bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in mate acceptance and host plant recognition between wild and laboratory‐reared Busseola fusca (Fuller)
Authors: Calatayud P.‐A. , Juma G. , Njagi P. G. N. , Faure N. , Calatayud S. , Dupas S. , Le Rü B. , Magoma G. , Silvain J.‐F. , Frérot B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe present study was aimed at characterizing differences in mate acceptance and host plant recognition between Busseola fusca (Lep.: Noctuidae) reared for several generations under laboratory conditions and wild conspecifics, directly collected from maize stems in the field. The mating success was significantly higher in laboratory reared when compared with the wild B. fusca population. Oviposition on artificial stems was significantly higher for laboratory‐reared insects than for the wild ones. Moreover, unlike adults of the wild strain, laboratory‐reared B. fusca showed no preference to oviposit on surrogate stems impregnated with maize extracts. Long‐range attraction to the host plant was significantly lower for laboratory‐reared insects. Furthermore, the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) analysis of mitochondrial DNA showed that the wild type and laboratory populations belonged to the same genetic strain, indicating that these differences between the populations were mainly phenotypic.
Characterizing laboratory colonies of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) selected for survival on maize containing event DAS‐59122‐7
Authors: Lefko S. A. , Nowatzki T. M. , Thompson S. D. , Binning R. R. , Pascual M. A. , Peters M. L. , Simbro E. J. , Stanley B. H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractEvent DAS‐59122‐7 is a novel transgenic trait designed to protect the roots and yield potential of maize from the insect pest corn rootworm Diabrotica spp. (Col.: Chrysomelidae). The increased pest status of corn rootworm, exceptional efficacy of this trait, and anticipated increases in farm efficiency and grower and environmental safety will drive adoption of this trait. Strong grower acceptance of this trait highlights the importance of science‐based and practical resistance management strategies. A non‐diapause trait was introgressed into two laboratory colonies of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera collected from geographically distinct locations: Rochelle, IL and York, NE. Both colonies were divided and each reared on maize containing event DAS‐59122‐7 or its near isoline. Selected and unselected colonies were evaluated for phenotypic change in larval development, injury potential and survival to adulthood during 10 and 11 generations. The F1 generation of both selected colonies displayed increased larval development, survivorship and measurable, but economically insignificant increases in injury potential on DAS‐59122‐7 maize. Survival rates of 0.4 and 1.3% in F1 generations of both selected colonies corroborate field estimates of survival on DAS‐59122‐7 maize. Over later generations, total phenotypic variation declined gradually and irregularly. Despite the absence of random mating, the tolerance trait could not be fixed in either population after 10 or 11 generations of selection. An allele conferring major resistance to DAS‐59122‐7 was not identified in either selected colony. The assessment also concluded that major resistance gene(s) are rare in populations of D. v. virgifera in the United States, and that a minor trait(s) conferring a low level of survival on DAS‐59122‐7 maize was present. The tolerance trait identified in this study was considered minor with respect to its impact on DAS‐59122‐7 maize efficacy, and the role this trait may play in total effective refuge for major resistance genes with recessive inheritance is the basis of future work.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Thai Isolates ofPyricularia griseaby Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA
Authors: Sirithunya P. , Sreewongchai T. , Sriprakhon S. , Toojinda T. , Pimpisithavorn S. , Kosawang C. , Smitamana P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOne hundred and seventy‐four isolates ofPyricularia griseawere collected from various hosts such as barley, rice, weed and wild rice in Thailand. Seven arbitrary decamer primers from the set of University of British Columbia were employed and nine lineages were classified. Lineages B, C and H were predominant, contributing up to 70% of total pathogens in this study. Analysis showed that the distribution of each lineage differs from the predominant lineages across Thailand in such that other lineages were restricted in particular area. For instance, lineage A was limited only in southern Thailand, whereas wide distribution of lineages B and C reflected an influence of both biological and physical effects on pathogen variation. Principal component analysis resulted in a total of four groups of blast pathogen with small distinctions between barley‐, rice‐, weed‐ and wild rice‐infected blast. Bridging relationships occurred among border isolates of weed and rice blast suggesting a chance of migrations between hosts. Higher diversity was observed in northern, north‐eastern and central Thailand while eastern and southern parts were rather low. Genetic diversity indices elucidated an abundance of pathogen lineages existing in northern Thailand suggesting that it should be the centre of diversity.
