bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic inhibition of Sp1 expression in growing tumors by mithramycin a correlates directly with potent antiangiogenic effects on human pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yuan Ping , Wang Liwei , Wei Daoyan , Zhang Jun , Jia Zhiliang , Li Qiang , Le Xiangdong , Wang Huamin , Yao James , Xie Keping 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDHuman pancreatic cancer over expresses the transcription factor Sp1. However, the role of Sp1 in pancreatic cancer angiogenesis and its use as target for antiangiogenic therapy remain unexplored.METHODSArchived human pancreatic cancer specimens were used to assess gene expression and microvessel density (MVD) status by immunohistochemistry: Small‐interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to determine the impact of altered Sp1 expression on tumor growth and angiogenesis, and mithramycin A (MIT) was used to evaluate Sp1‐targeted antiangiogenic treatment of human pancreatic cancer in animal models.RESULTSThe expression level of Sp1 was correlated directly with the MVD status (P < .001) and the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (P < .05). Knockdown of Sp1 expression did not affect the growth of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro but inhibited their growth and metastasis in mouse models. This antitumor activity was consistent with the in vitro and in vivo antiangiogenic activity resulting from Sp1 knockdown. Subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection of MIT significantly suppressed the growth of human pancreatic cancer in mouse models. This tumor suppression was correlated with the suppression of Sp1 expression in growing tumors but not in normal tissues. Moreover, treatment with MIT reduced tumor MVD, which was consistent with the down‐regulation of VEGF, platelet‐derived growth factor, and epidermal growth factor receptor.CONCLUSIONSBoth clinical and experimental evidence indicated that Sp1 is a critical regulator of human pancreatic cancer angiogenesis and the antitumor activity of MIT is a result, at least in part, of the suppression of Sp1 expression and consequent down‐regulation the downstream targets of Sp1 that are key to angiogenesis. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Frequent recurrence and progression in pilocytic astrocytoma in adults
Authors: Stüer Carsten , Vilz Belinda , Majores Michael , Becker Albert , Schramm Johannes , Simon Matthias 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDMost pilocytic astrocytomas (piloA) are benign growths (World Health Organization [WHO] grade 1) of the deep midline structures, the brainstem, and the cerebellum. To the authors' knowledge, the literature contains only scarce data regarding piloA in adults.METHODSBetween 1995 and 2005, 44 patients (26 women and 18 men) underwent surgery for a primary or recurrent piloA at the authors' institution. All patients were aged > 16 years (mean ± standard deviation: 31 ± 14 years) at the time of their first surgery. The histopathologic diagnoses were reviewed, and relevant clinical information was obtained through a chart review and telephone interviews. The mean follow‐up was 76 ± 59 months (range, 1–227 months).RESULTSThere were 20 patients (45%) with supratentorial lobar piloA (including 10 temporal/temporomesial tumors, 5 parietal tumors, 3 insular tumors, 1 frontal tumor, and 1 occipital tumors), 12 patients with cerebellar piloA, 7 patients with brainstem piloA, 2 patients with opticochiasmatic PiloA, 1 patient with intramedullary piloA, and 2 patients with piloA of the basal ganglia. All but 1 patient with a lobar tumor presented with epilepsy. In 6 of 44 patients (14%), increased proliferative activity was revealed. WHO grade 3 primary anaplastic piloA was diagnosed in 2 patients (5%), and WHO grade 3 secondary anaplastic piloA was diagnosed in 4 patients (9%). Tumor recurrence or disease progression was observed in 13 of 44 patients (30%). Eight of 44 patients (18%) died from their disease. Histologic grading and extent of surgical resection proved to be important predictors of survival.CONCLUSIONSPiloA in adult patients, surprisingly, often was not a benign disease. The degree of surgical resection was found to be of major importance for the patient's further clinical course; therefore, an aggressive surgical resection should be attempted whenever possible. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Nucleophilic Substitution at Phosphorus Centers (SN2@P)
Authors: van Bochove Marc A. , Swart Marcel , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe have studied the characteristics of archetypal model systems for bimolecular nucleophilic substitution at phosphorus (SN2@P) and, for comparison, at carbon (SN2@C) and silicon (SN2@Si) centers. In our studies, we applied the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of density functional theory (DFT) at the OLYP/TZ2P level. Our model systems cover nucleophilic substitution at carbon in X−+CH3Y (SN2@C), at silicon in X−+SiH3Y (SN2@Si), at tricoordinate phosphorus in X−+PH2Y (SN2@P3), and at tetracoordinate phosphorus in X−+POH2Y (SN2@P4). The main feature of going from SN2@C to SN2@P is the loss of the characteristic double‐well potential energy surface (PES) involving a transition state [XCH3Y]− and the occurrence of a single‐well PES with a stable transition complex, namely, [XPH2Y]− or [XPOH2Y]−. The differences between SN2@P3 and SN2@P4 are relatively small. We explored both the symmetric and asymmetric (i.e. X, Y=Cl, OH) SN2 reactions in our model systems, the competition between backside and frontside pathways, and the dependence of the reactions on the conformation of the reactants. Furthermore, we studied the effect, on the symmetric and asymmetric SN2@P3 and SN2@P4 reactions, of replacing hydrogen substituents at the phosphorus centers by chlorine and fluorine in the model systems X−+PR2Y and X−+POR2Y, with R=Cl, F. An interesting phenomenon is the occurrence of a triple‐well PES not only in the symmetric, but also in the asymmetric SN2@P4 reactions of X−+POCl2Y.
