bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Distribution of Climate Change Variables (Rainfall and Temperature): Case Study of Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Okoduwa Akus Kingsley , Amaechi Chika Floyd 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Fluctuations in rainfall and Increased temperatures serve as indicators of Nigeria's climate change. Despite this, a comprehensive examination of climatic variables and their spatial distribution within Delta State remains lacking in existing literature. Previous studies on climate change predominantly rely on data from ground-based monitoring stations. However, these stations fail to cover all geopolitical zones within Delta State, posing significant challenges to climate monitoring research. To address this research gap, this study employs Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) and ERA5_Land reanalysis datasets to analyze rainfall and temperature trends spanning from 1983–2023 in Delta State, Nigeria. The statistical significance of these trends was determined using the Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope trend test. Additionally, ArcGIS 10.7 was used to map the region's spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature. The results show a decreasing trend in rainfall from 1983–2023. However, this decreasing trend was not statistically significant (p-value > 0.05). Spatially, rainfall has been decreasing in certain regions of Delta State. In the case of temperature, the result shows an increasing trend from 1983–2023. This increasing trend in temperature was statistically significant (p-value < 0.01). The spatial map shows that Oshimili North, Oshimili South, certain areas of Burutu, certain areas of Warri South West, and some parts of Warri North experienced the highest temperatures throughout the study period. The study's findings will be helpful to environmental managers, and policymakers in developing creative strategies to lessen the negative effects of climate change.
In search of the lost link: the fascinating platinum host rock of Chocó, Colombia
Authors: Salazar Gabriel , Salazar Susana , Ochoa Andrés , Bedoya Álvaro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In Colombia, after nearly 500 years of the quest for the platinum source rock, a remarkable discovery of a fossiliferous limestone with gold and platinum now resides under the watch of the Geological Survey's Museum in Medellín, registered as RS 2.2.1.1.3. Platinum group minerals, long sought after in Colombia's placer deposits since the 19th century, typically found in the form of nuggets, have received special attention due to the missing link that exists between authigenesis in mafic/ultramafic rocks to detrital alluvium associations. Consequently, this finding unveils an entirely new environment hosting platinum. In this article, we delve into the historical context and the heritage value of a sample boasting 300 g/t of platinum and 33 g/t of gold, embedded in a dolomitized biosparite. Various analyses, encompassing atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, micropetrographic characterization, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, were performed on the sample. The sample baffled experts due to its unassuming sedimentary rock appearance and the unusual circumstances of its arrival at the museum. Hence, it stands as one of those uncommon scientific curiosities with an unforeseen origin, accessible only through a stroke of chance and an unbiased perspective regarding its origin. Beyond its historical and geological significance, this specimen, safeguarded within the museum's collection, encourages education and awareness regarding geosites, advocating for the preservation of one of the planet's most biologically diverse regions, where platinum was first discovered.
Dialectics in the Realm of Mars: Historical Typologies of Wars of A.E. Snesarev and E.A. Razin
Authors: Рахманов А.Б. 
Published: April 2024

Научное исследование войны как социального явления требует применения к ней диалектической методологии, которая обусловливает рассмотрение исторического развития войны. В первую очередь это предполагает выделение исторических типов войн. Задача изучения исторической типологии войн была впервые поставлена и на-чала решаться после Первой мировой войны. В статье рассматриваются исторические типологии войн, разработанные русским военным теоретиком А.Е. Снесаревым и советским военным историком Е.А. Разиным. Эти два варианта исторической типо-логии войн опирались на разные философские подходы и обладали как сильными, так и слабыми сторонами.
The scientific study of war as a social phenomenon requires the application to it of dialectical methodology, which involves consideration of the historical development of war. First and foremost, this involves distinguishing the historical types of warfare. The task of studying the historical typology of wars was first posed and began to be addressed after World War I. This article examines the historical typologies of warfare developed by the Russian military theorist A.E. Snesarev and the Soviet military historian E.A. Razin. These two versions of the historical typology of wars were based on different philosophical approaches and had both strengths and weaknesses.
The Experience of the Missionaries of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Origin of Christian Education Among the Ossetians (1742–1793)
Authors: Блейх Н.О. 
Published: April 2024

