bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BC10, a DUF266‐containing and Golgi‐located type II membrane protein, is required for cell‐wall biosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Zhou Yihua , Li Shengben , Qian Qian , Zeng Dali , Zhang Mu , Guo Longbiao , Liu Xiangling , Zhang Baocai , Deng Lingwei , Liu Xinfang , Luo Guanzheng , Wang Xiujie , Li Jiayang 
Published: October 2008

SummaryGlycosyltransferases (GTs) are one of the largest enzyme groups required for the synthesis of complex wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins in plants. However, due to the limited number of related mutants that have observable phenotypes, the biological function(s) of most GTs in cell‐wall biosynthesis and assembly have remained elusive. We report here the isolation and in‐depth characterization of a brittle rice mutant, brittle culm 10 (bc10). bc10 plants show pleiotropic phenotypes, including brittleness of the plant body and retarded growth. The BC10 gene was cloned through a map‐based approach, and encodes a Golgi‐located type II membrane protein that contains a domain designated as ‘domain of unknown function 266’ (DUF266) and represents a multiple gene family in rice. BC10 has low sequence similarity with the domain to a core 2 β‐1,6‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C2GnT), and its in vitro enzymatic activity suggests that it functions as a glycosyltransferase. Monosaccharide analysis of total and fractioned wall residues revealed that bc10 showed impaired cellulose biosynthesis. Immunolocalization and isolation of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in the wild‐type and bc10 showed that the level of AGPs in the mutant is significantly affected. BC10 is mainly expressed in the developing sclerenchyma and vascular bundle cells, and its deficiency causes a reduction in the levels of cellulose and AGPs, leading to inferior mechanical properties.
Unique glycine‐activated riboswitch linked to glycine–serine auxotrophy in SAR11
Authors: Tripp H. James , Schwalbach Michael S. , Meyer Michelle M. , Kitner Joshua B. , Breaker Ronald R. , Giovannoni Stephen J. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryThe genome sequence of the marine bacterium ‘Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique’ and subsequent analyses have shown that while it has a genome as small as many obligate parasites, it nonetheless possesses a metabolic repertoire that allows it to grow as one of the most successful free‐living cells in the ocean. An early report based on metabolic reconstruction indicated that SAR11 cells are prototrophs for all amino acids. However, here we report experimental evidence that ‘Cand. P. ubique’ is effectively auxotrophic for glycine and serine. With glucose and acetate added to seawater to supply organic carbon, the addition of 125 nM to 1.5 μM glycine to growth medium containing all other nutrients in excess resulted in a linear increase in maximum cell density from 1.14 × 106 cells ml−1 to 8.16 × 106 cells ml−1 (R2 =  0.992). Serine was capable of substituting for glycine at 1.5 μM. ‘Cand. P. ubique’ contains a glycine‐activated riboswitch preceding malate synthase, an unusual genomic context that is conserved in the SAR11 group. Malate synthase plays a critical role in central metabolism by enabling TCA intermediates to be regenerated through the glyoxylate cycle. In vitro analysis of this riboswitch indicated that it responds solely to glycine but not close structural analogues, such as glycine betaine, malate, glyoxylate, glycolate, alanine, serine or threonine. We conclude that ‘Cand. P. ubique’ is therefore a glycine–serine auxotroph that appears to use intracellular glycine level to regulate its use of carbon for biosynthesis and energy. Comparative genomics and metagenomics indicate that these conclusions may hold throughout much of the SAR11 clade.
