bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local terrestrial biodiversity impacts in life cycle assessment: A case study of sedum roofs in London, UK
Authors: Mason Adam R. , Puchol‐Salort Pepe , Gathorne‐Hardy Alfred , Smith Barbara Maria , Myers Rupert J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUrban development is a key driver of global biodiversity loss. “Green” infrastructure is integrated to offset some impacts of development on ecosystem quality by supporting urban biodiversity, a prominent example being green roofs. The effects of green infrastructures on urban biodiversity are not well understood and poorly included in life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Here, we present a novel methodology that quantifies the local impact of green infrastructures on terrestrial biodiversity—demonstrated here for sedum roofs in London, UK—and integrates within LCA. It relates energy provision by plants to the metabolic requirements of animals to determine what species richness (number of species) and species abundance (number of individuals) are supported. We demonstrate this methodology using a case study, comparing the life cycle impact of developing 18 buildings, with either asphalt concrete or sedum roofs, on ecosystem quality. We found the sedum roofs (0.018 km2) support 53 species (673 individuals), equivalent to 1.3% of the development's life cycle impacts on ecosystem quality. Complete offsetting requires considerable reduction in transport use throughout the development's lifetime, and lower environmental impact material selection during construction (contributing 98% and 2%, respectively). The results indicate sedum roofs offer minor impact mitigation capacities in the context of urban development, and this capacity is limited for all green infrastructures by species richness in local species pools. This paper demonstrates the potential and limitations of quantifying terrestrial biodiversity offsets offered by green infrastructures alongside urbanization, and the need for realistic expectations of what role it might play in sustainable urban design.
Moving beyond the magic Indian Trope in Craig Johnson's Walt Longmire series
Authors: Schaffer Rachel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn films, the Magic Negro is a stock character whose supernatural gifts promote the success of a White protagonist. A character with parallel traits found in a number of mystery series is the Magic Indian, who has supernatural connections and abilities unavailable to others. In his Walt Longmire mysteries, Craig Johnson develops a strong supernatural thread with the agency of Native American characters who can be considered Magic Indians. While Johnson's Magic Indians share similarities with Magic Negroes, they exhibit key differences in the way their spirituality is presented that make them more realistic characters serving an educational function.
Patterns of genetic variation and local adaptation of a native herbivore to a lethal invasive plant
Authors: Ravikanthachari Nitin , Steward Rachel A. , Boggs Carol L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the evolutionary processes that influence fitness is critical to predicting species' responses to selection. Interactions among evolutionary processes including gene flow, drift and the strength of selection can lead to either local adaptation or maladaptation, especially in heterogenous landscapes. Populations experiencing novel environments or resources are ideal for understanding the mechanisms underlying adaptation or maladaptation, specifically in locally co‐evolved interactions. We used the interaction between a native herbivore that oviposits on a patchily distributed introduced plant that in turn causes significant mortality to the larvae to test for signatures of local adaptation in areas where the two co‐occurred. We used whole‐genome sequencing to explore population structure, patterns of gene flow and signatures of local adaptation. We found signatures of local adaptation in response to the introduced plant in the absence of strong population structure with no genetic differentiation and low genetic variation. Additionally, we found localized allele frequency differences within a single population between habitats with and without the lethal plant, highlighting the effects of strong selection. Finally, we identified that selection was acting on larval ability to feed on the plant rather than on females' ability to avoid oviposition, thus uncovering the specific ontogenetic target of selection. Our work highlights the potential for adaptation to occur in a fine‐grained landscape in the presence of gene flow and low genetic variation.
Evolutionary radiation of the Eurasian Pinus species under pervasive gene flow
Authors: Zhao Wei , Gao Jie , Hall David , Andersson Bea Angelica , Bruxaux Jade , Tomlinson Kyle W. , Drouzas Andreas D. , Suyama Yoshihisa , Wang Xiao‐Ru 
Published: March 2024

Summary

Evolutionary radiation, a pivotal aspect of macroevolution, offers valuable insights into evolutionary processes. The genus Pinus is the largest genus in conifers with 90% of the extant species emerged in the Miocene, which signifies a case of rapid diversification. Despite this remarkable history, our understanding of the mechanisms driving radiation within this expansive genus has remained limited.

