bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of cloudy atmospheres on the thermal evolution of warm giant planets from an interior modelling perspective
Authors: Poser A J , Redmer R 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We are interested in the influence of cloudy atmospheres on the thermal radius evolution of warm exoplanets from an interior modelling perspective. By applying a physically motivated but simple parametrized cloud model, we obtain the atmospheric P–T structure that is connected to the adiabatic interior at the self-consistently calculated radiative–convective boundary. We investigate the impact of cloud gradients, with the possibility of inhibiting superadiabatic clouds. Furthermore, we explore the impact on the radius evolution for a cloud base fixed at a certain pressure versus a subsiding cloud base during the planets’ thermal evolution. We find that deep clouds clearly alter the evolution tracks of warm giants, leading to either slower/faster cooling than in the cloudless case (depending on the cloud model used). When comparing the fixed versus dynamic cloud base during evolution, we see an enhanced behaviour resulting in a faster or slower cooling in the case of the dynamic cloud base. We show that atmospheric models including deep clouds can lead to degeneracy in predicting the bulk metallicity of planets, ZP. For WASP-10b, we find a possible span of $\approx {Z_\mathrm{P}}_{-0.06}^{+0.10}$. For TOI-1268b, it is $\approx {Z_\mathrm{P}}_{-0.05}^{+0.10}$. Further work on cloud properties during the long-term evolution of gas giants is needed to better estimate the influence on the radius evolution.
mock observatory: Two thousand light-cone mock catalogues of luminous red galaxies from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey for the cosmological large-scale analysis
Authors: Ishikawa Shogo , Okumura Teppei , Nishimichi Takahiro 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Estimating a reliable covariance matrix for correlation functions of galaxies is a crucial task to obtain accurate cosmological constraints from galaxy surveys. We generate 2000 independent light-cone mock luminous red galaxy (LRGs) catalogues at 0.3 ≤ z ≤ 1.25, designed to cover CAMIRA LRGs observed by the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Programme (HSC SSP). We first produce full-sky light-cone halo catalogues using a COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration (COLA) technique, and then trim them to match the footprints of the HSC SSP S20A Wide layers. The mock LRGs are subsequently populated on to the trimmed halo catalogues according to the halo occupation distribution model constrained by the observed CAMIRA LRGs. The stellar mass (M⋆) is assigned to each LRG by the subhalo abundance-matching technique using the observed stellar-mass functions of CAMIRA LRGs. We evaluate photometric redshifts (photo-z) of mock LRGs by incorporating the photo-z scatter, which is derived from the observed M⋆–photo-z-scatter relations of the CAMIRA LRGs. We validate the constructed full-sky halo and light-cone LRG mock catalogues by comparing their angular clustering statistics (i.e. power spectra and correlation functions) with those measured from the halo catalogues of full N-body simulations and the CAMIRA LRG catalogues from the HSC SSP, respectively. We detect clear signatures of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) from our mock LRGs, whose angular scales are well consistent with theoretical predictions. These results demonstrate that our mock LRGs can be used to evaluate covariance matrices at large scales and provide predictions for the BAO detectability and cosmological constraints.
Understanding and applying gene–environment interactions: a guide for nutrition professionals with an emphasis on integration in African research settings
Authors: Nienaber-Rousseau Cornelie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are influenced by the interplay between genetics and environmental exposures, particularly diet. However, many healthcare professionals, including nutritionists and dietitians, have limited genetic background and, therefore, they may lack understanding of gene–environment interactions (GxEs) studies. Even researchers deeply involved in nutrition studies, but with a focus elsewhere, can struggle to interpret, evaluate, and conduct GxE studies. There is an urgent need to study African populations that bear a heavy burden of NCDs, demonstrate unique genetic variability, and have cultural practices resulting in distinctive environmental exposures compared with Europeans or Americans, who are studied more. Although diverse and rapidly changing environments, as well as the high genetic variability of Africans and difference in linkage disequilibrium (ie, certain gene variants are inherited together more often than expected by chance), provide unparalleled potential to investigate the omics fields, only a small percentage of studies come from Africa. Furthermore, research evidence lags behind the practices of companies offering genetic testing for personalized medicine and nutrition. We need to generate more evidence on GxEs that also considers continental African populations to be able to prevent unethical practices and enable tailored treatments. This review aims to introduce nutrition professionals to genetics terms and valid methods to investigate GxEs and their challenges, and proposes ways to improve quality and reproducibility. The review also provides insight into the potential contributions of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics to the healthcare sphere, addresses direct-to-consumer genetic testing, and concludes by offering insights into the field’s future, including advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning.
Control of root nodule formation ensures sufficient shoot water availability in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Kawade Kensuke , Sugiura Daisuke , Oikawa Akira , Kawaguchi Masayoshi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Leguminous plants provide carbon to symbiotic rhizobia in root nodules to fuel the energy-consuming process of nitrogen fixation. The carbon investment pattern from the acquired sources is crucial for shaping the growth regime of the host plants. The autoregulation of nodulation (AON) signaling pathway tightly regulates the number of nodules that form. AON disruption leads to excessive nodule formation and stunted shoot growth. However, the physiological role of AON in adjusting the carbon investment pattern is unknown. Here, we show that AON plays an important role in sustaining shoot water availability, which is essential for promoting carbon investment in shoot growth in Lotus japonicus. We found that AON-defective mutants exhibit substantial accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates, such as sucrose. Consistent with this metabolic signature, resilience against water-deficit stress was enhanced in the shoots of the AON-defective mutants. Furthermore, the water uptake ability was attenuated in the AON-defective mutants, likely due to the increased ratio of nodulation zone, which is covered with hydrophobic surfaces, on the roots. These results increase our physiological understanding of legume–rhizobia symbiosis by revealing a trade-off between root nodule formation and shoot water availability.
Police agencies and civil asset forfeiture: An organizational perspective
Authors: Nowacki Jeffrey S , Olivarez Cassandra , Hagan Alexander , Hogan Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany police departments across the United States seize property from community members in a process referred to as civil asset forfeiture. While the use of this practice varies across departments, few studies have examined how police organizational structure may influence how agencies may use this tool. Using data from the 2016 & 2020 waves of the Law Enforcement Management & Administration Survey (LEMAS), we examine how organizational constructs influence whether and how frequently agencies collect asset forfeiture revenue. Findings suggest that a range of organizational and community-policing metrics influence civil asset forfeiture across both waves. Measures of professionalization were related to civil asset forfeiture in 2016, but not 2020.
