bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The deimplementation of laboratory testing in low‐risk patients as recommended by the American society of anesthesiologists: An ACS‐NSQIP longitudinal analysis
Authors: Stuart Christina M. , Bronsert Michael R. , Meguid Robert A. , Mott Nicole M. , Abrams Benjamin A. , Dyas Adam R. , Gleisner Ana L. , Colborn Kathryn L. , Henderson William G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn 2012, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) published guidelines recommending against routine preoperative laboratory testing for low‐risk patients to reduce unnecessary medical expenditures. The aim of this study was to assess the change in routine preoperative laboratory testing in low‐risk versus higher‐risk patients before and after release of these guidelines.MethodsThe ACS‐NSQIP database, 2005–2018, was separated into low‐risk versus higher‐risk patients based upon a previously published stratification. The guideline implementation date was defined as January 2013. Changes in preoperative laboratory testing over time were compared between low‐ and higher‐risk patients. A difference‐in‐differences model was applied. The primary outcome included any laboratory test obtained ≤90 days prior to surgery.ResultsOf 7,507,991 patients, 972,431 (13.0%) were defined as low‐risk and 6,535,560 (87.0%) higher‐risk. Use of any preoperative laboratory test declined in low‐risk patients from 66.5% before to 59.6% after guidelines, a 6.9 percentage point reduction, versus 93.0%–91.9% in higher‐risk patients, a 1.1 percentage point reduction (p < 0.0001, comparing percentage point reductions). After risk‐adjustment, the adjusted odds ratio for having any preoperative laboratory test after versus before the guidelines was 0.77 (95% CI 0.76–0.78) in low‐risk versus 0.93 (0.92–0.94) in higher‐risk patients. In low‐risk patients, lack of any preoperative testing was not associated with worse outcomes.ConclusionsWhile a majority of low‐risk patients continue to receive preoperative laboratory testing not recommended by the ASA, there has been a decline after implementation of guidelines. Continued effort should be directed at the deimplementation of routine preoperative laboratory testing for low‐risk patients.
Some Useful Statistical Results
Authors: Wickramasuriya Dilranjan S. , Faghih Rose T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe EM algorithms for state estimation that we consider in this book rely on basic concepts in statistics. In this chapter, we will review some results that will come in useful later on. Many of the concepts are introductory and only require a basic knowledge of probability and statistics. If you are already familiar with what is discussed here, feel free to skip ahead.
State-Space Model with One Binary Observation
Authors: Wickramasuriya Dilranjan S. , Faghih Rose T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we will consider a state-space model where a single state variable $$x_{k}$$

x

k

gives rise to binary observations. We will see how the state and parameter estimation equations are derived for this case. However, prior to deriving any of the equations, we will first look at two example scenarios where the need for such a model arises.
State-Space Model with One Binary and One Continuous Observation
Authors: Wickramasuriya Dilranjan S. , Faghih Rose T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we will consider the case where $$x_{k}$$

x

k

evolves with time following a slightly more complicated state equation and gives rise to both a binary observation $$n_{k}$$

n

k

and a continuous observation $$r_{k}$$

r

k

. Prior to looking into the equation derivations, however, as in the previous chapter, we will again first consider a few example scenarios where the need for such a model arises.
State-Space Model with One Binary, Two Continuous, and a Spiking-Type Observation
Authors: Wickramasuriya Dilranjan S. , Faghih Rose T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSpiking-type observations are occasionally recorded in experiments. For instance, neural spiking activity may be recorded from a macaque monkey engaged in a learning experiment or an EKG signal may be recorded from a human subject in an experiment. In such instances, we can model the spiking-type variable using a conditional intensity function (CIF). The CIF is similar to the rate parameter in a Poisson distribution but is more general. With spiking-type observations, we usually assume that our state variable $$x_{k}$$

