bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Mechanism for the Stimulating Action of Reserpine on Acid Secretion in Gastric Fistula Cats
Authors: EMÅS SVERRE 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEmås, S.On the mechanism for the stimulating action of reserpine on acid secretion in gastric fistula cats.Acta physiol. scand. 1965.64. 224–237. –A single intravenous infusion of reserpine, insufficient to reduce antral gastrin activity significantly, elicited acid secretion in nonanesthetized cats with innervated and sympathetically denervated stomachs. Atropine or vagotomy reduced the acid response by 55 to 84 per cent. In vagotomized cats atropine produced a smaller but significant reduction. It was concluded that the vagal and sympathetic nerves are not necessary for reserpine to elicit acid secretion, but that intact vagi and – to a lesser extent – the postganglionic cholinergic neurons of the vagotomized cats enhance the effect of reserpine. Reserpine treatment has previously been shown to sensitize the parietal cells to gastrin, and to cause a transient reduction in antral gastrin activity in nonvagotomized but not in vagotomized cats. In the present study, reserpine treatment reduced the secretory response to intravenous reserpine in nonvagotomized cats and abolished the response in vagotomized cats. A single intravenous infusion of reserpine elicited acid secretion in anesthetized cats after vagotomy and resection of the regions known or suspected to contain gastrin. The results suggest a secretagogue action of reserpine which is not mediated by the vagi and by gastrin.
Absence of Monoamines in Olivo‐Cochlear Fibres in Cat
Authors: FEX JÖRGEN , FUXE KJELL , LENNERSTRAND GUNNAR 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFex. J., K. Fuxe and G. Lennerstrand,Absence of monoamines in olivo‐cochlear fibres in cat. Acta physiol. scand. 1965.64. 259–262. – The olivo‐cochlear neurons in the cat have been studied with the help of the fluorescence method of Falck and Hillarp with or without crushing of their axons in the vestibulo‐cochlear anastomosis or in the pons. No monoamines were found in these neurons (cell bodies, axons, terminals), not even after axotomy. It is concluded that primary catecholamines and 5‐hydroxytryptamine in all probability do not act as transmitters in the efferent innervation of the organ of Corti.
Studies on the Elimination of Exogenous Lipids from the Blood Stream The Kinetics of the Elimination of a Fat Emulsion Studied by Single Injection Technique in Man
Authors: HALLBERG DAG 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHallberg, D. Studies on the elimination of exogenous lipids from the blood stream. The kinetics of the elimination of a fat emulsion studied by single injection technique in man. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64, 306–313. – The kinetics of the elimination of a fat emulsion (Intralipid®) from the blood stream was studied after single injections to 10 fasting individuals. Plasma triglycerides (TG) were fractionated by means of polyvinylpyrrolidone density gradients into three fractions. The emulsion TG was found in the top fraction of the gradient and endogenous plasma TG separated into two fractions which were found in the lower part of the density gradient. The kinetics of the emulsion TG fraction were composed of a zero order elimination rate at high TG concentrations and a first order elimination rate at low TG concentrations. Intra‐individual variations were only observed in the zero order part of the kinetics; the possible causes of these variations are discussed. Changes in concentration of the lipids found in the lower part of the density gradient were observed during the elimination of the emulsion TG from the circulation. The possibility that the kinetic principle for one of these fractions (middle fraction) is the same as that for the fat emulsion is discussed.
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Response to Infusions of Prostaglandin E1 and to Simultaneous Infusions of Noradrenaline and Prostaglandin E1 in Man Prostaglandin and related factors 35
Authors: BERGSTRÖM SUNE , CARLSON LARS A. , EKELUND LARS‐GÖRAN , ORÖ LARS 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBergström, S., L. A. Carlson, L. G. Ekelund and L. Orö. Cardiovascular and metabolic response to infusions of prostaglandin E1 and to simultaneous infusions of noradrenaline and prostaglandin E1 in man. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 332–339. – Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was infused at a rate of 0.1–0.2 μg/kg/min into 3 healthy, fasting male subjects for 20 min. No consistent changes in arterial pressures occurred. The heart rate increased about 20 beats/min. The concentration of free fatty acids (FFA) and of glycerol in plasma increased. A slight increase in oxygen consumption was observed. PGE1 infused simultaneously with noradrenaline to 2 healthy, fasting male subjects reduced the increase in arterial pressures seen when only noradrenaline was infused to these subjects. Furthermore, PGE1 completely inhibited the noradrenaline induced bradycardia. The increase in the concentration of FFA and glycerol in plasma caused by noradrenaline was only slightly reduced by PGE1. PGE1 had no effect on the calorigenic effect of noradrenaline.
