bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A catheter technique for biopsy of dogs with chronic nasal disease
Authors: LOVE S. , BARR A. , LUCKET V. M. , LANE J. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA method of catheter biopsy of intranasal tissue is described. This technique was evaluated in 23 dogs referred with a history of chronic nasal disease. The technique was successful in providing diagnostically useful tissue in 15 of the cases and was shown to be a safe, inexpensive and useful diagnostic aid.
Severe cardiopulmonary responses following metrizamide injection into the central canal of the spinal cord of two dogs
Authors: CLUTTON R. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe severe cardiopulmonary and electrocardiographic changes occurring after inadvertent metrizamide (Amipaque) administration into the central canal of the spinal cord are described in two dogs. These changes were characterized by respiratory arrest and severe tachyarrhythmias. The successful resuscitative measures are described and the possible mechanisms of the responses are discussed.
Nonspherocytic haemolytic anaemia due to phosphofructokinase deficiency in an English Springer Spaniel
Authors: ROUDEBUSH PHILIP , EASLEY J. ROGER , HARVEY JOHN W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA five‐year‐old female English Springer Spaniel was evaluated for chronic episodic anaemia, pigmenturia and icterus. There was increased erythrocyte pyruvate kinase activity, increased in vitro erythrocyte alkaline fragility, decreased erythrocyte 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate activity and severely decreased erythrocyte phosphofructokinase activity. The clinical features and haematological values were identical with erythrocyte phosphofructokinase deficiency and resulting nonspherocytic haemolytic anaemia recently described in this breed.
Sensory neuropathy in a Border Collie puppy
Authors: WHEELER SIMON J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical, electrophysiological and pathological features of a purely sensory polyneuropathy in a Bordie Collie puppy are described. It was found to be ataxic, with a loss of proprioception and of pain sensation. Electrophysiological testing confirmed that the neuropathy was restricted to sensory function. Examination of nerve biopsy material revealed an axonopathy.
Prediction of mature values of conformation characteristics for young German shepherd dogs
Authors: VERRYN S. D. , GEERTHSEN J. M. P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA series of 19 different conformation characteristics, including the body length, front and hind heights, and bodyweight, was measured on German shepherd dogs ranging from 180 days old to fully mature dogs. Regressions were derived for the prediction of mature values. Variable growth rates did not have a significant effect on the accuracy of the predicted mature values.
Is it hereditary?: 1. The cause of disease
Authors: THRUSFIELD M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThere is an increasing awareness of the role of heredity in the pathogenesis of many diseases, and the veterinarian can expect to be asked to comment on a possible genetic contribution to the cause of disease. This article is the first of three that describe the modes of inheritance of hereditary diseases in the context of current concepts of causality, and outline techniques for identifying hereditary components of the cause of disease, so that the practitioner can give a reasoned answer to the question: Ts it hereditary?' The first article introduces the subject and considers causality.
The isolation of Pasteurella‐like organisms from the tonsillar region of dogs and cats
Authors: BALDRIAS LOINDA , FROST A. J. , O'BOYLE DENISE 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT Pasteurella sp. were isolated from tonsillar swabs obtained from 100 dogs and 100 cats; isolation rates were 92 per cent and 99 per cent respectively. Isolates were identified according to recent taxonomic data. P. multocida subsp. multocida and subsp. septica were common in cats but not in dogs. P. canis was common in both dogs and cats. Compared with strains from dogs, those from cats were more pathogenic for mice. Many of the species isolated are considered potential human pathogens.
Use of a one‐piece drainage system in the treatment of a closed angle glaucoma in a dog
Authors: BEDFORD P. G. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTUnilateral closed angle glaucoma was controlled for a 12 month plus period in a dog using a one‐piece (Joseph) drainage implant. The implant consists of a valved anterior chamber tube which is attached to a large surface area strap placed under conjunctiva, Tenon's capsule and rectus muscles. The tube bypasses the closed iridocorneal angle, and the intraocular pressure has been maintained within the normal range by aqueous absorption from a large subconjunctival scar sac which has developed around the strap. Additional hypotensive therapy has not proved necessary, and untoward sequelae associated with the presence of the implant within the ocular tissues have not occurred.
Propofol anaesthesia in cats
Authors: BREARLEY J. C. , KELLAGHER R. E. B. , HALL L. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPropofol was administered to 49 cats to induce anaesthesia. The mean dose required was 6.8 mg/kg and this was not affected by prior administration of acepromazine maleate. In 27 cases, propofol was also used as the principal maintenance agent (mean dose rate 0.51 mg/kg/minute). Inductions were very smooth and problem free. Intubation was easily achieved in 15 cats with the aid of local desensitisation by lignocaine spray or neuromuscular relaxation by suxamethonium. Heart rate did not vary significantly during induction or maintenance of anaesthesia but respiratory rates did fall significantly. Recovery from anaesthesia was remarkably smooth in all cases and there was no significant difference in recovery times between the cats in which halothane was the principal maintenance agent and cats which received propofol alone. Side effects were seen during recovery in eight cats and included retching, sneezing and pawing of the face.
Evaluation of the efficacy of oxfendazole against larval and adult Toxascaris leonina in the dog
Authors: JACOBS D. E. , PILKINGTON J. G. , REID J. F. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe efficacy of oxfendazole, given at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg for three consecutive days, against adult and larval Toxascaris leonina was determined in four litters of naturally infected adolescent greyhounds. When administered to five dogs 10 weeks after exposure to infectiori, oxfendazole gave an efficacy value of 100 per cent as determined by comparison of the numbers of adult worms expelled and the numbers remaining at subsequent post mortem examination. When medication was given only five weeks after exposure to infection, the number of immature T. leonina in 10 treated pups was found to be reduced by 92‐1 per cent as compared with 10 matched, untreated controls. Incidental infections of Toxocara canis and Uncinaria stenocephala were adequately controlled but the treatment was less effective against Trichuris vulpis and Strongyloides species.
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca: Sex incidence
Authors: BARNETT K. C. 
Published: April 2008

This paper was presented at the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists and The International Society of Veterinary Ophthalmologists in New Orleans, Louisiana, November, 1986.ABSTRACTThe higher incidence of Sjogren's syndrome in the female sex is well recognised and, more recently, attention has been drawn to the greater number of cases of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in the dog occurring in the female than in the male, particularly in the West Highland white terrier. Similarly, in the mouse laboratory model for Sjogren's syndrome more severe lesions were found in the female. In a recent toxicity study 5‐aminosalicylic acid caused keratoconjunctivitis sicca in the dog and in this trial the females had lower average Schirmer tear test readings in all the dose groups, progression was more pronounced in the female and there was a higher incidence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in the female than in the male.
The normal response to repetitive motor nerve stimulation in dogs
Authors: Malik R. , Ho S. , Church D. B. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe responses of certain muscles to stimulation at different frequencies has been studied in normal dogs. Repetitive stimulation at 10 and 20 Hz resulted in a smooth, progressive decremental response when the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) was recorded from the plantar, and to a lesser extent the palmar, interosseous muscles. In contrast, there was a slight incremental response when the CMAP was recorded from the cranial tibial muscle. Studies using a competitive neuromuscular blocking agent have suggested that the plantar interosseous muscles have a greater proportion of low efficacy synapses in comparison with the other muscles studied. The cranial tibial muscle may therefore be more suitable for assessing neuromuscular transmission than the distal limb muscles.
