bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative population dynamics ofPeromyscus leucopusin North America: influences of climate, food, and density dependence
Authors: Wang Guiming , Wolff Jerry O. , Vessey Stephen H. , Slade Norman A. , Witham Jack W. , Merritt Joseph F. , Hunter Malcolm L. , Elias Susan P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTemporal variation in population size is regulated by both exogenous forces and density‐dependent feedbacks. Furthermore, accumulating evidence indicates that temporal and spatial variation in climate and resources can modify the strength of density dependence in animal populations. We analyzed six long‐term time series estimates ofPeromyscus leucopus(white‐footed mouse) abundance from Kansas, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Vermont, and Maine, USA, using the Kalman filter. Model‐averaged estimates of the strength of delayed density dependence increased from west to east and from south to north. The strength of direct and delayed density dependence was positively related to the annual number of days with minimum temperature below −17.8°C. Annual population growth rates ofP. leucopusat the Maine site were positively related to acorn abundance andP. leucopuspopulations tracked the changes in red‐oak acorn abundance. The populations ofP. leucopusliving in northern latitudes might be more dependent on northern red oak (Quercus rubra) acorns for winter food thanP. leucopusin southern latitudes. Furthermore, northern red oak trees mast every 4–5 years. Thus, longer, colder winters in northerly latitudes might result in stronger delayed density dependence in mouse populations with a shortage of winter food. Mice might simply track the acorn fluctuations in a delayed autocorrelated manner; however, delayed density dependence remained in our models for the Maine mouse populations after accounting for acorns, suggesting additional sources for delayed density dependence. Our results suggest that, in seed‐eatingPeromyscus, cyclicity may be regulated, in part, from low to high trophic levels.
Married women's occupations in eighteenth-century London
Authors: ERICKSON AMY LOUISE 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTThe evidence of criminal court records suggests that almost all London wives were engaged in gainful occupations in the eighteenth century. The records of the City livery companies and of Christ's Hospital show that the wives of craft masters and professional men worked, as well as those in poorer families where their income was essential. At lower socio-economic levels it was unusual for couples to work in the same trade. At middling levels it was more common, especially in textiles and retail, but no more than half of couples worked together or in related occupations.
Couples cooperating? Dutch textile workers, family labour and the ‘industrious revolution’, c. 1600–1800
Authors: VAN NEDERVEEN MEERKERK ELISE 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTThis article aims to provide an empirical test of Jan de Vries' theory of the ‘industrious revolution’, most notably his assumptions concerning the increased participation of married women in the labour force. The focus is on the pre-industrial textile industry in the Dutch Republic, within which a distinction is made between various ways in which family members cooperated in the work they undertook. This differentiation depended on the existing segmentation of the labour market, between social groups and between the sexes. It is shown that at least some groups within proletarian textile families were able to make a decent living, and that the earnings of wives played an important role in the increased industriousness of these families.
Intake of dairy products and risk of colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Pufulete Maria 
Published: August 2008

Prospective cohort studies suggest that higher intakes of dairy products, in particular milk, are associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). In Western populations, dairy products are major contributors to dietary Ca, which may have chemopreventive effects in the colon. The pooling of data from prospective studies suggests a significant protective effect of Ca on CRC risk. Randomised controlled trials with Ca supplements have been conducted with both colorectal adenoma and CRC as endpoints. Results suggest that Ca supplementation at a level of 1000–2000 mg/d reduces adenoma recurrence in individuals with a previous adenoma but has no effect on CRC incidence. There is evidence that the risk reduction from dairy foods may not be solely due to their high Ca content. Dairy products contain other potential chemopreventive components such as vitamin D, butyric acid, conjugated linoleic acid, sphingolipids, and probiotic bacteria in fermented products such as yoghurt. The present review will focus on the epidemiological evidence (and in particular prospective cohort studies) investigating the relationship between dairy product consumption and risk of CRC. An outline of the proposed mechanisms responsible for the protective effect of both Ca and other potential chemopreventive components in dairy products will also be presented.