Using exome capture sequencing and a fossil‐calibrated phylogeny, we investigated the divergence history, niche diversification, and introgression among 13 closely related Eurasian species spanning climate zones from the tropics to the boreal Arctic.

We detected complex introgression among lineages in subsection Pinus at all stages of the phylogeny. Despite this widespread gene exchange, each species maintained its genetic identity and showed clear niche differentiation. Demographic analysis unveiled distinct population histories among these species, which further influenced the nucleotide diversity and efficacy of purifying and positive selection in each species.

Our findings suggest that radiation in the Eurasian pines was likely fueled by interspecific recombination and further reinforced by their adaptation to distinct environments. Our study highlights the constraints and opportunities for evolutionary change, and the expectations of future adaptation in response to environmental changes in different lineages.
Using multivariate pattern analysis to increase effect sizes for event‐related potential analyses
Authors: Carrasco Carlos Daniel , Bahle Brett , Simmons Aaron Matthew , Luck Steven J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMultivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) approaches can be applied to the topographic distribution of event‐related potential (ERP) signals to “decode” subtly different stimulus classes, such as different faces or different orientations. These approaches are extremely sensitive, and it seems possible that they could also be used to increase effect sizes and statistical power in traditional paradigms that ask whether an ERP component differs in amplitude across conditions. To assess this possibility, we leveraged the open‐source ERP CORE data set and compared the effect sizes resulting from conventional univariate analyses of mean amplitude with two MVPA approaches (support vector machine decoding and the cross‐validated Mahalanobis distance, both of which are easy to compute using open‐source software). We assessed these approaches across seven widely studied ERP components (N170, N400, N2pc, P3b, lateral readiness potential, error related negativity, and mismatch negativity). Across all components, we found that multivariate approaches yielded effect sizes that were as large or larger than the effect sizes produced by univariate approaches. These results indicate that researchers could obtain larger effect sizes, and therefore greater statistical power, by using multivariate analysis of topographic voltage patterns instead of traditional univariate analyses in many ERP studies.
Individual distribution of muscle hypertrophy among hamstring muscle heads: Adding muscle volume where you need is not so simple
Authors: Frouin A. , Le Sant G. , Barbier L. , Jacquemin E. , McNair P. J. , Ellis R. , Nordez A. , Lacourpaille L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to determine whether a 9‐week resistance training program based on high load (HL) versus low load combined with blood flow restriction (LL‐BFR) induced a similar (i) distribution of muscle hypertrophy among hamstring heads (semimembranosus, SM; semitendinosus, ST; and biceps femoris long head, BF) and (ii) magnitude of tendon hypertrophy of ST, using a parallel randomized controlled trial.MethodsA total of 45 participants were randomly allocated to one of three groups: HL, LL‐BFR, and control (CON). Both HL and LL‐BFR performed a 9‐week resistance training program composed of seated leg curl and stiff‐leg deadlift exercises. Freehand 3D ultrasound was used to assess the changes in muscle and tendon volume.ResultsThe increase in ST volume was greater in HL (26.5 ± 25.5%) compared to CON (p = 0.004). No difference was found between CON and LL‐BFR for the ST muscle volume (p = 0.627). The change in SM muscle volume was greater for LL‐BFR (21.6 ± 27.8%) compared to CON (p = 0.025). No difference was found between HL and CON for the SM muscle volume (p = 0.178).There was no change in BF muscle volume in LL‐BFR (14.0 ± 16.5%; p = 0.436) compared to CON group. No difference was found between HL and CON for the BF muscle volume (p = 1.0). Regarding ST tendon volume, we did not report an effect of training regimens (p = 0.411).ConclusionThese results provide evidence that the HL program induced a selective hypertrophy of the ST while LL‐BFR induced hypertrophy of SM. The magnitude of the selective hypertrophy observed within each group varied greatly between individuals. This finding suggests that it is very difficult to early determine the location of the hypertrophy among a muscle group.
