bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muévete Bogotá: promoting physical activity with a network of partner companies
Authors: Gámez Rocio , Parra Diana , Pratt Michael , Schmid Thomas L. 
Published: April 2008

In 1998 the mayor's office and the District Institute for Sports and Recreation created Muevete Bogota, a physical activity and health promotion programme for the capital city of Colombia. Muevete means to move or to be active, and this campaign to promote physical activity was designed to improve the health and quality of life of the citizens of Bogota through regular physical activity. The programme is based on the 1995 recommendations on physical activity of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine (Pate el al., 1995), and was developed in close consultation with the Agita Sao Paulo programme in Brazil (Matsudo el al., 2003). Muevete Bogota couples a mass media campaign with programmes targeted to change physical activity behaviour. The interventions, which are conducted at work sites, schools, health care centers and in community settings rely on partnerships created among professionals in areas of education and health, business officials and personnel, and community members, to deliver the programmes in each of these settings and populations. Like many developing countries, Colombia suffers from a growing epidemic of chronic diseases. In 1993 35.7% of total mortality in the city of Bogota was due to chronic diseases (Espinosa, 1993). In 2002 cardiovascular diseases accounted for 40.3% of mortality among the population aged 60 years or older and 26.8% for persons 45 to 59 years of age. (Cardona, 2002) Bogota has implemented extensive physical and social environmental changes over the last decade, which has increased opportunities for physical activity, but sedentary lifestyle continues to be a significant public health problem in the city. Programmes such as Muevete Bogota that educate and motivate the population to become more physically active appear to be needed to complement the underlying environmental and policy changes. Muevete Bogota provides an example of successful implementation of a comprehensive multi-sectoral approach to physical activity promotion in a large metropolitan area. This model may be used as an exemplary effort elsewhere in Latin America and in urban areas in developing countries around the world.
Muévete de la actividad física a través de una red de empresas amigas
Authors: Gámez Rocío , Parra Diana , Pratt Michael , Schmid Thomas L. 
Published: April 2008

n: En 1998, la Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá a través del Instituto Distrital para la Recreación y el Deporte (IDRD), diseñó Muévete Bogotá, un programa de actividad física y salud para la capital de Colombia. Muévete se refiere a moverse o ser activo. Esta campaña de promoción de actividad física fue diseñada para mejorar la salud y la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos de Bogotá a través de la practica regular de actividad física. Muévete Bogotá esta basado en las recomendaciones de los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades de Estados Unidos, y el Colegio Americano de Medicina Deportiva, publicadas en 1996 (Pate el al., 1995). El programa fue desarrollado con la asesoría permanente del programa Agita Sao Paulo de Brasil (Matsudo el al., 2003). Muévete Bogotá comprende una campaña de comunicación masiva con programas de cambio comportamental hacia la adopción de actividad física. Las intervenciones son llevadas a cabo en sitios de trabajo, escuelas, centros de salud y sectores de la comunidad y se basan en las alianzas creadas con los miembros de estos sectores para instaurar programas en cada uno de estos ámbitos y poblaciones. Como muchos otros países en vía de desarrollo, Colombia esta experimentando un incremento en la epidemia de enfermedades crónicas. En 1993, la tasa de mortalidad en Bogotá, debida a enfermedades cardiovasculares era del 35.7% (Espinoza, 1993). Para el 2002 las enfermedades cardiovasculares representaban el 40.3% de la mortalidad para la población mayor de 60 años y el 26.8% para las personas de 45 a 59 años (Cardona, 2002.) A pesar de que Bogotá ha experimentado importantes cambios en su infraestructura física y social durante la última década, que han incrementado posiblemente oportunidades para la actividad física, el sedentarismo continúa siendo un gran problema de salud pública. Programas como Muévete Bogotá que eduquen y motiven a las personas a ser mas activas físicamente, son necesarios para complementar los cambios ambientales y políticos de base. La ciudad de Bogotá y la campaña Múevete Bogotá brindan un ejemplo de la implementación exitosa de un abordaje multi-sectorial comprensivo para la promoción de la actividad física en un área metropolitana extensa, que puede ser útil para guiar los esfuerzos de promoción en salud en Latinoamérica y en áreas urbanas de países en vía de desarrollo al rededor del mundo.
Community health promotion in Pakistan: a policy development perspective
Authors: Ronis K.A. , Nishtar S. 
Published: April 2008

