bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effect of aerial parts of Scrophularia striata on matrix metalloproteinases expression
Authors: Hajiaghaee Reza , Monsef‐Esfahani Hamid R. , Khorramizadeh Mohammad R. , Saadat Farshid , Shahverdi Ahmad R. , Attar Farideh 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt has been shown that destruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) leads to tumor invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. The aim of the present research was to verify the effects of a total extract and sequential extracts of Scrophularia striata Boiss (Scrophulariaceae) on MMPs activity. The fibro sarcoma cell line (wehi‐164) was used to assess MMPs inhibitory effect. The MMPs activity was evaluated using a zymoanalysis method. The results of this study showed that the highest MMPs inhibitory effect (55.6%) was observed after treatment with 10 µg/mL of the high polarity methanol solution extract corresponding to its lowest cytotoxicity effect (4%). It is concluded that the aerial parts of S. striata might contain various polar compounds that inhibit MMPs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
COX‐1 and ‐2 activity of rose hip
Authors: Jäger A. K. , Eldeen I.M.S. , van Staden J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate whether the clinically observed efficacy of rose hip in the treatment of osteoarthritis is due to inhibition of cyclooxygenase‐1 and ‐2.Water, methanol, dichloromethane and hexane extracts of rose hip were tested for in vitro COX‐1 and 2 activity.The organic solvent extracts showed good inhibition of both COX‐1 and 2. The methanol extract was most active in both assays with IC50 values of 12 µg/mL for COX‐1 and 19 µg/mL for COX‐2.The clinically observed effect might be due to inhibition of cyclooxygenase. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How good is an ensemble at capturing truth? Using bounding boxes for forecast evaluation
Authors: Judd Kevin , Smith Leonard A. , Weisheimer Antje 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEnsemble prediction systems aim to account for uncertainties of initial conditions and model error. Ensemble forecasting is sometimes viewed as a method of obtaining (objective) probabilistic forecasts. How is one to judge the quality of an ensemble at forecasting a system? The probability that the bounding box of an ensemble captures some target (such as ‘truth’ in a perfect model scenario) provides new statistics for quantifying the quality of an ensemble prediction system: information that can provide insight all the way from ensemble system design to user decision support. These simple measures clarify basic questions, such as the minimum size of an ensemble. To illustrate their utility, bounding boxes are used in the imperfect model context to quantify the differences between ensemble forecasting with a stochastic model ensemble prediction system and a deterministic model prediction system. Examining forecasts via their bounding box statistics provides an illustration of how adding stochastic terms to an imperfect model may improve forecasts even when the underlying system is deterministic. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Linear time‐varying model predictive control and its application to active steering systems: Stability analysis and experimental validation
Authors: Falcone P. , Borrelli F. , Tseng H. E. , Asgari J. , Hrovat D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA model predictive control (MPC) approach for controlling an active front steering (AFS) system in an autonomous vehicle is presented. At each time step a trajectory is assumed to be known over a finite horizon, and an MPC controller computes the front steering angle in order to best follow the desired trajectory on slippery roads at the highest possible entry speed. We start from the results presented in (Int. J. Veh. Auton. Syst. 2005; 3(2–4):265–291; IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol. 2007; 15(3)) and formulate the MPC problem based on successive online linearization of the nonlinear vehicle model (linear time‐varying (LTV) MPC). We present a sufficient stability condition for such LTV MPC scheme. The condition is derived for a general class of nonlinear discrete time systems and results into an additional convex constraint to be included in the LTV MPC design.For the AFS control problem, we compare the proposed LTV MPC scheme with the LTV MPC scheme in (IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol. 2007; 15(3)) where stability has been enforced with an ad hoc constraint. Simulation and experimental tests up to 17 m/s on icy roads show the effectiveness of the LTV MPC formulation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hong Kong 1997–a look back at Hong Kong's future
Authors: Frankenstein John 
Published: July 2007

AbstractJuly 1st, 1997–the date on which Hong Kong reverted to Chinese sovereignty, an event with a world‐wide audience: Did the date symbolize the long‐awaited end of Western imperialism in Asia? Or a retreat from freedom? Or, now that it's in the past, was the whole thing just a case of journalistic overkill? It all depends on your point of view. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Jamaican ambassador Richard L. Bernal on Jamaica's contemporary business environment
Authors: Walch Karen S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNatural beauty is often thought to be the Caribbean's real resource. Jamaica, located in the Caribbean Sea, benefits from this natural splendor of mountains, plains, plateaus, and waterfalls, but also from its people, whose charm and elegance are unsurpassed. Historically, there has been considerable global interest in the Caribbean Sea in general and in Jamaica in particular because of the natural, social, strategic, and economic resources which this region possesses. Today, the contemporary global business environment and the dynamics of hemispheric free trade in the Americans create new and complex challenges for the region's natural and human resources. This article will first present a background to the recent economic and political events which have placed Jamaica as a critical, stable, and important player in the Caribbean Basin economy. The remainder of the article will be based on an interview with Ambassador Richard L. Bernal,1 who will offer an assessment of Jamaica's commitment to economic stabilization, infrastructure capability, foreign investment incentives, financial and trade services, and democratization. In addition, Dr. Bernal provides an evaluation of the relationship of Jamaica and the Caribbean Basin with the United States in the post‐cold war liberal economy. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Internationalizing doctoral education in business: A call for action
