bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic diagnosis of a cervical vagal schwannoma
Authors: Le Corroller Thomas , Sebag Fréderic , Vidal Vincent , Jacquier Alexis , Champsaur Pierre , Bartoli Jean Michel , Moulin Guy 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis case report illustrates the role of high‐resolution sonography in the preoperative assessment of a schwannoma of the vagus nerve in the neck. Sonography identified the tumor in the right carotid space and determined its origin from the right vagus nerve, facilitating the surgeon's approach to preserve nerve function. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
Differentiation or path dependency: a critical look at the Australian wine industry
Authors: Aylward David 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
In 2007 the Australian wine industry is at a crossroads, both organizationally and culturally. Having achieved considerable success over the past three decades, the industry is now operating in the shadow of that success. Rather than adapting to new and multiple operating pathways of a global wine landscape, industry organizations continue to steer their sector along the entrenched and restrictive pathways of previous achievement.
This paper examines strategies that have locked the industry into a saturated, price‐sensitive, commodity wine market. It explains how these strategies will inherently fail to address current challenges and opportunities, and based on empirical data, why a differentiated, region‐specific approach to wine production is the most likely strategy for survival.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moving mountains through simple directive
Authors: Neal Derrick J. , Naylor Quentin W. M. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
On 1 July 2004 the Secretary of State for Defence (SofS) released the Defence White Paper (DWP) ‘Delivering Security in the Changing World’, in which he set out his strategy to deliver security into the 21st century. The announcement followed a thorough analysis of the emerging security environment and was conducted in the aftermath of 11 September 2001, and amidst a continuing Global War on Terror.
The DWP announced major changes to the structure, size and organization of Defence generally, with significant changes to the Royal Air Force (RAF) and Royal Navy (RN). Changes to the Army were presented under the banner of ‘Future Army Structures’ (FAS), which primarily represented a rebalancing of capability to ‘meet the new threats  .  .  .  of international terrorism’ (MoD, 2004) through the provision of a ‘truly robust and expeditionary Army’ according to the Chief of General Staff (2004).
FAS was part of the response by the Army to increasing budgetary pressure to save money and within this the Army decided to restructure the Infantry in a programme designated Future Infantry Structures (FIS). However, in delivering FIS the Army runs the risk of ignoring some of the key tenets of change management. This paper presents examples of how the Army has not recognized issues of establishing a guiding coalition, stakeholder engagement and the role of communications.
However, the prime concern is that the Army appears to believe that major change (culturally significant) can be achieved without giving due attention to appropriate resourcing of change.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dealing with strategic change: a trio of automotive industry closures in the West Midlands
Authors: Bentley Gill 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
This paper looks at the public policy response to dealing with strategic change in the case of a trio of automotive industry closures in the West Midlands, the outcome of restructuring in the auto industry. It shows that what is essentially a reactive response is related to the scale of the closure and the character of the closure.
Falling sales and exchange rate volatility, plus production inefficiency, led to Jaguar moving production from Coventry to Castle Bromwich in Birmingham. Neither the scale of job loss at Browns Lane, nor the impact on the supply chain, was as great as it was at Peugeot's Ryton factory when production was moved to a low labour cost location in Slovakia. In the case of MG Rover, its long‐term failure to develop new models, among other factors, saw MG Rover being sold to Nanjing Auto and its machinery shipped to China. A Task Force swung into action to deal with the loss of 6000 jobs and the loss of business to firms in the supply chain. Its budget was bigger than in the case of the other two closures.
However, it is not only the difference in public policy response that is of interest, but also the challenge the closures pose for the understanding of structural change. While the classic reasons for closure are to be found in the closures, in the aftermath Ford is continuing to shed its European acquisitions. This questions the process of capital concentration. The loss of production capability to the West Midlands also blows wide the auto cluster in the West Midlands and makes it more likely that we can see a merging filiere developing in the ever‐changing geography of production.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supercritical fluid extraction of ecdysterone from the roots of Achyranthes bidentata BL.
Authors: Zheng Yizhe , Liu Ben , Chen Mingjie , Chen Tao 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEcdysterone has been found in a great many plants and animals and has some valuable pharmaceutical properties. The present study was conducted to investigate optimal conditions for the extraction of the compound by supercritical fluid extraction from the roots of Achyranthes bidentata BL. An orthogonal array design (OAD), OA9(34), was employed as a chemometric method for optimization of the extraction of ecdysterone from the herbal medicine. Four parameters, namely, pressure and temperature of the supercritical fluid, the dynamic extraction time, and the flow rate of dimethyl sulfoxide, were studied and optimized by a three‐level OAD. Determinations of the extracts were performed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The effects of the parameters were studied using analysis of variance. The results shown that the yield of ecdysterone could be influenced by the four parameters to a similar degree. The yield for DMSO‐modified supercritical CO2 was in the range from 0.65 to 1.03 mg/g under the selected conditions. In comparison with methanol‐modified supercritical CO2 and Soxhlet extraction, a higher yield was obtained when DMSO‐modified supercritical CO2 was used.
