bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On correlation functions of higher-spin currents in arbitrary dimensions d > 3
Authors: Karapetyan Melik , Manvelyan Ruben , Mkrtchyan Karapet 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We revisit the problem of classification and explicit construction of the conformal three-point correlation functions of currents of arbitrary integer spin in arbitrary dimensions. For the conserved currents, we set up the equations for the conservation conditions and solve them completely for some values of spins, confirming the earlier counting of the number of independent structures matching them with the higher-spin cubic vertices in one higher dimension. The general solution for the correlators of conserved currents we delegate to a follow-up work.
Noninvertible symmetries and anomalies from gauging 1-form electric centers
Authors: Anber Mohamed M. , Chan Samson Y. L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We devise a general method for obtaining 0-form noninvertible discrete chiral symmetries in 4-dimensional SU(N)/ℤp and SU(N) × U(1)/ℤp gauge theories with matter in arbitrary representations, where ℤp is a subgroup of the electric 1-form center symmetry. Our approach involves placing the theory on a three-torus and utilizing the Hamiltonian formalism to construct noninvertible operators by introducing twists compatible with the gauging of ℤp. These theories exhibit electric 1-form and magnetic 1-form global symmetries, and their generators play a crucial role in constructing the corresponding Hilbert space. The noninvertible operators are demonstrated to project onto specific Hilbert space sectors characterized by particular magnetic fluxes. Furthermore, when subjected to twists by the electric 1-form global symmetry, these surviving sectors reveal an anomaly between the noninvertible and the 1-form symmetries. We argue that an anomaly implies that certain sectors, characterized by the eigenvalues of the electric symmetry generators, exhibit multi-fold degeneracies. When we couple these theories to axions, infrared axionic noninvertible operators inherit the ultraviolet structure of the theory, including the projective nature of the operators and their anomalies. We discuss various examples of vector and chiral gauge theories that showcase the versatility of our approach.
Generalized Freudenthal duality for rotating extremal black holes
Authors: Chattopadhyay Arghya , Mandal Taniya , Marrani Alessio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Freudenthal duality (FD) is a non-linear symmetry of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of extremal dyonic black holes (BHs) in Maxwell-Einstein-scalar theories in four space-time dimensions realized as an anti-involutive map in the symplectic space of electric-magnetic BH charges. In this paper, we generalize FD to the class of rotating (stationary) extremal BHs, both in the under- and over-rotating regime, defining a (generalized) rotating FD (generally, non-anti-involutive) map (RFD), which also acts on the BH angular momentum. We prove that the RFD map is unique, and we compute the explicit expression of its non-linear action on the angular momentum itself. Interestingly, in the non-rotating limit, RFD bifurcates into the usual, non-rotating FD branch and into a spurious branch, named “golden” branch, mapping a non-rotating (static) extremal BH to an under-rotating (stationary) extremal BH, in which the ratio between the angular momentum and the non-rotating entropy is the square root of the golden ratio. Finally, we investigate the possibility of inducing transitions between the under- and over- rotating regimes by means of RFD, obtaining a no-go result.
Hadronic vacuum polarization in the muon g − 2: the short-distance contribution from lattice QCD
Authors: Kuberski Simon , Cè Marco , von Hippel Georg , Meyer Harvey B. , Ottnad Konstantin , Risch Andreas , Wittig Hartmut 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present results for the short-distance window observable of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon g – 2, computed via the time-momentum representation (TMR) in lattice QCD. A key novelty of our calculation is the reduction of discretization effects by a suitable subtraction applied to the TMR kernel function, which cancels the leading $${x}_{0}^{4}$$-behaviour at short distances. To compensate for the subtraction, one must substitute a term that can be reliably computed in perturbative QCD. We apply this strategy to our data for the vector current collected on ensembles generated with 2 + 1 flavours of O(a)-improved Wilson quarks at six values of the lattice spacing and pion masses in the range 130 – 420 MeV. Our estimate at the physical point contains a full error budget and reads $${\left({a}_{\mu }^{{\text{hvp}}}\right)}^{{\text{SD}}}$$ = 68.85(14)stat (42)syst·10−10, which corresponds to a relative precision of 0.7%. We discuss the implications of our result for the observed tensions between lattice and data-driven evaluations of the hadronic vacuum polarization.
Non-Abelian currents bootstrap
Authors: He Yin-Chen , Rong Junchen , Su Ning , Vichi Alessandro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We initiate the study of correlation functions of non-Abelian spin-1 conserved current in three-dimensional conformal field theories using numerical conformal bootstrap. We discuss the general framework and apply it to the particular cases of SU(N) and O(N) global symmetry. In both cases, we obtain general bounds on operator dimensions. In the large-N limit our bounds show features in correspondence of the expected position of fermionic QED3 in three dimensions, as well as other interesting theories. By imposing gaps inspired by the spectrum of QED3 at large-N, we manage to restrict the plane of certain operator dimensions to a small island, where QED3 must live.
On the quantum Bousso bound in JT gravity
Authors: Franken Victor , Rondeau François 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We prove the Strominger-Thompson quantum Bousso bound in the infinite class of conformal vacua in semiclassical JT gravity, with postive or negative cosmological constant. The Bousso-Fisher-Leichenauer-Wall quantum Bousso bound follows from an analogous derivation, requiring only initial quantum non-expansion. In this process, we show that the quantity $$2\pi {k}^{\mu }{k}^{\nu }\langle :{T}_{\mu \nu }:\rangle -{S}^{{\prime}{\prime}}-\frac{6}{c}{\left({S}{\prime}\right)}^{2}$$ vanishes in any vacuum state, entailing a stronger version of Wall’s quantum null energy condition. We derive an entropy formula in the presence of a generic class of two reflecting boundaries, in order to apply our argument to the half reduction model of de Sitter JT gravity.
Peripheral T-cell responses of EphB2- and EphB3-deficient mice in a model of collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: Montero-Herradón Sara , García-Ceca Javier , Villarejo-Torres Marta , Zapata Agustín G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBoth EphB2- and EphB3-deficient mice exhibit profound histological alterations in the thymic epithelial network but few changes in T-cell differentiation, suggesting that this organization would be sufficient to produce functional T lymphocytes. Also, other antigen-presenting cells involved in immunological education could substitute the thymic epithelium. Accordingly, we found an increased frequency of plasmacytoid dendritic cells but not of conventional dendritic cells, medullary fibroblasts or intrathymic B lymphocytes. In addition, there are no lymphoid infiltrates in the organs of mutant mice nor do they contain circulating autoantibodies. Furthermore, attempts to induce arthritic lesions after chicken type II collagen administration fail totally in EphB2-deficient mice whereas all WT and half of the immunized EphB3−/− mice develop a typical collagen-induced arthritis. Our results point out that Th17 cells, IL4-producing Th2 cells and regulatory T cells are key for the induction of disease, but mutant mice appear to have deficits in T cell activation or cell migration properties. EphB2−/− T cells show reduced in vitro proliferative responses to anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies, produce low levels of anti-type II collagen antibodies, and exhibit low proportions of T follicular helper cells. On the contrary, EphB3−/− lymph node cells respond accurately to the different immune stimuli although in lower levels than WT cells but show a significantly reduced migration in in vitro transwell assays, suggesting that no sufficient type II collagen-dependent activated lymphoid cells reached the joints, resulting in reduced arthritic lesions.
Markov decision processes with risk-sensitive criteria: an overview
Authors: Bäuerle Nicole , Jaśkiewicz Anna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe paper provides an overview of the theory and applications of risk-sensitive Markov decision processes. The term ’risk-sensitive’ refers here to the use of the Optimized Certainty Equivalent as a means to measure expectation and risk. This comprises the well-known entropic risk measure and Conditional Value-at-Risk. We restrict our considerations to stationary problems with an infinite time horizon. Conditions are given under which optimal policies exist and solution procedures are explained. We present both the theory when the Optimized Certainty Equivalent is applied recursively as well as the case where it is applied to the cumulated reward. Discounted as well as non-discounted models are reviewed.
Zacopride stimulates 5-HT4 serotonin receptors in the human atrium
Authors: Neumann Joachim , Hesse Christin , Hofmann Britt , Gergs Ulrich 
Published: April 2024

