bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The epoch of the Milky Way’s bar formation: dynamical modelling of Mira variables in the nuclear stellar disc
Authors: Sanders Jason L , Kawata Daisuke , Matsunaga Noriyuki , Sormani Mattia C , Smith Leigh C , Minniti Dante , Gerhard Ortwin 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
A key event in the history of the Milky Way is the formation of the bar. This event affects the subsequent structural and dynamical evolution of the entire Galaxy. When the bar formed, gas was likely rapidly funnelled to the centre of the Galaxy settling in a star-forming nuclear disc. The Milky Way bar formation can then be dated by considering the age distribution of the oldest stars in the formed nuclear stellar disc. In this highly obscured and crowded region, reliable age tracers are limited, but bright, high-amplitude Mira variables make useful age indicators as they follow a period–age relation. We fit dynamical models to the proper motions of a sample of Mira variables in the Milky Way’s nuclear stellar disc region. Weak evidence for inside-out growth and both radial and vertical dynamical heating with time of the nuclear stellar disc is presented, suggesting that the nuclear stellar disc is dynamically well-mixed. Furthermore, for Mira variables around a ∼350-d period, there is a clear transition from nuclear stellar disc-dominated kinematics to background bar-bulge-dominated kinematics. Using a Mira variable period–age relation calibrated in the solar neighbourhood, this suggests the nuclear stellar disc formed in a significant burst in star formation $(8\pm 1)\, \mathrm{Gyr}$ ago, although the data are also weakly consistent with a more gradual formation of the nuclear stellar disc at even earlier epochs. This implies a relatively early formation time for the Milky Way bar ($\gtrsim 8\, \mathrm{Gyr}$), which has implications for the growth and state of the young Milky Way and its subsequent history.
MIGHTEE-H i: H i galaxy properties in the large-scale structure environment at z ∼ 0.37 from a stacking experiment
Authors: Sinigaglia Francesco , Rodighiero Giulia , Elson Ed , Bianchetti Alessandro , Vaccari Mattia , Maddox Natasha , Ponomareva Anastasia A , Frank Bradley S , Jarvis Matt J , Catinella Barbara , Cortese Luca , Roychowdhury Sambit , Baes Maarten , Collier Jordan D , Ilbert Olivier , Khostovan Ali A , Kurapati Sushma , Pan Hengxing , Prandoni Isabella , Rajohnson Sambatriniaina H A , Salvato Mara , Sekhar Srikrishna , Sharma Gauri 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the first measurement of H i mass of star-forming galaxies in different large scale structure environments from a blind survey at z ∼ 0.37. In particular, we carry out a spectral line stacking analysis considering 2875 spectra of colour-selected star-forming galaxies undetected in H i at 0.23 &lt; z &lt; 0.49 in the COSMOS field, extracted from the MIGHTEE-H i Early Science data cubes, acquired with the MeerKAT radio telescope. We stack galaxies belonging to different subsamples depending on three different definitions of large-scale structure environment: local galaxy overdensity, position inside the host dark matter halo (central, satellite, or isolated), and cosmic web type (field, filament, or knot). We first stack the full star-forming galaxy sample and find a robust H i detection yielding an average galaxy H i mass of $M_{\rm H \, {\small I}}=(8.12\pm 0.75)\times 10^9\, {\rm M}_\odot$ at ∼11.8σ. Next, we investigate the different subsamples finding a negligible difference in MH i as a function of the galaxy overdensity. We report an H i excess compared to the full sample in satellite galaxies (MH i = (11.31 ± 1.22) × 109, at ∼10.2σ) and in filaments (MH i = (11.62 ± 0.90) × 109. Conversely, we report non-detections for the central and knot galaxies subsamples, which appear to be H i-deficient. We find the same qualitative results also when stacking in units of H i fraction (fH i). We conclude that the H i amount in star-forming galaxies at the studied redshifts correlates with the large-scale structure environment.
An analytical description of substructure-induced gravitational perturbations in stellar systems
Authors: Delos M Sten 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Perturbations to stellar systems can reflect the gravitational influence of dark matter substructures. On scales much smaller than the size of a stellar system, we point out analytical connections between the stellar and dark matter distributions. In particular, the density and velocity power spectra of the stars are proportional to the density power spectrum of the perturbing dark matter, scaled by k−4. This relationship allows easy evaluation of the suitability of a stellar system for detecting dark substructure. As examples, we show that the Galactic stellar halo is expected to be sensitive to cold dark matter substructure at wavenumbers k ≲ 0.3 kpc−1, and the Galactic disc might be sensitive to substructure at wavenumbers k ∼ 4 kpc−1. The perturbations considered in this work are short-lived, being rapidly erased by the stellar velocity dispersion, so it may be possible to attribute a detection to dark matter substructure without ambiguity.
Tolerability, safety and efficacy of a novel phosphate binder VS-505 (AP301): a Phase 2 dose-escalation and dose-ranging study in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Zhuang Bing , Gan Liangying , Liu Bin , Yuan Weijie , Shi Ming , Peng Ai , Wang Lihua , Chen Xiaolan , Liu Tongqiang , Zhang Shiying , Wang Song , Gao Qing , Wang Baoxing , Zheng Huixiao , Liu Changhua , Luo Yuan , Ye Hong , Lin Hongli , Li Yiwen , He Qiang , Zheng Feng , Luo Ping , Long Gang , Lu Wei , Li Kanghui , Yang Junwei , Liu Yingxue Cathy , Zhang Zhizheng , Li Xiaoling , Zhang Weifeng , Zuo Li 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
VS-505 (AP301), an acacia and ferric oxyhydroxide polymer, is a novel fiber-iron-based phosphate binder. This two-part Phase 2 study evaluated the tolerability, safety and efficacy of oral VS-505 administered three times daily with meals in treating hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).

