bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost‐efficient treatment for uninsured or underinsured patients with hypertension, depression, diabetes mellitus, insomnia, and gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: Luthy Karlen E. , Peterson Neil E. , Wilkinson Joey 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPurpose: As the number of uninsured and underinsured patients in the United States continues to rise, savvy nurse practitioners (NPs) must balance quality of care with cost of drugs. This article reviews evidence‐based treatments in light of prescribing the most cost‐efficient medications.Data sources: Searches of electronic databases including MEDLINE, MEDLINEPlus, EBSCO, PubMed, CINAHL, Clinical Pharmacology, Biomedical Reference Collection—Basic, Health Source—Consumer Edition, Health Source—Nursing/Academic Edition, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library Online.Conclusions: As the role of NP continues to evolve, it is important for NPs to establish themselves as economically conscious healthcare providers, striking a delicate balance between providing quality and cost‐efficient care. An NP’s familiarity with cost‐efficient treatment options for common diagnoses such as hypertension, depression, diabetes mellitus, insomnia, and gastroesophageal reflux disorders can help ease the economic burden uninsured and underinsured patients endure, especially with respect to prescription drugs, and improve compliance with medication regimens.Implications for practice: NPs should acquire knowledge on how to best treat uninsured or underinsured patients in the most cost‐efficient manner. Knowledge of prescription drug cost is one tool an NP can use to encourage patient compliance, improving the overall health of uninsured or underinsured individuals.
Associations of Health Risk Behaviors With School Absenteeism. Does Having Permission for the Absence Make a Difference?
Authors: Eaton Danice K. , Brener Nancy , Kann Laura K. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTBackground:  Nearly 10% of students enrolled in US public schools are absent daily. Although previous research has shown associations of school absenteeism with participation in risk behaviors, it is unclear if these associations vary by whether the absence was excused. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of health risk behaviors with being absent from school with and without permission among high school students.Methods:  During spring 2004, questionnaires similar to the Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire were completed by 4517 ninth‐ and eleventh‐grade students. Responses to items assessing frequency of school absences during the past 30 days for any reason and without permission were combined to create a variable coded as absent on: 0 days; ≥1 day, all with permission (WP); and ≥1 day, at least 1 day without permission (WOP). Logistic regression analyses controlling for gender, grade, and race/ethnicity examined the association of risk behaviors with absenteeism.Results:  Controlling for demographic variables, compared to students who were absent 0 days, students who were absent WP had significantly higher odds of engaging in 25 of 55 risk behaviors examined and students who were absent WOP had significantly higher odds of engaging in 43 of the 55 behaviors. Students who were absent WOP also had approximately twice the odds of engaging in risk behaviors compared to students who were absent WP.Conclusions:  School absenteeism, with and without permission, is associated with risk behaviors. Schools should recognize absenteeism for any reason as a warning sign for a variety of risk behaviors.
The role of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis lung lesions in the transmission of this bacterium to other sheep
Authors: ELLIS T M , SUTHERLAND S S , WILKINSON F C , MERCY A R , PATON M W 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY: :Five groups of 5 shorn and 5 unshorn caseous lymphadenitis (CLA)‐free Merino wether weaners were each placed in feedlot pens with 6 Merino ewes, 2 or more of which had CLA lung lesions but no discharging superficial lesions. The sheep were kept together for 5 months.Twenty‐eight per cent of the shorn weaners and 20% of the unshorn weaners developed antibodies to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. At slaughter, 8% of the shorn weaners and 12% of the unshorn weaners had CLA lesions in either lungs, lymph nodes or both. In the absence of contact with CLA‐infected ewes, a control group of 5 shorn and 5 unshorn weaners failed to develop antibodies to C. pseudotuberculosis or CLA lesions in the same period. This showed that sheep with CLA abscesses in the lungs but no discharging superficial abscesses were a source of C. pseudotuberculosis infection to other sheep. Aust Vet J. 64: 261–263
A contrast of dental consultation utilization between two different hospitals
Authors: REDDING SPENCER W. , VEAZEY DOUGLAS A. 
Published: March 2008

This study shows that the distinct difference in patient types that a dentist may see depends on the focus of the hospital involved. The dentists in the general hospital will commonly see periodontal problems, tooth pain, trauma, and prosthetic problems. This contrasts with Lockhart and Sonis, who commonly found oral infection. However, they were seeing a large number of oncology patients, whose immunosuppression increased the problem of oral infection.The dentist in the psychiatric hospital will more frequently see problems of tooth pain, and periodontal problems and trauma will be seen less frequently than in the general hospital. Prosthodontic problems will occur with equal frequencies in both hospitals. Finally, the dental patient population will tend to be older in the general hospital.
