bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supervised Risk Predictor of Breast Cancer Based on Intrinsic Subtypes
Authors: Parker Joel S. , Mullins Michael , Cheang Maggie C.U. , Leung Samuel , Voduc David , Vickery Tammi , Davies Sherri , Fauron Christiane , He Xiaping , Hu Zhiyuan , Quackenbush John F. , Stijleman Inge J. , Palazzo Juan , Marron J.S. , Nobel Andrew B. , Mardis Elaine , Nielsen Torsten O. , Ellis Matthew J. , Perou Charles M. , Bernard Philip S. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeTo improve on current standards for breast cancer prognosis and prediction of chemotherapy benefit by developing a risk model that incorporates the gene expression–based “intrinsic” subtypes luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and basal-like.MethodsA 50-gene subtype predictor was developed using microarray and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction data from 189 prototype samples. Test sets from 761 patients (no systemic therapy) were evaluated for prognosis, and 133 patients were evaluated for prediction of pathologic complete response (pCR) to a taxane and anthracycline regimen.ResultsThe intrinsic subtypes as discrete entities showed prognostic significance (P = 2.26E-12) and remained significant in multivariable analyses that incorporated standard parameters (estrogen receptor status, histologic grade, tumor size, and node status). A prognostic model for node-negative breast cancer was built using intrinsic subtype and clinical information. The C-index estimate for the combined model (subtype and tumor size) was a significant improvement on either the clinicopathologic model or subtype model alone. The intrinsic subtype model predicted neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy with a negative predictive value for pCR of 97%.ConclusionDiagnosis by intrinsic subtype adds significant prognostic and predictive information to standard parameters for patients with breast cancer. The prognostic properties of the continuous risk score will be of value for the management of node-negative breast cancers. The subtypes and risk score can also be used to assess the likelihood of efficacy from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Phase II Trial of Irinotecan and Carboplatin for Extensive or Relapsed Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Chen Gigi , Huynh Minh , Fehrenbacher Lou , West Howard , Lara Primo N. , Yavorkovsky Leonid L. , Russin Michael , Goldstein Desiree , Gandara David , Lau Derick 
Published: February 2009

Purpose The regimens of weekly irinotecan with platinum have been used for treatment of metastatic small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). We conducted a multi-institution phase II trial to evaluate a novel 21-day schedule of irinotecan and carboplatin in patients with relapsed or extensive SCLC. Patients and Methods Eighty patients were enrolled with the following characteristics: 39 male patients, 41 female patients; median age, 65 years; and Zubrod performance status, 0 to 1 in 85% and 2 in 15% of patients. Dosing schemas were based on the maximum-tolerated dose derived in a previous phase I study. Chemotherapy-naive patients with extensive SCLC were treated with irinotecan 200 mg/m2 and carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) of 5 (arm A). Patients, who had previously been treated with chemotherapy and had relapsed disease received irinotecan 150 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC of 5 (arm B). In each study arm, the treatment was given every 21 days for up to six cycles. Results The most common grade 3 to 4 toxicities included neutropenia (54%), thrombocytopenia (22%), anemia (13%), diarrhea (22%), and nausea/emesis (11%) in both study arms. There were three treatment-related deaths owing to neutropenic sepsis. Among 72 assessable patients, response rates of 65% and 50% were observed, respectively, for arm A and arm B. The median survival for both study arms was identical at 10 months (95% CI, 6 to 14 months). A response rate of 65% was observed in the intracranial disease of 14 patients with known brain metastases. Conclusion This 21-day regimen of irinotecan and carboplatin seems promising for the treatment of relapsed SCLC.
A reliability analysis method using binary decision diagrams in phased mission planning
Authors: Prescott D R , Remenyte-Prescott R , Reed S , Andrews J D , Downes C G 
Published: February 2009

