bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative ceramic paste for stereolithography additive manufacturing alumina core applied in turbine blade casting
Authors: Ye Zhiwen , Hao Zongdong , Dou Rui , Wang Li , Tang Weizhe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCeramic stereolithography 3D printing technology has demonstrated great potential in alumina core manufacturing for advanced turbine blade casting. However, there have been very few photosensitive material formulas specifically designed for alumina core fabrications. Herein, we present the design of a 3D printable ceramic paste based on bimodal particle size distributions for additive manufacturing of high‐quality alumina cores. The coarse particles in the paste remain in their original shape while the fine particles transform into platelet‐like particles during sintering. The effects of coarse particles, platelet‐like particles, and grain growth on maintaining porosity and limiting shrinkage rates are studied. Furthermore, the vacuum sintering process is found to be beneficial for core material properties. The physical properties tests verify that the newly designed alumina paste in this work can meet the application requirement, which is superior to the previous research.
Diagnostic insights from chemometric analysis of hemogram inflammatory indexes in male smokers with and without asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Singh Brajesh , Dutta Vijay , Singh Smiti , Pundit Priyanka 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) becomes difficult in a primary healthcare center due to ambiguous interpretation of spirometry and lack of facility to access established biomarkers. While routine hematological indices are easily available and accessible. The study aimed to evaluate the role of different hemogram indexes in males in COPD, asthma, and healthy smokers.Materials and MethodsLung function tests and complete blood count (CBC) were done for 50 male subjects each from asthma, COPD, and healthy smokers. Multivariate analysis (MVA) was performed on blood indices data set. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to observe the performance of indexes. Pearson correlation was used to establish association between the lung function and blood indices.ResultsMost of the indices were elevated in COPD. Whereas, asthma patients showed a significant increase in eosinophil basophil ratio (EBR), lymphocyte‐monocyte ratio (LMR), and mean platelet volume‐platelet count ratio (MPR). Orthogonal (O)‐ Partial Least‐Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA) and variable importance in projection (VIP) score established EBR, neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and LMR, as discriminants for asthma. Whereas, Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI), NLR and EBR were the key variables for COPD. NLR (r = −0.73, p < 0.001) and SIRI (r = −0.71, p < 0.001) were found to be negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) percentage of the predicted value (%pred) in asthma and COPD, respectively. EBR showed the sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 86% respectively in asthma. NLR was having sensitivity of 82% and 90% specificity in COPD.ConclusionOur study in males shows routine hematological indices as being cost‐effective, feasible, and seem to have tremendous potential as screening markers among chronic respiratory diseases in a primary healthcare center.
Optimal production and carbon reduction investment decision for manufacturers with leasing–selling strategies considering financing
Authors: Liu Biyu , Shi Yaling , Yang Haidong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFor a capital‐constrained manufacturer, in the context of carbon reduction, whether products should be sold or leased and which financing mode is more beneficial are usually debated. By considering Carbon Emission Permits Repurchase Financing (CEPRF) and Green Credit Financing (GCF), the optimal decision‐making models with different strategies are presented. The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker theorem is applied and the results are compared. Meanwhile, the influence of initial capital and interest rates on the manufacturer's decision‐makings, profits, and environment are explored. The results show that: under the selling strategy, when the initial capital is small, GCF is better for the manufacturer; otherwise, CEPRF is better; under the leasing strategy, both optimal production and carbon reduction investment with CEPRF are lower than that with GCF, but their profits are higher. With CEPRF, the leasing strategy would bring more economic and environmental benefits to the manufacturer; with GCF, the selling strategy would result in more economic and environment benefits.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on longitudinal trends of surgical mortality and inpatient quality of care in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Habbous Steven , Ford Maggie , Bar‐Ziv Stacey , Donovan Terri , Hellsten Erik 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsPrevious studies have shown the COVID‐19 pandemic was associated with reductions in volume across a spectrum of non‐SARS‐CoV‐2 hospitalizations. In the present study, we examine the impact of the pandemic on patient safety and quality of care.DesignThis is a retrospective population‐based study of discharge abstracts.MethodsWe applied a set of nationally validated indicators for measuring the quality of inpatient care to hospitalizations in Ontario, Canada between January 2010 and December 2022. We measured 90‐day mortality after selected types of higher risk admissions (such as cancer surgery and cardiovascular emergency) and the rate of patient harm events (such as delirium, pressure injuries and hospital‐acquired infections) occurring during the hospital stay.ResultsA total 13,876,377 hospitalization episodes were captured. Compared with the pre‐pandemic period, and independent of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, the pandemic period was associated with higher rates of mortality after bladder cancer resection (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.20 (1.07–1.34)) and open repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm (aRR 1.45 (1.06–1.99)). The pandemic was also associated with higher rates of delirium (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.04 (1.02–1.06)), venous thromboembolism (aOR 1.10 (1.06–1.13)), pressure injuries (aOR 1.28 (1.24–1.33)), aspiration pneumonitis (aOR 1.15 (1.12–1.18)), urinary tract infections (aOR 1.02 (1.01–1.04)),Clostridiodes difficileinfection (aOR 1.05 (1.02–1.09)), pneumothorax (aOR 1.08 (1.03–1.13)), and use of restraints (aOR 1.12 (1.10–1.14)), but was associated with lower rates of viral gastroenteritis (aOR 0.22 (0.18–0.28)). During the pandemic, SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive admissions were associated with a higher likelihood of various harm events.