Diagnosis of spinal disease in dogs
Authors: Wheeler S. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTDiagnosing spinal conditions in dogs requires an ability to conduct and interpret a neurological examination and a knowledge of ancillary diagnostic tests. This paper discusses the approach to the dog in which spinal disease is suspected, the performance of the neurological examination, and the diagnostic aids available. The differential diagnosis of various presenting syndromes is also considered.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of dapsone in the beagle dog
Authors: Hekman P. , van Rens P. , Rietvel E. C. , Coert A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe plasma concentration of dapsone (4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl‐sulphone) was measured after intravenous and oral administration (±5 mg/kg) to female beagle dogs.Analysis of the plasma concentrations showed a bioavailability of the tablet of 99 per cent. The biological half‐life in plasma was estimated to be 13±4 hours after intravenous and 11±5 hours after oral application.In order to test the pharmacokinetic models for their validity a chronic experiment was performed with one dog. The plasma curve, predicted from the oral single‐dose data, closely matched the measured experimental data points, which indicates that the applied models are likely to be correct.
Malignant melanoma of the larynx in a dog
Authors: Ndikuwera J. , Smith D. A. , Obwolo M. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTLaryngeal dysfunction due to neoplastic disease is rare. Consequently, little is known about the behaviour or treatment of these tumours (Crow 1980). Clinical signs common to most laryngeal tumours include hoarseness and sometimes complete loss of voice (Wheeldon and others 1982). The signs develop over many months and later include stertorous breathing and dyspnoea (Harvey 1981). This case report was a malignant melanoma of the larynx and perilaryngeal tissues.
Inherited bleeding disorders of dogs and cats
Authors: Littlewood J. D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe congenital bleeding disorders of domestic animals usually mimic closely the same disorders in man and are inherited in a similar fashion. Classical haemophilia (haemophilia A, factor VIII deficiency) and haemophilia B (factor IX deficiency) occur in both dogs and cats and are sex‐linked conditions. Affected animals are almost always male and heterozygote females are asymptomatic carriers. Offspring of a carrier female have a 50 per cent chance of inheriting the defective X‐chromosome and, on average, half of the sons will be affected and half of the daughters will be carriers. Diagnosis of affected animals is confirmed by specific factor assay. Carriers may be identified with a statistical certainty of greater than 80 per cent. Canine von Willebrand's disease is a less severe disorder due to a defect of platelet adhesion. It is an autosomal trait, inherited in most breeds in an incompletely dominant fashion.
Control of inherited retinal degeneration in dogs and cats in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bedford P.G. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe term progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is synonymous with inherited blindness in both dogs and cats as the result of retinal degeneration. In fact several types of degeneration occur within this complex, but the ophthalmoscopic features are well recognised and practical disease control is possible through routine examination. However, effective measures demand the whole‐hearted support of the breeds involved, and only extensively applied examination schemes in which there is a central pooling and use of results are likely to produce the degree of disease control necessary, Test‐mating and electrorelinograph (ERG) examination also have a part to play in the identification of normal genotypes, but the application of routine ophthalmoscopic examination, perhaps associates with Kennel Club registration, currently offers the most effective way forward.
Diet‐related zinc‐responsive skin disease in dogs: a dying dermatosis?
Authors: Thoday K. L. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIn the United Kingdom, most cases of zinc‐responsive skin disease in dogs result from feeding soya and, or, cereal‐based diets, possibly, in some animals, in association with an apparent inherent defect of zinc absorption. Most such diets are not deficient in zinc but contain excessive quantities of other substances which reduce its availability for absorption. Important clinical signs include a dull, harsh coat with or without achromotrichia, erythema, seborrhoea sicca, bilaterally symmetrical, circular to linear, white/yellow crusts affecting the head, limbs, scrotum and perineum, ceruminous otitis and peripheral lymphomegaly. The diagnosis is suggested by the history, physical signs, laboratory tests and the examination of skin biopsies and is confirmed by an unequivocal response to oral zinc supplementation (10 mg/kg zinc sulphate once daily with food) while keeping the original diet unchanged. Non‐specific laboratory tests (serum alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and thyroxine concentrations before and after thyroid stimulating hormone administration) reported by others as being abnormal in some cases of zinc‐responsive dermatosis have been unhelpful but a plasma zinc concentration below the mean of the reference range supports the diagnosis. The classical histological change of zinc‐responsive dermatoses, parakeratosis, has been seen in only 64 per cent of cases biopsied. Long term management necessitates a change in diet to canned meat and biscuit. Long term therapy is not required. Many manufacturers of diets predisposing to the condition are now adding additional zinc to their diets resulting in a dramatic reduction in the numbers of new cases of the condition being seen.
