bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Broad Spectrum of Responses to Oxidants in Proliferating Cells: A New Paradigm for Oxidative Stress
Authors: Davies Kelvin J. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractProliferating mammalian cells exhibit a broad spectrum of responses to oxidative stress, depending on the stress level encountered. Very low levels of hydrogen peroxide, e.g., 3 to 15 mu M, or 0.1 to 0.5 mu mol/107 cells, cause a significant mitogenic response, 25% to 45% growth stimulation. Greater concentrations of H2O2, 120 to 150 mu M, or 2 to 5 mu mol/107 cells, cause a temporary growth arrest that appears to protect cells from excess energy use and DNA damage. After 4 6 h of temporary growth arrest, many cells will exhibit up to a 40‐fold transient adaptive response in which genes for oxidant protection and damage repair are preferentially expressed. After 18 h of H2O2 adaptation (including the 4‐6h of temporary growth arrest) cells exhibit maximal protection against oxidative stress. The H2O2 originally added is metabolized within 30‐40min, and if no more is added the cells will gradually de‐adapt, so that by 36h after the initial H2O2 stimulus they have returned to their original level of H2O2 sensitivity. At H2O2 concentrations of 250 to 400 mu M, or 9 to 14 mu mol/107 cells, mammalian fibroblasts are not able to adapt but instead enter a permanently growth‐arrested state in which they appear to perform most normal cell functions but never divide again. This state of permanent growth arrest has often been confused with cell death in toxicity studies relying solely on cell proliferation assays as measures of viability. If the oxidative stress level is further increased to 0.5 to 1.0 mM H2O2, or 15 to 30 mu mol/107 cells, apoptosis results. This oxidative stressinduced apoptosis involves nuclear condensation, loss of mitochon/drial transmembrane potential, degradation/down‐regulation of mitochondrial mRNAs and rRNAs, and degradation laddering of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. At very high H2O2 concentrations of 5.0 to 10.0 mM, or 150 to 300 mu mol/107 cells and above, cell membranes disintegrate, proteins and nucleic acids denature, and necrosis swiftly follows. Cultured cells grown in 20% oxygen are essentially preadapted or preselected to survive under conditions of oxidative stress. If cells are instead grown in 3% oxygen, much closer to physiological cellular levels, they are more sensitive to an oxidative challenge but exhibit far less accumulated oxidant damage. This broad spectrum of cellular responses to oxidant stress, depending on the amount of oxidant applied and the concentration of oxygen in the cell culture system, provides for a new paradigm of cellular oxidative stress responses.
Effects of Vanadate on Expression of Liver Arginase in Experimental Diabetic Rats
Authors: Upadhyaya Salimuddin Kailash C. , Baquer Najma Z. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis work was carried out to study the effects of vanadate on the expression of liver‐type arginase in experimentally induced diabetes in the rat. The results showed that the activity and mRNA levels of arginase were increased significantly in the diabetic condition. Vanadate treatment reversed the increased activity and restored mRNA levels of arginase almost to the control values. The reversal effects of vanadate were found to be similar to those of insulin, and this further confirms the insulin‐like effects of vanadate. ELISA and slot‐blot assay observations were consistent with the biochemical measurements of enzyme activity. The increase in arginase activity and mRNA levels in diabetes and the decrease in insulin‐ and vanadate‐treated animals may be due to the transcriptional regulation of arginase.
