bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Genetic Polymorphisms and Pancreatic Cancer Risk
Authors: Wang Liang , Bamlet William R. , de Andrade Mariza , Boardman Lisa A. , Cunningham Julie M. , Thibodeau Stephen N. , Petersen Gloria M. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The role of genes that influence the risk of developing pancreatic cancer (PC) has not been well studied. The mitochondrion, conventionally thought to be an organelle specific to energy metabolism, is in fact multifunctional and has been implicated in many diseases, including cancer. To evaluate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in mitochondrial DNA (mtSNP) are associated with increased risk of PC, we screened Caucasian cases diagnosed or seen at the Mayo Clinic with primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 955), and healthy clinic-based Caucasian controls (n = 1,102). A total of 24 mtSNPs, including 10 of the most common tagSNPs, 7 non-tagSNPs in the coding region, and 7 common SNPs in the regulatory region were genotyped. For analysis, these samples were grouped into two phases, the “testing” set (474 cases and 615 controls), and the “validation” set (481 cases and 487 controls). In the testing set, one mtSNP (SNP11719) suggested an association in single SNP analysis, with an odds ratio of 1.34 (95% confidence intervals, 1.05-1.72; P = 0.020), but did not remain statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. In the validation set, none of the 24 variants indicated any association with PC. For haplogroup analysis, 10 core SNPs that form common haplogroups in Caucasians (1719, 4580, 7028, 8251, 9055, 10398, 12308, 13368, 13708, and 16391) were evaluated. No significant associations with PC were identified either by analyzing the two sets separately or combined (combined global P = 0.17). Overall, these results do not support a significant involvement of mitochondrial DNA variation in the risk of developing PC. Investigation of other mitochondrial genetic variations (i.e., nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins) would be necessary to elucidate any role of mitochondrial DNA variation in PC. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(7):1455–9)
Common Variation in the BRCA1 Gene and Prostate Cancer Risk
Authors: Douglas Julie A. , Levin Albert M. , Zuhlke Kimberly A. , Ray Anna M. , Johnson Gregory R. , Lange Ethan M. , Wood David P. , Cooney Kathleen A. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Rare inactivating mutations in the BRCA1 gene seem to play a limited role in prostate cancer. To our knowledge, however, no study has comprehensively assessed the role of other BRCA1 sequence variations (e.g., missense mutations) in prostate cancer. In a study of 817 men with and without prostate cancer from 323 familial and early-onset prostate cancer families, we used family-based association tests and conditional logistic regression to investigate the association between prostate cancer and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tagging common haplotype variation in a 200-kb region surrounding (and including) the BRCA1 gene. We also used the Genotype–Identity-by-Descent Sharing Test to determine whether our most strongly associated SNP could account for prostate cancer linkage to chromosome 17q21 in a sample of 154 families from our previous genome-wide linkage study. The strongest evidence for prostate cancer association was for a glutamine-to-arginine substitution at codon 356 (Gln356Arg) in exon 11 of the BRCA1 gene. The minor (Arg) allele was preferentially transmitted to affected men (P = 0.005 for a dominant model), with an estimated odds ratio of 2.25 (95% confidence interval, 1.21-4.20). Notably, BRCA1 Gln356Arg is not in strong linkage disequilibrium with other BRCA1 coding SNPs or any known HapMap SNP on chromosome 17. In addition, Genotype–Identity-by-Descent Sharing Test results suggest that Gln356Arg accounts (in part) for our prior evidence of prostate cancer linkage to chromosome 17q21 (P = 0.022). Thus, we have identified a common, nonsynonymous substitution in the BRCA1 gene that is associated with and linked to prostate cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(7):1510–6)
Immunoglobulin E Levels and Risk of Lymphoma in a Case-Control Study in Spain
Authors: Ellison-Loschmann Lis , Benavente Yolanda , Douwes Jeroen , Buendia Enric , Font Rebecca , Álvaro Tomás , Kogevinas Manolis , de Sanjosé Silvia 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEpidemiologic studies have shown an inverse association between atopy and malignant lymphoma, but results are inconsistent. We investigated levels of IgE, before and after commencement of treatment, and evaluated lymphoma risk in relation to total and specific IgE levels. Serum levels of IgM, IgA, and IgG were also measured. We enrolled 467 newly diagnosed lymphoma cases and 544 hospital controls, matched for age, sex, and hospital. Lymphomas were histologically confirmed and categorized according to the WHO classification. Subjects provided blood for analysis of total and specific IgE levels, and total IgM, IgA, and IgG levels. Additional