bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convex—Convex and Concave—Convex Interactions Between C60 and Non‐Planar Aromatic Subphthalocyanine Macrocycle in Both Covalent and Supramolecular Arrays
Authors: Claessens Christian G. , Gonzalez‐Rodriguez David , Iglesias Rodrigo S. , Torres T. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Baylis—Hillman Reaction: Use of Novel Chiral Aldehydes as Electrophiles, Chiral Base Catalysts and Auxiliaries
Authors: Krishna Palakodety Radha , Sharma G. V. M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Secondary Amides as Orthodirected Metalation Groups for Arenes — A Useful Construction Way of the Polysubstituted Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Systems
Authors: Epsztajn Jan , Jozwiak Andrzej , Szczesniak Aleksandra K. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solid Base Catalysts in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Figueras Francois , Kantam Mannepalli Lakshmi , Choudary Boyapati Manoranjan 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Developments in the Chiral Synthesis of Homoallylic Amines via Organoboranes
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Burghardt Thomas E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Physical Chemistry of Protein Folding: Experiments and Theories
Authors: Yeh Yu‐Lin , Liang Kuo Kan , Chang C. H. , Shiu YingJen , Su Charlene , Hayashi Michitoshi , Yang G. , Yuan J. M. , Chyan C. L. , Jang Soonmin , et al. et al. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lipidated Ras and Rab Peptides and Proteins — Synthesis, Structure, and Function
Authors: Brunsveld Luc , Kuhlmann Juergen , Alexandrov Kirill , Wittinghofer Alfred , Goody Roger S. , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microreactors as Tools for Synthetic Chemists — The Chemists′ Round‐Bottomed Flask of the 21st Century?
Authors: Geyer Karolin , Codee Jeroen D. C. , Seeberger Peter H. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High Throughput Experimentation in Oxidation Catalysis: Higher Integration and “Intelligent” Software
Authors: Schueth F. , Baumes L. , Clerc F. , Demuth D. , Farrusseng D. , Llamas‐Galilea J. , Klanner C. , Klein J. , Martinez‐Joaristi A. , Procelewska J. , et al. et al. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highlights on the Development of A2A Adenosine Receptor Agonists and Antagonists
Authors: Cristalli Gloria , Cacciari Barbara , Dal Ben Diego , Lambertucci Catia , Moro Stefano , Spalluto Giampiero , Volpini Rosaria 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAlthough significant progress has been made in the past few decades demonstrating that adenosine modulates a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes through the interaction with four subtypes of a family of cell‐surface G‐protein‐coupled receptors, clinical evaluation of some adenosine receptor ligands has been discontinued. Major problems include side effects due to the wide distribution of adenosine receptors, low brain penetration (which is important for the targeting of CNS diseases), short half‐life of compounds, or a lack of effects, in some cases perhaps due to receptor desensitization or to low receptor density in the targeted tissue. Currently, three A2A adenosine receptor agonists have begun phase III studies. Two of them are therapeutically evaluated as pharmacologic stress agents and the third proved to be effective in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury (SCI), while avoiding the adverse effects of steroid agents. On the other hand, the great interest in the field of A2A adenosine receptor antagonists is related to their application in neurodegenerative disorders, in particular, Parkinson’s disease, and some of them are currently in various stages of evaluation. This review presents an update of medicinal chemistry and molecular recognition of A2A adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists, and stresses the strong need for more selective ligands at the A2A human subtype.
