bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaerobic performance when rehydrating with water or commercially available sports drinks during prolonged exercise in the heat
Authors: Coso Juan Del , Estevez Emma , Baquero Raúl Antonio , Mora-Rodriguez Ricardo 
Published: April 2008

The effects that rehydrating drinks ingested during exercise may have on anaerobic exercise performance are unclear. This study aimed to determine which of four commercial rehydrating drinks better maintains leg power and force during prolonged cycling in the heat. Seven endurance-trained and heat-acclimatized cyclists pedaled for 120 min at 63% maximum oxygen consumption in a hot, dry environment (36 °C; 29% humidity, 1.9 m·s–1 airflow). In five randomized trials, during exercise, subjects drank 2.4 ± 0.1 L of (i) mineral water (WAT; San Benedetto®), (ii) 6% carbohydrate–electrolyte solution (Gatorade® lemon), (iii) 8% carbohydrate–electrolyte solution (Powerade® Citrus Charge), (iv) 8% carbohydrate–electrolyte solution with lower sodium concentration than other sports drinks (Aquarius® orange), or (v) did not ingest any fluid (DEH). Fluid balance, rectal temperature (Trec), maximal cycling power (Pmax), and leg maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) were measured. During DEH, subjects lost 3.7 ± 0.2% of initial body mass, whereas subjects lost only 0.8% ± 0.1% in the other trials (p < 0.05). Final Trec was higher in DEH than in the rest of the trials (39.4 ± 0.1 °C vs. 38.7 ± 0.1 °C; p < 0.05). Pmax was similar among all trials. Gatorade® and Powerade® preserved MVC better than DEH (–3.1% ± 2% and –3.8% ± 2% vs. –11% ± 2%, p < 0.05), respectively, whereas WAT and Aquarius® did not (–6% ± 2%). Compared with DEH, rehydration with commercially available sports drinks during prolonged exercise in the heat preserves leg force, whereas rehydrating with water does not. However, low sodium concentration in a sports drink seems to preclude its ergogenic effects on force.
Adding carbohydrate to a high-fat meal blunts postprandial lipemia in women and reduces meal-derived fatty acids in systemic circulation
Authors: Knuth Nicolas D. , Remias David B. , Horowitz Jeffrey F. 
Published: April 2008

The lipemic response to a meal is an important independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding carbohydrate (CHO) to a fat meal on the bioavailability of ingested fat in different blood lipid fractions in men and women. On two separate occasions, 18 healthy adults (9 women, 9 men) ate either a high-fat meal (0.7 grams fat per kilogram) (FAT), or the same meal with added CHO (1 gram CHO per kilogram) (FAT+CHO) in the morning after a 12 h fast. Both meals were supplemented with [13C]-palmitate (25 mg·kg–1). Plasma concentrations of triglyceride (TG), fatty acids, insulin, and glucose were measured in blood samples taken hourly from 0 to 8 h after the meal. In addition, we measured TG concentrations in chylomicron (CHYLO-TG) and in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-TG) fractions. The addition of CHO to the fat meal increased plasma glucose and insulin concentrations identically in men and women. In contrast, adding CHO to the fat meal reduced the plasma TG concentration in the 5 h after the meal in women (average 5 h [TG]: 1.27 ± 0.11 and 1.01 ± 0.09 mmol·L–1; p <0.05), but not in men (1.25 ± 0.23 and 1.24 ± 0.20 mmol·L–1). Despite differences in the lipemic response to the meals between men and women, we found that adding carbohydrate to a fat meal decreased the bioavailability of meal-derived [13C]-palmitate in the systemic fatty acid pool, and decreased the incorporation of [13C]-palmitate into VLDL-TG in both men and women. In summary, adding CHO to a fat meal markedly blunted the plasma TG response in women, but not in men, which may augment the atherogenic potential after each meal in men.
Correlation between the rate of weight loss and changes in body composition in obese postmenopausal women after 5 weeks: a pilot study
Authors: Arguin Hélène , Bouchard Danielle R. , Labonté Mélissa , Carpentier André , Ardilouze Jean-Luc , Dionne Isabelle J. , Brochu Martin 
Published: April 2008

