bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Asymmetric Arylations of Ketimines
Authors: Vlahoviček‐Kahlina Kristina , Marijan Marijan , Matišić Mateja , Gredičak Matija 
Published: March 2024

AbstractArylation of ketimines is the most straightforward strategy for constructing chiral α‐tertiary amines, important structural motifs found in natural products and biologically active compounds. This comprehensive review highlights the achievements in the transition metal‐catalyzed and organocatalyzed asymmetric arylations of ketimines from the seminal report published in 2010 till November 2023. The review is divided into three chapters: (1) Arylation of diaryl ketimines, (2) Arylation of aryl‐alkyl and aryl‐acyl ketimines, and (3) Arylation of acyl‐alkyl and dialkyl ketimines. Each chapter is further divided into transition metal‐catalyzed reactions (grouped by individual metals) and organocatalyzed reactions. The covered literature includes emphasis on the advantages of the reported methodology, its scope and limitations, and the description of the transition state (where applicable).
Fabrication of Living Entangled Network Composites Enabled by Mycelium
Authors: Wang Hao , Tao Jie , Wu Zhangyu , Weiland Kathrin , Wang Zuankai , Masania Kunal , Wang Bin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrganic polymer‐based composite materials with favorable mechanical performance and functionalities are keystones to various modern industries; however, the environmental pollution stemming from their processing poses a great challenge. In this study, by finding an autonomous phase separating ability of fungal mycelium, a new material fabrication approach is introduced that leverages such biological metabolism‐driven, mycelial growth‐induced phase separation to bypass high‐energy cost and labor‐intensive synthetic methods. The resulting self‐regenerative composites, featuring an entangled network structure of mycelium and assembled organic polymers, exhibit remarkable self‐healing properties, being capable of reversing complete separation and restoring ≈90% of the original strength. These composites further show exceptional mechanical strength, with a high specific strength of 8.15 MPa g.cm−3, and low water absorption properties (≈33% after 15 days of immersion). This approach spearheads the development of state‐of‐the‐art living composites, which directly utilize bioactive materials to “self‐grow” into materials endowed with exceptional mechanical and functional properties.
Two Completely Non‐Fused Ring Acceptors Working in an Alloy‐Like Model for Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Han Chenyang , Gao Huanhuan , Kan Yuanyuan , Zhang Xu , Jiang Xinyue , Shen Can , Ni Liaohui , Lv Zekun , Zhang Zhan , Wang Lei , Zapien Juan Antonio , Yang Yingguo , Sun Yanna , Gao Ke 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSimple chemical structure and simplified synthesis process of active layer materials are critical for advancing the practical application of organic solar cells. Herin, two completely non‐fused ring electron acceptors BTZT‐2Cl and BTZT‐4Cl are developed. BTZT‐4Cl exhibits an enhanced absorption band, increases electrostatic potential differences with D18, and improves crystallinity and molecular packing properties. Consequently, the binary device based on BTZT‐4Cl displays a markedly improved efficiency of 14.12%, compared to the BTZT‐2Cl‐based device, which only achieves a moderate efficiency of 11.25%. More importantly, an alloy‐like structure can be formed by incorporating a small amount of high miscibility and compatibility BTZT‐2Cl. The ternary blend exhibits more compact molecular packing, efficient exciton dissociation, and an extended charge carrier lifetime due to the formation of an alloy‐like structure. The ternary device achieves a decent efficiency of 15.41% with superior thermal stability and a high T80 lifetime over 1600 h after being aged at 65 °C. These results establish it as the most efficient among devices based on completely non‐fused ring acceptors with both high efficiency and voltage. This study demonstrates a simple material design strategy and high‐performance device optimization techniques, which are critical for advancing practical applications in the OSC field.
Effectively Inhibiting Charge Injection and Dielectric Loss of High Permittivity Inorganic Materials by Rationally Coating Organic Polymer for Achieving High Output Charge Density
Authors: Wang Jian , Xu Shuyan , Li Gui , Zhang Xuemei , Zhao Qionghua , Wu Huiyuan , Li Kaixian , Fu Shaoke , Shan Chuncai , He Wencong , Hu Chenguo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough high permittivity of inorganic materials (possibly two orders larger than organic polymers) is theoretically considered as ideal triboelectric materials, their high leakage property and low contact potential difference with metal electrodes lead to failure to obtain high triboelectric charge density. Besides, the internal space charge accumulation as a result of their defect levels reduces the output charge density and causes dielectric loss or even dielectric breakdown under charge injection in charge‐excitation triboelectric nanogenerator (CE‐TENG). Herein, this study proposes high permittivity and low dielectric loss inorganic materials as triboelectric layers. In order to prevent charge injection passing through the surface of inorganic materials caused by air breakdown under charge excitation, an organic polymer is coated, which has high permittivity, big polarizability, none charge traps, and large work function difference with metal electrodes. After optimizing the high dielectric inorganic layer and the coated organic polymer layer, the output charge of CE‐TENG based on 1 mm PZT‐5H coated with P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE) achieves 2.83 mC m−2, 6.5 times of CE‐TENG based on 1 mm PZT‐5H, breaking the historical record for inorganic material TENG. This work clarifies the material selection criteria for CE‐TENG and provides a deeper understanding of charge transfer mechanism of inorganic materials.
