bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short beam shear performance of spread‐tow woven stitched composite with anti‐sandwich structure
Authors: Jiang Qian , Lian Xiang , Liu Ao , Chen Li , Wu Liwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSpread‐tow woven fabrics (STW) have attracted considerable attention because of their ultrathin structure and low porosity, which benefit the design and application of STW composites. Little is known about how the thickness relationship between the middle and surface layers affect the mechanical properties of sandwich structures. Therefore, this study developed an anti‐sandwich stitched composite with STW in the center and a nonwoven felt/STW hybrid on both sides. The interlayer shear behavior and damage mode transformation of STW composites with different middle‐layer thicknesses were studied using short‐beam shear tests, digital image correlation (DIC) full‐field strain nephograms and micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). The results showed that the anti‐sandwich structure improved the shear strength, particularly when the middle layer thickness was four times that of the surface layer. As the middle layer thickness ratio decreased, the synergistic effect of the anti‐sandwich structure was weakened, and the damage mode changed from ductile to brittle. Furthermore, the hybrid ratio of the STW/nonwoven fabric in the surface layer had little effect on the performance because of the good interfacial adhesion between the STW and nonwoven fabric. The anti‐sandwich structure that can improve the properties and stability of STW composites provides a reference for the structural design of STW composites in engineering applications.Highlights
An anti‐sandwich composite was developed by spread tow woven fabrics.
Nine types of anti‐sandwich composite were designed and fabricated.
The thickness of the middle layer affected the synergistic mechanisms.
The optimal anti‐sandwich structure has a 4.59% increase in shear strength.
The specific shear strength is 14.86% higher over pure spread tow laminates.
Construction of core–shell‐structured halloysite nanotubes with TiO2 nanoparticles for ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) nanocomposites with improved wear resistance
Authors: Wu Wei , Tang Weizhong , Li Jiangbo , Tang Zijian , Wang Zhen , Zhao Hui , Cao Xianwu , Yi Xiaohong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA hybrid of halloysite nanotubes decorated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (HNTs@TiO2) was synthesized by the sol–gel method and then mixed with ultra‐high molecular polyethylene (UHMWPE) by melt compounding to enhance its wear resistance properties. The incorporation of HNTs@TiO2 increased the crystallinity as well as the hardness of UHMWPE nanocomposites, which benefited less prone to plastic deformation during the friction process. In addition, the UHMWPE/HNTs@TiO2 maintained a high ductility character with a slight decrease in tensile strength compared to pure UHMWPE. With the addition of 3 wt% HNTs@TiO2, the UHMWPE nanocomposite achieved a remarkably low friction coefficient of 0.073 and a reduced wear rate of 6.67 × 10−6 mm3/N·m. These values represented a 32.4% decrease in friction coefficient and a 43.9% decrease in wear rate compared to pure UHMWPE. The improvement in wear resistance was due to the dislodged TiO2 and HNTs had good synergistic rolling effects at the counterface. Furthermore, the wear scan morphology observation revealed that the transferred HNTs@TiO2‐based materials could help to improve the quality of the tribofilms, which alleviated the abrasive wear from the metallic counterpart. This work offers a feasible way to enhance the wear resistance of UHMWPE nanocomposite without sacrificing the high ductility for expanding its engineering applications.Highlights
TiO2‐decorated halloysite nanotubes were synthesized by the sol–gel method.
The addition of HNTs@TiO2 maintained the high ductility character of UHMWPE.
The UHMWPE composite with 3 wt% HNTs@TiO2 had the best wear resistance.