Skeletal stem cells in bone development, homeostasis, and disease
Authors: Yuan Guixin , Lin Xixi , Liu Ying , Greenblatt Matthew B , Xu Ren 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Tissue-resident stem cells are essential for development and repair, and in the skeleton, this function is fulfilled by recently identified skeletal stem cells (SSCs). However, recent work has identified that SSCs are not monolithic, with long bones, craniofacial sites, and the spine being formed by distinct stem cells. Recent studies have utilized techniques such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting, lineage tracing, and single-cell sequencing to investigate the involvement of SSCs in bone development, homeostasis, and disease. These investigations have allowed researchers to map the lineage commitment trajectory of SSCs in different parts of the body and at different time points. Furthermore, recent studies have shed light on the characteristics of SSCs in both physiological and pathological conditions. This review focuses on discussing the spatiotemporal distribution of SSCs and enhancing our understanding of the diversity and plasticity of SSCs by summarizing recent discoveries.
Winners, Losers, and Voter Confidence in Response to Partisan Electoral Reform
Authors: Hood M V , McKee Seth C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this article, we examine individual- and state-level voter confidence in Georgia from 2020 to 2022—an extremely contentious moment in Georgia politics. For the first time in 28 years, Georgia's electoral votes went to a Democrat, Joe Biden, in 2020. Then, in early January 2021, Democrats won both of Georgia's two U.S. Senate runoffs, giving their party majority control. In the wake of these surprising, historic, and consequential losses, Georgia Republicans’ voter confidence plummeted, and their party responded by passing comprehensive electoral reform in Senate Bill (SB) 202. Using survey data, we tracked voter confidence in Georgia before and after 2020, after passage of SB 202 in 2021, and after the 2022 midterm. Partisans’ voter confidence is greatly affected by the winner/loser effect in election outcomes. Also, SB 202 did boost Republicans’ confidence in Georgia's election system, which, in turn, increased their individual- and state-level voter confidence in the 2022 midterm. In contrast, Georgia Democrats overwhelmingly opposed SB 202; therefore, the bill did not have the same salutary effect on their voter confidence in the 2022 elections.
Nationalism and Conflict: How Do Variations of Nationalism Affect Variations in Domestic and International Conflict?
Authors: Miller Benjamin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article advances a novel theoretical framework for explaining the emergence of international and domestic conflicts, especially in the twenty-first century. I argue that nationalism plays a major role in the rise of these conflicts. Yet, nationalism is not monolithic. I distinguish among five types of nationalism (satisfied; stateless; consolidating; irredentist; populist). The variations in the type of nationalism explain variations in peace and conflict in different parts of the world. The explanation of the variations of types of nationalism, in turn, is based on the combined effect of variations in state capacity (i.e., the functioning of state institutions) and national congruence (i.e., the congruence between national identities and state borders). Variations in these two independent variables account for both civil and international wars as well as for peaceful states and for domestic polarization. Thus, national congruence and high capacity produce satisfied nationalism and a peaceful state. In contrast, national incongruence and low capacity lead to stateless nationalism and, thus, to civil wars in failed states. High capacity and national incongruence, especially external incongruence, produce irredentist nationalism of revisionist states, leading to war-prone interstate conflicts. High capacity and declining congruence generate nationalist populism and societal polarization. Thus, the theory developed here explains the recent rise of nationalist populism (and the related domestic polarization) in quite a few democracies in comparison with other types of nationalism and the conflicts they generate.
Complementarity of sovereign and corporate debt issuance: mind the gap
Authors: Grundy Bruce D , van Bekkum Sjoerd , Verwijmeren Patrick 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We investigate the relation between sovereign and corporate bond issuance. Sovereign bond issues that increase a country’s maximum maturity are followed by increases in the maximum maturity of corporate issues. Our results point to issuance complementarities based on the benchmarking of corporate bonds to sovereign bonds. Sovereign and corporate bond issues are also substitutes, but substitutability requires the availability of a high-quality sovereign bond benchmark. By adding to existing theories focusing on substitutability, our findings highlight the role that the maturity of sovereign debt plays in capital market development.
Influence of transient emotional episodes on affective and cognitive theory of mind
Authors: Qiao-Tasserit Emilie , Corradi-Dell’Acqua Corrado , Vuilleumier Patrik 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Our emotions may influence how we interact with others. Previous studies have shown an important role of emotion induction in generating empathic reactions towards others’ affect. However, it remains unclear whether (and to which extent) our own emotions can influence the ability to infer people’s mental states, a process associated with Theory of Mind (ToM) and implicated in the representation of both cognitive (e.g. beliefs and intentions) and affective conditions. We engaged 59 participants in two emotion-induction experiments where they saw joyful, neutral and fearful clips. Subsequently, they were asked to infer other individuals’ joy, fear (affective ToM) or beliefs (cognitive ToM) from verbal scenarios. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that brain activity in the superior temporal gyrus, precuneus and sensorimotor cortices were modulated by the preceding emotional induction, with lower response when the to-be-inferred emotion was incongruent with the one induced in the observer (affective ToM). Instead, we found no effect of emotion induction on the appraisal of people’s beliefs (cognitive ToM). These findings are consistent with embodied accounts of affective ToM, whereby our own emotions alter the engagement of key brain regions for social cognition, depending on the compatibility between one’s own and others’ affect.
Functional Outcomes of Congenital Scoliosis at a Mean 35-Year Follow-up Post In Situ Fusion. Revisiting Patients From the 2002 Goldberg et al Study
Authors: Kelly Martin J. , Alberghina Flavia , McCabe Patrick , Goldberg Caroline J. , Fogarty Esmond E. , Dowling Frank E. , O’Toole Patrick , Noël Jacques , Kiely Patrick J. , Moore David P. , Kennedy James F. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The management of congenital scoliosis poses a significant challenge for treating surgeons. The aim of our study was to provide insight into the long-term clinical results of spinal fusion in congenital scoliosis.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective review of the scoliosis database in our institution for the period 1976 until 2002 identifying 43 patients with congenital scoliosis who underwent spinal fusion. Patient demographics, diagnosis, levels fused, and radiographs were evaluated. Patients were evaluated for unplanned return to the operating room (UPROR) via SRS 22, EQ5D–5L, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).

