bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cardiac performance of the dog after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia
Authors: MacPhail Catriona M. , Monnet Eric , Pelsue Davyd H. , Gaynor James S. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjective:To determine changes in hemodynamic and cardiac energetic parameters in dogs after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia. These blood flow alterations are similar to changes seen in splanchnic blood flow in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus syndrome (GDV).Design:Original experimental study.Setting:Veterinary teaching hospital.Animals:Seven purpose‐bred, intact male dogs.Interventions:Standard midline laparotomy and median sternotomy were performed under general anesthesia. Dogs were instrumented to obtain arterial blood pressure, aortic flow, cardiac chamber pressures, central venous pressure, portal flow, and portal pressure. Colored microsphere technology was used for the determination of myocardial blood flow. Measurements and samples were obtained at baseline, following induction of portal hypertension, and after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia.Measurements and main results:Left ventricular myocardial blood flow was increased from 81.8±20.1 mL/100 g/min at baseline to 127.7±57.2 mL/100 g/min (P=0.02) after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia. Myocardial oxygen consumption increased from 142.2±27.4 J/min/100 g at baseline to 219.1±33.4 J/min/100 g (P=0.003) after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia, but cardiac external work remained unchanged (13.67±6.2 to 13.27±9.6 J/min;P=0.78; power=0.79). Cardiac efficiency decreased from 11.6±6.1% at baseline to 7.6±5.1% (P=0.017) after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia.Conclusions:Transfer of energy within the myocardium was less efficient after induction of portal hypertension and ischemia of the stomach wall. On the basis of these results, alterations in cardiac function associated with GDV may result from deterioration of cardiac efficiency.
Burn wound depth assessment – is laser Doppler imaging the best measurement tool available?
Authors: Mandal Anirban 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAccurate early assessment of burn wound depth is increasingly important in clinical decision‐making. Clinimetric principles are absolutely mandatory while developing a new test or tool for use in the clinical setting. This article critically evaluates the clinimetrics of a powerful tool for assessment of burn depth and whether Laser Doppler Imaging can meet those criteria by virtue of differentiation between superficial and deep burns.
Phytosociological study on steppe vegetation in the vicinity of Kharkiv, Ukraine
Authors: Cheng Yunxiang , Nakamura Toru 
Published: June 2006

AbstractTo classify the steppe vegetation of the natural grasslands in the Ukraine from a viewpoint of phytosociology, vegetation investigation was carried out in three relatively homogeneous sites in Kharkiv Province. Plant communities were classified by their characteristic species and differential species on the basis of the floristic composition into two communities, Stipa capillata–Festuca sulcata community and Poa angustifolia–F. sulcata community, and below four lower units. Using the data of three phases of soil in each of the three sites and the detrended correspondence analysis ordination technique, the score of axis 1 correlated most closely with geographical gradient which reflected the soil water condition. This result shows that the S. capillata–F. sulcata community is more tolerant to a dry habitat of the steppe vegetation of the Ukraine.
Effects of phenylalanine fermentation byproduct and sugarcane molasses on fermentation quality and rumen degradation of whole crop barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) silage in situ
Authors: Wuisman Yimiti , Hiraoka Hiroshi , Yahaya Mohammed Sani , Takeda Motoharu , Kim Wanjae , Takahashi Toru , Karita Shuich , Horiguchi Kenichi , Takahashi Toshiyosi , Goto Masakazu 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPhenylalanine fermentation byproduct (PFB) is generated by purifying phenylalanine products from microbial fermentation in the food industry. We examined the function of PFB as an ensiling agent to improve the silage fermentation and nutritive value of forage crops. We investigated the fermentation quality and rumen degradability of whole crop barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) silage in situ. We ensiled this type of silage in a laboratory scale using five compositional ratios (v/v) of PFB (20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80%) and a mixture of sugarcane molasses (SCM). Controls included the same volumes of water as the mixture of sugarcane molasses. The following strains Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis (IFO12007), Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides (IFO12060), Lactobaccillus plantarum (IF014713), Pedioccocus acidilactici (IFO3858), Clostridium butyricum (IFO3858) and silage yeast (strain MY; separated from whole crop rice silage in this laboratory) were cultivated at 30°C in the recommended media containing a substituted carbon source depending on the compositional ratios of PFB and SCM mixtures. The growth of these strains was determined by measuring the optical density at 600 nm (OD600). The growth of the lactic acid bacteria significantly (P < 0.001) increased in the presence of all PFB additives as compared with the control. The growth of C. butyricum was significantly increased, whereas that of silage yeast was decreased under all conditions. The concentrations of lactate and total organic acids were significantly higher (P < 0.001) whereas those of acetate were lower in all PFB silages. These results indicated that PFB improved the silage fermentation of forage crops. With leaf and stem fractions, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content was significantly (P < 0.001) decreased by the PFB additive and the rumen degradability of DM and NDF in situ was also significantly increased (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively).
