bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of high‐speed repetition of pulsed streamer discharge produced by polarity‐reversed traveling wave on NO oxidation
Authors: Matsuda Eiji , Kadowaki Kazunori , Nishimoto Sakae , Kitani Isamu 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis paper describes experimental results of NO removal from a simulated exhausted gas using a barrier‐type plasma reactor subjected to reciprocal traveling wave voltage pulses. A pulse‐forming cable was charged and then grounded at one end without any resistance, so that a traveling wave reciprocated along the cable with a change in its polarity because the traveling wave was negatively reflected at the grounded end. Transient discharge light between point‐plane electrodes with a glass barrier was observed using a gated image‐intensifier. Photographs of the transient discharge light indicated that many streamer channels extended widely in the gap at the initial stage of voltage oscillation, while only an intense discharge channel was observed at the latter stage. NO removal tests were performed using the reciprocal pulse generator and a coaxial plasma reactor with a cylindrical glass barrier. The results indicated that the discharges at the first and second polarity reversals contributed greatly to the oxidation reaction from NO into NO2, whereas the contribution of the subsequent discharges in the latter stage to NO removal was small. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 164(3): 19–26, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20634
Preparation and characterization of electrodeposited in‐doped CdTe semiconductor films
Authors: Nishio Tomoari , Takahashi Makoto , Wada Shinpei , Miyauchi Toshiyuki , Wakita Koichi , Goto Hideo , Sato Shoji , Sakurada Osamu 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn‐doped n‐CdTe thin films have been electrodeposited at −0.35 V versus Ag/AgCl from a nitric acid solution of pH 1 containing 0.05 mol/dm3(M)Cd(NO3)2, 0.5 mM TeO2, and various concentrations of In(NO3)3. Deposited films were annealed at 350°C under N2 flow. The films were characterized with X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and a reflectance meter. The conductivity and the carrier concentration of the films were measured using the van der Pauw method and Hall effect measurement at room temperature. This is the first study to investigate the effect of the In(NO3)3 concentration on the composition, the crystallinity, and the electric properties of In‐doped CdTe films prepared by electrodeposition. The conductivity of the CdTe films linearly increases from 9.3 to 27.4 S/cm and the electron concentration [log(n/cm3)] increases from 3.9×1018 to 2.8×1019cm−3 as the In(NO3)3 concentration rises from 1×10−2 to 1×10−1M. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 164(3): 12– 18, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20673
Titanium Phthalocyanines with Axial Phenylenevinylenes
Authors: Lyubimtsev Alexey , Misir Miraç N. , Calvete Mario , Hanack Michael 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of soluble titanium(IV) phthalocyanines, axially substituted with phenylenevinylenes (PVs) (RxPcTiX), is described. The reaction of peripherally tetra‐ and octasubstituted (phthalocyaninato)titanium oxides (RxPcTiO) 1–3 with chelating PV‐diols 4a–4c leads to the formation of axially substituted RxPcTiX 5–7. All compounds were characterized by IR, UV/Vis, MS, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Pcs 5–7 dissolved in dichloromethane are stable in the dark. The stability of solutions of 5–7 in sunlight depends on the nature of the peripheral substituents in the Pc ring and the chain length of the axial PV substituents.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Titanium‐Salan‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Oxidation of Sulfides and Kinetic Resolution of Sulfoxides with H2O2 as the Oxidant
Authors: Bryliakov Konstantin P. , Talsi Evgenii P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAsymmetric oxidation of sufides to sulfoxides by aqueous hydrogen peroxide with catalysis by titanium‐salan complexes is presented. Optically active sulfoxides have been obtained with good to high enantioselectivities (up to 97 % ee) by a tandem enantioselective oxidation and kinetic resolution procedure, the catalyst performing over 500 turnovers with no loss of enantioselectivity.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Estimation of anthropogenic pollution using a Bayesian contamination model: an application to fractured bedrock groundwater from Han River Watershed, South Korea
