bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic mechanical properties of paper containing a polyacrylamide dry‐strength resin additive and its distribution within a fiber wall: Effect of the application method
Authors: Mihara Ichiro , Yamauchi Tatsuo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLaboratory handsheets made from lightly beaten hardwood kraft pulp containing various amounts of cationic‐type polyacrylamide (PAM) dry‐strength resin were prepared by both internal and external application methods. We performed the internal application by adding a dilute aqueous PAM solution to a pulp fiber suspension, whereas we performed the external application by dipping a dry paper (handsheet) into an aqueous PAM solution and further squeezing it out with or without the standard wet press. Attenuated total reflection/Fourier transform infrared analysis combined with a gradual etching method was used to clarify the difference in the depth profiles of PAM within a fiber wall between these application methods. For the internal application method, PAM existed, on the whole, mainly close to the fiber surface and slightly distributed from the fiber surface toward the center of the fiber wall. On the other hand, for the external application method, PAM existed mainly on the fiber surface and around the fiber‐to‐fiber bonds. Dynamic mechanical properties of the papers containing PAM were measured at temperatures ranging from 100 to 300°C and at the various frequencies. In case of addition by the internal method, no characteristic viscoelasticity of PAM appeared. On the other hand, external method addition at the nearly same retention level of PAM gave the characteristic viscoelasticity. These findings suggest following things: when cationic‐type PAM dry‐strength resin was applied by the internal method, the PAM distributes within the fiber wall in a molecularly dispersed state. The induced state of PAM within the fiber wall, with no existence of a phase of PAM, led to the disappearance of the viscoelasticity of the PAM. On the other hand, the external application method brought about the PAM distribution around the fiber‐to‐fiber bonds and over the fiber surface. The induced state of PAM, the existence of a kind of PAM phase, led to the appearance of the viscoelasticity of the PAM itself. Dynamic mechanical analysis may be a good method for examining whether PAM is molecularly distributed or making aggregates in paper and other polymer composites. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Reaction pathway and product analysis for hydroxyalkylation of urea and N,N‐bis(2‐hydroxypropyl)urea with propylene carbonate
Authors: Zarzyka‐Niemiec Iwona 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe hydroxyalkylation of urea and N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxypropyl)urea (BHPU) with propylene carbonate (PC) was studied by spectral analysis of oligomeric products using 1H‐NMR, IR and MALDI ToF methods. During the hydroxypropylation the carbonate groups in a product are partially preserved. Additionally, the hydroxypropyl groups of urea derivatives undergo partially dimerization to give carbamate groups. The obtained derivatives posses enhanced thermal stability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Material ductility and toughening mechanism of polypropylene blended with bimodal distributed particle size of styrene–ethylene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer at high strain rate
Authors: Mae Hiroyuki , Omiya Masaki , Kishimoto Kikuo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe material ductility and toughening mechanisms under high strain rate are characterized in the polypropylene (PP) blended with two different styrene–ethylene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS) by the tensile tests at the nominal strain rates from 0.3 to 100 s−1, fracture surface observations, interparticle distances, and the morphological finite element (FE) analyses. It is found that the bimodal‐distributed SEBS particle morphology enhances the impact material ductility by craze bands formation, which is caused by the stress interaction between large rubber particles with the highly elongated small rubber particles inside the fibrils of the craze. It is found that there are three conditions for craze bands formation. The first condition is that the total SEBS content is larger than 15 wt %. Second condition is that the weight ratio of small SEBS particles against total SEBS particles should be larger than 0.06. Third condition is that the interparticle distance of large SEBS particles should be larger than 100 nm. In the numerical aspects, the present constitutive law with the craze nucleation and growth can successfully predict the craze bands in the microstructural FE models, leading to the useful procedure for identifying the ductile brittle transition based on the microstructure. The synergistic effect of these rubber particles gives rise to a strong increase in the ductility of these bimodal rubber particle distributed PP systems. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Thermoplastic elastomers based on compatibilized poly(butylene terephthalate) blends: Effect of functional groups and dynamic curing
