bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Ion Acceleration and Transport in Corotating Interaction Regions: The Mass-to-charge Ratio Dependence of the Particle Spectrum
Authors: Ding Zheyi , Li Gang , Wijsen Nicolas , Poedts Stefaan , Yao Shuo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We investigate the role of perpendicular diffusion in shaping the energetic ion spectrum in corotating interaction regions (CIRs), focusing on its mass-to-charge (A/Q) ratio dependence. We simulate a synthetic CIR using the EUropean Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset and model the subsequent ion acceleration and transport by solving the focused transport equation incorporating both parallel and perpendicular diffusion. Our results reveal distinct differences in ion spectra between scenarios with and without perpendicular diffusion. In the absence of perpendicular diffusion, ion spectra near CIRs show a strong (A/Q)
ϵ
dependence with ϵ depending on the turbulence spectral index, agreeing with theoretical predictions. In contrast, the incorporation of perpendicular diffusion, characterized by a weak A/Q dependence, leads to similar spectra for different ion species. This qualitatively agrees with observations of energetic particles in CIRs.
X-Ray Diagnostics of Cassiopeia A’s “Green Monster”: Evidence for Dense Shocked Circumstellar Plasma
Authors: Vink Jacco , Agarwal Manan , Slane Patrick , De Looze Ilse , Milisavljevic Dan , Patnaude Daniel , Temim Tea 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The recent survey of the core-collapse supernova remnant Cassiopeia A (Cas A) with the MIRI instrument on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) revealed a large structure in the interior region, referred to as the “Green Monster.” Although its location suggests that it is an ejecta structure, the infrared properties of the “Green Monster” hint at a circumstellar medium (CSM) origin. In this companion paper to the JWST Cas A paper, we investigate the filamentary X-ray structures associated with the “Green Monster” using Chandra X-ray Observatory data. We extracted spectra along the “Green Monster” as well as from shocked CSM regions. Both the extracted spectra and a principal component analysis show that the “Green Monster” emission properties are similar to those of the shocked CSM. The spectra are well fit by a model consisting of a combination of a nonequilibrium ionization model and a power-law component, modified by Galactic absorption. All the “Green Monster” spectra show a blueshift corresponding to a radial velocity of around −2300 km s−1, suggesting that the structure is on the near side of Cas A. The ionization age is around n
e
t ≈ 1.5 × 1011 cm−3 s. This translates into a preshock density of ∼12 cm−3, higher than previous estimates of the unshocked CSM. The relatively high n
e
t and relatively low radial velocity suggest that this structure has a relatively high density compared to other shocked CSM plasma. This analysis provides yet another piece of evidence that the CSM around Cas A’s progenitor was not that of a smooth steady wind profile.
Religions et économie : la part bénite
Authors: Simonnot Philippe 
Published: March 2024

L’économiste a-t-il quelque chose à dire sur la religion ? Apparemment rien puisque, en principe, il ne s’occupe que d’intérêts matériels. D’où l’accusation fréquente qui voudrait que l’ homo economicus n’ait que peu de rapports avec la réalité. Cet article, s’insurgeant contre une telle caricature, montre que la science économique est tout à fait capable d’analyser la religion avec ses propres outils, d’autant mieux qu’elle considère, sans se trahir, le besoin humain de donner. Il en résulte un nouvel éclairage des relations entre la religion et l’État, fort utile en ces temps où la question religieuse revient au premier plan de l’actualité .
Les « catégories » de migrants
Authors: Fleury Graff Thibaut 
Published: March 2024

Migrants, migrants économiques, réfugiés, réfugiés de guerre, « sans papiers »… les termes sont nombreux dans le débat public pour dénommer ceux qui migrent. Ces « catégories » de migrants ont souvent des fondements juridiques, et permettent aux États notamment de fixer les conditions d’accueil et de séjour des étrangers. Ces catégories ne sont toutefois pas immuables, et certains appellent à leur redéfinition, en vue de prendre en compte les mouvements migratoires contemporains .
Les inégalités sociales-numériques dans les rapports Nord-Sud
Authors: Granjon Fabien 
Published: March 2024

