bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjuvantien für Humanvakzinen. Alte und neue Hilfsstoffe
Authors: Bröker Michael , Beyer Christine 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBei vielen Vakzinen, die inaktivierte Keime (Viren oder Bakterien) oder definierte Antigene enthalten, gibt die Packungsbeilage den Hinweis, dass das Medikament außer dem Wirkstoff “weitere Bestandteile” oder “Hilfsstoffe” besitzt. Darunter fallen auch Adjuvantien. Adjuvantien modulieren die Immunantwort und tragen wesentlich zur Wirksamkeit, aber auch zur Verträglichkeit der Vakzinen bei.
Reiseimpfungen. Wichtige Tipps für den Urlaub
Authors: Weinke Thomas , Güthoff Wolfgang , Liebold Ines 
Published: December 2007

AbstractImpfungen gehören zu den wirksamsten Schutzmaßnahmen in der Medizin. Gerade Auslandsreisende setzen sich gegenüber der epidemiologischen Situation in Deutschland zusätzlichen Infektionsrisiken aus. Daher gehören zu den Vorbereitungen für eine Auslandsreise Reiseimpfungen essentiell zum Beratungsstandard.
Nobelpreis für die Etablierung von Knock‐out‐Mäusen
Authors: Winckler Thomas 
Published: December 2007

AbstractGenetisch gezielt veränderte Mäuse werden in vielen Bereichen der biomedizinischen Grundlagenforschung als Modelle für humane Krankheiten eingesetzt und haben die Aufklärung von Pathogenitäts‐Mechanismen und die Entwicklung neuer Therapiestrategien revolutioniert.
Preparation and release behavior of temperature‐ and pH‐responsive chitosan material
Authors: Guo Bao‐Lin , Yuan Jin‐Fang , Gao Qing‐Yu 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Chitosan is a polymer with good biocompatibility which makes it promising for potential applications in the field of drug delivery. A novel kind of copolymer, P(CS‐Ma‐graft‐NIPAm), was synthesized with chitosan (CS), maleic anhydride (Ma) and N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) by grafting and copolymerization.RESULTS: The copolymers were characterized using Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR and ultraviolet spectroscopies, and the molecular weight and polydispersity were determined using gel permeation chromatography. The aqueous solution properties of the copolymer and the controlled delivery of coenzyme A from it were also studied. The results showed that the copolymer had temperature and pH sensitivities, and that the release of coenzyme A from the copolymer was dependent on the release medium, namely the concentration of the copolymer, pH and temperature. Higher concentrations of the copolymer absorbed more coenzyme A than lower ones. Increasing temperature accelerated coenzyme A release from the copolymer. Also, the pH of the solution had a significant impact on the release of coenzyme A.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the novel copolymer could be used in drug delivery systems. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of nanocellulose‐ reinforced shape memory polyurethanes
Authors: Auad María L , Contos Vasili S , Nutt Steve , Aranguren Mirta I , Marcovich Norma E 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Shape memory polymers are capable of fixing a transient shape and of recovering their original dimensions by the application of an external stimulus. Their major drawback is their low stiffness compared to smart materials based on metals and ceramics. To overcome this disadvantage, nanocellulose was utilized as reinforcement.RESULTS: Composites were prepared by casting stable nanocellulose/segmented polyurethane suspensions. The heat of melting of the polyurethane soft segment phase increased on cellulose addition. Composites showed higher tensile modulus and strength than unfilled films (53% modulus increase at 1 wt% nanocellulose), with higher elongation at break. Creep deformation decreased as cellulose concentration increased (36% decrease in 60‐minute creep by addition of 1 wt% nanocellulose). The nanocomposites displayed shape memory properties equivalent to those of the neat polyurethane, with recoveries of the order of 95% (referred to second and further cycles).CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to markedly improve the rigidity of shape memory polymers by adding small amounts of well‐dispersed nanocellulose. However, this improvement did not have substantial effects on the material shape fixity or recovery. Shape memory behavior seems to continue to be controlled by the polymer properties. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
pH‐/temperature‐sensitive supramolecular micelles based on cyclodextrin polyrotaxane
