bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin G in ameliorating thrombocytopenia induced by antiplatelet GPIIbIIIa versus GPIbα antibodies
Authors: Webster Michelle Lee , Sayeh Ebrahim , Crow Min , Chen Pingguo , Nieswandt Bernhard , Freedman John , Ni Heyu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) is used to treat idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Although many patients benefit from IVIG, some are refractory to this therapy. ITP is characterized by platelet clearance mediated primarily by antiplatelet antibodies against GPIIbIIIa and/or the GPIbα complex. These 2 groups of antibodies may induce ITP through different mechanisms. We tested the hypothesis that IVIG may not be equally effective in preventing ITP caused by anti-GPIIbIIIa versus anti-GPIbα antibodies in mice. Thrombocytopenia was induced in BALB/c mice using monoclonal antibodies against either mouse GPIIbIIIa (JON1, JON2, and JON3) or GPIbα (p0p3, p0p4, p0p5, p0p9, and p0p11). Pretreatment with IVIG significantly ameliorated ITP in all anti-GPIIbIIIa–injected animals. Conversely, IVIG failed to prevent ITP in all anti-GPIbα–treated mice, except for p0p4. These results were repeated in C57BL/6 mice, and with different IVIG preparations. These data in mice suggest that patients with ITP mediated by anti-GPIbα antibodies may be less responsive to IVIG treatment.
Targeting self-antigens through allogeneic TCR gene transfer
Authors: de Witte Moniek A. , Coccoris Miriam , Wolkers Monika C. , van den Boom Marly D. , Mesman Elly M. , Song Ji-Ying , van der Valk Martin , Haanen John B. A. G. , Schumacher Ton N. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAdoptive transfer of T-cell receptor (TCR) genes has been proposed as an attractive approach for immunotherapy in cases where the endogenous T-cell repertoire is insufficient. While there are promising data demonstrating the capacity of TCR-modified T cells to react to foreign antigen encounter, the feasibility of targeting tumor-associated self-antigens has not been addressed. Here we demonstrate that T-cell receptor gene transfer allows the induction of defined self-antigen–specific T-cell responses, even when the endogenous T-cell repertoire is nonreactive. Furthermore, we show that adoptive transfer of T-cell receptor genes can be used to induce strong antigen-specific T-cell responsiveness in partially MHC-mismatched hosts without detectable graft versus host disease. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using a collection of “off the shelf” T-cell receptor genes to target defined tumor-associated self-antigens and thereby form a clear incentive to test this immunotherapeutic approach in a clinical setting.
Human short-term repopulating cells have enhanced telomerase reverse transcriptase expression
Authors: Järås Marcus , Edqvist Anna , Rebetz Johan , Salford Leif G. , Widegren Bengt , Fan Xiaolong 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTelomerase activity has been suggested to be critically involved in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal. However, it has been unclear whether human HSCs have telomerase activity and how telomerase activity is regulated within the HSC and progenitor pool. Here, we isolated living cord-blood (CB) CD34+ cells with up-regulated human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression by using an hTERT-reporting adenoviral vector encoding destabilized green fluorescent protein (dGFP) driven by the hTERT promoter, and functionally characterized them in comparison with control vector–transduced CD34+ cells expressing GFP. Following a 2-day serum-free transduction protocol, cells were sorted into a dGFP+ and a GFP+ fraction. Cell-cycle analysis revealed that the dGFP+ cells had a greater proportion of cells in S/G2/M phase compared with the GFP+ cells, (56% ± 1.8% vs 35% ± 4.3%; P < .001) and fewer cells in G0 phase (8.1% ± 3.0% vs 20% ± 4.7%; P < .01) However, the colony-forming and short-term nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) B2m–/– mice bone marrow–repopulating capacities were similar between the dGFP+ and the GFP+ cells. Interestingly, the dGFP+ cells had a 6-fold lower repopulating capacity in NOD/SCID mice compared with the GFP+ cells and lacked secondary NOD/SCID B2m–/– mice bone marrow–repopulating capacity. Thus, up-regulation of hTERT expression within the CB HSC pool is accompanied by decreased self-renewal capacity.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia after Bcr-Abl kinase mutation–related imatinib failure
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Cortes Jorge , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Giralt Sergio , Jones Dan , Jones Roy , Giles Francis , Andersson Borje S. , Champlin Richard , de Lima Marcos 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Resistance to imatinib mesylate is an emerging problem in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), often associated with point mutations in the Bcr-Abl kinase domain. Outcome of patients with such mutations after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Allo-SCT) is unknown. Ten imatinib-resistant patients with Bcr-Abl kinase mutations received a transplant: 9 had CML (3 in chronic phase, 4 in accelerated phase, and 2 in blast phase) and 1 had Philadelphia-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Patients harbored 9 different protein kinase mutations (T315I mutation, n = 2). Preparative regimens were ablative (n = 7) and nonablative (n = 3). All patients engrafted; there were no treatment-related deaths. Disease response was complete molecular (CMR; n = 7), major molecular (n = 2), and no response (n = 1). Three patients (mutations Q252H, E255K, and T315I) died of relapse after Allo-SCT. Seven patients are alive (6 in CMR) for a median of 19 months. Allo-SCT remains an important salvage option for patients who develop resistance to imatinib through Bcr-Abl mutations.
