bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power-law frequency-dependent Q simulations in viscoacoustic media using decoupled fractional Laplacians
Authors: Zhang Yabing , Zhu Hejun , Liu Yang , Chen Tongjun 
Published: March 2024

Quantifying the seismic attenuation of wave propagation in the earth’s interior is essential for studying subsurface structures. Previous approaches for attenuation simulations (e.g., the standard linear solid and the fractional derivative model) are mainly based on the frequency-independent quality factor Q assumption. However, seismic attenuation in high-temperature and high-pressure regions usually exhibits power-law frequency-dependent Q characteristics. To simulate this Q effect in attenuative media, we derive a new viscoacoustic wave equation with decoupled fractional Laplacians in the time domain. Unlike the existing methods using relaxation functions to fit the power-law relationship in a specific frequency band, our equation is directly derived from the approximated complex modulus, which explicitly involves the reference quality factor and fractional exponent parameters. Furthermore, this equation contains two fractional Laplacians, which can easily simulate decoupled amplitude dissipation and phase distortion effects, making it amenable to Q-compensated reverse time migration. In the implementation, a Taylor-series expansion and a pseudospectral method are introduced to solve the fractional Laplacians with variable fractional exponents. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for power-law frequency-dependent Q simulations. As a forward-modeling engine, our derived viscoacoustic wave equation is a good supplement to the current Q simulation methods and it could be applied in many seismic applications, such as Q-compensated reverse time migration and full-waveform inversion.
Bilateral Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling Without Lateralization Is Less Accurate for the Diagnosis of Cushing Disease
Authors: Chen Shi , Lyu Xiaohong , Hong Weixin , Zhang Dingyue , Zhang Yuelun , Yang Daiyu , Xu Yijing , Shen Zhen , Pan Hui , Zhu Huijuan , Zhang Xiaobo , Lu Lin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context
During bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS), the side-to-side adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ratio, referred to as sampling lateralization, was used to predict pituitary adenoma localization.

Objective
To investigate the potential different diagnostic accuracy of BIPSS for differentiating Cushing disease (CD) and ectopic ACTH secretory syndrome (EAS) patients with low lateralization (inferior petrosal sinus [IPS]:IPS ≤ 1.4) and high lateralization (IPS:IPS &gt; 1.4).

Methods
This single-center retrospective study (2011-2021) included (all patients had BIPSS results and confirmed pathologic diagnoses) 220 consecutive CD patients (validation set), 30 EAS patients, and 40 of the CD patients who had digital subtraction angiography (DSA) videos (discovery set).

Results
In the discovery set, the low-lateralization CD group (n = 11) had a higher median plasma ACTH concentration (62.2, IQR 44.7-181.0 ng/L) than the high-lateralization CD group (n = 29) (33.0, IQR 18.5-59.5, P = .013). Lower IPS to peripheral ratios were observed in the low-lateralization group during BIPSS, both before and after stimulation (P = .013 and P = .028). The sensitivity of BIPSS before stimulation in differentiating CD from EAS was lower in the low-lateralization group than the high-lateralization group (54.6% vs 93.1%, P = .003), as validated in the validation set. DSA videos revealed higher vascular area difference visible in the 2 sides of the pituitary in low lateralization (median 1.2 × 105 pixels, IQR 0.5-1.8) than the high-lateralization group (0.4 × 105 pixels, IQR 0.1-0.7, P = .008). The vascular area ratio of the 2 sides was also significantly higher in low (1.55, IQR 1.31-2.20) than high lateralization (1.19, IQR 1.07-1.35, P = .010).

Conclusion
Our study suggested that low lateralization in CD patients may reduce the diagnostic sensitivity of BIPSS, which might be potentially associated with peripituitary vascular anatomy.
Predictors of cognitive impairment and its association with mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A prospective follow-up study
Authors: Anees Muhammad , Pervaiz Shahabaz , Aziz Samreen , Elahi Irfan 
Published: March 2024

