bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tetrapal – A New Technique for Malaria Drug Testing in Urine
Authors: Fusai T. , Eggelte T. A. , Moreau J. M. , Lichtenberger J. M. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Tetrapal is a Joint Research Project developed within the framework of an original public-private partnership between the Ministry of Defence, the French University of Marseille and Exxon Mobil Corporation. Malaria control policies and their compliance controls are high priorities for both the French army and ExxonMobil. Both organizations are interested in further developing processes that can be used to verify that soldiers or employees are taking their malarial chemoprophylaxis as prescribed. Currently, compliance is enforced and verified by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) techniques for detecting the presence of mefloquine, doxycycline, chloroquine and proguanil (a component of Malarone) in urine samples. This procedure cannot be performed in the field because it requires special expertise, structures and technology not available in the field. The program is very expensive due to the laboratory analyses and shipping procedures required to ship the samples to a qualified laboratory. There is also a delay of several weeks between sample collection and laboratory verification.
Objectives of the Tetrapal project
▪ The TETRAPAL project consists of developing a fast-acting immunochemical method to detect anti-malarial drugs such as doxycycline, chloroquine, mefloquine, and proguanil, in the urine of persons taking chemoprophylaxis (Doxycycline, Savarine®, Lariam®, Malarone®, Chloroquine). ▪ The idea is to develop a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT). This RDT needs to be reliable, simple and easy to use on site by non-medical personnel. An "all in one" test that recognizes all types of anti-malarials is preferable. ▪ The final step will be to identify and contract with (an) industrial partner(s) for the commercialization of the method, manufacturing and distribution of the RDT.
Technical aspects
▪ An RDT is a test using an immunochromatographic capture procedure with monoclonal antibodies that detect antigens (parasite-specific or, in our study, anti-malarial drug-specific) in lysed blood or plasma or urine. ▪ It uses a lateral-flow principle: the buffer "flows" along a nitrocellulose strip and passes over the capture and control lines. ▪ The researchers chose to develop a test to detect the existence of anti-malarial molecules in urine by immunocapture and competition on strips (lateral flow assay). The justification of the immunologic method is that use of antibody capture techniques can lead to very specific and sensitive tests, when chloroquine, mefloquine and doxycycline and proguanil are not totally metabolized and are eliminated in urine where they can be identified by monoclonal antibodies.
Status after one year
▪ Antibodies against doxycycline, proguanil and chloroquine have been identified. Those are ready to be produced at an industrial level. Antibodies against mefloquine are still under laboratory research phase. ▪ The first experimental strips detecting chloroquine and proguanil (i.e. Malarone®) are expected to be ready for field testing in early 2008.
Attitudes toward and perceptions of free-roaming cats among individuals living in Ohio
Authors: Lord Linda K. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Objective—To characterize attitudes toward and perceptions of free-roaming cats among individuals living in Ohio.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Sample Population—Households in Ohio.
Procedures—A random-digit–dial telephone survey was performed, and 1,250 households were contacted.
Results—703 of the 1,250 (56.2%) households completed interviews. Five hundred fifty-three (78.7%) participants reported seeing free-roaming cats at least occasionally, and 184 (26.2%) reported having fed free-roaming cats during the previous year. However, only 42 (22.8%) participants who fed free-roaming cats had ever taken one to a veterinarian, and 43 (23.4%) participants who fed free-roaming cats reported that at least one of the free-roaming cats had produced a litter in the preceding year. Differences existed between cat owners and other participants and among urban, suburban, and rural residents in regard to their attitudes toward free-roaming cats and the need for government regulations.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that free-roaming cats were common in Ohio, but that attitudes toward and perceptions of free-roaming cats differed between cat owners and other participants and among participants grouped on the basis of residential area. Thus, developing statewide approaches for regulating free-roaming cats may be challenging or unrealistic.
Goitrous hypothyroidism associated with treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a young dog
Authors: Seelig Davis M. , Whittemore Jacqueline C. , Lappin Michael R. , Myers Alan M. , Avery Paul R. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Case Description—A 16-week-old female Boxer that had been treated for 5 weeks with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol because of aspiration pneumonia was evaluated for bilaterally symmetric masses in the subcutaneous tissues of the ventral neck, in the region of the larynx.
Clinical Findings—Fine-needle aspirates were obtained from the neck masses; cytologic examination revealed well-differentiated thyroid epithelial tissue. A blood sample was collected for serum biochemical and thyroid function analyses. Mild hyperphosphatemia, severe hypercholesterolemia, mild hyperkalemia, and a mild increase in creatine kinase activity were identified. Serum concentration of total thyroxine was less than the lower reference limit, and that of thyroid-stimulating hormone was greater than the upper reference limit. Findings were consistent with a diagnosis of clinical hypothyroidism in a skeletally immature dog.
