bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF INSULIN INDUCED HYPOGLYCAEMIA ON PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY AND URINARY CATECHOLAMINES BEFORE AND FOLLOWING CLONIDINE (CATAPRESAN®) IN MAN
Authors: Hedeland H. , Dymling J.-F. , Hökfelt B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present study was concerned with the relation of catecholamine production and plasma renin activity. The catecholamine production was measured as the urinary excretion of noradrenaline and adrenaline. Thirteen subjects were studied under basal conditions and also following insulin induced hypoglycaemia both before and during treatment with the imidazoline derivate clonidine.
Before clonidine, hypoglycaemia produced a marked increase in catecholamine production and an elevation of plasma renin activity. These parameters were significantly correlated.
Treatment with clonidine markedly suppressed noradrenaline production and plasma renin activity. Adrenaline production showed a minor decrease.
During clonidine treatment insulin induced pronounced hypoglycaemia. In spite of this the increase in adrenaline production and plasma renin activity was less marked as compared to that before clonidine. There was no longer any significant correlation between catecholamine production and plasma renin activity.
Our results indicate that sympathetic amines liberated from the adrenal medulla and/or the sympathetic nerve endings can stimulate renin production.
ASPECTS OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN NEWBORN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS. IV
Authors: Mølsted-Pedersen Lars , Wagner Lise , Klebe Joachim G. , Pedersen Jørgen 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The plasma concentration of free fatty acids (FFA) was studied in 18 diabetic and in 12 non-diabetic mothers and in their infants. FFA was determined in the maternal and umbilical blood at birth and again in the umbilical venous blood about 3 hours later. At that time an iv glucose load was given, and the FFA concentration was determined after 1 and 2 hours respectively. Furthermore, the FFA concentration was determined on the 5th day of life after 4 hours' fasting and 1 hour after an iv glucose load. The plasma glucose was determined every 10 minutes and K values were calculated at birth as well as on the 5th day of life.
The maternal FFA concentration was higher in diabetics, but of the same low level in the 2 groups of neonates. The maternal-umbilical FFA ratio in diabetics was 2.5 as against 1.8 in normal subjects. A positive correlation between maternal FFA concentration and the infants' birth weight was demonstrated in both groups of infants.
In infants of diabetic mothers the increase in plasma FFA over the first 3 hours as well as the decrease following the glucose load was much smaller than in the non-diabetic group. On the fifth day of life there was no significant difference between the two groups of infants either in the level of the fasting FFA concentration or in the steep decrease after the glucose injection.
ROLE OF DIFFERENT PRECURSORS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF LIVER GLYCOGEN DURING CORTISOL ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Kendysh I. N. , Moroz B. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The rate of label incorporation of various precursors into liver glycogen and exhaled carbon dioxide was investigated in rats 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours after cortisol injection. The glycogen concentration in the liver attained its maximum 24 hours after the hormone injection, whereas the total radioactivity of glycogen from [1-14C] glucose, [1–3-14C] lactate and [1,2-14C] glycerol reached the highest level during 3 to 6 hours and then remained within the subnormal limits 24 hours after the injection. The label incorporation from [1-14C] glycine into liver glycogen reached a maximum 6 to 24 hours after the hormone injection, coinciding in time with the maximum increase of the glycogen concentration in the liver. Hence, amino acids play a more important role in glycogen formation as compared with other precursors; thus they seem to be the main substrates in cortisol-induced gluconeogenesis. Cortisol produced no effect on [1,2-14C] glycerol oxidation, but the hormone increases oxidation of other labelled substrates involved in exhaled carbon dioxide.
DEMETHYLATION OF MESTRANOL TO ETHINYLOESTRADIOL IN VITRO AND IN VIVO
Authors: Kappus H. , Bolt H. M. , Remmer H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present concept is that mestranol must be demethylated to ethinyl-oestradiol in order to have oestrogenic activity. This activation of mestranol has been studied in vivo by means of radiospirometry and in vitro incubations with rat liver microsomes.
During the microsomal incubation of doubly labelled [4-14C] mestranol and [3H-methoxy] mestranol with an NADPH-regenerating system 14C-labelled ethinyloestradiol was formed as the main metabolite, which was identified by crystallization to constant specific activity. In addition, a minor metabolite was found, which had the unaltered methoxy group. The enzymatic reaction was complete after 20 min. Pre-treatment of the rats with phenobarbital caused a threefold increase in ethinyloestradiol production.