Authors: Joo Yongsung , Kim Dalho , Lee Keunbaik , Yun Seong‐Taek , Kim Kyoung‐Ho , Mercante Donald 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIt is well known that groundwater is a valuable but vulnerable natural resource. To set forth a proper strategy for conservation and sustainable use of groundwater resources, we need precise evaluations of the human impact on groundwater quality. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian contamination model that clusters the sampling locations of groundwater into polluted and unpolluted groups and simultaneously estimates the average amount of human impact. Among major dissolved ions in groundwater, NO3−, Ca2+, SO42−, Cl−, and Na+were documented as useful variables describing the hydrochemical characteristics of anthropogenically polluted groundwater. Increased concentrations of these ions indicate that overused agrochemicals (particularly nitrogen fertilizers) and domestic sewage are the most important causes of groundwater pollution to considerable depths in the studied region. Our proposed model can be used to identify effective measures for groundwater quality management such as source control. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Process studies for development of adsorption technology for furfural recovery from waste water
Authors: Nanoti A. , Gupta P. , Dasgupta S. , Garg M.O. , Goswami A.N. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractLube refineries in India are facing pollution problems associated with the occasional loss of furfural from their solvent recovery column bottoms in the extraction plant, which constitute both an economic loss and an environmental hazard. Although earlier studies on furfural removal by adsorption on polymeric resins concentrated on equilibrium and kinetic/breakthrough measurements in small diameter columns in the adsorption, the regeneration of the loaded resin adsorbent has not been given adequate attention. This paper focuses on these issues and also includes studies on larger diameter columns with a view to provide data for design of a pilot scale plant for furfural recovery to be set up in a lube complex. The experimental data from adsorption cycle studies indicate that the resin bed is able to treat 28 bed volumes of furfural laden water bringing down the furfural concentration from 500 ppm to less than 10 ppm. The regeneration data indicate the recovery scheme produces an aqueous stream which contains 3% furfural which has to be taken back to the solvent recovery column in the extraction complex. Adsorption and regeneration data have been simulated respectively by the LDF and diffuse wave model. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2008
Tumor progression of culture‐adapted human embryonic stem cells during long‐term culture
Authors: Yang Sheng , Lin Ge , Tan Yue‐Qiu , Zhou Di , Deng Lei‐Yu , Cheng De‐Hua , Luo Shu‐Wei , Liu Tian‐Cheng , Zhou Xiao‐Ying , Sun Zheng , Xiang Yang , Chen Tian‐Ji , Wen Ji‐Fang , Lu Guang‐Xiu 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHuman embryonic stem cells (hESCs) during long‐term culture acquire chromosomal changes similar to those occurring in tumorigenesis. This was raised concerns about the progression from hESCs to malignant cells. This study aimed to investigate the changes in chromosomes, cell phenotype, and genes in culture‐adapted hESCs to ascertain whether tumorigenic transformation occurred. By cytogenetic analysis we found progressive karyotypic changes from simple to complex in chHES‐3, one of the hESC lines established in our laboratory, during a long‐term suboptimal culture. We further compared chHES‐3 cells at different karyotypic stages in cell surface markers, in vivo differentiation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and gene expression profiles. We found that the karyotypically aberrant chHES‐3 had higher S‐phase fraction in cell cycle distributions and antiapoptosis ability. In vivo differentiation of karyotypically normal chHES‐3 resulted in relatively mature teratoma, whereas karyotypically aberrant chHES‐3 formed immature teratoma (grade III), in which more primary neural epithelium was revealed by pathological analysis. The microarray analysis and real‐time PCR results showed that some oncogenes were upregulated in karyotypically aberrant chHES‐3 cells, whereas the genes related to differentiation were downregulated, and that Wnt signal pathway was activated. In conclusion, chHES‐3 cells underwent deregulation of self‐renewal and dysfunction of related genes in long‐term culture adaptation, leading to malignant transformation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preliminary results of ultrasonic snow depth sensor testing for National Weather Service (NWS) snow measurements in the US
