bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X‐ray Microscopy of the Prostate Gland
Authors: DAVIES R. LI. , JONES D. R. , HARRISON T. J. , GRIFFITHS G. J. , EVANS K. T. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A technique is described for investigating the internal structure of the prostate gland (including calcification) by projection X‐ray microscopy (microradiography).The results show that the technique can be used in conjunction with the corresponding histological preparations to complement the examination of the prostate gland by demonstrating tissue density and the structure and location of microcalcification < 5 μm in diameter.
Cranial Nerve Dysfunction in Metastatic Cancer of the Prostate
Authors: SVARE A. , FOSSÅ SOPHIE D. , HEIER MONA S. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— We report 11 patients with cranial nerve dysfunction due to bone metastases from advanced prostatic cancer. Diplopia, speech disturbances, tongue deviation and headache were the typical clinical symptoms. X‐ray and/or computed tomography of the base of the skull demonstrated bone destruction (and the surrounding soft tissue tumour) in 8 cases. In 1 patient the bone destruction was visualised only by bone scan. In 2 cases no bone destruction could be demonstrated in spite of the clinical findings. In 9 of the 10 evaluable patients the clinical symptoms improved after high voltage radiotherapy and high dose corticosteroid treatment.Cranial nerve dysfunction is a late complication of hormone‐resistant prostatic cancer. The symptoms are usually due to bone destruction at the base of the skull. Radiotherapy combined with corticosteroid treatment is an excellent palliative measure if started immediately after the onset of symptoms.
Neurophysiological Investigations in Potent and Impotent Men Assessment of Bulbocavernosus Reflex Latencies and Somatosensory Evoked Potentials
Authors: PORST H. , TACKMANN W. , AHLEN H. VAN 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A multidisciplinary investigation was carried out on 130 patients with erectile dysfunction. The bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) latency times were evaluated in all patients and in 116 the somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) were also assessed. BCR latency times were examined in 39 potent control patients and the SSEP were measured in 30 members of this group.There were no abnormal findings in the control group. Of the 130 patients with erectile dysfunction, 65 had anomalies in the BCR measurements and 36 of 116 patients had abnormal SSEP findings. When compared with the control group, 76 of 130 patients with erectile disorders (66%) had irregularities in BCR latency times and/or SSEP. As a result of these findings, lesions of the somatic penile innervation are considered to be one of the many causes of erectile dysfunction.
Irrigation and Acute Ureteric Dilatation—as for Ureteroscopy
Authors: BODDY SU‐ANNA M. , NIMMON C. C. , JONES S. , RAMSAY J. W. A. , BRITTON K. E. , LEVISON D. A. , WHITFIELD H. N. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The effects of irrigation with sterile and infected saline after acute ureteric dilatation by graded Teflon dilators were evaluated renographically and histologically in minipigs. The minipig ureter was dilated from its normal calibre of 4 F to 10 F, and 100 ml of sterile or infected saline were then introduced from a height of 60 cm under gravity.One week after irrigation and dilatation the ipsilateral kidney was either functioning less than 10% or there was an obstructive nephropathy. Histology at 3 months suggested that extravasation of infected irrigating fluid was the most likely cause of ureteric stricture formation.
Assessment of the Results of Stamey Bladder Neck Suspension
Authors: KIRBY R. S. , WHITEWAY J. E. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A total of 48 patients with genuine stress incontinence underwent endoscopic bladder neck suspension; 36 patients (75%) were completely cured of their incontinence but 12 (25%) suffered recurrent leakage. In 2 cases this was due to infection and erosion of the vaginal sutures; in 4 cases failure was ascribed to a small capacity bladder and “pipe‐stem” urethra. In the remaining 6 unsuccessful cases the Stamey sutures had cut through flimsy endopelvic fascia.It was concluded that endoscopic bladder neck suspension has advantages over colposuspension in terms of reduced dissection and hospital stay, but its success rate is lower than originally reported. Failures due to suture infection and buttress displacement may be avoided by not using Dacron and, instead, by picking up vaginal subdermis with nylon sutures‐the same tissue used to provide support in a Burch colposuspension.