Authors: Huang Jin , Ren Lixia , Chen Yongming 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Based on the assembly strategy induced by host‐guest recognition in weak selective solvent, a kind of supramolecular nano‐micelles has been self‐organized from a water‐soluble diblock copolymer, poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(acrylic acid) (PEO‐b‐PAA), selectively included by ‐cyclodextrins (‐CDs).RESULTS: The spontaneous aggregation of rod‐like ‐CD/PEO‐based pseudo‐polyrotaxanes (pseudo‐PRs) drove the formation of square‐piece in aqueous media and thereafter evolved to spherical assemblies with or without hollow structure as time prolonged, which were stabilized by uncovered hydrophilic PAA segments. Such morphological evolvement attributed to hydrogen bonding between ··CCOOH in PAA and ··COH in ‐CD. However, when alkaline media was used to inhibit hydrogen bonding by ionizing ··CCOOH, the assemblies were only uniform spheres of ca. 100 nm. Meanwhile, the order stacking of PR rods became the basic building units all the time. Herein, the supramolecular PRs contributed to temperature‐response character, namely the formation of assemblies is reversible stimulated with temperature changes. Additionally, the inhibition of deceasing pH to the ionization of free PAA segments made assemblies fuse as microspheres.CONCLUSION: Such pH‐ and temperature‐sensitivity as well as the biocompatibility of components and water as media make a great potential of such nano‐particles as the biomedical materials with controlled‐release function. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of compatibilizer on the dispersion of untreated silica in a polypropylene matrix
Authors: Zoukrami Fouzia , Haddaoui Nacereddine , Vanzeveren Celine , Sclavons Michel , Devaux Jacques 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: A new processing method for polypropylene–untreated precipitated silica (PP/SiO2) composites based on the incorporation of a second polymer phase of polyamide 6 (PA6) is presented and compared with a more classic one making use of compatibilizers: glycerol monostearate (GMS), ethylene acrylic acid ionomer (IAAZE) and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA‐graft‐PP). The effects of processing methods and conditions on the microstructure and properties of PP/SiO2 composites prepared by melt compounding are investigated with a view to reduce the size of aggregates of silica from the micrometre to the nanometre scale and to improve the link between filler and matrix.RESULTS: On the one hand, the presence of GMS and IAAZE compatibilizers significantly improves the dispersion of the silica particles. On the other hand, when using a PA6 second phase, the SiO2 particles are dispersed in PA6 nodules. Within these nodules, SiO2 appears dispersed at the nanoscale but with larger particles (‘aggregates’) of about 200 nm. Significant improvements in tensile strength and modulus are obtained using MA‐graft‐PP compatibilizer. An increase in impact strength is observed in the case of GMS compatibilizer. Thermal parameters indicate also that silica plays the role of nucleation agent for PP matrix. All improvements (tensile strength, modulus and impact strength) increase with the addition of compatibilized PA6 second phase.CONCLUSION: By the incorporation of masterbatch of silica in PA6 as a second polymer polar phase, a successful new production method for PP/SiO2 nanocomposites has been developed. Interestingly, this method does not require any (expensive) pre‐treatment of the silica. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of the regioregularity of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) on the performances of organic photovoltaic devices
Authors: Urien Mathieu , Bailly Loïc , Vignau Laurence , Cloutet Eric , de Cuendias Anne , Wantz Guillaume , Cramail Henri , Hirsch Lionel , Parneix Jean‐Paul 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: The highest efficiencies of bulk‐heterojunction solar cells from poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) reported so far are close to 6%. Phenomena occurring during the photovoltaic process, such as the creation, diffusion and separation of excitons, as well as charge carrier transport, are governed by the active layer morphology. The latter phenomenon, which depends on the self‐organization of P3HT, can be influenced by its degree of regioregularity. The aim of this work is to clarify the relationship between the regioregularity of P3HT, the composition of P3HT/PCBM blends and the performances of photovoltaic devices.RESULTS: Two types of P3HTs with different degrees of regioregularity have been synthesized and used as active layers with PCBM in photovoltaic cells. The higher performances in photovoltaic devices are obtained for high‐regioregular P3HT and can be explained considering the self‐organizing properties of high‐regioregular P3HT, leading to higher sunlight absorption and higher hole mobilities. In addition, this report demonstrates the importance of the ratio of P3HT versus PCBM in correlation with the regioregularity of P3HT on the optical properties, charge transport and characteristics of photovoltaic cells.CONCLUSION: We have investigated the dependence of the photovoltaic properties of P3HT/PCBM blend‐based photovoltaic devices on the degree of regioregularity of P3HT. We find that the best performance is exhibited by devices based on highly regioregular P3HT. Also, the best performances are not obtained for the same P3HT:PCBM weight ratios for high‐regioregular P3HT (1:0.8) and low‐regioregular P3HT (1:3). Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Resistance to glyphosate from altered herbicide translocation patterns
Authors: Preston Christopher , Wakelin Angela M 
Published: December 2007

AbstractGlyphosate‐resistant weeds have evolved as a result of the intensive use of glyphosate for weed control. An alteration in the way glyphosate is translocated within the plant has been identified as a mechanism of glyphosate resistance in populations of Lolium rigidum Gaud., L. multiflorum Lam. and Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. In these resistant plants, glyphosate becomes concentrated in the leaves rather than being translocating throughout the plant. This type of resistance is inherited as a single dominant or semi‐dominant allele. Resistance due to reduced translocation appears to be a common mechanism of resistance in L. rigidum and C. canadensis, probably because it provides a greater level of resistance than other mechanisms. This type of glyphosate resistance also appears to reduce the fitness of plants that carry it. This may influence how glyphosate resistance can be managed. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Recoil hysteresis and temperature dependence of coercivity of Nd4Fe73.5Co3Hf0.5Ga0.5B18.5
Authors: Manjura Hoque S. , Hakim M. A. , Khan F. A. , Nghi N. H. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRecoil hysteresis and temperature dependence of coercivity have been measured for the sample of composition Nd4Fe73.5Co3Hf0.5Ga0.5B18.5 prepared by rapid quenching method with a wheel speed of 25 m/s and after subsequent annealing in an evacuated quartz tube under a pressure of 10–5 mbar at different temperatures and times. In the optimum and over‐annealed condition, recoil hysteresis loops have been measured by the application of progressively increasing negative field and successive withdrawal to the remanence and found to have steep recoil loop and small recoil area, which is characteristic to exchange‐biased system. Temperature dependence of coercivity in the range of 5 K to 380 K has been measured for the sample of composition Nd4Fe73.5Co3Hf0.5Ga0.5B18.5. Variation in the shape of the hysteresis loop has been observed in this temperature range. In the low temperature region i.e. below 150 K hysteresis loops are constricted due to spin reorientation of Nd2Fe14B at 135 K while above this temperature the hysteresis loops are characterized by convex M (H) curve similar to single‐phase permanent magnet. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microwave transmission loss in multi‐walled nanotubes
Authors: Jun S. C. , Cha S. N. , Lee S. , Jang J. E. , Jin Y. W. , Kim H. J. , Hone J. , Kim J. M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractExperimental results for microwave transmission losses of individual multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are presented. Samples with MWNTs, as well as samples with‐out MWNTs, were fabricated with two types of electrode materials (Nb vs. Cr/Au) and configurations to compare AC transmissions loss as passive devices at room temperature. In the MWNT‐Nb samples, the transmitted current is higher and attenuation is lower than the MWNT‐Cr/Au samples. However, the transmission loss increases much faster in the Nb samples than Cr/Au samples with increasing frequency. Overall, their S ‐parameter measurements from 0.5 GHz to 110 GHz support frequency‐dependent microwave dissipation of the MWNTs and the metal‐electrode contact. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Retraction: Relaxor or classical ferroelectric behavior in A site substituted perovskite type Ba1–x(Sm0.5Na0.5)x TiO3
Authors: Abdelmoula N. , Chaabane H. , Khemakhem H. , Von der Mühll R. , Simon A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe authors wish to retract their article in phys. stat. sol. (a) 203, 987 (2006). (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)DOI 10.1002/pssa.200521465
Size effect on NiFe/Cu/NiFe/IrMn spin‐valve structure for an array of PHR sensor element
Authors: Oh S. J. , Le Tuan Tu , Kim G. W. , Kim CheolGi 
