bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of interleukin-8 levels in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with haematological malignancies
Authors: Şensoy Levent , Atilla Aynur , Güllü Yusuf Taha , Gür Vural Demet , Turgut Mehmet , Esen Şaban , Tanyel Esra 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the level of interleukin (IL)-8 in diagnosing of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). We conducted this study with 50 controls and 25 IPA patients with haematological malignancies. Demographic data, haematological diagnoses, chemotherapy regimen, galactomannan level, fungal culture, and computed tomography findings of the patients were evaluated prospectively. IL-8 levels were studied with the ELISA method. The mean age of patients in the case group was 60.84 ± 15.38 years, while that of the controls was 58.38 ± 16.64 years. Of the patients, 2/25 were classified as having ‘proven’, 13/25 as ‘probable’, and 10/25 as ‘possible’ invasive aspergillosis (IA). Serum IL-8 levels were found to be significantly higher in the case group compared to the controls. There was a negative correlation between serum IL-8 levels and neutrophil counts and a positive correlation with the duration of neutropenia. A significant cutoff value for serum IL-8 parameter in detecting IPA disease was obtained as ≥274 ng/l; sensitivity was 72%; specificity was 64%; PPV was 50%; and NPV was 82%. In the subgroup analysis, there was no significant difference in serum IL-8 levels between the case group and the patients in the neutropenic control group, while a significant difference was found in with the patients in the non-neutropenic control group. Serum IL-8 levels in neutropenic patients who develop IPA are not adequate in terms of both the diagnosis of the disease and predicting mortality. New, easily applicable methods with high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing IPA are still needed.
DUVET: Resolved direct metallicity measurements in the outflow of starburst galaxy NGC 1569
Authors: Hamel-Bravo Magdalena J , Fisher Deanne B , Berg Danielle , Björgvinsson Bjarki , Bolatto Alberto D , Cameron Alex J , Chisholm John , Fielding Drummond B , Herrera-Camus Rodrigo , Kacprzak Glenn G , Li Miao , Ciraulo Barbara Mazzilli , McLeod Anna F , McPherson Daniel K , Nielsen Nikole M , Reichardt Chu Bronwyn , Vaught Ryan J Rickards , Sandstrom Karin 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the results of direct-method metallicity measurements in the disc and outflow of the low-metallicity starburst galaxy NGC 1569. We use Keck Cosmic Web Imager observations to map the galaxy across 54″ (800 pc) along the major axis and 48″ (700 pc) along the minor axis with a spatial resolution of 1″ (∼15 pc). We detect common strong emission lines ([O iii] λ5007, H β, [O ii] λ3727) and the fainter [O iii] λ4363 auroral line, which allows us to measure electron temperature (Te) and metallicity. Theory suggests that outflows drive metals out of the disc driving observed trends between stellar mass and gas-phase metallicity. Our main result is that the metallicity in the outflow is similar to that of the disc, Zout/ZISM ≈ 1. This is consistent with previous absorption line studies in higher mass galaxies. Assumption of a mass-loading factor of $\dot{M}_{\rm out}/{\rm SFR}\sim 3$ makes the metal-loading of NGC 1569 consistent with expectations derived from the mass–metallicity relationship. Our high spatial resolution metallicity maps reveal a region around a supermassive star cluster (SSC-B) with distinctly higher metallicity and higher electron density, compared to the disc. Given the known properties of SSC-B the higher metallicity and density of this region are likely the result of star formation-driven feedback acting on the local scale. Overall, our results are consistent with the picture in which metal-enriched winds pollute the circumgalactic medium surrounding galaxies, and thus connect the small-scale feedback processes to large-scale properties of galaxy haloes.
The phytochrome-interacting factor genes PIF1 and PIF4 are functionally diversified due to divergence of promoters and proteins
