bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 275: Hypothesizing After Results are Known (HARKing) in Neurovascular Research Induced by Meeting Abstract Preparation Guidelines
Authors: Vaddi Venya , Hou Jesse W. , Rao Neal M. , Saver Jeffrey L. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
A “reproducibility crisis” has afflicted the recent medical literature, affecting 75‐89% of major reported findings. An important cause of the inability to replicate results is hypothesizing after the results are known (HARKing): presenting a post hoc hypothesis according with findings as if it were a confirmed a priori hypothesis. Meeting abstract instructions may affect the frequency of HARKing.

Methods
We tested the hypothesis that, compared with abstract instructions NOT indicating a "hypothesis" should be stated, instructions indicating THAT a "hypothesis" should be stated would increase the proportion of abstracts judged by field content experts to exhibit HARKing. [Hypothesis pre‐registered at AsPredicted.org (#5019)]. We analyzed randomly sampled abstracts from 4 International Stroke Conference (ISC) meeting years with highly forceful (2015), moderately forceful (2017), and non‐forceful (2013 and 2022) requirements for statement of a “hypothesis” in abstract preparation instructions, regardless of whether a hypothesis statement was appropriate (confirmatory science) or inappropriate (exploratory science).

Results
The 163 abstracts (39 to 43 in each meeting year) equally sampled the 14‐17 ISC topic categories. Explicit “hypothesis” statements were more common in the highly and moderately forceful instruction years (30% and 27%) than in the non‐forceful instruction years (9% and 13%) (p = 0.006). Among the total 32 hypothesis statements, 81% were deemed falsifiable, and 19% non‐falsifiable. None (0%) of hypotheses were stated as pre‐registered prior to study conduct. Overall, 59% (19/32) of the hypothesis statements were adjudicated by two independent content experts as likely to be hypothesizing after the results were known (HARKing). HARKing was more common in the highly and moderately forceful instruction years (20% and 15%) than the non‐forceful instruction years (9% and 3%) (p = 0.03).

Conclusion
Abstract preparation instructions requiring the use of a hypothesis statement promoted hypothesizing after the results are known, with HARKing present in 1 out of every 5 meeting abstracts. To improve reproducibility of neurovascular research studies, appropriate meeting abstract preparation instructions are desirable, recommending hypothesis statements only for the small proportion of stroke studies that are of confirmatory, rather than exploratory, design.
Abstract 283: Readmission Rates and Etiologies among Patients with Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Laswi Ibrahim , Al‐Najjar Yousef , Arabi Maryam , Dargham Soha , Jerdi Salman Al , Khalil Charbel Abi 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System (PACNS) is a rare, relapsing inflammatory disorder of blood vessels in the brain and spinal cord presenting clinically with a spectrum of manifestations including strokes, seizures, and neurologic deficits. Limited data are available on the modifiable and nonmodifiable predictors of readmissions for patients diagnosed with PACNS, which hinders the ability of healthcare systems to risk‐stratify patients based on their specific demographics, comorbidities, and hospital status.

Methods
We identified patients with PACNS (ICD‐10 code: I67.7) admitted from 2016‐2019 using the Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD). The difference in days between the index admission and the readmission was used to identify patients who were readmitted within 30 and 90 days. The primary diagnosis of the readmission was used to identify the etiology of readmission. Data was weighted to allow for representative nationwide estimates.

Results
We identified 1,398 patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of PACNS between 2016 and 2019. The mean age was 52.81 years, with 59.20% (n=828) being female. The 30‐day readmission rate was 10.52% (n=147) and the 90‐day readmission rate was 19.60% (n=274). Nearly half of 90‐day readmissions occurred within the first 30 days. Annual variations in readmission rates were insignificant. Age and sex distribution were not statistically different between patients not requiring readmission, those readmitted within 30 days, and those readmitted within 90 days. Compared to those not requiring readmission, patients readmitted within 30 days had a higher prevalence of diabetes (38.07% vs 29.06%; p=0.023) and hypertension (65.66% vs 56.88%; p=0.035), while those readmitted within 90 days had a higher prevalence of diabetes (41.56% vs 27.19%, p<0.001), dyslipidemia (48.49% vs 39.77%, p=0.009), obstructive sleep apnea (10.79% vs 6.73%, p=0.028), and ischemic stroke (32.56% vs 25.18%, p=0.013). The most common etiologies of 30‐ and 90‐day readmissions were cardiovascular (47.05% and 47.81%), neurological (26.80% and 20.61%), and infectious (9.07% and 7.58%).

