bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the (In)Compatibility of Guilt and Suffering in German Memory1
Authors: Assmann Aleida 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis article analyses the current shift in German memory concerning the issue of German suffering at the end of the Second World War. Contrary to widely held belief, these themes are not novel: German suffering was a topic of discourse immediately after the war in the private and political sphere. What is new in the current context, however, is the intensity of the unexpected return of these issues and their wide social resonance among different classes and generations. With this shift in focus, new memory contests arise. One paradigmatic case is the polarity created between a memory of German guilt and a memory of German suffering as represented by the two popular historians Hannes Heer and Jörg Friedrich; another concerns the (still ongoing) debate around a new centre for flight and expulsion. It is argued that the impasse of recent cultural memory debate typified by Heer and Friedrich can be surpassed by a more complex understanding of the structure of memory. According to this view, various levels of heterogeneous memory can exist side by side if they are contained within a normative frame of generally accepted validity.
Talkin’’Bout My Generation :Memories of 1968 in Recent German Novels
Authors: Shafi Monika 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis article examines the depiction of 1968 in the novel Rot (2001) by Uwe Timm, in the narrative Mein Jahrhundert (1999) by Günter Grass, and in the autobiographical novel Die Brücke vom goldenen Horn (1998) by Emine Sevgi Özdamar, asking to what extent the concept of generation, understood sociologically and symbolically, is useful in analysing West Germany's 1968 generation and its legacy. The three authors display not only contrasting generational, literary and political profiles, they also entertain a different relationship to German mainstream culture. It becomes clear that Özdamar's novel unsettles precisely this dichotomy between the German mainstream and a multicultural niche‐discourse in its intense engagement with the 1968 movement in Germany and Europe. Her text therefore invites us to reconsider the value of the generational parameter in assessing the events of 1968.
Melancholy Competitions: W.G. Sebald Reads Günter Grass and Wolfgang Hildesheimer
Authors: Cosgrove Mary 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis article examines how W.G. Sebald's melancholy understanding of history influences his reading of Günter Grass's Aus dem Tagebuch einer Schnecke und Wolfgang Hildesheimer's Tynset. Sebald pits Grass against Hildesheimer in a melancholy competition which tests the authenticity of 1960s discourse on ‘Trauer’. His criteria for the standard of authentic sadness are obscured, however, by his analysis of the writers’ use of symbols and references from Western writing on melancholy. Going beyond this surface of literary criticism, the article finds that Sebald's understanding and representation of history as melancholy is motivated by complexities of generational affiliation, ethnic identity and historical absenteeism. It is argued that Sebald's preference for what Dominick LaCapra terms the ‘transhistorical’ overlaps with aspects of American trauma theory, and that this tendency, alongside his critique of postwar Germany and his identification with the Jewish victims of history, accounts for his literary judgment in this instance. The article concludes that Sebald's strategy of argumentation favours an understanding of ‘Trauer’ as terminal melancholy, and further, that this register, as distinct from modes of mourning and ‘working‐through’, is the only acceptable discourse in which to commemorate Jewish victims of the Holocaust.
‘Memory Metonymies’: Music and Photography in Ingeborg Bachmann and Monika Maron
Authors: Ben‐Horin Michal 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis article examines two novels that deal with the problem of past representation in German literature: Malina (1971) by Ingeborg Bachmann and Pawels Briefe (1999) by Monika Maron. These novels incorporate either musical or photographic images in a metonymic mode that forms an alternative poetics of memory. Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a part implicitly represents the whole, thus not constituting the ‘thing’ but rather hinting at it. In shaping acoustic as well as visual metonymic manifestations, both Bachmann and Maron create poetics that reveal the partial, fragmented nature of memory regarding the ‘catastrophe’ in Europe. However, the transformation from voice to picture and from anonymous subjects to private family narratives, which might be associated with ‘normalisation’ processes, also indicates a change in dealing with the past, as it is reflected in post‐unification literature.
History, Memory and Montage in Anne Duden's Das Judasschaf
Authors: Ludden Teresa 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis article uses Theodor Adorno's ideas on the role of the artwork and Walter Benjamin's philosophy of history and his concept of ‘Eingedenken’ to examine the types of memory and the modes of remembering the Holocaust in Anne Duden's novel, Das Judasschaf (1985). It focuses on the complex re‐figuring of quotations, images, Renaissance paintings, and documentary materials in order to assess the politics of montage and the presenting of documents which interrupt the flow of the narrative. Analysis of the use of some contemporary historiographical concepts such as identification, empathy and ‘the gap’ feeds into the reading of Duden's text. The argument centres on non‐empathetic remembrance rather than identification with the victims as a more useful way of understanding the types of memory in the text.
The Ethics of Post‐Holocaust Art: Reflections on Redemption and Representation
Authors: Cooke Maeve 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe article deals with ethical questions relating to artistic responses to catastrophe. Its starting point is James E. Young's thesis that post‐Holocaust art must renounce the traditional redemptory promises of art. Against this, drawing on the work of Theodor W. Adorno, it makes the case for art's redemptory dimension. Whereas Young and Adorno disagree with regard to the idea of redemption, they agree in their approval of a certain kind of negative aesthetics. Both writers advocate particular kinds of art as the ethically most appropriate response to catastrophe. The article raises questions concerning the ethical dimension of the kinds of art they advocate. In addition, it warns against hypostasising just one kind of art as the only ethically valid response to catastrophe. Finally, it argues that representational works of art are also important since they offer a particular ethical perspective that can stimulate reflection and debate.
Remembering the Berlin Wall: The Wall Memorial Ensemble Bernauer Strasse
Authors: Knischewski and Gerd , Spittler Ulla 
Published: March 2006

