bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preheating and “snow‐plow” composite application technique affect double bond conversion but not bond strength to dentine
Authors: Miletic Vesna , Komlenic Vojislav , Bajuk‐Bogdanović Danica , Stasic Jovana , Petrovic Violeta , Savic‐Stankovic Tatjana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo measure degree of conversion (DC) of a flowable composite, microtensile bond strength (MTBS) to dentine in the snow‐plow technique with/without preheating and temperature in the preheated composite.Materials and MethodsFor DC, snow‐plow specimens of Filtek Ultimate Flowable (Flow) and Filtek Bulk Fill (Bulk) (3M) were prepared by light‐curing composites simultaneously in standardized molds while in control groups light‐curing was separate. DC of Flow was measured using micro‐Raman spectroscopy. For MTBS, specimens were prepared on dentine of human extracted molars by simultaneous (snow‐plow) or separate (control) light‐curing. MTBS was measured using a universal testing machine after 24 h and 6 months. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc (α = 0.05).ResultsIncreased curing time significantly increased DC in snow‐plow from 13.4% ± 11.6% (10 s) to 31.8% ± 4.4% (40 s) albeit significantly lower than controls (p < 0.05). Preheated Bulk improved conversion in snow‐plow (44.3% ± 1.7%) and control (50.5% ± 2.6%) (p < 0.05). No significant differences occurred in MTBS between groups (p > 0.05). MTBS values ranged between 66.7 ± 8.4 MPa (snow‐plow group_21°C_baseline) and 54.1 ± 15.8 MPa (control_21°C_long‐term). Temperature in the preheated Bulk dropped to ~38°C after 30 s.ConclusionsSnow‐plow technique, irrespective of preheating, resulted in lower DC of Flow than separate light‐curing of composite increments. Snow‐plow, irrespective of preheating, resulted in similar initial and long‐term MTBS to dentine.Clinical SignificanceClinicians with preference for flowable composite liners in Class II restorations should be aware that the snow‐plow technique of simultaneous light‐curing of flowable and bulk‐fill composite increments affects monomer‐to‐polymer conversion, albeit no effect on immediate, and long‐term bonding to dentine was detected. Preheating sculptable bulk‐fill composite improves conversion of the flowable liner in the snow‐plow technique but has no detectable effect on bond strength to dentine.
Thinking critically about race bias and culpability perceptions of Latinxs in the criminal justice system
Authors: Willis Esqueda Cynthia , Gilbert Kiley 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCritical race theory (CRT) guides insight into structural and institutional discrimination for identifying causes of race disparities in the United States social and political systems. Disparities are pronounced in the criminal justice system (CJS) for Latinx people, and negative attitudes exist about those incarcerated. LatCrit theory promotes an examination of unique issues creating disparities for Latinx people. Given historical, negative stereotypes of Mexican Americans as a criminal type, even exonerees face the taint of criminalization, and this influences perceptions of them. Following LatCrit theory, we examined the relationship between negative Mexican American stereotypes and perceived internal and external culpability with mediation from defendant rights attitudes for a Mexican American exoneree. With data from a national, adult online sample (N = 120), negative stereotypes about Mexican Americans predicted internal culpability with partial mediation from defendant rights beliefs, but the relationship was not found for external culpability. Negative stereotypes were associated with beliefs in the Mexican American exoneree's inherent criminality. With a LatCrit approach, quantitative findings lend insight into the legal decision making process to produce bias. Results highlight the need for continued focus on Latinx people's unique experiences and for change in methods to improve post‐carceral reintegration and eliminate structural and systemic race bias.
