bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrophilic and hydrophobic copolymers of a polyaspartylhydrazide bearing positive charges as vector for gene therapy
Authors: Cavallaro Gennara , Licciardi Mariano , Mandracchia Delia , Pitarresi Giovanna , Giammona Gaetano 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The design of polymeric vectors for gene delivery provided with specific properties is one of the most critical aspects for a successful gene therapy. These polymers should be biocompatible as well as able to carry efficiently DNA to target tissues and to transfect it into cells.RESULTS: The formation of complexes of poly[(α,β‐asparthylhydrazide)–poly(ethylene glycol)] and poly[(α,β‐asparthylhydrazide)–hexadecylamine] copolymers functionalised with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (PAHy–PEG‐GTA and PAHy–C16‐GTA, respectively) with DNA was studied. The effects of the introduction of hydrophilic (PEG) or hydrophobic (C16) moieties on the chains of PAHy–GTA copolymers, such as the stabilising effect on the DNA structure, were evaluated. In particular, we observed a high DNA protection by PAHy–PEG‐GTA copolymers. Degradation studies led us to suppose a particular aqueous conformation of the polyionic complex of PAHy–PEG2000‐GTA in which DNA should be internalised into an inner core surrounded by a PEG hydrophilic shell; while no significant protection was detected with PAHy–C16‐GTA in which DNA should be disposed on the surface of the complex, freely exposed to DNase II action.CONCLUSION: The insertion of PEG or C16 chains into the polymeric structure of PAHy–GTA copolymers changes significantly the DNA complexing and protecting ability of the PAHy–GTA copolymers, showing that hydrophilic and hydrophobic side chains can play a crucial role in supramolecular arrangements of interpolyelectrolyte complexes between DNA and PAHy copolymers. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteome analysis of apoptosis signaling by S‐trityl‐L‐cysteine, a potent reversible inhibitor of human mitotic kinesin Eg5
Authors: Kozielski Frank , Skoufias Dimitrios A. , Indorato Rose‐Laure , Saoudi Yasmina , Jungblut Peter R. , Hustoft Hanne K. , Strozynski Margarita , Thiede Bernd 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMitotic kinesins represent potential drug targets for anticancer chemotherapy. Inhibitors of different chemical classes have been identified that target human Eg5, a kinesin responsible for the establishment of the bipolar spindle. One potent Eg5 inhibitor is S‐trityl‐L‐cysteine (STLC), which arrests cells in mitosis and exhibits tumor growth inhibition activity. However, the underlying mechanism of STLC action on the molecular level is unknown. Here, cells treated with STLC were blocked in mitosis through activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint as shown by the phosphorylated state of BubR1 and the accumulation of mitosis specific phosphorylation on histone H3 and aurora A kinase. Using live cell imaging, we observed prolonged mitotic arrest and subsequent cell death after incubation of GFP‐α‐tubulin HeLa cells with STLC. Activated caspase‐9 occurred before cleavage of caspase‐8 leading to the accumulation of the activated executioner caspase‐3 suggesting that STLC induces apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Proteome analysis following STLC treatment revealed 33 differentially regulated proteins of various cellular processes, 31 of which can be linked to apoptotic cell death. Interestingly, four identified proteins, chromobox protein homolog, RNA‐binding Src associated in mitosis 68 kDa protein, stathmin, and translationally controlled tumor protein can be linked to mitotic and apoptotic processes.
