bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical variations of the plantaris muscle and a potential role in patellofemoral pain syndrome
Authors: Freeman A. Jay , Jacobson Nathan A. , Fogg Quentin A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe plantaris muscle has been given little attention in the reviewed literature. It is most commonly mentioned only when absent from a specimen. This study aimed to document the anatomy of the plantaris muscle and to discuss the clinical significance of the observations. Cadaveric knees (n = 46) were dissected to identify the possible variations of the plantaris muscle. The muscle conformed with standard descriptions (n = 26; 56.52%), was present but varied from previous descriptions (n = 14; 30.44%), or was absent (n = 6; 13.04%). The variations consisted of distinct interdigitations with the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle (n = 9; 19.57%) and a strong fibrous extension of the plantaris muscle to the patella (n = 5; 10.87%). The presence of interdigitations strengthen the argument that the plantaris muscle supplement the activity of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle whereas the patellar extension suggests an involvement with patellofemoral dynamics and may play a role in the various presentations of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Greater understanding of the relationship between these and other posterior knee structures will facilitate more precise interpretation and treatment of knee injuries. Clin. Anat. 21:178–181, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interactive 3D stereoscopic digital‐image analysis of the basilar artery bifurcation
Authors: Żurada Anna , St. Gielecki Jerzy , Baron Jan , Zawiliński JarosŁaw , Kozłowska Hanna 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe goal of this study was to analyze morphometrical variations of the basilar artery bifurcation (BAB), so that physicians could map out a patients anatomical structure prior to delicate neurosurgical procedures. The CT‐angio files of 98 patients ranging from 12 to 78 years of age were retrieved. These files were evaluated using Gradual Angiographic Image Data Analyzer (GAIDA) software, where a new interactive three‐dimensional (3D) stereoscopic visualization method was used to reconstruct computer images of the BAB complex. Subsequently the measurements of the BAB angles and BAB distances in relation to the dorsum sellae (DS), posterior clinoid processes (PCPs), and posterior biclinoid plane (PBP) were carried out. The average BAB angle was determined to be 117.7° (30.93°–172.2°). The three types of BAB were classified as type T with a BAB angle greater than 145° (mean 154.4°), type Y for an angle being equal or less than 145° but greater than 100° (mean 121.5°) and type V for angles less than 100° (mean 83.28°). The mean distances between BAB and DS (9.55 mm), BAB and left PCP (12.97 mm), and BAB and right PCP (13.01 mm), BAB and PBP (2.2 mm) were evaluated. Furthermore, the BAB is of great importance when examining basilar artery aneurysm development, particularly at the point of greatest hemodynamic stress, as well as the BAB distances in relation to the bony landmarks used for different approach methods in neurosurgical procedures. Clin. Anat. 21:127–137, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postnatal changes in osseous and mucosal morphology of the hard palate
Authors: Krmpotic‐Nemanic Jelena , Vinter Ivan , Jalsovec Dubravko , Ehrenfreund Tin , Marusic Ana 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe investigated the postnatal changes in the dimensions, configuration, and surface pattern of the hard palate in 68 skulls, ranging in age from birth to 90 years of age. The number of palatine rugae of the palatine mucosa was assessed in 168 living subjects aged 11–98 years. Before the first dentition appeared, the osseous palate was concave, smooth, and lacked alveolar processes. In maxillar specimens from the end of the first year to the end of the fourth year of life, balloon‐like osseous formations, containing the elements of permanent teeth, appeared bilaterally behind the deciduous incisors. With age, the concavity of the palate diminished and became flat with the loss of the teeth. The presence of teeth was associated with the height of the alveolar ridge, which decreased from 7.3 ± 4.4 mm in specimens with intact teeth to 4.7 ± 4.1 mm in specimens without teeth (P = 0.020). Palatine rugae were a common finding in living subjects, but were more often absent in older age (2.2% in 11–50 age group vs. 12.8% in 51–98 age group, P = 0.0183). Our results suggest that the morphology of the hard palate rapidly changes during deciduous and permanent teeth eruption and is related to the presence of alveolar ridges and teeth in adults. Palate osseous morphology may be morphologically and functionally independent from its mucosal morphology. Changes in the morphology of the osseous palate are clinically relevant for dental prosthetics and tooth implantation. Clin. Anat. 21:158–164, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Materialism as a predictor variable of low income consumer behavior when entering into installment plan agreements
Authors: Ponchio Mateus Canniatti , Aranha Francisco 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

