bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drawing a “Geopolitics” of Medieval Middle East: Political Alliance and Rivalry among Islamic Caliphates, the Mongols, and the European Kingdoms
Authors: Karim Muhammad Abdul 
Published: March 2024

This article aims to sketch the “geopolitics” of the past by investigating the context of the medieval Islamic world. Not only in today’s world, international political and economic relations have also had their precedents in the past. Given its strategic position in this issue, the Middle East is one of the regions that are interesting to study in the context of geopolitical narratives from the past to the present. This article tries to unravel the geopolitical situation of the Medieval Middle East by tracing historical records related to the economic-political relations of Islamic dynasties through a broader picture by looking at their relationship with other political powers that existed at that time, especially the Mongols and European-Christian kingdoms in general. This exploration shows how the issues of political pragmatism filled with negotiations and the necessity of religious issues have been deeply intertwined with each other and became a major feature of geopolitical relations in the medieval Middle East.[Artikel ini menggambarkan sebuah sketsa tentang “geo-politik” di masa lalu dengan menginvestigasi konteks dunia Islam pada abad pertengahan. Tidak hanya terjadi di dunia saat ini, relasi internasional dalam bidang politik dan ekonomi juga telah memiliki presedennya di masa lalu. Timur tengah adalah salah satu ranah yang layak untuk dikaji dalam konteks narasi geopolitik sejak masa lalu hingga saat ini, mengingat posisinya yang strategis dalam isu ini. Artikel ini mencoba mengurai situasi geopolitik Timur Tengah pada abad pertengahan dengan menelusuri catatan sejarah terkait relasi ekonomi-politik dinasti-dinasti Islam ditinjau dari konteks yang lebih luas dengan melihat kaitannya dengan kekuaan politik lain yang ada ketika itu, termasuk Mongol dan kerajaan-kerajaan Kristen Eropa secara umum. Penelusuran ini menunjukkan bagaimana isu pragmatisme politik yang dipenuhi dengan negosiasi dan isu keagamaan telah sangat terkait satu sama lain dan menjadi fitur utama dalam relasi geopolitis di Timur Tengah pada abad pertengahan].
The carbon monoxide prodrug oCOm‐21 increases Ca2+ sensitivity of the cardiac myofilament
Authors: Payne Fergus M. , Nie Samantha , Diffee Gary M. , Wilkins Gerard T. , Larsen David S. , Harrison Joanne C. , Baldi James C. , Sammut Ivan A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPatients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass procedures require inotropic support to improve hemodynamic function and cardiac output. Current inotropes such as dobutamine, can promote arrhythmias, prompting a demand for improved inotropes with little effect on intracellular Ca2+ flux. Low‐dose carbon monoxide (CO) induces inotropic effects in perfused hearts. Using the CO‐releasing pro‐drug, oCOm‐21, we investigated if this inotropic effect results from an increase in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Male Sprague Dawley rat left ventricular cardiomyocytes were permeabilized, and myofilament force was measured as a function of ‐log [Ca2+] (pCa) in the range of 9.0–4.5 under five conditions: vehicle, oCOm‐21, the oCOm‐21 control BP‐21, and levosimendan, (9 cells/group). Ca2+ sensitivity was assessed by the Ca2+ concentration at which 50% of maximal force is produced (pCa50). oCOm‐21, but not BP‐21 significantly increased pCa50 compared to vehicle, respectively (pCa50 5.52 vs. 5.47 vs. 5.44; p < 0.05). No change in myofilament phosphorylation was seen after oCOm‐21 treatment. Pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with the heme scavenger hemopexin, abolished the Ca2+ sensitizing effect of oCOm‐21. These results support the hypothesis that oCOm‐21‐derived CO increases myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity through a heme‐dependent mechanism but not by phosphorylation. Further analyses will confirm if this Ca2+ sensitizing effect occurs in an intact heart.
