bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skull base mapping
Authors: Wiet Richard J. , Kazan Robert , Sacy George 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEarly experience with medium to large tumors of the temporal region has re‐emphasized the value of radiologic preoperative plotting of these space occupying lesions in the sagittal, coronal, and horizontal planes. Attention to probable pathology, neurovascular structures and patient's medical status has been important in determining resectability.A standard format of the interior and exterior of the skull base and cervical spine has been employed to map these lesions. Such devices have been used by otolaryngologists in the past to depict laryngeal lesions; and provide for the skull base surgeon a common base of comparison of tumor size, chart documentation, and a means to facilitate communication among other specialists.Experience with 36 cases of skull base tumors seen since July 1979 has emphasized the occult manner in which these lesions may present.
Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the nasal cavity: Report of a case and a review of the literature
Authors: Rubinstein Mark I. , Drake Amelia F. , Mcclatchey Kenneth D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA case of alveolar soft part sarcoma of the nasal cavity is presented. Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm, which often affects females (ratio 2 to 1) in their second decade. It occurs most frequently in the extremities, with an unusual predilection to involve the right side of the body. Excluding the orbit, only a few cases have been reported in the head and neck area. We present the first reported case of alveolar soft part sarcoma limited to the nasal chamber.
An Objective, noninvasive method for the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders
Authors: Westerman S. Thomas , Golz Avishay , Gilbert Liane , Joachims Henry Z. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn objective, noninvasive method for the diagnosis and monitoring of pathology referable to the temporomandibular joint is presented.A computerized temporomandibular joint analyzer was developed to obtain data from the patient's temporomandibular joint area to provide an objective record of clinical symptoms and signs. This data, used in conjunction with a complete history and physical examination, aids in the diagnosis and decision‐making process for therapy.Fifty patients with temporomandibular complaints were evaluated. Diagnoses made using the temporomandibular joint analyzer in conjunction with complete histories and physical examinations were confirmed in 81% of the patients by further examinations with x‐ray studies, computed tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging, and ar‐throscopy.Patients' progress during treatment was monitored using the temporomandibular joint analyzer. Results of the temporomandibular joint analyzer were compatible with patients' progress as reported subjectively and with clinical evaluation in 97% of the cases.The temporomandibular joint analyzer can be used to reduce time and expense as well as to minimize the discomfort involved in the evaluation of temporomandibular joint disorders.
Ultrasonography and ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of head and neck lesions: A surgical perspective
Authors: Mcivor Nicholas P. , Freeman Jeremy L. , Salem Shia , Elden Lisa , Noyek Arnold M. , Bedard Yvan C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA head and neck ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration clinic was set up to determine the role of ultrasound and ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration in the evaluation of patients with lesions in this region. One hundred ninety‐five lesions were biopsied by ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration in 203 patients. Ultrasound detected 2 or more lesions in 14 (48%) of 29 patients with a clinically solitary thyroid nodule. Three (8.8%) of 34 lesions thought to be within the parotid gland were determined to be external. A pronounced learning curve was evident in the technique of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration, particularly for nonpalpable disease. Adequacy of sampling for each 3‐month period was 71%, 89%, and 94%, respectively. Seventy‐four percent of central aspirations were satisfactory compared to 54% of peripheral aspirations. Ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration did not alter the clinical staging of metastatic neck disease in 8 patients having 10 neck dissections but proved useful in detecting nodal recurrence in 3 irradiated necks that did not proceed to surgery. The smallest node to harbor malignancy had 4‐mm maximal axial diameter. We conclude that ultrasound and ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration are valuable adjuncts to the clinical examination.
