bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo and in vitro immunological cross‐reactions between basic encephalitogen and synthetic basic polypeptides capable of suppressing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
Authors: Webb Cynthia , Teitelbaum Dvora , Arnon Ruth , Sela M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA significant extent of immunological cross‐reactivity has been demonstrated between the basic encephalitogenic protein of bovine origin and several synthetic amino acid copolymers which have suppressive effect on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). This cross‐reactivity has been conclusively established on the cellular level, both in vivo by means of delayed hypersensitivity skin tests and in vitro using transformation of sensitized lymphocytes, as measured by incorporation of radioactive thymidine. The in vitro experiments have been conducted with lymph node cells from guinea pigs of both random bred and inbred strains, and on spleen and lymph node cells from rabbits. Definite cross‐reactivity was observed between the basic encephalitogen and all the synthetic copolymers which were previously shown effective in suppression of EAE, whereas ineffective copolymers or unrelated proteins did not show any cross‐reactivity. In the case of strain 2 guinea pigs and rabbit lymph node cells the cross‐reactivity in vitro was manifested by direct cross‐stimulation of the lymphocytes, whereas in random‐bred or strain 13 guinea pigs and rabbit spleen cells, the cross‐reaction was detected only by means of specific inhibition of the homologous stimulation by the heterologous antigen.A limited extent of cross‐reactivity was observed on the humoral level as well; antibodies provoked in guinea pigs against the synthetic copolymer Cop 1 cross‐reacted in the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis assay with the bovine basic encephalitogen.
Rosette‐forming cell and cytophilic antibody
Authors: Liacopoulos P. , Couderc J. , Bleux C. , Birrien J. L. , Bach J. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunization of mice with two non‐cross‐reacting erythrocytes results in the appearance of double rosettes. Injection of sera from doubly immunized animals into normal mice also results in double rosette appearance when spleen cells are examined after rosette formation and incubation at 0 °C for 1 h. However, passive rosettes entirely disappear after overnight incubation at 4 °C or after incubation for 1 h at 37 °C, whereas active ones persist in significant numbers. These treatments therefore provide an accurate discrimination between cells passively sensitized by cytophilic antibody and cells actively forming antibody.Removal of cells adhering to plastic surfaces from spleen cells of doubly immunized animals provokes a decrease of simple rosettes and a disappearance of doubles among non‐adherent cells.When adherent cells are tested for existence of hemolytic plaque‐forming cells (PFC), it was found that PFC also adhere. Conversely, the non‐adherent cell population is severely depleted of such cells. Moreover, double PFC, again found in initial cell populations, were recovered with adherent cells but were absent in the final non‐adherent population.
Abrogation of immune tolerance to protein antigens in tolerant rabbits and mice by transfer of allogeneic spleen cells in small doses
Authors: Nachtigal D. , Zan‐Bar I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen small doses of allogeneic spleen cells are injected into rabbits or mice made tolerant to either human or bovine serum albumin, about half the treated animals will escape from tolerance. The effective doses in rabbits are 2 x 106 to 5 x 106 cells per animal and in mice 104 to 106 cells per animal. Larger doses, around 25 x 106 cells in rabbits, are ineffective.It is suggested that by transferring sufficiently small doses of allogeneic cells the threshold of the recipient's rejection mechanism can be circumvented.
Effét de la Rifamycine SV sur la réponse immunitaire induite in vitro
Authors: Thierry R. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMouse peritoneal cells producing antibodies against sheep red cells were used to study the effect of Rifamycin SV on an in vitro induced immunological response by the localized hemolysis technique.At a concentration of 100 μg/ml, Rifamycin SV has a greater inhibiting effect on lymphocytes than on macrophages. Lymphocytes are still clearly inhibited by 10 μg/ml, but the same concentration acting on macrophages causes an increase in the number of plaque‐forming cells. One thousand μg/ml Rifamycin SV completely suppresses antibody production, whereas 1 μg/ml has no detectable action.The effect of Rifamycin SV on incorporation of radioactive amino‐acids and uridine was also studied. We found that it has a weak effect on protein synthesis but inhibits synthesis of RNA; this inhibition is stronger in the absence of antigen. Furthermore, protein synthesis by these cells seems to be controlled by long‐lived ribonucleic acids.
