bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of clinical and aetiological factors and possible associations of lichen sclerosus in males
Authors: Lipscombe Tasman K , Wayte Jeff , Wojnarowska Fenella , Marren Pauline , Luzzi Graz 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYLichen sclerosus is a chronic skin condition with a predilection for the genital area. In the present study, 35 male patients with lichen sclerosus were interviewed and examined. Blood screens were performed and histology was requested if not already performed. The findings indicate that lichen sclerosus in males exists as a spectrum of disease, ranging from a mild form with white plaques and few symptoms to a severe form with inflammation, atrophy and scarring with possible urological consequences. In many areas it differs from the condition in females; the association with autoimmune disease is weaker and there is less perianal and extragenital involvement The association with malignancy in males is of lesser significance than initially believed.
Pigmented squamous cell carcinoma with dendritic melanocytes
Authors: Kossard Steven , Cook David 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYA 79‐year‐old man presented with a pigmented nodule on the right ear which, on epiluminescence microscopy, demonstrated a diffuse grey‐blue colour. Skin biopsy revealed an irregularly acanthotic epidermis with lobular clusters of atypical keratinocytes that projected into the dermis in the pattern of an invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Numerous dendritic melanocytes were present throughout the lesion. Although the close relationship between the highly dendritic intra‐epidermal melanocytes and the atypical keratinocytes raised the issue of whether this tumour represented a malignant melanoacanthoma, the authors considered the lesion to be better classified as an unusual variant of pigmented squamous cell carcinoma.
Topical diclofenac/hyaluronic acid gel in the treatment of solar keratoses
Authors: McEwan Lena E , Smith Jennifer G 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYA randomized double‐blind controlled trial of 130 patients was performed to study the efficacy and tolerability of topical 3% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronic acid (HA) gel (active) versus gel containing 2.5% HA alone (control) in the treatment of solar keratoses. Patients were asked to apply trial gel to the target lesion twice a day and also sunscreen once a day for 24 weeks. The complete response rates were 29% for the active gel and 17% for the control gel. The difference was not statistically significant (P= 0.14). A high percentage of patients in both groups experienced a partial response to treatment (38% active, 45% control) but there was no significant difference in the spectrum of response between the two treatments (P= 0.18). Local adverse reactions occurred significantly more frequently in patients using the active gel (29% compared to 5% using control gel, P= 0.0002).
Naltrexone: A case report of pruritus from an antipruritic
Authors: Sullivan John R , Watson Alan 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYIntense, generalized pruritus associated with mycosis fungoides was relieved using subcutaneous naloxone but intensified when changed to the new oral opioid antagonist, naltrexone. Rechallenge again led to worsening in pruritus. This unexpected adverse effect is surprising as naltrexone and naloxone are currently thought to work via similar opioid receptor binding. The worsening of the itch may have been due to adaptation in opioid receptor expression induced by prolonged naloxone therapy, possibly highlighting differential opioid receptor affinity between naltrexone and naloxone, or may have represented an idiosyncratic adverse reaction. Naltrexone and naloxone have been reported to reduce pruritus due to cholestasis, uraemia, morphine epidurals, and possibly atopic dermatitis and urticaria. Naltrexone has the convenience of oral administration and a longer half‐life. The role of the opioid system and naltrexone in pruritus is reviewed.
Hidradenitis suppurativa, Dowling Degos disease and perianal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Michael , Hunt Michelle J , Commens Christopher A 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYA patient with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is described in association with Dowling Degos disease and perianal squamous cell carcinomas. As the initial treatment for HS failed to give any satisfactory relief, he sought no further medical help for the subsequent 40 years. This patient illustrates the management difficulties in HS and the need for regular surveillance to exclude the development of anogenital squamous cell carcinoma. Previous reports of hidradenitis suppurativa in association with Dowling Degos disease are reviewed and the aetiology is discussed.
