bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Efficient Inverted NiOX‐Based Three‐Terminal Back‐Contact All Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Xiqi , Zhou Wencai , He Yongcai , Sun Zhaoqing , Zeng Qinghua , Yan Hui , Zheng Zilong , Chen Xiaoqing , Tang Zeguo , Zhang Jinyan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of efficient all perovskite tandem solar cells has faced challenges related to current matching and optical losses. In this work, a design of a non‐coplanar three‐terminal (3T) all perovskite tandem solar cell is presented, which consists of a p‐i‐n inverted NiOX‐based CsPbI2Br perovskite top cell, and a FA0.6MA0.4Sn0.5Pb0.5I3 perovskite bottom cell with back‐contact (BC) device structure. It effectively mitigated the optical losses introduced in non‐absorbing layers and resulted in a 2.9% absolute efficiency improvement compared to that of planar sandwich‐type 3T tandems. Both optical and electrical characteristics of the multi‐terminal tandem cells are investigated. Then, it is focused on understanding the impact of top cell thickness on overall non‐coplanar BC 3T‐tandem performance, considering low‐energy photon optical reflection and carrier transport distance. Following optimizations of energy level and device structure, an efficiency of 32.16% is achieved, with non‐coplanar BC 3T device architecture: top cell consisting of hole extraction layer (ITO/NiOx), CsPbI2Br absorber layer, and electron extraction layer (ZnO/FA0.6MA0.4Sn0.5Pb0.5I3/SnO2/Ag); and bottom cell (Ni/NiOx/FA0.6MA0.4Sn0.5Pb0.5I3/SnO2/Ag); bottom perovskite layer has two functions, one is electron transport layer for top cell, and the other is low‐energy photon absorption layer in bottom cell. It provides insight and a promising pathway for manufacturing high‐efficient all perovskite tandem solar cells.
Tuning Rate‐Limiting Factors for Graphite Anodes in Fast‐Charging Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yinchao , Ji Yuchen , Yin Zu‐Wei , Sheng Tian , Cao Aimin , Zhao Wenguang , Huang Yuxiang , Li Jun‐Tao , Pan Feng , Yang Luyi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLocalized high‐concentration electrolyte (LHCE) is considered to be a promising substitution for the conventional carbonate electrolytes in fast‐charging Li‐ion batteries. However, the rate‐determining steps (RDS) for fast‐charging electrodes (i.e., graphite anode) in LHCE remain unclear. Herein, a typical localized high‐concentration electrolyte consisting of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide in dimethoxyethane with 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl‐2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropyl ether as a diluent is selected to investigate the RDS of lithiation process in graphite anode, including the diffusion of solvated Li+ in the electrolyte, the desolvation behavior of solvated Li+, the Li+ transfer in solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the graphite surface, and the Li+ diffusion in bulk graphite. The results indicated that the rate performance of graphite anode in LHCE lies in the balance between Li+ desolvation process and Li+ migration in SEI. Through the regulation of solvated Li+ structure and SEI component, excellent fast‐charging performance can be obtained in the LHCE. The present studies not only offer fresh insights in the mechanistic understanding of fast‐charging batteries, but also provide new clues to the performance improvement of graphite anodes.
Zwitterionic Strategy to Stabilize Self‐Immolative Polymer Nanoarchitecture under Physiological pH for Drug Delivery In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Pathan Shahidkhan , Jayakannan Manickam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe major bottleneck in using polymer nanovectors for biomedical application, particularly those based on self‐immolative poly(amino ester) (PAE), lies in their uncontrolled autodegradation at physiological pH before they can reach the intended target. Here, an elegant triblock‐copolymer strategy is designed to stabilize the unstable PAE chains via zwitterionic interactions under physiological pH (pH 7.4) and precisely program their enzyme‐responsive biodegradation specifically within the intracellular compartments, ensuring targeted delivery of the cargoes. To achieve this goal, biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) platform is chosen, and structure‐engineered several di‐ and triblock architectures to arrive the precise macromolecular geometry. The hydrophobic‐PCL core and hydrophilic anionic‐PCL block at the periphery shield PAEs against autodegradation, thereby ensuring stability under physiological pH in PBS, FBS, cell culture medium and bloodstream. The clinical anticancer drug doxorubicin and deep‐tissue penetrable near‐infrared IR‐780 biomarker is encapsulated to study their biological actions by in vitro live cancer cells and in vivo bioimaging in live animals. These zwitterions are biocompatible, nonhemolytic, and real‐time in vitro live‐cell confocal studies have confirmed their internalization and enzymatic biodegradation in the endo‐lysosomal compartments to deliver the payload. In vivo bioimaging establishes their prolonged blood circulation for over 72 h, and the biodistribution analysis reveals the accumulation of nanoparticles predominantly in the excretory organs.
