bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organically‐Templated Zinc and Thorium Sulfates with Chain and Layered Structures
Authors: Behera J. N. , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAmine‐templated zinc sulfates of the formulae, [Zn(SO4)(H2O)2(C10N2H8)] (I) and [C3N2H12][Zn(SO4)] (II) both with linear structures have been prepared under hydro/solvothermal conditions. Of these, I has the chain structure formed by ZnO4N2octahedra and SO4 tetrahedra, while II comprises ladders formed by corner‐sharing four‐membered rings. Amine‐templated thorium sulfates of the formula [HN(CH2)6NH]2[Th2(SO4)6(H2O)2]·2H2O, (III) and [H2N(CH2)4NH2][Th3(SO4)7(H2O)4]·5H2O (IV) are also obtained under hydrothermal conditions. III has a sheet structure consisting of cages whereas IV has a two‐dimensional structure derived from the connectivity of ladders.
Synthesis and Characterization of Methylzinc Tri(tert‐butyl)silylphosphanide as well as Related Sodium and Potassium Phosphanylzincates
Authors: Sapelza Gerhard , Mayer Peter , Westerhausen Matthias 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe reaction of dimethylzinc and tri(tert‐butyl)silylphosphane in toluene yielded dimeric methylzinc tri(tert‐butyl)silylphosphanide (1) which crystallized tetrameric. Compound 1 was deprotonated with sodium in DME and the solvent‐separated dimeric ion pair [(dme)3Na]+ [(dme)Na(MeZn)2(μ‐PSitBu3)2]− (2) was isolated. The reaction of 1 in THF with two equivalents of potassium and one equivalent of tri(tert‐butyl)silylphosphane gave dimeric [{tBu3Si(H)P}{(thf)2K}2(MeZn)(PSitBu3)]2 (3). Both of these phosphanylzincates contain Zn2P2 cycles with Zn‐P bond lengths of approximately 237 pm, whereas in 1 larger Zn‐P bond lengths of 248.5 pm were found due to the larger coordination numbers of the phosphorus and zinc atoms.
Sol‐Gel Preparation and Characterization of Codoped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet Powders
Authors: Leleckaite Asta , Kareiva Aivaras , Bettentrup Helga , Jüstel Thomas , Meyer H.‐Jürgen 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA sol‐gel method has been developed to prepare lanthanide‐codoped yttrium aluminium garnet (Y3Al5O12, YAG) ceramic samples. The XRD patterns of the polycrystalline Y3Al5O12:Nd,Ho and Y3Al5O12:Nd,Er powders sintered at 1000 °C showed the formation of monophasic garnet materials. A homogeneous distribution of rare‐earth dopants in the YAG lattice was achieved in both cases. The morphological characterization of lanthanide‐codoped YAG by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the formation of highly agglomerated nanocrystalline samples. The luminescence properties of sol‐gel derived doubly activated yttrium aluminium garnet samples were also investigated in the present study.
Crystal Structure, Electronic Structure, and Luminescence of Cs2KYF6:Pr3+
Authors: Schiffbauer Daniel , Wickleder Claudia , Meyer Gerd , Kirm Marco , Stephan Michael , Schmidt Peter C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe crystal structure, electronic states and VUV spectroscopic behaviour of Cs2KYF6 doped with Pr3+ ions have been investigated both by experimental and theoretical methods. Cs2KYF6 (${\rm F}m{\bar 3}m$, Z = 4, a = 945.5(3) pm, R1all = 0.0297) crystallizes with the cubic elpasolite type of structure. The local relaxation of the activator ions in the host lattices has been calculated by the projector augmented wave method (computer code VASP). The electronic states have been calculated using a spin density functional procedure based on the atomic sphere approximation (computer code ASW). VUV spectroscopic measurements show fast 4f15d1 → 4f2 emission of nanosecond duration as well as slow 4f2 → 4f2 emission depending on the excitation energy which indicates the occupation of different sites in the host lattice. This assumption was verified by a recently developed quantum mechanical method. The combination of the experimental and the theoretical results show that the Pr3+ ions are occupying three different sites, namely the Y3+ and the Cs+ site as well as the K+ site.
