bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of early respacing on physico-mechanical properties of naturally regenerated Picea sitchensis in Great Britain
Authors: Price Andrew , McLean J. Paul , Stokes Victoria , Cameron Andrew D. 
Published: March 2024

Natural regeneration can reduce costs compared with replanting. However, its use requires knowledge about how either active or passive management will affect the balance between quality and quantity in the timber supply. This study aimed to quantify the effects of respacing on volume recovery and wood properties. Two British forest experiments using Picea sitchensis with various respacing distances and an un-respaced control were assessed 21–22 years after the treatments were applied. Tree dimensions were measured and used to quantify slenderness, merchantable volume, and sawlog volume. Wood properties were assessed on a sub-sample using mechanical testing. Generalised linear mixed models were used to examine differences between treatments and sites. Respacing decreased slenderness and increased relative sawlog volume and branch size. Wider respacing reduced wood strength and the widest respacing reduced wood stiffness. Respacing did not affect wood density. However, at the relatively low productivity sites considered here, respacing to 2.1 m represented the best compromise for current markets. In summary, not respacing improved some wood properties but reduced tree stability and the proportion and volume of sawlogs, which will negatively affect forest value.
Black hole in discrete gravity
Authors: Chamseddine Ali H. , Malaeb Ola , Najem Sara 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study the metric corresponding to a three-dimensional coset space SO(4)/SO(3) in the lattice setting. With the use of three integers $$n_1, n_2$$

n
1

,

n
2

, and $$n_3$$

n
3

, and a length scale, $$l_{\mu }$$

l
μ

, the continuous metric is transformed into a discrete space. The numerical outcomes are compared with the continuous ones. The singularity of the black hole is explored and different domains are studied.
Human mobility prediction with causal and spatial-constrained multi-task network
Authors: Huang Zongyuan , Xu Shengyuan , Wang Menghan , Wu Hansi , Xu Yanyan , Jin Yaohui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractModeling human mobility helps to understand how people are accessing resources and physically contacting with each other in cities, and thus contributes to various applications such as urban planning, epidemic control, and location-based advertisement. Next location prediction is one decisive task in individual human mobility modeling and is usually viewed as sequence modeling, solved with Markov or RNN-based methods. However, the existing models paid little attention to the logic of individual travel decisions and the reproducibility of the collective behavior of population. To this end, we propose a Causal and Spatial-constrained Long and Short-term Learner (CSLSL) for next location prediction. CSLSL utilizes a causal structure based on multi-task learning to explicitly model the “when→what→where”, a.k.a. “time→activity→location” decision logic. We next propose a spatial-constrained loss function as an auxiliary task, to ensure the consistency between the predicted and actual spatial distribution of travelers’ destinations. Moreover, CSLSL adopts modules named Long and Short-term Capturer (LSC) to learn the transition regularities across different time spans. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets show promising performance improvements of CSLSL over baselines and confirm the effectiveness of introducing the causality and consistency constraints. The implementation is available at https://github.com/urbanmobility/CSLSL.
Precise certification of a qubit space
Authors: Białecki Tomasz , Rybotycki Tomasz , Batle Josep , Tworzydło Jakub , Bednorz Adam 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe demonstrate an implementation of the precise test of dimension on the qubit, using the public IBM quantum computer, using the determinant dimension witness. The accuracy is below 10−3 comparing to maximal possible value of the witness in higher dimension. The test involving minimal independent sets of preparation and measurement operations (gates) is applied both for specific configurations and parametric ones. The test is robust against nonidealities such as incoherent leakage and erroneous gate execution. Two of the IBM devices failed the test by more than 5 standard deviations, which has no simple explanation.
Origins of Second Malignancies in Children and Mutational Footprint of Chemotherapy in Normal Tissues
Authors: Sánchez-Guixé Mònica , Muiños Ferran , Pinheiro-Santin Morena , González-Huici Víctor , Rodriguez-Hernandez Carlos J. , Avgustinova Alexandra , Lavarino Cinzia , González-Pérez Abel , Mora Jaume , López-Bigas Núria 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Pediatric cancers are rare diseases, and children without known germline predisposing conditions who develop a second malignancy during developmental ages are extremely rare. We present four such clinical cases and, through whole-genome and error-correcting ultra-deep duplex sequencing of tumor and normal samples, we explored the origin of the second malignancy in four children, uncovering different routes of development. The exposure to cytotoxic therapies was linked to the emergence of a secondary acute myeloid leukemia. A common somatic mutation acquired early during embryonic development was the driver of two solid malignancies in another child. In two cases, the two tumors developed from completely independent clones diverging during embryogenesis. Importantly, we demonstrate that platinum-based therapies contributed at least one order of magnitude more mutations per day of exposure than aging to normal tissues in these children.

