bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
811 The Cytotoxic Effect of CHG, Dial, and Johnson & Johnson on Human Burn Wounds
Authors: Ahmed Rabia , Zajac Jocelyn C , Liu Aiping , Pashaj Joana , Gibson Angela 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and soaps are commonly used to prevent burn wound infections in patients. However, it is thought that these antiseptic reagents may be cytotoxic to human skin and may impede proper healing of burn wounds. We have previously shown profound cytotoxicity of CHG in excisional wounds using an ex vivo human skin model. The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of CHG, Dial, and Johnson & Johnson (J&J) baby soap on cytotoxicity using an ex vivo human skin model of burn.

Methods
Partial thickness burns were created on the skin samples using a customized burn device at 150 °C for 6 seconds (n =3 per condition per time point). The burn wounds were treated daily with either CHG, Dial, J&J, or PBS (phosphate buffered saline) for 20 seconds using a cotton tipped applicator and then aspirated and rinsed using 1 milliliter of PBS 3 times to mimic clinical practice. The tissue samples were then cultured for 7 days in 37 °C with 5% CO2. We used PBS as positive control for cell viability and full thickness boiled samples as negative control for 100% of cell death. The cytotoxicity of CHG, Dial, J&J, was measured using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) staining and an MTT viability assay on days 1 and 7. A two-way ANOVA statistical test was performed on the MTT with additional Tukey analysis between time points and treatment groups.

Results
In this ex vivo human skin model, we observed progressive loss of viability of PBS treated burn wounds indicative of burn progression. For better comparison among groups, in the MTT assays, we corrected for weight and normalized to PBS. We found a significant difference in viability between CHG and PBS on day 7 (p=.0388). In the samples stained with LDH: CHG, Dial, J&J, and PBS all show visible viable tissue on day 1. On day 7, while all samples have viable cells outside of the area of burn injury, the viability has decreased visibly in the cells surrounding the original burn region on both CHG and Dial treated samples. However, there were no significant differences in the overall amount of viable tissue between days or treatment groups.

Conclusions
This study shows that CHG is toxic to the human skin starting from day 1 and leads to loss of viable skin cells extending outside of the original burn region by day 7. When applied to burn wounds for up to 7 days, J&J is less cytotoxic to the skin cells compared to the Dial soap. Additionally, this model may be utilized to study burn wound progression in isolation of perfusion to identify non-vascular mechanisms of burn wound progression.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Although CHG is currently standard-of-care for many burn centers, physicians should take the cytotoxicity of CHG into consideration when using CHG to prevent burn wound infection. Compared to Dial soap, J&J soap may be a good alternative to CHG, because J&J is less cytotoxic to normal skin cells.
Retail Karma: How Our Shopping Sins Influence Evaluation of Service Failures
Authors: Li Ran , Zhang Meng , Aggarwal Pankaj 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Consumers have an intuitive belief in “karma” which dictates that bad (good) actions lead to bad (good) outcomes. Consequently, consumers perceive a causal connection between their own wrongdoing toward a company and a subsequent service failure that they experience in their interactions with another company. Eight experiments employing different contexts consistently show that consumers who have previously wronged a company (compared to those in a control group) evaluate another unrelated company more positively in response to a service failure by this company. We argue that this more positive evaluation is due to the greater blame consumers assign to themselves as dictated by the “karmic beliefs” held by consumers whereby the subsequent poor service by a different firm is seen as a karmic payback for their own prior transgression. The proposed effect is mitigated when a person’s karmic belief is reduced. We also examine a number of alternative explanations (e.g., negative experiences, moral balancing, and immanent justice reasoning) and find that our observed effect is more consistent with a karma-based account.
Lower subjective social status is associated with increased adiposity and self-reported eating in the absence of hunger due to negative affect among children reporting teasing distress
Authors: Cheon Bobby K , Smith Meegan R , Bittner Julia M P , Loch Lucy K , Haynes Hannah E , Bloomer Bess F , Te-Vazquez Jennifer A , Bowling Andrea I , Brady Sheila M , Tanofsky-Kraff Marian , Chen Kong Y , Yanovski Jack A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Low social standing and teasing are independently associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and overeating in children. However, children with low social status may be vulnerable to teasing.