Effect of Phentolamine on Venous Return in Human Erection
Authors: WESPES E. , RONDEUX C. , SCHULMAN C. C. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A group of 25 patients underwent Doppler penile blood examination and cavernometry before and after 5 mg of phentolamine injected intracavernously.The organic or psychogenic nature of impotence was determined by psychological testing, the intracavernous injection of papaverine, hormonal evaluation, neurological examination, Doppler penile blood flow measurement and cavernometry for vascular investigations.The intracavernous injection of phentolamine had no effect on the venous return and it provoked penile arterial dilatation. The erectile angle, which was also measured, was less evident than after the injection of papaverine.The results confirmed the fact that an increase in arterial inflow alone is not sufficient to induce a rigid erection in man.
Modified Stamey Procedure for Bladder Neck Suspension
Authors: JONES D. J. , SHAH P. J. R. , WORTH P. H. L. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A review of 76 patients who underwent endoscopic bladder neck suspension (EBNS) for stress incontinence is presented. Pre‐operative video‐urodynamic studies in 71 patients demonstrated stable stress incontinence in 61 (86%). There was a history of previous pelvic surgery in 52 patients (68%). Surgery was performed by trainee urologists in 35 cases (46%). The overall complication rate was 46%, of which 17% were per‐operative and did not influence the outcome of surgery. Infection occurred in 16% and necessitated removal of the suture buffers in 9%. Follow‐up ranged from 7 to 30 months (mean 18.3).Complete resolution of stress incontinence or a marked improvement in symptoms was seen in 86% of cases.Patients with no history of previous pelvic surgery were all either cured or improved by the procedure. Of the 52 patients who had undergone previous pelvic surgery, 42 (80%) were either cured or improved. All of the 10 failures were in this group. There was no difference between complication or success rates achieved by consultants or urologists in training.It was concluded that EBNS is the treatment of choice in patients with primary stress incontinence and it is an effective procedure in patients who have undergone previous unsuccessful surgery for stress incontinence.
Patients at High Risk of Cardiovascular Complications in Oestrogen Treatment of Prostatic Cancer
Authors: HENRIKSSON P. , EDHAG O. , ERIKSSON A. , JOHANSSON S.‐E. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The aim of this study was to predict cardiovascular complications in patients with prostatic cancer treated with oestrogen. A randomised prospective study of oestrogen therapy versus orchiectomy was performed. Patients with pre‐existing cardiovascular morbidity were excluded (16%). Prior to the initiation of therapy, patients were subjected to exercise stress tests, physiological evaluation of peripheral circulation, blood volume estimation, chest X‐ray, blood test, including hormones, lipoproteins, and antithrombin III, and a physical examination and history by a cardiologist. The oestrogen treatment and the orchiectomy group did not differ with regard to these pretreatment variables; 25% of the patients given oestrogen therapy had cardiovascular complications during the initial treatment year compared with none in the orchiectomy group.Three statistical discriminating techniques were employed and they allowed us to identify 2 strong discriminating variables for cardiovascular complications if oestrogen therapy is instituted in patients with prostatic cancer but without overt clinical cardiovascular disease. These 2 discriminators were luteinising hormone (LH) and ST‐segment depression during exercise. This means that a patient with ST‐segment depression during an exercise test and/or a high luteinising hormone concentration should not be treated with oestrogen.
Renal Function after Autotransplantation with Direct Pyelocystostomy. Long‐term Follow‐up
Authors: RANCH T. , GRANERUS G. , HENRIKSSON C. , PETTERSSON S. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The function of 20 human autologous kidney grafts was studied for 4 to 8 years (mean 52) after autotransplantation with a direct pyelocystostomy. The indications for the operation were low‐grade, low‐stage tumour of the renal pelvis and/or ureter, frequently recurrent renal stones and remaining outflow obstruction after pyeloplasty for hydronephrosis.The wide pyelocystostomy implies reflux of urine from the urinary bladder to the renal pelvis but no significant changes were found in glomerular or tubular function, studied with 51 Cr‐EDTA clearance, 131I‐Hippuran renography, analysis of β2‐microglobulin and total protein excretion in urine, and determination of concentration ability after administration of desmopressin. No increase in the severity or frequency of urinary tract infections was observed.
