bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOME BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF A POTENT FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE PREPARATION
Authors: Papkoff Harold 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A preparation of ovine follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) which is approximately 50 times as active as NIH-FSH-S1 has been tested in hypophysectomized male and female rats and found to be a potent steroidogenic factor. Contamination of the FSH preparation with interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH, LH) was found to be very low (0.006–0.016 unit/mg) and could not account for the observed activity. In addition, treatment of the FSH preparation with 6 m urea and neuraminidase indicates that the steroidogenic activity is either an intrinsic property of the FSH molecule or a discrete entity which differs chemically from ICSH.
URINARY EXCRETION OF 131I COMPOUNDS AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF 131I THYROXINE
Authors: Blomstedt B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The excretion of radioiodine and radiothyroxine in the urine after intravenous administration of 131I-thyroxine was studied in euthyroid patients. The excretion of radioactivity during 12 days ranged from 42.8 to 60.0 per cent of the dose (mean 49.8 ± 1.87). The radioactivity in the urine was derived mainly from iodide and thyroxine, about 90 per cent and 5 per cent respectively; diiodotyrosine and triiodothyronine accounted for a small fraction. The 24-hour excretion in the urine of the extrathyroidal thyroxine pool was calculated at 0.11—0.54 per cent (0.8—5.0 μg) corresponding to 2—3 per cent of the daily amount of endogenous thyroxine catabolized.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE SO-CALLED PURE GONADAL DYSGENESIS
Authors: Brøgger Anton , Strand Arne 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A tabular review is given of 38 cases from the literature classified by the present authors as possible cases of »pure gonadal dysgenesis« (Stewart 1960). The congenital malformations commonly found in gonadal dysgenesis (Turner's syndrome and similar conditions) may vary between severe disorder and a practically normal development. Thus the »pure« cases cannot sharply be distinguished from other cases of gonadal dysgenesis. Furthermore the cytological evidence indicates that the condition may develop on different genetical bases, including XX, XY, XY/XX, XY/XO, XO/XY/XYY, XO/XX and XO/Xdeleted-X sex chromosome patterns. It is concluded that the value of the syndrome classification, pure gonadal dysgenesis, is doubtful.
Data on the differential diagnosis between »pure gonadal dysgenesis« and testicular feminization are given.
Case reports are given of male chromosome patterns in two sisters with »pure gonadal dysgenesis« and dysgerminoma respectively.
ABNORMAL IODINATED PROTEINS IN TWO CASES OF ANAPLASTIC CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID
Authors: Hales Ian , Lane J. , Richards M. , Stanley P. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An albumin-like iodinated protein is described in the serum of two cases of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid gland, resembling the compound sedimenting with S20,w4 found in saline extracts of the malignant tissue of the patients. The 4S component of the extract contains human serum albumin, together with either an altered albumin or other 4S component. It is suggested that an intracellular defect is the cause of production of this component, and this is probably the source of the abnormal circulating iodinated compound.
INFLUENCE OF GONADOTROPHIC HORMONES ON THE DECIDUAL CELL REACTION IN INTACT AND IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: von Berswordt-Wallrabe Ilse , Jantzen K. , Herlyn U. , von Berswordt-Wallrabe R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
352 rats were used to study the effects of graded levels of lactogenic hormone (LGH) alone and in combination with PMS and HCG, on the formation of the decidual cell reaction (DCR) in intact and in hypophysectomized rats. Maximal DCR occurred in intact rats and in hypophysectomized rats treated with LGH + HCG and with LGH + HCG + PMS. A marked but significant smaller DCR was found in hypophysectomized rats treated with PMS + LGH. The DCR was absent or very minute in hypophysectomized, LGH-, PMS- or HCG-treated rats. The results indicate, that LGH alone is not capable of inducing a DCR. The addition of ICSH to LGH results in an adequate condition for the production of the DCR by uterine trauma.
TPNH GENERATION IN THE HUMAN OVARY
Authors: Nielson M. H. , Warren J. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The endogenous activities of four major supernatant enzymes which produce TPNH (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase) were quantitated in both normal and pathologic human ovarian tissues. The atrophic ovary demonstrated the lowest relative activity of the pentose shunt dehydrogenases, whereas luteinized tissues displayed the highest. During the course of its life cycle, the corpus luteum of the nonpregnant female displayed a progressive rise in isocitrate dehydrogenase and a concomitant fall in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. The corpus luteum of pregnancy, studied at term, demonstrated the highest levels of activity of all the four enzymes quantitated.
