bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastric emptying time of fluids and solids in healthy subjects determined by 13C breath tests: influence of age, sex and body mass index
Authors: Hellmig Stephan , Von Schöning Florian , Gadow Christof , Katsoulis Stavros , Hedderich Jürgen , Fölsch Ulrich Robert , Stüber Eckhard 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Disturbance of gastric emptying leads to a variety of symptoms. Furthermore, gastric motility disorders might play a role in the pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia. In previous studies 13C breath tests were validated as non‐invasive tools in the measurement of gastric emptying time. So far, reliable reference values of healthy subjects are missing and the impact of constitutional traits (age, sex, body mass index [BMI]) needs to be clarified.Methods:  A study was conducted in 90 healthy individuals (45 men, 45 women) that assessed the correlation of parameters of gastric emptying (half gastric emptying time [T1/2] and time of fastest gastric emptying [Tlag]) with age, sex and BMI for fluid and solid test meals by 13C breath tests. 100 mg of sodium acetate or sodium octanoate, respectively, were used as tracers. Breath probes were analyzed by non‐dispersive infrared spectroscopy.Results:  The mean ± SD of half gastric emptying time (T1/2) of a fluid test meal was determined to be 80.5 ± 22.1 min and for Tlag to be 40.3 ± 10.2 min. However, the T1/2 and Tlag of solid meals did not fit to normal distribution and thus median and percentiles were determined. The median time of T1/2 for solids was 127 min (25–75% percentiles: 112.0–168.3 min) and 81.5 min for Tlag (25–75% percentiles: 65.5–102.0 min). No significant correlation was found between gastric emptying and age, sex or BMI.Conclusion:  This is the first study to examine gastric emptying in an adequate number of healthy subjects by 13C breath tests. No significant correlation was found with age, sex and BMI. Although there is considerable standard deviation in gastric emptying time, these results may nevertheless serve as reference values for further studies.
Hepatic arterial flow becomes the primary supply of sinusoids following partial portal vein ligation in rats
Authors: Yokoyama Yukihiro , Wawrzyniak Andrew , Sarmadi Amir M , Baveja Rajiv , Gruber Helen E , Clemens Mark G , Zhang Jian X 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Partial portal vein ligation (PPVL) is a commonly used procedure to induce prehepatic portal hypertension in animal models. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the hepatic arterial flow becomes the primary source feeding the sinusoids in the liver after PPVL.Methods:  Sprague–Dawley rats underwent either sham operation or partial portal vein ligation (PPVL). The number of vessels in the liver at 2 weeks postoperatively was determined by factor VIII immunolocalization and the gene expression of angiogenic factors was assessed by RT‐PCR. The total hepatic arterial supply to the liver was measured using the fluorescent microsphere injection technique. To further test the hypothesis, two additional groups of rats underwent hepatic artery ligation (HAL) or PPVL plus HAL (PPHAL). The integrity of hepatic microcirculation was then evaluated in all four groups by intravital microscopy.Results:  At 2 weeks after operation, the number of vessels detected by factor VIII staining was significantly higher in PPVL compared to sham. Densitometric analysis of RT‐PCR bands revealed a significant increase of vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression in PPVL compared to sham. Arterial flow to the liver measured by fluorescent microspheres was increased by 190% in PPVL compared to sham. When all four groups were compared, no prominent histological abnormality was observed in sham, HAL, and PPVL groups; however, PPHAL livers showed focal necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration around the portal triads. Additionally, only the PPHAL livers showed a decreased sinusoidal diameter and significantly lower perfusion index (PPHAL 42.9 ± 6.1; sham 85.7 ± 7.0, PPVL 80.2 ± 6.5, HAL 70.9 ± 4.5).Conclusions:  These results suggest that the hepatic artery flow becomes the primary source for the blood supply of sinusoids and the compensatory change in the hepatic arterial system plays a critical role in maintaining microcirculatory perfusion following the restriction of the portal vein flow by PPVL.