Testing for endemism, genotypic diversity and species concepts in Antarctic terrestrial microalgae of the Tribonemataceae (Stramenopiles, Xanthophyceae)
Authors: Rybalka Nataliya , Andersen Robert A. , Kostikov Igor , Mohr Kathrin I. , Massalski Andrzej , Olech Maria , Friedl Thomas 
Published: October 2008

SummaryThe genetic diversity of all available culture strains of the Tribonemataceae (Stramenopiles, Xanthophyceae) from Antarctica was assessed using the chloroplast‐encoded psbA /rbcL spacer region sequences, a highly variable molecular marker, to test for endemism when compared with their closest temperate relatives. There was no species endemic for Antarctica, and no phylogenetic clade corresponded to a limited geographical region. However, species of the Tribonemataceae may have Antarctic populations that are distinct from those of other regions because the Antarctic strain spacer sequences were not identical to sequences from temperate regions. Spacer sequences from five new Antarctic isolates were identical to one or more previously available Antarctic strains, indicating that the Tribonemataceae diversity in Antarctic may be rather limited. Direct comparisons of the spacer sequences and phylogenetic analyses of the more conserved rbcL gene revealed that current morphospecies were inadequate to describe the actual biodiversity of the group. For example, the genus Xanthonema, as currently circumscribed, was paraphyletic. Fortunately, the presence of distinctive sequence regions within the psbA/rbcL spacer, together with differences in the rbcL phylogeny, provided significant autoapomorphic criteria to re‐define the Tribonemataceae species.
Understanding learner acceptance of learning objects: The roles of learning object characteristics and individual differences
Authors: Lau Siong‐Hoe , Woods Peter C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMany organisations and institutions have integrated learning objects into their e‐learning systems to make the instructional resources more efficient. Like any other information systems, this trend has made user acceptance of learning objects an increasingly critical issue as a high level of learner satisfaction and acceptance reflects that the users are more willing to continue to use the technology. In this study, an extended version of technology acceptance model (TAM) with two external variables (learning object characteristics and individual differences) was developed to investigate the underlying factors and causal relationships in predicting learners' acceptance of learning objects. This study called for the respondents to progress through two phases of learning object participation: introduction and direct‐use experience to investigate the students' perceptions in terms of usefulness and ease of use while utilising learning objects. The findings show that both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are determinants of behavioural intention to use learning objects. Learning object characteristics influence both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of learning objects; individual differences appear to have no influence upon intention to use learning objects.
Rubrics for designing and evaluating online asynchronous discussions
Authors: Penny Lana , Murphy Elizabeth 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe purpose of the study reported on in this paper was to identify performance criteria and ratings in rubrics designed for the evaluation of learning in online asynchronous discussions (OADs) in post‐secondary contexts. We analysed rubrics collected from Internet sources. Using purposive sampling, we reached saturation with the selection of 50 rubrics. Using keyword analysis and subsequent grouping of keywords into categories, we identified 153 performance criteria in 19 categories and 831 ratings in 40 categories. We subsequently identified four core categories as follows: cognitive (44.0%), mechanical (19.0%), procedural/managerial (18.29%) and interactive (17.17%). Another 1.52% of ratings and performance criteria were labelled vague and not assigned to any core category.
Facilitating Asian students' critical thinking in online discussions
Authors: Chiu Yi‐Ching Jean 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe purpose of the study reported here is to illustrate how an approach based on a culturally appropriate ‘shepherd metaphor’ has helped Asian students to cross cultural boundaries and to engage in critical thinking online. Asian students are under different levels of influence from the Confucian Heritage Culture, which cultivates students to revere authority, maintain harmony and avoid conflicts in public. This has a significant impact on Asian students' cultural readiness to verbalise critical thinking. This paper partially reports research undertaken in a large English as a Foreign Language reading class in Taiwan, in which ‘shepherd leadership’ was practised. Shepherd leadership involves knowing students individually, offering cognitive modelling, exercising leadership and discipleship, encouraging student leadership and calling on silent students personally to get them to participate. This approach, concentrating on Asian students' affective needs, cognitive modelling, passing leadership to students and reaching out to silent ones, was found effective.
