bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenoviral infection in infant tree shrews
Authors: Schoeb Trenton R. , DaRif Craig A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
An epizootic of fatal illness among infant common tree shrews (Tupaia glis) occurred in a research colony. Affected tree shrews were dehydrated, and ingested milk substitute remained in their stomachs for several hours without being digested. Twelve of 15 tree shrews born during a 3-month period died. The 4 tree shrews we were able to examine had intranuclear inclusions in the epithelium of the stomach and intestines, with mild to moderate multifocal necrosis. One tree shrew also had nasal epithelial inclusions and multiple foci of hepatocellular and biliary necrosis, with inclusions. The causative virus was identified as an adenovirus.
Listeriosis in seven bushy-tailed jirds
Authors: Tappe James P. , Chandler Francis W. , Westrom Wendy K. , Liu Si-kwang , Dolensek Emil P. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Listeriosis was diagnosed in 7 bushy-tailed jirds (Sekeetamys calurus). Death in all cases was acute, and there were no clinical signs. Necropsy revealed necrotizing lesions in the liver, intestines, spleen, and hepatic and mesenteric lymph nodes. On histologic examination large numbers of gram-positive coccobacilli were seen in the lesions. Pneumonitis was seen in 6 jirds, and small numbers of bacteria were seen in the lungs in all cases except one. Diagnosis was based on bacterial culture of the liver in 2 jirds and on immunofluorescence of bacteria when tissue specimens from 2 other jirds were stained with fluorescein-labelled antiglobulins specific for Listeria monocytogenes.
Idiopathic skeletal muscle necrosis in bluegills
Authors: Zimmer Mark A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Skeletal muscle degeneration and necrosis in a wild population of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) were investigated. Hemorrhage and large areas of muscle necrosis were evident at necropsy. Histologically, muscle fibers were granular, vacuolated, and fragmented. Ultrastructural alterations included mitochondrial swelling, clumping and loss of actin and myosin fibrils, swelling of T tubules, and loss of continuity of the sarcolemma. An etiologic agent was not identified.
Uterine prolapse and hypocalcemia in dairy cows
Authors: Risco Carlos A. , Reynolds James P. , Hird David 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Blood samples were collected from 53 dairy cows with uterine prolapse and from 53 cows with normal parturition (no uterine prolapse) matched by dairy as controls for various management programs among dairies. Cows with uterine prolapse had significantly lower total serum calcium content than did controls (P<0.01). Mean (±sem) serum calcium content (mg/dl) for affected cows and controls were 6.08 ( ± 0.25) and 6.96 ( ± 0.20), respectively. Severe hypocalcemia (<4 mg/dl) was found in 10 (19%) of the affected cows, compared with 1 (1.8%) of the controls. Fifteen (28%) of the affected cows had moderate hypocalcemia (4.1 to 6.0 mg/dl), compared with 14 (26%) of the controls; 19 (36%) of the affected cows were mildly hypocalcémie (6.1 to 7.9 mg/dl), compared with 25 (47%) of the controls. Nine (17%) of the affected cows and 13 (25%) of the controls were within the normal range of calcium content (>8 mg/dl). Nine of the affected cows were first-calf cows. The serum of these animals did not have significantly lower calcium concentrations, compared with controls matched by parity. Serum calcium values (mg/dl) for 9 first-calf cows and the 9 matched controls were 7.24 (±0.42) and 7.00 (±0.39), respectively. It was concluded that hypocalcemia was associated with uterine prolapse in multiparous dairy cows and, along with other factors, is involved as an etiologic factor for this puerperal condition.
Pathogenicity of a modified-live pseudorabies vaccine virus in lambs
Authors: Clark L. Kirk , Molitor Thomas W. , Gunther Roland , Joo Han Soo 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Subcutaneous injections of modified-live pseudo-rabies virus (prv) vaccine into lambs caused clinical signs and death within 1 week after injection in 4 of 5 inoculated lambs. The clinical signs included depression, high fever, muscle fasciculations and convulsions, occasionally followed by death within 48 hours of the initial clinical signs. Histologic examinations and virus isolation procedures demonstrated prv in the cns of infected lambs. Sera from sick lambs remained negative for prv antibodies. Two subsequent serial passages of the vaccine virus in lambs resulted in similar clinical signs and death in 6 of 10 inoculated lambs. Again, prv was isolated from tissues of sick lambs, and the histopathologic findings were characteristic of the disease. Affected lambs remained seronegative to prv, as did lambs that remained clinically normal after inoculation. There was no evidence of prv transmission to uninoculated lambs and pigs housed with the infected lambs.
