bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mouse coat color mutations: From fancy mice to functional genomics
Authors: Steingrímsson Eiríkur , Copeland Neal G. , Jenkins Nancy A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMouse coat color mutations have a long history in biomedical research. The viable and visible phenotype of most coat color mutations has made the pigment cell, the melanocyte, an ideal system for genetic, molecular, and cellular analysis. Molecular cloning and analysis of many of the different coat color mutations have revealed the roles of a diverse range of genes, and today we know more about the pathways and proteins that regulate the development and function of pigment cells than we know about most other cell types in mammalian organisms. Coat color mutations have also provided novel insights into stem cell biology and human diseases, including melanoma. In the future, it will be important to build on this history and knowledge by taking advantage of the extensive repertoire of recently developed genome‐wide methodologies, available genomic information, and the powerful methods that have been developed for modifying the mouse genome to systematically dissect the development and function of this important cell type. The usefulness of coat color mutations has just begun to emerge. Developmental Dynamics 235:2401–2411, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Synthesis of Substituted Benzo[c]chromen‐6‐ones by a Suzuki Coupling and Lactonization Sequence Using Ionic Liquids – from Laboratory Scale to Multi‐Kilogram Synthesis
Authors: Kemperman Gerardus J. , Ter Horst B. , Van de Goor D. , Roeters T. , Bergwerff J. , Van der Eem R. , Basten J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA series of benzo[c]chromen‐6‐ones are prepared by a Suzuki coupling and lactonization sequence starting with 2‐methoxyphenylboronic acids and methyl 2‐bromobenzoate derivatives. The use of ionic liquids in this synthesis has been explored. It was found that the Suzuki coupling proceeds much faster when a catalytic amount of the ionic liquid [BMIM][PF6] is used. By using the Lewis acidic ionic liquids [BMIM][Al2Cl7] or [TMAH][Al2Cl7] the methyl 2‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)benzoate product obtained from the Suzuki coupling can be converted to benzo[c]chromen‐6‐ones in one step, while the conventional route involves three steps. The use of ionic liquids is demonstrated in the synthesis of a variety of benzo[c]chromen‐6‐ones. It is also shown that the application of ionic liquids is not limited to laboratory scale experiments, as a process was developed and performed on a multi‐kilogram scale. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The essential oil composition of Phlomis cretica C. Presl
Authors: Basta Andriani , Tzakou Olga , Couladis Maria 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe essential oils from the verticillasters and leaves of Phlomis cretica were analyzed by GC and GC‐MS. The main constituents of the verticillasters essential oil were germacrene D (34.0%) and germacrene B (11.0%). The leaf oil contained germacrene D (47.9%) and α‐pinene (11.2%) as major constituents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composition of essential oils of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don fil subsp. italicum from Tuscan archipelago islands
Authors: Paolini Julien , Desjobert Jean‐Marie , Costa Jean , Bernardini Antoine‐François , Castellini Cinzia Buti , Cioni Pier‐Luigi , Flamini Guido , Morelli Ivano 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe essential oils obtained by water distillation from the aerial parts of Helichrysum italicum subsp. italicum growing on Tuscan Archipelago Islands were analyzed by CG‐RI and CG‐MS. These oils were characterized by the predominance of oxygenated compounds and by a qualitatively homogeneous composition. However, according to the amounts of β‐diketones and neryl acetate, two chemical compositions were distinguished. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Jahn–Teller and pseudo‐Jahn–Teller effects in the anion photoelectron spectroscopy of B3 cluster
Authors: Venkatesan T. S. , Deepika K. , Mahapatra S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe photodetachment spectroscopy of B anion is theoretically studied with the aid of a quantum dynamical approach. The theoretical results are compared with the available experimental photoelectron spectra of B. Both B and B3 possess D3h symmetry at the equilibrium configuration of their electronic ground state. Distortion of B3 along its degenerate vibrational mode ν2 splits the degeneracy of its excited
$\widetilde{C}^2E^{\prime}$
electronic manifold and exhibits (E ⊗ e)‐Jahn–Teller (JT) activity. The components of the JT split potential energy surface form conical intersections, and they can also undergo pseudo‐Jahn–Teller (PJT) crossings with the $\widetilde{X}^2A_1^{\prime}$
