bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of evidence of transfusion transmission of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease in a US surveillance study
Authors: Dorsey Kerri , Zou Shimian , Schonberger Lawrence B. , Sullivan Marian , Kessler Debra , Notari Edward , Fang Chyang T. , Dodd Roger Y. 
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND: Since 2004, several reported transfusion transmissions of variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (vCJD) in the United Kingdom have reawakened concerns about the possible risk of similar transmissions of nonvariant or classic forms of CJD.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients with a CJD diagnosis and a history of donating blood were reported to the study coordinator. Through review of blood distribution and hospital records, the recipients of blood components from these donors were identified. We then determined each recipient's vital status and, if deceased, the cause(s) of death identified by matching the recipient's personal identifiers with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Death Index database. We conducted such searches after recipients were enrolled in this study and annually thereafter for those who remained alive.RESULTS: The study included a total of 36 blood donors who subsequently developed CJD and 436 recipients. Through 2006, 91 of these recipients were still alive, 329 were deceased, and 16 were lost to follow‐up. After transfusion, these three groups had survived a total of 2096.0 person‐years. A total of 144 recipients survived 5 years or longer after transfusion and 68 of them had received blood donated 60 or fewer months before the onset of CJD in the donor. We identified no recipient with CJD.CONCLUSIONS: The current results of this large, ongoing lookback study show no evidence of transfusion transmission of CJD. They reinforce the conclusion that the risk, if any, of transfusion transmission of prion disease by CJD donors is significantly lower than the comparable risk of such transmission by vCJD donors.
Supplementary feeding with fortified spread among moderately underweight 6–18‐month‐old rural Malawian children
Authors: Phuka John , Thakwalakwa Chrissie , Maleta Kenneth , Cheung Yin Bun , Briend André , Manary Mark , Ashorn Per 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe aimed to analyse growth and recovery from undernutrition among moderately underweight ambulatory children receiving micronutrient‐fortified maize–soy flour (Likuni Phala, LP) or ready‐to‐use fortified spread (FS) supplementary diet. One hundred and seventy‐six 6–18‐month‐old individuals were randomized to receive 500 g LP or 350 g FS weekly for 12 weeks. Baseline and end of intervention measurements were used to calculate anthropometric gains and recovery from underweight, wasting and stunting. Mean weight‐for‐age increased by 0.22 (95% CI 0.07–0.37) and 0.28 (0.18–0.40) Z‐score units in the LP and FS groups respectively. Comparable increase for mean weight‐for‐length was 0.39 (0.20–0.57) and 0.52 (0.38–0.65) Z‐score units. Recovery from underweight and wasting was 20% and 93% in LP group and 16% and 75% in FS group. Few individuals recovered from stunting and mean length‐for‐age was not markedly changed. There were no statistically significant differences between the outcomes in the two intervention groups. In a poor food‐security setting, underweight infants and children receiving supplementary feeding for 12 weeks with ready‐to‐use FS or maize–soy flour porridge show similar recovery from moderate wasting and underweight. Neither intervention, if limited to a 12‐week duration, appears to have significant impact on the process of linear growth or stunting.
PSYCHOTHERAPY AND THE ‘PLAGUE’: SOME CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF A RECURRING THREAT
Authors: Briant Michael 
Published: January 2009

abstract  Violence perpetrated in the name of religious or moral regeneration is neither new nor peculiar to any particular creed or ideology. It is an ancient phenomenon, the history and psychology of which have been extensively studied, especially in Northern and Central Europe.The paper considers a case history of one major manifestation of it in the twentieth century, and related attempts to conceptualize key problems it raises. A link is made with the more recent research of James Gilligan, a leading modern theorist of violence. This wider perspective is needed if we are to understand and combat the re‐emergence of the phenomenon today.