The in vivo results after application of mestranol tritiated in the methoxy group show an increase of the body water specific activity up to a maximum on the 2nd day. In the control rats 34.5% and in phenobarbital pre-treated rats 47.7% of the tritium was metabolized to body water. DDT-pre-treatment caused a HTO production of 60%. These values represent a minimal demethylation rate for the in vivo conditions.
FEMALE ENDOCRINE CONTROL MECHANISMS DURING THE NEONATAL PERIOD
Authors: Schulz K.-D. , Harland A. , Haarmann H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present investigations deal with the in vivo effect of different doses of exogenous LH on the RNA- and protein-synthesis in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, pituitary, liver, ovary, uterus and adrenal gland of newborn guinea pigs. An increase of 3H-uridine and 3H-leucine incorporation was noted only in the ovary and the uterus. All the other organs showed no response. As early as 1 hour after the injection, LH induced a statistically significant stimulation of amino-acid incorporation into the proteins of the ovary. 2 hours later similar observations were made on the uterus reflecting an induction of uterotrophic steroid biosynthesis in the ovary in response to LH. The lowest effective dose was 5 IU LH/100 g body weight. Furthermore the experiments gave evidence for the dependence of oestrogen synthesis on the ovarian protein formation. The experimental data support the assumption that the ovary of newborn animals is not refractory to stimulation by gonadotrophic hormones. The ovary of newborn guinea pigs shows a relatively low sensitivity against RNA- and protein-synthesis inhibiting substances such as actinomycin and cycloheximide as compared to the liver. The mode of action of LH on the ovary seems to be identical during post partum life and advancing sexual maturation. The existing ovarian gonadotrophin sensitivity indicates that the hypothalamus or possibly the pituitary is primarily responsible for the functional immaturity of the endocrine ovarian control mechanisms during the neonatal period. The restricted functional capacity of the neonatal hypothalamus is characterized by the resistence of this organ to hormones regulating the hypothalamic endocrine function via short and long feedback mechanisms.
LYMPHOID INFILTRATION IN TOXIC GOITRES STUDIED WITH FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY
Authors: Nilsson Göran 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Cytodiagnostic fine needle aspiration biopsy specimens from toxic goitres were studied for signs of lymphoid infiltration. Comparison with histological sections of specimens obtained by surgery showed that an excess of lymphoid cells in the aspirate smears corresponded to a large number of lymphoid foci in these sections. Excess of lymphoid cells in the fine needle aspirates was also positively correlated with the occurrence of circulating thyroid antibodies against thyroglobulin and/or cytoplasmic antigen, but not with the presence of the long-acting thyroid stimulating factor, LATS. It also varied with age in that it was most common in the youngest patients and in patients between 40–55 years, while lymphoid infiltration was seldom seen in patients over 55 years. A finding of practical clinical interest was that in toxic goitres with cytological signs of lymphoid infiltration hyperthyroidism had less tendency to recur after treatment with thiocarbamide drugs than in those without such signs.
METABOLISM OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED d-NORGESTREL IN WOMEN
Authors: Hendeles S. M. , Galand N. , Schwers J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Tritiated d-norgestrel was administered orally to five women. Urine and plasma were collected for 4 days.
In plasma the maximum tritium concentration is reached after 4 or 6 hours. This peak represents 0.2 to 0.4 per cent of the administered dose per 100 ml of plasma. After the first 24 hours more than 85 per cent of the radioactivity is in a conjugated form. The half-life of tritium in the plasma, calculated from the values obtained after the first day, varies from 27 to 55 hours.
In urine 41 to 67 per cent of the administered dose is excreted within four days, half of this during the first 24 hours. The half-life calculated from the urinary excretion of tritium is 21 hours. As much as 3.6 to 25.7 per cent of the urinary radioactivity is in an unconjugated form. In the conjugated fraction there is evidence which suggests the presence of n-acetylglucosaminides in addition to sulphates and glucuronides. At least ten metabolites of d-norgestrel can be isolated from the urine; all of them, but one, are more polar than the administered material. In one experiment 0.02 per cent of the administered dose was identified as tritiated d-norgestrel.
When unlabelled d-norgestrel (0.5 mg per day for 21 days) was administered before the ingestion of the labelled material, no significant change in the metabolic pattern could be observed apart from a possible increase of the half-life of tritium in the plasma.
