bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Reactivity of Various Silicate Minerals toward Acids
Authors: Mase Hanzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In this paper, the author proposed a classified table of metals contained in silicate minerals, and the qualitative and conventional rules in which it appeared possible to predict the reactivity of all the known silicate minerals toward ordinary mineral acids. In the classification and rules, ionic potential, Goldschmidt’s polarizing power, and field strength of the metals in the silicate minerals play important roles.
The rules are summarized as follows: 1) the silicate minerals—especially, the neso- and sorosilicate ones composed of the comparative simple ionic crystal lattices—containing the less electropositive metals (e.g., Ti, Be, Al, Cr, V(III), Fe(III), Mn(III), Zr, etc.) are generally unattacked by acids; 2) in the ino-, phyllo-, and tecto-silicate minerals, which contain various polymerized and giant silicate ions, their structures exert a favorable influence upon their reactivity toward acids. Thus, in these minerals, it is necessary for us to take their structural effects into consideration, besides the above rule 1) ; and 3) the bonding energies of silicate minerals are closely related to their reactivity. In general, the neso-, soro-, ino-, and phyllo-silicate minerals of which bonding energies are less than about 30500 kcal. and the tectosilicate ones of which the energies are less than about 33500 kcal. seem to be decomposed by acids.
Studies on Antibiotics and Related Substances. XII. Syntheses of 10-Oxo-11-dodecenoic Acid and 11-Oxo-12-tridecenoic Acid, Antitumor Substances
Authors: Kinoshita Mitsuhiro , Umezawa Sumio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) 11-Oxo-12-tridecenoic acid (IXa) has been prepared from ethyl 9-bromononanoate (II) via 11-oxododecanoic acid (IVa) and the corresponding Mannich base Va.
2) 10-Oxo-11-dodecenoic acid (IXb) has been prepared from 10-oxoundecanoic acid (IVb) via the corresponding Mannich base Vb.
3) It has been found that IXa and IXb possess antitumor and antifugal activities.
Dielectric Investigation on Coals. V. Microwave Dielectric Constant
Authors: Chitoku Kazuo , Higasi Keniti 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Using the transmission method, resonance method and bridge method, dielectric constants and losses are measured on paraffin-wax mixtures of twelve specimens of coal ranging from C Rough 65 to 92%.
2. Dielectric constants of coals are estimated for these coals by means of Böttcher’s equation
3. The relation between dielectric constant and oxygen content is discussed and it is shown that polar groups contribute to dielectric constant.
4. From the comparison with optical dielectric constant, the motion of dipoles in coals in the electric field can be discussed. Rough estimates of dipole moments are also given.
Syntheses of Peptides Related to the N-Terminal Structure of Corticotropin. II. Synthesis of Gly-Lys-Pro-Val Sequence
Authors: Inouye Ken , Otsuka Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Formylglycyl-ε-carbobenzoxylysylprolylvaline benzyl ester, which has a sequence occurring in corticotropin and α-MSH, has been synthesized.
Studies on Extraction of Polonium(IV) by Hexone from Acid Solution
Authors: Matsuura Niro , Ouchi Akira , Kojima Masuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ionic state of polonium(IV) in hydrochloric and sulfuric acid solution was studied by the solvent extraction with hexone (methyl isobutyl ketone).
1) The polonium solution stored in 0.4 n nitric acid is strongly hydrolysed by aging. The low extraction coefficient caused by hydrolysis became higher by heating the polonium solution in stronger nitric acid. On the other hand, the polonium stored in 6 n nitric acid can be extracted with constant extraction coefficient, about 80%, through the entire acidity range from 1 to 6 n., if the extraction was carried out without any aging.
2) The aging effect of polonium(IV) in hydrochloric acid is rather complicated. A minimum extraction appeared in the acidity range near 2 n hydrochloric acid. By applying mass action law the probable form of polonium(IV) in that range was Po(OH)2Cl42− or PoO2+, assuming that PoCl62− was the stable form of polonium(IV) in 6 n hydrochloric acid which is readily soluble in hexone.
3) Almost no polonium(IV) was extracted by hexone from sulfuric acid solution. Here, the polonium(IV) in sulfuric acid exists probably as PoO2+ rather than as PoO32−.