[p‐tBu‐calix[4](OMe)2(OBeCl)2]: The First Structually Characterized Beryllium Calixarene Complex
Authors: Gottfriedsen Jochen , Blaurock Steffen 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTreatment of [p‐tBu‐calix[4](OMe)2(OLi)2] with two equivalents of BeCl2 gave the unprecedented dinuclear beryllium complex [p‐p‐tBu‐calix[4](OMe)2(OBeCl)2], which was structurally characterized, both in solution (NMR) and in the solid state (X‐ray structure analysis).
How to analyze long‐term insect population dynamics under climate change: 50‐year data of three insect pests in paddy fields
Authors: Yamamura Kohji , Yokozawa Masayuki , Nishimori Motoki , Ueda Yasuo , Yokosuka Tomoyuki 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe can precisely predict the future dynamics of populations only if we know the underlying mechanism of population dynamics. Long‐term data are important for the elucidation of such mechanisms. In this article we analyze the 50‐year dynamics of annual light‐trap catches of three insect pest species living in paddy fields in Japan: the rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae); the green rice leafhopper,Nephotettix cincticeps(Uhler) (Hemiptera: Deltocephalidae); and the small brown planthopper,Laodelphax striatellus(Fallén) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). We separate the long‐term dynamics into two components by using locally weighted scatterplot smoothing: (1) the underlying dynamics of populations, and (2) the influence of the past changes in the environment. The former component is analyzed by response surface analysis and vector autoregression to evaluate the nonlinearity of density‐dependence and the inter‐specific influence of density, respectively. On the basis of these analyses, we perform the state‐space model analyses. The state‐space model selected by Akaike's information criterion indicates that the observed number of light‐trap catches ofC. suppressalisandN. cincticepsin summer increases with increasing temperatures in the previous winter. It also indicates that the influence of temperature is not carried over to the next year. We utilize the selected model to predict the impact of global warming on these species, by substituting the temperature predicted by a general circulation model.
Influence of atrial fibrillation on cardiac brain natriuretic peptide release during haemodynamic stress in heart failure
Authors: Gould P.A. , D'Agostino J. , Schneider H.G. , Kaye D.M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackground:The determinants of release of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in heart failure (HF) are incompletely understood, particularly, the effect of heart rhythm and haemodynamic stress.Aims:To investigate the effect of haemodynamic stress on cardiac BNP release in HF and differentiate this response for atrial fibrillation (AF) and sinus rhythm (SR).Methods:In 18 HF patients (ejection fraction<40%, 9 in AF and 9 in SR) haemodynamics and BNP levels were measured from arterial and coronary sinus samples at baseline, after 10 min of 20° passive head up tilt (HUT) and after 10 min of isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise. From these data, we calculated a transcardiac BNP gradient and compared results between the AF and SR cohort.Results:During haemodynamic stress in both groups, there were no significance differences in left sided filling pressures. At baseline, there were no differences in BNP measurements between the SR and AF group. The transcardiac BNP gradient increased significantly in the SR (p=0.02) but not the AF cohort, after HUT. During IHG exercise, there was a significant decrease in cardiac BNP release in the AF cohort (p=0.03) but not the SR cohort.Conclusion:These data imply in HF, cardiac rhythm influences cardiac BNP release in response to haemodynamic stress.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide—release from the heart and response in heart failure due to left ventricular pressure overload
