bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unilateral focal polymicrogyria in a patient with classical Aarskog–Scott syndrome due to a novel missense mutation in an evolutionary conserved RhoGEF domain of the faciogenital dysplasia gene FGD1
Authors: Bottani Armand , Orrico Alfredo , Galli Lucia , Karam Olivier , Haenggeli Charles‐André , Ferey Solène , Conrad Bernard 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFaciogenital dysplasia or Aarskog–Scott syndrome (AAS) is an X‐linked disorder characterized by craniofacial, skeletal, and urogenital malformations and short stature. Mutations in the only known causative gene FGD1 are found in about one‐fifth of the cases with the clinical diagnosis of AAS. FGD1 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that specifically activates the Rho GTPase Cdc42 via its RhoGEF domain. The Cdc42 pathway is involved in skeletal formation and multiple aspects of neuronal development. We describe a boy with typical AAS and, in addition, unilateral focal polymicrogyria (PMG), a feature hitherto unreported in AAS. Sequencing of the FGD1 gene in the index case and his mother revealed the presence of a novel mutation (1396A>G; M466V), located in the evolutionary conserved α‐helix 4 of the RhoGEF domain. M466V was not found in healthy family members, in >300 healthy controls and AAS patients, and has not been reported in the literature or mutation databases to date, indicating that this novel missense mutation causes AAS, and possibly PMG. Brain cortex malformations such as PMG could be initiated by mutations in the evolutionary conserved RhoGEF domain of FGD1, by perturbing the signaling via Rho GTPases such as Cdc42 known to cause brain malformation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Food transfers to young and mates in wild owl monkeys (Aotus azarai)
Authors: Wolovich Christy Kaitlyn , Perea‐Rodriguez Juan Pablo , Fernandez‐Duque Eduardo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAccounts of food sharing within natural populations of mammals have focused on transfers to offspring or transfers of food items that are difficult to obtain (such as meat). Five groups of socially monogamous owl monkeys (Aotus azarai azarai) in Formosa, Argentina were observed during 107 hr to determine the pattern of food sharing under natural conditions. There were a total of 42 social interactions involving food with food being transferred on eight occasions. Adult males transferred food to young more often than did adult females. All types of food that were readily obtained and eaten by all age/sex classes were transferred to young. Adult females also transferred food to their mates. This type of food sharing is very rare among animals and may have social benefits specific to monogamous mammals with paternal care. Am. J. Primatol. 70:211–221, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polyurethane–cement‐based foams: Characterization and potential uses
Authors: Verdolotti L. , Di Maio E. , Lavorgna M. , Iannace S. , Nicolais L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe production of a new lightweight composite material based on polyurethane and Portland cement was investigated. The composite was obtained by the mixture of polyurethane foam precursors with different amounts of cement and water. To allow cement hydration, samples were aged in water and characterized through scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and compressive testing. We studied the cement hydration reactions and the effect of the organic phase on hydration by determining the amount of chemically bonded water by calcination. The results showed that the amount of water affected the morphology and porosity of the foams and thereby affected the cement hydration reaction. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite varied in a wide range, depending on the cement and water contents and on whether the hydrated cement particles behaved as fillers or were allowed to interact to form stronger inorganic networks within the polymeric matrix forming the bubble walls. The polyurethane–cement composite foams showed an increase in the stiffness and the yield strength. In addition, the ductile behavior of the polymeric foams was preserved, even at high filler loadings, due to the chemical compatibility between the hydroxyl groups of the polyol and the cement. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation of a multicolored reflective electrochromic display based on monodisperse polymeric microspheres with N‐substituted viologen pendants
Authors: Ryu Jee‐Hyun , Lee Yun‐Ho , Suh Kyung‐Do 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis article describes the preparation of multicolored reflective electrochromic displays (R‐ECDs) through the control of the substituents on viologen molecules. Cyanophenyl, salicylic, and alkyl groups were introduced onto 4,4′‐bipyridine. The synthesized viologen moieties were reacted with methyl chloride functional groups on polymeric microspheres, which were prepared by seeded polymerization. Then, R‐ECD cells were fabricated by the placement of a mixture of the viologen‐modified polymeric microspheres and an electrolyte between sandwiched indium tin oxide glasses. The R‐ECDs showed an inherent white background without potential because the micrometer‐range particles scattered the light, and the viologen was in a bleached state. From spectrophotometric results and visual appearances, it was confirmed that the devices showed red, green, and blue colors with respect to cyanophenyl‐, salicylic‐, and alkyl‐substituted viologen pendants when 2.7 V was applied to the device. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Relaxation phenomena of stereoregular poly(methyl methacrylate) monolayers at the air/water interface
