bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tamoxifen induces masculinization of genetic females and regulates P450 aromatase and müllerian inhibiting substance mRNA expression in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Authors: Kitano Takeshi , Yoshinaga Norifumi , Shiraishi Eri , Koyanagi Takashi , Abe Shin‐Ichi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractJapanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, provides an excellent model to elucidate the roles of sex steroid hormones in gonadal sex differentiation because the sex is easily altered by sex steroid treatments or water temperature control during the sex differentiation. We have previously shown that high water temperature, an aromatase inhibitor (fadrozole), or 17α‐methyltestosterone treatment causes the sex‐reversal from genetic females to phenotypic males and suppression of mRNA expression of ovary‐type P450 aromatase (P450arom), which is a steroidogenic enzyme responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens, in Japanese flounder. In the present study, we demonstrate that treatment of the genetic females with anti‐estrogen (tamoxifen) leads to their masculinization, suppresses P450arom mRNA expression, and induces mRNA expression of Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), a member of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily, while it has no effect on mRNAs expression of estrogen receptor‐α (ERα) and ERβ. In contrast, 17β‐estradiol counteracted masculinization of the genetic females by tamoxifen or high water temperature treatment, up‐regulated P450arom mRNA expression, and down‐regulated MIS mRNA expression. These results strongly suggest that estrogen signaling through ERs dramatically influences the gonadal sex differentiation by regulating P450arom and MIS mRNA expression. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1171–1177, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antocholinergics in patients with overactive bladder: Assessment of ambulatory urodynamics and patient perception
Authors: Oh Seung‐June , Son Hwancheol , Jeong Jeong Yun , Ku Ja Hyeon 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether ambulatory urodynamic monitoring (AUM) may reflect patient perception of bladder condition and treatment benefit in patients with overactive bladder (OAB).MethodsA total of 33 women and 7 men 23 to 72 years old who were undergoing AUM were included in this study. At baseline, patients were asked to complete the following information in the micturition chart for 3 consecutive days. Patients were given anticholinergics once daily for the 2 weeks. Two weeks after the treatment, all patients received an identical repeat study.ResultsMost parameters of AUM, micturition chart and patient perception were improved 2 weeks after treatment. However, when Spearman correlation coefficients were performed, all AUM parameters did not correlate with patient perception of bladder condition after treatment although some AUM parameters regarding incontinence were associated with patient perception of bladder condition at baseline. In addition, when patients were divided as the ‘no or some benefit’ group (n = 25) and the ‘much benefit’ group (n = 15), all AUM parameters except total voided volume (P = 0.004) were not significantly different in the two groups.ConclusionsBecause patients with pelvic floor dysfunction have widely varying expectations from treatment, the patient's goal for treatment is highly subjective. Our findings suggest that AUM does not take into account the patient perception of disease severity, and correlations between the patient view of treatment outcome and objective measures are poor. Therefore, strategies for assessing OAB should incorporate self‐perceived disease condition. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:789–793, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From expert opinion to evidence‐based: changes in the gold standard of primary brain tumour diagnosis
Authors: Kros JM 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSince 1997, significant progress has been made in the WHO guidelines for the diagnosis of primary tumours of the central nervous system. A large group of international experts was involved in editing the content; consensus on definitions and classifications was sought; and updated findings of genomic investigations were included. Nevertheless, significant inter‐observer variability still exists in the histopathological diagnosis of several tumour types. The challenge for the near future is to identify histological and genotypic characteristics with prognostic or predictive value. With that aim, testing histological or molecular parameters in prospective clinical studies is indicated. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Segmentierte Mikrochip‐Falle für kalte Ionen
Authors: Schulz Stephan , Schmidt‐Kaler Ferdinand 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Speicherung von kalten Ionenkristallen in einer Paul‐Falle gilt als ein erfolgversprechender Ansatz für die experimentelle Realisierung eines zukünftigen Quantencomputers. Nachdem das Funktionsprinzip für eine geringe Anzahl Ionen demonstriert werden konnte, steht nun die Skalierbarkeit dieser Methode auf eine große Zahl von Ionen im Brennpunkt der Forschung. Unsere Gruppe an der Universität Ulm hat kürzlich eine mikroskopische und in eine Vielzahl von Segmenten aufgeteilte Paul‐Falle gebaut.