Authors: Kupari Markku , Mikkola Tomi S. , Turto Heikki , Lommi Jyri , Ylikorkala Olavi 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackground:Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a peptidergic neurotransmitter and a vasodilator with positive inotropic and chronotropic properties. Whether and how VIP contributes to the neuroendocrine response in heart failure (HF) is disputed, and there are no data on VIP in pressure overload‐induced HF.Methods:We studied 129 adults with isolated aortic valve stenosis (AS). Blood was sampled from the aortic root and, in a subset of 48 patients, also from the coronary sinus for determination of VIP by radioimmunoassay. HF was diagnosed according to the European Society of Cardiology criteria.Results:Plasma VIP (mean±S.E.M.) was slightly higher in patients with HF (22.6±0.9 pmol/l, n=41) than in patients free of HF (21.1±0.5 pmol/l, n=88) or in 11 control patients without structural heart disease (20.0±1.3 pmol/l, n=11) (p=0.030 across the groups). VIP did not correlate with any measurement of cardiac structure or function in AS. The change in plasma VIP from aortic root to coronary sinus averaged +1.2±0.4 pmol/l in the 11 control patients (p=0.021), +1.2±0.2 pmol/l in 33 AS patients free of HF (p<0.001) and +0.8±0.3 pmol/l in 15 AS patients with HF (p=0.037).Conclusions:Both structurally normal and diseased hearts release VIP into the coronary sinus. Although marginally elevated in the systemic circulation, VIP is unlikely to contribute significantly to the neuroendocrine activation in HF due to pressure overload.
Climatic and sea level controls on Late Quaternary eolian activity on the Agulhas Plain, South Africa
Authors: Carr Andrew S. , Thomas David S.G. , Bateman Mark D. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractLocated at the interface between the temperate westerly and sub-tropical climate systems, South Africa's winter rainfall zone (WRZ) is a key location in understanding Late Quaternary atmospheric circulation dynamics. Inactive eolian deposits in the WRZ, comprising pan-fringing lunette and coastal dunes, were investigated to establish their depositional ages and utility as paleoenvironmental indicators. The resulting optical luminescence chronology reveals episodic lunette accretion at 60,000–45,000 yr, 12,000–13,000 yr, 2800–2600 yr, 1200 yr, and <1000 yr, with coastal dune ages clustering at 4100–4700 yr.Episodes of lunette and coastal dune accretion on the Agulhas Plain are temporally distinct, reflecting differing fundamental controls on their activity. Comparisons to previously published data also reveal that the lunettes differ in age from more ancient coastal eolianites. Lunette deposition is asynchronous between locations, reflecting the topographic and hydrological setting of the individual pans. In near-coastal settings, with limited surface recharge, lunette accretion appears to be at least partially controlled by sea level induced changes in groundwater levels. Those pans with more significant surface recharge (particularly from fluvial systems) may produce less ambiguous paleoenvironmental records, with pan status more strongly reflecting regional hydrological conditions. Lunette orientation is indicative of strong westerly winds during both the Pleistocene and Holocene. Lunette accretion would have been promoted by reduced on-shore moisture transport during the summer months, enhancing rainfall seasonality. Such conditions would have been promoted by increased continentality as the Agulhas Bank was exposed during low sea level stands.
Repeated influenza vaccination of healthy children and adults: borrow now, pay later?
Authors: CARRAT F. , LAVENU A. , CAUCHEMEZ S. , DELEGER S. 
Published: November 2005

SUMMARYA growing number of publications are recommending annual influenza vaccination of healthy children and adults. However, the long-term consequences of repeated influenza vaccination are unknown. We used a simple model of recurrent influenza infection to assess the likely impact of various repeated influenza vaccination scenarios. The model was based on a Markovian framework and was fitted on annual incidence rates of influenza infection by age. We found that natural influenza infection reduced the risk of being re-infected by 15·4% (95% confidence interval 7·1–23·0). Various scenarios of repeated influenza vaccination were then simulated and compared with a reference scenario where vaccination is given from age 65 years onwards. We show that repeated vaccination at a young age substantially increases the risk of influenza in older age, by a factor ranging between 1·2 (vaccination after 50 years) to 2·4 (vaccination from birth). These findings have important implications for influenza vaccination policies.