Authors: Lee Yuh‐Lang , Hsu Wen‐Ping 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRelaxation behaviors of isotactic, atactic, and syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) monolayers at the air/water interface were investigated at three different temperatures. The monolayer characteristics of the three stereoisomers were studied in terms of surface pressure–area per molecule (π‐A) isotherm, area relaxation, and pressure relaxation. The results show that pressures at inflection points of π‐A isotherms of PMMA decrease with an increase in temperature. The collapse pressure also decreases as the temperature is elevated. It was shown likely for the first time that the relaxation process of PMMA stereoisomers could be described by a model considering the nucleation and growth mechanisms. The simulation parameters of area relaxation of the three stereoisomers at 30 mN/m are very similar, indicating similar mechanisms. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Properties and pervaporation separation of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene‐based polyurethane/poly(methyl metharcylate) interpenetrating networks membranes
Authors: Tsai Mei‐Hui , Huang Shih‐Liang , Chang Po‐Hsueh , Chen Chiou‐Jey 
Published: September 2007

AbstractHydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), 4,4′‐dicyclohexyl methane diiscyanate (H12MDI), and 1,4‐butane diol are used to synthesize polyurethane (PU) solutions by two‐stage process. Interpenetrating networks (IPNs) of HTPB‐based PU and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with HTPB/MMA (wt/wt % ratio) = 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 1.5, 0.8, and 0.6, which are designated as IPN1 to IPN5, respectively, are synthesized by sequential polymerization technique. Thermal properties, tensile strength, and contact angle of membranes increase with the increase of MMA content, while the elongation of membranes show the reverse trend. Characterization of membranes are investigated by CC/CO absorption ratio and infrared absorption frequency shiftment. These PU and IPN membranes are used for the separation of ethanol/water and isopropanol/water solution by pervaporation test. IPN3 membrane possesses the largest pervaporation permeability and the separation factor. The pervaporation results of ethanol/water feed has the same trend as that of isopropyl alcohol (IPA)/water solution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Novel binder system for ultraviolet‐curable coatings based on tobacco seed (Nicotiana rustica) oil derivatives as a renewable resource
Authors: Patel Kalpesh I. , Parmar Randhirsinh J. , Parmar Jayant S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSeveral coatings have been developed to reduce volatile organic component emissions, such as water‐borne coatings, high‐solid coatings, powder coatings, and radiation‐curable coatings. Ultraviolet‐curable coatings are one such boon to paint industries, not only reducing volatile organic components but also increasing productivity. Most polymers industrially produced nowadays are based on petroleum, which is a limited resource. Developing new procedures for making polymers based on natural renewable resources is a resounding theme for this decade and the future also. In response to both these needs, we have investigated the use of tobacco seed (Nicotiana rustica) oil in the synthesis of radiation‐curable coatings. In this work, the alcoholysis of oil in various ratios with polyhydroxyl compounds was performed to prepare novel polyols, and these different polyols were reacted further with excess polyisocyanate to produce isocyanate‐terminated prepolymers. The prepolymer were further reacted with hydroxyethyl methacrylate to produce urethane acrylate oligomers. The radiation‐curable coating compositions were than prepared by the mixing of these oligomers with different reactive diluents, photoinitiators, and activators. These coating compositions were studied for their various physical and film characteristics, and certain coating compositions from tobacco seed oil were found to show very excellent overall coating properties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synthesis, QSAR and Calcium Channel Antagonist Activity of New 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Derivatives Containing 1‐Methyl‐4,5‐dichloroimidazolyl Substituents
Authors: Hosseini Maryam , Miri Ramin , Amini Mohsen , Mirkhani Hossein , Hemmateenejad Bahram , Ghodsi Shahram , Alipour Eskandar , Shafiee Abbas 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA group of dialkyl and diarylester analogues of nifedipine, in which the ortho‐nitrophenyl group at position 4 was replaced by a 1‐methyl‐4,5‐dichloroimidazolyl substituent, were synthesized and evaluated as calcium‐channel antagonists using the high K+ concentration of guinea‐pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle. The structure of all compounds was confirmed by IR, 1H‐NMR, and mass spectra. The calcium‐channel antagonist activity of compounds 10a–f demonstrated that compound 10b was the most active and 10f the least active one. With unsymmetrical diesters 12a–k, the most active compound was the ethyl, phenethyl derivative. Structural parameters on the calcium‐channel antagonist activity were evaluated by QSAR analysis and a linear correlation was found between the –log IC50 values of these compounds and their constitutional and topological properties.
