bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: dominant markers and null alleles
Authors: FALUSH DANIEL , STEPHENS MATTHEW , PRITCHARD JONATHAN K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDominant markers such as amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) provide an economical way of surveying variation at many loci. However, the uncertainty about the underlying genotypes presents a problem for statistical analysis. Similarly, the presence of null alleles and the limitations of genotype calling in polyploids mean that many conventional analysis methods are invalid for many organisms. Here we present a simple approach for accounting for genotypic ambiguity in studies of population structure and apply it to AFLP data from whitefish. The approach is implemented in the program structure version 2.2, which is available from http://pritch.bsd.uchicago.edu/structure.html.
Isolation and characterization of 16 tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the red panda (Ailurus fulgens)
Authors: LIANG XU , ZHANG ZHI‐HE , ZHANG LIANG , ZHANG WEN‐PING , SHEN FU‐JUN , YANG ZHI , HOU RONG , HE WEI , WEI KUN , YUE BI‐SONG 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA total of 15 polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the red panda, Ailurus fulgens, were characterized in this study. Based on evaluations of 33 red pandas, the number of observed alleles for each locus ranged from seven to 17 and the expected and observed heterozygosities were 0.412–0.897 and 0.121–0.909, respectively. The mean polymorphic information content was 0.721. These markers would greatly strengthen the utilization of microsatellite tools in genetic variation studies in red panda populations.
Contribution of glutamatergic signaling to nitrosative stress‐induced protein misfolding in normal brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Nakamura Tomohiro , Gu Zezong , Lipton Stuart A. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryGlutamatergic hyperactivity, associated with Ca2+ influx and consequent production of nitric oxide (NO), is potentially involved in both normal brain aging and age‐related neurodegenerative disorders. Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by conformational changes in proteins that result in their misfolding and aggregation. Normal protein degradation by the ubiquitin‐proteasome system can prevent accumulation of aberrantly folded proteins. Our recent studies have linked nitrosative stress to protein misfolding and neuronal cell death. In particular, molecular chaperones – such as protein disulfide isomerase, glucose regulated protein 78, and heat shock proteins – can provide neuroprotection from misfolded proteins by facilitating proper folding and thus preventing aggregation. Here, we present evidence for the hypothesis that NO contributes to normal brain aging and degenerative conditions by S‐nitrosylating specific chaperones that would otherwise prevent accumulation of misfolded proteins.
Application of microsatellite primers for the social wasp Polistes to another social wasp genus, Parapolybia, to estimate genetic relationships among nestmates
Authors: KATADA Shin’ichi , SUZUKI Tadashi , TSUCHIDA Koji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe tested 14 pairs of microsatellite primers that had been developed for the genus Polistes to assess their applicability for determining genetic structure in a colony of the genus Parapolybia. At least one of the 14 Polistes primer sets was useful for Parapolybia indica, and the locus identified by this primer set was highly polymorphic. Using this primer set, we estimated the average relatedness among female nestmates of Parapolybia indica to be 0.82 ± 0.05 (mean ± SE), indicating that in this species single mating is normal, although some cases of multiple mating was found.
Nestmate discrimination in the queenless ponerine antDiacammasp. from Japan
Authors: SUWABE Mayuko , OHNISHI Hitoshi , KIKUCHI Tomonori , TSUJI Kazuki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe examined the nestmate discrimination ability ofDiacammasp., an ant that reproduces by colony budding. We also tested for a relationship between internest distance and hostility. Hostility toward non‐nestmates was significantly stronger than that toward nestmates, suggesting thatDiacammasp. discriminates between nestmates and non‐nestmates. There was no significant correlation between internest hostility and internest distance, which indicates the absence of a “dear enemy” phenomenon in this species.
