bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pump‐probe molecular dynamics as a tool for studying protein motion and long range coupling
Authors: Sharp Kim , Skinner John J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA new method for analyzing the dynamics of proteins is developed and tested. The method, pump‐probe molecular dynamics, excites selected atoms or residues with a set of oscillating forces, and the transmission of the impulse to other parts of the protein is probed using Fourier transform of the atomic motions. From this analysis, a coupling profile can be determined which quantifies the degree of interaction between pump and probe residues. Various physical properties of the method such as reciprocity and speed of transmission are examined to establish the soundness of the method. The coupling strength can be used to address questions such as the degree of interaction between different residues at the level of dynamics, and identify propagation of influence of one part of the protein on another via “pathways” through the protein. The method is illustrated by analysis of coupling between different secondary structure elements in the allosteric protein calmodulin, and by analysis of pathways of residue–residue interaction in the PDZ domain protein previously elucidated by genomics and mutational studies. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transport through (Ga,Mn)As nanoconstrictions
Authors: Schlapps Markus , Doeppe Matthias , Wagner Konrad , Reinwald Matthias , Wegscheider Werner , Weiss Dieter 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe investigate magnetoresistance effects for transport across (Ga,Mn)As nanoislands, detached by nanoconstrictions from wider (Ga,Mn)As input leads. As in previous studies a huge magnetoresistance was found for nanoconstrictions in the tunnelling regime. For slightly wider junctions an enhanced anisotropic magnetoresistance effect was observed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Diamond – Application to piezoelectric bimorph cantilever sensors
Authors: Mortet V. , Haenen K. , Potmesil J. , Vanecek M. , D'Olieslaeger M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMicro‐cantilevers are excellent tools to measure tiny forces (from 1 nN up to 10 μN) as shown by the development of atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. That is the reason why micro‐cantilevers are also the most sensitive acoustic sensors. For instance, one can use the variation of the cantilever's resonant frequency to measure mass loading. In this work, we will show first why diamond is the most suitable material for a special type of cantilever sensors: piezoelectric bimorph cantilever sensors. In contrast to other cantilevers, it is possible to actuate piezoelectric bimorph cantilevers and to detect their resonance frequencies simultaneously. Then, we present one application of this type of cantilever: a diamond/AlN cantilever used as a high pressure sensor (up to 7 ar). The sensor operates by monitoring the frequency shift of the first resonant mode (f 1 ∼ 36.5 kHz). We have measured a sensitivity of 0.155 Hz/mbar in pure nitrogen. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Infrared optical properties of heavily B‐doped nanocrystalline diamond films on low alkaline glass substrates
Authors: Remes Z. , Nesladek M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe measured the optical reflectance and transmittance spectra of the heavily B‐doped nanocrystalline diamond thin films deposited on low alkali barium alumino‐borosilicate glasses in a broad spectral range from ultraviolet to infrared light. We succeed to calculate separately the dielectric functions of the semitransparent B‐doped nanodiamond film and the glass substrate. The infrared dielectric function of a glass substrate is approximated by the classical Lorentz sum model of bounded oscillators whereas the infrared dielectric function of the heavily B‐doped nanodiamond film by the Drude model of free carriers. The free carrier concentration calculated from the plasma frequency only roughly corresponds to the free carrier concentration measured in Hall effect. Moreover, from the Drude model follows the high damping of free carrier oscillations in B‐NCD that correlates to their low Hall mobility. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
n‐type CVD diamond doped with phosphorus using the MOCVD technology for dopant incorporation
Authors: Kociniewski T. , Barjon J. , Pinault M.‐A. , Jomard F. , Lusson A. , Ballutaud D. , Gorochov O. , Laroche J. M. , Rzepka E. , Chevallier J. , Saguy C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractUntil now, phosphorus is the best substitutional dopant for n‐type diamond. Its incorporation is usually achieved using phosphine gas. However, organic precursors of phosphorus have been recently investigated. Among them, tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP) appears as an alternative to phosphine. In this report, we investigate the n‐type doping of diamond with liquid TBP using the metal‐organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) technology for dopant incorporation. Our first results with liquid TBP precursor are compared with the results published for gaseous organic precursors of phosphorus. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of the degradability of poly(lactide) packages in composting and ambient exposure conditions
