bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways by Green Tea Polyphenol (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate
Authors: Khan Naghma , Afaq Farrukh , Saleem Mohammad , Ahmad Nihal , Mukhtar Hasan 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Cell signaling pathways, responsible for maintaining a balance between cell proliferation and death, have emerged as rational targets for the management of cancer. Emerging data amassed from various laboratories around the world suggests that green tea, particularly its major polyphenolic constituent (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), possesses remarkable cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic potential against various cancer sites in animal tumor bioassay systems and in some human epidemiologic studies. EGCG has been shown to modulate multiple signal transduction pathways in a fashion that controls the unwanted proliferation of cells, thereby imparting strong cancer chemopreventive as well as therapeutic effects. This review discusses the modulations of important signaling events by EGCG and their implications in cancer management.(Cancer Res 2006;66(5):2500–5)
Fibrinogen γ Overexpression in Pancreatic Cancer Identified by Large-scale Proteomic Analysis of Serum Samples
Authors: Bloomston Mark , Zhou Jeff X. , Rosemurgy Alexander S. , Frankel Wendy , Muro-Cacho Carlos A. , Yeatman Timothy J. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Detection of serum markers for pancreatic cancer has been elusive. Although CA 19-9 is most commonly used, its sensitivity and specificity are modest. We used large-scale proteomics to identify potential serum markers for pancreatic cancer. Samples were analyzed using high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to identify differentially expressed proteins in 32 normal and 30 pancreatic cancer patients. Up to 1,744 protein spots were resolved for each serum sample. Candidate proteins were identified using mass spectrometry. ANOVA was used to identify proteins that could discriminate cancer from normal sera. Serum fibrinogen level was also measured using enzymatic assay. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect fibrinogen in resected pancreatic cancers. One hundred fifty-four proteins were commonly overexpressed in all pancreatic cancers. Nine protein spots (four with identifications by mass spectrometry) could effectively separate cancer from normal controls using cross-validation. These proteins successfully discriminated all pancreatic cancer samples (30 of 30) and 94% of normal (30 of 32) samples. Prominent among these candidates was fibrinogen γ, which was subsequently confirmed to be overexpressed in pancreatic cancer sera by enzymatic analysis (54.1 ± 64.1 versus 0.0 ± 0.0 mg/dL, P &lt; 0.05) and tissue by immunohistochemistry (67% versus 29%, P &lt; 0.05) relative to normal pancreas. Proteomic analysis combining two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry successfully identified 154 potential serum markers for pancreatic cancer. Of these, fibrinogen γ, a protein associated with the hypercoagulable state of pancreatic cancer, discriminated cancer from normal sera. Fibrinogen is a potential tumor marker in pancreatic cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(5): 2592-9)
A Prospective Study of Hemoglobin A1c Concentrations and Risk of Breast Cancer in Women
Authors: Lin Jennifer , Ridker Paul M. , Rifai Nader , Lee I-Min , Manson JoAnn E. , Buring Julie E. , Zhang Shumin M. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Impaired glucose metabolism and hyperinsulinemia have been hypothesized to increase breast cancer risk. However, findings from observational studies relating blood concentrations of hyperinsulinemia markers to breast cancer risk have been inconsistent. We prospectively evaluated whether hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentrations predict breast cancer risk in a large female cohort. We included 27,110 female participants of the Women's Health Study who were, at baseline, free of cancer and had usable blood specimens as well as sufficient information on potential risk factors for breast cancer. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated from Cox proportional hazards regression models. All Ps were two sided. During an average of 10 years of follow-up, 790 incident cases of invasive breast cancer were confirmed. Higher baseline HbA1c levels were not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The multivariate RR for the highest relative to the lowest quintile of HbA1c levels was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.69-1.10; Ptrend = 0.22). Higher HbA1c levels were also not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer according to alternative clinical cutoff points for HbA1c or in the analyses stratified by body mass index or according to certain tumor characteristics. However, a weakly inverse association was noted among postmenopausal women, especially among those who had never used hormone therapy. There was also a weakly inverse association between HbA1c levels and estrogen receptor–negative breast tumors. These data suggest that higher HbA1c concentrations do not seem to increase risk of breast cancer among apparently healthy women. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(5): 2869-75)
Increased Expression of Genes Converting Adrenal Androgens to Testosterone in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer
Authors: Stanbrough Michael , Bubley Glenn J. , Ross Kenneth , Golub Todd R. , Rubin Mark A. , Penning Trevor M. , Febbo Phillip G. , Balk Steven P. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in prostate cancer, and most patients respond to androgen deprivation therapies, but they invariably relapse with a more aggressive prostate cancer that has been termed hormone refractory or androgen independent. To identify proteins that mediate this tumor progression, gene expression in 33 androgen-independent prostate cancer bone marrow metastases versus 22 laser capture–microdissected primary prostate cancers was compared using Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays. Multiple genes associated with aggressive behavior were increased in the androgen-independent metastatic tumors (MMP9, CKS2, LRRC15, WNT5A, EZH2, E2F3, SDC1, SKP2, and BIRC5), whereas a candidate tumor suppressor gene (KLF6) was decreased. Consistent with castrate androgen levels, androgen-regulated genes were reduced 2- to 3-fold in the androgen-independent tumors. Nonetheless, they were still major transcripts in these tumors, indicating that there was partial reactivation of AR transcriptional activity. This was associated with increased expression of AR (5.8-fold) and multiple genes mediating androgen metabolism (HSD3B2, AKR1C3, SRD5A1, AKR1C2, AKR1C1, and UGT2B15). The increase in aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C3 (AKR1C3), the prostatic enzyme that reduces adrenal androstenedione to testosterone, was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry. These results indicate that enhanced intracellular conversion of adrenal androgens to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone is a mechanism by which prostate cancer cells adapt to androgen deprivation and suggest new therapeutic targets. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(5): 2815-25)
The Religious Market Model And Conversion: Towards A New Approach
Authors: Gooren Henri 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe article gives a critical overview of the religious market model to assess its usefulness for analyzing religious conversion in a context of increasing pluralism. The model's central idea is that religious organizations are competing for adherents, who make (rational?) choices from the available options. I first present the main tenets, contributions, and possible short-comings of the religious market model at three different levels of analysis: micro, meso, and macro. The next section describes and assesses the conventional social science approaches to conversion. Then I describe and analyze the approach to religious conversion that follows from the religious market model, as developed in Stark and Finke (Acts of Faith: Explaining the Human Side of Religion, Berkeley etc.: University of California Press 2000, 114–138). I end with my own evaluation of the usefulness of the market model for empirical research in a situation of religious pluralism. The conclusion will sketch the connections between individual religious demand and the supply-side of competing religious organizations.
Conversion To Islam In Contemporary Brazil
Authors: Mariz Cecília , de Oliveira Vitória Peres 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWith the aim of discussing the conversion to Islam in Brazil, this article analyses interviews with converts with no Islamic ancestry in five Brazilian cities. A few points are highlighted, first the comparison of conversion discourses with the publicity material handed out by the mosques, second the addressing of different ingredients which come up such as the influence of Black Islam from the USA and the presence of Islamic web sites, and thirdly the pointing out of the new religion as part of a prior journey of religious seeking. The strong presence of the new converts in the proselytising activities of Islam in Brazil is also brought out. Finally some hypotheses about the attraction exercised by Islam to these new Brazilian converts are suggested.
Pentecostal Conversion And The Limits Of The Market Metaphor
Authors: Martin Bernice 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe article argues that the notion of a 'religious market' is essentially a metaphor. It focuses analytic attention on certain aspects of the competition for allegiance among different forms of religion but at the expense of misrepresenting other core features. The attraction of the model for social scientists may well have as much to do with the normative character of the language of economic markets today as with the intrinsic analytic force of the model. The epistemological and ontological bases of the model are seldom examined though their implications are reductionist. The common use of the market model is also problematic in reinforcing the largely discredited, but still influential, assumption that the growth of Protestant 'fundamentalism' in developing societies is a function of American cultural and economic imperialism. The main body of the text examines the author's own selective use of the market metaphor in research on Latin American Pentecostals, highlighting both what is illuminated and what is distorted by the model. The discussion covers: the structuring of the religious 'market'; entrepreneurship, with particular reference to the pastorate; converts as 'clients' or 'customers'; the 'marketing strategies' of religious bodies; 'market niches'; and the 'pre-conditions of demand'. The article concludes that the market model tends to obscure the importance of the transformative processes in conversion. The market model should be employed with caution and without assuming its uniquely 'scientific' status as a methodological tool in the study of conversion and of the growth or decline of religion.
