bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Canadian seed oils as industrial feedstocks
Authors: Fobert Pierre R. , Smith Mark A. , Zou Jitao , Mietkiewska Elzbieta , Keller Wilfred A. , Taylor David C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractVegetable oils have enormous potential as alternatives and replacements for fossil oil in high‐value industrial applications. A major research thrust in Canada involves delivering the next generation of industrial oil profiles in the seeds of non‐food crucifers. Progress in increasing the range of available fatty acids and improving the chemical homogeneity of Canadian crucifer seed oils are herein reviewed. © 2008 Crown in the Right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Distributed processing of biomass to bio‐oil for subsequent production of Fischer‐Tropsch liquids
Authors: Wright Mark M. , Brown Robert C. , Boateng Akwasi A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study compares centralized processing to distributed processing of biomass for subsequent production of Fischer‐Tropsch liquids (FTLs) at a centralized catalytic synthesis facility. Distributed processing in this study is based on fast pyrolysis to bio‐oils, which are more economically transported to a centralized F‐T plant where bio‐oil is gasi?ed and the syngas catalytically converted to FTLs. The study indicates that a centralized gasi? cation plant can produce FTLs from biomass for $1.56 per gallon of gasoline equivalent (gge) in an optimally sized plant of 550 million gge per year. Three distributed processing systems were investigated based on the scale of biomass processing capacity: ‘on‐farm’ pyrolyzers of 5.4 ton per day (tpd) capacity; ‘small cooperative’ pyrolyzers of 55 tpd capacity, and ‘large cooperative’ pyrolyzers of 550 tpd capacity. Distributed processing is combined with very large centralized bio‐oil processing plants that accept bio‐oil for catalytic upgrading to transportation fuels, achieving costs as low as $1.43 for total fuel production capacities in excess of 2500 million gge. Total capital investment (distributed pyrolyzers and centralized bio‐oil processing plant) for this optimally sized distributed processing system is projected to be $4 billion compared to $1.6 billion for the centralized biomass processing facility. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Catalytic hydrothermal gasification of biomass
Authors: Elliott Douglas C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA recent development in biomass gasification is the use of a pressurized water‐processing environment to avoid drying of the biomass. This paper reviews the research undertaken developing this new option for biomass gasification. This review does not cover wet oxidation or near‐atmospheric‐pressure steam‐gasification of biomass. Laboratory research on hydrothermal gasification of biomass focusing on the use of catalysts is reviewed here, and a companion review focuses on non‐catalytic processing. Research includes liquid‐phase, subcritical processing as well as supercritical water processing. The use of heterogeneous catalysts in such a system allows effective operation at lower temperatures, and the issues around the use of catalysts are presented. This review attempts to show the potential of this new processing concept by comparing the various options under development and the results of the research. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Common femoral artery stenosis after deployment of vascular clip closure device
Authors: Osborn Larry A. , Sunderman Harold , Langsfeld Mark 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe describe a case of symptomatic common femoral artery stenosis following use of a vascular clip closure device (StarClose). Operative repair was performed, with removal of the clip device and subsequent vein patch angioplasty. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Late percutaneous coronary intervention for the totally occluded infarct‐related artery: A meta‐analysis of the effects on cardiac function and remodeling
Authors: Appleton Darryn L. , Abbate Antonio , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe G.L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackground: Late percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of a totally occluded infarct‐related artery (IRA) in stable patients is currently not recommended based on the lack of clear clinical benefits in randomized controlled trials. We sought to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing PCI with optimal medical therapy in patients with IRA occlusion more than 12 hr after onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), focusing on left ventricular function and remodeling. Methods and Results: PubMed, CENTRAL, and mRCT were searched for eligible studies. Studies were included in the analysis if they were randomized controlled trials comparing conservative medical management with PCI performed at least 12 hr after the onset of symptoms of AMI, and data on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at baseline and follow‐up were available. Studies were excluded if randomization occurred less than 12 hr after symptom onset, or if patients were hemodynamically unstable. Change in LVEF was the primary outcome of interest, with changes in left ventricular end‐diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) and end‐systolic volume index (LVESVI) analyzed as secondary endpoints. We retrieved five studies in which baseline and follow up LVEF data were available enrolling a total of 648 patients: 342 patients randomized to PCI and 306 to medical treatment. There was a statistically significant difference in LVEF changes over time favoring PCI (+3.1%, 95% CI +1.0 to +5.2, P = 0.0004). In addition, there were statistically significant differences changes in both LVEDVI (−5.1 ml in favor of PCI, 95% CI of −9.4 to −0.8, P = 0.020) and LVESVI (−5.3 ml in favor in PCI, 95% CI of −8.3 to −2.4, P = 0.0005). Conclusions: This meta‐analysis suggests that late revascularization of an occluded IRA may improve left ventricular systolic function and remodeling, supporting the “open artery hypothesis.” The reason why these changes have not resulted in clinical benefits in large clinical trials is subject to debate. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety and efficacy of drug‐eluting stent for ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction in an unselected consecutive cohort
