bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can real-time surveillance systems of suspected suicide accurately reflect national suicide rates? Age-specific and sex-specific findings from the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in England: an observational study
Authors: Turnbull Pauline , Ibrahim Saied , Tham Su-Gwan , Rodway Cathryn , Kapur Nav , Appleby Louis 
Published: March 2024

Introduction‘Real-time surveillance’ (RTS) systems of suspected suicide showed no overall rise in the early COVID-19 pandemic several months before official statistics reported the same. There has to date been no national examination of suicide recorded by RTS systems by sex or age group during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe used data from established RTS systems of suspected suicides in England, in 10 areas covering a total population ~13 million, to examine overall suicide numbers and rates from the pre-pandemic months of January–March 2020, to the end of 2021, by sex and by age group, through different phases of the pandemic.ResultsFrom January 2020 to December 2021, there were 2923 suspected suicides recorded by RTS systems in the 10 areas providing data. Using the pre-pandemic period as the baseline, we found a lower rate of suicide in the remainder of 2020 compared with the pre-pandemic period (0.80–0.99). This fall reflected lower numbers of deaths in men aged 25–44 between April and December 2020. Though there was no significant fall in 2021, there were lower rates in people aged 45–64 during this time. A month-by-month breakdown showed no change during periods of lockdown or social restrictions.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the viability of RTS to provide timely information on suicide rates at a national level and were later confirmed by official statistics. While suicide rates have not increased, continued vigilance is needed given ongoing effects of the pandemic in the context of current economic pressures. Early data on suspected suicides collected by local systems can be instrumental in reflecting national trends, and in aiding a rapid response in times of crisis.
Visualisation of $$C\!P$$-violation effects in decay-time-dependent analyses of multibody B-meson decays
Authors: Gershon Tim , Latham Thomas , Morris Andy , Qian Wenbin , Whitehead Mark , Xu Ao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDecay-time-dependent $$C\!P$$

C

P

-violation effects in transitions of neutral B mesons to $$C\!P$$

C

P

-eigenstates can be visualised by oscillations in the asymmetry, as a function of decay time, between decay yields from mesons tagged as initially having $${\hspace{0.0pt}\overline{\hspace{0.0pt}{B}}} $$

B

¯

or B flavour. Such images, for example for $$B^0 \rightarrow {{{J} \hspace{-1.66656pt}/\hspace{-1.111pt}\uppsi }} {{{K}} ^0_{\textrm{S}}} $$

B
0

→

J

/

ψ

K

S
0

decays where the magnitude of the oscillation is proportional to $$\sin (2\beta )$$

sin
(
2
β
)

with $$\beta $$
β
being an angle of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa Unitarity Triangle, provide a straightforward illustration of the underlying physics. Until now there has been no comparable method to provide visualisation for the case of decays to multibody final states that are not $$C\!P$$

C

P

-eigenstates, where interference between $$C\!P$$

C

P

-even and -odd amplitudes provides additional physics sensitivity. A method is proposed to weight the data so that the terms of interest can be projected out and used to obtain asymmetries that visualise the relevant effects. Application of the weighting to $${{B}} ^0_{\textrm{s}} $$

B

s
0

decays, where effects due to non-zero width difference are not negligible, provides a novel method to observe $$C\!P$$

C

P

violation in interference between mixing and decay without tagging the production flavour.
CuMONITOR: Continuous Monitoring of Microarchitecture for Software Task Identification and Classification
Authors: Langehaug Tor , Graham Scott 
Published: March 2024

