bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternating fluorene‐di(thiophene)quinoxaline copolymers via microwave‐supported suzuki cross‐coupling reactions
Authors: Tsami Argiri , Yang Xiao‐Hui , Farrell Tony , Neher Dieter , Holder Elisabeth 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThree different acceptor moieties, 2,3‐di‐n‐octyl‐5,8‐bis(5‐bromothiophene‐2‐yl)quinoxaline, 2,3‐bis(4′‐tert‐butylbiphenyl‐4‐yl)‐5,8‐bis(5‐bromothiophene‐2‐yl)quinoxaline, and 2,3‐bis(4′‐n‐octylbiphenyl‐4‐yl)‐5,8‐bis(5‐bromothiophene‐2‐yl)quinoxaline, have been designed und synthesized utilizing Suzuki cross‐couplings. Subsequently, these acceptor units have been connected to thiophene donor units by Stille cross‐couplings, resulting in three novel donor–acceptor–donor moieties. In addition, alternating copolymers of these donor–acceptor–donor building blocks with fluorene units have been prepared by microwave‐supported Suzuki cross‐couplings. The materials have been fully characterized and the optical properties have been analyzed. Single‐layer polymer red‐light‐emitting diodes have been prepared by blending 3 wt % of the alternating copolymers with poly(9,9′‐(bis(n‐octyl)fluorene‐co‐benzothiadiazole), revealing efficiencies ranging from 0.19 to 0.75 cd/A. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7794–7808, 2008
Click chemistry‐assisted triazole‐substituted azobenzene and fulgimide units in the pendant‐based copoly(decyloxymethacrylate)s for dual‐mode optical switches
Authors: Saravanan Chinnusamy , Senthil Sengodan , Kannan Palaninathan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCopolymer containing new thermally reversible click chemistry‐assisted triazole‐substituted azobenzene and fulgimide units in the pendant F‐co‐A was prepared by free‐radical solution addition polymerization technique. The F and A were also prepared for comparison. The DSC analysis of F indicates that the polymer possessing the C‐form of fulgimide unit exhibited higher Tm than that of E‐form of the same polymer and revealed that the C‐form of fulgimide unit in F is highly ordered. The cis‐trans back isomerization behavior of the click chemistry‐assisted triazole‐substituted azobenzene unit in film A has thermal irreversibility, while in F‐co‐A it exhibited thermal reversibility. The UV‐exposed film of F‐co‐A heated around Tg leads to cis‐trans back isomerization of azobenzene unit and thermally stable C‐form of fulgimide which retains its conjugated structure where both the photochromic units are converted into planar conformations and exhibit high fluorescence properties. The fluorescence maxima of C‐form in F‐co‐A red shifted compared with F, because the substituted triazole ring in the azobenzene unit stabilized the C‐form of fulgimide unit. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7843–7860, 2008
Bipolar copolymers comprised mesogen‐jacketed polymer containing oxadiazole units and PVK as host materials for electroluminescent devices
Authors: Wang Ping , Jin Hao , Liu Wanli , Chai Chunpeng , Shen Zhihao , Guo Haiqing , Chen Xiaofang , Fan Xinghe , Zou Dechun , Zhou Qifeng 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNonconjugated bipolar transport polymers have been developed as host materials for electroluminescent devices by incorporating both electron‐transporting and hole‐transporting functionalities into copolymers. The random copolymer PCt‐nvk3‐7 containing mesogen‐jacketed segment of P‐Ct have been synthesized and characterized. The effect of mesogen‐jacketed segment content of these bipolar copolymers on device performance has been investigated. The results of polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) show that the jacketed content of copolymers has a significant effect on device performance: lowering charge transport and facilitating the hole‐electron recombination leads to much higher current efficiency. Applying these high triplet random copolymers as host, the maximum current efficiency of 0.70 cd/A and the maximum brightness of 1872.8 cd/m2 was achieved for PCt‐nvk3‐7 with an orange‐emitting complex dopant. The results suggest that the bipolar copolymers PCt‐nvks can be good host polymers for electrophosphorescent devices. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7861–7867, 2008
Effects of microparticles on isotactic polypropylene: Thermomechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Salaün Fabien , Vroman Isabelle , Bedek Gauthier , Lewandowski Maryline 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFive types of melamine‐formaldehyde microcapsules, that is, with shells of different compositions [melamine formaldehyde shell or a melamine formaldehyde‐poly(hexamethylene adipate glycol) shell] and containing or not a flame retardant, diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP), have been prepared by an in situ polymerization method and have been added to an isotactic polypropylene matrix (iPP) by melt blending at 5 wt %. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry were employed to investigate the crystallization behavior of the prepared iPP/microparticles composites. The tensile properties and the thermal stability were also evaluated. It was stated that the morphology and the shape of the microparticles not only influence the crystallization behavior but also the thermomechanical properties of these composites. Thus, rougher microparticles act as a nucleating agent for the iPP, and in the presence of microparticles containing DAHP, the α‐ and the β‐crystals are formed. Moreover, the presence of microparticles improves the thermal stability of the iPP. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2566–2576, 2008