Authors: Kim Hanim , Lee Nayoung , Kim Yeojae , Choi Giltsu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors that regulate light responses downstream of phytochromes. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), 8 PIFs (PIF1-8) regulate light responses, either redundantly or distinctively. Distinctive roles of PIFs may be attributed to differences in mRNA expression patterns governed by promoters or variations in molecular activities of proteins. However, elements responsible for the functional diversification of PIFs have yet to be determined. Here, we investigated the role of promoters and proteins in the functional diversification of PIF1 and PIF4 by analyzing transgenic lines expressing promoter-swapped PIF1 and PIF4, as well as chimeric PIF1 and PIF4 proteins. For seed germination, PIF1 promoter played a major role, conferring dominance to PIF1 gene with a minor contribution from PIF1 protein. Conversely, for hypocotyl elongation under red light, PIF4 protein was the major element conferring dominance to PIF4 gene with the minor contribution from PIF4 promoter. In contrast, both PIF4 promoter and PIF4 protein were required for the dominant role of PIF4 in promoting hypocotyl elongation at high ambient temperatures. Together, our results support that the functional diversification of PIF1 and PIF4 genes resulted from contributions of both promoters and proteins, with their relative importance varying depending on specific light responses.
Drug hypersensitivity reactions: review of the state of the science for prediction and diagnosis
Authors: Pallardy Marc , Bechara Rami , Whritenour Jessica , Mitchell-Ryan Shermaine , Herzyk Danuta , Lebrec Herve , Merk Hans , Gourley Ian , Komocsar Wendy J , Piccotti Joseph R , Balazs Mercedesz , Sharma Amy , Walker Dana B , Weinstock Daniel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) are a type of adverse drug reaction that can occur with different classes of drugs and affect multiple organ systems and patient populations. DHRs can be classified as allergic or non-allergic based on the cellular mechanisms involved. Whereas nonallergic reactions rely mainly on the innate immune system, allergic reactions involve the generation of an adaptive immune response. Consequently, drug allergies are DHRs for which an immunological mechanism, with antibody and/or T cell, is demonstrated. Despite decades of research, methods to predict the potential for a new chemical entity to cause DHRs or to correctly attribute DHRs to a specific mechanism and a specific molecule are not well-established. This review will focus on allergic reactions induced by systemically administered low-molecular weight drugs with an emphasis on drug- and patient-specific factors that could influence the development of DHRs. Strategies for predicting and diagnosing DHRs, including potential tools based on the current state of the science, will also be discussed.
S100a6 knockdown promotes the differentiation of dental epithelial cells toward the epidermal lineage instead of the odontogenic lineage
Authors: Otake Shinji , Saito Kan , Chiba Yuta , Yamada Aya , Fukumoto Satoshi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTooth development is a complex process involving various signaling pathways and genes. Recent findings suggest that ion channels and transporters, including the S100 family of calcium‐binding proteins, may be involved in tooth formation. However, our knowledge in this regard is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the expression of S100 family members and their functions during tooth formation. Tooth germs were extracted from the embryonic and post‐natal mice and the expression of S100a6 was examined. Additionally, the effects of S100a6 knockdown and calcium treatment on S100a6 expression and the proliferation of SF2 cells were examined. Microarrays and single‐cell RNA‐sequencing indicated that S100a6 was highly expressed in ameloblasts. Immunostaining of mouse tooth germs showed that S100a6 was expressed in ameloblasts but not in the undifferentiated dental epithelium. Additionally, S100a6 was localized to the calcification‐forming side in enamel‐forming ameloblasts. Moreover, siRNA‐mediated S100a6 knockdown in ameloblasts reduced intracellular calcium concentration and the expression of ameloblast marker genes, indicating that S100a6 is associated with ameloblast differentiation. Furthermore, S100a6 knockdown inhibited the ERK/PI3K signaling pathway, suppressed ameloblast proliferation, and promoted the differentiation of the dental epithelium toward epidermal lineage. Conclusively, S100a6 knockdown in the dental epithelium suppresses cell proliferation via calcium and intracellular signaling and promotes differentiation of the dental epithelium toward the epidermal lineage.
Electroencephalogram Biomarkers from Anesthesia Induction to Identify Vulnerable Patients at Risk for Postoperative Delirium
Authors: Pollak Marie , Leroy Sophie , Röhr Vera , Brown Emery Neal , Spies Claudia , Koch Susanne 
Published: April 2024

