bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new European testate amoebae transfer function for palaeohydrological reconstruction on ombrotrophic peatlands
Authors: Charman Dan J. , Blundell Antony ,   ACCROTELM Members
Published: August 2006

AbstractProxy climate data can be obtained from reconstructions of hydrological changes on ombrotrophic (rain‐fed) peatlands using biological indicators, such as testate amoebae. Reconstructions are based on transfer functions, relating modern assemblage composition to water table and moisture content, applied to fossil sequences. Existing transfer functions in Europe and elsewhere are limited geographically and there are often problems with missing or poor analogues. This paper presents a new palaeohydrological transfer function based on sampling raised mires from across Europe. Relationships between assemblages and hydrological variables are described using ordination analyses. Transfer functions are developed for depth to water table (n = 119) and moisture content (n = 132) with root mean squared errors (RMSEP) of 5.6 cm and 2.7% respectively. Both transfer functions have an r2 of 0.71, based on ‘leave one out’ cross‐validation. Comparisons with an existing transfer function for Britain show that the European transfer function performs well in inferring measured water tables in Britain but that the British data cannot be used to infer water tables for other European sites with confidence. Several of the key missing and poor analogue taxa problems encountered in previous transfer functions are solved. The new transfer function will be an important tool in developing peat‐based palaeoclimatic reconstructions for European sites. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational spectral studies and the non‐linear optical properties of a novel NLO material L‐prolinium tartrate
Authors: Padmaja L. , Vijayakumar T. , Hubert Joe I. , Reghunadhan Nair C. P. , Jayakumar V. S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractVibrational spectral analysis of the novel non‐linear optical (NLO) material, L‐prolinium tartrate (LPT) was carried out using NIR‐FT‐Raman and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The density functional theoretical (DFT) computations have been performed at B3LYP/6–31G (d) level to derive equilibrium geometry, vibrational wavenumbers, intensities and first hyperpolarizability. The reasonable NLO efficiency, predicted for the first time in this novel compound, has been confirmed by Kurtz–Perry powder second‐harmonic generation (SHG) experiments. The charge‐transfer interaction between the pyrrolidine ring and the carbonyl group of the tartrate anion through the intramolecular ionic hydrogen bonds is confirmed by the simultaneous activation of ring modes in IR and Raman spectra. The splitting of the ring‐breathing mode, pseudo‐rotational ring puckering modes and the NH2 modes of the pyrrolidine ring lead to the conclusion that the pyrrolidine ring adopts a conformation intermediate between the envelope (bent) form and the half‐chair (twisted) form, resulting in the lowering of symmetry from C2 to Cs. The lowering of the methylenic stretching wavenumbers and the enhancement of the stretching intensities suggest the existence of the electronic effects of back‐donation in LPT. The positional disorder of the pyrrolidine ring, the presence of blue‐shifting H‐bonds as well as other non‐bonded interactions in LPT, low frequency H‐bond vibrations and the role of intramolecular charge transfer and the hydrogen bonds in making the molecule NLO active have been analysed on the basis of the vibrational spectral features. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cumin seed meal as an alternative to wheat bran in commercial laying hen diets
Authors: Mansoori Behzad , Modirsanei Mehrdad , Kiaei Mohammad‐Mehdi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTo evaluate the nutritional significance of cumin seed meal (CSM) as a commercial poultry feedstuff on laying hen performance and quality of laid eggs, an experiment was conducted using 144 (48‐week‐old) laying hens receiving diets containing 0, 25 and 50 g CSM kg−1 with or without polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and xylanase enzyme (Grindazym™ GP 15000) for 9 weeks. Body weight on the first and last days of the experiment and daily egg production and egg weight and weekly feed intake during the first, fifth and ninth weeks of the experiment were recorded. Shell weight, shell thickness, Haugh unit and yolk colour were measured during the last week of the experiment. The results showed that inclusion of CSM in laying hen diets had no negative influence on the parameters measured compared with the control diet (P > 0.05), but enhanced egg yolk colour (P < 0.05). PEG increased the daily feed intake of birds receiving CSM diets (P < 0.01) and tended to enhance daily egg production and egg weight, although not significantly. Grindazym decreased shell weight and thickness of laid eggs (P < 0.05) and tended to increase hen body weight, but had no influence on other parameters measured. The results demonstrated that CSM can be substituted for wheat bran in layer diets at 25 or 50 g kg−1 dietary inclusion level without any adverse effect on hen performance or egg quality, and might enhance egg yolk colour. In view of the low price of CSM, it could be concluded that inclusion of CSM in the diet might be beneficial to the commercial laying hen industry and reduce the overall cost of egg production. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Feasibility of interstitial Doppler optical coherence tomography for in vivo detection of microvascular changes during photodynamic therapy
Authors: Li Heng , Standish Beau A. , Mariampillai Adrian , Munce Nigel R. , Mao Youxin , Chiu Stephanie , Marcon Norman E. , Wilson Brian C. , Vitkin Alex , Yang Victor X.D. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIntroductionDoppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) is an emerging imaging modality that provides subsurface microstructural and microvascular tissue images with near histological resolution and sub‐mm/second velocity sensitivity. A key drawback of OCT for some applications is its shallow (1–3 mm) penetration depth. This fundamentally limits DOCT imaging to transparent, near‐surface, intravascular, or intracavitary anatomical sites. Consequently, interstitial Doppler OCT (IS‐DOCT) was developed for minimally‐invasive in vivo imaging of microvasculature and microstructure at greater depths, providing access to deep‐seated solid organs. Using Dunning prostate cancer in a rat xenograft model, this study evaluated the feasibility of IS‐DOCT monitoring of microvascular changes deep within a tumor caused by photodynamic therapy (PDT).Materials and MethodsThe DOCT interstitial probe was constructed using a 22 G (diameter ∼0.7 mm) needle, with an echogenic surface finish for enhanced ultrasound visualization. The lens of the probe consisted of a gradient‐index fiber, fusion spliced to an angle‐polished coreless tip to allow side‐view scanning. The lens was then fusion spliced to a single‐mode optical fiber that was attached to the linear scanner via catheters and driven along the longitudinal axis of the needle to produce a 2D subsurface DOCT image. The resultant IS‐DOCT system was used to monitor microvascular changes deep within the tumor mass in response to PDT in the rat xenograft model of Dunning prostate cancer. Surface PDT was delivered at 635 nm with 40 mW of power, for a total light dose of 76 J/cm2, using 12.5 mg/kg of Photofrin as the photosensitizer dose.ResultsIS‐DOCT demonstrated its ability to detect microvasculature in vivo and record PDT‐induced changes. A reduction of detected vascular cross sectional area during treatment and partial recovery post‐treatment were observed.ConclusionsIS‐DOCT is a potentially effective tool for real‐time visualization and monitoring of the progress of PDT treatments. This capability may play an important role in elucidating the mechanisms of PDT in tumors, pre‐treatment planning, feedback control for treatment optimization, determining treatment endpoints and post‐treatment assessments. Lasers Surg. Med. 38:754–761, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metal dusting of binary iron aluminium alloys at 600 °C
Authors: Bernst R. , Schneider A. , Spiegel M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this work experiments on metal dusting of binary iron aluminium alloys with 15, 26 and 40 at.% Al were performed in strongly carburising CO‐H2‐H2O gas mixtures at 600 °C. The mass gain kinetics was measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The carburised samples were characterised by means of light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the mass gain kinetics depends on the CO content of the gas mixtures and on the Al content of the alloys. With decreasing carbon activity the carburisation reaction kinetics decreases and the onset of metal dusting is retarded for increasing time periods. With increasing Al content of the alloys the carburisation reaction is slower and metal dusting sets on at later times. The samples were not pre‐treated for the formation of a protective oxide scale. By X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analyses of the carburised iron aluminium samples it was found that the formation of Al2O3 layers has taken place in the CO‐H2‐H2O gas atmospheres. Needle‐ or plate‐like κ‐phase (Fe3AlCx) precipitates close to the surface of the carburised Fe‐15Al sample were detected by means of XRD and LOM. The coke on top of the carburised samples mainly consists of filamentous carbon with metal particles at their tips.