Association Between Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Isbir Turgay , Yilmaz Hulya , Agachan Bedia , Aydin Makbule , Isbir C. Selim 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) is associated with myocardial infarction and other cardiac pathology. There is evidence for a role of the renin‐angiotensin system in cell growth and in the repair of damaged arterial walls, so the ACE gene is postulated to be a candidate gene affecting the important clinical problem of coronary artery disease (CAD). In view of the clinical importance of the ACE as a major marker of cardiovascular diseases, we investigated the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene in Turkish CAD patients in comparison with control subjects to evaluate a possible association between CAD and the gene encoding ACE. Polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and agarose gel electrophoresis techniques were used to determine the ACE genotype in 58 subjects. The frequencies of ACE D and ACE I allele among the patients with CAD were 62.26% and 37.73% and in the control subjects were 49.3% and 50.76%, respectively. The greater frequency of deletion allele (D) was in the CAD group than in the control subjects was significant (P < 0.01).
Isolation and Characterization of a New Trypsin Inhibitor from Crotalaria paulina Seeds
Authors: Pando Luiza A. , Ciero Luciana Di , Novello Jose C. , Oliveira Benedito , Weder Jurgen K. P. , Marangoni Sergio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new trypsin inhibitor (CPTI) has been isolated from Crotalaria paulina seeds. Purification of the inhibitor was carried out by gel filtration, ion‐exchange chromatography, and subsequent reversed‐phase HPLC. The presence of a single polypeptide chain, with a molecular mass of 20 kDa and isoelectric point 4.0, was detected. The trypsin inhibitor had a K i value of 4.5 X 10 ‐8 M and was capable of acting on human, bovine, and porcine trypsin and weakly on bovine chymotrypsin. Amino acid analysis showed that CPTI has a high content of aspartate, glutamate, leucine, serine, and glycine, having 177 amino acid residues in its composition. These data suggest that the protein belongs to the Kunitz‐type trypsin inhibitors.
Mechanism of Oxidative Damage to Fish Red Blood Cells by Ozone
Authors: Fukunaga Kenji , Nakazono Naoki , Suzuki Tetsuya , Takama Kozo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe present study was conducted to elucidate the adverse effects of ozone exposure on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) red blood cells (RBCs). We evaluated whether hemoglobin (Hb) or Hb‐derived free iron could participate in the RBC damage using an in vitro ozone exposure system. Ozone exposure induced hemolysis, formation of methemoglobin, and RBC membrane lipid peroxidation. This RBC damage was not suppressed by the addition of a specific iron chelator (deferoxamine mesilate) to the medium but was suppressed by carbon monoxide (CO) treatment before ozone exposure. Generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in RBC was observed upon ozone exposure but was significantly suppressed by CO treatment before ozone exposure. Thus the Hb status (i.e., Hb redox condition) and H2O2 generation in RBC should play important roles in mediating RBC damage by ozone exposure. In other words, neither ozone nor its derivative directly attacked from the outside of the cell, but ozone that penetrated through the membrane derived the reactive oxygen species from Hb inside of the cell.
Signature Sequences for the Galectin‐4 Subfamily
Authors: Jiang Weiping , Puch Sabine , Guo Xiaoxuan , Bhavanandan Veer P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSummary Galectins are a distinct family of animal lectins that have a cation‐independent affinity for beta‐galactoside sugars and share characteristic amino acid sequences. The cDNA encoding rabbit bladder galectin‐4 has been cloned and sequenced (GenBank accession no. AF091738). The deduced 328 amino acid sequence predicts a multidomain structure consisting of an N‐terminal peptide (19 residues) and two carbohydrate recognition domains (130 residues each) connected by a linker region (49 residues). Comparison of rabbit galectin‐4 with related proteins reveals that two peptide motifs, M‐A‐F/Y‐V‐P‐A‐P‐G‐Y‐Q‐P‐T‐Y‐N‐P‐T‐L‐P‐Y in the N terminus and A‐F‐H‐F‐N‐P‐R‐F‐D‐G‐W‐D‐K‐V‐V‐F in the first carbohydrate recognition domain are highly conserved in human, pig, rat, and mouse galectin‐4 as well as in mouse galectin‐6. The two peptide motifs are proposed here as the signature sequences to identify new members of the galectin‐4 subfamily.
Cloning, Structural Characterization, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Flower MADS-Box Genes from Crocus (Crocus sativusL.)
Authors: Tsaftaris Athanasios S. , Polidoros Alexios N. , Pasentsis Konstantinos , Kalivas Apostolos 
Published: July 2007