Authors: Vlaar Pieter J. , Rihal Charanjit S. , Singh Mandeep , Lennon Ryan , Ting Henry H. , Bresnahan John F. , Holmes David R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical outcome of a large cohort of patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with drug‐eluting stents (DES) compared to bare metal stents (BMS). Background: Several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that PCI with the routine use of DES is safe and effective in patients with STEMI. However as randomized trials have strict inclusion criteria, further studies in unselected patient populations are needed. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of the Mayo Clinic PCI database. A total of 552 consecutive STEMI patients who underwent a DES implantation between May 2003 and April 2006 were included in the study and compared to 557 who had BMS for STEMI earlier. No specific patient subsets were excluded. Results: Procedural success was achieved in 532 patients (96%). During initial hospitalization, 16 patients (2.9%) died and 8 (1.5%) suffered from a recurrent myocardial infarction. The median follow‐up was 23 months (IQR: 13–27 months). At 12 months post discharge, the rate of target lesion revascularization and death were 2.9% and 3.7%, respectively, and survival free of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was 90.9%. These rates were similar to or lower than those of patients treated for STEMI with BMS prior to the availability of DES. Conclusion: DES are safe and effective in the treatment of STEMI in an unselected cohort; 90.9% of patients are free of MACE at 12 months post discharge. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The carotid artery revascularization and endarterectomy (CARE) registry: Objectives, design, and implications
Authors: White Christopher J. , Anderson H. Vernon , Brindis Ralph G. , Cates Christopher U. , Cohen David J. , Ho Kalon , Hopkins L. Nelson , Jaff Michael R. , Koroshetz Walter J. , Rosenfield Kenneth A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis is the first comprehensive national registry that will provide data characterizing contemporary results of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS). Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has become the standard revascularization therapy to prevent stroke in patients with carotid artery disease, while carotid artery stenting (CAS) offers a percutaneous alternative in selected patients. Given the rapid growth in the numbers of CAS procedures being performed, there is a critical need for a national program to assess quality outcomes. The Carotid Artery Revascularization and Endarterectomy (CARE) Registry was developed through a multispecialty collaboration resulting in a comprehensive data collection tool for carotid revascularization procedures. The intent of the CARE registry is to collect and analyze clinical data to measure clinical practice, patient outcomes, and enable quality improvement for carotid revascularization. Finally, the CARE Registry satisfies the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) data reporting criteria for reimbursement. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel use of ultrasound guidance for recanalization of iliac, femoral, and popliteal arteries
Authors: Kawasaki Daizo , Tsujino Takeshi , Fujii Kenichi , Masutani Motomaru , Ohyanagi Mitsumasa , Masuyama Tohru 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives: We attempted to demonstrate the safety and feasibility of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)‐guided endluminal endovascular therapy for chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the iliac and/or femoropopliteal arteries using Treasure 12, a stiff guidewire for peripheral CTO of 0.018 in. in monodirectional approach setting. Background: Endovascular therapy for CTO of the iliac and femoropopliteal arteries is still technically challenging. Methods: Endovascular therapy was performed in 110 patients who were admitted to Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital with iliac and/or femoropopliteal artery disease from January 2006 to October 2007. We retrospectively analyzed the data of consecutive 47 patients who underwent the endovascular therapy by monodirectional approach for CTO lesions of the iliac and femoropopliteal arteries. From January 2006 to November 2006 (phase 1), standard technique was applied for the treatment of 21 lesions. From December 2006 to October 2007 (phase 2), IVUS‐guided endovascular therapy was applied for the treatment of 31 lesions. Results: Clinical and lesion characteristics in phase 1 were not significantly different from those in phase 2. The overall initial technical success rate improved from 81% in phase 1 to 97% in phase 2. There were no significant differences in radiation exposure time between phase 1 and phase 2. Total volume of contrast material was significantly smaller in phase 2 than in phase 1 (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The IVUS‐guided endovascular therapy for CTO using Treasure 12 guidewire is feasible and safe, minimizes contrast material, and has a high initial technical success rate. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What anti‐thrombotic therapy is best with primary PCI for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction: How should the HORIZONS trial change current practice?
