bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased impact strength of biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate) blend composites by using isocyanate as a reactive processing agent
Authors: Harada Masaki , Ohya Tsubasa , Iida Kouji , Hayashi Hideki , Hirano Koji , Fukuda Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) blended with poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) was prepared in the presence of lysine triisocyanate (LTI) by using a twin‐screw extruder and injection molding machine. The physical properties, rheological behavior, compatibility, and morphology were investigated by using a tensile test, a Charpy impact test, melt mass‐flow rate (MFR) measurements, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The impact strength of PLA/PBS(90/10 wt %) blend composite was about 18 kJ/m2 in the absence of LTI, and it increased to 50–70 kJ/m2 in the presence of LTI at 0.5 wt %. The MFR value of PLA/PBS(90/10 wt %) decreased from 25 g/10 min at 200°C in the absence of LTI to approximately 3 g/10 min in the presence of LTI. These results imply that isocyanate groups of LTI reacted with both terminal hydroxyl or carboxyl groups of the polymers. Spherical particles at 1 μm were observed by using LSCM in the presence of LTI. These results indicate that the LTI is a useful reactive processing agent to increase the compatibility of PLA/PBS blend composites to increase the impact strength of PLA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Synthesis and characterization of cross‐linkable poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)s
Authors: Ding F. C. , Wang S. J. , Xiao M. , Han D. M. , Meng Y. Z. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA novel class of crosslinkable poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)s with relative high molecular‐weight and good solubility were successfully synthesized by the copolymerization of bisphthalazinone containing monomer, 3,3′‐diallyl‐4,4′‐dihydroxybiphenyl and 4,4′‐di‐ fluorobenzophenone. The synthesized polymers with inherent viscosities in the range of 0.42 to 0.75 dL/g can form flexible and transparent membranes by casting from their solution. The crosslinking reaction of these polymers can be carried out by thermally curing of the virgin polymers in or without the presence of crosslinking agent. The experimental results demonstrated that the crosslinking reaction also occurred to some extent during the polymerization. The crosslinked polymers exhibited equivalent glass transition temperature (Tg) at lower crosslinking density, and showed higher Tg than virgin polymers at higher crosslinking density. The crosslinked high‐temperature polymer can be used as the base material for high temperature adhesive, coating, enamel material, and composite matrices. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Effects of acidity and hydrolysis on the UV and fluorescence spectra of poly(2‐acetylamino‐1, 4‐phenylene) and its hydrolyzed derivatives in acidic solutions
Authors: Huang W. Y. , Huang P. T. , Chang M. Y. , Liaw B. R. , Han Y. K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPoly(2‐acetylamino‐1,4‐phenylene) was synthesized by coupling polymerization of 2,5‐dibromoacetanilide. Partially hydrolyzed poly(2‐acetylamino‐1, 4‐phenylene)s were prepared with a degree of hydrolysis per repeating unit from 15 to 98%. UV spectra and fluorescence were studied in DMSO and DMF/water solutions with varied acidity. The UV absorption maximum of poly(2‐acetylamino 1,4‐phenylene) is red‐shifted from 255 to 285 nm with increasing degree of hydrolysis. At low degree of hydrolysis the emission spectra of polymers in DMSO/water solutions at different concentrations show that the emission λmax is almost independent of concentration. However, when the extent of hydrolysis increased, the emission bands were red‐shifted and became dependent of concentration. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Public perceptions of biotechnology
Authors: McHughen Alan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe very term ‘Biotechnology’ elicits a range of emotions, from wonder and awe to downright fear and hostility. This is especially true among non‐scientists, particularly in respect of agricultural and food biotechnology. These emotions indicate just how poorly understood agricultural biotechnology is and the need for accurate, dispassionate information in the public sphere to allow a rational public debate on the actual, as opposed to the perceived, risks and benefits of agricultural biotechnology. This review considers first the current state of public knowledge on agricultural biotechnology, and then explores some of the popular misperceptions and logical inconsistencies in both Europe and North America. I then consider the problem of widespread scientific illiteracy, and the role of the popular media in instilling and perpetuating misperceptions. The impact of inappropriate efforts to provide ‘balance’ in a news story, and of belief systems and faith also impinges on public scientific illiteracy. Getting away from the abstract, we explore a more concrete example of the contrasting approach to agricultural biotechnology adoption between Europe and North America, in considering divergent approaches to enabling coexistence in farming practices. I then question who benefits from agricultural biotechnology. Is it only the big companies, or is it society at large – and the environment‐also deriving some benefit? Finally, a crucial aspect in such a technologically complex issue, ordinary and intelligent non‐scientifically trained consumers cannot be expected to learn the intricacies of the technology to enable a personal choice to support or reject biotechnology products. The only reasonable and pragmatic alternative is to place trust in someone to provide honest advice. But who, working in the public interest, is best suited to provide informed and accessible, but objective, advice to wary consumers?