Critical race theory in human development and family science
Authors: Sheppard J. Andan , Gabriel Ryan , Fraser Ashley M. , LeBaron‐Black Ashley B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe field of human development and family science (HDFS) conducts interdisciplinary research that has substantially benefited children and families. However, like other disciplines, in the wake of the murders of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and Ahmaud Arbery in 2020, HDFS has begun to deeply reflect on its relationship to race and racism. In this paper, we aim to help with this process. We do so by summarizing the history of HDFS and its present relationship with race and racism. We then introduce Critical Race Theory and highlight two foundational tenets of the framework—social construction of race and structural racism—that serve as the motivation for a set of 12 actionable recommendations to enhance the study of race in HDFS and promote racial equity within the research and publication process.
First report of root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica Whitehead, 1968 on kiwifruit Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang and A. R. Ferguson, 1984 in Türkiye
Authors: Felek Anıl Fırat , Akyazi Faruk 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRoot‐knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause serious damage to kiwifruit orchards in Türkiye. In summer 2022, during a survey on root‐knot nematodes of kiwifruit in Bursa, Rize, and Yalova provinces in the country, many galls in the roots were discovered. A single egg mass was extracted from the infected roots and inoculated to Rutgers tomato and kiwi (Hayward) plants for reproduction as a pure culture. Second‐stage infective juveniles (J2), mature females with egg masses, and males were used for identification studies. Species were identified based on biochemical (esterase phenotypes), morphological, morphometric, and molecular methods. The perineal pattern observations and morphometric values were in accordance with previously reported measurements. The isozyme electrophoresis analyses revealed the species‐specific esterase phenotypes (E3) with three bands. As a result of all the methods used for diagnosis, we identified the nematode causing the infection as the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica. To our knowledge, this is not only the first report of M. ethiopica in Türkiye, but also the first report of this species in Europe.
Mosses and vascular plants show diverging diversity patterns along a latitudinal gradient in boreal bogs and fens
Authors: Deschênes Élise , Poulin Monique , Brice Marie‐Hélène , Legendre Pierre , Pellerin Stéphanie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractQuestionsThe latitudinal biodiversity gradient; i.e., the increase in biodiversity towards the equator, is one of the most prominent biodiversity patterns. Nevertheless, many questions remain to be answered about the influence of multiple environmental factors on the latitudinal biodiversity gradient, especially for mosses, and the functional diversity of mosses and vascular plants. This study aims at evaluating the influence of latitude, climate, environmental variables, and habitat types (bog vs fen) on taxonomic and functional diversity (α‐diversity and β‐diversity) and the composition of vascular plant and moss species.Location49° N to 55° N in Northwestern Quebec, Canada.TaxonMosses, vascular plants.MethodsWe used a database containing 376 phytosociological plots (400 m2) sampled in boreal peatlands located along a 600‐km latitudinal gradient. We evaluated changes in α‐diversity and β‐diversity in response to latitude, longitude, climate, and local abiotic variables for both taxonomic groups using linear mixed effect models. We evaluated the effects of these variables on taxonomic and functional composition using variance partitioning by redundancy analysis.ResultsMoss diversity increased with latitude, although the effects were masked by environmental variables, whereas vascular plant diversity decreased with latitude in fens and did not vary with latitude in bogs. We observed a decrease in taxonomic and functional uniqueness with latitude. Moss and vascular plant taxonomic and functional composition were primarily structured by contrasting local conditions in bogs and fens, whereas climatic variations along the latitudinal gradient played a secondary role.ConclusionsOur results highlight the contrasting biodiversity patterns in both peatland types and the importance of local habitat conditions in structuring vascular plant and moss diversity. These patterns varied depending on the diversity indicator used, as α‐ and β‐diversity and functional and taxonomic diversity were often decoupled. Future studies should therefore include more than one diversity indicator and consider the differences between ecosystems and taxon groups.
