bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Information Frictions Within Regulators: Evidence from Workplace Safety Violations
Authors: RAGHUNANDAN ANEESH , RUCHTI THOMAS G. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThe Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is decentralized, wherein field offices coordinated at the state level undertake inspections. We study whether this structure can lead to interstate frictions in sharing information and how this impacts firms’ compliance with workplace safety laws. We find that firms caught violating in one state subsequently violate less in that state but violate more in other states. Despite this pattern, and in keeping with information frictions, violations in one state do not trigger proactive OSHA inspections in other states. Moreover, firms face lower monetary penalties when subsequent violations occur across state lines, likely due to the lack of documentation necessary to assess severe penalties. Finally, firms are more likely to shift violating behavior into states with greater information frictions. Our findings suggest that internal information within regulators impacts the likelihood and location of corporate misconduct.
Pediatric poisoning management: How clinical practice can benefit from forensic approach
Authors: Basilicata Pascale , Marisei Mariagrazia , Guadagni Rossella , Sibilio Michelina , Niola Massimo , Pieri Maria 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPediatric population represents the most vulnerable and at risk for unintentional poisoning, with children younger than 6 years old accounting for nearly half of poison exposures. Poisoning is a time‐dependent emergency. The need to reach a scientific agreement on diagnostic protocol and treatment seems to be crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. Starting from a buprenorphine pediatric intoxication case, this article highlights the limits and pitfalls of the traditional diagnostic approach. Diagnosis of drug intoxication was achieved after several days when an in‐depth diagnostic investigation became necessary and complete forensic toxicological analyses were performed. Results evidenced an alarming lack of an unequivocal diagnostic protocol in case of suspect intoxication in structures not provided with a forensic toxicological service/unit. Collection of biological specimens according to forensic protocols at hospitalization plays a paramount role in the definitive diagnosis of intoxication. A diagnostic algorithm that focuses on medical history and biological specimen collection timing is herein proposed, in order to unify emergency approaches to the suspected poisoned child.
Photoperiod‐regulated mitophagy in the germ cells of Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)
Authors: ZHAO Lijuan , CHEN Chunxiao , WANG Lewen , LIU Yan , GONG Fanglei , WANG Jingou , SUN Hong , WANG Dawei , WANG Zhenlong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotoperiod is a pivotal factor in affecting testicular function and spermatogenesis in seasonal‐breeding animals. Mitophagy is essential for spermatogenesis, but its association with seasonal photoperiods has not been studied extensively. To explore this, we exposed male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) to long‐photoperiod (LP, 16 h/day) and short‐photoperiod (SP, 8 h/day) conditions from their embryonic stages. Our results indicated that testis weight, volume, and relative testes weight were all significantly increased in LP compared to SP. Additionally, blood testosterone levels were markedly higher in LP than SP. Histological examination revealed that seminiferous diameter and epithelium thickness were greater in LP, with an increased abundance of germ cell types and cell numbers compared to SP. RT‐qPCR analysis showed that mitophagy‐promoting genes, such as Pink1, Prkn, Tomm7, Mnf2, Lc3, Optn, Gabarap, and Nbr1 were all upregulated in LP. Fluorescence in situ hybridization indicated that Pink1 expression was present in spermatogonia in SP, while in LP, Pink1 expression extended to almost all germ cell types with significantly higher mean optical density. Prkn expression was found in all germ cell types in both LP and SP, with a significantly higher mean optical density of 10‐week‐old LP males. Transmission electron microscopy showed normal mitochondrial morphology with clear membranes in SP, while the LP group had reduced cristae in mitochondria and damaged mitochondria undergoing autophagy. This study suggests that mitophagy may be involved in the photoperiodic spermatogenesis in Brandt's voles, providing insights into the role of photoperiod in seasonal reproduction in wild animals.
