bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wide spectrum of novel and rare hemoglobin variants in the multi‐ethnic Indian population: A review
Authors: Thaker Pallavi , Mahajan Namrata , Mukherjee Malay B. , Colah Roshan B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe hemoglobin (Hb) variants are qualitative abnormalities due to production of structurally abnormal globin proteins. They are categorized based on the type of mutation present in the α1, α2, β, Gγ, Aγ and δ globin genes. So far, more than 1550 Hb variants are reported in the database. They could lead to Hb polymerization, Hb instability, altered oxygen affinity and decreased oxygen‐carrying capacity of Hb or have no clinical manifestations. In India, ethnic diversity, consanguinity, regional variations and migration result in the presence of different Hb variants. We have compiled all the variants of α, β and δ globin chains in heterozygous, homozygous and in compound heterozygous forms reported from India in the last 52 years. Of the 63 rare and novel hemoglobin variants reported from India, 22 were α‐globin chain variants, 37 were β‐globin chain variants and 4 were δ‐globin chain variants. Twelve novel Hb variants (Hb J Rajappan, Hb Koya Dora, Hb Rampa, Hb Godavari, Hb Chandigarh, Hb D Agri, Hb Lucknow, Hb Vellore, Hb Midnapore, Hb Bijnor, Hb A2Tianhe and Hb A2Saurashtra) were identified among persons of Indian origin. Majority of them were picked up on HPLC. Some of the variants like Hb Titusville, Hb Shimonoseki, Hb Chandigarh, Hb D Agri, Hb Yaizu and Hb Vellore eluted in the HbS window whereas variants like HbD Iran, Hb St. Louis, Hb G Coushata, HbM Saskatoon, Hb Lucknow, Hb Grange‐Blanche and Hb Tianshui showed falsely elevated HbA2. Hence, careful and systematic investigations are required to identify them.
Cancer immunity by tissue‐resident type 1 innate lymphoid cells and killer innate‐like T cells
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Albert M. , Kansler Emily R. , Li Ming O. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryCancer progression can be restrained by tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes in a process termed cancer immunosurveillance. Based on how lymphocytes are activated and recruited to the tumor tissue, cancer immunity is either pre‐wired, in which innate lymphocytes and innate‐like T cells are directly recruited to and activated in tumors following their differentiation in primary lymphoid organs; or priming‐dependent, in which conventional adaptive T cells are first primed by cognate antigens in secondary lymphoid organs before homing to and reactivated in tumors. While priming‐dependent cancer immunity has been a focus of cancer immunology research for decades, in part due to historical preconception of cancer theory and tumor model choice as well as clinical success of conventional adaptive T cell‐directed therapeutic programs, recent studies have revealed that pre‐wired cancer immunity mediated by tissue‐resident type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) and killer innate‐like T cells (ILTCKs) is an integral component of the cancer immunosurveillance process. Herein we review the distinct ontogenies and cancer‐sensing mechanisms of ILC1s and ILTCKs in murine genetic cancer models as well as the conspicuously conserved responses in human malignancies. How ILC1s and ILTCKs may be targeted to broaden the scope of cancer immunotherapy beyond conventional adaptive T cells is also discussed.
New Learning Environments in Design and Craft Education – Acknowledging the Learning of Design Literacy
Authors: Hofverberg Hanna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to contribute to the concept of design literacy by exploring what it means to learn design literacy through making. To support my argumentation, I draw on a case study where I followed two student teachers of design and craft as they learned design literacy through woodworking. Due to Covid‐19, the learning environment was located at the students' homes rather than the design and craft studio at the university. Two research questions guide the case study: What stories does the student recall from learning woodworking and what do these stories provide that are relevant for learning design literacy? Three ‘making’ stories are presented from the case study: (1) Making with the unknown, (2) Making alone educationally, and (3) The affective and embodied making. These stories provide numerous making skills that are relevant when teaching and learning for design literacy, which is further discussed in the paper.
