bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CE‐MS in metabolomics
Authors: Ramautar Rawi , Somsen Govert W. , de Jong Gerhardus J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAn overview of the use of CE‐MS in the field of metabolomics is provided. Metabolomics is concerned with the comprehensive analysis of endogenous low‐molecular‐weight compounds in biological samples. CE‐MS has demonstrated to be a powerful technique for the profiling of polar metabolites in biological samples. This review covers the use of various CE separation modes, capillary coatings, MS analyzers, sample preparation techniques, and data analysis methods used in CE‐MS for metabolomics. The applicability of CE‐MS in metabolomics research is illustrated by giving examples of the analysis of bacterial extracts, plant extracts, urine, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid samples. The relevant CE‐MS metabolomics studies published between 2000 and 2008 are presented in tabular form, including information on sample type and pretreatment and MS detection mode. Future developments with regard to the use of alternative ionization techniques, the use of coupled separation systems and the potential of microchip CE systems for metabolomics are discussed.
Recent advances in IEF in capillary tubes and microchips
Authors: Shimura Kiyohito 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe methodological advancements in CIEF in tubes and microchips during the period between 2002 and early 2008 are reviewed as a continuation of previous review by the same author (Electrophoresis 2002, 23, 3847–3857). After a brief introduction, the following topics related to CIEF technologies are addressed: the materials used to form capillary tubes and chips; modes of CIEF related to the detection schemes; coatings of the capillary walls; additives to the separation media; sample‐loading methods; development of pI markers and their use; focusing time in relation to the length of the pH gradient; resolution in terms of a peak capacity; and, the reproducibility and precision of CIEF. Three principal detection methods are examined, i.e. ultraviolet absorption, fluorescence and MS. The coupling of CIEF with other electrokinetic separation methods and chromatography is discussed, including many multidimensional systems constructed for proteome analysis using mass spectrometric identification. The developments in the separation of non‐covalent complexes and microorganisms are examined. After a short conclusion, this review ends with 176 references.
Evaluation of frequencies of HPRT mutant lymphocytes in butadiene polymer workers in a Southeast Texas facility
Authors: Wickliffe Jeffrey K. , Ammenheuser Marinel M. , Adler P. Jene , Abdel‐Rahman Sherif Z. , Ward Jonathan B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe examined the frequency of mutant lymphocytes (VFs) in workers (n = 30) occupationally exposed to the petrochemical, 1,3‐butadiene (BD), using the autoradiographic HPRT mutant lymphocyte assay. Current exposures were determined with organic vapor monitors that had a 12‐hr method detection limit (MDL) of 2.5 parts per billion (ppb). HPRT VFs were analyzed with respect to current exposure estimates, age in years, and occupational longevity (OL; defined as years working in the BD industry at this facility). Current exposures were low (mean 93.5 ppb, median 2.5 ppb) with only one individual's estimate (1683.5 ppb) exceeding the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's permissible exposure limit of 1,000 ppb. The majority (>50%) of current exposures were below the MDL. HPRT VFs were not significantly associated with current exposures (n = 29), and they were not significantly associated with age (n = 29). HPRT VFs were, however, significantly associated with OL (n = 29, R2 = 0.107, P < 0.046). This result suggests that chronic and/or past, high‐level exposures might leave a mutagenic signature that is revealed by the HPRT assay, possibly through the retention of mutant, long‐term memory T‐cells. While it is encouraging that current occupational exposures to BD in this facility do not appear to be increasing the frequency of mutant T‐lymphocytes, evidence from workers with a lengthy history in the industry (≥30 years in this case) indicates that these individuals likely require additional biomonitoring for possible mutagenic effects resulting from chronic, past exposures. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of the genotoxic effect of pesticides on greenhouse workers' lymphocytes
Authors: Piperakis Stylianos M. , Kontogianni Konstantia , Karanastasi Georgia , Iakovidou‐Kritsi Zafiroula , Cebulska‐Wasilewska Antonina , Piperakis Michael M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn the present study, the genotoxic effects of commonly applied pesticides were evaluated using the alkaline comet assay (pH > 13). The amount of DNA damage (% DNA in tail) in peripheral lymphocytes of 49 male agricultural workers from Southern Poland were measured and compared to 50 men from the same area who had no previous occupational exposure to pesticides. No statistically significant differences in basal DNA damage were found between the study groups. In addition, exposure of peripheral blood lymphocytes to hydrogen peroxide (100 and 150 μM) or γ‐irradiation (2.5 or 4.2 Gy) led to a similar degree of additional DNA damage and subsequent repair (for 2 hr) for all studied populations. In conclusion, our results indicate that the greenhouse workers who participated in this study had no detectable increased DNA damage or alteration in their cellular response to DNA damage in comparison to our control population. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NAT2 fast acetylator genotype and MGMT promoter methylation may contribute to gender difference in K‐RAS mutation occurrence in Taiwanese colorectal cancer