Conclusion
The rates of 30‐ and 90‐day readmissions among patients with PACNS have remained stable between 2016 and 2019. Patients with PACNS requiring readmission had a higher incidence of vascular risk factors. Cardiovascular, neurological, and infectious conditions were the most common etiologies for 30‐ and 90‐day readmissions. While our analysis suggests a role for vascular risk factor modification to prevent readmissions in patients diagnosed with PACNS, further research is required to validate this hypothesis and identify other modifiable risk factors.
Reaction of Brazilian genotypes of pulses (pea, chickpea and lentil) to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii
Authors: Pinto Thávio J.B. , Cunha Dwillian F. , Silva Giovani O. , Pinheiro Jadir B. , Correia Valdir R. , Ragassi Carlos F. , Cares Juvenil E. 
Published: March 2024

Summary
The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii, is an important pathogen of numerous crops, including the so-called pulses. Hence, it is necessary to identify genetic resistance, as it is the most efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally sound way to manage nematodes in the field. The objective of this study was to screen a Brazilian germplasm collection of pulse crops (peas, chickpeas, and lentils) comprising accessions from the Embrapa Germplasm Bank and commercial cultivars against M. enterolobii under glasshouse conditions. The experiment was conducted with 23 treatments (genotypes), i.e., 14 pea, six chickpea and one lentil genotype, and two tomato cultivars, ‘Rutgers’ (susceptible) and ‘Nemadoro’ (resistant). Each plant (replication) was inoculated with 5000 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. enterolobii and evaluated 65 days after inoculation, considering the following variables: gall index, egg mass index, number of eggs per g of roots, and reproduction factor. The experiments were conducted at two independent time points (summer and autumn/winter). Results showed that all 23 plant genotypes were susceptible to the nematode, with pea genotype ‘Itapuã’ being intolerant to infection. Cultivation of pulse crops has been steadily increasing both in Brazil and worldwide. Our research findings make a valuable contribution to the ongoing efforts to identify genetic resistance to nematode pathogens that can significantly affect the productivity of these crops. By identifying and developing resistant genotypes, pulse crop yields can be safeguarded, and sustainable agricultural practices can be supported.
Development and validation of four TaqMan real-time PCR diagnostics for the identification and quantification of Pratylenchus crenatus, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans and Pratylenchus thornei
Authors: Orlando Valeria , Roberts David , Edwards Simon G. , Prior Thomas , Neilson Roy , Back Matthew A. 
Published: March 2024