Effect of lower body negative pressure on cardiac and cerebral function in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: A pilot MRI assessment
Authors: Skow Rachel J. , Foulkes Stephen J. , Seres Peter , Freer Meghan A. , Mathieu Eric D. , Raj Satish R. , Thompson Richard B. , Haykowsky Mark H. , Richer Lawrence 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPostural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is characterized by an excessive heart rate (HR) response upon standing and symptoms indicative of inadequate cerebral perfusion. We tested the hypothesis that during lower body negative pressure (LBNP), individuals with POTS would have larger decreases in cardiac and cerebrovascular function measured using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Eleven patients with POTS and 10 healthy controls were studied at rest and during 20 min of −25 mmHg LBNP. Biventricular volumes, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Qc), and HR were determined by cardiac MR. Cerebral oxygen uptake (VO2) in the superior sagittal sinus was calculated from cerebral blood flow (CBF; MR phase contrast), venous O2 saturation (SvO2; susceptometry‐based oximetry), and arterial O2 saturation (pulse oximeter). Regional cerebral perfusion was determined using arterial spin labelling. HR increased in response to LBNP (p < 0.001) with no group differences (HC: +9 ± 8 bpm; POTS: +13 ± 11 bpm; p = 0.35). Biventricular volumes, SV, and Qc decreased during LBNP (p < 0.001). CBF and SvO2 decreased with LBNP (p = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively) but not cerebral VO2 (effect of LBNP: p = 0.28; HC: −0.2 ± 3.7 mL/min; POTS: +1.1 ± 2.0 mL/min; p = 0.33 between groups). Regional cerebral perfusion decreased during LBNP (p < 0.001) but was not different between groups. These data suggest patients with POTS have preserved cardiac and cerebrovascular function.
Sirtuin 5 regulates acute myeloid leukemia cell viability and apoptosis by succinylation modification of glycine decarboxylase
Authors: Zhang Jun , Luo Cheng , Long Haiying 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a blood system malignancy where sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is abnormally expressed in AML cell lines. This study aimed to investigate the SIRT5 effects on the viability and apoptosis of AML cell lines. The mRNA and protein expression levels of succinylation regulatory enzyme in clinical samples and AML cell lines were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting while cell viability was measured using cell counting kit-8 assay. The apoptosis rate was assessed with flow cytometry. The interaction between SIRT5 and glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) was determined by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining techniques. Results indicated higher mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT5 in clinical AML samples of AML than in normal subjects. Similarly, cell viability was inhibited, and apoptosis was promoted by downregulating SIRT5, in addition to inhibition of SIRT5-mediated GLDC succinylation. Moreover, rescue experiment results showed that GLDC reversed the effects of SIRT5 knockdown on cell viability and apoptosis. These results, in combination with SIRT5 and GLDC interactions, suggested that SIRT5 was involved in mediating AML development through GLDC succinylation. SIRT5 inhibits GLDC succinylation to promote viability and inhibit apoptosis of AML cells, suggesting that SIRT5 encourages the development of AML.
Suitability location for landfill using a fuzzy-GIS model: A case study in Hillah, Iraq
Authors: Hamed Noor Hashim , Husein Haifaa Nasser , Jasim Oday Zakariya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOne of the most significant issues facing local governments and municipalities worldwide is choosing an appropriate location for landfills. In order to suggest appropriate places for waste sites, this study proposes a strategy using a fuzzy logic model and spatial analytic tools. The proposed approach utilized five parameters extracted from Geographic Information System (GIS) layers in Hillah city in Iraq, which include distances from hydrology features, residential or urban areas, transportation, and historical locations. These parameters were used as standards to construct a geodatabase for generating suitability maps. These indicators are relevant factors in determining the suitability of a site for an urban landfill. It is important to consider the distance from residential or urban areas when selecting a landfill site. A significant distance helps reduce the potential negative impacts on nearby communities, such as odors, noise, traffic, and health concerns associated with waste disposal, and for the other indicators. The fuzzy logic model is more accurate than conventional methods such as the weighted overlay approach. Based on a fuzzy logic model, the total surface area of acceptable locations is 1.1 km². According to the fuzzy logic model, some frequent adequate places were discovered to be beyond the city borders, to the west and south of the research region. To minimize the negative impacts on the environment and its residents, this study demonstrated how the fuzzy logic model and GIS might be combined for waste management decision concerns connected to landfill site selection.