Molecular Characterization of a Strain of Squash leaf curl China Virus from North India
Authors: Singh R. , Raj S. K. , Prasad V. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA Begomovirus causing yellow vein mosaic disease of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) was characterized at molecular level by cloning and sequence analysis of its complete DNA‐A genome. The DNA‐A of the isolate contains 2758 nucleotides which encode six open reading frames (ORFs): AV1 and AV2 in the virion‐sense and AC1, AC2, AC3 and AC4 in the complementary‐sense. Based on the highest (96%) sequence identities and close phylogenetic relationships with Squash leaf curl China virus species, the Begomovirus was identified as strain of Squash leaf curl China virus. The presence of DNA‐B genome of the virus strain was also detected by dot blot hybridization test using DNA‐B specific probe.
Post‐inoculation Population Dynamics of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Associated Bacteria in Pine Wilt Disease on Pinus thunbergii
Authors: Xie L. Q. , Zhao B. G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPopulation dynamics of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (PWN) and its accompanying bacteria in non‐inoculated twigs along with the process of the disease was observed in Japanese black pine, Pinus thunbergii inoculated with PWN. In the non‐inoculated twigs, bacteria could be detected when only a few pine needles became yellow. Once most needles had turned yellow or brown, the nematode began to appear and the bacterial populations increased. At the late stages of the disease when the inoculated pine was dying and the needles were totally wilted, the populations of both nematode and bacteria started to increase rapidly. Only a few bacterial species were found at the early stages. As the disease process advanced, the bacterial populations increased rapidly in both population size and variety of the species. However, Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. sp., Pantoea sp. and Sphimgomenas pancimobilis, remained dominant.
Effects of the Plant Defence Inducer, Acibenzolar‐S‐Methyl, on Hypocotyl Rot of Soybean Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG‐4
Authors: Faessel L. , Nassr N. , Lebeau T. , Walter B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe plant defence inducer, acibenzolar‐S‐methyl (ASM) was tested for its ability to protect soybean against hypocotyl rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG‐4. ASM in vitro exhibited an antifungal dose‐dependant activity in the form of reduced mycelial growth. This inhibition reached 40% in comparison with the control at a concentration of 0.5 g/l ASM in the growth media. Seed imbibition with ASM at a concentration of 0.08 g/l and 0.5 g/l significantly induced a reduction of the intensity of hypocotyl rot symptoms caused by R. solani AG‐4 that was correlated with a stimulation of chitinase activity. The protective effect of ASM against R. solani AG‐4 is probably due to the combination of induced resistance and its effect on pathogen growth. Seed treatment with ASM affected also the growth of 2‐day‐old seedlings. A dose‐dependant inhibition of the seminal root growth was observed which reached 53% at a concentration of 0.5 g/l ASM. This growth reduction of soybean was transitional and was rapidly recovered in optimal growth conditions except at 0.5 g/l of ASM.
Inheritance of siliqua orientation and seed coat colour in Brassica tournefortii
Authors: Choudhary B. R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe inheritance of siliqua orientation and seed coat colour in Brassica tournefortii was investigated using four genotypes varying in these two characters. The F1, F2 and backcross generations of two crosses were used for studying the segregation pattern of the traits. The plants were classified for seed colour as having brown or yellow seeds and for siliqua orientation as having upright, semi‐spread or spread siliqua. Seed colour was found to be under monogenic control with brown being dominant over yellow. Siliqua orientation was under digenic polymeric gene action: upright siliqua was produced by the presence of two dominant genes and spread siliqua by two recessive genes. The absence of even a single dominant gene resulted in a third type of siliqua orientation, semi‐spread siliqua.
