bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizational alignment and performance: past, present and future
Authors: Kathuria Ravi , Joshi Maheshkumar P. , Porth Stephen J. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify and define the types of organizational alignment – vertical and horizontal; to examine the evidence for the alignment‐performance relationship, and propose research questions and practical implications to advance the theory and practice of managing alignment.Design/methodology/approachThe study is a conceptual examination based on a thorough review of both theoretical and empirical research.FindingsThe paper finds that vertical alignment has received considerably more attention in the literature. Studies of horizontal alignment within organizations are less common. When horizontal alignment is studied, the focus tends to be dyadic – between two functional areas. The limitations posed by the dyadic approach suggest gaps in the research and opportunities for future research. As firms grow and diversify, becoming multi‐business organizations, the importance of horizontal alignment will be elevated.Research limitations/implicationsResearch on vertical alignment should focus on developing larger sets of moderating variables, such as the morale of the workforce, or the life cycle of the firm or industry. Research on horizontal alignment should explore multi‐point horizontal alignment.Practical implicationsManagers in organizations with multiple strategic business units could use the application questions in the study to assess the state of alignment in their respective units and the organization as a whole.Originality/valueThe paper documents existing literature on the concept of organizational alignment and identifies new opportunities to continue to build and expand the research stream. It also provides a list of application questions that may be used to assess organizational alignment in organizations.
Balanced scorecard andhoshin kanri: dynamic capabilities for managing strategic fit
Authors: Witcher Barry J. , Sum Chau Vinh 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe paper seeks to combine the uses of the balanced scorecard andhoshin kanrias integrative dynamic capabilities for the entire strategic management process. It aims to posit a model for the combination of these long‐ and short‐term organisational activities as a framework for a senior level to manage a firm's strategic fit as an integrated organisation‐wide system that links top management goals to daily management.Design/methodology/approachThe resource‐based view of strategy is explored for its relevance to how a combined balanced scorecard andhoshin kanriapproach serves as a high‐order dynamic capability. Examples are given from Canon, Toyota and Nissan, of how core capabilities are managed to show how strategy is executed cross‐functionally across a firm's functional hierarchy.FindingsThe study finds that strategic management of the organisation should consider the long‐term strategy as well as the short‐term capability. Important to this are core capabilities and core competences, cross‐functional management, and top executive audits, which, when managed properly, explicate a new view of strategic fit, as a form of nested hierarchies of dynamic capabilities.Originality/valueThe paper is the first exposition of how balanced scorecard andhoshin kanripractices may usefully complement each other in strategic management. It is a useful framework for dynamically managing sustained competitive advantage.
Optical chemical sensors for industrial applications
Authors: Bogue Robert 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the techniques used in industrial optical chemical sensors and to consider future prospects.Design/methodology/approachThis paper discusses the techniques and technologies used in today's optical chemical sensors. It highlights their limitations and considers briefly certain new technological developments.FindingsThis paper shows that techniques such as wet reagent‐aided photometry, UV absorption, spectroscopy and UV fluorescence satisfy a range of industrial chemical sensing applications and that optode technology is making limited commercial inroads. It identifies the need for inexpensive, wet reagent‐free chemical sensors and suggests that both solid‐state electrodes and lab‐on‐a‐chip devices may ultimately resolve this issue.Originality/valueThis paper provides a technical insight into the state of optical chemical sensing and illustrates that generic families of inexpensive chemical sensors are yet to be developed.
Thin‐film force sensors: opening doors in automated systems
Authors: Lowe Mark , Hood Elizabeth , Ozog Mike 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis technical paper aims to provide an overview of thin‐film force sensors, present discussions of various ways these force sensors are used in automated systems, and offer possibilities for future adaptations. Areas of interest are medicine, industry, and consumer products.Design/methodology/approachCurrent uses of thin‐film force sensors are presented based on existing prototypes and research. Current research serves as a springboard to identifying ideas for future research and development.FindingsRegarding thin‐film force sensors, finds that, thanks to features of current force‐sensing technology, consumers can expect continued introduction of high‐quality and very realistic “feeling” systems.Originality/valuePresents novel uses of force sensors and explores ideas for future research.
