bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The thrombotic risk in Cushing’s syndrome—questions, answers, and the algorithm to consider in its assessment: part I—thrombotic risk not related to surgery
Authors: Bryk-Wiązania Agata Hanna , Minasyan Mari , Świątkowska-Stodulska Renata , Undas Anetta , Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Alicja , Webb Susan M. , Valassi Elena , Gilis-Januszewska Aleksandra 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionRecently, it has been reported that there is a great diversity in strategies used for thromboprophylaxis in patients with Cushing’s syndrome (CS). An aim of this review was to discuss these practices in light of the existing data on the thrombotic risk in patients with CS and guidelines for medically ill patients.MethodsThe four relevant topics and questions on thrombotic risk in CS were identified. The current guidelines on prevention and diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) were reviewed for the answers. An algorithm to consider in the assessment of the thrombotic risk in patients with CS was proposed.ResultsTo address both generic and CS-specific risk factors for VTE, the algorithm includes the stepwise approach consisting of Padua Score, urine free cortisol, and CS-VTE score, with no indication for routine thrombophilia testing in the prediction of an index VTE episode. Having confirmed VTE, selected patients require thrombophilia testing to aid the duration of anticoagulant treatment. The separate part of the algorithm is devoted to patients with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome in whom exclusion of VTE precedes introducing routine thromboprophylaxis to prevent VTE. The cancer-related VTE also prompts thromboprophylaxis, with the possible vessel invasion. The algorithm presents a unifactorial and multifactorial approach to exclude high-bleeding risks and safely introduce thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin.SummaryOur article is the first to present an algorithm to consider in the thrombotic risk assessment among patients with Cushing’s syndrome as a starting point for a broader discussion in the environment. A plethora of factors affect the VTE risk in patients with CS, but no studies have conclusively evaluated the best thromboprophylaxis strategy so far. Future studies are needed to set standards of care.
Sirtuin 1 serum concentration in healthy children - dependence on sex, age, stage of puberty, body weight and diet
Authors: Fedorczak Anna , Lewiński Andrzej , Stawerska Renata 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionSirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is known to be involved in sensing cellular energy levels and regulating energy metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate fasting serum SIRT1 levels in healthy children, and to analyse the influence of age, sex, puberty, body weight, height, and diet on its concentration.Methods47 healthy children aged 4-14 with weight and height within normal range and no chronic disease were included into the study. Fasting serum SIRT1 concentrations were estimated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).ResultsResults showed that serum SIRT1 concentrations in healthy children did not differ with respect to sex, age, height, weight and puberty. Whereas, it appeared that a higher frequency of fruits, vegetables and dairy products consumption was associated with an increase in serum SIRT1 levels.DiscussionStudying SIRT1 in the context of children’s health may have implications for a broader understanding of growth processes, pubertal development, metabolic disorders and nutrition.
Causal relationship between genetically predicted type 2 diabetes mellitus and male infertility
Authors: Fan Cuihua , Zhang Jiandong , Qiu Dongbiao 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) stands as the most prevalent endocrine abnormality affecting the physiological systems and organs and impairing the male reproductive functions. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), accounting for about 90-95% of DM, is closely associated with male infertility. However, the magnitude of the causal relationships between T2DM and male infertility remains unclear. The current investigation was to explore the causal relationship between T2DM and male infertility utilizing the Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis.MethodsA two-sample MR (2SMR) analysis was conducted to investigate the causal relationship between T2DM and male infertility in the European population from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data that was publicly accessible. GWAS for T2DM and male infertility were extracted from the IEU Open GWAS Project database, with the resulting data encompassing 680 cases and 72,799 controls as the outcome data. Five MR methods were employed for the 2SMR analyses, namely the MR-Egger, weighted median estimation (WME), weighted mode (WM), inverse-variance weighted (IVW), and simple mode. The primary analytical technique utilized in this study was the IVW method, and a multivariate MR analysis was executed to examine the potential mediating influences of T2DM on male infertility.ResultsFollowing were the odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% CIs derived from IVW (fixed effects), MR-Egger, WM, WME, and simple mode approaches: 0.824 (95% CI 0.703-0.966), 0.726 (95% CI 0.527-1.001), 0.827 (95% CI 0.596-1.150), 0.841 (95% CI 0.654-1.082), and 0.875 (95% CI 0.544-1.405), respectively. The outcomes of the heterogeneity tests were P=0.378 and P=0.384, respectively, implying no heterogeneity. Egger-intercept outcomes were P=0.374, highlighting the absence of pleiotropy. The stability of the results was affirmed through the leave-one-out analysis. Notably, all F-values surpassed 10, indicating the absence of weak bias attributed to instrument variables(IVs).ConclusionsThis research furnishes evidence supporting a causal association between T2DM and male infertility. These insights offer a foundation for future investigations aiming to establish the association between genetically predicted T2DM and male infertility. These outcomes suggest the significance of active monitoring and proactive measures for preventing infertility in male individuals with T2DM. Furthermore, careful consideration is required for individuals of reproductive age to prevent and treat T2DM.
