bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombosis and hemorrhage in the acute period following Gamma Knife surgery for arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Celix Juanita M. , Douglas James G. , Haynor David , Goodkin Robert 
Published: February 2009

Bleeding of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a known risk during the latency interval, but hemorrhage in the 30-day period following radiosurgery rarely has been reported in the literature. The authors present the case of a 57-year-old man who underwent Gamma Knife surgery for a large AVM, and they provide radiographic documentation of a thrombus in the primary draining vein immediately preceding an AVM hemorrhage within 9 days after radiosurgery. They postulate that the pathophysiology of an AVM hemorrhage in the acute period following SRS is related to an association among tissue irradiation, acute inflammatory response, and vessel thrombosis.
The authors also review the literature on risk factors for hemorrhage due to untreated and radiosurgically treated AVMs. Recent evidence on the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of AVMs and the pathophysiology of AVM rupture is presented. Inflammatory markers have been demonstrated in brain AVM tissue, and the association between inflammation and AVM hemorrhage has been established. There is an acute inflammatory response following tissue irradiation, resulting in structural and functional vascular changes that can lead to vessel thrombosis. Early hemorrhage following radiosurgical treatment of AVMs may be related to the acute inflammatory response and associated vascular changes that occur in irradiated tissue. In the first stage of a planned 2-stage Gamma Knife treatment for a large AVM in the featured case, the superior posteromedial portion of the primary draining vein was included in the treatment field. The authors present the planning images and subsequent CT scans demonstrating a new venous thrombus in the primary draining vein. An acute inflammatory response following radiosurgery with resultant acute venous thrombus formation and venous obstruction is proposed as one mechanism of an AVM hemorrhage in this patient. Radiographic evidence of the time course of thrombosis and hemorrhage supports the hypothesis that acute venous obstruction is a cause of intracranial hemorrhage.
Microsurgery of epileptic foci in the insular region
Authors: Malak Ramez , Bouthillier Alain , Carmant Lionel , Cossette Patrick , Giard Normand , Saint-Hilaire Jean-Marc , Nguyen Dong Bach , Nguyen Dang Khoa 
Published: February 2009

Object
The insular region has long been neglected in the investigation and treatment of refractory epilepsy. Surgery in the insular region is rarely performed because of the risk of injury to the opercula, the arteries transiting on the surface of the insula, and the deep structures such as the basal ganglia and the internal capsule. This study was undertaken to report the results of insular surgery using modern microsurgical techniques in patients with epilepsy.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective study of cases involving patients who underwent surgery for insular lesions associated with epilepsy over the last 10 years. In the majority of patients, intracranial electrodes were implanted with neuronavigation guidance to confirm the localization of the epileptic foci.

Results
Nine patients underwent insular surgery: 7 for refractory epilepsy with no tumor and 2 for tumors associated with seizures. Four of the resections were performed in the left hemisphere. After an average follow-up of 54 months (range 14–122 months), Engel Class IA outcome had been achieved in 6 of 7 cases in the Epilepsy Surgery Group. The remaining patient had an Engel Class III outcome after partial insular resection but later became seizurefree (Engel Class IA) following insular Gamma Knife surgery.
Postoperatively, the majority of patients suffered from minor reversible hemipareses that disappeared completely within a few months. There was no surgical mortality.

Conclusions
Insular surgery is both safe and beneficial when it is well planned and performed with modern microsurgical techniques and good anatomical knowledge. Insulectomy is associated with little permanent morbidity and a high rate of seizure control. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first series of insulectomies predominantly performed for refractory epilepsy since those performed by Penfield.
High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation as a Rescue Therapy for Adult Trauma Patients
Authors: Briggs Steven , Goettler Claudia E. , Schenarts Paul J. , Newell Mark A. , Sagraves Scott G. , Bard Michael R. , Toschlog Eric A. , Rotondo Michael F. 
Published: February 2009