THE OESTROGENIC AND ANTIFERTILITY ACTIVITIES OF DIETHYLSTILBOESTROL AND DIMETHYLSTILBOESTROL IN RODENTS
Authors: Emmens C. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Median effective doses and relative potencies have been determined in vaginal smear tests in the rat and mouse for dimethylstilboestrol (DMS) and diethylstilboestrol (DES). These were done by injection or orally, and the relative potency of DMS in terms of DES varied from 0.0004 to 0.0165 according to species and route of administration. Comparison with the antifertility effects of these compounds in the same species by the same routes of administration lends support to the conclusion. also indicated in other studies, that in both cases the antifertility action is due to oestrogenic activity.
A SIMPLE BLOOD TRANSFUSION TECHNIQUE IN THE UNANAESTHETIZED MOUSE.
Authors: Rerup Claus 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A blood transfusion technique in mice is described, in which no anaesthesia is necessary and in which both donor and recipient mice can be used repeatedly. Transfusion time averages 40 seconds, surgical trauma and use of anticoagulant being kept at a minimum. Corticotrophin levels were not measurable in normal non-stressed mice, but readily detectable in adrenalectomized mice: Four days after adrenalectomy the blood corticotrophin increased significantly, the concentration being about 0.25 milli-units per ml. Normal TSH levels in mouse blood were not detectable and were thus lower than normal TSH levels in the rat. A significant rise in blood TSH was observed after administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) for three weeks.
QUANTITATIVE RELATIONS IN THE AQUEOUS FLARE RESPONSE INDUCED BY α-MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONE IN THE RABBIT EYES
Authors: Dyster-Aas K. , Krakau C. E. T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The aqueous flare response (AFR) to MSH is induced in an increasing percentage of animals with increasing age. The great variability of the responses and the fact that local administration of MSH is not more efficient with lower doses than by subcutaneous injection indicate that the AFR is a complex result in which general factors play a part. The analysis of the variation of the responses has led to a procedure for testing the effect of different preparations.
LACK OF AROMATISATION OF CIRCULATING DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE AND DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE IN AMENORRHOEIC WOMEN STIMULATED WITH HUMAN GONADOTROPHINS
Authors: Mancuso S. , Mancuso Francesca P. , Tillinger K.-G. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Two amenorrhoeic women were given a course of 10 injections of human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) in daily doses corresponding to 260 IU of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) activity and 165 IU of interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) activity. In both patients an extensive ovarian stimulation was observed as indicated by the greatly increased urinary excretion of oestrone, 17β-oestradiol and oestriol. When HMG-treatment was followed subsequently by the administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) for 5 days in a total dose of 18 000 and 30 000 IU, respectively, functional corpus luteum tissue was formed in both patients as evidenced by a huge rise in urinary pregnane-3α,20α-diol excretion and by the secretory transformation of a previously atrophic endometrium.
At the approximate height of the follicular phase tracer doses of 3H-labelled dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) and 14C-labelled dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) were administered to both patients in the form of a continuous intravenous infusion of 10 hours' duration. Infusion of the same dose was repeated under identical experimental conditions at the approximate height of the luteal phase.
In both patients, very little radioactive material was associated with oestrone and 17β-oestradiol and none with oestriol isolated from 96-hours' urine specimens obtained at both phases of ovarian stimulation.
It is concluded that — in contradistinction to the situation in pregnant women — circulating DHAS is not a significant precursor of urinary oestrogens in non-pregnant women.
METAMORPHOSIS AND NEUROSECRETION OF XENOPUS LAEVIS.
