bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic analysis of related factors of adverse reactions to immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer and establishment of a nomogram model
Authors: He Xu-Xu , Du Bang , Wu Tao , Shen Hao 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer has attracted widespread attention in recent years. However, the adverse reactions of immunotherapy and its relationship with patient prognosis still need further study. In order to determine the association between adverse reaction factors and prognosis, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic prognostic analysis. By comprehensively evaluating the clinical data of patients with advanced gastric cancer treated by immunotherapy, a nomogram model will be established to predict the survival status of patients more accurately.
AIM
To explore the characteristics and predictors of immune-related adverse reactions (irAEs) in advanced gastric cancer patients receiving immunotherapy with programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors and to analyze the correlation between irAEs and patient prognosis.
METHODS
A total of 140 patients with advanced gastric cancer who were treated with PD-1 inhibitors in our hospital from June 2021 to October 2023 were selected. Patients were divided into the irAEs group and the non-irAEs group according to whether or not irAEs occurred. Clinical features, manifestations, and prognosis of irAEs in the two groups were collected and analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors affecting the occurrence of irAEs, and the prediction model of irAEs was established. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the ability of different indicators to predict irAEs. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the correlation between irAEs and prognosis. The Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the related factors affecting the prognosis of patients.
RESULTS
A total of 132 patients were followed up, of whom 63 (47.7%) developed irAEs. We looked at the two groups’ clinical features and found that the two groups were statistically different in age ≥ 65 years, Ki-67 index, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, and regulatory T cell (Treg) count (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Treg count was a protective factor affecting irAEs occurrence (P = 0.030). The ROC curve indicated that Treg + Ki-67 + age (≥ 65 years) combined could predict irAEs well (area under the curve = 0.753, 95% confidence interval: 0.623-0.848, P = 0.001). Results of the Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that progression-free survival (PFS) was longer in the irAEs group than in the non-irAEs group (P = 0.001). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis suggested that the occurrence of irAEs was an independent factor for PFS (P = 0.006).
CONCLUSION
The number of Treg cells is a separate factor that affects irAEs in advanced gastric cancer patients receiving PD-1 inhibitor immunotherapy. irAEs can affect the patients’ PFS and result in longer PFS. Treg + Ki-67 + age (≥ 65 years old) combined can better predict the occurrence of adverse reactions.
Is recovery enhancement after gastric cancer surgery really a safe approach for elderly patients?
Authors: Li Zi-Wei , Luo Xiao-Juan , Liu Fei , Liu Xu-Rui , Shu Xin-Peng , Tong Yue , Lv Quan , Liu Xiao-Yu , Zhang Wei , Peng Dong 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
This study aimed to evaluate the safety of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in elderly patients with gastric cancer (GC).
AIM
To evaluate the safety of ERAS in elderly patients with GC.
METHODS
The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were used to search for eligible studies from inception to April 1, 2023. The mean difference (MD), odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were pooled for analysis. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale scores. We used Stata (V.16.0) software for data analysis.
RESULTS
This study consists of six studies involving 878 elderly patients. By analyzing the clinical outcomes, we found that the ERAS group had shorter postoperative hospital stays (MD = -0.51, I 2 = 0.00%, 95%CI = -0.72 to -0.30, P = 0.00); earlier times to first flatus (defecation; MD = -0.30, I² = 0.00%, 95%CI = -0.55 to -0.06, P = 0.02); less intestinal obstruction (OR = 3.24, I 2 = 0.00%, 95%CI = 1.07 to 9.78, P = 0.04); less nausea and vomiting (OR = 4.07, I 2 = 0.00%, 95%CI = 1.29 to 12.84, P = 0.02); and less gastric retention (OR = 5.69, I 2 = 2.46%, 95%CI = 2.00 to 16.20, P = 0.00). Our results showed that the conventional group had a greater mortality rate than the ERAS group (OR = 0.24, I 2 = 0.00%, 95%CI = 0.07 to 0.84, P = 0.03). However, there was no statistically significant difference in major complications between the ERAS group and the conventional group (OR = 0.67, I 2 = 0.00%, 95%CI = 0.38 to 1.18, P = 0.16).
