bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nature: a Neglected Theme in Practical Theology
Authors: Dreyer Jaco S. , Van Der Ven Johannes A. , Pieterse Hendrik J.C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractGenerally speaking, nature is supposed to have disappeared from theology when the natural sciences emerged after the beginning of modernity. The gap between these sciences became wider and wider, with the effect of lacking almost all contact. Several factors played a role in the rejection of theology in general of philosophical-theological attempts in which themes such as nature and creation could flourish. In practical theology it is possible to broaden our theology of communicative action in such a way that our communication with nature and about nature can also be taken into account. Then we have to take both divine gift and divine challenge in nature seriously, with 'gift' and 'challenge' being communicative terms, and make a distinction between nature's divine gift and nature's divine challenge. Theology speaks of two books where we can find knowledge about God: the book of nature and the book of the Word of God. A hermeneutically mediated experience of God happens when the revelation in nature is inscribed into the texts of the Bible, and the texts of the Bible are inscribed into the book of nature. Our traditional speaking about God should therefore be complemented by both aniconic and nonanthropomorphic speaking about him, because it implies a way to experiencing God in nature - especially for those who are unchurched, and among the unchurched especially for those who define themselves as 'enlightened' and 'modern' people inclined to free, abstract thinking and cherishing their autonomy.
The Homosexual Body Without Apology : a Positive Link Between the Canaanite Woman in Matthew 15:21-28 and Homosexual Interpretation of Biblical Texts
Authors: Nortjé-Meyer Lilly 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA homosexual reading of biblical texts involves the rereading and re-examining of those passages that condemn homosexuals. It is the questioning of traditional interpretation of these passages and the identification of heterosexism and homophobia of biblical scholars. Homosexual persons are searching for positive links between the Bible and homosexuality. In this article, two models, namely the purity and family systems set as examples of a theology of inclusion and resistance, are illustrated by the story of the Canaanite woman. She places herself outside the patriarchal structures by being unclean, silent and passive. Although, this woman is framed by culture and doctrine, she is resisting exclusivity from the community of believers.
A Fuzzy Interpretation of the Bible: Going Beyond Modernism and Postmodernism
Authors: Van Dyk Peet J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMany contemporary biblical exegetes choose to work only within the protected environment of their own methodology. This has led to a lack of methodological integration. This article wishes to introduce the idea of fuzzy logic as a possible way ofsolving the deadlock between methodologies, especially between modernism and postmodernism. Influenced by Aristotelian philosophy, contemporary scholars still, largely work with binary categories. Fuzzy logic questions this assumption in a fundamental way: A fuzzy view of reality prohibits total relativity ('everything goes'), because it accepts the possibility of some degree of objectivity. It also appreciates that different perspectives are not necessarily totally exclusive. It is therefore the task of the reader to attempt to integrate perspectives on a higher level of abstraction.
Methodology, Healing, Story, and Ideology Response To the Articles By Pieter f cRaffert and Johan m sTrijdom
Authors: Crossan John Dominic 
Published: November 2007