Authors: Kale Gaurav , Auras Rafael , Singh Sher Paul 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe adoption of biodegradable polymeric materials is increasing in food and consumer goods packaging applications, due to concerns about the disposal of petroleum‐based polymers and the increasing cost of petroleum‐based polymer resins. Currently, poly(lactide) (PLA) polymers are the biggest commercially available bio‐based polymeric packaging materials. As the main motivation for adopting biopolymers is environmental, there is a need to address the degradability and environmental performance of biodegradable packages. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the degradation of two commercially available biodegradable packages made of PLA under real compost conditions and under ambient exposure, using visual inspection, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. A novel technique to study and track the degradability of these packages under real compost conditions was used. Both packages were subjected to composting and ambient exposure conditions for 30 days, and the degradation of the physical properties was measured at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 15 and 30 days. PLA bottles made of 96% l‐lactide exhibited lower degradation than PLA delicatessen (‘deli’) containers made of 94% l‐lactide, mainly due to their highly ordered structure and, therefore, their higher crystallinity. The degradation rate changed as the initial crystallinity and the l‐lactide content of the packages varied. Temperature, relative humidity and pH of the compost pile played an important role in the rate of degradation of the packages. First‐order degradation kinetics and linear degradation trends were observed for both packages subjected to composting conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation Models for Optimizing the Design of Clinical Trials
Authors: Abbas Ismail , Rovira Joan , Cobo Erik , Casanovas Josep 
Published: August 2006

AbstractClinical trials can be looked at as an economic optimization problem. They are often costly and take a great deal of time. Inappropriate design and management of a clinical trial can lead to inefficient and wasteful use of resources. The objective of our research programme is to develop simulation models for the economic optimization of clinical trial designs and management. A simulation model for optimizing the design of clinical trials has been developed. An economic optimization function integrating the statistical power, cost and duration variables of clinical trials was formulated, and the use of simulation to assess this optimization is described. This paper suggests that there is a need to integrate clinical research with statistics, economics and computer considerations in a general model for optimizing clinical trials, subject to explicit criteria and assumptions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bootstrap Analysis of Designed Experiments
Authors: Kenett Ron S. , Rahav Effi , Steinberg David M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn the first ENBIS conference in Oslo, Kenett and Steinberg (On the application of bootstrapping in analyzing designed experiments. Proceedings of the 1st Annual Conference on Business and Industrial Statistics, Oslo, Norway, 17–18 September 2001) proposed the application of bootstrapping to the analysis of data derived from moderate size designed experiments. In this paper we present follow‐up work with an emphasis on designed experiments with censored data, heteroscedasticity and constraints related to the structure of the experiment. Our results show clear advantages to bootstrap‐based data analysis, which is both robust and relatively easy to apply. The bootstrap analysis often points to problems in linear model analyses that might easily be overlooked. These findings suggest that bootstrapping can contribute significantly to the design of experiments methodology. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Features of Kansei Engineering Characterizing its Use in Two Studies: Men's Everyday Footwear and Historic Footwear
Authors: van Lottum Carolyn , Pearce Kim , Coleman Shirley 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe consumer goods sector is increasingly competitive with many manufacturers now operating in a global market. The growing numbers of on‐line stores and product review Web sites have given the consumer new ways to compare and contrast product features before making a choice. The need for manufacturers to understand and interpret the wishes of their target consumer has led to the development of a number of techniques aimed at bringing the ‘voice of the customer’ into the design process. These have been successfully used by European manufacturers to identify quality and functional features critical to their customer base. However, an approach called Kansei engineering developed in the Far East uses the voice of the customer in a different way, identifying subjective emotional requirements as opposed to quality/functional requirements. Using Kansei engineering, it is possible to incorporate consumer emotion into the product design process, creating products that appeal to customers on a subjective level. This paper outlines the results of two field studies carried out as part of KENSYS, a Fifth Framework European project examining the use of Kansei engineering and product semantics as a suitable tool for European small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Use of a 12‐run Plackett–Burman Design in the Injection Moulding of a Technical Plastic Component
Authors: Tyssedal John , Grinde Hallgeir , Røstad Carl C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDuring injection moulding of technical plastic components it is often the case that 15–20 variables need to be set to operational conditions when the production of a new plastic components is started. In this case study, a 12‐run Plackett–Burman design is used in the experimentation with eight factors and nine responses to obtain better operational conditions for the production of a certain product. A 12‐run Plackett–Burman design belongs to the class of non‐geometric orthogonal arrays. Most of these designs have very good projection properties compared with their run sizes, but due to partial aliasing among effects, standard methods of analysing fractional factorial two‐level designs do not apply. In this paper, part of the planning of the experiment, the method of analysis used and the results achieved are presented. Substantial improvement in the operational conditions was obtained. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistics‐driven Development of OBD Systems: An Overview
Authors: Barone Stefano 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAutomotive on‐board diagnostic (OBD) systems are designed to keep critical components under control during vehicle functioning, and to alert the driver in case of severe malfunctions. OBD systems aimed at reducing polluting emissions are mandatory on new motor vehicles. Some research projects conducted in cooperation between universities and the automotive industry have been quite successful in terms of knowledge advancement and industrial gain. An updated overview of the adopted methodologies and results obtained are given in this article. Such results can be valuable for both theorists and practitioners, since they witness the use of statistics as a powerful catalyst of technical progress, and give a possible line of action for further application in several scientific fields. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivariate Control Charts Based on Bayesian State Space Models