Methods
In Part 1, patients received dose-escalated treatment with VS-505 2.25, 4.50 and 9.00 g/day for 2 weeks each, guided by serum phosphorus levels. In Part 2, patients received randomized, open-label, fixed-dosage treatment with VS-505 (1.50, 2.25, 4.50 or 6.75 g/day) or sevelamer carbonate 4.80 g/day for 6 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in serum phosphorus.

Results
The study enrolled 158 patients (Part 1: 25; Part 2: 133), with 130 exposed to VS-505 in total. VS-505 was well tolerated. The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders, mainly feces discolored (56%) and diarrhea (15%; generally during Weeks 1–2 of treatment). Most gastrointestinal disorders resolved without intervention, and none was serious. In Part 1, serum phosphorus significantly improved (mean change −2.0 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval −2.7, −1.4) after VS-505 dose escalation. In Part 2, serum phosphorus significantly and dose-dependently improved in all VS-505 arms, with clinically meaningful reductions with VS-505 4.50 and 6.75 g/day, and sevelamer carbonate 4.80 g/day [mean change −1.6 (−2.2, −1.0), −1.8 (−2.4, −1.2) and −1.4 (−2.2, −0.5) mg/dL, respectively]. In both parts, serum phosphorus reductions occurred within 1 week of VS-505 initiation, returning to baseline within 2 weeks of VS-505 discontinuation.

Conclusion
VS-505, a novel phosphate binder, was well tolerated with a manageable safety profile, and effectively and dose-dependently reduced serum phosphorus in CKD patients with hyperphosphatemia receiving MHD.