Crocus (Crocus sativusL.) is a crop species cultivated for its flowers and, more specifically, for its red stigmas. The flower of crocus is bisexual and sterile, since crocus is a triploid species. Its perianth consists of six petaloid tepals: three tepals in whorl 1 (outer tepals) and three tepals in whorl 2 (inner tepals). The androecium consists of three distinct stamens and the gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil with three carpels, a single three-branched style, and an inferior ovary. The dry form of the stigmas constitutes the commercial saffron used as a food additive, in the coloring industry, and in medicine. In order to uncover and understand the molecular mechanisms controlling flower development in cultivated crocus and its relative wild progenitor species, and characterize a number of crocus flower mutants, we have cloned and characterized different, full-length, cDNA sequences encoding MADS-box transcription factor proteins involved in flower formation.Here we review the different methods followed or developed for obtaining these sequences involving conventional 5' 3' RACE, as well as newly developed methods from our group, named Rolling Circle Amplification – RACE (RCA-RACE) and its modification named familyRCA-RACE (famRCA-RACE). Furthermore, the characteristics of the protein structure and their common and specific domains for each type of MADS-box transcription factors in this lower nongrass monocot belonging to the Iridaceae family are described. Finally, a phylogenetic tree of all the MADS-box sequences available in our lab is presented and discussed in relation to other data from studies of species of the Iridaceae group and closely related families from an evolutionary perspective. The structural and phylogenetic analyses are based on both published and unpublished data.
AnUstilago maydisGene Involved in H2O2 Detoxification Is Required for Virulence
Authors: Molina Lázaro , Kahmann Regine 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe fungus Ustilago maydis is a biotrophic pathogen of maize (Zea mays). In its genome we have identified an ortholog of YAP1 (for Yeast AP-1-like) from Saccharomyces cerevisae that regulates the oxidative stress response in this organism. yap1 mutants of U. maydis displayed higher sensitivity to H2O2 than wild-type cells, and their virulence was significantly reduced. U. maydis yap1 could partially complement the H2O2 sensitivity of a yap1 deletion mutant of S. cerevisiae, and a Yap1-green fluorescent protein fusion protein showed nuclear localization after H2O2 treatment, suggesting that Yap1 in U. maydis functions as a redox sensor. Mutations in two Cys residues prevented accumulation in the nucleus, and the respective mutant strains showed the same virulence phenotype as Δyap1 mutants. Diamino benzidine staining revealed an accumulation of H2O2 around yap1 mutant hyphae, which was absent in the wild type. Inhibition of the plant NADPH oxidase prevented this accumulation and restored virulence. During the infection, Yap1 showed nuclear localization after penetration up to 2 to 3 d after infection. Through array analysis, a large set of Yap1-regulated genes were identified and these included two peroxidase genes. Deletion mutants of these genes were attenuated in virulence. These results suggest that U. maydis is using its Yap1-controlled H2O2 detoxification system for coping with early plant defense responses.
Chernobyl exposure as stressor during pregnancy and behaviour in adolescent offspring
Authors: Huizink A. C. , Dick D. M. , Sihvola E. , Pulkkinen L. , Rose R. J. , Kaprio J. 
Published: July 2007

