bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Überarbeitung von DIN 1053‐1:1996‐11 – Schon wieder eine neue Norm?
Authors: Jäger Wolfram 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIm November 1996 wurde die DIN 1053‐1:1996‐11 verabschiedet. Der Mauerwerksbau hat im Jahr 2004 mit der Vorlage der DIN 1053‐100 die Umstellung auf das semiprobabilistische Sicherheitskonzept in der Berechnung und Bemessung vorgenommen. Die bauaufsichtliche Einführung in den Bundesländern wurde mit der Aufnahme der Norm‐Fassung 2006‐08 in die Musterliste der Technischen Baubestimmungen im September 2006 eingeleitet [1]. Hinsichtlich der Baustoffe, Konstruktion und Ausführung gilt jedoch weiterhin DIN 1053‐1:1996‐11, die nach wie vor bauaufsichtlich eingeführt bleibt. Demnach können zur Zeit alternativ beide Bemessungsverfahren eingesetzt werden, sofern das gewünscht wird. Die Regeln für die Berechnung dürfen aber nicht kombiniert werden (Mischungsverbot). Die Mauerwerksbemessung muss derzeit also für alle Bauteile innerhalb eines Bauwerks entweder nach dem globalen Sicherheitskonzept (DIN 1053‐1) oder nach dem Teil sicherheitskonzept (DIN 1053‐100) erfolgen.Nach Abschluss der DIN 1053‐100 wurde dann die komplette Überarbeitung der DIN 1053‐1 forciert, um möglichst bald den unbefriedigenden Zustand beenden zu können, dass für Bemessung und Konstruktion zwei Normteile anzuwenden sind, die auf unterschiedlichen Sicherheitskonzepten beruhen. Bei der Überarbeitung der nationalen Norm soll neben der Berücksichtigung von neuesten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen eine größtmögliche Annäherung an die europäische Norm erfolgen. Ziel ist es dabei, eine praktikable Norm auf neuestem Stand der Technik und einen deutschen Standpunkt zum Eurocode 6 verfügbar zu haben. Damit soll dann die Arbeit an den Nationalen Anhängen zur europäischen Mauerwerksnorm abgeschlossen und notwendiger nderungs‐ oder Ergänzungsbedarf definiert werden.
EU‐Forschungsprojekt ESECMaSE – eine zusammenfassende Bewertung aus der Sicht der deutschen Mauerwerkindustrie – Stand Herbst 2008
Authors: Meyer Udo , González Antonio Caballero 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDas Projekt ESECMaSE zur Untersuchung der Schubtragfähigkeit von Mauerwerk wurde im Juni 2008 abgeschlossen. Über vier Jahre wurde die Schubtragfähigkeit von Mauerwerk grundlegend und umfassend untersucht. Obwohl bei weitem noch nicht alle Versuchsergebnisse in der möglichen und nötigen Tiefe bewertet werden konnten, soll der folgende Beitrag ein vorläufiges Fazit ziehen.
