bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical analysis of the problem of solving the agrarian and peasant question in the Russian Empire on the materials of the Orenburg province
Authors: Мусафиров М.К. , Шебалин И.А. , Вовк И.В. 
Published: April 2024

актуальность научной статьи заключается в необходимости современного и всестороннего анализа процесса социально-экономического развития дореволюционной России в XIX – начале XX века, в котором аграрно-крестьянский вопрос имел приоритетное и определяющее значение. Характеристика специфики его решения в Оренбургской губернии обогащает отечественную историческую науку, способствует более глубокому и системному пониманию происходящих процессов и явлений во всей Российской империи. В исследовании сделана попытка проанализировать решение аграрно-крестьянского вопроса в Оренбуржье. Изучено положение в деревне, освещены вопросы работы Оренбургского губернского дворянского комитета по крестьянскому делу, а также крестьянское движение в исследуемом регионе. Дана оценка настроениям и позициям помещиков Оренбургской губернии в преддверии отмены крепостного права в дореволюционной России. Результаты регионального исторического научного исследования могут быть использованы для проведения дальнейшей исследовательской работы по проблематике и обновлению лекционного материала по дисциплине «История России», «История Урала», «История России XIX века», а также спецкурсов для студентов исторических факультетов, связанных с внутренней политикой Российской империи и аграрной истории в системе высшего образования.
the relevance of the scientific article lies in the need for a modern and comprehensive analysis of the process of socio-economic development of pre–revolutionary Russia in the XIX – early XX century, in which the agrarian and peasant issue was of priority and decisive importance. The characteristic of the specifics of its solution in the Orenburg province enriches the national historical science, contributes to a deeper and more systematic understanding of the processes and phenomena taking place throughout the Russian Empire. The study attempts to analyze the solution of the agrarian and peasant question in Orenburg region. The situation in the village was studied, the issues of the work of the Orenburg provincial Noble Committee on Peasant Affairs, as well as the peasant movement in the region under study, were highlighted. An assessment is given of the sentiments and positions of the landowners of the Orenburg province on the eve of the abolition of serfdom in pre-revolutionary Russia. The results of the regional historical scientific research can be used for further research on the problems and updating of lecture material on the discipline «History of Russia», «History of the Urals», «History of Russia of the XIX century», as well as special courses for students of historical faculties related to the internal policy of the Russian Empire and agrarian history in the higher education system.
Training of officers from 1937 to June 1941 at the Tbilisi military school named after the 26 Baku commissars
Authors: Дьяков С.И. 
Published: April 2024

боеготовность и боеспособность армии и ее эффективность при отражении агрессии со стороны иностранных государств зависит от созданной системы подготовки офицеров. Цель данной статьи – проанализировать влияние военно-политической обстановки в 30-х годах XX века и ее влияние на принимаемые решения военного руководства на деятельность военных вузов в том числе и артиллерийских, а именно рассматриваемого нами Тбилисского военного училища имени 26 Бакинских комиссаров (далее училище) с момента переименования его из школы в училище (приказ НКО от 16 марта 1937 г. № 36) [1] до начала Великой Отечественной войны. В основу данной статьи положены документы Центрального архива Министерства обороны (ЦАМО). Научная новизна заключается в том, что вводятся в научный оборот новые архивные материалы, ранее не опубликованные в результате, которые оказали значительную помощь при анализе деятельности училища с 1937 г. по июнь 1941 г. Выявляются проблемы обучения и воспитания офицеров на примере училища в рассматриваемый период в условиях сложной военно-политической обстановки. Анализируется количественно-качественные показатели выпусков офицеров, организационно-штатные изменения в структуре училища и изменения в учебном процессе.
the combat readiness and combat effectiveness of the army and its effectiveness in repelling aggression from foreign states depends on the created system of officer training. The purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of the military-political situation in the 30s of the 20th century and its influence on the decisions made by the military leadership on the activities of military universities, including artillery ones, namely the Tbilisi Military School named after 26 Baku Commissars (hereinafter referred to as the school) that we are considering. from the moment it was renamed from school to college (NGO order No. 36 of March 16, 1937) [1] until the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. This article is based on documents from the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense (CAMD). The scientific novelty lies in the fact that new archival materials, previously unpublished, are introduced into scientific circulation, which provided significant assistance in analyzing the activities of the school from 1937 to June 1941. The problems of training and education of officers are identified using the example of the school in the period under review in a difficult military-political situation. The quantitative and qualitative indicators of officer graduation, organizational and staffing changes in the structure of the school and changes in the educational process are analyzed.
