bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of the
Candida albicans
Morphogenesis Regulator Gene
CZF1
and Its Regulation by Efg1p and Czf1p
Authors: Vinces Marcelo D. , Haas Christopher , Kumamoto Carol A. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

The ability of
Candida albicans
to transit between different cellular morphologies is believed to be important for virulence. Morphological transitions occur in response to a variety of environmental signals. One such signal is encountered when cells are grown in a semisolid matrix. An important regulator of cellular morphology is the putative transcription factor
CZF1
. Here we demonstrate that transcription of
CZF1
is responsive to growth parameters such as the temperature, carbon source, growth phase of cells, and the physical environment. In wild-type cells, a
CZF1
transcript of about 4 kb was expressed when cells were grown embedded in semisolid agar medium, as well as in late exponential phase when cells were grown in liquid medium. Deletion of
EFG1
, a key regulator of morphogenesis, abolished
CZF1
expression. Overexpression of
CZF1
revealed that this gene also autoregulates its expression. Efg1p and Czf1p were shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation to act by binding to the promoter of
CZF1
. The coupling of environmental cues to the expression of a morphogenetic transcription factor may allow
C. albicans
to coordinate morphogenesis in response to specific conditions encountered in the human host.
Stress by Heat Shock Induces Massive Down Regulation of Genes and Allows Differential Allelic Expression of the Gal/GalNAc Lectin in
Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Weber Christian , Guigon Ghislaine , Bouchier Christiane , Frangeul Lionel , Moreira Sandrine , Sismeiro Odile , Gouyette Catherine , Mirelman David , Coppee Jean Yves , Guillén Nancy 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Gene expression analysis by microarray assay revealed that when exposed to stress,
Entamoeba histolytica
exhibits a specific heat shock response, together with a dramatic overall reduction in gene transcription as well as differential allelic expression of key genes participating in virulence, such as the galactose/
N
-acetylgalactosamine (Gal/GalNAc) lectin.
Tropical Cyclogenesis Associated with Rossby Wave Energy Dispersion of a Preexisting Typhoon. Part II: Numerical Simulations*
Authors: Li Tim , Ge Xuyang , Wang Bin , Zhu Yongti 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The cyclogenesis events associated with the tropical cyclone (TC) energy dispersion are simulated in a 3D model. A new TC with realistic dynamic and thermodynamic structures forms in the wake of a preexisting TC when a large-scale monsoon gyre or a monsoon shear line flow is present. Maximum vorticity generation appears in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and the vorticity growth exhibits an oscillatory development. This oscillatory growth is also seen in the observed rainfall and cloud-top temperature fields. The diagnosis of the model output shows that the oscillatory development is attributed to the discharge and recharge of the PBL moisture and its interaction with convection and circulation. The moisture–convection feedback regulates the TC development through controlling the atmospheric stratification, raindrop-induced evaporative cooling and downdraft, PBL divergence, and vorticity generation. On one hand, ascending motion associated with deep convection transports moisture upward and leads to the discharge of PBL moisture and a convectively stable stratification. On the other hand, the convection-induced raindrops evaporate, leading to midlevel cooling and downdraft. The downdraft further leads to dryness and a reduction of equivalent potential temperature. This reduction along with the recharge of PBL moisture due to surface evaporation leads to reestablishment of a convectively unstable stratification and thus new convection.
Sensitivity experiments with both a single mesh (with a 15-km resolution) and a nested mesh (with a 5-km resolution in the inner mesh) indicate that TC energy dispersion alone in a resting environment does not lead to cyclogenesis, suggesting the important role of the wave train–mean flow interaction. A proper initial condition for background wind and moisture fields is crucial for maintaining a continuous vorticity growth through the multioscillatory phases.
A New Method for Preparation of Alcohols from Olefins with Molecular Oxygen and Phenylsilane by the Use of Bis(acetylacetonato)cobalt(II)
Authors: Isayama Shigeru , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
In the presence of a catalytic amount of bis(acetylacetonato)cobalt(II), various olefins react smoothly with molecular oxygen and phenylsilane at room temperature to afford the corresponding alcohols in good yields under neutral conditions.