Objective:  Research in animals has shown that exposure to stressors during pregnancy is associated with offspring behavioural disorders. We aimed to study the effect of in utero exposure to the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, and maternal anxiety presumably associated with that exposure, on behaviour disorder observed at age 14.Method:  Exposed (n = 232) and non‐exposed Finnish twins (n = 572) were compared. A semi‐structured interview was used to assess lifetime symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms.Results:  Adolescents who were exposed from the second trimester in pregnancy onwards, had a 2.32‐fold risk (95% CI: 1.13–4.72) of having lifetime depression symptoms, an increased risk of fulfilling DSM‐III‐R criteria of a major depressive disorder (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.06–5.7), and a 2.01‐fold risk (95% CI: 1.14–3.52) of having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms.Conclusion:  Perturbations in fetal brain development during the second trimester may be associated with the increased prevalence of depressive and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms.
Autofrettage theory and fatigue life of open-ended cylinders
Authors: Rees D W A 
Published: July 2007

Two new theories of autofrettage are presented for an open-ended, thick-walled cylinder which can take into account work-hardening in the presence of small plastic strains based upon equivalent uniaxial stress-strain data. They apply to an internally pressurised cylinder where the axial force is not reacted by the cylinder wall, as is the case with the closed-end or plane strain condition, but where a close fitting internal piston or plug is supported separately to contain the pressure. It is shown that solutions to the wall stress distributions depend upon the initial yield condition. Both the Tresca and von Mises flow rules are employed to determine applied and residual stress distributions for given elastic-plastic radii in the wall of the cylinder, assuming purely elastic unloading. Since the Tresca theory does not specifically account for the open-end condition the von Mises theory is taken to be the more realistic, particularly for cylinder diameter ratios ( W) in excess of ≈3, where the largest discrepancies between theories arise. It is reasoned, from previous experimental observations, that the greatest benefit autofrettage has on fatigue strength applies to an optimum pressure for which the equivalent residual stress in the bore has not involved reversed yielding. The onset of reversed yielding may be estimated most realistically with an account of the Bauschinger effect as supplied by the rule of kinematic hardening. In order to further appraise these theories they are employed to predict the fatigue life of fully autofrettaged W = 2, Ni-Cr-Mo cylinders. For this purpose the stress intensity factor calibration of Parker and Farrow is used and that of Bowie and Freese is modified to account for the presence of the residual stress. Comparisons made with available experimentally-determined fatigue lives confirm that a non-hardening assumption is acceptable with this cylinder geometry.
Elastic analysis of the flexed plate impact test
Authors: Reed P E 
Published: July 2007

A linear elastic analysis for central loading of a circular plate, simply supported (unclamped) on a ring, is developed from established plate theory. The analysis includes equations for the force-deflection relationship until failure is initiated, and also the stresses due to bending within the loaded plate. Equations for the maximum stress in the central region where fracture initiates are given as a possible basis for failure criteria. The analytical method is applied to a poly (methyl methacrylate) plate and compared with experimental data obtained from an instrumented falling weight impact test on the same material. Close agreement of theory with experiment is obtained until fracture initiates by radical cracking from the centre. A criterion of failure for the brittle material tested is proposed for the impact test, using strengths determined from a standard tensile test.
An assessment of frozen stress photoelasticity
Authors: Fessler H 
Published: July 2007

The frozen stress technique is compared with other experimental and numerical techniques. The frozen stress technique gives elastic stresses due to steady loading, but is the only experimental technique which can give interior stresses; the others are limited to free surfaces, but can be used to give plastic and creep strains. The requirements for frozen stress work are set out and the types of results which can be obtained are stated. Finite element analysis is the only real alternative for the interior of components and surfaces which are inaccessible due to the proximity of other components.
A model technique for bending strength of tubular joints
Authors: Fessler H , Hassell W , Hyde T H 
Published: July 2007

One shape of ‘Y—T’ joint has been die-cast in a tin-lead alloy. Twenty-one models have been tested in in-plane or out-of-plane bending, loading one or both braces. The results are presented non-dimensionally as Ultimate Strength Reduction Ratios (USRR) i.e., as fractions of (simply calculated) bending moments which would have ensured failure of the brace remote from the joint. The results from the tin-lead models agreed with relevant results from steel models. Parametric equations derived mainly from ‘T’ joint data predict the failure of 90 degree braces well, but underestimate the strength of 45 degree braces in in-plane and out-of-plane bending. Plastic collapse occurs on the compressed side of the braces before tearing on the tension side.
Modelling the influence of filler particles on surface geometry in drawn pet film
Authors: Gerlach C F G , Dunne F P E , Jones D P , Mills P D A , Zahlan N 
Published: July 2007

