bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freezing Resistance and Performance of Faba Bean Populations During Winter Seasons in Northern Germany
Authors: Herzog H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTime‐course and varietal expression of freezing resistance (FR) in relation to environmental conditions as well as agronomic performance of winter faba beans were investigated during 5 winter seasons in Northern Germany. Sowing of 6 or 9 European populations was done at a rate of 33 seeds/m2 during September and October. FR was assessed from the lowest two leaves of the plants which were detached and subsequently subjected to artificial freezing tests.Maxima of mean FR ranged between ‐12 and ‐15°C in different years. A comparison of the considerable oscillations of mean FR during single seasons, with environmental data gave evidence that (1) a reasonable level of FR (i.e.‐12°C) was initially achieved about 4 to 10 weeks after sowing depending on the temperature prevailing at plant emergence. (2) The increases in FR were associated with cool temperatures (daily min. ∼ ‐5/+5 and max. ‐0/+10°C), and the decreases with warm temperatures (daily mean ≥+10°C). (3) Furthermore, long periods of severe frosts or temperatures fluctuating around 0° and/or freeze‐drying by east winds considerably weakened FR and caused substantial leaf necroses. Varietal rank pattern in FR (Cote ď Or > Hiverna, NP, Webo > Avrissot, Survoy > Banner, Bourdon, Bulldog) generally changed only slightly during as well as between midwinters. Only twice, (i) after a long frosty period and rehardening temperatures and (ii) when dehardening in spring has already advanced considerably, this pattern was completely changed.Agronomic performance of 6 populations was examined in dependence of 3 sowing times at 3 locations in 4 years. While generally 80–95 % of seeds emerged within 2 to 4 weeks and developed 2 to 3 leaves/plant until cessation of growth in winter, the small seeded populations (Avrissot, Cote ďOr) emerged 1 to 2 weeks later. Plant emergence was slightly favored on location I (humic sand), but considerably delayed and reduced by late sowing (mid Oct.), Winter survival ranged between 0 and 100 % and was strongly affected by years and to a lesser extent by locations and populations. A clearcut effect of the sowing time was established only once (the later, the better the survival).Results were compared with each other and to those under controlled environments and were discussed with respect to their agronomic implications and significance for breeding.
Allelopathic Effect of Three Serious Weeds of Nigerian Savanna on Germination and Seedling Vigour of Soybean and Maize
Authors: Singh S. P. , Pal U. R. , Luka K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAllelopathic effects of aqueous extract of three weeds, Ageratum conyzoides L., Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv and Commelina benghalensis L. of Nigerian savanna were investigated on the germination and seedling vigour of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) and maize (Zea mays L.). Aqueous extracts of these weeds exhibited allelopathic phenomenon on seed germination and seedling vigour. Aqueous extracts of I. cylindrica and C. benghalensis at 1 % and 5 % concentration (w/v) had stimulatory effect on soybean germination as against inhibitory effect of 10 % aqueous extract of all weeds on the germination of both soybean and maize seeds. Seedling vigour‐length of roots and shoots and fresh weight of seedlings were promoted by aqueous extract of A. conyzoides up to 5 % concentration in soybean whereas all concentrations of extract stimulated the seedling vigour of maize. Aqueous extract of I. cylindrica up to 5 % also caused stimulatory effect on the seedling vigour of both crops but such effects were lesser in magnitude than that observed in case of A. conyzoides. On the contrary, the aqueous extract of C. benghalensis at all concentrations resulted in deleterious effect on the seedling vigour of both soybean and maize.