Influence of specific growth rate on specific productivity and glycosylation of a recombinant avidin produced by a Pichia pastoris Mut+ strain
Authors: Schenk Jonas , Balazs Krisztina , Jungo Carmen , Urfer Julien , Wegmann Carole , Zocchi Andrea , Marison Ian W. , von Stockar Urs 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA recombinant avidin‐producing Mut+ Pichia pastoris strain was used as a model organism to study the influence of the methanol feeding strategy on the specific product productivity (qp) and protein glycosylation. Fed‐batch cultivations performed at various specific growth rates (µ) and residual methanol concentrations showed that the specific avidin productivity is growth‐dependent. The specific productivity increases strongly with the specific growth rate for µ ranging from 0 to 0.02 h−1, and increases only slightly with the specific growth rate above this limit. N‐terminal glycosylation was also found to be influenced by the specific growth rate, since 9‐mannose glycans were the most abundant form at low growth rates, whereas 10‐mannose carbohydrate chains were favored at higher µ. These results show that culture parameters, such as the specific growth rate, may significantly affect the activity of glycoproteins produced in Pichia pastoris. In terms of process optimization, this suggests that a compromise on the specific growth rate may have to be found, in certain cases, to work with an acceptable productivity while avoiding the addition of many mannoses. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 368–377. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stable advection‐reaction‐diffusion with arbitrary anisotropy
Authors: Kim Theodore , Lin Ming 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTuring first theorized that many biological patterns arise through the processes of reaction and diffusion. Subsequently, reaction‐diffusion systems have been studied in many fields, including computer graphics. We first show that for visual simulation purposes, reaction‐diffusion equations can be made unconditionally stable using a variety of straightforward methods. Second, we propose an anisotropy embedding that significantly expands the space of possible patterns that can be generated. Third, we show that by adding an advection term, the simulation can be coupled to a fluid simulation to produce visually appealing flows. Fourth, we couple fast marching methods to our anisotropy embedding to create a painting interface to the simulation. Unconditional stability is maintained throughout, and our system runs at interactive rates. Finally, we show that on the Cell processor, it is possible to implement reaction‐diffusion on top of an existing fluid solver with no significant performance impact. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partial least square regression on frequency shift applied to passive acoustic emission spectra
Authors: Kupyna Andriy , Rukke Elling‐Olav , Schüller Reidar Barfod , Helland Håkon , Isaksson Tomas 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA novel approach for the regression on passive acoustic emission spectra is presented. Acoustic emission of the fluid flow through an orifice plate is partly characterized by frequency shifts in the spectra. Physical properties of the fluid affect the shifts and can therefore be predicted by exploiting the changes in peak positions. The positions and the corresponding amplitude of the most distinct peaks in the acoustic spectra were determined. The obtained peak positions and amplitude matrices were then used in partial least squares (PLS) regression. The proposed method was validated on two experimental datasets from passive acoustic measurements of liquid flow through an orifice plate. The liquids were a two‐component mixture of ethanol in water, and a three‐component mixture of ethanol and sucrose in water. The proposed method resulted in more parsimonious models and lower root mean squared errors of prediction (RMSEP), compared to the PLS regression on the whole acoustic spectra. The proposed method resulted in 43% lower RMSEP for prediction of ethanol in water, and 24 and 27% lower RMSEP for ethanol and water respectively in three‐component mixture. Only minor improvement in RMSEP was gained for the sucrose prediction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conversion of Perhydropolysilazane into a SiOx Network Triggered by Vacuum Ultraviolet Irradiation: Access to Flexible, Transparent Barrier Coatings
Authors: Prager Lutz , Dierdorf Andreas , Liebe Hubert , Naumov Sergej , Stojanović Sandra , Heller Roswitha , Wennrich Luise , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe photochemical conversion of 200–500 nm layers of perhydropolysilazane (SiH2‐NH)n (PHPS) in the presence of oxygen into an SiOx network was studied. Different UV sources in the wavelength range of 160–240 nm, that is, 172 nm Xe2* and 222 nm KrCl* excimer, and 185 nm Hg low‐pressure (HgLP) lamps were used for these purposes. The role of both ozone and O(1D) as well as of catalytic amounts of tertiary amines in the degradation process of PHPS and the formation of SiOx were studied. In this context, the kinetics of the entire reaction were elucidated and allowed both a continuous and discontinuous process to be established for the production of fully transparent, flexible barrier coatings. Barrier improvement factors (BIFs) of 400 were achieved with one single layer on 23 μm poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET), which translated into oxygen transmission rates (OTRs) of 0.20 cm3 m−2 day−1 bar−1. Double layers prepared by this technique allowed the realization of OTRs of ≤0.1 cm3 m−2 day−1 bar−1, corresponding to BIFs of ≥800.
