bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of layer‐assembled W/O/W‐type microencapsulated beads and application in solid‐state fermentation
Authors: Wen Lei , Jiang Jingrong , Zheng Jia , Wang Hong , Huang Min , Zong Xuyan , Li Li 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, microcapsule beads‐0–3‐layers (M‐0–3 indicates microencapsulated beads with 0, 1, 2, and 3 layers) were prepared, their properties were measured and characterized, and the effects of M‐0–3 on solid‐state fermentation were investigated. The results showed that in a liquid environment, the releasing glucoamylase activities of M‐0–3 were 55.77%, 47.67%, 45.85%, and 42.87% in 360 h, respectively. In the solid environment, the reducing sugar production efficiency of M‐0–3 was 29.84%, 27.72%, 19.16%, and 15.93% in 15 days, respectively. Adding M‐0–3 improved the alcohol and reduced sugar content while decreasing the residual starch content of the Jiupei, indicating that adding M‐0–3 was beneficial to the solid‐state fermentation of Baijiu. Solid‐state fermentation simulation experiments illustrated that microcapsule beads play a positive role in the production of Baijiu, enhancing raw material utilization and yield of Baijiu production.
Development and characterization of physical stability, glycemic index, flow behaviors, and antioxidant activity of finger millet‐based beverage
Authors: Mishra Shivangi , Singh Rakhi , Upadhyay Ashutosh , Kaur Barjinder Pal , Shukla Shruti 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMillets are gaining attention as a superfood due to their higher nutritional value and cost‐effectiveness. In this regard, extraction condition for the development of finger millet‐based beverage was optimized using a central composite design. Soaking time (X1) and temperature (X2) in the range of 5–10 h and 40–60°C, respectively, were the independent variables taken for three responses, namely, yield, total solids, and sedimentation index. The optimized conditions are best fitted in quadratic model (R2 0.91) for all the dependent variables. Accordingly, the optimized levels selected for soaking time and temperature were 10 h and 60°C respectively, resulting in the yield (Y1) of 91.86% ± 0.94%, total solids (Y2) of 17.72% ± 0.56%, and sedimentation index (Y3) of 12.18% ± 0.06%. Further, xanthan gum (0.5%) and jaggery powder (5%) were added in the optimized beverage to improve its physicochemical and functional properties. Xanthan gum improved the physical stability and rheological properties of the beverage, whereas jaggery improved the flavor and phenolic content of the same. The optimized beverage had a good amount of phenolic content (53.70 µg GAE/mL), antioxidant activity (DPPH 13.76 µmol/mL), zeta potential (−19.8 mV), and glycemic index (57). The flow curve of beverages was obtained using power law model, and result indicated good consistency index (k = 0.7716 Pa s) with flow behavior (n = 0.3411) depicted its pseudoplastic nature. The optimized extraction condition significantly reduced the antinutrients, tannin, and phytic content by 47% and 14%, respectively, in optimized beverage than control.
Application effects of NaCl substitute on the fermentation profile of Pixian douban (broad bean paste)
Authors: Li Na , Lin Shengchao , Sun Wenjia , Xu Min , Liu Ping , Che Zhenming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe effects of a reduced‐salt substitute (composed of NaCl, sodium gluconate, KCl, L‐histidine, and L‐lysine) applied in the fermentation of traditional Pixian douban (PXDB) were explored in this study according to sensory quality, physicochemical characteristics, color, colony count, and the contents of free amino acids (FAAs), organic acids, and volatile flavor compounds. The results showed that the PXDB with a 15% salt substitution had the most attractive reddish‐brown color, a mellow fragrance, and the lowest total colony count of the three pastes. The fermentation quality of the 15% salt substitute PXDB was superior to that of the control groups, its sensory quality was more readily accepted, and the contents of its amino acid nitrogen, FAAs and organic acids had increased by 0.1050, 0.3290, and 3.9068 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, the concentrations of the main aroma compounds in the PXDB containing the salt substitute were higher than those of the control. These included phenylethanol, 3‐methylthiopropanol, isoamyl alcohol, furfural, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, nonanal, isoamyl aldehyde, 4‐ethylphenol, and, particularly, 2,6‐dimethylpyrazine, which had increased as much as 100 times. Correlation analysis showed that Glu, Phe, Tyr, Gly, Leu, Val, Asp, Ile, citric acids, and succinic acids were all positively correlated with the main aroma and contributed to the generation of PXDB's characteristic flavor, and main aroma substances in turn positively influence PXDB flavor sensory attributes. Overall, these results showed the application of the 15% salt substitute during PXDB fermentation improved the quality of the paste and, thus, would benefit the development of reduced‐salt PXDB.