Regulatory T cells in cancer
Authors: Beyer Marc , Schultze Joachim L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIncreasing evidence supports the existence of elevated numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Whereas the biology of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells in murine models seems to be rather straightforward, studies in human diseases are more difficult to interpret due to expression of CD25 on activated effector T cells as well as Treg cells. More importantly, early studies in human tumors were mainly focused on CD4+CD25+ Treg cells lacking interrogation of more specific markers such as FOXP3 expression. Although the increase of Treg cells seems to be a characteristic feature in most tumors, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for the increase and maintenance of elevated levels of Treg cells in cancer. We will discuss earlier data in the context of recent findings in Treg-cell biology with a particular emphasis on CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ Treg cells in human malignancies.
Dendrimer Complexes Based on Fine-Controlled Metal Assembling
Authors: Yamamoto Kimihisa , Imaoka Takane 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A series of novel dendrimers composed of dendritic phenylazomethines (DPAs) were synthesized with several types of functional cores. The metal assembling to the DPAs is stepwise by the layers, therefore, they can be used as a scaffold for the precise hybridization between metal ions and organic macromolecules. Because of uniform structure of the dendrimer, there is no structural dispersion in the macromolecule–metal hybrid of the DPAs. Also, the number of metal ions loaded in one dendrimer should have no statistical distribution in principle due to the precise metal assembling. A rigid π-conjugating backbone structure contributes not only to the stepwise metal assembly, but also to the solid-state stability under high temperature. Development of this property without any reduction in solubility in organic media enabled the easy preparation of homogeneous amorphous films in which the metal and macromolecule are precisely hybridized. As a result, the thin solid of the metal-assembling dendrimer acts as an excellent organic semiconductor in the hole-transport layer of a light-emitting diode. Metal-assembling DPAs also enhance the electron-transfer reaction as a protein-like catalyst. The DPA having a cobalt porphyrin core-could catalyze the CO2 reduction at an applied overpotential 1.1 V lower than that needed for the catalysis by a model compound of the porphyrin core (CoTPP). Reversible encapsulation/release of multiple irons is also demonstrated as a mimic of the iron storage protein (Ferritin). The switching between these two coordinating states can be completely controlled by the redox states of the iron (FeII/FeIII). The finding of these unique dendritic ligands will afford new insight into molecular design for finely controlled macromolecule–metal hybrid materials.
Hyperconjugative Electron-Delocalization Mechanism Controlling the Conformational Preference of Fluoroacetaldehyde and Methyl Fluoroacetate
Authors: Sahnoun Riadh , Fujimura Yuichi , Kabuto Kuninobu , Takeuchi Yoshio , Noyori Ryoji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
We confirmed by both canonical molecular orbital analysis and the orbital deletion procedure (ODP) that a hyperconjugative electron-delocalization mechanism is the main factor controlling the conformational preference for cis and trans conformations of fluoroacetaldehyde (FAA) and methyl fluoroacetate (MFA). The quantitative analysis based on the ODP approach shows that the effects of hyperconjugation are more important in the cis conformation than in trans conformation.
pH-Dependent Reversible Switching of Fluorescence of Water-Soluble Porphyrin Adsorbed on Mesoporous TiO2 Film
Authors: Fujii Yusuke , Tsukahara Yasunori , Wada Yuji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Changes of the fluorescence spectra of tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS) and tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) chemisorbed on TiO2 film in pH-adjusted water have been investigated. TPPS on TiO2 film in pH 6.5 water showed strong fluorescence, while it hardly emitted in pH 1.6 water, demonstrating a fluorescence switching with dramatic intensity changes in the TPPS–TiO2 system. On the other hand, only small changes in the fluorescence were observed for TCPP adsorbed on TiO2 instead of TPPS, although the changes were reversible. Fluorescence switching observed for TPPS and TCPP only in the adsorbed states on TiO2 are discussed on the basis of quenching of the excitation energy caused by molecular arrangements on TiO2 and photoinduced electron injection of excited porphyrin to TiO2.
