bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indicators and Data in Spain for an Overview of Actual Energy Savings and Wider Benefits of Renovation of Buildings
Authors: Gómez-Gil Marta , Arbulu Markel , Oregi Xabat , Monzón-Chavarrías Marta , Beltrán-Velamazán Carlos , González-González Francisco J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe renovation of buildings brings about energy savings and various other benefits, encompassing not only reductions in energy consumption expenditure but also improvements in living conditions. Those ‘other benefits’ include quantifiable aspects derived from health savings, the use of materials that extend the life cycle of buildings, avoiding the consequences derived from energy poverty or improving the productivity of workers. This study aims to review the indicators proposed in the European Commission Recommendation (EU) 2019/786 and in the latest version of the ongoing revision of the Energy Performance of Building Directive, in order to propose a set of indicators and analyze their possibilities of being collected at national and regional levels, depending on the available data sources. The results show that while there are some data on benefits from renovation activity at both the national and regional levels that are partially available, a comprehensive and precise understanding of savings and benefits remains unavailable at this time. It is essential to emphasize the advantages of commencing a harmonization process for data collection across the European Union member states in this subject.
Indicators and Data in Spain Regarding Evidence-Based Estimate of Expected Energy Savings and of Reduction of Costs for Health Systems from Buildings Renovation
Authors: Gómez-Gil Marta , Etxebarria-Mallea Matxalen , Arbulu Markel , Grijalba-Aseguinolaza Olatz , Espinosa-Fernández Almudena , Monzón-Chavarrías Marta 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEurope is setting ambitious targets for decarbonization by the year 2050. These goals are essential for mitigating the impact of climate change and transitioning towards a more sustainable future. Setting realistic and binding targets is a key component of this strategy, so the evidence-based approach ensures that these goals are rooted in a solid foundation of expected energy savings. Moreover, the energy renovation of buildings entails a series of benefits that go beyond energy savings, such as improvement in people's health and, consequently, economic expenditure in health systems reduction. In this chapter, we propose indicators regarding evidence-based estimate of expected energy savings and of reduction of costs for health systems from buildings renovation. We also studied the sources of information available in Spain for the development of these indicators, at national and regional scales, and developed them when there were data for the case of the whole country and two regions, Aragon and the Basque Country. Based on our study, it can be inferred that in Spain, although the current data sources provide trustworthy information regarding expected energy savings, they fall short in providing sufficient details to set targets concerning the reduction in health costs attributed to energy efficiency measures and improved air quality. At the regional level, there is room for improvement in both aspects.
Sicht der Bürgerinnen und Bürger auf Tierwohl: Wahrnehmung, Bewertung, Vorstellung und Finanzierung einer verbesserten Nutztierhaltung
Authors: Faletar Ivica , von Meyer-Höfer Marie , Christoph-Schulz Inken 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Arbeit hatte das Ziel, die Ansichten der Öffentlichkeit zur Haltung von wichtigen Nutztierarten wie Milchkühen, Mastschweinen, Masthähnchen und Legehennen zu untersuchen. Dabei wurde sowohl die konventionelle als auch die ökologische Tierhaltung in den Blick genommen. Die Umfragen wurden in drei Wellen durchgeführt, und ein erheblicher Teil der Befragten äußerte Unzufriedenheit mit den Unterbringungsbedingungen aller Tierarten. Besonders hervorgehoben wurde die Unzufriedenheit mit der Haltung von Mastschweinen und Masthühnchen, sowohl in konventionellen als auch ökologischen Betrieben. Viele Befragte betrachten Landwirtinnen und Landwirte als Schlüsselakteure bei der Förderung des Tierschutzes und sind der Ansicht, dass sie eine zentrale Rolle bei der Verbesserung der Tierhaltungsbedingungen spielen sollten. Ein weiteres interessantes Ergebnis der Umfragen war auch, dass zwischen 62 % und 71 % der Befragten bereit wären, finanzielle Mittel aus anderen Haushaltsausgaben zur Verfügung zu stellen, um die Bedingungen in der Nutztierhaltung zu verbessern. Dies deutet auf eine gewisse Bereitschaft der Öffentlichkeit hin, in Maßnahmen zur Förderung des Tierwohls zu investieren. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit können für verschiedene Interessengruppen von Nutzen sein, einschließlich Landwirtinnen und Landwirte, die Veränderungen in der Tierhaltung umsetzen möchten. Auch Gesetzgeber könnten diese Ergebnisse als Grundlage für die Entwicklung neuer Vorschriften und Richtlinien zur Verbesserung der Tierhaltung nutzen. Insgesamt zeigt die Arbeit, dass die Meinungen der Öffentlichkeit zur Nutztierhaltung und zum Tierschutz eine wichtige Rolle bei der Gestaltung der Zukunft dieser Branche spielen können. Sie betont die Bedeutung eines umfassenden Dialogs und einer verstärkten Zusammenarbeit zwischen verschiedenen Interessengruppen, um die Tierhaltung in eine nachhaltigere und tierfreundlichere Richtung zu lenken.
Optimization of a tetrahedron compliant spherical joint via computer-aided engineering tools
Authors: Kargar Seyyed Masoud , Parmiggiani Alberto , Baggetta Mario , Ottonello Emilio , Hao Guangbo , Berselli Giovanni 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article focuses on enhancing the range of motion (ROM) of the Tetra II joint, a spherical compliant joint consisting of three internally interconnected tetrahedron-shaped elements that achieve motion through elastic deformation. Despite its excellent precision, this specific design is constrained in terms of ROM due to internal contacts among the tetrahedral elements. To overcome this limitation, this study utilizes a computer-aided engineering (CAE) framework to optimize the configuration of the Tetra II joint and enhance its ROM. The resultant optimized joint, referred to as Tetra III, is subsequently compared to Tetra II in terms of both ROM and center shift. Finite element models (FEM) are employed to validate the optimization results and examine how various tetrahedron-shaped geometries impact the joint’s performance. The newly optimized joint exhibits a significantly higher ROM compared to the previous version, while maintaining excellent precision and overall smaller dimensions. Finally, to demonstrate its manufacturability, the Tetra III joint is produced using selective laser sintering (SLS) technology, with Duraform PA serving as the construction material. The successful fabrication serves as a demonstrative example of the improved design of the Tetra III joint.
Utilizing large language models in breast cancer management: systematic review
Authors: Sorin Vera , Glicksberg Benjamin S. , Artsi Yaara , Barash Yiftach , Konen Eli , Nadkarni Girish N. , Klang Eyal 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Despite advanced technologies in breast cancer management, challenges remain in efficiently interpreting vast clinical data for patient-specific insights. We reviewed the literature on how large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT might offer solutions in this field.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE for relevant studies published before December 22, 2023. Keywords included: “large language models”, “LLM”, “GPT”, “ChatGPT”, “OpenAI”, and “breast”. The risk bias was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool.

Results
Six studies evaluating either ChatGPT-3.5 or GPT-4, met our inclusion criteria. They explored clinical notes analysis, guideline-based question-answering, and patient management recommendations. Accuracy varied between studies, ranging from 50 to 98%. Higher accuracy was seen in structured tasks like information retrieval. Half of the studies used real patient data, adding practical clinical value. Challenges included inconsistent accuracy, dependency on the way questions are posed (prompt-dependency), and in some cases, missing critical clinical information.

Conclusion
LLMs hold potential in breast cancer care, especially in textual information extraction and guideline-driven clinical question-answering. Yet, their inconsistent accuracy underscores the need for careful validation of these models, and the importance of ongoing supervision.