Authors: Ryan Wendy A. , Doesken Nolan J. , Fassnacht Steven R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDuring the 2006–2007 winter season, 17 sites across the US including Alaska tested an automated snow measurement system. This article aims to describe successes and failures of this system and provide insight into data collected this season. The system was designed in collaboration with both Environment Canada and Snow Sensor Study participants during the summer of 2006. This system included three Campbell Scientific SR‐50 sensors oriented 120° from one another and a temperature probe centred in the plot. Data collection efforts were successful with minimal amounts of data missing because of system or sensor failures. The system integrated automated retrieval of data from dataloggers, as well as automated file transfer protocol (FTP) to the study website for data archival and graphical display.Overall, the sensors and installation worked well with only a few problems noted. The sensors compared well with both manual observations taken adjacent to each sensor as well as traditional total snow depth (TSD) on ground measurements. The comparison to depths, taken adjacent to the sensors, allows for investigation of frost heave and indicates periods where the sensors were not functioning properly. The comparison to TSD on ground reveal problems with siting at some locations that are recommended to be remedied by re‐installation or re‐location of those sites prior to the 2007–2008 snow season. These results are preliminary and research will be ongoing for signal processing, snowfall algorithm development and optimal installation in preparation for the 2007–2008 snow season. This research has potential to return important snow observations to national weather service(NWS) observing networks that were discontinued when automation began as well as provide continuous snowpack monitoring to data users. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer of the mouth and pharynx, occupation and exposure to chemical agents in Finland [in 1971–95]
Authors: Tarvainen Laura , Kyyrönen Pentti , Kauppinen Timo , Pukkala Eero 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe objective of this article was to find associations between cancer of the mouth and pharynx, occupation and chemical exposure. A cohort of Finns born between 1906 and 1945 was followed‐up for 46.8 (21.5 in males and 25.3 in females) million person‐years during 1971–95. Incident cases of cancer of the mouth and pharynx (n = 2,708) were identified in a record linkage with the Finnish Cancer Registry. The Census occupations in 1970 were converted to chemical exposures with a job‐exposure matrix (FINJEM). Cumulative exposure (CE) was calculated as the product of prevalence, level and duration of the exposure. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated for each of the 393 occupations, and for CE categories of the 43 chemical agents, using total Finnish population as reference. Relative risks (RR) comparing various CE‐categories with unexposed ones were defined for selected agents by Poisson regression analysis. Elevated SIRs were observed among lawyers, authors, journalists, performing artists, musicians, electronics and telefitters, painters (building), building hands, dockers, unskilled labourers and hotel porters in males and private secretaries, dressmakers, shoemakers and cobblers, waiters, pursers and stewardesses in females. The multivariate analyses showed high RRs for high exposure to aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons, pesticides and alcohol. In conclusion, occupations with high SIRs were mostly the ones with high consumption of alcohol. Exposure to solvents and possibly to pesticides, engine exhaust, textile dust and leather dust may increase the risk of cancer of mouth and pharynx. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dairy products, polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene and colorectal adenoma recurrence
Authors: Hubner Richard A. , Muir Kenneth R. , Liu Jo‐Fen , Logan Richard F.A. , Grainge Matthew J. , Houlston Richard S. ,   and Members of the UKCAP Consortium
Published: May 2008

AbstractVitamin D receptor (VDR) activation inhibits proliferation and angiogenesis in the colorectal epithelium, and inhibits metastasis of colorectal tumors. Polymorphisms in the VDR gene alter receptor cellular levels and functioning, and may confer altered susceptibility to colorectal neoplasia. We aimed to investigate the influence of VDR polymorphisms and dietary factors impacting on vitamin D metabolism on colorectal adenoma (CRA) recurrence. Data on dietary intakes of calcium, vitamin D and dairy products were collected from 853 participants in the United Kingdom Colorectal Adenoma Prevention trial, a randomized trial of aspirin and folate for CRA recurrence prevention. The VDR Cdx2, FokI, BsmI, ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms were genotyped in 546 participants with available DNA, and gene–diet interaction analyses performed in 480. Dairy