x

k

affects the rate of spiking through the CIF.
Einleitung
Authors: Bosshardt Tamara 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungElternschaft ist ein zeit- und kostenintensives Projekt. Viele Menschen unterstützen ihre Kinder mit Geldgeschenken und Zahlungen auch nachdem diese volljährig geworden und damit zumindest im rechtlichen Sinn eigenständig sind. Daneben helfen erwachsene Kinder ihren Eltern bei Alltagsaufgaben, beschenken diese und leisten in manchen Fällen gar substantielle finanzielle Unterstützung.
Daten und Methoden
Authors: Bosshardt Tamara 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungWie häufig erhalten Erwachsene in der Schweiz finanzielle Zuwendungen von ihren Eltern? Wie lässt sich erklären, dass einige mehr, andere aber weniger erhalten? Wie hängen finanzielle Transfers mit Ungleichheitsstrukturen zusammen? Diese Fragen wurden in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln theoretisch erörtert und sollen in den folgenden Kapiteln im Rahmen einer quantitativen, empirischen Analyse geprüft werden.
Kontexte von aktuellen Transfers
Authors: Bosshardt Tamara 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungEine gute soziologische Erklärung beginnt mit der Beschreibung der Ausgangslage. Um zu erklären, warum es zum Austausch von Geld zwischen Familiengenerationen kommt, wird deshalb zunächst der Kontext genauer beleuchtet, in welchem der Austausch von finanziellen Transfers stattfindet. Damit folgt dieses erste empirische Kapitel der Logik der Situation.
Unraveling the role of Xist in X chromosome inactivation: insights from rabbit model and deletion analysis of exons and repeat A
Authors: Liang Mingming , Zhang Lichao , Lai Liangxue , Li Zhanjun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractX chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a process that equalizes the expression of X-linked genes between males and females. It relies on Xist, continuously expressed in somatic cells during XCI maintenance. However, how Xist impacts XCI maintenance and its functional motifs remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of Xist, using rabbits as an ideal non-primate model. Homozygous knockout of exon 1, exon 6, and repeat A in female rabbits resulted in embryonic lethality. However, X∆ReAX females, with intact X chromosome expressing Xist, showed no abnormalities. Interestingly, there were no significant differences between females with homozygous knockout of exons 2–5 and wild-type rabbits, suggesting that exons 2, 3, 4, and 5 are less important for XCI. These findings provide evolutionary insights into Xist function.
Assessing differences in the mechanical behaviour of loose cork granulates from virgin and reproduction cork
Authors: González Adrados J. R. , Benito López J. , Dove C. A. , Sánchez-González M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVirgin cork is a little-known, sustainable and relatively scarce raw material. However, its global output is expected to increase substantially as recent cork oak plantations are stripped for the first time. The work described here aimed to examine the factors underlying the mechanical properties of granulated cork, most particularly the type of cork (virgin or reproduction), and to develop a technique to deliver fast and accurate assessments of the effects of said factors. A batch of virgin cork was boiled, dried, ground and graded following standard granule classification procedures according to size and density. The resulting granulates were then compared with equivalent commercial-grade reproduction cork granulates. Physical variables (tapped density and moisture content) were measured and elastic recovery and Young’s modulus were used as proxies for mechanical properties. Image analysis was used to study the size, shape and colour of the cork particles. ANOVA results show significant effects of particle size, density class, type of cork and first and second order interactions between most variables. Density class clearly reached the highest level of significance, whereas the type of cork was less critical. A very strong correlation was found between granulates’ elastic recovery and their tapped density (R2 = 0.98; RMSE < 1%). Likewise, greyscale imaging revealed a good adjustment between tapped density and grey level (R2 = 0.84; RMSE = 24 g·l−1). The primary conclusion was that the differences between virgin and standard cork granulates are small and should have no effect on less demanding applications. Image analysis is likely to prove useful in further, more in-depth studies.
Young adults’ work-family life courses and mental health trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood: a TRAILS study
Authors: Machů Vendula , Arends Iris , Almansa Josué , Veldman Karin , Bültmann Ute 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Work-family life courses have been associated with mental health at various time points in life but little is known about how mental health develops during these work-family life courses. The aim of this study was to examine mental health trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood in women and men with different work-family life courses.

Methods
Data from 992 young adults participating in the 18-year follow-up TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) were used. Work-family life courses from ages 18 to 28 years were previously constructed using sequence analysis. For each work-family life course, trajectories of internalising and externalising problems from ages 11 to 29 years were estimated using a multi-group random intercept growth model. Differences in mental health trajectories were examined across work-family life courses.

Results
For women, trajectories of internalising and externalising problems in young adulthood differed significantly between work-family life courses (p = 0.037 and p < 0.001, respectively). Women in the inactive work-family life course reported the highest scores of internalising and externalising problems during the entire young adulthood but the differences in mental health scores became most pronounced at age 29. Trajectories of internalising and externalising problems of men did not significantly differ between the work-family life courses.