Approximately 25% of weight lost during restrictive diets (without exercise) is lean body mass (LBM). No study has yet investigated the impact of the rate of weight loss (RWL) on LBM and fat mass (FM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the RWL and body composition in older obese women. Twenty obese postmenopausal women aged between 51 and 74 years enrolled in a 5 week dietary weight loss intervention. Subjects were characterized according to their RWL (low RWL < 0.74 kg·week–1 (n = 9) vs. high RWL ≥ 0.74 kg·week–1 (n = 11)). Total and trunk FM and LBM (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were measured before and after weight loss. A significant correlation was observed between the RWL (kg·week–1) and changes in LBM (kg·week–1) (r = 0.75; p = 0.0002). However, no association was observed with changes in FM (kg·week–1) (r = 0.40; p = 0.08). Both groups showed a similar decrease in FM (low RWL, –2.7 ± 0.9 kg,; high RWL, –3.2 ± 0.8 kg; p = 0.38), whereas losses in LBM were significantly higher in the high RWL than in the low RWL group (–1.6 ± 1.2 kg vs. –0.4 ± 1.1 kg; p = 0.05). An RWL > 0.74 kg·week–1 was associated with a greater loss of LBM, but had no extra benefits on FM after a 5 week weight loss program. Current guidelines, which recommend RWL up to 0.91 kg·week–1, might not be optimal to prevent decreases in LBM in postmenopausal women when no exercise is added.
VceR negatively regulates the vceCAB MDR efflux operon and positively regulates its own synthesis in Vibrio cholerae 569B
Authors: Alatoom Adnan A. , Aburto Ricardo , Hamood Abdul N. , Colmer-Hamood Jane A. 
Published: April 2008

The vceCAB (vce) operon encodes the multidrug resistance pump VceCAB (VCE), which contributes to resistance of Vibrio cholerae to carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazine (CCCP), deoxycholate, and pentachlorophenol by several-fold. vceR, which encodes the TetR-type repressor VceR and is divergently transcribed from vce, has been characterized in Escherichia coli . Detailed characterization of vceR in V. cholerae 569B confirmed the repressive effect of VceR on VCE function and indicated several novel features of VceR. Deletion of vceR increased resistance of strain 569B to CCCP and deoxycholate modestly, but did not affect resistance to pentachlorophenol. Transcriptional analysis revealed that vce expression was not only increased in strain 569BΔvceR::Ω by 2-fold but continued to rise throughout the growth cycle. Using a vceR–lux transcriptional fusion plasmid, we examined whether vceR is autoregulated in strain 569B. Expression of vceR from the vceR–lux fusion was significantly lower in strain 569BΔvceR::Ω than in strain 569B. In addition, exposure to CCCP reduced vceR expression from the vceR–lux fusion in strain 569B but not in strain 569BΔvceR::Ω. Despite differences in the VceR binding site in strain 569B from the previously recognized 28 bp sequence in V. cholerae CVD101, purified recombinant VceR bound to the 24 bp sequence from strain 569B. We propose that VceR modulates vce expression by binding in vivo to the 24 bp sequence within the vceR–vce intergenic region; unlike many TetR repressors that are negatively autoregulated, VceR positively regulates vceR expression in trans.
Plasma-derived biological medicines used to promote haemostasis
Authors: Freedman John , Semple John W. , Ofosu Frederick A. 
Published: April 2008

