bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of ultrasound in synovial fluid analysis
Authors: Dorner Robert W. , Gantner George E. , Uddin Jamal , Zuckner Jack 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasound is proposed as a means of reducing synovial fluid viscosity. Ultrasound reduced the relative viscosity of synovial fluid as satisfactorily as hyaluronidase digestion. Comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment and of testicular hyaluronidase treatment on various constituents of synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis revealed no significant difference with respect to (1) the titer of rheumatoid factor as determined by the latex and sensitized sheep cell tests, (2) the serum protein distribution as determined by cellulose acetate and paper electrophoresis, and (3) the beta‐glucuronidase and acid phosphatase activities.
Standardization of the sheep cell agglutination test the use of pooled reference sera and hemagglutination trays
Authors: Cathcart Edgar S. , O'sullivan John B. , Lincoln Grace 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn accurate and time‐saving method of performing the Waaler‐Rose test has been developed. The present paper describes in detail the technic and the experimental justification for certain modifications that were used, particularly the method of reading titration end points in perspex hemagglutination trays. Laboratory intercomparability of results was attained by standardizing the test against pooled reference sera.
Salicylate inhibition of cartilage degeneration
Authors: Simmons David P. , Donald Chrisman O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSodium salicylate significantly inhibits the ability of saline extracts of human articular cartilage to decrease the viscosity of chondromucoprotein. Two groups of rabbits were subjected to superficial scarification of their knee articular cartilage. Those rabbits receiving sodium salicylate in their diets did not develop many of the degenerative changes seen in the untreated animals. Salicylate inhibition of chondromucoprotein degradation in vitro and cartilage degeneration in vivo has been shown for the first time.
The effect of penicillamine on the laboratory parameters in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Jaffe Israeli A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐one patients with rheumatoid arthritis were given penicillamine for periods of four to six months, and the changes in RF titer, ESR, and CRP were measured weekly. An improvement in one or more of these parameters from their initial values was found in most of the patients at the time the agent was terminated. A review of the related literature, as well as original observations, suggests several possible explanations for the mechanism of action of the drug.
The treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis with disodium edetate
Authors: Mongan Edward S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour patients with biopsy‐proven progressive systemic sclerosis received six month courses of intravenous disodium edetate therapy. Extensive clinical and laboratory studies were performed prior to therapy, at the completion of therapy, and after an additional six month period during which only supportive measures were used. No consistent improvement was noted in any of the treated patients.
Reactions of Aggregated Mercaptoethanol Treated Gamma Globulin with Rheumatoid Factor Precipitin and Complement Fixation Studies
Authors: Zvaifler Nathan J. , Schur Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReduction and alkylation of human gamma globulin prior to aggregation results in a loss of complement‐fixing ability, and retention of the capacity to react with rheumatoid factor. The addition of aggregated, reduced gamma globulin to serum containing high tilers of rheumatoid factor produces a typical bell‐shaped precipitin curve with an equivalence point and little precipitate in the region of antigen excess. Since aggregated, reduced gamma globulin fixes little complement by itself, it was possible to determine whether its reaction with rheumatoid factor fixes complement. Under appropriate conditions rheumatoid factor can fix complement. When aggregated, reduced gamma globulin was added to heat‐inactivated sera with varying liters of rheumatoid factor, no fixation of guinea pig or human complement was observed. But preformed complexes of rheumatoid factor and gamma globulin will fix human complement at 37 C. Intradermal injection of 40 m̈g N of aggregated, reduced gamma globulin into control subjects or patients with rheumatoid arthritis produced no immediate or delayed skin reactions.
