bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Prefabricated Post Material on Restored Teeth: Fracture Strength and Stress Distribution
Authors: Barjau-Escribano A. , Sancho-Bru J. L. , Forner-Navarro L. , Rodríguez-Cervantes P. J. , Pérez-González A. , Sánchez-Marín F. T. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
When restoring teeth, a higher restoring success rate can be achieved by using posts with an elastic modulus similar to that of dentin and a core, with equal or higher strength, such as glass fiber posts. Moreover, the failure mode for these post systems will allow for further repair.
Effect of Saliva Contamination on the Microshear Bond Strength of One-step Self-etching Adhesive Systems to Dentin
Authors: Yoo H. M. , Oh T. S. , Pereira P. N. R. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Saliva contamination significantly affects the bond strength of one-step self-etching adhesive systems to dentin; therefore, saliva contamination must be avoided when using these systems.
A 24-month Follow-up of Flowable Resin Composite as an Intermediate Layer in Non-carious Cervical Lesions
Authors: Reis A. , Loguercio A. D. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
After 24 months of evaluation, the use of Filtek Flow as a liner under Filtek Z250 restorations did not improve the clinical performance of Class V restorations.
Cervical Microleakage in MOD Restorations: In Vitro Comparison of Indirect and Direct Composite
Authors: Duquia R. C. S. , Osinaga P. W. R. , Demarco F. F. , Habekost L. V. , Conceição E. N. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
One of the advantages reported for indirect composite restorations is the reduction of polymerization shrinkage, which could produce better marginal sealing. Although sealing of cervical enamel margins was slightly better for the indirect systems used, no difference between indirect and direct restorations was found for cervical margins in cementum/dentin.
Bond Durability of Composite Luting Agents to Ceramic When Exposed to Long-term Thermocycling
Authors: Peumans M. , Hikita K. , De Munck J. , Van Landuyt K. , Poitevin A. , Lambrechts P. , Van Meerbeek B. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Depending on the ceramic surface treatment and chemical composition of the luting cement, there is a varying degree of bonding effectiveness of resin composite cements to CAD-CAM ceramic after thermocycling.
Direct Resin Composite Restorations in Vital Versus Root-filled Posterior Teeth: A Controlled Comparative Long-term Follow-up
Authors: Adolphi G. , Zehnder M. , Bachmann L. M. , Göhring T. N. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
In endodontically-treated posterior teeth, minimal direct composite restorations had a tendency to fail more often than their counterparts in vital teeth.
Effect of Restoration Size on the Clinical Performance of Posterior “Packable” Resin Composites Over 18 Months
Authors: Brackett W. W. , Browning W. D. , Brackett M. G. , Callan R. S. , Blalock J. S. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
No association between restoration size and failure of the two posterior restorative systems was found over 18 months.
Reliability Modeling of Fault Tolerant Control Systems
Authors: LI Hongbin , Zhao Qing , Yang Zhenyu 
Published: January 2008

Reliability Modeling of Fault Tolerant Control SystemsThis paper proposes a novel approach to reliability evaluation for active Fault Tolerant Control Systems (FTCSs). By introducing a reliability index based on the control performance and hard deadline, a semi-Markov process model is proposed to describe system operation for reliability evaluation. The degraded performance of FTCSs in the presence of imperfect Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) is reflected by semi-Markov states. The semi-Markov kernel, the key parameter of the process, is determined by four probabilistic parameters based on the Markovian model of FTCSs. Computed from the transition probabilities of the semi-Markov process, the reliability index incorporates control objectives, hard deadline, and the effects of imperfect FDI, a suitable quantitative measure of the overall performance.
Estimation of the Output Deviation Norm for Uncertain, Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems in a State Dependent Form
Authors: Orłowski Przemysław 
Published: January 2008

Estimation of the Output Deviation Norm for Uncertain, Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems in a State Dependent FormNumerical evaluation of the optimal nonlinear robust control requires estimating the impact of parameter uncertainties on the system output. The main goal of the paper is to propose a method for estimating the norm of an output trajectory deviation from the nominal trajectory for nonlinear uncertain, discrete-time systems. The measure of the deviation allows us to evaluate the robustness of any designed controller. The first part of the paper concerns uncertainty modelling for nonlinear systems given in the state space dependent form. The method for numerical estimation of the maximal norm of the output trajectory deviation with applications to robust control synthesis is proposed based on the introduced three-term additive uncertainty model. Theoretical deliberations are complemented with a numerical, water-tank system example.
