bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of botulinum toxin type A in the prevention and treatment of facial hypertrophic scars: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Jin , Wang Xiao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA meta‐analysis was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) in the treatment of facial hypertrophic scars. Computerised searches were performed in databases, from their inception to November 2023, including Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, focusing on randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the use of BTX‐A for treating facial hypertrophic scars. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and conducted quality assessments. Stata 17.0 software was employed for data analysis. Seventeen RCTs were ultimately included, involving 1605 patients who underwent facial cosmetic surgery. The analysis revealed that compared with conventional treatments, BTX‐A significantly reduced visual analogue scale (VAS) scores (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −3.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.16 to −1.84, p < 0.001) and Vancouver scar scale (VSS) scores (SMD: −2.86, 95% CI: −4.03 to −1.68, p < 0.001), and narrowed scar width (SMD: −1.80, 95% CI: −2.48 to −1.13, p < 0.001), while also enhancing the overall effectiveness of the treatment. This study indicates that BTX‐A is an effective modality in the prophylaxis and treatment of facial hypertrophic scars, significantly alleviating scar‐related pain and preventing scar widening, and is thus worthy of broader clinical application.
Attitudes on participation in clinical drug trials: A nationally representative survey of older adults with multimorbidity
Authors: Schwartz Janice B. , Liu Ruey‐ying , Boscardin John , Liu Qi , Lau S. W. Johnny , Khatri Sadhna , Tarn Derjung 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults with multimorbidity are under‐represented in clinical drug trials. Their inclusion will not increase unless they are willing and able to participate. Data on motivators and barriers to participation in trials of new medications of older adults with multimorbidity are needed.MethodsCross‐sectional internet and telephone survey of a nationally representative sample of adults ≥65 years with ≥3 chronic conditions (NORC University of Chicago Amerispeak Panel) conducted from March–April, 2023 to determine motivators and barriers to drug trial participation, described graphically and using statistics.ResultsSurveyed 1318 (1142 Internet, 176 phone) with mean age 72.3 ± 6.3 (SD), 52% women; race: 83% White, 10% Black or African American, 5% Hispanic or Latino, 1.1% Asian; 4.4 ± 1.9 chronic conditions (of 16 queried), taking 7.5 ± 3.3 medications. Barriers included fear of side effects (48%), taking too many medications (44%), placebo (44%), mobility (33%), bathroom needs (25%), hearing (19%), eyesight (15%), video visits (33%; higher in women, Black or African‐American respondents, and those ≥80 years). Sixty‐five percent would join all in‐person trials, 49% would join all‐video trials. Travel >1 h was difficult for 66%, most difficult for women. Trust was a concern in 25% of Black respondents. Caregiving responsibilities or lack of time were not obstacles. Participants were most likely to consider a drug trial for a problem they have (63%) versus prevention (44%) and if invited by a physician (80%) or University healthcare system (58%). Getting better care was ranked very important (79%) followed by helping others (57%).ConclusionsMajor concerns of older patients with multimorbidity about participation in drug trials are potential side effects, taking too many medicines, and video visits. Physicians have the greatest influence on decisions and in‐person visits are preferred. Proposed changes in trial design to increase enrollment of under‐represented older adults may not align with patient‐reported preferences.
