bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interphase Cytogenetics for 1p19q and t(1;19)(q10;p10) may Distinguish Prognostically Relevant Subgroups in Extraventricular Neurocytoma
Authors: Rodriguez Fausto J. , Mota Renan A. , Scheithauer Bernd W. , Giannini Caterina , Blair Hilary , New Kent C. , Wu Kevin J. , Dickson Dennis W. , Jenkins Robert B. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractCo‐deletion of chromosome arms 1p and 19q, characteristic of oligodendroglial tumors, was recently found to be mediated by t(1;19)(q10;p10). To evaluate the prevalence of 1p19q co‐deletion and t(1;19) in extraventricular neurocytomas (EVN), we studied tumors from 23 patients, including 13 females and 10 males (median age at diagnosis 34 years, range 2–76 years). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies were performed with probes targeting 1p36/1q25 and 19q13/19p13 to assess for 1p19q co‐deletion, as well as chromosome 1 α‐satellite and 19p12 to detect t(1;19)(q10;p10). FISH was successful in 21 (91%) cases and demonstrated 1p19q co‐deletion in five cases (24%) or isolated 1p loss in two cases (10%). Evidence for t(1;19) was found in four (of five) cases with 1p19q co‐deletion. Three tumors with 1p19q loss and t(1;19) demonstrated atypical histologic features, compared with one (of 17) tumors without 1p19q co‐deletion (P = 0.01, Fisher exact test). In addition, tumors with t(1;19) showed increased mitotic activity compared with tumors without t(1;19) (P = 0.045; Wilcoxon rank sum test). The four patients with t(1;19) developed tumor recurrence (n = 3), or expired (n = 2) 3.5 to 5.5 years after first resection. These results suggest that 1p19q loss and t(1;19) occur in a subset of EVN, and may be associated with aggressive histology in these tumors.
Diagnosing overtraining in athletes using the two-bout exercise protocol
Authors: Meeusen R , Nederhof E , Buyse L , Roelands B , de Schutter G , Piacentini M F 
Published: August 2008

ObjectiveIn this work, whether a two-bout exercise protocol can be used to make an objective, immediately available distinction between non-functional over reaching (NFO) and overtraining syndrome (OTS) was studied.DesignUnderperforming athletes who were diagnosed with the suspicion of NFO or OTS were included in the study. Recovery of the athletes was monitored by a sports physician to retrospectively distinguish NFO from OTS.SettingSports medicine laboratoryParticipantsThe protocol was started and completed by 10 underperforming athletes. NFO was retrospectively diagnosed in five athletes, and OTS was diagnosed in five athletes.InterventionsA two-bout maximal exercise protocol was used to measure physical performance and stressinduced hormonal reactions.Main outcome measurementsExercise duration, heart rate and blood lactate concentration were measured at the end of both exercise tests. Venous concentrations cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), prolactin and growth hormone were measured both before and after both exercise tests.ResultsMaximal blood lactate concentration was lower in OTS compared with NFO, while resting concentrations of cortisol, ACTH and prolactin concentrations were higher. However, sensitivity of these measures was low. The ACTH and prolactin reactions to the second exercise bout were much higher in NFO athletes compared with OTS and showed the highest sensitivity for making the distinction.ConclusionsNFO might be distinguished from OTS based on ACTH and prolactin reactions to a two-bout exercise protocol. This protocol could be a useful tool for diagnosing NFO and OTS; however, more data should be collected before this test can be used as the gold standard.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer Prevention: Counterpoint
Authors: Jankowski Janusz , Hunt Richard 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Aspirin is the best chemoprevention agent for colorectal cancer risk reduction despite the fact that the evidence for a decrease in mortality is weak. The cyclooxygenase-2 selective agents (COXIBS) have an efficacy similar to that of aspirin for most gastrointestinal (GI) lesions but not esophagus. Specifically, there are beneficial short term effects of COXIBs on the risk of colorectal adenoma as shown in the Approve, PreSAP, and APC studies. However, there is still an increased risk of upper GI complications with COXIBs when compared with placebo, and this risk may increase further in some people when aspirin is also consumed. Whereas aspirin reduces the risk of cardiovascular events, COXIBs and most traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (but not all) are both associated with an increased risk of thrombotic cardiovascular events compared with placebo.
