bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recuperated gas turbine aeroengines. Part III: engine concepts for reduced emissions, lower fuel consumption, and noise abatement
Authors: McDonald Colin F. , Massardo Aristide F. , Rodgers Colin , Stone Aubrey 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis paper seeks to evaluate the potential of heat exchanged aeroengines for future Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), helicopter, and aircraft propulsion, with emphasis placed on reduced emissions, lower fuel burn, and less noise.Design/methodology/approachAeroengine performance analyses were carried out covering a wide range of parameters for more complex thermodynamic cycles. This led to the identification of major component features and the establishing of preconceptual aeroengine layout concepts for various types of recuperated and ICR variants.FindingsNovel aeroengine architectures were identified for heat exchanged turboshaft, turboprop, and turbofan variants covering a wide range of applications. While conceptual in nature, the results of the analyses and design studies generally concluded that heat exchanged engines represent a viable solution to meet demanding defence and commercial aeropropulsion needs in the 2015‐2020 timeframe, but they would require extensive development.Research limitations/implicationsAs highlighted in Parts I and II, early development work was focused on the use of recuperation, but this is only practical with compressor pressure ratios up to about 10. For today's aeroengines with pressure ratios up to about 50, improvement in SFC can only be realised by incorporating intercooling and recuperation. The new aeroengine concepts presented are clearly in an embryonic stage, but these should enable gas turbine and heat exchanger specialists to advance the technology by conducting more in‐depth analytical and design studies to establish higher efficiency and “greener” gas turbine aviation propulsion systems.Originality/valueIt is recognised that meeting future environmental and economic requirements will have a profound effect on aeroengine design and operation, and near‐term efforts will be focused on improving conventional simple‐cycle engines. This paper has addressed the longer‐term potential of heat exchanged aeroengines and has discussed novel design concepts. A deployment strategy, aimed at gaining confidence with emphasis placed on assuring engine reliability, has been suggested, with the initial development and flight worthiness test of a small recuperated turboprop engine for UAVs, followed by a larger recuperated turboshaft engine for a military helicopter, and then advancement to a larger and far more complex ICR turbofan engine.
AB levitator and electricity storage
Authors: Bolonkin Alexander 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to suggest a new revolutionary method and installation for flight on Earth and into outer space.Design/methodology/approachMethods of electromagnetic physics are used for research and the theory of levitation vehicles is developed and its possibilities researched.FindingsIt was found that levitation devices and electricity storage make a jump in aviation, space, storage and transfer energy and many branches of industry.Practical implicationsMany projects were calculated using different versions of the offered AB engine: a small device for levitation‐flight of a human (including flight from Earth to outer space), fly VTOL car (track), big VTOL aircraft, suspended low‐altitude stationary satellite, powerful Space Shuttle‐like booster for travel to the Moon and Mars without spending energy (spent energy is replenished in braking when the ship returns from another planet to its point of origin), using AB‐devices in military, in sea‐going ships (submarines), in energy industry (for example, as small storage of electric energy) and so on. The vehicles equipped with AB propulsion can take flight for days and cover distances of 10,000s of kilometers at hypersonic or extra‐atmosphere space speeds.Originality/valueThe paper promises a new revolutionary method of flight on Earth and into outer space.
Development of a smart wing
Authors: Hutapea Parsaoran , Kim Jinho , Guion Andrew , Hanna Charlie , Heulitt Noah 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to develop an actuation system utilizing smart materials such as shape memory alloys (SMA) to control the position of an aircraft's flaps.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed smart wing consisted of SMA springs that were fixed at one end to the wing box toward the leading edge of the airfoil. The other end of each spring was attached tangentially to a rotating cylinder fixed to the flap. The springs were arranged in an upper and a lower layer to cause rotation of the flap in both the upward and downward directions. The spring actuators were controlled by the introduction of heat resulting from the applied current. A prototype of the smart wing was developed and tested to demonstrate the design concept.FindingsA prototype of a smart actuation system for controlling the flaps of an aircraft was successfully developed. Through the experimental and theoretical analyses conducted, the design was validated and showed strong potential for future application.Practical implicationsThe proposed concept can be applied to other aircraft systems such as ailerons, slats, rudders and elevators.Originality/valueThe prototype of a smart wing is unique. It utilizes smart materials for aircraft flap actuation. The concept can be applied on ailerons, slats, rudders and elevators.
