminary in Ghana is St Nicholas, where the staff are indigenous but the programme offered is Western and imported. The result is that ministerial formation has failed to meet the needs of the people of Ghana. The way forward demands a thorough revision of the present course content and a focus on the needs of the particular time and place that is modern Ghana.
Theological Education and Anglican Identity in South Africa
Authors: Trisk Janet , Pato Luke 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTheological education should take full account of the context in which it operates and authors share a commitment to a broadly defined liberation theology which takes the experience of the poor as its starting point. Focus is on the College of the Transfiguration in Grahamstown, a city with an unemployment rate of over 50 percent. The College supports not only theological education but also integrates ministerial and spiritual formation. The political context of South Africa has influenced the shape of theology even though students come from many other places. The contextualization thrust of the theology is shaped by a commitment to Outcomes Based Education. Anglican studies curriculum is shaped by this method and aims for a capacity to describe such things as Anglican identity, polity and beliefs. This is carried out in the absence of any sustained robust discourse on Anglican identity in the Anglican Communion.
A Spirituality of Reconciliation: Encouragement for Anglicans from a Roman Catholic Perspective
Authors: Sheldrake Philip 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe essay is a manifesto for keeping faith with the Christian vocation of reconciliation in the face of painful conflicts within the Anglican Communion. Its fundamental conviction is that, theologically speaking, reconciliation lies at the heart of Christian identity. The first part of the article concentrates on the key questions of the meaning and process of reconciliation, defined as ‘making space for what is other’, historically, psychologically and spiritually. The second part of the article focuses on the specifically Christian characteristics of reconciliation in terms of two theological themes, the catholicity of God (and its corollary the catholicity of the Church) and hospitality and in terms of spirituality related to insights from the Rule of St Benedict, Anglican sources and the practice of the Eucharist. The article concludes with brief reflections on the importance of applying wisdom from the Christian tradition of discernment to the current situation in the Communion.
Schlachtfeld Bundesrepublik? Europa, die deutsche Luftwaffe und der Strategiewechsel der NATO 1958 bis 1968
Authors: Krüger Dieter 
Published: April 2008

Vorspann
Hätte das Verteidigungskonzept der NATO funktioniert? Was wäre aus der Bundesrepublik im Falle eines Atomkriegs geworden? Wie souverän war dieser Staat eigentlich? Während des Kalten Krieges ist viel über diese Fragen spekuliert worden; sichere Antworten waren aber kaum möglich. Das hat sich mittlerweile geändert. Auf der Grundlage der nun zugänglichen Quellen zeichnet Dieter Krüger ein Bild über die westdeutsche Sicherheitspolitik, das neu ist und auch bestürzend.
Der Bürger als Schreibtischtäter. Der Fall Kurt Blanke
Authors: Jungius Martin , Seibel Wolfgang 
Published: April 2008

Vorspann
Rechtsanwalt, Koordinator der Judenverfolgung in Frankreich und Oberbürgermeister in Celle nach 1945 – das sind die Kapriolen einer Karriere, die so oder so ähnlich tausendfach zu konstatieren ist. Die Geschichtswissenschaft steht hier vor vielen Fragen: worin besteht das innere Kontinuum? Und was bewog einen unbescholtenen hervorragenden Juristen ohne Bindung an die NS-Vernichtungsideologie, aktiv an der Judenverfolgung mitzuwirken? Martin Jungius und Wolfgang Seibel rollen einen solchen Fall auf und entdecken dabei einen neuen Typus: den Bürger als Schreibtischtäter.
A rádiófrekvenciás ablatio helye a malignus daganatok kezelésében. Lehetőségek és korlátokr
Authors: Bánsághi Zoltán 
Published: April 2008

Absztrakt
Az alábbi összefoglaló közlemény keretén belül – elsősorban a primer és áttéti májdaganatokra vonatkozóan – szeretném pillanatnyi állásának megfelelően áttekinteni a rádiófrekvenciás daganatroncsolás helyét a komplex onkoterápiában. Ez a hely az elmúlt 15 évben – számos vitával övezve – folyamatosan változott, és bizonyos, hogy a módszer helykeresése, integrálódása még nem ért a végére. Az alábbiakban rögzített pillanatfelvétel – annak minden vállalt esetlegességével – reményeim szerint arra szolgálhat, hogy az ennek tükrében kibontakozó szélesebb, társszakmákat is bevonó megbeszélések segítsenek a májdaganatok hazai ellátásának további fejlődésében.
A pancreas solid pseudopapillaris tumorar
Authors: Hajdú Nóra , Belágyi Tibor , Gyűrűs Péter , Oláh Attila 
Published: April 2008

Absztrakt
A pancreas solid pseudopapillaris neoplasia (SPN) egy ritka, alacsony malignitasú daganat, amely általában fiatal nőkben alakul ki. Alacsony incidenciájának köszönhetően sem a diagnosztika, sem a kezelés terén nem születtek még egyértelmű szakmai ajánlások. Vizsgálatunk célja egy hazai sebészeti centrumban SPN miatt kezelt betegek klinikai adatainak elemzése és tapasztalataink összehasonlítása a nemzetközi eredményekkel. A győri Petz Aladár Megyei Oktató Kórház Sebészeti Centrumában 2004 és 2007 között SPN miatt pancreasresectión átesett 4 beteg adatait elemeztük retrospektív módon a klinikai adatok alapján. SPN miatt kezelt betegeink mindegyike nő volt, életkoruk 17–49 év. A preoperatív vizsgálatok, főleg a CT-kép alapján felállított SPN diagnózisát posztoperatív patológiai vizsgálatokkal igazoltuk. A mai napig folytatott utánkövetés szerint minden betegünk – a szükséges radikalitást biztosító, de lehetőség szerint szervmegtartó műtétet követően – tumormentes, és életminőségük is megfelelő. Saját tapasztalataink alapján a CT-vizsgálat alapján nagy valószínűséggel felállítható az SPN preoperatív diagnózisa. Az R0-resectiót biztosító, de csak korlátozott radikalitású műtét megfelelő kezelési stratégia az SPN megoldására.