ApoE4 dysregulation incites depressive symptoms and mitochondrial impairments in mice
Authors: Li Weifen , Ali Tahir , He Kaiwu , Zheng Chengyou , Li Ningning , Yu Zhi‐Jian , Li Shupeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractApolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is involved in the stress‐response processes and is hypothesized to be a risk factor for depression by means of mitochondrial dysfunction. However, their exact roles and underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. ApoE4 transgenic mice (B6. Cg‐ApoEtm1UncCdh18Tg(GFAP−APOE i4)1Hol/J) were subjected to stress (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) to elucidate the aetiology of ApoE4‐induced depression. LPS treatment significantly aggravated depression‐like behaviours, concurrent with neuroinflammation and impaired mitochondrial changes, and melatonin/Urolithin A (UA) + 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranoside (AICAR) reversed these effects in ApoE4 mice. Concurrently, ApoE4 mice exhibited mitophagy deficits, which could be further exacerbated by LPS stimulation, as demonstrated by reduced Atg5, Beclin‐1 and Parkin levels, while PINK1 levels were increased. However, these changes were reversed by melatonin treatment. Additionally, proteomic profiling suggested mitochondria‐related signalling and network changes in ApoE4 mice, which may underlie the exaggerated response to LPS. Furthermore, HEK 293T cells transfected with ApoE4 showed mitochondria‐associated protein and mitophagy defects, including PGC‐1α, TFAM, p‐AMPKα, PINK1 and LC3B impairments. Additionally, it aggravates mitochondrial impairment (particularly mitophagy), which can be attenuated by triggering autophagy. Collectively, ApoE4 dysregulation enhanced depressive behaviour upon LPS stimulation.
Retinoic acid induced specific changes in the phosphoproteome of C17.2 neural stem cells
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Ge Lite , Xie Huali , Liu Xiaoqian , Xun Chengfeng , Chen Yan , Chen Haiyan , Lu Ming , Chen Ping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A derivative, is an effective cell differentiating factor which plays critical roles in neuronal differentiation induction and the production of neurotransmitters in neurons. However, the specific changes in phosphorylation levels and downstream signalling pathways associated with RA remain unclear. This study employed qualitative and quantitative phosphoproteomics approaches based on mass spectrometry to investigate the phosphorylation changes induced by RA in C17.2 neural stem cells (NSCs). Dimethyl labelling, in conjunction with TiO2 phosphopeptide enrichment, was utilized to profile the phosphoproteome of self‐renewing and RA‐induced differentiated cells in C17.2 NSCs. The results of our study revealed that, qualitatively, 230 and 14 phosphoproteins were exclusively identified in the self‐renewal and RA‐induced groups respectively. Quantitatively, we successfully identified and quantified 177 unique phosphoproteins, among which 70 exhibited differential phosphorylation levels. Analysis of conserved phosphorylation motifs demonstrated enrichment of motifs corresponding to cyclin‐dependent kinase and MAPK in the RA‐induced group. Additionally, through a comprehensive literature and database survey, we found that the differentially expressed proteins were associated with the Wnt/β‐catenin and Hippo signalling pathways. This work sheds light on the changes in phosphorylation levels induced by RA in C17.2 NSCs, thereby expanding our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying RA‐induced neuronal differentiation.
CircRNA LOC729852 promotes bladder cancer progression by regulating macrophage polarization and recruitment via the miR‐769‐5p/IL‐10 axis
Authors: Dong Changming , Hui Pengyu , Wu Zhengqi , Li Jianfeng , Man Xiaojun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) function as tumour promoters or suppressors in bladder cancer (BLCA) by regulating genes involved in macrophage recruitment and polarization. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the biological role of circLOC729852 in BLCA. CircLOC729852 was upregulated in BLCA tissues and correlated with increased proliferation, migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of BCLA cells. MiR‐769‐5p was identified as a target for circLOC729852, which can upregulate IL‐10 expression by directly binding to and suppressing miR‐769‐5p. Furthermore, our results indicated that the circLOC729852/miR‐769‐5p/IL‐10 axis modulates autophagy signalling in BLCA cells and promotes the recruitment and M2 polarization of TAMs by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. In addition, circLOC729852 also promoted the growth of BLCA xenografts and M2 macrophage infiltration in vivo. Thus, circLOC729852 functions as an oncogene in BLCA by inducing secretion of IL‐10 by the M2 TAMs, which then facilitates tumour cell growth and migration. Taken together, circLOC729852 is a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for BLCA.