The properties of ZnFe2O4 as an anticorrosion pigment dependent upon the structure of initial Fe2O3
Authors: Kalendová A. , Veselý D. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to synthesize anticorrosion pigments ZnFe2O4 from diverse raw materials of various shapes and size of primary particles.Design/methodology/approachAnticorrosion pigments were synthesized through a high‐temperature process during a solid phase. Zinc ferrites were prepared from hematite (α‐Fe2O3), goethite (α‐FeO.OH), magnetite (Fe3O4), and specularite (Fe2O3) entering into reaction with zinc oxide at temperatures ranging from 600 up to 1,100°C. The nature of the initial raw material, primarily the shape of its particles, affects the shape of the particles of the synthesized zinc ferrite. The formulated zinc ferrites had a rod‐shape, lamellar, and/or isometric shape. The shape of the particles of synthesized zinc ferrites was studied with regard to its effects on the mechanical and corrosion resistance of organic coatings. The obtained pigments were characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The synthesized anticorrosion pigments were used to prepare epoxy coatings and water‐borne styrene‐acrylate coatings that were subjected to post‐application tests for physical‐mechanical properties and anticorrosion properties.FindingsThe shape of the particles was identified in the synthesized pigments. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed the degree of precipitation and lattice parameters. All of the synthesized pigments had good anticorrosion efficiency in an epoxy and in styrene‐acrylate coatings. Compared with a commercially used anticorrosion pigment, their protective power in coatings was demonstrably stronger.Practical implicationsThe synthesized pigments can be used conveniently in coatings protecting metal bases against corrosion.Originality/valueThe synthesis of zinc ferrites with different particle shapes for applications in anticorrosion coatings provides a new way of protecting metals against corrosion. Of benefit is the fact that the synthesized pigments do not contain any environmentally harmful substances.
An explanation of the “grey system” analysis methodology for the evaluation of inert anode materials
Authors: Yuchun Li , Hanwei He , Tao Zhou , Fang Zhang , Hongmei Wang , Liubin Song 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider the use and application of the “grey system” modelling methodology for the prediction and characterisation of inert anodes used in the aluminium electrolysis industry.Design/methodology/approachCermet was very interesting potential material for developing inert anodes, which was composed of ceramic phase (NiFe2O4) and metal/alloy phase (nickel‐iron‐copper).FindingsDifferential thermal analysis showed that newly fabricated cermet had good performance. The calcination temperature was very important for evaluating material properties, so was obtained in order to build the forecast grey model.Originality/valueThrough calculation the GM(1,1) model was proved to be accurate in predicting technical parameters, and able to pinpoint precisely the properties of cermet materials.
Quantitative relationships between the structure of some thiol compounds and their inhibition efficiencies
Authors: Yurt A. , Mihrican Y. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the inhibition effect of 2‐aminoethane thiol hydrochloride, 2‐cystamine dihydrochloride, 2,3‐dimercapto‐1‐propanol, 1,2‐ethanedithiol, and the synergistic effect of these compounds with halide ions (Cl−, Br−, I−) and with some metal cations (Co2 + , Ni2 + , Cu2 + , Zn2 + ).Design/methodology/approachThe inhibiting effect of the studied thiols on the corrosion of carbon steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution were investigated using potentiodynamic polarisation, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear polarisation methods.FindingsThe inhibition action of thiols depends mainly on the type of the heteroatom present in the inhibitor molecule. The increase in inhibition efficiencies with increase in inhibitor concentration revealed that the studied compounds were adsorbed onto steel surfaces and the adsorption mechanism obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Polarisation curves indicated that thiols containing both N and S atoms in their structure behaved as mixed type inhibitors, while thiols containing only an S atom in their structure acted essentially as anodic inhibitors. The increase in the inhibition efficiencies of thiols with the addition of halide ions indicates that halides play important role in the adsorption process. The synergistic effect of the studied metal cations could be explained by the adsorption of complex ions formed from thiol molecules and metal cations.Originality/valueThis paper provides useful information about the relationship between inhibition efficiencies and the structures of thiols and clarifies the mechanism of the synergistic effects of some halides and some metal cations.
An investigation of the effects of inorganic inhibitors on the corrosion rate of aluminum alloy using electrochemical noise measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Ghassem Mahjani Mohammad , Sabzali Mohammad , Jafarian Majid , Neshati Jaber 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of inorganic inhibitors on the corrosion rate of aluminum alloy using the electrochemical noise (EN) analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques.Design/methodology/approachEN and EIS measurements were employed to study the corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy in Na2SO4(0.50 M)/NaCl(0.20 M) solution in presence of inorganic inhibitors. The time‐series noise patterns were transformed into the frequency domain using fast Fourier transformation, and then their power spectrum densities (PSDs) at specified frequencies were determined and compared with the EIS and polarization results.FindingsThe EN, EIS and polarization results were in agreement. The inhibitive effect of the anions decreased in the order: CrO42−>Cr2O72−>NO3−>WO42−>MoO42−>NO2−. The results showed that the slope of PSD of the current (i.e. the “roll off”) was less where inhibition efficiency was greater. The spectral noise impedance and the modulus of the impedance recorded using impedance spectroscopy showed good agreement.Originality/valueThis paper provides useful information relative to corrosion inhibition efficiency of the sodium and potassium salts using EN analysis technique.