Justice reinvestment—Local solutions for young people in contact with the criminal justice system, but should more be done?
Authors: Haysom Leigh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractJustice Reinvestment aims to prevent young people coming into contact with the criminal justice system through place‐based, data‐driven and evidence‐based community solutions developed through community‐based leadership and partnerships. The initiative also advocates for strategic changes to the justice system, with any savings reinvested into successful community programs. This paper will discuss the historical, international and local perspectives of Justice Reinvestment, recent Commonwealth funding opportunities, and how well these initiatives work for young people in New South Wales.
Disability, employment and welfare reform: A comparative analysis of Australia and Denmark
Authors: Hwang Gyu‐Jin , Jensen Natasja Koitzsch , Wadiwel Dinesh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFrom the poor‐relief tradition to the social citizenship‐based development of the welfare state, the question of available social supports for people with disability has been one of the central issues of welfare reform agendas. Under the increasing influence of neoliberal rationalities, many welfare states have engaged in the redefinition of capacity and incapacity to work in an attempt to manage the fiscal cost of a growing number of people on disability pension and work incapacity benefits. These reconfigurations of income transfers have significant implications for the social and economic participation of people with disability. This article seeks to build knowledge about the policy implications of these changes by comparing recent disability policies in two very different welfare states—Australia and Denmark—who have contrasting approaches to activation measures concerning people with disability. This article examines how these welfare states have reconfigured the meaning of disability, thereby either restricting further or relaxing the conditions of labour market activation. Through these two cases, we argue that there is a case for labour market participation insofar as rights to work through improved employment opportunities take precedence over punitive regimes that reduce access to income support.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy triggered by frequent psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A case report
Authors: Yomogida Daichi , Kuwano Hiroyuki , Miyakoshi Tatsuya , Mizuta Shiori , Horikawa Shinjiro , Koshida Yoshinao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundCoexistence of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures has rarely been reported. Herein, we report a case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy triggered by psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.Case PresentationA 50‐year‐old woman with a 22‐year history of dissociative and panic disorders and a 7‐year history of seizures increasing in frequency was admitted due to cardiogenic shock. Based on the left ventriculography and electroencephalography findings, she was diagnosed with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Seizures were controlled using antipsychotic agents, resulting in improved cardiac function, and she was discharged. However, she died of cardiopulmonary arrest 9 days after discharge.ConclusionSince controlling psychogenic epileptic seizures is difficult, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy triggered by psychogenic nonepileptic seizures may have poor prognosis, requiring careful management and close monitoring.
Large Organic Polar Molecules Tailored Electrode Interfaces for Stable Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Li Zhendong , Chen Zhenlian , Sun Nannan , Wang Deyu , Yao Xiayin , Peng Zhe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) are deemed as ones of the most promising energy storage devices for next electrification applications. However, the uneven Li electroplating process caused by the diffusion‐limited Li+ transportation at the Li metal surface inherently promotes the formation of dendritic morphology and instable Li interphase, while the sluggish Li+ transfer kinetic can also cause lithiation‐induced stress on the cathode materials suffering from serious structural stability. Herein, a novel electrolyte designing strategy is proposed to accelerate the Li+ transfer by introducing a trace of large organic polar molecules of lithium phytate (LP) without significantly altering the electrolyte structure. The LP molecules can afford a competitive solvent attraction mechanism against the solvated Li+, enhancing both the bulk and interfacial Li+ transfer kinetic, and creating better anode/cathode interfaces to suppress the side reactions, resulting in much improved cycling efficiency of LMBs. Using LP‐based electrolyte, the performance of LMB pouch cell with a practical capacity of ~1.5 Ah can be improved greatly. This strategy opens up a novel electrolyte designing route for reliable LMBs.
