bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentially expressed nuclear proteins in human CCRF‐CEM, HL‐60, MEC‐1 and Raji cells correlate with cellular properties
Authors: Henrich Silke , Crossett Ben , Christopherson Richard I. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe human cell lines CCRF‐CEM (T‐cell acute lymphocytic leukemia), HL‐60 (acute myeloid leukemia), MEC‐1 (B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and Raji (Burkitt's B‐cell lymphoma) have been analysed for differences in their nuclear proteomes. Using 2‐D DIGE, 55 nuclear proteins have been identified that are differentially expressed (p<0.025) between the four cell lines, including proteins associated with transcription, proliferation, DNA repair and apoptosis. Of these 55 proteins, 22 were over‐expressed in just one cell line, and four were down‐regulated in one cell line. Proteins uniquely over‐expressed between myeloid and lymphoid cell lines include those that may have use as markers for diagnosis, disease progression and B‐cell maturation and differentiation. Expression of various proliferation‐associated nuclear proteins correlated with relative growth rates of the cell lines, giving these proteins potential diagnostic applications for distinction of chronic versus acute subtypes of haematological malignancies. Identification of these differentially expressed nuclear proteins should facilitate elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying leukocyte differentiation and transformation to leukemias and lymphomas. The nuclear expression profiles should enable classification of subtypes of leukemia, and identify potential nuclear protein targets for development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Proteomic analysis of the response of the human neutrophil‐like cell line NB‐4 after exposure to anthrax lethal toxin
Authors: Wheeler Jun X. , Whiting Gail , Rijpkema Sjoerd 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe used 2‐D DIGE to analyze the early response of NB‐4 cells, a human promyelotic leukemia cell line, exposed to lethal toxin from Bacillus anthracis at the proteome level. After a 2 h exposure, cells were still viable and 43% of spots (n = 1042) showed a significant change in protein level. We identified 59 spots whose expression had changed significantly, and these reflected cytoskeleton damage, mitochondrial lysis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Actin filament assembly was disrupted as evidenced by an increase in both actin subunits and phosphorylated cofilin, whilst levels of tropomyosin, tropomodulin and actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit decreased. Lower levels of ATP synthase subunits and mitochondrial inner membrane protein were identified as markers of mitochondrial lysis. Levels of various stress response proteins rose and, uniquely, levels of Ca2+ binding proteins such as translationally controlled tumor protein rose and hippocalcin‐like protein 1 decreased. This response may have mitigated effects brought about by mitochondrial lysis and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and delayed or prevented apoptosis in NB‐4 cells. These results resemble findings of similar proteomics studies in murine macrophages, although quantitative differences were observed.
Abnormal pathways in the genu of the corpus callosum in schizophrenia pathogenesis: a proteome study
Authors: Sivagnanasundaram Sinthuja , Crossett Ben , Dedova Irina , Cordwell Stuart , Matsumoto Izuru 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAbnormalities within the corpus callosum (CC) have been identified in schizophrenia brains and are thought to affect inter‐hemispheric communication, which in‐turn is postulated to underlie some schizophrenia symptoms. Furthermore, hemisphere asymmetry of fractional anisotropy, detected by diffusion tensor imaging, left‐higher‐than‐right‐ has been observed in normal individuals in the CC genu. This asymmetry is significantly reduced in the left CC genu of first‐episode and chronic schizophrenia subjects. We examined the protein expression profile of the CC genu, including the profiles from the left and right hemisphere, in schizophrenia brains compared to controls using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry techniques. Proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure and function, neuroprotective function and energy metabolism were identified as differentially expressed, suggesting these proteins may underlie abnormal CC genu structure and function. Proteins in these functional categories also displayed different expression levels in the left CC genu compared to the right in both control and schizophrenia brains and therefore may be involved in normal CC asymmetry and reduced asymmetry in schizophrenia individuals. This initial pool of protein candidates and abnormal functional pathways opens up avenues for further investigation of molecular mechanisms involving the CC in schizophrenia pathogenesis and symptoms.
