bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the origin of groundwater and ﬂow processes in complex landslides affecting black marls: insights from a hydrochemical survey
Authors: Montety V. de , Marc V. , Emblanch C. , Malet J.‐P. , Bertrand C. , Maquaire O. , Bogaard T.A. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe Super‐Sauze mudslide is a persistently active slow‐moving landslide occurring in the black marl outcrops of the French South Alps. It has been intensively studied since the early 1990s. Geotechnical, geomorphological, geophysical and hydrological investigations have led to a better understanding of the processes governing the landslide motion. Water ﬂows inside the system have been proven to have a major impact. To look closer at the processes involved and especially to gain a better idea of the origin and pathways of the waters, a hydrochemical study was carried out from May 2003 to May 2004. The groundwater was sampled during ﬁve ﬁeld campaigns spread uniformly over the year. Groundwater from a network of boreholes was collected as well as spring waters from the fractured bedrock (in situ black marl) and from the moraine aquifer above the landslide. Results showed that the groundwater chemistry could not be fully explained by rainfall recharge or simple water–matrix equilibrium. A contribution of saline waters coming from the bottom of a thrust sheet overhanging the landslide was required to get the observed high mineralization. On a ﬂow line, the hydrochemical evolution was related to both soil–matrix equilibrium and deep water sources coming up to the surface by means of major faults, the bedding planes and the schistosity. Hydrochemical anomalies made it possible to point out such contributions locally. It was shown that water chemistry and landslide activity were closely related. This hydrochemical investigation also enabled us to better deﬁne the hydrosystem limits.Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Hyper‐CVAD chemotherapy regimen has an adverse long‐term impact on the ability to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells, which can be readily circumvented by using the early cycles for mobilization
Authors: Keane Colm , Gibbs Simon , Seymour John F , Mills Anthony K , Grimmett Karen , Kuilenberg Rosita Van , Saal Russell , Gill Devinder , Prince H Miles , Marlton Paula , Mollee Peter 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe Hyper‐CVAD chemotherapy regimen is being increasingly applied to a number of haematological malignancies. We assessed the impact of Hyper‐CVAD on peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) yields and examined the optimal timing of PBSC collection when using this regimen. Seventy‐four consecutive patients were identified in whom an attempt was made to collect PBSC, usually on recovery from cycle A or B. Where PBSC collection was attempted after cycle 3B, only 18% (3/17) of patients successfully mobilized. Fifty‐seven patients were mobilized on recovery from cycle 1B (n = 13), 2A (n = 22), 2B (n = 14) or 3A (n = 8). Compared with cycle 2A, 1B was not superior in achieving the minimum of ≥2 × 106/kg CD34+ cells (100% vs. 77%, p = 0.13), but was superior in terms of total CD34+ yield (21.4 vs. 3.2 × 106/kg, p < 0.001), achieving the target CD34+ cell count of ≥5 × 106/kg (92% vs 36%, p = 0.002), and obtaining both a minimum (92% vs. 18%, p < 0.001) and target (77% vs. 0%, p < 0.001) graft with a single apheresis. There were no significant differences in PBSC yields following cycles 2A, 2B and 3A. Hyper‐CVAD has substantial stem cell toxicity which can be readily circumvented by using the early chemotherapy cycles for mobilization. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biodegradable porous polyurethane scaffolds for tissue repair and regeneration
Authors: Gorna Katarzyna , Gogolewski Sylwester 
Published: June 2006

AbstractCritical‐size bone defects usually require the insertion of autogenous bone graft to heal. Harvesting of bone is traumatic and results in high morbidity at the donor site. A potential alternative to bone graft may be a bone substitute with adequate biocompatibility and biological properties produced from ceramics or bioresorbable/biodegradable polymers. In the present study, new elastomeric biodegradable polyurethanes with an enhanced affinity toward cells and tissues were synthesized using aliphatic diisocyanate, poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) diol, and biologically active 1,4:3,6‐dianhydro‐D‐sorbitol (isosorbide diol) as chain extender. The polymers were processed into 3D porous scaffolds by applying a combined salt leaching‐phase inverse process. The critical parameters controlling pore size and geometry were the solvents and nonsolvents used for scaffold preparation and the sizes of the solid porogen crystals. Scaffolds prepared from the polymer solution in solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide or methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone did not have a homogenous pore structure. Many pores were interconnected, but numerous pores were closed. Irrespective of the high pore‐to‐volume ratio (75%), the scaffolds showed poor water permeability. The best solvent for the preparation of scaffolds from the polyurethane used in the study was dimethylformamide (DMF). The type of nonsolvent admixed to the polymer solution in DMF strongly affected the scaffolds' pore structure. The elastomeric polyurethane scaffold prepared from the optimal solvent–nonsolvent mixture had regular interconnected pores, high water permeability, and a pore‐to‐volume ratio of 90%. The osteoconductive properties of the 3D porous polyurethane scaffolds can be additionally promoted by loading them with calcium phosphate salts such as hydroxyapatite or tricalcium phosphate, thus making them promising candidates for bone graft substitutes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
