bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proportionality in the European Banking Law.Lessons from Silicon Valley Bank
Authors: Arrigoni Matteo , Restelli Enrico Rino 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

936European prudential regulation imposes significant compliance costs on banks, justifying extensive use of proportionality. However, the failure of Silicon Valley Bank raised numerous objections to this approach. According to many scholars and practitioners, the crisis of SBV originated from a substantial loosening of the regulatory standards and the corresponding supervisory enforcement. In this context, the article discusses the intricate relations between proportionality and financial stability, reaching an articulated conclusion. While concerning prudential capital requirements it seems reasonable to adopt a uniform discipline, as to supervision (e. g., SREP), a proportional approach seems more appropriate. At the same time, the failure of SVB advocates in favor of a partly different approach toward corporate governance.
U. S. vs. EU Insider Trading Regulation: Risks and Challenges from a European Perspective
Authors: Remund Cédric , Tuchmann Paul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

822In an ever more globalized financial market, investors are increasingly exposed to regulation and enforcement by multiple jurisdictions with varying rules, including different insider trading regimes. From a European perspective, potential exposure to the U. S. insider trading regime is particularly challenging. Especially for the non-U. S. practitioner, the U. S. insider prohibition is very complex and offers little legal certainty. And this uncertainty is all the more problematic for Europeans because the U. S. insider ban applies extraterritorially. Even more worrying, violations of the U. S. insider trading regime are often met with harsh consequences, ranging from stiff prison sentences to ruinous financial penalties. First, this article broadly outlines the contours of the U. S. insider trading regime as well as the current state of play for insider trading enforcement under U. S. law. Second, it outlines the fearsome (extra-) territorial reach of the U. S. insider trading ban, to allow a better assessment of a European’s potential exposure to the U. S. insider trading regime in different situations. Third, it highlights the main differences between the U. S. and the EU insider trading regulations, to identify the areas in which market participants on both sides of the Atlantic should be particularly cautious.
The Management and the Advice of (Un)Explainable AI
Authors: Dubovitskaya Elena , Buchholz Annika 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

794The article addresses the issue that is widely discussed in Germany and other jurisdictions: can the management of a company use AI applications in its decision-making process without violating its fiduciary duties? The lack of transparency in conventional AI applications conflicts with the fiduciary duty to check the plausibility of external expert advice (in Germany known as the ISION principles). This tension can be partly resolved by using explainable AI (XAI). In this work, we review the basic principles of machine learning and XAI and discuss them in the legal context.
Research integrity and academic medicine: the pressure to publish and research misconduct
Authors: Kearney Molly , Downing Maren , Gignac Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Context
This narrative review article explores research integrity and the implications of scholarly work in medical education. The paper describes how the current landscape of medical education emphasizes research and scholarly activity for medical students, resident physicians, and faculty physician educators. There is a gap in the existing literature that fully explores research integrity, the challenges surrounding the significant pressure to perform scholarly activity, and the potential for ethical lapses by those involved in medical education.

Objectives
The objectives of this review article are to provide a background on authorship and publication safeguards, outline common types of research misconduct, describe the implications of publication in medical education, discuss the consequences of ethical breaches, and outline possible solutions to promote research integrity in academic medicine.

Methods
To complete this narrative review, the authors explored the current literature utilizing multiple databases beginning in June of 2021, and they completed the literature review in January of 2023. To capture the wide scope of the review, numerous searches were performed. A number of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were utilized to identify relevant articles. The MeSH terms included “scientific misconduct,” “research misconduct,” “authorship,” “plagiarism,” “biomedical research/ethics,” “faculty, medical,” “fellowships and scholarships,” and “internship and residency.” Additional references were accessed to include medical school and residency accreditation standards, residency match statistics, regulatory guidelines, and standard definitions.

Results
Within the realm of academic medicine, research misconduct and misrepresentation continue to occur without clear solutions. There is a wide range of severity in breaches of research integrity, ranging from minor infractions to fraud. Throughout the medical education system in the United States, there is pressure to publish research and scholarly work. Higher rates of publications are associated with a successful residency match for students and academic promotion for faculty physicians. For those who participate in research misconduct, there is a multitude of potential adverse consequences. Potential solutions to ensure research integrity exist but are not without barriers to implementation.