Bounds on Polarization Problems on Compact Sets via Mixed Integer Programming
Authors: Rolfes Jan , Schüler Robert , Zimmermann Marc Christian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Finding point configurations, that yield the maximum polarization (Chebyshev constant) is gaining interest in the field of geometric optimization. In the present article, we study the problem of unconstrained maximum polarization on compact sets. In particular, we discuss necessary conditions for local optimality, such as that a locally optimal configuration is always contained in the convex hull of the respective darkest points. Building on this, we propose two sequences of mixed-integer linear programs in order to compute lower and upper bounds on the maximal polarization, where the lower bound is constructive. Moreover, we prove the convergence of these sequences towards the maximal polarization.
MLSTL-WSN: machine learning-based intrusion detection using SMOTETomek in WSNs
Authors: Talukder Md. Alamin , Sharmin Selina , Uddin Md Ashraf , Islam Md Manowarul , Aryal Sunil 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the domain of cyber-physical systems, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a pivotal role as infrastructures, encompassing both stationary and mobile sensors. These sensors self-organize and establish multi-hop connections for communication, collectively sensing, gathering, processing, and transmitting data about their surroundings. Despite their significance, WSNs face rapid and detrimental attacks that can disrupt functionality. Existing intrusion detection methods for WSNs encounter challenges such as low detection rates, computational overhead, and false alarms. These issues stem from sensor node resource constraints, data redundancy, and high correlation within the network. To address these challenges, we propose an innovative intrusion detection approach that integrates machine learning (ML) techniques with the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique Tomek Link (SMOTE-TomekLink) algorithm. This blend synthesizes minority instances and eliminates Tomek links, resulting in a balanced dataset that significantly enhances detection accuracy in WSNs. Additionally, we incorporate feature scaling through standardization to render input features consistent and scalable, facilitating more precise training and detection. To counteract imbalanced WSN datasets, we employ the SMOTE-Tomek resampling technique, mitigating overfitting and underfitting issues. Our comprehensive evaluation, using the wireless sensor network dataset (WSN-DS) containing 374,661 records, identifies the optimal model for intrusion detection in WSNs. The standout outcome of our research is the remarkable performance of our model. In binary classification scenarios, it achieves an accuracy rate of 99.78%, and in multiclass classification scenarios, it attains an exceptional accuracy rate of 99.92%. These findings underscore the efficiency and superiority of our proposal in the context of WSN intrusion detection, showcasing its effectiveness in detecting and mitigating intrusions in WSNs.
The formation of cariogenic plaque to contemporary adhesive restorative materials: an in vitro study
Authors: Lehrkinder Anna , Rydholm Olivia , Wänström Anna , Nakamura Keisuke , Örtengren Ulf 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe research exploiting the ability of dental materials to induce or prevent secondary caries (SC) development still seems inconclusive. Controlling bacterial adhesion by releasing bacteriostatic ions and improving the surface structure has been suggested to reduce the occurrence of SC. This paper analyses the impact of five distinctively composed dental materials on cariogenic biofilm formation. Forty-five specimens of three composites (CeramX Spectra ST, Admira Fusion, Beautifil II) and two glass–ionomers (Fuji II LC, Caredyne Restore), respectively, were incubated in bacterial suspension composed of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus salivarius at pH 7.0 and 5.5. Coverslips were used as a control. Adhered bacteria were collected after 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h and analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Fluoride leakage was measured at each collection. The specimens’ surface topography was assessed using interferometry. In the present study, surface roughness seemed to have a partial role in bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, together with chemical composition of the materials tested. Despite differences in fluoride leakage, biofilm accumulation was similar across materials, but the number of adhered bacteria differed significantly. A release of other ions may also affect adhesion. These variations suggest that certain materials may be more prone to initiating secondary caries.