Le numérique est souvent présenté comme la solution à de nombreux maux, notamment ceux dont souffrent les pays les moins avancés (PMA). Aussi semblerait-il urgent de combler la fracture numérique dans ces territoires, à qui l’on promet ainsi un meilleur développement. Or, ces injonctions à épouser au plus vite la modernité technologique et à atteindre la « connectivité universelle » correspondent davantage aux intérêts bien compris du capitalisme occidental qu’à ceux des pays du « Sud global ». Toutefois, l’idée d’un numérique fondé sur des valeurs environnementales, de justice sociale et un rééquilibrage des rapports de force géopolitiques est une exigence que l’on ne saurait abandonner .
Outcomes for Intermittent Exotropia Using Three Common Surgical Approaches
Authors: Vadhul Raghav , Rogers James D. , Rogers David L. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To compare a single surgeon's surgical outcomes for treating intermittent exotropia using bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR), unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection (RR), and unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication (RP).

Methods:
A retrospective review of all surgeries for basic intermittent exotropia between 2015 and 2023 was performed. Only patients with initial correction using BLR, RR, or RP were included. Exclusion criteria included age older than 18 years, vertical deviation, any nonrefractive ocular diagnoses, prior ocular surgery, and inadequate follow-up.

Results:

There were 460 patients identified; 123 met inclusion criteria with 54 in the BLR group, 41 in the RR group, and 28 in the RP group. The average pre-operative distance alignment (and standard error) values for the BLR, RR, and RP groups were 25.07 (7.35), 22.44 (5.95), and 23.84 (6.42) prism diopters (PD), respectively. At 1 year, the postoperative distance alignment values for the BLR, RR, and RP groups were 8.72 (7.89), 7.46 (6.31), and 12.83 (6.82) PD, respectively (
P
= .03). A subanalysis found a significant difference between the BLR and RP (
P
= .02) and RR and RP (
P
= .02) groups. There was no difference between the BLR and RR groups (
P
= .57).

Conclusions:
This study of three surgical approaches for intermittent exotropia found RP had a significantly larger angle of exodeviation compared to BLR and RR at 1 year of follow-up. Both BLR and RR were equally effective approaches for treating intermittent exotropia.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2024;61(4):287–290.]
How does harvest time affect the major fatty acids and bioactive compounds in hazelnut cultivars (Corylus avellana L.)?
Authors: Balık Hüseyin İrfan , Kayalak Balık Selda , Karakaya Orhan , Ozturk Burhan 
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of harvest time on the protein, oil, fatty acids and bioactive compounds in hazelnut cultivars (Corylus avellana L. cvs. ‘Tombul’, ‘Palaz’, ‘Çakıldak’, ‘Okay 28’ and ‘Allahverdi’). The harvest was carried out at 7 different periods with weekly intervals from 20 July to 31 August. As the harvest time progressed, increases and decreases were detected in protein, oil, fatty acids and bioactive compounds. The highest oil content was measured in the H5 and H6 harvest periods. The highest content was determined in H3 for oleic acid. Higher total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity were obtained in the first 3 harvest periods than in the other periods. The present findings revealed that the protein, fatty acids and bioactive compounds in hazelnut cultivars may differ according to the harvest time. The results obtained will provide clearer ideas to both the industry and the producers about the optimum harvest time for the intended use of these cultivars.
Réexamen du mobilier venant de l’épave d’un navire coulé par les pirates au XVIIIe siècle dans la baie d’Ambodifotatra, île Sainte-Marie, Madagascar
Authors: Soulat Jean , von Arnim Yann , Audard Alexandre , Bry John de , Coulaud Alexandre 
Published: March 2024