SP100B, a repressor of gene expression preferentially binds to DNA with unmethylated CpGs
Authors: Isaac Anne , Wilcox Kent W. , Taylor Jerry L. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSP100A and SP100B are mammalian nuclear proteins encoded by alternatively‐spliced transcripts from the SP100 gene. The N‐terminal portion of SP100B (aa 1–476) is identical to SP100A and contains an HP1 interaction domain. The C‐terminal portion of SP100B (aa 477–688) contains an HMG2 interaction domain and a SAND domain. The SAND domain is a DNA‐binding domain identified in several nuclear proteins involved in transcriptional regulation. We have previously reported that SP100B represses expression of genes present on transfected DNA in a SAND domain‐dependent manner. The goal of the present study was to characterize the DNA binding properties of full‐length SP100B expressed in mammalian cells. SP100B associated with DNA whereas SP100A did not. The SP100B SAND domain was essential for DNA binding. Deletion of the HP1‐ or HMG2‐binding domain had no effect on DNA binding. SP100B preferentially associated with sequences containing CpG dinucleotides. Our results did not reveal any preference of SP100B for bases flanking CpG dinucleotides. The number of CpGs in a DNA sequence and spacing between CpGs influenced SP100B binding, suggesting that multimers of SP100B bind DNA in a cooperative manner. Binding of SP100B was abrogated by methylation of the cytosine residue within the context of the CpG dinucleotide. We propose that the preference of SP100B for non‐methylated CpGs provides a mechanism to target SP100B to foreign DNA, including plasmid DNA or viral DNA genomes, most of which are hypomethylated. J. Cell. Biochem. 98: 1106–1122, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromium (VI) inhibits heme oxygenase‐1 expression in vivo and in arsenic‐exposed human airway epithelial cells
Authors: O'Hara Kimberley A. , Nemec Antonia A. , Alam Jawed , Klei Linda R. , Mossman Brooke T. , Barchowsky Aaron 
Published: June 2006

AbstractInhaled hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) promotes lung injury and pulmonary diseases through poorly defined mechanisms. One hypothesis for this lung pathogenesis is that Cr(VI) silences induction of cytoprotective genes, such as heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), whose total lung mRNA levels were reduced 21 days after nasal instillation of potassium dichromate in C57BL/6 mice. To investigate the mechanisms for this inhibition, Cr(VI) effects on basal and arsenic (As(III))‐induced HO‐1 expression were examined in cultured human bronchial epithelial (BEAS‐2B) cells. An effect of Cr(VI) on the low basal HO‐1 mRNA and protein levels in BEAS‐2B cells was not detectible. In contrast, Cr(VI) added to the cells before As(III), but not simultaneously with As(III), attenuated As(III)‐induced HO‐1 expression. Transient transfection with luciferase reporter gene constructs controlled by the full length ho‐1 promoter or deletion mutants demonstrated that this inhibition occurred in the E1 enhancer region containing critical antioxidant response elements (ARE). Cr(VI) pretreatment inhibited As(III)‐induced activity of a transiently expressed reporter construct regulated by three ARE tandem repeats. The mechanism for this Cr(VI)‐attenuated transactivation appeared to be Cr(VI) reduction of the nuclear levels of the transcription factor Nrf2 and As(III)‐stimulated Nrf2 transcriptional complex binding to the ARE cis element. Finally, exposing cells to Cr(VI) prior to co‐exposure with As(III) synergized for apoptosis and loss of membrane integrity. These data suggest that Cr(VI) silences induction of ARE‐driven genes required for protection from secondary insults. The data also have important implications for understanding the toxic mechanisms of low level, mixed metal exposures in the lung. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 113–121, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Signaling through the small G‐protein Cdc42 is involved in insulin‐like growth factor‐I resistance in aging articular chondrocytes
Authors: Fortier Lisa A. , Miller Brian J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDuring aging, chondrocytes become unresponsive to insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I). This study examined the role of Cdc42 (cell‐division‐cycle 42) in IGF‐I signaling during aging. Experiments were performed using cartilage and chondrocytes isolated from horses ages 1 day–25 years. Northern analysis was used to examine expression of the small GTPases Cdc42, Rac, and RhoA. Western analysis was utilized to assess total Cdc42 (GTP + GDP‐bound); active, GTP‐Cdc42 was assessed using a pulldown assay with Western analysis. GTP‐Cdc42 was also measured following IGF‐I treatment. Gene expression for Cdc42 and Rac were decreased in mature samples, but there was no difference in total Cdc42 (GTP + GDP‐bound) protein expression due to age. GTP‐Cdc42 was significantly greater in prepubescent samples compared to other age groups. IGF‐I diminished the GTP‐bound state of Cdc42 in prepubescent chondrocytes; however, this effect was lost during aging. No differences in results were observed due to sample type; that is, cartilage tissues versus isolated chondrocytes. These studies suggest that loss of IGF‐I‐mediated regulation of Cdc42 activation may be a mechanism for the chondrocyte unresponsive state during aging. Further, the activation state of Cdc42, measured in native and IGF‐I‐treated cartilage tissue for the first time, is similar to that of isolated chondrocytes, indicating that the activation state of small G‐proteins is not affected by isolation of chondrocytes from the extracellular matrix. Continued studies will identify the upstream regulators of Cdc42, which will further elucidate the molecular mechanism of IGF‐I resistance during aging thereby providing insight into targeted strategies for age‐related osteoarthritis. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1765–1772, 2006