Demonstration of rheumatoid factor in tissue by mixed agglutination with tissue sections
Authors: Milde E. J. , TÖNder O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe mixed agglutination procedure was applied to sections of synovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The tissues were examined with three test systems: 1) Sheep erythrocytes sensitized by rabbit antiserum, 2) human O Rh‐positive (CD) erythrocytes sensitized by anti‐Rh serum “Ripley,” and 3) rabbit erythrocytes sensitized with mercaptoethanol‐treated pooled human serum. Adsorption of the sensitized cells to the tissue sections was obtained in most of the cases. This mixed agglutination was inhibited by denatured Γ‐globulin and by antibodies to γM, indicating that the reaction depended on RF bound in the synovial tissue. Of 31 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, tissue from 30 gave positive reactions. Tissue from many patients also gave a positive reaction with RF applied to the tissue, indicating that the reactant for RF is bound in the tissue.
Some Observations of Joint Effusions
Authors: Palmer David G. , Myers Donald B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA study has been made of some of the factors involved in the production of joint effusions. The intra‐articular hydrostatic pressure appeared to be the best measure of the disturbance in fluid balance across the damaged synovio‐capillary barrier. The colloidal osmotic pressures of the effusion fluids were not related to the intra‐articular hydrostatic pressures. There was a non‐linear relationship between the protein content and the colloidal osmotic pressure of the synovial fluids. The level of hydrostatic pressure and the nature of the intra‐articular fluid were of importance in promoting the passage of fluid from the joint cavity. Preliminary observations indicated that it should prove possible to relate some of the characteristics of an effusion to the histological appearances of the synovial membrane.
Effect of Gold Salts and Other Drugs on the Release and Activity of Lysosomal Hydrolases
Authors: Ennis Robert S. , Granda Jose Luis , Posner Aaron S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAcetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, phen‐ylbutazone, gold thiomalate and gold thioglucose had no protective effect on the release of hydrolases from lysosomes. Only the gold compounds produced a marked inhibition of acid phosphatase, /8‐glucuronidase and cathepsin, obtained from both rabbit liver lysosomes and human synovial fluid. This inhibition is reversible by the addition of a sulfhydryl compound. It is suggested that a possible mechanism of gold action in rheumatoid arthritis is the inhibition of intra‐articular hydrolases.
Elimination of Na131I from the head and the neck of the femur in unaffected and osteoarthritic hip joints
Authors: Hernborg Jerker 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe elimination of Na131I from the head and the neck of the femur was determined in 14 cases of hip osteoarthritis and in 28 control subjects. The rate of elimination was significantly decreased in the osteoarthritic femoral heads. The finding was interpreted to be due to impaired capillary circulation.
Reactivity of rheumatoid factor with autologous IgG antibodies
Authors: Bandilla Klaus K. , McDuffie Frederic C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPatients with rheumatoid arthritis and normal subjects were immunized with sheep cell stromata. The isolated rheumatoid factor (RF) from 6 patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed reactivity with autologous IgG anti‐sheep cell antibody coated onto sheep erythrocytes, whereas the whole serum failed to agglutinate antibody coated cells. The Gm type of the antibody, denaturation, and antigen‐antibody complex formation could be excluded as factors leading to autoreactivity. Inhibition studies suggested that RF has a greater affinity for autologous native IgG than for isologous IgG.
The relationship of rheumatoid factor to age of onset in Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hanson Vergil , Rexler Elizabeth D. , Kornreich Helen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a prospective study of 110 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, the incidence of rheumatoid factor was shown to be clearly related to age at onset. Only 3.8 per cent of children with onset before 4 years of age had positive tests by the latex fixation method, compared to 25.6 per cent with onset from 4 to 12 years of age and 77.8 per cent with onset between 12 and 16 years of age. These differences were confirmed by the SSC method, and the differences were statistically highly significant.
Giant cell arteritis with polymyalgia rheumatica, loss of vision, and abdominal symptoms occurring during a four year course
Authors: Simkin Peter A. , Healey L. A. , Pearson Carl M. , Simkin Peter A. , Healey L. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 75‐year‐old man presented with symptoms suggesting polymyalgia rheumatica. During the following 4 year period he suffered temporal arteritis with visual loss and weight loss with abdominal symptoms of cramps and diarrhea, each episode separated by asymptomatic periods when his erythrocyte sedimentation rate was normal. Prednisone ultimately controlled his symptoms, and his erythrocyte sedimentation rate improved.
