bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal improvements in communication and socialization of deaf children with cochlear implants and hearing aids: evidence from parental reports
Authors: Bat‐Chava Yael , Martin Daniela , Kosciw Joseph G. 
Published: November 2005

Background:  Research has shown that the cochlear implant may improve deaf children's speech and communication skills. However, little is known about its effect on children's ability to socialize with hearing peers.Methods:  Using a standardized psychological measure completed by parents and a longitudinal design, this study examined the development of communication, socialization, and daily living skills of children who used hearing aids or cochlear implants for an average of 11 and 6 years, respectively.Results:  Results show that children with cochlear implants, who were more delayed than children with hearing aids at the outset, made significant progress over time. Children with both devices achieved age‐appropriate development after years of hearing aid or cochlear implant use.Conclusions:  The pattern of results suggests that cochlear implants may be effective in improving deaf children's communication and social skills.
The developmental association between eating disorders symptoms and symptoms of depression and anxiety in juvenile twin girls
Authors: Silberg Judy L. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: November 2005

Objective:  We investigated the role of genetic and environmental factors in the developmental association among symptoms of eating disorders, depression, and anxiety syndromes in 8–13‐year‐old and 14–17‐year‐old twin girls.Methods:  Multivariate genetic models were fitted to child‐reported longitudinal symptom data gathered from clinical interview on 408 MZ and 198 DZ female twin pairs from the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioural Development (VTSABD).Results:  Model‐fitting revealed distinct etiological patterns underlying the association among symptoms of eating disorders, depression, overanxious disorder (OAD), and separation anxiety disorder (SAD) during the course of development: 1) a common genetic factor influencing liability to all symptoms – of early and later OAD, depression, SAD, and eating symptoms; 2) a distinct genetic factor specifically indexing liability to early eating disorders symptoms; 3) a shared environmental factor specifically influencing early depression and early eating disorders symptoms; and 4) a common environmental factor affecting liability to symptoms of later eating disorders and both early and later separation anxiety.Conclusions:  These results suggest a pervasive genetic effect that influences liability to symptoms of over‐anxiety, separation anxiety, depression, and eating disorder throughout development, a shared environmental influence on later adolescent eating problems and persistent separation anxiety, genetic influences specific to early eating disorders symptoms, and a shared environmental factor influencing symptoms of early eating and depression.
Insights into the control of attentional set in ADHD using the attentional blink paradigm
Authors: Mason Deanna J. , Humphreys Glyn W. , Kent Lindsey 
Published: November 2005

Background:  Previous work on visual selective attention in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has utilised spatial search paradigms. This study compared ADHD to control children on a temporal search task using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP). In addition, the effects of irrelevant singleton distractors on search performance were examined.Method:  In each condition, subjects reported the identity of a red letter ‘probe’ in a sequence of white letters which appeared one after the other at a central fixation point. The temporal position of the probe varied from an initial target, which was distinguished by surrounding asterisks. The target was reported in addition to the probe in condition 2, but not in the baseline condition 1. In a third condition, the initial target was not reported, but one of the asterisks appeared as a colour singleton on some trials.Results:  All children displayed an ‘attentional blink’ with probe detection reduced when it appeared at close temporal relations relative to the target. This ‘blink’ reduced over time, and there were no group differences in the recovery of performance, although ADHD children made more errors overall. The ADHD group were also more vulnerable than controls to distraction from irrelevant singletons in condition 3.Conclusion:  Although the basic mechanisms of selective attention were not impaired in children with ADHD, these children appeared to require more resources to execute the task and were more vulnerable to distraction by irrelevant singletons, indicating deficits in the maintenance of attentional control.
Spouses’ satisfaction with caregiver support in stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Visser‐Meily J.M. Anne , Post Marcel W.M. , Schepers Vera P.M. , Ketelaar Marjolyn , van Heugten Caroline M. , Lindeman Eline 
Published: November 2005

Objective:  To examine the satisfaction of spouses of stroke patients with the support given to them during clinical rehabilitation and to explore the relationships between satisfaction and characteristics of the support received.Methods:  Spouses of patients with a first‐ever supratentorial stroke were included (n = 194). Satisfaction was measured on a 0–10 scale. Bivariate and multivariate relationships were studied between overall satisfaction score and characteristics of the support provided (number of full days of attendance, participation in caregiver group, discipline providing most support), the spouses (age, gender, family situation, education and employment) and the patients (activity of daily living (ADL) dependency (Functional Independence Measure), length of stay).Results:  The median satisfaction score was 7, and 44% of all spouses scored ≥8 (very satisfied) but 23% were dissatisfied. Spouses’ and patients’ characteristics and satisfaction scores were not associated. Of the support characteristics the number of full days of attendance (p = 0.02), participation in a caregiver group (p = 0.006) and support received from a team member (p = 0.000) were related to satisfaction. No differences in spouses’ satisfaction scores were found between the participating rehabilitation centres. Only 39% of the spouses participated in a caregiver group. The most important reason for not participating in such a group was not being aware of the opportunity to take part in a group (49%). Spouses participating in a group showed more depressive symptoms and had a more severely disabled partner. Caregiver support was primarily given by the nurse and the social worker. One in five spouses indicated not to have been supported at all by the rehabilitation team.Conclusion:  A large proportion of the caregivers were satisfied with the care they had received, although one in four was dissatisfied. Satisfaction was related to support characteristics.
Hyperhemolysis during the evolution of uncomplicated acute painful episodes in patients with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Ballas Samir K. , Marcolina Mary Jane 
Published: November 2005