Objective: To determine predictors of cognitive impairment (CI) and its association with mortality in maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients.
Methods: This prospective follow up study was conducted at HD Department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from September, 2021 to November, 2022. All patients undergoing MHD for more than three months and having age between 18-65 years were included while those with dialysis duration less than three months, history of neuropsychiatric illness was excluded. Cognitive function was assessed using British Columbia Cognitive Complaints Inventory (BC-CCI) questionnaire. CI was defined on Likert scale as mild, moderate, and severe. Patients were followed up to one year regarding outcome measures.
Results: One hundred and four patients were included in the study. Mean age was 45.86±11.11 years and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) was the most common cause of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in 39(37.5%) patients. CI was found in 86(82.7%) patients in following order of severity: mild 61(58.7%), moderate 19(18.3%) and severe 6(5.9%). Increasing age (≥50 years), gender (female), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), unemployment and education <10th grade were found as significant predictors of CI (p<0.05). Significant positive correlations of CI score with age (r=0.338, p<0.001) and MHD duration (r=0.211, p=0.032) were found. However, the CI was not significantly associated with mortality (p=0.302).
Conclusion: CI was common in MHD patients. Factors affecting CI were increasing age, female gender, DM, unemployment and low education level. CI was not associated with mortality in MHD patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.7836
How to cite this: Anees M, Pervaiz MS, Aziz S, Elahi I. Predictors of cognitive impairment and its association with mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A prospective follow-up study. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.7836
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Clinical value of combined detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen and CA125 in the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer combined with Malignant Pleural Effusion
Authors: Yan Wanyu , Li Yakun , Peng Zhanxian 
Published: March 2024

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of combined detection of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) and CA125 in the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) combined with malignant pleural effusion.
Methods: This was retrospective research. Fifty-six NSCLC patients combined with malignant pleural effusion in Baoding No.1 Hospital, China, from January 2020 to January 2022 were recruited as the malignant group, and another 56 NSCLC patients combined with pleural effusion in the same period were recruited as the benign group. Pleural effusion and serum specimens were collected from both groups and their carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125) and SP70 antigen levels were measured respectively. The differences in index levels between the two groups were compared, and the value of the index in diagnosing NSCLC combined with malignant pleural effusion was analyzed.
Results: The positive rates of CEA, CA125 and SP70 antigen in pleural effusion were higher in the malignant group than in the benign group (p>0.05); The positive rates of CEA and CA125 in the malignant group were higher than those in the benign group (p>0.05), with no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the positive rates of SP70 antigen (p>0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed the value of serum CEA and CA12 in the diagnosis of NSCLC combined with malignant pleural effusion, while serum SP70 antigen had no diagnostic value (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The combined detection of CEA, CA125 and SP70 antigen boasts a higher diagnostic value for NSCLC-mediated pleural effusion, with higher diagnostic value than the combined detection of serum indexes.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.7956
How to cite this: Yan W, Li Y, Peng Z. Clinical value of combined detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen and CA125 in the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer combined with Malignant Pleural Effusion. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.7956
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Insights into optimal surgical fixation for posterior malleolar fractures
Authors: Su Yu-Cheng , Wang Ying-Yu , Fang Ching-Ju , Tu Yu-Kang , Chang Chih-Wei , Kuan Fa-Chuan , Hsu Kai-Lan , Shih Chien-An 
Published: March 2024

AimsThe optimal management of posterior malleolar ankle fractures, a prevalent type of ankle trauma, is essential for improved prognosis. However, there remains a debate over the most effective surgical approach, particularly between screw and plate fixation methods. This study aims to investigate the differences in outcomes associated with these fixation techniques.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive review of clinical trials comparing anteroposterior (A-P) screws, posteroanterior (P-A) screws, and plate fixation. Two investigators validated the data sourced from multiple databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science). Following PRISMA guidelines, we carried out a network meta-analysis (NMA) using visual analogue scale and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included range of motion limitations, radiological outcomes, and complication rates.ResultsThe NMA encompassed 13 studies, consisting of four randomized trials and eight retrospective ones. According to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve-based ranking, the A-P screw was ranked highest for improvements in AOFAS and exhibited lowest in infection and peroneal nerve injury incidence. The P-A screws, on the other hand, excelled in terms of VAS score improvements. Conversely, posterior buttress plate fixation showed the least incidence of osteoarthritis grade progression, postoperative articular step-off ≥ 2 mm, nonunions, and loss of ankle dorsiflexion ≥ 5°, though it underperformed in most other clinical outcomes.ConclusionThe NMA suggests that open plating is more likely to provide better radiological outcomes, while screw fixation may have a greater potential for superior functional and pain results. Nevertheless, clinicians should still consider the fragment size and fracture pattern, weighing the advantages of rigid biomechanical fixation against the possibility of soft-tissue damage, to optimize treatment results.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(3):227–235.
Sero-prevalence and risk factors associated with occurrence of anti-Brucella antibodies among slaughterhouse workers in Uganda
Authors: Bugeza James Katamba , Roesel Kristina , Mugizi Denis Rwabiita , Alinaitwe Lordrick , Kivali Velma , Kankya Clovice , Moriyon Ignacio , Cook Elizabeth Anne Jessie 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Brucellosis is a febrile zoonosis occurring among high-risk groups such as livestock keepers and abattoir workers and is a public health priority in Uganda. The technical complexities of bacteriological and molecular methods make serological approaches the cornerstone of diagnosis of human brucellosis in resource limited settings. Therefore, proper application and interpretation of serological tests is central to achieve a correct diagnosis.