Periodic solutions of dissipative systems revisited
Authors: Andres Jan , Górniewicz Lech 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe reprove in an extremely simple way the classical theorem that time periodic dissipative systems imply the existence of harmonic periodic solutions, in the case of uniqueness. We will also show that, in the lack of uniqueness, the existence of harmonics is implied by uniform dissipativity. The localization of starting points and multiplicity of periodic solutions will be established, under suitable additional assumptions, as well. The arguments are based on the application of various asymptotic fixed point theorems of the Lefschetz and Nielsen type.
Turnover and fate of fibrinogen and platelets at the rabbit aorta wall immediately after a balloon de-endothelializing injury in vivo
Authors: Ross Bonnie , Timleck Marnie , Southward Suzanne , Richardson Mary , Hatton Mark 
Published: June 2006

SummaryA de-endothelializing injury to the artery wall in vivo results in a rapid procoagulant response at the surface of the exposed subendothelium. Activated tissue factor (TF)-bearing cells and hemostasis factors located at the site of injury respond by producing thrombin, and within minutes the principal thrombus-forming, blood-borne components (platelets, fibrinogen) accumulate at the site.To compare their behaviors, the rates of uptake and turnover of rabbit 51Cr-platelets and rabbit 125I-fibrinogen were quantified simultaneously during the initial 100-min interval after a balloon catheter injury to the rabbit aorta in vivo.Platelets (∼70,000/mm2) and fibrin(ogen) (∼2.8 pmol/cm2) saturated the ballooned aorta surface within five minutes after injury.Whereas the adherent platelet and fibrinogen concentrations remained steady at the aorta surface, fibrin(ogen)-related products continued to accumulate slowly in the tunica media (TM) for at least 100 minutes. A relatively small proportion (3.7%/min) of adhered platelets turned over at the ballooned aorta surface at 10 minutes, decreasing to 1.2%/min at 100 minutes. By contrast, a larger proportion of fibrin(ogen) (∼ 20%/min) was turned over within the platelet layer at 10 minutes, decreasing to 6%/min at 100 minutes. As verified by immunostaining aorta sections and by protein analysis ofTM extracts,the uptakes of platelets and fibrinogen at the site of injury contributed to an accumulation of products of platelet releasate and fibrin(ogen) degradation (FDPs) within the TM.These observations improve our understanding of the hemostatic processes and subsequent events that occur after an arterial injury in vivo.
Hero or Villain? Bertolt Brecht and the Crisis Surrounding June 1953
Authors: Clark Mark W. 
Published: June 2006

This article examines Bertolt Brecht's career as a political intellectual in the early German Democratic Republic. It builds upon and goes beyond traditional interpretations that have tended to portray Brecht either as an intellectual traitor to the working classes he claimed to represent or as a hero who steadfastly championed the cause of a better socialism even against the political élites of the Socialist Unity Party. The author focuses on Brecht's responses to the cultural and political challenges within the political crucible of the early GDR including, especially, the crisis surrounding 17 June 1953. He sees Brecht as a specific type of German intellectual, one positioned between his exile experience in Scandinavia and the USA and his conviction that the future of Germany lay in a socialist society that could only be guaranteed by the Soviet Union after the collapse of the Third Reich. He argues that Brecht understood his creative and intellectual contribution as a commodity, in the revolutionizing sense of the term he had developed in ‘The Threepenny Lawsuit’. As he adjusted to the changing realities of life in the fledgling communist state, Brecht learned how to exercise his commodity value in order to achieve his most important, and interrelated, goals: the construction of a new socialist culture and a permanent residence for the Berliner Ensemble. Along the way, Brecht made compromises — especially in 1953 — but he nevertheless contributed significantly to the cultural reconstruction of the GDR. This article thus joins the growing historical literature on cultural reconstruction in Germany and Europe after 1945. The article also contributes to the broader discussion about the role that intellectuals have played and should play in any modern society. In particular, the author argues that the critique of intellectuals which Brecht developed during this time around the notion of ‘Tuismus’ engages a model of the public intellectual in which the self-image of the artist and thinker as a socially and politically engaged person corresponded to the expectations of the public. Partisan without being bound to a party, independent of official institutions yet experienced in surviving within institutions, prepared to entertain risks and undertake unconventional experiments: this was how Brecht accommodated a world which he envisioned as changeable. His antagonistic worldview fed on crisis and found its most productive, creative impulse in the escalation of contradictions. For this he found plenty of material in the early years of the GDR and introduced some innovative strategies to give it form.
