bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reliable technique for solving third‐order dispersion equations
Authors: Lesnic D. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeInitial value problems for the one‐dimensional third‐order dispersion equations are investigated using the reliable Adomian decomposition method (ADM).Design/methodology/approachThe solutions are obtained in the form of rapidly convergent power series with elegantly computable terms.FindingsIt was found that the technique is reliable, powerful and promising. It is easier to implement than the separation of variables method. Modifications of the ADM and the noise terms phenomenon are successfully applied for speeding up the convergence of non‐homogeneous equations.Research limitations/implicationsThe method is restricted to initial value problems in which the space variable fills the whole real axis. Modifications are required to deal with initial boundary value problems. Further, the input initial condition is required to be an infinitely differentiable function and obviously, the convergence radius of the decomposition series depends on the input data.Practical implicationsThe method was mainly illustrated for linear partial differential equations occuring in water resources research, but the natural extension of the ADM to solving nonlinear problems is extremely useful in nonlinear studies and soliton theory.Originality/valueThe study undertaken in this paper provides a reliable approach for solving both linear and nonlinear dispersion equations and new explicit or recursively‐based exact solutions are found.
Reconciliation of perception of information granules and granular mappings
Authors: Pedrycz W. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose is to formulate and present algorithms of reconciliation of perception of information granules regarded as fuzzy sets. It also discussed a problem of a multi‐view reconciliation of perception of granular mappings and their reconciliation.Design/methodology/approachIt is realized in the framework of logically‐oriented transformation of the membership functions and mappings.FindingsA suite of optimization techniques is presented and their performance illustrated with the aid of numeric experiments.Practical implicationsAn important step enhancing the development of fuzzy rule‐based systems.Originality/valueThe concept of reconciliation of information granules has been formulated for the first time. The algorithmic setting offers additional practical value.
Numerical solution of the Burgers' equation over geometrically graded mesh
Authors: Dağ İdris , Şahin Ali 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the numerical solution of the Burgers' equation is obtained using the methods of cubic B‐spline collocation and quadratic B‐spline Galerkin over the geometrically graded mesh.Design/methodology/approachThe spatial domain is partitioned into geometrically graded mesh. The finite element methods are constructed within the Galerkin and collocation methods using an expansion of the quadratic and cubic B‐splines as an approximate function, respectively, over this mesh.FindingsWhen the higher errors are observed at near boundaries for shock‐like and travelling wave solutions of the Burgers' equation, accuracy of the defined methods increase by using finer mesh at near this boundary.Originality/valueOver the geometrically graded mesh definitions of the quadratic B‐spline Galerkin and cubic B‐spline collocation are given.
Systems view, emergence and complexity
Authors: Korn J. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeTo describe a view of parts of the world as assemblies with emergent properties constructed from related properties or objects, and the modelling of production of emergent properties arising by chance or design.Design/methodology/approachOne and two place sentences of a homogeneous language are combined in a static state to show a variety of possibilities of new structures. Combinations of such sentences in a dynamic state derived from narratives that show how static states are produced.FindingsUsing Cartesian products and network theory the kind and number of new structures can be calculated. Semantic diagrams exhibit the propagation of dynamic states leading to the use of predicate logic statements as carriers of properties of objects with uncertainties.Research limitations/implicationsThe approach is based on linguistic analysis being able to encapsulate linguistic complexities, expressions of feelings, emotions, etc. in homogeneous language. Interpretation of semantics is restricted to human mind. Research may lead to a science and design of complex systems.Practical implicationsThe method embedded in the approach can be developed into a design aid for managers subject to its passing the test of debate and development of software.Originality/valueThe research has led to a more rigorous approach to the analysis and design of scenarios including those with human activities.
