bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The benefits of combining elemental sulfur with a DMI fungicide to control Monilinia fructicola isolates resistant to propiconazole
Authors: Holb Imre J , Schnabel Guido 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Management of demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide resistance in Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey is a priority in peach orchards of the southeastern United States, but DMI fungicides are still an important component of antiresistance strategies in view of the few effective alternatives. The goal of this study was to investigate potential benefits of a sulfur/propiconazole mixture for the control of propiconazole‐resistant isolates.RESULTS: The mixture provided the best control for propiconazole‐resistant isolates, regardless of protective or curative application timings, or the presence or absence of fruit injury. Propiconazole‐resistant isolates developed disease on detached fruit after protective or curative applications of propiconazole or its mixture with sulfur, but protective applications of the mixture significantly reduced (P = 0.05) disease symptoms compared with the individual compounds. Additive to slightly synergistic effects were observed for the mixture in protective treatments of peaches inoculated with propiconazole‐resistant isolates.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the addition of elemental sulfur to a DMI fungicide is likely to be a relatively inexpensive means to improve brown rot control in peach production areas where reduced sensitivity to DMI fungicides is suspected but has not led to noticeable control failure. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Residue distribution of the acaricide coumaphos in honey following application of a new slow‐release formulation
Authors: Karazafiris Emmanuel , Tananaki Chrysoula , Menkissoglu‐Spiroudi Urania , Thrasyvoulou Andreas 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAcaricide used in beehives for the control of varroa often leaves residues in bee products. The behaviour and distribution of the acaricide coumaphos in honey following the application of a new slow‐release strip formulation (CheckMite+) was assessed. The bee colonies were allowed to build new combs without foundation, and two strips were hung in the brood chamber of each colony for a period of 42 days. The distribution of coumaphos residues in honey in relation to the position of the frame and the duration of treatment was examined by collecting samples from each comb at various time intervals up to 145 days after treatment. In the brood chamber, coumaphos was incorporated into honey from the first day of application, and residues accumulated mainly in combs placed next to strips. In the adjacent combs, residues remained at low concentrations with slight variations. In the honey chamber, residue concentrations on the day of strip removal ranged between 0.006 and 0.020 mg kg−1, while 79 days after application the concentration of coumaphos residues was below 0.020 mg kg−1. Residues above the EC fixed maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.1 mg kg−1 were measured only in brood chamber honey obtained from those combs placed next to strips. In these samples, 0.060–0.111 mg kg−1 of coumaphos was detected up to 103 days after strip removal. Coumaphos residues in honey extracted from combs that were placed at the edge of the brood chamber were found below the MRL value, even during the 42 day period of CheckMite+ strip treatment. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Infrared characterization of ZnO films on Si substrates
Authors: Engelbrecht J. A. A. , Roro K. T. , Swanepoel R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe refractive index and extinction coefficient of ZnO films on Si substrates were obtained in the infrared region from calculations and from employing infrared reflectance spectroscopy. The reflectivity R of the samples were expressed as function of the complex dielectric function, including the use of a modified envelope method, and dielectric parameters obtained from computer curve fitting of reflectance spectra. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of sol‐gel SiO2:Ce,Tb powder and pulsed laser deposited thin film phosphors
Authors: Ntwaeaborwa O. M. , Dhlamini M. S. , Harris R. A. , Botha J. R. , Buttner U. , Swart H. C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThin films of SiO2:Ce,Tb (Ce = Tb = 0.5 mol%) nanoparticulate phosphor (nanophosphor) were ablated on Si (100) substrates using either the conventional pulsed laser deposition (PLD) or pulsed reactive crossed beam laser ablation (PRCLA) technique. Morphology and surface topography of the films were analysed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) respectively. The chemical composition and thicknesses of the films were determined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). Luminescence properties of the films were studied with cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy and a 325 nm HeCd laser. Enhanced green cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence (PL) associated with 5D4→7F4 transitions in Tb3+ was observed at ∼540 nm in powder and thin film samples, and is attributed to non‐radiative energy transfer from co‐doped Ce3+. Luminescence intensities of the films and that of the SiO2:Ce,Tb powder used to make the films are compared. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparations and luminescent properties of PbS nanoparticle phosphors incorporated in a SiO2 matrix