Summary
Pratylenchus crenatus, P. neglectus, P. penetrans and P. thornei are globally the most commonly occurring species of root-lesion nematodes (RLN). Correct identification and quantification of these nematodes is important for strategic management interventions such as rotation choice and nematicide use. A real-time quantitative PCR can provide a fast and reliable alternative to morphological identification, which requires significant taxonomic experience. A TaqMan hydrolysis probe method based on the 28S rDNA D2-D3 expansion region was developed and validated for the identification and quantification of these four root-lesion nematode species. Standard curves for each target RLN species were generated by plotting known gene copy number, obtained by a ten-fold serial dilution of purified plasmids, with corresponding Ct values. Each standard curve had a strong linear correlation () between Ct value and gene copy number. There was consistent amplification of samples with target species from different geographic locations within the UK, whereas a lack of amplification was noted for selected non-target species: P. coffeae, P. pseudocoffeae, P. vulnus, P. fallax, Globodera rostochiensis, Meloidogyne hapla, Trichodorus primitivus and Bitylenchus hispaniensis. Specificity and sensitivity of the methods were confirmed by three experiments that explored different life stages, increasing the number of target species, and had mixed Pratylenchus samples. Finally, estimates obtained by qPCR methods were compared with counting carried out by microscopy showing a good correlation (). The TaqMan real-time PCR developed in this study provides a specific, fast and accurate quantification of P. crenatus, P. neglectus, P. penetrans and P. thornei.
Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, an Amateur Orologist on the Cusp between Romanticism and Positivism
Authors: Baridon Laurent , Morfee Adrian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Eugène Viollet-le-Duc is one of those architects who took an interest in science. His biography shows that, from a young age, he practiced arts and natural sciences. As a result, his love of landscape painting was related to geology. Throughout his career, he made analogies between architecture and living organisms. For instance, he compared his idea of architectural restoration to a paleontologist’s approach trying to piece back together an extinct animal. Looking at his library, however, shows that the scientific books he owned were rather general, except for the field of alpine geology, for which he took a particular interest. Yet this very interest was strongly defined by the objectives of the Club Alpin Français, which aimed at preserving and developing this natural heritage. Both romantic and positivist approaches were thus intertwined in Viollet-le-Duc’s scientific culture.
Retaining and Mobilising Geometric Knowledge
Authors: Luciano Erika 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper is dedicated to the history of an extremely particular manuscript: Segre’s personal card index. Consisting of 515 handwritten cards on which he annotated bibliographic references, excerpts of readings that could be useful in his studies and teaching, comments and memoranda, Segre’s Schedario is the manuscript catalogue of a virtual library, a sort of reasoned bibliography that photographs the cultural heritage of Corrado Segre and, more generally, of an Italian geometer of the Belle Époque. In this paper, we will analyse how Segre constructed, organised and used the Schedario in order to structure his teaching and research activity.
A Medieval Islamic Astrolabe with Hebrew Inscriptions in Verona
Authors: Gigante Federica 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article presents a hitherto unknown remarkable astrolabe from Al-Andalus which likely belonged to the collection of Ludovico Moscardo (1611–1681) assembled in Verona in the seventeenth century. The astrolabe is datable to the eleventh century and features added Hebrew and Latin inscriptions. It underwent many modifications, additions, and adaptations as it changed hands and owners over time thus becoming a palimpsest object. With its added translations from Arabic into Hebrew, the astrolabe closely recalls the recommendations prescribed by the Spanish Jewish polymath Abraham Ibn Ezra (1089–1167) in the earliest surviving treatise on the astrolabe in the Hebrew language written in 1146 precisely in Verona. The astrolabe—today preserved in the Fondazione Museo Miniscalchi-Erizzo—stands out as a testimony to the contacts and exchanges among Arabs, Jews and Europeans in the medieval and early modern periods.
Evaluation of the antagonistic activity of black soldier fly frass extracts against plant pathogens using single- and double-layer agar bioassays
Authors: Arabzadeh G. , Delisle-Houde M. , Dorais M. , Deschamps M.-H. , Derome N. , Vandenberg G.W. , Tweddell R.J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Larval frass from insects which consists of larval excrement, exoskeleton, and undigested diet, is a rich source of organic material and microorganisms. Despite its potential value, research on frass valorisation in agriculture is limited. In this study, single-layer agar (SLA) and double-layer agar (DLA) in vitro bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effect of water-based black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) frass extracts from two different diets on the growth of six plant pathogens: Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The results showed that frass extract from Gainesville house fly diet strongly or completely inhibited the growth of all tested plant pathogens in both SLA and DLA bioassays, while frass extract from fruit/vegetable/bakery/brewery diet strongly inhibited the mycelial growth of A. solani, B. cinerea, and S. sclerotiorum, and moderately inhibited the mycelial growth of P. capsici in both bioassays. For both diets and bioassays, 0.22 μm microfiltered frass extracts which are free of microorganisms showed generally no effect on the growth of the pathogens indicating that growth inhibition is caused by frass-inhabiting microorganisms. Both SLA and DLA bioassays revealed strong antagonistic effect of microorganisms inhabiting BSFL frass against the plant pathogens B. cinerea, A. solani, R. solani, P. capsici, F. oxysporum and S. sclerotiorum. Moreover, the study showed the impact of the BSFL diet on the antagonistic effect of frass extract. In future work, the antagonistic effect of frass extracts against the above-mentioned pathogens will be tested in vivo. BSFL frass could eventually find applications for the control of plant diseases.
Evaluation of cryoprotein investigation using a digital external quality assurance scheme
Authors: Patel Dina , Sargur Ravishankar , Sheldon Joanna , Wheeler Rachel D , Stanley Carol 
Published: March 2024