information was collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire. Controlling for age, sex, center, smoking status, and any treated asthma or eczema, we found that the overall risk of lymphoma was significantly lower in the high [odds ratio (OR), 0.39; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.28-0.54] and middle (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.40-0.74) tertiles for total serum IgE compared with the low tertile. Specific IgE to common aeroallergens (defined as ≥0.35 kU/L) was also inversely associated with risk of lymphoma (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45-1.00). Lymphoma was associated with IgA and IgM but not IgG. Mean levels of all immunoglobulins were decreased with more advanced malignancy, and total serum IgE levels were lower before treatment. The data suggest that the low levels of immunoglobulins seen in a wide range of lymphoma cases is likely to be linked to a lymphogenesis process rather than resulting from a selective protection due to an atopic process. Long-term cohort studies may be fundamental to fully evaluate these associations. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(7):1492–8)
2-Amino-3,8-Dimethylimidazo-[4,5-f]Quinoxaline–Induced DNA Adduct Formation and Mutagenesis in DNA Repair–Deficient Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Expressing Human Cytochrome P4501A1 and Rapid or Slow AcetylatorN-Acetyltransferase 2
Authors: Bendaly Jean , Zhao Shuang , Neale Jason R. , Metry Kristin J. , Doll Mark A. , States J. Christopher , Pierce William M. , Hein David W. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) is one of the most potent and abundant mutagens in the western diet. Bioactivation includes N-hydroxylation catalyzed by cytochrome P450s followed by O-acetylation catalyzed by N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2). In humans, NAT2*4 allele is associated with rapid acetylator phenotype, whereas NAT2*5B allele is associated with slow acetylator phenotype. We hypothesized that rapid acetylator phenotype predisposes humans to DNA damage and mutagenesis from MeIQx. Nucleotide excision repair–deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells were constructed by stable transfection of human cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and a single copy of either NAT2*4 (rapid acetylator) or NAT2*5B (slow acetylator) alleles. CYP1A1 and NAT2 catalytic activities were undetectable in untransfected Chinese hamster ovary cell lines. CYP1A1 activity did not differ significantly (P &gt; 0.05) among the CYP1A1-transfected cell lines. Cells transfected with NAT2*4 had 20-fold significantly higher levels of sulfamethazine N-acetyltransferase (P = 0.0001) and 6-fold higher levels of N-hydroxy-MeIQx O-acetyltransferase (P = 0.0093) catalytic activity than cells transfected with NAT2*5B. Only cells transfected with both CYP1A1 and NAT2*4 showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase mutagenesis following MeIQx treatment. Deoxyguanosine-C8-MeIQx was the primary DNA adduct formed and levels were dose dependent in each cell line and in the following order: untransfected &lt; transfected with CYP1A1 &lt; transfected with CYP1A1 and NAT2*5B &lt; transfected with CYP1A1 and NAT2*4. MeIQx DNA adduct levels were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.001) in CYP1A1/NAT2*4 than CYP1A1/NAT2*5B cells at all concentrations of MeIQx tested. MeIQx-induced DNA adduct levels correlated very highly (r2 = 0.88) with MeIQx-induced mutants. These results strongly support extrahepatic activation of MeIQx by CYP1A1 and a robust effect of human NAT2 genetic polymorphism on MeIQx-induced DNA adducts and mutagenesis. The results provide laboratory-based support for epidemiologic studies reporting higher frequency of heterocyclic amine-related cancers in rapid NAT2 acetylators. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(7):1503–9)
A Temporal Association between Folic Acid Fortification and an Increase in Colorectal Cancer Rates May Be Illuminating Important Biological Principles: A Hypothesis
Authors: Mason Joel B. , Dickstein Aaron , Jacques Paul F. , Haggarty Paul , Selhub Jacob , Dallal Gerard , Rosenberg Irwin H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNationwide fortification of enriched uncooked cereal grains with folic acid began in the United States and Canada in 1996 and 1997, respectively, and became mandatory in 1998. The rationale was to reduce the number of births complicated by neural tube defects. Concurrently, the United States and Canada experienced abrupt reversals of the downward trend in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence that the two countries had enjoyed in the preceding decade: absolute rates of CRC began to increase in 1996 (United States) and 1998 (Canada), peaked in 1998 (United States) and 2000 (Canada), and have continued to exceed the pre-1996/1997 trends by 4 to 6 additional cases per 100,000 individuals. In each country, the increase in CRC incidence from the prefortification trend falls significantly outside of the downward linear fit based on nonparametric 95% confidence intervals. The