BACKGROUND: Some patients with sickle cell anemia (SS) experience significant decrease in their hemoglobin (Hb) level and significant increase in reticulocyte count during the progression of uncomplicated acute painful episodes. These changes have been attributed to, but not proven, hyperhemolysis. This study provides evidence of hyperhemolysis in this group of patients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Hospitalized patients who met the above criteria were identified and followed prospectively, and the measures of red blood cell (RBC) survival were determined. The latter included 1) laboratory measures of hemolysis: Hb level, reticulocyte count, nucleated RBC count, RBC distribution width (RDW), total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate transaminase (AST); 2) determination of RBC survival in vivo by the 51Cr method in selected patients; and 3) the determination of the RBC Hb:reticulocyte Hb ratio. Baseline values of these measures were also obtained and compared to the crisis data.RESULTS: During the evolution of the painful episode in the selected patients, there was a significant increase in total bilirubin, LDH, AST, nucleated RBC count, and RDW that are indicative of hyperhemolysis. There was a significant decrease in RBC Hb:reticulocyte Hb and 51Cr RBC survival, which is diagnostic of hyperhemolysis.CONCLUSION: Together, the data indicate that hyperhemolysis occurs during uncomplicated acute painful episodes in some patients with SS. The presence of free plasma Hb, consequent to hyperhemolysis, reduces nitric oxide bioavailability, promotes endothelial dysfunction, and contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension and vasoocclusion.
On Orgasm, Sexual Techniques, and Erotic Perceptions in 18- to 74-Year-Old Swedish Women
Authors: Fugl-Meyer Kerstin S. , Öberg Katarina , Lundberg Per Olov , Lewin Bo , Fugl-Meyer Axel 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To explore, in an age perspective, women's lifetime sexual techniques and the extent to which they had led to orgasm. To relate these techniques and current erotic perceptions to orgasmic function in women sexually active during the last 12 months and to describe the relative impact of orgasmic function/dysfunction on their sexual well-being.

Methods
A nationally representative sample of 18- to 74-year-old women (N = 1,335) participated. Nearly all were heterosexual. Current orgasmic capacity was broadly and subjectively classified into: no, mild, or manifest dysfunction. Sexual techniques and erotic perceptions were recorded together with level of sexual satisfaction.

Results
Generational differences characterized age at first orgasm and intercourse, types and width of sexual repertoire, and also current erotic perceptions, while orgasmic dysfunction and distress caused by it were less age dependent. Likely protectors of good orgasmic function, mainly against manifest dysfunction, were: a relatively early age at first orgasm, a relatively greater repertoire of techniques used—in particular having been caressed manually or orally by partner(s), achievement of orgasm by penile intravaginal movements, attaching importance to sexuality and being relatively easily sexually aroused. In turn, among other aspects of female sexual function women who did not have orgasmic dysfunction or distress were particularly likely to be satisfied with their sexual life.

Conclusion
Besides providing data on matters frequently said to be sensitive this investigation shows that women's generation and with it several long-ranging aspects of women's sexual history and their feelings of being sexual are important indicators of their orgasmic and thereby their overall sexual well-being. When (in clinical practice) establishing treatment strategy for women with orgasmic dysfunction due respect should be given to these factors.
A Qualitative Pilot Study of Islamic Men with Lifelong Premature (Rapid) Ejaculation
Authors: Richardson Daniel , Wood Kate , Goldmeier David 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Premature ejaculation is a common sexual problem in men. Although the etiology is unclear, there is emerging evidence that men from different ethnic backgrounds may be more at risk.

Aim and Objective
The aim of this study was to generate themes and hypotheses around the etiology of premature ejaculation with particular reference to men from Islamic backgrounds.

Methods
This is an explorative qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 10 male volunteers with a clinical diagnosis of premature ejaculation. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed. Transcriptions were then hand-coded and analyzed using grounded theory.