Background: Robust preanalytical and analytical processes are critical for the detection of cryoproteins. There is significant variation in practice in the detection, analysis and reporting. Results: A survey in 2018 of 137 laboratories participating in the UK National External Quality Assessment Service (UK NEQAS) (6) quality control program showed significant variation in the laboratory processes which highlighted the need for standardisation of the detection, analysis and reporting of cryoglobulins. Conclusion: The first available EQA scheme aiming to harmonise practice for cryoprotein testing has been developed by UK NEQAS and laboratories should participate in an appropriate EQA scheme to fulfil requirements for ISO accreditation.
Concomitant interventions in mitral valve surgery – A European perspective
Authors: Naruka Vinci , Arjomandi Rad Arian , Chacko Jacob , Liu Guiqing , Afoke Jonathan , Punjabi Prakash P 
Published: March 2024

Introduction In recent years, major findings on concomitant procedures and anticoagulation management have occurred in Mitral Valve (MV) surgery. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the current practices in MV interventions across Europe. Methods In October 2021, all national cardio-thoracic societies in the European region were identified following an electronic search and sent an online survey of 14 questions to distribute among their member consultant/attending cardiac surgeons. Results The survey was completed by 91 consultant/attending cardiac surgeons across 12 European countries, with 78% indicating MV repair as their specialty area. 57.1% performed >150 operations/year and 71.4% had 10+ years of experience. Concomitant tricuspid valve repair is performed for moderate tricuspid regurgitation (TR) by 69% of surgeons and for mild TR by 26.3%, both with annular diameter >40 mm. 50.6% indicated ischaemic MV surgery in patients undergoing CABG if moderate mitral regurgitation with ERO >20 mm2 and regurgitant volume >30 mL, and 45.1% perform it if severe MR with ERO >40 mm2 and regurgitant volume >60 mL. For these patients the preferred management was: MVR if predictors of repair failure identified (47.2%) and downsizing annuloplasty ring only (34.1%). For atrial fibrillation (AF) in cardiac surgery, 34.1% perform ablation with biatrial lesion and 20% with left sided only. 62.6% perform concomitant Left Atrial Appendage (LAA) Occlusion irrespective of AF ablation with a left atrial clip. A wide variability in anticoagulation strategies for MV repair and bioprosthetic MV valve was reported both for patients in sinus rhythm and AF. Conclusion These results demonstrate a variable practice for MV surgery, and a degree of lack of compliance with surgical intervention guidelines and anticoagulation strategy.
Radial head replacement with the 3D-printed patient-specific titanium prosthesis: Preliminary results of a multi-centric prospective study
Authors: Luenam Suriya , Kosiyatrakul Arkaphat , Charoenlap Chris , Puncreobutr Chedtha , Lohwongwatana Boonrat 
Published: March 2024