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic was associated with higher rates of patient harm for a wide range of non‐SARS‐CoV‐2 inpatient populations.ImpactUnderstanding which quality measures are improving or deteriorating can help health systems prioritize quality improvement initiatives.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Spiritual coping within medical professions: A psychometric analysis of the Numinous Motivations Inventory short form
Authors: Williamson Elizabeth , Piedmont Ralph L. , Fox Jesse , Rowe Megan , Robinson Diane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo examine the psychometric properties of a short form version of the Numinous Motivation Inventory (NMI) for use with healthcare providers in measuring their existential engagement with life and to assess its relationship with spiritual coping and emotional dysphoria.DesignCorrelational and psychometric study.MethodData were collected from June to December 2022. Participants included 102 physicians, recruited from across the United States. Qualtrics was utilized to collect data, and they were evaluated with the NMI short form, Spiritual Coping Questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS‐21).ResultsObtained fit statistics from structural equation modelling analysis indicated close fit of the NMI short form with the original model. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated the value of the NMI as a predictor of negative affect independent of spiritual coping. The NMI did not interact with Spiritual Coping, which was independent of negative affect.ConclusionsThe Numinous represents an important aspect of physicians' coping. The constructs can be utilized in training and clinical settings as a valuable and easy‐to‐use metric for promoting and assessing wellness. The implications of these findings and the value of the NMI were discussed.ImpactAn understanding of existential drivers can equip one to cope with the stressors of healthcare. The NMI short form has the capability to explore an individual's existential drivers through the understanding of three domains.Reporting MethodAdhered to proper EQUATOR guidelines (GRRAS).Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Joint association and interaction of birth weight and lifestyle with hypertension: A cohort study in UK Biobank
Authors: Zhang Ziyi , Liu Xiaowen , Huang Ninghao , Jin Ming , Zhuang Zhenhuang , Yang Zeping , Liu Xiaojing , Huang Tao , Li Nan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLow birth weight and unhealthy lifestyle are both associated with an increased risk of hypertension. The authors aimed to assess the joint association and interaction of birth weight and lifestyle with incident hypertension. The authors included 205 522 participants free of hypertension at baseline from UK Biobank. A healthy lifestyle score was constructed using information on body mass index, physical activity, diet, smoking status and alcohol intake. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the impact of birth weight, healthy lifestyle score and their joint effect on hypertension. The authors documented 13 548 (6.59%) incident hypertension cases during a median of 8.6 years of follow‐up. The multivariate adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 1.12 (1.09, 1.15) per kg lower birth weight and 0.76 (0.75, 0.77) per score increment in healthy lifestyle score. Healthy lifestyle reduced the risk of hypertension in any category of different birth weight groups. The preventive effect of healthy lifestyle on hypertension was the most pronounced at lower birth weight with <2500 g and 2500–2999 g, respectively. Addictive interaction between birth weight and healthy lifestyle score was observed with the relative excess risk due to interaction of 0.04 (0.03, 0.05). Our findings emphasized the importance of healthy lifestyle for hypertension prevention, especially among the high‐risk population with lower birth weight.
Comparative safety and effectiveness of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and thiazides and thiazide‐like diuretics under strict monotherapy
Authors: Anand Tara V. , Bu Fan , Schuemie Martijn J. , Suchard Marc A. , Hripcsak George 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrevious work comparing safety and effectiveness outcomes for new initiators of angiotensin converting‐enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and thiazides demonstrated more favorable outcomes for thiazides, although cohort definitions allowed for addition of a second antihypertensive medication after a week of monotherapy. Here, we modify the monotherapy definition, imposing exit from cohorts upon addition of another antihypertensive medication. We determine hazard ratios (HR) for 55 safety and effectiveness outcomes over six databases and compare results to earlier findings. We find, for all primary outcomes, statistically significant differences in effectiveness between ACEi and thiazides were not replicated (HRs: 1.11, 1.06, 1.12 for acute myocardial infarction, hospitalization with heart failure and stroke, respectively). While statistical significance is similarly lost for several safety outcomes, the safety profile of thiazides remains more favorable. Our results indicate a less striking difference in effectiveness of thiazides compared to ACEi and reflect some sensitivity to the monotherapy cohort definition modification.
