bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occult leukocyte and tumor‐associated antigens assessed by flow cytometry: A Review
Authors: Morgan Alton C. , Schroff Robert W. , Ortaldo John R. , Herberman Ronald B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have developed a method for assessing the reactivity of monoclonal antibodies with intracellular antigens. This procedure has been utilized to evaluate the reliability of leukocyte surface antigens as markers of lymphoid cell lineages and for leukemic cell classification, and to further examine the specificity of tumor‐associated antigens. Occult expression of certain leukocyte antigens was found in human large granular lymphocytes (LGL), the cells responsible for natural killer (NK) activity. These included the T65 antigen, a T‐cell‐associated antigen recognized by monoclonal antibodies T101 and Leu‐1; the 140Kd 6–cell‐associated glycoprotein recognized by monoclonal antibody 82; and the molecules recognized by the monocytel macrophage antibody MO‐2. Thus, T‐cell, B‐cell, and monocyte markers were detected intracellularly in human LGL but not on the surface. Similarly, normal T‐cells expressed the 6‐2 and MO‐2 markers intracellularly. The pan‐T‐cell antigen Leu‐4 (OKT‐3) was found to be expressed intracellularly in normal monocytes and in B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. In addition, a secreted 100Kd human melanoma‐associated antigen as well as vH‐ras‐p21 oncogene product could be demonstrated intracellularly in high amounts in human tumor and viral‐transformed cells. These results indicate that leukocyte differentiation and tumor‐associated antigens are expressed in a wider variety of cells than previously detected on the cell surface; and therefore cell lineage and specificity studies require a reassessment.
Serum pregnancy‐associated α2‐glycoprotein levels in the evolution of Hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Zarzur Jorge A. , Aldao Mario , Sileoni Santos , Vides Miguel A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSerum pregnancy‐associated α2‐glyco‐protein (α2‐PAG) levels were evaluated in a follow‐up study of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and compared with biochemical and virological parameters. In a study of 25 patients with acute hepatitis, an association was found between high a2‐PAG values, ALT levels, and HBsAg in 20 patients (80%) (P<0.05), 18 recovered completely, and 2 had a protracted course. In five patients serum a2‐PAG levels were similar to those in the control group. On the other hand, eight (100%) chronic persistent HEW patients showed high levels of α2‐PAG (P < 0.05) during the study period, and these levels correlated well with inflammatory activity and failure of HBsAg elimination. There were no significant differences in α2‐PAG values between asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and controls.Serial analysis of α2‐PAG, in correlation with viral markers, biochemical parameters, and histological data, would contribute to the ability to predict the final outcome of HBV infection.
Detection of the ras p21 gene product in human leukemias by flow cytometry
Authors: Takeda Tetsuo , Krause John R. , Carey John L. , McCoy J. Philip 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo date, the detection of oncogene products in human neoplasms has relied primarily upon immunoblot analysis of specimen homogenates. Herein are reported the results of a study using flow cytometry to evaluate the expression of the ras p21 gene product in both fresh and cryopreserved specimens of human acute leukemias. Cell lines known to express ras p21 were used as positive controls and normal peripheral blood was used as a negative control. Intensity of staining for ras p21 (lp21) was expressed as the ratio of the peak channel numbers of the peak generated by staining with anti‐ras p21 to the peak obtained by staining with an isotype control. Using this method, 21 out of 32 clinical specimens of acute leukemia were found to express ras p21 in elevated amounts compared to normal peripheral blood. Flow cytometry appears to be a practical method for routine screening of clinical specimens for the expression of oncogene products on individual cells rather than cell homogenates.
Diagnostic value of ganglioside patterns in plasma of human diseases
Authors: Ayabe M. , Shichijo S. , Yokoyama M. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA method that could be facilitated for the quantitation and qualitation of gangliosides in human plasma was developed and applied in the present study for characterization of ganglioside patterns in plasmas of patients with neoplastic diseases including gastric cancer, adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL), and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). As a retrovirus‐infected disease with different clinical entity, human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type I‐associated myelopathy (HAM) was also subjected to this study. The results were compared with the patterns obtained from normal control plasmas. The analytical data revealed that GM3 increased in gastric cancer, GT1 b decreased in HAM and ATL, and GD3, GM1 and GM3 decreased in ALL. There were close correlations between various human diseases and the presence of gangliosides with their specific patterns. Furthermore, gangliosides purified from plasma of patients with HAM significantly inhibited the expression of CD4 antigen on human T lymphocyte membrane. Therefore, analytical studies of plasma gangliosides could provide diagnostic and therapeutic values in retroviral infections.
