bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microarray and cDNA sequence analysis of transcription during nerve-dependent limb regeneration
Authors: Monaghan James R , Epp Leonard G , Putta Srikrishna , Page Robert B , Walker John A , Beachy Chris K , Zhu Wei , Pao Gerald M , Verma Inder M , Hunter Tony , Bryant Susan V , Gardiner David M , Harkins Tim T , Voss S Randal 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Background

Microarray analysis and 454 cDNA sequencing were used to investigate a centuries-old problem in regenerative biology: the basis of nerve-dependent limb regeneration in salamanders. Innervated (NR) and denervated (DL) forelimbs of Mexican axolotls were amputated and transcripts were sampled after 0, 5, and 14 days of regeneration.

Results

Considerable similarity was observed between NR and DL transcriptional programs at 5 and 14 days post amputation (dpa). Genes with extracellular functions that are critical to wound healing were upregulated while muscle-specific genes were downregulated. Thus, many processes that are regulated during early limb regeneration do not depend upon nerve-derived factors. The majority of the transcriptional differences between NR and DL limbs were correlated with blastema formation; cell numbers increased in NR limbs after 5 dpa and this yielded distinct transcriptional signatures of cell proliferation in NR limbs at 14 dpa. These transcriptional signatures were not observed in DL limbs. Instead, gene expression changes within DL limbs suggest more diverse and protracted wound-healing responses. 454 cDNA sequencing complemented the microarray analysis by providing deeper sampling of transcriptional programs and associated biological processes. Assembly of new 454 cDNA sequences with existing expressed sequence tag (EST) contigs from the Ambystoma EST database more than doubled (3935 to 9411) the number of non-redundant human-A. mexicanum orthologous sequences.

Conclusion

Many new candidate gene sequences were discovered for the first time and these will greatly enable future studies of wound healing, epigenetics, genome stability, and nerve-dependent blastema formation and outgrowth using the axolotl model.
Lung inflammation and genotoxicity following pulmonary exposure to nanoparticles in ApoE-/- mice
Authors: Jacobsen Nicklas Raun , Møller Peter , Jensen Keld Alstrup , Vogel Ulla , Ladefoged Ole , Loft Steffen , Wallin Håkan 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Background
The toxic and inflammatory potential of 5 different types of nanoparticles were studied in a sensitive model for pulmonary effects in apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE-/-). We studied the effects instillation or inhalation Printex 90 of carbon black (CB) and compared CB instillation in ApoE-/- and C57 mice. Three and 24 h after pulmonary exposure, inflammation was assessed by mRNA levels of cytokines in lung tissue, cell composition, genotoxicity, protein and lactate dehydrogenase activity in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.

Results
Firstly, we found that intratracheal instillation of CB caused far more pulmonary toxicity in ApoE-/- mice than in C57 mice. Secondly, we showed that instillation of CB was more toxic than inhalation of a presumed similar dose with respect to inflammation in the lungs of ApoE-/- mice. Thirdly, we compared effects of instillation in ApoE-/- mice of three carbonaceous particles; CB, fullerenes C60 (C60) and single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as well as gold particles and quantum dots (QDs). Characterization of the instillation media revealed that all particles were delivered as agglomerates and aggregates. Significant increases in Il-6, Mip-2 and Mcp-1 mRNA were detected in lung tissue, 3 h and 24 h following instillation of SWCNT, CB and QDs. DNA damage in BAL cells, the fraction of neutrophils in BAL cells and protein in BAL fluid increased statistically significantly. Gold and C60 particles caused much weaker inflammatory responses.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that ApoE-/- model is sensitive for evaluating particle induced inflammation. Overall QDs had greatest effects followed by CB and SWCNT with C60 and gold being least inflammatory and DNA-damaging. However the gold was used at a much lower mass dose than the other particles. The strong effects of QDs were likely due to Cd release. The surface area of the instilled dose correlated well the inflammatory response for low toxicity particles.
Anorexia nervosa: from purgative behaviour to nephropathy. a case report
Authors: Manzato Emilia , Mazzullo Maria , Gualandi Malvina , Zanetti Tatiana , Scanelli Giovanni 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Background
Individuals who suffer from Anorexia Nervosa refuse to maintain a minimally normal body weight, are intensely afraid of gaining weight and exhibit a significant disturbance in the perception of the shape and size of their body. Postmenarchal females with this disorder are amenorrohic. In the Binge-Eating/Purging subtype individuals regularly engage in binge eating and purging behaviour (i.e self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas).
Hypokalaemia is often seen in chronic Anorexia Nervosa, especially that of the purging type (ANp), and, as well as electrocardiographic anomalies, this can lead to tubulointerstitial nephritis (hypokalaemic nephropathy) with typical histological characteristics. The physiopathological mechanisms behind this damage are linked to altered stimulation of vasoactive mediators, and to the ammonium-mediated activation of the alternative complement pathway. However, it has not yet been ascertained whether a variant of the pathway specific for ANp [1], exists.

