bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TIME OF ERUPTION OF THE PERMANENT TEETH, CEPHALOMETRIC AND TOOTH MEASUREMENT AND SULPHATION FACTOR ACTIVITY IN 45 PATIENTS WITH TURNER'S SYNDROME WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF X CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS
Authors: Filipsson R. , Lindsten J. , Almqvist S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The time of eruption of the permanent teeth, the development of the cranial skeleton, and the size of the teeth and dental arches as well as the serum sulphation factor activity were studied in 45 patients with Turner's syndrome with different types of X chromosome aberrations. A tendency to an earlier eruption of the permanent teeth was found. The significance of hormonal factors and of the dysplastic skeletal structure for the eruption of the teeth are discussed. The cephalometric analysis revealed a retarded development of the cranial skeleton. Appositional and sutural growth as well as growth in the condylar cartilage and the spheno-occipital synchondrosis, were affected. The development of the facial skeleton reached a level corresponding to that of 11 year-old girls, while that of the posterior portion of the cranial base did not reach this level. The latter finding may explain the posterior rotation of the facial skeleton in relation to the cranial base. The mesio-distal width of the permanent teeth was smaller than normal, and the frequency of root resorptions of the idiopathic type was increased in the patients. The space and space differences of the dental arches were normal. The mean level of the serum sulphation factor activity was increased. It seems likely that the abnormal X chromosome constitutions form the background to the changes in the hard tissues and that these tissue changes may be of major significance for the disturbed development of the teeth and skeleton in patients with Turner's syndrome.
FAT MOBILISING EFFECT OF OESTROGENS
Authors: Laron Zvi , Kowadlo-Silbergeld Avivah 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Groups of starved rats of both sexes were treated with three daily injections of either oestradiol benzoate (OB) alone or in combination with testosterone propionate (TP). The effect of these hormones on the concentration of the plasma unesterified fatty acids (UFA) was studied by withdrawing blood daily from the heart. For control conditions, groups of rats were treated with either olive oil, the vehicle of the above hormones, or no injection at all. It was found that oestradiol benzoate, 5 mg per dose, caused a mean rise of plasma UFA up to 1376 ± 209 μeq/litre; 10 mg OB per dose elevated the mean plasma UFA concentration to 3492 ± 246 μeq/litre; and a combination of 5 mg OB + 10 mg TP per dose resulted in a mean plasma UFA concentration of 2379 ± 236 μeq/litre.
It is concluded that oestrogens possess a fat mobilising property similar to and possibly stronger than that of androgens.
EVIDENCE FOR A CALCITONIN EFFECT IN MAN.
Authors: Haas Heinrich G. , Affolter Heinz , Dubach Ulrich C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 1962 Copp et al. (1962) demonstrated a second, plasma calcium lowering factor from the parathyroid glands called calcitonin. These findings were subsequently confirmed by Kumar et al. (1963). Up to the present, however, calcitonin has not been demonstrated in man. In a patient with hypocalcaemic tetany the injection of a commercial parathyroid extract caused the same changes in plasma calcium as described by Copp et al. (1962) in dogs, i. e. an initial fall and a subsequent rise in the calcium level. In addition, changes in plasma magnesium paralleling those of calcium were also observed.
INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF ESTRIOL-16,17-DISODIUM SUCCINATE ON LOCAL HAEMORRHAGES INDUCED BY SNAKE VENOM IN CANINE HEART-LUNG PREPARATIONS
Authors: Bonta I. L. , de Vos C. J. , Delver A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In heart-lung preparations of dogs, the effect of estriol-16,17-disodium succinate** was studied on circumscribed pulmonary haemorrhages induced by the local application of cobra venom on to the lung surface. Aqueous solutions of estriol-16,17-disodium succinate were either applied topically at the site of exposure to the venom, or added to the perfusing blood.
Irrespective of the route of administration, estriol-16,17-disodium succinate delayed the appearance and diminished the intensity of the haemorrhages.
The weak estrogenic activity of estriol-16,17-disodium succinate, the use of an isolated organ system and the rapidity with which it develops all suggest that the antihaemorrhagic effect and the conventional estrogenic effects occur independently. The use of heparinized dogs and defibrinated blood both favour the view that the antihaemorrhagic effect observed was of vascular origin. Some possibilities regarding more detailed aspects of the mechanism of this effect are discussed.