Resveratrol content in seeds of peanut germplasm quantified by HPLC
Authors: Wang M. L. , Pittman R. N. 
Published: August 2008

trans-Resveratrol (trans-3,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene), a polyphenolic compound uniquely identified in plants, is believed to greatly contribute to human health. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds of 20 germplasm accessions were harvested from the same field and used for resveratrol analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. trans-Resveratrol content in air-dried peanut seeds was on average about 0.5 μg/g and a statistically significant variation (from 0.125 to 1.626 μg/g, at least a ten-fold difference) was detected among the accessions analysed. The average weight for 100 seeds was 52.84 g. A statistically significant variation in seed weight (from 22.30 to 87.94 g, at least a four-fold difference) was observed. There was no significant correlation between trans-resveratrol content and seed weight. The information about the levels of trans-resveratrol in peanut seeds will be useful for peanut cultivar development and peanut product processing. Breeders could use germplasm accessions containing a high amount of resveratrol to develop new nutritionally improved peanut cultivars and food processors could use these new cultivars to manufacture high resveratrol peanut products.
The Brain in Business: The Case for Organisational Cognitive Neuroscience?
Authors: Lee Nick , Butler Michael , Senior Carl 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe application of cognitive neuroscientific techniques to understanding social behaviour has resulted in many discoveries. Yet advocates of the ‘social cognitive neuroscience’ approach maintain that it suffers from a number of limitations. The most notable of these is its distance from any form of real-world applicability. One solution to this limitation is ‘Organisational Cognitive Neuroscience’ – the study of the cognitive neuroscience of human behaviour in, and in response to, organizations. Given that all of us will spend most of our lives in some sort of work related organisation, organisational cognitive neuroscience allows us to examine the cognitive underpinnings of social behaviour that occurs in what may be our most natural ecology. Here we provide a brief overview of this approach, a definition and also some possible questions that the new approach would be best suited to address.
Do mammals make all their own inositol hexakisphosphate?
Authors: Letcher Andrew J. , Schell Michael J. , Irvine Robin F. 
Published: August 2008

A highly specific and sensitive mass assay for inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) was characterized. This centres around phosphorylating InsP6 with [32P]ATP using a recombinant InsP6 kinase from Giardia lambia, followed by HPLC of the 32P-labelled products with an internal [3H]InsP7 standard. This assay was used to quantify InsP6 levels in a variety of biological samples. Concentrations of InsP6 in rat tissues varied from 10–20 μM (assuming 64% of wet weight of tissue is cytosol water), whereas using the same assumption axenic Dictyostelium discoideum cells contained 352±11 μM InsP6. HeLa cells were seeded at low density and grown to confluence, at which point they contained InsP6 levels per mg of protein similar to rat tissues. This amounted to 1.952±0.117 nmol InsP6 per culture dish, despite the cells being grown in serum shown to contain no detectable (less than 20 pmol per dish) InsP6. These results demonstrate that mammalian cells synthesize all their own InsP6. Human blood was analysed, and although the white cell fraction contained InsP6 at a concentration comparable with other tissues, in serum and platelet-free plasma no InsP6 was detected (&lt;1 nM InsP6). Human urine was also examined, and also contained no detectable (&lt;5 nM) InsP6. These results suggest that dietary studies purporting to measure InsP6 at micromolar concentrations in human plasma or urine may not have been quantifying this inositol phosphate. Therefore claims that administrating InsP6 in the diet or applying it topically can produce health benefits by increasing extracellular InsP6 levels may require reassessment.
Specific and dynamic detection of palytoxins byin vitromicroplate assay with human neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Espiña Begoña , Cagide Eva , Louzao M. Carmen , Fernandez Maria M. , Vieytes Mercedes R. , Katikou Panagiota , Villar Adriano , Jaen David , Maman Luz , Botana Luis M. 
