bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MALIGNANT SYNOVIOMA: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DIVERSITY OF TISSUE DIFFERENTIATION
Authors: Harkness G. G. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo cases of malignant synovioma, one of which shows an unusual diversity of tissue differentiation, are recorded. The histological nature of the tumours and the conclusion that the malignant synoviomata are connective tissue neoplasms which possess the same capacity of diverse tissue differentiation as is shown by the normal connectivetissue of the synovium is discussed.
PERFORATION OF JEJUNAL DIVERTICULUM ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE RETROGRADE JEJUNO‐GASTRIC INTUSSUSCEPTION
Authors: Dunlop E. E. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

A case of perforation of a jejunal diverticulum, complicating acute jejuno‐gastricintussusception, is described.
The patient survived following operative resection of jejunum.
Both conditions are rare. The combination appears to be unique.
FOLLOW‐UP STUDY OF 264 CASES OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISC LESION TREATED SURGICALLY
Authors: Miller Douglas 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFrom a personal series of over 1,000 cases of intervertebral disc lesion treated sur‐gically, 400 patients were sent a question‐Of these, 85 per cent. had returned to their normal work.The records of the remaining 15 per cent. are examined in an effort to determine factors influencing poor results.
ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE KIDNEY
Authors: Briggs G. W. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryOne hundred cases of adenocarcinomata of the kidney are presented, all of which have been proven microscopically. Because of lack of histological proof, many probable cases have been excluded.The commonest symptom is haematuria and this was present in all cases when the tumour had involved the renal pelvis.Invasion of the renal vein, loss of weight and metastases are common companions.It would appear that metastases are often present before nephrectomy is performed for an apparent local clinical lesion.The prognosis of the patient with this lesion is not improved by early surgical ablation.The malignancy of renal carcinoma is emphasized.
VAGINAL VAULT PROLAPSE
Authors: Buchanan J. M. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA modified procedure for dealing with vaginal vault prolapse is presented as being sound in principle. It produces an excellent cosmetic result and this method has been used with complete satisfaction in the treatment of 11 cases of vaginal inversion.As the management of this type of case is always difficult, the employment of an operation of the nature just described is warranted by the prospects of permanent cure.
UNUSUAL PENETRATING PEPTIC ULCERS
Authors: Wilson Edward 
Published: January 2008

SummaryPeptic ulcers penetrating the liver, spleen, and common bile duct are described.It is concluded that in cases of extreme difficulty the initial operative treatment of a penetrating ulcer should be limited to excision of the edges of the ulcer and closure of the resultant defect in the stomach or duodenum, a definitive gastrectomy being performed subsequently. In addition, it is suggested that in some other cases of penetrating peptic ulcer Wangensteen's tubular gastric resection with transverse gastroplasty has a place as the initial procedure.
PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF THE LIVER
Authors: Fleming W. B. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1.The current knowledge of primary carcinoma of the liver is reviewed.2.Sixty autopsy cases from the State of Victoria are described, including 4.4. livercell carcinomata, 14 bile‐duct carcinomata and 2 anaplastic tumours and their behaviour is compared with series from other parts of the world.3.Attention is drawn to two distinct groups of liver‐cell carcinoma:(a) a group of nodular tumours in cirrhotic livers possessing a trabecular histological pattern, in which extrahepatic metastasis is rare despite the almost constant and heavy intrahepatic venous invasion;(b) a group of massive infiltrating tumours in non‐cirrhotic livers in which the metastatic behaviour is similar to that of other, more common, carcinomata.4.Cirrhosis of the liver as a causal factor is discussed; it is concluded that carcinoma is a sequel of long‐standing progressive cirrhosis rather than post‐necrotic hyperplasia.5.The remarkable frequency of liver‐cell carcinoma at an early age in young Africans is related to the early and frequent occurrence of cirrhosis among them.6. Eight cases of haemochromatosis complicated by carcinoma of the liver are discussed.7. It is concluded that primary carcinoma of the liver in Victoria conforms to the pattern which the disease has demonstrated in European populations.