EFFECT OF MUSCULAR EXERCISE ON THE PLASMA LEVEL OF CORTISOL IN MAN
Authors: Cornil A. , De Coster A. , Copinschi G. , Franckson J. R. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Intense muscular exercise performed on a bicycle ergometer by untrained normal men is accompanied by a significant fall in the plasma cortisol level. This observation suggests an increased utilization or diffusion of cortisol during exercise.
VASOPRESSOR AND OXYTOCIC ACTIVITIES IN HUMAN HYPOTHALAMUS, POSTERIOR AND ANTERIOR LOBES OF THE PITUITARY GLAND
Authors: Barnafi L. , Croxatto H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The distribution and individual variation of vasopressor and oxytocic activities in the hypothalamus, posterior and anterior lobe of the pituitary gland of 13 women and 15 men were studied.
The results showed great individual variation of vasopressor and oxytocic activities in the posterior and anterior lobes, whereas in the hypothalamus a relatively constant hormonal activity was found. No significant sex differences were noted with respect to the content of the vasopressor and oxytocic activities in the hypothalamus and posterior lobe. In the anterior lobe of the female, a higher vasopressor activity was found than in males. No relationship could be established between the distribution of these activities and the pathological condition preceding death.
REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY AND BEHAVIOURAL OESTRUS IN THE RAT BEARING HYPOTHALAMIC IMPLANTS OF SEX STEROIDS
Authors: Lisk Robert D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Neural implants of the sex steroids, oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone in the female rat indicate that only oestrogen will inhibit pregnancy in 100 % of an experimental class. The most sensitive locus was the arcuate-mammillary nuclear regions of the hypothalamus. Although, progesterone in no way inhibits pregnancy and testosterone does so only very weakly both of these hormones appear to interfere with the normal process of parturition resulting in prolonged labour and death of mothers and foetuses.
The mating behaviour of the intact rat was altered only after oestrogen implants. Large implants resulted in constant mating behaviour and no pregnancies. Small implants in the mating center resulted in single matings from which pregnancies ensued and further mating did not occur. Thus in the intact rat the response of the mating center to oestrogen was different than in the castrate animal, indicating the modifying influences of other hormones or nervous reflexes in the operational control of this brain region.
ADRENAL CORTICAL HORMONES AND RESISTANCE TO HISTAMINE STRESS IN THE INFANT RAT
Authors: Schapiro Shawn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The adrenal gland corticosterone concentration in the infant rat is similar to that found in the intact unstressed normal adult. 1–2 day old rats did not respond to histamine administration with an increase in adrenal cortical hormone content while adults exhibited the expected increase. The 90 minute dose-mortality relationship for histamine was determined on these stress-non-responsive infant rats. Prior treatment with cortisone, cortisol, corticosterone or ACTH did not significantly influence the number of deaths occurring at a given dose of histamine. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that, in the otherwise normal animal, the abrupt secretion of ACTH and the adrenal cortical hormones in response to acute stress may not contribute stress resistance to contemporaneous insults, at least to those allied to histamine administration.
CONCURRENT 3β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY IN ADRENAL AND SCLEROCYSTIC OVARY
Authors: Axelrod Leonard R. , Goldzieher Joseph W. , Ross S. David 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In vivo and in vitro studies were performed in a virilized patient with enlarged sclerocystic ovaries, in whom urinary corticoid excretion was not suppressed by dexamethasone. Both ovarian and adrenal tissues were incubated with 5-pregnenolone-4-14C and the metabolites isolated and definitively identified. Both tissues showed a relative deficiency of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The ovarian aromatizing mechanism was intact. 5-Androstene-3β,17β-diol was the major adrenal biosynthetic product, and its metabolites were identified in the urine. The abnormality of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal regulatory system resembled that seen in Cushing's syndrome, but the clinical manifestations were altered by the steroid enzyme abnormality.
STUDIES ON THE AROMATISATION OF NEUTRAL STEROIDS IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Jaffea R. , Pionb R. , Eriksson G. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using a variety of experimental techniques, including perfusion of placentas in situ, injection into the intact foeto-placental unit via the umbilical vein, as well as long-term administration into the amniotic sac or antecubital vein of the mother, very little if any oestrone, 17β-oestradiol- or oestriol-like radioactive material could be detected in the placenta, foetal tissues and urine of the mother following the administration of labelled progesterone.