Quenching of tryptophan fluorescence in rabbit and bovine IgG
Authors: Hill R. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIgG, Fab fragments and poly‐D, L‐alanylated IgG prepared from normal rabbit sera show a decrease in fluorescence on titration down from pH 9 to 3. A qualitatively similar behavior is seen in a preparation of normal bovine IgG in both the native and heat‐denaturated state. This decrease in fluorescence is believed to be due to collisional quenching of tryptophan fluorescence by protonated amino acid residues. Since tryptophan is believed to be an integral part of the antigen‐binding site, these findings open the possibility of using tryptophan fluorescence to follow conformational changes in the antibody molecule.
Analysis of antibody populations to oligo‐alanine determinants. II. Kinetic characterization of allotypic subpopulations
Authors: Weiler Ivan Jeanne , Weiler E. , Dittrich B. , Sprenger Renate 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibodies to the determinant oligo‐D‐alanine can be characterized by the speed of their association and dissociation with multivalent antigen. The antigen is present on the surface of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as dense clusters, formed by poly‐alanylated rabbit antibodies against SRBC. Anti‐D‐ala IgG molecules attached to such “receptors” sensitize SRBC for subsequent lysis by complement, provided they are complexed with anti‐allotype antibodies (“facilitation”). Kinetic curves for the association reaction (at 5 °C) or for the dissociation reaction (at 35 °C) indicate whether antibody populations are heterogenous or homogenous in their kinetic properties.Even when mice are of the same genetic constitution, antisera from individual mice may show up to 30‐fold differences in association velocities.The use of anti‐allotype antibodies as facilitating reagents allows the separate kinetic analysis of allotypically defined antibody subpopulations within heterozygous animals. Such subpopulations were found to be distinct and independent with respect to association‐dissociation characteristics.
The capacity of macrophage components to inhibit anti‐macrophage serum activity
Authors: Schroit A. J. , Geiger B. , Gallily Ruth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnti‐macrophage serum (AMS) was shown to lose part of its activity after incubation with macrophages. Both the cytotoxic and phagocytic inhibition properties of AMS decreased significantly after 12 h incubation with macrophages.Free and/or AMS‐bound macrophage antigens were found to be shed from the cell surface into the culture medium during incubation of macrophages with AMS.Labeled macrophage components were demonstrated to bind specifically to AMS, suggesting that the loss of AMS activity was mainly due to the blocking of antimacrophage antibody combining sites by macrophage antigens.
Cytophilic antibody: correlation of its distribution with activation of basophils and macrophages
Authors: Ferrarini M. , Munro A. , Wilson Anne B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunoglobulin determinants on the surface of guinea pig basopils were detected using mono‐ and divalent antiglobulin reagents conjugated with fluorscein isothiocyanate. The fluorescent pattern obtained with monovalent antiglobulin was always that of uniformly stained rings. Divalent antiglobulin agglutinated immunoglobulin determinates to form small fluorescent sports subsequently collected at one end of the cell (“cap” formation). The formation of caps is temperature‐dependent and is inhibited by sodiu azide and cytochalasin B.When basophils were incubated at 37 °C with divalent antiglobulin, morphological changes occurred, indicating that they had been activated. The same effect could be obtained with monovalent Fab́, but at least one hundred times more of it was required than the corresponding F(ab́)2.Cytophilic antiboidies on the surface of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages were also detected by immunofluorescence. In this case again, divalent antiglobulin reagents agglutinated the determinants to form small fluorescent sports. Cap formation was not observed and pinocytosis started as the first aggregates were formed. It was also found that cytophilic antibodies were not stable on the macrophages' surface and were easily eluted at 37 °C. A reaction with cross‐linking agents (divalent antiglobulin or antigen) stabilized the cytophilic antibody and pinocytosis was initiated.
