bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ego defensiveness and its relationship to attitudes of registered nurses toward older people
Authors: McCabe Barbara Wharton 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study was designed to simultaneously examine the relationship between select independent variables and attitudes of registered nurses toward older people. Emphasis was placed on exploring the relationship between ego defensiveness and attitudes. Data analysis was based on the responses of 255 registered nurses. The following variables were found to be significantly related to attitudes: ego defensiveness, age, highest level of education, position, close personal relationship with an older person and perception of a relationship with an older person. The findings serve as a cautionary signal that attitudes of registered nurses toward older people may not be as positive as recent literature has indicated.
Employed mothers' concerns about separation from the first‐ and second‐born child
Authors: Pitzer Martha S. , Hock Ellen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effect of birth order on mothers' anxiety about separation from their infants was examined. Forty employed mothers were assessed in 1982 when their first‐borns were 7 months old and again when their second‐borns were 7 months old. Assessment included two measures: an Interview‐Based Rating Scale (IBRS) and the Maternal Separation Anxiety Scale (MSAS). Findings revealed that mothers felt less guilt and anxiety about separation from their second‐borns than they had from their first‐borns at a similar age. They were more positive about the effects of separation on the child; however, their concerns about employment‐related separation did not change.
Preference for information and involvement, information seeking and emotional responses of women undergoing colposcopy
Authors: Barsevick Andrea M. , Johnson Jean E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe relationship of individual differences in preference for information and involvement, information‐seeking behaviors, and emotional reponses was examined in 36 women undergoing colposcopy, a stressful medical procedure. The findings revealed that individual differences in preference for information and behavioral involvement in health care influenced women's information seeking about colposcopy. Women who asked more questions during their clinic visits reported higher preferences for information. Women who sought an information sheet about colposcopy reported higher preference for behavioral involvement in their health care. The findings also revealed that information seeking was associated with the positive emotional response confidence but not with fear or anger/depression.
Factors that contribute to pressure sores in surgical patients
Authors: Kemp Mildred G. , Keithley Joyce K. , Smith David W. , Morreale Barbara 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this prospective study examination was made of whether (a) time on the operating table, (b) proportion of intraoperative diastolic hypotensive episodes, (c) age, (d) preoperative serum albumin, (e) preoperative total protein levels, and (f) preoperative Braden scores could identify those patients who do and do not develop pressure sores during elective surgery. The stratified sample consisted of 125 adult patients. Fifteen patients (12%) developed a total of 23 pressure sores. A discriminant function using time on the operating table, extracorporeal circulation, and age emerged as the best predictor correctly classifying 12 of 15 patients who developed pressure sores and 83 of 110 patients who remained pressure sore free.
A validity study of four empathy instruments
Authors: Layton Janice M. , Wykle May H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe construct validity of four empathy instruments was evaluated through examining group differences and correlations between tests. Subjects were 18 registered nurses (RNs) and 32 nursing assistants (NAs). Instruments used were the Empathy Test (Layton, 1979), the Carkhuff (1969a, 1969b) Empathic Understanding in Interpersonal Processes Scale, the empathy subtest of the Barrett‐Lennard (1962) Relationship Inventory, and LaMonica's (1981) Empathy Construct Rating Scale (ECRS). The first hypothesis, that RNs would score significantly higher than NAs on all empathy measures, was confirmed (p <.0003 to p < .027). The second hypothesis, that the various empathy measures would be positively related, was partially confirmed. The Carkhuff scale was significantly correlated with the ECRS (r=.25, p < .05). The ECRS and the Barrett‐Lennard also were correlated (r=.78, p < .001). Results are interpreted using Barrett‐Lennard's (1981) theory of empathy.
Effect of fabrication temperature on strain‐sensing capacity of polypyrrole‐coated conductive fabrics
Authors: Tsang Joanna , Leung Sarah , Tao Xiao‐ming , Yuen Marcus Chun‐wah , Xue Pu 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTextile strain sensors were made from polypyrrole‐coated stretchable fabrics by a method of screen printing with chemical vapor deposition. The effect of polymerization temperature on the sensing performances was studied. It was found that polymerization at low temperature significantly improved the electrical conductivity, strain sensitivity and environmental stability of the fabric sensors. The conductive fabrics were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, contact angle measurements, particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy. Powders of pure polypyrrole prepared by the same fabrication method were characterized for a better understanding of the polypyrrole coating. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Temperature‐responsive polymers with LCST in the physiological range and their applications in textiles
Authors: Crespy Daniel , Rossi René M 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCurrent academic and industrial research sustains large efforts to synthesize and develop environmentally responsive smart materials. The temperature‐responsive materials with a trigger temperature in the physiological range attract much attention due to their potential biomedical applications. We describe their chemistry and the way to synthesize them, focusing on applications for smart clothing fabrication. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Frontiers in Glycomics; Bioinformatics and Biomarkers in Disease September 11‐13, 2006 Natcher Conference Center, NIH Campus, Bethesda, MD, USA
Authors: Taniguchi Naoyuki , Paulson James C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis is a short summary of a meeting entitled “The Frontiers in Glycomics; Bioinformatics and Biomarkers in Disease” which was jointly organized by the NIH Consortium for Functional Glycomics (CFG), Human Disease Glycomics/Proteome Initiative (HGPI), National Cancer Institute, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and National Center for Research Resources held at the NIH Campus, Bethesda, MD, Natcher Conference Center in September 11‐13, 2006.