Published: August 2008

Palytoxin is one of the most complex and biggest molecules known to show extreme acute toxicity. The dinoflagellate Ostreopsis spp., the producer organism of palytoxin, has been shown to be distributed worldwide, thus making palytoxin an emerging toxin. Rat-derived hepatocytes (Clone 9) and BE (2)-M17 human neuroblastoma cells were used to test palytoxin or palytoxin-like compounds by measuring the cell metabolic rate with Alamar Blue. The dose-dependent decrease in viability was specifically inhibited by ouabain in the case of BE (2)-M17 neuroblastoma cells. This is a functional, dynamic and simple test for palytoxins with high sensitivity (as low as 0.2 ng/ml). This method was useful for toxin detection in Ostreopsis extracts and naturally contaminated mussel samples. A comparative study testing toxic mussel extracts by LC (liquid chromatography)-MS/MS (tandem MS), MBA (mouse bioassay), haemolysis neutralization assay and a cytotoxicity test indicated that our method is suitable for the routine determination and monitoring of palytoxins and palytoxin-like compounds.
ORF-C4 from the early branching eukaryoteGiardia lambliadisplays characteristics of α-crystallin small heat-shock proteins
Authors: Nores María J. , Prucca César G. , Quiroga Rodrigo , Elías Eliana V. , Cavallín Lucas , Price Argenta M. , Saura Alicia , Carranza Pedro G. , Gottig Natalia , Solari Alberto J. , Lujan Hugo D. 
Published: August 2008

Giardia lamblia is a medically important protozoan parasite with a basal position in the eukaryotic lineage and is an interesting model to explain the evolution of biochemical events in eukaryotic cells. G. lamblia trophozoites undergo significant changes in order to survive outside the intestine of their host by differentiating into infective cysts. In the present study, we characterize the previously identified Orf-C4 (G. lamblia open reading frame C4) gene, which is considered to be specific to G. lamblia. It encodes a 22 kDa protein that assembles into high-molecular-mass complexes during the entire life cycle of the parasite. ORF-C4 localizes to the cytoplasm of trophozoites and cysts, and forms large spherical aggregates when overexpressed. ORF-C4 overexpression and down-regulation do not affect trophozoite viability; however, differentiation into cysts is slightly delayed when the expression of ORF-C4 is down-regulated. In addition, ORF-C4 protein expression is modified under specific stress-inducing conditions. Neither orthologous proteins nor conserved domains are found in databases by conventional sequence analysis of the predicted protein. However, ORF-C4 contains a region which is similar structurally to the α-crystallin domain of sHsps (small heat-shock proteins). In the present study, we show the potential role of ORF-C4 as a small chaperone which is involved in the response to stress (including encystation) in G. lamblia.
A comparative analysis of two conserved motifs in bacterial poly(A) polymerase and CCA-adding enzyme
Authors: Just Andrea , Butter Falk , Trenkmann Michelle , Heitkam Tony , Mörl Mario , Betat Heike 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Showing a high sequence similarity, the evolutionary closely related bacterial poly(A) polymerases (PAP) and CCA-adding enzymes catalyze quite different reactions—PAP adds poly(A) tails to RNA 3′-ends, while CCA-adding enzymes synthesize the sequence CCA at the 3′-terminus of tRNAs. Here, two highly conserved structural elements of the corresponding Escherichia coli enzymes were characterized. The first element is a set of amino acids that was identified in CCA-adding enzymes as a template region determining the enzymes’ specificity for CTP and ATP. The same element is also present in PAP, where it confers ATP specificity. The second investigated region corresponds to a flexible loop in CCA-adding enzymes and is involved in the incorporation of the terminal A-residue. Although, PAP seems to carry a similar flexible region, the functional relevance of this element in PAP is not known. The presented results show that the template region has an essential function in both enzymes, while the second element is surprisingly dispensable in PAP. The data support the idea that the bacterial PAP descends from CCA-adding enzymes and still carries some of the structural elements required for CCA-addition as an evolutionary relic and is now fixed in a conformation specific for A-addition.