Uncertainty propagation in a London flood simulation
Authors: Golding B.W. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFollowing recent costly flood events in the United Kingdom, there is considerable societal and political pressure to reduce flooding and improve warnings. In response to this, the Flood Risk Management Research Consortium (FRMRC) has been created to investigate the potential of several areas of existing research to be brought into operational use. In this paper, the estimation of flood impact and probability is analysed and illustrated with examples from a simulated forecast of a Thames Estuary flood event carried out at a FRMRC workshop. The forecast modelling chain consisted of meteorology, storm surge, estuary hydrodynamics, defence failure and inundation. The workshop concluded that end‐to‐end propagation of probability was feasible in an integrated real‐time flood forecasting system, and that the basis of such a system had been demonstrated.
Physical Activity and Risk of Recurrence and Mortality in Breast Cancer Survivors: Findings from the LACE Study
Authors: Sternfeld Barbara , Weltzien Erin , Quesenberry Charles P. , Castillo Adrienne L. , Kwan Marilyn , Slattery Martha L. , Caan Bette J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIntroduction: Identifying modifiable factors that reduce the risk of recurrence and improve survival in breast cancer survivors is a pressing concern. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of physical activity following diagnosis and treatment with the risk of breast cancer recurrence and mortality and all-cause mortality in women with early-stage breast cancer.Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 1,970 women from the Life After Cancer Epidemiology study, a prospective investigation of behavioral risk factors and health outcomes. Self-reported frequency and duration of work-related, household and caregiving, recreational, and transportation-related activities during the six months prior to enrollment were assessed. Outcomes were ascertained from electronic or paper medical charts. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated from delayed entry Cox proportional hazards models.Results: Although age-adjusted results suggested that higher levels of physical activity were associated with reduced risk of recurrence and breast cancer mortality (P for trend = 0.05 and 0.07, respectively for highest versus lowest level of hours per week of moderate physical activity), these associations were attenuated after adjustment for prognostic factors and other confounding variables (P for trend = 0.36 and 0.26). In contrast, a statistically significant protective association between physical activity and all-cause mortality remained in multivariable analyses (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-1.03; P for trend = 0.04).Conclusions: These findings do not support a protective effect of physical activity on breast cancer recurrence or mortality but do suggest that regular physical activity is beneficial for breast cancer survivors in terms of total mortality. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(1):87–95)
Urinary Isothiocyanates; Glutathione S-Transferase M1, T1, and P1 Polymorphisms; and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Epplein Meira , Wilkens Lynne R. , Tiirikainen Maarit , Dyba Marcin , Chung Fung-Lung , Goodman Marc T. , Murphy Suzanne P. , Henderson Brian E. , Kolonel Laurence N. , Le Marchand Loïc 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Although an association between diet, especially cruciferous vegetables, and colorectal cancer has been hypothesized, recent studies have been inconsistent with their findings. One possibility for the discrepant results is that the interaction with related genes has not generally been considered. The present study examined the associations among urinary isothiocyanates, glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphisms, and colorectal cancer risk in a case-control study nested within the Multiethnic Cohort Study, based in Hawaii and Los Angeles, California. We measured prediagnositic urinary isothiocyanate levels adjusted for creatinine and analyzed GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms in 173 cases and 313 matched controls, with biospecimens collected between 2001 and 2006. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A detectable amount of urinary isothiocyanates was associated with a 41% decrease in colorectal cancer risk (95% CI, 0.36-0.98). No significant, main-effect associations were seen with a homozygous deletion of the GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphism, or with the AG or GG genotypes for GSTP1 rs1695. There was a weak suggestion that for individuals with the GSTP1 AG or GG genotype, a detectable amount of isothiocyanates further decreases one's risk of colorectal cancer compared with those with the GSTP1 AA genotype, but the interaction term was not statistically significant (P = 0.09). This is only the second study published on the association between urinary isothiocyanates and colorectal cancer risk. The results suggest that further studies, with larger numbers, examining a possible interaction with the GSTP1 polymorphisms are warranted. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(1):314–20)
Urinary Melatonin Levels and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk in the Nurses' Health Study Cohort
Authors: Schernhammer Eva S. , Hankinson Susan E. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Background: Melatonin seems to play a role in breast cancer etiology, but data addressing the association between melatonin levels and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women is sparse.
Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study in the Nurses' Health Study cohort. First spot morning urine was collected from 18,643 cancer-free women from March 2000 through December 2002. The concentration of the major metabolite of melatonin, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), was available for 357 postmenopausal women who developed incident breast cancer through May 31, 2006, along with 533 matched control subjects. We used multivariable conditional logistic regression models to investigate associations. All statistical tests were two sided.
Results: An increased concentration of urinary aMT6s was statistically significantly associated with a lower risk of breast cancer (odds ratio for the highest versus lowest quartile of morning urinary aMT6s, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.95; Ptrend = 0.004). There was no apparent modification of risk by hormone receptor status of breast tumors, age, body mass index, or smoking status.
Conclusion: Results from this prospective study add substantially to the growing literature that supports an inverse association between melatonin levels and breast cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(1):74–9)
Two Estrogen-Related Variants in CYP19A1 and Endometrial Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium
Authors: Setiawan Veronica Wendy , Doherty Jennifer A. , Shu Xiao-ou , Akbari Mohammad R. , Chen Chu , De Vivo Immaculata , DeMichele Angela , Garcia-Closas Montserrat , Goodman Marc T. , Haiman Christopher A. , Hankinson Susan E. , Henderson Brian E. , Horn-Ross Pamela L. , Lacey James V. , Le Marchand Loic , Levine Douglas A. , Liang Xiaolin , Lissowska Jolanta , Lurie Galina , McGrath Monica , Narod Steven A. , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Ursin Giske , Weiss Noel S. , Xiang Yong-Bing , Yang Hannah P. , Zheng Wei , Olson Sara H. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Common variants in CYP19A1 (the A alleles of rs749292 and rs727479) have been associated with a 10% to 20% increase in circulating estrogen levels in postmenopausal women. We hypothesized that the presence of one or both A alleles in these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) is associated with increased endometrial cancer risk. We tested this hypothesis in a large pooled analysis of 4,998 endometrial cancer cases and 8,285 controls from 10 studies in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium. The majority of women (&gt;66%) were whites, with smaller proportions of other races and ethnic groups (blacks, Asians, and Latinas) also included in this pooled analysis. Unconditional logistic regression was used to model the association between SNPs/haplotypes and endometrial cancer risk. Carrying the A allele of either of these SNPs was associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer, with pooled odds ratios per allele of 1.14, 95% confidence interval of 1.09-1.21, and P = 7.1 × 10-7 for rs749292, and odds ratio per allele of 1.08, 95% confidence interval of 1.02-1.14, and P = 0.009 for rs727479. For rs749292, these associations were generally stronger among women age ≥55 years. For both SNPs, risk increased with increasing body mass index, and for rs727479, this pattern seemed stronger among women age ≥55 years (P interaction = 0.007). The combination of A alleles in the two SNPs, either by direct count or by haplotype analysis, did not increase risk above that observed for the individual SNPs. Our study provides evidence that CYP19A1 genetic variation influences susceptibility to endometrial cancer, particularly among older and obese women. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(1):242–7)
Serum Concentrations of Cytokines and Lung Cancer Survival in African Americans and Caucasians
Authors: Enewold Lindsey , Mechanic Leah E. , Bowman Elise D. , Zheng Yun-Ling , Yu Zhipeng , Trivers Glenwood , Alberg Anthony J. , Harris Curtis C. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a role for inflammation in the development and progression of cancer. Our group recently identified a cytokine gene signature in lung tissue associated with lung cancer prognosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that concentrations of circulating cytokines in serum may be associated with lung cancer survival. Ten serum cytokines, namely, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α, were assessed in 353 non–small cell lung cancer cases from a case-control study of lung cancer in the greater Baltimore, Maryland area. Cytokines were measured using an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. IL-6 serum concentrations (≥4.0 pg/mL) were associated with significantly poorer survival in both African Americans [hazard ratio (HR), 2.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26-5.80] and Caucasians (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.22-2.40). IL-10 (HR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.33-5.15) and IL-12 (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.14-3.44) were associated with lung cancer survival only in African Americans. Some evidence for an association of tumor necrosis factor-α levels with survival in Caucasians was observed, although these results were not significant. These hypothesis-generating findings indicate that selected serum cytokine concentrations are associated with lung cancer survival, and indicate that further research is warranted to better understand the mechanistic underpinnings of these associations. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(1):215–22)