Proteomic identification of specific glycosyltransferases functionally implicated for the biosynthesis of a targeted glyco‐epitope
Authors: Lin Chi‐Hung , Lin Chia‐Wei , Khoo Kay‐Hooi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFunctional glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses often entail correlating the mapped glycosylation pattern of a cell against the activities of specific glycosyltransferases it expresses. While the mRNA transcripts can be readily mapped, the expression of a functional glycosyltransferase at protein level has defied most current proteomic approaches. To enable identification of these low abundant Golgi residing membrane bound proteins, we have developed a novel semigel‐based shotgun proteomic workflow incorporating subcellular fractionation and one‐step affinity enrichment of the detergent solubilized Golgi preparation on resins derivatized with nucleotide diphosphates. Applying the strategy to a colonic adenocarcinoma, Colo205, which is known to aberrantly synthesize abundant fucosylated extended type 1 chain, we first validated that β3‐galactosyltransferase 5 (β3GalT5) is indeed the overexpressed β3GalT. This and β4GalT1 are the two galactosyltrasferases which were positively identified by proteomic analysis of the eluted fractions from uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐affinity column. Substituting UDP with a guanidine diphosphate (GDP)‐affinity column and monitoring the eluted fractions for enriched α3/4‐fucosyltransferase (FucT) activities, we then identified FucT3 and FucT6 as the two major α3/4FucTs expressed in Colo205 at the protein level. Our proteomic analysis demonstrated that not all GDP‐utilizing glycosyltransferases bind and are retained similarly by the GDP‐affinity column and that specific activity assay along with optimization of binding and elution conditions is critical for successful identification of a particular subset of the targeted glycosyltransferases. Only OFUT1, a protein O‐FucT, was additionally identified to coelute with the α3/4FucT activity, and not other GDP‐fucose utilizing FucTs.
Synthesis and thermolysis of Diels–Alder adducts of 2,9‐dialkylpentacenes with diethyl azodicarboxylate
Authors: Okamoto Kazuo , Shiodera Kouta , Kawamura Takumi , Ogino Kenji 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA series of Diels–Alder adducts of 2,9‐dialkylpentacenes with diethyl azodicarboxylate were synthesized, and their thermolysis behaviors or retro‐Diels–Alder reactions to regenerate dialkylpentacene were investigated via thermogravimetric analysis, IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Synthesized Diels–Alder adducts or precursors formed stable molecular glass. The transparent films on glass slide or silicon wafer were easily fabricated by cast or spin‐coating process. The precursors were smoothly converted to corresponding dialkylpentacenes by heating at 300°C. The domain size of regenerated dialkylpentacenes was in the range of 50–200 µm. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron ionisation and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric study of a series of isomeric methyl‐, dimethyl‐ and trimethylalloxazines
Authors: Prukała Dorota , Prukała Wiesław , Koczorowski Ryszard , Khmelinskii Igor V. , Sikorska Ewa , Sikorski Marek 
Published: January 2008

AbstractElectron ionisation (EI) mass spectra and electrospray ionisation (ESI) mass spectra at different cone voltages of a series of isomeric methyl‐ and dimethylalloxazines are discussed, and compared with those of lumichrome, and 1‐ and 3‐methyllumichrome. Examination of ESI mass spectra taken at a higher cone voltage and the use of isotope‐labelled methanol allow us to discuss the fragmentation pathways of [M+H]+ and [M–H]− ions. The fragmentation pathways of all of the compounds and the characteristic fragment ions formed in EI‐MS are compared with published data. The influence of methyl and dimethyl substituents in the benzene ring on the fragmentation pathways leading to the loss of 43 and 45 Da upon both electron and electrospray ionisation is described. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal boundary control of cardiac alternans
Authors: Dubljevic Stevan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAlternation of normal electrical activity in the myocardium is believed to be linked to the onset of life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In this paper, a spatially uniform unstable steady state of small amplitude of alternans described by parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) is stabilized by boundary optimal control methods. A finite dimensional linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is utilized in both a full‐state‐feedback control structure and in a compensator design with the Luenberger observer, and it achieves global stabilization in a finite size tissue cable length. The ability to realize such control algorithm is analyzed based on the structure of the amplitude of alternans equation and the control methodology applied. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of 5‐FOA and 5‐FU resistance by Saccharomyces cerevisiae YJL055W
