bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemotherapy for myeloid malignancy in children with Fanconi anemia
Authors: Mehta Parinda A. , Ileri Talia , Harris Richard E. , Williams David A. , Mo Jun , Smolarek Teresa , Auerbach Arleen D. , Kelly Patrick , Davies Stella M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBackgroundChildren with Fanconi anemia (FA) have a markedly increased risk of developing myeloid malignancies. Historically, patients with FA and myeloid malignancy have extremely poor outcomes. There are currently no clinical trials or case series addressing the use of chemotherapy for children with FA, except in the context of preparative regimens for stem cell transplantation (SCT). In this report we describe the toxicity of a chemotherapy approach for patients with FA and myeloid malignancy to achieve cytoreduction prior to SCT.Patients and MethodsFour patients with FA and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were treated with chemotherapy (fludarabine 30 mg/m2 and cytosine arabinoside 300 mg/m2 each on days 2–4 and granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) 5 µg/kg on days 1–5), termed reduced intensity FLAG prior to SCT.ResultsThe chemotherapy was well tolerated with expected hematologic toxicity and no measurable toxicity in other organs. Two of the three patients with AML cleared blasts from their bone marrow. Reduction in marrow cellularity was also achieved in one patient with hypercellular MDS.ConclusionThese data indicate that children with FA and myeloid malignancy can tolerate chemotherapy and achieve clearance of disease. It remains unclear whether pre‐SCT chemotherapy improves currently poor survival rates for SCT in FA patients with myeloid malignancies and further studies are needed to determine if there is a clinical role for this strategy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:668–672. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of dialysis on all trans retinoic acid levels in a child with acute promyelocytic leukemia and renal failure
Authors: Rajpurkar Madhvi , Alcasabas Patricia , Warrier Indulekha , Valentini Rudolph P. , Fassinger Nancy , Frattarelli Daniel A.C. , Ravindranath Yaddanapudi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAll trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with chemotherapy has become the mainstay of treatment for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Renal dysfunction (RD) is commonly seen in patients with APL. We describe a patient with APL and multi‐organ failure, who was on chronic veno‐venous hemofiltration followed by hemodialysis (HD) and later peritoneal dialysis (PD), who received ATRA. ATRA levels were assessed as the body clearance of ATRA in children on HD and/or PD was unknown. Neither HD nor PD significantly affected ATRA levels, suggesting that dose modifications of ATRA may not be necessary for children with these forms of renal replacement therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:994–996. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology, tensile properties, and fracture toughness of epoxy/Al2O3 nanocomposites
Authors: Naous Walid , Yu Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Qing‐Xin , Naito Kimiyoshi , Kagawa Yutaka 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEpoxy/Al2O3 nanocomposites were prepared using an epoxy resin, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, and cured with a polyoxypropylene diamine (Jeffamine D‐400). Transmission electron microscopy and wide angle X‐ray diffraction were employed to reveal the morphology of epoxy/Al2O3 nanocomposites. Dynamic mechanical analysis results showed that the storage modulus and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of epoxy were improved. Tensile strength and Young's modulus also increased with increasing Al2O3 loading. Fracture toughness, as indicated by the stress intensity factor, KQ, was determined using single edge notch bending method, and 40% increase in KQ was observed with only 2 vol % Al2O3. Scanning electron microscopy study of fracture surface showed a rather smooth and flat morphology for neat epoxy. However, massive plastic deformation was observed for epoxy/Al2O3 nanocomposites, leading to the significant increase in fracture toughness. The influence of spherical Al2O3 nanoparticles on thermophysical properties of epoxy was discussed and compared with that of sheet‐like nanoclays. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1466–1473, 2006
Tensile deformation of electrospun nylon‐6,6 nanofibers
