bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal jaundice in ‘healthy’ very low birthweight infants
Authors: TAN K. L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe daily bilirubin levels during the first week of life in 94 premature very low birthweight (VLBW, < 1500g) relatively ‘healthy’ infants were determined. Mean daily bilirubin values peaked on the fourth day of life at 188.1 μmol/l (s.e.m. = 5.3). Twenty‐eight infants developed hyperbilirubinaemia (bilirubin > 260 μmol/l), at which time they were exposed to phototherapy. When individual peak bilirubin values were evaluated, the overall peak value was 213.9 μmol/l (s.e.m. = 5.1) occurring at 4.81 days (s.e.m. = 0.11), although the value is most likely an underestimate, since the 28 pre‐phototherapy values were not truly peak values. Seventy‐six (81%) infants experienced bilirubin levels > 170 μmol/l. The method of delivery apparently had no impact on the bilirubin levels.All the infants remained well and progressed satisfactorily.‘Healthy’ VLBW infants experience a much greater incidence and severity of neonatal jaundice than mature infants with the same clinical status.
The neonatal recognition of partial 11q trisomy (previously ‘Trisomy 22′)
Authors: PATTEMORE P. K. , SHAW R. L , GUNN T. R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe recognition of chromosomal abnormalities in the neonatal period is important. Paediatricians should be aware that the partial Trisomy 22’(now partial 11 q trisomy) syndrome has a recognizable phenotypic expression and is relatively common. The distinctive fades with a long philtrum, micrognathia, beaked nose and deft palate, associated with hypotonia and other congenital abnormalities, should make early postnatal diagnosis possible so that parental counselling can be given without delay.
Attitudes of Australian neonatal paediatricians to the treatment of extremely preterm infants
Authors: GARIS C. DE , KUHSE H. , SINGER P. , YU V. Y. H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA questionnaire survey was carried out to identify areas of consensus or disagreement in the attitudes and practices of Australian neonatal paediatricians with regard to the treatment of extremely preterm infants. Considerable variation was found in the estimated chances of survival and disability among respondents. The majority of neonatal paediatricians advocated prompt resuscitation and initiation of neonatal intensive care at birth, although all believed life‐support treatment should be withdrawn in those instances where medical complications develop resulting in near certainty of death or life with total incapacity. The predominant view was for parents to be involved in the decision‐making process for withdrawal of life‐support and for the neonatal intensive care policy to be made known to the parents. Information from this survey which raised concerns included the variability in the estimate of the potential for survival, the lack of relevance of the law to everyday practices in the neonatal intensive care units, the small minority of respondents who felt that life‐and‐death decisions should be made by medical staff alone, and the reluctance of some neonatal paediatricians to inform parents about the policies of their unit.
Pattern of glomerulonephritis in Chinese population: The effect of renal biopsy on the therapeutic decision
Authors: LAI K. N. , LAI F. M. , CHAN K. W. , AU T. C. , TAM A. , LEUNG N. K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA retrospective analysis of 190 consecutive renal biopsies was undertaken to assess the pattern of glomerulonephritis in Chinese, and the role of renal biopsy in paediatric nephrology. Minimal change nephropathy, IgA nephropathy and membranous nephropathy comprised 41%, 16% and 13% of primary glomerular diseases, respectively. Minimal change nephropathy accounted for only 61% of patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. In 76 patients the provisional clinicopathological diagnosis was shown to be incorrect or uncertain, and correct diagnosis was made solely on histologtcal examination. In 47 cases a substantial change in therapy occurred on the basis of biopsy results. These data suggest that the practice of renal biopsy in paediatric nephrology performed appropriately in carefully selected patients is a useful procedure.
