bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular isotopologue measurements toward super star clusters and the relation to their ages in NGC 253 with ALCHEMI
Authors: Butterworth J. , Viti S. , Van der Werf P. P. , Mangum J. G. , Martín S. , Harada N. , Emig K. L. , Muller S. , Sakamoto K. , Yoshimura Y. , Tanaka K. , Herrero-Illana R. , Colzi L. , Rivilla V. M. , Huang K. Y. , Bouvier M. , Behrens E. , Henkel C. , Yan Y. T. , Meier D. S. , Zhou D. 
Published: March 2024

Context. Determining the evolution of the CNO isotopes in the interstellar medium (ISM) of starburst galaxies can yield important constraints on the ages of super star clusters (SSCs), or on other aspects and factors contributing to their evolution, such as the initial mass function (IMF). Due to the time-dependent nature of the abundances of isotopes within the ISM – as they are supplied from processes such as nucleosynthesis or chemical fractionation –, this provides the opportunity to test whether or not isotope ratios trace the ages of highly star-forming regions, such as SSCs.
Aims. The goal of this study is to investigate whether the isotopic variations in SSC regions within NGC 253 are correlated with their different ages as derived from stellar population modelling.
Methods. We measured abundance ratios of CO, HCN, and HCO+ isotopologues in six regions containing SSCs within NGC 253 using high-spatial-resolution (1.6″, ∼28 pc) data from the ALCHEMI (ALma Comprehensive High-resolution Extragalactic Molecular Inventory) ALMA Large program. We then analysed these ratios using RADEX radiative transfer modelling, with the parameter space sampled using the nested sampling Monte Carlo algorithm MLFriends. These abundance ratios were then compared to ages predicted in each region via the fitting of observed star-formation tracers (such as Brγ) to Starburst99 starburst stellar population evolution models.
Results. We determined the isotopic column density ratios across multiple regions of SSC activity in NGC 253 using non-LTE radiative transfer modelling. We do not find any significant trend with age for the CO and HCN isotopologue ratios on timescales of the ages of the SSC* regions observed. However, HCO+ may show a correlation with age over these timescales in 12C/13C.
Conclusions. The driving factors of these ratios within SSCs could be the IMF or fractionation effects. To further probe these effects in SSCs over time, a larger sample of SSCs must be observed spanning a larger age range.
The effect of nonlocal disk processes on the volatile CHNOS budgets of planetesimal-forming material
Authors: Oosterloo M. , Kamp I. , van Westrenen W. 
Published: March 2024

Context. The bulk abundances of CHNOS-bearing species of a planet have a profound effect on its interior structure and evolution. Therefore, it is key to investigate the behavior of the local abundances of these elements in the solid phase in the earliest stages of planet formation, where micrometer-sized dust grows into larger and larger aggregates. However, the physical and chemical processes occurring in planet-forming disks that shape these abundances are highly coupled and nonlocal.Aims. We aim to quantify the effects of the interplay between dynamical processes (turbulent diffusion, dust settling and radial drift), collision processes (coagulation and fragmentation), and the adsorption and desorption of ices on the abundances of CHNOS in local disk solids as a function of position throughout the planet-forming region.Methods. We used SHAMPOO (Stochastic Monomer Processor), which tracks the ice budgets of CHNOS-bearing molecules of a dust monomer as it undergoes nonlocal disk processing in a Class I disk. We used a large set of individual monomer evolutionary trajectories to make inferences about the properties of the local dust populations via a stochastic analysis of 64 000 monomers on a preexisting spatial grid.Results. We find that spatially, monomers can travel larger distances farther out in the disk, leading to a larger spread in positions of origin for a dust population at, for example,r= 50 AU compared tor= 2 AU. However, chemically, the inner disk (r≲ 10 AU) is more nonlocal due to the closer spacing of ice lines in this disk region. Although to zeroth order the bulk ice mantle composition of icy dust grains remains similar compared to a fully local dust population, the ice mass associated with individual chemical species can change significantly. The largest differences with local dust populations were found near ice lines where the collisional timescale is comparable to the adsorption and desorption timescales. Here, aggregates may become significantly depleted in ice as a consequence of microscopic collisional mixing, a previously unknown effect where monomers are stored away in aggregate interiors through rapid cycles of coagulation and fragmentation.Conclusions. Nonlocal ice processing in a diffusion-dominated, massive, smooth disk has the most significant impact on the inner disk (r≲ 10 AU). Furthermore, microscopic collisional mixing can have a significant effect on the amounts of ice of individual species immediately behind their respective ice lines. This suggests that ice processing is highly coupled to collisional processing in this disk region, which implies that the interiors of dust aggregates must be considered and not just their surfaces.
Transition énergétique - les défis de la défossilisation
Authors: Bonhomme Gérard 
Published: March 2024