Benzimidazole–Chalcone: A Selective Intramolecular Charge-transfer Probe for Biologically Important Zinc Ions
Authors: Mashraqui Sabir H , Sundaram Subramanian , Khan Tabrez 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Benzimidazole–chalcone 3 functions as an optical probe on the basis of intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) interaction involving bi-dentate chelation. Dramatic changes were observed both in the UV–vis and fluorescence behaviors of 3 in the presence of Zn2+, while other metal ions e.g. Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ produced relatively insignificant optical changes.
Carbon and Nitrogen-codoped TiO2 with High Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Cong Ye , Chen Feng , Zhang Jinlong , Anpo Masakazu 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Titanium dioxide codoped with carbon and nitrogen was synthesized by a microemulsion–hydrothermal process. There was a synergistic effect for the carbon and nitrogen-codoped TiO2, which offset the deficiencies of carbon or nitrogen single doped TiO2. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of C and N-codoped TiO2 was considerably improved because the band gap of TiO2 was greatly narrowed by C and N-codoping.
Relaxed Significance Criteria for Linkage Analysis
Authors: Chen Lin , Storey John D 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Linkage analysis involves performing significance tests at many loci located throughout the genome. Traditional criteria for declaring a linkage statistically significant have been formulated with the goal of controlling the rate at which any single false positive occurs, called the genomewise error rate (GWER). As complex traits have become the focus of linkage analysis, it is increasingly common to expect that a number of loci are truly linked to the trait. This is especially true in mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL), where sometimes dozens of QTL may exist. Therefore, alternatives to the strict goal of preventing any single false positive have recently been explored, such as the false discovery rate (FDR) criterion. Here, we characterize some of the challenges that arise when defining relaxed significance criteria that allow for at least one false positive linkage to occur. In particular, we show that the FDR suffers from several problems when applied to linkage analysis of a single trait. We therefore conclude that the general applicability of FDR for declaring significant linkages in the analysis of a single trait is dubious. Instead, we propose a significance criterion that is more relaxed than the traditional GWER, but does not appear to suffer from the problems of the FDR. A generalized version of the GWER is proposed, called GWERk, that allows one to provide a more liberal balance between true positives and false positives at no additional cost in computation or assumptions.
Accurate Haplotype Inference for Multiple Linked Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Using Sibship Data
Authors: Liu Peng-Yuan , Lu Yan , Deng Hong-Wen 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSibships are commonly used in genetic dissection of complex diseases, particularly for late-onset diseases. Haplotype-based association studies have been advocated as powerful tools for fine mapping and positional cloning of complex disease genes. Existing methods for haplotype inference using data from relatives were originally developed for pedigree data. In this study, we proposed a new statistical method for haplotype inference for multiple tightly linked single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which is tailored for extensively accumulated sibship data. This new method was implemented via an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm without the usual assumption of linkage equilibrium among markers. Our EM algorithm does not incur extra computational burden for haplotype inference using sibship data when compared with using unrelated parental data. Furthermore, its computational efficiency is not affected by increasing sibship size. We examined the robustness and statistical performance of our new method in simulated data created from an empirical haplotype data set of human growth hormone gene 1. The utility of our method was illustrated with an application to the analyses of haplotypes of three candidate genes for osteoporosis.
Microsatellite Length Differences Between Humans and Chimpanzees at Autosomal Loci Are Not Found at Equivalent Haploid Y Chromosomal Loci
Authors: Kayser Manfred , Vowles Edward J , Kappei Dennis , Amos William 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
When homologous microsatellites are compared between species, significant differences in mean length are often noted. A dominant cause of these length differences is ascertainment bias due to selection for maximum repeat number and repeat purity when the markers are being developed. However, even after ascertainment bias has been allowed for through reciprocal comparisons, significant length differences remain, suggesting that the average microsatellite mutation rate differs between species. Two classes of mechanism have been proposed: rapid evolution of enzymes involved in the generation and repair of slippage products (enzyme evolution model) and heterozygote instability, whereby interchromosomal events at heterozygous sites offer extra opportunities for mutations to occur (heterozygote instability model). To examine which of these hypotheses is most likely, we compared ascertainment bias and species length differences between humans and chimpanzees in autosomal and Y chromosomal microsatellites. We find that levels of ascertainment bias are indistinguishable, but that interspecies length differences are significantly greater for autosomal loci compared with haploid Y chromosomal loci. Such a pattern is consistent with predictions from the heterozygote instability model and is not expected under models of microsatellite evolution that do not include interchromosomal events such as the enzyme evolution model.
