bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure buildup during CO2 injection in brine aquifers using the Forchheimer equation
Authors: Mathias Simon , Hardisty Paul , Trudell Mark , Zimmerman Robert 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIf geo-sequestration of CO2 is to be employed as a key emissions reduction method in the global effort to mitigate climate change, simple yet robust screening of the risks of disposal in brine aquifers will be needed. There has been significant development of simple analytical and semi-analytical techniques to support screening analysis and performance assessment for potential carbon sequestration sites. These techniques have generally been used to estimate the size of CO2 plumes for the purpose of leakage rate estimation. A common assumption has been that both the fluids and the geological formation are incompressible. Consequently, calculation of pressure distribution requires the specification of an arbitrary radius of influence. In this talk, a new similarity solution is derived using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. By allowing for slight compressibility in the fluids and formation, the solution improves on previous work by not requiring the specification of an arbitrary radius of influence. A large-time approximation of the solution is then extended to account for non-Darcy inertial effects using the Forchheimer equation. Both solutions are verified by comparison with finite difference solutions. The results show that inertial losses will often be comparable, and sometimes greater than, the viscous Darcy-like losses associated with the brine displacement, although this is strongly dependent on formation porosity and permeability.
The powdery mildew fungus Podosphaera fusca (synonym Podosphaera xanthii), a constant threat to cucurbits
Authors: PÉREZ‐GARCÍA ALEJANDRO , ROMERO DIEGO , FERNÁNDEZ‐ORTUÑO DOLORES , LÓPEZ‐RUIZ FRANCISCO , DE VICENTE ANTONIO , TORÉS JUAN A. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYNumerous vegetable crops are susceptible to powdery mildew, but cucurbits are arguably the group most severely affected. Podosphaera fusca (synonym Podosphaera xanthii) is the main causal agent of cucurbit powdery mildew and one of the most important limiting factors for cucurbit production worldwide. Although great efforts have been invested in disease control, by contrast, many basic aspects of the biology of P. fusca remain unknown.Taxonomy: Podosphaera fusca (Fr.) Braun & Shishkoff. Kingdom Fungi; Phylum Ascomycota; Subdivision Pezizomycotina; Class Leotiomycetes; Order Erysiphales; Family Erysiphaceae; genus Podosphaera; species fusca.Identification: Superficial persistent mycelium. Conidia in chains, hyaline, ellipsoid to ovoid or doliform, about 24–40 × 15–22 µm, with cylindrical or cone‐shaped fibrosin bodies, which often germinate from a lateral face and produce a broad, clavate germ tube and cylindrical foot‐cells. Unbranched erect conidiophores. Cleistothecia globose, mostly 70–100 µm in diameter, dark brown/black. One ascus per cleistothecium with eight ascospores.Host range: Angiosperm species that include several families, such as Asteracea, Cucurbitaceae, Lamiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae and Verbenaceae.Disease symptoms: White colonies develop on leaf surfaces, petioles and stems. Under favourable environmental conditions, the colonies coalesce and the host tissue becomes chlorotic and usually senesces early.Control: Chemical control and the use of resistant cultivars. Resistance has been documented in populations of P. fusca to some of the chemicals registered for control.
Colonic left‐side increase of eosinophils: a clue to drug‐related colitis in adults
Authors: CASELLA G. , VILLANACCI V. , FISOGNI S. , CAMBARERI A. R. , DI BELLA C. , CORAZZI N. , GORLA S. , BALDINI V. , BASSOTTI G. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryBackground  The colon shows frequent eosinophilic infiltration in allergic proctocolitis of infants, whereas in adults, eosinophilic infiltration of the colon is less defined and may be found in different conditions including drug‐induced colitis, even though the pathological findings are often inconsistent.Aim  To quantify eosinophils in the mucosa of normal controls and to compare them with those of patients with abdominal symptoms related to ‘drug colitis’.Methods  Mucosal biopsies were obtained during colonoscopy in 15 controls and in 27 patients with abdominal symptoms, a history of probable ‘drug‐related colitis’ and without obvious causes of eosinophilia.Results  The drugs related to the patient symptoms were nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (70%), antiplatelet agents (19%) and oestroprogestinic agents (11%). Colonoscopy was normal in 30% of patients and abnormal in 70%. Histology showed low content of inflammatory cells and normal crypt architecture in‐patients with endoscopy similar to inflammatory bowel diseases. The eosinophil score was significantly higher in the left side of the colon in the patient group compared with controls.Conclusions  The finding of an increased eosinophil count limited to the left (descending and sigmoid) colon is an important clue towards a diagnosis of drug‐related colitis
Gold- and silver-induced murine autoimmunity – requirement for cytokines and CD28 in murine heavy metal-induced autoimmunity
Authors: Havarinasab S , Pollard K M , Hultman P 
Published: December 2008

