bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Note on the determination of the ignition point in forest fires propagation using a control algorithm
Authors: Bergmann M. , Séro‐Guillaume O. , Ramezani S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the determination of the origin point in forest fires propagation using a control algorithm. The forest fires propagation are mathematically modelled starting from a reaction diffusion model. A volume of fluid (V.O.F.) formulation is also used to determine the fraction of the area which is burnt. After having developed the objective functional and its derivative, results from an optimization process based on the simplex method is presented. It is shown that the ignition point and the final time of the fire propagation are precisely recovered, even for a realistic, non‐horizontal, terrain. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CJZ3, a lomerizine derivative, reverses P‐glycoprotein‐mediated multidrug‐resistance in doxorubicin‐resistant human myelogenous leukemia (K562/DOX) cells
Authors: Ji Bian‐Sheng , He Ling , Liu Guo‐Qing 
Published: February 2007

AbstractP‐glycoprotein‐mediated drug efflux can yield a multidrug‐resistance (MDR) phenotype that is associated with a poor response to cancer chemotherapy. The development of safe and effective MDR‐reversing agents is an important approach in the clinic. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of CJZ3, a lomerizine derivative, on the inhibition of P‐gp function and P‐gp‐mediated MDR in K562/DOX cells and parental K562 cells. Incubation of K562/DOX cells with CJZ3 caused a marked increase in accumulation and uptake and a notable decrease in efflux of Rh123, No such results were found in parental K562 cells. The inhibitory effect of the agent on P‐gp function was reversible, but it persisted for at least 90 min after removal of 2.5 &&micro;M CJZ3 from the incubation medium. The doxorubicin‐induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell‐cycle perturbations were significantly potentiated by CJZ3. The intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin was enhanced in the presence of various concentrations of CJZ3. The CJZ3 exhibited potent effects in vitro in the reversal of P‐gp‐mediated MDR, suggesting that the compound may be an effective MDR reversing agent in cancer chemotherapy. Drug Dev. Res. 67:862–869, 2006. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐viral gene therapy for diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Oshitari Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy results from vascular abnormalities, such as an increase in the permeability of retinal vessels, and retinal neurodegeneration, which are irreversible changes that occur early in the course of diabetic retinopathy. To block the vascular and neuronal complications associated with the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy, a reasonable strategy would be to prevent the increased vascular permeability and to block the neuronal cell death. The purpose of this review is to present the non‐viral strategies being used to block the neurovascular abnormalities and neuronal cell death that are observed in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy in order to prevent the onset or the progression of the diabetic retinopathy. Some of the non‐viral gene therapeutic techniques being used are electroporation of selected genes, injections of antisense oligonucleotides, and injections of small interference RNAs. The results obtained by these methods are discussed as is the potential of these therapeutic strategies to prevent the onset or the progression of the neurovascular abnormalities in diabetic retinopathy. Drug Dev. Res. 67:835–841, 2006. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synaptic transmission is impaired at neuronal autonomic synapses in agrin‐null mice
Authors: Gingras Jacinthe , Rassadi Siamak , Cooper Ellis , Ferns Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNeuronal synapse formation is a multistep process regulated by several pre‐ and postsynaptic adhesion and signaling proteins. Recently, we found that agrin acts as one such synaptogenic factor at neuronal synapses in the PNS by demonstrating that structural synapse formation is impaired in the superior cervical ganglia (SCG) of z+ agrin‐deficient mice and in SCG cultures derived from those animals. Here, we tested whether synaptic function is defective in agrin‐null (AGD−/−) ganglia and began to define agrin's mechanism of action. Our electrophysiological recordings of compound action potentials showed that presynaptic stimulation evoked action potentials in ≈40% of AGD−/− ganglionic neurons compared to 90% of wild‐type neurons; moreover, transmission could not be potentiated as in wild‐type or z+ agrin‐deficient ganglia. Intracellular recordings also showed that nerve‐evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials in AGD−/− neurons were only 1/3 the size of those in wild‐type