bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Difference in Survival of Patients Treated by Surgical Resection for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Hidaka Hideki , Hotokezaka Masayuki , Nakashima Shinya , Uchiyama Shuichiro , Maehara Naoki , Chijiiwa Kazuo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundSquamous cell carcinoma accounts for most of the esophageal cancers in Japan and is often related to excessive smoking and drinking. Although esophageal cancer occurs far more frequently in men than in women, it is not certain whether there are sex‐specific differences in morbidity and mortality after surgical resection of the esophagus. We conducted a study to determine the influence of sex on the short‐ and long‐term results of surgical resection in patients with esophageal cancer.MethodsThere were 295 patients with a newly diagnosed primary malignant neoplasm of the esophagus treated at our University hospital between January 1978 and December 2005. There were 185 patients (166 men, 19 women; age range 39–86 years) who underwent surgical resection for primary esophageal malignant neoplasms. Survival rates were calculated according to the Kaplan‐Meier method and tested with the log‐rank test. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess independent predictors of survival.
ResultsThe cumulative amount of alcohol consumed and number of cigarettes smoked were significantly higher in men than in women. Postoperative complications occurred in 101 men (60.8%) and 9 women (47.4%), but significant sex differences in postoperative morbidity and mortality were not observed. Overall survival was significantly better for women than for men.ConclusionPostoperative morbidity and mortality do not appear to differ between men and women with esophageal cancer treated by surgical resection. Long‐term survival after surgical resection of the esophagus appears to be significantly better for women than for men.
On‐ and off‐field antisocial and prosocial behavior in adolescent soccer players: A multilevel study
Authors: Rutten Esther A. , Deković Maja , Stams Geert Jan J.M. , Schuengel Carlo , Hoeksma Jan B. , Biesta Gert J.J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis study investigated to what extent team membership predicts on‐ and off‐field antisocial and prosocial behavior in (pre)adolescent athletes. Effects of team‐membership were related to characteristics of the team environment, such as relational support from the coach towards team members, fair play attitude and sociomoral reasoning within the team, and sociomoral climate. The sample consisted of N=331 male soccer players. Multilevel analyses revealed that 21% of the variance in off‐field antisocial behavior, and 8% and 14% of the variance in on‐field antisocial and prosocial behavior, respectively, could be attributed to characteristics of the sporting environment, including relational support from the coach, exposure to high levels of sociomoral reasoning about sports dilemmas, and positive team attitude toward fair play. The results highlight the importance of contextual factors in explaining both antisocial and prosocial behavior in adolescent athletes and emphasize the role of organized youth sports as a socialization context.
Higher bioavailability of isoflavones after a single ingestion of a soya-based supplement than a soya-based food in young healthy males
Authors: Vergne Sébastien , Bennetau-Pelissero Catherine , Lamothe Valérie , Chantre Philippe , Potier Mylène , Asselineau Julien , Perez Paul , Durand Marlène , Moore Nicholas , Sauvant Patrick 
Published: August 2007