Background
Postoperative delirium is a common complication in elderly patients undergoing anesthesia. Even though it is increasingly recognized as an important health issue, the early detection of patients at risk for postoperative delirium remains a challenge. This study aims to identify predictors of postoperative delirium by analyzing frontal electroencephalogram at propofol-induced loss of consciousness.

Methods
This prospective, observational single-center study included patients older than 70 yr undergoing general anesthesia for a planned surgery. Frontal electroencephalogram was recorded on the day before surgery (baseline) and during anesthesia induction (1, 2, and 15 min after loss of consciousness). Postoperative patients were screened for postoperative delirium twice daily for 5 days. Spectral analysis was performed using the multitaper method. The electroencephalogram spectrum was decomposed in periodic and aperiodic (correlates to asynchronous spectrum wide activity) components. The aperiodic component is characterized by its offset (y intercept) and exponent (the slope of the curve). Computed electroencephalogram parameters were compared between patients who developed postoperative delirium and those who did not. Significant electroencephalogram parameters were included in a binary logistic regression analysis to predict vulnerability for postoperative delirium.

Results
Of 151 patients, 50 (33%) developed postoperative delirium. At 1 min after loss of consciousness, postoperative delirium patients demonstrated decreased alpha (postoperative delirium: 0.3 μV2 [0.21 to 0.71], no postoperative delirium: 0.55 μV2 [0.36 to 0.74]; P = 0.019] and beta band power [postoperative delirium: 0.27 μV2 [0.12 to 0.38], no postoperative delirium: 0.38 μV2 [0.25 to 0.48]; P = 0.003) and lower spectral edge frequency (postoperative delirium: 10.45 Hz [5.65 to 15.04], no postoperative delirium: 14.56 Hz [9.51 to 16.65]; P = 0.01). At 15 min after loss of consciousness, postoperative delirium patients displayed a decreased aperiodic offset (postoperative delirium: 0.42 μV2 (0.11 to 0.69), no postoperative delirium: 0.62 μV2 [0.37 to 0.79]; P = 0.004). The logistic regression model predicting postoperative delirium vulnerability demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.73 (0.69 to 0.75).

Conclusions
The findings suggest that electroencephalogram markers obtained during loss of consciousness at anesthesia induction may serve as electroencephalogram-based biomarkers to identify at an early time patients at risk of developing postoperative delirium.

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Investigating the Mechanisms of Intradermal Injection for Easier “Skin Booster” Treatment: A Fluid Mechanics Approach to Determine Optimal Delivery Method
Authors: Oh Seung Min , Lee Yongkoo , Lee Jae Hyuk , Oh Myungjune 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The use of “skin boosters” for rejuvenating aged skin is widely used. However, the accurate injection of the skin booster into the dermal layer remains a challenge due to the density of the dermis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal mechanical variables of delivery that enabled correct targeting of the product to the dermis for optimal results.

Methods:
We investigated the impact of mechanical variables (syringe diameter, needle diameter and length, and viscosity of the skin booster) on the force required for intradermal injection in porcine skin. The correlation between these variables and the injection force was examined as well.

Results:
The results show that smaller syringe diameters, larger needle diameters, shorter needle lengths, and lower viscosity of the skin boosters reduce the injection force needed for intradermal injections.

