bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Homobrassinolide Application on Metabolic Activity and Grain Yield of Wheat under Normal and Water‐Stress Condition
Authors: Sairam R. K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractActivities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase along with rate of photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, soluble protein, relative water content, transpiration and diffusion resistance were estimated in wheat cv. C306 at anthesis stage under irrigated and moisture‐stress condition and two levels (0.1 and 1.0 ppm) of homobrassinolide application. Yield and yield attributing parameters were recorded at harvest. Moisturestress adversely affected relative water content, transpiration, net photosynthesis, nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activity, chlorophyll and soluble protein content.Homobrassinolide application increased leaf relative water content and transpiration and decreased diffusion resistance in water‐stressed and recovered plants. Homobrassinolide application also had positive effect on nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities, photosynthesis, chlorophyll and total soluble protein content in stressed, irrigated and revived plants. The beneficial effect was also observed on grain yield and yield attributing parameters such as grain number per ear, 1000 grain weight, ear number per plant and harvest index. It was concluded that homobrassinolide induced promotion in metabolic activity was mediated through increased enzyme protein synthesis as well as uptake of water resulting in enhanced relative water content under moisture‐stress.
Ein archaologischer Rapsfund des 16. Jahrhunderts, entdeckt in Heide in Holstein, Norddeutschland
Authors: Kroll H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAn archaeological find of oil‐seed rape from the 16th century discovered in Heide in Holstein, Northern GermanyDuring archaeological excavations in the cellar of a 16th‐century house in Heide, Northern Germany, four stocks of crops were found. Two of them consisted of barley, one of rye and the last one of Brassica seeds. The circumstances of the finds, as well as the morphological criteria of the Brassica seeds, which also occur as a weed in the barley stocks, make it virtually certain that the Brassica seeds are oil‐seed rape Brassica napus.
Effect of Low Temperature of Irrigation Water on Rice Growth and Nutrient Uptake
Authors: Zia M. Sharif , Salim M. , Aslam M. , Gill M. A. , Rahmatullah  
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe study was designed to investigate the effect of cold irrigation water on rice growth and on uptake of N, P, K and Zn applied ca. 50, 20, 35 and 5 mg kg−1 soil, respectively. Cold temperature of irrigation water reduced rice shoot and root dry weight and plant height, significantly compared to hot temperature treatment. Under low temperature stress N was a major rice growth determinant. Increased shoot concentrations of both P and Zn allevated the low temperature stress. The uptake of N, P, K and Zn reduced significantly at low temperature (16.5–20 °C soil and 20–24 °C flood water) compared to high temperature (24.5–27 °C soil and 26.5–29.0 °C), with the strongest effect being noticed for N, followed by P, K and Zn. Application of N, P, K and Zn increased their uptake in rice shoots. Nitrogen and K had synergistic effect on their uptake. Responses to N and K application and their uptake behavior were well marked at higher than at low temperature whereas reverse was true for P and Zn.
Effects of Temporary Water Stress After Anthesis on Grain Yield and Yield Components in Different Tiller Categories of Two Spring Wheat Varieties
Authors: Sieling K. , Christen O. , Richter‐Harder H. , Hanus H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWater stress might limit grain yields of cereals under humid conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a temporary water shortage at three different stages after anthesis on the grain yield and yield components of different tiller categories in two spring wheat varieties. A pot experiment with controlled water supply and rain shelters was conducted in 1984 and 1985 in Kiel, N. W. Germany. The water stress (pF 2.9 to 3.4) was imposed either between anthesis to early milk development of the caryopsis (WS1) (EC 65 to EC 72 according to Zadoks scale), early milk development to late milk development of the caryopsis (WS2) (EC 72 to EC 77) and late milk development to maturity (WS3) (EC 77 to EC 92). The control had a constant water supply throughout the growing season of between pF 2.2 to 2.5.The water stress treatment WS1 significantly reduced the single plant yield by 10 % (1984) and 15 % (1985) in one variety (Selpek), whereas the other variety was unaffected. The response of both varieties to the two later treatments was smaller and insignificant.In the first year the yield decrease in the variety Selpek after the WS1 treatment was mainly caused by a lower number of ears per plant compared with the untreated control (WS0). In the second year (1985) additionally a lower grain weight of the second category shoots caused by a reduction of the number of kernels per ear contributed to the decrease of the single plant yield. The yield component thousand grain weight could not compensate for the reduction in the number of kernels per ear.