Detecting implicit and explicit facial emotions at different ages
Authors: Prete Giulia , Ceccato Irene , Bartolini Emanuela , Di Crosta Adolfo , La Malva Pasquale , Palumbo Rocco , Laeng Bruno , Tommasi Luca , Mammarella Nicola , Di Domenico Alberto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEmotions are processed in the brain through a cortical route, responsible for detailed-conscious recognition and mainly based on image High Spatial Frequencies (HSF), and a subcortical route, responsible for coarse-unconscious processing and based on Low SF (LSF). However, little is known about possible changes in the functioning of the two routes in ageing. In the present go/no-go online task, 112 younger adults and 111 older adults were asked to press a button when a happy or angry face appeared (go) and to inhibit responses for neutral faces (no-go). Facial stimuli were presented unfiltered (broadband image), filtered at HSF and LSF, and hybrids (LSF of an emotional expression superimposed to the HSF of the same face with a neutral expression). All stimuli were also presented rotated on the vertical axis (upside-down) to investigate the global analysis of faces in ageing. Results showed an overall better performance of younger compared to older participants for all conditions except for hybrid stimuli. The expected face-inversion effect was confirmed in both age groups. We conclude that, besides an overall worsening of the perceptual skill with ageing, no specific impairment in the functioning of both the cortical and the subcortical route emerged.
Locally protected forests: status, character and challenges a case study of Inhambane Province, southern Mozambique
Authors: Gota Pascoal , Ekblom Anneli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMozambique has undocumented forest patches that are cultural landscapes and locally protected as heritage sites. Using the case of Inhambane Province, in this paper, we present the status and purposes of forest patches protected by local communities and discuss threats working against local protection. Findings point out that these heritage forests are reservoirs for biodiversity conservation and the local system of conservation is effective, but there are challenges local custodians face to safeguard heritage forests, ranging from illegal logging, misrecognition of customary protection and lack of legislation enforcement. We argue that the existence of heritage forests requires collaboration between entities dealing with forests, heritage and conservation. We suggest strategies to increase protection in the Inhambane Province and the Mozambique context. This will support local institutions in the protection of heritage forests, as biodiversity reservoirs and in keeping heritage practices and the customary protection of heritage forests alive.
Designing and modeling an IoT-based software system for land suitability assessment use case
Authors: Mohammad El-Basioni Basma M. , Abd El-Kader Sherine M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAssessing the quality of land is a very important step that precedes the planning of land use and taking management decisions; for example, in the agricultural field, it can be used to evaluate the suitability of the land for planting crops, determine the suitable irrigation system type, or adjust the agricultural inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides according to the requirements of each zone in the land. The spatial–temporal dynamic nature of land characteristics entails also updated evaluation process and updated management plan. The present paper tries to exploit the advances in information and communication technologies to develop a conceptual design of a dynamic system that accommodates the spatial–temporal dynamics of the agricultural soil characteristics to realize a land suitability assessment (LSA) based on a factor analysis method. The proposed design combines IoT technologies, web development, database, and digital mapping and tries to consolidate the system with other functionalities useful for decision support and suitable for different cases. The paper conducted a survey and made comparisons to select the best technologies that fit the current use case implementation and presents its reproducible conceptual modeling by developing the static and dynamic views through schemas, diagrams, message sequence charts, IoT messaging topic tree, pseudocode, etc. The functionality of the design was validated with a simple implementation of the system model. To our knowledge, there is no previous significant contribution that has addressed a LSA IoT use case. The proposed design automates the LSA process for more accurate decision-making, saving cost, time, and effort consumed in repeated field trips. It is characterized by flexibility and centralization in its offered services of spatial analysis, detection, visualizations, and status monitoring. The design also allows for remote control of field machinery.