Authors: Rapola J. , Heinonen E.-L. , Helpinen A. , Henriques U. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metamorphic climax of Xenopus laevis tadpoles was inhibited by treatment with thiourea in a concentration of 0.1 per cent in aquarium water. After 1, 3, 4, 5 and 7 months, two tadpoles were killed and fixed, and another two transferred to thiourea-free water. When the last-mentioned tadpoles reached the height of metamorphic climax they were killed and fixed. Observations were made on the histology of the hypothalamo-pituitary neurosecretory apparatus at different time intervals before and after metamorphosis. The secretory activity of the cells in the praeoptic nuclei was estimated by counting the relative frequency of cells showing neurosecretion, as well as the nuclear volume of the cells in the praeoptic nuclei.
Prolonged treatment with thiourea did not alter the gross morphology of the hypothalamic neurosecretory system. When the tadpoles were allowed to metamorphose by withdrawing the thiourea, the number and the nuclear volume of the cells showing neurosecretion increased in the praeoptic nuclei, thus suggesting augmented secretory activity.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE GOITROGENIC ACTION OF THYROXINE ADMINISTERED WITH PROPYLTHIOURACIL, METHIMAZOLE OR PERCHLORATE
Authors: Sellers E. A. , Schänbaum E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Several indices of thyroid and hypophysial function were measured in order to study the potentiating effect of small doses of thyroxine on thyroid growth induced by propylthiouracil, methimazole or perchlorate. Rats were fed chow (1.6 μg/g iodine) or Ken-L-Kibble (0.25 μg/g iodine) for a year or longer. Propylthiouracil (0.02 %), methimazole (0.01%) or perchlorate (1.25%) were added to both diets. One series of rats on chow and one on Ken-L-Kibble, with and without the goitrogens, received thyroxine (25 μg/100 g) in the diet, while another series did not. Although large goitres were produced by the three drugs, with or without thyroxine, increased sizes of goitres due to thyroxine were seen only in rats fed chow with propylthiouracil, and in rats fed Ken-L-Kibble with perchlorate. Wide variations in body and organ weights, food intake, metabolic rate, P. B. I., thyroid and pituitary histology and, in the Ken-L-Kibble group, in pituitary and serum thyrotrophin levels, were observed. It was concluded that the three goitrogenic drugs, administered in apparently equivalent dosage, in reality have widely differing effects and that their chronic effects cannot easily be compared, although all of them favour the formation of numerous small adenomata. However, it was concluded that the goitrogenic action of thyroxine is not limited to an interaction peculiar to propylthiouracil and seems to be mediated via an effect on adenohypophysis or higher centres.
URINARY VOLUME AND EXCRETION OF OESTROGENS IN LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: Timonen S. , Hirvonen E. , Sokkanen R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The relationship between urinary volume and oestrone, 17β-oestradiol and oestriol was studied initially within the range of spontaneous variation and subsequently with the aid of water loads and diuretics. The spontaneous variations in urinary output showed no definite correlation with the excretion of oestrogens, while massive hydration led to increased excretion. With hydrochlorothiazide a clear positive correlation was obtained. The authors regard the results as evidence in favour of the view that reabsorption of the above-mentioned oestrogens occurs in the region of the proximal tubules.
A SEARCH FOR PROGESTERONE IN HUMAN URINE
Authors: Drosdowsky Michael A. , Dessypris Athanasios , McNiven Neal L. , Dorfman Ralph I. , Gual Carlos 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The determination of testosterone in urine provides an easier means for the appreciation of androgenicity than plasma analysis. On this basis a search for progesterone in urine was made without success. Progesterone could not be detected by the gas chromatographic method used. This negative result was confirmed when progesterone-4-14C was injected intravenously and neither radioactive progesterone nor labelled 20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one and/or 20β-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one could be detected in the urine.
HORMONE EXCRETION PATTERNS DURING AND AFTER THE LONG-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
Authors: Loraine J. A. , Bell E. T. , Harkness R. A. , Mears Eleanor , Jackson Margaret C. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Hormone assay studies have been conducted in 5 women receiving long-term oral contraceptive therapy with progestogen-oestrogen mixtures and in one subject receiving a progestogen alone. The results, which confirmed those of a previous investigation, showed that pituitary inhibition was not produced in spite of long-term treatment and that, following withdrawal of medication, the cycles reverted to an ovulatory pattern. In at least two women the pattern of urinary steroid in the first cycle after treatment was atypical.