Conclusions
Pressure in the world of academic medicine to publish contributes to the potential for research misconduct and authorship misrepresentation. Lapses in research integrity can result in a wide range of potentially adverse consequences for the offender, their institution, the scientific community, and the public. If adopted, universal research integrity policies and procedures could make major strides in eliminating research misconduct in the realm of academic medicine.
Incidence and first trimester risk factors of stillbirth in Indonesia
Authors: Yusrika Mirani Ulfa , Al Fattah Adly Nanda , Kusuma Raden Aditya , Widjaja Felix Firyanto , Marizni Shinda , Putri Vania Permata 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the incidence and the risk factors of stillbirth from maternal biophysical, ultrasound, and biochemical markers at 11–13 weeks of gestation in the Indonesian population.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women for first-trimester preeclampsia screening at 11–13 weeks of gestation in some clinics and hospital in Jakarta. Maternal characteristics and history, mean arterial pressure (MAP) measurement, uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI) ultrasound, maternal ophthalmic peak ratio (Oph-PR) Doppler, and placental growth factor (PlGF) serum were collected during the visit. Stillbirth was classified into placental dysfunction-related when it occurred with preeclampsia or birth weight <10th percentile and non-placental dysfunction-related. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to determine the risk factors associated with stillbirth.

Results
Of 1,643 eligible participants, 13 (0.79 %) stillbirth cases were reported. More than half of the stillbirths (7) were placental dysfunction-related. After adjusted with maternal age, body mass index (BMI), and parity status, chronic hypertension (aOR (adjusted odds ratio)) 24.41, 95 % CI {confidence interval} 5.93–100.43), previous pregnancy with preeclampsia (aOR 15.79, 95 % CI 4.42–56.41), MAP >101.85 (aOR 26.67, 95 % CI 8.26–86.06), UtA-PI >1.90 (aOR 10.68, 95 % CI 2.34–48.58, and PlGF <28.77 pg/mL (aOR 18.60, 95 % CI 5.59–61.92) were associated with stillbirth.