Methods
We tested the statistical interaction of subjective social status (SSS) and subjective socioeconomic status (SSES) and teasing distress on BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) in children (Mage = 13.09 years, SD = 2.50 years; 27.8% overweight/obese). Multiple linear regressions identified the main effects of self-reported SSS (compared to peers in school), distress due to teasing, and their interaction on BMI (n = 115), FMI (n = 114), and child- (n = 100) and parent-reported (n = 97) EAH.

Results
Teasing distress was associated with greater BMI, FMI, and child-reported EAH due to negative affect (a subscale of EAH) and total EAH scores. There were no associations of SSS with these outcomes. However, there was an interaction between SSS and teasing distress for BMI, FMI, and EAH from negative affect such that lower SSS was associated with higher BMI, FMI, and EAH from negative affect in the presence of teasing distress. However, there were no main effects or interactions (with teasing distress) of SSES on the outcomes.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the relationship between lower SSS and increased adiposity and overeating behaviors may be exacerbated by other threats to social standing, such as teasing. Children exposed to multiple social threats may be more susceptible to eating beyond physiological need and obesity than those who experience a single form of perceived social disadvantage.
miR-1972 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation by targeting GZMH-mediated DNA replication in the cell cycle
Authors: Jin Yun , Dai Yihe , Qiao Ou , Hu Pingping , Han Jiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aim
To understand the regulatory roles of miR-1972 and GZMH in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore their potential as therapeutic biomarkers.

Methods
In vitro verification of the regulation of malignant cell behavior by differential expression of miR-1972 in HCC cells. The GSE113996 dataset was studied using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expressed genes respectively to identify the key prognostic gene GZMH and assess the effect of its differential expression on the prognosis of the patient. Finally, the regulation of GZMH expression by miR-1972 was verified, and the effect of their combination on HCC cell behavior was analyzed.

Results
Inhibition of miR-1972 can reduce cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while overexpression of miR-1972 has the opposite effect in HCC cells. According to the data, a positive prognosis for HCC was linked with higher GZMH expression. Interestingly, miR-1972 was observed to reverse-regulate the expression of GZMH. Besides, the combined regulation of GZMH and miR-1972 has been discovered to affect the cell growth, invasive capacity, and migratory potential of HCC cells, especially the cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase.

Conclusions
miR-1972 regulates the malignant behavior of HCC cells, especially cell proliferation, by regulating GZMH expression.
Dare to be resilient: the key to future pesticide-free orchards?
Authors: Serrie Marie , Ribeyre Fabienne , Brun Laurent , Audergon Jean-Marc , Quilot Bénédicte , Roth Morgane 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Considering the urgent need for more sustainable fruit tree production, it is high time to find durable alternatives to the systematic use of phytosanitary products in orchards. To this end, resilience can deliver a number of benefits. Relying on a combination of tolerance, resistance, and recovery traits, disease resilience appears as a cornerstone to cope with the multiple pest and disease challenges over an orchard’s lifetime. Here, we describe resilience as the capacity of a tree to be minimally affected by external disturbances or to rapidly bounce back to normal functioning after being exposed to these disturbances. Based on a literature survey largely inspired from research on livestock, we highlight different approaches for dissecting phenotypic and genotypic components of resilience. In particular, multisite experimental designs and longitudinal measures of so-called ‘resilience biomarkers’ are required. We identified a list of promising biomarkers relying on ecophysiological and digital measurements. Recent advances in high-throughput phenotyping and genomics tools will likely facilitate fine scale temporal monitoring of tree health, allowing identification of resilient genotypes with the calculation of specific resilience indicators. Although resilience could be considered as a ‘black box’ trait, we demonstrate how it could become a realistic breeding goal.