Murine amyloid. II. Transfer of an amyloid‐accelerating substance
Authors: Willerson James T. , Gordon Joyce K. , Talal Norman , Barth Werner F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe transfer of an amyloid‐accelerating substance in several different mouse strains is described. The relative ease of transfer was strain‐dependent. Nitrogen mustard enhanced amyloid deposition but was not necessary in one strain. Liver and lung as well as spleen cell suspensions and subcellular fractions from mice treated with casein were able to transfer the amyloid‐promoting material. Endotoxin may be used interchangeably with casein for the induction of amyloidosis in the donor mice with comparable transfer results. The possible mechanisms involved in “amyloid transfer” are discussed.
Leukocyte‐connective tissue cell interaction. II. The specificity, duration, and mechanism of interaction effects
Authors: Castor C. William , Yaron Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman fibroblasts grown in vitro as monolayer cultures were “activated” by syngeneic lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and fibroblasts as well as by allogeneic leukocytes, human embryonic kidney cells, fibroblasts, and thrombocytes. “Activation” was characterized by increased medium acidity, increased glucose uptake, increased lactate formation, and marked stimulation of hyaluronic acid formation. The “activation” process was blocked by preincubation with actinomycin D, but not by incubation with 2,4 dinitrophenol. “Activated” fibroblasts continued to exhibit increased mucopolysaccharide synthesis for 5 to 28 days following a single exposure to stimulatory materials.
Anterior occipitocervical fusion in rheumatoid arthritis: Report of a Case
Authors: deAndrade J. Robin , Macnab Ian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of rheumatoid arthritis with cervical spine involvement leading to quadriparesis is reported. Cord pressure necessitated laminectomy to achieve decompression. This was done with a partial reversal of the neurological abnormalities. Since structural disease of bone was present, stabilization was mandatory. The laminectomy had rendered posterior fusion unlikely to succeed; hence a method was devised to fuse the occipital and upper cervical region from the front through an extraoral approach.
The inhibition of adjuvant disease in rats by the interferon‐inducing agent pyran copolymer
Authors: Kapusta M. A. , Mendelson J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of pyran copolymer, a synthetic polyanionic interferon inducer, was studied in adjuvant‐induced disease in rats. This agent was shown to induce interferon in Sprague‐Dawley and CD®F rats and to inhibit adjuvant‐induced arthritis in both species of rats. Splenomegaly was inhibited in CD®F rats. Based on the time at which single injections were most effective, pyran did not seem to have an antiinflammatory effect and its action was different from antilymphocyte serum. These data open the question of the role of a virus or virus‐like microorganism in the pathogenesis of adjuvant disease. A hypothesis reconciling immune participation in this disease with the role of a possible infectious agent is presented.
Mechanism of complement binding by the red cell in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Gilliland Bruce C. , Turner Elizabeth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRed cells of 8 rheumatoid arthritis patients, reactive with an anti‐complement serum only, were shown to have a dissociable factor capable of inducing complement fixation to normal red cells in vitro. Red cells coated with complement in vitro by exposure to autologous low ionic strength serum or by the action of cold agglutinins did not induce complement fixation to normal red cells. It is postulated that the complement fixation to red cells in vivo observed in these patients is mediated by small amounts of red cell autoantibodies or antigen‐antibody complexes.
The removal of aggregated and nonaggregated autologous gamma globulin from rheumatoid joints
Authors: Sliwinski Anthony J. , Zvaifler Nathan J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe removal of proteins from the knee joints of patients with rheumatoid and osteoarthritis was studied. IgG is removed at the same rate as albumin. Reduction of IgG with 2‐mercaptoethanol does not alter this rate. Heat aggregation of reduced IgG enhances, rather than retards, its removal from the joint. This enhancement was noted in both rheumatoid and osteoarthritic joints. No articular inflammation was produced with the intraarticular injection of autologous or homologous reduced IgG in aggregated or nonaggregated forms.