Effectiveness of a home exercise programme in low back pain: a randomized five‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Kuukkanen Tiina , Mälkiä Esko , Kautiainen Hannu , Pohjolainen Timo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Therapeutic exercise has been shown to be beneficial in decreasing pain and in increasing functioning in patients with chronic low back pain. However, longitudinal follow‐up studies are small in number, and often limited in the numbers of subjects due to drop‐outs. In addition there is a shortage of real control groups in most cases. The purpose of the present study was to describe long‐term changes in intensity of low back pain and in functioning for two study groups five years after undertaking a home exercise programme.Method. This was a randomized follow‐up study over five years. Fifty‐seven subjects were reassessed with questionnaires five years after their initial recruitment for an intervention study. A home exercise group (n= 29), with training once a day, and a control group (n= 28), without exercise, were included in the present study protocol. The primary outcome measurements included a questionnaire on the intensity of low back pain (Borg CR‐10 scale) and on functioning (Oswestry Disability Index; ODI). The confounding physical activity was controlled with metabolic unit (MET) values.Results. The CR‐10 and ODI scores decreased during the first three months in both study groups. During the follow‐ups, the corresponding indicators of the home exercise group remained below baseline values. The CR‐10 score was significantly lower in the home exercise group (p= 0.01) during the last five‐year follow‐up session compared with the control group. Overall physical activity decreased slightly during the five‐year follow‐up, but there were no differences between the two study groups.Conclusions. The present randomized study indicates that supervised, controlled home exercises lead to reduced low back pain, and that positive effects were preserved over five years. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low temperature dependence of elastic moduli and internal friction for the glassy alloy Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5
Authors: Fukuhara Mikio , Wang Xinmin , Inoue Akihisa , Yin Fuxing 
Published: September 2007

AbstractLongitudinal and transverse wave velocities, eight kinds of elastic parameters, and dilational and shear internal frictions of Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5 glassy alloy were simultaneously measured as a function of temperature in the range from 77 to 373 K, using an ultrasonic pulse method. The inflections at around 150 K for wave velocities, anisotropy factor and Poisson's ratio, and the 150 K peak of shear friction seem to correspond to one topological change (pseudo‐transition) associated with an interatomic readjustment or vacancy rearrangements. The behaviors from 77 to 125 K and 125 to 373 K are due to thermal relaxation of squeezed free volumes and entropy elasticity associated with vibrational motions of clusters, respectively, accompanied by an increase in atomic distance. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Formation of mismatched layers in pentagonal nanorods
Authors: Kolesnikova A. L. , Romanov A. E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA new mechanism is presented to model the relaxation phenomena in pentagonal nanorods (PNRs) – elongated multiple twinned crystals. It is demonstrated that a shell possessing crystal mismatch with respect to the PNR core region will reduce the internal energy of the PNR associated with wedge disclinations of strength 7°20′ lying along the PNR axis. We predict the existence of an optimal magnitude for core/shell crystal lattice mismatch and an optimal shell thickness providing maximum energy release for this mechanism of mechanical stress relaxation. The considered relaxation mechanism can be realized by the diffusion of impurities in the shell region without change of the PNR radius or by growth of a thin mismatched shell layer with the corresponding thickening of PNR. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simple permutations mix even better
Authors: Brodsky Alex , Hoory Shlomo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe study the composition of random permutations drawn from a small family of O(n3) simple permutations on {0,1}n. Specifically, we ask how many randomly selected simple permutations need be composed to yield a permutation that is close to k‐wise independent. We improve on the results of Gowers (Combin Probab Comput 5 (1996) 119–130) and Hoory et al. (Presented at 31st ICALP 2004) and show that it suffices to compose min(O(n3k2),Õ(n2k2)) random permutations from this family for any n ≥ 3 and k ≤ 2n − 2. The Õ notation suppresses a polylogarithmic factor in k and n. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2008
Static TOF‐SIMS. A VAMAS interlaboratory study. Part II — accuracy of the mass scale and G‐SIMS compatibility