electronic ground state of B3 via the degenerate ν2 vibrational mode. The impact of the JT and PJT interactions on the nuclear dynamics of B3 in its $\widetilde{X}^2A_1^{\prime}-\widetilde{C}^2E^{\prime}$
electronic states is examined here by establishing a diabatic model Hamiltonian. The parameters of the electronic part of this Hamiltonian are calculated by performing electronic structure calculations and the nuclear dynamics on it is simulated by solving quantum eigenvalue equation. The theoretical results are in good accord with the experimental data. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 1093–1100, 2006
Resilience in the face of potential trauma: Clinical practices and illustrations
Authors: Mancini Anthony D. , Bonanno George A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMany persons exposed to loss or potentially traumatic events manage the stresses of these experiences with minimal to no impact on their daily functioning. The prevalence of this resilient capacity has surprised researchers and clinicians alike and refocused clinical practice. We review three key points about resilience: resilience is different from the process of recovery; resilience in the face of loss or potential trauma is common; and there are multiple and sometimes unexpected pathways to resilience. We then present six clinical practices informed by the study of resilience, illustrating key points with clinical vignettes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 971–985, 2006.
Cognitive behavioral therapy for prolonged postdisaster distress
Authors: Hamblen Jessica L. , Gibson Laura E. , Mueser Kim T. , Norris Fran H. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn this article, we present and illustrate cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postdisaster distress. The treatment is for individuals who show more than normal transient stress after disaster and functions as an intermediate step between traditional crisis counseling and longer‐term mental health treatments. Thus, it is one part of a larger mental health disaster response and is designed to be implemented no sooner than 60 days post disaster. A clinical case demonstrates its process and technique in a community practice setting. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session.
Storminess variation during the last 6500 years as reconstructed from an ombrotrophic peat bog in Halland, southwest Sweden
Authors: Jong Rixt de , Björck Svante , Björkman Leif , Clemmensen Lars B. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCores taken from an ombrotrophic peat bog in the coastal zone of Halland, southwest Sweden, were examined for wind transported mineral grains, pollen and humidity indicators. The core covers the period from 6500 cal. yr BP to present. Ombrotrophic conditions existed from ca. 4200 cal. yr BP onwards. Bog surface wetness fluctuated strongly until ca. 3700 cal. yr BP, with an apparent dominance of dry summer conditions from 4800–4500 cal. yr BP. Local wet shifts occurred around 4300, 2800, 2400 and 1500 cal. yr BP, whereas the most recent 600 years of the record show increasingly dry conditions. Mineral grain content, interpreted as aeolian sand influx (ASI), was used as a proxy for (winter) storm frequency and intensity until ca. 1500 cal. yr BP, after which increasing human impact, as reconstructed by pollen analysis, became a second important potential cause for increased sand drift. Strongly increased storminess occurred at 4800, 4200, 2800–2200, 1500, 1100 and 400–50 cal. yr BP, indicating a dominance of cold and stormy winters during these periods. Many of these storm periods apparently coincide with storm events in other sites in southwestern Scandinavia, suggesting that our ASI record reflects a regional scale climatic signal. Furthermore these stormy periods correlate to well‐known cold phases in the North Atlantic region, suggesting a link to large‐scale fluctuations in atmospheric circulation patterns. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signaling networks controlled by the MRN complex and MDC1 during early DNA damage responses
Authors: Kim Ja‐Eun , Minter‐Dykhouse Katherine , Chen Junjie 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCells activate complex signaling networks in response to DNA damage. Several proteins and protein complexes are involved in sensing DNA lesions and initiating the DNA damage response networks. The subsequent DNA damage responses, including the initiation of DNA repair pathways, the activation of cell cycle checkpoint controls and the induction of apoptosis, help maintain genomic stability in mammalian systems. Failure to establish the appropriate DNA damage signaling networks results in genomic instability, which is a known causal factor in tumorigenesis. This review will discuss recent progress in the understanding of the mechanisms by which mammalian cells sense DNA lesions and transduce DNA damage signals during early DNA damage responses. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase‐contrast velocimetry with hyperpolarized 3He for in vitro and in vivo characterization of airflow