Clinical Trial registration number
NCT04551300
Physical exercise: a polypill against chronic kidney disease
Authors: Valenzuela Pedro L , Castillo-García Adrián , Saco-Ledo Gonzalo , Santos-Lozano Alejandro , Lucia Alejandro 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We are currently facing a pandemic of physical inactivity that might contribute to the growing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we summarize currently available evidence on the association between physical activity and CKD, and also review the effects of exercise intervention in affected patients. Physical activity/exercise might act as a polypill against CKD, preventing its development or even exerting beneficial effects once it is established (i.e. improvements in patients’ physical fitness and cardiovascular risk, as well as in kidney function). Exercise benefits are also found at advanced CKD stages or in patients under hemodialysis. The biological mechanisms behind the clinical evidence are also discussed. An active lifestyle appears as a cornerstone in CKD prevention and management.
Executive summary of the American Radium Society appropriate use criteria for brain metastases in epidermal growth factor receptor mutated-mutated and ALK-fusion non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Nagpal Seema , Milano Michael T , Chiang Veronica L , Soltys Scott G , Brackett Alexandria , Halasz Lia M , Garg Amit K , Sahgal Arjun , Ahluwalia Manmeet S , Tom Martin C , Palmer Joshua D , Knisely Jonathan P S , Chao Samuel T , Gephart Melanie Hayden , Wang Tony J C , Lo Simon S , Chang Eric L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The American Radium Society (ARS) Central Nervous System (CNS) committee reviewed literature on epidermal growth factor receptor mutated (EGFRm) and ALK-fusion (ALK+) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for the treatment of brain metastases (BrMs) from non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) to generate appropriate use guidelines addressing use of TKIs in conjunction with or in lieu of radiotherapy (RT). The panel developed three key questions to guide systematic review: can radiotherapy be deferred in patients receiving EGFR or ALK TKIs at (1) diagnosis or (2) recurrence? Should TKI be administered concurrently with RT (3)? Two literature searches were performed (May 2019 and December 2023). The panel developed 8 model cases and voted on treatment options using a 9-point scale, with 1–3, 4–6 and 7–9 corresponding to usually not appropriate, may be appropriate, and usually appropriate (respectively), per the UCLA/RAND Appropriateness Method. Consensus was achieved in only 4 treatment scenarios, all consistent with existing ARS-AUC guidelines for multiple BrM. The panel did not reach consensus that RT can be appropriately deferred in patients with BrM receiving CNS penetrant ALK or EGFR TKIs, though median scores indicated deferral may be appropriate under most circumstances. Whole brain RT with concurrent TKI generated broad disagreement except in cases with 2–4 BrM, where it was considered usually not appropriate. We identified no definitive studies dictating optimal sequencing of TKIs and RT for EGFRm and ALK+ BrM. Until such studies are completed, the committee hopes these cases guide decision- making in this complex clinical space.
Highly efficient nitrogen fixation over S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with enhanced active hydrogen supply
Authors: Bao Tong , Xi Yamin , Zhang Chaoqi , Du Peiyang , Xiang Yitong , Li Jiaxin , Yuan Ling , Yu Chengzhong , Liu Chao 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Photocatalytic N2 fixation is a promising strategy for ammonia (NH3) synthesis; however, it suffers from relatively low ammonia yield due to the difficulty in the design of photocatalysts with both high charge transfer efficiency and desirable N2 adsorption/activation capability. Herein, an S-scheme CoSx/ZnS heterojunction with dual active sites is designed as an efficient N2 fixation photocatalyst. The CoSx/ZnS heterojunction exhibits a unique pocket-like nanostructure with small ZnS nanocrystals adhered on a single-hole CoSx hollow dodecahedron. Within the heterojunction, the electronic interaction between ZnS and CoSx creates electron-deficient Zn sites with enhanced N2 chemisorption and electron-sufficient Co sites with active hydrogen supply for N2 hydrogenation, cooperatively reducing the energy barrier for N2 activation. In combination with the promoted photogenerated electron-hole separation of the S-scheme heterojunction and facilitated mass transfer by the pocket-like nanostructure, an excellent N2 fixation performance with a high NH3 yield of 1175.37 μmol g−1 h−1 is achieved. This study provides new insights into the design of heterojunction photocatalysts for N2 fixation.
Job demands and DHEA-S levels: a study on healthcare workers
Authors: Marcatto F , Patriarca E , Bramuzzo D , Lucci E , Larese Filon F 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The intricate interplay between work-related stress and its physiological impact has drawn extensive research attention. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) emerges as a potential biomarker reflecting stress-related endocrine changes.