Soya isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, are the focus of numerous studies investigating their potential effects on health and results remain controversial. Bioavailability is clearly a crucial factor influencing their bioefficacy and could explain these discrepancies. This study aimed at assessing: (1) the isoflavone content of sixty-nine European soya-derivative products sold on the French market; (2) the bioavailability of isoflavones comparing supplement with food. Twelve healthy volunteers were recruited in a randomized two-way crossover trial and received 35 mg isoflavones equivalent aglycone either through supplements or through cheese, both containing different patterns of isoflavone conjugates and different daidzein:genistein ratios. A specific ELISA method was used to assess the plasma and urinary concentrations of isoflavones and thus the pharmacokinetic parameters, which were then normalized to mg of each isoflavone ingested. Results showed that the normalized Cmax of daidzein (P = 0·002) and similarly the normalized AUC0 → ∞andCmaxof genistein (P = 0·002) from soya-based capsules were higher than that from soya-based cheese. In conclusion, this work completes studies on isoflavone bioavailability and presents new data regarding isoflavone concentrations in soya-derivative products. Assuming that isoflavone conjugation patterns do not influence isoflavone bioavailability, this study shows that isoflavones contained in capsules are more bioavailable than those contained in soya-based cheese. Although the supplement is more bioavailable, the relative importance of this is difficult to interpret as there is little evidence that supplements are biologically active in human subjects to date and further studies will be necessary for this specific supplement to prove its efficacy.
Impacts of agriculture on the parasite communities of northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) in southern Quebec, Canada
Authors: KING K. C. , McLAUGHLIN J. D. , GENDRON A. D. , PAULI B. D. , GIROUX I. , RONDEAU B. , BOILY M. , JUNEAU P. , MARCOGLIESE D. J. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYGiven that numerous amphibians are suffering population declines, it is becoming increasingly important to examine the relationship between disease and environmental disturbance. Indeed, while many studies relate anthropogenic activity to changes in the parasitism of snails and fishes, little is known of the impact on the parasites of amphibians, particularly from agriculture. For 2 years, the parasite communities of metamorphic northern leopard frogs from 7 agricultural wetlands were compared with those from 2 reference wetlands to study differences in parasite community diversity and abundance of various species under pristine conditions and 3 categories of disturbance: only agricultural landscape, only pesticides, and agricultural landscape with pesticides. Agricultural (and urban) area was negatively related to species richness, and associated with the near absence of adult parasites and species that infect birds or mammals. We suggest that agriculture and urbanization may hinder parasite transmission to frogs by limiting access of other vertebrate hosts of their parasites to wetlands. The only parasite found at all localities was an unidentified echinostome infecting the kidneys. This parasite dominated communities in localities surrounded by the most agricultural land, suggesting generalist parasites may persist in disrupted habitats. Community composition was associated with dissolved organic carbon and conductivity, but few links were found with pesticides. Pollution effects may be masked by a strong impact of land use on parasite transmission.
Hierarchical dose response of E. coli O157:H7 from human outbreaks incorporating heterogeneity in exposure
Authors: TEUNIS P. F. M. , OGDEN I. D. , STRACHAN N. J. C. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYThe infectivity of pathogenic microorganisms is a key factor in the transmission of an infectious disease in a susceptible population. Microbial infectivity is generally estimated from dose–response studies in human volunteers. This can only be done with mildly pathogenic organisms. Here a hierarchical Beta-Poisson dose–response model is developed utilizing data from human outbreaks. On the lowest level each outbreak is modelled separately and these are then combined at a second level to produce a group dose–response relation. The distribution of foodborne pathogens often shows strong heterogeneity and this is incorporated by introducing an additional parameter to the dose–response model, accounting for the degree of overdispersion relative to Poisson distribution. It was found that heterogeneity considerably influences the shape of the dose–response relationship and increases uncertainty in predicted risk. This uncertainty is greater than previously reported surrogate and outbreak models using a single level of analysis. Monte Carlo parameter samples (α, β of the Beta-Poisson model) can be readily incorporated in risk assessment models built using tools such as S-plus and @ Risk.
