bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a method for monoclonal antibody HLA‐B27 analysis with the CELL‐DYN Sapphire haematology analyser
Authors: AARSAND A. K. , JOHANNESSEN H. B. , SCOTT C. S. 
Published: May 2007

SUMMARYAnalysis of HLA‐B27 is usually performed by flow cytometry using commercial single or two colour fluorescence reagents. The CELL‐DYN Sapphire (CD‐Sapphire) is a high‐volume routine haematology analyser that allows cell population analysis by monoclonal antibody fluorochromes analogous to flow cytometry. In this study, in‐house flow cytometry analysis (n = 96, HLA‐B27, One Lambda) performed on routine patient samples was used as the comparison method for analysis of HLA‐B27, One Lambda (n = 40) and HLA‐B27/HLA‐B7, Immunotech (n = 96) reagents on the CD‐Sapphire. The One Lambda results agreed 100% with the comparison method and offered clear population discrimination. The Immunotech combination also had a high level of agreement, but interpretation was more complex because of the wider cross‐reactivity of the ABC‐m3 antibody with B7 and other HLA‐B alleles. When analysing HLA‐B27 with antibodies showing nonspecific reactivity, a cut‐off staining level yielding high specificity should be chosen, as the primary diagnostic value of HLA‐B27 is as a ‘rule‐out’ test for ankylosing spondylitis. The CD‐Sapphire incorporates automated sampling and lysis, and medical scientists familiar with the instrument would require little additional technical training to perform the analysis. The reduced preanalytical work and total turnaround time constitute an important step towards automation of HLA‐B27 and similar simple high‐volume flow cytometry analysis.
REVIEWS
Authors: Brooks Stephanie , Miller John K. , Cole Patricia M. , Cummins Emery J. , Olson Michael 
Published: May 2007

Green, S., & Flemons, D. (2004). Quickies: The handbook of brief sex therapy.Lilienfield, S. O., Lynn, S. J., & Lohr, J. M. (Ed.). (2003). Science and pseudoscience in clinical psychology.Rastogi, M., & Wieling, E. (Eds). (2005). Voices of color: First‐person accounts of ethnic minority therapists.Sue, D. (2003). Overcoming our racism: The journey to liberation.Cozolino, L. J. (2002). The neuroscience of psychotherapy: Building and rebuilding the human brain.
A Symposium on the Future of Dentistry Report: Implications for the Public Sector: Impact on Dental Hygiene
Authors: Fales Martha H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper reviews the six recommendations as approved by the House of Delegates of the American Dental Association in 1983. Each recommendation is reviewed in relation to public health and preventive dentistry as well as the established goal of dental hygiene: “To improve the public's total health by increasing the awareness of and access to quality oral health care and to position the dental hygienist as the preventive oral health professional.”To reach this goal it is recommended that dental hygienists seek out opportunities in the public sector where there is more job satisfaction, their professional roles have higher acceptance with both coworkers and patients, and there is a high level of interaction with other health‐care professionals.
Public Health Officials' Perceptions of Dental Caries Preventive Methods*
Authors: Hastreiter Richard J. , Lambo Alice M. , Anderson Henry A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Wisconsin Division of Health has traditionally promoted the implementation of cost‐effective dental public health caries prevention programs through the cooperation of communities, schools, and local health agencies. Because of the opportunities created by the division's goal to enhance the capabilities of local public health agencies and the difficult program‐priority decisions produced by diminishing federal funding, an evaluation of the state's dental public health promotional efforts appeared appropriate. In 1982, as part of this evaluation process, an opinion survey of dental caries prevention methods was distributed to local public health officials. The survey instrument consisted of seven questions that ranked caries‐prevention measures. The questionnaire return rate was 85 percent, or 104 responses. Data were arrayed by frequency of rank, composite‐rank score, and overall rank. The Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test was used to determine the significance of composite‐score data.The results of the survey indicated that 1) local public health officials perceive consumer‐passive and school‐based caries‐preventive methods as the most effective and cost‐beneficial means of preventing tooth decay in school‐age children, 2) this knowledge could permit them to act as informed dental public health advocates, and 3) this knowledge may account for the implementation and maintenance of cost‐effective public health caries‐prevention programs throughout Wisconsin.