Significance:
Using whole-genome and error-correcting ultra-deep duplex sequencing, we uncover different origins for second neoplasms in four children. We also uncover the presence of platinum-related mutations across 10 normal tissues of exposed individuals, highlighting the impact that the use of cytotoxic therapies may have on cancer survivors.
See related commentary by Pacyna and Nangalia, p. 900.
This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 897
OpenCitations Meta
Authors: Massari Arcangelo , Mariani Fabio , Heibi Ivan , Peroni Silvio , Shotton David 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
OpenCitations Meta is a new database for open bibliographic metadata of scholarly publications involved in the citations indexed by the OpenCitations infrastructure, adhering to Open Science principles and published under a CC0 license to promote maximum reuse. It presently incorporates bibliographic metadata for publications recorded in Crossref, DataCite, and PubMed, making it the largest bibliographic metadata source using Semantic Web technologies. It assigns new globally persistent identifiers (PIDs), known as OpenCitations Meta Identifiers (OMIDs) to all bibliographic resources, enabling it both to disambiguate publications described using different external PIDS (e.g., a DOI in Crossref and a PMID in PubMed) and to handle citations involving publications lacking external PIDs. By hosting bibliographic metadata internally, OpenCitations Meta eliminates its former reliance on API calls to external resources and thus enhances performance in response to user queries. Its automated data curation, following the OpenCitations Data Model, includes deduplication, error correction, metadata enrichment, and full provenance tracking, ensuring transparency and traceability of data and bolstering confidence in data integrity, a feature unparalleled in other bibliographic databases. Its commitment to Semantic Web standards ensures superior interoperability compared to other machine-readable formats, with availability via a SPARQL endpoint, REST APIs, and data dumps.
Do Ethnic Minority Audit Partners Face Discrimination? Evidence From the Australian Audit Market
Authors: Cameran Mara , Campa Domenico , Gabbioneta Claudia , Pettinicchio Angela 
Published: March 2024

The professional literature has provided evidence of discrimination against ethnic minority professionals in a number of research contexts, including law, architecture, construction, and health care. However, research on ethnicity-based discrimination in the accounting profession has been sparser and has generally relied on ethnic minorities’ perceptions of discrimination rather than actual discrimination. In this study, we complement and extend this research by investigating whether ethnic minority audit partners are associated with lower audit fees than nonethnic minority audit partners. We also consider whether the association between ethnicity and audit fees depends on the status of the audit firm in which audit partners work. We find that ethnic minority audit partners are associated with lower audit fees and that this holds true only when they work in lower-status audit firms. Supplementary analyses carried out on our data suggest that discrimination is more likely to be performed by audit clients than by audit firms as we do not find evidence that audit firms systematically and selectively allocate ethnic minority audit partners to clients with specific characteristics (e.g., potentially less lucrative clients). Our study contributes to the literature on ethnicity-based discrimination in the accounting profession, to the literature on professional stereotypes, and to the audit pricing literature. JEL Classification: C33, J71, M42.
Early Post-Transplant Adaptation Experience in Young and Middle-Aged People With Kidney Transplant in China: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hu Na , Yang Zhen , Wang Aiping 
Published: March 2024