Novel Phosphorus‐Containing Poly(ether sulfone)s and Their Blends with an Epoxy Resin: Thermal Decomposition and Fire Retardancy
Authors: Braun Ulrike , Knoll Uta , Schartel Bernhard , Hoffmann Thorsten , Pospiech Doris , Artner Johannes , Ciesielski Michael , Döring Manfred , Perez‐Graterol Raul , Sandler Jan K. W. , Altstädt Volker 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary: The decomposition of novel phosphorus‐containing poly(oxyphenylene‐sulfonyl‐phenylene‐oxy‐diphenyl phenylene phosphine oxide) (PSU_I), 2,5‐dihydroxy‐1‐biphenylene‐phosphine oxide based polysulfone (PSU_II), poly(sulfonyl‐diphenylphenylene phosphonate) (PSU_P) and bisphenol A‐based polysulfone (PSU) is studied. The influence of the chemical structure, charring and phosphorus release is discussed based on the mass loss, kinetics and products. The pyrolysis and fire behaviour of blends with epoxy resin (EP) are studied. For EP‐PSU_II, phosphorus initiates water elimination and changes the decomposition pathway of EP. The fire behaviour of EP‐PSU shows some improvements, whereas the heat release rate is crucially reduced for EP‐PSU_II due to simultaneous char formation and flame inhibition.Decomposition model of PSU_II.magnified imageDecomposition model of PSU_II.
Aggregation of Fillers Blended into Random Elastomeric Networks: Theory and Comparison with Experiments
Authors: Demir Mustafa M. , Menceloglu Yusuf Z. , Erman Burak 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary:A theoretical model describing aggregation of filler particles in amorphous elastomers is proposed. The model is based on a counting technique originally used in genome analysis to characterize the size and distribution of overlapping segments randomly placed on a DNA molecule. In the present model, the particles are first assumed to aggregate randomly upon mixing into the elastomer and their sizes are calculated. The sizes and distributions of aggregates are also studied in the presence of attractive interparticle forces. Results of the proposed model are compared with experimental data on silica‐filled end‐linked poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks. Comparison of the theory and experiment shows that the random aggregation assumption where no attractive forces exist between the particles is not valid and a significant attraction between the silica particles is needed in the theory to justify the experimental data obtained using atomic force microscopy. For filler content below 1.45 vol.‐%, the model agrees, qualitatively, with experiment and shows the increase in cluster size with increasing amount of filler. It also explains the increase in the dispersion of aggregate sizes with increasing amount of filler.Clustering of the primary silica particles in an imaginary volume of poly(dimethylsiloxane) network.magnified imageClustering of the primary silica particles in an imaginary volume of poly(dimethylsiloxane) network.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Sol‐Gel Hybrid Materials that Contain Perfluorocyclobutyl Groups
Authors: Lee Kwan‐Soo , Kim Jae‐Pil , Song Ho‐Suk , Jang Won‐Guen , Park Young‐Sik , Lee Jae‐Suk 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary: A strategy for the synthesis of sol‐gel hybrid materials that contain perfluorocyclobutyl groups is reported. Sol‐gel films have been prepared from three types of siloxane monomers using a typical sol‐gel method in an acidic atmosphere, followed by UV irradiation and dimerization. The materials show high thermal stability that exceeds 400 °C. At a wavelength of 1 550 nm, the refractive index, the birefringence, and the optical loss of the sol‐gel materials are found to be in the ranges of 1.4568–1.4876, −0.0003–0.0029, and 0.34–0.45 dB · cm−1, respectively.Zero mode birefringence (TE: solid, TM: dash dot) of sol‐gel materials (PFSI/TFVOSI/MSI = 6:1:3) (TE and TM represent polarization perpendicular and parallel to the plane of incidence, respectively).magnified imageZero mode birefringence (TE: solid, TM: dash dot) of sol‐gel materials (PFSI/TFVOSI/MSI = 6:1:3) (TE and TM represent polarization perpendicular and parallel to the plane of incidence, respectively).
