bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using open source data in developing competitive and marketing intelligence
Authors: Fleisher Craig S. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe paper seeks to show how the increasingly popular use of data and information acquired from open sources (OS) impacts competitive and marketing intelligence (C/MI). It describes the current state of the art in analysis efforts of open source intelligence (OSINT) in business/commercial enterprises, examines the planning and execution challenges organizations are experiencing associated with effectively using and fusing OSINT in C/MI decision‐making processes, and provides guidelines associated with the successful use of OSINT.Design/methodology/approachThis is a descriptive, conceptual paper that utilizes and develops arguments based on the search of three unclassified bodies of literature in competitive and marketing intelligence, intelligence processing and marketing analysis.FindingsOpen sources are useful in marketing analyses because they can be easily accessible, inexpensive, quickly accessed and voluminous in availability. There are several conceptual and practical challenges the analyst faces in employing them. These can be addressed through awareness of these issues as well as a willingness to invest resources into studying how to improve the data gathering/analysis interface.Practical implicationsMarketing analysts increasingly rely on open sources of data in developing plans, strategy and tactics. This article provides a description of the challenges they face in utilizing this data, as well as provides a discussion of the effective practices that some organizations have demonstrated in applying and fusing open sources in their C/MI analysis process.Originality/valueThere are very few papers published focusing on applying OSINT in enterprises for competitive and marketing intelligence purposes. More uniquely, this paper is written from the perspective of the marketing analyst and how they use open source data in the competitive and marketing sense‐making process and not the perspective of individuals specialized in gathering these data.
Shape design of a MEMS device by Schwarz‐Christoffel numerical inversion and Pareto optimality
Authors: Costamagna E. , Di Barba P. , Savini A. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis paper sets out to provide a numerical procedure for field analysis and shape design for a class of MEMS devices.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed numerical procedure for field analysis relies on numerical inversion of Schwarz‐Christoffel (SC) transformations for doubly‐connected regions: the geometry of a given micromotor is mapped into an annulus, where the non‐radial field excited by the transformed electrodes is computed. In turn, the shape design relies on the definition of non‐dominated solution according to the Pareto optimality conditions.FindingsThe SC approach proposed here allows the designer to evaluate both driving torque and radial force characteristics of the device with suitable accuracy within short CPU times. In turn, this allows one to perform repeated field analyses for a large number of feasible geometries and to use enumerative approaches to design optimization. By this means, a 3D objective space is investigated to identify the optimal shape of an electrostatic micromotor, subject to prescribed constraints.Originality/valueTo the best of one's knowledge, the combination of SC transformations and Pareto optimality is an unprecedented method for MEMS design. In particular, it is expected that the proposed SC tools will supply a fast and accurate computation to compare or supplement results from FEM tools, when a large number of geometries should be analysed. This could be particularly useful in the preliminary steps of a design procedure for a given class of devices.
Modelling of vertical electrostatic comb‐drive for scanning micromirrors
Authors: Sulima Renata , Wiak Slawomir 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe main aim of this paper is to build an equivalent circuit model of a comb drive microactuator, while the phenomenon of generating the electric fringing field at electrode edges is taken into consideration.Design/methodology/approachThe approach to the comb drives design requires the “leakage capacitance” (appearing at electrode edges) to be introduced to the complex equivalent circuit model. Introducing these capacitances leads to defining the circuit model properly.FindingsSuch a complex approach by use of the equivalent circuits model could make it possible to reduce the discrepancy between the field and circuit models. These results were obtained after comparing both field and circuit models.Originality/valueMEMS microdrives are in the area which is being developed very dynamically. Improvements in the mathematical models would permit more precise microdrive design, leading to optimal structure.
Optimum design of Maglev lift system's electromagnet for weight reduction using response surface methodology
Authors: Hong Do‐Kwan , Kim Jong‐Moon 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss the optimum design of a Maglev lift system's electromagnet to reduce the weight of the machine with constraint of normal force using response surface methodology (RSM).Design/methodology/approachThe optimum design of Maglev lift system's electromagnet for weight reduction is performed by using RSM. The magnetostatic analysis of Maglev lift system's electromagnet is performed by using ANSYS.FindingsThe process is based on minimization of an appropriate objective function, while at each step the response is determined by the 3D finite element method (FEM).Research limitations/implicationsIt is necessary to compare normal force between the 3D FEM result and the experimental result of the manufactured model.Originality/valueThe paper deals with the possibility of using the RSM for optimization of an electromagnet with a higher number of the design variables.