JNK2 and JNK3 combined are essential for apoptosis in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra, but are not required for axon degeneration
Authors: Ries Vincent , Silva Robert M. , Oo Tinmarla F. , Cheng Hsiao‐Chun , Rzhetskaya Margarita , Kholodilov Nikolai , Flavell Richard A. , Kuan Chia‐Yi , Rakic Pasko , Burke Robert E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractActivation of c‐junN‐terminal kinase (JNK) by the mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascade has been shown to play an important role in the death of dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra, one of the principal neuronal populations affected in Parkinson’s disease. However, it has remained unknown whether the JNK2 and JNK3 isoforms, either singly or in combination, are essential for apoptotic death, and, if so, the mechanisms involved. In addition, it has been unclear whether they play a role in axonal degeneration of these neurons in disease models. To address these issues we have examined the effect of single and doublejnk2andjnk3null mutations on apoptosis in a highly destructive neurotoxin model, that induced by intrastriatal 6‐hydroxydopamine. We find that homozygousjnk2/3double null mutations result in a complete abrogation of apoptosis and a prolonged survival of the entire population of dopamine neurons. In spite of this complete protection at the cell soma level, there was no protection of axons. These studies provide a striking demonstration of the distinctiveness of the mechanisms that mediate cell soma and axon degeneration, and they illustrate the need to identify and target pathways of axon degeneration in the development of neuroprotective therapeutics.
Responsiveness of Migraine‐ACT and MIDAS Questionnaires for Assessing Migraine Therapy
Authors: García María Luisa , Baos Vicente , Láinez Miguel , Pascual Julio , López‐Gil Arturo 
Published: October 2008

Background.— Migraine is frequently undertreated. The 4‐item Migraine Assessment of Current Therapy (Migraine‐ACT) questionnaire is a simple and reliable tool to identify patients requiring a change in current acute migraine treatment.Objective.— To investigate the responsiveness of the Migraine‐ACT tool, and compare it with that of the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire, for patients with migraine at 1100 primary care sites in Spain.Methods.— Patients eligible for this open‐label, 2‐visit prospective study reported migraine for >1 year and ≥1 migraine attack per month and were new to the clinic or on follow‐up care for <6 months. Validated Spanish versions of the Migraine‐ACT and MIDAS questionnaires were administered, and patient satisfaction with treatment was recorded, at baseline and at 3 months.Results.— A total of 3272 patients, 78% female, were enrolled, and 2877 (88%) returned for the 3‐month visit. Investigators changed baseline migraine treatment for 72% of returning patients; 85% and 80% of these patients had improved Migraine‐ACT and MIDAS scores at 3 months, respectively. Patients who reported being completely or very satisfied with migraine treatment numbered 492 (15%) at baseline and 1406 (49%) at 3 months. Migraine‐ACT and MIDAS score agreement for improvement at 3 months was poor (κ = 0.339). Both the mean MIDAS score and the distribution of Migraine‐ACT scores improved over the course of 3 months; however, Migraine‐ACT scores were significantly (P < .001) more sensitive (83% vs 75%) and specific (72% vs 58%) than MIDAS scores. The area under the curve in the receiver‐operating characteristic analysis was significantly (P < .0001) greater for Migraine‐ACT (0.82) as compared with the MIDAS (0.70) questionnaire.Conclusions.— These results suggest that the Migraine‐ACT questionnaire can be used more reliably than the MIDAS questionnaire for detecting improvements in treatment of new and follow‐up patients with migraine.
Trendelenburg Position: A Tool to Screen for the Presence of a Low CSF Pressure Syndrome in Daily Headache Patients
Authors: Rozen Todd , Swidan Sahar , Hamel Robert , Saper Joel 
Published: October 2008

Objective.— To test the hypothesis that the Trendelenburg position is an accurate screening investigation for the presence of a low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure syndrome in patients with daily headache.Background.— The Trendelenburg position causes a rapid increase in intracranial CSF pressure. In a patient with a known CSF leak who overtime had less improvement in the supine position, being placed in Trendelenburg rapidly alleviated her daily headache. This suggested that the Trendelenburg position might be a good screening tool for low CSF pressure syndromes.Methods.— Case reports. All patients were placed in the Trendelenburg position (10°‐20° head‐down tilt) for 5 minutes. A patient was considered to have a positive Trendelenburg test if they experienced complete pain freedom or substantial improvement in baseline head pain in the Trendelenburg position.Results.— Case patients are presented for 3 clinical scenarios: Scenario 1: Daily headache with or without a positional component with a positive response to the Trendelenburg position and subsequent evidence of an underlying low CSF pressure syndrome. Scenario 2: Daily headache with a strong positional component but no improvement in the Trendelenburg position and a negative evaluation for a low CSF pressure syndrome. Scenario 3: Trendelenburg position proves the existence of a post‐lumbar puncture headache in patients with near‐daily headaches.Conclusion.— The Trendelenburg position appears potentially useful as a clinical tool to screen for the presence of a low CSF pressure syndrome in patients with daily headache.
