bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three year follow‐up TMJ patients: success rates and silent periods
Authors: STRYCHALSKI IRENE D. , MOHL N. D. , McCALL W. D. , UTHMAN A. A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA telephone survey to assess treatment success was conducted 2–3 years after treatment of patients suffering from TMJ syndrome. Pre‐treatment silent period durations were compared among groups of patients determined by their response to the telephone survey. The short‐term (immediately post‐treatment) improvement rate was 81 %. Some 35 % of patients were completely cured. There was no statistically significant difference in mean silent period duration among the groups of patients that achieved complete, partial or no relief of symptoms. The long‐term (2–3 years after treatment) persistence of improvement rate was 72%. There was also no statistical difference in the mean silent period duration between those patients who had experienced persistence of success and those who reported either no relief or relapse of symptoms.
Mandibular movement in lateral excursions
Authors: FAULKNER K. D. B. , ATKINSON H. F. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryMandibular movement during lateral articulatory movements was studied in young subjects with no apparent dental disease or malocclusion. A closed circuit television movement detector was used. Signals of each vector of movement were combined in pairs to provide envelopes of movement in three planes, mutually at right angles. Symmetry of movement was not as common as expected and sudden small changes in direction were frequently observed. Maximum displacement in each vector of movement was not always coincident.It is postulated that treatment factors, such as simple restoration of teeth, are initiating factors which cause variation in mandibular movement from the normal.
Quantification of marginal leakage of amalgam restorations in vitro
Authors: Veen H. v. d. , Scholtanus H. , Arends J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA method is described to quantify marginal leakage of amalgam restorations in vitro as a function of time. The method consists of the determination of the amount of nitrogen gas passing through the margins of the restoration at 2atm. pressure in 30min.The method described needs about sixteen specimen per experiment. The standard error is 20‐30% of the mean leakage value and is independent of the type of condensation and the amalgam type.Two amalgams, the non‐γ2‐Dispersalloy and the conventional, Amalcap was compared longitudinally over a period of 4 months. The results showed:

The marginal leakage of Dispersalloy decreased strongly with time; the time dependency of Amalcap was less pronounced.
That carefully condensed Amalcap showed significantly less marginal leakage than Dispersalloy.
Whereas the marginal leakage of Amalcap was dependant on the condensation procedure, the leakage of Dispersalloy did not depend strongly on it.
The difficulties of prosthetic management of endentulous cases with hemi‐mandibulectomy following cancer treatment
Authors: WATSON R. M. , WELFARE R. D. , ISLAMI A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe presenting features of edentulous subjects who have undergone hemimandibulectomy for the removal of squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth are described. Suggested methods of prosthetic treatment are discussed and the means of assessing problems of speech and swallowing with sequential radiography are reported.
The fracture toughness of tooth coloured restorative materials
Authors: LLOYD C. H. , MITCHELL L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA fracture mechanics approach has been used to quantify the failure of tooth coloured restorative materials which are subjected to tensile forces. The materials examined included silicates, glass ionomers, composites (both chemically and photo‐initiated) and bonding resins for composites. The parameter chosen was the plane strain critical stress intensification factor, KIC. Silicate and glass ionomer are both brittle and have values for KIC inferior to those of composites. Composites have fracture toughnesses in a range from marginally higher than that of the bonding resin to almost three times that figure. The reason for this is discussed in terms of the dispersion toughening theories.
Effects of biofeedback training on tonic masticatory neck reflex: a case report
Authors: FUNAKOSHI MASAYA , NAKASHIMA MASATO , NODA KAZUHIRO , GALE ELLIOT N. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryBiofeedback training to reduce muscle tension lowered not only the spontaneous activity but also the tonic neck reflex in the jaw closing muscles. Tolperisone‐HCL, which may inhibit the gamma system, inhibited the tonic masticatory neck reflex, but did not reduce the patient's spontaneous activity of the jaw closing muscles in this case. Biofeedback training may be considered to reduce the gamma as well as alpha motor systems.
Treatment of mandibular dysfunction: the clinical usefulness of biofeedback in relation to splint therapy
Authors: DAHLSTRÖM LARS , CARLSSON SVEN G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe long‐term treatment effects of biofeedback and occlusal splints on mandibular dysfunction were compared. Thirty female patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups. One group had full coverage splints, the other group received biofeedback training. At the re‐examinations 1 and 12 months after completion of therapy, the subjective and clinical symptoms were significantly reduced in both groups. No significant differences between the groups were found. A stepwise analysis of regression indicated that biofeedback training may be a useful alternative to splint therapy in cases where night time bruxing is not the dominating feature.
