bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroless copper plating on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene material surfaces without chromic acid etching and a palladium catalyst
Authors: Inagaki Norihiro , Kimura Hajime 
Published: October 2008

AbstractHydrolysis modification of nitrile groups on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plate surfaces into carboxylic acid groups was investigated to find a new recipe for electroless copper plating of ABS plate surfaces without etching reactions using chromic acid and also without a palladium catalyst. Hydrolysis modification of nitrile groups was successfully conducted in an aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution (70 wt %) at 80°C for more than 72 h, and nitrile groups were modified into carboxylic acid groups. The hydrolysis modification was accelerated by the addition of dioxane as a supplement to the aqueous NaOH solution. The modification, when an aqueous mixture solution of NaOH (35 wt %) and dioxane (10 wt %) was used as a reagent, was accomplished at 65°C in 30 min. The hydrolyzed ABS plate surfaces were successfully metalized by electroless copper plating. A silver catalyst, instead of a palladium catalyst, was usable in the electroless copper‐plating process. Adhesion between the deposited copper metal and ABS plate surface was perfect for the Scotch tape test. Consequently, we propose a new recipe for an electroless copper‐plating process without an etching process using chromic acid and without a palladium catalyst. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Approximate Simultaneous Confidence Intervals for Multiple Contrasts of Binomial Proportions
Authors: Schaarschmidt Frank , Sill Martin , Hothorn Ludwig A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSimultaneous confidence intervals for contrasts of means in a one‐way layout with several independent samples are well established for Gaussian distributed data. Procedures addressing different hypotheses are available, such as all pairwise comparisons or comparisons to control, comparison with average, or different tests for order‐restricted alternatives. However, if the distribution of the response is not Gaussian, corresponding methods are usually not available or not implemented in software. For the case of comparisons among several binomial proportions, we extended recently proposed confidence interval methods for the difference of two proportions or single contrasts to multiple contrasts by using quantiles of the multivariate normal distribution, taking the correlation into account. The small sample performance of the proposed methods was investigated in simulation studies. The simple adjustment of adding 2 pseudo‐observations to each sample estimate leads to reasonable coverage probabilities. The methods are illustrated by the evaluation of real data examples of a clinical trial and a toxicological study. The proposed methods and examples are available in the R package MCPAN. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bayesian Classification and Non‐Bayesian Label Estimation via EM Algorithm to Identify Differentially Expressed Genes: a Comparative Study
Authors: Antunes Marília , Sousa Lisete 
Published: October 2008

AbstractGene classification problem is studied considering the ratio of gene expression levels, X, in two‐channel microarrays and a non‐observed categorical variable indicating how differentially expressed the gene is: non differentially expressed, down‐regulated or up‐regulated. Supposing X from a mixture of Gamma distributions, two methods are proposed and results are compared. The first method is based on an hierarchical Bayesian model. The conditional predictive probability of a gene to belong to each group is calculated and the gene is assigned to the group for which this conditional probability is higher. The second method uses EM algorithm to estimate the most likely group label for each gene, that is, to assign the gene to the group which contains it with the higher estimated probability. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improved podophyllotoxin production by transformed cultures of Linum album
Authors: Baldi Ashish , Srivastava Ashok K. , Bisaria Virendra S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractVarious cell and hairy root cultures of L. album were developed and analyzed for podophyllotoxin content. Transformed callus and hairy root cultures developed from infection of stem portions of in vitro‐germinated L. album plant with Agrobacterium rhizogenes NCIM 5140 strain were selected on the basis of high podophyllotoxin content and growth. Based on the integration of Ri TL‐DNA and TR‐DNA, integration of only the ags and not the rol gene in transformed cell culture indicated fragmented integration pattern. The effect of different cultivation media and carbon source on growth and podophyllotoxin production were studied in shake‐flask suspension cultures. Detailed batch growth and production kinetics with sugar consumption profile were also established. Maximum volumetric productivity of 4.40 and 2.75 mg/L per day was obtained in cell suspension and hairy root cultures, respectively.