Amyloidosis in six dairy cows
Authors: Johnson Reginald , Jamison Keith 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Amyloidosis was diagnosed in 6 Holstein cows that were examined because of chronic intractable diarrhea. Besides diarrhea, the chief finding was a nephrotic-like syndrome, in that there was edema, hypoproteinemia, and proteinuria. Other consistent clinicopathologic abnormalities were hyperfibrinogenemia, low-normal serum calcium content or hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, prolonged bromo-sulphalein half time, high serum urea nitrogen concentration, high serum creatinine concentration, and low urine specific gravity.
Foci of inflammation including traumatic reticuloperitonitis, traumatic pericarditis, salpingitis, mastitis, and metritis were found. There was histologic evidence of amyloid in the kidneys, liver, adrenal glands, and spleen. The iodine-sulfuric acid test for amyloid was positive in 2 cows. The Congo red dye test for amyloid was positive in 2 other cows. In spite of supportive care, all the cows either died naturally or were euthanatized. Because foci of inflammation were found in each cow, it was concluded that the most likely classification of amyloidosis in these cases would be reactive systemic amyloidosis and that the major amyloid fibril protein would be type AA.
Gentamicin-associated acute renal failure in the dog
Authors: Brown Scott A. , Barsanti Jeanne A. , Crowell Wayne A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Gentamicin-associated acute renal failure was diagnosed in 10 dogs. The disease was characterized by a poor prognosis and lengthy hospitalization. Hypoalbuminemia, disorders of potassium homeostasis, proteinuria, hematuria, and cylindruria were common during therapy for renal failure. Fever and dehydration were the most commonly identified potential predisposing factors.
Efficacy and toxicity of estrogens commonly used to terminate canine pregnancy
Authors: Bowen R. A. , Olson P. N. , Behrendt M. D. , Wheeler S. L. , Husted P. W. , Nett T. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three groups of bitches were treated with diethylstilbestrol (75 (μg/kg) orally for 7 days (n = 12), estradiol cypionate intramuscularly once (22 μg/kg; n = 12), or estradiol cypionate intramuscularly once (44 μg/kg; n = 12). Treatments commenced during late proestrus (n = 4/group), the fourth day of behavioral estrus (n = 4/group), or the second day of diestrus (n = 4/group). All bitches were bred on alternate days throughout estrus to stud dogs of known fertility. Ovariohysterectomies were performed on day 25 of diestrus to diagnose pregnancy and to assess any pathologic changes in the uterus. Eleven bitches treated with diethylstilbestrol, 6 bitches treated with the low dosage of estradiol cypionate, and 4 bitches receiving the high dosage of estradiol cypionate were pregnant at the time of surgery. Ten of the bitches treated with estrogens during proestrus, 6 treated during estrus, and 4 treated during diestrus were pregnant. The serum concentration of progesterone in 2 bitches treated with the high dosage of estradiol cypionate decreased to <2 ng/ml by day 25 of diestrus, suggesting premature luteal regression.
Diethylstilbestrol appeared to have little efficacy in terminating pregnancy. Estradiol cypionate appeared to have greater efficacy when administered during estrus or early diestrus; however, pyometra developed in 2 bitches treated with this estrogen during diestrus.
Borreliosis in dogs from southern Connecticut
Authors: Magnarelli Louis A. , Anderson John F. , Kaufmann Arnold F. , Lieberman Leo L. , Whitney George D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Blood samples were obtained from dogs in tick-infested regions of southern Connecticut to assess canine exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease in human beings. An indirect fluorescent antibody test detected immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibodies at titers of 1:64 to 1:512 in 22 of 84 serum samples previously shown to be positive with a polyvalent rabbit anti-dog total Ig conjugate. Analyses of paired serum samples from 20 seropositive dogs revealed temporal differences in titers; changes occurred during brief (1 month) or extended (>4 years) sampling periods. Clinical records for 52 seropositive dogs indicated a history of intermittent lameness in 19 of these. Limb/joint disorders typically developed in dogs without IgM antibodies, suggesting manifestation during later phases of illness. A microscopic-agglutination test was used to assess cross reactivity between B burgdorferi and 20 serovars of Leptospira interrogans and biflexa. Analyses of 63 dog serum specimens with antibodies to B burgdorferi and a series of reference rabbit sera revealed minor antigenic relatedness. There was geographic clustering of dogs with antibodies to B burgdorferi in areas of south-central and southeastern Connecticut, where human Lyme disease also occurs.
