bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Parallel Algorithm for Multiple History-Matched Realizations
Authors: Zubarev D. , Kelkar M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Correct prediction of reservoir performance is an important issue for future reservoir development and exploration planning. This leads to the problem of accurate estimation of the rock and fluid properties used in construction of reservoir model. Usually, prior reservoir models are built by means of geostatistical algorithms and static information obtained from different sources and then adjusted for better production history matching. However, in some cases, static data can be very sparse and insufficient or misleading, for meaningful prior model construction. Under this scenario, adjusting of prior model would lead to a local minimum in automatic history matching algorithms and hence we will obtain results which may not be meaningful.
This paper presents a new methodology for Parallel Production data Processing. It assumes limited prior knowledge about static information and emphasizes the importance of production data.
This methodology begins with several initial models which represent large amount of uncertainty in prior models. The method goes through a process of cyclic parallel adjustment of multiple reservoir models and reliable information gathering for further models improvements. The algorithm seeks common trends developed in the prior models as a result of partial incorporation of production data. Every generation of multiple models is adjusted by means of gradient-based automatic history matching technique. By using common trends gathered from prior models, new set of solutions (alternate realizations) are proposed.
Generalized Changes Map (GCM) is the main source of information in this method. It provides the trend of common changes for all the models and serves as a basis of reliable parameters and spatial relationship selection. GCM captures two types of information: maximum changes occurred in prior model due to integration of production data, and convergence of values towards a common value in multiple models. These parameters form Generalized Distribution Map (GDM) and used as a conditional data for construction of a new generation of models.
Procedures of models adjustment, parameters selection, and models construction are continued till desired level of convergence in objective function is reached. The final product of the process is the multiple realizations which are history matched. The method is validated using some synthetic cases as well as PUNQ S3 model.
New Device for Drilling in Deepwater Under Semisubmersible: ABS unit
Authors: Guo Yongfeng , Ji Shaojun , Ye Aijie 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
There will be a big marketing for drilling in deepwater in the world. But there are few drilling vessels or platforms to suit to drilling in deepwater or super deepwater in international. COSL (China oilfield Services Ltd.) has some semi-submersible platforms and they are only suit to operate lessen to 500 meters of water depth. It become a difficulty for the company how to enter deepwater drilling market in time according to its condition of equipment? COSL noticed a new concept of deepwater drilling from a Norway’s company, and it means that some device might be fabricated, which may be matched with semi-submersible platform to drill in deepwater, operating depth about 500 m to 1500m. The concept name is Artificial Buoyancy Seabed (ABS). Its main principle is to set a tank of buoyancy under 300 m under sea level, which is located the center of bottom of the platform. The device utilizes the buoyancy force of the tank of column to support weight of BOP, so BOP will set in short distance from the face of sea. The result of using the device is that operation in deepwater will be the same as sallow water. It will improve the capability of the semi-submersible if ABS device would be used when drilling, which could increase the depth of water of operation, from 457 m to almost 1500 m in the offshore. It is very difference between shallow and deep sea that devices testing before operating in formal. In shallow sea, the device could be used directly after designed in primary. In contrary, the device of the deepwater will be used through a lot of testing and simulations because it is very expense that cost of operation in a day. The researchers and engineers would guarantee the device should be good properties and performances before it was used in the practice of the offshore. Since June 2004, COSL has carried out a series of item of the researches, experiments, and tests for the device, including to 9 experiments in some institutes in China and Norway, to proven its properties. The work correlative the device had been finished by cooperation both Chinese and Norwegian experts. This paper describes the procedure of work proven. The test in preliminary had been proven that the design of the device is reasonable, and COSL will do the first trial well in South China Sea at the end of 2006 or the beginning of 2007. Fig. 1Principle of concept of ABS
Training—Maximising the Human Asset
Authors: Delve Ken 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Description of Material
The three core areas of Risk Management, Operations, and Health and Safety rely on the identification, development and maintenance of appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes (KSA). These are encapsulated in the Training Matrix, a result of Instructional Systems Design (ISD). This paper examines the concepts of ISD in the creation of an appropriate Training Matrix.

Application
All organisations, especially those with high-risk or technology-centric elements, rely on the efficiency and effectiveness of their personnel – the Human Asset. The required competencies and standards can only be achieved, maintained and assessed through the application of KSA-related ISD. In addition to the KSA, the Training Matrix also provides processes and procedures for:
Through-career development of personnel. Personnel specification to assist recruitment, promotion and retention. Quality assurance through validation. Cost-effectiveness through evaluation.