Conclusions
The incidence of stillbirth in the population is comparable to studies conducted in developed countries. Most routine variables assessed at the 11–13 weeks combined screening for preeclampsia are associated with the risk of stillbirth.
Implementation of the preCICE coupling interface for AC2/ATHLET
Authors: Herb Joachim , Weyermann Fabian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The design of new nuclear reactor types as well as the analysis of certain phenomena in existing reactors require to consider different physical models and three-dimensional phenomena like the effect of turbulence in fluids and three-dimensional (3D) heat conduction in complex structures. One-dimensional (1D) lumped parameter system codes used to simulate transients in nuclear reactors lack high-resolution models. Special codes like computational fluid dynamics (CFD) or computational structural mechanics codes (CSM) can simulate those, but they require significantly more computational resources. Therefore, different coupling methods have been developed to limit the use of computationally expensive codes to those parts of a plant where they are really needed and couple them with systems codes, which simulate the rest. The library preCICE enables simultaneous coupling of multiple simulation programs, e.g., the 3D CFD code OpenFOAM and the 3D CSM code CalculiX. preCICE coupling interfaces were developed for the system code ATHLET. We focused on fluid-fluid couplings and conjugate heat-transfer couplings. Coupled simulations were performed for an experiment at the test facility TALL for the transition from forced to natural circulation coupling ATHLET with OpenFOAM, and a generic building condenser geometry coupling the three codes ATHLET, CalculiX, and OpenFOAM. The correct integral transfer of the quantities at the coupling interfaces was verified. However, it was found that coupled quantities at the interfaces need to be converted from 0D to 2D and backwards considering the underlying physics, which goes beyond the pure numerical considerations of the preCICE library.
The COVID Pandemic and the Regulatory Geography of Rule of Law: Putting ‘Rule of Law’ in Its Place
Authors: Dowdle Michael W. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Law and Development Institute’s 2003 Law and Development Conference on “Law and Development Post the Pandemic” inadvertently exposes the limits of ‘rule of law’ as a conceptual device for linking law and development. As will be explored, the developmental implications of that crisis highlighted geographic aspects of law and development that more conventional foci on economic development obscure. This is because these more conventional foci overlook spatial and geographical aspects of both rule of law and ‘development’ that are much more salient when focusing on the developmental import of the pandemic. This article will explore what those aspects are.
Binomials in English and French: ablaut, rhyme and syllable structure
Authors: Green Viola , Birdsong David 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Binomial expressions (e.g., hocus-pocus; dribs and drabs) are irreversible sequences of two types: reduplicative binomials (e.g., pitter-patter) and conjoined binomials (e.g., wheeling and dealing). Both types exhibit similar phonological features such as rhyme, alliteration and ablaut alternation. The present study investigates English and French speaker preferences for phonological templates in binomials. Elicitation of preferences was carried out using nonsense sequences exemplifying the templates Simple Rhyme (e.g., fiply-biply; fudette-budette), Complex Onset Rhyme (e.g., settip and slettip; ni cougui ni crougi), and Ablaut (e.g., gesky and gosky; fudette-fudotte), which were pitted against each other, e.g., gesky and gosky (Ablaut) versus gesky and glesky (Complex Onset Rhyme). Results of two experiments – the first involving nonce sequences containing disyllabic terms, the second involving nonsense items with monosyllabic constituents – reveal that English speakers prefer Simple Rhyme in items containing disyllabic constituents, and Ablaut for items containing monosyllabic terms. In contrast, French speakers prefer Ablaut in both the disyllabic term and the monosyllabic term conditions. In both experiments, Simple Rhyme is preferred to Complex Onset Rhyme. The experimental results for English align with statistical distributions of phonological templates in the Thun (1963. Reduplicative words in English: A study of formations of the types tick-tick, hurly-burly and shilly-shally. Lund: Carl Bloms) corpus of binomials. Our testing of English and French respondents further reveals that certain preferences are dissimilar across languages. Our findings lead us to propose that constraint rankings for reduplicatives in English and French under Optimality Theory should be sensitive to the number of syllables in constituent terms. In sum, the study of binomial expressions is enhanced by experimental evidence of speakers’ preferences when presented with competing sequencing patterns.
“You are Apple, why are you speaking to me in Turkish?”: the role of English in voice assistant interactions
Authors: Leblebici Didem 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the role of English in voice assistant (Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant) use from the perspective of language ideology. Major commercial companies in the voice assistant market use English as a training language for their speech technologies and offer the most optimised support for standardised varieties of English. This affects the experiences with voice assistants of speakers of non-European languages, i.e., one of the non-target audiences. Drawing on qualitative interview data from Turkish-speaking users who migrated to Germany, the present study reveals that the participants iconize English as the “standard” language in digital contexts, constructing it as the “original” language of speaking computers. By conducting an inductive analysis, the article demonstrates that not only the lack of technological support, but also specific discourses about Artificial Intelligence, impact perceptions of English. These developments have implications for our understandings of prestige and digital literacy in human-machine interactions.
Discourses of risk in public health advertising about underage alcohol consumption
Authors: Van Nguyen Hoang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnderage alcohol consumption has been linked to major risks, the practice of which has been linked to parental responsibility and management and a major topic in public health advertising campaigns. The aim of the current study is to investigate how risk discourses are constructed in public health advertisements against underage alcohol consumption. To achieve this aim, I apply the framework of social semiotics to analyse a series of public health campaigns in Australia to understand the construction of risk across multiple meaning-making resources. The analyses of the advertisements provide insights into the choices of semiotic resources to construct multiple perspectives of risk discourses to communicate alcohol-related risks and persuade parents to not supply alcohol to their children. The study opens up new agendas of research, by complementing textual analyses with audience interpretations, to provide deeper insights into how alcohol-related public health advertising is perceived, as well as improve its effectiveness and impact in the real world.
The psychological profile of Iraq: A nation haunted by decades of suffering
Authors: Ahmed Darya Rostam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The article discovers the psychological profile of Iraq, looking at the profound impact of recent decades of turmoil on the psychological well-being of its citizens. Extensive conflicts, including wars, sanctions, invasions, socioeconomic problems, and internal conflicts, have led to significant mental health problems in the community, notably the Yazidi and Kurdish populations. These groups, already affected, faced collective trauma from the ISIS invasion and Anfal campaign. Despite various risk factors, mental health support services in Iraq are markedly insufficient. The main purpose of this article is to shed light on the psychological profile in recent decades, highlighting the urgent need to prioritise mental health in health and education policies. The article advocates for the crucial implementation of comprehensive mental health programmes, interventions, and awareness initiatives to effectively address the enduring psychological challenges facing the Iraqi population.
ПАРАДИГМА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ СУЧАСНОГО ВЧИТЕЛЯ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЙНОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА
Authors: СОКОЛ МАР'ЯНА 
Published: February 2024