Authors: Shi Q. , Stagnaro P. , Cai C.‐L. , Yin J.‐H. , Costa G. , Turturro A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTwo sets of graft copolymers were prepared by grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) or allyl (3‐isocyanate‐4‐tolyl) carbamate (TAI) onto ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymer (EPDM) in an internal mixer. These graft copolymers were used as the compatibilizer to prepare the thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) containing 50 wt % of poly(butylene terephthalate), PBT, 30 wt % of compatibilizer, and 20 wt % of nitrile‐butadiene rubber, NBR. The indirect, two‐step mixer process was chosen for dynamic curing. The TPEs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, tensile testing, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. It was found that this kind of TPEs possess enhanced toughness and stiffness when compared with the mechanical properties of binary blend EPDM/PBT; the compatibility between EPDM and PBT was improved when grafted EPDMs were used; EPDM‐g‐GMA and EPDM‐g‐TAI showed similar effects on the morphology and ultimate mechanical properties of TPEs. The indirect dynamic vulcanization has negative effect on the reactive compatibilization. Both indirect dynamic vulcanization and reactive compatibilization were crucial to obtain droplets of dispersed rubber phase in a continuous thermoplastic matrix. The above results are important for academic knowledge and industry applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
GSM base stations: Short‐term effects on well‐being
Authors: Augner Christoph , Florian Matthias , Pauser Gernot , Oberfeld Gerd , Hacker Gerhard W. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of short‐term GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) cellular phone base station RF‐EMF (radiofrequency electromagnetic fields) exposure on psychological symptoms (good mood, alertness, calmness) as measured by a standardized well‐being questionnaire. Fifty‐seven participants were selected and randomly assigned to one of three different exposure scenarios. Each of those scenarios subjected participants to five 50‐min exposure sessions, with only the first four relevant for the study of psychological symptoms. Three exposure levels were created by shielding devices in a field laboratory, which could be installed or removed during the breaks between sessions such that double‐blinded conditions prevailed. The overall median power flux densities were 5.2 µW/m2 during “low,” 153.6 µW/m2 during “medium,” and 2126.8 µW/m2 during “high” exposure sessions. For scenario HM and MH, the first and third sessions were “low” exposure. The second session was “high” and the fourth was “medium” in scenario HM; and vice versa for scenario MH. Scenario LL had four successive “low” exposure sessions constituting the reference condition. Participants in scenarios HM and MH (high and medium exposure) were significantly calmer during those sessions than participants in scenario LL (low exposure throughout) (P = 0.042). However, no significant differences between exposure scenarios in the “good mood” or “alertness” factors were obtained. We conclude that short‐term exposure to GSM base station signals may have an impact on well‐being by reducing psychological arousal. Bioelectromagnetics 30:73–80, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA hydration studied by pressure perturbation scanning microcalorimetry
Authors: Dragan A. I. , Russell D. J. , Privalov P. L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPressure perturbation differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine thermal expansion coefficients and thus temperature‐induced volume changes of DNA duplexes differing in their GC/AT content. It was shown that the temperature‐induced unfolding of the DNA duplexes proceeds with a significant increase of the thermal expansion coefficient and the partial volume of the DNA. Unusually, large temperature‐induced changes in the partial volume were observed for an AT‐rich dodecamer, a finding consistent with previous crystallographic studies showing the presence of highly ordered water molecules hydrating the minor groove of such duplexes. The data show that the density of this ordered water is substantially higher than that of the bulk water. This ordered water cannot, therefore, be equated to ice at normal pressures but it thermodynamically resembles ice formed at high pressures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 95–101, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
From parent education to collective action: ‘Childrearing with love’ in post‐war Guatemala
Authors: McMillan Anita Schrader , Burton Mark 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe paper discusses the implementation and effect of group‐based parenting workshops oriented by the principles of liberation psychology in a low‐income, hispanicized community in Guatemala City. The objective of this initiative was not only to improve outcomes in the parent–child relationship, but to galvanize the formation of community‐based support groups that could have multiple ends. The theoretical foundations of the project are introduced, before illustrating their practical application. Sixteen months post‐intervention, largely positive effects were being sustained in parent child relations. The project was also successful in generating social action through the formation of grass‐roots women's organizations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hard‐modeling of reaction kinetics by combining online spectroscopy and calorimetry
Authors: Imlinger Nicolas C. , Blattner Christian , Krell Manfred , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a method for combining spectroscopic and calorimetric data for kinetic parameter estimation. The target testing (TT) procedure for spectroscopic data is used together with a recently published least squares approach where the reaction power is fitted solely based on kinetic parameters. We propose to autoscale (i.e. to column‐wise mean center and divide by the column standard deviation) data and estimates and to combine the ‘autoscaled’ cost functions with appropriate weights. The weights are determined from the data. Simulations demonstrate how the calorimetric data also constrain the kinetic fit, and we apply the method to resolve the reaction kinetics of the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Altered olfactory epithelial structure and function in feline models of mucopolysaccharidoses I and VI
