bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the Faroe Bank Channel Overflow Hydraulically Controlled?
Authors: Girton James B. , Pratt Lawrence J. , Sutherland David A. , Price James F. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
The overflow of dense water from the Nordic Seas through the Faroe Bank Channel (FBC) has attributes suggesting hydraulic control—primarily an asymmetry across the sill reminiscent of flow over a dam. However, this aspect has never been confirmed by any quantitative measure, nor is the position of the control section known. This paper presents a comparison of several different techniques for assessing the hydraulic criticality of oceanic overflows applied to data from a set of velocity and hydrographic sections across the FBC. These include 1) the cross-stream variation in the local Froude number, including a modified form that accounts for stratification and vertical shear, 2) rotating hydraulic solutions using a constant potential vorticity layer in a channel of parabolic cross section, and 3) direct computation of shallow water wave speeds from the observed overflow structure. Though differences exist, the three methods give similar answers, suggesting that the FBC is indeed controlled, with a critical section located 20–90 km downstream of the sill crest. Evidence of an upstream control with respect to a potential vorticity wave is also presented. The implications of these results for hydraulic predictions of overflow transport and variability are discussed.
An Operational Triple-PRT Doppler Scheme for the French Radar Network
Authors: Tabary P. , Guibert F. , Perier L. , Parent-du-Chatelet J. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
This paper presents the design and the test of an operational (staggered) triple-PRT (pulse repetition time) scheme that was implemented in July 2004 on the French operational C-band Trappes radar. The three interleaved pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs: PRF1, PRF2, and PRF3) that are used have the particularity to be very low and very close to each other (379, 325, and 303 Hz). The associated individual Nyquist velocities, VN1, VN2, and VN3, range between 4 and 5 m s−1 and the corresponding unambiguous distances are between 495 and 395 km. The ratios VN2/VN1 and VN3/VN1 are, respectively, equal to 6/7 and 4/5. The resulting extended Nyquist velocity is equal to 60 m s−1.
One month of data (August 2004) representing more than 10 000 plan position indicators (PPIs) of clear-air, convective, and stratiform rain has been analyzed and histograms of errors have been computed. All histograms are symmetrical and show a well-defined peak centered on zero. The error distributions of the dual-PRT (V12, V13, and V23) and triple-PRT (V123) velocities present secondary peaks that correspond to dealiasing failures. Overall, the dealiasing success rate for V123 is beyond 92%.
A simulation “à la Zrnić” of I and Q time series is then used to reproduce the observed error histograms and exhaustively compare dual versus triple PRT for various extended Nyquist velocities. This last step shows that (i) for the same Nyquist velocity, triple PRT systematically overperforms the dual PRT in terms of the dealiasing success rate and (ii) among the couples that yield a Nyquist velocity equal to 60 m s−1, the (4/5; 6/7) couple that is in place on Trappes is optimal.
Collection of Water Samples from an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle for Tracer Analysis
Authors: Dodd Paul A. , Price Martin R. , Heywood Karen J. , Pebody Miles 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
A compact water sampler rated to full ocean depth has been deployed from an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to enable oceanographic tracer measurements. Techniques developed to allow the instrument to collect up to 49 samples of sufficient purity for tracer measurement without the need for extensive flushing have increased its sampling frequency, allowing a 200-mL seawater sample to be collected in 10 min. This is achieved by flushing the instrument and sample containers before deployment with a fluid of known properties that can be detected after recovery using salinity analysis. A deployment in which water samples were collected for oxygen isotope ratio analysis is presented as an example. Factors limiting the reliability of the instrument when deployed from an AUV are identified and procedures are developed to address critical problems.
Dual-Polarization Spectral Analysis for Retrieval of Effective Raindrop Shapes
Authors: Moisseev D. N. , Chandrasekar V. , Unal C. M. H. , Russchenberg H. W. J. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Dual-polarization radar observations of precipitation depend on size–shape relations of raindrops. There are several studies presented in literature dedicated to the investigation of this relation. In this work a new approach of investigating raindrop size–shape relation on short time and spatial scales from radar observations is presented. The presented method is based on the use of dual-polarization Doppler power spectral analysis. By measuring complete Doppler spectra at a sufficiently high elevation angle at two polarization settings, namely, horizontal and vertical, it is possible to retrieve drop size distribution (DSD) parameters, ambient air velocity, spectral broadening, and the slope of the assumed linear dependence of raindrop size–shape relation.
