bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Clinical Profiles and Outcomes Between Early-onset and Older Patients Hospitalized for Coronary Artery Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Authors: Shali Shalaimaiti , Yao Kang , Luo Linfeng , Wu Hongyi , Zhang Shuning , Xu Lili , Gao Wei , Li Jianxuan , Xu Rende , Chang Shufu , Li Chenguang , Qian Juying , Zheng Yan , Dai Yuxiang , Ge Junbo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Contemporary data on age-dependent differences in risk factors, hospital care and outcomes between early-onset and older patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is limited in Han Chinese.
Methods
In this nation-wide, prospective cohort study, a total of 1524 early-onset patients (onset age ≤ 45 years) and 1374 older patients (onset age ≥ 65 years) with angiographically established severe atherosclerotic obstructive CAD were included from 38 hospitals across China. Participants were followed three years for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).
Results
Compared to older patients, male sex (95.6%), smoking (74.8%), drinking (43.6%), and obesity (30.1%) were more prevalent, whereas hypertension and diabetes were less common among young patients (all P < 0.001). Early-onset patients were more likely to present with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI), and to undergo revascularization, but be treated with suboptimal guideline-directed medications than their older counterparts (all P < 0.001). During the follow-up, 96 (6.3%) early-onset patients developed MACE. Female sex (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–5.38), previous MI (adjusted HR = 2.23; 95%CI:1.44–3.45), and the number of diseased vessels (adjusted HR = 1.93; 95%CI:1.12–3.34) were strong baseline determinants of subsequent MACE. Early-onset patients were at a greater risk of non-target lesion acceleration than the older patients (adjusted HR = 2.39; 95%CI:1.83–3.09).
Conclusion
Early-onset CAD patients in China carried a heavier burden of modifiable risk factors pertaining to unhealthy behaviors and had a higher risk of aggressive progression of non-target lesions than older patients. Intensive secondary prophylactic measures are recommended among young adults against future ischemic events.
Trial registration:
www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 02496858)
Individualized Prediction of Stroke-Associated Pneumonia and its severity for Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zhang Lulu , Wang Qi , Li Yidan , Ding Dongxue , Zhu Juehua , Fang Qi , Yao Ye , Tang Xiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) remains a neglected area despite its high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to establish an easy-to-use model for predicting SAP and SAP severity.
Methods: 275 acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients were enrolled, and 73 (26.55%) patients were diagnosed with SAP. T-test, Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to investigate the associations of patient characteristics with pneumonia and its severity, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to construct a prediction scale.
Results: Three variables with the most significant associations, including age, NGT placement, and right cerebral hemisphere lesions combined with gender, were used to construct a dysphagia prediction scale with high accuracy (AUC = 0.93). Youden index of our SAP prediction model was 0.77. The sensitivity and specificity of our SAP prediction model were 0.89 and 0.88, respectively.
Conclusions: We identified the best predictive model for SAP and SAP severity in AIS patients. Our study was as clinically relevant as possible, focusing on features that are routinely available. The contribution of selected variables is visually displayed through SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Our model can help to distinguish AIS patients of high-risk, provide specific management, reduce healthcare costs and prevent life-threatening complications or even death.
Application of TLBO for Optimal AGC of Interconnected Multi-Area Multi-Source Hybrid Power System with DRC
Authors: Kumar Rajan , Prasad Lal Bahadur 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

As a first attempt this article investigates the load frequency regulation, an automatic generation control (AGC) problem of an interconnected multi-area multi-source hybrid power system (MAMS-HPS) with demand response contribution (DRC) using the teaching learning-based optimisation (TLBO) algorithm. Here, the MAMS-HPS is configured containing the micro-hydro, biogas, biodiesel, solar-thermal, and wind turbine generating units arranging in interconnected two-unequal areas. Due to the increased presence and penetration of RES in power system, a high degree of unpredictability and dependence on the nature significantly introduces the difficulty in balancing the generation and load demand. To address this problem, an approach is taken to optimize proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller gains using optimisation algorithms namely the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and TLBO to accessing the responses under various realistic scenarios of availability and variations of RES as well as load variations. The responses are accessed by adding a DRC system also. The MATLAB-Simulink model is developed for the system simulation and comparative performance analysis of control schemes in terms of time domain specifications observing the responses of the system states.