AbstractI am grateful to both those preceding scholars for their articles and for allowing me the privilege of a reply. It is also a special pleasure to recall their hospitality and generosity at the University of South Africa during the seminar on which these papers mere first presented. My reply takes up those topics in my title, the first two from Pieter Craffert, the latter two from Johan Strijdom.
Returning From Exile: Exploring John Dominic Crossan's Concept of the Passion-Resurrection Narratives as Prophecy Historicised1
Authors: Kriel Jacques R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe modern and post-modern worldviews are inimical to the worldview of theistic religions and the fundamental assumptions and credal articulations of the Christian faith. John Shelbey Spong has characterised the situation of Christians who take seriously the (post)modern worldview as well as their commitment to Jesus of Nazareth and the biblical tradition as 'living in exile.' In this article I explore to what extent the insights of New Testament historical scholarship, specifically John Dominic Crossan's concept of the passion-resurrection narratives as prophecy-historicised, as well as his historical construct of Jesus as the founder of the Kingdom Movement, could enable a reformulation of basic Christian concepts so that commitments to Christianity and (post)modernism can be held in a creative and meaningful tension. It is suggested that Christians in exile can return and contribute to the Christian community and tradition, and to the transformation of the (post)modern world, if the Church recognizes that different interpretations of Jesus can exist creatively side by side within the tradition. On the basis of Crossan's research-findings it is argued that that is exactly what happened at the birth of Christianity. It remains a possibility today.
Hermeneutics, Contexts, Identity: a Critical Discussion of the Bible in Africa
Authors: Snyman Gerrie F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article provides a critical discussion of some aspects in The Bible in Africa: Transactions, Trajectories, and Trends (West & Dube 2000). The book gives its intended Western reader the opportunity to see (an etic view) how others perceive the Western cultural context. The discussion focuses on the following aspects: (a) The role and possibilities of critical scholarship; (b) The possibility to find a common (for those living in the West and inAfrica) reading context in the light of Cancun and the new 'Empire (c) A model for deconstructing colonial Bible interpretation over against (d) a model of connectivity between the Bible and Africa in terms of resonance and continuity; (e) The essential role missionaries played in Bible translations; and (f) a reflection on some hermeneutical considerations in reading the Bible in Africa.
`God' and Other `Do-Gooders'
Authors: McInnes Alison , Lawson-Brown Vicki 
Published: November 2007

• Summary: This article explores the differences in status between General Practitioners (GPs) and social workers in England and explores the ways in which each profession is regulated. • Findings: A brief historical overview of the professionalization of the role of GPs and social workers is used to contextualize and compare the development of the philosophy of regulatory practice that underpins the two professions. In particular, the level of involvement of people who use services is used to examine the similarities and differences in the regulation of the two professions. The perception of the public towards the two professions and interprofessional perceptions are explored. Some of the limitations of the comparative regulatory paradigms are also identified. • Applications : This article concludes with a discussion about the balance of power (or lack of it) within the regulatory framework for GPs and social workers. There has been an increase in more stringent independent regulation of social workers; however, there appears to be less impetus towards an equivalent system of monitoring GPs. Professional bodies and those involved in the registration processes should be mindful of the findings in this article.
Pulmonary tumour with high carcinoembryonic antigen titre caused by chronic propolis aspiration
Authors: Lin W-C. , Tseng Y-T. , Chang Y-L. , Lee Y-C. 
Published: November 2007

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) titre elevation is sometimes found in benign diseases, such as gastro-intestinal tract inflammatory disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; however, very high CEA titre is rarely encountered in benign pulmonary disease.A 36-yr-old female, who had suffered from body weight loss, was found to have high serum CEA titre (60.8 ng·mL−1). Image studies revealed one pulmonary tumour at the left lower lobe, satellite nodules and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.Left lower lobectomy and lymph node dissection were performed for suspicious pulmonary malignancy. The pathological examination revealed that the tumourous lesion was composed of small and fragmented foreign bodies, fibrinopurulent exudate and heavy eosinophils. The bronchial epithelium was characterised by goblet cell hyperplasia and CEA overexpression. The remaining lung parenchyma possessed similar foreign body reaction. The patient’s medical history was reviewed and it was found that she had spread propolis topically on nasal mucosa as an adjuvant therapy to asthma for 6 months prior to this medical event. The CEA titre decreased after the operation to 14.2 and 7.88 ng·mL−1after 2 weeks and 6 months, respectively.Propolis is used widely in folk medicine but it also has strong sensitising potential. One rare case of propolis aspiration is reported with presentation mimicking lung cancer.
A structural analysis of in vitro catalytic activities of hammerhead ribozymes
Authors: Shao Yu , Wu Susan , Chan Chi Yu , Klapper Jessie R , Schneider Erasmus , Ding Ye 
Published: November 2007

Abstract

Background
Ribozymes are small catalytic RNAs that possess the dual functions of sequence-specific RNA recognition and site-specific cleavage. Trans-cleaving ribozymes can inhibit translation of genes at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems and are thus useful tools for studies of gene function. However, identification of target sites for efficient cleavage poses a challenge. Here, we have considered a number of structural and thermodynamic parameters that can affect the efficiency of target cleavage, in an attempt to identify rules for the selection of functional ribozymes.