Effect of pressure drop on solute retention and column efficiency in supercritical fluid chromatography Part 2: Modified carbon dioxide as mobile phase
Authors: Rajendran Arvind , Gilkison Timothy S. , Mazzotti Marco 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effect of pressure drop on the performance of supercritical fluid chromatography systems using a modified mobile phase (carbon dioxide + ethanol) was studied. Experiments were performed on a Lichrospher‐RP‐18 column with phenanthrene as a solute. A wide range of back pressures (130 to 210 bar) and modifier concentrations (2 to 7% w/w) have been explored. Experiments yielding both small and large pressure drops were performed. From these experiments, parameters to describe pressure drop, retention, and column efficiency were extracted, and were used to simulate the dynamics of the chromatographic column. A good match between the experimentally measured and calculated values of pressure drop, retention times, and column efficiency was observed. At low back pressure and modifier composition, significant loss of column efficiency was observed.
Performing tourism: exploring the productive consumption of tourism in enclavic spaces
Authors: Jordan Fiona 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper the interactive nature of touristic encounters in enclavic spaces is explored. Drawing on concepts of tourism as performative practice, it examines tourist experience as a form of productive consumption in which holidays are shaped by interactions with both those working in tourism and other tourists. The discussion draws on data gathered in semi‐structured interviews carried out with 39 solo female tourists from the UK. The findings of this study suggest that the sexualised performances of tourism employees and of different groups of tourists in the physical, temporal and social contexts of the holiday have the power to render such spaces inclusive or exclusionary. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
A trust‐region method with a conic model for unconstrained optimization
Authors: Qu Shao‐Jian , Jiang Su‐Da 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we propose and analyze a new conic trust‐region algorithm for solving the unconstrained optimization problems. A new strategy is proposed to construct the conic model and the relevant conic trust‐region subproblems are solved by an approximate solution method. This approximate solution method is not only easy to implement but also preserves the strong convergence properties of the exact solution methods. Under reasonable conditions, the locally linear and superlinear convergence of the proposed algorithm is established. The numerical experiments show that this algorithm is both feasible and efficient. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical field calculations considering the human subject for engineering and safety assurance in MRI
Authors: Collins Christopher M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNumerical calculations of static, switched, and radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic (EM) fields considering the geometry and EM properties of the human body are used increasingly in MRI to explain observed phenomena, explore the limitations of various approaches, engineer improved techniques and technology, and assure safety. As the static field strengths and RF field frequencies in MRI have increased in recent years, the value of these methods has become more pronounced and their use has become more widespread. With the recent growth in parallel reception techniques and the advent of transmit RF arrays, the utility of these calculations will become only more critical to continued progress of MRI. Proper relation of field calculation results to the MRI experiment can require significant understanding of MRI physics, EM field principles, MRI coil hardware, and EM field safety. Here some fundamental principles are reviewed and current approaches and applications are catalogued to aid the reader in finding resources valuable in beginning field calculations for their own applications in MR, with an eye to the current needs and future utility of numerical field calculations in MRI. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smoking and binge drinking among Canadian survivors of childhood and adolescent cancers: A comparative, population‐based study
Authors: Carswell Kendra , Chen Yue , Nair Rama C. , Shaw Amanda K. , Speechley Kathy N. , Barrera Maru , Maunsell Elizabeth 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundObjectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of smoking and binge drinking among survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer compared to controls who had never had cancer, and to identify factors associated with these behaviors.ProcedureData came from a national, multi‐centre, population‐based study of survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer (n = 1,263) aged 16 to 37 years and an age and gender matched control group (n = 1,422). Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the likelihood and predictors of current smoking and binge drinking.ResultsSurvivors were less likely to be current smokers (ORadj = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.54–0.77) and binge drinkers (ORadj = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.55–0.78) than the controls. Still, a substantial proportion of survivors reported smoking (23%) and binge drinking (25%). Survivors' smoking and binge drinking did not vary substantially by the clinical factors assessed. Survivors who received therapy associated with cardiac and/or pulmonary toxicity were as likely to smoke as non‐exposed survivors. For both the survivors and controls current smoking and binge drinking were associated with lower education and higher reported stress. Binge drinking was also associated with being male and life dissatisfaction in both groups.ConclusionsThis study indicates a need to reduce smoking and binge drinking among survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer and to design interventions addressing the underlying reasons for adopting unhealthy behaviors despite their risk for late effects. We identified factors related to smoking and binge drinking among survivors: being male, lower educational attainment, life dissatisfaction and high stress, which should help inform intervention development. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:280–287. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