Unique photosynthetic strategies employed by closely related Breviolum minutum strains under rapid short-term cumulative heat stress
Authors: Deore Pranali , Tsang Min Ching Sarah Jane , Nitschke Matthew R , Rudd David , Brumley Douglas R , Hinde Elizabeth , Blackall Linda L , van Oppen Madeleine J H 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The thermal tolerance of symbiodiniacean photo-endosymbionts largely underpins the thermal bleaching resilience of their cnidarian hosts such as corals and the coral model Exaiptasia diaphana. While variation in thermal tolerance between species is well documented, variation between conspecific strains is understudied. We compared the thermal tolerance of three closely related strains of Breviolum minutum represented by two internal transcribed spacer region 2 profiles (one strain B1–B1o–B1g–B1p and the other two strains B1–B1a–B1b–B1g) and differences in photochemical and non-photochemical quenching, de-epoxidation state of photopigments, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species under rapid short-term cumulative temperature stress (26–40 °C). We found that B. minutum strains employ distinct photoprotective strategies, resulting in different upper thermal tolerances. We provide evidence for previously unknown interdependencies between thermal tolerance traits and photoprotective mechanisms that include a delicate balancing of excitation energy and its dissipation through fast relaxing and state transition components of non-photochemical quenching. The more thermally tolerant B. minutum strain (B1–B1o–B1g–B1p) exhibited an enhanced de-epoxidation that is strongly linked to the thylakoid membrane melting point and possibly membrane rigidification minimizing oxidative damage. This study provides an in-depth understanding of photoprotective mechanisms underpinning thermal tolerance in closely related strains of B. minutum.
Asteroseismology of three evolved stars in M67: testing systematic biases in seismic masses and ages
Authors: Li (李坦达) Tanda , Bi (毕少兰) Shaolan , Davies Guy R , Bedding Timothy R , Li (李亚光) Yaguang , Stello Dennis , Reyes Claudia 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Asteroseismology can precisely characterize stars, but the accuracy of seismic inference is still an open question. In this work, we use three evolved stars, including one late subgiant (EPIC 211411922) and two young red giants (EPIC 211409560 and EPIC 211416749) in the open cluster M67 to validate seismic inferences of stellar mass and age. We start by measuring oscillation mode frequencies and identifying acoustic and mixed modes in all three stars. We then fit the stars to determine their masses and ages with a detailed modelling approach. Our age estimates for all stars agree well with the literature consensus age range of M67 (3.0–5.0 Gyr). Mass estimates for EPIC 211411922 and EPIC 211409560 are sensible because they are slightly higher than the typical turn-off mass of the cluster. The inferred mass for EPIC 211416749 is underestimated by 5–10 per cent compared with the turn-off mass, but this could be caused by poor data quality. Our results indicate that the detailed modelling can determine sensible masses and ages for evolved stars near the base of the red giant branch.
GHOST commissioning science results – III. Characterizing an iron-poor damped Lyman α system
Authors: Berg Trystyn A M , Hayes Christian R , Cristiani Stefano , McConnachie Alan , Robertson J Gordon , Sestito Federico , Simpson Chris , Waller Fletcher , Chin Timothy , Densmore Adam , Diaz Ruben J , Edgar Michael L , Fuentes Lettura Javier , Gómez-Jiménez Manuel , Kalari Venu M , Lawrence Jon , Margheim Steven , Pazder John , Ruiz-Carmona Roque , Salinas Ricardo , Silva Karleyne M G , Silversides Katherine , Venn Kim A 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
The Gemini High-resolution Optical SpecTrograph (GHOST) is a new Echelle spectrograph available on the Gemini-South telescope as of Semester 2024A. We present the first high-resolution spectrum of the quasar J1449−1227 (redshift zem = 3.27) using data taken during the commissioning of GHOST. The observed quasar hosts an intervening iron-poor {[Fe/H] = −2.5} damped Lyman α system (DLA) at redshift z = 2.904. Taking advantage of the high spectral resolving power of GHOST (R ≈ 55 000), we are able to accurately model the metal absorption lines of the metal-poor DLA and find a supersolar [Si/Fe], suggesting that the DLA gas is in an early stage of chemical enrichment. Using simple ionization models, we find that the large range in the C iv/Si iv column density ratio of individual components within the DLA’s high-ionization absorption profile can be reproduced by several metal-poor Lyman limit systems surrounding the low-ionization gas of the DLA. It is possible that this metal-poor DLA resides within a complex system of metal-poor galaxies or filaments with inflowing gas. The high spectral resolution, wavelength coverage, and sensitivity of GHOST make it an ideal spectrograph for characterizing the chemistry and kinematics of quasar absorption lines.