Association between ABO blood type and periodontal disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Saito Mizuki , Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Yoshii Saori , Kojima Tetsuhito 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Several studies have investigated the association between the ABO blood type and periodontal disease. However, the results have been inconsistent and no scientific consensus has been reached. This study examined the association between ABO blood type and periodontal disease using health-examination data from a large population, considering the influence of confounding factors.
Methods
The study included 2,374 individuals who underwent health examinations, including oral-health examinations and blood-type tests. The Community Periodontal Index was used to evaluate periodontal status. Logistic regression analysis was performed with periodontal status as the dependent variable and age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, smoking status, blood type, and number of teeth as independent variables; odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
Results
The numbers of participants with blood types A, B, AB, and O were 879 (38.0%), 500 (21.6%), 234 (10.1%), and 698 (30.2%), respectively. Individuals with blood types A and AB had significantly higher ORs for severe periodontitis compared with individuals who had blood type B (OR: 1.46 [95% CI: 1.02–2.09] and 1.89 [95% CI: 1.18–3.02], respectively).
Conclusions
Individuals with blood types A and AB had an increased risk of periodontitis. Assessments of conventional risk factors are crucial for preventing the onset and progression of periodontal disease. Additionally, future studies should consider the potential influence of blood type on periodontal status.
Geological evidence: New insights into rock avalanche dynamics
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Chen Mei , Liu Yuanyuan , Wünnemann Bernd , Cheng Qiangong , Ming Jie , Hu Liwen , Li Kun , Lin Qiwen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Rock avalanches (RAs) are among the most enigmatic geological processes on Earth and other planets, characterized by extremely high mobility1-7. Although great work has been conducted with many hypotheses being proposed8-19, the mechanism for its high mobility remains a challenging issue due to a lack of geological evidence20-21. Microscope observations and mineral analysis of the basal and body facies of the Nyixoi Chongco RA on the Tibetan Plateau, China, revealed that grains in the RA deform by brittle fracturing with the frictional temperatures ranging from 270 ~ 300 ℃. The basal facies features a dilated regime with a high fragmentation degree, but the body facies displays a dense regime with relatively low fragmentation, although their temperatures are similar. A jigsaw structure characterized by intense collision is observed in the basal facies but is lacking in the body facies. With these geological evidences, we propose that the frictional temperature of most RAs characterized by brittle fracturing should be low that cannot cause thermal decomposition or melt. A mechanism similar to the Leidenfrost effect should occur in the basal facies, which is related to landquakes and dominates the high mobility of RAs by the generation of a relatively dilated regime with the main mass propagating as a cataclastic flow.
Association between lipid biomarkers and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2007–2010
Authors: Liu Zhiwen , Zhong Yelin , Peng Zijing , Zhong Wei , Zhang Zhihai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Bone mineral density (BMD) is an established indicator of bone health, with lower BMD associated with increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are acknowledged as novel lipid biomarkers. However, the relationship between lipid biomarkers and BMD remains uncertain. This study examines the association between lipid biomarkers and BMD in a representative US population.
Methods: Utilizing cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2010, we analyzed BMD measurements at the total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine. Serum lipid levels, including TG, TC, LDL and HDL, were assessed. Multivariable regression models adjusted for confounders such as age, gender, race, BMI, laboratory indices, and lifestyle factors were used to explore the association between lipid biomarkers and BMD. In addition, several subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the outcomes.
Results: Our cross-sectional analysis included a total of 3213 participants from the NHANES 2007–2010 dataset, representing a diverse adult population, identified significant associations between lipid biomarkers and bone mineral density (BMD) at key anatomical sites. This study found that TC and HDL were negatively correlated with femoral BMD, and TG was positively correlated with femoral BMD. After fully adjusting for covariates, the negative association between TC and lumbar BMD remained significant (β= -0.0002,95%CI: -0.0004 to -0.0001, p<0.001). After transforming TC into categorical variables (quartiles), participants in the highest quartile of TC showed significantly lower BMD measurements compared with those in the lowest quartile (β= -0.019,95%CI: -0.033 to -0.005, p=0.007). Subgroup analysis showed that the association between TC and lumbar BMD was more pronounced in women (β= -0.042,95%CI: -0.053 to -0.030, p<0.001) and Mexican Americans (β= -0.093,95%CI: -0.109 to -0.076, p<0.001). Gender and ethnic differences were prominent in the lipid-BMD association, highlighting the importance of considering demographic factors when assessing the risk of osteoporosis.