CD44 and CD133 protein expression might serve as a prognostic factor for early occurrence castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Dwina Yayi , Zaid Litta Septina Mahmelia , Saraswati Meilania , Rachmadi Lisnawati , Kekalih Aria , Rahadiani Nur , Louisa Melva , Agustina Hasrayati , Mochtar Chaidir Arif , Hamid Agus Rizal Ardy Hariandy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) varies in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The rate of occurrence of CRPC may be related to the presence of prostate cancer stem cells (CSC). Thus, this study aims to evaluate the presence of CSC markers (CD44 and CD133) in histopathology tissue at the time of diagnosis and their correlation with the occurrence of CRPC in patients with advanced PCa within 2 years of ADT.MethodA retrospective case‐control study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of CRPC within 2 years. The inclusion criteria were patients with PCa who had received treatment with ADT and a first‐generation anti‐androgen (AA) for 2 years. We classified patients based on whether they developed CRPC within 2 years (CRPC) of the therapy or did not experience CRPC within 2 years (non‐CRPC) of the therapy. We performed immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for CD44 and CD133 on the prostate biopsy tissue samples.ResultsData were collected from records spanning 2011–2019. We analyzed a total of 65 samples, including 22 patients with CRPC and 43 patients with non‐CRPC who had received treatment with LHRH agonists and AA for up to 2 years. Our findings showed a significant H‐score difference in CD44 protein expression between CRPC prostate adenocarcinoma samples 869 (200–1329) and non‐CRPC 524 (154–1166) (p = 0.033). There was no significant difference in CD133 protein expression between the two groups (p = 0.554). However, there was a significant difference in the nonoccurrence of CRPC between the high expressions of both CD44 and CD133 groups with other expressions of CD44/CD133 groups (25% vs. 75%; p = 0.011; odds ratio = 4.29; 95% confidence interval [1.34, 13.76]).ConclusionThis study found a low expression of at least one CD44/CD133 protein in the patients without early occurrence of CRPC. This result might suggest that CD44/CD133 may function as a potential prognostic marker for PCa, especially in a low expression, to identify patients who have a better prognosis regarding the occurrence of early CRPC.
Identification of non‐canonical antagonistic bacteria via interspecies contact‐dependent killing
Authors: Lin Long , Tao Min , He Wei‐Mei , Wu Qian‐Hua , Huang Hao‐Kai , Murero Aprodisia Kavutu , Shao Xiao‐Long , Wang Li‐Min , Qian Guo‐Liang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCanonical biocontrol bacteria were considered to inhibit pathogenic bacteria mainly by secreting antibiotic metabolites or enzymes. Recent studies revealed that some biocontrol bacteria can inhibit pathogenic bacteria through contact‐dependent killing (CDK) mediated by contact‐dependent secretion systems. The CDK was independent of antibiotic metabolites and often ignored in normal biocontrol activity assay.RESULTSIn this study, we aimed to use a pathogen enrichment strategy to isolate non‐canonical bacteria with CDK ability. Rhizosphere soil samples from Chinese cabbage showing soft rot symptom were collected and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc), the pathogen of cabbage soft rot, were added into these samples to enrich bacteria which attached on Pcc cells. By co‐culture with Pcc, four bacteria strains (named as PcE1, PcE8, PcE12 and PcE13) showing antibacterial activity were isolated from Chinese cabbage rhizosphere. These four bacteria strains showed CDK abilities to different pathogenic bacteria of horticultural plants. Among them, PcE1 was identified as Chryseobacterium cucumeris. Genome sequencing showed that PcE1 genome encoded a type VI secretion system (T6SS) gene cluster. By heterologous expression, four predicted T6SS effectors of PcE1 showed antibacterial activity to Escherichia coli.CONCLUSIONOverall, this study isolated four bacteria strains with CDK activity to various horticultural plant pathogens, and revealed possible involvement of T6SS of Chryseobacterium cucumeris in antibacterial activity. These results provide valuable insight for potential application of CDK activity in biocontrol bacteria. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Another step on the transgene‐facilitated herbicide treadmill
Authors: Mortensen David A , Ryan Matthew R , Smith Richard G 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTransgenic, dicamba‐resistant soybean and cotton were developed to enable farmers to combat weeds that had evolved resistance to the herbicide glyphosate. The dramatic increases in dicamba use these crops facilitated have led to serious problems, including the evolution of dicamba‐resistant weeds and widespread damage to susceptible crops and farming communities. Disturbingly, this pattern of dicamba use has unfolded while the total herbicide applied to soybean has nearly doubled since 2006. Without substantive changes to agricultural policy and decision making, the next ‘silver‐bullet’ agrotechnology will likely be no more than another step on the transgene‐facilitated herbicide treadmill. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