Aims
This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between job demands and DHEA-S levels among healthcare workers. The study also explored potential correlations between DHEA-S levels and psychophysical symptoms commonly linked to work-related stress.

Methods
A sample of 488 healthcare workers from a local health authority participated. Job demands were measured using the Demands scale of the Health and Safety Management Standards Indicator Tool. DHEA-S levels and symptom prevalence were assessed through serum analysis and questionnaires, respectively.

Results
Workers exposed to high job demands exhibited significantly lower DHEA-S levels compared to those with low job demands. Psychophysical symptoms, including sleep disorders, depression, and headache, were more prevalent in the high-demands group. DHEA-S levels showed significant negative correlations with the prevalence of all considered symptoms.

Conclusions
The study shows the inverse relationship between job demands and DHEA-S levels among healthcare workers, indicating that high job demands correlate with reduced DHEA-S secretion and increased symptom prevalence. The findings suggest DHEA-S as a potential biomarker for assessing the physiological consequences of work-related stress. Proactive interventions in managing job demands are crucial for promoting employee well-being and productivity in demanding work environments. By recognizing DHEA-S as a stress biomarker, organizations can effectively address stress-related health risks and implement targeted interventions for enhancing employees’ overall health and work performance.
The Unveiling of the Corona
Authors: Pasachoff Jay M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The solar corona is visually the most striking feature of the eclipse. Governing many aesthetic representations, it also has a special place in the history of science. When the Sun is eclipsed, the occultation renders visible things that otherwise cannot be seen, leading to a better understanding of the properties and structure of the Sun’s atmosphere that is usually obscured by scattered sunlight. Studies of the solar corona have led to advances in atomic physics and a better understanding of ‘space weather,’ which originates in the solar atmosphere and interacts with the Earth’s magnetic field, to affect our lives here on Earth. There are still fundamental unanswered questions about the solar corona, which might be explored by space probes to the Sun and innovative solar telescopes.
Total Eclipse of the Art
Authors: Lange Henrike Christiane 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Posing unique challenges in the history of representation, total solar eclipses involve all of the following: phenomena of movement, light, shadow, obfuscation, momentousness, and gradual dimming down and up as a process with a climactic moment at its centre—all happening on a massive scale and across inconceivable distances, requiring the combination of cosmic imagination with scientific understanding. Complicating things further, the central moment merges the visual cosmic spectacle above with its own dramatic effects on sky and land below. Finally, while the event above is predictable, the weather conditions in between are not—and the tension between hyper-predictable and entirely uncertain conditions of visibility add to the interest in the event’s historical–visual documentation as much as to the preciousness and awe of the actual experience. Combining perspectives from art and literary history, the following chapter focuses on total solar eclipse perception and representation (one of the common denominators across the visual and textual arts)—on word, image, media specificity, and a range of historical developments in which these representational challenges connect to central interdisciplinary questions of time, perception, and experience.
The Role of Crustal Contamination throughout the 1329–2005 CE Eruptive Record of Mt. Etna Volcano, Italy
Authors: Takach Marie K , Bohrson Wendy A , Spera Frank J , Viccaro Marco 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The nearly continuous volcanic eruption record at Mt. Etna dating back ~700 years provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the geochemical evolution of a highly active volcano. Of particular interest is elucidating the cause of selective enrichment in alkali elements (K and Rb) and 87Sr/86Sr observed in various episodes of past activity. More recently, this alkali enrichment trend started to manifest in the 17th century and accelerated after 1971, and was accompanied by an increase in the volume, frequency, and explosivity of eruptions. Explanations for this signature include recharge of alkali-enriched magmas and/or crustal contamination from the subvolcanic basement. This study quantitatively examines the role of crustal contamination in post-1971 Etnean magma compositions via hundreds of open-system phase equilibria and trace element calculations based upon whole-rock major oxides, trace elements, 87Sr/86Sr ratios, and mineral compositional data. Available pre-1971 petrochemical data are satisfactorily reproduced by fractional crystallization of a high whole-rock MgO (12–17 wt.%), Ni (135–285 ppm), and Cr (920–1330 ppm) parental magma composition that is documented in Etna's ~4-ka fall-stratified deposit. Observed post-1971 whole-rock and glass trends and phase equilibria are reproduced via modeled assimilation of a skarn and flysch mixture, lithologies that represent the uppermost 10 to 15 km of sedimentary rocks beneath Etna. Notably, models show that K2O (wt.%) and Rb (ppm) behave incompatibly during partial melting of skarn/flysch. Additionally, the observed elevation of 87Sr/86Sr in post-1971 samples is consistent with the addition of radiogenic Sr from wallrock partial melts. In best-fit models, which yield observed post-1971 K2O, Rb, and 87Sr/86Sr trends, ~17% anatectic melt is assimilated and there may be a subordinate stoped wallrock component of ≤2% (percentage is relative to the starting mass of pristine magma). Previous work has shown that metasomatized spinel lherzolite and garnet pyroxenite can be melted in different proportions to reproduce long- and short-term changes observed in Etna’s geochemical products. We propose that the alkali enrichment signature observed after 1971 can be fully explained through the combination of mantle heterogeneity and crustal contamination. In particular, up to ~20% crustal input coupled with mantle heterogeneity of primitive melts explains the geochemical signals quite well. The influence of crustal contamination on post-1971 lavas is, in part, the result of frequent recharge of magmas that thermally primed the middle to upper crust and enhanced its partial melting.
Understanding decision curve analysis in clinical prediction model research
Authors: Zhao Luqing , Leng Yueshuang , Hu Yongbin , Xiao Juxiong , Li Qingling , Liu Chuyi , Mao Yitao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Many medical graduate students lack a thorough understanding of decision curve analysis (DCA), a valuable tool in clinical research for evaluating diagnostic models.

