bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wooden orbital foreign body in a Weimaraner
Authors: Hartley Claudia , McConnell J. Fraser , Doust Ross 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA 2‐year‐old, male Weimaraner presented with acute‐onset nonaxial exophthalmos with dorsal deviation of the left globe. Periorbital swelling, pain and a profuse purulent ocular discharge were present on the left side. A draining sinus tract was present in the left ventral conjunctival fornix and another in the left pterygopalatine fossa. The right eye was normal on complete ophthalmic examination. Orbital ultrasonography revealed large, double, linear, parallel echogenic bands with shadowing present in the ventrolateral aspect of the left orbit suggestive of a foreign body. Deformation of the posterior segment was also present. Removal of the orbital foreign body was attempted under ultrasound guidance via the discharging sinuses in the ventral conjunctival fornix and the pterygopalatine fossa. Neither approach was successful; however, a small amount of organic material was retrieved confirming the diagnosis of orbital foreign body. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a linear foreign body of 8 × 1.5 × 0.8 cm extending from the orbit to the level of the oropharynx. A modified lateral orbitotomy with zygomatic arch resection on the left side allowed removal of the wooden foreign body.
Ophthalmic examination findings in a group of retired racing Greyhounds
Authors: Lynch Gwendolyn L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjective  To characterize the frequency and types of ophthalmic findings in a group of retired racing Greyhounds.Materials and methods  Complete ophthalmic examinations of both eyes of 100 retired racing Greyhounds were performed. Anterior segment examinations were performed by slit‐lamp biomicroscopy. Tear production was measured by Schirmer tear test. Intraocular pressures were obtained by applanation tonometry. The posterior segments were examined by binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy following pharmacologic dilation. A photographic record of abnormalities was obtained whenever possible.Results  Mean tear production by Schirmer tear test was 21 mm/min (range 11–30 mm/min). Mean intraocular pressure by applanation tonometry was 16 mmHg (range 9–28 mmHg). The most prevalent anterior segment findings were cataracts (17% dogs, 11% eyes), corneal degeneration/scarring (6% dogs, 4% eyes), and suspected typical and atypical ‘pannus’ (total 4% dogs, 4% eyes). The most prevalent posterior segment abnormalities were vitreal degeneration (31% dogs, 38% eyes) and chorioretinal degeneration/scarring (7% dogs, 4% eyes). Other findings included anterior chamber vitreal strands, stretched lens zonules, periocular alopecia, a case of mild unilateral chemosis, and a distichium.Conclusions  Ophthalmic abnormalities are not uncommon in retired racing Greyhounds.
Retrobulbar dermoid cyst in a horse: a case report
Authors: Muñoz E. , Leiva M. , Naranjo C. , Peña T. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA 4‐year‐old Andalusian horse was presented for examination following a 3‐month history of exophthalmos of the right eye and a soft swelling of the right supraorbital fossa noted after blunt head trauma. Ultrasonographic examination of the swelling showed an anecogenic mass of 5 cm in diameter involving the retrobulbar space. Centesis of the mass through the supraorbital fossa was performed and yielded a serous fluid with 7.2 g/dL of total protein and density of 1040. No cells were seen in the sample. A tentative diagnosis of cyst was made. The cyst was surgically removed and the definitive histologic diagnosis was retrobulbar dermoid cyst. No recurrence has developed 18 months following the complete removal of the cyst capsule. To the authors’ knowledge, there are no previous reports of retrobulbar dermoid cysts in horses. Localization, causes and success of surgical treatment of dermoid cysts are discussed.