Authors: Dhlamini M. S. , Terblans J. J. , Ntwaeaborwa O. M. , Joubert H. D. , Swart H. C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA synthetic route for the preparation of luminescent PbS nanoparticles encapsulated in SiO2 at room temperature by the sol‐gel process is presented. The particle size and morphology of the PbS nanoparticles were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The particle sizes were estimated from the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) peaks using the Scherrer's equation. The measured particle sizes were in the range of 10 to 50 nm inside the SiO2 matrix. The cathodoluminescence (CL) measured with a Fiber Optics PC2000 spectrometer showed the emission peak to be at the wavelength of 680 nm. The phosphor was degraded in an oxygen atmosphere. The chemical composition of the prepared samples was analyzed by an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) was used to measure the surface chemical composition of the SiO2:PbS nanoparticles before and after electron degradation. XPS analysis on the degraded spot showed the development of characteristic SiO, SiOx and elemental Si peaks on the low‐energy side of the SiO2 peak. The desorption of O2 from the surface, which resulted in a decrease in the CL intensity is attributed to the dissociation of SiO2 into elemental Si and O by the electron bombardment. The degradation was less severe at higher oxygen pressures. PbSO4 was also formed on the surface during the electron beam degradation process. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A study of electron induced defects in n‐type germanium by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS)
Authors: Nyamhere C. , Das M. , Auret F. D. , Chawanda A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the electrical characteristics of electron irradiation induced defects in n‐type germanium doped with antimony (Sb) by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and Laplace‐ DLTS. The following electrons traps at 0.15 eV, 0.20 eV, 0.21 eV 0.23 eV, 0.31 eV and 0.38 eV below the conduction band were observed and two hole traps at 0.09 eV and 0.31 eV above the valence band were also recorded. The electron trap level at 0.38 eV is the E – center and is the most dominant electron trap for our measurements. The capacitance versus temperature and current versus temperature characteristics of our samples showed good correlation as the irradiation dose is increased. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Degradation of commercial Gd2O2S:Tb phosphor
Authors: Dolo J. J. , Swart H. C. , Terblans J. J. , Coetsee E. , Dhlamini M. S. , Ntwaeaborwa O. M. , Dejene B. F. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe degradation of Gd2O2S:Tb phosphor was studied with Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) and Cathodoluminescence (CL). The surface reactions were monitored with AES while the light output was measured with a PC2000‐UV spectrometer. The CL of the Gd2O2S:Tb was excited with a 2 keV energy electron beam with a beam current density of 26 mA/cm2. The CL and AES were measured simultaneously while the sample was bombarded with the electrons in an oxygen atmosphere. A comparison between the low energy peaks of the AES spectra before and after degradation showed significant differences in the shape of the different peaks. A linear least squares (LLS) method was applied to resolve the peaks. Elemental standards from Goodfellow were used in conjunction with the measured data to subtract the S and Gd peaks. A direct correlation between the surface reactions and the CL output was found. The CL decreased while the S was removed from the surface during electron bombardment. A new non‐luminescent surface layer that formed during electron bombardment was responsible for the degradation in light intensity. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hydrogen in semiconductors: From basic physics to technology
Authors: Weber J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHydrogen is incorporated unintentionally in most semiconductors during crystal or epitaxial growth and during many processing steps. The knowledge of how hydrogen interacts with itself or other defects is of fundamental scientific interest but also of crucial importance for the understanding of processes in device technology and the performance of devices. A few examples will be presented from our work on the electrical and optical properties of hydrogen in semiconductors and connections will be made to device related issues. Subjects addressed are the passivation of shallow donors and acceptors, the interaction of hydrogen with transition metals and the formation of H2 molecules. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solar selective absorber functionality of carbon nanoparticles embedded in SiO2, ZnO and NiO matrices
Authors: Katumba G. , Makiwa G. , Baisitse T. R. , Olumekor L. , Forbes A. , Wäckelgård E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIt is possible to design an optical material, through control of the substrate and coatings, to absorb a large fraction of the solar spectrum and to emit very little radiation energy in the near and far infra‐red wavelength range. This requires a coating structure that transmits in the ultraviolet and visible, but reflects in the near and far infrared, with a sharp drop in transmission near 2 (m. In this paper, we report on selective solar absorber coatings of carbon nano‐particles embedded in SiO2, ZnO and NiO matrices, fabricated by a sol‐gel technique. The coatings were tested on aluminium substrates. UV‐VIS and FTIR spectroscopies were used to determine the spectral response of the composite coatings, from which the solar absorptance and thermal emittance were determined. We show that the NiO matrix samples have the best solar selective behaviour, and suggest a theoretical evaluation framework for future comparison of such materials. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temperature‐dependent electroluminescence intensity in green and blue (In,Ga)N multiple‐quantum‐well diodes
Authors: Jimi H. , Inada T. , Fujiwara K. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe electroluminescence (EL) intensity has been investigated of green and blue (In,Ga)N multiple‐quantum‐well diodes grown on c ‐plane sapphire over a wide temperature range and as a function of current between 0.01 mA and 10 mA. The EL intensity of the green diode with p‐(Al,Ga)N electron blocking layer does not show low‐temperature quenching, especially at low injection levels, previously observed for the blue (In,Ga)N quantum‐well diodes. This finding rules out possi‐ bilities that the freeze‐out of holes at deep Mg acceptor levels and the failure of hole injections through the p‐(Al,Ga)N layer are directly responsible for the EL quenching at temperatures below 100 K. Variations of the EL efficiency with current level suggest that capture/escape efficiencies of injected carriers by the wells play an important role for the determination of EL external quantum efficiency. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Piezoresistivity in GaAs/InxGa1–xAs/AlAs superlattice structures