statistically significant increase in rates is also evident when the data for each country are analyzed separately for men and women. Changes in the rate of colorectal endoscopic procedures do not seem to account for this increase in CRC incidence. These observations alone do not prove causality but are consistent with the known effects of folate on existing neoplasms, as shown in both preclinical and clinical studies. We therefore hypothesize that the institution of folic acid fortification may have been wholly or partly responsible for the observed increase in CRC rates in the mid-1990s. Further work is needed to definitively establish the nature of this relationship. In the meantime, deliberations about the institution or enhancement of fortification programs should be undertaken with these considerations in mind. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(7):1325–9)
STAT5 is required for long-term maintenance of normal and leukemic human stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Schepers Hein , van Gosliga Djoke , Wierenga Albertus T. J. , Eggen Bart J. L. , Schuringa Jan Jacob , Vellenga Edo 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The transcription factor STAT5 fulfills a distinct role in the hematopoietic system, but its precise role in primitive human hematopoietic cells remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we performed STAT5 RNAi in sorted cord blood (CB) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) CD34+ cells by lentiviral transduction and investigated effects of STAT5 downmodulation on the normal stem/progenitor cell compartment and the leukemic counterpart. STAT5 RNAi cells displayed growth impairment, without affecting their differentiation in CB and AML cultures on MS5 stroma. In CB, limiting-dilution assays demonstrated a 3.9-fold reduction in progenitor numbers. Stem cells were enumerated in long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) assays, and the average LTC-IC frequency was 3.25-fold reduced from 0.13% to 0.04% by STAT5 down-regulation. Single-cell sorting experiments of CB CD34+/CD38− cells demonstrated a 2-fold reduced cytokine-driven expansion, with a subsequent 2.3-fold reduction of progenitors. In sorted CD34+ AML cells with constitutive STAT5 phosphorylation (5/8), STAT5 RNAi demonstrated a reduction in cell number (72% ± 17%) and a decreased expansion (17 ± 15 vs 80 ± 58 in control cultures) at week 6 on MS5 stroma. Together, our data indicate that STAT5 expression is required for the maintenance and expansion of primitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, both in normal as well as leukemic hematopoiesis.
Correlations of EGFR mutations and increases in EGFR and HER2 copy number to gefitinib response in a retrospective analysis of lung cancer patients
Authors: Pugh Trevor J , Bebb Gwyn , Barclay Lorena , Sutcliffe Margaret , Fee John , Salski Chris , O'Connor Robert , Ho Cheryl , Murray Nevin , Melosky Barbara , English John , Vielkind Jeurgen , Horsman Doug , Laskin Janessa J , Marra Marco A 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundGefitinib, a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), has shown limited efficacy in the treatment of lung cancer. Recognized clinical predictors of response to this drug, specifically female, non-smoker, Asian descent, and adenocarcinoma, together suggest a genetic basis for drug response. Recent studies have addressed the relationship between response and either sequence mutations or increased copy number of specific receptor tyrosine kinases. We set out to examine the relationship between response and the molecular status of two such kinases,EGFRandHER2, in 39 patients treated with gefitinib at the BC Cancer Agency.MethodsArchival patient material was reviewed by a pathologist and malignant cells were selectively isolated by laser microdissection or manual recovery of cells from microscope slides. Genomic DNA was extracted from 37 such patient samples and exons 18–24, coding for the tyrosine kinase domain ofEGFR, were amplified by PCR and sequenced.EGFRandHER2copy number status were also assessed using FISH in 26 samples. Correlations between molecular features and drug response were assessed using the two-sided Fisher's exact test.ResultsMutations previously correlated with response were detected in five tumours, four with exon 19 deletions and one with an exon 21 missense L858R point mutation. Increased gene copy number was observed in thirteen tumours, seven withEGFRamplification, three withHER2amplification, and three with amplification of both genes. In our study cohort, a correlation was not observed between response andEGFRmutations (exon 19 deletion p = 0.0889, we observed a single exon 21 mutation in a non-responder) or increases inEGFRorHER2copy number (p = 0.552 and 0.437, respectively).ConclusionNeither mutation ofEGFRnor increased copy number ofEGFRorHER2was diagnostic of response to gefitinib in this cohort. However, validation of these features in a larger sample set is appropriate. Identification of additional predictive biomarkers beyondEGFRstatus may be necessary to accurately predict treatment outcome.
