bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of serotonin and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid in guinea pig and human prostate using HPLC
Authors: Davis Nina S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe finding of significant numbers of endocrine‐paracrine (EP) cells in the prostate glands of guinea pigs and man suggests that these cells may be important in the regulation or modulation of prostatic function. Serotonin is a biogenic amine common to most prostatic EP cells. In order to extend current knowledge relating to these cells, an assay was developed using high‐performance liquid chromatography to quantitate serotonin and its metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) in guinea pig and human prostatic tissue extracts. Levels of serotonin and 5‐HIAA in the guinea pig whole‐gland preparation were 105.4 ± 70.6 ng/g and 48.4 ± 95.7 ng/g, respectively. Normal human prostatic tissue contained 1423.9 ± 750.8 ng/g serotonin and 66.7 ± 92.8 ng/g 5‐HIAA. Recoveries ranged between 60 and 100%. The detection limits were 24 pg/injection for serotonin and 12 pg/injection for 5‐HIAA. This assay provides an expeditious, specific and highly sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of monoamines in guinea pig and human prostatic tissue.
Application of the MTT assay to human prostate cancer cell lines in vitro: Establishment of test conditions and assessment of hormone‐stimulated growth and drug‐induced cytostatic and cytotoxic effects
Authors: Romijn J. C. , Verkoelen C. F. , Schroeder F. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study the usefulness of the MTT assay for the quantitation of growth modulating effects on cultured prostate cancer cell lines (PC‐3, PC‐93, and LNCaP) was investigated. The MTT test is based on the enzymatic reduction of the tetrazolium salt MTT [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazoliumbromide] in living, metabolically active cells but not in dead cells. The reaction is carried out in situ in multiwell plates, and the reaction product, a purple‐colored formazan soluble in dimethylsulfoxide, is measured colorimetri‐cally, using a multiwell plate reader. Optimal test conditions were established for each of the cell lines used. With the hormone‐sensitive cell line LNCaP, and stimulatory effect of the synthetic androgen R1881 was demonstrable by the MTT test. A sharp optimum occurred at a concentration of 10−10 M R1881. Treatment of cells of either cell line with antineoplastic agents resulted in a dose‐dependent reduction of MTT converting activity, reflecting the impaired survival of the drug‐treated cells. Good correlations of the results obtained with the MTT‐test, as compared with a thymidine incorporation assay or with direct DNA measurements, were observed. As the MTT test offers a high degree of precision and is easy to do, it is suitable for the purpose of (large‐scale) chemosensitivity testing. Moreover, serial measurements might easily be performed in order to provide additional information on the mode of action of the drugs tested, i.e., to discriminate between cytostatic and cytotoxic drug effects.
Primary endodermal sinus tumor of the prostate: Report of a case
Authors: Palma Paolo Dalla , Dante Stefania , Guazzieri Stefano , Sperandio Paola 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 29‐year‐old man was admitted to the Department of Urology of the University of Padova with a diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Cystourethrography showed a prostatic urethral obstruction, and CT scan demonstrated a low pelvic solid mass involving the prostate and the seminal vescicle. A radical prostatectomy was performed, and the prostate was found to be widely infiltrated by a neoplasia formed by tubules, papillary structures, and solid cords of cuboidal or flat elements, each having indistint borders and scant cytoplasm, in a myxoid or fibrous stroma. “Schiller‐Duval‐like,” PAS‐diastase‐resistant and alfa‐fetoprotein hyaline bodies were present. An endodermal sinus (yolk‐sac) tumor was diagnosed. There was infiltration of the periurethral prostatic ducts, prostatic urethra, and seminal vesicles and single lymph node metastasis. Testicular echotomography was negative. In spite of aggressive surgery and chemotherapy, the patient died 10 months after diagnosis. This is the third case in the literature after those presented by Benson and Michel.