Purpose To report preliminary clinical results and safety of 3D-printed patient-specific titanium radial head (RH) prosthesis in treatment of the irreparable RH fractures. Material and methods This multi-centric prospective study included 10 patients (6 men and four women, mean age 41 years (range, 25–64 years)). Three cases were classified as Mason type III and 7 cases as type IV. Patients were assessed preoperatively, intraoperatively, and at 1, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks postoperatively. Range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS) score, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), radiology imaging, and laboratory blood and urine testing were evaluated. Results The prostheses were implanted utilizing cemented stems in 5 patients and cementless stems in 5 patients. Intraoperatively, well congruency of a prosthesis with capitellum and radial notch of ulna was observed in all cases. All patients had improvement of ROM, VAS score, DASH score, and MEPS during the postoperative follow-ups. At the final follow-up, mean elbow extension was 6.5° (range, 0°–30°), flexion 145° (range, 125°–150°), supination 79° (range, 70°–80°), and pronation 73.5° (range, 45°–80°). Mean VAS score was 0.3 (range, 0–3), DASH score was 12.35 (range, 1.7–23.3), and MEPS was 99.5 (range, 95–100). Postoperative radiographs demonstrated heterotopic ossification in 2 cases, periprosthetic radiolucency in 2 cases, and proximal radial neck resorption in 2 cases. No one had the evidence of capitellar erosion, implant failure, malpositioning, overstuffing, or symptomatic stem loosening. There was no significant alteration of laboratory results or adverse events related to the 3D-printed prosthesis implantation. Conclusion The preliminary results demonstrated that implantation of the 3D-printed patient-specific titanium RH prosthesis is safe and may be a potential treatment option for irreparable RH fracture.
Vaping in mental health inpatient units: A qualitative study of consumer and staff views on electronic nicotine delivery systems
Authors: Naylor Henry , Howie Alex , Every-Palmer Susanna 
Published: March 2024

Objectives The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the subjective experiences of consumers and staff members regarding the availability of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in inpatient mental health units. Methods Mental health consumers and staff members ( n = 16) from rehabilitation and forensic inpatient units were interviewed in 2022. Thematic analysis of the transcripts was undertaken. Results Our study identified four themes: The high salience of nicotine use in inpatient units, delivering nicotine in a resource scarce environment, weighing up the harms of ENDS as a smoking cessation tool, and a need for fair and consistent policy. Conclusions The main positive aspects identified were recognition of rights of consumers, a relative harm reduction compared to tobacco use, and ENDS as a positive factor in the therapeutic relationship. The main challenges identified were resourcing issues, ENDS being a potential source of tension and conflict and a lack of overarching policy guiding their use.
Radar-Guided Localization and Resection for Metastatic Nodal and Soft Tissue Melanoma: A Single-Institution Retrospective Study
Authors: Beekman Kate E. , DePalo Danielle K. , Parker Lily M. , Elleson Kelly M. , Mullinax John E. , Sarnaik Amod A. , Sondak Vernon K. , Zager Jonathan S. 
Published: March 2024

Background Radar-guided localization (RGL) offers a wire-free, nonradioactive surgical guidance method consisting of a small percutaneously-placed radar reflector and handheld probe. This study investigates the feasibility, timing, and outcomes of RGL for melanoma metastasectomy. Methods We retrospectively identified patients at our cancer center who underwent RGL resection of metastatic melanoma between December 2020-June 2023. Data pertaining to patients’ melanoma history, management, reflector placement and retrieval, and follow-up was extracted from patient charts and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Twenty-three RGL cases were performed in patients with stage III-IV locoregional or oligometastatic disease, 10 of whom had reflectors placed prior to neoadjuvant therapy. Procedures included soft tissue nodule removals (8), index lymph node removals (13), and therapeutic lymph node dissections (2). Reflectors were located and retrieved intraoperatively in 96% of cases from a range of 2 to 282 days after placement; the last reflector was not able to be located during surgery via probe or intraoperative ultrasound. One retrieved reflector had migrated from the index lesion, thus overall success rate of reflector and associated index lesion removal was 21 of 23 (91%). All RGL-localized and retrieved index lesions that contained viable tumor (10) had microscopically negative margins. There were no complications attributable to reflector insertion and no unexpected complications of RGL surgery. Conclusion In our practice, RGL is a safe and effective surgical localization method for soft tissue and nodal melanoma metastases. The inert nature of the reflector enables implantation prior to neoadjuvant therapy with utility in index lymph node removal.