Retinal detachment in horses: 40 cases (1998–2005)
Authors: Strobel Brian W. , Wilkie David A. , Gilger Brian C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjective To determine clinical features, ophthalmic examination findings, etiology, treatment, and outcome of horses diagnosed with retinal detachment (RD).Animals studied Forty horses, presented to the North Carolina State University and The Ohio State University Veterinary Teaching Hospitals from 1998 to 2005 that were diagnosed with RD.Procedure(s) Horses with documented RD, confirmed either on ophthalmic examination or by ultrasonography, and with a complete medical record were included. Information retrieved from the medical records included signalment, presenting complaint, duration of clinical signs, ophthalmologic examination findings, diagnostics performed, identified cause of the retinal detachment, treatment given, and outcome.Results Forty horses (46 eyes) were diagnosed with RD. Mean ± SD duration of clinical signs of ocular disease was 10.5 ± 14.7 months. Thirty‐four horses presented with unilateral involvement, 6 with bilateral, 14 with partial and 32 with complete RD. Ultrasonography was used to make the diagnosis in 26 eyes, while RD was diagnosed on routine ocular examination in 20 eyes. Bullous RD was the only type of RD observed, although small vitreal traction bands were considered secondary to the underlying inflammation or trauma. RD caused by equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) was diagnosed in 27 of 40 (67.5%) horses. Trauma‐induced RD involved 10 of the 40 horses (25%). Presenting problems included known ERU (n = 16), acute or progressive vision loss (n = 9), known ocular trauma (n = 6), cataract (n = 6), and a cloudy cornea (n = 3). No horses regained vision after RD despite therapy. Many eyes were enucleated or eviscerated, or the horses were euthanized. Seven eyes with complete RD were noted to be unchanged and comfortable with medical therapy.Conclusions The visual prognosis of RD in horses is grave; however, horses with nontraumatic RD (most commonly ERU) may be able to maintain a comfortable but blind globe with anti‐inflammatory medical therapy.
Postenucleation orbital sialocele in a dog associated with prior parotid duct transposition
Authors: Guinan Justin , Willis A. Michelle , Cullen Cheryl L. , Walshaw Richard 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAn orbital sialocele developed in a dog following enucleation for protracted glaucoma. This eye had historically been treated for keratoconjunctivitis sicca by parotid duct transposition approximately 5 years previously, and the duct was ligated distally at the time of enucleation. One month following enucleation, the dog presented with a fluctuant conical‐shaped swelling ventrolateral to the orbital socket. Surgical exploration revealed a dilated, fibrotic distal portion of the previously transposed parotid duct, and saliva, within the enucleated orbit. The distal portion of the duct and saliva‐containing tissues from within the orbit were excised. The remaining proximal normal portion of the parotid duct was re‐routed into the oral cavity. Clinicopathologic and histologic examination of the excised orbital contents and dilated portion of duct revealed a sterile sample of saliva and moderate chronic periductal fibrosis. At a 6‐month re‐evaluation there was no evidence of recurrence of the sialocele, and the parotid duct was functional.
Effects of topical 2% dorzolamide hydrochloride alone and in combination with 0.5% timolol maleate on intraocular pressure in normal feline eyes
Authors: Dietrich Ursula M. , Chandler Matthew J. , Cooper Tanya , Vidyashankar Anand , Chen Guorong 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjective To evaluate the effect of topical 2% dorzolamide alone, and in combination with topical 0.5% timolol, on intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal cats.Animals Twenty‐four healthy Domestic Short‐haired cats.Procedure Baseline values of IOP were established at 7 am, 10 am, 1 pm, 5 pmand 9 pmduring pretreatment phase (days 1–2). During treatment phase (days 3–10) cats received 2% dorzolamide HCl q 12 h in group A (n = 6), q 8 h in group B (n = 6), and combined with 0.5% timolol maleate q 12 h in group C (n = 6). Cats in control group D (n = 6) received artificial tears q 8 h. During treatment phase IOP measurements were continued at the same time‐points as in the pretreatment phase.Results Mean pretreatment IOP in all cats was 18.46 ± 2.99 mmHg. Mean IOP decreased significantly (P < 0.0086) in all treatment groups compared to pretreatment values (group A: 16.40 ± 0.49 mmHg, group B: 16.04 ± 0.49 mmHg, group C: 17.76 ± 0.49 mmHg). IOP did not decrease in control group D (18.55 ± 0.49 mmHg). The difference in IOP between treatment groups (A, B, C) was not statistically significant, but comparison of IOP between each treatment group and the control group was statistically significant (A–D;P = 0.0057; B–D,P = 0.0012; C–D,P = 0.0212).Conclusion Topical 2% dorzolamide significantly lowers IOP in normal cats but the effect is mild. Concomitant application of 2% dorzolamide and 0.5% timolol does significantly decrease IOP, but the effect is not significantly greater than q 8 h administration of dorzolamide alone.