Arthritis caused by Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs
Authors: Kornblatt Arnold N. , Urband Paul H. , Steere Allen C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
From October 1982 to May 1984, we studied 34 dogs from the Lyme, Conn area that had a history of tick exposure and lameness associated with pain, warmth, and/or swelling in one or more joints. Large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were seen in Giemsa-stained smears of synovial fluid from 9 dogs, and spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi) were found in 1 sample by darkfield microscopy and immunoperoxidase techniques. The geometric mean antibody titer to B burgdorferi in the 34 dogs was 1:2,700, compared with 1:285 in 43 clinically normal dogs from the same area (P<0.0001) and 1:50 in 29 dogs from an area in New Jersey that is not endemic for human Lyme disease (P<0.00001). We concluded that B burgdorferi in dogs may cause arthritis similar to that in human Lyme disease.
Evaluation of the radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay for the detection of antibodies to pseudorabies virus
Authors: Thawley David G. , Joo Hans S. , Johnson Michael E. , Solorzano Robert F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The validity of radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay (ridea) as a diagnostic test for antibodies to pseudorabies virus (prv) in porcine serum was determined. Serum samples from sows and offspring were tested for the presence of antibodies to prv, using both the ridea and the prv serum-neutralization (sn) test. Overall sensitivity and specificity of the ridea done on serums from the sows were 95.7% and 95.2%, respectively. This sensitivity compares with 97.3% sensitivity of the sn test of the same serums. In 658 swine serum samples from routine submissions to the University of Missouri-Columbia Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory that were tested by the ridea, the calculated sensitivity and the specificity were 94.3% and 98.9%.
The ridea and sn test were equally sensitive (99.0%) to detect antibodies resulting from infection with a field strain of virus. They had reduced sensitivity (ridea, 91.7%; sn test, 95.2%) in tests of serums from vaccinated sows. For the detection of passively transferred antibodies in young pigs, sensitivity of the ridea was 76.1%, and specificity was 100%. In all instances, ridea was 100% sensitive at sn titers of 1:16 or greater.
In testing serum samples of swine after field virus infection, sensitivity and specificity of the ridea approximated those of the sn test. This reliability, together with its ease of performance, makes the ridea an ideal field test in programs to detect prv-infected herds and in programs designed to free herds of prv infection.
Changes in prevalence and susceptibility of obligate anaerobes in clinical veterinary practice
Authors: Hirsh Dwight C. , Indiveri Mary C. , Jang Spencer S. , Biberstein Ernst L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Of 3,133 clinical specimens obtained from domestic animals, 26% contained species of bacteria that were obligate anaerobes. Members of the genera Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus accounted for 77% of the isolates. On the average, 2 species of obligate anaerobes were found in each specimen, usually admixed with facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Of those specimens containing an obligate anaerobe, 20% contained one isolate that was resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, and cephalothin. These resistant isolates belonged to the genus Bacteroides, the most common being Bacteroides fragilis. Approximately one third of these penicillin-resistant isolates was resistant to tetracycline as well. All isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, tetracycline (excluding penicillin-resistant Bacteroides), metronidazole, and clindamycin.
Behavioral profiles of dog breeds
Authors: Hart Benjamin L. , Miller Michael F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Breed behavior profiles were obtained by a method that was quantitative and free of personal biases. The profiles concerned 13 traits, eg, excitability, snapping at children, watchdog barking, and affection demand, which are of interest to people wanting dogs as pets. Authorities for the development of the profiles were 48 small animal veterinarians and 48 obedience judges, randomly selected from directories so as to represent equally men and women, and eastern, central, and western geographic regions of the United States. Each authority was asked to rank on each of the behavioral traits a list of 7 breeds chosen randomly from a list of 56 breeds. The data were analyzed in a custom-designed computer program that pooled the data and then ranked all 56 breeds on the basis of the 13 traits. The results indicated that some behavioral traits discriminate between breeds better than others. An examination of sample profiles indicated the feasibility of developing a statistically meaningful behavioral profile that integrates comparative rankings of several authorities balanced as to representation of geographic location, sex, and type of experience with dogs.
