bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The international society for developmental psychobiology annual meeting symposium: Impact of early life experiences on brain and behavioral development
Authors: Sullivan Regina , Wilson Donald A. , Feldon Joram , Yee Benjamin K. , Meyer Urs , Richter‐Levin Gal , Avi Avital , Michael Tsoory , Gruss Michael , Bock Jörg , Helmeke Carina , Braun Katharina 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDecades of research in the area of developmental psychobiology have shown that early life experience alters behavioral and brain development, which canalizes development to suit different environments. Recent methodological advances have begun to identify the mechanisms by which early life experiences cause these diverse adult outcomes. Here we present four different research programs that demonstrate the intricacies of early environmental influences on behavioral and brain development in both pathological and normal development. First, an animal model of schizophrenia is presented that suggests prenatal immune stimulation influences the postpubertal emergence of psychosis‐related behavior in mice. Second, we describe a research program on infant rats that demonstrates how early odor learning has unique characteristics due to the unique functioning of the infant limbic system. Third, we present work on the rodent Octodon degus, which shows that early paternal and/or maternal deprivation alters development of limbic system synaptic density that corresponds to heightened emotionality. Fourth, a juvenile model of stress is presented that suggests this developmental period is important in determining adulthood emotional well being. The approach of each research program is strikingly different, yet all succeed in delineating a specific aspect of early development and its effects on infant and adult outcome that expands our understanding of the developmental impact of infant experiences on emotional and limbic system development. Together, these research programs suggest that the developing organism's developmental trajectory is influenced by environmental factors beginning in the fetus and extending through adolescence, although the specific timing and nature of the environmental influence has unique impact on adult mental health. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 48: 583–602, 2006.
Early handling reduces vulnerability of rats to activity‐based anorexia
Authors: Carrera O. , Gutiérrez E. , Boakes R.A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractResistance to restricted feeding with and without wheel access was tested in rats handled (H) for 20 days since birth. Weight loss produced by 1.5‐hr restricted food access was less in H than in non‐handled (NH) males when tested aged 41 days. At this age combining food restriction with access to a running wheel (a procedure commonly known as activity‐based anorexia, ABA) produced very rapid weight loss and no effect of handling was detected. When 75‐day females were tested in the same way, under the ABA procedure H rats took longer than NH controls to reach the removal criterion. Simply restricting food access in these females produced variable weight loss, without detection of any handling effect. No differences in food intake or running were detected between H and NH rats in either males or females. In conclusion, handling seems to have a direct effect on rats' later response to either food deprivation alone or to an ABA procedure. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 48: 520–527, 2006.
Long‐term impact of early olfactory experience on later olfactory conditioning
Authors: Blais Idit , Terkel Joseph , Goldblatt Allen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study examined the duration of the effect of early olfactory experience in rats by determining the ease of conditioning and then reconditioning to an early‐experienced odor. Rat pups (experimental group) were exposed to aniseed odor sprayed on the mother's belly from day 1 to 20 after birth. A control group was exposed only to water. At the ages of 21 and 40 days all the rats (experimental and control) were tested for preference for the odor of aniseed. Starting from day 41 after birth they were conditioned in a Y‐maze to approach the odor of aniseed for a reward. We then divided both groups into five subgroups each. Each subgroup was retrained to approach aniseed after 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 months, and their speeds of reconditioning to the odor were compared. The results showed that all rats in the early exposed group had remembered the odor and did not require reconditioning, unlike those in the group that had not had the early olfactory conditioning. The effect of the early experience was still detectable at least 5 months after last exposure to the odor. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 48: 501–507, 2006.
