bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic design and analysis method of natural ventilation for summer cooling
Authors: Yao R , Steemers K , Baker N 
Published: November 2005

A simplified coupled thermal and airflow model has been developed by integrating the British Standard natural ventilation calculation method for a single zone within a four-node thermal resistance network model, which is called the thermal resistance ventilation model (TRV). By comparison of the results from the TRV with that of the ESP-r program, and subsequently tuning the TRV parameter values, good correlation can be obtained. A two-stage method is proposed for natural ventilation strategic design and analysis. The first stage calculates the constant air rate (CAR) and performs parametric studies in order to propose a design strategy and the appropriate opening area which satisfies thermal comfort. The second stage calculates the dynamic air rate (DAR) and internal temperature and performs analytic studies of the proposed design. An example case has been introduced using this two-stage process. It shows that the method proposed in this paper is simple and straightforward and it is suitable for the strategic design of natural ventilation. Furthermore, it demonstrates how the simplified method can be used to generate detailed and robust comfort data based on both an automatic and a behavioural control model. Practical appilcation: This paper describes a two-stage method to perform parametric and analytic studies of natural ventilation for summer cooling. This method is simple and straightforward, which is suitable for strategic design of natural ventilation. It demonstrates how the simplified method can be used to generate detailed and robust comfort data based on both automatic and behavioural control models.
Factors Affecting Older African American Women's Decisions to Join the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial
Authors: Trauth Jeanette M. , Jernigan Jan C. , Siminoff Laura A. , Musa Donald , Neal-Ferguson Derietra , Weissfeld Joel 
Published: November 2005

Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe the factors associated with the decisions of older African American women to join the PLCO (Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian) Cancer Screening Trial when recruited. Methods African American women between ages 55 and 74 years who were never diagnosed with a PLCO cancer were eligible for our study. Two methods of recruitment were used. First, mailings were sent to a random sample of women describing the PLCO followed by a telephone call to determine interest in the PLCO. If women were not interested in PLCO but consented to participate in our study, they were interviewed immediately. Second, we followed up with African American women who responded to mass mailings sent out before the start of our study by the Pittsburgh PLCO office. Women completed an interview about their cancer and clinical trial knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. The responses of women who joined the PLCO Trial are contrasted with the responses of women who did not join. Results Numerous factors were associated with the decision of older African American women to join the PLCO, including perceptions of cancer prevention and detection, the experience of having a loved one with cancer, knowledge of and experience with clinical trials, and beliefs regarding the benefits and risks of clinical trial participation. Conclusion Minority recruitment to cancer clinical trials could be increased by designing interventions focused on individual, organizational, and community needs.
Early Variations of Circulating Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10 Levels During Thoracic Radiotherapy Are Predictive for Radiation Pneumonitis
Authors: Arpin Dominique , Perol David , Blay Jean-Yves , Falchero Lionel , Claude Line , Vuillermoz-Blas Sylvie , Martel-Lafay Isabelle , Ginestet Chantal , Alberti Laurent , Nosov Dimitri , Etienne-Mastroianni Bénédicte , Cottin Vincent , Perol Maurice , Guerin Jean-Claude , Cordier Jean-François , Carrie Christian 
Published: November 2005

PurposeTo investigate variations of circulating serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) during three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer and correlate these variations with the occurrence of radiation pneumonitis.Patients and MethodsNinety-six patients receiving 3D-CRT for stage I to III disease were evaluated prospectively. Circulating cytokine levels were determined before, every 2 weeks during, and at the end of treatment. Radiation pneumonitis was evaluated prospectively between 6 and 8 weeks after 3D-CRT. The predictive value of clinical, dosimetric, and biologic (cytokine levels) factors was evaluated both in univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsForty patients (44%) experienced score 1 or more radiation pneumonitis. No association was found between baseline cytokine levels and the risk of radiation pneumonitis. In the whole population, mean levels of TNFα, IL-6, and IL-10 remained stable during radiotherapy. IL-6 levels were significantly higher (P = .047) during 3D-CRT in patients with radiation pneumonitis. In the multivariate analysis, covariations of IL-6 and IL-10 levels during the first 2 weeks of 3D-CRT were evidenced as independently predictive of radiation pneumonitis in this series (P = .011).ConclusionEarly variations of circulating IL-6 and IL-10 levels during 3D-CRT are significantly associated with the risk of radiation pneumonitis. Variations of circulating IL-6 and IL-10 levels during 3D-CRT may serve as independent predictive factors for this complication.
Phase III Randomized Trial of Cisplatin Plus Placebo Compared With Cisplatin Plus Cetuximab in Metastatic/Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study
Authors: Burtness Barbara , Goldwasser Meredith A. , Flood William , Mattar Bassam , Forastiere Arlene A. 
Published: November 2005