Making the Brightest Ones Dim: Maximizing the Photothermal Conversion Efficiency of BODIPY‐Based Photothermal Agents
Authors: Kim Gibeom , Luo Yongyang , Shin Myunghwan , Bouffard Jean , Bae Jeehyeon , Kim Youngmi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe successful implementation of photothermal therapy (PTT) in cancer treatment hinges on the development of highly effective photothermal agents (PTAs). Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes, being well known for their high brightness and quantum efficiencies, are the antithesis of PTAs. Nonetheless, a systematic exploration of the photophysics and photothermal characteristics of a series of π‐extended BODIPY dyes with high absorptivity in the near‐infrared (NIR) region has achieved superior photothermal conversion efficiencies (>90%), in both monomeric state and nanoparticles after encapsulation in a biocompatible polyethyleneglycol 1,2‐distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine‐N‐[methoxy‐(polyethylene glycol)‐2000]. Optimal PTA candidates combine strong NIR absorption provided by extended donor–acceptor conjugation and an optimization of the electronic and steric effects of meso‐substituents to maximize photothermal conversion performance. The PTT‐optimized meso‐CF3‐BODIPY, TCF3PEn exhibits exceptional efficacy in inducing cancer cell apoptosis and in vivo tumor ablation using low‐power NIR laser irradiation (0.3 W cm−2, 808 nm) as well as excellent biological safety, underscoring its potential for advancing light‐induced cancer therapies.
High‐Entropy Engineering of Cubic SiP with Metallic Conductivity for Fast and Durable Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Wenwu , Wang Jeng‐Han , Yang Lufeng , Li Yanhong , Yen Hung‐Yu , Chen Jie , He Lunhua , Liu Zhiliang , Yang Piaoping , Guo Zaiping , Liu Meilin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA cost‐effective, scalable ball milling process is employed to synthesize the InGeSiP3 compound with a cubic ZnS structure, aiming to address the sluggish reaction kinetics of Si‐based anodes for Lithium‐ion batteries. Experimental measurements and first‐principles calculations confirm that the synthesized InGeSiP3 exhibits significantly higher electronic conductivity, larger Li‐ion diffusivity, and greater tolerance to volume change than its parent phases InGe (or Si)P2 or In (or Ge, or Si)P. These improvements stem from its elevated configurational entropy. Multiple characterizations validate that InGeSiP3 undergoes a reversible Li‐storage mechanism that involves intercalation, followed by conversion and alloy reactions, resulting in a reversible capacity of 1733 mA h g−1 with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 90%. Moreover, the InGeSiP3‐based electrodes exhibit exceptional cycling stability, retaining an 1121 mA h g−1 capacity with a retention rate of ≈87% after 1500 cycles at 2000 mA g−1 and remarkable high‐rate capability, achieving 882 mA h g−1 at 10 000 mA g−1. Inspired by the distinctive characteristic of high entropy, the synthesis is extended to high entropy GaCu (or Zn)InGeSiP5, CuZnInGeSiP5, GaCuZnInGeSiP6, InGeSiP2S (or Se), and InGeSiPSSe. This endeavor overcomes the immiscibility of different metals and non‐metals, paving the way for the electrochemical energy storage application of high‐entropy silicon‐phosphides.
