bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural History of Antibodies to Deamidated Gliadin Peptides and Transglutaminase in Early Childhood Celiac Disease
Authors: Liu Edwin , Li Marcella , Emery Lisa , Taki Iman , Barriga Kathy , Tiberti Claudio , Eisenbarth George S , Rewers Marian J , Hoffenberg Edward J 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Gliadin proteins play a key role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease; however, as a screen for celiac disease, anti‐gliadin antibody testing has been replaced by the more sensitive and specific serological assays for transglutaminase autoantibodies (TGAA). A new generation of anti‐gliadin antibody assays has been developed to detect synthetic, deamidated homologous gliadin peptides (DGP) with high sensitivity and specificity.Methods:Sera were collected prospectively from children with an increased risk for celiac disease as part of an ongoing study at Denver, and studied for the development of celiac autoimmunity. We investigated the high‐performance DGP antibody assay in 50 TGAA‐positive children both before the development of celiac autoimmunity and following the institution of a gluten‐free diet to determine the relationship of DGP antibodies to TGAA. TGAA were measured by an in‐house radioassay.Results:DGP antibodies and TGAA parallel each other over the period of years children were studied. DGP antibodies resolved sooner than TGAA in subjects on a gluten‐free diet. DGP antibodies appeared earlier than TGAA in 9 children.Conclusions:Measuring DGP antibodies may be more useful than TGAA in monitoring children on a gluten‐free diet. DGP antibodies can precede the appearance of TGAA in some at‐risk children.
Early Stage of Biliary Atresia Is Associated With Significant Changes in 8‐Hydroxydeoxyguanosine and Mitochondrial Copy Number
Authors: Tiao Mao‐Meng , Lin Tsu‐Kung , Kuo Fang‐Ying , Huang Chao‐Cheng , Du Yung‐Ying , Chen Chao‐Long , Chuang Jiin‐Haur 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTObjectives:Oxidative stress is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of biliary atresia (BA), but the mechanism has yet to be elucidated. We studied 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) and mitochondrial copy number as potential markers for oxidative stress in BA.Methods:Hepatic immunoreactive 8‐OHdG expression was investigated during the early stage of BA when the patients received Kasai portoenterostomy (KP), during the late stage when the patients received liver transplantation (LT), in patients with choledochal cyst as disease control, and in patients with histologically normal liver as normal control. Apoptosis of liver cells was examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated 2′‐deoxyuridine 5′‐triphosphate‐biotin nick end‐labeling stain. The mitochondrial DNA copy number was measured by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results:The number of hepatocytes positive for immunoreactive 8‐OHdG was significantly increased in KP (65% ± 18%) compared with LT (30% ± 32%; P = 0.029) and choledochal cyst (25% ± 20%; P = 0.037). The 8‐OHdG labeling index was significantly correlated with the grade of chronic hepatitis activity (Spearman r = 0.495; P = 0.037). The hepatocyte terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated 2′‐deoxyuridine 5′‐triphosphate‐biotin nick end‐labeling index in KP (15% ± 4%) was significantly higher than that in LT (5% ± 2%; P = 0.018) and in choledochal cyst (3% ± 2%; P = 0.010). Mitochondrial copy number was significantly less in KP than in LT (7.33 ± 0.75 vs 8.91 ± 1.32; P = 0.045) and in normal control (7.33 ± 0.75 vs 9.20 ± 1.20; P = 0.021).Conclusions:The early stage of BA is associated with stronger inflammatory reaction, augmented oxidative DNA, and mitochondrial DNA damage as manifested by higher immunoreactive 8‐OHdG and apoptotic activities and by a decrease in mitochondrial copy number.
Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among serotypes ofCampylobacter jejuniisolates from cattle and poultry in Japan
Authors: Harada Kazuki , Ozawa Manao , Ishihara Kanako , Koike Ryoji , Asai Tetsuo , Ishikawa Hitoshi 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTPenner serotypes ofC. jejuniin a total of 601 isolates from apparently healthy cattle, layer and broiler chickens in Japan were examined between 2001 and 2006. Predominant serotypes were B (O: 2, 19.1%), D (O: 4, 13.5%), Y (O: 37, 7.3%) and G (O: 8, 5.8%), whereas the remaining serotypes made up less than 5% of the total isolates. The frequency of ampicillin resistance in serotype G (65.6%) was significantly higher than in serotypes D (12.5%), B (11.2%), and Y (0%). Our results suggest that serotype is one factor contributing to the prevalence of ampicillin resistance inC. jejuniisolates.