Negative result: Treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with gamma globulin: A double‐blind controlled study
Authors: Herman Jerome H. , Jasin Hugo E. , Smiley J. Donald , Ziff Morris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBecause agammaglobulinemic patients show a markedly increased incidence of a rheumatoid‐like arthritis, which improves after γ globulin treatment, the clinical and serological changes resulting from repeated injections of pooled human γ globulin given to adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis have been evaluated in a controlled, double‐blind study. No significant beneficial effects on laboratory or clinical parameters were observed. However, 2 of the 10 patients treated developed precipitating antibody to a β globulin component of the γ globulin preparation given.
Rheumatoid arthritis, dysproteinemic arthropathy, and paraproteinemia
Authors: Zawadzki Zbigniew A. , Benedek Thomas G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of clinical and immunochemical studies of 16 patients with rheumatoid disease and 2 with secondary joint disease who had coexistent para‐proteinemias are presented. The former include 8 cases of lanthanic dysimmuno‐globulinemia, 6 cases of multiple myeloma, and one case each of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and heavy‐chain disease. The latter group consisted of 2 patients with multiple myeloma in whom dysproteinemic arthropathy developed. Other primary neoplasms occurred in 6 of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The onset of rheumatoid arthritis antedated the detection of para‐proteinemia by 1 to 44 years (average 15). Prolonged antigenic stimulation manifested by rheumatoid arthritis is discussed as a possible pathogenetic factor in the evolution of immunoproliferative disorders.
CRST syndrome and “neuropathic” arthropathy
Authors: Karten Irving 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 48‐year‐old woman had features of the CRST variant of systemic sclerosis as well as a severe “neuropathic” arthropathy. No underlying neurologic disorder could be found with certainty. She denied the existence of joint pain, and it is suggested that hysterical indifference to joint pain aggravated the otherwise mild arthritis of systemic sclerosis.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte motility in vitro. IV. colchicine inhibition of chemotactic activity formation after phagocytosis of urate crystals
Authors: Phelps Paulding 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPhagocytosis of urate crystals by polymorphynuclear leukocytes has previously been reported to be associated with the generation of a substance chemotactic for distant polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In the present studies, the chemotactic substance was not dialyzable and was not found after freeze‐thawing normal cells. It was detectable approximately 11 min after crystals were added to polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and the amount generated was proportional to the phagocytosis of crystals. Colchicine suppressed the generation of this chemotactic substance.
99m Technetium scintiphotography in arthritis. II. its nonspecificity and clinical and roentgenographic correlations in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mccarty Daniel J. , Polcyn Robert E. , Collins Phillip A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTechnetium‐99m scintiphotography of the hands, wrists and knee joints of 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) showed abnormal localization of isotope in one or more synovial structures in 96% of hands, in 94% of wrists and in 74% of knees. The results of scintiphotography correlated well with clinical assessment of synovial thickening and tenderness in the proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of 9 consecutive RA patients. Scintiphotography proved more sensitive than clinical examination only in knee joints; in 2 patients clinical involvement was antedated by positive scintiphotos. Joint visualization after intravenous pertechnetate was nonspecific, and positive scintigrams were obtained in other diseases associated with increased articular or periarticular vascularity. The technic is definitely useful in the serial evaluation of the results of local medical and surgical treatment of arthritis and as an aid in the diagnosis of psychogenic rheumatism.