Pareto optima and Nash equilibria
Authors: Cioffi M. , Di Barba P. , Formisano A. , Martone R. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis paper seeks to describe an approach to multi‐objective optimization problems (MOOPs) based on game theory (GT) and to provide a comparison with the more standard Pareto approach on a real design problem.Design/methodology/approachThe GT is first briefly presented, then a possible recasting of MOOPs in terms of GT is described, where players from GT are associated with single objectives and strategies to the choice of degrees of freedom. A comparison with the Pareto approach is performed on the optimized design of a superconducting synchronous generator.FindingsIt was shown that the GT can be applied to the optimized design of real world devices, with results that present a different viewpoint on the problem, yet with device performance comparable with those obtained by standard approaches.Research limitations/implicationsOnly the Nash approach to non‐cooperative games has been applied; the conditions for the solution found using GT to belong to the Pareto front have not been fully explored.Practical implicationsDesigners and engineers interested in optimal design are presented with a new design technique able to get a balance among conflicting partial objectives, that can also be used to select among different possible designs obtained in other ways (e.g. using the Pareto front approach).Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates the possibility of using GT in the design of real world electromagnetic devices, with reference to the optimal shape design of a high temperature superconducting single‐phase synchronous generator.
Conducted emission analysis of a lighting implement employing the 3D finite element method
Authors: Namba Yoshihiko , Kida Tomoyuki , Mitsutake Yoshio , Hirata Katsuhiro 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the simulation technique which can be used at the design stage in order to efficiently develop low‐electromagnetic emission type lighting implements.Design/methodology/approachThe influence on the conducted noise by the change of the implements' shape is investigated employing the 3D finite element method. Because of the difficulty in modelizing the electronic ballast accurately as a noise source, the electronic ballast is replaced by a comparison spectrum transmitter. Line impedance stabilization network is used for the measurement of the noise. The validity of this numerical model is confirmed by comparing the measurement results.FindingsThe validity of the computation was confirmed by comparison with the measured results of a simplified implement model. The difference between the measured and calculated results was less than 5 dB all over the frequency range.Research limitations/implicationsThe frequency range is from 10 to 30 MHz and the construction and wiring of the implement have a great influence on the electromagnetic field.Originality/valueIn previous papers, circuit simulators are used to analyze conducted emission from an electronic circuit including inverter, where common mode current cannot be taken into consideration. Therefore, the displacement current was taken into consideration in the model. Not only the implement, but also the measurement method and environment are modelized in the analyzed model.
Magnetic analysis of non‐destructive testing detectors for ferromagnetic ropes
Authors: Canova Aldo , Vusini Bruno 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe main aim of this paper is to explain how numerical magnetic field analysis can be adopted for the simulation of the effects generated when a rope fault occurs. In particular, some important aspects are examined regarding the magnetic flaw generated by internal and external rope faults and the capability of 2D and 3D magnetic field solutions to detect the magnetic flaws.Design/methodology/approachAfter a first explanation of the non‐destructive approach from the point of view of the many different methods that can be used to perform a test, an introduction about magnetic systems is provided. Then a 3D magnetic simulation, based on finite integrate technique, of the system is performed and the results compared with those obtained by a simpler 2D magnetic finite element analysis. In the 3D simulation real local damage to the rope is considered and the leakage fluxes around it plotted. A parametric simulation was performed by considering variations of the main geometrical parameters that in a real test can affect the results, such as the airgap between the rope and the measuring point (the position of the field sensors) and the radial position of the sensor itself. Finally, experimental results on the real prototype on many different commercial ropes are provided. In this last section an original method to evaluate the signal to noise ratio of the device is presented.FindingsAt first, a really good correspondence between 2D and 3D numerical results was observed. Then it was shown that the difference among the sensing capabilities of field probes placed around the rope is reduced when the position of the damage is higher than 90° in respect of the sensor itself. Moreover, when the angular distance between a sensor and a surface damage is higher than 90°, the damage signal provided by the sensor does not practically change.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the development method is always the same, the presented results are valid only for the configuration considered here. The experimental results of the signal to noise ratio are reported only for a reduced number of ropes.Practical implicationsThe design procedure can be adopted to develop real devices and to identify the best position of the field sensing system. In particular, the paper shows the difference between radial and axial components of the leakage fluxes around the damage and their variation when the defect moves along the device.Originality/valueThe paper shows a methodology based on 2D and 3D numerical magnetic field analysis for the design of a non‐destructive device for metallic ropes with particular attention being given to the influence of field sensor and damage positions.