Injuries induced in different strawberry genotypes by winter freeze and their effect on subsequent yield
Authors: Shokaeva D. B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSevere frosts without snow cover are disastrous for the garden strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa Duch. The objectives of this study were to determine injuries, caused by freeze to crowns and roots of 13 and five different cultivars/lines in 2002 and 2003, respectively; to observe subsequent plant behaviour; to measure yield and to find out its dependence upon the injuries. Based on percentages of injured branch crowns and roots, estimates of plant growth and yields, the relationships between the indices have been established. Root injury has had a stronger effect on plant growth compared with crown injury. Yield has been found to be correlated only with plant growth, root damage and root‐to‐crown ratio of per cent survival when root damage was heavy. Two different strategies of the cultivars/lines, associated with their morphological characteristics and physiological peculiarities influencing plant survival, growth and yield, have been revealed. To discern the characters and cultivar types that can be valuable in such extreme conditions, differences in the genotypes responses to freeze are examined and thoroughly analysed in the paper.
Development of molecular markers linked to the wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm4b and marker validation for molecular breeding
Authors: Yi Y. J. , Liu H. Y. , Huang X. Q. , An L. Z. , Wang F. , Wang X. L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPowdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici, is an important disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) was employed to identify SRAP (sequence‐related amplified polymorphism), sequence tagged site (STS) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to the Pm4b gene, which confers good resistance to powdery mildew in wheat. Out of 240 SRAP primer combinations tested, primer combinations Me8/Em7 and Me12/Em7 yielded 220‐bp and 205‐bp band, respectively, each of them associated with Pm4b. STS‐241 also linked to Pm4b with a genetic distance of 4.9 cM. Among the eight SSR markers located on wheat chromosome 2AL, Xgwm382 was found to be polymorphic and linked to Pm4b with a genetic distance of 11.8 cM. Further analysis was carried out using the four markers to investigate marker validation for marker‐assisted selection (MAS). The results showed that a combination of the linked markers STS−241, Me8/Em7−220 and Xgwm382 could be used for marker‐assisted selection of the resistance gene Pm4b in wheat breeding programmes.
Plant survival after freezing in wheat ‘Cappelle Desprez’ (‘Bezostaya 1’) intervarietal chromosome substitution lines
Authors: Ganeva G. , Petrova T. , Law C. N. , Landjeva S. , Sayers L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe effect of individual chromosomes of the wheat variety ‘Bezostaya 1’ on plant resistance to low temperatures was studied using the available set of intervarietal ‘Cappelle Desprez’ (‘Bezostaya 1’) chromosome substitution lines. The number of plants surviving after freezing at −12, −15 and −17°C was determined for both parents and lines in trials in 2004/2005 and 2005/2006. Significant differences between the three temperature treatments and between lines were found, implying that two factors, the level of temperature stress and chromosome substitutions, were influencing plant survival. Improved frost resistance in both trials was associated with genes located on five chromosomes: 5A, 2D, 4A, 5D and 6A. An increase in the plant frost resistance because of the effects of 7A and 1A chromosomes was also observed in the 2005/2006 trial, when the overall autumn and winter (January) temperatures were lower than in 2004/2005.
Beet mild yellowing virus resistance derived from wild and cultivated Beta germplasm
Authors: Grimmer M. K. , Bean K. M. R. , Luterbacher M. C. , Stevens M. , Asher M. J. C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris L.) has a relatively narrow genetic base and several programmes have sought to evaluate the potential for introducing novel traits from wild and cultivated Beta germplasm into the crop. In particular, resistance to important sugar beet diseases has been identified within individual Beta accessions. We report here the successful transfer of resistance to Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) from garden beet, fodder beet and leaf beet accessions to progeny populations in initial crosses with sugar beet. Twelve plant populations derived from different Beta accessions were inoculated with viruliferous aphids carrying BMYV and the virus content of individual plants subsequently quantified by an ELISA test. Seven populations were significantly more resistant than a control sugar beet cultivar (P ≤ 0.05). BMYV resistance was successfully inherited in BC1 and BC2 generations, suggesting that resistance could potentially be introgressed from these sources into elite sugar beet lines.