AbstractZacopride (4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-(quinuclidin-3-yl)-benzamide) is a potent agonist in human 5-HT4 serotonin receptors in vitro and in the gastrointestinal tract. Zacopride was studied as an antiemetic drug and was intended to treat gastric diseases. Zacopride has been speculated to be useful as an antiarrhythmic agent in the human ventricle by inhibiting cardiac potassium channels. It is unknown whether zacopride is an agonist in human cardiac 5-HT4 serotonin receptors. We tested the hypothesis that zacopride stimulates human cardiac atrial 5-HT4 serotonin receptors. Zacopride increased the force of contraction and beating rate in isolated atrial preparations from mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of human 5-HT4 serotonin receptors (5-HT4-TG). However, it was inactive in wild-type mouse hearts (WT). Zacopride was as effective as serotonin in raising the force of contraction and beating rate in atrial preparations of 5-HT4-TG. Zacopride raised the force of contraction in human right atrial preparations (HAP) in the absence and presence of the phosphodiesterase III inhibitor cilostamide (1 µM). The positive inotropic effect of zacopride in HAP was attenuated by either 10 µM tropisetron or 1 µM GR125487, both of which are antagonists at 5-HT4 serotonin receptors. These data suggest that zacopride is also an agonist at 5-HT4 serotonin receptors in the human atrium.
An iterative method for the solution of Laplace-like equations in high and very high space dimensions
Authors: Yserentant Harry 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper deals with the equation $$-\varDelta u+\mu u=f$$