Results
We employed the Sfold program for RNA secondary structure prediction, to account for the likely population of target structures that co-exist in dynamic equilibrium for a specific mRNA molecule. We designed and prepared 15 hammerhead ribozymes to target GUC cleavage sites in the mRNA of the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). These ribozymes were tested, and their catalytic activities were measured in vitro. We found that target disruption energy owing to the alteration of the local target structure necessary for ribozyme binding, and the total energy change of the ribozyme-target hybridization, are two significant parameters for prediction of ribozyme activity. Importantly, target disruption energy is the major contributor to the predictability of ribozyme activity by the total energy change. Furthermore, for a target-site specific ribozyme, incorrect folding of the catalytic core, or interactions involving the two binding arms and the end sequences of the catalytic core, can have detrimental effects on ribozyme activity.

Conclusion
The findings from this study suggest rules for structure-based rational design of trans-cleaving hammerhead ribozymes in gene knockdown studies. Tools implementing these rules are available from the Sribo module and the Srna module of the Sfold program available through Web server at http://sfold.wadsworth.org.
The Fer tyrosine kinase regulates an axon retraction response to Semaphorin 3A in dorsal root ganglion neurons
Authors: Shapovalova Zoya , Tabunshchyk Kyrylo , Greer Peter A 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundFps/Fes and Fer are the only two members of a distinct subclass of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases. Fps/Fes was previously implicated in Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A)-induced growth cone collapse signaling in neurons from the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) through interaction with and phosphorylation of the Sema3A receptor component PlexinA1, and members of the collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP) family of microtubule regulators. However, the potential role of the closely related Fer kinase has not been examined.ResultsHere we provide novel biochemical and genetic evidence that Fer plays a prominent role in microtubule regulation in DRG neurons in response to Sema3A. Although Fps/Fes and Fer were both expressed in neonatal brains and isolated DRGs, Fer was expressed at higher levels; and Fer, but not Fps/Fes kinase activity was detectedin vivo. Fer also showed higherin vitrokinase activity toward tubulin, as an exogenous substrate; and this activity was higher when the kinases were isolated from perinatal relative to adult brain stages. CRMP2 was a substrate for both kinasesin vitro, but both CRMP2 and PlexinA1 inhibited their autophosphorylation activities. Cultured mouse DRG neurons retracted their axons upon exposure to Sema3A, and this response was significantly diminished in Fer-deficient, but only slightly attenuated in Fps/Fes-deficient DRG neurons.ConclusionFps/Fes and Fer are both capable of phosphorylating tubulin and the microtubule regulator CRMP2in vitro; and theirin vitrokinase activities were both inhibited by CRMP2 or PlexinA1, suggesting a possible regulatory interaction. Furthermore, Fer plays a more prominent role than Fps/Fes in regulating the axon retraction response to Sema3A in DRG neurons. Therefore, Fps/Fes and Fer may play important roles in developmental or regenerative axon pathfinding through signaling from Sema3A to the microtubule cytoskeleton.
Regulation of nestin expression by thrombin and cell density in cultures of bone mesenchymal stem cells and radial glial cells
Authors: Wautier Franz , Wislet-Gendebien Sabine , Chanas Grazyna , Rogister Bernard , Leprince Pierre 
Published: November 2007

Abstract

Background
Bone marrow stromal cells and radial glia are two stem cell types with neural phenotypic plasticity. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes, but can also differentiate into non-mesenchymal cell, i.e. neural cells in appropriate in vivo and in vitro experimental conditions. Likewise, radial glial cells are the progenitors of many neurons in the developing cortex, but can also generate astrocytes. Both cell types express nestin, an intermediate filament protein which is the hallmark of neural precursors.