The results are interpreted as supporting the concept that progesterone is not a significant precursor of placental oestrogens.
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF URINARY 11-DEOXY- AND 11-OXYCORTICOSTEROIDS USING BISMUTHATE OXIDATION AND COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Copinschi G. , Cornil A. , Leclercq R. , Franckson J. R. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A new method is described for the measurement of urinary 17-ketogenic steroids (17-KGS), including a column chromatographic fractionation of the 17-ketosteroids formed during oxidation. This method allows the simultaneous determination of the excretion of the 11-deoxysteroids and 11-oxysteroids.
Preliminary studies were carried out on pure reference steroids. The yield of the oxidation and the reproducibility of the method were determined. The excretion of 17-KGS was determined for normal male subjects. Classical stimulation and inhibition tests of the adrenal secretion (ACTH, metopirone, dexamethasone and piromen) were performed in eight patients. The results of these tests illustrate the practical value of the method.
OBSERVATIONS OF THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC DYES AND DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN ON THE IN VITRO BINDING OF RADIOACTIVE 131I LABELED L-THYROXINE, L-TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND TETRAIODOTHYROACETIC ACID BY HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES AND SERUM PROTEINS
Authors: Olichney M. J. , Crispell K. R. , Harrah J. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The human erythrocyte is used as a model to study the in vitro binding of thyroid hormones to tissue proteins. Studies on the in vitro binding of 131I labeled 1-thyroxine, 1-triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyroacetic acid to human erythrocytes in buffered saline are reported. The effect of human serum, human serum albumin, the organic dyes, Evans Blue and Trypan Blue and diphenylhydantoin sodium on the binding of these labeled hormones to human erythrocytes has been studied.
Evans Blue dye will block the in vitro uptake by the erythrocyte of 1-thyroxine and 1-triiodothyronine but not tetraiodothyroacetic acid. This suggests that the binding of the latter to the erythrocyte is qualitatively different than that of 1-thyroxine or 1-triiodothyronine. Trypan Blue decreased the serum binding of 1-thyroxine and tetraiodothyroacetic acid while 5,5-diphenylhydantoin reduced the serum binding of 1-thyroxine and 1-triiodothyronine. These results are in accord with the binding properties of human serum proteins for thyroid hormones as demonstrated by other techniques.
VARIATIONS OF THYROID HORMONE TRANSPORT IN THE BLOOD OF NORMAL CHILDREN AND OF CHILDREN WITH MONGOLISM
Authors: Ferrier P. E. , Lemarchand-Beraud T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Several authors have reported a peculiar elevation of the labeled triiodothyronine uptake by the erythrocytes in mongoloid children. The present study was undertaken to verify this observation and if possible to explain it by investigating the capacity of the thyroid hormone carrier proteins in these children. A series of control children was first tested in order to obtain standard reference values. The results confirmed the elevation of the 131T3 E. U.§ in mongols, but this high uptake was not accounted for by a decreased TBP or TBPA capacity, and did not seem to be accompanied by a shortened half-life of thyroxine. Euthyroid control children had a decreased TBPA binding.
FATE OF OESTRIOL-16,17 DIHEMISUCCINATE AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION TO RATS
Authors: van der Vies J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
After oral administration to rats oestriol-16,17 dihemisuccinate is almost exclusively resorbed in the unchanged form and at a slower rate than oestriol itself.
Via the portal vein it is transported to the liver and the peripheral circulation.
In the liver, hydrolysis of the ester takes place rapidly and the free oestriol formed also enters the blood.
In the blood the half life time of oestriol-16,17 dihemisuccinate is 7.6 minutes and that of oestriol 10.3 minutes.
Elimination from the body occurs via the bile in which conjugates were found similar to those occurring after administration of oestriol.
The ways in which oestriol dihemisuccinate is resorbed, distributed and eliminated differ from those of oestriol itself. This might well be a significant factor in its pharmacological and clinical effectiveness.