Pakistan was one of the initial signatories to the Alma-Ata Declaration in 1978; however, it was not until 2004 that the first policy dedicated solely to public health and health promotion was launched. The National Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases and Health Promotion in Pakistan has gained a prominent place on the nation's health agenda competing for resources with traditional health policies that focus on treatment, cure and evolving technology. From a health promotion perspective the action plan was unique in that it focused on the community setting through two major behavioral communication change initiatives — one through the media and the other by integrating non-communicable disease prevention into the work plan of the Lady Health Workers. The development phase of this inaugural public health/health promotion policy follows closely the pathway of the Australian Policy Cycle and celebrates a comprehensive consultation process. Its strength comes from the tripartite partnership between the Government, the World Health Organization and a Non-Government Organization, Heartfile who lent impetus to the creation of the initiative. This public-private partnership greatly facilitated the process of policy development and continues to support research, implementation and evaluation. This paper endeavors to analyze the development of the National Action Plan with a focus on community health promotion. ( Promotion & Education, 2007, (2): pp 98-99)
Violence in an urban community: a population-based interview study
Authors: Steen Knut , Hunskaar Steinar 
Published: April 2008

Background: This study aimed to estimate the proportion of an unselected population in an urban community (Bergen, Norway) that was exposed to physical violence during the preceding year, and to determine the proportion seeking medical treatment and pressing legal charges. Method: A structured telephone interview was performed as part of monthly opinion polls. Results: During a one-year period in 1997/1998, 3,005 residents of Bergen were interviewed. Of these, 41 (1.4%) had been exposed to physical violence during the preceding year; 10 (24%) of them had sought medical treatment, and 16 (39%) had pressed legal charges. The majority of the victims had been treated at Bergen Accident and Emergency Department. The interviewees knew about a total of 347 other people who had been assaulted during the preceding year. Of these assault victims, 224 (65%) sought medical treatment and 181 (52%) pressed legal charges, according to the respondents. Conclusion: A high proportion of the assault victims did not seek medical treatment and did not press legal charges.
Social differences in illness and health-related exclusion from the labour market in Denmark from 1987 to 1994
Authors: Lissau Inge , Rasmussen Niels Kristian , Hesse Nina Moss , Hesse Ulrik 
Published: April 2008

Objective: The objectives were first to analyse differences in long-standing illness, limiting long-standing illness, and perceived health as below good in relation to different indicators of social class over time; and secondly to analyse the association of long-standing illness, educational level, age, and gender with employment status. Subjects and methods : Self-reported information on illness, educational level, employment status, and occupational class was obtained in two nationally representative Danish health interview surveys in 1987 (n= 4753) and 1994 (n= 4668). Results: There was a marked increase in long-standing illness from 1987 (33%) to 1994 (38%), especially among women with higher education (13% in 1987 to 26% in 1994). The prevalence of perceived health below good was unchanged (c. 20%) during the same period. Among employed men in 1987 the lowest prevalence of long-standing illness was seen in upper salaried employees (21%) and the highest in skilled workers (35%). In 1994, the difference had diminished and the prevalence rates for the same classes were 28% and 29%, respectively. Among employed women, a similar pattern was seen. The lowest rate in 1987 was seen among self-employed with subordinates (15%) and the highest in self-employed without subordinates (28%). In 1994, the difference was reduced with prevalence rates of 23% and 32%, respectively. In addition, substantial differences in health status between groups with different educational backgrounds were found. The proportion of the population with long-standing illnesses was clearly higher in the group with low education compared with the group with high education. A similar social gradient was found for perceived health as below good. Those with the highest odds ratio of being a disability pensioner are women with long-standing illness, only basic education, and above 55 years of age. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study showed that the prevalence of long-standing illness increased from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, whereas perceived health below good was unchanged. In 1994, there was a remarkable difference in health between employed and non-employed people, indicating a health-related exclusion from the labour market. This may explain why, in 1994, smaller occupational class differences were found in the prevalence of long-standing illness among employed people compared with the findings in 1987, whereas the health differences remained in the different educational groups. Women above 54 years of age with basic education only and long-standing illness have the highest odds ratio of permanent exclusion from the labour market.
Prevention of cardiovascular disease in Sweden: The Norsjö community intervention programme—Motives, methods and intervention components
Authors: Weinehall L. , Hellsten G. , Boman K. , Hallmans G. 
Published: April 2008