The Composition and the Solubility Product Constant of Lead(II) Ethylenediaminetetraacetatoplumbate(II)
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Kamada Minoru , Satô Gen 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The slightly soluble white crystals which form when lead (II) nitrate is added to the lead (II) ethylenediaminetetraacetate complexes in acetate buffer solution have been investigated. From the chemical analysis, it was found that the crystals have the composition of lead (II) ethylenediaminetetraacetatoplumbate(II) monohydrate. The solubility product constant,
K sp=[Pb2+][PbY2−]
where Y4 means an ethylenediaminetetraacetate anion was determined at ionic strength 0.2 as 3.54×10−6(mol./1.)2 at 15°C, 4.34×10−6(mol./1.)2 at 25°C and 5.72×10−6 (mol./1.)2 at 35°C.
Kinetics of the Reduction of Selenious Acid by Sulfur Dioxide. I. Reduction in Acidic Solution with Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Hamada Keinosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The reduction of selenious acid in hydrochloric acid by sulfur dioxide is a typical second order reaction with respect to selenious acid, while the reaction is of zero order with respect to sulfur dioxide because of the continuous passage of sulfur dioxide through a solution.
(2) The results obtained at 70, 60, 55 and 50°C (a=0.0184 mol./l., [H+]=0.49g. ion/l.) give a good Arrhenius plot, leading to the value of 24.5 kcal. mol−1 for the energy of activation.
(3) The rate constant of this reaction under a certain condition can be evaluated by the general equation,
k 1=2.054×1015×[H+]2exp(−E⁄RT)
where [H+] is hydrogen ion concentration, E, the energy of activation and T absolute temperature.
(4) The reduction of selenious acid in sulfuric acid, which will be published in a subsequent paper, is a reversible reaction. The above equation for the rate constant is utilized as a basic equation, in order to determine the rate constant in the forward direction of the reversible reaction.
Studies on Antibiotics and Related Substances. XI. Methylated Amino-sugar Moieties from Methylated Kanamycin
Authors: Umezawa Sumio , It\={o} Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) 3-Acetamido-3-deoxy-2,4,6-tri-O-methyl-d-glucose (I) and N-2,4-dinitrophenyl) derivative (II) of 6-amino-6-deoxy-2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-d-glucose have been isolated from the hydrolyzate of exhaustively methylated N-acetyl kanamycin.
2) II has been synthesized from 6-amino-6-deoxy-3,5-benzylidene -1,2-isopropylidene-d-glucose.
Determination of Lanthanum, Samarium and Europium in Manganese Nodules by Neutron Activation
Authors: Kawashima Toshi , Osawa Masumi , Mochizuki Yoko , Hamaguchi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The gamma spectrometric method has been developed for simultaneous determination of microgram amounts of lanthanum, samarium and europium without chemical separation of each other. The method was based on the chemical separation of rare earth mixtures from neutron irradiated samples and subsequent γ-ray scintillation counting of the isolated rare earth fractions. The sample was irradiated for 2∼3 days, 5 hr. each day, in the nuclear reactor JRR-1 at a flux of the order of 1011n/cm2/sec. The rare earth mixture purified by lanthanum fluoride cycles was used for γ-ray counting at a given pulse height peak. The activity of each component could be evaluated by resolving the decay curves obtained, and the amount calculated by comparing the activity with that of each monitor.
On the Electrical Conductivity of the Organic Thin Films: Perylene, Coronene and Violanthrene
Authors: Inokuchi Hiroo , Kuroda Haruo , Akamatu Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It was found that the various types of conductivity cells of aromatic hydrocarbons possess great discrepancies of their electrical resistivity. The resistivity observed with the sandwich-type cell, perylene; 1018∼19 Ωcm., coronene; 1017∼18 Ωcm., and violanthrene; 1014 Ωcm., is in quite good agreement with that of the bulk specimen. However, a great difference was found between the resistivities of the sandwich-type and the surface-type cells, perylene; 1013 Ωcm., coronene; 1012∼13 Ωcm., and violanthrene ; 109 Ωcm. This discrepancy in resistivity can be assumed to be introduced from the textured structure of the evaporated films and the substantial anisotropy of crystals; the crystals are in alignment with their a·b plane with the film surface. This orientation was found from the X-ray diffraction results, combined with the electron microscopic observation and the electron microdiffraction results.
