bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
News and views from the 8th annual meeting of the Italian Society of Virology
Authors: Sartori Elena , Salata Cristiano , Calistri Arianna , Palù Giorgio , Parolin Cristina 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe 8th annual meeting of the Italian Society of Virology (SIV) took place in Orvieto, Italy from the 21st to the 23rd of September 2008. The meeting covered different areas of Virology and the scientific sessions focused on: general virology and viral genetics; viral oncology, virus–host interaction and pathogenesis; emerging viruses and zoonotic, foodborne and environmental pathways of transmission; viral immunology and vaccines; viral biotechnologies and gene therapy; medical virology and antiviral therapy. The meeting had an attendance of about 160 virologists from all Italy. In this edition, a satellite workshop on “Viral biotechnologies” was organized in order to promote the role of virologists in the biotechnological research and teaching fields. A summary of the plenary lectures and oral selected presentations is reported. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 797–799, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell cycle and developmental control of hematopoiesis by Runx1
Authors: Friedman Alan D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRunx1 binds DNA in cooperation with CBFβ to activate or repress transcription, dependent upon cellular context and interaction with a variety of co‐activators and co‐repressors. Runx1 is required for emergence of adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) during embryonic development and for lymphoid, myeloid, and megakaryocyte lineage maturation from HSC in adult marrow. Runx1 levels vary during the cell cycle, and Runx1 regulates G1 to S cell cycle progression. Both Cdk and ERK phosphorylate Runx1 to influence its interaction with co‐repressors, and the Wnt effector LEF‐1/TCF also modulates Runx1 activities. These links likely allow cytokines and signals from adjacent cells to influence HSC proliferation versus quiescence and the rate of progenitor expansion, in response to developmental or environmental demands. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 520–524, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) regulates growth and invasion of endometrial cancer cells
Authors: Haughian James M. , Bradford Andrew P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe etiology of endometrial cancers remains poorly understood, particularly with respect to signal transduction pathways underlying the development and progression of the more aggressive, type II steroid‐independent tumors. Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) regulates cellular processes critical to malignancy and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancers. The objective of these studies was to determine the functional role of PKCα in endometrial cancer cell proliferation, anchorage‐independent growth, and invasion. PKCα expression in endometrial cancer cell lines was examined by Western blotting. PKCα levels were increased in type II HEC‐50, HEC‐1‐A and HEC‐1‐B cell lines relative to the type I Ishikawa and RL‐95‐2 lines. Retroviral constructs were used to either overexpress PKCα or selectively knockdown levels by shRNA in Ishikawa and HEC 50 cells, respectively. Knockdown of PKCα expression in HEC‐50 cells resulted in a diminished growth rate and attenuation of anchorage‐independent growth. Correspondingly, Ishikawa cells overexpressing PKCα protein exhibited increased proliferation, resistance to growth factor deprivation and enhanced anchorage‐independent growth. Consistent with the observed changes in cell proliferation, PKCα also modulated cyclin D1 promoter activity in both cell lines. A reduction in PKCα levels rendered HEC‐50 cells significantly less invasive, whereas PKCα overexpression enhanced invasion of Ishikawa cells. These data indicate that PKCα promotes growth and invasion of endometrial cancer cells, suggesting that PKCα dependent signaling pathways could provide novel prognostic indicators or therapeutic targets, particularly in clinically aggressive type II endometrial tumors. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 112–118, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dewatering of microalgal culture for biodiesel production: exploring polymer flocculation and tangential flow filtration
Authors: Danquah Michael K. , Ang Li , Uduman Nyomi , Moheimani Navid , Forde Gareth M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Conventional biodiesel production relies on trans‐esterification of lipids extracted from vegetable crops. However, the use of valuable vegetable food stocks as raw material for biodiesel production makes it an unfeasibly expensive process. Used cooking oil is a finite resource and requires extra downstream processing, which affects the amount of biodiesel that can be produced and the economics of the process. Lipids extracted from microalgae are considered an alternative raw material for biodiesel production. This is primarily due to the fast growth rate of these species in a simple aquaculture environment. However, the dilute nature of microalgae culture puts a huge economic burden on the dewatering process especially on an industrial scale. This current study explores the performance and economic viability of chemical flocculation and tangential flow filtration (TFF) for the dewatering of Tetraselmis suecica microalgae culture.RESULT: Results show that TFF concentrates the microalgae feedstock up to 148 times by consuming 2.06 kWh m−3 of energy while flocculation consumes 14.81 kWh m−3 to concentrate the microalgae up to 357 times. Economic evaluation demonstrates that even though TFF has higher initial capital investment than polymer flocculation, the payback period for TFF at the upper extreme of microalgae revenue is ∼1.5 years while that of flocculation is ∼3 years.CONCLUSION: These results illustrate that improved dewatering levels can be achieved more economically by employing TFF. The performances of these two techniques are also compared with other dewatering techniques. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Validation of two dual fluorescence techniques for confocal microscopic visualization of resin penetration into enamel caries lesions
Authors: Paris Sebastian , Bitter Kerstin , Renz Herbert , Hopfenmuller Werner , Meyer‐Lueckel Hendrik 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFluorescence confocal microscopy is a useful tool to analyze the infiltration of enamel caries lesions with low‐viscosity resins (infiltrants) in vitro. The conventionally used staining technique, which comprises dye labeling of the resin, has been shown to be limited by chromatographic separation of the resin‐dye‐mixture during penetration. The aim of this study was to develop an improved dual staining technique and to compare validity and reproducibility of both methods. Human molars with proximal white spots were cut across the demineralizations. After varnishing the cut surfaces, paired lesion halves were infiltrated with an infiltrant using either one of two different staining techniques. For the conventional direct technique (A) the infiltrant was labeled with rhodamine isothiocyanate (RITC) prior to application. Using the new indirect technique (B) lesions were stained with RITC solution and subsequently infiltrated with pure infiltrant. After light curing, unbound dye was bleached by immersion in hydrogen peroxide. Remaining lesion pores were stained with sodium fluorescein solution. Penetration depths (PD) and lesion depths (LD) were evaluated by five examiners using confocal microscopy and compared with the results of scanning electron microscopic (SEM; PD) and microradiographic (TMR; LD) analysis. The indirect technique showed better correlation (intraclass coefficients) with SEM (0.990) and TMR (0.982) compared with the direct technique (SEM: 0.513; TMR: 0.702). Inter‐ and intrarater reliability was higher for technique B compared with technique A. The new indirect technique yields to more valid and reliable results to visualize infiltrant penetration into natural enamel caries lesions compared with the conventional method. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does the ability to metabolically downregulate alter the hypoxia tolerance of fishes?: a comparative study using cunner (T. adspersus) and Greenland cod (G. ogac)
Authors: Corkum Chris P. , Gamperl A. Kurt 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this study, the metabolic response and tolerance of cunner (a temperate wrasse species capable of metabolic depression) to graded hypoxia (water O2 saturation 100–10%) was measured at two temperatures (∼1 and 8°C), and compared with that of the Greenland cod (Gadus ogac). Cunner had significantly lower oxygen consumption (MO2) values at both 1 (21.2±2.4 mg O2 kg−0.83 hr−1) and 8°C (31.6±1.5 mg O2 kg−0.83 hr−1) as compared with the Greenland cod (64.0±4.3 and 92.5±6.3 mg O2 kg−0.83 hr−1, respectively) when measured under normoxia. In addition, this species was considerably more hypoxia tolerant than Greenland cod, as evidenced by an ability to tolerate lower water O2 saturations and their significantly lower critical oxygen saturation (Scrit) values (16.9 and 21.4% vs. 40.4 and 54.8% water O2 saturation at 1 and 8°C, respectively). Surprisingly, the normoxic Q10 value for cunner MO2 (1.77) was not indicative of a hypometabolic state at 1°C (based on previous experiments on this species). However, 1°C cunner immediately decreased their MO2 to a new steady state (44% below normoxic levels) when water O2 saturation was lowered, and this resulted in a Q10 of ∼4.5 at oxygen levels between 80 and 20% saturation. This study provides the first data to suggest that fish capable of metabolic depression have an enhanced hypoxia tolerance, and that the cunner's hypometabolic state at cold temperatures is plastic and dependent on other environmental parameters. J. Exp. Zool. 311A:231–239, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
2‐Thioxo‐1,3‐thiazepan‐4‐ones, a novel class of cyclic dithiourethanes with a 7‐membered ring system
Authors: Hanefeld Wolfgang , Schütz Harald 
Published: February 2009

AbstractReaction of isothiocyanates 1 with γ‐thiobutyrolactone (2) in alkaline medium yielded 4‐thiocarbamoylthiobutyric acids 3 after acidification, which could be cyclized to the 2‐thioxo‐1,3‐thiazepan‐4‐ones 6. Additional reactions were observed with the formation of 6t from p‐phenylenediisothiocyanate (1s) and with the formation of 6w from benzyl isothiocyanate (1t). 3‐Acetylamino‐γ‐thiobutyrolactone (7) could also be used in this reaction yielding the butyric acid derivatives 3u‐3w. Cyclization yielded the 1,3‐thiazepane derivatives 6x, y which rearranged under ring contraction to the 1,3‐thiazinanes 8a, b.