Recovery of canine retina and optic nerve function after acute elevation of intraocular pressure: implications for canine glaucoma treatment
Authors: Grozdanic Sinisa D. , Matic Milan , Betts Daniel M. , Sakaguchi Donald S. , Kardon Randy H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPurpose To characterize the timing and extent of functional recovery in healthy canine eyes exposed to acute elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP).Methods Acute elevation of IOP was induced in 14 healthy Beagles by elevating IOP above the levels of systolic blood pressure for 60 min (average elevation was between 100 and 160 mmHg). Menace, dazzle and pupillary light reflexes (PLR) were tested at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days post elevation. Optical coherence tomography was used to evaluate retinal thickness preoperatively and at 15 and 30 days post elevation.Results One day post elevation all animals were blind in the operated eye (no positive menace), 5/14 had positive PLR and 10/14 had positive dazzle response. Seven days post elevation 4/14 animals had positive menace response and all animals (14/14) had positive dazzle and PLR responses. Fourteen and 28 days post elevation all animals had positive menace, PLR and dazzle responses. Optical coherence tomography analysis revealed significant thinning of the inferior retina (pre elevation: 156.3 ± 4.8 µm; 15 days post elevation: 125 ± 10.4 µm; 30 days post elevation 123 ± 11.9 µm;P < 0.01,anova). The superior retina, however, did not show any detectable decrease in thickness compared to control eyes (pre elevation: 193.8 ± 2.6 µm; 15 days post elevation: 176.9 ± 8.5 µm; 30 days post elevation 176.9 ± 7 µm;P = 0.057,anova).Conclusions Detailed functional and morphologic analysis revealed precise information about retinal damage after acute elevation of IOP. Canine retina has the capacity to recover at least some visual function even at 14 days after acute elevation of the IOP. More aggressive medical and surgical treatment of canine glaucomatous patients may be indicated despite complete loss of visual function, PLR and dazzle responses in early days after development of an acute glaucomatous attack.
Identification of ocular matrix metalloproteinases present within the aqueous humor and iridocorneal drainage angle tissue of normal and glaucomatous canine eyes
Authors: Weinstein William L. , Dietrich Ursula M. , Sapienza John S. , Carmichael K. Paige , Moore Phillip A. , Krunkosky Thomas M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPurpose  The purpose of this study was to identify the most active matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) within the aqueous humor and iridocorneal angle tissue involved in the normal canine eye, and to compare these results to the MMP activity in dogs with glaucoma.Animal studied  Aqueous humor samples from 32 normal eyes and 26 glaucomatous eyes were obtained through aqueous centesis and analyzed for MMP activity. Iridocorneal angle tissue from 16 enucleated normal canine eyes and 5 enucleated glaucomatous eyes were dissected and homogenized into solution.Procedure  Bradford total protein assays were determined for aqueous humor samples and iridocorneal angle tissue samples. Substrate gelatin zymography was performed using 0.2 µL volumes of an MMP‐2/MMP‐9 control, 2 µL volumes of aqueous humor samples, and 10 µg weights of total protein from iridocorneal angle tissue. The presence of MMP gel bands were identified visually and measured quantitatively by densitometry technique. A statistical analysis was performed on the data using Student's t‐test, multiple logistic Wald's chi‐squared regression, Pearson correlations, and repeated measures analysis.Results  Within the aqueous humor of canine eyes, MMP‐2 latent form was found to be the most relevant MMP. The quantity of latent MMP‐2 within the aqueous humor of the glaucoma samples was significantly increased compared to the normal aqueous samples (P < 0.0001). Glaucoma occurrence was associated with elevated aqueous humor latent MMP‐2 (P = 0.0002). Within the canine iridocorneal angle tissue, MMP‐9 latent form and MMP‐2 active form were found to be the most relevant MMPs. MMP‐2 active form was found to be significantly increased in the glaucoma tissue samples when compared to the normal tissue samples (P = 0.0044). MMP‐9 latent form was also found to be significantly increased in glaucomatous tissue when compared to the normal eyes (P = 0.0002). Tissue MMP‐9 latent form was found to be associated with glaucoma status (P = 0.042).Conclusion  Glaucoma aqueous humor samples expressed a statistically increased latent MMP‐2 when compared to normal eyes. Iridocorneal angle tissue from glaucomatous eyes expressed a statistically significant increase in active MMP‐2 and latent MMP‐9 when compared to normal eyes. These data demonstrate that there is an association between elevated levels of intraocular MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 and the presence of glaucoma.