AbstractRemembrance and commemoration of the National Socialist past have always been contentious issues within the political culture of West Germany. After unification this process of ‘coming to terms with the past’ began to include the ‘second German dictatorship’ in the form of the GDR. In the 1990s, GDR remembrance projects mushroomed, mainly centring on the border and the activities of the ‘Stasi’. It is tempting to view these remembrance debates in a Left versus Right, or anti‐fascist versus anti‐totalitarian, analytical framework. A case study of the Berlin Wall Memorial site and ‘Documentation Center’ in Bernauer Strasse shows that remembrance of the Wall indeed has high potential for instrumentalisation in political‐ideological conflicts. However, several other factors have also contributed to the development of this remembrance of the Wall, and its improvised form and content. Apart from an added East–West dimension, there are: the sheer number and diversity of participants and interested parties, the institutional fragmentation of competencies and responsibilities, a ‘psychology of resentment’, the scarcity of resources, the controversial aesthetics of remembrance, accidental factors such as post‐unification property legislation and the opposing roles of two church parishes, shifting political agendas and, finally, the demands of the tourism industry.
Anxiety and the Archive: Constructing Value and Identity in the Pop‐Lit Novels Soloalbum and Generation Golf
Authors: Pye Gillian 
Published: March 2006

AbstractRecently the many angry responses in the German press provoked by examples of so‐called pop literature have testified to the challenge this writing presents to traditional conceptions of the cultural archive. By toying with the notions of transience and durability, the pop‐lit pose raises questions about the boundary between rubbish and the perennially valuable. Moreover, by focusing on the now as it becomes history –‘gerade, eben, jetzt’– it questions the relationship of literature to the past, reflecting a post‐memory generation's obsession with archiving the present. Florian Ilies's Generation Golf (2000) and Benjamin von Stuckrad Barre's Soloalbum (1998) are high‐profile examples of mainstream German pop literature of the late nineties. Critical commentators have tended to write off these texts as trash without assessing them on their own terms. This discussion considers Ilies's and von Stuckrad‐Barre's texts as provocative impulses which challenge literature to deal with the impact of consumer culture on the construction of identity.
Large cava septi pellucidi in schizophrenic patients, alcoholics, head-traumatized, and normal individuals: morpholgical features and forensic implications. A postmortem study
Authors: Filipovic B. , Ilankovic N. , Radonjic V. , Filipovic B. , Nikolic V. 
Published: March 2006

Background:The enlarged cava septi pellucidi (CSP = 6 mm in length) have been reported as a reliable marker of an underlying neuropsychiatric disease or disorder. Differences in the dimensions of cava longer than 6 mm associated with a neuropsychiatric impairment could be of possible clinical and forensic significance.Methods:We obtained 479 brains from autopsied persons (310 males and 169 females, aged 22–89 years) and observed that 110 brains (75 males and 35 females) had CSP, of which the length of CSP was equal to or longer than 6 mm on 69 (49 males and 20 females) of them. These cava were classified into four groups depending on the past medical histories of the autopsied person: five without neuropsychiatric history (asymptomatic CSP), 25 schizophrenic patients, 22 alcoholics, and 17 with a past head trauma (symptomatic CSP).Results:The linear parameters of CSP (i.e. length, width) of the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups were measured and were statistically analyzed. Analysis revealed that the cava in the group of schizophrenic patients were significantly longer and wider.Conclusions:Discriminant function analysis was used to derive a mathematical formula to classify CSP into one of the groups obtained based on width measurements of the cavum.
An open trial of Omega-3 fatty acids for depression in pregnancy
Authors: Freeman Marlene P. , Hibbeln Joseph R. , Wisner Katherine L. , Watchman Marcy , Gelenberg Alan J. 
Published: March 2006

