bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VLBI astrometry of radio stars to link radio and optical celestial reference frames: observing strategies
Authors: Zhang Jingdong , Zhang Bo , Xu Shuangjing , Liu Niu , Chen Wen , Ding Hao , Jiang Pengfei , Sun Yan , Wang Jinqing , Cui Lang , Wen Shiming , Mai Xiaofeng , Li Jinling , Shu Fengchun , Huang Yidan 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The Gaia celestial reference frame (Gaia-CRF) will benefit from a close assessment with independent methods, such as Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) measurements of radio stars at bright magnitudes. However, obtaining full astrometric parameters for each radio star through VLBI measurements demands a significant amount of observation time. This study proposes an efficient observing strategy that acquires double-epoch VLBI positions to measure the positions and proper motions of radio stars at a reduced cost. The solution for CRF link compatible with individual VLBI position measurements is introduced, and the optimized observing epoch scheduling is discussed. Applying this solution to observational data yields results sensitive to sample increase or decrease, yet they remain consistently in line with the literature at the 1σ level. This suggests the potential for improvement with a larger sample size. Simulations show that the double-epoch strategy reduces CRF link parameter uncertainties by over 30 per cent compared to the five-parameter strategy.
On stellar migration from Andromeda to the Milky Way
Authors: Gülzow Lukas , Fairbairn Malcolm , Schwarz Dominik J 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Recent Gaia observations suggest that some hypervelocity stars (HVSs) might originate from outside the Galaxy. We ask whether these HVSs could come from as far as Andromeda. Therefore, we simulate HVSs originating in Andromeda with initial conditions based on attributes of high-velocity stars measured in the Milky Way and a simple model for the gravitational potential of Andromeda and the Milky Way. We evaluate the validity of this scenario based on the simulation results. While we expect that the vast majority of HVSs in our Galaxy will originate here, we expect the number of stars present from Andromeda at any one time to be between 12 and 3910, depending upon model assumptions. Further, we analyse the properties of HVSs that are able to reach the Milky Way. We discuss whether they could be detected experimentally based on recent constraints set on the ejection rate of HVSs from the Milky Way centre.
Predicting the linear response of self-gravitating stellar spheres and discs with LinearResponse.jl
Authors: Petersen Michael S , Roule Mathieu , Fouvry Jean-Baptiste , Pichon Christophe , Tep Kerwann 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We present LinearResponse.jl, an efficient, versatile public library written in julia to compute the linear response of self-gravitating (three-dimensional spherically symmetric) stellar spheres and (two-dimensional axisymmetric razor-thin) discs. LinearResponse.jl can scan the whole complex frequency plane, probing unstable, neutral and (weakly) damped modes. Given a potential model and a distribution function, this numerical toolbox estimates the modal frequencies as well as the shapes of individual modes. The libraries are validated against a combination of previous results for the spherical isochrone model and Mestel discs, and new simulations for the spherical Plummer model. Beyond linear response theory, the realm of applications of LinearResponse.jl also extends to the kinetic theory of self-gravitating systems through a modular interface.
Reinterpreting fundamental plane correlations with machine learning
Authors: Schafer Chad , Singh Sukhdeep , Jagvaral Yesukhei 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
This work explores the relationships between galaxy sizes and related observable galaxy properties in a large volume cosmological hydrodynamical simulation. The objectives of this work are to develop a better understanding of both the correlations between galaxy properties and the influence of environment on galaxy physics in order to build an improved model for the galaxy sizes, building off of the fundamental plane. With an accurate intrinsic galaxy size predictor, the residuals in the observed galaxy sizes can potentially be used for multiple cosmological applications, including making measurements of galaxy velocities in spectroscopic samples, estimating the rate of cosmic expansion, and constraining the uncertainties in the photometric redshifts of galaxies. Using projection pursuit regression, the model accurately predicts intrinsic galaxy sizes and have residuals which have limited correlation with galaxy properties. The model decreases the spatial correlation of galaxy size residuals by a factor of ∼5 at small scales compared to the baseline correlation when the mean size is used as a predictor.
Determinants of CRISPR Cas12a nuclease activation by DNA and RNA targets