Dynamic mucus secretion in ventral surfaces of toe pads of the tree frog (Dryophytes japonica)
Authors: SEOL Jae‐Uk , PARK Jung Su , LIM Jae‐Hong , HWANG Hyeon Su , KIM Eun‐Bin , KIM Seob‐Gu , PARK Jae‐Il , SUNG Ha‐Cheol , KIM Joon Heon , KIM Eung‐Sam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe tree frog is a prominent amphibian among terrestrial vertebrates known for its ability to adhere to various surfaces through the capillary forces of water in the microchannels between micropillars on its disc‐shaped toe pads, a phenomenon known as wet adhesion. However, the secretion pattern of mucus on the attachment surface of living tree frog toe pads and the distribution of active mucus pores (AMPs) have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we utilized synchrotron X‐ray micro‐computed tomography and interference reflection microscopy to obtain the spatial distribution of the entire population of ventral mucus glands on the toe pads of living tree frogs and the real‐time mucus secretion patterns from the ventral mucus pores on the contact surface under different environmental conditions. We observed that the number and secretion frequency of AMPs on the toe pad are regulated according to environmental conditions. Such dynamic mucus secretion on the tree frog's toe pad could contribute to the understanding of capillary force regulation for wet adhesion and the development of adhesive surfaces by mimicking the mucus‐secreting toe pad.
Microstructural and physicochemical quality maintenance in green bell pepper infected with Botrytis cinerea and treated with thyme essential oil combined with carnauba wax
Authors: López‐Velázquez Jordi G. , Barraza‐López Francisco J. , Vega‐García Misael O. , López‐López Martha E. , Gutiérrez‐Dorado Roberto , Chaidez‐Gastelum Diana C. , Ayón‐Reyna Lidia E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBell pepper presents rapid weight loss and is highly susceptible to gray mold caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. The most employed method to control this disease is the application of synthetic fungicides such as thiabendazole (TBZ); however, its continued use causes resistance in fungi as well as environmental problems. For these reasons, natural alternatives arise as a more striking option. Currently, bell pepper fruits are coated with carnauba wax (CW) to prevent weight loss and improve appearance. Moreover, CW can be used as a carrier to incorporate essential oils, and previous studies have shown that thyme essential oil (TEO) is highly effective against B. cinerea. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of CW combined with TEO on the development of gray mold and maintenance of microestructural and postharvest quality in bell pepper stored at 13°C. The minimal inhibitory concentration of TEO was 0.5%. TEO and TBZ provoked the leakage of intracellular components. TEO and CW + TEO treatments were equally effective to inhibit the development of gray mold. On the quality parameters, firmness and weight loss were ameliorated with CW and CW + TEO treatments; whereas lightness increased in these treatments. The structural analysis showed that CW + TEO treatment maintained the cell structure reducing the apparition of deformities. The results suggest that CW + TEO treatment could be used as a natural and effective antifungal retarding the appearance of gray mold and maintaining the postharvest quality of bell pepper.Practical ApplicationCW and TEO are classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This combination can be employed on the bell pepper packaging system to extend shelf life and oppose gray mold developments. Bell pepper fruits are normally coated with lipid‐base coatings such as CW before commercialization; therefore, TEO addition would represent a small investment without any changes on the packaging system infrastructure.
Efficacy of exclusive enteral nutrition on the mucosal healing of different gastrointestinal segments in children with Crohn's disease
Authors: Tang Wen Juan , Shi Peng , Xia Hai Jiao , Wu Jie , Wang Yu Huan , Huang Ying 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between disease location and segmental mucosal healing (SMH) following exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in children with Crohn's disease (CD).MethodsTreatment‐naive pediatric patients with endoscopically active CD treated with EEN alone as induction therapy were retrospectively enrolled from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2022. The simple endoscopic score for CD (SES‐CD) was employed to score disease activity in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract (esophagus, stomach, duodenum), rectum, left colon, transverse colon, right colon, and terminal ileum. While the Lewis score assessed that of the small bowel from the jejunum to the proximal ileum (except the terminal ileum). The variation in the total scores for each segment and SES‐CD subscores for each ileocolonic segment from baseline to 1 year after EEN therapy and the segmental endoscopic outcomes and potential predictors associated with SMH for the segments scored by SES‐CD were evaluated.ResultsOverall, 82 children with CD were enrolled. Except for the upper GI segment, scores in other segments declined significantly from baseline to EEN completion (all P < 0.001). We analyzed 486 segments (79, 80, 81, 82, 82 and 82 from upper GI tract, terminal ileum, right colon, transverse colon, left colon, and rectum) and found that the segmental SES‐CD at baseline (odds ratio [OR] 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55–0.70, P < 0.001) and upper GI location (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.11–0.55, P = 0.001) were associated with SMH at EEN completion.ConclusionDisease location of the upper GI segment in pediatric CD was associated with SMH following EEN therapy.