Combined administration of serogroup B meningococcal vaccine and conjugated serogroup C meningococcal vaccine is safe and immunogenic in college students
Authors: HOLMES J. D. , MARTIN D. , RAMSAY C. , YPMA E. , OSTER P. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYThis study evaluated the first use of a combination of the lyophilized components of the conjugated group C vaccine Menjugate™ reconstituted with the liquid group B outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine MeNZB™. At 6-week intervals, healthy residential students received three doses of MeNZB alone or concomitantly with one dose of Menjugate (MeNZB+MenC). Short-lasting injection-site reactions of mild or moderate intensity were frequent in both groups. There were no vaccine-related serious adverse events. After three doses, the percentage of subjects with serum bactericidal assay (SBA) titres ⩾1:8 against the serogroup B strain NZ98/254 was 82% for MeNZB+MenC and 78% for MeNZB. All subjects in the MeNZB+MenC group achieved SBA titres ⩾1:8 against serogroup strain C11 and 67% in the MeNZB group. All SBA and ELISA responses of the combined vaccine were at least as good as for MeNZB alone. After vaccination, the pharyngeal carriage rate of any meningococcus in the vaccinated group had declined from 40% to 21%.
Sero-epidemiology as a tool to study the incidence of Salmonella infections in humans
Authors: SIMONSEN J. , STRID M. A. , MØLBAK K. , KROGFELT K. A. , LINNEBERG A. , TEUNIS P. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYAlthough most foodborne infections are undiagnosed, the incidence of these infections is usually calculated from reported cases. We present a novel population-based method to estimate the incidence of non-typhoid Salmonella infections. From 154 patients with confirmed Salmonella serotype Enteritidis infection, we determined the kinetics of the antibody response. The estimated mean responses for the three classes of serum antibodies were combined such that the time from infection could be estimated from antibody measurements. Next, serum samples collected in 1983, 1986, 1992, and 1999 from the general population were analysed for antibodies. We demonstrated how these measurements can be translated into an estimate of the general incidence. Based on serology markers there were 13 exposures leading to seroresponse of Salmonella Enteritidis/1000 person-years in 1983; the similar number in 1999 was 217. This trend confirms the increase in the number of culture-confirmed cases reported to the national surveillance system.
Distribution of CBP genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in relation to vaccine types, penicillin susceptibility and clinical site
Authors: DESA M. N. , SEKARAN S. D. , VADIVELU J. , PARASAKTHI N. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYCholine-binding proteins (CBP) have been associated with the pathogenesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae. We screened, using PCR, for the presence of genes (cbpA, D, E, G) encoding these proteins in 34 isolates of pneumococci of known serotypes and penicillin susceptibility from invasive and non-invasive disease. All isolates harboured cbpD and cbpE whereas cbpA and cbpG were found in 47% and 59% respectively; the latter were more frequent in vaccine-associated types and together accounted for 77% of these isolates. No association was observed with penicillin susceptibility but 85% of non-invasive isolates were positive for these genes.
A logical analysis of aliasing in imperative higher-order functions
Authors: BERGER MARTIN , HONDA KOHEI , YOSHIDA NOBUKO 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe present a compositional programme logic for call-by-value imperative higher-order functions with general forms of aliasing, which can arise from the use of reference names as function parameters, return values, content of references and parts of data structures. The programme logic extends our earlier logic for alias-free imperative higher-order functions with new operators which serve as building blocks for clean structural reasoning about programms and data structures in the presence of aliasing. This has been an open issue since the pioneering work by Cartwright–Oppen and Morris twenty-five years ago. We illustrate usage of the logic for description and reasoning through concrete examples including a higher-order polymorphic Quicksort. The logical status of the new operators is clarified by translating them into (in)equalities of reference names.
Recursive type generativity
Authors: DREYER DEREK 
Published: August 2007

