bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Perioperative Catheter Utilization by Surgical Procedure Type in the United States, 2010 – 2017: Evidence from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Authors: Anderton Priscilla D. , Waddimba Anthony C. , Ogola Gerald O. , Ramsay Michael A. , Kim Bryan , Thoreson Gregory R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndwelling urethral catheters are regularly used in the operative setting to monitor urinary output, decompress the bladder, or manage post-operative urinary retention. Indwelling urethral catheterization can be associated with significant complications, such as nosocomial infections and urethral trauma, hence the contemporary national and institutional efforts to reduce indwelling urethral catheter usage.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to investigate national trends in perioperative catheter usage across surgical procedure categories.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of adults who received indwelling urethral catheters during elective surgical procedures performed in United States (U.S.) hospitals during 2010-2017. We utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) procedure codes to identify surgical procedure types and insertions of indwelling urethral catheters. Yearly catheterization rates were utilized to assess significant differences in nationwide temporal trends.ResultsWe sampled 81,128,725 perioperative catheterizations across twelve procedure categories. When specific categories were examined separately, the annual proportion of procedures utilizing catheterizationdecreasedfor eye (−0.05% [95% CI, -0.10%; -0.02%], p-value 0.013), musculoskeletal (−0.04% [95% CI, -0.09%; 0.003%] p-value 0.063), and urinary system surgeries (−0.54% [95% CI, -0.76%; -0.33%] p-value 0.001). The proportion that utilized urethral cathetersincreasedannually for female reproductive (+0.05% [95% CI, 0.04%; 0.07%] p-value <0.001), male reproductive (+0.31% [95% CI, 0.18%; 0.44%] p-value 0.001), and respiratory system surgeries (0.08% [95% CI, 0.02%; 0.13%] p-value 0.015). When all operative procedures were examined together, the overall annual proportion involving urethral catheterization did not significantly vary during 2010-2017.ConclusionDespite wide dissemination of clinical guidelines and institutional efforts to reduce catheterizations, we observed no significant changes in the overall proportion of all surgical procedures (irrespective of procedure category) that utilized urethral catheters during our study period.
Do the Health Benefits of Boiling Drinking Water Outweigh the Negative Impacts of Increased Indoor Air Pollution Exposure?
Authors: Floess Emily , Ercumen Ayse , Harris Angela , Grieshop Andrew P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundBillions of the world’s poorest households are faced with the lack of access to both safe drinking water and clean cooking. One solution to microbiologically contaminated water is boiling, often promoted without acknowledging the additional risks incurred from indoor air degradation from using solid fuels.ObjectivesThis modeling study explores the tradeoff of increased air pollution from boiling drinking water under multiple contamination and fuel use scenarios typical of low-income settings.MethodsWe calculated the total change in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from indoor air pollution (IAP) and diarrhea from fecal contamination of drinking water for scenarios of different source water quality, boiling effectiveness, and stove type. We used Uganda and Vietnam, two countries with a high prevalence of water boiling and solid fuel use, as case studies.ResultsBoiling drinking water reduced the diarrhea disease burden by a mean of 1110 DALYs and 368 DALYs per 10,000 people for those under and over <5 years of age in Uganda, respectively, for high-risk water quality and the most efficient (lab-level) boiling scenario, with smaller reductions for less contaminated water and ineffective boiling. Similar results were found in Vietnam, though with fewer avoided DALYs in children under 5 due to different demographics. In both countries, for households with high baseline IAP from existing solid fuel use, adding water boiling to cooking on a given stove was associated with a limited increase in IAP DALYs due to the log-linear dose-response curves. Boiling, even at low effectiveness, was associated withnetDALY reductions for medium- and high-risk water, even with unclean stoves/fuels. Use of clean stoves coupled with effective boiling significantly reduced total DALYs.DiscussionBoiling water generally resulted in net decreases in DALYs. Future efforts should empirically measure health outcomes from IAP vs. diarrhea associated with boiling drinking water using field studies with different boiling methods and stove types.