In conclusion, COXIBs have a niche role for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. The value of aspirin remains with respect for efficacy, mainly in the esophagus, and the side effect profile, especially in the elderly if given with acid suppression therapy. COXIBs should be used in younger populations, but if they are considered in the elderly because of increased GI risks, and the cardiovascular risk is also increased, then combination treatment with aspirin and a proton-pump inhibitor should also be considered instead, such as in the ASPECT trial. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(8):1858–61)
ESR1 Promoter Hypermethylation Does Not Predict Atypia in RPFNA nor Persistent Atypia after 12 Months Tamoxifen Chemoprevention
Authors: Baker Joseph C. , Ostrander Julie H. , Lem Siya , Broadwater Gloria , Bean Gregory R. , D'Amato Nicholas C. , Goldenberg Vanessa K. , Rowell Craig , Ibarra-Drendall Catherine , Grant Tracey , Pilie Patrick G. , Vasilatos Shauna N. , Troch Michelle M. , Scott Victoria , Wilke Lee G. , Paisie Carolyn , Rabiner Sarah M. , Torres-Hernandez Alejandro , Zalles Carola M. , Seewaldt Victoria L. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Purpose: Currently, we lack biomarkers to predict whether high-risk women with mammary atypia will respond to tamoxifen chemoprevention.
Experimental Design: Thirty-four women with cytologic mammary atypia from the Duke University High-Risk clinic were offered tamoxifen chemoprevention. We tested whether ESR1 promoter hypermethylation and/or estrogen receptor (ER) protein expression by immunohistochemistry predicted persistent atypia in 18 women who were treated with tamoxifen for 12 months and in 16 untreated controls.
Results: We observed a statistically significant decrease in the Masood score of women on tamoxifen chemoprevention for 12 months compared with control women. This was a significant interaction effect of time (0, 6, and 12 months) and treatment group (tamoxifen versus control) P = 0.0007. However, neither ESR1 promoter hypermethylation nor low ER expression predicted persistent atypia in Random Periareolar Fine Needle Aspiration after 12 months tamoxifen prevention.
Conclusions: Results from this single institution pilot study provide evidence that, unlike for invasive breast cancer, ESR1 promoter hypermethylation and/or low ER expression is not a reliable marker of tamoxifen-resistant atypia. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(8):1884–90)
Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Treatment Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Survival
Authors: Le Hoa , Ziogas Argyrios , Lipkin Steven M. , Zell Jason A. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Background: Poor survival among colorectal cancer (CRC) cases has been associated with African-American race and low socioeconomic status (SES). However, it is not known whether the observed poor survival of African-American CRC cases is due to SES itself and/or treatment disparities. We set out to determine this using data from the large, population-based California Cancer Registry database.
Methods: A case-only analysis of CRC was conducted including all age groups using California Cancer Registry data from 1994 to 2003, including descriptive analysis of relevant clinical variables, race, and SES. CRC-specific survival univariate analyses were conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate survival analyses were done using Cox proportional hazards ratios (HR).
Results: Incident cases of colon (90,273) and rectal (37,532) cancer were analyzed, including 91,739 (71.8%) non-Hispanic Whites, 8,535 (6.7%) African-Americans, 14,943 (11.7%) Hispanics, 3,564 (2.8%) Chinese, and 7,950 (6.2%) non-Chinese Asians. African-Americans had a greater proportion of metastatic stage at presentation (P &lt; 0.0001) and decreased CRC-specific survival (P &lt; 0.0001 for colon and rectal cancer). After adjustment for age, sex, histology, site within the colon, and stage, African-Americans [colon: HR, 1.19; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.14-1.25; rectum: HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.17-1.38] had an increased risk of death compared with Caucasians. However, after further adjustment for SES and treatment, the risk of death for African-Americans compared with Caucasians was substantially diminished (colon: HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.13; rectum: HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.20).
