bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiogenesis Associated With Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Severe Human Obesity
Authors: Ledoux Séverine , Queguiner Isabelle , Msika Simon , Calderari Sophie , Rufat Pierre , Gasc Jean-Marie , Corvol Pierre , Larger Etienne 
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—The expansion of adipose tissue is linked to the development of its vasculature. However, the regulation of adipose tissue angiogenesis in humans has not been extensively studied. Our aim was to compare the angiogenesis associated with subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from the same obese patients in an in vivo model.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Adipose tissue samples from visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) sites, obtained from 36 obese patients (mean BMI 46.5 kg/m2) during bariatric surgery, were layered on chick chorioallantoïc membrane (CAM).
RESULTS—Both SAT and VAT expressed angiogenic factors without significant difference for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Adipose tissue layered on CAM stimulated angiogenesis. Angiogenic stimulation was macroscopically detectable, with engulfment of the samples, in 39% and was evidenced by angiography in 59% of the samples. A connection between CAM and adipose tissue vessels was evidenced by immunohistochemistry, with recruitment of both avian and human endothelial cells. The angiogenic potency of adipose tissue was not related to its localization (with an angiogenic stimulation in 60% of SAT samples and 61% of VAT samples) or to adipocyte size or inflammatory infiltrate assessed in adipose samples before the graft on CAM. Stimulation of angiogenesis by adipose tissue was nearly abolished by bevacizumab, which specifically targets human VEGF.
CONCLUSIONS—We have established a model to study the regulation of angiogenesis by human adipose tissue. This model highlighted the role of VEGF in angiogenesis in both SAT and VAT.
Upregulation of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein-2 by the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Endothelial Cells Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Diabetes
Authors: Xie Zhonglin , Zhang Junhua , Wu Jiliang , Viollet Benoit , Zou Ming-Hui 
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—Recent evidence suggests that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important therapeutic target for diabetes. The present study was conducted to determine how AMPK activation suppressed tyrosine nitration of prostacyclin synthase in diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) or mice were treated with 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR) for the detection of AMPK phosphorylation and the expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP)-2.
RESULTS—Exposure of HUVECs to high glucose (30 mmol/l) increased superoxide anions (O2·−) and prostacyclin synthase nitration. In addition, overexpression of constitutively active AMPK (Ad-CA-AMPK) or the addition of AICAR reduced both O2·− and prostacyclin synthase nitration caused by high glucose, whereas adenoviral overexpression of dominant-negative AMPK mutants (Ad-DN-AMPK) enhanced the latter effects of high glucose. Exposure of HUVECs to either AICAR or metformin caused AMPK-dependent upregulation of both UCP-2 mRNA and UCP-2 protein. Furthermore, overexpression of UCP-2 significantly ablated both O2·− and prostacyclin synthase nitration triggered by high glucose. Furthermore, overexpression of Ad-CA-AMPK increased, whereas overexpression of Ad-DN-AMPK inhibited AICAR-induced phosphorylation of p38 kinase at Thr180/Tyr182. Inhibition of p38 kinase with SB239063, which had no effect on AICAR-induced AMPK-Thr172 phosphorylation, dose dependently suppressed AICAR-induced upregulation of UCP-2, suggesting that AMPK lies upstream of p38 kinase. Finally, AICAR markedly increased UCP-2 expression and reduced both O2·− and prostacyclin synthase nitration in diabetic wild-type mice but not in their AMPKα2-deficient counterparts in vivo.
CONCLUSIONS—We conclude that AMPK activation increases UCP-2, resulting in the inhibition of both O2·− and prostacyclin synthase nitration in diabetes.