Factors influencing the prevalence of gallstones in liver cirrhosis
Authors: Zhang Yong , Liu Dapeng , Ma Qingyong , Dang Chengxue , Wei Wei , Chen Wuke 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground and Aims:  To investigate the prevalence of gallstone disease in Chinese patients with liver cirrhosis and to identify risk factors for cholelithiasis.Methods:  Blood samples were tested and ultrasonographic examination of the upper abdomen was conducted to observe the prevalence of gallstones in 90 compensated cirrhotic patients (Child–Pugh A), 180 decompensated cirrhotic patients (Child–Pugh B, C) and 300 controls. Risk factors for gallstone formation (age, sex, pregnancy, family history) and the characteristics of liver cirrhosis (Child class, inside diameter of portal vein), and gallbladder (wall thickness) were assessed.Results:  Gallstones were found more often in cirrhotic patients (23.7%) than in controls (7.33%, P < 0.001). The prevalence of gallstones in decompensated cirrhotic patients was higher than that of the compensated cirrhotic patients (P < 0.001). Advanced age, female sex, family history of gallstones, gallbladder wall thickness 4 mm or greater and inside diameter of portal vein 13 mm or greater were significantly associated with gallstone disease in patients with liver cirrhosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that age (P < 0.001), sex (P = 0.0005) and thickness (4 mm or greater) of the gallbladder wall (P = 0.0064) were independently associated with gallstone disease in such patients.Conclusions:  This study confirms the high prevalence of cholelithiasis in liver cirrhosis. Age and sex are risk factors for gallstones and gallbladder wall thickness could be an additional risk factor for the development of gallstone in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Safer endoscopic gastric mucosal resection: Preoperative proton pump inhibitor administration
Authors: Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Kato Naoyuki , Maehata Tadateru , Okamoto Masaru , Tsuda Takashi , Hattori Santa , Yamauchi Shunichi , Fujita Kazuhiko , Baba Satoshi , Nakaya Shinichi , Inaba Hiroyuki , Kitajima Satoshi , Suzuki Michihiro , Niwa Hirohumi , Itoh Fumio 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Control of bleeding is crucial in improving the safety of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), and intragastric acidity has a great impact on hemostasis and blood coagulation. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are potent suppressors of gastric acid; however, PPI need to be continuously administered orally for several days, and thus initial effects may be insufficient if PPI is only administered immediately after EMR. The aim of this study was to determine whether preoperative administration of PPI prior to EMR can elevate intragastric acidity, facilitate better control of intraoperative bleeding (complete coagulation and hemostasis), prevent postoperative bleeding, and facilitate healing of artificial ulcers.Methods:  A randomized clinical study was conducted in which EMR was performed with or without 1 week of preoperative PPI administration.Results:  Artificial ulcers created by EMR healed more rapidly in patients who received preoperative PPI.Conclusions:  The results of the study suggest that preoperative administration of PPI before EMR is useful for controlling and preventing bleeding, and for facilitating the healing of artificial ulcers.
Influence of overweight and obesity on upper endoscopic findings
Authors: Kim Hong Joo , Yoo Tae Woo , Park Dong Il , Park Jung Ho , Cho Yong Kyun , Sohn Chong Il , Jeon Woo Kyu , Kim Byung Ik 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground:  In previous studies, increasing body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was related to chronic gastrointestinal symptoms, such as frequent vomiting, upper abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea. However, there have been no reports about the relationship between increasing BMI and abnormal upper endoscopic findings such as gastritis or ulcer.Methods:  The study group consisted of 27 319 individuals who underwent medical checkup at a healthcare center from 1 January to 31 December 2003. The following classification of BMI was applied. (i) underweight; BMI < 18.5; (ii) normal weight; 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25.0; (iii) overweight; 25.0 ≤ BMI < 30.0; and (iv) obese; BMI ≥ 30.0. The subjects were grouped according to the findings of upper endoscopy as follows: group 1, those with erosive gastritis, gastric ulcers (benign and malignant) and duodenal ulcers; group 2, those with reflux esophagitis; and group 3, those with findings of upper endoscopy other than group 1 and group 2.Results:  The prevalence of obesity and overweight was 2.2% and 30.5%, respectively. By multivariate analyses, overweight (OR 1.31, 95% CI; 1.22–1.40, P = 0.000) and obesity (OR 1.40, 95% CI; 1.14–1.72, P = 0.001) were significant contributors of group 1. Overweight (OR 1.61, 95% CI; 1.42–1.83, P = 0.000) and obesity (OR 2.23, 95% CI; 1.59–3.11, P = 0.000) were also significant contributors of group 2.Conclusions:  In the general population, increasing BMI was associated with abnormal upper endoscopic findings, such as erosive gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and reflux esophagitis. Clarification of the cause‐and‐effect relationships and the mechanisms of these associations require further investigation.
