bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting long‐term sickness absence from sleep and fatigue
Authors: AKERSTEDT TORBJORN , KECKLUND GORAN , ALFREDSSON LARS , SELEN JAN 
Published: November 2007

SummaryDisturbed or shortened sleep is prospectively related to disease. One might also expect that sickness absence would be another consequence but very little data seem to exist. The present study used 8300 individuals in a national sample to obtain information on reports of disturbed sleep and fatigue 1 year and merged this with data on long‐term sickness absence 2 years later. A logistic regression analysis was applied to the data with adjustments for demographic and work environment variables. The results showed that individuals without registered sickness absence at the start had a higher probability of entering a period of long‐term (≥90 days, odds ratio [OR] = 1.24 with 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–1.51) sickness absence 2 years later if they reported disturbed sleep at the start. The figure for fatigue was OR = 1.35 (CI = 1.14–1.60). When fatigue or disturbed sleep was separately excluded the OR increased to OR = 1.44 and OR = 1.47, respectively. Intermediate sickness absence (14–89 days) showed similar but slightly weaker results. The results indicate that disturbed sleep and fatigue are predictors of long‐term absence and it is suggested that impaired sleep may be part of a chain of causation, considering its effects on fatigue.
The trait of Introversion–Extraversion predicts vulnerability to sleep deprivation
Authors: KILLGORE WILLIAM D. S. , RICHARDS JESSICA M. , KILLGORE DESIREE B. , KAMIMORI GARY H. , BALKIN THOMAS J. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryAccording to Eysenck’s theory of Introversion–Extroversion (I–E), introverts demonstrate higher levels of basal activity within the reticular‐thalamic‐cortical loop, yielding higher tonic cortical arousal than Extraverts, who are described conversely as chronically under‐aroused and easily bored. We hypothesized that higher scores on the trait of Extraversion would be associated with greater declines in psychomotor vigilance performance during prolonged wakefulness. We evaluated the relationship between I–E and overnight psychomotor vigilance performance during 77 h of continuous sleep deprivation in a sample of 23 healthy adult military personnel (19 men; four women), ranging in age from 20 to 35 years. At baseline, volunteers completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI‐R) and completed psychomotor vigilance testing at approximately 10‐min intervals from 00:15 to 08:50 hours over three nights of continuous sleep deprivation. In addition, 12 participants received four repeated administrations of caffeine (200 mg) every 2 h each night. Analysis of covariance and stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that, above and beyond the effects of caffeine, higher Extraversion was significantly related to more extensive declines in speed of responding and more frequent attentional lapses, but only for the first overnight testing session. Sub‐factors of Extraversion, including Gregariousness and higher Activity level were most predictive of these changes following sleep loss. These findings are consistent with Eysenck’s cortico‐reticular activation theory of I–E and suggest that individual differences in the trait of Extraversion confer some vulnerability/resistance to the adverse effects of sleep loss on attention and vigilance.
Long‐term effects of mandibular repositioning appliances on symptoms of sleep apnoea
Authors: MARKLUND MARIE , FRANKLIN KARL A. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryMandibular repositioning appliances (MRAs) reduce symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea in the short term, but the long‐term effects are unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the long‐term symptomatic effects of custom‐made MRAs and to identify the patients who will experience subjective benefits from treatment. A cohort of 260 consecutive patients treated with appliances for non‐apnoeic snoring or sleep apnoea was followed up by a questionnaire and examination after an average of 5.4 years. The subjective effect was defined as good when complaints of daytime sleepiness occurred less than once a week. A total of 185 patients (71%) responded to the questionnaires. Of the respondents, 96 reported frequent use, 33 reported infrequent use, 26 reported discontinued treatment and 30 reported modified treatment. Mild cases (apnoea–hypopnoea index [AHI] < 15) were likelier than more severe cases to continue treatment. Patients who had used MRAs reported fewer complaints of sleepiness, headaches and daytime naps. Frequent use (P = 0.001), few night‐time awakenings before start of treatment (P = 0.02) and effective apnoea reduction during treatment of more severe cases (P = 0.02) correlated with a good subjective effect at long‐term follow‐up. Our conclusion is that custom‐made MRAs reduce sleep apnoea symptoms in the long term. The mildest cases will experience the greatest long‐term benefit. The reason is that non‐apnoeic snorers and patients with a mild disease are more likely to continue treatment and that their long‐term results with regard to excessive sleepiness are similar to patients with a more severe disease.