The contribution of the paediatrician and psychiatrist to the management of the child, adolescent and his family — A paediatrician's viewpoint
Authors: MENAHEM S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn overview highlighting the important contribution of the paediatrician to the psychological care of his patients and their families is presented. He is expected to be competent in his role of diagnosing and managing the physical disorders of his patients; in addition, the complete paediatrician needs to acquire skills in assessing and treating primary developmental and behavioural disorders, and in preventing and managing secondary emotional difficulties which may arise because of minor or major physical illness.The paediatrician may work in collaboration with the psychiatrist in managing children with psychosomatic disorders, and refer directly to the psychiatrist those children with psychoses and conduct disorders. For the rest, especially those who present with somatic symptomatology without organic findings, the psychologically minded paediatrician needs to understand the symptom and the child within the context of his family. Such an understanding may enable the paediatrician to treat the child himself or alternatively prepare his patient for a psychiatric referral, if appropriate.Issues of training of the paediatrician in the acquisition of these listening skills are discussed, emphasizing the additional need for self‐directed independent learning. The important preventive role of the paediatrician is emphasized.
Children's understanding of cystic fibrosis
Authors: HARBORD M. G. , CROSS D. G. , BOTICA F. , MARTIN A. J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSixty‐one children aged 4–18 years with cystic fibrosis were interviewed about their understanding of the illness and their attitude towards it. Responses were compared across three age groups: 4–6 years, 7–11 years and 12–18 years, corresponding to Piagetian stages of cognitive development. While there was an obvious progression in knowledge with advancing age, the children's attitude to their illness and therapy varied remarkably between age groups. Those in the 4–6 year group were more positive about themselves and about the effect of therapy than those in the older groups. More than half knew that they were bom with the illness, in contrast to published reports of healthy children's concepts of illness causation for this age group. Children in the 7–11 year group were least likely to feel better after therapy and were least likely to mention anything positive about having cystic fibrosis, despite having a higher mean Schwachman clinical score than those in the oldest group.
Control of nephroblastoma: Associated hypertension and polydipsia by captopril
Authors: SUTHERS G. K. , ROY L. P. , STEVENS M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA child with nephroblastoma, severe hypertension, polydipsia, and polyuria is presented. Previous reports of this association describe great difficulty in controlling the hypertension by medical means. Captopril provided prompt and continuing control of this child's hypertension and allowed for optimal preparation prior to surgery.
Neonatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A case report and family study
Authors: WEINTRAUB R. G. , SWINBURN M. J. , LEE L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn infant of a diabetic mother is described with severe neonatal hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Commencement of regular intravenous propranolol was associated with marked clinical improvement. Long‐term oral propranolol was continued and at 12 months of age there was complete resolution of the cardiomyopathy.Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy hypertrophy was present in two other generations of this family. The results of family screening and tissue typing are presented, with the suggestion that tissue typing may be a useful tool in the assessment of doubtful cases in certain affected families.
Wilms' tumour with acquired von Willebrand's disease
Authors: HAN P. , LOU J. , WONG H. B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA young infant with Wilms' tumour was found to have acquired von Willebrand's syndrome but no bleeding symptoms. Neither parent of the infant had evidence of von Willebrand's syndrome. Postoperatively, after removal of the tumour, factor VIII complex levels returned to normal. The mechanism of the acquired von Willebrand's syndrome was unclear. No evidence was found of an inhibitor of factor VIII complex or entrapment of factor VIII in the tumour.
Parenteral absorption of insulin from the lung in diabetic children
Authors: ELLIOTT R. B. , EDGAR B. W. , PILCHER C. C. , QUESTED C. , McMASTER J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSemi‐synthetic human insulin was delivered via a novel nebulizer to the respiratory tracts of six diabetic children. Blood glucose control obtained was at least as good as a control day when they received their usual dose of subcutaneous insulin.
Temporal clustering of transient erythroblastopenia (cytopenia) of childhoood
Authors: BERESFORD C. H. , MACFARLANE S. D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA temporal cluster of four cases of transient childhood erythroblastopenia is described. In all cases there was an associated transient neutropenia and in one case a transient mild thrombocytopenia. In all cases reticulo‐endothelial iron overload was a prominent feature but there was no evidence of a pre‐existing chronic haemolytic state. All children made a full recovery with only supportive treatment, although in three cases blood transfusion was necessary.