Acute effects of sildenafil on flow mediated dilatation and cardiovascular autonomic nerve function in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Stirban Alin , Laude Dominique , Elghozi Jean‐Luc , Sander Denise , Agelink Marcus W. , Hilz Max J. , Ziegler Dan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground Sildenafil, frequently used as on demand medication for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), has been suggested to improve endothelial function but also to alter blood pressure (BP) and induce sympathetic activation. In people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a high‐risk population, the safety profile and the effects on endothelial function of a maximal sildenafil dose (100 mg) have not been investigated and therefore constituted the aim of our study.Methods A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial using a single dose of 100 mg sildenafil or placebo has been conducted in 40 subjects with T2DM without known CVD. Haemodynamic parameters, flow mediated dilatation (FMD) in brachial artery, cardiovascular autonomic function tests and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were measured.Results Sixty minutes after administration of sildenafil but not placebo, a fall of supine systolic blood pressure (SBP) (−5.41 ± 1.87 vs. + 0.54 ± 1.71 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (−4.46 ± 1.13 vs. + 0.89 ± 0.94 mmHg), as well as orthostatic SBP (−7.41 ± 2.35 vs. + 0.94 ± 2.06 mmHg) and DBP (−5.65 ± 1.45 vs. + 1.76 ± 1.00 mmHg) during standing occurred, accompanied by an increase in heart rate (+1.98 ± 0.69 vs. − 2.42 ± 0.59 beats/min) (all p < 0.01 vs. placebo). Changes in BP to standing up, FMD, time domain and frequency domain indices of heart rate variability (HRV) and BRS were comparable between sildenafil and placebo.Conclusions Sildenafil administered at a maximum single dose to T2DM men results in a mild increase in heart rate and decrease in BP, but it induces neither an acute improvement of FMD nor any adverse effects on orthostatic BP regulation, HRV and BRS. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early insulin secretion failure leads to diabetes in Chinese subjects with impaired glucose regulation
Authors: Qian Lei , Xu Lihong , Wang Xiao , Fu Xuelian , Gu Yanyun , Lin Fan , Peng Yongde , Li Guo , Luo Min 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground Both beta‐cell dysfunction and decreased insulin sensitivity are involved in the pathogenesis of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG), while their relative contribution in the progression to type 2 diabetes still remains controversial. The aim of the present study is to clarify this process in Chinese subjects by using cross‐sectional method.Methods 2975 Chinese subjects were classified into: normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose regulations (IGR), and diabetes mellitus (DM) based on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The IGR group was sub‐classified as isolated IFG, isolated IGT and combined glucose intolerance (CGI). The DM group was sub‐classified as normal fasting plasma glucose and 2‐hour hyperglycemia (N0D2), fasting hyperglycemia and normal 2‐hour plasma glucose (D0N2), and both fasting and 2‐hour hyperglycemia (D0D2).Results As far as insulinogenic index (IGI) was concerned, there was no difference between IFG and IGT in either gender, however, HOMA2‐B% (homeostasis model assessment for beta‐cell function) of IGT was higher than that of IFG and CGI in both male and female (P < 0.05). In the diabetic sub‐groups, IGI of N0D2 was higher than that of D0N2, and both deteriorated compared with those of IGT and IFG, respectively. HOMA2‐B% of N0D2 was still higher than that of D0N2 and D0D2. No significant difference was detected in OGIS and HOMA2‐S% (homeostasis model assessment for insulin sensitivity) between IFG and IGT, and this was the case between N0D2 and D0N2. OGIS and HOMA‐IR of IGR sub‐groups were not different from those of their diabetic counterparts.Conclusion Failure of beta‐cell function might be the main reason for both IGT and IFG developing into diabetes instead of aggravated insulin resistance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between C‐reactive protein and pre‐diabetic status in a Chinese Han clinical population
Authors: Lin Jie , Zhang Muxun , Song Fangfang , Qin Jun , Wang Rui , Yao Ping , Ying Chenjiang , Hu Frank B. , Liu Liegang 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground C‐reactive protein (CRP) has been showed to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but whether CRP underlies glucose disorders in Asian people is still unclear, for they have much lower body mass index (BMI) levels than these Westerns in previous studies.Method In this clinical‐based cross‐sectional study, the association between CRP and hyperglycaemia in different BMI levels and different gender was compared among 1730 Chinese Han men and women, including 1258 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 126 subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and 346 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Subjects with isolated IFG or IGT were all newly diagnosed and did not use anti‐diabetic drugs.Results Compared with subjects with NGT, BMI, fasting blood glucose, homoeostatis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and serum CRP levels were increased in subjects with IGT and IFG. In stratified analyses, increasing CRP levels were strongly associated with prevalence of IGT and IFG in different BMI strata. After adjustment for sex, age, BMI, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, hypertension status, recreational physical activity and occupational physical activity, the ORs across quartiles of CRP were 1.00, 1.43, 2.14 and 2.29 for IFG (P for trend: 0.025) and 1.00, 1.85, 2.32 and 2.79 for IGT (P for trend: 0.012).Conclusion These results support the hypothesis that chronic inflammation may be involved in the development of hyperglycaemia, even though in a thinner and healthy population. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A transgenic mouse that reveals cell shape and arrangement during ureteric bud branching
Authors: Chi Xuan , Hadjantonakis Anna‐Katerina , Wu Zaiqi , Hyink Deborah , Costantini Frank 
Published: December 2008

AbstractUnderstanding the cellular events that underlie epithelial morphogenesis is a key problem in developmental biology. Here, we describe a new transgenic mouse line that makes it possible to visualize individual cells specifically in the Wolffian duct and ureteric bud, the epithelial structures that give rise to the collecting system of the kidney. myr‐Venus, a membrane‐associated form of the fluorescent protein Venus, was expressed in the ureteric bud lineage under the control of the Hoxb7 promoter. In Hoxb7/myr‐Venus mice, the outlines of all Wolffian duct and ureteric bud epithelial cells are strongly labeled at all stages of urogenital development, allowing the shapes and arrangements of individual cells to be readily observed by confocal microscopy of freshly excised or cultured kidneys. This strain should be extremely useful for studies of cell behavior during ureteric bud branching morphogenesis in wild type and mutant mouse lines. genesis 47:61–66, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ethnic origins of patients attending specialist eating disorders services in a multiethnic urban catchment area in the United Kingdom
Authors: Waller Glenn , Schmidt Ulrike , Treasure Janet , Emanuelli Francesca , Alenya Joana , Crockett Jo , Murray Katie 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveThis study considered the impact of ethnicity on the referral process for patients with eating disorders, at the levels of referral rate, diagnosis, and treatment offered.MethodA catchment area cohort of 648 patients was referred and assessed at specialist eating disorders services in a multiethnic urban area (all boroughs in South London, UK). Each patient was diagnosed and offered treatment (or an alternative appropriate end‐point to the referral), and self‐identified their ethnicity. For comparison purposes, the local ethnic minority population was taken from census data.ResultsEthnic minority patients were substantially less likely to be referred to the services than white patients, relative to the local population. The ethnic minority group were more likely to suffer from bulimia nervosa, and less likely to be found to have no eating disorder. However, the treatments offered did not differ substantially across the ethnic groups.DiscussionReferrals to specialist eating disorder services do not reflect local populations' ethnic composition, though this disparity seems to be less by the time that the patient is offered treatment. It will be important to determine the source of these ethnic differences, and to take steps to reduce them. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord, 2009
Attitudes toward weight gain during pregnancy: Results from the Norwegian mother and child cohort study (MoBa)
Authors: Swann Rebecca A. , Von Holle Ann , Torgersen Leila , Gendall Kelly , Reichborn‐Kjennerud Ted , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo explore attitudes toward weight gain during pregnancy in women with and without eating disorders and across eating disorder subtypes, and to examine associations among weight‐gain attitudes and actual gestational weight gain, infant birth weight, and infant size‐for‐gestational‐age.MethodPregnant women (35,929) enrolled in the prospective population‐based Norwegian mother and child cohort study (MoBa) provided information at approximately week 18 of gestation regarding eating disorders and weight gain attitudes. We explored these variables in women with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, eating disorder not otherwise specified, purging type, and binge eating disorder (BED).ResultsThe presence of an eating disorderly was associated with greater worry over gestational weight gain. In women without eating disorders, greater worry was associated with higher gestational weight gain, higher infant weights, greater likelihood of a large‐for‐gestational‐age infant, and reduced likelihood of a small‐for‐gestational‐age infant. Women with BED who reported greater worry also experienced higher weight gains during pregnancy.DiscussionWomen with eating disorders tend to experience weight‐gain‐related worry during pregnancy. Early worry about gestational weight‐gain may be a harbinger of high gestational gain. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord, 2009
Body dissatisfaction and the effects of perceptual exposure on body norms and ideals
