bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Variations of Rainfall and Temperature in Northwestern Bangladesh Using Mann-Kendall Trend Test
Authors: Prodhan Md Mehedi Hasan , Islam Md. Bashirul , Rahman Sheikh Mokhlesur 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study utilized the Mann-Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope (SS) to investigate the trend in annual and monthly rainfall and maximum (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin) in the northwestern region of Bangladesh, encompassing six meteorological station data spanning the years 1982 to 2022, except for Sayedpur from 1991 to 2022. A serial correlation test was conducted on all the time series to assess the sequential interdependence among the data. A modified version of the MMKY test was applied for serially correlated data. For annual rainfall, a decreasing trend was observed at every station, but the result was significant (p < 0.01) only at the Rangpur and Dinajpur stations. An increasing trend in Tmax and Tmin was observed at every station; however, Tmin at Sayedpur station and Tmax at Bogra and Ishurdi stations showed insignificant (p > 0.05) trends. The rainfall decrease in Rangpur station (14.12 mm/year) was larger than in other stations. Tmin increased by 0.028, 0.024, 0.04, 0.025, 0.028, and 0.011 °C/year at Bogra, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Dinajpur, Ishurdi, and Sayedpur stations, respectively. Similarly, Tmax increased by 0.013, 0.02, 0.015, 0.021, 0.005, and 0.048 °C/year at Bogra, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Dinajpur, Ishurdi, and Sayedpur stations, respectively. Finally, the Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) was utilized to illustrate the temporal fluctuations in annual precipitation. The reduced rainfall and increasing temperatures accelerate water stress and hinder crop growth and yield. Therefore, the implementation of adaptation measures is necessary to ensure sustainable agricultural output in northwestern Bangladesh.
Machine-Learning Enhanced Prediction of Need for Hemorrhage Resuscitation after Trauma – The ShockMatrix Pilot Study
Authors: GAUSS TOBIAS , MOYER JEAN-DENIS , COLAS CLELIA , PICHON MANUEL , DELHAYE NATHALIE , WERNER MARIE , RAMONDA VERONIQUE , SEMPE THEOPHILE , MEDJKOUNE SOFIANE , JOSSE JULIE , JAMES ARTHUR , HARROIS ANATOLE , Group The Traumabase 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Importance:
Decision-making in trauma patients remains challenging and often result in deviation from guidelines. Machine-Learning (ML) enhanced decision-support could improve hemorrhage resuscitation.
Aim
To develop a ML enhanced decision support tool to predict Need for Hemorrhage Resuscitation (NHR) (part I) and test the collection of the predictor variables in real time in a smartphone app (part II).
Design, Setting, and Participants:
Development of a ML model from a registry to predict NHR relying exclusively on prehospital predictors. Several models and imputation techniques were tested. Assess the feasibility to collect the predictors of the model in a customized smartphone app during prealert and generate a prediction in four level-1 trauma centers to compare the predictions to the gestalt of the trauma leader.
Main Outcomes and Measures:
Part 1: Model output was NHR defined by 1) at least one RBC transfusion in resuscitation, 2) transfusion ≥ 4 RBC within 6 hours, 3) any hemorrhage control procedure within 6 hours or 4) death from hemorrhage within 24 hours. The performance metric was the F4-score and compared to reference scores (RED FLAG, ABC). In part 2, the model and clinician prediction were compared with Likelihood Ratios (LR).
Results
From 36325 eligible patients in the registry (Nov 2010 - May 2022), 28614 were included in the model development (Part 1). Median age was 36 [25–52], median ISS 13 [5–22], 3249/28614 (11%) corresponded to the definition of NHR. A XGBoost model with nine prehospital variables generated the best predictive performance for NHR according to the F4-score with a score of 0.76 [0.73–0.78]. Over a 3-month period (Aug - Oct 2022), 139 of 391 eligible patients were included in part II (38.5%), 22/139 with NHR. Clinician satisfaction was high, no workflow disruption observed and LRs comparable between the model and the clinicians.
Conclusions and Relevance:
The ShockMatrix pilot study developed a simple ML-enhanced NHR prediction tool demonstrating a comparable performance to clinical reference scores and clinicians. Collecting the predictor variables in real-time on prealert was feasible and caused no workflow disruption.