LIPID COMPOSITION OF MEMBRANES OF SECRETORY GRANULES AND PLASMA MEMBRANES FROM BOVINE NEUROHYPOPHYSES
Authors: Vilhardt Hans , Hølmer Gunhild 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Membranes of secretory granules and plasma membranes from bovine neurohypophyses were obtained by differential and density gradient ultracentrifugation. The purity of the fractions was checked by enzyme analysis and electron microscopy. Lipids were extracted from the membranes and were identified and quantitated by thin-layer chromatography. The major lipid components of the two membrane fractions were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin and cholesterol. The fatty acid compositions of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine from the membranes were further studied by gas chromatography.
The results showed that there were minor differences in the lipid composition of the two membranes, especially as to the fatty acid spectrum.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF GROWTH HORMONE IN HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: Hanssen Kristian F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The double antibody radio-immunoassay (pre-precipitation technique) for immunoreactive growth hormone (IRHGH) in human plasma has been evaluated on the basis of dilution and recovery experiments as well as by the investigation of accuracy and reproducibility. Given optimal conditions for the precipitation reaction, the method seems suitable for determination of plasma IRHGH. No cross-reaction between the precipitating antiserum and human gammaglobulin was demonstrated. Furthermore, by using an incubation period of 6 days for the reaction between 125I-HGH and the precipitated HGH antibodies, no serum factor influencing this reaction could be demonstrated. The results of the plasma IRHGH determinations were shown to be independent of the percentage of the radioactive degradation products present in the tracer HGH.
The lower detection limit is better than 0.39 ng/ml. The cumulated within-assay coefficient of variation was between 4–7% and the cumulated between-assay coefficient of variation 10%.
By using gel filtration, IRHGH in the plasma was shown to be nonhomogeneous when considering molecular weight. The normal fasting values in the ambulatory state was (Mean ± sd) ng/ml: Men 1.48 ± 0.33; women 3.83 ± 3.47. During the insulin tolerance test the mean peak plasma IRHGH was lower in children than in adults (0.02 > P > 0.01). It is suggested that this is due to the influence of sex steroids in adult subjects.
IMMUNOREACTIVE GROWTH HORMONE IN HUMAN URINE
Authors: Hanssen Kristian F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By using a double antibody radio-immunoassay (pre-precipitation technique) for the determination of immunoreactive human growth hormone (IRHGH) in normal human urine concentrated by dialysis and lyophilization, a factor was revealed that displaces 125I-HGH from HGH antibodies. This displacement was neither due to salts nor to glucose; it is suggested that it is due to IRHGH in the urine. A linear relationship between dilution of urine and the measured IRHGH concentration was obtained. Recovery of exogenous HGH was between 70–105%. The recovery of IRHGH from different volumes of urine following dialysis and lyophilization was between 97–110%.
Plasma IRHGH and urinary IRHGH was measured simultaneously after HGH injection in a normal subject. A correlation was shown between plasma IRHGH and urinary IRHGH. In 9 normal subjects, the urinary IRHGH ranged from 28–53 ng/24 h. The excretion of urinary IRHGH was increased in acromegaly and was diminished in some, but not in all patients with adult hypopituitarism.
The urinary IRHGH was further studied by gel filtration. It was recovered in one peak corresponding to a molecular weight of approximately 20 000 – 30 000. However, in the present work it was not clarified whether the urinary IRHGH represents pituitary HGH excreted in the urine or a metabolite of high molecular weight with retained immunological properties.
PERIPHERAL PLASMA LEVELS OF OESTRONE AND PROGESTERONE IN PREGNANT COWS TREATED WITH DEXAMETHASONE
Authors: Edqvist Lars-Eric , Ekman Lars , Gustafsson Börje , Jacobsson Sten-Olof , Johansson Elof D. B. , Lindell Jan-Otto 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Eight pregnant cows of the Swedish Red and White Breed were used. Four cows at 248–250 days of pregnancy received 10 or 20 mg of dexamethasone1) intramuscularly and a second dose equal to the first 3 to 6 days later. Two cows at day 75 and two cows at days 147 and 150 of pregnancy received daily injections of 40 mg of dexamethasone for 7 to 12 days. All late pregnant cows delivered living calves 12 to 68 hours after the second injection. One cow at day 150 of pregnancy aborted on the 6th day from the start of treatment. In all the other cows dead foetuses were found.
