bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Book Reviews
Authors: BLEANEY MICHAEL , GOTTSCHALK RICARDO , DESIERTO DESIREE , MONCARZ PEDRO 
Published: July 2006

Official Reserves and Currency Management in Asia: Myth, Reality and the Future: Geneva Reports on the World Economy 7 by HANS GENBERG, ROBERT McCAULEY, YUNG CHUL PARK and AVINASH PERSAUD (London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 2005), pp. 128, £25.00 paperback, ISBN 1 898128 90 1. Growth, Inequality and Poverty: Prospects for Pro‐Poor Economic Development by ANTHONY SHORROCKS and ROLPH VAN DER HOEVEN (eds.) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 283, paperback, ISBN 0 19 928824 2. Competition and Growth: Reconciling Theory and Evidence by PHILIPPE AGHION and RACHEL GRIFFITH (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005), pp. 104, £18.50 hardback, ISBN 0 262 01218 9. The World Trade Organization. A Very Short Introduction by AMRITA NARLIKAR (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 175, £6.99, paperback, ISBN 0 19 280608 4.
Guidelines for tuberculosis prophylaxis during anti‐tumour necrosis factor‐α treatment: Indian Rheumatology Association
Authors: HANDA R. , MISRA R. , CHATURVEDI V. P. , PISPATI P. K. , RAO U. R. K. , JOSHI V. R. ,   for the Indian Rheumatology Association
Published: July 2006

