bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral health conditions and denture treatment needs in institutionalized elderly people in Japan
Authors: Miyazaki Hideo , Shirahama Ryuji , Ohtani Ichiroh , Shimada Naoko , Takehara Tadamichi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractOral health conditions, including dental conditions, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) conditions, denture status, and oral hygiene status, were assessed on 1908 institutionalized elderly people 65 yr of age and older at 29 of the 30 existing institutions in the city of Kitakyushu, Japan. The percentage of edentulous people was 27% in the65–74‐yr‐old group, and increased with age to 56%, in the 85 yr and older group. In dentate persons, the mean number of remaining teeth and DF teeth were 13.4 and 8.6, 9.5 and 6.8, and 8.4 and 6.5 in the groups aged65–74 yr old.75–84 yr old and 85 yr and older, respectively 81% of all the persons examined had no unusual symptoms in their TMJ. A clicking sound was the most frequent symptom (17%). Hygiene of both their teeth and dentures was very poor. Of all the subjects 36% needed new full and/or partial denture(s) and 41%, needed only repair. When the institutionalized elderly people were compared according to their general health condition, no clear differences were observed in percentage edentu‐lousness, mean number of remaining teeth and DF teeth, and TMJ conditions. However, a higher level of both untreated teeth and denture treatment needs, and poorer oral hygiene, was found in elderly people having poor general health than was observed in those with better health. These findings indicate that dental care systems for institutionalized elderly people, especially disabled elderly people, should be planned, and that the importance of oral health programs among younger generations should be stressed, because (a) dental care for the elderly becomes more difficult with increasing age and (b) dental health care is provided too late for most people.
Prognosis of overdenture abutments in the aged: effect of denture wearing habits
Authors: Budtz‐Jörgensen Ejvind 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe effect of denture wearing habits was studied in 35 overdenture wearers (20 day‐and‐night wearers. 15 day‐wearers) during a period of 3 yr with controlled oral hygiene. Prior to prosthetic treatment intensive instruction and motivation in oral hygiene were carried out and the patients were recalled 24 times yearly during the study period. Before treatment mean Plaque Index (PH) and Gingival Index (GI) were 1.5 and 1.6, respectively, in both groups of patients. At day 0, 1 yr, 2 yr and 3 yr mean PII and GI were 0.3 0.5 and 0.6 0.8, respectively, in the group of day‐wearers and 0.5–1.0 and 1.0–1.2, respectively, in the group of day–and–night wearers. This difference was statistically significant. Furthermore, during the study period 16% of the abutment tooth surfaces showed attachment loss (1 4 mm) in the group of day‐and‐night wearers against 7% of the tooth surfaces in the group of day‐wearers. This difference was statistically significant. During the 3 yr 36 carious lesions developed in the group of day‐and‐night wearers, but none in the group of day‐wearers. The results of this study have shown that day–and–night wearing of dentures is a major periodontitis and caries risk factor in complete overdenture wearers with controlled oral hygiene.
Factors influencing the likelihood of successful decisions to treat dentin caries from bitewing radiographs
Authors: Mileman Philip Anthony , Mulder Erik , van der Weele Leo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the role played by the ability to estimate caries depth in successfully deciding to treat dentin caries when making use of bitewing radiographs as a diagnostic test. A 10% random sample (n= 444) of Dutch dental practitioners was sent a two‐wave questionnaire concerning radio‐graphic caries diagnosis and restorative treatment decision making. The second wave consisted of simulated bitewing radiographs of 105 tooth surfaces with and without dentin caries according to two measuring standards: (a) a micro‐radio‐graphic “gold” standard and (b) a norm of expert observers. The dentists were asked to diagnose caries at 4 depths of penetration using a 5‐point certainty scoring system to measure diagnostic ability; and to make a treatment decision for each surface. The overall response was 61% (273). A regression analysis was carried out using the chance per dentist of correctly deciding to treat dentin caries as the dependent variable. The degree of agreement with the experts diagnosis of radio‐graphic caries depth was used to create variables measuring diagnostic ability. Five significant (P <0.05) variables explained 60% (R2= 0.60) of the variation in decision making. The best diagnostic ability variable explained 47% of the variation while the treatment criterion reportedly used explained 3%. We conclude that the ability of practitioners to interpret radiographs plays a major role in treatment decision making and that their reported treatment decision making criteria should not be taken at face value.