Objective:In this flexible-dose, open-label trial, we examined the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of depression during pregnancy.Methods:Fifteen pregnant women with major depressive episodes participated. Subjects initially received two capsules per day [0.93 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)]; the dose could be increased by one capsule per day every 2 weeks to a maximal dose of 2.8 g. Subjects were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD).Results:Average duration of participation in this treatment trial was 8.3 weeks (SD ± 7.1). Average final dose of EPA + DHA in this flexible dose trial was 1.9 g per day (±0.5). The mean reduction in EPDS scores was 40.9% (SD ± 21.9); the mean decrease in HRSD score was 34.1% (SD ± 27.1).Conclusions:This open trial provides data to support the need for randomized controlled dose-finding trials of omega-3 fatty acids in major depressive episodes during pregnancy.
A variant of Capgras syndrome with delusional conviction of inanimate doubles in a patient with grandmal epilepsy
Authors: Nejad Alireza Ghaffari , Toofani Khatereh 
Published: March 2006

Background:Capgras syndrome is the most common type of delusional misidentification syndromes. In this phenomenon, the patient believes the delusional conviction that a familiar person has been replaced by imposters. Capgras syndrome was thought to occur in psychotic and organic contexts. It has some rare variants. In one of these rare variants, the patient has the delusion of inanimate doubles. There are reports which regard the relationship between Capgras syndrome and epilepsy as a contributing factor. We present a case of grandmal epilepsy with psychotic features including delusion of inanimate doubles.Methods:A single case is reported.Case history:A 55-year-old woman with long-time history of grandmal epilepsy developed psychosis 3 months prior to her psychiatric referral. She believed that her sons replaced her possessions and furniture continuously. There was no history of previous psychiatric illness, and also there was no evidence of any other organic disorder.Conclusion:Previous reports showed Capgras phenomenon as a clinical presentation in epileptic patients. We show that the delusion of doubles of inanimate objects as a variant of Capgras syndrome could also be a clinical presentation in epileptic patients.
A case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis presenting as depression
Authors: Datta Soumitra Shankar , Jacob Rajesh , Kumar Sudhir , Jeyabalan Susan 
Published: March 2006

Summary:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is rare in adult patients. Clinical presentation in intial phases of SSPE may be non-specific leading to diagnostic delay. We present a 24-year-old patient with depressive syndrome of five months' duration prior to the onset of typical features of SSPE, which is a rare presentation. This patient had responded partially to Sertraline, for a brief period, before he was diagnosed to have SSPE. This case illustrates affective symptoms can be the presenting features of SSPE in adults.
Markers for depression in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: van Winkel Ruud , Leentjens Albert F. G. , Verhey Frans R. J. 
Published: March 2006

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate whether risk factors for depression in the general population are also markers for depression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to identify additional disease-specific markers for depression in AD.Patients and methods:A logistic model of five risk factors for depression in the general population was constructed using the data of 217 patients with AD, of whom 63 (29%) suffered from major depressive disorder. In a next step, five potential disease-specific markers were individually added to this model to see whether the strength and predictive power of the model would improve.Results:The multivariate model of five risk factors for depression in the general population was not a good model to predict depression in AD. In this multivariate approach, only ‘a history of depression’ was an independent marker for depression. The only disease-specific variable that improved the logistic model was ‘disability due to AD’. An interaction between these two markers became apparent.Conclusions:Of the established risk factors for depression in the general population, only ‘a history of depression’ was found to be an independent marker for depression in AD. ‘Disability due to AD’ was the only disease-related marker for depression in AD, although this marker cannot be considered specific for AD. The importance of controlling for general risk factors for depression in the search for disease-specific markers for depression in AD is stressed.
The usefulness of experience sampling in understanding the urge to move in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Pieters G. , Vansteelandt K. , Claes L. , Probst M. , Van Mechelen I. , Vandereycken W. 
Published: March 2006