Mechanical ventilation with lower tidal volumes does not influence the prescription of opioids or sedatives
Authors: Wolthuis Esther K , Veelo Denise P , Choi Goda , Determann Rogier M , Korevaar Johanna C , Spronk Peter E , Kuiper Michael A , Schultz Marcus J 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Introduction
We compared the effects of mechanical ventilation with a lower tidal volume (VT) strategy versus those of greater VT in patients with or without acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on the use of opioids and sedatives.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of a previously conducted before/after intervention study, which consisting of feedback and education on lung protective mechanical ventilation using lower VT. We evaluated the effects of this intervention on medication prescriptions from days 0 to 28 after admission to our multidisciplinary intensive care unit.

Results
Medication prescriptions in 23 patients before and 38 patients after intervention were studied. Of these patients, 10 (44%) and 15 (40%) suffered from ALI/ARDS. The VT of ALI/ARDS patients declined from 9.7 ml/kg predicted body weight (PBW) before to 7.8 ml/kg PBW after the intervention (P = 0.007). For patients who did not have ALI/ARDS there was a trend toward a decline from 10.2 ml/kg PBW to 8.6 ml/kg PBW (P = 0.073). Arterial carbon dioxide tension was significantly greater after the intervention in ALI/ARDS patients. Neither the proportion of patients receiving opioids or sedatives, or prescriptions at individual time points differed between pre-intervention and post-intervention. Also, there were no statistically significant differences in doses of sedatives and opioids. Findings were no different between non-ALI/ARDS patients and ALI/ARDS patients.

Conclusion
Concerns regarding sedation requirements with use of lower VT are unfounded and should not preclude its use in patients with ALI/ARDS.
Liposarcoma of the larynx: A multicentric or a metastatic malignancy
Authors: Krausen Anthony S. , Gall Alan M. , Gaeza Raoul , Spector Gershon J. , Ansel David G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe third case of liposarcoma of the larynx, this one arising from the preepiglottic space, is presented. The report is unique in so far as the patient previously had been treated for a liposarcoma in another anatomic region.The diagnosis in this case was in doubt until electron microscopic studies were done. Since the histopathology of the laryngeal and the previous liposarcoma were different, the question of metastasis versus multi‐centricity was raised.Other discussions of liposarcomas over the past three decades have not resolved this aspect of their behavior completely. In this instance, after considering avenues of metastatic spread in conjunction with the histopathology, it would appear that the laryngeal lesion was a second primary and not a metastasis.
Infratemporal fossa abscess unusual complication of maxillary sinus fracture
Authors: Weiss Barky R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractInfratemporal abscess is an unusual complication of maxillary sinus fracture. It can occur several years after the initial injury. Two case histories are presented in detail. The venous connections and the pathways of spread of infections, as well as the pathophysiology of osteomyelitis, are discussed. Treatment cf bony infection is wide removal of all necrotic tissue including a small amount of normal tissue.