Actigraphic sleep patterns are associated with bone turnover and bone mineral density among university students
Authors: Petrov Megan E. , Liu Li , Mudappathi Rekha , Whisner Corrie M. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryPoorer sleep is associated with poorer bone health among older adults but the role of sleep in bone health during younger adulthood is understudied. In this observational study, the averages and variability in total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and sleep midpoint of university students were examined in relation to levels of bone turnover markers (BTMs) and bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and femur. A sample of healthy, university students (N = 59, aged 18–25 years, 51.8% female, body mass index <30 kg/m2), wore a wrist actigraph for 7 days, completed a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan, and underwent blood sampling to assess serum BTM concentrations of osteocalcin (OC) and N‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen. A sub‐sample (n = 14) completed a one‐year follow‐up. Multiple regression models examined the associations between each sleep metric and bone health outcome at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up. At baseline, greater variability in sleep midpoint was cross‐sectionally associated with greater OC (β = 0.21, p = 0.042). In the exploratory, follow‐up sub‐sample, lower average TST (β = −0.66, p = 0.013) and SE (β = −0.68, p = 0.01) at baseline were associated with greater increases in OC at follow‐up. Greater delays in mean sleep midpoint over follow‐up were significantly associated with decreases in lumbar spine BMD (β = −0.49, p = 0.03). In a sample of young adults, variable sleep schedules were associated with greater bone turnover suggesting the potential importance of regular sleep for optimising bone health into early adulthood.
Three‐dimensional Mapping Analysis of Talus Fractures and Demonstration of Different Surgical Approaches for Talus Fractures
Authors: Wang Ruihan , You Guixuan , Yin Shiqin , Jiang Songtao , Wang Hai , Shi Houyin , Zhang Lei 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveThe talus is an important component in the ankle, and its treatment after injury is crucial. However, complications and adverse events due to incomplete traditional classifications may still occur, and these classifications fail to analyze the patterns and distribution of fractures from a three‐dimensional perspective. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to analyze the location and distribution of fracture lines in different types of talus fractures using three‐dimensional (3D) and heat mapping techniques. Additionally, we aimed to determine the surface area of the talus that can be utilized for different approaches of internal fixation, aiding in the planning of surgical procedures.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from CT scans from 126 patients diagnosed with talus fractures at our two hospitals. We extracted the CT data of a healthy adult and created a standard talus model. We performed 3D reconstruction using patients' CT images and superimposed the fracture model onto the standard model for drawing fracture lines. Subsequently, we converted the fracture lines into a heat map for visualization. Additionally, we measured 20 specimens to determine the boundary for various ligaments attached to the talus. We determined the surface area of the talus available for different surgical approaches by integrating the boundary data with previously reported data on area of exposure.ResultsWithout considering the displacement distance of the fracture, fracture types were classified as follows, by combining Hawkins and Sneppen classifications: talar neck, 41.3%; posterior talar tubercle, 22.2%; body for the talus and comminuted, 17.5%; lateral talar tubercle, 11.9%; and talar head, 7.1%. We established fracture line and heat maps using this classification. Additionally, we demonstrated the available area for anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial, posterolateral, and medial malleolus osteotomy and Chaput osteotomy approaches.ConclusionFracture line and heat map analyses can aid surgeons in planning a single or combined surgical approach for the reduction and internal fixation of talus fractures. Demonstrating the different surgical approaches can help surgeons choose the most effective technique for individual cases.
Characterisation and validation of lactation information from structured electronic health records for use in pharmacoepidemiological studies
Authors: Mohamed Hibo H. , Ehresmann Kirsten , Seburg Elisabeth M. , Vazquez‐Benitez Gabriela , Demerath Ellen W. , Fields David A. , Vesco Kimberly K. , Kharbanda Elyse O. , Palmsten Kristin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundBreastfeeding information stored within electronic health records (EHR) has recently been used for pharmacoepidemiological research, however the data are primarily collected for clinical care.ObjectivesTo characterise breastfeeding information recorded in structured fields in EHR during infant and postpartum health care visits, and to assess the validity of lactation status based on EHR data versus maternal report at research study visits.MethodsWe assessed breastfeeding information recorded in structured fields in EHR from one health system for a subset of 211 patients who were also enrolled in a study on breast milk composition between 2014 and 2017 that required participants to exclusively breastfeed their infants until at least 1 month of age. We assessed the frequency of breastfeeding information in EHR during the first 12 months of age and compared lactation status based on EHR with maternal report at 1 and 6‐month study visits (reference standard).ResultsThe median number of breastfeeding records in the EHR per infant was six (interquartile range 3) with most observations clustering in the first few weeks of life and around well‐infant visits. At the 6‐month study visit, 93.8% of participants were breastfeeding and 80.1% were exclusively breastfeeding according to maternal report. Sensitivity of EHR data for identifying ever breastfeeding was at or near 100%, and sensitivity for identifying ever exclusive breastfeeding was 98.0% (95% CI: 95.0%, 99.2%). Sensitivities were 97.3% (95% CI: 93.9%, 98.9%) for identifying any breastfeeding and 94.4% (95% CI: 89.7%, 97.0%) for exclusive breastfeeding, and positive predictive values were 99.5% (95% CI: 97.0%, 99.9%) for any breastfeeding and 95.0% (95% CI: 90.4%, 97.4%) for exclusive breastfeeding.ConclusionsBreastfeeding information in structured EHR fields have the potential to accurately classify lactation status. The validity of these data should be assessed in populations with a lower breastfeeding prevalence.
