bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomically Monodispersed and Fluorescent Sub‐Nanometer Gold Clusters Created by Biomolecule‐Assisted Etching of Nanometer‐Sized Gold Particles and Rods
Authors: Zhou Renjia , Shi Minmin , Chen Xiaoqiang , Wang Mang , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFrom nanocrystals to atomic clusters: Fluorescent gold clusters (Au8) are synthesized by etching gold nanocrystals with the assistance of biomolecules, such as amino acids, peptides, proteins, and DNA (see picture). The gold clusters exhibit strong blue fluorescence as well as solvent‐dependent emission properties when dissolved in various organic solvents. They show potential applications in biological labeling and photoluminescence‐based sensors.magnified imageAtomically monodispersed gold clusters were synthesized by etching gold nanocrystals (particles and rods) with the assistance of biomolecules (amino acids, peptides, proteins, and DNA) under sonication in water. The resulting gold clusters were exclusively composed of eight atoms, as demonstrated by photoluminescence, optical absorption, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy measurements. The gold clusters exhibited solvent‐dependent photoluminescence properties when exposed to organic solvents, such as chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, or N,N‐dimethylformamide, which was attributed to the rich surface properties of the clusters. This strategy, based on top‐down etching, offers an approach to create metal clusters from nanomaterials, which show great potential applications in biological labeling/imaging and sensors that utilize photoluminescence properties as the response.
Unprecedented Sulfone‐Functionalized Metal–Organic Frameworks and Gas‐Sorption Properties
Authors: Neofotistou Eleftheria , D. Malliakas Christos , N. Trikalitis Pantelis 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGas storage: A new, sulfone‐functionalized dicarboxylate‐based ligand (see figure) is capable of directing the formation of novel metal–organic frameworks with unprecedented organic and inorganic secondary building units. A high CO2 uptake with remarkable selectivity over CH4, N2, and H2 was observed at near‐ambient temperature.magnified image
Effect of the tube shape on gas and particle flow in spouted beds with a porous draft tube
Authors: Nagashima Hiroshi , Ishikura Toshifumi , Ide Mitsuharu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFlow characteristics of a spouted bed with a porous draft tube have been investigated experimentally. In this study, both a cylindrical tube and a conical–cylindrical tube were used as the draft tube. As a result, the efficiency of gas–solid contact and solids circulation rate in the bed were considerably improved by inserting a conical–cylindrical porous draft tube into the bed. Moreover, it was confirmed that the gas flow rate through the annulus reached nearly the level of a conventional spouted bed by using conical–cylindrical porous draft tube.
Simulation of coal gasification in a pressurized spout‐fluid bed gasifier
Authors: Li Qianjun , Zhang Mingyao , Zhong Wenqi , Wang Xiaofang , Xiao Rui , Jin Baosheng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBased on an Eulerian–Eulerian method, a three‐dimensional kinetic model involving mass transfer, momentum transfer, heat transfer, and chemical reaction is developed to simulate the process of coal gasification in a 2 MWth pressurized spout‐fluid bed of 450 mm in diameter with bed pressure up to 0.5 MPa. The effects of operating pressure and bed temperature on coal gasification are investigated. The high operating pressure is beneficial to coal gasification due to the fact that the fluidization in the reactor becomes better. On one hand, a higher bed temperature can accelerate the rate of reaction. On the other hand, more air will be taken in the gasifier to keep the higher bed temperature which will consume part of combustible gases produced by coal pyrolysis or gasification. Experimental verification was carried out in a 2 MWth thermal input pressurized spout‐fluid bed under the same operating condition. The comparison of calculation results with experimental results shows that most of the calculation errors are within the range of 15%.
Mass transfer during air humidification in spouted beds
Authors: Kmiec Andrzej , Englart Sebastian , Ludwinska Agnieszka 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis article presents the results obtained from analysing the impacts of bed media, static bed height, and the water‐to‐air mass flow ratios on the mass transfer coefficient and Colburn factor. The experimental data were compared with the correlations for mass transfer and the analogy between heat and mass transfer in conical spouted beds described earlier in literature. Moreover, the aim of the article is to present some new correlations of dimensionless groups for description of mass transfer and analogy of heat and mass transfer in sprayed spouted beds, which were developed by the authors.
Analysis on chaotic nature of a pressurized spout‐fluid bed by information theory based Shannon entropy
Authors: Zhong Wenqi , Wang Xiaofang , Li Qianjun , Jin Baosheng , Zhang Mingyao , Xiao Rui , Huang Yaji 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPressure fluctuation measurements were conducted in a pressurized spout‐fluid bed of 100 mm in diameter with bed pressure up to 0.4 MPa. Information theory based Shannon entropy analysis of pressure fluctuation was developed to recognize chaotic nature of gas–solid flows. It was found that both Shannon entropy and Shannon entropy increment rate were pronounced with the flow patterns and transitions. Moreover, Shannon entropy increment rate could describe the change of chaotic nature with operating conditions. Increasing chaotic nature was observed with increasing fluidizing gas flow rate. When elevating bed pressure, stable flow regions became large and the chaotic nature was weakened.