An increase in oestrone and a decrease in progesterone in peripheral blood plasma were observed in all late pregnant cows after the dexamethasone treatment. The increase in oestrone preceded the decrease in progesterone. The cow pregnant for 150 days which aborted showed decreased plasma levels of progesterone before abortion. No pronounced changes in the levels of progesterone were observed in the other three early pregnant cows. The peripheral plasma levels of oestrone showed no increase in any of the early and mid-term pregnant cows.
THE EFFECTS OF ORCHIDECTOMY AND TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE INJECTION ON PEPTIDASE ACTIVITY IN THE MALE RAT HYPOTHALAMUS
Authors: Griffiths E. C. , Hooper K. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
It has previously been shown that the activity of certain peptidases in the female rat hypothalamus is related to the release of luteinizing hormone releasing factor from the tissue (Griffiths & Hooper 1972a). The activity of these enzymes was investigated after orchidectomy and testosterone propionate injection to determine if a similar relationship exists in male rats. The depression in supernatant activity following orchidectomy and the elevation after testosterone treatment are interpreted as confirming this, and it is proposed that alterations in peptidase activity may be used as an index of gonadotrophin release in male as well as in female rats.
PERIPHERAL PLASMA LEVELS OF OESTROGENS AND PROGESTERONE DURING LATE BOVINE PREGNANCY
Authors: Edqvist Lars-Eric , Ekman Lars , Gustafsson Börje , Johansson Elof D. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The peripheral plasma levels of oestrone* were measured in 127 dairy cows of the Swedish Red and White Breed. The levels recorded during the time period from the 20th to the 35th week of pregnancy were below or about 0.1 ng per ml. After the 35th week of pregnancy the levels increased gradually and maximum levels ranging from 0.5 to 2 ng per ml were found during the last week of gestation. After parturition the levels decreased significantly to about 0.1 ng per ml or less.
Six cows were sampled daily from 8 days before until two days after parturition. The peripheral plasma levels of oestrone, oestradiol-17β and progesterone were measured. The oestrone level ranged from about 0.7 to 0.9 ng per ml during the last eight days preceding the delivery. The peripheral plasma levels of oestradiol-17β followed the same pattern as for oestrone. The concentration of oestradiol was only 10 to 20 per cent of the oestrone level. The mean peripheral plasma levels of progesterone were about 4 to 5 ng per ml during the last seven days before partus. A significant drop of the peripheral plasma level of progesterone to an average of 1.8 ng per ml occurred about 24 hours before parturition.
DIFFERENCES IN 17-OXOGENIC STEROID EXCRETION IN PREGNANCIES WITH NORMAL AND ANENCEPHALIC FOETUSES
Authors: Heys R. F. , Oakey R. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The 17-oxogenic steroid excretion of women pregnant with an anencephalic foetus was found to be significantly lower than that of women pregnant with a normal foetus but similar to that of non-pregnant women taking oral contraceptives containing oestrogens. It is suggested that the diminished excretion of 17-oxogenic steroids in pregnancies with an anencephalic foetus may reflect defective production of corticosteroids or their precursors by the abnormal adrenal of the anencephalic foetus.
ADRENAL AND GONADAL CONTRIBUTION TO ANDROGEN AND OESTROGEN EXCRETION IN KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME
Authors: Frøland Anders , Frandsen V. Aasted , Johnsen Svend G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Dexamethasone suppression tests were carried out in a group of 42 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome having a 47,XXY karyotype. Urinary androgen excretion obtained during suppression was considered to represent the gonadal contribution. The difference between pre-suppression values and suppression values was interpreted as the adrenal contribution to sex steroid excretion. It was shown that not only was the gonadal androgen production much lower in Klinefelter's syndrome than in a comparable group of normal men, but the adrenal androgen synthesis was also significantly reduced.
Adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone as against adrenal androsterone plus etiocholanolone was positively correlated in Klinefelter's syndrome in contrast to normal men. This is taken as an indication of a qualitatively altered synthesis of adrenal sex hormones in the patient group.
The oestrogen excretion was not quantitatively altered in Klinefelter's syndrome when compared with normal men. Correlation studies showed that in Klinefelter's syndrome adrenal oestrogens and adrenal DHA were uncorrelated contrary to the findings in normal men. This points towards an abnormal adrenal oestrogen synthesis in Klinefelter's syndrome.