IMPAHCT: A randomized phase 2b/3 study of inhaled imatinib for pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Gillies Hunter , Chakinala Murali M. , Dake Benjamin T. , Feldman Jeremy P. , Hoeper Marius M. , Humbert Marc , Jing Zhi‐Cheng , Langley Jonathan , McLaughlin Vallerie V. , Niven Ralph W. , Rosenkranz Stephan , Zhang Xiaosha , Hill Nicholas S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAV‐101 (imatinib) powder for inhalation, an investigational dry powder inhaled formulation of imatinib designed to target the underlying pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension, was generally well tolerated in healthy adults in a phase 1 single and multiple ascending dose study. Inhaled Imatinib Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Clinical Trial (IMPAHCT; NCT05036135) is a phase 2b/3, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐ranging, and confirmatory study. IMPAHCT is designed to identify an optimal AV‐101 dose (phase 2b primary endpoint: pulmonary vascular resistance) and assess the efficacy (phase 3 primary endpoint: 6‐min walk distance), safety, and tolerability of AV‐101 dose levels in subjects with pulmonary arterial hypertension using background therapies. The study has an operationally seamless, adaptive design allowing for continuous recruitment. It includes three parts; subjects enrolled in Part 1 (phase 2b dose–response portion) or Part 2 (phase 3 intermediate portion) will be randomized 1:1:1:1 to 10, 35, 70 mg AV‐101, or placebo (twice daily), respectively. Subjects enrolled in Part 3 (phase 3 optimal dose portion) will be randomized 1:1 to the optimal dose of AV‐101 and placebo (twice daily), respectively. All study parts include a screening period, a 24‐week treatment period, and a 30‐day safety follow‐up period; the total duration is ∼32 weeks. Participation is possible in only one study part. IMPAHCT has the potential to advance therapies for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension by assessing the efficacy and safety of a novel investigational drug‐device combination (AV‐101) using an improved study design that has the potential to save 6‐12 months of development time. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05036135.
All‐sky assimilation of FY‐4A AGRI water vapor channels: An observing system experiment study for south Asian monsoon prediction
Authors: Niu Zeyi , Tang Fei , Wang Liwen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, a month‐long parallel experiment is conducted to assess the assimilation effects of all‐sky radiance (ASR) versus clear‐sky radiance (CSR) in the single and multiple water vapor (WV) channels provided by the Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager (AGRI) onboard the Fengyun‐4A (FY‐4A) satellite. The Weather Research and Forecasting model data assimilation system (WRFDA) is utilized for assimilating the FY‐4A AGRI WV observations. Compared with the CSR, the assimilated data of the ASR increases by ~1.7 times in WV channel 9 and around 2.4 times in the multiple WV channels (channels 9 and 10). Both the CSR and ASR assimilation results demonstrate that the simulated brightness temperature (TB) from the WRF analyses is closer to the TB observations from Sondeur Atmospherique du Profil d'Humidite Intertropicale par Radiometrie (SAPHIR) channels 1–2 and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) channel 3, as compared with the control experiment where only conventional data are assimilated. Furthermore, a larger improvement is noted in assimilation of multiple WV channel against assimilation of a single WV channel for both CSR and ASR runs. Overall, the analyses and forecasts generated from the ASR run exhibit superior performance compared with the CSR run when verified against SAPHIR and MHS measurements, as well as the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) analyses. The verification of the rainfall predicted by the WRF against the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) products over India indicates that the assimilation of the ASR in multiple WV channels has the largest impact on rainfall prediction. Moreover, the ASR run demonstrates an accurate prediction of heavy rainfall events that are missed in the control experiment and underestimated in the CSR run.
Controller synthesis against omega‐regular specifications: A funnel‐based control approach
Authors: Jagtap Pushpak , Dimarogonas Dimos V. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe paper focuses on the problem of formal synthesis of controllers for control‐affine nonlinear systems against complex properties. Our goal is to design a closed‐form control policy that guarantees the satisfaction of complex properties that are expressed using ()‐regular languages and equivalently recognized by nondeterministic Büchi automata (NBA). We propose leveraging a funnel‐based control approach to provide a closed‐form solution to the problem. Our approach decomposes the specification represented by NBA into a sequence of reachability problems, which we solve using a funnel‐based control approach. Controllers associated with each reachability problem are then combined to design a hybrid control policy enforcing the desired ()‐regular property. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results on room temperature control and mobile robot motion control case studies.