Background: Successful adaptation to post-transplantation life in patients who have undergone kidney transplants is crucial. The psychosocial needs of people with kidney transplants are closely related to the health of the transplanted kidney. If transplant recipients cannot adapt to the effects of the transplant, their physical and mental health will be seriously impaired. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the early post-transplant adaptation experience of young and middle-aged persons with kidney transplants in China based on the Roy adaptation model. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted using semi-structured interviews. Fifteen young and middle-aged persons with kidney transplant were recruited from a tertiary hospital in China between September 2022 and March 2023 through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Results: This study identified 4 themes: (1) “two-sided” changes in physiological functioning, (2) “dawn and darkness” (conflicting perceived emotions about the future), (3) role functioning adaptation conflict and impairment, and (4) social isolation and the challenges of coping. Conclusions: This study found that early post-transplant adaptation in young and middle-aged people with kidney transplant included both positive and negative experiences, and these findings can provide new insights into research related to successful post-operative adaptation.
Ultrasound Gel as a Source of Burkholderia cepacia Sepsis Outbreak in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Raj Raunak , Sujatha Radhika , Haneefa Sahira , Sundaresan Vishnu Vasantha , Rahul Aswathy 
Published: March 2024

Background In the middle of 2018, we noticed an outbreak of sepsis due to Burkholderia cepacia complex among inborn babies, and this continued till December 2020. These babies were not responding to conventional antibiotic therapy. Aim To study the clinical profile of neonates with Burkholderia septicemia, to determine its antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and to identify the source of infection. Materials and methods This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted in the inborn nursery of the Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram for a period of 30 months, from June 2018 to December 2020. All babies whose blood culture was positive for Burkholderia were identified from the records. Microbiological surveillance was done for source identification. Results Out of the total 2264 neonates admitted during the study period, 84 (3.7%) had Burkholderia cepacia sepsis. The mean gestational age was 31(2) weeks. The most common clinical presentation was feed intolerance (64%) and 12% had a liver abscess. The highest antimicrobial sensitivity was observed for ceftazidime and cotrimoxazole (100%) followed by cefoperazone-sulbactam (98%) and meropenem (94%). The outbreak was controlled by the withdrawal of contaminated muti-use USG gel and the implementation of the practice of single-use sterile USG gel. Conclusions Gastrointestinal manifestations are predominantly a manifestation in Burkholderia cepacia sepsis and a strong suspicion of liver abscess should be kept in mind. cotrimoxazole and ceftazidime are the best choice of antibiotics. Unsterile ultrasound gel use in the labor room and NICU can be a source of infection
A New Formula for Estimating Insertion Length of Umbilical Catheters in Neonates: An Observational Study
Authors: Webb Jennifer , Elliott Sian , Watkins W. John , Stuttaford Laura , Banerjee Sujoy , Kayode-Adedeji Babatunde , Bagga Gautam , Sharma Neha , Chakraborty Mallinath 
Published: March 2024

Objective Current formulae used by clinicians to estimate the insertion length of umbilical catheters are inaccurate. We aimed to derive a new model that could improve accuracy in estimating the insertion length of umbilical catheters. Study design This was a multi-centre prospective observational study of neonates admitted to neonatal units and needing umbilical line(s) inserted for clinical reasons. Demographic data, catheter-related measurements and a new external length measurement—sternal notch to the umbilicus, were collected at three tertiary-level neonatal units in South Wales, UK. Generalised linear models were used to estimate the fit of the external length, birthweight, gestation and head circumference with catheter length and to derive a formula. The best fit was estimated by comparing r2 values for each equation. Results Data from 113 infants for each venous and arterial line were analysed for the new mathematical formulae. For both umbilical arterial catheterisation [[Formula: see text] and umbilical venous catheter (UVC) [[Formula: see text]], a quadratic model based on birthweight was found to have the best fit for predicting the insertion length of the catheters. However, the overall fit for UVCs was poorer for all explanatory variables ( y = estimated insertion length of the umbilical catheter in cm, x = birthweight in kg). Conclusion Our prospective multi-centre observational study identified a quadratic model based on birthweight as the best fit for estimating the insertion length of umbilical lines in neonates. This is a new finding and further development on earlier birthweight-based linear models.
“When I was Younger, My Story Belonged to Everyone Else”: Co-production of Resources for Adults Living with Craniosynostosis
Authors: Stock Nicola M. , Costa Bruna , Bannister William , Ashby Charlotte , Matthews Nammie , Hebden Louise , Melles Laura , Hilton-Webb Zoe , Smith Sally , Kane Kristian , Carter Lewis , Kearney Anna , Piggott Katie , Russell Charlotte , Wilkinson-Bell Karen 
Published: March 2024