Chemoarchitecture of the middle temporal visual area in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus): Laminar distribution of calcium‐binding proteins (calbindin, parvalbumin) and nonphosphorylated neurofilament
Authors: Bourne James A. , Warner Claire E. , Upton Daniel J. , Rosa Marcello G.P. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe studied the distributions of interneurons containing the calcium‐binding proteins parvalbumin and calbindin D‐28k, as well as that of pyramidal neurons containing nonphosphorylated neurofilament (NNF), in the middle temporal visual area (MT) of marmoset monkeys. The distributions of these classes of cells in MT are distinct from those found in adjacent areas. Similar to the primary visual area (V1), in MT, calbindin‐immunopositive neurons can be objectively classified into “dark” and “light” subtypes based on optical density of stained cell bodies. Calbindin‐positive dark neurons are particularly concentrated in layers 2 and 3, whereas light neurons have a more widespread distribution. In addition, a subcategory of calbindin‐positive dark neuron, characterized by a “halo” of stained processes surrounding the cell body, is found within and around layer 4 of MT and V1. These cells are rare in most other visual areas. In comparison, parvalbumin‐immunopositive cells in area MT have a relatively homogeneous distribution, although with a trend toward higher spatial density in lower layer 3, and are relatively uniform in terms of density of staining. Finally, MT shows a characteristic trilaminar distribution of NNF‐immunopositive pyramidal cells, with stained cell bodies evident in layers 3, 5, and 6. Although the laminar distribution of cells stained for the three markers overlap to some extent, these subcategories can be readily distinguished in terms of morphology, including cell body size. Chemoarchitectural parallels observed between MT and V1 suggest comparable physiological requirements and neuronal circuitry. J. Comp. Neurol. 500:832–849, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization and comparative analysis of acid‐sensing ion channel (ASIC1, 2, and 3) mRNA expression in mouse colonic sensory neurons within thoracolumbar dorsal root ganglia
Authors: Hughes Patrick A. , Brierley Stuart M. , Young Richard L. , Blackshaw L. Ashley 
Published: December 2006

AbstractReducing colonic mechanosensitivity is an important potential strategy for reducing visceral pain. Mice lacking acid‐sensing ion channels (ASIC) 1, 2, and 3 show altered colonic mechanosensory function, implicating ASICs in the mechanotransduction process. Deletion of ASICs affects mechanotransduction in visceral and cutaneous afferents differently, suggesting differential expression. We determined relative expression of ASIC1, 2, and 3 in mouse thoracolumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) by quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis (QPCR) and specifically in retrogradely traced colonic neurons isolated via laser capture microdissection. Localization of ASIC expression in DRG was determined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and retrograde tracing. QPCR of whole thoracolumbar DRG revealed and abundance of ASIC2 > ASIC1 > ASIC3. Similarly, FISH of all neurons in thoracolumbar DRG demonstrated that ASIC2 was expressed in the most (40 ± 1%) neurons, followed by ASIC3 (24 ± 1%), then ASIC1 (18 ± 1%). Retrograde tracing from the distal colon labeled 4 ± 1% of neurons in T10‐L1 DRG. In contrast to whole DRG, FISH of colonic neurons showed ASIC3 expression in 73 ± 2%, ASIC2 in 47 ± 0.5%, and ASIC1 in 30 ± 2%. QPCR of laser captured colonic neurons revealed that ASIC3 was the most abundant ASIC transcript, followed by ASIC1, then ASIC2. We conclude that ASIC1, 2, and 3 are expressed preferentially in colonic neurons within thoracolumbar DRG. In particular ASIC3, the least abundant in the general population, is the most abundant ASIC transcript in colonic neurons. The prevalence of ASIC3 in neurons innervating the colon supports electrophysiological data showing that it makes a major contribution to colonic mechanotransduction and therefore may be a target for the treatment of visceral pain. J. Comp. Neurol. 500:863–875, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Online workbenches for neural network connections
Authors: Bota Mihail , Swanson Larry W. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe nervous system is the most complex object we know of. It is a spatially distributed, functionally differentiated network formed by axonal connections between defined neuron populations and effector cells. Computer science provides exciting new tools for archiving, analyzing, synthesizing, and modeling on the Web vast amounts of frequently conflicting and incomplete qualitative and quantitative data about the organization and molecular mechanisms of neural networks. To optimize conceptual advances in systems neuroscience, it is important for the research and publishing communities to embrace three exercises: using defined nomenclatures; populating databases; and providing feedback to developers about improved design, performance, and functionality of knowledge management systems and associated visualization tools. J. Comp. Neurol. 500:807–814, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sex differences in projections from preoptic area aromatase cells to the periaqueductal gray in Japanese quail