Fish assemblage structure and habitat relationships of a large floodplain river in western North America
Authors: Williams Joshua Everett , Gregory Stan , Wildman Randall 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding complex river floodplains is critical to conserve species of fish and their ecological functions. In 2011 through 2013, longitudinal gradients in fish assemblage were investigated in the Willamette River in western United States. Of 36,586 individual fish collected, 93% were native and 7% non‐native. The best predictors of fishes collected with a boat electrofisher were percent embeddedness, macrophytes, longitudinal river distance, average depth, and velocity. Habitat type (mainstem or slough) was also a significant predictor. The best predictor of fishes collected in nearshore habitats with a backpack electrofisher were longitudinal river distance, velocity, and percent embeddedness. Fish communities differed significantly between mainstem and slough habitat. Overall, 25 of 40 species had high fidelities to mainstem or slough habitats. Native species showed a high fidelity to both mainstem and slough habitats while non‐native species were significantly related only to slough habitats. Environmental characteristics strongly influenced fish assemblage structure in this large floodplain river. Maintaining and restoring mainstem and off‐channel habitats are critical for maximizing native species resilience in the face of non‐native species encroachment and a changing environment. Restoring the natural flow regime to the degree possible is needed to increase connectivity between the floodplain and mainstem and provide thermal and flood refuges for native fishes. Understanding habitat relationships provides essential context for fish conservation and management by resource agencies and landowners.
N,S‐Co‐Doped Activated Carbon Prepared by a Thiourea‐Assisted “Cutting” Method and their Application as High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Jin Xingchen , Fu Yukang , Li Yang , Mi Panpan , Liu Zhiqing , Ma Xinlei , Wang Yarong , Liu Fengrui , Zhang Xu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiomass has been considered a potential source for preparing carbon materials due to its environmentally friendly and renewable characteristics. In this work, N, S co‐doping activated carbon materials were easily prepared by using rice straw as the carbon source. In addition to being heteroatom source, thiourea can fragment the carbon particles into smaller pieces and create plenty of micropores during the carbonization process. Both theoretical and experimental analyses demonstrate that the incorporation of S and N species into carbon can improve the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. The as‐made N, S co‐doping activated carbon materials, when used as electrodes, exhibit a high specific capacitance of 256 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and maintain a good rate capacitance of 65 % even at a high current density of 50 A g−1. This work may offer valuable guidance for the application of rice straw derived carbon in supercapacitors.
Humic Acid: A Promising and Green Bioorganic Catalyst in Organic Syntheses
Authors: Swaraj Acharya Swadhin , Bhusan Parida Bibhuti 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe growing pollution and threat to the environment demand green synthetic methods. Green chemistry mainly focuses on minimizing the waste and utilization of green solvents, energy sources, and catalysts and prefers one‐pot reactions. In this context, humic acid (HA), a natural bioorganic catalyst found in rivers, peat coal and sewage; is a high molecular weight macromolecule containing multifunctional groups, mainly contains quinone, phenolic OH, and COOH groups which make it acidic and activate carbonyl groups by protonation. Owing to its green aspect such as biodegradability, recyclability and reusability, humic acid is considered as sustainable bioorganic catalyst which meets the criteria for industrial requirements. The HA is mild acidic in nature, thus many functional groups tolerate in the HA catalyzed reactions. After few initial reports in 2001 and 2009, the HA catalyzed reactions gained much attention by the organic synthetic community from 2019 in aldol condensation, Knoevenagel condensation, Claisen‐Schmidt reaction, Michael addition, Strecker synthesis, tetrazole synthesis, Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis, hydrosilylation of terminal alkenes, hydrogenation, α‐aminophosphonate synthesis, cross coupling reactions such as Heck and Suzuki coupling reactions. Herein we report the comprehensive analysis on the role of HA in organic transformations providing diverse array of molecular scaffolds till date and future perspective.