Thermal diffusion in some polyelectrolyte dental cements: the effect of powder/liquid ratio
Authors: WATTS DAVID C. , SMITH RAYMOND 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThermal diffusivity values for glass ionomer and polycarboxylate cements have been determined for varying proportions of cement powder and liquid. Diffusivity is observed to be an increasing function of powder/liquid ratio. This is discussed in relation to the application of these cements as cavity bases.
Prevalence of mandibular dysfunction in 10–18 year old Israeli schoolchildren
Authors: GAZIT E. , LIEBERMAN M. , EINI R. , HIRSCH N. , SERFATY V. , FUCHS C. , LILOS P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe prevalence of mandibular dysfunction in a sample of 369 Israeli schoolchildren was found to be 56.4%, indicating that one or more of the cardinal symptoms were present. It increased with age from about 51% in the 10–13 year old group to 67.8% in the 16–18 year olds.The most common cardinal sign of dysfunction was joint sounds (35.8%), which increased with age from 28% in the youngest group to 44.3% in the oldest group. The second most common sign was joint sensitivity to palpation (30.4%), which showed a slight increase in the oldest group. Sensitivity of the superficial muscles was recorded third, with 20%. Joint pain and restriction of mandibular movement appeared infrequently.Two of the more common cardinal symptoms, namely joint sounds and muscle sensitivity, were statistically related to several possible aetiological factors and to age and sex.Analysis of association showed that the probability of muscle sensitivity increased in the presence of malocclusion and/or joint sensitivity to palpation. It also showed that age, occlusal wear, locking of the jaw and joint sensitivity to palpation increased the probability of joint sounds.
The heats of reaction and temperature rises associated with the setting of bonding resins
Authors: LLOYD C. H. , BROWN E. A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryDTA has been used to obtain the heats of reaction and temperature rises occurring during the setting of bonding resins. Four products have been examined. There was little difference between these. Setting reactions were highly exothermic and produced substantial temperature rises. Both factors are linearly related to resin volume, thus it is fortunate that this material is employed in small volumes, but problems may arise from spillage or the careless application of excessive quantities.
The effect of sustained submaximal clenching on maximum bite force in myofascial pain dysfunction patients
Authors: CLARK G. T. , BEEMSTERBOER P. L. , JACOBSON R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe effect of a sustained (30% maximum) isometric clenching task on the maximum voluntary bite force level was evaluated on normal jaw function subjects as well as on abnormal jaw function subjects (MPD patients). The results indicate that the MPD subjects had a lower maximum voluntary bite force level and a shorter endurance time when compared to normal subjects. Neither the control subjects nor the MPD subjects demonstrated a change in their brief MVBF after a ‘fatigue inducing’ task. These results suggest a lack of contractile element failure in the jaw closing muscles following sustained submaximal isometric clenching on a force transducer.
The effect of changing the maxillomandibular relationship by a bite plane on the habitual mandibular opening and closing movement
Authors: MARUYAMA T. , NISHIO K. , KOTANI M. , MIYAUCHI S. , KURODA T. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe relationship between the change of afferent information from occlusal contacts and its influence on the jaw muscles was investigated. For this purpose, the following questions were posed and experimental studies designed. If the subject was given habitual occlusal contacts in centric relations with a bite plane, were the habitual mandibular closing and opening movements influenced? Second, was it easier for the subjects to accomplish regular habitual mandibular opening and closing movements, when the bite plane was inserted and removed?From the results it could be concluded that the centric occlusal contacts in centric relation were more physiological for the jaw muscles. In addition, when the new occlusal position was coincident or close to the centric relation, it was easier for the subject to study and acquire the new habitual mandibular opening and closing movement.
The role of the free‐way space in the generation of muscle pain among denture‐wearers
Authors: MONTEITH BRIAN 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAlthough the myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome has a multiple aetiology, faulty vertical dimension is a frequent cause of muscular pain among wearers of full dentures. Furthermore, it has been found that the restoration of a physiological free‐way space in such cases, using a method which is based upon cephalometric analysis of the gonial angle, often leads to a dramatic remission of pain.The present investigation was prompted by curiosity as to what the underlying algogenic mechanisms in these cases might be; and how a change in the vertical dimension should so modify them as to result in the disappearance of the pain symptoms. The study is necessarily of a speculative nature, and makes use of two representative cases, one of which was adjudged to have too little free‐way, and the other too much. Principles of neuromuscular physiology are applied in attempting to explain the clinical phenomena involved, as well as to find a reason for certain electro‐myographic artefacts noted in one of the cases, which would appear to call into question the notion that muscular hyperactivity, per se, is responsible for muscular pain.Potgieter, Monteith & Kemp (1983) have presented an hypothesis that the amount of free‐way space present in an individual is an expression of the contractile power of the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles. They have also devised a method whereby, through cephalometric analysis, the optimal amount of free‐way may be determined for an edentulous patient during denture construction.Furthermore, they have stated that their method has proved particularly effective in the treatment of denture‐wearers presenting with symptoms of the myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. However, in the light of this syndrome's multifactorial aetiology one must assume that only those symptoms which are related to a faulty free‐way space are at issue.The purpose of the present investigation is to examine the latter assertion; and by the application of the suggested method of cephalometric analysis to two representative cases, attempt to explain the phenomenon in terms of neuromuscular mechanisms. Of the two cases to be examined, one was found to have too much free‐way, while the other had been provided with too little. Both had presented with symptoms of severe muscle pain.