The Preparation and Properties of the Condensed Polynuclear Aromatic (COPNA) Resins Using an Aromatic Aldehyde as Crosslinking Agent
Authors: Ota Michiya , Otani Sugio , Kobayashi Kiyoshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Thermosetting resins composed of triarylmethane structure were prepared by heating a mixture of a polycyclic aromatic compound and an aromatic aldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst. The resin prepared from the mixture of pyrene and terephthalaldehyde exhibited scarcely any weight loss up to 530 °C under nitrogen. While the resin from anthracene has such high carbon yield as 70% at 800 °C, although its thermostability is somewhat inferior.
Synthesis of Chiral “Twin Coronet” Porphyrins and Catalytic and Asymmetric Epoxidation of Olefins
Authors: Naruta Yoshinori , Tani Fumito , Maruyama Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Novel iron porphyrins, “twin coronet” porphyrins, which have chiral hydrophobic cavities consisting of binaphthalenes on their both faces are synthesized, and found to catalyze asymmetric epoxidation of olefins with high enantioselectivity.
Syntheses and Crystal Structure of Calix[4]quinone
Authors: Morita Yutaka , Agawa Toshio , Kai Yasushi , Kanehisa Nobuko , Kasai Nobutami , Nomura Eisaku , Taniguchi Hisaji 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Calix[4]quinone and other functionalized calixarenes were synthesized in high yields. The crystal structure of the calix[4]quinone was determined by the X-ray diffraction method.
A Convenient Synthesis of β-Aminoesters. The Reaction of Imines with Ketene Silyl Acetals Catalyzed by Phosphonium Salts
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Kashiwagi Kouichi , Matsui Shigekazu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
In the presence of a catalytic amount of a diphosphonium salt, the reaction of various imines, including 2-[N-(diphenylmethyl)formimidoyl]-pyridine, with ketene silyl acetals proceeded smoothly to afford the corresponding β-aminoesters in good yields.
Syntheses and Properties of 1′,1″″-Diphenylbiferrocene and Its Mixed-valence Salt
Authors: Kai Masahiro , Katada Motomi , Sano Hirotoshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A binuclear ferrocenyl derivative with phenyl groups and its mixed-valence triiodide salt were prepared. The 57Fe-Mössbauer spectra of the triiodide salt show that the temperature dependence of mixed-valence state is different from that of biferrocenium triiodide but rather similar to those of dialkylbiferrocenium salts which show an averaged-valence state at high temperatures.
Enantioselective Electron Transfer Reaction Catalyzed by a Novel Photosensitizer, [Ru(S(−) or R(+)-PhEt*bpy)3]2+
Authors: Ohkubo Katsutoshi , Ishida Hitoshi , Hamada Taisuke , Inaoka Tohru 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A novel ruthenium photosensitizer, [Ru(S(−)-PhEt*bpy)3]2+, was found to have Λ-configuration predominantly and reduce [Co(acac)3] catalytically with high enantioselectivity (kΛ/kΔ = 1.54) under irradiation of light (λ &gt; 400 nm) in ethanol/water (9:1 v/v).
Nickel and Iron Modified Copper Electrode for Electroreduction of CO2 by In-situ Electrodeposition
Authors: Hori Yoshio , Murata Akira , Ito Shin-ya , Yoshinami Yuzuru , Koga Osamu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Electroreduction of CO2 was studied with a Cu electrode in 0.1 M KHCO3 aqueous solution added with a small amount of Ni2+ or Fe2+. Ni or Fe was simultaneously electrodeposited on the electrode during the reduction of CO2. Methane/ethylene product selectivity (C1/C2) increased in time with increase of electrodeposited Ni or Fe. The ratio C1/C2 was linearly correlated with hydrogen formation at the electrode, which would be a measure of atomic hydrogen concentration on the electrode.
