bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PYROLYSIS‐GAS‐LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF CHLOROPHYCEAN AND RHODOPHYCEAN ALGAE1
Authors: Nichols H. Wayne , Anderson Daryl J. , Shaw Jay I. , Sommerfeld Milton R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Eight chlorococcalean algae and 5 rhodophycean algae have been grown in axenic cultures. These organisms have been “fingerprinted” using a pyrolysis‐gas‐liquid chromatographic analysis. Each alga has a distinctive pyrogram which characterizes it both quantitatively and qualitatively. The pyrograms are given and the significance for possible future uses of this technique in developmental, evolutionary, and systematic studies with algae is discussed.
AXILOSPHAERA AND HETEROTETRACYSTIS, NEW CHLOROSPHAERACEAN GENERA FROM TENNESSEE SOIL12
Authors: Cox Edmond R. , Deason Temd R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Two new chlorosphaeracean genera were isolated into axenic culture from soil collected in cedar glades in Cedars of Lebanon State Forest, Wilson County, Tennessee. The distinguishing characteristics of the new monotypic genus Axilosphaera include an axile (asymmetric) ckloroplast with at least 1 pyrenoid and Chlamydomonas‐type (walled) zoospores. A. vegetata is the type species. Reproduction is by dissociation of daughter cells following vegetative cell division, by zoospores, and by aplanospores. The new polytypic genus Heterotetracystis, comprising 3 species, H. akinetos, H. macrogranulosa, and H. intermedia, is characterized by a parietal chloroplast with at least 1 pyrenoid and walled zoospores with flagella of unequal length. Reproduction is by dissociation of daughter cells following vegetative cell division and by zoospores. H. akinetos is designated as the type species.
A CLASSROOM DEMONSTRATION OF ZOOSPORE PRODUCTION IN THE GREEN ALGA SCHIZOMERIS LEIBLEINII KUETZ.12
Authors: McBride Gordon E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Using the parenchymatous ulotrichalean green alga Schizomeris leibleinii, a dependable technique for the classroom demonstration of zoospore production is described. The onset of zoospore release can be predicted accurately by controlling light, temperature, and medium. Large numbers of zoospores are released.
PREPARATION OF METABOLICALLY ACTIVE PROTOPLASTS OF BLUE‐GREEN ALGAE1
Authors: Vance B. Dwain , Ward H. Bailey 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Protoplasts that remained metabolically active for several days were obtained by treating cells of Microcystis aeruginosa, Anacystis nidulans, and Anabaena flos‐aquae with lysozyme. Photosynthetic and respiratory rates were near those of control cells. Lysozymeresistant cells were isolated which may be genetic mutants.
REPRODUCTION IN ZONARIA FARLOWII II. CYTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE1
Authors: Liddle Larry Brook , Neushul Michael 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY The development of spores and eggs of Zonaria farlowii was studied with light and electron microscopy. Oogonia require a lunar month to develop and are produced in periodic crops. The sporangia, on the other hand, are longer in developing and on a particular plant do not become mature all at the same time. Differences in size, content, and products of sporangia and oogonia have been found. One of the quantifiable differences is in the amount of osmiophilic substance, presumably oil, present in the 2 cells. This substance is more abundant in the sporangium, a cell which produces 8 reproductive spores. These differences are particularly interesting since the embryology of sporic and zygotic germlings has been found to be identical, while ontogeny of spores and eggs differs. The findings of this study are discussed in view of possible relationships between microstrtrclitral features of spores and fertilized eggs and their subsequent development.
THE LIFE HISTORIES OF RHODOCHORTON PURPUREUM AND R. TENUE IN CULTURE
Authors: West John A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY The life histories of the red algae Rhodochorton purpureum and R. tenue were studied in unialgal culture. Telrasporophytes produced sporangia in short day regimes (8–12 hr) with 50–200 ft‐c cool white light at 10 or 15 C. Mature gametophytes were not observed in the Washington and Alaska clones of R. purpureum. Tetraspores from R. tenue and the California clones of R. purpureum give rise to unisexual gametophytes that are reproductive when smaller than the tetrasporophytes. The tetrasporophytes develop directly from the gonimoblast cells. Because of similarities in morphology and life histories, it is proposed that R. tenue be placed in synonomy with R. purpureum.