Conclusions: HDL and TC were negatively correlated with total femoral BMD, and TG was positively correlated with femoral BMD. And TC might serve as a potential lipid biomarkers of osteoporosis outperforming HDL, TG and LDL. The complex correlation between the lipid biomarkers and bone metabolism requires further evaluation in large prospective studies. The observed gender and racial differences in these associations underscore the need for personalized approaches in osteoporosis risk assessment and management.
Effects of acute bouts of exercise on balance and the influence of aerobic capacity on fall risk in older adults: a scoping review
Authors: Gashi Arbër , Zieschang Tania , Koschate Jessica 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Falls are a major health concern among older adults causing around 684,000 deaths annually. By 2050, 16% of the world population is projected to be 65 years and older hence effective fall prevention strategies are crucial for the health systems. The World Falls Guidelines from 2022 classified cardiovascular disease as a potential risk factor while recommending multidomain fall-prevention intervention strategies in older community dwelling adults. Individual cardiorespiratory fitness was not further discussed leading to the aim of this scoping review which is to (1) assess the effects acute bouts of aerobic exercise on balance, fall risk or fall rate and to (2) assess the relationship between aerobic capacity, balance, fall risk and fall rate in older adults.
Methods: A scoping review was conducted, including peer-reviewed articles written in in English language, dating from 1957 to February 2024 that are listed in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Eligible for inclusion were articles using the following keywords and their synonyms: aerobic capacity, falls, balance, exercise, and older adults. The references were categorized in two topics: (1) effects of acute bouts of exercise on balance or gait performance as fall risk factors in older persons and (2) the direct relation between aerobic capacity, balance and fall rate in older adults. The findings were systematically summarized, using the PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines.
Results: Twelve articles with a total of 11,109 persons aged between 20 and 94 years old were included. Eight publications reported impaired balance after moderate to strenuous exercise in older adults. The direct relationship of aerobic capacity and fall risk was described in four publications, suggesting an inverse relationship.
Conclusions: After acute bouts of aerobic exercise, an intensity-related impairment of balance in older persons was observed, a finding worth acknowledging when prescribing strenuous exercise with increased lactate levels to older adults. Since the effects lasted from 10 to 30 minutes, it is recommended to avoid balance challenging tasks after moderate to strenuous exercise in this demographic.
Estudio tecnológico de la fibra y biometría de la Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) de la zona nuclear de Pampa Galera, Lucanas-Ayacucho
Authors: Trejo C. Wilder , Rojas E. 
Published: April 2024

Se realizaron mediciones biométricas, análisis de diámetro y longitud en 71 vicuñas esquiladas en la zona nuclear de la Reserva Nacional de Pampa Galera, Bárbara D’ Achile. Las medidas corporales evaluadas demuestran que no existe dimorfismo sexual en vicuñas y que las variaciones se deben principalmente a la edad del animal. Se encontró que la vicuña adulta muestra una altura a la cruz, diámetro torácico, longitud del animal y altura a la cabeza de 85.2 ± 4.97, 86.47 ± 5.0, 79.6 ± 4.9 y 125.09 ± 6.33 cm, respectivamente. El diámetro de fibra de vicuña promedio de toda la evaluación resultó ser 11.64 ± 1.3µ, encontrándose una interacción entre sexo y edad del animal, siendo el menor diámetro para los animales jóvenes. El promedio de longitud de la fibra de vellón de vicuña fue de 1.083+0.25 pulgadas e indiferente a los factores de sexo, edad y zona corporal.