Case presentation
We describe herein a case of hypokalaemic nephropathy in a patient affected by chronic ANp who presented to our Centre for Eating Disorders.

Conclusion
Hypokalaemia can provoke cardiovascular alterations as well as muscular and renal complications, and thus potential renal damage needs to be investigated in patients suffering from long-term purgative anorexia.
Stauffer's syndrome as a prominent manifestation of renal cancer: a case report
Authors: Kranidiotis Georgios P , Voidonikola Paraskevi T , Dimopoulos Meletios K , Anastasiou-Nana Maria I 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Background
Renal cell carcinoma is associated with a wide spectrum of para-neoplastic syndromes, which may be precursors of primary or recurrent disease. Non-metastatic hepatic dysfunction in patients suffering from renal cell carcinoma is known as Stauffer's syndrome. It is associated with the production of cytokines by the tumour, and several biochemical abnormalities, including elevated serum alkaline phosphatase.

Case presentation
We describe a 36-year-old woman presenting with various non-specific, systemic disease manifestations, and elevated liver enzymes due to cholestasis as the main laboratory abnormality. Imaging studies showed a solid mass in the left kidney, which, after surgical excision, was identified as renal cell carcinoma. No metastasis was found.

Conclusion
Stauffer syndrome may precede other manifestations of renal cell carcinoma. In case of unexplained abnormal liver function, particularly in presence of systemic symptoms, underlying renal cell carcinoma should be excluded by focused investigations.
Impact of the Methotrexate Administration Dose on the Need for Intrathecal Treatment in Children and Adolescents With Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma: Results of a Randomized Trial of the EICNHL Group
Authors: Brugières Laurence , Le Deley Marie-Cécile , Rosolen Angelo , Williams Denise , Horibe Keizo , Wrobel Grazyna , Mann Georg , Zsiros Jozsef , Uyttebroeck Anne , Marky Ildiko , Lamant Laurence , Reiter Alfred 
Published: January 2009

Purpose To compare the efficacy and safety of two methotrexate doses and administration schedules in children with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL). Patients and Methods This randomized trial for children with ALCL was based on the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma–Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster 90 (NHL-BFM90) study protocol and compared six courses of methotrexate 1 g/m2 over 24 hours and an intrathecal injection (IT) followed by folinic acid rescue at 42 hours (MTX1 arm) with six courses of methotrexate 3 g/m2 over 3 hours followed by folinic acid rescue at 24 hours without IT (MTX3 arm). This trial involved most European pediatric/lymphoma study groups and a Japanese group. Results Overall, 352 patients (96% ALK positive) were recruited between 1999 and 2005; 175 were randomly assigned to the MTX1 arm, and 177 were assigned to the MTX3 arm. Ninety-two percent of patients received protocol treatment. Median follow-up time is 3.7 years. Event-free survival (EFS) curves were superimposed with 2-year EFS rates (73.6% and 74.5% in the MTX1 and MTX3 arms, respectively; hazard ratio = 0.98; 91.76% CI, 0.69 to 1.38). Two-year overall survival rates were 90.1% and 94.9% in MTX1 and MTX3, respectively. Only two CNS relapses occurred (both in the MTX1 arm). Toxicity was assessed after 2,050 courses and included grade 4 hematologic toxicity after 79% and 64% of MTX1 and MTX3 courses, respectively (P < .0001); infection after 50% and 32% of courses, respectively (P < .0001); and grade 3 to 4 stomatitis after 21% and 6% of courses, respectively (P < .0001). Conclusion The results of the NHL-BFM90 study were reproduced in this large international trial. The methotrexate schedule of the NHL-BFM90 protocol including IT therapy can be safely replaced by a less toxic schedule of methotrexate 3 g/m2 in a 3-hour infusion without IT therapy.
Sequential Testing Approach As an Efficient and Easier Alternative for the Validation of New Predictive Technologies in the Clinic
Authors: Beam Craig A. , Gao Weihua , Macias Virgilia , Liang Weimin , Kajdacsy Balla André 
Published: January 2009

