bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel probabilistic modeling for multilateral random attacks in cyber‐physical system reliability analysis
Authors: Huang Jiayue , Yang Jianfeng , Zheng Zhoutao , Qiu Zhengxia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCyber‐Physical Systems (CPS) are at the forefront of the intersection between information technology and physical operations, revolutionizing industries such as communication, automation, control, and intelligent transportation. However, evaluating the reliability of CPS, especially in the presence of multilateral random attacks, poses a complex challenge. This paper introduces an inventive probabilistic modeling approach to enhance the analysis of CPS reliability under the influence of multilateral random attacks. We provide an overview of fundamental CPS concepts and their significant role in modern society, followed by a comprehensive exploration of multilateral random attacks. Our novel probabilistic modeling approach is presented as a means to improve the accuracy and robustness of CPS reliability assessments when faced with multilateral random attacks. Numerical experiments and simulations validate the effectiveness of our innovative approach, emphasizing its potential to fortify the reliability of Cyber‐Physical Systems.
Exponential stability of delayed discrete‐time systems with averaged delayed impulses
Authors: Sun Bin , Zhang Yu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the exponential stability of nonlinear discrete‐time systems with time‐varying state delay and delayed impulses, where the delays in impulses are not fixed. Specifically, the study is separated into two cases: (1) stability of delayed discrete‐time systems with destabilizing delayed impulses, where the time delays in impulses can be flexible and even larger than the length of the impulsive interval; (2) stability of delayed discrete‐time systems with mixed delayed impulses (means stabilizing and destabilizing delayed impulses exist simultaneously), where the time delays in impulses are unfixed between two adjacent impulsive instants. First, the concept of average impulsive delay (AID) is extended to discrete‐time systems with delayed impulses. Then, some Lyapunov‐based exponential stability criteria are provided for delayed discrete‐time systems with delayed impulses, where the impulses satisfy the average impulsive interval (AII) condition and the delays in impulses satisfy the AID condition. For the delayed discrete‐time systems with mixed delayed impulses, the exponential stability criterion is provided by limiting the geometric average of the impulses' strengths. The obtained results can be used to study the delayed discrete‐time systems with some large impulses which may even be unbounded. It's also shown that the delays in impulses can have a stabilizing effect on the stability of delayed discrete‐time systems. Some numerical examples are also provided to illustrate the effectiveness and advantage of the theoretical results.
Multi‐Purpose Fluorescent Powder: Development of Latent Fingerprints and Glove Prints
Authors: Kaur Rajdeep , Singh Prabhpreet 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA novel hydroxy benzothiazole based yellow fluorescent powder (labelled as 2‐SiO2) was prepared by adsorption of 2 on silica (4 % w/w) for visualization of latent fingerprints (LFPs) and glove prints using powder dusting method. The solid‐state spectrum of 2‐SiO2 shows emission peak at 550 nm with CIE‐1931 coordinates (
) of 0.42, 0.50 and yellow colour purity is 58.6 %. The high fluorescence of 2 in the solid‐state could be attributed to AIE+ESIPT features. Due to high fluorescence
of 2‐SiO2 (4 % w/w) powder, fluorescence imaging of LFPs on a variety of porous and non‐porous substrates including glove prints, up to levels 1–3, without any post‐treatment has been achieved. The 2‐SiO2 showed strong interaction with D‐Glucose, urea and lactate components present in sweat. The practical applications of 2‐SiO2 powder have been demonstrated by analysis of LFPs, development of LFPs at different temperatures; aged, stained fingerprints and preservation of developed fingerprints for documentation purposes.
Metal‐Free Regioselective Oxidative C−H Trifluoromethylation of Imidazothiazoles and Their Antitubercular Activity
Authors: Chirra Nagaraju , Shanigarapu Varshitha , Pedapati Ravi Kumar , Varakala Saiprasad Dasugari , Bollikanda Rakesh K. , Sriram Dharmarajan , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Kantevari Srinivas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHere we report a metal‐free direct C−H trifluoromethylation of the imidazothiazoles 7(a–ad) using sodium triflouromethanesulfinate (Langlois’ reagent) and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant. The control studies show that the protocol follows the radical reaction pathway and provides excellent yields of trifluoromethylated products 9(a–ad) with broad substrate scope and regioselective operation. Moreover, the newly synthesized compounds exhibit promising antimycobacterial activity.