Results:
Of the 43 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 22 patients agreed to participate, 3 patients were known to be deceased and 18 patients were lost to follow-up or declined to participate and were excluded. The mean age of the respondents was 40.7 years (range, 30 to 47 y) with a mean follow-up from index surgery of 35 years (range, 20 to 44 y). At most recent follow-up, 12 patients (54%) underwent UPROR. The mean age at diagnosis was 3.4 years (range, birth to 11.5 y), and the mean age for first surgery was 5.8 years (range, 1 to 13 y). As regards radiologic follow-up; the mean number of levels fused was 5.2 (range, 2 to 12). Thoracic fusion was performed in 17 patients (77%). The mean T1 to T12 height at index surgery and maturity was 166 mm (range, 130 to 240 mm) and 202 mm (range, 125 to 270 mm), respectively. The mean functional scores at follow-up were SRS 22: 4.5 (range, 2.4 to 5), cumulative EQ5D-5L score 7.2 (range, 5 to 15), and ODI: 8% (range, 2 to 30%). All respondents completed high school, 10 patients (45%) completed university, and 2 patients were awarded doctorates. Currently, 17 patients (77%) are in paid employment.

Conclusions:
This report constitutes the largest series of patients treated by spinal arthrodesis for congenital scoliosis followed into maturity. We demonstrate the thorax continues to grow after index fusion, patient-reported outcomes were satisfactory with superior educational and employment rates and unplanned return to theatre is rare in adult life.