SummaryTreatment with gold in the form of aurothiomaleate, silver or mercury (Hg) in genetically susceptible mouse strains (H-2s) induces a systemic autoimmune condition characterized by anti-nuclear antibodies targeting the 34-kDa nucleolar protein fibrillarin, as well as lymphoproliferation and systemic immune-complex (IC) deposits. In this study we have examined the effect of single-gene deletions for interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6 or CD28 in B10.S (H-2s) mice on heavy metal-induced autoimmunity. Targeting of the genes for IFN-γ, IL-6 or CD28 abrogated the development of both anti-fibrillarin antibodies (AFA) and IC deposits using a modest dose of Hg (130 µg Hg/kg body weight/day). Deletion of IL-4 severely reduced the IgG1 AFA induced by all three metals, left the total IgG AFA response intact, but abrogated the Hg-induced systemic IC deposits. In conclusion, intact IFN-γ and CD28 genes are necessary for induction of AFA with all three metals and systemic IC deposits using Hg, while lack of IL-4 distinctly skews the metal-induced AFA response towards T helper type 1. In a previous study using a higher dose of Hg (415 µg Hg/kg body weight/day), IC deposits were preserved in IL-4−/− and IL-6−/− mice, and also AFA in the latter mice. Therefore, the attenuated autoimmunity following loss of IL-4 and IL-6 is dose-dependent, as higher doses of Hg are able to override the attenuation observed using lower doses.
Mast cells as regulators of adaptive immunity to tumours
Authors: Wasiuk A , De Vries V C , Hartmann K , Roers A , Noelle R J 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThe observation that mast cells accumulate at the periphery of growing tumours is now well documented, and the loss of mast cells correlates with reduced tumour growth. The role of mast cells as innate regulators of both inflammatory and immunosuppressive responses slowly becomes clear as novel tools become available. This review will address the role of mast cells in tumours and how they can interact with the local immune environment to mediate immune suppression contributing to tumour escape.
Giant cell formation in sarcoidosis: cell fusion or proliferation with non-division?
Authors: Van Maarsseveen T C M Th , Vos W , Van Diest P J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Granulomas are inflammatory reactions featuring macrophages, epithelioid, T and multi-nucleated giant cells (MGC). Giant cells are present in a number of granulomatous reactions, but little is known about their formation and function, especially in man. We studied MGC in the granulomatous disorder sarcoidosis. In situ labelling of lymph nodes by means of [3H]-thymidine showed that proliferation and non-division of epithelioid cells leading towards giant cells was not observed in these granulomas. However, [3H]-uridine incorporation showed MGC with labelled as well as unlabelled nuclei in the same cell, pointing to a process of fusion of epithelioid cells to form giant cells. Apoptotic bodies were incidentally found in granulomas. A novel finding was that such bodies were statistically more often found in the close vicinity of MGC, but not within these cells. These apoptotic cells appeared to be CD4+ lymphocytes or histiocytes. CD44 and CCR-5 involved in the process of fusion were expressed in MGC. In conclusion, MGC in sarcoidosis derive by cell fusion rather than by proliferation and non-division, and seem to play an active role in the induction of apoptosis in granulomas.
Effect of leptin on motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa
Authors: Li H. W. R. , Chiu P. C. N. , Cheung M. P. L. , Yeung W. S. B. , O W. S. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryLeptin is a polypeptide hormone with important roles in reproduction. It has been detected in human seminal plasma as well as on human ejaculated spermatozoa. This study aimed at studying the possible role of leptin in regulating human sperm functions. Immunofluorescent staining was used to study the expression of leptin and its receptor. The correlation between the concentration of leptin and soluble leptin receptor (ObRs) in seminal plasma as measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay and sperm motility parameters measured by computer‐assisted sperm analyais (CASA) was determined. The effects of recombinant leptin on human sperm motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction as measured by chlortetracycline staing were also studied. Leptin immunoreactivity was demonstrated at the equatorial and neck regions of human spermatozoa, whereas that of ObRs was shown up on the tail. After Percoll separation, spermatozoa with high density had more intense leptin immunoreactivity compared with those with low density. No significant correlation was found between seminal plasma concentration of leptin/ObRs and sperm motility parameters. After incubation with recombinant human leptin for either 3 h or overnight, there was no change in all the CASA motility parameters determined and percentages of capacitated and acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa. We concluded that leptin does not have a significant effect on motility and capacitation/acrosome reaction in human ejaculated mature spermatozoa. Its role in male reproduction is yet to be determined.
Clinical and metabolic evaluation of subjects with erectile dysfunction: a review with a proposal flowchart
Authors: Foresta C. , Caretta N. , Corona G. , Fabbri A. , Francavilla S. , Jannini E. , Maggi M. , Bettocchi C. , Lenzi A. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryErectile function is a haemodynamic phenomenon depending on the integrity of neurological, vascular, endocrinological, tissue (corpora cavernosa), psychological and relational factors; changes in any one of these components may lead to erectile dysfunction (ED). ED and its comorbid conditions share common risk factors such as endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and metabolic and hormonal abnormalities. Furthermore, although cross‐sectional studies have shown a clear age‐dependent association between ED, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases, longitudinal evidence has recently emphasized that ED could be an early marker of these conditions. Recently, the European Association of Urology and American Urology Association provided consensus guidelines for the management of ED patients. However, the metabolic aspect of ED is rather neglected or not sufficiently treated. In this study, more emphasis will be placed on the presence of ED comorbid metabolic factors. The primary and secondary goals of therapy, according to current guidelines and to prevent their clinical evolution, will also be provided. We review the concepts of metabolic diseases related to ED and their treatment. Criteria for the diagnosis and treatment of hypogonadism, metabolic and vascular disease related to ED were analysed. ED can mark the starting point for the evaluation and prevention of significant severe diseases (such as diabetes, MetS, dyslipidaemia, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, ischaemic cardiopathy, neuropathy, etc.) hitherto unknown by the patients. Most widely used criteria for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases were reported. We suggest a clinical approach which allows the identification of metabolic and others systemic pathologies contributing to the development of ED. This approach may constitute an improvement in disease prognosis and either induce a spontaneous reduction of ED or facilitate its specific therapy.
Development of the NBT assay as a marker of sperm oxidative stress
Authors: Tunc Ozlem , Thompson Jeremy , Tremellen Kelton 
Published: December 2008