A Short Synthesis of (+)-endo-Brevicomin
Authors: Noda Yoshihiro , Kikuchi Mitsuko 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
(+)-endo-Brevicomin was synthesized in a few-step-sequence starting from (S)-(−)-1-(1,3-dithian-2-yl)-1-propanol, which was obtained by the baker’s yeast reduction of 1-(1,3-dithian-2-yl)-1-propanone.
Colloidal Dispersions of Palladium–Platinum Bimetallic Clusters Protected by Polymers. Preparation and Application to Catalysis
Authors: Toshima Naoki , Kushihashi Kakuta , Yonezawa Tetsu , Hirai Hidefumi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The colloidal dispersions of the palladium-platinum bimetallic clusters were prepared by refluxing the solution of PdCl6 and H2PtCl2 in water/ethanol in the presence of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone). The electronic absorption spectra and the transmission electron micrographs show the formation of an alloy in the clusters. The dispersions work as catalysts for the selective partial hydrogenation of 1,3-cyclooctadiene to cyclooctene. The highest activity was achieved by the bimetallic clusters with a Pd/Pt molar ratio of 4/1.
Isomerizations of Citronellal to Isopulegol and Geraniol to Linalool Catalyzed by Solid Acids and Bases
Authors: Arata Kazushi , Matsuura Chiharu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Citronellal was isomerized to isopulegol over SiO2–Al2O3, TiO2–ZrO2, FeSO4, NiSO4, Ti(SO4)2, Zr(SO4)2, and Al2O3, with the selectivity higher than 91%. Geraniol was also isomerized mainly to linalool over SiO2–Al2O3 and those four metal sulfates, and the selectivity on SiO2–Al2O3 and FeSO4 was higher than 81%.
Anion-Exchange in Basic Copper Acetate
Authors: Yamanaka Shoji , Sako Toshiharu , Hattori Makoto 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Basic copper acetate, Cu2(OH)3(OCOCH3)·H2O has the layer structure of the botallackite type. The acetate ions are located between the positively charged copper hydroxide layers and exchangeable with various anions such as NO3−, ClO4−, Cl−, Br−, I− and carboxylate ions. The exchange reactions are topotactic and some are reversible.
New Hosts Bearing Two Triphenylcarbinol Groups and Crystal Structures of Their Acetone Inclusion Compounds
Authors: Toda Fumio , Kai Akira , Toyotaka Ritsuji , Yip Wai-Hing , Mak Thomas C W 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
New hosts, m- and p-bis(diphenylhydroxymethyl)benzene and 2,2′-bis(diphenylhydroxymethyl)-1,1′-diphenyl, were found to exhibit high and selective inclusion tendencies toward a wide variety of guest compounds. Crystal structures of two representative acetone complexes were determined.
Asymmetric Intramolecular Diels–Alder Reaction Catalyzed by the Chiral Titanium Reagent
Authors: Iwasawa Nobuharu , Sugimori Jun , Kawase Yasuhiro , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The highly enantioselective intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction is achieved using a catalytic amount of the chiral titanium reagent prepared from TiCl2(OPri)2 and the tartrate derived chiral 1,4-diol.
Reaction of Olefins with Dimethylthiomethylsulfonium Salts and Triphenylphosphine. A New Convenient Synthesis of Vinylphosphonium Salts
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Koike Tetsufumi , Yamamoto Shin-ichi , Yonekura Kazuki , Ohta Hiroshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Olefins were effectively converted to the corresponding 2-methylthioalkylphosphonium salts by the reaction with dimethylthiomethylsulfonium salts and triphenylphosphine. The reaction of these salts with bases gave vinylphosphonium salts or vinylphosphine oxides in good yields.
A Convenient Method for the Direct Preparation of Ketones from Vinylsilanes with Molecular Oxygen Catalyzed by Cobalt(II) Complex
Authors: Kato Koji , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Various vinylsilanes are directly converted to the corresponding ketones in high yields on treatment with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalytic amount of cobalt(II) complex under neutral condition.
