bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compartmental anisotropy of filtered exchange imaging (FEXI) in human white matter: What is happening in FEXI?
Authors: Shin Hyeong‐Geol , Li Xu , Heo Hye‐Young , Knutsson Linda , Szczepankiewicz Filip , Nilsson Markus , van Zijl Peter C. M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effects of compartmental anisotropy on filtered exchange imaging (FEXI) in white matter (WM).Theory and MethodsFEXI signals were measured using multiple combinations of diffusion filter and detection directions in five healthy volunteers. Additional filters, including a trace‐weighted diffusion filter with trapezoidal gradients, a spherical b‐tensor encoded diffusion filter, and a T2 filter, were tested with trace‐weighted diffusion detection.ResultsA large range of apparent exchange rates (AXR) and both positive and negative filter efficiencies (σ) were found depending on the mutual orientation of the filter and detection gradients relative to WM fiber orientation. The data demonstrated that the fast‐diffusion compartment suppressed by diffusional filtering is not exclusively extra‐cellular, but also intra‐cellular. While not comprehensive, a simple two‐compartment diffusion tensor model with water exchange was able to account qualitatively for the trends in positive and negative filtering efficiencies, while standard model imaging (SMI) without exchange could not. This two‐compartment diffusion tensor model also demonstrated smaller AXR variances across subjects. When employing trace‐weighted diffusion detection, AXR values were on the order of the R1 (=1/T1) of water at 3T for crossing fibers, while being less than R1 for parallel fibers.ConclusionOrientation‐dependent AXR and σ values were observed when using multi‐orientation filter and detection gradients in FEXI, indicating that WM FEXI models need to account for compartmental anisotropy. When using trace‐weighted detection, AXR values were on the order of or less than R1, complicating the interpretation of FEXI results in WM in terms of biological exchange properties. These findings may contribute toward better understanding of FEXI results in WM.
3D balanced SSFP UTE MRI for multiple contrasts whole brain imaging
Authors: Shen Xin , Caverzasi Eduardo , Yang Yang , Liu Xiaoxi , Green Ari , Henry Roland G. , Emir Uzay , Larson Peder E. Z. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to develop a new high‐resolution MRI sequence for the imaging of the ultra‐short transverse relaxation time (uT2) components in the brain, while simultaneously providing proton density (PD) contrast for reference and quantification.TheoryThe sequence combines low flip angle balanced SSFP (bSSFP) and UTE techniques, together with a 3D dual‐echo rosette k‐space trajectory for readout.MethodsThe expected image contrast was evaluated by simulations. A study cohort of six healthy volunteers and eight multiple sclerosis (MS) patients was recruited to test the proposed sequence. Subtraction between two TEs was performed to extract uT2 signals. In addition, conventional longitudinal relaxation time (T1) weighted, T2‐weighted, and PD‐weighted MRI sequences were also acquired for comparison.ResultsTypical PD‐contrast was found in the second TE images, while uT2 signals were selectively captured in the first TE images. The subtraction images presented signals primarily originating from uT2 components, but only if the first TE is short enough. Lesions in the MS subjects showed hyperintense signals in the second TE images but were hypointense signals in the subtraction images. The lesions had significantly lower signal intensity in subtraction images than normal white matter (WM), which indicated a reduction of uT2 components likely associated with myelin.Conclusion3D isotropic sub‐millimeter (0.94 mm) spatial resolution images were acquired with the novel bSSFP UTE sequence within 3 min. It provided easy extraction of uT2 signals and PD‐contrast for reference within a single acquisition.
