bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Índice Tobillo Brazo, factores sociodemográficos y clínicos en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2
Authors: Sánchez Hernández José Roberto , Carrasco Brambilla Sharon Lisette , Pérez Félix Margarita Veneranda , Tegoma Ruiz Victor Manuel , Chiu Cruz Yun Sem , Jiménez Zúñiga Esther Alice 
Published: April 2024

Se identificó la relación entre Índice Tobillo Brazo (ITB) con los factores sociodemográficos y clínicos de pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Estudio descriptivo correlacional. Muestra de 91 participantes. Se utilizó una cédula de datos personales/clínicos, recolectados por enfermeras que siguieron las recomendaciones nacionales e internacionales para la evaluación de las variables clínicas. El ITB se correlacionó con la edad, la presión arterial diastólica y sistólica. Existió correlación entre otras las variables clínicas y sociodemográficas. Enfermería puede identificar factores de riesgo para la Enfermedad Arterial Periférica en pacientes con DM2, contribuir a mejorar la condición de las características clínicas y uso de calzado adecuado que favorezcan la calidad de vida y limitación del daño en estos pacientes.
Effects of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on clinical and instrumental indicators in obese patients
Authors: Yuzvenko V. S. 
Published: April 2024

Due to the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), its diagnosis and treatment remains one of the urgent problems of medicine. Hypodiagnosis of OSAS is observed in everyday clinical practice. The early OSAS diagnosis and treatment, including the use of non‑invasive assisted ventilation of the lungs with constant positive pressure during sleep, could prevent the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, and significantly improve the quality of life of a person.
Objective — to assess OSAS impact on the clinical and instrumental indicators in obese patients, to establish correlation between the characteristics of cardiorespiratory sleep monitoring and indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in obese patients.
Materials and methods. Observations involved 78 patients with I ‑ II degree obesity. According to the results of cardiorespiratory monitoring (CRM) of sleep, three groups of obese patients were formed. The first group included 26 patients with an apnea‑hypopnea index <30 episodes per hour (mild OSAS degree). The second group was consisted of 26 patients with apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) over 30 episodes per hour (severe OSAS degree). The groups matched by percentage of men and women, the mean age and body mass index.
Results. An increase in body weight and body mass index (BMI) in obese patients was associated with an increase in the number and total duration of episodes of apnea/hypopnea, AHI, as well as a decrease in blood oxygen saturation (SpO2). Parameters of waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), WC/HC positively correlated with the number and duration of episodes of apnea/hypopnea, AHI, and negatively correlated with SpO2. Positive values of the Spearman r coefficient ranged from 0.23 to 0.57, negative values — from –0.26 to –0.48 (р <0.05).
Conclusions. In obese patients with OSAS, the parameters of cardiorespiratory sleep monitoring — apnea‑hypopnea index, total duration of apnea episodes, directly correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure level, total cholesterol, blood triglycerides. An inverse correlation was found between oxygen saturation and fasting glycemia and the level of glycated hemoglobin.
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolically-associated steatosic liver disease. Review
Authors: Tkach S. M. 
Published: April 2024

In recent years, the prevalence of metabolically‑associated steatosis of the liver (MASLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing significantly. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study new strategies for the treatment of this pathology, in particular, to prevent the progression of liver steatosis and fibrosis and to reduce the mortality associated with liver diseases. A systematic review and meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials was recently conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of glucagon‑like peptide‑1 receptor agonists (GLP‑1RAs) in the treatment of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with T2DM s and MASLD. A total of eight trials were included in the review, involving a total of 468 participants with T2DM and MASLD. Analysis of the primary results showed that administration of GLP‑1RAs in patients with T2DM and MASLD significantly reduced the content of intrahepatic fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and visceral adipose tissue. Analysis of secondary outcomes showed that GLP‑1RAs caused significant reductions in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c, HoMA‑IR insulin resistance index, total cholesterol and triglycerides compared with the control schemes of treatment. The main adverse events associated with GLP‑1RAs included mild to moderate gastrointestinal discomfort and hypoglycemia, which resolved within several weeks. GLP‑1 RAs have a positive effect in patients with T2DM and MASLD and have a positive effect on inflammatory markers, contribute to reducing of weight, waist circumference, and insulin resistance index. Therefore, GLP‑1RAs can be considered as a potential treatment strategy for patients with type 2 diabetes and MASLD, if there are no contraindications. Further studies are needed to clearly understand the effect of GLP‑1RAs on the course of MASLD and the potential mechanisms by which they exert a therapeutic effect and prevent its progression.