In an industry that uses contract staff it is essential that the required KSA can be mapped across to the offered KSA; the Training Matrix includes methodologies for this by defining the job performance requirements.

Significance of Subject Matter
Training is at the core of all other activities. Training is resource-heavy (time and money) and it is essential that it is effective and efficient. It is vital that training is relevant and based on a Training Matrix using ISD. Training is the only way to ensure effective Health and Safety and to assist in mitigation of risk. Training ensures maximum development and utilization of that core asset – personnel.
Debottlenecking and Expansion of Upper Zakum GTP Plant at Zadco
Authors: Bhatia Sanjay , Fiaz Muhammed 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Upper Zakum (UZ) long term field development plans in order to achieve higher oil production within a short time frame poses enormous challenges to ZADCO in terms of reservoir management and expansion of its offshore surface facilities.
The produced gas is expected to increase due to higher oil production and anticipated gas breakthrough as a result of ongoing gas injection. ZADCO has initiated the initial phase of its expansion plans with de-bottlenecking and expansion of its gas compression, primary treatment and export pipeline facilities at Upper Zakum Central Complex (UZCC). The project is mainly brown field in nature wherein the optimization and full utilization of available capacity and available footprints are of prime importance. In addition as the total oil production is dependent on the gas handling facilities, the project strategy must ensure minimum interruption of the production during execution of the project.
ZADCO follows Value Assurance Process (VAP) which has different stages. The VAP stages are IDENTIFY, ASSESS, SELECT, DEFINE & EXECUTE.
The UZ GTP Expansion project was initiated in year 2004 and till date IDENTIFY, ASESSS and SELECT stages has been completed. The SELECT stage which is FEED design has commenced this year. The Project is scheduled to be completed by 4 Q 2010.
The project will enhance the current gas handling capacity of 125 MMSCFD to 230 MMSCFD by end of year 2010.
During the SELECT stage conceptual engineering, several studies were carried out through a reputed consultant and other specialist companies.
The following major studies were carried out during the conceptual engineering studies.
1.0 Reliability, Availability & Maintainability (RAM) Study 2.0 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 3.0 Process Study Process Simulations Exchanger Modeling with HTRI / XVib for higher capacity Flare Rationalization Fuel gas system adequacy checks Cooling Water adequacy check Pipeline hydraulic 4.0 Detailed Structural Study 5.0 Electrical System Modeling 6.0 Constructability study by EPC contractor. 7.0 Alternative technology evaluation. 8.0 QRA of UZ GTP plant. 9.0 Identificati of critical tie-in points. 10.0 Project Health, Safety & Environmental Review
Based on the proactive approach, critical issues which are likely to impact the project in future and could lead to production loss or have schedule and cost impact were carried out at an early stage of the project life cycle. This approach has enabled the project team to evaluate and focus on key critical areas during FEED and EPC stages of the project.
The conclusions and findings of the studies carried out during the conceptual stage have increased the stakeholder's confidence in ZADCO achieving the desired objectives and goals.
Strategic-Based Project Organization of Field-Development Activities
Authors: Al Jarwan Ali , Martin Wallace W. (Bill) , Walters John , Smith Richard , Al Kayoumi Qasem , Al Rougha Hamad Bu 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Projected demands for oil and gas in the near term provide E&P companies with confidence to engage in aggressive field development expansions of production capacity over the next 10 years. Upper Zakum is a giant offshore field that has been in production since 1982. The strategic target for further development is to increase plateau production rate by 50% within the next 10 years while maintaining industry-best-practice reservoir management techniques and shareholder's economic guidelines.
Like most existing carbonate fields in the Gulf Region this aggressive rate of field development will encounter challenges related to reservoir management and facility capacity uncertainties. The challenges require both organizational and technological responses in many areas and at multiple levels.
The aggressiveness of strategic production goals demands that the technological and organizational issues be viewed in an integrated way that aligns and focuses competency requirements, work processes and technology implementation with strategic targets. In practice this requires that organizational structure must support the technological requirements for fully integrated multidisciplinary work processes.
The presentation will describe the detailed organizational development processes used by the Upper Zakum Field Development Department and the resulting project-based organization model chosen for implementation.