Antiestrogens do not counteract the inhibitory effect of estradiol‐17β on the growth of the dunning R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Landström M. , Damber J‐E. , Bergh A. , Tomic R. , Carlsson‐Bostedt L. , Stigbrand T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate if the local effects of estradiol on the Dunning R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma were estrogen‐receptor mediated. All rats with the transplantable Dunning R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma were castrated on the first day of treatment and were supplemented with daily s.c. injections of testosterone propionate (0.1 mg) during the treatment period, lasting for 6 weeks. The following treatment groups were studied: castration + testosterone supplementation (C + T, control group), C+T and estradiol‐17β (50 μg/daily s.c.), C + T and tamoxifen (1 mg twice a week s.c.), and C + T and estradiol‐17β in combination with tamoxifen. Tumor volumes were measured every week. At the end of the treatment period, pieces of the tumors were taken for morphological studies and estrogen‐receptor analysis. In the groups of rats given tamoxifen treatment no estrogen‐receptor binding was detectable in prostatic tumors, but, despite this, tamoxifen did not prevent either the inhibitory effect of estradiol‐17β on the tumor growth rate or the estrogen‐induced decrease of volume density of prostatic glandular epithelium. In contrast, the estrogen‐induced increase of volume density of the stroma was abolished by tamoxifen, suggesting that this effect may be mediated by the estrogen receptor. A morphometrical method for estimating the growth of different tumor compartments is presented. Treatment with estradiol‐17β, both with or without combined treatment with tamoxifen, reduced the growth of both the tumor epithelium and stroma. The direct effect of estradiol‐17β on the growth and morphology of the Dunning R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma seemed not to be mediated by the estrogen receptor.
Relationship of prostatic acid phosphatase localization in human prostate by a monoclonal antibody with the gleason grading system
Authors: Sinha Akhouri A. , Gleason Donald F. , Wilson Michael J. , Wick Mark R. , Reddy Pratap K. , Blackard Clyde E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstatic acid phosphatase (PAP) was localized in human prostate with a monoclonal antibody prepared against PAP isoenzyme II to determine patterns of its expression in normal, hyperplastic (BPH), and cancerous glands. The monoclonal antibody reacted with both isoenzymes II and IV in immunoblot studies. Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue was used from patients who had not been treated with hormones or chemotherapy. In normal glands and BPH, there was marked variation in the intensity of PAP staining in morphologically otherwise similar epithelial cells. There was similar heterogeneity of staining in the adenocarcinomas. Rough quantification of the intensity patterns in the clinical groups indicated a slight shift to more intense staining in BPH and well‐differentiated carcinomas but a progressive decline in the PAP staining in the moderately and poorly differentiated tumors. This decrease in intracellular staining with decreasing differentiation is not inconsistent with the clinical observation that serum levels of acid phosphatase generally increase with higher grade and disseminated tumors, since the enzyme is simply more accessible to the circulatory system in those cases. The same decrease may explain the few disseminated tumors that are not associated with elevated serum levels.
Influences of dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, or prolactin on the cell kinetics of human hyperplastic prostatic tissue in organ culture
Authors: De Launoit Yvan , Kiss Robert , Jossa Veronique , Coibion Michel , Paridaens Robert J. , de Backer Emile , Danguy Andre J. , Pasteels Jean‐Lambert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn an effort to characterize the hormone sensitivity of human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) maintained in organ cultures for 12‐72 h, the influence of 5‐alpha‐dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T), 17‐beta‐estradiol (E2), progesterone (Pg), or prolactin (PRL) was assessed on the cell proliferation rate of 25 BPH specimens by the use of tritiated thymidine incorporation followed by autoradiography. Significant increases in the thymidine‐labeling index (TLI: percentage of labeled nuclei) were observed in glandular tissue after a 36‐h incubation period in presence of DHT, E2, Pg, or PRL in 52%, 44%, 28%, and 60% of BPH cases, respectively. Nonparametric statistics (Spearman and Kendall rank correlation tests) have shown that 1 the steroid‐induced TLI increases are dependent on the basal rate of cell proliferation, while the PRL‐induced effect is independent of it, and 2 all the steroid‐mediated effects on BPH TLI are correlated together, whereas they seem to be independent of the PRL‐induced TLI increase. When T was compared with DHT on nine BPH specimens, three were found to be sensitive to both hormones, and two responded to DHT only. We propose that our study methods are suitable as a means to assess the hormone sensitivity of individual cases of BPH and possibly prostatic tumors.
