bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronary artery in-stent stenosis persists despite inhibition of the von Willebrand factor - collagen interaction in baboons
Authors: Badenhorst Philip , Pieters Henry , Lamprecht Seb , Roodt Jan , Janssens Stefan , Meiring Muriel , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Bruwer André , Brown Stephen , De Meyer Simon , Staelens Stephanie , Deckmyn Hans 
Published: November 2007

SummaryRevascularization techniques, such as angioplasty and stent implantation, frequently lead to restenosis due to the formation of neointima after platelet activation and the concomittant release of various smooth muscle cell mitogenic and attractant factors. We here investigate whether inhibition of initial platelet adhesion after stent implantation can decrease neointima formation in a clinically relevant baboon model of in-stent stenosis using standard treatment with aspirin, clopidogrel and heparin. Inhibition of platelet adhesion was established by administration of the anti-von Willebrand factor (VWF) monoclonal antibody 82D6A3, which inhibits VWF binding to collagen. Administration of 82D6A3 resulted in a complete inhibition of VWF binding to collagen during the first three days after stent implantation. No thrombocytopenia or prolongation of the bleeding time was observed. Our results show that the formation of neointima was not affected in the group of baboons where primary platelet adhesion was abolished with 82D6A3 when compared to the control group. Vascular injury scores were the same in both groups. Inhibition of platelet adhesion during the first three days after stenting, on top of standard treatment with aspirin, clopidogrel and heparin, had no effect on neo-intima formation in a baboon model of in-stent stenosis. During the last decade, attempts to translate seemingly effective therapies based on smaller animal experimentation to the clinic have consistently failed. This study, using a non-human primate model that more closely resembles the clinical situation, presents a model that may be of further clinical interest for studying the prevention of restenosis.
Prediction of recurrent venous thromboembolism by measuring ProC Global
Authors: Hron Gregor , Hirschl Mirko , Bialonczyk Christine , Minar Erich , Kollars Marietta , Kyrle Paul , Eichinger Sabine 
Published: November 2007

SummaryIn patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) a laboratory assay that globally measures the overall thrombophilic tendency is not available. We hypothesized that determination of ProC® Global, a plasma assay which tests the global function of the protein C pathway, could be used to stratify patients according to their risk of recurrent VTE. We prospectively followed 774 patients with first spontaneous VTE for a mean time of 52 months. ProC Global normalized ratio (NR) was measured in plasma by use of a commercially available assay based on activated partial thromboplastin time. Ninety-eight of the 774 patients had recurrent VTE. Patients with ProC Global NR ≥ 0.75 had a relative risk of recurrence of 0.59 (95% CI 0.40–0.87) as compared with those with lower ratio. After four years, cumulative probability of recurrence was 8.6% in patients with ProC Global NR ≥ 0.75 and 17.4% in patients with a lower ratio (p=0.006). Patients with a high ProC Global NR have a low risk of recurrent VTE. ProC Global NR can be used to stratify patients with a first unprovoked VTE according to their risk of recurrence.
Catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype is associated with plasma total homocysteine levels and may increase venous thrombosis risk
Authors: Vermeulen Sita , Hermus Ad , Blom Henk , Gellekink Henkjan , Muntjewerff Jan-Willem , Heijer Martin den 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA disturbed methylation has been proposed as a mechanism via which homocysteine is associated with diseases like vascular disease, neural tube defects and mental disorders. Catechol- O-methyltransferase (COMT) is involved in the S-adenosylmethionine- dependent methylation of catecholamines and catecholestrogens and in this way contributes to homocysteine synthesis. COMT dysfunction has been related to schizophrenia and breast cancer. We hypothesized that COMT dysfunction by virtue of functional genetic polymorphisms may affect plasma total homocysteine (tHcy). Our primary objective was to study the association between common COMT polymorphisms and tHcy. Secondly, we evaluated these polymorphisms as a risk factor for recurrent venous thrombosis. We obtained genotype data from four polymorphisms in the COMT gene (rs2097603, rs4633, rs4680 [324G>A] and rs174699) from 401 populationbased controls. We performed haplotype analysis to investigate the association between common haplotypes and tHcy. In addition, we assessed the rs4680 variant as a genetic risk factor in a case-control study on recurrent venous thrombosis (n= 169). We identified a common haplotype that was significantly associated with tHcy levels. This effect was largely explained by the rs4680 variant, resulting in an increase in tHcy of 10.4% (95% CI 0.01 to 0.21, p=0.03) for 324AA compared with 324GG subjects. Interestingly, we found that the 324AA genotype was more common in venous thrombosis patients (OR 1.61 [95% CI 0.97 to 2.65], p=0.06) compared to control subjects. We show that the COMT rs4680 variant modulates tHcy, and might be associated with venous thrombosis risk as well.
Venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing surgery: Low rates of prophylaxis and high rates of filter insertion
Authors: Seddighzadeh Ali , Zurawska Urszula , Shetty Ranjith , Goldhaber Samuel 
Published: November 2007