Hypereosinophilia syndrome with pneumonia in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: TAN AH MOY , DOWNIE P. J. , EKERT H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractEosinophilic pneumonia in association with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is very rare. A teenage boy is described with eosinophilic pneumonia which preceded by several months the onset of ALL. Prior to establishment of the diagnosis he had been treated with corticosteroids with a transient response only. This delayed his final diagnosis until there were haematologic features of leukaemia. The teukaemic blasts were cALLA (CD10) positive and had a normal chromosome number with no translocations on banding studies. The pneumonia remitted rapidly when his leukaemia responded to chemotherapy.
Uptake of 99mTc Pertechnetate in a partial volvulus of the proximal jejunal loop
Authors: JOST G. M. , FOWLER R. , ANDREWS J. T. , LICHTENSTEIN M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHigh uptake of Technetium‐99m Pertechnetate (99mTcO4) in situations unrelated to the presence of acid‐secreting gastric cells has attracted recent attention. A 10 year old white girl, investigated for the possible presence of a Meckel's diverticulum, was found to have a partial volvulus of the proximal jejunal loop that exhibited intense localization of Technetium‐99rn Pertechnetate.
Vietnamese child health in a Hong Kong closed camp
Authors: SAMUDA G. M. , CHAN S. P. , YEUNG C. Y. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractVietnamese refugees arriving in Hong Kong since 1982 have been confined to restricted areas. In this study, 241 children in one of these areas were screened to identify their health status. Using NCHS standards, 48% were found to be below the fifth percentile for both weight‐for‐age and height‐for‐age. Anaemia was found in 8% and hepatitis B antigenaemia in 25%. Intestinal parasites were identified in 62% of faecal specimens and 26% of these contained more than one parasite. Although all children had received BCG, 41% had a negative PPD skin test. Chronic bacterial skin infections, lice and otitis media with perforation were identified as other common problems. Screening of this population revealed a high prevalence of health problems, some of which would respond to appropriate public health measures.
Long‐term study on T lymphocyte subsets in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: CHIARELLI F. , BLASETTI A. , VERROTTI A. , ANICHINI M. , MORGESE G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractT lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood from 16 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic children were studied prospectively at four time intervals: as soon as possible after diagnosis and 1, 4 and 12 months later. T lymphocyte subsets were analysed using monoclonal antibodies and counted by cytofluorimetry. The percentage of T lymphocytes (OKT3+ cells) did not change at the four study times. The percentage of helper/inducer T cells (OKT4+ cells) was high at the diagnosis (43.1 ± 2.1%), but decreased after 1 and 4 months with no difference in the control values. The percentage of suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes (OKT8+ cells) was low at the diagnosis, but increased after 1 and 4 months. The OKT4/OKT8 ratio was 2.31 ± 0.22 at the diagnosis study, decreasing to 1.83 after 1 month, compared with 16 sex‐ and age‐matched control children. The high percentage of helper/inducer T lymphocytes and low number of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells at onset of diabetes favour immune reactions that lead to β‐cell damage.
The selenium status of children with phenylketonuria: Results of selenium supplementation
Authors: LIPSON A. , MASTERS H. , O'HALLORAN M. , THOMPSON S. , COVENEY J. , YU J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe selenium status of children with phenylketonuria on a synthetic low phenylalanine diet was assessed. Correlation between blood selenium and red cell glutathione peroxidase was unsatisfactory (r= 0.65) due to the poor discrimination of red cell glutathione peroxidase with a low selenium diet. No symptoms of deficiency were observed. Supplementation with 50 μg per week of selenium as brewers yeast tablets over a period of 6 months significantly increased the blood selenium of the phenylketonuric children. Plasma Vitamin E levels were within normal limits. The supplementation effectively doubled their selenium intake to 15–17 μg per day, which is probably sufficient for this group with an adequate Vitamin E status, though considerably lower than the recommended minimum intake of 50 μg per day.
