bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the electrochemical oxidation products of zotepine and their fragmentation using on‐line electrochemistry/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Nozaki Kazuyoshi , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Kimura Sumihisa , Kagayama Akira , Arakawa Ryuichi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWhen zotepine, an antipsychotic drug, was electrochemically oxidized using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) coupled with a microflow electrolytic cell, [M + 16 + H]+ (m/z 348), [M—H]+ (m/z 330) and [M—14 + H]+ (m/z 318) were observed as electrochemical oxidation product ions (M represents the zotepine molecule). Although a major fragment ion that was derived from the dimethyl aminoethyl moiety was observed only at m/z 72 in the collision‐induced dissociation (CID) spectrum of zotepine, new fragments such as m/z 315 and 286 ions could be generated in the CID spectrum by combining electrochemical oxidation and CID. Since these fragments were relatively specific with high ion strength, it was thought that they would be useful for developing a sensitive LC‐MS/MS assay. The S‐oxide and N‐demethylated products were detected by electrolysis assuring that a portion of P450 metabolites of zotepine could be mimicked by the electrochemistry/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EC/ESI‐MS) system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blue natural organic dyestuffs—from textile dyeing to mural painting. Separation and characterization of coloring matters present in elderberry, logwood and indigo
Authors: Pawlak Katarzyna , Puchalska Maria , Miszczak Agata , Rosłoniec Elżbieta , Jarosz Maciej 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNatural dyestuffs used for painting or dyeing of textiles are complex mixtures of compounds of various chemical properties. Proper identification of the dye used by a painter and, even better, its origin is possible only when its compositional ‘fingerprint’ can be evaluated. For this reason gradient program for liquid chromatographic separation of 16 color compounds—components of natural blue dyes: elderberry, logwood and indigo—has been developed. Two detector systems were used simultaneously: UV‐Vis spectrophotometry (at 280, 445, 520 and 600 nm) and ESI mass spectrometry (positive and negative SIM mode). It was found that fragmentation observed in ESI‐MS is affected not only by ion source parameters, but also by chromatographic conditions, especially in case of the less stable substances: cyanidin glucosides, tannic acid, rutin and hematoxylin. Examination of characteristic dissociation pathways of the compounds under investigation after direct admission into ion source or after chromatographic separation allowed to select proper ions for SIM detection and to develop novel and efficient reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP‐HPLC)—UV‐Vis/ESI‐MS method for the analysis of natural blue dyes. The procedure was successfully applied for identification of indigotin and carminic acid—main colorants extracted from a fiber taken from the blue–red ‘Italian’ tapestry (the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw, Poland). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A justification for using NMR model‐free methods when investigating the solution structures of rhombic paramagnetic lanthanide complexes
Authors: Terazzi Emmanuel , Rivera Jean‐Pierre , Ouali Nadjet , Piguet Claude 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe detailed analysis of the 1H NMR hyperfine shifts according to the model‐free methods shows that the semi‐rigid monometallic complexes [Ln(L)(NO3)3] (Ln = Eu–Yb) are isostructural in solution. The associated separation of contact and pseudo‐contact contributions to the hyperfine NMR shifts in each rhombic lanthanide complex at room temperature provides paramagnetic susceptibility tensors whose principal magnetic axes match the expected symmetry requirements. Moreover, both axial (Δχax) and rhombic (Δχrh) paramagnetic anisotropies display satisfactory linear dependence on Bleaney's factors, a correlation predicted by the approximate high‐temperature expansion of the magnetic susceptibility limited to T−2. Consequently, the simple, and chemically attracting NMR model‐free methods are not limited to axial systems, and can be safely used for the investigation of the solution structures of any lanthanide complexes. Molecular‐based structural criteria for the reliable estimation of paramagnetic susceptibility tensors by NMR are discussed, together with the assignment of the labels of the crystal‐field and magnetic axes within Bleaney's approach. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Production of cloned goats by nuclear transfer of cumulus cells and long‐term cultured fetal fibroblast cells into abattoir‐derived oocytes
