bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Disorders of Bone Marrow
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. , Greig Barbara , Aird Betsy , Geor Raymond J. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryInflammatory lesions in bone marrow, observed during a 2 year period at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, were reviewed. Of 24 bone marrow specimens with evidence of inflammation, six were classified as acute inflammation, nine as fibrinous inflammation, five as chronic inflammation/hyperplasia, three as granulomatous inflammation and one as nodular lymphoid hyperplasia. Acute inflammation commonly accompanied bacterial sepsis. Two patterns of acute inflammation were identified. One pattern consisted of multifocal microabscesses. The other pattern of acute inflammation consisted of perivascular infiltrates of neutrophils, fibrin, edema, and hemorrhage. The most common disorder associated with fibrinous inflammation was disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Chronic inflammation was difficult to differentiate from chronic immune stimulation. Discrete granulomas were identified in the marrow of animals with systemic mycotic disease, idiopathic systemic granulomatous disease, and serous atrophy of fat. This study indicates that a broad variety of inflammatory disorders occur in animal bone marrow and that these disorders can be classified based on general categories of inflammation described in other tissues.
Detection of Intravaginal Spermatozoa After Natural Mating in the Bitch
Authors: Whitacre M.D. , Yates D.J. , VanCamp S.D. , Meuten D.J. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryMismating is one of the most frequently presented reproductive problems presented to veterinarians. Confirming whether or not a mismating has occurred is necessary to determine if therapy will be instituted. Detection of spermatozoa in the vagina is irrefutable evidence of copulation; however, absence of sperm in a vaginal cytology cannot rule out coitus. In order to improve detection of spermatozoa post‐coitus, a prospective study was initiated utilizing natural breedings of purebred beagles.
Effects of Storage Time on Chemistry Results from Canine Whole Blood, Heparinized Whole Blood, Serum and Heparinized Plasma
Authors: Thoresen Stein Istre , Havre Gustav N. , Morberg Hanne , Mowinckel Petter 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe stability and storage characteristics of 24 blood constituents from dogs including nine enzymes (ALP, ALT, amylase, AST, CK, GGT, GLDH, LDH, lipase), 15 metabolites and minerals (albumin, bile acids, bilirubin, calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, fructosamine, glucose, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, protein, sodium, triglycerides, urea) were studied. Conditions studied included storing of nonanticoagulated and heparinized whole blood for 3 days (Part A), and storing of serum and heparinized plasma for 3 days (Part B). The storage temperature for both studies was + 4°C from day 0 to day 1, and + 20°C, from day 1 to day 2 and 3.Eight of 24 analytes showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) for three days in whole blood. However, the stability of all 24 analytes greatly improved by storing serum or heparinized plasma compared to nonanticoagulated or heparinized whole blood. In stored serum or heparinized plasma, 20 of 24 analytes showed no significant differences (p < 0.05) for 3 days.Nine of 24 analytes showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between serum and heparinized plasma, where CK, LDH, GGT, and potassium showed differences of possible clinical importance.This study strongly supports the practice of separating serum/plasma from clot/cells as promptly as possible to achieve improved stability for most analytes under test.
Bone Marrow Contamination of Canine Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Christopher Mary M. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryBone marrow cells were identified in cytocentrifuge preparations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained by lumbar punctures from two dogs. CSF analyses were characterized by normal or increased total cell counts, normal or increased total protein concentration and the presence of erythrocytes. Hematopoietic cells present included both erythroid and myeloid precursors and, in one case, an erythroblastic island was seen. Peripheral blood smear examination confirmed that the hematopoietic cells observed were not the result of blood contamination. Neither case was associated with a difficult tap procedure, nor with a specific disease process. Contamination may have resulted from actual marrow penetration or from extramedullary hematopoiesis in the dura mater. Accurate interpretation of CSF cytology requires the consideration of possible bone marrow contamination when hematopoietic cells are observed.
The Morphologic Effects of Vincristine Sulfate on Canine Bone Marrow Cells
Authors: Alleman A.R. , Harvey J.W. 