Authors: Cavusgil S. Tamer 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe changing parameters of business call into question the relevance of the business education our current bachelor's, master's, and doctoral students are receiving. Of particular concern is the content and process of education provided to future professors who will be educating generations to lead the global business community in directions that will mean better lives for ourselves and our world neighbors. Recently, a forum of leading business educators (doctoral program directors, deans, graduate faculty, and representatives of the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business and the Academy of International Business) met for two days in order to exchange experiences and generate ideas regarding the internationalization of doctoral programs in business. Their findings and views are contained in a book just published and a summary report. This article sums up some of the conclusions drawn from these publications and revisits the imperatives for internationalizing‐which parallel the imperatives driving business to accept the global challenge. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Algeria's challenge: Democracy versus terrorism
Authors: Lamamra Ramtane 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAlgeria has undertaken sweeping reforms in recent years. In spite of adverse circumstances, the country is growing in importance as an American trade partner. Historically, Algeria's fate has always had a direct impact, positive or otherwise, on others. Currently, however, a dearth of communication has deprived many actors on today's increasingly interconnected economic global stage of basic and necessary information about Algeria, information that is important to the conduct of international business. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Determinants of foreign direct investment in Turkey
Authors: Tatoglu Ekrem , Glaister Keith W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe motives and characteristics of western MNEs' foreign direct investment (FDI) in Turkey are considered in terms of Dunning's ownership, location, internalization (OLI) paradigm for a sample of 98 firms. A parsimonious set of motives is identified by means of factor analysis. Binomial logit regression models are used to test a set of hypotheses concerning the relative importance of FDI motives and the sample characteristics. The findings are that the relative importance of the OLI factors vary most with the industry of the investment, to a moderate extent with the size of the investment and to a modest extent with the ownership pattern of the investment (wholly owned subsidiary or joint venture). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Developing countries' strategic opportunities
Authors: Zimmerer Thomas W. , Alavi Jafar , Yasin Mahmoud M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe rapid transition from the industrial age to the knowledge age may require developing nations to reassess their strategies toward the attraction of foreign investment. Highly focused technology villages based on the creation of industry‐specific technology infrastructures blended with educated and trained nationals may be the best alternative for benefiting from the global economic changes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fanning the flames of learning
Authors: Coble Hugh 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHugh Coble has worked for Fluor Daniel since 1966. Fluor Daniel provides a broader range of engineering, construction, maintenance, and diversified services to more clients in more industries and geographic locations than any global competitor. With over 50 electronically networked offices supporting 2,000 projects in 82 countries, Fluor Daniel is a truly global company in every sense of the word. Coble has spent more than half his professional life outside the United States, moving a total of 22 times. Even when stationed in the United States, his responsibilities have often focused on the world at large. Throughout the past 30 years, he has seen a multitude of exciting changes in the global work place. This wealth of international experience is the basis for his Commencement Address at Thunderbird, The American Graduate School of International Management, in August of 1997. The following is an adaptation of this address. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A transaction cost perspective on foreign market entry strategies of US and Japanese firms
Authors: Taylor Charles R. , Zou Shaoming , Osland Gregory E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA large scale survey of top US and Japanese executives is conducted in order to assess the power of transaction cost economics (TCE) in explaining a firm's choice of entry mode (e.g., joint venture vs. full ownership) when it enters a foreign market. Results suggest that several TCE tenets are useful in explaining US firms' choice of entry mode. However, TCE predictions were not supported by the entry mode choices of Japanese firms. Implications of these findings for researchers and managers are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Economic espionage and interallied strategic cooperation
Authors: Clarke Duncan L. , Johnston Robert 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIncidents of economic espionage by foreign governments against US corporations, persons, and institutions are numerous and very costly. Meeting this challenge has become a high national priority, and several significant measures have been taken by Washington that affect the business community directly and indirectly. Allies of the United States are among the principal culprits. This raises a potentially serious issue: How to pursue mutually beneficial, essentially cooperative, interallied strategic relations while economic relations among allies are acquiring a sharper competitive edge? Thus far, economic espionage has not jeopardized traditional security ties. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Knowledge sharing and the virtual organization: Meeting 21st century challenges
Authors: Rae Leslie 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAs organizations–government, industry, academia–move into the seamless, boundary‐less 21st century, the value added of individuals who are part of these organizations will be their ability to share knowledge and expertise with others. Given the complexity and dynamics of the 21st century, if individuals cannot–or will not–share knowledge their value to organizations will be limited. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
When will the transition phase end?