Authors: Lan Guo‐Cheng , Chang Zhong‐Le , Luo Ming‐Jiu , Jiang Yun‐Liang , Han Dong , Wu Yan‐Guang , Han Zheng‐Bin , Ma Suo‐Feng , Tan Jing‐He 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDairy goats are ideal for the transgenic production of therapeutic recombinant proteins. The use of recombinant somatic cell lines for nuclear transfer (NT) allows the introduction of genes by transfection, increases the efficiency of transgenic animal production to 100%, and overcomes the problem of founder mosaicism. Although viable animals have been cloned via NT from somatic cells of 11 species, the efficiency has been extremely low. Both blastomere and somatic cell NT increased fetal loss and perinatal morbidity/mortality in cattle and sheep, but fetal loss and perinatal mortality appear to be relatively low in goats. In this study, we produced cloned goats by NT from cumulus cells and long‐term cultured fetal fibroblast cells (FFCs) to abattoir‐derived oocytes. NT embryos were constructed from electrofusion of cumulus cells (CCs), FFCs, or skin fibroblast cells (SFCs) with cytoplasts prepared from abattoir‐derived ovaries. The NT embryos were activated with an optimized activating protocol (1 min exposure to 2.5 µM ionomycin followed by 2 hr incubation in 2mM 6‐DMAP). Two viable cloned kids from CCs and one from long‐term cultured FFCs (at passage 20–25) were born. Microsatellite analysis of 10 markers confirmed that all cloned offspring were derived from corresponding donor cells. To our knowledge, the production of cloned goat offspring using abattoir‐derived oocytes receiving nuclei from CCs and long‐term cultured FFCs has not been reported. The production of viable cloned animals after activation with reduced intensity of ionomycin and 6‐DMAP treatment has also not been reported. Loss of cloned embryos was obvious after 45 and 90 days of pregnancy, and a lack of cotyledons, heart defects, and improperly closed abdominal wall were observed in the aborted fetuses and one cloned kid. The fusibility and in vitro developmental potential of embryos reconstructed from FFCs at passage 20–25 were significantly lower than those of embryos reconstructed from FFCs at passage 3–5, and the cloning efficiency of the long‐term cultured cells was low (0.5%). Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pseudospectral method for MHD pipe flow
Authors: Carabineanu Adrian , Lungu Emil 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe paper deals with MHD flow in pipes with arbitrary wall conductivity under the influence of a transverse magnetic field. We employ the pseudospectral collocation method for obtaining a numerical solution of the problem. The numerical results are compared with analytical ones in the case of pipe with insulating walls. We notice that the magnetic field is slowing the motion. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuum‐based design sensitivity analysis and optimization of nonlinear shell structures using meshfree method
Authors: Yi Kiyoung , Choi K. K. , Kim Nam H. , Botkin Mark E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA continuum‐based shape and configuration design sensitivity analysis (DSA) method for a finite deformation elastoplastic shell structure has been developed. Shell elastoplasticity is treated using the projection method that performs the return mapping on the subspace defined by the zero‐normal stress condition. An incrementally objective integration scheme is used in the context of finite deformation shell analysis, wherein the stress objectivity is preserved for finite rotation increments. The material derivative concept is used to develop a continuum‐based shape and configuration DSA method. Significant computational efficiency is obtained by solving the design sensitivity equation without iteration at each converged load step using the same consistent tangent stiffness matrix. Numerical implementation of the proposed shape and configuration DSA is carried out using the meshfree method. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method is illustrated using numerical examples. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and testing of a virtual environment to train stroke patients with unilateral spatial neglect to cross a street safely