Inhibition of carbon steel corrosion by 4‐vinylbenzyl triphenyl phosphonium chloride in HCl solution
Authors: Nahlé Ayssar , Abu‐Abdoun Ideisan , Abdel‐Rahman Ibrahim 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study electrochemically and by weight loss experiments the effect of 4‐vinylbenzyl triphenyl phosphonium chloride on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution, which will serve researchers in the field of corrosion.Design/methodology/approachElectrochemical and weight loss measurements were carried out on carbon steel specimens in 1.0 M HCl and in 1.0 M HCl containing various concentrations (1.0 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−4 M) of the laboratory synthesized 4‐vinylbenzyl triphenyl phosphonium chloride at temperatures ranging from 303 to 343 K.Findings4‐vinylbenzyl triphenyl phosphonium chloride was found to be a highly efficient inhibitor for carbon steel in 1.0 M HCl solution, reaching about 99 per cent at the concentration of 1 × 10−4 M at room temperature and about 96 per cent at 303 K, a concentration and temperature considered to be very moderate. The percentage of inhibition in the presence of this inhibitor was decreased with temperature which indicates that physical adsorption was the predominant inhibition mechanism because the quantity of adsorbed inhibitor decreases with increasing temperature.Practical implicationsThis inhibitor could have application in industries, where hydrochloric acid solutions at elevated temperatures are used to remove scale and salts from steel surfaces, such as acid cleaning of tankage and pipeline, and may render dismantling unnecessary.Originality/valueThis paper is intended to be added to the family of phosphonium salt corrosion inhibitors which are highly efficient and can be employed in the area of corrosion prevention and control.
Marketing of halal meat in the United Kingdom
Authors: Ahmed Allam 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore a number of marketing issues, such as consumer buyer behaviour and distribution channels, in relation to buying halal meat (HM) from local shops versus supermarkets in the UK.Design/methodology/approachA consumer survey (300 participants) and observation of three local halal shops and a Morrisons supermarket were successfully undertaken in London, Brighton and Edinburgh.FindingsThe majority of UK Muslims do not trust big supermarkets when buying HM. They will only trust a Muslim selling halal products in their local shops. Most respondents did not know that supermarkets in their local area sold HM.Research limitations/implicationsIn order to increase the sales of HM ranges, supermarkets need to improve their marketing efforts, for example by advertising in Islamic newspapers, mosques and other relevant sources. Supermarkets need to stock other complementary halal products to get a mass response from this market segment, as well as enhancing/improving their services, for example, there should be sales people who are able to advise customers on particular halal products.Originality/valueThe study reveals that the majority of UK Muslims are at odds with most UK shoppers and increasingly prefer to shop at small shops, rather than big supermarkets. The paper helps to emphasise the major issues that frame the current state of marketing HM in the UK; contributes to a better understanding of such an important customer sector; and raises the necessary commitment to restructuring HM business activities in the UK and Europe.
Future chocolate market growth in four EU countries
Authors: Monotti Chiara 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to gain better insights into the conventional and organic/fair trade (O and/or FT) future chocolate market in four EU countries: Italy, the UK, France and Germany.Design/methodology/approachDelphi method was used to investigate several characteristics, actors and marketing mix components which will drive the conventional and organic/fair trade chocolate market in the future by presenting two rounds of questionnaires to experts of the chocolate market.FindingsThe findings identify the most influential actors, product attributes, promotion and distribution channels and characteristics of the chocolate market in both sectors. They reveal that they will have more of a positive effect on the O and/or FT sector than on the conventional one, since the first will grow faster than the second.Research limitations/implicationsDespite low expert participation, participants belong to some of the most important companies/organisations in the sector in terms of market share.Practical implicationsThe paper has important implications for stakeholders in the cocoa‐chocolate chain in terms of developing their business strategies in the future; they will need to concentrate upon consumer preferences and marketing mix elements which will have more appeal.Originality/valueThe value of the paper lies in joining together opinions of experts coming from different chain levels (industry, research and consultancy) in an attempt to forecast the chocolate market characteristics and the consumer behaviour of the future.
