bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Pegfilgrastim and Darbepoetin Alfa As Hematopoietic Support for Dose-Dense Every-2-Week Adjuvant Breast Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Burstein Harold J. , Parker Leroy M. , Keshaviah Aparna , Doherty Jennifer , Partridge Ann H. , Schapira Lidia , Ryan Paula D. , Younger Jerry , Harris Lyndsay N. , Moy Beverly , Come Steven E. , Schumer Susan T. , Bunnell Craig A. , Haldoupis Margaret , Gelman Rebecca , Winer Eric P. 
Published: November 2005

Purpose Dose-dense, every-2-week adjuvant chemotherapy using doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC; 60/600 mg/m2 every 2 weeks × four cycles) followed by paclitaxel (175 mg/m2 every 2 weeks × four cycles), requiring filgrastim on days 3 through 10 of each cycle has been shown to improve survival compared with every-3-week treatment schedules but is associated with greater risk of RBC transfusion (13%). The role of long-acting hematopoietic growth factors in facilitating every-2-week chemotherapy and minimizing hematologic toxicity has not been established. Patients and Methods Women with stage I to III breast cancer received dose-dense AC → paclitaxel as neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients received pegfilgrastim 6 mg subcutaneous (SQ) on day 2 of each cycle. Darbepoetin alfa was initiated at 200 μg SQ every 2 weeks for hemoglobin ≤ 12 g/dL, and administered thereafter, according to a preplanned algorithm. The primary end points were to evaluate the percentage of patients with febrile neutropenia and the percentage of patients requiring RBC transfusion. Results Among 135 women treated on this single arm study, there were two cases of febrile neutropenia (incidence 1.5%). No patients received RBC transfusion. Darbepoetin alfa therapy was initiated in 92% of patients. The modest leukocytosis seen during paclitaxel cycles was attributable, in part, to corticosteroid premedication. Other toxicity and dose-delivery were similar to dose-dense AC → paclitaxel in Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9741. Conclusion Pegfilgrastim and darbepoetin alfa are effective and safe in facilitating every-2-week AC → paclitaxel, minimizing rates of febrile neutropenia and RBC transfusion.
Epidemiology of Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma: Improvement in Survival After Release of the 1999 WHO Classification of Lung Tumors
Authors: Zell Jason A. , Ou S.-H. Ignatius , Ziogas Argyrios , Anton-Culver Hoda 
Published: November 2005

Purpose Classification changes for bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) by the WHO in May 1999 narrowed its definition. This study was undertaken in an attempt to characterize the impact of these changes on the epidemiology of BAC. Patients and Methods This retrospective study involves data analysis from the population-based Cancer Surveillance Programs of three Southern California counties from 1995 to 2003. BAC cases diagnosed after May 1999 are compared with BAC cases before that time by clinicopathologic variables including survival. Results Incident cases (11,969) of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were analyzed, including 626 cases of BAC (5.2%). Median overall survival (OS) for BAC patients diagnosed after May 1999 (> 53 months) was significantly improved over median OS for BAC patients before May 1999 (32 months; P = .012). This survival benefit remained after adjustment for sex, smoking status, and stage at presentation (hazard ratio for time of diagnosis before May 1999 compared with a diagnosis after May 1999 = 1.43; P = .015). Median OS for non-BAC NSCLC patients diagnosed before May 1999 (9 months) did not differ from the median OS of such patients afterwards (10 months; P = .09). Conclusion This epidemiologic study is the first to demonstrate a survival advantage for BAC patients diagnosed after May 1999 compared with BAC patients diagnosed before this time—a finding that persists after adjustment for sex, smoking status, and stage at presentation. We believe that this observed survival benefit likely reflects changes in the revised 1999 WHO classification.
Randomized, Controlled Trial of Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, and Fluorouracil Versus Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, and Fluorouracil With and Without Tamoxifen for High-Risk, Node-Negative Breast Cancer: Treatment Results of Intergroup Protocol INT-0102
Authors: Hutchins Laura F. , Green Stephanie J. , Ravdin Peter M. , Lew Danika , Martino Silvana , Abeloff Martin , Lyss Alan P. , Allred Craig , Rivkin Saul E. , Osborne C. Kent 
Published: November 2005

Purpose We evaluated the efficacy of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil (CAF) in node-negative breast cancer patients with and without tamoxifen (TAM), overall and by hormone receptor (HR) status. Patients and Methods Node-negative patients identified by tumor size (> 2 cm), negative HR, or high S-phase fraction (n = 2,690) were randomly assigned to CMF, CAF, CMF + TAM (CMFT), or CAF + TAM (CAFT). Cox regression evaluated overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for CAF versus CMF and TAM versus no TAM separately. Two-sided CIs and one-sided P values for planned comparisons were calculated. Results Ten-year estimates indicated that CAF was not significantly better than CMF (P = .13) for the primary outcome of DFS (77% v 75%; HR = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.27). CAF had slightly better OS than CMF (85% v 82%, HR = 1.19 for CMF v CAF; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.43); values were statistically significant in the planned one-sided test (P = .03). Toxicity was greater with CAF and did not increase with TAM. Overall, TAM had no benefit (DFS, P = .16; OS, P = .37), but the TAM effect differed by HR groups. For HR-positive patients, TAM was beneficial (DFS, HR = 1.32 for no TAM v TAM; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.61; P = .003; OS, HR = 1.26; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.61; P = .03), but not for HR-negative patients (DFS, HR = 0.81 for no TAM v TAM; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.03; OS, HR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.05). Conclusion CAF did not improve DFS compared with CMF; there was a slight effect on OS. Given greater toxicity, we cannot conclude CAF to be superior to CMF. TAM is effective in HR-positive disease, but not in HR-negative disease.
Methylisogermabullone isolated from radish roots stimulates small bowel motility via activation of acetylcholinergic receptors
Authors: Jeong Seung Il , Lee Seoul , Choi Bong Kyu , Jung Kyu Yong , Kim Kang Ju , Keum Kyung Soo , Choo Yong Kug 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe have previously reported that extract of radish roots exhibits an increase in gastrointestinal motility through the activation of muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors. Based on the stimulatory activity-guided fractionation on rat ileal segments, this study isolated methylisogermabullone (MIGB, C23H31O5NS, MW 433) from methanol extracts of radish roots. MIGB caused a significant increase of the isolated rat ileal contraction in a concentration-dependent manner (23–693 μm), and the pattern of MIGB-induced ileal contraction was different in the time course to that produced by ACh. The EC50 value of MIGB, to produce 50% maximum ileal contraction, was estimated to be 45.5 μm. MIGB (230 μm)-induced ileal contractions were enhanced by pretreatment of segments with ACh (0.1 μm). Ileal contractions produced by MIGB (230 μm) or ACh (0.1 μm) at submaximal concentration were partially inhibited by pretreatment of hexamethonium (0.1 mm), a ganglionic blocker, whereas they were almost completely abolished by atropine (10 μm). Oral administration of MIGB to mice stimulated the small intestinal transit of charcoal in a dose-dependent manner (10–100 mg kg−1), and MIGB (100 mg kg−1)-induced stimulation of small intestinal transit was significantly attenuated by co-administration of atropine (50 mg kg−1). Taken together, these results demonstrate that MIGB isolated from radish roots stimulates the small bowel motility through the activation of ACh receptors. These findings suggest that MIGB may become a potential regulatory agent for therapeutic intervention in dysfunction of gastrointestinal motility.
A Review of the Effects of Out-Of-Round Wheels on Track and Vehicle Components
Authors: Barke D W , Chiu W K 
Published: November 2005

Out-of-round rollingstock wheels are caused by skidding or spalling of the wheel tread and by dynamic motion of wheels and wheelsets in service. Out-of-round wheels generate impact forces at the wheel-rail interface, which are transferred to train and to track components including rail and both bolted and welded rail joints, prestressed concrete sleepers, ballast, wheels, and bearings. To make a rational decision about removing out-of-round wheels from service, estimation of the damage caused by an individual wheel is required. Previous studies have used analytical and numerical models to illustrate the distribution of impact into track and rolling stock components. These models are compared here. The review details mathematical models and studies of the lives of the earlier-listed components, which would provide a means of determining the damage caused by impacting wheels. In addition, studies have found that impacting wheels increase fuel consumption and increase pass-by noise levels, which are also discussed here. Further study of the effect of impacting wheels on axle bearing lives, parent rail, and bridges would improve this decision-making tool. It is envisaged that these models would be combined to determine the total cost of operating rolling stock with impacting wheels. This could be offset against the cost of wheelset maintenance to determine when an impacting wheel should be reprofiled.
A comparative evaluation of synergistic extraction behaviour of hexavalent uranium with thenoyl tri-fluoro-acetone (HTTA) and 1-phenyl, 3-methyl, 4-benzoyl pyrazolone-5 (HPMBP) using mono-functional and bi-functional neutral donors
Authors: Pai S. A. , Lohithakshan K. V. , Mithapara P. D. , Aggarwal S. K. 
Published: November 2005

SummarySynergistic extraction of hexavalent uranium was studied using acidic extractants HTTA/HPMBP with two different bifunctional neutral donors, DHDECMP and CMPO, from HNO3medium at various fixed temperatures. The equilibrium constants for the organic phase addition reaction (logKs) were correlated with the basicity (Kh) of the neutral donors. The data reported earlier for monofuctional neutral donors (DPSO, TBP, TOPO) were used for the comparison. A linear correlation between logKsand logKhwas observed for U(VI)/HTTA/S (S = neutral donor) system. However, in U(VI)/HPMBP/S system, the observed logKsvalues for bifunctional neutral donors were much lower than those expected from linear correlation. This was attributed to the different mechanisms operative in the synergistic extractioni.e. substitution in the formervs. addition in the latter. These conclusions are also supported by the thermodynamic data obtained in the present studies. Nevertheless, it is seen that bifunctional neutral donors act only as monofunctional with both HTTA and HPMBP.
Transport of Th(IV) and U(VI) through barium silico-phosphate composite membrane using electric field
Authors: Zaki E. E. 
Published: November 2005

Summary
The present paper describes the preparation of a novel barium silico-phosphate filter paper supported membrane. It is based on precipitation reaction of barium silico-phosphate on the outer surface and in the interstices of a filter paper by means of electrodialysis. The main physical and electrical properties of the membrane are given and its electrodialysis behaviour is assessed for Th(IV) and U(VI). The transport of Th(IV) in presence of U(VI) was studied. The cationic fluxes of Th(IV) and U(VI) were found to be 1.2 × 10−8 and 6.5 × 10−9 g eq cm−2 s−1, respectively. Transport of Th(IV) and U(VI) in presence of EDTA was investigated. The cationic flux of U(VI) is found to be 9.8 × 10−9 g eq cm−2 s−1 at a current density of 25 mA/cm2. A comparative study on the electro osmotic effect was carried out using the developed membrane and commercially available Nafion membranes. In this context, different parameters like current density, electrolyte concentration, etc. were investigated. The electro-osmotic permeability coefficient, D
e, of Th(IV) through barium silico-phosphate and Nafion membranes were 6.9 × 10−2 and 1.0 × 10−2 cm3/A s, respectively. It can be concluded that inorganic membranes have very marked electro-osmotic properties unlike their organic counterparts.
Evaluation of the complexation behavior between humic acid and UO22+with fluorescence spectroscopy and its mixture analysis
Authors: Saito T. , Nagasaki S. , Tanaka S. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryThe fluorescence of humic acid (HA) is quenched due to its complexation with UO22+ions, leading to the evolutionary quenched intensity profile (quenching profile) as a function of UO22+concentration. This quenching behavior was investigated using 3-dimensional (3D) and synchronous (SyF) fluorescence spectroscopy. The quenching profile obtained by means of SyF spectroscopy was deconvoluted by SIMPLISMA, which is an interactive self-modeling mixture analysis method. Two sites, which contribute to the fluorescence of HA and whose fluorescence is quenched due to its complexation with UO22+, have been extracted, and the quenching profile was resolved to the fluorescence intensity profiles of these sites and the corresponding spectra. Based on these intensity profiles, the apparent stability constant (logKapp) and the concentration of site (CL) were evaluated for each site, using nonlinear least-squares regression to the Multisite Ryan-Weber Model.
Adsorption studies of zinc ions on barium titanate from aqueous solution
Authors: Guin R. , Das S. K. , Saha S. K. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryAdsorption of Zn(II) ions on barium titanate has been studied as a function of concentration of Zn(II) (1.0 ×−5–5.0 × 10−7M), temperature (281–313 K) and pH (4–8) of the adsorptive solution using65Zn tracer and γ-ray spectroscopy. The adsorption process was found to obey the first order rate law and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm for the range of concentration studied. The uptake increases from 32 to 70% with the increase in dilution (from 1.0 × 10−5to 5.0 × 10−7M). The extent of adsorption also increases with increasing temperature and pH of solution. The activation energy for the process was determined to be 12.3 kJ mol−1. The removal of Zn(II) ions by barium titanate appears to be endothermic and irreversible.
The enrichment of magnesium isotopes by AM15C5 bonded ion exchanger
Authors: Kim D. W. , Kang B. M. 
Published: November 2005

Summary
Magnesium isotope enrichment was investigated by chemical ion exchange with a synthesized 2′-aminomethyl-15-crown-5(AM15C5) bonded Merrifield peptide resin using elution chromatography. The capacity of the novel crown ion exchanger was found to be 2.3 meq/g dry resin. The heavier isotopes of magnesium were enriched in the solution phase, while the lighter isotopes were enriched in the resin phase. The separation factor was determined according to the method of Glueckauf from the elution curve and isotopic assays. The separation factors of 24Mg2+–25Mg2+, 24Mg2+–26Mg2+, and 25Mg2+–26Mg2+ isotope pair fractionations were 1.013, 1.024, and 1.012, respectively.
Fission neutron spectrum averaged cross sections of some threshold reactions on titanium: production feasibility of 45Ti in a nuclear reactor
Authors: Fatima I. , Zaidi Jamshed H. , Qureshi I. H. , Subhani M. S. 
Published: November 2005

Summary
Systematic studies on fission neutron spectrum averaged cross sections of some threshold reactions like (n, 2n), (n, p) and (n, α) on titanium were carried out using the activation technique in combination with radiochemical separations and high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy. Special attention was paid to the formation 45Ti via the 46Ti(n, 2n)45Ti reaction since 45Ti labeled compounds are potentially important radiopharmaceuticals. At a fast flux neutron density of 7.5 × 1013 cm−2 s−1 and using 100% enriched 46Ti target, 8.58 MBq saturation activity of 45Ti per batch can be produced. Due to rather low activity and low specific activity the procedure is not feasible from medical application point of view.
Adsorption of uranium on halloysite
Authors: Kilislioglu A. , Bilgin B. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryAdsorption of uranium (U(VI)) from aqueous solutions on halloysite type clay was studied as a function of amount of adsorbent, initial concentration and pH. The values of adsorption data were fitted to Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) adsorption isotherms. The mean energy of adsorption was calculated as 5.91 kJ/mol from D–R adsorption isotherm. Lagergren and Bangham equation has been used for dynamic modelling of process and the rate constants of adsorption of uranium on halloysite type clay were calculated at 293, 313 and 333 K. In order to explain the mechanism of adsorption reaction, the rate constants were calculated at high and low uranium concentrations. Adsorption reaction was studied at 293, 303, 313, 323 and 333 K for halloysite type clay and also thermodynamic constants have been calculated. The results show that the adsorption reaction was endothermic and more spontaneous at high temperature.
Chromatographic separation of lithium and magnesium isotopes by manganese(IV) oxide
Authors: Kim D. W. , Kim C. S. , Lee N. S. , Ryu H. I. 
Published: November 2005

Summary
Separation of lithium and magnesium isotopes was investigated by chemical ion exchange with a manganese(IV) oxide using an elution chromatography. The capacity of manganese(IV) oxide was 0.5 meq/g. Two molar sodium acetate solution was used as an eluent. The heavier isotopes of lithium and magnesium were enriched in the solution phase, while the lighter isotopes were enriched in the MnO2 phase. The separation factors were determined according to the method of Glueckauf from the elution curves and isotopic assays. The separation factor of lithium isotopes was 1.026. In addition, the separation factors of 24Mg2+–25Mg2+, 24Mg2+–26Mg2+, and 25Mg2+–26Mg2+ isotope pair fractionations were 1.012, 1.022, and 1.011, respectively. The isotope separation system in this work can be explained by the fact that the hydration and isotope mass effects are more significant.
Assessing Self-Renewal and Differentiation in Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines
Authors: Cai Jingli , Chen Jia , Liu Ying , Miura Takumi , Luo Yongquan , Loring Jeanne F. , Freed William J. , Rao Mahendra S. , Zeng Xianmin 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Like other cell populations, undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) express a characteristic set of proteins and mRNA that is unique to the cells regardless of culture conditions, number of passages, and methods of propagation. We sought to identify a small set of markers that would serve as a reliable indicator of the balance of undifferentiated and differentiated cells in hESC populations. Markers of undifferentiated cells should be rapidly downregulated as the cells differentiate to form embryoid bodies (EBs), whereas markers that are absent or low during the undifferentiated state but that are induced as hESCs differentiate could be used to assess the presence of differentiated cells in the cultures. In this paper, we describe a list of markers that reliably distinguish undifferentiated and differentiated cells. An initial list of approximately 150 genes was generated by scanning published massively parallel signature sequencing, expressed sequence tag scan, and microarray datasets. From this list, a subset of 109 genes was selected that included 55 candidate markers of undifferentiated cells, 46 markers of hESC derivatives, four germ cell markers, and four trophoblast markers. Expression of these candidate marker genes was analyzed in undifferentiated hESCs and differentiating EB populations in four different lines by immunocytochemistry, reverse transcription–polymer-ase chain reaction (RT-PCR), microarray analysis, and quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR). We show that qPCR, with as few as 12 selected genes, can reliably distinguish differentiated cells from undifferentiated hESC populations.
Rapid Generation of Stable Transgenic Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Using Modular Lentivectors
Authors: Suter David M. , Cartier Laetitia , Bettiol Esther , Tirefort Diderik , Jaconi Marisa E. , Dubois-Dauphin Michel , Krause Karl-Heinz 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Generation of stable transgenic embryonic stem (ES) cell lines by classic transfection is still a difficult task, requiring time-consuming clonal selection, and hampered by clonal artifacts and gene silencing. Here we describe a novel system that allows construction of lentivectors and generation of stable ES cell lines with &gt; 99% transgene expression within a very short time frame. Rapid insertion of promoters and genes of interest is obtained through a modular recombinational cloning system. Vectors contain central polypurine tract from HIV-1 element and woodchuck hepatitis virus post-transcriptional regulatory element as well as antibiotic resistance to achieve optimal and homogenous transgene expression. We show that the system 1) is functional in mouse and human ES cells, 2) allows the generation of ES cells expressing genes of interest under the control of ubiquitous or tissue-specific promoters, and 3) allows ES cells expressing two constructs through selection with different antibiotics to be obtained. The technology described herein should become a useful tool in stem cell research.
A Three-Dimensional Model to Study the Epigenetic Effects Induced by the Microenvironment of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Postovit Lynne-Marie , Seftor Elisabeth A. , Seftor Richard E.B. , Hendrix Mary J.C. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
New methods of study are necessary to define the homeostatic mechanisms that regulate stem cell properties and to determine the possible epigenetic influence of the stem cell microenvironment on the phenotype of tumor cells. We recently demonstrated that the tumorgenicity of aggressive cutaneous melanoma cells can be abrogated by the zebrafish embryonic microenvironment. We have developed a three-dimensional (3D) model, as a corollary of these findings, that allows melanoma cells to be exposed to the microenvironment of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Using this methodology, we determined that hESC microenvironments can dramatically influence the behavior of aggressive melanoma cells. Specifically, exposure of tumor cells to H1- or HSF-6-hESC matrices induced a melanocyte-like phenotype with the ability to form colonies similar to hESCs. Furthermore, melanoma cells were less invasive after culture on hESC microenvironments. These findings demonstrate the utility of this 3D model for studying the unique factors deposited by hESCs and for investigating the epigenetic effects that stem cell microenvironments may have on tumor progression.