A general representation of left‐handed materials using LC‐loaded transmission lines
Authors: Qin Yao , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: August 2006

AbstractLC‐loaded transmission lines and composite right/left‐handed (CRLH) LC circuits have been applied to generate equivalent left‐handed materials (LHM). In this paper, we propose a general representation of LHM using the mixture of CRLH circuits and transmission lines, along with the corresponding design formulations. The proposed structure can be easily used to produce an equivalent medium with the permittivity −ε0 and permeability −μ0 consisting of a small loss and retardation, which cannot be realized by previous structures with the microstrip lines in practice. This is very important to verify some LHM experiments such as the LHM superlens and electromagnetic‐wave localization. Circuit simulations have been conducted to test the validity of the general structure. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2167–2171, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21883
T‐shaped slot antenna for 2.4/5.2 GHz WLAN operation
Authors: Liang Xian‐Ling , Zhong Shun‐Shi , Li Chun‐Hui 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA simple T‐shaped slot antenna for dual‐band wireless local area network (WLAN) application is presented. The T‐shaped slot fed by a rectangular patch produces two resonant frequencies for 2.4‐GHz‐band and 5.2‐GHz‐band operation. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna are 650 MHz centered at 2.51 GHz and 640 MHz centered at 5.29 GHz for VSWR[b]≤2, and the measured gains are better than 4.55 and 5.24 dBi for both bands, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2156–2158, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21892
Distributed hybrid‐fiber Raman amplifiers with a section of nonlinear microstructured optical fiber
Authors: Liu Yan‐ge , Wang Chao , Sun Tingting , Li Yan , Wang Zhi , Zhang Chunshu , Kai Guiyun , Dong Xiaoyi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA distributed hybrid‐fiber Raman amplifier with a 25‐km single‐mode fiber and a section of nonlinear microstructured optical fiber (NMOF) is proposed and experimentally investigated in detail. Three pump schemes and span configurations, as well as two NMOF types with different parameters and length were considered. The influence of the NMOF presence on the performance of the amplifier was analyzed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2267–2271, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21901
A novel microstrip lowpass filter having two transmission zeros to get sharp attenuation and wide stopband
Authors: Mo Jingyan , Liu Wei , Ma Zhewang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel microstrip four‐pole lowpass filter with compact size and excellent frequency property. Two transmission zeros are introduced in its stopband. The first transmission zero is produced nearby the passband and makes a sharp rate of attenuation. The second transmission zero is introduced to increase significantly the stopband width. The positions of the two transmission zeros can be adjusted easily. Although it has a smaller number of circuit elements and a lower insertion loss, the filter shows a frequency response better than that of a five‐pole elliptic function filter. The measured filtering characteristics of the filter agree excellently with the simulated results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2253–2256, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21902
Internal PIFAs for UMTS/WLAN/WiMAX multi‐network operation for a USB dongle
Authors: Su Wei‐Cheng , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTwo kinds of internal planar inverted‐F antennas (PIFAs) suitable for application in a USB dongle for UMTS/WLAN/WiMAX multi‐network operation are presented. The first one is a hybrid PIFA consisting of a metal‐plate portion and a printed portion, while the second one is a printed PIFA. Both the hybrid and printed PIFAs are suitable to be mounted at the top no‐ground region of the USB dongle as internal antennas and can generate two wide bandwidths at about 2.3 and 5.5 GHz to cover the UMTS (1920–2170 MHz), WLAN (2400–2484/5150–5350/5725–5825 MHz) and WiMAX (2500–2690/5150–5850 MHz) bands for seamless wireless network access. Detailed designs of the two PIFAs are described, and results of their impedance and radiation characteristics are presented and discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2249–2253, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21903
A compact‐size circularly polarized antenna using low‐loss alumina substrates