Treatment and Outcome—Treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was discontinued. The dog was reevaluated 3 weeks later, at which time the neck masses were markedly decreased in size. Serum concentrations of cholesterol and potassium were lower; serum concentrations of total thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone were near or within respective reference ranges. Age-appropriate increases in serum phosphorus concentration and serum alkaline phosphatase activity were also detected.
Clinical Relevance—To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of antimicrobial-induced goiter in a dog. Cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirates and interpretation of data from serum biochemical and thyroid function analyses were needed to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Practitioners should include goiter among the differential diagnoses for ventral neck swellings in young dogs receiving potentiated sulfonamide antimicrobials.
Results of excision of thymoma in cats and dogs: 20 cases (1984–2005)
Authors: Zitz Julia C. , Birchard Stephen J. , Couto Guillermo C. , Samii Valerie F. , Weisbrode Steven E. , Young Gregory S. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Objective—To provide long-term follow-up information for a series of dogs and cats with invasive and noninvasive thymomas treated by excision alone.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—9 cats and 11 dogs with thymoma.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed. The following factors were analyzed for their effect on prognosis: age of dog or cat, invasiveness of the tumor, percentage of lymphocytes in the mass (percentage lymphocyte composition) on histologic evaluation, and mitotic index of the mass.
Results—All patients were treated with excision of the tumor alone. Median overall survival time for the cats was 1,825 days, with a 1-year survival rate of 89% and a 3-year survival rate of 74%. Median overall survival time for the dogs was 790 days, with a 1-year survival rate of 64% and a 3-year survival rate of 42%. Recurrence of thymoma was observed in 2 cats and 1 dog, and a second surgery was performed in each, with subsequent survival times of 5, 3, and 4 years following the first surgery. Percentage lymphocyte composition of the mass was the only factor that was significantly correlated with survival time; animals with a high percentage of lymphocytes lived longer.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study indicated that most cats and dogs with thymomas did well after excision. Even cats and dogs with invasive masses that survived the surgery and the few cats and dogs with recurrent thymomas or paraneoplastic syndromes had a good long-term outcome. Excision should be considered an effective treatment option for dogs and cats with thymomas.
Effect of stress on the creep deformation of ASME Grade P92/T92 steels
Authors: Kimura Kazuhiro , Sawada Kota , Kushima Hideaki , Kubo Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The stress versus strain curve of ASME Grade P92/T92 steels was analysed and the stress dependence of the creep deformation behavior was investigated. Good correspondence between 50% of 0.2% offset yield stress and a proportional limit was observed over a range of temperatures from 550 to 700°C. Stress dependence of the minimum creep rate was divided into two groups of high and low stress regimes with a boundary condition of 0% offset yield stress. Creep deformation in the low stress regime was considered to be controlled by dislocation climb. Large stress dependence of the minimum creep rate in the high stress regime was equivalent to the strain rate dependence of flow stress observed in the tensile test. Creep strength in the high stress regime is assumed to be influenced by plastic deformation, and should be excluded for a long-term creep strength evaluation.
Joining strategies for open-porous metallic foams
Authors: Dilthey Ulrich , Harms Alexander , Longerich Stefan 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Within the Collaborative Research Centre 561 “Thermally highly loaded, porous and cooled multilayer systems for combined cycle power plants” open porous and high-temperature stable Ni-based structures are being developed for the requirements of effusion cooling. A two-dimensional cooling strategy for the walls of combustion chambers, that allows the outflow of the cooling medium over the complete wall area of the combustion chamber, could be realised by an open porous metallic foam structure. The open porous metallic foam is produced by the “Slip Reaction Foam Sintering” process, a powder metallurgical process. For joining several foams to assemble structural elements laser beam welding and capacitor discharge welding have been used. Different joining strategies have been examined for both processes to find out the most suitable method for joining these foams. In this paper the process setups, settings of the different strategies and results of trials (seam geometry and strength tests) are discussed. The need for graded structures to combine the essential permeability and adequate weldability is also shown.
Spheres of Microporous Titanosilicate Umbite with Hierarchical Pore Systems
Authors: Sebastián Víctor , Díaz Isabel , Téllez Carlos , Coronas Joaquín , Santamaría Jesús 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMicrometric polycrystalline spheres of up to 1 mm diameter of microporous titanosilicate K2TiSi3O9·H2O with umbite structure have been prepared without the use of organic structuring agents. These spheres are organized as micro/macroporous hierarchical materials with macropores in the 0.2–1.4 µm range of average size, showing that intraparticular resistance to water transport is not limiting. Also, similar ion exchange performance can be observed in the Ti‐umbite spheres and in the single crystals obtained under the same synthesis conditions.
Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,5‐Dihydrofurans in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Aksιn Özge , Krause Norbert 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNine α‐hydroxyallenes 1/3 were cyclized to the corresponding 2,5‐dihydrofurans 2/4 with complete axis‐to‐center chirality transfer in the presence of 1 mol% of AuBr3 using [BMIM] [PF6] as solvent at room temperature. The gold catalyst/ionic liquid system is air‐stable and recyclable. The leaching of the gold catalyst upon extraction of the product is extremely low (0.03% after five runs).
Refined electrolyte‐NRTL model: Activity coefficient expressions for application to multi‐electrolyte systems
Authors: Bollas G. M. , Chen C. C. , Barton P. I. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe influence of simplifying assumptions of the electrolyte‐nonrandom two‐liquid (NRTL) model in the derivation of activity coefficient expressions as applied to multi‐electrolyte systems is critically examined. A rigorous and thermodynamically consistent formulation for the activity coefficients is developed, in which the simplifying assumption of holding ionic‐charge fraction quantities constant in the derivation of activity coefficient expressions is removed. The refined activity coefficient formulation possesses stronger theoretical properties and practical superiority that is demonstrated through a case study representing the thermodynamic properties and speciation of dilute to concentrated aqueous sulfuric acid solutions at ambient conditions. In this case study phenomena, such as hydration, ion pairing, and partial dissociation are all taken into account. The overall result of this study is a consistent, analytically derived, short‐range interaction contribution formulation for the electrolyte‐NRTL activity coefficients and a very accurate representation of aqueous sulfuric acid solutions at ambient conditions at concentrations up to 50 molal. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Partial Xp11.23–p11.4 duplication with random X inactivation: Clinical report and molecular cytogenetic characterization
Authors: Monnot Sophie , Giuliano Fabienne , Massol Christophe , Fossoud Catherine , Cossée Mireille , Lambert Jean‐Claude , Karmous‐Benailly Houda 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPartial duplications of the short arm of the X chromosome are relatively rare and have been described in males and females. We describe a $4{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle {10}$}\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle {12}$}}$‐year‐old girl presenting with developmental delay, severe language retardation and minor anomalies with slightly elevated head circumference (+1.8 SD), prominent forehead, wide palpebral fissures and anteverted nares. No pigmentary dysplasia of the skin was present. The external genitalia were normal. The karyotype completed by cytogenetic analysis with the Whole Chromosome Painting probe of chromosome X revealed a de novo partial duplication of the short arm of an X chromosome. In order to further characterize the duplicated segment, we used a series of BAC probes extending from band Xp11.22 to Xp22.1. BACs from Xp11.23 to Xp11.4 were duplicated. The karyotype was finally defined as 46,X,dup(X)(p11p11).ish dup(X)(p11.23p11.4)(WCPX+,RP11‐416I6++,RP11‐386N14++,RP11‐466C12++). The X‐inactivation status was studied using the human androgen receptor (HUMARA) and the FRAXA locus methylation assay. Unexpectedly, the two X chromosomes were found to be randomly inactivated, in the proband. Indeed, usually, in women with structurally abnormal X chromosome, the abnormal X chromosome is preferentially inactivated and those patients share an apparent normal phenotype. So, we speculate that in the present case, the phenotype of the patient could be explained by a functional disomy of the genes present in the duplicated region. We will discuss the possible implication of these genes on the observed phenotype. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Delineation of a critical region on chromosome 18 for the del(18)(q12.2q21.1) syndrome
Authors: Buysse Karen , Menten Björn , Oostra Ann , Tavernier Sylvie , Mortier Geert R. , Speleman Frank 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDeletions involving the long arm of chromosome 18 have been reported in many patients. Most of these deletions are localized in the distal half of the long arm (18q21.1 → qter) and are detectable by standard cytogenetic analysis. However, smaller interstitial deletions leading to a recognizable phenotype and residing in the region around chromosome band 18q12.3 (bands q12–q21) are less common. Here we report on an interstitial deletion of less than 1.8 Mb within chromosomal band 18q12.3. The phenotypic features of the propositus correspond well with those observed in patients with larger cytogenetically detectable deletions encompassing chromosome band 18q12.3. The deletion enabled us to define a critical region for the following features of the del(18)(q12.2q21.1) syndrome: hypotonia, expressive language delay, short stature, and behavioral problems. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low‐level mosaicism of trisomy 14: Phenotypic and molecular characterization