Authors: Carere Claudio , Ball Gregory F. , Balthazart Jacques 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn many vertebrate species the medial preoptic area projects to a premotor nucleus, the periaqueductal central gray (PAG). This connection plays an important role in the control of reproductive behavior. In male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) specifically, the medial preoptic nucleus (POM), where various types of sensory inputs converge, is a critical site for the activational action of testosterone on male sexual behavior. To activate male copulatory behavior, testosterone must be aromatized to estradiol within the POM and aromatase‐immunoreactive cells in the POM are the main source of projections to the PAG. The POM–PAG connection is thus an important functional circuit integrating the sensory with premotor components of sexual behavior. Contrary to what is observed in males, testosterone does not activate male‐typical copulatory behavior in females and we investigated here via retrograde tracing methods whether this behavioral sexual difference is associated with a sex difference in connectivity between POM and PAG. Fluorescent microspheres were injected in the PAG of male and female quail and retrogradely labeled fluorescent cells counted in four fields of the POM in sections that had been immunolabeled for aromatase. Males had more aromatase‐immunoreactive neurons projecting to the PAG than females and this difference was most prominent in the caudolateral part of the nucleus that has been specifically implicated in the control of male copulatory behavior. These data therefore support the hypothesis that sex differences in POM–PAG connectivity are causally linked to the sex difference in the behavioral response to testosterone. J. Comp. Neurol. 500:894–907, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional activation of glutamate ionotropic receptors in the developing mouse retina
Authors: Acosta Monica L. , Chua Jacqueline , Kalloniatis Michael 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIonotropic glutamate receptors have been associated with early development of the visual process by regulating cell differentiation, cell motility, and synaptic contacts. We determined the expression of functional ionotropic glutamate receptors during development of the mouse retina by assessing 1‐amino‐4‐guanidobutane (agmatine; AGB) immunolabelling after application of a range of glutamate analogs. Colocalization of AGB with calretinin and islet‐1 allowed the identification of functional receptors in neurochemically defined neurons. Activation with kainate (KA), α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) resulted in AGB entry into neurons consistent with that found previous receptor subunit localization studies in the developing retina. Temporal analysis revealed that application of 50 μM KA activated receptors as early as embryonic day 18 in the ventricular zone and in the ganglion cell layer, whereas 30 μM AMPA activated cells predominantly in the ganglion cell layer. Cholinergic amacrine cells showed functional KA and AMPA receptors upon their insertion into the conventional amacrine cell layer from postnatal day 1 (P1). OFF cone bipolar cells showed functional KA receptors from P6, at a developmental age when they are known to make contact with ganglion cells. NMDA activation led to diffuse AGB labeling at birth among cells in the ganglion cell layer, whereas, at P1, regularly spaced cholinergic amacrine cells in the conventional amacrine cell layer started to be responsive to NMDA. Non‐NMDA receptors were first to show functional activation in the developing retina, and cholinergic amacrine cells displayed functional ionotropic glutamate receptors after reaching their final destination. J. Comp. Neurol. 500:923–941, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo imaging of growth cone and filopodial dynamics: Evidence for contact‐mediated retraction of filopodia leading to the tiling of sibling processes
Authors: Baker Michael W. , Macagno Eduardo R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn the leech embryo, the peripheral comb cell (CC) sends out many nonoverlapping, growth cone‐tipped processes that grow in parallel and serve as a scaffold for the migrating myocytes of the later‐developing oblique muscle layer. To explore how the parallel arrangement is generated we first examined the arrangement of CC cytoskeletal components by expressing a tubulin‐binding protein and actin, both tagged with fluorescent reporters. This revealed that the growth cones were compartmentalized into F‐actin‐rich filopodia and a microtubule‐rich central region. Time‐lapse analysis with a 2‐photon laser scanning microscope revealed that the growth cones of the CC are highly dynamic, undergoing rapid filopodial extension and retraction. Measurements of filopodial lifespan and length revealed that most filopodia at the leading edge of the growth cone achieved significantly longer lifespans and length than lateral filopodia. Furthermore, for the short‐lived lateral filopodia, apparent interaction with a neighboring process was found to be a significant predictor of their nearly immediate (within 2–4 minutes) retraction. When contact was experimentally prevented by ablating individual CCs, the filopodia from the growth cones of adjacent segmental neighbors were found to be significantly lengthened in the direction of the removed homolog. Treatment with low doses of cytochalasin D to disrupt F‐actin assembly led to filopodial retraction and growth cone collapse and resulted in the bifurcation of many CC processes, numerous crossover errors, and the loss of parallelism. These findings indicate the existence of a contact‐mediated repulsive interaction between processes of the CC. J. Comp. Neurol. 500:850–862, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computation of the logarithm of Bessel functions of complex argument and fractional order
Authors: Rothwell E. J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAlgorithms for computing the logarithm of Bessel functions of complex argument and fractional order are presented. These algorithms will be useful when direct evaluation of the Bessel function causes computer overflow or underflow. Several numerical results are presented, and an example of electromagnetic scattering by a conducting wedge is given. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A user reputation model for a user‐interactive question answering system
Authors: Chen Wei , Zeng Qingtian , Wenyin Liu , Hao Tianyong 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a user reputation model and apply it to a user‐interactive question answering system. It combines the social network analysis approach and the user rating approach. Social network analysis is applied to analyze the impact of participant users' relations to their reputations. User rating is used to acquire direct judgment of a user's reputation based on other users' experiences with this user. Preliminary experiments show that the computed reputations based on our proposed reputation model can reflect the actual reputations of the simulated roles and therefore can fit in well with our user‐interactive question answering system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MS‐Analyzer: preprocessing and data mining services for proteomics applications on the Grid