Authors: Brodie Bruce R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe current standard of care for anti‐thrombotic therapy with primary PCI for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is aspirin, clopidogrel, unfractionated heparin and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. However, heparin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are associated with a high incidence of bleeding, and many of the trials documenting benefit with this therapy were performed before the widespread use of stents and clopidogrel. Bivalirudin is a direct thrombin inhibitor which has been found to have similar efficacy with less bleeding compared with heparin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors when used with elective PCI and with PCI for unstable angina and non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction. The HORIZONS trial evaluated bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin and IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI treated with primary PCI and found similar MACE (major adverse cardiac events) with less bleeding and a lower incidence of net adverse clinical events (MACE or major bleeding) at 30 days. Mortality at 30 days was also significantly less with bivalirudin. These results make a strong case for the use of bivalirudin with primary PCI in the great majority of patients with STEMI, with the possible exception of patients with cardiogenic shock or stent thrombosis, and patients with a large thrombus burden or no re‐flow following PCI. In the latter case, platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors would be used as a bail‐out strategy. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety and effectiveness of drug eluting stent in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary angioplasty
Authors: Romano Michele , Buffoli Francesca , Tomasi Luca , Corrado Lettieri , Ferrari Maria Rosa , Zanini Roberto 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackground: Drug eluting stents (DES) have recently been proven to further reduce restenosis and revascularization rate in comparison to bare metal stents in elective procedures. Most early DES trials did not include patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST‐segment elevation MI, because these patients tend to have lower restenosis rates than other patient groups and delayed endothelization of these stents raises concern about a possible increase of thrombotic complications in the setting of STEMI. Aim: To confirm the safety and effectiveness of DES in patients with STEMI in a real‐world scenario. Methods: From January 2004 to December 2006, clinical and angiographic data of 370 patients with STEMI treated with primary PCI have been analyzed. Patients were retrospectively followed for the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE): death, reinfarction and target vessel revascularization (TVR). Results: Overall, 120 patients received DES (32%, DES group) and 250 received bare metal stents (68%, BMS group) in the infarct related artery. Compared with the BMS group, DES patients were younger, (mean age 56 ± 12 vs. 65 ± 10; P < 0.001) had more often diabetes mellitus (47% vs. 14% P < 0.001), anterior localization (65% vs. 45%; P < 0.0011) and less cardiogenic shock at admission (4% vs. 7%; P < 0.001). The angiographic characteristics in the DES group showed longer lesions (23 mm vs. 19 mm) and smaller diameter of vessels (2.5 mm vs. 3.0 mm). After a median follow‐up of 24 ± 9 months, there was no significant difference in the rate of stent thrombosis (1.6% in the DES group vs. 1.2% in the BMS group, P = ns). The incidence of MACE was significantly lower in the DES group compared with the BMS group (HR 0.56 [95% CI: 0.3–0.8]; P = 0.01), principally due to the lower rate of TVR (HR 0.41 [95% CI: 0.2–0.85]; P = 0.01). Conclusions: Utilization of DES in the setting of primary PCI for STEMI, in our “real world,” was safe and improved the 3‐year clinical outcome compared with BMS reducing the need of TVR. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sloshing analysis of a liquid storage container using level set X‐FEM
Authors: Nagashima Toshio 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe extended finite element method (X‐FEM), in conjunction with the level set method, is applied to sloshing analysis of a rigid container filled with liquid. The governing equations for liquid with a free surface based on the potential flow theory are discretized using the framework of level set X‐FEM. Once the space domain of a container is modeled by tetrahedral elements, sloshing analysis for arbitrary liquid levels and configurations can be performed without remeshing. Natural frequencies of free surface sloshing motion in rigid containers of various shapes were computed by the proposed method and the results were compared with those obtained by theoretical solutions and experiments. The proposed method was demonstrated to perform sloshing analysis efficiently for rigid containers with various liquid levels and configurations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of gastrula cell motility by the Goosecoid/Mix.1/ Siamois network: Basic patterns and paradoxical effects
Authors: Luu Olivia , Nagel Martina , Wacker Stephan , Lemaire Patrick , Winklbauer Rudolf 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn the vegetal half of the Xenopus gastrula, cell populations differ with respect to migration on fibronectin substratum. We show that the paired‐class homeodomain transcription factors Goosecoid (Gsc), Mix.1, and Siamois (Sia) are involved in the modulation of migration velocity and cell polarity. Mix.1 is expressed in the whole vegetal half and serves as a competence factor that is necessary, but not sufficient, for rapid cell migration and polarization. In the head mesoderm, Gsc and Sia are coexpressed with Mix.1, promoting rapid cell migration and polarization. Ectopic expression of Gsc and Sia in both vegetal and ventral regions often generates paradoxical effects; if a factor activates a certain motility trait in one region, it inhibits it in the other. Migration velocity and cell polarity are regulated independently. Fast and efficiently migrating multipolar cells and slow‐moving polarized cells can be obtained by ectopic expression of these transcription factors in different combinations. Developmental Dynamics 237:1307‐1320, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel structure of three‐phase phase‐locked loop with robustness against disturbances