Authors: Shinawi Marwan , Shao Lina , Jeng Linda Jo Bone , Shaw Chad A. , Patel Ankita , Bacino Carlos , Sutton Vernon R. , Belmont John , Cheung Sau Wai 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTrisomy 14 mosaicism is a rare cytogenetic abnormality with a defined and recognizable clinical phenotype. We present a detailed clinical history and physical findings of five patients with low‐level mosaicism of trisomy 14 detected by array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH) analysis or by routine chromosome analysis. These patients exhibited growth and developmental delays with variable severity, congenital anomalies, pigmentary skin lesions, and dysmorphic features. The phenotype of our patients was compared with previously described cases. This report suggests that trisomy 14 mosaicism may be more common than has been previously appreciated and also illustrates the important application of array‐CGH to detect low‐level mosaic chromosome abnormalities. We predict that a wider application of the array‐CGH technology will significantly increase the detection rate of low‐level mosaicism and will subsequently improve our ability to provide a diagnosis for patients with dysmorphic features, congenital anomalies, and developmental delay. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intensive cardiac management in patients with trisomy 13 or trisomy 18
Authors: Kaneko Yukihiro , Kobayashi Jotaro , Yamamoto Yusuke , Yoda Hitoshi , Kanetaka Yuki , Nakajima Yayohi , Endo Daiichi , Tsuchiya Keiji , Sato Hajime , Kawakami Tadashi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIntensive cardiac management such as pharmacological intervention for ductal patency (indomethacin and/or mefenamic acid for closure and prostaglandin E1 for maintenance) and palliative or corrective surgery is a standard treatment for congenital heart defects. However, whether it would be a treatment option for children with trisomy 13 or trisomy 18 syndrome is controversial because the efficacy on survival in patients with these trisomies has not been evaluated. We retrospectively reviewed 31 consecutive neonates with trisomy 13 or trisomy 18 admitted to our neonatal ward within 6 hr of birth between 2000 and 2005. The institutional management policies differed during three distinct periods. In the first period, both pharmacological ductal intervention and cardiac surgery were withheld. In the second, pharmacological ductal intervention was offered as an option, but cardiac surgery was withheld. Both strategies were available during the third period. The median survival times of 13, 9, and 9 neonates from the first, second, and third periods were 7, 24, and 243 days, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that the patients in the third period survived significantly longer than the others. Intensive cardiac management consisting of pharmacological intervention for ductal patency and cardiac surgery was demonstrated to improve survival in patients with trisomy 13 or trisomy 18 in this series. Therefore, we suggest that this approach is a treatment option for cardiac lesions associated with these trisomies. These data are helpful for clinicians and families to consider in the optimal treatment of patients with these trisomies. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The genetics of obsessive compulsive disorder: A review of the evidence
Authors: Pauls David L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric disorder that can have disabling effects on both adults and children. Twin, family, segregation, and linkage studies have demonstrated that OCD is familial, that the familiality is due in part to genetic factors and there are regions of the genome which very likely harbor susceptibility loci for OCD. Over 60 candidate gene studies have been conducted. Most studies have focused on genes in the serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways. Unfortunately, none have achieved genome‐wide significance and with the exception of the glutamate transporter gene, none have been reliably replicated. Future research will requite much larger samples and the collaboration of researchers to be able to identify susceptibility loci for OCD. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alzheimer and frontotemporal pathology in subsets of primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Mesulam Marsel , Wicklund Alissa , Johnson Nancy , Rogalski Emily , Léger Gabriel C. , Rademaker Alfred , Weintraub Sandra , Bigio Eileen H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo identify predictors of Alzheimer's disease (AD) versus frontotemporal lobar degeneration pathology in primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and determine whether the AD pathology is atypically distributed to fit the aphasic phenotype.MethodsNeuropsychological and neuropathological analyses of 23 consecutive PPA autopsies. All had qualitative determination of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) density. Additional quantitation was done in four of the PPA/AD cases and four AD cases with the typical amnestic dementia of the Alzheimer type.ResultsThe sample contained mostly logopenic, agrammatic, and mixed forms of PPA. All six agrammatics had frontotemporal lobar degeneration (five of six with tauopathy). Seven of the 11 logopenics had AD. In logopenics, lower memory scores increased the probability of AD, but there were exceptions. The PPA/AD group showed predominance of entorhinal NFT typical of the amnestic dementia of the Alzheimer type. In the small subgroup examined quantitatively, neocortical NFTs were more numerous in the left hemisphere of PPA/AD. However, the asymmetry was low and inconsistent. Neuritic plaques did not display consistent asymmetry. Apolipoprotein E4, a major risk factor for typical AD, did not predict AD pathology in PPA.InterpretationSubtyping PPA helps to predict AD versus frontotemporal lobar degeneration pathology at the group level. However, our results and the literature also indicate that no clinical predictor is completely reliable in individual patients. The inconsistent concordance of NFT distribution with the asymmetric atrophy and the nonamnestic phenotype also raises the possibility that the AD markers encountered at autopsy in PPA may not always reflect the nature of the initiating neurodegenerative process. Ann Neurol 2008