SummaryOxidative stress is a well‐established cause of male infertility, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing infertility principally by impairing sperm motility and DNA integrity. Currently, most clinics do not test their infertile patients for the presence of oxidative stress because the available tests are expensive or difficult to perform. As antioxidant therapy may improve sperm DNA integrity and pregnancy outcomes, it has become apparent that there is an unmet clinical need for an inexpensive and easy‐to‐perform assay to identify sperm oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to develop a standardized protocol for performing a photometric nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) assay for the measurement of seminal ROS production via production of coloured formazan, whilst correlating these results with impaired sperm function (motility and DNA integrity). Semen samples from 21 fertile and 36 male aetiology infertile men were assessed for ROS production (NBT assay), sperm DNA integrity (TUNEL), apoptosis (Annexin V) and sperm motility. Infertile men’s semen contained on average fourfold higher levels of ROS than fertile men. The production of ROS by sperm was positively correlated with sperm DNA fragmentation and apoptosis, whilst being negatively correlated with sperm motility. Receiver‐operating characteristic plot analysis established a cut‐off point of 24 μg formazan/107 sperm having a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 81% for determining the fertility status of an individual. This study has been successful in establishing a standardized protocol for performing a photometric seminal NBT assay that has significant clinical utility in identifying men with impaired fertility because of oxidative stress.
A Study on HL—A System in Japanese
Authors: SAITOI S. , NAITO S. , TOYODA K. , KONOMI K. , YAMAMOTO H. , NISHIMURA M. , ARAKAWA K. , NOMOTO K. 
Published: December 2008