Evolving Co-Adapted Subcomponents in Assembler Encoding
Authors: Praczyk Tomasz 
Published: January 2008

Evolving Co-Adapted Subcomponents in Assembler EncodingThe paper presents a new Artificial Neural Network (ANN) encoding method called Assembler Encoding (AE). It assumes that the ANN is encoded in the form of a program (Assembler Encoding Program, AEP) of a linear organization and of a structure similar to the structure of a simple assembler program. The task of the AEP is to create a Connectivity Matrix (CM) which can be transformed into the ANN of any architecture. To create AEPs, and in consequence ANNs, genetic algorithms (GAs) are used. In addition to the outline of AE, the paper also presents a new AEP encoding method, i.e., the method used to represent the AEP in the form of a chromosome or a set of chromosomes. The proposed method assumes the evolution of individual components of AEPs, i.e., operations and data, in separate populations. To test the method, experiments in two areas were carried out, i.e., in optimization and in a predator-prey problem. In the first case, the task of AE was to create matrices which constituted a solution to the optimization problem. In the second case, AE was responsible for constructing neural controllers used to control artificial predators whose task was to capture a fast-moving prey.
Cannabinoid receptor 1 gene (CNR1) and susceptibility to a quantitative phenotype for hebephrenic schizophrenia
Authors: Chavarría‐Siles Iván , Contreras‐Rojas Javier , Hare Elizabeth , Walss‐Bass Consuelo , Quezada Paulina , Dassori Albana , Contreras Salvador , Medina Rolando , Ramírez Mercedes , Salazar Rodolfo , Raventos Henriette , Escamilla Michael A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFunctional alterations of components of the endogenous cannabinoid system, in particular of the cannabinoid receptor 1 protein (CB1), are hypothetical contributors to many of the symptoms seen in schizophrenia. Variants within the cannabinoid receptor 1 gene (CNR1) have been shown to be directly associated with the hebephrenic form of schizophrenia in a Japanese population. This finding, however, has yet to be replicated. In the present study we sought to study the same (AAT)n‐repeat microsatellite of the CNR1 gene which showed association to hebephrenic schizophrenia in Japan, and to investigate whether this microsatellite showed association to a hebephrenic type of schizophrenia in a family‐based association study in a population of the Central Valley of Costa Rica. The Lifetime Dimensions of Psychosis Scale and a best estimate consensus process were utilized to identify subjects with schizophrenia who had an elevated lifetime dimensional score for negative and disorganized symptoms, which we used as a proxy for “hebephrenia.” Using the Family Based Association Test we found association of these hebephrenic subjects and the (AAT)n‐repeat marker of the CNR1 (multi‐allelic P = 0.0368). Our hypothesis that an association with the (AAT)n‐repeat marker of CNR1 would not be found with the more general type of schizophrenia was also confirmed. Schizophrenic subjects with prominent lifetime scores for disorganization and negative symptoms (dimension for hebephrenia) are associated with the CNR1 gene and present a type of symptomatology that resembles chronic cannabinoid‐induced psychosis. The current finding points to the possibility of different genetic and pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying different types of schizophrenia. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interactive effects of COMT Val108/158Met and MTHFR C677T on executive function in schizophrenia
Authors: Roffman Joshua L. , Weiss Anthony P. , Deckersbach Thilo , Freudenreich Oliver , Henderson David C. , Wong Donna H. , Halsted Charles H. , Goff Donald C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSchizophrenia is characterized by heritable deficits in executive function. Two common, functional polymorphisms, catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) Val108/158Met and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, have separately been associated with executive function performance in schizophrenia. Given the closely related biochemistry of MTHFR and COMT, it is plausible that the T and Val alleles act synergistically to impair executive function. This investigation of 185 outpatients with schizophrenia examined the interactive effects of these two polymorphisms on Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) performance. Two WCST measures consistently associated with schizophrenia, perseverative errors and inability to generate categories, were contrasted among compound COMT‐MTHFR genotype groups. Individuals homozygous for the COMT Val allele who also carried at least one copy of the MTHFR T allele exhibited a significantly higher percentage of perseverative errors than patients in the other genotype groups. While the T allele also exerted a negative effect on category generation, COMT genotype did not contribute to category performance. It is plausible that cumulative effects of the MTHFR T and COMT Val alleles on intracellular methylation profiles and prefrontal dopamine transmission underlie their interactive effect on perseverative errors. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No association between the protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor‐type, Z Polypeptide 1 (PTPRZ1) gene and schizophrenia in the Japanese population
Authors: Ito Yoshihito , Yamada Shinnosuke , Takahashi Nagahide , Saito Shinichi , Yoshimi Akira , Inada Toshiya , Noda Yukihiro , Ozaki Norio 
Published: January 2008