Shh/BMP‐4 signaling pathway is essential for intestinal epithelial development during Xenopus larval‐to‐adult remodeling
Authors: Ishizuya‐Oka Atsuko , Hasebe Takashi , Shimizu Katsuhiko , Suzuki Kenichi , Ueda Shuichi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDuring amphibian larval‐to‐adult intestinal remodeling, progenitor cells of the adult epithelium actively proliferate and differentiate under the control of thyroid hormone (TH) to form the intestinal absorptive epithelium, which is analogous to the mammalian counterpart. We previously found that TH–up‐regulated expression of bone morphogenetic protein‐4 (BMP‐4) spatiotemporally correlates with adult epithelial development in the Xenopus laevis intestine. Here, we aimed to clarify the role of BMP‐4 in intestinal remodeling. Our reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization analyses indicated that mRNA of BMPR‐IA, a type I receptor of BMP‐4, is expressed in both the developing connective tissue and progenitor cells of the adult epithelium. More importantly, using organ culture and immunohistochemical procedures, we have shown that BMP‐4 not only represses cell proliferation of the connective tissue but promotes differentiation of the intestinal absorptive epithelium. In addition, we found that the connective tissue‐specific expression of BMP‐4 mRNA is up‐regulated by sonic hedgehog (Shh), whose epithelium‐specific expression is directly induced by TH. These results strongly suggest that the Shh/BMP‐4 signaling pathway plays key roles in the amphibian intestinal remodeling through epithelial–connective tissue interactions. Developmental Dynamics 235:3240–3249, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Latrophilin‐2 is a novel component of the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition within the atrioventricular canal of the embryonic chicken heart
Authors: Doyle Sally E. , Scholz Matthew J. , Greer Kevin A. , Hubbard Antony D. , Darnell Diana K. , Antin Parker B. , Klewer Scott E. , Runyan Raymond B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEndothelial cells in the atrioventricular canal of the heart undergo an epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) to form heart valves. We surveyed an on‐line database (http://www.geisha.arizona.edu/) for clones expressed during gastrulation to identify novel EMT components. One gene, latrophilin‐2, was identified as expressed in the heart and appeared to be functional in EMT. This molecule was chosen for further examination. In situ localization showed it to be expressed in both the myocardium and endothelium. Several antisense DNA probes and an siRNA for latrophilin‐2 produced a loss of EMT in collagen gel cultures. Latrophilin‐2 is a putative G‐protein‐coupled receptor and we previously identified a pertussis toxin‐sensitive G‐protein signal transduction pathway. Microarray experiments were performed to examine whether these molecules were related. After treatment with antisense DNA against latrophilin‐2, expression of 1,385 genes and ESTs was altered. This represented approximately 12.5% of the microarray elements. In contrast, pertussis toxin altered only 103 (0.9%) elements of the array. There appears to be little overlap between the two signal transduction pathways. Latrophilin‐2 is thus a novel component of EMT and provides a new avenue for investigation of this cellular process. Developmental Dynamics 235:3213–3221, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ICOS cooperates with CD28, IL‐2, and IFN‐γ and modulates activation of human naïve CD4+ T cells
Authors: Mesturini Riccardo , Nicola Stefania , Chiocchetti Annalisa , Bernardone Ilaria Seren , Castelli Luca , Bensi Thea , Ferretti Massimo , Comi Cristoforo , Dong Chen , Rojo Josè Maria , Yagi Junji , Dianzani Umberto 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeveral sets of data indicate that ICOS regulates cytokine production in activated T cells, but is less effective on naïve T cells. This work evaluates ICOS function in human naïve CD4+ T cells through an assessment of the effect of soluble forms of the ICOS and CD28 physiological ligands on activation driven by anti‐CD3 mAb. ICOS strikingly potentiated secretion of IL‐2, IFN‐γ, IL‐10, and TNF‐α, but not IL‐4, promoted by optimal stimulation of CD3+CD28, and it was the key switching‐factor of activation when cells received suboptimal stimulation of CD3+CD28 or stimulation of CD3 alone in the presence of exogenous IL‐2. In these conditions, blockade of IL‐2 and IFN‐γ showed that ICOS builds up a positive feedback loop with IFN‐γ, which required IL‐2 and was inhibited by IL‐4. By contrast, in the absence of CD28 triggering or exogenous IL‐2, ICOS‐induced costimulation mainly supported expression of TGF‐β1 and FoxP3 and differentiation of regulatory T cells capable to inhibit proliferation of naïve CD4+ T cells driven by allogeneic cells. These data suggest that ICOS favors differentiation of Th effector cells when cooperates with appropriate activation stimuli such as CD3+CD28 or CD3+IL‐2, whereas it supports differentiation of regulatory T cells when costimulatory signals are insufficient.