Automated tumor immunophenotyping predicts clinical benefit from anti‐PD‐L1 immunotherapy
Authors: Li Xiao , Eastham Jeffrey , Giltnane Jennifer M , Zou Wei , Zijlstra Andries , Tabatsky Evgeniy , Banchereau Romain , Chang Ching‐Wei , Nabet Barzin Y , Patil Namrata S , Molinero Luciana , Chui Steve , Harryman Maureen , Lau Shari , Rangell Linda , Waumans Yannick , Kockx Mark , Orlova Darya , Koeppen Hartmut 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has transformed the clinical approach to patients with malignancies, as profound benefits can be seen in a subset of patients. To identify this subset, biomarker analyses increasingly focus on phenotypic and functional evaluation of the tumor microenvironment to determine if density, spatial distribution, and cellular composition of immune cell infiltrates can provide prognostic and/or predictive information. Attempts have been made to develop standardized methods to evaluate immune infiltrates in the routine assessment of certain tumor types; however, broad adoption of this approach in clinical decision‐making is still missing. We developed approaches to categorize solid tumors into ‘desert’, ‘excluded’, and ‘inflamed’ types according to the spatial distribution of CD8+ immune effector cells to determine the prognostic and/or predictive implications of such labels. To overcome the limitations of this subjective approach, we incrementally developed four automated analysis pipelines of increasing granularity and complexity for density and pattern assessment of immune effector cells. We show that categorization based on ‘manual’ observation is predictive for clinical benefit from anti‐programmed death ligand 1 therapy in two large cohorts of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer or triple‐negative breast cancer. For the automated analysis we demonstrate that a combined approach outperforms individual pipelines and successfully relates spatial features to pathologist‐based readouts and the patient's response to therapy. Our findings suggest that tumor immunophenotype generated by automated analysis pipelines should be evaluated further as potential predictive biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Progress in photocontrolled radical polymerization for the synthesis of nonlinear polymer architectures
Authors: Lee Dongjoo , Wang Hanqing , Verduzco Rafael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractControlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques enable the preparation of diverse, chemically tailored polymers with a variety of chain architectures. Separately, light‐mediated polymerization reactions offer a number of advantages over thermal polymerizations in terms of energy efficiency, sustainability, and versatility. Recent work has combined photopolymerization and CRP techniques to advance the synthesis of polymers with nonlinear architectures, including bottlebrush polymers, star polymers, hyperbranched polymers, and cyclic polymers. These photoCRP methods offer novel routes to nonlinear polymers using mild reaction conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of photoCRP techniques for the synthesis of nonlinear polymers. We start with a discussion of photoCRP applied to the synthesis of linear polymers and discuss the underlying reaction mechanisms. Then, we discuss photoCRP applied to the synthesis of bottlebrush, star, hyperbranched, cyclic, and surface‐initiated polymer brushes. For each case, we discuss the synthetic strategy and the unique properties and characteristics of the resulting polymers, and we provide a perspective on potential future directions for research.
Integrated management of childhood illness in Rwanda: Impact of mentorship on the quality of care in Nyanza and Huye districts
Authors: Mirindi Alain , Kayinamura Assumpta Mwali , Ndibaza Amedee Fidele , Uwamahoro Liliane , Ndatimana Dieudonne , Bikorimana Ferdinand , Mazimpaka Christian , Kalisa Richard 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn Rwanda, health posts (HPs) are intermediary primary care facilities that provide comprehensive primary care services to communities and are located at a reasonable walking distance from people's homes. We assessed the readiness of HPs for Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) services and examined changes in the quality of care for IMCI services between districts that implemented IMCI mentorship program (Nyanza district) and Huye district which it did not.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study to assess whether there was change in the quality of IMCI care provided at 17 Nyanza HPs 1‐year after IMCI mentorship implementation. The readiness of HPs for IMCI was assessed across nine factors, resulting in essential (all factors) and desirable (less than seven factors) composite scores. Unpaired t‐tests were used to measure changes in IMCI quality.ResultsThe HPs with IMCI mentorship had an increase in mean desirable (0.7–0.89) and essential (0.61–0.78) composite scores compared to non‐mentored HPs in Huye. The nurses who received mentorship program had improved scores in factors like IMCI training, service package availability, register availability, supportive supervision, and basic equipment availability. Quality improvements in IMCI assessments were observed in vital sign registration, danger sign detection, cough identification, malnutrition screening, and tuberculosis sign identification in the mentored HPs.ConclusionMentorship of nurses in HPs holds promise for enhancing facility readiness and IMCI service quality. Before expanding clinical mentorship, identified gaps such as staffing, supply chains, and health financing need to be addressed.