Die Ramsey‐Methode in der Präzisions‐Massenspektrometrie
Authors: George Sebastian , Blaum Klaus , Kretzschmar Martin , Schweikhard Lutz 
Published: June 2007

AbstractJedes Atom ist auf einzigartige Weise durch seine Masse und damit die Bindungsenergien in Kern und Hülle charakterisiert. Durch die Verwendung der Ramsey‐Methode ist es kürzlich gelungen, bei gleichbleibender Genauigkeit eine Messzeitreduzierung von einer Größenordnung zu erreichen. Damit werden Präzisionsmassenmessungen an sehr kurzlebigen Kernen möglich.
Formschinken à la de Gennes
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMit dem Begriff Formschinken verbinden die meisten Menschen nichts Gutes. Das muss aber nicht sein. Außerdem hat Formschinken viel mit Physik und biophysikalischer Klebetechnik zu tun. Wir ergründen und genießen die Physik an einem selbst geformten Petersilienschinken, der sich auf französisch vornehmer “jambon persillé” nennt.
Comparative proteomic study of acute pulmonary embolism in a rat model
Authors: Li Sheng‐qing , Qi Hao‐wen , Wu Chang‐gui , Zhang Xiao‐jun , Yang Shu‐guang , Zhao Xin , Wu Zhe , Wang Yu , Que Hai‐ping , Liu Shao‐jun 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPulmonary embolism (PE) is a common, potentially fatal disease, whose blood clots originate from the deep venous system of the lower extremities. PE is of clinical importance because of the considerable mortality and morbidity. In this study, at first we established a rat PE model by injecting 3–4 emboli into the left jugular vein. Before collecting the lung tissues, we perfused them with saline through the right jugular vein and at the same time cut off the right carotid to remove the blood. Then we separated and identified differentially expressed proteins in lung tissues at different time points using the techniques of 2‐DE and MS. After image analysis of 2‐DE gels, 46 protein spots of interest were excised from the gels and identified by MALDI‐TOF‐MS. Thirty‐two protein spots of them found their corresponding protein candidates in the database. These proteins are associated with distinct aspects of PE such as the contractive function of smooth muscles, metabolism of energy, collagen and toxicant, cellular differentiation, apoptosis and injury, blood pressure adjustment, maintaining of acid–base balance, and so on. Ten of the identified proteins were validated by semiquantitative RT‐PCR, and three of them were further validated by Western blot analysis. The differential expression patterns of these proteins suggest the distinct roles they may play in different stages of the rat PE model, and information from this study may be helpful to uncover the pathophysiologic molecular mechanisms involved in PE.
Effects of non‐invasive pressure support ventilation (NI‐PSV) on ventilation and respiratory effort in very low birth weight infants
Authors: Ali Nabeel , Claure Nelson , Alegria Ximena , D'Ugard Carmen , Organero Roberto , Bancalari Eduardo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundNasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) is used to provide support to non‐intubated infants, but it often fails. Pressure support ventilation (PSV) is a mode of synchronized ventilation that can supplement the spontaneous breathing effort, but it is unknown if it is effective in non‐intubated very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.ObjectivesTo compare the acute physiological effects of non‐invasive PSV (NI‐PSV) versus NCPAP on tidal volume (VT), minute ventilation (VE), gas exchange, breathing effort, and chest wall distortion in VLBW infants.MethodsStable preterm infants of birth weight less 1,250 g were studied during consecutive 2 hr periods of NCPAP and NI‐PSV in random sequence. VT, VE, and thoraco‐abdominal synchrony were measured using respiratory inductance plethysmography. Breathing effort was measured by esophageal manometry. Gas exchange was measured by pulse oximetry and transcutaneous PCO2.ResultsFifteen infants of birth weight (mean ± SD) 808 ± 201 g and 25.9 ± 1.8 weeks gestational age were studied while on NCPAP 5.3 ± 0.6 cm H2O and on NI‐PSV with 7.9 ± 1.3 cm H2O above NCPAP of pressure support. There were no differences in VT, VE, PCO2 or hypoxemia episodes. Peak and minute inspiratory effort were significantly reduced in NI‐PSV mode as compared to NCPAP. There was a significant reduction in indices of chest wall asynchrony in NI‐PSV mode.ConclusionWhen compared to NCPAP, NI‐PSV did not increase minute ventilation, but it effectively unloaded the patient's respiratory pump as indicated by a lower inspiratory effort and reduced chest wall distortion. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:704–710. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Defects in N+ion‐implanted ZnO single crystals studied by positron annihilation and Hall effect
