bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autobiography and the literary public sphere
Authors: Treadwell James 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Through detailed readings of a number of reviews of autobiographical publications in the Romantic period, the chapter specifies the most important terms and concepts used by readers to understand autobiography at the time. In particular, it asks what it was about self-writing that seemed dangerous or objectionable. The key term is ‘egotism’, which is shown to be a problem to do with the circulation of the written self in public: a problem of decorum. An important 1827 article by Lockhart illustrates how autobiography offends against propriety. Commentators set up ideal values of truth and objectivity as the proper measures of autobiographical worth. However, distinctions between the offensive circulation of privacy in public and the valuable publication of worthy self-writing prove impossible to maintain.
Biographia Literaria
Authors: Treadwell James 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter presents a reading of Coleridge's 1817 ‘literary life’. The focus is on the text's difficult struggles with the idea of self-representation in writing. Autobiography is central to the philosophical and literary projects of the book, but it also disrupts them. These ambivalences are closely related to the anxieties surrounding self-writing — the circulation and reception of the ‘I’ in print — which have been explored in the preceding chapters.
The Economics of Systems Integration
Authors: Dosi Giovanni , Hobday Mike , Marengo Luigi , Prencipe Andrea 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter explores some theoretical elements of the economics of systems integration (and disintegration) by placing the idea of systems integration within the context of evolutionary economics. It argues that systems integrators (as firms) and systems integration (as a key capability within and across firms) perform a central function as the visible hand of much modern industrial activity, especially in complex products and systems. The latter includes a significant subset of capital goods, such as mobile communication systems, military systems, corporate information technology networks, train engines, aircraft, intelligent buildings, air traffic control systems, and tailored software packages.
The Cognitive Basis of Systems Integration
Authors: Paoli Massimo 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter argues that the strategic control over the technological and commercial evolution of complicated multi-technological platforms (families of products) calls for a deep control of the processes of systems integration. The chapter aims to define the key elements of the cognitive nature of the process of systems integration, and provides an epistemological reflection on personal and social knowledge. It is argued that the meta-process of systems integration is first of all integration of knowledge: a process of processes that require a powerful control of knowledge development.
Medical Drug Utilization Information Systems in the United States and Europe
Authors: Avgerou Chrisanthi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter examines information systems for the use of medical drugs, known as drug utilization systems, also referred to as prescription systems in the UK. Since the 1980s, information systems in the US and Europe that monitor drug utilization and influence doctors’ prescribing behaviour acquired great significance, due to the increased costs of drug treatments and the problem of cost containment faced by healthcare organizations. By outlining what drug utilization systems have been implemented in the US and the UK — two countries with very different healthcare systems and both experiencing reform pressures — this case study shows two things. First, how different information systems emerge in healthcare systems organized according to different principles of rationality. Second, how, even in the same country and organizational setting, information systems are confronted with different and competing substantive rationalities. In this case, economic management, equitable high-quality public service, and science-based professional conduct.
Bilingualism and Biculturalism in Antonine Rome
Authors: Swain Simon 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Having considered the Romans' relationship with Greek culture from Cicero by way of the Elder Seneca, Quintilian, the Younger Pliny, and Suetonius down to Apuleius, in particular, the implications of code-switching and the linguistic annexation that made Greek a resource for the improvement of Latin and a mark of superior Roman education, the chapter turns to the specific cases of Fronto, in whom Greek negotiates social complications (as in the correspondence with Marcus, does the language of love), particularly between superior and inferior, and of Gellius, who is far more relaxed about Greek discourse and ready to admit that Latin cannot always compete, but brings out cases where it does. Moreover, he expects a Roman to be master of the latter, his own language, as well as Greek. Finally, these authors' practice in respect of Greek is compared with those of Tertullian, Aelian, and Ulpian.
‘Not Read and Consumed in the Same Way as Other Books’: Identification and the Genre of Testimony
Authors: Eaglestone Robert 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter argues for the singularity of Holocaust testimonies as a genre. Analysing a range of commentary on testimonies by survivors and critics, it finds the current ideas about this form of writing lacking. It argues that testimonies both encourage, through their form, and reject, for ethical and epistemological reasons, the empathic identifications of readers. In order to understand this better, the chapter analyses currently very insufficient theoretical accounts of identification, and then sets them in the context of debates over the form of Holocaust testimonies, trauma, and imagery. It concludes by offering an account of the genre of testimony and its importance, arguing that this tension between identification and its prohibition is central to these testimony texts.