The die swell eliminating mechanism of hot air assisted 3D printing of GF/PP and its influence on the product performance
Authors: Yang Ru , Xiao Jianhua , Liu YingLan , Xu ShiKang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
For eliminating the die swell phenomenon in 3D printing of GF/PP, a hot air assisted 3D printing method is proposed and its mechanism is studied. A two-phase flow model consisting of compressible gas and in-compressible melt is established, and the process of polymer filament extrusion is simulated. A series of experiments are conducted to compare the differences between traditional printing and gas-assisted printing in terms of extruded filament, temperature, and morphology. The simulation and experiment results show that the addition of gas effectively mitigates the melt die swell, and increases the extrusion filament temperature to more than 70°C. The extrusion pressure is reduced about two orders of magnitude, and the first normal stress is decreased from 400,000 to 20,000 Pa. The surface morphology of printed product is smoother and more refined. This study provides valuable information for understanding the principles of gas-assisted printing and demonstrates its potential for improving printing quality and efficiency.
Effect of bottom stirring on bath mixing and transfer behavior during scrap melting in BOF steelmaking: A review
Authors: Wang Zhou , Chen Shuang , Wu Congcong , Chen Nan , Li Jiwen , Liu Qing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking is a widely used method for steelmaking production, and the bath stirring has a significant influence on dynamics of bath flow and mixing. Therefore, the effect of bottom gas flowrate, nozzle number and configuration, and bottom gas distribution mode on bath stirring are summarized in this study. Reasonable matching of bottom gas flowrate, nozzle number and configuration, as well as intensive study on the coupling effect of gas flowrate gradient and exchange frequency on non-uniform stirring would receive more and more attention in the coming years. With wide concern on the low-carbon and high-efficient production for BOF steelmaking, as a kind of recyclable iron-containing resource, the rapid melting and reasonable utilization of scrap in converter bath were emphasized in recent works, which could be promoted with high-efficient bottom stirring. The effect of bottom stirring on heat and mass transfer during scrap melting process was reviewed in this work, and the influence mechanism of bottom stirring on coupled heat and mass transfer should be further investigated. In addition, an overview of recently published physical and numerical simulation describing the bottom stirring and its effect on scrap melting would provide an outlook for future work.
Evaluating Impacts of Subsidy Removal in the Tunisian Bakery Sector
Authors: Abbassi Abdessalem 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The paper analyzes the economic impact of the gradual removal of the subsidy in the bakery sector in Tunisia. A partial equilibrium model under imperfect competition in the soft wheat market is developed to evaluate the impact of the gradual removal of the subsidy in the Tunisian bakery sector. Two scenarios are simulated. In the first scenario, the subsidy is eliminated over a three years, starting in 2024. Scenario 2 mirrors scenario 1, but assumes a 5 % annual increase in the world price of soft wheat from 2024 to 2026, accounting for the anticipated depreciation of the Tunisian currency. The results show that the overall welfare would increase under both scenarios 1 and 2, and range between 443.9 and 472.2 million dinars by 2026, respectively. Based on the results of the simulations, to mitigate the negative impact of subsidy removal, it is strongly recommended to extend the food subsidy reform to a five-year period, prioritizing the protection of low-income segments. In addition, abolishing the Cereal Board’s regulatory role and moving to a competitive farm-level market would enhance competition, attract investment, and improve productivity and efficiency. However, a new cereal policy should be implemented to achieve objectives of food security, improved productivity, sustainability, and resilience.
