bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching for a developmental typology of personality and its relations to antisocial behaviour: a longitudinal study of an adjudicated men sample
Authors: Morizot Julien , Blanc Marc Le 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe search for an empirically based personality typology has regained the interest of researchers. To date, however, empirical inquiries have mainly been cross‐sectional. In this study, an empirically based developmental typology of personality was identified using data from a prospective longitudinal study of a sample of men adjudicated during their adolescence and assessed on four occasions until midlife. Cluster analyses were performed on measures of disinhibition, negative emotionality, and extraversion. Four developmental types of personality were identified. The first was characterized by average scores in the three traits in adolescence that decreased linearly until midlife (39%). The second type displayed very high scores in disinhibition and negative emotionality in adolescence that decreased rapidly during early adulthood (24%). The third type was characterized by very high scores in disinhibition and negative emotionality that remained stable until midlife, while extraversion was average during adolescence and then decreased rapidly until midlife (17%). The fourth type was characterized by high scores in disinhibition and negative emotionality in adolescence that was followed by cycles of decreases and increases until midlife (20%). These four developmental types of personality seemed to be related to known antisocial behaviour trajectories. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Severe personality disorder emerging in childhood: a proposal for a new developmental disorder
Authors: Vizard Eileen , French Lesley , Hickey Nicole , Bladon Emily 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe concept of ‘severe personality disorder’ is currently applied to adults with a history of serious antisocial and offending behaviour. There is, however, no similar classification that can be applied to the sub‐group of children and adolescents who display persistent and serious offending from an early age. This omission from diagnostic nomenclature prevents the appropriate early identification, assessment and management of these young people.MethodThis paper therefore proposes a new developmental disorder: ‘severe personality disorder emerging in childhood’. The existing evidence base strongly supports the presence of a developmental trajectory from childhood to adult life for the small number of children who show early signs of severe personality disorder (SPD). Based on a review of the literature and the experience of working in a specialist, forensic Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS), a multi‐factorial model is proposed that outlines the developmental trajectory of SPD. This model includes neurobiological, psychosocial, environmental and systemic factors, within a developmental framework, and contributes to a more developmentally appropriate understanding of the genesis of severe personality disorder. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The antisocial attitudes and associates of sex offenders
Authors: Mills Jeremy F. , Anderson Dana , Kroner Daryl G. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIntroductionMeta‐analyses have demonstrated that attitudes and associates (peer group behaviour) are among the best predictors of antisocial behaviour in offender populations. Research on sex offender attitudes has typically focused on sex‐related content and not antisocial attitudes in general. This study investigates the antisocial attitudes of sex offenders by comparing them with non‐sex offenders on responses to the Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA).MethodThe MCAA comprises two parts. Part A is a quantified self‐report measure of criminal friends. Part B contains four attitude scales: Violence, Entitlement, Antisocial Intent and Associates. Ninety sex offenders were compared with 119 nonsex offenders on their endorsement of the MCAA and criminal history.ResultsSex offenders endorsed fewer antisocial attitudes, reported fewer criminal friends and had fewer incarcerations than did non‐sex offenders. Rapists endorsed antisocial attitudes more than did child molesters and incest offenders. However, these differences disappeared on controlling for age. A finding of fewer previous incarcerations among sex offenders was robust even controlling for age.ConclusionThe MCAA appears to be a reliable and valid instrument with sex offender samples. General antisocial attitudes appear to have a similar relationship with criminal history for both sex offenders and non‐sex offenders, and should not be ignored in future studies or clinical practice. While a general sense of entitlement was not associated with sex offending per se, its stronger association with incarceration among sex offenders than non‐sex offenders might suggest that this has the potential for identifying an important, perhaps more serious sub‐group of sex offenders. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Enhancing fraud prevention and detection by profiling fraud offenders
Authors: Kapardis Andreas , Krambia‐Kapardis Maria 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAimsThe paper first focuses on the crime of fraud and then on approaches to profiling offenders before examining closely studies of fraud offenders and their motivation.MethodDrawing on the existing empirical literature, a profile of the serious fraud offender is presented and critiqued together with a taxonomy of such offenders comprising 12 types.ConclusionsThe implications of the findings for fraud detection and prevention are discussed. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The language of the psychopath: Characteristics of prisoners' performance in a sentence completion test