Assembly of Interfacial Polyelectrolyte Complexation Fibers with Mineralization Gradient for Physiologically‐Inspired Ligament Regeneration
Authors: Liu Yu‐Chung , Chen Shih‐Heng , Kuan Chen‐Hsiang , Chen Shih‐Hsien , Huang Wei‐Yuan , Chen Hao‐Xuan , Wang Tzu‐Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCurrent synthetic grafts for ligament rupture repair often fail to integrate well with the surrounding biological tissue, leading to complications such as graft wear, fatigue, and subsequent re‐rupture. To address this medical challenge, this study aims at advancing the development of a biological ligament through the integration of physiologically‐inspired principles and tissue engineering strategies. In this study, interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation (IPC) spinning technique, along with a custom‐designed collection system, to fabricate a hierarchical scaffold mimicking native ligament structure, is utilized. To emulate the bone‐ligament interface and alleviate stress concentration, a hydroxyapatite (HAp) mineral gradient is strategically introduced near both ends of the scaffold to enhance interface integration and diminish the risk of avulsion rupture. Biomimetic viscoelasticity is successfully displayed to provide similar mechanical support to native ligamentous tissue under physiological conditions. By introducing the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and conducting mesenchymal stem cells transplantation, the regenerative potential of the synthetic ligament is significantly amplified. This pioneering study offers a multifaceted solution combining biomimetic materials, regenerative therapies, and advanced techniques to potentially transform ligament rupture treatment.
Regulating Surface‐Passivator Binding Priority for Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Sun Xinwen , Meng Weiwei , Ngai Kwan Ho , Nie Zhiguo , Luan Chuhao , Zhang Wenjun , Li Shiang , Lu Xinhui , Wu Bo , Zhou Guofu , Long Mingzhu , Xu Jianbin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSuppressing trap‐assisted nonradiative losses through passivators is a prerequisite for efficient perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, the complex bonding between passivators and perovskites severely suppresses the passivation process, which still lacks comprehensive understanding. Herein, the number, category, and degree of bonds between different functional groups and the perovskite are quantitatively assessed to study the passivation dynamics. Functional groups with high electrostatic potential and large steric hindrance prioritize strong bonding with organic cations and halides on the perfect surface, leading to suppressed coordination with bulky defects. By modulating the binding priorities and coordination capacity, hindrance from the intense interaction with perfect perovskite is significantly reduced, leading to a more direct passivation process. Consequently, the near‐infrared PeLED without external light out‐coupling demonstrates a record external quantum efficiency of 24.3% at a current density of 42 mA cm−2. In addition, the device exhibits a record‐level‐cycle ON/OFF switching of 20 000 and ultralong half‐lifetime of 1126.3 h under 5 mA cm−2. An in‐depth understanding of the passivators can offer new insights into the development of high‐performance PeLEDs.
Modulating Intracellular Dynamics for Optimized Intracellular Release and Transcytosis Equilibrium
Authors: Yuan Guiping , Li Minghui , Zhang Yifan , Dong Qiuyang , Shao Shiqun , Zhou Zhuxian , Tang Jianbin , Xiang Jiajia , Shen Youqing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractActive transcytosis‐mediated nanomedicine transport presents considerable potential in overcoming diverse delivery barriers, thereby facilitating tumor accumulation and penetration. Nevertheless, the persistent challenge lies in achieving a nuanced equilibrium between intracellular interception for drug release and transcytosis for tumor penetration. In this study, a comprehensive exploration is conducted involving a series of polyglutamine‐paclitaxel conjugates featuring distinct hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratios (HHR) and tertiary amine‐oxide proportions (TP) (OPGA‐PTX). The screening process, meticulously focused on delineating their subcellular distribution, transcytosis capability, and tumor penetration, unveils a particularly promising candidate denoted as OPPX, characterized by an HHR of 10:1 and a TP of 100%. OPPX, distinguished by its rapid cellular internalization through multiple endocytic pathways, selectively engages in trafficking to the Golgi apparatus for transcytosis to facilitate accumulation within and penetration throughout tumor tissues and simultaneously sorted to lysosomes for cathepsin B‐activated drug release. This study not only identifies OPPX as an exemplary nanomedicine but also underscores the feasibility of modulating subcellular distribution to optimize the active transport capabilities and intracellular release mechanisms of nanomedicines, providing an alternative approach to designing efficient anticancer nanomedicines.
