bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Makeshift Shunts in Extrahepatic Portal Vein Obstruction in Pediatric Population
Authors: Goel Prabudh , Bhatnagar Veereshwar , Chennur Vikash Srinivasaiahsetty 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
More than 20% of patients with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) may be deemed as nonshuntable due to lack of a suitable vein. The role of “makeshift shunts” or “lesser shunts” assumes importance in such cases. In this report, the authors have shared their experience with the makeshift shunts in the management of portal hypertension in children with emphasis upon anatomic considerations, resolution of symptoms, outcomes after surgery, and shunt patency.

Materials and Methods:
During the period 1983–2018, 138 children with portal hypertension were managed under the care of a single surgeon (VB). Of them, 134 were EHPVO. Children with EHPVO were treated with splenectomy and proximal lienorenal shunt (n = 107), splenectomy and devascularization (n = 21), and makeshift shunts (n = 6). Makeshift shunts comprised (i) side-to-side right gastroepiploic vein (Rt-GEV) to left renal vein (LRV) shunt (n = 1), (ii) superior mesenteric vein (SMV) to inferior vena cava (IVC) shunt using a spiral saphenous venous graft (n = 1), (iii) side-to-side inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) to LRV shunt (n = 2), (iv) side-to-side IMV to IVC shunt (n = 1), (v) end-to-side IMV to IVC shunt (n = 1), and (vi) side-to-side IMV to LRV shunt (n = 1) in a case of crossed fused renal ectopia.

Results:
Following the creation of portosystemic shunt, a decline in portal pressure was demonstrated in all six patients. There was resolution of symptoms including hematemesis, melena, and anorectal variceal bleed. None of the patients demonstrated the features of hepatic encephalopathy. The associated portal cavernoma cholangiopathy (n = 1) also resolved following Rt-GEV to LRV shunt. Shunt patency was documented for the entire duration of follow-up (1.5–4 years) in five of six patients; the sixth patient demonstrated shunt block at 6-month follow-up but without recurrence of symptoms.