Measuring Planetary Eco-Emotions: A Systematic Review of Currently Available Instruments and Their Psychometric Properties
Authors: Kırımer-Aydınlı Fulya , Juaréz Castelán Mariel , Hakim Nilab , Gul Pelin , Unal A. Berfu , Aguayo-Estremera Raimundo , Perez Fortis Adriana , Rojas-Russell Mario E. , Gallo Valentina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe climate crisis has a wide range of direct and indirect mental health impacts on populations. However, their quantification is limited by the lack of unified definitions and assessment tools. The aim of this systematic review is to map all psychometric instruments used to measure emotions associated with the climate crisis, evaluate their psychometric characteristics, and identify any existing gaps.MethodsThe protocol was registered on PROSPERO. Data were reported following the COSMIN Risk of Bias of PROM and PRISMA checklists. Original articles describing the psychometric properties and/or validation of self-report measures designed to assess eco-anxiety and other climate change-related emotions in the general population were within the scope of this review. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were the search engines used.FindingsA total of 10 different psychometric scales measuring various eco-emotions were identified. Four focused on anxiety, while the remaining six focused on combinations of other negative emotions. The definitions of eco-emotions were not consistent across papers. Most of the instruments were developed in the Global North. Six of the instruments were multidimensional. All but one scale included at least one item indicating behavioural, cognitive, or physical aspects of emotions toward climate crises. The most recurrent emotion was worry, followed by anxiety, fear, and sadness. Including ten scale development studies, a total of 22 studies reporting instrument validation were reviewed. Two of the instruments have been validated in other populations.InterpretationTo what extent the emotions covered by the instruments may overlap in relation to climate change is, to date, not clear. This is due to the lack of consistent definitions of climate-related emotions. Moreover, the mention of emotions was derived by a top-down approach, in all included studies. No positive emotions, such as hopefulness, humor, anticipated pride, gratitude, optimism, or feeling strong to do something though own contributions, have been detected.
in-Silico TRials guide optimal stratification of ATrIal FIbrillation patients to Catheter Ablation and pharmacological medicatION: The i-STRATIFICATION study
Authors: Dasí Albert , Nagel Claudia , Pope Michael T.B. , Wijesurendra Rohan S. , Betts Timothy R. , Sachetto Rafael , Loewe Axel , Bueno-Orovio Alfonso , Rodriguez Blanca 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsPatients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) experience 50% recurrence despite pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), and no consensus is established for second treatments. The aim of our i-STRATIFICATION study is to provide evidence for stratifying patients with AF recurrence after PVI to optimal pharmacological and ablation therapies, through in-silico trials.MethodsA cohort of 800 virtual patients, with variability in atrial anatomy, electrophysiology, and tissue structure (low voltage areas, LVA), was developed and validated against clinical data from ionic currents to ECG. Virtual patients presenting AF post-PVI underwent 13 secondary treatments.ResultsSustained AF developed in 522 virtual patients after PVI. Second ablation procedures involving left atrial ablation alone showed 55% efficacy, only succeeding in small right atria (<60mL). When additional cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation was considered, Marshall-Plan sufficed (66% efficacy) for small left atria (<90mL). For bigger left atria, a more aggressive ablation approach was required, such as anterior mitral line (75% efficacy) or posterior wall isolation plus mitral isthmus ablation (77% efficacy). Virtual patients with LVA greatly benefited from LVA ablation in the left and right atria (100% efficacy). Conversely, in the absence of LVA, synergistic ablation and pharmacotherapy could terminate AF. In the absence of ablation, the patient’s ionic current substrate modulated the response to antiarrhythmic drugs, being the inward currents critical for optimal stratification to amiodarone or vernakalant.ConclusionIn-silico trials identify optimal strategies for AF treatment based on virtual patient characteristics, evidencing the power of human modelling and simulation as a clinical assisting tool.