Contactless User‐Interactive Sensing Display for Human–Human and Human–Machine Interactions
Authors: He Jiaqi , Wei Ruilai , Ma Xiaole , Wu Wenqiang , Pan Xiaojun , Sun Junlu , Tang Jiaqi , Xu Zhangsheng , Wang Chunfeng , Pan Caofeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCreating a large‐scale contactless user‐interactive sensing display (CUISD) with optimal features is challenging but crucial for efficient human–human or human–machine interactions. This study reports a CUISD based on dynamic alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) that responds to humidity. Subsecond humidity‐induced luminescence is achieved by integrating a highly responsive hydrogel into the ACEL layer. The patterned silver nanofiber electrode and luminescence layer, produced through electrospinning and microfabrication, result in a stretchable, large‐scale, high‐resolution, multicolor, and dynamic CUISD. The CUISD is implemented for the real‐time control of a remote‐controlled car, wherein the luminescence signals induced by touchless finger movements are distinguished and encoded to deliver specific commands. Moreover, the distinctive recognition of breathing facilitates the CUISD to serve as a visual signal transmitter for information interaction, which is particularly beneficial for individuals with disabilities. The paradigm shift depicts in this work is expected to reshape the way authors interact with each other and devices, discovering niche applications in virtual/augmented reality and the metaverse.
Organizing Photosensitive and Photothermal Single‐Sites Uniformly in a Trimetallic Metal‐Organic Framework for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Shiqi , Lu Lele , Jiang Jialong , Liu Ning , Zhao Bin , Xu Mingming , Cheng Peng , Shi Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEffective combination of the photosensitivity and photothermal property in photocatalyst is vital to achieve the maximum light utilization for superior photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, this work successfully organizes photosensitive Cd‐NS single‐sites and photothermal Ni‐NS single‐sites uniformly at a molecular level within a tailored trimetallic metal‐organic framework. The optimized Ho6‐Cd0.76Ni0.24‐NS exhibits a superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 40.06 mmol g−1 h−1 under visible‐light irradiation and an apparent quantum efficiency of 29.37% at 420 nm without using cocatalysts or photosensitizers. A systematical mechanism study reveals that the uniformly organized photosensitive and photothermal single‐sites have synergistic effect, which form ultrashort pathways for efficient transport of photoinduced electrons, suppress the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, hence promote the hydrogen evolution activity. This work provides a promising approach for organizing dual‐functional single‐sites uniformly in photocatalyst for high‐performance photocatalytic activity.
Alkoxysilane‐Treated SnO2 Interlayer for Energy Band Alignment of SnO2 Electron Injection Layer in Inverted Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim Yu Jin , Kim Bong Woo , Im Sang Hyuk 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEfficient inverted perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are demonstrated by the introduction of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)‐incorporated tin oxide (SnO2) interlayer between the SnO2 electron injection layer and the perovskite emission layer. The TEOS incorporation into the SnO2 solution spontaneously converts it to a SiO2–SnO2 composite colloidal solution with a wide band gap, thermal stability, transparency, and chemical stability toward perovskite. The TEOS‐incorporated SnO2 interlayer effectively restricts the charge transfer from perovskite into SnO2 and promotes electron injection from SnO2 into perovskite due to the shift toward favorable energy band alignment. In addition, the TEOS‐treated interlayer balances the electron injection rate and the hole injection rate, thereby facilitating radiative recombination of the charge carriers injected into perovskite. As a result, the inverted PeLEDs exhibit significantly improved performance of 33 996 cd m−2 luminance, 9.99% of external quantum efficiency, and 44.83 cd A−1 of current efficiency.
Unconventional Transverse Magneto‐Optical Kerr Effect in Cobalt Nanopillar Arrays
Authors: Cheng Tong‐Huai , Yang Weihao , Liu Zhaochao , Qin Jun , Yu Feng Hua , Li Changliang , Li Shicheng , Bi Lei , Luo Feng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNovel magneto‐optical (MO) properties can be actualized through well‐designed nanostructures, greatly improving the application value of MO effects. As only p‐polarized light can generate transverse magneto‐optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) in traditional MO materials, it is quite challenging and valuable to effectuate TMOKE under s‐polarization incidence at optical frequencies. The constructed nanopillar structures in this work can realize a clear TMOKE under both s‐polarization and p‐polarization incidences, as proved by experiments and simulations. Under s‐polarized incident light with an elevation angle of 45°, electric dipole resonance (EDR) and electric quadrupole resonance (EQR) are excited, resulting in the significant enhancement of TMOKE (five orders of magnitude higher than for the planar Co film). The intensity of s‐polarized TMOKE shows an increase with the enhancing diameter and height of the nanopillar structure. The amplitude of p‐polarized TMOKE is also appreciably increased due to the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and localized surface plasmons (LSPs). Moreover, the Fe and Ni nanopillars display similar reflectivity and s‐polarized TMOKE behaviors in simulations. The s‐polarized TMOKE is unexpectedly observed in ferromagnetic metals for the first time, which builds up a considerable platform for the development and application of novel MO phenomena.