Morphology and mechanical properties of a novel amorphous polyamide/nanoclay nanocomposite
Authors: Zhang Xingui , Loo Leslie S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA novel amorphous polyamide/montmorillonite nanocomposite based on poly(hexamethylene isophthalamide) was successfully prepared by melt intercalation. Wide angle X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy showed that organoclay containing quaternary amine surfactants with phenyl and hydroxyl groups was delaminated in the polymer matrix resulting in well‐exfoliated morphologies even at high montmorillonite content. Differential scanning calorimetry results indicated that clay platelets did not induce the formation of a crystalline phase in this amorphous polymer. Tensile tests demonstrated that the addition of nanoclay caused a dramatic increase in Young's modulus (almost twofold) and yield strength of the nanocomposites compared with the homopolymer. The nanocomposites exhibited ductile behavior up to 5 wt % of nanoclay. The improvement in Young's modulus is comparable with semicrystalline aliphatic nylon 6 nanocomposites. Both the main chain amide groups and the amorphous nature of the polyamide are responsible for enhancing the dispersion of the nanofillers, thereby, leading to improved properties of the nanocomposites. The structure‐property relationship for these nanocomposites was also explored. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2605–2617, 2008
An investigation of change management processes involved in the implementation of clinical governance by allied health professionals in Scotland
Authors: Hall H. , Curzio J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurpose and relevance. Clinical Governance (CG) has been a major ‘change’ initiative for facilitating quality accountability in health care. Responsibilities of Allied Health Professionals (AHPs) within CG have included the application of evidence into practice, risk management, audit, team‐ship and an engagement in the learning underpinning quality‐based care. The purpose of this study was to enlighten change management processes concerning the implementation of CG within AHP practice through: 1) examining the current ‘context of change’ surrounding AHPs and CG; and 2) determining the factors influencing AHP engagement in CG. Methods. A CG questionnaire was devised, peer‐reviewed and piloted in Wales. Subsequently a national survey of 3901 AHPs from 16 Scottish Trusts was undertaken. The sample consisted of a representative grouping of the six largest disciplines (Radiography, Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy, Dietetics, Speech and Language Therapy and Podiatry). Analysis. Responses from 1714 participants (RR = 44%) were analysed (SPSS, Version 12). Content Analysis was undertaken on the textural data, analysis of variance to compare responses and Multiple Regression to predict the factors influencing AHP engagement in CG. Results. While AHPs were positive about and partially involved in CG, they did not have the appropriate skill, attitude or support to fully engage or take leadership roles in CG. AHPs experienced barriers to instigating change in practice, sharing and putting evidence into practice and to engaging in CG. Differences in perceptions of CG support and attitudes existed between the professions and grades. Certain professions felt significantly more positive and supported in their practice of CG than others. Levels of engagement, awareness, skill, attitude and perceptions of support for CG increased with grade. Part‐timers and newly qualified AHPs were less aware of CG than their full‐time or longer‐qualified AHP colleagues. Five predictors of engagement in CG were found: 1) perception of support for CG; 2) values and belief towards CG; 3) knowledge and skill in CG; 4) grade; and 5) hours of service. Conclusion. A multifaceted ‘change management’ approach, which would increase levels of CG knowledge and skill, provide support and enable positive attitudinal change among AHPs, would be the most successful strategy to facilitate future engagement of Scottish AHPs in CG. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Massive boson‐fermion degeneracy and the early structure of the universe
Authors: Kounnas C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe existence of a new kind of massive boson‐fermion symmetry is shown explicitly in the framework of the heterotic, type II and type II orientifold superstring theories. The target space‐time is two‐dimensional. Higher dimensional models are defined via large marginal deformations of JJ‐type. The spectrum of the initial undeformed two dimensional vacuum consists of massless boson degrees of freedom, while all massive boson and fermion degrees of freedom exhibit a new Massive Spectrum Degeneracy Symmetry (MSDS). This precise property, distinguishes the MSDS theories from the well known supersymmetric SUSY‐theories. Some proposals are stated in the framework of these theories concerning the structure of: (i) The Early Non‐singular Phase of the Universe, (ii) The two dimensional boundary theory of AdS3 Black‐Holes, (iii) Plausible applications of the MSDS theories in particle physics, alternative to SUSY.