Authors: Simai Mihály 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHuman history has witnessed different systemic transitions. Never before, at least in modern history, have the challenges for the given countries and simultaneously for the international community become so clear as in the former socialist countries in Europe. The complex interactions between the past and the present; the political, economic, and social processes; cultural values and institutions; and national and international factors have defined these challenges. The global information revolution, which put the transition process and its consequences into the limelight, added another dimension to the uniqueness of the changes. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A comparison of infrastructure development in select eastern and western European countries pre/post the fall of the Berlin wall
Authors: Harvey Michael , Myers Matthew B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe role that infrastructure plays in the economic development of countries has been a fascination of researchers for decades. Questions regarding which comes first, infrastructure or economic growth and which of the various dimensions of infrastructure (e.g., roads, trains, seaports, and the like) have the greatest/fastest impact on the national and personal income in a developing country are yet to be sufficiently answered. Through a comparative analysis of select Eastern and Western European countries both prior to and after the fall of the Berlin Wall, these questions are examined in order to provide insight concerning the effects of developmental efforts on former command economies. Managerial and public policy implications are offered subsequent to this unique investigation of centrally managed transition economies that have moved to market‐driven economies over the past 20 years. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Foreign investor strategy development in the central and eastern European context
Authors: Marinov Marin A. , Marinova Svetla T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractInvestment conditions in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe favor long‐term strategic investments. Increasing competition pressures in the saturated West European beer markets coupled with shrinking demand challenged Interbrew SA, Belgium to enter the emergent prospective markets of Central and Eastern Europe by the acquisition of former state‐owned enterprises. The study of Interbrew's case shows the linkages existing between investor internationalization strategy, motives, strategy implementation, and adaptation in the highly volatile markets of Hungary and Bulgaria. This case represents a good example of slow reactive strategy development in the Hungarian environment leading the investor to the loss of its first mover advantage. Using similar motives for its acquisitions in Bulgaria, Interbrew has successfully implemented a proactive adaptation of its initial Central and Eastern European strategy to the Bulgarian environment. The lessons from the case can be used by foreign investors to increase their chances for success in FDI acquisition in transitional economies. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Time at risk: Toward a banking titanic?