Evaluation of angiogenesis in normal and lichen planus skin by CD34 protein immunohistochemistry: Preliminary findings
Authors: Hussein Mahmoud R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAngiogenesis is a critical component of both neoplastic and chronic inflammatory disorders, but whether angiogenesis also occurs in inflammatory skin diseases (such as lichen planus) has yet to be established. This study tests the hypothesis that the development of cutaneous lichen planus is associated with alterations of dermal vascularization (microvessel density, MVD). Thirty cases of cutaneous lichen planus and 40 cases of normal skin were studied. Dermal microvessels were immunostained for CD34 and counted in 10 areas with the highest numbers of microvessels; the mean value represented the final MVD. Compared with normal skin, dermal microvessel density was increased in cutaneous lichen planus [mean, 2.50 (SEM, 0.09) versus 1.39 (SEM, 0.12)]. The microvessel number was higher in the dermal inflammatory infiltrate (intralichenoid infiltrate) and at dermoepidermal junction (below Max‐Josef space) compared with adventitial dermis [mean, 2.50 (SEM, 0.09) versus 1.6 (SEM, 0.10)]. The higher MVD values in cutaneous lichen planus suggest a possible link between angiogenesis, and development of these cutaneous lesions. These results provide a morphological evidence of potent angiogenic activity in cutaneous lichen planus, indicating that the local microvasculature may undergo an intense process of inflammation‐dependent angiogenesis.
The mechanism by which molecules containing the HIV gp41 core-binding motif HXXNPF inhibit HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-mediated syncytium formation
Authors: Huang Jing-He , Yang Heng-Wen , Liu Shuwen , Li Jing , Jiang Shibo , Chen Ying-Hua 
Published: April 2007

The HIV-1 gp41 (glycoprotein 41) core plays a critical role in fusion between the viral and target cell membranes. We previously identified a gp41 core-binding motif, HXXNPF, by screening the phage display peptide libraries. In the present study, we elucidated the mechanism of action of HXXNPF motif-containing molecules of different sizes, including the phage clone L7.8 (a selected positive phage clone), L7.8-g3p* (a 10–kDa fragment of the gene 3 protein) and JCH-4 (a peptide containing 13 residues of L7.8-g3p*), regarding their respective binding abilities to the six-helix bundle and inhibition on syncytium formation at different temperatures. We found that all of the HXXNPF motif-containing molecules could bind to the gp41 core, and that their binding sites may be located in the N-helix domain. L7.8-g3p* and JCH-4 effectively inhibited HIV-1 Env (envelope glycoprotein)-mediated syncytium formation at 37 °C, while the phage clone L7.8 showed no inhibition under the same conditions. However, at suboptimal temperature (31.5 °C), all of these HXXNPF motif-containing molecules were capable of inhibiting syncytium formation. These results suggest that these HXXNPF motif-containing molecules mainly bind to the gp41 core and stop the fusion process mediated by the fusion-active core, resulting in inhibition of HIV-1 fusion and entry. The HXXNPF motif-containing molecules may be used as probes for studying the role of the HIV-1 gp41 core in the late stage of the membrane-fusion process.
What is the true value of a public library?
Authors: McMenemy David 
Published: April 2007

PurposeTo examine the different discourses put forward on how the value of a public library can be measured and question their efficacy.Design/methodology/approachDiscusses some of the methodologies used to evaluate public libraries and offers a viewpoint on the desirability of valuing public libraries from an economic standpoint.FindingsThe paper argues that focussing on the economic value of an institution like the public library runs the risk of demeaning its social and intellectual foundations. Additionally that obsession with issue statistics leads to an incorrect focus for libraries about their potential impact on their community.Practical implicationsThe paper should be of interest to anyone researching the topic of public libraries and how they are perceived, as it offers a viewpoint on how libraries should be valued by society.Originality/valueThe paper offers an alternative viewpoint regarding the effectiveness of some of the mainstream evaluation methods used to justify the value of public libraries.
