bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving Mountains: will qualifications systems promote lifelong learning?
Authors: WERQUIN PATRICK 
Published: December 2007

This article aims at providing a check list of possible mechanisms to trigger more and better lifelong learning from within the national qualifications system. It analyses the existing policy responses to the lifelong learning agenda in the countries under study and identifies possible mechanisms within the qualifications system that could impact on the behaviour of the many stakeholders. There are many other ways to impact on lifelong learning but they are not addressed in this article which focuses on the role of national qualifications systems.Two mechanisms in particular are studied in more detail because they seem to be at the top of the research and policy agenda of many countries: qualifications frameworks and recognition of non‐formal and informal learning systems.
THE COMMONPLACES OF “REVISION” AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR HISTORIOGRAPHICAL UNDERSTANDING
Authors: GORMAN JONATHAN 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTRecognizing the contingent entanglement between historiography's social and political roles and the conception of the discipline as purely factual, this essay provides a detailed analysis of “revision” and its connection to “revisionism.” This analysis uses a philosophical approach that begins with the commonplaces of our understanding as expressed in dictionaries, which are compared and contrasted to display relevant confusions. The essay then turns to examining the questions posed by History and Theory's Call for Papers announcing its Theme Issue on Revision in History, and, where philosophically relevant, answers them. The issue of paradigm change proved to be quite significant and required particular attention. A “paradigm” is analyzed in terms of Quine's “web of belief,” and that web is itself explained as an ongoing process of revision, in analogy with Rawls's concept of pure procedural justice. Adopting this approach helps clarify the entanglement between politics and historiographical revision.
THE LOST ATLANTIS OF OBJECTIVITY: THE REVISIONIST STRUGGLES BETWEEN THE ACADEMIC AND PUBLIC SPHERES1
Authors: ANTONIOU GIORGOS 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTThis article examines the theoretical and methodological implications of the revisionist debates. It focuses on the political, academic, and moral dimensions of the process of rewriting history and its interrelation with the public sphere. The article examines the recent debate in Greece and compares it with case studies of Germany, Spain, Israel, the Soviet Union, and Ireland. It comments on the common elements of these cases and proposes a basic typology of the revisionist debates in terms of similarities and differences. It categorizes the revisionist endeavors into three types: the successful, the failed, and the bewildered.
HAUNTING HISTORY: DECONSTRUCTION AND THE SPIRIT OF REVISION1
Authors: KLEINBERG ETHAN 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTThis essay explores the ways that the specter of deconstruction has been haunting history over the past thirty years, in particular this specter's effects on the revision of intellectual and cultural history. The essay uses the terms “specter” and “haunting” to express the fact that while deconstruction is repeatedly targeted in attacks against the dangers of postmodernism, poststructuralism, or the linguistic turn, very few historians actively use deconstruction as a historical methodology; in this regard the target has always been a phantom. However, some historians have employed the methods of deconstruction, and by examining their work as well as the attacks on it the essay attempts to explain the historiographical reasons behind these attacks. The goal of the essay is ultimately to indicate some of the ways that deconstruction is useful for the historian, as evidenced in the project of historical revision.
Relationship between State Medicaid Policies, Nursing Home Racial Composition, and the Risk of Hospitalization for Black and White Residents
Authors: Gruneir Andrea , Miller Susan C. , Feng Zhanlian , Intrator Orna , Mor Vincent 
Published: December 2007

Objective. To examine racial differences in the risk of hospitalization for nursing home (NH) residents.Data Sources. National NH Minimum Data Set, Medicare claims, and Online Survey Certification and Reporting data from 2000 were merged with independently collected Medicaid policy data.Study Design. One hundred and fifty day follow‐up of 516,082 long‐stay residents.Principle Findings. 18.5 percent of white and 24.1 percent of black residents were hospitalized. Residents in NHs with high concentrations of blacks had 20 percent higher odds (95 percent confidence interval [CI]=1.15–1.25) of hospitalization than residents in NHs with no blacks. Ten‐dollar increments in Medicaid rates reduced the odds of hospitalization by 4 percent (95 percent CI=0.93–1.00) for white residents and 22 percent (95 percent CI=0.69–0.87) for black residents.Conclusions. Our findings illustrate the effect of contextual forces on racial disparities in NH care.
