bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats: the role of iron overload and aquaporin 4
Authors: Qing Wang Gai , Dong Yang Qi , Ping Tang Qing , Lai Li Guang , Fang Li Dong , Min Hu Wei , Xia Lian , Heng Pei Yu 
Published: November 2008

Object
Brain edema formation following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) appears to be partly related to erythrocyte lysis and hemoglobin release. An increase of brain water content was associated with an increase of brain iron, which is an erythrocyte degradation product. Expression of AQP4 is highly modified in several brain disorders, and it can play a key role in cerebral edema formation. However, the question whether AQP4 is regulated by drugs lacks reliable evidence, and the interacting roles of iron overload and AQP4 in brain edema after ICH are unknown. The goal of this study was to clarify the relationship between iron overload and AQP4 expression and to characterize the effects of the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) on delayed brain edema after experimental ICH.

Methods
A total of 144 Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 250 and 300 g were used in this work. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups. The ICH models (Group C) were generated by injecting 100 μl autologous blood stereotactically into the right caudate nucleus; surgical control rats (Group B) were generated in a similar fashion, by injecting 100 μl saline into the right caudate nucleus. Intervention models (Group D) were established by intraperitoneal injection of DFO into rats in the ICH group. Healthy rats (Group A) were used for normal control models. Brain water content, iron deposition, and AQP4 in perihematomal brain tissue were evaluated over the time course of the study (1, 3, 7, and 14 days) in each group.

Results
Iron deposition was found in the perihematomal zone as early as the 1st day after ICH, reaching a peak after 7 days and remaining at a high level thereafter for at least 14 days following ICH. Rat brain water content around the hematoma increased progressively over the time course, reached its peak at Day 3, and still was evident at Day 7 post-ICH. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that AQP4 was richly expressed over glial cell processes surrounding microvessels in the rat brain; there was upregulation of the AQP4 expression in perihematomal brain during the observation period, and it reached maximum at 3 to 7 days after ICH. The changes of brain water content were accompanied by an alteration of AQP4. The application of the iron chelator DFO significantly reduced iron overload, brain water content, and AQP4 level in the perihematomal area compared with the control group.

Conclusions
Iron overload and AQP4 may play a critical role in the formation of brain edema after ICH. In addition, AQP4 expression was affected by iron concentration. Importantly, treatment with DFO significantly reduced brain edema in rats and inhibited the AQP4 upregulation after ICH. Deferoxamine may be a potential therapeutic agent for treating ICH.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal schwannoma: tumor control and functional preservation
Authors: Kano Hideyuki , Niranjan Ajay , Kondziolka Douglas , Flickinger John C. , Lunsford L. Dade 
Published: November 2008

Object
To evaluate outcome predictors after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in patients with trigeminal schwannomas, the authors compared tumor control, functional preservation, and complications with tumor grade, tumor volume, patient age, and tumor imaging characteristics.

Methods
The records of 33 consecutive patients with trigeminal schwannoma treated via Gamma Knife surgery were retrospectively reviewed. The median patient age was 49.5 years (range 15.1–82.5 years). Eleven patients had undergone prior tumor resection. Two patients had neurofibromatosis Type 2. Lesions were classified as root type (6 tumors), ganglion type (17 tumors), and dumbbell type (10 tumors) based on their location. The median radiosurgery target volume was 4.2 cm3 (range 0.5–18.0 cm3), and the median dose to the tumor margin was 15.0 Gy (range 12–20 Gy).

Results
At an average of 6 years (range 7.2–147.9 months), the rate of progression-free survival (PFS) at 1, 5, and 10 years after SRS was 97.0, 82.0, and 82.0%, respectively. Factors associated with improved PFS included female sex, smaller tumor volume, and a root or ganglion tumor type. Neurological symptoms or signs improved in 11 (33.3%) of 33 patients and were unchanged in 19 (57.6%). Three patients (9.1%) had symptomatic disease progression. Patients who had not undergone a prior tumor resection were significantly more likely to show improvement in neurological symptoms or signs.