The efficacy of sodium hypochlorite as a denture cleanser
Authors: KEMPLER DANIEL , MYER MICHAEL , KAHL ERNEST A. , MARTIN DONALD W. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYVarious concentrations of sodium hypochlorite solutions on stained dentures were evaluated. Cleansing effects of hypochlorite were compared with the cleansing effect of a series of proprietary cleansers available on the market. A 50% hypochlorite solution proved more effective than the proprietary cleansing agents evaluated.
Portable dental chair
Authors: BAYCAR ROBERT , AKER FRANK , SEROWSKI ANDREW 
Published: March 2008

SummaryTo many people, dental care is solely for the relief of pain or infection; to others i To is a luxury that cannot be afforded because of monetary or geographic barrierS. Although the handicapped may be unable to travel to receive dental care services, they should be the recipients of definitive care including the prevention of disease.The dentist and his staff are more able to leave the confines of a fixed operatory and travel with portable equipment to urban and rural areas. The goal is to provide more than just emergency treatment, with'the type and quality of care partly dependent on the capabilities of transportable equipment.system is completed, using handtightened knobs and thumbscrews to secure the attachments. The system is easy to clean and maintain, being of simple design and composed of durable, corrosion‐resistant materialS. Repairs require a few common tools and, because of compactness and lightweight, assembled modules or subsystems can be containerized for shipment if replacements are required.The concept of a portable dental clinic is not new but its function as a total care unit has been directly proportional to bulk, as might be seen in the mobile van concept. With modem technology, miniaturized devices are as effective as or are highly improved over larger couterpartS. By using smaller, light‐weight components in a dental treatment unit, the system can be more easily transported, even to the point of being hand carried.The design criteria established for the portable chair system are based on the concept of miniaturization. The components are commercially available and, with a few modifications, all assemblies can be attached to the dental chair. Assembly and disassembly of theOne problem encountered with portable dental systems is the number of containers needed for large modular components and chair. The total system is packaged into one durable weatherproof container weighing 150 Ib. Two men can easily carry the container over short distances or it can be transported in a small motorized vehicle, or in a trailer drawn by an animal.Because of its compact size, a dental operatory can be set up in a limited space and design features permit use even when based on soft ground. If electricity and compressed air are not available, they can be supplied by a small generator and a compact quiet air compressor.There is a growing need to develop equipment and methods for portable dental treatment. The portable chair design has removed much of the unnecessary bulk and weight yet has retained the function of comprehensive dental care.
Dental management of a child with tuberous sclerosis: report of case
Authors: FENTON STANFORD J. , MORRISON DONALD J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of an 8‐year‐old male with tuberous sclerosis was presented. A description of the clinical, radiologic, neurologic, and histologic manifestations of this disease was discussed. Severe gingival hyperplasia, associated with this disease, and concomitant delayed eruption of permanent teeth requiring surgical intervention were observed. The result of extensive gingival excision to uncover teeth for function and esthetic appearance was stable for five years.
Special design of mouthstick device for a patient with upper extremity bilateral amputations
Authors: CLORAN ARTHUR J. , DAVIS WILLIAM J. , CAMPBELL THURID M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA patient who lost both arms as the result of an accident was fitted with a special mouthstick. After 6 months, no dental contraindications were noted. The device enabled the patient to perform functional tasks and have a relatively normal life.
Critical skills assessment for the treatment of geriatric patients: Geriatric Dentistry
Authors: KRESS GERARD C. , VIDMAR GORDON C. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThis paper reports the results of a needs assessment survey conducted to identify education objectives for the dentist geriatric fellowship program initiated by the Veterans Administration in 1982. A cascading sample design was used to identify 82 persons recognized as experts in geriatric dentistry. Each was asked to list five knowledge, skill, and attitudinal objectives considered most crucial for comptence of the geriatric dentist. The 30 major critical competencies cited and their relative frequencies are presented as a kind of definition of the competent geriatric dentist and a guide to planning and evaluation of geriatric dentistry programs
A comprehensive oral care plan for nursing homes
Authors: O'LAUGHLIN JAMES M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe personnel needed for a dental service are the dentist, the dental assistant, or an appropriately trained aide, and a nurse's aide. The initial visit would include a screening and review of all participants, and providing the home with necessary permission slips. A home care checklist chart is developed for each participating resident. If the forms reflect the organization, completion of the forms is simple, and easily managed and updated. An emergency care room should be established with ample light, a dental chair, a sink, and necessary supplies (Table).On the second and subsequent visits, an aide can organize the charts and bring patients to the dental room for screening. It is easy for the aide or nurse to tell what the personal health and mood of the patient is. A screening examination is charted with potential and immediate problems written on the conservator's form (Fig 2). Treatment may consist of directions to staff, temporary medicated dressing (cement or denture liner, or trimming of denture flanges), and the recommendation for extensive treatment or absolute immediate care in the office of an oral surgeon or a hospital based dental department.Subsequent treatment visits should include education for untrained aides and an update for staff members already trained. Treatment should be done after consultation with staff. New patients with completed conservator's request forms may be screened for potential or immediate need.Any billing would be completed by the dentist or aide, using the same procedures that he or she would use in the private office. The dentist is responsible for billing.Instruction sheets are left at the home on the first day by the secretary. These directives help to keep things slowly smoothly when the dentist comes for the first visit (Fig 2).