This paper is mainly focused on the development of the retrieval algorithm and analysis of its performance. As a part of the proposed method an efficient algorithm for DSD parameter retrieval was developed. It is shown that the DSD parameter retrieval method, which usually requires the solution of five-parameter nonlinear optimization problems, can be simplified to a three-parameter nonlinear least squares problem.
Furthermore, the performance of the proposed retrieval technique is illustrated on the dual-polarization measurements collected by the S-band Transportable Atmospheric Radar (TARA) at Cabauw, Netherlands, and by the Colorado State University–University of Chicago–Illinois State Water Survey (CSU–CHILL) radar from Greeley, Colorado.
Parameterization of Submesoscale Eddy-Rich Flows Using a Stochastic Velocity Model
Authors: Çağlar Mine , Özgökmen Tamay M. , Piterbarg Leonid I. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
In light of the recent high-resolution radar data of surface velocity, which have revealed submesoscale eddies between the Florida Current and the coast, an objective method of detecting eddies and estimating their parameters such as center coordinates, size, and intensity is suggested. The obtained statistics are used to parametrically represent the birth–death process of eddies filling up the observation area via a model stochastic velocity field known as Çinlar flow. It appears that the suggested approach leads to a reasonable parameterization of this process for potential future use in OGCMs or coastal models.
Qualitative analysis of the impact of a lymphatic filariasis elimination programme using mass drug administration on Misima Island, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Wynd Shona , Carron Jaime , Selve Billy , Leggat Peter A , Melrose Wayne , Durrheim David N 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Background
Papua New Guinea is the only endemic country in the Western Pacific Region that has not yet introduced a countrywide programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. However, on Misima Island in Milne Bay Province, government and private sectors have collaborated to implement a pilot elimination programme. Although interim evaluation indicated that the programme has been parasitologically successful, an appreciation that sustainable health gains depend on understanding and accommodating local beliefs prompted this qualitative study.

Methods
We investigated Misima community members knowledge and attitudes about lymphatic filariasis and the elimination programme. A combination of focus groups and key informant interviews were used to explore participants perceptions of health; knowledge of the aetiology and symptoms of filariasis, elephantiasis and hydrocele; attitudes towards the disease and mass drug distribution; and the social structure and decision-making protocols within the villages.

Results
Focus group discussions proved inferior to key informant interviews for gathering rich data. Study participants did not consider lymphatic filariasis ("pom") a major health problem but were generally positive about mass drug administration campaigns. A variety of conditions were frequently and incorrectly attributed to filariasis. Participants expressed the belief that individuals infected with filariasis always had visible manifestations of disease.
A common misconception was that taking drugs during campaigns provided long-term immunity against disease. The role of mosquito vectors in transmission was not generally appreciated and certain clinical presentations, particularly hydrocele, were associated with supernatural forces. Multiple adverse events were associated with mass drug administration campaigns and most study participants mentioned community members who did not participate in campaigns.

Conclusion
Important issues requiring educational intervention and elimination activity modification in the Misima region were identified during this study. Research outcomes should assist Papua New Guinea in developing and implementing a national elimination strategy and inform discussions regarding the appropriateness of current elimination strategies.
Can illness perceptions and coping predict psychological distress amongst allergy sufferers?
Authors: Knibb R. C. , Horton S. L. 
Published: January 2007

Objective. The aim of the present study was to measure the extent to which illness perceptions and coping strategies are associated with the levels of psychological distress amongst allergy sufferers.Design and method. One hundred and fifty‐six allergy sufferers (all members of Allergy U.K.) completed a postal survey consisting of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ‐R) and the COPE. Psychological distress was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐28) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).Results. Multiple regression analyses indicated that illness perceptions explained between 6 and 26% of variance on measures of psychological distress; coping strategies explained between 12 and 25%. A strong illness identity and emotional representations of the allergy were associated with higher levels of psychological distress; as were less adaptive coping strategies such as focusing on and venting of emotions. Strong personal control beliefs were associated with the lower levels of distress, as were adaptive coping strategies such as positive reinterpretation and growth. Coping partially mediated the link between the illness perceptions and the outcome; however, illness identity, emotional representations and personal control retained an independent significant association with psychological distress.Conclusion. The findings support a role for illness perceptions and coping in explaining levels of psychological distress amongst allergy sufferers. This has implications for targeted health interventions aimed at reducing the strength of illness identity and emotional representations and increasing a sense of control and the use of more adaptive coping strategies.
