bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress Distribution in a Finite Compound Bar
Authors: Sundara Iyengar K. T. Raja , Alwar R. S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWhen two bodies of different elastic properties are cemented together, due to mutual restraint, the stresses along and in the neighbourhood of the joint get affected. In this paper one such problem is studied. Two finite bars are joined together, and the compound bar thus formed is pulled in tension. A general solution has been given in the form of multiple Fourier series satisfying all the boundary conditions including those at the interface. Some numerical results are given for two examples.
Einschließungssatz für Eigenwerte bei partiellen Differentialgleichungen 2. und 4. Ordnung
Authors: Collatz L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird eine Methode zur Aufstellung von Quotienten‐Einschließungssätzen für Eigenwerte bei partiellen Differentialgleichungen beschrieben und auf einfache Fälle, u. a. auf eine Plattenschwingungsgleichung und eine Plattenknickgleichung angewendet.
Stabilität einer rotierenden Flüssigkeit
Authors: Schultz‐Grunow F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie dynamische Stabilität einer als starrer Körper rotierenden und von einem oder zwei mitrotierenden kreisförmigen Rändern begrenzten Flüssigkeit führt bei ebenen Störungen auf Besselfunktionen als Eigenfunktionen. Der Stabilitätsnachweis kann also für diesen Fall in geschlossener Form gegeben werden.
Zur Torsion prismatischer Stäbe
Authors: Kandler P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDas Torsionsproblem für einen geradlinigen Stab ist im Prinzip gelöst, wenn man die Greensche Funktion des Stabquerschnittbereiches kennt. Man erhält das gesuchte Torsionspotential in Form eines Randintegrals. Die tatsächliche Berechnung des Torsionspotentials scheitert jedoch im allgemeinen an der Schwierigkeit der auszuführenden Integrationen. Deshalb ist diese „Methode der Greenschen Funktion”︁ nach C. Weber [1] anscheinend nur im Falle dreier spezieller Kreissektorquerschnitte angewandt worden [2]. Im folgenden wird dieser Lösungsweg beschritten im Falle des allgemeinen Kreissektorquerschnittes und jener vier geradlinigen Polygone, deren Abbildung auf den Einheitskreis durch elliptische Funktionen vermittelt wird (Gleichseitiges Dreieck, gleichschenklig‐rechtwinkliges Dreieck, Dreieck mit den Winkeln 90°, 60°, 30°, Rechteck). Für diese Querschnitte eröffnet die „Methode der Greenschen Funktion”︁ die Möglichkeit einer einheitlichen mathematischen Behandlung.
Die Torsion der dicken Platte mit stetig veränderlichem Schubmodul
Authors: Bufler H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDas Torsionsproblem einer unendlich ausgedehnten Platte (Schicht) mit senkrecht zum Rand stetig veränderlichem Schubmodul G(z) läßt sich in übersichtlicher Weise mit Hilfe der Hankel‐Transformation behandeln; es wird von einer gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichung zweiter Ordnung mit im allgemeinen veränderlichen Koeffizienten beherrscht. Ihre Lösung wird für das Gesetz G(z) = G0(1 + az)γ mit beliebigem (positivem oder negativem) Exponenten γ angegeben und diskutiert.
Ein isoperimetrisches Problem im R
Authors: Fricke A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAus einer Klasse von Körpern ist derjenige mit maximalem Volumen gesucht. Dies führt auf ein Variationsproblem mit verschobenem Argument, mit freien Randpunkten und einer Bogenlängennebenbedingung. Es wird gezeigt, wie man die erforderlichen Gleichungen erhält und wie man sie iterativ lösen kann.
Über ein ebenes Bimetallproblem mit einer speziellen Rißbildung
Authors: Jentsch L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBewiesen werden Existenz‐ und Eindeutigkeitssätze für ebene Randkontaktaufgaben der Thermoelastostatik in einer geeigneten Klasse regulärer Vektoren. Die Materialkonstanten sind in den Teilgebieten D+und D−von D, die längs des Geradenstücks S0aneinandergrenzen, konstant aber verschieden. Als Randbedingung auf S = δD ist die Normalspannung und als Kontaktbedingung auf S0sind auf beiden Ufern von S0die tangentiellen Komponenten des Verschiebungsvektors sowie die Differenz der Normalkomponenten des Verschiebungsvektors und des Normalspannungsvektors an beiden Ufern vorgegeben. Das Problem wird mit Hilfe von partikulären Lösungen und einem Potentialansatz vom Typ der einfachen Schicht, dessen Kern der Kontakttensor der Elastostatik für zwei gekoppelte Halbebenen ist, auf ein singuläres Integralgleichungssystem mit feststehenden Singularitäten zurückgeführt. Dieses ist im Raum L2(S) noethersch und hat den Index Null.