Melatonin (Circadin): a novel hypnotic for use in older patients
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Nutt David 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMelatonin is a new hypnotic with a novel mode of action for the short‐term treatment of insomnia in older patients. In this New products review, Steve Chaplin discusses the clinical trial evidence for its efficacy, and Professor David Nutt describes its place in treatment. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Coherence length of high‐βsemiconductor microcavity lasers
Authors: Ates Serkan , Gies Christopher , Ulrich Sven M. , Wiersig Jan , Reitzenstein Stephan , Löffler Andreas , Forchel Alfred , Jahnke Frank , Michler Peter 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDetailed experimental and theoretical investigations on coherence properties of high‐β(In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dot‐based microcavity lasers are presented. Power dependent micro‐photoluminescence measurements on the fundamental mode of the studied micropillar cavities exhibited a smooth transition from spontaneous into stimulated emission with a strong linewidth narrowing around the onset of lasing. This is accompanied by a steep increase in the coherence time of the fundamental mode emission, as derived from first‐order field correlation measurements which revealed a gradual change in theg(1)(τ) lineshapes from Gaussian‐like to more exponential. In addition, systematic coherence time measurements on various micropillars demonstrated that devices with smaller spontaneous emission coupling factorβreveal longer coherence time of the lasing emission. All experimental results are fully verified by an enhanced microscopic theory which describes the lasing properties of quantum dot (QD) micropillars. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Single entangled photon pair emission from an InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot up to temperatures of 30 K
Authors: Hafenbrak R. , Ulrich S. M. , Wang L. , Rastelli A. , Schmidt O. G. , Michler P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPhoton pairs emitted from the biexciton‐exciton cascade of a single self‐assembled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot can be polarization‐entangled. The degree of entanglement is reduced by the fine structure splitting of the involved exciton level. We measure this splitting in high resolution using a scanning Fabry‐Pérot interferometer. By quantum state tomographywe can determine the twophoton polarization state.We are able to verify the conditions of entangled or classically correlated photon pairs in full consistence with the observed fine structure splittings. The entanglement remains relatively unaffected for elevated sample temperatures where we observe reliable entanglement up to 30 K. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Weak coupling effects in high‐Q electrically driven micropillars
Authors: Kistner C. , Reitzenstein S. , Böckler C. , Debusmann R. , Claudon J. , Grenouillet L. , Höfling S. , Gérard J. M. , Forchel A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe present cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) effects in electrically driven high quality (high‐Q) quantum dot‐micropillar cavities. An optimized current injection scheme is employed, which enables simultaneously efficient electrical pumping and efficient out‐coupling of light: A ring‐shaped electrical contact leaving the upper facet of the pillars free from any absorbing material is used for efficient current injection and additionally serves as an aperture. This approach helps to suppress the detection of spontaneous emission from QDs through the sidewalls of the micropillars and leads to very clean electroluminescence spectra. Temperature tuning of single quantum dots (QDs) excitons allows us to observe Purcell‐enhancement of the spontaneous emission for QDs interaction with the fundamental mode as well as higher order modes. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coherent resonant scattering and free induction decay of 2D‐excitons in GaAs SQW
Authors: Poltavtsev Sergey V. , Ovsyankin Vladimir V. , Stroganov Boris V. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractStationary and transient spectroscopy of excitonic induction is applied for measuring the rates of the processes controlling the efficiency of the coherence transfer under the photon‐exciton transformations in GaAs/AlGaAs structures with single quantum wells. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Generation and time‐resolved detection of coherently controlled electric currents at surfaces
Authors: Güdde Jens , Rohleder Marcus , Meier Torsten , Koch Stephan W. , Höfer Ulrich 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe demonstrate a technique for the generation and detection of electron currents at surfaces on a femtosecond time scale with a contact‐free experimental setup based on a combination of coherent control and photoemission spectroscopy. We have applied this technique for electrons excited into image‐potential states on a Cu(100) surface that form a free‐electron‐like band in the direction parallel to the surface. The photogeneration of currents is described by optical Bloch equations for a multiband model. By incorporating field‐induced interband and intersubband transitions together with intraband accelerations into the model, the observed phase dependence of the population and of the current can be reproduced. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Porous anodic alumina thin films on Si: interface characterization
Authors: Gianneta V. , Nassiopoulou A. G. , Krontiras C. A. , Georga S. N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe cover picture of this issue of physica status solidi (c) has been taken from the article [1]. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tall building acoustics and the challenges of sustainability