Phosphorus Deficiency Affects the Early Development of Wheat Plants
Authors: Rodriguez D. , Maria G. E. Santa , Pomar M. C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effect of phosphorus nutrition on the development of wheat plants, was studied. Phosphorus deficiency increased the duration of the phyllochron when the concentration in shoots was less than 0.8 %. Phosphorus concentration in shoots appeared to be a good indicator of the effect of plant phosphorus status on wheat development.
Competition Between Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) and Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) at Three Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization, During Three Growing Seasons
Authors: Jösrgensen M. , Junttila O. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCompetition between timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and meadow fescue (Festucapratensis Huds.) under three levels of nitrogen was studied during three growing seasons under northern climatic conditions, 69° N latitude. Timothy initially had higher competitive abilities, particularly when nitrogen was added, but due to a higher regrowth capacity, meadow fescue was able to compete with timothy increasingly over time. The species differed in their growth patterns. Timothy had a higher proportion of reproductive tillers and a larger leaf area in the upper parts of the canopy at the first harvest, especially at high nitrogen‐fertilization. Consequently, timothy shaded meadow fescue during the reproductive stage of growth. After defoliation, regrowth of timothy halted for one to two weeks. Meadow fescue, by contrast, had higher tiller numbers than timothy, a higher number of intact growing points, and resumed shoot‐growth rapidly after defoliation. Due to these traits, the competitive abilities of meadow fescue increased each year relative to timothy.
On Increasing Mustard Productivity with an Inexpensive Source of Leaf—applied Phosphorus
Authors: Mohammad Firoz 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA simple randomized field experiment was conducted for two years to test the comparative efficacy of three sources of leaf‐applied phosphorus (sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate, diammonium phosphate and monocalcium superphosphate) on the yield performance of mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern. and Coss.) var. Varuna. The quantity of P was 3.5 kg ha−1. In addition, 20 kg N and 2 (or 6) kg S ha−1 were included in the spray applied in two equal splits at 70 and 90 days as supplement to the basal application of 60 kg N, 17.5 kg P and 33.2 kg K ha−1. The two‐year data revealed that spray treatments were significantly efficacious in augmenting most of the yield attributing parameters as well as seed and oil yield by about 20% over the water‐sprayed control. However, as the three sources of phosphorus proved equally effective, commercial grade monocalcium superphosphate could be preferred over others due to its cost effectiveness and easy availability.
Partitioning of Biomass, N and S in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) by Nitrogen and Sulphur Nutrition
Authors: Nabi G. , Rahmatullah  , Salim M. , Gill M. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractResponse of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to sulphur applied ca. 0, 30, 90 and 150 mg kg‐1 and nitrogen applied ca. 0, 100 and 200 mg kg‐1 soil were studied on a Typic Camborthids in greenhouse. Nitrogen and S application had a significant (P < 0.01) main and interactive effect on seed yield and dry weight of leaves and stem. Cumulative N and S contents of sunflower seeds, stem and leaves were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by N and S application. Sulphur transport and accumulation in sunflower seeds was increased with S application. There were significant (P < 0.01) correlations between seed yield and N and S content of sunflower plants. Critical S concentration (%) in 60 days old plants was 0.36 for 95 % relative yield of the maximum. Application of 90 mg S kg‐1 with 200 mg N kg‐1 resulted in the highest seed yield and maximum total S and N contents in sunflower leaves, stem and seeds. Relative increase in sunflower seeds yield at higher levels of N and S was more than that of dry weight of stem and leaves.