Numerical implementations of the FEM‐DBCI integral equation
Authors: Alfonzetti S. , Aiello G. , Dilettoso E. , Salerno N. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss various numerical implementations of the integral equation in the hybrid finite element method‐Dirichlet boundary condition iteration (FEM‐DBCI) method for the numerical solution of unbounded static and quasi‐static electromagnetic field problems.Design/methodology/approachThree numerical implementations are described and compared from the point of view of accuracy and complexity, by means of two examples regarding simple electrostatic problems.FindingsThe implementation by means of a pair of integration surfaces made of element sides leads to accuracy levels which are much better than that of a single surface (made of element sides) and only a little worse than that of a single surface connecting point in the middle of finite element sides.Practical implicationsThe former implementations, however, are simpler since they are practically the same as that of a standard boundary element method integral equation.Originality/valueThe paper constitutes a useful guide to the implementation of the FEM‐DBCI method.
Numerical study of a double preconditioning strategy
Authors: Doucet Cédric , Charpentier Isabelle , Coulomb Jean‐Louis , Guérin Christophe , Le Floch Yann , Meunier Gerard 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to accelerate the convergence of iterative methods on ill‐conditioned linear systems of equations.Design/methodology/approachFirst a brief numerical analysis is given of left preconditioners on ill‐conditioned linear systems of equations. From this result, it is deduced that a double preconditioning approach may be better. Then, a double preconditioner based on an iterative diagonal scaling method and an incomplete factorization method is proposed. The efficiency of this approach is illustrated on two finite element models produced by computational electromagnetism.FindingsThe double preconditioning approach is efficient for 2D and 3D finite element problems. The bi‐conjugate gradient algorithm always converges when it is double preconditioned. This is not the case when a simple incomplete factorization method is applied. Furthermore, when the two preconditioning techniques lead to the convergence of the iterative solving method, the double preconditioner significantly reduces the number of iterations in comparison with the simple preconditioner. On the proposed 2D problem, the speed‐up is between 6 and 32. On the proposed 3D problem, the speed‐up is between 13 and 20. Finally, the approach seems to reduce the growth of the condition number when higher‐order finite elements are used.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper proposes a particular double preconditioning approach which can be applied to any invertible linear system of equations. A numerical evaluation on a singular linear system is also provided but no proof or analysis of stability is given for this case.Originality/valueThe paper presents a new preconditioning technique based on the combination of two very simple and elementary methods: a diagonal scaling method and an incomplete factorization process. Acceleration obtained from this approach is quite impressive.
FEM‐PEEC coupled method for modeling solid conductors in the presence of ferromagnetic material
Authors: Tran T‐S. , Meunier G. , Labie P. , Le Floch Y. , Guichon J‐M. , Roudet J. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis paper seeks to model magneto‐harmonic solid conductors in the presence of ferromagnetic materials.Design/methodology/approachThe approach takes the form of a coupling between the FEM and the PEEC method.FindingsThe paper shows one how to use the FEM‐PEEC coupled method to model a problem comprising solid conductors and ferromagnetic materials and compare its results with the FEM.Research limitations/implicationsThe formulation allows one to treat linear material in the magneto‐harmonic assumption.Originality/valueThe two methods FE and PEEC are well‐known. The innovation here is coupling these methods in order to profit by the main advantages.