SummaryPatients who undergo surgery are at a high risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). To further define the demographics, comorbidities, and risk factors of VTE in patients undergoing major surgery, we analyzed 1,375 hospitalized non-orthopedic surgery patients in a prospective registry of 5,451 patients with ultrasound confirmed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) from 183 hospitals in the United States. Extremity edema (67.9%), extremity discomfort (44.9%), and dyspnea (18.9%) were among the most common presenting symptoms among these surgical patients. Compared to medical patients, surgical patients presented with a more occult clinical picture and complained less often of extremity edema (67.9% vs. 73.7%; p=0.0001), extremity discomfort (44.9% vs. 56.4%; p<0.0001), or difficulty walking (6.6% vs. 11.2%; p<0.0001). Immobility within 30 days of DVT diagnosis, prior hospitalization within 30 days of DVT diagnosis, presence of an indwelling central venous catheter, obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2), and previous smoking were the most common VTE risk factors among surgical patients. Among surgical patients who developed DVT, some form of prophylaxis had been used in only 44%. Once diagnosed with DVT, surgical patients received IVC filters more often than medical patients (20.0% vs. 14.1%; p<0.0001; adjusted OR=1.49, 95% CI=1.17–1.92; p<0.001). In conclusion, VTE prophylaxis remains underutilized in surgical patients. The IVC filter utilization rate in surgical patients is significantly higher than in medical patients. Future studies should focus on devising mechanisms to improve implementation of prophylaxis and investigate the long-term safety and efficacy of IVC filters in surgical patients.
Effect of oral contraceptives on thrombin generation measured via calibrated automated thrombography
Authors: chaikovski Svetlana , van Vliet Huib , Thomassen M.Christella , Bertina Rogier , Rosendaal Frits , Sandset Per-Morten , Helmerhorst Frans , Tans Guido , Rosing Jan 
Published: November 2007

SummaryIn a study population consisting of healthy men (n=8), women not using oral contraceptives (OC) (n=28) and women using different kinds of OC (n=187) we used calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) in the absence and presence of added activated protein C (APC) to compare parameters that can be obtained from thrombin generation curves, i.e. lag time, time to peak, peak height and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP). Both with and without APC, plasmas of OC users exhibited the shortest lag time and time to peak, and the highest peak height and ETP. In the absence of APC none of these parameters differed between users of OC containing different progestogens. In contrast, in the presence of APC shorter lag times and time to peak, and higher peak height and ETP were observed in plasma of users of gestodene-,desogestrel-,drospirenone- and cyproterone acetate-containing OC than in plasma of users of levonorgestrel-containing OC. The ETP determined in the absence of APC (ETP-APC) had no predictive value for the APCsr (r=0.11; slope 0.9×10–3; 95%CI: –0.1×10–3 to 2.0×10–3) whereas the ETP measured in the presence of APC (ETP+APC) showed an excellent correlation with the APCsr (r=0.95; slope 6.6×10–3; 95%CI: 6.3×10–3 to 6.9×10–3) indicating that the APCsr is entirely determined by the ETP+APC. In conclusion, OC use increases thrombin generation, but differential effects of second and third generation OCs on the protein C system likely determine the differences in the risk of venous thrombosis between these kinds of OC.
The fine-tuning of anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibodies in cardiovascular disease and thrombosis
Authors: de Carvalho Jozélio Freire , Sherer Yaniv , Shoenfeld Yehuda 
Published: November 2007