Population genetics analysis of the origin of the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae), in northern Yunnan Province, China
Authors: LIU Jianhong , SHI Wei , YE Hui 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe examined genetic variation in the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), using six populations in two regions of Yunnan Province, China, to determine the distribution and likely mechanism for the dispersal of this fly. A 501‐bp portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene was sequenced from a minimum of eight individuals from each population, and 43 haplotypes were observed in the six Bactrocera dorsalis populations. When comparing the genetic diversity of populations in the northern and southern regions, which differ with respect to elevation, climate and plant phenology, we found a significantly greater haplotype diversity in the southern region (permutation test; P < 0.05), suggesting that the northern populations, those at Kunming and Qujing, probably originated from somewhere in the southern region. FST and number of pairwise differences revealed a high level of differentiation between the Panxi population and the other populations (permutation test; P < 0.05). Although the difference was marginally insignificant, the Shuitang population seemed to have differentiated from both northern populations. The Mantel test did not detect any isolation due to geographic distance. An amova analysis found that 2.56% of the variance was caused by the Panxi population. Haplotype network analysis showed that none of the six populations had a specific genetic lineage. Together, these analyses suggest that long‐distance dispersal has occurred for this species, and the species most probably took advantage of both a mountain pass and prevailing air currents. The Panxi population was significantly isolated from the others, probably because of its distinguishing habitat features, host plants or the recent reduction of the population size.
A danaid butterfly, Ideopsis similis, overcomes parasitization by a tachinid fly, Sturmia bella
Authors: HIRAI Norio , ISHII Minoru 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe danaid butterfly Ideopsis similis, which occurs in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, is a sedentary and monophagous species, whose larval food plant, Tylophora tanakae (Asclepiadaceae), is shared with the migratory and polyphagous danaid Parantica sita. The tachinid Sturmia bella is known to be a principal parasitoid of larval P. sita, whereas there have been no records of parasitization of I. similis by this tachinid. We conducted laboratory experiments and field surveys at seven sites in the Ryukyu Islands to determine how I. similis evades parasitization by this tachinid. We found eggs of S. bella at four sites and eggs and/or larvae of I. similis on the leaves of T. tanakae at all seven sites in the field survey. Out of 40 I. similis allowed to ingest S. bella eggs, 28 (70%) emerged as normal host adults and nine (22.5%) emerged as host adults with crippled wings. Only three (7.5%) died of parasitization in the pupal stage, whereas 27 (87%) of 31 P. sita given S. bella eggs yielded parasitoid flies and eventually died. Melanized dead larvae of S. bella were found in the abdomens of the I. similes adults that had been parasitized but did not yield parasitoid flies. When I. similis females parasitized by S. bella were released in a greenhouse with males, one of them laid fertile eggs. Out of 125 field‐collected I. similis adults, nine had melanized dipteran larvae within their abdomens, which were considered to be S. bella. These results demonstrate that I. similis has the ability to overcome parasitization by S. bella and develop into a fertile adult. It is possible that I. similis remains sedentary and monophagous because it has a strong defense mechanism against S. bella, whereas P. sita escapes from parasitization using its migratory and polyphagous capability.
New record of the tropical swallowtail moth Lyssa zampa (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Uraniidae) from mainland Japan
Authors: TOKESHI Mutsunori , YOKO‐O Makoto 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe tropical swallowtail moth Lyssa zampa (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Uraniidae) was recorded for the first time from mainland Japan. A male specimen of this species was captured in Amakusa, western Kyushu, on the night of 19 May 2006. An analysis of typhoon data suggests that this individual is likely to have reached the western coast of Kyushu from the Philippines, being transported over a distance of approximately 3000 km by typhoon no. 1 of 2006.
Single‐Dose Chloral Hydrate for Benign Convulsions with Mild Gastroenteritis
Authors: Enoki Hideo , Yokota Takuya , Nagasaki Rika , Ohro Yoichiro , Takeda Sho , Nakashima Yasumi , Matsubayashi Rie , Matsubayashi Tadashi 
Published: March 2007

Summary:  Purpose: To reveal the efficacy of single‐dose treatment with chloral hydrate (CH) for clustering seizures in benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis. Methods: We retrospectively studied the details of treatment in 33 patients with ages ranging from 7 to 39 months. The time‐series records of seizures and processes of drug administrations were investigated. Results: A single‐dose therapy with CH was effective in 19 of 22 patients (86%), and diazepam in two of 16 (13%). The doses of CH in patients having a successful treatment with single‐dose therapy ranged from 41.7 to 62.5 mg/kg (mean 50.2). In two patients, seizures were resistant to single‐dose CH therapy, and their doses of CH were 33.8 and 35.1 mg/kg. Conclusions: An advantage of the single‐dose therapy with CH was shown. We recommend treatment with a sufficient dose of not less than 40 mg/kg of CH.