Multiobjective differential evolution for scheduling workflow applications on global Grids
Authors: Talukder A. K. M. Khaled Ahsan , Kirley Michael , Buyya Rajkumar 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMost algorithms developed for scheduling applications on global Grids focus on a single Quality of Service (QoS) parameter such as execution time, cost or total data transmission time. However, if we consider more than one QoS parameter (e.g. execution cost and time, which may be in conflict) then the problem becomes more challenging. To handle such scenarios, it is convenient to use heuristics rather than a deterministic algorithm. In this paper, we have proposed a workflow execution planning approach using Multiobjective Differential Evolution (MODE). Our goal was to generate a set of trade‐off schedules according to two user specified QoS requirements (time and cost), which will offer more flexibility to users when estimating their QoS requirements. We have compared our results with a well‐known baseline algorithm ‘Pareto‐archived Evolutionary Strategy (PAES)’. Simulation results show that the modified MODE is able to find significantly better spread of compromise solutions compared with that of PAES. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Excited‐State Lifetimes in a G⋅C DNA Duplex are Nearly Independent of Helix Conformation and Base‐Pairing Motif
Authors: de La Harpe Kimberly , Crespo‐Hernández Carlos E. , Kohler Bern 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDNA photophysics: Femtosecond transient absorption experiments reveal that excited states produced by UV light in a duplex DNA oligonucleotide decay at essentially the same rate in B and Z helix conformers (see figure).magnified image
Deletion of Pax7 changes the tunica muscularis of the mouse esophagus from an entirely striated into a mixed phenotype
Authors: Wörl Jürgen , Breuer Christian , Neuhuber Winfried L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe mechanisms responsible for the different amounts of striated muscle in mammalian esophagi are still enigmatic. A recent ultrastructural analysis in mouse esophagus pointed to a particular role of satellite cells during postnatal growth of striated muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate satellite cell development and the influence of Pax7 on this process. Developing and adult esophagi of wild‐type and mice carrying a targeted mutation in Pax7 were analyzed by electron microscopy. We found a gene dose‐dependent delayed development of striated muscle and a severe loss of satellite cells in Pax7+/− and Pax7−/− esophagi. In contrast to the entirely striated wild‐type esophagus, Pax7−/− mutants developed a mixed phenotype with predominantly smooth muscle caudally. We conclude that Pax7‐dependent myogenic progenitor cells are of prime importance for striated muscle formation and the degree of smooth‐to‐striated muscle conversion during esophageal ontogeny. Developmental Dynamics 238:864–874, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A thirteen‐year follow‐up study of young Norwegian adults with dyslexia in childhood: reading development and educational levels
Authors: Undheim Anne Mari 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAs part of a larger follow‐up study, 75 students were diagnosed with dyslexia at 10 years of age. At the end of secondary school, grades for the whole cohort of 16‐year olds were examined. At age 23 the whole study group responded to a questionnaire and the subgroup with dyslexia who responded to this questionnaire were invited to come for testing and interviews. The persistence of dyslexia into young adulthood and educational levels were examined. The results showed that almost all students still suffered dyslexia and showed lower decoding ability. However, they only showed slightly lower educational attainment levels compared with a representative sample of half the cohort (n=530) they were part of. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly (IQCODE) is associated with informant stress
Authors: Nygaard Harald A. , Naik Mala , Geitung Jonn T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo study the association between informant stress and appraisal of patients' cognitive functioning as reported by the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly—IQCODE.MethodsRoutinely collected data from a geriatric outpatient department (207 dyads) during the years 1995–1998 were analysed. Relative stress scale (RSS) has been categorised for possible low, intermediate and high risk of psychiatric morbidity and caregivers were combined to four groups (female and male spouses and female and male non‐spouses, respectively). The relationship between IQCODE (dependent) and categorised RSS and informant groups and patient age was further studied by means of the general linear model (GLM—UNIANOVA).ResultsIn general, spouses reported better cognitive functioning than non‐spouses. There was a significant association between IQCODE and RSS (p < 0.001), and the composite variable informant group and informant gender (p < 0.001). The main effect of the interaction term RSS × informant group + informant gender was not significant. Post hoc test, however, revealed a significant effect of the interaction term RSS × female spouses (p < 0.001) on IQCODE.ConclusionIQCODE is associated with informant stress. Categorisation of RSS score into groups of low, intermediate and high risk for psychiatric morbidity can be a valuable contribution to a more meaningful application of RSS in general practice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does social capital determine health? Evidence from eight transition countries
