bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the effects of four antiarrhythmic treatments for familial ventricular arrhythmias in Boxers
Authors: Meurs Kathryn M. , Spier Alan W. , Wright Nicola A. , Atkins Clarke E. , DeFrancesco Teresa C. , Gordon Sonya G. , Hamlin Robert L. , Keene Bruce W. , Miller Matthew W. , Moise N. Sydney 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the effect of 4 antiarrhythmic
treatment protocols on number of ventricular premature
complexes (VPC), severity of arrhythmia, heart
rate (HR), and number of syncopal episodes in Boxers
with ventricular tachyarrhythmias.

Design—Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Animals—49 Boxers.

Procedure—Dogs with > 500 VPC/24 h via 24-hour
ambulatory ECG (AECG) were treated with atenolol
(n = 11), procainamide (11), sotalol (16), or mexiletine
and atenolol (11) for 21 to 28 days. Results of pre- and
posttreatment AECG were compared with regard to
number of VPC/24 h; maximum, mean, and minimum
HR; severity of arrhythmia; and occurrence of syncope.

Results—Significant differences between pre- and
posttreatment number of VPC, severity of arrhythmia,
HR variables, or occurrence of syncope were not
observed in dogs treated with atenolol or procainamide.
Significant reductions in number of VPC,
severity of arrythmia, and maximum and mean HR
were observed in dogs treated with mexiletineatenolol
or sotalol; occurrence of syncope was not significantly
different between these 2 treatment groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treatment
with sotalol or mexiletine-atenolol was well tolerated
and efficacious. Treatment with procainamide or
atenolol was not effective. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;221:522–527)
Effect of hemi-circumferential periosteal transection and elevation in foals with experimentally induced angular limb deformities
Authors: Read Emma K. , Read Matt R. , Townsend Hugh G. , Clark Christopher R. , Pharr John W. , Wilson David G. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effect of hemi-circumferential periosteal transection and elevation (HCPTE) in foals with experimentally induced angular limb deformities.Design—Prospective study.Animals—10 healthy foals.Procedure—When foals were 30 days old, transphyseal bridge implants were placed on the lateral aspects of both distal radial physes. At 90 days of age (or when 15 degrees of angulation had developed), implants were removed, and HCPTE was performed on 1 limb. Foals were confined in small pens after surgery; the front feet of the foals were rasped weekly to maintain medial-to-lateral hoof wall balance. Dorsopalmar radiographic projections of the carpi were obtained before HCPTE and 2, 4, 6, 8, and 48 weeks later.Results—At the time of transphyseal bridge removal and HCPTE, both treated and control limbs were observed to have a significantly greater carpal valgus, compared with the initial degree of angulation at 30 days of age. Following HCPTE or sham surgery, all limbs straightened over the subsequent 2 months of the study. Median angulation was not significantly different between treated and control limbs at any time during the study.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that in foals with experimentally induced limb deformities, HCPTE was no more effective than stall confinement and hoof trimming alone for correction of the deformity. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:536–540)
Jejunoileal anastomosis following small intestinal resection in horses: seven cases (1999–2001)
Authors: Loesch Dawn A. , Rodgerson Dwayne H. , Haines Gregory R. , Watt Bruce C. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To report the postoperative outcome in
horses undergoing jejunoileal anastomosis performed
with a 2-layer simple continuous technique.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—7 horses.

Procedure—Information regarding signalment, clinical
signs, findings at surgery, and postoperative complications
was obtained from medical records of horses
that underwent exploratory ventral midline celiotomy,
small intestinal resection, and jejunoileal anastomosis
to correct various small intestinal strangulating
lesions. Follow-up information was obtained via telephone
conversations with owners or trainers.