Study and Analysis of Some Real Life Applications of Exponential Function Based on Population Growth Rate of Nepal
Authors: Chaurasiya Priyanshu , Sharma Nimy , Chaudhary Sanjana , Sah Shilpy , Sahani Suresh Kumar , Sahani Kameshwar 
Published: April 2024

This research investigates various real-world applications of exponential functions that are present in a country or region. Our goal was to gain an understanding of the exponential function. The exponential function is most commonly used in the growth and decay model. An introduction to the exponential function opens the project. We have got some real-world applications of the exponential function in this project, including: a. population growth: b. compound interest; c. bacterial proliferation; d. an increase in internet users; and so on. This work is motivated by the works of [1-13].
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ОГНЕУПОРНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ
Authors: Кокетаев А.И. , Сатбаев Б.Н. , Шалабаев Н.Т. , Сатбаев А.Б. , Нурумгалиев А.Х. 
Published: April 2024

В статье предложены методы экспериментально-статистического моделирования и оптимизации составов высокотемпературных материалов.
Для эффективного проведения исследований при разработке новых составов огнеупоров использовались методы математического моделирования, статистической обработки информации экспериментальных данных.
При моделировании разработки составов огнеупорных материалов предложен метод регрессионного анализа. Это статистический аналитический метод, позволяющий вычислить функцию одной зависимой переменной от одной или нескольких независимых переменных. Используя регрессионный анализ, можно моделировать зависимость между выбранной технической характеристикой огнеупорных материалов от компонентов, входящих в состав разрабатываемого огнеупорного материала.
Результаты математического моделирования представлены на примере одного состава, приведено также сравнение расчетных результатов с экспериментальными.
С помощью математического моделирования состава шихты высокотемпературных материалов были спрогнозированы технические характеристики готовой продукции. Применение этого метода даст возможность оптимизировать процесс разработки рецептур огнеупоров с заданными характеристиками, что позволит повысить эффективность процесса получения огнеупорных материалов с заданными параметрами.
The Impact of Bosu Training on The Development of Static and Dynamic Balance in Teenage Basketball Players
Authors: TURA Şadiye , KILINÇARSLAN Gökmen , BAYRAKDAR Akan , ÇAKIR Veli Ozan 
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to investigate the impacts of Bosu training on the development of static and dynamic balance in male basketball players aged 14-16 years who play actively in basketball clubs in Bingöl and train more than 7 hours weekly according to a training schedule. The study included 30 basketball players, 15 in the control group and 15 in the experimental group. The experimental group attended 30 minutes of Bosu training in addition to basketball training for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, such as height, weight, BMI, and static and dynamic balance measurements, were taken before and after the training period. The data were analysed using the SPSS package. The distribution of the pre-test and post-test data was examined for each group. Normality of the data distribution and homogeneity of variances were checked using the Mauchly sphericity test and the Levene test. Then, the dependent variables within each group were compared using the paired-sample t-test. The study used a p-value of less than 0.05 to assess the significance of the results. The mean values of height, weight, and BMI of the experimental group after the 8-week Bosu training program showed no significant difference (p>0.05). The analysis results regarding the Bosu training program's static and dynamic balance measurements yielded a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-test comparisons of the experimental group for most of the static and dynamic balance variables (p<0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in the control group or between groups (p>0.05). It was concluded that Bosu training can positively contribute to the improvement of static and dynamic balance in young basketball players.
ISSUES OF LEGAL CERTAINTY AFTER THE ISSUANCE OF MINISTER OF MANPOWER REGULATION NO. 18 OF 2022 ON MINIMUM WAGE DETERMINATION FOR 2023.