A clinical case of surgical treatment of appendiceal stump abscess
Authors: Stetsenko O. P. , Tsyura Y. P. , Kindzer S. L. , Kryvopustov M. S. , Prykhodko Y. S. 
Published: April 2024

In Ukraine, the share of patients with acute appendicitis is 89.1% of the total number of patients with acute surgical pathology. In modern surgical practice, early and late complications occupy the first place in the structure of acute surgical diseases of the abdominal organs, regardless of the age and gender of the patients, and the postoperative mortality is on average 0.15%. In the remote period after an appendectomy, despite the progress of modern surgery, a very rare complication known as inflammation of the stump of the appendix can occur.
The patient, 25 years old, turned to the department of purulent surgery with complaints of a «small wound» at the site of the postoperative scar in the right inguinal area and minor purulent discharge from it. Four months ago, in July, he was operated on for acute phlegmonous appendicitis. On November 1, after physical exertion, the wound reappeared, and on November 3, the patient independently sought a consultation at the reception department of the Clinical City Hospital No3. He was examined by a surgeon and hospitalized. During the revision of the wound, a tumor‑like formation measuring 2.5x3.0x2.5 cm, as well as the parietal peritoneum, was revealed. Appendectomy was performed by the method of pouch ligation with drainage of the abdominal cavity through a separate contraperture with polyvinyl chloride drainage. After the operation, a diagnosis was established: abscess of the stump of the appendix, and external fistula of the anterior abdominal wall. The postoperative wound healed with primary tension, and the sutures were removed.
The diagnosis of appendicitis may be mistakenly excluded from the clinical search due to the presence of a postoperative scar after appendectomy. A clear clinical picture of acute appendicitis or the opening of a fistula at the site of a postoperative scar in the right iliac region indicates the need for a computer tomography of the abdominal organs with contrast to establish an accurate diagnosis and choose the correct treatment tactics. The only treatment for inflammation of the appendiceal stump is a complete appendectomy with appendix removal either by open or laparoscopic surgery, which should be performed urgently to avoid further complications.
Nutritional support in patients with acute pancreatitis. Review of published studies
Authors: Kolosovych I. V. , Hanol I. V. 
Published: April 2024

Acute pancreatitis is a common disease that occurs in 5—10% of patients with urgent pathology of the abdominal cavity. The most prevalent metabolic disorders affecting this group of patients are hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism syndromes, which are accompanied by excessive consumption of carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids, increased oxygen intake, and carbon dioxide production.
Objective — to analyse the current state of the problem of nutritional support for patients with acute pancreatitis.
The degree of nutritional disorders in patients with acute pancreatitis varies depending on the etiological factors and severity of the disease, necessitating a differential approach to their correction. Patients with acute pancreatitis experience disruption of the intestinal microflora due to the antibiotic therapy, nutrient and fiber deficiency, and lack of microbial antagonism. This disruption leads to excessive growth of bacteria, particularly gram‑negative microflora. The effectiveness and safety of enteral tube feeding are determined by a complex of factors: the timing of recovery of peristalsis and the absorption function of the intestinal wall, the type of mixture, and the method of its administration. Restoration of intestinal absorption in patients with severe acute pancreatitis occurs on average 48 hours after the start of complex conservative therapy. The use of antiflatulents as part of a mixture for enteral nutrition allows to improve the laboratory indicators of blood serum and reduce the frequency of intestinal complications on the 7th day by 21.5% (χ2=4.88, 95% CI 2.3—39.5, p=0.03). Nasogastric nutritional support in patients with severe acute pancreatitis is safe and leads to a 25.8% reduction in the incidence of local infectious complications (χ2=4.59, 95% CI 2.43—45.53, p=0.03), length of hospital stay by 16 days (p=0.04), and deaths by 21.4% (χ2=4.13, 95% CI 0.81—39.68, p=0.04) in comparison with parenteral nutrition. Nutritional support should be started with nasogastric administration of a food mixture, and in case of complications (intolerance, aspiration, etc.), nasojejunal administration. Parenteral nutrition should be used if enteral nutrition is impossible or not tolerated.