Authors: Bae Byung Y. , Han Byung M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPhase‐locked loop (PLL) is a key item to control power converters for power conditioning system and power quality compensator. This paper proposes a novel structure of three‐phase PLL that is composed of adaptive linear combiner (ALC) and proportional integral (PI) control. The operational principle was investigated through theoretical approach. The performance was verified through computer simulations with MATLAB and experimental works with TMS320vc33 digital signal processor (DSP) board. The three‐phase PLL shows accurate performance under the voltage disturbances such as sag, harmonics, and phase‐angle jump. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel DLC model for QoS enhancement of bursty VBR traffic in wireless ATM networks
Authors: El‐Ocla Hosam , El. Tobely Tarek E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSeveral data‐link control (DLC) protocol procedures have been proposed in order to provide reliable data transmission over powerless radio links. However, many quality of service (QoS) issues still need to be achieved such as balance between cell transfer delay (CTD) and cell loss rate (CLR), absence of cell delay variation (CDV) and network traffic utilisation. The main problem with wireless ATM is how to overcome the unreliability of the wireless link in order to maintain QoS requirements especially for variable bit rate (VBR) application. Here, we propose a model that provides QoS support for ATM virtual connections (VC) and solves the unreliability problem of the wireless ATM through an efficient DLC protocol for bursty VBR traffic. This model mainly concerns with enhancing QoS to gain error‐free wireless transmission and regulating VBR Traffic. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐ and second‐order sensitivity equation methods for value and shape parameters
Authors: Ilinca F. , Pelletier D. , Hay A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper presents formulations of the sensitivity equation method (SEM) and applications to transient flow problems. Solutions are shown for both value and shape parameters using a three‐dimensional solution algorithm. Sensitivities are used for fast evaluation of the flow at nearby values of the parameters: the solution is approximated by a Taylor series in parameter space involving the flow sensitivities. The accuracy of nearby flows is much improved when second‐order sensitivities are used. We show how the sensitivity of the Strouhal number can be obtained from the flow sensitivities. Results are in agreement with the experimental correlation. The methodology is also applied to the flow past a cylinder in ground proximity. The proposed method is verified on a steady‐state problem by comparing the computed sensitivity with the actual change in the solution when a small perturbation is imposed on the shape parameter. We then investigate the ability of the SEM to anticipate the unsteady flow response to changes in the ground to cylinder gap. The approach properly reproduces the damping or amplification of the vortex shedding with a reduction or increase of the gap size. Copyright © 2008 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implicit symmetrized streamfunction formulations of magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Kang K. S. , Keyes D. E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe apply the finite element method to the classic tilt instability problem of two‐dimensional, incompressible magnetohydrodynamics, using a streamfunction approach to enforce the divergence‐free conditions on the magnetic and velocity fields. We compare two formulations of the governing equations, the standard one based on streamfunctions and a hybrid formulation with velocities and magnetic field components. We use a finite element discretization on unstructured meshes and an implicit time discretization scheme. We use the PETSc library with index sets for parallelization. To solve the nonlinear problems on each time step, we compare two nonlinear Gauss‐Seidel‐type methods and Newton's method with several time‐step sizes. We use GMRES in PETSc with multigrid preconditioning to solve the linear subproblems within the nonlinear solvers. We also study the scalability of this simulation on a cluster. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Taylor series‐based finite volume method for the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Wu G. X. , Hu Z. Z. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA Taylor series‐based finite volume formulation has been developed to solve the Navier–Stokes equations. Within each cell, velocity and pressure are obtained from the Taylor expansion at its centre. The derivatives in the expansion are found by applying the Gauss theorem over the cell. The resultant integration over the faces of the cell is calculated from the value at the middle point of the face and its derivatives, which are further obtained from a higher order interpolation based on the values at the centres of two cells sharing this face. The terms up to second order in the velocity and the terms up to first order in pressure in the Taylor expansion are retained throughout the derivation. The test cases for channel flow, flow past a circular cylinder and flow in a collapsible channel have shown that the method is quite accurate and flexible. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.