Peroxygenase‐Enabled Reductive Kinetic Resolution for the Enantioenrichment of Organoperoxides
Authors: Shen Qianqian , Yan Juzhang , Han Yuchen , Zhang Zaoxiao , Li Huanhuan , Kong Dulin , Shi Jianjun , Cui Chengsen , Zhang Wuyuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnantiomerically pure organoperoxides serve as valuable precursors in organic transformations. Herein, we present the first examples of unspecific peroxygenase catalyzed kinetic resolution of racemic organoperoxides through asymmetric reduction. Through meticulous investigation of the reaction conditions, it is shown that the unspecific peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO) exhibits robust catalytic activity in the kinetic resolution reactions of the model substrate with turnover numbers up to 60000 and turnover frequency of 5.6 s−1. Various aralkyl organoperoxides were successfully resolved by AaeUPO, achieving excellent enantioselectivities (e.g., up to 99 % ee for the (S)‐organoperoxide products). Additionally, we screened commercial peroxygenase variants to obtain the organoperoxides with complementary chirality, with one mutant yielding the (R)‐products. While unspecific peroxygenases have been extensively demonstrated as a powerful oxidative catalysts, this study highlights their usefulness in catalyzing the reduction of organoperoxides and providing versatile chiral synthons.
Improving the stability of an unstable lipase by applying different immobilization strategies for the selective hydrolysis of fish oil
Authors: Ahrari Faezeh , Pourmohammadi Lish Mitra , Yousefi Maryam , Mohammadi Mehdi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) is known to present high selectivity in chemical reactions. However, the poor stability of ROL effectively limits its industrial applications. In this study, several immobilization protocols, such as hydrophobic adsorption, covalent immobilization, multi‐point covalent attachment, ionic adsorption/cross‐linking, and ionic interaction, were applied to improve the stability of ROL. Heterogeneous modification of aspartic and glutamic acid residues on the surface of ROL was carried out by 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) to introduce new amine groups with lower pKb. The highest immobilization yield of 89% was achieved for octyl‐agarose, producing specific activity of 45 U/mg, which is 15 folds higher than the specific activity of the soluble enzyme. Improved stability of ROL was observed, in particular for those derivatives obtained by multi‐point covalent attachment of ROL on glyoxyl‐agarose (Gx‐ROL) and aminated ROL on glyoxyl‐agarose (Gx‐NH2‐ROL) by retaining 28%–36% of their initial activities after 24 h incubation at 60°C. Immobilization also altered the co‐solvent stability profile of the immobilized derivatives producing biocatalysts with varied co‐solvent stabilities. Furthermore, utilization of the immobilized preparations in fish oil hydrolysis revealed the selective release of cis‐5,8,11,14,17‐eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and cis‐4,7,10,13,16,19‐docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in favor of EPA. The highest EPA/DHA selectivity of 33 was observed for the hydrophobically immobilized ROL on octyl‐sepharose.
A “one‐pot” method for synthesizing zinc tryptophan and its derivatives as highly efficient PVC thermal stabilizer with excellent mechanical properties
Authors: Cui Zhixuan , Jiang Pingping , Leng Yan , Zhihao Lyu , Feng Shan , Mei Xue , Chen Shijun , Sheng Xunxun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractZinc Tryptophan (Trp‐Zn) and zinc N‐(salicylic) tryptophan (SalTrp‐Zn) were synthesized from tryptophan, zinc acetate, and salicylic aldehyde by one‐pot method, respectively. The structure was analyzed by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. PVC samples were prepared by stirring method and solvent film process, and then the thermal properties of PVC samples were studied by thermal aging chamber test, Congo red test, electrical conductivity test, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal stability of Trp‐Zn and SalTrp‐Zn stabilized PVC samples was better than calcium and zinc soaps used in industry. The thermal stability time was up to 80 min, and it was a long‐acting thermal stabilizer. After the addition of CaSt2 and Trp‐Zn stabilizer in different proportions, the thermal stability of PVC was obviously improved, and the initial whiteness of the film was improved after the combination of Trp‐Zn/SalTrp‐Zn. In addition, the tensile test verified that the PVC samples stabilized by Trp‐Zn and SalTrp‐Zn had the highest elongation at break. The addition of Trp‐Zn can reduce the elastic modulus of PVC, effectively improve the mechanical properties of PVC, and make the PVC film have better toughness and elasticity. Through DMA and EDS tests, it can be seen that Trp, SalTrp‐Zn had good compatibility with PVC and DOP. The quantum chemical calculation of Trp‐Zn, SalTrp‐Zn and vinyl chloride models was carried out, and the thermal stability mechanism of thermal stabilizer on PVC was analyzed accurately, mainly the absorption mechanism of HCl and the substitution mechanism of unstable chlorine atoms.
Emerging trends on the anatomy teaching reforms in the last 10 years: Based on VOSviewer and CiteSpace
Authors: Mamat Makliya , Li Lin , Kang Shaofang , Chen Yiyong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe study of organism structural composition, known as anatomy, is essential in comprehending the intricate arrangements of life and plays a crucial role in medical education and practice. It bridges foundational and clinical disciplines, shaping medical education, and practice. With evolving technology, medical education faces new challenges necessitating pedagogical innovations. This article explores the changing landscape of anatomical education, encompassing teaching methods, and curricular shifts. Advancements in information technology and bibliometrics shed light on anatomy's evolution, yet research on anatomy teaching reform (ATR) remains scarce. This study employs advanced analytical tools like CiteSpace and VOSviewer to uncover research hotspots and frontiers in ATR. By scrutinizing focal points and emerging directions in ATR, this research provides insights into the future of pedagogical strategies and clinical research in anatomy.