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Are Proportionally Expanded at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes and Enhance Islet Autoantigen Presentation to T-Cells Through Immune Complex Capture
Authors: Allen Jennifer S. , Pang Karl , Skowera Ania , Ellis Richard , Rackham Chloe , Lozanoska-Ochser Biliana , Tree Timothy , Leslie R. David G. , Tremble Jennifer M. , Dayan Colin M. , Peakman Mark 
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—Immune-mediated destruction of β-cells resulting in type 1 diabetes involves activation of proinflammatory, islet autoreactive T-cells, a process under the control of dendritic cells of the innate immune system. We tested the hypothesis that type 1 diabetes development is associated with disturbance of blood dendritic cell subsets that could enhance islet-specific autoimmunity.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We examined blood dendritic cells (plasmacytoid and myeloid) in 40 patients with recent-onset diabetes (median duration 28 days) and matched control subjects. We also examined the relative ability of different dendritic cell subsets to process and present soluble or immune complexed islet cell autoantigen (the islet tyrosine phosphatase IA-2) to responder CD4 T-cells.
RESULTS—The balance of blood dendritic cells was profoundly disturbed at diabetes diagnosis, with a significantly elevated proportion of plasmacytoid and reduction of myeloid cells compared with control subjects. Dendritic cell subset distribution was normal in long-standing disease and in patients with type 2 diabetes. Both dendritic cell subsets processed and presented soluble IA-2 to CD4 T-cells after short-term culture, but only plasmacytoid dendritic cells enhanced (by as much as 100%) autoantigen presentation in the presence of IA-2+ autoantibody patient serum.
CONCLUSIONS—The plasmacytoid subset of dendritic cells is overrepresented in the blood close to diabetes onset and shows a distinctive ability to capture islet autoantigenic immune complexes and enhance autoantigen-driven CD4 T-cell activation. This suggests a synergistic proinflammatory role for plasmacytoid dendritic cells and islet cell autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes.
Weight Gain in Early Life Predicts Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in Children With a First-Degree Relative With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Couper Jennifer J. , Beresford Sarah , Hirte Craig , Baghurst Peter A. , Pollard Angie , Tait Brian D. , Harrison Leonard C. , Colman Peter G. 
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—In a prospective birth cohort study, we followed infants who had a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes to investigate the relationship between early growth and infant feeding and the risk of islet autoimmunity.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Infants with a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes were identified during their mother's pregnancy. Dietary intake was recorded prospectively to determine duration of breast-feeding and age at introduction of cow's milk protein, cereals, meat, fruit, and vegetables. At 6-month reviews, length (or height) and weight, antibodies to insulin, GAD65, the tyrosine phosphatase-like insulinoma antigen, and tissue transglutaminase were measured. Islet autoimmunity was defined as persistent elevation of one or more islet antibodies at consecutive 6-month intervals, including the most recent measure, and was the primary outcome measure.
RESULTS—Follow-up of 548 subjects for 5.7 ± 3.2 years identified 46 children with islet autoimmunity. Weight z score and BMI z score were continuous predictors of risk of islet autoimmunity (adjusted hazard ratios 1.43 [95% CI 1.10–1.84], P = 0.007, and 1.29 [1.01–1.67], P = 0.04, respectively). The risk of islet autoimmunity was greater in subjects with weight z score &gt;0 than in those with weight z score ≤0 over time (2.61 [1.26–5.44], P = 0.01). Weight z score and BMI z score at 2 years and change in weight z score between birth and 2 years, but not dietary intake, also predicted risk of islet autoimmunity.
CONCLUSIONS—Weight gain in early life predicts risk of islet autoimmunity in children with a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes.
Is the New Mayo Clinic Quadratic Equation Useful for the Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Type 2 Diabetic Patients?
Authors: Fontseré Néstor , Bonal Jordi , Salinas Isabel , de Arellano Manel Ramírez , Rios Jose , Torres Ferran , Sanmartí Anna , Romero Ramón 
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—To test the Mayo Clinic Quadratic (MCQ) equation against isotopic glomerular filtration rate, compared with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and the Cockcroft-Gault formulas, in type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Based on values obtained with iothalamate, 118 type 2 diabetic patients were divided into three groups according to renal function: hyperfiltration (26), normal function (56), or chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3–4 (36). ANOVA, the Bland-Altman procedure, and Lins coefficient (Rc) were performed to study accuracy.