Conclusions
Stereotactic radiosurgery is an effective and minimally invasive management option in patients with residual or newly diagnosed trigeminal schwannomas. Predictors of a better treatment response included female sex, smaller tumor volume, root or ganglion tumor type, and the application of SRS as the primary treatment.
Traumatic clival subdural hematoma in an adult
Authors: Casey David , Chaudhary Bedansh Roy , Leach Paul A. , Herwadkar Amit , Karabatsou Konstantina 
Published: November 2008

Retroclival hematomas are a rare entity. They are usually associated with significant trauma, and patients frequently have focal neurological deficits, especially cranial nerve palsies. Previous case reports of epidural clival hematomas have been described almost exclusively in the pediatric population. The authors report a unique case of traumatic clival subdural hematoma, which has never been described in an adult except in the context of hemophilia.
An 18-year-old man presented with continuing nausea and headaches following a seemingly trivial head injury. He was found to have a posterior fossa retroclival hematoma extending into the spinal subdural space but without any neurological deficits. He was treated conservatively, with a good outcome. The authors discuss the possible mechanisms of injury, management, and complications related to this rare condition, and they review the pertinent literature.
Grooming, rank, and agonistic support in tufted capuchin monkeys
Authors: Schino Gabriele , Di Giuseppe Francesca , Visalberghi Elisabetta 
Published: November 2008