The use of autonomous systems is becoming increasingly common in many fields. A significant example of this is the ambition to deploy unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for both civil and military applications. In order for autonomous systems such as these to operate effectively, they must be capable of making decisions regarding the appropriate future course of their mission responding to changes in circumstance in as short a time as possible. The systems will typically perform phased missions and, owing to the uncertain nature of the environments in which the systems operate, the mission objectives may be subject to change at short notice. The ability to evaluate the different possible mission configurations is crucial in making the right decision about the mission tasks that should be performed in order to give the highest possible probability of mission success.Because binary decision diagrams (BDDs) may be quickly and accurately quantified to give measures of the system reliability it is anticipated that they are the most appropriate analysis tools to form the basis of a reliability-based prognostics methodology. The current paper presents a new BDD-based approach for phased mission analysis, which seeks to take advantage of the proven fast analysis characteristics of the BDD and enhance it in ways that are suited to the demands of a decision-making capability for autonomous systems. The BDD approach presented allows BDDs representing the failure causes in the different phases of a mission to be constructed quickly by treating component failures in different phases of the mission as separate variables. This allows flexibility when building mission phase failure BDDs because a global variable ordering scheme is not required. An alternative representation of component states in time intervals allows the dependencies to be efficiently dealt with during the quantification process. Nodes in the BDD can represent components with any number of failure modes or factors external to the system that could affect its behaviour, such as the weather. Path simplification rules and quantification rules are developed that allow the calculation of phase failure probabilities for this new BDD approach. The proposed method provides a phased mission analysis technique that allows the rapid construction of reliability models for phased missions and, with the use of BDDs, rapid quantification.
Role of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV)-like enzymes in T lymphocyte activation: investigations in DP IV/CD26-knockout mice
Authors: Reinhold Dirk , Goihl Alexander , Wrenger Sabine , Reinhold Annegret , Kühlmann Ulrike C. , Faust Jürgen , Neubert Klaus , Thielitz Anja , Brocke Stefan , Täger Michael , Ansorge Siegfried , Bank Ute 
Published: February 2009

Abstract: Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, CD26) and DP IV-like enzymes, such as dipeptidyl peptidase II (DP II), dipeptidyl peptidase 8 (DP8), and dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DP9), have been recognized to regulate T lymphocyte activation. Lys[Z(NO: Here, we studied the influence of non-selective and selective inhibitors of DP IV-like enzymes on DNA synthesis in mitogen-stimulated splenocytes from wild-type C57BL/6 mice and DP IV/CD26-knockout (DP IV/CD26-KO) mice.: LZNT and LZNP, the non-selective inhibitors of DP IV-like activity, suppressed the DNA synthesis in stimulated splenocytes from wild-type and DP IV/CD26-KO mice to a comparable extent. Further, a selective inhibitor of DP8/DP9 activity was capable of suppressing DNA synthesis in mitogen-stimulated splenocytes of both wild-type and knockout mice to the same extent. In contrast, selective inhibitors of DP IV and DP II lacked this suppressive activity.: Our data support the hypothesis that DP8 and/or DP9 represent additional pharmacological targets for the suppression of T cell proliferation and for anti-inflammatory therapy.Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:268–74.
Plasma osteoprotegerin is an independent risk factor for mortality and an early biomarker of coronary vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Mesquita Maria , Demulder Anne , Damry Nasroolla , Mélot Christian , Wittersheim Eric , Willems Dominique , Dratwa Max , Bergmann Pierre 
Published: February 2009