Serum levels of stem cell factor and thrombopoietin are markedly decreased in fulminant hepatic failure patients with a poor prognosis
Authors: Okumoto Kazuo , Saito Takafumi , Onodera Motoyuki , Sakamoto Ayuka , Tanaka Mamiko , Hattori Etsuko , Haga Hiroaki , Ito Jun–Itsu , Sugahara Kazuhiko , Saito Koji , Togashi Hitoshi , Kawata Sumio 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Hematopoietic growth factors including stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) have a potential role in inducing bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells to move into the circulation, and the association of these factors with liver regeneration has received a lot of attention recently. The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of such factors in patients with acute liver injury.Methods:  The subjects were 25 patients with acute hepatitis (AH) who had a favorable prognosis and 26 patients with fulminant hepatitis (FH), of whom 11 were alive and 15 had died. Sixty‐six healthy subjects matched for age and sex served as controls. Serum samples were collected before treatment, and the levels of SCF, TPO and G‐CSF were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assays.Results:  The levels of SCF and TPO were significantly lower in FH patients than in AH patients and the controls, and were also significantly lower in the FH patients who died, compared to the surviving patients. The G‐CSF levels did not differ among them.Conclusions:  These results suggest that low serum levels of SCF and TPO may be linked to poor prognosis in patients with severe liver injury.
Clinical usefulness of CYFRA 21‐1 for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in radiation therapy
Authors: Wakatsuki Masaru , Suzuki Yoshihiko , Nakamoto Soken , Ohno Tatsuya , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Kiyohara Hiroki , Kiyozuka Makoto , Shirai Katsuyuki , Nakayama Yuko , Nakano Takashi 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to examine the clinical usefulness of cytokeratin 19 fragments (CYFRA 21‐1) compared with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen in patients with esophageal cancer treated with radiation therapy.Methods:  Fifty‐one patients with stage I–IV esophageal cancer were evaluated. CYFRA 21‐1 and SCC antigen serum levels were measured at the start and the end of radiation therapy.Results:  CYFRA 21‐1 (>3.5 ng/mL) and SCC antigen (>1.5 ng/mL) before radiation therapy were elevated in 63% and 53% of the patients, respectively. The CYFRA 21‐1 levels were significantly correlated with TNM stages, tumor depth and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0003, P = 0.019 and P = 0.019, respectively), whereas no correlation was observed between SCC antigen and these factors. The values of CYFRA 21‐1 in all patients who survived without recurrence were under the cutoff level at the end of treatment, but the values in all patients with locoregional recurrence were above the level. However, there was no significant correlation between SCC antigen level at the end of treatment and any clinical outcome.Conclusions:  The results suggest that the evaluation of CYFRA 21‐1 would be useful not only for assessment before radiation therapy but also for monitoring after radiation therapy in the treatment for esophageal cancer.
Cyanoacrylate in the treatment of gastric varices complicated by multiple pulmonary emboli
Authors: Alexander S. , Korman M. G. , Sievert W. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBleeding gastric varices are increasingly being obliterated with the aid of endoscopic injection of n‐butyl‐cyanoacrylate (histoacryl) diluted with lipiodol. This glue acts as a tissue adhesive that polymerizes on contact with blood in a gastric varix. Severe glue pulmonary embolism is a rare complication of injection therapy. This case involves a 52‐year‐old man with fundal gastric varices, who developed multiple pulmonary emboli following glue injection with profound hypoxia requiring hospital admission for 13 days, but with eventual recovery of normal lung function.