-
Δ
u
+
μ
u
=
f

on high-dimensional spaces $${\mathbb {R}}^m$$

R

m

, where the right-hand side $$f(x)=F(Tx)$$

f
(
x
)
=
F
(
T
x
)

is composed of a separable function F with an integrable Fourier transform on a space of a dimension $$n>m$$

n
>
m

and a linear mapping given by a matrix T of full rank and $$\mu \ge 0$$

μ
≥
0

is a constant. For example, the right-hand side can explicitly depend on differences $$x_i-x_j$$

x
i

-

x
j

of components of x. Following our publication (Yserentant in Numer Math 146:219–238, 2020), we show that the solution of this equation can be expanded into sums of functions of the same structure and develop in this framework an equally simple and fast iterative method for its computation. The method is based on the observation that in almost all cases and for large problem classes the expression $$\Vert T^ty\Vert ^2$$

‖

T
t

y
‖

2

deviates on the unit sphere $$\Vert y\Vert =1$$

‖
y
‖
=
1

the less from its mean value the higher the dimension m is, a concentration of measure effect. The higher the dimension m, the faster the iteration converges.
Mutation breeding of high-stress resistant strains for succinic acid production from corn straw
Authors: Wu Jing , Li Yilian , Yin Jinbao , Wang Chen , Qi Xuejin , Zhou Yujie , Liu Hongjuan , Wu Pengfei , Zhang Jianan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The production of succinic acid from corn stover is a promising and sustainable route; however, during the pretreatment stage, byproducts such as organic acids, furan-based compounds, and phenolic compounds generated from corn stover inhibit the microbial fermentation process. Selecting strains that are resistant to stress and utilizing nondetoxified corn stover hydrolysate as a feedstock for succinic acid production could be effective. In this study, A. succinogenes CICC11014 was selected as the original strain, and the stress-resistant strain A. succinogenes M4 was obtained by atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis and further screening. Compared to the original strain, A. succinogenes M4 exhibited a twofold increase in stress resistance and a 113% increase in succinic acid production when hydrolysate was used as the substrate. By conducting whole-genome resequencing of A. succinogenes M4 and comparing it with the original strain, four nonsynonymous gene mutations and two upstream regions with base losses were identified.