A new scaffold for dipeptide β‐turn mimetics: Expeditious synthesis of an unsaturated 6,5‐fused bicyclic lactam
Authors: Millet Régis , Houssin Raymond , Hénichart Jean‐Pierre , Rigo Benoît 
Published: February 2009

AbstractReported here is an easy and short synthesis of 6‐acetamido‐5‐oxo‐1,2,3,5,6,7‐hexahydro‐3‐indolizine‐carboxylic acid, originating from β‐enaminoesters derived from pyroglutamic acid. This key compound has been used as a scaffold in the synthesis of dipeptido mimetics.
Understanding leadership for cross‐cultural knowledge management
Authors: Nguyen Nhu T. B. , Umemoto Katsuhiro 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis article examines the role of leadership in cross‐cultural knowledge management (CCKM) because both knowledge management and cross‐cultural management are now regarded as popular topics in both academic and practical research in the age of globalization. We discuss the existing literature on the relationship between leadership and cross‐cultural management as well as the relationship between leadership and knowledge management to illustrate the importance of leadership in each field. The concept of cross‐cultural knowledge management—an ambiguous term—will be presented from Nguyen, Umemoto, and Medeni's (2007) work, establishing an expanded role of cross‐cultural management, which could be viewed as a subset of knowledge management. To emphasize the impact of leadership on CCKM, we discuss the influence of leadership on each factor in the theoretical model of CCKM. Our understanding of the role of leadership in CCKM suggests that international leaders should pay careful attention to managing fragmentation, integration, and differentiation when they want to create and manage the cross‐cultural knowledge of their employees.
A historical perspective on nonverbal communication in debates: Implications for elections and leadership
Authors: Gentry William A. , Duke Marshall P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractNonverbal communication has been a focus in both the realms of politics and leadership. Since 1960 commentaries about political debates have led to the conclusion that inept nonverbal communication may have been a telling sign as to who lost the eventual election. This article will give a brief recount of the nonverbal ineptitude associated with several televised debates throughout history, a short research note about how nonverbal communication in a debate may predict the loser of an election, and a set of recommendations that may help leaders. In essence, as nonverbal communication may not necessarily help candidates in a debate and subsequent election, but rather hurt them, the same can be said for leaders in general: nonverbal communication may not necessarily help leaders become their very best, but it can definitely hurt them and their effectiveness as leaders.