Background High-frequency oscillatory ventilation is an alternative ventilation mode that improves oxygenation in trauma patients in whom conventional ventilation strategies have been unsuccessful.
Objective To evaluate the effect of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation on oxygenation, survival, and parameters predictive of survival in trauma patients.
Methods A retrospective case series of 24 adult patients admitted to the trauma intensive care unit at a level I trauma center between November 2001 and July 2005 and treated with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Survivors and nonsurvivors were compared for mechanism and severity of injury, oxygenation parameters related to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, and hospital course.
Results Of the 8577 patients admitted during the study period, acute respiratory distress syndrome developed in 103 (1%). Of those 103 patients, 24 (23%) were treated with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Most of the patients treated with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation had sustained blunt trauma (79%). Oxygenation parameters improved significantly with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in all patients, regardless of survival. Of the 24 patients treated with this ventilation mode, 15 (62%) survived. Survival did not correlate with improved oxygenation parameters but with the number of failed organ systems and injury severity.
Conclusion Although high-frequency oscillatory ventilation improves oxygenation, severity of traumatic injury and organ failure, not respiratory parameters, are predictors of survival. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation should be considered for pulmonary rescue of severely injured patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Maternal mortality
Authors: Jashnani KD , Rupani AB , Wani RJ 
Published: February 2009

Background:
The process of audit standardizes protocols in departments and has long-term benefits. Maternal autopsies though routinely performed, deserve a special attention.

Aims:
This study was carried out to calculate the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in a tertiary care hospital and to correlate final cause of death with the clinical diagnosis. An audit of maternal autopsies was carried out to evaluate current practices, identify fallacies and suggest corrective measures to rectify them.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty-nine autopsies of maternal deaths in the period 2003 to 2007 were studied in detail along with the clinical details.

Results:
There were 158 maternal deaths and 13940 live births in this five-year period. Maternal mortality rate was found to be very high (1133/ 100000 live births) in our institution with a high number of complicated referral cases (68/89 cases, 76%). Of the 89 autopsies, acute fulminant viral hepatitis was the commonest cause of indirect maternal deaths (37 cases, 41.5%). This was followed by direct causes like pregnancy-induced hypertension (12 cases, 13.4%) and puerperal sepsis (10 cases, 11.2%). Certain fallacies were noted during the audit process.

Conclusion:
During the audit it was realized that in maternal mortality autopsies, special emphasis should be given to clinicopathologic correlation, microbiological studies, identification of thromboembolic phenomenon and adequate sectioning of relevant organs. We found difficulty in identification of placental bed in the uterus in postpartum autopsies. A systematic approach can help us for better understanding of the pathophysiology of diseases occurring in pregnancy.
Maxillonasal dysplasia (Binder's syndrome) and its treatment with costal cartilage graft: A follow-up study
Authors: Bhatt Yogesh C. , Vyas Kinnari A. , Tandale Mangesh S. , Panse Nikhil S. , Bakshi Harpreet S. , Srivastava Rajat K. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMaxillonasal dysplasia or Binder's syndrome is an uncommon congenital condition characterized by a retruded mid-face with an extremely flat nose. We report here six patients with maxillonasal dysplasia whose noses were corrected with onlay costal cartilage grafts using a combined oral vestibular and external rhinoplasty approach for nasal dorsal augmentation, columellar lengthening, and premaxillary augmentation. The cartilage graft was dipped in a solution of 100 ml 0.9% NaCl and one vial (80mg) gentamicin for 30 min to prevent warping. L struts made for nasal augmentation, columellar lengthening, and premaxillary augmentation were fixed to one another by slots made in the graft. This technique has been used in children, adults, and for secondary cases with promising results. All patients were of class I dental occlusion. The nasal and premaxillary augmentation which was monitored by serial photography was found to be stable over a follow-up period of three years.
Case report: Subutaneous hemangiomatosis causing Kasabach-Merritt syndrome - MRI features
Authors: Jain Tarun P , Sharma Raju , Gupta Rohini 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHemangiomatosis is an uncommon entity in which there is diffuse infiltration of soft tissue or bone by hemangioma. Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is an uncommon complication of large hemangiomas, in which there is thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy. Plain radiographs, in addition to showing a soft tissue mass, also show a variety of findings in the bones. MRI is the investigation of choice. A case of a 2-year-old child suffering from hemangiomatosis and a resultant Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is presented.
Case report: Antenatal MRI diagnosis of esophageal duplication cyst
Authors: Rajeswaran Rangasami , Chandrasekharan Anupama , Archana Lal , Santhosh Joseph 
Published: February 2009