School belonging among low‐income urban youth with disabilities: Testing a theoretical model
Authors: McMahon Susan D. , Parnes Anna L. , Keys Christopher B. , Viola Judah J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPositive school environments and school belonging have been associated with a variety of positive academic, social, and psychological outcomes among youth. Yet, it is not clear how these constructs are related, and few studies have focused on urban at‐risk youth with disabilities. This study examines baseline survey data from 136 low‐income African American and Latino students in grades 5 to 12, most of whom have disabilities, recently transferred following a school closure. Using structural equation modeling, we tested a model that examined the relationships among school stressors and resources, school belonging, academic outcomes (school satisfaction and academic self‐efficacy), and psychological outcomes (anxiety and depression). This model was an excellent fit with the data, and findings indicate that school belonging plays a central role in explaining how school context can affect both psychological and academic outcomes. This model has implications for school‐based interventions that can enhance student success and well‐being. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relations among school assets, individual resilience, and student engagement for youth grouped by level of family functioning
Authors: Sharkey Jill D. , You Sukkyung , Schnoebelen Katrina 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGiven the importance of student engagement for healthy outcomes, research needs to investigate whether school‐based assets promote student engagement beyond individual and family influences. Unfortunately, such research has been limited by a lack of valid instrumentation. After examining the psychometrics of the California Healthy Kids Survey Resilience Youth Development Module, we used this risk and resilience instrument with a randomly selected sample of 10,000 diverse 7th‐, 9th‐, and 11th‐grade students to test a model of relations between school assets, individual resilience, and student engagement for students grouped by level of family assets. Although youth in the low family asset group reported lower student engagement, contrary to hypothesis, multigroup structural equation modeling revealed that school assets did not have a differential relation for low family asset youth compared to their high family asset peers. School assets were associated with student engagement for all groups, even accounting for individual resilience. Implications and future directions are provided. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engaging youth in school and learning: The emerging key to school success and completion
Authors: Kortering Larry , Braziel Patricia 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis commentary on articles in this special issue of Psychology in the Schools discusses the importance of school completion by identifying the individual and social costs associated with youths who fail to complete school. An appreciation of these various costs sets the stage for exploring an “emerging” key to school completion—engaging students in school and learning. A brief review of articles in this special issue directs attention toward various aspects of engagement, including conceptual insight and practical interventions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intrinsa: testosterone patch for low sexual desire in women
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Panay Nick 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIntrinsa, a transdermal testosterone patch, is licensed for women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder following bilateral oophorectomy or hysterectomy. Here, Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects, and Mr Panay comments on its role in therapy. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Current management of atopic eczema in primary care
Authors: Hague Joanne , Berth‐Jones John 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAtopic eczema is a chronic and distressing skin condition that affects the lives of many patients and their families in the UK. This Drug review discusses the recommended management of atopic eczema, followed by a list of useful resources, an analysis of prescription data and the Datafile. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Effects of the brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida on erythematous inflammation assessed using digital photo analysis