Authors: Lischka Fritz W. , Gomez George , Yee Karen K. , Dankulich‐Nagrudny Luba , Lo Leen , Haskins Mark E. , Rawson Nancy E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a family of lysosomal storage diseases resulting in developmental defects and, in some types, mental retardation and other neurological symptoms. To gain insight into the neurological dysfunction in MPS, we examined the morphology of olfactory epithelia (OE) and physiology of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in cat models of MPS I, a type in which neuronal lesions are prominent, and MPS VI, in which they are essentially absent. Histopathology showed that both groups of MPS‐affected cats had significantly thinner OE than controls. Although immature and mature ORNs were present in both MPS I and VI affected OE, the OE of MPS I‐affected cats was structurally disorganized. ORN function was assessed with calcium imaging and patch‐clamp recording. Few viable ORNs were recovered from MPS VI cats, but these exhibited normal responses to odors and pharmacological stimuli. In contrast, viable ORNs were as prevalent in MPS I as in controls but were significantly less likely to respond to odor stimuli, although other responses were normal. Disrupted OE organization and impaired ORN function in MPS I, but not MPS VI, corresponds to the central nervous system lesions found in MPS I but not MPS VI. These data represent the first neurophysiological correlate of this correspondence and have implications both for understanding the role of glycosaminoglycans in maintenance of the OE and for targeting further research into the basis for and treatment of the neurological consequences of MPS disorders. J. Comp. Neurol. 511:360–372, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Ice” use and eating disorders: A report of three cases
Authors: Neale Alice , Abraham Suzanne , Russell Janice 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective:To describe the use of crystal methamphetamine hydrochloride “ice,” a powerful, synthetic stimulant drug associated with rapid weight loss.Method:We report the first three cases of young women “ice” users requiring admission to a specialized eating disorders unit.Results:Case one had no prior history of an eating disorder and became emaciated following regular use of “ice”; she regarded weight gain positively. Case 2 had polysubstance abuse since early adolescence and commenced binge eating and vomiting in response to weight gain when not using “ice”; she learned to maintain her weight without weight losing behaviors. Case 3 developed anorexia nervosa in early adolescence, required numerous inpatient admissions and commenced using stimulant drugs for weight loss in her late teens; she discharged prematurely. All patients had features of personality disorder on interview and drug abuse had impaired their work and social adjustment.Discussion:“Ice” use may be associated with the onset of disordered eating or used as an efficient weight losing behavior in an established eating disorder. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009.
Vertical double‐gate MOSFET device technology
Authors: Masahara Meishoku , Liu Yongxun , Endo Kazuhiko , Matsukawa Takashi , Suzuki Eiichi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSilicon device technology is facing several difficulties. Especially, explosion of power consumption due to short‐channel effects (SCEs) becomes the biggest issue in further device scaling down. Fortunately, double‐gate (DG) MOSFETs have promising potential to overcome this obstacle. The DG‐MOSFET is recognized to be the most scalable MOSFET for its high SCE immunity. In addition, independent DG‐MOSFET (4T‐DG‐MOSFET) has great advantage to enable the threshold voltage control for the flexible power management. Through this work, we have realized ideal DG‐MOSFETs using newly developed vertical DG‐MOSFET device technology. This article examines the effectiveness of the vertical DG‐MOSFETs in future high‐performance and ultralow‐power CMOS circuits. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(1): 46– 51, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10021
Production of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles by using graphite arc discharge in Fe(OH)3 colloidal solution
Authors: Imasaka Kiminobu , Kanatake Yusuke , Suehiro Junya , Hara Masanori 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this study, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were produced by thermal treatment of Fe(OH)3 colloidal solution after graphite arc discharge in the solution. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the heat‐treated powders showed that magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (γ‐Fe2O3 or Fe3O4) were produced by the phase transformation from α‐Fe2O2 at the thermal treatment temperature over 500°C. The XRD pattern also indicated that the graphite powders produced by the arc discharge were contained in the Fe(OH)3 colloidal solution, suggesting that the graphite powders contributed to the reduction process of α‐Fe2O3. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(2): 55–62, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10024
Development of the research platform of small autonomous blimp robot
Authors: Takaya Toshihiko , Kawamura Hidenori , Yamamoto Masahito , Ohuchi Azuma 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBlimp robots are an attractive form of small flight robot because they are maintained aloft by buoyancy, are safe, require little energy and have relatively long flight times. The development of a general‐purpose blimp robot research platform allowing modular installation of a variety of hardware and software components will lower the barrier to the creation of new research projects and increase project efficiency. This paper describes the development of such a general‐purpose platform and the testing of its suitability for research use. Experiments performed on the platform included: (1) testing of position maintenance capabilities, and changeover from a PID control software module to a learning control module; (2) testing of the ease and effectiveness of exchanging one hardware module (a microphone) for another (a camera); (3) installation of a new hardware module (a microphone) along with an existing module (a camera); (4) testing of addition of functions and performance of a topologic map generation experiment with addition of an ultrasonic sensor. The effectiveness of information fusion combined with a layered software structure was demonstrated in the experiments, indicating that the newly developed platform will be effective in promoting research on blimp robots. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(2): 1–13, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10025