Anterior Transperitoneal Approach to the Upper Urinary Tract with One‐stage Bilateral Procedure
Authors: JAIN A. B. , YOUNG C. H. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A total of 109 unilateral and 4 bilateral upper urinary tract conditions were treated surgically from 1975 to 1985 by the anterior transverse transperitoneal approach; 26 of these were malignant conditions and 87 were benign. The approach gives good access to the kidney, its pedicle and the upper ureter. There is no increased risk of peritonitis or paralytic ileus due to urinary leak.One‐stage bilateral surgical procedures were performed in 4 cases. There was no added risk to the patients. It allows both kidneys to recover simultaneously and provides the opportunity of examining the other intra‐abdominal organs.
Physical Growth Velocity during Conservative Treatment and following Subsequent Surgical Treatment for Primary Vesicoureteric Reflux
Authors: SUTTON R. , ATWELL J. D. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Physical growth was studied in 6 males and 16 females during 1 year of antimicrobial prophylaxis and during the 2 years following subsequent surgical treatment for severe primary vesicoureteric reflux. Surgery was performed between the ages of 2 and 8 because of either repeated breakthrough infection or persistence of grade III or IV reflux. Height and weight velocities were calculated as yearly rates and then converted into interquartile ratios (IQRs).Neither the mean centile height nor weight attained varied significantly between that at entry, after 1 year of medical treatment and at 2 years after surgery. However, the mean IQR for height velocity (± sem) rose significantly from –0.61 (± 0.45) during antimicrobial prophylaxis to 0.54 (± 0.25) following surgery. Similarly, the mean IQR for weight velocity rose significantly from –0.63 (± 0.50) during medical treatment to 0.47 (± 0.24) following surgery.These results suggest that surgical treatment is preferable to continued medical treatment in patients with severe primary vesicoureteric reflux who fail to respond to a trial of antimicrobial prophylaxis.
Salivary Testosterone in Prostatic Carcinoma
Authors: NAVARRO M. A. , AGUILO F. , VILLABONA C. M. , TORRECILLA C. , BONNIN R. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Testosterone concentrations in saliva were measured in 13 patients with prostatic carcinoma after surgical or medical (diethylstilboestrol or Estracyt) orchiectomy. The salivary testosterone values in these patients were significantly lower than in normal males but not significantly different from those in normal females. The salivary testosterone concentrations were measured for 6 consecutive months and did not vary significantly from month to month.The results suggest that the measurement of salivary testosterone concentrations could be useful in evaluating the androgenic function of patients with prostatic carcinoma after medical or surgical orchiectomy.
Long‐term Follow‐up of the MAGPI Operation for Distal Hypospadias
Authors: HASTIE K. J. , DESHPANDE S. S. , MOISEY C. U. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Following the introduction of the MAGPI procedure, this operation has become established in the management of distal hypospadias. In our unit 45 boys have been treated in this way and the long‐term results have been assessed in 28. The cosmetic result of surgery and the direction of the urinary stream were satisfactory in 27 patients. In all but 2 cases there was partial ventral regression of the urinary meatus when compared with the immediate post‐operative appearances.In the long term, it is our experience that the MAGPI operation does not maintain a terminal position for the external urinary meatus, but the functional and cosmetic results are satisfactory.
Effect of Unilateral Vesicoureteric Reflux on Renal Growth and the Uptake of 99mTc DMSA by the Kidney. An Experimental Study in the Minipig
Authors: GODLEY MARGARET L. , RISDON R. A. , RANSLEY P. G. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The influence of unilateral vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) on renal growth and the uptake of 99mTc DMSA by the kidney has been investigated in a 2‐kidney model in the growing minipig over a period of approximately 5 months. Animals with reflux in association with low voiding pressures and normal bladder function (n = 5), as well as those with raised voiding pressures and abnormal bladder function (n = 7), were investigated with appropriate non‐refluxing controls (n = 12). Urinary infection and renal scarring were avoided since these factors may affect kidney function and growth independently.Statistical tests of difference failed to demonstrate any effect of VUR on renal growth or renal uptake of 99mTc DMSA even in the presence of elevated voiding pressures and abnormal detrusor function.