AbstractEsophageal duplication cysts are classified as a subgroup of foregut duplication cysts. They are very rare and are predominantly detected in children. Antenatal detection is very rare. We report a case of an esophageal duplication cyst that was accurately identified antenatally by USG and MRI.
Fluorescent Gold Nanoprobe Sensitive to Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Lee Hyukjin , Lee Kyuri , Kim In‐Kyung , Park Tae Gwan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGold nanoprobes immobilized with fluorescein‐hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugates are fabricated and utilized for monitoring intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in live cells via nanoparticle surface energy transfer. A bio‐inspired adhesive molecule, dopamine, is used to robustly end‐immobilize HA onto the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for securing intracellular stability against glutathione. ROS induces cleavage and fragmentation of the HA chains immobilized on the surface of the AuNPs allows rapid and specific detection of intracellular ROS by emitting strong fluorescence‐recovery signals. In particular, fluorescence‐quenched gold nanoprobes exhibit selective and dose‐dependent fluorescence‐recovery signals upon exposure to certain oxygen species such as superoxide anion () and hydroxyl radical (·OH). The fluorescent gold nanoprobe is usefully exploited for real‐time intracellular ROS detection and antioxidant screening assay, and has exciting potential for various biomedical applications as a new class of ROS imaging probes.
Zeolitic Boron Imidazolate Frameworks
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wu Tao , Zhou Cong , Chen Shumei , Feng Pingyun , Bu Xianhui 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBaustein mit B: Kristalline Materialien, die analog zu porösem AlPO4 sind, aber auf Bor‐Imidazolat‐Netzwerken (BIFs) beruhen, können durch das Vernetzen von Bor‐Imidazolat‐Vorstufen mit einwertigen Kationen (wie Li+ und Cu+, siehe Bild) erhalten werden. Diese Synthesemethode führt zu vielfältigen offenen Netzwerken, deren Strukturen vom vierfach verknüpften zeolithischen Sodalith bis zum dreifach verknüpften chiralen (10,3)‐a‐Netz reichen.magnified image
Cover Picture: Inclusion Behavior of β‐Cyclodextrin with Bipyridine Molecules: Factors Governing Host‐Guest Inclusion Geometries (Chem. Asian J. 3/2009)
Authors: Zhao Yan‐Li , Benítez Diego , Yoon Il , Stoddart J. Fraser 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA sytematic investigation of the molecular inclusion behavior by β‐cyclodextrin (gold) towards constitutionally different yet structurally similar bipyridine guests, demonstrates that differences of the nitrogen atom positions and the bridge bond linking the two pyridine rings of the bipyridine guests can significantly affect the binding abilities, inclusion geometries, and self‐assembly behavior of β‐cyclodextrin in both the solution and solid states. J. F. Stoddart and co‐workers suggest that these new superstructural and quantitative observations, with judicious constitutional design, allow highly ordered supramolecular arrays to be achieved conveniently in a controllable way. For more information, see their Full Paper on page 446 ff.magnified image
Caspase‐8: a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic embryopathy
Authors: Zhao Zhiyong , Yang Peixin , Eckert Richard L. , Reece E. Albert 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMaternal diabetes causes neural tube defects in embryos, which are associated with increased apoptosis in the neuroepithelium. Many factors, including effector caspases, have been shown to be involved in the events. However, the key regulators have not been identified and the underlying mechanisms remain to be addressed. Caspase‐8, an initiator caspase, has been shown to be altered in diabetic embryopathy, suggesting a role as an upstream apoptotic regulator. Using mouse embryos as a model system, this study demonstrates that caspase‐8 is required for the production of hyperglycemia‐associated embryonic malformations. Caspase‐8 was shown to be expressed in the developing neural tube. Its activity, as evidenced by enhanced cleavage, was increased by hyperglycemia. These changes were associated with increased formation of the active cleavage of Bid. Inhibition of caspase‐8 activity in high glucose–challenged embryos reduced the rate of embryonic malformation and this was associated with decreased apoptosis in the neuroepithelium of the neural tube. Inhibition of caspase‐8 activity also reduced hyperglycemia‐induced Bid activation and caspase‐9 cleavage. These data suggest that caspase‐8 may control diabetic embryopathy‐associated apoptosis via regulation of the Bid‐stimulated mitochondrion/caspase‐9 pathway. Birth Defects Res (Part B)86:72‐77, 2009. ©2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exposure to a MRI‐type high‐strength static magnetic field stimulates megakaryocytic/erythroid hematopoiesis in CD34+ cells from human placental and umbilical cord blood