Authors: Cannataro Mario , Veltri Pierangelo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMass spectrometry proteomics data contain much information about cell functions and disease conditions. The discovery of such information is enabled by the combined use of novel bioinformatics tools and data mining techniques requiring the integration of huge data sources and the composition of different software tools. The main phases of such emerging applications comprise the loading, management, preprocessing, mining, and visualization of spectra, as well as the analysis of discovered knowledge models. The collection, storage, and analysis of spectra produced in different laboratories can make use of the services of computational Grids, which offer efficient data transfer primitives, effective management of large data stores, and large computing power. In this paper we present MS‐Analyzer, a Grid‐based software platform for the integrated management and analysis of spectra data. MS‐Analyzer provides efficient spectra management through a specialized spectra database, and supports the semantic composition of spectra preprocessing services and data mining services to analyze spectra on the Grid. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed end‐host multicast algorithms for the Knowledge Grid
Authors: Tu Wanqing , Muppala Jogesh K. , Zhuge Hai 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe Knowledge Grid built on top of the peer‐to‐peer (P2P) network has been studied to implement scalable, available and sematic‐based querying. In order to improve the efficiency and scalability of querying, this paper studies the problem of multicasting queries in the Knowledge Grid. An m‐dimensional irregular mesh is a popular overlay topology of P2P networks. We present a set of novel distributed algorithms on top of an m‐dimensional irregular mesh overlay for the short delay and low network resource consumption end‐host multicast services. Our end‐host multicast fully utilizes the advantages of an m‐dimensional mesh to construct a two‐layer architecture. Compared to previous approaches, the novelty and contribution here are: (1) cluster formation that partitions the group members into clusters in the lower layer where cluster consists of a small number of members; (2) cluster core selection that searches a core with the minimum sum of overlay hops to all other cluster members for each cluster; (3) weighted shortest path tree construction that guarantees the minimum number of shortest paths to be occupied by the multicast traffic; (4) distributed multicast routing that directs the multicast messages to be efficiently distributed along the two‐layer multicast architecture in parallel, without a global control; the routing scheme enables the packets to be transmitted to the remote end hosts within short delays through some common shortest paths; and (5) multicast path maintenance that restores the normal communication once the membership alteration appears. Simulation results show that our end‐host multicast can distributively achieve a shorter delay and lower network resource consumption multicast services as compared with some well‐known end‐host multicast systems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geometric H/D Isotope Effects and Cooperativity of the Hydrogen Bonds in Porphycene
Authors: Shibl Mohamed F. , Pietrzak Mariusz , Limbach Hans‐Heinrich , Kühn Oliver 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe investigate the primary, secondary, and vicinal hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) isotope effects on the geometry of the two intramolecular hydrogen bonds in porphycene. Multidimensional potential energy surfaces describing the anharmonic motion in the vicinity of the trans isomer are calculated for the different symmetric (HH/DD) and asymmetric (HD) isotopomers. From the solution of the nuclear Schrödinger equation the ground‐state wavefunction is obtained, which is further used to determine the quantum corrections to the classical equilibrium geometries of the hydrogen bonds and thus the geometric isotope effects. In particular, it is found that the hydrogen bonds are cooperative, that is, both expand simultaneously even in the case of an asymmetric isotopic substitution. The theoretical predictions compare favorably with NMR chemical‐shift data.
Thermodynamics of the Decomposition Processes of Donor–Acceptor Complexes MX3⋅en⋅MX3 and MX3⋅en
Authors: Trinh Cong , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Frenking Gernot 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe structural and thermodynamic properties of the donor–acceptor (DA) complexes of Group 13 metal halides (MX3) with ethylenediamine and their decomposition products have been studied theoretically at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ(d,p) level of theory. Gas‐phase dissociation into various components and HX elimination reactions are considered. Both processes are endothermic but favored by entropy. Complexes of 2:1 composition are predicted to be stable in the gas phase up to 640–1000 K. It is found that complexation with the second acceptor molecule lowers the HX elimination enthalpy; in turn, HX elimination increases DA bonding with a second MX3 molecule. Exceptionally high values of the dissociation enthalpies (310–390 kJ mol−1) and HX elimination reactions (360–420 kJ mol−1) of the amido compounds MX2NHC2H4NH2 and MX2NHC2H4NHMX2 make them important intermediates in the decomposition processes. Dissociation reactions of the complexes are more favorable than HX elimination reactions; however, the subsequent oligomerization and cyclization processes of coordinationally unsaturated amido and imido compounds may facilitate HX elimination. Since HI elimination reactions are predicted to be the least endothermic, and aluminum‐containing compounds have the strongest M–N dissociation enthalpies, it is expected that compounds based on aluminum iodide are promising objects for experimental studies.