Effect of Long‐term Application of Farmyard Manure on Growth and Quality of Sugar Beet
Authors: Maidl F. X. , Fischbeck G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractField trials were conducted for two years on two farms which differed in long‐term application of pig slurry in order to study the effects of long‐term organic manuring, timing of slurry application (no slurry, slurry autumn, slurry spring) and additional doses of mineral N‐fertilizer (0, 80, 160, 240 kg N/ha) on growth and quality of sugar beet. The results can be summarized as follows:1. The effect of slurry application on growth of sugar beets varied markedly with the long‐term differences in farm management. On the “arable farm” yield of beet roots increased substantially after slurry application and could not be replaced by higher doses of mineral N fertilizer. It is concluded therefore that “special effects” of farmyard manure are involved. On the “livestock farm”, however, highest beet yields were obtained on plots without slurry. Additionally slurry application caused a significant decrease in beet yields.2. Sugar beets without slurry treatment always developed higher sugar contents and lower concentrations of alpha‐amino‐N, sodium and potassium as compared to beets from plots with slurry application.3. Despite the decline in sugar content, sugar yield greatly increased by slurry application on the “arable farm”. The average increase in sugar yield was 10 dt/ha (=8%) with slurry application in autumn and amounted to 16 dt/ha (=14%) with spring application. On the livestock farm however, additional applications of slurry caused a decline in sugar yields in both years because of lower sugar contents and decrease in beet yields.4. The utilization rate of slurry‐N, depending mainly on time of application, annual rainfall and soil N mineralization, varied from 6–41%. On the “livestock farm” the utilization of slurry‐N was only half of the rate obtained on the “arable farm”.5. The application of small doses of slurry may cause a significant yield increase on farms without or only less livestock, while on farms with intensive livestock production continous slurry application needs to be considered as an expensive form of waste disposal. Therefore farms with high livestock density are advised to sell slurry to neighbouring farms without or only low animal production at a fair price for their mutual advantage.
Effect of Plant Spacing on the Productivity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Grown in Newly Reclamed Land
Authors: Shalaby A. S. , Razin A. M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPlant spacing study has been conducted on two types of Roselle, namely Hibiscus sabdariffa var. Masri, and H. sabdariffa var. Sudani. The two types are traditionally used to be cultivated in Egypt in loamy rich soils at a distance of 60 to 70 cm between hills. In the present experiment, however, they were cultivated in a newly reclamed desert land. The spacing treatments were 30, 50 and 70 cm between hills. The results revealed that the wider spacing (70 cm) resulted in shorter plants with more branches and higher number of fruits per plant. However, the narrower spacing (30 cm) gave higher weight of fruits, fresh sepals and accordingly, higher yields of dry sepals, anthocyanins and acids compared with the treatment of 70 cm. The best results concerning the yield of sepals and active constituents per unit area were gained when Roselle plants were planted at 50 cm spacing. The spacing treatments did not affect the content of anthocyanins or total acidity as a percentage.
Einfluß eines steigenden N‐Angebotes auf die Knöllchenbildung bei Erbse (Pisum sativum L. ssp. sativum) in Nährlösungskultur
Authors: Liebhard P. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Influence of ascending nitrogen supply on the development of Rhizobium symbiotic bacteria on peas (Pisum sativum L. ssp. sativum) in nutritive culture solution The effect of ascending N‐supply with 4 different levels from 0.1 to 1.56 mg atom/L culture solution on juncture, quantity and development of Rhizobium bacteria on peas variety Stehgolt was thoroughly investigated. Contemporaneously, all the inoculated plants set on several noduls. The number of nodules formed per plant was negatively and hasty influenced by the ascending N‐supply. Higher N‐provision lessen the number of Rhizobium nodules per plant, however, these few achieved their active N2‐Fixation phase (Leghämoglobin formation stage) earlier than those formed under insufficient N‐supply.