Distribución del Ruido Ambiental en el Campus de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina en el periodo Enero-Marzo 2007
Authors: Chávez C. Oscar , Yoza Y. Luis , Arellano V. Ana 
Published: April 2024

El presente estudio tuvo como finalidad determinar la distribución del ruido ambiental en el campus de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM) para el periodo enero – marzo del 2007, para lo cual se efectuó un cuadriculado del campus y sus límites, con un total de 69 estaciones, cuyas mediciones se realizaron en los horarios diurno y nocturno en días laborables, y posteriormente se elaboraron los mapas de distribución de ruido ambiental diurno, nocturno y el indicador Lden (diurno-tarde-nocturno) con el software Arc Gis 9.2. Los resultados indicaron que los valores del nivel de presión sonora continuo equivalente (LAeq,T) para los periodos diurno y nocturno están, en gran parte del campus, por encima de los límites estipulados por los Estándares de Calidad Ambiental para Ruido para las zonas de Protección Especial, a causa del ruido proveniente del trafico vehicular externo e interno al campus y de las actividades de tipo industrial y comercial dentro del mismo; destacándose el ruido por tráfico vehicular en el exterior del campus debido al alto flujo vehicular de las avenidas La Molina y Raúl Ferrero.
Estudio anatómico del leño diez especies tropicales del Perú
Authors: Lujan M. Juan , Chavesta C. Manuel 
Published: April 2024

El presente trabajo tuvo como finalidad estudiar la estructura anatómica y la elaboración de una clave dicotómica para diez especies tropicales procedentes de Loreto (Perú). La descripción de las características generales y macroscópicas de las maderas se obtuvo de muestras de xiloteca en condición seca al aire y las microscópicas de láminas histológicas y tejido macerado. Resalta el olor agradable en Ocotea fragrantissima y Ocotea javitensis. Microscópicamente los elementos vasculares en Minquartia guianensis presentan platina de perforación simple y escaleriforme; radios agregados y dos tamaños distintos en Vochysia braceliniae y Vochysia lomatophylla respectivamente; fibras estratificadas en Hymenaea courbaril y Tachigalia vasquezii; tubos laticíferos en Xylopia nitida y células oleosas en Diplotropis purpurea, Ocotea fragrantissima y Ocotea javitensis.
Los medios de comunicación y la sociedad de la información
Authors: Martínez A. Ostiano 
Published: April 2024

En la historia de la comunicación humana hay sólo cuatro hitos fundacionales que modificaron completamente las relaciones de los seres humanos entre sí y su entorno. La invención del lenguaje, la del alfabeto, la de la imprenta, y de las redes de comunicación. Con las redes de comunicación atravesamos el cuarto hito evolutivo que divide la historia del ser humano en un antes y un después. Podemos afirmar que el proyecto de la modernidad ya se está agotando y que los medios de comunicación constituyen un factor clave en las transformaciones sociales y culturales de la sociedad actual. Por eso, el gran desarrollo de las tecnologías comunicativas en las últimas décadas ha permitido la expansión del conocimiento y las costumbres que la sociedad de la información (posmoderna) viene fomentando. El presente trabajo es un estudio que permite explicar cómo y qué papel cumplen los medios de comunicación en una sociedad contemporánea como la nuestra, que está en un proceso de cambio dramático, ya se llame sociedad mediática, de la información, del capitalismo tardío, como lo califica Frederic Jamenson, o posmoderna
Oferta exportables de productos agrícolas de la sierra
Authors: Linares S. Agapito 
Published: April 2024

El actual contexto mundial en que se encuentra el comercio en general, y específicamente el comercio agrícola en particular, ha incrementado significativamente el interés de los consumidores en especial de los países desarrollados por alimentos libres de agroquímicos y en cuya producción se aplican criterios tendientes a preservar el medio ambiente y la salud. Se identifica oportunidades de exportación para países como el nuestro en el rubro de productos orgánicos. Este paradigma, de producción limpia y protección del medio ambiente, se presenta como un reto estratégico en los objetivos de modernización del sector agroalimentario, además de la conquista de nuevos mercados. La viabilidad de los acuerdos bilaterales