SummaryAnti-oxidised low-density lipoprotein (anti-oxLDL) antibodies are a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies including both pathogenic and protective subsets. Whereas in most studies the levels of anti-oxLDL antibodies were associated with enhanced atherosclerosis as evaluated by different methods, immunization with oxLDL leads to elevated levels of anti-oxLDL and protection against atherosclerosis. Anti-oxLDL can also be used for immunomodulation of atherosclerosis (i.e. possible therapeutic use of intravenous immunoglobulin, oral tolerance). More specific autoantibodies out of total anti-oxLDL should be selected, for instance, anti-oxLDL/beta-2-glycoprotein I complex, hence defining the fine-tuning of anti-oxLDL antibodies might detect which autoantibodies are pathogenic and which can be used therapeutically.
First-in-Human Evaluation of Anti–von Willebrand Factor Therapeutic Aptamer ARC1779 in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Gilbert James C. , DeFeo-Fraulini Tia , Hutabarat Renta M. , Horvath Christopher J. , Merlino Patricia G. , Marsh H. Nicholas , Healy Judith M. , BouFakhreddine Sleiman , Holohan Thomas V. , Schaub Robert G. 
Published: November 2007

Background—ARC1779 is a therapeutic aptamer antagonist of the A1 domain of von Willebrand Factor (vWF), the ligand for receptor glycoprotein 1b on platelets. ARC1779 is being developed as a novel antithrombotic agent for use in patients with acute coronary syndromes.Methods and Results—This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 47 healthy volunteers of doses of ARC1779 from 0.05 to 1.0 mg/kg. Pharmacodynamic effects were measured by an ELISA for free vWF A1 binding sites and by a platelet function analyzer. In terms of pharmacokinetics, the concentration-time profile of ARC1779 appeared monophasic. The observed concentration and area under the curve were dose proportional. The mean apparent elimination half-life was ≈2 hours, and mean residence time was ≈3 hours. The mean apparent volumes of distribution (at steady state and during terminal phase) were approximately one half the blood volume, suggesting that ARC1779 distribution is in the central compartment. The mean clearance ranged from ≈10% to ≈21% of the glomerular filtration rate, suggesting that renal filtration may not be a major mechanism of clearance of ARC1779. Inhibition of vWF A1 binding activity was achieved with an EC90value of 2.0 μg/mL (151 nmol/L) and of platelet function with an EC90value of 2.6 μg/mL (196 nmol/L). ARC1779 was generally well tolerated, and no bleeding was observed. Adverse events tended to be minor and not dose related.Conclusions—This is the first-in-human evaluation of a novel aptamer antagonist of vWF. ARC1779 produced dose- and concentration-dependent inhibition of vWF activity and platelet function with duration of effect suitable for the intended clinical use in acute coronary syndromes.
Racial Primes and Black Misandry on Historically White Campuses: Toward Critical Race Accountability in Educational Administration
Authors: Smith William A. , Yosso Tara J. , Solórzano Daniel G. 
Published: November 2007