Das Zusammenwirken der mineralischen Düngung mit verschiedenen Formen der organischen Düngung
Authors: VON Boguslawski E. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract The combined effect of fertilizing with different forms of organic fertilizer The' IOSDV field experiment, testing mineral‐nitrogen fertilizer in combination with different forms of organic manure over a period of 6 years (two crop‐rotation cycles) has provided specific results concerning the interaction of the components of fertilizers. Stable manure had an intensive effect on sugar beet but only a weak effect on winter wheat. Sugar‐beet leaves had a strong effect on winter wheat but little effect on winter barley. Straw ‐green manure showed a growing effect on winter barley. As expected, the effect of fertilizing is influenced by climatic factors. Yield curves with the specific parameters ‘M’, ‘m’ and ‘i’ show – as would be expected – that the effect of the organic manure on yield is chiefly expressed at lower levels of mineral‐nitrogen manure. In this way, the curves indicate the optimal level of N‐fertilization. The balance of nutrients show that organic variances have different effects on the N‐balance. The interval evaluation shows the importance of long‐term experiments.
Physiological Basis of Yield in Moth Bean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal] Under Rainfed Conditions
Authors: SRIVASTAVA J. P. , SONI C. P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPhysiological analysis of yielding ability in moth bean varieties under rainfed condition revealed that in spite of sufficient amount of dry matter production, the crop is a poor seed yielder. Late varieties produced higher amounts of dry matter and seed. The low yield in this crop is owing to low net assimilation rate (NAR) during the reproductive phase and poor migration coefficient of assimilates towards seeds. Leaf area expansion was maximum during reproductive phase. Stomatal components were not evident to limit the NAR under rainfed condition. Varietal differences were observed with respect to transpiration. Temporal variations in leaf water potential, osmotic potential and pressure potential were recorded. It is concluded that in moth bean the improvement in seed yield is possible by increasing current photosynthetic rate during the reproductive phase and can be achieved by changing the crop canopy structure for better utilization of light. Effort should also be made to improve harvest index in this crop.
Gaswechselmessungen an Fababohnen‐Blättern (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Barton K. , Pommer G. , Knoppik D. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Measurement of gas exchange in faba‐bean leaves (Vida faba L.) By means of gas‐exchange measurements (minicuvette system and porometer), photosynthesis and its light dependence was investigated on attached leaves of different varieties of faba beans. The results showed no relevant difference in photosynthetic capacity for the varieties. This is true also for parameters calculated from light dependence, i.e. light compensation point, light saturation, and quantum yield. Generally, the light compensation point lay under 50 μE PAR/m2/s and light saturation was reached at about 1400 μE PAR/m2/ s. Photosynthesis was strongly dependent on leaf age and difference in photosynthetic capacity due to different varieties could be excluded as an essential reason for different rates of flowers dropping and pod dropping in faba beans.
Effect of Soil Hydrothermal Regimes on the Performance of Safflower Planted on Different Dates
Authors: TOMAR S. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSoil hydrothermal regimes which can enhance seed germination, seedling emergence and development so that the late planted safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) can be competitive in comparison to normally planted crop need to be studied and suitabily modified. Therefore, a split‐plot held experiment was conducted in Vertisols during 1984–85 and 1985–86 post‐rainy season to determine the influence of planting date (PD1: Oct. 20; PD2: Oct. 30; PD3: Nov. 10; PD4: Nov. 20; PDs: Nov. 30; PD6: Dec. 10; and PD7: Dec. 20), irrigation (I1: come‐up irrigation and I2: I1+ branching stage) and straw‐mulch (M0: No mulch and M1: paddy straw mulch at 10 t ha‐1) and the interaction on the growth and development of safflower (Cultivar, JSF‐7).Germination of safflower commenced earlier in October planting, but it was significantly higher in November and December plantings. Initiation of emergence and completion of germination required 153 and 307 cumulative degree days (CDD soil), respectively. Days to maturity decreased from 163 to 140 in 1984–85 and from 156 to 137 in 1985–86 with delay in planting from October to December. Height, number of branches, number of capsules, seed yield per plant and 1000 seed weight were significantly affected by the different treatments. Planting of safflower on October 30 and November 10 in both the seasons produced significantly higher seed yield than the other plantings. Branching stage irrigation (I2) and straw mulching significantly improved all the yield attributes and seed yield of safflower in both the seasons. The water use efficiency (WUE) was higher in early plantings than in the later plantings. Higher WUE was obtained under come‐up irrigation. Straw mulching increased the WUE, moderated the diurnal variations in soil temperature and provided a better thermostable regime more congenial for plant roots which resulted in increased safflower seed yield.