The Past, Present, and Future of Gulf Sovereign Wealth Fund Investments in China
Authors: Alfarhan Mai , Alsudairi Mohammed 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article explores sovereign wealth fund investments by Gulf Cooperation Council member states in China's equity market. Using data from Chinese stock exchanges, we analyze patterns of shareholding over two decades, across different sectors and among distinct funds, and compare them to their non‐Gulf counterparts. We reveal a gradual upward trajectory in both the scale and diversity of investments by Gulf funds, indicating growing engagement with the Chinese equity market. We anticipate a continuation of current trends, albeit with larger volumes and potential expansions into technological and emerging sectors that align with Gulf interests. We project that the deepening financial linkages between China and the Gulf could give rise to a mini petro‐yuan system operating under the dominance of the American dollar. This does not presage a transformation in China‐Gulf relations but should be understood within the increasing complexity of their broader economic ties. The article is part of a special issue examining the responses of Gulf countries to rising Sino‐American competition, edited by Andrea Ghiselli, Anoushiravan Ehteshami, and Enrico Fardella.
Increased Angio‐Derived Index of Microcirculatory Resistance Within a Timeframe of 30–60 days After COVID‐19 Infection
Authors: Dong Lei , Na Ritai , Peng Lang , Xu Xinye 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesChest pain is a relatively long‐term symptom that commonly occurs in patients who have contracted COVID‐19. The reasons for these symptoms remain unclear, with coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) emerging as a potential factor. This study aimed to assess the presence of CMD in these patients by measuring the angio‐derived index of microcirculatory resistance (AMR).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional case–control study, patients who had chest pain and a history of COVID‐19 infection within the preceding 30 to 60 days were included. The control subjects were patients without COVID‐19. Demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic data were recorded. Angiographic images were collected for AMR analysis through an angioplus quantitative flow ratio measurement system. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to match the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between COVID‐19 incidence and the increase in AMR (AMR > 285 mmHg*s/m) after correction for other confounders.ResultsAfter PSM, there were 58 patients in each group (the mean age was 66.3 ± 9.04 years, and 55.2% were men). The average time between the onset of COVID‐19 infection and patient presentation at the hospital for coronary angiography was 41 ± 9.5 days. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the quantitative flow ratio between the two groups. Patients with COVID‐19 had a greater mean AMR (295 vs. 266, p = 0.002). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that COVID‐19 (OR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.50–7.60, p = 0.004) was significantly associated with an increase in AMR.ConclusionsLong‐term COVID‐19 patients who experience chest pain without evidence of myocardial ischemia exhibit an increase in AMR, and CMD may be one of the reasons for this increase. COVID‐19 is an independent risk factor for an increase in AMR.
Involvement of Escherichia coli YbeX/CorC in ribosomal metabolism
Authors: Sarıgül İsmail , Žukova Amata , Alparslan Emel , Remm Sille , Pihlak Margus , Kaldalu Niilo , Tenson Tanel , Maiväli Ülo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractYbeX of Escherichia coli, a member of the CorC protein family, is encoded in the same operon with ribosome‐associated proteins YbeY and YbeZ. Here, we report the involvement of YbeX in ribosomal metabolism. The ΔybeX cells accumulate distinct 16S rRNA degradation intermediates in the 30S particles and the 70S ribosomes. E. coli lacking ybeX has a lengthened lag phase upon outgrowth from the stationary phase. This growth phenotype is heterogeneous at the individual cell level and especially prominent under low extracellular magnesium levels. The ΔybeX strain is sensitive to elevated growth temperatures and to several ribosome‐targeting antibiotics that have in common the ability to induce the cold shock response in E. coli. Although generally milder, the phenotypes of the ΔybeX mutant overlap with those caused by ybeY deletion. A genetic screen revealed partial compensation of the ΔybeX growth phenotype by the overexpression of YbeY. These findings indicate an interconnectedness among the ybeZYX operon genes, highlighting their roles in ribosomal assembly and/or degradation.