A Novel Method for Estimating Linkage Maps
Authors: Tan Yuan-De , Fu Yun-Xin 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The goal of linkage mapping is to find the true order of loci from a chromosome. Since the number of possible orders is large even for a modest number of loci, the problem of finding the optimal solution is known as a NP-hard problem or traveling salesman problem (TSP). Although a number of algorithms are available, many either are low in the accuracy of recovering the true order of loci or require tremendous amounts of computational resources, thus making them difficult to use for reconstructing a large-scale map. We developed in this article a novel method called unidirectional growth (UG) to help solve this problem. The UG algorithm sequentially constructs the linkage map on the basis of novel results about additive distance. It not only is fast but also has a very high accuracy in recovering the true order of loci according to our simulation studies. Since the UG method requires n − 1 cycles to estimate the ordering of n loci, it is particularly useful for estimating linkage maps consisting of hundreds or even thousands of linked codominant loci on a chromosome.
TheSaccharomyces cerevisiae rev6-1Mutation, Which Inhibits Both the Lesion Bypass and the Recombination Mode of DNA Damage Tolerance, Is an Allele ofPOL30, Encoding Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen
Authors: Zhang Hengshan , Gibbs Peter E M , Lawrence Christopher W 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe rev6-1 allele was isolated in a screen for mutants deficient for UV-induced reversion of the frameshift mutation his4-38. Preliminary testing showed that the rev6-1 mutant was substantially deficient for UV-induced reversion of arg4-17 and ilv1-92 and markedly UV sensitive. Unlike other REV genes, which encode DNA polymerases and an associated subunit, REV6 has been found to be identical to POL30, which encodes proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the subunit of the homotrimeric sliding clamp, in which the rev6-1 mutation produces a G178S substitution. This substitution appears to abolish all DNA damage-tolerance activities normally carried out by the RAD6/RAD18 pathway, including translesion replication by DNA polymerase ζ/Rev1 and DNA polymerase η, and the error-free, recombination-dependent component of this pathway, but has little effect on the growth rate, suggesting that G178S may prevent ubiquitination of lysine 164 in PCNA. We also find that rev6-1 mutation can be fully complemented by a centromere-containing, low copy-number plasmid carrying POL30, despite the presumed occurrence in the mutant of sliding clamp assemblies that contain between one and three G178S PCNA monomers as well as the fully wild-type species.
Heritable Endosymbionts of Drosophila
Authors: Mateos Mariana , Castrezana Sergio J , Nankivell Becky J , Estes Anne M , Markow Therese A , Moran Nancy A 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAlthough heritable microorganisms are increasingly recognized as widespread in insects, no systematic screens for such symbionts have been conducted in Drosophila species (the primary insect genetic models for studies of evolution, development, and innate immunity). Previous efforts screened relatively few Drosophila lineages, mainly for Wolbachia. We conducted an extensive survey of potentially heritable endosymbionts from any bacterial lineage via PCR screens of mature ovaries in 181 recently collected fly strains representing 35 species from 11 species groups. Due to our fly sampling methods, however, we are likely to have missed fly strains infected with sex ratio-distorting endosymbionts. Only Wolbachia and Spiroplasma, both widespread in insects, were confirmed as symbionts. These findings indicate that in contrast to some other insect groups, other heritable symbionts are uncommon in Drosophila species, possibly reflecting a robust innate immune response that eliminates many bacteria. A more extensive survey targeted these two symbiont types through diagnostic PCR in 1225 strains representing 225 species from 32 species groups. Of these, 19 species were infected by Wolbachia while only 3 species had Spiroplasma. Several new strains of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma were discovered, including ones divergent from any reported to date. The phylogenetic distribution of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma in Drosophila is discussed.
Genetic Mapping in a Natural Population of Collared Flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis): Conserved Synteny but Gene Order Rearrangements on the Avian Z Chromosome
Authors: Backström Niclas , Brandström Mikael , Gustafsson Lars , Qvarnström Anna , Cheng Hans , Ellegren Hans 
Published: June 2006

AbstractData from completely sequenced genomes are likely to open the way for novel studies of the genetics of nonmodel organisms, in particular when it comes to the identification and analysis of genes responsible for traits that are under selection in natural populations. Here we use the draft sequence of the chicken genome as a starting point for linkage mapping in a wild bird species, the collared flycatcher—one of the most well-studied avian species in ecological and evolutionary research. A pedigree of 365 flycatchers was established and genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms in 23 genes selected from (and spread over most of) the chicken Z chromosome. All genes were also found to be located on the Z chromosome in the collared flycatcher, confirming conserved synteny at the level of gene content across distantly related avian lineages. This high degree of conservation mimics the situation seen for the mammalian X chromosome and may thus be a general feature in sex chromosome evolution, irrespective of whether there is male or female heterogamety. Alternatively, such unprecedented chromosomal conservation may be characteristic of most chromosomes in avian genome evolution. However, several internal rearrangements were observed, meaning that the transfer of map information from chicken to nonmodel bird species cannot always assume conserved gene orders. Interestingly, the rate of recombination on the Z chromosome of collared flycatchers was only ∼50% that of chicken, challenging the widely held view that birds generally have high recombination rates.