Therapeutic anti‐tumor immunity triggered by injections of immunostimulating single‐stranded RNA
Authors: Scheel Birgit , Aulwurm Steffen , Probst Jochen , Stitz Lothar , Hoerr Ingmar , Rammensee Hans‐Georg , Weller Michael , Pascolo Steve 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStabilized synthetic RNA oligonucleotides (ORN) and protected messenger RNA (mRNA) were recently discovered to possess an immunostimulatory capacity through their recognition by TLR 7 and 8. We wanted to find out whether this danger signal is capable of triggering anti‐tumor immunity when injected locally into an established tumor. Using the mouse glioma tumor cell line SMA‐560 in syngenic VM/Dk mice, we were able to show that intra‐tumor injections of protamine‐stabilized mRNA do indeed induce tumor regression and long‐term anti‐tumor immunity. Residual RNA‐injected tumors show CD8 infiltration. Distant injections of protamine‐protected mRNA and intra‐tumor injection of naked mRNA also result in anti‐tumor immunity. Although they are strong danger signals, RNA are labile molecules with a short half‐life: they do not trigger side effects such as long‐term, uncontrolled immunostimulation evidenced by splenomegaly in CpG DNA‐treated mice. In conclusion, RNA molecules are potent and safe danger signals that are relevant for active immunotherapy strategies aimed at the eradication of solid tumors.
Follicular dendritic cell (FDC)‐FcγRIIB engagement via immune complexes induces the activated FDC phenotype associated with secondary follicle development
Authors: El Shikh Mohey Eldin , El Sayed Rania , Szakal Andras K. , Tew John G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFollicular dendritic cell (FDC)‐FcγRIIB levels are up‐regulated 1–3 days after challenge of actively immunized mice with Ag. This kinetics suggested that memory cells are not driving this response, prompting the hypothesis that immune complex (IC)‐FDC interactions lead to FDC activation. To test this, mice passively immunized with anti‐OVA Ab were OVA challenged to produce IC. After 3 days, levels of IC, FcγRIIB, ICAM‐1, and VCAM‐1 on FDC were analyzed. FDC were also stimulated with IC in vitro, and mRNA for FcγRIIB, ICAM‐1, and VCAM‐1 was quantified by quantitative RT‐PCR. IC labeling in passively immunized WT and FcγRIIB–/– mice revealed five to six FDC‐reticula per LN midsagittal section. In WT mice, these IC‐bearing FDC‐reticula corresponded with FDC‐reticula labeling for FcγRIIB, ICAM‐1, and VCAM‐1. Increases in these molecules on IC‐stimulated FDC were confirmed by flow cytometry. In marked contrast, in FcγRIIB–/– mice, no increased VCAM‐1 or ICAM‐1 was seen on IC‐bearing FDC‐reticula or on purified FDC. Addition of IC in vitro resulted in dramatic increases in mRNA for FcγRIIB, ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 in WT FDC, but not in FDC from FcγRIIB–/– mice, 2.4G2‐pretreated WT FDC, B cells, or macrophages. Thus, although FDC‐FcγRIIB was not essential for IC trapping, engagement of FDC‐FcγRIIB with IC initiated an FDC activation pathway.
Monophosphanes and Diphosphanes with the Hypersilyl Substituent
Authors: Cappello Vittorio , Baumgartner Judith , Dransfeld Alk , Hassler Karl 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of (SiMe3)3SiPH2 (1) (further on denoted as hypersilylphosphane, HypPH2) was achieved by two methods: by the reaction of (SiMe3)3Si(OSO2CF3) with PH3, and alternatively, by the reaction of NaPH2 with (SiMe3)3SiCl (hypersilylchloride). The latter reaction also afforded bis(hypersilyl)phosphane Hyp2PH (2). By the reaction of 1 and known hypersilylbis(trimethylsilyl)phosphane (3) with tBuOK, the novel hypersilylphosphanides HypPHK (4) and Hyp(SiMe3)PK (5) were prepared. Compound 1 also reacted with nBuLi to form HypPHLi (6) and HypPLi2 (7). Furthermore, 3 reacted with hexachloroethane and 1,2‐dibromotetrachloroethane to give HypPCl(SiMe3) (8) and HypPBr(SiMe3) (9) as well as HypPCl2 (10) and HypPBr2 (11). Compounds 4 and 5 reacted smoothly with 1,2‐dibromoethane to give diphosphane HypHPPHHyp (12) as a mixture of the meso‐ and rac‐d,l‐diastereomers and Hyp(SiMe3)PP(SiMe3)Hyp (13) as the d,l‐modification only. By reducing the known compound tBuHypPCl with potassium, the d,l‐modification of tBuHypPPHyptBu (14) was obtained. All compounds were characterized by 29Si‐ and 31P NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses with the exception of the phosphanides which were characterized spectroscopically only. The crystal structures of 3 and 4 and of diphosphanes 10, 11 and 13 are reported. From temperature‐dependent 31P NMR experiments, the coalescence temperature for the meso↔d,l interconversion of 12 was determined at 110 °C and gave an inversion barrier of roughly 69.4 kJ mol–1, which is corroborated by results of ab initio calculations at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level. Two diastereomeric inversion transition structures for diphosphanes R–PH–PH–R with either a syn or an anti arrangement of the P–H bond and the phosphorus lone pair of electrons could be located; bulky substituents seem to prefer the anti arrangement.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Nickel‐Organic Coordination Layers with Different Directional Cavities
