bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent ESL Students’ Interpretation and Appreciation of Literary Texts: A Case Study of Multimodality
Authors: Early Margaret , Marshall Sondra 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:This study explores how, using a multimodal approach to integrating language and content teaching, high school students with limited English proficiency can be supported to engage in rich, complex interpretations of literary works in English and to realize their interpretations linguistically in written academic discourse. Findings suggest that a multimodal approach, in combination with cooperative group work and L1 use, has considerable potential in promoting ELL students’ academic success.
Intelligibility, Comprehensibility, and Accentedness of L2 Speech: The Role of Listener Experience and Semantic Context
Authors: Kennedy Sara , Trofimovich Pavel 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: This study investigated how listener experience (extent of previous exposure to non-native speech) and semantic context (degree and type of semantic information available) influence measures of intelligibility, comprehensibility, and accentedness of non-native (L2) speech. Participants were 24 native English-speaking listeners, half experienced and half inexperienced with L2 speech, who transcribed and rated 90 English utterances spoken by six English and six Mandarin speakers. The utterances varied along two dimensions: real-world expectations (true vs. false utterances) and semantic meaningfulness (meaningful vs. meaningless utterances). Listeners with more experience understood more speech from the L1 and L2 speakers than listeners with less experience but did not rate it differently in comprehensibility and accentedness. All listeners understood and rated the utterances from L2 speakers based on the semantic context available: true–false utterances were understood and rated best, meaningless utterances least. These findings have implications for evaluating learner pronunciation and for training learners in successful L2 communication strategies.
Inhibition of oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation by myelin-associated proteins
Authors: Syed Yasir A. , Baer Alexandra S. , Lubec Gert , Hoeger Harald , Widhalm Georg , Kotter Mark R. 
Published: March 2008

Object
Promoting repair of central nervous system (CNS) white matter represents an important approach to easing the course of a number of tragic neurological diseases. For this purpose, strategies are currently being evaluated for transplanting cells capable of generating new oligodendrocytes into areas of demyelination and/or enhancing the potential of endogenous stem/precursor cells to give rise to new oligodendrocytes. Emerging evidence, however, indicates that increasing the presence of cells capable of forming new myelin sheaths is not sufficient to promote repair because of unknown inhibitors that accumulate in lesions as a consequence of myelin degeneration and impair the generation of new oligodendrocytes. The aim of the present study was to characterize the nature of the inhibitory molecules present in myelin.

Methods
Differentiation of primary rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in the presence of CNS and peripheral nervous system myelin was assessed by immunocytochemical methods. The authors further characterized the nature of the inhibitors by submitting myelin membrane preparations to biochemical precipitation and digestion. Finally, OPCs were grown on purified Nogo-A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, and myelin-associated glycoprotein, the most prominent inhibitors of axon regeneration.

Results
Myelin membrane preparations induced a differentiation block in OPCs that was associated with down-regulation of expression of the transcription factor Nkx2.2. The inhibitory activity in myelin was restricted to the CNS and was predominantly associated with white matter. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that myelin proteins that are distinct from the most prominent inhibitors of axon outgrowth are specific inhibitors of OPC differentiation.

Conclusions
The inhibitory effect of unknown myelin-associated proteins should be considered in future treatment strategies aimed at enhancing CNS repair.
A population‐based study of craniosynostosis in metropolitan Atlanta, 1989–2003
Authors: Boulet Sheree L. , Rasmussen Sonja A. , Honein Margaret A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCraniosynostosis is a birth defect characterized by premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. We describe the birth prevalence of craniosynostosis and related risk factors among infants born to residents of metropolitan Atlanta during 1989–2003. Data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) were used to identify infants with craniosynostosis. Case records with a code for craniosynostosis were reviewed to substantiate the diagnosis of craniosynostosis and to classify infants as having isolated craniosynostosis (no other unrelated major defects), multiple defects (one or more additional major, unrelated defects), or a syndrome (recognized or strongly suspected single‐gene condition or chromosome abnormality). Vital records data on births of Georgia residents were used to analyze craniosynostosis prevalence by year of birth, maternal race and age, parity, plurality, and infants' sex, birth weight, and gestational age. We identified 281 infants born with craniosynostosis in metropolitan Atlanta during 1989–2003: 84% with isolated craniosynostosis, 7% with multiple defects, and 9% with syndromes. The birth prevalence was 4.3 per 10,000 births, results consistent with findings from other population‐based studies using similar case definitions. Apert syndrome was diagnosed in 40% of the syndromic cases, and sagittal synostosis was diagnosed in 39% of the cases of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. Maternal age 35 years or older, multiple birth, male sex, and birth weight >4,000 g were risk factors for craniosynostosis. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revisitinghmeasured on UK LIS and IR academics
Authors: Sanderson Mark 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA brief communication appearing in this journal ranked UK‐based LIS and (some) IR academics by theirh‐indexusing data derived from the Thomson ISI Web of Science™ (WoS). In this brief communication, the same academics were re‐ranked, using other popular citation databases. It was found that for academics who publish more in computer science forums, theirhwas significantly different due to highly cited papers missed by WoS; consequently, their rank changed substantially. The study was widened to a broader set of UK‐based LIS and IR academics in which results showed similar statistically significant differences. A variant ofh,hmx, was introduced that allowed a ranking of the academics using all citation databases together.
Domain‐independent automatic keyphrase indexing with small training sets
Authors: Medelyan Olena , Witten Ian H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractKeyphrases are widely used in both physical and digital libraries as a brief, but precise, summary of documents. They help organize material based on content, provide thematic access, represent search results, and assist with navigation. Manual assignment is expensive because trained human indexers must reach an understanding of the document and select appropriate descriptors according to defined cataloging rules. We propose a new method that enhances automatic keyphrase extraction by using semantic information about terms and phrases gleaned from a domain‐specific thesaurus. The key advantage of the new approach is that it performs well with very little training data. We evaluate it on a large set of manually indexed documents in the domain of agriculture, compare its consistency with a group of six professional indexers, and explore its performance on smaller collections of documents in other domains and of French and Spanish documents.
Incomplete cellular depopulation may explain the high failure rate of bovine ureteric grafts
Authors: Spark J I , Yeluri S , Derham C , Wong Y T , Leitch D 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Background
The aim was to assess the results of a decellularized bovine ureter graft (SynerGraft®) for complex venous access.