INTERFERENCE BY SERUM PROTEINS WITH LH RADIOIMMUNOASSAY USING IMMUNOSORBENT
Authors: Reuter A. M. , Hendrick J. C. , Sulon J. , Franchimont P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The percentage of LH* bound to antibodies that have been covalently bound to cellulose is diminished in the presence of LH-free human serum and sera from various species of animals.
Serum fractionation studies on Sephadex G 200 show that the greatest interference comes from the proteins eluted in the void volume i. e. the high molecular weight proteins. Specifically, the gamma M globulins and the α2-macroglobulins appear to play an important role, as demonstrated by tests in which these proteins were neutralized by gamma M and α2-macroglobulin antisera.
FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) AND INTERSTITIAL CELL STIMULATING HORMONE (ICSH) IN RELATION TO GAMETIC OUTPUT IN 643 MALES
Authors: Kjessler Berndt , Wide Leif 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The relation between gonadotrophin secretion and average gametic output has been investigated in 643 healthy male partners of barren couples. FSH and ICSH excretion in urine were determined by means of bioassay and radioimmunoassay respectively, and FSH in serum was determined by radioimmunoassay.
The mean sperm counts were calculated for each patient from serial seminal analyses over a 12 week observation period.
The subjects were grouped according to their average gametic output and statistically significant differences were found between all mean excretion values for FSH, and for all but one pair of ICSH mean excretion values, when groups of patients with decreasing gametic output were compared. Individual assay results were, however, widely spread within each subgroup with extensive overlapping between the groups.
A general trend towards an increase in FSH as well as of ICSH secretion with decreasing gametic output was found. Thus, the mean excretion of FSH was found to be increased by 2.7 times, and the mean excretion of ICSH by 1.7 times, when azoospermic males were compared with males with a mean sperm count of 20 mill, per ml or more.
There was no evidence of accumulation of males with low or absent gonadotrophin secretion in any subgroup, and this may indicate that only few, if any, of the ordinary healthy male partners in the present couples suffered from a primary pituitary failure to secrete FSH or ICSH.
About 50 per cent of the males with increased FSH secretion and low or absent gametic output may have a selective spermatogenic failure, while the remainders are likely to suffer from a more general gonadal deficiency, since they also have a concomitant rise in ICSH.
THE CONCENTRATION OF PEROXIDASE IN NORMAL AND ADENOMATOUS HUMAN THYROID TISSUE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PATIENTS WITH PENDRED'S SYNDROME
Authors: Ljunggren Jan-Gustaf , Lindström Hans , Hjern Bo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The peroxidase content in the thyroids from two patients with Pendred's syndrome (abnormal discharge of iodide from the thyroid after perchlorate administration, congenital deafness and sporadic goitre) was investigated and compared to the content in 11 patients with normal thyroids, 22 patients with adenomatous goitres and 12 patients with diffuse toxic goitres.
The results indicate that the peroxidase contents in the patients with Pendred's syndrome are not decreased as compared to normal or nodular thyroid tissue. The results are discussed with regard to the cause of an intrathyroidal iodide organification defect. It is suggested that patients with Pendred's syndrome may have a defective hydrogen peroxide producing system.
VALUE OF SINGLE URINE SPECIMENS IN ESTIMATION OF 24 HOUR URINE IODINE EXCRETION
Authors: Frey H. M. M. , Rosenlund B. , Torgersen J. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The excretion of iodine both in a 24 hour urine collection and per g of creatinine in a single afternoon specimen was studied in 33 physicians and 29 nurses in Oslo. The mean 24 hour excretion in males was 216 μg/24 h and in females 165 μg/24 h.
The mean ratio between total urinary iodine excretion in 24 hours and the excretion per g of creatinine in the afternoon specimen was found to be 1.97 (sd = 0.53) in males and 1.30 (sd = 0.49) in females.
These data make it possible to calculate the mean 24 hour urinary iodine excretion in population studies on the basis of afternoon urine specimens, and also to estimate the accuracy of this calculation.
The method was used on samples of urine from 210 healthy males and 73 healthy females in Oslo (mostly industrial workers). The estimate of the mean 24 hour iodine excretion in the males was 248 μg/24 h (sem 4.5), and in the females 173 μg/24 h (sem 8).