Authors: Swift P. B. , Stead M. J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAll buildings with noise‐sensitive spaces, and residential occupancy in particular, require noise mitigation to be incorporated throughout the architectural, structural and building services design. For tall buildings, the number and type of noise and vibration sources increase, particularly where sustainable design features are incorporated, such as natural ventilation, that can reduce the acoustic performance of facades. Additional noise sources located on and near the facade of a building and the reduced noise isolation afforded by the facade have a detrimental effect on the acoustical amenity within the occupied spaces. This paper reviews noise source identification and mitigation for tall buildings, and considers additional acoustic issues associated with green buildings. In particular, approaches to achieving improved noise transmission loss performance across facades, and the identification and mitigation of the effects of noise and vibration sources located internal and external to the building are considered. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wettability control of a solid surface by utilizing photocatalysis
Authors: Watanabe Toshiya , Yoshida Naoya 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper describes a strategic approach utilizing a photocatalyst to obtain a solid surface with a high level of sustainable wettability (hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity). We clarified that the substances adsorbed on the surface could be successfully removed by photocatalytic oxidation resulting in sustainable high hydrophilic and high hydrophobic states. In addition to the conventional redox reaction, photoinduced wettability conversion plays an inevitable role in obtaining a superhydrophilic state. Both of the aforementioned photoinduced properties can be applied to sustain a high level of hydrophilicity. A superhydrophobic surface can be designed based on the Cassie theory. However, a combination with the usual TiO2 photocatalyst leads to a decrease in hydrophobicity because the photocatalyst becomes hydrophilic itself as a result of the photoinduced hydrophilic reaction. Utilizing the newly developed hydroxyapatite doped with Ti(IV) ions (TiHAP) photocatalyst, which has a considerably reduced hydrophilic effect, a superhydrophobic surface can be sustained after exposing it to outdoor conditions for a long period. As for sustaining the hydrophobic state, the introduction of a material design based on dynamic wettability leads to the possibility of novel functional materials with a high dynamic hydrophobicity. Our study shows that a high level of wettability (hydrophilic or hydrophobic) of a solid surface as that sustained by biologic action is possible by utilizing photocatalysis. © 2008 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 8: 279–290; 2008: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20154
Stereocontrolled alkylation of unsaturated compounds with alkoxytitanacyclopropane reagents
Authors: Kulinkovich Oleg , Isakov Vladimir , Kananovich Dzmitry 
Published: October 2008

AbstractInteraction of titanium(IV) isopropoxide with ethylmagnesium bromide and its higher homologs leads to the generation of alkoxytitanacyclopropane species, which are able to act in the reactions with unsaturated compounds as 1,2‐dicarbanionic alkylating agents. The present review is focused on the processes of intermolecular regio‐ and stereoselective alkylation of carboxylic esters and allylic alcohol derivatives with alkoxytitanacyclopropane reagents. The oxophilicity of the titanium atom and its tendency to form sterically crowded ate complexes are probably the main factors providing a high level of selectivity of these transformations. © 2008 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 8: 269–278; 2008: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20155
Self evolution algorithm to minimize earliness and tardiness penalties with a common due date on a single machine
Authors: Weng Wei , Fujimura Shigeru 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEarliness and tardiness penalties are designed for such scheduling problems where the popular Just‐In‐Time (JIT) concept is considered to be of significant importance. In this paper, a self evolution (SE) algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of single‐machine total earliness and tardiness penalties with a common due date. Up to now, no specific attention has been paid to straddling V‐shaped schedules of such problems, which may be better than pure V‐shaped schedules for the early due date cases; and no specific discussions have been made on the start time setting of the first job in a schedule. Therefore, in this research, efforts have been made on digging out the straddling V‐shaped schedules, improving the efficiency of setting the start time of a schedule, and reducing the execution time. In addition, a new RHRM approach is proposed to create the initial solution for evolution, which helps in achieving the fast contingency of the algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been tested on 280 benchmark instances ranging from 10 to 1000 jobs from the OR Library, and the results show that the proposed SE algorithm delivers much higher efficiency in finding optimal or near‐optimal solutions with both better results in total penalties and significant execution time reduction. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Identification of continuous‐time nonlinear systems by using a gaussian process model
Authors: Hachino Tomohiro , Takata Hitoshi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with a nonparametric identification of continuous‐time nonlinear systems by using a Gaussian process model. Genetic algorithm is applied to train the Gaussian process prior model by minimizing the negative log marginal likelihood of the identification data. The nonlinear term of the objective system is estimated as the predictive mean function of the Gaussian process, and the confidence measure of the estimated nonlinear function is given by the predictive covariance function of the Gaussian process. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evolutionary computation system for musical composition using listener's heartbeat information
Authors: Fukumoto Makoto , Imai Jun‐ichi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractInteractive evolutionary computation (EC) creates media contents that fit on a user; however, user's fatigue problem still remains. Takagi et al. proposed a framework of EC that evaluates media contents based on a user's physiological indices, and this technique is expected to solve the problem. In this study, we constructed an EC system that creates musical melody using listener's heartbeat intervals. Based on the constructed system, we proposed a method that creates media contents and presents them to a user automatically using blank. The constructed system and the proposed method have the possibility to reduce user's fatigue. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.