Clinical applications of luminescent assays for enzymes and enzyme labels
Authors: Bronstein Irena , Kricka Larry J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA wide range of luminescent assays for enzyme labels has been developed. The clinical application of luminescent assays for horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, xanthine oxidase, beta‐D galactosidase, and glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase is discussed. The enzyme luminescent methods provide improved sensitivity compared with colorimetric and fluorimetric assays. A new reagent, dioxetane phosphate, has provided a simple and extremely sensitive assay for alkaline phosphatase. The available instruments and new photographic detection techniques for luminescent assays are briefly discussed.
Cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin‐releasing factor levels and stimulation test in dementia of the alzheimer type
Authors: Martignoni Emilia , Costa Alfredo , Nappi Giuseppe , Petraglia Felice , Monzani Anna , Genazzani Andrea R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExperimental findings have recently suggested a toxic role for glucocorticoids in hippocampus, the main brain target for the adrenocortical hormones. In this study, we explored the activity of the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis in a group of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) and in a control group of age‐matched subjects. We measured the corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and evaluated the plasma cortisol response to a CRF stimulation test. While no differences were observed in the results of the CRF test for two groups, CSF CRF values in DAT patients were found to be significantly higher than in controls. Bearing in mind the bidirectional relationships between the neuroendocrine and immune systems and the changes in some immunological parameters reported in DAT, the possible role of HPA axis hyperactivity in the pathogenesis of primary dementia is discussed.
Failure of orthoclone okt3 retreatment in a pancreas transplant recipient with antimurine antibodies
Authors: Schroeder Timothy J. , Hurtubise Paul E. , Munda Rino , Pedersen Susan H. , Wesley Alexander J. , Roy First M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOrthoclone OKT3 is a murine monoclonal antibody that blocks the generation and function of T lymphocytes. It has been shown to be effective in reversing acute cellular rejection in solid organ transplants. However, potential development of antimurine antibodies restricts the duration that the drug can be used and the ability to reuse the drug. The case reported in this article illustrates the failure of retreatment with OKT3 when high titer (1:3200) antimurine antibodies are present. Lack of efficacy of the drug was documented by virtually undetectable circulating OKT3 levels in plasma, no decrease in T3 lymphocytes, and organ rejection. OKT3 should only be reused when immune monitoring (antimurine antibody status, lymphocyte subsets, and OKT3 plasma levels) is performed before, during, and after its use. Patients with high‐titer anti‐OKT3 antibody should not be retreated with OKT3.
Evaluation of the Beckman Synchron cx4 clinical chemistry analyzer in a hospital laboratory
Authors: Ambus T. , Korogyi N. , Decampos F. , Groom B. , Innanen V. T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Beckman Synchron CX4 random‐access multianalyzer was evaluated in a medium sized hospital laboratory. The instrument does end‐point, rate, and multipoint assays and carries on‐board reagents for 24 tests. In addition to predefined tests, the instrument can be programmed for 100 user‐defined tests; these are stored on the hard disk and can utilize up to three component reagents each. The throughput is 200 tests per hour. There is stat testing capability. In our evaluation, within‐run and between‐run precision and linearity were good, and no reagent carryover was detected. There was good correlation with the in‐house methodology for the 19 tests evaluated. A disadvantage at the time of evaluation was interference by elevated bilirubin on creatinine, phosphorus, uric acid, and triglycerides. This problem of interference is being addressed by the manufacturer.
Lack of leu‐3a epitope on t‐helper (cd4) lymphocytes
Authors: Angadi Channabasappa V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman T‐helper cells express membrane‐bound CD4 antigen whose many epitopes are recognized by different monoclonal antibodies. The epitope recognized by Leu‐3a and similar clones has been shown to be the location for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receptor. We have found a unique blood donor whose CD4+ T‐helper lymphocytes were lacking Leu‐3a epitope. CD4+ T‐helper cells lacking Leu‐3a epitope might be resistant to HIV infection.