The possible role of haematophagous flies in the incidence of bovine teat papillomatosis
Authors: Iwasa Mitsuhiro , Shido Yumeno , Hatama Shinichi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe relationship between the incidence of bovine teat papillomatosis and the activity of haematophagous flies was investigated in Japan. A total of 15,737 flies consisting of 33 species were collected by dry ice‐baited mosquito net (DMN) trap and a sweep net from udders of cattle. Simulium aokii (Takahasi) of Simuliidae (black flies) was the predominant species, followed by S. tobetsuense Ono and S. iwatense (Shiraki). Simulium aokii had the highest peak in October, followed by September. Numbers of blood spots from the bites per teat in nulliparous cattle were significantly correlated with numbers of S. aokii collected by DMN trap. Numbers of teats with warts and spots of blood from the bites per teat were significantly more abundant in anterior teats than posterior teats. The average incidence of teat papillomatosis in nulliparous cattle was significantly higher than that in parous cattle, and the highest incidence by month was in May, followed by April. Although bovine papillomavirus (BPV) DNA was not detected in flies examined, the presence of black flies and blood spots from their bites were associated with subsequent high incidence of growing warts. In particular, it would pay to give attention to species such as S. aokii that severely attack udders in the present locality. Further investigations for the detection of BPV DNA from flies parasitizing on teats are needed.
U.S. mobilization of its domestic diaspora: Strategic leveraging of an un[der]tapped foreign policy resource
Authors: Flores Roberto J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe historic diaspora diplomacy literature has generally characterized politically active diaspora as foreign agents leveraged by their ancestral homeland to shape the foreign policy of their host nation. As such, diaspora groups have generally been assessed as net negatives on the foreign policy of their host nations, or as working against the common good of the host nation. This work seeks to challenge this narrow conceptualization and demonstrate that, when considered within a broader historical timeline, granted agency, and contextualized within a networked society, emergent mechanisms for state mobilization of diaspora groups to achieve foreign policy objectives become apparent. This work is focused exclusively on political diaspora groups within the United States and investigates select case studies to demonstrate the evolving nature of U.S.–diaspora relations and the opportunities presented as a result. The work concludes with several policy recommendations, derived from lessons learned within the case studies.Related ArticlesBayes, Jane H., and Laura Gonzalez. 2011. “Globalization, Transnationalism, and Intersecting Geographies of Power: The Case of the Consejo Consultivo del Instituto de los Mexicanos en el Exterior (CC‐IME): A Study in Progress.”Politics & Policy39(1): 11–44.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00281.x.Huijgh, Ellen. 2017. “Indonesia's ‘Intermestic’ Public Diplomacy: Features and Future.”Politics & Policy45(5): 762–92.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12221.Singh, Amit, and Amit Sarwal. 2017. “Paraspara, Encounters, and Confluences: India's Soft Power Objective in the Indo‐Pacific Region.”Politics & Policy45(5): 733–61.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12222.
Orthodontic retention: Rationale and periodontal implications
Authors: Fleming Padhraig S. , Pandis Nikolaos 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPost‐treatment change in the form of true relapse and physiological and maturational effects is common following orthodontics. The unpredictable nature of these manifestations dictates a conservative, near‐universal approach to retention. Both fixed and removable forms of retention are popular with the latter constrained by variable levels of adherence particularly in the medium‐ to long‐term. Fixed retention may offer a more predictable means of preservation of orthodontic outcomes; however, this advantage is offset by the requirement for prolonged supervision and the potential for adverse changes including periodontal breakdown. Nevertheless, while examples of severe complications are common, a clear causal relationship between intact, passive retainers and periodontal issues does not appear to exist. Nevertheless, the importance of diligent maintenance and careful supervision during fixed retention, in particular, cannot be disregarded.
Rigorous derivation of weakly dispersive shallow‐water models with large amplitude topography variations
Authors: Emerald Louis , Paulsen Martin Oen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe derive rigorously from the water waves equations new irrotational shallow‐water models for the propagation of surface waves in the case of uneven topography in horizontal dimensions one and two. The systems are made to capture the possible change in the waves' propagation, which can occur in the case of large amplitude topography. The main contribution of this work is the construction of new multiscale shallow‐water approximations of the Dirichlet–Neumann operator. We prove that the precision of these approximations is given at the order , , and . Here, , , and denote, respectively, the shallow‐water parameter, the nonlinear parameter, and the bathymetry parameter. From these approximations, we derive models with the same precision as the ones above. The model with precision is coupled with an elliptic problem, while the other models do not present this inconvenience.
