bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Object‐Oriented Approaches for Integrated Analysis of Interdependent Energy Networks
Authors: Palma‐Behnke Rodrigo , Vargas Luis S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This article discusses methodologies based on object‐oriented approaches, which are designed to study the energy sector and its interactions with other sectors, such as hydro reservoir system, transport, and environment, in an integrated fashion. The main motivation of this work comes from the fact that energy and transport policies require a sensible coordination with environmental policies, as they are the main sources of air and noise pollution in modern economies. A methodology, based on an object‐oriented model, which identifies and simulates the interdependencies of transportation and energy networks is presented. The proposed approach is oriented toward strategic planning studies with a time horizon of 10 years. The design of the software considers the development of activity models for each sector and provides the basis for studying their effects in an integrated approach. An example of an information platform software code development using Java technology is presented.
Spectrally Adaptive Nanoscale Quantum Dot Sensors
Authors: Jang Woo‐Yong , Paskaleva Biliana , Hayat Majeed M. , Krishna Sanjay 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe potential use of nanotechnology for hyperspectral (HS) and multispectral (MS) sensing and imaging is described in this article. It is noted how HS and MS sensors/imagers have great potential for a variety of applications important to the intelligence community; such applications range from monitoring chemical agent production to identifying geographical terrain. It is also noted that, by sensing the spectrum of reflectance/transmittance of the agents in different wavelength bands—as can be done with HS/MS systems—image analysis capability and detection probability can be greatly improved. However, traditional MS/HS systems are fairly bulky and expensive. The work described concerns advances in nanotechnology, which offer potential solutions to these drawbacks. In particular, the creation of spectrally adaptive focal plane arrays, based upon nanoscale quantum dots (QDs) in the midinfrared regime (3–14 µm), hold promise of producing compact and relatively inexpensive systems. Such sensors use electro‐optics and, thus, do not involve moving parts. The spectral adaptability is mainly attributed to the quantum‐confined Stark effect that results from the QDs being placed in asymmetrical quantum potential wells. As a result, QD detectors can sense information over different spectrally overlapping bands as the electrical bias applied across the detector is judiciously varied. Signal‐processing‐based algorithms are then developed and utilized to maximally exploit the bias‐dependent and diverse spectral response of the QD detectors for the purpose of target‐spectrum reconstruction and target classification. Examples of these applications are also given in this article.
Classification and Clustering for Homeland Security Applications
Authors: Han Jiawei , Li Xiaolei 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This article introduces the basic concepts in classification and clustering and discusses their applications in homeland security. Both topics have been extensively studied in the fields of machine learning and data mining. As a result, many algorithms and heuristics have been developed to derive high‐level knowledge from raw data. However, these algorithms are not magic black boxes that can automatically make decisions about complex problems and replace human beings. They require careful formulation of the real‐world problem and tuning of parameters in order to be effective. While they might never replace a human being for making complex decisions, they are quite effective at modeling at well‐formed problems. This article explores what are well‐formed problems, what classification and clustering algorithms are capable of, and how can one use them effectively in the context of homeland security.
Mitigating Public Health Risks from an Agroterror Attack
Authors: Hedberg Craig 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The list of potential agents that could be used in an agroterror attack on crops and vegetation is quite broad. Although food monitoring has theoretical potential to prevent an outbreak of disease due to the natural or intentional contamination of foods, many practical issues make it unfeasible to build a robust monitoring program to safeguard the supply of fresh fruits and vegetables. Given our limited ability to detect contaminated food products before they enter commerce, the interval between the occurrence of a food system event, its detection, and the subsequent response by the public health system is a key determinant of the potential impact. Although most foodborne outbreaks are localized and are investigated and controlled by local or state public health authorities, multi jurisdictional events may be large, widespread and require coordination between multiple state and federal agencies. However, strong leadership by individual states in multi state investigations will promote faster and better targeted mitigation strategies. Following an attack on the food system, the size, scope, and severity of the event will be the key elements involved in the move from response to recovery. The speed with which such an attack is recognized and controlled will affect all these measures. In this regard, enhancing the capacity of our foodborne disease surveillance system to rapidly investigate all foodborne disease outbreaks will be critical to positioning our food system for a rapid recovery from an agroterrorism event.
Mitigating Consequences of Pathogen Inoculation into Processed Food
Authors: Dickson James S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
There is a very real possibility of a deliberate contamination event with processed foods. Although the results of such an event may conceivably be severe, the processes of identifying and recovering the affected foods, as well as the subsequent disposal of the product, are similar to those that routinely occur with naturally contaminated foods. As with any potential bioterrorism threat, understanding the nature of the affected product and the potential agents that may be involved is essential to either potentially preventing the occurrence or rapidly resolving the consequences of such an event. Developing a planned response in advance of any such potential event will aid in the rapid resolution of a crisis.
