bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die hinfällige Hufkapsel (Capsula ungulae decidua) des Pferdefetus und neugeborenen Fohlens*
Authors: Bragulla H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe Deciduous Hoof Capsule (Capsula ungulae decidua) of the Equine Fetus and Newborn Foal.The term Eponychium is used to describe the deciduous hoof capsule in veterinary‐medical and embryological literature. In other aspects of veterinary medicine, the term is generally reserved for the perioplic corium of the permanent hoof. In order to clarify this double usage, the structure and origin of the hoof epidermis from 10 equine fetus at different stages of development and 4 newborn foals were investigated and described using light microscopical techniques. Epidermal tubules and lamellae are already present in the non‐cornified fetal hoof epidermis. These structures, along with the formation of a white line, allow this epidermis to be divided into the same segments as are commonly used when referring to the permanent hoof. The greatest part of the deciduous hoof epidermis consists of the sole and frog, with significant portions forming in the coronary corium and that of the hoof wall as well. The perioplic corium only makes up insignificant portions of the fetal hoof capsule, however. Between the second half of the gestation period and birth, this deciduous (primary) hoof capsule is continually being replaced from below by newly‐forming, cornified permanent hoof capsule. On the basis of its structure and origin, we therefore suggest that the term “deciduous hoof capsule (Capsula ungulae decidua)” be used as a replacement for the word “Eponychium” when referring to the primary hoof epidermis.
Myologie du membre pelvien du Dindon domestique Meleagris gallopavo
Authors: Abourachid Anick 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe musculature of the pelvic limb in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)Pelvic limbs of 150 turkeys from a normal farmer's strain and from an Broad Breasted strain were examined by dissection to determine growth from birth to adulthood. Schematic figures and photographs show the course of the dissection. The pictures show how the muscles are related to the skeleton of the pelvic limb in the farmer's strain as well as demonstrate the surfaces upon which the muscles insert. The configuration of the muscles in the turkey are similar to the generally known model in birds. It is necessary, however, to describe the musculature and its relations to the skeleton before functional conclusions can be drawn or before studies of deficiencies in movements related to the selection of broad breasted strains can be made.
Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations on the Development and Structure of Tooth Enamel in Cervidae (Mammalia: Ruminantia)
Authors: Kierdorf H. , Kierdorf U. , Hommelsheim S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryEnamel formation and structure were investigated in 102 developing or erupted teeth of roe, fallow and red deer. Special attention was given to the topography of the forming enamel surface, the form, arrangement and course of enamel rods, its relation to interprismatic enamel and the occurrence of Hunter‐Schreger‐bands in the enamel. Discussed are the significance of the enamel pattern for the identification of certain taxa and the adaptive value of Cervidean enamel structures.
Sur la Structure du Sac Aérien Claviculaire chez le Canard (Anas platyrhinchos)
Authors: Scala G. , Corona M. , Crasto A. , Pelagalli G. V. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryOn the Structure of the Clavicular Air‐Sack of the DuckThe structural organization of the epithelium lining the clavicular air sac in Duck was studied by light and electron microscope. This epithelium consists of two types of pavement like cells. The first flat types of cells are numerous with large mitocondria containing cytoplasm and elongated nuclei. The second short and dumpy cells are few in number and are after seen near the ostium. They could have long microvilli like pseudopod on their apical surface ready to engulf inhaled foreign particles. Desmosomal bridges too are found between contiguous cells.
Détermination Radiologique et Statistique des Types Morphologiques Crâniens chez le Chien: Dolichocéphalic, Mésocéphalie et Brachycéphalie
Authors: Regodon S. , Robina A. , Franco A. , Vivo J. M. , Lignereux Y. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryRadiographic Evaluation and Statistical Analysis of Canine Skull Form: Dolichocephaly, Mesocephaly and Brachycephaly.Cranio‐encephalic morphology of three breeds of dogs (Greyhound, Pointer and Pekinese at the rate of 10 subjects, 5 males and 5 females, in each one) has been radiologically observed. Radiographic negatives in dorso‐ventral and latero‐lateral positions were taken and analyzed before and after the visualisation of the encephalic cavity using baryum sulfat. 18 cranio‐encephalic measurements were chosen and interpreted statistically. The results showed that certain variables were more closely correlated with morphologic types of the cranium than others. We discuss the validity of the data applied for clinical diagnostic or osteo‐archeology determinations.