Understanding the Woodward–Hoffmann Rules by Using Changes in Electron Density
Authors: Ayers Paul W. , Morell Christophe , De Proft Frank , Geerlings Paul 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe Woodward‐Hoffmann rules for pericyclic reactions are explained entirely in terms of directly observable physical properties of molecules (specifically changes in electron density) without any recourse to model‐dependent concepts, such as orbitals and aromaticity. This results in a fundamental explanation of how the physics of molecular interactions gives rise to the chemistry of pericyclic reactions. This construction removes one of the key outstanding problems in the qualitative density‐functional theory of chemical reactivity (the so‐called conceptual DFT). One innovation in this paper is that the link between molecular‐orbital theory and conceptual DFT is treated very explicitly, revealing how molecular‐orbital theory can be used to provide “back‐of‐the‐envelope” approximations to the reactivity indicators of conceptual DFT.
Revealing Shape Selectivity and Catalytic Activity Trends Within the Pores of H‐ZSM‐5 Crystals by Time‐ and Space‐Resolved Optical and Fluorescence Microspectroscopy
Authors: Stavitski Eli , Kox Marianne H. F. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA combination of in‐situ optical and fluorescence microspectroscopy has been employed to investigate the oligomerization of styrene derivatives occurring in the micropores of coffin‐shaped H‐ZSM‐5 zeolite crystals in a space‐ and time‐resolved manner. The carbocationic intermediates in this reaction act as reporter molecules for catalytic activity, since they exhibit strong optical absorption and fluorescence. In this way, reactant selectivity and restricted transition‐state selectivity for 14 substituted styrene molecules can be visualized and quantified. Based on a thorough analysis of the time‐ and space‐resolved UV/Vis spectra, it has been revealed that two main parameters affect the reaction rates, namely, the carbocation stabilization effect and the diffusion hindrance. The stabilization effect was tested by comparison of the reaction rates for 4‐methoxystyrene versus 4‐methylstyrene and in the series 4‐bromo‐, 4‐chloro and 4‐fluorostyrene; in both cases less electronegative substituents were found to accelerate the reaction. As to the steric effect, bulkier chemical groups bring down the reaction rate, as evident from the observation that 4‐methoxystyrene is more reactive than 4‐ethoxystyrene due to differences in their diffusivity, while heavily substituted styrenes, such as 3,4‐dichlorostyrene and 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorostyrene, cannot enter the zeolite pore system and therefore do not display any reactivity. Furthermore, β‐methoxystyrene and trans‐β‐methylstyrene show limited reactivity as well as restricted reaction‐product formation due to steric constraints imposed by the H‐ZSM‐5 channel system. Finally, polarized‐light optical microspectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy demonstrate that dimeric styrene compounds are predominantly formed and aligned within the straight channels at the edges of the crystals, whereas a large fraction of trimeric carbocations along with dimeric compounds are present in the straight channels of the main body of the H‐ZSM‐5 crystals. Our results reinforce the observation of a non‐uniform catalytic behavior within zeolite crystals, with specific parts of the zeolite grains being less accessible and reactive towards reactant molecules. The prospects and potential of this combined in‐situ approach for studying large zeolite crystals in the act will be discussed.
Theoretical and Experimental Determination of the Electronic Structure of V2O5, Reduced V2O5‐x and Sodium Intercalated NaV2O5.
Authors: Laubach Stefan , Schmidt Peter C. , Thissen Andreas , Fernandez‐Madrigal Francisco Javier , Wu Qi‐Hui , Jaegermann Wolfram , Klemm Matthias , Horn Siegfried 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Structures of Hf(M1,M2)3 and Hf(M1,M2)2 Ternary Compounds (M1: Au, Pt, Pd; M2: Al, Ga).