Background: Racial primes are an outgrowth and inculcation of a well-structured, highly developed, racially conservative, “race-neutral” or “color-blind” racial socialization process in which children learn race-specific stereotypes about African Americans and other race/ethnic groups. As they get older, they continue to receive—both involuntary and voluntary—corroborating messages of anti-Black stereotypes from adults, friends, games, folklore, music, television, popular media, and the hidden curriculum. A result of this belief system is Black misandry. Black misandry refers to an exaggerated pathological aversion toward Black men created and reinforced in societal, institutional, and individual ideologies, practices, and behaviors. Findings: Through the use of focus group interview data from African American male students at four universities, it reveals that potent Black misandric beliefs exist in both academic and social spaces in the collegiate environment. Conclusions: Using critical race theory as a framework, the counterstory in this article provides an interpretation of how racially primed Black misandric beliefs influence the collegiate racial climate and how educational administrator might respond.
GEDI: a user-friendly toolbox for analysis of large-scale gene expression data
Authors: Fujita André , Sato João R , Ferreira Carlos E , Sogayar Mari C 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundSeveral mathematical and statistical methods have been proposed in the last few years to analyze microarray data. Most of those methods involve complicated formulas, and software implementations that require advanced computer programming skills. Researchers from other areas may experience difficulties when they attempting to use those methods in their research. Here we present an user-friendly toolbox which allows large-scale gene expression analysis to be carried out by biomedical researchers with limited programming skills.ResultsHere, we introduce an user-friendly toolbox called GEDI (Gene Expression Data Interpreter), an extensible, open-source, and freely-available tool that we believe will be useful to a wide range of laboratories, and to researchers with no background in Mathematics and Computer Science, allowing them to analyze their own data by applying both classical and advanced approaches developed and recently published by Fujita et al.ConclusionGEDI is an integrated user-friendly viewer that combines the state of the art SVR, DVAR and SVAR algorithms, previously developed by us. It facilitates the application of SVR, DVAR and SVAR, further than the mathematical formulas present in the corresponding publications, and allows one to better understand the results by means of available visualizations. Both running the statistical methods and visualizing the results are carried out within the graphical user interface, rendering these algorithms accessible to the broad community of researchers in Molecular Biology.
Deficiency of G1 regulators P53, P21Cip1and/or pRb decreases hepatocyte sensitivity to TGFβ cell cycle arrest
Authors: Sheahan Sharon , Bellamy Christopher O , Dunbar Donald R , Harrison David J , Prost Sandrine 
Published: November 2007

Abstract

Background
TGFβ is critical to control hepatocyte proliferation by inducing G1-growth arrest through multiple pathways leading to inhibition of E2F transcription activity. The retinoblastoma protein pRb is a key controller of E2F activity and G1/S transition which can be inhibited in viral hepatitis. It is not known whether the impairment of pRb would alter the growth inhibitory potential of TGFβ in disease. We asked how Rb-deficiency would affect responses to TGFβ-induced cell cycle arrest.

Results
Primary hepatocytes isolated from Rb-floxed mice were infected with an adenovirus expressing CRE-recombinase to delete the Rb gene. In control cells treatment with TGFβ prevented cells to enter S phase via decreased cMYC activity, activation of P16INK4A and P21Cip and reduction of E2F activity. In Rb-null hepatocytes, cMYC activity decreased slightly but P16INK4A was not activated and the great majority of cells continued cycling. Rb is therefore central to TGFβ-induced cell cycle arrest in hepatocytes. However some Rb-null hepatocytes remained sensitive to TGFβ-induced cell cycle arrest. As these hepatocytes expressed very high levels of P21Cip1 and P53 we investigated whether these proteins regulate pRb-independent signaling to cell cycle arrest by evaluating the consequences of disruption of p53 and p21

Cip1
. Hepatocytes deficient in p53 or p21

Cip1
showed diminished growth inhibition by TGFβ. Double deficiency had a similar impact showing that in cells containing functional pRb; P21Cip and P53 work through the same pathway to regulate G1/S in response to TGFβ. In Rb-deficient cells however, p53 but not p21

Cip
deficiency had an additive effect highlighting a pRb-independent-P53-dependent effector pathway of inhibition of E2F activity.

Conclusion
The present results show that otherwise genetically normal hepatocytes with disabled p53, p21

Cip1
or Rb genes respond less well to the antiproliferative effects of TGFβ. As the function of these critical cellular proteins can be impaired by common causes of chronic liver disease and HCC, including viral hepatitis B and C proteins, we suggest that disruption of pRb function, and to a lesser extend P21Cip1 and P53 in hepatocytes may represent an additional new mechanism of escape from TGFβ-growth-inhibition in the inflammatory milieu of chronic liver disease and contribute to cancer development.
Inhibition of cell motility by troglitazone in human ovarian carcinoma cell line
Authors: Yang Yuh-Cheng , Ho Tsung-Chuan , Chen Show-Li , Lai Huei-Yi , Wu Ju-Yun , Tsao Yeou-Ping 
Published: November 2007

Abstract

Background
Troglitazone (TGZ) is a potential anticancer agent. Little is known about the effect of this agent on cancer cell migration.