Cognitive function and mood in MDMA/THC users, THC users and non-drug using controls
Authors: Lamers C. T. J. , Bechara A. , Rizzo M. , Ramaekers J. G. 
Published: March 2006

Repeated ecstasy (MDMA) use is reported to impair cognition and cause increased feelings of depression and anxiety. Yet, many relevant studies have failed to control for use of drugs other than MDMA, especially marijuana (THC). To address these confounding effects we compared behavioural performance of 11 MDMA/THC users, 15 THC users and 15 non-drug users matched for age and intellect. We tested the hypothesis that reported feelings of depression and anxiety and cognitive impairment (memory, executive function and decision making) are more severe in MDMA/THC users than in THC users. MDMA/THC users reported more intense feelings of depression and anxiety than THC users and non-drug users. Memory function was impaired in both groups of drug users. MDMA/THC users showed slower psychomotor speed and less mental .exibility than non-drug users. THC users exhibited less mental .exibility and performed worse on the decision making task compared to non-drug users but these functions were similar to those in MDMA/THC users. It was concluded that MDMA use is associated with increased feelings of depression and anxiety compared to THC users and non-drug users. THC users were impaired in some cognitive abilities to the same degree as MDMA/THC users, suggesting that some cognitive impairment attributed to MDMA is more likely due to concurrent THC use.
An investigation into the sub-acute effects of ecstasy on aggressive interpretative bias and aggressive mood – are there gender differences?
Authors: Hoshi Rosa , Pratt Hannah , Mehta Sachin , Bond Alyson J. , Curran H. Valerie 
Published: March 2006

The lowering of serotonin for a period following MDMA use could account for the increases in both self-rated and objective measures of aggression previously found in ecstasy users several days after taking the drug. There is some evidence of gender differences in the acute, sub-acute and long-term effects of MDMA use, and given that gender differences have been found in aggression, it is possible that men may experience more aggression mid-week than women.The aim of this study was to attempt to replicate .ndings showing increased bias towards aggressive material in ecstasy users several days after using the drug. In addition, to investigate possible gender differences in mid-week aggression.A total of 46 participants were tested: 19 ecstasy users and 27 controls were compared on the night of drug use and 4 days later. On day 4, a task designed to tap cognitive bias toward material with aggressive content was administered. Participants were required to process sentences that could be interpreted as either aggressive or neutral and subsequently remember them in a recognition test. This data set was then combined with the data from Curran et al.'s (2004) study that employed exactly the same procedure. Thus, the data from 107 participants was analysed to investigate gender differences.Ecstasy users recognized more aggressive sentences than controls and tended to react slower to neutral sentences than controls. Ecstasy users also rated themselves as being more aggressive and depressed than controls on day 4. No gender differences were found on any measure of aggression in the combined data set.Both male and female ecstasy users show a bias toward interpretation of ambiguous material in an aggressive manner when compared to controls 4 days after ecstasy use.
Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma and primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma, leg type, are both targeted by aberrant somatic hypermutation but demonstrate differential expression of AID
Authors: Dijkman Remco , Tensen Cornelis P. , Buettner Maike , Niedobitek Gerald , Willemze Rein , Vermeer Maarten H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe assessed primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCLBCL, leg type; n = 13), and primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL; n = 19) for somatic hypermutation (SHM) of BCL6, and aberrant SHM of MYC, RhoH/TTF, and PAX5. We demonstrate SHM of BCL6 in 8 PCLBCLs (62%), leg type, and 7 PCFCL patients (37%), and aberrant SHM in PAX5, RhoH/TTF, and/or MYC in 7 PCLBCLs (54%), leg type, and 10 PCFCL patients (53%). The majority of mutations consisted of single base-pair substitutions (n = 54) with rare deletions/insertions (n = 4), and displayed molecular features typical of the SHM process. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical stainings for activation-induced cytidine deaminase, which is indispensable for SHM, demonstrated significantly higher expression in PCLBCL, leg type. Our results suggest that (aberrant) SHM may contribute to the pathogenesis of PCLBCL, leg type, and PCFCL and is not restricted to diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with an aggressive clinical behavior.