Presence of a novel Ehrlichia sp. in Ixodes granulatus found in Okinawa, Japan
Authors: Takano Ai , Ando Shuji , Kishimoto Toshio , Fujita Hiromi , Kadosaka Teruki , Nitta Yoshiki , Kawabata Hiroki , Watanabe Haruo 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT Ehrlichia‐specific DNA fragments of Ehrlichia omp‐1 and groEL genes were found in two I. granulatus ticks which had been collected from wild small mammals in a subtropical zone in Japan. The DNA sequences of groEL and 16SrDNA of the suspected Ehrlichia were clustered into a group of E. chaffeensis, E. muris, and Ehrlichia sp. HF565 found in I. ovatus, but were distinctly different. Therefore the Ehrlichia strain was designated as a novel Ehrlichia sp. 360. The Ehrlichia sp. 360 was detected in I. granulatus but not in any other ticks. This suggests that I. granulatus is a probable vector of Ehrlichia sp. 360 in Japan.
Phospholipase C‐mediated calcium signalling is required for fungal development and pathogenicity inMagnaporthe oryzae
Authors: RHO HEE‐SOOL , JEON JUNHYUN , LEE YONG‐HWAN 
Published: March 2009

SUMMARYCalcium signalling has profound implications in the fungal infection of plants and animals, during which a series of physiological and morphological transitions are required. In this article, using a model fungal pathogen,Magnaporthe oryzae, we demonstrate that the regulation of the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]int) is essential for fungal development and pathogenesis. Imaging of [Ca2+]intshowed that infection‐specific morphogenesis is highly correlated with the spatiotemporal regulation of calcium flux. Deletion of the fungal phospholipase C gene (M. oryzaephospholipase C 1,MoPLC1) suppressed calcium flux, resulting in a fungus defective in developmental steps, including appressorium formation and pathogenicity. Surprisingly, thePLC‐δ1gene of mouse was able to functionally substitute forMoPLC1by restoring the calcium flux, suggesting the evolutionary conservation of the phospholipase C‐mediated regulation of calcium flux. Our results reveal that MoPLC1 is a conserved modulator of calcium flux that is essential for the regulation of key steps in fungal development and pathogenesis.
Risk factors for deterioration of erectile function: the Krimpen study
Authors: Schouten Boris W. V. , Bohnen Arthur M. , Dohle Gert R. , Groeneveld Frans P. M. J. , Willemsen Sten , Thomas Siep , Bosch J. L. H. Ruud 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThis report from the Krimpen study explored the relationship between the determinants for worsening of erectile function in the open population. In Krimpen aan den IJssel (a municipality near Rotterdam), all men aged 50–75 years, without cancer of the prostate or the bladder and without a history of radical prostatectomy or neurogenic bladder disease, were invited to participate in June 1995. The response rate was 50%. The follow‐up was until June 2004. At baseline a visit to a health centre for the measurement of urinalysis, height, weight and blood pressure was part of the ongoing study. During baseline and at the first follow‐up, second follow‐up and third follow‐up, a self‐administered booklet consisting of a compilation of validated questionnaires including the International Continence Society male sex questionnaire was completed. At the urology outpatient clinic, a urological workup was measured. All participants were asked to keep a frequency–volume chart for 3 days. A multivariate Cox‐proportional hazard model was constructed to find the determinants of worsening of erectile function, correcting for age. Total follow‐up time was 4948 person years consisting of 975 men. During follow‐up, 441 events of worsening of erectile function occurred. Multivariate Cox‐proportional hazard ratio analyses showed that body mass index (BMI), irritative lower urinary tract symptoms, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and sexual inactivity were determinants with significant hazard ratios. In addition to age, determinants for a deterioration of erectile function based on multivariate longitudinal analyses are BMI, diabetes mellitus, COPD, sexual inactivity and irritative IPSS. The mechanism of various determinants is discussed.