Product-selectivity Control in Electroreduction of Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds Using Electrodes Coated with LB-films of a Quaternary Ammonium Salt
Authors: Kunugi Yoshihito , Fuchigami Toshio , Tien Hsien-Ju , Nonaka Tsutomu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Glassy carbon electrodes coated with LB(Langmuir–Blodgett)-films of a dimethyldioctadecylammonium salt were prepared and used for the electroreduction of aromatic carbonyl compounds to give high selectivities for the corresponding hydrodimers. The selectivities were comparable to those obtained at an uncoated electrode in catholytes containing ordinary quaternary ammonium salts (10–100 mM (1 M = 1 mol dm−3)) as co-supporting electrolytes. The coated electrodes seemed to be stable during the electrolysis.
Role of Additives on Alcohol Sensing by Semiconductor Gas Sensor
Authors: Matsushima Shigenori , Maekawa Tomoki , Tamaki Jun , Miura Norio , Yamazoe Noboru 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Influences of various oxide additives on C2H5OH sensing properties of SnO2-based elements were examined. The sensitivity and selectivity of the elements could be markedly promoted with the addition of basic oxides represented by La2O3. The promoting effect was estimated to be related with selectivity in oxidation reaction of C2H5OH.
Potent Affinity Labeling Peptide Inhibitors of Calpain
Authors: Matsueda Rei , Umeyama Hideaki , Puri Rajinder N , Bradford Harlan N , Colman Robert W 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
We have employed a recently described affinity labeling approach using S-(3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl) group (Npys) to devise unique inhibitors of the Ca++-dependent thiol protease, calpain. Compounds with Npys group bound on the peptides with Leu-Leu or Val-Val sequences were found to be highly potent inhibitors of calpain.
Pentan-3-one Formation from Ethylene, Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen over Rhodium Supported on Active Carbon
Authors: Takahashi Nobuo , Arakawa Hironori , Kano Atsuhiko , Fukagawa Yoshimi , Asao Kiyoyuki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The rhodium supported on active carbon has been found to be active for pentan-3-one formation from C2H4 CO and H2, whereas other supported Rh catalysts investigated were inactive for this reaction. In the reaction at temperatures &lt; 373 K, the rate of formation of pentan-3-one was higher than that of propionaldehyde. However, the deactivation of the active species for pentan-3-one formation was observed in the reaction at 413 K.
Preparation and Properties of Poly(2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-diyl)
Authors: Yamamoto Takakazu , Zhou Zhen-hus , Kanbara Takaki , Maruyama Tsukasa 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A reaction of 5,5′-dibromo-2,2′-bipyridine with a zero-valent nickel complex affords poly(2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-diyl), which has physical and electrically conducting properties similar to those of poly(2,5-pyridinediyl) and forms complexes with Fe2+ and Ru2+.
Electrochemical Polymerization of Naphthalene Using a Composite Electrolyte of Aluminum Chloride and Copper(I) Chloride
Authors: Hara Susumu , Toshima Naoki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Purple colored poly(1,4-naphthylene) films have been prepared by electrochemical polymerization of naphthalene using a composite electrolyte of aluminum chloride and copper(I) chloride. The conductivity and the decomposition temperature of the as-grown film were ca. 10−6 S cm−1 and 546 °C, respectively.
Enzyme Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrolysis of Chloral Acetyl Methyl Acetal
Authors: Chênevert Robert , Desjardins Michel , Gagnon René 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Hydrolysis of racemic chloral acetyl methyl acetal using lipase from Candida cylindraceae, porcine pancreatic lipase or cholesterol esterase gives the optically pure (−)-enantiomer whereas hydrolysis using subtilisin gives the pure (+)-enantiomer.
Benzylic Acid Rearrangement in the Solid State
Authors: Toda Fumio , Tanaka Koichi , Kagawa Yukiko , Sakaino Yoshiko 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Benzylic acid rearrangements in the solid state were studied and some of them were found to proceed faster than in solution. Although the rearrangement which is initiated by an attack of OH− and then proceeds via radical intermediate was clarified to be similar to that in solution, the effect of alkali metal hydroxide on the rearrangement in the solid state was different from that in solution.
