bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skull osteology, neuroanatomy, and jaw‐related myology of the pig‐nosed turtle Carettochelys insculpta (Cryptodira, Trionychia)
Authors: Rollot Yann , Evers Serjoscha W. , Ferreira Gabriel S. , Girard Léa C. , Werneburg Ingmar , Joyce Walter G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe osteology, neuroanatomy, and musculature are known for most primary clades of turtles (i.e., “families”), but knowledge is still lacking for one particular clade, the Carettochelyidae. Carettochelyids are represented by only one living taxon, the pig‐nosed turtle Carettochelys insculpta. Here, we use micro‐computed tomography of osteological and contrast‐enhanced stained specimens to describe the cranial osteology, neuroanatomy, circulatory system, and jaw musculature of Carettochelys insculpta. The jaw‐related myology is described in detail for the first time for this taxon, including m. zygomaticomandibularis, a muscular unit only found in trionychians. We also document a unique arterial pattern for the internal carotid artery and its subordinate branches and provide an extensive list of osteological ontogenetic differences. The present work provides new insights into the craniomandibular anatomy of turtles and will allow a better understanding of the evolutionary history of the circulatory system of trionychians and intraspecific variation among turtles.
Design of Wide‐Temperature Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yang Hang , Zhao Yangmingyue , Li Suo , Tong Hao , Li Libo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn electrochemical energy storage (EES), lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries have recently gained recognition for their exceptional theoretical specific capacity, making them stand out among a wide range of cutting‐edge energy storage technologies. While Li−S batteries demonstrate a long cycle life under regular conditions, expanding their application scenarios is crucial for their future development. Specifically, ensuring stable battery operation in extreme temperature environments, such as below 0 °C and above 60 °C, becomes paramount. Thus, this review aims to summarize the recent progress of Li−S batteries in extreme temperature ranges and analyse the processability of critical materials within these batteries at extreme temperatures. Ultimately, this review presents insights and potential prospects for Li−S battery systems operating within a wide temperature range, contributing to advancing energy storage devices capable of functioning across various temperatures.
Cumulative incidence and risk factors for recurrence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma in patients undergoing radical cystectomy
Authors: Yamashita Ryo , Nakamura Masafumi , Notsu Akifumi , Asakura Koiku , Usui Kimitsugu , Sakura Yuma , Shinsaka Hideo , Matsuzaki Masato , Sugino Takashi , Mizuno Ryuichi , Niwakawa Masashi , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the cumulative incidence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) recurrence and identify its risk factors in patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC).Patients and methodsWe performed RC on 385 patients between September 2002 and February 2020. After excluding 20 patients—13 with simultaneous nephroureterectomy, 6 with distal ureteral stump positivity and 1 with urachal cancer—365 patients were included in the analysis. To predict UTUC recurrence, we examined the cancer extension pattern in cystectomy specimens and categorized them into three types: cancer located only in the bladder (bladder‐only type), cancer extending to the urethra or distal ureter (one‐extension type) and cancer extending to both the urethra and distal ureter (both‐extension type). We determined hazard ratios for UTUC recurrence for each covariate, including this cancer extension pattern.ResultsOf the 365 patients, 60% had the bladder‐only type, 30% had the one‐extension type and 10% had the both‐extension type. During a median follow‐up period of 72 months for survivors, UTUC recurred in 25 of the 365 patients, with cumulative incidences of 3.7% at 5 years and 8.3% at 10 years. The median interval from cystectomy to recurrence was 65 months (interquartile range: 36–92 months). In the multivariate analysis, the extension pattern was a significant predictor of UTUC recurrence. The hazard ratios for UTUC recurrence were 3.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15–8.43, p = 0.025) for the one‐extension type and 5.96 (95% CI = 1.98–17.91, p = 0.001) for the both‐extension type compared with the bladder‐only type.ConclusionsThe cancer extension pattern in cystectomy specimens is predictive of UTUC recurrence. A more extensive cancer extension in cystectomy specimens elevates the risk of subsequent UTUC recurrence. Intensive long‐term monitoring is essential, particularly for patients with the both‐extension type.