В публикации представлен анализ деятельности миссионеров РПЦ в зарождении христианского образования у осетин за период с 1742 по 1793 гг. Цель работы заключается в воссоздании целостной картины генезиса христианского образования миссионерами, выявлении их вклада в дело просвещения осетинского народа. На основе открытия новых архивных и документальных материалов в статье пересматривается позиция некоторых аспектов кавказоведческой науки, нивелирующей значение грузинских деятелей в культурном сближении русско-осетинских обществ.
The publication presents an analysis of the activities of the missionaries of the Russian Orthodox Church in the origin of education among Ossetians for the period from 1742 to 1793. The aim of the work is to recreate a holistic picture of the genesis of Christian education by missionaries, to identify their contribution to the school architecture of the Ossetian people. Based on the discovery of new archival and documentary materials, the article reviews the position of some aspects of Caucasian studies, leveling the importance of Georgian figures in the cultural rapprochement of Russian-Ossetian societies.
The effect of the impact of the transport load on the strength and deformability of the soil base of the road structure
Authors: Serikov Akjol , Kvashnin Mikhail , Kulmanov Kalizhan , Dyussengaliyeva Turly , Sikimbekova Kundyz , Zhauyt Algazy 
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of determining the strength and deformation characteristics of the soils of the roadbed. Models of road structures located on a weak soil base are also considered, with the justification of design schemes reflecting the basic physical conditions of the structure. The strength of weak soils under the influence of vibration loads depends on their variety and porosity. The higher the density of the soil, the higher its dynamic stability and the greater the values of vibration accelerations, which cause a decrease in its strength. When comparing the calculated data of the dynamic deflection of a weak soil base with experimental data, it was found that the discrepancy in quantitative values does not exceed 10 %, which is quite acceptable for this kind of research. The results obtained and the accepted models of road structures are recommended to be used in calculations of the stability of embankment slopes of the roadbed, as well as in calculations of the precipitation of the embankment body on weak foundations.
Research on noise reduction methods for indoor substations based on resonant sound absorption
Authors: Ma Jiangang , Geng Mingxin , Zhao Yalin , Wang Lv , Fan Chuang , Guo Jipu , Yu Xiaobing 
Published: April 2024

Aiming to reduce the impact of substation noise on the lives of surrounding residents, improving the low and middle frequencies acoustic performance of traditional resistive mufflers in indoor substations is significant. The paper is based on the resonance sound absorption mechanism, and for the first time applies multi-frequency resonance noise reduction technology to the research field of indoor substation noise control, proposing a multi-frequency resonant muffling structure. The acoustic performance of the proposed muffler unit is investigated through theoretical and numerical analysis. The measured noise data of the indoor substation is used as sound excitation in the numerical analysis. The results show that at frequencies of 100 Hz, 200 Hz, 300 Hz, 400 Hz, and 500 Hz, the noise in indoor substations is significantly reduced by the multi-frequency resonant muffling structure. The paper provides references for the application of multi-frequency resonant mufflers in the field of noise control of indoor substations.
Immunomodulatory effect of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera(L.) Dunal) and its impact on COVID-19
Authors: Pushpakaran Arun M. K. , Singh Jyoti , Rasane Prasad , Kaur Sawinder , Kaur Jaspreet , Kaur Jasjit , Kumar Mukul , Assouguem Amine 
Published: April 2024