Novel and sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune‐complex‐transfer enzyme immunoassay) for antihuman t cell leukemia virus type 1 igg in human serum using recombinant gag‐env hybrid protein as antigen
Authors: Kohno Hiroaki , Kohno Takeyuki , Ishikawa Eiji , Sakoda Iwane 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA novel and sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune‐complex‐transfer enzyme immunoassay) for antihuman T cell leukemia virus type 1IgG (anti‐HTLV‐1 IgG) in human serum using recombinant gag(14‐139)‐env‐(197‐295) hybrid protein is described. Anti‐HTLV‐1 IgG in test serum was reacted with dinitrophenyl biotinyl bovine serum albumin‐recombinant gag‐env hybrid protein conjugate. The complex formed was trapped onto polystyrene balls coated with affinity‐purified antidinitrophenyl group IgG. After washing to eliminate nonspecific IgG in the test serum, the complex was eluted from the polystyrene balls with dinitrophenyl‐L‐lysine and transferred to polystyrene balls coated with streptavidin. After washing, anti‐HTLV‐1 IgG in the complex trapped onto the streptavidin‐coated polystyrene balls was reacted with antihuman IgG γ‐chain Fab′‐peroxidase conjugate. Peroxidase activity bound to the streptavidin‐coated polystyrene balls was assayed by fluorometry. By transfer of the complex, the nonspecific binding of nonspecific human IgG was considerably reduced, and the detection limit of anti‐HTLV‐1 IgG in serum was lowered 30‐300‐fold compared with that by Western blotting, gelatin particle agglutination, and the conventional enzyme immunoassay, in which a recombinant gag‐env hybrid protein‐coated polystyrene ball was incubated with test serum and, after washing, with antihuman IgG γ‐chain Fab′‐peroxidase conjugate. Usefulness of the immune‐complex‐transfer enzyme immunoassay was demonstrated using 271 serum samples.
Angiotoxicity and atherogenicity of cholesterol oxides
Authors: Peng Shi‐Kaung , Hu Bin , Morin Robert J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCholesterol in the diet can readily autoxidize and be absorbed and transported in plasma lipoproteins. Cholesterol oxides can also be endogenously produced in tissues via free‐radical‐induced reactions. Some cholesterol oxides, notably cholestane‐3β,5α,6β‐triol and 25‐hydroxycholesterol, have been shown to cause injury to vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, to alter LDL receptor function, to enhance cholesteryl ester accumulation, to inhibit prostacyclin production, and to induce experimental atherosclerosis alone or in combination with cholesterol. An epidemiological study examining relationships between atherosclerosis and plasma levels of cholesterol oxides as independent risk factors may provide additional insights regarding the roles of cholesterol oxides in atherogenesis.
Prenatal sexing and detection of zfy gene sequences in sex chromosome disorders by polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Sasi R. , Fan Y.‐S. , Lin C. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSpecific amplification of a DNA segment of the human ZFY gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out for detection of Y‐chromosome specific sequences. When male DNA was used as template for amplification, a single and discrete 530 bp ethidium bromide staining band was observed in agarose gel. Female DNA produced no band. This technique was successfully used in prenatal sexing and for detecting ZFY DNA sequences in five XX males, an XY female, and a female patient with Turner syndrome having mosaicism involving a minute marker chromosome.
Selection criteria for liver transplant donors
Authors: Schroeder Timothy J. , Pesce Amadeo J. , Ryckman Frederick C. , Tressler Thomas P. , Brunson Matthew E. , Tchervenkov Jean I. , Penn Israel , Alexander J. Wesley , Pedersen Susan H. , Balistreri William F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAs the number of successful liver transplants has increased, the demand for donors has outpaced the supply. Approximately 25% of patients die awaiting an appropriate donor. Current criteria for assessing potential donors need to be closely examined. Fifty‐six potential donors were evaluated by our transplant team by utilizing standard liver function tests (LFT's)—SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin. Additionally, a lidocaine metabolism test was performed by giving a 1 mg/kg IV dose of lidocaine over 1 minute and measuring the accumulation of the major metabolite monoethylglycinxylidide (MEGX) at 15 minutes by fluorescent polarization immunoassay (Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL). Previous work has suggested that a MEGX <50 ng/mL is associated with initial non‐function. Thirty‐four donors were transplanted (group l) and all had initial function (all MEGX values were >50). Twenty‐two donors (39%) were judged unacceptable (group II) by our transplant team and by outside centers based upon one of the following criteria: II (A) elevated LFT's—8, II (B) donor age—5, II (C) donor instability—4, II (D) no available recipient—3, II (E) miscellaneous—2. Standard LFT's were not statistically different in the donors used and in those not used when excluding category II A. Six of seven donors excluded in group I had acceptable MEGX values indicating they may have been transplantable. Ten of 12 patients excluded in groups II B–D had normal LFT's and nine of 12 had acceptable MEGX values indicating they may have been transplantable also. In this era of organ shortage, a reevaluation of donor selection criteria utilizing new tests like MEGX may be necessary to meet the increased need.