A Symposium on Building a Coalition To Improve the Public's Oral Health: Reaction Paper
Authors: Striffler David F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe dental research community has a social and civic responsibility to participate actively in promoting the public's oral health, but participation should be carefully orchestrated with other groups. The ADHA “Hearing on Needs” has stimulated a coalescing of groups and individuals to contribute to the welfare of society's oral health. Dental organizations—especially dental public health organizations—need to work more cooper‐ atively together to work, in turn, with other organizations. “In union, there is strength.”
The Results after 20 Months of a Study Testing the Efficacy Of a Weekly Fluoride Mouthrinsing Program
Authors: Clark D. Christopher , Robert Guy , Tessier Charles , Frechette Nicole , Le Blanc Guylaine , Boucher Louise , Maheux Sylvie , Le Blanc Denis 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of weekly mouthrinsing with a 0.2 percent NaF solution in first‐grade children living in a non‐ fluoridated community. Children in the control group were also participants in a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of semiannual fluoride varnish treatments. Children allocated to the mouthrinse group attended school at three of the 17 area schools where the varnish study was occurring. Random allocation of children into the treatment group was considered impractical because of potential problems of teacher cooperation and compliance. The same two standardized examiners examined all participants, and were blind to group assignment for all children.After two academic years, or approximately 72 weeks of rinsing, 178 and 247 children remained in the treatment and control groups, respectively. The control group experienced a mean caries rate of 2.02 surfaces over 20 months, while the treatment group demonstrated an increment of only 1.33 surfaces, representing a savings of about 0.34 surfaces per year or a reduction in DMFS of 34.2 percent. Surface‐specific incremental reductions after 20 months were 0.35, 0.19, and 0.14 for the occlusal, buccal, and lingual surfaces, respectively. The proximal increment was too small to draw any meaningful conclusions. In the primary dentition, the treatment and control dfs increments were 0.74 and 1.74, respectively. This reduction represents a savings of one‐half surface increment per year, or a education of 57.5 percent.
Dental Hygienists' Knowledge, Opinions, and Use of Pit and Fissure Sealants: a Comparison of Two States
Authors: Duffy M. Bridget , Bernet Julia K. , Chovanec Gale K. , Majerus Georgia J. , Frazier P. Jean , Newell Kathleen J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article reports results of a study of 563 practicing Minnesota and Wisconsin dental hygienists' knowledge, opinions, and use of pit and fissure sealants. The study was carried out six months prior to the 1983 NIH Consensus Development Conference on Dental Sealants in the Prevention of Tooth Decay. It therefore provides baseline information for two states prior to the initiation of widespread public information about the positive value of sealants that occurred as a result of that conference. Such baseline information is relevant for future studies of the diffusion of adoption of this caries‐preventive technology by dental hygienists. Two independent samples were selected randomly from the populations of licensed dental hygienists residing in the two states. Data were collected using a 42‐item mailed questionnaire, with an 84 percent response. Data were analyzed for both interstate and intrastate comparisons. Respondents were generally knowledgeable and had favorable opinions about sealants, although they had low levels of training in their use. Sealants were being used in 54 percent of the offices in which respondents practiced, with the dentist placing them most often. Among hygienists who applied sealants at all, more than two‐thirds did so three or fewer times per week. Eighty‐four percent indicated they would like to apply sealants more often. The most frequent reasons given for nonuse were lack of acceptance by the dentist‐employer and nondelegation.