Large-scale Mendelian randomization identifies novel pathways as therapeutic targets for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Rasooly Danielle , Giambartolomei Claudia , Peloso Gina M. , Dashti Hesam , Ferolito Brian R. , Golden Daniel , Horimoto Andrea R. V. R. , Pietzner Maik , Farber-Eger Eric H , Wells Quinn Stanton , Bini Giorgio , Proietti Gabriele , Tartaglia Gian Gaetano , Kosik Nicole M. , Wilson Peter W. F. , Phillips Lawrence S. , Munroe Patricia B. , Petersen Steffen E. , Cho Kelly , Gaziano John Michael , Leach Andrew R. ,   VA Million Veteran Program, Whittaker John , Langenberg Claudia , Aung Nay , Sun Yan V. , Pereira Alexandre C. , Joseph Jacob , Casas Juan P. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTWe used expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) to conduct genome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) using 27,799 cases of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 27,579 cases of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and 367,267 control individuals from the Million Veteran Program (MVP). We identified 70 HFrEF and 10 HFpEF gene-hits, of which 58 are novel. In 14 known loci for unclassified HF, we identified HFrEF as the subtype responsible for the signal. HFrEF hitsZBTB17,MTSS1,PDLIM5, andMLIPand novel HFpEF hitsNFATC2IP,andPABPC4showed robustness to MR assumptions, support from orthogonal sources, compelling evidence on mechanism of action needed for therapeutic efficacy, and no evidence of an unacceptable safety profile. We strengthen the value of pathways such as ubiquitin-proteasome system, small ubiquitin-related modifier pathway, inflammation, and mitochondrial metabolism as potential therapeutic targets for HF management. We identifiedIL6R,ADM,andEDNRAas suggestive hits for HFrEF andLPAfor HFrEF and HFpEF, which enhances the odds of success for existing cardiovascular investigational drugs targeting. These findings confirm the unique value of human genetic studies in HFrEF and HFpEF for discovery of novel targets and generation of therapeutic target profiles needed to initiate new validation programs in HFrEF and HFpEF preclinical models.
Spatial variation in delayed diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar, India
Authors: Nightingale Emily S , Bindroo Joy , Dubey Pushkar , Priyamvada Khushbu , Das Aritra , Bern Caryn , Srikantiah Sridhar , Cameron Mary M , Lucas Tim C D , Medley Graham F , Brady Oliver J 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a debilitating disease and without treatment, a fatal disease which burdens the most impoverished communities in northeastern India. Control and ultimately, elimination of VL depends heavily on prompt case detection. However, a proportion of VL cases remain undiagnosed many months after symptom onset. Delay to diagnosis increases the chance of onward transmission, and poses a risk of resurgence in populations with waning immunity. We checked the spatial variation of delayed diagnosis of VL in Bihar, India and aimed to understand the potential driving factors of delayed diagnosis.MethodsThe spatial distribution of diagnostic delays was explored using a Bayesian model fit to geo-located cases using the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) approach, assuming days of delay as Poisson-distributed and adjusting for individual-(age, sex, HIV) and local-level (recent incidence, vector control, health facility access) characteristics. Residual variance was modelled with an explicit spatial structure. Cumulative delays were estimated under different scenarios of active case detection coverage.FindingsThe 4,270 cases analysed were prone to excessive delays outside existing endemic “hot spots”, beyond the focus of interventions. Cases diagnosed within recently-affected blocks and villages experienced shorter delays on average (by 13% 95% Credible Interval [2.9% - 21.7%] and 7% [1.3% - 13.1%], respectively) than those in non-recently-affected areas.InterpretationDelays to VL diagnosis when incidence is low could influence whether transmission of the disease could be interrupted or resurges. Prioritising and narrowing surveillance to high-burden areas may increase the likelihood of excessive delays in diagnosis in peripheral areas. Active surveillance driven by observed incidence may lead to missing the risk posed by as-yet-undiagnosed cases in low-endemic areas, and such surveillance could be insufficient for achieving and sustaining elimination.FundingThe Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Mortality of adults with chronic noncancer pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Webb Stephanie , Roberts Antonia-Olivia , Scullion Lauren , Richards Georgia C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt is recognised that chronic pain is one of the leading causes of disabilities worldwide. However, statistics on mortality and causes of death in people with chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) have been difficult to determine. This systematic review aimed to determine the mortality rate in people with all types of CNCP and the associated causes and risk factors of death. MEDLINE (Ovid) and EMBASE (Ovid) were searched on 23 March 2023 to identify epidemiological studies reporting mortality in people with CNCP. Nineteen observational studies were included. There were 28,740 deaths (7%) reported in a population of 438,593 people with CNCP (n=16 studies), giving a mortality rate of 6,553 deaths per 100,000 people. An exploratory meta-analysis found that the relationship between mortality and CNCP was statistically significant (mortality risk ratio: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.22-1.77; n=11 studies) when comparing people with CNCP to those without pain. People with CNCP were more likely to die from cardiovascular disease whereas those without pain were more likely to die from malignancy, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. Smoking, lower physical activity levels, and opioid use were risk factors for death in people with CNCP. This systematic review found that people with CNCP have a higher risk of mortality than people without chronic pain. To reduce mortality rates in people with CNCP, cardiovascular diseases and risk factors for death should be considered when managing people with CNCP.