Population‐based surveillance for birth defects potentially related to Zika virus infection including 3‐year mortality and developmental outcomes, and Early Intervention Program service use—New York City, 2016 birth cohort
Authors: McVeigh Katharine H. , Tseyang Tenzin , Vachon Mary‐Elizabeth , Moraes Aurora 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn response to the 2015–2017 Zika virus outbreak, New York City (NYC) identified and monitored infants with birth defects potentially related to congenital Zika virus.MethodsAdministrative data matches were used to describe the birth characteristics of children born in 2016 meeting screening criteria for birth defects potentially related to congenital Zika virus infection relative to other NYC births and to monitor mortality and Early Intervention Program use through age 2.ResultsAmong 120,367 children born in NYC in 2016, 463 met screening criteria and 155 met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's case definition for birth defects potentially related to congenital Zika virus infection (1.3 per 1000; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–1.5). Post‐neonatal deaths occurred among 7.7% of cases (12) and 5.2% of non‐cases (8). Odds of referral to the Early intervention Program among children who met screening criteria were lower among children of mothers who were married (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.37–0.97) and among children not classified as cases whose mothers were born in Latin America and the Caribbean (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37–1.09).DiscussionPrevalence of birth defects potentially related to congenital Zika virus infection was similar to that seen in other jurisdictions without local transmission. Birth defects attributable to congenital Zika virus infection may also have been present among screened children who did not meet the case definition.
Human proinsulin production in the milk of transgenic cattle
Authors: Monzani Paulo S. , Sangalli Juliano R. , Sampaio Rafael V. , Guemra Samuel , Zanin Renato , Adona Paulo R. , Berlingieri Maria A. , Cunha‐Filho Luiz F. C. , Mora‐ Ocampo Irma Y. , Pirovani Carlos P. , Meirelles Flávio V. , Wheeler Matthew B. , Ohashi Otavio M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe worldwide growing demand for human insulin for treating diabetes could be supplied by transgenic animals producing insulin in their milk.Methods and ResultsPseudo‐lentivirus containing the bovine β‐casein promoter and human insulin sequences was used to produce modified adult fibroblasts, and the cells were used for nuclear transfer. Transgenic embryos were transferred to recipient cows, and one pregnancy was produced. Recombinant protein in milk was evaluated using western blotting and mass spectrometry. One transgenic cow was generated, and in milk analysis, two bands were observed in western blotting with a molecular mass corresponding to the proinsulin and insulin. The mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of human insulin more than proinsulin in the milk, and it identified proteases in the transgenic milk that could convert proinsulin into insulin and insulin‐degrading enzyme that could degrade the recombinant protein.ConclusionThe methodologies used for generating the transgenic cow allowed the detection of the production of recombinant protein in the milk at low relative expression compared to milk proteins, using mass spectrometry, which was efficient for detecting recombinant protein with low expression in milk. Milk proteases could act on protein processing converting recombinant protein to functional protein. On the other hand, some milk proteases could act in degrading the recombinant protein.
Measurement and control of foam generation in a mammalian cell culture
Authors: Flynn James , Breen Laura , Narayanan Shankara , Butler Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFoam is generated in mammalian cell cultures by excessive agitation or gas sparging. This occurs particularly in cultures that generate recombinant proteins at high cell concentrations. Three antifoam agents were tested for their compatibility with antibody‐producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. One agent (antifoam 204) was completely inhibitory to growth at a concentration of 10 ppm, one agent (antifoam C) showed partial inhibition and a third (antifoam SE‐15) showed no inhibition at this concentration. A novel foam image analyzer (LabCam) was used to evaluate two antifoams (C and SE‐15) for their ability to dissipate foam generated in cell culture media by enhanced agitation. The presence of antifoam in the media reduced significantly the foam layer that was generated and this was shown to be rapidly dissipated in the presence of 10 ppm SE‐15. The antifoams were also tested for foam dissipation in cultures of CHO cells at >106 cells/mL. Supplementation of the cultures with SE‐15 resulted in dissipation of foam generated by excessive gas sparging within 2 min. Under equivalent conditions 75% of foam dissipated in the presence of antifoam C, within 2 min but there was a residual foam layer up to 25 min. This study showed the value of an optical monitoring system (LabCam) for measuring foam generation and dissipation in a bioreactor to assess the efficiency of antifoam agents to reduce foam in a bioreactor. This has the potential for use as a control system that could be designed for continuous monitoring and foam control in a mammalian cell bioprocess.