bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rebuilding the Tower of Babel: A Revised Nomenclature for the Study of Suicide and Suicidal Behaviors Part 1: Background, Rationale, and Methodology
Authors: Silverman Morton M. , Berman Alan L. , Sanddal Nels D. , O'Carroll Patrick W. , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: June 2007

Since the publication of theO'Carroll et al. (1996)nomenclature for suicidology, there have been a number of published letters and articles, as well as an active e‐mail dialogue, in response to, and elaborating upon, this effort to establish a standard nomenclature for suicidology. This new nomenclature has been presented on a number of occasions at both national and international meetings. In this paper we provide the background, rationale, and methodology involved in the process of revising the O'Carroll et al. nomenclature, based on the feedback and discussions that have ensued over the past 10 years.Those who have written and studied the phenomenon of suicide have not defined the term so simply … how the word is defined has implications and large effects for statistics that are compiled on the official number of suicides, and for researchers, so that there is clear communication regarding what and who is being studied.Among writers in the field of suicidology there is no single common accepted definition … the termsuiciderefers not to a single action but more broadly to a great many varied behaviors. For example, one can speak of suicidal thoughts, intentions, ideation, gestures, attempts, completions, equivalents.Thus far, no single term, definition, or taxonomy has served to sufficiently represent the complex set of behaviors that have been suggested as suicidal. A standard set of terms and definitions are greatly needed to advance the science of suicidology and aid communication and understanding of the field.McIntosh (1985, pp. 18–19)
Rebuilding the Tower of Babel: A Revised Nomenclature for the Study of Suicide and Suicidal Behaviors Part 2: Suicide‐Related Ideations, Communications, and Behaviors
Authors: Silverman Morton M. , Berman Alan L. , Sanddal Nels D. , O'Carroll Patrick W. , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: June 2007

A revised and refined version of theO'Carroll et al. (1996)nomenclature for suicidology is presented, with a focus on suicide‐related ideations, communications, and behaviors. The hope is that this refinement will result in the development of operational definitions and field testing of this nomenclature in clinical and research settings. This revision would not have been possible without the international collaboration and dialogue addressing the nomenclature of suicidology since the O'Carroll et al. nomenclature appeared in 1996.Although it is doubtful that we will ever be able to construct universally unambiguous criteria to comprehensively characterize suicidal behaviors (and, overall, firmly establish the intention behind them), for scientific clarity it would be highly desirable that the set of definitions and the associated terminology be explicit and generalizable.De Leo, Burgis, Bertolote, Kerkhof, & Bille‐Brahe, 2006, p. 5)
DICER-LIKE 1 and DICER-LIKE 3 Redundantly Act to Promote Flowering via Repression of FLOWERING LOCUS C in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Schmitz Robert J , Hong Lewis , Fitzpatrick Kathleen E , Amasino Richard M 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, DICER-LIKE 1 and DICER-LIKE 3 are involved in the generation of small RNAs. Double mutants between dicer-like 1 and dicer-like 3 exhibit a delay in flowering that is caused by increased expression of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C. This delayed-flowering phenotype is similar to that of autonomous-pathway mutants, and the flowering delay can be overcome by vernalization.
Structure-Activity Approach in the Reactivation of Tabun-Phosphorylated Human Acetylcholinesterase with Bispyridinium para-Aldoximes
Authors: Kovarik Zrinka , Čalić Maja , Šinko Goran , Bosak Anita 
Published: June 2007