Staying out in the cold: glacial refugia and mitochondrial DNA phylogeography in ancient European brown bears
Authors: VALDIOSERA CRISTINA E. , GARCÍA NURIA , ANDERUNG CECILIA , DALÉN LOVE , CRÉGUT‐BONNOURE EVELYNE , KAHLKE RALF‐DIETRICH , STILLER MATHIAS , BRANDSTRÖM MIKAEL , THOMAS MARK G. , ARSUAGA JUAN LUIS , GÖTHERSTRÖM ANDERS , BARNES IAN 
Published: November 2007

AbstractModels for the development of species distribution in Europe typically invoke restriction in three temperate Mediterranean refugia during glaciations, from where recolonization of central and northern Europe occurred. The brown bear, Ursus arctos, is one of the taxa from which this model is derived. Sequence data generated from brown bear fossils show a complex phylogeographical history for western European populations. Long‐term isolation in separate refugia is not required to explain our data when considering the palaeontological distribution of brown bears. We propose continuous gene flow across southern Europe, from which brown bear populations expanded after the last glaciation.
Population genetics of a marine bivalve,Pinctada maxima, throughout the Indo‐Australian Archipelago shows differentiation and decreased diversity at range limits
Authors: LIND CURTIS E. , EVANS BRAD S. , TAYLOR JOSEPH J. U. , JERRY DEAN R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntraspecific genetic diversity governs the potential of species to prevail in the face of environmental or ecological challenges; therefore, its protection is critical. The Indo‐Australian Archipelago (IAA) is a significant reservoir of the world's marine biodiversity and a region of high conservation priority. Yet, despite indications that the IAA may harbour greater intraspecific variation, multiple‐locus genetic diversity data are limited. We investigated microsatellite DNA variation inPinctada maximapopulations from the IAA to elucidate potential factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in the region. Results indicate that genetic diversity decreases as the geographical distance away from central Indonesia increases, and that populations located towards the centre ofP. maxima's range are more genetically diverse than those located peripherally (P < 0.01). Significant partitioning of genetic variation was identified (FST = 0.027;RST = 0.023,P < 0.001) and indicates that historical biogeographical episodes or oceanographic factors have shaped present population genetic structure. We propose that the genetic diversity peak inP. maximapopulations may be due to (i) an abundance of suitable habitat within the IAA, meaning larger, more temporally stable populations can be maintained and are less likely to encounter genetic bottlenecks; and/or (ii) the close proximity of biogeographical barriers around central Indonesia results in increased genetic diversity in the region because of admixture of genetically divergent populations. We encourage further genetic diversity studies of IAA marine biota to confirm whether this region has a significant role in maintaining intraspecific diversity, which will greatly assist the planning and efficacy of future conservation efforts.