The interactions between software and hardware are increasingly important to computer system security. This research collected microprocessor control signal sequences to develop machine learning models that identify software tasks. In contrast with prior work that relies on hardware performance counters to collect data for task identification, this research is based on creating additional digital logic to record sequences of control signals inside a processor’s microarchitecture. The proposed approach considers software task identification in hardware as a general problem, with attacks treated as a subset of software tasks. Three lines of effort are presented. First, a data collection approach is described to extract sequences of control signals labeled by task identity during actual (i.e., non-simulated) system operation. Second, experimental design selects hardware and software configurations to train and evaluate machine learning models. The machine learning models significantly outperform a naïve classifier based on Euclidean distances from class means. Various experiment configurations produced a range of balanced accuracy scores. Third, task classification is addressed using decision boundaries defined with thresholds chosen by an optimization strategy to develop non-neural network classifiers. When implemented in hardware, the non-neural network classifiers could require less digital logic to implement compared to neural network models.
The Non-Deterioration Obligation in the Nature Restoration Regulation – a Necessary and Proportionate Addition to the Habitats Directive or a Monstrosity with Disastrous Consequences for Society?
Authors: de Leeuw Bente J. , Backes Chris W. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
On June 22, 2022, the European Commission proposed a nature restoration regulation with the aim of restoring degraded ecosystems across the EU by 2050. Under the proposal, Member States must prepare national restoration plans to meet various ecosystem-specific targets and obligations. Controversial is the non-deterioration obligation that will apply in areas where restoration measures are taken and in areas where certain habitat types occur. After the European Parliament (ep) and the European (Environment) Council had both adopted positions that include significant amendments of the non-deterioration provisions, in November 2023 the Council announced a compromise text as the result of the trilogue. This contribution assesses how the compromise text of the non-deterioration obligation addresses drawbacks from the previous proposals, identifies associated questions and offers some suggestions for the interpretation.
The Effect of Frailty in Predicting Outcomes of Rib Fractures Among Elderly Patients
Authors: Johnson Emily H. , Brockman Valerie , Schmoekel Nathan , Schroeppel Thomas J. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction Rib fractures are consequential injuries for geriatric trauma patients. Frailty has been associated with adverse outcomes in this population. The Rib Fracture Frailty Index (RFF) and 5-factor modified Frailty Index (mFI) are 2 validated frailty metrics. Research assessing inclusion of frailty metrics in geriatric rib fractures triage protocols is limited. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed for trauma patients ≥50 years old with rib fractures admitted to a Level I trauma center, which currently uses percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%) to triage rib fractures patients. Frailty metrics (RFF & mFI) were calculated retrospectively, stratifying patients as low, moderate, or severe frailty. Unfavorable discharge disposition (UDD) was defined as discharge to facility or death. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were used to assess frailty with outcome variables. Results In total, 834 patients were included from August 2018 - May 2023, with mean age of 69.1. A majority had low frailty (64.0 vs 40.3%), followed by moderate frailty (21.1 vs 30.7%), then severe frailty (14.9 vs 29.0%) for RFF and mFI, respectively. Age, sex, and ISS differed between groups. For RFF, increased frailty was associated with longer hospital and ICU length of stay. Neither frailty metric was associated with unplanned ICU transfer or intubation. In the adjusted analysis, frail patients were more likely to have UDD (OR 8.9, CI 3.4-23.0, P < .0001). Conclusion While both frailty metrics were predictive of UDD, neither was associated with ICU transfer or intubation, suggesting that frailty does not enhance the accuracy of our current protocol using FVC%.
Vitamin D Deficiency as a Risk Factor of Tinnitus: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Aliyeva Aynur , Han Jae Sang , Kim Yeonji , Lim Ji Hyung , Seo Jae Hyun , Park Shi Nae 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor of tinnitus has not been well known. We tried to evaluate the association between the serum 25-(OH) vitamin D levels and tinnitus among the Korean population to propose the possible role of serum vitamin D in patients with tinnitus. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the potential risk factors of tinnitus in relation to serum 25(OH)D levels within the Korean population. It encompassed a health interview, nutrition assessment, and a health examination. Data was sourced from the KNHANES V (2010-2012), conducted by the Division of Health and Nutritional Survey under the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDCP). Participants were chosen from various sampling units categorized by geography, gender, and age group. The selection was facilitated through household registries using a stratified, multistage, clustered probability sampling approach. Results: Data of 16 408 subjects were collected in this study. There were significant differences in gender, economic status, educational level, and sun exposure duration between the tinnitus and non-tinnitus groups. Serum 25(OH) vitamin D level between hearing loss and normal hearing was also significantly different. The logistic regression models with serum 25(OH) vitamin D quartile and tinnitus as the dependent variable, which were controlled for age, sex, smoking status, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, sun exposure, regular exercise, income, and education, eventually demonstrated that serum vitamin D deficiency and low sun exposure duration significantly increased the risk of tinnitus development. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a significant association between serum vitamin D levels and tinnitus, driven by large epidemiological data. The results of our study provide baseline data for further research to investigate the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and management of tinnitus.
Risky Sexual Behaviours and Knowledge on Contraceptive Use and Family Planning Among Women Who Use Drugs (WWUDs) in Malaysia
Authors: Anandan Asnina , Daud Nur Aizati Athirah , Singh Darshan , Vicknasingam Balasingam 
Published: March 2024

