bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Load Water Recovery Technique Improves Stimulation Results in the Appalachian Area
Authors: Penny G. S. , Thomas B. D. , Soliman M. Y. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The roles of capillary pressure, wettability and relative permeability in controlling load water recovery following hydraulic fracturing treatments have been examined. It has been found in laboratory studies that the judicious alteration of wettability to control capillary pressure and/or relative permeability can promote a rapid thorough cleanup of injected water. Field applications of these concepts in Appalachia have resulted in enhanced load water recoveries and higher production.
A Case Study of Ultralightweight Cementing Practices in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Edmondson T. D. , Benge O. G. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Wells in the northeastern United States are generally drilled to a depth of from 3,000 to 6,000 ft. They are usually air drilled through several incompetent formations among which are the Marcellus and Coffee shales. Completions in this area are hampered by very low fracture gradients of 0.4 to 0.6 psi/ft, with most of the formations containing a large number of natural fractures. During cementing, pressures in excess of 1,100-psi hydrostatic can result in breakdown of the formation leading to incomplete fill up on the cement job.
This paper will discuss the existing completion practices in this area, which include the use of multistage cementing, and the incorporation of cementing baskets and other downhole tools. The current cement systems in use and the problems encountered in using them will also be discussed.
Several case histories of new cementing techniques, using ultralightweight foam-cementing systems, will be presented along with the job design used on these wells.
Bond logging of the foam-cemented wells creates an array of special problems for the logging companies, due to the ultra-low densities and the high porosities of these special cementing systems. Newly developed techniques for logging these wells will be discussed, along with the bond logs from the case histories.
Iron Control in the Appalachian Basin
Authors: Dill W. R. , Fredette George 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The Appalachian Basin presents one of the most challenging production and stimulation problems because of the iron content of its hydrocarbon producing formations.
A variety of iron compounds in the producing formations present problems that have to be considered to effectively stimulate these formations. These iron compounds present three major problems: Relatively insoluble iron compounds that may be released by acidizing fluids and have a plugging effect when they migrate;Acid soluble iron compounds that may reprecipitate when the acid spends; andAerated fracturing fluids being incompatible with formation waters that contain ferrous iron.
A research program was initiated in the later part of 1980 to determine methods of more effectively controlling the iron problems in the Appalachian Basin. Results of this study provide data for comparing the effectiveness of various iron control systems that are used in acid stimulation or breakdown techniques that minimize the release of acid insoluble solids and stabilizes them to decrease the detrimental effect caused by fines migration. Also developed in this study was an iron control system that helps the compatibility of the treating fluid with ferrous iron in the formation water.
Flow test data and field results indicate the effectiveness of these iron control systems and treating techniques.
Early Production from Some Devonian Shale Gas Wells Stimulated with Several Kinds of Explosive Charge
Authors: Coursen D. L. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Early cumulative production from Devonian Shale gas wells stimulated with a high energy water gel explosive averaged 2 times that from nearby wells stimulated with dynamite. From an estimate of production loss due to well damage done by post-shot drilling in the shot zone, it is concluded that production from the wells stimulated with water gel would have averaged 5 times that from dynamite stimulations if no such drilling had been done.
A Dynamic Systems Analysis of the "Rocket-Type" Launching of a Well-Casing Tubing String
Authors: McLauchlan R. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A dynamic systems analysis has been made of the problem of the "rocket-type" launching of a well-casing, tubing string from a well at a hole depth of 3300 ft. The objective of this analysis has been to assess whether the observed "rocket-type" launching (15+ feet into the air) of the tubing string could have been caused by nozzle-breakthrough or tubing failure at the SRC No. 1 in Eddy County, New Mexico. The analysis considers tubing weight, fluid buoyancy, external fluid drag and fluid thrust forces on the tubing string. The tubing string and the fluid columns in the moving string and the annular region external to the tubing string are considered as a coupled dynamic system. Here the condition for motion of the tubing string is included using a one-sided inequality constraint for the resultant force on it. The dynamic system analysis has been implemented in a FORTRAN IV analytical/computer program called TUBERKET. TUBERKET allows the calculation and plotting of the four system state variables—distance traveled by and velocity of the tubing string, liquid heights in tubing string and in the annular region exterior to the tubing string (xT,vT,hT,hA, respectively)—as functions of time. Several situations of interest are considered relevant the dynamic behavior of and hence implied failure mode for the tubing string. Summary plots show typical dynamic behavior as a function of internal shut-in pressure and tubing nozzle diameter. These results indicate that for a specified shut-in pressure of 1200 psig, failure occurred in the tubing per se (at a depth of 1500 to 3300 ft) as opposed to breakthrough at the bottom nozzle opening in order to provide the "rocket-type" launching behavior of the tubing string which was observed.