Alcohol use disorder and risk of specific methods of suicide death in a national cohort
Authors: Edwards Alexis C. , Abrahamsson Linda , Crump Casey , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is among the strongest correlates of suicide death, but it is unclear whether AUD status is differentially associated with risk of suicide by particular methods.MethodsThe authors used competing risks models to evaluate the association between AUD status and risk of suicide by poisoning, suffocation, drowning, firearm, instruments, jumping, or other means in a large Swedish cohort born 1932–1995 (total N = 6,581,827; 48.8% female). Data were derived from Swedish national registers, including the Cause of Death Register and a range of medical registers.ResultsAfter adjusting for sociodemographic factors and familial liability to suicidal behavior, AUD was positively associated with risk of suicide for each method evaluated (cumulative incidence differences: 0.006–1.040 for females, 0.046–0.680 for males), except the association with firearm suicide in females. AUD was most strongly associated with risk of suicide by poisoning. Sex differences in the effects of AUD and family liability were observed for some, but not all, methods. Furthermore, high familial liability for suicidal behavior exacerbated AUD's impact on risk for suicide by poisoning (both sexes) and suffocation and jumping (males only), while the inverse interaction was observed for firearm suicide (males only).ConclusionsAUD increases risk of suicide by all methods examined and is particularly potent with respect to risk of suicide by poisoning. Differences in risk related to sex and familial liability to suicidal behavior underscore AUD's nuanced role in suicide risk. Future research should investigate targeted means restriction effectiveness among persons with AUD.
Predation event and shelter site use by a threatened monitor lizard, Varanus rosenbergi, in the Little Desert, Victoria
Authors: Westaway Dylan M. , Thorpe Mirinda , Hosking Iestyn 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHeath monitors (Varanus rosenbergi) are arguably the most thoroughly studied Australian varanid, largely stemming from long‐term research on Kangaroo Island, South Australia. However, research on other populations within this species' disjunct distribution is limited. We opportunistically tracked a heath monitor in the Little Desert National Park, Victoria, after it consumed a painted dragon (Ctenophorus pictus) which we were radiotracking for another study. We report the first record of a heath monitor depredating a painted dragon, as well as the first record of heath monitors repeatedly using a hollow log for shelter. The hollow log was occupied on 10 consecutive occasions over 18 days, and then again on five occasions 9–11 months later. Our observations identify hollow logs as a habitat resource which should be considered in conservation strategies for this threatened monitor lizard. Furthermore, we observed two individuals in close proximity, possibly a breeding pair, in January. This implies that breeding may occur in summer for the Victorian mallee population, as has been reported in other populations, rather than in spring as has been speculated. Research is sorely needed across this species' disjunct distribution across southern Australia. To date, populations of heath monitors in the Victorian mallee have garnered no scientific study, despite their listing as Critically Endangered.