Pandemic preparedness: On the efficacy of non‐pharmaceutical interventions in COVID‐19 and about approaches to predict future pandemic viruses
Authors: Brüssow Harald 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith three major viral pandemics over the last 100 years, namely the Spanish flu, AIDS and COVID‐19 each claiming many millions of lives, pandemic preparedness has become an important issue for public health. The economic, social and political consequences of the upheaval caused by such pandemics also represent a major challenge for governments with respect to sustainable development goals. The field of pandemic preparedness is vast and the current article can only address selected aspects. The article looks first backwards and addresses the question of the efficacy of non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) on the trajectory of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The article looks then forward by asking to what extent viral candidates for future pandemics can be predicted by virome analyses from metagenome and transcriptome sequencing, by focusing on the virome from specific animal species and using ecological and epidemiological data about spillover viral infections in veterinary and human medicine. As a comprehensive overview on pandemic preparedness is beyond the capacity of a single reviewer, only selected topics will be discussed using recent key scientific publications. Since COVID‐19 has not run its course, a computational program able to predict the future evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2 is mentioned that could assist proactive mRNA vaccine developments against possible future variants of concern. Ending the COVID‐19 epidemic necessitates mucosal vaccines that can suppress the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 and therefore this article closes by discussing a promising and versatile protein nanoparticle experimental vaccine approach for inhalation that does not depend on needles nor a cold chain for distribution.
Ruminations on sustainable and safe food: Championing for open symbiotic cultures ensuring resource efficiency, eco‐sustainability and affordability
Authors: Javourez Ugo , Matassa Silvio , Vlaeminck Siegfried E. , Verstraete Willy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMicrobes are powerful upgraders, able to convert simple substrates to nutritional metabolites at rates and yields surpassing those of higher organisms by a factor of 2 to 10. A summary table highlights the superior efficiencies of a whole array of microbes compared to conventionally farmed animals and insects, converting nitrogen and organics to food and feed. Aiming at the most resource‐efficient class of microbial proteins, deploying the power of open microbial communities, coined here as ‘symbiotic microbiomes’ is promising. For instance, a production train of interest is to develop rumen‐inspired technologies to upgrade fibre‐rich substrates, increasingly available as residues from emerging bioeconomy initiatives. Such advancements offer promising perspectives, as currently only 5%–25% of the available cellulose is recovered by ruminant livestock systems. While safely producing food and feed with open cultures has a long‐standing tradition, novel symbiotic fermentation routes are currently facing much higher market entrance barriers compared to axenic fermentation. Our global society is at a pivotal juncture, requiring a shift towards food production systems that not only embrace the environmental and economic sustainability but also uphold ethical standards. In this context, we propose to re‐examine the place of spontaneous or natural microbial consortia for safe future food and feed biotech developments, and advocate for intelligent regulatory practices. We stress that reconsidering symbiotic microbiomes is key to achieve sustainable development goals and defend the need for microbial biotechnology literacy education.