A Multilog-Evaluation Package using Linear Programming Techniques to Evaluate Porosity and Lithology in Hydrocarbon Bearing Complex Lithologies
Authors: van Ditzhuijzen P. J. D. , Masson D. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A multilog-evaluation package using linear programming techniques has been developed to evaluate porosity and lithology in hydrocarbon bearing, complex lithologies. Conventional log evaluation techniques, using crossplots or iterative analytical solutions derived from two porosity logs, tend to give unsatisfactory results in hydrocarbon bearing, complex lithologies.
Linear log-response equations can be defined for several logs including the neutron and sonic logs, lithodensity log, (micro-) resistivity log and natural gamma ray spectroscopy log. By introducing an error term in the log-response equations, the linear programming technique calculates porosity, hydrocarbon saturation in the invaded zone and mineral fractions. This is accomplished by minimizing the sum of the error terms. The linear programming technique has no limitations for the number of logs used and the number of variables calculated. However, if the number of variables is significantly greater than the number of logs used, the solution calculated may not be unique and the results must be treated with caution.
The method has been successfully applied to evaluate porosity and lithology in the Central Luconia gasbearing carbonates offshore Sarawak, East Malaysia. These carbonates consist of limestones and dolomites with porosities ranging from 0 to 40 percent. The porosity and mineral fractions calculated agree very closely with core data and sidewall sample information.
Distributed Control Systems for Offshore Applications
Authors: Williams W. J. , Lyle D. K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Outside of the present economic situation with worldwide petroleum consumption, it is realistic to state one fundamental objective of the oil exploration and production business:
"Continue development of offshore production facilities in key reserve areas for the long-range worldwide demand for petroleum related products."
From the United States perspective, this goal is substantiated by the estimate that 50% of all U S oil company investments will be in the South East Asia region, with emphasis on offshore opportunities.
Geological Studies as a Risk-Reducing Factor in Exploration Ventures
Authors: Wiroyudo Gatot K. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
During 1981 and 1982, 473 new exploration wells had been drilled and 10 thousand kilometers of seismic lines had been recorded in the Indonesian Basins. New geologic syntheses were put forward. Some of them have led to a number of new discoveries. These activities were backed-up during the last 15 years by capital support with cumulative expenditures amounting close to half a billion US dollars. Despite that, more investments will still be required for further development, and more and bigger future exploration costs will have to be spent. Such massive capital investments apparently need careful handling from both the host country and the investors, in the face of current economic situation and especially in the face of geological risks involved. It is therefore desirable, that decisions involving future investments could be eased as much as possible from the risks they have to carry.
Being a host country, Indonesia accommodates external financial support, and intends to maintain a healthy investment "climate" appropriate for foreign investments. During the last 15 years of its life, the Indonesian petroleum industry offers various incentives, intended to meet investment demands for less and less risk on returns. Yet another new risk-reducing device is still being introduced, mainly to deal with geological uncertainties inherent with exploration decisions.
The approach has been designed to encourage a wide range of possibilities, from limited studies of generai ievei pertaining to geology, economicss and engineering up to in-depth study of specialized nature such as petroleum geochemistry, source rock study, etc.
Since decision common to exploration ventures implies basinal geology, such study could be extended into a joint study on basinal level. These joint efforts thus visualized may be appropriate in reducing investment risks in the basin, and therefore could also be regarded as an investment incentive.
Facilities Planning for the Semangkok Field – Offshore Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Wan C C , Soong J L 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper deals with facilities planning for Esso Production Malaysia Inc's (EPMI's) Semangkok oil field and is supplementary to the Semangkok Field Development Planning paper presented at this conference. The original plan was to develop the field with three platforms but further studies indicated that two platforms would reach all reserves utilizing higher angle wells. The production facilities include a manned central processing platform, Semangkok A, with gas re-injection facilities and an unmanned satellite platform, Semangkok B. Remote operation of the unmanned satellite platform is accomplished by a telemetry system operated from the central platform. Crude production is pumped to the onshore Trengganu Crude Oil Terminal (TCOT) via a pumping platform. Development planning had to consider the high CO2 content of Semangkok gas which required careful selection of materials in the facilities design.