Maximizing Use of Well Log Acoustic Data To Define Seismic Attributes Leading to Better Development of a Mature Cretaceous Field in Abu Dhabi
Authors: Srivastava Ashok , Chakravorty Sandeep , Malik Kashif , El Wazeer Fathy , Boekholt Martin 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Cretaceous reservoirs are under production in one of the largest Hydrocarbon accumulations in the UAE since 1963, using primary and secondary recovery mechanisms. More than 700 boreholes penetrated the main reservoirs, and an extremely high-quality 3D seismic dataset was recently acquired and processed. Conventional seismic interpretation and analysis, including inversion, was finalized and resulted in new insights in structure, rock and fluid properties.
As the excellent quality of the seismic offers the unique opportunity to study a Middle East Carbonate reservoir after 40 years of production at an unmatched resolution, the goal is to extract even more information regarding fluid types and fluid movement in this field, using advanced seismic methods combined with high-spec well information.
In light of the above, advanced sonic processing for different reservoir zones overlying cap rock and overburden formations up to surface was carried out in eighteen wells. Important rock properties derived from this study were linked to seismic data and VSP information. The key attributes that were obtained from the processing of the acoustic data were Shear Anisotropy, Vp/Vs ratio and Uni-axial compressive strength (UCS). Dispersion analysis was done to verify the source of the shear Anisotropy. All these attributes obtained from the log data serve as key control points for advanced seismic analysis for mapping rock and fluid properties.
The result of the described workflow of using multi-well acoustic attributes is the key input for advanced seismic studies including AVO analysis, azimuthal seismic data analysis and shear-wave studies. The ultimate goal is to allow more accurate reservoir model description for optimisation of the field development and production management.
Identification of Key Fracture Effects on Fluid Flow and Iterative Approach for Effective Permeability Modeling of a Matrix-Dominated Carbonate Reservoir, Offshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Shibasaki Toshiaki , Edwards Ewart , Qotb Mamdouh , Akatsuka Kazuhito 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Modeling effective permeability in carbonate reservoirs is a challenge in many cases, especially in subtly-fractured matrix-property dominated reservoirs, where the presence of tectonic fractures and/or matrix-related high permeability streaks can considerably enhance the effective reservoir permeability. Small-scale faults and fractures, especially when located within ‘layers’, zones or ‘corridors’, can affect water movement in the reservoir: these can be identified from core and image log more readily than from seismic data. Often neglected, diffuse fractures concentrated in stratigraphically predictable ‘fractured layers’ at reservoir-dense contacts can play important roles in fluid flow in such reservoirs.
Permeabilities derived from well test data often do not match with thickness-weighted core permeability averages, therefore, core based permeability values need to be modified to match the well test data, applied according to the fracture susceptibility of the stratigraphic zonation of the reservoirs, which reflects a mechanical layering effect. Different data media are useful in determining the most applicable drivers, with respect to the different fracture styles present (‘fractured layers’, corridors & fault zones), e.g. curvature analysis of 3D seismic derived reservoir surfaces are effective indicators of possible sub-seismic scale fault zones or fold flexure structures, such lineaments defining water movement pathways in the reservoir. Lateral fracture density variation may relate to such reservoir surface attributes as an indirect indication of strain magnitude within the reservoir. Additionally, fracture density on a per foot basis, from core observations, can also represent a fracture contribution of effective permeability in the vertical profile. A conceptual model incorporating all three fracture styles summarizes the non-matrix fluid flow system present.
In this particular example, the characteristics of the reservoir are controlled by both matrix properties and fractures. Achieving realistic effective permeability, by integrating core- and seismic-based fault/fracture information is a complex process that requires successive iterations, which can be both time-consuming and laborious when giant fields are considered. The presentation illustrates an iterative workflow to integrate an existing geological model (i.e. matrix-dominated model) with the core fracture and seismic-based data to construct a reliable effective permeability model for the reservoir that best fits the dynamic data from the field.
Towards an Adco Real-Time Operations Centre (RTOC)
Authors: Gyllensten Asbjorn , Salem Adel , Coleman John , Ali Waheed , Youssef Fahd , Grayson Harold , Ragheb Omai , Russell Rick , Nabawy Sherif , Nair Rejeesh , Kalathingal Paul 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
When ADCO established the RTOC taskforce in July 2003, their vision was to have a center to run rigs like a large scale industrial process on a continuous basis 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The objectives were to utilize new technology for transmitting data from our rigs to drive new ways of working to optimize the drilling process; Geo-steer difficult wells, update 3D Earth Models and visualize well progress in 3D for interactive decision making in Real Time. The feasibility of the RTOC project had to be demonstrated from facilities, staff resources and economic points of view. Commercial options available in the market were studied and a phased approach adopted.