A Four‐drug pain regimen for head and neck cancers
Authors: Carrol Edward N. , Fine Edward , Ruff Robert L. , Stepnick David 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwenty patients with end‐stage head and neck cancer, unresponsive to either acetaminophen with codeine or oxycodone hydrochloride, were placed on a four‐drug analgesic regimen consisting of methadone hydrochloride, Trilisate® or acetaminophen, a tricyclic antidepressant, and, in most cases, hydroxyzine. All drugs could be delivered through a feeding tube, making this regimen appropriate for dysphagic patients. The efficacy of this nonparenteral regimen was assessed by structured pretreatment and post‐treatment interviews that addressed pain intensity, activity, and sleep levels. All of the patients showed improvement in their pain levels and 16 of the 20 had a >50% improvement in all of their pain ratings (P<.01) that persisted until death (2 to 10 months later). Excellent results and ease of administration make this regimen a good choice for analgesia in terminal patients.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma: Correlations between prognosis, age, and clinicopathological and histomorphological findings
Authors: Godballe Christian , Asschenfeldt Pia , Sørensen Jens Ahm , Sørensen Mogens Worsøe , Jørgensen Karsten 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe age influence on the prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma was analyzed in a group of 67 patients. A marked decline in cause‐specific survival was found for patients older than 60 years of age at the time of diagnosis. In order to find a tumor‐biological explanation of the prognostic difference between patients below and above 60 years of age, several clinicopathological and histomorphological features were analyzed. Tumors from patients older than 60 years of age showed significantly more mitotic activity and nuclear polymorphism, fewer psammoma bodies, and more frequent extrathyroidal invasion and distant metastases. The results indicate that 60 years of age the time of diagnosis may be the “prognostic break‐point” for papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Human papillomavirus and normal nasal mucosa: Detection of human papillomavirus dna in normal nasal mucosa biopsies by polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization
Authors: Buchwald Christian , Franzmann Maria‐Benedicte , Jacobsen Grete Krag , Lindeberg Henning 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo determine a possible etiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in sinonasal papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas, it is necessary to investigate normal nasal mucosa of healthy persons for the presence of HPV. The material in the present study consists of 21 biopsies taken from the inferior concha of 21 otherwise healthy persons who underwent surgery for nose fractures or nasoseptal deviations. In addition, five inferior conchae were obtained from persons who had died of non‐neoplastic diseases. HPV was not detected in any of these specimens, either by polymerase chain reaction or by in situ hybridization. Histologic evaluation showed that squamous metaplasia was a common finding in the biopsies. The presence of HPV in sinonasal papillomas and carcinomas may indicate that HPV is an etiological factor in these lesions.
Parity and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Nicholson Wanda K. , Asao Keiko , Brancati Frederick , Coresh Josef , Pankow James S. , Powe Neil R. 
Published: October 2006

OBJECTIVE—While high parity is hypothesized to be associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, few studies have examined this association in diverse racial samples or geographical areas. Our objectives were to estimate the magnitude of association between parity and diabetes and to determine if higher parity is predictive of future risk of diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a population-based, prospective cohort study of 7,024 Caucasian and African-American women from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, a prospective epidemiological study of men and women aged 45–64 years, with 9 years of follow-up. Incident diabetes was defined by the 1997 American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. Parity was defined as the number of live births (no live births [nulliparity], one to two live births, three to four live births, and five or more live births [grandmultiparity]). Parity and risk of diabetes was estimated for 754 incident cases of diabetes with Cox proportional hazard regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors and inflammatory markers.
RESULTS—Incidence rates were highest among women with five or more live births (23/1,000 person-years [95% CI 20.3–26.7]) and lowest among women with one to two live births (11/1,000 person-years [9.6–12.5]). Adjustment indicated that much of the risk was due to sociodemographic factors and higher obesity, but after adjustment for all covariates, grandmultiparity (five or more) was still associated with a 27% increased risk for diabetes (hazard ratio 1.27 [95% CI 1.02–1.57]).
CONCLUSIONS—Grandmultiparity is predictive of future risk of diabetes after adjustment for confounders.