Time‐splitting procedures for the solution of the two‐dimensional transport equation
Authors: Dehghan Mehdi 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe diffusion‐advection phenomena occur in many physical situations such as, the transport of heat in fluids, flow through porous media, the spread of contaminants in fluids and as well as in many other branches of science and engineering. So it is essential to approximate the solution of these kinds of partial differential equations numerically in order to investigate the prediction of the mathematical models, as the exact solutions are usually unavailable.Design/methodology/approachThe difficulties arising in numerical solutions of the transport equation are well known. Hence, the study of transport equation continues to be an active field of research. A number of mathematicians have developed the method of time‐splitting to divide complicated time‐dependent partial differential equations into sets of simpler equations which could then be solved separately by numerical means over fractions of a time‐step. For example, they split large multi‐dimensional equations into a number of simpler one‐dimensional equations each solved separately over a fraction of the time‐step in the so‐called locally one‐dimensional (LOD) method. In the same way, the time‐splitting process can be used to subdivide an equation incorporating several physical processes into a number of simpler equations involving individual physical processes. Thus, instead of applying the one‐dimensional advection‐diffusion equation over one time‐step, it may be split into the pure advection equation and the pure diffusion equation each to be applied over half a time‐step. Known accurate computational procedures of solving the simpler diffusion and advection equations may then be used to solve the advection‐diffusion problem.FindingsIn this paper, several different computational LOD procedures were developed and discussed for solving the two‐dimensional transport equation. These schemes are based on the time‐splitting finite difference approximations.Practical implicationsThe new approach is simple and effective. The results of a numerical experiment are given, and the accuracy are discussed and compared.Originality/valueA comparison of calculations with the results of the conventional finite difference techniques demonstrates the good accuracy of the proposed approach.
Investigation of colour consistency in acrylic sheet products
Authors: Jiang X. , Lin L. , Bai X. , Gu J. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeTo identify the causes to the variation of shade of coloured acrylic sheets from one batch to another and to propose solution to alleviate such a phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachA number of analytical techniques, including spectrophotometric measurement, evaluation of dispersion stability, pigment particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, were employed to assess the degree of colour shade variation, the degree of dispersion and nature of the particles within the acrylic sheet formulations and the acrylic sheet products.FindingsIt was found that the variation of shade of the coloured acrylic sheets from one batch to another was mainly caused by the lack of dispersion stability of the pigment particles concerned over time.Practical implicationsThe investigation found solutions to the variation of shade of the coloured acrylic sheets from one batch to another.Originality/valueColour and colour consistency are a key attribute of the coloured acrylic sheets. Although not frequently encountered, such imperfections were undesirable. The investigation identified the causes to such imperfections and found a way to eliminate such imperfections.
An investigation of the new generic consumer
Authors: Herstein Ram , Tifferet Sigal 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThis research is designed to characterize new generic consumers and assess their willingness to purchase generic brands in non‐generic product categories.Design/methodology/approachA total of 500 generic consumers participated in the study. Participants were customers of two large private chain stores in central Israel, known for their abundance of generic products.Findingsthe paper finds that new generic consumers have a somewhat different profile than that of generic consumers of the 1980s. Furthermore, generic consumers are prepared to purchase generic brands even in categories not defined as generic.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focused on a market characterized by economic instability, which may contribute to strong readiness to purchase generic brands even in product categories not generic by definition. Future research is needed to study the profile of the new generic consumer from the perspective of cultural differences among countries and not within countries.Practical implicationsThe willingness of generic brand marketers and retailers to enter product categories not defined as generic will open new business avenues and a create a relative advantage for them over their competitors, while guaranteeing a larger market segment and an increased volume of sales in the short term.Originality/valueThis research is the only one which has examined generic brand consumers' buying power, on four types of buying behaviors based on the degree of buyer involvement and the degree of differentiation among brands.
Networking a nation: ILL developments in Australia
Authors: Missingham Roxanne 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThis paper sets out to describe developments in Australian libraries and the national interlibrary loan and document delivery systems, in particular the outcomes of the Local Interlending and Document Delivery Administration Systems (LIDDAS) project. Australian libraries have had a highly cooperative approach to resource sharing for many years. ILL (Inter Library Loan) has become increasingly automated since the introduction of the online union catalogue in 1981 and the national interlending system in 1989. In 2004 interoperability was introduced, with 2006 developments in directories completing the national connected system.Design/methodology/approachAnalysis is undertaken of the factors leading to a national approach, use of the automated solution by libraries and trends in use by end users.FindingsRapid and easy access to interlibrary lending has increased significantly through automation of local and national systems. While the overall number of loans and copies has not increased, the speed of delivery and efficiency of ILL has increased significantly.Practical implicationsBy understanding the environment that led to a coordinated approach to automation by libraries in a variety of sectors, and evaluating the outcomes of the technological developments, this paper gives a basis for considering opportunities for future cooperative arrangements.Originality/valueLIDDAS has stood the test of time as a highly original approach to providing access to the resources of the nation's libraries. This paper provides a study of the outcomes of the project, the impact of interlibrary lending in Australia and a cooperative approach between university, state, national and public libraries.