Emphysema secondary to tonsillectomy
Authors: Malin Prupas H. , Fordham Stewart D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn unusual complication of tonsillectomy is tissue emphysema and/or pneumomediastinitis. A patient is described with both of these conditions, which probably resulted directly from the introduction of air into the tonsillar bed either during the surgical procedure itself or in the postoperative recovery period. The possible etiologies and recognition of this problem are discussed.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the soft palate
Authors: Russ Joseph E. , Applebaum Edward L. , Sisson George A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThirty‐eight patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the soft palate treated between 1960 and 1975 were reviewed. Males in the seventh decade predominated. All symptomatic patients complained of sore throat and/or odynophagia. Seventy‐eight percent were symptomatic less than three months. Approximately equal numbers of patients presented with Tl, T2, and T3 tumors. Twenty‐seven percent had cervical metastases when initially seen. The majority (89%) of patients were treated with radiation initially and the remainder (11%) received radiation therapy at the time of postsurgical recurrence with an absolute five year survival of 33%. Patients less than 60 years of age and those with small primary tumors and no neck metastases demonstrated better survival. Radiation therapy to the primary tumor and neck appears to be the preferred modality of initial treatment.
Clinical evaluation of TMJ arthroplasties with insertion of articular eminence prosthesis on ninety patients (an eight year study)
Authors: House Leland R. , Morgan Douglas H. , Hall William P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper represents an analysis, accomplished over an eight‐year period, of 90 individuals who have been operated on for various arthritic diseases of their temporomandibular joints (TMJ).In arthritic changes of the joint, several changes may occur: perforation of the disc, flattening of the articular eminence, asymmetrical condy‐lar movement, and chronic synovitis. This may result in increased synovial pressure on nerve fibers within the capsule of the joint, and a variety of referred pain symptoms.Prior to operation, a careful differential diagnosis was made by an otolaryngologist and, frequently, by a neurologist/neurosurgeon and a psychologist. The prosthesis inserted during surgery was a metallic device which fits over the articular eminence in the upper portion of the joint. This prosthesis accomplishes primarily three functions: elimination of the crepitus; restoration of the contour of the eminence; separation of the articular surfaces of the joint.
Surgical management of vagal chemodectomas
Authors: Owen Black F. , Myers Eugene N. , Parnes Steven M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractVagal chemodectomas (tumors of the vagal glomus body) are histologically benign and insensitive to radiation therapy. Unless properly managed, these tumors may become life‐threatening because of their eventual impingement on surrounding structures, particularly contents of the cranial vault.Patients with chemodectomas of the skull base may be surgically treated without significant functional or cosmetic loss, provided the surgeon possesses the following surgical abilities: 1. temporal bone dissection capabilities; 2. microsurgical skills, including techniques of middle ear reconstruction and neurovascular anastomosis; 3. implementation of simultaneous multiple approaches to the skull base and infratemporal fossa; and 4. the capability of managing technically inherent intraoperative and postoperative problems.Experience from nine patients, all successfully treated surgically, will be summarized.
Correction of congenital choanal atresia in children and adults
Authors: Carpenter Robert J. , Bryan Neel H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCongenital choanal atresia occurs once in 7,000 to 8,000 births. The atresia is bony in most cases, more common in females, and more often right‐sided in patients with unilateral atresia. The incidence of associated congenital anomalies is relatively high. During the 25‐year period 1951 to 1976, 36 patients with choanal atresia were treated at the Mayo Clinic; 19 were females and 17 were males. The ages at the time of surgical treatment ranged from 1 day to 58 years. Twenty‐four patients had unilateral obstruction, and 12 had bilateral obstruction. Six patients (17%) had other associated congenital anomalies. Intranasal perforation and transpalatal correction were most commonly employed in children who were less than 8 years old, and transseptal correction was most often carried out in older patients. The nature of the stenting material and the age of the patient have important bearing on the outcome of the operation.Congenital choanal atresia is a bony or membranous closure of the posterior choana. It may be complete or incomplete and unilateral or bilateral. We wish to report on a series of children and adults who were treated for congenital choanal atresia at the Mayo Clinic during a 25‐year period and to describe a transseptal method of correction that may be performed concurrently with septal reconstruction and external nasal surgery in older children and adults.