Optoelectronic Tweezers Micro‐Well System for Highly Efficient Single‐Cell Trapping, Dynamic Sorting, and Retrieval
Authors: Gan Chunyuan , Zhang Jiaying , Chen Bo , Wang Ao , Xiong Hongyi , Zhao Jiawei , Wang Chutian , Liang Shuzhang , Feng Lin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSingle‐cell arrays have emerged as a versatile method for executing single‐cell manipulations across an array of biological applications. In this paper, an innovative microfluidic platform is unveiled that utilizes optoelectronic tweezers (OETs) to array and sort individual cells at a flow rate of 20 µL min−1. This platform is also adept at executing dielectrophoresis (DEP)‐based, light‐guided single‐cell retrievals from designated micro‐wells. This presents a compelling non‐contact method for the rapid and straightforward sorting of cells that are hard to distinguish. Within this system, cells are individually confined to micro‐wells, achieving an impressive high single‐cell capture rate exceeding 91.9%. The roles of illuminating patterns, flow velocities, and applied electrical voltages are delved into in enhancing the single‐cell capture rate. By integrating the OET system with the micro‐well arrays, the device showcases adaptability and a plethora of functions. It can concurrently trap and segregate specific cells, guided by their dielectric signatures. Experimental results, derived from a mixed sample of HepG2 and L‐O2 cells, reveal a sorting accuracy for L‐O2 cells surpassing 91%. Fluorescence markers allow for the identification of sequestered, fluorescence‐tagged HepG2 cells, which can subsequently be selectively released within the chip. This platform's rapidity in capturing and releasing individual cells augments its potential for future biological research and applications.
The Role of Grain Boundaries on Ion Migration and Charge Recombination in Halide Perovskites
Authors: Zhou Wencai , Chen Xiaoqing , Zhou Rongkun , Cai Hongbo , Wang Yun , Zhang Tiankai , Zheng Zilong , Gao Feng , Zhang Yongzhe , Yan Hui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGrain boundaries (GBs) have a significant role in polycrystalline perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, there is ongoing debate regarding the impact of GBs on the performance and long‐term stability of PSCs. Employing the first‐principles molecular dynamics for perovskites, the iodine vacancy defect migrations both in bulk and at GBs are investigated. i) The positive iodine vacancy (VI+) is found that have both lower formation energy (1.4 eV) and activation energy (0.18 eV) than those of neutral iodine vacancy (VI), statistically. It indicated the VI+ acts as the dominant migrated iodine vacancy rather than VI; ii) the iodine vacancy at GBs has ≈0.48 eV higher activation energy than those in bulk, which leads to the accumulation of iodine vacancy at GBs; iii) the presence of VI+ result in a 3‐fold increase in charge recombination ratio at GBs, compared to pristine PSCs. Based on quantum molecular dynamics statistical results, which are consistent with experimental measurements, insights into iodine vacancy migration both at GBs and in the bulk are gained. This understanding can be valuable for defects engineering related to ion migration, in order to improve the long‐term stability and promote the performance of PSCs.
Multi‐Scale Dispersion Engineering on Biomass‐Derived Materials for Ultra‐Wideband and Wide‐Angle Microwave Absorption
Authors: Tan Ruiyang , Liu Yijie , Li Weijin , Zhou Jintang , Chen Ping , Zavabeti Ali , Zeng Haibo , Yao Zhengjun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEfficient electromagnetic waves (EMWs) absorbing materials play a vital role in the electronic era. In traditional research on microwave absorbing (MA) materials, the synergistic modulation of material dispersion and structural dispersion of EMWs by incorporating multi‐scale effects has frequently been overlooked, resulting in an untapped absorption potential. In this study, the material dispersion customization method based on biomass carbon is determined by quantitative analysis. The study carries out thermodynamic modulation of carbon skeleton, micro‐nano porous engineering, and phosphorus atom donor doping in turn. The dielectric properties are improved step by step. In terms of structural dispersion design, inspired by the theory of antenna reciprocity, a Vivaldi antenna‐like absorber is innovatively proposed. With the effective combination of material dispersion and structural dispersion engineering by 3D printing technology, the ultra‐wideband absorption of 36.8 GHz and the angular stability of close to 60 ° under dual polarization are successfully realized. The work breaks the deadlock of mutual constraints between wave impedance and attenuation rate through the dispersion modulation methods on multiple scales, unlocking the potential for designing next‐generation broadband wide‐angle absorbers.