Authors: Armantjoneng  , S.Sewu Lindawaty , Septina Basani Christin 
Published: April 2024

In November 2022, the government issued Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 18 of 2022 concerning the Determination of Minimum Wage for 2023, despite already having regulations related to wages, namely Government Regulation No. 36 of 2021 concerning Wages. The emergence of this regulation is considered to cause legal uncertainty as there is already a government regulation on wages and it undermines the results of the constitutional review of the Job Creation Law, where the Constitutional Court's decision states that the Job Creation Law remains valid for the next 2 years and does not require additional regulations. This has led to legal uncertainty regarding wage regulations.
The research method employed in this study is the normative legal research method, which involves examining literature or secondary data. The approach used included the statute approach, which analyzes all legislation and regulations related to the legal issues being addressed, and the conceptual approach, which stems from perspectives and doctrines within legal studies. The data used consisted of secondary data obtained through literature reviews and primary data obtained through interviews with respondents and relevant institutions.
The results of this research are expected to provide answers to the dualism in legislation regarding wages, particularly for legal certainty for employers, workers, and investors. The determination of minimum wage is indeed crucial in the economic field, as it relates not only to the purchasing power of the society for wage increases but also to legal certainty needed by employers and investors, including the government's consistency in enacting legislation.
6. Analisis Karakteristik Aerodinamika dari Berbagai Geometri Fin Bom 500 lbs dengan Metode Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Authors: Yudho Giri , Nasution Bariq , Yogaswara Y. H. , Jengkar Sapta , Handoko  
Published: April 2024

Dalam perancangan bom udara dibutuhkan analisis dan aerodynamic database untuk mengetahui performa dan karakteristiknya secara dinamika terbang. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik aerodinamika pada komponen fin, serta mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan bentuk geometri fin terhadap karakteristik aerodinamika bom secara kolektif. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis numerik dengan simulasi CFD untuk memprediksi karakteristik aerodinamika dan mengamati fenomena aliran yang terjadi. Model yang digunakan adalah bom sejenis MK 80 Series 500 lbs yang didesain dengan CAD berbasis data pengukuran dari 3D Scan. Simulasi secara numerik dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik aerodinamika dari desain bom udara pada masing-masing konfigurasi fin bom yang dianalisis. Hasil yang diperoleh terdapat perbedaan nilai koefisien lift, drag, dan aerodynamic center. Geometri fin trapesium dan persegi panjang menunjukkan hasil yang relatif tidak jauh berbeda, sedangkan geometri fin segitiga menunjukkan deviasi CL dan CD yang relatif tinggi pada angle of attack yang besar dibandingkan dua model lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi, fin persegi panjang memiliki karakteristik aerodinamika yang lebih baik dibandingkan fin segitiga karena menyerupai karakteristik aerodinamika fin original yang berbentuk trapesium.
Anti-inflammatory Effect of the Hydroethanolic Extract from Dacryodes kukachkana Leaves in Mice: Role of Macrophage Nitric Oxide
Authors: Peixoto Anny Beatriz Silveira , Holanda Bianca Feitosa , Queiroz Cléo Vanessa Gomes de , Lopes Roberta de Freitas , Araujo Diego Freitas de , Frota Lucas Soares , Barbosa Sara Ingrid Caetano Gomes , Morais Selene Maia de , Cunha Renildo Moura da , Assreuy Ana Maria Sampaio 
Published: April 2024

Aims: This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the effect of the hydroethanolic extract from D. kukachkana leaves (HEDkL) in mice models of acute inflammation and in isolated macrophages stimulated with carrageenan, along with possible adverse effects in the central nervous system.
Study Design: After characterization of phenolic constituents, HEDkL was injected in the animals 60 min before the administration of inflammatory stimulis. The anti-inflammatory effect of HEDkL was evaluated in the models of paw edema, peritonitis and air pouch and in peritoneal macrophages stimulated with carrageenan in vitro. The per se effect of HEDkL was evaluated for behavioral alterations.