Published: February 2009

This study documents the morphologic changes observed in the bone marrow aspirate biopsies from dogs 6 and 24 hours after receiving a single therapeutic dose (0.025 mg/kg) of vincristine sulfate (Oncovin: Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.) intravenously. The most striking cytologic changes were observed in the erythroid cell line. Abnormalities included increased numbers of mitotic figures, abnormal nuclear configurations, and fragmented nuclei. Erythroid cells in metaphase were prominent in marrow samples collected 6 hours post‐vincristine, accounting for a mean of 27% of all erythroid precursors. Fragmented nuclei and atypical nuclear configurations were seen in low numbers (mean = 7%) of erythroid cells from these animals. In contrast, marrow collected from dogs 24 hours post‐vincristine exhibited low numbers (mean = 1%) of erythroid cells in metaphase, but erythroid cells with atypical nuclear configurations and fragmented nuclei accounted for a mean of 41 % of the erythroid cells present.Less dramatic increases in the number of mitotic non‐erythroid cells were seen 6 hours post‐vincristine (mean = 5% of non‐erythroid cells) and 24 hours post‐vincristine (mean = 1% of non‐erythroid cells). Only rare nuclear fragmentation was observed in these cell lines. Significant alterations in megakaryocytes and myeloid to erythroid (M:E) ratios were not observed in samples taken 6 hours post‐vincristine; however, M:E ratios were considerably higher in three of the four samples taken from dogs 24 hours post‐vincristine. Similar time‐related changes were observed in four clinical cases in which bone marrow aspirates were performed after vincristine administration.
Quantification of Bone Alkaline Phosphatase in Canine Serum
Authors: Sanecki Robin K. , Hoffmann Walter E. , Hansen Richard , Schaeffer David J. 
Published: February 2009

An assay was developed and proven accurate and precise for the quantification of canine serum alkaline phosphatase of bone origin (BAP). The assay uses wheat germ lectin (WGL) which selectively precipitates BAP but not liver alkaline phosphatase (LAP) in serum preincubated for 1 hour at 37°C before conducting the assay. Although a large percentage of corticosteroid‐induced alkaline phosphatase (CAP) is also precipitated by WGL, the activity of this isoenzyme can be determined by utilizing the automated levamisole inhibition assay and BAP determined by subtraction except in those cases in which CAP is very markedly increased. Use of these two assay techniques in combination allows the quantification of LAP, BAP, and CAP activity in canine serum.In sera from adult dogs of various ages, BAP activity represents a mean of 21.27 ± 11.4 U/L; however, there was a statistical decrease in BAP activity with age. This allowed the determination of 95% confidence interval for a reference range dependent on age of the dog. Bone AP activity in puppies drops dramatically within the first 3 months, reaching a magnitude of activity consistent with that of the adult dog by approximately 15 months. BAP was increased over adult reference range in five of five dogs tested with osteosarcoma. This assay will now allow conducting a clinical study of the diagnostic significance of bone AP activity in neoplastic and metabolic diseases of bone.
Determination of Serum Ionized Calcium Concentration in Dairy Cattle After Frozen Anaerobic Storage
Authors: Roeder Beverly L. , Clark F. Dustan 
Published: February 2009

The stability of serum ionized calcium concentration (ICa) from dairy cows was studied after anaerobic collection and frozen storage. Paired blood samples were obtained from five groups of cows: nonlactating, first third of lactation, midlactation, last third of lactation, and 2‐year‐old nonlactating heifers. Vacutainer multiple sample needles and serum separator tubes (SST) were used for venipuncture. Aspiration of serum was within 1.5 hours after collection: one sample for immediate determination (within 2 hours of collection); the other sample stored at ‐4d̀C in evacuated plastic vacutainer tubes filled with serum to provide dead space of less than 75% of volume, and analyzed after 14 to 30 days in storage (half, 15, of the samples from each lactation group were analyzed after frozen anaerobic storage at 14 or 30 days, respectively).Processing samples in this manner significantly altered the values obtained for ICa, normalized calcium concentration (NCa), and pH. Analysis after frozen storage in evacuated tubes caused ICa and NCa concentrations to decrease and pH to increase (P > 0.05); total calcium levels were not significantly different from initial values. There were no significant differences among lactation groups. The difference between values obtained from these paired samples was either due to loss of CO2during transfer from the SST to the evacuated tube or during frozen storage. Changes in samples assayed after freezing and storage could be adjusted to original values by using the mean difference between the fresh and frozen levels as correction factors: ICa (+0.4379), NCa (+0.2797), and pH (‐0.0926).It was concluded that immediate determination of serum ICa in dairy cattle is the ideal but using this methodology and performing analyses later may be acceptable if correction factors are determined.