Medicaid Undercount and Bias to Estimates of Uninsurance: New Estimates and Existing Evidence
Authors: Call Kathleen Thiede , Davidson Gestur , Davern Michael , Nyman Rebecca 
Published: December 2007

Objective. To examine whether known Medicaid enrollees misreport their health insurance coverage in surveys and the extent to which misreports of lack of coverage bias estimates of uninsurance.Data Source. Primary survey data from the Medicaid Undercount Experiment.Study Design. Analyze new data from surveys of Medicaid enrollees in California, Florida, and Pennsylvania and summarize existing research examining bias in coverage estimates due to misreports among Medicaid enrollees.Data Collection Method. Subjects were randomly drawn from Medicaid administrative records and were surveyed by telephone.Principal Findings and Conclusions. Cumulative evidence shows that a small percentage of Medicaid enrollees mistakenly report being uninsured, resulting in modest upward bias in estimates of uninsurance. A somewhat larger percentage of enrollees report having some other type of coverage than no coverage, biasing Medicaid enrollment estimates downward but not biasing estimates of uninsurance significantly upward. Implications for policy makers' confidence in survey estimates of coverage are discussed.
Routine fetalRHDgenotyping with maternal plasma: a four‐year experience in Belgium
Authors: Minon Jean‐Marc , Gerard Christiane , Senterre Jean‐Marc , Schaaps Jean‐Pierre , Foidart Jean‐Michel 
Published: December 2007

BACKGROUND:The objective was to evaluate the diagnostic value ofRHDfetal genotyping from the plasma of D– mothers as soon as 10 weeks' gestation in a routine clinical practice in Belgium.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:A prospective study was conducted between November 2002 and December 2006. DNA extraction was performed in an automated closed tube system. FetalRHD/SRYgenotypes were detected in the plasma of 563 pregnant mothers by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting multiple exons 4, 5, and 10 of theRHDgene and targeting anSRYgene sequence. These were compared to the D phenotypes determined in the 581 babies they delivered.RESULTS:By combining amplification of three exons, the concordance rate of fetalRHDgenotypes in maternal plasma and newborn D phenotypes at delivery was 100 percent (99.8% including one unusual false‐positive). The presence of nonfunctionalRHDgenes and the absence of a universal fetal marker, irrespective of fetal sex, did not influence the accuracy of fetal RhD status prediction. TheRHDgenotyping from 18 twin pregnancies was also assessed. Five weak D women were excluded from theRHDfetal genotyping prediction. Three discrepant results (0.5%) between predicted fetal genotype and cord blood phenotype were not confirmed by the baby phenotypes from venipuncture blood.CONCLUSION:Prenatal prediction of fetalRHDby targeting multiple exons from the maternal plasma with real‐time PCR is highly sensitive and accurate. Over 4 years, this experience has highly modified our management of D– pregnant women.
Intraocular pressure in an ophthalmologically normal Japanese population
Authors: Fukuoka Shima , Aihara Makoto , Iwase Aiko , Araie Makoto 
Published: December 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To investigate the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and factors correlating with IOP, with special attention to age, in a large sample of ophthalmologically normal Japanese subjects.Methods:  A total of 7313 subjects (2847 male, 4466 female) were selected as a normal Japanese sample. The following exclusion criteria applied: abnormal results suggestive of any eye diseases in slit‐lamp examination, fundus photography or visual field testing using frequency‐doubling technology; corrected visual acuity < 0.7, and contact lens wear within 1 week of study examinations. All subjects were sourced from the Eye Disease Screening Service in Tajimi City, which carried out a screening programme between September 2000 and October 2001. All data, including subject age, gender, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (BP), laterality, refraction, corneal radius and IOP measured with GAT were collected from subject records. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured by SP‐2000P specular microscopy. Levels of IOP and correlating factors were statistically analysed.Results:  Average IOP was 14.1 ± 2.3 mmHg (mean ± standard deviation; n = 7313 × 2). Mean IOP levels in male and female subjects were 14.1 ± 2.3 mmHg and 14.1 ± 2.2 mmHg, respectively. There was no difference in IOP between male and female subjects. Multiple regression analysis indicated that IOP had negative correlations with age, corneal radius and refraction (p < 0.0001), and positive correlations with CCT, systolic BP and BMI (p < 0.0001).Conclusions:  In a large‐scale population of ophthalmologically normal Japanese subjects, IOP measured by GAT was significantly and negatively correlated with age. It was also negatively correlated with corneal radius and refraction, and positively with CCT, systolic BP and BMI.
Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome in a Greenlandic Inuit
Authors: Østergaard Jens , Goldschmidt Ernst , Andersen Nis 
Published: December 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To report a case of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome (VKH) in an Inuit.Methods:  We carried out a medical evaluation and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping.Results:  A 36‐year‐old male Inuit developed severely decreased vision, intense headache and vertigo over a 3‐week period. Ocular examination revealed panuveitis with bilateral serous retinal detachment and optic nerve head oedema. There was no history of ocular trauma or evidence suggestive of other disease entities. The patient responded well to high‐dose systemic prednisolone. Vitiligo presented late in the course.Conclusions:  This case report describes the first published case of VKH in a patient of Inuit ancestry. The patient was homozygous for HLA‐DR4, a genotype previously associated with VKH.
Success rates for switching to dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination in timolol responders who are insufficiently controlled by latanoprost monotherapy
Authors: Sonty Sriram , Henry J. Charles , Sharpe Elizabeth D. , Weiss Mark J. , Stewart Jeanette A. , Nelson Lindsay A. , Stewart William C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination (DTFC) in timolol responders with ocular hypertension or open‐angle glaucoma who switched to DTFC because of insufficient control on latanoprost.Methods:  We carried out a prospective, open‐label cohort study with an active‐historical control in which qualifying patients must have been treated with latanoprost monotherapy for at least 4 weeks, must have demonstrated insufficiently controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) (≥ 19 mmHg at 08.00 hours), and must have shown a decrease in IOP at 2 hours after timolol instillation of ≥ 3 mmHg or ≥ 15%. Patients then began DTFC dosed at 08.00 hours and 20.00 hours and discontinued latanoprost. Patients were evaluated again after 4 and 12 weeks.Results:  In 57 patients IOP was further reduced by 2.4 ± 3.3 mmHg at 08.00 hours (p < 0.0001) and by 3.5 ± 3.3 mmHg at 10.00 hours (p < 0.0001) after switching to DTFC. Responses to the Comparison of Ophthalmic Medications for Tolerability (COMTol) questionnaire showed no difference between DTFC and latanoprost for in terms of overall preference, typical daily activities, limitation of activities, compliance, satisfaction or quality of life (p > 0.05). However, greater frequency in burning and/or stinging (p < 0.0001) and bitter taste (p < 0.0001) were observed with DTFC, whereas unusual taste (p = 0.02) and itchy eyes (p = 0.05) were associated with latanoprost.Conclusions:  This study suggests that patients who are insufficiently controlled on latanoprost monotherapy, and who are timolol responders, can generally achieve further IOP reduction and similar tolerance levels when changed to DTFC.
Choroidal perfusion in eyes with untreated choroidal melanoma
Authors: Resch Hemma , Garhöfer Gerhard , Schmetterer Leopold , Zehetmayer Martin , Dorner Guido T. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract.Purpose: Previous studies indicate that ocular blood flow is altered in eyes with choroidal melanoma. In the present study pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) was assessed to investigate whether there exists a correlation between tumour size and ocular blood flow parameters.Methods: Twenty‐two patients with unilateral untreated choroidal melanoma were studied using two measurement techniques: POBF was measured with a pneumotonometer and local foveal fundus pulsation amplitude (FPA) by laser interferometry, and results were correlated. Tumour volume was calculated using the ellipsoidal solid model and was correlated to POBF and FPA.Results: Levels of POBF and FPAs tended to be higher in tumour eyes compared with unaffected eyes, but the differences did not reach the level of significance. Both methods showed a high degree of correlation in unaffected eyes. In tumour eyes the correlation was slightly less pronounced. There was no correlation between tumour and POBF or FPA.Conclusions: Our results do not indicate choroidal hyperperfusion in patients with choroidal melanoma. The clinical usefulness of measuring POBF in tumour patients may be limited.
