bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geodiversity in the wilderness: a brief history of geoconservation in Tasmania
Authors: Houshold Ian , Sharples Chris 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Since the early 1980s, conservation-orientated Earth scientists in Australia's island state of Tasmania have developed an approach to geoconservation that places emphasis on geomorphology, soils and landform processes, in contrast to the stronger emphasis in some places on the scientific values of bedrock geological features. Although bedrock geoheritage has not been ignored, this geomorphological emphasis emerged from Tasmania's recent political history, during which the conservation of large areas of wilderness has dominated local political debate from the early 1970s to the 1990s. With the recognition of undisturbed natural landscapes and ecosystems (wilderness) as having conservation value, it was only a short step to valuing natural landforms, soils and ongoing geomorphological processes as the key abiotic elements of that broader focus. With popular and political acceptance during the 1980s and 1990s of the conservation of wilderness values as a legitimate government policy, Earth scientists within Tasmanian state government land management agencies had a mandate to develop and implement geoconservation policies. The optimum strategy for the small community of geoconservation workers in Tasmania has been to focus on developing theoretical, legislative and management tools for geoconservation in public land management agencies. Tasmanian workers found existing theoretical frameworks for geoconservation inappropriate for their needs, and adopted additional concepts to identify, justify and implement geoconservation. The concept of geodiversity has proven to be a powerful framework for developing classification systems which in turn allow thematic, georegional analyses to provide a systematic, objective and scientifically defensible context for identifying well-expressed representative examples of the various elements of geodiversity. This approach has resulted in the adoption of a terminology distinct from that previously used on mainland Australia, which is, however, convergent with terminology now used in Europe.
History of Geoparks
Authors: Jones Cheryl 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
The philosophy behind the Geoparks concept was first introduced at the Digne Convention in 1991 as a means to protect and promote geological heritage and sustainable local development through a global network of territories containing geology of outstanding value. In 1997, in direct response to the ‘Declaration of the Rights of the Memory of the Earth', the Division of Earth Sciences of UNESCO introduced the concept of a UNESCO Geoparks Programme to support national and international endeavours in Earth heritage conservation. In 2000, representatives from four European territories met together to address regional economic development through the protection of geological heritage and the promotion of geotourism. The result of this meeting was the signing of a convention declaring the creation of the European Geoparks Network (EGN). The next significant step for the EGN was the signing of an official agreement of collaboration with UNESCO in 2001, placing the Network under the auspices of the organzsation. In 2004 the 17 existing European Geoparks joined with eight new Chinese national Geoparks to form a Global Network of National Geoparks under the auspices of UNESCO. This Global Network of National Geoparks has encouraged other countries such as Iran and Brazil to develop Geoparks programmes. By 2007, European Geoparks were distributed across 15 European countries. There are 31 members of the European Geoparks Network, bringing the total number of Global Geoparks to 52. Progress has not always been easy, however, and finding funding to develop the initiative and secure the future of individual Geoparks remains a significant challenge.
Geological conservation in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
Authors: Thomas Barry A. , Warren Lynda M. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Before the middle of the twentieth century there were very few geological reserves in Britain and there was no government legislation to protect them. In other countries and especially in the USA, there were many more such sites protected by a number of legislative processes. In nineteenth century Britain most of the land was owned by comparatively few wealthy people and common land was being steadily reduced through increasing numbers of Enclosure Acts. This meant that there were very few opportunities for conservation action especially as there was no legal basis for doing so other than through land ownership. In the USA the situation was completely different. The westward expansion was in full swing resulting in an increasing amount of federal land holdings owned by Congress. This, together with a desire of the federal government to save special sites for future generations, resulted in the extensive National Parks created by statute and the cultural and national monuments protected by the 1906 Preservation of American Antiquities Act. It took another forty years for Britain to have similar legislation.
Geodiversity: the origin and evolution of a paradigm
Authors: Gray Murray 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
‘Geodiversity’ can be defined as the range of geological, geomorphological and soil features. Although the word itself was first used only in the early 1990s, the principles behind its application to nature conservation have a longer history. For example, the search for representative sites has been a guiding principle for conservation site selection in the UK since the Second World War, and can also be detected as the basis for new site selection criteria in the USA, Ireland and many other countries. It is also starting to be used as a means of analysing the existing World Heritage Sites list and may become one factor in assessing new site applications. The word was first widely adopted in Tasmania and has a status equal to biodiversity within the Australian Natural Heritage Charter. Despite some opposition, the term is increasingly being used around the world, but has been adopted most enthusiastically in the UK, where many Geodiversity Audits, Local Geodiversity Action Plans and Company Geodiversity Action Plans have been published or are planned. A national Geodiversity Action Plan will be published in 2008. The term has also been adopted in national planning guidance in the UK and, as a result, is finding its way into regional and local planning policies. The paper concludes with some speculations about its future use in geoconservation.