ISOLIERUNG VON OESTRON AUS ALLANTOISFLÜSSIGKEIT DER HOCHTRAGENDEN STUTE DURCH MIKROSUBLIMATION
Authors: Rommel Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In one of our previous papers we reported on the isolation of oestrone and oestradiol from different body fluids of domestic animals by microsublimation. The present publication deals with the isolation of oestrone (melting-point = 254.7° C) from the allantoic liquor of mares in advanced pregnancy.
MAXIMUM TUBULAR REABSORPTION CAPACITY OF GLUCOSE IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Vitelli A. , Cattaneo C. , Martini P. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and maximum tubular reabsorption of glucose (TmG) were measured in 24 cases of diabetes mellitus. The patients, who were of different ages, varied with regard to the severity and duration of the disease and 11 patients showed clinical and functional evidence of vascular disease. The GFR and TmG were diminished in almost 50 per cent of cases, and the diminution of the two factors was closely correlated. The incidence of these renal functional changes was almost the same in the group of diabetics with vascular disease as in the group without complications. The GFR and TmG were not correlated with the age of the patients or with the severity of diabetes, though these factors were to some extent correlated with the duration of the disease. No relationship was observed between the incidence of impairment of the renal function and sex.
The examinations carried out in this series of cases as well as in a number of normal subjects suggest various considerations with regard to the value of the various techniques which have been proposed for the measurement of the TmG.
FOETAL MORTALITY IN PREGNANCY OF DIABETICS
Authors: Pedersen Jørgen 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A series comprising 90 diabetic women with 99 pregnancies and 102 infants, from the 19 year period 1946–1964 has been analysed. The series includes all women whose first attendance in the department was at least 150 (150–250) days before the calculated term and who continued their pregnancy till the infants weighed 1000 g or more. There was a preponderance of severe cases.
The perinatal mortality was 14 deaths or 14 per cent; however, in 12 class-F cases there were 8 deaths, and in 90 non-F cases 6 deaths or 7 per cent. By comparison with the results of previous pregnancies in these women the series shows a very favourable progress in non-F cases. The new PBSP system of classification according to prognostically bad signs during pregnancy has been used and is of value. The PBSP complications seen were toxaemia and hyperpyretic pyelitis only.
In the 69 non-F cases also without any PBSP complication the foetal mortality was 4 per cent.
The investigation and treatment of latent and manifest urinary tract infection should be reinforced.
At present the therapeutic result in F cases is so poor that induced abortion and sterilisation should be advised more often.
INFLUENCE OF TESTOSTERONE ON THE SECRETION OF THYROTROPHIN IN THE RAT
Authors: van Rees G. P. , Noach E. L. , van Dieten J. A. M. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Castration of male rats decreases both pituitary and serum TSH-levels. Administration of testosterone propionate increases serum TSH-levels in castrated males, but its effect on pituitary TSH-content appears to be complex: whereas treatment with physiological amounts of testosterone prevents the decrease induced by castration, administration of high doses of testosterone results in low pituitary TSH-contents not unlike those seen in untreated castrated rats. Testosterone administered to thyroxine-maintained thyroidectomized rats had the same effects as mentioned above, but if thyroxine treatment was omitted, no effect of testosterone on pituitary and serum TSH-levels could be observed. It is thought that testosterone interferes with the effect of thyroid hormone on the secretion of TSH.
SOME EFFECTS OF PERCHLORATE ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF 131-IODIDE
Authors: Schönbaum E. , Sellers E. A. , Gill M.J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The distribution of an intraperitoneal dose of 131-iodide was studied in rats receiving perchlorate. The accumulation of radioactivity in the stomach, which occurred soon after injection in controls, was inhibited by perchlorate. Concurrent with this, radioactivity in blood was higher in perchlorate treated rats than in controls. After perchlorate, more radioactivity in kidney tissue and an elevated urinary excretion of the tracer was noted. After 24 hours, plasma radioactivity was lower in perchlorate treated rats than in controls. Increased renal excretion of 131I after perchlorate is, at least in part, due to higher blood radioactivity levels, probably because of decreased iodide space due to the action of perchlorate.
A STUDY OF THE IMMUNOLOGICAL DETERMINATION OF PITUITARY GONADOTROPHIN IN URINE
Authors: Hipkin L. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An antiserum to chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) has been studied in agar diffusion, haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition experiments.