This paper explores the influence of materialism on consumer indebtedness among low income individuals who live in poor regions of Sao Paulo. A materialism scale was adapted to this context and used to describe the level of materialism among the population surveyed. Results obtained relative to the relationship between materialism and socio‐demographic variables are compared to those of previous studies. A logistic regression model was developed in order to characterize individuals who have an installment plan payment booklet—the main source of consumer credit for the population studied—and to differentiate them from those who do not, based on the materialism level, socio‐demographic variables and purchasing and consumer habits. The proposed model confirms materialism as a behavioral variable that is useful for forecasting the probability of an individual getting into debt in order to consume. Income had the biggest relative influence on the regression model, followed by materialism and age, controlled by gender.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceived trustworthiness of online shops
Authors: Büttner Oliver B. , Göritz Anja S. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Trust has been found to be crucial for consumer behaviour towards online shops. However, existing studies on the role of trust in electronic commerce are mainly based on ad hoc scales to measure trustworthiness, merely rely on self‐reported consequences of trust such as intention to buy, and focus on low‐risk products.
In a web‐based study, 634 participants interacted with a provider of medical goods, that is a simulated online pharmacy. The study develops and employs a psychometrically sound scale for assessing perceived trustworthiness of online shops. Moreover, it examines the impact of trustworthiness on both consumers' intended and actual behaviour towards online shops.
Results show that trustworthiness promotes both intention to buy and actual financial risk taking. Perceived risk was not found to moderate the relationship between trustworthiness and intention to buy. Instead, trustworthiness partially mediated the influence of perceived risk on intention to buy. The results from the scale development challenge multidimensional conceptualizations of trust; comparing this finding with other studies suggests that the duration of the relationship might moderate the dimensionality of trust.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dependence patterns in consumer behavior: exploration and refinement of a concept
Authors: Cornwell T. Bettina , Wamwara‐Mbugua L. Wakiuru , Nicovich Stefan G. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Dependency is proposed as an implicit yet undeveloped concept important in understanding consumer behavior. The development of this idea takes as a jumping‐off point, the family life cycle literature because it has implicitly recognized the importance of dependent children. A taxonomy of dependence is offered as several propositions regarding dependency patterns. While the central offering of this paper is theoretical, the concept is explored via focus groups with 24 women. Findings suggest that the concept is worthy of future development.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consumer ethnocentrism, cultural sensitivity, and intention to purchase local products—evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Tho D. , Nguyen Trang T.M. , Barrett Nigel J. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

This study empirically investigates the impacts of consumer ethnocentrism and cultural sensitivity on both imported product judgment and intention to purchase local products in the context of a developing country—Vietnam. Structural equation modeling was used to test these impacts, utilizing a sample of 549 consumers. The results show that consumer ethnocentrism is negatively related to imported product judgment and positively related to intention to purchase local products. In addition, cultural sensitivity has a positive relationship with imported product judgment but not with consumer ethnocentrism. The results also indicate that the impacts of consumer ethnocentrism on imported product judgment and on intention to purchase local products are not different in terms of product categories, gender, income, and education levels. However, differences exist between younger and older consumers.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Authentic Heterologous Expression of the Tenellin Iterative Polyketide Synthase Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Requires Coexpression with an Enoyl Reductase
Authors: Halo Laura M. , Marshall James W. , Yakasai Ahmed A. , Song Zhongshu , Butts Craig P. , Crump Matthew P. , Heneghan Mary , Bailey Andrew M. , Simpson Thomas J. , Lazarus Colin. M. , Cox Russell J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe tenS gene encoding tenellin synthetase (TENS), a 4239‐residue polyketide synthase nonribosomal‐peptide synthetase (PKS‐NRPS) from Beauveria bassiana, was expressed in Aspergillus oryzae M‐2‐3. This led to the production of three new compounds, identified as acyl tetramic acids, and numerous minor metabolites. Consideration of the structures of these compounds indicates that the putative C‐terminal thiolester reductase (R) domain does not act as a reductase, but appears to act as a Dieckmann cyclase (DKC). Expression of tenS in the absence of a trans‐acting ER component encoded by orf3 led to errors in assembly of the polyketide component, giving clues to the mode of programming of highly reducing fungal PKS. Coexpression of tenS with orf3 from the linked gene cluster led to the production of a correctly elaborated polyketide. The NRPS adenylation domain possibly shows the first identified fungal signature sequences for tyrosine selectivity.
