bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene Expression Profiling in Paget's Disease of Bone: Upregulation of Interferon Signaling Pathways in Pagetic Monocytes and Lymphocytes
Authors: Nagy Zsolt B , Gergely Péter , Donáth Judit , Borgulya Gábor , Csanád Mónika , Poór Gyula 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
We examined the gene expression profile of genes involved in bone metabolism in 23 patients with PD compared with 23 healthy controls. We found a significant overexpression of the genes of the IFN pathway along with a downregulation of tnf-α. Our result suggest that IFN-mediated signaling may play important roles in aberrant osteoclastogenesis of PD.
Introduction: Paget's disease of bone (PD) is characterized by focal regions of highly exaggerated bone remodeling and aberrant osteoclastogenesis. Under physiological conditions, circulating monocytes may serve as early progenitors of osteoclasts and along with peripheral blood lymphocytes produce a wide variety of factors important in bone metabolism. Nevertheless, little is known about the roles of circulating monocytes and lymphocytes in relation to the pathological bone turnover in PD.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we aimed at investigating the gene expression pattern of PD using quantitative real-time PCR in monocytes and lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Fifteen genes known to be involved in osteoclastogenesis were studied in cells from 23 patients with PD and in cells from 23 healthy controls. Eight human genes including ifn-α (3.48-fold, p &lt; 0.001), ifn-β (2.68-fold, p &lt; 0.001), ifn-γ (1.98-fold, p = 0.002), p38 β2 mapk (2.47-fold, p = 0.002), ifn-γr1 (2.03-fold, p = 0.01), ifn-γr2 (1.81-fold, p = 0.02), stat1 (1.57-fold, p = 0.037), and tnf-α (−2.34, p &lt; 0.001) were found to be significantly altered in pagetic monocytes compared with monocytes of healthy controls.
Results: In pagetic lymphocytes, significant changes in the expression of ifn-α (2.17-fold, p &lt; 0.001), ifn-β (2.13-fold, p = 0.005), ifn-γ (1.89-fold, p &lt; 0.001), ifn-γr1 (1.02-fold, p = 0.04), ifn-γr2 (1.01-fold, p = 0.031), stat2 (1.79-fold, p &lt; 0.001), and tnf-α (−1.49, p &lt; 0.001) were found compared with lymphocytes of healthy controls. Furthermore, IFN-γ protein was significantly elevated in the sera of PD patients (18.7 ± 6.69 pg/ml) compared with healthy controls (3.87 ± 6.48 pg/ml, p = 0.042).
Conclusions: In conclusion, our data suggest that novel pathways mainly related to the IFN-mediated signaling may play important roles in the aberrant osteoclastogenesis of PD.
Risedronate Reduces Osteoclast Precursors and Cytokine Production in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women
Authors: D'Amelio Patrizia , Grimaldi Anastasia , Di Bella Stefania , Tamone Cristina , Brianza Stefano ZM , Ravazzoli Marco GA , Bernabei Paola , Cristofaro Maria Angela , Pescarmona Gian Piero , Isaia Giancarlo 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
This paper studies the effect of oral risedronate on osteoclast precursors, osteoclast formation, and cytokine production in 25 osteoporotic women. Risedronate is effective in reducing the number of osteoclast precursors, their formation, vitality, and activity and the level of RANKL and TNF-α in cultures.
Introduction: Bisphosphonates inhibit bone resorption by acting against osteoclasts. Some in vitro studies suggest that they induce osteoclast apoptosis; others suggest that they exert an effect on the production of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines. The effect of risedronate on osteoclastogenesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in postmenopausal osteoporosis has not been previously studied. This paper examined the influence of risedronate on the formation of osteoclast precursors and cytokine production within the compass of osteoclastogenesis in osteoporosis.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 38 osteoporotic women; 25 patients were treated with risedronate 5 mg/d, whereas 13 were treated with calcium 1 g/d and vitamin D 800 UI/d. The following parameters were assessed: changes in bone turnover, circulating osteoclast precursors, formation of osteoclasts in PBMC cultures, their activity and vitality, and variations in the production of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines before and after therapy.