Where is the Romance for Women Leaders? The Effects of Gender on Leadership Attributions and Performance‐Based Pay
Authors: Kulich Clara , Ryan Michelle K. , Haslam S. Alexander 
Published: October 2007

This paper extends prior research on the romance of leadership by examining (a) whether the romance of leadership holds for women as well as for men, and (b) the impact of the romance of leadership on performance‐based pay. An experimental study (N= 210) suggests that the romance of leadership does exist for both men and women but that the process of pay allocation differs as a function of gender. For a female leader, the allocation of a performance‐related bonus is based on perceptions of her charisma and leadership ability rather than resulting directly from company performance. However, for a male leader bonus allocation reflects the romance of leadership such that improved company performance leads to increased perceived charisma, increased leadership ability, and a larger bonus. Practical implications for the gender pay gap are discussed.Cet article élargit les recherches antérieures sur la romance du leadership en se demandant si celle‐ci vaut aussi pour bien les femmes que pour les hommes et en étudiant l’impact de la romance du leadership sur la rémunération liée à la performance. Une étude expérimentale (N = 210) laisse entendre que la romance du leadership concerne à la fois les hommes et les femmes, mais que la procédure d’attribution du salaire diffère en fonction du genre. Pour une femme leader, l’obtention d’une prime relative à la performance découle plus de la perception de son charisme et de son aptitude au leadership que d’un lien direct avec les résultats de l’entreprise. Alors que pour un leader masculin l’attribution d’une gratification renvoie à la romance du leadership en ce sens que les performances de l’entreprise accentuent le charisme perçu et l’aptitude au leadership, puis débouchent sur une gratification plus substantielle. On réfléchit aux conséquences pratiques en ce qui concerne les différences de salaire en fonction du genre.
Developing a strategy to reduce the high morbidity of patients with long‐term urinary catheters: the BioMed catheter research clinic
Authors: Khan Azhar A. , Mathur Sunil , Feneley Roger , Timoney Anthony G. 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVETo assess the idea of managing patients having problems with long‐term catheterization (LTC, normally used when all other methods of bladder management have failed or are unsuitable) in a dedicated clinic, to present a prospective analysis of consecutive new patients attending between February 2002 and October 2006, and to establish the incidence of bladder stones in patients who have recurrent catheter encrustation and blockage.PATIENTS AND METHODSPatients treated with LTC are a large heterogeneous group, mainly consisting of elderly people who have chronic disabilities, and catheter‐associated complications occur in > 70% of them. In all, 260 consecutive new patients having problems with LTC were assessed; the evaluation consisted of basic demographics, a detailed history, clinical examination, urine analysis and flexible cystoscopy (FC) via the catheterization route. Patients with bladder stones were screened with FC for recurrence of stones at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment.RESULTSIn all, 117 men and 143 women (mean age 67.7 years, range 23–97) were assessed; 147 (55.5%) had catheter encrustation. FC showed that 66 of the 147 patients (45%) had bladder stones. Forty‐eight patients (73%) were successfully treated at the same clinic appointment and their stones were removed with the help of a tip‐less stone basket. Eighteen patients (27%) were referred for inpatient treatment of bladder stones under general anaesthesia. Twenty of 66 patients with bladder stones (30%) formed recurrent bladder stones at a mean (range) follow‐up of 8.1 (3–18 months). In addition, 36 patients had successful insertion of suprapubic catheter (SPC) under local anaesthetic in the clinic, and 11 were referred for SPC insertion under general anaesthesia. Two patients were diagnosed with bladder transitional cell carcinoma.CONCLUSIONThe introduction of a dedicated catheter clinic, equipped with facilities such as FC and a hoist, enables patients to be treated in an environment that meets their needs and potentially reduces the risk of more complex stone removal and catheter problems at a later date. It can also act as a potential source of data for use in research and development. A significant proportion (45%) of patients with catheter encrustation and blockage had formed bladder stones. Our study provides a rationale for FC of all such patients to detect and remove stones.