Authors: Weiss Patrice L. (Tamar) , Naveh Yuval , Katz Noomi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) entails the use of advanced technologies, including computers and various multimedia peripherals, to produce a simulated (that is, virtual) environment that users perceive as comparable to real world objects and events. In recent years, virtual reality technologies have begun to be used as an assessment and treatment tool in occupational therapy, in part because of the ability to create environments that provide patients with opportunities to engage in meaningful, purposeful tasks that are related to real‐life interests and activities. The objective of this study was to determine the suitability and feasibility of using a PC‐based, nonimmersive, VR system (that is, a system in which the user has a reduced sense of actual presence in and control over the simulated environment) for training individuals with unilateral spatial neglect to cross streets in a safe and vigilant manner. A virtual environment, consisting of a typical city street, was programmed using Superscape's™TM 3D‐Webmaster, a 3D web‐authoring tool. Twelve subjects, aged 55 to 75 years, participated in the initial feasibility study and, to date, a further eight subjects have participated in the intervention study. Six of the initial subjects and all eight of the intervention subjects had sustained a right hemispheric stroke at least 6 weeks prior to the study. The remaining subjects were healthy age‐matched adults who were independently mobile and had no difficulty in crossing streets. The results show that this virtual environment was suitable in both its cognitive and motor demands for the targeted population and indicate that the virtual reality training is likely to prove beneficial to people who have difficulty with crossing streets. The generalizability of these results, and recommendations regarding the use of virtual reality as an occupational therapy intervention, must be substantiated by further studies using a range of VR platforms with people with different cognitive and motor disabilities. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Intelligent transport systems and occupational therapy practice
Authors: Stefano Marilyn Di , Macdonald Wendy 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper explores some of the most widely available in‐vehicle information technology systems (intelligent transport systems, or ITSs) and discusses their implications for occupational therapy practice. Therapists often evaluate the impact of functional impairment on driving ability and, with an ageing population, the need for such assessments is increasing. Concurrently, ITSs are becoming increasingly common and it is important that their potential effects on both driving task demand and crash risk are considered by therapists when assessing drivers. Interactions between drivers and ITSs are analysed in an information processing framework, highlighting the importance of drivers' cognitive functioning. It is evident that the ability to use an ITS while driving is influenced by a driver's sensory, perceptual, cognitive and motor capacities and skills, all of which are likely to vary with age, disability and/or driving experience. The compatibility of ITS interface design with drivers' capacities and needs is crucial in determining how effectively, and safely, a particular system will be used. Therapists need to analyse interface demands in relation to the ability of individual drivers to cope with or benefit from an ITS, and to consider the potential for calibrating particular products to the specific requirements of individual drivers. It is concluded that many ITSs are at an early stage of development and should not be recommended without critical evaluation of their utility, usability and safety for the intended users. Therapists face the challenge of understanding the parameters and implications of ITSs so that they can assist their clients to optimize their occupational performance despite functional limitations, while also protecting the safety of other road users. Standards related to interface design are still undergoing development, and there is an urgent need for further research to evaluate the impact of vehicle technologies on human behaviour and road safety. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Acoustical force nanolithography of thin polymer films
Authors: Rubio‐Sierra F. J. , Yurtsever A. , Hennemeyer M. , Heckl W. M. , Stark R. W. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNanomachining of thin polymer resist films with an atomic force microscope (AFM) is a promising route for the fabrication of nanoscale devices. In order to enhance the controllability of the nanomachining process an in‐plane acoustic wave is coupled to the sample support. This enhances the intermittent force exerted by the AFM tip. The lateral resolution reached by this method is only limited by the physical size of the AFM tip to dimensions far below the light diffraction limit. The main process parameters are the frequency and magnitude of the acoustic wave, and the preloading force. In this work, the feasibility of acoustical force lithography and the influence of the relevant parameters are investigated. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Detection of 28 neurotransmitters and related compounds in biological fluids by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Bourcier Sophie , Benoist Jean‐François , Clerc Frédéric , Rigal Odile , Taghi Méryam , Hoppilliard Yannik 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis work presents two liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) acquisition modes: multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and neutral loss scan (NL), for the analysis of 28 compounds in a mixture. This mixture includes 21 compounds related to the metabolism of three amino acids: tyrosine, tryptophan and glutamic acid, two pterins and five deuterated compounds used as internal standards. The identification of compounds is achieved using the retention times (RT) and the characteristic fragmentations of ionized compounds. The acquisition modes used for the detection of characteristic ions turned out to be complementary: the identification of expected compounds only is feasible by MRM while expected and unexpected compounds are detected by NL. In the first part of this work, the fragmentations characterizing each molecule of interest are described. These fragmentations are used in the second part for the detection by MRM and NL of selected compounds in mixture with and without biological fluids. Any preliminary extraction precedes the analysis of compounds in biological fluids. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The nature of being: a thomistic perspective related to health and healing
Authors: Leathard Helen L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis study explores the coherence between postmodern perspectives on holistic health and healing and Thomas Aquinas' theory of the nature of being. It elucidates Aquinas' account of the nature of being as encompassing the being of God as act (willing), as goodness and as love; the being of creatures as created, loved and destined for eternal life united with God; and, finally, being as relationality. This concept of the nature of being is then explicated, using quotations from contemporary sources, as providing an explanatory epistemology of postmodern healthcare professionals' rediscovery that ‘being with’ patients and clients is commonly much more conducive to their healing than ‘doing for’ them. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
God sends us nothing but angels
Authors: Landman Angus 
Published: March 2006

AbstractGod sends us nothing but angels represents the core vision of a radical psychospiritual perspective, wherein all symptoms are understood as symptomatic of the fundamental human wound of forgetfulness, arising in the form of mistaken identity. We are not who we think we are and the reality we perceive is no more than a perception based on this mistaken identity. We think we are awake but in reality we are only dreaming. To awaken we need something that breaks through the dream to remind us of who we really are when Awakened. That ‘something’ is something which to the dreamer appears unbidden and unwanted, but to the Awakened One, angelic. That something is the perceived experience of death in all its different forms. Death heralding life heralding death. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Icarus versus King David: two sides of the evolution toward the self
Authors: Javanbakht Arash 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAccording to psychoanalysis and analytical psychology schools, myth and religious stories are believed to be the representatives of the intrapsychic life. They symbolize the evolution, interactions of elements, fears, hopes, failures and growth of the human psyche that is reflected in the language of symbolic stories. An archetype is a universal form or predisposition to characterize thoughts or feelings–an unlearned tendency to experience things in a certain way that can evoke powerful emotions in the reader or the audience because it awakens a primordial image of the unconscious memory. Myths, legends and religious stories are full of archetypes, which enhances their power to affect us at an unconscious level as well as at a conscious one. Through these legends, myths and religious stories, analytical psychologists seek the traces of human psychic nature and unconscious life. These legends and stories can also be of diagnostic and therapeutic help because they can be guidelines to the steps of psychic evolution and its challenges. They may also be used for helping people to know where they are in their journey toward the so‐called process of individuation. In this report the symbolism of two spontaneous pictures of Icarus and King David that recurrently entered the consciousness of a well‐socialized young man are discussed and compared. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Using song as a means of connecting with truth: an experiential approach involving the whole person