Zinc status and vacuolar zinc transporters control alkaline phosphatase accumulation and activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Qiao Wei , Ellis Charissa , Steffen Janet , Wu Chang‐Yi , Eide David J. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryLittle is known about how metalloproteins in the secretory pathway obtain their metal ion cofactors. We used the Pho8 alkaline phosphatase of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to probe this process in vivo. We found that both Pho8 activity and protein accumulation are zinc‐dependent and decrease in zinc‐limited cells. Low Pho8 accumulation was the result of degradation by vacuolar proteases. Surprisingly, the protective effect of zinc on Pho8 stability was not solely due to Zn2+ binding to the active‐site ligands suggesting that the Pho8 protein is targeted for degradation in zinc‐limited cells by another mechanism. Pho8 appears to be a rare example of a metalloprotein whose stability is regulated by its metal cofactor independently of active‐site binding. We also assessed which zinc transporters are responsible for supplying zinc to Pho8. We found that the Zrc1 and Cot1 vacuolar zinc transporters play the major role while the Msc2/Zrg17 zinc transporter complex active in the endoplasmic reticulum is not involved. These results demonstrate that the vacuolar zinc transporters, previously implicated in metal detoxification, also deliver zinc to certain metalloproteins within intracellular compartments. These data suggest that Pho8 receives its metal cofactor in the vacuole rather than in earlier compartments of the secretory pathway.
Stringent response in Vibrio cholerae: genetic analysis of spoT gene function and identification of a novel (p)ppGpp synthetase gene
Authors: Das Bhabatosh , Pal Ritesh Ranjan , Bag Satyabrata , Bhadra Rupak K. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryRelA and SpoT of Gram‐negative organisms critically regulate cellular levels of (p)ppGpp. Here, we have dissected the spoT gene function of the cholera pathogen Vibrio cholerae by extensive genetic analysis. Unlike Escherichia coli, V. choleraeΔrelAΔspoT cells accumulated (p)ppGpp upon fatty acid or glucose starvation. The result strongly suggests RelA‐SpoT‐independent (p)ppGpp synthesis in V. cholerae. By repeated subculturing of a V. choleraeΔrelAΔspoT mutant, a suppressor strain with (p)ppGpp0 phenotype was isolated. Bioinformatics analysis of V. cholerae whole genome sequence allowed identification of a hypothetical gene (VC1224), which codes for a small protein (∼29 kDa) with a (p)ppGpp synthetase domain and the gene is highly conserved in vibrios; hence it has been named relV. Using E. coliΔrelA or ΔrelAΔspoT mutant we showed that relV indeed codes for a novel (p)ppGpp synthetase. Further analysis indicated that relV gene of the suppressor strain carries a point mutation at nucleotide position 676 of its coding region (ΔrelAΔspoT relV676), which seems to be responsible for the (p)ppGpp0 phenotype. Analysis of a V. choleraeΔrelAΔspoTΔrelV triple mutant confirmed that apart from canonical relA and spoT genes, relV is a novel gene in V. cholerae responsible for (p)ppGpp synthesis.
Mechanisms of polar arrest of a replication fork
Authors: Kaplan Daniel L. , Bastia Deepak 
Published: March 2009

SummaryA DNA replication terminator sequence blocks an approaching replication fork when the moving replisome approaches from just one direction. The mechanism underlying polar arrest has been debated for years, but recent work has helped to reveal how a replication fork is blocked in Escherichia coli. Early work suggested that asymmetric interaction between terminator protein and terminator DNA contributes to polar fork arrest. A later study demonstrated that if the terminator DNA is partially unwound, the resulting melted DNA could bind tightly to the terminator protein, suggesting a mechanism for polar arrest that involves a locked complex. However, recent evidence suggests that the terminator protein–DNA contacts are not sufficient for polar arrest in vivo. Furthermore, polar arrest of a replication fork still occurs in the absence of a locked complex between the terminator protein and DNA. In E. coli and Bacillus subtilis, the bound terminator protein makes protein–protein contacts with the replication fork helicase, and these contacts are critical in blocking progression of the advancing fork. Thus, we propose that interactions between the replication fork helicase and terminator protein are the primary mechanism for polar fork arrest in bacteria, and that this primary mechanism is modulated by asymmetric contacts between the terminator protein and its cognate DNA sequence. In yeast, terminator sequences are present in rDNA non‐transcribed spacers and a region immediately preceding the mating type switch locus Mat1, and the mechanism of polar arrest at these regions is beginning to be elucidated.