THE CONCHOCELIS PHASE OF THREE SPECIES OF PORPHYRA IN CULTURE
Authors: Krishnamurthy V. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY The Conchocelis phases of Porphyra perforata f. patens, P. cuneiformis and P. nereocystis were cultured from spores in a sterile artificial medium at 12 C and with 25 ft‐c illumination for 10 hr daily. The cultures showed differences in duration of the vegetative phase, sporulation, liberation of spores, and the return to the leafy phase. Morphological differences were also noticed. Since the 3 species were grown under identical conditions, it is inferred that these characteristics are probably different for the 3 species studied.
CULTURE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF A BACTERIZED CLADOPHORA GLOMERATA (L.) KUTZ FROM LAKE MICHIGAN
Authors: Zuraw Edward A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY A defined medium was developed for a bacterized Gladophora glomerata from Lake Michigan yielding 0.8 g dry weight/m2/20 days and a doubling time of 1.2 days. Best growth was at 25 C under continuous aeration and 200–500 ft‐c light. Aeration with 2% CO2, with or without THIS buffer, inhibited growth. Calcium nitrate, urea, and NaNO3 were all utilized as nitrogen sources; however, more NO3 nitrogen was required than urea or Ca nitrate N for maximum yields. Germination of zoospores through zoosporangial walls was observed.
EVIDENCE FOR A CRYPTOMONAD SYMBIONT IN THE CILIATE, CYCLOTRICHIUM MEUNIERI1
Authors: Barber Richard T. , White Alan W. , Siegelman H. W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Extracts of the marine ciliate Cyclotrichium meunieri contained chlorophylls a and c, carotenoids, and a phycoerythrin with a single absorbance maximum at 542 nm. This assemblage of pigments suggests that the numerous photosynthetic symbionts present in each ciliate cell belong to the Cryptophyceae.
STUDIES ON THE ALGAL CUTICLE1
Authors: Hanic L. A. , Craigie J. S. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY A chemically resistant cuticle fraction was isolated from 5 phaeophycean, 1 rhodophycean, and 11 chlorophycean marine algae using acid treatment alone, or acid treatment followed by leaching in cupra‐ammonium. In Cladophora rupestris and Chaetomorpha melagonium this fraction consists of several alternate microfibrillar and amorphous layers similar in appearance to those seen in innermost carbohydrate‐rich regions and amount to about 1/10 or more of the cell wall thickness. In Porphyra umbilicalis and Padina vickersiae it is a single layer less than I μ thick, accounting for 1/50–1/100 of the cell wall in Porphyra, and 1/5–1/10 of the cell wall in Padina. The cuticle fractions of all 4 algae contain surprisingly large amounts of protein (about 70% in Cladophora and 80% in Porphyra). Similarities in the behavior of cuticles obtained from the other 12 species studied suggest that they may have a similar protein‐rich composition.
DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES ON THE COENOCYTIC ALGA, CAULERPA SERTULARIOIDES
Authors: Mishra Arun K. , Kefford Noel P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Thallus growth and development in the coenocyti alga Caulerpa sertularioides (Gmelin) Howe have been studied quantitatively. In unsupplemented seawater at 26 C and in a 12:12 hr light/dark cycle, new rhizomes formed near the old growing points on thalli transplanted from the ocean. Adjacent to the apices of new rhizomes, rhizoids were produced downward, regularly spaced and at a rate of about 1.5/day. Upright. shoots developed irregularly in acropetal succession behind the tips of either the parent or the new rhizomes, which arose as branches of the old. Rates of rhizome, rhizoid, and upright shoot elongation were 0.4, 0.81, and 0.54 cm/day, respectively. Thalli survived up to 2 months in unsupplemented seawater. Long‐term growth was obtained by varying culture conditions. A substratum of sand, apparently rich in microorganisms, produced long‐term thallus growth in seawater, and the form of development changed so that upright shoot formation was promoted and rhizome elongation halved. Similar effects were elicited by indole‐3‐acetic acid, 5 × 10‐5, M in seawater and by sap expressed from C. racemosa or C. sertularioides and added to seawater at 2.5–10% by volume. The regulation of development in an algal coenocyte is discussed and analogies with regulation in multicellular plants are drawn.