Authors: Zussman E. , Burman M. , Yarin A. L. , Khalfin R. , Cohen Y. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNylon‐6,6 nanofibers were electrospun at an elongation rate of the order of 1000 s−1 and a cross‐sectional area reduction of the order of 0.33 × 105. The influence of these process peculiarities on the intrinsic structure and mechanical properties of the electrospun nanofibers is studied in the present work. Individual electrospun nanofibers with an average diameter of 550 nm were collected at take‐up velocities of 5 and 20 m/s and subsequently tested to assess their overall stress–strain characteristics; the testing included an evaluation of Young's modulus and the nanofibers' mechanical strength. The results for the as‐spun nanofibers were compared to the stress–strain characteristics of the melt‐extruded microfibers, which underwent postprocessing. For the nanofibers that were collected at 5 m/s the average elongation‐at‐break was 66%, the mechanical strength was 110 MPa, and Young's modulus was 453 MPa, for take‐up velocity of 20 m/s—61%, 150 and 950 MPa, respectively. The nanofibers displayed α‐crystalline phase (with triclinic cell structure). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1482–1489, 2006
On Killing tensors and cubic vertices in higher‐spin gauge theories
Authors: Bekaert X. , Boulanger N. , Cnockaert S. , Leclercq S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe problem of determining all consistent non‐Abelian local interactions is reviewed in flat space‐time. The antifield‐BRST formulation of the free theory is an efficient tool to address this problem. Firstly, it allows to compute all on‐shell local Killing tensor fields, which are important because of their deep relationship with higher‐spin algebras. Secondly, under the sole assumptions of locality and Poincaré invariance, all non‐trivial consistent deformations of a sum of spin‐three quadratic actions deforming the Abelian gauge algebra were determined. They are compared with lower‐spin cases.
Unitarity in the presence of closed timelike curves
Authors: Costa M.S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe conjecture that, in certain cases, quantum dynamics is consistent in the presence of closed timelike curves. We consider time dependent orbifolds of three dimensional Minkowski space describing, in the limit of large AdS radius, BTZ black holes inside the horizon. Although perturbative unitarity fails, we show that, for discrete values of the gravitational coupling, particle propagation is consistent with unitarity. This quantization corresponds to the quantization of the black hole angular momentum. We perform the computation at very low energies, where string effects are irrelevant and interactions are dominated by graviton exchange in the eikonal regime.
Electric tachyon inflation
Authors: Cremades D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe propose that under certain conditions the universal open string tachyon can drive topological inflation in moduli stabilised frameworks. Namely, the presence of electric field in the world volume of the D‐brane can slow down its decay leading to a phenomenological model of inflation. The conditions for inflation to take place are difficult to satisfy in the standard warped deformed conifold but easier to realise in other geometries.
Non‐critical superstrings and supersymmetric QCD
Authors: Niarchos V. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn the present note we review the salient features of D‐brane physics in a specific four‐dimensional non‐critical superstring theory which involves the 𝒩 = 2 SL(2)/U(1) Kazama‐Suzuki model at level 1. We pay special attention to a configuration of D3‐ and D5‐ branes that realizes 𝒩 = 1 supersymmetric QCD and briefly discuss some implications of this construction for the (non)AdS/(non)CFT correspondence in the context of non‐critical superstring theory.
Moduli stabilization in toroidal type IIB orientifolds
Authors: Reffert S. , Scheidegger E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe discuss the first step in the moduli stabilization program a la KKLT for a general class of resolved toroidal type IIB orientifolds. In particular, we discuss their geometry, the topology of the divisors relevant for the D3–brane instantons which can contribute to the superpotential, and some non–trivial aspects of the orientifold action.
Non‐Abelian tensor gauge fields and higher‐spin extension of standard model
Authors: Savvidy G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe suggest an extension of the gauge principle which includes non‐Abelian tensor gauge fields. The invariant Lagrangian is quadratic in the field strength tensors and describes interaction of charged tensor gauge bosons of arbitrary large integer spin 1,2,⋖. Non‐Abelian tensor gauge fields can be viewed as a unique gauge field with values in the infinite‐dimensional current algebra associated with compact Lie group. The full Lagrangian exhibits also enhanced local gauge invariance with double number of gauge parameters which allows to eliminate all negative norm states of the nonsymmetric second‐rank tensor gauge field, which describes therefore two polarizations of helicity‐two massless charged tensor gauge boson and the helicity‐zero “axion” The geometrical interpretation of the enhanced gauge symmetry with double number of gauge parameters is not yet known.