[32P]2‐iodo‐N6‐methyl‐(N)‐methanocarba‐2′‐deoxyadenosine‐3′,5′‐bisphosphate ([32P]MRS2500), a novel radioligand for quantification of native P2Y1 receptors
Authors: Houston Dayle , Ohno Michihiro , Nicholas Robert A , Jacobson Kenneth A , Harden T Kendall 
Published: November 2005

Analysis of the P2Y family of nucleotide‐activated G‐protein‐coupled receptors has been compromised by the lack of selective high‐affinity, high‐specific‐radioactivity radioligands. We have pursued quantification of the P2Y1 receptor through the development of a series of selective P2Y1 receptor antagonists.
Recently, we synthesized 2‐iodo‐N6‐methyl‐(N)‐methanocarba‐2′‐deoxyadenosine 3′,5′‐bisphosphate (MRS2500), a selective, competitive antagonist that exhibits a Ki of 0.8 nM in competition‐binding assays with [3H]MRS2279. A 3′‐monophosphate precursor molecule, MRS2608, was radiolabeled at the 5′ position with 32P using polynucleotide kinase and [γ32P]ATP to yield [32P]MRS2500.
[32P]MRS2500 bound selectively to Sf9 insect cell membranes expressing the human P2Y1 receptor (Sf9‐P2Y1), but did not detectably bind membranes expressing other P2Y receptors. P2Y1 receptor binding to [32P]MRS2500 was saturable with a KD of 1.2 nM. Agonists and antagonists of the P2Y1 receptor inhibited [32P]MRS2500 binding in Sf9‐P2Y1 membranes with values in agreement with those observed in functional assays of the P2Y1 receptor.
A high‐affinity binding site for [32P]MRS2500 (KD=0.33 nM) was identified in rat brain, which exhibited the pharmacological selectivity of the P2Y1 receptor. Distribution of this binding site varied among rat tissues, with the highest amount of binding appearing in lung, liver, and brain. Among brain regions, distribution of the [32P]MRS2500 binding site varied by six‐fold, with the highest and lowest amounts of sites detected in cerebellum and cortex, respectively.
Taken together, these data illustrate the synthesis and characterization of a novel P2Y1 receptor radioligand and its utility for examining P2Y1 receptor expression in native mammalian tissues.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 147, 459–467. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706453
Signaling mechanism of thrombin‐induced gingival fibroblast‐populated collagen gel contraction
Authors: Jeng Jiiang‐Huei , Lan Wan‐Hong , Wang Juo‐Song , Chan Chiu‐Po , Ho Yuan‐Soon , Lee Po‐Hsuen , Wang Ying‐Jen , Wang Tong‐Mei , Chen Yi‐Jane , Chang Mei‐Chi 
Published: November 2005

Thrombin is activated during gingival tissue injury and inflammation. Thrombin (platelet)‐rich plasma has been used for periodontal regeneration with success. Thrombin and other bacterial proteases also affect the functions of adjacent periodontal cells via stimulation of protease‐activated receptors (PARs).
We noted that thrombin (0.1–2 U ml−1), human, and frog PAR‐1 agonist peptide (20–240 μM) induced the gingival fibroblast (GF)‐populated collagen gel contraction within 2 h of exposure. However, PAR‐2, PAR‐3, and PAR‐4 agonist peptide (20–240 μM) showed little effect on collagen gel contraction. U73122 (phospholipase C inhibitor) and 2‐APB (IP3 antagonist) were effective in inhibition of GF contraction.
Thrombin‐induced GF contraction was inhibited by 5 mM EGTA (an extracellular calcium chelator) and verapamil (an L‐type calcium channel blocker). In addition, W7 (10 and 25 μM, a calcium/calmodulin (CaM) inhibitor), ML‐7 (50 μM, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitor), and HA1077 (100 μM, Rho kinase inhibitor) completely inhibited the thrombin‐induced collagen gel contraction. Thrombin also induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2 and elevated the Rho‐GTP levels in GF.