neurons and mostly subthreshold. Consistent with these defects in transmission, we found an ≈40–50% decrease in synapse number in AGD−/− ganglia and cultures, and decreased levels of differentiation at the residual synapses in culture. Furthermore, surface levels of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) were equivalent in cultured AGD−/− and wild‐type neurons, and depolarization reduced the synaptic localization of AChRs in AGD−/− but not wild‐type neurons. These findings provide the first direct demonstration that agrin is required for proper structural and functional development of an interneuronal synapse in vivo. Moreover, they suggest a novel role for agrin, in stabilizing the postsynaptic density of nAChR at nascent neuronal synapses. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
A screen for neurotransmitter transporters expressed in the visual system ofDrosophila melanogasteridentifies three novel genes
Authors: Romero‐Calderón Rafael , Shome Ratula M. , Simon Anne F. , Daniels Richard W. , DiAntonio Aaron , Krantz David E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe fly eye provides an attractive substrate for genetic studies, and critical transport activities for synaptic transmission and pigment biogenesis in the insect visual system remain unknown. We therefore screened for transporters inDrosophila melanogasterthat are down‐regulated by genetically ablating the eye. Using a large panel of transporter specific probes on Northern blots, we identified three transcripts that are down‐regulated in flies lacking eye tissue. Two of these,CG13794andCG13795, are part of a previously unknown subfamily of putative solute carriers within the neurotransmitter transporter family. The third, CG4476, is a member of a related subfamily that includes characterized nutrient transporters expressed in the insect gut. Using imprecise excision of a nearby transposable P element, we have generated a series of deletions in theCG4476gene. In fast phototaxis assays,CG4476mutants show a decreased behavioral response to light, and the most severe mutant behaves as if it were blind. These data suggest an unforeseen role for the “nutrient amino acid transporter” subfamily in the nervous system, and suggest new models to study transport function using the fly eye. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Retinal ganglion cell protection by 17‐β‐estradiol in a mouse model of inherited glaucoma
Authors: Zhou Xiaohong , Li Feng , Ge Jian , Sarkisian Steven R. , Tomita Hiroshi , Zaharia Alexander , Chodosh James , Cao Wei 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGlaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world. The ultimate cause of vision loss due to glaucoma is thought to be retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis. Neuroprotection of RGC is becoming an important approach of glaucoma therapy. Several lines of evidence suggest that estrogen has neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties. In this study, we examine the role of estrogen in preventing RGC loss in DBA/2J mouse, an in vivo model of an inherited (pigmentary) glaucoma. Two‐month‐old female DBA/2J mice were anesthetized and ovariectomized with or without subcutaneous 17β‐estradiol (βE2) pellet implantation. RGC survival was evaluated from flat‐mounted whole retinas by counting retrograde‐labeled cells. The loss of nerve fibers and RGC were also evaluated in paraffin‐fixed retinal cross sections. Biochemical alterations in the retinas of DBA/2J mice in response to systemic injection of βE2 were also examined. We have made several important observations showing that: (1) βE2 treatment reduced the loss of RGC and neurofibers through inhibition of ganglion cell apoptosis, (2) βE2 activated Akt and cAMP‐responsive‐element‐binding‐protein (CREB), (3) βE2 up‐regulated thioredoxin‐1 (Trx‐1) expression, (4) βE2 reduced the increased activations of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) and NF‐κB, (5) βE2 inhibited the increased interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) expression, and (6) treatment with tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist, blocked βE2‐mediated activation of Akt and inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation in the retinas of DBA/2J mice. These findings suggest the possible involvement of multiple biochemical events, including estrogen receptor/Akt/CREB/thioredoxin‐1, and estrogen receptor/MAPK/NF‐κB, in estrogen‐mediated retinal ganglion cell protection. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Effect of incubation temperature and androgens on dopaminergic activity in the leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius
Authors: Dias Brian George , Ataya Ramona Sousan , Rushworth David , Zhao Jun , Crews David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMale leopard geckos that hatch from eggs incubated at a female‐biased temperature (Tf) behave differently when compared with males hatching at a temperature which produces a male‐biased sex ratio (Tm). We investigated the effect of incubation temperature and androgen implantation on aspects of the dopaminergic system of Tf and Tm males. Our data suggest that more dopamine (DA) is stored in the nucleus accumbens of naive Tf males compared with naïve Tm males when they encounter a receptive female conspecific across a barrier. No difference was measured in the preoptic area and the ventral tegmental area (VTA). This difference in intracellular DA levels in a motivation‐related brain nucleus might be correlated with differences in sociosexual behavior observed between the two morphs. There were no differences in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expressing cell numbers in the VTA of cholesterol (CH)‐implanted naive castrated Tf and Tm males. Only Tf males implanted with testosterone had significantly higher TH immunopositive cell numbers in the VTA compared with CH‐ and dihydrotestosterone‐implanted Tf males. These data indicate that both the embryonic environment as well as the circulating hormonal milieu can modulate neurochemistry, which might in turn be a basis for individual variation in behavior. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Regeneration in zebrafish lateral line neuromasts: Expression of the neural progenitor cell marker sox2 and proliferation‐dependent and‐independent mechanisms of hair cell renewal
Authors: Hernández Pedro P. , Olivari Francisco A. , Sarrazin Andrés F. , Sandoval Pablo C. , Allende Miguel L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMechanosensory hair cells are essential for audition in vertebrates, and in many species, have the capacity for regeneration when damaged. Regeneration is robust in the fish lateral line system as new hair cells can reappear after damage induced by waterborne aminoglycoside antibiotics, platinum‐based drugs, and heavy metals. Here, we characterize the loss and reappearance of lateral line hair cells induced in zebrafish larvae treated with copper sulfate using diverse molecular markers. Transgenic fish that express green fluorescent protein in different cell types in the lateral line system have allowed us to follow the regeneration of hair cells after different damage protocols. We show that conditions that damage only differentiated hair cells lead to reappearance of new hair cells within 24 h from nondividing precursors, whereas harsher conditions are followed by a longer recovery period that is accompanied by extensive cell division. In order to characterize the cell population that gives rise to new hair cells, we describe the expression of a neural stem cell marker in neuromasts. The zebrafish sox2 gene is strongly expressed in neuromast progenitor cells, including those of the migrating lateral line primordium, the accessory cells that underlie the hair cells in neuromasts, and in interneuromastic cells that give rise to new neuromasts. Moreover, we find that most of the cells that proliferate within the neuromast during regeneration express this marker. Thus, our results describe the dynamics of hair cell regeneration in zebrafish and suggest the existence of at least two mechanisms for recovery of these cells in neuromasts. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Costimulation induced phosphorylation of L‐plastin facilitates surface transport of the T cell activation molecules CD69 and CD25
Authors: Wabnitz Guido H. , Köcher Thomas , Lohneis Philipp , Stober Christoph , Konstandin Mathias H. , Funk Beate , Sester Urban , Wilm Matthias , Klemke Martin , Samstag Yvonne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRearrangements in the actin cytoskeleton play a pivotal role for costimulation‐induced formation of the immunological synapse and T cell activation. Yet, little is known about the actin‐binding proteins that link costimulation to rearrangements in the actin cytoskeleton. Here we demonstrate that phosphorylation of the actin bundling protein L‐plastin in response to costimulation through TCR/CD3 plus CD2 or CD28, respectively, is important for the activation of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes (PBT). Mass spectrometry and site‐directed mutagenesis revealed that Ser5 represents the only phospho‐acceptor site of L‐plastin in PBT. Wild‐type L‐plastin (wt‐LPL) and a non‐phosphorylatable 5A‐L‐plastin (5A‐LPL) equally relocalized to the immunological synapse between PBT and APC. Yet importantly, cells expressing 5A‐LPL showed a significantly lower expression of the T cell activation molecules CD25 and CD69 on the cell surface than cells expressing wt‐LPL. This effect is due to a failure in the transport of CD25 and CD69 to the cell surface since the total amount of these proteins within the cells remained unchanged. In conclusion, phosphorylation of the actin bundling protein L‐plastin represents a so‐far‐unknown mechanism by which costimulation controls the transport of activation receptors to the T cell surface.