Four changing look active galactic nuclei found from optical variations
Authors: Zhu Li-Tao , Li Jie , Wang Zhongxiang , Zhang Ju-Jia 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
We report the finding of four changing look (CL) Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). We selected these sources due to their potential as interesting targets when considering their relatively large optical flux variations and related mid-infrared flux variations. To identify their CL feature, we use archival spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) taken at least 8 yr ago as well as spectra taken recently from the Transient Name Server (TNS) and with the 2.4-m LiJiang telescope (LJT). We study the sources’ spectral changes by fitting and determining the Hα and Hβ components and verify their CL behaviour. When comparing the TNS and/or LJT spectra to the SDSS ones, all four sources showed the appearance of a broad or a stronger broad Hα component and a relatively weak broad Hβ component. As two of the four sources are established to have a brighter-and-bluer feature in the photometric data, during the time periods in which the TNS and LJT spectra were taken, this feature likely accompanied the turn-on of the broad components. Thus, we suggest that this brighter-and-bluer feature can be used as a criterion for efficiently finding CL sources among previously spectroscopically classified type 2 AGN, such as from among the sources provided by the SDSS.
Deep-PK: deep learning for small molecule pharmacokinetic and toxicity prediction
Authors: Myung Yoochan , de Sá Alex G C , Ascher David B 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Evaluating pharmacokinetic properties of small molecules is considered a key feature in most drug development and high-throughput screening processes. Generally, pharmacokinetics, which represent the fate of drugs in the human body, are described from four perspectives: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion—all of which are closely related to a fifth perspective, toxicity (ADMET). Since obtaining ADMET data from in vitro, in vivo or pre-clinical stages is time consuming and expensive, many efforts have been made to predict ADMET properties via computational approaches. However, the majority of available methods are limited in their ability to provide pharmacokinetics and toxicity for diverse targets, ensure good overall accuracy, and offer ease of use, interpretability and extensibility for further optimizations. Here, we introduce Deep-PK, a deep learning-based pharmacokinetic and toxicity prediction, analysis and optimization platform. We applied graph neural networks and graph-based signatures as a graph-level feature to yield the best predictive performance across 73 endpoints, including 64 ADMET and 9 general properties. With these powerful models, Deep-PK supports molecular optimization and interpretation, aiding users in optimizing and understanding pharmacokinetics and toxicity for given input molecules. The Deep-PK is freely available at https://biosig.lab.uq.edu.au/deeppk/.
Proximal telomeric decompaction due to telomere shortening drives FOXC1-dependent myocardial senescence
Authors: Li Bin , Xiong Weiyao , Zuo Wu , Shi Yuanyuan , Wang Teng , Chang Lingling , Wu Yueheng , Ma Heng , Bian Qian , Chang Alex C Y 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Telomeres, TTAGGGn DNA repeat sequences located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, play a pivotal role in aging and are targets of DNA damage response. Although we and others have demonstrated presence of short telomeres in genetic cardiomyopathic and heart failure cardiomyocytes, little is known about the role of telomere lengths in cardiomyocyte. Here, we demonstrate that in heart failure patient cardiomyocytes, telomeres are shortened compared to healthy controls. We generated isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) with short telomeres (sTL-CMs) and normal telomeres (nTL-CMs) as model. Compared to nTL-CMs, short telomeres result in cardiac dysfunction and expression of senescent markers. Using Hi-C and RNASeq, we observe that short telomeres induced TAD insulation decrease near telomeric ends and this correlated with a transcription upregulation in sTL-CMs. FOXC1, a key transcription factor involved in early cardiogenesis, was upregulated in sTL-CMs and its protein levels were negatively correlated with telomere lengths in heart failure patients. Overexpression of FOXC1 induced hiPSC-CM aging, mitochondrial and contractile dysfunction; knockdown of FOXC1 rescued these phenotypes. Overall, the work presented demonstrate that increased chromatin accessibility due to telomere shortening resulted in the induction of FOXC1-dependent expression network responsible for contractile dysfunction and myocardial senescence.