The role of the British Geological Survey in the history of geoconservation
Authors: McMillan Andrew A. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Over its 172 year history, the British Geological Survey (formerly the Geological Survey of Great Britain) has, through underpinning core activities, its archive and databases and its experienced field staff, provided the geological basis for geoconservation. Evolving activities of the Survey from primary survey and collecting to revision mapping to 3D/4D-modelling reflect changing national needs. In turn, BGS has developed its capability to provide new geological interpretations and a range of publications raising the profile of Earth sciences, both for professionals and for the popular market. Today, BGS's input through networks to geodiversity projects and to newly designated regions such as Geoparks marks a major transition towards a proactive geoconservation agenda in the twenty-first century.
The history of geoconservation in England: legislative and policy milestones
Authors: Prosser Colin D. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
England, and the UK more widely, have robust and mature statutory and voluntary frameworks for delivering geoconservation. Critical to achieving this advanced position was the inclusion of geoconservation within the first nature conservation legislation enacted in Britain in 1949. The development of this legislation benefited greatly from the wisdom of a number of committees set up to inform government thinking. Many of these committees were advised by the scientific community, including geologists and geomorphologists. The work and influence of these committees in establishing geoconservation as part of statutory nature conservation is explored, and the main statutory and policy milestones which have guided and shaped geoconservation in England since 1949 are described. The rise of the voluntary geoconservation movement in the late 1980s is also explored.
Tumor Suppression by p53 in the Absence of Atm
Authors: Bailey S. Lawrence , Gurley Kay E. , Hoon-Kim Kyung , Kelly-Spratt Karen S. , Kemp Christopher J. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Oncogenes can induce p53 through a signaling pathway involving p19/Arf. It was recently proposed that oncogenes can also induce DNA damage, and this can induce p53 through the Atm DNA damage pathway. To assess the relative roles of Atm, Arf, and p53 in the suppression of Ras-driven tumors, we examined susceptibility to skin carcinogenesis in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)–treated Atm- and p53-deficient mice and compared these results to previous studies on Arf-deficient mice. Mice with epidermal-specific deletion of p53 showed increased papilloma number and progression to malignant invasive carcinomas compared with wild-type littermates. In contrast, Atm-deficient mice showed no increase in papilloma number, growth, or malignant progression. γ-H2AX and p53 levels were increased in both Atm+/+ and Atm−/− papillomas, whereas Arf−/− papillomas showed much lower p53 expression. Thus, although there is evidence of DNA damage, signaling through Arf seems to regulate p53 in these Ras-driven tumors. In spontaneous and radiation-induced lymphoma models, tumor latency was accelerated in Atm−/−p53−/− compound mutant mice compared with the single mutant Atm−/− or p53−/− mice, indicating cooperation between loss of Atm and loss of p53. Although p53-mediated apoptosis was impaired in irradiated Atm−/− lymphocytes, p53 loss was still selected for during lymphomagenesis in Atm−/− mice. In conclusion, in these models of oncogene- or DNA damage–induced tumors, p53 retains tumor suppressor activity in the absence of Atm. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(7):1185–92)
The Nuclear Factor-κB and p53 Pathways Function Independently in Primary Cells and Transformed Fibroblasts Responding to Genotoxic Damage
Authors: Nesic Dobrila , Grumont Raelene , Gerondakis Steve 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWith nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p53 functions generally having disparate outcomes for cell survival and cell division, understanding how these pathways are coordinated following a common activation signal such as DNA damage has important implications for cancer therapy. Conflicting reports concerning NF-κB and p53 interplay in different cell line models prompted a reexamination of this issue using mouse primary thymocytes and embryonic fibroblasts, plus fibroblasts transformed by E1A12S. Here, we report that following the treatment of these cells with a range of stress stimuli, p53 and NF-κB were found to regulate cell cycling and survival independently. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(7):1193–203)
Les Villes De Juda Au Temps D'Ozias
Authors: Feuillet R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDans cette étude nous nous proposons, à la lumière des compte-rendus plus récents, d'établir le bilan des fouilles dans les villes de Juda, pour le milieu du 8e siècle c'est-à-dire le règne d'Ozias. Certes, en Archéologie, il est difficile de fixer des dates rigoureuses et nous ne pouvons isoler, dans les niveaux du Fer II, ce qui concerne la période autour de 750; un tel découpage risquerait d'être fort arbitraire. Mais, pour chaque ville, il est possible de grouper les éléments qui permettront une vue d'ensemble sur son activité, ses richesses, son développement pour le temps que nous étudions. Une telle enquête nous invitera à comparer et à faire le point, à donner quelques conclusions générales. • Il est évident que, pour la clarté de cette étude, il nous faudra rappeler brièvement l'histoire antérieure de chaque site, tant sur le plan biblique que sur le plan archéologique.
