bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Inorganic Fillers on the Physical Properties of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Vulcanizates
Authors: Helaly F.M. , Badran A.S. , Ramadan A.M. 
Published: March 2007

The effect of different inorganic fillers such as lead silicate (amor phous or crystalline), burnt mazote boiler deposits (BMBD), aluminium oxide and ilmenite (FeTiO3) on the physical properties of different filled styrene- butadiene rubbers (SBR) has been investigated. The rate of vulcanization was increased according to the following order: lead silicate (amorphous or crystal line) > BMBD > aluminium oxide > ilmenite. Lead silicate of different types and BMBD were found to increase the tensile strength and resistance to abrasion. Dielectric constants (∈) for some of the com posites were determined. The lower (∈) values were obtained in the presence of aluminium oxide, burnt mazote and ilmenite while those obtained in the pres ence of different types of lead silicate were found to be higher.
A Method of Distinguishing Degree of Dispersion and Filler-Rubber Interaction in Silica- Filled Polyethylacrylate
Authors: Nakajima N. , Chu M.H. 
Published: March 2007

Both the degree of dispersion and filler-rubber interaction affect mechanical properties of uncured compounds. Because the better dispersion offers a possibility of developing the enhanced interaction, the two effects are difficult to separate. However, under certain conditions of mechanical measurements, one effect dominates the other. This study seeks such conditions. The silica-polyethylacrylate system was selected for two reasons: 1. The same partical-size silicas are available in forms that give different degrees of dispersion after the same mixing procedure is followed. 2. In some of the samples, a heat treatment significantly enhances the filler-rubber interaction. Dynamic mechanical measurements are, in general, ineffective for separating the two effects. In tensile stress-strain measurements, the effect of dispersion dominates the behavior at relatively small strains and the effect of interaction dominates at larger strains. Qualitatively speaking, the above observation has been recognized, and the approaches in this study offer quantitative means. Direct comparisons of tensile stress-strain curves are not easy; however, the conversion of the data into strain amplification makes it more lucid.
Determination of the Parameters of Ogden's Law Using Biaxial Data and Levenberg-Marquardt- Fletcher Algorithm
Authors: Benjeddou A. , Jankovich E. , Hadhri T. 
Published: March 2007

Ogden's constitutive law is often used in finite element simula tions of the behavior of mechanical parts containing rubber. This law has a phenomenological foundation and involves a serie of material parameters μ., α, which must be experimentally determined. Most of the works carried out in this field were based on experimental data published by Treloar in 1944. Theses results concern simple types of strain: simple tension, pure shear, or equi-biaxial tension. This single parameter validation is insufficient. Besides, the three one-parameter validations lead to different sets of material constants. In the present work we use two-parameter experimental data given by a biax ial extension experimental technique: a cylindrical tubular sample with a thin wall is either stretched along its major axis or inflated uniformly. This tech nique allows the imposition of deformation along the two principal directions in an independent manner (1 ≤ λ, ≤ 2.7; 1 ≤ λ 2 ≤ 2.5). The third stretch is deduced by using the incompressibility property. The material constants are then numerically determined by means of a syste matic optimization procedure based on the adaptation of the Levenberg- Marquardt-Fletcher algorithm, initiated by Levenberg-Marquardt (1963) and recently modified by Fletcher (1987). Ogden's law parameters numerically determined by this procedure permit one to calculate numerical values of the principal stresses corresponding to the experimental values of the principal stretches. The agreement of the numerical values with the experimental ones over the whole field of stretches is moder ately good in the case of order two Ogden's law and very satisfactory in the case of order three Ogden's law.
Socio-Rhetorical Criticism and the Parable of the Tenants
Authors: Hester James D. 
Published: March 2007

This article seeks to provide a new and hitherto unexplored interpretation to the parable of the Tenants (found in Mt. 21.33-46, Mk 12.1-12, Lk. 20.9-19 and Gos. Thom. 65). By eliminating allegorical accretions found in the canonical tradition, the story is seen to focus on the relationship of the Jewish farmer to his/her land. This relationship is explored within the important theo-political theme of 'inheritance', a catchword of great significance when viewed against ancient religious traditions cen tering upon 'the promise of the land' given by YHWH to the people. When the parable was spoken to a first-century audience sensitive to the issue of landedness, two significant but contrary reactions were recorded within the tradition. On the one hand, the Gospel of Thomas testifies to a very early connection with a theme of reversal, as evidenced by the stone quotation from Psalm 118. When set against the narrative structure of the parable, it is seen that this theme of reversal applies to the landless tenants who are in the position to secure access to the land through the death of the son (legally or not). On the other hand, another tradition expected a vengeful response on the part of the landowner. It was this tradition, once a post-Easter rein terpretation of parable as prophecy held sway, which was the historical successor, easily incorporating the theme of reversal, now referring to the resurrected Lord. Potential for future exploration in parable research along this line is suggested. One of the more important nuances, however, is the careful consideration of varying interpretations within the same audience construct. With this important caveat, the potential for socio-rhetorical reading of the parable tradition is significant in providing a new method within parable scholarship.
Amica Pauli: the Role of Phoebe in the Early Church
Authors: Whelan Caroline F. 
Published: March 2007