Parasitic skin diseases in cats
Authors: Grant D. I. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTParasites are important causes of skin disease in cats. In this article 10 species of parasites (Table 1) will be discussed. In the United Kingdom, the flea is the most important single cause of skin disease in cats. The most common flea found is Ctenocephalides felis, with hedgehog, dog and rodent fleas being found occasionally.
Analgesic effects of acupuncture in thoracolumbar disc disease in dogs
Authors: Still J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe analgesic effects of acupuncture were studied in 38 dogs affected by acute thoracolumbar disc disease, type I to IV. Steel acupuncture needles were inserted into selected acupuncture points. Stimulation time was 20 minutes. Electrical stimulation of needles, ear‐acupuncture, vitamins B and C and antibiotics were occasionally used in some dogs of types I and II and in the majority of types III and IV. Pain relief was observed in 62.5 per cent of dogs of type I (back‐pain), in 70.5 per cent of dogs of type II (hindlimb paresis, backpain) and in 39 per cent of dogs of types III and IV (hindlimb paralysis, backpain) after the first acupuncture treatment. Dogs of type I and II responded significantly better (P<0.01) than dogs of type III and IV at the fourth treatment (100 per cent and 61.5 per cent, respectively).
Surgical repair of a comminuted femoral gunshot fracture in a dog
Authors: Fox S.M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA three‐year‐old beagle was presented with a hindlimb lameness following a gunshot wound. Radiographs revealed a grade II open, femoral fracture with severe comminution. Repair was made with an intercalary composite graft stabilised by a double hook plate.
Single condylar fractures of the distal femur in the dog
Authors: Carmichael S. , Wheeler S. J. , Vaughan L. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTNine dogs with single condylar fractures of the distal femur are described. In eight of the nine animals the medial condyle had fractured. Trauma is important in the production of this fracture as seven of the nine affected animals had a clinical history of having been suspended by the affected leg and struggling to free it. Clinically, pain and collapse of the medial compartment of the joint were the most obvious features. Confirmation of diagnosis was obtained by radiography. In the case of fracture of the medial condyle a lateral view showing caudal displacement of the condyle was most useful. Once identified the condyle was replaced surgically using combinations of pins and screws. Secure fixation allowed healing of the fracture and a successful outcome.
Insertion of a transtympanic ventilation tube for the treatment of otitis media with effusion
Authors: Cox C. L. , Slack R. W. T. , Cox G. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a case of otitis media with effusion (‘glue ear’) is described in a Cavalier King Charles spaniel. Its presentation, diagnosis and surgical management by the insertion of a trans‐tympanic ventilation tube (grommet) is discussed.
Surgical treatment of lumbosacral discospondylitis by a distraction‐fusion technique
Authors: McKee W. M. , Mitten R. W. , Labuc R. H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTLumbosacral discospondylitis was diagnosed in three adult dogs by radiography and the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from the affected intervertebral space. The predominant clinical findings of severe spinal pain and marked hindlimb lameness suggested entrapment of the seventh lumbar spinal nerve roots. In addition, the presence of hindlimb ataxia, proprioceptive deficits, perineal analgesia and paresis of the tail were consistent with compression of the cauda equina. Despite medical therapy with analgesics, antibiotics and strict confinement the clinical and radiographic signs progressed. A lumbosacral distraction‐fusion procedure was employed to decompress the spinal nerve roots and cauda equina and to stabilise the affected vertebrae. In all cases there was an immediate marked reduction in spinal pain and a long term resolution of clinical signs. In two cases the affected vertebrae progressively fused within four months. The third case required removal of the implants due to pin migration and breakage.