Hepatitis B Vaccine Usage Among Dental Practitioners in the United States: an Epidemiological Survey
Authors: Echavez Michael I. , Shaw Frederic E. , Scarlett Margaret I. , Kane Mark A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA telephone survey of 283 nonfederally affiliated dental practitioners in the United States was completed in April 1986. The study's objectives were to determine hepatitis B vaccine usage among dentists nationwide, and to examine the epidemiologic characteristics of vaccinated and unvaccinated subjects. Forty‐four percent of the participants had received at least the first of the three doses of HB vaccine. Acceptance of the vaccine was associated with the use of gloves during dental procedures and the subject's perception of high‐risk patients in his or her dental practice. The most common reasons for not being vaccinated were concerns about vaccine safety and a lack of perceived need for the vaccine. The vaccination rate in this survey is higher than in earlier studies, indicating that acceptance of the vaccine by dental practitioners is increasing.
Incidence of Coronal and Root Caries in an Older Adult Population
Authors: Hand Jed S. , Hunt Ronald J. , Beck James D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIncidence rates for new root caries and new coronal caries in noninstitutionalized older adults are unknown. In this study, a representative sample of 451 elderly lowans received dental examinations at the start of the study and again after 18 months. This dentate cohort had a mean of 0.87 new surfaces of coronal decay per person per year and a mean of 0.57 new surfaces of root decay per person per year. Coronal caries occurred at an annual rate of 1.4 surfaces per 100 susceptible coronal surfaces. Root caries occurred at an annual rate of 2.6 surfaces per 100 susceptible root surfaces. This study shows that both coronal and root caries were active in this older population, indicating a need for emphasis on the prevention and treatment of dental caries in older adults.
Response Trends and Nonresponse Bias in a Mail Survey of Oral and Facial Pain
Authors: Locker David , Grushka Miriam 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWhile mail surveys offer a low‐cost method for collecting health data, they have been unpopular because of concerns about low response rates and nonresponse bias. This paper examines the response to a mail survey concerning oral and facial pain and uses regression techniques to assess the degree and direction of nonresponse bias on estimated prevalence rates. The analysis shows that early and late responders to the survey differed in terms of sociodemographic variables and responses to items concerning pain. The regression analysis suggests that the rather high prevalence rates revealed by the survey are not a product of bias induced by nonresponse and deserve further investigation.
Dentistry's Public‐Private Interface: A Federal Perspective
Authors: Mecklenburg Robert E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEach dental public health worker is confronted with a wide variety of organizations with which a professional relation can be developed. Decisions about which relations should receive priority, and the kind of relations that may be expected, are easier to define if each possible organizational interface is placed in one of three categories: (1) professional associations; (2) the employing bureaucracy and its sister agencies; and (3) the organizations performing the same dental public health functions as the worker, but within different geographic parameters. A three‐dimensional model is developed, using as an example the organizational interfaces of the chief dental officer, US Public Health Service; with national level associations, the federal government; and with dental public health workers at the international and state levels of government. Current issues of importance to the American Association of Public Health Dentistry are identified according to the principal relations needed with other national associations, the federal government, and international and state governments.
Eruption Pattern of Permanent Molars: Implications for School‐based Dental Sealant Programs
Authors: Kuthy Raymond A. , Ashton James J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDental caries remains a prevalent, chronic disease of childhood. The preponderance of dental caries is located on the pit and fissure surfaces of teeth, an area where dental sealants are most effective in preventing this malady. In the school year 1987‐88, 4,879 Ohio schoolchildren participated in an assessment of dental health. Grades chosen for this assessment included 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, and 11. This study focuses on eruption of first and second permanent molars in development of a timing strategy for placement of occlusal sealants in a school‐based program. An eruption score was developed for the determination of the first or second molar eruption status for each child. The data were analyzed for grade, sex, race, locale, fluoridation status, and percent of children on free or reduced‐cost lunch programs. Analyses were performed on 2,215 children in grades 1‐3 and 1,840 children in grades 6–8. Fifty‐seven percent of first graders had all first permanent molars sufficiently erupted for sealant placement on the occlusal surface. Likewise, 23.6 percent of sixth graders had sufficient occlusal exposure on the second molar. Females showed an earlier eruption pattern than males for both first (P<.05) and second (P<.001) molars. Black children preceded white children only in the eruption of the second molar (P<.001). This study provides dental public health decision makers with state‐specific information on the earliest time to initiate a school‐based occlusal sealant program. Information on caries experience is warranted to determine whether or not there can be a delay in performing this service so that more individual teeth can have dental sealants placed.