Long‐term follow up of patients with toenail onychomycosis after treatment with terbinafine
Authors: Watson Alan B , Marley John E , Ellis David H , Williams Tony G 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYThe long‐term outcome of 111 patients treated with oral terbinafine for toenail onychomycosis with a novel treatment protocol was assessed a median of 138 weeks alter entry into the trial. All but three patients had either one or two 12 week courses of terbinafine 250 mg daily. 01 the 77 evaluable patients, 72.7% were still classified as responders (i.e. negative mycological culture and at least 3 mm olnew unaffected nail growth) on reassessment. The present study shows that a favourable long‐term outcome can be achieved in patients who have been treated with at least one 12 week course of terbinafine.
A philosophy for the Skin and Cancer Foundation
Authors: Paver Ken , Pettit Peter 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYThe Skin and Cancer Foundation is now 21 years old in Sydney and 10 years old Melbourne, and a third is being planned for Brisbane. The achievements of these institutions are quite remarkable but the philosophy on which they were based may not now be applicatble. An understanding of this original philosophy may assist future plaming. People suffering from skin disease in Australia need help which can only be delivered by combination of several institutions such as government, hiospitals and the Australasian College of Dermatologists (College).
Factors that may affect the response of onychomycosis to oral antifungal therapy
Authors: Gupta Aditya K , Daniel C Ralph 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYWith the advent of the newer oral antifungals available to treat onychomycosis, the majority of patients respond to therapy. However, there may be subsets of patients who exhibit poor response or failure. Possible explanations for this may be grouped into categories, including: (i) patient characteristics; (ii) organisms causing or associated with the nail infection; (iii) nail characteristics; and (iv) local diseases involving the nail.
The effects of 2‐thiophenecarboxylic acid on serum ionic calcium and magnesium levels in rats
Authors: Raman A. , Chong Y. K. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Administration of 2‐thiophenecarboxylic acid to rats maintained on a low calcium diet resulted in a significant depression in the serum levels of total and ionized calcium and inorganic phosphate.2. The serum magnesium levels were not altered by the drug.
Some actions of chandonium iodide, a new short‐acting muscle relaxant, in anaesthetized cats and on isolated muscle preparations
Authors: Gandiha A. , Marshall I. G. , Paul D. , Rodger I. W. , Scott W. , Singh H. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The actions of the new skeletal muscle relaxant chandonium (HS310) on the cardiovascular, respiratory and skeletal muscle systems of the cat under chloralose anaesthesia and on chick and rat isolated skeletal muscle preparations have been described.2. In the cat chandonium exhibited a potent, competitive, non‐depolarizing neuromuscular blocking action that was rapid in onset and of short duration. It possessed a selective atropine‐like action at the cardiac vagus neuro‐effector junction but little or no ganglion blocking activity. Neither adrenergic neurone nor α‐adrenoceptor blocking properties were evident.3. Unlike tubocurarine, chandonium was without effect on the airways system of the anaesthetized cat.4. Chandonium possessed weak anticholinesterase action. It is conceivable that this effect may contribute to its short duration of action.5. The results from these studies suggest that chandonium may have possible clinical applications as a short‐acting muscle relaxant.
Thermal anomalies in ion distribution in rat kidney slices and in a model system
Authors: Wiggins Philippa M. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Both a porous silica gel and thin cortical slices of the kidneys of rats showed highly anomalous temperature dependence of selectivity for K+ relative to Na+.2. Maxima occurred at about 15°C, 30°C, 45°C and 60°C in the gel, and at about 15°C and 28°C in kidney slices.3. It is suggested that since the anomalies resemble Drost‐Hansen anomalies, they are consistent with the proposal that both in the model silica gel system and in rat kidney slices ion distribution might be determined to some extent by a difference in solvent properties between interfacial and bulk phase water.
Occurrence of 5‐hydroxy‐3‐indoleacetic acid in urine from several animal species
Authors: Logan Mary Ruth , Drotman Robert B. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The normal levels of 5‐hydroxy‐3‐indoleacetic acid (5HIAA) were determined in the urine of four species of laboratory animals (dog, rabbit, rat and guinea‐pig).2. When 5HIAA excretion was calculated as mg/24 h, the output in the four species was in the order of rabbit > dog > guinea‐pig > rat; but when it was calculated as μg/mg of creatinine, the order was guinea‐pig > rabbit > rat > dog.3. There were significant differences in the excretion of urinary 5HIAA between males and females within two species: rats and dogs.