Auswirkungen der Züchtung bei Winterweizen in einem landwirtschaftlichen System mit geringer Betriebsmittelzufuhr von außen
Authors: Stöppler H. , E. Kölsch  , Vogtmann H. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Impact of Wheat Breeding in an Agricultural Low External Input System Low external input systems, e.g. ecological agriculture, are able to solve problems concerning environmental pollution, diminishing ressources, and overproduction. Since growing conditions of winter wheat are very different in ecological agriculture as compared to conventional systems, the impact of genetic improvement of winter wheat in low external input systems is not well known. Investigations were carried out in two years at two ecologically managed farms using 24 genotypes of winter wheat of different periods of release (about 1900 to 1983). The results can be summarized as follows:1. The tendency towards higher yields among modern varieties as compared to older cultivars in ecological agriculture was highly significant.2. The rate of yield improvement was smaller under low external input as compared to conventional conditions results. Yield improvement was greatest in recent decades.3. In ecological agriculture higher yields among modern varieties resulted from an increased harvest index along with an unchanged biomass production, improved resistance properties, and higher ear weight. Reduced plant height probably has negative effects.4. Baking quality was improved clearly by wheat breeding.5. Further genetic improvement of winter wheat yields in low external input systems may result from increased biomass production along with a constant or enhanced harvest index, improved resistance properties, increased plant height, and pronounciation of ear weight.
A Functional Growth Analysis Model for Grain Development in Oryza sativa L.
Authors: Kailasam C. , Chandra Babu R. , Vijayalakshmi C. , Sree Rangaswamy S. R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe pattern of grain growth in two rice cultivars was assessed in terms of total dry weight of grain from anthesis upto maturity. Rice grain development followed a sigmoidal trend. Richards' function was found to more closely fie the data on grain growth and thus could serve as a suitable mathematical model for rice grain growth analysis.
Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher physiologischer Alter und Pflanzknollengrößen auf die oberirdischen Pflanzenorgane von Kartoffeln (Sorte Granola)
Authors: Szlavik I. , Caesar K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn a two‐year field trial, the influence of the physiological age and the size of seed tubers on various growth parameters was determinedEmergence and senescence occurred earlier in plants of older physiological age. On the other hand the physiological age did not influence the number of stems, the stem dry weight, the leaf number, the leaf dry weight, the leaf area, and the specific leaf area. There was a positive correlation between seed tuber size and number of stems but a negative correlation to the stem dry weight. Bigger seed tubers and consequently a higher number of stems had initially a positive effect on the number of leaves, leaf area and leaf dry weight per plant but this was reversed in the course of the vegetation period. The specific leaf area was only influenced by the weather conditions. There was a strong, highly significant negative correlation between number of stems and branching. The correlation between number of stems and leaf area as well as leaf area duration was positive.
Diurnal Pattern of Plant Water Relations of Groundnut under Water Stress and Potassium Nutrition
Authors: Mohandass S. , Radhakrishnan R. , Panchanathan R. M. , Kandaswamy P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDiurnal variations in plant water relations were studied in a field grown groundnut crop in water stressed and non stressed plants with and without potassium nutrition. The results indicated the possibility of mitigating the ill effects of water stress by means of potassium spray thus reducing the water demand especially during the critical phase of the crop.
The Response of Four Sorghum Accessions/Cultivars to Salinity During Plant Development
Authors: Azhar F. M. , McNeilly T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWhole‐plant‐response of four sorghum accessions to increasing mM NaCl concentrations of 0, 100, and 150 was assessed at three growth stages (GS‐1, GS‐2, and GS‐3), in a sand‐culture experiment. Accession comparisons were made on the basis of absolute and relative salt tolerance values. Increasing salinity significantly reduced plant height at GS‐1, whilst shoot and root dry weight were less affected. The effect of NaCl on these characters was greater at GS‐2 and GS‐3, and accessions differed significantly in their responses to salinity. On the basis of plant height data, Giza 114 had the highest absolute salt tolerance at all three growth stages. However based on shoot and root dry weight data, Double TX and Giza 114 were both significantly more NaCl‐tolerant than INRA 133 and INRA 353 at GS‐2. Based on relative salt tolerance values of shoot and root dry weight, and plant height, Double TX and Giza 114 were more affected by salinity at GS‐3 than INRA 133 and INRA 353. INRA 133 and INRA 353 exhibited progressively higher tolerance at all growth stages, and produced more grains than Double TX and Giza 114, and consequently had higher grain yield per plant. NaCl salinity had little effect on grain weight. Plant sensitivity to NaCl at three growth stages differs in the four accessions, and is genotype‐specific. This suggests that there is considerable variation in salt tolerance in sorghum at the adult stage which may be exploited through selection and breeding of plants to effect further improvement in salinity tolerance in this species.