Dose sparing strategy with intradermal influenza vaccination in patients with solid cancer
Authors: Jo Yu Mi , Song Joon Young , Hwang In Sook , Lee Jacob , Oh Sang Cheul , Kim Jun Suk , Kim Sung Ran , Kim Woo Joo , Cheong Hee Jin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractInfluenza vaccine is considered to reduce influenza‐related morbidity and mortality in patients with underlying chronic medical conditions. Because of fear of vaccine shortage during an influenza pandemic, several antigen sparing strategies have been investigated. The immunogenicity of intradermal influenza vaccination with one half the antigenic contents was compared to that of conventional intramuscular vaccination in patients with solid cancer, and adverse events were assessed after vaccination. There was no significant difference between the injection routes in the hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) response and increase in the titer of A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B 4–6 weeks after the vaccination; seroconversion factors increased by more than 2.5‐fold. Seroresponse rates were more than 40% and seroprotection rates were above 70% against all three influenza strains irrespective of the vaccination routes. No serious events were observed, and local skin reactions were more frequent in the intradermal injection recipients than in the intramuscular recipients (32.7% vs. 9.1%). This study shows that intradermal injection of one half the dose of a commercial influenza vaccine elicits immune responses comparable to those elicited by a full dose of intramuscular vaccine among cancer patients, and it can be tolerated without serious adverse reactions. J. Med. Virol. 81:722–727, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular detection and genotyping of human papillomavirus in cervical carcinoma biopsies in an area of high incidence of cancer from Moroccan women
Authors: khair M. Meftah el , Mzibri M. El , Mhand R. Ait , Benider A. , Benchekroun N. , fahime E.M. El , Benchekroun M.N. , Ennaji M.M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in developing countries, and the human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked etiologically to cervical cancer. Eighty nine cervical carcinoma biopsies collected from women visiting the Oncologic Center in Casablanca (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd, Morocco) for cervical cancer symptoms, were screened for HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction amplification with subsequent typing by hybridization with specific oligonucleotides for HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, and 59. Using very high stringency hybridization the HPV types could be easily distinguished. After preliminary clinical sorting, 92% (82/89) of the samples were found to be HPV‐positive. Among the samples infected by a single HPV, type 16 was the most frequent 36.6% (30/82) of the positive samples, followed by HPV 18; 19.5% (16/82). Double or even multiple infections by the different HPV types were also detected (35.5% of the positive samples); dual infections were the more frequent, with the following combinations of HPVs: HPV16/HPV18 (21% of the positives samples) and HPV16/HPV45 (8.5%). J. Med. Virol. 81:678–684, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Full‐length sequence of genotype 3 hepatitis E virus derived from a pig in Thailand
Authors: Siripanyaphinyo Uamporn , Laohasinnarong Dusit , Siripanee Juthamas , Kaeoket Kampon , Kameoka Masanori , Ikuta Kazuyoshi , Sawanpanyalert Pathom 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in pigs was investigated in two principal swine farming areas in Thailand. Anti‐HEV antibodies and HEV RNA in sera were examined in 258 pigs reared on five commercial farms from age 1 to 6.5 months and sows. Overall, 167 of 258 (64.7%) pigs were positive for anti‐HEV IgG, while 20 of 258 (7.75%) had detectable HEV RNA. Sequence analysis of 20 HEV isolates obtained from viremic pigs revealed that they were 92.3–100% identical to each other and had 82.2–88.2% nucleotide similarity to other reported genotype 3 isolates in 415 nucleotide sequences within ORF2 region. Further characterization by sequencing the complete genome of the Thai swine HEV isolate (named Thai‐swHEV07) and phylogenetic analysis showed that Thai‐swHEV07 segregated into a cluster consisting of swine isolates from Japan, Mongolia, and Kyrgyzstan within the HEV genotype 3. The Thai‐swHEV07 had a genomic length of 7,229 nt excluding the polyadenylated region at 3′ terminus of the genome. Comparison of Thai‐swHEV07 and 27 reported strains of genotype 3 revealed 80.4–85.9% nucleotide identity, with the highest identity of 85.9% to the novel swHEV strain from Mongolia. These findings suggest that genotype 3 HEV isolates are markedly heterogeneous. J. Med. Virol. 81:657–664, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cervical infections by multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes: Prevalence and impact on the risk of precancerous epithelial lesions
