bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obese children show increased intimal wall thickness and decreased pulse wave velocity
Authors: Dangardt Frida , Osika Walter , Volkmann Reinhard , Gan Li‐Ming , Friberg Peter 
Published: May 2008

SummaryObjective:  Childhood obesity confers an increased risk of vascular changes and adult cardiovascular disease. Using a high‐resolution ultrasound technique that enables separation of intimal and medial layers, we examined the intimal thickness (IT) and intimal–medial thickness (IMT) of radial (RA) and dorsal pedal (DPA) arteries and the pulse wave velocity (PWV) in overweight/obese children and adolescents and in healthy subjects.Methods and results:  IT and IMT of RA and DPA and PWV were measured in 33 obese children and adolescents (13·9 ± 1·6 years) and in 18 matched lean controls (14·3 ± 2·2). Increased RA IT was found in the obese group, whereas no differences in RA IMT or medial thickness were observed. Obese females accounted for the entire difference in RA IT (P = 0·04). DPA IT was inversely correlated with HDL cholesterol in the obese group (−0·56, P = 0·0089). PWV was lower in the obese group than in the lean group (6·2 ± 0·8 versus 7·0 ± 0·9 m s−1, respectively; P = 0·001).Conclusions:  Obese children and adolescents, primarily females, present with increased RA IT. The decreased PWV in the obese versus lean subjects might reflect general vasodilatation.
Early Stage Breast Cancer Treatments for Younger Medicare Beneficiaries with Different Disabilities
Authors: Iezzoni Lisa I. , Ngo Long H. , Li Donglin , Roetzheim Richard G. , Drews Reed E. , McCarthy Ellen P. 
Published: May 2008

Objective. To explore how underlying disability affects treatments and outcomes of disabled women with breast cancer.Data Sources. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program data, linked with Medicare files and Social Security Administration disability group.Study Design. Ninety thousand two hundred and forty‐three incident cases of early‐stage breast cancer under age 65; adjusted relative risks and hazards ratios examined treatments and survival, respectively, for women in four disability groups compared with nondisabled women.Principal Findings. Demographic characteristics, treatments, and survival varied among four disability groups. Compared with nondisabled women, those with mental disorders and neurological conditions had significantly lower adjusted rates of breast conserving surgery and radiation therapy. Survival outcomes also varied by disability type.Conclusions. Compared with nondisabled women, certain subgroups of women with disabilities are especially likely to experience disparities in care for breast cancer.
National policies and the sectoral pattern of economic growth
Authors: Headey Derek D. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis article presents tests of whether the kinds of “national” policy variables used to explain cross‐country variation in the growth of aggregate GDP per capita can also successfully explain per capita growth in the agricultural and nonagricultural sectors of developing countries. There are four main results of interest. First, relative to nonagriculture, convergence is much slower in agriculture and the burden of population growth is generally much higher. Second, while orthodox economic policies share positive associations with economic growth in the nonagricultural sectors of developing countries, such policies fail to robustly predict variation in agricultural growth. Third, size of government indicators often yield an “unexpected” positive association with agricultural growth. And finally, although there is some evidence that fewer price controls are associated with faster agricultural growth, these associations are statistically quite weak and quantitatively quite small.
Perceived economic pressures and farmer ethics
Authors: James Harvey S. , Hendrickson Mary K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe hypothesize that an increase in the economic pressures a farmer feels could result in that farmer being more tolerant of unethical conduct than farmers not experiencing economic pressures. To test this hypothesis, we use data from a survey of 3,000 Missouri farmers with farm sales in excess of $10,000 in 2005 in which farmers were asked how acceptable they considered various unethical or questionable farming practices. The survey also contained questions designed to measure perceived economic pressures. We find evidence that economic pressures result in a greater willingness of farmers to tolerate unethical conduct, particularly in the case of actions that have the potential of causing harm or that are influenced by law or contract. We also find that the more frequently a farmer reports observing an unethical action, the more accepting he is of it.
Compelling or irrelevant? Using number needed to treat can help decide
Authors: Citrome L. 