Authors: Nalefski Eric A , Kooistra Remy M , Parikh Ishira , Hedley Samantha , Rajaraman Karunya , Madan Damian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The RNA-guided CRISPR-associated (Cas) enzyme Cas12a cleaves specific double-stranded (ds-) or single-stranded (ss-) DNA targets (in cis), unleashing non-specific ssDNA cleavage (in trans). Though this trans-activity is widely coopted for diagnostics, little is known about target determinants promoting optimal enzyme performance. Using quantitative kinetics, we show formation of activated nuclease proceeds via two steps whereby rapid binding of Cas12a ribonucleoprotein to target is followed by a slower allosteric transition. Activation does not require a canonical protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM), nor is utilization of such PAMs predictive of high trans-activity. We identify several target determinants that can profoundly impact activation times, including bases within the PAM (for ds- but not ssDNA targets) and sequences within and outside those complementary to the spacer, DNA topology, target length, presence of non-specific DNA, and ribose backbone itself, uncovering previously uncharacterized cleavage of and activation by RNA targets. The results provide insight into the mechanism of Cas12a activation, with direct implications on the role of Cas12a in bacterial immunity and for Cas-based diagnostics.
Molecular mechanism of the one-component regulator RccR on bacterial metabolism and virulence
Authors: Zhu Yibo , Mou Xingyu , Song Yingjie , Zhang Qianqian , Sun Bo , Liu Huanxiang , Tang Hong , Bao Rui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The regulation of carbon metabolism and virulence is critical for the rapid adaptation of pathogenic bacteria to host conditions. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, RccR is a transcriptional regulator of genes involved in primary carbon metabolism and is associated with bacterial resistance and virulence, although the exact mechanism is unclear. Our study demonstrates that PaRccR is a direct repressor of the transcriptional regulator genes mvaU and algU. Biochemical and structural analyses reveal that PaRccR can switch its DNA recognition mode through conformational changes triggered by KDPG binding or release. Mutagenesis and functional analysis underscore the significance of allosteric communication between the SIS domain and the DBD domain. Our findings suggest that, despite its overall structural similarity to other bacterial RpiR-type regulators, RccR displays a more complex regulatory element binding mode induced by ligands and a unique regulatory mechanism.
Klotho in pregnancy and intrauterine development—potential clinical implications: a review from the European Renal Association CKD-MBD Working Group
Authors: Kanbay Mehmet , Mutlu Ali , Bakir Cicek N , Peltek Ibrahim B , Canbaz Ata A , Díaz Tocados Juan Miguel , Haarhaus Mathias 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Intrauterine development is crucial for life-long health; therefore, elucidation of its key regulators is of interest for their potential prognostic and therapeutic implications. Originally described as a membrane-bound anti-aging protein, Klotho has evolved as a regulator of numerous functions in different organ systems. Circulating Klotho is generated by alternative splicing or active shedding from cell membranes. Recently, Klotho was identified as a regulator of placental function, and while Klotho does not cross the placental barrier, increased levels of circulating α-Klotho have been identified in umbilical cord blood compared with maternal blood, indicating that Klotho may also play a role in intrauterine development. In this narrative review, we discuss novel insights into the specific functions of the Klotho proteins in the placenta and in intrauterine development, while summarizing up-to-date knowledge about their structures and functions. Klotho plays a role in stem cell functioning, organogenesis and haematopoiesis. Low circulating maternal and foetal levels of Klotho are associated with preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and an increased perinatal risk for newborns, indicating a potential use of Klotho as biomarker and therapeutic target. Experimental administration of Klotho protein indicates a neuro- and nephroprotective potential, suggesting a possible future role of Klotho as a therapeutic agent. However, the use of Klotho as intervention during pregnancy is as yet unproven. Here, we summarize novel evidence, suggesting Klotho as a key regulator for healthy pregnancies and intrauterine development with promising potential for clinical use.
Burnout and career satisfaction in young neuro-oncology investigators: Results of the Society for Neuro-Oncology Young Investigator Survey
Authors: Youssef Gilbert , Acquaye-Mallory Alvina , Vera Elizabeth , Chheda Milan G , Dunn Gavin P , Moliterno Jennifer , O’Brien Barbara J , Venere Monica , Yust-Katz Shlomit , Lee Eudocia Q , Armstrong Terri S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Burnout is a syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a reduced sense of accomplishment, which commonly arises from chronic workplace stress in the medical field. Given the higher risk of burnout in younger age groups reported in some studies, the Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) Young Investigator (YI) and Wellness Committees combined efforts to examine burnout in the SNO YI membership to better understand and address their needs.