Ce dossier spécial sur l’énergie marque l’aboutissement d’un travail de longue haleine mené au sein de la commission Énergie & Environnement de la SFP. L’impulsion de départ du projet avait été donnée par Michel Spiro. Il indiquait déjà dans l’éditorial intitulé « Les physiciens face au défi du réchauffement climatique » du n°55 de Reflets de la physique (octobre-novembre 2017), les principales thématiques dans lesquelles les physiciens devraient s’impliquer pour affronter ce défi mondial de la transition énergétique. Cette transition doit conduire à renoncer aux combustibles fossiles, qui représented pourtant actuellement plus de 80 % des ressources en énergie primaire au niveau mondial et assurent de l’ordre de 60 % de notre consommation d’énergie finale en France et en Europe. On mesure immédiatement I’ampleur du défi !
Usages énergétiques des biomasses
Authors: Boissonnet Guillaume 
Published: March 2024

Le contexte climatique et géopolitique pousse nos sociétés à rechercher comment utiliser au mieux de nouvelles ressources d’énergie, sans contribuer à l’effet de serre. Cependant, « neutre vis-à-vis de l’effet de serre » ne veut pas dire sans carbone. Ainsi, évaluer la neutralité carbone doit se faire sur l’ensemble d’une filière de transformation, et les lois de la thermodynamique s’appliquent à chaque étape.
Dans le mix énergétique actuel, le carbone fossile est majoritaire et dominant. Et, même dans un système futur, le carbone restera incontournable pour les matériaux, la chimie et l’énergie, tout comme pour l’alimentation. Nous allons voir qu’il s’agit moins de « décarboner » le système que de le « défossiliser ». Le carbone étant alors une ressource critique, il s’agit d’en favoriser les meilleurs usages et de maximiser son rendement de transformation.
Éolien en mer : du fixe au flottant
Authors: Gilloteaux Jean-Christophe , Aubrun Sandrine 
Published: March 2024

L’éolien est l’énergie qui devrait apporter la plus grande contribution aux objectifs de déploiement d’énergie renouvelable pour 2030 et au-delà. La capacité éolienne installée dans I’Union européenne est d’environ 236 GW (fin 2021) ; avec 207 GW d’éolien terrestre et 28 GW d’éolien en mer, elle couvre 15 % de la demande d’électricité (8 % en France). Les scénarios les plus prometteurs visent à atteindre une capacité totale de 60 à 80 GW d’énergie éolienne offshore installée d’ici 2030, dont 6 à 12 GW d’éolien offshore flottant.
Dans cet article, quelques éléments de contexte sur l’éolien en mer sont donnés. Les avantages de l’éolien flottant, les verrous associés, et les dispositifs innovants d’expérimentation hybride sont brièvement exposés.
Le poids des ressources minérales dans les systèmes énergétiques
Authors: Bonhomme Gérard , Treiner Jacques , Vidal Olivier 
Published: March 2024