Durability of Insulin Pump Use in Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Wood Jamie R. , Moreland Elaine C. , Volkening Lisa K. , Svoren Britta M. , Butler Deborah A. , Laffel Lori M.B. 
Published: October 2006

OBJECTIVE—To examine longitudinal outcomes, rate of and reasons for discontinuation, and predictors of insulin pump success in a cohort of youth initiating pump therapy.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We followed a cohort of youth with type 1 diabetes (n = 161) starting the pump between 1998 and 2001 and recorded natural history of treatment.
RESULTS—At pump start, patients (71% female) had a mean age of 14.1 ± 3.7 years, diabetes duration of 7.1 ± 4.0 years, daily blood glucose monitoring (BGM) frequency of 4.0 ± 1.2, a daily insulin dose of 1.0 ± 0.3 units/kg, and an HbA1c (A1C) of 8.4 ± 1.4%. After 1 year, mean daily BGM frequency was 4.5 ± 1.7, daily insulin dose was 0.8 ± 0.2 units/kg, and A1C was 8.1 ± 1.3% (all baseline versus 1-year data, P &lt; 0.01). As of 2005, 29 patients (18%) had resumed injection therapy at a mean age of 17.0 ± 2.9 years after a mean duration of pump use of 2.1 ± 1.3 years. BGM frequency at baseline and at 1 year was significantly lower in the patients who resumed injection therapy (P &lt; 0.02). In addition, patients who remained on the pump had lower A1C than those who resumed injection therapy at both 1 year (P = 0.04) and at the most recent clinic visit (P = 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS—After an average of 3.8 years, &gt;80% of pediatric patients maintained pump therapy with preservation of baseline A1C. Patients discontinuing the pump were less adherent and did not achieve equivalent glycemic benefit compared with continued users; these patients require ongoing support aimed at improving adherence and outcomes.
A randomized clinical trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with refractory epilepsy
Authors: Fregni Felipe , Otachi Patricia T.M. , Do Valle Angela , Boggio Paulo S. , Thut Gregor , Rigonatti Sergio P. , Pascual‐Leone Alvaro , Valente Kette D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo study the antiepileptic effects of rTMS in patients with refractory epilepsy and malformations of cortical development in a randomized, double‐blind, sham‐controlled trial.MethodsTwenty‐one patients with malformations of cortical development and refractory epilepsy underwent five consecutive sessions of low‐frequency rTMS, either sham or active (1Hz, 1,200 pulses), focally targeting the malformations of cortical development. The number of epileptiform discharges in the electroencephalogram and the number of clinical seizures were measured before (baseline), immediately after, as well as 30 and 60 days after rTMS treatment.ResultsrTMS significantly decreased the number of seizures in the active compared with sham rTMS group (p < 0.0001), and this effect lasted for at least 2 months. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in the number of epileptiform discharges immediately after (p = 0.01) and at week 4 (p = 0.03) in the active rTMS group only. There were few mild adverse effects equally distributed in both groups. The preliminary cognitive evaluation suggests improvement in some aspects of cognition in the active rTMS group only.InterpretationNoninvasive brain stimulation for epilepsy may be an alternative treatment for pharmaco‐resistant patients with clearly identifiable seizure foci in the cortical convexity and who are not eligible for surgical treatment. Ann Neurol 2006;60:447–455
Polyurethane doped with low‐concentration erbium
Authors: Ciobanu C. , Stoica E. , Cascaval C. N. , Rosu D. , Rosu L. , State M. , Emandi A. , Nemes I. , Petrescu F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) with lactate structures in its conformation can be used as a biological and biodegradable polymer. Polyurethane lactate (PUL) was doped with small quantities of an erbium (Er3+) complex, which hindered the NN group. 2,2′‐Dihydroxyazobenzene was used as a ligand for the Er3+ complex. PUL in the presence of the used Er3+ complex caused water from the complex to be replaced by the polar structures from the polymer. These structures acted as crystallization germs for the structuration of the PU matrix. As a consequence, both the mechanical and thermal properties of the polymer were improved. The sample with the highest mechanical properties contained only 0.064 μmol of Er3+ complex/g of sample. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 659–669, 2007