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera(L.) Dunal) is an Ayurvedic medicinal herb that has been known for its therapeutic properties for millennia. Ashwagandha contains several bioactive compounds, including withanolides, alkaloids, and saponins. They make ashwagandha a potent adaptogen and a versatile herb that can maintain optimal health and overall well-being. Ashwagandha reduces stress and anxiety, as well as boosts the immune system. Its anti-inflammatory properties treat arthritis, asthma, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Ashwagandha produces an immunomodulatory effect on natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and leukemia cells. It enhances the activity of natural killer cells, increases lymphocyte function, and induces apoptosis in leukemia cells. However, its mechanism of action still remains understudied.
Ashwagandha has an impact on COVID-19: phytochemical withanone blocks or weakens the interaction between S-protein and Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Withanoside V and somniferine inhibit viral transcription and replication caused by SARSCoV-2 Mpro.
This review explores the potential utilization of ashwagandha in the food industry, i.e., its safety and toxicity, as well as the mechanism behind its immunomodulatory effect.
Microencapsulation by coacervation: Physicochemical and sensory properties of food flavorings
Authors: Moawad Shimaa , El-Kalyoubi Mamdouh H. , Khallaf Mohamed F. , Gawad Ramadan A. , Saed Badr , Farouk Amr 
Published: April 2024

Coacervation is a low-energy method that is ideal for encapsulating heat-sensitive materials, e.g., limonene, citral, linalool, and isoamyl acetate.
This research used a simple coacervation method to prepare flavoring beads with alginate and Tween 80. The methods of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy made it possible to study the morphology and structure of the flavoring beads. After the extraction, the flavor retention and structure were described using the method of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
The microcapsules demonstrated a retention rate of 99.07–99.73% while the encapsulation efficiency remained as high as 96.40–97.07%. The microcapsules had a mononuclear structure and ranged from spherical to elongated ellipsoids; they were sealed without agglomeration. The particle size was below 1000 µm. The GC-MS chromatograms detected neither structural changes nor any new compounds. The FTIR spectra were similar to the control but demonstrated slight shifts, which suggested fundamental structural changes caused by the coacervation. We also fortified sponge cake and jelly with flavoring beads. The sensory analysis of the sponge cake samples revealed no significant differences compared to the control. All the fortified jelly samples had higher scores for smell, taste, texture, and overall preference than the control.
The coacervation method proved to be an excellent solution for the problem of heat-sensitive flavorings that often lose quality or sensory attributes in food products that undergo extensive thermal treatment.
Exploring the Potentials of Hyaluronic Acid-coated Polymeric
Nanoparticles in Enhanced Cancer Treatment by Precision Drug
Delivery, Tackling Drug Resistance, and Reshaping the Tumour
Micro Environment
Authors: Raval Harshvardhan , Bhattacharya Sankha 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Cancer is a global health issue that requires modern treatments. Biocompatibility,
variable size, and customisable targeting ligands make polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs)
a flexible cancer therapy platform. Dynamic nanocarriers, Hyaluronic Acid (HA)
coated PNPs, target the overexpressed CD44 receptor in cancer. Through improved
permeability and retention, HA, a naturally occurring, biodegradable polymer, increases
tumor accumulation and penetration. Hyaluronic acid-grafted polymeric nanoparticles
(HA-PNPs) provide a number of advantages over other varieties due to their distinct
characteristics. They used CD44 receptor upregulation on cancer cells for selective administration,
leveraging the EPR effect for cancer site accumulation. Their natural composition
improves biocompatibility while promoting conjugation with a variety of
medicinal compounds and providing influence over size and surface features. HA-PNPs
facilitate effective cellular uptake, safeguard their cargo, and have the possibility for regulated
release, which leads to better delivery of drugs and therapeutic efficacy. While
problems, such as CD44 expression variability and drug loading modification, persist,
HA-PNPs offer a viable path for targeted and successful treatment of cancer due to their
intrinsic benefits. HA-PNPs can be coupled with imaging agents to enable real-time
tracking of the delivery of drugs and therapy response, hence enhancing individualized
treatment regimens. HA-PNPs can be programmed to respond to particular environmental
signals found in the tumor's microenvironment (such as pH, redox potential, and enzymes).
This enables for controlled dispensing of therapeutic cargo only when it reaches
the target site, reducing systemic exposure and associated negative effects. HA-PNPs
have the ability to overcome common MDR processes used by cancer cells, thereby enhancing
the efficiency of previously ineffective chemotherapeutic medicines. Recent advances
in HA-functionalized PNP fabrication and cancer applications are covered in this
article. It discusses complete treatment effectiveness and HA's targeting of tumors and
receptors. The study describes production, clinical trials, and problems and prospects in
turning HA-coated PNP platforms into viable therapeutic nanomedicines. HA-functionalized
PNPs are versatile, targeted nanotherapeutics for various tumor types and disease
stages, as shown in this comprehensive study.
Network Pharmacology Study on Herb Pair Bletilla striata-Galla chinensis in the
Treatment of Chronic Skin Ulcers
Authors: Wang Yue , Ding Tengteng , Jiang Xing 
Published: April 2024