Facile Synthesis of Oligothiophene‐Capped CdS Nanoparticles
Authors: Antoun Tarek , Brayner Roberta , Al terary Seham , Fiévet Fernand , Chehimi Mohamed , Yassar Abderrahim 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCdS nanoparticles functionalized by electroactive oligothiophenes, with narrow size distribution, have been prepared and characterized. The structure of the hybrid product was investigated by TEM, XRD, optical and FTIR spectroscopy. The modified nanoparticles consist of a few tens of oligothiophene units attached to the CdS core. The grafting of conjugated oligomers to nanoparticles was made possible by complexing the dangling cadmium ion on the nanoparticle surface.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Neutral Yttrium Tris(amide) and Ate Complexes Coordinated by an (R)‐N,N′‐Diisopropyl‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamido Ligand as Enantioselective Catalysts for Intramolecular Hydroamination
Authors: Riegert David , Collin Jacqueline , Daran Jean‐Claude , Fillebeen Tauqir , Schulz Emmanuelle , Lyubov Dmitrii , Fukin Georgy , Trifonov Alexander 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA bis(amido)yttrium chloride coordinated by (R)‐N,N′‐diisopropyl‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamide [Y{(R)‐C20H12(NiPr)2}Cl(thf)2] has been prepared and characterized by X‐ray analysis along with the corresponding yttrium ate complex [Li(thf)4][Y{(R)‐C20H12(NiPr)2}2]. The reaction of [(R)‐N,N′‐diisopropyl‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamido]yttrium chloride with lithium diisopropylamine leads to the formation of a neutral tris(amido)yttrium complex which was characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The new complexes [Y{(R)‐C20H12(NiPr)2}{NiPr2}] and [{Li(thf)4}(Y{(R)‐C20H12(NiPr)2}2)], which contain the same enantiopure binaphthyldiamido ligand, are compared for the catalysis of several intramolecular hydroamination reactions. Both complexes provide pyrrolidines andpiperidines with moderate to high enantioselectivities. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Spin‐Center Shift (SCS) – A Versatile Concept in Biological and Synthetic Chemistry
Authors: Wessig Pablo , Muehling Olaf 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReactions involving radical intermediates are nowadays an inherent part of organic chemistry and the impressive progress in this area in recent decades has contributed to the understanding of many biological processes and provided many valuable methods for preparative chemists. By analyzing the mechanism of some biochemical transformations involving radical intermediates a common principle emerges. If at the atom adjacent to an α‐hydroxy or α‐alkoxy radical a leaving group is tethered a rapid elimination takes place and the spin density is shifted by one atom. This concept, called the spin‐center shift (SCS), considerably extends the scope of some radical reactions. This microreview provides an overview of both biochemical examples of the SCS concept and synthetic applications. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Methyl Derivatives of 1,1′‐Bi(2‐naphthol) and 1,1′‐Bi(2‐phenols)
Authors: Solinas Maurizio , Meadows Rebecca E. , Wilson Claire , Blake Alexander J. , Woodward Simon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReaction of 1,1′‐binaphthol and structurally related 1,1′‐biphenols with sulfonylating reagents [RSO2Cl; R = 4‐Tol, Ph] leads to clean, ultraselective monoderivatisation, shown crystallographically in one case (2‐OH–2′‐OTs–1,1′‐binaphthyl). Reaction of the remaining 2‐hydroxy function with either Tf2O or NfF [Nf = nonaflate, CF3(CF2)3SO2‐] affords the protected/activated cores (2‐R1O–2′‐R2O–1,1′‐biaryl) [R1,R2 pairs = Tf,Ts (X‐ray); Tf,SO2Ph; Nf,Ts (on 1,1′‐binaphthyl core); Tf,Ts; Nf,Ts (on 1,1′‐biphenyl core); Tf,Ts; Nf,Ts (on 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethyl‐1,1′‐biphenyl core)]. Reaction of the Tf,Ts species with either MeMgBr/NiCl2(dppe) (for the 1,1′‐binaphthyl) or (AlMe3)2(DABCO)/Pd2(dba)3 (for the 1,1′‐biphenyl) affords 2‐OH–2′‐Me–1,1′‐biaryl units on subsequent hydrolysis (crystallographically characterised in the binaphthyl case). The latter methyl/hydroxy compounds are doubly deprotonated by either nBuLi/TMEDA or nBuLi/tBuOK to afford dianions that react cleanly with Cl2SiPh2 (two X‐ray structures). The equivalent reaction of the 2‐OH–2′‐Me–1,1′‐binaphthyl with Ph(O)Cl2 is less clean due to the absence of a strong Thorpe–Ingold effect. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Ring–Chain Tautomerism of Simplified Analogues of Isoniazid–NAD(P) Adducts: an Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Delaine Tamara , Bernardes‐Génisson Vania , Stigliani Jean‐Luc , Gornitzka Heinz , Meunier Bernard , Bernadou Jean 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSimplified analogues of oxidized and reduced isoniazid–NAD(P) adducts were prepared to study their behaviour with regard to ring–chain tautomeric isomerism in solution. In DMSO, the oxidized analogues (pyridinium salts) and the corresponding 1,2‐dihydropyridine‐reduced compounds were found to exist exclusively in the ring (cyclic hemiamidal) form. In contrast, the 1,4‐dihydropyridine‐reduced analogues were present in the ring and/or chain forms depending on the nature of the aromatic substituent. The 1,4‐dihydropyridines (Ar = Ph, 3Cl‐Py) are, in solution, preferentially in the keto–amide chain form, whereas the pyridine analogue (Ar = Py), which is the closest model of the isoniazid–NAD(P) adduct, exists as ring (major) and chain (minor) tautomers in equilibrium. The ratio of the tautomeric forms involved in the equilibrium of this system is also influenced by the polarity of the solvent with a shift towards the ring tautomer when the polarity of the solvent is increased. Complementary computational studies were performed by using quantum chemical calculations (B3LYP/6‐31G**) and frontier molecular orbital analysis, which allowed the key structural factors involved in the ring–chain tautomerism equilibrium to be discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A Novel Route to a Bromo‐Cyano‐Substituted Azulene and Its Exploitation in the Construction of an Acetylenic Scaffold
Authors: Petersen Michael Åxman , Kilså Kristine , Kadziola Anders , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA novel route to functionalized azulenes is devised from a dihydroazulene precursor. Thus, bromination of 1,1‐dicyano‐2‐phenyl‐1,8a‐dihydroazulene followed by heating in the presence of bromide ions provides an efficient way to generate 3‐bromo‐1‐cyano‐2‐phenylazulene. Formation of this somewhat unexpected product was confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. It undergoes a palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction with trimethylsilylacetylene, affording a new azulene building block for acetylenic scaffolding. Oxidative homo‐coupling hereof provides an azulene dimer, for which the optical and electrochemical properties are compared to the other azulenes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Retributive justice and social categorizations: the perceived fairness of punishment depends on intergroup status
Authors: van Prooijen Jan‐Willem , Lam Jerôme 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the current research, the authors investigate the influence of intergroup status and social categorizations on retributive justice judgments, that is, the extent to which observers perceive punishment as fair. Building on social identity theory and the model of subjective group dynamics, it is predicted that when the ingroup has higher status than the outgroup, people are relatively less concerned about punishment of an outgroup offender than when the ingroup has lower status than the outgroup. Two experiments revealed that participants are more punitive towards an ingroup than an outgroup offender when ingroup status is high but not when ingroup status is low. Furthermore, in correspondence with our line of reasoning, this finding emerged because participants were less punitive towards outgroup offenders when ingroup status is high than when ingroup status was low. It is concluded that the perceived fairness of punishment depends on the offender's social categorization and intergroup status. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Familiar eyes are smiling: on the role of familiarity in the perception of facial affect
Authors: Claypool Heather M. , Hugenberg Kurt , Housley Meghan K. , Mackie Diane M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractQuickly and accurately perceiving others' facial affect is paramount for successful social interaction. This work investigates the role of familiarity in helping us to interpret others' facial emotions. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants viewed several faces, some familiar and some novel, and judged how happy each face appeared. As predicted, results showed that familiar faces were perceived as happier than were novel faces. In Experiment 3, participants again viewed several faces, some familiar and some not, and rated the perceived anger or happiness of these faces. As expected, familiar faces were perceived as happier and less angry than were novel faces. Thus, these results suggest that familiarity is one cue we use to interpret the facial affect of others. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.