Authors: Khan Mohammed Nurul Absar , Lee Min‐Chul , Kang Ji‐Young , Park Nam Gyu , Fujii Hitoshi , Hong Yong‐Ki 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar produced potent inhibition of erythematous inflammation assessed using digital photo analysis. The analysis technique was validated by laser speckle flowgraphy and blood vessel contraction. The methanol extract suppressed erythema by 50% when applied within 1 h before or 15 min after application of phorbol myristate acetate. Erythema reduction to half‐maximal values took 12 h with the extract, compared with 25 h with the vehicle. The blade part of the thallus showed the highest activity, while the northern type of U. pinnatifida had slightly higher activity than the southern type. The active constituents were stearidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. These findings reinforce the claims of the health care industry and indigenous medicine that U. pinnatifida can be used as a health food and remedy for inflammation‐related symptoms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective effect of Tinospora cordifolia, Phyllanthus emblica and their combination against antitubercular drugs induced hepatic damage: an experimental study
Authors: Panchabhai T. S. , Ambarkhane S. V. , Joshi A. S. , Samant B. D. , Rege N. N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of two Indian medicinal plants Tinospora cordifolia (Tc), Phyllanthus emblica (Pe), and their combination, in a rat model of isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide induced hepatic damage. Hepatic damage was assessed using a composite score assigned to histopathological findings of degeneration, necrosis and fibrosis. The antituberculosis treatment (ATT), when given for 90 days, induced significant degeneration and necrosis (score: 7.5; p < 0.01 vs vehicle) associated with morphological changes. However, no change was found in the serum bilirubin and liver enzymes. Co‐administration of silymarin (positive control, 50 mg/kg) with ATT protected against necrosis (score: 1.5; p < 0.001 vs ATT). Tc (100 mg/kg) showed a reduction in liver damage (score: 6.5), which was not statistically significant. On the other hand, Pe (300 mg/kg) prevented the necrotic changes to a significant extent (grade: 100; p < 0.05 vs ATT; score: 5.5). Combination of Tc and Pe in their therapeutic doses (1:3) significantly prevented the necrosis (score: 3.5; p < 0.001 vs ATT). Similar effects were seen even when the doses were halved and were comparable to the silymarin group. Thus, this study proves the synergistic protective effects exerted by the combination of Tc and Pe when co‐administered with ATT. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibothropic action of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Flacourtiaceae) extracts
Authors: Cintra‐Francischinelli M. , Silva M. G. , Andréo‐Filho N. , Gerenutti M. , Cintra A. C. O. , Giglio J. R. , Leite G. B. , Cruz‐Höfling M. A. , Rodrigues‐Simioni L. , Oshima‐Franco Y. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCasearia sylvestris Sw., popularly known in Brazil as ‘guaçatonga’, has been used as antitumor, antiseptic, antiulcer, local anaesthetic and healer in folk medicine. Snakebite envenomation by Bothrops jararacussu (Bjssu) constitutes a relevant public health hazard capable of inducing serious local damage in victims. This study examined the pharmacological action of apolar and polar C. sylvestris leaf extracts in reverting the neuromuscular blockade and myonecrosis, which is induced by Bjssu venom and its major toxin bothropstoxin‐I on the mouse phrenic nerve–diaphragm preparations. The polar methanol extract (ME) was by far the most efficacious. ME not only prevented myonecrosis and abolished the blockade, but also increased ACh release. Such facilitation in neuromuscular transmission was observed with ME alone, but was accentuated in preparations incubated with ME plus venom or toxin. This established synergy opens an interesting point of investigation because the venom or toxin in contact with ME changes from a blocking to a facilitating effect. It is suggested that rutin, known to have potent antioxidant properties, and one of the components present in the ME, could have a role in the observed effects. Since commercial rutin did not reproduce the ME effects, it is likely that a rutin‐containing phytocomplex is neutralizing the bothropic envenoming effects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fermented papaya preparation as redox regulator in blood cells of β‐thalassemic mice and patients
Authors: Amer Johnny , Goldfarb Ada , Rachmilewitz Eliezer A. , Fibach Eitan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMany aspects of the pathology in β‐hemoglobinopathies (β‐thalassemia and sickle cell anemia) are mediated by oxidative stress. Fermented papaya preparation (FPP) was tested for its antioxidant effects: the scavenging effect was determined spectrofluorometrically in a cell‐free system using 2′‐7′‐dichlorofluorescin‐diacetate (DCF). Both spontaneous and H2O2‐induced DCF oxidations were decreased by FPP in a dose‐dependent fashion. Using flow cytometry, it was shown that in vitro treatment of blood cells from β‐thalassemic patients with FPP increased the glutathione content of red blood cells (RBC), platelets and polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes, and reduced their reactive oxygen species, membrane lipid peroxidation and externalization of phosphatidylserine. These effects result in (a) reduced thalassemic RBC sensitivity to hemolysis and phagocytosis by macrophages; (b) improved PMN ability to generate oxidative burst – an intracellular mechanism of bacteriolysis, and (c) reduced platelet tendency to undergo activation, as reflected by fewer platelets carrying external phosphatidylserine. Oral administration of FPP to β‐thalassemic mice (50 mg/mouse/day for 3 months) and to patients (3 g × 3 times/day for 3 months), reduced all the above mentioned parameters of oxidative stress (p < 0.001 in mice and p < 0.005 in patients). These results suggest that FPP, as a potent antioxidant, might alleviate symptoms associated with oxidative stress in severe forms of thalassemia. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.