Determination of
Optimized Rectangular Spreader Thickness for Lower Thermal Spreading
Resistance
Authors: Chen Yen-Shu , Chien Kuo-Hsiang , Tseng Yung-Shin , Chan Yea-Kuang 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
This study presents an approximation for determining an optimized thickness of a concentric heated rectangular plate and derives an analytical solution for spreading resistance of a spreader having orthotropic conductivities. The solution for the orthotropic plate is obtained by separation of variables, and the optimized thickness is determined by taking the derivative of the thermal resistance with respect to the spreader thickness. According to the calculated results, an enhanced in-plane spreading effect can reduce the spreading resistance. The spreading resistance dominates the overall resistance of thin plates, whereas the one-dimensional conduction resistance becomes important for thick plates. However, the predicted optimized thickness from the approximation shows a disparity from the analytical results, while the aspect ratio between a spreader and heat source is less than 0.2. Even so, the thermal resistance corresponding to the predicted thickness is still in good agreement with the analytical solution. The proposed approximation will be useful for practical thermal design of heat sinks by predetermining the spreader thickness.
PIXE ANALYSES OF THE SOLUBLE AND MEMBRANE SE-CONTAINING PROTEINS EXTRACTED FROMCUPRIAVIDUS METALLIDURANSCH34 AFTER SELENIUM OXIDES CHALLENGE
Authors: AVOSCAN L. , KHODJA H. , CARRIÈRE M. , COVÈS J. , GOUGET B. 
Published: February 2009

The soil bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 resist selenite by reducing it into the insoluble and less toxic elemental selenium. Two mechanisms of reduction of selenium oxides in C. metallidurans CH34 were highlighted: assimilation leading to organic species and detoxification leading to precipitation of selenite in nanoparticules of elemental selenium. The alkyl selenide detected as an intermediate product during assimilation of selenite or as the major accumulated chemical form during assimilation of selenate was identified as selenomethionine.Soluble and membrane proteins were extracted from C. metallidurans CH34 submitted to selenium oxides challenge. After separation by SDS-PAGE, µPIXE analyses were used for Se identification and quantification at a micrometer scale. The profiles of Se distribution in the different samples suggest a non-specific incorporation of selenium probably reflecting the incorporation of selenomethionin in place of the naturally occurring methionin.