The XMM-LSS survey: the Class 1 cluster sample over the initial 5 deg2 and its cosmological modelling
Authors: Pacaud F. , Pierre M. , Adami C. , Altieri B. , Andreon S. , Chiappetti L. , Detal A. , Duc P.-A. , Galaz G. , Gueguen A. , Le Fèvre J.-P. , Hertling G. , Libbrecht C. , Melin J.-B. , Ponman T. J. , Quintana H. , Refregier A. , Sprimont P.-G. , Surdej J. , Valtchanov I. , Willis J. P. , Alloin D. , Birkinshaw M. , Bremer M. N. , Garcet O. , Jean C. , Jones L. R. , Le Fèvre O. , Maccagni D. , Mazure A. , Proust D. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Trinchieri G. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
We present a sample of 29 galaxy clusters from the XMM-LSS survey over an area of some 5 deg2 out to a redshift of z= 1.05. The sample clusters, which represent about half of the X-ray clusters identified in the region, follow well-defined X-ray selection criteria and are all spectroscopically confirmed. For all clusters, we provide X-ray luminosities and temperatures as well as masses, obtained from dedicated spatial and spectral fitting. The cluster distribution peaks around z= 0.3 and T= 1.5 keV, half of the objects being groups with a temperature below 2 keV. Our LX–T(z) relation points towards self-similar evolution, but does not exclude other physically plausible models. Assuming that cluster scaling laws follow self-similar evolution, our number density estimates up to z= 1 are compatible with the predictions of the concordance cosmology and with the findings of previous ROSAT surveys. Our well-monitored selection function allowed us to demonstrate that the inclusion of selection effects is essential for the correct determination of the evolution of the LX–T relation, which may explain the contradictory results from previous studies. Extensive simulations show that extending the survey area to 10 deg2 has the potential to exclude the non-evolution hypothesis, but those constraints on more refined intracluster medium models will probably be limited by the large intrinsic dispersion of the LX–T relation, whatever be the sample size. We further demonstrate that increasing the dispersion in the scaling laws increases the number of detectable clusters, hence generating further degeneracy [in addition to σ8, Ωm, LX–T(z)] in the cosmological interpretation of the cluster number counts. We provide useful empirical formulae for the cluster mass–flux and mass–count rate relations as well as a comparison between the XMM-LSS mass sensitivity and that of forthcoming Sunyaev–Zel'dovich surveys.
The dynamics of turbulent, transitional and laminar clay‐laden flow over a fixed current ripple
Authors: BAAS JACO H. , BEST JAMES L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMost aqueous sedimentary environments contain varying concentrations of fine‐grained, often clay‐rich, sediment that is transported in suspension and may modify the properties of the flow and underlying mobile bed. This paper presents results from a series of laboratory experiments examining the mean and turbulent properties of clay‐laden (kaolinite) flows, of various volumetric sediment concentrations between 0·046% and 12·7%, moving over a fixed, idealized current ripple.As the kaolinite concentration was raised, with flow velocity and depth constant, four flow types were observed to occur: (i) turbulent flow, in which flow separation is dominant in the leeside of the ripple; (ii) turbulence‐enhanced transitional flow, in which turbulence in the leeside separation zone region is enhanced; (iii) turbulence‐attenuated transitional flow, in which turbulence along the separation zone shear layer and in the free flow above it becomes damped, eventually leading to a reduction in the size of the separation zone wake region; and (iv) laminar plug flow, in which turbulence is damped and flow is almost stagnant in the lee of the ripple. Such modulation of turbulence by increasing clay concentrations suggests that many paradigms of flow and bedform dynamics, which have been based on extensive past work in clear water flows, require revision. The present results highlight a need to fully characterize the boundary conditions for turbulence modulation as a function of clay type and applied flow conditions, and the effects of such flows on fully mobile cohesionless beds.