On supersymmetry and other properties of a class of marginally deformed backgrounds
Authors: Hernández R. , Sfetsos K. , Zoakos D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe summarize our recent work on supergravity backgrounds dual to part of the Coulomb branch of 𝒩 = 1 theories constructed as marginal deformations of 𝒩 = 4 Yang–Mills. In particular, we present a summary of the behaviour of the heavy quark‐antiquark potential which shows confining behaviour in the IR as well as of the spectrum of the wave equation. The reduced supersymmetry is due to the implementation of T‐duality in the construction of the deformed supergravity solutions. As a new result we analyze and explicitly solve the Killing spinor equations of the 𝒩 = 1 background in the superconformal limit.
Interdomain mobility in di‐ubiquitin revealed by NMR
Authors: Ryabov Yaroslav , Fushman David 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDomain orientation and dynamics can play an essential role in the function of multidomain proteins. Lys48‐linked polyubiquitin chains, the principal signal for proteasomal protein degradation, adopt a closed conformation at physiological conditions, in which the functionally important residues Leu8, Ile44, and Val70 are sequestered at the interdomain interface. This interface must open in order for these groups to become available for interactions with various chain‐recognition factors. Knowledge of the mechanism of domain motion leading to the opening of the interdomain interface in polyubiqutin is, therefore, essential for the understanding of the processes controlling molecular recognition events in polyubiquitin signaling. Here we use NMR to characterize the interdomain dynamics that open the interface in a di‐ubiquitin chain. This process occurs via domain reorientations on a 10‐ns time scale and with the amplitudes that are sufficient for making functionally important hydrophobic residues in polyubiquitin available for direct interactions with various ubiquitin‐binding factors. The analysis revealed the structures of the interconverting conformational states of di‐ubiquitin and the rates and amplitudes of this process at near‐physiological and acidic pH. The proposed mechanism of domain reorientation is quite general and could serve as a paradigm of interdomain mobility in other multidomain systems. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fabrication of a transparent p–n heterojunction thin film diode composed of p‐CuAlO2/n‐ZnO
Authors: Kim Dae‐Sung , Park Tae‐Jin , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Choi Se‐Young 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn all‐oxide transparent p–n heterojunction on a glass substrate was fabricated. The structure of the diode was ITO electrode/p‐CuAlO2/n‐ZnO/In electrode on the glass substrate. The p‐CuAlO2 thin film was deposited by e‐beam evaporation, which was annealed by the wet‐oxidation method. The p–n heterojunction thin film diode showed rectifying current–voltage characteristics, dominated in forward bias by the flow of space‐charge‐limited current. The ratio of forward current to the reverse current exceeded 40 within the range of applied voltages of –4.0 to +4.0 V and the turn‐on voltage was 0.3 V. Optical transmission of the diode was about 40% in the visible range. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ecology of an estuarine mysid shrimp in the Columbia River (USA)
Authors: Haskell Craig A. , Stanford Jack A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe estuarine mysid, Neomysis mercedis, has colonized John Day and other run‐of‐the‐river Reservoirs of the Columbia River, over 400 km from the estuary. In John Day Reservoir N. mercedis numbers peaked (2 m−3) in August in areas near the dam in association with lower water velocity and softer bottom than at the upstream sampling sites. Neomysis broods were primarily released in late spring and early fall. Gut content analysis showed that Neomysis feeds mostly on cladoceran zooplankton and rotifers in John Day Reservoir. Diel vertical migration was documented, with daytime distribution restricted to the bottom and preferentially to the soft‐textured sediments in the deepest areas. Common pelagic fishes in the reservoir, especially juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), are daytime zooplankton feeders that cannot prey on Neomysis owing to mysid diel vertical migration. Thus, Neomysis has become an important food web component in John Day Reservoir. We also collected N. mercedis further upstream in Lower Granite Reservoir, where another estuarine crustacean, Corophium salmonis, also is reported, underscoring the need to better understand the role of these estuarine invertebrates in the trophic ecology of the Columbia River. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The growth of gravity-capillary waves in a coupled shear flow
Authors: Valenzuela G. R. 