The Bloom's syndrome helicase (BLM) interacts physically and functionally with p12, the smallest subunit of human DNA polymerase δ
Authors: Selak Nives , Bachrati Csanád Z. , Shevelev Igor , Dietschy Tobias , Loon Barbara van , Jacob Anette , Hübscher Ulrich , Hoheisel Joerg D. , Hickson Ian D. , Stagljar Igor 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Bloom's syndrome (BS) is a cancer predisposition disorder caused by mutation of the BLM gene, encoding a member of the RecQ helicase family. Although the phenotype of BS cells is suggestive of a role for BLM in repair of stalled or damaged replication forks, thus far there has been no direct evidence that BLM associates with any of the three human replicative DNA polymerases. Here, we show that BLM interacts specifically in vitro and in vivo with p12, the smallest subunit of human POL δ (hPOL δ). The hPOL δ enzyme, as well as the isolated p12 subunit, stimulates the DNA helicase activity of BLM. Conversely, BLM stimulates hPOL δ strand displacement activity. Our results provide the first functional link between BLM and the replicative machinery in human cells, and suggest that BLM might be recruited to sites of disrupted replication through an interaction with hPOL δ. Finally, our data also define a novel role for the poorly characterized p12 subunit of hPOL δ.
The Arabidopsis NFYA5 Transcription Factor Is Regulated Transcriptionally and Posttranscriptionally to Promote Drought Resistance
Authors: Li Wen-Xue , Oono Youko , Zhu Jianhua , He Xin-Jian , Wu Jian-Min , Iida Kei , Lu Xiao-Yan , Cui Xinping , Jin Hailing , Zhu Jian-Kang 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is a ubiquitous transcription factor composed of three distinct subunits (NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC). We found that the Arabidopsis thaliana NFYA5 transcript is strongly induced by drought stress in an abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner. Promoter:β-glucuronidase analyses showed that NFYA5 was highly expressed in vascular tissues and guard cells and that part of the induction by drought was transcriptional. NFYA5 contains a target site for miR169, which targets mRNAs for cleavage or translational repression. We found that miR169 was downregulated by drought stress through an ABA-dependent pathway. Analysis of the expression of miR169 precursors showed that miR169a and miR169c were substantially downregulated by drought stress. Coexpression of miR169 and NFYA5 suggested that miR169a was more efficient than miR169c at repressing the NFYA5 mRNA level. nfya5 knockout plants and plants overexpressing miR169a showed enhanced leaf water loss and were more sensitive to drought stress than wild-type plants. By contrast, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing NFYA5 displayed reduced leaf water loss and were more resistant to drought stress than the wild type. Microarray analysis indicated that NFYA5 is crucial for the expression of a number of drought stress–responsive genes. Thus, NFYA5 is important for drought resistance, and its induction by drought stress occurs at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.
Factors influencing duiker dung decay in north‐east Gabon: are dung beetles hiding duikers?
Authors: Van Vliet Nathalie , Nasi Robert , Lumaret Jean Pierre 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe analysed seasonality of dung decay time and the influence of rainfall, leaf fall, beetle attack and moisture on dung decay. Our study was carried out at the Ipassa Reserve, north‐east Gabon. We compared the seasonality of dung decay with the seasonality of dung beetle abundance and guild structure. Dung beetle activity was the main factor influencing dung decay in our study site. Decay time was the highest during the main dry season (3.4 days) and the lowest during the short rainy season (0.7 days). Dung decay time was closely related to dung beetle abundance, especially to the abundance of nocturnal beetles. We discuss the implications of such results for duiker survey methods based on dung pellet counts in areas where decay time is extremely short or unknown.