Removal of Gaussian noise from degraded images in wavelet domain
Authors: Li Yeqiu , Lu Jianming , Wang Ling , Yahagi Takakshi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObserved images are often corrupted by Gaussian noise. If the image is embedded in small‐amplitude Gaussian noise, the noise can be removed by applying a Wiener filter. Recently, the BayesShrink wavelet method has attracted considerable attention as a denoising technique. In this paper, we propose a method for removal of Gaussian noise of large amplitude as well as of small amplitude which cannot be removed only by exploiting the BayesShrink wavelet method. Our approach is a combination of the BayesShrink wavelet method with the directional adaptive center‐weighted median filter. Applying the proposed method to an image corrupted by large‐amplitude Gaussian noise, a clean image can be obtained. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(1): 11–18, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10029
Low‐energy irradiation effects of gas cluster ion beams
Authors: Houzumi Shingo , Takeshima Keigo , Mochiji Kozo , Toyoda Noriaki , Yamada Isao 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA cluster‐ion irradiation system with cluster‐size selection has been developed to study the effects of the cluster size for surface processes using cluster ions. A permanent magnet with a magnetic field of 1.2 T is installed for size separation of large cluster ions. Trace formations at HOPG surface by the irradiation with size‐selected Ar‐cluster ions under an acceleration energy of 30 keV were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. Generation behavior of the craterlike traces is strongly affected by the number of constituent atoms (cluster size) of the irradiating cluster ion. When the incident cluster ion is composed of 100 to 3000 atoms, craterlike traces are observed on the irradiated surfaces. In contrast, such traces are not observed at all with the irradiation of the cluster ions composed of over 5000 atoms. Such behavior is discussed on the basis of the kinetic energy per constituent atom of the cluster ion. To study GCIB irradiation effects on macromolecules, GCIB was irradiated on DNA molecules absorbed on graphite surface. Using GCIB irradiation, many more DNA molecules were sputtered away compared with the monomer‐ion irradiation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(2): 40–45, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10031
Chiral separation of the plant lignan matairesinol by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Müller Ulrike , Mrestani Yahya , Neubert Reinhard , Dräger Birgit 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLignans are dimeric phenylpropanoid compounds in plants that enjoy increasing medicinal interest because of their phytoestrogen activity. Lignans are chiral compounds and for most natural occurring lignans, chirality is not known. Separation of racemic matairesinol by CE in a non‐coated silica capillary with carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as chiral selector in phosphate buffer was successful. Electrolyte and selector concentrations and pH were systematically optimized in order to obtain baseline separation and short analysis times. Matairesinol from safflower fruit was determined as (−)‐enantiomer. Quantitation results for matairesinol with the optimized method after calibration with authentic lignan were very similar to those by HPLC. The limit of detection is 2 μg/mL sample by DAD detection.
Field‐amplified on‐line sample stacking for simultaneous enantioseparation and determination of some β‐blockers using capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Huang Lu , Lin Jin‐Ming , Yu Lishuang , Xu Liangjun , Chen Guonan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA capillary electrophoresis method using carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as the chiral selector and mixture of methanol and ethanol as the organic additive was successfully developed for the simultaneous enantioseparation and determination of six β‐blockers, namely, carteolol, atenolol, sotalol, metoprolol, esmolol and propranolol in this paper. The most suitable running buffer for enantioseparation was found to be the solution of 20 mmol/L NaH2PO4–Na2HOP4 (pH 5.5) containing 1.5% w/v carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, 5% v/v methanol and 5% v/v ethanol. Furthermore, field‐amplified sample injection as an on‐line sample stacking method was developed in order to increase the detection sensitivity. The experimental conditions for both simultaneous enantioseparation and the field‐amplified sample injection method had been investigated in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits (defined as S/N=3) of this method were 0.01, 0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 0.05 and 0.5 μg/mL for (±) carteolol, (±) atenolol, (±) sotalol, (±) metoprolol, (±) esmolol and (±) propranolol, respectively, which were much lower than those of the conventional methods. The enhancement factors were greatly improved by 25‐fold for the enantiomers of the β‐blockers except five‐fold for (±) propranolol. Eventually, the proposed method has been applied for the analysis of human serum sample.