Grassroots Organizations and Women’s Empowerment in a Post-Conflict Region: Evidence from Women Organizations in Northern Uganda
Authors: Davidson Lupe , Demir Firat , Harris John 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the effects of participation in women’s grassroot organizations (WGOs) on women’s empowerment. The analysis is based on cross-sectional survey data from northern Uganda. We study multiple dimensions of empowerment including economic and health care decisions, attitudes towards domestic violence, decision-making over functionings, political and civic participation, personal agency, and leadership. The empirical results suggest no significant effect of WGO membership, participation or satisfaction on empowerment. We argue that these findings raise new questions about why women join WGOs in post-conflict contexts and what the mechanics of individual and collective empowerment are.
The dihedral hidden subgroup problem
Authors: Chen Imin , Sun David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe hidden subgroup problem (HSP) is a cornerstone problem in quantum computing, which captures many problems of interest and provides a standard framework algorithm for their study based on Fourier sampling, one class of techniques known to provide quantum advantage, and which succeeds for some groups but not others. The quantum hardness of the HSP problem for the dihedral group is a critical question for post-quantum cryptosystems based on learning with errors and also appears in subexponential algorithms for constructing isogenies between elliptic curves over a finite field. In this article, we give an updated overview of the dihedral hidden subgroup problem as approached by the “standard” quantum algorithm for HSP on finite groups, detailing the obstructions for strong Fourier sampling to succeed and summarizing other known approaches and results. In our treatment, we “contrast and compare” as much as possible the cyclic and dihedral cases, with a view to determining bounds for the success probability of a quantum algorithm that usesmmcoset samples to solve the HSP on these groups. In the last sections, we prove a number of no-go results for the dihedral coset problem (DCP), motivated by a connection between DCP and cloning of quantum states. The proofs of these no-go results are then adapted to give nontrivial upper bounds on the success probability of a quantum algorithm that usesmmcoset samples to solve DCP.
Electrochemical corrosion behaviour of UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel dependent on sigma phase precipitation
Authors: Özbay Kısasöz Burçin , Tütük İbrahim , Acar Serhat , Kısasöz Alptekin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, the microstructure and electrochemical corrosion behavior of the UNS S32205 alloy were investigated. Firstly, the phase diagram of the studied samples was determined by Thermo-Calc 2022 software, and the solution treatment temperature was designated. The studied samples were cooled by various cooling rates following the solution treatment at 1050 °C for 30 min. The samples were characterized by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and XRD analysis. Also, electrochemical corrosion behavior was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses. Microstructural examinations revealed that decreasing cooling rate causes the precipitation of the sigma phase, and the ratio of the sigma phase was increased up to 29 % by the decreasing cooling rate. Furthermore, it was determined that precipitation of the sigma phase reduces the E
pit values, and the sample with the highest amount of sigma exhibits the lowest corrosion resistance. On the other hand, presence of the sigma changed the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy behavior of the UNS S32205 and double-layered model fit the results.
Morphological diversity, correlation studies, and multiple-traits selection for yield and yield components of local cowpea varieties
Authors: Nuryati Nuryati , Soehendi Rudy , Hermanto Catur , Suyamto Suyamto , Krisdiana Ruly , Pardal Saptowo Jumali , Jumakir Jumakir , Adie Mochammad Muchlish , Krisnawati Ayda , Baliadi Yuliantoro , Abubakar Basri 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The evaluation of the diversity in the cowpea local varieties (CLVs) allows the efficient use of genetic resources for cultivar development. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity of CLVs based on observation of morphological characteristics and to identify the relationship among morphological traits and potential varieties as donor genes to improve yield potential. The CLVs were collected from five provinces in Indonesia during 2017–2018. The evaluation of the performance of CLVs’ morphological characteristics was carried out in the Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research from March to July 2019. The observed data were 43 agronomic characters which consist of qualitative and quantitative characters. There is a high variation in stem pigmentation and seed color in 214 CLVs. There were nine qualitative characters with no variation. Most quantitative characters showed significant variation among CLVs. The clustering of 214 CLVs results in five clusters in which some CLVs maintain valuable characteristics that could be used in the breeding program. The number of pods per plant, number of racemes per plant, and 100 seed weight were useful for indirect selection in the yield improvement. Based on the genotype by trait biplot, the CLV 112, 191, and 111 could be used as donor parents for seed size improvement and the CLV 169 could be used as a donor parent for the yield potential improvement in the cowpea breeding program. Four cowpea genotypes can be recommended for commercial release or used as potential breeding material in cowpea cultivar development programs. The new findings of this study could provide a basis for the genetic improvement of cowpea.