Räumliche Anordnung und Mikrovaskularisation der Ductuli efferentes testis vom Bullen (Bos taurus)
Authors: Amselgruber W. , Sinowatz F. 
Published: June 2007

Summary Microvascularization of bovine Ductuli efferentes testis of the Bull (Bos taurus) The arrangement, origin, course and opening of the ductuli efferentes testis of the bull (Bos taurus) were visualized using scanning electron microscopy. The corresponding capillary structure was also described and documented with the help of corrosive microanatomical casts. The number of the ductuli efferentes testis of the bull varies narrowly between 12 to 13. Ductuli removed from the surrounding tissue have a length of up to 78 cm. The duct system is composed of linear as well as tortuous parts, permitting division into three distinct segments. Blind ending ductules are very short. We therefore do not see these structures as being associated with spermiostasis.The capillary density as well as the capillary architecture show regional peculiarities. All segments of the ductuli efferentes testis are composed of capillaries of the continuous type. The findings indicate that the increased capillary density in the voluminous initial section of the ductuli efferentes testis represents the basis for resorptive as well as secretory activities in the bull.
Ultrasonographically Detectable Ring Structure in Avian (Gallus gallus) Egg Yolks
Authors: Cartee R. E. , Rumph P. F. , Roland D. , Steele D. E. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAfter a preliminary finding of ultrasonographically detectable ring structure within the yolk of avian eggs, a study was initiated tso investigate these properties. Ultrasonographically detectable alternating hyperechoic and hypoechoic rings within the egg yolk were found to be consistent but variability occurred in ring numbers, thickness, and clarity. Rings were best seen at two days post oviposition and were not affected by refrigeration or heating of the yolks. The usefulness of rings in experimental studies of yolk content of lipoprotein is postulated.
Measurement of Mechanical Forces Acting on the Area Pellucida of the Early Chick Embryo
Authors: Gil J. , Murillo N. L. , Gimeno M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryWe have designed a method for measuring mechanical forces acting on the area pellucida of the chick embryo between stages 1 to 5 of Hamburger and Hamilton (1951). The coordinates of several points on the outline of the area pellucida were used as input, from which a computer program measured the changes in the position of similar points to produce a table of values which, we argue, reflect mechanical forces in the embryo. The results obtained are shown to be reproducible between embryos.The computer program and the measurements obtained were then used to predict the behaviour of surgical incisions made in the area pellucida, using the tables obtained from direct measurements of embryos and the coordinates of various points on the surface of the operated embryos. This procedure was applied to embryos cultured by the method of NEW (1955) and in‐ovo.It was found that in those embryos cultured by EWS technique the computer predictions correspond very closely to shape measurements made directly from embryos. However, the correspondence is less close when applied to embryos in‐ovo.
Differenzierung des Pansenepithels des Rindes während der intrauterinen Entwicklung
Authors: Marko Milan , Kressin Monika , Schnorr Bertram 
Published: June 2007

SummaryDifferentiation of the bovine ruminal épithélium during the intrauterine developmentThe prenatal development of the bovine ruminal epithelium was studied with light‐ and electronmicroscopical techniques. During the period of the nonstratified epithelium a pseudostratified epithelium is found in the dorso‐cranial part, whereas the other areas possess a one‐layered epithelium, which is, like the pseudostratified epithelium, transformed to a multilayered epithelium from the 7th week onwards. From the 9th week the period of the stratified epithelium starts with the formation of the stratum profundum and stratum superficiale. First signs of keratinization are seen in the superficial cells from 2.3 months onwards. With 4 months fetal cornified cells can be identified, with 5.5 months a single‐layered stratum basale is seen on the differentiating papillar connective tissue, and the superficial cells are transformed to ballon‐cells. In suprapapillar areas, a stratum spinosum is formed at the prenatal age of 7.5 months. During epitheliogenesis a horizontal and vertical differentiation of the cells can be observed. The first one includes the differentiation of undifferentiated, embryonal cells to the basal cells of the stratum profundum, the latter the development of the basal cells to spinous cells and then to fetal cornified and ballon‐cells. The ultrastructural changes during the process of keratinization were especially considered.