However, U0126 only partially inhibited the thrombin‐induced GF contraction. Similarly, wortmannin (100 nM), LY294002 (20 μM) (two PI3K inhibitor) and genistein also showed partial inhibition. Moreover, NAC was not able to suppress the GF contraction, as supported by the slight decrease in reactive oxygen species production in GF by thrombin.
Thrombin also stimulated metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) and MMP‐3 production in GF. But addition of GM6001 or 1,10‐phenanthroline, two MMP inhibitors, could not inhibit the thrombin‐induced GF contraction.
These results indicate that thrombin is crucial in the periodontal inflammation and wound healing by promoting GF contraction. This event is mainly mediated via PAR‐1 activation, PLC activation, extracellular calcium influx via L‐type calcium channel, and the calcium/CaM–MLCK and Rho kinase activation pathway.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 147, 188–198. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706462
Bv8, the amphibian homologue of the mammalian prokineticins, induces a proinflammatory phenotype of mouse macrophages
Authors: Martucci Cataldo , Franchi Silvia , Giannini Elisa , Tian Hui , Melchiorri Pietro , Negri Lucia , Sacerdote Paola 
Published: November 2005

The small protein Bv8, isolated from the amphibian skin, belongs to a novel family of secreted proteins linked to several biological effects. We describe the expression of Bv8/prokineticins and their receptors in mouse macrophages, and characterize their proinflammatory activities.
The rodent analogue of Bv8, prokineticin‐2, is expressed by macrophages, as well as its G‐protein‐coupled receptor prokineticin receptor (PKR‐1 and PKR‐2). PKR‐1 is expressed more abundantly.
Bv8 induces potent chemotaxis of macrophages at concentrations as low as 10−12 M.
It stimulates lipopolysaccharide‐induced production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1 and IL‐12, reducing that of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10. The effects are observed starting at the very low concentration of 10−11 M.
Effects on chemotaxis and cytokine are not pertussis‐toxin sensitive, but are completely prevented by addition of the phospholipase inhibitor U73122, suggesting a Gq protein is involved in the Bv8‐induced effects.
Studies in PKR‐1 knockout mice indicate that all the activities exerted by Bv8 on macrophages are mediated by the PKR‐1 receptor.
In conclusion, Bv8 appears to be able to induce the macrophage to migrate and to acquire a proinflammatory phenotype.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 147, 225–234. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706467
Blood–brain equilibration kinetics of levo‐α‐acetyl‐methadol using a chronically instrumented sheep preparation
Authors: Foster David J R , Jensen Mette L , Upton Richard N , Somogyi Andrew A , Grant Cliff , Martinez Allison 
Published: November 2005

The delayed onset and long duration of action of the opioid agonist levo‐α‐acetyl‐methadol (LAAM) has been attributed to the formation of active metabolites. However, at present, little is known about the time course of blood–brain equilibration of LAAM itself.The cerebral kinetics of LAAM were quantified using physiologically based kinetic models and a conscious chronically instrumented sheep preparation. Seven sheep were administered 4 min intravenous infusions of 30 mg LAAM. Concentrations of LAAM andN‐demethylated metabolites (nor‐LAAM and di‐nor‐LAAM) in whole blood (0–75 min) were measured using a validated HPLC assay.LAAM did not alter cerebral blood flow, mean arterial pressure or cause significant respiratory depression. Cardiac output was similar to baseline at 4 min, but decreased by 30% at 10 min and remained at this level for the duration of the 75 min study period.Cerebral kinetics were best described by a membrane‐limited model, with a relatively slow blood–brain tissue equilibration half‐life of 22 min due to intermediate permeability (56 ml min−1) and a large cerebral distribution volume (724 ml).In conclusion, pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modelling of LAAM should account for the large equilibration delay between brain and blood caused by slow equilibration kinetics. This may account for some of the delay in onset of effect previously attributed to the delayed appearance of active metabolites in blood.British Journal of Pharmacology(2006)147, 209–217. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706470
Inflammatory events in a vascular remodeling model induced by surgical injury to the rat carotid artery
Authors: Rinaldi Barbara , Romagnoli Paolo , Bacci Stefano , Carnuccio Rosa , Maiuri Maria Chiara , Donniacuo Maria , Capuano Annalisa , Rossi Francesco , Filippelli Amelia 
Published: November 2005

The aim of our study was to gain insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the inflammatory response to arterial injury in a rat experimental model.