SummarySeveral biological medicines derived from human and animal plasmas can effectively improve haemostasis in individuals with inherited or acquired defects in haemostasis. Factor VIII and factor VIII/vWF and factor IX concentrates are used to treat haemophilia A, von Willebrand disease and hemophilia B respectively. Cryoprecipitates are used to treat hypofibrinogenemia and von Willebrand disease where desmopressin (DDAVP) is ineffective or when plasma-derived factor VIII/vWF concentrates are unavailable. Thrombin-containing topical haemostatic agents and fibrin sealants are used to control perioperative bleeding. Intravenous immunoglobulin has several uses, including management of patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenias and patients with acquired factor VIII deficiency. Similar to most protein- based biological medicines, all the above products can elicit some level of antibody response, with clinical consequences that vary from mild anaphylaxis to loss of product efficacy. An ongoing potential safety concern with any biological medicine derived from blood/plasma is transmission of blood-borne pathogens. This safety concern has lessened significantly in the past decade as a result of the institution of more effective pre- and post-donation screening that tests for potential pathogens, and institution of pathogen reduction strategies to which many plasma-derived biological medicines are now routinely subjected. This article considers the manufacture, standardization, clinical efficacy and adverse event profiles of the plasma-derived biological medicines currently used to promote haemostasis in patients with inherited or acquired functional defects in haemostasis. It also considers approaches employed to minimize infectivity of biological medicines derived from human and animal plasmas and to manage patients who develop antibodies (inhibitors) to clotting factor concentrate infusions.
Recombinant clotting factors
Authors: Pipe Steven 
Published: April 2008

SummaryThe recombinant era for haemophilia began in the early 1980s with the cloning and subsequent expression of functional proteins for both factors VIII and IX. Efficient production of recombinant clotting factors in mammalian cell culture systems required overcoming significant challenges due to the complex post-translational modifications that were integral to their procoagulant function. The quick development and commercialization of recombinant clotting factors was, in part, facilitated by the catastrophic impact of viral contamination of plasma-derived clotting factor concentrates at the time. Since their transition into the clinic, the recombinant versions of both factor VIII and IX have proven to be remarkable facsimiles of their plasma-derived counterparts. The broad adoption of recombinant therapy throughout the developed world has significantly increased the supply of clotting factor concentrates and helped advance aggressive therapeutic interventions such as prophylaxis. The development of recombinant VIIa was a further advance bringing a recombinant option to haemophilia patients with inhibitors. Recombinant DNA technology remains the platform to address ongoing challenges in haemophilia care such as reducing the costs of therapy, increasing the availability to the developing world, and improving the functional properties of these proteins. In turn, the ongoing development of new recombinant clotting factor concentrates is providing alternatives for patients with other inherited bleeding disorders.
The prevalence of activated protein C (APC) resistance and factor V Leiden is significantly higher in patients with retinal vein occlusion without general risk factors
Authors: Rehak Matus , Rehak Jiri , Müller Marc , Faude Susanne , Faude Frank , Siegemund Annelie , Krcova Vera , Slavik Ludek , Hasenclever Dirk , Scholz Markus , Wiedemann Peter 
Published: April 2008

SummarySeveral small case-control studies have investigated whether factor V Leiden (FVL) is a risk factor for retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and generated conflicting data. To clarify this question we performed a large two-centre case-control study and a meta-analysis of published studies. Two hundred seven consecutive patients with RVO and a control group of 150 subjects were screened between 1996 and 2006. A systematic meta-analysis was done combining our study with further 17 published European case-control studies. APC resistance was detected in 16 out of 207 (7.7%) patients and eight out of 150 (5.3%) controls. The odds ratio (OR) estimated was 1.49 with a (non-significant) 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.62–3.57. The meta-analysis including 18 studies with a total of 1,748 patients and 2,716 controls showed a significantly higher prevalence of FVL in patients with RVO compared to healthy controls (combined OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.19–2.32). All single studies combined in the meta-analysis were too small to reliably detect the effect individually. This explains the seemingly contradictory data in the literature. In conclusion, the prevalence of APC resistance (and FVL) is increased in patients with RVO compared to controls, but the effect is only moderate. Therefore, there is no indication for general screening of factor V mutation in all patients with RVO. We recommend this test to be performed in patients older than 50 years with an additional history of thromboembolic event and in younger patients without general risk factors like hypertension.
Automated registration of tail bleeding in rats
Authors: Henriksen Lars , Andresen Per , Lauritzen Brian , Jensen Kåre , Juhl Trine , Tranholm Mikael , Johansen Peter 
Published: April 2008