AbstractStudies investigating the relation between allogrooming and social rank in capuchin monkeys (genusCebus) have yielded inconsistent results. In this study, we investigated the relation between grooming, agonistic support, aggression and social rank in a captive group of tufted capuchin monkeys (C. apella). Differently from most previous studies, we based our analyses on a relatively large database and studied a group with known genealogical relationships. Tufted capuchin females did not exchange grooming for rank‐related benefits such as agonistic support or reduced aggression. Coherently with this picture, they did not groom up the hierarchy and did not compete for accessing high‐ranking grooming partners. It is suggested that a small group size, coupled with a strong kin bias, may make the exchange of grooming for rank‐related benefits impossible or unprofitable, thus eliminating the advantages of grooming up the hierarchy. We provide several possible explanations for the heterogeneity of results across capuchin studies that have addressed similar questions. Am. J. Primatol. 71:101–105, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tribological behavior of Kevlar fabric composites filled with nanoparticles
Authors: Guo Fang , Zhang Zhaozhu , Zhang Huijuan , Liu Weimin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe friction and wear characteristics of ZnO‐ or montmorillonite‐nanoparticle‐filled Kevlar fabric composites with different filler proportions when sliding against stainless steel pins under dry friction conditions were studied, with unfilled Kevlar fabric composites used as references. The worn surface and transfer film of Kevlar fabric composites were then examined with a scanning electron microscope. It was found that ZnO and montmorillonite as fillers could improve the tribological behavior of the Kevlar fabric composites with various applied loads, and the best antiwear property was obtained with the composites containing 5 wt % ZnO or montmorillonite. This indicated that these nanoparticles could prevent the destruction of Kevlar fabric composites during the friction process. The transfer film established by these nanoparticles during the sliding wear of the composites against their metallic counterpart made contributions to reducing the friction coefficient and wear rate of the Kevlar fabric composites measured in the test. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Children's health risk assessment: incorporating a lifestage approach into the risk assessment process
Authors: Brown Rebecca C. , Barone Stanley , Kimmel Carole A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis overview paper provides the historical context for the incorporation of lifestage‐specific concerns in human health risk assessment, briefly explains the process employed in a lifestage framework for risk assessment, and discusses the scientific rationale for how utilizing lifestage data will strengthen the overall risk assessment process. This risk assessment approach will add value by: (1) providing a more complete evaluation of the potential for vulnerability at different lifestages, including a focus on the underlying biological events and incorporation of mode of action information related to different critical developmental periods; (2) evaluating the potential for toxicity during all lifestages after early lifestage exposure; (3) reviewing the importance of integrating exposure information and adverse health effects across lifestages; and (4) serving as a basis to extend some aspects of the children's health risk assessment framework to all lifestages. Birth Defects Res (Part B), 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applying innovative educational principles when classes grow and resources are limited
Authors: Omer Selma , Hickson Gilles , Taché Stephanie , Blind Raymond , Masters Susan , Loeser Helen , Souza Kevin , Mkony Charles , Debas Haile , O'Sullivan Patricia 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTeaching to large classes is often challenging particularly when the faculty and teaching resources are limited. Innovative, less staff intensive ways need to be explored to enhance teaching and to engage students. We describe our experience teaching biochemistry to 350 students at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) under severe resource limitations and highlight our efforts to enhance the teaching effectiveness. We focus on peer assisted learning and present three pilot initiatives that we developed to supplement teaching and facilitate student interaction within the classroom. These included; instructor‐facilitated small group activities within large group settings, peer‐led tutorials to provide supplemental teaching and peer‐assisted instruction in IT skills to enable access to online biochemistry learning resources. All our efforts were practical, low cost and well received by our learners. They may be applied in many different settings where faculties face similar challenges.
XX Through‐Cage Bonding in Cu, Ni, and Cr Complexes with M3X2 Cores (X=S, As)
Authors: Carrasco Rosa , Aullón Gabriel , Alvarez Santiago 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDensity functional calculations on trinuclear complexes bridged by two sulfur atoms, [(tmeda)3Cu3(μ‐S)2]3+, [(tmeda)3Ni3(μ‐S)2]2+, and [(tmeda)3Ni3(μ‐S2)]4+, as well as on the formation of [(tmeda)3Cu3(μ‐S)2]3+ from a dinuclear [(tmeda)2Cu2(μ‐S2)]2+ complex and a mononuclear [(tmeda)Cu(η2‐S2)]+ fragment, are reported. A qualitative orbital analysis of the M3X2 framework bonding is presented for the case in which each metal atom M has a square planar coordination sphere completed by one bidentate or two monodentate ligands (that is, [(L2M)3X2] compounds). It is concluded that a framework electron count (FEC) of 12 corresponds to systems with six MX bonds but no XX bond through the cage, while an FEC of 10 favors the formation of an XX bond. Framework electron counting rules are also presented for related M3X2 cores in [(L5M)3X2] complexes, based on a qualitative molecular orbital (MO) analysis supported by DFT calculations on [(OC)15Cr3(μ‐As2)].