Purpose Therapy of recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck results in median progression-free survival (PFS) of 2 months. These cancers are rich in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We wished to determine whether the addition of cetuximab, which inhibits activation of EGFR, would improve PFS. Patients and Methods Patients with recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were randomly assigned to receive cisplatin every 4 weeks, with weekly cetuximab (arm A) or placebo (arm B). Tumor tissue was assayed for EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry. The primary end point was PFS. Secondary end points of interest were response rate, toxicity, overall survival, and correlation of EGFR with clinical end points. Results There were 117 analyzable patients enrolled. Median PFS was 2.7 months for arm B and 4.2 months for arm A. The hazard ratio for progression of arm A to arm B was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.54 to 1.12). Median overall survival was 8.0 months for arm B and 9.2 months for arm A (P = .21). The hazard ratio for survival by skin toxicity in cetuximab-treated patients was 0.42 (95% CI, 0.21 to 0.86). Objective response rate was 26% for arm A and 10% for arm B (P = .03). Enhancement of response was greater for patients with EGFR staining present in less than 80% of cells. Conclusion Addition of cetuximab to cisplatin significantly improves response rate. There was a survival advantage for the development of rash. Progression-free and overall survival were not significantly improved by the addition of cetuximab in this study.
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Cancer After Treatment With Bisphosphonates: Incidence and Risk Factors
Authors: Bamias Aristotle , Kastritis Efstathios , Bamia Christina , Moulopoulos Lia A. , Melakopoulos Ioannis , Bozas George , Koutsoukou Vassiliki , Gika Dimitra , Anagnostopoulos Athanasios , Papadimitriou Christos , Terpos Evagelos , Dimopoulos Meletios A. 
Published: November 2005

PurposeOsteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) has been associated recently with the use of pamidronate and zoledronic acid. We studied the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors for the development of ONJ among patients treated with bisphosphonates for bone metastases.Patients and MethodsONJ was assessed prospectively since July 2003. The first bisphosphonate treatment among patients with ONJ was administered in 1997. Two hundred fifty-two patients who received bisphosphonates since January 1997 were included in this analysis.ResultsSeventeen patients (6.7%) developed ONJ: 11 of 111 (9.9%) with multiple myeloma, two of 70 (2.9%) with breast cancer, three of 46 (6.5%) with prostate cancer, and one of 25 (4%) with other neoplasms (P = .289). The median number of treatment cycles and time of exposure to bisphosphonates were 35 infusions and 39.3 months for patients with ONJ compared with 15 infusions (P < .001) and 19 months (P = .001), respectively, for patients with no ONJ. The incidence of ONJ increased with time to exposure from 1.5% among patients treated for 4 to 12 months to 7.7% for treatment of 37 to 48 months. The cumulative hazard was significantly higher with zoledronic acid compared with pamidronate alone or pamidronate and zoledronic acid sequentially (P < .001). All but two patients with ONJ had a history of dental procedures within the last year or use of dentures.ConclusionThe use of bisphosphonates seems to be associated with the development of ONJ. Length of exposure seems to be the most important risk factor for this complication. The type of bisphosphonate may play a role and previous dental procedures may be a precipitating factor.
Colon Cancer Survival Is Associated With Decreasing Ratio of Metastatic to Examined Lymph Nodes
Authors: Berger Adam C. , Sigurdson Elin R. , LeVoyer Thomas , Hanlon Alexandra , Mayer Robert J. , Macdonald John S. , Catalano Paul J. , Haller Daniel G. 
Published: November 2005

PurposeColorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, with poor survival predicted by regional lymph node (LN) metastasis. The impact of LN ratio (LNR) on survival is unknown in this disease.Patients and MethodsWe analyzed data from Intergroup trial 0089 of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III patients with colon cancer, in which all patients received fluorouracil-based therapy. Survival was similar for all arms of the study, allowing us to evaluate all patients together. End points included overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Multivariate analyses were performed on all patients and on groups according to LNR quartiles (LNR: < 0.05, 0.05 to 0.19, 0.2 to 0.39, and 0.4 to 1.0). Covariates included in the models were age, sex, tumor stage, grade, histology, number of positive LNs, number of LNs removed, and LNR.ResultsThe median age was 63.7 years, and the median number of LNs removed was 11. In the multivariate analysis, LNR was a significant factor for OS, DFS, and CSS in patients with 10 to 15 LN and more than 15 LN removed but not for patients with less than 10 LN removed. Using quartiles, LNR maintained its significance for all three end points when patients were grouped by node status.ConclusionAfter curative resection for colorectal cancer, the LNR is an important prognostic factor and should be used in stratification schemes for future clinical trials investigating adjuvant treatments.
Limits on the Penetration of Coiled Tubing in Horizontal Oil Wells: Effect of the Pipe Geometry
Authors: McCourt I , Kubie J 
Published: November 2005

To carry out remedial work in oil wells through the production tubing string, a method using a continuous length of steel coiled tubing is used. In horizontal wells substantial friction forces are generated which resist the motion of the tubing as it is pushed into the well. As the penetration increases, the friction forces arising from the contact of the tubing with the inner casing wall increase too, and the tubing buckles. The buckling is initially sinusoidal but eventually transforms into helical. At this point the force required to push the tubing rises dramatically, and the maximum penetration is then rapidly reached. Considerable economic benefits could be gained if the limits on the maximum penetration of coiled tubing in horizontal oil wells could be increased. This article discusses ways of increasing the penetration of coiled tubing in horizontal oil wells by managing the geometry of the coiled tubing. It is shown that the best strategy is to keep the external diameter of the coiled tubing constant, and to make up the coiled tubing from several sections, each with uniform, but increased wall thickness. It is shown that with two sections the maximum penetration can be increased by about half, and that with three sections the maximum penetration can be increased by about two-thirds.
State-of-the-art production processes for convoluted, corrosion-resistant, high-pressure oilfield pipework
Authors: Collie G. J. , Black I 
Published: November 2005