Authors: Zhang Wendong , Hu Jie , Xue Chenyang , Zhang Binzhen , Xiong Jijun , Qiao Hui , Li Junhong 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe report on a strong piezoresistive effect in GaAs/ Inx Ga1–x As/AlAs superlattice structures fabricated on a GaAs‐base cantilever. The measurements of the piezoresistive properties were performed for tensile strains by static pressure experiments. The maximum gauge factor (GF) for the GaAs/Inx Ga1–x As/AlAs epilayer can be estimated to 200, which is higher than the value of the gauge factor reported for Si transducers. Our results demonstrate a higher potential of GaAs/Inx Ga1–x As/AlAs superlattice structures for the development of piezoresistive sensors. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Determination of aqueous acid‐dissociation constants of aspartic acid using PCM/DFT method
Authors: Sang‐Aroon Wichien , Ruangpornvisuti Vithaya 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDetermination of acid‐dissociation constants, pKa, of aspartic acid in aqueous solution, using density functional theory calculations combined with the conductor‐like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) and with integral‐equation‐formalism polarizable continuum model (IEFPCM) based on the UAKS and UAHF radii, was carried out. The computed pKa values derived from the CPCM and IEFPCM with UAKS cavity model of bare structures of the B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p)‐optimized tetrahydrated structures of aspartic acid species are mostly close to the experimental pKa values. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Rapid screening of anthocyanins in berry samples by surfactant‐mediated matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Grant David C. , Helleur Robert J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSurfactant‐mediated matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) has been used for the identification of flavonoids from three berry extracts: lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis‐idaea), and blackberry (Rubus armeniacus). The addition of the surfactant led to suppression of matrix ions from both α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) and 2′,4′,6′‐trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP). This is the first case of this method being successfully employed with a matrix other than CHCA. It was observed that CHCA led to a great deal of fragmentation of the sugar moiety from glycosides, whereas THAP produced more intact glycoside molecules, and thus leads to better characterization of the flavonoids in a berry sample. The flavonoids were characterized and quantified by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS) with UV detection. Although MALDI‐TOF‐MS did not lead to the identification of as many flavonoids, it did enable us to identify many anthocyanin glycosides. Quantification was achieved and demonstrated that use of the THAP matrix can enable quantification of the intact glycosides with relative standard deviation (RSD) values of less than 10% with surfactant addition. These results are comparable with LC results. MALDI‐TOF‐MS with THAP matrix thus provided a rapid method for the qualitative screening of these compounds. It took only a few minutes, greatly reducing the analysis time from that in traditional LC/MS methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Less is More: Sparse Graph Mining with Compact Matrix Decomposition
Authors: Sun Jimeng , Xie Yinglian , Zhang Hui , Faloutsos Christos 
Published: December 2007

AbstractGiven a large sparse graph, how can we find patterns and anomalies? Several important applications can be modeled as large sparse graphs, e.g., network traffic monitoring, research citation network analysis, social network analysis, and financial transactions. Low‐rank decompositions, such as singular value decomposition (SVD) and CUR, are powerful techniques for revealing latent/hidden variables and associated patterns from high dimensional data. However, those methods often ignore the sparsity property of the graph, and hence usually incur too high memory and computational cost to be practical.We propose a novel method, the Compact Matrix Decomposition (CMD), to compute sparse low‐rank approximations. CMD dramatically reduces both the computation cost and the space requirements over existing decomposition methods singular value decomposition (SVD) and CUR. Using CMD as the key building block, we further propose procedures to efficiently construct and analyze dynamic graphs from real‐time application data. We provide theoretical guarantee for our methods, and present results on two real, large datasets, one on network flow data (100 GB trace of 22K hosts over one month) and one on DBLP (200 MB over 25 years).We show that CMD is often an order of magnitude more efficient than the state of the art (SVD and CUR): it is over 10X faster, but requires less than 1/10 of the space, for the same reconstruction accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate how CMD is used for detecting anomalies and monitoring time‐evolving graphs, in which it successfully detects worm‐like hierarchical scanning patterns in real network data. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company Statistical Analy Data Mining 1: 000‐000, 2007
Globalization and its alternatives: antiglobalism, alterglobalism and the idea of sustainable development