The role of Phoebe in the early Church has long been the subject of debate. There is a lack of understanding of the terminoogy used by Paul to describe her— διακoνoς and πρoστατις. Moreover, little attempt has been made to relate these terms to the context of voluntary associations where such terms are particularly common. In this paper the role of Phoebe is re-examined drawing upon the recent disciplines of epistolary analysis and rhetorical interpretation. It is expected that once the social and literary contexts have been clarified, a historically nuanced reading of Rom. 16.1-3 will be possible.
The Law About Liquids: a Rejoinder
Authors: Maccoby Hyam 
Published: March 2007

Jesus' saying, 'First clean the inside' (Mt. 23.25-26), is a metaphor about hypocrisy taken not from the context of ritual purity (as argued by Jacob Neusner), but from that of the ordinary washing of dirty dishes. The ritual purity law concerning the inside and outside of non-earthenware vessels probably did not exist in the time of Jesus, and is in any case unsuitable as a metaphor for hypocrisy. This was argued by me in an earlier article. John C. Poirier has criticized my argument on the grounds that the distinction between inside and outside didexist in Jesus' time and that metaphors are more com plex than I represented. His argument, however, is characterized by incomprehen sion of rabbinic concepts of ritual purity, and by muddled ideas about metaphor.
Signed English in the classroom, I. Teaching style and child participation
Authors: Wood David , Wood Heather 
Published: March 2007

Signed English is a system of communication involving the simul taneous use of spoken and signed morphemes expressed in English grammar. It has been invented for use with pre-lingually deaf children, the aspiration behind its creation being both to facilitate communication and to help in the acquisition of English. In this paper (the first of a series of four: 'S.E.C. I-IV') we replicate and extend previous studies of classroom discourse to teachers and pupils conversing in Signed English. Analyses show that the relations between aspects of teaching 'style' and pupil participation in discourse are similar to those found in oral communication between teachers with both deaf and hearing children. The extent to which children contribute to the discourse, elaborate on their answers to questions, ask questions, address each other and show signs of misunderstanding are, as in previous work, predictable from analyses of teaching style. Measures of child loquacity also relate to the manner in which teachers control and pace discourse. Previous analyses are extended by multiple linear regression (MLR) techniques to explore in detail the relationships between measures of teaching style, characteristics of children and the emergent discourse measures. The results show that different measures of child participation relate in different ways to a common set of teacher and child factors. The implications of such findings for issues about cause and effect in language development are addressed.
Young children's detection of semantic anomaly
Authors: Robinson E.J. 
Published: March 2007

Four- to six-year-olds listened to sets of questions which were easy, difficult or semantically anomalous, or to sets of verbal clues which were unambiguous, ambiguous or semantically anomalous. Half the children judged whether the questions/clues were good or silly. The others responded by answering the questions or interpreting the clues if they could, or by pointing to a 'mystery man' if they could not. The children discriminated between easy, difficult and semantically anomalous questions. Unambiguous clues were treated differently from ambiguous and semantically anomalous ones, but children did not treat these latter two kinds differently. Detection of problems seemed to be much poorer with clues than with questions. We relate the results to those of previous work in which children were found to answer rather than refuse to answer semantically anomalous questions. Results are also discussed in the broader context of children's ability to detect and understand the source of problems with inadequate oral input. Children may find it easier to analyse the quality of oral input when it has no implications for action on the outside world.
Motivational Strategies Used by Dietitians to Counsel Individuals With Diabetes
Authors: Brown Stacy L. , Pope Janet F. , Hunt Alice E. , Tolman Nancy M. 
Published: March 2007

