bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributions to the Optimal Use of Human Blood
Authors: Vogelaar E. F. , Berg M. A. G. D. Boer‐V. D. , Reijnierse E. , Brummelhuis H. G. J. , Krijnen H. W. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. It was observed that during the preparation of normal anti‐D immunoglobulin concentrates by a modified Cohn VI method a considerable loss of anti‐D activity occurred in fraction III. A method was developed to prepare anti‐D immunoglobulin concentrates from fraction III by ethanol fractionation. Three batches were treated on a production scale. An average of 18% of the amount of anti‐D activity present in the original plasma, was recovered, which increased the total yield of anti‐D activity from 44 to 62%.The specific activity of anti‐D in the concentrate thus prepared was 2–3 times higher than that in the normal anti‐D immunoglobulin concentrate. The anti‐D immunoglobulin concentrate prepared from fraction III was diluted with normal immunoglobulin concentrate to reach an anti‐D concentration of 110–120 μg/ml.Using several analytical procedures no essential differences could be demonstrated between this final product and the normal immunoglobulin concentrate. After 8 months of storage at 4°C no significant decrease in anti‐D activity could be demonstrated.
Red Cell Hydrolases
Authors: Bosmann H. Bruce 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Human erythrocyte plasma membranes solubilized in 0.1% Triton X‐100, with tritium‐labeled 5‐acetamido‐3,5‐dideoxy‐l‐arabino‐2‐heptulosonic acid fetuin as substrate, were found to contain considerable neuraminidase activity. The enzyme was purified 470‐fold, with 17% recovery, by centrifugation and gel chromatography on Sephadex G‐100 and Sephadex G‐150. The highest activity of the purified enzyme was at pH 4.2, but the neuraminidase was active over a broad pH range. No cofactors were necessary for neuraminidase activity; the enzyme was inhibited by 0.05 m Ca acetate, 0.1 m CuSO4, 0.01 m FeCl3, 0.01 m FeCl2, 0.01 m HgCl2, and 0.005 m p‐chloromercuribenzene sulfonate. The purified enzyme had maximal activity at 30–40 °C, and a linear relationship was demonstrated for activity versus time and for activity versus amount of enzyme.Using the Eadie‐Hofstee plot and a fetuin molecular weight of 48,000, a Vmax of 4.5 × 104 cpm ? h−1 ? mg−1, and a Km of 9 × 10−6 m were calculated. On whole‐cell electrophoresis, it was demonstrated that purified human erythrocyte plasma membrane neuraminidase, like Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase, could cause release of terminal sialic acid residues from the external surfaces of intact human erythrocytes.
Biochemical and Immunological Studies on Salivary Blood Group Substances1
Authors: Kwak Kun Se , Sturgeon Phillip 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Salivas with various phenotypes were analyzed for chemical components and blood group activity after ultracentrifugation. Active blood group substances were isolated from saliva in the pellet form by sedimentation. Both the supernatant and the pellet suspended in original volume were studied for content of fucose, total hexose, protein, and sialic acid and the presence of blood group activity. Paper chromatography of these saliva pellets after acid hydrolysis demonstrated fucose, galactose, glucosamine and galactosamine. A Lewis negative non‐secretor showed decreased fucose on the paper while a non‐secretor Lewis positive Le(a + b – x+) saliva showed less fucose on chemical analysis.Immunodiffusion studies with the lectin Dolichos biflorus showed precipitation lines with A substance from saliva and with purified A blood group substance.Goat anti‐Lea and goat anti‐Leb serum produced two precipitin lines against Lea substance and one line against Leb substance present in non‐secretor and secretor salivas, respectively. In addition, there was a line of identity among Lea saliva, purified Lea substance from saliva and purified Lea substance from ovarian cyst fluid.
Study of Antigenic Varieties of Group A Red Cells, Platelets and Lymphocytes Using Liquid Phase Electrophoresis1
Authors: Stoltz J. F. , Raffoux C. , Janot C. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. The authors attempt to study the presence of subgroups of the phenotype A on lymphocytes and platelets with the help of liquid phase electrophoresis.The results show that anti‐A of B serum reduces the electrophoretic mobility of red cells, platelets and lymphocytes of group A but leaves unchanged the mobility of group O or B cells. The same variations are observed in red cell lymphocytes and platelets. The authors suppose that the distribution of antigenic sites is identical in these elements.