Results
In this study, we demonstrate that thrombin, a multifunctional serine protease, stimulates the growth of radial glial cells (RG) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a dose-dependent manner. In RG, the mitogenic effect of thrombin is correlated with increased expression of nestin but in MSCs, this mitogenic effect is associated with nestin down-regulation. Both cell types express the PAR-1 type receptor for Thrombin and the effect of Thrombin on both cell types can be mimicked by its analogue TRAP-6 activating specifically this receptor subtype or by serum which contains various amount of thrombin. Moreover, we also demonstrate that serum deprivation-induced expression of nestin in MSCs is inhibited by high cell density (> 50,000 cells/cm2).

Conclusion
This work shows that thrombin stimulates the growth of both RG and MSCs and that nestin expression by MSCs and RG is regulated in opposite manner by thrombin in vitro. Thrombin effect is thus associated in both cell types with a proliferating, undifferentiated state but in RG this involves the induction of nestin expression, a marker of immaturity for neural progenitors. In MSCs however, nestin expression, as it corresponds to a progression from the mesenchymal "undifferentiated", proliferating phenotype toward acquisition of a neural fate, is inhibited by the mitogenic signal.
Grey matter abnormalities in Brazilians with first-episode
psychosis
Authors: Schaufelberger Maristela S. , Duran Fabio L. S. , Lappin Julia M. , Scazufca Marcia , Amaro Edson , Leite Claudia C. , De Castro Claudio C. , Murray Robin M. , McGuire Philip K. , Menezes Paulo R. , Busatto Geraldo F. 
Published: November 2007

BackgroundIn low-and middle-income countries people with schizophrenia are reported
to experience better outcomes than those in high-income countriesAimsTo examine structural brain differences in people with first-episode
psychosis and controls in BrazilMethodMagnetic resonance imaging using voxel-based morphometry was performed on
122 people with first-episode psychosis and 94 controlsResultsThere were significant decreases in grey matter in the left superior
temporal and inferior prefrontal cortices, insula bilaterally and the
right hippocampal region in first-episode psychosis
(P<0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). The
subgroup of people with schizophrenia (n=62) exhibited a
similar pattern of decrease in grey matter relative to controlsConclusionsStructural abnormalities reported in psychosis in high-income countries
are also present in first-episode psychosis in Brazil
Duration of prodromal phase and severity of volumetric
abnormalities in first-episode psychosis
Authors: Lappin Julia , Dazzan Paola , Morgan Kevin , Morgan Craig , Chitnis Xavier , Suckling John , Fearon Paul , Jones Peter B. , Leff Julian , Murray Robin M. , McGuire Philip K. 
Published: November 2007