The Song of Songs
Authors: Segal M.H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe theme of this fascinating monument of ancient Hebrew poetry is the celebration of the love between a damsel and her swain. It is undoubtedly a lawful love to be sanctioned by marriage. The damsel speaks of their bed and their home (i 16-17), and of the mandrakes which married women used to help them in getting children (vii 14; cf. Gen. xxx 14-15), but the consummation of their love is still in the future (vii 13). The damsel is still in the home of her mother (iii 4, viii 2). They are indeed already in a somewhat intimate personal relationship, as is apparent from their detailed description of the beauty of each other's body (iv 1-5, vii 2-6, v 10-16), but the damsel is still in her virginity, "a garden inclosed, a fountain sealed" as described by the swain (iv 12). The damsel repeatedly warns against stirring up the love to too high a degree (ii 7, iii 5, viii 4). They are evidently a betrothed couple very near their marriage. But in one poem, not at the end of the Song, there is a description of the consummation of their love under the figure of a garden with its delicious fruits and a reference to the banquetting of the marriage feast. It is in that poem alone that the swain calls the damsel 'bride', 'my sister the bride' (iv 8-v 1).
Despoiling the Egyptians
Authors: Coats George W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractGeorg FOHRER and Martin NOTH label the motif describing spoil taken from the Egyptians a subsidiary theme in the Exodus traditions 1). In the following paper we propose 1) to challenge their relegation of the motif to a subordinate position, and 2) to offer a definition of the motif's function in Israel's memory of the Exodus event.
Peshitta Institute Communications Viii
Authors: Running Leona G. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThere is a group of seventeenth-century Syriac mss of Susanna that presents a complex picture of mixture and confusion. 1) In collating the Susanna mss. I did not happen to meet first the source of the confusion; hence in the ms. of this group which I first met, 17a10, it seemed that the scribe had been interrupted as he reached the end of the second question-and-answer set, and when he returned to his copying he somehow got hold of a different Vorlage and continued from the end of v. 54 instead of the end of v. 58, thus repeating the second set and making three sets of Daniel's question and an elder's reply, instead of the two sets actually involved in the story.
Élie a L'Horeb
Authors: Carlson R.A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractLa tradition concernant le prophète Élie de Tisbé est un des sommets littéraires de l'oeuvre deutéronomiste 1). Nous voudrions dans cet article souligner certains aspects caractéristiques de la composition et du style de la tradition intégrale dans la forme qu'elle revêt actuellement. Si ces points étaient passés sous silence on serait amené à porter un jugement inexact sur le contenu et l'intention de la transmission de cette tradition depuis son origine jusqu'à la rédaction finale. Ce risque est particulièrement sensible quand on analyse l'histoire d'Élie à l'Horeb en 1 Reg. xix. La partie centrale de ce récit qui rapporte une théophanie est presque toujours mal interprétée parce qu'on néglige l'importance du jeu subtile qu'y entretient la structure littéraire avec le propos idéologique. Le but de cet article est par conséquent de faire à nouveau l'analyse de 1 Reg. xix en partant du caractère de la légende d'Élie en général. Il est donc opportun de partir des idées de WELLHAUSEN sur ce chapitre et de développer également les vues plus récentes à ce sujet.
Carrie Judd Montgomery: Pioneering Contributor to Three Religious Movements
Authors: Albrecht Daniel E. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWhen on February 26, 1879 a young woman was miraculously raised from her deathbed at the prophetic word of an obscure healer some three hundred miles away, 1 it was heralded as one of the most amazing miracles of modern times.2 Little did Carrie Faith Judd know, that as she took her first steps in more than two years, she would soon be propelled into a life of ministry that would destine her to become "one of the best known women in America. "3 No one could have predicted that a frail, sickly, timid teenager, who so narrowly escaped death, would become known around the world for her innovative leadership within three Evangelical movements. In the "Age of Enterprise," Carrie Judd Montgomery (1858-1946) symbolized the American religious leader as an entrepreneur. Her innovative ministries were born out of a deep love for God that expressed itself by seeking out and serving human need in a variety of creative forms. Montgomery was a unique mixture of gentle refinement and trailblazing pragmatism, quiet dignity and efficient promotion, tender compassion and tough-minded executive abilities. Historical amnesia, has frequently cloaked the contributions of women to the thought and life of religious movements. Regardless of that fact, Montgomery was, in her time, one of the most celebrated proponents of the divine healing message. As a gifted writer, public speaker, and religious entrepreneur, she led the way for numerous other evangelical ministries. This creative Episcopalian woman exercised a profound influence within three evangelical movements: the faith healing movement, the Christian and Missionary Alliance (C&MA), and the fledgling Pentecostal movement. Although little is remembered or known about Montgomery in religious circles today, as an evangelical pacesetter and a Pentecostal forerunner, her life and work deserve renewed reflection and serious study.