High Frequency Thalamic Stimulation for Inoperable Mesial Temporal Epilepsy
Authors: Osorio Ivan , Overman John , Giftakis Jonathon , Wilkinson Steven B. 
Published: March 2007

Summary: Purpose:To assess the safety, tolerability and efficacy of high‐frequency periodic thalamic stimulation in inoperable mesial temporal epilepsy and the usefulness of intracranially evoked responses for assessment of anatomical uniformity of lead placement.Methods:Four subjects were implanted with leads aimed at theanteriorthalamic nuclei. Six weeks later, Soletra IPGs were activated using parameters similar to the closed‐loop trial's (mean: 175 Hz; 4.1 V; 90 μs; 1 min ON, 5 min OFF). Efficacy was assessed by comparing percentage change in seizure frequency over a 6‐month baseline versus a 36‐month treatment period, using a within‐subjects repeated measures design. Tolerability and safety were similarly monitored. Evoked responses elicited by thalamic stimulation were recorded from depth electrodes in the amygdalo‐hippocampal regions and compared intra and interindividually.Results:All subjects completed the study, tolerated stimulation and had no serious adverse effects. Mean reduction in seizure frequency was 75.6% (t =−8.24; p ≤ 0.01) (range: 92% to 53%). Quality of life improved in all. Verification of electrode placement with a software function indicated that stimulated structures were presumably,Anterior thalami,Latero‐polaris, Reticulatus Polaris, Ventro‐oralis Internus, andCampus Forelii. Evoked responses from stimulated sites were heterogeneous, intra and interindividually, also suggesting a lack of uniformity in lead placement.Conclusions:High‐frequency, periodic, round‐the‐clock thalamic stimulation seems safe, well tolerated and efficacious for inoperable mesial temporal epilepsy. Identification of clinically useful parameters may be facilitated by brief closed‐loop trials. Selective stimulation of a single structure may not be feasible at certain intensities, nor required for efficacy. Evoked responses may be useful for verification of uniformity of target acquisition.
Expression of Adhesion Factors Induced by Epileptiform Activity in the Endothelium of the Isolated Guinea Pig Brain In Vitro
Authors: Librizzi Laura , Regondi Maria Cristina , Pastori Chiara , Frigerio Simona , Frassoni Carolina , De Curtis Marco 
Published: March 2007

Summary:  Purpose: Brain inflammation has been recently considered in the pathogenesis of focal epilepsies. Synthesis of pro‐inflammatory mediators in the brain was described both in experimental models of seizures and in human postsurgical tissue. Inflammatory mediators may up‐regulate endothelial adhesion molecules, therefore promoting adhesion and homing of leucocytes into the brain. In the present study, expression of inducible adhesion factors in brain endothelium was verified after pharmacological induction of seizure‐like activity in specific brain areas of the in vitro isolated guinea pig brain. Methods: Experiments were performed in isolated guinea‐pig brains maintained in vitro by arterial perfusion. In this preparation, brief application of the GABAa receptor–antagonist, bicuculline, consistently induced focal ictal discharges in the limbic region that secondarily diffuse to the neocortex, as verified by simultaneous electrophysiological recording of extracellular activity. At the end of the electrophysiological experiment (after 5 h in vitro), brains were fixed and immunostaining for adhesion molecules P‐selectin and ICAM‐1 and for Fos protein was evaluated. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis of isolated brains in which seizure‐like activity was induced revealed expression of inducible adhesion factors P‐selectin and ICAM‐1 in the endothelium of small–medium size brain vessels. In particular, the expression of these molecules was consistently observed in all areas involved in epileptic seizure‐like ictal activity (limbic cortices and neocortex), and was infrequently found in regions that generated interictal spiking (piriform cortex), suggesting a trigger role played by seizures for endothelial activation. An increase in Fos protein expression was evident in all analyzed limbic areas and in the neocortex, indicating a correlation between the areas of neuronal and endothelial activation. In control brains maintained in vitro for comparable times without induction of epileptiform activity, no immunoreactivity for Fos and adhesion molecules was observed. Conclusions: Seizure‐like activity in an in vitro isolated brain preparation induces the expression of adhesion molecules in the cerebral endothelium. These observations indicate that local endothelial activation may represent a crucial step for the development of an inflammatory response induced by seizures, and suggest a possible novel pathogenic mechanism during the process of epileptogenesis.