Methods
Bovine ureter conduits were implanted in patients with a failed fistula or access graft in whom native vessels were unsuitable as conduits. Graft histories were obtained from all patients who had undergone this procedure at one institution. Failed grafts were explanted and subjected to histological examination. A sample of fresh bovine ureter was immunostained for galactose (α1 → 3) galactose (α-Gal).

Results
Nine patients with a median age of 46 (range 25–70) years underwent complex venous access surgery between August 2004 and November 2006 using a SynerGraft®. Graft types included loop superficial femoral artery to stump of long saphenous vein (four patients), loop brachial artery to vein (two), brachial artery to axillary vein (two) and left axillary artery to innominate vein (one). Three grafts developed aneurysmal dilatation and two thrombosed. Histological assessment of the explanted bovine ureters revealed acute and chronic transmural inflammation. Immunostaining of fresh bovine ureter suggested residual cells and the xenoantigen α-Gal.

Conclusion
Graft failure with aneurysmal dilatation and thrombosis in complex arteriovenous conduits using bovine ureter may be due to residual xenoantigens.
Relation between parenting stress and psychopathic traits among children
Authors: Fite Paula J. , Greening Leilani , Stoppelbein Laura 
Published: March 2008

AbstractParenting stress was examined as a correlate of psychopathic traits, specifically narcissism, callous/unemotional traits, and impulsivity, among school‐aged children while controlling for the variance explained by aggressive behavior. Participants included 212 children ranging from 6 to 12 years of age (M = 8.3 years) who were admitted to an acute child psychiatric inpatient unit for treatment. Parents completed standardized measures of aggression (Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL), psychopathic traits (Antisocial Process Screening Device; APSD), and parenting stress (Parenting Stress Index; PSI) at the time of the child's admission. Multiple regression analyses revealed that high levels of the PSI dimension attachment difficulties were associated with high levels of narcissism and callous/unemotional traits among the children while statistically controlling for aggression. The PSI dimension role restriction was also found to be negatively related to narcissism. These findings suggest that specific aspects of parenting stress may be related to child psychopathic traits and might aid with conceptualizing and developing treatment approaches for childhood behavior problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Judicial gatekeeping and the social construction of the admissibility of expert testimony
Authors: Merlino Mara L. , Murray Colleen I. , Richardson James T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractContent analysis of 192 U.S. District Court cases was conducted to investigate judges' evaluations of expert characteristics and evidence characteristics for toxicology, psychological/psychiatric, and damages testimony. Judges evaluated more expert characteristics, but not more evidence characteristics, as the number of months post‐Daubert increased (Hypotheses 1 and 2). More evidence characteristics were evaluated when evidence was quantitatively rather than qualitatively based (Hypothesis 3). The greatest number of evidence characteristics examined was for toxicology evidence (Hypothesis 4). Fewer expert characteristics were evaluated for admissible evidence, but more evidence characteristics were evaluated for inadmissible evidence (Hypothesis 5). All analyses were significant at .05. Implications for judges, attorneys, and experts are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of verdict and punitive damages in high‐stakes civil litigation
Authors: Vinson Katherine V. , Costanzo Mark A. , Berger, Ph.D. Dale E. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis research investigated demographic and attitudinal– psychological predictors of verdict and amount of punitive damages awarded in high‐stakes civil litigation. Four hundred and forty‐six surrogate jurors, selected to be representative of actual jurors, were exposed to realistic case presentations in insurance, tobacco, and pharmaceutical cases that were about to go to trial. Hierarchical regression revealed that perceptions of the existence of a litigation crisis predicted verdict in the tobacco and pharmaceutical cases after controlling for all other variables. Demographic variables predicted verdict and punitive damage awards only modestly and in different ways in the three cases. Need for cognition, strength of will and rationality, and a perception that there is a litigation crisis predicted the amount of punitive damages awarded in the tobacco case. Litigation crisis also predicted the amount of punitive damages awarded in the pharmaceutical case. Implications for jury selection are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constrained Dansyl Derivatives Reveal Bacterial Specificity of Highly Conserved Thymidylate Synthases
Authors: Calò Sanuele , Tondi Donatella , Ferrari Stefania , Venturelli Alberto , Ghelli Stefano , Costi Maria Paola 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe elucidation of the structural/functional specificities of highly conserved enzymes remains a challenging area of investigation, and enzymes involved in cellular replication are important targets for functional studies and drug discovery. Thymidylate synthase (TS, ThyA) governs the synthesis of thymidylate for use in DNA synthesis. The present study focused on Lactobacillus casei TS (LcTS) and Escherichia coli TS (EcTS), which exhibit 50 % sequence identity and strong folding similarity. We have successfully designed and validated a chemical model in which linear, but not constrained, dansyl derivatives specifically complement the LcTS active site. Conversely, chemically constrained dansyl derivatives showed up to 1000‐fold improved affinity for EcTS relative to the inhibitory activity of linear derivatives. This study demonstrates that the accurate design of small ligands can uncover functional features of highly conserved enzymes.