Potassium Induced Release of Transmitter at the Human Neuromuscular Junction
Authors: ELMQVIST DAN 
Published: December 2008

AbstractElmqvist, D. Potassium induced release of transmitter at the human neuromuscular junction. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 340–344. – When the release of ACh quanta from the human intercostal motor nerve terminals, recorded as miniature end‐plate potentials (m. e. p. p. s), was enhanced by raising the potassium ion concentration, the increased rates were only sustained if release rates were limited to not more than 150 m. e. p. p. s/sec either by not using higher concentrations of KCl than 30 mM, or by reducing release with increased magnesium and lowered calcium concentrations when higher potassium ion concentrations were used. If higher rates of release were allowed to occur in the presence of 40 or 50 mM KCl, the release rates subsequently declined to very low levels. The total number of quanta released by 40 or 50 mM KCl corresponded to the amount of ACh estimated to be present in the motor nerve terminals.
Effect of Cortisone on the Hydroxyproline in the Serum and Urine of Young Rats
Authors: KIVIRIKKO KARI I. , LAITINEN OSSI 
Published: December 2008

AbstractKivirikko, K. I. and O. Laitinen. Effect of cortisone on the hydroxyproline in the serum and urine of young rats. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 356–360. –The effect of cortisone on the metabolism of collagen was studied by analysing the concentration of free hydroxyproline in the serum and the excretion of free and total hydroxyproline in the urine of 2‐ and 7‐month‐old rats. The younger rats, weighing 150 g at the beginning of the experiment, received 3 mg and the older rats, weighing 310 g at the beginning of the experiment, 6 mg of cortisone acetate daily. In the 2‐month‐old rats the concentration of free hydroxyproline in the serum and the excretion of free and total hydroxyproline in the urine decreased significantly after the administration of cortisone. By contrast, in the 7‐month‐old rats, which had considerably lower basal values than the 2‐month‐old rats, no changes or only very slight decreases were observed after the administration of cortisone. It is suggested that the decrease in the values observed after the administration of cortisone was due to a decreased content of soluble collagen fractions in the tissues. Probably the smallness of the changes in the 7‐month‐old rats was because a considerably smaller proportion of the hydroxyproline in the serum and urine of these older rats was derived from soluble collagen fractions.
The Permeability of Brain Capillaries to Non‐Electrolytes
Authors: CRONE CHRISTIAN 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCrone, C.The permeability of brain capillaries to non‐electrolytes. Acta physiol. scand. 1965.64. 407–417. – By means of the“Indicator diffusion” method blood‐brain barrier permeability characteristics were studied on dogs. The permeability coefficient of fructose, glycerol, propylene glycol, urea, thiourea, antipyrine, ethanol, propanol and butanol was calculated. If these substances are ordered according to their rate of passage from blood into brain tissue a hierarchy is found which corresponds to that which is typical of the permeability of cell membranes to non‐electrolytes. The experiments lend support to the view advanced by the late August Krogh that the permeability characteristics of the blood‐brain barrier are analogous to those of cell membranes in general. This conclusion is discussed against the background of recent findings of morphologically‐demonstrated tightness of cerebral capillaries which imply that material which diffuses from blood into brain tissue must pass the plasma membranes of the endothelial cells.