Heart Failure: Improving the Continuum of Care
Authors: Kay Dana , Blue Andrienne , Pye Patricia , Lacy Adria , Gray Catherine , Moore Stephen 
Published: January 2007

In the United States (US), heart failure (HF) is the leading medical condition resulting in hospital admission. Despite advances in treatment, the number of HF deaths has continued to increase. At Carolinas Medical Center (CMC), more than 950 annual HF admissions provided an opportunity to examine morbidity, mortality, and readmission rates. Within the facility there exist two HF disease management programs treating more than 1,500 patients annually. Through a systematic approach to identify the root causes of morbid and less severe complications, the facility addressed process improvement steps to positively impact HF treatment. Included in these strategies was a link to the outpatient continuum of care created for the HF patient.An examination of the HF program revealed the care to be fragmented, both organizationally and physically. A majority of readmissions could be prevented through closer patient follow-up and more aggressive therapy. Intensive education for staff about the disease management process, medication interventions, smoking cessation, and nutrition counseling was lacking. An interdisciplinary committee, with strong administrative support, was established to evaluate the current program and recommend changes. Delivery of patient care was changed to an integrated care management system model identifying the root causes of the most prevalent operational and clinical deficits. Process improvement steps were immediately implemented. The 30-day readmission rate (all causes) decreased from 18% to 6.1%, the readmission rate for HF decreased from 7.3% to 1.7%, mortality declined by 25%, and morbid complications decreased by 35%. Evaluation of processes and clinical outcomes are ongoing in order to develop strategies for even greater improvement within the HF program.
Density and morphologic features of primary epidermal laminae in the feet of three-year-old racing Quarter Horses
Authors: Lancaster Lisa S. , Bowker Robert M. , Mauer Whitney A. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Objective—To quantify the density of primary epidermal laminae (PELs) around the solar circumference and evaluate the relationship between regional PEL density and hoof capsule morphology in horses.
Sample Population—Forefeet from nine 3-year-old Quarter Horse cadavers.
Procedures—Data pertaining to gross features of hoof morphology and PEL variables, including number, density, and distribution patterns around the perimeter of the hoof wall and number of bar PELs, were collected. Tissues of the laminar junction were examined histologically.
Results—No significant differences were found between left and right forefeet with respect to gross hoof morphologic measurements. Mean ± SD number of PELs, including those at the bars of the hoof, was 551 ± 30. Primary epidermal laminar density in the toe was significantly higher, compared with that in the quarter and heel regions, and was higher on the lateral aspect of the foot, compared with the medial aspect. Feet were significantly wider on the lateral aspect of the foot, compared with the medial aspect, as measured across the widest point of the solar surface. Histologic examination revealed atypical laminar morphology at the toe.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Variations were detected in PEL density and morphology around the solar circumference of hooves from 3-year-old racing Quarter Horses. A better understanding of relationships between laminar density, laminar morphology, and gross morphology of the hoof capsule in different populations of horses may aid practitioners in diagnosis and treatment of disease involving the hoof wall in horses.
Quantitative genetics of secondary hip joint osteoarthritis in a Labrador Retriever–Greyhound pedigree
Authors: Hays Laurel , Zhang Zhiwu , Mateescu Raluca G. , Lust George , Burton-Wurster Nancy I. , Todhunter Rory J. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the quantitative inheritance of secondary hip joint osteoarthritis in a canine pedigree.
Animals—137 Labrador Retrievers, Greyhounds, and mixed-breed dogs.
Procedures—Necropsy scores ranging from 0 to 4 were obtained for each hip joint. Seven unaffected Greyhounds with normal hip joint conformation were also used for genetic modeling, but were not euthanized. Sixty-six male and 71 female dogs were allocated to 2 groups (≤ 12 months of age and > 12 months of age). Statistical models were developed to establish the inheritance pattern of hip joint osteoarthritis that developed secondary to hip dysplasia.
Results—62 dogs had evidence of osteoarthritis in a hip joint, and 75 had no evidence of osteoarthritis. After sex was adjusted for, the necropsy score was found to be inherited additively but without dominance. Each Labrador Retriever allele increased the necropsy score by 0.7 to 0.9 points, compared with the Greyhound allele, and male sex increased the necropsy score 0.74 over female sex. Approximately 10% of the variation in necropsy score was attributable to the litter of puppies' origin.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Because secondary hip joint osteoarthritis is inherited additively, selection pressure could be applied to reduce its incidence. Similar statistical models can be used in linkage and association mapping to detect the genes in the underlying quantitative trait loci that contribute to hip joint osteoarthritis.
Systematic review of comparative studies examining alternatives to the harmful use of animals in biomedical education
Authors: Patronek Gary J. , Rauch Annette 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Objective—To systematically review the published literature for controlled studies comparing learning outcomes of traditional methods that require the terminal use of animals (eg, dissection, live-animal surgery, and live-animal laboratory demonstrations) with outcomes obtained with alternative teaching methods.