The Role of Food Safety in Food Security/Defense
Authors: Kastner Justin J. , Nutsch Abbey L. , Kastner Curtis L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractModern approaches to food safety management significantly help address food security/defense challenges. Whether a contamination of the food supply is accidental or intentional, food safety related strategies to isolate, identify, and eliminate food hazard(s) will prove helpful. The historical development of preventive, process‐oriented food control approaches includes the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) food safety system, which incidentally can help food professionals ensure food security. As one situation‐ and commodity‐specific example further illustrates, food safety systems can contribute to broader food security/defense goals in the agricultural and food industry.
Decontamination and Disposal of Contaminated Foods
Authors: Doyle M. Ellin , Lee Seung Hak , Benson Craig H. , Pariza Michael W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChallenges related to disposal of foods intentionally contaminated with terrorist agents were investigated during a series of three meetings with representatives from government agencies, food companies, and disposal facilities. Technical issues were discussed along with potential economic, political, and social ramifications of different disposal strategies. Modeling was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of managing intentionally contaminated foods using conventional pollution control technologies for solid and liquid waste. The intent of this modeling was to identify factors that may affect risks associated with disposal of solid and liquid foods contaminated with terrorist agents. An extensive literature review was conducted to describe the existing knowledge on disposal of contaminated foods and other terrorist agents.
Trusted Platforms: The Root of Security
Authors: Kay Roger L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTrusted base computing is a technical reality. The mathematical problem of trusted computing has been solved in a satisfactory and cost‐effective manner, and solutions are in mass deployment. However, adoption and usage by the target population is still limited. This article explores the current state of trusted base computing, describes the forces and parties at work, and concludes that the standard now broadly accepted by the industry will be adopted more widely by the user population in the near future, as the need for a standard solution becomes clearer and the software that controls trusted computing becomes more usable.
High Assurance: Provably Secure Systems and Architectures
Authors: DeLong Rance J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCritical cyber‐physical systems, whose failure or compromise could have severe consequences, require a priori assurance that they will not fail, due to either natural causes or willful attacks by malicious agents. Unlike conventional systems, which historically are replete with exploitable flaws and which require conscientious patching to correct discovered vulnerabilities, critical systems must be developed in a way that provides a basis for confidence that they are free from vulnerabilities before deployment. High assurance system development involves rigorous design and implementation checking, and discipline that goes beyond even the best commercial development practices. A provably secure system is one whose security mechanisms can be proven to be correctly implemented and to enforce the desired security policy.
Wireless Security
Authors: Sexton Matthew , Smith Edward , Eydt Bernie 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWireless networks have undoubtedly proliferated into many aspects of daily life, both personal and professional. Although many wireless networks exist, ranging from cellular networks to Wireless Fidelity (Wi‐Fi), they can be divided into two primary categories: data‐centric and voice‐centric. Data‐centric wireless networks primarily provide extensions of the existing Internet Protocol (IP)‐centric networks and evolved from wired IP‐centric networks providing security similar to that of wired networks. Voice‐centric wireless networks evolved as extensions of the legacy wireline telephony networks and focus security on end user issues, such as cloning, billing fraud, and other forms of subscriber‐based attacks. This end user fraud protection focus, although valid for an extension of the wireline voice network, offers weaker security architecture for data services added to the voice network as enhancements to user services.
Industrial Process Control System Security
Authors: Susanto Ivan , Jackson Rich , Paul Donald L. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Process control systems that control the operation of industries are at risk because they were not designed with widespread connectivity in mind. Some lack even basic information security measures. These control systems are not only critical to specific industries but also to a nation's infrastructure because they control operations such as refineries, pipelines, manufacturing, power utilities, and water plants. This study illustrates control system cyber security risks and shows how an industry can work together with government, control system vendors, and security technology vendors to address common challenges.

Linking Oil and Gas Industry to Improve Cyber security

(
LOGIIC
) is a partnership of the
Oil and Gas
(
O&G
) Industry with the US
Department of Homeland Security
(
DHS
). In a collaborative effort, participants from private industry, the government, vendors, and the research community all joined together to reach a common solution to cyber security issues in control system.
ISA Security Compliance Institute
(
ISCI
), a leading, global, nonprofit organization, is another industry partnership that plans to provide baseline security certifications and is helping to provide security compliance “out of the box”. LOGIIC and ISA will be referenced in many of the examples included in this article.