Authors: Glauert Rebecca , Rhodes Gillian , Byrne Sue , Fink Bernhard , Grammer Karl 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective:Body dissatisfaction is of high prevalence among women all over the Western world. It is often suggested that sociocultural processes are the main cause of such widespread dissatisfaction. Here, we consider how perceptual effects may influence ideas of body normality and body ideals.Method:Women who varied on a measure of body dissatisfaction rated a range of bodies for how normal and ideal they looked. They were exposed to either thin or fat bodies, and then they rerated the bodies.Results:Women's perceptions of body normality and ideal were easily malleable by exposure. In addition, greater body dissatisfaction and internalization of the thin Western ideal were related to (i) a smaller most normal and ideal body, (ii) a greater discrepancy between the most normal and most ideal‐rated body, and (iii) a reduced effect of exposure to fat bodies.Discussion:Reduced updating of perceptions of body normality and body ideals in response to experience may be one mechanism that maintains body dissatisfaction. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord, 2009
Binge drinking in women at risk for developing eating disorders
Authors: Khaylis Anna , Trockel Mickey , Taylor C. Barr 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective:To determine binge drinking rates in college‐age women at risk for eating disorders and to examine factors related to binge drinking over time.Method:Participants were 480 college‐age women who were at high risk for developing an eating disorder (ED) and who had a body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 32. Participants were assessed annually for 4 years.Results:Participants reported high rates of binge drinking and frequent binge drinking throughout college. Binge drinking was positively correlated with dietary restraint, coping using substances, coping using denial, and life events.Discussion:The study's findings suggest that binge drinking is highly prevalent in women at high risk for developing eating disorders. Results also indicated that binge drinking was related to dieting and maladaptive coping patterns. Intervention for women with strong weight and shape concerns should also address problematic alcohol use. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord, 2009
Ecohydrological interactions within banded vegetation in the northeastern Chihuahuan Desert, USA
Authors: McDonald Alyson K. , Kinucan Robert J. , Loomis Lynn E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLandscape patterns, consisting of alternating densely vegetated bands and sparsely vegetated interbands, occur in semi‐arid and arid regions of Africa, Asia, Australia and North America. The structure of vegetation patterns has been well documented, but a wide array of underlying environmental factors and ecological processes have been suggested, with no consensus regarding the genesis and persistence of these patterns. The purpose of this study was to assess ecohydrological interactions within this banded pattern by quantifying reallocation of rainfall and soil sediments. Even subtle redistribution impacted plant biomass production and species composition. Although runoff losses from interbands accounted for only 4% total rainfall, reallocation supported tree species and bunchgrasses that would not be sustained if precipitation were evenly distributed. Additionally, a rainfall threshold was identified. When storm totals exceeded 16 mm, even the densely vegetated bands were unable to capture all the rainfall and run‐on from the upslope sodgrass interbands; a portion of the runoff from interbands flowed through the vegetated bands and continued downslope into the next interband. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transition Metal Complexes of N‐Heterocyclic Germylenes (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2/2009)
Authors: Ullah Farman , Kühl Olaf , Bajor Gabor , Veszprémi Tamas , Jones Peter G. , Heinicke Joachim 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe cover picture shows the X‐ray crystal structures of new benzo‐anellated N‐heterocyclic germylene complexes with nickel(0) and molybdenum(0). The low bathochromic shift of the valence vibration of CO in the trans position of the germylene ligands of fac‐(bnNHGe)3Mo(CO)3 indicates weak donor properties, the relatively short Mo–GeII bonds indicate stabilization by back‐bonding. The ligand properties contrast strongly with those of the homologous N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand (bnNHC) because of the different electronic structures, which can also be recognised from the photoelectron spectrum of the germylene ligand. The GeII electron lone pair is bound firmly, and according to quantum chemical calculations represents only the third band, whereas in bnNHC the lone electron pair is the HOMO. The extreme air and moisture sensitivity of the NHGe complexes is in sharp contrast with the background, depicting the Baltic Sea with the small island Greifswalder Oie at the seaside entrance to the site of one of the oldest universities in northern Europe. Details are discussed in the article by T. Veszprémi, J. Heinicke et al. on p. 221 ff. We thank Prof. Dr. Martin Köckerling (Rostock) and Dr. Lutz Wolf (Kahla) for support in designing this picture.