SummaryAn automated system for registration of tail bleeding in rats using a camera and a user-designed PC-based software program has been developed. The live and processed images are displayed on the screen and are exported together with a text file for later statistical processing of the data allowing calculation of e.g. number of bleeding episodes, bleeding times and bleeding areas. Proof-of-principle was achieved when the camera captured the blood stream after infusion of rat whole blood into saline. Suitability was assessed by recording of bleeding profiles in heparintreated rats, demonstrating that the system was able to capture on/off bleedings and that the data transfer and analysis were conducted successfully. Then, bleeding profiles were visually recorded by two independent observers simultaneously with the automated recordings after tail transection in untreated rats. Linear relationships were found in the number of bleedings, demonstrating, however, a statistically significant difference in the recording of bleeding episodes between observers. Also, the bleeding time was longer for visual compared to automated recording. No correlation was found between blood loss and bleeding time in untreated rats, but in heparinized rats a correlation was suggested. Finally, the blood loss correlated with the automated recording of bleeding area. In conclusion, the automated system has proven suitable for replacing visual recordings of tail bleedings in rats. Inter-observer differences can be eliminated, monotonous repetitive work avoided, and a higher through-put of animals in less time achieved. The automated system will lead to an increased understanding of the nature of bleeding following tail transection in different rodent models.
Relationship between high platelet turnover and platelet function in high-risk patients with coronary artery disease on dual antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Marcucci Rossella , Caporale Roberto , Paniccia Rita , Romano Eloisa , Gensini Gian Franco , Abbate Rosanna , Gori Anna Maria , Cesari Francesca 
Published: April 2008

SummaryA high platelet turnover rate produce a population of immature reticulated platelets (RP) that could confer, despite of antiplatelet drugs, a residual platelet reactivity (RPR) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. To assess the influence of RP on platelet reactivity in CAD patients on dual antiplatelet therapy we measured RP in 372 patients by using the Sysmex XE-2100 haematology analyzer and platelet function by optical platelet aggregometry (PA) on platelet-rich-plasma induced by 1 mmol arachidonic acid (AA-PA) and 10 μM ADP (ADP-PA). RPR was defined as either AA-PA >20% or ADP-PA >70%. RP were expressed as a percentage of RP of the total optical platelet count (immature platelet fraction; IPF) and as the percentage of RP highly fluorescent (higly fluorescent immature platelet fraction; H-IPF). Moderate but significant positive correlations between PA, IPF, H-IPF, and mean platelet volume (MPV) were found. According to tertiles of IPF, H-IPF and MPV, a significant trend for an increase of platelet aggregation by AA and ADP was evidenced. Furthermore, a significant difference for IPF, H-IPF and MPV between patients with and without RPR was observed. A linear regression analysis showed that IPF, H-IPF and MPV significantly affected PA measured by AA and ADP. At multivariate linear regression analysis these associations were confirmed. Moreover, a logistic regression analysis demonstrated that IPF, H-IPF and MPV significantly influenced the risk of RPR, and in the multivariate model these results remained significant. This study indicates that a high rate of platelet turnover is a new mechanism associated with platelet reactivity in high risk CAD patients on dual antiplatelet therapy.
Microparticle-associated vascular adhesion molecule-1 and tissue factor follow a circadian rhythm in healthy human subjects
Authors: Vince Rebecca , Sandström Marie , Taylor Lee , McNaughton Lars , Laden Gerard , Madden Leigh 
Published: April 2008

SummaryAn increased risk of death or severe injury due to late-morning thrombotic events is well established. Tissue factor (TF) is the initiator of the coagulation cascade, and endothelial stresses, coupled with production of pro-coagulant microparticles (MP) are also important factors in loss of haemostasis. TF and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) -positive cell microparticles were assessed periodically over a 24-hour (h) period in healthy human subjects to ascertain if they followed a circadian rhythm. Eleven healthy male subjects were assessed in a temperature-controlled environment with dietary intake consistent between subjects. Blood samples were taken every 4 h by venipuncture, and TF and VCAM-1 positive microparticles were quantified by flow cytometry. A significant circadian rhythm was observed in VCAM-1 MP (p=<0.0001), and a trend was shown, although not statistically significant (p=0.065) in TF microparticles. A peak was observed at 9 a.m. for VCAM-1 positive MP, followed by a decrease and subsequent peak at 9 p.m. and a minimum at 5 a.m. TF-positive MP followed a strikingly similar trend in both variation and absolute numbers with a delay. A circadian rhythm was observed in VCAM-1 and less so TF-positive MP. This has significant implications in terms of the well known increased risk of cardiovascular thrombotic events matching this data. To our knowledge this is the first such report of quantified measurements of these MP over a 24-h period and the only measurement of a 24-h variation of in-vivo blood-borne TF.
Association of ADAMDEC1 haplotype with high factor VIII levels in venous thromboembolism
Authors: Kulle Bettina , Luxembourg Beate , Blouin Katja , Spannagl Michael , Lindhoff-Last Edelgard , Berger Mario , Moscatelli Henriette , Schambeck Christian 
Published: April 2008