Two hundred unrelated Japanese individuals were HL—A typed with UCLA Research Tray T3 (Terasaki's Tray), which contains specificities added after the Fifth International Workshop.Phenotype, gene and haplotype frequencies were calculated with standard errors and delta values. HL—A9, HL—A5 and W10 had a higher frequency and HL—A1, 3 and 8 had a lower frequency in Japanese than in Caucasians. The frequent haplotypes were HL‐A9‐ HL—A5, HL—A9‐HL—A7 and HL—A2‐W10. HL—A9‐HL—A5 showed very positive high linkage disequilibrium parameter (delta value) and HL‐A9‐W10 showed negative high value. The sera designated as anti‐HL‐A, W5 and W15 in the T3 Tray which react identically in Caucasians showed different patterns of reaction when tested in the Japanese population.Five hundred Japanese parous women's sera were tested for cytotoxic antibodies. Some Japanese antisera showed high correlation coefficient values on HL—A2, HL—A9, HL‐A10, HL‐All and HL‐A12. The women providing the anti‐HL‐5 complex sera and their immunizing persons were HL‐A typed. These complex sera reactions were compared with the antisera in the T3 Tray. A new group of sera (SN‐1), “operationally monospecific” and cross‐reacting with W22, was found in the present study. Population and family studies suggested that the sera SN‐1 are third in frequency within the second series (phenotypic frequency 17–22%) and show high delta values with HL‐All in the Japanese population.
Third HL—A Segregant Series: Genetic Analysis and Molecular Independence on Lymphocyte Surface
Authors: PIERRESI M. , FRADELIZI D. , NEAUPORT‐SAUTES C. , DAUSSET J. 
Published: December 2008

Five sera which detect two alleles of the third HL—A locus (T2 and T4) are described. Statistical analysis of a panel of 220 donors gave gene frequencies in a French Parsian population which are comparable to the results of Scandinavian author. Segregationabserved in 50 families emphssized thnkage disequilibirum with SD2 alleles. T1 was found to be associated woth the one part of W22 (Da30) and T3 with the other part (non‐Da30). No recombination was observed between SD2 and SD3, and the distace between these two loci can be estimated at less than distance between these two loci can be estimated at ess than 0.0042 U.Differential capping experiments showed that redistribution of SD3 antigens did not affect the SD2 or SD1 products, indicating that they are borne on the cell surface by independent structure. Moreover, capping of SD1, SD2 and SD3 antigens did not provoke complete redistribution of beta‐2‐microglobulin which suggests that not all β2M molecules are linked to HL—A antigens.
Direct Cell Mediated Lympholysis. A Test of Allograft‐Rejection in Human Kidney Recipients
Authors: GRUNNET N. , KRISTENSEN T. , KORNERUP H. J. , KlSSMEYER‐NlELSEN F. 
Published: December 2008

In kidney transplanted patients a clear coincidence was observed between clinical signs of allograft rejection and the presence in the peripheral blood of killer cells able to lyse either PHA lymphoblasts from the actual donor or selected unrelated individuals. In recipients with non‐immunological complications such as leakage on the graft ureter or primary anuria caused by renal ischaemia, no cellular cytotoxicity against specific or selected target cells was observed.The specificity of this Cell Mediated Lympholysis in two of the cases reported could not be explained by the serologically detectable HL‐A antigens, indicating the existence of other determinants of importance for the killing capability ofin vivoproduced effector cells.
Mixed Lymphocyte Culture Search for HLA‐D Homozygous Typing Cells in the Hungarian Inbred Population of Ivád
Authors: Ónody Clara , Kristensen Tom , Nemeskéry J. , Gyódy Eva , Bátory Gabriella , Bojárszky Katherine 
Published: December 2008