Improved Plasma Spray Torch Stability Through Multi‐Electrode Design
Authors: Schein J. , Zierhut J. , Dzulko M. , Forster G. , Landes K. D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCoating production by thermal plasma spray is dependent on the residence time of particles in the plasma jet produced by the gas flow inside a plasma torch. To ensure a high fraction of well‐molten particles to be accelerated towards the substrate a long reproducible residence time is needed. This can be achieved by a long plasma jet with little or no temporal variation in length and temperature. While single electrode plasma torches need an unstable attachment of the anodic arc root in order to avoid excess erosion, which also causes an unstable plasma jet, multi‐electrode torches allow operation with fixed anode attachments by subdividing the anode current by the number of electrodes used, and thereby thus reducing the power input for each separated arc root. Once the steady anode attachment has been obtained the produced plasma jet exhibits a steady characteristic, but also looses rotational symmetry. The separation can be achieved by using either multi anode or multi cathode geometry with appropriate electrical control. Both version have been produced with 3 electrodes each resulting in two systems known as the Delta Gun (3 anodes) and Triplex (3 cathodes). (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The use of bead beating to prepare suspensions of nuclei for flow cytometry from fresh leaves, herbarium leaves, petals and pollen
Authors: Roberts Andy V. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract“Bead beating” is commonly used to release DNA from cells for genomic studies but it was used here to prepare suspensions of plant nuclei for measurement of DNA amounts by flow cytometry. Plant material was placed in 2‐ml screw‐capped tubes containing beads of zirconia/silica (2.5 mm diameter) or glass (2.5 or 1.0 mm diameter) and 1 ml of lysis buffer. The tubes were mechanically shaken with an FP120 FastPrep Cell Disrupter to release intact nuclei from plant tissue by the impact of the beads. The nuclei were then stained with propidium iodide (PI) and analyzed by flow cytometry. The method was tested using fresh leaves, fresh petals and herbarium leaves of Rosa canina, leaves and pollen of R. rugosa, and fresh leaves of Petroselinum crispum, Nicotiana tabacum, and Allium cepa. Batches of 12 samples of fresh leaves were prepared, simultaneously, in 45 s by bead beating in the Cell Disrupter. In flow cytometry histograms, nuclei of fresh leaves gave G1/G0 peaks with CVs of less than 3.0% and nuclei from fresh petals and herbarium leaves of R. canina, and pollen of the generative nuclei of R. rugosa gave peaks with coefficients of variation (CVs) of less than 4.0%. DNA amounts estimated from 24‐month‐old herbarium leaves, using P. crispum as an internal standard, were less than those of fresh leaves by a small but significant amount. Suspensions of nuclei can be prepared rapidly and conveniently from a diversity of tissues by bead beating. Exposure of laboratory workers to harmful substances in the lysis buffer is minimized. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Thermal Behavior of Free‐Base and Core‐Modified Bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene‐Fused Porphyrins
Authors: Uno Hidemitsu , Shimizu Yusuke , Uoyama Hiroki , Tanaka Yousuke , Okujima Tetsuo , Ono Noboru 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMultistep thermal fragmentation of quadruply bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene‐fused porphyrins giving tetrabenzoporphyrins was examined in detail. After the first extrusion of an ethylene molecule from the porphyrin derivative, the opposite bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene moiety preferentially underwent the second retro‐Diels–Alder reaction to give an opp‐dibenzoporphyrin derivative rather than an adj‐dibenzoporphyrin derivative. These two benzoporphyrin derivatives then decomposed to give a tribenzoporphyrin