Bone healing dynamics at buccal peri‐implant sites
Authors: Qahash Mohammed , Susin Cristiano , Polimeni Giuseppe , Hall Jan , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackground: It is common belief that immediate implant placement into extraction sites may act to preserve the alveolar process. The objective of this study was to evaluate healing dynamics at buccal peri‐implant sites in relation to the dimensions of the alveolar ridge.Methods: Bilateral, critical‐size, supraalveolar, peri‐implant defects were created in 12 male Hound Labrador mongrel dogs following surgical horizontal cut‐down of the alveolar ridge. Each jaw quadrant received three 10‐mm titanium implants placed 5 mm into extraction sites of the third and fourth premolar teeth leaving 5 mm in a supraalveolar position. The mucoperiosteal flaps were advanced, adapted, and sutured for primary intention healing. Bone fluorescent markers were administered at weeks 3 and 4 postsurgery, and pre‐euthanasia. Incandescent, polarized, and fluorescent light microscopies were used to assess the width of the buccal wall of the alveolar ridge and local bone remodeling over the 8‐week healing interval.Results: There was a significant association between the width of the buccal alveolar ridge and extent of bone resorption evaluated by incandescent and fluorescent light microscopy. A non‐linear association was observed between the buccal ridge width and resorption of the alveolar ridge. A 2‐mm threshold was established to account for this non‐linearity. The strength of this association was two times greater in specimens with a buccal ridge width <2 mm compared with a wider ridge (β=1.62 vs. 0.80) observed by fluorescent light microscopy. Accordingly, mean buccal resorption was significantly greater when the ridge width was <2 mm. Fluorescent light microscopy consistently showed greater buccal resorption compared with incandescent light microscopy (P<0.05). Agreement between the examination techniques was low (concordance correlation coefficient=0.49), especially for higher values of buccal resorption.Conclusion: When implants are placed into extraction sites, proximity to the buccal alveolar crest appears a major consideration. The observations herein suggest that the width of the buccal alveolar ridge should be at least 2 mm to maintain the alveolar bone level. These observations likely have general implications for implant placement using most surgical protocols.
Re‐osseointegration on rough implant surfaces previously coated with bacterial biofilm: an experimental study in the dog
Authors: Alhag Mohamed , Renvert Stefan , Polyzois Ioannis , Claffey Noel 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjective: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether osseointegration can occur on rough implant surfaces that previously had been coated with bacterial biofilm.Materials and methods: The premolars on both sides of the mandible in four beagle dogs were extracted. Following 3 months healing, three titanium implants Ti‐Unite™, Nobel Biocare® were partially inserted in the left side of each mandible. Some threads protruded from the tissues into the oral cavity. Plaque accumulated on the exposed part of the implant. Following a 5‐week healing period, the contaminated parts of each implant were treated using three different techniques: (1) swabbing with citric acid for 30 s followed by rinsing with physiological saline, (2) cleansing with a toothbrush and physiological saline for 1 min, and (3) swabbing with 10% hydrogen peroxide for 1 min followed by rinsing with physiological saline. The treated implants and one pristine implant (control) were installed to the full implant length on the contralateral sides of the mandibles. Following 11 weeks of healing, the dogs were sacrificed and biopsies were obtained. Ground sections were prepared for histomorphometric analysis.Results: All treatment modalities were associated with direct bone‐to‐implant contact on the portion of implant surface previously exposed to the oral environment.Conclusions: The results demonstrate that rough surfaces, which were plaque contaminated and cleaned by different methods, can re‐osseointegrate.