Conclusion
Mental health trajectories differed between women depending on their work-family life course. In men, differences between work-family life courses were less pronounced. Future studies should examine which work-family events and transitions captured in work-family life courses are associated with subsequent mental health problems during longer follow-up.
Predicting mechanical failure of polycrystalline dual-phase nickel-based alloys by numerical homogenization using a phase field damage model
Authors: Huber Jakob , Vogler Jonas , Torgersen Jan , Werner Ewald 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBrazing of nickel-based alloys plays a major role in the assembly of turbine components, e.g., abradable sealing systems. In a brazed joint of nickel-based alloys a composition of brittle and ductile phases can be formed if the brazing conditions are not ideal. This heterogeneous microstructure is a crucial challenge for predicting the damage behavior of a brazed joint. The initiation and evolution of microdamage inside of the brittle phase of a virtual dual-phase microstructure representing the material in a brazed joint is studied by means of numerical simulations. A phase field approach for brittle damage is employed on the microscale. The simulation approach is capable of depicting phenomena of microcracking like kinking and branching due to heterogeneous stress and strain fields on the microscale. No information regarding the initiation sites and pathways of microcracks is needed a priori. The reliability of calculating the effective critical energy quantities as a microstructure-based criterion for macroscopic damage is assessed. The effective critical strain energy density and the effective critical energy release rate are evaluated for single-phase microstructures, and the approach is transferred to dual-phase microstructures. The local critical strain energy density turns out to be better suited as a model input parameter on the microscale as well as for a microstructure-based prediction of macroscopic damage compared to a model employing the energy release rate. Regarding the uncertainty of the model prediction, using the effective critical energy release rate leads to a standard deviation which is five times larger than the standard deviation in the predicted effective critical strain energy density.
Partially concentrating standing waves for weakly coupled Schrödinger systems
Authors: Pellacci Benedetta , Pistoia Angela , Vaira Giusi , Verzini Gianmaria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study the existence of standing waves for the following weakly coupled system of two Schrödinger equations "Equation missing"where $$V_1$$

V
1

and $$V_2$$

V
2

are radial potentials bounded from below. We address the case "Equation missing", $$m_2$$

m
2

constant, and prove the existence of a standing wave solution with both nontrivial components satisfying a prescribed asymptotic profile. In particular, the second component of such solution exhibits a concentrating behavior, while the first one keeps a quantum nature.
The expression of decision and learning variables in movement patterns related to decision actions
Authors: Selbing Ida , Skewes Joshua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDecisions are not necessarily easy to separate into a planning and an execution phase and the decision-making process can often be reflected in the movement associated with the decision. Here, we used formalized definitions of concepts relevant in decision-making and learning to explore if and how these concepts correlate with decision-related movement paths, both during and after a choice is made. To this end, we let 120 participants (46 males, mean age = 24.5 years) undergo a repeated probabilistic two-choice task with changing probabilities where we used mouse-tracking, a simple non-invasive technique, to study the movements related to decisions. The decisions of the participants were modelled using Bayesian inference which enabled the computation of variables related to decision-making and learning. Analyses of the movement during the decision showed effects of relevant decision variables, such as confidence, on aspects related to, for instance, timing and pausing, range of movement and deviation from the shortest distance. For the movements after a decision there were some effects of relevant learning variables, mainly related to timing and speed. We believe our findings can be of interest for researchers within several fields, spanning from social learning to experimental methods and human–machine/robot interaction.
Medical Management for Fracture Prevention in Children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Arundel Paul , Bishop Nick 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere are no licensed treatments for children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Children currently receive off-label treatment with bisphosphonates, without any consistent approach to dose, drug or route of administration. Meta-analyses suggest that anti-fracture efficacy of such interventions is equivocal. New therapies are undergoing clinical trials, and it is likely that one or more will receive marketing authorisation within the next three to five years. The long-term outcome from such interventions will need to be studied carefully well beyond the period over which the clinical trials are conducted, and a consistent approach to the collection of data in this regard will be needed as a major collaborative effort.
Ethanol Sclerotherapy in the Management of Ovarian Endometrioma: Technical Considerations for Catheter- and Needle-Directed Sclerotherapy
Authors: Azizova Aynur , Ciftci Turkmen Turan , Gultekin Murat , Unal Emre , Akhan Okan , Bozdag Gurkan , Akinci Devrim 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To provide technical guidance on applying catheter-directed and needle-directed ethanol sclerotherapy for endometriomas and present the results of these sclerotherapy methods.