Structure-Activity Approach in the Reactivation of Tabun-Phosphorylated Human Acetylcholinesterase with Bispyridinium para-AldoximesWe investigated interactions of bispyridinium para-aldoximes N,N'-(propano)bis(4-hydroxyiminomethyl) pyridinium bromide (TMB-4), N,N'-(ethano)bis(4-hydroxyiminomethyl)pyridinium methanosulphonate (DMB-4), and N,N'-(methano)bis(4-hydroxyiminomethyl)pyridinium chloride (MMB-4) with human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase phosphorylated by tabun. We analysed aldoxime conformations to determine the flexibility of aldoxime as an important feature for binding to the acetylcholinesterase active site. Tabun-inhibited human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase was completely reactivated only by the most flexible bispyridinium aldoxime - TMB-4 with a propylene chain between two rings. Shorter linkers than propylene (methylene or ethylene) as in MMB-4 and DMB-4 did not allow appropriate orientation in the active site, and MMB-4 and DMB-4 were not efficient reactivators of tabun-phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase. Since aldoximes are also reversible inhibitors of native acetylcholinesterase, we determined dissociation constants and their protective index against acetylcholinesterase inactivation by tabun.
Ash From Thermal Power Plants as Secondary Raw Material
Authors: Čudić Vladica , Kisić Dragica , Stojiljković Dragoslava , Jovović Aleksandar 
Published: June 2007

Ash From Thermal Power Plants as Secondary Raw MaterialThe basic characteristic of thermal power plants in the Republic of Serbia is that they use low-grade brown coal (lignite) as a fuel. Depending on the location of coal mines, lignite may have different properties such as heating value, moisture, and mineral content, resulting in different residue upon combustion. Because of several million tonnes of ash and slag generated every year, their granularmetric particle size distribution, and transport and disposal methods, these plants have a negative impact on the environment. According to the waste classification system in the Republic of Serbia, ash and slag from thermal power plants are classified as hazardous waste, but with an option of usability. The proposed revision of waste legislation in Serbia brings a number of simple and modern solutions. A procedure is introduced which allows for end-of-waste criteria to be set, clarifying the point where waste ceases to be waste, and thereby introducing regulatory relief for recycled products or materials that represent low risk for the environment. The new proposal refocuses waste legislation on the environmental impacts of the generation and management of waste, taking into account the life cycle of resources, and develops new waste prevention programmes. Stakeholders, as well as the general public, should have the opportunity to participate in the drawing up of the programmes, and should have access to them.
Potential Use of Environmental Isotopes in Pollutant Migration Studies
Authors: Miljević Nada , Golobočanin Dušan 
Published: June 2007

Potential Use of Environmental Isotopes in Pollutant Migration StudiesThis article presents the use of natural abundance stable isotope (hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine) analysis data as a tool for providing important information about the origin of contaminants, the contribution of different sources to a multi-source plume, characterisation of their complex transport (rate and mechanisms) and for evaluating the success of contaminated site remediation. Isotopic signatures of contaminants are useful tracers of their sources, while isotopic fractionation can be used to quantitatively assess the progress of an environmental process such as biodegradation. This new isotopic approach is reliable and can offer more information than traditional techniques in pollutant migration studies, particularly after waste disposal. During biological degradation of any organic compound, molecules containing lighter isotopes are degraded, and the portion of heavier isotopes in the substrate is increased, identifying specific microbial roles in biogeochemical cycling. Since isotopic fractionation is proportional to degradation, depending on the type of contamination, a microbial degradation of 50% to 99% of the initial concentration can be quantified using isotope ratio measurements.
Occupational Asthma in Subjects Occupationally Exposed to Herbal and Fruit Tea Dust
Authors: Minov Jordan , Karadžinska-Bislimovska Jovanka , Vasilevska Kristin , Risteska-Kuc Snžana , Stoleski Sašo 
Published: June 2007