Sensor trends in processing and packaging of foods and pharmaceuticals
Authors: Connolly Christine 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to reveal developments in sensors applied to packaging lines.Design/methodology/approachMachine vision systems including special‐purpose smart cameras and a high‐speed camera are examined. The technology of radio frequency identification (RFID) is explained, and some products relevant to packaging are highlighted. Advances in X‐ray, metal detection and gas‐leak detection equipment are discussed.FindingsManufacturers are making smart cameras and high‐speed cameras easier to use. There is a trend for manufacturers to provide portable as well as in‐line instrumentation, for example, in code readers and gas leak detectors. RFID is an emerging technique for improving traceability in the supply chain, and some labelling machines additionally program an embedded chip.Originality/valueTracks the latest developments in sensors for engineers in the food and pharmaceutical packaging industries.
Integration of vision and inertial sensors for industrial tools tracking
Authors: Parnian N. , Golnaraghi M.F. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper represents a hybrid Vision/INS system for tool tracking applications. The proposed system incorporates low cost MEMS sensors and low cost vision type sensors for tracking industrial tools. Vision systems alone have to deal with the problem of “line of sight” and the INS sensor alone will encounter an exponential drift, which render both systems useless for the proposed application.Design/methodology/approachThe Vision/INS system with the integration of the extended Kalman filter calculates 6D position‐orientation of a tool during its operation within the required accuracy tolerance specific to the application at hand. In this paper, a tool motion modeling approach is proposed to limit the error in an acceptable range for a short period of missing data. The motion of the tool is modeled and updated at any time that the instrument is in the camera view field. This model is applied to the estimation algorithm whenever the camera is not in line of site and the optical data is missing.FindingsThe result of applying motion modeling is shown that the resulted error due to absence of the vision measurement system was bounded and decreased (see the experimental results).Originality/valueIn this paper, the tool motion modeling is proposed to bind the error in the acceptable range for a short period of missing data. The motion of the tool is modeled and updated at any time that the instrument is in the camera view field. This model is applied to the estimation algorithm whenever the camera is not in line of site and the optical data is missing.
Tuning the dynamic behaviour of cantilever MEMS based sensors and actuators
Authors: Rinaldi Gino , Packirisamy Muthukumaran , Stiharu Ion 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to establish an analytical reference model in order to optimize the frequency response of MEMS cantilever structures using cutouts.Design/methodology/approachPresented in this work is a method to tune the frequency response of MEMS cantilevers by using single cutouts of various sizes. From an interpretation of the analytical results, mass and stiffness domains are defined as a function of the cutout position on the cantilever. In this regard, the elastic properties of the MEMS cantilever can be trimmed through mechanical tuning by a single cutout incorporated into the device geometry. The Rayleigh‐Ritz energy method is used for the modeling. Analytical results are compared with FEM and experimental results.FindingsThe eigenvalues are dependent on the position and size of the cutout. Hence, the frequency response of the cantilever can be tuned and optimized through this approach.Research limitations/implicationsMEMS microsystems are sensitive to microfabrication limitations especially at the boundary support of suspended structures such as microcantilevers.Practical implicationsMEMS cantilevers are resistant to low level vibrations due to their low inertia and the elastic properties of the silicon material. For sensor applications these qualities are highly regarded and explored. This analysis will contribute to the performance optimization of atomic force microscope (AFM) probes and micromechanical resonators.Originality/valueA method to tune, with cutouts, the frequency response of microcantilevers is proposed. The data can provide insight into the performance optimization of micromechanical resonators through mass reduction. For industrial applications requiring optimized responses the cutouts can be incorporated into microcantilevers through focused ion beam (FIB) machining or laser drilling, for example.
Sustainability literacy: the future paradigm for construction education?