Results—Six males and 1 female of various breeds
aged 10 months to 27 years and weighing 312 to 785 kg
(686.4 to 1,727 lb) were included. The most common
complications were mild to moderate tachycardia and
mild to moderate signs of abdominal pain. Two horses
developed incisional infections and soft, fluctuant
swelling at the incision site following resolution of the
infection. Follow-up time ranged from 7 to 17 months
after surgery. Owners reported no further colic episodes
and no diet change necessary following surgery. All
horses had returned to their intended level of use.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Advantages to
the jejunoileal technique include maintaining the normal
ileocecal valve and a postoperative recovery period
similar to that described following other small
intestinal anastomoses. Jejunoileal anastomosis is a
viable alternative to ileal bypass. This technique
appears to result in a postoperative complication rate
similar to that reported following jejunojejunostomy
procedures. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;221:541–545)
Open versus closed bilateral anal sacculectomy for treatment of non-neoplastic anal sac disease in dogs: 95 cases (1969–1994)
Authors: Hill Lawrence N. , Smeak Daniel D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine complications associated with anal sacculectomy in dogs with non-neoplastic anal sac disease and compare complication rates for open versus closed techniques.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—95 dogs.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed for information on signalment, history, physical examination findings, type of anal sac disease, surgical technique (closed, standard open [surgery performed prior to 1980], or modified open [surgery performed after 1980]), and postoperative complications.Results—In 57 dogs, a closed technique was used, and in 38, an open technique was used. Only 3 dogs developed short-term complications (excessive drainage, scooting and inflammation, and seroma formation), and 14 developed long-term complications (continued licking of the surgery site, fecal incontinence, fistulation, and stricture formation). Development of postoperative complications was significantly associated with surgical technique. Dogs that underwent standard open sacculectomy prior to 1980 were 13.67 times as likely to have a long-term complication as were dogs that underwent closed sacculectomy. Weight of the dog, type of anal sac disease, age at the time of surgery, and whether the wound was closed surgically were not significantly associated with whether dogs developed postoperative complications.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that anal sacculectomy is a safe and effective treatment for non-neoplastic anal sac disease in dogs and is associated with a low rate of complications. The standard open technique was associated with the greatest number of complications, whereas complication rates for the closed and modified open techniques were similar to each other. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:662–665)
Risk factors, prognostic indicators, and outcome of pyothorax in cats: 80 cases (1986–1999)
Authors: Waddell Lori S. , Brady Colleen A. , Drobatz Kenneth J. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To identify risk factors associated with
development of pyothorax in cats, assess survival
rates for cats that are treated, determine prognostic
indicators, and determine recurrence rates.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—80 cats with pyothorax and 212 control
cats.

Procedure—History; month of evaluation; physical
examination findings; results of hematologic, serum
biochemical, and retrovirus testing; radiographic findings;
outcome; recurrence rate; and necropsy findings
were recorded. For control cats, age, sex,
breed, indoor versus outdoor status, vaccination history,
and single- versus multi-cat household status
were recorded.

Results—Cats from multi-cat households were 3.8
times as likely (95% confidence interval, 1.9 to 8.2) to
develop pyothorax, compared with cats from singlecat
households. Indoor or outdoor status was not a
risk factor. Cats with pyothorax were significantly
younger (mean, 3.83 ± 3.43 years) than controls
(mean, 5.62 ± 5.27 years). Nonsurvivors had significantly
lower heart rates than survivors. Hypersalivation
was significantly more common in nonsurvivors
(11/39; 26.8%) than survivors (1/39; 3%).
Overall, 48.8% (39/80) of cats survived. When cats
that were euthanatized without treatment were
excluded from analyses, the survival rate was 66.1%
(39/59). Pyothorax recurred in 1 of 17 cats for which
follow-up information was obtained.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cats with
pyothorax that received treatment had a fair to good
prognosis, with low recurrence rates in survivors.
Hypersalivation and low heart rate were associated
with worse clinical outcome. Cats with pyothorax
were likely to come from multi-cat households. (J Am
Vet Med Assoc 2002;221:819–824)
Evaluation of the relationship between injuries and size of gestation stalls relative to size of sows
Authors: Anil Leena , Anil Sukumarannair S. , Deen John 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether there is a relationship
between sow injuries and size of gestation stalls
relative to sow size.