Objectives: When epidemiologic data on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates in different Swedish regions were published in the early 1980s, there was great concern about the high CVD incidence in the northernmost counties of Sweden, namely Västerbotten and Norrbotten. This paper describe the development of a Northern Sweden community intervention programme for the prevention of CVD. Methods: As there were no Swedish prototypes, the programme was designed by drawing on experiences from other community interventions. One unique emphasis of the Norsjö intervention programme was to combine a population strategy with efforts to contact each person individually when they became 30, 40, 50, and 60 years of age (the primary care approach). Using the primary care system as part of the community intervention, systematic risk factor screening and counselling by family medicine providers were carried out at the same time as the community intervention programme invoked other efforts to raise public awareness. Results: During the first 10 years of the programme >90% of those invited participated in the individual health screening and counselling. A new food labelling system was introduced in the grocery stores, which after a few years became the official Swedish food labelling system. Sales statistics regarding dairy products showed a significant turnover of low fat products. According to public opinion, the health screening and counselling were reported to be the most infl uential factors supporting lifestyle changes. Conclusions: It was possible in Norsjö to create a local health promotion collaboration between healthcare providers, grocery stores, schools, municipal authorities, and the public in order to develop a Swedish model for community intervention. The different programme components were well received by the public.
Design issues in the combination of international data from two rural community cardiovascular intervention programs
Authors: Nafziger A.N. , Weinehall L. , Lewis C. , Jenkins P.L. , Erb T.A. , Pearson T.A. , Wall S. 
Published: April 2008

Objectives: To compare and contrast two rural cardiovascular community intervention programs (CCIP) in northern Sweden and the US by discussing the methods used to select and combine similar data from two separately designed and implemented CCIP in order to describe and evaluate their effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular risk. Methods: Two rural intervention populations and their reference populations were compared. A comparison was made of the intensity and duration of the intervention programs using an overall intervention intensity score. Population-based surveys were conducted at 5-year intervals in both countries. The methods used for data pooling and comparison are described. A description of statistical analyses using a mixed analysis of variance model is provided. Results: The data were pooled, taking into consideration comparable ages. New variables were created in order to define the relationship between similar data that did not permit direct comparison. Conclusions: Combination and comparison of international data from two programs allowed evaluation of community intervention programs that were developed independently for similar communities. The effectiveness of interventions can be compared using such methods.
The Norsjö-Cooperstown healthy heart project: A case study combining data from different studies without the use of meta-analysis
Authors: Jenkins P.L. , Weinehall L. , Erb T.A. , Lewis C. , Nafziger A.N. , Pearson T.A. , Wall S. 
Published: April 2008

Objectives: This paper aims to develop and describe a method for combining, comparing, and maximizing the statistical power of two longitudinal studies of risk factors for cardiovascular disease that did not have identical data collection methodologies. Methods: Subjects from a 1986 cross-sectional study (n= 180) were pair-matched with subjects of corresponding gender and age (+ 5 years) from a 1990 cross-sectional study. The methodology is described and results are calculated for various measures of cardiovascular risk or risk factors (e.g. cholesterol, Finnish Risk Score). Results: Box's test of equality and symmetry of covariance matrices gave chi-square values of 223.8 and 710.0 for two cardiovascular risk factors (cholesterol and cardiac risk score, respectively); these values were highly significant (p=0.0001). For the North Karelia Risk Score, repeated measures ANOVA revealed a borderline significant interaction for treatment by time (p=0.054) and a significant interaction for treatment by time by country (p=0.035). These probabilities compared favorably with a randomized blocks model. Conclusions: Creation of a synthetic longitudinal control group resulted in a statistically valid ANOVA model that increased the statistical power of the study.
Different outcomes for different interventions with different focus!— A cross-country comparison of community interventions in rural Swedish and US populations
Authors: Weinehall L. , Lewis C. , Nafziger A.N. , Jenkins P.L. , Erb T.A. , Pearson T.A. , Wall S. 
Published: April 2008

Objectives: There is a need among healthcare providers to acquire more knowledge about small-scale and low budget community intervention programmes. This paper compares risk factor outcomes in Swedish and US intervention programmes for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim was to explore how different intervention programme profiles affect outcome. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental design, trends in risk factors and estimated CVD risk in two intervention areas (Norsjö, Sweden and Otsego- Schoharie County, New York state) are compared with those in reference areas (Northern Sweden region and Herkimer County, New York state) using serial cross-sectional studies and panel studies. Results: The programmes were able to achieve significant changes in CVD risk factors that the local communities recognized as major concerns: changing eating habits in the Swedish population and reducing smoking in the US population. For the Swedish cross-sectional follow-up study cholesterol reduction was 12%, compared to 5% in the reference population ( p for trend differences < 0.000) . The significantly higher estimated CVD risk (as assessed by risk scores) at baseline in the intervention population was below that of the Swedish reference population after 5 years of intervention. The Swedish panel study provided the same results. In the US, both the serial cross-sectional and panel studies showed a >10% decline in smoking prevalence in the intervention population, while it increased slightly in the reference population. When pooling the serial cross-sectional studies the estimated risk reduction (using the Framingham risk equation) was significantly greater in the intervention populations compared to the reference populations. Conclusions: The overall pattern of risk reduction is consistent and suggests that the two different models of rural county intervention can contribute to significant risk reduction. The Swedish programme had its greatest effect on reduction of serum cholesterol levels whereas the US programme had its greatest effect on smoking prevention and cessation. These outcomes are consistent with programmatic emphases. Socially less privileged groups in these rural areas benefited as much or more from the interventions as those with greater social resources.
Can a sustainable community intervention reduce the health gap? -10-Year evaluation of a Swedish community intervention program for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Weinehall Lars , Hellsten Gideon , Boman Kurt , Hallmans Göran , Asplund Kjell , Wall Stig 
Published: April 2008