Detection and Prevalence of Syphilis, Hepatitis C Virus andHelicobacter pyloriCo-Infection among Pregnant Women attending Primary Health Centre, Mbodo-Aluu, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Adim C. C. , Nnamdi F. H. , Ugboma C. D. , Cookey T. I. , Innocent-Adiele H. C. , Onu E.N. , Igwe M. U. , Awanye A. M. , Okonko B. J. , Enemchukwu C. M. , Nwankwo G. A. , Okonko I. O. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTDue to the possible negative effects on both the mother and the foetus, co-infection with syphilis, hepatitis C virus (HCV), andHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) in pregnant women is a serious public health problem. In this study, pregnant patients at the Mbodo Health Centre in Aluu, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, were asked to rate their prevalence of co-infection and related risk factors. 96 willing pregnant women gave consent for blood samples to be drawn, and ELISA and fast diagnostic kits were used to test the sera forHelicobacter pylori, hepatitis C, and syphilis. Results showed that 31.0% of the pregnant women hadHelicobacter pylori, but none had positive results for syphilis or the hepatitis C virus. The highest prevalence ofH. pyloriinfection, as determined by ELISA, was observed in the age group 30-39 years (37.5%), married groups (32.7%), secondary school education (44.0%), students (40.0%), and Christian religion (31.3%). This finding demonstrated thatH. pyloriwas more common in the study area than the other two pathogens. Pregnant women visiting the Primary Health Centre, Mbodo-Aluu, Rivers State had significant rates ofH. pyloriinfection with no coinfection with HCV and syphilis. This study emphasises the necessity of integrated screening and treatment initiatives during antenatal care. However, preventing unfavourable pregnancy outcomes and lowering the risk of vertical transmission to the baby need the early detection and treatment of these pathogens. Therefore, it is important to emphasise good knowledge and education about the infection in this area.
PM2.5components mixture and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease mortality: a national analysis of Medicare enrollees
Authors: Ma Tszshan , Knobel Pablo , Hadley Michael , Colicino Elena , Amini Heresh , Federman Alex , Schwartz Joel , Steenland Kyle , Sade Maayan Yitshak 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is adversely linked to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, most studies focused on PM2.5mass rather than its chemical composition. PM2.5’s individual chemical components can have distinct, cumulative, and potentially synergistic health impacts. We investigated the associations of PM2.5’s composition and sources with ASCVD mortality, considering the combined associations and regional variations in the US. We used data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, (65,838,403 person-years) from 2000 to 2016. We estimated PM2.5exposure using machine-learning models and attributed components to five source categories. We used Poisson survival models to assess the associations with the source categories. Higher ASCVD mortality risk (RR [95% CI] per interquartile range increase) was associated with oil combustion (1.050[1.049;1.051]), industrial (1.054[1.052;1.056]), coal/biomass burning (1.064[1.062;1.067]), and traffic sources (1.044[1.042;1.046]). Comparing source-specific effects within each region, oil combustion effects were more pronounced in the East and Midwest, and coal/biomass burning effects were more pronounced in the West and Southwest. In conclusion, we found higher ASCVD mortality risk associated with PM2.5, with differential effects across sources and US regions. These associations persisted even after limiting our sample to ZIP code-years with PM2.5<9 μg/m3- the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). This highlights the importance of consideration of local population characteristics and exposure patterns when assessing health risks associated with PM2.5.