Published: May 2008

Objective:  The metric of number needed to treat (NNT), defined as the number of patients who need to be treated to achieve one additional favorable outcome, can help clinicians appraise claims that one intervention is meaningfully superior to the other.Method:  A review of the use of NNT to evaluate the differences between interventions in the treatment of depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Instead of using disparate measures such as point change on a rating scale, kilograms gained over time or relative differences, results can be converted into a common unit of measure –‘patient units’– so that the clinician can anticipate how often actual differences between interventions would be expected to be observed. Calculation of NNT is demonstrated using reports published in the psychiatric literature, together with different graphical techniques to display this.Results:  Clinical trial results expressed as NNT can be easily summarized and communicated effectively to patients, their families and payers. Limitations include ensuring that the NNT metric is calculated from well‐designed and well‐conducted research that enrolls subjects similar to patients that one treats in actual clinical practice, with doses of medications similar to what is used in the ‘real world’. Direct calculation of NNT is limited to binary or dichotomous outcomes.Conclusion:  Using NNT can help predict treatment response in terms of both efficacy and tolerability.
Single minimally invasive surgical technique with an enamel matrix derivative to treat multiple adjacent intra‐bony defects: clinical outcomes and patient morbidity
Authors: Cortellini Pierpaolo , Nieri Michele , Pini Prato Giovanpaolo , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAims: This case cohort study was designed to evaluate the clinical performance and the intra‐operative and post‐operative morbidity of the “minimally invasive surgical technique” (MIST) associated with the application of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in the treatment of multiple deep intra‐bony defects in a single surgical procedure.Material and Methods: Forty‐four deep intra‐bony defects in 20 patients (2 defects/patient) were surgically accessed with the MIST. This technique was designed to limit the mesio‐distal flap extension and the apical flap reflection in order to reduce the surgical trauma and increase flap stability. The incision of the defect‐associated papilla was performed according to the principles of the papilla preservation techniques. EMD was applied on the debrided and dried root surfaces. Stable primary closure of the flaps was obtained with modified internal mattress sutures. Surgery was performed with the aid of an operating microscope and microsurgical instruments. Clinical outcomes were collected at baseline and at 1 year. Intra‐operative and post‐operative morbidity was evaluated with questionnaires.Results: The 1‐year clinical attachment level (CAL) gain was 4.4±1.4 mm (p<0.0001 compared with baseline). Seventy‐three per cent of defects showed CAL improvements 4 mm. This corresponded to an 83±20% resolution of the defect (15 defects were completely filled). Residual probing pocket depths (PDs) were 2.5±0.6 mm. A minimal increase of 0.2±0.6 mm in gingival recession between baseline and 1 year was recorded. Twelve patients reported a mild perception of the hardship of the surgical procedure. Primary closure was obtained and maintained in all treated sites over time. Only six subjects reported moderate post‐operative pain that lasted for 21±5 h.Conclusions: These data indicate that a MIST in combination with EMD can be applied successfully for the treatment of multiple deep intra‐bony defects in the same surgical procedure with excellent clinical outcomes and very limited patient morbidity.
Increased T cell immunoglobulin mucin‐3 and its ligand in acquired aplastic anemia
Authors: Zhang Jian , Gu Yan , Xu Conggao , Qu Xun 
Published: May 2008

AbstractT cell immunoglobulin mucin‐3 (TIM‐3) is recently described as a T helper 1 (Th)1‐specific molecule, participating in the regulation of immune responses and the pathogenesis of Th1‐driven diseases. The TIM‐3 pathway, however, has not been investigated in acquired aplastic anemia (AA). In this study, we examined the expression of TIM‐3 and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) at both transcript and protein levels in 29 acquired AA patients and in 31 controls. Increased mRNA expression of TIM‐3 and IFN‐γ were observed in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bone marrow mononuclear cells from AA patients and controls using quantitative real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. An increase of TIM‐3 expression on PBMCs was detected increased in AA patients by flow cytometry. An overproduction of IFN‐γ was determined in the sera from AA patients by enzyme‐linked immunoassay. In addition, the expression of TIM‐3 ligand, galectin‐9, increased in PBMCs from AA patients. The results are the first human data to demonstrate the increase of TIM‐3 expression in AA. The enhanced TIM‐3 engagement by its ligand in AA patients may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
A fluorescence energy transfer‐based mechanical stress sensor for specific proteins in situ
Authors: Meng Fanjie , Suchyna Thomas M. , Sachs Frederick 
Published: May 2008

To measure mechanical stress in real time, we designed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) cassette, denoted stFRET, which could be inserted into structural protein hosts. The probe was composed of a green fluorescence protein pair, Cerulean and Venus, linked with a stable α‐helix. We measured the FRET efficiency of the free cassette protein as a function of the length of the linker, the angles of the fluorophores, temperature and urea denaturation, and protease treatment. The linking helix was stable to 80 °C, unfolded in 8 m urea, and rapidly digested by proteases, but in all cases the fluorophores were unaffected. We modified the α‐helix linker by adding and subtracting residues to vary the angles and distance between the donor and acceptor, and assuming that the cassette was a rigid body, we calculated its geometry. We tested the strain sensitivity of stFRET by linking both ends to a rubber sheet subjected to equibiaxial stretch. FRET decreased proportionally to the substrate strain. The naked cassette expressed well in human embryonic kidney‐293 cells and, surprisingly, was concentrated in the nucleus. However, when the cassette was located into host proteins such α‐actinin, nonerythrocyte spectrin and filamin A, the labeled hosts expressed well and distributed normally in cell lines such as 3T3, where they were stressed at the leading edge of migrating cells and relaxed at the trailing edge. When collagen‐19 was labeled near its middle with stFRET, it expressed well in Caenorhabditis elegans, distributing similarly to hosts labeled with a terminal green fluorescent protein, and the worms behaved normally.