Study of the impurity profile of photodegradation in lomefloxacin hydrochloride ear drops using liquid chromatography combined with ion trap/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Zeng Hongxia , Yang Ying , Gao Jiarui , Zhou Yuping , Zheng Jinqi 
Published: March 2024

RationaleLomefloxacin hydrochloride ear drops are highly unstable to light and prone to produce photodegradation impurities. These impurities might be related to the phototoxicity of lomefloxacin, which could seriously threaten the health of patients. In this article, the photodegradation impurity profile in lomefloxacin hydrochloride ear drops was studied for further improvement of quality control of the drug.MethodsBy studying the chromatographic behavior of photodegradation impurities, the photodegradation impurities in lomefloxacin hydrochloride ear drops were separated and detected effectively. Liquid chromatography combined with ion trap/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was applied to characterize the structures of the photodegradation impurities in lomefloxacin hydrochloride ear drops.ResultsThe structures of 17 impurities in lomefloxacin hydrochloride ear drops were elucidated based on high‐resolution MSn data in positive ion mode, 12 of them being unknown impurities.ConclusionsThe structural characteristics and fragmentation patterns of the photodegradation impurities were also studied. The study of the photodegradation impurity profile in lomefloxacin hydrochloride ear drops provides a scientific basis for quality control of these ear drops and ensures the safety of drug use by the public.
Factors influencing household VMT considering differences between ICE and electric vehicles
Authors: Kwon Kihyun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examines factors affecting household vehicle miles traveled (VMT) with a focus on the differences between electric vehicles (EVs) and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). This study mainly utilizes detailed individual‐level data from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey‐California Add‐on (2017 NHTS‐CA). We first classify households into three groups such as (1) households with only ICEVs, (2) households with only EVs, and (3) households with both ICEVs and EVs. We then employ ordinary least square regression models to analyze the determinants of household VMT across three groups. Second, we focus on households with both ICEVs and EVs to look at the substitute patterns between ICEVs and EVs. We employ a fractional logit model to analyze the factors affecting the share of EVs' VMT in total household VMT. Key findings are as follows. First, households with only EVs tend to have lower household VMT than others. Second, available charging stations near residential locations lead to longer households VMT in households with only EVs. Third, employment density has different effects on household VMT by groups. For instance, high employment density leads to shorter household VMT in households with only ICEVs and with both ICEVs and EVs. On the other hand, high employment density reveals a statistically positive effect on household VMT in households with only EVs. Lastly, in households with both ICEVs and EVs, the share of EVs' VMT is likely to increase in total household VMT if EVs are used more for work trips and shopping/family errands.
Supply chain management research productivity and topics: 2020–2022
Authors: Maloni Michael J. , Franza Richard M. , Lowman Graham H. , Naphsin Stuart A. , Golara Sina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article continues the longest‐standing evaluation of publication productivity in the academic field of supply chain with the combined series spanning 55 years. In this edition, we update the schools and individual scholars producing the most supply chain publications from 2020 to 2022. Despite a new top‐ranked school, the top 10 list remains largely consistent with previous editions, as does the core set of top supply chain doctoral programs. In contrast, the list of the remaining top 25 schools continues to change and includes more international (i.e., non‐U.S.) schools. Additionally, the barriers to entry to become a strong supply chain research school are lower than in the past, while author concentration analyses confirm that the supply chain scholarly field has become more dispersed. Combined, the results support not only highly productive authors and schools with recognition and resource requests but also aspiring authors and schools with their research paths and benchmarking. We voice concerns, however, about both the supply of new supply chain scholars and the decreasing authorship of industry practitioners that had been a staple of our applied field. As a further contribution, we organize the most frequent keywords since 2020 to help scholars identify contemporary and understudied topics.
Gastric dilatation and volvulus in a 10‐week‐old Pembroke Welsh Corgi with renal dysplasia
Authors: Border Sophie Olivia , Chia Louis Julian , Lott Katie Michelle , Evans Alecia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA 10‐week‐old Pembroke Welsh Corgi was presented for unproductive retching and abdominal distension to a referral hospital in Brisbane, Australia. The puppy had a history of polydipsia and was reported to have been drinking excessively prior to presentation. A 360° gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) was diagnosed radiographically. The puppy underwent surgery for gastric derotation and incisional gastropexy. Follow‐up testing was consistent with congenital renal dysplasia. To the author's knowledge, there are no previous case reports of a GDV in a medium‐breed puppy. Overindulgence of water has not previously been identified as a risk factor for GDV in the literature.