Occupational Asthma in Subjects Occupationally Exposed to Herbal and Fruit Tea DustWe performed a cross-sectional study to detect occupational asthma (OA) in 63 subjects occupationally exposed to herbal and fruit tea dust and in 63 corresponding controls. The evaluation included a questionnaire, skin prick tests to workplace and common inhalant allergens, spirometry, and histamine challenge test. The evaluation of the work-relatedness of asthma in the exposed workers was based on serial peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measurements and bronchoprovocation tests. We found a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms in the exposed workers, whereas spirometric parameters were significantly lower. The prevalence of sensitisation to allergens and of bronchial hyperresponsivenss (BHR) did not differ significantly between the groups. The prevalence of asthma was also similar in both groups (8.0 %vs. 6.4 %;P=0.540). Work-relatedness of symptoms was reported by all asthmatic tea workers and by no control with asthma. Significant work-related changes in PEFR diurnal variations and in non-specific BHR, suggesting allergic OA, were found in one tea worker with asthma (1.6 %). No specific workplace agent causing OA in the affected subject was identified. None of the tea workers with asthma met the criteria for medical case definition of the reactive airway dysfunction syndrome (RADS). Our data confirm workplace exposure to herbal and fruit tea dust as a risk factor for OA.
Relationships among ciliated protozoa and water chemistry in small peat-bog reservoirs (Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland, Eastern Poland)
Authors: Mieczan Tomasz 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The aims of this study were to identify the taxonomic and trophic diversity of planktonic ciliate communities occurring in small peat-bog reservoirs of various acidities (from about 3 to 6), and to assess the effects of chemical factors on them. Generally the highest numbers of ciliate taxa were recorded in high pH (>6) reservoirs, and the lowest in low pH (3.28-4.6) reservoirs. The mean numbers of planktonic ciliates in the high pH reservoirs were about three times higher than in the low pH reservoirs. However, the greatest biomass of ciliates occurred in low pH reservoirs.
The results suggest that pH, conductivity and total organic carbon (TOC) are more important than total phosphorus (Ptot) in the distribution of planktonic ciliates in peat-bog reservoirs. In the low pH peat-bog reservoirs, the biggest factor affecting ciliate distribution is the pH of the water, whilst in the higher pH reservoirs the role of organic matter becomes increasingly important with increasing pH.
Seasonal variations of dominant phytoplankton in humic forest lakes
Authors: Joniak Tomasz 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
This work presents the community composition, abundance and seasonal dominance of phytoplankton taxa in three hydrochemically different, mid-forest humic lakes. The largest number of taxa was observed in the oligohumic lake (76), with smaller numbers seen in the mesohumic (42) and polyhumic lakes (37), which were characterized by higher contents of dissolved humic substances carbon (DHSC). Along an increasing gradient of DHSC in a pool of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) the autotrophic algae were seen to disappear, being replaced by taxa with features of facultative heterotrophs and flagellated algae that are able to move in the water column.
Coastal lakes and marine intrusions on the southern Baltic coast
Authors: Drwal Jan , Cieśliński Roman 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
In particular branches of the Earth sciences the term
estuary
is used with various meanings. The term estuary is applied to objects that often differ from the original geographic meaning of the word. The phenomena that accompany them and processes that cause them are called also estuary phenomena and processes. The aim of the study is to describe, in a geographic context, the range in meaning of both the term and names of phenomena and processes derived from it. In the years 2002 - 2005, a survey of the distribution of chloride concentrations was conducted on five lakes characteristic of the southern Baltic coast: Jamno, Bukowo, Wicko, Kopań and Łebsko. It was observed that seawater intrusions into the coastal lakes only resembles those that occur in classic estuaries, though the results are similar to seawater intrusion processes. In the Polish section of the southern Baltic coast, coastal lakes are not the only places where these phenomena are observed. We suggest that all inland water bodies that are under the influence of marine intrusions should be called coastal waters, instead of the misleading term estuary.
Middle Meatus Bacteriology of Acute Rhinosinusitis in Patients after Irradiation of Nasopharynx
Authors: Huang Wei-Hsiung , Liu Chia-Ming , Chao Ting-Kuang , Hung Pei-Kai 
Published: June 2007

Background Patients who undergo radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tend to suffer from rhinosinusitis because irradiation causes damage to sinonasal tissue; however, their bacteriology is lacking in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriology and antibiotic resistance in acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) of these patients. Methods We collected nasal purulent discharge for bacteriology and antibiotic susceptibility tests in irradiated NPC patients with ARS. Middle meatus discharge was aspirated for culture with endoscopic assistance. Results A total of 33 episodes of ARS were documented in 25 patients. Staphylococcus aureus comprised 42% of all aerobes. Thirty-six percents of aerobic isolates were Gram-negative bacilli. Peptostreptococcus micros and Veillonella spp were the most frequently isolated anaerobes. Conclusion The bacteriology in irradiated NPC patients with ARS was distinctive in the following: first, the most common pathogen was S. aureus; second, frequently isolated Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobes; and third, polymicrobial infections. The β-lactamase–producing pathogens were highly prevalent.
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Patients Receiving Anticoagulant or Antiplatelet Therapy
Authors: Sargi Zoukaa , Casiano Roy 
Published: June 2007