The anti-HCG serum contained antibodies to inert urinary proteins and serum proteins as well as a »hormone-specific« antibody. Absorption of the anti-HCG serum with small amounts of inert urinary protein removed precipitins to non-hormonal protein, without altering the haemagglutinating titre of the antiserum. There was no difference between absorbed and unabsorbed anti-HCG serum in haemagglutination inhibition reactions with inert and gonadotrophic urinary extracts. When larger amounts of inert protein were used for absorption there was a fall in the haemagglutinating titre of the anti-serum but it was shown that this was due to removal of »hormone specific« antibodies.
Urinary extracts were obtained from patients with various endocrine disorders, from patients with normal pituitary and gonadal function and from menopausal subjects. The results of bioassay and immunoassay of these extracts were compared. It was found that many of the extracts, although potent in the immunoassay, were biologically inactive. It is concluded that a specific or non-specific reaction can occur between nonhormonal urinary proteins and the antihormone. The anti-HCG serum used in the present investigation, although successfully used for pregnancy diagnosis and HCG assay, was unsuitable for urinary gonadotrophin estimation in non-pregnant individuals.
BIOASSAY OF PREGNANT MARE SERUM GONADOTROPHIN BY THE CHICK-32P METHOD
Authors: Connell Gerald M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Data are presented illustrating the reliability of the chick-32P method for the assay of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMS). Experiments with treatments of 1.25 IU PMS to 20.00 IU PMS demonstrated the advantages of this assay method. The testis-32P uptake provided a more sensitive end-point as a measure of gonadotrophin activity than did gonad weight change.
OESTRIOL-3-GLUCOSIDURONATE, A MAJOR URINARY METABOLITE OF OESTRIOL AND OESTRIOL-16(17?)-GLUCOSIDURONATE
Authors: Goebelsmann U. , Sjöberg K. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestriol-16-14C (OE3-16-14C) was administered to a non-pregnant woman and oestriol-16-14C-16(17?)-glucosiduronate (OE3-16-14C-16(17?)Gl) to a pregnant woman and the urinary oestriol conjugates were isolated and identified.
More than 85 per cent of the radioactive material administered to the two subjects was excreted in the urine within 96 hours.
In both cases more than 16 per cent of the administered radioactive material was isolated and identified as oestriol-16-14C-3-glucosiduronate (OE3-16-14C-3Gl) and more than-70 per cent as OE3-16-14C-16(17?)Gl.
It is concluded that oestriol-3-glucosiduronate is a major urinary metabolite of both oestriol and oestriol-16(17?)-glucosiduronate.
EFFECTS OF CLOMIPHENE ON OESTRADIOL ALTERATIONS IN THYROXINE AND CORTISOL TRANSPORT IN MAN
Authors: Cushman Paul , Alter Sheldon , Hilton J. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Clomiphene, the ovulation stimulating agent, may act via 1) direct oestrogen-like action, 2) oestrogen antagonism, and/or 3) other mechanisms. The indirect effects of clomiphene alone and together with oestradiol were studied in an oestrogen sensitive system, i. e. the binding affinities of transcorten and thyroxine binding globulin for cortisol and thyroxine. In 7 normal males after treatment with 0.2 mg oestradiol alone for 7 days their mean triiodothyronine (T3) resin uptake ratios fell from 1.05 to 0.90 while their mean plasma cortisol rose to 25.9 from 14.2 mg/100 ml.
Two weeks later, the administration of 100 mg of clomiphene alone daily to 10 subjects had no effect on either T3 resin uptakes or cortisol. The addition of 0.2 mg of oestradiol to the continuing clomiphene regimen in 7 subjects resulted in 0.94 mean T3 resin uptake and a mean cortisol concentration of 22.3 mg/100 ml.
Changes were not significant compared to oestrogen alone (P < 0.20), but were different from control (P < 0.03), and clomiphene alone (P < 0.02). Since the T3 resin uptake and cortisol concentrations reflect plasma binding, these data suggest that clomiphene may not exert a major influence in this oestrogen sensitive system in man, and do not support the hypothesis that clomiphene acts solely to compete for tissue oestrogen receptor sites in man.