Results
Anxious first sexual experience (with subtheme: fear of being discovered and wanting to finish early); sex before marriage; sex outside of marriage; religion; “stress;” exposure to Western images; living in the United Kingdom; and the subsequent feeling of freedom were themes that emerged from the transcripts.

Conclusions
We have identified factors associated with premature ejaculation in patients with Islamic backgrounds attending our unit. This may have useful therapeutic implications when consulting Islamic men with premature ejaculation.
Activity Pattern of the Trawling Phyllostomid Bat, Macrophyllum macrophyllum, in Panamá1
Authors: Weinbeer Moritz , Meyer Christoph F. J. , Kalko Elisabeth K. V. 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTWe studied activity patterns of long‐legged bats, Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Phyllostomidae), in the Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Panamá, using radio‐telemetry. Activity of four males and five females equipped with radio‐transmitters were monitored for 4–7 entire nights each between April and July 2002. Bats exhibited maximum activity around dusk and high activity during the night. Males and females foraged for equal amounts of time in continuous flight (mean: 7 min, maximum 1 h) with interspersed resting phases (mean: 15 min, maximum 3 h). Activity of M. macrophyllum was sensitive to several factors. Time of emergence and return to day roost were correlated with time of sunset and sunrise, respectively. Maximum bat activity coincided with high abundance of aerial insects. Finally, heavy rain caused bats to reduce or cease flight activity. Direct observations and field video recordings support the assumption that M. macrophyllum employs two distinct foraging modes: trawling of insects from and capture of aerial insects at low heights above water. Combination of foraging modes gives M. macrophyllum high flexibility and efficiency in prey search. Activity, foraging mode, and morphology, which are similar to trawling bats from other families, distinguish M. macrophyllum from all other phyllostomid species and grant it access to open habitat above water, a habitat no other phyllostomid bat has conquered.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Gas Path Diagnostic Schemes
Authors: Mathioudakis K. , Kamboukos Ph. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA variety of methods can be used for the diagnosis of faults in gas path components of gas turbines. Problems that are common for diagnostic method implementation are the choice of measured quantities, choice of health parameters, and choice of operating conditions for data retrieval. The present paper introduces some general principles for evaluation of the effectiveness of different diagnostic schemes. They encompass criteria proposed in past publications, while they offer additional possibilities for assessment of diagnostic effectiveness in various situations. The method is based on the evaluation of the behavior of linear systems, which are a good approximation of the nonlinear ones for small deviations and employs the concept of system condition number to formulate criteria. The determination of limits for this number for establishing system condition criteria and quantification of observability is examined, on the basis of uncertainty propagation. Sample problems evaluated are: maximizing effectiveness of individual component identification from a multiplicity of available measurements, selection of individual operating points for multipoint applications.
The Effect of Water Injection on Multispool Gas Turbine
Behavior
Authors: Meacock A. J. , White A. J. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Background: The injection of water droplets into industrial gas turbines is now commonplace and is central to several proposed advanced cycles. These cycles benefit from the subsequent reduction in compressor work, the increase in turbine work, and (in the case of recuperated cycles) reduction in compressor delivery temperature, which all act to increase the efficiency and power output. An investigation is presented here into the effect such water droplets will have on the operating point and flow characteristics of an aeroderivative gas turbine cycle. Method of Approach: The paper first describes the development of a computer program to study the effects of water injection in multispool industrial gas turbines. The program can operate in two modes: the first uses pre-determined nondimensional wet compressor maps to match the components and is instructive and fast but limited in scope; the second uses the compressor geometries as input and calculates the wet compressor operating conditions as and when required. As a result, it is more computationally demanding, but can cope with a wider range of circumstances. In both cases the compressor characteristics are calculated from a mean-line analysis using suitable loss, deviation and blockage models, coupled with Lagrangian-style droplet evaporation calculations. The program has been applied to a three-spool machine to address issues such as the effects of water injection on power output and overall efficiency, and the off-design nature of the compressor operation. Results: Preliminary results calculated on this basis show similar trends to predictions for single-shaft machines, namely that air mass flow rates and pressure ratios are increased by water injection, and that early stages of the compressor are shifted towards choke and rear stages towards stall. The LP compressor in particular operates at severely off-design conditions. Conclusions: The predicted overall performance of the three-spool machine shows a substantial power boost and a marginal increase in thermal efficiency.
Channel Formation by CarO, the Carbapenem Resistance-Associated Outer Membrane Protein of
Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Siroy Axel , Molle Virginie , Lemaître-Guillier Christelle , Vallenet David , Pestel-Caron Martine , Cozzone Alain J. , Jouenne Thierry , Dé Emmanuelle 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACT

It has been recently shown that resistance to both imipenem and meropenem in multidrug-resistant clinical strains of
Acinetobacter baumannii
is associated with the loss of a heat-modifiable 25/29-kDa outer membrane protein, called CarO. This study aimed to investigate the channel-forming properties of CarO. Mass spectrometry analyses of this protein band detected another 25-kDa protein (called Omp25), together with CarO. Both proteins presented similar physicochemical parameters (
M
w
and pI). We overproduced and purified the two polypeptides as His-tagged recombinant proteins. Circular dichroism analyses demonstrated that the secondary structure of these proteins was mainly a β-strand conformation with spectra typical of porins. We studied the channel-forming properties of proteins by reconstitution into artificial lipid bilayers. In these conditions, CarO induced ion channels with a conductance value of 110 pS in 1 M KCl, whereas the Omp25 protein did not form any channels, despite its suggested porin function. The pores formed by CarO showed a slight cationic selectivity and no voltage closure. No specific imipenem binding site was found in CarO, and this protein would rather form unspecific monomeric channels.
Interaction of Ritonavir-Boosted Tipranavir with Loperamide Does Not Result in Loperamide-Associated Neurologic Side Effects in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Mukwaya Geoffrey , MacGregor Thomas , Hoelscher David , Heming Thomas , Legg Daniel , Kavanaugh Kelli , Johnson Phillip , Sabo John P. , McCallister Scott 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTLoperamide (LOP) is a peripherally acting opioid receptor agonist used for the management of chronic diarrhea through the reduction of gut motility. The lack of central opioid effects is partly due to the efflux activity of the multidrug resistance transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) at the blood-brain barrier. The protease inhibitors are substrates for P-gp and have the potential to cause increased LOP levels in the brain. Because protease inhibitors, including tipranavir (TPV), are often associated with diarrhea, they are commonly used in combination with LOP. The level of respiratory depression, the level of pupil constriction, the pharmacokinetics, and the safety of LOP alone compared with those of LOP-ritonavir (RTV), LOP-TPV, and LOP-TPV-RTV were evaluated in a randomized, open-label, parallel-group study with 24 healthy human immunodeficiency virus type 1-negative adults. Respiratory depression was assessed by determination of the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. Tipranavir-containing regimens (LOP-TPV and LOP-TPV-RTV) caused decreases in the area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity for LOP (51% and 63% decreases, respectively) and its metabolite (72% and 77% decreases, respectively), whereas RTV caused increases in the levels of exposure of LOP (121% increase) and its metabolite (44% increase). In vitro and in vivo data suggest that TPV is a substrate for and an inducer of P-gp activity. The respiratory response to LOP in combination with TPV and/or RTV was not different from that to LOP alone. There was no evidence that LOP had opioid effects in the central nervous system, as measured indirectly by CO2response curves and pupillary response in the presence of TPV and/or RTV.
Efficacy of Orally Administered 2-Substituted Quinolines in Experimental Murine Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniases
Authors: Nakayama Hector , Loiseau Philippe M. , Bories Christian , Torres de Ortiz Susana , Schinini Alicia , Serna Elsa , Rojas de Arias Antonieta , Fakhfakh Mohamed A. , Franck Xavier , Figadère Bruno , Hocquemiller Reynald , Fournet Alain 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACT

We report in this study the in vivo efficacy of nine 2-substituted quinolines on the
Leishmania amazonensis
cutaneous infection murine model and on the
Leishmania infantum
and
Leishmania donovani
visceral infection murine models. In the case of the
L. amazonensis
model, quinolines were administered orally at 25 mg/kg twice daily for 15 days. Quinolines 1, 2, 3, and 7 reduced by 80 to 90% the parasite burdens in the lesion, whereas
N
-methylglucamine antimoniate (Glucantime), administered by subcutaneous injections at 100 mg [28 mg Sb(V)] per kg of body weight daily, reduced the parasite burdens by 98%. In visceral leishmaniasis due to
L. infantum
, mice treated orally at 25 mg/kg daily for 10 days with quinolines 1, 4, 5, and 6 showed a significant reduction of parasite burdens in the liver and spleen. These quinolines were significantly more effective than meglumine antimoniate to reduce the parasite burden in both the liver and spleen. Also, the oral in vivo activity of three quinolines (quinolines 4, 5, and 2-
n
-propylquinoline) were determined against
L. donovani
(LV 9) at 12.5 and 25 mg/kg for 10 days. Their activity was compared with that of miltefosine at 7.5 mg/kg. Miltefosine, 2-
n
-propylquinoline, and quinoline 5 at 12.5 mg/kg significantly reduced the parasite burdens in the liver by 72, 66, and 61%, respectively. From the present study, quinoline 5 is the most promising compound against both cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. The double antileishmanial and antiviral activities of these compounds suggest that this series could be a potential treatment for coinfection of
Leishmania
-human immunodeficiency virus.