Plasma renin concentration in hypertension produced by unilateral renal artery constriction in the rat
Authors: Oates Helen F. , Stokes Gordon S. , Storey Brian G. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Plasma renin concentration (PRC) and blood pressure were studied sequentially, 24 h to 42 days post‐operatively, in rats subjected to unilateral renal artery constriction without contralateral nephrectomy.2. The PRC of rats failing to develop hypertension remained normal, whereas the mean PRC of twenty‐two rats that became hypertensive was five times normal on day 14 of the study when the hypertension was becoming established.3. In eleven of the twenty‐two rats that became hypertensive, PRC did not exceed the upper limit of normal. In the remaining hypertensive rats, the increase in PRC was not always temporally related to the increase in blood pressure. A significant correlation between PRC and blood pressure did not emerge until day 35 of the study4. Despite these anomalies, linear regression analysis of 169 pairs of PRC and blood pressure measurements during the 42 day period of development of hypertension in twenty‐two rats revealed a highly significant correlation between log PRC and blood pressure (P < 0·001).5. It is concluded that factors other than the plasma concentration of renin are involved in the early stages of development of hypertension induced by renal artery constriction. Nevertheless, PRC and blood pressure are intricately related.
Stimulation by angiotensin II of the release of vasopressin from incubated rat neurohypophyses—possible involvement of cyclic AMP
Authors: Gagnon D. J. , Sirois P. , Boucher P. J. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Calcium did not influence the spontaneous release of vasopressin from rat neurohypophyses in vitro when used in concentrations of 0·05, 0·5 and 2·8 mM in the bathing medium.2. Stimulation of the basal output of vasopressin by angiotensin II (1 · 10–9 M) required at least 0·5 mM calcium in the medium.3. Angiotensin II stimulated the release of vasopressin within 2·5 min of incubation, maximal release was observed after 10 min.4. Angiotensin II rapidly promoted the accumulation of tissue cyclic AMP; maximal accumulation was observed after 5 min of incubation.5. Theophylline and dibutyryl cyclic AMP produced varying degree of stimulation of the release of vasopressin.6. Increases in vasopressin secretion and in the accumulation of cyclic AMP were always present when neurohypophyses were exposed to optimal concentrations of angiotensin II. The results presented suggested that cyclic AMP may be an intermediate step for the release of vasopressin by endogenous angiotensin II.
Salt loss as a possible mechanism eliciting an acute malignant phase in renal hypertensive rats
Authors: Gross F. , Dietz R. , Mast G. J. , Szokol M. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The acute malignant phase of hypertension in rats with an untouched contralateral kidney is characterized by salt and fluid loss, increased fluid intake, decrease in body‐weight gain, and reduced food consumption. Plasma concentrations of sodium and potassium were reduced, and plasma angiotensin II rose to about four times normal.2. To investigate the significance of an untouched contralateral kidney for the development of the acute malignant phase in renal hypertensive rats, comparative studies were undertaken in unilaterally nephrectomized rats with stenosis of the remaining renal artery and in rats with bilateral renal artery stenosis. In addition, the effect of declamping one renal artery in rats with bilateral stenosis was studied.3. In unilaterally nephrectomized rats, no signs of sodium and fluid loss were demonstrable, despite marked increase in blood pressure. Similarly, rats with bilateral renal artery stenosis had no acute malignant phase of hypertension.4. In hypertensive rats with bilateral stenosis, removal of the clip from one renal artery was followed by an immediate fall in blood pressure and a subsequent gradual increase. Eleven of sixteen rats lost salt and fluid and developed an acute malignant phase. Plasma angiotensin II was high and serum urea elevated.5. Consumption of 2% saline in addition to water as drinking fluid had a beneficial effect, since only five of fourteen rats showed signs of the acute malignant phase, which were milder than in rats on water only.6. It is concluded that the untouched contralateral kidney is responsible for the negative salt and water balance and its consequences, which are characteristic of the acute malignant phase of experimental renal hypertension.