Six functionally HLA‐D homozygous typing cells were identified by a restricted investigation into the Hungarian inbred population of Ivad. These putative HLA‐D homozygous typing cells were then tested against a highly selected Scandinavian population sample of 60 individuals previously typed by histocompatibility reference reagents. Three different HLA‐D specificities could thus be identified: one closely matching HLA‐Dw5, another resembling the Oslo LDoH specificity, while the last seems to be unique.Only one of the typing cells thus ascertained were HLA‐B homozygous and were selected on the basis of the Ivád family structure and not on the basis of serological HLA typing.
HLA Polymorphism in Israel: 3. Ashkenazi Jews of German Descent
Authors: Bonné‐Tamir B. , Bodmer J. G. , Modai J. 
Published: December 2008

Seventy‐three random Jewish individuals whose families have lived in Germany for at least 4–5 generations, were typed for HLA antigens at the A and B loci.In comparison with other European populations, the frequencies of B7 and B12 are low whereas Bw35 is almost twice as frequent (21%). Among the uncommon associations found in the German Jews were: (A2, Bw21), (Aw25, B18), (A29, B14), (A28, Bw15). The frequent haplotype (Aw24, Bw35) was previously found, but only in Asia and in American Indians.Subdivisions of the subjects according to geographic regions within Germany point to differences in gene frequency between the groups.
HLA Polymorphism in Israel
Authors: Bonné‐Tamir B. , Bodmer J. G. , Modai J. 
Published: December 2008

Phenotype and gene frequencies of antigens at the A and B HLA loci were determined in a sample of 89 random Libyan Jews now settled in Israel. Most antigens at the A locus are within the range found in European populations while, at the B locus, the frequencies differ from Caucasoid populations: B7 is usually rare (1%), Bw35 is frequent (14%) and Bw40 very common with more than 10%.Thirteen percent of Libyan women whose sera were screened for the presence of HLA antibodies gave positive results. Some of them are elderly women, about 15 years or more beyond their last birth.
HLA Polymorphism in Israel 8. The Armenian Community in Jerusalem
Authors: Bonné‐Tamir B. , Bodmer J. G. , Young D. , Ashbel S. 
Published: December 2008

Gene and phenotype frequencies for the three HLA loci were determined for 90 random Armenians from the Old City of Jerusalem, Relatively high frequencies were found for HLA—A2, A3 and Aw24, while the lowest frequencies were those for Aw23 and Aw25. The major distinguishing antigen, when compared with European Caucasoids is Bw35 with a frequency of 22%.Two unusual associations between the B and C loci were observed: Bw17, Cw3 and B7, Cw3. Another interesting association in Armenians, Aw32 Cw4, has previously been found only among Cochini Jews and Malay populations.
HLA Polymorphism in Israel: 9. An Overall Comparative Analysis
Authors: Bonné‐Tamir B. , Bodmer J. G. , Bodmer W. F. , Pickbourne P. , Brautbar C. , Gazit E. , Nevo S. , Zamir R. 
Published: December 2008

HLA gene frequencies in 11 Israeli populations and nine other relevant populations were used to calculate genetic distances in a quantitative assessment of their similarities and differences.The shortest distance found is between Polish and Rumanian Jews, while the largest is between Russian Jews and Black Africans. Estimates of “average” distances within major population groups suggest that the Ashkenazi Jews (Poles, Russians, Rumanians and Germans) are a more homogeneous population than East European non‐Jews or than Middle‐Eastern populations (Arabs, Armenians, Lebanese and Turks).A cline of distances between Ashkenazi Jews and other Jewish communities parallels their geographic distribution; however, the relatively large distance between the two North African communities (Libyans and Moroccans) demonstrates that geographic proximity is not necessarily correlated with genetic similarity.The Jewish populations, especially the Ashkenazi, show a clear divergence from their neighboring non‐Jewish populations, among whom they have lived for many centuries.There are indications in theHLAdata of a common origin for the diverse Jewish populations.