Key points
• A high-stress-resistant strain A. succinogenes M4 was obtained by ARTP mutation
• The production of succinic acid increased by 113%
• The mutated genes of A. succinogenes M4 were detected and analyzed

Graphical Abstract
Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Added to Six Specific Amino Acids in the Treatment of Striae Alba (SA): An Observational Study
Authors: Fasola Elena , Nobile Vincenzo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Striae distensae or stretch marks are a common complaint among women and can be distressing. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of a mixture of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid and six amino acids when applied with a specific intradermal injection technique known as intra-mural fluid technique. A clinical study was carried out in 32 patients (with a dropout rate by 9.4%) with striae distensae alba (SA) in one or more of the following anatomical areas: breast, abdomen, inner thigh, trochanteric area, gluteal area, posterior supra-iliac area, and lumbar area. Product efficacy was assessed by the investigator using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, while a Likert scale was used to evaluate to score the treatment tolerability and a QoL stretch marks questionnaire was used to investigate the patients’ self-body image. The treatment was effective in improving the appearance of SA fifteen days after the second treatment and 6 months after the first treatment (and after a total of 4 treatments). The product efficacy and tolerability were also perceived by the patients during each treatment session. Our results suggest that the test treatment is a valid treatment option to decrease the appearance of SA.

Level of Evidence IV
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Lettuce evapotranspiration and crop coefficients using eddy covariance and remote sensing observations
Authors: French Andrew N. , Sanchez Charles A. , Hunsaker Douglas J. , Anderson Ray G. , Saber Mazin N. , Wisniewski Elzbieta H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a high-value crop for irrigation districts in the low deserts of the USA Southwest. To ensure maximal crop quality, negligible soil salinity stress, minimal nutrient loss and reduced pathogen susceptibility, lettuce irrigation must meet, but not exceed, crop water use requirements. However, lettuce crop water use information is outdated in this region: prior studies were conducted at least four decades ago (1960–1980) and do not represent current varieties, management practices, and climate. To address this shortcoming, 12 commercial sites in Yuma, Arizona, USA were evaluated between 2016 and 2020 to update lettuce water use requirements and crop coefficients. The study measured crop evapotranspiration (ETc) using eddy covariance observations at eight iceberg and four romaine sites, where planting dates varied throughout the fall. Observed ETc and remote sensing data were used to model the daily soil water balance and derive crop coefficients: single (Kc), basal (Kcb), and soil evaporation (Ke). The analysis was supported by lettuce crop height estimates and fractional vegetative cover (fc) via remote sensing. Days to maturity averaged 75 ± 15 and 89 ± 12 days for romaine and iceberg, respectively, where season lengths increased as planting dates progressed from early fall to late winter. Average planting date for romaine sites was about 20 days earlier than average iceberg sites. When growing intervals are cast in heat units, dependence on crop type and time of planting was reduced. Average cumulative growing-degree-day and enhanced-degree-day metrics were 1133 ± 87 and 754 ± 48 °C-days, respectively. Seasonal lettuce ETc averaged 278 ± 24 mm. Cumulative irrigation applied, plus precipitation, averaged 355 ± 88 mm. Lettuce Kc for sites varied from 0.90 ± 0.13 to 1.19 ± 0.11 and Kcb from 0.20 ± 0.05 to 1.01 ± 0.11 for the initial and mid-season growth stages, respectively. These updates will help growers improve their irrigation efficiency for lettuce and provide important documentation needed by water managers.
Prediction of Oral Intake at Discharge with Early Assessment of Swallowing Function within 24 h after Admission: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Matsuura Daisuke , Otaka Yohei , Asaumi Saki , Itano Tomomi , Chikamoto Tetsushi , Yamori Shigeru , Murakami Yusuke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDysphagia is one of the most common symptoms of stroke and can lead to other complications such as pneumonia, dehydration, and malnutrition. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the predictive value of a comprehensive swallowing assessment tool, the Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA), in the acute phase of stroke for oral intake status at discharge. Among 1,133 consecutive patients with acute stroke, 512 patients whose swallowing function was assessed using the MASA within 24 h of admission were included. Data including demographic information, stroke severity, MASA, Oral Health Assessment Tool, body mass index, and serum albumin level were collected. Predictive factors for oral intake were analyzed using a multiple logistic regression model, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the cutoff values of the MASA score for determining oral intake at discharge. Oral intake at discharge was established in 69.1% of the cohort (354/512). The multiple logistic regression analysis identified a higher MASA score, younger age, and higher serum albumin level as significant predictors of oral intake at discharge. The cutoff value of the MASA score for oral intake was 136.5 points, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.87. These findings suggest that the MASA is a valid tool for predicting oral intake in patients with dysphagia during the acute phase of stroke.
Variational three-field reduced order modeling for nearly incompressible materials
Authors: Shamim Muhammad Babar , Wulfinghoff Stephan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study presents an innovative approach for developing a reduced-order model (ROM) tailored specifically for nearly incompressible materials at large deformations. The formulation relies on a three-field variational approach to capture the behavior of these materials. To construct the ROM, the full-scale model is initially solved using the finite element method (FEM), with snapshots of the displacement field being recorded and organized into a snapshot matrix. Subsequently, proper orthogonal decomposition is employed to extract dominant modes, forming a reduced basis for the ROM. Furthermore, we efficiently address the pressure and volumetric deformation fields by employing the k-means algorithm for clustering. A well-known three-field variational principle allows us to incorporate the clustered field variables into the ROM. To assess the performance of our proposed ROM, we conduct a comprehensive comparison of the ROM with and without clustering with the FEM solution. The results highlight the superiority of the ROM with pressure clustering, particularly when considering a limited number of modes, typically fewer than 10 displacement modes. Our findings are validated through two standard examples: one involving a block under compression and another featuring Cook’s membrane. In both cases, we achieve substantial improvements based on the three-field mixed approach. These compelling results underscore the effectiveness of our ROM approach, which accurately captures nearly incompressible material behavior while significantly reducing computational expenses.
Design of a detachable bronchoscope for endotracheal intubation
Authors: Kohanfars Matthew , Laha Avinash , Li Yu M. , Morris Karcher , Ahadian Farshad , Talke Frank E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA novel detachable bronchoscope with a 3D printed micro-transmission is investigated. The micro-transmission controls the motion of the tip of the bronchoscope and is embedded in one end of the flexible insertion section of the bronchoscope. The micro-transmission allows manipulation of the distal end through the translation of guide nuts that are connected to the tip of the bronchoscope through so-called “angulation” wires. The displacement of the guide nuts on the left and right-handed screw sections and the control of the distal end of the bronchoscope are investigated. The maximum tensile force on the angulation wire before failure is determined experimentally for different screw pitches.
Association of visceral adipose tissue with albuminuria and interaction between visceral adiposity and diabetes on albuminuria
Authors: Liu Yufang , Zhao Dan , Chai Sanbao , Zhang Xiaomei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aims
To explore the correlation between visceral adipose tissue and albuminuria, and whether there is interaction between visceral adipose tissue and diabetes on albuminuria.