Respiratory support in the emergency department: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: O'Donnell Jane , Pirret Alison , Hoare Karen , Fenn Rebecca , McDonald Elissa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAn estimated 20% of emergency department (ED) patients require respiratory support (RS). Evidence suggests that nasal high flow (NHF) reduces RS need.AimsThis review compared NHF to conventional oxygen therapy (COT) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in adult ED patients.MethodThe systematic review (SR) and meta‐analysis (MA) methods reflect the Cochrane Collaboration methodology. Six databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing NHF to COT or NIV use in the ED. Three summary estimates were reported: (1) need to escalate care, (2) mortality, and (3) adverse events (AEs).ResultsThis SR and MA included 18 RCTs (n = 1874 participants). Two of the five MA conclusions were statistically significant. Compared with COT, NHF reduced the risk of escalation by 45% (RR 0.55; 95% CI [0.33, 0.92], p = .02, NNT = 32); however, no statistically significant differences in risk of mortality (RR 1.02; 95% CI [0.68, 1.54]; p = .91) and AE (RR 0.98; 95% CI [0.61, 1.59]; p = .94) outcomes were found. Compared with NIV, NHF increased the risk of escalation by 60% (RR 1.60; 95% CI [1.10, 2.33]; p = .01); mortality risk was not statistically significant (RR 1.23, 95% CI [0.78, 1.95]; p = .37).Linking Evidence to ActionEvidence‐based decision‐making regarding RS in the ED is challenging. ED clinicians have at times had to rely on non‐ED evidence to support their practice. Compared with COT, NHF was seen to be superior and reduced the risk of escalation. Conversely, for this same outcome, NIV was superior to NHF. However, substantial clinical heterogeneity was seen in the NIV delivered. Research considering NHF versus NIV is needed. COVID‐19 has exposed the research gaps and slowed the progress of ED research.
Offset-Free Koopman Model Predictive Control of Thermal Comfort Regulation for a Variable Refrigerant Flow-Dedicated Outdoor Air System-Combined System
Authors: Pan Chao , Li Yaoyu , Dong Liujia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system has been an appealing solution of air conditioning for residential and commercial buildings, due to its flexibility and cost effectiveness, while lack of ventilation capability is a major drawback. Incorporation of dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) is a typical practice. However, good coordination between DOAS and VRF is critical for achieving desired thermal comfort is challenging due to the possible complexity of mixed sensible and latent heat exchanges. In this paper, to handle the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of VRF-DOAS system, we propose an offset-free Koopman model predictive control (MPC) strategy for thermal comfort regulation, in which the MPC design is computationally more efficient due to the convex problem formulation and the use of reduced-order Koopman models, and the offset-free MPC structure enhances the robustness to model uncertainties and unmeasured disturbances. A control-oriented model is obtained by hybridizing the first-principle and data-driven modeling approach. The proposed controls strategy is evaluated with a Modelica simulation model of a VRF-DOAS system. A Dymola-Python cosimulation platform is developed via the functional mockup interface (FMI), for which the MPC algorithms are implemented in Python. Simulation results show significantly better performance of the offset-free Koopman MPC in thermal comfort regulation.
Model-Based Extreme Weather Data for Predicting the Performance of Buildings Entirely Conditioned by Ambient Energy
Authors: Sharp M. Keith 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study reports the development of extreme meteorological year (XMY) data for simulating buildings that are heated and cooled entirely by ambient energy in four climates varying in outdoor temperature and cloudiness. Electrification of conventional buildings is insufficient to meet climate goals since nearly half of U.S. electricity will still be produced from fossil fuels by 2050. Ambient-conditioned buildings depend on non-fossil sources such as the sun for heating and nighttime air or sky radiation for cooling. Such buildings are more susceptible to weather variability than conventional buildings, which simply use more auxiliary energy whenever weather conditions are challenging. On the other hand, ambient-conditioned buildings are more resilient to power outages so long as the design accounts for unusual weather during extreme years to consistently maintain indoor comfort. Ambient-conditioned buildings designed to remain comfortable with typical meteorological year (TMY2020) data produced up to over 1000 h per year of uncomfortable indoor temperature during the years (1998–2020) from which the TMY was derived. Parameters related to outdoor air temperature, sky temperature, and insolation were found to be unreliable for identifying the most challenging years. Rather, a whole-building model allowed the identification of the two most challenging years for heating and cooling, respectively. An XMY file concatenated from the most challenging summer and the most challenging winter provided a good match of indoor temperature predictions to those from the full individual years. This new XMY file facilitates the design of ambient-conditioned buildings for reliable indoor comfort.
Draft genome sequence of
Arthrobacter
sp. strain B10-11 isolated from the tomato rhizosphere
Authors: Chaboy-Cansado Ruben , Cobeta Paula , Roscales Gabriel , Aguirre de Cárcer Daniel , Rastrojo Alberto 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