The Estimation of Integral Seepage Characteristics of Hydraulic Structures in Terms of the Theory of Inverse Boundary‐Value Problems
Authors: Ilyinsky N. B. , Kacimov A. R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe authors solve the problems of controlling the shape of hydraulic structures (apron, channel, drain, earth dam) under the condition of the extremum of integral seepage characteristics. The extremals and the corresponding estimates are found by the method of inverse boundary‐value problems within the scope of the theory of analytical functions.
Optimal Control of a Variational Inequality with Controsl in Coefficients. Applications to Structural Analysis – Mindlin‐Timoshenko Plate
Authors: Lovíšek J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBetrachtet wird eine Klasse von Design‐Optimierungsproblemen, wobei das Zustandsproblem durch eine Variationsungleichung kontrolliert wird. Letztere enthält einen elliptischen Operator, dessen Koeffizienten als Design‐ (Kontroll)‐Variable gewählt werden. Wir geben hinreichende Bedingungen an für die Existenz einer optimalen Steuerung. Die Analysis wird im abstrakten Fall durch die Einführung einer endlichdimensionalen Approximation des Problems sowie den Beweis von deren Konvergenz ergänzt. Schließlich konstruieren wir ein Beispiel für ein Optimierungsproblem and Hand der Mindlin‐Timoschenko‐Platte.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Laminar Flow through a Staggered Bundle of Cylinders
Authors: Rasoul J. , Anagnostopoulos P. , Ganoulis J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie laminare Strömung durch ein versetzt angeordnetes Bündel von Zylindern wird untersucht. Das Ziel dieses Projekts ist die Berechung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten und der Druckverteilung im Strömungsfeld. Die betrachteten Reynolds‐Zahlen, gebildet aus der mittleren Geschwindigkeit und dem Abstand zwischen den Zylindern, liegen zwischen 6 und 300. Falls die Strömung auf den laminaren Zustand beschränkt ist, wird das mathematische Modell des Problems aus den Navier‐Stokesschen‐Gleichungen gebildet. Für die numerische Lösung dieser Gleichungen wurde die Finite‐Differenzen‐Methode benutzt und zwar in einer Form, wo die Geschwindigkeiten und der Druck die Feldvariablen sind. Stromlinien, Geschwindigkeiten und Druckverteilungen werden für verschiedene Reynolds‐Zahlen dargestellt. Die Zuverlässigkeit der Rechnung wird durch vorgeführte Laborexperimente unter verschiedenen Bedingungen geprüft. Die Geschwindigkeiten in Strömungsrichtung wurden an ausgewählten Meßpunkten im Strömungsfeld unter Benutzung der Laser‐Doppler‐Anemometrie gemessen. Die Anwendbarkeit der Resultate auf den Ursprung der Beziehungen zwischen mikroskopischen und makroskopischen Eigenschaften der Strömung durch poröse Medien wird ebenfalls diskutiert.
On Dual Solutions of Stagnation Point Flow of a Viscoelastic Fluid
Authors: Ariel P. D. , Teipel I. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird die laminare zweidimensionale Strömung eines inkompressiblen viskoelastischen Fluids in der Nähe eines Staupunktes betrachtet. Eine Näherungslösung, die die orthogonale Kollokationspunktmethode mit Laguerreschen Polynomen benutzt, wird entwickelt. Sie unterstreicht die Nichtexistenz von Lösungen über den kritischen Wert des viskoelastischen Fluidparameters hinaus und die Existenz dualer Lösungen für den Parameterwert kleiner als dieser kritische Wert. Eine lineare Stabilitätsbetrachtung der zwei Lösungen wird vorgestellt. Die Lösung, die zum kleineren Wert der Schubspannungen gehört, ergibt sich als stabile Lösung, während die andere Lösung sich als instabil erweist.
Numerical and Experimental Study of Nonlinear Localization in a Flexible Structure with Vibro‐Impacts
Authors: Emaci E. , Nayfeh T. A. , Vakakis A. F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this work a numerical and experimental study of nonlinear motion confinement phenomena in a nonlinear flexible assembly with vibro‐impacts is carried out. The assembly consists of two coupled cantilever beams whose motion is constrained by rigid barriers. In the theoretical model the impact nonlinearities are simulated by clearance nonlinearities with steep stiffness characteristics; special care is taken to model energy dissipation due to inelastic impacts. The theoretical results confirm that the vibro‐impact system possess motion confinement properties. Both transient and steady state motions are studied, and it is shown that under certain conditions the vibrational energy of the system is passively confined to only one of the two beams. These essentially nonlinear responses exist inspite of direct coupling between the two beams, and have no analogs in linear theory. The experimental results confirm the theoretical predictions both in the transient and steady state regimes. The passive nonlinear motion confinement phenomena reported in this and previous works can be utilized to enhance the controllability of flexible structures with symmetries, and to improve current shock and vibration isolation designs of such systems.