Review article: Telecare in gastroenterology—Within the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Hakak Fatima , Patel Rajan N. , Gearry Richard B. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryBackgroundTelehealth is a growing model of care, greatly accelerated with the demands of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Telecare is a synchronous audio‐visual or audio‐only format of health delivery.AimsTo evaluate the existing literature on telecare within adult gastroenterology subspecialties to determine if outcomes are comparable to traditional in‐person consultations and to highlight the Pokapū Network, a local initiative in the Lakes Region of New Zealand, amongst these international findings.MethodsWe completed an OVID MEDLINE search using the terms gastroenterology, endoscopy, digestive system, inflammatory bowel disease, functional, hepatology, liver, telemedicine, telehealth, videoconferencing, remote consultation, video clinic and telephone clinic.ResultsPatients showed positive attitudes towards telecare and, in several reports, would elect to have telecare consults in the future. Telecare reduces travel time and out‐of‐pocket costs for patients and the need for patients to take time off work. Generally, patients engaging with telecare show equivalent health outcomes to patients engaging with traditional models of care. Patients from ethnic minority groups or lower socio‐economic backgrounds, or who are older, are less likely to complete a ‘successful’ telecare consult.ConclusionTelecare is a useful model of care to allow gastroenterology centres to function within the context of COVID‐19 isolation and beyond. It has significant benefits for patients who face geographical and financial barriers to accessing healthcare. Telecare models such as the Pokapū Network hold promise in reducing inequities for gastroenterology patients. Such models must be introduced with consideration of digital disparities that exist amongst patients to avoid worsening the digital divide.
Stigma salience increases loneliness among ethnic minorities
Authors: Doyle David Matthew , Barreto Manuela 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResearch shows that ethnic minorities are at increased risk of loneliness compared to the general population of the United Kingdom. We hypothesized that stigma salience increases loneliness among ethnic minorities, conducting two experimental studies with ethnic minorities (Study 1: N = 134, Study 2: N = 267) in which participants were randomly assigned to a stigma salience (recalling a personal experience of discrimination based on ethnicity) or control condition (recalling a past meal in Study 1 and the experience of reading a book in Study 2). Across these two studies, we demonstrated that stigma salience consistently increased self‐reported loneliness relative to the control conditions. Study 1 additionally showed evidence for an indirect effect of stigma salience on loneliness through feelings of anxiety. Study 2 replicated the effect of self‐relevant (but not non‐self‐relevant) stigma salience on loneliness and provided suggestive evidence for a more specific indirect effect through identity‐related social anxiety.
Frontiers of public service motivation research in Canada: A scoping review
Authors: Wranik Wiesława Dominika , McPherson Michelle , Caron Isabelle , Liu Huiyan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Canadian public sector employs around one‐fifth of Canadian workers; they are responsible for policy making, stewarding public funds, and serving the public. Canadian governments struggle with job satisfaction, engagement, retention, and turnover, all of which may be associated with public service motivation (PSM). We conducted a scoping review of Canadian PSM research to synthesize what is known about these associations in the Canadian context. We identified 24 published studies and four works in progress. These demonstrate that PSM exists among Canadian public servants from the early stages of their career until later stages, and that PSM bolsters attraction to public sector work among students. No studies measured PSM among Canadian public servants using a validated instrument. Further research about the contributions of PSM to the quality of Canadian public services and how employers can nurture PSM is recommended, particularly given recent changes in work environments.
Long noncoding RNATUG1 promotes cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer via upregulation of DNA polymerase eta
Authors: Sonobe Ryosuke , Yang Peng , Suzuki Miho M. , Shinjo Keiko , Iijima Kenta , Nishiyama Nobuhiro , Miyata Kanjiro , Kataoka Kazunori , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Kondo Yutaka 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChemoresistance is a major cause of high mortality and poor survival in patients with ovarian cancer (OVCA). Understanding the mechanisms of chemoresistance is urgently required to develop effective therapeutic approaches to OVCA. Here, we show that expression of the long noncoding RNA, taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1), is markedly upregulated in samples from OVCA patients who developed resistance to primary platinum‐based therapy. Depletion of TUG1 increased sensitivity to cisplatin in the OVCA cell lines, SKOV3 and KURAMOCHI. Combination therapy of cisplatin with antisense oligonucleotides targeting TUG1 coupled with a drug delivery system effectively relieved the tumor burden in xenograft mouse models. Mechanistically, TUG1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA by downregulating miR‐4687‐3p and miR‐6088, both of which target DNA polymerase eta (POLH), an enzyme required for translesion DNA synthesis. Overexpression of POLH reversed the effect of TUG1 depletion on cisplatin‐induced cytotoxicity. Our data suggest that TUG1 upregulation allows OVCA to tolerate DNA damage via upregulation of POLH; this provides a strong rationale for targeting TUG1 to overcome cisplatin resistance in OVCA.