Phospholipid lipidomics in health and disease
Authors: Postle Anthony D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPhospholipid compositions are regulatedin vivoby a combination of nutrition and phenotypic expression, and these compositions are characteristic of different cell types and organs. Advances in analytical methods, particularly electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry, now permit the detailed analysis of phospholipid compositions in terms of individual molecular species rather than just as phospholipid fatty acids. This review will highlight the currently available methods for phospholipid lipidomics and outline their variation both in normal physiological function and in a variety of pathologies.
A Diversity‐Oriented Approach to Diphenylalkanes by Strategic Utilization of [2+2+2] Cyclotrimerization, Cross‐Enyne Metathesis and Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Khedkar Priti 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA novel and efficient approach towards the synthesis of polysubstituted diphenylalkane derivatives have been demonstrated using a strategic combination of [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization, ethylene cross‐enyne metathesis and Diels–Alder reaction as key steps. The strategy involves the stepwise functionalization of acetylenic termini of α,ω‐diyne scaffold to build functionalized aromatic units.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Determining the number of manual measurements required to improve peat thickness estimations by ground penetrating radar
Authors: Rosa E. , Larocque M. , Pellerin S. , Gagné S. , Fournier B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGround penetrating radar (GPR) is often used for investigating peat thickness. The quality of GPR measurements depends on electromagnetic wave (EMW) velocity estimates. The objective of this study is to determine the number of manual measurements required to minimize EMW velocity error in peatlands. A total of 175 manually measured peat thicknesses are used with a depth‐to‐target method to assess EMW velocity in two southern Quebec peatlands. Mean measured EMW velocities are 0·040 and 0·039 m ns–1 with standard deviations of 0·013 and 0·008 m ns–1. Statistical analyses show that at least 30 calibration points are required to minimize the EMW velocity error, regardless of the geological setting. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ophiolite‐bearing mélanges in southern Italy
Authors: Tortorici Luigi , Catalano Stefano , Monaco Carmelo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn southern Italy two ophiolite‐bearing belts, respectively involved in the Adria‐verging southern Apennines and in the Europe‐verging thrust belt of the northern Calabrian Arc, represent the southward extension of the northern Apennines and of ‘Alpine Corsica’ ophiolitic units, respectively. They form two distinct suture zones, which are characterized by different age of emplacement and opposite sense of tectonic transport. The ophiolite‐bearing units of the southern Apennines are represented by broken formation and tectonic mélange associated with remnants of a well‐developed accretionary wedge emplaced on top of the Adria continental margin, with an overall NE direction of tectonic transport. These units consist of a Cretaceous‐Oligocene matrix, which includes blocks of continental‐type rocks and ophiolites with remnants of their original Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous pelagic cover. The innermost portion of the accretionary wedge is represented by a polymetamorphosed and polydeformed tectonic units that underwent a Late Oligocene high pressure/low temperature (HP/LT) metamorphism. The northern Calabria ophiolitic‐belt is indeed composed of west‐verging tectonic slices of oceanic rocks which, embedded between platform carbonate units of a western continental margin at the bottom and the basement crystalline nappes of the Calabrian Arc at the top, are affected by a Late Eocene‐Early Oligocene HP/LT metamorphism. The main tectonic features of these two suture zones suggest that they can be interpreted as the result of the closure of two branches of the western Neotethys separated by a continental block that includes the crystalline basement rocks of the Calabrian Arc. We thus suggest that the north‐east verging southern Apennine suture constituted by a well‐developed accretionary wedge is the result of the closure of a large Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous oceanic domain (the Ligurian Ocean) located between the African (the Adria Block) and European continental margins. The northern Calabria suture derives indeed from the deformation of a very narrow oceanic‐floored basin developed during the Mesozoic rifting stages within the European margin separating a small continental ribbon (Calabrian Block) from the main continent. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.