Cytokine-determined mechanisms of the pathomorphological realization of gastroesophageal reflux disease against the background of autoimmune thyroiditis in young persons
Authors: Zhelezniakova N. M. , Bocharova T. V. , Pasiyeshvili L. M. , Pasiyeshvili T. M. 
Published: April 2024

The aim: to study the features of proinflammatory cytokine status and pathomorphological realization of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) against the background of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in young people.
Materials and methods. Examinations involved 120 patients with GERD and AIT and 45 people with isolated GERD. The control group consisted of 20 volunteers matched by age, gender, and social status. All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy, histological study, comparative morphometry of the esophageal mucosa, and determination of proinflammatory cytokines’ levels: interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β), IL‑18, tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α).
Results. The frequency of erosive GERD in the examined groups of patients did not statistically differ. At the same time, analysis of the structure of erosive GERD forms revealed a significant redistribution of esophagitis grades towards its enhancement in patients with comorbid pathology. The histological study showed that in patients with nonerosive GERD and AIT all the studied morphometric parameters had significantly deeper changes and exceeded similar indicators of the group with isolated GERD: epithelium total thickness 319.3±9.1 µm against 286.1±8.2 µm (p <0.01), epithelium basal layer thickness 79.6±3.2 µm versus 49.7±2.1 µm (p <0.01), connective tissue papillae height 224.8±7.3 µm against 172.7±4.6 µm (p <0.01), intercellular space 1.55±0.11 µm versus 1.12±0.09 µm (p <0.01). The presence of concomitant AIT was associated with a significant redistribution towards increased degrees of hyperplasia of the basal layer of the epithelium, elongation of the papillae, and leukocyte infiltration. The comorbidity of GERD and AIT in young people was associated with significant increase in the blood serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines in compared to isolated GERD: IL‑1β — 29.6 pg/ml versus 17.7 pg/ml (p <0.01), IL‑18—1763.4 pg/ml versus 614.6 pg/ml (p <0.01), TNF‑α — 7.6 pg/ml versus 5.2 pg/ml (p <0.01). Correlation analysis of the cytokine content and expressivity of certain morphometric parameters of the esophageal mucosa revealed the direct correlations.
Conclusions. GERD and euthyroid AIT comorbidity in the student population is accompanied by significant redistribution of esophagitis grades towards its aggravation. The presence of concomitant AIT in patients with non‑erosive GERD leads to the significant intensification of the degree of epithelium basal layer hyperplasia, connective tissue papillae elongation, and polymorphic cellular inflammatory infiltration in comparison with isolated GERD, while these deviations demonstrate direct correlations with the levels of IL‑1β, IL‑18, and TNF‑α.
تأثير تدريبات لاكتيكية خاصة لتطوير التحمل الخاص وبعض المتغيرات البيوكيميائية و انجاز عدو 400 م حرة للشباب
Authors: عبد المهدي جاسم تقوى , محمد ناصر عامر 
Published: April 2024

تعد العاب الساحة والميدان من العاب الجماهيرية التي تتمتع بقدرات بدنية ومهارات كثيرة ومتنوعة تتسم بأداء سريع ومفاجئ وهذا ما يكون مصحوباً بكفاءة وظيفية لأجهزة الجسم المختلفة ، ومن بين فعاليات العاب القوى فعالية عدو(400) متر وهي التي تتميز بالسرعة والقوة والأثارة، حيث صنفت هذه الفعالية ضمن فعاليات السرعة القصيرة الطويلة الأمد نسبياً، وأن التنافس المستمر لتحطيم الأرقام وتحقيق اعلى درجات الإنجاز في فعاليات العاب القوى بشكل عام وفعالية عدو (400) متر بشكل خاص يعد أحد الموضوعات التي تشغل أذهان الكثير من المهتمين بتحقيق التطور الرقمي لهذه الفعالية نظراً لطول مسافة السباق وزمن قطعها، اذ تعتمد هذه الفعالية في أدائها الحركي والمهاري لتحقيق اعلى المستويات على الصفات البدنية والفسيولوجية ودرجة التكامل بينها، وبصفه خاصة تحمل السرعة وتحمل القوة ، لما لهاتين الصفتين المركبتين من علاقة كبيرة بعامل مقاومة التعب ، فضلا عن تراكم نسبة تركيز حامض اللاكتيك في الدم ، ان تدريبات عدو 400 م بصورة منتظمة يؤدي الى حدوث تغيرات بيوكيميائية تحدث على الاجهزة الداخلية والتي تؤثر على المتغيرات البايوكيميائية والتي تظهر عن طريق وجود انزيمات معينة في الدم او تغير تركيز الانزيمات والتي تعكس التغيرات الفسيولوجية الحاصلة في جسم الانسان . وتساعد التدريبات على زيادة تحمل السرعة و القوة في تطوير بعض المتغيرات البايوكيميائية كانزيم (LDH,CAT) و البدنية للاعدائين الشباب واستخدام تقنيات القياس العلمية