Lateral thoracotomy and cellophane handing of a congenital portoazygous shunt in a dog
Authors: Harari J. , Lincoln J. , Alexander J. , Miller J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA portoazygous venous shunt was identified in the caudodorsal aspect of the thorax in a young basset hound. During thoracotomy, the anomalous vessel was encircled with sterile cellophane tape. The vein became occluded based on postoperative radiographic examination and improved clinical function five weeks after surgery.
Behavioural effects of ovariohysterectomy on bitches
Authors: O'Farrell V. , Peachey E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA questionnaire about their dogs' behaviour was administered to the owners of 150 spayed bitches at the time of spaying and again six months later. It was also administered twice with the same time interval to a control group of 150 unspayed bitches, group matched for breed and age. Principal component analysis of the questionnaire responses yielded 13 factors. On two of these factors, ‘indiscriminate appetite’ and ‘dominance aggression towards family members’, the scores of the spayed bitches showed a significant increase compared with their controls. The spayed bitches most likely to show an increase in dominance aggression were puppies under one year, already showing some aggression.
Fundic gastropexy for prevention of recurrence of gastric volvulus
Authors: Frendin J. , Funkquist B. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAfter non‐surgical primary treatment (aspiration) of gastric torsion 189 dogs underwent fundupexy to prevent recurrence. The fundic surface of the stomach was subjected to diathermy spot coagulation after which the fundus was fixed in its normal position against the diaphragm using non‐absorbable sutures in several rows. Of the 189 dogs operated on two died from intercurrent disease within eight days. Of the 187 dogs which were discharged from the clinic 144 (77 per cent) were available for follow‐up. The median follow‐up period was 31 months and 28 dogs had a follow‐up of between five and eight years. Two of the dogs were destroyed within a year postoperatively because of recurring tympanism and a third dog after one‐and‐a‐half years because of recurrent diarrhoea. The general condition was unaffected in the remaining 141 dogs.
Progressive nephropathy due to renal dysplasia in shih tzu dogs in Sweden: A clinical pathological and genetic study
Authors: Hoppe A. , Swenson L. , Jönsson L. , Hedhammar A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical and pathological findings in 45 shih tzu dogs with progressive nephropathy due to renal dysplasia are described. There was no sex dependence and the age at death/euthanasia varied from seven weeks to nine years, with a mean age of two years. The most common clinical signs were depression, polydipsia and vomiting. All dogs showed elevated blood urea levels and most passed dilute urine. Proteinuria and anaemia were the most common findings. At necropsy all dogs had small, lobulated, pale kidneys with capsular adhesion. Multiple cysts in the cortex and in the intermediary zone were found in most cases. The morphological changes were three different types based on microscopic examination:

Primary dysplastic lesions; where fetal glomeruli were the most consistent finding.
Compensatory changes; where hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the glomerular tufts and tubules were most frequently observed.
3 Inflammatory lesions and fibrosis were found in all cases.
A genetic study of 37 dogs suggests a simple recessive mode of inheritance. Based on this information a control scheme against renal dysplasia has been instigated.
Partial rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs
Authors: Strom H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTFour cases of partial rupture of the craniomedial part of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) are presented. Clinical examination revealed only subtle signs of CCL injury. The cranial drawer sign was present in two dogs and in flexion only. As the cranial drawer sign is not always evident a tentative diagnosis of partial CCL rupture should be based on history, joint tenderness and joint effusion. Arthrotomy and careful probing of the ligament is indicated. In these cases the lesion was treated immediately after diagnosis to prevent further degeneration and possible total rupture of the ligament. A fascial graft using the ‘over the top’ reconstruction technique was performed leaving the intact portion of the ligament in situ. Follow‐up examination after four to six months revealed normal limb function in three dogs whereas slight and periodic lameness persisted in one dog.
The double cortical line: A sign of osteopenia
Authors: Lamb C. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe double cortical line is a radiographic sign of osteopenia which results from intracortical resorption of bone. This sign is frequently seen in humans with osteopenia but has received minimal attention in the veterinary literature. This report describes the double cortical line in cases of senile osteopenia, nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, suspected renal secondary hyperparathyroidism and in the acetabulum following triple pelvic osteotomy for hip dysplasia.