Evaluation of attitudes of Chinese dental students toward dental care for patients with handicapping conditions
Authors: BEDI RAMAN , CHAN TIM S. C. , O'DONNELL DAVID 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBecause many of the dental students have not previously been in direct contact with people with handicapping conditions, a 10‐week course was introduced into the dental curriculum with the objective of promoting an awareness of the special needs and positive attitudes toward patients with handicapping conditions. Community‐based and clinical experience in providing dental care for the patient with handicapping conditions was introduced to the traditional lecture and seminar presentation. It is hoped that students will recognize and come to terms with their own feeling about this group and so be able to provide them with effective dental care.
Dentists' verbal communication leads during an interview with geriatric patients
Authors: HANDELMAN STANLEY L. , STEGE PATRICIA M. , BARIC JEAN M. , ESPELAND MARK A. , SAUNDERS RALPH H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA reliable method has been developed to describe dentists' verbal communication leads using closed circuit television. The purpose of this investigation was to compare these leads during the greeting and initial discussion portion of an initial dental interview for ten dentists with 20 patients older than 65 years. Leads were categorized as controlling, noncontrolling, or neutral.A controlling lead was defined as a lead that allowed the dentist to exert authority in a controlling manner. The most frequently used leads in this category were closed‐ended questions and structuring. Leads were categorized as noncontrolling if the lead allowed patients to express themselves (acceptance, approval, clarification, interpretation, and open‐ended question). Examples of frequently observed neutral leads included small talk and information giving.The frequency of noncontrolling, neutral, and controlling leads was 28%, 40%, and 32%, respectively. Correlations between these three categories were weak and indicated that they were measuring different qualities of the communication process.When the three categories of leads were analyzed by doctors and patients' gender, the mean numbers of leads were similar, although male dentists tended to be more controlling with male patients and less controlling with female patients. These differences were not statistically significant using the analysis of variance.The authors thank Mr. David Skeels and Ms. Diane Gladstone for scoring the verbal behaviors and all related activities, and Dr. Gerald Gladstein. PhD. for consultative behavior definition and analysis.A complete list with a description and examples is available from the authors on request.The informed consent of all subjects who participated in the study was obtained after the nature of the procedure and possible discomforts and risks had been fully explained.
A dental protocol for patients receiving radiation therapy for cancer of the head and neck
Authors: ENGELMEIER ROBERT L. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryDentists have a definite place on oncology teams and tumor planning boards, especially when a patient with head and neck cancer is to be treated with radiation therapy. In many instances, the dentist can support these patients more than any other health care professional. Besides fabricating appliances to support the radiotherapist, the dentist can make a wide variety of appliances to make the patient more comfortable. With a regular recall system he or she can intercept and treat the complications of head and neck radiation therapy as early as possible. The dentist can provide these patients with the information they need to understand and prevent the complications of radiation therapy. To accomplish this task, the dental oncologist requires good records from the oncologist including diagnosis, radiation dose and fields, prognosis, and other treatments planned. The dentist also needs the support of the medical and administrative staff members.
The dental management of depressed patients
Authors: FRIEDLANDER ARTHUR H. , BRILL NORMAN Q. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA significant portion of the US population suffers from depression. In this paper, the psychopathology and the American Psychiatric Association's DSM III diagnostic criteria for depression are reviewed, medical treatment modalities are enumerated, and the interrelationship between the disease process, its medical therapy, and the incidence of dental disease are detailed. Appropriate nomenclature has been used to assist the dentist in obtaining meaningful consultative advice. The requisite precautions that must be taken when an individual is medicated with certain psychotropic drugs are outlined.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with tracheostomy: report of case involving endodontic treatment
Authors: ROVER BILLY C. , TOGA CARL J. , JONES JUDITH A. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryModern medicine has made many advances in the capability to sustain life. The dental profession needs to keep up to date with these changes and be creative in caring for these individuals who are medically compromised and who require special care.11 This sometimes requires the purchase of new equipment; other times it means modifying that which exists. In all instances, the level of care for these individuals requires a team approach and mandates education of all team members. In the case presented, the medical problems necessitated such a team effort to achieve optimal care.