Diffusion in Glassy Polymers. II. Effects of Polymer-penetrant Interaction ; Diffusion of Ethyl Methyl Ketone in Atactic Polystyrene
Authors: Odani Hisashi , Hayashi Jun , Tamura Mikio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The successive differential absorptions for the A–PS-ethyl methyl ketone system change with the initial concentration according to the same scheme as that presented previously as typical systems of amorphous polymer-organic vapor; that is,
sigmoid type →pseudo-Fickian type → two-stage type → pseudo-Fickian type → Fickian type
The last transition, from pseudo-Fickian to Fickian types, for ethyl methyl ketone occurs at lower concentration than that for benzene. The second stage portion of the two-stage process shifts rapidly to the short time regions as the initial concentration of each step increases. The rate of this shift depends upon initial concentration in nearly the same manner as in the A–PS-benzene system. The general features of integral absorptions for the present system are very similar to those for benzene system, irrespective of the difference in the penetrant-polymer interaction between the two systems. The dependence of absorption rate upon ΔC is also similar in general character to that for benzene system.
Infrared Spectra of Troponoid Compounds. III. Tropolone and 2-Deuteroxytropone
Authors: Ikegami Yusaku 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to find infrared absorption of tropolone, especially the absorption that can be assigned to the C–O–H group, the spectrum of 2-deuteroxytropone was measured and there were discussions chiefly on absorptions in the finger-print region. The absorption bands at around 3150, 1490, 1267 and 726 cm−1 were assigned to the vibration of C–O–H group. In this connection, some mention was made on deuterated tropolone and considerations were made on the assignment of vibrational spectra of tropolone, as summarized in Table II.
Dye-sensitized Photopolymerization of Vinyl Monomers. I. Preliminary Report on the Polymerization of Acrylonitrile by Various Dyes
Authors: Takemura Fukuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Among various dyes, the dyes suitable for the sensitization of the polymerization of acrylonitrile have been determined. Acridine and xanthene dyes have been found to be the most effective.
Using acridine yellow, one of the most effective, the dye-sensitized photopolymerization has been investigated in detail; it has been shown that the reaction has several features characteristic of heterogeneous polymerization, e.g., its order is higher than one-and-a-half on monomer concentration.
Assuming the initiation process to be a direct interaction between excited dye and monomer, and assuming the unimolecular termination by occlusion of the propagating radicals, the kinetic data has been interpreted.
A Selective Phosphorylation by Means of α-Bromocyano acetamides and Trialkyl Phosphites
Authors: Hata Tsujiaki , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A method of selective phosphorylation by means of α-bromocyanoacetamides and trialkyl phosphites was devised. In this method, various phosphates, pyrophosphates and phosphoramidate were obtained in excellent yields under mild conditions without isolating the intermediate, enol-phosphate.
The use of dibromocyanoacetamide in place of monobromocyanoacetamide produced the same results, the yields being, however, less.
A new method for the preparation of monobromocyanoacetamide was also described.
Syntheses and Ultraviolet Spectra of Aromatic Azo Compounds. II. Azobenzenecarboxylic Acids, Methylazobenzenecarboxylic Acids and their Ethyl Esters
Authors: Nomura Yujiro , Anzai Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The zinc chloride double salts of ethoxy-carbonylbenzenediazonium chlorides reacted with aryl Grignard reagents to give ethyl azobenzenecarboxylates. This provides a new method for the preparation of these compounds, as has been demonstrated by the preparation of twelve azo compounds, including ten substances not hitherto known.
2) A group of azobenzenecarboxylic acids was prepared by the hydrolysis of the corresponding ethyl esters obtained above ; seven of them are new compounds.
3) The ultraviolet absorption spectra of these esters and free acids were measured.
Studies of the Drawing of Polyamide Fibers. I. Dependence of Some Physical Properties on the Draw Ratio
Authors: Hattori Hiroshi , Takagi Yasuo , Kawaguchi Tatsuro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The relation between the draw ratio and some physical properties of nylon 6 fibers was investigated, using monofilament drawn in hot water to various draw ratios. The tensile strength decreases, passes through a minimum at a draw ratio near 2, and then increases as the draw ratio becomes higher. The decrease in strength at the minimum in the sample drawn immediately after spinning amounts to 60% of the strength of the undrawn sample. The shrinkage in boiling water of the sample drawn immediately after spinning is nearly zero in the range of a low draw ratio, increases in the range of the ratio from ca. 2 to ca. 3.5, and gradually approaches a saturating value, but that of the samples drawn many days after spinning increases most rapidly in the range of the ratio from 1 to ca. 2 and then gradually approaches to a saturating value with the draw ratio. On the first stage of drawing, the rate of increase in birefringence with the draw ratio of the sample drawn immediately after spinning is smaller than that of the sample drawn many days after spinning. On the basis of these results, the authors discussed the mechanism of the drawing of polyamide filaments.