High 1,3-Asymmetric Induction in Addition of Allylic Tin Reagents to Chiral 3-Substituted 3,4-Dihydroisoquinolines Activated by Acyl Chlorides
Authors: Hatano Bunpei , Haraguchi Yoshikazu , Kozima Sinpei , Yamaguchi Ryohei 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Nucleophilic addition reactions of allylic tin reagents to chiral 3-substituted 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines activated by acyl chlorides afford anti 1,3-disubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines stereoselectively through high 1,3-asymmetric induction.
Enshuol, a Novel Squalene-derived Pentacyclic Triterpene Alcohol from a New Species of the Red Algal Genus Laurencia
Authors: Matsuo Yoshihide , Suzuki Minoru , Masuda Michio 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The structure of a novel brominated triterpenoid, designated enshuol, from the red alga Laurencia omaezakiana Masuda sp. ined. (Enshu-sozo) was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical reactions of a degradation product.
Callicladol, a Novel Cytotoxic Bromotriterpene Polyether from a Vietnamese Species of the Red Algal Genus Laurencia
Authors: Suzuki Minoru , Matsuo Yoshihide , Takahashi Yoshinori , Masuda Michio 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Callicladol, a novel brominated metabolite has been isolated from Laurencia calliclada Masuda sp. ined., a Vietnamese species of the red algal genus Laurencia. Its structure was deduced from spectral and chemical evidence.
Synthesis and Structure of Nitridotechnetium(V) Complex of Tetradentate Amine Oxime [TcN(pnao)(H2O)]+
Authors: Kani Yuko , Takayama Tsutomu , Inomata Shinji , Sekine Tsutomu , Kudo Hiroshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Nitridotechnetium complex with a tetradentate amine oxime ligand PnAO (propylene amine oxime; 3,3,9,9-tetramethyl-4,8-diazaundecane-2,10-dione dioxime) was synthesized and its structure was determined by X-ray crystallography.
Isomerization of a Linear Pentamine, 1,4,7,10,13-Pentaazatridecane, to a Branched Form, 4-(Aminoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazadecane, on a Schiff-base Copper Complex Relevant to Multi-copper Enzymes
Authors: Motoda Ken-ichiro , Aiba Mika , Kokubo Chiho , Matsumoto Naohide , Okawa Hisashi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The 1:2 Schiff-base of 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol and 1,4,7,10,13-pentaazatridecane formed a tetranuclear assembly complex {Cu(II)-Cu2(II,II)-Cu(II)} possessing a dinuclear Cu2 core and two mononuclear Cu auxiliaries. The two-electron reduction of the complex and reoxidation in air resulted in the formation of a dinuclear Cu2(II,II) complex of a macrocycle comprised of 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol and branched 4-(2-aminoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazadecane (2:2) instead of the linear pentamine.
A Facile Synthesis of Disiloxanes with Functional Groups
Authors: Mori Atsunori , Hishida Tatsuhiro , Soga Yoshiya , Kawakami Yusuke 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A facile synthetic method to obtain mono and difunctionalized disiloxanes, which can be used as various monomers for speciality polymers is described. The ring-opening of cyclic siloxanes with functionalized organometallic reagents followed by quenching with a variety of silyl chlorides gives the functionalized disiloxanes in good to excellent yields.
Alkynyldichlorogalliums are Unstable in Hydrocarbon Solvents Dimerization of Alkynyldichlorogalliums via Carbogallation
Authors: Yamaguchi Masahiko , Hayashi Akio , Hirama Masahiro 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Alkynyldichlorogalliums dimerize in hydrocarbon solvents via carbogallation giving 1,1-dimetallo-1-buten-3-yne derivatives.
Synthesis of a Tetranuclear Manganese Complex with a Cubane Core at the MnIIMnIIIMnIIMnIII Oxidation Level
Authors: Mikuriya Masahiro , Hashimoto Youichi , Kawamori Asako 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A novel tetranuclear manganese(II, III, II, III) complex with 2,6-bis[N-(4-imidazolylethyl)iminomethyl]-4-methylphenol (HL), [Mn4(L)2(O)2(CH3COO)2](ClO4)2·2C2H5OH·2H2O, has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, infrared and electronic absorption spectroscopies, magnetic suscepitibility measurement, and ESR spectroscopy.