Letter: Switching to tenofovir alafenamide for nucleos(t)ide analogue‐experienced patients with chronic hepatitis B can increase body weight
Authors: Tan Youwen , Zheng Sainan 
Published: March 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Ogawa et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17107 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17910
Letter: Association of polymorphic variant of SerpinB3 and faster cirrhosis decompensation in patients with cirrhosis—More evidence needed
Authors: Jing Haibo , Lin Lin , Xu Juan , Zhang Huifeng , Cao Lin , Fan Yaofu 
Published: March 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Martini et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17804 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17916
Editorial: Using machine learning to predict significant fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Manikat Richie , Ahmed Aijaz , Kim Donghee 
Published: March 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Verma et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17891 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17913
Editorial: The tsunami of steatotic liver disease in India, the Asia‐Pacific region and the world
Authors: Shaheen Abdel‐Aziz , Brahmania Mayur 
Published: March 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Prabhakar et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17892 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17921
Uses and limitations of small‐volume biopsies for the diagnosis of lymphoma
Authors: Fitzpatrick Megan J. , Sohani Aliyah R. , Ly Amy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough surgical biopsy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of lymphoma, small‐volume biopsies including fine‐needle aspiration and core needle biopsy are increasingly being used as a first line diagnostic tool. Small‐volume biopsies are safe, rapid and cost effective; however, diagnostic utility varies by lymphoma subtype. It is important for pathologists and clinicians to recognize both the strengths and limitations of such biopsies.
Elevated factor XI is associated with recurrent left ventricular thrombus of unknown origin
Authors: Zandecki Łukasz , Ząbczyk Michał , Undas Anetta 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundElevated factor XI (FXI) has been shown to predispose to thromboembolism. We investigated whether it is associated with left ventricular thrombus (LVT) formation, its recurrence and subsequent thromboembolic events.MethodsIn 54 patients with prior LVT of unknown origin, who stopped anticoagulation and 54 controls, we determined FXI, along with plasma clot permeability (Ks), fibrinolysis time (CLT), endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), von Willebrand factor (vWF) and fibrinolysis proteins. During follow‐up, the primary endpoint involving the recurrence of LVT a symptomatic ischemic stroke or systemic embolism was recorded.ResultsElevated (>120%) FXI levels were more often observed in LVT patients when compared to the control group (14 [25.9%] vs. 6 [11.1%], p = .048) in association with the presence of active FXI. FXI correlated with age (r = .406, p = .002), Ks (r = −.542, p < .001) and CLT (r = .406, p = .002), also after adjustment for age, but not with ETP, vWF or fibrinolysis proteins. During follow‐up of 77.6 ± 18.5 months the primary endpoint occurred in 17 (31.5%) LVT patients, including 11 (20.4%) recurrent LVT, and in 4 (7.4%) controls (annual incidence rate 4.9% vs. 1.1%, respectively; p = .002). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, elevated FXI was independently associated with the primary endpoint (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.09–1.28).ConclusionsElevated FXI in association with a prothrombotic state characterizes patients with prior LVT of unknown origin and predisposes to its recurrence and/or ischemic stroke during follow‐up. It might be speculated that the measurement of FXI helps identify patients who could benefit from prolonged anticoagulation and FXI inhibitors in the future.