Elevated perceived stress in university students due to the COVID‐19 pandemic: Potential contributing factors in a propensity‐score‐matched sample
Authors: Auerswald Sven , Koddebusch Christine , Hermann Christiane 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveOnset of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID) pandemic has increased students' perceived burdens. The current study aimed to examine COVID‐related changes and to identify potential factors that contribute to students' stress.MethodAdopting a cross‐sectional cohort‐study design, we examined perceived stress and depressive and anxiety symptoms with a specific focus on the role of study‐related variables such as perceived study‐related demands, study‐related resources, academic procrastination, and stress‐enhancing beliefs. Two cohorts (Npre‐COVID = 2,175; NCOVID = 959) were recruited at the same university and matched with regard to their propensity score (age, gender, semester).ResultsCompared with the pre‐COVID cohort, university students in the COVID cohort reported more perceived stress, more depressive and anxiety symptoms, more academic procrastination due to fear of failure, more stress‐enhancing beliefs, more distress due to the housing situation, and more perceived study‐related challenges (Cohen's d = 0.15–0.45). A stepwise regression analysis identified depressive symptoms, procrastination due to fear of failure, general self‐efficacy, increased study demands, perceived difficulties with self‐organized learning, distress due to housing, and stress‐enhancing beliefs as predictors of perceived stress in the COVID cohort.DiscussionFindings suggest that the switch to online‐only education increased the study‐related burden for students, primarily due to exams being replaced by a greater amount of regular coursework and imposing demands on self‐organized learning. Possibly, stress‐enhancing beliefs and procrastination due to fear of failure might have been elevated due to less opportunity for social referencing and lack of felt social support by peer students.ConclusionExperienced increased burden in students during the COVID pandemic was mostly accounted for by a lack of perceived individual resources rather than by an increase in objective study‐related demands.
Multi‐omics analyses of sid2 mutant reflect the need of isochorismate synthase ICS1 to cope with sulfur limitation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Luo Jie , Havé Marien , Soulay Fabienne , Balliau Thierry , Clément Gilles , Tellier Frédérique , Zivy Michel , Avice Jean‐Christophe , Masclaux‐Daubresse Céline 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYThe SID2 (SA INDUCTION‐DEFICIENT2) gene that encodes ICS1 (isochorismate synthase), plays a central role in salicylic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. The sid2 and NahG (encoding a bacterial SA hydroxylase) overexpressing mutants (NahG‐OE) have currently been shown to outperform wild type, presenting delayed leaf senescence, higher plant biomass and better seed yield. When grown under sulfate‐limited conditions (low‐S), sid2 mutants exhibited early leaf yellowing compared to the NahG‐OE, the npr1 mutant affected in SA signaling pathway, and WT. This indicated that the hypersensitivity of sid2 to sulfate limitation was independent of the canonical npr1 SA‐signaling pathway. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that major changes occurred in sid2 when cultivated under low‐S, changes that were in good accordance with early senescence phenotype and showed the exacerbation of stress responses. The sid2 mutants displayed a lower sulfate uptake capacity when cultivated under low‐S and lower S concentrations in their rosettes. Higher glutathione concentrations in sid2 rosettes under low‐S were in good accordance with the higher abundance of proteins involved in glutathione and ascorbate redox metabolism. Amino acid and lipid metabolisms were also strongly modified in sid2 under low‐S. Depletion of total fatty acids in sid2 under low‐S was consistent with the fact that S‐metabolism plays a central role in lipid synthesis. Altogether, our results show that functional ICS1 is important for plants to cope with S limiting conditions.