Starting a hospital dental consultation service: educational and financial considerations
Authors: III PAUL LEE SALISBURY , GARRISON RAYMOND S. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryMost hospital departments of dentistry operate inpatient consultation services, and some information is available in the literature regarding the characteristics of several of these services. To date, however, there have been no published reports analyzing their effectiveness for teaching purposes or the financial impact that consultation services have on dental departments.
The preparedness of dental professionals to treat persons with disabling conditions in long‐term care facility and community settings
Authors: STIEFEL DORIS J. , TRUELOVE EDMOND L. , JOLLY DANIEL E. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA survey was conducted of 300 state long‐term care facilities to determine prior training and needs for further instruction of dental staff in the management of patients in this setting. In addition, dental practitioners in two states, Missouri and Washington, were surveyed with respect to their qualifications and availability to treat persons with disabling conditions in the community.A large proportion of dentists who work in long‐term care facilities reported a lack of formal preparation for their area of dental practice. Many community dentists who stated a willingness to treat persons with disabling conditions also appeared to be inadequately prepared. Responses to the Missouri and Washington surveys were generally similar; apparent differences with respect to experience may have been caused by variation in survey criteria.Positive effects of training are beginning to carry over into practice. Larger numbers of recent graduates reported training and expressed willingness to treat patients with disabling conditions compared with dentists who have been in practice longer. Dentists with training and extensive experience probably best reflect available dental resources for persons with disabling conditions in the community.
Panoramic radiographic examination of patients who are edentulous
Authors: CATELLI WILLIAM F. , ENGSTROM HELENE I. M. , HOLLENDER LARS G. , FELLER RALPH P. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryPanoramic radiographs of 289 patients who were edentulous were investigated for: root fragments, impacted teeth, radio‐paque areas, radiolucent areas, foreign bodies, maxillary sinus changes, TMJ changes, and extent of bony atrophy. Comparisons were made with the results of previous studies. Technical and darkroom procedures were analyzed with regard to processing, positioning, and procedural errors.A 14% frequency of pathologic findings was found. These findings support the conclusions of others2–5 that many edentulous patients have some dental pathosis.Twenty‐seven percent of the radiographs had processing errors and 5% had artifacts resulting from procedural errors. Only 24% of the radiographs were without gross positional errors. The most common error being anterior magnification. Under‐or overdevelopment interfered with interpretation in about 10% of the films. Thirty‐seven percent had condyles that were either partially or totally missing.
Dental treatment of a patient with Friedreich's ataxia
Authors: CAMM JEFFREY H. , CARPENTER JAMES V. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe dental treatment of a patient with Friedreich's ataxia is discussed. Despite the patient's systemic conditions, treatment including oral hygiene instructions and an extraction was performed without complications. With knowledge of this disease, in conjunction with medical consultation, these patients can be treated successfully.
The management of periodontal disease in patients who have received radiation therapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: FATTORE LA DEANE , STRAUSS ROBERT , BRUNO JAMES 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOsteoradionecrosis is a common, serious sequela of radiation therapy for oral cancer. Patients who are to receive radiation therapy should have preradiation dental evaluation and treatment, oral hygiene instruction, and close dental follow‐up during and after radiation therapy.Teeth with significant periodontal disease should be extracted before radiotherapy. After radiation treatment, advancing periodontal disease can be initially managed with conservative treatment, scaling and root planing, tetracycline, and good oral hygiene. Periodontal disease is a possible source of infection and may therefore predispose a patient to osteo‐radionecrosis.
Preventing adverse local anesthetic reactions: the use of the skin test
Authors: BURGESS JOHN O. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis article describes the treatment of a patient with a history of a hypersensitivity reaction to Xylocaine with bupivacaine. The adverse reaction to Xylocaine was further documented by a positive skin test. The skin test using a progressive challenge protocol is described as a means to prevent adverse local anesthetic reaction and to select an appropriate anesthetic.
Curriculum guidelines for the training of general practice residents in treating the patient with special needs
Authors: JOLLY DANIEL E. , MARTIN MICHAEL D. , BRODY HARVEY A. , CLASSMAN PAUL D. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped and the American Association of Hospital Dentists have developed and approved guidelines to train residents in general practice residency programs on dental care for the patient with special needs. These proposed guidelines are intended to prepare the general practice resident to have a broad degree of involvement with the physical, emotional, and psychological issues faced by the patients with mild to severe disabling conditions. Didactic and clinical objectives are presented for 12 content areas of clinical practice.
Management of an ameloblastoma in a patient with Sanfilippo's syndrome
Authors: CHOATE BARRIE BARBER , HYLIN DON L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTDetection and subsequent surgical management of an acanthomatous ameloblastoma is described in a patient with Sanfilippo's syndrome, type A. The literature does not support a correlation of ameloblastoma to the presence of Sanfilippo's syndrome.