Design—Prospective study.

Animals—267 pregnant sows.

Procedure—Sows were randomly selected from 4
swine farms. Sow and stall measurements were
obtained, and injuries were scored on the basis of location,
number, and depth. Ratios of stall length to sow
length and stall width to sow height were calculated.

Results—High injury scores were associated with
low ratios of stall length to sow length and stall width
to sow height.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A small increase
in stall dimensions could reduce injuries and improve
well-being of sows considerably. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2002;221:834–836)
Use of rocuronium for endotracheal intubation of North American Gulf Coast box turtles
Authors: Kaufman Gretchen E. , Seymour Rosemarie E. , Bonner Barbara B. , Court Michael H. , Karas Alicia Z. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether rocuronium, a
reversible neuromuscular blocking agent, would provide
safe, short-term immobilization to facilitate endotracheal
intubation in turtles.

Design—Prospective study.

Animals—30 healthy adult Gulf Coast box turtles.

Procedure—Turtles were given rocuronium, and
responses were recorded every 3 minutes. Times
to onset of effects, intubation, and recovery were
recorded and analyzed for associations with dose
and patient characteristics to determine an optimal
dose range. Neostigmine and glycopyrrolate were
given to augment recovery from neuromuscular
blockade.

Results—Rocuronium administered at a dose of
0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg (0.11 to 0.23 mg/lb), IM, permitted
intubation; lower doses were not effective.
Mean ± SD time to loss of the palpebral reflex was
6.4 ± 4.0 minutes, and mean time to intubation was
9.2 ± 6.4 minutes. Mean time to return of the palpebral
reflex was 44 ± 13.2 minutes, and mean time to
walking was 55 ± 16.6 minutes. Time to onset of
effects was not associated with dose, but recovery
times were prolonged with higher doses of rocuronium.
Cardiac arrhythmias were observed in 13
(43%) turtles.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration
of rocuronium at a dose of 0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg is
a safe and effective adjunct to general anesthesia in
Gulf Coast box turtles. Because rocuronium does
not provide any analgesic or sedative effects, the
duration of neuromuscular blockade without anesthesia
should be minimized to avoid undue distress.
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;222:1111–1115)
Seroprevalence of antibodies against Leishmania spp among dogs in the United States
Authors: Grosjean Nicole L. , Vrable Ruth A. , Murphy Alice J. , Mansfield Linda S. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine seroprevalence of antibodies
against Leishmania spp among dogs other than
Foxhounds in the United States.

Design—Cross-sectional study.

Sample Population—957 serum samples from dogs
throughout the United States submitted between
January 2000 and August 2001 to the Diagnostic
Center for Population and Animal Health at Michigan
State University for serologic testing for tick-borne
diseases.

Procedure—Samples were tested for antibodies
against Leishmania spp with an immunofluorescent
antibody (IFA) assay. Samples with positive results
were submitted to the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention for confirmatory testing.