Zur praenatalen Entwicklung des Pferdeovars*
Authors: Knospe C. , Budras K.‐D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryPrenatal development of the horse's ovaryTo answer the many open questions concerning the development of the horse's ovary, first the prenatal development was investigated. It resulted that follicles derive from the germinal epithelium and its cords, whereas the Leydig cells and the rete blastema originate from the mesonephros. In the second third of pregnancy the Leydig cells undergo an enormous proliferation, in the last third they degenerate. However this degeneration is not connected with the postnatal development of the ovulation groove.
Ultrastructure of Developing and Mature Caprine Leukocytes
Authors: Anosa V. O. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTransmission electron microscopy demonstrated that, based on the structural uniqueness of the granules, caprine granulocytes are easily distinguishable from each other from the promyelocyte stage onwards. The neutrophils had the smallest granules which varied in size and were, in mature cells, either spherical to dumb‐bell in shape; in mature cells the granule contents were compact and finely granular. The primary granules were smaller than the secondary granules. The eosinophil granules were large and typically had internal crystalloid structures; a second group of spherical granules with moderately coarse non‐crystalloid sub‐structure was present in smaller numbers in promyelocytes and myelocytes only.The basophil granules were also large, lackes crystalloids but showed variation in coarseness of granule substance, ranging from finely granular to markedly coarse. Mature granulocytes lackes Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes which were present in promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes and bands.The monocytes had moderate numbers of spherical granules, rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and ribosomes, as well as prominent Golgi apparatus, and the cytoplasm had many small vacuoles.
Cellular Composition of the Pancreatic Islets in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)
Authors: Takeuchi T. , Yukawa M. , Mochizuki K. , Onodera T. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn Mongolian gerbil, morphological changes with age in the content of endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets were analyzed and their relation evaluated by an oral glucose tolerance test.The glucose level 2 hours after glucose administration was 125 ± 5 mg./dl in the young group and 103 ± 4 mg./dl in the old group.In the dorsal portion, B cells were mainly observed in the central area of the islets, surrounded by circular layers of A cells in the peripheral area. Between the A cells and B cells, D cells were scattered or present in layers. A few PP cells were present in the peripheral area of the islets. In the ventral portion, only a few A cells were observed in the peripheral area of the islets, and B cells were surrounded by PP cells.Secretory granules of A cells generally had an electron‐dense spherical core in the limiting membrane. The halo between the limiting membrane and core in A cells was narrower than that in B cells. Secretory granules of B cells were larger than those in A cells, and the core was less electron‐dense, and the halo was wider. Secretory granules of D cells were similar in size to those of A cells; the core showed low electron density, and the halo was very narrow. Granules of PP cells resembled those of A cells, but the electron density of the core was slightly lower.The gerbils showed changes in glucose tolerance, the size of the pancreatic islets, the percentage of B cells, and of A cells in the dorsal portion with age. The content of endocrine cells in Mongolian gerbils was similar to that in humans, rats, mice, and hamsters.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Glial and Neuronal Cell Markers in the Developing Bovine Brain*
Authors: Hewicker‐Trautwein M. , Krueger N. , Urban K. , Trautwein G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn the present immunohistochemical study, the distribution and differentiation of glial and neuronal cells in bovine fetal brains (age range: between1–2 and7–8 months) was examined using antibodies against nervous system‐specific proteins, i. e., glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, neuron specific enolase (NSE) and a neurofilament protein subunit (NF 200 kD).