A direct association of polyomavirus BK viruria with deterioration of renal allograft function in renal transplant patients
Authors: Li Yi‐Jung , Chen Yung‐Chang , Lai Ping‐Chin , Fang Ji‐Tseng , Yang Chih‐Wei , Chiang Yang‐Jen , Chu Sheng‐Hsien , Wu Ming‐Ju , Tian Ya‐Chung 
Published: March 2009

Abstract: Background:  Polyomavirus BK virus (BKV) causes a BKV‐associated nephropathy (BKVAN), frequently causing allograft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients. As BK viruria is a surrogate marker for early detection of BKVAN, the aim of this study was to clarify an association between BK viruria and allograft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients.Methods:  One hundred and six renal transplant recipients with average 5.9‐yr transplant duration received screening for quantification of BK viruria detected by real time polymerase chain reaction and were followed up for 12 months.Results:  Twenty‐six patients (25%) had detectable BK viruria. In comparison of the patients without BK viruria, more patients in the BK viruria group were treated with steroids and had a past history of acute rejection. There was no difference in sex, age, transplant duration, allograft type and previous cytomegalovirus infection. During follow‐up, the patients with BK viruria had higher serum creatinine levels at the sixth, ninth and 12th month. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that BK viruria was the only risk factor for more than 25% or 50% rise of serum creatinine level above baseline at the end of one yr follow‐up.Conclusions:  BK viruria alone is associated with allograft dysfunction and early intervention is indicated.
Mating compatibility among populations of codling moth Cydia pomonella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from different geographic origins
Authors: Taret G. , Sevilla M. , Wornoayporn V. , Islam A. , Ahmad S. , Caceres C. , Robinson A. S. , Vreysen M. J. B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe codling moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a serious pest of pome fruit worldwide and the sterile insect technique (SIT) provides an environmentally acceptable approach for its control. As the pest is present in both the southern and northern hemispheres it would be possible for a rearing facility in the northern hemisphere to supply sterile moths to an SIT programme in the southern hemisphere during the northern winter and vice versa. This could greatly improve the economics of moth production and the running costs of rearing facilities. However in order to develop this concept, it is important to assess if populations of codling moth from different geographical regions share mating compatibility. Twelve different laboratory and field populations from both hemispheres were sampled and field cage bisexual mating compatibility tests were carried out between selected combinations. The index of sexual isolation (ISI) and the female and male relative performance index (FRPI and MRPI, respectively) were calculated for each mating combination. In only two of the combinations was there a slight but significant deviation from random mating. There were also some significant differences in mating duration between the homotypic matings and the duration of a particular homotypic mating seemed to depend on the origin of the other population in the cage. It was concluded that there exist no barriers to mating between populations of codling moth from many parts of the world and that it would be feasible for sterile moths to be shipped from one rearing facility to SIT programmes in other parts of the world.
Recent advances in molecular targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Mizutani Yoichi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAdvanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Immunotherapy is relatively effective against RCC. However, the response rate is approximately 15–20%. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are necessary. Recently, molecular mechanisms responsible for the proliferation of RCC are identified, and molecular targeted therapy is developed. Bevacizumab, sorafenib, sunitinib, axitinib, temsirolimus, everolimus are promising molecular targeted therapeutic agents for metastatic RCC, and will be used widely in clinics in the near future. In addition, combination therapy with molecular targeted therapy and other therapies including immunotherapy may also be developed soon.
Reduced event‐related low frequency EEG activity in schizophrenia during an auditory oddball task
Authors: Doege K. , Bates A. T. , White T. P. , Das D. , Boks M. P. , Liddle P. F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study examines EEG low frequency characteristics which have been linked to specific cognitive functions such as stimulus encoding and attention during an auditory oddball task in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. EEG data was recorded from 17 young schizophrenia patients in a stable phase of their illness and 17 healthy controls performing an auditory oddball task. Evoked and induced delta and theta activity, N100, P300 amplitude were computed. Between 200–500 ms after a stimulus was presented, patients displayed significantly reduced P300, less evoked and induced delta and theta activity than controls. We conclude that the well known finding of P300 reduction in schizophrenia can be linked to reductions in delta and theta activity, which are a manifestation of impaired stimulus evaluation, memory retrieval, and a lack of sustained attention.