YAG:Tb@YAG:Pr Single Crystalline Dual‐Layer Phosphor. An Alternative Approach to Multimodal Wide Range Luminescence Thermometry
Authors: Jedoń Joanna , Zych Eugeniusz , Zeler Justyna , Gorbenko Vitalii , Zorenko Yuriy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe SC‐YAG:Tb@YAG:Pr‐SCF composite epitaxial structure consisting of a 1 mm thick single crystal substrate of YAG:Tb garnet and a thin (9 µm) single crystalline film of YAG:Pr garnet is fabricated, and its luminescent properties are examined toward luminescence thermometry. The possibility to efficiently excite, individually or simultaneously, the Tb3+ and Pr3+ dopants by their intense allowed 4f→5d transitions is executed to reach relative thermal sensitivity higher than 1% K−1 over the range of temperatures as wide as 100–625 K and above 0.5% K−1 over 13–650 K. The obtained results demonstrate that using intra‐ and inter‐configurational emission transitions of Pr3+ and other lanthanides makes it possible to design wide‐range luminescence thermometers with high sensitivity spanning the entire operating limits.
Plasmonic‐Enhanced Polymer‐Stabilized Liquid Crystals Switching for Integrated Optical Attenuation
Authors: Jian Jialing , Liu Ruizhe , Ye Yuting , Wu Jianghong , Deng Qingyan , Wei Maoliang , Tang Yiheng , Tang Renjie , Sun Boshu , Ma Hui , Shi Yilin , Zhong Chuyu , Sun Chunlei , Lin Hongtao , Li Ming , Li Lan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLiquid crystals are widely used in photonics because of their profound electro–optic properties. However, the slow switching speeds (milliseconds) and the fluid nature of liquid crystals restrict their potential use in integrated photonics. In this work, polymer‐stabilized liquid crystals are utilized as the functional material to improve the response time with a polymer network that helps pre‐orientate the liquid crystal. Additionally, plasmonic slot structures are simultaneously employed to minimize the switch voltage by confining the optical field within the electrode spacing at subwavelength scales. Thanks to the large overlap of the optical and electric fields, the scattering states of the polymer‐stabilized liquid crystal can be effectively manipulated to modulate the loss of the propagating wave, resulting in strong optical attenuation in the integrated photonic platform. Specifically, a plasmonic enhanced polymer‐stabilized liquid crystal photonic device for operation at 1550 nm, which has a length of only 10 µm and shows an extinction ratio of 0.38 dB µm−1, with a power consumption of less than 6 µW and a response time ≈20 µs, resulting in a figure‐of‐merit of 0.012 mW.
N‐Tosylhydrazones as [N,N] Synthons in Heterocyclic Chemistry: Synthesis of 3,5‐Disubstituted N‐Alkenyl‐1H‐pyrazoles
Authors: Velázquez‐Stavínov Antonio , Piedra Helena F. , Gutiérrez‐Collar Aarón , Álvarez‐Márquez Manuel , Menéndez M. Isabel , Merino Isabel , Cabal María‐Paz , Aguilar Enrique 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA new mode of reactivity of N‐sulfonylhydrazones towards alkynes is described: ketone‐derived N‐tosylhydrazones (NTHs) bearing α‐H atoms behave as [NN] synthons in their reactions with alkoxy alkynyl Fischer carbene complexes (FCCs) and only the two N atoms are incorporated into the newly formed pyrazole ring. The scope of the reaction, leading to 5‐methoxy‐N‐alkenyl pyrazoles, proved to be wide regarding both partners; thus, a variety of aryl and primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl substituents are tolerated within the FCC, while aryl alkyl NTHs, symmetric and asymmetric dialkyl NTHs and NTHs derived of cyclic ketones can be also employed. In addition, the reaction can be performed at large scale and applied for late‐stage diversification of natural products. A reasonable reaction mechanism is also proposed, which is supported by deuteration experiments and DFT calculations.