RESULTS—In the hyperfiltration and normal function groups, all prediction equations significantly underestimated the value obtained with isotopic glomerular filtration rate (P &lt; 0.05). In the CKD group, all equations also presented significant differences with the isotopic method. However, MDRD had a bias of −5.3 (Rc 0.452), Cockcroft-Gault formula −0.2 (Rc 0.471), and the MCQ −4.5 (Rc 0.526).
CONCLUSIONS—The MCQ and prediction equations proved inaccurate (excessive underestimation) in type 2 diabetic patients with hyperfiltration or normal renal function. With regard to CKD, the results obtained provided no evidence of superiority of the MCQ over the MDRD or the Cockcroft-Gault formula.
Metabolic Syndrome Predicts New Onset of Chronic Kidney Disease in 5,829 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Luk Andrea O.Y. , So Wing-Yee , Ma Ronald C.W. , Kong Alice P.S. , Ozaki Risa , Ng Vanessa S.W. , Yu Linda W.L. , Lau Winnie W.Y. , Yang Xilin , Chow Francis C.C. , Chan Juliana C.N. , Tong Peter C.Y. 
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—Type 2 diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Aside from hyperglycemia and hypertension, other metabolic factors may determine renal outcome. We examined risk associations of metabolic syndrome with new onset of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in 5,829 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes enrolled between 1995 and 2005.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Metabolic syndrome was defined by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria with the Asian definition of obesity. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula modified for the Chinese population. New onset of CKD was defined as eGFR &lt;60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at the time of censor. Subjects with CKD at baseline were excluded from the analysis.
RESULTS—After a median follow-up duration of 4.6 years (interquartile range: 1.9–7.3 years), 741 patients developed CKD. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of CKD was 1.31 (95% CI 1.12–1.54, P = 0.001) for subjects with metabolic syndrome compared with those without metabolic syndrome. Relative to subjects with no other components of metabolic syndrome except for diabetes, those with two, three, four, and five metabolic syndrome components had HRs of an increased risk of CKD of 1.15 (0.83–1.60, P = 0.407) 1.32 (0.94–1.86, P = 0.112), 1.64 (1.17–2.32, P = 0.004), and 2.34 (1.54–3.54, P &lt; 0.001), respectively. The metabolic syndrome traits of central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and low BMI were independent predictors for CKD.
CONCLUSIONS—The presence of metabolic syndrome independently predicts the development of CKD in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Noninvasive Evaluation of Neural Impairment in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Putz Zsuzsanna , Tabák Ádám G , Tóth Nelli , Istenes Ildikó , Németh Nóra , Gandhi Rajiv A. , Hermányi Zsolt , Keresztes Katalin , Jermendy György , Tesfaye Solomon , Kempler Péter 
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate neural dysfunction in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—For this study, 46 subjects with IGT and 45 healthy volunteers underwent detailed neurological assessment. Cardiovascular autonomic function was assessed by standard cardiovascular reflex tests, and heart rate variability was characterized by the triangle index. Sensory nerve function was assessed using Neurometer (for current perception threshold) and Medoc devices. Peak plantar pressure was measured by dynamic pedobarography, and symptoms were graded using the neuropathy total symptom score.
RESULTS—Subjects with IGT had significantly greater abnormalities detected by four of five cardiovascular reflex tests and greater heart rate variability characterized by the triangle index. They had a higher frequency of both hyperesthesia and hypoesthesia as detected by current perception threshold testing at 5 Hz, as well as increased heat detection thresholds.
CONCLUSIONS—This study provides evidence that subclinical neural dysfunction is present in subjects with IGT and can be detected noninvasively. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in IGT subjects.