Terodiline in the Treatment of Children with Unstable Bladders
Authors: HELLSTROM ANNA‐LENA , HJALMAS K. , JODAL U. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A double‐blind study of terodiline compared with placebo was performed in 58 children aged 6 to 14 years with urgency or urge incontinence. All had an unstable bladder at cystometry. A bladder regimen was emphasised during the study. Continence was improved according to micturition charting and a pad test in both groups. Terodiline at 25 mg/day, however, gave significantly better results than placebo. In patients with a subnormal bladder capacity ( 150 ml), a significant increase in capacity was recorded on cystometry during medication with terodiline but not with placebo.The improved continence seen in the placebo group was probably due to the non‐specific bladder training achieved by the child's increased awareness and adult involvement during treatment. The even better results attained in the terodiline group shows this drug to be a valuable adjunct to a bladder regimen in children with urge incontinence, particularly since no important adverse effects were noted during an 8‐week period.
Duplex Scanning in Suspected Vasculogenic Impotence: a Worthwhile Exercise?
Authors: ROBINSON L. Q. , WOODCOCK J. P. , STEPHENSON T. P. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The value of duplex scanning in the assessment of impotence was evaluated in 146 impotent men. Scanning was by means of a Diasonics DRF 400 and penile artery measurements were taken before and after the intracorporeal injection of papaverine hydrochloride. The penile/brachial index was measured in 82 patients and its predictive value compared with the results of duplex scanning and papaverine‐induced erection. On scanning evidence of good arterial inflow but poor erections, indirect evidence of venous leakage was assumed.The results showed that the deep artery responses best charaterised the erectile response, with the dorsal artery being less helpful.All 37 patients with full erections following papaverine exhibited bilateral deep artery peak velocities of 25 cm/s. Of the remaining 109 sub‐optimal responders, 17 also has this finding; all had undergone dynamic cavernosography, with 16 exhibiting venous leakage.The penile/brachial index was found to classify 13 patients incorrectly.A critical value of deep artery response to attain erection is postulated, enabling more logical use of cavernosography. The penile/brachial index was shown to be suspect and it was concluded that duplex scanning is a useful, non‐invasive method in the assessment of impotence.
Intravesical Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin Treatment for Superficial Bladder Tumours
Authors: SHINKA T. , HIRANO A. , UEKADO Y. , KYOKU I. , AOSHI H. , OHKAWA T. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Intravesical instillations of Tokyo 172 strain BCG were given to 56 patients with superficial bladder cancer during the 24‐month period after transurethral tumour resection as a prophylaxis against tumour recurrence. The recurrence rate of tumours was compared with that of historical controls. Results were estimated by the person‐years method and there were statistically significant decreases in recurrent tumours following BCG therapy.Our results suggest that the intravesical Tokyo 172 strain BCG is effective and safe as a prophylaxis against the recurrence of superficial bladder tumours.
Risk Factors for Urinary Calcium Oxalate Crystals as Revealed by their Specific Enzymatic Assay
Authors: HALLSON P. C. , ROSE G. A. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Calcium oxalate crystal concentrations were assayed by a new highly specific enzymatic method in 1200 urine samples from normal subjects and stone formers. Examination of the crystals was also carried out by light microscopy and urines were analysed for oxalate, calcium, magnesium, citrate, urate, pH and osmolality.A striking positive correlation was established between urinary oxalate concentration and calcium oxalate crystal concentration as well as incidence of calcium oxalate crystals and aggregates seen by microscopy. A less striking relationship, also supported by light microscopy, was found between calcium oxalate crystal concentration and urinary calcium concentration. A small rise in calcium oxalate crystalluria was seen with increasing osmolality, but no relationship found between concentration or urinary urate, citrate or magnesium and that of calcium oxalate crystals. Higher levels of calcium oxalate crystal concentration appeared in alkaline urines in association with calcium phosphate.The dominance of urinary oxalate as a risk factor for calcium oxalate crystalluria is confirmed.