derivative in similar rates. The temperature regions of these fragmentations could not be distinguished by thermogravimetric analysis. In contrast, the third and the fourth fragmentations obviously occurred stepwise. There was a temperature region where the tribenzoporphyrin derivative preferentially existed. In the case of the 21,23‐dithiaporphyrin derivative, opp‐21,23‐dithiadibenzoporphyrin, possessing benzo moieties fused at the pyrrole parts of the core‐modified porphyrin chromophore was predominantly formed during the fragmentation. In the case of the 21‐thiaporphyrin derivative, an ethylene molecule was extruded selectively from the bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene moiety adjacent to the thiophene part to give 21‐thiabenzo[q]porphyrin and then 21‐thiabenzo[g,q]porphyrin derivatives. In these cases, the last ethylene extrusion also occurred very slowly. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Getting value from BS7750: Lessons learnt from quality management
Authors: Wright Michael , Kenney Gary 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article suggests some do's and don'ts when implementing BS7750. BS7750, like many other management standards, provides a framework for managing and auditing the environmental aspects of a business. The underlying intent of the standard is to provide a traceable route to identify and assess environmental issues. Problems may arise in realising the intent of this standard where an organisation allows achievement of the standard to become its ultimate goal rather than the means to achieving a goal. In such a situation there is danger of management being driven by the requirement to adhere to the procedures associated with the standard rather than focusing upon the objective. To avoid such problems it is necessary to first view BS7750 as a means by which an organisation may achieve a goal to which the organisation is already committed. The standard is simply a framework which the organisation uses to adapt and ‘fill‐in’ to reflect its own situation and meet its own needs. This paper discusses some of the lessons learnt when applying or implementing other standards, such as BS5750, and identifies some of the key steps in getting the most out of BS7750. Copyright © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A prospective study of obsessive‐compulsive and borderline personality traits, race and disordered eating
Authors: Lilenfeld Lisa Rachelle Riso , Jacobs Carli Heather , Woods Amanda Michelle , Picot Angela Katherine 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMost previous investigations of the relationship between personality and disordered eating have been cross‐sectional and have utilised relatively homogeneous samples. The current study sought to prospectively explore two specific putative personality risk factors for disordered eating in an ethnically diverse sample of women (n = 58). During the initial and 2‐year follow‐up assessments, semi‐structured diagnostic interviews were administered. Analyses revealed that borderline personality disorder symptoms, as well as an interaction between obsessive‐compulsive personality disorder symptoms and race, significantly predicted disordered eating over a 2‐year period. Obsessive‐compulsive personality pathology was most strongly predictive of disordered eating for the African American women, specifically. These data supported both borderline and obsessive‐compulsive personality pathology as predictors of the development of eating disorder symptoms among women over a 2‐year period in college. In addition, race may be an important consideration in understanding the role of personality in the aetiology of disordered eating. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Amplification of PRKCI, located in 3q26, is associated with lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yi‐Ling , Chu Jia‐You , Luo Man‐Li , Wu Yu‐Peng , Zhang Yu , Feng Yan‐Bin , Shi Zhi‐Zhou , Xu Xin , Han Ya‐Ling , Cai Yan , Dong Jin‐Tang , Zhan Qi‐Min , Wu Min , Wang Ming‐Rong 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDNA amplification is one of the mechanisms to activate genes that are implicated in neoplastic transformation and gain of chromosome band 3q26 is a common event in squamous cell carcinomas. The aim of the present work was to identify the specific target gene from four candidates (MDS1, PRKCI, ECT2, and PIK3CA) located on 3q26 amplification in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs). To assess the prevalence of copy number gains of putative genes, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied on 108 ESCCs and 9 ESCC cell lines. Our data showed that MDS1 and PRKCI were more frequently gained. Positive correlation was found only for PRKCI between amplification and tumor size (P = 0.043), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.015) and clinical stage (P = 0.002). PRKCI gene amplification was highly correlated with protein overexpression (P = 0.009), suggesting that gene amplification is one important mechanism involved in PRKCI overexpression. To investigate further the role of PRKCI alteration in esophageal tumors, a tissue microarray containing samples from 180 ESCCs was used for immunohistochemistry analysis. Statistical analysis revealed that PRKCI overexpression was correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002) and higher stage (P = 0.004). Performing multivariate logistic regression analysis, a significant association between PRKCI overexpression and presence of lymph node metastasis was found, which was independent of T‐stage of the primary tumors (P = 0.004). Our results indicate that PRKCI is an attractive target in the 3q26 amplicon and that it may serve as a molecular marker for metastasis and occult advanced tumor stages in ESCC. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and cytogenetic features of pediatric dic(9;20)(p13.2;q11.2)‐positive B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemias: A nordic series of 24 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Forestier Erik , Gauffin Fredrika , Andersen Mette K. , Autio Kirsi , Borgström Georg , Golovleva Irina , Gustafsson Britt , Heim Sverre , Heinonen Kristina , Heyman Mats , Hovland Randi , Johannsson Johann H. , Kerndrup Gitte , Rosenquist Richard , Schoumans Jacqueline , Swolin Birgitta , Johansson Bertil , Nordgren Ann 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAlthough dic(9;20)(p13.2;q11.2) is a characteristic abnormality in childhood B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemias (BCP ALL), little is known about its clinical impact or the type and frequency of additional aberrations it may occur together with. We here review the clinical and cytogenetic features of a Nordic pediatric series of 24 patients with dic(9;20)‐positive BCP ALL diagnosed 1996–2006, constituting 1.3% of the BCP ALL, as well as 47 childhood cases from the literature. Consistent immunophenotypic features of the Nordic cases included positivity for HLA‐DR, CD10, CD19, CD20, and CD22 and negativity for T‐cell and myeloid markers; no detailed immunophenotypes were reported for the previously published cases. In the entire cohort of 71 cases, the modal chromosome distribution was 45 (62%), 46 (21%), 47 (7%), 48 (4%), 49 (3%), 44 (1%), and 50 (1%). Additional changes were present in 63%, the most frequent of which were homozygous loss of CDKN2A (33%) and gains of chromosomes 21 (28%) and X (10%). The median patient age was 3 years, the female/male ratio was 2.0, the median white blood cell count was 24 × 109/l, 11% had central nervous system involvement, and 5% had a mediastinal mass at diagnosis. Risk group stratification was nonstandard risk in 79%. The event‐free survival and overall survival at 5 years for the 24 Nordic cases was 0.62 and 0.82, respectively. Thus, although relapses are quite common, postrelapse treatment of many patients is successful. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geoarchaeology of stratified paleoindian deposits at the Big Eddy site, Southwest Missouri, U.S.A.