UVR8‐TCP4‐LOX2 module regulates UV‐B tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Cheng , Du Jiancan , Xu Huini , Feng Zhenhua , Chater Caspar C. C. , Duan Yuanwen , Yang Yongping , Sun Xudong 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThe phytohormone jasmonate (JA) coordinates stress and growth responses to increase plant survival in unfavorable environments. Although JA can enhance plant UV‐B stress tolerance, the mechanisms underlying the interaction of UV‐B and JA in this response remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 ‐ TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, Cycloidea and PCF 4 ‐ LIPOXYGENASE2 (UVR8‐TCP4‐LOX2) module regulates UV‐B tolerance dependent on JA signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that the nucleus‐localized UVR8 physically interacts with TCP4 to increase the DNA‐binding activity of TCP4 and upregulate the JA biosynthesis gene LOX2. Furthermore, UVR8 activates the expression of LOX2 in a TCP4‐dependent manner. Our genetic analysis also provides evidence that TCP4 acts downstream of UVR8 and upstream of LOX2 to mediate plant responses to UV‐B stress. Our results illustrate that the UV‐B‐dependent interaction of UVR8 and TCP4 serves as an important UVR8‐TCP4‐LOX2 module, which integrates UV‐B radiation and JA signaling and represents a new UVR8 signaling mechanism in plants.
The emerging neuroimmune hypothesis of bipolar disorder: An updated overview of neuroimmune and microglial findings
Authors: Chaves‐Filho Adriano , Eyres Capri , Blöbaum Leonie , Landwehr Antonia , Tremblay Marie‐Ève 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and multifactorial disease, with onset usually in young adulthood, which follows a progressive course throughout life. Replicated epidemiological studies have suggested inflammatory mechanisms and neuroimmune risk factors as primary contributors to the onset and development of BD. While not all patients display overt markers of inflammation, significant evidence suggests that aberrant immune signaling contributes to all stages of the disease and seems to be mood phase dependent, likely explaining the heterogeneity of findings observed in this population. As the brain's immune cells, microglia orchestrate the brain's immune response and play a critical role in maintaining the brain's health across the lifespan. Microglia are also highly sensitive to environmental changes and respond to physiological and pathological events by adapting their functions, structure, and molecular expression. Recently, it has been highlighted that instead of a single population of cells, microglia comprise a heterogeneous community with specialized states adjusted according to the local molecular cues and intercellular interactions. Early evidence has highlighted the contribution of microglia to BD neuropathology, notably for severe outcomes, such as suicidality. However, the roles and diversity of microglial states in this disease are still largely undermined. This review brings an updated overview of current literature on the contribution of neuroimmune risk factors for the onset and progression of BD, the most prominent neuroimmune abnormalities (including biomarker, neuroimaging, ex vivo studies) and the most recent findings of microglial involvement in BD neuropathology. Combining these different shreds of evidence, we aim to propose a unifying hypothesis for BD pathophysiology centered on neuroimmune abnormalities and microglia. Also, we highlight the urgent need to apply novel multi‐system biology approaches to characterize the diversity of microglial states and functions involved in this enigmatic disorder, which can open bright perspectives for novel biomarkers and therapeutic discoveries.image
Post‐acute COVID‐19 syndrome in previously hospitalized patients