Purpose When clinicians contemplate the use of a new predictive technology in their practice, such as a nomogram, there is always a question of whether the new test is beneficial to their own clinical population. Unfortunately, traditional validation methods require a large number of subjects for validation testing and delay the decision-making process. We present an efficient and easy-to-use method based on the concept of sequential data analysis. Patients and Methods We illustrate with an example determining the validity of a technology for predicting Gleason score upgrading from biopsy to postprostatectomy (the Chun nomogram) in a clinical population different from the one used to initially validate the technology. Clinical data required by the Chun nomogram were available from 201 patients from the Cooperative Prostate Cancer Tissue Resource. Results Of 124 patients predicted by the Chun nomogram to have an upgrading event, 47 actually did. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the model was therefore 38% and significantly (P < .05) less than the value of 80% which we considered to be the smallest clinically useful PPV in this situation. Had the sequential methods introduced in this article been employed prospectively in this cohort, the same conclusion would have been reached using data from only the first 15 patients. Conclusion In-clinic validation of predictive technologies will help the clinician adopt truly beneficial technologies and avoid the adoption of technologies which provide no significant benefit to their local patient population. For this task, sequential methods offer clear advantages.
Phase II Trial of the Combination of Bevacizumab and Erlotinib in Patients Who Have Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Thomas Melanie B. , Morris Jeffrey S. , Chadha Romil , Iwasaki Michiko , Kaur Harmeet , Lin Elinor , Kaseb Ahmed , Glover Katrina , Davila Marta , Abbruzzese James 
Published: January 2009