Influence of changes in amine substitution on the β‐adrenoceptor stimulant activity of soterenol and related compounds in the anaesthetized cat
Authors: Malta E. , Raper C. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Three 3‐methanesulphonamido, 4‐hydroxy ring substituted phenylethanol‐amines with n‐isopropyl (soterenol), n‐t‐butyl (MJ7999–1) and n‐(1‐phenyl‐t‐butyl) (MJ9184–1) amine substituents have been compared with (—)‐isoprenaline for their ability to produce β‐receptor mediated reductions in serotonin‐induced increases in pulmonary resistance, decreases in soleus muscle contractility, and increases in heart rate in anaesthetized cats. For each parameter, the dose of a compound required to produce 50% of its maximal response (ED50) was calculated.2. For all three parameters (—)‐isoprenaline was the most potent of the compounds studied, and the rank order of potency of the methanesulphonanilides was MJ9184–1 (n‐(1‐phenyl‐t‐butyl))≃MJ7999–1 (n‐t‐butyl)> soterenol (N‐isopropyl).3. For each individual drug, molar dose‐ratios [drug: (—)‐isoprenaline] were calculated. Ratios for the effects of the compounds on the soleus muscle and in the bronchi were similar. With each compound higher dose‐ratios were found in the heart. The rank order for relative β2‐selectivity was soterenol (n‐isopropyl)> MJ7999–1 (n‐t‐butyl)≃MJ9184–1 (n‐(1‐phenyl‐t‐butyl)).
Coronary reactive hyperaemia and coronary dilator action of adenosine during normal respiration and hypercapnic acidosis in the dog
Authors: Raberger G. , Schütz W. , Kraupp O. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The effects of hypercapnic acidosis on coronary conductance, the coronary dilator effect of adenosine administered into the coronary artery and the reactive hyperaemic response after short and long periods of coronary artery occlusion were investigated in thoracotomized dogs.2. The coronary conductance was positively correlated to the arterial PCO2 and negatively correlated to the arterial pH.3. During control periods the reactive hyperaemic response increased with increasing duration of coronary artery occlusion, whereas the percentage repayment of the deficit remained unchanged.4. The reactive hyperaemic response after short periods of coronary artery occlusion (up to ten beats) was diminished during hypercapnic acidosis. This decrease may be explained on the basis of an increased tissue PO2 or a decreased relative change in tissue pH.5. The dilator effect of adenosine administered into the coronary artery was enhanced during hypercapnic acidosis.6. The reactive hyperaemic response after long periods of coronary artery occlusion (above fifteen to twenty beats) was also enhanced during hypercapnic acidosis, and may be a result of myocardial adenosine formation during coronary artery occlusion.7. The findings indicate that coronary blood flow after coronary artery occlusions may be primarily regulated by local pH changes in the coronary vessel cells. Additional dilatation after longer coronary artery occlusion may result from the release of adenosine by the hypoxic myocardium.
Massive ingestion of kerosene: a study of gastric clearance in primates
Authors: Wolfsdorf Jack 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Metoclopramide hydrochloride (Maxolon) a potent intestinal clearing agent and powerful anti‐emetic, was utilized to promote gastric clearance of kerosene from baboons, experimentally poisoned.2. When compared to a control group, treated baboons have significantly decreased amounts of kerosene in the stomach 2 h after treatment, ‘full’ stomach/body weight ratios confirming this.3. The study suggests that metoclopramide, by its gastric clearing and anti‐emetic action, may reduce the risk of vomiting, and thus of aspiration pneumonia, in kerosene poisoning.
Phenazone (antipyrine) metabolism and distribution in young and elderly adults
Authors: Liddell Deborah E. , Williams Faith M. , Briant Robin H. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The plasma half‐life and apparent volume of distribution of phenazone (antipyrine) was studied in twenty‐six normal adults (20–40 years of age) and twenty‐six geriatric patients.2. A wide range of values for plasma half‐life was recorded in both groups (young 7·7–19·9 h, elderly 9·5–30·1 h) but the mean plasma half‐life for the geriatric group (16·8 h; s.e.m. = 5·9) was significantly longer (P < 0·01) than the normal adult group (12·5 h; s.e.m. = 3·2).3. No difference in plasma half‐life was noted between sexes in either the geriatric or control groups.4. Doubling the dose of phenazone from 10 to 20 mg/kg made no difference to the plasma half‐life in a subgroup of the geriatric patients.5. The volume of distribution of phenazone, representing total body water, was 0·59–0·63 l/kg in all groups except the elderly females, in whom it was 0·48 l/kg. This latter group showed a correspondingly higher plasma concentration extrapolated to time zero.6. The difference in plasma half‐life phenazone between normal adult and elderly groups is statistically significant, but the wide range of values in each group makes the biological significance less clear. Alteration of drug distribution with resultant higher plasma or tissue concentrations may contribute to adverse drug effects, particularly in the elderly female.