Generation of chemotactic activity by immune complexes carrying clustered or nonclustered C&42horbar; sites
Authors: Opferkuch W. , Snyderman R. , Borsos T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSensitized cells (EA) bearing different numbers of &42horbar; sites were tested for their ability to generate chemotactic activity from C‐EDTA. From the results it can be shown that:

the amount of chemotactic activity generated parallels the number of &42horbar; sites bound to the cell surface,
all &42horbar; sites clustered around a single hemolytic site are enzymatically active as far as generation of chemotactic activity is concerned, and,
no difference can be demonstrated with IgG or IgM antibodies
Immune responses in vitro. ii. mixed leukocyte interaction in a protein‐free medium
Authors: Katz‐Heber Ellen , Peck A. B. , Click R. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAddition of mercaptoethanol to the culture medium has permitted a mixed leukocyte interaction (MLI) to be achieved with mouse spleen cells in a chemically defined protein‐free medium. Results which confirm those obtained in culture medium supplemented with heterologous sera are: 1) the maximum incorporation of isotope occurred between 60 and 72 h of culture; 2) the index of stimulation was 3–15; 3) the number of responder and stimulator cells required for maximum incorporation was 3 x 106 – 4 x 106 and 4) immunization resulted in a higher level of incorporation that occurred earlier than the maximum response of normal cells. Other results obtained confirm previous reports which are in apparent conflict: i.e., 1) stimulation of parental strains (P1) by F1 hybrids (P1 x P2) may be either equal to or one‐half that induced by the other parental strains (P2); and 2) F1 hybrids may or may not be stimulated by the parental strains. These latter two results were found to be dependent on the strains used. Other advantages of the system are discussed in terms of the elimination of artifacts that occur in medium containing serum and the usefulness in examination of molecular events occurring early in immune reactions.
Precursor cells specific to sheep red cells in nude mice. estimation of frequency in the microculture system
Authors: Quintáns J. , Lefkovits I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA dilution scheme for bone marrow‐derived (B) cells has been applied to estimate the frequency of precursor cells specific to sheep red cells (SRC) present in the spleens of nude mice.B cells were titrated over a range of 0.2 x 105 – 1.8 x 105 spleen cells of nude mice per microculture in the presence of a constant number of allogeneic spleen cells. Data from 6 limiting dilution experiments are presented. It is argued that only the B cells are being diluted out. The frequency of precursor cells specific for SRC was calculated by means of Poisson statistics. The estimates of these frequencies are in the range 0.9 x 10‐5 – 2 x 10‐5.
in vitro complementation experiments with nude mice. i. the allogeneic effect in the antibody response to sheep red cells
Authors: Lefkovits I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComplementation experiments were carried out in which allogeneic spleen cells were added to the spleen cells from nude mice. Evidence is presented that anti‐Θ sensitive T cells are responsible for the complementation. Experiments are described in which the anti‐sheep red cell response is followed as a function of the number of allogeneic spleen cells used to supplement the nude spleen cell cultures. With increasing numbers of allogeneic cells, optimum complementation is observed and then, a rapid drop of the response as the number of allogeneic cells is increased further. As few as 20 x 103 allogeneic spleen cells are able to complement 20 x 106 nude spleen cells to give a significant response. A delay in the addition of allogeneic cells up to 24 h does not change the kinetics of the response.
Hapten‐specific tolerance: unresponsiveness in the t celldepleted population
Authors: Hamilton J. A. , Miller J. F. A. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComplete and specific suppression of the anti‐NIP [(4‐hydroxy‐5‐iodo‐3‐nitro‐phenyl)acetyl] indirect plaque‐forming cell response to NIP‐fowl IgG was obtained in mice by pretreatment with NIP‐coated syngeneic erythrocytes. The complete suppression occurred within 5 to 7 days and was evident after adoptive transfer of spleen cells into irradiated mice. The state of unresponsiveness was reversed, not by thymus cells, but by supplementing with T cell‐depleted normal spleen cells. This suggests that the unresponsiveness occurred at the level of the B lymphocyte population.
In vitro induction of tumor specific immunity: requirements for T lymphocytes and tumor growth inhibition in vivo
Authors: Röllinghoff M. , Wagner H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCortisone‐resistant thymocytes, spleen cells, thoracic duct lymphocytes, peritoneal exudate cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes of BALB/c mice were immunized in vitro against syngeneic HPC‐108 plasma cell tumor cells. Cocultivation of spleen lymphocytes together with HPC‐108 cells generated the highest cytotoxic immune response in comparison to other lymphocyte sources. Cytotoxicity was tested in a 6 hour 51Cr release assay using HPC‐108 cells as target cells.The use of AKR anti‐θ C3H serum indicated that thymus‐derived (T) lymphocytes are essential to the initiation phase of the immune response to plasma cell tumor cells. Furthermore, evidence is presented that the cytotoxic effector cells in the in vitro tumor immune response are T lymphocytes.Spleen cells activated in vitro against HPC‐108 tumor cells were shown to specifically prevent tumor growth from simultaneously injected HPC‐108 cells in irradiated recipient mice.