Methods
We distributed an anonymous online survey to SNO members in 2019. Only those meeting the definition of a YI were asked to complete the survey. The survey consisted of questions about personal and professional characteristics as well as the validated Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) questionnaire. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate analyses, and incorporation of previously defined burnout profiles.

Results
Data were analyzed for 173 participants who self-identified as YI. Measures of burnout showed that YI members scored higher on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization compared to normative population but similar to those in a prior SNO general membership survey. With respect to burnout profiles, 30% of YI respondents classified as overextended and 15% as burnout. Organizational challenges were the most common contributors to stress.

Conclusions
Similar to results from a previous survey completed by general SNO membership, the prevalence of burnout among neuro-oncology clinical and research YI is high, and is mainly characterized by overextension, warranting interventions at institutional and organizational levels.
Syphilis Treatment: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Investigating Nonpenicillin Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Callado Gustavo Yano , Gutfreund Maria Celidonio , Pardo Isabele , Hsieh Mariana Kim , Lin Vivian , Sampson Mindy Marie , Nava Guillermo Rodriguez , Marins Tássia Aporta , Deliberato Rodrigo Octávio , Martino Marinês Dalla Valle , Holubar Marisa , Salinas Jorge L , Marra Alexandre R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Penicillin's long-standing role as the reference standard in syphilis treatment has led to global reliance. However, this dependence presents challenges, prompting the need for alternative strategies. We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of these alternative treatments against nonneurological syphilis.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception to 28 August 2023, and we included studies that compared penicillin or amoxicillin monotherapy to other treatments for the management of nonneurological syphilis. Our primary outcome was serological cure rates. Random-effect models were used to obtain pooled mean differences, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test.

Results
Of 6478 screened studies, 27 met the inclusion criteria, summing 6710 patients. The studies were considerably homogeneous, and stratified analyses considering each alternative treatment separately revealed that penicillin monotherapy did not outperform ceftriaxone (pooled odds ratio, 1.66 [95% confidence interval, .97–2.84]; I2 = 0%), azithromycin (0.92; [.73–1.18]; I2 = 0%), or doxycycline (0.82 [.61–1.10]; I2 = 1%) monotherapies with respect to serological conversion.