Materials and methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the seroprevalence and factors associated with anti-Brucella antibodies among slaughterhouse workers processing ruminants and pigs in three regions of the country with serial testing using a combination of the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and the BrucellaCapt test. An authorized clinician collected 543 blood samples from consenting abattoir workers as well as attribute medical and social demographic data. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine factors associated with anti-Brucella sero-positivity.

Results and discussion
The sero-prevalence among ruminant slaughterhouse workers ranged from 7.3% (95% CI: 4.8–10.7) using BrucellaCapt to 9.0% (95% CI: 6.3–12.7) using RBT. Slaughterhouse workers from the Eastern regions (AOR = 9.84, 95%CI 2.27–69.2, p = 0.006) and those who graze animals for alternative income (AOR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.91–6.63, p = 0.040) were at a higher risk of exposure to Brucella. Similarly, those who wore Personal Protective Equipment (AOR = 4.83, 95%CI:1.63–18.0, p = 0.009) and those who slaughter cattle (AOR = 2.12, 95%CI: 1.25–6.0, p = 0.006) were at a higher risk of exposure to Brucella. Those who slaughter small ruminants (AOR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.32–4.01, p = 0.048) were also at a higher risk of exposure to Brucella.

Conclusions and recommendations
Our study demonstrates the combined practical application of the RBT and BrucellaCapt in the diagnosis of human brucellosis in endemic settings. Both pharmaceutical (e.g., routine testing and timely therapeutic intervention), and non-pharmaceutical (e.g., higher index of suspicion of brucellosis when investigating fevers of unknown origin and observation of strict abattoir hygiene) countermeasures should be considered for control of the disease in high-risk groups.
Older adults using social support to improve self-care (OASIS): Adaptation, implementation and feasibility of peer support for older adults with T2D in appalachia: A feasibility study protocol
Authors: Smalls Brittany L. , Kruse-Diehr Aaron , Ortz Courtney L. , Douthitt Key , McLouth Christopher , Shelton Rachel , Taylor Zoe , Williams Edith 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is 17% higher in rural dwellers compared to their urban counterparts, and it increases with age, with an estimated 25% of older adults (≥ 65 years) diagnosed. Appropriate self-care is necessary for optimal clinical outcomes. Overall, T2D self-care is consistently poor among the general population but is even worse in rural-dwellers and older adults. In rural Kentucky, up to 23% of adults in Appalachian communities have been diagnosed with T2D and, of those, 26.8% are older adults. To attain optimal clinical outcomes, social environmental factors, including social support, are vital when promoting T2D self-care. Specifically, peer support has shown to be efficacious in improving T2D self-care behaviors and clinical and psychosocial outcomes related to T2D; however, literature also suggests self-selected social support can be obstructive when engaging in healthful activities. Currently available evidence-based interventions (EBIs) using peer support have not been used to prioritize older adults, especially those living in rural communities.

Method
To address this gap, we conducted formative research with stakeholders, and collaboratively identified an acceptable and feasible peer support EBI—peer health coaching (PHC)—that has resulted in improved clinical and psychosocial T2D-related outcomes among participants who did not reside in rural communities nor were ≥65 years. The goal of the proposed study is to use a 2x2 factorial design to test the adapted PHC components and determine their preliminary effectiveness to promote self-care behaviors and improve glycemic control among older adults living in Appalachian Kentucky. Testing the PHC components of the peer support intervention will be instrumental in promoting care for older adults in Appalachia, as it will allow for a larger scale intervention, which if effective, could be disseminated to community partners in Appalachia.