Clinical activity of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) inhibitors in patients with MAP2K1 (MEK1)-mutated metastatic cancers
Authors: Dankner Matthew , Rousselle Emmanuelle , Petrecca Sarah , Fabi François , Nowakowski Alexander , Lazaratos Anna-Maria , Rajadurai Charles Vincent , Stein Andrew J. B. , Bian David , Tai Peter , Belaiche Alicia , Li Meredith , Quaiattini Andrea , Normanno Nicola , Arcila Maria , Elkrief Arielle , Johnson Douglas B. , Ladanyi Marc , Rose April A. N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPURPOSEMAP2K1/MEK1 mutations are potentially actionable drivers in cancer. MAP2K1 mutations have been functionally classified into three groups according to their dependency on upstream RAS/RAF signaling. However, the clinical efficacy of MAPK pathway inhibitors (MAPKi) for MAP2K1 mutant tumors is not well defined. We sought to characterize the genomic and clinical landscape of MAP2K1 mutant tumors to evaluate the relationship between MAP2K1 mutation Class and clinical activity of MAPKi.METHODSWe interrogated AACR GENIE (v13) to analyze solid tumors with MAP2K1 mutations. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published reports of patients with MAP2K1 mutant cancers treated with MAPKi according to PRISMA guidelines. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), and overall survival (OS).RESULTSIn the AACR GENIE dataset, Class 2 MAP2K1 mutations (63%) were more prevalent than Class 1 (24%) and Class 3 (13%) mutations (P<0.0001). Co-occurring MAPK pathway activating mutations were more likely to occur in Class 1 versus Class 2 or 3 MAP2K1 mutant tumors (P<0.0001). Our systematic meta-analysis of the literature identified 46 patients with MAP2K1 mutant tumors who received MAPKi. In these patients, ORR was 28% and median PFS was 3.9 months. ORR did not differ according to MAP2K1 mutation class or cancer type. However, patients with Class 2 mutations experienced longer PFS (5.0 months) and DOR (23.8 months) compared to patients with Class 1, 3 or unclassified MAP2K1 mutations (PFS 3.5 months, P=0.04; DOR 4.2 months, P=0.02).CONCLUSIONPatients with Class 2 MAP2K1 mutations represent a novel subgroup that may derive benefit from MAPKi. Prospective clinical studies with novel MAPKi regimens are warranted in these patients.Highlights- A meta-analysis describing clinical outcomes with MAPK targeted therapy in MAP2K1 mutant tumors.- Clinical validation of MAP2K1 mutation Class as a predictive biomarker.- Class 2 MAP2K1 mutations are sensitive to MEK-inhibitor containing regimens.Graphical Abstract
Structural insights into the agonist selectivity and structure-based engineering of the adenosine A3 receptor
Authors: Oshima Hidetaka S. , Ogawa Akiko , Sano Fumiya K. , Akasaka Hiroaki , Kawakami Tomoyoshi , Okaomto Hiroyuki H. , Iwama Aika , Nagiri Chisae , Wei Fan-Yan , Shihoya Wataru , Nureki Osamu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAdenosine receptors, expressed across various tissues, play pivotal roles in physiological processes and are implicated in diverse diseases, including neurological disorders and inflammation, highlighting the therapeutic potential of receptor-selective agents. The Adenosine A3 receptor (A3R), the last identified adenosine receptor, is also activated by breakdown products of post-transcriptionally modified tRNA and exhibits dual roles in neuron, heart, and immune cells, and is often overexpressed in tumors, making it a target for anticancer therapy. Despite extensive studies on the other adenosine receptors, the structure and activation mechanism of A3R, especially by selective agonists likeN6-methyladenosine (m6A) and namodenoson, remained elusive. Here, we identifiedN6-isopentenyl adenosine (i6A), a novel A3R-selective ligand, via comprehensive modified adenosine library screening. Cryo-EM analyses of A3R-Gisignaling complexes with two nonselective and three selective agonists revealed the structural basis for A3R activation. We further conducted structure-guided engineering of m6A-insensitive A3R, which would greatly facilitate future discoveries of the physiological functions of the selective activation of A3R by modified adenosines. Our results clarify the selective activation of adenosine receptors, providing the basis for future drug discovery.