Authors: Bello Barbara Dal , Spinillo Arsenio , Alberizzi Paola , Cesari Stefania , Gardella Barbara , D'Ambrosio Gioacchino , Roccio Marianna , Silini Enrico Maria 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA large proportion of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections is sustained by multiple genotypes. The effect of multiple infections on the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and the potential efficacy of vaccine on these infections are controversial. We performed viral typing by SFP10‐LIPA on a consecutive series of 1,323 women undergoing colposcopy, 69% of whom had cervical biopsy, and correlated CIN severity with the type and number of HPVs. Overall prevalence of HPV‐DNA was 68.9%, 97.3% in CIN1, and 98.1% in CIN≥2. HPV positivity correlated with younger age (35.9 vs. 37.3 years, P = 0.026) and history of CIN (P < 0.001). Multiple types were detected in 44.2% of cases, including 63.1% CIN1 and 80.8% CIN≥2. Twenty‐three different types were detected, HPV‐16, 31 and 52 being the most frequent. Infections by HPV‐6, 11, 16, or 18 occurred in 59.4% of CIN1 and 71.3% of CIN≥2. Number of viral types and class of oncogenic risk were linearly correlated with CIN severity (P < 0.0001) by univariate and multivariate analyses controlling for age and history of CIN. The effect of the number of HPV types was maintained after exclusion from the model of infections by HPV‐6, 11, 16, and 18. Frequency, distribution, and clinical correlates of multiple HPV infections highlight the importance of assessing individual types in the management and the prediction of outcome of women with abnormal baseline cytology and point to potential limitations in current vaccine strategies. J. Med. Virol. 81:703–712, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C genotype 6a from patients with chronic hepatitis C from Hong Kong
Authors: Li Cheryl S.Y. , Chan Paul K.S. , Tang Julian W. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThere have been relatively few studies on HCV genotype 6 compared to hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1. In Hong Kong, a city of about 7 million people, most patients infected with HCV are infected with either genotype 1b or 6a. It is known that HCV 6 is of intermediate responsiveness (i.e., between that of HCV genotype 1 and HCV genotypes 2/3) to standard combination interferon/ribavirin therapy. This study examines the molecular epidemiology of chronic HCV 6a infection in Hong Kong during 1999–2005, as well as characterizing some pre‐ and post‐treatment changes in the NS5B gene in a few patients that underwent combination treatment. Partial non‐structural protein sequences (NS5B, the viral RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase gene, positions 397–1,082) were cloned and sequenced in samples from 51 patients that were obtained and archived during 1999–2005. There were three patients with paired pre‐ and post‐treatment samples available for further analysis. Within this NS5B sequence, one significant amino acid mutation was found in each of these patients: Ser272Pro (end‐of‐treatment response but relapsed), Met312Thr (failed treatment after 3 months due to anemia), and Arg221Lys (end‐of‐treatment‐response but relapsed). This analysis of the pre‐ and post‐treatment NS5B sequences, suggests that whilst post‐treatment mutations were identifiable in individual patients, there was no overall characteristic mutation pattern associated with treatment that was common to all treated patients, identified in this small study. Larger studies are required to confirm these findings. J. Med. Virol. 81:628–633, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Humoral immunity in natural infection by tick‐borne encephalitis virus
Authors: Venturi Giulietta , Martelli Paola , Mazzolini Elena , Fiorentini Cristiano , Benedetti Eleonora , Todone Daniele , Villalta Danilo , Fortuna Claudia , Marchi Antonella , Minelli Giada , Ciufolini Maria Grazia 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) virus is one of the most important flaviviruses associated with neurological disease in Europe. Cross‐reactive antibodies elicited by different flaviviruses can make difficult the interpretation of ELISA and hemagglutination‐inhibition (HI) tests for the diagnosis of TBE. Neutralization tests, which are more specific, are not in common use because they are difficult to perform and standardize. A plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), optimized previously in vaccinated children, was evaluated in sera from acute cases of TBE, collected for diagnostic purposes, and from healthy human population and wild ruminants, collected for serosurvey purposes. The PRNT results were compared with the results of ELISA and HI tests. In acute TBE disease, most sera were positive for IgM antibodies by ELISA and with high HI antibody titers; neutralizing antibodies were detected in 71.4% of patients, at a very low titer (1:10 NT50) in almost all cases. Seroprevalences of 8% and 6.5% for anti‐TBE ELISA antibodies were found in healthy subjects and wild ruminants, respectively. Among anti‐TBE positive healthy subjects, a very low 1:10 NT50 titer was detected in 17.4% of cases, while NT80 titers ranging from 1:10 to 1:80 were detected in 65.2% of cases. Among wild ruminants, 90.9% of ELISA and HI positive samples showed a positive, ≥1:10 NT80 titer. In conclusion, neutralization assays can be useful for the diagnosis and serosurveys of TBE. J. Med. Virol. 81:665–671, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.