Norcantharidin Analogues: Synthesis, Anticancer Activity and Protein Phosphatase 1 and 2A Inhibition
Authors: Hill Timothy A. , Stewart Scott G. , Gordon Christopher P. , Ackland Stephen P. , Gilbert Jayne , Sauer Benjamin , Sakoff Jennette A. , McCluskey Adam 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCantharidin (1) and its derivatives are of significant interest as serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2A inhibitors. Additionally, compounds of this type have displayed growth inhibition of various tumour cell lines. To further explore both of these inhibition pathways, a number of amide–acid norcantharidin analogues (15–26) were prepared. Compounds23and24, containing two carboxylic acid residues, showed good PP1 and PP2A activity, with IC50values of ∼15 and ∼3 μm,respectively. Substituted aromatic amide analogues45,48,49,52,53, and54also displayed good PP1 and PP2A inhibition, with IC50values in the range of 15–10 μM(PP1) and 11–5 μM(PP2A). However, bulkyorthosubstituents on the aromatic ring caused the aromatic ring to be skewed from the NCO planarity, leading to a decrease in PP1 and PP2A inhibition. A number of analogues,20,22, 25and46, showed excellent tumour growth inhibition, with46in particular being more potent than the lead, norcantharidin2.
Reactions of Hydrazines with AlH3·NMe2Et – Formation of Aluminum‐Nitrogen Heterocycles
Authors: Uhl Werner , Vogelpohl Andreas 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTreatment of the alane–amine adduct AlH3·NMe2Et with 1,2‐diphenylhydrazine, H5C6–N(H)–N(H)–C6H5, afforded a five‐membered Al2N3 heterocycle (1) by the elimination of hydrogen and partial cleavage of N–N bonds. The structure of 1 comprises two aluminum atoms bridged by a dianionic diphenylhydrazinediido (–H5C6–N–N–C6H5–) and an imido ligand (H5C6–N2–). Each aluminum atom is further attached to a terminal hydrogen atom and a (ethyl)dimethylamino group. 1‐Aminopyrrole, H2N–NC4H4 gave a singular tricyclic cage compound (2) under similar conditions. The amino groups were completely deprotonated. N–N bond cleavage was not observed. Compound 2 possesses a central Al2N2 ring. Its nitrogen atoms are bridged by an Al2N group, whereas an N2Al group bridges both aluminum atoms. All nitrogen atoms are part of N–N bonds, and all metal atoms are further bonded to terminal hydrogen atoms. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
The Chemistry of Technetium–Water Complexes within the Manganese Triad: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Alberto Roger 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe chemistry of technetium is essentially driven by radiopharmaceutical applications. These comprise the syntheses of novel complexes but, moreover, the combination of targeting biomolecules with metal complexes. Aqua ions are especially convenient for facilitatating the introduction of metal cations into biomolecules, but are nonexistent for Tc and Re in the Mn triad. This microreview will discuss the chemistry of those Tc complexes that contain H2O as ligands. Special attention will be payed to organometallic aqua ions, i.e. complexes that are typically organometallic with water as ligand. Of particular interest is the coordination chemistry of [M(OH2)3(CO)3]+ (M = Mn, Tc, Re) complexes in water since it is the origin of the widely applied radiopharmaceutical research with 99mTc and 188Re. The chemistry of organometallic aqua ions is not confined to Werner‐type ligands, hence, a further emphasis will be placed on pure organometallic chemistry in water.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
An Overview of Syntheses of Apogalanthamine Analogues and 7‐Aza Derivatives of Steganacin and Steganone (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 35/2008)
Authors: Appukkuttan Prasad , Van der Eycken Erik 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe cover picture shows flowers belonging to the crinum family, a member of the well‐known amaryllidaceae family, in the background. A number of naturally occurring alkaloids with very intriguing biological potential have been isolated from the amaryllidaceae family of flowers. The structures shown in the foreground of the cover picture are some representative examples of amaryllidaceae alkaloids, such as narciclassine, hippadine, lycorine etc., as well as a few unnatural analogues bearing close structural similarity to some of the amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Details of some of the structures and the recent advances in the synthesis of some of the unnatural and yet structurally similar alkaloid analogues are presented in the Microreview by P. Appukkuttan and E. Van der Eycken on p. 5867ff.
How potent are news reversals?: Evidence from the futures markets
Authors: Chatrath Arjun , Christie‐David Rohan A. , Lee Kiseop 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA theoretical model is presented, which predicts a heightening in return volatility following a news reversal. A reversal occurs when a value of an economic indicator that is larger than the forecasted value is followed in the following month by a value smaller than the forecasted value, or vice versa. The model also suggests that the effects of a news reversal will be more pronounced early in the monthly macroeconomic news cycle. The predictions of the model for trading activity are less clear. The main predictions of the model were tested employing intraday data for the nearby Treasury bond futures contract. Consistent with the model, the data show significantly greater responses in volatility per standard‐deviation surprise when there is a news reversal, than otherwise. Further, the increased sensitivity in volatility is especially perceptible early in the announcement cycle. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:42–73, 2009
A likelihood ratio test of population Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium for case‐control studies