AbstractIndia is home to a large patient population of both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and tuberculosis (TB). As the usage of biologic agents in RA increases in India, the issue of TB reactivation and prophylaxis becomes very pertinent. The consensus view of an expert group from the Indian Rheumatology Association is presented. Tuberculin testing has limited utility in India and isoniazid prophylaxis seems to be a reasonable option. It is hoped that this report shall pave the way for formal guidelines.
Clinical experience with tumor necrosis factor blockers in Korean rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: HUR Jin‐Wuk , CHOI Chan‐Bum , BAE Sang‐Cheol 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers have become an important treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with its proven effectiveness. But it is not universally effective in all patients and it comes with a relatively high economic burden. We should use them effectively. Advances in pharmacoeconomics and pharmacogenetics may be able to help us reach this goal. This article will review our clinical experience of biological agents to treat RA at Hanyang University in Korea, with emphasis on the current therapies targeting TNF and the rational use of theses agents in RA.
Risk of tuberculosis in a Chinese registry of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis for tumour necrosis factor‐α antagonists
Authors: HUANG Feng , WANG Lisha , ZHANG Jianglin , DENG Xiaohu , GUO Junhua , ZHANG Yamei 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAim:  To understand the risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) who required tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) antagonist treatment.Methods:  Patients with RA and AS who were screened for infliximab and etanercept treatment for up to 6 months were entered in a registry between 2003 and 2005. The purified protein derivative (PPD) test and chest anteroposterior and lateral view X‐ray were performed at screening. The risk of TB infection in theses patients was observed during follow up.Results:  Among 67 RA patients screened, a positive PPD reaction was found in one patient. Of the 169 AS patients screened, 23 were positive for the PPD reaction, two had pulmonary TB calcinosis and two were diagnosed as having pulmonary TB. The incidence of PPD positive reaction and pulmonary TB calcinosis or active TB in our screened RA and AS patients was significantly lower than that reported in the recent fourth national TB infection rates and prevalence (P < 0.01). Only one patient with RA developed neck lymph node TB 6 months after completion of infliximab infusion.Conclusion:  Patients with AS and RA are not at an increased risk of TB infection if screened properly before short course treatment with anti‐TNF‐α agents.
Biological therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: beyond TNF‐α blockade
Authors: MOK Chi Chiu 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBiological therapies represent one of the major advances in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the past decade. The tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) inhibitors have started marketing in most Asian countries. Despite having a higher efficacy than conventional disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), the anti‐TNF‐α agents are not successful in all patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, short‐term and long‐term complications such as tuberculous infection and lymphoma are still a major concern. Recent studies have demonstrated that several non‐TNF‐α biologics such as rituximab, abatacept and tocilizumab are effective in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis, including those who are not responsive to the TNF‐α inhibitors. This article updates the clinical data on the recently developed non‐TNF‐α biological agents in rheumatoid arthritis.
Post‐emplacement serpentinization and related hydrothermal metamorphism in a kimberlite from Venetia, South Africa
Authors: STRIPP G. R. , FIELD M. , SCHUMACHER J. C. , SPARKS R. S. J. , CRESSEY G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe common serpentine–diopside matrix assemblage in volcaniclastic kimberlite (VK) at the Venetia Mine, South Africa is ascribed to a secondary origin, because of post‐emplacement serpentinization and associated hydrothermal metamorphism. Volcaniclastic deposits with 20–30% porosity infill kimberlite pipes in the waning stages of kimberlite eruptions. Olivine macrocrysts are typically rimmed by talc and are pseudomorphed by lizardite, with minor magnetite. The fine matrix consists of mixtures of lizardite, chlorite, smectite, brucite, calcite, titanite and andradite, an assemblage which either pseudomorphed microcrysts or in‐filled voids. Locally we recognize microcryst pseudomorphs rich in sub‐microscopic mixtures of lizardite with smectite, and other microcryst pseudomorphs and void‐filling matrix rich in chlorite and lizardite. Interstitial lizardite and associated phyllosilicates (brucite, smectite and chlorite) crystallized progressively from meteoric or hydrothermally derived pore waters, and Si4+ and Mg2+ released into the fluid phase during serpentinization of olivine macrocrysts. Radial‐fibrous fringes of diopside microlites around crystals display void‐filling textures because of unrestricted growth into pore spaces. Secondary diopside is attributed to Si4+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ cations released into the fluid phase by interaction with olivine, calcite and plagioclase in siliceous xenoliths. The paucity of primary, fine‐grained groundmass phases resistant to alteration, for example, perovskite and spinel, precludes an origin for the intergrain matrix as altered interstitial ash, glass or a late‐stage kimberlite melt. Isovolumetric replacement of olivine results in a volume increase of 60% so that pore spaces in the original deposit can be easily filled up with serpentine. The source of Al3+ to form chlorite and smectite is attributed to alteration of plagioclase in xenoliths which comprise 20–30 vol.% of the deposit. Titanite, hydro‐andradite and second‐generation diopside precipitate as hydrothermal minerals from calcium‐bearing serpentinizing fluids in replacement reactions and as void‐filling minerals. Consideration of mineral equilibria in the CaO‐MgO‐SiO2‐H2O‐CO2 system constrains the common matrix assemblage of lizardite and diopside in XCO2)–T space. At 300 bar, the assemblage is stable only at temperatures below 370 °C and XCO2 < 0.01. This upper limit on temperature is well below the plausible solidus of ultrabasic magmas. Furthermore, the requirement of trace CO2 in the fluid phase implies a post‐emplacement external source rather than ‘autometamorphism’ from kimberlite‐derived fluids, because of high PCO2 commonly inferred for kimberlite magmas.
Cluster Headache: Orbital Hemodynamic Changes During Valsalva Maneuver
Authors: Barriga Francisco J. , Cuadrado María L. , Bueno Ángel , Barón Manuel , Dobato José L. , Vela Lydia , Pareja Juan A. 
Published: July 2006

Background.—The clinical features of cluster headache (CH) disclose some vascular changes in the symptomatic region, but few instrumental studies have assessed orbital hemodynamics in patients with this disorder.Methods.—Orbital blood flow reactivity elicited by Valsalva maneuver (VM) was studied with ophthalmic artery eco‐Doppler in 16 patients (14 men and 2 women; mean age: 41.2) suffering from episodic CH and in 18 healthy controls. Patients were examined twice: first, in a cluster period (between pain attacks), and second, in a remission period. Each time peak‐systolic and end‐diastolic flow velocities were recorded in both ophthalmic arteries at rest and during all phases of VM.Results.—Valsalva phase IV was consistently associated with an increment of blood flow velocities through the ophthalmic arteries. Unlike controls, patients showed an asymmetric vascular reactivity. In the cluster period peak‐systolic flow velocity increments were lower on the symptomatic side than on the asymptomatic side (14.1% vs. 34.4%; P < .001), while in remission end‐diastolic flow velocity increments were higher in the previously symptomatic orbit (129% vs. 72.9%; P < .05). Vascular reactivity on the asymptomatic side was always similar to that of healthy controls.Conclusions.—In episodic CH, the symptomatic orbit shows an abnormal vascular reactivity. During the cluster period, basal vasodilation and hyperemia could preclude it from admitting a much greater amount of blood at the end of Valsalva. During remission, there might be some latent vascular changes that lead to supersensitive vasodilator responses and/or opening of arteriovenous shunts under certain circumstances such as Valsalva. These phenomena could be relevant in the pathophysiology of CH.
Use of the ID Migraine Questionnaire for Migraine in TMJ and Orofacial Pain Clinic
Authors: Kim Seong Taek , Kim Chong‐Youl 
Published: July 2006