Tunable Bacterial Agglutination and Motility Inhibition by Self‐Assembled Glyco‐Nanoribbons
Authors: Lim Yong‐beom , Park Somi , Lee Eunji , Ryu Ja‐Hyoung , Yoon You‐Rim , Kim Tae‐Hyun , Lee Myongsoo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe explored a method of controlling bacterial motility and agglutination by using self‐assembled carbohydrate‐coated β‐sheet nanoribbons. To this aim, we synthesized triblock peptides that consist of a carbohydrate, a polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer, and a β‐sheet‐forming peptide. An investigation into the effect of PEG‐spacer length on the self‐assembly of the triblock peptides showed that the PEG should be of sufficiently length to stabilize the β‐sheet nanoribbon structure. It was found that the stabilization of the nanoribbon led to stronger activity in bacterial motility inhibition and agglutination, thus suggesting that antibacterial activity can be controlled by the stabilization strategy. Furthermore, another level of control over bacterial motility and agglutination was attained by co‐assembly of bacteria‐specific and ‐nonspecific supramolecular building blocks. The nanoribbon specifically detected bacteria after the encapsulation of a fluorescent probe. Moreover, the detection sensitivity was enhanced by the formation of bacterial clusters. All these results suggest that the carbohydrate‐coated β‐sheet nanoribbons can be developed as promising agents for pathogen capture, inactivation, and detection, and that the activity can be controlled at will.
Effects of water deprivation on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline and one of its metabolites, 1,3‐dimethyluric acid, after intravenous and oral administration of aminophylline to rats
Authors: Choi Hye D. , Kang Hee E. , Chung Hye J. , Bae Soo K. , Shin Karen N. , Lee Myung G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIt has been reported that the expressions of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1/2, 2B1/2 and 3A1/2 were not changed in rats with water deprivation for 72 h (rat model of dehydration) compared with the controls. It has been also reported that 1,3‐dimethyluric acid (1,3‐DMU) was formed from theophylline via CYP1A1/2 in rats. Hence, it could be expected that the formation of 1,3‐DMU could be comparable between the two groups of rats. As expected, after both intravenous and oral administration of theophylline at a dose of 5 mg/kg to the rat model of dehydration, the AUC of 1,3‐DMU was comparable to the controls. After both intravenous and oral administration of theophylline to the rat model of dehydration, the Clr of both theophylline and 1,3‐DMU was significantly slower than the controls. This could be due to significantly smaller urinary excretions of both theophylline and 1,3‐DMU since the AUC of both theophylline and 1,3‐DMU were comparable between the two groups of rats. The smaller urinary excretion of both theophylline and 1,3‐DMU could be due to urine flow rate‐dependent timed‐interval renal clearance of both theophylline and 1,3‐DMU in rats. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical Surveillance of Epidemics: Peak Detection of Influenza in Sweden
Authors: Bock David , Andersson Eva , Frisén Marianne 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA statistical surveillance system gives a signal as soon as data give enough evidence of an important event. We consider on‐line surveillance systems for detecting changes in influenza incidence. One important feature of the influenza cycle is the start of the influenza season, and another one is the change to a decline (the peak). In this report we discuss statistical methods for on‐line peak detection. One motive for doing this is the need for health resource planning. Surveillance systems were adapted for Swedish data on laboratory verified diagnoses of influenza. In Sweden, the parameters of the influenza cycles vary too much from year to year for parametric methods to be useful. We suggest a non‐parametric method based on the monotonicity properties of the increase and decline around a peak. A Monte Carlo study indicated that this method has useful stochastic properties. The method was applied to Swedish data on laboratory verified diagnoses of influenza for seven periods. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adjusting Nonresponse Bias at Subdomain Levels using Multiple Response Phases
Authors: Oleson Jacob J. , He Chong Z. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWhen a sampling unit doesn't respond to a survey it is termed unit nonresponse. Unit nonresponse may have a dramatic affect on estimation results of interest. Using only those who responded to the survey to calculate the estimate may bias the estimate, known as nonresponse bias. Many approaches have been created in order to account for nonresponse. One such approach is to resample those nonrespondents in a second response “phase” (or more). We build a Bayesian hierarchical model that uses information from multiple response “phases” to estimate the phase specific response rates fromIsubdomains. This information is simultaneously used to estimate the success rates in thoseIsubdomains. Conditional success rates are then estimated for the first phase respondents, second phase respondents, and nonrespondents (the third response phase). A relationship between these three sets of conditional success rates is incorporated into the model. This is done through a spatially dependent structure. The 1998 Missouri Turkey Hunting Survey is used to illustrate this methodology. The success rate estimates from nonrespondents have a significant impact on the overall success rate. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Health-related quality of life among patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastro-oesophageal junction treated by gastrectomy or oesophagectomy
Authors: Barbour A P , Lagergren P , Hughes R , Alderson D , Barham C P , Blazeby J M 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Background
Tumours of the gastro-oesophageal junction may be resected by total gastrectomy (TG) or transthoracic oesophagectomy (TTO). This study compared health-related quality of life (HRQL) following these procedures.