A better guideline on milk requirements for babies below 6 months
Authors: LEUNG S. S. F. , LUI S. , LO L. , DAVIES D. P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe volume of infant formula required for babies below the age of 6 months continues to pose problems both for parents and child health care workers. To investigate this, about 150 bottle‐fed babies were studied every 2 months from birth for their milk intake and weight gain. They were fed on demand with full strength infant formula and weaning was started at about 4 months. Weight gain was normal, with growth patterns comparable to Cambridge babies. The mean (s.d.) daily milk volumes in millilitres consumed were: 582 (144), 847 (163), 851 (176), 812 (219) at 7 days, 2, 4 and 6 months, respectively. With such a wide range of milk intake at each age, it would be inappropriate and misleading to provide a single mean recommended volume. Thus, percentile values are suggested as a better guideline for recommended intake. Estimation was made for the volume of milk required if milk was the sole source of energy for the first 6 months.
A case of cardiovascular collapse due to adrenal insufficiency
Authors: WALKER C. , BUTT W. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA 6 year old boy presented with cardiogenic shock following a mild gastroenteritis‐like illness. He was subsequently found to have adrenal failure secondary to adrenoleucodystrophy. Despite adequate corticosteroid replacement and intensive cardiorespiratory support, progressive cardiac failure occurred and the patient died. High levels of endogenous catecholamines may be toxic to the myocardium in the absence of sufficient corticosteroid.
Clinical spectrum and outcome of neonatal convulsions
Authors: TUDEHOPE D. I. , HARRIS A. , HAWES D. , HAYES M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract The clinical spectrum and outcome of neonatal convulsions within an obstetric hospital population were reviewed for the 5 years, 1978–82, inclusive. There were 156 convulsing neonates managed at the Mater Mothers Hospital (110 inborn, 46 outborn). The incidence of early neonatal convulsions for inborn babies was 3.0/1000 live births. Antenatal and perinatal risk factors were compared between the 156 convulsing infants and the 36 082 infants born during the same period who did not convulse. The leading risk factors for convulsions were prematurity, intra‐uterine growth retardation, low 5 min Apgar score, pre‐eclampsia, antepartum haemorrhage, twin pregnancy and breech presentation. The predominant seizure type was tonic in 28.6%, multifocal clonic in 27.2%, subtle in 18.4%, myoclonic in 15.0% and focal clonic in 8.8%. Mortality (31%) and long‐term disability (43%) rates were high. Tonic seizures had the highest mortality and morbidity. Throughout the duration of the study period infants received increasingly thorough investigation. Causative factors were determined in 95% of convulsing infants, most frequent being hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (40.3%) and cerebroventricular haemorrhage (30.5%).Follow‐up data on 99 of the 107 survivors (93%) revealed severe disability in 25, moderate disability in eight and mild disability in 10. A poor long‐term prognosis was associated with prolonged convulsions, tonic and multifocal clonic convulsions, convulsions due to asphyxia and cerebroventricular haemorrhage and an abnormal neurological examination at discharge.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia in females with viriiized genitalia: The problem of delayed diagnosis
Authors: LUTHRA M. , HUTSON J. M. , WARNE G. L. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Six girls with the non‐salt‐losing form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia are described. Diagnosis was delayed in five, the range of ages of diagnosis being 19 months‐7 years. In the sixth, despite early diagnosis and medical treatment, surgery was delayed electively until she was 3 years old. The five in whom diagnosis was delayed were all viriiized with a markedly advanced bone age and reduced adult height prognosis. Diagnosis was delayed for a variety of reasons: misinterpretation of laboratory data (one), lack of availability of medical assistance (one), language problems (one), maternal inexperience (one), and failure of the doctor to recognize an obvious clinical abnormality (one).All six children came from immigrant families, and all except one was born in a major centre. None was born before 1979.