The Alcohol‐Induced Suppression of Ovarian Insulin‐Like Growth Factor‐1 Gene Transcription Is Independent of Growth Hormone and Its Receptor
Authors: Srivastava Vinod K. , Hiney Jill K. , Mattison Julie A. , Bartke Andrej , Dees W. Les 
Published: March 2007

Background: Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) plays an important role in ovarian development and function. Alcohol (ALC) is a gonadal toxin and capable of causing depressed ovarian IGF‐1 and suppressed estradiol. The mechanism by which ALC affects IGF‐1 transcription is not well understood, and more information is needed to better understand the interrelationships between ALC, growth hormone (GH) and its ovarian receptor, and the gene expression of ovarian IGF‐1.Methods: Prepubertal transgenic mice carrying the bovine GH (bGH) gene were fed either a liquid diet containing ALC, pair‐fed the companion isocaloric control liquid diet, or fed chow and water. A fourth group consisted of normal (nontransgenic) littermates fed chow and water. Mice received their diets for 5 days, were then killed and tissues collected and frozen.Results: Alcohol did not alter circulating levels of bGH held constant by the promoter. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed elevated (p<0.05) ovarian IGF‐1 mRNA levels in both groups of transgenic control mice, compared with normal mice. Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 expression in the ALC‐treated transgenic mice was suppressed (p<0.01) compared with both transgenic controls. Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) gene expression was also decreased (p<0.01) in ALC‐treated transgenic mice compared with transgenic controls. Growth hormone‐receptor (GH‐R) synthesis revealed that all transgenic mice, including those exposed to ALC, showed increased (p<0.05) GH‐R mRNA compared with normal controls, and ALC did not alter protein levels of the GH‐R.Conclusions: These results suggest that the ALC‐induced suppression of ovarian IGF‐1 gene transcription is independent of alterations in serum GH.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/Cortisol Response to Physical Exercise in Abstinent Alcoholic Patients
Authors: Coiro Vittorio , Casti Amos , Saccani Jotti Gloria , Rubino Pasquale , Manfredi Guido , Maffei Maria Ludovica , Melani Andrea , Volta Elio , Chiodera Paolo 
Published: March 2007

Background: Alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in alcoholic patients have been reported in various experimental conditions.Methods: To establish whether alcoholism affects the HPA axis activation during physical exercise, 10 recent abstinent alcoholic patients (age range: 33–45 years; duration of alcohol dependence: range 4–6 years) were tested by exercising on a bicycle ergometer. Ten age‐matched healthy nonalcoholic men participated as controls. The workload was gradually increased at 3‐minute intervals until exhaustion and lasted about 15 minutes for all subjects. Alcoholic patients were tested at 3 time points, at 4, 6, and 8 weeks after alcohol withdrawal, whereas controls were tested only once. Main outcome measurements were circulating levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol and physiological variables during physical exercise [heart rate, blood pressure, ventilation, frequency of breathing, tidal volume, oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon oxide production (VCO2), and respiratory exchange ratio (R)].Results: Similar basal and exercise‐induced changes in physiological variables were observed in controls and alcoholic patients in all tests. Basal levels of ACTH and cortisol were similar in all tests performed on alcoholic patients and on normal controls. In normal subjects, exercise induced a significant increase in plasma ACTH and serum cortisol levels, with peak levels at 20 minutes for ACTH (84% higher than baseline) and at 30 minutes for cortisol (70% higher than baseline). After 4 weeks of abstinence, slight but not significant ACTH/cortisol responses to physical exercise were observed in alcoholic patients (mean peaks were 10 and 18% higher than baseline, respectively, for ACTH and cortisol). By contrast, when the exercise test was repeated after 6 weeks abstinence, ACTH/cortisol levels rose significantly versus baseline (mean peak levels of ACTH and cortisol were 48 and 38% higher than baseline, respectively, for ACTH and cortisol). However, the hormonal responses were significantly lower than in the normal controls. At 8 weeks of abstinence, ACTH/cortisol responses were significantly higher than 2 weeks previously, and were not distinguishable from the increments observed in the normal controls (76 and 68% higher than baseline, respectively, for ACTH and cortisol).Conclusions: In concurrence with previous reports showing alterations of the HPA axis in the central nervous system in alcohol‐dependent subjects, these data show a defect of the neuroendocrine mechanism(s) underlying the ACTH/cortisol response to physical exercise for at least a month after alcohol withdrawal, with reconstitution of a normal hormonal response at 8 weeks.