Faisant suite aux investigations archéologiques sous-marines menées entre 2000 et 2015 dans la baie d’Ambodifotatra sur l’île Sainte-Marie (Madagascar), une nouvelle mission ayant pour but de mettre en évidence les vestiges terrestres d’une occupation pirate a également eu l’occasion de réexaminer en mai 2022 l’ensemble du mobilier issu d’une épave, un navire coulé par les pirates dont l’identification reste à déterminer. Identifiée dans un premier temps comme le supposé Fiery Dragon coulé en 1721, cette épave a fait l’objet d’un relevé photogrammétrique ainsi que de deux sondages. Ces derniers ont livré une quantité importante de mobilier, dont plus de 2 800 fragments de porcelaine chinoise, de la céramique d’Asie du Sud-Est, des objets métalliques, de la verrerie ainsi que de la faune. Conditionnée, parfois désalinisée, cette collection est déposée au Musée de la Reine Betia sur l’îlot Madame. Néanmoins, aucun inventaire fiable et aucun rapport d’étude n’a jamais été remis aux autorités malgaches. Cet article, issu du rapport rédigé en 2023 par l’équipe de la mission, vise à dévoiler à la communauté scientifique l’intérêt de réexaminer ce mobilier exceptionnel venant d’un contexte pirate du xviiie siècle.
Wie bouwde Brussel? Het profiel van vaklui en ondernemers in de Brusselse bouwsector rond 1865
Authors: Degraeve Matthijs 
Published: March 2024

Vers 1865, Bruxelles était une ville en pleine mutation. De récentes études nous éclairent sur le rôle qu’ont joué divers acteurs dans le développement de la ville, tels que les pouvoirs publics et les propriétaires fonciers. Toutefois, nous en savons encore peu sur les artisans et les entrepreneurs du bâtiment qui ont physiquement façonné la ville. À l’aide des almanachs, registres des patentables, registres des électeurs et matrices cadastrales, cet article met en lumière le profil professionnel, sociodémographique et spatial de 2 445 entrepreneurs du secteur bruxellois de la construction vers 1865. Il s’en détache un groupe très hétérogène, actif dans toute la palette des métiers du bâtiment. Si quelques entrepreneurs fortunés étaient à la tête de grandes entreprises, l’organisation à forte main-d’œuvre et à petite échelle de la plupart des entreprises du bâtiment ouvrit également les portes de l’entrepreneuriat à un groupe considérable d’artisans relativement démunis, y compris des femmes et des migrants. Il en découla aussi une forte dispersion spatiale, permettant à ces entrepreneurs d’opérer sur les chantiers de leur quartier. Ces résultats contribuent à la connaissance historique de la formation du tissu urbain et du patrimoine bruxellois, de même qu’ils situent dans une perspective à long terme le besoin contemporain d’un ancrage local pour le secteur urbain de la construction.
Ethnographier un établissement psychiatrique en qualité d’élève directrice d’hôpital
Authors: Higelin-Cruz Audrey 
Published: March 2024

Cet article se fonde sur un terrain ethnographique de huit semaines en établissement public de santé mentale (EPSM) pendant lesquelles la sociologue a tiré parti de la période de stage d’observation relative à sa formation de directrice d’hôpital pour mener une enquête circonscrite à son établissement de stage, un centre hospitalier parmi les plus grands de France au regard de son budget et de sa file active, pratiquant la psychiatrie générale, la psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent, ainsi que la psychiatrie de la personne âgée. L’objet de cet article est d’interroger les apports et les contraintes relatifs à des conditions d’enquête spécifiques, en prenant en compte les conséquences que ces modalités de réalisation ont eues sur le déroulé et les résultats de l’enquête. La sociologue, insider en cours de socialisation professionnelle, questionne ainsi les avantages et les limites de ce « dédoublement statutaire », avant d’évoquer en quoi les conditions spécifiques de l’enquête ont permis de remettre le concept d’« institution totale » sur le métier.
Nicos Poulantzas : l’État comme rapport social
Authors: Jessop Bob 
Published: March 2024