Variation in external rotation moment arms among subregions of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles
Authors: Langenderfer Joseph E. , Patthanacharoenphon Cameron , Carpenter James E. , Hughes Richard E. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA rotator cuff tear causes morphologic changes in rotator cuff muscles and tendons and reduced shoulder strength. The mechanisms by which these changes affect joint strength are not understood. This study's purpose was to empirically determine rotation moment arms for subregions of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and for teres minor, and to test the hypothesis that subregions of the cuff tendons increase their effective moment arms through connections to other subregions. Tendon excursions were measured for full ranges of rotation on 10 independent glenohumeral specimens with the humerus abducted in the scapular plane at 10 and 60°. Supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons were divided into equal width subregions. Two conditions were tested: tendon divided to the musculotendinous junction, and tendon divided to the insertion on the humerus. Moment arms were determined from tendon excursion via the principle of virtual work. Moment arms for the infraspinatus (p < 0.001) and supraspinatus (p < 0.001) were significantly greater when the tendon was only divided to the musculotendinous junction versus division to the humeral head. Moment arms across subregions of infraspinatus (p < 0.001) and supraspinatus (p < 0.001) were significantly different. A difference in teres minor moment arm was not found for the two cuff tendon conditions. Moment arm differences between muscle subregions and for tendon division conditions have clinical implications. Interaction between cuff regions could explain why some subjects retain strength after a small cuff tear. This finding helps explain why a partial cuff repair may be beneficial when a complete repair is not possible. Data presented here can help differentiate between cuff tear cases that would benefit from cuff repair and cases for which cuff repair might not be as favorable. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1737–1744, 2006
Comparing ectopic bone growth induced by rhBMP‐2 on an absorbable collagen sponge in rat and rabbit models
Authors: Hsu H.‐P. , Zanella J.M. , Peckham S.M. , Spector M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractRecombinant human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) is currently employed as an autograft replacement for spinal fusion. The morphogen is incorporated onto its carrier, an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS), in the operating room. Although the effectiveness of the rhBMP‐2/ACS implant in stimulating bone formation in human subjects has now been well established, further investigations of its use are necessary to deepen our understanding of its performance. The objective of the present study was to determine whether fluid released from the rhBMP‐2/ACS implant could induce bone growth in tissue sites away from the implant site. We first measured the amount of protein in the fluid released from the rhBMP‐2‐soaked ACS during intraoperative handling. Variables included soak time and degree of compression. In the compression group that most closely approximated intraoperative conditions, more than 95% of the rhBMP‐2 protein was retained by the ACS following a 15‐min. soak time. This in vitro study was followed by an in vivo ectopic implant experiment using rat and rabbit models. The animal investigation compared the amount of bone induced by rhBMP‐2 solution alone versus the de novo bone formation induced by rhBMP‐2/ACS implants with varying concentrations of rhBMP‐2. No ossicles were found at the sites where rhBMP‐2 solution was injected in either animal species. Twenty‐two of the 24 subcutaneous sites in the rats implanted with the rhBMP‐2/ACS constructs displayed the presence of the typical 4‐ and 12‐week ossicle. There were no noticeable differences in the size and shape of the ossicles after 4 and 12 weeks. There was a greater percentage of implant sites without ossicles in the rabbits, compared to the rats. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1660–1669, 2006
Stiff man–like syndrome and generalized myokymia in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Berciano José , Infante Jon , García Antonio , De Pablos Carmen , Amer Guillermo , Miguel Polo José , Volpini Victor , Combarros Onofre 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe describe the novel association of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado–Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) phenotype combining classical clinical presentation and semeiology mimicking stiff man syndrome (SMS). The studied pedigree comprises seven affected members in three generations. Their clinical picture consisted of cerebellar ataxia, pyramidal signs, facial myokymia, and ophthalmoplegia. The proband was a 39‐year‐old man in whom such a clinical picture, 5 years after onset at age 29, evolved to severe SMS and widespread myokymia. Electrophysiological study revealed continuous muscle activity in proximal limb muscles. Molecular study demonstrated the MJD gene mutation in all four examined patients with 73 to 76 CAG repeats in the expanded allele. We conclude that an excess of motor unit activity including stiff man–like syndrome and widespread myokymia may be an integral part of the SCA3 clinical spectrum. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