Red Cell Ageing and Death
Authors: Ganzoni A. M. , Barras J. P. , Marti H. R. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. To obtain red cell populations of increasing mean age erythropoiesis was arrested through continuous actinomycin treatment or maintained transfusion polycythemia in mice and rats respectively. The parameters studied included cell indices, enzyme activities and rheological characteristics. Further, the life‐span of aged cells was compared to normal, and the sequestration site was determined.Mice erythrocytes, like those of rats, experienced a continuous decrease in MCV1, an early rise in MCHC, and late MCH reduction. In ageing rat erythrocytes the activities of HK, GR and 6‐PGD did not fall below the normal range during the first nine tenths of the potential life‐span. On the other hand, a borderline reduction of PK activity was found, and the activity of G‐6PD underwent a steady though unimpressive decrease to 70% of the physiological average. Aged erythrocytes, forced through 15‐μm capillaries differed in apparent viscosity from reticulocytes and normal cells by a factor of 1.31 and 1.16, respectively. Destruction of senescent cells was predominantly confined to the spleen, and prolonged erythrocyte survival followed splenectomy.
Exchange Transfusions with Frozen Blood
Authors: Kreuger Anders 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. On 15 newborn infants, 31 exchange transfusions were performed, 11 with previously frozen red blood cells resuspended in albumin‐electrolyte‐glucose solution, 4 with previously frozen red blood cells resuspended in fresh frozen plasma and 16 with ACD blood.Good clinical effects were obtained in all cases and no untoward clinical reactions were noticed. More pronounced decreases in vB pH and vB standard bicarbonate were noted after exchange transfusions with frozen blood than after ACD blood transfusions. Small and unimportant changes of plasma electrolytes were recorded following exchange transfusions with frozen blood. The P‐haemoglobin concentrations were higher in the frozen blood than in the ACD blood, resulting in an increase of P‐haemoglobin following exchange transfusion with frozen blood.The wash‐out effect of the frozen blood was indicated by a reduction of platelets, fibrinogen and IgG during the exchange transfusions to 20% of the original value. Furthermore, a decrease in coagulation capacity was observed as revealed by considerable changes in TT and APTT values.For newborn infants with suspected or manifest coagulation disorders and for newborn infants needing more than one exchange transfusion, frozen, thawed and washed red blood cells should be resuspended in fresh or fresh frozen plasma when used as transfusion blood.
Radioelectroimmunoassay of Anti‐D Immunoglobulin on Agarose Plates Containing Whole Red Cells
Authors: ERIKSSON OLLE , ENELL BIRGITTA 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. By incorporating whole Rh(+) red cells in an agarose plate and adding a small amount of purified 125I anti‐D immunoglobulin as a tracer to standards and samples, a radioelectroimmunoassay (REIA) of anti‐D immunoglobulin was possible. The results by this method agree with those obtained by the direct method.The coefficient of variation (within plate precision) is less than 9% and the reproducibility is 12% (coefficient of variation for a plasma sample assayed on six occasions during 1 month).The International anti‐D serum was compared with the WHO standard preparation 68/419 on five occasions and found to contain 11; 11; 10; 9 and 11 μg per ampoule.
Serological Studies of the H Activity of Oh Red Cells with Various Anti‐H Reagents
Authors: Dodd B. E. , Lincoln P. J. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Several examples of Oh cells have been investigated with various anti‐H reagents. After enzyme treatment of the cells with either papain or neuraminidase, very high titres were obtained, particularly with some preparations of Ulex europeus. Fractionation of anti‐H Ulex showed that the anti‐H component inhibitable by L‐fucose required papain treatment of the Oh cells for optimal activity whereas the component not inhibitable by L‐fucose agglutinated preferentially Oh cells treated with neuraminidase. The anti‐H lectin Cytisus sessifolius which is not inhibitable by L‐fucose gave no reaction with papain‐treated Oh cells but reacted well when the Oh cells were treated with neuraminidase. Normal O cells were almost equally well agglutinated by the lectins when treated by either of the two enzymes. That the various lectin components activated by enzymes had H specificity was shown by the fact that their activity was inhibited by purified H substance, partially inhibited by L‐fucose and 2‐fucosyllactose and not at all by purified Lea substance and non‐secretor salivas.In spite of the high titres obtained with Oh cells by the enzyme technique, the amount of H present on the red cells, judged by inhibition tests, in comparison with normal group O cells was very small.