Is Lamina Muscularis Mucosae Present in the Ruminal Mucosa of Cattle?
Authors: Ikemizu T. , Kitamura N. , Yamada J. , Yamashita T. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe cells in the condensed fibrous layer in the lamina propria of the ruminal mucosa of the calves and cows were studied at the light microscopic level. Abundant actin‐immunoreactive cells were detected both in the calves and cows, while desmin‐immunoreactive cells were moderate in frequency in the cows and low or absent in the calves. Vimentin‐immunoreactive cells were abundant in the cows but moderate to low in frequency in the calves. These cells were distributed to form a condensed layer being more abundant in the ruminal papillae than the interpapillar mucosae in the cows and equal in the papillae and interpapillar mucosae in the calves. At the ultrastructural level, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts were abundant in the deep core of the ruminal papilla of the cows.The present results suggest that the condensed fibrous layer revealed in the ruminal mucosae contains smooth muscle cell population which could be regarded as the specialized lamina muscularis mucosae.
The Anatomy of the Male Genital System of the Beluga Whale, Delphinapterus leucas, with Special Reference to the Penis
Authors: Guise S. De , Bisaillon A. , Séguin B. , Lagacé A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe genital organs of four male adult beluga whales and one newborn animal were dissected and the main characteristics are described. As in other species of cetaceans, the testes and the greatest part of the penis are located inside the abdominal cavity. The penis has a sigmoid flexure and belongs to the fibroelastic type with a thick tunica albuginea and a small amount of vascular spaces in the erectile tissue. The prostate gland, found in other cetaceans, was not seen macroscopically, but only small prostate rudiments could be identified histologically. The os penis and the other accessory glands are absent as in other whales.
Ductus Epididymidis Compartments and Morphology of Epididymal Spermatozoa in Llamas
Authors: Delhon G. , Lawzewitsch I. von 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn this work, an attempt was made to asses possible regional specializations in the llama ductus epididymidis. According to histological and histochemical criteria, six segments (I‐VI) were identified. Segment I was a short region where ductuli efferentes joined the ductus epididymidis. Segments II and III showed maximal epithelial height and mitotic activity, respectively, and weak LDH activity. Epithelial cells in segment IV contained PAS‐positive, amylase and neuraminidase‐resistant secretory granules. Segment V showed strong acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Segment VI was characterized by moderate acid phosphatase and high lactate dehydrogenase activities, respectively, and by maximal spermatozoa packagement. Scanning electron microscopy of epidydimal spermatozoa revealed that cytoplasmic droplet translocation was accomplished at the distal part of the corpus epididymidis. Bent middle pieces characterized spermatozoa during droplet translocation.
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Fine Structure in the Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias)
Authors: Braekevelt C. R. , Young D. L. W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe fine structure of the retinal epithelium (RPE), choriocapillaris and Bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) has been studied by light and electron microscopy in the great blue heron (Ardea herodias). In this species the RPE consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells which display numerous basal (scleral) infoldings and plentiful apical (vitreal) processes which surround photoreceptor outer segments. These epithelial cells are joined laterally by a series of tight junctions located in the mid to basal region. Within the epithelial cells, smooth endoplasmic reticulum is very abundant while rough ER is not. Mitochondria (some of which are ring‐shaped) and polysomes are abundant. In light‐adaptation the RPE nuclei are large vesicular and basally located while the melanosomes of these cells are almost exclusively located within the apical processes. Myeloid bodies are large and numerous and often show ribosomes on their outer surface. Bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) shows the typical pentalaminate structure noted in the majority of vertebrates except teleosts. The choriocapillary endothelium is very thin facing Bruch's membrane but is only moderately fenestrated. The majority of these fenestrations show a single‐layered diaphragm but double‐layered diaphragms are also noted.