Authors: Ko Nolan , Nishihama Ryuichi , Pringle John R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn a URA3/5‐FOA‐based dosage‐suppressor screen, we isolated a plasmid containing the little‐characterized ORF YJL055W. Further analysis showed that this gene did not suppress the mutation of interest. Instead, overexpression of Yjl055Wp directly suppressed the non‐viability of URA3+ cells in the presence of 5‐FOA. Overexpression of Yjl055Wp also suppressed the lethality induced by 5‐FU, but deletion of YJL055W had no detectable effect on resistance to either 5‐FOA or 5‐FU. Based on these observations and a previous report that a yjl055wΔ mutant has increased sensitivity to purine‐analogue mutagens, we suggest that Yjl055Wp may function in one of several pathways for the detoxification of base analogues. However, its precise mechanism of action remains unknown. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas chromatographic analysis for long chain sultones in olefin sulfonates
Authors: Callahan J. , Gildenberg L. , Omelczenko N. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract and SummaryA gas Chromatographic method is described for the analysis of tetradecane‐l,4‐sultone (C14 delta sultone) and the combination of 2‐chlorotetradecane‐1,3‐sultone (C14 2‐chloro gamma sultone), and 1‐tetradecene‐l,3‐sultone (C14 unsaturated gamma sultone) in neutral oils isolated from olefin sulfonate. Samples of the neutral oil are diluted in hexane and injected directly into the gas Chromatograph. Quantitative data are obtained by comparison to known amounts of the respective sultones. Through the use of silica gel column chromatography followed by gas chromatography of collected fractions, separation and individual quantitation of the 2‐chlorotetradecane‐1,3 sultone and l‐tetradecene‐l,3‐sultone can be obtained. Routine use for control purposes has shown the method to be reliable and interlaboratory agreement of data has been good.
Identification of sulfur compounds in rapeseed oil
Authors: Daun J. K. , Hougen F. W. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract and SummarySeven sulfur compounds were found in industrially extracted rapeseed oils. Four of these were identified as 3‐butenyl‐, 4‐pentenyl‐, and phenethyl isothiocyanate, and 5‐vinyl‐2‐oxazolidinethione. These compounds are hydrolysis products from glucosinolates present in the seed.
Recovery of short, medium, and long chain fatty acid methyl esters using wet halogenated hydrocarbons
Authors: MacGee Joseph , Allen Kenneth G. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract and SummaryFatty acid methyl esters are prepared and analyzed by gas liquid chromatography using a simple procedure that does not involve evaporation steps or drying of the final extract. The esters of fatty acids down to caproate (C6) are recovered quantitatively. The long chain fatty acid esters, including the polyunsaturated esters, are also recovered quantitatively and are at least as stable as esters isolated by conventional procedures. Preparation of the esters in methanolic reagents is followed by partition of the mixture between a small volume of ethylene chloride and a large volume of water. The lower halogenated hydrocarbon phase contains the methyl esters ready for analysis, and the aqueous phase contains the methanol, catalysts, and other water‐soluble materials.
The Impact of Surgical and Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization on the Cardiac Myocyte
Authors: Khabbaz Kamal R. , Levitsky Sidney 
Published: January 2008

AbstractRe‐establishing coronary blood flow to a segment of myocardium suffering from cessation or diminution of flow, either with surgical or percutaneous approaches, may be complicated by injury to the myocardium. During surgical revascularization with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), aortic cross‐clamping and subsequent reduction in oxygen transport to the myocardium may result in cardiac myocyte injury and myonecrosis. This injury can be compounded if protection of the myocardium using myocardial protective strategies is not adequate. Ischemia/reperfusion cellular alterations may contribute to this injury as well. Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) are also associated with myonecrosis resulting from side branch compromise, distal embolization of debris, and plugging of the microcirculation, as well as ischemia/reperfusion injury. Intracoronary filtering devices have not been shown to improve outcomes associated with such complications. Which revascularization strategy is associated with superior outcomes and less cardiac myocyte necrosis is an area of continuing controversy.