Background Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS) has not been studied in patients receiving anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. Classifing this procedure into a bleeding risk category needs to be done to safely manage these therapies perioperatively. Methods Design: Retrospective case control study of prospectively collected data. Setting: Academic tertiary referral center. Patients: 42 patients receiving anticoagulant therapy who underwent an endoscopic sinus surgery between October 1997 and December 2005, compared to a control group of 42 patients matched for age and gender. Results The mean estimated blood loss (EBL) during surgery was slightly higher for the control group without reaching a statistically significant difference (p = 0.14). EBL was significantly higher when more sinuses were opened during surgery (p = 0.001). There was no reported major postoperative bleeding related to anticoagulation. All patients were able to resume their anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy after the surgery. Conclusion ESS is a safe procedure when performed in patients receiving anticoagulation or antiplatet therapy, and could be classified as a moderate bleeding risk surgery. Stopping the medication prior to the surgery is mandatory. However, anticoagulation could be resumed early postoperatively because it does not seen to increase the risk for bleeding. Perioperative bridging with heparin should only be dictated by the patient's condition, not by the procedure itself.
Residual Diplopia after Repair of Pure Orbital Blowout Fracture: The Importance of Extraocular Muscle Injury
Authors: Jin Hong-Ryul , Lee Hyun-Seok , Yeon Je-Yeob , Suh Myung-Whan 
Published: June 2007

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of and possible risk factors for residual diplopia after surgical repair of pure blowout fracture (BOF) of the orbit. Methods Sixty-three patients with pure orbital BOFs who had preoperative symptomatic diplopia were investigated. In each patient, the relationship of residual diplopia and the following factors were analyzed: (1) timing of surgery, (2) presence of enophthalmos, (3) site of fracture, (4) type of fracture, (5) extraocular muscle swelling, and (6) surgical method. Results Fifty-five (87.3%) of 63 patients experienced improvement in diplopia and 8 (12.7%) patients had residual symptomatic diplopia after surgery. Of the six factors, only swelling of extraocular muscle on computed tomography (CT) scan was significant for the development of residual diplopia after surgery (p < 0.01). Conclusion In pure BOF of the orbit, patients who have swelling of the extraocular muscles on CT scan are more likely to have residual postoperative diplopia.
Reversal of Chronic Rhinosinusitis-Associated Sinonasal Ciliary Dysfunction
Authors: Chen Bei , Antunes Marcelo B. , Claire Steven Eau , Palmer James N. , Chiu Alexander G. , Kennedy David W. , Cohen Noam A. 
Published: June 2007

Background Although multiple etiologies contribute to the development of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a common pathophysiological sequelae is ineffective sinonasal mucociliary clearance, leading to stasis of sinonasal secretions, with subsequent infection and/or persistent inflammation. Proper therapeutic intervention typically restores mucociliary activity, suggesting that the pathophysiological process(es) responsible for CRS-associated mucostasis may be reversible. We previously demonstrated a blunted response of CRS sinonasal cilia after purinergic stimulation. This study investigated whether the blunted ciliary response is unique to purinergic stimulation and addressed whether the blunted effect is primarily caused by local CRS-associated mediators or inherent genetic defects in ciliary function. Methods A dual temperature-controlled perfusion chamber, differential interference contrast microscopy, and high-speed digital video were used to analyze both basal as well as cholinergic, adrenergic, and purinergic stimulation of cilia in human sinonasal mucosal explants. Additionally, enzymically dissociated sinonasal ciliated cells were maintained ex vivo in submersion, on glass coverslips, and assessed daily for purinergic ciliary beat frequency stimulation. Results Cholinergic and adrenergic stimulation generally were blunted in mucosal explants obtained from CRS patients. Ex vivo maintenance of samples demonstrated that the majority of CRS samples developed a stimulatory phenotype within 36 hours of culturing. Conclusion CRS is a common debilitating disease principally affecting sinonasal epithelial function with a resultant diminution of mucociliary transport. Presently, little is known about how this disease process affects the sinonasal epithelial ciliated cells. Our data suggest that ciliary response to environmental insults is blunted in a reversible manner in CRS patients.
Endoscopic Endonasal Study of the Internal Carotid Artery Course and Variations
Authors: Herzallah Islam R. , Casiano Roy R. 
Published: June 2007