L’humanité utilise les ressources minérales à un niveau sans précédent et la demande va continuer de croitre au cours des prochaines décennies, alimentée par les transitions énergétique et numérique et le développement économique des pays très peuplés. Mais la nature et les quantités de ressources minérales nécessaires sont fortement dépendantes des types d’utilisation envisagés, lesquels varient selon l’organisation et le niveau de développement des sociétés.
La demande en matières premières doit donc être estimée selon une approche dynamique et régionalisée, prenant en compte les différents scénarios de développement, notamment pour ce qui concerne le déploiement de ressources énergétiques renouvelables ou décarbonées.
Le présent article reprend en les résumant les principales analyses d’articles précédemment publiés d’Olivier Vidal et al. [1-4].
Embodied interaction with face masks and social distancing
Authors: Schröder Ulrike , Gonçalves Sineide 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this article, we ask how interlocutors proceed with their daily activities in the first months of the Covid-19
pandemic when faced with new ways of communication due to social distancing and the use of face masks. We carried out a
fine-grained analysis of different micropractices from daily work in a healthcare center in Brazil and built our analysis on
multimodal conversation analysis (MCA), interactional linguistics (IC), as well as gesture studies (GS). The analysis revealed
that particularly the following recurrent patterns seem to be characteristic for communication during the pandemic in the given
microcontexts: (a) a high use of deictic gestures, (b) an intensification of prosodic means, (c) verbal strategies such as
reformulation and repetition, (d) the integration of object manipulation and (e) mitigation strategies in case of new formats that
imply intrusion such as controls at travel checkpoints.
Numerical study of plasmas start-up by electron cyclotron waves in NCST spherical tokamak and CN-H1 stellarator
Authors: LIU 刘 Yizhuohang 亿卓行 , ZHENG 郑 Pingwei 平卫 , GONG 龚 Xueyu 学余 , YIN 尹 Lan 岚 , CHEN 陈 Xiaochang 小昌 , ZHONG 钟 Yijun 翊君 , YANG 杨 Wenjun 文军 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
According to the physics of tokamak start-up, this study constructs a zero-dimensional (0D) model applicable to electron cyclotron (EC) wave assisted start-up in NCST spherical torus (spherical tokamak) and CN-H1 stellarators. Using the constructed 0D model, the results obtained in this study under the same conditions are compared and validated against reference results for pure hydrogen plasma start-up in tokamak. The results are in good agreement, especially regarding electron temperature, ion temperature and plasma current. In the presence of finite Ohmic electric field in the spherical tokamak, a study on the EC wave assisted start-up of the NCST plasma at frequency of 28 GHz is conducted. The impact of the vertical magnetic field B
v on EC wave assisted start-up, the relationship between EC wave injection power P
inj, Ohmic electric field E, and initial hydrogen atom density n
H0 are explored separately. It is found that under conditions of Ohmic electric field lower than ITER (~ 0.3 V m−1), EC wave can expand the operational space to achieve better plasma parameters. Simulating the process of 28 GHz EC wave start-up in the CN-H1 stellarator plasma, the plasma current in the zero-dimensional model is replaced with the current in the poloidal coil of the stellarator. Plasma start-up can be successfully achieved at injection powers in the hundreds of kilowatts range, resulting in electron densities on the order of 1017–1018 m–3.
Vertebrates can be more important pollinators than invertebrates on islands: the case of Malva (=Lavatera) arborea L.
Authors: Robles Cristina , Romero-Egea Víctor , Traveset Anna , Ruiz de Ybáñez Rocío , Hervías-Parejo Sandra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Premise of the study: On islands, flowering plants tend to be more generalist in their pollination needs, as insects (the main pollinators of flowering plants) are underrepresented in these ecosystems compared to the mainland. In addition, some vertebrate species that are typically insectivorous or granivorous on the mainland are forced to broaden their diet and consume other resources such as nectar or pollen on the islands. The shrub Malva arborea, with its large and colourful flowers, attracts different groups of potential pollinators. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of vertebrates versus insects in an insular population of M. arborea and to investigate its reproductive system. Methods: For three groups of taxa (insects, birds and lizards), we assessed the two components of pollination effectiveness: (i) the quantitative component (i.e. number of visits and number of flowers contacted) through direct observations of flowers; and (ii) the qualitative component (fruit and seed set, number and size of seeds and proportion of seedling emergence) through pollinator exclusion experiments. Key results: Vertebrates (birds and lizards) were quantitatively the most effective pollinators, followed by insects. However, when all three groups visited the flowers, fruit and seed set were higher than when any of them were excluded. We also found that M. arborea has hermaphrodite flowers and is able to reproduce by autogamy, although less efficiently than when pollinated by animals. Conclusions: Both vertebrates and insects play an important role in the reproduction of M. arborea. Although the plant does not need pollinators to produce seeds, its reproductive success increases when all pollinators are allowed to visit the flowers. Besides providing new information on M. arborea, these findings may help to better understand the role of different pollinator groups in the reproduction of other plant species, especially on islands where the co-occurrence of vertebrate and invertebrate pollination in the same plant species is usual.
TransGCN: a semi-supervised graph convolution network–based framework to infer protein translocations in spatio-temporal proteomics
Authors: Wang Bing , Zhang Xiangzheng , Han Xudong , Hao Bingjie , Li Yan , Guo Xuejiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Protein subcellular localization (PSL) is very important in order to understand its functions, and its movement between subcellular niches within cells plays fundamental roles in biological process regulation. Mass spectrometry–based spatio-temporal proteomics technologies can help provide new insights of protein translocation, but bring the challenge in identifying reliable protein translocation events due to the noise interference and insufficient data mining. We propose a semi-supervised graph convolution network (GCN)–based framework termed TransGCN that infers protein translocation events from spatio-temporal proteomics. Based on expanded multiple distance features and joint graph representations of proteins, TransGCN utilizes the semi-supervised GCN to enable effective knowledge transfer from proteins with known PSLs for predicting protein localization and translocation. Our results demonstrate that TransGCN outperforms current state-of-the-art methods in identifying protein translocations, especially in coping with batch effects. It also exhibited excellent predictive accuracy in PSL prediction. TransGCN is freely available on GitHub at https://github.com/XuejiangGuo/TransGCN.
Elevated incidence of somatic mutations at prevalent genetic sites
Authors: Wang Mengyao , Li Shuai Cheng , Shen Bairong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The common loci represent a distinct set of the human genome sites that harbor genetic variants found in at least 1% of the population. Small somatic mutations occur at the common loci and non-common loci, i.e. csmVariants and ncsmVariants, are presumed with similar probabilities. However, our work revealed that within the coding region, common loci constituted only 1.03% of all loci, yet they accounted for 5.14% of TCGA somatic mutations. Furthermore, the small somatic mutation incidence rate at these common loci was 2.7 times that observed in the non-common. Notably, the csmVariants exhibited an impressive recurrent rate of 36.14%, which was 2.59 times of the ncsmVariants. The C-to-T transition at the CpG sites accounted for 32.41% of the csmVariants, which was 2.93 times for the ncsmVariants. Interestingly, the aging-related mutational signature contributed to 13.87% of the csmVariants, 5.5 times that of ncsmVariants. Moreover, 35.93% of the csmVariants contexts exhibited palindromic features, outperforming ncsmVariant contexts by 1.84 times. Notably, cancer patients with higher csmVariants rates had better progression-free survival. Furthermore, cancer patients with high-frequency csmVariants enriched with mismatch repair deficiency were also associated with better progression-free survival. The accumulation of csmVariants during cancerogenesis is a complex process influenced by various factors. These include the presence of a substantial percentage of palindromic sequences at csmVariants sites, the impact of aging and DNA mismatch repair deficiency. Together, these factors contribute to the higher somatic mutation incidence rates of common loci and the overall accumulation of csmVariants in cancer development.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Complex Cystic and Solid Breast Masses—A Feasibility Study
Authors: Shi Haiyuan , Chee Charlyn Chai Hoon , Seng Angela Peck Ying , Koh Xuan Han , Teoh Wey Chyi , Mahmood Rameysh Danovani 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Complex cystic and solid breast mass (CCSBM) is a radiological diagnosis based on grayscale B-mode sonographic features. Because of potential for malignancy, biopsy is typically recommended. We examined the feasibility of contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) as a tool to identify benign CCSBMs.