Caregiver and parent–child relationship during COVID‐19: The mediator role of anxiety and life satisfaction
Authors: Ayran Gülsün , Çevik Özdemir Hamide Nur 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimThis research was conducted to evaluate the mediation effect of anxiety and life satisfaction on the relationship between Care burden and Parent Child Relationship in Turkish parents during the COVID‐19 epidemic.MethodsThe research was carried out with parents (221 women and 219 men) who have children between the ages of 6–18 living in Turkey. Data were collected in June–July 2021 using the demographic data form, “Care Burden Scale,” “Pervasive Anxiety Disorder‐7 Test,” “Satisfaction with Life Scale,” and “Parent Child Relationship Scale.” Path analysis was used to analyse the relationships. In this study, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to examine the path analysis.ResultsIt was found that the burden of care and anxiety of the parents and the parent–child conflict relationship were positively correlated and negatively correlated with the life satisfaction and parent–child closeness relationship (p < 0.05). Path model analyses revealed that the burden of care had a direct effect on anxiety and life satisfaction, and an indirect effect on the parent–child relationship, respectively.ConclusionsIt shows that parents' perceptions of how the COVID‐19 pandemic is affecting their mental health have implications for parent and child well‐being, with stronger relationships for low‐income families. Anxiety and life satisfaction had a mediating effect between care burden and parent–child relationship. Given the demonstrable impact of COVID‐19 on the parent–child relationship, this study may guide the planning of coping strategies and programmes focused on mental health.
A gender‐based violence prevention programme—Young people's participation and activism in Scotland
Authors: Lamb Eilidh , Young Neil , Ledgerwood Vicki , Berry Chloe , Young Leah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article presents a critical reflection from young people and youth workers on their participation in a gender‐based violence prevention programme implemented in Scotland. Authors have focussed their lens on the role of young people's peer education and activism, including using arts‐based methods to reflect on their work. The programme aimed to address the pervasive issue of gender‐based violence and empower young individuals to become agents of change within their communities. The implications of this study contribute to the broader discourse on gender‐based violence prevention and the role of young people in effecting social change.
Matrix stiffness regulates macrophage polarisation via the Piezo1‐YAP signalling axis
Authors: Mei Feng , Guo Yaru , Wang Yu , Zhou Yingying , Heng Boon Chin , Xie Mengru , Huang Xiaofei , Zhang Shihan , Ding Shuai , Liu Fangyong , Deng Xuliang , Chen Lili , Yang Cheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMacrophages play a pivotal role in the immunological cascade activated in response to biomedical implants, which predetermine acceptance or rejection of implants by the host via pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory polarisation states. The role of chemical signals in macrophage polarisation is well‐established, but how physical cues regulate macrophage function that may play a fundamental role in implant‐bone interface, remains poorly understood. Here we find that bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM) cultured on polyacrylamide gels of varying stiffness exhibit different polarisation states. BMDM are ‘primed’ to a pro‐inflammatory M1 phenotype on stiff substrates, while to an anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype on soft and medium stiffness substrates. It is further observed that matrix stiffening increases Piezo1 expression, as well as leads to subsequent activation of the mechanotransduction signalling effector YAP, thus favouring M1 polarisation whilst suppressing M2 polarisation. Moreover, upon treatment with YAP inhibitor, we successfully induce macrophage re‐polarisation to the M2 state within the implant site microenvironment, which in turn promotes implant osseointegration. Collectively, our present study thus characterises the critical role of the Piezo1‐YAP signalling axis in macrophage mechanosensing and stiffness‐mediated macrophage polarisation and provides cues for the design of immuno‐modulatory biomaterials that can regulate the macrophage phenotype.