Authors: Gawor Leszek 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThree alternative strategies concerning the development of humanity are discussed. These concepts were created in opposition to the globalization processes that are exerting a major influence on the modern world's free market economy. Antiglobalism is presented as a determined criticism of globalization, while alterglobalism indicates the importance of social sensibility towards globalization processes, and sustainable development reveals that a profound reconstruction of present economic and political structures is needed. However, all of these trends share a common purpose in the prosperity of mankind. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Construction and validation of a scale to assess attitudes to mysticism: the need for a new scale for research in the psychology of religion
Authors: Edwards Anthony C. , Lowis Mike J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper argues that two concepts, attitudes to mysticism and mystical experience, need to be distinguished carefully. This implies that a new questionnaire is needed to assess the former, and the paper reports on construction of a new scale to assess Attitudes to Mysticism. This scale was found to have good internal consistency, criterion‐related validity and construct validity, and evidence is also given that this concept is related to but conceptually distinct from mystical experience. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microanalyses on Mo films before and after hydrogen ion irradiation
Authors: Liu C. H. , Huang N. K. , Wang D. Z. , Yang B. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMolybdenum (Mo) thin films were deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering on stainless steel followed by argon ion bombardment. Samples were then irradiated by hydrogen ion beam with an energy of 10 keV and a dose of 1 × 1018 ions cm−2. In order to understand the effect of hydrogen ion irradiation on the films, SEM was used to observe the surface morphology of films. X‐ray diffraction spectra (XRD) and XPS were used for characterization of the chemical bonding states of Mo and O contamination on the surface of the Mo films before and after hydrogen ion irradiation. Infrared (IR) spectra were also used to study bonds of Mo, O, and H. The mechanism related to this phenomenon is suggested in this article. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in the electronic structure of silicone rubber surfaces induced by oxygen plasma treatment
Authors: Haines S. R. , Beamson G. , Williams R. L. , Weightman P. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe electron spectroscopy of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and PDMS following oxygen plasma treatment and subsequent exposure of the plasma‐treated surface to glycine are compared. The results obtained for the Auger parameter show no significant differences, whereas the results for the valence band spectra are consistent with the changes that are expected to occur as a result of the replacement of CH3 groups by oxygen and OH groups during the plasma treatment and by the adsorption of glycine. Differences observed in line shape of the Si KLV spectra for PDMS and pure Si are attributed to the changes in the local Si environment in PDMS. The oxygen plasma treatment introduces a small shift in the local p DOS to lower binding energies and exposure of the plasma‐treated surface to glycine introduces a similar small shift in the p DOS to higher binding energies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychiatric Disorders in Clinical Genetics II: Individualizing Recurrence Risks
Authors: Austin Jehannine C. , Palmer Christina G. S. , Rosen‐Sheidley Beth , Veach Patricia McCarthy , Gettig Elizabeth , Peay Holly L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis is the second article of a two‐part professional development series on genetic counseling for personal and family histories of psychiatric disorders. It is based on an Educational Breakout Session presented by The Psychiatric Special Interest Group of the National Society of Genetic Counselors at the 2006 Annual Education Conference. While the first article in this two part series dealt with addressing family histories of psychiatric disorders in clinical practice, the following discussion deals with the generation and provision of individualized recurrence risks for psychiatric disorders, based on empiric risk data. We present four cases that illustrate important components of and process for generating individualized risk assessment for family histories of psychiatric disorders.
Facile Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods by Microwave Irradiation of Zinc–Hydrazine Hydrate Complex
Authors: Bhat DenthajeKrishna 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
ZnO nanorods have been successfully synthesized by a simple microwave-assisted solution phase approach. Hydrazine hydrate has been used as a mineralizer instead of sodium hydroxide. XRD and FESEM have been used to characterize the product. The FESEM images show that the diameter of the nanorods fall in the range of about 25–75 nm and length in the range of 500–1,500 nm with an aspect ratio of about 20–50. UV–VIS and photoluminescence spectra of the nanorods in solution have been taken to study their optical properties. A mechanism for microwave synthesis of the ZnO nanorods using hydrazine hydrate precursor has also been proposed.
Review on Anionic/Cationic Surfactant Mixtures
Authors: Kume Gustavo , Gallotti Manlio , Nunes George 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIt is commonly known that cationic and anionic surfactants cannot be mixed without the risk of precipitation or instability. However, many studies have shown that not only is it possible to combine cationic and anionic surfactants, but also that this combination can present synergic properties. Mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants have many unique properties that can be very useful when used properly. The aim of this report is to present relevant information concerning the interaction between anionic and cationic surfactants. A bibliographic review on anionic/cationic mixtures is presented here in order to better understand their properties and possible synergic effects, as this is of practical importance for the chemical industry.