Octahedral Adducts of Dichlorosilane with Substituted Pyridines: Synthesis, Reactivity and a Comparison of Their Structures and 29Si NMR Chemical Shifts
Authors: Fester Gerrit W. , Wagler Jörg , Brendler Erica , Böhme Uwe , Roewer Gerhard , Kroke Edwin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractH2SiCl2 and substituted pyridines (Rpy) form adducts of the type all‐trans‐SiH2Cl2⋅2 Rpy. Pyridines with substituents in the 4‐ (CH3, C2H5, H2CCH, (CH3)3C, (CH3)2N) and 3‐positions (Br) give the colourless solids 1 a–f. The reaction with pyrazine results in the first 1:2 adduct (2) of H2SiCl2 with an electron‐deficient heteroaromatic compound. Treatment of 1 d and 1 e with CHCl3 yields the ionic complexes [SiH2(Rpy)4]Cl2⋅6 CHCl3 (Rpy=4‐methylpyridine (3 d) and 4‐ethylpyridine (3 e)). All products are investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and 29Si CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. The Si atoms are found to be situated on centres of symmetry (inversion, rotation), and the SiN distances vary between 193.3 pm for 1 c (4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine complex) and 197.3 pm for 2. Interestingly, the pyridine moieties are coplanar and nearly in an eclipsed position with respect to the SiH2 units, except for the ethyl‐substituted derivative 1 e, which shows a more staggered conformation in the solid state. Calculation of the energy profile for the rotation of one pyridine ring indicates two minima that are separated by only 1.2 kJ mol−1 and a maximum barrier of 12.5 kJ mol−1. The 29Si NMR chemical shifts (δiso) range from −145.2 to −152.2 ppm and correlate with the electron density at the Si atoms, in other words with the +I and +M effects of the substituents. Again, compound 1 e is an exception and shows the highest shielding. The bonding situation at the Si atoms and the 29Si NMR tensor components are analysed by quantum chemical methods at the density functional theory level. The natural bond orbital analysis indicates polar covalent SiH bonds and very polar SiCl bonds, with the highest bond polarisation being observed for the SiN interaction, which must be considered a donor–acceptor interaction. An analysis of the topological properties of the electron distribution (AIM) suggests a Lewis structure, thereby supporting this bonding situation.