Optimization of mature embryo‐based high frequency callus induction and plant regeneration from elite wheat cultivars grown in China
Authors: Yu Y. , Wang J. , Zhu M.‐L. , Wei Z.‐M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe have developed an efficient procedure for plant regeneration of elite wheat cultivars using mature embryos. Firstly, we established the optimal combination of basal media, inoculation method and pretreatment method using biostatistical methods. The results indicated that the combination of MS medium and longitudinally bisected mature embryos showed the highest culture efficiency, whereas the pretreatment method had no significant effects on callus induction or plant regeneration. A 70% primary callus induction rate was achieved on MS medium containing 2 mg/l 2,4‐d for all tested cultivars. Primary calli were then transferred onto the subculture medium to initiate embryogenic calli. Supplementation of the subculture medium with the appropriate combination of phytohormones (2.0 mg/l 2,4‐d, 0.5 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA) significantly enhanced embryogenic callus production. The addition of AgNO3 (10 mg/l) in regeneration medium promoted plant regeneration, whereas CuSO4 stimulated root formation. The use of this protocol achieved successful plant regeneration in eight tested cultivars. The culture efficiency ranged from 15.3% to 36.8%, suggesting this regeneration system may be an effective alternative for wheat genetic transformation.
Feeding quality assessment of fresh maize stover by means of near‐infrared spectroscopy with a new sample presentation unit
Authors: Montes J. M. , Mirdita V. , Prasad K. , Blummel M. , Melchinger A. E. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractStover quality traits are important in breeding programmes of maize cultivars. However, conventional procedures for evaluation of stover quality are expensive and thus limit the full exploitation of the available genetic variability. Our objective was to assess the potential of near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with a new sample presentation unit to determine feeding quality of maize stover. The plant material comprised maize inbreds and hybrids. The sample presentation unit was equipped with a near‐infrared diode‐array spectrometer. Coefficient of determination in cross‐validation ranged between 0.77 and 0.94 for contents of dry matter, nitrogen, neutral detergent fibre and in vitro fermentability expressed as gas volume after 24h incubation time, but it was lower for ash content. It was concluded that NIRS with the new sample presentation unit was less accurate than laboratory NIRS to predict the standard reference methods. However, the new sample presentation unit might be used as a fast and efficient technique to perform large screenings of maize stover accessions in breeding programmes.
Vascular endothelial growth factor in epithelial lining fluid of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: KOH Hidefumi , TASAKA Sadatomo , HASEGAWA Naoki , ASANO Koichiro , KOTANI Toru , MORISAKI Hiroshi , TAKEDA Junzo , FUJISHIMA Seitaro , MATSUDA Tomoyuki , HASHIMOTO Satoru , ISHIZAKA Akitoshi 
Published: March 2008

Background and objective:  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to contribute to the development of pulmonary oedema, and has been suggested to have a protective role against lung injury. To determine the role of VEGF in acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS, VEGF levels were measured in lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) collected from patients with ALI/ARDS.Methods:  Forty patients with ALI/ARDS underwent bronchoscopic microsampling to collect ELF on days 0 (onset of ALI/ARDS), 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10, unless the patient was extubated or had died. Twelve patients, who underwent bronchoscopy for examination of small, peripheral pulmonary nodules, served as controls.Results:  The initial (day 0) levels of VEGF in ELF of the ALI/ARDS patients who survived and those who did not were 5.5 ng/mL (IQR: 2.3–19.7) and 1.7 ng/mL (IQR: 0.0–6.4), respectively. On days 0, 5, 7 and 10, the VEGF levels in ELF were significantly greater in survivors than in non‐survivors (P < 0.05). VEGF levels on days 1 and 3 did not differ between survivors and non‐survivors. There was no significant difference in ELF VEGF levels between control subjects and patients with ALI/ARDS at any time point. Lung injury score was inversely correlated with VEGF concentration in ELF (P < 0.001).Conclusions:  In patients with ALI/ARDS, elevated VEGF levels in ELF may predict a better outcome. Increased production of VEGF in the injured lung may contribute to resolution of inflammation in the lung.