Design—Systematic review.
Study Population—Controlled studies published between 1996 and 2004.
Procedures—PubMed was searched with the following keywords, used alone and in combination: educational alternatives, nonlethal teaching methods, veterinary alternatives, medical education, and nonterminal animal use. Cited references of retrieved reports were reviewed to identify additional reports. Reports were selected for review only if a comparison group was included.
Results—17 studies that were randomized controlled trials or nonrandomized trials that included a comparison group were identified. Five involved veterinary students, 3 involved medical students, 6 involved university undergraduate students, and 3 involved high school biology students. Sample size ranged from 14 to 283 students. Eleven studies appeared to be randomized, parallel-group trials, 4 involved comparative groups to which participants were not randomly assigned or for which the randomization process was not clear, 1 was a 2-period crossover study, and 1 involved a retrospective review of grades. In all 17 studies reviewed, results associated with the alternative method of instruction were not significantly different from or superior to results associated with the conventional method.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although the number of controlled studies identified was small, the results seem to support more widespread adoption of alternative teaching methods in biomedical education.
Epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine, bupivacaine and fentanyl, or bupivacaine and sufentanil during intravenous administration of propofol for ovariohysterectomy in dogs
Authors: Almeida Tatiana F. , Fantoni Denise T. , Mastrocinque Sandra , Tatarunas Angelica C. , Imagawa Viviane H. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Objective—To compare cardiovascular and systemic effects and analgesia during the postoperative period of epidural anesthesia performed with bupivacaine alone or with fentanyl or sufentanil in bitches maintained at a light plane of anesthesia with continuous infusion of propofol.
Study Design—Prospective randomized masked clinical trial.
Animals—30 female dogs of various breeds.
Procedures—Dogs were allocated into 3 groups of 10 each. One group received fentanyl (2 μg/kg [0.91 μg/lb]) and bupivacaine (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb]), 1 group received sufentanil (1 μg/kg) and bupivacaine (1 mg/kg), and 1 group received bupivacaine (1 mg/kg). All dogs received acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb]) and continuous infusion of propofol for sedation. The agents were administered into the lumbosacral space and diluted in saline (0.9% NaCl) solution to a total volume of 0.36 mL/kg (0.164 mL/lb). Cardiac and respiratory rates, arterial blood pressures, pH, and blood gases were evaluated. Analgesia, sedation level, serum cortisol concentrations, and plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured regularly for 6 hours.
Results—No important changes in cardiovascular, respiratory, or sedation variables were observed. Degree of analgesia in the postoperative period was higher in the sufentanil group, although use of fentanyl and bupivacaine also resulted in a sufficient level of analgesia.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of the 3 anesthetic techniques permitted ovariohysterectomy with sufficient analgesia and acceptable neuroendocrine modulation of pain with minimal adverse effects.
Response of feral cats to vaccination at the time of neutering
Authors: Fischer Sarah M. , Quest Cassie M. , Dubovi Edward J. , Davis Rolan D. , Tucker Sylvia J. , Friary John A. , Crawford P. Cynda , Ricke Teri A. , Levy Julie K. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether administration of inactivated virus or modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines to feral cats at the time of neutering induces protective serum antiviral antibody titers.
Design—Prospective study.
Animals—61 feral cats included in a trap-neuter-return program in Florida.
Procedures—Each cat received vaccines against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline herpes virus (FHV), feline calicivirus (FCV), FeLV, and rabies virus (RV). Immediately on completion of surgery, vaccines that contained inactivated RV and FeLV antigens and either MLV or inactivated FPV, FHV, and FCV antigens were administered. Titers of antiviral antibodies (except those against FeLV) were assessed in serum samples obtained immediately prior to surgery and approximately 10 weeks later.
Results—Prior to vaccination, some of the cats had protective serum antibody titers against FPV (33%), FHV (21%), FCV (64%), and RV (3%). Following vaccination, the overall proportion of cats with protective serum antiviral antibody titers increased (FPV [90%], FHV [56%], FCV [93%], and RV [98%]). With the exception of the FHV vaccine, there were no differences in the proportions of cats protected with inactivated virus versus MLV vaccines.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that exposure to FPV, FHV, and FCV is common among feral cats and that a high proportion of cats are susceptible to RV infection. Feral cats appeared to have an excellent immune response following vaccination at the time of neutering. Incorporation of vaccination into trap-neuter-return programs is likely to protect the health of individual cats and possibly reduce the disease burden in the community.