Geotechnical Hazards Associated with Leg Penetration of Jack-Up Rigs
Authors: Kee Roger 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In recent years there has been a large increase in offshore oil and gas exploration activities. A large proportion of the work is being performed with jack-up drilling rigs.
Jack-up rigs basically are of 2 types, depending on their foundation: Mat-supported orIndividual footings (spud cans).
Mat supported rigs have a large foundation bearing area and therefore impose relatively low bearing pressures on the seabed resulting in limited penetration. Mats are usually A-shaped and are suitable for use when the seabed comprises very soft clay soils. However, mat supported rigs require that the seabed is fairly level and their stability is sensitive to factors such as subsoil variability, cyclic and eccentric load effects, lateral sliding resistance and seabed instability. Rigs supported on individual footings are more numerous and much more widely used in South East Asia and this paper presents aspects of geotechnical hazards that may be encountered when their legs penetrate into the seabed.
The Design and Construction of Stabilization and Protection Works of Offshore Structures Placed on the Seabed
Authors: Groothuizen Albert G M , Lubbers A 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper discusses several subjects with respect to the burial of pipelines and transmission lines in particular and the design and construction of bottom and scour protections for offshore structures in general.
Possible incidents with pipeline and cables during installation, burying, testing and operation are discussed as well as the environmental impact of these incidents and of burial operations. Alternative methods of protection cq. stabilization of pipelines, cables and offshore structures, using specially designed stone-dumping vessels and mattress-sinking techniques are presented.
Single and Dual Lift Analyses of Offshore Structures
Authors: Sekita Kinji , Kimura Hideo 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
At offshore job sites today, decks are lifted onto jacket structures in relatively large, heavy sections. Since lifting operations are greatly affected by the motions of the derrick barge or the crane ship, it is necessary to evaluate the sling system in consideration of vessel motions in order to regulate lifting operations at the job site.
This paper proposes a static analysis method for designing sling systems and describes the application of this method to dual-lift operations carried out by two derrick crane barges in Southeast Asian waters.
This paper also presents the methods of analyzing the motions of a hoisted load caused by wave-induced vessel motions and resulting dynamic sling tensions in single- and dual-lift operations.
Single-lift, unified analysis -- a method that considers the interaction between the barge and the hoisted load -- is discussed, and calculated results are compared with 1/75-scale model test results to clarify the conditions necessary for unified analysis. Finally, the results of transient motion analysis for a barge crawling while lifting a load are compared with model test results.
Simple Subsea Completions
Authors: Crossland Richard 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper addresses the basic configuration of simple subsea completions.
In an attempt to present an overview of the options open to an operator, examples are taken from various systems which have been designed and/or installed. Features from more advanced designs have become available to upgrade the state of the art in this field.
It should be emphasised that like land and platform wellheads and trees, a vast array of options and customised designs are available to meet particular requirements in this environment, and it is difficult to propose a standard completion.
To encble a concise view of a subsea completion oil major areas have been touched, from the drilling equipment required, the interface equipment and finally the tree and control systems typically available.
Use of Preformed Stable Foam in Low Pressure Reservoir Wells
Authors: Anderson Glenn W 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Preformed stable foam is a proven process that has an extensive successful track record. This paper emphasizes its use in several applications in low pressure reservoirs, such as: Sand cleanout, recompletion, new completions, and concentric tubing work.
New applications for stable foam; namely, gravel packing and balanced-pressure coring for insitu formation saturation, are discussed.
The use and importance of a foam circulation computer model is illustrated. This model has proven to be extremely accurate and valuable as a planning tool in establishing the liquid/volume ratio and annular back pressure requirements for balanced pressure operations.
Case histories and survey results are presented to illustrate the cost savings and production benefits of foam circulation.
Evolution Of The Tanker-Based Floating Production, Storage And Offloading Concept
Authors: Klein Pieter J. , Smulders Louis H. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Stationary offshore terminal facilities utilizing former trading tankers were employed by the oil industry as early as fifteen years ago.
Initially, a tanker was simply connected to a single point mooring (CALM) by conventional hawsers where it served as a combination buffer storage vessel and mooring platform for shuttle tankers. Operational restrictions survival characteristics and high operating costs stimulated the development of the single buoy storage (SBS) and single anchor leg storage (SALS) systems employing rigid arms for permanently mooring the vessel to the SPM.
The first terminal of this type became operational in 1973 and it along with half a dozen similar terminals has served efficiently for many years.