Stability and compatibility of drug mixtures in an implantable infusion system
Authors: Bianchi F. , Ginggen A. , Tardy Y. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThis study evaluated the stability and the compatibility of mixtures of morphine sulphate, bupivacaine, and clonidine hydrochloride and of hydromorphone, bupivacaine, and clonidine hydrochloride, when used in constant flow implantable pumps under simulated clinical use conditions. The pumps were filled with drug mixtures and incubated at 37 °C for a period of 90 days. Aliquots were sampled monthly from the reservoir and catheter outlet and the drug concentrations analysed using validated chromatography methods. Individual materials from the infusion system were immersed in the drug mixtures and stored at 37 °C for 60 weeks and evaluated for mechanical performance for compatibility testing. Both drug mixtures were found to be stable over 90 days in the pump at 37 °C. All device materials retained acceptable mechanical performance following exposure. These results demonstrate that both drug mixtures are stable when maintained at simulated body temperature in an implantable infusion system for 90 days.
A Bayesian approach to inverse modelling of stratigraphy, part 2: Validation tests
Authors: Charvin Karl , Hampson Gary J. , Gallagher Kerry , Labourdette Richard 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTA novel inverse modelling method is applied to the problem of constraining the environmental parameters (e.g. relative sea level, sediment supply) that control stratigraphic architecture. This technique links forward modelling of shallow‐marine wave/storm‐dominated stratigraphy to a combination of inverse methods formulated in a Bayesian framework. We present a number of examples in which relative sea‐level and sediment‐supply curves were inferred from synthetic vertical successions of grain size (e.g. wells) and synthetic thickness curves (e.g. seismically derived isopachs) extracted from a forward model simulation. These examples represent different scenarios that are designed to test the impact of data distribution, quantity and quality on the uncertainty of the inferred parameters. The inverse modelling approach successfully reproduces the gross stratigraphic architectures and relative sea level and sediment‐supply histories of the synthetic forward model simulation, within the constraints of the modelled data quality. The relative importance of the forcing parameters can be evaluated by their sensitivity and impact on the inverted data. Of equal importance, the inverse results allow complete characterisation of the uncertainties inherent to the stratigraphic modelling tool and to the data quality, quantity and distribution. The numerical scheme also successfully deals with the problem of non‐uniqueness of the solution of the inverse problem. These preliminary results suggest that the inverse method is a powerful tool in constraining stratigraphic architecture for hydrocarbon reservoir characterisation and modelling, and it may ultimately provide a process‐based geological complement to standard geostatistical tools.
Habitat associations of exploited fish species in the Lower Amazon river–floodplain system
Authors: MARTELO JOANA , LORENZEN KAI , CROSSA MARCELO , MCGRATH DAVID G. 
Published: August 2008

Summary1. Modification of floodplain morphology and land use is widely recognized as a major threat to fish communities of river–floodplain systems. We assess habitat associations of major exploited fish species in the Lower Amazon, where modifications are more extensive than in the Central or Upper Amazon.2. Habitat was characterized in terms of physical environment, vegetation cover, distance from river and mean depth. Habitat associations of late juvenile and adult fish of the 14 major exploited species were established by comparing the distribution of the habitat sampled with the distribution of the habitat sampled weighed by a fish abundance index (catch per unit of effort).3. Eight species showed significant habitat associations, generally being most abundant in floodplain lakes. Five of these eight species were associated with open water. Of the three exceptions, two preferred flooded forest lakes and another macrophyte‐dominated channels. The majority of those species with significant associations also preferred waters shallower than 7.25 m and relatively distant from the river mainstream.4. While flooded forest is often assumed to be a key habitat for Amazon fish, only two of the main exploited species in the Lower Amazon had a significant association with this habitat. The majority of exploited species, including one that is associated with flooded forest in the central and upper Amazon, either showed no habitat associations or preferred open water lakes. The full range of pristine and modified floodplain habitats should be considered as important to fish conservation and fisheries productivity.