Published: April 2006

The growth rates and phase speeds of gravity-capillary wind waves are investigated through numerical solution of a linear, viscous, coupled, shear-flow perturbation model. Numerical results are obtained by transforming the boundary-value problem of a perturbed mean laminar shear flow into a matrix-eigenvalue problem using standard finite-difference methods.Detailed calculations are performed for a basic state composed of a logarithmic-linear mean flow profile in the air and a linear-logarithmic mean flow profile in the water. We exclude turbulent Reynolds stresses. Calculated growth rates show excellent agreement with corresponding experimental growth rates. This implies that the initial growth of gravity-capillary wind waves is almost certainly due to the instability of the coupled laminar shear flow in the air and water.The investigation also demonstrates that the shear flow in the water cannot be ignored in wave growth studies, since the usual 3-4%, highly sheared, wind-induced surface drift produces a significant increase in the growth of wind-generated gravity-capillary waves.
Velocity profiles and fence drag for a turbulent boundary layer along smooth and rough flat plates
Authors: Raju K. G. Ranga , Loeser J. , Plate E. J. 
Published: April 2006

The properties of a turbulent boundary layer were investigated as they relate to the form drag on a two-dimensional fence. Detailed measurements were performed at zero pressure gradient of velocity profiles along smooth, rough and transitional flat plates. Upon comparison with other published data, these measurements resulted in simple formulae for the displacement thickness and the local shear coefficient and in a modification to the universal velocity defect law for equilibrium boundary layers.With these boundary layers, experiments were performed to determine the drag on a two-dimensional fence. These data were analysed along with data from previous investigations. It was found that after suitable blockage corrections all form-drag coefficients for two-dimensional fences collapsed on a single curve if they were calculated with the shear velocity as the reference velocity and plotted against the ratio of the fence height to the characteristic roughness parameter of the approaching flow.
A moving fluid interface on a rough surface
Authors: Hocking L. M. 
Published: April 2006

When an interface between two fluids moves in contact with a solid boundary, the Navier-Stokes equations and the no-slip boundary condition provide an unsatisfactory theoretical model, because they predict an undefined velocity at the contact line and a non-integrable stress on the solid boundary. If the surface irregularities are included in the model, the flow on a length scale large compared with their size can be calculated, using a slip coefficient and treating the surface as smooth.A simple type of corrugated surface is examined, and the effective slip coefficient calculated, for grooves of finite and infinite depth. The slip coefficient when the grooves are filled with one fluid and another fluid flows over them is also calculated. It is suggested that, when a fluid displaces another on a rough surface, the displaced fluid remains in the hollows on the surface, thus providing a partly fluid boundary for the displacing fluid and leading to a slip coefficient for the flow.Fluid contained between two vertical plates and rising between them provides a simple example of a flow for which the solution can be found with and without a slip coefficient. With slip present, the force on the plates is finite and its value is calculated.
Strong MHD helical turbulence and the nonlinear dynamo effect
Authors: Pouquet A. , Frisch U. , Léorat J. 