THE PRESENT DILEMMA IN CANCER THERAPY
Authors: King E. S. J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryNeoplasms (of which cancer is one of the most numerous and important examples) comprise a large number of different forms of growth. They are similar in that they are complex variants of the normal cells and thus the factors determining their mode of growth are those which are inherent in the growth of the normal cells, that is to say, they are inherent in life itself. For this reason it is probable that the answer to the cancer question will be bound up in the answer to the fundamental problems of biology.In any case it is not a matter of a single or simple problem to which there is a single or simple answer.Each group differs from the others and in each group there is a considerabe variety of appearance and activity which are the indexes of differences of rates of growths and methods of spread, amongst other features. It is therefore necessary to take each case on its merits; none can be dealt with adequately by any rule of thumb method and, most important of all, none can be assessed on the basis of other less malignant conditions.It is particularly important that the nonneoplastic states which resemble tumours and the least malignant of the neoplasms should not be given undue prominence. The understandable human characteristic remarked upon by Gibbon in his day is still with us but, with the amazing improvements in our knowledge and our armamentarium, we can surely face the issue squarely and appreciate that, though we have travelled a considerable way along the road, we are still a long way from our destination – an understanding of either of those enigmas – cancer or life. Tumours are one manifestation of the phenomena to be observed in the living cell and, from many points of view, our problems become clearer, if apparently more formidable, when we appreciate that the one is bound up in the other and that any explanation of cancer development which does not embody an interpretation of fundamental biological processes, will be incomplete and futile. Trie road ahead is long and arduous and, correspondingly, treatment will advance only gradually and tardily. It is neither wishful thinking nor unfounded claims of suceessful therapy; but the unearthing of information regarding the nature of cancer (and, as just said, of life itself) that will determine future progress.
THE MANAGEMENT OF ENDOMETRIOSIS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE
Authors: Fleming W. B. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. The current knowledge of endometriosis of the large bowel is reviewed, emphasizing the features assisting the differential diagnosis between this disease and carcinoma.2. Attention is drawn to two ways in which endometriosis might involve the bowel: (a) as part of a generalized pelvic endometriosis when the diagnosis is often straightforward; (b)by producing a disc‐rete intestinal lesion when it is likely to be mistaken for carcinoma and extensive and unnecessary surgery undertaken to cure it.3. This problem of diagnosis of the discrete lesion is illustrated by 5 case histories.4. Endometriosis should be suspected if there is menstrual periodicity of symptoms.5. It is shown that biopsy at operation of all apparent carcinomata of the colon in young women is justified to avoid errors in diagnosis.6. In most patients it is found that pelvic endometriosis is extensive and requires treatment by hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy, irrespective of age. When the pelvic organs are intact it is believed an attempt should be made to conserve ovarian function in a young woman and to treat the lesion by resection. In older women one should avoid a dangerous resection and instead produce atrophy of the lesion by inducing an artificial menopause.
CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST IN A MALE WITH CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE
Authors: Gwynne J. F. , Dawson E. O. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case of carcinoma of the prostate with widespread metastases is reported in whom a coincident malignant growth was found in the right breast at autopsy. The spleen was diffusely infiltrated with tumour. A possible association with stilboestrol therapy is discussed. Observation of the breasts in patients having this treatment appears warranted.
CHANGES IN CELLULAR PROTEINS DURING CHEMICALLY‐INDUCED TUMOUR FORMATION IN THE LIVER
Authors: Hughes P. E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryEvidence is presented that in the malignant cell of rat liver tumours a highly specific cellular protein has either been lost or has been modified; this is judged by the cell's control the growth of tissues and organs and, in ordinary circumstances, limit the proliferation of tissue cells.The significance of these observations in human neoplasms is as yet uncertain. However, this is being studied and if the staining technique should prove applicable it will be not only a valuable method of investigating tumours but possibly also important in differentiating tumour‐like masses from true neo‐plasms.