Authors: Endres Johann 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAim and backgroundVerbal productions of prisoners were studied as possible correlates of psychopathic personality.MethodA sample of 76 inmates of a German high‐security prison were administered a new sentence completion test (SCT). The subjects' verbal responses to 63 sentence cues were coded using 23 content and linguistic categories which had been derived from Loevinger's stage model of ego development. Moreover, the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL–R) was scored for each subject after a clinical interview and a perusal of the prisoner's file.ResultsModerate positive correlations were found between PCL–R scores and cognitive and linguistic characteristics in the SCT (concerns with exerting power and being dominated, use of coarse language and the expression of dysphoric emotions). These characteristics were highly sensitive but not specific to psychopaths.ConclusionsIn the context of recent research, verbal patterns are seen, together with interpersonal behaviour patterns and linguistic properties, as valid indicators of psychopathy and might be particularly useful when biographical information is lacking. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The structural coherence of clinically derived dynamic indicators of reoffending risk
Authors: Philipse Martien W. G. , Koeter Maarten W. J. , van den Brink Wim , van der Staak Cees P. F. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundForensic psychiatrists aim to reduce the risk of reoffending through treatment. With few exceptions, research evidence tends to favour risk assessment aids reliant on fixed historical rather than clinical data, but transparency in the making of clinical judgements is lacking.AimsTo evaluate further a clinically derived 47‐item dynamic risk assessment checklist; specifically to test first whether it has a meaningful dimensional structure and, second, the extent to which items and underlying dimensions are associated with a separate, direct clinical judgement of risk of reoffending.MethodsData sets from four previous studies on the reliability and validity of the Clinical Inventory of Dynamic Reoffending Risk Indicators (CIDRRI) were merged, yielding 370 cases. The resulting data set was analysed using principal axis (common) factor analysis, with orthogonal (varimax) rotation. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated.ResultsThe model of best fit depended on treatment stage; for those in residential treatment it was a six‐factor model (responsibility, self‐reliance, antisocial/narcissistic traits, treatment compliance, goal attainment and avoidance); for those back in the community a five‐actor model in which, effectively, the compliance and goal attainment factors became one, provided a better fit. These dimensions and some individual scale items were associated with clinical judgement of risk of reoffending.Conclusions and clinical implicationsThis study provides evidence that the CIDRRI is an adequate operationalization of underpinnings of clinical risk assessment, and that these underpinnings are part of meaningful higher‐order dimensions. The CIDRRI is a viable instrument for clinical use, taking only 15 minutes to complete and identifying dynamic risk factors, the validity of which needs to be further established. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Management algorithm in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum
Authors: Alwi Mazeni 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PAIVS) is a disease with remarkable morphologic variability, affecting not only the pulmonary valve but also the tricuspid valve, the RV cavity and coronary arteries. With advances in interventional techniques and congenital heart surgery, the management of PAIVS continues to evolve. This review is an attempt at providing a practical approach to the management of this disease. The basis of our approach is morphologic classification as derived from echocardiography and angiography. Group A, patients with good sized RV and membranous atresia, the primary procedure at presentation is radiofrequency (RF) valvotomy. Often it is the only procedure required in this group with the most favourable outcome. Patients with severely hypoplastic RV (Group C) are managed along the lines of hearts with single ventricle physiology. The treatment at presentation is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stenting with balloon atrial septostomy or conventional modified Blalock Taussig (BT) shunt. Bidirectional Glenn shunt may be done 6–12 months later followed by Fontan completion after a suitable interval. Patients in Group B, the intermediate group, are those with borderline RV size, usually with attenuated trabecular component but well developed infundibulum. The treatment at presentation is RF valvotomy and PDA stenting ± balloon atrial septostomy. Surgical re‐interventions are not uncommonly required viz. bidirectional Glenn shunt when the RV fails to grow adequately (1½ – ventricle repair) and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction for subvalvar obstruction or small pulmonary annulus. Catheter based interventions viz. repeat balloon dilatation or device closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) may also be required in some patients. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuropeptide FF distribution in the human and rat forebrain: A comparative immunohistochemical study
