bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tangential velocity constraint for orbital maneuvers with Theory of Functional Connections
Authors: de Almeida A. K. , Vaillant T. , de Oliveira V. M. , Barbosa D. , Maia D. , Aljbaae S. , Coelho B. , Bergano M. , Pandeirada J. , Prado A. F. B. A. , Guerman A. , Correia A. C. M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractManeuvering a spacecraft in the cislunar space is a complex problem, since it is highly perturbed by the gravitational influence of both the Earth and the Moon, and possibly also the Sun. Trajectories minimizing the needed fuel are generally preferred in order to decrease the mass of the payload. A classical method to constrain maneuvers is mathematically modeling them using the Two Point Boundary Value Problem (TPBVP), defining spacecraft positions at the start and end of the trajectory. Solutions to this problem can then be obtained with optimization techniques like the nonlinear least squares conjugated with the Theory of Functional Connections (TFC) to embed the constraints, which recently became an effective method for deducing orbit transfers. In this paper, we propose a tangential velocity (TV) type of constraints to design orbital maneuvers. We show that the technique presented in this paper can be used to transfer a spacecraft (e.g. from the Earth to the Moon) and perform gravity assist maneuvers (e.g. a swing-by with the Moon). In comparison with the TPBVP, solving the TV constraints via TFC offers several advantages, leading to a significant reduction in computational time. Hence, it proves to be an efficient technique to design these maneuvers.
Core-insulator embedded nanosheet field-effect transistor for suppressing device-to-device variations
Authors: Son Donghwi , Lee Hyunwoo , Kim Hyunsoo , Ahn Jae-Hyuk , Kim Sungho 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNanosheet field-effect transistors (NSFETs) have attracted considerable attention for their potential to achieve improved performance and energy efficiency compared to traditional FinFETs. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of core-insulator-embedded nanosheet field-effect transistors (C-NSFETs), focusing on their improved performance and device-to-device (D2D) variability compared to conventional NSFETs through three-dimensional device simulations. The C-NSFETs exhibit enhanced direct-current (DC) performance, characterized by a steeper subthreshold slope and reduced off-current, indicating better gate electrostatic controllability. Furthermore, the structural design of C-NSFETs enables to demonstrate a notable resilience against D2D variations in nanosheet thickness and doping concentration. In addition, we investigate the effects of interface traps in C-NSFETs, emphasizing the importance of thermal oxidation processes in the formation of core-insulating layers to maintain optimal device performance.
Blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio: a novel mortality indicator in intensive care unit patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Zhang Lingzhi , Xing Muqi , Yu Qi , Li Zihan , Tong Yilin , Li Wenyuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe blood urea nitrogen to albumin ratio (BAR) has been demonstrated as a prognostic factor in sepsis and respiratory diseases, yet its role in severe coronary heart disease (CHD) remains unexplored. This retrospective study, utilizing data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV database, included 4254 CHD patients, predominantly male (63.54%), with a median age of 74 years (IQR 64–83). Primary outcomes included in-hospital, 28-day and 1-year all-cause mortality after ICU admission. The Kaplan–Meier curves, Cox regression analysis, multivariable restricted cubic spline regression were employed to assess association between BAR index and mortality. In-hospital, within 28-day and 1-year mortality rates were 16.93%, 20.76% and 38.11%, respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed associations between the increased BAR index and higher in-hospital mortality (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02–1.21), 28-day mortality (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08–1.27) and 1-year mortality (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.16–1.31). Non-linear relationships were observed for 28-day and 1-year mortality with increasing BAR index (both P for non-linearity < 0.05). Elevated BAR index was a predictor for mortality in ICU patients with CHD, offering potential value for early high-risk patient identification and proactive management by clinicians.