Authors: Eo Yoonsoo , Chang Sun Ju 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionWith the prolongation of the COVID‐19 pandemic, more individuals are experiencing sequelae after COVID‐19 infection, also known as post‐acute COVID‐19 syndrome (PCS). The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence and characteristics of PCS symptoms such as fatigue, anxiety, and depression and to compare these symptoms according to participant characteristics in patients who had been previously hospitalized due to COVID‐19.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional study design was used.MethodsWe included 114 individuals who had been hospitalized for COVID‐19 and were discharged from the hospital at least 4 weeks before. Symptoms were assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale, the Hospital Anxiety‐Depression Scale, and the PCS symptom questionnaire developed by the authors. We used descriptive statistics, the Student's t‐test, the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test, and the Kruskal–Wallis test for statistical analyses.ResultsThe most prevalent symptoms were anxiety (66.7%), fatigue (64.0%), headache (57.9%), and concentration or memory difficulties (57.9%). Concentration or memory difficulties and sleep disturbances had the highest mean frequency. Concentration or memory difficulties were rated with the highest mean severity, and cough, loss of taste, and muscle and joint pain had the highest mean distress scores. Female participants, individuals hospitalized for more than 2 weeks, individuals discharged more than 9 months ago, unvaccinated patients, and those who tried at least one symptom relief method reported higher symptom distress.ConclusionThe findings of this investigation into the frequency, severity, and distress of symptoms shed light on the identification of post‐COVID symptoms in detail. To objectively evaluate and comprehend the symptom trajectories of PCS, prospective studies about the development of symptom assessment tools and studies with a longitudinal design should be conducted.Clinical RelevanceA substantial number of respondents reported numerous symptoms and expressed symptom distress; therefore, the development of nursing interventions and treatments to alleviate PCS symptoms is crucial.
Augmented‐reality‐assisted intraoral scanning: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Song Seung Jun , Tang Madison , Gwartzman Brynn , Lee Derek , Romandini Pierluigi , Salem Maurice , Kwon Patrick , Feiner Steven K. , Sailer Irena 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aims of the present study were (a) to compare the scanning time and image count to complete optical scans of a typodont between augmented‐reality‐assisted intraoral scanning (ARIOS) and intraoral scanning (IOS); (b) to compare the accuracy of the digital casts derived from ARIOS and IOS; (c) to compare participant‐related outcomes between ARIOS and IOS.Materials and MethodsA multi‐session within‐subject experiment was conducted to compare ARIOS and IOS. Thirty‐one dental students participated in the study. Following a trial session, each participant obtained optical scans under ARIOS and IOS conditions. The time required to complete the scan, and the number of images taken were recorded. Participant feedback was collected using entry, exit, and NASA‐Task Load Index (TLX) surveys. The accuracy of the digital casts derived from the optical scans was measured in root mean square error (RMSE).ResultsThe present study found a 6.8% increase in preference for ARIOS from entry to exit survey. Slightly more participants favored the ARIOS setup compared to IOS; 54.8% of participants favored ARIOS, 9.7% were indifferent, and 35.5% favored IOS. NASA‐TLX subscale ratings were higher for IOS in general apart from mental demand. The accuracy of the digital casts between ARIOS and IOS was comparable in RMSE.ConclusionARIOS was advantageous compared to IOS in ergonomics, improved scanner tracking, and ease of scanner orientation. However additional trials, increased field of view, and better superimposition of scanning status to the target site were improvements desired by the study participants.
Maxillomandibular relationship and virtual facebow integration in complete‐arch intraoral implant scan: A novel clinical technique
Authors: Nuytens Philippe , Grande Francesco , Li Junying , Lepidi Luca 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis clinical report introduces a novel clinical technique to create a 3D virtual patient for transferring the edentulous maxillary arch position with maxillomandibular relationship by using a facial scan device and an intraoral scanner and omitting CBCT imaging.