Women who use drugs (WWUDs) face elevated risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) and unsafe sexual behaviours. This prevalence study, involving 200 WWUDs in a mandated drug rehabilitation program, examined risky sexual behaviours, family planning knowledge among IPV victims, and barriers to contraceptives or condoms use. The majority were Malays (86%, n = 171/200), averaging 32.3 years of age (SD = 8.61). Over half had experienced IPV in their lifetime (53%, n = 105/200). IPV victims had higher odds of unwanted pregnancies, prior abortions, concurrent drug use with partners, drug use before sex, and cohabitation with male partners who used drugs. Sixty percent were uninformed of female condoms, and most disliked using male condoms due to performance concerns. Despite better family planning knowledge among IPV victims, WWUDs had limited awareness of contraceptive use. Interventions should prioritize empowering and educating WWUDs, particularly IPV victims, on IPV prevention and the risks associated with unsafe sexual behaviour during rehabilitation.
Immune microenvironment of human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Dong , He Xiang , Li Yu , Li Guoping , Chen Min 
Published: March 2024

Objectives Research progress of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) based on immune microenvironment. Methods This article preliminarily discusses the composition of immune microenvironment components and immune therapy and elaborates and analyzes the involvement and impact of T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, and bone marrow-derived suppressor cells in HPV-positive HNSCC on tumor progression and prognosis. Furthermore, the application of immune-related therapies in HPV-positive HNSCC is explored. Results It is found that immune microenvironment research plays an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of HPV-positive HNSCC. Conclusions Immune microenvironment research as an important means to explore tumors has played an important role in the study of HPV-positive HNSCC. We describe the biological significance of important components of HNSCC immune microenvironment by analyzing the effects of HNSCC immune microenvironment components and immunotherapy on HPV-positive HNSCC. May to provide new strategies for experimental research and clinical prevention and treatment of this disease.
The role of Occupational Therapy in community development to combat social isolation and loneliness
Authors: Cowen Kate , Collins Tracy , Carr Susan , Wilson Menzfeld Gemma 
Published: March 2024

Background: Social participation activities, an important area of occupation, have been effective in reducing social isolation and loneliness. However, most attendees are women, warranting the need to explore older men’s social participation needs. Methods: Qualitative methods, including interviews and a collaborative workshop, were used to explore the research aim. Public involvement included establishing partnerships with six staff from four community organisations and twelve older men. The project was informed by a steering committee. The steering group offered insight into all aspects of the research except analysis, which was performed thematically. Findings: Intergenerational engagements and the appropriate environment to establish connections with their communities were highlighted as beneficial to men. However, there is a lack of appropriate local spaces to connect communities through social participation. This suggests the need for occupational therapists to diversify their roles, moving beyond the individual and into community development. Conclusions: Occupational therapists’ unique and varied skill set, including the understanding of the profound impact of the environment on occupational engagement and, thus, well-being would offer valuable contributions to community development roles, including the built environment to ensure all communities have places for connection where individuals of all ages can thrive.
Breaking barriers: Assessing pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness and willingness to use in the Lebanese community
Authors: Azzi Akel , Chartouni Carine , Ibrahim Racha , Chebel Zeina Bou , Haddad Elie , Chehata Nabil , Choucair Jacques , Saliba Gebrael 
Published: March 2024

Background In the evolving HIV landscape, the Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) grapples with data gaps, hindering the 95–95–95 targets. Lebanon, despite progress, falls short. Our study addresses Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) gaps for effective HIV prevention. Methods Surveying 410 participants via snowball sampling and an online questionnaire, we analyzed data with chi-square and regression over 5 months for insights into PrEP awareness and readiness. Results Summarizing the pivotal statistical outcomes of the study, 22.2% reported awareness of PrEP, showcasing diverse knowledge levels about its purpose and usage. Out of them, 57.1% expressed a willingness to use it; while a mere 5.5% have utilized it. The study reveals diverse demographic profiles, with age influencing PrEP awareness and willingness to use. Positive correlations exist between PrEP discussions within social circles, increased information availability, and elevated willingness. Financial considerations and accessibility at pharmacies emerge as critical determinants, guiding the development of targeted interventions. Conclusions This analysis emphasizes tailored education, community initiatives, and policy enhancements to address PrEP challenges in Lebanon. Guiding public health initiatives, our study considers age, social dynamics, education, and accessibility in HIV prevention.
Factors associated with non-adherence to medications in systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from a Swedish survey
Authors: Emamikia Sharzad , Gomez Alvaro , Ådahl Theodor , von Perner Gunilla , Enman Yvonne , Chatzidionysiou Katerina , Arkema Elizabeth V. , Parodis Ioannis 
Published: March 2024