Results: After 3 mo of risedronate, there was a significant reduction in the number and degree of differentiation of osteoclast precursors, osteoclast formation, vitality and activity, and in the level of RANKL and TNF in cultures and of TNF and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in serum, whereas in the group treated with calcium and vitamin D, there were no significant changes.
Conclusions: Our data show that risedronate is effective in lowering the number of circulating osteoclast precursors, their formation, vitality, and activity in cultures, and in reducing the level of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines in culture supernatants and in serum.
Bivariate Whole Genome Linkage Analyses for Total Body Lean Mass and BMD
Authors: Wang Xiang-Li , Deng Fei-Yan , Tan Li-Jun , Deng Hong-Yi , Liu Yao-Zhong , Papasian Christopher J , Recker Robert R , Deng Hong-Wen 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
A genome-wide bivariate analysis was conducted for TBLM and BMD at the spine and hip in a large white sample. We found some QTLs shared by TBLM and BMD in the entire sample and the sex-specific subgroups, and QTLs with potential pleiotropy were disclosed.
Introduction: Previous studies suggested that total body lean mass (TBLM) and BMD are highly genetically correlated. However, the specific shared genetic factors between TBLM and BMD are unknown.
Materials and Methods: To identify the specific quantitative trait loci (QTLs) shared by TBLM and BMD at the spine (L1–L4) and total hip, we performed bivariate whole genome linkage analysis (WGLA) in a large sample involving 4498 white subjects of European origin.
Results: Multipoint bivariate linkage analyses for 22 autosomes showed evidence of significant linkage with an LOD score of 4.86 at chromosome region 15q13 for TBLM and spine BMD in women, and suggestive linkage findings (LOD &gt; 2.2) at 7p22 for TBLM and spine BMD for the entire sample, at 7q32 for TBLM and BMD at both spine and hip in women, and at 7q21 and 13p11 for TBLM and BMD at both spine and hip in men. Two-point linkage analyses for chromosome X also showed significant linkage signals at several regions such as Xq25. Complete pleiotropy (a single locus influencing both traits) was suggested at 7q32 and 13q11 for TBLM and BMD. Additionally, complete co-incident linkage (separate tightly clustered loci each influencing a single trait) was detected at 7p22 for TBLM and spine BMD.
Conclusions: We identified several genomic regions shared by TBLM and BMD in whites. Further studies may focus on fine mapping and identification of the specific QTLs in these candidate genomic regions.
Use of KLST-Type Miniature Charpy Specimens for Measuring Dynamic Fracture Toughness under Impact Loading Rates
Authors: Lucon Enrico , Scibetta Marc 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The knowledge of dynamic mechanical properties is useful in all cases where the strain rate sensitivity of metallic materials is an issue, and whenever the actual loading conditions for a structure (either in normal operation or under accidental circumstances) are different from static. Furthermore, in some investigations, increasing the loading rate in a mechanical test is used to simulate other embrittling mechanisms such as thermal aging or neutron exposure. Precracked Charpy-type (PCVN) specimens, tested under impact loading rates using an instrumented pendulum, have been used for more than 30 years to measure dynamic fracture toughness; the experimental procedure and the analysis methodology are fairly well established, despite the lack of an ASTM or ISO official test standard. This paper addresses the applicability of fatigue precracked miniature Charpy specimens of KLST type (PKLST-B = 3 mm, W = 4 mm and L = 27 mm) for impact toughness measurements in the ductile-to-brittle transition regime and in fully ductile (upper shelf) conditions. In the transition region, tests have been analyzed using the Master Curve approach; the multiple-specimen (low-blow) method has been applied in the upper shelf regime. A well-known and fully characterized reactor pressure vessel steel of the A533B Cl.1 type (JRQ) has been used; the results obtained have been compared with data previously obtained from standard-size precracked Charpy specimens. It has been found that under impact loading conditions PKLST specimens suffer significant loss of constraint when compared to conventional precracked Charpy V-notch samples, in both transition and upper shelf conditions.
Unfinished Considerations: Schubert's "Unfinished" Symphony in the Context of His Beethoven Project
Authors: Gingerich John 
Published: October 2007