A lactate metabolism-related signature predicting patient prognosis and immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhu Linhua , Lin Zhuoqun , Wang Kai , Gu Jiaxin , Chen Xiaojing , Chen Ruizhe , Wang Lingfang , Cheng Xiaodong 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionOvarian cancer (OV) is a highly lethal gynecological malignancy with a poor prognosis. Lactate metabolism is crucial for tumor cell survival, proliferation, and immune evasion. Our study aims to investigate the role of lactate metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) in OV and their potential as biomarkers for prognosis, immune microenvironment, and immunotherapy response.MethodsOvarian samples were collected from the TCGA cohort. And 12 lactate-related pathways were identified from the MsigDB database. Differentially expressed genes within these pathways were designated as LMRGs, which undergo unsupervised clustering to identify distinct clusters based on LMRGs. Subsequently, we assessed survival outcomes, immune cell infiltration levels, Hallmaker pathway activation patterns, and chemotaxis among different subtypes. After conducting additional unsupervised clustering based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs), significant differences in the expression of LMRGs between the two clusters were observed. The differentially expressed genes were subjected to subsequent functional enrichment analysis. Furthermore, we construct a model incorporating LMRGs. Subsequently, the lactate score for each tumor sample was calculated based on this model, facilitating the classification of samples into high and low groups according to their respective lactate scores. Distinct groups examined disparities in survival prognosis, copy number variation (CNV), single nucleotide variation (SNV), and immune infiltration. The lactate score served as a quantitative measure of OV's lactate metabolism pattern and an independent prognostic factor.ResultsThis study investigated the potential role of LMRGs in tumor microenvironment diversity and prognosis in OV, suggesting that LMRGs play a crucial role in OV progression and the tumor microenvironment, thus serving as novel indicators for prognosis, immune microenvironment status, and response to immunotherapy.
Mannose enhances intestinal immune barrier function and dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis in mice by regulating intestinal microbiota
Authors: Yang Yi , Ma Qiming , Wang Qingyu , Zhao Lifeng , Liu Hengshan , Chen Yanjun 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) greatly affects human quality of life. Mannose has been reported to be used to treat IBD, but the mechanism is currently unknown.MethodsC57/BL mice were used as research subjects, and the mouse acute colitis model was induced using dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS). After oral administration of mannose, the body weights and disease activity index (DAI) scores of the mice were observed. The colon lengths, histopathological sections, fecal content microbial sequencing, colon epithelial inflammatory genes, and tight junction protein Occludin-1 expression levels were measured. We further used the feces of mice that had been orally administered mannose to perform fecal bacterial transplantation on the mice with DSS-induced colitis and detected the colitis-related indicators.ResultsOral administration of mannose increased body weights and colon lengths and reduced DAI scores in mice with DSS-induced colitis. In addition, it reduced the expression of colon inflammatory genes and the levels of serum inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), further enhancing the expression level of the colonic Occludin-1 protein and alleviating the toxic response of DSS to the intestinal epithelium of the mice. In addition, gut microbial sequencing revealed that mannose increased the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora. Additionally, after using the feces of the mannose-treated mice to perform fecal bacterial transplantation on the mice with DSS-induced colitis, they showed the same phenotype as the mannose-treated mice, and both of them alleviated the intestinal toxic reaction induced by the DSS. It also reduced the expression of intestinal inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and enhanced the expression level of the colonic Occludin-1 protein.ConclusionMannose can treat DSS-induced colitis in mice, possibly by regulating intestinal microorganisms to enhance the intestinal immune barrier function and reduce the intestinal inflammatory response.