Published: December 2007

AbstractConventional NiFe/Cu/NiFe/IrMn multilayer spin‐valve structure is used for patterning planar Hall effect (PHE) sensor fabrication. The three different junctions, 50×50 μm2, 20×20 μm2 and 5×5 μm2, were prepared by lithography technique for obtaining the PHE profiles. The PHE measurements were carried out for all three junctions using four probe methods. Increased sensitivities are obtained for smaller patterned junctions, while recording a value of 13.45 μV/Oe being the maximum sensitivity for 5×5 μm2 junction. The magnetic properties of the spin valves are characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) to know the influence of exchange bias field on PHE signal. Structural and compositional aspects were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDX), which revealed that the diffusion of Cu layer into the magnetic layers indirectly helps PHE signal by bringing modifications to the anisotropy and coercivity. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Order‐disorder transition and magnetic properties of Fe‐6.5Si alloy powder cores
Authors: Jang Pyungwoo , Lee Bonghan , Choi Gwangbo 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMagnetic properties of Fe‐6.5%Si powder compact cores were analyzed when cores were annealed at 400 – 800 °C for up to 960 min. Hysteresis losses were larger than eddy current lossed in all cores. With increasing annealing temperature core loss decreased while eddy current loss showed minimum when annealed at 500 °C. Variation of DC and AC magnetic properties with annealing temperature and time could be successfully explained by order‐disorder transition, magnetostriction, resistivity, lubricant burn‐off, and surface oxidation of particles. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrochemical preparation of Co3Pt nanowires
Authors: Min Ji Hyun , Wu Jun Hua , Cho Ji Ung , Lee Ju Hun , Ko Young‐Dong , Liu Hong‐Ling , Chung Jin‐Seok , Kim Young Keun 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFabrication of Co‐Pt nanowire arrays with fcc‐Co3Pt phase was accomplished by DC electrodeposition in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanotemplates. The microstructural and magnetic properties of the nanowires were investigated as a function of the deposition current density (Co concentration). The nanowires possess fcc‐Co3Pt phases and are ferromagnetic. Their crystallinity and magnetic performance was enhanced after annealing. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrochemical synthesis of compositionally modulated NiFe nanowires
Authors: Rheem Youngwoo , Yoo Bongyoung , Koo Bon Keup , Myung Nosang V. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe compositionally modulated NiFe nanowires (200 nm in diameter) were electrodeposited from acidic chloride baths using anodized aluminas as scaffolds. Thin films were initially electrodeposited on copper substrates to investigate the effect of various electrodeposition parameters on film composition and microstructure. Film composition was strongly influenced by temperature and current density. At 40 °C, the composition was singificantly altered by current density. For example, body centered cubic Ni20Fe80 and faced centered cubic Ni80Fe20 thin films were electrodeposited at 5 and 20 mA cm–2, respectively. Based on thin film studies, the compositional modulated Ni80Fe20/Ni20Fe80 nanowires were synthesized by applying current pulses between 5 and 20 mA cm–2. The layer thickness was controlled down to tens of nm by adjusting the deposition time. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spin accumulation and magnetotransport in Co–Al–Co single‐electron transistors
Authors: Shyu J. H. , Chen J. W. , Yao Y. D. , Wu J. K. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe bias‐voltage dependent oscillations of the magnetoresistance in Co‐Al‐Co single‐electron transistors have been investigated. Above the critical voltage comprising of superconducting gap and the charging energy, the conductance‐voltage characteristics show an oscillatory behavior with increasing bias‐voltage, resulting from the Coulomb staircase. We demonstrate that magnetoresistance could vary periodically from positive to negative values with bias‐voltage. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Planar Hall resistance sensor for biochip application