Authors: Murray Paul E. , Cotgrave Alison J. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to analyse the hypothesis that sustainability is destined to become the operating paradigm for construction education in the UK.Design/methodology/approachAn international literature review is used to assess the relationship between sustainability and the built environment. The viewpoints of the construction‐related professions are examined by analysing the accreditation policies of key professional bodies and through a survey of public sector‐based UK building professionals. International and national policy initiatives on educating for sustainability are reviewed and a survey of UK universities delivering construction degrees is used to explore the environmental content of construction courses. A brief case study describes recent efforts to systematically embed sustainability within construction education.FindingsThe sustainability agenda and construction are intricately linked. The rationale, therefore, for embedding sustainability within the construction curriculum is powerful. Strong policy drivers for embedding sustainability in the curriculum also exist, but the response from construction educators is thus far patchy. However, the case study demonstrates that integrating sustainability issues within construction courses is readily achievable.Practical implicationsThe findings will influence policy decisions taken by educators and professional bodies seeking to respond to the fast‐developing sustainability agenda.Originality/valueThis research demonstrates the rationale for systematically embedding sustainability within the construction curriculum to the benefit of professionals, professional bodies and educators.
Transforming strategic briefing into project briefs
Authors: Ryd Nina , Fristedt Sven 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to describe the process of the client's operationally determined requirements as they are translated into a strategic brief and how this is then transformed into a number of general briefs (outline briefs – four in total) adapted to various project categories so as to eventually be implemented in approximately 500 projects (through project briefs) distributed throughout Sweden. In addition, there is a description of the procurement procedure, which was directly based on briefs and the collaboration between the construction project's various players during the design phase, with the aim of clarifying how the development business's requirements were tested, developed and gradually implemented in the form of physical solutions.Design/methodology/approachTwo research methods have been applied: a broad (comprehensive) case study based on a workshop, interviews and studies of project documentation; and literature studies with the aim of generalising and analysing the client's brief work on the basis of the case studied.FindingsA number of factors (11 in total) of importance to implementation of the dynamic briefing are described and discussed in relation to the theoretical discussion in the field (theoretical framework). The case study supports the picture of briefing taking place as part of a dynamic process during which all players are responsible for adopting the development operation's overall goals, developing them and realising them in the best possible way in the individual project.Practical implicationsThe case study describes how business requirements are translated and developed during a collaborative process involving client and contractor – the brief's importance as procurement data. Experience from this case study may also be of benefit to other client organisations that are to implement national/international projects.Originality/valueThe case study describes new knowledge of how national change processes are realised as well as collaboration between client and contractor. The paper offers insights for the academic community, professionals in the construction industry and clients involved in large‐scale facilities and change processes.
The influence of partnering and procurement on subcontractor involvement and innovation
Authors: Erik Eriksson Per , Dickinson Michael , Khalfan Malik M.A. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to investigate how a client's cooperative procurement procedures influence subcontractor involvement, value creation, and innovation in the construction of complex facilities.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical data were collected through interviews, surveys and participation in workshops during a longitudinal action research case study. The case project was located in Sweden and concerned the construction of plant facilities for manufacturing of pharmaceutical products.FindingsThe case study findings reveal that the client's procurement procedures affect the level of subcontractor involvement and integration, but that this does not necessarily result in increased subcontractor value creation and innovation in the construction process.Research limitations/implicationsSince the empirical results are based on data collected from only one case project, the possibilities for generalisations are limited.Practical implicationsClients' procurement procedures heavily affect subcontractor involvement, but in order to increase subcontractor contributions to innovation and value creation the actors should adopt a long‐term perspective and actively work to establish an innovation‐friendly climate.Originality/valueThis paper focuses on the often‐neglected importance of subcontractors and their contributions to innovation and value creation.
Modes of condominium management: a principal‐agent perspective
Authors: Yip Ngai‐ming , Chang Chin‐oh , Hung Tzu‐ying 
Published: April 2007

PurposeCondominium is a dominant form of home ownership in metropolitan areas within Asia. Yet managing and up‐keeping such homes poses a challenge to most condominium owners, with larger condominiums equipped with sophisticated facilities becoming increasingly popular. This paper attempts to develop a model, based on a principal‐agent theoretical perspective, which provides a conceptually vigorous representation of condominium management modes: owner‐management; direct labour and third party agent‐managed modes.Design/methodology/approachParallel surveys were conducted in Taipei and Hong Kong to offer empirical evidence of the model.FindingsFrom the logistic analysis which this paper conducts, it is argued that not only does the choice of management mode reflect the quest for better management service: the mediation effect of agency costs between the lay members of home owner organisations and their leadership, as well as issues between the owners and the professional management agents, is also significant.Originality/valueFindings in this paper would help to enhance understanding of the practices used in condominium management and the factors that influence the choice of management mode.