Authors: de Rochefort Ludovic , Maître Xavier , Fodil Redouane , Vial Laurence , Louis Bruno , Isabey Daniel , Croce Céline , Darrasse Luc , Apiou Gabriela , Caillibotte Georges , Bittoun Jacques , Durand Emmanuel 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis paper describes a technique that combines radial MRI and phase contrast (PC) to map the velocities of hyperpolarized gases (3He) in respiratory airways. The method was evaluated on well known geometries (straight and U‐shaped pipes) before it was applied in vivo. Dynamic 2D maps of the three velocity components were obtained from a 10‐mm slice with an in‐plane spatial resolution of 1.6 mm within 1 s. Integration of the in vitro through‐plane velocity over the slice matched the input flow within a relative precision of 6.4%. As expected for the given Reynolds number, a parabolic velocity profile was obtained in the straight pipe. In the U‐shaped pipe the three velocity components were measured and compared to a fluid‐dynamics simulation so the precision was evaluated as fine as 0.025 m s−1. The technique also demonstrated its ability to visualize vortices and localize characteristic points, such as the maximum velocity and vortex‐center positions. Finally, in vivo feasibility was demonstrated in the human trachea during inhalation. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Redox‐sensitive contrast agents for MRI based on reversible binding of thiols to serum albumin
Authors: Raghunand Natarajan , Jagadish Bhumasamudram , Trouard Theodore P. , Galons Jean‐Philippe , Gillies Robert J. , Mash Eugene A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDOTA‐based complexes of gadolinium (Gd) bearing a thiol moiety on a propyl or hexyl arm were synthesized. It was hypothesized that these complexes would form reversible covalent linkages with human serum albumin (HSA), which contains a reactive thiol at cysteine‐34. The binding constant of the hexyl complex to HSA was measured to be 64 mM−1 and decreased to 17, 6.1, and 3.6 mM−1 in the presence of 0.5, 1, and 2 mM homocysteine, respectively. The binding constant of the propyl complex to HSA was significantly lower (5.0 mM−1) and decreased to 2.0, 1.5, and 0.87 mM−1 in the presence of 0.5, 1, and 2 mM homocysteine, respectively. The longitudinal water‐proton relaxivities of the hexyl and propyl complexes at 37°C and 4.7 T were 2.3 and 2.9 mM−1 s−1, respectively, in saline. The relaxivities of the HSA‐bound forms of the hexyl and propyl complexes were calculated to be 5.3 and 4.5 mM−1 s−1, respectively. The in vivo pharmacokinetics of both thiol complexes were altered by a chase of homocysteine but not saline, while the washout of GdDTPA was unaffected by either chase. Such redox‐sensitive reversible binding of Gd complexes to plasma albumin can be exploited for imaging tissue redox and the blood‐pool by MRI. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Source of nonlinearity in echo‐time‐dependent BOLD fMRI
Authors: Jin Tao , Wang Ping , Tasker Michelle , Zhao Fuqiang , Kim Seong‐Gi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractStimulation‐induced changes in transverse relaxation rates can provide important insight into underlying physiological changes in blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast. It is often assumed that BOLD fractional signal change (ΔS/S) is linearly dependent on echo time (TE). This relationship was evaluated at 9.4 T during visual stimulation in cats with gradient‐echo (GE) and spin‐echo (SE) echo‐planar imaging (EPI). The TE dependence of GE ΔS/S is close to linear in both the parenchyma and large vessel area at the cortical surface for TEs of 6–20 ms. However, this dependence is nonlinear for SE studies in the TE range of 16–70 ms unless a diffusion‐weighting of b = 200 s/mm2 is applied. This behavior is not caused by inflow effects, T2* decay during data acquisition in SE‐EPI, or extravascular spin density changes. Our results are explained by a two‐compartment model in which the extravascular contribution to ΔS/S vs. TE is linear, while the intravascular contribution can be nonlinear depending on the magnetic field strength and TE. At 9.4 T, the large‐vessel IV signal can be minimized by using long TE and/or moderate diffusion weighting. Thus, stimulation‐induced relaxation rate changes should be carefully determined, and their physiological meanings should be interpreted with caution. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Life threatening parvovirus B19 and herpes simplex virus associated acute myocardial dysfunction in a child with homozygous sickle cell disease