Supramolecular Structural Diversity among First‐Generation Hybrid Dendrimers and Twin Dendrons
Authors: Percec Virgil , Rudick Jonathan G. , Peterca Mihai , Yurchenko Michael E. , Smidrkal Jan , Heiney Paul A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractHybrid dendrimers, obtained by complete monofunctionalization of the peripheral amines of a “zero‐generation” polyethyleneimine dendrimer, provide structurally diverse lamellar, columnar, and cubic self‐organized lattices that are less readily available from other modified dendritic structures. The reaction of tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (TREN) with 4‐dodecyloxybenzimidazolide provides only the corresponding zero‐generation TREN dendrimer. From the mixture of tri‐ and disubstituted TREN derivatives obtained from first‐generation self‐assembling dendritic imidazolides, the hybrid dendrimer and a twin dendron could be separated, purified, and characterized. The hybrid dendrimers display smectic, columnar hexagonal (Φh), and cubic (Pm$\bar 3$n) lattices. The TREN twin dendrons, on which only two peripheral amines have been acylated, exhibit centered‐rectangular columnar (Φr‐c), Φh, and Pm$\bar 3$n lattices. The existence of a thermoreversible Φh‐to‐Pm$\bar 3$n phase transition in the first‐generation hybrid dendrimers and twin dendrons is exploited to elucidate an epitaxial relationship between the two mesophases. We postulate a mechanism by which the transition proceeds. The thermoreversible Φh‐to‐Pm$\bar 3$n phase change is accompanied by optical property changes that are suitable for rudimentary signaling or logic functions. This structural diversity reflects the quasiequivalence of flat‐taper and conical self‐assembling dendrons and the ability of flexible dendrimers to accommodate concomitant conformational and shape changes.
Metastability of Corundum‐Type In2O3
Authors: Gurlo Aleksander , Kroll Peter , Riedel Ralf 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe description of structural relations between bixbyite‐ and corundum‐type structures is of particular interest because of the common occurrence of both structures. One of the representative examples of the bixbyite to corundum transition is the high‐pressure high‐temperature synthesis of the corundum‐type indium oxide. The wet chemistry synthesis and stabilisation of the corundum‐type In2O3 under ambient pressure conditions calls for a re‐interpretation of the InO phase diagram as well as for the clarification of the phase transitions in In2O3. One of the questions to be clarified is the stability of the corundum‐type In2O3. In the present work we studied the stability of the corundum‐type In2O3 both theoretically (by density‐functional calculations) and experimentally. The synthesis of the corundum‐type In2O3 was performed by the modified non‐alkoxide sol–gel method based on the ammonia‐induced hydrolysis of indium nitrate in methanol. The corundum‐type In2O3 was subjected to thermal analysis (STA) as well as to structural studies, that is, it was examined using X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) including in situ XRPD characterisation upon thermal treatment. For the first time we have undoubtedly demonstrated, both theoretically and experimentally, the metastability of the corundum‐type In2O3 polymorph. The In2O3 polymorph appears to be metastable throughout the entire enthalpy–pressure phase diagram. Upon heating, corundum‐type In2O3 transforms irreversibly into cubic bixbyite‐type In2O3 as shown by STA as well as in situ heating XRPD experiments. Computations indicate the existence of another high‐pressure modification of In2O3 with orthorhombic structure, iso‐typic to Rh2O3‐II. We predict this new phase to form at pressures exceeding 15 GPa from both the cubic bixbyite‐type and the corundum‐type modification of In2O3.
meso‐Aryl Substituted Rubyrin and Its Higher Homologues: Structural Characterization and Chemical Properties
Authors: Shimizu Soji , Cho Won‐Seob , Sessler Jonathan L. , Shinokubo Hiroshi , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: February 2008

Abstractmeso‐Aryl substituted rubyrin ([26]hexaphyrin(1.1.0.1.1.0)) 2 and a series of rubyrin‐type large expanded porphyrins were obtained from a facile one‐pot oxidative coupling reaction of meso‐pentafluorophenyl substituted tripyrrane 1. The structures of two of the resulting products were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Whereas [52]dodecaphyrin(1.1.0.1.1.0.1.1.0.1.1.0) 4 takes a symmetric helical conformation, the larger species, [62]pentadecaphyrin(1.1.0.1.1.0.1.1.0.1.1.0.1.1.0) 5, adopts a nonsymmetric distorted conformation in the solid state that contains an intramolecular helical structure. The ability of rubyrin 2 to act as an anion receptor in its diprotonated form (2⋅2H+) was demonstrated in methanolic solutions. Oxidation of 2 with MnO2 gave [24]rubyrin 6, a species that displays antiaromatic characteristics. [26]Rubyrin 2 and [24]rubyrin 6 both underwent metallation when reacted with Zn(OAc)2 to give the corresponding bis‐zinc(II) complexes 7 and 8 quantitatively without engendering a change in the oxidation state of the ligands. As a result, complexes 7 and 8 exhibit aromatic and antiaromatic character, respectively. NICS calculation on these compounds also supported aromaticity of 2 and 7, and antiaromaticity of 6 and 8.