Authors: Zhou Youfu , Yue Chengyang , Yuan Daqiang , Chen Lian , Chen Jiutong , Lan Anjian , Jiang Feilong , Hong Maochun 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe two new metal‐organic coordination frameworks [Ni2(pydc)2(4,4′‐bpy)(H2O)4]n·0.5n(4,4′‐bpy)2H2O (1) and [Ni2(pydc)2(2,2′‐bpy)2(H2O)2]n·2nH2O (2) (H2pydc = pyridine‐3,4‐dicarboxylic acid; bpy = bipyridine) have been synthesised under hydrothermal conditions and characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The structure of 1 contains parallel rectangular channels that accommodate large 4,4′‐bpy guests while that of 2 contains vertical channels coordinated to 2,2′‐bpy ligands. Their magnetic analyses show that they exhibit different magnetic interactions. The red shifts of the peak in their emission spectra relative to those of the the free ligands could be attributable to the metal–ligand coordination. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Supramolecular Intercluster Compounds Consisting of Gold Clusters and Keggin Anions
Authors: Schulz‐Dobrick Martin , Jansen Martin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSupramolecular intercluster compounds, that is, assemblies of different, well‐defined inorganic building blocks with diameters of >1 nm, consisting of [Au9(PPh3)8]3+ clusters and Keggin anions [PW12O40]3– were synthesized as single‐crystals by a diffusion method. Depending on the solvent combination, two modifications with different core geometries of the gold cluster and different overall packing type can be obtained as a single‐phase in macroscopic amounts. This approach leads toward the study of nanostructured matter with high translational symmetry and the principles of nanoscopic self‐assembly. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Catalytic Asymmetric Hetero Diels–Alder Reactions of N‐Sulfinyl Dienophiles with Chiral Bis(oxazoline)copper(II) and ‐zinc(II) Triflates
Authors: Endeshaw Molla Mellese , Bayer Annette , Hansen Lars K. , Gautun Odd R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAsymmetric hetero Diels–Alder (HDA) reactions of N‐sulfinyldienophiles with bis(oxazoline)copper(II) and ‐zinc(II) triflatesare described. The cycloaddition with cyclic and acyclic 1,3‐dienes has been studied. The copper catalyst was found to be more efficient. With 10 mol‐% of catalyst loading, a pronounced enhancement in turnover, diastereoselectivity (54–>90 % de), and enantioselectivity (30–98 % ee) was obtained by the addition of 100 mol‐% of TMSOTf. The role of the additive is unclear, but we hypothesize that it is involved in the breakdown of catalyst‐sulfine aggregates assists in the release of catalyst from the HDA adducts. Mechanistic studies revealed a positive nonlinear effect with the zinc catalyst, assumed to arise from the formation of less reactive heterochiral complexes. The copper catalyst showed a nearly linear relationship between the enantioselectivity of the ligand tested and the HDA product formed. The relative configurations and, in one case, the absolute configuration of the HDA products were established by X‐ray analysis. Finally, an enantioselective route to (3aR,6aS)‐3,3a,4,6a‐tetrahydrocyclopenta[d][1,3]oxazol‐2‐one, a precursor of the C‐ring in agelastatin A, applying the asymmetric HDA reaction is described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Microwave‐Mediated Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation Using Chiral ‐Seleno Amides
Authors: Braga Antonio L. , Vargas Fabrício , Sehnem Jasquer A. , Wessjohann Ludger A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA class of enantiopure β‐seleno amide palladium complexes catalyze the microwave‐accelerated enantioselective allylic alkylation ofrac‐1,3‐diphenyl‐2‐propenyl acetate with different malonates. Good yields and enantiomeric excess values of up to 94 %eewere obtained after irradiation times of 2 or 4 min. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The subiculum comes of age
Authors: de la Prida Liset Menendez , Totterdell Susan , Gigg John , Miles Richard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe subiculum has long been considered as a simple bidirectional relay region interposed between the hippocampus and the temporal cortex. Recent evidence, however, suggests that this region has specific roles in the cognitive functions and pathological deficits of the hippocampal formation. A group of 20 researchers participated in an ESF‐sponsored meeting in Oxford in September, 2005 focusing on the neurobiology of the subiculum. Each brought a distinct expertise and approach to the anatomy, physiology, psychology, and pathologies of the subiculum. Here, we review the recent findings that were presented at the meeting. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term effects of immunotoxic cholinergic lesions in the septum on acquisition of the cone‐field task and noncognitive measures in rats