Authors: Triantafyllopoulos K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper develops a new multivariate control charting method for vector autocorrelated and serially correlated processes. The main idea is to propose a Bayesian multivariate local level model, which is a generalization of the Shewhart–Deming model for autocorrelated processes, in order to provide the predictive error distribution of the process and then to apply a univariate modified exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart to the logarithm of the Bayes' factors of the predictive error density versus the target error density. The resulting chart is proposed as capable of dealing with both the non‐normality and the autocorrelation structure of the log Bayes' factors. The new control charting scheme is general in application and it has the advantage of controlling simultaneously not only the process mean vector and the dispersion covariance matrix, but also the entire target distribution of the process. Two examples of London Metal Exchange data and of production time series data illustrate the capabilities of the new control chart. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid Method for Quantifying and Analyzing Bayesian Belief Nets
Authors: Hanea A. M. , Kurowicka D. , Cooke R. M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBayesian belief nets (BBNs) have become a popular tool for specifying high‐dimensional probabilistic models. Commercial tools with an advanced graphical user interface that support BBNs construction and inference are available. Thus, building and working with BBNs is very efficient as long as one is not forced to quantify complex BBNs. A high assessment burden of discrete BBNs is often caused by the discretization of continuous variables. Until recently, continuous BBNs were restricted to the joint normal distribution. We present the ‘copula–vine’ approach to continuous BBNs. This approach is quite general and allows traceable and defendable quantification methods, but it comes at a price: these BBNs must be evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation. Updating such a BBN requires re‐sampling the whole structure. The advantages of fast updating algorithms for discrete BBNs are decisive. A hybrid method advanced here samples the continuous BBN once, and then discretizes this so as to enable fast updating. This combines the reduced assessment burden and modelling flexibility of the continuous BBNs with the fast updating algorithms of discrete BBNs. Sampling large complex structures only once can still involve time consuming numerical calculations. Therefore a new sampling protocol based on normal vines is developed. Normal vines are used to realize the dependence structure specified via (conditional) rank correlations on the continuous BBN. We will emphasize the advantages of this method by means of examples. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paleoceanographic evolution of the SW Svalbard margin (76°N) since 20,000 14C yr BP
Authors: Rasmussen Tine L. , Thomsen Erik , Ślubowska Marta A. , Jessen Simon , Solheim Anders , Koç Nalân 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTwo cores from the southwestern shelf and slope of Storfjorden, Svalbard, taken at 389 m and 1485 m water depth have been analyzed for benthic and planktic foraminifera, oxygen isotopes, and ice-rafted debris. The results show that over the last 20,000 yr, Atlantic water has been continuously present on the southwestern Svalbard shelf. However, from 15,000 to 10,000 14C yr BP, comprising the Heinrich event H1 interval, the Bølling–Allerød interstades and the Younger Dryas stade, it flowed as a subsurface water mass below a layer of polar surface water. In the benthic environment, the shift to interglacial conditions occurred at 10,000 14C yr BP. Due to the presence of a thin upper layer of polar water, surface conditions remained cold until ca. 9000 14C yr BP, when the warm Atlantic water finally appeared at the surface. Neither extensive sea ice cover nor large inputs of meltwater stopped the inflow of Atlantic water. Its warm core was merely submerged below the cold polar surface water.
Use of Nontraditional Therapies—Implications for Older Adults
Authors: Haynes Linda C. , Martin Jan Hoot , Endres Dianne 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTUsing nontraditional therapies to replace traditional medical treatment is becoming more popular in the United States. Nurses in the twenty‐first century are faced with the challenge of broadening their view of health care and discovering the benefits of nontraditional, often ancient, health care principles and practices. Health care professionals and patients need to understand, however, that although a nontraditional therapy may be natural or noninvasive, it is not necessarily safe and without consequences. This article discusses the increased use of nontraditional therapies among older adults with a focus on the use and perioperative implications of botanical, herbal, and nutritional supplements. AORN J 77 (May 2003) 913–922.
Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding for Morbid Obesity
Authors: Ferraro Dorothy Roedel 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTMorbid obesity, with its accompanying human and monetary costs, is a serious and growing health problem worldwide. Surgical treatments are recognized as being effective, but until recently, the available surgical options entailed invasive techniques that permanently altered the gastrointestinal tract. In June 2001, the US Food and Drug Administration approved an adjustable gastric banding system that can be implanted laparoscopically for the treatment of morbid obesity. This article discusses laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, including patient selection and evaluation, perioperative care, and the importance of a team approach to patient management and follow‐up care. AORN J 77 (May 2003) 924–940.