From the compleat librarian to the InfoLiterate citizen?
Authors: Poulter Alan 
Published: April 2007

PurposeDiscusses the nature of Raymond Irwin's notion of the “compleat librarian” and develops this theme into the present day and the current stat of the library profession.Design/methodology/approachThe article is a literary essay.FindingsThe “compleat librarian” concept is useful as a tool to view the current state of the profession.Practical implicationsThis article would be of interest to anyone interested in the perceptions of librarians of old vs today.Originality/valueNovel view of an old concept.
Factors explaining debt capacity
Authors: Woodruff Gregg S. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide empirical support for micro‐economic theory respecting debt capacity and develop a practically useful model for assessing debt capacity for firms seeking to minimize credit risk and the cost of debt (interest rate).Design/methodology/approachTheoretically important factors explaining the variation in debt capacity are identified and tested, namely: the proportion of property, plant and equipment over total assets, industry group (highlighting asset specificity), sales variability, and the depreciation method. Data were collected from the SEC Disclosure Database. Using the SPSS software, this paper's theoretically based constructs were tested by developing a linear regression model.FindingsThe regression results indicate that the theoretical model explains a statistically significant portion of the variation across firms in the proportion of debt to total assets a firm is willing (and is allowed by the financial market) to carry. However, a major portion of the variation in debt capacity is not explained. Future research can identify and test other factors to develop a better explanatory model.Research limitations/implicationsSubject to the above limitation, the model developed provides a basis for firms to assess their debt capacity. Firm's whose actual debt to asset ratio is less than their debt capacity can borrow more if needed and if additional leverage is justified. Creditors can also use the estimated debt capacity when deciding the terms (including the interest rate) of extending credit. Investors can shy away from companies with very little or no unused debt capacity to reduce their portfolio risk.Originality/valueThis paper's academic and practical contributions, respectively, are to empirically test debt capacity's theoretical constructs and provide a practically useful and theoretically based model for assessing debt capacity by creditors, investors, and the companies.
The quality instinct: how an eye for art can save your business
Authors: Anderson Maxwell 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper was written to help the lay reader understand how learning to look at art can be helpful in learning to evaluate business decisions. The lessons of sorting out the best from the very good in art are directly applicable to decisions in everything from product design to evaluating goods that are designed, manufactured, displayed, or sold.Design/methodology/approachThe approach to honing a “quality instinct” involves developing visual literacy – learning to look at art – and moving on to learning to discern differences in the quality of art objects.FindingsConsumers are growing more visually sophisticated, and it behooves business leaders to be one step ahead of their competitors and their target markets. Visual literacy is achieved through a combination of study and practice. Seeing past the different ways artists tackle the same subject to discover both their intention and your reaction can train you to look at mass‐manufactured goods with a discerning eye.ValueVisual communication cuts across cultures, unlike the spoken word. It's immediate and visceral. Expanding visual literacy is necessary for effective communication in a global marketplace, and gives you an advantage in a market where competitors may come up short. By developing visual literacy from spending time looking at art and learning about it, you'll improve your instincts in making visual judgments – about product design, marketing strategies, business environments, and your company's overall image.
A hybrid one‐then‐two stage algorithm for computationally expensive electromagnetic design optimization
Authors: Hawe Glenn , Sykulski Jan 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a surrogate model‐assisted optimization algorithm which effectively searches for the optimum at the earliest opportunity, avoiding the need for a large initial experimental design, which may be wasteful.Design/methodology/approachThe methodologies of two‐stage and one‐stage selection of points are combined for the first time. After creating a small experimental design, a one‐stage Kriging algorithm is used to search for the optimum for a fixed number of iterations. If it fails to locate the optimum, the points it samples are then used in lieu of a traditional experimental design to initialize a two‐stage algorithm.FindingsThe proposed approach was tested on a mathematical test function. It was found that the optimum could be located, without necessarily constructing an accurate surrogate model first. The algorithm performed well on an electromagnetic design problem, outperforming both a random search and a genetic algorithm, in significantly fewer iterations. The results suggest a new interpretation of surrogate models – merely as tools for constructing a utility function to locate the optimum of an unknown function, as opposed to actual approximations of the unknown function.Research limitations/implicationsThe research was carried out on unconstrained problems only. The findings have implications for modern experimental designs, as the proposed algorithm can often locate the optimum without necessarily constructing an accurate surrogate model.Originality/valueThe two paradigms of one‐stage and two‐stage selection of points in surrogate‐model assisted optimization are combined for the first time. Also, it is believed that this is the first time that the methodology ofone‐stage optimization has been used in optimal electromagnetic design.