Cervical and thoracic spinal cord gray matter atrophy is associated with disability in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Wendebourg Maria Janina , Weigel Matthias , Weidensteiner Claudia , Sander Laura , Kesenheimer Eva , Naumann Nicole , Haas Tanja , Madoerin Philipp , Braun Nathalie , Neuwirth Christoph , Weber Markus , Jahn Kathleen , Kappos Ludwig , Granziera Cristina , Schweikert Kathi , Sinnreich Michael , Bieri Oliver , Schlaeger Regina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeIn amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), there is an unmet need for more precise patient characterization through quantitative, ideally operator‐independent, assessments of disease extent and severity. Radially sampled averaged magnetization inversion recovery acquisitions (rAMIRA) magnetic resonance imaging enables gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) area quantitation in the cervical and thoracic spinal cord (SC) with optimized contrast. We aimed to investigate rAMIRA‐derived SC GM and SC WM areas and their association with clinical phenotype and disability in ALS.MethodsA total of 36 patients with ALS (mean [SD] age 61.7 [12.6] years, 14 women) and 36 healthy, age‐ and sex‐matched controls (HCs; mean [SD] age 63.1 [12.1] years, 14 women) underwent two‐dimensional axial rAMIRA imaging at the inter‐vertebral disc levels C2/3–C5/C6 and the lumbar enlargement level Tmax. ALS Functional Rating Scale–revised (ALSFRS‐R) score, muscle strength, and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) were assessed.ResultsCompared to HCs, GM and WM areas were reduced in patients at all cervical levels (p < 0.0001). GM area (p = 0.0001), but not WM area, was reduced at Tmax. Patients with King's Stage 3 showed significant GM atrophy at all levels, while patients with King's Stage 1 showed significant GM atrophy selectively at Tmax. SC GM area was significantly associated with muscle force at corresponding myotomes. GM area at C3/C4 was associated with ALSFRS‐R (p < 0.001) and SNIP (p = 0.0016).ConclusionPatients with ALS assessed by rAMIRA imaging show significant cervical and thoracic SC GM and SC WM atrophy. SC GM area correlates with muscle strength and clinical disability. GM area reduction at Tmax may be an early disease sign. Longitudinal studies are warranted.
In vitro competition between two transmissible cancers and potential implications for their host, the Tasmanian devil
Authors: Gérard Anne‐Lise , Owen Rachel S. , Dujon Antoine M. , Roche Benjamin , Hamede Rodrigo , Thomas Frédéric , Ujvari Beata , Siddle Hannah V. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSince the emergence of a transmissible cancer, devil facial tumour disease (DFT1), in the 1980s, wild Tasmanian devil populations have been in decline. In 2016, a second, independently evolved transmissible cancer (DFT2) was discovered raising concerns for survival of the host species. Here, we applied experimental and modelling frameworks to examine competition dynamics between the two transmissible cancers in vitro. Using representative cell lines for DFT1 and DFT2, we have found that in monoculture, DFT2 grows twice as fast as DFT1 but reaches lower maximum cell densities. Using co‐cultures, we demonstrate that DFT2 outcompetes DFT1: the number of DFT1 cells decreasing over time, never reaching exponential growth. This phenomenon could not be replicated when cells were grown separated by a semi‐permeable membrane, consistent with exertion of mechanical stress on DFT1 cells by DFT2. A logistic model and a Lotka–Volterra competition model were used to interrogate monoculture and co‐culture growth curves, respectively, suggesting DFT2 is a better competitor than DFT1, but also showing that competition outcomes might depend on the initial number of cells, at least in the laboratory. We provide theories how the in vitro results could be translated to observations in the wild and propose that these results may indicate that although DFT2 is currently in a smaller geographic area than DFT1, it could have the potential to outcompete DFT1. Furthermore, we provide a framework for improving the parameterization of epidemiological models applied to these cancer lineages, which will inform future disease management.
Evidence that variation in root anatomy contributes to local adaptation in Mexican native maize
Authors: McLaughlin Chloee M. , Li Meng , Perryman Melanie , Heymans Adrien , Schneider Hannah , Lasky Jesse R. , Sawers Ruairidh J. H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMexican native maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) is adapted to a wide range of climatic and edaphic conditions. Here, we focus specifically on the potential role of root anatomical variation in this adaptation. Given the investment required to characterize root anatomy, we present a machine‐learning approach using environmental descriptors to project trait variation from a relatively small training panel onto a larger panel of genotyped and georeferenced Mexican maize accessions. The resulting models defined potential biologically relevant clines across a complex environment that we used subsequently for genotype–environment association. We found evidence of systematic variation in maize root anatomy across Mexico, notably a prevalence of trait combinations favoring a reduction in axial hydraulic conductance in varieties sourced from cooler, drier highland areas. We discuss our results in the context of previously described water‐banking strategies and present candidate genes that are associated with both root anatomical and environmental variation. Our strategy is a refinement of standard environmental genome‐wide association analysis that is applicable whenever a training set of georeferenced phenotypic data is available.