Effect of Fermentation Time and Varietal Difference on the Pasting Properties and Bread‐Making Ability of Cassava Starch (Manihot esculenta)
Authors: Ndjang Marie Madeleine Nanga , Klang Mathilde Julie , Fadimatou Bebbe , Njapndounke Bilkissou , Foko Marius Edith Kouam , Kamdem Michael Hermann Kengne , Tonga Jordan Lembe , Mmutlane Edwin Mpho , Ndinteh Derek Tantoh , Kayitesi Eugenie , Zambou François Ngoufack 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research is to investigate the breadmaking ability of three cassava starch varieties (96/1414, TME15, and YARA) grown in Cameroon. To achieve this, starch samples from each variety are collected before and during fermentation to determine chemical, rheological, and bread‐making properties. They are analyzed for pH, titratable acidity (TTA), lactic acid (LA), specific volume (SPV), and pasting properties using known method; These parameters are used to perform a principal component analysis (PCA). The morphological characteristics are studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Result shows that, there is a decrease in pH (6.21–3.8) with an increase in TTA (0.34–7.05) and LA (0.15–6.46) with fermentation time. In parallel, a decrease of pasting properties and an increase in SPV (1.15–2.82 cm3 g−1) are observed. The PCA surrounds 96/1414 day 30, YARA day 30, and TME15 day 25 α 30 as the best samples, and the SEM shows a superficial degradation of the granules after fermentation. Thus, this study suggests that the optimal sour cassava starch for bread‐making can be obtained from 96/1414 day 30, TME15 day 25 α 30, and YARA day 30. The variety 96/1414 appears to have the best bread‐making ability while TME15 appears to be most suitable for short fermentation time.
Water‐facilitated targeted repair of degraded cathodes for sustainable lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Lin Jiao , Zhang Xiaodong , Li Zhujie , Fan Ersha , Lv Xiaowei , Chen Renjie , Wu Feng , Li Li 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDirectly repairing end‐of‐life lithium‐ion battery cathodes poses significant challenges due to the diverse compositions of the wastes. Here, we propose a water‐facilitated targeted repair strategy applicable to various end‐of‐life batches and cathodes. The process involves initiating structural repair and reconstructing particle morphology in degraded LiMn2O4 (LMO) through an additional thermal drive post‐ambient water remanganization, achieving elemental repair. Compared to solid‐phase repair, the resulting LMO material exhibits superior electrochemical and kinetic characteristics. The theoretical analysis highlights the impact of Mn defects on the structural stability and electron transfer rate of degraded materials. The propensity of Mn ions to diffuse within the Mn layer, specifically occupying the Mn 16d site instead of the Li 8a site, theoretically supports the feasibility of ambient water remanganization. Moreover, this method proves effective in the relithiation of degraded layered cathode materials, yielding single crystals. By combining low energy consumption, environmental friendliness, and recyclability, our study proposes a sustainable approach to utilizing spent batteries. This strategy holds the potential to enable the industrial direct repair of deteriorated cathode materials.
Enhanced recovery after endoscopic sinus surgery: Establishing comprehensive protocols for improvement of perioperative patient care
Authors: Barrette Louis‐Xavier , Cohen William G. , Chao Tiffany , Douglas Jennifer E. , Kearney James , Thaler Erica , Kohanski Michael A. , Adappa Nithin , Palmer James N. , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) have not been widely implemented, and a critical review of ERAS recommendations and a comprehensive analysis of the supporting literature has not been undertaken. We describe an ESS ERAS protocol including key perioperative interventions for patients undergoing ESS and assess the available evidence.Data SourcesA search was conducted of all relevant ERAS literature in otorhinolaryngology, anesthesia, and surgery using Medline (via PubMed), and Scopus. Keywords included “endoscopic sinus surgery,” “sinus surgery,” “FESS,” and “ESS” for each area of intervention. Where applicable, the authors considered high‐level evidence for recommendations devised for patient cohorts in otorhinolaryngology not undergoing ESS, as well as cohorts undergoing surgical procedures for which ERAS protocols have been extensively evaluated.MethodsStudies received grades of “low,” “moderate,” or “high” quality evidence based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine criteria. Each intervention was subsequently assigned a grade of “strong,” “weak,” or “conditional” based on the available evidence.ResultsStrong recommendations include comprehensive patient education and counseling, minimization of preoperative fasting, application of topical/local anesthetics and vasoconstrictors, use of total intravenous anesthesia, avoidance of pharyngeal packing, and use of postoperative nasal irrigation and multimodal analgesia. Conditional recommendations include antibiotic prophylaxis. Weak recommendations include perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, controlled hypotension, and use of postoperative nasal packing/dressing.ConclusionA comprehensive ERAS protocol for ESS can include a variety of high yield, evidence‐based interventions that would likely improve surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction.