The large strain deformation behaviour of particle-filled PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film has been investigated numerically in a parametric study employing the ABAQUS finite element solver. The behaviour of PET has been modelled by Mooney-Rivlin rubber elasticity theory. The results of the parametric study show that small variations in the particle characteristics lead to significant differences in the surface characteristics, which are likely to change the friction and manufacturing properties of the film material. A simple methodology has been established for relating the particle characteristics to the surface properties. Process design rules have been developed, from which the surface characteristics can be determined from a knowledge of the particle characteristics. Good comparisons have been achieved between surface characteristics obtained numerically and those obtained from the simple design rules.
An assessment of the notch stress-strain conversion rules for short flat bars with projections subjected to axial and shear loading
Authors: Hardy S J , Pipelzadeh M K 
Published: July 2007

This paper compares finite element predictions of strain and strain range for short flat bars with projections and values estimated using simple notch stress-strain conversion (NSSC) rules. Results of six geometries, associated with local and remote restraints and under both axial and shear loading conditions, are presented. Also, some previously published experimental and numerical results for other two-dimensional problems are compared with NSSC rule estimates and the findings discussed in association with the findings from the current work. The comparison has indicated that the choice of the most suitable NSSC rule is both geometry and load dependent. It is suggested that the intermediate rule with an m value of ∼ 0.6 may be more appropriate under extreme conditions of large stress concentration factor (generally associated with local restraints or loading) and high load.
Effects of local departures from nominal dimensions on stresses in thin torispherical end closures
Authors: Tafreshi A , Thorpe T E 
Published: July 2007

A detailed survey (1-4)† of the variations in crown curvature, knuckle curvature and thickness of a number of thin torispherical pressure vessel ends has shown that actual dimensions may differ significantly from nominal dimensions. Numerical stress analysis using the finite element method has been carried out to assess the effects of these shape imperfections on the stresses in some of the thin torispherical pressure vessel ends considered in reference (4). The results have been compared with those for the corresponding perfect ends. In several cases significant increases in stress levels are predicted due to thickness and especially curvature variations.
No association between the DAT1 10‐repeat allele and ADHD in the Iranian population
Authors: Banoei M.M. , Majidizadeh T. , Shirazi E. , Moghimi N. , Ghadiri M. , Najmabadi H. , Ohadi M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAssociation studies between attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the 10‐repeat allele of a polymorphism (a 40 bp variable number of tandem repeats) in the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) have resulted in mixed findings in different populations. We performed a case/control study to clarify the contribution of this allele with ADHD in the Iranian population. No association was observed between the 10‐allele and disease (χ2 = 0.081, P < 0.9). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the homozygosity of this allele between the case and control groups (χ2 = 0.022, P < 0.9). Implication of the dopamine transporter gene in the pathophysiology of ADHD warrants investigation of other functional polymorphisms within this gene in the Iranian ADHD patients. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gold‐Coated Transition‐Metal Anion [Mn13@Au20]‐ with Ultrahigh Magnetic Moment.
Authors: Wang Jinlan , Bai Jaeil , Jellinek Julius , Zeng Xiao Cheng 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phase Equilibrium in the Cerium‐Poor Ce—Ni—Cu System.
Authors: Wang J. , Pisch A. , Fluekiger R. , Jorda J. L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Cobalt—Nickel Alloys Prepared by Mechanical Alloying.
Authors: Garcia‐Contreras M. A. , Fernandez‐Valverde S. M. , Vargas‐Garcia J. R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydrogen Absorption and Desorption in Nanocrystalline LaMg2Ni.
Authors: Di Chio M. , Schiffini L. , Enzo S. , Cocco G. , Baricco M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Flux Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy of Two Indium Silicates Containing Varied In—O Coordination Geometries.
Authors: Hung Ling‐I , Wang Sue‐Lein , Kao Hsien‐Ming , Lii Kwang‐Hwa 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Selective Supramolecular Catalyzed Allylic Alcohol Isomerization.
Authors: Leung Dennis H. , Bergman Robert G. , Raymond Kenneth N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.