Analysis of Human Oral Mucosa Ex Vivo for Fatty Acid Compositions Using Fourier‐transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Yoshida Satoshi , Okazaki Yuhki , Yamashita Takumi , Ueda Hiroshi , Ghadimi Reza , Hosono Akihiro , Tanaka Tsutomu , Kuriki Kiyonori , Suzuki Sadao , Tokudome Shinkan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to develop an infrared spectroscopic technique (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance system; FTIR‐ATR) for non‐invasive measurement of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid compositions in human oral mucosa obtained from three nationalities; Iranian, Vietnamese, and Indonesian. The histogram patterns of fatty acid compositions for three nationalities suggest that the pattern of unsaturated fatty acids were quite different, although the distribution profiles of fatty acid to lipid ratios in FTIR‐ATR has a similar normal pattern with small difference in skewness and mode. The second derivative infrared spectra of the mucosal tissues in the wavenumber regions from 1,600 to 1,760 cm−1 and 2,800 to 3,050 cm−1 were analyzed with partial least squares (PLS) multivariate regression analysis method. With this analysis method we compared predicted values with the measured values of ten categorized fatty acid compositions, i.e., a(saturated C17 or lower), b(C16:1 + C17:1), c(C18:0), d(C18:1), e(C18:2), f(saturated C20 or longer), g(C20:3 + C20:4), h(C22:1 + C24:1), i(C22:6), j(γC18:3). Almost all fatty acid compositions of oral mucosa were well predicted with differences between predicted and measured values within ±5% of total, however, errors were relatively larger in minor components such as C22:6 than major components.
Physical and Chemical Characterizations of Normal and High‐Oleic Oils from Nine Commercial Cultivars of Peanut
Authors: Davis J. P. , Dean L. O. , Faircloth W. H. , Sanders T. H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDensity and viscosity data as a function of temperature (5–100 °C) were collected for oils (normal and high‐oleic) from nine cultivars of peanut. Density decreased linearly (R2 ≥ 0.99) with increasing temperature for all oils, whereas viscosity (dynamic or kinematic) decreased exponentially with increasing temperature. At any particular temperature, dynamic viscosity increased linearly (R2 ≥ 0.95) with decreasing oil density among the various oils. Slopes of the linear fits (with units of kinematic viscosity) for dynamic viscosity versus density plots decreased in an exponential fashion as the measurement temperature decreased. High‐oleic oils had both the lowest densities and highest viscosities, with viscosity differences being most apparent at cooler temperatures. Increasing contents of oleic acid, decreasing contents of linoleic acid, and decreasing contents of palmitic acid were each associated with decreased density and increased viscosity among the oils. Two of the three high‐oleic oils had the significantly (p < 0.05) highest content of total tocopherols, while the other high‐oleic oil was statistically grouped with the oils having the 2nd highest total tocopherol content. This suggests a link between increased total tocopherols and high‐oleic peanut oils; however, no obvious linear correlations were observed in tocopherol content and oil physical properties (density or viscosity).
Determination of Melting Points, Specific Heat Capacity and Enthalpy of Catfish Visceral Oil During the Purification Process
Authors: Sathivel Subramaniam , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Negulescu Ioan I. , King Joan M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChanges in melting points, enthalpy, and specific heat capacity of catfish visceral oil at each step of the purification process were studied. Melting points of −46.2 to 21.2 °C for crude oil, −45.9 to 11.5 °C for degummed oil, −44.3 to 11.4 °C for neutralized oil, −47.1 to 9.9 °C for bleached oil and −52.3 to 8.0 °C for deodorized oil were observed. Enthalpy (kJ/kg) was 74.1 for crude oil, 74.7 for degummed oil, 75.1 for neutralized oil, 79.3 for bleached oil, and 84.3 for deodorized oil. The specific heat capacities at 20 °C for crude, degummed, neutralized, bleached, and deodorized oils were 1.69, 1.96, 1.97, 1.91, and 1.83 kJ/kg °C, respectively.
POINCARÉ DUALITY FORK-THEORY OF EQUIVARIANT COMPLEX PROJECTIVE SPACES
Authors: GREENLEES J. P. C. , WILLIAMS G. R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe make explicitPoincaré dualityfor the equivariantK-theory of equivariant complex projective spaces. The case of the trivial group provides a new approach to theK-theory orientation [3].
OSCILLATION CRITERIA FOR CERTAIN DAMPED PDE'S WITH p-LAPLACIAN
Authors: XU ZHITING 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSome oscillation criteria are obtained for the damped PDE with p-Laplacian

The results established here are extensions of some classical oscillation theorems due to Fite-Wintner and Kamenev for second order ordinary differential equations, and improve and complement recent results of Mařík and Usami.