التحليل المكاني لانحدارات سطح الارض شرق محافظة واسط
Authors: راضي حسين القريشي ماجد , عذاب خليف الموسوي حسين 
Published: April 2024

تناولت هذه الدراسة التحليل المكاني لانحدارات سطح الارض شرق محافظة واسط كون منطقة الدراسة لم تحظى سابقاً بدراسات تخص المنحدرات, وبذلك تعد هذه الدراسة الأولى من نوعها في المنطقة والخاصة بدراسة منحدرات , ولاسيما إذ علمنا إن المنطقة ذات طبيعة جبلية في اجزاءها الشمالية والشمالية الشرقية , تبين ذلك من خلال استخدام انموذج الارتفاع الرقمي DEM الذي يعد أفضل البيانات التي تستخدم في نظم المعلومات الجغرافية ولاسيما في دراسة الانحدارات الارضية اذ يتم خلال الـ DEM انتاج خرائط المنحدرات التي يستفاد منها لمعرفة الانحدارات لكل نقطة في منطقة الدراسة , اذ دقة المخرجات بوساطة برامج نظم المعلومات الجغرافية في حساب وتصنيف المنحدرات الارضية والمشتقة من الصور الرادارية فضلاً عن تطبيقات عملية اخرى كحساب شبكة المثلثات واتجاه الانحدار وظل التل والمجسمات الثلاثي الابعاد 3D , ان الدقة المتناهية لهذه المخرجات تعطي فكرة واضحة ومتكاملة في منطقة الدراسة بالرغم من سعة مساحتها في منطقة الدراسة .
Laser Heat Treatment with the Latest System Components
Authors: Bonss Steffen , Hannweber Jan , Karsunke Udo , Kuehn Stefan , Seifert Marko , Poegen Dirk , Beyer Eckhard 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Laser beam heat treatment has been established during the last years as a complementary technology for local hardening treatment tasks at tool manufacturing, automotive industry and many others. Recently developed new high power diode lasers and a lot of process supporting systems lead to an increase of industrial laser hardening applications. The presentation starts with information about the basics of laser heat treatment. After that a review about suitable lasers and recommended systems for reliable and well adapted laser heat treatment processes is given. Recent examples of the transfer of laser beam hardening into industry are presented and discussed.
Residual Stress Distribution in Induction Hardened Gear
Authors: Ivanov Dmitry , Asperheim John Inge , Markegård Leif 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The development of residual stress in an induction hardened small spur gear is numerically simulated. A full scale 3D simulation is utilized to obtain the results, providing the possibility to evaluate the complete distribution of residual stress in the hardened component. Electromagnetic and thermal solutions under induction heating conditions are obtained with Cedrat Flux 3D, whereas EDF Code Aster software is used for thermal simulation during the quenching stage, phase transformation, and stress-strain simulations. The simulated induction heating isotherms and distribution of residual stress are compared with experimental investigations done by Larregain et al. and Savaria et al.
Heat Treating 400-Series Stainless Steel in Air Without Flaking
Authors: Kerber Susan J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
During heat treating in air, 400-series stainless steels suffer from significant oxidation. It will be shown that doping the surface with a small amount of reactive element effect (REE) material can minimize this oxidation. Examples of REE materials include aluminum, silicon and cerium. After this treatment, the thermal oxides that form are thin and protective rather than thick and flaking. The process can be done in the field without any hazardous materials or special equipment. Complex geometries can be protected. The reduction of heat treat warp has also been demonstrated. The net result of the very thin thermal oxide is significantly reduced secondary operations.