Control of hindlimb vascular resistance in rats chronically sympathectomized with 6‐hydroxydopamine
Authors: Clark D. W. J. , Phelan E. L. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Vascular resistance was measured after acute surgical denervation in the blood‐perfused hind limbs of adult normal rats and rats which had been treated with 6‐hydroxydopamine in the first 2 weeks of postnatal life. Vascular resistance was significantly higher in the limbs of 6‐hydroxydopamine treated rats.2. No excess of vasoconstrictor materials was detected when blood from 6‐hydroxydopamine treated rats was used to perfuse the hind limbs of untreated rats or other 6‐hydroxydopamine treated rats.3. Hind limb blood vessels of 6‐hydroxydopamine treated rats showed increased sensitivity to normal amounts of circulating vasoconstrictors of adrenal origin and to intra‐arterial infusions of noradrenaline and angiotensin.4. Infusion of desipramine into the hindlimb blood vessels of 6‐hydroxydopamine treated rats did not increase vasoconstrictor responses to infused noradrenaline. Infusion of desipramine into the limbs of untreated rats increased responses to noradrenaline but these never attained the magnitude and duration of responses seen in limbs of 6‐hydroxydopamine treated rats.5. The increased sensitivity to noradrenaline of hindlimb vessels from 6‐hydroxydopamine treated rats could partly be accounted for by an absence of neuronal uptake sites and partly by the development of non‐specific post‐junctional supersensitivity.
The role of the kidney in essential hypertension
Authors: Coleman Thomas G. , Guyton Arthur C. , Young David B. , DeClue James W. , Norman Roger A. , Manning R. Davis 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Many forms of human and experimental hypertension begin with compromised renal function. Essential hypertension may be another such case.2. The kidneys of subjects with essential hypertension excrete normal amounts of salt and water at higher‐than‐normal renal perfusing pressures. Other overt signs of renal dysfunction are few; renal disease is excluded by definition. However, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate are usually less than normal in essential hypertension.3. Renal afferent resistance can be calculated from arterial pressure, renal blood flow, and an estimate of glomerular capillary pressure. These calculations indicate that afferent resistance is increased to two or more times normal in essential hypertension.4. It is not clear whether afferent constriction causes hypertension or results from it. The ability of high pressure to produce vascular damage points to the latter. But, most essential hypertensives show low‐to‐normal plasma renin levels and a marked afferent dilation after saline loading. These observations do not suggest nephrosclerosis: they are consistent with a causal role for afferent constriction.5. We can speculate that, in essential hypertension, there is a defect in one of the mechanisms that sets afferent resistance. Afferent constriction could result from extrinsic influences (neural or humoral) or something totally within the kidney, such as abnormal handling of information from the macula densa.6. The effect of afferent constriction on salt‐and‐water excretion would theoretically be offset by elevated arterial pressure so that the actual salt‐and‐water excretion would be normal, but only so long as the arterial pressure remained elevated.
Independence of oral contraceptive‐induced changes in glucose tolerance and plasma cortisol levels
Authors: Cornish E. J. , Tesoriero W. M. , Briggs M. H. , Briggs M. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Following a 50 g oral glucose load, plasma glucose concentrations and plasma cortisol concentrations were measured in twenty‐five young healthy women.2. When compared to controls, oral contraceptive users (OC‐users) were found to show a small but significant decrease in glucose tolerance while plasma cortisol values were increased more than two‐fold.3. The decreased glucose tolerance in OC‐users did not show a significant correlation with raised plasma cortisol levels.