Metal–Metal Bonded Diruthenium Unit Axial-Capped by Di-tert-butylphenolate: [Ru2(O2CCH3)2(t-Busal-R′py)2]− (t-Busal-R′py2− = N-(R′-2-pyridyl)-2-oxido-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylaminato; R′ = H, 4-Me, and 5-Me)
Authors: Miyasaka Hitoshi , Izawa Toru , Takaishi Shinya , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Sugiura Ken-ichi , Yamashita Masahiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Three diruthenium compounds, [Na(18-crown-6)(thf)2][Ru2(O2CCH3)2(t-Busalpy)2] (1), [K(18-crown-6)(thf)2][Ru2(O2CCH3)2(t-Busal-4-Mepy)2], (2), and [K(18-crown-6)(thf)(H2O)][K(18-crown-6)(thf)(MeO)][Ru2(O2CCH3)2(t-Busal-5-Mepy)2] (3) (18-crown-6 = 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxocyclooctadecane; 18-crown-6-ether), have been synthesized by the ligand substitution reaction of Ru2(O2CCH3)4Cl with newly prepared tridentate bridging/chelating ligands, N-(2-pyridyl)-2-oxido-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylaminato (t-Busalpy2−), N-(4-methyl-2-pyridyl)-2-oxido-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylaminato (t-Busal-4-Mepy2−), and N-(5-methyl-2-pyridyl)-2-oxido-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylaminato (t-Busal-5-Mepy2−), respectively, and isolated using [Na(18-crown-6)]+ or [K(18-crown-6)]+ as the counter cation. The structural features of the anionic parts are very similar to those of the previously synthesized family of [Ru2(O2CCH3)2(5-Rsalpy)2]− (R = H, Me, Cl, Br, and NO2); two acetate and two t-Busal-R′py2− ligands are respectively located around the Ru2 unit in a trans fashion, where the t-Busal-R′py2− ligand acts as a tridentate ligand having both bridging and chelating characters to form the M–M bridging/axial-chelating mode. Their Ru–Ru bonded core with an electronic configuration of σ2π4δ2(π*δ*)3 is axial-capped by the di-t-butylphenolate groups of the t-Busal-R′py2− ligands, and experiences multi-redox properties: a one-electron reduction to Ru24+ and two one-electron oxidations to Ru26+ followed by Ru27+, in addition to t-Busal-R′py2− ligand-centered redox. The strong electron-donating ability of the t-butyl groups compared with the other R-groups leads to negative shifts of the redox potentials according to the Hammett law.
One-Step Synthesis of a Platinum Nanoparticle with Carbon Materials Using a Phenylazomethine Dendrimer as a Template
Authors: Enoki Osamu , Imaoka Takane , Yamamoto Kimihisa 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A phenylazomethine dendrimer was developed for the one-step preparation of a platinum nanoparticle–carbon nanocomposite. The dendrimer formed a complex with platinum tetrachloride (PtCl4) in a chloroform–acetonitrile mixed solvent. The coordination behavior between the dendrimer and the platinum salts was confirmed by UV–vis and 1H NMR titration experiments. The obtained dendrimer–PtCl4 complexes were pyrolyzed under a nitrogen atmosphere at 1000 °C, and converted to spherical and dispersed platinum nanoparticles on a pyrolytic graphite identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A high resolution TEM (HR-TEM) image of the products showed some lattice fringes attributed to the presence of Pt(111) in the particles, and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of the products corresponded to those of Pt(0). These results indicated that PtCl4 was perfectly converted to metallic platinum through this pyrolysis condition. Raman spectra showed that the dendrimer remained as an amorphous carbon after pyrolysis. The electrode modified with the product showed a catalytic activity for dioxygen reduction, which electrochemically confirmed that part of the carbon was porous enough to let the substrate go through and to reach the platinum surface.