What is New with Renal Transplantation?
Authors: Wallace Miriam A. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTDialysis and transplantation bring new hope and life to thousands of patients with end‐stage renal disease. Renal transplantation restores reasonably normal health to patients whose kidneys no longer function and frees them from the limitations imposed by dialysis. Improved graft survival rates have further enhanced the desirability of transplantation. Currently in the United States, more than 80,000 people are living with a functioning renal transplant. The introduction of laparoscopic and laparoscopy‐assisted techniques has proven to be a major improvement to living donation. This less invasive method of donating a kidney has more than doubled the chance that a patient with kidney failure will receive a transplant from a friend or loved one. New immunosuppressant medications, improved success rates, and the proliferation of transplantation centers have made renal transplantation a viable choice for many patients. The future will be dependent upon a marked increase in organ donation, which in turn will bring about earlier transplantation for patients with end‐stage organ failure. AORN J 77 (May 2003) 946–966.
Legal and Ethical Issues Related to Nonheart Beating Organ Donation
Authors: McKenney Elizabeth , Parker Bridgette 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTMajor breakthroughs in immunosuppressant medication and advances in surgical techniques have increased the number of successful transplantations, but the demand for organs far outweighs the supply. People continue to die while waiting for donor organs to become available. Nonheart beating organ donation is a means of increasing the supply of organs to be transplanted. It is based on cardiac cessation criteria. This article explores the ethical and legal considerations, as well as implications for perioperative nurses. AORN J 77 (May 2003) 973–976.
The Cost and Efficacy of Two Wound Treatments
Authors: Capasso Virginia A. , Munro Barbara Hazard 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTUsing the physiology of moist wound healing as the framework, this nonexperimental, retrospective chart review compared the rate of wound healing and cost of wound care associated with wet‐to‐dry normal saline gauze dressings to the rate of wound healing and cost of wound care associated with amorphous hydrogel dressings for patients with infrainguinal arterial disease and diabetes. These patients were discharged from the hospital to home care for management of perioperative arterial surgical wound dehiscence and nonhealing ulcerations. The sample included 25 patients who used wet‐to‐dry normal saline gauze dressings and 25 patients who used amorphous hydrogel dressings. Repeated measures of analysis of covariance revealed a similar rate of wound healing in the two groups. The overall cost of wound care was significantly higher (P= .006) for patients in the normal saline group, with a higher number and cost of home nursing visits. The cost of supplies was not significantly different between groups, although amorphous hydrogel dressings cost an average of $50 more than wet‐to‐dry normal saline gauze dressings. The two treatments are equally efficacious in promoting wound healing, but amorphous hydrogel dressings are significantly more cost effective and, thus, a better value for the home care dollar.AORN J77 (May 2003) 984–1004.
Preoperative Skin Testing of Materials Used in Surgical Procedures
Authors: Hammarsten Rosalie , Hammarsten Jan , Jemsby Per 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTPostoperative skin complications increase health care costs and cause patient suffering. In the OR, patients are exposed to materials with adhesive substances that have the potential to cause allergic or toxic effects on the skin. Intraoperatively and postoperatively, these reactions can result in skin complications. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of skin reactions in connection with the application of different materials. Skin reactions after preoperative skin testing occurred in 3% to 50% of patients with atopic or contact eczema, allergy, or asthma in their medical history. AORN J 77 (April 2003) 762–771.
A Laboratory‐based Study to Assess the Performance of Surgical Gloves
Authors: Korniewicz Denise M. , El‐Masri Maher M. , Broyles John M. , Martin Christopher D. , O'Connell Kevin P. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThe inherent tear resistance and elasticity of latex and the touch sensitivity it provides has made it the traditional material of choice for surgical gloves, protecting both health care workers and patients from the transmission of bloodborne infections. Although increased incidence of latex allergy has led to increased use of nonlatex surgical gloves, the effectiveness of these gloves as a barrier to infection has not been examined thoroughly. This laboratory‐based study compared the performance of latex and nonlatex surgical gloves in a simulated stress protocol. The propensity of surgical gloves to fail was dependent on glove material, manufacturer, and stress. Nonlatex neoprene and nitrile gloves were comparable to latex and can provide a good alternative to latex for allergic patients and health care workers. In this study, isoprene was found to be inferior to latex and other nonlatex materials. The presence or absence of glove powder had no significant influence on the probability of glove failure. AORN J 71 (April 2003) 772–779.