Objectives: This paper evaluates the 10-year outcomes of a Northern Sweden community intervention program for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with special reference to the social patterning of risk development. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental design, trends in risk factors and predicted mortality in an intervention area (Norsjö municipality) are compared with those in a reference area (Northern Sweden region) by repeated independent cross-sectional surveys. Results: There were significant differences in changes in total cholesterol level and systolic blood pressure between the intervention and reference populations. The predicted coronary heart disease mortality (based on the North Karelia risk equation), after adjustment for age and education, was reduced by 36% in the interventionarea and by 1 % in the reference area. Conclusions: We conclude that a long-term community-based CVD prevention program which combines population and individual strategies can substantially promote a health shift in CVD risk in a high risk rural population. When evaluated for different social strata, we found no signs of an increasing health gap between socially privileged and less privileged groups. Socially less-privileged groups benefited the most from the present prevention program.
Tackling social inequality through the development of health policy in Lithuania
Authors: Grabauskas Vilius , Kalediene Ramune 
Published: April 2008

Aims: The major aim of this study was to assess existing inequalities in health of Lithuanian population and to present the process of health policy development as a major tool for reducing inequalities. The objectives were: to present life expectancy and mortality trend analysis in comparison with other European countries; to demonstrate risk profi le of Lithuanian population to major noncommunicable diseases related to social inequalities and inequities in health; and to present the process of National health policy development as potential for effective reduction of inequalities in health of Lithuanian population. Methods: Information about demographic, general health situation and inequalities in health was obtained from Lithuanian Department of Statistics, National Health Information Centre and research studies performed at Kaunas University of Medicine. Results: Considerable demographic, social and territorial inequalities in health were disclosed in Lithuania. Large proportion of them might be related to social inequalities in the society. Substantial improvements in health status of Lithuanian population could be expected if due attention was paid to social determinants of health. Conclusion: Implementation of balanced national health policy involving all sectors of the society is the solution.
Prevalent knee pain and sport
Authors: Hahn T. , Foldspang A. 
Published: April 2008

Study objective: To estimate the prevalence of knee pain in active athletes and to investigate potential associations to type, amount and duration of sports participation. Measurements: 339 athletes gave information about occupation, sports activity and different features of knee pain, based on a selffilled questionnaire. Main results: The prevalence of knee pain within the preceding 12 months, constant or recurrent knee pain, absence from sport and absence from work due to knee pain, was 54%, 34%, 19% and 4%, respectively. Knee pain was positively associated with years of jogging and with weekly hours of participation in competitive gymnastics but negatively with weekly hours of tennis. Constant or recurrent knee pain was positively associated with years of swimming. Absence from sport due to knee pain was positively associated with weekly hours of soccer participation. Conclusions: Knee pain is a common symptom in athletes. The prevalence is associated with the type, amount and duration of sports participation.
Sickness absence: a review of performed studies with focused on levels of exposures and theories utilized
Authors: Alexanderson Kristina 
Published: April 2008

Background: Despite the major impact sickness absence has on society, companies and individuals, surprisingly little scientific knowledge has been accumulated, and the studies that have been performed vary greatly. Aim and method: Examination of about 320 studies of sickness absence regarding structural levels of exposures studied and theories utilized. Results: Theories concerning sickness absence were found to vary greatly. Along with exposures and factors explaining sickness absence these theories were categorized with respect to different structural levels, i.e. they were deemed national, occupational, or individual. A classification of different types of absences is presented. Conclusion: Although most of the reviewed studies were performed within the realm of medicine, only a few of the investigators used medical explanatory models or even considered the health status of individuals. Moreover, it is known that factors at ``higher'' structural levels have a substantial effect on sickness absence, but these were seldom taken into account, or even mentioned, in the reports scrutinized.