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and early biomarkers are required which can predict disease and death in such patients. The aim of our study was to investigate if osteoprotegerin (OPG) could be a predictor of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and mortality in CKD.: A total of 77 outpatients (32 with pre-dialysis CKD and 45 undergoing hemodialysis) were followed-up during 2 years. Measurements of CAC were performed using Siemens Multidetector CT software and calcium scores were measured according to the Agatston method.: OPG was an independent predictor of the Agatston score for CAC and correlated with the degree of CAC in pre-dialysis patients. A two-sample t-test characterized survivors as having a better glomerular filtration rate, lower Agatston scores, and lower serum levels of OPG. Kaplan-Meier survival curves separated survivors from non-survivors at plasma OPG cut-off levels of <3.1 ng/mL. A multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that OPG was an independent predictor of mortality from all causes in CKD patients.: OPG predicted mortality in CKD patients and could be a valuable biomarker in early detection of CAC in these patients.Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:339–46.
Laboratory and mill scale evaluation of biopulping of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden with Phanerochaete chrysosporium RP-78 under non-aseptic conditions
Authors: Masarin Fernando , Pavan Paulo C. , Vicentim Marcos P. , Souza-Cruz Priscila B. , Loguercio-Leite Clarice , Ferraz André 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Biopulping of Eucalyptus grandis wood chips with Phanerochaete chrysosporium RP-78 was evaluated under non-aseptic conditions in laboratory and mill wood-yard. The ability of P. chrysosporium to compete with indigenous fungi present in fresh wood chips was notorious under controlled laboratory experiments. A subsequent step involved an industrial test performed with 10-ton of fresh wood chips inoculated and maintained at 37±3°C for 39 days in a biopulping pilot plant. Biotreated wood chips were pulped in a chemithermomechanical pulping mill. Net energy consumption during refining was 745 kWh ton-1 and 610 kWh ton-1 of processed pulp for control and biotreated wood chips, respectively. Accordingly, 18.5% net energy saving could be achieved. Biopulps contained lower shive content and had improved strength properties compared to control pulps. Tensile index improved from 25±1 N m g-1 to 33.6±0.5 N m g-1 and delamination strength from 217±19 kPa to 295±30 kPa.
Microstructural Development During Low-Dose Irradiation
Authors: Hall BO , Potter DI 
Published: February 2009

Interstitial-impurity trapping has been included in a time-dependent nucleation and growth model that is used to calculate both vacancy and interstitial cluster densities and size distributions during irradiation. Calculations were performed for nickel alloys with interstitial-solute binding energies between 0 and 1 eV. Number densities of both types of cluster increased with increasing binding energy, with the interstitial cluster density more strongly affected. As binding energy increased, the time required for saturation of the interstitial cluster density increased.
The model results were compared with interstitial-loop size distributions and number densities obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of Ni-4Si irradiated with 3.0-MeV Ni+ ions to doses ranging from 0.053 to 0.66 displacements per atom (dpa). The number densities were consistent with nickel-silicon binding energies of ∼0.25 eV, while the average sizes were compatible with higher binding energies.
Dependence of Void Formation on Phase Stability in Neutron-Irradiated Type 316 Stainless Steel
Authors: Brager HR , Garner FA 
Published: February 2009

The void swelling rate in Type 316 steel is dominated by the instantaneous composition of the austenite matrix rather than by the concurrent nature of the dislocation and void microstructure alone. This is the conclusion derived from a series of neutron-irradiation experiments designed to determine which microstructural components account for the variability of void development observed in this alloy in response to changes in composition, preirradiation treatment, and irradiation history. The attainment of steady-state swelling is thought to be related to the development of a saturation microstructure of precipitates and dislocations. The existence of a saturation state for dislocation microstructure has been confirmed, but this condition is reached at fluences substantially below the onset of steady-state swelling. Relative to a solution-annealed treatment, 20 percent cold working accelerates the approach to saturation of the dislocation microstructure; thus the delay of swelling by cold work cannot be rationalized simply in terms of the time or fluence dependence of dislocation density.
In this alloy the accelerated swelling state is always associated with extensive second-phase precipitation. These precipitates are rich in nickel, molybdenum, silicon, and carbon and continue to form to very high neutron fluence levels. They deplete the austenite matrix of most of the carbon and silicon and about one third of the nickel and molybdenum. The acceleration of the swelling rate with fluence can be correlated with the instantaneous nickel content of the matrix. The primary influence of cold work on void development in Type 316 stainless steel is the disruption of the normal sequence of second-phase formation and the prolongation of the depletion sequences. Preirradiation aging at temperatures substantially above the irradiation temperature also leads to altered phase stability and altered precipitation sequences.
Formulation of Constitutive Laws for Deformation During Irradiation
Authors: Wolfer WG 
Published: February 2009