Photoelectrochemical Properties of Orientation-Controlled Thin Film for 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrin
Authors: Yanagi Hisao , Ashida Michio , Harima Yutaka , Yamashita Kazuo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Dark- and photo-electrochemical properties of an orientation-controlled thin film of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) were investigated in the indium–tin oxide(ITO)/TPP/I3−,I−/Pt system. The oriented film exhibited a photocurrent quantum yield three times as great as the polycrystalline film. This enhancement in quantum yield may be attributable to the standing molecular orientation of TPP on the ITO substrate.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Membrane-Spanning Porphinatoiron(II)
Authors: Tsuchida Eishun , Hasegawa Etsuo , Komatsu Teruyuki , Nakata Taisaku , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A new tetraphenylporphinatoiron(II) having a couple of four amphiphilic chains on both sides of the porphyrin ring plane, 5,10,15,20-tetra(2′,6′-di(20″-hydroxy-2″,2″-dimethylicosanoyloxy)phenyl)porphinatoiron, was synthesized as a model for membrane intrinsic proteins. It was well incorporated in the liposomal bilayer and characterized. The complex with 1-dodecylimidazole embedded in phospholipid bilayer formed an oxygen adduct in water at 25 °C.
Reactivity of Diselenide Dication Salt, 1,5-Diselenoniabicyclo[3.3.0]octane Bis(hexafluorophosphate) toward Aromatics. A New Mode of Aromatic Substitution and Redox Reaction
Authors: Fujihara Hisashi , Nakamura Akiko , Akaishi Ryouichi , Furukawa Naomichi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A new diselenide dication salt, 1,5-diselenoniabicyclo[3.3.0]octane bis(hexafluorophosphate) was reacted with several aromatics to afford either the substitution or redox products. The reaction mode depends on the oxidation potential of aromatics.
New Efficient Electrochemical Allylation of Aldehydes and Ketones with a Cadmium-modified Electrode
Authors: Tokuda Masao , Uchida Mitsuru , Katoh Yoshitaka , Suginome Hiroshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Electrochemical allylation of aldehyde or ketone with allylic halides by the use of a cadmium-modified platinum anode and by alternating the cathode and anode at constant intervals gives high yields of the corresponding homoallyl alcohols.
Stability and Exchange Properties of Through-ring Cyclodextrin Complexes. Effects of Chain Length in Polymethylene Bis[1-pyridinium] as Guest Molecules
Authors: Saito Hide , Yonemura Hiroaki , Nakamura Hiroshi , Matsuo Taku 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
On the basis of 1H NMR spectra, polymethylene bis(1-pyridinium) and α-CD were concluded to afford a rotaxane-type complex. Signals due to the originally equivalent pair of protons in the polymethylene- and pyridinium groups were split into a pair of distinct signals on the complexation. Free energy of activation for the site-exchange in the complex increased with the number of methylene groups (n = 8–12) and reached an asymptotic value (ca. 72 kJ/mol).
Preparation of Protected α-Methoxyglycine and Its Incorporation into Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Kawai Masao , Neogi Partha , Khattri Parth S , Butsugan Yasuo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A protected α-methoxyglycine Cbz-DL-Gly(OMe)-OMe (1) was prepared from the N-chloro derivative of Cbz-Gly-OMe. Catalytic hydrogenolysis of 1 in the presence of a mixed anhydride prepared from a Boc-amino acid and ClCO2Bui gave a diastereomeric protected dipeptide containing the Gly(OMe) residue. The dermorphin analogs L-Tyr-D/L-Gly(OMe)-L-Phe-Gly-NH2 were synthesized.
An Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution by N-Methoxyamides via Hypervalent Iodine Intermediates
Authors: Kikugawa Yasuo , Kawase Masami 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Treatment of N-methoxyamides with hypervalent iodine compounds generates electron deficient nitrogen species which react intra- or intermolecularly with an aromatic group to give N-aryl-N-methoxyamides in good yields.