Lay Trainers With Migraine for a Home‐Based Behavioral Training: A 6‐Month Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Mérelle Saskia Y.M. , Sorbi Marjolijn J. , Van Doornen Lorenz J.P. , Passchier Jan 
Published: October 2008

Objective.— To evaluate the changes at 6‐month follow‐up after a home‐based behavioral training (BT) provided by lay trainers with migraine to small groups of fellow patients.Background.— The need for self‐management programs and cost‐effective treatments gave rise to this study.Methods.— In a previous randomized controlled trial, we compared the BT group with a waitlist‐control group, receiving usual care. The control group was trained directly after their waitlist period. The present study examined the follow‐up results in both groups and measurements were held pre BT, post BT, and at 6‐month follow‐up.Results.— Six months after BT, 42% was categorized as responders (≥−50% decrease in attack frequency), 42% did not change (−49 to 49%), and 16% responded adversely (≥50% increase). In the group as a whole (n = 95), attack frequency significantly decreased from 3.0 attacks at baseline to 2.5 post BT and to 2.3 at 6‐month follow‐up (−23%, medium effect size 0.6). The strong improvements of perceived control over and self‐confidence in attack prevention were maintained at follow‐up. Disability and health status were unchanged but quality of life significantly improved over time (P = .007). BT was more beneficial for patients who entered the training with a high attack frequency. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that a stronger belief at baseline that the occurrence of migraine is due to chance (external control) significantly predicted a lower attack frequency at follow‐up.Conclusion.— Lay trainers with migraine can train small groups of fellow patients at home in behavioral attack prevention. At 6‐month follow‐up, attack frequency and quality of life were significantly but modestly improved and feelings of control and self‐confidence remained strongly improved.
A fresh look at dry weight
Authors: RAIMANN Jochen , LIU Li , TYAGI Sudhi , LEVIN Nathan W. , KOTANKO Peter 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe concept of dry weight (DW) is central to dialysis therapy. The most commonly used definition of DW is the weight below which patients become hypotensive on dialysis. However, this definition is dependent on patient symptoms. A more rigorous definition of DW is the body weight at a physiological extracellular volume (ECV) state. Overhydration is an excess in ECV above that found in healthy subjects. In healthy subjects, within extremes of salt intake, ECV may vary between 280 and 340 mL/kg lean body mass. Sodium accumulation is one of the many consequences of renal failure; it results in increased water intake and an increase in ECV, and an accompanying rise in blood pressure with its clinical sequelae, most prominently cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Recently characterized endogenous digitalis‐like factors which are released in response to ECV expansion have extended this traditional picture. Efforts to reduce a positive sodium balance include dietary counseling and avoidance of iatrogenic intradialytic sodium loading, such as dialysate sodium exceeding serum levels, sodium profiling, and intravenous saline. Excess ECV is predominantly located in the interstitial compartment and must be removed during dialysis therapy by ultrafiltration. During this process, interstitial fluid redistributes to the intravascular space via uptake in the capillary bed. In addition to that mechanism, we propose that increased lymphatic flow into the venous system contributes to plasma refilling. Both clinical and technical means are used to assess the presence of DW. Continuous segmental calf bioimpedance is a promising new technology for intradialytic DW diagnosis.