Condensation of the Triad System with Carbonyl Compounds. I. Condensation of Ethyl Itaconate with Ketones
Authors: Katsuta Chiaki , Sugiyama Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the presence of sodium ethoxide, ethyl itaconate condensed with ketones (acetone and cyclohexanone) at the terminal carbon atoms of its triad system without any appreciable isomerisation and afforded novel compounds, α-methyl-γ,γ-disubstituted aconic acids (C) and α-alkylidenemethyl-γ,γ-disubstituted aconic acids (D).
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
The chemical structures of C and D were determined by ultraviolet, infrared, NMR spectra etc.
A reaction mechanism has been proposed (p. 1197).
Potentiometric Determination of the Formation Constants of Thiocyanato Complexes of Mercury(II)
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Ebata Kazuko , Murayama Teisuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The formation constants of dithiocyanatomercury(II) and tri- and tetrathiocyanatomercurate(II) complexes have been determined by the potentiometric method with a dropping mercury electrode at ionic strength 0.2 and at 15, 25 and 35°C. The values obtained are:
at 15°C, KHg(SCN)2c=1.8×1017,
K Hg(SCN)3 c =7.1×1019,
K Hg(SCN)4 c =1.11×1022;
at 25°C, KHg(SCN)2c=2.7×1016,
K Hg(SCN)3 c =1.39×1019,
K Hg(SCN)4 c =1.32×1021;
at 35°C, KHg(SCN)2c=5.5×1015,
K Hg(SCN)3 c =2.43×1018,
K Hg(SCN)4 c =1.68×1020.
The thermodynamic formation constants of these complexes and the free energy change, the enthalpy change and the entropy change of the formation reactions of these complexes have been calculated.
Infrared and Ultraviolet Spectra of α- and γ-Pyrones
Authors: Yamada Kiyoyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Effects of substituents on the characteristic bands of pyrones were examined in the infrared spectra. Ultraviolet spectra of various α- and γ-pyrones were recorded and the application of the spectroscopic results obtained, disclosed the problems of tautomerism and isomerism concering some of the pyrone derivatives.
Studies on Long Chain Alkyl Amides of Water-soluble Poly-α-amino Acids. II. Infrared Spectra of Poly-Dl-alanine Dodecylamide
Authors: Ikeda Shoichi , Isemura Toshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared spectra of poly-Dl-alanine and poly-Dl-alanine dodecylamide were measured on film cast from various solutions, and the conformation of the polymers were elucidated on the basis of the location and intensity of absorptions, mainly in the amide I and III bands.
The polymer showed an absorption at 1661 cm−1 in the amide I band if it was in the random coil form, but it showed two absorptions at 1630 and 1690 cm−1, if it was in the antiparallel β-form. While the amide III band was located at 1244 cm−1 irrespective of the polymer conformation, the band had an additional absorption at 1222 cm−1 for the β-conformation.
From the above correlation of the spectra with the polymer conformation, it was found that poly-Dl-alanine and PADA prepared with high [A]/[I] ratios are in the random coil form but that PADA of [A]/[I] ratios lower than 30 is composed of both the random coil and the antiparallel β-forms when it is regenerated from formic acid solution. PADA contained a greater amount of the β-form as the [A]/[I] value or the degree of polymerization was lower. The [A]/[I] 5 preparation was mostly in the β-form.
In the ionized PADA obtained from aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, the portion of the random coil form increased relative to that in the unionized PADA derived from formic acid solution, and the effect of the ionization was enhanced for the lower [A]/[I] preparations.
Poly-Dl-alanine and PADA in formic acid or aqueous hydrochloric acid solution underwent a partial transformation from the random coil to the β-form during the aging of concentrated solution, which process accompanied gelation. The solution of the lowest [A]/[I] preparation did not gel. In the state regenerated from gel, poly-Dl-alanine and PADA, except for the unionized lower [A]/[I] preparations, had an increased amount of the β-form as compared with that from an initial fluid solution. In the lower [A]/[I] preparations obtained from formic acid solution, the reverse transformation apparently occured, when the films cast before and after the gelation were compared.