Simple elisa method for the evaluation of soluble hla class i antigens in human serum
Authors: Comuzio Sergio , Orlandini Alessandro , Grillo Franco , Puppo Francesco , Ruzzenenti Rosaria , Brenci Sabrina , Lanza Lorella , Scudeletti Marco , Indiveri Francesco 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA simple sandwich ELISA method has been developed for the quantification of souble HLA class I antigens (s‐HLA) in human serum. The assay utilizes the monoclonal antibody Q6/64, directed to a monomorphic determinant of the HLA α‐chain, to capture the antigen and the biotinylated NAMB1 monoclonal antibody, directed to β2‐microglobulin, as the detection antibody. The extract of the LG‐2 lymphoid cell line and pooled sera from 100 healthy subjects are utilized as standards. The arbitrary value of 100 s‐HLA Relative Units/mL (RU/mL) is given to the 1:20 dilution of pooled human sera whose optical density value corresponds to the one of the extract of 1 × 106 LG‐2 cells (6.25 μg/mL protein concentration). The assay is easy to perform, specific, reproducible (intra‐and inter‐assay variations ranging from 3.2% to 8.87%), sensitive (detection limit of 6 RU/mL), and needs a small amount of serum (0.1 mL), The mean serum levels of s‐HLA found in 100 healthy normal subjects are 41.9 ± 13.4 RU/mL. The potential uses of the method are discussed.
Evaluation of four commercially available elisa assays for the serologic diagnosis of lyme disease
Authors: Christenson Vicki D. , White Diane H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe evaluated four commercially available ELISAs for detection of antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi with 21 sera from patients with clinically diagnosed Lyme disease and 89 patient control sera. Patient control sera included 28 sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 17 sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 44 sera containing antibodies reported to crossreact in some Lyme disease tests. The ELISAs tested (Cambridge Bioscience, Diamedix, 3M, and Zeus) detect antibodies (IgM and/or IgG) that bind Borrelia burgdorferi antigen attached to microtiter wells. Antibody reactivity in the sera from patients with clinically diagnosed Lyme disease was characterized by using Zeus immunoglobulin class‐specific assays (IgM and IgG). Sensitivities in early and late Lyme disease were as follows: Cambridge and Diamedix, 57% and 100%; 3M, 57% and 93%; and Zeus, 71% and 86%. Reactivities within a patient control population were: Cambridge and Diamedix, 3%; 3M, 7%; and Zeus, 10%.
Carcinoembryonic antigen gene family: Molecular biology and clinical perspectives
Authors: Thompson John A. , Grunert Fritz , Zimmermann Wolfgang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family belongs to the immunoglobulin supergene family and can be divided into two main subgroups based on sequence comparisons. In humans it is clustered on the long arm of chromosome 19 and consists of approximately 20 genes. The CEA subgroup genes code for CEA and its classical crossreacting antigens, which are mainly membrane‐bound, whereas the other subgroup genes encode the pregnancy‐specific glycoproteins (PSG), which are secreted. Splice variants of individual genes and differential post‐translational modifications of the resulting proteins, e.g., by glycosylation, indicate a high complexity in the number of putative CEA‐related molecules. So far, only a limited number of CEA‐related antigens in humans have been unequivocally assigned to a specific gene. Rodent CEA‐related genes reveal a high sequence divergence and, in part, a completely different domain organization than the human CEA gene family, making it difficult to determine individual gene counterparts. However, rodent CEA‐related genes can be assigned to human subgroups based on similarity of expression patterns, which is characteristic for the subgroups. Various functions have been determined for members of the CEA subgroup in vitro, including cell adhesion, bacterial binding, an accessory role for collagen binding or ecto‐ATPases activity. Based on all that is known so far on its biology, the clinical outlook for the CEA family has been reassessed.