Effect of weather, nitrogen fertilizer, and biostimulators on the root size and yield components of Hordeum vulgare
Authors: Hřivna Luděk , Maco Roman , Dufková Renáta , Kouřilová Veronika , Burešová Iva , Gregor Tomáš 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, the effect of nitrogen doses (52, 80, 110, 140 kg/ha N) and the application of biostimulant preparations containing Ascophyllum nodosum L. algae extract were assessed. During the years 2018–2019, the influence of the preparations on the electrical capacity of the roots (C
R) and yield components of spring barley was determined. Root electrical capacitance was determined in growth stages 45–50, 55–65, and 70–75 according to the BBCH-scale. The best phases of vegetation growth for the application of biostimulators with Ascophyllum nodosum extract were the barley tillering and elongation phases. This application increased C
R while reducing the amount of N required to achieve similar or higher production of barley yield components compared to high N treatments. The root electrical capacitance, the number of productive tillers, and the number of grains per plant were significantly influenced (p > 0.05) by the weather of the year. The number of productive tillers was closely correlated with C
R (r = 0.912**) as well as the number of grains per plant (r = 0.859**) and their weight (r = 0.850**). These relationships were the highest at the beginning of the grain formation (BBCH 70–75). Foliar biostimulation was not very effective in the dry year of 2018. The problem may be the foliar application itself. The effect of foliar application is strongly dependent on weather conditions and may be ineffective in many cases. We recommend the foliar application of effective biostimulants in tillering and elongation phases. They can reduce production costs and environmental pollution by reducing the amount of fertilizer needed while maintaining yields.
Effect of grain boundary segregation and oxygen vacancy annihilation on aging resistance of cobalt oxide-doped 3Y-TZP ceramics for biomedical applications
Authors: Yu Shide , Chen Zhenyu , Sun Yiyin , Huang Dahong , Sun Ting 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the diffusion stabilization process of nano-Co2O3 during the non-precursor transformation of 3Y-TZP. 3Y-TZP was set as the control group, and the experimental groups were 0.1–0.3 mol% nano-Co2O3-doped 3Y-TZP. The samples were prepared by the ball milling process, isostatic cool pressing, and sintering. All samples were hydrothermally treated at 134°C and 2 bar for different time periods. The resistance to low-temperature degradation of nano-Co2O3-doped 3Y-TZP was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The microstructure of zirconia ceramic samples was determined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance studies. The addition of nano-Co2O3 into 3Y-TZP resulted in higher hydrothermal aging resistance than 3Y-TZP. The addition of 0.2 mol% nano-Co2O3 dopants resulted in the highest hydrothermal aging resistance among nano-Co2O3-doped 3Y-TZP ceramics. The grain sizes of 3Y-0.2Co are smaller than those in the control group. With the increase of cobaltous oxide doping contents, the segregation of Co3+ ions at the crystal boundary increased. The content of oxygen vacancies on the surface of the sample increased with the increase of the Co2O3 doping content. The oxygen vacancy concentrations of 3Y-0.2Co increased obviously after aging. 3Y-0.1Co, 3Y-0.3Co, and the control showed decreased oxygen vacancy concentrations after aging. Trivalent element doping of 3Y-TZP effectively improved the aging resistance of 3Y-TZP. The addition of 0.2 mol% nano-Co2O3 resulted in the highest hydrothermal aging resistance. Improved aging resistance is attributed to the nano-Co2O3 doping resulting in the 3Y-TZP grain size inhibition, grain boundary segregation of cobalt ions, and oxygen vacancy maintenance. This work is expected to provide an effective reference for the development and application of budget dental materials by regulating grain boundary engineering.