Authors: Lhabitant F. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe Year 2000 problem is quickly becoming known as potentially the biggest challenge in the brief history of information technology. The complexity of the problem is particularly true for financial institutions, such as banks, which rely heavily on information technology and are interconnected and interdependent. This article reviews the millennium problem and its possible implications for banks and financial institutions worldwide. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
International strategy and subsidiary performance in China
Authors: Luo Yadong 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study examines the underlying relationship between type of international strategy (global, multidomestic, and transnational) and subsidiary performance in the context of the People's Republic of China. After controlling for cultural, size, and equity effects, it is found that strategy type is important for the overall performance of international expansion. Different strategies affect multinational enterprise (MNE) subunits' performance differently. While global strategy is systematically related to low risk but suffers from loss of growth opportunities in an emerging market, multidomestic strategy is positively associated with local market expansion but comes at the expense of high uncertainty. Overall, transnational strategy outperforms other postures in aligning with a dynamic emerging market and attaining benefits from both ownership‐specific and country‐specific advantages. Transnational strategy increases operating flexibility which in turn spurs managerial discretion to respond profitably to the business potential of the global marketplace. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The reality of integration within the european union
Authors: Nicoll William , Schoenberg Richard 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe European Single Market program has put in place legislation that provides the free circulation of goods, capital, and people. Further, the recent implementation of monetary union provides a single currency and a common monetary policy in 11 out of the 15 Member States. Yet significant practical barriers to European integration remain. Legislation concerning taxation and company law is still primarily nationally based. More fundamentally from a business perspective, the European environment continues to be characterized by divergent industry structures and national cultures. Although there is considerable momentum for political and economic integration at present, this deep‐seated national diversity remains strong and can hinder businesses from adopting an integrated approach toward the European Union. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The crisis of business intelligence: On the necessity of training reform
Authors: Werther Guntram F. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOne can probably misjudge or misunderstand more critical history‐making international events, patterns, and trends than contemporary intelligence analysts have, but it is hard to imagine how. The crisis of intelligence, including business intelligence, is part of the larger crisis of incompetence within the social sciences generally. It is a systemic problem involving, as an internal CIA review says, an inability to think “how the other guy thought,” a chronic failure of imagination and personnel, and flaws in information gathering, training, and analysis. Senator Helms says, “Our foreign policy institutions are a complete mess,” and many congressmen, scholars, and practitioners agree.
The state's responses to private Islamic finance experiments in Egypt
Authors: Galloux Michel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSince the emergence of private sector Islamic finance in Egypt, the Egyptian state decided to follow a sophisticated strategy aimed mainly at solving a contradiction: the need to meet a growing demand for Islamic financial products, without letting the supply fall under the exclusive control of actors viewed as competitors of the state, both economically and politically, and ultimately as the financial arm of political Islam. The creation of Nasser Social Bank in the early 1970s and the subsequent opening of Islamic branches of conventional banks were part of such a strategy, as was the mufti of the Republic's official entry into the debate on Islamic finance in the late eighties. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The arrival of the Euro and its implications for Asia
Authors: Wu Friedrich 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe third stage of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) commenced on January 1, 1999 with the launch of the European single currency, the euro. The first round of participants comprises 11 of the 15 European Union (EU) nations, dubbed “Euroland.” The potential implications of EMU for Asia are immense. The euro's emergence as an international currency and its impact on Asia can be assessed in 3 different domains: (1) as a medium of exchange for Europe's trade with Asia; (2) as a store of value in stocks and bonds in world capital markets; and (3) as part of official foreign exchange reserves of Asian central banks. Our analysis suggests that there is potential for the euro to play a bigger role in EU‐Asia trade links, which will be underpinned by the collective importance of Euroland as a much‐enlarged trading and investment partner for Asia. However, in the short term at least, Asian equity markets are unlikely to benefit from significant inflows of capital from the EU as the former have been decimated by the region's financial crisis. As for Asian bond markets, rapid deterioration of sovereign ratings of countries in the region over the past 12 months would make it difficult for Asian companies to raise funds through euro‐denominated debt instruments. As for official foreign exchange reserves, the bulk of Asian reserves is currently held in US dollar assets. Judging from Asian trade and debt figures, it seems unlikely that the euro would challenge the US dollar as a reserve currency any time in the near future. Nevertheless, in the longer term, the euro's introduction could make it easier for Asian central banks to diversify their reserves from the greenback to the euro. The internationalization of the euro is likely to happen only gradually, whether in terms of international trade denomination and settlement, denominating international financial assets, or as a reserve currency. Since the magnitude of shock that the single European currency would bring to the international monetary system is still unknown, only very tentative conclusions for the impact on Asian countries can be drawn at this point in time.
Delay‐differential equations with discrete feedback: explicit formulae for infinitely many coexisting periodic solutions
Authors: Bayer W. , Heiden U. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt is well‐known that the combination of nonlinear feedback and temporal delay may create very complicated behavior, including infinitely many bifurcations and chaos. In this paper a differential delay equation is studied in case that the nonlinearity is piecewise constant (with a single jump). The existence of infinitely many periodic solutions with different minimal periods is proved and explicit formulae for these solutions are presented, at once for positive and for negative feedback.