Authors: Krishnamurti Lakshmanan , Lanford Lizabeth , Munoz Ricardo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractHuman parvovirus (HPV) B19, a common infection, frequently causes transient red cell aplasia in children with hemolytic anemia, such as sickle cell disease (SCD). It was considered to be a self‐limited condition, easily treated with blood transfusion. However, acute splenic sequestration, acute chest syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, and stroke have been reported in SCD patients following HPV B19 infection. We report a 3‐year‐old child with SCD who developed fulminant myocarditis following HPV B19‐related aplastic crisis. The diagnosis of myocarditis should be considered in a patient with hemolytic anemia with an infection with HPV B19 who develops signs of cardiopulmonary failure despite correction of anemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:1019–1021. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age distributions, birth weights, nephrogenic rests, and heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of Wilms tumor
Authors: Breslow Norman E. , Beckwith J. Bruce , Perlman Elizabeth J. , Reeve Anthony E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe National Wilms Tumor Study (NWTS) constitutes a unique resource for study of clinical, pathologic, and epidemiologic features of Wilms tumor (WT).ProcedureData from NWTS‐3,4,5 were compiled for 7,455 patients with tumors of favorable (FH) or anaplastic (AH) histology. The associations of birth weight (BW) and age‐at‐onset with gender, intralobar (ILNR), and perilobar (PLNR) nephrogenic rests, tumor focality, congenital malformation syndromes, and tumor histology were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression.ResultsMean BWs for male and female patients without PLNR were 3.52 and 3.36 kg, respectively, and for those with PLNR were 0.12 kg and 0.15 kg heavier. Mean age was 45 months for males with no rests whose tumors were unifocal and of triphasic favorable histology. ILNR or multifocality decreased the mean age by 18 and 10 months, respectively, whereas female gender, blastemal/FH or AH increased it by 3, 10, and 16 months. Over 90% of multifocal tumors occurred in the presence of demonstrated ILNR or PLNR or both. The apparent bimodality of the age distributions and later mean ages‐at‐onset for females with both unifocal and multifocal tumors were explained in part by the relative deficit in females of ILNR versus PLNR‐associated tumors.ConclusionsThese observations support the view that there are multiple pathways to Wilms tumorigenesis. They will facilitate selection of informative subgroups of patients for molecular analysis that may serve to identify the putative pathway for the majority of patients who cannot be classified provisionally on the basis of ILNR or PLNR. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006;47:260–267. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Longitudinal growth and risk factors for growth deficiency in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Vilela Maria Ivone Oliveira Pinto , Viana Marcos Borato 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundGrowth deficit has been reported as a frequent complication of the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).ProcedureLongitudinal analysis of the growth of 129 children, from a total of 351 cases diagnosed between 1987 and 1994 in Brazil, was determined. Height data were converted into standard deviation Z scores. Only girls younger than 10 and boys younger than 12 years old at diagnosis were included. Patients were treated according to a German BFM‐83 based protocol. Fifty‐eight children received 18 Gy cranial irradiation, four 12 Gy, and two 24 Gy. Patients were aggregated into five non‐excluding groups according to availability of height data at diagnosis, during the treatment, at the end of it, and several years after; 35 children reached their final height.ResultsHeight deficit at the end of the therapeutic treatment was evident (P < 0.0001). Catch‐up occurred 1 year after stopping treatment (P = 0.016). At the last follow‐up, over 5 years after the end of treatment (n = 83) or at final height (n = 35), impressive height deficits were recorded (P < 0.0001 for both end points). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that growth impairment was more severe in children younger than 4 years at diagnosis and in those who received cranial irradiation. No significant effect of gender was observed. Children who were treated solely with chemotherapy also had significant height loss.ConclusionsTreatment of ALL in children is associated with growth deficit during the treatment and several years after it, affecting the final height negatively, particularly in patients younger than 4 and in those who received cranial irradiation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:86–92. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Small cationic protein from a marine turtle has β‐defensin‐like fold and antibacterial and antiviral activity