University Presses 2008: A Snapshot in Time
Authors: Bartlett Rebecca Ann 
Published: October 2008

As those familiar with Choice know, we devote various issues throughout our volume year to particular themes. For many years the May theme has been ‘university press publishing,’ and over those many years the features that make up this thematic concentration have varied. Always included has been our annual press-by-press list of titles the individual presses themselves deem particularly valuable to undergraduates. Accordingly, following the forum, you will find ‘Significant University Press Titles for Undergraduates, 2007–2008,’ which this year includes entries from a record eighty-four presses. The other part of the university press feature has been narrative – in recent years a ‘forum’ in which directors of a handful presses offer their thoughts about their particular press or about university press publishing in general. The subtitle of this year's forum (which follows immediately) – ‘From the Prairie to the Pacific Rim’ – reflects the eclectic nature of the contributions: we make no effort to guide the contributors as to content, since we believe that a true pot luck best reflects what is on the tables (to wrest the most out of the food metaphor) of presses of various sizes and from various parts of North America. Every year we seek out new voices, and we hope eventually to hear from most, if not all, university presses in this forum. Among the new voices we sought out this year was Phil Pochoda's. Director of University of Michigan Press, Phil – like most university press directors – had been thinking a lot about matters digital. When he put his fingers to the keyboard – in response to our invitation – the result was a really meaty feature article that, we believe, deserves a broad audience. Accordingly, you will find herein Phil's piece, ‘The Future of Scholarly Communication: On the Other Side of the Digital Tipping Point.’ As always, we invite reader feedback on these features. E-mail us! Write to us! We welcome your thoughts on these matters or any others related to the work we do at Choice.
Factors Contributing to Failure of Rotator Cuff Surgery in Persons with Work-Related Injuries
Authors: Razmjou Helen , Lincoln Sandra , Axelrod Terry , Holtby Richard 
Published: October 2008

Purpose: Shoulder pain is a major musculoskeletal and economic concern in industrialized countries, with the rate of surgical failure reportedly higher in patients injured at work. The purposes of this study were (1) to examine the prevalence of identifiable causes of rotator cuff surgery failure and (2) to examine the relationship among the existence of these causes and outcome scores, patient expectations, and overall satisfaction.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients who experienced continued impairments following surgical treatment for work-related injuries. The primary outcome was a disease-specific measure, the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) index. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the existence of an identifiable reason for surgical failure vs. no reason for failure, as demonstrated by clinical and radiologic investigations and decided upon by a shoulder surgeon and a physical therapist. Analyses included a t-test for independent sample means, linear regression, non-parametric Wilcoxon test, and Fisher's exact test.Results: Thirty-eight consecutive patients were included in the study, and 24 causes of surgical failure were identified in 19 patients (50%). Overall, patients with findings of failure were more disabled according to the total WORC index and had higher levels of symptoms, emotional difficulties, and limitations in sports and recreational activities. Expectations and satisfaction levels were not significantly different between groups.Conclusion: Our results indicate that 50% of patients who reported failed surgery had at least one reason to explain their ongoing symptoms, emotional difficulties, and functional limitations.
Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for Severe Upper-Extremity Impairment after Stroke in an Outpatient Rehabilitation Setting: A Case Report
Authors: Ploughman Michelle , Shears Jennifer , Hutchings Lisa , Osmond Michelle 
Published: October 2008

Purpose: Laboratory studies confirm that constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) improves upper-extremity (UE) function after stroke. Due to strict patient criteria and the intensive resources required, CIMT has been slow to become part of rehabilitation practice. Our purpose was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of an adapted experimental protocol within an outpatient clinical setting for a patient with moderate to severe UE impairment who did not meet traditional CIMT criteria. Patient Description: AJ, a 16-year-old male, experienced a left middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke due to carotid artery dissection one year before beginning CIMT. He demonstrated some proximal movement but no wrist or finger extension. He had received intensive rehabilitation for 12 months prior to beginning CIMT. Intervention: Two occupational therapists and two physiotherapists collaborated to provide CIMT task training for 6 hours daily for 2 weeks. A knitted mitten extending to the elbow restrained the less-involved UE during 90% of waking hours. Tasks were tailored to AJ's interests, with the goal of integrating his affected UE into his behavioural repertoire. Measures and Outcomes: After 2 weeks of CIMT, AJ improved in all measures (grip and lateral pinch strength, Action Research Arm Test [ARAT], and Box and Block Test) except the Chedoke McMaster Impairment Inventory. Greatest gains were seen at 6 months in the ARAT and Box and Block Test, which coincided with patient and family reports of AJ's using his arm in everyday functional tasks. Implications: Shared workload, emphasis on relevant functional tasks, and complete family participation likely influenced the success of CIMT. Our findings suggest that the strict CIMT criteria used in previous studies may exclude patients who might benefit from the treatment. Controlled trials should be undertaken to examine the effects of CIMT in patients with moderate to severe UE impairment.
Profile of Patients at Admission into an Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation Programme: Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Functional Characteristics
Authors: Brooks Dina , Tang Ada , Sibley Kathryn M. , McIlroy William E. 
Published: October 2008

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to characterize the cardiorespiratory capacity of individuals on admission to inpatient rehabilitation following stroke and to examine the relationship between measures of cardiorespiratory capacity and standard indices of neurological deficit and functional status. Methods: We recruited 45 patients within the first 10 days of admission to rehabilitation. We performed measures of aerobic fitness (VO2peak), functional status (Functional Independence Measure [FIM] and Clinical Outcomes Variable Score [COVS]), and neurological deficit (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] and Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment scale [CMSA]). Results: Nineteen women and 26 men with a mean (SD) age of 65.2 (14.5) years were admitted to rehabilitation 16.2 (11.9) (minimum 3, maximum 62) days post-stroke. Average VO2peak was less than half the value expected in age-matched healthy individuals at 11.1 (3.1) ml/kg/min. The associations between VO2peak and FIM, NIHSS, and COVS were weak (r = 0.25, -0.12, and 0.26 respectively, p = 0.12, 0.46, and 0.10 respectively). There were no differences in VO2peak in higher-functioning individuals with CMSA leg scores of 5 and 6 compared to lower-functioning individuals with scores of 3 and 4 (p = 0.30). Conclusion: Cardiorespiratory capacity is extremely low in individuals during the first 3 months after stroke. Alternative measures of functional or clinical status do not adequately reflect this cardiorespiratory state; thus, routine measurement of cardiorespiratory capacity should be considered, along with a risk-factor profile.
Effects of Multi-modal Physiotherapy, Including Hip Abductor Strengthening, in Patients with Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome
Authors: Beers Amanda , Ryan Michael , Kasubuchi Zenya , Fraser Scott , Taunton Jack E. 
Published: October 2008

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to quantitatively examine hip abductor strength in patients presenting with iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS) and to determine whether a multi-modal physiotherapy approach, including hip abductor strengthening, might play a role in recovery. Method: Our observational, pretest–posttest study is one of the first prospective studies in this area. Patients presenting to physiotherapy with unilateral ITBFS were recruited to participate. Participants followed a 6-week rehabilitation programme designed to strengthen hip abductors; strength was measured every 2 weeks using a hand-held dynamometer and compared bilaterally. Results: Sixteen subjects (five men, 11 women) aged 20 to 53 years participated. All but 2 reported running as one of their main physical activities. A trend toward a significant difference in hip abductor strength was found between the injured and uninjured sides at baseline, but this difference disappeared by 6 weeks. Hip abductor strength was significantly related to physical function at weeks 2, 4, and 6. Nine subjects were discharged from physiotherapy after the 6-week period, while the other 7 subjects continued attending for up to 5 months. Conclusions: Hip abductor strengthening appeared to be beneficial in the treatment of ITBFS, but further research on the use of hip abductor strengthening for treatment and prevention of ITBFS is needed.