Boundary conditions for the positive skew bias
Authors: Frank Colleen C. , Abiodun Sade J. , Seaman Kendra L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGambles that involve a large but unlikely gain coupled with a small but likely loss—like a lottery ticket—are known as positively skewed. There is evidence that people tend to prefer these positively skewed choices, leading to what is called a positive‐skew bias. In this study, we attempt to better understand under what conditions people are more drawn towards positively skewed, relative to symmetric, gambles. Based on the animal literature, there is reason to believe that preference for skewed gambles is dependent on the strength of the skew, with a greater preference for more strongly skewed options. In two online studies (Study 1: N = 209; Study 2: N = 210), healthy participants across the lifespan (ages 22–85) made a series of choices between a positively skewed risky gamble and either a certain outcome (Study 1) or risky symmetric gamble (Study 2). Logistic regression analyses revealed that people were more likely to choose moderately and strongly skewed gambles over certain outcomes, with the exception of when there were large potential losses (Study 1). However, a stronger skewness did not increase preference for positively skewed gambles over symmetric gambles, findings that also may depend on the valence of the expected outcome (Study 2). Taken together, these results suggest that there may be a greater preference for more strongly positively skewed gambles, but it (1) is dependent on what other gamble is presented and (2) is most prevalent for positive expected values. Additionally, contrary to previous findings, we did not find strong evidence of an age‐related increase in positive skew bias in either study. However, exploratory analyses revealed that decision making strategy and cognitive abilities may play a role.
Prospects of antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Hu Lidan , Wang Wenmin , Chen Xiangjun , Bai Guannan , Ma Liangjian , Yang Xin , Shu Qiang , Li Xuekun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases (NDs) stand for a group of disorders characterized by the progressive loss of neurons in the brain and peripheral organs, resulting in motor and cognitive dysfunction. The global prevalence of NDs, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is on the rise globally, primarily due to an aging population, positioning NDs as an increasing significant public health concern. Despite intensive research, few effective therapies that prevent or delay ND progression have been developed. Mounting evidence indicates that one of the well‐defined risk factors for NDs is type 2 diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance has also been proven to be related to cognitive decline. Certain antidiabetic drugs, such as glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma agonists, and metformin, have shown promise in offering neuroprotective benefits and alleviating ND symptoms beyond their glucose‐lowering effects. Although the exact mechanisms remain elusive, these drugs offer a promising novel strategy for managing cognitive disorders. In this review, we first highlight the benefits and specific neuroprotective effects of multiple antidiabetic drugs and discuss the main mechanisms of action of antidiabetic drugs in treating NDs. These mechanisms include reducing protein aggregation and improving apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Finally, we summarize clinical trials evaluating these drugs for treating NDs.
‘Don't just magically assume you're going to get better as a therapist as time goes on’: An exploration of the use of deliberate practice
Authors: Mahon Daryl 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeDeliberate practice (DP) is an emerging concept in counselling and psychotherapy research that can be used to effectively help practitioners develop a host of therapy skills and processes. However, to date, no studies have examined its use in naturalistic settings with professionally qualified practitioners.MethodsA qualitative descriptive approach using content analysis was employed with a purposive sample of international practitioners who were using DP in naturalistic settings. The sample consisted of therapists (N = 6) from five different countries, identifying as male (N = 5) and female (N = 1).ResultsSix categories were developed from qualitative interviews: (1) motivation for engaging in DP; (2) the impact of definition and operationalisation; (3) what to practice; (4) how to practice DP; (5) use of supports to develop DP; and (6) the emotional impact of DP. Deliberate practice is still in its infancy, and its definition may not translate into psychotherapy without modification. Participants described using DP to develop a host of psychotherapy skills and processes, and found support structures such as supervision and peers as helpful in the DP process. However, DP was also described as challenging to practice and it can cause those engaging in it to feel vulnerable and distressed. Implications are discussed for practice and future research.ConclusionDeliberate practice is an emerging method used by practitioners to improve their skill acquisition. However, a lack of consensus on its key features may limit the extent of its dissemination and utility to practitioners in naturalistic settings. Further research should seek to provide a definition of DP more consistent with the practice of psychotherapy, and how to operationalise DP using methods that are inclusive for all practitioners whilst acknowledging the potential impact it can have on their sense of self.
Social‐oriented versus task‐oriented streamer interaction styles on live streaming e‐commerce: Empirical research in China
Authors: Zhang Depeng , Fu Lihong , Ma Jiaxin , Chen Chunfeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLive streaming commerce has seen significant growth in recent years. While the interaction style of streamers with consumers is crucial in influencing engagement behaviour, there is limited understanding of how a streamer's interaction style affects consumer engagement. This study, based on epistemic vigilance mechanisms, explores the effect of streamers' interaction styles (social‐oriented versus task‐oriented) on consumer engagement. It also investigates the mediating role of epistemic vigilance and the moderating role of consumer expertise. The study's findings, derived from three experiments, are as follows. First, social‐oriented interaction styles, compared with task‐oriented styles, are more likely to boost consumer engagement. Second, task‐oriented interaction styles lead to increased consumer epistemic vigilance, which subsequently decreases their engagement. Third, social‐oriented interaction styles enhance engagement intentions among consumers with high expertise compared to those with low expertise. These insights will provide live streaming commerce managers with a better understanding of consumers' psychological activities, enabling them to effectively design streamers' interaction strategies for marketing activities.