HEMMUNG DER UTERUSWIRKUNG VON OXYTOCIN DURCH GESTAGENE
Authors: Neumann F. , Hempel R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

In vivo Assays:
Oil and water-soluble steroids have been investigated for their oxytocin-antagonism in pregnant rabbits treated with oxytocin. The uterine immobilizing effect is more marked after treatment with hydroxyprogesterone-derivatives than following the administration of 19-nor-testosterone-derivatives.
In vivo investigations on the latent period show the following: after intramuscular administration of a micro-crystalline suspension, the latent period is 2–3 hours and is at least three hours following the administration of an oily solution. The maximum activity of the oily solution is obtained after 6 hours at the earliest and this occurs even later following the administration of the micro-crystalline suspension. There is no difference in latent period between the intravenous and intramuscular administration of micro-crystalline suspension.
The water-soluble progestational agents examined in in vivo tests are 17-hemi-sulphate-esters of various 17α-hydroxyprogesterone-derivatives, Except for one compound* it was possible to prevent the oxytocin induced abortion with all substances in vivo. However, to achieve the inhibitory effect, very high doses of the water-soluble progestational agents were required. The duration of activity of these substances is limited to 2–3 hours.

In vitro Assays:
In addition, the water-soluble compounds were, with one exception also tested in vitro on the isolated rat uterus. It was possible to suppress the oxytocin-induced single contraction of the rat uterus.
HEMMUNG DER UTERUSWIRKUNG VON OXYTOCIN DURCH WASSERLÖSLICHE STEROIDE
Authors: Hempel R. , Neumann F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Various water-soluble steroids were tested in vitro on the isolated rat uterus for their oxytocin-antagonistic activities.
Using progestional agents (19-nor-17α-hydroxyprogesterone-17-hemisulfate-sodium, Δ1,6-17α-hydroxyprogesterone-17-hemisulfate-sodium) oestrogens (oestrone-hemisulfate-sodium), and corticoids (dexamethasone-21-hemisulfate-sodium) it was possible to suppress both the oxytocin-induced single contraction and the spontaneous rhythm intensified by oxytocin. Except for the Δ1,6-17α-hydroxyprogesterone-sulfate-sodium, these compounds were unable to inhibit the single contractions of the uterus induced by serotonin, bradykinin and barium chloride.
Following the administration of a mixture of the different watersoluble steroids an additional effect was observed.
Based on these results, it can be assumed that the oxytocinantagonistic effect represents an activity per se which is peculiar to certain steroid structures.
INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS STEROIDS ON TESTES AND ACCESSORY SEX ORGANS IN THE RAT
Authors: Kind Fred A. , Maqueo M. , Dorfman Ralph I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Various neutral steroids were studied in intact male rats for their ability to influence testicular function, particularly spermatogenesis. The compounds were injected once daily for 21 days, starting at 21 days of age. One day after the last injection, testicular histology and testis, ventral prostate, and seminal vesicle weights were determined. In some experiments, after the standard 21 day treatment period, testicular histology and function were evaluated after 30 and 60 day post-treatment recovery periods.
2α-Hydroxymethyl-17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one, 2-hydroxy-5α-androst-2-en-17β-ol, 2,17α-dimethyl-5α-androst-2-en-17β-ol and 2-formyl5α-androst-2-en-17β-ol caused decreases in testicular, ventral prostate and seminal vesicle weight and produced arrest of spermatogenesis. These effects were reversible and testis weight and histology, as well as fertility, were restored in the post-treatment period. 19-Norprogesterone, which did not produce convincing testicular atrophy, did cause significant decreases in ventral prostate and seminal vesicle weight. Chlormadinone showed a similar picture, although direct antagonistic testicular effects were also seen. The lowered ventral prostate and seminal vesicle weights produced by these compounds may be an expression of their antiandrogenic activity.
ON THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF NANDROLONE PHENYLPROPIONATE AND NANDROLONE DECANOATE IN RATS
Authors: van der Vies J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
It has been shown that the duration of action as well as the ratio of anabolic and androgenic activities of nandrolone esters depend on the rate at which they are absorbed from an intramuscular depot.
Following release from the depot the nandrolone esters are rapidly hydrolyzed in the blood and the resulting nandrolone was found to be the ultimate active compound affecting m. levator ani and seminal vesicles. However, the rate and concentration at which nandrolone reaches these receptors is fully determined by the rate of absorption of the ester.