In the present work, we present the draft genome sequence of a new putative

Arthrobacter

species associated with the tomato rhizosphere.
Dual RNA sequencing of
Helicobacter pylori
and host cell transcriptomes reveals ontologically distinct host-pathogen interaction
Authors: Hu Wei , Zhai Zhi Yong , Huang Zhao Yu , Chen Ze Min , Zhou Ping , Li Xia Xi , Yang Gen Hua , Bao Chong Ju , You Li Juan , Cui Xiao Bing , Xia Gui Li , Ou Yang Mei Ping , Zhang Lin , Wu William Ka Kei , Li Long Fei , Zhang Yu Xuan , Xiao Zhan Gang , Gong Wei 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Helicobacter pylori
is a highly successful pathogen that poses a substantial threat to human health. However, the dynamic interaction between
H. pylori
and the human gastric epithelium has not been fully investigated. In this study, using dual RNA sequencing technology, we characterized a cytotoxin-associated gene A (
cagA
)-modulated bacterial adaption strategy by enhancing the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter-related genes,
metQ
and
HP_0888
, upon coculturing with human gastric epithelial cells. We observed a general repression of electron transport-associated genes by
cagA
, leading to the activation of oxidative phosphorylation. Temporal profiling of host mRNA signatures revealed the downregulation of multiple splicing regulators due to bacterial infection, resulting in aberrant pre-mRNA splicing of functional genes involved in the cell cycle process in response to
H. pylori
infection. Moreover, we demonstrated a protective effect of gastric
H. pylori
colonization against chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Mechanistically, we identified a cluster of propionic and butyric acid-producing bacteria,
Muribaculaceae
, selectively enriched in the colons of
H. pylori
-pre-colonized mice, which may contribute to the restoration of intestinal barrier function damaged by DSS treatment. Collectively, this study presents the first dual-transcriptome analysis of
H. pylori
during its dynamic interaction with gastric epithelial cells and provides new insights into strategies through which
H. pylori
promotes infection and pathogenesis in the human gastric epithelium.