The purposes of this study were to determine the use and perceived effectiveness of motivational strategies used by dietitians and to evaluate dietitians' perceptions of barriers to client compliance. A three-part questionnaire with 32 motivational strategies, 16 barriers to adherence, and demographic information was designed and mailed to 862 members of the American Dietetic Association's Diabetes Care and Education Dietetic Practice Group. Statistical analyses included frequency distributions, chi-square analysis, and factor analysis. Only 13 of the 32 motivational strategies were used frequently by 50% or more of the dietitians. The main strategy based on perceived effectiveness was "Tailor the diet to the client's lifestyle. " Strategies perceived as effective also were used frequently by a majority of the dietitians. There were differences in use of strategies based on practice setting, CDE certification, and education level. The most significant barrier to adherence was "Complications with lifestyle/competing demands. " Factor analysis revealed nine factors for motivational strategies and five factors for barriers to adherence.
4. Information Service, MIND (National Association for Mental Health)
Authors: Drake Robert F. 
Published: March 2007

MIND (National Association for Mental Health), formed in 1946 from the former National Council for Mental Hygiene and other bodies in the U.K., has developed an information service designed to provide data on all aspects of mental health to patients and their relatives, and to profes sional workers and the public. Databanks are maintained at MIND's headquarters in London and in each of the regional offices in Cardiff, Sheffield, Leeds, Preston and Gateshead. The regulation of the databanks is governed by a common thesaurus of subject headings, enabling rapid and accurate exchange of information throughout the organisation. An advice service is available to users, especially regarding legal and welfare rights and benefits; referral to other voluntary agencies; and profiles of statutory mental health services throughout the U.K. In addition, the service offers back-up to MIND's 160 local groups which provide practical projects involving patients and ex-psychiatric patients. An increasing number of organisations in the voluntary sector, charities and other agencies, are recognising the importance of information resources in the conduct of their work. The information services of the mental health organisa tion MIND are long established and perhaps amongst the most advanced in the voluntary sphere. This article offers a profile of MIND's information services, and provides at the same time an example of the approach taken by many such groups to satisfy their requirements.
New technology and exchange formats
Authors: Hopkinson A. 
Published: March 2007

The last 15 years have seen a tremendous growth in the exchange of bibliographic records between organizations which has been assisted by advances in information technology. The library community has developed UNIMARC and the abstracting and indexing community are using the UNISIST Reference Manual to facilitate the transfer of bibliographic data between databases. Unesco is establishing a Common Communication Format in an attempt to bridge the gap between the library and A & I communities. However, different practices in record creation between organizations providing records mean that records from different sources cannot always be merged com fortably into one database even if they have been converted into the same exchange format. One way of achieving the necessary compatibility between records from different sources is by editing the records as they are received. This can be time-consuming and can make the use of records from outside sources uneconomic. New technology, in the form of intelligent terminals, can make this more of a practical proposition. Records can be obtained on-line from external databases and can then be changed either by the intervention of the operator or by programs in the terminal which can make changes to the data or tags of particular fields before adding the records to the file. Very little research has been done on the economics of using intelligent terminals to edit records but this kind of operation is likely to increase in the future as more bibliographic systems using intelligent termi nals are developed.
The valuing of management information. Part II: Using the cost of not having information
Authors: Carter M.P. 
Published: March 2007

This article is the second in a series of four articles con cerned with the valuing of management information. The first three articles examine the major approaches to valuation, the final one summarizes and links together these methods into a practical approach to the valuing of management information. This article examines an approach to the valuing of mana gement information, by examining the consequences of not collecting or producing the information, turning this into a cost and then equating it to the value of the information to the organisation. This approach is tested in the article against several examples of management information.
Synopsis publishing for improving the accessibility of 'grey' scholarly information
Authors: van der Heij Dirk G. 
Published: March 2007

In the 1970s, synopsis publishing was one of the topics raised in discussions on the future of primary communication. Tradi tional publishing practices were widely felt to be inefficient for users and producers alike. Since economic constraints were the main incentive for most synopsis publishing experiments, inter est in this idea faded away when journal publishers no longer felt that their journals' future was jeopardized, though author resistance was the main cause of the early discontinuation of many of these experiments. In this paper a plea is made for the virtues of synopsis publishing, not only as an economic necess ity but also for fundamental reasons, for the possibility it gives to separate physically the access, dissemination and archival functions of primary journals. Several attempts have been, and are being, made to improve the accessibility and availability of 'grey' scholarly literature, a large proportion of the world's scientific literature. Thus paper discusses some of these attempts and suggests that the dissemi nation function could be improved by bridging the gap between the bibliographic information in databases and the full docu ments in depositories. Most experiments in synopsis publishing so far have been based on full papers used as back-up for the synopses; the full papers were either published in mini- or microform, or made available on request. Grey literature as back-up to synopses has hardly been discussed in the literature, and the only standard on synopsis publishing issued so far treats this possibility only in an aside. This paper discusses the applicability of the synop sis publishing principle to grey reports and concludes that such ventures are likely to meet less disapproval and resistance from authors and other parties involved than are article-based sys tems. In 1984, Pudoc established the Netherlands Agricultural Report Depository (NARD), a venture in synopsis publishing based on Dutch unpublished reports in agriculture and (ap plied) biology. NARD's approach, procedures and early results are briefly discussed.
A bibliometric critique of the EURISTOTE database
Authors: Bottle R.T. , Voudouris C.E. 
Published: March 2007