Background:Physical hyperactivity has often been described in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients but up until now in-depth research has been scarce. Experience sampling methodology (ESM), a structured diary technique assessing momentary mental state at random times during the day, may be useful in studying hyperactivity in AN.Methods:In two single case reports, ESM was used to investigate the variation across time of the urge to move in relation to potentially relevant eliciting conditions such as positive and negative emotions, weight preoccupation and attractiveness.Results:Frequency distribution of the involved variables indicated substantial individual differences between patients. While both patients' tendency to be hyperactive was positively related to their weight preoccupation and negative emotions, in only one patient, the urge to move turned out to be significantly related to (the absence of) positive emotions.Conclusions:ESM can be useful to test whether general theories of psychopathology apply to specific patients, and it may be conceived as an individually tailored approach to self-monitoring. As such, it may guide the clinician to devise therapeutic interventions in particular patients.
Verbal fluency in Parkinson's disease: results of a 2-min fluency test
Authors: Scholtissen B. , Dijkstra J. , Reithler J. , Leentjens A. F. G. 
Published: March 2006

Background:Patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) are often reported to have an impaired performance on tests measuring executive functioning, such as fluency tasks.Aim:To investigate whether verbal fluency is impaired in PD patients (n = 25) compared with healthy controls (n = 15) using a 2-min semantic and phonemic verbal fluency test. A 2-min version of the fluency task was used to allow for more switches between clusters to study retrieval strategies more adequately.Results:No differences in performance on both semantic and phonemic fluency tasks between the PD patients and the control persons were found. Moreover, both groups appeared to use the same retrieval strategies.Conclusion:Patients suffering from PD appear to use the same strategies for producing words as healthy controls do. Different pathways may be involved in switching clusters during the fluency task than in other types of switching that may be impaired in PD, such as motor switching and concept-shifting.
Evaluation of event-related potentials in Klinefelter syndrome and idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
Authors: Ulas Umit H. , Bolu Erol , Unlu-Alanoglu Ece , Kutukcu Yasar , Ozdag M. Fatih , Odabasi Zeki , Ozata Metin , Sanisoglu S. Yavuz , Vural Okay 
Published: March 2006

Background:Many studies have evaluated patients with idiopathic hypogonadothropic hypogonadotropism (IHH), but few of these studies utilize event-related potentials (P300).Aims:To assess the cognitive functions of hypergonadotropic vs. hypogonadotropic patients.Settings and design:The study group consisted of 41 untreated IHH patients, 32 untreated Klinefelter syndrome (KS) patients, and 30 healthy control subjects.Methods and material:In this study, the latency and amplitude of P300 was evaluated in 41 untreated IHH and 32 untreated KS patients and compared to healthy control subjects (average age: 30 years). Also evaluated were the patients' hormone levels.Results and conclusions:In this study, the amplitude of P300 was found to be reduced, and the latency prolonged in IHH patients in comparison to KS patients and control subjects. In KS patients, there was no difference in latency of P300, but the amplitude was reduced when compared with the control group. Cognitive dysfunction in patients with hypogonadotropism is related to androgen hormone levels. This deficiency can affect development of the central nervous system (CNS), causing defects of CNS to varying degrees during the perinatal period. Androgen deficiency is considered to exert its effects during the period of cognitive ability development, manifest in IHH patients but not KS patients.
Neurocognitive functions in pathological gambling: a comparison with alcohol dependence, Tourette syndrome and normal controls
Authors: Goudriaan Anna E. , Oosterlaan Jaap , De Beurs Edwin , Van Den Brink Wim 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTAims  Neurocognitive functions in pathological gambling have relevance for the aetiology and treatment of this disorder, yet are poorly understood. This study therefore investigated neurocognitive impairments of executive functions in a group of carefully screened Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV (DSM‐IV‐TR) pathological gamblers. Performance was compared to a group of normal control participants. To study the specificity of these neurocognitive deficits, a substance dependence group (alcohol dependence) and an impulse control disorder group (Tourette syndrome) were included.Design  Cross‐sectional study.Setting  Addiction and general mental health treatment centres.Participants  Forty‐nine pathological gamblers, 48 abstinent alcohol‐dependent patients, 46 participants with Tourette syndrome and 49 normal control participants.Measurements  A comprehensive neuropsychological battery measuring executive functions as well as basic cognitive functions.Findings  Both the pathological gambling and the alcohol dependent groups were characterized by diminished performance on inhibition, time estimation, cognitive flexibility and planning tasks. The Tourette syndrome group showed deficits only on inhibition tasks. Basic cognitive functions were intact in all clinical groups. Comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, antisocial personality disorder and nicotine dependence influenced the impaired functions of the clinical groups only minimally.Conclusions  Carefully screened groups of pathological gamblers and alcohol dependents were characterized by diminished executive functioning, suggesting a dysfunction of frontal lobe circuitry in these disorders. The resemblance between the pathological gambling group and the alcohol dependence group suggests a common neurocognitive aetiology for these disorders. Psychosocial treatment of these disorders could benefit from assessing and targeting deficits in executive functions, as they probably influence the course of these disorders negatively.