Diagnostic accuracy of oral swab for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Fuzhen , Wang Yilin , Zhang Xuxia , Liu Kewei , Shang Yuanyuan , Wang Wei , Liu Yuanyuan , Li Liang , Pang Yu 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesTuberculosis (TB) remains a significant concern in terms of public health, necessitating the timely and accurate diagnosis to impede its advancement. The utilization of oral swab analysis (OSA) presents a promising approach for diagnosing pulmonary TB by identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) within oral epithelial cells. Due to disparities in the diagnostic performance of OSA reported in the original studies, we conducted a meticulous meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the diagnostic efficacy of OSA in pulmonary TB.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive investigation across multiple databases, namely PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), and Wanfang China Science and Technology Journal Database to identify relevant studies. Out search query utilized the following keywords: oral swab, buccal swab, tongue swab, tuberculosis, and TB. Subsequently, we employed STATA 16.0 to compute the combined sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio for both the overall and subgroup analyses.ResultsOur findings indicated that OSA has a combined sensitivity of 0.67 and specificity of 0.95 in individuals with pulmonary TB. Subgroup analysis further revealed that among adult individuals with pulmonary TB, the sensitivity and specificity of OSA were 0.73 and 0.93, respectively. In HIV-negative individuals with pulmonary TB, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.68 and 0.98, respectively. The performance of OSA in detecting pulmonary TB correlated with the bacteria load in sputum. Additionally, the sensitivity for diagnosing pulmonary TB using tongue specimens was higher (0.75, 95% CI: 0.65–0.83) compared to cheek specimens (0.52, 95% CI: 0.34–0.70), while both types of specimens demonstrated high specificity.ConclusionsTo conclude, oral swabs serve as a promising alternative for diagnosing pulmonary TB, especially in adult patients. In addition, tongue swabs yield better sensitivity than cheek swabs to identify pulmonary TB patients.Systematic review registrationidentifier: CRD42023421357.
Metagenomic sequencing identified microbial species in the rumen and cecum microbiome responsible for niacin treatment and related to intramuscular fat content in finishing cattle
Authors: Yang Zhuqing , Chen Xiao , Yu Mingjin , Jing Ruixue , Bao Linbin , Zhao Xianghui , Pan Ke , Chao Bihui , Qu Mingren 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionNiacin is one of the essential vitamins for mammals. It plays important roles in maintaining rumen microecological homeostasis. Our previous study indicated that dietary niacin significantly elevated intramuscular fat content (IMF) in castrated finishing steers. Whether niacin affects fat deposition by regulating the microbial composition and functional capacities of gastrointestinal microbiome has been unknown yet.MethodsIn this study, 16 castrated Xiangzhong Black cattle were randomly assigned into either control group fed with a basal concentrate diet (n = 8) or niacin group fed with a basal concentrate diet added 1000 mg/kg niacin (n = 8). Seven rumen samples and five cecum content samples were randomly collected from each of control and niacin groups for metagenomic sequencing analysis.ResultsA total of 2,981,786 non-redundant microbial genes were obtained from all tested samples. Based on this, the phylogenetic compositions of the rumen and cecum microbiome were characterized. We found that bacteria dominated the rumen and cecum microbiome. Prevotella ruminicola and Ruminococcus flavefaciens were the most abundant bacterial species in the rumen microbiome, while Clostridiales bacterium and Eubacterium rectale were predominant bacterial species in the cecum microbiome. Rumen microbiome had significantly higher abundances of GHs, GTs, and PLs, while cecum microbiome was enriched by CBMs and AAs. We found a significant effect of dietary niacin on rumen microbiome, but not on cecum microbiome. Dietary niacin up-regulated the abundances of bacterial species producing lactic acid and butyrate, fermenting lactic acid, and participating in lipid hydrolysis, and degradation and assimilation of nitrogen-containing compounds, but down-regulated the abundances of several pathogens and bacterial species involved in the metabolism of proteins and peptides, and methane emissions. From the correlation analysis, we suggested that niacin improved nutrient digestion and absorption, but reduced energy loss, and Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation of rumen microbiome, which resulted in the increased host IMF.ConclusionThe results suggested that dietary manipulation, such as the supplementation of niacin, should be regarded as the effective and convenient way to improve IMF of castrated finishing steers by regulating rumen microbiome.
EVA1A, a novel and promising prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer
Authors: Fan Hai-hua , Zhang Hai-jun 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of EVA1A as a prognostic biomarker for Colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsThe study utilized public databases to analyze the difference in Evala mRNA expression between CRC tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Additionallymunohistochemical staining was performed on 90 paired tissue samples to detect EVA1A expression. The relationship between EVA1A and clinicopathological features was examined, and a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were employed to identify prognostic factors affecting the overall survival (OS) of CRC patients.ResultsThe analysis revealed a significant increase in Evala mRNA expression in CRC tumor cells compared to normal controls from public databases (P&lt; 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining further confirmed a significant upregulation of EVA1A expression in CRC tissues (P&lt; 0.05). High EVA1A expression was associated with age, pathological M stage, total tumor stage, and Carbohydrate antigen CA19-9 (CA19-9). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a significant association between high EVA1A expression and poor OS. Univariate and multivariate analysis identified EVA1A as an independent risk factor for CRC prognosis.ConclusionThe study suggests that EVA1A is increased in CRC tumor tissues and may serve as a potential biomarker for poor prognosis in CRC.