Authors: Thanh N. T. , Parvatheeswara Rao B. , Duc N. H. , Kim CheolGi 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this work, we introduce a new type of sensor by using planar Hall effect in spin valve structure for biochip application due to advantage of increasing sensor sensitivity. A single Dynabeads® M‐280 Streptavidin detection has been accomplished with the sensor pattern size of 3 × 3 µm2 that was fabricated from NiFe(6.0 nm)/Cu(3.5 nm)/NiFe(3.0 nm)/IrMn(10.0 nm) spin valve structure. Furthermore, it is also developed to integrated arrays by including 24 sensor patterns. In comparison with the other groups, our sensor performance is highlighted with the advantages of increased stability and high signal to noise; as such, the planar Hall effect sensor's behavior has proved a possibility for detection of the biomolecule. It is also feasible to provide a vehicle for studying other molecule interactions, particular single DNA molecule and for the detection of binding of the streptavidin functionalized magnetic beads to sensor bound biotin. Due to the simple fabrication scheme, this kind of Planar Hall effect based sensor can be easily integrated into other systems for applications. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of external magnetic field on magnetic properties and surface morphology of electrodeposited CoFeNi alloys
Authors: Kim Hyun Kyung , Chun Dong Won , Han Jun Hyun , Kim Kwang Bum , Jeung Won Young 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe magnetic properties and surface morphology of CoFeNi alloy films electrodeposited under external magnetic field were investigated. It was observed that crystallographic anisotropy in CoFeNi films was induced due to the preferential orientation of applied magnetic field. In addition, the CoFeNi alloy films showed excellent magnetic property (low Hc), which is considered that not only the smaller grain size of the films, but also more uniform surface of the films than that deposited in absence of applied magnetic field. These observed phenomena could be explained with magneto‐hydrodynamic (MHD) convection of charged ions at the interface of electrode and electrolyte induced by Lorentz force. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bulk anisotropy Nd‐Fe‐B/α‐Fe nanocomposite permanent magnets prepared by sonochemistry and spark plasma sintering
Authors: Niu Peili , Yue Ming , Li Yongli , Huang Wei , Zhang Jiuxing 
Published: December 2007

AbstractNdFeB/α‐Fe nanocomposite magnetic powders were prepared by sonochemical process. The powders were then submitted to a hot press and subsequent hot deformation process by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. Effect of α‐Fe content on structure and magnetic properties of both isotropic and anisotropic magnets was investigated. For hot pressed magnets, the remanence increases with the content of α‐Fe, while the coercive force drops simultaneously. After hot deformation, the magnets with no more than 2 vol% α‐Fe exhibit obvious anisotropic characteristic. For the magnets with more α‐Fe, however, the magnetic anisotropy disappears due to the absence of (00l) crystal texture after deformation. It is, therefore, expected that α‐Fe content plays an important role in the formation of C‐axis crystal texture during hot deformation process. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enhancing radioactive magnetic properties in monodispersed MFe2O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Park S. I. , Lim J. H. , Hwang Y. H. , Kim J. H. , Kim C. G. , Kim C. O. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe monodispersed hydrophilic magnetic fluids with nanometric M‐ferrite (M=Cu, Co, Ca, Ni) particles were prepared by sonochemical method. The substituted amounts of M elements were analyzed with different x values by ICP‐AES quantitatively for MxFe3‐xO4 particles. The biological tests were performed to observe the proper dosage and the toxicity by using S.D. rat with different core sources. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Inverse giant magnetoresistance due to spin‐dependent bulk scattering in Fe1–xCrx/Cu/Co
Authors: Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen , Thi Hoang Yen Nguyen , Yi Hyunjung , Joo Sung‐Jung , Shin Kyung‐Ho 
Published: December 2007

AbstractInverse giant magnetoresistance (IGMR) can be observed in multilayers with alternating two ferromagnetic layers F1 and F2 possessing opposite spin scattering asymmetries. We report here the observation of inverse current‐in‐plane giant magnetoresistance (CIP‐IGMR) in Fe1–xCrx/Cu/Co spin‐valve systems with varying Cr concentration and FeCr‐layer thickness. The highest magnitude of IGMR, –0.45%, has been achieved in the sample doped with 35 at.% Cr. It is shown that the proper substitution of Cr for Fe can alter spin‐dependent scattering in the Fe layer, causing the inversion of the bulk spin scattering asymmetry coefficient therefore resulting in CIP‐IGMR. The GMR has a dominant contribution to the observed inverse MR, rather than the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) component. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)