Materials and Methods
From January 2015 to March 2021, the results of the patients with symptomatic ovarian endometriomas who underwent needle-directed or catheter-directed sclerotherapy were evaluated, retrospectively. The decision to apply which sclerotherapy technique was made during the procedure for each patient considering the following factors: cyst size, cyst location, cyst viscosity, and tissue rigidity.

Results
Both needle-directed (n = 34 cysts) and catheter-directed (n = 34 cysts) sclerotherapy techniques were effective, with a 100% technical success rate and a 97% clinical success rate. In two of 34 cysts (6%) treated with needle-directed sclerotherapy, recurrence was detected and successfully retreated with catheter-directed sclerotherapy. Significant reductions in cyst size, pain, and serum cancer antigen 125 levels (p < 0.05) were noted. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels remained unaffected, indicating preserved ovarian reserve (p > 0.05). Among those treated for infertility, the pregnancy rate was 54% (n = 6/11). The mean ± SD cyst size decline was greater in catheter-directed sclerotherapy than needle-directed sclerotherapy (5.5 ± 3.1 cm vs. 4.0 ± 2.1 cm, p < 0.05). However, the pretreatment cyst volumes were considerably higher in catheter-directed sclerotherapy group (202.0 ± 233.5 mL vs. 78.8 ± 59.7 mL, p < 0.05) and were associated with significant post-treatment volume decrease (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The choice between catheter-directed and needle-directed ethanol sclerotherapy should be determined during the procedure, with a preference for catheter-directed sclerotherapy when feasible. Crucial factors in making this decision include cyst size, cyst location, cyst viscosity, and tissue rigidity.
Level of evidence Level 3, non-controlled retrospective cohort study.

Graphical Abstract
Synergizing LED Technology and Hydropriming for Intelligent Modeling and Mathematical Expressions to Optimize Chickpea Germination and Growth Indices
Authors: Aasim Muhammad , Akin Fatma , Ali Seyid Amjad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe influence of hydropriming and Light Emitting Diodes (LED) on germination and growth indices, followed by optimizing and validation via artificial intelligence-based models was carried out in this research. White LEDs (W-LEDs) were more effective by yielding the most effective growth indices, such as mean germination time (MGT) (1.11 day), coefficient of variation of germination time (CVt) (20.72%), mean germination rate (MR) (0.81 day−1), uncertainty (U) (0.40 bit), and synchronization (Z values) (0.79); the optimum MGT (1.09 day), CVt (15.97%), MR (0.77 day−1), U (0.32 bit), and Z (0.55) values were found after 2 h of hydropriming, which was responsible for all efficient growth indicators. W-LEDs with 1 h hydropriming proved to be the ideal LED and hydropriming combination. Results on growth indices for in vitro seedlings were completely different from those on germination indices, and the most desirable germination indices were linked to red LEDs (R-LEDs). Whereas 4 h hydropriming was most effective for the post-germination process. Pareto charts, normal plots, contour plots, and surface plots were created to optimize the input variables. Finally, the data were predicted using Arificial Neural Network (ANN) inspired multilayer perceptron (MLP) and machine learning-based random forest (RF) algorithms. For both models, plant height was correlated with maximum R2 values. Whereas, all output variables had relatively low mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) scores, indicating that both models performed well. The results of this investigation disclosed a link between certain LEDs and hydropriming treatment for in vitro germination indices and plant growth.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical presentation of actual and predicted values for germination indices in chickpea
One hundred years of excellence: the top one hundred authors of the Journal of Comparative Physiology A
Authors: Zupanc Günther K. H. , Homberg Uwe , Helfrich-Förster Charlotte , Warrant Eric J. , Simmons Andrea Megela 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Journal of Comparative Physiology A is the premier peer-reviewed scientific journal in comparative physiology, in particular sensory physiology, neurophysiology, and neuroethology. Founded in 1924 by Karl von Frisch and Alfred Kühn, it celebrates its 100th anniversary in 2024. During these 100 years, many of the landmark achievements in these disciplines were published in this journal. To commemorate these accomplishments, we have compiled a list of the Top 100 Authors over these 100 years, representing approximately 1% of all its authors. To select these individuals, three performance criteria were applied: number of publications, total number of citations attracted by these articles, and mean citation rate of the papers published by each author. The resulting list of the Top 100 Authors provides a fascinating insight into the history of the disciplines covered by the Journal of Comparative Physiology A and into the academic careers of many of their leading representatives.