Temporal trends in major angioplasty complications: technical issues and the case for on‐site coronary surgery
Authors: Mishra K. J. , Sage P. R. , Philpott A. C. , Zeitz C. J. , Horowitz J. D. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe need for on‐site cardiac surgery has been a component of guidelines for the practice of elective and emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, proportions of cases requiring emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) post‐PCI have fallen. This audit of complications of PCI confirms the very low incidence of need for emergency CABG, despite increasingly complex PCI caseload. Although the availability of stents/antiplatelet pharmacotherapy probably has contributed to improved PCI outcomes, the avoidance of emergency CABG is not contingent on either extensive use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors or strategies of universal stenting.
Nocturnal hypoxia in motor neuron disease is not predicted by standard respiratory function tests
Authors: Winhammar J. M. C. , Joffe D. , Simmul R. , Schoeffel R. , Kiernan M. C. , Rowe D. B. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground: With increasing awareness of motor neuron disease (MND) in Australia, the approach to respiratory management of patients with this disease will more commonly face the respiratory physician.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine if standard respiratory function tests could determine the presence of nocturnal hypoxia (NH) in patients with MND.Methods: Respiratory function tests were used to examine daytime respiratory function, and sleep studies were used to detect NH in 16 consecutive patients with MND and in 9 healthy control subjects. Demographic data, clinical parameters, respiratory function tests and sleep studies were obtained. Statistical analyses were carried out using t‐tests and anova, where appropriate.Results: NH was detected in 50% of patients with MND, with no hypoxic events detected in the control group. Standard respiratory function tests were not able to predict the presence of NH.Conclusion: There was no correlation between respiratory function tests and NH. This study emphasizes the inability of standard respiratory function tests to predict NH that may arise early in the course of MND.
Outcomes of patients with interstitial lung disease referred for lung transplant assessment
Authors: Reed A. , Snell G. I. , McLean C. , Williams T. J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground: Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) very frequently die before the opportunity to receive lung transplantation (LTx). This retrospective study describes the clinical course of 86 patients with ILD referred for LTx assessment between January 1999 and December 2002.Aims: (i) To describe the outcomes, (ii) to identify reasons of delay to transplantation, (iii) to describe the causes of death/complications and (iv) to assess the pathological diagnosis and concordance with explanted lung pathology.Methods: Data were collected from the case notes of all patients with ILD referred to the Alfred Hospital over a 4‐year period.Results: Twenty women and 66 men, mean age of 55 ± 8 years, were referred for LTx assessment. Forty‐five patients were deemed not suitable for LTx and 41 were listed. Twenty‐two patients underwent transplantation, 16 died on the waiting list and 7 are still on the waiting list. Complications were frequent (e.g. pulmonary embolism, malignancy and infection) and carried high mortality. Patients dying on the waiting list appeared generally to be in accelerated decline, dying shortly after listing, with no evidence in their lung function test assessment predicting them as a poor prognosis group.Conclusions: Serious complications and death on the waiting list of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are high, not apparently because of delayed referral but usually in patients undergoing very rapid decline.
Quinine‐induced renal failure as a result of rhabdomyolysis, haemolytic uraemic syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Lim A. K. H. , Ho L. , Levidiotis V. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis report describes a case of quinine‐induced acute renal failure as a result of a combination of haemolytic uraemic syndrome and rhabdomyolysis with disseminated intravascular coagulation. The abrupt onset of symptoms occurred after ingestion of 300 mg of quinine along with atorvastatin. The patient recovered with supportive management, suggesting that plasma exchange may not be necessary in this situation. The possibility of a drug interaction contributing to rhabdomyolysis is raised. The proposed mechanism is through quinine inhibition of the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 3A4, which may increase systemic levels of atorvastatin by reducing its first‐pass metabolism.