CONCLUSION
Compared to those with conventional recovery, elderly GC patients who received the ERAS protocol after surgery had a lower risk of mortality.
Genetics-guided therapy in neuroendocrine carcinoma: response to BRAF- and MEK-inhibitors
Authors: Falkman Lovisa , Sundin Anders , Skogseid Britt , Botling Johan , Bernardo Yvette , Wallin Göran , Zhang Liang , Welin Staffan , Lase Ieva , Mollazadegan Kazhan , Crona Joakim 
Published: April 2024

Background: Metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is associated with short survival. Other than platinum-based chemotherapy, there is no clear standard regimen. Current guidelines suggest that combination treatment with BRAF-inhibitors should be considered for patients with BRAF V600E-mutated NEC. However, since only eight such patients have been reported in the literature, our object was to confirm the validity of this recommendation.
Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study conducted at Uppsala University Hospital. The included patients 1) had a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of NEC, 2) were diagnosed between January 1st, 2018 and December 31st, 2023, 3) had tumor tissue genetically screened by a broad next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel, and 4) showed a tumor mutation for which there is a currently available targeted therapy.
Results: We screened 48 patients diagnosed with NEC between January 1st, 2018 and December 31st, 2023. Twelve had been analyzed with a broad NGS-panel, and two had a targetable mutation. Both these patients harbored a BRAF V600E-mutated colon-NEC and were treated with BRAF- and MEK-inhibitors dabrafenib and trametinib in second-line. At first radiological evaluation (RECIST 1.1), both patients had a reduction of tumor size, which decreased by 31 and 40%. Both had short response periods, and their overall survival was 12 and 9 months.
Conclusions: BRAF-mutated NEC is sensitive to treatment with BRAF- and MEK-inhibitor combination. These results further support that DNA sequencing should be considered as standard of care in NECs to screen for potential treatment targets.
The dynamics of marsh-channel slump blocks: an observational study using repeated drone imagery
Authors: Yang Zhicheng , Alexander Clark , Alber Merryl 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Slump blocks are widely distributed features along marsh shorelines that can disturb marsh edge habitats and affect marsh geomorphology and sediment dynamics. However, little is known about their spatial distribution patterns or their longevity and movement. We employed an unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) to track slump blocks in 11 monthly images (March 2020–March 2021) of Dean Creek, a tidal creek surrounded by salt marsh located on Sapelo Island (GA, USA). Slump blocks were observed along both convex and concave banks of the creek in all images, with sizes between 0.03 and 72.51 m2. Although the majority of blocks were categorized as persistent, there were also new blocks in each image. Most blocks were lost through submergence, and both decreased in area and moved towards the center of the channel over time. However, some blocks reconnected to the marsh platform, which has not been previously observed. These blocks were initially larger and located closer to the marsh edge than those that submerged, and they increased in area over time. Only 13 out of a cohort of 61 newly created blocks observed in May 2020 remained after 5 months, suggesting that most blocks persist for only a short time. When taken together, the total area of new slump blocks was 886 m2, and that of reconnected blocks was 652 m2. This resulted in a net expansion of the channel by 234 m2 over the study period, accounting for about 66 % of the overall increase in the channel area of Dean Creek, and this suggests that slump block processes play an important role in tidal creek channel widening. This study illustrates the power of repeated UAV surveys to monitor short-term geomorphological processes, such as slump block formation and loss, to provide new insights into marsh eco-geomorphological processes.