Using podcasts to promote Government documents collections
Authors: Barnes Newkirk 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to provide a model for creating podcasts to promote academic library resources and services, with an emphasis on government documents collections.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes the Mississippi State University (MSU) Libraries' project to develop podcasts that promote the Libraries' numerous resources and programs to the University's students, faculty and staff. Specifically, the paper discusses the Government Documents and Microforms Department's involvement in this project.FindingsThe Government Documents and Microforms Department's three podcast links received a total of 64 hits during the first three months the MSU Libraries' podcasts were available (September 2006‐November 2006). This is in comparison with the 4,318 hits the Department's six major online resources received during the same period.Practical implicationsThis paper will allow academic librarians to gain a basic knowledge of the podcast technology, identify possible resources from their own libraries to advertise via the podcast medium, and learn strategies for creating podcast scripts to promote both government and non‐government information resources.Originality/valueBy subscribing to podcast feeds that describe library resources or events, patrons can learn more about these resources, and receive instruction in how to use them, at their convenience. By promoting the use of government documents in particular, librarians can connect students, faculty and other researchers with information materials that are applicable to a wide range of academic disciplines and to daily life.
GIS and census data: tools for library planning
Authors: Hertel Karen , Sprague Nancy 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThis article seeks to demonstrate a technique for using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to analyze US Census data to better understand potential library users and improve library service planning.Design/methodology/approachA GIS was used to link variables such as age, race, income, and education from the 2000 US Census with service area maps of two proposed branch libraries. Thematic maps were created for each of the census variables to display demographic information about potential library users within a three‐mile radius of the proposed libraries.FindingsThe GIS maps and their associated attribute data enhanced the ability to analyze and compare the demographics of potential users in the two library areas and identify significant differences. The data on age, race, education and income for residents in the two areas were combined with known library use indicators to help plan library services with the potential to attract different populations in the local community.Originality/valueProvides practical information about downloading US Census data into a GIS to be able to present demographic data about potential library users both visually and quantitatively.
New web site, new opportunities
Authors: Kane David , Hegarty Nora 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThis article sets out to describe the background behind WIT Libraries' recently launched new‐look web site: its origins, implementations and long‐term goals, and explain how the library is using a new web content management system to its best advantage, particularly in terms of compliance with web standards and guidelines.Design/methodology/approachThis case study reports on the use of a web content management system to develop the new library web site. It describes the move from an existing site, where the main focus was on visual impact to the new site, which also focuses on providing open and equitable access to information for all users.FindingsConcludes by stating that the new library web site, as managed by the content management system, adheres to accessibility standards, which the old site, managed in a less efficient way, could not maintain.Research limitations/implicationsThe project is still in development. The study provides a short‐term view of one small academic library's experience of implementing a usable and fully accessible web site.Practical implicationsThis account of WIT Libraries' experience of working with a content management system to develop a usable and fully accessible web site is likely to be a useful source of practical information for organisations in similar positions, faced with similar challenges of a comparable scale.Originality/valueOffers practical insights for libraries in similar positions, showing them how successful transference of the library web site to a web content management system can include having excellent compliance with web standards and accessibility guidelines.
Copyright in the networked world: international document delivery
Authors: Seadle Michael 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThis column seeks to look at the case of a long‐standing project to arrange document delivery between US and German libraries. This case represents the broader problem of international document delivery.Design/methodology/approachThe primary methodology is anthropological. The column considers cultural and economic differences and assumptions, as well as differences between the law codes that enable document delivery.FindingsDocument delivery is at least temporarily impossible from Germany to the USA owing to lawsuits and agreements within Germany. The introduction of Digital Rights Management (DRM) software into new agreements may lead to programs with seriously abbreviated rights for users.Originality/valueThe case of US‐German document delivery has particular importance because of the amount of research contact between the two countries and because of the substantial differences in their legal systems and their copyright laws.