Treatment times of amalgam restorations
Authors: Advokaat J. G. A. , Van't Hof M. A. , Akerboom H. B. M. , Borgmeijer P. J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to present information about treatment times for amalgam restorations and the factors influencing them. The study was carried out as part of a clinical trial. Following a written treatment protocol, 1044 class II restorations with two surfaces and 1433 restorations with three surfaces were made by seven operators. The statistical method consisted of an ANOVA after log. transformation of the treatment times. The mean total treatment time for two‐surface restorations was 24 min and for three‐surface restorations 30 min. The mean finishing and polishing time was 6.3 min. A significant effect on the treatment time was noted for: (1) operator, (2) size of the restorations, and (3) type of tooth (molar/premolar). The results of this study may be useful for cost‐benefit analysis and for efficient planning in dental practice.
Oral health problems and needs of nursing home residents
Authors: Kiyak H. Asuman , Grayston M. Nan , Crinean Carol Lowe 
Published: May 2006

Kiyak HA, Grayston MM, Crinean CL: Oral health problems and needs of nursing home residents.Abstract – The problem of dental neglect and high levels of unmet dental needs among elderly residents of long term care facilities has been widely documented in literature. A survey was conducted of 1063 residents in 31 nursing homes throughout Washington (representing 11% of all facilities in the slate). The greatest single need among dentate elderly was for routine oral hygiene (72%), while for denture wearers adjustment of loose dentures was the primary need (46.4%). Periodontal problems were slightly more prevalent than root caries (43%) and 36% respectively) among dentate elderly. Dry mouth was found in 10% of residents. Oral conditions were worse in larger facilities located in rural and moderate size communities, and those under a proprietary corporation. These results suggest that daily oral hygiene and regular check‐ups by a dental professional are most needed by frail elderly, especially in large, proprietary homes in rural and moderate size communities. Education of nursing home staff and the elderly themselves in the importance and methods of home care are also critical needs.
Regulation of uterine function by cytokines in cows: Possible actions of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1α and interferon‐τ
Authors: OKUDA Kiyoshi , SAKUMOTO Ryosuke 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTWhen animals do not become pregnant, regression of the corpus luteum (CL) is essential for normal cyclicity because it allows the development of a new ovulatory follicle. Luteal regression is caused by a pulsatile release of prostaglandin (PG) F2α from the uterus in the late luteal phase in most mammals including cattle. Although it has been proposed in ruminants that pulsatile PGF2α secretion is generated by a positive feedback loop between luteal and/or hypophyseal oxytocin and uterine PGF2α, the bovine endometrium may possess other mechanisms for initiation of luteolytic PGF2α secretion. There is increasing evidence that several cytokines mainly produced by immune cells modulate CL and uterine function in many species. Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) stimulates PGF2α output from bovine endometrium not only at the follicular phase but also at the late luteal phase. Administration of TNF‐α at a high concentration prolongs luteal lifespan, whereas administration of a low concentration of TNF‐α accelerates luteal regression in cows. The data obtained from the authors’ previous in vitro and in vivo studies strongly suggest that TNF‐α is a crucial factor in regulating luteolysis in cows. The authors’ recent study has shown that interleukin‐1α mediates PG secretion from bovine endometrium as a local regulator. Furthermore, interferon‐τ (IFN‐τ) suppresses the action of TNF‐α on PGF2α synthesis by the bovine endometrium in vitro, suggesting that IFN‐τ plays a luteoprotective role by inhibiting TNF‐α‐induced PGF2α production in early pregnancy. The purpose of the present review is to summarize current understanding of the endocrine mechanisms that regulate uterine function by cytokines during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in cows.
Influence of feeding regime on timing of parturition in beef cattle and the relationship of vaginal temperature to parturition
Authors: AOKI Mari , KIMURA Koji , SUZUKI Osamu 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTThe timing of parturition was recorded for a total of 56 beef cattle (Japanese Black × Holstein Friesian) on different dietary treatments. The rate of calving during daylight hours in cows night‐fed (18.00 hours) with a roughage diet was significantly higher than that in cows night‐fed with a high concentrate diet (79.2% vs 38.5%, P < 0.05). Subsequently, the vaginal temperature (VT) of these cows was analyzed using a cosinor method. When the feeding schedule was changed from twice daily (08.30 and 15.30 hours) to night feeding, the periodicity, the acrophase and the bathyphase, which were the parameters of the cosine curve, were unstable from the first day of night feeding until after day 6 (P < 0.05). Prior to parturition, the midline‐estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR) and the amplitude for the cows that were fed a high‐roughage diet at night and that calved at night‐time were lower and larger, respectively, than that for the other treatments (P < 0.01). Based on these results, the time of parturition in most of the beef cows was influenced by feeding time and diet composition. Those cows that calved at night‐time in spite of night feeding had lower vaginal temperatures.