A multicenter phase 2 study of risk‐adjusted salvage chemotherapy incorporating vinorelbine and gemcitabine for relapsed and refractory lymphoma
Authors: Pasricha Sant‐Rayn , Grigg Andrew , Catalano John , Leahy Michael , Underhill Craig , Arthur Chris , D'Rozario James , Lowenthal Ray , Reed Kate , Spencer Andrew 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Administration of salvage chemotherapy to patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma is associated with significant toxicity. Vinorelbine and gemcitabine are novel chemotherapeutic agents with minimal overlapping toxicity. We present a phase 2 study of vinorelbine and gemcitabine with or without ifosfamide administered in an ambulatory care setting for relapsed or refractory lymphoma.METHODS.Ninety patients were enrolled. Group 1 comprised patients with “good” risk disease, Group 2 comprised patients with “high” risk disease, and Group 3 comprised patients relapsing after prior stem cell transplant. Patients in Group 1 and Group 3 received vinorelbine and gemcitabine with filgrastim support (VGF); those in Group 2 received the above regimen with ifosfamide (FGIV). We incorporated a standardized interim evaluation with dose escalation for patients with suboptimal response after 2 cycles.RESULTS.Toxicities were acceptable. Febrile neutropenia was uncommon: 7% after VGF (7 of 107 cycles) and 19% for FGIV (26 of 148 cycles). Unplanned admissions occurred in 23 of 107 cycles (21%) after VGF and 50 of 148 (34%) after FGIV. Overall response for Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively was 76%, 39% and 50%, with median overall survival of 28, 9 and 30 months.CONCLUSIONS.Vinorelbine‐based and gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy is effective in the salvage setting against lymphoma and can be administered in an ambulatory setting. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Incidence of cutaneous sebaceous carcinoma and risk of associated neoplasms
Authors: Dores Graça M. , Curtis Rochelle E. , Toro Jorge R. , Devesa Susan S. , Fraumeni Joseph F. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Sebaceous tumors of the skin occurring in association with an internal malignancy characterize Muir‐Torre syndrome (MTS), a variant of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (Lynch syndrome). To the authors' knowledge, only limited information exists regarding incidence patterns of sebaceous carcinoma (SC), and no prior study has quantified risks of associated cancers.METHODS.The authors calculated cutaneous SC incidence rates (IRs) and IR ratios in 9 US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program registries (1973‐2003). Indirectly standardized incidence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for subsequent cancers among 2‐month survivors of SC and for subsequent SC after other primary cancers.RESULTS.Among 664 cases of cutaneous SC, nearly 90% were diagnosed among whites (IR, 0.11 per 100,000 person‐years), with significantly lower IR noted among blacks (IR, 0.04). Whereas eyelid SC IRs demonstrated no sex differences and stabilized in recent years, IRs of noneyelid SC predominated in men and rose steadily over time. Survivors of SC had a 43% (95% CI, 15%‐76%) increased risk of subsequent cancer, and risk of SC was elevated by 52% (95% CI, 24%‐84%) among survivors of other cancers. Whether before or after SC, the significant excesses of other primary cancers were limited to noneyelid SC. Patterns suggestive of genetic predisposition included >20‐fold risks for early‐onset (diagnosed in patients aged <50 years) SC associated with colon, pancreatic, ovarian, or uterine corpus cancers, whereas late‐onset SC (diagnosed in patients aged ≥50 years) predisposed to ureter cancer.CONCLUSIONS.This population‐based study of cutaneous SC revealed an association with a spectrum of early‐onset cancers consistent with MTS. Etiologic heterogeneity was suggested by differences between eyelid and noneyelid SC in incidence patterns and associated cancer risks. Cancer 2008. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.
Ion‐Responsive Behavior of Ionic‐Liquid Surfactant Aggregates with Applications in Controlled Release and Emulsification
Authors: Shen Yanfei , Zhang Yuanjian , Kuehner Daniel , Yang Guifu , Yuan Fuyu , Niu Li 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe propose a simple but efficient, rapid, and quantitative ion‐responsive micelle system based on counter‐anion exchange of a surfactant with an imidazolium unit. The ion‐exchange reaction results in the amphiphilic‐to‐hydrophobic transition of the imidazolium salt, leading to the destruction of the micelles, which has been successfully applied to controlled release and emulsification. The proposed design offers a novel alternative stimulus to control these smart physical aggregates besides pH, temperature and light—with extra advantages. Our finding greatly benefits both fundamental research and industry.