High‐Frequency Repetitive Firing of Cat Lumbosacral Motoneurones Stimulated by Long‐Lasting Injected Currents
Authors: Kernell Daniel 
Published: December 2008

AbstractKernell, D. High‐frequency repetitive firing of cat lumbosacral motoneurones stimulated by long‐lasting injected currents. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 65. 74–86. Repetitive discharges were initiated in motoneurones by steady currents injected through an intracellular micro‐electrode. At weaker currents, producing firing rates up to on the average 51 (30–84) imp/sec, the steady discharge frequency was approximately linearly related to current strength (cf. Granit, Kernell and Shortess 1963 a). Several cells were capable of setting up steady discharges only within this so‐called “primary” range. In many other cells, steady repetitive firing was obtained even with stronger currents. There were in the latter two ranges of steady firing, the primary one referring to weak and a “secondary” referring to stronger stimulating currents, each approximately fitted by a separate straight line in the graphs relating impulse frequency to current strength. The straight line wich referred to steady firing within the secondary range had a 2–6 times steeper slope than the one characterizing the primary range. Motoneurones capable of maintained firing within the secondary range could reach steady firing rates of the order of 125 (88–195) imp/sec. The maximal impulse frequency within the primary range was about the same initially in the discharge as later on. The findings are discussed also with regard to the repetitive firing of reflexly activated motoneurones.
Analysis of the Efflux Kinetics of Sodium from Small Cylinders of Rabbit Kidney Cortex
Authors: Bojesen E. , Leyssac P. P. , Nielsen B. Svejgaard 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBojesen, E., P. P. Leyssac and B. S. Nielsen. Analysis of the efflux kinetics of sodium from small cylinders of rabbit kidney cortex. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 65. 105–119. —Based upon two different two‐compartment models, a non‐communicating and a more realistic communicating two‐compartment system, the efflux curves from two cortical cylinders of rabbit kidney were sub‐ected to a graphical and a numerical analysis respectively. A fairly good correspondance was obtained between the results of both types of analysis and a surprisingly good fit with the experimental data was obtained by the numerical analysis. The results of the latter analysis showed that in the cylinders 85% and 80% of the exchangeable sodium was in diffusion equilibrium with the medium. The “diffusion coefficient” was calculated to be 7.3 × 10‐6 cm2 sec‐1 at 25°C and 13 × 10‐6 cm2. sec‐1 at 40°C. From separate determinations of the average concentration of exchangeable sodium in tissue water in a serie of cylinders of similar dimensions as those used for the analysis of the efflux curves, it was calculated that the fraction of exchangeable sodium, which is not in diffusion equilibrium with the medium (15–20 %), occupied a fraction of the tissue water of 30–45 % at a sodium concentration of about 55–40 meq/l. Taking an area to volume ratio corresponding to a single proximal tubule, a flux rate was calculated and found to be of an order of 10–100 times greater than that obtained in striated muscles by different investigators.
Studies on Some Systems of Adrenergic Synaptic Terminals in the Abdominal Ganglia of the Cat
Authors: Hamberger Bertil , Norberg Karl‐Axel 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHamberger, B. and K.‐A. Norberg.Studies on some systems of adrenergic synafhc teminals in the abdominal ganglia of the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 1965.65. 235–242. — The course of adrenergic fibres forming synaptic structures in certain visceral ganglia of the cat has been studied with the histochemical fluorescence method of Falck and Hillarp, after selective denervation. The adrenergic synaptic terminals in the intramural ganglia of the colon have their cell bodies in the inferior mesenteric ganglia. The same holds for most of the adrenergic muscle innervation in the bladder trigonum. The adrenergic synaptic terminals in the intramural ganglia of the bladder originate mainly in cell bodies in these or other pelvic ganglia. Adrenergic vasomotor nerves reach the bladder via the pelvic nerves. The adrenergic synaptic terminals in the inferior mesenteric ganglia are mainly of intraganglionic origin. These terminals seem to constitute important and widespread systems for the modulation of ganglionic impulse transmission.