The Role of Cobalt‐Based Cocatalysts on BiVO4 for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Nie Zhiwei , Zhang Boyang , Zhang Jifang , Hu Kejing , Ma Guijun , Yang Nan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCocatalysts play a key role in enhancing activity of photoelectrodes while the study of their interaction remains a challenge. Here, we decoupled the relationship between oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation performance by modifying an identical BiVO4 with different cobalt‐based OER catalysts including Co, CoO, Co3O4, and Co4N. The electrochemical OER activities of these cobalt specimens were quite similar. Their anodic photocurrent density followed an order of: Co4N>Co>Co3O4>CoO after loading on the BiVO4 electrode. The kinetics process and energy band diagram were analyzed, revealing that the interface between different cobalt specimens and BiVO4 electrode influenced the charge recombination and transfer. Accordingly, we propose a corresponding structural model, which shows that the cocatalysts consist of inner part for interface modulation and the outer layer for catalysis. The present work reveals the vital role of contact interface between cocatalysts and semiconductors, and more attention should be paid when selecting the cocatalysts.
Recent Advancements in Continuous‐Flow Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling Utilizing Immobilized Molecular Palladium Complexes
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhong , Yamada Yoichi M. A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractImmobilized Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling under continuous‐flow conditions using a packed‐bed reactor, representing an efficient, automated, practical, and safe technology compared to conventional batch‐type reactions. The core objective of this study is the development of an active and durable catalyst. In contrast to supported Pd nanoparticles, the attachment of Pd complexes onto solid supports through well‐defined coordination sites is considered a favorable approach for preparing highly dispersed and stabilized Pd species. These species can be directly employed in various flow reactions without the need for pre‐treatment. This concept paper explores recent achievements involving the application of immobilized Pd complexes as precatalysts for continuous‐flow Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling. Our focus is to elucidate the significance of the designed catalyst structures in relation to their catalytic performance under flow conditions. Additionally, we highlight various reaction systems and catalyst packing methods, emphasizing their crucial roles in establishing a practical synthesis process.
Photosensitizers Enable the Formation of Biphenyls with UV‐LEDs and Sunlight
Authors: Haensch Veit G. , Hertweck Christian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe regioselective synthesis of biphenyls, which are economically important pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and liquid crystals, is a challenging task. Current methods rely on metal‐dependent cross‐coupling reactions, which unfortunately require the use of harmful halogenated aryls and heavy metal catalysts that are toxic and difficult to remove from the final products. Recently, we have circumvented these problems by developing a metal‐free and broadly applicable photochemical method for biphenyl synthesis using UV−C light, called photosplicing. Here we present an improved method using photosensitizers in combination with UV−B, UV−A light, or sunlight. Using a high‐precision flow reactor with deep‐UV LEDs, we investigated the ability of commonly available organic photosensitizers to enhance the photosplicing reaction and identified a number of suitable photosensitizers with the required triplet energy. This method allows for easy batch synthesis of biaryls in borosilicate glassware and paves the way for their large‐scale production without the need for flow reactors.
Performance of a novel cobalt phthalocyanine sulfonamide‐based catalyst for oxidative desulphurization of gas condensate
Authors: Mirvakili Azadeh , Baghzar Ahmad , Hooshyar Milad , Zahabi Kimia , Azin Reza , Kazemzadeh Yousef 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSulphur compounds and mercaptans in gas condensate cause corrosion problems, poison catalysts in catalytic processes, and have adverse environmental impact through SOx emission upon combustion. Therefore, it is essential to remove sulphur and mercaptan from gas condensate to standard levels. In this study, the oxidative desulphurization (ODS) process in the presence of a cobalt phthalocyanine sulfonamide‐based catalyst was investigated. The homogeneous catalyst containing 23 wt.% active material was used and optimum operating conditions of temperature, volume ratio of caustic to gas condensate, caustic concentration, and solvent amount were determined to decrease sulphur content to less than 500 ppm and mercaptan to less than 200 ppm. The catalyst consumption in all experiments was kept constant at a minimum level (0.01 g/400 mL gas condensate). Results showed that this catalyst improved the reaction rate in the lower temperature and lower caustic to feed ratio and lower caustic concentration. The maximum sulphur removal was obtained at 5°C and 4 vol.% of caustic to gas condensate ratio at 16.7 wt.% of caustic concentration. Moreover, this catalyst improved sulphur removal from the gas condensate to about 5% compared to caustic sweeting without catalyst. Sulphur compounds had higher solubility in acetone rather than methanol, and sulphur removal by acetone was 96% while it was 91% for methanol. Finally, the economical and acceptable solvent for sulfoxides removal was methanol with 5% volume fraction.