Стаття розглядає актуальну тему в сучасній освітній парадигмі, а саме питання професійної комунікації вчителів у контексті глобалізації. Автори розкривають ключові аспекти парадигми функціональної комунікації, включаючи виклики та можливості, які виникають в умовах зростаючої інтернаціоналізації та цифровізації освіти.
Дається аналіз впливу глобалізації на роль вчителя як комунікатора, висвітлюються стратегії, які вчителі можуть використовувати для підвищення якості комунікації в умовах міжнародної взаємодії та культурної різноманітності. Зокрема, стаття розглядає застосування сучасних засобів і технологій комунікації в освітньому процесі.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО ВИГОРАННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ
Authors: ДЕРЕНЬКО ВІТА , ДМИТРІВ РОМАН , ПАСІЧНЯК ЛЮБОМИР 
Published: February 2024

У статті розглядається питання професійного вигорання серед військовослужбовців, котрі знаходяться у зоні військових конфліктів. Докладно подано особливості психологічної підтримки військової професійної діяльності військовослужбовців, що передбачає: психологічне консультування, психотерапевтичну допомогу та аналіз особистісних факторів, які сприяють професійному вигоранню (інтроверсія, чутливість, низька самооцінка та самоповага, бажання домінувати). Охарактеризовано аспекти, повʼязані із статусом і ролями військових (конфлікти ролей, негативні стереотипи, незадоволеність професійним ростом, зниження соціального статусу, відчуженість від референтної групи). Авторами виокремлено екзистенційні аспекти: незадоволеність досягнутими результатами і результатами діяльності, почуття фрустрації і самотності, втрата сенсу.
Акцентується на тому, що для успішного виконання бойових завдань потрібно не тільки мати відповідну професійну підготовку та фізичні здібності, але й бути готовим до відповідальності, самостійності, самоконтролю, гнучкості та здатності приймати рішення. Крім того, важливо ефективно співпрацювати з іншими членами військового колективу, особливо в умовах стресових ситуацій та під час виконання професійних завдань.
СУТНІСТЬ ПРОБЛЕМ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ВИКЛАДАЧІВ ПРАВА У ЗВО ТА ШЛЯХИ ЇХ ВИРІШЕННЯ
Authors: ГОНТАР ЗОРЯНА , СЕРЕДЮК ЯРОСЛАВ 
Published: February 2024