Authors: Monzen Satoru , Takahashi Kenji , Toki Tsutomu , Ito Etsuro , Sakurai Tomonori , Miyakoshi Junji , Kashiwakura Ikuo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe biological response after exposure to a high‐strength static magnetic field (SMF) has recently been widely discussed from the perspective of possible health benefits as well as potential adverse effects. To clarify this issue, CD34+ cells from human placental and umbilical cord blood were exposed under conditions of high‐strength SMF in vitro. The high‐strength SMF exposure system was comprised of a magnetic field generator with a helium‐free superconducting magnet with built‐in CO2 incubator. Freshly prepared CD34+ cells were exposed to a 5 tesla (T) SMF with the strongest magnetic field gradient (41.7 T/m) or a 10 T SMF without magnetic field gradient for 4 or 16 h. In the harvested cells after exposure to 10 T SMF for 16 h, a significant increase of hematopoietic progenitors in the total burst‐forming unit erythroid‐ and megakaryocytic progenitor cells‐derived colony formation was observed, thus producing 1.72‐ and 1.77‐fold higher than the control, respectively. Furthermore, early hematopoiesis‐related and cell cycle‐related genes were found to be significantly up‐regulated by exposure to SMF. These results suggest that the 10 T SMF exposure may change gene expressions and result in the specific enhancement of megakaryocytic/erythroid progenitor (MEP) differentiation from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and/or the proliferation of bipotent MEP. Bioelectromagnetics 30:280–285, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Membrane technology for purification of therapeutic proteins
Authors: Zydney Andrew L. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMembrane systems are used throughout the downstream purification in the commercial production of high value therapeutic proteins. Over the last two decades, new membranes, modules, and systems have been developed specifically to meet the requirements of the biotechnology industry. These developments have been facilitated by an improved fundamental understanding of: (1) the effects of electrostatic interactions and concentration polarization on protein transmission during ultrafiltration and (2) the role of membrane morphology on protein fouling during both sterile and virus filtration. This perspective highlights some of the key work in this area and provides insights into possible future improvements in membrane technology for the purification of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 227–230. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Screening for Cytochrome P450 Reactivity by Harnessing Catalase as Reporter Enzyme
Authors: Rabe Kersten S. , Spengler Mark , Erkelenz Michael , Müller Joachim , Gandubert Valerie J. , Hayen Heiko , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe big screen: We have devised a high‐throughput screening method for organic peroxide‐dependent P450 reactivity by taking advantage of a previously undescribed activity of catalase, which was used as reporter enzyme. This two‐step assay, followed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses, allowed the facile identification of several new substrates for bacterial P450 enzymes.magnified imageCytochrome P450 enzymes are known to catalyze a variety of reactions that are difficult to perform by standard organic synthesis, such as the oxidation of unactivated CC bonds. Cytochrome P450 enzymes can also be used in artificial systems in which organic peroxides act as cosubstrates. To find substrates that are converted by a certain P450 catalyst in the presence of an organic peroxide, various screening assays have been established, however, most of them are limited to one or only a few specific substrates. Here, we report a simple and rapid screening assay that works independently of the nature of the substrate and utilizes a previously undescribed reactivity of catalase as reporter enzyme. In an initial demonstration of this assay, we screened 180 enzyme/peroxide/substrate combinations for potential bioconversions. As shown by subsequent verification of the screening results with liquid chromatography/multistage mass spectrometry (LC/MSn), we were able to identify three new substrates for the enzyme CYP152A1 and at least two previously undescribed conversions by the enzyme CYP119.