Immune mechanisms of the bovine udder: An overview
Authors: Nickerson S. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Understanding basic defenses of the udder is instrumental in developing measures to prevent mastitis. The teat canal is the first defense against pathogens, providing a physical barrier and antimicrobial substances. When bacteria breach the teat canal, milk leukocytes provide a second defense by ingesting pathogens. Intramammary devices have been used experimentally to increase leukocyte numbers and to enhance destruction of bacteria. Milk antibodies opsonize and lyse bacteria, neutralize toxins, and prevent adhesion to tissue. Vaccinating cows against mastitis generally has been unsuccessful; however, immunization is useful in controlling specific bacterial strains. Antibody-producing plasma cells preferentially accumulate in internal teat end tissues. Because bacteria contact these tissues to reach milk-producing areas of the udder, an immunostimulant to enhance locally the protective nature of plasma cells may decrease the occurrence of infection.
Presumptive neonatal isoerythrolysis in cats
Authors: Cain Gary R. , Suzuki Yoshiko 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Entire or partial litters of 4 queens died due to hemolytic anemia within 1 to 2 days of birth. Necropsy and histologic examination of tissues from 6 dead kittens were indicative of neonatal isoerythrolysis. Blood samples from affected kittens were not available for study. Nevertheless, hemolysins and agglutinins in each queen's serum reacted with rbc from 2 sires of the affected litters. These antibodies, identified as anti-A, also reacted with the rbc from 64 random-source cats.
Bone marrow necrosis in the dog
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. , Armstrong P. J. , Reimann Keith 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bone marrow necrosis in 4 dogs was characterized by refractory anemia with or without leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Romanovsky-stained bone marrow had a diffuse blue discoloration, and marrow particles were elongated. Degenerating cells, cellular debris, and vacuolated macrophages also were seen. Examination of bone marrow sections revealed extensive replacement of normal stroma by necrotic debris and hemorrhage. The cause of the necrosis was not determined. Concomitant disorders included chronic ehrlichiosis, estrogen toxicosis, malignancy, endometrial cystic hyperplasia, and glomerulonephritis.
Chemotherapy of advanced mammary adenocarcinoma in 14 cats
Authors: Jeglum K. Ann , deGuzman Enriqueta , Young Karen M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fourteen cats with advanced mammary adenocarcinoma were treated with doxorubicin HCl and cyclophosphamide. All cats had inoperable or recurrent disease, and 9 cats had metastasis to the thorax. Eleven of the cats were available for long-term evaluation; 3 had complete response to chemotherapy, with survival times of 180,283, and 344 days; 2 had partial response, with survival times of 45 and 149 days; 2 had stabilization of disease, with survival times of 170 and 182 days; and 4 had no response, with survival times of 4, 47, 67, and 106 days.
Anthelmintic efficacy of febantel combined with praziquantel in dogs
Authors: Sharp M. L. , McCurdy H. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ninety-four dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups (5 treated and 1 untreated control) for evaluation of anthelmintic efficacy. Three anthelmintic formulations were studied: a febantel paste, a praziquantel paste, and a combination paste containing both active ingredients. Treated dogs were dosed once daily for 3 days. The minimal effective dosages in combination were established as 10 mg of febantel and 1 mg of praziquantel/kg of body weight. At those dosages for the combination, 99.5% to 100% of the major nematodes and cestodes identified (ie, Ancylostoma caninum, Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara canis, Dipylidium caninum, and Taenia pisiformis) were eliminated. Febantel paste (10 mg/kg) alone was ineffective against cestodes (14.2% elimination of Dipylidium caninum) and praziquantel paste (1 mg/kg) alone was ineffective (0% to 2.4% elimination) against nematodes.
Fibular head transposition for repair of cruciate-deficient stifle in the dog
Authors: Smith Gail K. , Torg Joseph S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fibular head transposition (fht) was introduced as a surgical technique to reconstruct the cruciate-deficient stifle in the dog. Surgically moving the fibular head into a cranial position alters the orientation of the lateral collateral ligament, thereby preventing cranial drawer motion and minimizing internal rotation of the tibia. The technique was found to be safe, mechanically sound, and clinically effective. Comparison of clinical results for this technique with those for the fascial strip technique (using a uniform grading system) demonstrated an overall superior performance of fht. Factors found to adversely influence clinical results were heavy body weight and meniscal damage. The interval between stifle injury and reconstructive surgery or the presence of associated osteoarthritic disease bore no relationship to clinical outcome. It was concluded that the clinical performance after fht was equal or superior to other surgical methods for reconstructing the cruciate-deficient stifle in the dog.