Serological, Immunochemical and Immuoncytological Properties of Granulocyte Antibodies
Authors: Verheugt F. W. A. , von dem Borne A. E. G. K. , van Noord‐Bokhorsl J. C. , van Elven E. H. , Engelfriet C. P. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. The immunochemical characteristics of granulocyte allo‐ and autoantibodies can easily be studied with indirect immunofluorescence techniques. The correlation of these properties with the serological behavior of the antibodies and the clinical condition in which they were found was studied. The investigations included the determination of immunoglobulin class, subclass, light‐chain composition, as well as optimal temperature of activity. Complement fixation in vitro was also investigated.Striking differences were found between IgG and IgM antibodies in their serological properties, especially in the granulocytotoxicity and leukoagglutination tests at different temperatures. Differences in light‐chain and IgG subclass compositions of the antibodies did not seem to play a role.In studying the distribution of granulocyte‐specific antigens on normal granulocytes and granulocytes in all stages of development, it was found that, while NA1, NA2 and ND, are present in the same quantity on the cells of an individual, the NB1 antigen is unequally distributed, both over ripe granulocytes and granulocyte precursors.
Production of Antibodies to Human Immunoglobulins in a Gibbon
Authors: van Loghem Erna , Socha W. W. , de Lange Gerda 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Immunization of a chimpanzee, a gibbon, a baboon and a rhesus monkey with human globulins gave different results. While chimpanzees did not produce any anti‐human antibodies, baboon and rhesus monkey responded by producing anti‐human IgG antibodies that did not show subclass or allotype specificity. In the gibbon antiserum, on the other hand, six different antibodies were demonstrated with a specificity against one or more of the four human IgG subclasses, including one allotype.Comparative investigations of non‐human primate species sera showed that one of the specificities detected by these antibodies, i.e., the allotype Glm(f), was restricted to man; the other five antibodies reacted with man and with two or more genera of apes. Lower primates did not share any of these antigenic determinants. The extent of immunological distance is parallel to the taxonomic classification. The gibbon shows that there are more similarities between man and chimpanzee or pygmy chimpanzee than between man and gorilla or orangutan.
Detection of Quinidine‐Specific Antibodies with Platelet 125J‐Labeled Staphylococcal Protein A Test
Authors: Kekomäki R. , Rajamäki A. , Myllylä G. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Remarkably high titers (80–160) of quinidine‐specific antibodies were detected in the serum of 5 patients with suspected quinidine purpura, when 126I‐labeled staphylococcal protein A was used as the marker of IgG bound onto platelets. During a follow‐up of 3 of the patients, the antibody titers declined.The antibodies could be detected even when the final drug concentration was reduced from 0.3 to 0.003 mmol/I (i.e. therapeutic levels). The reaction between serum and platelets was independent of the type of quinidine salt used. No cross‐reactivity occurred with quinine.Heat inactivation of the serum did not decrease the quantity of specific antibodies detected on the platelets. The sedimentation behavior of antiplatelet activity in density gradient centri‐fugation resembled that of 7 S antibodies. When sedimentation was, however, effected on the drug‐serum mixture, the reactivity of 7 S decreased.
Rate of Rh Immunization after Induced Abortion
Authors: Simonovits I. , Timár Irma , Bajtai G. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. The occurrence of Rh immunization was investigated in 386 secundigravidae whose first pregnancy was terminated by induced abortion and who were not given anti‐D immunoglobulin after the induced abortion.Of these, 6 (1.57%) already proved to be seropositive at the beginning of their second pregnancy, another 6 (1.57%) became positive by the end of the second pregnancy, i.e. 3.14% altogether as demonstrated with papain‐treated RBC. If instead the indirect antiglobulin (Coombs) test was used, 3 women (0.77%) proved to be positive at the beginning and 9 (2.31%) at the end of the second pregnancy.Supposing that 0.5% of the secundigravidae became immunized during the second pregnancy, the rate of immunization after induced abortion in non‐protected cases may be calculated to be 2.64% using the papain technique and 1.81% when the antiglobulin test is applied.