Healing at fluoride‐modified implants placed in wide marginal defects: an experimental study in dogs
Authors: Abrahamsson Ingemar , Albouy Jean‐Pierre , Berglundh Tord 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjective: To study the healing at fluoride‐modified implants placed in wide circumferential defects.Material and methods: Six mongrel dogs were used. The mandibular premolars and first molars were extracted. Three months later four implants were placed in one side of the mandible of each dog. The control implants (MicroThread™) had a TiOblast surface, while the test implants (OsseoSpeed™) had a fluoride‐modified surface. Two implants of each type were placed. The marginal 50% of the prepared canal was widened using step drills. Following installation a 1 mm wide gap occurred between the implant surface and the bone wall in the defect. All implants were submerged. The installation procedure was repeated in the opposite side of the mandible 4 weeks after the first implant surgery. Two weeks later the animals were euthanized and block biopsies containing the implant and surrounding tissues were prepared for histological analysis.Results: The histological analysis revealed that a significantly larger area of osseointegration was established within the defect at fluoride‐modified implants than at implants with a TiOblast surface after 6 weeks of healing. Further, the degree of bone‐to‐implant contact within the defect area was larger at fluoride‐modified implants than at the TiOblast implants.Conclusion: It is suggested that the fluoride‐modified implant surface promotes bone formation and osseointegration.
Ann Yearsley: A Literary Career Reconsidered
Authors: Andrews Kerri 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn her lifetime, Ann Yearsley was viewed with a mixture of admiration and distaste; an accomplished writer of many literary styles, Yearsley's spectacular break from her first patron and discoverer would, for many, cast a shadow over her subsequent successes. More recently, critics have often divided into those who admire Yearsley as a poet of immense talent, and those who see her as an ambitious and ungrateful woman, resentful of all that her first patron, Hannah More, had done on her behalf. This article will reconsider these attitudes towards Yearsley and her eventful literary career and suggest that the more nuanced approach to her work taken by a new generation of Yearsley scholars must be developed if her writing is to receive the recognition it has long deserved. I will argue that the relationship between More and Yearsley needs to be considered within the context and long‐standing tradition of patronage and the increasing professionalism of writing. I will also consider Yearsley's later works, and argue that their neglect is a direct consequence of some critics’ refusal to look beyond the first eighteen months of a literary career that would endure for more than a decade, and which would survive one of the most turbulent periods of European history.
A qualitative analysis of how advanced practice nurses use clinical decision support systems
Authors: Weber Scott 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to generate a grounded theory that will reflect the experiences of advanced practice nurses (APNs) working as critical care nurse practitioners (NPs) and clinical nurse specialists (CNS) with computer‐based decision‐making systems.Data sources: A study design using grounded theory qualitative research methods and convenience sampling was employed in this study. Twenty‐three APNs (13 CNS and 10 NPs) were recruited from 16 critical care units located in six large urban medical centers in the U.S. Midwest. Single‐structured in‐depth interviews with open‐ended audio‐taped questions were conducted with each APN. Through this process, APNs defined what they consider to be relevant themes and patterns of clinical decision system use in their critical care practices, and they identified the interrelatedness of the conceptual categories that emerged from the results. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative analysis method of qualitative research.Conclusions: APN participants were predominantly female, white/non‐Hispanic, had a history of access to the clinical decision system used in their critical care settings for an average of 14 months, and had attended a formal training program to learn how to use clinical decision systems. “Forecasting decision outcomes,” which was defined as the voluntary process employed to forecast the outcomes of patient care decisions in critical care prior to actual decision making, was the core variable describing system use that emerged from the responses. This variable consisted of four user constructs or components: (a) users' perceptions of their initial system learning experience, (b) users' sense of how well they understand how system technology works, (c) users' understanding of how system inferences are created or derived, and (d) users' relative trust of system‐derived data. Each of these categories was further described through the grounded theory research process, and the relationships between the categories were identified.Implications for practice: The findings of this study suggest that the main reason critical care APNs choose to integrate clinical decision systems into their practices is to provide an objective, scientifically derived, technology‐based backup for human forecasting of the outcomes of patient care decisions prior to their actual decision making. Implications for nursing, health care, and technology research are presented.