Bacterial‐ and plant‐type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase polypeptides interact in the hetero‐oligomeric Class‐2 PEPC complex of developing castor oil seeds
Authors: Gennidakis Sam , Rao Srinath , Greenham Katie , Uhrig R. Glen , O’Leary Brendan , Snedden Wayne A. , Lu Chaofu , Plaxton William C. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryTwo classes of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) sharing the same 107‐kDa catalytic subunit (p107) were previously purified from developing castor oil seed (COS) endosperm. The association of p107 with an immunologically unrelated 64‐kDa polypeptide (p64) causes pronounced physical and kinetic differences between the Class‐1 PEPC p107 homotetramer and Class‐2 PEPC p107/p64 hetero‐octamer. Tryptic peptide sequencing matched p64 to the deduced C‐terminal half of several bacterial‐type PEPCs (BTPCs) of vascular plants. Immunoblots probed with anti‐(COS p64 peptide or p107)‐IgG established that: (i) BTPC exists in vivo as an approximately 118‐kDa polypeptide (p118) that is rapidly truncated to p64 by an endogenous cysteine endopeptidase during incubation of COS extracts on ice, and (ii) mature and germinated COS contain Class‐1 PEPC and p107, but no detectable Class‐2 PEPC nor p118. Non‐denaturing PAGE, in‐gel PEPC activity staining and immunoblotting of developing COS extracts demonstrated that p118 and p107 are subunits of the non‐proteolysed approximately 910‐kDa Class‐2 PEPC complex. As total PEPC activity of clarified COS extracts was unaffected following p118 truncation to p64, the BTPC p118 may function as a regulatory rather than catalytic subunit of the Class‐2 PEPC. Moreover, recombinant AtPPC3 and AtPPC4 (Arabidopsis orthologs of COS p107 and p118) expressed as active and inactive PEPCs, respectively. Cloning of cDNAs encoding p118 (RcPpc4) and p107 (RcPpc3) confirmed their respective designation as bacterial‐ and plant‐type PEPCs. Levels of RcPpc3 and RcPpc4 transcripts generally mirrored the respective amounts of p107 and p118. The collective findings provide insights into the molecular features and functional significance of vascular plant BTPCs.
Floral odour and reproductive isolation in two species of Silene
Authors: WAELTI M. O. , MUHLEMANN J. K. , WIDMER A. , SCHIESTL F. P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMechanisms preventing interspecific pollination are important in closely related plant species, in particular when post‐zygotic barriers are weak or absent. We investigated the role of floral odour in reproductive isolation between the two closely related species Silene latifolia and S. dioica. First, we tested whether floral odour composition and emission differed between the species. We found significant odour differences, but contrary to expectations, both species showed a rhythmic emission of the same compounds between day and night. Second, in a field experiment, odour of the two species was made more similar by applying phenylacetaldehyde to flowers. This manipulation led to higher pollen‐analogue transfer between species, revealing that floral odour differences are important for maintaining reproductive isolation. We conclude that differences in single key compounds can reduce pollen transfer across species boundaries by pollinators and demonstrate that odour differences are an important component of premating floral isolation between closely related plant species.
Effect of aerial insecticide spraying on pine wilt disease in central Japan
Authors: Ugawa S. , Fukuda K. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryTo clarify the effect of aerial insecticide spraying on pine wilt disease, pine wilt disease impacts was surveyed in pine stands and the damage evaluated using a logistic model. Eleven quadrats were established randomly in stands with or without aerial spraying. Aerial spraying alone did not entirely prevent the disease. Average annual mortality was lower in stands with aerial spraying than in stands without aerial spraying. Aerial spraying slowed the progress of pine wilt disease, as measured by the disease progress index. The biomass of live pine trees decreased with increased damage in stands without aerial spraying, whereas biomass was maintained in stands with aerial spraying. However, the relative basal area showed that succession of pine forests to forests dominated by other species was accelerated even in stands with aerial insecticide spraying.
Marker‐assisted increase of genetic diversity in a double‐low seed quality winter oilseed rape genetic background
Authors: Basunanda P. , Spiller T. H. , Hasan M. , Gehringer A. , Schondelmaier J. , Lühs W. , Friedt W. , Snowdon R. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractGeneration of novel genetic diversity for maximization of heterosis in hybrid production is a significant goal in winter oilseed rape breeding. Here, we demonstrate that doubled haploid (DH) production using microspore cultivation can simultaneously introgress favourable alleles for double‐low seed quality (low erucic acid and low‐glucosinolate content) into a genetically diverse Brassica napus genetic background. The DH lines were derived from a cross between a double‐low quality winter rapeseed variety and a genetically diverse semisynthetic B. napus line with high erucic acid and high glucosinolates (++ quality). Twenty‐three low‐glucosinolate lines were identified with a genome component of 50–67% derived from the ++ parent. Four of these lines, with a genome component of 50–55% derived from the ++ parent, also contained low erucic acid. Heterosis for seed yield was confirmed in test‐crosses using these genetically diverse lines as pollinator. The results demonstrate the potential of marker‐assisted identification of novel genetic pools for breeding of double‐low quality winter oilseed rape hybrids.