Non-linear saturation of g-modes in proto-neutron stars: quieting the acoustic engine
Authors: Weinberg Nevin N. , Quataert Eliot 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
According to Burrows et al.'s acoustic mechanism for core-collapse supernova explosions, the primary, l= 1, g-mode in the core of the proto-neutron star is excited to an energy of ∼1050erg and damps by the emission of sound waves. Here we calculate the damping of the primary mode by the parametric instability, i.e. by non-linear, three-mode coupling between the low-order primary mode and pairs of high-order g-modes. We show that the primary mode is strongly coupled to highly resonant, neutrino damped pairs with n≳ 10; such short wavelength interactions cannot be resolved in the simulations. We find that the parametric instability saturates the primary mode energy at ∼1048erg, well below the energy needed to drive an explosion. We therefore conclude that acoustic power is unlikely to be energetically significant in core-collapse supernova explosions.
The Accident Case—I. Police Aspects of the Animal Accident Case
Authors: Brown D. L. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A review is presented of the police aspects of animal accident cases. Hastings is dealt with as a typical town (population 66,000) to show how the problem of accidents involving cats and dogs are dealt with. Number of accidents, local legislation, disposal of injured animals, preventive measures and liability are discussed.Résumé— Les aspects policiers des cas d'animaux accidenés sont examinés. La ville de Hastings (population 66.000) est présentée comme exemple typique afin de montrer la façon dont le problème de ces accidents est traité. Le nombre d'accidents, la législation communale, le sort des animaux blessés, les mesures préventives et la responsabilité légale sont parmi les problèmes discutés.Znsammenfassung—Eine Erörterung der polizeilichen Gesichtspunkte bei Tierunfällen. Als typische Stadt, in der die Probleme der Unfälle, in die Katzen und Hunde miteinbezogen wurden, behandelt werden, wird Hastings (Bevölkerungszahl 66.000) beschrieben. Es werden die Anzahl der Unfälle, die Gemeindegesetzgebung, die Verfügung übber verletzte Tiere, Vorbeugungsmassnahmen und die Verantwortung besprochen.