Rhizome fragment weight and density of competing shoots determine belowground regrowth of Elymus repens
Authors: Skorupinski Solèmne , Colbach Nathalie , Busset Hugues , Matejicek Annick , Moreau Delphine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractManagement of perennial weeds has become increasingly complex with the reduction of herbicide use and tillage. Their capacity to store nutrients into vegetative organs and to regenerate to establish new individuals makes them very persistent and hard to control. A key aspect for managing perennial weeds is to minimise storage reserves to reduce vegetative regeneration. For that prospect, better knowledge of the regrowth capacities from storage organs is needed. Our work focused on the mechanistic understanding of belowground regrowth dynamics from fragments of Elymus repens rhizomes by analysing the effect of source and sink factors. The effect of rhizome fragment weight (i.e., source) and the number of regrowing buds and belowground shoots (i.e., sinks) was assessed for four mechanisms: sprouting, belowground shoot elongation, belowground shoot biomass to length conversion and biomass allocation to belowground shoots versus roots. Heavier fragments contributed to faster sprouting, faster belowground shoot elongation and increased the proportion of remobilised biomass allocated to belowground shoots. Higher belowground shoot density increased the proportion of remobilised biomass allocated to belowground shoots but decreased individual elongation rate. In other words, larger reserves resulted in a better regeneration capacity and a higher number of growing belowground shoots increased the competition for reserves among them. The belowground shoot that sprouted first on a fragment grew faster and dominated the other shoots on the same fragment. Dominant belowground shoots were located toward the apical end of the fragment. These findings support the fact that tillage should aim at cutting storage organs into the smallest fragments possible to reduce regeneration capacity. This study also emphasised that belowground regrowth mechanisms are complex, and further studies should investigate other species with different types of storage organs.
Promising aryl selenoate derivatives as antileishmanial agents and their effects on gene expression
Authors: Fernández-Rubio Celia , Rubio-Hernández Mercedes , Alcolea Verónica , Burguete-Mikeo Aroia , Nguewa Paul A. , Pérez-Silanes Silvia 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Leishmaniasis remains one of the main public health problems worldwide, with special incidence in the poorest populations. Selenium and its derivatives can be potent therapeutic options against protozoan parasites. In this work, 17 aryl selenoates were synthesized and screened against three species of
Leishmania
(
Leishmania major
,
Leishmania amazonensis
, and
Leishmania infantum
). Initial screening in promastigotes showed
L. infantum
species was more sensitive to selenoderivatives than the others. The lead Se-(2-selenocyanatoethyl) thiophene-2-carboselenoate (
16
) showed a half-maximal effective concentration of 3.07 µM and a selectivity index > 32.57 against
L. infantum
promastigotes. It was also the most effective of all 17 compounds, decreasing the infection ratio by 90% in
L. infantum
-infected macrophages with amastigotes at 10 µM. This aryl selenoate did not produce a hemolytic effect on human red blood cells at the studied doses (10–100 µM). Furthermore, the gene expression of infected murine macrophages related to cell death, the cell cycle, and the selenoprotein synthesis pathway in amastigotes was altered, while no changes were observed in their murine homologs, supporting the specificity of Compound
16
against the parasite. Therefore, this work reveals the possible benefits of selenoate derivatives for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