Conclusions:
Makeshift shunts offer a viable alternative to standard portosystemic shunting in pediatric patients with a nonshuntable vein. The selection of such shunts is, however, subject to surgeon’s preferences and has to be individualized to local anatomy.
Case Report: Toxocariasis Manifesting as Eosinophilic Pleural Effusion
Authors: Minamii Takahiro , Nishioka Hiroaki 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT.
Toxocariasis is a prevalent zoonosis caused by infection with the larvae of Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati. It ranges in severity from mundane to life-threatening, depending on organ involvement. The lungs are often affected, manifesting as coughing, wheezing, and chest pain. However, pleural effusions rarely occur in patients with pulmonary toxocariasis. We report the case of a 74-year-old man with highly suspected toxocariasis who presented with an eosinophilic pleural effusion and eosinophilia. He developed dyspnea and a right-sided pleural effusion. Thoracentesis revealed an exudative effusion containing numerous eosinophils. The pleural effusion continued to increase, and the eosinophilia rapidly progressed. Although the patient had not recently had contact with animals or known exposure to contaminated food, water, or soil, toxocariasis was confirmed by positive serological test results for anti-Toxocara antibodies in the serum and pleural effusion. The patient was cured with albendazole treatment for 28 days. The pleural effusion and eosinophilia resolved and did not recur. Clinicians should consider toxocariasis in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with eosinophilic pleural effusions.
Postsurgical Outcomes of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy due to Hippocampal Sclerosis Associated with Calcified Neurocysticercosis
Authors: De la Cruz Walter , Sánchez-Boluarte Sofía S. , Chacón Denisse E. , Herrera Manuel , Núñez del Prado Liza , Vásquez Carlos M. , Delgado José C. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT.
The aim of this study was to analyze postsurgical outcomes for individuals with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy, based on the presence of calcified neurocysticercosis (cNCC). A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 89 patients with MTLE-HS who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy between January 2012 and December 2020 at a basic epilepsy surgery center located in Lima, Peru. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, and diagnostic information. The postsurgical results were analyzed using bivariate analysis according to the Engel classification. We included 89 individuals with a median age of 28 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 24–37), and more than half (55.1%) were male. Seventeen (19.1%) were diagnosed with cNCC. A greater number of patients with cNCC had lived in rural areas of Peru during their early life compared with those without cNCC (12 [70.6%] versus 26 [36.1%]; P = 0.010). Patients with cNCC exhibited a greater median frequency of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures per month (1 [IQR: 0–2] versus 0 [0–0.5]; P = 0.009). Conversely, a lower proportion of patients with cNCC reported a history of an initial precipitating injury in comparison to the group without cNCC (4 [23.5%] versus 42 [58.3%]; P = 0.014). At the 1-year follow-up, most patients (82.4%) with cNCC were categorized as Engel IA. Similarly, at the 2-year follow-up, nine (75.0%) were classified as Engel IA. Our findings suggest that most patients diagnosed with cNCC exhibit favorable postsurgical outcomes, comparable to those without cNCC. Additionally, it can be postulated that cNCC may play a role as an initial precipitating injury.
Previous Malaria Exposures and Immune Dysregulation: Developing Strategies To Improve Malaria Vaccine Efficacy in Young Children
Authors: Dobbs Katherine R. , Atieli Harrysone E. , Valim Clarissa , Beeson James G. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT.
After several decades in development, two malaria vaccines based on the same antigen and with very similar constructs and adjuvants, RTS,S/AS01 (RTS,S) and R21/Matrix-M (R21), were recommended by the WHO for widespread vaccination of children. These vaccines are much-needed additions to malaria control programs that, when used in conjunction with other control measures, will help to accelerate reductions in malaria morbidity and mortality. Although R21 is not yet available, RTS,S is currently being integrated into routine vaccine schedules in some areas. However, the efficacy of RTS,S is partial, short-lived, and varies widely according to age and geographic location. It is not clear why RTS,S induces protection in some individuals and not others, what the immune mechanisms are that favor protective immunity with RTS,S, and how immune mechanisms are influenced by host and environmental factors. Several studies suggest that higher levels of previous malaria exposure negatively impact RTS,S clinical efficacy. In this article, we summarize data suggesting that previous malaria exposures negatively impact the efficacy of RTS,S and other malaria vaccine candidates. We highlight recent evidence suggesting that increasing malaria exposure impairs the generation of functional antibody responses to RTS,S. Finally, we discuss how investigation of clinical and immune factors associated with suboptimal responses to RTS,S can be used to develop strategies to optimize RTS,S, which will remain relevant to R21 and next-generation vaccines.
Implemantasi Teori Piaget Menggunakan Puzzle Pada Materi Pecahan Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Iftidatul Nurul Maiyah  , Yola Novia Pratiwi  , Lilis oktavia  , Danaris bobby Saputra  , Resti Utami  
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membantu guru memberikan pembelajaran yang lebih kreatif dan inovatif bagi siswa kelas V pada materi pecahan. Metode yang digunakan adalah Observasi dan metode Resitasi pada penerapan teori Piaget. Jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 11 siswa. Dari hasil yang didapatkan pada tahap pertama, siswa diberikan soal pretest sebanyak 5 soal berisi pecahan biasa dan siswa belum bisa menyelesaikannya. Tahap kedua, penulis menerapkan teori piaget dengan menggunakan media puzzle dan siswa sudah mulai memahami materi pecahan. Tahap ketiga, siswa diberikan quiz di balik potongan puzzle dan mengerjakannya. Pada tahap ini terdapat beberapa siswa yang masih kesulitan dalam mengerjakan. Tahap keempat, siswa dibagi menjadi dua kelompok kemudian diberi quiz penjumlahan pecahan biasa dan pecahan campuran. Pada tahap ini siswa sudah berkembang lebih baik dalam memahami dan mengerjakan materi pecahan. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan teori piaget pada materi pecahan menggunakan media puzzle dapat membantu proses belajar siswa lebih baik dari sebelumnya.
Strategi Penguatan UMKM Pasca Pandemi: Melalui Pendaftaran NIB Dan Sertifikat Halal
Authors: Sintya Wulandari  , Reno Feristyo Anarqi  , Muhammad Devra Anggara Fajari  , Ananda Cahyaning Putri Yulianto  
Published: March 2024

Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) memegang peranan penting dalam perkembangan perekonomian desa, dan berkontribusi pada penciptaan lapangan kerja baru. Namun, pandemi Covid-19 membuat UMKM mengalami kemerosotan. Melalui kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata, di Desa Kedungmoro, Kecamatan Kunir, Kabupaten Lumajang, Provinsi Jawa Timur, dibentuk pro-gram kerja khusus yang bertema Penguatan UMKM Pasca Pandemi. UMKM di Desa Kedungmoro memiliki permasalahan dasar, yaitu para pelaku UMKM belum mengenal peranan serta manfaat Nomor Induk Berusaha (NIB) dan Sertifikat Halal. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan sosialisasi pengenalan Nomor Induk Berusaha (NIB) dan sertifikat halal serta pendampingan UMKM di Desa Ke-dungmoro. Adapun usaha yang dilakukan adalah survei kelayakan UMKM, pendampingan pendaftaran UMKM dan sertifikat halal, dan pendampingan inovasi produk. Kegiatan ini dilakukan supaya dapat memberikan pengaruh dan perubahan agar UMKM Ke-dungmoro secara bertahap dapat bergerak maju menuju pasar yang lebih luas. Berdasarkan penerapan program kerja yang telah dilakukan di Desa Kedungmoro, dapat membuahkan hasil dan membawa perubahan yang baik bagi UMKM di Desa Kedungmoro.
Reforming Digital Trade Rules at the WTO: Clarifying E-Commerce Regulation Policy Space for Economic Inclusion
Authors: Ayangbah Shirley 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The purpose is to critically analyze the challenges and opportunities associated with reforming digital trade rules at the WTO, in order to explore the implications of ambiguous language and propose new principles and interpretative guidance to refine the rules.
Methodology: The methodology involves analysis of ambiguous language in existing WTO agreements and proposed e-commerce rules, examination of influence on domestic digital sector capacity, case studies of digital industrial policies and technology regulations, and a proposal for new principles and interpretative guidance.
Findings: The key findings are that ambiguity allows powerful tech giants to contest policies, impacts nurturing of domestic digital sector capacity, and burdens emerging markets. Case studies illustrate tensions around policy space for inclusive innovation.
Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The unique contributions are the proposal of new principles to refine digital trade rules, development of interpretative guidance to affirm regulatory autonomy rights, and comparison with past WTO pharmaceutical patent waivers debate to emphasize need for adaptive and inclusive regulatory frameworks. Recommendations focus on promoting economic inclusion, innovation, competitiveness, and collaborative approaches in the digital era.
Spatio-Temporal Variation Seismicity Pattern in East Java Between 2002 and 2022 Based on the b-value and Seismic Quiescence z-value
Authors: Hisyam Farizky , Susilo Adi , Anshori Muhajir , Hasan Muhammad Fathur Rouf 
Published: March 2024

East Java is one of the seismically active regions in part of the Sunda Arc whose seismicity pattern must be studied. Therefore, a spatio-temporal analysis of seismicity between 2002 - 2022 in East Java has been conducted. This analysis aims to investigate the seismotectonic conditions in the East Java region over the last twenty years, especially the seismicity patterns associated with significant earthquakes in East Java. The analysis was carried out by quantifying the spatial and temporal variations of seismicity parameters using b-value and z-value. The used data used are earthquake data from the USGS earthquake catalog during 2002 - 2022 in the East Java region. The analysis was performed using the ZMAP 6.0 program code using the maximum likelihood method. The results of the temporal analysis of b-values show that almost all significant earthquakes in East Java were characterized by a decrease in b-values of up to 0.2. Spatially, the significant earthquake on 10 April 2021 was associated with a low b-value (0.9). Temporal z-value analysis shows that the significant East Java earthquake was preceded by a quiet period (positive z-value) between 4 - 5 years (2003 - 2008 and 2012 - 2016). Spatial analysis of the z-value in the last 7 shows an increase in the z-value before the significant earthquakes occurred on 16 July 2019, 18 March 2020, and 10 April 2021. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that the b-value and z-value potentially can be used as precursors of the significant East Java earthquake.
HIGHLIGHTS