Comparative study of COVID-19 infection in renal transplant recipients and non transplant recipients
Authors: Pan Jianyong , lan Xiangyu , Peng Yuanzheng , Chen Weijun , Zheng Yitao , Liu Yongdong , Fu Yingxin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

To analyse the difference in COVID-19 infection between kidney transplant patients and non-transplant patients. We included post-transplant patients with COVID-19 infection who attended Shenzhen No. 3 Hospital from December 2022 to February 2023, and enrolled the general population with COVID-19 infection who were hospitalized during the same period, matched by age and gender. They were divided into Kidney Transplant Recipients group (KTR) (n=194) and Non-Kidney Transplant Recipients Group（NKTR）(n=516) and the basic information, clinical symptoms, laboratory data, treatments and outcomes of these two groups were compared. The proportion of the renal transplant population classified as severe and critical was 15.5%, which was significantly higher than that in NKTR group (P < 0.05); the proportion of patients with pneumonia was also significantly higher than that in NKTR group. The mean maximum fever temperature was slightly higher in the NKTR(P<0.001);Kidney transplant population having lower absolute lymphocyte counts on admission and 7 days after admission than the general population, with statistically significant differences（P<0.001, P＜0.001). The use of intravenous hormones was significantly higher (42.8% vs. 6.0%, p=0.000), as was the use of small molecules such as Azvudine and Paxlovid, compared to the general population. A total of 10 patients in the included population required ICU admission, all in the KTR group; six patients experienced death, also in the renal transplant group. Conclusion: Post-transplant COVID-19 infections are more severe and require hormonal and small molecule antiviral therapy, and the prognosis is worse than in the general population.
Trial registration
This study was approved and supervised by the ethics committee of the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen (approval number 2023-036-02) and firstly registered in 03/07/2023, registration number was NCT05926076.
The application value of age-adjusted Charlson and Elixhauser-vw comorbidity index in predicting the prognosis of patients undergoing heart valve surgery
Authors: Lv Xingping , Liu Xiaobin , Li Chen , Zhou Wei , Sheng Shuyue , Shen Yezhou , Shen Tuo , Ma Qimin , Ma Shaolin , Zhu Feng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective: Comparing the efficacy of the Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (ACCI) and the Elixhauser-vw Comorbidity Index (ECI-vw) in predicting mortality risk in patients undergoing heart valve surgery.
Methods: Utilizing R language for clinical data extraction from the INSPIRE Database and employing the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve to assess ACCI and ECI-vw with in-hospital all-cause mortality, as well as all-cause mortality within 7 and 28 days post-surgery in patients with heart valve disease. This study further identifies the optimal cutoff value and conducts subgroup analysis to validate their application efficacy.
Results: A total of 996 patients were included in the study, comprising 931 survivors and 65 cases of in-hospital all-cause mortality. Of these, 13 patients passed away within 7 days post-surgery, and 32 succumbed within 28 days post-surgery. The area under the curve (AUC) for ACCI in predicting in-hospital all-cause mortality was 0.658 (95% CI: 0.584, 0.732), while the AUC for ECI-vw in predicting the same outcome was 0.663 (95% CI: 0.584, 0.741). For predicting all-cause mortality within 7 days post-surgery, the AUC of ACCI was 0.680 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.56), and for ECI-vw, it was 0.532 (95% CI: 0.353, 0.712). Regarding the prediction of all-cause mortality within 28 days after surgery, the AUC for ACCI was 0.724 (95% CI: 0.622, 0.827), and for ECI-vw, it was 0.653 (95% CI: 0.538, 0.69). Patients were categorized into two groups based on the ACCI cutoff value of 3.5, including Group 1 (ACCI <3.5 points, 823 cases) and Group 2 (ACCI > 3.5 points, 173 cases). The overall survival rate for these two patient groups was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, revealing that the 28-day postoperative survival rate for patients in Group 1 was significantly higher than that for patients in Group 2 (P <0.0001).