Level of evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV.
The Webspace Toe Fillet Flap: A Variant Fillet Flap for Wound Closure After Asymmetric Amputation of 2 Adjacent Toes
Authors: Yammine Kaissar , Mouawad Joseph , Jamaleddine Youssef 
Published: March 2024

Wound closure after toe amputation for dysvascular necrosis of the toes extending proximally to the metatarsophalangeal joint could be challenging. When necrosis asymmetrically involves 2 adjacent toes, the healthy tissue of the partially necrotic toe could be used as a spare part for surgical wound closure after amputation. This paper reports a variant of the toe fillet flap, the webspace toe fillet flap, which could be performed when facing this clinical situation. After the amputation of the totally necrotic toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint level, the necrotic part of the partially necrotic toe is removed while preserving all the proximal healthy soft tissue, including the neurovascular elements. Therefore, closure is achieved using an axial-pattern digital flap rather than a random flap. In some instances, when necrosis is more distal, the proximal phalanx could be preserved and used as a spacer in the webspace that could possibly avoid lateral clawing of the remaining toes. The webspace toe fillet flap could be an excellent solution for wound closure after asymmetric amputation of 2 adjacent toes.
Levels of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.
Investigating the Association Between Dynamic Driving Pressure and Mortality in COVID-19-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Joint Modeling Approach Using Real-Time Continuously-Monitored Ventilation Data
Authors: Tan Daniel J. , Plasek Joseph M. , Hou Peter C. , Baron Rebecca M. , Atkinson Benjamin J. , Zhou Li 
Published: March 2024

IMPORTANCE AND OBJECTIVES:
COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high mortality and often necessitates invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Previous studies on non-COVID-19 ARDS have shown driving pressure to be robustly associated with ICU mortality; however, those studies relied on “static” driving pressure measured periodically and manually. As “continuous” automatically monitored driving pressure is becoming increasingly available and reliable with more advanced mechanical ventilators, we aimed to examine the effect of this “dynamic” driving pressure in COVID-19 ARDS throughout the entire ventilation period.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
This retrospective, observational study cohort study evaluates the association between driving pressure and ICU mortality in patients with concurrent COVID-19 and ARDS using multivariate joint modeling. The study cohort (n = 544) included all adult patients (≥ 18 yr) with COVID-19 ARDS between March 1, 2020, and April 30, 2021, on volume-control mode IMV for 12 hours or more in a Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA ICU.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Of 544 included patients, 171 (31.4%) died in the ICU. Increased dynamic ΔP was associated with increased risk in the hazard of ICU mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.035; 95% credible interval, 1.004–1.069) after adjusting for other relevant dynamic respiratory biomarkers. A significant increase in risk in the hazard of death was found for every hour of exposure to high intensities of driving pressure (≥ 15 cm H2O) (HR 1.002; 95% credible interval 1.001–1.003).

CONCLUSIONS:
Limiting patients’ exposure to high intensities of driving pressure even while under lung-protective ventilation may represent a critical step in improving ICU survival in patients with COVID-19 ARDS. Time-series IMV data could be leveraged to enhance real-time monitoring and decision support to optimize ventilation strategies at the bedside.
Radiographic Evaluation of Ileal Pouch Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shen Bo , Bruining David H. , Ma Hong 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Radiographic imaging of abdomen and pelvis plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of ileal pouch disorders with modalities including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, contrasted pouchography, and defecography.

OBJECTIVES:
A systematic review of the literature was performed and applications of cross-sectional imaging, pouchography, defecography, and ultrasonography are described.

DATA SOURCES:
PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane database.

STUDY SELECTION:
Relevant articles on endoscopy in ileal pouches published between Jan 2003 and June 2023 in English were included based on PRISMA guidelines.

INTERVENTION:
Main abdominal and pelvic imaging modalities and their applications in the diagnosis of ileal pouch disorders were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Accuracy in characterization of the ileal pouch disorders.

RESULTS:
Computed tomography is the test of the choice for the evaluation of acute anastomotic leaks, perforation, and abscess(es). Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis is suitable for the evaluation of chronic anastomotic leaks and their associated fistulas and sinus tracts, as well as for the penetrating phenotype of Crohn’s disease of the pouch. Computed tomography enterography and magnetic resonance enterography are useful in the assessment of intraluminal, intramural, and extraluminal disease processes of the pouch and prepouch ileum. Water-soluble contrast pouchography is particularly useful for the evaluation of acute or chronic anastomotic leaks and outlines the shape and configuration of the pouch. Defecography is the key modality to evaluate structural and functional pouch inlet and outlet obstructions. Ultrasonography can be performed to assess the pouch in experienced IBD centers.

LIMITATIONS:
This is a qualitative, not quantitative review of mainly case series and case reports.

CONCLUSIONS:
Abdominopelvic imaging along with clinical and endoscopic evaluation is imperative for the accurate assessment of structural, inflammatory, functional, and neoplastic disorders. See video from symposium.