Background With the advance in endoscopic sinus surgery, more procedures are being performed to address challenging lesions and, of particular concern, those around the internal carotid artery (ICA). Despite the current progress in the understanding of endoscopic paranasal sinus anatomy, little information is available about the course and variations of the closely related ICA as seen endoscopically. In this study, we show an endoscopic analysis of the ICA course in a series of advanced endoscopic dissections Methods Ten cadaver heads (20 sides) have been endoscopically dissected. Using an extended approach, a wide sphenoidotomy has been performed as far laterally as the pterygoid base. The latter also has been drilled posteriorly and the ICA was fully exposed from its petrous part up to its termination below the anterior perforated substance of the brain. High-quality endoscopic pictures were produced by coupling the video images with a digital recording system. Results The ICA course, landmarks, and segments have been defined and analyzed. The ICA was found to have a variable course that was well appreciated using the multiangled, magnified endoscopic view. The importance of such variation was established in relation to the nearby anatomic structures as well as possible lesions involving this area. Conclusion The results of this study provide the endoscopic sinus and skull base surgeon with a better understanding of the endoscopic course and variations of the ICA. In experienced hands, such endoscopic orientation should allow safer as well as more effective management of closely related lesions.
Endoscopic Septoplasty: Revisitation of the Technique, Indications, and Outcomes
Authors: Chung Brian J. , Batra Pete S. , Citardi Martin J. , Lanza Donald C. 
Published: June 2007

Background Septoplasty is a well-described surgical technique for management of nasal airway obstruction (NAO) and improved access for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The advances in endoscopic techniques have facilitated endoscopic septoplasty (ES). The purpose of this study was to review the surgical technique, indications, and outcomes for ES. Methods A retrospective review was conducted to identify patients undergoing ES between 1998 and 2005 at a tertiary care medical center. Demographic data, operative indications, adjunctive procedures, symptom outcome, and complications were recorded. Results One hundred sixteen patients with a mean age of 47 years were identified. The male/female ratio was 1.2:1 and mean follow-up period was 13 months. Indications for ES included NAO (64.6%), access (34.5%), and facial pain (0.9%). The most common concomitant diagnoses included chronic rhinosinusitis (67.2%), allergic rhinitis (55.2%), sinonasal polyposis (34.5%), and turbinate hypertrophy (25.9%). Concomitant procedures performed included ESS (81.9%), turbinate reduction (44.8%), and rhinoplasty (4.3%). Among patients who underwent primary ES for NAO, 70% achieved resolution and 20% reported improvement of their nasal obstruction. Complications included transient dental pain/hypesthesia (4.3%), asymptomatic septal perforation (3.4%), synechiae formation (2.6%), epistaxis (0.9%), and septal hematoma (0.9%). Complication rates were similar for ES alone versus ES in conjunction with ESS. Conclusion ES represents a viable alternative to traditional headlight septoplasty with acceptable outcomes and complications. ES allows for enhanced visualization of the septal deviation with more focused flap dissection and resection of the offending cartilage and bone. Furthermore, the technique facilitates teaching endeavors through use of video monitors.
Information Search and Retrieval
Authors: Culbertson Michael 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The communication of information is essential for any discipline. Scholars and practitioners cannot work in isolation; a free flow of ideas is vitally important to the practice of a profession or discipline. Electrical engineering and electronics are no exception.
This article will concentrate on how information is transmitted through the formal media in electrical engineering, and allied subjects, and how such information is retrieved. Both print and electronic media will be considered.

Introduction

Forms of Communication in Electrical Engineering

Bibliographic Tools

Document Retrieval

Summary