Association of postexercise blood pressure with cardiovascular outcomes and mortality: The CARDIA study
Authors: Wang Jia‐Jie , Zheng Zhichao , Zhang Ying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPostexercise blood pressure (BP) may be a better predictor of cardiovascular risk than office BP, but there is a lack of data supporting this claim. We hypothesized that postexercise BP may be an important prognostic marker. Our aim was to evaluate the association of postexercise BP with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all‐cause mortality. A total of 2581 participants (median age, 46 years; 55.9% women) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study at year 20 (2005–2006) who underwent a graded exercise treadmill test using a modified Balke graded protocol were included. Postexercise BP was measured at baseline. Cox models were used to estimate the associations of postexercise BP with MACE and all‐cause mortality. Participants were followed up until December 31, 2021. In the entire population, postexercise systolic BP showed no significant association with MACE or all‐cause mortality, while postexercise diastolic BP was associated with MACE (hazard ratios [HR], 1.27 [95% CI, 1.06–1.52], per 10 mmHg increase) and all‐cause mortality (HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.05–1.51], per 10 mmHg increase). In the normal BP group, postexercise systolic BP was not significantly associated with MACE or all‐cause mortality, and postexercise diastolic BP was strongly associated with MACE (HR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.18–2.09], per 10 mmHg increase). In this population‐based cohort study, postexercise diastolic BP was significantly associated with the risk of MACE and all‐cause mortality. Among individuals with normal BP, postexercise diastolic BP could identify those at a higher risk of cardiovascular events.
LncRNAs expression profile in a family household cluster of COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Iancu Iulia Virginia , Diaconu Carmen Cristina , Plesa Adriana , Fudulu Alina , Albulescu Adrian , Neagu Ana Iulia , Pitica Ioana Madalina , Dragu Laura Denisa , Bleotu Coralia , Chivu‐Economescu Mihaela , Matei Lilia , Mambet Cristina , Nedeianu Saviana , Popescu Corneliu Petru , Sultana Camelia , Ruta Simona Maria , Botezatu Anca 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMore than 3 years after the start of SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, the molecular mechanisms behind the viral pathogenesis are still not completely understood. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), well‐known players in viral infections, can represent prime candidates for patients' risk stratification. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the lncRNA profile in a family cluster of COVID‐19 cases with different disease progression, during the initial wave of the pandemic and to evaluate their potential as biomarkers for COVID‐19 evolution. LncRNA expression was investigated in nasopharyngeal swabs routinely collected for diagnosis. Distinct expression patterns of five lncRNAs (HOTAIR, HOTAIRM1, TMEVPG1, NDM29 and snaR) were identified in all the investigated cases, and they were associated with disease severity. Additionally, a significant increase in the expression of GAS5‐family and ZFAS1 lncRNAs, which target factors involved in the inflammatory response, was observed in the sample collected from the patient with the most severe disease progression. An lncRNA prognostic signature was defined, opening up novel research avenues in understanding the interactions between lncRNAs and SARS‐CoV‐2.
On color adjustment potential and color blending threshold of dental composite resins
Authors: Kovacs‐Vajna Zs. M. , Manauta J. , Tosco V. , Faccoli M. , Torricelli F. , Colalongo L. , Richelli A. , Autran F. , Devoto W. , Putignano A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveColor Adjustment Potential evaluates the color blending of dental Composite Resins. While Color Adjustment Potential is simple, its clinical relevance is unclear. This research aims to understand it better and to create an index for Composite Resins with meaningful clinical interpretation.Materials and MethodsSingle and double shade composite disks of various diameters and opacities were created to test the indices. Color measurements used a dental colorimeter, avoiding subjective assessments. Color Adjustment Potential analysis of each material revealed insights, leading to the creation of a new Color Blending Threshold, providing a clinically relevant numerical value for Composite Resins.ResultsColor Adjustment Potential's numerical significance was clarified and introduced a new index for clinical applications. Color adaptation of each test shade to all Vita shades was also calculated, useful for single‐shade restorations in open and closed cavity types.ConclusionsThe proposed Color Blending Threshold defines the open/closed cavity dimension that can be adequately restored with a single shade of resin composite.Clinical SignificanceUnderstanding how dental materials adapt to surrounding tooth colors enhances esthetic restorations, simplifies shade matching, and optimizes resin composite production. The proposed Color Blending Threshold is a parameter that directly relates to the clinical significance of a material's true color blending ability. It defines the cavity dimension that can be adequately restored with a single shade of resin composite while ensuring that the resulting color difference falls below a predetermined threshold, meeting the clinical requirements for an esthetic restoration.