SummaryA suggestive locus on chromosome 8 could be shown to be associated with familial high factor VIII (FVIII) levels in venous thromboembolism. The ADAMDEC 1 gene is a candidate expressing an ectodomain sheddase. However, the ectodomain of the clearance receptor for FVIII, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), is subject to proteolysis by metalloproteases like ADAMDEC1. Other LRP-interacting proteins are lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and t-PA. For an association study, 165 thrombotic patients with high FVIII levels (from the MAISTHRO, i.e. Main-Isar-thrombosis register) were included. All patients with known causes for high FVIII levels had been previously excluded. The patients were compared with 214 healthy blood donors. Polymorphisms with usually a minor allele frequency > 5 %, i.e. 24 SNPs and two insertion/deletion polymorphisms of LPL gene, eight SNPs of the t-PA gene, and five SNPs of the ADAMDEC1 gene, were analyzed. Haplotype differences were calculated using PHASE. A new polymorphism in intron 7 of the t-PA gene with a minor allele frequency of 2.2% was identified. Analysis of each SNP by the Cochrane-Armitage trend test did not show any significant association between genotype and disease status. Interestingly, the ADAMDEC1 haplotype (rs12674766, rs10087305, rs2291577, rs2291578, rs3765124) differed between cases and controls (p=0.04). In particular, the TGTGG haplotype showed a difference. In conclusion, the ADAMDEC 1 haplotype may indicate an underlying mechanism for high FVIII levels. The only moderate linkage disequilibrium may be due to a possible causal polymorphism in distant introns or the promoter region against a polygenic background.
Evaluation of Two Land Surface Schemes Used in Terrains of Increasing Aridity in West Africa
Authors: Schüttemeyer D. , Moene A. F. , Holtslag A. A. M. , de Bruin H. A. R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this study different parameterizations for land surface models currently employed in meteorological models at ECMWF [Tiled ECMWF Surface Scheme for Exchange Processes over Land (TESSEL)] and NCEP (Noah) are evaluated for a semiarid region in Ghana, West Africa. Both schemes utilize the Jarvis–Stewart approach to calculate canopy conductance as the critical variable for partitioning the available energy into sensible and latent heat flux. Additionally, an approach within Noah is tested to calculate canopy conductance based on plant physiology (A-gs method), where the photosynthetic assimilation is coupled to the leaf stomatal conductance.All parameterizations were run offline for a seasonal cycle in 2002/03 using observations as forcings at two test sites. The two locations are in the humid tropical southern region and in the drier northern region. For the purpose of forcing and evaluation, a new set of data has been utilized to include surface fluxes obtained by scintillometry. The measurements include the rapid wet-to-dry transition after the wet season at both sites.As a general trend, it has been found that during the wet period of a season net radiation is described well by all parameterizations. During the drying process the errors in modeled net radiation increased at both sites. The models perform poorly in simulating soil heat fluxes with larger errors for TESSEL for both sites. The evolution in time for sensible heat flux and latent heat flux was tackled in different ways by the utilized parameterizations and sites with enhanced model performance for the more southern site. Soil moisture in the upper soil layers is modeled with small errors for the different parameterizations.Key adjustments for reducing net radiation during the dry period of a season are discussed. In particular, the ratio of roughness length of momentum and heat was found to be an important parameter, but will require seasonal adjustments.