Use of a Disk Meter to Evaluate Continuously Grazed Pastures
Authors: Bryan W. B. , Thayne W. V. , Prigge E. C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOne of the greatest difficulties in pasture research is accurately measuring quality and quantity of the vegetation. The disk meter may be used to rapidly estimate herbage mass (DM) but its validity depends on a good relationship between disk meter height (DMH) and DM. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between DMH and DM for continuously grazed pastures. Pastures of varied botanical composition were grazed by cows and calves from May through October. Paired data (DMH and DM clipped from under the disk) from seven cool season pastures were subjected to covariance analysis. Prediction equations were developed utilizing data from 2 years for different pastures and dates. Disk meter height accounted for a little over half the variability in DM (R2 of 0.54 and 0.59 for years 1 and 2, respectively). Regression coefficients of DM on DMH differed between dates in both years and between pastures in one year. To accurately predict DM the disk meter must be calibrated for each pasture and date. However, the disk meter can be used where an estimate of herbage mass is required and resources are limiting.
Grain Protein Accumulation During Grain Development in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Polisetty Raghuveer , Chandra R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGrain protein accumulation during grain development was studied as a function of defoliation at anthesis in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes grown under pot culture and non limiting nitrogen conditions. The data indicates that per cent grain protein did not decrease proportionally despite 50 % or more decrease in grain yield per plant. These data support the contention that shrivelling need not result in proportional increase in grain protein %. The data also suggests that accumulation of grain protein and carbohydrate during the grain development may not be negatively associated. The data also brings about the importance of grain protein yield per plant as a useful parameter for breeding high grain protein genotypes.
Leaf Growth and Chlorophyll Content of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) as Influenced by Nitrogen Supply
Authors: Ogunlela V. B. , Kullmann A. , Geisler G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAn experiment was conducted using a greenhouse hydroponics system to investigate the influence of N nutrition on leaf growth and chlorophyll content in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) during both vegetative and generative growth. Plants were treated continuously with one of three levels of N supply (30, 100 or 170ppm N). Leaf expansion in terms of lamina area of individual leaves and leaf area per plant, and chlorophyll content of leaves during both growth phases were increased significantly by N supply up to 100 ppm N, which was found to be the optimum level for oilseed rape. N supply of 30 ppm N resulted in N stress while 170 ppm N represents an excessive supply. N supply of 100 ppm N enhanced leaf expansion during H–6 weeks after transplanting by 88–260 % over that of 30 ppm N. Lamina areas of younger leaves responded to N nutrition better than did those of older leaves. Leaf area per plant increased 155–194 % due to increasing N supply but leaf number was increased less remarkably (by 25–44 %). N supply enhanced the contents of leaf chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll but had very little influence on chlorophyll a/b ratios; except that increasing N supply tended to reduce these ratios. Results suggest that variation in leaf chlorophyll content of rape plants in response to N nutrition is a function of leaf age and position. The significance of these results in terms of certain physiological implications for the rape plant is discussed.
Growth Promotion of Wheat Seedlings by Streptomyces atroolivaceus
Authors: El‐Shanshoury A. R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTreating grains and roots of wheat seedlings with supernatants of different aged cultures of Streptomyces atroolivaceus stimulated plant growth. The treatment resulted in increased shoot elongation, shoot fresh and dry weights, and root fresh and dry weights but suppressed the depth of the root system. The supernatants resulted in increased shoot DNA but not root DNA. Shoot and root contents of RNA and protein were also enhanced. Effects probably caused by activity of plant growth regulators.