Concentration and Temperature Profiles in a Tubular Reactor for Methanol Synthesis with the Outer-wall of a Uniform Temperature. II. Profiles in Reactors with a Heat Exchanger Tube in the Catalyst Bed
Authors: Ogino Yoshisada , Oba Masaaki , Shimomura Kinya , Uchida Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Among the three types of heat exchanger tubes, a single tube countercurrent type, a double tube countercurrent type, and a double tube concurrent type, only the first one serves to increase the methanol production considerably compared with the effect of the previously tested reactor with no heat exchanger tube. On the basis of the experimental temperature profiles in both the catalyst bed and the single tube-heat exchanger tube, the cooling coefficient with the tube has been calculated to give the value as a function of the bed length. The value, when averaged over the whole bed length, agrees with the calculated value from the heat transfer coefficients, h or h′ and ha, available from certain formulae. By the use of this value, the average temperature profiles in the bed have been calculated on the basis of the experimental concentration profile; the resultant profile agrees well with the experimental one.
As regards the double tube-heat exchanger tubes, the temperature profiles for both the annular-shaped space and the inner tube have been calculated from the experimental bed temperature profiles. The results show that the profiles in the second passage of the tubes always slope down markedly in the upper zone and that, as a consequence, the bed temperature profiles are apt to remain almost identical with that for the previously tested reactor with no heat exchanger tube.
Decomposition of Peroxybenzoic Acid in Solution. I. Decomposition in Alcohols
Authors: Tokumaru Katsumi , Simamura Osamu , Fukuyama Masaru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Decomposition of peroxybenzoic acid was studied in methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and tert-butyl alcohol. The primary and the secondary alcohols were oxidized to the corresponding carbonyl compounds, which were sometimes further oxidized. The apparent decomposition rate of peroxybenzoic acid in alcohols decreased in the order: isopropyl alcohol &gt; ethyl alcohol &gt; methyl alcohol &gt;&gt; tert-butyl alcohol. For these decompositions a radical mechanism, which involves the homolytic rupture of peroxybenzoic acid and its induced decomposition by 1-hydroxyalkyl radicals derived from the respective alcohols, was proposed. A possible participation of peroxybenzoate anions in these decompositions was suggested.
Decomposition of Peroxybenzoic Acid in Solution. II. Decomposion in Hydrocarbons
Authors: Tokumaru Katsumi , Simamura Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Decomposition of peroxybenzoic acid was studied in n-heptane, cyclohexane, cumene, and toluene. The hydrocarbons were oxidized to the corresponding alcohols, which were often oxidized further. For these decompositions, a radical chain mechanism was proposed, which involves the homolytic rupture of the oxygen-oxygen bond of peroxybenzoic acid as the initiation process and an induced decomposition of this bond by solvent radicals derived from hydrocarbon molecules.
Relations between the Electronic Absorption Spectra and the Spatial Configurations of Conjugated Systems. XII. The Intensity and the Shape of the Conjugation Band
Authors: Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The moment of the transition from the highest occupied orbital to the lowest vacant orbital has been calculated, by the simple LCAO MO method, as a function of the angle of the twist of the “single” bond for biphenyl, styrene and stilbene, each as a representative of alternant hydrocarbon systems. Thereby, it has been shown that the decrease in the intensity of the conjugation band observed with sterically hindered compounds, as compared with the band of the sterically unhindered parent compound, can be explained almost entirely satisfactorily by the decrease in the transition moment associated with the deviation of the most probable configuration of the molecule from the planarity. In this connection, Jaffé and Orchin’s explanation, as well as Braude’s explanation, of the steric hypochromic effect has been criticized.
From a consideration of the potential energy curves of the electronic ground state and of the electronic excited state for the twist of the “single” bond, an explanation has been suggested of the notable fact that the conjugation bands of sterically hindered stilbenes are almost structureless in contrast with the band of trans-stilbene, which has quite a well-resolved fine structure.
Relationship between Acid Dissociaiton Constants of N1-Aryl-sulfanilamides and the Hammett Equation
Authors: Yoshioka Mitsuru , Hamamoto Kaname , Kubota Tanekazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Acid dissociation constants of twenty one N1-arylsulfanilamides (ArNHSO2C6H4NH2) were exactly determined by the spectrophotometric method at 27±2°C and in an ionic strength of 0.2.
2. A modified Hammett relationship for nucleophilic reactions (Eq. 6) can be applied to acid dissociation of N1-arylsulfanilamides and also of N-arylbenzenesulfonamides (Ar·NHSO2C6H5).
3. These results show that the modified Hammett relationship should be applied to the dissociation of Ar-NH-SO2- type anilides.