Rats (five for each experimental time) were subjected to brief clamping and longitudinal incision of a carotid artery and monitored for 30 days. Subsequently, Nuclear Factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) expression was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Heat shock protein (HSP) 27, HSP47 and HSP70 were evaluated by Western blot. Morphological changes of the vessel wall were investigated by light and electron microscopy.
In injured rat carotid artery NF‐κB activity started immediately upon injury, and peaked between 2 and 3 weeks later. Western blot showed a significant increase of HSP47 and HSP70 7 days after injury. At 2 weeks postinjury, HSP27 expression peaked. Ligth microscopy showed a neointima formation, discontinuity of the media layer and a rich infiltrate. Among infiltrating cells electron microscopy identified dendritic‐like cells in contact with lymphocytes.
Our model of surgical injury induces a significant inflammatory process characterized by enhanced NF‐κB activity and HSPs hyperexpression. Dendritic‐like cells were for the first time identified as a novel component of tissue repair consequent to acute arterial injury.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 147, 175–182. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706472
Retrograde jejunale Invagination nach Billroth-II-Resektion
Authors: Muehlenberg K , Wiedmann K. H. 
Published: November 2005

Die 78-jährige Patientin hat seit Jahren wiederholt über Stunden anhaltende Oberbauchschmerzen und Erbrechen angedauter Speisen. Vor vielen Jahren war wegen rezidivierender Ulcera ventriculi eine Billroth-II-Magenteil-resektion erfolgt. Neben dem Bauchnabel ist jetzt linksseitig eine Walze tastbar. Die während der Schmerzepisode durchgeführte Gastroskopie zeigt in der abführenden Dünndarmschlinge drei pathologische Befunde. Welche sind das?
Erlauben diese Befunde eine Diagnose? Wenn ja, welche?

Sind Differenzialdiagnosen möglich? Wenn ja, welche?
Von Hippel-Lindau Disease Associated With Thymoma and Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Sheth Maushmi N , Nations Sharon P , Wolfe Gil I , Trivedi Jaya R 
Published: November 2005

AbstractVon Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by central nervous system hemangioblastomas, retinal angioma, and renal cell carcinoma. Thymoma and autoimmune neurologic disorders have not been reported in association with VHL disease. We report a unique concurrence of antibody-positive myasthenia gravis and thymoma in a patient with VHL disease. Although this may be coincidental, a possible genetic link between thymoma and VHL is described.
Lumbosacral Plexitis
Authors: Tarulli Andrew , Rutkove Seward B 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Lumbosacral plexitis (LSP) is an uncommon idiopathic disorder characterized by the acute onset of severe lower extremity pain followed by wasting and weakness of leg muscles with variable sensory loss. Muscles innervated by multiple roots and multiple nerves are affected, and other causes of lumbosacral plexopathy such as mass lesions and trauma must be excluded. Postulated causes of LSP include vasculitis with subsequent axonal injury and autoimmune-related demyelination, although evidence is accumulating that the former pathophysiology is more likely. Recovery is variable but is often quite slow and incomplete. Immunomodulatory therapies such as corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasma exchange are inconsistent in their efficacy.