Conclusions: ACCI demonstrates significant predictive value for in-hospital all-cause mortality within 28 days following cardiac valve disease surgery. Patients presenting with an ACCI greater than 3.5 exhibit an increased risk of mortality within 28 days post-surgery compared to those with an ACCI less than 3.5. This finding suggests that the ACCI can serve as a preliminary tool for assessing the prognosis of patients undergoing this type of surgical intervention.
In-Situ Monitoring and Origins of Increased Air Pollutants in the North Pacific Upper Troposphere: Insights from PGGM/IAGOS Carbon Monoxide Measurements aboard the China Airlines A340-300 Commercial Aircraft (July 2012 - February 2013)
Authors: Wang Kuo-Ying , Nedelec Philippe , Thouret Valerie , Clark Hannah , Wahner Andreas , Petzold Andreas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

This research focuses on regular in-situ measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) in the upper troposphere over the North Pacific. Utilizing the Pacific Greenhouse Gases Measurement (PGGM)/In-Service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) air-based measurement project, our study conducted measurements aboard a commercial Airbus A340-300 (B18806) operated by China Airlines (CAL). Data collection spanned from July 2012 to February 2013.Our findings indicate a discernible increase in anthropogenic CO pollution in the North Pacific upper troposphere from 1991 to 2012. Comparison with NASA aircraft missions from 1991, 1994, and 2001 further substantiates this rise. Elevated CO concentrations (> 160 ppbv) were prominent in the summer months of July and August, followed by September, while concentrations were lower (< 100 ppbv) from October 2012 to February 2013.The results underscore effective vertical transport of ground-level anthropogenic pollutants to the upper troposphere. HYSPLIT model calculations affirm that Asian industrial regions at ground level are the primary sources of CO pollution in the downwind areas of the North Pacific upper troposphere.This study enhances our understanding of temporal variations and sources of CO pollution in this specific region, utilizing routine in-situ measurements on commercial aircraft to contribute valuable insights to air quality and pollution transport dynamics.
Relationship between paraspinal muscle properties and bone mineral density based on QCT in patients with lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Li Ze , Chen Junrong , Yang Jian , Wang Ran , Wang Wenbin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
Increasing research suggests that paraspinal muscle fat infiltration may be a potential biological marker for the assessment of osteoporosis. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between lumbar paraspinal muscle properties on MRI and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) based on QCT in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH).
Methods
A total of 383 patients (aged 24–76 years, 193 females) with clinically and radiologically diagnosed LDH were enrolled in this retrospective study. The muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and the proton density fat fraction (PDFF) were measured for the multifidus (MF), erector spinae (ES) and psoas major (PS) at the central level of L3/4, L4/5 and L5/S1 on lumbar MRI. QCT was used to measure the vBMD of two vertebral bodies at L1 and L2 levels. Patients were divided into three groups based on their vBMD values: normal bone density group (> 120 mg/cm3), osteopenia group (80 to 120 mg/cm3) and osteoporosis group (< 80 mg/cm3). The differences in paraspinal muscle properties among three vBMD groups were tested by one-way ANOVA with post hoc analysis. The relationships between paraspinal muscle properties and vBMD were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients. Furthermore, the association between vBMD and paraspinal muscle properties was further evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis, with age and sex also included as predictors.
Results
Among the 383 LDH patients, 191 had normal bone density, 129 had osteopenia and 63 had osteoporosis. In LDH patients, compared to normal and osteopenia group, paraspinal muscle PDFF was significantly greater in osteoporosis group, while paraspinal muscle CSA was lower (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age and sex, it was found that MF PDFF and PS CSA were found to be independent factors influencing vBMD (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
In patients with LDH, paraspinal muscle properties measured by IDEAL-IQ sequence and lumbar MR scan were found to be related to vBMD. There was a correlation between the degree of paraspinal muscle PDFF and decreasing vBMD, as well as a decrease paraspinal muscle CSA with decreasing vBMD. These findings suggest that clinical management should consider offering tailored treatment options for patients with LDH based on these associations.