product intake was inversely related to CRA recurrence risk independent of calcium and vitamin D [relative risk (RR) = 0.64; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.47–0.88, for subjects in the highest compared to lowest intake tertile, ptrend = 0.005]. Milk accounted for 60% of dairy product intake, and on analysis of milk and nonmilk dairy products separately recurrence risk in individuals in the highest tertile of milk intake was half that of lowest tertile individuals (RR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.38–0.72, ptrend = 3.2 × 10−5), whereas nonmilk dairy products did not influence recurrence. VDR polymorphism genotypes and haplotypes did not directly alter recurrence risk, but the reduction in risk associated with high dairy product intake was confined to individuals with ApaI aA/AA genotype (pinteraction = 0.02). These findings indicate dairy products, and in particular milk, have chemopreventive activity against CRA recurrence. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Downregulation of osteopontin contributes to metastasis suppression by breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1
Authors: Hedley Benjamin D. , Welch Danny R. , Allan Alison L. , Al‐Katib Waleed , Dales David W. , Postenka Carl O. , Casey Graham , MacDonald Ian C. , Chambers Ann F. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBreast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) inhibits the ability of multiple human and murine cancer cell lines to metastasize to lymph nodes, bones and lungs. Comparison of mRNA expression in metastatic MDA‐MB‐435 human carcinoma cells (435) and metastasis‐suppressed BRMS1 transfectants (435/BRMS1) showed a marked (>90%) reduction of osteopontin (OPN) mRNA and protein expression in BRMS1‐overexpressing cells. OPN expression is associated with disease progression in patients, with higher levels of OPN produced by cancer cells associated with poorer patient survival. Furthermore, OPN has been suggested to promote survival of cancer cells in response to stress, although the mechanisms by which this may occur remain poorly understood. This study tested the hypothesis that re‐expression of OPN in metastasis‐suppressed 435/BRMS1 cells would reverse metastasis suppression and confer protection from stress‐induced apoptosis. A stable pooled population of OPN overexpressing 435/BRMS1 cells was created (435/BRMS1/OPN). OPN re‐expression did not affect in vitro cell growth rates; however, increased anchorage independent growth/survival and protection from hypoxia‐induced apoptosis was observed (p < 0.05). In vivo, OPN re‐expression in BRMS1 transfected cells did not affect in vivo primary tumor growth but did increase the incidence of spontaneous metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs in mice. These novel findings suggest that OPN downregulation by BRMS1 may be responsible, at least in part, for BRMS1‐mediated metastasis suppression by sensitizing cancer cells to stress induced apoptosis. These studies clarify one mechanism by which BRMS1 can suppress metastasis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced tumor growth in a mouse model of schizophrenia, lacking the dopamine transporter
Authors: Asada Masanori , Ebihara Satoru , Numachi Yohtaro , Okazaki Tatsuma , Yamanda Shinsuke , Ikeda Kazutaka , Yasuda Hiroyasu , Sora Ichiro , Arai Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe incidence of cancer in patients with schizophrenia has been reported to be lower that in the general population. On the other hand, it is well established that patients with schizophrenia have a hyper‐dopaminergic system and dopamine has the ability to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, in order to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the lower cancer risk in schizophrenic patients, we used a mouse model of schizophrenia, which shows hyper‐dopaminergic transmission in the nerve terminals of dopaminergic neurons. Here, we hypothesized that tumor growth was reduced in a mouse model of schizophrenia, lacking the dopamine transporter (DAT), and investigated tumor growth and angiogenesis in DAT knockout mice. The subcutaneous tumor in mice inoculated with cancer cells was smaller in DAT−/− mice than in the wild type (p < 0.05); however, the level of plasma dopamine in DAT−/− mice was lower than that of control littermates. Using human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC), we examined dopamine signaling through dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) and D2R. Dopamine stimulation slightly decreased the surface expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGF‐R2) but induced the phosphorylation of VEGF‐R2 through Src in HUVEC. In addition, DAT−/− mice had less D1R. Both pharmacological and genetic interruption of D1R showed inhibited tumor growth. These results suggest that modulation of the dopaminergic system may contribute to cancer therapy. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nm23‐H1 modulates the activity of the guanine exchange factor Dbl‐1