ON THE DIOPHANTINE EQUATION x2 + 5a 13b = yn
Authors: ABU MURIEFAH FADWA S. , LUCA FLORIAN , TOGBÉ ALAIN 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this note, we find all the solutions of the Diophantine equation x2 + 5a 13b = yn in positive integers x, y, a, b, n≥ 3 with x and y coprime.
THE UNIT SUM NUMBER OF SOME PROJECTIVE MODULES
Authors: ASHRAFI NAHID 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe unit sum number u(R) of a ring R is the least k such that every element is the sum of k units; if there is no such k then u(R) is ω or ∞ depending whether the units generate R additively or not. If RM is a left R-module, then the unit sum number of M is defined to be the unit sum number of the endomorphism ring of M. Here we show that if R is a ring such that R/J(R) is semisimple and $\Z_{2}$ is not a factor of R/J(R) and if P is a projective R-module such that JP ≪ P, (JP small in P), then u(P)= 2. As a result we can see that if P is a projective module over a perfect ring then u(P)=2.
Single-mutation-induced stability loss in protein lysozyme
Authors: Ye L. , Wu Z. , Eleftheriou M. , Zhou R. 
Published: January 2008

Recent NMR experiments have revealed that a single residue mutation W62G on protein hen's-egg white lysozyme can cause a dramatic loss of long-range interactions and protein stability; however, the molecular mechanism for this surprising phenomenon is not completely clear. In this mini-review, we have summarized some of our recent work on the molecular mechanism with large-scale molecular modelling, and also utilized a new wavelet method to analyse the local structural clusters present in both the wild-type and mutant folding trajectories. These extensive MD (Molecular Dynamics) simulations (10+ μs) were performed in 8 M urea, mimicking the experimental condition. Detailed analyses revealed that the Trp62 residue is the key to a co-operative long-range interaction within the wild-type protein: it acts as a bridge between neighbouring basic residues, mainly arginine residues, through π-type hydrogen bonds or π-cation interactions to form an Arg-Trp-Arg ‘sandwich-like’ local structure. The local cluster near Trp62 further extends its interaction to other clusters, such as the one near Trp111, through Arg112, which is involved in such an Arg-Trp-Arg bridging structure, thus achieving the long-range interactions for the wild-type. On the other hand, the mutant does not have this bridging effect and forms much less local clusters or contacts, and therefore results in a much less stable structure. Overall, these findings not only support the general conclusions of the experiment, but also provide a detailed but somewhat different molecular picture of the disruption of the long-range interactions.
Reports on Subfields of Physics: Elementary-Particle Physics
Authors: Schechter Bruce 
Published: January 2008

In the past 20 years the subnuclear world—which, due to a seemingly endless supply of “elementary” particles, was once likened to a zoo—has become a gratifyingly orderly place. The Elementary-Particle Physics Panel of the physics survey committee begins its report with a summary of the astounding progress of the last two decades: the emergence of a standard model of the universe as being made of quarks and leptons bound together by photons, gluons and W and Z particles; the unification of the weak and electromagnetic forces in a single gauge-field theory; the understanding of baryon and meson structure in terms of quantum chromodynamics; the theory of interacting quarks and gluons; the possibility of a grand unification of all of the forces of nature; and the convergence of elementary-particle physics and cosmology, each helping to elucidate the other. So much, the panel report explains, has been achieved. But many questions remain:
▸ What is the origin of mass, and what sets the masses of the different elementary particles? Is the Higgs hypothesis—which seeks to explain the breaking of symmetry—correct, and can the Higgs particles be found? If the Higgs hypothesis is wrong, what will replace it?
▸ Are there quark and lepton generations beyond the three already known? Why do these particles form generations?
▸ Are the quarks and leptons truly elementary, or does matter have a still deeper level of structure?
▸ Are new theoretical ideas like technicolor and supersymmetry correct? Can the strong and electroweak interactions be unified?
▸ Are there as yet undiscovered fundamental forces?