In the first phase a real time data transmission capability was established. Following a Tender the potential vendors were evaluated technically and commercially and by mid 2005 all rigs were connected using Halliburton's INSITE™ software. Real time data transmission for mud logs and Logging While Drilling data from all vendors is now routine. Links have been established to our data evaluation platforms and 3D models.
The second phase focuses on defining software to enhance drilling performance and addressing staff issues related to 24/7 RTOC operation, finding the right balance between contract staff and ADCO staff and defining their training needs. "Intervention Protocols" also have to be agreed to define RTOC authority levels and when to refer to Drilling and Asset Team Management.
The final stage will cover the actual building of the RTOC, with workstations and data visualization screens for each rig in a centralized office lay-out. These new ways of working are expected to impact our business in a number of areas:
Identify potential hazards early. Enhance drilling efficiency with controlled cost. Improve well placement, quality and production capacity. Facilitate multidisciplinary decision making by placing Geoscientists, Drilling Staff, Petroleum Engineers and Service Company experts in one Integrated Team. Leverage manpower skills by having experienced staff cover several rigs. Improve safety by reducing personnel trips to well location. Provide easy access to lessons learned. Reduce cycle time for well proposals. Create an exciting, high profile environment for mentoring new intake staff.
Reservoir Fluid Sampling and Characterization—Key to Efficient Reservoir Management
Authors: Nagarajan N. R. , Honarpour M. M. , Sampath K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Reservoir fluid properties play a key role in the design and optimization of production processes and facilities for efficient reservoir management. Inaccurate and unreliable fluid characterization leads to high uncertainties in in-place hydrocarbon volume estimates, negatively impacting ultimate recovery predictions and hence the asset value. Obtaining reliable PVT properties of reservoir fluids starts with the acquisition of adequate volumes of representative fluid samples followed by PVT data measurement and phase behavior modeling. Subsequent laboratory analysis should be monitored through established quality control procedures to provide high quality data. The fluid characterization methodology should employ best-practice techniques to model fluid behavior as functions of pressure, temperature, and fluid composition. In this paper, we discuss key steps in sampling and fluid characterization for a wide spectrum of fluid types ranging from extra-heavy oils to lighter gas-condensates including complex near-critical fluids. Using several field examples, sampling tool design and procedures for obtaining representative samples are discussed. Laboratory fluid analysis strategies for various fluid types are highlighted with an emphasis on employing quality control and quality assurance procedures. The importance of special PVT tests to capture fluid behavior under different production strategies ranging from simple depletion to complex tertiary recovery is emphasized. Application of recommended fluid modeling techniques such as C7+ characterization and Gibb's energy minimization are demonstrated through field examples.
Study of Methane Solubility in Organic Emulsions Applied to Drilling Fluid Formulation and Well Control
Authors: Monteiro E. N. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The study of the interaction between the formation gas and the drilling fluid during offshore operations is essential to safely and economically drill each phase of the well. The environmental regulatory issues and the peculiar technical aspects involved in deep and ultradeep waters require low toxicity organic drilling fluids. The main objective of this study was to understand the PVT behavior of those fluids by the experimental determination of thermodynamic properties such as: bubble pressure, solubility, specific gravity and formation volume factor of the fluid. Those properties have a direct impact on kick detection and circulation out of the well that should be addressed in well control planning. The experimental data were obtained from a PVT cell pressurized by mercury injection with an operating capacity of 350 °F and 10 kpsia. The gas used was methane and the liquids were n-paraffin emulsions, tested at 158 °F and 194 °F. The influence of the emulsion composition has been analysed and the experimental data for solubility and formation volume factor have been compared with predictions considering the additivity hypothesis.
Remote Well Surveillance at an Adco Field
Authors: Al-Hosani Ameen 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper describes the capability of an oil well surveillance system to perform real time individual well surveillance with minimum costs and modifications to the existing plant. The paper gives an overview of as to a well surveillance system installed at a gathering station can reduce wells downtime and minimize oil production loss.
It also describes the concepts and elements used to integrate a well surviellance system with the existing wells and the hardware designed for the trial. The goal of the trial was to have simple and expandable well surveillance system. While concluding, the overall performance of the system during the trial phase is presented.