Methods
Human ovarian carcinoma cell line, ES-2 cells were treated with various concentrations of TGZ. Cell migration was evaluated by wound-healing and Boyden chamber transwell experiments. PPARγ expression was blocked by PPARγ small interfering RNA. The effects of TGZ on phosphorylation of FAK, PTEN, Akt were assessed by immunoblotting using phospho-specific antibodies. The cellular distribution of paxillin, vinculin, stress fiber and PTEN was assessed by immunocytochemistry.

Results
TGZ dose- and time-dependently impaired cell migration through a PPARγ independent manner. TGZ treatment impaired cell spreading, stress fiber formation, tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and focal adhesion assembly in cells grown on fibronectin substratum. TGZ also dose- and time-dependently suppressed FAK autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of the C-terminal of PTEN (a phosphatase). At concentration higher than 10 μM, TGZ caused accumulation of PTEN in plasma membrane, a sign of PTEN activation.

Conclusion
These results indicate that TGZ can suppress cultured ES-2 cells migration. Our data suggest that the anti-migration potential of TGZ involves in regulations of FAK and PTEN activity.
Regulatory module network of basic/helix-loop-helix transcription factors in mouse brain
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Zijing J , Pan Yuchun C , Liu Qi , Fu Xing , Cooper Nigel GF , Li Yixue , Qiu Mengsheng , Shi Tieliu 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Background
The basic/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are important components of the transcriptional regulatory network, controlling a variety of biological processes, especially the development of the central nervous system. Until now, reports describing the regulatory network of the bHLH transcription factor (TF) family have been scarce. In order to understand the regulatory mechanisms of bHLH TFs in mouse brain, we inferred their regulatory network from genome-wide gene expression profiles with the module networks method.

Results
A regulatory network comprising 15 important bHLH TFs and 153 target genes was constructed. The network was divided into 28 modules based on expression profiles. A regulatory-motif search shows the complexity and diversity of the network. In addition, 26 cooperative bHLH TF pairs were also detected in the network. This cooperation suggests possible physical interactions or genetic regulation between TFs. Interestingly, some TFs in the network regulate more than one module. A novel cross-repression between Neurod6 and Hey2 was identified, which may control various functions in different brain regions. The presence of TF binding sites (TFBSs) in the promoter regions of their target genes validates more than 70% of TF-target gene pairs of the network. Literature mining provides additional support for five modules. More importantly, the regulatory relationships among selected key components are all validated in mutant mice.

Conclusion
Our network is reliable and very informative for understanding the role of bHLH TFs in mouse brain development and function. It provides a framework for future experimental analyses.
Self-assembly and Nanostructure Formation of Multi-functional Organic π-Donors
Authors: Iyoda Masahiko , Hasegawa Masashi , Enozawa Hideo 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Self-assembly of tetrathiafulvalenes, their conjugated oligo-mers, and giant macrocyclic oligothiophenes in solution leads to important solvatochromic, thermochromic, electrochromic, and switching properties. Furthermore, based on the self-assembly in solution, various nanostructures can be constructed in the solid state to produce nanowires, nanoparticles, nanotubes, tapes, ribbons, and microcrystals. This article highlights the self-aggregation of organic π-donors in solution and the formation of nanostructures from these π-donors in the solid state.
Crystallization of Glycine by Photon Pressure of a Focused CW Laser Beam
Authors: Sugiyama Teruki , Adachi Takuji , Masuhara Hiroshi 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
An intense CW-YVO4 laser beam of 1064 nm was focused into a supersaturated D2O solution of glycine, leading to its crystallization. At the focal point on an air–solution interface, a small single glycine crystal was trapped and grew quickly. The crystallization mechanism is considered in view of gathering and organization of large solute clusters of glycine by photon pressure.
Reusable Rhodium(I)/Cationic Bipyridyl-catalyzed Polymerization of Phenylacetylenes in Water under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Wang Yun-Hua , Tsai Fu-Yu 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
A [Rh(cod)Cl]2 and cationic bipyridyl ligand system was found to be an efficient catalyst for the polymerization of phenylacetylenes in water under aerobic conditions at room temperature. Poly(phenylacetylene) was obtained in high yield with high molecular weight and cis content, and the reused aqueous phase showed activity for recycle run. Mono-substituted phenylacetylenes could also be polymerized by this system in the presence of KOH.