Results—Results of the IFA assay were negative for
939 of 957 samples. For 16 samples, titers were from
1:16 to 1:64, and titers in these dogs were considered
likely to be a result of cross-reactivity with antibodies
directed against other organisms. For the
remaining 2 samples, the titers were ≥ 1:128. One of
these samples was from a blood donor dog that had
never had any clinical signs of leishmaniasis. Followup
samples from both dogs also had Leishmania IFA
titers ≥ 1:128. Both dogs had antibodies against
Trypanosoma cruzi, as determined with a radioimmunoprecipitation
assay.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested
that the seroprevalence of antibodies against
Leishmania spp in dogs in the United States was low.
However, results further suggested that leishmaniasis
may not be limited to Foxhounds in the United
States. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;222:603–606)
Evaluation of frequent milkout for treatment of cows with experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis
Authors: Leininger Dagny J. , Roberson Jerry R. , Elvinger François , Ward Daniel , Akers R. Michael 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effect of frequent milkout (FMO) on the outcome of experimentally inducedEscherichia colimastitis in cows.Design—Randomized complete block study.Animals—16 Holstein dairy cows.Procedure—Cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups and were either not infected and not treated (NI-NT), experimentally infected withE coliand not treated (EC-NT), not infected and FMO (NI-FMO), or experimentally infected withE coliand FMO (EC-FMO). The infected quarter in cows in FMO groups was milked out every 4 hours from 16 to 36 hours and every 6 hours from 36 to 84 hours after challenge, with the aid of oxytocin administration. Somatic cell counts (SCC); times to bacterial, clinical, and systemic cures; and serum concentrations of α-lactalbumin were determined.Results—Use of FMO did not appear to affect SCC. For EC-NT and EC-FMO groups, mean bacterial cure times were 203 and 159 hours, clinical cure times were 276 and 360 hours, and systemic cure times were 144 and 159 hours, respectively; these times were not significantly different. Concentrations of α-lactalbumin were significantly increased in the EC-NT group at 12 hours and in the NI-FMO group at 36 and 60 hours after challenge, compared with values of cows in other treatment groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Compared with results in control cows, FMO does not appear to be an efficacious treatment for experimentally induced moderate to severeE colimastitis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:63–66)
Trends in national surveillance for rabies among bats in the United States (1993–2000)
Authors: Mondul Alison M. , Krebs John W. , Childs James E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To describe surveillance trends and epidemiologic features of rabies in bats in the United States, focusing on 3 bat species primarily associated with variants of the rabies virus that affect humans.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—31,380 bats.Procedure—Data on rabies for bats identified to species and reported by state laboratories from 1993 to 2000 were analyzed, focusing on silver-haired, eastern pipistrelle, and Brazilian free-tailed bats. Categoric variables were derived from other provided information.Results—Data were reported from 37 states during the study interval; complete species-specific data were not reported by any state for the entire interval. Bats primarily associated with rabies virus variants affecting humans were more likely to yield positive test results for rabies (22.7%), compared with all other bats (5.5%) in most seasons and from most regions of the United States. However, certain other bat species had higher percentages of positive results. Risk of positive results was highest in the fall and highest among bats originating in the southwestern United States.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Increased risk of rabies among certain groups of bat species was consistently found across seasons and most geographic regions of the United States. Results were in general agreement with those of previous studies conducted within smaller geographic regions. There are ongoing efforts to improve surveillance of rabies in bats, although surveillance is incomplete in some regions. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222: 633–639)
Desmitis of the straight sesamoidean ligament in horses: 9 cases (1995–1997)
Authors: Schneider Robert K. , Tucker Russell L. , Habegger Scott R. , Brown Jennifer , Leathers Charles W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical signs, diagnostic findings, and outcome for horses with desmitis of the straight sesamoidean ligament (SSL) near its insertion on the middle phalanx.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—9 horses.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed, and information on signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnostic findings, and treatment was obtained. Followup information was obtained through telephone conversations with owners.Results—In all horses, the diagnosis was made by use of high-resolution ultrasonography. Seven horses had moderate lameness on initial examination; lameness was exacerbated in 6 horses following flexion of the distal limb joints. The cause of lameness could not be determined on the basis of clinical signs, and diagnostic local anesthesia was necessary to localize the source of lameness to the distal portion of the limb. Five horses had forelimb involvement (1 bilateral), and 4 had hind limb involvement (1 bilateral). Treatment consisted primarily of a 6-month rest and rehabilitation program. Six of the 9 horses were able to return to their intended use.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that injury to the SSL proximal to its insertion on the middle phalanx should be considered as a possible cause of lameness in horses, particularly performance horses, with lameness localized to the distal portion of the forelimb or hind limb that do not have any radiographic abnormalities. High-resolution ultrasonography was necessary to make the diagnosis. Horses with an acute injury appeared to have a reasonable chance of responding to treatment and returning to their intended use. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:973–977)