Purpose The study objective was to determine the proportion of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with the combination of bevacizumab (B) and erlotinib (E) who were alive and progression free at 16 weeks (16-week progression-free survival [PFS16]) of continuous therapy. Secondary objectives included response rate, median PFS, survival, and toxicity. Patients and Methods Patients who had advanced HCC that was not amenable to surgical or regional therapies, up to one prior systemic treatment; Childs-Pugh score A or B liver function; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0, 1, or 2 received B 10 mg/kg every 14 days and E 150 mg orally daily, continuously, for 28-day cycles. Tumor response was evaluated every 2 cycles by using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Group criteria. A total of 40 patients were treated. Results The primary end point of PFS16 was 62.5%. Ten patients achieved a partial response for a confirmed overall response rate (intent-to-treat) of 25%. The median PFSevent was 39 weeks (95% CI, 26 to 45 weeks; 9.0 months), and the median overall survival was 68 weeks (95% CI, 48 to 78 weeks; 15.65 months). Grades 3 to 4 drug-related toxicity included fatigue (n = 8; 20%), hypertension (n = 6; 15%), diarrhea (n = 4; 10%) elevated transaminases (n = 4; 10%), gastrointestinal hemorrhage (n = 5; 12.5%), wound infection (n = 2; 5%) thrombocytopenia (n = 1; 2.5%), and proteinuria, hyperbilirubinemia, back pain, hyperkalemia, and anorexia (n = 1 each). Conclusion The combination of B + E in patients who had advanced HCC showed significant, clinically meaningful antitumor activity. B + E warrant additional evaluation in randomized controlled trials.
Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Ni–Al LDH Doped with Co and La
Authors: Yang Jianfeng , Zhou Zhentao 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Ni–Al LDH doped with Co and La was prepared by coprecipitation. The sample obtained consisted of loose pellets which were further reunited with masses of smaller particles. Its BET surface area reached 132.5 m2/g and was much larger than that of a sample doped only with Co. The electrode fabricated from it exhibited better electrochemical reversibility, and the proton diffusion coefficient is also much higher.
Visible and Near-infrared Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Using Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Nanjo Daisuke , Shibamoto Kohei , Korenaga Takashi 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
We demonstrated detection of PEG 1000 on a surface of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for surface-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) by irradiating laser pulses with wavelengths of 532 and 1064 nm. We succeeded in observation of molecule-related ion of a coronene with no fragmentation in visible SALDI-MS measurements.
Silica Capillary with Thin Metal (Pd and Pt) Inner Wall: Application to Continuous Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Javaid Rahat , Tanaka David A Pacheco , Kawanami Hajime , Suzuki Toshishige M 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Thin metallic (Pd and Pt) layer was coated over inner wall of silica capillary tube (i.d. φ 0.33mm×100cm) by electroless plating. Rapid and continuous decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was achieved at room temperature simply by passing the solution through the capillary.
Application of FITC-labeled Ternatin on Its Cellular Localization in 3T3-L1 Murine Preadipocytes
Authors: Shimokawa Kenichiro , Ohno Osamu , Yamada Kaoru , Oba Yuichi , Uemura Daisuke 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
The cellular localization of a potent fat-accumulation inhibitor (−)-ternatin was investigated. FITC-labeled ternatin, a chemical probe for current study, was synthesized from a highly bioactive ternatin analogue using Click Chemistry, which was found to be bioactive. The treatment of 3T3-L1 murine preadipocytes with synthetic probe revealed that (−)-ternatin is localized in a specific organelle of 3T3-L1 cells.
Association of Uranyl Ions with Amino Functional Groups
Authors: Kozai Naofumi , Ohnuki Toshihiko 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
We investigated the adsorption of uranyl ions (UO22+) on amino functional groups at various pH values using amino group-modified silica particles. We found that uranyl ions were associated with the amino groups by forming 1:2 uranyl amino group complexes.
Do Innovations Really Pay Off? Total Stock Market Returns to Innovation
Authors: Sood Ashish , Tellis Gerard J. 
Published: January 2009

Critics often decry an earnings-focused short-term orientation of management that eschews spending on risky, long-term projects such as innovation to boost a firm's stock price. Such critics assume that stock markets react positively to announcements of immediate earnings but negatively to announcements of investments in innovation that have an uncertain long-term pay off. Contrary to this position, we argue that the market's true appreciation of innovation can be estimated by assessing the total market returns to the entire innovation project. We demonstrate this approach via the Fama-French 3-factor model (including Carhart's momentum factor) on 5,481 announcements from 69 firms in five markets and 19 technologies between 1977 and 2006. The total market returns to an innovation project are $643 million, more than 13 times the $49 million from an average innovation event. Returns to negative events are higher in absolute value than those to positive events. Returns to initiation occur 4.7 years ahead of launch. Returns to development activities are the highest and those to commercialization the lowest of all activities. Returns to new product launch are the lowest among all eight events tracked. Returns are higher for smaller firms than larger firms. Returns to the announcing firm are substantially greater than those to competitors across all stages. We discuss the implications of these results.
Optimal Product Line Design When Consumers Exhibit Choice Set-Dependent Preferences
Authors: Orhun A. Yeşim 
Published: January 2009