DISWall – Entwicklung innovativer Systeme für bewehrtes Mauerwerk
Authors: Brameshuber Wolfgang , Hannawald Joachim , Uebachs Stefan , Zilch Konrad , Schermer Detleff , Meyer Udo , Beer Ingo , Scheufler Wolfgang , Bohnemann Carsten , Schmidt Ulf 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDas Ziel des europäischen Forschungsprojektes DISWall war die Weiterentwicklung des bewehrten Mauerwerks insbesondere in Erdbebengebieten. Die Arbeiten der deutschen Partner, über die in diesem Beitrag berichtet wird, konzentrierten sich auf die Bauweise mit Schalungsziegeln. Das Projekt umfasste die System‐ und Produktentwicklung, numerische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Verbundtragverhalten, die Durchführung von Druck‐ und Schubversuchen an geschosshohen Wänden sowie die Erarbeitung von Bemessungsansätzen.
The Transformation of Core/Shell Aluminium/Alumina Nanoparticles into Nanowires
Authors: Veith Michael , Sow Eve , Werner Ulf , Petersen Christian , Aktas Oral Cenk 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCore/shell nanowires of Al/Al2O3 are obtained by decomposition of tert‐butoxyalane on metal, silicon or glass substrates heated up to 650 °C without use of a noble metal seed. These biphasic nanowires are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high‐resolution TEM. They have uniform diameters of about 20–30 nm, are composed of an inner aluminium wire, wrapped up by aluminium oxide at a constant molar ratio, and have lengths of several micrometers. As the temperatures approach the melting point of Al (660.4 °C), we propose a growth mechanism for the nanowires which resembles to vapour‐liquid‐solid (VLS) growth of ceramic nanowires with a liquid metal phase catalyst seed which in this case is aluminium. The biphasic nature of the wires is due to the disproportionation of aluminium in the transient “AlO” and to Ostwald ripening.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Expressing sand supply limitation using a modified Owen saltation equation
Authors: Gillette Dale A. , Ono Duane 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn analysis of saltation data led us to modify the theory of P. R. Owen using a soil‐related parameter ‘A’ that gave us the possibility of expressing limitation of sand grains of saltation‐size in the underlying soil. The value of ‘A’ was set equal to the ratio of the horizontal flux of saltating particles to Owen's function of wind, times air density divided by gravitational acceleration. Values of A can be used to: (1) characterize the efficiency of the wind to move sand by saltation for different soil textures and aggregations; and (2) to make practical predictions of sand movement based on the condition of the surface soil. Values for A in a range from 1 to 10 are usually associated with supply‐unlimited saltation and are usually associated with loose, sandy‐textured soils. Values for A in a range from 0·25 to 1 are associated with finer soils that contain more silt and clay. The range of A values between 0 and 0·25 usually reflects finer textured soils that are packed, aggregated, or crusted. A decrease of A to a smaller value is a sign of supply limitation and usually to the soil changing from a looser state to a more aggregated state or more depleted state. Likewise, an increase of A usually corresponds to soil changing from an aggregated state to a looser state. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of polyethylene tibial insert damage from in vivo function and in vitro wear simulation
Authors: Harman Melinda K. , DesJardins John , Benson Lisa , Banks Scott A. , LaBerge Martine , Hodge W. Andrew 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFunction and wear of total knee arthroplasties were compared by analysis of damage patterns on polyethylene tibial inserts retrieved from patients (Group R) with inserts obtained after in vitro force‐controlled knee joint wear simulation. Two simulator input profiles were evaluated, including standard walking (Group W), and combined walking and stair descent (Group W + S), simulating varied activities and a more severe physiological environment. Damage regions on all inserts were quantitatively assessed. On average, inserts in all groups had internally rotated damage patterns and the greatest articular deformation in the lateral compartment. These patterns were more pronounced in Group W + S compared to Group W. Deformation rates of simulated inserts were analogous to about six years of physiologic function. However, both groups of simulated inserts generally underestimated the magnitude of damage area and extent observed on retrieved inserts, consistent with differences in the simulator's tibiofemoral contact mechanics and those known to occur in patients during functional activities. Modification of simulator inputs, such as the increased anteroposterior excursion and more severe loading conditions in Group W + S, can generate greater wear volume, larger damage areas, and increased surface deformation rates compared to standard inputs. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 540–548, 2009
What is breast cancer doing before we can detect it?