Failure to Communicate: British Telecommunications and the American Model
Authors: Lipartito Kenneth 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter analyses British telecommunications policy. Throughout the 20th century, British telecommunications has remained substantially behind the United States in measures such as productivity and telephones per capita. Britain also didn't adopt advanced electronic switching technology until nearly two decades after the United States. It lagged behind other nations as well, such as Sweden and Japan. Nor did telecommunications manufacturing firms in Britain keep pace with global leaders. In attempting to redress these failures, however, British policy makers made two mistakes: they ignored powerful international tendencies embodied in ‘best practice’ nations such as the United States; and also responded to backwardness by adhering too closely to policies devised for other places and other times.
Mass Production or ‘Organized Craftsmanship’? The Post-War Italian Automobile Industry
Authors: Bigazzi Duccio 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
In 1945, the Italian industrial sector was well prepared to measure itself against the American model. In the engineering sector, direct contacts between technical experts on the two sides were established around the turn of the century, and these had intensified during the First World War. During the Fascist period, the diffusion of American methods met with resistance from the traditionalist approach to technology and organization of most Italian industrialists, who preferred low wages and a strongly authoritarian form of paternalism. Nonetheless, the most innovative managers and entrepreneurs continued to look up to America as the most efficient technical and productive model.
American Occupation, Market Order, and Democracy: Reconfiguring the Steel Industry in Japan and Germany after the Second World War
Authors: Herrigel Gary 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Engagement with American practices and ideas in the period after the Second World War differed in Germany and Japan compared to in many of the other political economies considered in this volume, because both were militarily occupied countries. Thus, in addition to the diffusion (or in any case, incursion) of American industrial ideas, principles of organization, and technologies by way of markets, scholarly and technical writings, and elite circulation, American ideals were also imposed on Germany and Japan by military governors during the first decade after the war. By analysing the process of restructuring in the steel industries in both occupied countries, this chapter examines the complexity of the notion of ‘imposition’ in the context of this military occupation. The main argument is that the American occupation dramatically changed both societies by forcing them to grapple with American ideas of social, industrial, and political order.
Costly and Bounded Rationality in Individual and Team Decision-making
Authors: Radner Roy 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The ‘Savage’ paradigm of rational decision-making under uncertainty has become the dominant model of human behaviour in mainstream economics and game theory. However, under the rubric of ‘bounded rationality’, this model has been criticized as inadequate from both normative and descriptive viewpoints. This chapter sketches the historical roots and some current developments of this movement, distinguishing between attempts to extend the ‘Savage’ paradigm (costly rationality) and the need for more radical departures (truly bounded rationality).
The Slow Pace of Rapid Technological Change: Gradualism and Punctuation in Technological Change
Authors: Levinthal Daniel A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter champions the punctuated equilibrium framework of evolutionary biology as an alternative approach toward explaining technological change. It argues that the critical event is not a transformation of the technology, but speciation — the application of existing technology to a new domain of application. As a result of the distinct selection criteria and the degree of resource abundance in the new domain, a new technological form may emerge. This new technological form may be able to penetrate other niches and, in particular, may precipitate a process of ‘creative destruction’ and out-compete prior technologies. This framework is applied to an historical study of wireless communication, from the early experimental efforts of Hertz to the modern development of wireless telephony.
London as an International Banking Center, 1950–1980
Authors: Baker Mae , Collins Michale 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The late 1950s and early 1960s marked the beginning of a period of important structural change and innovation within British banking. After the war, of course, the City's fortune was far from assured — with the UK's relative economic weakness, the weak international financial legacy from sterling's experience in the 1930s and during the Second World War, and the continued unfavourably restrictive international financial environment facing City institutions. This chapter examines the re-emergence of London as an international banking centre by focusing on the rapid growth of foreign banks locating in the City in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, and the consequent competition they posed for British banks.