Can denticle morphology help identify southeastern Australian elasmobranchs?
Authors: Appleby Mariah , Raoult Vincent , Broadhurst Matt K. , Gaston Troy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElasmobranchs are covered in scale‐like structures called dermal denticles, comprising dentine and enameloid. These structures vary across the body of an individual and between species, and are frequently shed and preserved in marine sediments. With a good understanding of denticle morphology, current and historical elasmobranch diversity and abundance might be assessed from sediment samples. Here, replicate samples of denticles from the bodies of several known (deceased) shark species were collected and characterized for morphology before being assigned morphotypes. These data were used to expand the established literature describing denticles and to investigate intra‐ and interspecific variability, with the aim of increasing the viability of using sediment samples to assess elasmobranch diversity and abundance. Denticle morphology was influenced more by life‐history traits than by species, where demersal species were largely characterized by generalized function and defense denticles, whereas pelagic and benthopelagic species were characterized by drag‐reduction denticles. Almost all species possessed abrasion strength or defense denticles on the snout, precluding their utility for separating species. In a separate manipulative experiment, samples of denticles were collected from sediments in two aquaria with known elasmobranchs to determine their utility for reliably separating species. Visual examination of denticles, morphometric measurements, scaled photographs, and reference collections allowed for some precise identification, but not always to the species level. Ongoing work to develop denticle reference collections could help to identify past and present families and, in some cases, species.
Enterolith with a bonefish spine nidus in a Brazilian cownose ray Rhinoptera brasiliensis (Müller & Henle) (Myliobatiformes: Rhinopteridae)
Authors: Camilo L. O. , Maganhe B. L. , Gallo Neto H. , Sanches E. G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn adult female Brazilian cownose ray (Rhinoptera brasiliensis), housed in Ubatuba Aquarium died after loss of appetite period. During necropsy, an enterolith was discovered partially obstructing the intestinal lumen. Examination of the enterolith revealed a bonefish spine nidus. Enterolithiasis has been linked to multiple factors including diet, genetics, alkaline intestinal environments and, as in this particular case, the ingestion and retention of foreign bodies. The composition of this enterolith from a cownose ray was primarily monohydrocalcite. This short communication, apparently the first to report enterolithiasis in stingrays, emphasizes the need for post‐mortem examinations of carcasses on macroscopic and microscopic levels.
Intraday variation in trading costs: Evidence from the TSPP
Authors: Cox Justin , Van Ness Bonnie , Van Ness Robert 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe examine changes in the intraday pattern of trading costs between pilot and control stocks during the US Securities and Exchange Commission tick size pilot program (TSPP). We find that intraday trading costs are relatively unchanged between pilot and control stocks in pre‐ and post‐TSPP periods. We find that differences in trading costs between pilot and control stocks during the TSPP are lower in the morning and greater toward the close. We also find that intraday differences in quoted depth between pilot and control stocks during the TSPP is lower at the beginning of the day, increases during the day, and falls toward the close of trading.
An age‐friendly approach to primary care in an academic health system
Authors: Wismann Andrea , Kleszynski Keith , Jelinek Dawn , Hand Rachel , Lich Brian , Wickersham Elizabeth , Jennings Lee A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAge‐friendly care, addressing what matters most, medications, mentation, and mobility, is a successful model for improving older adult care. We describe the initial outcomes of age‐friendly care implementation in five primary care clinics in an academic health system.MethodsIn partnership with a regional quality improvement (QI) organization, we used practice facilitation to implement age‐friendly care from July 2020 to June 2023. Clinic workflows and electronic health record (EHR) templates were modified to capture six QI measures for patients ≥65 years:
Documenting what matters most to patients
Advance care planning (ACP)
Annual cognitive screening
Caregiver referral to dementia community resources
Fall‐risk screening
Co‐prescription of opioid and sedative‐hypnotic drugs
Providers were alerted if patients had positive screens and given support tools for clinical decision‐making. QI measures from January–June 2023 were compared to the year prior to implementation. Providers and staff were interviewed about implementation barriers and facilitators.ResultsAll six measures improved in Geriatrics and and other clinics showed improvement in ACP and cognitive screening. All clinics had high fall‐risk screening rates (≥85%). The least improved measure was co‐prescription of opioids and sedative‐hypnotics with co‐prescription rates ranging from 7% to 39%. Implementation hinged on leadership prioritization, practice facilitator guidance, clinical team buy‐in, EHR functionality, and clinical performance review. Three clinics received Age‐Friendly Health System recognition.ConclusionsA QI approach using practice facilitation and EHR templates improved some but not all age‐friendly care measures. Future interventions will focus on training in high‐risk medication tapering and elicitation of health goals.