Conclusions
Alternative treatment strategies have serological cure rates equivalent to penicillin, potentially reducing global dependence on this antibiotic.
A nanopore-based cucumber genome assembly reveals structural variations at two QTLs controlling hypocotyl elongation
Authors: Liu Bin , Shen Cheng-Cheng , Xia Shi-Wei , Song Shan-Shan , Su Li-Hong , Li Yu , Hao Qian , Liu Yan-Jun , Guan Dai-Lu , Wang Ning , Wang Wen-Jiao , Zhao Xiang , Li Huan-Xiu , Li Xi-Xiang , Lai Yun-Song 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Xishuangbanna (XIS) cucumber (Cucumis sativus var. xishuangbannanesis) is a semiwild variety that has many distinct agronomic traits. Here, long reads generated by Nanopore sequencing technology helped assembling a high-quality genome (contig N50 = 8.7 Mb) of landrace XIS49. A total of 10,036 structural/sequence variations (SVs) were identified when comparing with Chinese Long (CL), and known SVs controlling spines, tubercles, and carpel number were confirmed in XIS49 genome. Two QTLs of hypocotyl elongation under low light, SH3.1 and SH6.1, were fine-mapped using introgression lines (donor parent, XIS49; recurrent parent, CL). SH3.1 encodes a red-light receptor Phytochrome B (PhyB, CsaV3_3G015190). A ∼4 kb region with large deletion and highly divergent regions (HDRs) were identified in the promoter of the PhyB gene in XIS49. Loss of function of this PhyB caused a super-long hypocotyl phenotype. SH6.1 encodes a CCCH-type zinc finger protein FRIGIDA-ESSENTIAL LIKE (FEL, CsaV3_6G050300). FEL negatively regulated hypocotyl elongation but it was transcriptionally suppressed by long terminal repeats retrotransposon insertion in CL cucumber. Mechanistically, FEL physically binds to the promoter of CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1a (COP1a), regulating the expression of COP1a and the downstream hypocotyl elongation. These above results demonstrate the genetic mechanism of cucumber hypocotyl elongation under low light.
Genetic engineering of drought- and salt-tolerant tomato via Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase S-nitrosylation
Authors: Liu Wei , Wei Jin-Wei , Shan Qing , Liu Minghui , Xu Jinghao , Gong Biao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Drought and soil salinization substantially impact agriculture. While proline’s role in enhancing stress tolerance is known, the exact molecular mechanism by which plants process stress signals and control proline synthesis under stress is still not fully understood. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), drought and salt stress stimulate nitric oxide (NO) production, which boosts proline synthesis by activating Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (SlP5CS) and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (SlP5CR) genes and the P5CR enzyme. The crucial factor is stress-triggered NO production, which regulates the S-nitrosylation of SlP5CR at Cys-5, thereby increasing its NAD(P)H affinity and enzymatic activity. S-nitrosylation of SlP5CR enables tomato plants to better adapt to changing NAD(P)H levels, boosting both SlP5CR activity and proline synthesis during stress. By comparing tomato lines genetically modified to express different forms of SlP5CR, including a variant mimicking S-nitrosylation (SlP5CRC5W), we found that SlP5CRC5W plants show superior growth and stress tolerance. This is attributed to better P5CR activity, proline production, water use efficiency, reactive oxygen species scavenging, and sodium excretion. Overall, this study demonstrates that tomato engineered to mimic S-nitrosylated SlP5CR exhibits enhanced growth and yield under drought and salt stress conditions, highlighting a promising approach for stress-tolerant tomato cultivation.
Peroxisomal 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligases participate in shikonin production in Lithospermum erythrorhizon
Authors: Nakanishi Kohei , Li Hao , Ichino Takuji , Tatsumi Kanade , Osakabe Keishi , Watanabe Bunta , Shimomura Koichiro , Yazaki Kazufumi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
4-Coumaroyl-CoA ligase (4CL) is a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway, which is involved in the biosynthesis of various specialized metabolites such as flavonoids, coumarins, lignans, and lignin. Plants have several 4CLs showing divergence in sequence: Class I 4CLs involved in lignin metabolism, Class II 4CLs associated with flavonoid metabolism, and atypical 4CLs and 4CL-like proteins of unknown function. Shikonin, a Boraginaceae-specific specialized metabolite in red gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon), is biosynthesized from p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and the involvement of 4CL in its biosynthesis has long been debated. In this study, we demonstrated the requirement of 4CL for shikonin biosynthesis using a 4CL-specific inhibitor. In silico analysis of the L. erythrorhizon genome revealed the presence of at least 8 4CL genes, among which the expression of 3 (Le4CL3, Le4CL4, and Le4CL5) showed a positive association with shikonin production. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Le4CL5 belongs to Class I 4CLs, while Le4CL3 and Le4CL4 belong to clades that are distant from Class I and Class II. Interestingly, both Le4CL3 and Le4CL4 have peroxisome targeting signal 1 in their C-terminal region, and subcellular localization analysis revealed that both localize to the peroxisome. We targeted each of the 3 Le4CL genes by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis and observed remarkably lower shikonin production in Le4CL3-ge and Le4CL4-ge genome-edited lines compared with the vector control. We, therefore, conclude that peroxisomal Le4CL3 and Le4CL4 are responsible for shikonin production and propose a model for metabolite-specific 4CL distribution in L. erythrorhizon.
Transcription factor OsWRKY72 controls rice leaf angle by regulating LAZY1-mediated shoot gravitropism
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhao Lirong , Liu Yunwei , Zhu Yi , Chen Shidie , Yang Lu , Li Xia , Chen Wanqin , Xu Zhiyu , Xu Peng , Wang Houping , Yu Diqiu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Leaf angle is a major trait of ideal architecture, which is considered to influence rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation and grain yield. Although a few mutants with altered rice leaf inclination angles have been reported, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we showed that a WRKY transcription factor gene, OsWRKY72, was highly expressed in the leaf sheath and lamina joint. Phenotypic analyses showed that oswrky72 mutants had smaller leaf angles than the wild type, while OsWRKY72 overexpression lines exhibited an increased leaf angle. This observation suggests that OsWRKY72 functions as a positive regulator, promoting the enlargement of the leaf angle. Our bioinformatics analysis identified LAZY1 as the downstream gene of OsWRKY72. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual-luciferase analysis revealed that OsWRKY72 directly inhibited LAZY1 by binding to its promoter. Moreover, knocking out OsWRKY72 enhanced shoot gravitropism, which contrasted with the phenotype of lazy1 plants. These results imply that OsWRKY72 regulates the leaf angle through gravitropism by reducing the expression of LAZY1. In addition, OsWRKY72 could directly regulate the expression of other leaf angle–related genes such as FLOWERING LOCUS T-LIKE 12 (OsFTL12) and WALL-ASSOCIATED KINASE 11 (OsWAK11). Our study indicates that OsWRKY72 contributes positively to the expansion of the leaf angle by interfering with shoot gravitropism in rice.
Early complications of a novel retrograde intramedullary femoral nail in the treatment of femur fractures
Authors: Cinats David J. , Bashir Azhar , Toney Clarence B. , Satpathy Jibanananda , Kates Stephen L. , Perdue Paul W. 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the early implant failure rate of a novel retrograde intramedullary femoral nail