Authors: van der Staay F. Josef , Bouger Pascale , Lehmann Olivia , Lazarus Christine , Cosquer Brigitte , Koenig Julie , Stump Veronika , Cassel Jean‐Christophe 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn rats, nonspecific mechanical or neurotoxic lesions of the septum impair spatial memory in, e.g., Morris water‐ and radial‐maze tasks. Unfortunately, the lack of specificity of such lesions limits inferences about the role of the cholinergic hippocampal projections in spatial cognition. We therefore tested the effects of septal lesions produced by 192 IgG‐saporin in rats, which is highly selective for basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, on home cage activity, noncognitive tests (modified Irwin test, open field and forced swimming tests, and various sensorimotor tasks), and the cone‐field spatial learning task. The immunotoxic lesion reduced acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the septum (−61%) and hippocampus (>−75%). Rats with lesions showed mild home‐cage hyperactivity at 4 weeks postlesion, but no noncognitive deficits at 13 weeks postsurgery. In the cone‐field task, rats with septal lesions made more working‐ and reference‐memory errors than the controls, but acquisition curves were parallel in both groups. The speed of visiting cones was faster in the rats with lesions, indicative of disturbed attention or increased motivation. These data support the growing evidence that involvement of the septohippocampal cholinergic system in spatial learning and memory may have been overestimated in studies that used lesions with poor selectivity. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leukemia‐associated antigenic isoforms induce a specific immune response in children with T‐ALL
Authors: Dohnal Alexander Michael , Inthal Andrea , Felzmann Thomas , Glatt Sebastian , Sommergruber Wolfgang , Mann Georg , Gadner Helmut , Panzer‐Grümayer E. Renate 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe potential immunogenicity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia of the T cell (T‐ALL), a small subgroup of childhood leukemia with increased risk for treatment failure and early relapse, was addressed by serological identification of leukemia‐derived antigens by recombinant expression cloning (SEREX). Thirteen antigens with homology to known genes that are involved in critical cellular processes were detected. Further characterization of the 4 novel isoforms revealed that 3 (HECTD1Δ, CX‐ORF‐15Δ and hCAP‐EΔ) had restricted mRNA expression in more than 70% of T‐ALLs (n = 22) and that specific antibodies against these isoforms were detected in up to 30% of patients (n = 16), with the highest frequency for HECTD1Δ. The latter protein was present at high abundance in T‐ALLs but not in normal hematopoietic tissues. Given that the leukemia‐associated antigens detected in this study have an intracellular localization, the generation of immune effector responses most likely requires antigen presentation. To test this assumption, dendritic cells were loaded with HECTD1Δ protein and used for T cell stimulation. A specific T cell response was induced in vitro in all 3 healthy donors studied, including a former T‐ALL patient. These data suggest that T‐ALL may induce a specific cellular and humoral antileukemia immune response in children, thereby supporting new approaches for immunotherapy. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Origins and consequences of centrosome aberrations in human cancers
Authors: Nigg Erich A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRecent years have seen a revival of interest in the possible contribution of centrosomes to the development of human cancers. The underlying hypothesis, formulated almost 100 years ago (Boveri T. The origin of malignant tumors; Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1929.), states that numerical and/or structural centrosome abnormalities will cause me missegregation. In addition, centrosome abnormalities are expected to affect cell shape, polarity, and motility. Thus, deregulation of centrosome number and function may foster both chromosomal instability and loss of tissue architecture—2 of the most common phenotypes associated with solid human tumors. In support of the role of centrosome deregulation in tumorigenesis, centrosome aberrations have been observed in early, premalignant lesions. Moreover, they are frequent in many different types of common tumors and their prominence often correlates with poor clinical outcome. This review addresses the origins of centrosome aberrations in human tumors as well as the expected impact of centrosome aberrations on cell fate and tumor development. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.