Austempering Treatment in HIP Improves Ausferritic Steels and Ductile Irons
Authors: Larker Richard , Rubin Per 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Austempering heat treatments of steels and cast irons are usually performed using salt bath quenching followed by isothermal transformation of austenite to bainite or ausferrite. High Pressure Gas Quenching (HPGQ) at 1-4 MPa gas pressures is increasingly used to replace oil quenching, but may also be used for austempering. However, to obtain sufficient heat transfer high gas speeds &gt;25 m/s are required. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) is widely used for densifying castings and powder-based materials. Recent equipment developments enable Uniform Rapid Quenching (URQ) under 200 MPa pressure and 0.3 m/s speed, providing uniform cooling. Superplastic conditions during austenitization and initially during URQ reduce residual stresses and eliminate internal porosity in castings and PM materials. Hardenability is increased due to stabilization of the close-packed austenite. The inherent freedom provided by HIP to select optimum levels and rates for temperatures and pressures has been shown to improve mechanical properties and reduce process duration.
New Technical Resource for Induction Heat Treating Professionals
Authors: Rudnev Valery 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The recently published ASM Handbook, Volume 4C is specifically devoted to meeting the needs of the induction heating and heat treating community. It is a long-awaited expansion of the ASM Handbook series to cover induction technology in depth. Heating by electromagnetic induction is a topic of major technological significance that continues to grow at an accelerated rate in a variety of thermal applications such as hardening, tempering, stress relieving, brazing, soldering, shrink fitting, melting, normalizing, annealing, coating, as well as re-heating ferrous and non-ferrous metallic materials prior to warm and hot working. The new ASM Handbook volume reflects an ambitious undertaking to compile an all-new, comprehensive resource on 21st-century induction thermal processes. World-recognized experts from leading universities, national research laboratories, and industrial corporations from 10 countries contributed to this volume, making it a truly international work to address leading-edge induction technologies.
The Effects of Tempering on the Structure of Martensite in 52100 Steel
Authors: Yu Haixuan , Lu Yuan , Cai Xiaoqing , Sisson Richard D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To experimentally investigate the effect of tempering temperature and time on the structure and composition of martensite, AISI 52100 was austenized at 1000°C for 40 minutes and quenched in agitated water at 21°C. The as-quenched steel contained body-centered tetragonal (BCT) martensite with 22% retained austenite. These samples were tempered at 100°C, 200°C, and 300°C with different holding times and then were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the effect on the structure of the martensite. It was found that the content of retained austenite did not change after tempering at 100°C. Retained austenite decomposed after tempering for 40 minutes at 300°C. The changes in crystal structures and lattice parameters for tempered martensite with different holding times and temperatures were measured. The effect of sample preparation on retained austenite and the structure of martensite and tempered martensite was evaluated. An effective technique for carbide extraction and collection in steel is introduced.
Development of Nanostructured Austempered Ductile Cast Iron (ADI)
Authors: Putatunda Susil K. , Panneerselvam Saranya , Alshwigi Mohamed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Austempered Ductile Cast Iron (ADI) has emerged as an important engineering material in recent years. It has a combination of high strength, good ductility, good fatigue strength and fracture toughness. Because of these excellent properties, it is now extensively used in many structural applications such as automotive components, earth moving machineries etc. An investigation was carried out to develop ADI with a nano scale microstructure. This was achieved by high temperature deformation and subsequent austempering of ductile cast iron. The effect of processing parameters such as deformation temperature, strain rate, austempering temperature and austempering time on microstructural features such as volume fraction of phases, size and distribution of phases were examined.
Analysis of Heat Treat Growth on Carburized Ring Gear and Multivariate Regression Model Development
Authors: Rowan Olga K. , Yaniak Thomas J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Accurate assessment of heat treat (HT) growth on carburized ring gears is of critical importance when developing new gears or implementing various design/process changes on current production gears. The traditional approach has been to conduct expensive and time consuming HT trials with green and after- HT measurements on a case-by-case basis. An advancement of this process was to create an extensive database in order to develop a predictive model. Various statistical analyses were performed using Minitab. Ring gear HT growth on measurements between pins expressed in % growth gave better predicting power than delta (mm) growth. The best subset model with green hardness data utilizes 7 factors (material, key geometrical features) and yields 98.3% R2. The model developed from a larger dataset without green hardness yields 89.8% R2. On-going work includes continuously updating the database and refining the model. This work will help minimize the number of trials needed for new product launches and shortening of the development cycle.