Place and Duration of Study: Higher Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Animal Health Research Center, State University of Ceara; Physiopharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Acre; between March 2021 and March 2023.
Methodology: The characterization of phenolic compounds was performed by HPLC-DAD.
Swiss mice (25 - 35 g) received HEDkL (25 - 200 mg/kg; per oral) 60 min before carrageenan. Macrophages were incubated with HEDkL (100 - 200 µg/mL) before being stimulated. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed for edema, hypernociception, vascular permeability, leukocyte infiltrate, oxidative stress and inflammatory. Behavioral alterations (exploratory, anxiolytic, depressant activities) were evaluated in the animals treated with HEDkL (50 mg/kg).
Results: The HPLC-DAD revealed the presence of ellagic acid, epicatechin and gallic acid. In the paw edema model, HEDkL (50 mg/kg) inhibited the edema late phase (2 - 5h) by 45% and the activity of the enzyme myeloperoxidase by 48%. In the peritonitis model, HEDkL (50 mg/kg) reduced leukocyte migration (45%), hypernociception (73%), total proteins (20%) and NO2-/NO3- (23%). In the air pouch model, HEDkL (50 mg/kg) reduced the migration of total leukocytes (76%) and neutrophils (88%). In vitro HEDkL (200 µg/mL) reduced by 31% the NO2-/NO3- in the supernatant of macrophages. HEDkL did not alter the animals exploratory, anxiolytic, or depressant behaviors.
Conclusion: HEDkL containing flavonoids and phenols presents anti-inflammatory effect in vivo and in vitro involving nitric oxide inhibition, being devoid of behavioral alterations.
Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) Test among Subjects in Rivers State of Nigeria
Authors: Nwalozie Rhoda , Nnokam Brenda Anyakwe , Kareem Jubril Adeyinka , Obi-Thomas Jane Nkechi 
Published: April 2024

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is a significant public health concern in Nigeria, with varying prevalence across different regions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of MTB infection and its association with socio-demographic variables in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study involved 392 participants from three local government areas (LGAs): Eleme, Obio/Akpor, and PHALGA. The Acid Fast Bacilli test was used to detect MTB in sputum samples. Socio-demographic data, including age, sex, marital status, education, and occupation, were collected using a structured questionnaire. A stratified random sampling method was employed. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The overall prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was 0.8%. Analysis of socio-demographic variables revealed no significant associations with infection rates, as indicated by non-significant p-values of (p=0.266), (p=0.832), (p=0.730), (p=0.673), (p=0.925) for age, sex, education, occupation, and marital status respectively. The study challenges traditional assumptions about demographic vulnerability. This research provides critical insights into the epidemiology of TB in Rivers State. The low prevalence suggests improved healthcare access and awareness. However, larger, more representative studies with advanced diagnostic methods are recommended for a comprehensive understanding and targeted interventions for TB control in Rivers State.