Authors: Huang Chi‐Chou , Chien Wen‐Pin , Wong Ruey‐Hong , Cheng Ya‐Wen , Chen Meng‐Cheng , Lee Huei 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA recent study conducted by our group showed that the NAT2 fast acetylator genotype is associated with an increasing risk for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), especially for females. We therefore examined whether a higher risk of CRC in females with the NAT2 fast acetylator genotype was associated with the occurrence of K‐RAS mutation, and to further verify whether MGMT promoter methylation was linked to the occurrence of K‐RAS mutation in patients with the NAT2 fast acetylator genotype. Herein, 151 CRC cases were examined for NAT2 genetic polymorphisms and MGMT promoter methylation by PCR‐RFLP and methylation‐specific PCR (MSP). The results of this study show that the NAT2 fast acetylator genotype is associated with the occurrence of K‐RAS mutation in female cases (OR = 4.820, 95% CI = 1.113–20.873), but not associated with MGMT promoter methylation. Surprisingly, MGMT promoter methylation significantly deepens the impact of NAT2 fast acetylation on K‐RAS mutation in the female cases (OR = 5.129, 95% CI = 1.092–24.105). In conclusion, Taiwanese women with the NAT2 fast acetylator genotype may exhibit a higher risk of CRC with increased occurrence of K‐RAS mutation. Detection of NAT2 genotypes and MGMT promoter methylation may be useful in the risk assessment for CRC in Taiwanese women. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Out of Africa and the evolution of human behavior
Authors: Klein Richard G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTwenty‐one years ago, a landmark exploration of mitochondrial DNA diversity popularized the idea of a recent African origin for all living humans.1 The ancestral African population was estimated to have existed 200 ka (thousands of years ago) plus or minus a few tens of thousands of years. A corollary was that at some later date the fully modern African descendants of that population expanded to swamp or replace the Neanderthals and other nonmodern Eurasians. The basic concept soon became known as “Out of Africa,” after the Academy Award winning film (1985) that took its title, in turn, from Isak Dinesen's classic autobiography (1937). Many subsequent genetic analyses, including those of Ingman and coworkers2 and Underhill and coworkers,3 have reaffirmed the fundamental Out of Africa model. The fossil and archeological records also support it strongly. The fossil record implies that anatomically modern or near‐modern humans were present in Africa by 150 ka; the fossil and archeological records together indicate that modern Africans expanded to Eurasia beginning about 50 ka.
Multi‐objective turbomachinery optimization using a gradient‐enhanced multi‐layer perceptron
Authors: Duta M. C. , Duta M. D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractResponse surface models (RSMs) have found widespread use to reduce the overall computational cost of turbomachinery blading design optimization. Recent developments have seen the successful use of gradient information alongside sampled response values in building accurate response surfaces. This paper describes the use of gradients to enhance the performance of the RSM provided by a multi‐layer perceptron. Gradient information is included in the perceptron by modifying the error function such that the perceptron is trained to fit the gradients as well as the response values. As a consequence, the back‐propagation scheme that assists the training is also changed. The paper formulates the gradient‐enhanced multi‐layer perceptron using algebraic notation, with an emphasis on the ease of use and efficiency of computer code implementation. To illustrate the benefit of using gradient information, the enhanced neural network model is used in a multi‐objective transonic fan blade optimization exercise of engineering relevance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving oil fields recovery through real‐time water flooding optimization
Authors: Marescalco Pamela Alessia Chiara 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIncreasing oil recovery from reservoirs is a strong urge. One of the most effective ways to get the result is water flooding and that's why its application is nowadays widely used in the petroleum industry. Obviously, water flooding efficiency strongly depends on reservoir properties; this makes simulating a water injection process a priori an extremely important step of the reservoir production strategy. Simulation is commonly done adopting a finite difference (FD) simulation approach.This paper explores a different and complementary approach, represented by streamline‐based simulation, coupled with a tool to optimize water flooding campaigns and to help quick decision making. In the present study, water flooding simulation is performed via two commercial software: an FD and a streamline‐based simulator, to highlight advantages and disadvantages of both simulation techniques in describing a water injection campaign and to exploit the two approaches' uniqueness in parallel.The final goal of iteratively converging to the optimal water flooding scheme, which is the core of the present work, is achieved through a customized Matlab script. The generated automatic procedure shows its effectiveness in improving oil recovery, expediting decision making and saving time and FD simulation runs. A three steps workflow is outlined to get the best water flooding scheme for the examples shown below. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms of gene amplification and evidence of coamplification in drug‐resistant human osteosarcoma cell lines