Postnatal age at time of death in infants born at 24‐32 weeks’gestation
Authors: LESLIE G. I. , ARNOLD J. D. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Medical records of all 483 infants live‐born at 24‐32 weeks’gestation in our hospital during the years 1982‐86 were reviewed in order to determine postnatal age at time of death for those who died in the first year after birth. Twenty‐seven died from immaturity without receiving intensive care and 11 died from lethal congenital malformations. Eighty (18%) of the remaining 445 who received intensive care died: 31% on day 1, 45% on days 2‐7, 12% on days 8‐28 and 11% on days 29‐365. The neonatal mortality rate for those receiving intensive care was 160/1000, and the postneonatal mortality rate was 20/1000.Delayed mortality was most common in infants of 26‐27 weeks’gestation, with 20% (five) of their deaths occurring after 28 days. In each gestational age range, the majority of hospital admission days were occupied by survivors (24‐25 weeks = 62%; 26‐27 weeks = 91%; 28‐29 weeks = 91%; 30‐32 weeks = 99%) rather than non‐survivors.Whilst postneonatal mortality is a significant concern, these data suggest that if infants born at less than 33 weeks’gestation are offered intensive care and survive the early neonatal period, the long‐term outcome is more likely to be survival rather than delayed death. Furthermore, the majority of hospital admission days invested in such infants involves those who will be discharged home rather than those who will not.
The value of C‐reactive protein measurement in the diagnosis of neonatal infection
Authors: SEIBERT K. , YU V. Y. H. , DOERY J. C. G. , EMBURY D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe examined whether serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) measurements used in conjunction with leucocyte counts help in the diagnosis of perinatally acquired and nosocomial infections in very preterm newborn infants. One hundred and twenty‐five infants born at a gestational age between 23 and 31 weeks with respiratory distress were studied at birth. A similar group of 85 infants beyond 3 days of age were also studied on 100 occasions for suspected infection. The diagnosis of proven or probable infection was correlated with abnormal haematology (leucopenia <5000/mm3, leucocytosis >20 000/mm3 or ratio of immature forms to total neutrophils of >0.2) and an elevated CRP (>10 mg/L) singly or in combination. The sensitivity of an elevated CRP was relatively higher than abnormal haematology in both early and late infections and the sensitivity was highest when either test was abnormal. Similarly, the specificity, positive and negative predictive values and efficiency of an elevated CRP was relatively higher than abnormal haematology. The performance of the tests in 45 infants born at 23‐28 weeks gestation was similar to that in 80 infants born at 29‐31 weeks gestation. It was concluded that both CRP and leucocyte counts should be determined as they provide valuable information in the diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infection.
A study of periventricular haemorrhage, post‐haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation and periventricular leucomalacia in Chinese preterm infants
Authors: FOK T‐F. , DAVIES D‐ P. , NG H‐K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSerial cranial ultrasound scans were performed in 178 preterm Chinese infants (gestation <35 weeks, birthweight <2000 g) to study the incidence, age of onset and associating risk factors of periventricular haemorrhage (PVH), and also the occurrence of post‐haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation and periventricular leucomalacia (PVL). Sixty‐four infants developed haemorrhage, giving an incidence of 36%. Among infants of birthweight <1500 and <1000 g the respective incidence was 52 and 69%. Seventy‐two per cent (46 of 64) of haemorrhages were initially detected within the first 3 days of life, but delayed haemorrhage occurring after 1 week of age occurred in nine infants. In eight of these infants PVH had been shortly preceded by a major clinical disaster. Eleven perinatal factors were found to be significantly associated with PVH but only systemic hypotension showed a significant independent association. Post‐haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation developed in 17 (46%) of the 37 infants who survived for more than 1 month after PVH. This was transient in 41%, persistent but stable in 29% and progressive in 29%. PVL was detected in eight infants who survived the initial period following PVH.
Multiple hornet (Vespa orientalis) stings with fatal outcome in a child
Authors: KORMAN S.H. , JABBOUR S. , HARARI M. D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA case of multiple hornet stings is described with a rapidly fatal course due to the combination of massive haemolysis, coagulopathy, rhabdomyolysis, hyperkalaemia, acute renal failure, encephalopathy, hepatotoxicity and hyperglycaemia. These features of systemic envenomation can all be attributed to the toxic properties of Oriental hornet venom described in In vitro and in vivo experimental studies. Greater awareness of these features, aggressive treatment of hyperkalaemia and early institution of treatments such as peritoneal dialysis and plasma exchange may prevent fatalities in such cases.