Objective.—The aim of this study was to determine whether the ID Migraine questionnaire could be applied successfully to assess the migraine patients in TMJ and Orofacial Pain Clinic.Background.—As migraine pain represents a substantial personal and social burden worldwide, there has been a great deal of effort in developing a screening instrument for migraine.Methods.—Each subject completed a self‐administered screening questionnaire consisting of nine items. Based on the International Headache Society criteria, the clinical diagnosis of migraine was assigned. The sensitivity and specificity of the individual items were evaluated. An analysis of the data was performed using the SAS (Statistical Analysis System) V8.01.Results.—This study found that nausea, photophobia, and headache‐related disability had the highest individual sensitivities and specificities, and the performance of the three‐item screener was equivalent to that reported in a previous study. Although the sensitivity of the three‐item screener in this study (0.58) was lower than in a previous study (0.81), the specificity (0.98) was higher and the positive predictive value was 93.9%. This suggests that the ID Migraine questionnaire is relatively efficient in this setting.Conclusion.—The ID Migraine questionnaire, which is a three‐item screener consisting of nausea, photophobia, and headache‐related disability, could be used as a self‐administered report for detecting migraine headaches in patients with temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain.
Facial Pain and the Second Edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders
Authors: Zebenholzer Karin , Wöber Christian , Vigl Marion , Wessely Peter , Wöber‐Bingöl Çiçek 
Published: July 2006

Background.—Recurrent or chronic facial pain may be a diagnostic challenge. Applying the diagnostic criteria of the second edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD‐II) leaves a considerable number of patients unclassifiable.Objective.—The aim of this study was to establish and evaluate revised criteria of trigeminal neuralgia and persistent idiopathic facial pain.Methods.—Based on the diagnostic value of 12 clinical features of trigeminal neuralgia and 15 features of persistent idiopathic facial in 97 patients referred for facial pain to a neurological tertiary care centre we established revised criteria for persistent idiopathic facial pain and additional criteria for probable trigeminal neuralgia and probable idiopathic facial pain.Results.—Applying the newly proposed criteria reduced the number of patients with facial pain not classifiable by more than 50%. The new criteria improved the sensitivity, particularly in idiopathic facial pain and did not cause a relevant decrease in specificity compared to ICHD‐II.Conclusion.—This study suggests that amendments to the ICHD‐II criteria improve the diagnostic classification of facial pain.
Rofecoxib in the Acute Treatment of Migraine: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Saper Joel , Dahlof Carl , So Yuen , Tfelt‐Hansen Peer , Malbecq William , Loeys Thomas , Barraclough Eleathea , Klipfel Meghan , Lines Christopher , Visser Hester , Reines Scott , Yuen Eric ,   on behalf of the Rofecoxib Protocol 162 Study Group
Published: July 2006