Estrogen Receptor-β as a Potential Target for Colon Cancer Prevention: Chemoprevention of Azoxymethane-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis by Raloxifene in F344 Rats
Authors: Janakiram Naveena B. , Steele Vernon E. , Rao Chinthalapally V. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Raloxifene, selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator, is not fully explored in colorectal cancer. In the present study we, (a) investigated the effect of raloxifene on ER-positive colon cancer HCT-116 cell growth, (b) assessed the relevance of ER-β in colon tumorigenesis, and (c) assessed the chemopreventive efficacy of raloxifene against azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis using aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as surrogate end point marker. HCT-116 cells treated with raloxifene showed a significant decrease in cell growth associated with a decrease in ER-β expression levels. AOM-induced colon adenocarcinoma showed significant up-regulation of ER-β expression at both the protein and mRNA levels compared with normal mucosa, suggesting that ER-β is positively associated with colon cancer. An assay using five different dietary dose levels (0.31, 0.62, 1.25, 2.5, or 5 ppm) of raloxifene for 6 weeks in male F344 rats found the maximum tolerated dose to be 5 ppm. To evaluate inhibitory properties of raloxifene on colonic ACF, 7-week-old rats were fed experimental diets containing 0, 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 ppm of raloxifene. After 1 week, rats received s.c. injections of AOM, 15 mg/kg body weight, once weekly for 2 weeks. Rats continued to receive respective experimental diets and sacrificed 8 weeks after the last AOM treatment. Raloxifene given in the diet significantly inhibited AOM-induced total colonic ACF (31-40%; P &lt; 0.001-0.0005) and multicrypt (four or more) aberrant foci (23-50%; P &lt; 0.05-0.005) in F344 rats. Our findings suggest that ER-β acts as a colon tumor promoter and raloxifene as an antagonist to ER-β, providing protection against colon carcinogenesis.
Anthocyanins in Black Raspberries Prevent Esophageal Tumors in Rats
Authors: Wang Li-Shu , Hecht Stephen S. , Carmella Steven G. , Yu Nanxiong , Larue Bethany , Henry Cassandra , McIntyre Colleen , Rocha Claudio , Lechner John F. , Stoner Gary D. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Diets containing freeze-dried black raspberries (BRB) suppress the development of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)–induced tumors in the rat esophagus. Using bioassay-directed fractionation, the anthocyanins in BRB were found to be the most active constituents for down-regulation of carcinogen-induced nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1 expression in mouse epidermal cells in vitro. The present study was undertaken, therefore, to determine if the anthocyanins contribute to the chemopreventive activity of BRB in vivo. F344 rats consumed diets containing either (a) 5% whole BRB powder, (b) an anthocyanin-rich fraction, (c) an organic solvent-soluble extract (a–c each contained ∼3.8 μmol anthocyanins/g diet), (d) an organic-insoluble (residue) fraction (containing 0.02 μmol anthocyanins/g diet), (e) a hexane extract, and (f) a sugar fraction (e and f had only trace quantities of anthocyanins), all derived from BRB. Animals were fed diets 2 weeks before treatment with NMBA and throughout the bioassay. Control rats were treated with NMBA only. Animals were killed at week 30, and esophageal tumors were enumerated. The anthocyanin treatments (diet groups a–c) were about equally effective in reducing NMBA tumorigenesis in the esophagus, indicating that the anthocyanins in BRB have chemopreventive potential. The organic-insoluble (residue) fraction (d) was also effective, suggesting that components other than berry anthocyanins may be chemopreventive. The hexane and sugar diets were inactive. Diet groups a, b, and d all inhibited cell proliferation, inflammation, and angiogenesis and induced apoptosis in both preneoplastic and papillomatous esophageal tissues, suggesting similar mechanisms of action by the different berry components.
A Facile Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Films by Electrophoretic Deposition of Hydrophobic Particles
Authors: Ogihara Hitoshi , Okagaki Jun , Saji Tetsuo 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
We demonstrated a fabrication of superhydrophobic colored films by the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of hydrophobic pigment particles on substrates. The superhydrophobic films showed various colors such as black, white, blue, and green.