Authors: Spratt John S. , Spratt John A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBreast cancer is a cellular disease and the cellular kinetic events in the predetectable period are of great clinical significance. Such events include rate of replication, angiogenesis with distant metastasis, rate of cell death, and the number of cells needed to produce a detectable and later a symptomatic mass of neoplasm. A consideration of these events and their interrelatedness is reported using data from The Breast Cancer Detection and Demonstration Projects and significant reports in the literature. Growth rates in the predetectable period are estimated to be much faster than those that occur with grossly measurable breast cancers in keeping with the prediction of Gompertzian growth.
Lectin histochemical study of cholagiocarcinoma arising from stone‐bearing intrahepatic bile duct
Authors: Lee King‐Teh , Sheen Pai‐Ching 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWith the purpose of studying changes in the expression of glycoconjugate structures in cholangiocarcinoma and the nonneoplastic epithelium of stone‐bearing intraheptic bile ducts, a panel of 12 biotinylated lectins were used on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections from 13 patients who had undergone surgical resection of cholangiocarcinoma and on nonneoplastic stone‐bearing intrahepatic bile ducts from 10 patients. Of the 13 patients with cholangiocarcinoma 10 had hepatolithiasis and 3 did not.Among the 12 lectins, only wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) stained the cholangiocarcinoma and nonneoplastic epithelium of the stone‐bearing intrahepatic bile duct. all nonneoplastic epithelia of stone‐bearing intrahepatic bile ducts were stained heavily and homogenously by WGA, the GlcNAC‐specific lectin. The high columnar epithelium of both intramural and extramural glands was stained in the supranuclear region, while the low columnar epithelium of serous acini was stained in the whole cytoplasm. In the well‐differentiated cholangiocarcinoma, the WGA weakly stained the neoplastic cells in the supranuclear region, while it stained the luminal cytoplasmic membrane heavily. In the poorly‐differentiated chollangiocarcinoma, about 50% of cancer cells were stained with WGA. The carcinoma was moderately stained in the cytoplasm. Less reactivity and a lower percentage of cells stained with lectin were found in cholangiocarcinomas when compared to nonneoplastic epithelial. This led us to conclude that there is a dramatic decrease in lectin‐binding carbohydrate structures associated with cholangiocarcinoma progression.
Abnormal DNA methylation of the Oct‐4 enhancer region in cloned mouse embryos
Authors: Kawasumi Miyuri , Unno Yuichi , Matsuoka Toshiki , Nishiwaki Megumi , Anzai Masayuki , Amano Tomoko , Mitani Tasuku , Kato Hiromi , Saeki Kazuhiro , Hosoi Yoshihiko , Iritani Akira , Kishigami Satoshi , Matsumoto Kazuya 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOct‐4 is essential for normal embryonic development, and abnormal Oct‐4 expression in cloned embryos contributes to cloning inefficiency. However, the causes of abnormal Oct‐4 expression in cloned embryos are not well understood. As DNA methylation in regulatory regions is known to control transcriptional activity, we investigated the methylation status of three transcriptional regulatory regions of the Oct‐4 gene in cloned mouse embryos—the distal enhancer (DE), the proximal enhancer (PE), and the promoter regions. We also investigated the level of Oct‐4 gene expression in cloned embryos. Immunochemistry revealed that 85% of cloned blastocysts expressed Oct‐4 in both trophectoderm and inner cell mass cells. DNA methylation analysis revealed that the PE region methylation was greater in cloned morulae than in normal morulae. However, the same region was less methylated in cloned blastocysts than in normal blastocysts. We found abnormal expression of de novo methyltransferase 3b in cloned blastocysts. These results indicate that cloned embryos have aberrant DNA methylation in the CpG sites of the PE region of Oct‐4, and this may contribute directly to abnormal expression of this gene in cloned embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 342–350, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of the p110α isoform of PI3K in early development of mouse embryos