Optimization and Applications of Instrumental and Preconcentration Neutron Activation Analysis Methods for Rapid Determination of Selected REE by Utilizing their Short‐Lived Activation Products**
Authors: Samanta Sudeep Kumar , Sengupta Arijit , Gupta Santosh Kumar , Acharya Raghunath 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDetermination of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) using spectroscopic methods is challenging. Conventional Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) method utilizing Pneumatic Carrier Facility (PCF) of Dhruva research reactor has been optimized with the short‐lived isotopes such as 161Gd, 165mDy and 153/155Sm for quantification of Gd, Dy and Sm respectively. Such isotopes are difficult to observe by conventional INAA with longer cooling periods owing to their very short half‐lives (1–3 mins). In this work, such isotopes are not only observed but also utilized as activation product for rapid determination of these REEs. The standardized method has been utilized for the first time in liquid samples involving nuclear fuel like U3O8 wherein TBP/n‐dodecane has been applied for chemical separation of Uranium prior to analysis. The INAA method has also been applied for validating the stoichiometry of Gd in Gd3+ co‐doped Zn2P2O7:Tb3+ green emitting solid‐state phosphors, which plays a very pivotal role in sensitizing the terbium ion in its performance for solid state lighting. We believe with huge current demand of REEs in research, science and technology; INAA can be a game changer wherever needed for quantification with high precision and accuracy and can also be extended to other REEs of interest.
Zirconium Oxide Doped Organosilica Nanodots as Light‐ and Charge‐Management Cathode Interlayer for Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Cui Mengqi , Rong Qikun , Wang Rong , Ye Dechao , Li Na , Nian Li 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this work, it is reported that zirconium oxide (ZrO2) doped organosilica nanodots (OSiNDs: ZrO2) with light‐ and charge‐management properties serve as efficient cathode interlayers for high‐efficiency inverted organic solar cells (i‐OSCs). ZrO2 doping effectively improves the light harvesting of the active layer, the physical contact between the active layer, as well as the electron collection property by habiting charge recombination loss. Consequently, all devices utilizing the OSiNDs: ZrO2 cathode interlayer exhibit enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE). Specifically, i‐OSCs based on PM6:Y6 and PM6:BTP‐eC9 achieve remarkable PCEs of 17.16% and 18.43%, respectively. Furthermore, the PCE of device based on PM6:Y6 maintains over 97.2% of its original value following AM 1.5G illumination (including UV light) at 100 mW cm−2 for 600 min.
Atomic Strain Wave‐Featured LaRuIr Nanocrystals: Achieving Simultaneous Enhancement of Catalytic Activity and Stability toward Acidic Water Splitting
Authors: Li Rongchao , Liu Jingjun , Xiao Mingyue , Sun Yanhui , Liu Feng , Gan Jun , Gao Shixin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRare earth microalloying nanocrystals have gotten widespread attention due to their unprecedented performances with customization‐defected nanostructures, divided energy bands, and ensembled surface chemistry, regarded as a class of ideal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, a lanthanide microalloying strategy is proposed to fabricate strain wave‐featured LaRuIr nanocrystals with oxide skin through a rapid crystal nucleation, using thermally assisted sodium borohydride reduction in aqueous solution at 60 °C. The atomic strain waves with alternating compressive and tensile strains, resulting from La‐stabilized edge dislocations in form of Cottrell atmospheres. In 0.5 m H2SO4, the LaRuIr displays an overpotential of 184 mV at 10 mA cm−2, running at a steadily cell voltage for 60 h at 50 mA cm−2, eightfold enhancement of IrO2||Pt/C assemble in PEMWE. The coupled compressive and tensile profiles boost the OER kinetics via faster AEM and LOM pathways. Moreover, the tensile facilitates surface structure stabilization through dynamic refilling of lattice oxygen vacancies by the adsorbed oxyanions on La, Ru, and Ir sites, eventually achieving a long‐term stability. This work contributes to developing advanced catalysts with unique strain to realize simultaneous improvement of activity and durability by breaking the so‐called seesaw relationship between them during OER for water splitting.