2D‐to‐3DFace Recognition Systems
Authors: Miller Michael I. , Vaillant Marc , Hoffman William , Schuepp Paul 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe present developments for generating 3D geometric models from one or more photographs via 2D‐to‐3D technologies for building pose and lighting invariant face recognition (FR) systems. These systems extend legacy FR systems from their controlled application in access control and document verification to the uncontrolled settings of surveillance and passive identity management. The technologies described extend techniques from the field of computational anatomy to accommodate the projective geometry associated with video imagery. By integrating facial information from 2D projective photographs taken from arbitrary positions and pose via the 3D generated models, we demonstrate results from fully pose‐invariant face recognition systems, Animetrics90 which is shown to perform ID up to −45° and +45° of pose and Animetrics180 operating on full profile.We present recent developments for generating 3D geometric models from one or more photographs via 2D‐to‐3D technologies for building pose and lighting invariantface recognition(FR) systems. These systems can in principle extend legacy FR systems from their relatively controlled application in access control and document verification to the uncontrolled settings of surveillance and passive identity management. By integrating facial information from 2D projective photographs taken from arbitrary positions and pose via the 3D generated models, fully pose‐invariant FR systems can be demonstrated. Such systems can performidentification(ID) up to −45° and +45° of pose and offer the potential of fully integrated profile ID systems as well.
Network Flow Approaches for Analyzing and Managing Disruptions to Interdependent Infrastructure Systems
Authors: Lee Earl E. , Mitchell John E. , Wallace William A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Modern society relies upon the complex interactions of the civil infrastructure systems, such as transportation, electric power, telecommunications, and water. These systems are highly dependent on one another in order to provide service. Failures in one system can have far‐reaching, potentially cascading impacts on the services provided by other infrastructures. This article will present an overview of research which explicitly models these systems and more importantly, their interconnectedness. The model and its associated decision support system, developed in this research, can be used by those responsible for responding to disruptions or for evaluating vulnerability with the capability to look outside the boundaries of a single system and evaluate the system of systems.
A Tandem Mobility Spectrometer for Chemical Agent and Toxic Industrial Chemical Monitoring
Authors: Niu H. William , Burchfield David E. , Szumlas Andrew W. , Anderson Andrew 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Sensitivity, selectivity, and speed are the most important analytical parameters in sensing chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and toxic industrial chemicals (TICs). For homeland security applications, where protection from chemical releases in public facilities such as at airports or subway stations is desired, selectivity becomes even more critical since false alarms can cause costly societal disruptions and trigger public panic. Currently, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been widely deployed in the battlefield for CWA detection because of its excellent sensitivity and speed. However, IMS alone has suffered from low selectivity, especially for lower molecular weight TICs, which results in false alarms. This article describes an emerging technology that combines differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) and IMS in one package. In this configuration, the DMS serves as an ion filter for the IMS, prescreening targets from background with a separation mechanism that is complementary to the IMS. The tandem analyzer consists of a microfabricated DMS and two miniaturized IMS detectors arranged in an orthogonal configuration, enabling the detection of positive and negative ions simultaneously. The combination of these two technologies can significantly reduce false alarm rates. The tandem DMS–IMS provides a real‐time, powerful technology to counter terrorist threats in infrastructure protection scenarios.
Poor hematopoietic stem cell mobilizers: A single institution study of incidence and risk factors in patients with recurrent or relapsed lymphoma
Authors: Hosing Chitra , Saliba Rima M. , Ahlawat Sheena , Körbling Martin , Kebriaei Partow , Alousi Amin , De Lima Marcos , Okoroji Julia‐Grace , McMannis John , Qazilbash Muzaffar , Anderlini Paolo , Giralt Sergio , Champlin Richard E. , Khouri Issa , Popat Uday 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence and predictive factors if any, of mobilization failure in lymphoma patients referred for autologous stem cell transplantation. A total of 588 lymphoma patients were referred for transplant consultation from January 2003 to December 2004. Predictors of mobilization failure were evaluated using logistic regression analysis including diagnosis, mobilization regimen, age, sex, type and number of prior chemotherapies, bone marrow cellularity, platelet count, white count, prior bone marrow involvement with malignancy, and prior radiation therapy. Two hundred and six patients were eligible for transplantation and underwent stem cell mobilization. Twenty‐nine (14%) patients failed to mobilize adequate stem cells after the first attempt. For the entire group age (≥60 versus <60 years), diagnosis (Hodgkin's versus non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma), use of cytokines alone, platelet count <150 × 109/L, and bone marrow cellularity <30% were significant predictors for mobilization failure on univariate analysis. In view of small number of patients multivariate analysis was not possible. However, a low platelet count (150 × 109/L) was the only significant predictor when the analysis was restricted to non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma patients who were mobilized with chemotherapy. Mobilization failure rates are higher in patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma compared with those with Hodgkin's lymphoma. In the subset of patients who undergo chemomobilization for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma platelet count at the time of mobilization is a predictor of mobilization failure. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gardner‐Silengo‐Wachtel or genito‐palato‐cadiac syndrome with associated autosomal aneuploidy