Effects of supplemental lauric acid‐rich oils in high‐grain diet on in vitro rumen fermentation
Authors: YABUUCHI Yuki , MATSUSHITA Yoji , OTSUKA Hiroshi , FUKAMACHI Keiji , KOBAYASHI Yasuo 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTA series of in vitro studies were performed to evaluate the effects of lauric acid (LA)‐rich oils on rumen fermentation with a high‐grain diet. Soy oil (SO) and palm oil (PO) as long‐chain fatty acid triglycerides, palm kernel oil (PKO), coconut oil (CO), powdered coconut oil (pCO) and coconut oil calcium salt (COCa) as medium‐chain LA‐rich oils were used as tested additives. Rumen fluid from steers fed high‐grain diet was incubated with ground corn with or without oil supplementation (2.0 g/L) for 6 h at 39°C to monitor rumen products. Methane production decreased, while hydrogen production increased on LA‐rich oils except COCa. All the LA‐rich oils increased total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and molar proportion of propionate. Also, amylase activity in culture was higher when these oils were added. The most potent additives, pCO and free LA, were further tested to determine dose–response of rumen fermentation. Powdered coconut oil and LA altered rumen fermentation toward more propionate production by supplementation at 1.2 and 0.3 g/L, respectively. These results suggest that some LA‐rich oils and free LA could be used for improving rumen fermentation under high‐grain diet feeding conditions.
Basal levels and responses to glucose infusion of plasma glucose and insulin in beef steer before and after the end of the growing phase on pasture
Authors: AOKI Yasuhiro , NAKANISHI Naoto , YAMADA Tomoya 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTWe examined the effect of grazing during the growing phase on plasma glucose and insulin behavior at the end of the growing phase and at the early stage of the subsequent fattening phase in beef steers. From 13 to 45 weeks of age (growing phase), crossbred beef steers were grazed with minimal supplement (group G: n = 5) or housed while being fed on hay and concentrate (group H: n = 5). Following this phase, both groups were housed for finishing (fattening phase). At the end of the growing phase, group G showed faster plasma glucose disappearance after intravenous glucose infusion, with a smaller plasma insulin response, compared with group H. At the third week of the fattening phase, group G still showed higher glucose tolerance, although they experienced abrupt changes in nutritional and environmental factors. The results suggest that grazing during the growing phase probably improves the glucose tolerance and insulin response to glucose infusion in steers compared with animals that were housed during the corresponding period, and the improved properties may persist at least a few weeks after the commencement of fattening.
Effects of an environmental enrichment using a drum can on behavioral, physiological and productive characteristics in fattening beef cattle
Authors: ISHIWATA Toshie , UETAKE Katsuji , ABE Naoshige , EGUCHI Yusuke , TANAKA Toshio 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTTo evaluate the effects of environmental enrichment on behavioral, physiological and productive characteristics, 71 Japanese Black × Holstein steers (8 months of age; 299.5 ± 22.6 kg) were allocated to three pens in two repetitive experiments. Pen C (n = 11 and 12) consisted of a feeding alley for grain feed, a trough for dry hay, a water bowl and a resting space as a control pen. Pen D (n = 12 and 12) included a drum can (58 cm diameter × 90 cm height) containing hay. Pen GD (n = 12 and 12) included a drum can that was placed around artificial plastic turf (30 × 120 cm) for grooming. The drum cans were removed after 5 months of installation. Behavioral observations were made for 2 h at 10 min intervals after feeding on three successive days each month for 10 months. Agonistic interactions were also continuously observed for 1 h after feeding to assess the dominance order (DO). Sampling blood and measuring bodyweight were performed bimonthly. The steers used the drum can frequently for 3 months after installation (1st, 2nd, 3rd months vs 4 months, all P < 0.05). The frequency of total eating of grain feed and hay was higher in pen D and pen GD than in pen C (both P < 0.01), while it was lowest in pen GD after removal of the drum can (P < 0.05). Grooming at the drum can was observed more frequently in pen GD than in pen D (P < 0.05). After they finished eating the grain feed, they ate hay at the drum can that contained additional hay rather than at the trough for hay (P < 0.01). Plasma dopamine concentrations were higher in pen D than in pen C (P < 0.05), and serum triglyceride concentrations were higher in pen C than in pen GD (P < 0.05) during the installation of the drum can. After removal of the drum can, serum total cholesterol concentrations became higher in pen D and GD than in pen C (both P < 0.05). Average daily gain correlated positively with the frequency of eating hay at the drum can in pen D (rs = 0.52, P < 0.01). In pen GD, the frequency of using the drum can correlated negatively with DO (rs = −0.59, P < 0.01). Carcass belly fat was thicker in pens D and GD than in pen C (both P < 0.01). In pen GD, the frequency of eating hay (rs = 0.79, P < 0.01) and grooming at the drum can (rs = 0.63, P < 0.05) correlated positively with the marbling score. Although social factor affected the steers using the drum can, installing it in the early fattening stage encouraged the steers to eat and groom there and resulted in better carcass characteristics through the prolonged physiological positive effects.