Serum concentration/dose ratio of topiramate during pregnancy
Authors: Westin Andreas Austgulen , Nakken Karl Otto , Johannessen Svein I. , Reimers Arne , Lillestølen Kari Mette , Brodtkorb Eylert 
Published: March 2009

SummaryPurpose:  To study the impact of pregnancy on the serum concentration/dose ratio (C/D‐ratio) of topiramate (TPM).Methods:  Twelve women with epilepsy using TPM during pregnancy, and 15 pregnancies were studied. The main target variable was the C/D‐ratio at baseline and during pregnancy. Additional variables were changes in TPM dose, concomitant use of other antiepileptic drugs, seizure frequency, and pregnancy outcome. Clinical and pharmacological data were obtained from the women's medical records.Results:  The average C/D‐ratios in the second and third trimester were 30% (p = 0.002, n = 11) and 34% (p = 0.001, n = 8) lower than the baseline values, respectively. The interindividual variability was pronounced. Increased seizure frequency was common in pregnant women using TPM, but a correlation to the decline in TPM C/D‐ratio could not be established from our data.Discussion:  Dose‐corrected serum concentrations of TPM appear to decline gradually throughout pregnancy. The underlying mechanisms are not known. Increased glomerular filtration may play a major role. During pregnancy, therapeutic drug monitoring of TPM may be useful.
Percutaneous Lumbar Discectomy Using the Dekompressor® System under CT‐Control
Authors: Lierz Peter , Alo Kenneth M. , Felleiter Peter 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn recent years, new minimally invasive therapies for the treatment of radicular pain associated with contained disc herniation have been introduced. These techniques have changed the field of interventional pain management. In a prospective, nonrandomized case study, we treated patients using the Dekompressor® system guided by computed tomography instead of fluoroscopy. Pain scores, analgesic usage, and activities of daily living were assessed via structured telephone interviews 6 and 12 months after the procedure.Sixty‐four patients were treated at 76 lumbar levels. Follow‐up data after 12 months were obtained for all patients. The average reported pain level as measured by visual analog scale was 7.3 before the procedure and 2.1 after 12 months. Before the procedure, 61 patients (95%) used opioid or nonopioid analgesics regularly; after 1 year, a reduction in analgesic use was seen in 51 patients (80%). None of the patients reported procedure‐related complications. When standardized patient selection criteria are used, treatment of patients with radicular pain associated with contained disc herniation using the Dekompressor® can be a safe and efficient procedure.
Antibody-Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Non–Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Target and Linker-Drug Selection
Authors: Polson Andrew G. , Calemine-Fenaux Jill , Chan Pamela , Chang Wesley , Christensen Erin , Clark Suzanna , de Sauvage Frederic J. , Eaton Dan , Elkins Kristi , Elliott J. Michael , Frantz Gretchen , Fuji Reina N. , Gray Alane , Harden Kristin , Ingle Gladys S. , Kljavin Noelyn M. , Koeppen Hartmut , Nelson Christopher , Prabhu Saileta , Raab Helga , Ross Sarajane , Stephan Jean-Philippe , Scales Suzie J. , Spencer Susan D. , Vandlen Richard , Wranik Bernd , Yu Shang-Fan , Zheng Bing , Ebens Allen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAntibody-drug conjugates (ADC), potent cytotoxic drugs covalently linked to antibodies via chemical linkers, provide a means to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy by targeting the drug to neoplastic cells while reducing side effects. Here, we systematically examine the potential targets and linker-drug combinations that could provide an optimal ADC for the treatment for non–Hodgkin's lymphoma. We identified seven antigens (CD19, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD72, CD79b, and CD180) for potential treatment of non–Hodgkin's lymphoma with ADCs. ADCs with cleavable linkers mediated in vivo efficacy via all these targets; ADCs with uncleavable linkers were only effective when targeted to CD22 and CD79b. In target-independent safety studies in rats, the uncleavable linker ADCs showed reduced toxicity, presumably due to the reduced release of free drug or other toxic metabolites into the circulation. Thus, our data suggest that ADCs with cleavable linkers work on a broad range of targets, and for specific targets, ADCs with uncleavable linkers provide a promising opportunity to improve the therapeutic window for ADCs in humans. [Cancer Res 2009;69(6):2358–64]