Authors: Verbovytsky Yu. , Latka K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High‐Pressure Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of δ‐Ce(BO2)3.
Authors: Haberer Almut , Heymann Gunter , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stability and Thermodynamic Functions of Lanthanum Nickelates.
Authors: Zinkevich M. , Solak N. , Nitsche H. , Ahrens M. , Aldinger F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Subsolidus Phase Relations of the Cu—Ga—N System.
Authors: Zhang Y. , Li J.‐B. , Liang J. K. , Zhang Q. , Sun B. J. , Xiao Y. G. , Rao G. H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Two New Multi‐Manganese‐Substituted Polyoxometalates.
Authors: Zhang Zhiming , Wang Enbo , Chen Weilin , Tan Huaqiao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanism of Criss‐Cross Reaction of Aromatic Glyoxalimines with Potassium Cyanate and Thiocyanate.
Authors: Hanusek Jiri , Verner Jiri , Potacek Milan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Arenes Using [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Clayden Jonathan , Moran Wesley J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidative Cleavage of Nitroalkenes with Hydrogen Peroxide in Environmentally Acceptable Solvents.
Authors: Bortolini Olga , De Nino Antonio , Fogagnolo Marco , Fantin Giancarlo , Mariuolo Loredana , Tocci Amedeo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pd on Amine‐Terminated Ferrite Nanoparticles: A Complete Magnetically Recoverable Facile Catalyst for Hydrogenation Reactions.
Authors: Guin Debanjan , Baruwati Babita , Manorama Sunkara V. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
General, Mild and Efficient Synthesis of β‐Enaminones Catalyzed by Ceric Ammonium Nitrate.
Authors: Sridharan Vellaisamy , Avendano Carmen , Menendez J. Carlos 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
TBAB‐Promoted Ligand‐Free Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Li Jin‐Heng , Li Ji‐Lan , Xie Ye‐Xiang 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Intermolecular Hydroacylation of N,N‐Dialkylacrylamides with Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Cationic Rhodium(I)/dppb Complex.
Authors: Tanaka Ken , Shibata Yu , Suda Takeshi , Hagiwara Yuji , Hirano Masao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regiospecific Organocatalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Methyl Ketones and α,β‐Unsaturated Trifluoromethyl Ketones.
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Jin , Zhao Yan , Liu Jin‐Tao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ecofriendly Solvent‐Free Microwave Enhanced Alkyl Migration in N‐Alkyl Anilines in Dry Media Conditions.
Authors: Selvakumar S. , Easwaramurthy M. , Raju G. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck Arylations of Allyl Alcohols in Ionic Liquids: Remarkable Base Effect on the Selectivity.
Authors: Calo Vincenzo , Nacci Angelo , Monopoli Antonio , Ferola Valentina 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Cyanosilylation of α,α‐Dialkoxy Ketones Catalyzed by Proline‐Derived in situ Prepared N‐Oxide as Bifunctional Organocatalyst.
Authors: Qin Bo , Liu Xiaohua , Shi Jian , Zheng Ke , Zhao Haitao , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Water‐Promoted Highly Selective anti‐Markovnikov Addition of Thiols to Unactivated Alkenes.
Authors: Ranu Brindaban C. , Mandal Tanmay 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pd‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Biphenyls with Methylthio Group.
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Hu Zhizhi , Yu Zhixiao , Chi Haijun , Lei Peng , Wang Yue , He Ren 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Imidazolium‐Based Phosphinite Ionic Liquid (IL‐OPPh2) as a Reusable Reaction Medium and PdII Ligand in Heck Reactions of Aryl Halides with Styrene and n‐Butyl Acrylate.
Authors: Iranpoor Nasser , Firouzabadi Habib , Azadi Roya 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rapid and Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Copper(0)‐Catalyzed Ullmann Coupling Reaction: General Access to Anilinoanthraquinone Derivatives.
Authors: Baqi Younis , Mueller Christa E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Morita—Baylis—Hillman Cyclizations of Arene—Ruthenium‐Functionalized Acrylamides.
Authors: Pigge F. Christopher , Dhanya R. , Hoefgen Erik R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Photochemical and Redox Switching in a Ring‐Closed Isomer of Thioindigo‐Extended Quinone.
Authors: Kurata Hiroyuki , Kim Sang , Matsumoto Kouzou , Kawase Takeshi , Oda Masaji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.