Creating Silicon Valley in Europe
Authors: Casper Steven 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThrough the 1990s and early 2000s, a strength of the United States economy has been its ability to foster large numbers of small innovative technology companies, a few of which have grown to dominate new industries, such as Microsoft, Genentech, or Google. US technology clusters such as Silicon Valley have become engines of innovation and wealth creation, and the envy of governments around the world. This book examines trajectories by which new technology industries emerge and become sustainable across different types of economies. Governments around the world have poured vast sums of money into policies designed to foster clusters of similar start-up firms in their economies. The book employs empirical studies of the biotechnology and software industries in the US and several European economies to examine the relative success of policies aimed at cultivating the “Silicon Valley Model” of organizing and financing companies in Europe. Research associated with the “varieties of capitalism” literature has argued that countries with liberal market orientations, such as the US and the UK, can more easily design policies to cultivate success in new technology industries compared to countries associated with organized economies, such as Germany and Sweden. The book's empirical findings support the view that national institutional factors strongly condition the success of new technology policies. However, the study also identifies important cases in which radically innovative new technology firms have thrived within organized economy. Through examining cases of both success and failure, this book helps identify constellations of market and governmental activities that can lead to the emergence of sustainable clusters of new technology firms across both organized and liberal market economies.
Comparative Institutional Analysis of Corporate Governance
Authors: Aoki Masahiko 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter applies a ‘comparative institutional analysis’ approach to CG. It criticizes the property right approach for being a special case, and develops a more general model of governance with shifting allocations of property rights to different internal and external actors, contingent to the overall economic performance of the firm. This contingent relational governance solution is deemed to be complementary with an uncontingently horizontal organization, at least in innovative activities. The Silicon Valley model is discussed as supportive evidence of this mode of CG.
The Family, the Church, and Civil Ordering
Authors: WATERS BRENT 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter explores how the tension between the providential witness of the family and the eschatological witness of the church, as examined in the preceding chapter, should inform a Christian vision of civil community. It is argued that both the family and the church disclose the principal normative characteristics of the social and political ordering of a vindicated creation, namely, that the bonds of human association as well as the foundation of freedom are created, natural, imposed, social, and political. The implications of these characteristics are further developed by focusing on the themes of the gift of social ordering, the relation between destiny and the common good, and, following Oliver O'Donovan, what the nations (should) desire.
Intellectual Formation: Trinity College, Dublin
Authors: Ford Alan 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter traces the intellectual formation of Ussher at Trinity College Dublin, following the early impact of Ramism, and examining the puritan, even presbyterian nature of the College. Rather than seeing Trinity in narrow sectarian terms, it is argued that the College and Ussher were part of a broadly-based Calvinist church, which embraced puritans and presbyterians, and focused their energies not on internal disagreement, but on countering the theological threat of Catholicism.
Internal Exile: Ussher and Laudianism: 1633–40
Authors: Ford Alan 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The arrival of Lord Deputy Wentworth in Ireland in 1633 marked a dramatic change in the tenor of ecclesiastical policy. In one respect, this was welcome to Ussher and his fellow clergy — Wentworth proved to be firm, even fierce, in his efforts to protect and improve the endowment of the church. But the other main thrust of his policy — to bring the Irish church closer into line with the Church of England — proved to be much more controversial. With the help of his chaplain, John Bramhall, and under the direction of his close ally, William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Wentworth set about in the Church of Ireland's convocation in 1634, introducing the Thirty Nine Articles as the church's confession and the 1604 English canons as its disciplinary code. Fierce resistance from Ussher and convocation forced a partial retreat: eventually, Wentworth and Bramhall made convocation adopt the English confession without abrogating the Irish one, and to agree an amended version of the 1604 canons. After convocation, Ussher left the task of directing the Church of Ireland to Bramhall and focused instead upon his studies. Though some historians have suggested that Ussher was, as a result, hostile to Wentworth, the primate seems to have maintained friendly relations with the Lord Deputy.