An optimizer using the software component paradigm for the optimization of engineering systems
Authors: Delinchant B. , Duret D. , Estrabaut L. , Gerbaud L. , Nguyen Huu H. , Du Peloux B. , Rakotoarison H.L. , Verdiere F. , Wurtz F. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper is a synthesis paper which seeks to discuss an optimisation framework using software components, which is a new emerging paradigm in computer science.Design/methodology/approachThe goal of this paper is to show the efficiency of the software component approach for the implementation of optimisation frameworks for engineering systems in general, and electromagnetic systems in particular.FindingsThis paper highlights the component standard, a generator based on analytical expressions of the system, and an optimization service. References and examples show application in the area of electromagnetic components and systems.Practical implicationsThis paper presents CADES, a framework dedicated to system design, based on optimization needs. The framework is defined with a standard implementing the software component paradigm and a pattern to use it. Indeed, this pattern details how to create and use a component (the model of the device to design).Originality/valueThis paper shows how the new emerging paradigm of software components can be used for building new generations of optimisation environment allowing capitalisation and reuse by combination of software components containing models and optimisation algorithms.
Neuro fuzzy modeling of axial field machines behavior
Authors: Al‐Badi A. , El‐Metwally K. , Gastli A. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to study modeling of the nonlinear behavior of the Torus machine back EMF using an adaptive networks fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The model can be used to study the steady‐state as well as the dynamic performances of the machine operating as a motor or as a generator.Design/methodology/approachUsing the universal approximation capability of fuzzy systems the authors designed an ANFIS network to model the nonlinear behavior of the back EMF of the Torus motor. The ANFIS is trained using an actual set machine measurements data to generate the motor back EMF for different operating conditions.FindingsSimulation results of the ANFIS model of the Torus motor at different loads proved the ability of the algorithm to effectively model the complex electromagnetic behavior of the machine. Such efficient modeling can directly help in improving and optimizing the Torus motor drive system design.Originality/valueIt demonstrates that ANFIS can model the nonlinear behavior of the back EMF of the Torus motor with excellent accuracy.
A compensation‐based method to model PV nodes in backward/forward distribution network analysis
Authors: Augugliaro A. , Dusonchet L. , Favuzza S. , Ippolito M.G. , Riva Sanseverino E. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper proposes to identify a new model of the fixed voltage nodes (PV nodes) for medium voltage distribution systems analysis. The model is used within backward/forward (b/f) analysis method applied to solve radial and weakly meshed systems.Design/methodology/approachThe model is based on the compensation currents method for multi‐port systems which has been extensively used, within b/f analysis methods, to take into account the presence of meshes and PV nodes.FindingsTest results prove the approach to be more efficient and precise than previous methodologies and put into evidence the good performance of the proposed model in terms of speed and convergence properties.Research limitations/implicationsThe model is developed to be used within b/f methodology.Practical implicationsUtilities are quite interested in such items, since the deregulation electricity market in last years has determined an evolution of the medium voltage distribution networks, due to the presence of distributed generation. So it is necessary to take into account and to model in an opportune way the nodes with distributed generators (PV nodes), also in weakly meshed networks, for the load flow analysis.Originality/valueThe paper presents a new model to treat the fixed voltage nodes (PV nodes) for medium voltage distribution networks analysis.
An anti‐spam scheme
Authors: Andrew Alex M. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeTo describe a means of discouraging unsolicited e‐mails or “spam”.Design/methodology/approachThe scheme makes it difficult for web‐scanning techniques to identify and collect e‐mail addresses from web sites.FindingsThe scheme appears to work and has an unexpected extra benefit.Practical implicationsIt is hoped this will mitigate the menace of spam.Originality/valueThe method is thought to be novel.
Integer optimization by α‐dense curves
Authors: Mora G. , Cherruault Y. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeTo use α‐dense curves for solving an optimization problem with constraints involving integer variables.Design/methodology/approachα‐dense curves are curves in Rn depending on a single variable able to approximate a compact K⊂Rn with precision α. It is proposed α‐dense curves allowing to obtain all integer points of a compact domain in Rn. This transformation allows to transform the functional into a new function depending on a single variable. Then we can calculate the global optimum of the functional.FindingsAlienor method invented by Y. Cherruault allows to find global minimum of n‐continuous variables functions. Here, α‐dense curves are extended to problems involving integer variables. The curves pass through all points having integer coordinates and belonging to the compact domain. By this method integer programming (nonlinear) problems arising in operational research have been easily and exactly solved.Originality/valueIt is the first time the technique based on α‐dense curves to optimization problems with integer variables are extended. This approach is totally original and allows to solve very easily and fastly nonlinear optimization problems.