Fifty years of firn evolution on Grigoriev ice cap, Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Machguth Horst , Eichler Anja , Schwikowski Margit , Brütsch Sabina , Mattea Enrico , Kutuzov Stanislav , Heule Martin , Usubaliev Ryskul , Belekov Sultan , Mikhalenko Vladimir N. , Hoelzle Martin , Kronenberg Marlene 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Grigoriev ice cap, located in the Tien Shan mountains of Kyrgyzstan, has a rich history of firn and ice core drilling starting as early as 1962. Here we extend the exceptional record and describe an 18 m firn core, drilled in February 2018 on the summit of Grigoriev ice cap, at 4600 m a.s.l. The core has been analyzed for firn stratigraphy, major ions, black carbon, water stable isotope ratios and total β activity. We find that the core covers 46±3 years and overlaps by 2 to 3 decades with legacy cores. A good agreement is found in major ion concentrations for the overlapping period. Concentrations of black carbon and major ions are reduced since the early 2000s, indicating the onset of meltwater runoff. Nevertheless, general concentration trends of these species are consistent with observations and Central Asian ice core records, since emissions were highest during periods when melt influence was negligible. The record of water stable isotopes does not reflect the strong increase of air temperatures during the last decades, implying that water stable isotope ratios ceased to be proxies of temperature variations at this site. Apart from runoff evidence, however, the firn's thermal regime appears remarkably unchanged. Firn temperatures in 2018 were the highest on record (∼-1.6 °C at ∼17 m depth). However, temperatures in 2023 are again similar to the early 2000s at ∼-2.5 °C. Furthermore, we find little change in net accumulation since the 1980s. We hypothesize (i) that firn temperatures are stabilized by the removal of latent heat through lateral meltwater runoff, and (ii) that mass loss by runoff is compensated by an increase in accumulation. Data from a nearby weather station support the latter hypothesis.
Концепция простого юридического языка – основной вектор развития юридической техники англосаксонских стран
Authors: Волков Дмитрий Александрович 
Published: April 2024

Увеличение законодательного массива в результате развития общества и усложнения общественных отношений выводит на повестку дня вопрос о его оптимизации, основным инструментом которого является юридическая техника. Изучение иностранного опыта с позиций оценки эффективности апробированных в иных условиях установок могло бы существенно обогатить данную сферу. Автором затронуты вопросы становления и развития концепции простого юридического английского языка и ее влияния на законотворческую деятельность стран англосаксонской правовой семьи, исследованию которых в отечественной литературе уделялось крайне мало внимания. Отмечено, что критика юридического языка за его сложность и двусмысленность со стороны научной общественности и публицистов привела в середине прошлого столетия к формированию научного течения, ставившего перед собой целью улучшить юридическую технику за счет разработки приемов и методов изложения текста, упрощающих его восприятие пользователем. Практическая реализация выработанных научной общественностью рекомендаций, сформированных учеными на стыке лингвистики и юриспруденции, привела к положительным результатам. Опубликованные первоначально в качестве рекомендаций пособия по составлению юридических текстов впоследствии преобразились в методические рекомендации и привели в итоге к пересоставлению законодательства ряда стран, а также осознанию необходимости нормативного закрепления выработанных приемов простого юридического английского языка в законе. Сделан вывод: концепция простого юридического языка в настоящее время является научным подходом к совершенствованию юридической техники, получившим свое практическое применение в странах англосаксонской правовой семьи.
STRUGGLE AGAINST ECONOMIC CRIME IN THE KRASNOYARSK REGION DURING THE POST-WAR PERIOD (1945-1952)
Authors: Печерский В.А. 
Published: April 2024

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с деятельностью правоохранительных органов по борьбе с растратами и хищениями в системе государственной торговли, потребительской кооперации, снабженческих организаций в послевоенный период в Красноярском крае. Подобные преступления причиняли серьёзный ущерб народному хозяйству СССР, и поэтому борьба с ними была одной из приоритетных задач правоохранительных органов. Однако низкая квалификация работников прокуратуры и милиции не позволяла эффективно бороться с экономической преступностью.
The article considers issues related to the activities of law enforcement agencies to struggle against squandering and embezzlement in the system of state trade, consumer cooperation, and supply organizations during the postwar period in the Krasnoyarsk Region. Such crimes caused serious damage to the national economy of the USSR, and therefore the fight against them was one of the priorities of law enforcement agencies. However, low qualifications of prosecutors and police officers did not make it possible to effectively combat economic crime.
ON UPDATING THE SPELLING RULES OF THE KHAKASS LANGUAGE
Authors: Чебочакова И.М. 