Climate change science is evolving toward adaptation and mitigation solutions
Authors: Khojasteh Danial , Haghani Milad , Shamsipour Abbas , Zwack Clara C. , Glamore William , Nicholls Robert J. , England Matthew H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSynthesizing the extensive and ever‐growing climate change literature is becoming increasingly challenging using conventional review processes, yet is crucial to understand key trends, including knowledge and policy related gaps, managing widespread impacts, and prioritizing future efforts. Here, we employ a systematic approach to interrogate ~130,000 international peer‐reviewed climate change articles published between 1990 and 2021. We examine the time–space evolution of research topics and international collaborations, providing insights into broad scale climate change research themes, how they are developed and/or are interconnected. Our analyses indicate that significant thematic adjustments have occurred over the past three decades. Whilst all major areas of climate research have grown in output metrics, there has been a relative shift from understanding the physical science basis toward evaluating climate change impacts, adaptation, and mitigation. There has also been a significant internationalization of climate research with the ratio of international over domestic research increasing from 0.05 in 1990 to nearly 0.60 in 2021. These findings reveal a growing need for collective and coupled adaptation‐mitigation actions to address climate change. The repeatable method and overall results presented herein can help to complement existing large‐scale literature assessments, such as future IPCC reports.This article is categorized under:
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives
Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Methods of Integrated Assessment of Climate Change
Flat-panel Detector Perfusion Imaging and Conventional Multidetector Perfusion Imaging in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Serrallach Bettina L. , Mujanovic Adnan , Ntoulias Nikolaos , Manhart Michael , Branca Mattia , Brehm Alex , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Kurmann Christoph C. , Piechowiak Eike I. , Pilgram-Pastor Sara , Meinel Thomas , Seiffge David , Mordasini Pasquale , Gralla Jan , Dobrocky Tomas , Kaesmacher Johannes 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Flat-panel detector computed tomography (FDCT) is increasingly used in (neuro)interventional angiography suites. This study aimed to compare FDCT perfusion (FDCTP) with conventional multidetector computed tomography perfusion (MDCTP) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods
In this study, 19 patients with large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation who had undergone mechanical thrombectomy, baseline MDCTP and pre-interventional FDCTP were included. Hypoperfused tissue volumes were manually segmented on time to maximum (Tmax) and time to peak (TTP) maps based on the maximum visible extent. Absolute and relative thresholds were applied to the maximum visible extent on Tmax and relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) maps to delineate penumbra volumes and volumes with a high likelihood of irreversible infarcted tissue (“core”). Standard comparative metrics were used to evaluate the performance of FDCTP.

Results
Strong correlations and robust agreement were found between manually segmented volumes on MDCTP and FDCTP Tmax maps (r = 0.85, 95% CI 0.65–0.94, p < 0.001; ICC = 0.85, 95% CI 0.69–0.94) and TTP maps (r = 0.91, 95% CI 0.78–0.97, p < 0.001; ICC = 0.90, 95% CI 0.78–0.96); however, direct quantitative comparisons using thresholding showed lower correlations and weaker agreement (MDCTP versus FDCTP Tmax 6 s: r = 0.35, 95% CI −0.13–0.69, p = 0.15; ICC = 0.32, 95% CI 0.07–0.75). Normalization techniques improved results for Tmax maps (r = 0.78, 95% CI 0.50–0.91, p < 0.001; ICC = 0.77, 95% CI 0.55–0.91). Bland-Altman analyses indicated a slight systematic underestimation of FDCTP Tmax maximum visible extent volumes and slight overestimation of FDCTP TTP maximum visible extent volumes compared to MDCTP.

Conclusion
FDCTP and MDCTP provide qualitatively comparable volumetric results on Tmax and TTP maps; however, direct quantitative measurements of infarct core and hypoperfused tissue volumes showed lower correlations and agreement.