Background::
Herb pair Bletilla striata-Galla chinensis (BS-GC) is a classic combination of topical
traditional Chinese medicine formulae in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers (CSUs).

Objective::
The aim of this study is to explore the effective active ingredients of BS-GC, as well as the core
targets and signal transduction pathways of its action on CSUs.

Methods::
The ingredients of BS-GC were obtained from TCMSP and HERB databases. The targets of all active
ingredients were retrieved from the SwissTargetPrediction database. The targets of CSUs were obtained
from OMIM, GeneCards, Drugbank, and DisGeNET databases. A drug-disease target protein-protein interaction
(PPI) network was constructed to select the most core targets, and an herb-ingredient-target network was
built by utilizing Cytoscape 3.7.2. Furthermore, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia
of Genes and Genomes database (KEGG) analysis and verified the results of network pharmacology through
molecular docking.

Results::
A total of 40 active ingredients from the herb pair BS-GC were initially screened, and a total of 528
targets were retrieved. Meanwhile, the total number of CSU targets was 1032. Then, the number of common
targets between BS-GC and CSUs was 107. The 13 core targets of herb pair BS-GC with CSUs were filtered
out according to the PPI network, including AKT1, TNF, EGFR, BCL2, HIF1A, MMP-9, etc. The 5 main
core active ingredients were 1-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-4,7-diol, 1-(4-
Hydroxybenzyl)-4-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diol, physcion, dihydromyricetin, and myricetin.
The main biological processes were inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune response, involving the
AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, HIF-1 signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway,
and calcium signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed good binding activity between the 5
main core active ingredients and 13 core targets.

Conclusion::
This study predicted the core targets and signal transduction pathways in the treatment of CSUs
to provide a reference for further molecular mechanism research.
Palladium-charcoal Catalyzed Direct Esterification of Aldehydes to Esters by NaIO4
Authors: Mohinuddin Md. , Ahmed Kajol , Islam Izarul , Hossain Anamul , Roy Harendra Nath 
Published: April 2024

Abstract::
An efficient direct oxidation method was developed to oxidize some aromatic
and aliphatic aldehydes to esters by the dual utilization of NaIO4 and Pd-C. At ambient
conditions, various aldehydes were employed in a clean esterification reaction to afford
numerous esters in good to excellent yields. By this adopted method, some multifunctional
aldehydes, high-energy-containing aromatic and unsaturated aldehydes, were advantageously
oxidized to esters without noticeable difficulties. Moreover, no over-oxidation occurred
to alcohols, and mostly by products were not formed during this oxidation process.
Conventional and some modern methods lag behind owing to their easier operability and
easy work-up process. This investigation has proven that the required oxidant (NaIO4) or
catalyst (Pd-C) is useless to employ in excess, although some current methods utilize hugely
expensive reagents for such conversions. Mundane reaction set-up, easy product recovery technique, nontoxic
catalyst, and cheap and available starting materials are the noteworthy advantages of this method.
Comparative Analysis of the Gelsemium Alkaloids Metabolism in Human, Pig,
Goat, and Rat Liver Microsomes
Authors: Wang Yi-Rong , Zuo Meng-Ting , Xu Wen-Bo , Liu Zhao-Ying 
Published: April 2024

Aim:
The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolism of Gelsemium elegans in human, pig,
goat and rat liver microsomes and to elucidate the metabolic pathways and cleavage patterns of the Gelsemium
alkaloids among different species.