PATTERNS OF GENICULAR DEVELOPMENT IN AMPHIROA (CORALLINACEAE)
Authors: Johansen H. William 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Two types of genicular development (designated Types I and II) are present in South African species of Amphiroa. Genicula of both types originate when medullary tissue near branch endings softens by decalcification. In Type I decalcification does not progress to the branch surface and the joint therefore does not become flexible until the cortex, which remains calcified, cracks and partly sloughs. This type occurs in all species of Amphiroa in South Africa except one, and possibly occurs in those in the rest of the world as well. In Type II decalcification continues centrifugally to the surface of the branch; this results in a geniculum comprising medullary and cortical tissue. As far as is known this type occurs only in Amphiroa ephedraea. Type I appears to be more primitive than Type II.
INFLUENCE OF METHOD FOR REMOVAL OF SESTON ON THE DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER. II. COBALAMINS
Authors: Parker Bruce C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Comparisons of the 3 previously used methods (continuous flow centrifugation, Millipore®filtration, and biodialysis) for making water samples seston‐free before analysis for cobalamins point to several likely sources of error: (a) unpredictable occlusion of pores in Millipore®membranes during filtration; (b) irreversible adsorption of cobalamins by Millipore®membranes; (c) probable cell injury and leakage by centrifugation. Some water samples gave good agreement on soluble vitamin B12 by all 3 methods, while other samples had appreciable discrepancies. The validity of total vs. sestonic cobalamin determinations therefore is questioned. One lake had time‐dependent fluctuation in soluble cobalamin.
RESPONSES OF GYMNODINIUM BREVE DAVIS TO NATURAL WATERS OF DIVERSE ORIGIN1
Authors: Collier Albert , Wilson W. B. , Borkowski Marilynn 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY The effect on the growth of Gymnosdinium breve of river waters and seawater samples collected in different seasons and locations was investigated with and without differential enrichments. Growth in natural seawater was most clearly enhanced by addition of EDTA‐Fe, sulfide, N and P. The seasonal variation in growth‐promoting properties of seawater and river water dominates variations due to differences in location.
NOTES ON THE ECOLOGY OF A SPECIES OF ZYGOGONIUM (KÜTZ.) IN YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK
Authors: Lynn R. , Brock T. D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY A species of Zygogonium forms extensive dark purple mats in Yellowstone National Park in acidic habitats adjacent to thermal areas. These mats range up to 6 cm in thickness and up to 3000 m2 in areal extent. Temperatures in the mats varied from 20–31 C and pH varied from 2.4–3.1. These mats form on soil in areas where a moist surface is created by the presence of small acidic springs or seeps. The effect of light, temperature, and pH on photosynthesis was studied in the field by use of 14CO2. Photosynthesis increased in rate up to full sunlight; light inhibition was not observed. Temperature optimum for photo‐synthesis was 25 C. A broad pH optimum was found between 1.0 and 5.0. The Zygogonium mats have a high water holding capacity and create a moist habitat in which Euglena and Chlamydomonas develop. The mats also serve as repositories for the eggs of the brine fly Ephydra bruesi and both larvae and adults of this fly probably consume Zygogonium filaments as their main food source.
ACCUMULATION OF 203HG BY THE MARINE DIATOM CHAETOCEROS COSTATUM
Authors: Glooschenko Walter A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Dividing and nondividing cell populations of Chaetoceros costatum Pavillard were placed in light; nondividing populations were also placed in the dark, and one population was killed by formalin. No difference in203Hg uptake was seen in nondividing cells in the light and dark, while cells accumulated about 2 times as much203Hg as living cells, presumably by surface adsorption. Dividing cells in light accumulated203Hg longer than did nondividing cells, indicating the possibility of some active uptake of Hg.
CELL DIVISION INSPIROGYRA. I. MITOSIS
Authors: Fowke L. C. , Pickett‐Heaps J. D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYDividing cells of Spirogyra sp. were examined with both the light and electron microscopes. By preprophase many of the typical transverse wall micro‐tubules disappeared while others were seen in the thickened cytoplasmic strands. Microtubules appeared in the polar cytoplasm at prophase and by prometaphase they penetrated the nucleus. They were attached to chromosomes at metaphase and early anaphase, and formed a sheath surrounding the spindle during anaphase; they were seen in the interzonal strands and cytoplasmic strands at telophase. The interphase nucleolus, containing 2 distinct zones and chromatinlike material, fragmented at prophase; at metaphase and anaphase nucleolar material coated the chromosomes, obscuring them by late anaphase. The chromosomes condensed in the nucleoplasm at prophase, moving into the nucleolus at prometaphase. The nuclear envelope was finally disrupted at anaphase during spindle elongation; at telophase membrane profiles coated the reforming nuclei. During anaphase and early telophase the interzonal region contained vacuoles, a few micro‐tubules, and sometimes eliminated n ucleolar material; most small organelles, including swollen endoplasmic reticulum and tubular membranes, were concentrated in the polar cytoplasm. Quantitative and qualitative cytological observations strongly suggest movement of intact wall rnicrotubules to the spindle at preprophase and then back again at telophase.