Application of gas‐liquid partition chromatography to the quantitative estimation of monoglycerides
Authors: McInnes A. G. , Tattrie N. H. , Kates M. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryA procedure has been developed for the quantitative estimation of monoglycerides in terms of their constituent fatty acids. The monoglyceride mixture is mesylated with mesyl chloride in the presence of pyridine, and the resulting dimesyl derivatives are converted to allyl esters of the constituent fatty acids by treatment with sodium iodide in anhydrous acetone at 100°C. The allyl esters are then analyzed quantitatively by gas‐liquid partition chromatography at 240°C. on a column of Apiezon M—Celite. Both α‐ and β‐monoglycerides are quantitatively converted to allyl esters by this procedure. β‐Monoglycerides in a mixture of α‐ and β‐isomers may be determined separately after removal of the α‐isomers by oxidation with periodic acid. The analytical procedure is also applicable to monoglycerides in the presence of free fatty acids, diglycerides, and triglycerides.
Integrated oil mill processing
Authors: Sikes James K. 
Published: May 2007

ConclusionThe foregoing has been set forth in an effort to point out possible ways and means by which an oil mill may broaden its horizons or scope of operation. We have tried to show economic advantages to be gained by having these operations performed at the mill site rather than having some‐one somewhere else do them with the attendant increase in price to the ultimate consumer. In other words, it has been our aim to show how an oil mill may become more integrated in its operation and not simply add on certain features for addition's sake. Where possible, savings have been shown by using common components, common labor, and common power, all necessary to operate the oil mill in its regular state without the additional benefits and revenues derived from integrated processing.
Biogenesis of polyunsaturated acid in fish
Authors: Mead James F. , Kayama Mitsu , Reiser Raymond 
Published: May 2007

SummaryFollowing injection ofTilapia mossambica with acetate‐1‐C14, their fatty acids were isolated, fractionated, and degraded. The high content of linoleic and arachidonic acids was evidently derived from the diet. Degradation of these acids revealed a distribution of carbon‐14 similar to that found in similar studies on mammals.
Conversion of conjugatedcis‐trans octadecadienoates to thetrans‐trans isomers1,2,3
Authors: Chipault J. R. , Hawkins J. M. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryThe conversion of methyl conjugatedcis‐trans octadecadienoate to thetrans‐trans isomer takes place easily in the presence of iodine and light. The reaction is more rapid in carbon disulfide than in Skellysolve C, and it is quite slow and accompanied by loss of conjugation in methanol. The rate of conversion increases with iodine concentration and light intensity and decreases with increasing fat concentration. It is affected by temperature also, but to a lesser degree. the influence of light may result from its catalytic effect on the decomposition of a reversible fat‐iodine complex.The reaction appears to be pseudo‐first order with respect to the substrate but is complicated by side reactions which inactivate the catalyst and destroy conjugation.The reaction occurs, at a measurable rate, with iodine in the dark, or in light without iodine, but no conversion takes place without iodine in darkness.The isomerization reaches an equilibrium when approximately 71% of the conjugation present is in thetrans‐trans form. This equilibrium can be attained by starting with eithercis‐trans ortrans‐trans material. Very little, if any,cis‐cis isomer is present in the equilibrium mixture.
Optical bleaches on wash‐and‐wear cotton
Authors: Villaume F. G. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryMore than 50% of certain classes of wearing apparel, such as men's shirts, currently being sold are made of wash‐and‐wear fabric. This. percentage is expected to increase even more in the future.The reaction products used in preparing wash‐and‐wear cotton and the proposed mechanism whereby these products modify cotton have been deseribed.Data have been presented to show the reduced whitening effect and fastness properties obtained with the current optical bleaches on wash‐and‐wear cotton as compared with untreated cotton.