Authors: Hattinger Claudia M. , Stoico Giuseppina , Michelacci Francesca , Pasello Michela , Scionti Isabella , Remondini Daniel , Castellani Gastone C. , Fanelli Marilù , Scotlandi Katia , Picci Piero , Serra Massimo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGene amplification and copy number changes play a pivotal role in malignant transformation and progression of human tumor cells by mediating the activation of genes and oncogenes, which are involved in many different cellular processes including development of drug resistance. Since doxorubicin (DX) and methotrexate (MTX) are the two most important drugs for high‐grade osteosarcoma (OS) treatment, the aim of this study was to identify genes gained or amplified in six DX‐ and eight MTX‐resistant variants of the human OS cell lines U‐2OS and Saos‐2, and to get insights into the mechanisms underlying the amplification processes. Comparative genomic hybridization techniques identified amplification of MDR1 in all six DX‐resistant and of DHFR in three MTX‐resistant U‐2OS variants. In addition, progressive gain of MLL was detected in the four U‐2OS variants with higher resistance levels either to DX or MTX, whereas gain of MYC was found in all Saos‐2 MTX‐resistant variants and the U‐2OS variant with the highest resistance level to DX. Fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed that MDR1 was amplified in U‐2OS and Saos‐2/DX‐resistant variants manifested as homogeneously staining regions and double minutes, respectively. In U‐2OS/MTX‐resistant variants, DHFR was amplified in homogeneously staining regions, and was coamplified with MLL in relation to the increase of resistance to MTX. Gene amplification was associated with gene overexpression, whereas gene gain resulted in up‐regulated gene expression. These results indicate that resistance to DX and MTX in human OS cell lines is a multigenic process involving gene copy number and expression changes. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Papillary and muscle invasive bladder tumors with distinct genomic stability profiles have different DNA repair fidelity and KU DNA‐binding activities
Authors: Bentley Johanne , L'Hôte Corine , Platt Fiona , Hurst Carolyn D. , Lowery Johanna , Taylor Claire , Sak Sei C. , Harnden Patricia , Knowles Margaret A. , Kiltie Anne E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLow‐grade noninvasive papillary bladder tumors are genetically stable whereas muscle invasive bladder tumors display high levels of chromosomal aberrations. As cells deficient for nonhomologous end‐joining (NHEJ) pathway components display increased genomic instability, we sought to determine the NHEJ repair characteristics of bladder tumors and correlate this with tumor stage and grade. A panel of 13 human bladder tumors of defined stage and grade were investigated for chromosomal aberrations by comparative genomic hybridization and for NHEJ repair fidelity and function. Repair assays were conducted with extracts made directly from bladder tumor specimens to avoid culture‐induced phenotypic alterations and selection bias as only a minority of bladder tumors grow in culture. Four noninvasive bladder tumors (pTaG2), which were genetically stable, repaired a partially incompatible double‐strand break (DSB) by NHEJ‐dependent annealing of termini and fill‐in of overhangs with minimal loss of nucleotides. In contrast, four muscle invasive bladder cancers (pT2‐3G3), which displayed gross chromosomal rearrangements, repaired DSBs in an error‐prone manner involving extensive resection and microhomology association. Four minimally invasive bladder cancers (pT1G3) had characteristics of both repair types. Error‐prone repair in bladder tumors correlated with reduced KU DNA‐binding and loss of TP53 function. In conclusion, there were distinct differences in DSB repair between noninvasive papillary tumors and higher stage/grade invasive cancers. End‐joining fidelity correlated with stage and was increasingly error‐prone as tumors became more invasive and KU binding activity reduced; these changes may underlie the different genomic profiles of these tumors. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional brain activation changes and abnormal functional connectivity of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during working memory processing in adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Wolf Robert C. , Plichta Michael M. , Sambataro Fabio , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Jacob Christian , Lesch Klaus‐Peter , Herrmann Martin J. , Schönfeldt‐Lecuona Carlos , Connemann Bernhard J. , Grön Georg , Vasic Nenad 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPrevious studies on working memory (WM) function in adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggested aberrant activation of the prefrontal cortex and the cerebellum. Although it has been hypothesized that activation differences in these regions most likely reflect aberrant frontocerebellar circuits, the functional coupling of these brain networks during cognitive performance has not been investigated so far. In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and both univariate and multivariate analytic techniques were used to investigate regional activation changes and functional connectivity differences during cognitive processing in healthy controls (n = 12) and ADHD adults (n = 12). Behavioral performance during a parametric verbal WM paradigm did not significantly differ between adults with ADHD and healthy controls. During the delay period of the activation task, however, ADHD patients showed significantly less activation in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), as well as in cerebellar and occipital regions compared with healthy control subjects. In both groups, independent component analyses revealed a functional network comprising bilateral lateral prefrontal, striatal, and cingulate regions. ADHD adults had significantly lower connectivity in the bilateral VLPFC, the anterior cingulate cortex, the superior parietal lobule, and the cerebellum compared with healthy controls. Increased connectivity in ADHD adults was found in right prefrontal regions, the left dorsal cingulate cortex and the left cuneus. These findings suggest both regional brain activation deficits and functional connectivity changes of the VLPFC and the cerebellum as well as functional connectivity abnormalities of the anterior cingulate and the parietal cortex in ADHD adults during WM processing. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional brain imaging of swallowing: An activation likelihood estimation meta‐analysis