Authors: Golabi Mahin , James Aaron W. , Desai Nina , Culver Katherine , Cotter Philip D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGardner‐Silengo‐Wachtel or genito‐palato‐cardiac syndrome is a disorder of male (46,XY) gonadal dysgenesis, thought to be either an X‐linked recessive or an autosomal recessive disorder. The propositus in our report presented with multiple congenital anomalies including micrognathia, cleft palate, congenital heart defect with D‐transposition, double outlet right ventricle, PFO, VSD, PDA and pulmonary valve stenosis and gonadal dysgenesis. Chromosome analysis showed a 46, XY, t(1;7)(q32,q22.1) der(10) t(3;10) (q21;q26)pat karyotype. This represents a rare case of autosomal aneuploidy associated with Gardner‐Silengo‐Wachtel or genito‐palato‐cardiac syndrome and suggests genetic heterogeneity for this syndrome. Partial monosomy of 10q also shares many of the prominent features of genito‐palato‐cardiac syndrome, including gonadal dysgenesis, cardiac defects and facial features. Monosomy for distal 10q may present as a phenocopy of Gardner‐Silengo‐Wachtel or genito‐palato‐cardiac syndrome. Alternatively, unmasking of a recessive allele on distal 10q may result in genito‐palato‐cardiac syndrome, thus potentially localizing a candidate region for the gene to 10q26 → qter. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Connexin mutations in Brazilian patients with skin disorders with or without hearing loss
Authors: Alexandrino Fabiana , de Oliveira Camila Andréa , Magalhães Renata F. , Florence Michelle E.B. , de Souza Elemir M. , Sartorato Edi Lúcia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe connexins are a family of proteins whose major function is as part of the gap junctions of cell‐to‐cell channels. They are expressed in several tissues including brain, skin, and cochlea. Mutations in connexin genes play a major role in non‐syndromic sensorineural deafness, but have been also described in individuals with variable dermatological features. In recent years, many genes responsible for hereditary skin diseases have been discovered. These genes may encode different proteins that participate in the terminal differentiation of the epidermis. Therefore alteration or absence of these proteins causes a keratinization disorder. It has been demonstrated that distinct germline mutations within six connexin (Cx) genes GJB2 (Cx26), GJB6 (Cx30), GJB3 (Cx31), GJA1 (Cx43), GJB4 (Cx30.3), and GJB5 (Cx31.1), may cause sensorineural hearing loss and various skin disease phenotypes. The crucial functional importance of each of these connexins in the mentioned ectodermic tissues is reflected by the finding that genetic defects in their genes produce a wide spectrum of genetic disorders comprising sensorineural hearing loss, disorders of cornification of the skin, hair, and nails, and keratitis. Here, we report on different mutations in the connexin genes in individuals with or without hearing loss and different skin disorders illustrating the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of the condition. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: High‐resolution assessment of the dental developmental pattern and characterization of tooth tissue proportions in the late Upper Paleolithic child from La Madeleine, France
Authors: Bayle Priscilla , Braga José , Mazurier Arnaud , Macchiarelli Roberto 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAffinities and differences in dental maturational patterns between modern humans and Neanderthals remain a matter of discussion. In particular, deciduous teeth are rare for Late Pleistocene humans, and few entire sequences have been detailed for their developmental status. Here, we report the results from the 3D virtual reconstruction and structural analysis of the deciduous lower dentition (nine teeth in situ) of the child from La Madeleine (LM4), France, the first Upper Paleolithic specimen detailed so far by means of high‐resolution microtomography (μCT). With respect to the modern dental developmental standards, age at death of this individual is now more likely estimated within the interval 3–4 years. LM4 lacks the slight discrepancy between a proportionally advanced stage of mineralization of the deciduous first molar and a relatively delayed maturational level of the incisors, which is found in Neanderthals (Bayle et al.: J Hum Evol 56 [2009] 66–75). By using a Bayesian approach, we calculated the probability that its maturational sequence is found within the extant human variation as represented by a tomographic (CT) reference sample of 45 children scored according to the same protocol (Liversidge and Molleson: Am J Phys Anthropol 123 [2004] 172–180). Results show that the specific sequence of this Magdalenian individual is found three times in the comparative sample included in this study. LM4 absolute tooth size and relative dental tissue proportions are close to the modern human figures (characterized by proportionally reduced dentine volumes) and lie systematically below the values shown by the Neanderthal child from Roc de Marsal, France (OIS 5a). Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.