The barrier for proton transport in aquaporins as a challenge for electrostatic models: The role of protein relaxation in mutational calculations
Authors: Kato Mitsunori , Pisliakov Andrei V. , Warshel Arieh 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe origin of the barrier for proton transport through the aquaporin channel is a problem of general interest. It is becoming increasingly clear that this barrier is not attributable to the orientation of the water molecules across the channel but rather to the electrostatic penalty for moving the proton charge to the center of the channel. However, the reason for the high electrostatic barrier is still rather controversial. It has been argued by some workers that the barrier is due to the so‐called NPA motif and/or to the helix macrodipole or to other specific elements. However, our works indicated that the main reason for the high barrier is the loss of the generalized solvation upon moving the proton charge from the bulk to the center of the channel and that this does not reflect a specific repulsive electrostatic interaction but the absence of sufficient electrostatic stabilization. At this stage it seems that the elucidation and clarification of the origin of the electrostatic barrier can serve as an instructive test case for electrostatic models. Thus, we reexamine the free‐energy surface for proton transport in aquaporins using the microscopic free‐energy perturbation/umbrella sampling (FEP/US) and the empirical valence bond/umbrella sampling (EVB/US) methods as well as the semimacroscopic protein dipole Langevin dipole model in its linear response approximation version (the PDLD/S‐LRA). These extensive studies help to clarify the nature of the barrier and to establish the “reduced solvation effect” as the primary source of this barrier. That is, it is found that the barrier is associated with the loss of the generalized solvation energy (which includes of course all electrostatic effects) upon moving the proton charge from the bulk solvent to the center of the channel. It is also demonstrated that the residues in the NPA region and the helix dipole cannot be considered as the main reasons for the electrostatic barrier. Furthermore, our microscopic and semimacroscopic studies clarify the problems with incomplete alternative calculations, illustrating that the effects of various electrostatic elements are drastically overestimated by macroscopic calculations that use a low dielectric constant and do not consider the protein reorganization. Similarly, it is pointed out that microscopic potential of mean force calculations that do not evaluate the electrostatic barrier relative to the bulk water cannot be used to establish the origin of the electrostatic barrier. The relationship between the present study and calculations of pKas in protein interiors is clarified, pointing out that approaches that are applied to study the aquaporin barrier should be validated by pKas calculations. Such calculations also help to clarify the crucial role of solvation energies in establishing the barrier in aquaporins. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do treated psychiatric patients become later community cases?
Authors: Paykel E.S. , Watters L. , Abbott R. , Wadsworth M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground:There have been few attempts to link two aspects of psychiatric epidemiology, severe disorder and milder ‘common’ mental disorder, by ascertaining whether subjects who have received psychiatric treatment for major disorders are identified later in epidemiological community surveys.Methods:Subjects were from a national birth cohort study and had been followed prospectively from childhood to middle age, with concurrent information on treatment from psychiatric facilities. In two successive prevalence surveys of milder disorder at 36 and 43 years, the association between earlier treatment and being a later community case was examinedResults:Among 102 subjects who had been treated patients up to age 35 years, 52 (51%) were identified as definite community cases (36, 35%) or subthreshold cases (16, 16%) at either one or both later points. The proportion of community subjects who were previous psychiatric patients increased systematically from community non-cases, through subthreshold cases on one or both occasions, definite cases on one occasion, to definite cases on both occasions.Conclusions:About half of subjects who have received treatment from psychiatric facilities remain with persistent symptoms such as to identify them as definite or subthreshold cases of milder common mental disorder some years later.
Sources and consequences of bargaining power in supply chains
Authors: Crook T. Russell , Combs James G. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractResearch suggests that collaborative supply chain management (SCM) helps chain members create “a rising tide that lifts all boats.” Yet resource dependence theory suggests that when tides rise, some boats are lifted more than others; members who furnish important resources or resources where control is concentrated have bargaining power. Drawing on Thompson [Thompson, J.D., 1967. Organizations in Action. McGraw‐Hill, New York], we argue that strong firms’ bargaining power use is tempered by the type of coordination different types of task interdependencies demand. We also investigate how both strong and weak members benefit from SCM. Whereas strong members reap most of the direct benefits, weak members can often gain by building switching costs with strong members, leveraging SCM outside the focal chain, and increasing survival chances.