Expression of ras proto‐oncogenes in the dunning R3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma system
Authors: Cooke D. B. , Quarmby V. E. , Petrust P. , Mickey D. D. , Der C. J. , Isaacs J. T. , French F. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSteady‐state levels of c‐Ha‐ras mRNA were measured in eight sublines of the Dunning R3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. As a control, normal dorsal prostate tissue was studied. Increased expression of c‐Ha‐ras is associated with tumor progression in one lineage of the Dunning R3327 system (H to AT1 to MAT‐Lu and MAT‐Ly‐Lu). Here ras mRNA increases as the tumor advances from androgen dependence and a high degree of differentiation to an anaplastic aneuploid phenotype with high metastatic potential. However, in the other Dunning lineage (H to HI to HI‐F to AT3), expression of c‐Ha‐ras is variable and does not correlate with tumor progression. Immunocytochemistry showed that levels of the c‐Ha‐ras p21 protein paralleled steady‐state mRNA levels in all variants. Transfection assays, using NIH/3T3 cells, suggested that the ras loci were not activated in the R3327 tumors. Levels of c‐Ki‐ras mRNA were also measured in the Dunning tumors; these did not correlate with tumor progression in either lineage. Expression of N‐ras mRNA was not detected in the Dunning tumors.
Striated muscle in the biopsy specimen of the prostate
Authors: Hasui Yoshihiro , Shinkawa Tohru , Osada Yukio , Sumiyoshi Akinobu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe had a chance to see striated muscle fibers in the biopsy specimen of the prostate. We examined the prostate specimens of autopsied cases and biopsy specimens. The distribution of striated muscle fibers was studied with an immunohistochemical method for myoglobin to obtain their anatomical distribution in detail. We showed that the striated external sphincter muscle fibers were present in the peripheral zone of the prostatic gland (9.1%). Therefore, if striated muscle fibers are found in biopsy specimens of prostatic cancer, pathologists and urologists should not diagnose simply that the cancer invades beyond the prostatic capsule.
Aberrant response in vitro of hormone‐responsive prostate cancer cells to antiandrogens
Authors: Wilding George , Chen Michael , Gelmann Edward P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntiandrogens are in use alone and in combination with other agents as hormonal therapy for prostate cancer. We conducted studies on the androgen‐responsive human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP to determine the direct effects of three antiandrogens (hydroxyflutamide, RU23908, and cyproterone acetate) on hormone‐responsive human prostate cancer cells in culture. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) stimulated the growth of LNCaP cells in a dose‐dependent fashion. These cells contained approximately 31,000 high‐affinity (Kd = 9 × 10−10 M) androgen binding sites per cell. In the absence of any androgenic stimulation, all three antiandrogens tested showed agonistic properties by increasing the cell number and uptake of [3H]‐thymidine. Competitive uptake studies using [3H]‐R1881, a nonmetabolized androgen, showed that the three antiandrogens inhibited specific R1881 uptake with IC50s of 0.9 × 10−7 M for hydroxyflutamide, 2 × 10−7 M for RU23908, and 1 × 10−7 M for cyproterone acetate. It is not known whether these unexpected agonistic effects are due to an altered receptor, previously unmasked agonistic properties of the antiandrogens, or emergence of a hypersensitive clone of cells.
Case‐control study of prostatic cancer in Kyoto, Japan: Demographic and some lifestyle risk factors
Authors: Oishi Kenji , Okada Kenichiro , Yoshida Osamu , Yamabe Hirohiko , Ohno Yoshiyuki , Hayes Richard B. , Schroeder Fritz H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDemographic risk factors for prostatic cancer were examined in a case‐control study of 100 triplets of prostatic cancer patients and age‐, hospital‐, and admission date‐matched control series of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and general hospital patients. A higher risk of prostatic cancer was associated with the following factors: 1) long‐term occupation in transport or communication (relative risk [RR] = 4.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–20.5) as compared with hospital controls; 2) the wife having a lower educational level (RR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.02–3.45) as compared with hospital controls; 3) no past episode of hypertension as compared with BPH controls (RR = 2.30, 95%CI: 1.27–4.15); 4) having several sisters (more than four) as compared with both BPH and hospital controls (RR = 3.82, 95%CI: 1.35–10.8 and RR = 2.94, 95%CI: 1.08–8.03 respectively); 5) dense body hair as compared with hospital controls (RR = 4.28, 95%CI: 1.19–15.4). No significant links were found with blood type, daily drug use, head hair, skin color, body type, smoking habits, religion, body weight, and mental characteristics.