Schubert finished only the first two movements of his B-Minor Symphony (D. 759), and they remained unseen and unheard for the last six years of his life, indeed until 1865. The best available evidence indicates that he sent his only score to the Music Society in Graz sometime after September 1823, and that from that point on, at the latest, he had given up any plans to complete the two remaining movements. But why?
At least part of the answer is to be found in several consistent patterns Schubert followed in the conduct of his career. He did not return to unfinished works after he had laid them aside for a period of several months; the only exception to this pattern is the Mass in Ab. And not until early 1824 did Schubert begin to seek publication or public performance for newly composed works in the large multi-movement instrumental genres--in Beethoven's genres. Finally, in October 1822, the date on the score of the B-Minor Symphony, Schubert could have had no reasonable expectation of a full performance of a four-movement symphony, in Vienna or anywhere else, by an orchestra of adequate quality. His subsequent hopes and exertions for a performance of a symphony, for his "Great" C-Major Symphony, proved illusory and unavailing, even after he had become much better established.
Elektra's Oceanic Time: Voice and Identity in Richard Strauss
Authors: Wikshåland Ståle 
Published: October 2007

Perhaps more than any other opera by Strauss, Elektra is a drama about the sense of hearing. It belongs to the phantasmagoric realm of listening, and it affirms, like few other operas, the power of music alone to fire up the listener's imagination. In this sense, it renders the transitions between its own different layers of reality, between the here and now of Elektra's agony and her reliving of her father's murder at the hands of her mother and her mother's lover, in a way that obscures the borderline between that terrible past and the soon to be horrible present. The article investigates these transitions in the opera.
The crime against her father, Agamemnon, has burned itself into her soul, and it directs all her experience afterward. Elektra's retribution of the past injustice is no more than an imagined restoration. Her revenge remains a private matter; it does not resurrect any moral order and does not re-create the basis for a new community. The radicalism of this lack of morality is overwhelming, especially if we consider that Hofmannsthal's libretto departs from Sophocles only on this main point.
A different notion of time, articulated through Strauss's music, strikes through the ongoing present, takes hold of it, and becomes predominant. This is the time in which Elektra lives. We witness a strange battle between remembrance and forgetting as Elektra's present actions are driven wholly by the effort to forget the present in order to restore the past. All is in vain, of course, because it is impossible to reverse time. Everything is too late. This belatedness becomes Elektra's destiny.
Directors often lean heavily on Elektra's resolution of her predicament in the fulfillment of full-blown revenge, which ends with a going out of time at the very moment when the border between lived real time and fantasy time collapses. Yet what if emphasis were placed elsewhere? The article raises this question as a pressing one, in connection with Peter Konwitschny's staging of Elektra in the new theater of the Royal Danish Opera in Copenhagen, February 2005. In Konwitschny's staging, the decisive event, the precipitating trauma, is no longer, as in Strauss and Hofmannsthal, something that has long since happened when the curtain rises and that rules every succeeding event from an inaccessible point in past time. Instead, the precipitating trauma is drawn into the opera itself. The article tries to show how this interpretation has consequences that change the work. Elektra's destiny does not become less shocking, but rather shocks us in a different manner.
Global Climate Change and Children's Health
Authors:   Committee on Environmental Health
Published: October 2007