Objective Despite growing recognition that congenital craniofacial conditions have lifelong implications, psychological support for adults is currently lacking. The aim of this project was to produce a series of short films about living with craniosynostosis in adulthood, alongside a psychoeducational booklet. Design The resources were developed using multiple focus groups and meetings attended by researchers, patient representatives, a leading charitable organisation, an award-winning film production company, clinicians, and other experts in the field. Results An online mixed-methods survey was developed based on prior work to request feedback on the acceptability and utility of the resources from the craniosynostosis community. While data collection to evaluate the resources is ongoing, preliminary results ( n = 36) highlight an acceptability rating of 100%. Conclusions The resources developed represent a step forward in addressing the unmet information and support needs of adults with craniosynostosis and highlight the benefits of co-production in research.
Outcomes of Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis vs Talar Body Prosthesis as Treatment of Collapsed Avascular Necrosis of the Talus: A 10- to 13-Year-Follow-up Retrospective Comparative Study
Authors: Harnroongroj Thos , Arunakul Marut , Reingrittha Pissanu , Chuckpaiwong Bavornrit , Angthong Chayanin , Tharmviboonsri Theerawoot , Lertwattanachai Penpun 
Published: March 2024

Background: Joint salvage surgeries such as tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis and talar prosthesis are commonly used in the surgical treatment of collapsed avascular necrosis of the talus (AVNT). However, differences in outcomes of these 2 surgical treatments are still inconclusive. This study compared the 10- to 13-year outcomes and 10-year survivorship rates of tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis and talar body prosthesis in the surgical treatment of collapsed AVNT. Methods: A retrospective comparative study was conducted of patients who underwent either tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis or talar body prosthesis implantation between 2005 and 2012. The demographic matching process resulted in 24 patients per treatment group. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using a numeric rating scale (NRS) of 2 hours of activities of daily living (ADL) and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) for ADL. Radiographic assessments included the incidence of nonunion, adjacent joint arthritis, and prosthesis loosening. The 10-year survivorship of both surgical treatments was calculated. A P value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The median NRS of 2 hours of ADL and FAAM score for ADL were statistically significantly better in the talar body prosthesis group, with P values of .001 and <.001, respectively. The statistically significant differences in FAAM score for ADL exceeded the minimum clinically important difference. In the tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis group, nonunion was observed in 7 of 24 patients (29.2%). No prosthesis loosening was reported in the talar body prosthesis group. The 10-year survivorship was statistically significantly higher in talar body prosthesis than tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis (95.8% vs 70.8%), P = .023. Conclusion: Talar body prosthesis implantation in selected eligible patients demonstrated statistically significantly better 10- to 13-year clinical outcomes and higher 10-year survivorship compared with tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis in the surgical treatment of collapsed AVNT. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort comparative study.
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Augmentation Enhances the Mechanical Characteristics of Midfoot Beam Constructs in Charcot Neuroarthropathy Cadaver Model
Authors: Pattisapu Naveen , Huang Dave T. , Porter Giselle , Owhonda Rebisi , Charlton Timothy , Gross Christopher , Thordarson David , Metzger Melodie F. 
Published: March 2024