Cet article offre une vue d’ensemble du parcours intellectuel de N. Poulantzas. Alors fortement influencé par le marxisme structural de Louis Althusser, il s’efforce dans ses textes de la fin des années 1960 (en premier lieu Pouvoir politique et classes sociales) de penser l’État capitaliste en faisant droit à son autonomie relative. Ses travaux de la première moitié des années 1970 portent sur des questions plus concrètes et pratiques (sur le fascisme, la crise des dictatures en Grèce, Portugal et Espagne ; sur les évolutions contemporaines du capitalisme, de l’impérialisme et des classes sociales) qui donnent lieu à d’importantes avancées intellectuelles. Enfin, c’est dans la seconde moitié des années 1970 que les élaborations de N. Poulantzas sont les plus novatrices : il en vient ainsi à concevoir l’État comme un rapport social. Sur cette base, il peut approfondir la perspective stratégique d’une « voie démocratique au socialisme ».
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Elicited Immunity after B Cell Depletion in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Baxter Ryan M , Cabrera-Martinez Berenice , Ghosh Tusharkanti , Rester Cody , Moreno Miguel Guerrero , Borko Tyler L , Selva Sean , Fleischer Chelsie L , Haakonsen Nicola , Mayher Ariana , Bowhay Emily , Evans Courtney , Miller Todd M , Huey Leah , McWilliams Jennifer , van Bokhoven Adrie , Deane Kevin D , Knight Vijaya , Jordan Kimberly R , Ghosh Debashis , Klarquist Jared , Kedl Ross M , Piquet Amanda L , Hsieh Elena W Y 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The impact of B cell deficiency on the humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccination remains a challenging and significant clinical management question. We evaluated vaccine-elicited serological and cellular responses in 1) healthy individuals who were pre-exposed to SARS-CoV-2 (n = 21), 2) healthy individuals who received a homologous booster (mRNA, n = 19; or Novavax, n = 19), and 3) persons with multiple sclerosis on B cell depletion therapy (MS-αCD20) receiving mRNA homologous boosting (n = 36). Pre-exposure increased humoral and CD4 T cellular responses in immunocompetent individuals. Novavax homologous boosting induced a significantly more robust serological response than mRNA boosting. MS-α CD20 had an intact IgA mucosal response and an enhanced CD8 T cell response to mRNA boosting compared with immunocompetent individuals. This enhanced cellular response was characterized by the expansion of only effector, not memory, T cells. The enhancement of CD8 T cells in the setting of B cell depletion suggests a regulatory mechanism between B and CD8 T cell vaccine responses.
Lymphomatoid Papulosis: A Case Report
Authors: Verma Damini , Lakhani Ridhima , Mendiratta Vibhu , Chatterjee Priti 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Lymphomatoid papulosis (LYP) is a chronic CD 30 + lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) which is characterized by chronic, recurrent, and self-healing papulonecrotic or papulonodular skin eruptions, which are clinically benign and histopathologically malignant. It can resolve spontaneously; however, long-term follow-up is essential as it can progress to malignant lymphoma in 10–20% of the patients. We hereby report a case of a 42-year-old male presenting with recurrent papulonecrotic lesions over the face, trunk, and extremities from the last 3 years which heal with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and atrophic scars with a history of treated pulmonary tuberculosis one year back. There was no systemic involvement. LYP, involving cosmetically sensitive area like face, is an infrequent finding.
The Key Areas and Unmet Need of Mentorship Programs in Indian Dermatology: A Survey Based Analysis
Authors: Narayan R Vignesh , Katoch Saloni , Sarkar Rashmi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Mentorship programs for dermatologists have been in vogue in the West for many years, but have been on a hiatus in India. Recently, there is renewed interest, and mentorship programs are gaining momentum across the country to guide and nurture young dermatologists to attain their full potential. However, what constitutes an ideal mentorship program is still an enigma.

Materials and Methods:
We developed a multiple-choice questionnaire (Google-form), enquiring post graduates and dermatologists about their general opinion of mentorship, its key areas and what constituted an ideal mentorship-program. These were distributed via email and WhatsApp and responses were collected over a month’s period. The statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows.

Results:
We received 202 responses and majority of the respondents were private practitioners (32.2%) and post graduate students (29.7%). Respondents felt that mentorship should be undertaken at the beginning of postgraduation (37.1%) or just after its completion (23.8%), and should focus on academic and research related issues (55.0%). Communication (95.5%) was an important factor for the program to be successful, and on an average, must be of seven weeks duration, with a mentor : mentee ratio of 1:2. We found a significant association between the designation of the respondent and their perceived ideal time for a mentorship program (P<0.001, Chi Square Test), seeking of mentorship beyond the program duration (P<0.01, Chi Square Test) and the type of mentorship program (P=0.01, Chi square test).