Stimulation of DNA synthesis in mouse lymphoid cells by polyanions in vitro. I. Target cells and possible mode of action
Authors: Diamantstein T. , Vogt W. , Rühl H. , Bochert Gudrun 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of dextran sulfate on [3H]dThd incorporation in lymphoid cells was investigated. The polyanion activated DNA synthesis in spleen and bone marrow cells of normal mice. The highest rate of activation was detected in spleen cells of athymic (nude) mice; the ratio of [3H]dThd incorporation was higher in TxBM spleen cells of thymectomized, lethally irradiated and bone marrow protected mice than in spleen cells of normal donors. Thymus cells of normal mice could not be stimulated, but a slight response was obtained in cortisone‐resistant thymus cells. A synergetic effect was found in normal thymus cells using a combination of dextran sulfate and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). In contrast, lipopolysaccharide and PHA showed no synergetic effect.The possible mode of action of polyanions as de‐repressors of DNA synthesis is discussed.
Surface immunoglobulin of myeloma cells
Authors: Bevan M. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMouse myeloma cells have been stained in suspension at 0 °C or at room temperature with fluorescein‐labeled rabbit anti‐mouse immunoglobulin sera (F‐RAMIG) or with unlabeled RAMIG followed by fluorescein‐labeled goat anti‐rabbit immunoglobulin sera (F‐GARIG). Tissue culture adapted murine myeloma cells 5563 (IgG2aκ) have been used most extensively in these studies. 95–100 % of the cells show surface fluorescence at both temperatures after staining with F‐RAMIG or with RAMIG followed by F‐GARIG. At 0 °C the staining is diffuse over all the surface, at room temperature the staining is much brighter and patchy. The nature of the H and L‐chains at the surface of the myeloma cell is shown to parallel the type of secretory product. Thus, 5563 cells stain brilliantly with anti‐IgG and anti‐κ chain sera, but not at all with anti‐μ or anti‐α chain sera, which respectively stain TEPC 183 (IgMκ) and MOPC 47A (IgAκ) cells brilliantly. Also, MOPC 315 cells (IgAλ) do not stain with antisera against 5563 myeloma protein, but do stain with antisera against MOPC 47A and MOPC 104E myeloma proteins.Immediately after staining at 0 °C or room temperature, the fluorescence is located over the whole surface. However, if the stained cells are incubated at 37 °C in tissue culture medium, the stain gradually localizes to one pole of the cell such that by 5 h, about 50 % of the cells show staining localized to one hemisphere. The presence of the RAMIG‐antigen complex seemed to have little or no effect on the rate of secretion of myeloma protein during a 5 h period. The results are discussed in relation of the findings of others and to the significance of the surface immunoglobulin of myeloma cells.
The failure to transfer the NZB disease following implantation of NZB thymus‐containing chambers
Authors: Tuffrey Maureen , Kingman Jean , Barnes R. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe role of the thymus in the disease of the NZB still remains to be clearly defined. Upon the basis of Coombs' positive reactions occurring in normal strains of mice following the implantation of thymus‐containing diffusion chambers, previous workers suggested the primary role of a subcellular thymus causal factor in the disease of the NZB. We have been unable to confirm these findings in neonatally and adult thymectomized or intact mice of two other strains in spite of being implanted with NZB thymus‐containing chambers.
Isoelectric spectra of different classes of anti‐erythrocyte antibodies
Authors: Phillips Jennifer M. , Dresser D. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA method is described for visualizing isoelectric spectra of antibody against foreign erythrocytes. Different classes of immunoglobulins may be examined separately. After electrofocusing, anti‐SRBC bands are detected by overlaying the gel with molten agarose containing SRBC and anti‐globulin sera for different antibody classes. On addition of complement, bands of specific lysis appear, which are recorded photographically.Samples of sera from mice immunized with SRBC were electrofocused and bands of direct lysis and of γG2 — γG2a — developed lysis are shown. As the antigen dose is increased, more bands of γG2a anti‐SRBC antibody are detectable. The increase in the numbers of bands over the dose range used approximates to the increase seen in PFC over the same dose range.This method is quick and easy to perform and can also be used to detect antibody spectra against proteins, haptens and other antigens which can be linked to indicator red blood cells.