AbstractNRG1‐ERBB signaling influences the risk for schizophrenia pathology. A recent study has reported that MAGI1, MAGI2, and protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor‐type, Z polypeptide 1 (PTPRZ1; located on 7q31.3) gene products regulate the NRG1‐ERBB4 signaling pathway, and PTPRZ1 is associated with schizophrenia in a Caucasian population. By applying a gene‐based association concept, we analyzed any association between PTPRZ1 tagging SNPs and schizophrenia in the Japanese population (576 schizophrenics and 768 controls). After linkage disequilibrium analysis, 29 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using a 5′‐exonuclease allelic discrimination assay. We found a significant association of one tagging SNP in a genotype‐wise analysis (P = 0.007); however, this might be resulted from type I error due to multiple testing (P = 0.17 after SNPSpD correction). No association was observed between schizophrenic patients and controls in either allelic, genotypic, or haplotypic analyses. Our results therefore suggest that PTPRZ1 is unlikely to be related to the development of schizophrenia in the Japanese population. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of the serotonin transporter polymorphism and obsessive‐compulsive disorder: Systematic review
Authors: Bloch Michael H. , Landeros‐Weisenberger Angeli , Sen Srijan , Dombrowski Philip , Kelmendi Ben , Coric Vladimir , Pittenger Christopher , Leckman James F. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe investigated the association between the long (l) and short (s) alleles of the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5‐HTTLPR) in the promoter region of the SLC6A4 gene and obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) using meta‐analysis to combine all published data from case–control and family based association studies (2,283 cases). In stratified meta‐analysis we investigated whether age of sample (child and adult), ethnicity (Caucasian and Asian) and study design (case–control and family‐based association studies) moderated any association. In the overall meta‐analysis we found no evidence of association between genetic variation at the 5‐HTTLPR locus and OCD. We did find significant heterogeneity between studies. In the stratified meta‐analyses, we demonstrated a significant association between the l‐allele and OCD in family‐based association studies and in studies involving children and Caucasians. Our meta‐analysis suggests the possibility that the l‐allele may be associated with OCD in specific OCD subgroups such as childhood‐onset OCD and in Caucasians. Further meta‐analyses based on individual patient data would be helpful in determining whether age of OCD onset, gender and the presence of comorbid illness (e.g., tics) moderates the relationship between 5‐HTTLPR and OCD. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An experimental analysis of ingestion rates in an omnivorous species
Authors: Stammati M. , Sabbatini G. , Visalberghi E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFood intake is difficult to estimate under natural conditions. We investigated ingestion rates of 14 different food types in 26 captive capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). The procedure consisted in weighing a piece of food and using a two alternative choice tests to present food to the subject, alone in its cage. We recorded the food chosen and the time it took the subject to consume the food entirely. Consumption time was converted into ingestion rates (g/s) for each food type. Ingestion rates of food types significantly differed, and the difference was significantly higher among foods than among subjects. In particular, ingestion rates of the fruits were higher than those of human‐processed food. Interestingly, food preferences were significantly related to energy intake rate, i.e., to the amount of energy ingested per unit of time, but not with ingestion rates or energy content alone. The energy acquired by eating different types of food cannot be calculated on the basis of the time spent eating unless a correction factor for each given food (or similar ones) is applied. Future controlled studies should provide field researchers with such corrections factors, possibly using foods collected in the wild. Am. J. Primatol. 70:510–513, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Begging for information: mother–offspring food sharing among wild Bornean orangutans
Authors: Jaeggi Adrian V. , van Noordwijk Maria A. , van Schaik Carel P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTransfer of solid food from mothers or other adults to dependent offspring is commonly observed in various primate species and both nutritional and informational benefits have been proposed to explain the function of such food sharing. Predictions from these hypotheses are tested using observational data on wild orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) at Tuanan, Central Borneo, Indonesia. In 1,145 hr of focal observation and 458 recorded food interactions between four pairs of females with offspring it was found that virtually all transfers were initiated by the offspring and that younger infants solicited food more often and did so for a greater variety of items than older offspring. All offspring primarily solicited food that was difficult to process, i.e., inaccessible to them. Furthermore, the amount of food solicitation was negatively correlated with ecological competence. Hence food sharing seemed to be related to an offspring's skill level, as suggested by the informational hypothesis. In contrast, offspring did not solicit high‐quality items more than low‐quality items and food sharing did not peak around the age of weaning, as predicted by the nutritional hypothesis. Mothers were usually passively tolerant, allowing offspring to take food but hardly ever provisioned. Parent–offspring conflict concerning food sharing was only observed well after weaning. Thus, by taking food directly from the mother, young orangutans were able to obtain information about the affordances and nutritional value of food items that were otherwise out of their reach and could familiarize themselves with the mother's diet. In species such as orangutans or other apes, characterized by a broad diet that requires extractive foraging, informational food transfer may be vital for an immature to acquire complex feeding skills and adult diet. Am. J. Primatol. 70:533–541, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
When different persons have an identical author name. How frequent are homonyms?