Authors: d'Hombres B. , Rocco L. , Suhrcke M. , McKee M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThere is growing interest in the role of social relationships in explaining patterns of health. We contribute to this debate by investigating the impact of social capital on self‐reported health for eight countries from the Commonwealth of Independent States. We rely on three indicators of social capital at the individual level (trust, participation in local organisations, social isolation) and employ alternative procedures to estimate consistently the impact of social capital on health. The three social capital indicators are choice variables and are hence, by definition, endogenously determined. We attempt to circumvent the endogeneity problems by using instrumental variable estimates. Our results show that the individual degree of trust is positively and significantly correlated with health, this being true with least squares estimators as well as when relying on instrumental variable estimators with (and without) community fixed effects. Similarly, social isolation is negatively and significantly associated with health, irrespective of the procedure of estimation. On the other hand, the effect of being a member of a Putnamesque organisation is more ambiguous and usually not significantly related to health. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and characterization of a novel germline p53 mutation in a patient with glioblastoma and colon cancer
Authors: Yamada Hidetaka , Shinmura Kazuya , Yamamura Yasuhiro , Kurachi Kiyotaka , Nakamura Toshio , Tsuneyoshi Toshihiro , Yokota Naoki , Maekawa Masato , Sugimura Haruhiko 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGermline mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene have been identified in patients with Li‐Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) and patients with Li‐Fraumeni‐like syndrome (LFL). However, to date, germline p53 mutations in patients not fulfilling the criteria of LFS or LFL have been reported only very rarely. In our study, a novel germline c.584T>C (p.Ile195Thr) mutation of the p53 gene was found in a 21–year‐old male with a glioblastoma and colon cancer. He had no family history of cancer within second‐degree relatives, and loss of the wild‐type p53 allele and overexpression of p53 protein were observed in both tumors. Functional analyses revealed transactivation and growth suppressive function activities of the Thr195‐type p53 to be impaired. These results suggest germline p53 mutations to possibly be responsible for a subset of young adult patient with multiple malignant tumors, even those not meeting the clinical criteria for LFS or LFL. © 2009 UICC
Laryngeal cancer risk associated with smoking and alcohol consumption is modified by genetic polymorphisms in ERCC5, ERCC6 and RAD23B but not by polymorphisms in five other nucleotide excision repair genes
Authors: Abbasi Rashda , Ramroth Heribert , Becher Heiko , Dietz Andreas , Schmezer Peter , Popanda Odilia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLaryngeal cancer is known to be associated with smoking and high alcohol consumption. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) plays a key role in repairing DNA damage induced by these exposures and might affect laryngeal cancer susceptibility. In a population‐based case‐control study including 248 cases and 647 controls, the association of laryngeal cancer with 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 8 NER genes (XPC, XPA, ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC4, ERCC5, ERCC6 and RAD23B) was analyzed with respect to smoking and alcohol exposure. For genotyping, sequence specific hybridization probes were used. Data were evaluated by conditional logistic regression analysis, stratified for age and gender, and adjusted for smoking, alcohol consumption and education. Pro‐carriers of ERCC6 Arg1230Pro showed a decreased risk for laryngeal cancer (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.34–0.85), strongest in heavy smokers and high alcohol consumers. ERCC5 Asp1104His was associated with risk in heavy smokers (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.1–2.5). Val‐carriers of RAD23B Ala249Val had an increased cancer risk in heavy smokers (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.5) and high alcohol consumers (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.4). The combined effect of smoking and alcohol intake affected risk, at high exposure level, for ERCC6 1230Pro carriers (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.22–0.98) and RAD23B 249Val carriers (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.3–4.9). When tested for gene–gene interaction, presence of 3 risk alleles in the XPC‐RAD23B complex increased the risk 2.1‐fold. SNPs in the other genes did not show a significant association with laryngeal cancer risk. We conclude that common genetic variations in NER genes can significantly modify laryngeal cancer risk. © 2009 UICC
Developmental history of care and control, depression and anger: Correlates of maternal sensitivity in toddlerhood
Authors: Burrous C. Emma , Crockenberg Susan C. , Leerkes Esther M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study examined maternal sensitivity in response to toddler distress in relation to mothers' childhood care and control experiences with parents, maternal depression, and maternal anger. Fifty‐two mothers and infants participated. Mothers reported childhood care and control experiences prenatally. At 2½ years, mothers reported depressive symptoms and anger on questionnaires, and reported maternal behavior in a daily diary for 1 week, yielding ratings of maternal sensitivity to fear and anger. Results were as follows: (a) Mothers' acceptance during childhood correlated negatively with both maternal depression and maternal anger, and positively with maternal sensitivity to fear at 2½ years; (b) maternal anger mediated the association between childhood care and maternal sensitivity to fear at 2½ years; and (c) the interaction of maternal and paternal control during childhood predicted maternal sensitivity to anger at 2½ years, controlling for maternal education. When maternal control was low, paternal control was positively associated with maternal sensitivity to anger whereas when maternal control was high, paternal control was negatively associated with maternal sensitivity to anger. Results are discussed in relation to prior studies, with particular emphasis on attachment theory. Implications for preventive intervention efforts are considered.