Synthesis and characterization of chiral polyacrylates and their applications as positive tone photoresists
Authors: Hung Hsien‐Jung , Yang Po‐Chih , Liu Jui‐Hsiang 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTo estimate the effects of diastereomeric copolymers as photoresists, diastereomeric copolymers containing chiral and racemic bornyl methacrylates (BMAs) were synthesized. Both alicyclic BMAs were synthesized from (−)‐borneol and (±)‐borneol, and then copolymerized with t‐butyl methacrylate (t‐BMA), tetrahydro‐pyranyl methacrylate (THPMA), and α‐methacryloxy‐γ‐butyrolactone (MABL). The glass transition temperature of the copolymers was found to increase with an increase in the content of alicyclic bornyl groups in the copolymers. To investigate the effect of both the alicyclic butyrolactone and the bornyl groups on photosensitivity, thermal property, and etching resistance, the synthesized alicyclic copolymers were used to prepare photoresists with photoacid generators. The sensitivity and the contrast of the photoresists were calculated. This investigation demonstrated that the existence of alicyclic butyrolactone and bornyl groups increases the etching resistance of photoresists. It was also found that high stereo hindered bornyl structures disturb and restrict the mobility of the polymer chain, leading to an increase in the thermal stability of the polymers. A real pattern recording of photoresists with PR3 composition was performed; an optimal sensitivity of 20 mJ/cm2 and resolution of 1 μm of positive tone photoresists with 1 μm thickness was achieved. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation and characterization of molecular photoresists: Crosslinkable positive and water developable negative tones
Authors: Liao Yin‐Yin , Liu Jui‐Hsiang 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe development of a water‐developable negative photoresist from β‐CD using an acid‐catalyzed chemical amplification method is investigated here. Tertiary butoxyl protected β‐cyclodextrin (t‐BOC‐CD) is also synthesized and used to prepare a positive photoresist. Glutaraldehyde is added as a crosslinking agent for both positive and negative photoresists. Deprotection of t‐BOC‐CD is accelerated by a photo‐induced acid. In the presence of glutaraldehyde and acid, both the deprotected t‐BOC‐CD and β‐cyclodextrin are crosslinked. The introduction of a t‐butoxyl group into the β‐CD molecule and the addition of glutaraldehyde into the β‐CD molecules are both found to decrease the crystallinity of the molecules, improving the resist film properties. The etching resistance of both positive and negative photoresist films is improved by the crosslinking method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Study on structure and properties of SSBR/SiO2 co‐coagulated rubber and SSBR filled with nanosilica composites
Authors: Liu Xiao , Zhao Suhe 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe morphological structure, glass transition, mechanical properties, and dynamic mechanical properties of star‐shaped solution‐polymerized styrene‐butadiene rubber (SSBR) synthesized by a multifunctional organic lithium initiator and SiO2‐SSBR composite (N‐SSBR) prepared through adding a small amount of nanosilica modified by silane coupling agent to star‐shaped SSBR synthetic solution and co‐coagulating, and their nanocomposites filled with 20 phr nanosilica were investigated, respectively. The results showed that the silica particles were well dispersed with nanosize in N‐SSBR, which glass‐transition temperature (Tg) was 2°C higher than SSBR. N‐SSBR/SiO2 nanocomposite exhibited lower Payne effect and internal friction loss, higher mechanical properties, and its Tg was 2°C higher than SSBR/SiO2 nanocomposite. N‐SSBR might promote the dispersion of nanosilica powder in matrix and could be applied to green tire tread materials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Effects of oxygen on mouse embryonic stem cell growth, phenotype retention, and cellular energetics
Authors: Powers Daryl E. , Millman Jeffrey R. , Huang Ryan B. , Colton Clark K. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMost embryonic stem (ES) cell research is performed with a gas phase oxygen partial pressure (pO2) of 142 mmHg, whereas embryonic cells in early development are exposed to pO2 values of 0–30 mmHg. To understand effects of these differences, we studied murine ES (mES) growth, maintenance of stem cell phenotype, and cell energetics over a pO2 range of 0–285 mmHg, in the presence or absence of differentiation‐suppressing leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). With LIF, growth rate was sensitive to pO2 but constant with time, and expression of self‐renewal transcription factors decreased at extremes of pO2. Subtle morphological changes suggested some early differentiation, but cells retained the ability to differentiate into derivatives of all three germ layers at low pO2. Without LIF, growth rate decreased with time, and self‐renewal transcription factor mRNA decreased further. Gross morphological changes occurred, and overt differentiation occurred at all pO2. These findings suggested that hypoxia in the presence of LIF promoted limited early differentiation. ES cells survived oxygen starvation with negligible cell death by increasing anaerobic metabolism within 48 h of anoxic exposure. Decreasing pO2 to 36 mmHg or lower decreased oxygen consumption rate and increased lactate production rate. The fraction of ATP generated aerobically was 60% at or above 142 mmHg and decreased to 0% under anoxia, but the total ATP production rate remained nearly constant at all pO2. In conclusion, undifferentiated ES cells adapt their energy metabolism to proliferate at all pO2 between 0 and 285 mmHg. Oxygen has minimal effects on undifferentiated cell growth and phenotype, but may exert more substantial effects under differentiating conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;101: 241–254. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.