Einfluß von Form und Plazierung der N‐ und P‐Düngung auf Wurzelentwicklung, Phosphat‐Aufnahme und Wachstum von Sonnenblumen (Helianthus annuus) und Zuckerhirsen (Sorghum bicolor)
Authors: Strasser B. , Werner W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractInfluence of form and placement of N‐ and P‐fertilisation on the root development, the P‐uptake, and the growth of sunflower (Helianthus annum) and sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor).In pot‐ and rhizotrone‐experiments with Sorghum bicolor and Helianthus annuus, a higher P‐uptake was achieved by placement of diammonphosphate (DAP) than by either placement of triplesuperphosphate (TSP) or by broadcasting DAP or TSP, respectively. Dual placement of TSP and ammonia increased the P uptake but it was less effective than placement of DAP for sunflowers, but not for sweet sorghum. Placement of nitrogen resulted in a local root accumulation, where ammonia had a greater effect than nitrate for both of the species. Single placement of TSP had no effect on either P uptake or root development.Thus, the higher P uptake at DAP placement could be attributed to three main factors: the local root accumulation caused by the placement of nitrogen, a specific physiological ammonia‐effect, and the lower binding intensity of the phosphate in the DAP‐band compared with placed TSP (Werner and Strasser 1993). The improvement in spatial availability caused by the NH4+ ‐induced root accumulation was of a greater importance for the P‐uptake than was the improvement of chemical availability in the DAP‐band. The better response of sunflowers in comparison with sweet sorghum was attributed to better acquisition ability in sweet sorghum.
The Relationships between the Nutritive Value, Yield and Resistance of Alfalfa Cultivars to Diseases
Authors: Babnik D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe relationships between the digestibility of organic matter, the net energy value, the gas production from in vitro incubation of tissue with rumen liquid, the quantity of yield and the resistance of a variety to disease were investigated in nine alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cultivars. The digestibility of organic matter and the net energy value of particular varieties were evaluated on the basis of chemical composition and the quantity of gas produced, while the resistance of cultivars to disease was evaluated visually by counting diseased plants. Negative correlations (r = ‐ 0.85; P < 0.01) were recorded between the resistance of a variety to disease and in vitro production of gas and between the resistance of a variety to disease and net energy value of a cultivar (r = ‐0.78; P < 0.05) while a positive correlation (r = 0.74; P < 0.05) was established between DM yield and the disease resistance of cultivars.