Authors: Gilmore I. S. , Green F. M. , Seah M. P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAn interlaboratory study involving 32 time‐of‐flight static SIMS instruments from 13 countries has been conducted. In Part I of the analysis of data, we showed that 84% of instruments have excellent repeatabilities of better than 1.9% and that a relative instrument spectral response (RISR) can be used to evaluate variations between different generic types of instrument. Use of the RISR improves comparability between instruments by a factor of 33. Here, in Part II, we study the accuracy of the mass scale calibration in TOF‐SIMS and evaluate instrument compatibility with G‐SIMS. We show that the accuracy of calibration of the mass scale is much poorer than generally expected (−60 ppm for peaks <200 u and −150 ppm for a large molecular peak at 647 u). This is a major issue for analysts. Elsewhere, we have developed a detailed study of the factors affecting the mass calibration and have developed a generic protocol that improves accuracy by a factor of 5. Here, this framework of understanding is used to interpret the results presented. Furthermore, we show that eight out of the ten participants submitting data for G‐SIMS could use operating conditions that generated G‐SIMS spectra of the PC reference material. This demonstrates that G‐SIMS may be conducted with a wide variety of instrument designs. © Crown Copyright 2007. Reproduced by permission of the Controller of HMSO. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symmetry Partition Sort
Authors: Chen Jing‐Chao 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a useful replacement for quicksort‐style utility functions. The replacement is called Symmetry Partition Sort, the principle of which is similar to that of Proportion Extend Sort. The main characteristic of the new algorithm is that it always places partially sorted inputs (used as a basis for proportional extensions) at each end of an array when entering the partitioning routine. This is advantageous in speeding up the processing for partitioning. The library function we developed based on the new algorithm is more attractive than the Psort library function introduced in 2004 because of its simple implementation mechanism, clearer source code, and faster operation with a performance guarantee of O(n log n). Increased robustness and adaptivity also make it highly competitive as a library function. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding the science experiences of successful women of color: Science identity as an analytic lens
Authors: Carlone Heidi B. , Johnson Angela 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this study, we develop a model of science identity to make sense of the science experiences of 15 successful women of color over the course of their undergraduate and graduate studies in science and into science‐related careers. In our view, science identity accounts both for how women make meaning of science experiences and how society structures possible meanings. Primary data included ethnographic interviews during students' undergraduate careers, follow‐up interviews 6 years later, and ongoing member‐checking. Our results highlight the importance of recognition by others for women in the three science identity trajectories: research scientist; altruistic scientist; and disrupted scientist. The women with research scientist identities were passionate about science and recognized themselves and were recognized by science faculty as science people. The women with altruistic scientist identities regarded science as a vehicle for altruism and created innovative meanings of “science,” “recognition by others,” and “woman of color in science.” The women with disrupted scientist identities sought, but did not often receive, recognition by meaningful scientific others. Although they were ultimately successful, their trajectories were more difficult because, in part, their bids for recognition were disrupted by the interaction with gendered, ethnic, and racial factors. This study clarifies theoretical conceptions of science identity, promotes a rethinking of recruitment and retention efforts, and illuminates various ways women of color experience, make meaning of, and negotiate the culture of science. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 1187–1218, 2007
Splenic Trauma in Scotland: Demographics and Outcomes
Authors: Brady Richard R. W. , Bandari Mark , Kerssens Jan J. , Paterson‐Brown Simon , Parks Rowan W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackgroundSplenic trauma is a common organ injury following blunt abdominal trauma. In order to establish the contemporary epidemiology of blunt splenic trauma in Scotland and to detect risk factors associated with patient outcomes, analysis of a multi‐center database of trauma patients was performed.MethodsThe study used data from a prospectively collated multicenter trauma database containing the details of 52,215 trauma patients admitted to participating Scottish hospitals over an 11‐year period.Results672 (1.3%) patients (530 males, 142 females) with splenic trauma were identified; of them, 579 (86.2%) had blunt trauma and 93 (13.8%) had penetrating trauma. The mean age of patients with blunt splenic trauma was 35.7 years (33.8 years for males, 42.0 years for females). Increasing age and female sex was significantly associated with mortality. The most common mechanism for injury was road traffic accidents (71%). In the series, 93.8% of patients had concomitant injuries including head injuries (46.5%), thoracic injuries (37.7%) and liver injuries (30%). A total of 299 (51.6%) patients proceeded to laparotomy, and 256 (44.2%) patients required ICU support. The overall mortality was 33.5%, and the median Injury Severity Score was 48 in patients who died, compared to 22 in those who survived. Increased mortality was associated with concomitant aortic, cardiac, or abdominal injuries. A number of independent risk factors were associated with increased risk of mortality, including concomitant injuries, increased age, and increased Injury Severity Score.ConclusionsThe incidence of splenic trauma is low, but it accounts for significant mortality. Outcome in the present study was worse in those with advanced age and associated injuries.