Published: April 2024

Орфография хакасского языка с момента становления хакасского литературного языка до сегодняшнего дня претерпевала определенные изменения. Последний выпуск свода орфографических правил, подготовленный Д. Ф. Патачаковой, был издан в 1988 году совместно с орфографическим словарем хакасского языка Д. И. Чанкова. С тех пор прошло 35 лет, за этот период произошли определенные изменения в лексике и структуре хакасского языка, назрела необходимость в выпуске обновленного свода правил и орфографического словаря. В связи с этим сотрудники сектора языка Хакасского научно-исследовательского института языка, литературы и истории в 2023 году разработали предложения по обновлению свода правил орфографии Д. Ф. Патачаковой, расширили словник орфографического словаря Д. И. Чанкова. В процессе работы сектор опирался на следующие принципы: орфография стабильна, консервативна, исторически обусловлена, объединяет весь народ, относится к каждому члену сообщества. По этим причинам были произведены минимальные изменения в правила. Орфографические нормы, наряду с орфоэпическими, акцентными, лексическими, морфологическими, синтаксическими, входят в нормы литературного языка, стабилизируя его. Цель данной статьи состоит в систематизированном представлении предложений и обновлений к правилам орфографии, выполненных сотрудниками сектора языка Хакасского научно-исследовательского института языка, литературы и истории. Ими были дополнены 10 правил, представленные в сборнике правил Д. Ф. Патачаковой, и разработано 1 новое (написание сокращенных слов).
The orthography of the Khakass language has undergone certain changes since the formation of the Khakass standard language until today. The last issue of the Set of Spelling Rules, prepared by D. F. Patachakova, was published in 1988 along with the Spelling Dictionary of the Khakass Language by D. I. Chankov. 35 years have passed since then; during this period there have been certain changes in the vocabulary and structure of the Khakass language, there is a need to publish an updated set of rules and an orthographic dictionary. In this regard in 2023, the staff of the Department of Language of Khakass Research Institute for Language, Literature, and History (KhRILLH) developed proposals to update the Set of Spelling Rules of D. F. Patachakova, enriched the Spelling Dictionary of D. I. Chankov. In the course of work, the Department relied on the following principles: spelling is stable, conservative, historically conditioned, unites all the people, refers to each member of the community. For these reasons, minimal changes were made in the rules. Orthographic norms, along with ortho-epic, accentual, lexical, morphological, syntactic ones, are included in the norms of the standard language, stabilizing it. The purpose of this article is the systematized representation of suggestions and updates to the spelling rules made by the staff of the Department of Language of KhRILLH. They supplemented 10 rules, presented in the Set of Rules by D.F. Patachakova, and developed 1 new rule (spelling of abbreviated words).
ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITIES OF THE KHAKASS ETHNOGRAPHIC EXPEDITION IN 1930
Authors: Вдовин А.С. , Самрина Е.В. 
Published: April 2024

В данной работе на основе архивных документов, переписки между руководителем экспедиции А. В. Харчевниковым и Обществом изучения Сибири выявляется процесс организации и деятельности Хакасской этнографической экспедиции 1930 г. Основная задача экспедиции состояла в комплектовании этнографической коллекции для продажи иностранным музеям, фирмам, частным коллекционерам. В условиях социально-экономического кризиса, несогласованности работы органов власти и элементарного дефицита продуктов питания, экспедиционного снаряжения подготовка этнографической экспедиции требовала напряженной предварительной работы. Сотрудникам экспедиции удалось скомплектовать обширную коллекцию, сделать ее научное описание, а собранные материалы дополнить коллекцией уникальных фотоотпечатков.
This work reveals the process of organization and activities of the Khakass ethnographic expedition in 1930 on the basis of archival documents, correspondence between the head of the expedition A. V. Kharchevnikov and the Society for the Study of Siberia. The main task of the expedition was to compilation the ethnographic collection for sale to foreign museums, companies, and private collectors. In the conditions of the socio-economic crisis, the inconsistency of the work of the authorities, the elementary shortage of food and expedition equipment, the preparation of the ethnographic expedition required intense preliminary work. The expedition staff managed to complete an extensive collection, to make its scientific description, and to supplement the compiled materials with a collection of unique photographic prints.