Partial splenic embolization for cancer patients with thrombocytopenia requiring systemic chemotherapy
Authors: Kauffman Christopher R. , Mahvash Armeen , Kopetz Scott , Wolff Robert A. , Ensor Joe , Wallace Michael J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Partial splenic embolization (PSE) has been used to improve hematologic parameters related to hypersplenism. The purpose of this study was to review our institutional experience with PSE for cancer patients with thrombocytopenia because of splenic sequestration precluding the administration of systemic therapy (ST).METHODS.A retrospective review of cancer patients undergoing PSE was undertaken. Twenty‐eight patients underwent PSE to correct thrombocytopenia to facilitate the initiation or resumption of ST. Primary and secondary endpoints of the current study included a platelet count increase > 150 K/UL and the initiation of ST, respectively. Periprocedural laboratory values and adverse events were recorded.RESULTS.Thirty PSEs were performed in 28 patients. Two patients underwent repeat PSE because of recurrent thrombocytopenia after the successful initiation of ST. For procedures with adequate follow‐up, primary and secondary endpoints were achieved in 96.3% (26 of 27 patients) and 95.7% (22 of 23 patients) of patients, respectively. The mean platelet count was 81 K/UL immediately before PSE and peaked at 293 K/UL after PSE. For 23 patients with frequent laboratory follow‐up, the mean time to a platelet count > 150 K/UL was 10 days. The mean hospital stay was 4.5 days. Postprocedure abdominal pain occurred in all patients. Fever was documented in 16 patients and pulmonary consolidation/atelectasis or effusion was documented in 10 patients; 9 patients received empiric antibiotic coverage. The median overall survival was 9.40 months (95% confidence interval, 8.2–10.7 months) among the 28 patients after PSE.CONCLUSIONS.PSE is a safe and effective means of managing thrombocytopenia secondary to hypersplenism to facilitate the administration of ST in patients with cancer. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Endometrioid epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Storey Dawn J. , Rush Robert , Stewart Moira , Rye Tzyvia , Al‐Nafussi Awatif , Williams Alistair R. , Smyth John F. , Gabra Hani 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Clinicopathological features and outcome of women with endometrioid and serous ovarian adenocarcinoma were compared.METHODS.Between 1984 and 2004, baseline and follow‐up data were prospectively recorded on 1545 patients with ovarian cancer. Of these, 270 had pure endometrioid tumors; 659 had pure serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Response to platinum‐based chemotherapy (PBC) overall survival, stage‐for‐stage median progression‐free survival (PFS), and cause‐specific median survival were compared. Independent predictors of survival were examined by using multivariate analyses.RESULTS.Median age of diagnosis for patients with endometrioid tumors was younger than those with serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary (60 years vs 62 years; P = .013). They presented more often with early disease (stage I and II; 50% vs 17%; P < .001), had less ascites, and had better performance status both overall and for stage II and III disease. More endometrioid tumors were optimally debulked overall (71% vs 45%; P < .001), but there was no difference according to stage. Objective and CA125 PBC response rates were not significantly different, but median PFS was better for patients with endometrioid tumors (24 months vs 13 months; P < .0001) as was overall median survival (48 months vs 22 months; P < .0001). This relation remained for stage II and III disease and for moderately and poorly differentiated tumors. Patients with concurrent endometrioid ovarian and endometrial malignancies had a survival advantage compared with those with ovarian malignancies alone. Independent predictors of survival after PBC were histological type, debulking status, and disease stage.CONCLUSIONS.Despite similar PBC response rates, endometrioid histology is associated with better survival compared with serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary, even with stage III or poorly differentiated tumors. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Distributing RePast agent‐based simulations with HLA
Authors: Minson R. , Theodoropoulos G. K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractLarge, experimental multi‐agent system (MAS) simulations are highly demanding tasks, both computationally and developmentally. Agent toolkits provide reliable templates for the design of even the largest MAS simulations, without offering a solution to computational limitations. Conversely, distributed simulation architectures offer performance benefits, but the introduction of parallel logic can complicate the design process significantly. The motivations of distribution are not limited to this question of processing power. True interoperation of sequential agent‐simulation platforms would allow agents designed using different toolkits to transparently interact in common abstract domains. This paper discusses the design and implementation of a system capable of harnessing the computational power of a distributed simulation infrastructure with the design efficiency of an agent toolkit. The system permits integration, through a higher‐level architecture (HLA) federation, of multiple instances of the Java‐based lightweight agent‐simulation toolkit RePast. This paper defines abstractly the engineering process necessary in creating such middleware, and reports on the experience in the specific case of the RePast toolkit. The paper also presents performance results that illustrate that significant speedup can be achieved through the integration of RePast with HLA. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The development of a geospatial data Grid by integrating OGC Web services with Globus‐based Grid technology
Authors: Di Liping , Chen Aijun , Yang Wenli , Liu Yang , Wei Yaxing , Mehrotra Piyush , Hu Chaumin , Williams Dean 
Published: March 2008