Ability of the T cell‐replacing polyanion dextran sulfate to trigger the alternate pathway of complement activation
Authors: Hadding U. , Dierich M. , König W. , Limbert M. , Schorlemmer H. U. , Bitter‐Suermann D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDextran sulfate (DS) consumed C3 in C4 deficient guinea pig serum. This temperature‐dependent reaction required Mg++ ions and could therefore be blocked by EDTA. Isolated C3 was not influenced by DS, but serum factors were required for C3 consumption. The C3 proactivator as well as C3 were converted to their activated state by DS in guinea pig and human serum, as revealed by immunoelectrophoretical analysis. DS generated anaphylatoxin activity in serum. It is concluded that DS activates C3 via the alternate pathway of complement activation. This potency of the polyanion might serve as a tentative explanation for its T cell‐replacing effect in an antibody‐forming system, which was reported by Diamantstein and his coworkers.
Immunogenicity of macrophage‐bound antigens: the requirement for hapten and carrier determinants to be on the same molecule for t and b lymphocyte collaboration
Authors: Unanue E. R. , Katz D. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe hapten‐protein conjugate, 2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐hemocyanin [DNP‐KLH], is highly immunogenic when bound to macrophages of normal mice. Indeed, such macrophages effectively stimulate a strong anti‐hapten response if presented to lymphocytes from mice previously immunized to the same hapten protein conjugate. On the other hand, the lymphocytes will not respond if the macrophage contains the hapten bound to an unrelated carrier, such as bovine IgG. In these experiments we tested whether such lymphocytes would respond immunologically to the hapten and carrier determinants, if these were in different molecules, but presented on the same macrophage. We have found that lymphocytes from DNP‐KLH immune mice respond weakly to macrophages that contain both the hapten DNP on bovine IgG plus hemocyanin. Hence, the optimal T and B lymphocyte collaboration via macrophages demands that both the haptenic and carrier determinants be on the same molecule.
Cellular and humoral immune responses in guinea pigs and rabbits to chemically defined synthetic peptides
Authors: Kelly Barbara , Levy Julia Gerwing , Hull D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo peptides shown previously (Biochemistry 1971. 10: 1763) to constitute the two major antigenic determinants of performic acid‐oxidized ferredoxin (O‐Fd) from Clostridium pasteurianum were studied in terms of their immunological properties. These peptides, designated the “N” (the NH2‐terminal heptapeptide of O‐Fd) and the “C” (the COOH‐terminal pentapeptide of O‐Fd) haptens, were synthesized and linked together in various ways to obtain peptides of a comparable length. The following peptides were prepared and used in this study: N‐10‐C, containing the N and C haptens linked by ten glycine residues, N‐8‐N, containing two N haptens linked by eight glycine residues and C‐mal‐10, constituting a symmetrical molecule with two C haptens each with a free COOH‐terminal and bridged by a malonic acid and ten glycine residues. All of these peptides were immunogenic in that they elicited both immediate and delayed skin reactions in immunized guinea pigs and stimulated increased uptake of [3H]thymidine in lymphocytes from appropriately sensitized animals. The peptides N‐10‐C and N‐8‐N also elicited the production of circulating antibodies in immunized rabbits. No antibodies to C‐mal‐10‐C were detected by the methods used here. Lymphocytes taken from guinea pigs sensitized to N‐10‐C were stimulated when they were cultured in the presence of either a conjugate of poly‐D‐glutamic acid and the C hapten (ratio of 1:22) or poly‐D‐glutamic and the N hapten (ratio of 1:18), indicating that the response was directed to the haptenic groups alone and not to the bridge structure. Lymphocytes from animals sensitized with C‐mal‐10‐C were not stimulated by N‐10‐C and appeared to require the presence of at least two C haptens per molecule before cell transformation could be elicited. On the other hand, lymphocytes from animals sensitized to N‐8‐N were stimulated with N‐10‐C, but not with the N hapten alone, indicating that while only one haptenic group was essential for stimulation, it had to be presented to reactive cells in a form other than as the free hapten. The implications of the results are discussed.