Binding of epidermal growth factor by human normal, hypertrophic, and carcinomatous prostate
Authors: Davies Peter , Eaton Colby L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSaturable binding sites for radioiodinated epidermal growth factor (EGF) have been quantified in surgical specimens of benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH), histologically normal (HN) prostate, and prostate cancer. Values for EGF binding did not differ significantly between HN prostate and prostate cancer, although dedifferentiated samples tended to higher levels. These were coincident with lower comparative levels of androgen receptors. Unfractionated BPH tissue contained lower levels of EGF binding than either HN or carcinomatous prostate, but in separated epithelial cells EGF binding fell into the same range. Saturation analyses showed two affinity classes of binding in all except dedifferentiated tissues.
Site‐specific growth of the prostate xenograft line UCRU‐PR‐2
Authors: Jelbart M. E. , Russell P. J. , Russell P. , Wass J. , Fullerton M. , Wills E. J. , Raghavan D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractJ. Wass<3>A xenografted small‐cell, undifferentiated prostate (SCUCP) cancer line, UCRU‐Pr‐2, was implanted at different sites within nude mice to examine the effect of local environmental factors on tumor growth and behavior. All tumors that grew were small‐cell carcinomas. Fragments implanted within muscle and under the kidney capsule were locally invasive; however, tumors that grew subcutaneously or intraperitoneally showed no invasion. UCRU‐Pr‐2 did not grow in the spleen or the liver. No induced metastases were observed in the lung after intravenous injection. The sites of implantation did not allow the outgrowth of subpopulations as detected by the parameters used: light and electron microscopy, expression of tumor markers, levels of hormone production, and DNA flow cytometry. Electron microscopy, which showed both glandular and neuroendocrine differentiation within the same cell, does not support a dual‐cell origin of SCUCP.
Estradiol—progesterone‐induced growth of the rat dorsolateral prostate: Effects on protein phosphorylation
Authors: Belis John A. , Durham John P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe combination of estradiol and progesterone can affect growth of the rat dorsolateral prostate by a mechanism that appears to be independent from androgen‐mediated activity. The effects of estradiol and progesterone on protein kinase activity and endogenous protein phosphorylation in the castrate rat dorsolateral prostate were compared with androgenic effects on these intracellular events. Differences in protein kinase activity and protein phosphorylation were found with each type of hormonal therapy. Changes in protein kinase activity and protein phosphorylation produced by estradiol and progesterone in the rat dorsolateral prostate were not found in the rat ventral prostate, which was not affected by these hormones in the 28 day length of this study.
Transrectal ultrasonography as a method to monitor canine prostatic size in situ: Measurements following endocrine manipulation and ejaculation
Authors: Juniewicz P. E. , Lemp B. M. , Batzold F. H. , Reel J. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransrectal ultrasonography was utilized to estimate canine prostatic size in situ following various experimental manipulations. By the use of dogs (n = 24) of various endocrine states, whose true prostatic weight varied from 2.28 to 73.25 g, a highly significant correlation (r = 0.99; P < 0.0001) was obtained between actual prostate weight determined gravimetrically and that estimated by ultrasound. The relationship between these two parameters was described by the regression equation: estimated prostatic weight (g) = 1.11 × gravimetric weight (g) ‐ 0.12. In addition, prostatic weight as estimated by ultrasound was comparable (P < 0.10) to that estimated by direct caliper measurement. The coefficent of variation associated with repeated ultrasound measurements averaged 8.88 ± 2.31% (mean ± SD; n = 5). Ejaculation induced by either digital massage or pilocarpine administration (0.7 mg/kg, i.v.) had no effect on prostatic weight as estimated by ultrasound. These results demonstrate that transrectal ultrasonography can accurately estimate and detect differences in prostate size owing to various experimental manipulations without the need for surgical intervention.