The Proceedings of the Leaders' Meetings (1908-1911) and of the International Pentecostal Council (1912-1914)1
Authors: van der Laan Cornelis 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn 1912 some prominent leaders of the Pentecostal movement in Europe decided to form an International Consultative Council that would meet once or twice a year. At least four such meetings were held before the First World War prematurely ended the venture. In this article the cause, proceedings and significance of the council will be considered. Extensive attention is given to the preceding Leaders' Meetings that were held during the international conferences as from 1908 and eventually would lead to the formation of the Consultative Council.
Cecil H. Polhill-Pentecostal Layman
Authors: Hocken Peter 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOld Etonian missionary on the borders of Tibet and an English country squire at noisy multi-racial meetings in the back streets of Los Angeles: such contrasts suggest an interesting life, the life of Cecil Henry Polhill. However, this study is undertaken not for curiosity's sake, but because Polhill was a significant figure in the origins of the Pentecostal movement. Like his friend, the Revd. Alexander Boddy, vicar of All Saints, Monkwearmouth, Sunderland in north-east England, Cecil Polhill was a Pentecostal pioneer who remained until his death a faithful member of the established Church of England. Unlike Boddy, Polhill has not until now attracted any researcher. 1
Links and Parallels between Black and White Charismatic Churches in South Africa and the States: Potential for Cultural Transformation
Authors: Poewe Karla 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn the study of early and late twentieth century South African independent churches, a rigid differentiation is usually made between African and European charismatic movements and independent churches. This paper rejects such a simplistic view and argues, instead, that there are important historical links between recent White and older Black charismatic movements and independent churches. More importantly, the parallels between them have to do with processes of formation which are based on the use of common core symbols of transition from the Old Testament and on similar spiritual experiences which are seen to confirm Biblical texts and to be confirmed by them. Charismatic movements have arisen among Blacks and Whites, rich and poor and have tended to achieve personal and group transformations through prophecy, vision, music, and worship.
Diversity: Religions and the Study of Religion
Authors: Van Den Heever Gerhard 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this essay an overview of the theoretical issues pertaining to the collection of essays assembled is given. Addressing the issue of dizversity in religions and in the study of religion the argument is made that religions as lived phenomena constitute discursive formations in which diversity as a problem is an index of encounter. However it is especially the way this strategy of reducing the many to the one in the history of theorising religion that comes in view. In this context, the political nature of religion as discourse and the discourse of the study of religion is discussed with particular reference to the history of Christianisation of South Africa, religion in education, and the history of theorising religion.
Religious Diversity and the Forma1'Ion of Closed Cultural Systems, or When Does Religion Turn Bad?
Authors: Loubser J.A. BOBBY 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis programmatic article investigates a single aspect of culture that regulates religious expression and the construction of identity. A brief overviem of four types of religio found in South Africa serves to illustrate the significant role of the media of communication in religious expression. Indigenous traditional religions operate within a pure oral culture, the Ibandla Amanazeretha of Isaiah Shembe operates within a 're-discovered' oral culture and Islam has its roots in an oral-manuscript culture, while conventional Protestantism has the heritage of a religion that operates within the culture of the printed media. The article finally considers the question of how a better understanding of religious culture can help to prevent religion from developing into a hegerreonic ideology. The article contributes to interdisciplinary debate.
The Many Voices of Islam
Authors: Dangor Suleman 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis article traces the political, conflict in early Islam that led to the formation of the first theological sects, emergence of philosophical schools resulting from the translation of Greek writings, and development of the mystical tradition in response to the formalism of dogmatic theology. It analyse.s the social and political factors that contributed to the rich diversity of thought that permeated Islamic culture and society. Finally, it attempts to identify the major current debates among Muslim scholars ranging from the ultra-traditional to the ultra-secular.