Authors: Goncharuk Valeri D. , Buijs Ruud M. , Mactavish David , Jhamandas Jack H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNeuropeptide FF (NPFF) is an octapeptide implicated in a variety of physiological functions, including nociception, cardiovascular responses, and neuroendocrine regulation. The NPFF gene and its mRNA are highly conserved across species. A comparative study of NPFF distribution in the human and rat forebrain was carried out by using single NPFF and double NPFF + vasopressin (VP) immunohistochemistry. NPFF is extensively localized within neurochemical circuits of human and rat forebrain. Semiquantitative analysis revealed that the densities of NPFF cells and fibers in many forebrain nuclei in the human correlate well with those observed for the same structures in the rat. High numbers of NPFF positive neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and a dense plexus of NPFF fibers surrounding the fornix within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis were identified in the human and rat forebrain. Within the hypothalamus of both species, dense NPFF innervation was observed in the perinuclear zone of the supraoptic nucleus (SO) just dorsolateral to the VP‐positive neurons. Extensive NPFF innervation of ventricular ependyma and brain microvasculature were common for both species. At the same time, obvious differences in NPFF localization between the two species were also apparent. For example, in contrast to the rat SO, no NPFF‐ or NPFF‐ + VP‐immunostained cells were observed in the human SO. Knowledge of NPFF neuroanatomical localization in the human brain and the relationship of these observations to those in the rat brain may provide insight into the role of this peptide in central cardiovascular and neuroendocrine regulation. J. Comp. Neurol. 496:572–593, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of glucagon‐expressing neurons in the chicken retina
Authors: Fischer Andy J. , Skorupa Dana , Schonberg David L. , Walton Nathaniel A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe recently identified large glucagon‐expressing neurons that densely ramify neurites in the peripheral edge of the retina and regulate the proliferation of progenitors in the circumferential marginal zone (CMZ) of the postnatal chicken eye (Fischer et al. [2005] J Neurosci 25:10157–10166). However, nothing is known about the transmitters and proteins that are expressed by the glucagon‐expressing neurons in the avian retina. We used antibodies to cell‐distinguishing markers to better characterize the different types of glucagon‐expressing neurons. We found that the large glucagon‐expressing neurons were immunoreactive for substance P, neurofilament, Pax6, AP2α, HuD, calretinin, trkB, and trkC. Colocalization of glucagon and substance P in the large glucagon‐expressing neurons indicates that these cells are the “bullwhip cells” that have been briefly described by Ehrlich et al. ([1987] J Comp Neurol 266:220–233). Similar to the bullwhip cells, the conventional glucagon‐expressing amacrine cells were immunoreactive for calretinin, HuD, Pax6, and AP2α. Unlike bullwhip cells, the conventional glucagon‐expressing amacrine cells were immunoreactive for GABA. While glucagon‐immunoreactive amacrine cells were negative for substance P in central regions of the retina, a subset of this type of amacrine cell was immunoreactive for substance P in far peripheral regions of the retina. An additional type of glucagon/substance P‐expressing neuron, resembling the bullwhip cells, was found in far peripheral and dorsal regions of the retina. Based on morphology, distribution within the retina, and histological markers, we conclude that there may be four different types of glucagon‐expressing neurons in the avian retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 496:479–494, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time frame of mitral cell development in the mice olfactory bulb
Authors: Blanchart Albert , De Carlos Juan A. , López‐Mascaraque Laura 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAlong with tufted cells, mitral cells are the principal projection neurons in the olfactory bulb (OB). During the development of the OB, mitral cells migrate from the ventricular zone to the intermediate zone, where they begin to send axons along the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) to the cortical olfactory zones. Subsequently, they lose their tangential orientation, enabling them to make contact with the axons of the olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) that innervate the whole OB. Here, we investigated the distinct morphological features displayed by developing mitral cells and analyzed the relationship between the changes undertaken by these neurons and the arrival of the OSN axons. Immunostaining for specific markers of developing axons and dendrites, coupled with the use of fluorescent tracers, revealed the morphological changes, the continuous reorientation, and the final refinement that these cells undergo. We found that some of these changes are dependent on the arrival of the OSN axons. Indeed, we identified three main chronological events: 1) newly generated neurons become established in the intermediate zone and project to the LOT; 2) the cells reorient and spread their dendrites at the same time as OSN axons penetrate the OB (this is a sensitive period between embryonic day (E)15–16, in which the arrival of afferents establishes a spatial and temporal gradient that facilitates protoglomerulus and glomerulus formation); and 3) final refinement of the radially orientated cells to adopt a mature morphology. These results suggest that both afferent inputs and intrinsic factors participate to produce the well‐defined sensory system. J. Comp. Neurol. 495:529–543, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the proximal promoter region of apolipoprotein M gene (apoM) confer the susceptibility to development of type 2 diabetes in Han Chinese