Splinting of teeth with fixed bridges: biological effect
Authors: RENGGLI H. H. , ALLET B. , SPANAUF A. J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryForty abutment teeth with pathological mobility were splinted with telescoped removable bridges. During the first 4 weeks the bridges were fixed. From the beginning of the fifth week they were removed once a day. Mobility was measured prior to placing the bridges and at 4 and 10 weeks intervals. Average mobility of the abutment teeth and the control unsplinted teeth did not change significantly during the experimental period.
Observations on a calcium hydroxide lining in retrieved deciduous teeth, with proximal amalgam fillings
Authors: GRAJOWER RAFAEL , BIELAK SHIMON , EIDELMAN ELIECER 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe integrity and thickness of Dycal linings were determined on exfoliated deciduous teeth in which proximal fillings had been placed in vivo. The teeth remained in the oral cavity for more than 18 months after placement of the restorations. The average lining thickness was found to be 114 μm. One‐third of the samples showed evidence for the presence of Dycal at the gingival floor, up to the proximal tooth wall. Wash‐out of the lining was observed for most teeth in which Dycal had been present near the proximal tooth wall. Incipient caries formation, associated with wash‐out of the lining, was noted in a few samples. Contact between amalgam and dentine was frequently observed at the line angle, pulpal floor and axial wall.
‘Byte‐ryte’, an apparatus for the determination of the preferred vertical dimension of occlusion required for the construction of complete denture prosthesis
Authors: VAN WILLIGEN J. D. , RASHBASS C. , MELCHIOR H. J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA computer‐controlled apparatus is described for the measurement of the preferred vertical dimension of occlusion (PVDO). The proposed apparatus guides the dentist through the measuring process and calculates the measure of the PVDO from the observations made.
The reaction zone around experimental amalgam alloy particles of Ag‐Cu eutectic composition
Authors: BRYANT R. W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAn electron microprobe was used to investigate the composition and microstructure of the reaction zone occurring around experimental particles of approximately Ag‐Cu eutectic composition in two experimental dental amalgams. This study formed the basis for the examination, described in a subsequent paper, of the reaction zones in several commercially available amalgams. Techniques of phase composition analysis were further developed in order to identify and quantify the component phases in the regions of the reaction zone. The clumped, outer, more darkly shaded region of the zone contained predominantly η1 (Cu6Sn5) phase. The inner, more lightly shaded region of the reaction zone was found to contain substantial quantities of η1, γ1, a Cu‐Hg phase and a Ag‐Cu component.
The reaction zone around commercially available amalgam alloy particles of Ag‐Cu eutectic composition
Authors: BRYANT R. W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAn electron microprobe was used to investigate the composition and microstructure of regions in the reaction zones around particles of approximately Ag‐Cu eutectic composition in commercially available and experimental dispersion modified amalgams. Two distinct regions were identified. Techniques of phase composition analysis were further developed in order to identify and quantify the component phases present in the two regions. The outer, somewhat clumped region contained principally a network of strands and particles of η1 (Cu6Sn5) composition and some γ1 phase. After phase composition analysis, the inner region was found to contain η1 phase and substantial quantities of γ1 phase, a Cu‐Hg phase (probably Cu4Hg3 formulation) and unreacted Ag‐Cu. The two regions may be best described as η1‐rich and η1‐sparse, respectively.
Speech sound distortions caused by changes in complete denture morphology
Authors: PETROVIĆ A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA numerical method for speech analysis has been developed. The method is based on sounds spectrograms as carriers of information about individual voice characteristics.The effects on speech sounds caused by alterations of the oral cavity dimensions with complete dentures of different morphology were analysed. Different positions of upper incisors and different thickness of the denture palatal plate were used as changeable factors in the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the oral cavity. The effects of these changes on the relative duration of separate sounds in a word and the patient adaptation period were also analysed.From the results some conclusions of pragmatic value were obtained useful in the clinical procedures of denture construction.