Trial registration
This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06003634) in August 2023.
THz graphene-integrated metasurface for electrically reconfigurable polarization conversion
Authors: Song Li-Zhao , Squires Andrew , van der Laan Timothy , Du Jia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Terahertz (THz) waves have been widely hailed as a key enabling technology for future sixth generation (6G) wireless networks. Dynamic modulation of their polarization states is of great attraction for high-capacity communications and anisotropic sensing. The development of such technology is, however, still in very early stage owing to the difficulties of realizing electrical reconfigurability for THz devices. Artificially constructed metasurfaces and new nanomaterials, such as graphene, have been shown to provide revolutionary platforms for manipulating and controlling the wave properties, especially at THz frequencies. This work leverages the light–matter interaction in a graphene-integrated metasurface functioning as an electrically reconfigurable THz polarization converter. A novel graphene-gold bilayer topology is applied to construct such a metasurface which enables wide-range electrical tunability of the polarization conversion. Under a y-polarized illumination, the reflected components of x- and y-polarizations are tuned dynamically through an external bias voltage across the metasurface, thereby producing an elliptically polarized wave with tuneable ellipticity and angle. By changing the voltage from 0 V to 12 V, the reflected polarization ellipticity has been tuned from −0.94 to −0.5 at around 240 GHz, featuring linear-to-circular and linear-to-elliptical polarization conversions. Meanwhile, the polarization angle has been modulated from 12° to −23° at around 236 GHz. This work provides an experimentally validated THz graphene-integrated metasurface with wide polarization modulation depths, low biasing voltages and simple configuration. It promises great potential for applications in future THz communications and sensing.
Traveling wave solutions, numerical solutions, and stability analysis of the (2+1) conformal time-fractional generalized q-deformed sinh-Gordon equation
Authors: Ali Khalid K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The two-dimensional conformal time-fractional generalized

q

q

-deformed sinh-Gordon equation has been used to model a variety of physical systems, including soliton propagation in asymmetric media, nonlinear waves in optical fibers, quantum field theory, and condensed matter physics. The equation is able to capture the complex dynamics of these systems and has been shown to be a powerful tool for studying them. This article discusses the two-dimensional conformal time-fractional generalized

q

q

-deformed sinh-Gordon equation both analytically and numerically using Kudryashov’s approach and the finite difference method. In addition, the stability analysis and local truncation error of the equation are discussed. A number of illustrations are also included to show the various solitons propagation patterns. The proposed equation has opened up new possibilities for modeling asymmetric physical systems.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Scrapbook untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS
Authors: Nisa Ernawati Khoirun 
Published: March 2024

Abstrak
Perlu dilakukan pengembangan media pembelajaran IPS untuk memudahkan siswa memahami materi dalam pembelajaran IPS. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengembangkan desain media, menguji kelayakan, dan mengetahui keefektifan dari media pembelajaran scrapbook IPS. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Research and Development (R&D).Model pengembangan yang diterapkan yaitu model ADDIE (Sugiyono, 2015). Subjek penelitian ini dibagi menjadi subyek uji coba skala kecil yakni siswa kela IV A SD Negeri Kuniran 03 berjumlah 6 siswa dan uji coba skala besar yakni berjumlah 23 siswa. Penelitian ini dolakukan pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2021/2022.
It is necessary to develop social studies learning media to make it easier for students to understand the material in social studies learning. The aim of this research is to develop a media design, test the feasibility, and determine the effectiveness of social studies scrapbook learning media. This study uses a quantitative approach. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D). The development model applied is the ADDIE model (Sugiyono, 2015). The subjects of this research were divided into small-scale trial subjects, namely class IV A students at SD Negeri Kuniran 03, totaling 6 students and large-scale trials, namely 23 students. © 2021 Universitas Negeri Semarang.
Stability of fecal microbiota during degradation in ex situ cheetahs in the USA
Authors: Maly Morgan A , Crosier Adrienne E , Keady Mia M , Roberts Reade B , Breen Matthew , Muletz-Wolz Carly R 
Published: March 2024

Objective
Gut health and its relationship to gut microbiota is an important consideration in the care and well-being of managed endangered species, such as the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). Non-invasive fecal sampling as a proxy for gut microbiota is preferred and collecting fresh fecal samples is the current gold standard. Unfortunately, even in managed facilities, collecting fresh samples from difficult to observe or dangerous animals is challenging. Therefore, we conducted a study to determine the terminal collection timepoint for fecal microbial studies in the cheetah.

Methods
We longitudinally sampled eight freshly deposited fecals every 24 h for 5 days and assessed bacterial relative abundance, diversity, and composition changes over time.

Results
Our data indicated that fecal samples up to 24 h post defecation provided accurate representations of the fresh fecal microbiome. After 24 h, major changes in community composition began to occur. By 72 h, individual cheetah fecal microbiota signatures were lost.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that cheetah fecal samples should be collected within 24 h of defecation in humid environments, especially if precipitation occurs, in order to provide a more biologically accurate representation of the gut microbiome, and we provide visual characteristics that can aid researchers in approximating time since defecation.

Significance statement
Data from this study provides guidelines for researchers investigating cheetah and other large felids and carnivores where the ability to collect fresh fecal deposits is limited.