THE LIFE HISTORY OF CALLITHAMNION BYSSOIDES IN CULTURE
Authors: Edwards Peter 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY The life history of Callithamnion byssoides Arnott ex Harv. in Hook. has been shown to comprise a regular sequence of gametophytic, carposporophytic, and tetrasporophytic phases in unialgal culture using supplemented seawater media. Tetraspore germlings gave rise to gametophytes bearing either antheridia or carpogonia in 13 days. Fertilization, carposporophyte development, and carpospore release took place within 5 days. Carpospore germlings produced mature tetrasporophytes in 13 days. The life history thus required approximately 1 month for completion. No deviations from this pattern were observed.
ALGAL GROWTH OVER THE EPIDERMIS OF SEA URCHIN SPINES
Authors: Lawrence J. M. , Dawes C. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYFosliella farinosa (Lamouroux) Howe, a coralline red alga, was found growing over the epidermis of the spines of the sea urchin, Heterocentrotus trigonarius (Lamarck). This is apparently the first report of the ability of an alga to overcome the resistance to invesion of the external epidermis of a sea urchin.
CAROTENOIDS OF SIPHONOUS GREEN ALGAE: A CHEMOTAXONOMICAL STUDY
Authors: Kleinig Hans 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY The carotenoid pigments of 50 species of 9 siphonean orders were investigated. The algae of all orders contain the principal carotenoids known from other green algae: α‐ and β‐carotene, lutein, lutein epoxide, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin. Additionally, in some Siphonodadales siphonaxanthin is present, in the Derbesiales, Codiales, and Caulerpales both siphonaxanthin and its ester siphonein are present, whereas in the Dichotomosiphonales only the ester siphonein can be found. The chemotaxonomical value of siphonaxanthin and siphonein is discussed.
SOME FACTORS IN THE COMPETITION OR ANTAGONISM AMONG BACTERIA, ALGAE, AND AQUATIC WEEDS
Authors: Filzgerald George P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Field observations of changes in the populations of aquatic weeds and phytoplankton have confirmed that aquatic weeds have antagonistic activity toward phytoplankton. Nutritional studies in the laboratory indicate that cultures of the aquatic weeds, Myriophyllum sp., Ceratophyllum sp., and duckweed (Lemma minor L.); liquid cultures of barley (Hordeum vulgare L., Dickson variety); and cultures of the filamentous green algae, Cladophora sp. and Pithophora oedogonium (Mont.) Withrock, will remain relatively free of epiphytes or competing phytoplankton if the cultures are nitrogen‐limited. Field observations of Cladophora sp. have confirmed that the growth of epiphytes on the Cladophora is related to conditions of surplus available nitrogen compounds. It is proposed that this antagonistic activity may be due to a “nitrogen sink” effect in which the aquatic weeds or filamentous green algae prevent the growth of contaminating algae by competition for the limited nitrogen compounds available. However, the presence of bacteria‐sized organisms which have selective toxicity to certain algae indicates that perhaps multiple factors exist. Discussed are the ecological implications of associations of certain algae with bacteria that have selective toxicities for other species of algae under certain environmental conditions such as nitrogen‐limited growth.
Influence of Subject Eligibility Criteria on Compliance With National Institutes of Health Guidelines for Inclusion of Women, Minorities, and Children in Treatment Research
Authors: Humphreys Keith , Weingardt Kenneth R. , Harris Alex H. S. 
Published: April 2007

Background: Many alcohol treatment outcome studies exclude some patients with particular problems, such as psychiatric disorders, noncompliance, and homelessness. Such criteria may increase the likelihood of a study being successfully conducted, but may also have the unintended consequence of reducing a study's ability to comply with National Institutes of Health guidelines for inclusion of racial minorities, women, and children in treatment research.Methods and Results: This paper examined this issue empirically using 5 prior studies of treatment systems enrolling over 100,000 alcohol patients. Widely used eligibility criteria in the alcohol treatment field typically exclude between one‐fifth to one‐third of patients from enrolling in research. Under several eligibility criteria, most notably those for drug use and social/residential instability, women and African‐American patients are substantially more likely to be excluded than are men and non–African‐American patients, respectively.Conclusions: In designing treatment studies with many eligibility criteria, researchers may therefore inadvertently be thwarting their own good faith efforts to ensure that a range of vulnerable populations are able to participate in research. We analyze the implications of this dilemma for the generalizability of treatment results and for research design, and provide data that may help researchers working in different treatment systems estimate the impact of various eligibility criteria.