Some bibliometric characteristics of university research on European Integration were investigated via the EURISTOTE database and its equivalent printed sources. Of 14,065 records in the database, 67% referred to studies in progress or completed and 33% to researchers. It is thus of the mixed bibliographic and factual type. "Sectoral affairs of the European Communities" were the most studied subject (35.7%) not surprisingly as they include "Agriculture" (18% of "Sectoral affairs" and 6.5% of the total number of database entries by subject). Germany produced the largest number of studies (24%), whilst the Communrty countries indmdually and the European Communities as a whole were the most studied countries (78.5%). The low proportion of research published as a periodical article (20%) was characteristic of social science literature. "Other research reports" was the dominant document form (44%) French was the most popular language of publication (28%), whilst English was the most common working language of the researchers (27%). Of the researchers studying European Integration prob lems. two thirds held the academic rank of Professor or its equivalent. Economics and Law were their most common academic disciplines (33% each). Keyboarding errors are observable but few. Missing data, probahly due to incomplete questionnaire returns, are quite high In some fields.
Possible inaccuracies occurring in citation analysis
Authors: Moed H.F. , Vriens M. 
Published: March 2007

Citation analysis of scientific articles constitutes an im portant tool in quantitative studies of science and technology. Moreover, citation indexes are used frequently in searches for relevant scientific documents. In this article we focus on the issue of reliability of citation analysis. How accurate are cita tion counts to individual scientific articles? What pitfalls might occur in the process of data collection? To what extent do 'random' or 'systematic' errors affect the results of the citation analysis? We present a detailed analysis of discrepancies between target articles and cited references with respect to author names, publication year, volume number, and starting page number. Our data consist of some 4500 target articles pub lished in five scientific journals, and 25000 citations to these articles. Both target and citation data were obtained from the Science Citation Index, produced by the Institute for Scientific Information. It appears that in many cases a specific error in a citation to a particular target article occurs in more than one citing publication. We present evidence that authors in compiling reference lists, may copy references from reference lists in other articles, and that this may be one of the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon of multiple' variations/errors.
Some Social Psychological Effects of Direct and Indirect Participation in Ten Swedish Companies
Authors: Rubenowitz Sigvard , Norrgren Flemming , Tannenbaum Arnold S. 
Published: March 2007

Sweden has introduced schemes of participation widely in its industrial and business organizations. We present in this article data concerning some of the social psychological effects of two forms of participation, indirect and direct, in ten Swedish factories. Indirect participation entails decision making through representatives of the employees; direct participation entails decision making by the employees them selves. Theories propose that participation has the effect of enhancing member reactions such as sense of commitment, favourable attitude and satisfaction in the company and of reducing dysfunctional reactions such as absenteeism. The data from these companies appear consistent with the above theories insofar as direct participation is concerned but not with respect to indirect participation. The data support the view that participation is likely to have the predicted effects on the reactions of members to the extent that participation is felt as a personal experience. Members are likely to feel committed and satisfied, first and foremost to the extent that they perceive themselves personally to have authority to make decisions; second, and in lesser degree, to the extent that they perceive their immediate work group to make decisions, and hardly at all to the extent that they perceive that decisions are made by representatives. These findings are consistent with conclusions drawn earlier by a number of researchers. They are inconsistent with the expectation underlying the laws of participation in Sweden (and in most other countries of Europe) insofar as these laws mandate indirect participation exclusively and are formulated with the expectation that such participation will have the positive psychological outcomes that many advocates of participation claim.
Statistical Information Systems and Management1
Authors: Thomas Ray 
Published: March 2007

Information systems are usually seen as reflecting and/or reinforcing a hierarchical structure. But interorganizational nonhierarchical uses indicate that statistics contri bute to coordination through self-management of otherwise independent organizations. Studies of organizations show that statistical information systems contribute in similar ways to the coordination of activities of subunits and individuals within the organization. The paper advocates that statistical information systems should be independent of management and should operate according to an ought-to-know rather than the usual need-to-know principle. Coordination is fostered if each contributing individual or subunit receives statistics relating that individual's or subunit's activities in the context in which such statistics are seen by management.