Proposal for the prevention of osteoporosis in paediatric patients with classical galactosaemia
Authors: Panis B. , van Kroonenburgh M. J. P. G. , Rubio‐Gozalbo M. E. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryDecreased bone mass in early childhood is an increasingly recognized problem in classical galactosaemia as in many other chronic diseases. Peak bone mass is reached in late adolescence; thus, increasing peak bone mass in childhood can prevent osteoporosis. Regular bone mass measurements and preventive treatment should begin in childhood. In the absence of evidence‐based guidelines for identification and treatment of decreased bone mass in children, we provide a proposal based on our experience and the available literature. Dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) should be used for bone mass assessment. Because cooperation is required, measurements can usually be performed from the age of 4 years. Interpretation of bone mass measurements is crucial for the diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis. In children and adolescents, total body bone mineral content (BMC) as well as lean tissue mass (LTM) should be measured. Comparison of BMC corrected for LTM of the patient with the BMC corrected for LTM of healthy controls allows correction for the confounding effect of bone size. DXA should be repeated every two years in case of normal BMC, as this is the time window in which abnormalities become measurable. If BMC is between 0 and −ISD, lifestyle factors such as physical activity, intake of calcium and vitamins K and D and oestrogen supplementation (in girls) should be optimized. If BMC is below −ISD, we advise to start with supplementation of calcium, vitamin K1 and vitamin D3. DXA should be repeated yearly in case of BMC below 0 SD in order to identify deteriorations and improvements early.
Failure to detect Fabry patients in a cohort of prematurely atherosclerotic males
Authors: Vedder A. C. , Gerdes V. E. A. , Poorthuis B. J. H. M. , Helmond M. , Trip M. D. , Aerts J. M. F. G. , Hollak C. E. M. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryFabry disease, or α‐galactosidase A (α‐Gal A) deficiency, is a lysosomal storage disorder in which accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) is thought to be responsible for the development of renal, cardiac and cerebral complications. The availability of enzyme replacement therapy has led to an increased awareness and the screening of patients suffering from complications that may be associated with Fabry disease. An association between α‐Gal A deficiency and atherosclerosis has been suggested, although there is controversy. We therefore studied the prevalence of Fabry disease in a Dutch cohort of prematurely atherosclerotic males. Measurement of α‐Gal A activity was performed in plasma of 440 Dutch male patients with premature atherosclerosis. Patients were included if they were under the age of 50 years and had proven coronary and/or peripheral artery disease. Analysis revealed a mean α‐Gal A activity of 7.75 ±3.48 nmol/h per ml (range 0.55–34.36). In 425 patients (96.5%) α‐Gal A activity was within the reference range (3.2–14.3 nmol/h per ml, based on historical controls); 13 patients (3%) had values above and 2 patients (0.5%) below the reference range. Additional analysis of α‐Gal A activity in leukocytes and fresh plasma in these two patients revealed normal values (53 and 47 nmol/h per mg (reference range: 32–40 nmol/h per mg) and 31.1 and 14.2 nmol/h per ml, respectively). Thus Fabry disease was not detected, leading to an overall prevalence of 0% (95CI 0–0.68). In conclusion, screening for Fabry disease in prematurely atherosclerotic patients seems not to be very useful, although a slightly increased prevalence is not excluded.