Authors: Xu Xiao‐yan , Zhang Zhe , Su Wen‐hui , Zhang Yang , Feng Chen , Zhao Hong‐mei , Zong Zhi‐hong , Cui Cheng , Yu Bing‐zhi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractClass I of phosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3Ks) is characterized as a group of intracellular signal proteins possessing both protein and lipid kinase activities. Recent studies implicate class I of PI3Ks acts as indispensable mediators in early development of mouse embryos, but the molecular mechanisms are poorly defined. In this paper, mouse one‐cell embryos were used to investigate a possible contribution of the catalytic subunit of PI3K, p110α, to cell cycle progression. The expression level of p110α was determined in four phases of one‐cell embryos. Silencing of p110α by microinjection of p110α shRNA into one‐cell embryos resulted in a G2/M arrest and prevented the activation of Akt and M‐phase promoting factor (MPF). Further, microinjection of the synthesized mRNA coding for a constitutively active p110α into one‐cell embryos induced cell cleavage more effectively than microinjection of wild‐type p110α mRNA, whereas microinjection of mRNA of kinase‐deficient p110α delayed the first mitotic cleavage. Taken together, this study demonstrates that p110α is significant for G2/M transition of mouse one‐cell embryos and further emphasizes the importance of Akt in PI3K pathway. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 389–398, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
National addictions vigilance intervention and prevention program (NAVIPPRO™): a real‐time, product‐specific, public health surveillance system for monitoring prescription drug abuse
Authors: Butler Stephen F. , Budman Simon H. , Licari Andrea , Cassidy Theresa A. , Lioy Katherine , Dickinson James , Brownstein John S. , Benneyan James C. , Green Traci Craig , Katz Nathaniel 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurposeThe National Addictions Vigilance Intervention and Prevention Program (NAVIPPRO™) is a scientific, comprehensive risk management program for scheduled therapeutics. NAVIPPRO™ provides post‐marketing surveillance, signal detection, signal verification and prevention and intervention programs. Here we focus on one component of NAVIPPRO™ surveillance, the Addiction Severity Index‐Multimedia Version® (ASI‐MV®) Connect, a continuous, real‐time, national data stream that assesses pharmaceutical abuse by patients entering substance abuse treatment by collecting product‐specific, geographically‐detailed information.MethodsWe evaluate population characteristics for data collected through the ASI‐MV® Connect in 2007 and 2008 and assess the representativeness, geographic coverage, and timeliness of report of the data. Analyses based on 41 923 admissions to 265 treatment centers in 29 states were conducted on product‐specific opioid abuse rates, source of drug, and route of administration.ResultsASI‐MV® Connect data revealed that 11.5% of patients reported abuse of at least one opioid analgesic product in the 30 days prior to entering substance abuse treatment; differences were observed among sub‐populations of prescription opioid abusers, among products, and also within various geographic locations.ConclusionsThe ASI‐MV® Connect component of NAVIPPRO™ represents a potentially valuable data stream for post‐marketing surveillance of prescription drugs. Analyses conducted with data obtained from the ASI‐MV® Connect allow for the characterization of product‐specific and geospatial differences for drug abuse and can serve as a tool to monitor responses of the abuse population to newly developed “abuse deterrent” drug formulations. Additional data, evaluation, and comparison to other systems are important next steps in establishing NAVIPPRO™ as a comprehensive, post‐marketing surveillance system for prescription drugs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Generalized Fermi‐Dirac Integrals
Authors: Zawadzki W. , Kowalczyk R. , Kolodziejczak J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn application of the generalized Fermi‐Dirac integrals

to the description of the thermodynamic, magnetic, and transport properties of carriers in nonparabole energy bands is briefly indicated. Relationships to other functions, and complete expansions, are developed which enable the integrals of all orders to be calculated without recourse to numerical integration. Numerical values are reported for 49 of the integrals with −5 ≦ η ≦ 20 and 0 ≦ β ≦ 1.