Methods:
A human, goat, pig and rat liver microsomes were incubated in vitro. After incubating at 37°C for 1
hour and centrifuging, the processed samples were detected by HPLC/Qq-TOFMS was used to detect alcohol
extract of Gelsemium elegans and its metabolites

Results:
Forty-six natural products were characterized from alcohol extract of Gelsemium elegans and 13
metabolites were identified. These 13 metabolites belong to the gelsemine, koumine, gelsedine, humantenine,
yohimbane, and sarpagine classes of alkaloids. The metabolic pathways included oxidation, demethylation and
dehydrogenation. After preliminary identification, the metabolites detected in the four species were different.
All 13 metabolites were detected in pig and rat microsomes, but no oxidative metabolites of Gelsedine-type alkaloids
were detected in goat and human microsomes.

Conclusion:
In this study, Gelsemium elegans metabolic patterns in different species are clarified and the in
vitro metabolism of Gelsemium elegans is investigated. It is of great significance for its clinical development
and rational application.
Promising Potential of Curcumin and Related Compounds for Antiviral
Drug Discovery
Authors: Sharma Archana , Sharma Twinkle , Bhaskar Rajveer , Ola Monika , Sharma Alok , Sharma Prabodh Chander 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Viruses are acellular, microscopic, and mobile particles containing genetic particles,
either DNA/RNA strands as nucleoproteins, responsible for 69,53,743 deaths till the year 2023.
Curcumin and related compounds are among the areas of pivotal interest for researchers because of
their versatile pharmacological profile. Chemically known as diferuloylmethane, which is a main
constituent of turmeric along with demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, they have a
broad spectrum of antiviral activity against viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, herpes
simplex virus, influenza virus (Avian influenza) and Hepatitis C virus HIV. The possible role of
curcumin as an antiviral agent may be attributed to the activation of the 20S proteasome, a cellular
machinery responsible for degrading unfolded or misfolded proteins in a ubiquitin-independent
manner. It shows suppression of HBV entry at various infection stages by inhibiting cccDNA replication
by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to attenuate IAV-induced myocarditis.
Local Structure and Optical Studies of Mn2+ Doped L-histidine-4-
nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol Single Crystal
Authors: Bharati Maroj , Singh Vikram , Kripal Ram 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The zero-field splitting parameters of Mn2+ doped L-histidine-4-
nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol single crystals are evaluated

Methods:
The superposition model and perturbation theory are used to obtain zero-field splitting
parameters for Mn2+ ion-doped LHPP single crystals. The optical spectra of the system are computed
using the crystal field parameters from the superposition model as input into the crystal field analysis
program.

Results:
The evaluated zero field splitting parameters are in good match with the experimental values
when local distortion is taken into account. The experimental finding that the Mn2+ ion enters the
L-histidine-4-nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol lattice at the interstitial position is supported by the theoretical
result.

Conclusion:
It is found that the calculated and experimental band positions agree fairly well. Thus,
the theoretical study supports the experimental observation.
Practical Perspectives and Roles of XRD in Drug Discovery: A Review
Authors: Mehta Ashish , Makhija Rahul , Barik Pallavi , Dhiman Shubham , Das Gupta Ghanshyam , Asati Vivek 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Biophysical techniques include various methodologies applied in studying biological systems
at the molecular and cellular level for the drug discovery process. Various methods like isothermal
calorimetry, electron microscopy, XRD (X-ray diffraction), electron microscopy, mass spectrometry,
atomic force microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, surface plasmon resonance,
and nuclear magnetic resonance are important techniques for drug discovery. Out of these techniques,
XRD is widely employed in structure-based drug discovery, whereas FBDD (fragment-based
drug discovery) is widely used in the different phases of drug discovery. XRD was considered one of
the most important tools for structure determination of biomolecules and peptides. Consistent development
and advancement in XRD improved the various aspects of data processing, collection, sample
loading, and increased throughput. This advancement is crucial in obtaining highly resolved protein
and other biomolecule crystal structures. The structure obtained from XRD forms the core of
structure-based drug discovery and FBDD. This review article focuses on the different roles of biophysical
techniques with special emphasis on advancement, data collection, and XRD's role in different
drug discovery phases.