Studies on the in vivo Elution of 51Cr from Baboon Red Blood Cells1,2,3
Authors: Valeri C. Robert , Kuehl Gary V. , Skrabut Eugene M. , Bechthold Duane A. , Vecchione John J. , Harkness Donald R. , Emerson Charles P. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Four anticoagulant solutions were added to baboon red blood cells prior to labeling with 51Cr to determine how each would influence the distribution of 51Cr within the red blood cells, the loss of 51Cr from the red blood cells after transfusion, and the calculated red cell survival value.The 51Cr label was detected in the hemoglobin and in the low molecular weight compounds within the red blood cells. The elution of 51Cr from labeled baboon red blood cells following transfusion could not be explained by the distribution of 51Cr between hemoglobin and low molecular weight compounds within the red blood cells.
Radioimmunoassay for Hepatitis B ‘e'Antigen and Antibody: Correlations with Viral Replication and Prognostic Value
Authors: Baraldini M. , Facchini A. , Miglio F. , Ramadori G. , Alberti A. , Realdi G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe presence of hepatitis B ‘e’ antigen (HBeAg) and its antibody (anti‐HBe) was evaluated by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in various groups of HBsAg‐positive patients. HBeAg was present in the majority of the sera from patients with acute viral hepatitis at the onset of clinical symptoms and disappeared after 1 year. Almost all hemodialysis patients had HBeAg in their sera. 40% of the patients who had chronic active hepatitis and 50% with chronic persistent hepatitis had HBeAg with no relationship to the inflammatory activity of the disease evaluated by the presence of mononuclear infiltration in liver biopsy. The comparison between the presence of HBeAg and Dane particle‐associated DNA‐poly‐merase activity showed that HBeAg was consistently found in almost all the sera which presented DNA‐polymerase activity. HBeAg, as determined by RIA, may therefore be useful in the screening of highly infective patients with elevated viral replication.
IgG Subclasses in Rhesus‐D Immunization. Effects of Weekly Small Volume Plasmapheresis1
Authors: van't Veer‐Korthof E. T. , Niterink J.S.G. , van Nieuwkoop J.A. , Eernisse J.G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe IgG subclass composition was determined of the anti‐D antibodies present in the serum of 22 women who had a history of severe rhesus‐D immunization and who weekly underwent small volume plasmapheresis during their current pregnancy.There was no correlation between the subclass patterns of IgG anti‐D antibodies and the degree of illness of the child; the good clinical results obtained with the small volume plasmapheresis could not be explained by a consistent change in the anti‐D IgG subclass composition.
Detection of Anti‐Varicella‐Zoster Virus Antibodies in Blood Donors by Automated Passive Haemagglutination
Authors: Chung A. , Naylor D.H. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract1,219 normal blood donors were screened for anti‐varicella‐zoster virus antibodies by automated passive haemagglutination (APH) on a TechniconTM 15‐channel Auto Analyzer. 98 samples (8%) were positive by APH and 92% of these were shown to have antibody titres ≧ 1/16 by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Parallel testing of an additional 265 donors revealed that 11 (4%) individuals had IFA titres ≧ 1/64 and 6 of these 11 donors were identified by APH. Thus, APH is an effective means of rapidly detecting units of plasma acceptable for production of varicella‐zoster immunoglobulin.
Removal of Thymic‐Derived Lymphocytes during Pheresis Procedures
Authors: Dwyer John M. , Wade Marcia J. , Katz Alfred J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMeasurements have been made of the absolute T‐cell loss experienced by normal donors undergoing three methods of pheresis used for the preparation of platelets and/or granulocytes for transfusion. Filtration leukapheresis was associated with a mean loss per donation of 1.7×108 T cells. The technique of intermittent flow centrifugation platelet pheresis resulted in a mean loss per donation of 3 × 109 T cells. When this latter technique was utilized for leukapheresis, with hydroxyethyl starch and prednisone taken 12 h before the donation, the mean loss per donation was 3.9×109 T cells. When an intravenous dose of dexamethasone at the commencement of the procedure was used instead of prednisone for leukapheresis by intermittent flow centrifugation, the mean cell loss per donation was 2.2×109 T cells. We have examined the immediate effects of these procedures on circulating T lymphocytes and their responsiveness to mitogens. The only change of significance was an increased responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin after leukapheresis of the lymphocytes of those donors who had received prednisone. Replacement of T cells appears to be inefficient in adult life and thus functionally important numbers of T lymphocytes may be removed by repeated pheresis procedures. Careful examination of the potential immunological and clinical consequences of repeated pheresis appears warranted.