Published: April 2006

To understand the turbulent generation of large-scale magnetic fields and to advance beyond purely kinematic approaches to the dynamo effect like that introduced by Steenbeck, Krause & Radler (1966)’ a new nonlinear theory is developed for three-dimensional, homogeneous, isotropic, incompressible MHD turbulence with helicity, i.e. not statistically invariant under plane reflexions. For this, techniques introduced for ordinary turbulence in recent years by Kraichnan (1971 a)’ Orszag (1970, 1976) and others are generalized to MHD; in particular we make use of the eddy-damped quasi-normal Markovian approximation. The resulting closed equations for the evolution of the kinetic and magnetic energy and helicity spectra are studied both theoretically and numerically in situations with high Reynolds number and unit magnetic Prandtl number.Interactions between widely separated scales are much more important than for non-magnetic turbulence. Large-scale magnetic energy brings to equipartition small-scale kinetic and magnetic excitation (energy or helicity) by the ‘Alfvén effect’; the small-scale ‘residual’ helicity, which is the difference between a purely kinetic and a purely magnetic helical term, induces growth of large-scale magnetic energy and helicity by the ‘helicity effect’. In the absence of helicity an inertial range occurs with a cascade of energy to small scales; to lowest order it is a −3/2 power law with equipartition of kinetic and magnetic energy spectra as in Kraichnan (1965) but there are −2 corrections (and possibly higher ones) leading to a slight excess of magnetic energy. When kinetic energy is continuously injected, an initial seed of magnetic field will grow to approximate equipartition, at least in the small scales. If in addition kinetic helicity is injected, an inverse cascade of magnetic helicity is obtained leading to the appearance of magnetic energy and helicity in ever-increasing scales (in fact, limited by the size of the system). This inverse cascade, predicted by Frischet al.(1975), results from a competition between the helicity and Alféh effects and yields an inertial range with approximately — 1 and — 2 power laws for magnetic energy and helicity. When kinetic helicity is injected at the scale linjand the rate$\tilde{\epsilon}^V$(per unit mass), the time of build-up of magnetic energy with scaleL[Gt ] linjis$t \approx L(|\tilde{\epsilon}^V|l^2_{\rm inj})^{-1/3}.$
An experimental study of turbulent convective heat transfer from a flat plate
Authors: Perry A. E. , Hoffmann P. H. 
Published: April 2006

A turbulent boundary layer developing on a smooth heated uniform-temperature plate in a zero pressure gradient was set up. The origins of the layers were matched to remove the effect of an In heated starting length. Similarity proposals were tested. The mean flow field followed the usual law of the wall and defect law for both temperature and velocity. Broad-band measurements of stream wise velocity and temperature fluctuations were made, and wall similarity and Townsend's self-preserving flow similarity were found to be applicable, at least after a sufficient flow development.Some initial attempts to arrive at a comparison between heat and momentum transport are presented. The results include conditionally sampled measurements of instantaneous heat and momentum fluxes and correlations between these two quantities. The fluxes were divided into quadrants. Conditional probabilities and weighted joint probability density functions were measured to determine whether there was a similarity in behaviour of these two fluxes. The concept of ‘hole size’ developed for momentum flux was extended to heat flux and events corresponding to bursts and sweeps in the momentum flux were found to be accompanied by corresponding events in the heat flux.
Measurements with a pulsed-wire and a hot-wire anemometer in the highly turbulent wake of a normal flat plate
Authors: Bradbury L. J. S. 
Published: April 2006

This paper describes an investigation into the response of both the pulsed-wire anemometer and the hot-wire anemometer in a highly turbulent flow. The first part of the paper is concerned with a theoretical study of some aspects of the response of these instruments in a highly turbulent flow. It is shown that, under normal operating conditions, the pulsed-wire anemometer should give mean velocity and longitudinal turbulent intensity estimates to an accuracy of better than 10% without any restriction on turbulence level. However, to attain this accuracy in measurements of turbulent intensities normal to the mean flow direction, there is a lower limit on the turbulent intensity of about 50%. An analysis is then carried out of the behaviour of the hot-wire anemometer in a highly turbulent flow. It is found that the large errors that are known to develop are very sensitive to the precise structure of the turbulence, so that even qualitative use of hot-wire data in such flows is not feasible. Some brief comments on the possibility of improving the accuracy of the hot-wire anemometer are then given.The second half of the paper describes some comparative measurements in the highly turbulent flow immediately downstream of a normal flat plate. It is shown that, although it is not possible to interpret the hot-wire results on their own, it is possible to calculate the hot-wire response with a surprising degree of accuracy using the results from the pulsed-wire anemometer. This provides a rather indirect but none the less welcome check on the accuracy of the pulsed-wire results, which, in this very highly turbulent flow, have a certain interest in their own right.