In August 1977, a further step in the evolutionary process was taken with the startup of a tanker-based, rigid-arm-moored (SALS) floating production Facility. This system incorporates conventional separation equipment on the vessel for producing from a single subsea-completed well. A second similar facility also producing from a single well was installed in 1980.
Recognizing the need for testing and producing independently from two or more wells and injecting into wells, a program was instigated in 1978 to develop a high pressure, multiple flow path swivel to conduct fluids between the weathervaning vessel and the non-rotating buoy or riser. In August 1981, a facility went into operation using this new high-pressure, multiple flow path swivel producing from the subsea-completed wells in the Philippines. Philippines. More recently, a floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) facility that can accommodate up to eight wells became operational in November, 1982.
The latter system, incorporating a 210 000 dwt vessel permanently moored in 140 metres, accommodated five production wells and three water injection wells by means of highly engineered riser, swiveling and manifolding techniques.
In the present paper, the author describes in detail four existing tanker-based floating production systems and traces their evolutionary development through stages of increasing capacities and complexity.
Also described is the progress made in perfecting vessel mooring and fluid transfer technologies which were critical pacing factors enabling realization of the tanker-based floating production concept.
p. 11–1 p. 11–1
Design And Construction Examples Of Loading Terminals And Floating Production Systems
Authors: Koenig D. , Klante H. , Engelskirchen J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper deals with two designs:–an articulated loading tower for the North Sea and;–a similar to the CALM type single buoy production and storage system for optimum application in South East Asian waters;and additionally with–the construction, assembly and inshore erection of the single pointmoored articulated loading tower for the STATFJORD 'B' field in the North Sea.
Areas of technical and/or economic interest are depicted and discussed in more detail.

Introduction
Offshore loading terminals and floating production platforms are commonly well-known, are used worldwide because of a variety of reasons, and play their role also in future developments.
This paper deals mainly with three examples, two designs and one construction work, based on experience and expertise of and depicted out of a number of development, design, engineering, construction and erection projects like: projects like: - single point mooring buoys;–articulated loading towers;–floating LNG systems inclusive LNG loading units and components;–tension leg platforms (Figures 1 and 2);–semi-submersible production platforms;–mooring systems.
Of course, this paper can only highlight some aspects, which are contributing to the economics of such systems.
p. 11–83 p. 11–83
Conoco's New Approach to Drill Site Construction in Difficult, Remote, Swamp and Jungle Terrain Irian Jaya, Indonesia
Authors: Rodriguez Fernando H. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In October 1982, Conoco Irian Jaya as operator: and partners: Pertamina, Inpex Bintuni Limited, and Moeco Irian Jaya Company, mobilized construction equipment from Singapore to the KBS "A" contract area in Irian Jaya, Indonesia for the purpose of constructing a base camp and drill three exploratory sites.
What made this construction effort different from others previously used in Irian Jaya; was that it incorporated several new and unique features, namely: A turnkey approach to construction; that is Conoco providing complete set of specifications and conditions with contractor assuming risks for a lump sum payment.Special equipment designed by contractor for Irian Jaya operations.An incentive to соmpensate or penalize contractor for helicopter hours flown below or above a predetermined number.Structural steel pile platform designs for two swamp locations (Ayot and Aum), as opposed to the more conventional corduroy timber log-plank arrangement.Drilling rig pads designed for specific heli-rig with limited extra space.
All work was successfully completed within the time frame stipulated in the contract, that is five months from the time the contractor was notified to begin mobilization of equipment, materials and personnel.
Total Analysis Computer for a Semi-Submersible Offshore Unit
Authors: Katayama Susumu , Morishita Sumitada , Ogawa Yasuko 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
An application of a computer system is investigated for the purpose of the assistance in the operation of a semi-submersible drilling unit.
A conceptional design of application softwares and a configuration of hardwares are studied.
The required major functions, flow chart, input data and output data are presented for each program.
The system seems effective for the calculations of loading, stability, mooring and riser analysis.
Offshore Pipeline Cathodic Protection Retrofit Project
Authors: Robb G. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The retrofit of cathodic protection facilities to two offshore pipelines is described. The reasons for the premature failure of the initial system, and for the selection of the retrofit method are discussed. The design of the retrofit facilities, comprising sleds bearing 1.8 tonnes of aluminium alloy, is described, and results of pre and post-installation potential surveys compared. A number of conclusions for future retrofit operations are drawn.