MODERN INFORMATION ABOUT KHAZYN TAIYG HOLIDAY AND FEMALE DEITIES AMONG THE KHAKASS
Authors: Бурнаков А.А. 
Published: April 2024

В представленной расшифровке полевых материалов, собранных в ходе экспедиционного выезда осенью 2018 г. в Аскизский р-н РХ, одна из жительниц с. Казановка поделилась с нами сведениями о бытовании в их селе до конца 60-х гг. ХХ в. традиции отправления праздника Хазыц тайыг (букв. праздник Березы). Хазыц тайыг - один из автохтонных праздников весенне-летнего цикла, хранителями которого длительное время являлись родители ее покойного мужа А. Е. Торточакова. В интервью даются краткие остаточные сведения об этом празднике, сроках его проведения и называются реальные участники этого мероприятия, что, в свою очередь, свидетельствует о его бытовании в данной местности в не столь отдаленном прошлом. В качестве дополнения нам также удалось записать фрагментарные сведения о традиционных божествах женского рода - Ымай 1це (Мать Умай) и От Ине (Огонь-Мать). Видеозапись интервью на хакасском языке хранится в Рукописном фонде ХакНИИЯЛИ.
In the presented transcript of field materials collected during the expedition trip in the autumn of 2018 to the Askiz District of the Republic of Khakassia, one of the residents in Kazanovka village shared with us information about the existence of the tradition of Khazyn Taiyg Holiday (in Rus.: the Birch Holiday) in their village until the end of the 60s of the 20th century. It is one of the autochthonous holidays of the spring-summer cycle, the keepers of which were her late husband A. E. Tortochakov's parents for a long time. The interview provides brief residual information about this holiday, the dates of its holding, and the real participants of this event are named, which then indicates its existence in this area in the not so distant past. As an addition, we also managed to record fragmentary information about the traditional female deities - YmaiIche (Mother Umai) and Ot Ine (Fire-Mother). Video of the interview in Khakass is kept in the Manuscript Fund of Khakass Research Institute for Language, Literature, and History.
Legal Education for Non-Lawyers as ‘Legal First Aid’: A Participatory Inquiry into Law for Social Work Students
Authors: Rigby Stephen , Toohey Daniel , Toohey Lisa , McNamara Donna 
Published: April 2024

The article documents the experience of the authors in creating and re-calibrating a compulsory legal module within a Bachelor of Social Work degree as a course in ‘legal first aid’. The article explores the pedagogical approach the authors developed, which is based on continually explaining to students the reason for studying law in a way that is tailored to skills they can use in their practical placements and profession. For social work students, the ‘legal first aid’ approach enabled them to develop confidence and skills in triaging the seriousness of particular situations, understanding what they can do in the short term, and knowing how and when to usefully engage with legal professionals. The article also illustrates the value of a participatory inquiry method when refining course aims and approaches. The article details the participatory inquiry undertaken by the students and teachers with the aim of improving future iterations of the course. The rich insights that can be obtained from a participatory inquiry method offered much more robust insights than mainstream course evaluation methods, providing clear direction for future course refinements. These insights may be useful to course coordinators of other programs who are wishing to design or redesign course content.
HE POLICY OF THE FASCIST GERMANY IN THE OCCUPIED TERRITORY OF BELARUS (BSSR) IN 1941–1944
Authors: Цобкало А.А. , Атрушкевич М.М. 
Published: April 2024

Статья посвящена изучению основных черт политики фашистской Германии на оккупированной территории Беларуси (БССР) в 1941–1944 гг. В ней идет речь об особенностях политики фашистской Германии на территории Беларуси в данный период. Автор статьи раскрывает основные злодеяния фашистского режима в БССР в 1941–1944 гг.
The article is devoted to the study of the main features of the policy of Nazi Germany in the occupied territory of Belarus (BSSR) in 1941– 1944. It deals with the peculiarities of the policy of fascist Germany on the territory of Belarus in this period. The author of the article reveals the main atrocities of the fascist regime in the BSSR in 1941–1944.