Objective.—To investigate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of rofecoxib and ibuprofen for acute migraine treatment.Background.—Rofecoxib was effective and well tolerated in a previous study of treatment of a single migraine attack. We sought to replicate these findings for a single attack and also study the clinical profile of rofecoxib in the acute treatment of multiple migraine attacks. Ibuprofen was included as a reference nonselective NSAID.Methods.—Adult migraineurs (n = 783) treated one migraine attack with either rofecoxib (25 or 50 mg), ibuprofen 400 mg, or placebo in a randomized, double‐blind study. Patients could elect to enroll in a 3‐month double‐blind extension phase.Results.—In the single‐attack phase, headache relief at 2 hours postdose was reported by 59.4%, 62.2%, and 57.7% of patients who took rofecoxib 25 mg, rofecoxib 50 mg, and ibuprofen 400 mg, respectively, versus 30.5% for placebo (all P < .001 vs placebo). The active drugs were statistically superior to placebo on a variety of additional measures. In the extension phase, the mean percentage of patients' attacks with headache relief at 2 hours postdose was 61.8% for rofecoxib 25 mg, 65.4% for rofecoxib 50 mg, and 59.3% for ibuprofen 400 mg. The mean percentage of patients' attacks with 24‐hour sustained headache relief was greater for rofecoxib 50 mg (52.0%) than for rofecoxib 25 mg (47.8%, P < .050) or ibuprofen (39.0%, P < .010). In the single‐attack phase, the adverse event rate was higher for rofecoxib 50 mg (37.8%) than placebo (27.8%, P < .050); rates were similar to placebo for rofecoxib 25 mg (32.0%, n.s.) and ibuprofen 400 mg (28.1%, n.s.). In the extension phase, treatment groups had similar adverse event rates.Conclusions.—Rofecoxib 25 and 50 mg and ibuprofen 400 mg were effective and generally well tolerated in the acute treatment of migraine.
Investigating the Association Between Notch3 Polymorphism and Migraine
Authors: Borroni Barbara , Brambilla Cristina , Liberini Paolo , Rao Renata , Archetti Silvana , Venturelli Elisabetta , Gipponi Stefano , Caimi Luigi , Padovani Alessandro 
Published: July 2006

Objective.—The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the functional Notch3 polymorphism T6746C, which is not causative for cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), might be a risk factor for migraine.Background.—It has been recently demonstrated that migraine is characterized by subclinical brain infarctions and white matter lesions. Several genetic risk factors have been associated with migraine, but no study has unraveled a possible relationship between migraine and Notch3, which is involved in vascular damage. Mutations in Notch3 gene have been demonstrated to be pathogenetic for CADASIL, a small vessel disease of the brain characterized by migraine.Methods.—A total of 156 migraine patients and 128 nonheadache healthy volunteers entered the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics were carefully recorded, and a neurological work‐up was performed. Moreover, each subject underwent a blood sampling for Notch3 genotype determination.Results.—Notch3 genotypes as well as allele frequencies did not differ in migraine patients compared to controls, even adjusting for the presence of possible confounds. No difference has been found either in migraine patients with aura or in those without aura.Conclusions.—These findings support the view that functional polymorphism T6746C in Notch3 gene is not involved in increasing the risk of migraine or migraine subtypes.
Headache Disability in Orofacial Pain Patients
Authors: Dando William E. , Branch Morris A. , Maye John P. 
Published: July 2006

Objective.—To retrospectively examine the reported history of and the disability caused by headaches in patients presenting for evaluation and treatment of orofacial pain.Background.—More than 81% of patients with the chief complaint of pain in the orofacial region concomitantly report pain in other body locations. Among the comorbidities frequently reported with orofacial pain are a variety of different headaches types, including migraines, tension type headaches, and chronic daily headaches. The extent of the disability caused by those headache complaints in a large patient population is unknown.Methods.—The Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) is administered to all patients as a part of the initial assessment at the Orofacial Pain Center. This investigation is retrospectively examined the reported history of and the disability caused by headaches in patients who presented for evaluation and treatment of orofacial pain in the Orofacial Pain Center, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, between the dates of 1 September 2003 and 1 December 2004.Results.—In the present study 261 (61.3%) patients reported a headache complaint and 100 (38%) fulfilled the criteria for migraine with or without aura. MIDAS scores were reported by 55.3% of 426 patients with the mean score of 23.68. There were no significant differences in MIDAS scores in relation to the presence or absence of an intracapsular disorder. Patients with masticatory and/or cervical myalgia demonstrated significantly higher MIDAS scores when compared to patients without myalgia.Conclusions.—These findings clearly demonstrate the necessity for evaluation of headache and related disability in orofacial pain patients.
Female Sex Hormones and Rat Dural Vasodilatation to CGRP, Periarterial Electrical Stimulation and Capsaicin
Authors: Gupta Saurabh , Villalón Carlos M. , Mehrotra Suneet , De Vries René , Garrelds Ingrid M. , Saxena Pramod R. , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette 
Published: July 2006