Case Report: Atheroembolic renal disease in a 72‐year‐old patient through coronary intervention after myocardial infarction
Authors: HERZOG Anna Laura , WANNER Christoph 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCholesterol embolization or atheroembolic renal disease (AERD) is an often underdiagnosed issue in patients featuring a prevalent risk profile. It is a multisystemic disease with progressive renal insufficiency due to foreign body reaction of cholesterol crystals flushed into a small vessel system of the kidneys from the arteriosclerotic plaques. The most common setting in which it occurs is iatrogenic after vascular catheterization and less frequent spontaneously. Typical clinical symptoms are delayed impairment of renal function, cutaneous manifestations such as livedo reticularis or purple toes with persistingly palpable arterial pulse, myalgia, systemic symptoms such as weight loss and fever, and abdominal and neurological symptoms. Diagnosis is generally made by clinical appearance, risk profile, and interval of time from intervention; a definitive diagnosis can only be made by renal biopsy. Even though the exact incidence is not known because most patients do not undergo biopsy due to older age, comorbidity, and other explanations for loss of renal function, it is estimated to be 4% after vascular intervention. Patient and renal outcome is dependent on comorbidity, risk profile, and preexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD). About 30% of patients are estimated to require maintenance dialysis and these patients have a high risk of death within 24 months after the first renal replacement therapy. Prognosis is also influenced by severity. The case reported is a 72‐year‐old male patient with preexisting CKD stage 3 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention after myocardial infarction and consecutive AERD with typical clinical appearance 6 weeks after the event.
Hemodialysis cost in Tehran, Iran
Authors: MAHDAVI‐MAZDEH Mitra , ZAMANI Mozafar , ZAMYADI Mahnaz , RAJOLANI Hamid , TAJBAKHSH Keyvan , HEIDARY ROUCHI Alireza , AGHIGHI Mahammad , MAHDAVI Azita 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the health service cost of hemodialysis (HD) delivered at hospitals in Iran as a developing country with a well‐defined program of renal replacement therapy. A cost analysis was performed from the viewpoint of the 2 hospitals, with 3 shifts and full chairs, on current practice for dialysis maintenance. Cost and patient data were collected in 2006 and from April 1 to May 31, 2007, respectively. A total of 22,464 HD sessions were performed and 247 patients were studied during the study period. The reference year for the value of USD for different mentioned costs was 2006. Health care sector costs associated with each HD session were estimated at US$78.87. Most of the total maintenance expenditure was made up of medical supplies (36.19%), with dialyzers as the major cost driver. Staff salaries represented 17% of the cost and fixed direct capital costs accounted for 21.4%. Of the family members, 32.4% accompanied their patients. The mean cost for transportation of patients and accompanied person was US$3.15 ± 2.83 and US$1.5 ± 0.29, respectively. These findings are important in the light of limited available resources coupled with the increasing prevalence of kidney failure. A major attempt should also be made to increase peritoneal dialysis coverage as in some centers we cannot keep all chairs full, especially in some vast areas. It is highly recommended to place initial focus on strategies and treatments that slow disease progression, to postpone renal replacement therapy to save resources.
Old English Literature and Feminist Theory: A State of the Field
Authors: Dockray‐Miller Mary 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFeminist and gender scholars working in Anglo‐Saxon studies in the past ten years have been asking new and important questions of a variety of Old English and Anglo‐Latin texts. Most crucially, this interdisciplinary new work redefines the historiographical paradigms of Anglo‐Saxon cultural production and reception so that women must now be regularly included in discussions of Anglo‐Saxon cultural agency. This paradigm shift can and should inform broader cultural understandings of the history of gender relations, despite current communication problems among the varied subfields of medieval studies and gender studies. Furthermore, the pedagogy of both medievalists and faculty specializing in later periods must be informed by this shift as well.
Some Like It Hot: Teaching Strategies for Managing Tactical Versus Genuine Anger in Negotiations
Authors: Schroth Holly A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA critically important skill in any negotiation is the ability to manage the emotions that are inevitably evoked by conflict. Anger is one of the most widely studied emotions that occur in negotiation. The purpose of this article is to introduce strategies for managing tactical and genuine anger in negotiations. The difference between tactical and genuine anger is discussed along with different strategies for managing each of these types of anger. The article concludes with advice for instructors to help negotiation students acquire experience in managing both their own and the other party’s anger.