Caracteristicas Histoquimicas y Morfometricas de Algunos Musculos Extraoculares del Perro
Authors: Galisteo A. M. , Morales J. L. , Serrano A. Diz y A. L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryHistochemical and Morphometric Aspects of some Extraocular Muscles of the DogThis investigation was carried out on retractor bulbi, lateral and medial rectus muscles of six adult dogs. Tissues were collected from near the center of individual muscle bellies. These were stained for m‐ATPase at varying pHs during preincubation, NADH‐TR, Alpha‐GPDH, Modified Mason trichrome and Hematoxyline and Eosin. Muscle fibers were classified as type I and type II, based on their reaction for m‐ATPase. The retractor bulbi muscle was composed entirely of type II, oxidative, muscle fibers, with no glycolytic fibers. The rectus muscles presented a stratified composition, with superficial muscle fiber bundles containing a mixture of type II fibers oxidative and glycolytic, and central bundles of type I, mixed with type II. It was observed that there was less interstitial tissue in the center of the muscle bellies. Large diameter nerve fibers were also observed in the central layers.
Ultrastructure of the Hinny (Equus asinus × Equus caballus) Seminiferous Epithelium
Authors: Alvarenga F. C. Landime , Bortolozzi J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe gonads and the germinative cells of 3 male hinnies were studied with light and transmission electron microscopy with the aim to observe the development of germ cells and verify the morphological modifications due to the hybridization. The hinny seminiferous epithelium presented Sertoli cells and spermatogonia with normal features and anomalous spermatocytes I. The other cells from the spermatogenic sequence were not seen. Most of the alterations began to occur in the cytes I, which presented nuclear vacuolization and deposits of amorphous material between the carioteca and the nuclear lamina, forming vesicles, or exaggerated chromatin condensation, resulting in pyknosis. In the cytoplasm vacuolization was also observed, besides organelle destruction.The arrest of meiosis due to lock of chromosome homologies leads to germinative cell degeneration and, therefore, the spermatogenesis arrest. This fact causes a profound alteration in the seminiferous epithelium morphology in comparison with the parental species.
Fine Structure of Nerve Endings and Junctions in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Abdel‐Magied E. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe superior cervical ganglion of the one humped camel was studied using an electron microscope. The ganglion contained presumptive cholinergic endings, presumptive aminergic endings, and presumptive sensory endings. Presumptive cholinergic endings contained numerous small clear vesicles, a few large dense‐cored vesicles, and mitochondria. They frequently made synaptic junctions with dendritic processes and, occasionally, with axons in transit. There were few presumptive aminergic endings and they were characterized by a mixed population of dense‐cored vesicles and clear vesicles. They only made synaptic junctions with axons in transit. Presumptive sensory endings were characterized by numerus slender mitochondria and had no synaptic junctions of any kind. Symmetrical membrane thickenings (puncta adherens) were frequently encountered in this study, usually between dendritic processes and other neuronal elements of the superior cervical ganglion.
Blood Supply to the Abdominal and Pelvic Regions in the Mediterranean Pine Vole, Microtus duodecimcostatus (Rodentia, Arvicolidae)
Authors: Ventura J. , López‐Fuster M. J. , Gispert E. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe abdominal and pelvic blood supply of the Mediterranean pine vole (Microtus duodecimcostatus) is described. A total of 13 individuals (seven males, six females) captured in the field (Sanaüja, Spain) were analysed by injection of coloured latex solution and subsequent dissection. The arrangements observed in all specimens show some common traits in relation to the patterns established in other Arvicolidae studied (Arvicola terrestris, Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus H agrestis). These shared characteristics are centred on the origin of the deep circumflex iliac and the medial femoral circumflex arteries. As a particular variation from other Arvicolidae, some specimens of M. duodecimcostatus exhibit a gastrolienal trunk in the coeliac axis. Furthermore, the origin of the prostatic or the vaginal artery from the pudendo‐epigastric trunk observed in some specimens of M. duodecimcostatus has not previously been reported in other myomorph rodents.