Constitutive laws for radiation-induced deformation are derived based on a phenomenological approach which involves only simple principles of continuum mechanics and avoids detailed mechanistic assumptions. This approach is applied to materials which are initially in an isotropic condition that serves as a reference state. As specific examples of this approach, we consider in detail three forms of constitutive laws. In the first case it is assumed that the deformation rate depends on the current stress as the only tensor variable. For the second case we postulate a dependence on the current stress tensor and the strain tensor as produced during the previous radiation-induced deformation. Finally, the third case deals with a dependence on stress and strain as accumulated during cold-working. In both the latter cases, the material is rendered anisotropic with respect to the reference state. It is shown for the last two cases that the phenomenological approach provides a proper formulation and a clear distinction of such phenomena as stress-affected swelling, irradiation creep, radiation-induced anisotropic growth, and creep-swelling interaction. It also supplies the superposition rules for these phenomena when the material is subject to triaxial stresses which change and redistribute with time.
The constitutive laws as obtained from the continuum approach are not completely suitable for modeling structural materials. Since they are polycrystalline in nature, the constitutive properties may vary from grain to grain, and it becomes necessary to derive a macroscopic constitutive law for the aggregate. This is accomplished by considering an aggregate of many viscoelastic elements linked in parallel. The resulting constitutive law for the aggregate depends on the strain history. Upon sudden load changes, the aggregate exhibits anelastic transient creep. It is shown that the magnitude of the anelastic strain is related to the range of variability for the constitutive properties of the grains.
Disruption of Imprinting byMutatorTransposon Insertions in the 5′ Proximal Regions of theZea mays Mez1Locus
Authors: Haun William J , Danilevskaya Olga N , Meeley Robert B , Springer Nathan M 
Published: February 2009

AbstractImprinting is a form of epigenetic gene regulation in which alleles are differentially regulated according to the parent of origin. The Mez1 gene in maize is imprinted such that the maternal allele is expressed in the endosperm while the paternal allele is not expressed. Three novel Mez1 alleles containing Mutator transposon insertions within the promoter were identified. These mez1-mu alleles do not affect vegetative expression levels or result in morphological phenotypes. However, these alleles can disrupt imprinted expression of Mez1. Maternal inheritance of the mez-m1 or mez1-m4 alleles results in activation of the normally silenced paternal allele of Mez1. Paternal inheritance of the mez1-m2 or mez1-m4 alleles can also result in a loss of silencing of the paternal Mez1 allele. The paternal disruption of imprinting by transposon insertions may reflect a requirement for sequence elements involved in targeting silencing of the paternal allele. The maternal disruption of imprinting by transposon insertions within the Mez1 promoter suggests that maternally produced MEZ1 protein may be involved in silencing of the paternal Mez1 allele. The endosperms with impaired imprinting did not exhibit phenotypic consequences associated with bi-allelic Mez1 expression.
Unexpected Expression Pattern of Tetracycline-Regulated Transgenes in Mice
Authors: Bao-Cutrona M , Moral P 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
In generating a conditional transgenic murine model based on a tetracycline-regulated system, we obtained unexpected patterns of expression due to the transcriptional inactivity of the tet-responder promoter. Here we show strong cell-type-restricted expression that was variegated to an extent determined by the number of responder transgene copies integrated into the host genome.
Heterochromatin-Mediated Association of Achiasmate Homologs Declines With Age When Cohesion Is Compromised
Authors: Subramanian Vijayalakshmi V , Bickel Sharon E 
Published: February 2009