A new source of resistance against coffee leaf rust from New‐Caledonian natural interspecific hybrids between Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora
Authors: Mahé L. , Várzea V. M. P. , Le Pierrès D. , Combes M.‐C. , Lashermes P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe development of cultivars resistant to coffee leaf rust caused by the fungal pathogen Hemileia vastatrix is a priority in coffee breeding. However, only very few descendants of interspecific hybrids between Coffea arabica and diploid relative species have been used as resistance source. Identification of new sources of resistance appeared therefore particularly worthwhile. Hybrid plants derived from interspecific hybridization between C. arabica and Coffea canephora and found in neo‐natural coffee tree populations of New Caledonia were therefore investigated. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism and microsatellites amplification were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 14 hybrid plants, and rust resistance was evaluated by inoculation with a panel of rust races representing a large variability in virulence. An important genetic diversity was characterized in hybrid plants originating from introgressions into C. arabica from various C. canephora progenitors. On the 14 plants tested for leaf rust resistance, eight appeared resistant to all races investigated. Such plant material should represent a highly valuable resource for C. arabica breeding against coffee leaf rust.
Prognostic factors of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage in haemodialysis patients and predictors of 30‐day mortality
Authors: Huang B.‐R. , Liao C.‐C. , Huang W.‐H. , Hsu Y.‐H. , Hsu J.‐C. , Yen H.‐C. , Lin C.‐L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground:  The prognostic factors of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in haemodialysis (HD) patients are not fully clear and there is no standard clinical grading scale to predict 30‐day mortality. Our aim was to develop such a scale.Methods:  Records of all HD patients with spontaneous ICH presenting to Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan during 1994–2004 were reviewed. The study design was a retrospective analysis of data collected from one hospital. Prognostic factors were identified by Student’s t‐test and χ2‐test. Independent predictors of 30‐day mortality were determined by the logistic regression method. An outcome score based on a combination of these predictors was developed with weighting of independent predictors based on strength of association.Results:  The overall 30‐day mortality rate was 67.3%. Prognostic factors independently associated with mortality were the Glasgow Coma Scale score (P < 0.001), age ≥70 years (P = 0.032), systolic blood pressure <130 mmHg or ≥200 mmHg (P = 0.016), ICH volume ≥30 mL (P = 0.012), presence of intraventricular haemorrhage (P = 0.004) and serum glucose ≥8.8 mmol/L (P = 0.023). The score was the sum of individual points assigned as follows: Glasgow Coma Scale score 12–15 (0 points), 9–11 (1), 3–8 (4); age <70 years, yes (0), no (2); and systolic blood pressure 130–199 mmHg, yes (0), no (1). The 30‐day mortality rate increased steadily with score (P < 0.001).Conclusion:  The outcome score is a simple clinical grading scale that allows risk stratification of HD patients presenting with ICH. This scale could be used to design treatment protocols and clinical research studies of ICH in HD patients.
Evolution in ecological field experiments: implications for effect size
Authors: Strauss Sharon Y. , Lau Jennifer A. , Schoener Thomas W. , Tiffin Peter 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRapid evolution in response to strong selection, much of which is human‐induced, has been indisputably documented. In this perspective, we suggest that adaptation may influence the effect size of treatments in ecological field experiments and alter our predictions of future dynamics in ecological systems. Field experiments often impose very strong and consistent selection over multiple generations. Focal populations may adapt to these treatments and, in the process, increase or decrease the magnitude of the treatment effect through time. We argue that how effect size changes through time will depend on the evolutionary history of the experimental population, the type of experimental manipulation, and the traits involved in adaptive responses. While no field study has conclusively demonstrated evolution in response to treatments with concomitant changes in ecological effect size, we present several examples that provide strong circumstantial evidence that such effects occur. We conclude with a consideration of the differences between plastic and genetic responses to treatments and discuss future research directions linking adaptation to ecological effect size.