Conclusion: Among CRC cases, disparities in treatment and SES largely explain the observed decreased survival of African-Americans, underscoring the importance of health disparity research in this disease. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(8):1950–62)
Disparities in the Receipt of Fecal Occult Blood Test versus Endoscopy among Filipino American Immigrants
Authors: Maxwell Annette E. , Danao Leda L. , Crespi Catherine M. , Antonio Cynthia , Garcia Gabriel M. , Bastani Roshan 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Background: This report examines disparities associated with the type of colorectal screening test, fecal occult blood test versus endoscopy, within a particular racial/ethnic group, Filipino American immigrants.
Methods: Between July 2005 and October 2006, Filipino Americans aged 50 to 75 years from 31 community organizations in Los Angeles completed a 15-minute survey in English (65%) or Filipino (35%).
Results: Of the 487 respondents included in this analysis, 257 (53%) had never received any type of colorectal cancer screening. Among the 230 subjects who had ever received a routine screening test, 78 had fecal occult blood test only (16% of the total sample), and 152 had endoscopy with or without fecal occult blood test (31% of the total sample). After controlling for access to care and key demographic variables in a multivariate analysis, only two characteristics distinguished between respondents who had fecal occult blood test only versus those who had endoscopy: acculturation, assessed by percent lifetime in the United States and language of interview, and income.
Conclusions: Our data suggest a two-tier system, fecal occult blood test for less acculturated Filipino Americans with lower income versus endoscopy for Filipino immigrants with higher levels of acculturation and income. The disparity persists after adjusting for access to care. Instead of treating minority groups as monolithic, differences within groups need to be examined so that interventions can be appropriately targeted. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(8):1963–7)
Increased Childhood Liver Cancer Mortality and Arsenic in Drinking Water in Northern Chile
Authors: Liaw Jane , Marshall Guillermo , Yuan Yan , Ferreccio Catterina , Steinmaus Craig , Smith Allan H. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Arsenic in drinking water is an established cause of lung, bladder, and skin cancers in adults and may also cause adult kidney and liver cancers. Some evidence for these effects originated from region II of Chile, which had a period of elevated arsenic levels in drinking water, in particular from 1958 to 1970. This unique exposure scenario provides a rare opportunity to investigate the effects of early-life arsenic exposure on childhood mortality; to our knowledge, this is the first study of childhood cancer mortality and high concentrations of arsenic in drinking water. In this article, we compare cancer mortality rates under the age of 20 in region II during 1950 to 2000 with those of unexposed region V, dividing subjects into those born before, during, or after the peak exposure period. Mortality from the most common childhood cancers, leukemia and brain cancer, was not increased in the exposed population. However, we found that childhood liver cancer mortality occurred at higher rates than expected. For those exposed as young children, liver cancer mortality between ages 0 and 19 was especially high: the relative risk (RR) for males born during this period was 8.9 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.7-45.8; P = 0.009]; for females, the corresponding RR was 14.1 (95% CI, 1.6-126; P = 0.018); and for males and females pooled, the RR was 10.6 (95% CI, 2.9-39.2; P &lt; 0.001). These findings suggest that exposure to arsenic in drinking water during early childhood may result in an increase in childhood liver cancer mortality. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(8):1982–7)
p16 Promoter Methylation Is a Potential Predictor of Malignant Transformation in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia
Authors: Hall Gillian L. , Shaw Richard J. , Field E. Anne , Rogers Simon N. , Sutton David N. , Woolgar Julia A. , Lowe Derek , Liloglou Triantafillos , Field John K. , Risk Janet M. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Management of the patient with oral epithelial dysplasia depends on the ability to predict malignant transformation. Histologic grading of this condition fails in this regard and is also subject to interpathologist and intrapathologist variability. This study uses longitudinal clinical samples to explore the prognostic value of a previously validated panel of methylation biomarkers in a cohort of patients with histologically proven oral dysplasia. Methylation enrichment pyrosequencing assays were used to provide the sensitivity of traditional methylation-specific PCR with the additional specificity advantages of a subsequent confirmatory sequencing reaction. In 57% (8 of 14) patients with a lesion that transformed to oral squamous cell carcinoma, 26% (26 of 100) of longitudinal samples collected over ≥3 years showed p16 methylation. Only 1% (2 of 184) of samples from 8% of patients (2 of 24) not undergoing malignant transformation within 3 years had p16 methylation. Both of these samples with p16 promoter methylation were the most recently collected and the patients remain under continuing clinical review. Promoter methylation of MGMT, CYGB, and CCNA1 did not correlate with malignant progression. We thus conclude that methylation of the p16 gene promoter shows promise as a predictor for malignant transformation (Fisher's exact, P = 0.002) in a subset of patients. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(8):2174–9)
Studying Genetic Research Participants: Lessons from the “Learning About Research in North Carolina” Study