Phase characterization and mechanical and flame‐retarding properties of nano‐CaSO4/polypropylene and nano‐Ca3(PO4)2/polypropylene composites
Authors: Mishra S. , Mukherji Arindam 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn in situ deposition approach was used for the synthesis of nano‐CaSO4 and nano‐Ca3(PO4)2. The nanosize particles were confirmed with an X‐ray diffraction technique. Composites of polypropylene (PP) with 0.1–0.5 wt % nano‐ or commercial CaSO4 or nano‐Ca3(PO4)2 were prepared. The transition from the α phase to the β phase was observed for 0.1–0.3 wt % nano‐CaSO4/PP and nano‐Ca3(PO4)2/PP composites. This was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared. A differential scanning calorimetry analysis was carried out to determine the thermal behavior of the nanocomposites with increasing amounts of the nano‐CaSO4 and nano‐Ca3(PO4)2 fillers. Increases in the tensile strength and Young's modulus were observed up to certain loading and were followed by a decrease in the tensile strength. A continuous decrease in the elongation at break (%) was also observed for commercial CaSO4 and larger nano‐Ca3(PO4)2. A decrease in the mechanical properties after a certain loading might have been due to the agglomeration and phase transition of PP in the composites. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 670–680, 2007
Synthesis of highly selective copolymer membranes and their application for the dehydration of tetrahydrofuran by pervaporation
Authors: Ray Sagar , Ray Samit Kumar 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAcrylonitrile was copolymerized with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) at three different copolymer compositions by emulsion polymerization to produce polyacrylonitrile–2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PANHEMA) copolymer membranes containing increasing amounts of HEMA from PANHEMA‐1 to PANHEMA‐3. The dehydration of tetrahydrofuran (THF) over a concentration range of 0–14 wt % water in the feed was studied by pervaporation with these three copolymer membranes. The permeate water flux and separation factor for water was measured over the same concentration range at 30, 40, and 50°C. Among the copolymer membranes, PANHEMA‐1 exhibited a reasonable water flux (34.9 g m−2 h−1) with a very high water selectivity (264), whereas PANHEMA‐3 showed a higher water flux (52 g m−2 h−1) but a lower water selectivity (176.5) for highly concentrated THF (0.56 wt % water in the feed) at 30°C. The permeation factors of water for all of the membranes were much greater than unity, which signified a strong positive coupling effect of THF on water permeation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 728–737, 2007
Gelatinized starch/biodegradable polyester blends: Processing, morphology, and properties
Authors: Dean Katherine , Yu Long , Bateman Stuart , Wu Dong Yang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBlends of polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatinized starch and polybutylene succinate adipate/gelatinized starch have been prepared in various ratios and their phase morphology and thermal/mechanical properties have been analyzed. For both the PCL/plasticized starch and polybutylene succinate adipate/plasticized starch blends the resistance to impact increased with increasing polyester content, and the tensile modulus reached a maximum at around 80 wt % polyester content. In blends containing up to 70 wt % polyester (as observed by scanning electron microscopy) a hierarchical dispersion of the gelatinized starch phase was observed (distinct domain sizes of those less than 5 μm and those greater than 15 μm) and in the blends containing 70–90 wt % polyester a more singular dispersed phase of gelatinized starch was observed within the polyester matrix. Dynamical mechanical analysis results showed some phase mixing was present in the PCL/gelatinized starch blends noted by the appearance of an additional tan δ peak located between the glass transition temperatures of the respective components and broadening of the low temperature transition corresponding to the Tg of the polyester (possibly the result of a starch‐rich polyester phase) with some overlap with the low temperature β transition of the gelatinized starch itself. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 802–811, 2007