DATA MINING ANALYSIS OF SERUM TRACE ELEMENTS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS SUPPORTED BY NUTRITION SUPPORT TEAM
Authors: MIURA YOSHINORI , SUWABE AKIRA , ENDO RYUJIN , TOMISAWA YUKI , IKEDA KENICHIRO , SERA KOICHIRO , YOKOYAMA SHIGEKI 
Published: February 2009

Recently, Nutrition Support Teams (NSTs) has been spreading throughout Japan. Nutritional assessment is important as an initial step among NST activities, since the patients can be identified based on this assessment whether they needs supports by NST or not. Serum trace element is one of the most useful and convenient nutritional indices. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationships between serum trace element values and clinical backgrounds in NST patients by data mining. The subjects of this study consisted of 29 NST patients who were admitted to our hospital between January 2005 and October 2006. Serum trace elements in patients were analyzed by PIXE method. The data were analyzed by a data mining software, i.e. "ICONS Miner" (Koden Industry Co., Ltd.). The significant "if-then rules" were extracted from the decision trees. The target variable of the decision trees is whether nutritional conditions of the patients are improved or not (Yes/No). The explanatory variables of the decision trees are the values in serum trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Mn) and TTR (transthyretin). The analyses demonstrated that the first node of the decision tree was Zn. Therefore, serum Zn value might be the most significant factor among these trace elements in estimating the improvement of nutritional conditions of the patients. In the decision, the second branch was the Fe value, and the Cu the third. The following significant "If-then rules" were extracted from the decision trees. If-then rule 1: If serum Zn value >758.6 µg/l, then improvement of nutritional condition = Y. (1.00 = 9/9) If-then rule 2: If serum Zn value ≤758.6 µg/l and Fe ≤653.2 µg/l and Cu ≤682.5 µg/l, then improvement of nutritional condition = Y. (1.00 = 5/5) If-then rule 3: If serum Zn value ≤758.6 µg/l and Fe ≤653.2 µg/l and Cu >682.5 µg/l and Se >119.8 µg/l, then improvement of nutritional condition = Y. (1.00 = 3/3) In conclusion, data mining analysis of serum trace elements was found to be an effective method in assessing the nutritional conditions in NST patients.
Link-alike
Authors: Jakubczak Szymon , Andersen David G. , Kaminsky Michael , Papagiannaki Konstantina , Seshan Srinivasan 
Published: February 2009

Asymmetric broadband connections in the home provide a limited upstream pipe to the Internet. This limitation makes various applications, such as remote backup and sharing high definition video, impractical. However, homes in a neighborhood often have high bandwidth wireless networks, whose bandwidth exceeds that of a single wired uplink. Moreover, most (wired and wireless) connections are idle most of the time.
In this paper, we examine the fundamental requirements of a system that aggregates upstream broadband connections in a neighborhood using wireless communication between homes. A scheme addressing this problem must operate efficiently in an environment that is: i) highly lossy; ii) broadcast in nature; and iii) half-duplex. We propose a novel scheme, Link-alike, that addresses those three challenges using opportunistic wireless reception, a novel wireless broadcast rate control scheme, and preferential use of the wired downlink. Through analytical and experimental evaluation, we demonstrate that our approach provides significantly better throughput than previous solutions based on TCP or UDP unicast.
Chemoresistant Colorectal Cancer Cells, the Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype, and Increased Sensitivity to Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Receptor Inhibition
Authors: Dallas Nikolaos A. , Xia Ling , Fan Fan , Gray Michael J. , Gaur Puja , van Buren George , Samuel Shaija , Kim Michael P. , Lim Sherry J. , Ellis Lee M. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5FU) and oxaliplatin are standard therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), but the development of chemoresistance is inevitable. Because cancer stem cells (CSC) are hypothesized to be chemoresistant, we investigated CSC properties in newly developed chemoresistant CRC cell lines and sought to identify targets for therapy. The human CRC cell line HT29 was exposed to increasing doses of 5FU (HT29/5FU-R) or oxaliplatin (HT29/OxR) to achieve resistance at clinically relevant doses. Western blotting and flow cytometry were done to determine molecular alterations. The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) monoclonal antibody (mAb) AVE-1642 was used to inhibit signaling in vitro and in vivo using murine xenograft models. HT29/5FU-R and HT29/OxR showed 16- to 30-fold enrichment of CD133+ cells and 2-fold enrichment of CD44+ cells (putative CRC CSC markers). Resistant cells were enriched 5- to 22-fold for double-positive (CD133+/CD44+) cells. Consistent with the CSC phenotype, resistant cells exhibited a decrease in cellular proliferation in vitro (47–59%; P &lt; 0.05). Phosphorylated and total IGF-IR levels were increased in resistant cell lines. HT29/5FU-R and HT29/OxR cells were ∼5-fold more responsive to IGF-IR inhibition relative to parental cells (P &lt; 0.01) in vitro. Tumors derived from HT29/OxR cells showed significantly greater growth inhibition in response to an IGF-IR mAb than did parental cells (P &lt; 0.05). Chemoresistant CRC cells are enriched for CSC markers and the CSC phenotype. Chemotherapy-induced IGF-IR activation provided for enhanced sensitivity to IGF-IR–targeted therapy. Identification of CSC targets presents a novel therapeutic approach in this disease. [Cancer Res 2009;69(5):1951–7]