The effect of iron on in vitro decalcification of human tooth enamel
Authors: WEISS G. , STABHOLZ A. , MARKITZIU A. , MEYER I. , BRAYER L. , GEDALIA I. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe effect of iron chloride on an in vitro acid attack of human enamel was studied.Slices of teeth were covered with varnish except for a window left on one of the enamel surfaces for exposure. The iron salt was used as a supplement to acid gel, or as pretreatment of the enamel surfaces before exposure to the pure gel.Differences in light transmission of the experimental and control specimen from the radiographs taken before and after immersion in the decalcifying media were assessed quantitatively.The increase in radio‐opacity of the enamel sections incubated in the iron‐containing acid media was attributed to a lower degree of enamel decalcification.
Evaluation of the effect of anxiety on the masseteric silent period duration
Authors: NOWLIN T. P. , BAILEY J. O. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe duration of the masseteric silent period (SPD) and environmental stress are parameters which have been associated with the symptoms of masticatory dysfunction. In this study, the relationship between differing levels of anxiety and the masseteric silent period duration, for nineteen subjects reporting a history of symptoms of mandibular dysfunction, was evaluated by a stress model based on the Sta X‐l anxiety test. The results suggest that the durations of masseteric silent periods were not significantly affected by differing levels of anxiety.
Long‐term observations of an increased occlusal face height obtained by a combined orthodontic/prosthetic approach
Authors: DAHL B. L. , KROGSTAD O. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTwenty individuals received an increased occlusal face height by orthodontic means (a partial bite‐raising splint). After splint treatment some of the anterior teeth were capped at the new occlusal face height. The average increase from start of splint treatment till after crown cementation was 1.9 mm. The stability of the vertical relations of the face after this treatment was studied. The average observation time was 67 months, i.e. 5.5 years. The modes of reaction were highly individual. A certain average relapse of the occlusal face height did occur, mostly in the course of the first 6 months after crown cementation. However, in no case did the increased face height revert to basis. In the period from 6 to 67 months after crown cementation twelve out of nineteen patients showed practically completely stable vertical relations.
The pulpal response to dilute citric acid smear removers
Authors: McINNES‐LEDOUX P. , CLEATON‐JONES P. E. , AUSTIN J. C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the pulpal response to three dilute citric acid smear removers. Forty‐eight vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus), in three groups of sixteen animals provided 384 tooth specimens for the histological evaluation of the pulpal response at 3, 31, and 59 days post‐operatively. Labial Class V cavities were prepared in the maxillary and mandibular incisor teeth. The pulpal responses elicited by 1% aqueous citric acid, 1% citric acid in 30% ethanol and 0.1% citric acid in 30% ethanol solutions, in unlined cavities and in cavities lined with Dycal after acid application, were compared with those elicited by a negative control material—(Nobetec), and a positive control material—(Syntrex). Using Stanley's criteria the most severe pulpal responses were seen in teeth treated with 1% aqueous citric acid and 1% citric acid in 30% ethanol without a subsequent liner, and by Syntrex at all three time intervals. The use of Dycal as a liner after smear removal markedly reduced the pulpal responses.
Quantified marginal leakage of composites in vitro
Authors: ARENDS J. , VEEN H. v. d. , GROENINGEN G. v. , SCHUTHOF J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn this in vitro study the marginal leakage of three composite systems—Sevriton, Consize and Isocap—has been quantified as a function of time.The method used (v.d. Veen et al., 1984) consists of the determination of the amount of nitrogen gas passing through restoration margins at 2 atm.The results show that the marginal leakage of all composites decreased strongly with time and became negligible after about 1 month. If we rank the three systems investigated according to their marginal leakage we have Consize>Isocap>Sevriton. The data suggest that water uptake and subsequent expansion of the polymers account for the leakage decrease.
The refractory period of the masseteric cutaneous silent period
Authors: SVEN‐ERIK WIDMALM , ASH M. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummarySilent periods were elicited in the electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles from six normal subjects, by electrical stimulation of the skin over the contralateral masseter during clenching. Pairs of suprathreshold square pulses with varied time intervals were delivered using surface electrodes. It was found that the silent periods, which were mostly of the long latency (about 53 ms) type, had a refractory period, during which a new silent period could be evoked only by increasing the strength of the second stimulus. This refractory period could last for up to 1.5 s. During the first 200 ms after the first stimulus a second silent period was almost impossible to evoke with the moderately painful stimuli used in the present experiments. It is suggested that the refractory period should be considered as significant for the methodology when recording the silent period duration. It is also suggested that the long latency silent period should be recorded as a separate parameter and differentiated from the short latency (10–12 ms) silent period. This may be of special importance to recognize when a short latency silent period and a long latency silent period merge.