Uveitis anterior – Update
Authors: Teuchner Barbara , Prenner Veronika 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Uveitis anterior, eine Entzündung des vorderen Teils der Uvea (Iris, Ziliarkörper), ist die häufigste Form der Uveitis (58–90 %) [1, 2]. Sie kann nach verschiedenen Merkmalen wie zeitlichem Verlauf, Erscheinungsbild oder Ursache unterschieden werden. Klinische Anzeichen einer akuten Uveitis sind ziliäre Injektion, Vorderkammerzellen, Tyndall-Reaktion und Miosis, die zur Bildung posteriorer Synechien prädisponieren. Darüber hinaus können im Verlauf Komplikationen wie Makulaödem, Glaukom oder Katarakt auftreten. Für die richtige Therapie ist es wichtig, die Ursache der Uveitis zu kennen oder zumindest einige wichtige Ursachen auszuschließen. Durch eine ausführliche Anamnese und wenige gezielte diagnostische Maßnahmen wie Blutabnahme, Lungenröntgenaufnahme oder Vorderkammerpunktion können die wichtigsten und häufigsten Differenzialdiagnosen ausgeschlossen oder bestätigt werden. Dennoch kann bei 20–50 % der Patienten keine Ursache gefunden werden und sie werden als idiopathisch eingestuft [3]. Die häufigste nichtinfektiöse Ursache ist ein positiver HLA-B27-Status, der häufig mit Systemerkrankungen wie axialer Spondyloarthritis oder chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen assoziiert ist. Die Therapie besteht je nach Schweregrad der Entzündung in lokaler und/oder oraler Kortisontherapie oder in einer langfristigen kortisonsparenden Immunsuppression. Die infektiöse Uveitis anterior wird häufig durch Viren (Herpesvirus, Zytomegalievirus) oder auch Bakterien wie Borrelien oder Treponema pallidum verursacht. Die Therapie besteht hier – je nach Genese – in der Gabe von Antibiotika oder antiviralen Medikamenten. Zusätzlich kann topisches oder orales Kortison verabreicht werden, um die Entzündung zu unterdrücken. Sonderformen wie die Fuchs-Uveitis oder das Posner-Schlossmann-Syndrom sind pathognomonisch und können klinisch diagnostiziert werden.
Academic self-concept, achievement, and goal orientations in different learning environments
Authors: Steinberg Olga , Kulakow Stefan , Raufelder Diana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStage-Environment Fit Theory underlines the role of learning environments and their match with students’ needs as crucial for students’ motivation and learning. This study explores the mediation role of goal orientations in the interplay of academic self-concept and achievement in mathematics and verbal domains in student-directed and teacher-directed learning environments. The sample consists of 1153 adolescent students (Mage t1 = 13.97; SD = 1.37, 49% girls) from Germany. Multi-group cross-lagged panel analyses confirm the Reciprocal Effects Model for the student-directed learning environment only, as reciprocal relation of academic self-concept and grades over time has been found. The extension of the Reciprocal Effects Model with goal orientations as mediators could not be confirmed for any learning environment.
Giant Flexoelectric Effect in Snapping Surfaces Enhanced by Graded Stiffness
Authors: Zhao Chuo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFlexoelectricity is present in nonuniformly deformed dielectric materials and has size-dependent properties, making it useful for microelectromechanical systems. Flexoelectricity is small compared to piezoelectricity; therefore, producing a large-scale flexoelectric effect is of great interest. In this paper, we explore a way to enhance the flexoelectric effect by utilizing the snap-through instability and a stiffness gradient present along the length of a curved dielectric plate. To analyze the effect of stiffness profiles on the plate, we employ numerical parameter continuation. Our analysis reveals a nonlinear relationship between the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient and the gradient of Young’s modulus. Moreover, we demonstrate that the quadratic profile is more advantageous than the linear profile. For a dielectric plate with a quadratic profile and a modulus gradient of − 0.9, the effective coefficient can reach as high as 15.74 pC/N, which is over three times the conventional coupling coefficient of piezoelectric material. This paper contributes to our understanding of the amplification of flexoelectric effects by harnessing snapping surfaces and stiffness gradient design.