Major shifts in the treatment and prognosis of prostate cancer due to changes in pathological diagnosis and grading
Authors: Berney Daniel M. , Fisher Gabrielle , Kattan Michael W. , Oliver R. Timothy D. , Møller Henrik , Fearn Paul , Eastham James , Scardino Peter , Cuzick Jack , Reuter Victor E. , Foster Christopher S. ,   Trans‐Atlantic Prostate Group
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVETo examine data on the changes in the accuracy of the diagnosis of prostate cancer and of Gleason grading in the modern era.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe study comprised a pathological review within a multicentre study of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer diagnosed in the UK from 1991 to 1996 (inclusive) and treated by watchful‐waiting or hormonal therapy alone. The clinical follow‐up was available, histopathological appearances were reviewed and the Gleason score at diagnosis was compared with the Gleason score as analysed by a panel of genitourinary pathologists using internationally agreed criteria. In all, 1789 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1991 and 1996 were reviewed, with disease‐specific survival as the main outcome measure.RESULTSIn all, 133 patients (7%) were reassigned a nonmalignant diagnosis. There was a significant reassignment in the Gleason score for those with cancer, with increases of Gleason score across a wide spectrum. In multivariate analysis the revised Gleason score was a more accurate predictor of prognosis than the original score.CONCLUSIONMisdiagnosis and reassignment of Gleason score at diagnosis would have guided clinicians into large‐scale changes in the management of patients. Current rates of misdiagnosis are unknown. If applicable nationally, these changes would have profound effects on the workload of prostate cancer management in the UK.
Oncological efficacy and safety of nephron‐sparing surgery for selected patients with locally advanced renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Margulis Vitaly , Tamboli Pheroze , Jacobsohn Kenneth M. , Swanson David A. , Wood Christopher G. 
Published: October 2007

Authors from the USA evaluated complication and survival rates in a large group of patients who had nephron‐sparing surgery or radical nephrectomy for locally advanced RCC. They found that in a highly selected group of patients with locally advanced disease, nephron‐sparing surgery is safe and has equivalent outcomes to radical nephrectomy.OBJECTIVETo evaluate perioperative complication rates, recurrence‐free and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) in a large group of matched patients who had nephron‐sparing surgery (NSS) or radical nephrectomy (RN) for pT2‐T3bN0M0 renal cell carcinoma (RCC).PATIENTS AND METHODSWith approval from the institutional review board, the institutional nephrectomy database of 3470 patients treated at the authors’ institution from 1990 to 2006 was searched for patients who had NSS or RN for unilateral, sporadic, pathological T2‐T3bN0M0 RCC. Patients with non‐metastatic, node‐negative RCC and a follow‐up of ≥6 months were included in the analysis.RESULTSIn all, 601 patients treated with RN (567) or NSS (34) for pT2‐T3bN0M0 RCC and a mean (median, range) follow‐up of 43.4 (31.8, 6.1–172.6) and 62.1 (37.5, 7.0–192.0) months, respectively, met the study inclusion criteria. Disease recurred in four of 34 (12%) patients treated with NSS and in 164/567 (28.9%) managed with RN at a median of 24.2 and 13.2 months, respectively. There were no local recurrences among patients treated with NSS. On multivariate Cox proportional‐hazards regression analysis, when adjusted for the effects of stage, grade, size and tumour histology, procedure type (NSS vs RN) was not an independent predictor of disease recurrence or RCC‐specific death. Patients treated with NSS had a higher procedure‐related complication rate, but similar estimated intraoperative blood loss, transfusion rate, equal duration of surgical procedure and hospital stay compared with patients managed with RN.CONCLUSIONIn highly selected patients with locally advanced RCC, NSS is safe and provides oncological outcomes equivalent to patients managed with RN.
‘Polyphonic dialogue’ as a means for teaching systemic and social‐constructionist ideas
Authors: Tseliou Eleftheria 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe paper presents the idea of using ‘polyphonic dialogue’, namely Jaakko Seikkula's development of the reflecting team approach, as a way to introduce systemic–social constructionist ideas in the context of academic teaching to ‘audiences’ with little or no familiarity with such ideas.
Behavioral Economics and Perverse Effects of the Welfare State
Authors: Beaulier Scott , Caplan Bryan 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYCritics often argue that government poverty programs perversely make the poor worse off by encouraging unemployment, out‐of‐wedlock births, and other ‘social pathologies.’ However, basic microeconomic theory tells us that you cannot make an agent worse off by expanding his choice set. The current paper argues that familiar findings in behavioral economics can be used to resolve this paradox. Insofar as the standard rational actor model is wrong, additional choices can make agents worse off. More importantly, existing empirical evidence suggests that the poor deviate from the rational actor model to an unusually large degree. The paper then considers the policy implications of our alternative perspective.