A computational model of epidemic process with three variants on a synthesized human interaction network
Authors: Seprianus  , Nuraini Nuning , Saputro Suhadi Wido 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVirus mutations give rise to new variants that cause multiple waves of pandemics and escalate the infected number of individuals. In this paper, we develop both a simple random network that we define as a synthesized human interaction network and an epidemiological model based on the microscopic process of disease spreading to describe the epidemic process with three variants in a population with some features of social structure. The features of social structure we take into account in the model are the average number of degrees and the frequency of contacts. This paper shows many computational results from several scenarios both in varying network structures and epidemiological parameters that cannot be obtained numerically by using the compartmental model.
A prospective phase II clinical trial of total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shi Jin-Ming , Li Ning , Jiang Li-Ming , Yang Lin , Wang Shu-Lian , Song Yong-Wen , Liu Yue-Ping , Fang Hui , Lu Ning-Ning , Qi Shu-Nan , Chen Bo , Li Ye-Xiong , Zhao Dong-Bing , Tang Yuan , Jin Jing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo investigate the safety and efficacy of the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) followed by neoadjuvant consolidation chemotherapy (NCCT) and surgery for locally advanced gastric cancer (GC) or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. Patients diagnosed as locally advanced GC or Siewert II/III GEJ adenocarcinoma with clinical stage T3-4 and/or N positive were prospectively enrolled. Patients underwent NCRT (45 Gy/25 fractions) with concurrent S-1, followed by NCCT (4 to 6 cycles of the SOX regimen) 2 to 4 weeks after NCRT. Gastric cancer radical resection with D2 lymph node dissection was performed 4 to 6 weeks after the total neoadjuvant therapy. The study was conducted from November 2019 to January 2023, enrolling a total of 46 patients. During the NCRT, all patients completed the treatment without dose reduction or delay. During the NCCT, 32 patients (69.6%) completed at least 4 cycles of chemotherapy. Grade 3 or higher adverse events in NCRT (5 cases) were non-hematological. During the course of NCCT, a notable occurrence of hematological toxicities was observed, with grade 3 or higher leukopenia (9.7%) and thrombocytopenia (12.2%) being experienced. A total of 28 patients (60.9%) underwent surgery, achieving R0 resection in all cases. A significant proportion of cases (71.4%) exhibited pathological downstaging to ypT0-2, while 10 patients (35.7%) demonstrated a pathologic complete response (pCR). The total neoadjuvant therapy comprising NCRT followed by NCCT and surgery demonstrates a low severe adverse reactions and promising efficacy, which could be considered as a viable treatment for locally advanced GC or GEJ adenocarcinoma.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov (registration number: NCT04062058); the full date of first trial registration was 20/08/2019.
The longitudinal volumetric and shape changes of subcortical nuclei in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yang Wenyi , Bai Xueqin , Guan Xiaojun , Zhou Cheng , Guo Tao , Wu Jingjing , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Minming , Zhang Baorong , Pu Jiali , Tian Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBrain structural changes in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are progressive throughout the disease course. Changes in surface morphology with disease progression remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the volumetric and shape changes of the subcortical nuclei during disease progression and explore their association with clinical symptoms. Thirty-four patients and 32 healthy controls were enrolled. The global volume and shape of the subcortical nuclei were compared between patients and controls at baseline. The volume and shape changes of the subcortical nuclei were also explored between baseline and 2 years of follow-up. Association analysis was performed between the volume of subcortical structures and clinical symptoms. In patients with PD, there were significantly atrophied areas in the left pallidum and left putamen, while in healthy controls, the right putamen was dilated compared to baseline. The local morphology of the left pallidum was correlated with Mini Mental State Examination scores. The left putamen shape variation was negatively correlated with changes in Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale PART III scores. Local morphological atrophy of the putamen and pallidum is an important pathophysiological change in the development of PD, and is associated with motor symptoms and cognitive status in patients with PD.