Use of a polymerase chain reaction assay to detect bovine leukosis virus in dairy cattle
Authors: Nagy Dusty W. , Tyler Jeff W. , Kleiboeker Steven B. , Stoker Aaron 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the use of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in detecting bovine leukosis virus (BLV) in adult dairy cows.Design—Prospective study.Animals—223 adult dairy cows.Procedure—Cows were tested for BLV status by use of an ELISA and a PCR assay. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values of positive and negative tests, and the percentage of cows correctly classified by PCR assay were calculated. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals were calculated for sensitivity and specificity.Results—Sensitivity and specificity were 0.672 and 1.00, respectively. Prevalence of BLV in this herd was 0.807. Predictive value of a positive test was 1.00, and predictive value of a negative test was 0.421. The percentage of cows correctly classified by PCR assay was 73.5%.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A positive PCR assay result provided definitive evidence that a cow was infected with BLV. Sensitivity and negative predictive value for PCR assay were low. Consequently, PCR assay alone is unreliable for routine detection of BLV in herds with high prevalence of the disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:983–985)
Taurine deficiency in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy: 12 cases (1997–2001)
Authors: Fascetti Andrea J. , Reed John R. , Rogers Quinton R. , Backus Robert C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine signalment, history, clinical signs, blood and plasma taurine concentrations, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings, treatment, and outcome of dogs with low blood or plasma taurine concentrations and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).Design—Retrospective study.Animals—12 client-owned dogs with low blood or plasma taurine concentrations and DCM.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed, and clinical data were obtained.Results—All 12 dogs were being fed a commercial dry diet containing lamb meal, rice, or both as primary ingredients. Cardiac function and plasma taurine concentration improved with treatment and taurine supplementation. Seven of the 12 dogs that were still alive at the time of the study were receiving no cardiac medications except taurine.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that consumption of certain commercial diets may be associated with low blood or plasma taurine concentrations and DCM in dogs. Taurine supplementation may result in prolonged survival times in these dogs, which is not typical for dogs with DCM. Samples should be submitted for measurement of blood and plasma taurine concentrations in dogs with DCM, and taurine supplementation is recommended while results of these analyses are pending. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:1137–1141)
Evaluation of cardiac function in active and hibernating grizzly bears
Authors: Nelson O. Lynne , McEwen Margaret-Mary , Robbins Charles T. , Felicetti Laura , Christensen William F. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate cardiac function parameters
in a group of active and hibernating grizzly bears.

Design—Prospective study.

Animals—6 subadult grizzly bears.

Procedure—Indirect blood pressure, a 12-lead ECG,
and a routine echocardiogram were obtained in each
bear during the summer active phase and during
hibernation.

Results—All measurements of myocardial contractility
were significantly lower in all bears during hibernation,
compared with the active period. Mean rate of
circumferential left ventricular shortening, percentage
fractional shortening, and percentage left ventricular
ejection fraction were significantly lower in bears during
hibernation, compared with the active period.
Certain indices of diastolic function appeared to indicate
enhanced ventricular compliance during the
hibernation period. Mean mitral inflow ratio and isovolumic
relaxation time were greater during hibernation.
Heart rate was significantly lower for hibernating
bears, and mean cardiac index was lower but not significantly
different from cardiac index during the
active phase. Contrary to results obtained in hibernating
rodent species, cardiac index was not significantly
correlated with heart rate.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cardiac function
parameters in hibernating bears are opposite to
the chronic bradycardic effects detected in nonhibernating
species, likely because of intrinsic cardiac muscle
adaptations during hibernation. Understanding
mechanisms and responses of the myocardium during
hibernation could yield insight into mechanisms of
cardiac function regulation in various disease states in
nonhibernating species. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;223:1170–1175)