Conclusion: History, Theology, and Politics in Ireland and Britain
Authors: Ford Alan 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Ussher did much to create an intellectual basis for Irish protestantism, both through his polemic against popery, which marked the Church of Ireland as firmly anti-Catholic, and through his historical researches, which provided the Church with a clear sense of its own legitimacy and identity. Ussher thus helped to create an Irish protestant sense of history that sustained them from Richard Cox in the 17th century down to the classic history of the Church of Ireland in the 20th century. He also contributed many of the attributes and ambiguities which characterize Irish protestantism: strongly evangelical and hostile to Arminianism or high churchmanship; politically loyal to the English crown, but proud of the independence of the Church of Ireland; English in culture, but tracing their religious roots back to the Gaelic church; and fiercely anti-Catholic, but living in a Catholic country. Ussher also demonstrated how a protestant Irishman could effortlessly move across the Irish Sea and participate in the ecclesiastical politics of England, brining to it a markedly different perspective. Given his immense learning and considerable scholarship, Ussher had a considerable reputation after his death. Indeed, such as the esteem in which he was held that his posthumous endorsement was much sought after, as high and low churchmen claimed his support. This ambiguity was partly a result of Ussher's personality, which was, for the most part, mild and unchallenging, but it was also a product of his authorial style, which often preferred to quote sources rather than provide his own definitive interpretation.
Workforce Diversity Policies
Authors: Ferner Anthony , Morley Michael , Muller-Camen Michael , Susaeta Lourdes 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWorkforce diversity is a defining issue of international HR policy transfer in US multinationals. Demographic characteristics, socio-political developments, and the evolution of the legal framework have created a distinctive constellation of diversity agendas in the US. This chapter explores the way in which these agendas were transferred by US companies to their subsidiaries, in host business systems with varying demographic patterns and legal traditions that were not necessarily consonant with American diversity practice. The case studies reveal that there was a frequent lack of fit between the diversity agendas of US multinationals and host-country institutional frameworks, provoking considerable resistance from subsidiaries. However, there was considerable variation in subsidiary responses to diversity, partly explained by structural factors, such as the degree of international integration of operations, and partly by the more contingent strategic and political choices of actors at different levels of the multinational.
The Role of the International Personnel Function
Authors: Wächter Hartmut , Peters René , Ferner Anthony , Gunnigle Paddy , Quintanilla Javier 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThere is a dearth of existing literature on cross-national variations in the organization, role, and boundaries of the personnel function. This chapter explores the evolving role and structure of the personnel function within the different national subsidiaries of US multinationals, and how these fit with the multinational company’s conception of the function’s role at an international level. It is argued that personnel departments in US multinationals face mounting pressures to reduce costs, leading to structural innovations such as shared service centres. Subsidiary personnel departments have pursued a more strategic role as ‘business partner’, and as contributor to the design of international HR policies. The management of tensions between the US approach and different host-country traditions of personnel management are examined, as well as the way in which subsidiary personnel managers ‘negotiate’ with higher levels of the international HR function, drawing on the institutional resources of their local environment.
Knowledge-In-The-Making: The ‘Construction’ of Fiat's Melfi Factory
Authors: Patriotta Gerardo 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter analyses the action-based processes of knowing and organizing surrounding the coming into existence of one of the most advanced car manufacturing plants in the world: Fiat's Melfi assembly plant. This new ‘green field’ factory features a lean production organization, work flow based on assembly lines and teams, advanced applications of IT to production management and control, and extensive reliance on total quality management. Beyond technical specifications, however, the most interesting feature of the plant is that it has been built with the active involvement of the workforce. Indeed, the Fiat management conceived the whole Melfi project as a learning experiment based on a greenfield strategy where the future workers would literally build the factory, including the place and the setting where they would be assembling cars. The experiment had no antecedents in Fiat's history and the whole project relied on a young and inexperienced workforce.
Re-thinking Knowledge in Organizations
Authors: Patriotta Gerardo 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter spells out the main contributions of the book and outlines their implications for research and practice. The theoretical perspectives presented together with the empirical evidence derived from the case studies in the book have provided a sketch of where organizational knowledge resides. Essential terminology for informing a phenomenological perspective on knowing and organizing, and the methodological contributions of the book are discussed.
Horsens: Local Strategies on a Global Stage
Authors: Kristensen Peer Hull , Zeitlin Jonathan 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
It is difficult to imagine actors transforming their aspirations, orientation, and outlook more radically than Horsens's managing director and convener did. Within a few years, they put their most creative and constructive potential in the service of a global rather than a local firm. In many ways, their perspective and reflexive practices had undergone a transformation, and as a result their career prospects looked brighter than ever. Another way to assess their situation is to evaluate how many of the potential advantages from joining an MNC outlined in Chapter 1 had been realized by Horsens. It is argued that Horsens had capitalized on all five dimensions.