Causes of Tooth Loss in a Veteran Population
Authors: Niessen Linda C. , Weyant Robert J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTooth loss in adults over age 35 usually is attributed t to periodontal diseases. However, certain adult populations are known to have high caries rates. It is not clear to what extent caries contributes to tooth loss in adults. This pilot study examined the causes of tooth loss in a veteran population residing in an 800‐bed, primarily long‐term care facility. The study retrospectively reviewed 572 patients' dental records and documented causes for dental extractions. Of the sample population, 168 teeth were extracted in 51 patients who c had 860 teeth present before treatment. Mean age of the patients undergoing extractions was 57.7 years, lower than the sample population of 60.1 years. Of the 168 teeth extracted, 105 (63%) were attributed to caries and 33 (20%) were documented as root tips, suggesting the presence of root caries. Fifty‐five (33%) were extracted due to periodontal disease and six (4%) were extracted for prosthodontic reasons. Of the maxillary teeth, 67 percent were extracted for caries and 25 percent of periodontal reasons. Caries accounted for 57 percent and periodontal disease accounted for 42 percent of the mandibular teeth extracted. The order in which teeth were most frequently extracted was maxillary anteriors, mandibular anteriors, maxillary and a mandibular premolars, and maxillary and mandibular molars. This study supports the recent work of authors who have found caries contributing significantly to tooth loss in adult populations.
How Effective is Oral Hygiene Instruction? Results after 6 and 24 Weeks
Authors: Weinstein Philip , Milgrom Peter , Melnick Sandra , Beach Barbara , Spadafora Agnes 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe studied the clinical effectiveness of oral hygiene instruction given to 71 “high” plaque patients in 19 Washington State dental practices to determine the extent of plaque reduction. Patients were examined prior to instruction and prophylaxis. Therapist instructions were tape‐recorded and content analyzed, and therapists' expectations were scored. Patients were surveyed as to oral health behaviors and general health habit characteristics. Only 20 of 71 (28%) initially “high” plaque patients had reduced mean plaque scores to 1.0 or less at six weeks. An additional 13 percent had deteriorated plaque levels at 24 weeks. We concluded that therapists did not consistently follow principles of effective instruction and often overestimated their effectiveness. Determinants of relapse involve the educational process, the patients' oral status, and patients' life situations.
Oral Health Knowledge and Sources of Information Among Elementary Schoolchildren
Authors: Woolfolk Marilyn W. , Lang W. Paul , Faja Barbara Wirth 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe dental health knowledge and sources of health information of 848 elementary schoolchildren (aged 9–12) in southwestern Michigan were assessed. Demographic parameters (education level, percent below poverty level, median income level) of the area were similar to state and national averages. The children were found to have some knowledge of caries and periodontal disease prevention, yet basic misconceptions were evident. More than one‐third of the children thought that plaque should only be removed by a dentist. While 75 percent of the subjects knew that fluoride protected teeth from decay, only 4 percent of the children identified fluoridated water as the best source of this preventive agent. Knowledge of pit and fissure sealants was limited. Extent of correct dental knowledge was not related to age, sex, or mean DMFS scores. Children who answered the most questions correctly named parents and family as their source of information; dentist's office was the second most frequently mentioned source. Findings suggest a need to correct basic misinformation about dental health and to inform children about current efficacious preventive agents.