Authors: Corbie-Smith Giselle , Blumenthal Connie , Henderson Gail , Garrett Joanne , Bussey-Jones Jada , Moloney Mairead , Sandler Robert S. , Lloyd Stacey W. , Dorrance Jessica , Darter Jane 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Given the prohibitive cost of recruiting large and diverse populations for genetic explorations in cancer research, there has been a call for genetic studies to engage existing cohorts of research participants. This strategy could lead to more efficient recruitment and potentially result in significant advances in the understanding of cancer etiology and treatment. The Learning About Research in North Carolina (LeARN) study responded to the National Human Genome Research Institute interest in research on how study participants from diverse populations who had participated in genetic research perceived the risks and benefits of participating in combined epidemiologic-genetic research, how well they understand the purpose of the research and the uses to which the research results may be put, and how involvement in such research affects perceptions of disease causality. In this article, we give an overview of the LeARN study, summarizing the methods we used, challenges we encountered, and lessons learned about recruiting participants who have previously participated in genetic research. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(8):2019–24)
Gene Expression Profiling Identifies Genes Predictive of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Chu , Méndez Eduardo , Houck John , Fan Wenhong , Lohavanichbutr Pawadee , Doody Dave , Yueh Bevan , Futran Neal D. , Upton Melissa , Farwell D. Gregory , Schwartz Stephen M. , Zhao Lue Ping 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with substantial mortality and morbidity. To identify potential biomarkers for the early detection of invasive OSCC, we compared the gene expressions of incident primary OSCC, oral dysplasia, and clinically normal oral tissue from surgical patients without head and neck cancer or preneoplastic oral lesions (controls), using Affymetrix U133 2.0 Plus arrays. We identified 131 differentially expressed probe sets using a training set of 119 OSCC patients and 35 controls. Forward and stepwise logistic regression analyses identified 10 successive combinations of genes which expression differentiated OSCC from controls. The best model included LAMC2, encoding laminin-γ2 chain, and COL4A1, encoding collagen, type IV α1 chain. Subsequent modeling without these two markers showed that COL1A1, encoding collagen, type I α1 chain, and PADI1, encoding peptidyl arginine deiminase, type 1, could also distinguish OSCC from controls. We validated these two models using an internal independent testing set of 48 invasive OSCC and 10 controls and an external testing set of 42 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cases and 14 controls (GEO GSE6791), with sensitivity and specificity above 95%. These two models were also able to distinguish dysplasia (n = 17) from control (n = 35) tissue. Differential expression of these four genes was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. If confirmed in larger studies, the proposed models may hold promise for monitoring local recurrence at surgical margins and the development of second primary oral cancer in patients with OSCC. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(8):2152–62)
Circulating Human Interleukin-8 as an Indicator of Cancer Progression in a Nude Rat Orthotopic Human Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Model
Authors: Millar Hillary J. , Nemeth Jeffrey A. , McCabe Francis L. , Pikounis Bill , Wickstrom Eric 
Published: August 2008

AbstractClinically relevant animal models of human cancer are necessary for the evaluation of putative therapeutics. We hypothesized that circulating human lung cancer–associated proteins would correlate with physiologic measurements from an orthotopic H460 human non–small cell lung carcinoma model that we developed in immunodeficient rats. Physiologic measurements and serum samples were collected over time. Serum interleukin-8 (IL-8), p53, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were quantitated for correlation with physiologic measurements. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 and p53 were not significantly detectable. Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor was detected at high levels in some tumor-bearing animals. Human IL-8 was detectable in all tumor-bearing animals and correlated positively with markers of respiratory acidosis (pH, P = 0.012; TCO2, P = 0.024; pCO2, P = 0.007; and HCO3−, P = 0.029) and with surface body temperature (P = 0.001) beginning on day 16 after implantation. IL-8 levels negatively correlated with survival (P &lt; 0.001), indicating an association with tumor burden. Circulating human IL-8 might be a useful, clinically relevant circulating tumor protein marker due to its positive correlation with multiple physiologic variables associated with lung cancer progression. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(8):2180–7)
Pharmacokinetics of 6-Gingerol, 8-Gingerol, 10-Gingerol, and 6-Shogaol and Conjugate Metabolites in Healthy Human Subjects
Authors: Zick Suzanna M. , Djuric Zora , Ruffin Mack T. , Litzinger Amie J. , Normolle Daniel P. , Alrawi Sara , Feng Meihua Rose , Brenner Dean E. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Background: Ginger shows promising anticancer properties. No research has examined the pharmacokinetics of the ginger constituents 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol in humans. We conducted a clinical trial with 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol, examining the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of these analytes and their conjugate metabolites.