AbstractExistential types provide a simple and elegant foundation for understanding generative abstract data types of the kind supported by the Standard ML module system. However, in attempting to extend ML with support for recursive modules, we have found that the traditional existential account of type generativity does not work well in the presence of mutually recursive module definitions. The key problem is that, in recursive modules, one may wish to define an abstract type in a context where a name for the type already exists, but the existential type mechanism does not allow one to do so. We propose a novel account of recursive type generativity that resolves this problem. The basic idea is to separate the act of generating a name for an abstract type from the act of defining its underlying representation. To define several abstract types recursively, one may first ‘forward-declare’ them by generating their names, and then supply each one's identity secretly within its own defining expression. Intuitively, this can be viewed as a kind of backpatching semantics for recursion at the level oftypes. Care must be taken to ensure that a type name is not defined more than once, and that cycles do not arise among ‘transparent’ type definitions. In contrast to the usual continuation-passing interpretation of existential types in terms of universal types, our account of type generativity suggests adestination-passinginterpretation. Briefly, instead of viewing a value of existential type as something that creates a new abstract type every time it is unpacked, we view it as a function that takes as input a pre-existing undefined abstract type and defines it. By leaving the creation of the abstract type name up to the client of the existential, our approach makes it significantly easier to link abstract data types together recursively.
Visualization of and Access to CloudSat Vertical Data through Google Earth
Authors: Chen Aijun , Leptoukh Gregory , Di Liping , Kempler Steven , Lynnes Christopher 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOnline tools, pioneered by the Google Earth (GE), are facilitating the way in which scientists and general public interact with geospatial data in real three dimensions. However, even in Google Earth, there is no method for depicting vertical geospatial data derived from remote sensing satellites as an orbit curtain seen from above. Here, an effective solution is proposed to automatically render the vertical atmospheric data on Google Earth. The data are first processed through the Giovanni system, then, processed to be 15-second vertical data images. A generalized COLLADA model is devised based on the 15-second vertical data profile. Using the designed COLLADA models and satellite orbit coordinates, a satellite orbit model is designed and implemented in KML format to render the vertical atmospheric data in spatial and temporal ranges vividly. The whole orbit model consists of repeated model slices. The model slices, each representing 15 seconds of vertical data, are placed on the CloudSat orbit based on the size, scale, and angle with the longitude line that are precisely and separately calculated on the fly for each slice according to the CloudSat orbit coordinates. The resulting vertical scientific data can be viewed transparently or opaquely on Google Earth. Not only is the research bridged the science and data with scientists and the general public in the most popular way, but simultaneous visualization and efficient exploration of the relationships among quantitative geospatial data, e.g. comparing the vertical data profiles with MODIS and AIRS precipitation data, becomes possible.
Estimating Mandibular Motion Based on Chin Surface Targets During Speech
Authors: Green Jordan R. , Wilson Erin M. , Wang Yu-Tsai , Moore Christopher A. 
Published: August 2007