This is the first time a correlation of b-value and z-value as seismicity parameters has been carried out in East Java, Indonesia, as an attempt to determine the significant earthquake precursors
The significant earthquakes in East Java during 2002 - 2022 were marked by a decrease in b-value of up to 0.2
The quiet period in East Java lasted between 4 - 7 years, i.e. 2002 - 2009 and 2012 - 2016, characterized by a positive z-value peaked until +3.5
The z-value at the location of a significant earthquake epicenters show a positive value 2 - 3 years prior to the main quake

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in the Evaluation of Macular Retinal Microvasculature in Patients in the Early Clinical Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease – A Preliminary Report
Authors: Borucka Anna I. , Gabryelewicz Tomasz , Szaflik Jacek P. , Dorobek Małgorzata , Kita-Mosek Marta , Nesteruk Marta , Świerczyńska Marta , Wierzba Waldemar , Szaflik Jerzy 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative condition causing cognitive decline among elderly individuals. In addition to neurological deficits, a key role in the onset and subsequent progression of AD Alzheimer’s disease-specific changes is attributed to vascular factors. Retinal microvasculature and cerebral small vessels share similar anatomical features and physiological characteristics, and damage to the retinal vascular bed can be observed at any stage of AD Alzheimer’s disease. Retinal microvasculature can be visualized and assessed non-invasively using the technique of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).Aim of studyEvaluation of macular retinal microvasculature in the superficial capillary plexus based on OCT-A optical coherence tomography angiography images in patients diagnosed with the mild stage of Alzheimer’s dementia.Material and methodsThe study involved a total of 21 patients diagnosed with mild Alzheimer’s dementia confirmed by neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging studies. optical coherence tomography angiography OCT-A was used to determine vessel density in the superficial retinal capillary plexus (SRCP), i.e. generate a density map within five-field ETDRS circles with diameters of 3 mm and 6 mm.ResultsAlterations in the macular retinal capillary network were noted in all eyes studied. In the majority of eyes, there was a marked reduction in vessel density reflected in the quantitative metrics in the density map around the FAZ in at least one of the scans obtained for a given eye (3 mm x 3 mm and/ or 6 mm x 6 mm) and in the macroscopic evaluation of the superficial and deep capillary plexuses, capillary thinning, and irregular area/mexpansion of the FAZ.ConclusionsOptical coherence tomography angiography OCT-A has the potential to serve as a valuable tool for screening or monitoring the response to therapies in patients with Alzheimer’s disease AD. However, further research is necessary to standardize study methodologies and determine whether impaired retinal microvasculature in patients with Alzheimer-type MCI or preclinical Alzheimer’s disease AD correlates with the advancement of cognitive decline and loss of neurons and cerebral blood vessels in individual Alzheimer’s disease AD patients and, hence, has clinical utility.
VACINAÇÃO, QUALIFICAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TRABALHO EM EQUIPE: DO CONHECIMENTO AOS ENTRAVES
Authors: Freitas Manuela Lima de , Leal Juliana Alves Leite , Marinho Marcia Cristina Graça , Souza Marcio Costa de 
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: Analisar a intersecção entre vacinação e qualificação profissional da equipe de Saúde da Atenção Primária sob a perspectiva da Integralidade em um município da região metropolitana de Salvador-Bahia. Método: pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória realizada com trabalhadores da Estratégia Saúde da Família da área adscrita. A entrevista semiestruturada e o diário de campo foram as técnicas utilizadas para a produção dos dados. Para interpretação utilizou-se a hermenêutica dialética com intuito de fortalecer a subjetividade dos participantes, e buscar as convergências, diferenças e complementariedades encontradas nas falas e conectá-las com o diário de campo e com o que tem produzido cientificamente. Resultados: revelam que a equipe precisa ser envolvida nas práticas de vacinação contextualizada em ambiente propício para a troca de saberes, com espaços para acolhimento, vínculo e cuidado interprofissional, no intuito de superar e transformar o processo de trabalho e o cuidado em saúde através da reflexão conquistada por meio de mudança que podem ser almejadas com a Educação permanente em saúde. Conclusão: O não envolvimento da equipe no processo de promoção e orientação referente a vacinação limita e fragmenta o cuidado ainda pautado em ações isoladas e não compartilhada entre a equipe, e que dificulta a longitudinalidade e a coordenação do cuidado.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM DỊCH TỄ , LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG TRẺ SUY HÔ HẤP CẤP TẠI KHOA HỒI SỨC CẤP CỨU BỆNH VIỆN NHI THANH HÓA 2021 - 2022
Authors: Trọng La Xuân , Thắng Phạm Văn 
Published: March 2024