Evaluation of physical variables, thermal nociceptive threshold testing and pharmacokinetics during placement of transdermal buprenorphine matrix-type patch in healthy adult horses
Authors: Paranjape Vaidehi V. , Knych Heather K. , Berghaus Londa J. , Cathcart Jessica , Giancola Shyla , Craig Hannah , James Caroline , Saksena Siddharth , Reed Rachel A. 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundMatrix type transdermal buprenorphine patches have not been investigated in horses and may provide an effective means of providing continuous pain control for extended period and eliminating venous catheterization.ObjectiveAssessment of the physiological variables (heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature) and thermal nociceptive threshold testing, and describing the pharmacokinetic profile of transdermal buprenorphine matrix-type patch (20 μg h−1 and 40 μg h−1 dosing) in healthy adult horses.Study designRandomised experimental study with a Latin-square design.MethodsSix adult healthy horses received each of the three treatments with a minimum 10 day washout period. BUP0 horses did not receive a patch (control). BUP20 horses received one patch (20 μg h−1) applied on the ventral aspect of the tail base resulting in a dose of 0.03–0.04 μg kg−1 h−1. BUP40 horses received two patches placed alongside each other (40 μg h−1) on the tail base resulting in a dose of 0.07–0.09 μg kg−1 h−1. Whole blood samples (for determination of buprenorphine concentration), physiological variables and thermal threshold testing were performed before (0 h) and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, and 96 h after patch application. The patches were removed 72 h following placement and were analyzed for residual buprenorphine content.ResultsBetween the three groups, there was no change in physiological variables across timepoints as compared to baseline (p &gt; 0.1). With the higher dose, there was a significant increase in thermal thresholds from baseline values from 2 h until 48 h and these values were significantly higher than the group receiving the lower patch dose for multiple timepoints up to 40 h. 40 μg h−1 patch led to consistent measurable plasma concentrations starting at 2 h up to 96 h, with the mean plasma concentrations of &gt; 0.1 ng/ml from 4 h to 40 h.Conclusions20 μg h−1 and 40 μg h−1 patch doses were well tolerated by all horses. At higher dose, plasma buprenorphine concentrations were more consistently measurable and blunted thermal thresholds for 48 h vs. 32 h with 20 μg h−1 dosing as compared to control.
Seed shape and size of Silene latifolia, differences between sexes, and influence of the parental genome in hybrids with Silene dioica
Authors: Marcel Hubinský , Javier Martín-Gómez José , Emilio Cervantes , Roman Hobza , Jose Luis Rodríguez Lorenzo 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionPlants undergo various natural changes that dramatically modify their genomes. One is polyploidization and the second is hybridization. Both are regarded as key factors in plant evolution and result in phenotypic differences in different plant organs. In Silene, we can find both examples in nature, and this genus has a seed shape diversity that has long been recognized as a valuable source of information for infrageneric classification.MethodsMorphometric analysis is a statistical study of shape and size and their covariations with other variables. Traditionally, seed shape description was limited to an approximate comparison with geometric figures (rounded, globular, reniform, or heart-shaped). Seed shape quantification has been based on direct measurements, such as area, perimeter, length, and width, narrowing statistical analysis. We used seed images and processed them to obtain silhouettes. We performed geometric morphometric analyses, such as similarity to geometric models and elliptic Fourier analysis, to study the hybrid offspring of S. latifolia and S. dioica.ResultsWe generated synthetic tetraploids of Silene latifolia and performed controlled crosses between diploid S. latifolia and Silene dioica to analyze seed morphology. After imaging capture and post-processing, statistical analysis revealed differences in seed size, but not in shape, between S. latifolia diploids and tetraploids, as well as some differences in shape among the parentals and hybrids. A detailed inspection using fluorescence microscopy allowed for the identification of shape differences in the cells of the seed coat. In the case of hybrids, differences were found in circularity and solidity. Overal seed shape is maternally regulated for both species, whereas cell shape cannot be associated with any of the sexes.DiscussionOur results provide additional tools useful for the combination of morphology with genetics, ecology or taxonomy. Seed shape is a robust indicator that can be used as a complementary tool for the genetic and phylogenetic analyses of Silene hybrid populations.