Authors: Tseng Ching‐Fang , Huang Cheng‐Liang , Hsu Allen 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA compact‐size circularly polarized antenna is investigated by employing high‐permittivity and low‐loss substrate (i.e., high Q × f value) for 2.5‐GHz application. The antenna was individually fabricated on nano‐Al2O3 (εr = 9.7, Q × f value of 500,000 GHz) and Al2O3 (εr = 9.7, Q × f value of 200,000 GHz) substrates. The high‐permittivity and low‐loss ceramic substrate (nano‐Al2O3 substrate) was used to reduce the microstrip antenna dimension on patch size. In addition, the ceramic substrate was studied for broadening the 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth [circular polarization (CP) bandwidth]. The obtained CP bandwidth is about 80 MHz (∼3.2%) at 2.5 GHz. The proposed antenna occupies a size of 23.4 × 23.4 × 4 mm3 and obtains the operation bandwidth of about 90.96 MHz. Good antenna gain and CP radiation patterns have also been observed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2317–2320, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21909
Spectrum equalization employing reshaping filter to improve ask signal quality in combined FSK/ASK modulation scheme
Authors: Xiangjun Xin , André P. S. , Teixeira A. L. J. , Ferreira Ana , Silveira Tiago , Monteiro P. M. , da Rocha F. , Pinto J. L. , Chaogong Deng 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA simple, economical, and applicable spectrum equalization method is implemented by employing a reshaping filter combined in frequency‐shift‐keying/amplitude‐shift‐keying modulation scheme, to improve the quality of amplitude‐shift‐keying optical signal. 2.39 dB improvement of Q factor is experimentally demonstrated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2208–2210, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21921
Optimized synthesis of a miniaturized SARSAT band pre‐fractal antenna
Authors: Azaro R. , Donelli M. , Franceschini D. , Zeni E. , Massa A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe design and miniaturization of a monopolar antenna for 406 MHz SARSAT radio beacons is presented. By considering a pre‐fractal structure, the geometrical configuration of the antenna, printed on a planar dielectric substratum, is optimized by means of a particle swarm optimizer in order to minimize the geometrical dimensions of the device and to fit voltage standing wave ratio values defined in the SARSAT standard. The effectiveness of the synthesis approach as well as the feasibility of the designed antenna is assessed through simulations as well as experimental measurements. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2205–2207, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21922
CPW‐FED broadband G‐shaped monopole antenna for WLAN applications
Authors: Kim Sunghun , Choi Junho , Kim Youngsik 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA novel G‐shaped antenna with a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed is proposed. The advantages of a CPW feed are to simplify the antenna structure with a single metallic level and reduce the antenna size. Operating resonant modes of the proposed antenna are related to the length of two folded monopoles. A face‐to‐face structure of two folded monopoles is yielded to broaden the lower and upper bands. The measured return loss, radiation patterns, and gains are presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2310–2311, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21924
Transmission properties of microstrip lines loaded with split ring resonators as superstrate
Authors: Anandan C. K. , Nimisha C. S. , Jitha B. , Mohanan P. , Vasudevan K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe propagation characteristics of a microstrip line loaded with an array of split ring resonators (SRRs) as superstrate is investigated. The presence of SRRs over the microstrip line leads to an effective negative permeability in a narrow band, where signal propagation is inhibited. The width and attenuation of the rejected frequency band depends on the height of the superstrate as well as its relative position with respect to the microstrip line. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2280–2282, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21927
Doubly periodic rectangular waveguide
Authors: Dong Tian‐lin , Chen Ping 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBased on Floquet theorem and Maxwell's equations, the governing five‐term recurrence relation is derived for doubly periodic (DP) waveguide. Its dispersion curve is calculated. Schemes to realize DP waveguide are discussed. Measured date on a model are introduced to establish the proposed concept and the dual‐mode characteristics of DP waveguide as a fundamental transmission line. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2277–2280, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21928
Dual‐band bandpass filter using defected ground structure
Authors: Ho Ka‐Meng , Pang Hoi‐Kai , Tam Kam‐Weng 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA new I‐shaped defected ground structure (DGS) is used to relocate the microstrip resonator's second harmonic at the proximity of the fundamental passband to realize dual‐band bandpass filter. This DGS is validated by a compact dual‐band bandpass filter at 1.44 and 2.35 GHz with simulations and measurements. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2259–2261, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21929