Purification of Anti‐Lec Antibodies with Specificity for βDGal(1→3)βDGlcNAcO‐ Using a Synthetic Immunoadsorbent
Authors: Pendu J. Le , Lemieux R.U. , Oriol R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractArtificial antigens: Antibodies were raised in rabbits with βDGal(13) βDGlcNAc‐BSA and purified by absorption elution on a column of the synthetic oligosaccharide covalently bound to a silicate instead of BSA. The purified antibodies agglutinated specifically erythrocytes from Le (a‐b‐) nonsecretor donors (Lec).Natural antigens: Antibodies were raised in goats using boiled saliva from O/O, le/le, se/se donors. The population of antibodies which was adsorbed on a column consisting of βDGal(1→3) βDGlcNAc‐O‐R (type 1 chain precursor disaccharide) groupings attached to a silicate was collected and then refined by passage through a column which consisted of similarly immobilized αLFuc(1→2)βDGal(1→3)βDGlcNAc‐(H type 1), βDGal(1→3)‐[αLFuc(1→4)]βDGlcNAc‐(Lea), and βDGal(1→4)βDGlcNAc‐ (type 2 core chain precursor) groupings. The refined antibodies proved to have a reaction pattern with salivas that is the same as that previously reported for anti‐Lec sera.The data obtained with natural and artificial antigens are thus compatible with the biosynthetic pathway for the formation of the Lewis antigenic determinants proposed by Graham and suggest that the Lec antigen may simply be the type 1 precursor chain which is required for the formation of the Lea, Led and Leb antigenic determinants.
Studies on the Retention of Passively Transferred Antibodies in Man
Authors: Shibata Yasuo , Baba Makoto , Kuniyuki Masayori 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMeasurement of diluted samples of high‐titred antisera to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) proved that the RIA kit can be used quantitatively in a wider range than stated by the manufacturer. Analysis of the blood level of anti‐HBs activities by RIA in a homologous system gave straight declines corresponding to the diffusion and the catabolic phases of human 7 S or 5 S antibody. The half‐life of the intravenously given antibody was calculated from the catabolic decline to 17.7 days for human immunoglobulin or 2.7 days for human F(ab')2 fragment.
Evaluation of Individuals Deferred from Blood Donation for Medical Reasons1
Authors: Blumberg N. , Shah I. , Hoagland J. , Shirer L. , Katz A. J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractModern techniques of blood collection require health screening of donors by non‐physicians using general guidelines. Health problems of concern to the donor and possible loss to future donation of actually healthy individuals are inherent in this acceptance and deferral process. Of the 108,908 donors presenting at the bloodmobiles of a regional blood center from September 1978 to February 1979, 9,542 were deferred. Of these, 1,203 with possible medical problems other than hepatitis, hypertension, or infectious disease were referred to their physician for further information concerning their suitability as donors. Over 80% had irregular pulses or histories suggestive of potential cardiovascular problems. The purpose of this study was to review the evaluation mechanism. Responses for evaluation were received from only 222 out of 1,203 (18%), and of these all but 29 (13%) were granted full permission to donate. Since only one evaluated individual with pulse or cardiovascular findings of possible significance was under the age of 35 years, this age is a reasonable cutoff for such deferrals. The minimum increase in collections with this change in deferral screening would be over 1,000 units per year in Connecticut, and perhaps 60,000 nationwide.
A New Elution Procedure Using Chloroform, a Nonflammable Organic Solvent
Authors: Branch Donald R. , Hian Anita L. Sy Siok , Petz Lawrence D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA new method for eluting red cell antibodies using chloroform has been shown to be effective. The method is similar to ether and xylene techniques but can be completed within 10 min after adequate cell washing. Comparison studies using ether, xylene and chloroform showed that antibodies eluted by chloroform yielded equivalent titration scores. Antibodies within the Ss blood group system were easily eluted using chloroform but not using ether. Also, the chloroform method yielded informative eluates when prepared from red cells of patients with warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia, drug‐induced immune hemolytic anemia, hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by ABO or Rh fetal‐maternal incompatibility, or from patients having a positive direct antiglobulin test as a result of alloantibodies stimulated by recent transfusion (‘delayed transfusion reaction’). The advantages of chloroform elution are: (1) chloroform is nonflammable; (2) the eluate is readily obtained from the top layer after centrifugation; (3) no residual solvent remains in the eluate, and (4) the method is rapid.