CARCINOMA OF THE SUPRA‐AORTIC PART OF THE THORACIC OESOPHAGUS
Authors: YEOH G. S. , COHEN Y. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

Carcinoma of the supra‐aortic part of the thoracic oesophagus offered a serious problem in oesophageal surgery. Difficulty in anastomosing the stomach as high up as the neck has been the reason.
It has been shown that the lower 6 cms. to 7.5 cms. of the oesophagus receive an adequate blood supply through the oesophageal branch of the left gastric artery via its anastomosis with the right gastric artery.
It is considered that this adequacy of blood supply permits the lower third of the oesophagus to be transferred to the neck for anastomosis with the cervical oesophagus.
This method of anastomosis enables a resection to be carried out on these high growths of the thoracic oesophagus in the same fashion as growths of the middle third of the oesophagus.
A method of carrying out this procedure is presented with the management thereof.
Six cases are reported and comments made on each case.
It is advocated that the lower third of the oesophagus should be preserved for anastomosis with the upper oesophagus in the treatment of growths of the supra‐aortic oesophagus.
BRIEF HISTORY OF PEPTIC ULCER SURGERY
Authors: WOODWARD W. W. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

An outline is given of some of the extremely heterogeneous operations that have been applied to the treatment of peptic ulcers.
Special notice is taken of contributions by Billroth and his pupils, about whose lives brief notes are added.
Incidental mention is made of the earlier history of intestinal suture.
The fate of the operations is briefly shown.
SOME RECENT STUDIES ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF SMOOTH MUSCLE, AND THE MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION, AND SOME POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS TO SURGICAL PROBLEMS
Authors: MILTOX G. W. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryRecent work on the physiology of gastrointestinal smooth muscle has been reviewed, it is concluded that:–

The smooth muscle of the bowel wall is probably co‐ordinated by a slowly spreading electrical wave, which spreads from cell to cell.
The nerve plexuses in the bowel wall are not intimately related to the co‐ordination of the gut musculature in the small intestine.
The co‐ordination of the smooth muscle is disturbed by an anastomosis, and may be damaged for months, at Jeast, by the injudicious use of bowel clamps.
The different electropotential waves which may be recorded from the small intestine have been reviewed.
The mechanism of gastric emptying, and the possible methods of adaptation available to the gut following gastrectomy, are outlined.
The manner in which post‐gastrectomy dumping syndromes may be either initiated, or augmented, by vasomotor reflexes initiated from hyperactive bowel wall has been discussed.
The different mechanical characteristics of different parts of the small intestine have been discussed in connection with the use of small intestine transplants in urology.
GALL‐STONE ILEUS
Authors: MCCARTHY J. J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn these three cases that I have had the privilege of attending the outstanding features and conclusions are:1. Three cases of gall‐stone obstruction occurred in a period of less than ten months accounting approximately for 3 per cent, of all cases of obstruction in this period.2. The operative mortality was nil, due possibly to X‐ray diagnosis being made early in each case.3. Gall‐bladder dyspepsia was noted in two of the three cases and wound infection was severe in a similar number.4. Unusual method of removal of stone in Case 3.5. Although it is suggested that air in the bile ducts is a most important sign, occurring in two out of these three cases, it cannot be said that it occurs in 66 per cent, of cases. Brockis and Gilbert had only one such case in the twelve he reports (a percentage of 8.5). No one has a large enough series to say what the actual percentage is but it probably lies some where between these two figures. With a knowledge of what to look for it may be noted more often.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, LEG ULCERATION AND POSITIVE LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS CELL TEST
Authors: Benjamin M. K. , Hueston J. T. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

A report is given of an elderly male with rheumatoid arthritis, chronic ulceration of the leg and positive L.E. cell test, as described by Allison and Bettley (1957). In addition the auto‐immune complement fixation (AICF) test was positive.
Split skin autografts to the ulcer failed, to survive. When repeated during continuing cortisone administration they survived.
This experience favours an immunological I pathogenesis both for the original ulcer and for the non‐survival of the initial autograft.