Authors: Brauer G. , Anwand W. , Skorupa W. , Kuriplach J. , Melikhova O. , Cizek J. , Prochazka I. , von Wenckstern H. , Brandt M. , Lorenz M. , Grundmann M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHigh quality ZnO single crystals of dimensions 10 x 10 x 0.5 mm3, grown by a hydrothermal approach, have been implanted by 40 keV N+ions to a fluence of 1 x 1015cm–2at room temperature. Their properties revealed by positron annihilation and Hall effect measurements are given in the as‐grown and as‐irradiated states, and after post‐implantation annealing in an oxygen ambient at 200 °C and 500 °C. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tunnel detrapping of self‐trapped positronium in SrF2 single crystal
Authors: Bondarev I. V. , Inoue K. , Suzuki N. , Hyodo T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe develop a model to explain the temperature dependence of the delocalized Ps fraction in SrF2. The model accounts for both classical and tunnel detrapping mechanisms. We show that it is this model that reproduces the available experimental data well throughout the entire temperature range, thus demonstrating an important role of the temperature activated tunnel detrapping for the self‐trapped Ps in SrF2. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Applications of positron annihilation to dermatology and skin cancer
Authors: Liu Guang , Chen Hongmin , Chakka Lakshmi , Gadzia Joseph E. , Jean Y. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPositronium annihilation lifetime experiments have been performed to investigate the interaction between skin cancer and positronium for human skin samples. Positronium annihilation lifetime is found to be shorter and intensity is found to be less for the samples with basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma than the normal skin samples. These results indicate a reduction of free volume in the molecular level for the skin with cancer with respect to the skin without cancer. Positron annihilation spectroscopy may be potentially developed as a new noninvasive and external method for dermatology clinics, early detection of cancer, and nano‐PET technology in the future. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Verifying the RTE model: ortho‐positronium lifetime measurement on controlled pore glasses
Authors: Thraenert S. , Hassan E. M. , Enke D. , Fuerst D. , Krause‐Rehberg R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn porous media, the vacuum lifetime of ortho‐positronium (o‐Ps) of τ = 142 ns can be reduced markedly by pick‐off annihilation (interaction with electrons of the host material). So the o‐Ps lifetime is determined by the pore size which can be extracted by utilising approved models like the Tao‐Eldrup model for pore sizes smaller than 1 nm and the Tokyo model or RTE model for larger pore sizes. The RTE model contains an explicit temperature dependence of the o‐Ps lifetime. Experiments on controlled pore glasses (CPG) with different pore sizes (2‐70 nm) at different temperatures (50‐500 K) were performed to verify the RTE model. A general agreement for T = 300 K could be found. The temperature dependence of the lifetime, especially for low temperatures, could not be approved sufficiently. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantitative chemical analysis of vacancy‐solute complexes in metallic solid solutions by coincidence Doppler broadening spectroscopy
Authors: Folegati P. , Dupasquier A. , Ferragut R. , Iglesias M. M. , Makkonen I. , Puska M. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLow background measurements of 1D momentum spectra of the positron annihilation radiation by the coincidence Doppler broadening (CDB) method are currently used to obtain the quantitative chemical analysis of the environment of vacancy‐like defects in supersaturated solid solution of metals. Fractional concentrations are obtained by fitting the CDB spectra with linear combination of reference spectra. Examples regarding Al‐based alloys are presented to show the quality of the fitting and the consistency of the CDB analysis with positron lifetime measurements. The appropriate choice of the references is considered a key factor for reducing systematic errors. Nevertheless the method still awaits a theoretical validation. Preliminary first‐principles calculations regarding Cu‐decorated vacancies in aluminium are presented. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Small accelerator based intense positron beam sources