Performance evaluation in a matrix organization: a case study (Part One)
Authors: Appelbaum Steven H. , Nadeau David , Cyr Michael 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine and ultimately suggest the most effective method with which to evaluate employees operating within a matrix organization. The paper aims to demonstrate the tools, corporate participation and acceptance levels required in order to ensure employee and manager “buy in” and implementation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper consists of a comprehensive review of literature demonstrating functional areas within matrix organization as well as employee evaluation methods within various organizations. It is presented in three sections, defining a matrix organization, demonstrating effective evaluation methods and strategies, and finally showing how the two should work together. Critical incidents are interspersed throughout the article in order to demonstrate how the research compares to the methods employed by a leading aviation engineering firm.FindingsIneffective evaluation methods within matrix organizations can lead to lower employee morale as well as an ambiguous understanding of employee roles within such an organization. Employee and management buy in and support of an evaluation system and its goals are crucial to the success of the program. The multi‐rater system appeared to be most effective.Practical implicationsSeveral tools exist to help employers effectively evaluate their employees in a constructive and effective manner. Among them are clear job description and corporate structure, followed by a review of performance by both functional and project managers. Additionally, peer evaluations can prove to be constructive and contribute positively to the development of the employee. This paper can be a practical aid for managers in matrix organization that need to successfully and constructively evaluate employees, but are having difficulty doing so in an effective method..Originality/valueGiven the limited research with respect to evaluations within a matrix structure, this paper demonstrates an understanding of a subject that has not been adequately explored. The paper demonstrated in “real time” the critical synthesis for PA and the matrix organization – an absence noted in the literature.
The re‐branding of management development as leadership development – and its dangers
Authors: Rees W. David , Porter Christine 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the re‐branding of much management education and development under the heading of leadership and to identify the dangers this may bring particularly if it results in key management skills being neglected.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use their extensive background in management education and development in the UK and abroad to consider the implications of the increasing emphasis on leadership as opposed to management education and development. Recent trends are identified as is both the distinction between and overlap between the terms leadership and management. Relevant literature is examined and the potential dangers of the re‐branding process identifiedFindingsIncreasing use is being made of the term leadership. Whilst there is considerable overlap between the concepts of leadership and management, the market appeal to providers and users of qualification and short course programmes implies that leadership is a higher level of organisational activity than management. This may be an unrealistic view of organisational activity and ignores the concept of strategic management. However, it may create a market pressure for people to aspire to be leaders rather than managers. Four specific potential dangers are identified. These are the lack of emphasis on the need to match people to situations, a failure to distinguish between process and task leadership, the general lack of obvious pathways for people to become leaders rather than managers and neglect of the development of critical managerial skills. Whilst much useful work may take place under the title leadership there is also the overall danger that some of the activity is superficial and even counter‐productive.Originality/valueThe paper is a timely and necessary counter‐balance to the bandwagon effect of the use of the term “leadership” in the generic area of management education and development. It encourages readers to examine carefully what is covered under leadership activities and the extent to which these meet real as opposed to status needs.
Business ethics – Part One: Does it matter?
Authors: Holme Charles 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview for senior managers of the strategic importance of ethical values in organisations working in the profit‐making and not‐for‐profit sectors.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines the principles involved and contrasts them with examples of unethical behaviour in the news at present. The paper presents the practical application of ethical business values through case studies from different organisations where ethical values are part of a positive strategy to achieve competitive advantage. There is an analysis of the case against and for ethical values, a discussion of how business ethics can be part of an organisation's strategy, the evidence that non‐executive directors and others may find of ethical behaviour in business decisions, a discussion of ethics in an international context and a short checklist of questions to provide readers with a guide to the “ethical health” of the organisation.FindingsThe arguments in favour of defining ethical values within business are persuasive.Practical implicationsThere are examples from experience together with clear guidance about how to manage ethical values in business. Readers could start with the ethical health checklist of questions, decide how their ethical values statement, if any, compares with the examples in the papers, conduct an audit of an existing ethical strategy to identify if their values statement is being translated into behaviours throughout the organization, and test the impact of the ethical values strategy on the competitive position of the business.Originality/valueThe paper is educational and therefore provides value to senior managers and directors in a concise but comprehensive overview of the topic that is of current concern in the business world. It points to practical actions they can take in this respect. It could be a thought starter to managers discussing the topic at an away day for example, or for strategic leaders to discuss how to use ethical values to develop a competitive position.