Institutional Archives for Research: Experiences and Projects in Open Access
Authors: Giglia Elena 
Published: June 2007

PurposeTo share an important national meeting in Italy that provided an international overview of the Open Access movement to date and how progressive the European commitments have been in mandating OA publishing profiles, and more comprehensively how OA is being practiced in Italy.Design/methodology/approachA summary of the main points of the meeting.FindingsThis Congress included the major themes that brought together the research communities, the libraries and librarians, the scholarly publishing enterprises and highlighted the technologies in place to make OA a viable solution to the scholarly communication problems that currently exist.Originality/valueBy reviewing OA strategies and initiatives in place around the world at different institutions in different countries it is clear that there are ways to lay this groundwork so that long‐term success can be achieved. Lessons learned and best practices in place lead to more articulate and comprehensive ways to approach the ongoing problems to ensure that widespread adoption is close in Italy.
KTH in Sweden: Hosting June Conference on Global Access to Science
Authors: Lager Gunnar 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe 2007 IATUL meeting will be held at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm and this brief introduction to the host institution prepares committed and potential attendees of what they can expect. Design/methodology/approach – Provides a brief outline of what can be expected of the meeting.FindingsA state of the art and very attractive library will greet visitors when they come to the library and to Stockholm to attend what is expected to be a meeting of timely presentations by an international cadre of library professionals and an opportunity to explore Stockholm at probably its finest season.Practical implicationsInteresting professional program awaits attendees in a wonderful setting with many talented colleagues from throughout northern Europe and many other continents. Orginality/value – Provides information of value to information management profesionals.
Reports from the American Library Association Midwinter Meeting: Seattle, Washington, January 18‐22, 2007
Authors: Brown Mitchell , Cox Christopher , Gelfand Julia , Riggs Colby 
Published: June 2007

PurposeTo share information and insights from the American Library Association (ALA) Midwinter Meeting. Several contributors reported on different aspects of this meeting. Design methodology/approach –A report of the conference.FindingsSummary of discussion forums, work of ALA's Divisions, and conference lore.Practical ImplicationsA working meeting to plan for the annual conference in June 2007. This meeting attracts the current leadership of the different divisions in ALA who are holding discussion groups and committee meetings as there are no official programs at Midwinter.Originality/valueConference reports on many current trends in scholarly communication issues to information professionals in academia, access, and intellectual property issues related to a range of library environments and the state of the art in technology.
Beyond Library Literature: Getting Great Ideas from Outside “Libraryland”
Authors: Fifarek Aimee 
Published: June 2007

PurposeTo remind readers that there are many established and new sources, some by subscription and others free on the net that chronicle information relevant to technology, automation, IT broadly and include new forms of media such as blogs and other means of interacting with readers. These sources are now increasingly mainstream and where major changes are announced and trends established.FindingsReadership is changing from the news media to the mentioned sources in this piece. A wide variety of journalistic styles combining science and business with technical savvy are what many of the current online and print publications now promise. Practical implications – Information comes in different forms and readers have many choices today to study almost anything they want.Originality/valueThis brief article introduces readers to a range of those publications and encourages people who want to be in the know to read widely.
Negative impacts of minimum wage and anti sweatshop legislation
Authors: Greene Zoë , Henry Sally , Nathanson Coby , Block Walter 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe paper aims to combat economic illiteracy concerning poverty, minimum wages, sweatshops and working conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe objectives were achieved by (among others) making a proper economic analysis of the unemployment effects of minimum wage laws. The main method(s) used for the research are empirical and theoretical.FindingsThe results point to laissez‐faire capitalism as the last best hope for the poor, whether in third world countries or in advanced economies. If the minimum wage were ended, and sweat shop conditions allowed to be bargained competitively, the poor would be much better off. Happily, in the nineteenth century, these regulations were not in force, and as a result the advanced economies were allowed to advance.Research limitations/implicationsThe implication of the present research is deregulation in the labor market.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of such a legal change would be lowered unemployment rates, and an improvement in economic welfare on the part of the poor.Originality/valueThe present paper combines an analysis of minimum wages laws and sweatshop working conditions.