This Policy Statement was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2023-065504.
There is broad scientific consensus that Earth's climate is warming rapidly and at an accelerating rate. Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels, are very likely (&gt;90% probability) to be the main cause of this warming. Climate-sensitive changes in ecosystems are already being observed, and fundamental, potentially irreversible, ecological changes may occur in the coming decades. Conservative environmental estimates of the impact of climate changes that are already in process indicate that they will result in numerous health effects to children. The nature and extent of these changes will be greatly affected by actions taken or not taken now at the global level.
Physicians have written on the projected effects of climate change on public health, but little has been written specifically on anticipated effects of climate change on children's health. Children represent a particularly vulnerable group that is likely to suffer disproportionately from both direct and indirect adverse health effects of climate change. Pediatric health care professionals should understand these threats, anticipate their effects on children's health, and participate as children's advocates for strong mitigation and adaptation strategies now. Any solutions that address climate change must be developed within the context of overall sustainability (the use of resources by the current generation to meet current needs while ensuring that future generations will be able to meet their needs). Pediatric health care professionals can be leaders in a move away from a traditional focus on disease prevention to a broad, integrated focus on sustainability as synonymous with health.
This policy statement is supported by a technical report that examines in some depth the nature of the problem of climate change, likely effects on children's health as a result of climate change, and the critical importance of responding promptly and aggressively to reduce activities that are contributing to this change.
Mortality and Exploitation Rate Estimates for the Recreational Bay Scallop Fishery off the Gulf Coast of Florida, USA
Authors: Greenawalt-Boswell Jaime , Frazer Thomas K. , Jacoby Charles A. , Arnold William S. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Historically, the bay scallop Argopecten irradians supported recreational and commercial fisheries along Florida's Gulf Coast. Declines in density led to a ban on commercial fishing and tighter regulation of recreational fishing. In support of sustainable management, we derived estimates of mortality and exploitation from a multiyear series of preharvest and postharvest surveys of bay scallop density at five locations; catch curves from two locations during 3 years; and an aerial survey of recreational effort. Surveys at locations not subject to harvest yielded natural mortality estimates from which we derived estimates of fishing mortality and exploitation. Based solely on preharvest and postharvest surveys, we estimated the seasonal exploitation rate (u) as 0.0684. Based on all relevant surveys of bay scallop density, we calculated means and 95% confidence intervals for actual seasonal mortality (A = 0.6365 ± 0.06833), daily instantaneous total mortality (Z = 0.0153 ± 0.00293), daily instantaneous natural mortality (M = 0.0145 ± 0.00314), and daily instantaneous fishing mortality (F = 0.0013 ± 0.0055; 0.0000 replaced the negative lower confidence limit in further calculations). We used the means and confidence limits for M and F to calculate a mean and range for u (mean = 0.0575, range = 0.0000–0.2335). Effort on weekends and holidays was significantly greater than effort on weekdays. Data on effort and harvest generated u-values of 0.1244 at Homosassa and 0.1667 at Steinhatchee. Overall, our results confirm that natural mortality is substantially higher than fishing mortality for bay scallops. Simulations indicated that current levels of harvest, current bag limits, and potential variations in catches are unlikely to extirpate bay scallops if initial densities are at least 25 scallops/600 m2 and if u stays within the calculated range. Our data did not indicate significant compensatory or depensatory mortality.
The Effects of Boat Propeller Scarring on Nekton Growth in Subtropical Seagrass Meadows
Authors: Burfeind Dana D. , Stunz Gregory W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAn increasing boating population has led to extensive propeller scarring in many shallow seagrass meadows, and research has focused on relating scarring to nekton abundance; however, little information exists on the impacts on habitat functionality. In this study we moved beyond simple measures of faunal density as an indicator of habitat quality by comparing the growth rates of common estuarine nekton in different levels of propeller scarring in Redfish Bay, Texas. Growth rates of selected fauna were examined by using field enclosures and otolith microstructure analysis. Otolith microstructure analysis on pinfish Lagodon rhomboides indicated no difference in growth rates at various scarring intensities. We conducted field growth enclosure experiments on a common decapod crustacean, the white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus. White shrimp showed significantly lower growth in highly scarred areas than in reference sites. These results suggest that regions of low‐level propeller scarring (less than 15%) may have little effect on small‐scale habitat quality. However, higher levels of propeller scarring may affect habitat quality; therefore, more information is needed to characterize the large‐scale effects of propellers at higher scarring intensities.
The Palace of the Republic versus the Stadtschloss: The Dilemmas of Planning in the Heart of Berlin
Authors: Ledanff Susanne 
Published: October 2007