Near infrared spectroscopy monitoring during pediatric aortic coarctation repair
Authors: BERENS RICHARD J. , STUTH ECKEHARD A. , ROBERTSON FREDERICK A. , JAQUISS ROBERT D. , HOFFMAN GEORGE M. , TROSHYNSKI TODD J. , STAUDT SUSAN R. , CAVA JOSEPH R. , TWEDDELL JAMES S. , BERT LITWIN S. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryBackground:  Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measures regional tissue oxygenation continuously and noninvasively and may allow assessment of changes in regional perfusion in real time.Methods:  We used NIRS monitoring to track real‐time changes in regional oxygenation (rSO2) above and below the aortic cross‐clamp in patients undergoing aortic coarctation repair and routinely stored these data in an operative electronic data base. This allowed us to analyze the changes in rSO2 during aortic coarctation repair for three pediatric age groups (neonates, infants <1 year, and children >1 year).Two site [cerebral (rSO2‐C) and somatic thoracodorsal (rSO2‐S)] rSO2 monitoring was performed in patients undergoing aortic coarctation repair. Data for rSO2 were analyzed across sites and age groups before, during and after cross‐clamp.Results:  Twenty‐six patients were available for analysis (11 neonates, 5 infants and 10 children). The regional oxygenation below the cross clamp (rSO2‐S) declined significantly in all three age groups, but the decrease in neonates and infants <1 year of age was significantly greater than in the older children.Conclusions:  Monitoring rSO2‐S provides real‐time trend information of regional oxygenation below the aortic cross‐clamp. The decline in rSO2‐S during aortic cross‐clamp was rapid and large in most neonates and young infants <1 year which suggests impairment of regional perfusion presumably because of a lack of adequate collateral circulation to the monitored regional tissue. In contrast, the rSO2‐S changed only to a minor degree in most infants and children >1 year, possibly because they had time to develop a more adequate collateral circulation around incomplete aortic obstruction.
Comparison of the effects of topical administration of a fixed combination of dorzolamide–timolol to monotherapy with timolol or dorzolamide on IOP, pupil size, and heart rate in glaucomatous dogs
Authors: Plummer Caryn E. , MacKay Edward O. , Gelatt Kirk N. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjective To determine whether the combination multiple‐dose dorzolamide–timolol administered topically has any greater effects on the reduction of intraocular pressure, pupil size, and heart rate in dogs with glaucoma than do either timolol or dorzolamide alone.Procedure Applanation tonometry, pupil size, and heart rate measurements were made at 7 a.m., 1 p.m., and 7 p.m. daily of 12 laboratory Beagles with inherited primary open‐angle glaucoma during each active phase of this study. Timolol 0.5% was administered first twice daily for 4 consecutive days. Dorzolamide 2.0% was administered next three times daily for 4 consecutive days. The fixed combination of the two (timolol 0.5% and dorzolamide 2.0%) was administered twice daily for 4 consecutive days during the final week of the study. Between administration of each drug, a withdrawal period of at least 10 days was instituted. Statistical comparisons between the effects of the three drugs were performed.Results Intraocular pressure (IOP) was decreased with the administration of all three drugs: timolol alone, dorzolamide alone, and the combination of the two decreased IOP after 1 day of treatment 2.83 ± 0.70 mmHg, 6.47 ± 0.32 mmHg, and 6.56 ± 0.37 mmHg, respectively. After 4 days of treatment, the IOP decreased even further: timolol alone, dorzolamide alone, and the combination of the two decreased IOP 3.75 ± 0.88 mmHg, 7.50 ± 0.29 mmHg, and 8.42 ± 0.58 mmHg, respectively. Heart rate was significantly decreased with timolol (−11.9 ± 2.0 bpm) and the combination preparation (−8.6 + 2.4 bpm), but not with dorzolamide (−3.7 ± 1.8 bpm) alone. Pupil size was significantly decreased with timolol (−1.42 + 0.40 mm) and the combination preparation (−1.3 + 0.33 mm), but not with dorzolamide (0.97 ± 0.36 mm) alone.Conclusions The combination dorzolamide–timolol appears to be more effective at reducing intraocular pressure in glaucomatous dogs than is either timolol or dorzolamide alone.