Assessment of a Dental Disease Prevention Program after Three Years
Authors: Malvitz Dolores M. , Broderick Eric B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis assessment compared routine data on selected clinical services provided within the Oklahoma City Area of the Indian Health Service during the first six months of fiscal year 1984, prior to implementation of a program emphasizing oral health promotion and disease prevention, to comparable data from 1987. The assessment revealed: similar absolute numbers of routine examinations and completed treatment among children; a 10 percent increase in total visits for persons of all ages, accomplished with comparable numbers of dental personnel; and an increase in the percent of services that were preventive, as well as a concomitant decrease in basic restorative services. The ratio of pit and fissure sealants to one‐surface amalgam restorations was reversed dramatically. Although counts of services rendered do not measure oral health status directly, some conclusions are warranted. Clinical dental personnel can be reoriented to devote an increased proportion of available patient care time to primary preventive services, accomplishing a substantial increase in these services. That increase is associated with a corresponding decrease in the proportion of basic restorative services.
Examiner Agreement Between Hygienists and Dentists for Caries Prevalence Examinations
Authors: Mauriello Sally M. , Bader James D. , Disney Judith A. , Graves Richard C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDentists have been used as examiners in caries prevalence examinations almost exclusively. Only rarely have dental hygienists been reported as examiners in these types of studies. This article describes the degree of agreement for prevalence data (DMFT, dmft) and specific caries prediction information collected by hygienist‐screeners and dentist‐examiners. A total of 5,233 first‐ and fifth‐grade children were screened by hygienist‐screeners using a tongue blade only and then examined by dentist‐examiners using an explorer and mirror. Agreement was analyzed in terms of percent agreement and the kappa statistic. The values for screener‐hygienist dentist‐examiner agreement were compared to interexaminer and interscreener reliability values. Means were also calculated for the caries indices. The results indicated good agreement for the caries indices between the screener‐hygienist and dentist‐examiner. Agreement for the prediction indices tended to be lower. The results suggest that hygienists can be used as examiners in caries prevalence studies.
An Epilogue to Evaluating the Impact of P.L. 99‐252 on Decreasing Smokeless Tobacco Use
Authors: Chen Moon S. , Schroeder Kathleen L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn a previous paper, “Evaluating the Impact of P.L. 99‐252 on Decreasing Smokeless Tobacco Use,” the context of this law and the theoretical framework for an evaluation plan for measuring its impact were described. In this paper, the methodology and selected findings from this project as well as their implications are discussed. This discussion includes the identification of the six indicators considered to be the most relevant, valid, reliable, accessible, and practical for measuring the impact of this law on decreasing smokeless tobacco use, as well as a report on the feasibility analysis of three of these indicators. Pilot data on two indicators–pounds of smokeless tobacco sold and incidence rates of tobacco‐induced leukoplakia–are presented and analyzed.
Dental Fluorosis Following Downward Adjustment of Fluoride in Drinking Water
Authors: Evans R. Wendell , Stamm John W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe drinking water fluoride concentration in Hong Kong was reduced by about 0.2 ppm in June 1978. This study was undertaken to determine whether the prevailing level of dental fluorosis was affected by such a minor change. Cohorts of children (N= 1,062) aged seven to 12 years, who were born both before and after the fluoride reduction, were examined clinically using Deans fluorosis index. Based on upper right central incisors, dental fluorosis prevalence decreased from 64 to 47 percent and the community fluorosis index decreased from 1.01 to 0.75 (P<.01). Thus, dental fluorosis was reduced, although the reduction in water fluoride concentration was not sufficient to achieve the minimal fluorosis level that Dean associated with a fluoride concentration optimal for caries prevention. Variation in dental fluorosis has been reported previously to result from marked sudden changes, during tooth formative years, to drinking water fluoride concentration. This study confirms preliminary findings that variation in dental fluorosis arising from minor changes to the fluoride level in drinking water is also measurable.