Authors: Hajic Edwin R. , Mandel Rolfe D. , Ray Jack H. , Lopinot Neal H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Big Eddy site (23CE426) in the Sac River valley of southwest Missouri is a rare recorded example of distinctly stratified Early through Late Paleoindian cultural deposits. Early point types recovered from the site include Gainey, Sedgwick, Dalton (fluted and unfluted), San Patrice, Wilson, and Packard. The Paleoindian record at Big Eddy represents only a fraction of the site's prehistoric cultural record; stratified cultural deposits in alluvium above the Paleoindian components span the entire known prehistoric sequence, and terminal Pleistocene alluvium may contain pre‐Early Paleoindian cultural deposits. This study focused on the paleogeomorphic setting, stratigraphy, depositional environments, pedology, geochronology, and history of landscape evolution of the late Pleistocene and early Holocene alluvium at the site. The Paleoindian sequence is associated with a complex buried soil 2.85 m below the modern surface (T1a) of the first terrace of the Sac River valley in the site vicinity. This soil formed at the top of the early submember of the Rodgers Shelter Member (underlying the T1c paleogeomorphic surface) and contains at least 70 cm of stratified Paleoindian cultural deposits, all in floodplain and upper point‐bar facies. A suite of 36 radiocarbon ages indicates that the alluvium hosting the Paleoindian sequence aggraded between ca. 13,250 and 11,870 cal yr B.P. (11,380 and 10,180 14C yr B.P.). Underlying deposits accumulated between ca. 15,300 and 13,250 cal yr B.P. (12,950 and 11,380 14C yr B.P.). By ca. 11,250 cal yr B.P. (9,840 14C yr B.P.) the T1c paleogeomorphic surface was buried by the earliest increment of a thick sequence of overbank sheetflood facies, ultimately resulting in deep burial and preservation of the Paleoindian record. The landform‐sediment assemblage that hosts the Paleoindian and possibly earlier cultural deposits at Big Eddy is both widespread and well preserved in the lower Sac River valley. Moreover, the terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene depositional environments were favorable for the preservation of the archaeological record. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modulation of astrocyte P2Y1 receptors by the carboxyl terminal domain of the gap junction protein Cx43
Authors: Scemes Eliana 
Published: November 2007

AbstractGap junction proteins, connexins, provide intercellular channels that allow ions and small signaling molecules to be transmitted to adjacent coupled cells. Besides this function, it is becoming apparent that connexins also exert channel‐independent effects, which are likely mediated by processes involving protein–protein interactions. Although a number of connexin interacting proteins have been identified, only little is known about the functional consequences of such interactions. We have previously shown that deletion of the astrocytic gap junction protein, connexin43 (Cx43) causes a right‐ward shift in the dose‐response curve to P2Y1R agonists and decreased P2Y1R expression levels. To evaluate whether these changes were due to reduced gap junctional communication or to protein–protein interactions, Cx43‐null astrocytes were transfected with full‐length Cx43 and Cx43 domains, and P2Y1R function and expression levels evaluated. Results indicate that restoration of P2Y1R function is independent of gap junctional communication and that the Cx43 carboxyl terminus spanning the SH3 binding domain (260–280) participates in the rescue of P2Y1R pharmacological behavior (shifting to the left the P2Y1R dose‐response curve) without affecting its expression levels. These results suggest that the Cx43 carboxyl‐terminus domain provides a binding site for an intracellular molecule, most likely a member of the c‐Src tyrosine kinase family, which affects P2Y1R‐induced calcium mobilization. It is here proposed that a nonchannel function of Cx43 is to serve as a decoy for such kinases. Such modulation of P2Y1R is expected to influence several neural cell functions, especially under inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders where expression levels of Cx43 are decreased. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel mutant‐enriched sequencing identified high frequency of PIK3CA mutations in pharyngeal cancer
Authors: Qiu Wanglong , Tong Guo‐Xia , Manolidis Spiros , Close Lanny G. , Assaad Adel M. , Su Gloria H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe previously reported 4 PIK3CA mutations in 38 head and neck cancer samples, 3 of which were identified in 6 pharyngeal cancer samples. To determine the mutation frequency of PIK3CA in pharyngeal cancer, we studied 24 additional cases of pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in this study. Using both direct genomic DNA sequencing and novel mutant‐enriched sequencing methods developed specifically for the 3 hot‐spot mutations (H1047R, E545K and E452K) of PIK3CA, we detected 5 mutations of PIK3CA in the 24 pharyngeal cancers (20.8%). Three of the 5 mutations had been missed by the conventional sequencing method and were subsequently detected by novel mutant‐enriched sequencing methods. We showed that the mutant‐enriched sequencing method for the H1047R hot‐spot mutation can identify the mutation in a mixed population of mutant and wild‐type DNA sequences at 1:360 ratios. These novel mutant‐enriched sequencing methods allow the detection of the PIK3CA hot‐spot mutations in clinical specimens which often contain limited tumor tissues (i.e., biopsy specimens). The data further support that oncogenic PIK3CA may play a critical role in pharyngeal carcinogenesis, and the mutant‐enriched sequencing methods for PIK3CA are sensitive and reliable ways to detect PIK3CA mutations in clinical samples. Because PIK3CA and its pathway are potential targets for chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and frequent somatic mutation of PIK3CA has been identified in many human cancer types (e.g., breast cancer, colorectal cancer), the abilities to detect PIK3CA mutations with enhanced sensitivities have great potential impacts on target therapies for many cancer types. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.