WITHDRAWN: Phthalate intake in Chinese homes and its contribution to total intake among children
Authors: Ataei Yeganeh , Sun Yuexia , Zhu Changqi , Zhao Yuxuan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Phthalate exposure may affect human health, with particular concerns for children. We measured the phthalates concentration in urine and settled dust samples taken from children’s bedroom. The phthalates particle and gas phases concentrations were calculated using equilibrium partitioning. The daily intakes of four phthalates namely di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) were estimated from concentration of urine metabolite and the corresponding indoor intake was extrapolated through three indoor environment exposure routes namely, dermal absorption, inhalation and ingestion in children aged 0–8 years old. The primary indoor intake routes of low-molecular-weight phthalates DnBP, DiBP, and DEP were found to be dermal absorption (with median value of 0.27, 0.20, and 0.019 µg/d/kg-bw, respectively), followed by inhalation (with median value of 0.24, 0.18, and 0.02 µg/d/kg-bw, respectively). For DEHP, a high molecular weight phthalate dust ingestion was the predominant route for indoor intake among the children (with median value of 0.13 µg/d/kg-bw). Our findings emphasised the significant contribution of indoor intake to total exposure levels for DnBP and DiBP (with median values of 77.5% and 39.6%, respectively). Furthermore, our study revealed that as age increased indoor phthalate intake decreased. In conclusion, the results suggested that indoor phthalates exposure played an important role when considering their intakes and the consequent health effects.
Comparing proximal and intrarenal venous flow values for renal prognosis in sepsis patients: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhao Hua , Lian Hui , Zhao Hua , Liu Dawei , Wang xiaoting 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of sepsis. While impaired renal venous reflux indicates renal congestion, the relationship between AKI outcomes and hemodynamic parameters remains debated. This study aimed to investigate the utility of renal venous flow patterns in various regions of septic patients and to explore the association between hemodynamic parameters and renal function prognosis.
Methods
In this single-center, prospective longitudinal study, adult sepsis patients diagnosed with AKI were enrolled. Renal ultrasonography was performed within 24 hours of ICU admission (D1), then repeated at D3 and D5. Patterns of proximal renal venous flow (PRVF) and intrarenal venous flow (IRVF) patterns were confirmed by two blinded sonographers. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate renal prognosis, and cumulative incidence curves were generated for renal function recovery time.
Results
The study included 96 septic patients. Inconsistencies between PRVF and IRVF patterns occurred in 31.9%, with PRVF patterns being more severe in 88% of these. A relatively strong correlation was observed between PRVF and CVP, but this trend was less evident in IRVF. Patients with a discontinuous monophasic PRVF pattern at admission had worse renal prognosis than those with other patterns. When grouped by IRVF pattern at admission, significant differences were found only between the discontinuous monophasic and continuous groups (P= 0.044). The 28-day renal prognosis was poorer in the PRVF 5-day non-improvement group compared to the 3‑day improvement group (P = 0.001) and 5-day improvement group (P = 0.012). Patients with a persistent monophasic PRVF pattern within 5 days had a worse prognosis than the non-monophasic group (P = 0.005).
Conclusion
Our study reveals that patterns of PRVF and IRVF are not entirely congruent, stepwise evaluation is useful in determining the intervention site for renal vein reflux disorders. A discontinuous monophasic PRVF pattern at admission was associated with a poorer renal prognosis. Early improvement in PRVF pattern is crucial for better renal function prognosis.
This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NTC06159010. Retrospectively registered 28 November 2023.
Retinal and choroidal efficacy of switching treatment to faricimab in recalcitrant neovascular age related macular degeneration
Authors: Eckardt Franziska , Lorger Anna , Klaas Julian Elias , Schworm Benedikt , Kreutzer Thomas , Priglinger Siegfried , Siedlecki Jakob 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of switching treatment to faricimab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) from other anti-VEGF agents. Fifty-eight eyes of fifty-one patients with nAMD and a full upload series of four faricimab injections were included. Demographic data, multimodal imaging and treatment parameters were recorded. The primary outcome measures were changes in central subfield thickness (CST) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT). A subgroup analysis was performed for eyes with prior ranibizumab (R) or aflibercept (A) treatment. Mean injection intervals before and after switching were comparable (33.8 ± 11.2 vs. 29.3 ± 2.6 days; p = 0.08). Mean CST of 361.4 ± 108.1 µm prior to switching decreased significantly to 318.3 ± 97.7 µm (p < 0.01) after the third faricimab injection, regardless of prior anti-VEGF treatment (p < 0.01). Although SFCT slightly improved for the whole cohort from 165.8 ± 76.8 µm to 161.0 ± 82,8 µm (p = 0.029), subgroup analysis did not confirm this positive effect (subgroup R: p = 0.604; subgroup A: p = 0.306). In patients with a suboptimal response to aflibercept or ranibizumab in nAMD, farcimab can improve CST and slightly improve or maintain SFCT. Further prospective randomized trials are warranted.