Choice of attractive conditions by beef cattle in a Y‐maze just after release from restraint: Effect of sheep
Authors: ISHIWATA Toshie , KILGOUR Robert J. , UETAKE Katsuji , EGUCHI Yusuke , TANAKA Toshio 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTTo provide useful information on how to moderate post‐handling stress, Angus heifers (n = 157) were individually allowed to enter a choice area after 2 min of restraint in a crush and to choose between two pens. After the animal had chosen a pen, free access was given to both test pens and the choice area for a further 5 min. The behaviors during choice and after the first choosing were observed. In experiment 1, each heifer was given one of the following choices: pen with three familiar heifers (peers) versus pen with six sheep (sheep; n = 30); peers versus the bare pen (bare; n = 30); sheep versus bare (n = 30). When the choice combination was peers versus bare, more heifers than expected by chance chose the peers pen (χ2 = 4.80; P < 0.05). However, when one of the other choice combinations was given, there was no significant difference between the number choosing a pen and the expected value. After the first choice, more heifers entered the peers pen than the bare pen (P < 0.05) or the sheep pen (P < 0.10). In experiment 2, another 67 heifers were given one of the following choices: peers versus pen with a novel object (NO; n = 19); sheep versus NO (n = 22); bare versus NO (n = 26). There was no significant difference between the number of heifers choosing a pen and the expected value in any choice combination. However, more heifers entered the peers pen than the NO pen (P < 0.01). It is concluded that sheep were not as attractive as peers, but sheep were not fearful animals for cattle.
A Real‐Time, Interactive Steering Environment for Integrated Ground Water Modeling
Authors: Li Shu‐Guang , Liu Qun 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe present in this note an innovative software environment, called Interactive Ground Water (IGW), for unified deterministic and stochastic ground water modeling. Based on efficient computational algorithms, IGW allows simulating three‐dimensional (3D) unsteady flow and transport in saturated media subject to systematic and “random” stresses and geological and chemical heterogeneity. Adopting a new computing paradigm, IGW eliminates the fragmentation in the traditional modeling schemes and allows fully utilizing today’s dramatically increased computing power. For many problems, IGW enables real‐time modeling, visualization, mapping, and analysis. The software environment functions as a “numerical laboratory” in which an investigator may freely explore the following: creating visually an aquifer system of desired configurations, interactively applying stresses and boundary conditions, and then investigating and visualizing on the fly the geology and flow and transport dynamics. At any time, a researcher can pause to interact dynamically with virtually any aspects of the modeling process and then resume the integrated visual exploration; he or she can initiate, pause, or resume particle tracking, plume modeling, subscale modeling, stochastic modeling, monitoring, and budget analyses. IGW continually provides results that are dynamically processed, overlaid, and displayed. It dynamically merges modeling inputs and outputs into composite two‐dimensional/3D images—integrating related data to provide a more complete view of the complex interplay among the geology, hydrology, flow system, and transport. These unique capabilities of real‐time modeling, steering, analysis, and mapping expand the utility of models as tools for research, education, and professional investigations.
A Visual Basic Spreadsheet Macro for Recession Curve Analysis
Authors: Posavec Kristijan , Bačani Andrea , Nakić Zoran 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA Visual Basic program for an Excel spreadsheet was written to construct a master recession curve (MRC), using the adapted matching strip method, for recession analysis of ground water level time series. The program uses five different linear/nonlinear regression models to adjust individual recession segments to their proper positions in the MRC. The program can also be used to analyze the recession segments of other time series, such as daily stream discharge or stage. Some examples of field data from Croatia are used to illustrate the usefulness of its application.
Palmitoylation and Polymerization of Hepatitis C Virus NS4B Protein
Authors: Yu Guann-Yi , Lee Ki-Jeong , Gao Lu , Lai Michael M. C. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTHepatitis C Virus (HCV) NS4B protein induces a specialized membrane structure which may serve as the replication platform for HCV RNA replication. In the present study, we demonstrated that NS4B has lipid modifications (palmitoylation) on two cysteine residues (cysteines 257 and 261) at the C-terminal end. Site-specific mutagenesis of these cysteine residues on individual NS4B proteins and on an HCV subgenomic replicon showed that the lipid modifications, particularly of Cys261, are important for protein-protein interaction in the formation of the HCV RNA replication complex. We further demonstrated that NS4B can undergo polymerization. The main polymerization determinants were mapped in the N-terminal cytosolic domain of NS4B protein; however, the lipid modifications on the C terminus also facilitate the polymerization process. The lipid modification and the polymerization activity could be two properties of NS4B important for its induction of the specialized membrane structure involved in viral RNA replication.