Purpose
The movement of the jaw during speech and chewing has frequently been studied by tracking surface landmarks on the chin. However, the extent to which chin motions accurately represent those of the underlying mandible remains in question. In this investigation, the movements of a pellet attached to the incisor of the mandible were compared with those of pellets attached to different regions of the chin.

Method
Ten healthy talkers served as participants. Three speaking contexts were recorded from each participant: word, sentence, and paragraph. Chin position errors were estimated by computing the standard distance between the mandibular incisor pellet and the chin pellets.

Results
Relative to the underlying mandible, chin pellets moved with an average absolute and relative error of 0.81 mm and 7.30%, respectively. The movements of chin and mandibular pellets were tightly coupled in time.

Conclusion
The chin tracking errors observed in this investigation are considered acceptable for descriptive studies of oromotor behavior, particularly in situations where mandibular placements are not practical (e.g., young children or edentulous adults). The observed amount of error, however, may not be tolerable for fine-grained analyses of mandibular biomechanics. Several guidelines are provided for minimizing error associated with tracking surface landmarks on the chin.
The Discriminant Accuracy of a Grammatical Measure With Latino English-Speaking Children
Authors: Gutiérrez-Clellen Vera F. , Simon-Cereijido Gabriela 
Published: August 2007

PurposeTo evaluate the discriminant accuracy of a grammatical measure for the identification of language impairment (LI) in Latino English-speaking children. Specifically, the study examined the diagnostic accuracy of the Test of English Morphosyntax (E-MST; Peña, Gutiérrez-Clellen, Iglesias, Goldstein, & Bedore (n.d.) to determine (a) whether use and exposure to Spanish had an effect on the performance of bilingual children compared with monolingual Latino children and (b) whether dialectal differences within Latino English speakers might result in performance differences and a greater incidence of misclassifications for children from Caribbean English backgrounds.MethodOne hundred and eleven children (i.e., 59 children with typical language development and 52 children with LI) were sampled from the Southwest and Northeast regions of the U.S. Southwestern children were of Mexican origin. Children from the Northeast were from Puerto Rican or Dominican backgrounds. Linear discriminant analyses evaluating group classifications on the basis of the E-MST were performed on exploratory and confirmatory data sets across 3 groups: Southwestern English-only proficient (SW EP) children, Southwestern English-dominant bilingual (SW EDB) children, and Northeastern (NE) children.ResultsResults of the exploratory discriminant analyses indicated good sensitivity for the SW EP children. The discriminant functions derived from the exploratory analysis were able to predict group membership in confirmatory discriminant analyses with fair sensitivity and good specificity for the SW EDB children and with fair sensitivity but poor specificity for the NE children. Children who were English-dominant bilingual were not more likely to be misclassified compared with their English-only proficient peers. However, nonmainstream English dialect differences appeared to affect classification accuracy and resulted in a greater number of misclassifications for the NE children with typical language development.ConclusionThe measure seems to be suitable for identifying LI in SW children who are exposed to Spanish and/or who are English-dominant bilingual. Additional assessment tools will be needed to rule out the disorder in children who are exposed to African American or Caribbean English dialects.
Recast Density and Acquisition of Novel Irregular Past Tense Verbs
Authors: Proctor-Williams Kerry , Fey Marc E. 
Published: August 2007

Purpose
Children with specific language impairment (SLI) lag behind children with typical language (TL) in their grammatical development, despite equivalent early exposure to recasts in conversation (M. E. Fey, T. E. Krulik, D. F. Loeb, & K. Proctor-Williams, 1999) and the ability to learn from recasts in intervention as quickly as do children with TL (K. E. Nelson, S. Camarata, J. Welsh, L. Butovsky, & M. Camarata, 1996). This experiment tested whether this apparent paradox could be attributed to variations in the density of recasts in conversation versus intervention.

Method
Thirteen children (7–8 years of age) with SLI and 13 language-similar children (5–6 years of age) with TL were exposed to 3 recast densities of novel irregular past tense verbs (none, conversation-like, intervention-like) over 5 sessions. Outcomes were based on spontaneous conversational productions and a post-test probe.

Results

As predicted, at conversation-like densities, children with TL more accurately produced the target verbs they heard in recasts than in nonrecast models (
d
= 0.58), children with SLI showed no differences, and children with TL produced the verbs more accurately than did children with SLI (
d
= 0.54). Contrary to expectations, at higher intervention-like recast densities, the SLI group did not improve their accuracy, and the TL group performances were significantly poorer (
d
= 0.47).

Conclusion
At conversational levels, recasts facilitated greater verb learning than models alone but only in the TL group. Increasing recast density to the modest levels in this brief intervention experiment did not benefit children with SLI and led to poorer learning for children with TL. To optimize learning, efficiency of recast distribution as well as rate must be considered.
Language Delay and Behavioral/Emotional Problems in Toddlers: Findings From Two Developmental Clinics
Authors: Rescorla Leslie , Ross Gail S. , McClure Sarah 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThe association between language delay and behavior problems in toddlers was examined in 2 studies, 1 conducted in a developmental clinic in New Jersey (Study 1;N= 83) and the other conducted in a developmental clinic in New York (Study 2;N= 103).MethodIn both clinics, parents of 18- to 35-month-olds completed the Language Development Survey (LDS) and the Child Behavior Checklist/1.5-5 (CBCL). In Study 2, the Preschool Language Scale–Fourth Edition (PLS-4) was also administered. Neurodevelopmental delay (ND) and pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) symptoms were also assessed in both studies but were done so using different measures.ResultsIn Study 1, LDS Vocabulary score and CBCL Total Problems, Internalizing, and Withdrawn scores were significantly correlated. However, when children with ND and/or suspected PDD were excluded, only the correlation between LDS Vocabulary and Withdrawn remained significant. In Study 2, only the correlation between LDS Vocabulary and Withdrawn approached significance. Children delayed in language on the PLS-4 had higher CBCL scores than typically developing toddlers only on the CBCL Withdrawn syndrome.ConclusionSignificant associations between language delays and behavior problems were not found in 2 samples of 18- to 35-month-olds when children with ND and PDD were excluded, except that toddlers with language delays appeared to show elevated social withdrawal relative to typically developing toddlers.