Estimation of skin content of peanut meals and relative skin pigment content of isolated proteins
Authors: Stansbury Mack F. , Hoffpauir Carroll L. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryA method for estimating the skin content of peanut meals and relative skin pigment content of peanut proteins is described. The method is based on the fact that the pigments consist predominantly of a catechol tannin and related compounds which give a red product with characteristic absorption when heated with alcoholic hydrochloric acid.Any residue of red skins imparts color to peanut meals and protein products derived from them. Since this color is objectionable to the use of these products for industrial purposes and may be an important consideration in the future use of extracted peanut meal in foods, the method was applied to meals containing known amounts of skins and to proteins of known processing history. The results obtained indicate that the method may be used to estimate the degree of skin removal in the preparation of peanut meals and also to evaluate proteins for skin pigment content.
Sodium salts of alkyl esters ofa‐sulfo fatty acids. Wetting, lime soap dispersion, and related properties
Authors: Stirton A. J. , Bistline R. G. , Weil J. K. , Ault Waldo C. , Maurer E. W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA series of esters of the general formula RCH(SO3Na)‐CO2R′ of 14–19 carbon atoms prepared by the α‐sulfonation of propionic, butyric, pelargonic, lauric, myristic, palmitie, and stearic acids and esterification with normal primary alcohols were compared for critical micelle concentration, surface and interfacial tension, Ca++ stability, wetting properties, foam height, detergency, and lime soap dispersing properties. Comparison of position isomers showed that as the hydrophilic portion moved from the center toward either end, cmc and wetting efficiency decreased, surface and interfacial tension increased, and Ca++ stability and lime soap dispersing properties improved.A coconut oil fatty acid forerun sulfonated with SO3 vapor and esterified with 2‐ethylhexanol gave a product with useful wetting properties in soft and hard water.
Component fatty acids of Indian shark liver oils
Authors: Pathak S. P. , Agarwal C. V. , Mathur S. S. 
Published: May 2007

Summary

Two samples of the liver oil of an Indian species of shark (Galeocerdo rayneri), one from the Arabian Sea, and the other from the Bay of Bengal, have been studied. Their component acids are reported.

Tsujimoto's lithium salt acetone method has been adopted for the separation of highly unsaturated acid fraction from the mixed acids in one case while in the other the modified technique of Lovern has been followed. The insoluble acids have been further resolved into two fractions with the help of Hilditch's modified lead‐sal alcohol method. The efficient column (E.H.P.) of Longenecker has been employed for fractionation in the present work.

The liver oils are found to belong to the fourth group of Tsujimoto's classification of the Elasmobranch fish liver oils. Shark liver oil No. 1 contains 40.9% saturated acids (palmitic 24.9%, stearic 11.1%, also myristic 3.3%, and minor proportions of lauric, arachidic, and lignoceric) and 59.1% unsaturated acids (C16 is 11.2%, C18 19.6%, C20 and above 27.1%, also some C12 and C14 monoethenoids).
Shark liver oil No. 2 has the following composition: saturated acid 39.9% (palmitic 23.6%, stearic 14.5%, and myristic 1.5%, together with a minor amount of arachidic acid) and unsaturated acids 60.1% (mainly C16 10.9%, C18 23.3%, and C20 and above 25.7%; C14 acids are also present).The abnormal saturated acid content is discussed. These analyses provide the third instance of this peculiar group of Elasmobranch liver oils.
The reaction of an autoxidized lipid with proteins
Authors: Andrews Fred , Bjorksten Johan , Trenk F. B. , Henick A. S. , Koch R. B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEvidence is presented which indicates that an interaction occurs between proteins and an autoxidizing unsaturated lipid. Using a model system approach, it has been established that two purified proteins (gelatin and insulin) are chemically modified in the presence of an autoxidizing lipid, methyl linoleate.The insulin‐methyl linoleate interaction has been studied chromatographically after acid and alkaline hydrolysis, and also by using the Sanger end group analysis method. The data indicate that lipid intermediates react with theॉ‐amino group of lysine, and also with phenylalanine and glycine, the N‐terminal amino groups of insulin.Hydrogen fluoride solubility and enzyme hydrolysis determinations indicate that the autoxidation products of methyl linoleate interact with protein to produce new chemical entities through cross‐linking.
Flavor and oxidative stability of some linolenate‐containing oils
Authors: Moser Helen A. , Evans C. D. , Mustakas G. , Cowan J. C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBecause crambe, mustard seed, and rapeseed oils, like soybean oil, contain linolenate ester, they have been examined and compared with soybean oil for flavor stability after accelerated storage and after exposure to fluorescent light. Tests showed that the Cruciferae oils did have similar flavor characteristics and that the addition of citric acid did improve their stability. When exposed to light, the citric acid‐treated Cruciferae oils differed from soybean oil; they developed a rubbery flavor, whereas soybean oil developed a grassy flavor. Oxidative stability determined by the active oxygen method confirmed results of oven storage tests. This work supports the belief that if linolenic acid is present in an edible oil, it is a precursor to typical off‐flavor development.