Authors: Weber M. H. , Pilant L. , Lynn K. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn order to progress positron and antimatter related research, it is highly desirable to develop options for intense sources of positrons capable of fueling positron beams with >107 positrons/sec. At the Center for Materials Research at Washington State University, we are investigating 13N as a positron source based on the nuclear reaction 12C(d,n)13N. Based on cross section data and earlier tests a source activity of about 11 mCi per μA of 3 MeV deuterons can be achieved. At 300 μA a 3 (4) MeV Van de Graaff accelerator will generate 1.2 (2.0) × 1011 positrons/sec in a graphite target. Several methods of utilizing this production rate for moderated positron beams have been tried. These include single crystal CVD diamond, high and low density graphite, frozen source gases, tungsten foil moderation and solid gas moderation. To date, the most successful approach yielded ∼105 moderated positrons per second – efficient moderation of the source flux has not been accomplished. We will present the current status and discuss possible reasons for the poor performance. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of hydrogen peroxide treatment on Au/n‐ZnO contact
Authors: Chen X. D. , Gu Q. L. , Ling C. C. , Brauer G. , Anwand W. , Skorupa W. , Reuther H. , Djurišić A. B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Au/n‐ZnO contact behavior was investigated as a function of hydrogen peroxide pre‐treatment of the ZnO sample by current‐voltage (IV) measurement. The change from non‐rectifying to rectifying performance upon etching was discussed in connection with sample characterization by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was concluded that the gain of the rectifying property was properly associated with the formation of a defective interfacial region at the Au/n‐ZnO contact. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermalization of positronium in helium
Authors: Engbrecht J. , Kolan A. , Johnson C. , Legard A. , Lund S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA new Age‐Momentum Correlation apparatus has been built for the purpose of studying Positronium‐Gas scattering. This apparatus uses a HPGe detector to perform time‐resolved Doppler Broadening Studies on positronium in a gas environment. With this information, the thermalization process can be studied by observing the energy as a function of time. Modelling the rate of thermalization can then be used to extract a momentum transfer cross‐section. Improved data rate and energy resolution over previous measurements that used Doppler broadening methods have been obtained. More importantly, the simultaneous acquisition of both time and energy spectra allow for systematic checks that were not available to previous experiments. Preliminary results are presented. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Application of the surface and volumetric positron techniques for the assessment of material damage in operational conditions
Authors: Urban‐Klaehn Jagoda , Ritchie Scott , Hunt Alan W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPositron Systems, Inc. applies surface and volumetric positron techniques to investigate damage in metal components in operational conditions. The width and shape of Doppler Broadening gamma peak (S‐parameter) is used for defect analysis. Two techniques are commonly used: the Induced Positron Analysis ‐ Surface technique (IPA‐S) to investigate a surface and near‐surface effects and the Induced Positron Analysis‐ Volumetric technique (IPA‐V) that penetrates through the volume of the examined materials. Positron Annihilation measurements have been successfully performed in many applications. Presented below are cases demonstrating successful applications in assessing damage in gas generator fuel injector stems, aerospace parts that underwent strain and fatigue treatment, and residual stress effects in shot‐peened specimens and steel plates with cracks. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Resolution deconvolution method applied to 2D‐ACAR measurements
Authors: Chiba T. , Toyama T. , Nagai Y. , Hasegawa M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn inexpensive way to achieve high resolution 2D‐ACAR measurements is to utilize resolution deconvolution techniques. We developed a resolution deconvolution method which avoids noise amplification and is applicable to the 3D reconstruction method using Fourier‐Bessel transforms. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fermi surface of ErGa3