Conclusions:
During the administration of skin booster injections, clinicians should take into account optimal conditions that facilitate intradermal injections, thus maximizing rejuvenating outcomes. Furthermore, manufacturers of skin boosters should formulate the products with decreased viscosity and provide the product in conjunction with appropriate needles and syringes, designed to optimize ease of injection.
Pushing the Limits of Reach for the Pedicled Anterolateral Thigh Flap
Authors: Liang Weihao , Chen Hsing-Fu , Jeng Seng-Feng , Shih Hsiang-Shun 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
The pedicled anterolateral thigh flap, although tremendously versatile, may be limited in reach, especially in challenging clinical cases. Traditional methods to extend its reach may remain insufficient or unavailable. We describe two modifications to the conventional pedicled flap to extend its reach to the limits, namely (1) selecting a distal perforator supplemented by the nonsizeable perforator harvest technique, and (2) the double-pivot technique adding an additional rotation to the flap à la propeller perforator flap. The increased reach not only improves reconstructive success, but also opens up new applications for this workhorse flap.
Dextromethorphan moderates reward deficiency associated with central serotonin transporter availability in 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine-treated animals
Authors: Chiu Chuang-Hsin , Ma Kuo-Hsing , Huang Eagle Yi-Kung , Chang Hsien-Wen , Weng Shao-Ju , Yu Tsung-Hsun , Farn Shiou-Shiow , Kuo Yu-Yeh , Huang Wen-Sheng , Cheng Cheng-Yi , Tao Pao-Luh , Yeh Skye Hsin-Hsien 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The neurotoxicity of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) to the serotonergic system is well-documented. Dextromethorphan (DM), an antitussive drug, decreased morphine- or methamphetamine (MA)-induced reward in rats and may prevent MDMA-induced serotonergic deficiency in primates, as indicated by increased serotonin transporter (SERT) availability. We aimed to investigate the effects of DM on reward, behavioral sensitization, and neurotoxicity associated with loss of SERT induced by chronic MDMA administration in rats.

Methods:
Conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor activity tests were used to evaluate drug-induced reward and behavioral sensitization; 4-[18F]-ADAM/animal-PET and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the effects of DM on MDMA-induced loss of SERT.

Results:
MDMA significantly reduced SERT binding in the rat brain; however, co-administration of DM significantly restored SERT, enhancing the recovery rate at day 14 by an average of ~23% compared to the MDMA group. In confirmation of the PET findings, immunochemistry revealed MDMA reduced SERT immunoactivity in all brain regions, whereas DM markedly increased the serotonergic fiber density after MDMA induction.

Conclusion:
Behavioral tests and in vivo longitudinal PET imaging demonstrated the CPP indexes and locomotor activities of the reward system correlate negatively with PET 4-[18F]ADAM SERT activity in the reward system. Our findings suggest MDMA induces functional abnormalities in a network of brain regions important to decision-making processes and the motivation circuit. DM may exert neuroprotective effects to reverse MDMA-induced neurotoxicity.
A Focus on Leadership Communication and Feeling Valued to Prevent Burnout and Turnover Among Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Young Amy M. , Aronoff Chloe , Goel Sandy , Jerome Matthew , Brower Kirk J. 
Published: April 2024

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the relative importance of leadership communication in predicting burnout and intention to stay among faculty and staff while controlling for other factors such as satisfaction with compensation and work-home flexibility.

Methods
This study involved a secondary analysis of data derived from an organizational engagement survey that included 2336 faculty members (75% response rate) and 17,664 staff members (72% response rate).

Results
Effective leadership communication was a stronger predictor of burnout and intent to stay than satisfaction with compensation and work-home flexibility. Feeling valued by the organization mediated the relationship between leadership communication and the outcome variables.

Conclusions
Leadership communication provides a low-cost solution to burnout and staff shortages and is primarily effective because it conveys to both faculty and staff that they are valued by the organization.
Engagement in Distance Healthcare Simulation Debriefing
Authors: Palaganas Janice C. , Mosher Cynthia J. , Morton Alex , Foronda Cynthia , Cheng Adam , Anderson Terry 
Published: April 2024