Diels-Alder Reaction of 3-Methylthiofuran and Transformation of the Cycloadducts to Substituted Cyclohexenols
Authors: Yamamoto Ichiro , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene derivatives are prepared by the Diels-Alder reaction employing 3-methylthiofuran as a diene component. A chiral titanium catalyst promotes the Diels-Alder reaction in good enantioselectivity. The cycloadducts are converted to highly functionalized cyclohexenols by treatment with silyl enol ethers and t-butyldimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 4,5-Dihydro-1,3-thiazole and 4H-5,6-Dihydro-1,3-thiazine Derivatives
Authors: Yasuda Nobuyuki , Karikomi Michinori , Toda Takashi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
4-Bromomethyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazoles and 5-bromo-4H-5,6-dithydro-1,3-thiazines were synthesized by intramolecular cyclization of allylthioimidates by the reaction with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) or bromine in dichloromethane at room temperature.
Ligand ENDOR Study of the Trigonal Bipyramidal Copper Complexes, [Cu(tren)NH3](ClO4)2 and [Cu(tren)NCS]SCN in the Powder State (tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine)
Authors: Ehsan Muhammad Qamrul , Ohba Yasunori , Yamauchi Seigo , Iwaizumi Masamoto 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The HFC and NQC constants for all the coordinating atoms of the ligand tren, tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, in the trigonal bipyramidal (tbp) copper complexes [Cu(tren)NH3](ClO4)2 1 and [Cu(tren)NCS]SCN 2 have been determined from the angle selected ENDOR study in the powder state. The spin distribution and the metal ligand bonding nature in the copper (tbp) complexes are discussed.
Selective Molecular Recognition of Disaccharides by a Biphenyldiboronic Acid at the Air - Water Interface
Authors: Dusemund Claus , Mikami Masafumi , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A biphenyldiboronic acid derivative can be used for molecular recognition of disaccharides at the air-water interface. Disaccharides are detected selectively because of the fixed distance between the boronic acid moieties in the molecule and the organized structure of the monolayer.
Ring-Opening Polymerization of 1,1,2,2-Tetramethyl-1,2-disilacyclopentane via Palladium Complex-Catalyzed Si-Si Bond Metathesis
Authors: Uchimaru Yuko , Tanaka Yoshifumi , Tanaka Masato 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of 1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-1,2-disilacyclopentane was found to proceed in the presence of catalytic amounts of a Pd complex (PdCl2(dppb) or PbCl2(dbpb)) and 1,2-difluoro-1,1,2,2-tetramethyldisilane to effectively give a high molecular weight polymer (Mw &gt; 3 × 105).
Mass Spectroscopic Studies on Ion-Molecule Reactions of CF3+ with Benzene and Toluene at Near-Thermal Energy
Authors: Tsuji Masaharu , Aizawa Masato , Nishimura Yukio 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Gas-phase ion-molecule reactions of CF3+ with C6H6 and C6H5CH3 have been studied at near-thermal energy by using an ion-beam apparatus. The C7H5F2+(93.4 ± 2.2%) and C6H5+(6.6 ± 2.2%) ions are produced for the reaction with C6H6, while the C8H7F2+(84.3 ± 2.4%), C7H8+(7.8 ± 1.5%), and C7H7+(7.9 ± 2.0%) ions are formed for the reaction with C6H5CH3.
Novel Pentanuclear Iron(III) Complex with 2,6-Bis(salicylideneaminomethyl)-4-methylphenol
Authors: Mikuriya Masahiro , Nakadera Keiichi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A pentanuclear iron(III) complex with 2,6-bis(salicylideneaminomethyl)-4-methylphenol (H3L), [Fe5(L)2(O)(OH)2(CH3COO)5(dmf)]·C6H6·2H2O (dmf = dimethylformamide) has been synthesized and characterized by magnetic susceptibilities (5–300 K). The X-ray crystal structure analysis has demonstrated that it consists of pentanuclear units where the Fe5 framework has roughly a rectangular-based pyramidal geometry.
Preparation and Structure of Dichloropalladium(II) Complexes of Sterically Protected Diphosphinidenecyclobutenes and Their Synthetic Application as Homogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Toyota Kozo , Masaki Kazuto , Abe Tetsuya , Yoshifuji Masaaki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Sterically protected 3,4-bis[(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)phosphinidene]cyclobutenes reacted with bis(acetonitrile)dichloropalladium(II) to give the corresponding dichloropalladium complexes and the structure of one of the complexes was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The complexes were utilized as a homogeneous catalyst in the coupling reaction of trimethylsilylacetylene and 1-bromo-4-nitrobenzene.