Synthesis and characterization of polyimide‐γ‐Fe2O3 nanocomposites
Authors: Vijayanand H. V. , Arunkumar L. , Gurubasawaraj P. M. , Sharma P. M. Veeresha , Basavaraja S. , Saleem A. , Venkataraman A. , Ghanwat Anil , Maldar N. N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNovel polyimide‐γ‐Fe2O3 hybrid nanocomposite films (PI/γ‐Fe2O3) has been developed from the poly(amic acid) salt of oxydianiline with different weight percentages (5, 10, 15 wt %) of γ‐Fe2O3 using tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as aprotic solvents. The prepared polyimide‐γ‐Fe2O3 nanocomposite films were characterized for their structure, morphology, and thermal behavior employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron micrograph (SEM), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), 13C‐NMR, and thermal analysis (TGA/DSC) techniques. These studies showed the homogenous dispersion of γ‐Fe2O3 in the polyimide matrix with an increase in the thermal stability of the composite films on γ‐Fe2O3 loadings. Magnetization measurements (magnetic hysteresis traces) have shown very high values of coercive force indicating their possible use in memory devices and in other related applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 834–840, 2007
Studies on cellulosic ethanol production for sustainable supply of liquid fuel in China
Authors: Yinbo Qu , Zhu Mingtian , Liu Kai , Bao Xiaoming , Lin Jianqiang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAs the biggest developing country, China faces a serious challenge in satisfying its need for huge amounts of energy resources, especially for liquid fuel. The Chinese government has recently started a bioethanol project, and has produced about 1 million tons of ethanol fuel from corn and wheat in 2005. As it has the largest population in the world and limited lands for food production, cellulosic ethanol would be a more suitable choice for China. Many research projects in China on biodegradation and biotransformation of lignocellulosics have been carried out. Furthermore, understanding the biodegradation mechanism of lignocellulosics and developing practical processes for ethanol production have been ongoing. After more than 30 years of research, several pilot scale facilities have been set up, and lots of experience has been acquired. However, the calculated production cost of cellulosic ethanol is still higher than that of corn ethanol. To overcome this problem, the biorefinery conception has been introduced into research on lignocellulosics transformation. A corncob biorefinery process has been developed in Shandong University. By combining the cellulase and ethanol production with a xylose‐related products production, the total production cost can be reduced. A scale of 50 000‐ton/year cellulosic ethanol biorefinery is being planned to be built at Yucheng.
Gene cloning and characterization of a novel α‐amylase from alkaliphilic Alkalimonas amylolytica
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhang Yunhua , Wang Quanhui , Liu Jun , Wang Honglei , Xue Yanfen , Ma Yanhe 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA gene encoding an extracellular α‐amylase (AmyA) was cloned from the alkaliphilic bacterium Alkalimonas amylolytica by enzymatic activity screening in Escherichia coli DH5α. The gene amyA consists of 1764 base pairs and was predicted to encode a 587‐amino acid protein encompassing a 31‐amino acid signal peptide. In addition, a 459‐amino acid catalytic domain and a 97‐amino acid starch‐binding domain (SBD) were found. The SBD showed little similarity to other known SBDs; instead, it contains conserved amino acids typically belonging to the carbohydrate‐binding module (CBM) family 20. AmyA could act on both granular and gelatinized starch. The catalytic domain of the enzyme showed little similarity to other known α‐amylases. Rather, AmyA contains four characteristic conserved regions of glycoside hydrolase family 13. The recombinant enzyme was a liquefying enzyme with the highest activity at 50°C and pH 9.5. The enzyme displayed a unique endo‐product profile and action pattern on soluble starch to yield a series of malto‐oligosaccharides ranging from maltose to maltoheptaose. The activity of the enzyme was enhanced by Co2+, but not affected by 5 mM EDTA. Taken together, AmyA from A. amylolytica has potential to be used in paper, textile, detergent and other industries where starch needs to be degraded in an alkaline environment.