A small laboratory model, wiped‐surface heat exchanger for chilling and texturating shortenings
Authors: Royce Harvey , Morgan P. W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA miniature Votator type, wiped‐surface heat exchanger for chilling and texturating shortening has been described.The package unit, mounted on a table about 2×4 ft. in dimensions, fitted with casters for mobility, needs only to be plugged into an electrical outlet for operation, operates at fat feed‐rates of 10 to 80 lbs. per hour, with an integrated 3/4 ton Freon refrigeration unit capable of holding the chilling unit to ±1°F, in the range −30°F, to +60°F., 4‐step pulley agitator drives on both chilling and texturating units giving 330 to 1170 r.p.m. speed range, aluminum alloy chilling and texturating units, fat and air Flowrators with needle valve control, free‐swinging wiper blades, and a few other minor features that lead to smooth operation.The unit has been found useful in our laboratory to process various types of shortenings for research purposes, to supply special shortenings to prospective customers for evaluation, and to check the operation of the plant Votators.
Poisoning of nickel‐based catalysts in fat hydrogenation
Authors: Irandoust Said , Edvardsson Jonas 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe influence of various poisoning compounds on the hydrogenation of fat is reviewed. Sulfur‐containing compounds, present in both vegetable and marine oils, create serious catalyst deactivation problems. In this paper, the poisoning efffect of sulfur and its role on the reactant adsorption in different hydrogenation reactions are discussed. Several factors affecting the sulfur resistance of the catalyst metal are summarized. Other inhibitors influencing the fat hydrogenation, such as phosphorus compounds, free fatty acids, sodium soaps, chlorophyll, halogen compounds and products of lipid oxidation, are also considered.
Identification of some previously unknown aldehydes in cooked chicken
Authors: Harkes P. D. , Begemann W. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAldehydes present in a flavor concentrate, obtained from cooked chicken were separated and isolated by means of gas liquid chromatography. Subsequently, they were converted into their 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazones and identified by thin layer chromatography on Kieselguhr G‐Carbowax 750 and Silica Gel G‐AgNO3and by analysis after partial hydrogenation. Finally, they were compared with model substances. Besides the aldehydes which had been found earlier in cooked chicken the following new aldehydes were identified: 3‐c‐nonenal; 4‐c‐decenal; 2‐t,4‐c,7‐c‐decatrienal; 2‐t,5‐c‐undecadienal; 2‐t‐dodecenal; 2‐t,4‐c‐dodecadienal; 2‐t,6‐c‐ and 2‐t,6‐t‐dodecadienal; 2‐t‐tridecenal; 2‐t,4‐c‐tridecadienal; 2‐t,4‐c,7‐c‐tridecatrienal; and 2‐t,4‐c‐tetradecadienal. Three of them, 4‐c‐decenal; 2‐t,6‐c‐dodecadienal; and 2‐t,4‐c,7‐c‐tridecatrienal are typical breakdown products of arachidonic acid, and to a major extent also 2‐t,5‐c‐undecadienal.
The reactions of 1,2‐dioctylcyclopropene with silver nitrate
Authors: Kircher Henry W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSterculene (1,2‐di‐n‐octylcyclopropene) reacts slowly with dilute solutions of silver nitrate in acetonitrile with formation of a silver mirror and production of 9‐methylene‐10‐octadecanone. The reaction is rapid in alcohols; finely‐divided silver is formed and sterculene is transformed into 9‐alkoxymethyl‐9‐octadecenes together with smaller amounts of the unsaturated ketone. In neither case is the silver formed in stoichiometric quantities. The reaction ofSterculia foetida oil methyl esters with alcoholic silver nitrate was used to demonstrate the possible application of this reaction to the determination of cyclopropene fatty acids.
Rigid polyurethane foams from diethanolamides of carboxylated oils and fatty acids
Authors: Khoe T. H. , Frankel E. N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNew polyols of high hydroxyl content and reactivity were made from linseed and soybean oils and acids by catalytic carboxylation followed by reaction with diethanolamine. Urethane foams made with these diethanolamides were stronger than those made with castor oil at equivalent polyol wt. Because of their higher hydroxyl content, a larger amount of diethanolamides could be incorporated in foam formulations than is possible with castor oil. The rigid urethane foams prepared with the new polyols meet the requirements of commercial products with respect to density, compressive strength, and dimensional stability.