The Action of Adrenaline in Cardiac Muscle Dissociation between Phosphorylase Activation and Inotropic Response
Authors: ØYe Ivar 
Published: December 2008

AbstractØye, I.The action of adrenaline in cardiac muscle. Dissociation between phosphorylase activation and inotropic response. Acta physiol. scand. 1965.65. 251–258. — Isolated, working rat hearts were used in order to study the relationship between phosphorylase activation and inotropic response after adrenaline administration. At the maximum of inotropic response a small but consistent activation of phosphorylase was found (19.2 per cent of the total activity present in the a form, versus 5.0 per cent in the controls). A lag of about 20 sec separated the time of onset of phosphorylase activation from the time of onset of the inotropic response, phosphorylase activation being the later of the two changes and therefore unlikely to play a part in the chain of events leading to increased force of contraction. In the early phase of the inotropic response no activation of phosphorylase was found when the tissue was extracted in glycerol at 30° C. However, an activation of phosphorylase was revealed in these hearts when aqueous extraction at room temperature was carried out. Most likely this finding reflects an activation of phosphorylase b kinase during the early phase of the inotropic response. The results imply that phosphorylase activation and inotropic response might be triggered by the same initial event, in spite of the dissociation, which has been observed between these two adrenergic effects.
Thyroidectomy of the Goat
Authors: Ekman Lars 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEkman, L. Thyroidectomy of the goat. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 65. 331–336. —A procedure to obtain complete thyroidectomy in the adult goat is described. In 4 of 6 goats ectopic thyroid tissue was detected after surgical thyroidectomy. The goats were given treatment doses of 20 to 25 mCi I131 once a month until no ectopic thyroid tissue could be detected by external radioactivity measurements. An additional dose of 25 mCi I131 was given after the first negative radioisotope scanning. The development of hypothyroidism was followed by estimations of plasma protein‐bound radioiodine (PBP and PBI131) and total serum protein‐bound iodine (PBI). Three doses of 25 mCi I131' administered once a month to two pregnant goats caused a complete ablation of the thyroid glands in the offspring. With the exception of a complete lack of thyroid tissue the kids were apparently normally developed, but were borne dead. After delivery a very marked reduction in milk production was noted. The amounts of colostrum milk, however, seemed to be normal. The adult goats increased in weight following the combined thyroidectomy procedures, and showed certain changes in temperature regulation. Otherwise no clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism were detected during the seven month period the animals were under observation.
The Tactile Hairs on the Cat's Foreleg
Authors: Nilsson Bengt Y. , Skoglund C. R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNilsson, B. Y. and C. R. Skoglund. The tactile hairs on the calls foreleg. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 65. 364–3369, ‐ The vibrissae‐like hairs at the wrist of the cat's foreleg have been studied morphologically and physiologically. Each hair follicle contains a large blood sinus close to which a number of Pacinian corpuscles are situated. Recording from nerve filaments showed most nerve endings to be spontaneously active. Bending of a hair resulted in an increased discharge frequency. up to 250 per sec. rapidly declining to a steady frequency level of 20–40 per sec which was maintained without appreciable further decline during several minutes. Bending in the opposite direction might cause cessation of the spontaneous discharge but otherwise no pronounced directional sensitivity was observed. Releasing the hair was usually followed by a silent period in the spontaneous discharge. Contrasting with the slowly adapting discharges of the hair endings are the transient responses of the Pacinian corpuscles with characteristically low threshold to vibratory stimulation. The significance of the blood sinus and of the closely related Pacinian bodies is briefly discussed.
Regional Blood Flow in the Cerebral Cortex, Measured Simultaneously by Heat and Inert Gas Clearance
Authors: Betz E. , Ingvar D. H. , Lassen N. A. , Schmahl F. W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRegional blood flow of the cerebral cortex was measured simultaneously with two methods, one being a modification of the discontinuous 85Krypton clearance method, the other a continuous heat‐clearance method. A correlation could be established between the regional cortical blood flow values obtained with the two methods. It is concluded that the heat‐clearance method can be calibrated by the 85Krypton method, and that, hence, a combined use of the two methods may be helpful for a quantitative analysis of rapid and transient changes in regional cortical blood flow.