DetSpace: a web server for engineering detectable pathways for bio-based chemical production
Authors: Martín Lázaro Hèctor , Marín Bautista Ricardo , Carbonell Pablo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Tackling climate change challenges requires replacing current chemical industrial processes through the rational and sustainable use of biodiversity resources. To that end, production routes to key bio-based chemicals for the bioeconomy have been identified. However, their production still remains inefficient in terms of titers, rates, and yields; because of the hurdles found when scaling up. In order to make production more efficient, strategies like automated screening and dynamic pathway regulation through biosensors have been applied as part of strain optimization. However, to date, no systematic way exists to design a genetic circuit that is responsive to concentrations of a given target compound. Here, the DetSpace web server provides a set of integrated tools that allows a user to select and design a biological circuit that performs the sensing of a molecule of interest by its enzymatic conversion to a detectable molecule through a transcription factor. In that way, the DetSpace web server allows synthetic biologists to easily design biosensing routes for the dynamic regulation of metabolic pathways in applications ranging from genetic circuits design, screening, production, and bioremediation of bio-based chemicals, to diagnostics and drug delivery.
Gut dysbiosis impairs intestinal renewal and lipid absorption in Scarb2 deficiency-associated neurodegeneration
Authors: Li Yinghui , Liu Xingchen , Sun Xue , Li Hui , Wang Shige , Tian Wotu , Xiang Chen , Zhang Xuyuan , Zheng Jiajia , Wang Haifang , Zhang Liguo , Cao Li , Wong Catherine C L , Liu Zhihua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (SCARB2) is linked to Gaucher disease and Parkinson’s disease. Deficiency in the SCARB2 gene causes progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME), a rare group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases characterized by myoclonus. We found that Scarb2 deficiency in mice leads to age-dependent dietary lipid malabsorption, accompanied with vitamin E deficiency. Our investigation revealed that Scarb2 deficiency is associated with gut dysbiosis and an altered bile acid pool, leading to hyperactivation of FXR in intestine. Hyperactivation of FXR impairs epithelium renewal and lipid absorption. Patients with SCARB2 mutations have a severe reduction in their vitamin E levels and cannot absorb dietary vitamin E. Finally, inhibiting FXR or supplementing vitamin E ameliorates the neuromotor impairment and neuropathy in Scarb2 knockout mice. These data indicate that gastrointestinal dysfunction is associated with SCARB2 deficiency-related neurodegeneration, and SCARB2-associated neurodegeneration can be improved by addressing the nutrition deficits and gastrointestinal issues.
Precarious Transitions: How Precarious Employment Shapes Parental Coresidence among Young Adults
Authors: Lei Lei , Mai Quan D 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The rise of precarious work generates important questions about how this mode of employment might affect young workers’ transition to adulthood, particularly their decision to live independently. Existing demographic literature has considered the impact of unemployment on parental coresidence but overlooked the potential influence of precarious employment. Yet, features of precarious employment might matter for young adults’ residential arrangements. Our paper provides a theoretical framework linking precarious work to parental coresidence. Specifically, we outline three mechanisms that underlie this relationship: low pay, meager benefits, and short job tenure. Using longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth from 2005 to 2017, we provide empirical support for our model. We found that precariously employed young adults are more likely than their peers in standard jobs to live with their parents. About a third of this effect can be accounted for by the three theorized mechanisms. Our research contributes to the growing literature demonstrating the impact of economic insecurity on the workplace and family, the two essential arenas of social life.