On 4 July 2002, the German Bundestag had to decide on the futureof one of the capital city’s principal historical sites: the square knownas the Schlossplatz, where the Hohenzollern Palace once stood butthat since 1976 had been the site of the German Democratic Republic’sflagship Palace of the Republic. It was not the first time thatGerman politicians had been called upon to decide issues relating toart and architecture. On previous occasions votes had been taken onthe wrapping of the Reichstag by Christo and Jeanne-Claude, SirNorman Foster’s dome, Hans Haacke’s artistic installation “DerBevölkerung” inside the Reichstag, and Peter Eisenman’s design forBerlin’s Holocaust memorial.1 Their decision to rebuild the historicalpalace, however, differed in that the politicians did not vote onan architectural design, “in eigener Sache.”2 That is, it was not abuilding or monument belonging to the governmental or politicalsphere of the capital city but rather a site likely to house culturalinstitutions. Parliamentarians, thus, were called upon to settle atwelve-year-old planning and architectural controversy after all othermeans, including architectural competitions, had failed.
The SPD, the Welfare State, and Agenda 2010
Authors: Braunthal Gerard 
Published: October 2007

The German Social Democratic Party (SPD) celebrated its 140 yearsof existence on 23 May 2003 with the appropriate fanfare in Berlin.Not too many other political parties in the world can match this survivalrecord, especially given the hostility of Chancellor Bismarck,who in 1878 outlawed the fledgling party as an organization fortwelve years, and of Adolf Hitler, who in 1933 drove the party intoexile for twelve years. During the post-World War II era, the SPDreestablished itself as a major party and shared in governing thecountry from 1966 to 1982 and again from 1998 to the present. Ithas left an imprint on the country’s domestic and foreign policies.But in the twenty-first century’s initial years, the SPD, despite beingin power, is facing serious problems of maintaining membership andelectoral support.
Emancipatory Entertainments: Gender in Weimar Mass Culture
Authors: Hall Sara 
Published: October 2007

Vibeke Rützou Petersen, Women and Modernity in Weimar Germany: Reality and Representation in Popular Fiction (New York: Berghahn, 2001)Richard C. McCormick, Gender and Sexuality in Weimar Modernity: Film, Literature, and “New Objectivity” (New York: Palgrave, 2001)
The Legacies of Memory: The Third Reich in Unified Germany
Authors: Wolfgram Mark A. 
Published: October 2007

Bill Niven, Facing the Nazi Past: United Germany and the Legacy of the Third Reich (London: Routledge, 2002)Siobhan Kattago, Ambiguous Memory: The Nazi Past and German National Identity (Praeger: Westport, Conn., 2001)
Political Science and Democratic Culture: Ernst Fraenkel’s Studies of American Democracy
Authors: Buchstein Hubertus 
Published: October 2007

Reflecting on his academic exile in the United States, the Germanpolitical scientist Franz L. Neumann emphasized the cross-fertilizationof ideas as a result of the confrontation of different scientific andpolitical cultures.1 According to Neumann, the migration of hundredsof European academics to the United States led to a growinginternationalization of the social sciences and a two-way learningprocess. The Europeans became accustomed to the practice of theAmerican liberal democracy and learned to value its political culture;émigré scholars, on the other hand, brought with them a differentacademic Denkstil and contributed to a more critical self-understandingof American democratic theory.
The Influence of Political Culture upon Cross-Cultural Misperceptions and Foreign Policy: The United States and Germany
Authors: Kalberg Stephen 
Published: October 2007

The disagreement between Germany and the United States over thewar in Iraq was massive. During the winter of 2002, many observersspoke of a long-term rift between these longstanding allies and atotal loss of credibility on both sides. No one can doubt, regardlessof recent healing overtures,1 that the German-American partnershiphas been altered and significantly weakened. It has suffered a blowfar more damaging than those that accompanied past conflicts over,for example, Ostpolitik, the neutron bomb, the Soviet gas pipeline,the flow of high technology products to the Soviet Union, the impositionof trade sanctions in 1980 against the military government inPoland, the stationing in the late 1970s of middle-range missiles onGerman soil, and the modernization of short-range missiles in 1989.
Eastern German Film, 1945-2000
Authors: Epstein Catherine 
Published: October 2007

Joshua Feinstein, The Triumph of the Ordinary: Depictions of Daily Life in the East German Cinema, 1949-1989 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2002)Leonie Naughton, Film Culture, Unification, and the “New” Germany (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002)