Authors: Niu Nifang , Zhu Xilin , Liu Yang , Du Te , Wang Xin , Chen Dongmei , Sun Bei , Gu Harvest F. , Liu Ying 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveDyslipidemia correlating to insulin resistance is one of the key features in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent studies have demonstrated that apolipoprotein M (apoM) is important for the formation of preβ‐high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and cholesterol (CHO) efflux in macrophages to HDL. In the present study, we investigated the potential association of apoM genetic variation with the development of T2D.MethodsSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) C‐1065A, T‐855C and T‐778C in the proximal promoter region of apoM gene were validated to represent in Han Chinese. Further genotyping experiments in 170 T2D patients and 156 non‐diabetic control subjects were performed with polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP).ResultsSingle marker analysis for SNP T‐778C indicated that T2D patients had increased frequency of C allele in comparison with non‐diabetic controls (10.6% versus 5.8%, P = 0.026, OR = 1.934). In non‐diabetic controls, the carriers with CT and CC genotypes had higher plasma CHO (221.7 versus 204.2 mg/dL, P = 0.033) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (92.6 versus 89.7 mg/dL, P = 0.041) levels than the subjects with TT genotype. Further analysis with adjustment for age, BMI, SBP, DBP, CHO and TG demonstrated that this SNP was strongly associated with T2D (P = 0.013, OR = 2.287). Haplotype analysis for those three SNPs, however, indicated that the common haplotypes were less informative than studying the role of the T‐778C variant independently of the haplotype context.ConclusionThe present study provided the first evidence that SNP T‐778C in the proximal promoter region of apoM gene was associated with the levels of plasma CHO and FPG and also conferred the risk in the development of T2D among Han Chinese. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
pH‐Specific Synthesis and Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization of a Complex between CoII and N,N‐Bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine: Cobalt–Phosphonate Interactions in the Solid State and in Solution
Authors: Mateescu Anca , Raptopoulou Catherine P. , Terzis Aris , Tangoulis Vassilis , Salifoglou Athanasios 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe presence of cobalt in biological systems has been associated with a variety of regulatory roles as an inorganic cofactor. Its involvement in (bio)chemical processes, where it contributes to the integrity of the physiology of humans, underscores its ability to promote (bio)chemistry with molecular targets of variable mass and biological properties. Given the fact that organic phosphonates are widespread substrates/ligands in biological fluids, we sought to investigate the relevant chemistry with CoII. With the organophosphonate ligand N,N‐bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine (H5NTA2P) as the main metal ion binder, aqueous reactions with CoII were examined, ultimately leading to the isolation of the complex [Co(C4H9O8NP2)(H2O)2]·2H2O (1) at pH 1.5. This complex was characterized analytically, spectroscopically (FT‐IR, UV/Vis, EPR), magnetically, and by cyclic voltammetry. X‐ray crystallography shows that 1 is a compound with a molecular type of lattice. The complex consists of a mononuclear, octahedral CoII center coordinated by oxygen atoms belonging to the terminal phosphonate and carboxylate groups of H3NTA2P2–, the ligand nitrogen, and two bound water molecules. It should be emphasized that similar structural features have been observed in other metal organophosphonate lattices of materials with potential catalytic and chemical reactivity. The magnetic and EPR data for 1 suggest the presence of a high‐spin octahedral CoII, with a ground state of an effective spin S = 1/2. The solution UV/Vis and EPR spectra suggest retention of the integrity of 1, which is consistent with the magnetization measurements in the solid state. Collectively, the data suggest a soluble CoII–organodiphosphonate species, not unlike those expected in bio‐fluids containing the specific ligand or ligands structurally akin to H3NTA2P2–.The biological relevance of 1 to species in bio‐fluids and the structural association with CoII–organophosphonate materials is discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Facile and Selected‐Control Synthesis of β‐MnO2 Nanorods and Their Magnetic Properties
Authors: Wang Guangli , Tang Bo , Zhuo Linhai , Ge Jiechao , Xue Mei 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSingle crystal β‐MnO2 nanorods were successfully synthesized employing a facile in‐situ redox precipitation hydrothermal process. The effects of various experimental conditions on the morphology of the products were investigated. The mechanism of formation of the nanorods was investigated and discussed based on the experimental results. The magnetic measurement of the nanorods with a diameter of 25–40 nm and a length of 240–440 nm indicates that the Néel magnetic transition temperature is about 6 K higher than that of the bulk β‐MnO2 crystal. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)