Methods
This article elucidates the concept and process of DCA through the lens of clinical research practices, exemplified by its application in diagnosing liver cancer using serum alpha-fetoprotein levels and radiomics indices. It covers the calculation of probability thresholds, computation of net benefits for each threshold, construction of decision curves, and comparison of decision curves from different models to identify the one offering the highest net benefit.

Results
The paper provides a detailed explanation of DCA, including the creation and comparison of decision curves, and discusses the relationship and differences between decision curves and receiver operating characteristic curves. It highlights the superiority of decision curves in supporting clinical decision-making processes.

Conclusion
By clarifying the concept of DCA and highlighting its benefits in clinical decisionmaking, this article has improved researchers’ comprehension of how DCA is applied and interpreted, thereby enhancing the quality of research in the medical field.
Fiction as a defeater
Authors: Stokke Andreas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper argues that no instances of acquiring knowledge from works of literary fiction are instances of the way we ordinarily learn from the testimony of others. The paper argues that the fictional status of a work is a defeater for the justification of beliefs formed on the basis of statements within that work, which must itself be defeated for such beliefs based on fiction to amount to knowledge. This marks a fundamental difference with learning from testimony, since regardless of one's views on testimony and testimonial knowledge, the fact that your belief that p was based on someone's testimony that p is not in and of itself a defeater for your justification for believing that p.
Determining the primes of bad reduction of cm curves of genus 3
Authors: Ionica Sorina , KılıÇer Pınar , Lauter Kristin , Lorenzo GarcíA Elisa , MÂnzĂŢeanu Adelina , Vincent Christelle 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new problem called the Isogenous Embedding Problem (IEP) and relate the existence of solutions to this problem to the primes of bad reduction of complex multiplication curves of genus 3. More precisely, the absence of solutions to IEP implies potentially good reduction. We propose an algorithm for computing the solutions to the IEP and run the algorithm through different families of curves. Using this algorithm, we were able to prove the reduction type of some particular curves at certain primes that were open cases in R. Lercier, Q. Liu, E. Lorenzo García and C. Ritzenthaler, Reduction type of smooth plane quartics, Algebra Number Theory 15 no. 6 2021, 1429–1468.