Authors: Rakusen Jill 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFollowing a session held at the 2003 International Spirituality and Health Conference, a self‐help, inclusive approach to the use of song is explored, called Giving Voice. Examples are given of how a wide variety of individuals, including the author, have harnessed it during sessions or courses and also in daily life. Anecdotal evidence of its effects is presented, with particular reference to the experience of connecting with truth and the internal sacred space. The process and mechanisms through which these effects occur are considered, in particular the roles of choice, willingness and responsibility. The relationship of this approach to religious beliefs (including absence or distrust thereof) is examined, and conclusions are drawn in relation to the awesome potential that lies at the heart of song. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A free convection crop dryer fired with kerosene
Authors: Williams JO , Babarinsa FA 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe hot air dryer comprises a firing compartment, heat exchanger and drying chamber. It was evaluated by drying cassava chips at 50–57°C and compared with traditional sun drying at 21–28°C. Drying times were reduced by 67% and the product was of higher quality in terms of colour and appearance. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Effect of harvest age on the storability of four sweetpotato varieties in an indoor barn
Authors: Okwuowulu PA 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe rate of sprouting decreased as the duration of storage increased from 1 to 3 months and differed significantly among four sweetpotato varieties. TIS 8441 sprouted most and TIS 2534 least. Weight loss and rotting also differed significantly, with varieties, TIS 8441 suffering most and TIS 87/0087 or TIS 2534 least. Age at harvest significantly affected storability. Roots harvested 3 months after planting deteriorated most as a result of sprouting and weight loss but rotted least. Roots harvested 5 months after planting were most prone to rotting during storage. Application of potassium fertilizer did not significantly affect sprouting, weight loss and rotting. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Effect of plant height at cutting and fertilizer on growth of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum)
Authors: Zewdu Tessema , Baars RMT , Yami Alemu 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe dry matter yield (DMY) of Napier grass was significantly affected by plant height at cutting, fertilizer application and their interaction. The highest yield, 12.34 t/ha, was from cutting at 1.0 m with 92 kg N kg/ha. Plant height at cutting had a significant positive effect on number of leaves per tiller and per plant. The internodes and internode length per tiller, the number of tillers per plant and basal circumference were positively affected by both plant height at cutting and fertilizer application, but the effect of leaf:stem ratio on DMY was negative. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Synthesis, Characterization of a Novel 1,2,4‐Thiotriazine Derivative (CAMTTO), and Copper(I) and Silver(I) Complexes thereof (CAMTTO = {(4‐[(4‐Chlorobenzylidene)‐amino]‐6‐methyl‐3‐thioxo‐[1,2,4]‐triazin‐3,4‐dihydro(2H)‐5‐one)}
Authors: Ghassemzadeh Mitra , Tabatabaee Masoomeh , Pooramini Mostafa M. , Heravi Majid M. , Eslami Abbas , Neumüller Bernhard 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe reaction of 4‐amino‐6‐methyl‐1,2,4‐triazin‐thione‐5‐one (H2AMTTO, 1) with 4‐chlorobenzaldhyde led to the corresponding iminic compound {(4‐[(4‐chloro‐benzylidene)‐amino]‐6‐methyl‐3‐thioxo[1,2,4]‐triazin‐3,4‐dihydro(2H)‐5‐one), CAMTTO (2). Treatment of 2 with copper(I) chloride in chloroform gave the dimeric complex [{(CAMTTO)2CuCl}2]·2CHCl3 (3). Treatment of 2 with copper(I) chloride and silver(I) nitrate in the presence of the co‐ligand triphenylphophane gave the complexes [(CAMTTO)CuCl(PPh3)2] (4) and [(CAMTTO)Ag(PPh3)2]NO3·2CHCl3 (5). All compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, 1H NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and partly by mass spectrometry and X‐ray diffraction studies. In addition 4 and 5 have been characterized by 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy. Crystal data for 2 at −80 °C: monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 1370.3(1), b = 767.8(1), c = 1268.7(1) pm, β = 107.12(1)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0379; for 3 at −80 °C: monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 1442.6(2), b = 878.8(1), c = 2558.7(3) pm, β = 95.31(1)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0746; for 4 at −80 °C: triclinic, space group ${\rm P}{\bar 1}$, a = 1287.9(1), b = 1291.7(1), c = 1359.5(1) pm, α = 90.44(1)°, β = 94.81(1)°, γ = 107.54(1)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0359 and for 5 at −80 °C: triclinic, space group ${\rm P}{\bar 1}$, a = 1060.5(1), b = 1578.2(2), c = 1689.6(2) pm, α = 87.70(1)°, β = 86.66(1)°, γ = 76.84(1)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0487.