Auslegungsunterlagen für Bioreaktoren zur Maßstabsvergößerung eines microcarrierbasierenden Virusproduktionsprozesses
Authors: Pohlscheidt M. , Bödeker B. G. D. , Langer U. , Apeler H. , Hörlein H.–D. , Rübsamen‐Waigmann H. , Reichl U. , Henzler H.‐J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAuf Grund der spezifischen Eigenschaften tierischer Zellen kommt der Auslegung von Bioreaktoren und der Maßstabsvergrößerung in der Zellkulturtechnik zur Gewährleistung gleicher Produktqualität und ‐quantität vom Labor‐ bis in den Produktionsmaßstab eine besondere Rolle zu. Der Bioreaktor muss unter anderem die drei verfahrenstechnischen Grundaufgaben Suspendieren, Homogenisieren und Stofftransport gasförmig/flüssig gewährleisten, ohne dabei eine zu hohe Beanspruchung der Zellen zu verursachen. Um eine Aussage über die Skalierbarkeit des Herstellprozesses vom Labormaßstab in den Pilot‐ und Produktionsmaßstab treffen zu können, ist eine fundierte Strategie zur Maßstabsvergrößerung notwendig. Dazu müssen verfahrenstechnische Kennzahlen experimentell bestimmt werden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit sollte ein biphasischer Batchprozess zur Herstellung von Parapoxvirus ovis mit einer adhärenten Bovine Kidney Zelle zunächst aus dem Labor‐ in den Pilotmaßstab skaliert und anschließend eine Aussage zur Realisierbarkeit der Maßstabsvergrößerung in den prognostizierten Produktionsmaßstab von 200 L getroffen werden. Dazu erfolgte die Charakterisierung verschiedener Reaktoren bezüglich Suspendierung, Homogenisierung, Stofftransport und Scherbeanspruchung. Auf Basis dieser Ergebnisse wurden die Reaktoren im Pilot‐ und späteren Produktionsmaßstab ausgelegt und ebenfalls charakterisiert. Der Erfolg der Maßstabsvergrößerung wurde durch vergleichende Fermentationen zwischen Labor‐ und Pilotmaßstab evaluiert.
Connections of cat auditory cortex: I. Thalamocortical system
Authors: Lee Charles C. , Winer Jeffery A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDespite the functional importance of the medial geniculate body (MGB) in normal hearing, many aspects of its projections to auditory cortex are unknown. We analyzed the MGB projections to 13 auditory areas in the cat using two retrograde tracers to investigate thalamocortical nuclear origins, topography, convergence, and divergence. MGB divisions and auditory cortex areas were defined independently of the connectional results using architectonic, histochemical, and immunocytochemical criteria. Each auditory cortex area received a unique pattern of input from several MGB nuclei, and these patterns of input identify four groups of cortical areas distinguished by their putative functional affiliations: tonotopic, nontonotopic, multisensory, and limbic. Each family of areas received projections from a functionally related set of MGB nuclei; some nuclei project to only a few areas (e.g., the MGB ventral division to tonotopic areas), and others project to all areas (e.g., the medial division input to every auditory cortical area and to other regions). Projections to tonotopic areas had fewer nuclear origins than those to multisensory or limbic‐affiliated fields. All projections were organized topographically, even those from nontonotopic nuclei. The few divergent neurons (mean: 2%) are consistent with a model of multiple segregated streams ascending to auditory cortex. The expanded cortical representation of MGB auditory, multisensory, and limbic affiliated streams appears to be a primary facet of forebrain auditory function. The emergence of several auditory cortex representations of characteristic frequency may be a functional multiplication of the more limited maps in the MGB. This expansion suggests emergent cortical roles consistent with the divergence of thalamocortical connections. J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1879–1900, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.