Authors: Murakami Masanao , Meneses Patricio I. , Knight Jason S. , Lan Ke , Kaul Rajeev , Verma Subhash C. , Robertson Erle S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCytoskeleton rearrangement is necessary for tumor invasion and metastasis. Cellular molecules whose role is to regulate components of the cytoskeletal structure can dictate changes in cellular morphology. One of these molecules is the suppressor of tumor metastasis Nm23‐H1. The level of Nm23‐H1 expression has been linked to the invasiveness and metastatic potential of human cancers including melanoma and breast cancer. In this report, we demonstrate an interaction between the suppressor of tumor metastasis Nm23‐H1, and Dbl‐1, an oncoprotein which is associated with guanine exchange and belongs to a family of Guanine Exchange Factors (GEF). Nm23‐H1 also was shown to bind pDbl which is the proto‐oncoprotein of Dbl. Interestingly, the interaction between Nm23‐H1 and Dbl‐1 rescues the suppression of the cell motility activity Nm23‐H1. Moreover, this interaction results in loss of the ability of the Dbl‐1 oncoprotein to function as a GEF for the critical Rho‐GTPase family member Cdc42. The loss of GTP loading onto Cdc42 resulted in a dramatic reduction in adhesion stimulated ruffles and suggests that Nm23‐H1 can negatively regulate cell migration and tumor metastasis by modulating the activity of Cdc42 through direct interaction with Dbl‐1. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow‐induced shear stresses increase the number of cell–cell contacts within extracellular matrix
Authors: Kong Qingjun , Vazquez Maribel 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe formation of cell–cell contacts within extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential to maintain tissue homeostasis and metabolism, as well as critical toward the cell–ECM mechanotransduction that can affect intracellular organization and intercellular communication to enable cell response to external stimuli. This work illustrates the effects of shear stresses on cell–cell contacts within pre‐stressed collagen ECM that were loaded in two separate conditions of constant flow (CF) and constant elution time (CET). The numbers of cell–cell contacts and cytoplasmic processes in both media and 3D ECM gels were analyzed in order to examine the shear effects of different magnitudes and time periods on 3D cell–ECM formation. The sheared collagen ECM microstructures were imaged and studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to illustrate greater distances between constituent cells when larger shear stresses were applied. And the gap junction Connexin 43 expressed between networked cells that were sheared in short time period using CF loading exhibited more than those using CET loading. Notably, the number of cell–cell contacts increased when larger shear stresses were applied, suggesting these stresses may be used to increase intercellular communication within 3D matrixes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Alginate/poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)/calcium phosphate cement scaffold with oriented pore structure for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Qi Xiaopeng , Ye Jiandong , Wang Yingjun 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn this study, the alginate/calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds with oriented pore structure were fabricated by unidirectional freeze casting and poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) was used to infiltrate into the macropores to strengthen the scaffolds. By modifying the liquid to powder ratio, the porosity and pore size of the alginate/CPC scaffold could be controlled. At the liquid to powder (L/P) ratio of 3.25, scaffolds possessing open directional macropores and a total porosity of 89.24% could be achieved. The size of the tubule‐like macropores could reach 100–200 μm in their radial dimension and more than 1000 μm in the axial one, with macropores well‐regulated arrayed. Increasing the L/P ratio would significantly decrease the mechanical strength of alginate/CPC scaffolds. The compressive strength and toughness of scaffolds could be greatly improved via PLGA reinforcement. Three mechanisms of PLGA reinforcement ran as follows: participating in the external load, strengthening the matrix, and patching the defects of CPC pores wall. Alginate/PLGA/CPC scaffold preserved the open directional macropores and might be a potential scaffold for bone tissue engineering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009