Authors: Kontrym‐Sznajd G. , Samsel‐Czekała M. , Grechnev G. E. , Sormann H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Fermi surface (FS) in paramagnetic ErGa3 is estimated by various band structure methods: linear muffin‐tin orbital (LMTO) in the atomic sphere approximation (ASA) and three new codes contained full potential (FP) instead of ASA, namely FP‐LMTO, FP linear augmented plane wave (FLAPW), and FP local orbitals (FPLO) methods. Three dimensional (3D) electron‐positron (e‐p) momentum densities ρ (p) are reconstructed from two dimensional (2D) angular correlation of annihilation radiation (ACAR) spectra measured for paramagnetic ErGa3. Reconstructed densities in the extended p‐space, folded into the reduced k‐space, are compared with the theoretical results. Unfortunately, none of these modern FP codes is able to give satisfying description of the experimental data that are in perfect agreement with previous LMTO‐ASA results. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Composition dependence of positron annihilation lifetime for Al‐Pd‐Re‐Ru quasicrystal and 2/1‐AlPdRu approximant crystal
Authors: Takagiwa Y. , Kobayashi J. , Matsushita Y. , Kanazawa I. , Nagata T. , Kimura K. , Kobayashi Y. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractQuaternary icosahedral Al‐Pd‐Re‐Ru (i ‐Al71Pd20(Re1–xRux)9 (X = 0.4, 0.55, 0.7, 0.85)) quasicrystals and its 2/1‐AlPdRu approximant crystal, 2/1‐Al71Pd20Ru9, were investigated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The positron annihilation lifetimes measured here are significantly longer than those of defect‐free states estimated by compositionally weighting the constituent elements. This result suggests that high densities of structural vacancies exist in both i ‐Al‐Pd‐Re‐Ru quasicrystals and 2/1‐AlPdRu approximant crystal. For i ‐Al‐Pd‐Re‐Ru quasicrystals, composition dependence of the positron annihilation lifetime is compared with that of the electrical conductivity. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The investigation of swollen process in gelatin gel by using positron annihilation spectroscopy
Authors: Akiyama Yoko , Shibahara Yuji , Takeda Shin‐ichi , Izumi Yoshinobu , Honda Yoshihide , Nishijima Shigehiro 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe change of free volume hole radius and bound state of water in the biopolymer gel swollen with water were investigated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In this study, gelatin with multiple helix structure of polypeptide (MW ∼100,000) was used as biopolymer. To examine into bound state of water in gelatin gel, the weight percentage of freezing and non‐freezing water against total water in gelatin gels were calculated from fusion enthalpy of DSC curves. Accompanied with the increase of gelatin concentration, the percentage of non‐freezing water increased while that of freezing water decreased, and above 60%(w/w) of gelatin concentration, percentage of non‐freezing water reached approximately 100%(w/w). Since the change in bound state of water results from network structure of gelatin gel, free volume hole radius of gelatin gels with different concentrations were characterized from positron annihilation lifetime spectra using PATFIT‐88 program. The lifetime of o‐Ps became longer or the size of free volume hole increased accompanied with the increase of water content. It is considered that the hydrophilic sites, carboxyl groups in gelatin molecules, locate inside of the helix and hydrophobic groups locate outside of the helix. This means that once the water molecules penetrate into the gelatin network, they are attracted by carboxyl groups inside the helix structure and the hydrogen bonds are formed between water and carboxyl groups. The water molecules localized inside the helix expand the helix surface outward by the thermal motion, leading to the increase of free volume hole radius. This idea assumes localization of positrons in the vicinity of the hydrophilic group and the influence of local potential on lifetimes of positron and positronium. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Positron states in polypropylene and polystyrene at low temperature
Authors: Djourelov N. , Dauwe C. , Palacio C. A. , Laforest N. , Bas C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe increase of the positronium (Ps) yield as a function of the positron (e+) source exposure time at 20 K was monitored in polypropylene and polystyrene by positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) and Doppler broadening (DB) spectroscopy. The contributions of the different e+ and Ps states as extracted from the PAL analysis were used to reproduce the behaviour of the sharpness parameter (S) as a function of the wing parameter (W) of the annihilation line as measured by DB spectroscopy. We find a remarkable non‐linearity in the S ‐W plots, which seems to be related to the existence of a third component (C3) in a four‐component exponential analysis. We discuss the origin of C3 in the frame of a “blob” analysis of the PAL spectra. It is shown that the simulated S‐W dependence can satisfactorily fit the observed non‐linearity only on the assumption that C3 characterizes a e+‐molecule complex. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)