In a market of consumers with varying willingness to pay, using product line as a discrimination tool may extract higher profits than serving all consumers with a single product. Local context effects, however, point to yet another consideration in designing product lines: how the appeal of a product changes with the context provided by other products in the choice set. I present a model of product line design that incorporates both discrimination and context management goals and offers recommendations for the variety and positioning of products. To this end, the model makes use of a framework that allows preferences to be choice set dependent. Given this framework, I study how the firm manages externalities between products created by such dependencies. The firm creates distortions above and beyond those resulting from discrimination motives alone. For example, in a vertically differentiated market for quality, quality distortions exist even for the consumers with the highest valuations. The range of quality provisions, given the number of products, is compressed as the relative importance of unfavorable comparisons among products increases. Surprisingly, this compression may even lead the firm to forego discrimination among consumers regardless of the cost of offering distinct products.
New kinetics and mechanisms of oxygen delignification observed in a continuous stirred tank reactor
Authors: Ji Yun , Vanska Emilia , van Heiningen Adriaan 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Special oxygen delignification experiments were performed in a differentially operated continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Because the dissolved oxygen and alkali concentrations in the reactor are constant, the rate of lignin removal may be determined from the dissolved lignin content in the outflow stream measured by UV absorption. The delignification kinetics were determined at different temperatures, oxygen pressures and caustic concentrations on softwood kraft pulps of different kappa numbers. The kinetics are first order in residual lignin content [hexenuronic acid (HexA) corrected], and follow a Langmuir-type behavior for adsorption of oxygen on the active aromatic lignin sites. The first order in residual lignin content implies that the active lignin sites are uniformly distributed and have the same reactivity. It is proposed that the active site is the 3 carbon of the aromatic ring, where oxygen reacts to form a hydroperoxide, with a pK
a of almost 2 units higher than that of phenolic lignin. The kinetics of phenolic delignification can be described by assuming that the reaction between adsorbed oxygen and carbon 3 of the aromatic ring is the rate determining step. Alternatively, the decomposition of the hydroperoxide anion is rate determining. Peeling delignification has been proposed as an additional delignification route by peeling of hemicelluloses which have lignin fragments covalently bound to them. It is shown that the impact of peeling delignification is relatively small and limited to the initial delignification phase. Finally, data are presented showing that radicals may provide an essential contribution to delignification by their removal of non-lignin and non-HexA oxidizable structures contributing to the kappa number.
Musical History and Self-Consciousness in Mendelssohn's Octet, Op. 20
Authors: Taylor Benedict 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
The historical past played perhaps a more important role in Mendelssohn's music than in that of any other composer. This article approaches the work traditionally seen as his first major compositional achievement, the Octet in E♭ Major for Strings, op. 20 (1825), from the perspective of the composer's strong historical sense and takes up ideas of musical memory, history, and circular narrative journey as embodied in the cyclical structure of the piece. The Octet enacts a coming to self-consciousness of its own musical history, a process with close parallels in the writings of Goethe and Hegel, both of whom Mendelssohn knew personally. In its cyclical manipulations of musical time, Mendelssohn's Octet sets up a new formal and expressive paradigm for a musical work that would be of major significance for the instrumental music of the later nineteenth century.
Mother Mime: Siegfried, the Fairy Tale, and the Metaphysics of Sexual Difference
Authors: Daub Adrian 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Richard Wagner's Siegfried constitutes something of an anomaly within the Ring cycle: the epic narrative of the Nibelungs and Valsungs grinds to a virtual halt, while two characters, Mime and Siegfried, reenact the fairy tale of the “youth who went forth to learn what fear is.” The fairy tale's mythic framework nevertheless reasserts itself within the fairytale enclosure in the guise of sexuality, in particular sexual difference: As Siegfried begins asking troubling questions about his paternity, Mime is thrust into the role of unitary origin, culminating in his desperate claim that he is Siegfried's “father and mother.” This article explores how exactly Wagner stages the tug of war between Siegfried and Mime over sexual difference, in particular in act I of Siegfried, allying different ways of conceiving descent, knowledge, and love with either the epic or the anti-epic (which Wagner associates with the fairy tale). This turns the generic struggle at the heart of Siegfried into a struggle between two kinds of families laying claim to Siegfried's paternity: the Gods of Valhalla who reproduce sexually, and the Nibelungs who are capable only of asexual reproduction of the self-same. This article argues that Wagner draws on his own speculations on sexuality, race, and history, in particular his idiosyncratic reading of Schopenhauer, to overlay this opposition not only with moral significations, but racial ones as well.