The relationship between the interaction coefficient and the unhindered relative volume in a suspension
Authors: Sudduth Richard D. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to expand the theoretical meaning and application of the separate components of the interaction coefficient as obtained from the generalized viscosity model.Design/methodology/approachBoth theoretical and experimental analysis have been utilized to better understand the meaning of the separate components of the interaction coefficient obtained from the generalized viscosity model. Analysis of the experimental data of Schaller and Humphrey has been used to successfully isolate the separate components of the interaction coefficient.FindingsThe relative unhindered volume is the volume outside the sphere of influence of a particle that is responsible for the viscosity characteristics of a coating. This is the volume available for particles to move in the suspension and still contribute to the viscosity. The smaller the relative unhindered volume the higher the viscosity. As the interaction coefficient, σ, increases the particles increase their interaction with each other and the relative unhindered volume decreases. Using the data of Schaller and Humphrey, it was found that the interaction coefficient agreed best with the theoretical expectation relative to particle size when the ionic strength was low. At high levels of ionic strength, the solvent‐particle component of the interaction coefficient was dominant and the influence of particle size on the interaction coefficient was minimal.Research limitations/implicationsOnly one set of experimental data was successfully utilized for illustrative purposes in this study but the resulting analysis has implicated a broad range of practical applications. In addition, the general theoretical concepts elucidated relative to the interaction coefficient should still be applicable independent of the experimental results.Practical implicationsThe analysis presented in this paper provides several practical guidelines to separate and control the charge component of pigments in a suspension from their size component using the interaction coefficient as described in this study. Consequently, the results of this study should provide several new practical approaches to use when attempting to control the viscosity of suspensions for a broad range of practical applications and for a broad range of suspension types including coatings.Originality/valueThis is the first time that the theoretical statistical character of the interaction coefficient as indicated in the generalized viscosity model has been specifically elucidated. In addition, the relatively simple experimental separation of the interaction coefficient into its size and electrical components has been shown to be widely applicable in this paper.
A double‐edged sword: understanding vanity across cultures
Authors: Durvasula Srinivas , Lysonski Steven 
Published: August 2008

PurposeBased on their size, disposable income, and purchasing power, generation Y (Gen Y) consumers are viewed as the Holy Grail for marketers. Conversely, some of this group's behavior disturbs public policy officials, particularly when dealing with issues such as poor financial planning, bulimia and anorexia nervosa. The key question for both marketers and policy makers is what is the best way to understand the Gen Y segment? The vanity concept is used in this study as a way to understand the Gen Y consumer segment. The purpose of this paper is to examine vanity perceptions (cross‐nationally and by gender) as well as social and business implications with vanity.Design/methodology/approachKey research expectations are proposed that are related to cross‐cultural and gender differences on vanity perceptions. A sample of approximately 125 Gen Y consumers in two eastern and two western cultures was used to find support for the research expectations. Statistical results are reported.FindingsThe results clearly show that both gender and country have an impact on vanity perceptions. Concern for both physical appearance and professional achievement are higher in eastern cultures as compared to western cultures. Both males and females are highly concerned about physical appearance and professional achievements. However, self‐assessment of physical appearance and professional achievement are significantly lower among females as compared to males.Research limitations/implicationsIn future studies it would be interesting to study differences among other countries and consumer groups.Practical implicationsThe results of this study provide evidence to marketers that vanity appeals can resonate well with Gen Y especially those in China and India. For consumer protection advocates, results offer insights about the extent to which importance of vanity is likely to increase, especially in countries that embrace globalization.Originality/valueSo far, no study has applied the vanity scale to understand the Gen Y segment, despite the financial power of this group in purchasing both desirable and undesirable products; nor has any study examined whether vanity perceptions vary cross‐nationally, especially between economically developed western cultures and developing economies with large populations representing eastern cultures.
Imitation as the sincerest form of ignorance
Authors: Rotfeld Herbert Jack 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to note the imitation of apparently successful advertising as a replacement for thought by too many advertisers, misapplying the tactics of what seem to be past successes by other companies to current situations, sometimes not even attempting to find insight relevant to the current advertising situation. Imitation of what may be lucky accidents has become a tool for improper applications of old tactics to new problems.Design/methodology/approachNoting the frequent pronouncements by business journalists that many businesses do things because they know they “work,” the reality is that even among marketing professionals, conventional wisdom is often, at best, an oxymoron.FindingsThe pragmatic business need is to analyze new situations and consumer interests.Originality/valueThe paper shows that, since advertising decisions are often the recommendations from outside suppliers, business managers who pay for this advice must realize that past success by others does not mean that an imitative effort will enjoy similar success. Without data on how or why the other effort might have been successful means that imitation could be borrowing the worst parts of the earlier ideas.