Inhibition of the pituitary‐gonadal axis by a single intramuscular administration of D‐trp‐6‐LH‐RH (decapeptyl) in a sustained‐release formulation in patients with prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Gonzalez‐Barcena David , Perez‐Sanchez Patricia L. , Graef Alicia , Gomez Ana Maria , Berea Hector , Comaru‐Schally Ana Maria , Schally Andrew V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor the past 6 years we used daily injection of luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LH‐RH) agonists to treat patients with advanced prostate carcinoma. In this study we determined the hormonal response of the pituitary‐testicular axis over a 2‐month period and evaluated the safety and tolerance of the single intramuscular administration of sustainedrelease formulations of D‐Trp‐6‐LH‐RH microcapsules designed to release 50, 100, or 200 μg/day for over 1 month. Serum levels of LH, testosterone, and D‐Trp‐6‐LH‐RH were measured by RIA for up to 60 days in 10 patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma who had not received any previous drug therapy. After the administration of the microcapsules there was a biphasic increase in D‐Trp‐6‐LH‐RH serum levels. The maximal peak was obtained between 1 and 3 hr, and a second peak occurred between weeks 4 and 6 LH levels increased initially, with a maximal peak at 60 min, and elevated serum LH values persisted for more than 24 hr. LH levels began to fall on the second day, reaching subnormal values after 1 week. Serum testosterone rose during the first week and fell subsequently to less than 100 ng/dl. A rebound in LH and testosterone was seen about the 50th day after the microcapsule administration. Following the first week of therapy, we observed in all patients a significant decrease in bone pain, improvement in urinary flow obstruction, and a reversal of the signs of prostatism. No side effects were observed, and acceptance of the microcapsules was very good. Our results show that a single dose of D‐Trp‐6‐LH‐RH microcapsules suppresses of the pituitary‐testicular axis for at least 50 days. D‐Trp‐6‐LH‐RH microcapsules facilitate the treatment and should lead to an improvement in the therapeutic response.
Comparative contractile responses among ventral, dorsal, and lateral lobes of the rat prostate
Authors: Steidle Christopher P. , Cohen Marlene L. , Hoover Dennis M. , Neubauer Blake Lee 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstatic zonal heterogeneity as a factor influencing urogenital smooth muscle contractile mechanisms was evaluated in the dorsal, lateral, and ventral lobes of the sexually mature rat. Additionally, using the ventral lobe, we assessed the role of the prostatic capsule to determine its contribution to tissue contractility. Smooth muscle contractile responses were determined for the alpha‐adrenergic agonists norepinephrine and methoxamine; the cholinergic agonist carbamylcholine; the alpha2‐adrenergic agonist UK‐14,304; serotonin; and potassium chloride. The dorsal, lateral, and ventral lobes contracted in response to all agonists. In the three lobes, norepinephrine was the most potent contractile agent; alpha2 receptor activation with UK‐14,304 resulted in the lowest maximum response. Carbamylcholine and serotonin were only weak contractile agonists in all three lobes. Maximum contractile responses to alpha agonists were greatest in the ventral prostate relative to the other two lobes, based on contractile responses to norepinephrine and methoxamine relative to KCl. The contractions of the ventral lobe in the presence and absence of the capsule were similar; thus the observed responses were not enhanced by the capsule but were attributable primarily to the presence of prostatic smooth muscle. Insofar as these studies with anatomically distinct lobes in the rat may reflect zonal homology in other species, these results support the contention that all zones may contribute to prostatic contractility.
Contractile properties of human prostate adenomas and the development of infravesical obstruction
Authors: Gup Daniel I. , Shapiro Ellen , Baumann Mary , Lepor Herbert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe contractile response of human prostate adenomas to KCI, phenylephrine (alpha1 adrenergic agonist), UK 14304 (alpha2 adrenergic agonist), and carbachol (muscarinic cholinergic agonist) was evaluated in tissue specimens obtained from men with symptomatic and asymptomatic BPH. Prostate specimens were obtained from 5 men with asymptomatic BPH undergoing cystoprostatectomy, 11 men with symptomatic BPH undergoing open prostatectomy, and 11 men with symptomatic BPH undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Quantitative symptom score analysis and urinary flow rate determination documented the absence of bladder outlet obstruction in men undergoing cystoprostatectomy and confirmed the presence of bladder outlet obstruction in men undergoing prostatectomy. The magnitude of the contractile response (Emax) and the potency of phenylephrine‐induced contractions (EC50) in prostatic preparations obtained from men with symptomatic and asymptomatic BPH were similar. The IC50 for the inhibition of phenylephrine‐induced contractions by prazosin was 3.2 nM, confirming that phenylephrineinduced contraction in the human prostate is mediated by the alpha1 adrenoceptor. The contractile responses of prostate adenomas to muscarinic cholinergic and alpha2 agonists were negligible. This study demonstrates that the development of bladder outlet obstruction in men with BPH is not related to alterations in the functional response of the smooth muscle component of the prostate adenoma.