Combining CRISPR/Cas9 and natural excision for the precise and complete removal of mobile genetic elements in bacteria
Authors: Wang Pengxia , Du Xiaofei , Zhao Yi , Wang Weiquan , Cai Tongxuan , Tang Kaihao , Wang Xiaoxue 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Horizontal gene transfer, facilitated by mobile genetic elements (MGEs), is an adaptive evolutionary process that contributes to the evolution of bacterial populations and infectious diseases. A variety of MGEs not only can integrate into the bacterial genome but also can survive or even replicate like plasmids in the cytoplasm, thus requiring precise and complete removal for studying their strategies in benefiting host cells. Existing methods for MGE removal, such as homologous recombination-based deletion and excisionase-based methods, have limitations in effectively eliminating certain MGEs. To overcome these limitations, we developed the Cas9-NE method, which combines the CRISPR/
Cas9
system with the
n
atural
e
xcision of MGEs. In this approach, a specialized single guide RNA (sgRNA) element is designed with a 20-nucleotide region that pairs with the MGE sequence. This sgRNA is expressed from a plasmid that also carries the Cas9 gene. By utilizing the Cas9-NE method, both the integrative and circular forms of MGEs can be precisely and completely eliminated through Cas9 cleavage, generating MGE-removed cells. We have successfully applied the Cas9-NE method to remove four representative MGEs, including plasmids, prophages, and genomic islands, from
Vibrio
strains. This new approach not only enables various investigations on MGEs but also has significant implications for the rapid generation of strains for commercial purposes.

IMPORTANCE
Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are of utmost importance for bacterial adaptation and pathogenicity, existing in various forms and multiple copies within bacterial cells. Integrated MGEs play dual roles in bacterial hosts, enhancing the fitness of the host by delivering cargo genes and potentially modifying the bacterial genome through the integration/excision process. This process can lead to alterations in promoters or coding sequences or even gene disruptions at integration sites, influencing the physiological functions of host bacteria. Here, we developed a new approach called Cas9-NE, allowing them to maintain the natural sequence changes associated with MGE excision. Cas9-NE allows the one-step removal of integrated and circular MGEs, addressing the challenge of eliminating various MGE forms efficiently. This approach simplifies MGE elimination in bacteria, expediting research on MGEs.
The Low soft-photon theorem again
Authors: Fadin V. S. , Khoze V. A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt is shown that contrary to claims of Lebiedowicz et al. (Phys Rev D 105(1):014022, 2022) the formulated in the proper physical variables Low theorem (Low in Phys Rev 110(4):974–977, 1958) for soft photon emission does not require any modification. We also reject the criticism in Lebiedowicz et al. (2022) of the papers (Burnett and Kroll in Phys. Rev. Lett. 20:86–88,1968; Lipatov in Nucl Phys B 307:705–720, 1988). At the same time, we identify some inaccuracies in Burnett and Kroll (1968) in the presentation of the soft-photon theorem for the case of spin-one-half particles. We also point out shortcomings in consideration of the Low theorem in the classic textbooks (Berestetskii et al. in Quantum electrodynamics. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1982; Lifshitz and Pitaevsky in Relativistic quantum theory, part 2, Fizmatlit, 2002).
On the Darcy–Forchheimer flow of carbon nanotubes nanofluid across a stretching surface for the impact of heat source/sink and Ohmic heating
Authors: Tripathy R. S. , Ratha P. K. , Mishra S. R. 