Measurement of Calcium Phosphate Crystalluria: Influence of pH and Osmolality and Invariable Presence of Oxalate
Authors: HALLSON P. C. , ROSE G. A. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate urinary crystal concentrations in normal and stone‐forming subjects were measured. The urinary crystals were examined by light microscopy and urine samples were analysed for oxalate, pH and osmolality.Calcium phosphate crystal concentrations were clearly related to urine pH but unrelated to urine osmolality. An unexpected finding was co‐precipitation of oxalate with calcium phosphate. Consequently, precipitated invariable oxalate increased with rising urinary pH. Possible explanations and implications are discussed.
Chemotherapy of Advanced Seminoma: Clinical Significance of Radiological Findings before and after Treatment
Authors: FOSSÅ SOPHIE D. , KULLMANN G. , LIEN H. H. , STENWIG ANNA E. , OUS S. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The predictive significance of the mass detected following chemotherapy was assessed in 46 patients with advanced seminoma. Patients with residual viable seminoma in the post‐chemotherapy operation specimen or who developed recurrent disease were regarded as chemotherapy failures. This group included 1 of 20 patients in whom the retroperitoneal masses were ≤ 10 cm2 3 to 4 weeks after chemotherapy and 4 of 15 patients whose residual masses were >10cm2.Four of 11 patients with mediastinal tumours achieved a complete remission (mediastinal masses ≤ 1 cm2). However, 2 of these 4 patients relapsed, as did 2 of the 4 who achieved a partial remission. In no case was the original size of the tumour significantly related to treatment failure. Three patients had residual lung masses; 1 of these contained histological evidence of viable tumour.In one‐third of the irradiated relapse‐free patients, slightly enlarged masses were visible on follow‐up computed tomography scans taken several years after treatment, even in patients without tumour activity.There is a 25% risk of relapse in patients with advanced seminoma who have retroperitoneal masses > 10 cm2 following cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. They should be followed up regularly for many years.
Deep Dorsal Vein Arterialisation in Vascular Impotence
Authors: WESPES E. , CORBUSIER A. , DELCOUR C. , VANDENBOSCH G. , STRUYVEN J. , SCHULMAN C. C. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A series of 12 patients with vasculogenic impotence (4 arterial lesions; 8 arterial and venous lesions) underwent deep dorsal vein arterialisation after pre‐operative assessment by a multidisciplinary approach. Cumulative graft patency was 58% (7 of 12 patients) up to 21 months but only 4 patients developed almost normal erections.Digital angiography, with and without the intracavernous injection of papaverine, was performed during follow‐up to determine the vascular physiological status. At flaccidity, the corpora cavernosa were never opacified in the absence of a venocorporeal shunt. The penile glans was always visualised. Opacification of the deep dorsal vein and the circumflex system decreased with penile rigidity, resulting from their compression between Buck's fascia and the tunica albuginea. Intracavernous pressure recorded before and after the surgical procedure showed a marked increase when a caverno‐venous shunt was performed. Hypervascularisation of the glans occurred in 2 cases. The relevance of this new surgical technique and its functional mechanism are discussed.
Endoballoon Rupture and Stenting for Pelviureteric Junction Obstruction: Technique and Early Results
Authors: O'FLYNN K. , HEHIR M. , McKELVIE G. , HUSSEY J. , STEYN J. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Endoballoon rupture and stenting was performed on 31 patients with pelviureteric junction obstruction. A percutaneous antegrade approach was used in 20 patients, a retrograde technique in 11. Clinical and renographic improvement was seen in 21 patients. Four patients later underwent nephrectomy, all of whom had a GFR of less than 20% in the affected kidney.Endoballoon rupture is technically undemanding, easier and less invasive than endopyelotomy. In patients with adequate renal function it provides a suitable alternative to pyeloplasty.