Methods
Prospective clinical and HRQL data (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30) were collected from 63 consecutive patients (20 TG and 43 TTO) before and 6 months after surgery for Siewert type I–III gastro-oesophageal tumours.

Results
Questionnaire response rates exceeded 90 per cent. Patients were similar with respect to disease stage, treatment-related mortality and survival, but those selected for TTO were younger with less co-morbidity than those undergoing TG. These differences were reflected in baseline HRQL scores, which were better in patients selected for TTO. Six months after surgery, however, HRQL showed a greater deterioration after TTO than after TG in terms of role and social function, global quality of life and fatigue. Symptom scores for pain and diarrhoea increased in both groups.

Conclusion
TTO had a greater negative impact on HRQL than TG for tumours of the gastro-oesophageal junction.
Optimising production cost and end‐product quality when raw material quality is varying
Authors: Måge Ingrid , Næs Tormod 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with the optimisation of production processes in a situation where the raw material varies. The objective is to minimise production costs for a given raw material quality, with restrictions on the end‐product quality. Three important issues are addressed. First, we discuss the collection of data for response surface modelling. In full‐scale production processes it is very difficult to perform large experiments. We show that merging smaller designed experiments can be a good alternative. Second, we illustrate the use of an approach for combining data obtained using an experimental design with spectroscopic raw material measurements in a joint regression model. Finally, we discuss some issues related to robustness and sensitivity in optimisation. We also show how this optimisation can be used as a tool when purchasing raw materials. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, DNA‐Binding, Cleavage, and Cytotoxic Activity of New 1,7‐Dioxa‐4,10‐diazacyclododecane Artificial Receptors Containing Bisguanidinoethyl or Diaminoethyl Double Side Arms
Authors: Sheng Xin , Lu Xiao‐Min , Chen Yue‐Ting , Lu Guo‐Yuan , Zhang Jing‐Jing , Shao Ying , Liu Fang , Xu Qiang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractNovel 1,7‐dioxa‐4,10‐diazacyclododecane artificial receptors with two pendant aminoethyl (3) or guanidinoethyl (4) side arms have been synthesized. Spectroscopy, including fluorescence and CD spectroscopy, of the interactions of 3, 4, and their copper(II) complexes with calf thymus DNA indicated that the DNA binding affinity of these compounds follows the order Cu2+–4>Cu2+–3>4>3, and the binding constants of Cu2+–3 are Cu2+–4 are 7.2×104 and 8.7×104 M−1, respectively. Assessment by agarose gel electrophoresis of the plasmid pUC 19 DNA cleavage activity in the presence of the receptors showed that the complexes Cu2+–3 and Cu2+–4 exhibit powerful supercoiled DNA cleavage efficiency. Kinetic data of DNA cleavage promoted by Cu2+–3 and Cu2+–4 under physiological conditions fit to a saturation kinetic profile with kmax values of 0.865 and 0.596 h−1, respectively, which give about 108‐fold rate acceleration over uncatalyzed supercoiled DNA. This acceleration is due to efficient cooperative catalysis of the copper(II) center and the functional (diamino or bisguanidinium) groups. In‐vitro cytotoxic activities toward murine melanoma B16 cells and human leukemia HL‐60 cells were also examined: Cu2+–4 shows the highest activity with IC50 values of 1.62×10−4 and 1.19×10−5 M, respectively.
Sodium Chains as Core Nanowires for Gelation of Organic Solvents from a Functionalized Nicotinic Acid and Its Sodium Salt
Authors: Bardelang David , Camerel Franck , Hotze Anna C. G. , Kariuki Benson , Paik Biswajit , Schmutz Marc , Ziessel Raymond , Hannon Michael J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA new metallo‐organic gelator formed from an admixture of a substituted nicotinic acid and its sodium salt is described. The nicotinic acid is substituted in the 6‐position by an acetal functionality. The crystal structure of the 1:1 mixture revealed that the sodium atoms are aligned in infinite chains with the two organic units hydrogen bonded together to create potentially trinucleating ligands that encase the metal core, which leads to tube‐like structures. These one‐dimensional crystals were found to spontaneously gelify dichloromethane and provide pyridine gels with high thermal resistance. Gel formation was investigated by several analytical techniques, which included differential scanning calorimetry, TEM, freeze fracture electron microscopy (FFEM), IR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction, and was found to be induced by the swelling of the one‐dimensional material. FFEM and powder X‐ray diffraction have revealed that the sodium chains are associated in a highly compacted state into a layered structure inside the gel. Doping these robust gels with dyes by diffusion, such as xylene cyanol, methyl yellow and bromo thymol blue, is feasible without destruction of the gels.