Nursing staff adherence to guidelines on nutritional management for critically ill patients with cancer: A service evaluation
Authors: Parsons Marie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundCritically ill patients with cancer are at high risk of developing malnutrition, negatively affecting their outcome.AimTo critically analyse nursing staff's adherence to nutrition management guidelines for critically unwell patients with cancer and identify barriers which prevent this. Two areas of nutrition management were evaluated: early initiation (<48 h from admission) of enteral nutrition (EN) and continuation of EN without interruption.Study DesignA retrospective data analysis was performed on mechanically ventilated adult patients admitted to a single cancer centre. Data from electronic patient records (EPR) were collected. Health care professionals' (HCP) documentation was analysed, and a nursing staff focus group (n = 5) was undertaken.ResultsSixty‐four patient records were included. Early EN was not administered in 67% (n = 43) of cases. The reasons for the three longest interruptions to EN feed were as follows: delays in EN tube insertion, gastric residual volumes (GRVs) less than the recommended feed discontinuation threshold and endotracheal intubation. Four main themes relating to barriers to practice were identified from the focus group data analysis: HCPs' approach towards nutrition management, the patient's physiological condition and stability, multi‐disciplinary team (MDT) communication and guidance on nutrition management, and practical issues with patient care.ConclusionsMulti‐disciplinary communication difficulties, lack of clear guidelines and inadequate awareness of the importance of nutrition for critically ill patients with cancer were barriers identified preventing optimal nutrition management.Relevance to Clinical PracticeNursing education is fundamental to help break down the barriers to practice which prevent critically ill patients from receiving optimal nutrition management.
Genomic and pangenomic analyses provide insights into the population history and genomic diversification of bottle gourd
Authors: Zhao Xuebo , Yu Jingyin , Chanda Bidisha , Zhao Jiantao , Wu Shan , Zheng Yi , Sun Honghe , Levi Amnon , Ling Kai‐Shu , Fei Zhangjun 
Published: March 2024

Summary

Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Strandl.) is an economically important vegetable crop and one of the earliest domesticated crops. However, the population history and genomic diversification of bottle gourd have not been extensively studied.

We generated a comprehensive bottle gourd genome variation map from genome sequences of 197 world‐wide representative accessions, which enables a genome‐wide association study for identifying genomic loci associated with resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic virus, and constructed a bottle gourd pangenome that harbors 1534 protein‐coding genes absent in the reference genome.

Demographic analyses uncover that domesticated bottle gourd originated in Southern Africa c. 12 000 yr ago, and subsequently radiated to the New World via the Atlantic drift and to Eurasia through the efforts of early farmers in the initial Holocene. The identified highly differentiated genomic regions among different bottle gourd populations harbor many genes contributing to their local adaptations such as those related to disease resistance and stress tolerance. Presence/absence variation analysis of genes in the pangenome reveals numerous genes including those involved in abiotic/biotic stress responses that have been under selection during the world‐wide expansion of bottle gourds.

The bottle gourd variation map and pangenome provide valuable resources for future functional studies and genomics‐assisted breeding.
OsKASI‐2 is required for the regulation of unsaturation levels of membrane lipids and chilling tolerance in rice
Authors: Zhang Lin , Wang Siyao , Bai Bin , Chen Yijun , Xiang Zhipan , Chen Chen , Kuang Xuemei , Yang Yuanzhu , Fu Jun , Chen Liangbi , Mao Dandan 
Published: March 2024

SummaryChilling stress has seriously limited the global production and geographical distribution of rice. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with plant responses to chilling stress are less known. In this study, we revealed a member of β‐ketoacyl‐ACP synthase I family (KASI), OsKASI‐2 which confers chilling tolerance in rice. OsKASI‐2 encodes a chloroplast‐localized KASI enzyme mainly expressed in the leaves and anthers of rice and strongly induced by chilling stress. Disruption of OsKASI‐2 led to decreased KAS enzymatic activity and the levels of unsaturated fatty acids, which impairs degree of unsaturation of membrane lipids, thus increased sensitivity to chilling stress in rice. However, the overexpression of OsKASI‐2 significantly improved the chilling tolerance ability in rice. In addition, OsKASI‐2 may regulate ROS metabolism in response to chilling stress. Natural variation of OsKASI‐2 might result in difference in chilling tolerance between indica and japonica accessions, and Hap1 of OsKASI‐2 confers chilling tolerance in rice. Taken together, we suggest OsKASI‐2 is critical for regulating degree of unsaturation of membrane lipids and ROS accumulation for maintenance of membrane structural homeostasis under chilling stress, and provide a potential target gene for improving chilling tolerance of rice.