Sensing based on plasmon-induced transparency in H-shaped graphene-based metamaterials
Authors: Wu Xiongxiong , Chen Jiani , Wang Shaolong , Ren Yang , Yang Yanning 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Graphene can support surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in terahertz band and the graphene SPPs sensors are widely used in the field of terahertz micro- and nano-optical devices. In this paper, we propose an H-shaped graphene metasurface and use finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to investigate its generated plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) phenomenon. Our results show that the Fermi energy levels, as well as the certain shape parameters, can effectively modulate the PIT phenomenon of the proposed structure. Interestingly, changing some of these shape parameters can excite two dips into three. In terms of sensing performance, the maximum values of sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) are 1.4028 THz/RIU and 17.97, respectively. These findings offer valuable guidance for the use of terahertz micro-nano optical graphene SPPs sensors.
Case Report:The Combination of Surgical and Pharmacological Treatment for Basal Ganglia Cryptococcal Meningitis
Authors: Li Menghui , Chen Ping , Li Dong-Yue , Chen Ke-En , Liao Jian-Cheng , Zheng Xiao-Yu , Zhang Mao-Ying 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
To summarize the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and therapy of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) individuals.
Methods
Broad literature research has been conducted as well as the author’s own clinical experienced has been reviewed.
Results
Articles from the most recent 30 years have been collected while a typical case of our own has been presented. A total of 339 literatures were retrieved from PubMed database, and the inclusion criteria were as follows :1. Patients diagnosed with intracranial cryptococcal infection 2. Exclusion criteria for patients treated with drugs, surgery, or a combination of both: Patients who have died before receiving any treatment.Based on the most updated evidence, the combined therapy of surgery and pharmacology of CM has been proposed.
Conclusion
For patients who suffered from CM are untreated, the mortality rate is 100%. Even after some treatment, the mortality rate remains from 20%-60%. The early symptoms of CM often include fever, headache, nausea, or vomiting, some of them are accompanied with fatigue in the lower limps. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) gram stain or the pathological analysis of brain tissue is highly specific for diagnosis, while head CT and MRI also play a supportive role in it. The first attempt of clinical treatment for CM, which is often caused by the immunodeficiency, is through pharmacological therapy. Surgical management mainly includes cerebrospinal fluid drainage and excision of the lesion to reduce the encephaledema. Both therapies have their own pros and cons.
Whole genome sequencing reveals differences in the genetic landscape of interval and screen-detected breast cancer
Authors: Houlston Richard , Mills Charlie , Sud Amit , Everall Andrew , Chubb Daniel , Lawrence Samuel , Kinnersley Ben , Cornish Alex , Bentham Robert 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Interval breast cancers (IBCs) are cancers diagnosed between screening episodes. Understanding the biological differences between IBCs and screen-detected breast-cancers (SDBCs) has the potential to improve mammographic screening and patient management. We analysed and compared the genomic landscape of 288 IBCs and 473 SDBCs by whole genome sequencing of paired tumour-normal patient samples collected as part of the UK 100,000 Genomes Project. Compared to SDBCs, IBCs were more likely to be lobular, higher grade, and triple negative. A more aggressive clinical phenotype was reflected in IBCs displaying features of genomic instability including a higher mutation rate and number of chromosomal structural abnormalities, defective homologous recombination and TP53 mutations. We did not however, find evidence to indicate that IBCs are associated with a different immune response. While IBCs do not represent a unique molecular class of invasive breast cancer they exhibit a more aggressive phenotype, which is likely to be a consequence of the timing of tumour initiation. This information is relevant both with respect to treatment as well as defining the screening interval for mammography.