Authors: Aksnes Dag W. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe phenomenon that different persons may have the same author name (homonymy) represents a major problem for publication analysis at individual levels and for retriving publications based on author names more generally. In such cases, all publications from the persons sharing the name will be collected in search results. This makes it difficult to provide a true picture of a researcher's publication output. The present study examines how frequent homonyms occur in a population of more than 30,000 individuals. The population represents the entire set of research personell in Norway. It is found that 14% of the persons share their author name with one or more other individuals. For the remaining 86% there is a one‐to‐one correspondence. Thus, for the large majority of persons, homonyms do not represent a problem. In the final part of the article, potential practical applications of these findings are given particular attention.
Higher order structure of (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucans and its influence on their biological activities and complexation abilities
Authors: Sletmoen Marit , Stokke Bjørn T. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract(1,3)‐β‐D‐Glucans form a group of biologically active biopolymers that exist in different structural organizations depending on the environmental conditions. The biological effect of (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucans is a core issue stimulating large research efforts of the molecular properties and their consequences for action as biological response modifiers. The fascination for these molecules increased further following the finding of their ability to form complexes of defined geometry with a number of structures, ranging from linear architectures as polymers or carbon nanotubes, to globular structures as gold particles or dye molecules. The fascinating information concerning the relationship between sample treatment history and molecular organization has not yet reached out to all the contributors within the field, resulting in unnecessary apparent inconsistencies in the literature. In addition to environmental conditions, the sample history is known to influence on the precise structural organization of these molecules. The present knowledge related to the structure of native as well as denatured, renatured and annealed (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucans is reviewed. The influence of their structural organization on the biological activity and complexation abilities is discussed, and some factors hindering progress in the understanding of their biological effects or complexation abilities are pointed out. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 310–321, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley. com
High concentrations of clavulanic acid but not of its degradation products decrease glycerol consumption and oxygen uptake rates in cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus
Authors: Brethauer Simone , Held Martin , Panke Sven 
Published: January 2008

AbstractProduct inhibition of biological production systems is a widely observed phenomenon with prominent implications for the design and ultimately the success of biotechnological processes. In order to investigate whether such effects could limit the maximal concentrations in the production of the β‐lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid (CA) in Streptomyces clavuligerus cultivations under process‐related conditions, we first validated the equivalence of a laboratory scale aerated stirred tank reactor and a medium scale (50 mL) cultivation device, which required optimization of gas transfer in the latter and finally allowed to conduct the required experiments in smaller volumes with correspondingly reduced consumption of compounds. With this, we investigated the effect of CA additions on two global performance parameters: consumption of the carbon source glycerol and oxygen consumption (measured as the oxygen uptake rate, OUR). Increased levels of CA severely interfered with the physiology of the producing strain at least at and above 1.6 g L−1 CA, as indicated by a dose‐dependent decrease in maximal OURs and glycerol consumption rates. As CA is rapidly degraded during cultivation, it was unclear whether CA itself or its decomposition products, a complex mixture containing amongst others several pyrazine derivatives, were responsible for the observed effects. We supplemented S. clavuligerus cultures with mixtures of the decomposition products and found altered OUR and glycerol consumption, but CA production was not influenced. Compared to the drastic effect of CA itself, it is clear that the products of CA degradation exert a much less severe effect on growing S. clavuligerus cultures. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 439–447. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microfluidic electroporation for delivery of small molecules and genes into cells using a common DC power supply
Authors: Wang Hsiang‐Yu , Lu Chang 
Published: January 2008

AbstractElectroporation is an efficient method of introducing foreign impermeant molecules such as drugs and genes into cells. Conventional electroporation has been based on the application of short electrical pulses (electropulsation). Electropulsation requires specialized equipment and cannot be integrated easily with techniques such as electrophoresis which is based on constant voltage. Here we demonstrate the delivery of small molecules and genes into cells, using a microfluidic electroporation technique based on constant direct current (DC) voltage that we developed earlier. We demonstrate the delivery of two molecules into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO‐K1) cells: a membrane impermeable nucleic acid dye (SYTOX® Green) and a plasmid vector carrying the gene for green fluorescent protein (pEGFP‐C1). Our devices can exert field variations to flowing cells that are analogous to the application of single or multiple pulses by having different geometries. We investigate the effects of the electrical parameters and different geometries of the device on the transfection efficiency and cell viability. Our technique provides a simple solution to electroporation‐based drug and gene delivery by eliminating the need for a pulse generator. We envision that these simple microscale electroporation devices will have the potential to work in parallel on a microchip platform and such technology will allow high‐throughput functional screening of drugs and genes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 579–586. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.