Surface Morphology Evolution of GaAs by Low Energy Ion Sputtering
Authors: Wang Y , Yoon SF , Ngo CY , Ahn J 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Low energy Ar+ion sputtering, typically below 1,200 eV, of GaAs at normal beam incident angle is investigated. Surface morphology development with respect to varying energy is analyzed and discussed. Dot-like patterns in the nanometer scale are obtained above 600 eV. As the energy approaches upper eV range regular dots have evolved. The energy dependent dot evolution is evaluated based on solutions of the isotropic Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. The results are in agreement with the theoretical model which describes a power law dependency of the characteristic wavelength on ion energy in the ion-induced diffusion regime.
Attenuated adrenergic responses to exercise in women with fibromyalgia – A controlled study
Authors: Giske Liv , Vøllestad Nina Køpke , Mengshoel Anne Marit , Jensen Jørgen , Knardahl Stein , Røe Cecilie 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe pathogenesis of widespread pain and fibromyalgia (FM) is unknown. Altered responses from the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis, sympathetic nervous system and muscular system have been suggested as being of importance. The present study was undertaken to determine: (i) whether the sympathoadrenal response to repetitive isometric contractions until exhaustion is altered in patients with FM, and (ii) whether sympathoadrenal responses are associated with muscle fatigue and pain during exercise.Nineteen women with FM, and 19 healthy women matched for age, smoking and self‐reported physical activity, participated. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), repetitive isometric contractions (6s contraction and 4s resting phases) were performed with both quadriceps muscles at 30% of MVC until exhaustion. Muscle activity was recorded from the quadriceps muscles by surface electromyography (EMG). Plasma adrenalin (Adr), noradrenalin (NAdr) and cortisol were measured and perceived exertion and pain reported during exercise.Attenuated Adr responses (p<0.001) with normal plasma NAdr and cortisol (p>0.19) responses were found during exercise in the FM group compared with the control group. Significantly higher EMG amplitude (%EMGmax) during the contraction phases (p=0.001) was found in the FM than in the control group. Perceived exertion and pain responses to exercise were higher in the FM group than in the controls (p<0.001), without relationship to the sympathoadrenal responses.In conclusion; the exercise was perceived as being more painful and strenuous in the FM group. Muscle performance was altered with increased muscle activity during the exercise. Women with FM showed an attenuated Adr response to repetitive isometric exercise.
Glial responses to neonatal hypoxic–ischemic injury in the rat cerebral cortex
Authors: Sizonenko Stéphane V. , Camm Emily J. , Dayer Alexandre , Kiss Jozsef Z. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractNeurogenesis is nearly completed after birth, whereas gliogenic activities remain intense during the postnatal period in the developing rat cortex. These include involution of radial glia, proliferation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and myelin formation. Little is known about the effects of hypoxic–ischemic (HI) injury on these critical postnatal processes. Here we explored the glial reactions to mild HI injury of the neonatal rat cerebral cortex at P3. We show that the HI lesion results in disruption of the normal radial glia architecture, which was paralleled by an increase in GFAP immunopositive reactive astrocytes. The morphology of these latter cells and the fact that they were immunolabelled for both nestin and GFAP suggest an accelerated transformation of radial glia into astrocytes. In addition, BrdU/GFAP immunostaining revealed a significant increase of double‐labelled cells indicating an acute proliferation of astrocytes after HI. This enhanced proliferative activity of astrocytes persisted for several weeks. We found an elevated number and increased mitotic activity of both NG2‐positive oligodendrocyte progenitors and RIP‐positive oligodendrocytes after injury. These findings imply that glial responses are central to cortical tissue remodelling following neonatal ischemia and represent a potential target for therapeutic approaches.