Leisure time and parenting in Europe: a more difficult equation for mothers?
Authors: Martinez Mendiola Anna , Cortina Clara 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis paper analyzes gender inequalities in leisure time within coresident opposite‐sex couples with and without children at home in five European countries to evaluate the gendered parental impact in leisure time.BackgroundIn European societies, women continue to bear much of the physical and mental burden involved in running a household and managing family life resulting in greater levels of stress and time deprivation. Time spent in leisure has been associated with better physical and psychological wellness. Understanding how gender influences the distribution of leisure time among couples living with and without children at home, and how these effects differ across European countries, is important to understand individual and couples' well‐being.MethodDrawing on information from the Multinational Time Use Study for 15,024 matched couples residing in Spain, Italy, France, Finland, and the United Kingdom, we conduct a series of ordinary‐least‐squares regression analyses with country fixed effects.ResultsThe general trends reveal that women in Europe allocate less time to leisure and that mothers experience lower leisure of high quality compared to their partners when their children are below the age of 5. However, Finnish and British couples exhibit a more egalitarian distribution of leisure time regardless of their parental status, particularly when compared to Italian and Spanish ones.ConclusionThis study unveils a gendered use of leisure time, as well as a gendered parental impact when children are young. However, the impact of women's second shift in leisure time varies across countries, suggesting a cultural and institutional effect.ImplicationsThese findings have implications for researchers, health professionals, and policymakers concerned with understanding and alleviating situations of overstress, time poverty, and depression among women, but especially among mothers of young children.
An analysis of fatigue crack features at various crack lengths through mating fracture surface pairs
Authors: Field Isaac , Kandare Everson , Dixon Ben , Barter Simon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel high‐resolution direct analysis of mating AA7050‐T7451 fracture surfaces at crack lengths from 0.1 to 1.3 mm (Kmax of 4.51 to 16.39 MPa√m) for the purpose of analyzing the fatigue growth mechanisms. The various fractographic features observed at these crack lengths were then compared to the known accelerative effects of an applied loading sequence that contained underloads at regular intervals. A correlation was found between some of the observed features and the local fatigue crack growth rate. This study provides new insight into the prominent mechanisms that dictate crack growth rate and ultimately should assist with developing crack growth prediction methods that more accurately represent the physics of the fatigue crack growth mechanisms.
Highly stable CuFe1.2Al.8O4 catalyst with low CO selectivity for hydrogen production in HT‐PEMFCs application
Authors: Shen Qiuwan , Chen Gaokui , Ren Jinli , Yan Min , Andersson Martin , Li Shian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMethanol steam reforming (MSR) is considered as an effective way to provide on‐board hydrogen production technology for fuel cell applications. CuFe1.2Al.8O4 spinel catalyst was synthesized by sol–gel method and the chemical and physical properties were studied in‐depth. X‐ray diffraction, hydrogen‐temperature programmed reduction (H2‐TPR), BET, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the catalysts with reaction times of 20, 50, and 100 h. The results of H2‐TPR showed that 90% of spinel Cu2+ was released after 100 h reaction. BET results show that the specific surface area and pore characteristics of the catalyst have not changed greatly after reaction for 20, 50, and 100 h. Furthermore, in the unsteady‐state test, CuFe1.2Al.8O4 exhibited excellent catalytic activity and thermal stability under long‐term repeated start‐up and stop cycles. At 275°C, the methanol conversion rate remained around 94% and the CO selectivity remained below 1%. Therefore, the catalyst synthesized in this study has excellent stability and low CO selectivity, making it a highly promising on‐board hydrogen production catalyst in the field of HT‐proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).