BackgroundFirst-episode psychosis is typically preceded by a prodrome in which
there is deterioration in global and social functioningAimsTo examine whether the duration of the prodromal phase influences grey
and white matter volumes at the onset of psychosisMethodsEighty-two people were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging when they
developed a first episode of psychosis. The duration of the prodromal
phase was estimated from detailed interviews and medical records.
Voxel-based morphometry was used to assess neuroanatomical
abnormalitiesResultsA long prodromal phase was associated with smaller grey matter volumes in
the cingulate, frontal and left insular cortex, and with less white
matter volume bilaterally in the superior longitudinal and uncinate
fasciculi and the cingulumConclusionsThe severity of volumetric abnormalities in first-episode psychosis was
greater in those with a long prodrome
Molecular imaging studies of the striatal dopaminergic system in psychosis and predictions for the prodromal phase of psychosis
Authors: Howes Oliver D. , Montgomery Andrew J. , Asselin Marie-Claude , Murray Robin M. , Grasby Paul M. , Mcguire Philip K. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe dopamine hypothesis has been the major pathophysiological theory of psychosis in recent decades. Molecular imaging studies have providedin vivoevidence of increased dopamine synaptic availability and increased presynaptic dopamine synthesis in the striata of people with psychotic illnesses. These studies support the predictions of the dopamine hypothesis, but it remains to be determined whether dopaminergic abnormalities pre-date or are secondary to the development of psychosis. We selectively review the molecular imaging studies of the striatal dopaminergic system in psychosis and link this to models of psychosis and the functional subdivisions of the striatum to make predictions for the dopaminergic system in the prodromal phase of psychosis
Cluster randomised controlled trial of training practices in reattribution for medically unexplained symptoms
Authors: Morriss Richard , Dowrick Christopher , Salmon Peter , Peters Sarah , Dunn Graham , Rogers Anne , Lewis Barry , Charles-Jones Huw , Hogg Judith , Clifford Rebecca , Rigby Christine , Gask Linda 
Published: November 2007

BackgroundReattribution is frequently taught to general practitioners (GPs) as a structured consultation that provides a psychological explanation for medically unexplained symptoms.AimsTo determine if practice-based training of GPs in reattribution changes doctor–patient communication, thereby improving outcomes in patients with medically unexplained symptoms of 3 months' duration.MethodCluster randomised controlled trial in 16 practices, 74 GPs and 141 patients with medically unexplained symptoms of 6 hours of reattribution training v. treatment as usual.ResultsWith training, the proportion of consultations mostly consistent with reattribution increased (31 v. 2%, P=0.002). Training was associated with decreased quality of life (health thermometer difference −0.9, 95% CI −1.6 to −0.1; P=0.027) with no other effects on patient outcome or health contacts.ConclusionsPractice-based training in reattribution changed doctor–patient communication without improving outcome of patients with medically unexplained symptoms.
Intracellular Mechanisms Regulating Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor-2β Endocytosis and Interaction with Extracellularly Regulated Kinase 1/2 and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Cascades
Authors: Markovic Danijela , Punn Anu , Lehnert Hendrik , Grammatopoulos Dimitris K. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Many important physiological roles of the urocortin (UCN) family of peptides as well as CRH involve the type 2 CRH receptor (CRH-R2) and downstream activation of multiple pathways. To characterize molecular determinants of CRH-R2 functional activity, we used HEK293 cells overexpressing recombinant CRH-R2β and investigated mechanisms involved in attenuation of CRH-R2 signaling activity and uncoupling from intracellular effectors. CRH-R2β-mediated adenylyl cyclase activation was sensitive to homologous desensitization induced by pretreatment with either UCN-II or the weaker agonist CRH. CRH-R2β activation induced transient β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2, as well as clathrin, recruitment to the plasma membrane. β-Arrestin2 appeared to be the main β-arrestin subtype associated with the receptor. This was followed by CRH-R2β endocytosis in a mechanism that exhibited distinct agonist-dependent temporal characteristics. CRH-R2β also induced transient activation of the ERK1/2 and p38MAPK signaling cascades that peaked at 5 min and returned to basal within 20–30 min. Unlike p38MAPK, activated ERK1/2 was localized both in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Experiments employing inhibitors of receptor endocytosis showed that CRH-R2β-MAPK interaction does not require β-arrestin, clathrin, or receptor endocytosis. Site-directed mutagenesis studies on CRH-R2β C terminus showed that the amino acid cassette TAAV at the end of the C terminus is important for CRH-R2β signaling because loss of a potential phospho-acceptor site in mutant receptors containing deletion or Ala substitution of the cassette TAAV resulted in reduced ERK1/2 activation and accelerated receptor internalization. These findings provide new insights about the signaling mechanisms regulating CRH-R2β functional activity and determining its biological responses.