The Accident Case—II. Accident Prevention*
Authors: Haile P. H. W. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— The speaker deals first with the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, what it is, and what it does. He then mentions the hazards created by dogs, not only on the road, but also in cars, pointing out the regulations involved. The speaker then emphasizes the part which members of the veterinary profession can play in approaching local authorities; where the need for action is clearly necessary so that not only legislation can be introduced, but that the dog‐owning public, by means of propaganda and education, can be made aware of the dangers created by their disregard of the elementary principles of accident prevention.Résumé— L'auteur traite d'abord de la Société Royale pour la Prévention des Accidents, sa structure et ses buts. Il énumère ensuite les dangers éventuels créés par les chiens, non seulement sur la route même, mais aussi à l'intérieur de véhicules, et indique les règlements s'y rapportant. L'auteur souligne Pimportance du rôle de la profession vétérinaire qui, en intervenant auprès des autorités communales, peut appuyer l'introduction de nouvelle législation et promouvoir l'éducation et la propagande nécessaires pour que ceux qui ont des chiens deviennent conscients de leurs devoirs en ce qui concerne la prévention des accidents.Zusammenfassung— Der Verfasser spricht zunächst über die Bedeutung und die Arbeit der “Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents” (Königlicher Unfallverhütungsverein). Er erwähnt dann die gefährlichen Situationen, die von Hunden—und zwar nicht nur von denen, die auf der Strasse herumlaufen, sondern auch von denen im Auto—hervorgerufen werden können, und weist auf die zuständigen Vorschriften hin. Anschliessend beschreibt der Verfasser die Rolle, die die Veterinäre dabei spielen könnten, die Gemeindebehörden von der Notwendigkeit des Handelns zu überzeugen. Sie könnten, so sagt er, den BehorUden erklären, dass sie nicht nur Gesetze erlassen müssten, sondern den Hundebesitzern auf dem Wege der Propaganda und durch allgemeine Aufklärung auch vor Augen führen sollten, welche Gefahren sie hervorriefen, wenn die die Grund‐prinzipien der Unfallverhütung nicht beachteten.
The Accident Case—VI. Action by the Clinician
Authors: Fowler N. G. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— The paper reviews the humanitarian, clinical and public relations roles of the practising veterinary surgeon when dealing with an accident case.Résumé— L'article examine les rôles humanitaire, clinique et de propagande du praticien vétérin‐aire lorsque celui‐ci a affaire à un accident.Zusammenfassung— Dieser Vortrag handelt von der menschenfreundlichen und klinischen Rolle des praktischen Tierarztes und von seiner Beziehung zur Öffentlichkeit, wenn er ein bei einem Unfall verletztes Tier behandelt.
A Clinical Study of Non‐union Fractures in the Dog*
Authors: Vaughan L. C. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— The study includes the examination and treatment of twenty dogs with a non‐union fracture of the shaft of a limb bone. Eighteen dogs were of the small breeds. The fracture had occurred in the distal third of the radius/ulna in twelve, the tibia in five and the femur in three. All the fractures healed satisfactorily following surgical repair in which the bone ends were cleaned of fibrous tissue, realigned, and secured in position with plates and screws.Résumé— L'étude comprend l'examen et le traitement de vingt chiens avec une fracture non consolidée du corps de 1'0s d'un membre. I1 y avait dix‐huit chiens des races petites. La fracture s'est produit au tiers distal du radiusicubitus en douze des chiens, elle s'est produit au fémur en trois des chiens. Tous les fractures se guérissent de façon satisfaisante après les reparations chirurgic aux quand le tissue conjonctif a enlevé des bouts des os, on les a mis en ligne, et on les a immobilisé avex des planches et des vis.Zusammenfassung— Die Studie beinhaltet die Untersuchung und Behandlung von zwanzig Fällen von Extremitätenfrakturen bei Hunden, welche Tendenz zur Nicht‐Vereinigung der Bruchenden zeigten. Achtzehn Fällen ereigneten sich bei Hunden, welche kleineren Rassen ange‐hörten. In zwölf Fällen ereignete sich der Bruch im distalen Drittel des Radius und der Ulna, in fünf Fällen war die Tibia betroffen und in drei Fällen der Femur. Alle diese Bruche heilten zufrieden‐stellend nach chirurgischer Behandlung und nachdem die Bruchenden vom fibrösen Gwewebe gereinigt wurden, in korrekte Position gebracht, und mit Platten und Schrauben gesichert wurden.
Metabolic Bone Dystrophies*
Authors: Campbell J. R. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A review is presented of the three main types of bone dystrophy in the dog. Following a discussion on the biochemistry of bone, osteomalacia (rickets), osteoporosis and osteodystrophia fibrosa are reviewed together with the radiographic features of the conditions.Résumé— –Après une discussion sur la biochimie de l'os, on passe en revue les trois principaux types de dystrophie osseuse chez le chien: l'ostéomalacie (rachitisme), l'ostéoporose et l'ostéofibrose, et on en donne les caractères radiologiques.Zusammenfassung— Es wird ein kritischer Bericht über die drei Haupttypen von Knochendystrophie beim Hund vorgelegt. Nach einer Diskussion über die Biochemie des Knochens werden Knochenerweichungen (Rachitis), Osteoporose und Ostitis fibrosa mit den röntgenologischen Merkmalen der Zustände erörtert.