Background: Even with the best conservative care, patients with Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) of the foot and ankle often ulcerate, increasing their risk of infection, amputation, and death. Surgical fixation has been associated with risk of recurrent ulceration, potentially due to poor bone quality prone to recurrent deformity and ulceration. We propose midfoot beam reconstruction with PMMA augmentation as a novel means of improving fixation. Methods: A protocol was developed to create characteristic CN midfoot fragmentation both visually and fluoroscopically in each of 12 matched-pair cadaveric feet. Afterward, the pairs were divided into 2 groups: (1) midfoot beam fusion surgery alone, and (2) midfoot beam fusion surgery augmented with PMMA. A solid 7.0-mm beam was placed into the medial column and a solid 5.5-mm beam was placed across the lateral column. In the PMMA group, 8 to 10 mL of PMMA was inserted into the medial column. The hindfoot of each specimen was potted and the metatarsal heads were cyclically loaded for 1800 cycles, followed by load to failure while load and displacement were continually recorded. Results: One specimen in the beam alone group failed before reaching the 1800th cycle and was not included in the failure analysis. The midfoot beam only group demonstrated greater mean displacement during cycle testing compared with the PMMA group, P < .05. The maximum force (N), stiffness (N/mm), and toughness (Nmm) were all significantly greater in the group augmented with PMMA, P < .05. Conclusion: In a CN cadaveric model, PMMA augmentation significantly decreased gapping during cyclic loading and nearly doubled the load to failure compared with midfoot beams alone. Clinical Relevance: The results of this biomechanical study demonstrate that augmentation of midfoot beams with PMMA increases the strength and stiffness of the fusion construct. This increased mechanical toughness may help reduce the risk of nonunion and infection in patients with neuropathic midfoot collapse.
Outcomes of percutaneous versus surgical tracheostomy in an Australian Quaternary Intensive Care Unit: An entropy-balanced retrospective study
Authors: Devanand Nilesh Anand , Thiruvenkatarajan Venkatesan , Liu Wai-Man , Sirisinghe Isuru , Court-Kowalski Stefan , Pryor Lee , Gatley Anne , Sethi Sandeep , Sundararajan Krishnaswamy 
Published: March 2024

Background: Studies comparing percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) and surgical tracheostomy (ST) complications in the critically ill patient population with high acuity, complexity, and severity of illness are sparse. This study evaluated the outcomes of elective PT versus ST in such patients managed at a quaternary referral center. Aims: The primary aim was to detect a difference in hospital mortality between the two techniques. The secondary aims were to compare Intensive Care Unit (ICU) mortality, complications (including stoma site, tracheostomy-related, and decannulation complications), ICU and hospital length of stay, and time to decannulation. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective observational study of ICU admission from August 2018 to August 2021. Patients were included if an elective tracheostomy was performed during their ICU admission. Patients with a pre-existing tracheostomy and those who underwent an obligatory tracheostomy requirement (e.g. total laryngectomy) were excluded. Cohorts were matched using Hainmueller’s entropy balancing. Binary data were evaluated using logistic regression and continuous data with ordinary least squares regression. Results: 349 patients with a tracheostomy were managed in the ICU during the observation period. They were predominantly males (75% in PT; 67% in ST), with a mean age in the PT and ST group of (47; SD = 18) and (55; SD = 16), respectively. After exclusion, 135 patients remained, with 63 in the PT group and 72 in the ST group. Patients receiving ST were significantly older with a higher Body Mass Index (BMI) than the PT group. There were no significant differences in gender, Acute Physiological And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III, and the Australian and New Zealand Risk Of Death (ANZROD) between the two groups. There was no difference in hospital mortality between groups (OR 0.91, CI 0.26–3.18, p = 0.88). There were also no differences in ICU mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, and time to decannulation. PT was associated with a greater likelihood of complications (OR 4.19; 95% CI 1.73–10.13; p < 0.01). PT was associated with a greater risk of complications in those who had this performed early (<10 days of intubation) as well as late (>10 days of intubation). Conclusions: Percutaneous tracheostomy was associated with higher complications compared to surgical tracheostomy. They were related to tracheostomy cuff deflation, stomal site bleeding and infection, sputum plugging, and accidental and failed decannulation. These findings have identified opportunities to improve patient outcomes.