Authors: Chattopadhyay Suranjana , Sinha Nirmal Kumar , Banerjee Shuvojit , Roy Debjani , Chattopadhyay Dhrubajyoti , Roy Siddhartha 
Published: May 2006

AbstractEgg white of marine turtle Caretta caretta contains a small cationic protein but lacks lysozyme. The protein was sequenced by a combination of sequential Edman degradation, carboxypeptidase digestion, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The protein contains 36 amino acid residues of which six are half‐cysteines. The three‐dimensional structure of the protein was deduced from two‐dimensional NMR experiments and was observed to be similar to vertebrate β‐defensins. However, disulfide connectivity is C1–C6/C2–C5/C3–C4; different from that of the vertebrate β‐defensins. The protein showed strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The protein also showed significant antiviral activity against an enveloped rhabdovirus, Chandipura virus, which is an emerging human pathogen. This virus is also closely related to the vesicular stomatitis virus, whose growth was also inhibited. This small cationic protein is part of the innate immunity of this organism and replaces lysozyme in the egg. It has the potential to be developed as an antibacterial and antiviral agent. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploring structurally conserved solvent sites in protein families
Authors: Bottoms Christopher A. , White Tommi A. , Tanner John J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractProtein‐bound water molecules are important components of protein structure, and therefore, protein function and energetics. Although structural conservation of solvent has been studied in a few protein families, a lack of suitable computational tools has hindered more comprehensive analyses. Herein we present a semiautomated computational approach for identifying solvent sites that are conserved among proteins sharing a common three‐dimensional structure. This method is tested on six protein families: (1) monodomain cytochrome c, (2) fatty‐acid binding protein, (3) lactate/malate dehydrogenase, (4) parvalbumin, (5) phospholipase A2, and (6) serine protease. For each family, the method successfully identified previously known conserved solvent sites. Moreover, the method discovered 22 novel conserved solvent sites, some of which have higher degrees of conservation than the previously known sites. All six families studied had solvent sites with more than 90% conservation and these sites were invariably located in regions of the protein with very high sequence conservation. These results suggest that highly conserved solvent sites, by virtue of their proximity to conserved residues, should be considered as one of the defining three‐dimensional structural characteristics of protein families and folds. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of a silane explosion in a photovoltaic fabrication plant
Authors: Chen Jenq‐Renn , Tsai Hsiao‐Yun , Chen Shang‐Kay , Pan Huan‐Ren , Hu Shuai‐Ching , Shen Chun‐Cheng , Kuan Chia‐Ming , Lee Yu‐Chen , Wu Chih‐Chin 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAn explosion and fire occurred in a silane gas room in a silicon thin‐film photovoltaic module fabrication plant, resulting in one fatality, and completely destroyed the gas room. The fire also spread outside the room through a polypropylene (PP) exhaust duct to the cleanroom and exhaust scrubbers, resulting in significant damage to the plant. This article investigates the incidents leading up to the explosion, fire escalation, and the incident response. This accident stressed that PP ducts must not be used to transport flammable or nonflammable gases. Because the cylinder change process was also identified as a problem, an appropriate procedure is described. Lessons learned in the plant management, operation, and engineering design are discussed in detail. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2006
Metal (Ni, Au)‐vacancy complexes in GaN
Authors: von Pezold J. , Bristowe P. D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe stability and electronic properties of metal (Ni, Au)‐vacancy complexes in GaN were studied using density functional calculations. Two complexes (NiGa‐VN and VGa‐Aui‐VN) were found to exhibit relatively low formation energies in their neutral charge state under p‐type conditions and are predicted to act as deep acceptors in GaN. As such they are unlikely to contribute to the hole carrier concentration in p‐GaN and are probably not responsible for the low electrical resistance of Au/Ni contacts. They may, however, act as compensation centres in n‐GaN. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)