Two New Halogenated Briarane Diterpenes from the Papuan Gorgonian Coral Junceella fragilis
Authors: K. Kubota Natsuki , Kobayashi Yuka , Iwamoto Hajime , Fukazawa Yoshimasa , Uchio Yasuto 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Two new halogenated briarane diterpenes, (−)-2-deacetyljunceellin (1) and (−)-3-deacetyljunceellin (2), and five known diterpenoids, junceellin, praelolide, junceellolide A, B, and D were isolated from the Papuan gorgonian coral Junceella fragilis. The structures of the new metabolites were determined by extensive 2D NMR experiments and by chemical conversion. The absolute configuration of 2 was determined through the 1H NMR study of the corresponding ester with a newly developed chiral auxiliary 3a.
Effect of Boron Addition on the Intrinsic Activity of Al2O3-Supported Cobalt–Tungsten and Cobalt–Molybdenum Sulfide Catalysts for the Hydrodesulfurization of Thiophene
Authors: Usman  , Kubota Takeshi , Okamoto Yasuaki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The effect of boron addition was studied on the intrinsic activity of Al2O3-supported cobalt–molybdenum and cobalt–tungsten sulfide catalysts prepared by a CVD technique using [Co(CO)3NO] as a precursor of Co. The catalysts were characterized by means of NO adsorption and Raman spectroscopy. The intrinsic activity of the catalysts are discussed in terms of the turnover frequency (TOF) of the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene, calculated on the basis of the amount of the Co–Mo(W)–S phase. The intrinsic activity on the Co–Mo–S phase and the Co–W–S phase was increased by the addition of boron in a different way depending on the presulfidation temperature. The addition of a proper amount of boron weakened the interactions between molybdenum (tungsten) oxides and the Al2O3 surface, leading to an increase in the TOF on the Co–Mo–S phase and the Co–W–S phase by a factor of 1.6 and 1.3, respectively, when Mo(W)S2/Al2O3 was presulfided at 673 K. As for the catalyst presulfided at 773 K, the addition of boron increased the TOF on both CVD-Co/MoS2/B/Al2O3 and CVD-Co/WS2/B/Al2O3 by a factor of 1.9. A reverse correlation was observed between the strength of the molybdenum (tungsten) oxides–Al2O3 interactions and the intrinsic activity on the Co–Mo(W)–S phase.
Hydrotalcite-Derived Mg/Al Mixed Oxides as Support Materials for the Friedel–Crafts Catalyst ZnCl2
Authors: Shimada Hiroshi , Nishimura Naohisa 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
ZnCl2 supported on Mg/Al mixed oxides obtained through the thermal decomposition of hydrotalcite showed high catalytic activity in the benzylation of benzene with benzyl chloride at room temperature. The surface properties of hydrotalcite-derived mixed oxides suggested that they increased the catalytic activities of ZnCl2 owing to their high mesoporosity, with pore sizes in the vicinity of 10 nm.
CUG-BP binds to RNA substrates and recruits PARN deadenylase
Authors: Moraes Karen C.M. , Wilusz Carol J. , Wilusz Jeffrey 
Published: April 2006

CUG-BP is the human homolog of the Xenopus EDEN-BP, which was shown previously to bind to mRNAs, such as c-mos, that exhibit rapid deadenylation following fertilization of the oocyte. While several studies have focused on roles of CUG-BP as a splicing or translation regulator in mammalian cells, its role in mRNA decay has not been examined in detail. Here, we have used an in vitro deadenylation assay to dissect the function of CUG-BP in the decay of two ARE-containing mRNAs: c-fos and TNFα. CUG-BP binds specifically to both of these RNAs and stimulates poly(A) shortening by PARN. Moreover, CUG-BP interacts with PARN in extracts by coimmunoprecipitation, and this interaction can be recapitulated using recombinant proteins. CUG-BP, therefore, is the first RNA-binding protein shown to directly recruit a deadenylase to an RNA substrate.