Recovery of cardiac electrophysiological alterations by heart rate complexity based on multiscale entropy following liver transplantation
Authors: Shih Po-Yuan , Cheng Ya-Jung , Ho Shih-I , Huang Hui-Hsun , Yeh Jia-Rong , Sun Wei-Zen , Chan Kuang-Cheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAutonomic nervous dysfunction is a known cardiac sequalae in patients with end-stage liver disease and is associated with a poor prognosis. Heart rate analysis using nonlinear models such as multiscale entropy (MSE) or complexity may identify marked changes in these patients where conventional heart rate variability (HRV) measurements do not. To investigate the application of heart rate complexity (HRC) based on MSE in liver transplantation settings. Thirty adult recipients of elective living donor liver transplantation were enrolled. HRV parameters using conventional HRV analysis and HRC analysis were obtained at the following time points: (1) 1 day before surgery, (2) postoperative day (POD) 7, (3) POD 14, (4) POD 90, and (5) POD 180. Preoperatively, patients with MELD score ≥ 25 had significantly lower HRC compared to patients with lower MELD scores. This difference in HRC disappeared by POD 7 following liver transplantation and subsequent analyses at POD 90 and 180 continued to show no significant difference. Our results indicated a significant negative correlation between HRC based on MSE analysis and liver disease severity preoperatively, which may be more sensitive than conventional linear HRV analysis. HRC in patients with MELD score ≧ 25 improved over time and became comparable to those with MELD < 25 as early as in 7 days.
A comprehensive review direct methods to overcome the limitations of gas injection during the EOR process
Authors: Shafiei Masoud , Kazemzadeh Yousef , Escrochi Mehdi , Cortés Farid B. , Franco Camilo A. , Riazi Masoud 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAmong the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods, gas-based EOR methods are very popular all over the world. The gas injection has a high ability to increase microscopic sweep efficiency and can increase production efficiency well. However, it should be noted that in addition to all the advantages of these methods, they have disadvantages such as damage due to asphaltene deposition, unfavorable mobility ratio, and reduced efficiency of macroscopic displacement. In this paper, the gas injection process and its challenges were investigated. Then the overcoming methods of these challenges were investigated. To inhibit asphaltene deposition during gas injection, the use of nanoparticles was proposed, which were examined in two categories: liquid-soluble and gas-soluble, and the limitations of each were examined. Various methods were used to overcome the problem of unfavorable mobility ratio and their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. Gas-phase modification has the potential to reduce the challenges and limitations of direct gas injection and significantly increase recovery efficiency. In the first part, the introduction of gas injection and the enhanced oil recovery mechanisms during gas injection were mentioned. In the next part, the challenges of gas injection, which included unfavorable mobility ratio and asphaltene deposition, were investigated. In the third step, gas-phase mobility control methods investigate, emphasizing thickeners, thickening mechanisms, and field applications of mobility control methods. In the last part, to investigate the effect of nanoparticles on asphaltene deposition and reducing the minimum miscible pressure in two main subsets: 1- use of nanoparticles indirectly to prevent asphaltene deposition and reduce surface tension and 2- use of nanoparticles as a direct asphaltene inhibitor and Reduce MMP of the gas phase in crude oil was investigated.
Use of nonlinear pulsed magnetic fields for spatial encoding in magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Tušar Kaja , Serša Igor 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examines the use of nonlinear magnetic field coils for spatial encoding in magnetic resonance imaging. Existing theories on imaging with such coils share a complex reconstruction process that originates from a suboptimal signal interpretation in the spatial-frequency domain (k-space). In this study, a new solution to this problem is proposed, namely a two-step reconstruction process, in which in the first step, the image signal is converted into a frequency spectrum, and in the second step, the spectrum, which represents the distorted image, is geometrically and intensity corrected to obtain an undistorted image. This theory has been verified by numerical simulations and experimentally using a straight wire as a coil model for an extremely nonlinear magnetic field. The results of this study facilitate the use of simple encoding coil designs that can feature low inductance, allowing for much faster switching times and higher magnetic field gradients.