Currently, there are two widely used methods for manufacturing corrosion-resistant, high-pressure pipework for oilfield applications: fabrication of the pipework from several, separate overlaid components joined by welding, or by combining fabrication and induction bending. The former is expensive and time consuming. The latter is less expensive but there are restrictions on the bend radii that can be achieved. This paper considers a range of possible alternatives in the production of complex, corrosionresistant, high-pressure piping systems for oilfield equipment. Some of the options (hot-rolled and seam-welded pipe, explosion-bonded and seam-welded pipe, and bi-metallic extrusions) result in an end product that is broadly comparable with that produced by fabrication. Others (epoxy coating, shape memory polymer, preformed plastic liner, cured-in-place plastic liner, and liquid coating) do not provide a metallic coating but are used in similar applications in different industries. Finally, there are technologies (such as plating, hot isostatic pressing, ceramic lining, and vapour deposition) that are proven processes but have no current application that may be considered directly relevant to high-pressure piping systems. One new concept under development by the authors is introduced - the use of a thin-walled liner manufactured from a corrosion resistant alloy, and expanded into a prebent carbon steel pipe.
Enhanced Reductive Elimination of Dialkylgold(III) Complexes in Water
Authors: Komine Nobuyuki , Ichikawa Kaoru , Mori Anna , Hirano Masafumi , Komiya Sanshiro 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Neutral and cationic dimethyl- or diethylgold(III) complexes having a water-soluble phosphine ligand, AuR2XL and [AuR2L2]X (R = Me or Et; X = Br or I; L = TPPTS, TPPMS, THMP, or DHMPE), are prepared. Reductive elimination involving C–C bond formation at Au(III) in water is faster than those in organic solvents.
Economic drug discovery and rational medicinal chemistry for tropical diseases
Authors: Chibale Kelly 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
In order to fulfill research objectives around target-based drug discovery in the field of anti-infective agents that are prevalent mainly in poor Third World countries, selection of biological and chemical targets is guided by economic drug discovery and rational medicinal chemistry. Selection of biological targets of therapeutic relevance in multiple disease-causing organisms, as well as the use of natural products and existing drugs as chemical scaffolds for the discovery and design of novel therapeutics should be viable strategies underpinning drug discovery research in poor Third World countries. In this regard, biological targets of interest to our program include disulfide reductases and cysteine proteases (CPs), while chemical scaffolds include existing antimalarial agents and natural products.
Nonspecific sensor arrays ("electronic tongue") for chemical analysis of liquids (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Vlasov Yu. , Legin A. , Rudnitskaya A. , Di Natale C. , D'Amico A. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
The history of the development of potentiometric sensors over the past century demonstrates progress in constructing single, discrete (i.e., separate, to distinguish from sensor arrays) ion sensors, which have been made as selective as possible. Only a few types reveal high selectivity. However, easy measurement procedure, with low cost and availability, give rise to the search for new ways for their successful application. The present document describes a new concept for application of potentiometric multisensor systems, viz., sensor arrays for solution analysis, and the performance of this new analytical tool - the "electronic tongue". The electronic tongue is a multisensor system, which consists of a number of low-selective sensors and uses advanced mathematical procedures for signal processing based on the pattern recognition (PARC) and/or multivariate analysis [artificial neural networks (ANNs), principal component analysis (PCA), etc.]. Definitions of the multisensor systems and their parameters are suggested. Results from the application of the electronic tongue, both for quantitative and qualitative analysis of different mineral water and wine samples, are presented and discussed.
SELDI-TOF-MS proteomics of breast cancer
Authors: Clarke Charlotte H. , Buckley Julie A. , Fung Eric T. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe detection, diagnosis, and management of breast cancer rely on an integrated approach using clinical history, physical examination, imaging, and histopathology. The discovery and validation of novel biomarkers will aid the physician in more effectively achieving this integration. This review discusses efforts in surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI)-based proteomics to address various clinical questions surrounding breast cancer, including diagnosis, monitoring, and stratification for treatment. Emphasis is placed on examining how study design and execution influence the discovery and validation process, which is critical to the proper development of potential clinical tests.
Glycogen phosphorylase BB in acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Peetz Dirk , Post Felix , Schinzel Helmut , Schweigert Rosemarie , Schollmayer Caroline , Steinbach Katrin , Dati Francesco , Noll Franz , Lackner Karl J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe diagnosis of myocardial damage is preferably based on measurement of the cardiac-specific troponins. However, there is an emerging need for early, specific cardiac markers. One potential candidate is the glycogen phosphorylase BB isoenzyme (GPBB). We investigated the use of a new, commercially available GPBB ELISA assay in 61 patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome (37 acute myocardial infarction, 24 unstable angina pectoris) in comparison to established cardiac markers such as troponin T, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CKMB) mass, and myoglobin. Blood samples were obtained on arrival, as well as 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12 and 24h later. GPBB plasma concentrations were elevated in 90.9% of patients 1h after onset of chest pain and increased to 100% at 4–5h. Within the first 6h, GPBB showed the highest sensitivity (95.5–100%) and high specificity (94–96%) compared to myoglobin (85–95% sensitivity) and CKMB mass (71.4–91.3% sensitivity). As expected, troponin T showed high specificity (100%) and sensitivity >95% later in the time course (≥3h). In un-stable angina pectoris patients, a very high rate of elevated GPBB was observed (93.9% at 3h) compared to myoglobin (66.7%). Cardiac troponin T and CKMB were only elevated in 33.8% and 55.0% of these patients, respectively. In conclusion, GPBB is a promising marker for the early diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes and could probably act as a marker of ischemia. However, further studies on specificity and development of a fast, automated assay are necessary before GPBB can be recommended as a routine diagnostic tool.
Glycemic control in diabetes in three Danish counties
Authors: Jørgensen Lone G. M. , Petersen Per Hyltoft , Heickendorff Lene , Møller Holger Jon , Hendel Jørn , Christensen Cramer , Schmitz Anita , Reinholdt Birgitte , Lund Erik D. , Christensen Niels J. , Hansen Erik Kjærsgaard , Hastrup Jens , Skjødt Hanne , Eriksen Ebbe Wendel , Brandslund Ivan 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackground: Hemoglobin A1c (HbAMethods: We studied 2454 patients from a population of 807,000 inhabitants for whom routine monitoring of diabetes using HbAResults: The age-standardized incidence of monitored patients was <0.5% in all regions. Patients with diabetic first HbAConclusion: Patients with diabetic first HbA
The effect of thyroid antibody positivity on reference intervals for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) in an aged population
Authors: Eskelinen Seija , Suominen Pauli , Vahlberg Tero , Löppönen Minna , Isoaho Raimo , Kivelä Sirkka-Liisa , Irjala Kerttu 
Published: November 2005