Organisational Expertise in Hollywood: How the Government, Social Movements, and Think Tanks Consult TV and Film Makers
Authors: Khitrov Arsenii 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExisting studies show that when Hollywood professionals develop and produce films and television series, they consult experts in social and political issues. These experts may be private individuals or representatives of various governmental, social movement, or research organisations. Drawing on ethnography and interviews, I focus on organisational experts and explore how they provide their expertise to Hollywood. I argue that these organisations form a peculiar social space surrounding Hollywood, which I refer to as ‘the relational space of organisational expertise provision’, which demonstrates some field effects like similar practices and habitus, but does not show overt competition. I argue that the provision of organisational expertise in Hollywood is undertaken by organisational boundary spanners who operate within this relational space through the enactment of expertise networks, the construction of connecting interfaces, and the trading of expertise as short-lived, or proxy, capital. These findings contribute to the Bourdieusian field analysis and sociology of expertise by elucidating how social spaces interact, how social agents gain power through the inter-field exchange of expertise, and what happens in the field of power.
Oral docetaxel plus encequidar – A pharmacokinetic model and evaluation against IV docetaxel
Authors: Wang David , Jackson Chris , Hung Noelyn , Hung Tak , Kwan Rudolf , Chan Wing-Kai , Qin Albert , Hughes-Medlicott Natalie J. , Glue Paul , Duffull Stephen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe development of optimized dosing regimens plays a crucial role in oncology drug development. This study focused on the population pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation of docetaxel, comparing the pharmacokinetic exposure of oral docetaxel plus encequidar (oDox + E) with the standard of care intravenous (IV) docetaxel regimen. The aim was to evaluate the feasibility of oDox + E as a potential alternative to IV docetaxel. The article demonstrates an approach which aligns with the FDA’s Project Optimus which aims to improve oncology drug development through model informed drug development (MIDD). The key question answered by this study was whether a feasible regimen of oDox + E existed. The purpose of this question was to provide an early GO / NO-GO decision point to guide drug development and improve development efficiency. Methods: A stepwise approach was employed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for total and unbound docetaxel plasma concentrations after IV docetaxel and oDox + E administration. Simulations were performed from the final model to assess the probability of target attainment (PTA) for different oDox + E dose regimens (including multiple dose regimens) in relation to IV docetaxel using AUC over effective concentration (AUCOEC) metric across a range of effective concentrations (EC). A Go / No-Go framework was defined—the first part of the framework assessed whether a feasible oDox + E regimen existed (i.e., a PTA ≥ 80%), and the second part defined the conditions to proceed with a Go decision. Results: The overall population pharmacokinetic model consisted of a 3-compartment model with linear elimination, constant bioavailability, constant binding mechanics, and a combined error model. Simulations revealed that single dose oDox + E regimens did not achieve a PTA greater than 80%. However, two- and three-dose regimens at 600 mg achieved PTAs exceeding 80% for certain EC levels. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the benefits of MIDD using oDox + E as a motivating example. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed for the total and unbound concentration in plasma of docetaxel after administration of IV docetaxel and oDox + E. The model was used to simulate oDox + E dose regimens which were compared to the current standard of care IV docetaxel regimen. A GO / NO-GO framework was applied to determine whether oDox + E should progress to the next phase of drug development and whether any conditions should apply. A two or three-dose regimen of oDox + E at 600 mg was able to achieve non-inferior pharmacokinetic exposure to current standard of care IV docetaxel in simulations. A Conditional GO decision was made based on this result and further quantification of the “effective concentration” would improve the ability to optimise the dose regimen.
Experimental validation for the combination of funnel control with a feedforward control strategy
Authors: Drücker Svenja , Lanza Lukas , Berger Thomas , Reis Timo , Seifried Robert 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Current engineering design trends, such as lightweight machines and human–machine interaction, often lead to underactuated systems. Output trajectory tracking of such systems is a challenging control problem. Here, we use a two-design-degree of freedom control approach by combining funnel feedback control with feedforward control based on servo-constraints. We present experimental results to verify the approach and demonstrate that the addition of a feedforward controller mitigates drawbacks of the funnel controller. We also present new experimental results for the real-time implementation of a feedforward controller based on servo-constraints on a minimum phase system.