Vergleich von Methoden zur Bestimmung der Wurzellängendichte bei Kulturpflanzen
Authors: Gäth S. , Meuser H. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Comparison of methods to determine the root length density of crops In this paper, in a first step a comparison of the soil core or monolith method with the profile wall method was undertaken with data obtained for sugar beets.Results show that differences between both methods, expressed as a factor, decline destinctly during the vegetation period. This means that the calibration of the profile wall method with the help of a time independent, average factor cannot be recommended.In a second step, we compared the monolith method with a new procedure to estimate root growth.Results for a soil derived from loess show that values measured and estimated correspond very well, while for a sandy soil, there was only a satisfactory correspondence.The comparison led to the conclusion, that in field work the monolith method should be preferred to the profile wall method, and the root growth estimation procedure is available alternative to determine the root length density of cereals.
Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher physiologischer Alter und Pflanzknollengrößen auf Ertragsparameter und Ertrag von Kartoffeln (Sorte Granola)
Authors: Szlavik I. , Caesar K. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract In a two‐year field trial, the influence of the physiological age and the size of seed tubers on yield parameters and yield of cv. Granola was determined In the first trial year no influence of the physiological age on the number of tubers at the time of flowering was found. Plants from physiological older seed tubers had higher single tuber weight. The maximal number of tubers was reached at the time of flowering.In the second year no influence of the physiological age on the single tuber weight was found although the tuber number varied. The physiological age had in the first year a weak, and in the second year no significant influence on the number of tubers after senescence.Increasing size of seed tubers resulted in both years and at all harvesting times in higher tuber number, but the single tuber weight after senescence decreased with increasing size of seed tubers.The final yield in both years was not influenced by the physiological age but it increased with the increase of the size of seed tubers.
Development and Yield Formation of Autumn‐ and Spring‐sown Faba Beans in Northern Germany as Affected by Seasons, Sowing Dates and Varieties
Authors: Herzog H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractField trials were conducted with autumn‐ and spring‐sown faba beans in Northern Germany during four seasons to examine the expected preceding development of autumn‐sown plants, its possible transformation into a higher yield potential and its dependence on sowing dates and varieties. Height, appearance of leaves, inflorescences, mature flowers, potential and actual pot set was rated weekly, and flower initiation and tillering occasionally. Comparison was made for one winter type sown in autumn and spring, and between 6 winter types and 3 spring types, in two seasons each.Development of autumn‐sown plants significantly preceded that of spring‐sown in each year, regardless of the plant material used. The mean advance, diminished considerably with time due to prolonged developmental phases in autumn‐sown plants which, however, did not improve vegetative, generative or reproductive potentials of main tillers. Potentials formed by the six winter types, interacted strongly with the seasons, at least in part due to changing plant densities. Thus, only a very few traits appeared typical: a short stature with few leaves for Avrissot and the opposite for Bourdon, a high number of ripening pods for Avrissot and a low number for Banner. Early compared to late sowing in autumn increased the number of leaves, and in one year even the number of mature flowers and ripening pods per tiller, but values of early sowing never exceeded those of spring sowing. Enhancement of tiller formation by early compared to late sowing diminished after spring; nevertheless about two reproductive tillers per plant in autumn‐sown stands always led to a higher density of tillers than in spring‐sown.
Effect of a Winter Cereal or Legume Crop on the Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Summer Maize/Cowpea Fodder
Authors: George M. , Prasad R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA field experiment conducted at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi brought out that summer maize green fodder yield was 31.8 t/ha to 34.1 t/ha, while that of cowpea fodder was only 15.5 to 16 t/ ha. Maize fodder and crude protein yield and NPK uptake was more after a winter legume (lentil) than after a winter cereal (wheat).