Specific hla‐dqa and hla‐drb1 alleles confer susceptibility to sjögren's syndrome and autoantibody production
Authors: Fei Hong Ming , Kang Hoil , Peebles Carol , Fox Robert , Scharf Stephen , Erlich Henry 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPrimary Sjögren's syndrome (1° SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary glands and autoantibody production. In order to identify genetic factors that play a role in pathogenesis and predict extent of disease, we used Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods to detect polymorphisms of the HLA‐DRB1 (DR), HLA‐DRB3 (DRw52), and HLA‐DQA1 genes among 75 Caucasoid 1° SS patients and 150 Caucasoid controls living in the same geographic region of Southern California. We found significantly increased frequency of HLA‐DR3 (P < .001), HLA‐DW52a (P < .001), and HLA‐DQA4 (P < .05), in comparison to normal controls. Also, an increased frequency of heterozygosity for HLA‐DQA1/DQA4(P < .05) was present among 1° SS patients. Autoantibodies to SS‐A and to SS‐B were significantly associated with DR3 (P < .001), HLA‐DQA4, (P < .05), and DQA4/DQA1 heterozygotes (P < .01). Among the 1° SS patients, clinical and laboratory features such as hypergammaglobulinemia, symmetric peripheral neuropathy, and hypothyroidism were significantly associated with HLA‐DR3 (P < .01) but not with HLA‐DR2 (P > .10). In comparison, 1° SS patients with leukocytoclastic vasculitis were more frequently HLA‐DR2 (P < .05). These results using PCR methods confirm and extend prior studies that have used serologic methods.
A new sensitive microplate assay of plasma endotoxin
Authors: Tamura Hiroshi , Tanaka Shigenori , Obayashi Taminori , Yoshida Minoru , Kawai Tadashi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have developed a microplate method for determining endotoxin in platelet‐rich plasma‐using Endospecy, an endotoxinspecific chromogenic Limulus test reagent. Nonspecific activators and inhibitors of the test were eliminated by exposing samples (5μl) to the alkali reagent consisting of KOH, CaCl2, Triton X‐100, ethyleniminepolymer and N,N‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)glycine. The recoveries of various endotoxins were almost complete and not enhanced by dilution. The dose—response curve was linear over endotoxin concentrations of 2–400 pg/ml with good precision (C.V.<5.0%). Normal human plasmas (n=30) contained <5.0 pg/ml of endotoxin in reference to that of Escherichia coli 0111:B4. All plasma samples with high concentration of endotoxin by a conventional method showed high values by the microplate assay as well. Since it does not require centrifugation, the new treatment allows the whole reactions to proceed on the same microplate. This permits us to apply the Limulus test to an automated assay system, making plasma endotoxin determination simpler and more rapid than a conventional test tube method. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rhabdomyosarcoma cell line can be used for the isolation of soluble acetylcholine receptor and for assaying blocking and modulating autoantibodies
Authors: Wu James T. , Astill Mark , Lloyd Christopher , Salmon V. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe found that the Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell line expresses human acetylcholine receptor (AChR) based on the following evidences: 1. Soluble AChR can be isolated from RD cells following the isolation procedure for AChR from human muscle; 2. Intact RD cells bind to alpha‐bungarotoxin (αButx) in a time‐dependent and saturable fashion. The apparent dissociation constant (5.3 × 10−10 M) is very similar to that reported for TE671 cells, which is known to express AChR; 3. Like fresh muscle culture, RD cells not only bind but also internalize 125l‐αButx.Soluble AChR from RD cells can be labeled specifically with 125l‐αButx and then used to quantify binding autoantibodies in myasthenic patients. We also demonstrate that blocking antibodies can be detected in sera from patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) using RD cells and the ability of RD cells to internalize αButx. Consequently, RD cells can be used as a reliable source for obtaining soluble AChR and as a replacement for rodent or human muscle cultures in measuring blocking and modulating antibodies. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.