Heat Transfer During Quenching and Assessment of Quench Severity—A Review
Authors: Prabhu K. Narayan , Fernandes Peter 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
In the heat treatment of steel, quenching is done to prevent ferrite or pearlite formation and allows formation of bainite and martensite. For a particular grade of steel, the effectiveness of quenching depends on the cooling characteristics of the quenching medium. The cooling rate is not a constant throughout the quenching process; instead it varies depending upon the various stages that occur during the quenching process. Knowledge of heat transfer during various stages of quenching and kinetics of wetting of the quench medium is fundamental to the understanding of the relationship between material, quench medium, microstructure, and properties. In this paper the characteristics of various quench media, the effect of process parameters on quenching, mechanisms of thermal transport, methods of assessing severity of quenching, and techniques of estimation of heat transfer coefficients are reviewed. An attempt is also made to highlight the importance of wetting kinetics of liquid media on quenching.
Hydrobiological studies within the tea gardens at Srimangal, Bangladesh. V. Desmids (<i>Euastrum</i>, <i>micrasterias</i>, <i>actinotaenium</i> and <i>cosmarium</i>)
Authors: Islam AKM Nurul , Irfanullah Haseeb Md 
Published: January 2009

Ninety-three desmid taxa belonging to four genera, namely Euastrum, Micrasterias, Actinotaenium and Cosmarium have been recorded from different aquatic habitats located within the tea gardens at Srimangal, Maulvi Bazar. Of these, 20 are described as new records for Bangladesh, including a new variety, E. substellatum Nordst. var. bangladeshicum Islam & Irfanullah var. nov. and a new forma, Cosmarium depressum (Näg.) Lund. var. apertum (Turner) Hirano fa. spinosum Islam and Irfanullah fa. nov. Key words: acidic habitats, species diversity, phytoplankton, desmids, new taxa, new records DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v13i1.589 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(1): 1-20, 2006 (June)
Desmids from some selected areas of Bangladesh: 3. Genus <i>Staurastrum</i> Meyen (2)
Authors: Islam AKM Nurul , Akter Nasima 
Published: January 2009

The paper deals with 13 taxa belonging to Desmid genus Staurastrum Meyen from some selected areas of Bangladesh. Of these, eight taxa are new records for Bangladesh and two taxa are new to science. Key words: Desmids, Staurastrum, Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v13i1.592 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(1): 41-47, 2006 (June)
Evaluation of RAPD markers for taxonomic relationships in some aquatic species of <i>Utricularia</i> L. (Lentibulariaceae)
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Oliur 
Published: January 2009

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess relationship across nine aquatic species of Utricularia. The highest numbers of RAPD bands were detected in Utricularia bremii and U. intermedia. The highest genetic similarity was observed between U. australis and U. dimorphantha; between U. australis and U. vulgaris; and between U. dimorphantha and U. macrorhiza indicating that these species are closely related. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis based on the RAPD profile in aquatic Utricularia resolved the taxa into three clusters: the first cluster included U. aurea, U. australis, U. dimorphantha, U. macrorhiza and U. vulgaris; the second cluster constituted from U. bremii and U. gibba while U. intermedia formed the third cluster with U. minor. The Neighbour Joining (NJ) tree showed that aquatic species could be placed in two main groups and the results obtained from the NJ analysis were coherent with that of the UPGMA clustering method. The molecular findings revealed from this study support the systematic relationships in Utricularia inferred from morphological investigations. Key words: Aquatic Utricularia, Genetic affinity, Neighbour Joining, RAPD, Systematic relationships, UPGMA DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v13i2.580 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 73-82, 2006 (December)
An enumeration of collections of <i>Bauhinia</i> subgen. Phanera (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) from Bangladesh in Central National Herbarium (CAL), India
Authors: Bandyopadhyay S 
Published: January 2009

Not available. Key words: Bauhinia subgen. Phanera, Collections, CAL, Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v14i1.526 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 14(1): 75-77, 2007 (June)