Mechanical property dependence on compositional heterogeneity in Co-P metallic nanoglasses
Authors: Li Tian , Li Nana , Zhang Shengming , Zheng Guangping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe glass–glass interfaces (GGIs) are in a unique glass phase, while current knowledge on the interfacial phase has not completely established to explain the unprecedented improvements in the ductility of metallic nanoglasses (NGs). In this work, Co–P NGs prepared through the pulse electrodeposition are investigated, whose GGI regions clearly show elemental segregation with chemical composition dominated by element Co. Such compositional heterogeneity is further verified by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on the formation of GGIs in Co-P NGs and atomic structures of GGIs with Co segregation are found to be less dense than those of glassy grains. More importantly, Co segregation at GGIs is closely related to the improved ductility observed in Co-P NGs, as demonstrated by nanoindentation measurements and MD simulations. This work facilitates the understanding on the relations between compositional heterogeneity and improved ductility as observed in Co-P NGs, and thus opens a new window for controlling the mechanical properties of NGs through GGI engineering.
Single-step phase identification and phase locking for coherent beam combination using deep learning
Authors: Xie Yunhui , Chernikov Fedor , Mills Ben , Liu Yuchen , Praeger Matthew , Grant-Jacob James A. , Zervas Michalis N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCoherent beam combination offers a solution to the challenges associated with the power handling capacity of individual fibres, however, the combined intensity profile strongly depends on the relative phase of each fibre. Optimal combination necessitates precise control over the phase of each fibre channel, however, determining the required phase compensations is challenging because phase information is typically not available. Additionally, the presence of continuously varying phase noise in fibre laser systems means that a single-step and high-speed correction process is required. In this work, we use a spatial light modulator to demonstrate coherent combination in a seven-beam system. Deep learning is used to identify the relative phase offsets for each beam directly from the combined intensity pattern, allowing real-time correction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the deep learning agent can calculate the phase corrections needed to achieve user-specified target intensity profiles thus simultaneously achieving both beam combination and beam shaping.
A new DNA aptamer which binds to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and reduces pro-inflammatory response
Authors: Kim Woong , Song Eun Su , Lee Song Ha , Yang Seung Ho , Cho Junhyung , Kim Seok-Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCOVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 spread rapidly around the world, endangering the health of people globally. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein initiates entry into target cells by binding to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In this study, we developed DNA aptamers that specifically bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, thereby inhibiting its binding to ACE2. DNA aptamers are small nucleic acid fragments with random structures that selectively bind to various target molecules. We identified nine aptamers targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method and selected three optimal aptamers by comparing their binding affinities. Additionally, we confirmed that the DNA aptamers suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in ACE2-overexpressing HEK293 cells. Overall, the DNA aptamer developed in this study has the potential to bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and inhibit or block its interaction with ACE2. Thus, our DNA aptamers can be used as new biological tools for the prevention and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Auto-amplification and spatial propagation of neutrophil extracellular traps
Authors: Deng Pan , Xu Alec , Grin Peter M. , Matthews Kerryn , Duffy Simon P. , Ma Hongshen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe release of cellular DNA as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) plays a pivotal role in the immune response to pathogens by physically entrapping and killing microbes. NET release occurs at a greater frequency within neutrophil clusters and swarms, indicating a potential for collective behavior. However, little is known about how dense clustering of cells influences the frequency of NET release. Using an image-based assay for NETosis in nanowells, we show that the frequency of NETosis increases with cell density. We then co-incubate NETotic neutrophils with naïve neutrophils and find that NETotic neutrophils can induce secondary NETosis in naïve neutrophils in a cell density-dependent manner. Further mechanistic studies show that secondary NETosis is caused by a combination of DNA and protein factors. Finally, we immobilize NETotic neutrophils in a plaque, and then place the plaque near naïve neutrophils to characterize the spatial propagation of secondary NETosis. We find that secondary NETosis from naïve neutrophils increases over time, but remains spatially restricted to the periphery of the plaque. Together, we show that NETosis is an auto-amplified process, but that the spatial propagation of NET release is strictly regulated.
Pd-catalyzed three-component [2 + 2 + 1] cycloamination toward carbazoles
Authors: Shen Mingzhu , Li Min , Yu Jingxun 
Published: March 2024

A novel and efficient diamination route to synthesize carbazole skeletons via a Pd-catalyzed three-component [2 + 2 + 1] cycloamination reaction is developed.