METHODS:

Design: Retrospective matched case control

Setting:
Academic level 1 trauma center

Patients Selection Criteria:
Patients 18 years and older with an acute AO/OTA 32-A, 32-B, 32-C, and 33-A fracture or periprosthetic distal femur fracture from April 2018 to April 2022 were included in the study. The two interventions compared were the Synthes Expert Retrograde/antegrade femoral nail (RAFN or control implant) versus the next generation RFN-Advanced retrograde femoral nail (RFNA or experimental implant) (Synthes, West Chester, PA).

Outcome Measures and Comparisons: Early implanted-related complications between the experimental and control implants were assessed including locking screw backout, screw breakage, intramedullary nail failure, need for secondary surgery, and loss of fracture reduction

RESULTS:
314 patients were identified with a mean age of 31.0 years and 62.4% of the patients being male. Open fractures occurred in 32.5% of patients with 3.8% of injuries being distal femur periprosthetic fractures. 56 patients in the experimental group and 258 patients in the control group. Mean follow-up was 46.8 weeks for the control cohort and 21.0 weeks for the experimental cohort. Distal interlocking screw backout occurred in 23.2% [13 of 56] of experimental group patients and 1.9% [5 of 258] of control group patients (p<0.0001). Initial diagnosis of interlocking screw back out occurred at an average of 3.2 weeks post-operatively (range, 2-12 weeks). 54% of patients that sustained screw back-out underwent a secondary operation to remove the symptomatic screws (12.5% of all patients treated with the experimental implant required an unplanned secondary operation due to screw backout). A logistic regression model was used to predict screw back out and found the experimental implant group was 4.3 times as likely to experience distal locking screw backout compared to the control group (p=0.01).

CONCLUSIONS:
The RFNA implant was associated with a significantly higher rate of screw back-out with a substantial number of unplanned secondary surgeries compared to the previous generation of this implant.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.