Intracoronary Thrombectomy with the Export Aspiration Catheter Before Angioplasty in Patients with ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: COHEN RÉMY , DOMNIEZ THIERRY , FOUCHER RÉMI , SFAXI ANIS , ELHADAD SIMON 
Published: March 2007

Objective: We aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of thrombectomy with the Export Aspiration Catheter (EAC) before angioplasty, and its ability to improve angiographic results in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Background: Distal embolization of atherothrombotic material often occurs during angioplasty in STEMI, compromising optimal myocardial reperfusion.
Methods: We performed a thrombus‐aspiration with EAC prior to angioplasty in 64 consecutive patients with STEMI. Successful thrombectomy was defined as an improvement of TIMI flow grade ≥1.
Results: Successful thrombectomy (increase of TIMI flow ≥1) was achieved in 40 patients (62.5%). Mean TIMI flow grade increased from 0.7 ± 1 to 1.9 ± 1.2 (p < 0.0001) after thrombectomy. TIMI flow grade 3 was observed more frequently after EAC compared with guidewire alone (51.5% vs. 9%, p = 0.0062). Direct stenting was performed in most of the patients (n = 41, 64%). Distal embolization and no reflow/slow flow phenomenon occurred in 8 patients (12.5%). No vessel injury after EAC thrombectomy was reported. After treatment with balloon angioplasty and/or stenting, final TIMI flow grade 3 was achieved in 54 patients (84.5%). By multivariate analysis, ischemic time < 6 hours was a significant independent predictor of successful thrombectomy (p = 0.0437).
Conclusions: Our series suggests that EAC thrombectomy prior to angioplasty in the setting of STEMI is safe and feasible. It might reduce the culprit coronary lesion's thrombus burden, leading to improved flow restoration and myocardial reperfusion. Further large randomized studies are warranted to confirm these preliminary results and to assess the impact of thrombus‐aspiration on infarct size as well as on clinical outcomes.
Different Types of Renal Dysfunction in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: KOWALCZYK JACEK , LENARCZYK RADOSLAW , KOWALSKI OSKAR , SREDNIAWA BEATA , MUSIALIK‐LYDKA AGATA , GASIOR MARIUSZ , POLONSKI LECH , ZEMBALA MARIAN , GUMPRECHT JANUSZ , KALARUS ZBIGNIEW 
Published: March 2007

Background: The prognostic significance of different types of renal dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been well characterized.
Methods: The single‐center AMI registry encompassed 1,486 consecutive AMI patients treated with PCI, who were followed by mean 29.7 months. Subjects with an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73m2 at baseline were selected (n = 283, 19.0%) and incorporated into the chronic kidney disease (CKD) group. The control group consisted of 1,203 subjects with normal renal function (81.0%). The CKD patients were divided into subgroups: with contrast‐induced nephropathy – CKD + CIN (n = 68, 4.6%) and without – CKD–CIN (n = 215, 14.5%).
Results: Remote mortality rate was significantly higher in CKD group (34.6%) and in particular subgroups: CKD + CIN (47.0%), CKD–CIN (31.0%) than in controls (9.1%, P < 0.001 for all study groups vs controls). Multivariate analysis identified CKD as an independent predictor of any‐cause death in the whole population (hazard ratio [HR] 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.60–1.94, P < 0.001). Similarly, CKD + CIN contrary to CKD–CIN had significant and independent influence on remote survival in study population (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.95–2.37, P < 0.001).
Conclusions: CKD and its types have significant, negative influence on long‐term survival in AMI patients treated with PCI. It is especially strongly expressed in those CKD patients who develop contrast‐induced nephropathy, which occurrence is an independent risk factor of mortality associated with over twofold increase of death hazard.