Conclusion:
Our survey concluded that a well-planned short mentorship program of six to eight weeks duration with a low mentee to mentor ratio with an informal style of mentoring in the formative years of one’s career would be suitable in the Indian Dermatology scenario. Communication and availability emerged as important elements for a successful mentor mentee relationship. The positive effects of a well-planned mentorship program extend beyond its duration and enrich both the mentor and mentee.
High-Resolution Ultrasound in Evaluation of Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients of Hansen’s Disease
Authors: Rai Tulika , Singh Atul M. , Indal Manish , Kumar Ishan 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Hansen’s disease (HD) is a major public health problem in developing countries. It causes peripheral neuropathy, and if left untreated, it leads to deformities. It is important to diagnose such cases early, and prompt treatment should be given to patients to preserve nerve function.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 40 patients with HD who were already on multi-drug therapy (MDT) or treatment-naive were included in this study. These were clinically diagnosed cases of HD as per the Ridley–Jopling classification, and these patients were subjected to high-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS). A total of 19 controls were also included. The patients were clinically evaluated, and HRUS of bilateral ulnar nerves (UNs) was performed in all cases and controls. The other peripheral nerves, if clinically thickened, were evaluated using HRUS.

Results:
The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the UN in cases was significantly thickened as compared to controls. There was no difference in the CSA of patients on MDT as compared to treatment naïve patients. In two patients with pure neuritic HD, the clinical examination missed the bilateral nerve enlargement, and only unilateral nerve thickening was clinically appreciated. However, bilateral thickening was detected on HRUS.

Conclusion:
HRUS is a non-invasive and sensitive diagnostic tool that gives significant information on nerve structure and morphology. HRUS adds a new dimension to diagnosing HD, particularly the pure neuritic type, with the assessment of early nerve damage, which can prevent disabilities. HRUS is an objective diagnostic tool that can complement the clinical examination.
Dermoscopic Perspective of Pityriasis Versicolor in a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vishwanath Tejas , Kapadia Farida M. , Mahajan Sunanda A. , Kharkar Vidya D. , Chikhalkar Siddhi B. , Gole Prachi V. , Iyer Mihir , Shah Avani J. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Pityriasis versicolor is a common superficial fungal infection which is usually easily diagnosed with Wood’s lamp examination and 10% potassium hydroxide mount. However, these modalities have varying sensitivity and specificity.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to ascertain the dermoscopic features of pityriasis versicolor lesionally as well as perilesionally using dermoscopy, a non-invasive diagnostic tool.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, consecutive patients with pityriasis versicolor underwent dermoscopic examination of lesions and 2 cm around lesions, noting lesional and perilesional features. Semi-objective grading of pigmentation, scaling, and vascularity was done. The association between parameters was determined using heat maps and violin plots with Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Lesional analysis was performed since lesions at different sides showed disparate features.

Results:
A total of 353 lesions from 233 patients (males = 150/233; 64.38% and females = 84/234; 36.05%) were studied. On lesional dermoscopy, pigmentary and scaling abnormalities were universal. 258/353 (73.1%) of lesions showed vascular abnormalities. Perilesionally, scaling (223/353; 63.17%) followed by pigmentation (205/353; 58.07%) and vascular changes (111/353; 31.44%) constituted the most common dermoscopic abnormalities and were noted in 294/353 (83.29%) of lesions overall. Increased disease duration corresponded with increased intensity of perilesional pigmentation alterations, perifollicular (P = 0.04), and follicular scales (P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
Awareness of dermoscopic features could improve the diagnostic accuracy in doubtful cases of pityriasis versicolor. Vascular findings are common and may point to an underlying inflammatory pathogenesis. Perilesional findings constitute early dermoscopic features of pityriasis versicolor and hint at the need for treatment beyond the confines of lesions. Larger follow-up studies and research into immunopathogenesis may be of further benefit.