Inertial Particle Dynamics in a Hurricane
Authors: Sapsis Themistoklis , Haller George 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The motion of inertial (i.e., finite-size) particles is analyzed in a three-dimensional unsteady simulation of Hurricane Isabel. As established recently, the long-term dynamics of inertial particles in a fluid is governed by a reduced-order inertial equation, obtained as a small perturbation of passive fluid advection on a globally attracting slow manifold in the phase space of particle motions. Use of the inertial equation enables the visualization of three-dimensional inertial Lagrangian coherent structures (ILCS) on the slow manifold. These ILCS govern the asymptotic behavior of finite-size particles within a hurricane. A comparison of the attracting ILCS with conventional Eulerian fields reveals the Lagrangian footprint of the hurricane eyewall and of a large rainband. By contrast, repelling ILCS within the eye region admit a more complex geometry that cannot be compared directly with Eulerian features.
Comments on “A Common Misunderstanding about the Voigt Line Profile”
Authors: Schreier Franz 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn a recent paper, it was argued that some of the illustrations in popular textbooks comparing the Lorentz and Gaussian profiles with the “corresponding” Voigt profile are incorrect. These “misunderstandings” are shown to be a result of ambiguous specifications of the Voigt profile (i.e., there is no unique corresponding Voigt profile). Additionally, some comments on half-widths, numerics, and visualization are given.
Numerical Simulation of Cloud–Clear Air Interfacial Mixing: Homogeneous versus Inhomogeneous Mixing
Authors: Andrejczuk Miroslaw , Grabowski Wojciech W. , Malinowski Szymon P. , Smolarkiewicz Piotr K. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
This note presents an analysis of several dozens of direct numerical simulations of the cloud–clear air mixing in a setup of decaying moist turbulence with bin microphysics. The goal is to assess the instantaneous relationship between the homogeneity of mixing and the ratio of the time scales of droplet evaporation and turbulent homogenization. Such a relationship is important for developing improved microphysical parameterizations for large-eddy simulation of clouds. The analysis suggests a robust relationship for the range of time scale ratios between 0.5 and 10. Outside this range, the scatter of numerical data is significant, with smaller and larger time scale ratios corresponding to mixing scenarios that approach the extremely inhomogeneous and homogeneous limits, respectively. This is consistent with the heuristic argument relating the homogeneity of mixing to the time scale ratio.
Predictability of SST-Modulated Westerly Wind Bursts
Authors: Gebbie Geoffrey , Tziperman Eli 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWesterly wind bursts (WWBs), a significant player in ENSO dynamics, are modeled using an observationally motivated statistical approach that relates the characteristics of WWBs to the large-scale sea surface temperature. Although the WWB wind stress at a given location may be a nonlinear function of SST, the characteristics of WWBs are well described as a linear function of SST. Over 50% of the interannual variance in the WWB likelihood, zonal location, duration, and fetch is explained by changes in SST. The model captures what is seen in a 17-yr record of satellite-derived winds: the eastward migration and increased occurrence of wind bursts as the western Pacific warm pool extends. The WWB model shows significant skill in predicting the interannual variability of the characteristics of WWBs, while the prediction skill of the WWB seasonal cycle is limited by the record length of available data. The novel formulation of the WWB model can be implemented in a stochastic or deterministic mode, where the deterministic mode predicts the ensemble-mean WWB characteristics. Therefore, the WWB model is especially appropriate for ensemble prediction experiments with existing ENSO models that are not capable of simulating realistic WWBs on their own. Should only the slowly varying component of WWBs be important for ENSO prediction, this WWB model allows a shortcut to directly compute the slowly varying ensemble-mean wind field without performing many realizations.