This dependence explains why nandrolone released from its esters in vivo has pharmacological effects quite different from those occurring after administration of nandrolone in a single dose or in equally divided doses. The findings further demonstrate that the rate at which a drug enters the body and particularly the variations of this rate in the course of time, not only determine the intensity and duration of action but also change its pharmacological pattern. The latter conclusion is not limited to the nandrolone esters but can be expected to hold true for other drugs as well.
DIURNAL RHYTHM IN THE ADRENAL CORTICAL SECRETION AND IN THE RATE OF METABOLISM OF CORTICOSTERONE IN THE RAT
Authors: Saba P. , Carnicelli A. , Saba G. C. , Maltinti G. , Marescotti V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The diurnal rhythm in the adrenal secretion, the plasma levels, and the rate of disappearance of corticosterone (11β,21-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene3,20-dione) from plasma has been studied in rats seven and thirty days after optic enucleation.
Some important differences have been observed as compared with normal animals.
The influence of the photoperiod on the hypophyseal-adrenal axis, on the steroid blood levels, and on the hormone metabolism is discussed.
EIN FALL VON PSEUDO-PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYREOIDISMUS MIT PATHOLOGISCH-ANATOMISCHEM BEFUND
Authors: Schwarz Gerhard 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case of pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism in a man aged 60 is reported. At autopsy three normal parathyroid glands were identified, in which signs of normal age involution were absent. There were no histological changes in the kidneys. The bones showed a diminished density and the histological characteristics of osteoporosis. In the shortened metacarpal, the line of epiphyseal fusion was still visible.
THE EXCRETION OF CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN BY MEN WITH TESTICULAR TUMOURS
Authors: Hobson Bruce M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The excretion of HCG by 240 men with testicular tumours was investigated using the female toad Xenopus laevis as the test animal. Men with choriocarcinoma excreted up to 2 000 000 IU HCG per litre, an amount comparable to that produced by women with choriocarcinoma. Eight men with tumours described as seminoma were shown, by means of this biological test, to be excreting large amounts of HCG. This method is particularly useful in establishing the presence of chorionic tissue in testicular tumours and enables a more accurate diagnosis to be made. Thirty eight of the 47 men who excreted HCG are dead and such methods of treatment as castration followed by X-irradiation of the abdomen and chest or hypophysis, hypophysectomy or the use of methotrexate were ineffective. The prognosis for men who excrete HCG is very poor and the disease is rapidly fatal.
LONG TERM OBSERVATION OF THE GROWTH PROMOTING ACTION OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Reiss Max , Hillman Janet , Pearse J. J. , Reiss Jean M. , Daley Nelly , Suwalski R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The growth rates of a series of physically and mentally retarded male patients aged 7½ – 13½ years were studied before, during, and after treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophin. HCG was given for two to seven months and a final check was made one to three years after treatment stopped. The rate of growth of the patients was considerably increased during treatment, frequently exceeding that seen during a normal pubertal growth spurt. Although the growth rate decreased after treatment stopped, it remained above the pre-treatment level. No evidence of premature epiphyseal closure was seen. The majority of the patients achieved a higher height and weight percentile.
Changes in blood alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus and calcium were measured and were similar to those seen after treatment with human growth hormone. The acute effect of an injection of HCG on plasma non-esterified fatty acids was different from that reported for human growth hormone since no change was seen in the rise of free fatty acids during fasting.
It is assumed that treatment with HCG triggers the endogenous production of steroids which, in their turn, stimulate pituitary anterior lobe activity.
RENAL EXCRETION OF SYNTHETIC ARGININE-VASOPRESSIN INJECTED INTO DOGS
Authors: Thorn N. A. , Smith M. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The renal excretion of antidiuretic activity was measured in 2 trained, hydrated dogs after injection of synthetic arginine-vasopressin in doses ranging from 4–50 mU/kg.
An average of 12% of the antidiuretic activity of the injected doses appeared in the urine. This percentage was independent of the dose over the range studied.
The present findings support the hypothesis that arginine-vasopressin in the dog is excreted by the kidneys mainly by glomerular filtration.