Role of Myocardial Contractility and Autonomic Control in the Hypotensive Response to a Limited Access Ethanol Paradigm in SHRs
Authors: El‐Mas Mahmoud M. , Abdel‐Rahman Abdel A. 
Published: April 2007

Background:Previous experimental studies that evaluated the chronic hemodynamic effect of ethanol employed the continuous exposure protocol of ethanol, which does not mimic the pattern of alcohol consumption in humans. This study dealt with the long‐term hemodynamic and cardiovascular autonomic effects of ethanol, in a limited‐access regimen in telemetered spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).Methods:Changes in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), myocardial contractility (dP/dtmax), and spectral cardiovascular autonomic profiles during the ethanol exposure period (2.5 or 5% w/v, 8 h/d, 8:30amtill 4:30pm) were followed for 12 weeks.Results:Compared with control pair‐fed SHRs, body weight and urine output, osmolality, and potassium levels were decreased in SHRs receiving 5% but not 2.5% ethanol. Blood pressure showed progressive falls during ethanol‐feeding periods with a maximum effect observed at week 5. The peak hypotensive effect was maintained thereafter in SHRs receiving 5% ethanol in contrast to steady rises in BP in the 2.5% ethanol group to near‐control levels by the conclusion of the study. Heart rate was slightly but significantly increased by ethanol 5% whereas dP/dtmaxshowed persistent reductions. Power spectral analysis showed that ethanol attenuated the baroreflex gain of HR as suggested by the reductions in indexα, the spectral index of spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS).Conclusions:It is concluded that limited access ethanol drinking in SHRs elicited hypotension that was concentration dependent and mediated, at least partly, through reductions in myocardial contractility. Baroreflex sensitivity attenuation by ethanol appeared to have limited the tachycardic response to ethanol and perhaps its capacity to offset the evoked hypotension.
Classroom Teachers' Perceived Role in Dental Health Education
Authors: Boyer E. Marcia 
Published: April 2007

SummaryThis investigation utilized mail questionnaires to determine public school teachers' perceived adequacy to teach six dental health topics and responsibility for dental health in the classroom. The majority of public school teachers surveyed in Iowa City and surrounding communities felt adequate to teach dental health topics with two major exceptions: increasing proficiency in brushing and flossing, and understanding the processes and reasons for periodontal disease. More importantly, this study indicates that many teachers do not consider dental health activities to be responsibilities of the public school teacher.
A Resurvey of Hypertensive Patients Detected in a Dental Office Screening Program*
Authors: Abbey Louis M. , Kenner Linda H. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryIn order to ascertain the fate of hypertensive patients who were discovered through the Medical College of Virginia School of Dentistry Hypertension Screening Program, a telephone survey was conducted whereby the first 128 patients discovered to be hypertensive through the program were interviewed concerning their current state of care. All 128 patients were at least three months postreferral. Patients were asked whether or not they were still under a physician's care; those responding positively were further questioned regarding medications prescribed, medication consumption, and frequency of physician visits. In all, 109 patients were contacted. The 109 patients consisted of 18 patients treated at the hypertension clinic at Medical College of Virginia and 91 patients being treated by private physicians. Of the 18 clinic patients contacted, 17 (94 percent) were still being treated. Of the patients being treated by private physicians 62 (68.1 percent) were still being followed. Of the 109 patients contacted, 79 (72.5 percent) were still under care and 30 (27.5 percent) were no longer under care. Of the patients still under care 56 (71 percent) had been prescribed medicine and only two had discontinued medication. Forty‐one patients saw their physician more frequently than every three months; 21 saw their physician every three to four months and 17 saw their physician semiannually or annually. Of the delinquent hypertensives in this study, 72 percent were still under care at the time of survey and of the previously undetected hypertensives 73 percent were still under care. It is concluded that there is still a significant drop‐out rate among hypertensives after referral and that some void exists in the follow‐up of hypertensives. The suggestion is made that the dentist may be able to assist in follow‐up and possibly reduce the drop‐out rate.