Analyzing and interpreting NSSE data
Authors: Chen Pu‐Shih Daniel , Gonyea Robert M. , Sarraf Shimon A. , BrckaLorenz Allison , Korkmaz Ali , Lambert Amber D. , Shoup Rick , Williams Julie M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDrawing on their experience, current and former NSSE research analysts offer helpful tips and recommendations for institutional researchers on how to analyze student engagement data, including ways to work with multiple years of results and interpret effect sizes.
Plasma‐sprayed hydroxyapatite coating on carbon/carbon composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and related tests in vivo
Authors: Cao Ning , Dong Jianwen , Wang Qiangxiu , Ma Quansheng , Wang Feng , Chen Huaying , Xue Chengqian , Li Musen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe bioactive hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings were successfully prepared on carbon/carbon composites (C/C) by means of sand‐blasting pretreatment and plasma‐spraying technology. X‐ray diffraction was employed to analyze the phase constitute of the coatings. Meanwhile, the bond strength between the HA coatings and C/C substrates was determined via shear test. Experimental results show that the coatings constitute HA, CaO, and other amorphous phosphates. The post heat treatment could effectively increase crystallization and purity of the coatings. Through observation and analysis by electron microprobe and scanning electron microscopy, it is concluded that the bond strength of the plasma‐sprayed HA coatings on C/C is mainly determined by the interface structure and can be further improved by the post heat treatment. Meanwhile, the implantation in vivo was carried out in hybrid goats. The histological observation revealed that the osteoplaque gradually grew on the surface of the HA coatings and the pure C/C surface was covered by the fibrous tissues. No inflammation symptoms were found in the bone tissue around the implants. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Porous beta tricalcium phosphate scaffolds used as a BMP‐2 delivery system for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Sohier Jérôme , Daculsi Guy , Sourice Sophie , de Groot Klaas , Layrolle Pierre 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMacroporous beta tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) scaffolds were evaluated as potential carriers and delivery systems for bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2). Chemical etching was performed to increase the available surface and thus the protein loading. X‐ray diffraction and infrared spectrocopy analyses confirmed the preparation of pure β‐TCP scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy revealed interconnected porosity (64%) and a microporous surface after chemical etching. Scaffolds loaded with 30 and 15 μg of BMP‐2 were implanted respectively into the back muscles and into femoral defects (condyle and diaphysis) of rabbits for 4 weeks. Histological observations confirmed the activity of the BMP‐2 released from the scaffolds. Intramuscularly, bone was formed within the BMP‐2‐loaded scaffold pores. In the bone defects, the effect of released BMP‐2 was similarly noticeable, as evaluated by histomorphometry. The incorporation of BMP‐2 resulted in an amount of newly formed bone that was 1.3 times higher than with unloaded scaffolds. The implant site, however, did not have an effect on bone formation as no statistical differences were measured between cortical (diaphysis) and trabecular (condyle) defects. These results indicate the suitability of chemically etched β‐TCP scaffolds as BMP‐2 carriers, in the context of bone regeneration. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Asynchronous DNA replication and origin licensing in the mouse one‐cell embryo
Authors: Yamauchi Yasuhiro , Ward Monika A. , Ward W. Steven 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo prevent duplicate DNA synthesis, metazoan replication origins are licensed during G1. Only licensed origins can initiate replication, and the cytoplasm interacts with the nucleus to inhibit new licensing during S phase. DNA replication in the mammalian one‐cell embryo is unique because it occurs in two separate pronuclei within the same cytoplasm. Here, we first tested how long after activation the oocyte can continue to support licensing. Because sperm chromatin is licensed de novo after fertilization, the timing of sperm injection can be used to assay licensing initiation. To experimentally skip some of the steps of sperm decondensation, we injected mouse sperm halos into parthenogenetically activated oocytes. We found that de novo licensing was possible for up to 3 h after oocyte activation, and as early as 4 h before DNA replication began. We also found that the oocyte cytoplasm could support asynchronous initiation of DNA synthesis in the two pronuclei with a difference of at least 2 h. We next tested how tightly the oocyte cytoplasm regulates DNA synthesis by transferring paternal pronuclei from zygotes generated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) into parthenogenetically activated oocytes. The pronuclei from G1 phase zygotes transferred into S phase ooplasm were not induced to prematurely replicate and paternal pronuclei from S phase zygotes transferred into G phase ooplasm continued replication. These data suggest that the one‐cell embryo can be an important model for understanding the regulation of DNA synthesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 214–223, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.