A review and classification of academic research in facilities management
Authors: Ventovuori Tomi , Lehtonen Tero , Salonen Anssi , Nenonen Suvi 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review, evaluate and classify the academic research that has been published in facilities management (FM) and to analyse how FM research and practice are linked.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on literature review and qualitative research. Qualitative data have been gathered from academic papers published in FM‐related journals (i.e. Facilities, Journal of Facilities Management, and the Nordic Journal of Surveying and Real Estate Research – Special Series) and in conjunction with academic conferences (i.e. European Research Symposium in Facilities Management and the CIB W70 Symposium) between 1996–2005.FindingsWhen analysing empirical research in FM, research papers can be classified according to the FM topics examined in them, the type of research performed and data‐gathering methods used in the study reported, the background of the authors, research field, and research sector. Evaluation of academic papers indicates that the reporting of the methods used, data collection and limitations is inadequate in many academic papers. However, to draw valid conclusions and align FM research, methodical issues should be clearly delineated in research papers. In order to progress, the FM discipline must increasingly employ hypothesis testing and more robust data analysis techniques.Research limitations/implicationsThis research offers new insights into the current state of FM research and sheds light on the development steps needed in future. One limitation of this paper is that it does not include all the empirical research that has been done in FM.Originality/valueThis paper helps article writers to take into account the important issues brought up in literature when reporting the results of their research in order to improve validity and reliability of their studies.
The relationship of geographical indications with real property valuation and management
Authors: Blackwell Martin 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship of geographical indications (GIs) with real property valuation and management.Design/methodology/approachThe paper considers existing and developing legal frameworks and current guidance with practical examples to support points made.FindingsGIs have been overlooked to date in valuation guidance yet have a relevance that needs to be addressed. They are also relevant to practice and theory in other areas, for example compulsory purchase and planning.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper identifies issues and problems: it does not suggest complete solutions, which in particular areas will need to be based on further research.Practical implicationsThe paper has a high degree of practical relevance.Originality/valueThe paper is believed to be the first to consider the implications of GIs on real property valuation and management. The research identifies a gap in present valuation guidance and the potential for inconsistency in approach. The paper highlights the importance and relevance of GIs.
Embedding risk management: structures and approaches
Authors: Fraser Ian , Henry William 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe paper aims to report research into ways by which companies identify risks and embed risk management and control procedures and also to report on interactions between internal audit and audit committees and their contributions to risk management.Design/methodology/approachThe first section of the paper comprises a review of the literature on risk management and the roles played by internal audit and audit committees. The paper then reports the results of a series of interviews with officers in UK plcs and external auditors on the issues identified from the literature.FindingsThere was agreement that, while parent boards have ultimate responsibility, the ownership of risks must reside with management at lower levels. Companies tended to adopt a multi‐procedural approach to developing consistent risk management procedures. Internal auditors were believed to have a role to play but concerns were expressed about expertise and independence. The paper recommends a split of the internal audit and risk management functions to preserve internal audit independence and clarify internal audit roles. Audit committees are increasingly involved in risk management but there are doubts as to whether they have the time and expertise to undertake more than high level risk reviews. The paper, therefore, recommends that separate risk committees should be established to direct risk management, with audit committees adopting a watching brief over the process.Originality/valueThe Turnbull Report emerged against a background of growing demand for assurance on risk management and control effectiveness and the approach adopted has been endorsed by the Turnbull Review Group. This paper is a timely evaluation of the work being done by UK plcs in this area and indicates that there are issues to be resolved before risk management is fully embedded in company operations.
The use of ICTs in regional conflicts, war, and terrorism
Authors: Jefferson Theresa 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss how ICTs are used in regional conflicts, war and terrorism. It details some of the most common uses and provides some thoughts for researchers in the areaDesign/methodology/approachReviews the most common uses of ICTs in regional conflicts, war and terrorism.FindingsIt gives examples of the role ICTs have in influencing public opinion and foreign policy and conducting military, terrorist, and aid operations.Originality/valueProvides insights for future researchers.