AbstractNormally, meiotic crossovers in conjunction with sister-chromatid cohesion establish a physical connection between homologs that is required for their accurate segregation during the first meiotic division. However, in some organisms an alternative mechanism ensures the proper segregation of bivalents that fail to recombine. In Drosophila oocytes, accurate segregation of achiasmate homologs depends on pairing that is mediated by their centromere-proximal heterochromatin. Our previous work uncovered an unexpected link between sister-chromatid cohesion and the fidelity of achiasmate segregation when Drosophila oocytes are experimentally aged. Here we show that a weak mutation in the meiotic cohesion protein ORD coupled with a reduction in centromere-proximal heterochromatin causes achiasmate chromosomes to missegregate with increased frequency when oocytes undergo aging. If ORD activity is more severely disrupted, achiasmate chromosomes with the normal amount of pericentric heterochromatin exhibit increased nondisjunction when oocytes age. Significantly, even in the absence of aging, a weak ord allele reduces heterochromatin-mediated pairing of achiasmate chromosomes. Our data suggest that sister-chromatid cohesion proteins not only maintain the association of chiasmate homologs but also play a role in promoting the physical association of achiasmate homologs in Drosophila oocytes. In addition, our data support the model that deterioration of meiotic cohesion during the aging process compromises the segregation of achiasmate as well as chiasmate bivalents.
Achieving Success Connecting Academic and Practicing Clinicians Through Telemedicine
Authors: González-Espada Wilson J. , Hall-Barrow Julie , Hall R. Whit , Burke Bryan L. , Smith Christopher E. 
Published: February 2009

OBJECTIVE. Practicing clinicians, especially in rural areas, are often isolated from learning opportunities and interactions with subspecialty providers. Pediatric Physician Learning and Collaborative Education, an interactive, educational, telemedicine program, was developed to address this need. We evaluated the success of this program through surveys with practicing and academic physicians.
METHODS. Pediatric Physician Learning and Collaborative Education was assessed by using 2 evaluation forms collected from October 2007 to May 2008. One of the forms was completed by 197 attendees from the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and 172 attendees from remote sites. Another form was completed by 131 participants from Arkansas Children's Hospital, an academic, freestanding, children's hospital. Both evaluation forms asked participants to use a 5-point Likert scale to rank a number of criteria and included a section for participants to write comments and recommendations. Additional data were collected through an open-response e-mail survey of participants.
RESULTS. Ninety-five percent of the participants agreed that the presentations related to their professional needs, 98% agreed that the presentations increased their subject-matter knowledge, 81% evaluated the presentations as some of the best they had attended, and 93% agreed that the information would translate into professional practice, enhancing patient care. Health care personnel from the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences evaluated the presentations significantly higher than did remote participants. Nursing staff members evaluated the presentations significantly higher than did medical staff members. Comments were generally positive and correlated with the Likert-scale data.
CONCLUSION. Participants reported being highly satisfied with Pediatric Physician Learning and Collaborative Education and considered it an effective way to address the continuing education needs of practitioners throughout Arkansas, especially in rural and underserved areas.
Influence of Interimplant Distances and Placement Depth on Papilla Formation and Crestal Resorption: A Clinical and Radiographic Study in Dogs
Authors: Novaes Arthur B. , Barros Raquel R. M. , Muglia Valdir A. , Borges Germana J. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Among the factors that contribute to the papilla formation and crestal bone preservation between contiguous implants, this animal study clinically and radiographically evaluated the interimplant distances (IDs) of 2 and 3 mm and the placement depths of Morse cone connection implants restored with platform switch. Bilateral mandibular premolars of 6 dogs were extracted, and after 12 weeks, the implants were placed. Four experimental groups were constituted: subcrestally with ID of 2 mm (2 SCL) and 3 mm (3 SCL) and crestally with ID of 2 mm (2 CL) and 3 mm (3 CL). Metallic crowns were immediately installed with a distance of 3 mm between the contact point and the bone crest. Eight weeks later, clinical measurements were performed to evaluate papilla formation, and radiographic images were taken to analyze the crestal bone remodeling. The subcrestal groups achieved better levels of papillae formation when compared with the crestal groups, with a significant difference between the 3 SCL and 3 CL groups (P = .026). Radiographically, the crestal bone preservation was also better in the subcrestal groups, with statistically significant differences between the 2SCL and 2CL groups (P = .002) and between the 3SCL and 3CL groups (P = .008). With the present conditions, it could be concluded that subcrestal implant placement had a positive impact on papilla formation and crestal bone preservation, which could favor the esthetic of anterior regions. However, the IDs of 2 and 3 mm did not show significantly different results.