Enhancing smart contract security: Leveraging pre‐trained language models for advanced vulnerability detection
Authors: He Fei , Li Fei , Liang Peili 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe burgeoning interest in decentralized applications (Dapps), spurred by advancements in blockchain technology, underscores the critical role of smart contracts. However, many Dapp users, often without deep knowledge of smart contracts, face financial risks due to hidden vulnerabilities. Traditional methods for detecting these vulnerabilities, including manual inspections and automated static analysis, are plagued by issues such as high rates of false positives and overlooked security flaws. To combat this, the article introduces an innovative approach using the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT)‐ATT‐BiLSTM model for identifying potential weaknesses in smart contracts. This method leverages the BERT pre‐trained model to discern semantic features from contract opcodes, which are then refined using a Bidirectional Long Short‐Term Memory Network (BiLSTM) and augmented by an attention mechanism that prioritizes critical features. The goal is to improve the model's generalization ability and enhance detection accuracy. Experiments on various publicly available smart contract datasets confirm the model's superior performance, outperforming previous methods in key metrics like accuracy, F1‐score, and recall. This research not only offers a powerful tool to bolster smart contract security, mitigating financial risks for average users, but also serves as a valuable reference for advancements in natural language processing and deep learning.
UKF‐MOT: An unscented Kalman filter‐based 3D multi‐object tracker
Authors: Liu Meng , Niu Jianwei , Liu Yu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMulti‐object tracking in autonomous driving is a non‐linear problem. To better address the tracking problem, this paper leveraged an unscented Kalman filter to predict the object's state. In the association stage, the Mahalanobis distance was employed as an affinity metric, and a Non‐minimum Suppression method was designed for matching. With the detections fed into the tracker and continuous ‘predicting‐matching’ steps, the states of each object at different time steps were described as their own continuous trajectories. We conducted extensive experiments to evaluate tracking accuracy on three challenging datasets (KITTI, nuScenes and Waymo). The experimental results demonstrated that our method effectively achieved multi‐object tracking with satisfactory accuracy and real‐time efficiency.
Videogestützte Psychotherapie für
Geflüchtete: Eine Pilotstudie
Authors: Schneider Johanna , Wiechers Maren , Burger Max , Pogarell Oliver , Übleis Aline , Padberg Frank , Strupf Michael 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Globale Konflikte und humanitäre Krisen
führten in den vergangenen Jahren zu einer erhöhten
Fluchtmigration nach Deutschland. Um perspektivisch die Versorgungsstruktur
für Menschen mit Fluchthintergrund im deutschen Gesundheitssystem zu
verbessern, werden im Rahmen dieser Pilotstudie erste Erfahrungen in der
videogestützten Durchführung der Gruppenpsychotherapie
Empowerment für Geflüchtete vorgestellt.
Methodik Empowerment ist eine kultursensible, dolmetschergestützte
Gruppentherapie zur Behandlung von depressiven und stressbezogenen Symptomen bei
Geflüchteten. Vier afghanische Männer nahmen an der Pilotstudie
teil. Die Intervention umfasste 16 Sitzungen, die innerhalb von 12 Wochen per
Video durchgeführt wurden.
Ergebnisse Die Internetverbindung war teils instabil und führte zu
organisatorischen Herausforderungen. Sprachlich und interaktionell war die
Therapie durchführbar.
Diskussion Eine stabile Internetverbindung stellt das zentrale Kriterium
für eine erfolgreiche Durchführung der Therapie dar. Es werden
mögliche Lösungsansätze und Einschränkungen
für zukünftige Studien diskutiert.
Schlussfolgerung Hinsichtlich der potenziellen Chancen auf eine
zukünftige Erweiterung der Versorgungsoptionen für Menschen mit
Fluchthintergrund, könnte das videogestützte Therapiekonzept in
einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie untersucht werden.