Amperometric Glucose Sensor with Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on SnO2 Electrode via a Monolayer of a Photoreactive Nitrophenylazide Derivative
Authors: Miyasaka Tsutomu , Koyama Koichi , Watanabe Tadashi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized on an SnO2 electrode via a monolayer of an amphiphilic nitrophenylazide derivative through its photochemical linking reaction. Amperometric glucose sensors with varied electrode-GOD distances were fabricated by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique to assess an efficiency factor in the electrochemical detection of the enzymatic reaction.
Formation of Organoammonium-Montmorillonites by Solid-Solid Reactions
Authors: Ogawa Makoto , Handa Tokuhiko , Kuroda Kazuyuki , Kato Chuzo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Organoammonium-montmorillonites were formed from dehydrated sodium montmorillonite and organoammonium halides by solid-solid reactions. The formation depended on the sizes and counter anions of the ammonium ions used. The behavior was different from that observed in a conventional solution method.
New Quassinoids from the Roots of Eurycoma longifolia
Authors: Morita Hiroshi , Kishi Etsuko , Takeya Koichi , Itokawa Hideji , Tanaka Osamu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A new C19-skeleton quassinoid, named longilactone and three new quassinoids, 13,21-dihydroeurycomanone, 13β,21-dihydroxyeurycomanone and 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone were isolated from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia and their structures were established by the spectral evidences.
Heteropoly Anion-Modifled Palladium Catalyst for Reductive Carbonylation of Nitrobenzene
Authors: Izumi Yusuke , Satoh Yuuichi , Urabe Kazuo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The Keggin-type heteropoly anions which contain Mo and V as addenda atoms showed a noticeable promoting effect on the catalysis of Pd in the reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene to form N-phenylcarbamate in the presence of alcohol in dimethoxyethane solvent.
One jump Weierstrass gap sequence
Authors: Beorchia V , Sacchiero G 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
It has been proved (see [S. J. Kim, On the existence of Weierstrass gap sequences on trigonal curves. J. Pure Appl. Algebra 63 (1990), 171-180. MR1043748 (91b:14036) Zbl 0712.14019] and [M. Brundu, G. Sacchiero, On the varieties parametrizing trigonal curves with assigned Weierstrass points. Comm. Algebra 26 (1998), 3291-3312. MR1641619 (99g:14040) Zbl 0937.14016]. ) that a Weierstrass point on a trigonal curve, which is not a ramification point for the morphism induced by a trigonal series, has a gap sequence GP
of the form GP
= (1,2, …, r, r + 1 + α, …, g + α) for some integers r and α satisfying

≤ r ≤ g − 1 and 1 ≤ α ≤ 2r + 1 − g. Such points will be called one jump Weierstrass points of type (r,α). It was further proved [S. J. Kim, On the existence of Weierstrass gap sequences on trigonal curves. J. Pure Appl. Algebra 63 (1990), 171-180. MR1043748 (91b:14036) Zbl 0712.14019] that any one jump numerical sequence of type (r, α), with r and α in the range above, is the Weierstrass gap sequence of a trigonal curve. Here we prove that the property of having an extremal, in some sense, one jump Weierstrass point characterizes trigonal curves. More precisely, we show that if α belongs to the range α4 < α ≤ 2r + 1 − g for a suitable α4, any curve with a Weierstrass point of type (r,α) is a triple covering of a smooth curve of genus p with

, and that there exist examples of such coverings. Therefore when 2r + 1 − g − α < 3, such a curve is indeed trigonal. As a consequence, any fourgonal curve of genus g ≥ 10 having a one jump Weierstrass point satisfies α ≤ α4 with few exceptions. Finally, we exhibit examples of fourgonal curves with a Weierstrass point of type (r, α) with

≤ r ≤
and 1 ≤ α ≤ α4.