Methods
This Institutional Review Board–approved prospective observational study performed targeted CEUS of 14 CCSBMs that were subsequently biopsied. CEUS images were independently reviewed by two readers blinded to other sonographic features, noting presence or absence of enhancement and time to perceived optimal enhancement. Interobserver agreement for presence or absence of enhancement was analyzed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. From retrospective review of initial diagnostic US examinations, descriptive CCSBM sizes, subtypes, and Doppler information were recorded. Histopathologies were categorized as benign, benign with upgrade potential (BWUP), and malignant. Measures of diagnostic accuracy and 95% CIs were calculated for CEUS enhancement.

Results
Of 14 CCSBMs, 12 were nonmalignant (9 benign, 3 BWUP) and 2 were malignant. There was perfect interobserver agreement (Cohen’s kappa 1.00) between the 2 readers for CEUS enhancement. CEUS was 100% sensitive, 25% specific, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.625 (95% CI, 0.50–0.75) in differentiating nonmalignant from malignant lesions. It was 100% sensitive, 33.3% specific, with an AUROC of 0.667 (95% CI, 0.50–0.85) in differentiating benign from surgically significant (BWUP and malignant) CCSBMs.

Conclusion
This small feasibility study highlighted the potential of CEUS as a safe noninvasive tool to identify the proportion of CCSBMs that are benign and can avoid tissue biopsy.
Measuring insecticide resistance in a vacuum: exploring next steps to link resistance data with mosquito control efficacy
Authors: Lehane Áine , Parker‑Crockett Casey , Norris Edmund , Wheeler Sarah S , Harrington Laura C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Insecticide resistance is a great challenge facing mosquito operational control agencies across the United States, where few active ingredients with unique modes of action are available for use, increasing resistance pressure and further hampering resistance management strategies. Emergence and expansion of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes can be detected by resistance monitoring programs; however, there are gaps in our knowledge regarding the link between resistance bioassay results and operational control outcomes. Here, we review both public health and agricultural studies on pesticide resistance bioassays and control outcomes. A discussion on the main gaps in our knowledge of insecticide resistance and a review of resistance management practices is also presented. We conclude with research questions that can advance our understanding of resistance monitoring and control.
Phylogenetic placement of the leaf-footed bug tribes Agriopocorini, Amorbini, and Manocoreini (Heteroptera: Coreidae) using ultraconserved elements
Authors: Forthman Michael , Phan Hannah , Miller Christine W , Kimball Rebecca T 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The phytophagous insect superfamily Coreoidea (Heteroptera) is a diverse group of ~3100 species in five extant families, with many of agricultural importance and model organisms in behavioural studies. Most species (~2800 species) are classified in the family Coreidae (four subfamilies, 37 tribes). While previous phylogenetic studies have primarily focused on the larger and more diverse subfamilies and tribes of Coreidae, several smaller tribes remain poorly studied in a phylogenetic context. Here, we investigated the phylogenetic positions of three less diverse tribes using ultraconserved elements: Agriopocorini, Amorbini, and Manocoreini. Our study is the first to test phylogenetic hypotheses for the Agriopocorini and Amorbini in a cladistic analysis. All three tribes were recovered within the subfamily Coreinae with robust support. The monophyletic Agriopocorini were supported as the sister-group of Colpurini, the monophyletic Amorbini as sister to Mictini, and the monogeneric Manocoreini as sister to Dasynini + Homoeocerini. We briefly discuss the evolution of wing development in Coreidae, putative synapomorphies for clades of interest, and taxonomic considerations. Our study emphasizes the importance of including smaller, less diverse groups in phylogenetic analyses. By doing so, we gain valuable insights into evolutionary relationships, identify future investigations of trait evolution, and resolve systematic controversies.
Second-stage Reverse Abdominoplasty after Goldilocks Mastectomy: A Safe Autologous Reconstructive Option in Obese Patients
Authors: Schwartz Jean-Claude D. 
Published: March 2024

Summary:
Obese patients undergoing mastectomy have been documented to have improved outcomes after autologous reconstruction. The Goldilocks mastectomy (GM) has been proposed as a low-risk first-stage bridge to a second-stage definitive reconstruction. Goldilocks patients who desire autologous reconstruction with significant volume increase must consent to a second-stage flap, which typically requires a donor site with additional scarring and morbidity. We have found that many obese Goldilocks patients have significant excess upper abdominal subcutaneous tissue and are good candidates for a second-stage reverse abdominoplasty, which can provide them a completely autologous reconstruction. This approach adds minimal additional scarring, improves upper abdominal contour, and has a low rate of donor site complications. Here, we present 15 consecutive obese patients who underwent first-stage GM followed by second-stage reverse abdominoplasty, providing them with a completely autologous, low-risk reconstructive option.