Platyspondyly, polyarticular osteoarthritis, and absent β‐2‐globulin in two brothers
Authors: Martin Frcp John R. , Macewan Frcp D. W. , Antoine Blais J. , Metrakos Julius , Gold Phil , Langer Frederick , Hill R. O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPhysical, radiologic, and laboratory findings in 2 brothers with a cartilagenous dysplasia have been presented. The most striking findings were platyspondyly, flattening of the metacarpal and metatarsal heads, and a symmetrical polyarticular osteoarthritis. No β‐2‐globulin was demonstrated in their sera. Two cases in siblings, an otherwise negative family history, and parental consanguinity suggest an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
Diplopia and loss of accommodation due to chloroquine
Authors: Rubin Melvin L. , Thomas William C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImpaired visual accommodation is a frequently occurring complication of chloroquine therapy. The present report describes a patient whose ocular function was assessed serially during chloroquine administration. Impaired convergence and loss of accommodative amplitude developed several weeks after beginning chloroquine treatment; the magnitude of these alterations in ocular function was dose related. Chloroquine‐induced changes persisted during therapy, but ocular function returned to pretreatment limits 1 week after discontinuing the drug.
Chronic iridocyclitis in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Calabro John J. , Richard Parrino G. , Atchoo Peter D. , Marchesano Joseph M. , Goldberg Leonard S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring a 10‐year period, chronic iridocyclitis occurred in 8 of 100 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. It was an initial manifestation in 1 patient and occurred 1–8 years after onset in 7. Three patients had a recurrence. Children at greatest risk have the least arthritis. For early detection of the frequently insidious and recurrent iridocyclitis, regular slit lamp examinations are recommended to help prevent blindness due to band keratopathy and/or cataract.
Formation of leukocyte inclusions in normal polymorphonuclear cells incubated with synovial fluid
Authors: Hurd Eric R. , Lospalluto Joseph , Ziff Morris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal polymorphonuclear cells phagocytosed IgG, IgM and β1c (C3)‐containing inclusions from the majority of rheumatoid factor‐positive synovial f.uids, but not from factor‐negative fluids, as determined by fluorescent antibody staining. Addition of rheumatoid factor (but not Waldenström IgM) to factor‐negative rheumatoid fluids produced phagocytosable complexes of similar composition in these fluids, indicating the presence of altered IgG in factor‐negative as well as factor‐positive rheumatoid effusions. Inclusions were infrequently phagocytosed from nonrheumatoid effusions.
Immunologic effects of cyclophosphamide treatment in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Paul Alepa F. , Zvaifler Nathan J. , Sliwinski Anthony J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNine patients with advanced, active rheumatoid arthritis were treated from 4 to 15 months with cyclophosphamide. Eight of the 9 patients had a good to excellent clinical response. Rheumatoid factor titer, serum immunoglobulins and the in vitro lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen and specific antigens decreased with treatment. No direct correlation could be made between the degree of clinical response and the degree of depression of any of the immunologic parameters. The cyclophosphamide‐induced suppression of the in vitro lymphocyte response does not appear to be due to a serum factor.
Synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mongan Edward S. , Boger William M. , Gilliland Bruce C. , Meyerowitz Sanford 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe consensus of three physicians regarding the results of 84 synovectomies performed in the joints of 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis was obtained; 43 joints were considered better, 17 unchanged, and 24 worse than they were before surgery. At an average of 2.5 years after surgery, synovial swelling recurred in 70% of the joints; in 67%, there was evidence of radiographic progression in the operated joint. These data suggest that synovectomy temporarily slows the disease in the operated joint but that the rheumatoid process probably will recur eventually.
Excessive purine synthesis and neurologic dysfunction in children
Authors: Sorensen L. B. , Kawahara F. , Chow D. , Benke P. J. , Coben L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractClinical and biochemical features in four boys with neurologic dysfunction and excessive uric acid production are reported. Three boys with the Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome had about 2% of normal activity of HG‐PRTase in red blood cells. On the basis of clinical manifestations and enzyme studies, the fourth patient had a separate biochemical defect. Azathioprine and allopurinol failed to suppress purine biosynthesis in either condition. The children were exquisitely sensitive to the uricogenic effect of 2‐ethylamino‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole. The mother of a boy with Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome had marginally increased glycine‐14C incorporation into uric acid, with an isotopic pattern intermediate between those observed in the Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome and in normals.