IMPORTANCE

Simultaneous profiling of the dynamic interaction between
Helicobacter pylori
and the human gastric epithelium represents a novel strategy for identifying regulatory responses that drive pathogenesis. This study presents the first dual-transcriptome analysis of
H. pylori
when cocultured with gastric epithelial cells, revealing a bacterial adaptation strategy and a general repression of electron transportation-associated genes, both of which were modulated by cytotoxin-associated gene A (
cagA
). Temporal profiling of host mRNA signatures dissected the aberrant pre-mRNA splicing of functional genes involved in the cell cycle process in response to
H. pylori
infection. We demonstrated a protective effect of gastric
H. pylori
colonization against chronic DSS-induced colitis through both
in vitro
and
in vivo
experiments. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of how
H. pylori
promotes infection and pathogenesis in the human gastric epithelium and provide evidence to identify targets for antimicrobial therapies.
Long-term risk factors for developing Barrett’s oesophagus in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Byrne Christopher J , Brennan Paul , Carberry James , Cotton James , Dillon John F 
Published: March 2024

Background and aimsSeveral characteristics are known to affect the risk of Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) in the general population, with symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) being a critical risk factor. In this study, we examined factors that influence BO development in people living with GORD.DesignPeople living with GORD were recruited from an endoscopy unit with lifestyle, medical and prescribing history collected. Logistic regression analysis was undertaken to assess the effects of multiple parameters on the likelihood of developing BO.Results1197 participants were recruited. Most were Caucasian (n=1188, 99%), had no formal educational qualifications (n=714; 59.6%) and lived with overweight (mean body mass index >25 kg/m2). Many lived in areas of least socioeconomic resource (n=568; 47.4%). 139 (11.6%) had BO at baseline. In adjusted baseline analysis (n=1197), male sex (adjusted OR, aOR 2.04 (95% CI 1.92 to 4.12), p≤0.001), increasing age (aOR 1.03 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.04), p≤0.0001) and proton pump inhibitor use (aOR 3.03 (95% CI 1.80 to 5.13), p≤0.0001) were associated with higher odds of BO. At follow-up (n=363), 22 (6.1%) participants developed BO; male sex (aOR 3.18 (95% CI 1.28 to 7.86), p=0.012), pack-years cigarettes smoked (aOR 1.04 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.08), p=0.046) and increased alcohol intake (aOR 1.02 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.04), p=0.013), were associated with increased odds of BO.ConclusionMale sex, pack-years cigarettes smoked, and increasing alcohol intake, were independently associated with increased odds of developing BO over 20-year follow-up. These results align with research linking male sex and smoking with BO and extend this by implicating the potential role of alcohol in developing BO, which may require communication through public health messaging.
Aligning the principles and practice of research integrity and research fairness in global health: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Sempa Joseph Bukulu , Patil Rutuja , Mathewson Jake D , Kabelka Hannah , Yaghmaei Nima , Coleman Harry , Sohoni Preeti , Straetemans Masja , Gopalakrishna Gowri , Wienia Martijn , Kombe Francis , Alba Sandra 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionIn the past decade, global health research has seen a growing emphasis on research integrity and fairness. The concept of research integrity emerged in response to the reproducibility crisis in science during the late 2000s. Research fairness initiatives aim to enhance ownership and inclusivity in research involving partners with varying powers, decision-making roles and resource capacities, ultimately prioritising local health research needs. Despite extensive academic discussions, empirical data on these aspects, especially in the context of global health, remain limited.MethodsTo address this gap, we conducted a mixed-methods study focusing on research integrity and fairness. The study included an online frequency survey and in-depth key informant interviews with researchers from international research networks. The dual objectives were to quantify the frequency of practices related to research integrity and fairness and explore the determinants influencing these practices in global health.ResultsOut of 145 participants in the quantitative survey (8.4% response rate), findings indicate that global health researchers generally adhere to principles of research integrity and fairness, with variations in reported behaviours. The study identified structural, institutional and individual factors influencing these patterns, including donor landscape rigidity, institutional investments in relationship building, guidelines, mentoring and power differentials among researchers.ConclusionThis research highlights that, despite some variations, there is a substantial alignment between research integrity and fairness, with both sharing similar determinants and the overarching goal of enhancing research quality and societal benefits. The study emphasises the potential to explicitly recognise and leverage these synergies, aligning both agendas to further advance global health research.