AbstractOur aims were: 1) to analyze the effect of the methodology used to derive clinically feasible cut-off values for thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), which exhibit highly skewed distributions; and 2) to describe the influence of thyroid antibodies on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT
Sensitive immunoassays for the autoantibodies reacting against citrullinated carboxy-terminal telopeptides of type I and type II collagens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Koivula Marja-Kaisa , Ramberg Jarmo , Åman Sari , Karjalainen Anna , Hakala Markku , Risteli Juha 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe developed sensitive assay methods for autoantibodies recognizing the citrullinated synthetic peptides derived from type I and type II collagens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These peptides were tested with the chemiluminescence method (Nichols Advantage
Magnetic resonance guided adaptive post prostatectomy radiotherapy: Accumulated dose comparison of different workflows
Authors: Hassan Sean P. , de Leon Jeremiah , Batumalai Vikneswary , Moutrie Zoe , Hogan Louise , Ge Yuanyuan , Stricker Phillip , Jameson Michael G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the use of magnetic resonance guided adaptive radiotherapy (MRgART) in the post‐prostatectomy setting; comparing dose accumulation for our initial seven patients treated with fully adaptive workflow on the Unity MR‐Linac (MRL) and with non‐adaptive plans generated offline. Additionally, we analyzed toxicity in patients receiving treatment.MethodsSeven patients were treated with MRgART. The prescription was 70–72 Gy in 35–36 fractions. Patients were treated with an adapt to shape (ATS) technique. For each clinically delivered plan, a non‐adaptive plan based upon the reference plan was generated and compared to the associated clinically delivered plan. A total of 468 plans were analyzed. Concordance Index of target and Organs at Risk (OARs) for each fraction with reference contours was analyzed. Acute toxicity was then assessed at six‐months following completion of treatment with Common Terminology for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Toxicity Criteria.ResultsA total of 246 fractions were clinically delivered to seven patients; 234 fractions were delivered via MRgART and 12 fractions delivered via a traditional linear accelerator due to machine issues. Pre‐treatment reference plans met CTV and OAR criteria. PTV coverage satisfaction was higher in the clinically delivered adaptive plans than non‐adaptive comparison plans; 42.93% versus 7.27% respectively. Six‐month CTCAE genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity was absent in most patients, and mild‐to‐moderate in a minority of patients (Grade 1 GU toxicity in one patient and Grade 2 GI toxicity in one patient).ConclusionsDaily MRgART treatment consistently met planning criteria. Target volume variability in prostate bed treatment can be mitigated by using MRgART and deliver satisfactory coverage of CTV whilst minimizing dose to adjacent OARs and reducing toxicity