y multilaterales asegura el mercado para los productos no tradicionales de la costa eminentemente competitivos. Pero adicionalmente se presenta esta ventana interesante para los productos orgánicos con propiedades y características nutritivas notables ubicados en la sierra de nuestro país.En este sentido los objetivos que se persigue con el presente estudio son:1. Dar a conocer las ventajas que ofrecen productos de la sierra con potencial exportador en función de su demanda, así como los beneficios que se generaría en beneficio de los agricultores.2. Presentar y difundir información, para el establecimiento de cadenas productivas y de comercialización, que vinculen la zona rural andina con las actividades económicas nacionales y de exportación.3. Promover proyectos para la creación de corredores económicos que coadyuven al impulso de la economía andina. La metodología empleada se basa en el enfoque de demanda, donde la Oferta exportable de los Productos Agrarios de la Sierra es determinada en función de la demanda internacional; la oferta de los productos importantes con capacidad productiva son identificados, en base a los diferentes tipos de demanda que existen actualmente y a partir de esto se plantean estrategias de promoción de negocios. En forma específica y metodológica se identifican productos competitivos y rentables que produce la Sierra o que puede producir de acuerdo a la demanda de segmentos de mercados externos actuales y potenciales. Los resultados encontrados en función de la demanda, la rentabilidad y las ventajas competitivas que ofrecen productos de la sierra con potencial exportador son: el maíz morado, maíz blanco gigante, la quinua, kiwicha, tara, maca, orégano, y haba en grano, resultados que beneficiarían indudablemente a los agricultores de la Sierra. Perú país orgánico
Análisis de supervivencia en presencia de riesgos competitivos, un enfoque no paramétrico
Authors: Bullón C. Luz 
Published: April 2024

En muchas investigaciones hay interés en estudiar el tiempo de vida (o de sobrevida) con el objetivo de estimar la función de supervivencia. Particularmente en investigación clínica o biomédica, es muy frecuente encontrar datos de tiempo de vida asociados a múltiples eventos causas de falla. Dichos eventos pueden ser concurrentes, ordenados o aleatorios. En esta situación se dice que el análisis es de riesgos competitivos y la metodología que aquí se presenta es con enfoque no paramétrico de Kaplan-Meier. El método se ilustra con datos presentados en Molinero (2004) y se efectúa una comparación de esta metodología frente a la de Kaplan-Meier clásico, concluyendo que en presencia de eventos competitivos no es conveniente usar este último.
Pago del Servicio Ambiental Hídrico para conservar la parte alta de la Cuenca del Río Mala
Authors: Jimenez D. Luis 
Published: April 2024

El pago por el servicio ambiental hídrico en la cuenca del río Mala se determina calculando la disposición a pagar de los usuarios de la parte baja del valle, para compensar el valor de captación y de protección de la zona de recarga. El 35% de las familias esta dispuesto a pagar en efectivo US$ 10.30/año, el 54% en trabajos comunales valorizados en US$ 86/año y un 11% en ambas modalidades. La cuenca del río Mala esta conformado por su propio valle y dos afluentes, el río Quinches (Ayavirí) – Yauyos y el río San Lorenzo – Huarochirí. El bosque de recarga hídrica es de 100 ha, 40 ha en las nacientes del río Ayavirí y 60 ha en el río San Lorenzo. El balance hídrico de la cuenca total tiene una zona de recarga de 60 km2, con una oferta hídrica de 7,380,000 m3 y una demanda de 5,826,969 m3, existiendo un superávit. En la subcuenca del río Quinches el valor de captación lo determina la ganadería con US$ 2,000/año, mientras el valor de protección (bosques con especies nativas) requiere una compensación mínima de US$ 277 al primer año y de US$ 137 en los años sucesivos; en la subcuenca del río San Lorenzo el valor de captación lo determina la agricultura con US$ 3,600/año y el valor de protección de los bosques requiere compensación mínima de US$ 287 y 147. Valores que pueden ser cubiertos con la disposición a pagar de los usuarios de la parte baja del valle. La evaluación financiera para conservar el bosque, con una tasa de descuento privada del 18% obtuvo un valor presente de US$ 15,268 (60% de la inversión) y una tasa de retorno del 32%.