Efficient and Chemoselective Surface Immobilization of Proteins by Using Aniline‐Catalyzed Oxime Chemistry
Authors: Lempens Edith H. M. , Helms Brett A. , Merkx Maarten , Meijer E. W. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSite‐specific immobilization of peptides and proteins is crucial to ensure their functionality in surface‐based assays. We report the use of aniline‐catalyzed oxime ligations as a very efficient and broadly applicable method to covalently attach the N terminus of proteins and peptides to a surface functionalized with alkoxy‐amine groups.magnified image
Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Amphidinolide V and Analogues
Authors: Fürstner Alois , Flügge Susanne , Larionov Oleg , Takahashi Yohei , Kubota Takaaki , Kobayashi Jun'ichi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe awesome power of metathesis is illustrated by a concise synthesis of the extremely scarce marine natural product amphidinolide V, which hinges on a sequence of ring‐closing alkyne metathesis followed by intermolecular enyne metathesis with ethylene (see scheme). As a complete set of conceivable stereoisomers was prepared, the constitution and absolute configuration of this macrolide could be established and first insights into structure–activity relationships governing its cytotoxicity were obtained.magnified imageA sequence of ring‐closing alkyne metathesis followed by an intermolecular enyne metathesis of the resulting cycloalkyne with ethene was used to forge the macrocyclic skeleton and to set the vicinal exo‐methylene branches characteristic for the cytotoxic marine natural product amphidinolide V (1). Comparison of the synthetic material with an authentic sample of this extremely scarce metabolite isolated from a dinoflagellate of the Amphidinium sp. eliminated any doubts about its structure and allowed the absolute configuration of amphidinolide V to be determined as 8R,9S,10S,13R. Moreover, the flexibility inherent to the underlying synthesis blueprint also opened access to a comprehensive set of diastereomers of 1 as well as to synthetic analogues differing from the natural lead in the lipophilic chains appended to the macrocyclic core. This set of designed analogues gave first insights into structure–activity relationships, which revealed that the stereostructure of the macrolactone is a highly critical parameter, whereas the examined alterations of the side chain did not diminish the cytotoxicity of the compounds to any notable extent.
Substituent Effect on the Electronic Properties and Morphologies of Self‐Assembling Bisphenazine Derivatives
Authors: McGrath Kelly K. , Jang Kyoungmi , Robins Kathleen A. , Lee Dong‐Chan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTuning electronic properties and morphologies: We report a unique design platform of n‐type organic semiconductors based on asymmetrically substituted bisphenazines that enable tuning of both electronic properties and morphologies of 1D nanostructures (see figure) by using small substituents with various sizes and electronic demands.magnified imageThis paper reports the synthesis and characterization of novel self‐assembling n‐type organic semiconductors based on asymmetrically substituted bisphenazines with various functional groups of different size, electron‐withdrawing ability, and conjugation length. The overarching objective of this research is to tune electronic properties and morphologies of self‐assembled structures of this system simultaneously, which offers a potentially useful platform for future optoelectronic applications. The thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties associated with different substituents were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), UV‐visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Electronic properties were calculated using density functional theory, and results were compared to experimental HOMO, LUMO, and energy gaps. The one‐dimensional (1D) self‐assembly properties of these new n‐type molecules are discussed in terms of the type of peripheral substituents, alkyl side group length, and assembly conditions. This study includes extensive investigations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD).