bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring radiographic patterns of the cervical spine, including zygapophyseal joints, in axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Berbel-Arcobé Laura , Benavent Diego , Michelena Xabier , Narváez José Antonio , Nolla Joan Miquel , Juanola Xavier 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe assessment of the cervical spine (CS) in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and its radiographic characteristics, including the zygapophyseal joints (ZJ), may be helpful for an accurate diagnosis, establishing a prognosis and enhancing treatment decisions.ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence and characteristics of CS involvement in patients with axSpA and perform a comparison between groups according to cervical radiographic damage.MethodsPatients who fulfilled the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society classification criteria were included from January 2011 to January 2021. Sociodemographic, clinical, radiographic and treatment variables were gathered. Patients were categorised into ‘CS group’ (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index ≥2 or De Vlam score ≥3 for ZJ) and ‘no CS group’ as controls. ZJ fusion and interobserver reliability in ZJ scoring were analysed.ResultsA total of 340 patients were included, 244 (71.7%) men, with mean age 57±15 years. CS involvement was observed in 181 (53.2%) patients. Patients in the CS group, as compared with no CS group, were predominantly men, older, had a higher body mass index, higher prevalence of smoking, showed higher disease activity, worse functionality and mobility, as well as more structural damage. Sixty-nine patients with CS involvement had ZJ fusion at some level. These patients showed worse mobility and more radiographic damage. Overall, ZJ involvement was observed in 99 patients (29.1%), 20 of whom did not present with vertebral body involvement.ConclusionRadiographic evaluation of CS is relevant in patients with axSpA and should be assessed routinely. Evaluation of the ZJ is particularly significant, as it is related to higher disease activity and worse function.
Assessing the effectiveness of HIV/STI risk communication displays among Melbourne Sexual Health Centre attendees: a cross-sectional, observational and vignette-based study
Authors: Latt Phyu Mon , Soe Nyi Nyi , Fairley Christopher , Xu Xianglong , King Alicia , Rahman Rashidur , Ong Jason J , Phillips Tiffany R , Zhang Lei 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionIncreasing rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) over the past decade underscore the need for early testing and treatment. Communicating HIV/STI risk effectively can promote individuals’ intention to test, which is critical for the prevention and control of HIV/STIs. We aimed to determine which visual displays of risk would be the most likely to increase testing or use of prevention strategies.MethodsA vignette-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with 662 clients (a median age of 30 years (IQR: 25–36), 418 male, 203 female, 41 other genders) at a sexual health clinic in Melbourne, Australia, between February and June 2023. Participants viewed five distinct hypothetical formats, presented in a randomised order, designed to display the same level of high risk for HIV/STIs: icon array, colour-coded risk metre, colour-coded risk bar, detailed text report and guideline recommendation. They reported their perceived risk, concern and intent to test for each risk display. Associations between the format of the risk display and the intention to test for HIV/STI were analysed using logistic regression.ResultsAbout 378 (57%) of participants expressed that the risk metre was the easiest to understand. The risk metre (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.44, 95% CI=1.49 to 4.01) and risk bar (AOR=2.08, CI=1.33 to 3.27) showed the greatest likelihood of testing compared with the detailed text format. The icon array was less impactful (AOR=0.73, CI=0.57 to 0.94). The risk metre also elicited the most concern but was the most preferred and understood. High-risk perception and concern levels were strongly associated with their intention to have an HIV/STI test.ConclusionsDisplaying risk differently affects an individual’s perceived risk of an HIV/STI and influences their intention to test.
New UK palliative medicine consultants: clinical and non-clinical preparedness after higher specialty training
Authors: Hanchanale Sarika , Nwosu Amara Callistus , Boland Jason W 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesHigher specialty trainees are expected to achieve clinical and non-clinical skills during training in preparation for a consultant role. However, evidence from many specialties from different countries suggests that new consultants are less prepared in non-clinical skills. The transition from trainee to a consultant phase can be challenging. The study aims to identify if new UK Palliative Medicine consultants, within 5 years of their appointment, feel prepared in clinical and non-clinical skills after completing specialty training and understand the support available for them.MethodAn online survey, designed using previous literature, was distributed via the Association for Palliative Medicine email and social media. Five-point Likert scales and drop-down options to record preparedness were used. Ethics approval was obtained.ResultsForty-four participants from different UK regions completed the survey; 80% were female. The majority felt very/extremely prepared in audit (84%), clinical skills (71%), interaction with colleagues (70%). Majority moderate preparation was human resources (50%), organisation structure (68%) and leadership (52%). Most were not at all or slightly prepared in financial management (70%) and in complaint management (43%). The majority (75%) reported that departmental colleagues gave the most support in stressful situations but almost 49% did not have formal support.ConclusionNew palliative medicine consultants require support with some non-clinical roles such as management of complaints and finances. This is consistent with findings from other specialties. New consultants would benefit from formal support. Future research could focus on how trainees could be supported to gain more experience in non-clinical domains.
Palliative care screening tools in Japan: cross-sectional utility study
Authors: Minato Mami , Kosaka Shintaro , Higuchi Masaya , Ouchi Kei 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesIn Japan’s ageing society, the utility of US-based and UK-based palliative care screening tools in the inpatient setting is unknown. The purpose of this study is to identify the unmet palliative care needs of patients who are admitted to an acute care hospital using the US-based and UK-based screening tools.MethodsThis single-centre, cross-sectional study included patients who were admitted to an acute care hospital in Tokyo, Japan, from November 2019 to January 2020. We used the Supportive and Palliative Care Indicator Tool and Palliative Care Screening Tool in the Emergency Department among admitted patients.Results126 patients (51.6%) were screened positive in total. Among these patients, the main comorbid conditions were dementia/frailty (85.7%) and neurological disease (50.8%).ConclusionsOne out of every two internal medicine inpatients at acute care hospitals may have palliative care needs. Given the lack of adequate palliative care workforce in Japan, a modified screening tool to capture the most high-risk patients may be necessary.
Effects of a thermal bath and the accelerated motion on collective transitions of two atoms in an entangled state
Authors: Zhou Chenyuan , Zhou Wenting 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTransition rates of a uniformly accelerated atom coupled to a vacuum scalar field are identical with those of one being static in a thermal bath at a temperature proportional to the proper acceleration a, i.e., $$T_U=\frac{a}{2\pi }$$

T
U

=

a

2
π

. We discuss in this paper whether there exists such an equivalence in the electromagnetic field case if more atoms are involved. To be specific, we explore the similarities and distinctions between effects of a thermal bath and those of the uniformly accelerated motion by comparing the transition rates of a two-atom system initially in the symmetric or antisymmetric entangled state [$$|\psi _{\pm }\rangle $$

|

ψ
±

⟩

] in two cases, i.e., two static atoms in a thermal bath [the thermal case] and two atoms uniformly accelerated in vacuum [the acceleration case]. We discover that, for some particular orientations of atomic dipole moments, coherent radiation which happens in the acceleration case never occurs in the thermal case. The rates in the acceleration case with a low acceleration which means a low $$T_U$$

T
U

can be smaller or larger and even equal to their counterparts in the thermal case; while the rates in the acceleration case with a high acceleration which means a high $$T_U$$

T
U

are always much larger than their counterparts in the thermal case. Our results suggest that effects of a thermal bath and those of the uniformly accelerated motion on transition properties of a two-atom system in $$|\psi _{\pm }\rangle $$

|

ψ
±

⟩

are not necessarily distinctive, but can be equivalent if the acceleration is relatively low, depending on the value of the interatomic separation.
On the monodromy of holomorphic differential systems
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Dumitrescu Sorin , Heller Lynn , Heller Sebastian , dos Santos João Pedro 
Published: February 2024

First we survey and explain the strategy of some recent results that construct holomorphic [Formula: see text]-differential systems over some Riemann surfaces [Formula: see text] of genus [Formula: see text], satisfying the condition that the image of the associated monodromy homomorphism is (real) Fuchsian [I. Biswas, S. Dumitrescu, L. Heller and S. Heller, Fuchsian sl[Formula: see text]-systems of compact Riemann surfaces [with an appendix by Takuro Mochizuki], preprint, arXiv:org/abs/2104.04818] or some cocompact Kleinian subgroup [Formula: see text] as in [I. Biswas, S. Dumitrescu, L. Heller and S. Heller, On the existence of holomorphic curves in compact quotients of [Formula: see text], preprint, arXiv:org/abs/2112.03131]. As a consequence, there exist holomorphic maps from [Formula: see text] to the quotient space [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a cocompact lattice, that do not factor through any elliptic curve [I. Biswas, S. Dumitrescu, L. Heller and S. Heller, On the existence of holomorphic curves in compact quotients of [Formula: see text], preprint, arXiv:org/abs/2112.03131]. This answers positively a question of Ghys in [E. Ghys, Déformations des structures complexes sur les espaces homogènes de [Formula: see text], J. Reine Angew. Math. 468 (1995) 113–138]; the question was also raised by Huckleberry and Winkelmann in [A. H. Huckleberry and J. Winkelmann, Subvarieties of parallelizable manifolds, Math. Ann. 295 (1993) 469–483]. Then we prove that when [Formula: see text] is a Riemann surface, a Torelli-type theorem holds for the affine group scheme over [Formula: see text] obtained from the category of holomorphic connections on étale trivial holomorphic bundles. After that, we explain how to compute in a simple way the holonomy of a holomorphic connection on a free vector bundle. Finally, for a compact Kähler manifold [Formula: see text], we investigate the neutral Tannakian category given by the holomorphic connections on étale trivial holomorphic bundles over [Formula: see text]. If [Formula: see text] (respectively, [Formula: see text]) stands for the affine group scheme over [Formula: see text] obtained from the category of connections (respectively, connections on free (trivial) vector bundles), then the natural inclusion produces a morphism [Formula: see text] of Hopf algebras. We present a description of the transpose of [Formula: see text] in terms of the iterated integrals.
Simplicity and tracial weights on non-unital reduced crossed products
Authors: Suzuki Yuhei 
Published: February 2024

We extend theorems of Breuillard–Kalantar–Kennedy–Ozawa on unital reduced crossed products to the non-unital case under mild assumptions. As a result simplicity of [Formula: see text]-algebras is stable under taking reduced crossed products over discrete [Formula: see text]-simple groups, and a similar result for uniqueness of tracial weight. Interestingly, our analysis on tracial weights involves von Neumann algebra theory. Our generalizations have two applications. The first is to locally compact groups. We establish stability results of (non-discrete) [Formula: see text]-simplicity and the unique trace property under discrete group extensions. The second is to the twisted crossed product. Thanks to the Packer–Raeburn theorem, our results lead to (generalizations of) the results of Bryder–Kennedy by a different method.
Vibration, Buckling and Stability Analyses of Spinning Bi-Directional Functionally Graded Conical Shells
Authors: Chen Xiaochao , Gao Qing , Huang Songbing , Chen Kangni , Wu Yiwan 
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates the free vibration, buckling and dynamic stability of spinning bi-directional functional gradient materials (BDFGMs) conical shells. The material properties vary along the thickness and axial direction. The dynamics model is established based on the first-order shear deformation theory and the governing equations and boundary conditions of the conical shell are derived employing Hamilton’s principle. Subsequently, the differential quadrature (DQ) method is employed to discretize the governing equations into an algebraic system of equations for solving and analyzing the free vibration characteristics of the conical shell. The theoretical model’s accuracy and the solution method’s reliability are rigorously verified. The effects of temperature, functional gradient index, and rotation on the vibration characteristics, traveling wave vibration and critical speed of the conical shell in a thermal environment are systematically explored through numerical analysis. The results indicate that both the material gradient index and temperature increase lead to a decrease in the shell’s natural frequency. For the spinning BDFGMs shell, elevated temperature causes the occurrence of trailing wave vibration to advance to the critical speed. Centrifugal force emerges as the primary factor influencing the critical buckling load and unstable region variation of the spinning shell.
Association Between Pharmacy Proximity With Cardiovascular Medication Use and Risk Factor Control in the United States
Authors: Zheutlin Alexander R. , Sharareh Nasser , Guadamuz Jenny S. , Berchie Ransmond O. , Derington Catherine G. , Jacobs Joshua A. , Mondesir Favel L. , Alexander G. Caleb , Levitan Emily B. , Safford Monika , Vos Robert O. , Qato Dima M. , Bress Adam P. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Poor neighborhood‐level access to health care, including community pharmacies, contributes to cardiovascular disparities in the United States. The authors quantified the association between pharmacy proximity, antihypertensive and statin use, and blood pressure (BP) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) among a large, diverse US cohort.

Methods and Results
A cross‐sectional analysis of Black and White participants in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study during 2013 to 2016 was conducted. The authors designated pharmacy proximity by census tract using road network analysis with population‐weighted centroids within a 10‐minute drive time, with 5‐ and 20‐minute sensitivity analyses. Pill bottle review measured medication use, and BP and LDL‐C were assessed using standard methods. Poisson regression was used to quantify the association between pharmacy proximity with medication use and BP control, and linear regression for LDL‐C. Among 16 150 REGARDS participants between 2013 and 2016, 8319 (51.5%) and 8569 (53.1%) had an indication for antihypertensive and statin medication, respectively, and pharmacy proximity data. The authors did not find a consistent association between living in a census tract with higher pharmacy proximity and antihypertensive medication use, BP control, or statin medication use and LDL‐C levels, regardless of whether the area was rural, suburban, or urban. Results were similar among the 5‐ and 20‐minute drive‐time analyses.

Conclusions
Living in a low pharmacy proximity census tract may be associated with antihypertensive and statin medication use, or with BP control and LDL‐C levels. Although, in this US cohort, outcomes were similar for adults living in high or low pharmacy proximity census tracts.
Preventive Interventions to Reduce the Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease in Populations at Risk: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shimanda Panduleni Penipawa , Shumba Tonderai W. , Brunström Mattias , Iipinge Scholastika N. , Söderberg Stefan , Lindholm Lars , Norström Fredrik 
Published: February 2024

Background
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a devastating yet preventable condition that disproportionately affects low‐middle–income countries and indigenous populations in some high‐income countries. Various preventive interventions have been implemented across the globe, but evidence for the effectiveness of these measures in reducing the incidence or prevalence of acute rheumatic fever and RHD is scattered. This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of preventive interventions and identify the strategies used to reduce the burden of RHD.

Methods and Results

A comprehensive search was conducted to identify relevant studies on RHD prevention interventions including interventions for primordial, primary, and secondary prevention. Effectiveness measures for the interventions were gathered when available. The findings indicate that school‐based primary prevention services targeting the early detection and treatment of Group A
Streptococcus
pharyngitis infection with penicillin have the potential to reduce the incidence of Group A
Streptococcus
pharyngitis and acute rheumatic fever. Community‐based programs using various prevention strategies also reduced the burden of RHD. However, there is limited evidence from low‐middle–income countries and a lack of rigorous evaluations reporting the true impact of the interventions. Narrative synthesis was performed, and the methodological quality appraisal was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools.

Conclusions

This systematic review underscores the importance of various preventive interventions in reducing the incidence and burden of Group A
Streptococcus
pharyngitis, acute rheumatic fever, and RHD. Rigorous evaluations and comprehensive analyses of interventions are necessary for guiding effective strategies and informing public health policies to prevent and reduce the burden of these diseases in diverse populations.

Registration

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
; Unique identifier: CRD42020170503.
Monitoring of Remotely Reprogrammable Implantable Loop Recorders With Algorithms to Reduce False‐Positive Alerts
Authors: Neiman Zachary M. , Raitt Merritt H. , Rohrbach Gregory , Dhruva Sanket S. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Implantable loop recorders (ILRs) are increasingly placed for arrhythmia detection. However, historically, ≈75% of ILR alerts are false positives, requiring significant time and effort for adjudication. The LINQII and LUX‐Dx are remotely reprogrammable ILRs with dual‐stage algorithms using artificial intelligence to reduce false positives, but their utility in routine clinical practice has not been studied.

Methods and Results
We identified patients with the LINQII and LUX‐Dx who were monitored by the Veterans Affairs National Cardiac Device Surveillance Program between March and June 2022. ILR programming was customized on the basis of implant indication. All alerts and every 90‐day scheduled transmissions were manually reviewed. ILRs were remotely reprogrammed, as appropriate, after false‐positive alerts or 2 consecutive same‐type alerts, unless there was ongoing clinical need for that alert. Outcomes were total number of transmissions and false positives. We performed medical record review to determine if patients experienced any adverse clinical events, including hospitalization and mortality. Among 117 LINQII patients, there were 239 total alerts, 43 (18.0%) of which were false positives. Among 105 LUX‐Dx patients, there were 300 total alerts, 115 (38.3%) of which were false positives. LINQIIs were reprogrammed 22 times, resulting in a decrease in median alerts/day from 0.13 to 0.03. LUX‐Dx ILRs were reprogrammed 52 times, resulting in a decrease from 0.15 to 0.01 median alerts/day. There were no adverse clinical events that could have been identified by superior or earlier arrhythmia detection.

Conclusions
ILRs with artificial intelligence algorithms and remote reprogramming ability are associated with reduced alert burden because of higher true‐positive rates than prior ILRs, without missing potentially consequential arrhythmias.
Stroke and Risk of Epilepsy: A Danish Nationwide Register-Based Study
Authors: Ebbesen Mads Qvist Buur , Dreier Julie Werenberg , Andersen Grethe , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Christensen Jakob 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Stroke is associated with a risk of epilepsy, but associations with age, sex, stroke type and severity, time trends, and mortality are uncertain. We studied the risk of epilepsy after stroke while accounting for sex, age, stroke types and severity, calendar time, and death.

METHODS:

This was a prospective nationwide register-based, matched cohort study of patients admitted with a validated first stroke in Denmark from April 1, 2004, to December 16, 2018, excluding those with prior epilepsy. Patients with stroke were matched 10:1 on age, sex, and calendar time with reference people without prior epilepsy or stroke. We estimated the cumulative incidence of an epilepsy diagnosis in the Danish National Patient Registry (
International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision
: G40) with death as a competing risk using competing risk regression and estimated adjusted hazard ratios by Cox regression models.

RESULTS:
We identified 101 034 patients with stroke (46.5% female; mean age, 70.4 years) who survived 14 days after stroke along with 1 010 333 matched reference people. Two years after the stroke, the cumulative incidence of epilepsy was 3.0% (95% CI, 2.9–3.2) after ischemic stroke and 8.6% (95% CI, 8.0–9.2) after intracerebral hemorrhage versus 0.7% (95% CI, 0.7–0.7) in the matched references. Compared with the reference population, the 2-year hazard ratio of epilepsy was 21.7 (95% CI, 20.3–23.2) after ischemic stroke and 61.3 (95% CI, 51.1–73.4) after intracerebral hemorrhage. The risk of epilepsy increased with stroke severity; the 2-year cumulative incidence of epilepsy was 10.5% (95% CI, 9.5–11.4) for very severe ischemic stroke and 13.1% (95% CI, 11.1–15.1) after very severe intracerebral hemorrhage.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this population-based study of patients with validated stroke, the absolute and relative risk estimates of poststroke epilepsy were lower compared with previous studies. Reasons for the lower risk estimates include accounting for the high mortality associated with stroke, which had a significant impact on risk especially for severe stroke.