Methods: Human volunteers were given ginger at doses from 100 mg to 2.0 g (N = 27), and blood samples were obtained at 15 minutes to 72 hours after a single p.o. dose. The participants were allocated in a dose-escalation manner starting with 100 mg. There was a total of three participants at each dose except for 1.0 g (N = 6) and 2.0 g (N = 9).
Results: No participant had detectable free 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, or 6-shogaol, but 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol glucuronides were detected. The 6-gingerol sulfate conjugate was detected above the 1.0-g dose, but there were no detectable 10-gingerol or 6-shogaol sulfates except for one participant with detectable 8-gingerol sulfate. The Cmax and area under the curve values (mean ± SE) estimated for the 2.0-g dose are 0.85 ± 0.43, 0.23 ± 0.16, 0.53 ± 0.40, and 0.15 ± 0.12 μg/mL; and 65.6.33 ± 44.4, 18.1 ± 20.3, 50.1 ± 49.3, and 10.9 ± 13.0 μg·hr/mL for 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol. The corresponding tmax values are 65.6 ± 44.4, 73.1 ± 29.4, 75.0 ± 27.8, and 65.6 ± 22.6 minutes, and the analytes had elimination half-lives &lt;2 hours. The 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol conjugates were present as either glucuronide or sulfate conjugates, not as mixed conjugates, although 6-gingerol and 10-gingerol were an exception.
Conclusion: Six-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol are absorbed after p.o. dosing and can be detected as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(8):1930–6)
Perceived Medical Discrimination and Cancer Screening Behaviors of Racial and Ethnic Minority Adults
Authors: Crawley LaVera M. , Ahn David K. , Winkleby Marilyn A. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Background: Discrimination has been shown as a major causal factor in health disparities, yet little is known about the relationship between perceived medical discrimination (versus general discrimination outside of medical settings) and cancer screening behaviors. We examined whether perceived medical discrimination is associated with lower screening rates for colorectal and breast cancers among racial and ethnic minority adult Californians.
Methods: Pooled cross-sectional data from 2003 and 2005 California Health Interview Survey were examined for cancer screening trends among African American, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian, and Latino adult respondents reporting perceived medical discrimination compared with those not reporting discrimination (n = 11,245). Outcome measures were dichotomous screening variables for colorectal cancer among respondents ages 50 to 75 years and breast cancer among women ages 40 to 75 years.
Results: Women perceiving medical discrimination were less likely to be screened for colorectal [odds ratio (OR), 0.66; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.64-0.69] or breast cancer (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.51-0.54) compared with women not perceiving discrimination. Although men who perceived medical discrimination were no less likely to be screened for colorectal cancer than those who did not (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.97-1.07), significantly lower screening rates were found among men who perceived discrimination and reported having a usual source of health care (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.28-0.32).
Conclusions: These findings of a significant association between perceived racial or ethnic-based medical discrimination and cancer screening behaviors have serious implications for cancer health disparities. Gender differences in patterns for screening and perceived medical discrimination warrant further investigation. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(8):1937–44)