Exploring mc‐Silicon Wafers: Utilizing Machine Learning to Enhance Wafer Quality Through Etching Studies
Authors: Raji Madhesh , Balakrishnapillai Suseela Sreeja , Manikkam Srinivasan , Anbazhagan Gowthami , Kutsukake Kentaro , Thamotharan Keerthivasan , Rajavel Ramadoss , Usami Noritaka , Perumalsamy Ramasamy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper provides a method for improving the photovoltaic conversion efficiency and optical attributes of silicon solar cells manufactured from as‐cut boron doped p‐type multi‐crystalline silicon wafers using acid‐based chemical texturization via machine learning. A decreased reflectance, which can be attained by the right chemical etching conditions, is one of the key elements for raising solar cell efficiency. In this work, the mc‐Silicon wafer surface reflectance is obtained under (<2%) after optimization of wet chemical etching. The HF + HNO3 + CH3COOH chemical etchant is used in the ratio 1:3:2 at different conditions of the etching duration of 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, and 4 min, respectively. The as‐cut boron doped p‐type mc‐silicon wafers are analysed with ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, optical microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, thickness profilometer, and scanning electron microscopy before and after etching. The chemical etching solution produces good results in 3 min etched wafer, with a reflectivity value of <2%.The reflectivity and optical images are inputs to the convolutional neural network model and the linear regression model to obtain the etching rate for better reflectivity. The classification model provides 99.6% accuracy and the regression model results in the minimum mean squared error (MSE) of 0.062.
Severe storm damage and short‐term weather stresses on corn: A review
Authors: Lindsey Alexander J. , Ortez Osler A. , Thomison Peter R. , Carter Paul R. , Coulter Jeffrey A. , Roth Greg W. , Carrijo Daniela R. , Quinn Daniel J. , Licht Mark A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdverse weather conditions from acute events (e.g., storms causing lodging, flooding, or hail) or short‐duration weather patterns (i.e., periods of cold events; extended waterlogged field conditions) can result in yield losses, though management practices may play key roles in aiding with crop recovery or avoidance of these stress events. This review summarizes current knowledge (with emphasis placed on the US Midwest) related to corn response to short‐term weather stresses of (i) cold temperature, (ii) excess water, (iii) hail/defoliation damage, and (iv) wind damage. Each section presents summaries of how corn growth and yield are affected, provides context into past events experienced, identifies agronomic or production recommendations to correct or alleviate the stress condition, and proposes areas where future research is needed. This review also highlights challenges associated with controlled simulation work on these stressors, and also identifies key areas to expand future research efforts. In general, yield losses associated with strong storms and short‐term weather events often ranged from 5% to 35%, but extreme cases could result in up to 80%–100% yield loss. Much of the literature on these topics was published prior to 1995, though it still forms the basis for modern agronomic guidance, which is problematic given the changes in agriculture in the last 20 years in management practices, available genetics and technologies, and changing environmental conditions. Revisiting these foundational studies and expanding them to examine current and future weather conditions are critical for better informing agronomic recommendations, for devising mitigation strategies, and for determining accurate yield loss expectations following these stresses.
Does corporate governance influence readability of the report by the chairman of the board of directors? The case of Jordanian listed companies
Authors: Herenia Gutiérrez‐Ponce , Julián Chamizo González , Al‐mohareb Manar Moffadi Awad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigates whether readability of the president's statement is linked to both company performance and factors related to corporate governance in an emerging market context. We analyse Jordanian manufacturing companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during the period 2017–2021. An exploratory study using panel data from ASE, parametric correlations, and regression models shows the relationship between readability of the president's statement, corporate governance, and characteristics of the board of directors. The results indicate that corporate governance significantly moderates readability of the president's statement and the firm's performance. The results also show a relationship between readability of the chairman's statement and directors' accounting experience and confirm that independence of the board of directors and concentration of ownership affect readability of the accounting disclosures in the chairman's statement. Finally, poor board compliance significantly mitigates the association between board features and readability of the chairman's statement. These findings help to explain how and why firms adjust their information disclosure and transparency practices, affecting corporate reporting credibility and efficacy. This study is one of few to examine how board features affect readability of the president's statement within the Jordanian legal framework, which is plagued by poor board compliance due in part to constant amendments.