Summary Statement
Understanding distance health care simulation debriefing is crucial in light of the increased use of and emerging technology in remote education for reasons of accessibility, global collaboration, and continuous professional development. This article is a confluence of a number of previously published studies designed to serve as a foundation to develop the concept of “engagement in health care distance simulation debriefing” using the Schwartz-Barcott & Kim hybrid mixed methods model. The model uses 3 phases: theoretical (a realist systematic review of the literature), fieldwork (3 exploratory studies and 2 pilot experimental studies), and analytical (analysis of the theoretical and fieldwork findings through expert discussion). This study defines the concept of “engagement in health care simulation distance debriefing” through exploration of its uses and analysis in literature, interviews, and expert review. The hybrid approach to the analysis provided rigor to generate a new, reflective conceptual model. This conceptual model defines the complexity in engagement during distance debriefing and helps shape the development of simulationists and debriefers, leading to more effective distance simulations and debriefings.
Experimental type 1 diabetes metabolically rejuvenates CD8+T cells for improved control of tumor growth through an IGF1-IGF1R axis
Authors: Sarkar Anirban , Dhar Sukanya , Bera Saurav , Chakravarti Mohona , Verma Ayushi , Prasad Parash , Sultana Jasmine , Das Juhina , Saha Akata , Bhuniya Avishek , Guha Ipsita , Dasgupta Shayani , Roy Sib Sankar , Banerjee Saptak , Roy Subir , Bhar Debarati , Storkus Walter J. , Baral Rathindranath , Datta Dipak , Bose Anamika 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEpidemiological studies suggest that patients with pre-existing type 1 diabetes (T1D) have a decreased risk of developing melanoma, prostate cancer, and breast cancer, although the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. In translational modelling, we observed that streptozotocin (STZ) induced T1D mice exhibited restricted melanoma and carcinoma (mammary, lung and colon) growth in association with extended overall survival. Tumor-infiltrating CD8+T cells were found to be responsible for tumor growth restriction. Tumor infiltrating CD8+T cells but not tumor cells themselves exhibited higher glycolytic and cytotoxic activities in T1D hosts. Such improved anti-tumor T cell function was linked to selective upregulated expression of insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, and phospho-mTOR in CD8+T cells in the TME. T1D patient derived CD8+T cells displayed superior activationin vitroafter tumor antigen stimulation vs. non-diabetic CD8+T cells. Activation of T1D patient derived CD8+T cells was sensitive to targeted antagonism of IGF1R and mTOR, supporting the operational involvement of the IGF1R-mTOR signaling axis. Our results suggest that selective activation of the intrinsic IGF1R-mTOR signaling axis in CD8+T cells represents a preferred endpoint to achieving more effective immunotherapy outcomes and improved cancer patient management.SignificanceExperimental type 1 diabetes decelerates tumor growth through metabolic activation of cytotoxic T cells dependent on an IGF1R-mTOR signaling pathway. CD8+IGF1R+IGF1+T cells play a crucial role in T1D dependent tumor control.
Estrogen Receptor Gene Expression Prediction from H&E Whole Slide Images
Authors: Srinivas Anvita A. , Jaroensri Ronnachai , Wulczyn Ellery , Wren James H. , Thompson Elaine E. , Olson Niels , Beckers Fabien , Miao Melissa , Liu Yun , Chen Po-Hsuan Cameron , Steiner David F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGene expression profiling (GEP) provides valuable information for the care of breast cancer patients. However, the test itself is expensive and can take a long time to process. In contrast, microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue is inexpensive, fast, and integrated into the standard of care. This work explores the possibility of predictingESR1gene expression from H&E images, and its use in predicting clinical variables and patient outcomes. We utilized a weakly supervised method to train a deep learning model to predictESR1expression from whole slide images, and achieved 0.57 [95% CI: 0.46, 0.67] Pearson’s correlation with the ground truth value. OurESR1expression prediction achieved an AUROC of 0.81 [0.74, 0.87] in predicting clinical ER status obtained using an immunohistochemistry staining technique, and a c-index of 0.59 [0.52, 0.65] in predicting progression-free interval for the patients in our cohort. This work further demonstrates the potential to infer gene expression from H&E stained images in a manner that shows meaningful associations with clinical variables. Because obtaining H&E stained images is substantially easier and faster than genetic testing, the capability to derive molecular genetic information from these images may increase access to this type of information for patient risk stratification and provide research insights into molecular-morphological associations.