Submucosal gland cells in human lower airways produce MUC5AC protein
Authors: INOUE Daisuke , KUBO Hiroshi , WATANABE Mika , SASAKI Takahiko , YASUDA Hiroyasu , NUMASAKI Muneo , SASAKI Hidetada , YAMAYA Mutsuo 
Published: March 2008

Background and objective:  It is now considered that the major component of mucus, MUC5AC, is mainly produced by goblet cells but not submucosal glands, and the role of the submucosal glands in the production of MUC5AC is unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify whether human submucosal glands produce MUC5AC.Methods:  Immunohistochemical analysis with MUC5AC antibody of lower airways resected from six lung cancer patients and three patients with acute myocardial infarction was performed.Results:  The submucosal glands contained both MUC5AC‐positive cells and non‐positive cells.Conclusions:  These data suggest that MUC5AC protein is produced in both goblet cells and in airway submucosal glands.
Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from adult patients with community‐acquired pneumonia in Japan
Authors: ISHIDA Tadashi , MANIWA Ko , KAGIOKA Hitoshi , HIRABAYASHI Masataka , ONARU Koichi , TOMIOKA Hiromi , HAYASHI Michio , TOMII Keisuke , GOHMA Iwao , ITO Yutaka , HIRAI Toyohiro , ITO Isao , MISHIMA Michiaki 
Published: March 2008

Background and objective:  Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is the most common pathogen associated with community‐acquired pneumonia and its resistance to antimicrobials is a worldwide problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the current drug susceptibilities of S. pneumoniae isolated from adult patients with community‐acquired pneumonia in Japan.Methods:  S. pneumoniae strains isolated from adult patients with pneumococcal pneumonia from 10 institutions were collected prospectively between May 2003 and October 2004 and tested for drug susceptibilities. Clinical data were analysed and the risk factors for drug resistance investigated.Results:  A total of 141 isolates of S. pneumoniae were analysed. Of these S. pneumoniae isolates, 46.1% had intermediate penicillin resistance and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) occurring in the greatest number of isolates and MIC90 value was 2 μg/mL. The prevalence of resistance to macrolides was 80%, with the MIC90 values being greater than or equal to 16 μg/mL. Approximately 40% of the strains were resistant to oral third‐generation cephems. Penicillin and erythromycin resistance were both associated with the pre‐existing chronic disease states.Conclusions:  The cephem and macrolide resistance of S. pneumoniae was higher than penicillin resistance in adult patients with community‐acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan. We recommend that bacterial identification and sensitivities are determined in areas where the macrolide resistance to S. pneumoniae is high.
Rapid non‐genomic effects of glucocorticoids on oxidative stress in a guinea pig model of asthma
Authors: LONG Fei , WANG Yan , QI Hui‐Hui , ZHOU Xin , JIN Xian‐Qiao 
Published: March 2008

Background and objective:  Glucocorticoids (GC) may exert therapeutic effects in asthma by a rapid non‐genomic mechanism. The lungs of asthmatic patients are exposed to oxidative stress, which is believed to be critical in the pathogenesis of asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate whether GC exert a rapid non‐genomic effect on oxidative stress in asthmatic guinea pigs.Methods:  The guinea pig asthma model was used to assess inhibitory effects of budesonide (BUD) on oxidative stress. BAL fluid (BALF), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and lung manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity were measured by spectrophotometry. Superoxide anion production was measured by cytochrome c reduction assay.Results:  Oxidative stress occurred within minutes following antigen challenge and BUD reduced the severity of oxidative stress in asthmatic guinea pigs within 15 min. BUD significantly decreased BALF trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and lung MnSOD activity, as compared with those of vehicle‐treated asthmatic guinea pigs (P < 0.05). Additionally, BUD rapidly inhibited in vitro superoxide anion production by BALF cells and bronchi harvested from sensitized animals. These rapid effects were not blocked by the GC receptor antagonist RU486 and/or the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide.Conclusions:  BUD reduced oxidative stress in a guinea pig model of asthma by a rapid non‐genomic mechanism. These data suggest new mechanisms whereby GC treatments may benefit asthma.