Authors: Yu Chang , Zhang Sanguo , Zhou Chuan , Sile Saba 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTesting Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in the control group is commonly used to detect genotyping errors in genetic association studies. We propose a likelihood ratio test for testing HWE in the study population using both case and control samples. This test incorporates underlying association models. Another feature is that, when we infer the disease‐genotype association, we explicitly incorporate HWE or a possible departure from Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium (DHWE) into the model. Our unified framework enables us to infer the disease‐genotype association when a detected DHWE needs to be part of the model after causes for the DHWE are explored. Real data sets are used to illustrate the application of the methodology and its implication in genetic association studies. Our analysis and interpretation touch on issues such as genotyping errors, population selection, population stratification, or the study sampling plan, that all could be the cause of DHWE. Genet. Epidemiol. 2009. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ecogeographic genetic epidemiology
Authors: Sloan Chantel D. , Duell Eric J. , Shi Xun , Irwin Rebecca , Andrew Angeline S. , Williams Scott M. , Moore Jason H. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractComplex diseases such as cancer and heart disease result from interactions between an individual's genetics and environment, i.e. their human ecology. Rates of complex diseases have consistently demonstrated geographic patterns of incidence, or spatial “clusters” of increased incidence relative to the general population. Likewise, genetic subpopulations and environmental influences are not evenly distributed across space. Merging appropriate methods from genetic epidemiology, ecology and geography will provide a more complete understanding of the spatial interactions between genetics and environment that result in spatial patterning of disease rates. Geographic information systems (GIS), which are tools designed specifically for dealing with geographic data and performing spatial analyses to determine their relationship, are key to this kind of data integration. Here the authors introduce a new interdisciplinary paradigm, ecogeographic genetic epidemiology, which uses GIS and spatial statistical analyses to layer genetic subpopulation and environmental data with disease rates and thereby discern the complex gene‐environment interactions which result in spatial patterns of incidence.Genet. Epidemiol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors related to perceived quality of life in patients with Alzheimer's disease: the patient's perception compared with that of caregivers
Authors: Conde‐Sala Josep Lluís , Garre‐Olmo Josep , Turró‐Garriga Oriol , López‐Pousa Secundino , Vilalta‐Franch Joan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAimsTo compare care recipient and caregiver perceptions of quality of life in patients (QoL‐p) with Alzheimer's disease (AD). To identify associated factors, and the concordances‐discrepancies.MethodCross‐sectional analytic study of 236 patients and their carers using the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QoL‐AD) scale, socio‐demographic data and clinical examination.ResultsPatients scored the QoL‐AD more favourably than did caregivers (34.4vs31.3,p < 0.001). Cognitive deterioration did not affect the perception of QoL‐AD (rho = −0.05,p = 0.394). The neuropsychiatric symptoms was associated with a negative perception of the QOL‐AD in both patients (rho = −0.22,p < 0.01) and caregivers (rho = −0.47,p < 0.001). Greater functional autonomy was associated with a better perception of the QOL‐AD in patients (rho = 0.17,p < 0.01) and even more so in caregivers (rho = 0.56,p < 0.001). In carers, burden (rho = −0.56,p < 0.001) and mental health (rho = 0.31,p < 0.001) were inversely associated with the QoL‐AD. QoL‐AD scores of both patients and caregivers were higher for men, married subjects, those who lived with their spouse and those living in their own home. When the carer was a spouse both patients and caregivers scored the QoL‐AD higher than when the carer was a son or daughter (35.5vs33.4 and 33.7; 32.9vs30.5 and 27.7,p < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients have a better perception of QoL‐p. Caregivers give a more negative evaluation of neuropsychiatric symptoms, but have a more positive view of functional autonomy. Carers who are spouses have a better perception of QoL‐p than do carers who are sons or daughters. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TNM‐based stage groupings in head and neck cancer: Application in cancer of the hypopharynx
Authors: Hall Stephen F. , Groome Patti A. , Irish Jonathan , O'Sullivan Brian 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground.The purpose of this study was to test the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC)/TNM category–based head and neck cancer stage grouping systems proposed in the literature for their ability to create clinically relevant prognostic groups of like‐patients with cancer of the hypopharynx.Methods.Population‐based retrospective survival study of 595 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx across Ontario, Canada, from January 1990 to January 2000. The grouping systems of UICC/TNM, T and N Integer Score (TANIS), Hart, Berg, Snyderman, Kiricuta, and Hall were tested and compared for prognostic ability using hazard consistency, hazard discrimination, percent variance explained, outcome prediction, and balance.Results.All 8 systems predicted disease‐specific survival. The system proposed by Snyderman performed the best, and UICC/TNM sixth edition did not perform as well as most.Conclusion.The UICC/TNM stage group classification, although successful in creating statistically distinct groups, did not perform as well as other stage grouping systems, continuing a theme that has been reported previously. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009