AbstractGeospatial science is the science and art of acquiring, archiving, manipulating, analyzing, communicating, modeling with, and utilizing spatially explicit data for understanding physical, chemical, biological, and social systems on the Earth's surface or near the surface. In order to share distributed geospatial resources and facilitate the interoperability, the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), an industry–government–academia consortium, has developed a set of widely accepted Web‐based interoperability standards and protocols. Grid is the technology enabling resource sharing and coordinated problem solving in dynamic, multi‐institutional virtual organizations. Geospatial Grid is an extension and application of Grid technology in the geospatial discipline. This paper discusses problems associated with directly using Globus‐based Grid technology in the geospatial disciplines, the needs for geospatial Grids, and the features of geospatial Grids. Then, the paper presents a research project that develops and deploys a geospatial Grid through integrating Web‐based geospatial interoperability standards and technology developed by OGC with Globus‐based Grid technology. The geospatial Grid technology developed by this project makes the interoperable, personalized, on‐demand data access and services a reality at large geospatial data archives. Such a technology can significantly reduce problems associated with archiving, manipulating, analyzing, and utilizing large volumes of geospatial data at distributed locations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Service‐oriented approach to collaborative visualization
Authors: Wang H. , Brodlie K. W. , Handley J. W. , Wood J. D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a new service‐oriented approach to the design and implementation of visualization systems in a Grid computing environment. The approach evolves the traditional dataflow visualization system, based on processes communicating via shared memory or sockets, into an environment in which visualization Web services can be linked in a pipeline using the subscription and notification services available in Globus Toolkit 4. A specific aim of our design is to support collaborative visualization, allowing a geographically distributed research team to work collaboratively on visual analysis of data. A key feature of the system is the use of a formal description of the visualization pipeline, using the skML language first developed in the gViz e‐Science project. This description is shared by all collaborators in a session. In co‐operation with the e‐Viz project, we generate user interfaces for the visualization services automatically from the skML description. The new system is called notification‐service‐based collaborative visualization. A simple prototype has been built and is used to illustrate the concepts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The XtreemFS architecture—a case for object‐based file systems in Grids
Authors: Hupfeld Felix , Cortes Toni , Kolbeck Björn , Stender Jan , Focht Erich , Hess Matthias , Malo Jesus , Marti Jonathan , Cesario Eugenio 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn today's Grids, files are usually managed by Grid data management systems that are superimposed on existing file and storage systems. In this paper, we analyze this predominant approach and argue that object‐based file systems can be an alternative when adapted to the characteristics of a Grid environment. We describe how we are solving the challenge of extending the object‐based storage architecture for the Grid in XtreemFS, an object‐based file system for federated infrastructures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.