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm dịch tễ, lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng của trẻ suy hô hấp cấp tại khoa Hồi sức cấp cứu Bệnh viện Nhi Thanh Hóa.Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang hồi/tiến cứu 148 bệnh nhân chẩn đoán suy hô hấp cấp(SHHC) điều trị cấp cứu tại khoa Hồi sức cấp cứu Bệnh viện Nhi Thanh Hóa từ tháng 6/2021- 6/2022. Bệnh nhân vào khoa Hồi sức được khám lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng, đủ tiêu chuẩn tiến hành phân loại theo mức độ suy hô hấp, type suy hô hấp và điều trị theo phác đồ .Kết quả : Tỷ lệ SHHC là 22,5%, số bệnh nhân từ 1-12 tháng (77,1%). Tỷ lệ nam/nữ: 1,24/1. Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân suy dinh dưỡng (22,3%). SpO2<90% (72,9%); 32,3% thở khò khè. 53,1% có thông khí phổi giảm. Ran ẩm hay gặp nhấ t,78.4% có nhịp tim nhanh. Thay đổi ý thức hay gặp nhất kích thích và li bì; PaCO2 từ 61-80mmHg chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất. 56,8% thay đổi số lượng bạch cầu; 47,3% CRP trên 6mg/l.66,2% tổn thương nhu mô phổi; ứ khí và xẹp phổi 33,8%. SHH type 2(53%), type1 (33%), type 3(16%). SHHC type 1, type 2 đều thở nhanh, tím và SpO2 giảm dưới 90%, RLLN (72,7%), ran ẩm hay gặp nhất. SHHC type 3 đều có tím. SHHC đều nhịp tim nhanh, type 1 (88,9%); Thay đổi ý thức hay gặp nhất là kích thích; type 2 tỷ lệ cao nhất.Kết luận: SHHC có biểu hiện lâm sàng đa dạng, bước đầu phân độ , type dựa vào lâm sàng, phân type dựa vào khí máu động mạch là rất cần thiết để chẩn đoán sớm, xác định nguyên nhân xử trí phù hợp ban đầu đối với từng type SHHC.
Ending Educational Inequities: Teachers Finding New and Creative Solutions
Authors: Allan Julie , Hurtig Janise 
Published: March 2024

**Julie Allan**, one of the authors of *Students, Teachers, Families, and a Socially Just Education: Rewriting the Grammar of Schooling to Unsettle Identities* (written with Francesca Peruzzo) will be in conversation with **Janise Hurtig**, Lived Places Publishing Collection Editor. They will discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic reinforced and exacerbated many of the inequalities in education, and led to a continuation of what sociologists have described as a ‘grammar of schooling’. This is an idea that describes features of education systems that persist throughout time, contexts, and cultures and includes the division of knowledge into separate subjects, rigid school timetables, the reproduction of particular forms of knowledge alongside the silencing of others, and exclusions and marginalisation from regular schooling. Yet, in their research with teachers, school leaders, and students in the US, UK, Australia, Chile, Malaysia, and Italy, Julie and Francesca uncovered many instances of teachers finding creative solutions to educational inequities and new ways to engage students in learning. Julie and Janise will discuss these innovations and explore the possibilities for these to become part of the new ‘normal’.