У статті розкрито сутність проблеми підготовки майбутніх викладачів права, яка полягає в тому, що сьогодні потрібен принципово новий рівень його педагогічної майстерності, досягнення якого можливе лише за умови корінної перебудови діяльності ЗВО. Першим вирішальним кроком до цього є оновлення всього процесу професійної підготовки. В умовах, у яких перебувала Україна, а це Covid-19, а сьогодні повномаштабне вторгнення росії до України, яке негативно відобразилося на соціально-політичних та економічних змінах в Україні, до майбутнього викладача права висуваються більш складні вимоги.
Завдання закладів вищої освіти полягає не тільки в тому, щоб формувати відповідні професійні знання та навички, а й у тому, щоб підготувати викладача, котрий глибоко розуміє і знає свою роль у суспільстві, уміє творчо використовувати здобуті знання на практиці, працювати зі студентами та учнями, педагогічним колективом, ураховує думку колег, використовує передовий педагогічний досвід, критично оцінює досягнуте.
Важливе значення для майбутнього викладача права мають базові характеристики його діяльності: типи діяльності; способи і прийоми, за допомогою яких вирішуються певні навчальні завдання; функції як характеристики основних його обов’язків, що виконуються відповідно до вимог професії; шляхи вирішення визначених проблем або завдань з правознавства, знання теоретичного і прикладного типу, необхідні для професійної діяльності.
Evaluation of Quality of Endodontic Retreatment: A Cross-sectional Study among Private Moroccan Dentists
Authors: SY Aly , DROURI Sofia , TAGARGOUSTE Fouzia , JARNI Najwa , AL JALIL Zainab , HAMZA Mouna , KARAMI Malika 
Published: February 2024

Objectives: To study the attitude of dentists towards root canal retreatment performed in the private sector in Casablanca. Material and methods: To conduct a descriptive cross-sectional study, an anonymous questionnaire was distributed to a representative sample of 314 Moroccan dentists. Sample size calculation and sampling were performed using Epi info software. Data were analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software. Qualitative variables were expressed by their effective and percentage, and quantitative ones by their mean and standard deviation. Results: 91.5% of dentists used endodontic retreatment in their daily practice, and 84.4% of these dentists routinely indicated it when faced with a missing root canal filling or a painful apical lesion. When disobturating, 51.1% of dentists used Desocclusol as a root canal solvent, and 57.4% opted for a combination of manual and rotary mechanized instrumentation. The most common accidents encountered were instrument fractures (68.4%), followed by stoppers (45.7%). Conclusion: The results of this study show that dentists in Casablanca were not complying with the preliminary stages of endodontic retreatment. However, we noted an evolution towards the use of new mechanized preparation techniques and digital radiography.
Association between asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection, anaemia and mean corpuscular volume of school children in the Volta Region of Ghana
Authors: Orish Verner N. , Lokpo Sylvester Y. , Kwadzokpui Precious K. , Safianu Rufai , Marinkovic Aleksandra , Prakash Stephanie , Okorie Chuku , Izurieta Ricardo , Pandit Rajashree , Sanyaolu Adekunle 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough, several studies have reported abnormal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) values and anaemia associated with malaria infections with a focus on Plasmodium falciparum among patients with complicated and uncomplicated malaria, none has looked at the association with asymptomatic malaria. This study aimed to assess this association.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using 3 mL of blood samples from 549 children aged 5–17 years attending 5 schools selected in the Volta Region. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to the children to obtain demographic data. Blood samples were collected to estimate the children's full blood count (FBC) and malaria status. Data obtained were analysed using STATA 15 software. P-values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsMost of the children in this study (49.9%) had normal MCV (81.3–91.3 fL) with an overall malaria prevalence of 55.6 % (95% CI: 51.3–59.8) and anaemia prevalence of 48.6% (95% CI 44.4–52.9). Most anaemic children had normal MCV (81.3–91.3 fL) (49.8, 95% CI 43.7–56.0). The predicted probability of malaria was highly likely among children with normal MCV (81.3–91.3 fL) but with high variability and uncertainty among those with low MCV (<81.3 fL) and high MCV (>91.3 fL).ConclusionThis study shows a reduced predicted probability of malaria among children with low and high MCV, playing a protective function against malaria. Further studies are required to elucidate the interaction.
Fresh Water Yachting
Authors: Armstrong Maggie 
Published: February 2024

Looks at a vintage handbook about maritime cooking on inland waterways published in 1927 -- Le Yachting de Rivière. Co-authored by G. Clerc-Rampal, Honorary Vice-President of the Yacht Club de France, and Victor Houet, President of L’Hélice Club de France, i.e. ‘The Propellor Club’, they set out to encourage a shipshape attitude to the use of inland waterways for leisure purposes and impart some modest culinary advice in the process.