Authors: Sörös Peter , Inamoto Yoko , Martin Ruth E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA quantitative, voxel‐wise meta‐analysis was performed to investigate the cortical control of water and saliva swallowing. Studies that were included in the meta‐analysis (1) examined water swallowing, saliva swallowing, or both, and (2) reported brain activation as coordinates in standard space. Using these criteria, a systematic literature search identified seven studies that examined water swallowing and five studies of saliva swallowing. An activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta‐analysis of these studies was performed with GingerALE. For water swallowing, clusters with high activation likelihood were found in the bilateral sensorimotor cortex, right inferior parietal lobule, and right anterior insula. For saliva swallowing, clusters with high activation likelihood were found in the left sensorimotor cortex, right motor cortex, and bilateral cingulate gyrus. A between‐condition meta‐analysis revealed clusters with higher activation likelihood for water than for saliva swallowing in the right inferior parietal lobule, right postcentral gyrus, and right anterior insula. Clusters with higher activation likelihood for saliva than for water swallowing were found in the bilateral supplementary motor area, bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus, and bilateral precentral gyrus. This meta‐analysis emphasizes the distributed and partly overlapping cortical networks involved in the control of water and saliva swallowing. Water swallowing is associated with right inferior parietal activation, likely reflecting the sensory processing of intraoral water stimulation. Saliva swallowing more strongly involves premotor areas, which are crucial for the initiation and control of movements. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extraction of situational meaning by integrating multiple meanings in a complex environment: A functional MRI study
Authors: Sugiura Motoaki , Wakusawa Keisuke , Sekiguchi Atsushi , Sassa Yuko , Jeong Hyeonjeong , Horie Kaoru , Sato Shigeru , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHumans extract behaviorally significant meaning from a situation by integrating meanings from multiple components of a complex daily environment. To determine the neural underpinnings of this ability, the authors performed functional magnetic resonance imaging of healthy subjects while the latter viewed naturalistic scenes of two people and an object, including a threatening situation of a person being attacked by an offender with an object. The authors used a two‐factorial design: the object was either aversive or nonaversive, and the offender's action was either directed to the person or elsewhere. This allowed the authors to examine the neural response to object aversiveness and person‐directed intention separately. A task unrelated to threat was also used to address incidental (i.e., subconscious or unintentional) detection. Assuming individual differences in incidental threat detection, the authors used a functional connectivity analysis using principal components analysis of intersubject variability. The left lateral orbitofrontal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) were specifically activated in response to a threatening situation. The threat‐related component of intersubject variability was extracted from these data and showed a significant correlation with personality scores. There was also a correlation between threat‐related intersubject variability and activation for object aversiveness in the left temporal pole and lateral orbitofrontal cortex; person‐directed intention in the left superior frontal gyrus; threatening situations in the left MPFC; and independently for both factors in the right MPFC. Results demonstrate independent processing of object aversiveness and person‐directed intention in the left temporal‐orbitofrontal and superior frontal networks, respectively, and their integration into situational meaning in the MPFC. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural basis of individualistic and collectivistic views of self
Authors: Chiao Joan Y. , Harada Tokiko , Komeda Hidetsugu , Li Zhang , Mano Yoko , Saito Daisuke , Parrish Todd B. , Sadato Norihiro , Iidaka Tetsuya 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIndividualism and collectivism refer to cultural values that influence how people construe themselves and their relation to the world. Individualists perceive themselves as stable entities, autonomous from other people and their environment, while collectivists view themselves as dynamic entities, continually defined by their social context and relationships. Despite rich understanding of how individualism and collectivism influence social cognition at a behavioral level, little is known about how these cultural values modulate neural representations underlying social cognition. Using cross‐cultural functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined whether the cultural values of individualism and collectivism modulate neural activity within medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) during processing of general and contextual self judgments. Here, we show that neural activity within the anterior rostral portion of the MPFC during processing of general and contextual self judgments positively predicts how individualistic or collectivistic a person is across cultures. These results reveal two kinds of neural representations of self (eg, a general self and a contextual self) within MPFC and demonstrate how cultural values of individualism and collectivism shape these neural representations. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.