Methods
The study subjects were adult subjects (age ≥ 18 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) database of the USA in 2017–2018. Visceral fat area (VFA) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Subjects were divided into three groups according to VFA: low (VFA 0–60cm2), medium (VFA 60–120 cm2) and high (VFA ≥ 120 cm2). Albuminuria was defined as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g. The statistical analysis software used is STATA 17.0.

Results
Data pertaining to 2965 participants (2706 without albuminuria) were included in the analysis. High VFA is an independent risk factor for albuminuria (OR 1.367, 95% CI 1.023–1.827). In the low-VFA group, there is no significant association between diabetes and albuminuria (OR 1.415, 95% CI 0.145–13.849). In the medium-VFA group, diabetes is an independent risk factor for albuminuria (OR 2.217, 95% CI 1.095–4.488). In the high-VFA group, diabetes is also an independent risk factor for albuminuria (OR 5.150, 95% CI 3.150–8.421). There is an additive interaction between high VFA (VFA ≥ 120 cm2) and diabetes on the effect of albuminuria (RERI 3.757, 95% CI 0.927–6.587, p = 0.009), while no multiplication interaction (OR 1.881, 95% CI 0.997–1.023, p = 0.141).

Conclusions
High VFA may represent an independent risk factor for albuminuria. The amount of visceral fat may affect the effect of diabetes on albuminuria. The higher the visceral fat, the stronger the correlation between diabetes and albuminuria should be present. We suppose an additive interaction between VFA and diabetes on the effect of albuminuria.