Background.—The prevalence of migraine is 2 to 3‐fold higher in females than in males, and it is intricately related to the levels of female sex hormones. These hormones may regulate the synthesis and receptor expression of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), which mediates neurogenic dural vasodilatation and is implicated in migraine pathogenesis.Objective.—To investigate the effects of the female sex steroids, 17β‐estradiol and progesterone, separately and in combination, on dural vasodilatation induced by αCGRP, periarterial electrical stimulation and capsaicin in ovariectomized rats, using intravital microscopy.Methods.—Sprague‐Dawley rats were ovariectomized and, 7 days later, subcutaneously implanted with 21‐day release pellets of 17β‐estradiol, progesterone, their combination or placebo. On day 19 to 21, the animals were anesthetized, overlying bone thinned to visualize the middle meningeal artery and vasodilator responses to αCGRP (10 to 3000 ng kg−1), periarterial electrical stimulation (25 to 125 μA) and capsaicin (0.3 to 18 μg kg−1) elicited.Results.—There were no significant differences in the vasodilator potency or efficacy of αCGRP or capsaicin in the different groups studied. In contrast, the vasodilator response to electrical stimulation was significantly higher in rats treated with 17β‐estradiol (Emax:157 ± 19%) as compared to those observed after placebo treatment (Emax:93 ± 11%).Conclusion.—Our results show that, in contrast to CGRP‐ or capsaicin‐induced dural vasodilatation, 17β‐estradiol enhanced neurogenic vasodilatation, suggesting increased CGRP release from perivascular nerves. This may be one of the mechanisms through which 17β‐estradiol exacerbates migraine in women.
Serotonin in Trigeminal Ganglia of Female Rodents: Relevance to Menstrual Migraine
Authors: Berman Nancy E.J. , Puri Veena , Chandrala Syam , Puri Sanjeev , Macgregor Ronal , Liverman Christopher S. , Klein Robert M. 
Published: July 2006

Objectives.—We examined changes in the serotonin system across the estrous cycle in trigeminal ganglia of female rodents to determine which components are present and which are regulated by the variations in levels of ovarian steroids that occur during the estrous cycle.Background.—Migraine is 2–3 times more prevalent in women than in men and attacks are often timed with the menstrual cycle, suggesting a mechanistic link with ovarian steroids. Serotonin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of migraine, and the effectiveness of triptans, selective 5HT‐1B/D/F agonists, has provided further support for this concept. It is not known whether serotonin, its rate‐limiting enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), or its receptors are regulated by ovarian steroids in trigeminal ganglia.Methods.—We used reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction to examine gene expression in cycling mice, Western blots to examine protein expression, double‐labeling immunohistochemistry using markers of nociceptors and nonnociceptors and confocal microscopy to identify specific types of neurons, and primary tissue culture to examine effects of estrogen on trigeminal neurons in vitro.Results.—In C57/BL6 mice mRNA levels of TPH‐1, the rate‐limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis, were over 2‐fold higher and protein levels were 1.4‐fold higher at proestrus, the high estrogen stage of the cycle than at diestrus, the low estrogen stage. TPH protein also was present in primary trigeminal cultures obtained from female Sprague‐Dawley rats, but levels were not affected by 24‐hour treatment with physiological levels (10−9 M) of 17β‐estradiol. Gene expression of 5HT‐1B and 5HT‐1D receptors in trigeminal ganglia was not regulated by the estrous cycle. Serotonin was present in trigeminal neurons containing CGRP, a potent vasoactive neuropeptide, peripherin, an intermediate filament present in neurons with unmyelinated axons, neurofilament H, which is present in neurons with myelinated axons, and in neurons binding IB4, a marker of nonpeptidergic nociceptors. Serotonin was also present in neurons containing 5HT‐1B. The serotonin‐positive population was significantly larger in diameter than the serotonin‐negative population.Conclusions.—Expression of the rate‐limiting enzyme required for serotonin synthesis is regulated during the natural estrous cycle, and serotonin is present in larger trigeminal neurons of all the major subtypes. Colocalization of serotonin with 5HT‐1B suggests that this receptor functions as an autoreceptor to regulate serotonin release. Cyclical changes in serotonin levels in trigeminal ganglia could contribute to the pathogenesis of menstrual migraine.