Cellular Localization of Monoamine Oxidase in Rat Salivary Glands
Authors: Almgren Olle , Andén Nils‐Erik , Jonason Jan , Norbero Karl‐Axel , Olson Lars 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAfter ligation of the excretory ducts and subsequent atrophy of the parenchymal cells of the rat sub‐maxillary and sublingual glands, a severe reduction of the MAO activity was demonstrated both biochemically (more than 60 per cent decrease expressed as activity per gland) and histochemically. Chronic postganglionic sympathectomy produced a much smaller diminution of the MAO activity in these glands. It is concluded that the major part of the MAO in rat salivary glands occurs in the parenchymal cells.
Testing for Doubly Innervated Fibers in the Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles of the Dog
Authors: Mårtensson A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractExperiments were performed on the cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid muscles of anesthetized dogs with the object of searching for evidence indicating polyneuronal innervation of single muscle fibers. The cricothyroid which is supplied by two peripheral nerves was tested in three different types of experiment, viz. (1) by applying tetanic stimulation to both nerves to find out whether the tension developed on simultaneous stimulation showed a “deficit” as compared to the sum of the tensions produced on stimulating each nerve alone; (2) by applying a single stimulus to each nerve to find out whether the peak tension rose when the stimulus interval was increased from zero to intervals sufficient for elicitation of a double twitch in any fibers supplied by both nerves; (3) by applying subtetanic stimulation of identical frequencies to both nerves to find out whether the contraction curves thus obtained had the same amplitude when corresponding shocks were applied in phase and sufficiently out of phase to permit any fibers supplied by both nerves to increase their discharge frequency and their tension development. The three types of experiment failed to provide any conclusive evidence for doubly innervated fibers in the cricothyroid. In the thyroarytenoid which is supplied by only one peripheral nerve the two latter types of experiment were made possible by a special experimental arrangement; however, no definite evidence for polyneuronal innervation was obtained. The conclusion was drawn that polyneuronal innervation does not occur on a significant scale in the muscles studied even though its existence on a small scale cannot be definitely excluded in view of the possible sources of error involved.
Concomitant Adrenergic and Parasympathetic Fibres in the Rat Iris
Authors: Ehinger B. , Falck B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA nerve net containing both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and non‐specific cholinesterases (ChE) was demonstrated together with a corresponding adrenergic nerve net in the dilator region of the rat iris with a specially developed combination of the techniques for showing cholinesterases and adrenergic nerves. There is no such correspondence between adrenergic nerve fibres and AChE‐containing fibres of the iridic vessels, indicating a purely sympathetic innervation of them. Only AChE‐con taining fibres of the dilator region disappear appreciably upon chronic parasympathetic denervation. Chronic sympathetic denervation does not affect the cholinesterase‐staining properties. The presence of a nerve net in the dilator region, not degenerating upon sympathectomy and the purely sympathetic innervation of the iridic vessels was corroborated with methylene blue stainings. Thus, adrenergic (sympathetic) and AChE‐containing (mainly parasympathetic) fibres run closely together in the vegetative network of the dilator region, but the two types of fibres may also occur separately. It has as yet not been possible to identify the structure affected by the parasympathetic fibres in the dilator region.
A Quantitative Study on the Nigro‐Neostriatal Dopamine Neuron System in the Rat
Authors: Andén Nils‐Erik , Fuxe Kjell , Hamberoer Bertil , Hökfelt Tomas 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn a combined biochemical and histochemical investigation the following quantitative data on a unilateral nigro‐neostriatal dopamine neuron system in the rat have been obtained or calculated. — The number of neurons is 3,500 on the average. — There are about 120 pg dopamine per neuron (1 pg = 10‐12 g). — The terminals contain 50 (or 150) times more dopamine than the cell bodies. —The terminal system of one neuron varies mainly between 55 and 77 cm in length and contains about 500,000 varicosities. — The neostriatum, with a volume of 33 mm3, contains 109 dopamine varicosities occupying 0.3 % of the volume, and 4,000,000 nerve cell bodies (not containing dopamine). — One average dopamine varicosity, with a diameter of 0.4 μ, contains 2.5 × 10‐4 pg dopamine, and has a dopamine concentration around 8,000 μg/g. — One dopamine cell body of the substantia nigra, with a mean diameter of 30 μ, contains 2.5 (or 0.8) pg dopamine, and has a dopamine concentration around 200 (or 60) μg/g.