Objective To identify determinants of medication non-adherence in a Swedish population of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Patients with SLE from Karolinska and Örebro University Hospitals participated in a survey-based cross-sectional study. Demographics, disease activity, organ damage, HRQoL (LupusQol, EQ-5D-5 L), medication non-adherence (<80% on CQR-19 or MASRI) and beliefs about medicines (BMQ) were registered. MASRI was used to report adherence to different drugs/drug classes, categorised into (i) antimalarial agents (AMA), (ii) glucocorticoids and (iii) other SLE medications. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, disease activity and organ damage. Results Among 205 respondents, the median age was 52.0 years (IQR: 34.0–70.0), 86.3% were women, 66.8% were non-adherent to their medications according to CQR-19, and 6.6% and 6.3% were non-adherent to AMA and glucocorticoids, respectively, according to MASRI. Positive beliefs about glucocorticoids (OR; 95% CI: 0.77; 0.59–0.99; p = .039) and medications overall (0.71; 0.52–0.97; p = .029) were protective against non-adherence to glucocorticoids. Anxiety/depression (3.09; 1.12–8.54; p = .029), medication concerns (1.12; 1.05–1.20; p < .001) and belief that medications are overused (1.30; 1.15–1.46; p < .001) or harmful (1.36; 1.19–1.56; p < .001) were associated with medication non-adherence (CQR-19); beliefs in the necessity of medications (0.73; 0.65–0.82; p < .001) and positive beliefs in medications were protective (0.72; 0.60–0.86; p < .001). No associations were found between other investigated factors and medication non-adherence. Conclusions Beliefs about medications were a major determinant of medication non-adherence. Patient education may help alleviate the negative impact of misinformation/unawareness on adherence.
Therapeutic Potential of Rosa canina L. Seed Oil and Metformin: Modulation of Bax/Bcl-2/p53/Caspase-3 Pathways and Improvement of Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Estradiol-induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rat Model
Authors: Chen Hanping , Liang Xinxin 
Published: March 2024

Background This study investigated the therapeutic effects of Rosa canina L. seed oil (RCSO) on PCOS using an animal model, focusing on evaluating biochemical factors and the Bax/Bcl-2/p53 and Caspase-3 (Cas-3) pathways. Materials and Methods The PCOS model was created by injecting estradiol valerate into 60 adult Wistar rats, which were assigned to six groups of 10 animals: normal, PCOS, metformin, RCSO, and co-treatment with MET and RCSO groups. After 50 days, the serum levels of testosterone, progesterone, LH, and FSH hormones were measured, along with the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and nitric oxide. Additionally, ovarian tissues were taken for gene expression analysis of Bax/Bcl-2/p53 and Cas-3 using real-time PCR, as well as protein expression analysis with western blot. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the levels of p53 and Ki-67 proteins, indicating the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells. Results RCSO, in synergy with MET, demonstrated reductions in the LH/FSH ratio along with a decrease in progesterone and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, RCSO, along with MET, upregulated the Bax/Bcl-2/p53 and Cas-3 pathways, resulting in increased p53 expression and decreased Ki-67-positive cells, indicative of enhanced apoptosis. Conclusions These findings suggest the potential use of RCSO in women with ovulation disorders, particularly those with PCOS.
Virtual Reality Simulation of Airway Management Post-Cleft Palate Surgery: A Model for Sustainable and Equitable Education
Authors: Verzella Alexandra N. , Diaz Allison L. , Laspro Matteo , Alcon Andre , Schechter Jill , Oliker Aaron , Arnold Anne , Flores Roberto L. 
Published: March 2024

Background The effectiveness of virtual-reality (VR) simulation-based training in cleft surgery has not been tested. The purpose of this study was to evaluate learners’ acceptance of VR simulation in airway management of a pediatric patient post-cleft palate repair. Methods This VR simulation was developed through collaboration between BioDigital and Smile Train. 26 medical students from a single institution completed 10 min of standardized VR training and 5 min of standardized discussion about airway management post-cleft palate repair. They spent 4-8 min in the VR simulation with guidance from a cleft surgery expert. Participants completed pre- and post-surveys evaluating confidence in using VR as an educational tool, understanding of airway management, and opinions on VR in surgical education. Satisfaction was evaluated using a modified Student Evaluation of Educational Quality questionnaire and scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were performed to evaluate responses. Results There was a significant increase in respondents’ confidence using VR as an educational tool and understanding of airway management post-cleft palate repair after the simulation ( P < .001). Respondents’ opinions on incorporating VR in surgical education started high and did not change significantly post-simulation. Participants were satisfied with VR-based simulation and reported it was stimulating (4.31 ± 0.88), increased interest (3.77 ± 1.21), enhanced learning (4.12 ± 1.05), was clear (4.15 ± 0.97), was effective in teaching (4.08 ± 0.81), and would recommend the simulation (4.2 ± 1.04). Conclusion VR-based simulation can significantly increase learners’ confidence and skills in airway management post-cleft palate repair. Learners find VR to be effective and recommend its incorporation in surgical education.