Resistance of cerclage to knot failure
Authors: Wilson James W. , Belloli Donna M. , Robbins Teresa 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The comparative ability of loop-knotted and twist-knotted cerclage to withstand tensile forces was tested. Two twist-knot devices and one loop-knot device were used to apply cerclage wires to a 5-cm diameter split circular jaw mounted on a tensile testing machine. Twist-knot devices were tested with 0.8-, 1.0-, or 1.2-mm wire, and the loop-knot device was tested with 0.8-, 1.0-, or 1.25-mm wire. For all wire sizes, the twisted knot provided greater resistance to knot failure than did the loop-knot. Of the 2 twist-knot devices, the Rhinelander wire tightener-twister produced the greatest resistance to knot failure. Knot resistance increased with increase in wire size for all devices tested.
Uveitis associated with poliosis and vitiligo in six dogs
Authors: Kern Thomas J. , Walton Donna K. , Riis Ronald C. , Manning Thomas O. , Laratta Louis J. , Dziezyc Joan 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Idiopathic panuveitis with retinal detachment was associated with facial poliosis, vitiligo, and alopecia in 6 dogs; 4 were adult males. Dermatohistologic examination of affected facial sites from all dogs revealed a lichenoid dermatitis and unusual histiocytic cells.
Intensive topical and systemic corticosteroid and topical mydriatic/cycloplegic therapy was successful in controlling uveitis in all dogs for variable periods. Three dogs, monitored for 12, 30, and 46 months, retained useful vision despite infrequent recurrence of uveitis. One dog was lost for subsequent examination. Two dogs were euthanatized and necropsied. Ocular histologic examination of these dogs revealed extensive granulomatous iridocyclitis and choroiditis, with retinal detachment and lenticular degeneration.
Prenatal and preweaning deaths caused by pseudorabies virus and porcine parvovirus in a swine herd
Authors: Morrison Robert B. , Joo Han S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sequential outbreaks of pseudorabies virus and porcine parvovirus infections were documented at a swine farm in southern Minnesota. Data for the prevalence of mummified fetuses born and the preweaning mortality were recorded over a 3-year-period. The farm was a farrow-to-finish facility, with breeding females housed in 4 groups according to their stage of pregnancy. The herd consisted of approximately 130 breeding females in December 1981, and expanded to 220 females during the 12 months of 1982. Excluding the outbreaks, the mean preweaning mortality was 20.43% (se 1.59) and the number of mummified fetuses per litter was 0.19 (se 0.01). An outbreak of porcine parvovirus infection caused the preweaning mortality and number of mummified fetuses to increase to 50% and 4.10 per litter, respectively. Two outbreaks of pseudorabies 27 months apart, caused the preweaning mortality to increase to 95% and 82%, and the number of mummified fetuses to increase to 0.96 and 1.25 mummified fetuses per litter, respectively. The increase in mummification was observed 1 month after the increase in preweaning mortality caused by pseudorabies virus infections, whereas the increase in mummification and preweaning mortality was simultaneous with porcine parvovirus infections.
Efficacy of long-acting oxytetracycline alone or combined with streptomycin in the treatment of bovine brucellosis
Authors: Nicoletti Paul , Milward Francis W. , Hoffmann Edward , Altvater Leah 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-nine Brucella abortus culture-positive cows were treated with a long-acting oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg of body weight, im) alone or combined with streptomycin (25 mg/kg, im or iv) or were re-treated with the same product. There appeared to be a synergism by the 2 drugs. Of 21 courses of treatment with the combined antibiotics, 14 (67%) were considered successful. Only 3 of 14 (21%) were successful using oxytetracycline alone.
The period from onset of therapy to cessation of shedding in udder secretions was variable. Four cows that ceased shedding were culture-positive in tissues taken at slaughter.
The titers on tube agglutination and complement-fixation tests were of limited value in short-term evaluations of therapeutic regimens.