Reference Intervals for Hemoglobin A1c in Pregnant Women: Data from an Italian Multicenter Study
Authors: Mosca Andrea , Paleari Renata , Dalfrà Maria G , Di Cianni Graziano , Cuccuru Ilaria , Pellegrini Giovanni , Malloggi Lucia , Bonomo Matteo , Granata Simona , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Castiglioni Maria T , Songini Marco , Tocco Giuliana , Masin Michela , Plebani Mario , Lapolla Annunziata 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBackground: The reference intervals for hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) in pregnant women without diabetes are not well defined, and few examples of reference intervals established by networks of different laboratories are available.Methods: Five Italian Diabetic Care Units were involved in the study. Data were collected from 445 pregnant women without diabetes, selected on the basis of glucose challenge test results, and from 384 nonpregnant control women. The Hb A1c measurements were performed with HPLC systems aligned to the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Plasma glucose measurements were also performed locally. Both Hb A1c and glucose measurements were harmonized by running appropriate external quality assessment schemes. The reference intervals were calculated in terms of nonparametric 2.5th to 97.5th percentiles with 0.90 confidence intervals.Results: The Hb A1c measurements were reproducible (CV = 2.0%) and accurate [mean (SE) difference from the target values, −0.10 (0.06)%]. Glucose measurements were also reproducible (mean CV = 3.2%) and accurate [difference from the target values, −0.01 (0.04) mmol/L]. To calculate common reference intervals, we merged the data collected in the different centers. The Hb A1c reference intervals were 4.0%–5.5% for pregnant nondiabetic women and 4.8%–6.2% for nonpregnant controls.Conclusions: Healthy pregnant women have lower Hb A1c concentrations than nonpregnant women. The reference intervals for Hb A1c in pregnant women should therefore be lower than those currently in use.
Erythrocyte membrane Na+,K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities in subjects with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677 C→T genotype and moderate hyperhomocysteinaemia. The role of L-phenylalanine and L-alanine
Authors: Schulpis Kleopatra H. , Giannoulia-Karantana Aglaia , Papaconstantinou Evangelos D. , Parthimos Theodore , Tjamouranis Ioanna , Tsakiris Stylianos 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Preanalytical variability: the dark side of the moon in laboratory testing
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Guidi Gian Cesare , Mattiuzzi Camilla , Plebani Mario 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRemarkable advances in instrument technology, automation and computer science have greatly simplified many aspects of previously tedious tasks in laboratory diagnostics, creating a greater volume of routine work, and significantly improving the quality of results of laboratory testing. Following the development and successful implementation of high-quality analytical standards, analytical errors are no longer the main factor influencing the reliability and clinical utilization of laboratory diagnostics. Therefore, additional sources of variation in the entire laboratory testing process should become the focus for further and necessary quality improvements. Errors occurring within the extra-analytical phases are still the prevailing source of concern. Accordingly, lack of standardized procedures for sample collection, including patient preparation, specimen acquisition, handling and storage, account for up to 93% of the errors currently encountered within the entire diagnostic process. The profound awareness that complete elimination of laboratory testing errors is unrealistic, especially those relating to extra-analytical phases that are harder to control, highlights the importance of good laboratory practice and compliance with the new accreditation standards, which encompass the adoption of suitable strategies for error prevention, tracking and reduction, including process redesign, the use of extra-analytical specifications and improved communication among caregivers.
Unusual High Exposure to Ultraviolet‐C Radiation
Authors: Trevisan Andrea , Piovesan Stefano , Leonardi Andrea , Bertocco Matteo , Nicolosi Piergiorgio , Pelizzo Maria Guglielmina , Angelini Annalisa 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACT?1 UV radiation is known to cause acute and chronic eye and skin damage. The present case report describes a 90 min accidental exposure to UV‐C radiation of 26 medical school students. Germicidal lamps were lit due to a malfunctioning of the timer system. Several hours after irradiation exposure, all subjects reported the onset of ocular symptoms, subsequently diagnosed as photokeratitis, and skin damage to the face, scalp and neck. While the ocular symptoms lasted 2–4 days, the sunburn‐like condition produced significant erythema followed by deep skin exfoliation. The irradiation was calculated to be approximately 700 mJ cm−2 absorbed energy, whereas the actual radiation emitted by the lamps was 0.14 mW cm−2 (the radiometric measurements confirmed these calculi, because the effective irradiance measured from the height of the autopsy table to about 1 m under the UV‐C lamp varied from 0.05 to 0.25 mW cm−2) but, more likely, the effective irradiance, according to skin phototype and symptoms, was between 50 and 100 mJ cm−2. The ocular and skin effects produced by such a high irradiation (largely higher than that accepted by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists [ACGIH] threshold limit values [TLVs]) appeared reversible in a relatively short time.