Published: March 2024

This research leads to carrying out the productivity and the efficiency of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that have extensive applications in solar collectors. Due to the superior thermal as well as electrical properties, the use of CNTs has an important contribution to the nanotechnology revolution. Therefore, owing to the aforementioned vital points, this investigation intended to put forth the thermophysical properties of both single and multi-walled CNT nanofluids past a stretching surface. Additionally, an electrically conducting nanofluid flow phenomenon enriches due to the inclusion of dissipation (Ohmic heating) and external heat source/sink. The dimensional form of the three-dimensional fluid flow phenomena is transformed to a non-dimensional form with the use of similarity transformation and further numerical procedure is implemented to solve the nonlinear governing equations. The substantial significance of the characterizing parameters is presented briefly via figures and the comparative analysis with the earlier investigation is deployed through the table. However, the main findings of this study are as follows: A significant attenuation in the shear rate is marked for the enhanced inertial drag but it augments for the augmented values of the magnetization; further, particle concentrations of both the CNTs favor accelerating the fluid momentum as well as temperature distribution.
NCI Cancer Research Data Commons: Core Standards and Services
Authors: Brady Arthur , Charbonneau Amanda , Grossman Robert L. , Creasy Heather H. , Renner Robinette , Pihl Todd , Otridge John , Kim Erika ,   the CRDC Program, Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S. , Kerlavage Anthony R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The NCI Cancer Research Data Commons (CRDC) is a collection of data commons, analysis platforms, and tools that make existing cancer data more findable and accessible by the cancer research community. In practice, the two biggest hurdles to finding and using data for discovery are the wide variety of models and ontologies used to describe data, and the dispersed storage of that data. Here, we outline core CRDC services to aggregate descriptive information from multiple studies for findability via a single interface and to provide a single access method that spans multiple data commons.
See related articles by Wang et al., p. 1388, Pot et al., p. 1396, and Kim et al., p. 1404
Integrative Molecular Analyses of the MD Anderson Prostate Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft (MDA PCa PDX) Series
Authors: Anselmino Nicolas , Labanca Estefania , Shepherd Peter D.A. , Dong Jiabin , Yang Jun , Song Xiaofei , Nandakumar Subhiksha , Kundra Ritika , Lee Cindy , Schultz Nikolaus , Zhang Jianhua , Araujo John C. , Aparicio Ana M. , Subudhi Sumit K. , Corn Paul G. , Pisters Louis L. , Ward John F. , Davis John W. , Vazquez Elba S. , Gueron Geraldine , Logothetis Christopher J. , Futreal Andrew , Troncoso Patricia , Chen Yu , Navone Nora M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Develop and deploy a robust discovery platform that encompasses heterogeneity, clinical annotation, and molecular characterization and overcomes the limited availability of prostate cancer models. This initiative builds on the rich MD Anderson (MDA) prostate cancer (PCa) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) resource to complement existing publicly available databases by addressing gaps in clinically annotated models reflecting the heterogeneity of potentially lethal and lethal prostate cancer.

Experimental Design:
We performed whole-genome, targeted, and RNA sequencing in representative samples of the same tumor from 44 PDXs derived from 38 patients linked to donor tumor metadata and corresponding organoids. The cohort includes models derived from different morphologic groups, disease states, and involved organ sites (including circulating tumor cells), as well as paired samples representing heterogeneity or stages before and after therapy.

Results:
The cohort recapitulates clinically reported alterations in prostate cancer genes, providing a data resource for clinical and molecular interrogation of suitable experimental models. Paired samples displayed conserved molecular alteration profiles, suggesting the relevance of other regulatory mechanisms (e.g., epigenomic) influenced by the microenvironment and/or treatment. Transcriptomically, models were grouped on the basis of morphologic classification. DNA damage response–associated mechanisms emerged as differentially regulated between adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine prostate cancer in a cross-interrogation of PDX/patient datasets.

Conclusions:
We addressed the gap in clinically relevant prostate cancer models through comprehensive molecular characterization of MDA PCa PDXs, providing a discovery platform that integrates with patient data and benchmarked to therapeutically relevant consensus clinical groupings. This unique resource supports robust hypothesis generation and testing from basic, translational, and clinical perspectives.