Persistent Right Aortic Arch in Two Great Dane Litter Mates
Authors: Coward T. Gordon 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— ‐Two cases of oesophageal dilatation occurring in a litter of Great Dane puppies are described. These dilatations were due to a congenital anomaly of the aortic arches causing constriction of the oesophagus. A comparison is made with a previous case.Résumé— –L'auteur rapporte deux cas de dilatation oesophagienne survenus dans une portée de chiots Dogues allemands. Ces dilatations étaient dues à une anomalie congénitale de la crosse de l'aorte provoquant une constriction de l'oesophage. L'auteur les compare à un cas antérieur.Zusammenfassung— Zwei Fälle einer Erweiterung der Speiseröhre bei einem Wurf junger Hunde (grosse Doggen) werden beschrieben. Diese Erweiterungen wurden nötig aufgrund einer angeborenen Anomalie der Aortenbögen, die eine Verengung der Speiseröhre verursachten. Ein Vergleich mit einem früheren Fall wird angestellt.
The use of Pulse Monitors in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Campbell J. R. , Lawson D. D. , Sanford J. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A report is presented of a limited study on the possible application of electronic pulse meters in the dog and cat. Three instruments of two different types were examined. Two instruments were found satisfactory when used as pulse monitors, while only one could be used successfully to measure systolic blood pressures. The instruments are most useful for anaesthetized animals applied to either the tail or a limb.Résumé— –On fait le compte‐rendu d'une courte étude sur l'application possible d'un compteur de pouls électronique chez le chien et le chat. On examina trois instruments de deux types différents. Deus d'entre eux se montrèrent satisfaisants quand on les utilisa pour contrôler le pouls, tandis qu'un seul put être employé avec succès pour mesurer la tension artérielle systolique. Ces instruments sont très utiles chez les animaux anesthésiés où on les applique sur la queue on sur un membre.Zusammenfassung— Es wird Bericht erstattet über eine begrenzte Untersuchung einer möglichen Verwendung von elektronischen Pulsmessern bei Hunden und Katzen, Es wurden drei Instrumente zweier verschiedener Typen einer Prüfung unterzogen. Zwei Instrumente wurden als brauchbar für die Pulsüberwachung befunden, während nur eines mit Erfolg zur Messung des systolischen Blutdruckes verwendet werden konnte. Die Instrumente werden am besten bei in Narkose befindlichen Tieren entweder am Schwanz oder an einer Extremität angebracht.
The Identification of the Aetiological Agent of Canine Oral Papillomatosis
Authors: Ajello Pietro , Gimbo Angelo 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A report on the identification and description of the virus particles which are the aetiological agent of infective canine oral papillomatosis.Résumé— –Compte‐rendu sur l'identification et la description de particules virales comme agents étiologiques de la papillomatose infectieuse orale du chien.Zusammenfassung— Ein Bericht über die Feststellung und eine Beschreibung der Viruspartikel, die die ätiologischen Agensen der ansteckenden Oralpapillomatose von Hunden darstellen.
Rabies Symposium—I. Some Epidemiological and Immunological Aspects of Rabies, with Particular Reference to Disease Control in Malaya
Authors: Bowden R. S. T. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A discussion is presented on the problem of rabies control with regard to the complex epidemiological factors which may be involved. The problem is illustrated by reference to the control of rabies in Malaya after World War II with a review of the measures employed for the restraint, elimination, vaccination, licensing and identification of dogs.Résumé— –Exposé d'une discussion sur le problème du contrôle de la rage, avec attention particu‐liére apportée aux facteurs épidémiologiques complexes qui peuvent intervenir. Illustration du problème par référence au contrôle de la rage à Malacca après la seconde guerre mondiale et revue des mesures employées pour la restriction du nombre des chiens, leur élimination éventuelle, leur vaccination, l'autorisation d'en posséder et leur identification.Zusammenfassung— Es wird eine Besprechung des Problems der Tollwutbekämpfung in Bezug auf die komplizierten epidemiologischen Faktoren, die damit verbunden sein konnen, gebracht. Das Problem wird an Hand der Bekämpfung der nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg in den Malaiischen Staaten aufgetretenen Tollwut erläutert, und es wird ein Überblock uber die zur Freiheits‐beschrankung, Beseitigung, Impfung, amtlichen Genehmigung und Kennzeichnung von Hunden getroffenen Massnahmen gegeben.