A plan is submitted for the investigation of cases with rheumatoid arthritis and leg ulceration including an L.E. cell test. Treatment of such cases is suggested based on the use of cortisone if an initial graft fails to survive.
SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION FOLLOWING ABDOMINOPERINEAL EXCISION OF THE RECTUM
Authors: HUGHES E. S. R. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. A series of 6 cases subjected to abdominoperineal excision of the rectum and com‐, plicated in the immediate post‐operative period by herniation of a knuckle of small intestine through the pelvic peritoneal suture line is recorded.2. The complication is due to a defect appearing immediately after operation because symptoms appeared on the first or second post‐operative day.3. The most important symptom was pain on the second post‐operative day. This was often associated with a rise in temperature which was misleading.4. The complication is likely to be overlooked because symptoms are not typical of obstruction until relatively late.5. The complication can be prevented by attention to suturing of the pelvic peritoneum. A continuous interlocking suture reinforced with interrupted sutures is recommended.
A MODIFIED TECHNIQUE OF LOWER LIMB VENOGRAPHY
Authors: PATON R. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo modifications are suggested for the accepted method of performing an intravenous ascending venogram. The first modification is the injection of the contrast medium through a fine polythene cannula inserted into a small vein of the “ankle flare” below the medial malleolus, in a distal direction, the use of a tourniquet being unnecessary. Secondly, it is suggested that the Valsalva manoeuvre is of value in demonstrating reversal of blood flow through communicating veins which have an incompetent valve. A technique is described incorporating the modifications with illustrations of their use.
TRAUMATIC INTRAPERITONEAL RUPTURE OF THE URINARY BLADDER
Authors: HARTLEY B. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe prognosis of intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder is known to be improved by early operation. Early diagnosis is therefore essential. A clinical triad of injury, inability to void, and lower abdominal pain will always suggest it, but is not always found. Radiographic methods are a great help, both in the localization of the lesion and in the demonstration of other accompanying injuries. These methods also have their limitations; however, the use of a carefully planned routine will give a great deal of valuable information. Treatment is both local and general. Supra‐pubic drainage of the bladder should be used whenever possible.A typical case has been presented.
PRIMARY DUODENAL DIVERTICULA AND THEIR PROBLEMS
Authors: Lane Daniel 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA series of 28 cases of duodenal diverticula requiring admission to hospital has beenreviewed from various sources in Brisbane. Eight of these cases were subjected to excision of the diverticula with a mortality of one due to pancreatitis.Five cases have been selected from private records to illustrate some of the problemsof duodenal diverticula.There are many pitfalls involved in both diagnosis and treatment. The incidence of bleeding in this series was surprisingly high.It has been difficult to ascertain the effect of excision of the uncomplicated diverticulum. Many of these patients have proved very vaguein their symptomatology.Cases for operation must be selected with great care. Many barium meals may be required to establish the correct diagnosis. Cholecystectomy should be performed only if the gall‐bladder is the seat of some pathological process. It was performed much too readily inthis series.Operations on duodenal diverticula are rarely justified unless complications arise. It is important to assess not only the type of diverticulum but also the type of patient in whom it is found.
A FATAL CASE OF CANCER OF THE GALL‐BLADDER: SOME AETIOLOGICAL AND SURGICAL OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Reeve T. S. , Rundle F. F. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA patient who underwent cholecystostomy and removal of multiple gall‐stones, developed, twenty‐eight years later, an empyema of the gall‐bladder, an abdominal wall abscess and fistulous track. The underlying condition was a cancer in the gall‐bladder. Note worthyfeatures were the long latent period of twenty‐eight years between cholecystostomy and her presenting with cancer, the subsequent development of a massive recurrence in the abdominal wall three and one‐third years after cholecystectomy, and the probability that this recurrence resulted from extension of the growth to the fistulous track. Failure to excise the track completely may have determined the eventually fatal outcome five years after cholecystectomy.
ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY OCCLUSION AND RELATED SYNDROMES
Authors: Venner B. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe condition of occlusiorl of the anteriot tibial artery is described and illustrated by a case of embolism resulting in gangrene of the tissues of the anterior compartment, infection and ultimately in amputation. The related condition of the anterior tibial syndrome is mentioned. The early reccgnition of the condition is necessary, to employ a minorsurgical procedure which may offer some prospect of mitigating the effects of the ischaemia.
FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE IN SURGERY*
Authors: Nanson Eric M. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

The distribution of fluid and electrolytes in the three body compartments has been stated.
The regulation of fluid and electrolyte intake and output has been discussed, and the way this regulation may be upset has been pointed out.
The calculation of the various fluid and electrolyte deficits is described. The value of the Scribner method of calculating the twenty‐four hour loss is stressed.
The various repair solutions and their appropriate applications are described.
The importance of early restoration of normal renal function is stressed.
Potassium metabolism is discussed in a tabulated form.
The effects of operation per se on fluid and electrolyte regulation are discussed.
THE USE OF THE YEENEMA TROCAR IN PERINEAL PROSTATIC BIOPSY
Authors: Maddern J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAs the digital diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate is open to a significant error, oestrogen therapy or radical surgery should not be begun on this evidence alone. Some confirmatory evidence should be obtained.Trocar perineal biopsy is a useful method of confirming the diagnosis in:(a) Cases in within carcinoma is suspected clinically.(b) Hard nodules in the prostate.(c) Cases with extensive osteosclerotic lesions in which the prostate is not unduly hard.The Veenema trocar gives a simple and effective method of performing this with a good degree of accuracy and a minimum of complications.
ARTHRODESIS OF THE HIP
Authors: Williams Peter 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. One hundred and twenty‐two operations for arthrodesis of the hip have been studied to determine the efficiency of the various techniques in obtaining bony fusion.2. It is suggested that the age of the patient, the shape of the upper end of the femur and the degree of stiffness in the hip should all be taken into account before choosing the method of fusion to be used. Some techniques have such a high failure rate that their continued use can no longer be justified. Others have such a low failure rate that if certain criteria are satisfied they can be used with almost certain success in a given case.
TUBERCULOUS ARTERITIS PRESENTING AS A POPLITEAL ANEURYSM
Authors: Jepson R. P. , Meadows R. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case of tuberculous arteritis, with false aneurysmal formation in the popliteal artery is described.Certain arteriographic features are stressed which may help to differentiate a tuberculous lesion from the more common arteriosclerotic aneurysm.Why a tuberculous arteritis should occur at this site is discussed.
HEAD INJURIES IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: Hooper Reginald 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAetiological and structural factors which result in some specific peculiarities as a result of head injuries in children are discussed.The importance of local changes at the point of impact is stressed.Difficulties in diagnosis and management of simple and compound depressed fractures are described.Severe focal brain injury may result in considerable neurological defect and in the later development of epilepsy.Extradural haemorrhages are similar in the clinical characteristics to those observed in adults, but the picture obtained in subdural haemorrhage is different. Subarachnoid haemorrhage may produce a confusing picture which can only be resolved by lumbar puncture.
TRAUMATIC INTRAMURAL HAEMATOMA OF THE DUODENUM
Authors: Shannon R. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. Three cases of traumatic intramural haematoma of the duodenum are presented.2. A review of reported cases shows a remarkable constancy of clinical features, namely, delayed onset of pain and recurrent vomiting following relatively minor trauma to the upper abdomen, the absence of shock and sometimes the finding of an abdominal mass.3. Characteristic radiological signs may confirm the diagnosis, a large gas bubble and fluid level in the stomach and also at times in the first part of duodenum in a plain X‐ray and a rounded filling defect in the second part of the duodenum on barium meal examination.4. Simple evacuation of the haematoma leads to prompt recovery.
LYMPHANGIOGRAPHY AS A DIAGNOSTIC AID REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: Gibson G. R. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA technique of lymphangiography is described and a case reported in which lymphangioprams proved to be of diaqnostic assistance in obstructive disease of the urinarytract. Further possible applications of lym‐phangiography and some of the complications and difficulties associated with it are discussed.