Wheat Development as Affected by Radiation at Two Temperatures
Authors: Slafer G. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA wheat cultivar (Condor) was grown in two experiments (thermal regimes 18/13 and 21/16°C) under low (298 μE m‐2: s‐1) radiation regimes during either an early phase from seedling emergence to terminal spikelet initiation (S2), a late phase from terminal spikelet initiation to anthesis (S2), or for the full period from seedling emergence to anthesis (S12), or high (560 μE m‐2s‐1) radiation throughout the growing period (S12) to determine whether developmental events are affected by radiation. The main developmental events considered in this study were the timing of terminal spikelet initiation and anthesis, the final number of leaf and spikelet primordia initiated in the apex and the rate of leaf appearance. Number of grains per spike and culm height were also measured.The duration of each phenophase was not affected by radiation intensity. Temperature affected the rate of wheat development, but the acceleration of development due to temperature during the seedling emergence ‐ terminal spikelet initiation phase only slightly reduced (from 24.8 to 23.2 days). Differences in time from terminal spikelet initiation to anthesis were greater than in the earlier phases, having been the duration reduced from 24.6 to 20.0 days due to high temperature.Associated with the lack of effect of radiation on phasic development and the negligible effect of temperature on the duration of the early phases of development, final Leaf number was practically unchanged in this study by either the radiation level or the growing temperature. Thus, radiation did not affect the rate of leaf initiation. The number of spikelets was affected by neither the treatments nor the thermal environment. The rates of leaf appearance were accelerated by temperature. Radiation, on the other hand, did not significantly alter the rates of leaf appearance in any of the treatments.As expected from many sources in the literature, the number of grains per spike was significantly affected by radiation during the phase from terminal spikelet initiation to anthesis. Due to the lack of significant effects of radiation on the developmental patterns of wheat, the changes in number of grains per spike were due to changes in the number of grains born in each spikelet.The results of the present study were compared with others available in the literature on the effects (or lack of them) of radiation and CO2 concentration on phasic development, plastochron and phyllochron in wheat to reach the general conclusion that the rate of developmental events in wheat, in contrast to other plants, is almost completely independent of the availability of assimilates, with a possible exception for the Equatorial latitudes.
Untersuchungen zur Assimilatakkumulation im Weizenblatt nach Schwarzrostinfektion
Authors: Keutgen N. , Roeb G. W. , Führ F. , Reisener H. J. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Accumulation of assimilates in stem‐rust‐infected wheat leaves Using wheat plants (cv. ‘Prelude’), the effects of stem‐rust infection on photosynthesis and assimilate partitioning were studied with the aid of the short‐lived carbon isotope 11C. Photosynthesis of strongly infected leaf parts declined by about 30 % within 1 day. This rapid inhibition was caused by the formation of appressoria and the growth of infection tubes into the stomata, leading to a reduction in gas exchange. Further decline of photosynthesis to 5–10 % was accompanied by the degradation of chlorophyll. Nevertheless, during sporulation, the dry weight of the infected leaf area increased by about 50 %. With the use of 11C, the reduced export of photosynthate from the infected leaf part and the capture of labelled compounds from the apical leaf section were quantified. The enhanced storage of assimilates in stem‐rust‐infected leaves can be attributed to the increase in invertase activity.
Influence of Biopost and Organo upon Flue‐cured Tobacco Grown on Semigley. II. Chemical Composition of Tobacco Leaf and Changes in the Chemical Soil Complex
Authors: BUTORAC A. , MESIĆ M. , BUTORAC J. , TURŠIĆ I. , BAŠIĆ F. , VULETIĆ N. , BERDIN M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe paper deals with the results achieved in investigating the effects of biopost and organo, in comparison with stable manure and mineral fertilization as well as one with the other, on the chemical composition of flue‐cured tobacco leaf and on the changes in the chemical soil complex. Investigations were carried out on semigley in the central Drava Valley in Northern Croatia. While biopost is an organic fertilizer, organo is defined as an organic‐mineral fertilizer since, in addition to an organic component, it also contains a mineral component. Both fertilizers affected the chemical composition of tobacco leaf, though they were applied in relatively small quantities. This was primarily reflected in a reduction of nicotine content and an increase in the content of reducing sugars in comparison with mineral fertilizing, though not always proportional to the rate applied. Here, biopost showed a certain advantage over organo.The calcium content in tobacco leaf does not indicate any marked influence of the fertilizing treatments tested in the trial. Existence of such a relation seems more likely in the case of magnesium, while in the case of potassium, fertilizing with this bioelement had the crucial role with regard to its content in tobacco leaf.As regards the changes in the chemical soil complex, the effect of the tested fertilizers, depending on the parameters studied, was either non‐existent or very slight.