The spectrum of pre‐mRNA splicing in autism
Authors: Engal Eden , Zhang Zhenwei , Geminder Ophir , Jaffe‐Herman Shiri , Kay Gillian , Ben‐Hur Asa , Salton Maayan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDisruptions in spatiotemporal gene expression can result in atypical brain function. Specifically, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by abnormalities in pre‐mRNA splicing. Abnormal splicing patterns have been identified in the brains of individuals with ASD, and mutations in splicing factors have been found to contribute to neurodevelopmental delays associated with ASD. Here we review studies that shed light on the importance of splicing observed in ASD and that explored the intricate relationship between splicing factors and ASD, revealing how disruptions in pre‐mRNA splicing may underlie ASD pathogenesis. We provide an overview of the research regarding all splicing factors associated with ASD and place a special emphasis on five specific splicing factors—HNRNPH2, NOVA2, WBP4, SRRM2, and RBFOX1—known to impact the splicing of ASD‐related genes. In the discussion of the molecular mechanisms influenced by these splicing factors, we lay the groundwork for a deeper understanding of ASD's complex etiology. Finally, we discuss the potential benefit of unraveling the connection between splicing and ASD for the development of more precise diagnostic tools and targeted therapeutic interventions.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution
RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA
RNA‐Based Catalysis > RNA Catalysis in Splicing and Translation
TBA equations and exact WKB analysis in deformed supersymmetric quantum mechanics
Authors: Ito Katsushi , Shu Hongfei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We study the spectral problem in deformed supersymmetric quantum mechanics with polynomial superpotential by using the exact WKB method and the TBA equations. We apply the ODE/IM correspondence to the Schrödinger equation with an effective potential deformed by integrating out the fermions, which admits a continuous deformation parameter. We find that the TBA equations are described by the ℤ4-extended ones. For cubic superpotential corresponding to the symmetric double-well potential, the TBA system splits into the two D3-type TBA equations. We investigate in detail this example based on the TBA equations and their analytic continuation as well as the massless limit. We find that the energy spectrum obtained from the exact quantization condition is in good agreement with the diagonalization approach of the Hamiltonian.
Molecular mechanisms and regulation of recombination frequency and distribution in plants
Authors: Zou Meilin , Shabala Sergey , Zhao Chenchen , Zhou Meixue 
Published: March 2024

AbstractKey messageRecent developments in understanding the distribution and distinctive features of recombination hotspots are reviewed and approaches are proposed to increase recombination frequency in coldspot regions.AbstractRecombination events during meiosis provide the foundation and premise for creating new varieties of crops. The frequency of recombination in different genomic regions differs across eukaryote species, with recombination generally occurring more frequently at the ends of chromosomes. In most crop species, recombination is rare in centromeric regions. If a desired gene variant is linked in repulsion with an undesired variant of a second gene in a region with a low recombination rate, obtaining a recombinant plant combining two favorable alleles will be challenging. Traditional crop breeding involves combining desirable genes from parental plants into offspring. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of recombination and factors affecting the occurrence of meiotic recombination is important for crop breeding. Here, we review chromosome recombination types, recombination mechanisms, genes and proteins involved in the meiotic recombination process, recombination hotspots and their regulation systems and discuss how to increase recombination frequency in recombination coldspot regions.
Manifestations of xenophobia in AI systems
Authors: Tomasev Nenad , Maynard Jonathan Leader , Gabriel Iason 
Published: March 2024

AbstractXenophobia is one of the key drivers of marginalisation, discrimination, and conflict, yet many prominent machine learning fairness frameworks fail to comprehensively measure or mitigate the resulting xenophobic harms. Here we aim to bridge this conceptual gap and help facilitate safe and ethical design of artificial intelligence (AI) solutions. We ground our analysis of the impact of xenophobia by first identifying distinct types of xenophobic harms, and then applying this framework across a number of prominent AI application domains, reviewing the potential interplay between AI and xenophobia on social media and recommendation systems, healthcare, immigration, employment, as well as biases in large pre-trained models. These help inform our recommendations towards an inclusive, xenophilic design of future AI systems.
Farmers’ Willingness to Participate in a Carbon Sequestration Program – A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Block Julia B. , Danne Michael , Mußhoff Oliver 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFarmers can counteract global warming by drawing carbon dioxide from the air into agricultural soils by building up humus. Humus programs were developed to motivate farmers for even more humus formation (= carbon sequestration) through an additional financial incentive. These programs are still at an early stage of development, which is why the number of participating farmers and research work is still low. This study is the first to analyze the willingness of German farmers to participate in hypothetical humus programs. The results of a discrete choice experiment show that a (higher) threshold for the payout of the premium, regional (rather than field-specific) reference values, and the risk of repayment clearly discourage farmers from participating. Program providers must more than double the premium (set at around 240 € per hectare and 0.1% humus increase) to maintain farmers’ willingness to participate despite a payout threshold. Regional reference values and an additional premium/repayment system would lead to an increase in the premium of around 20 € per hectare in order to keep the willingness to participate at the same level. The motivation to build up humus, the desire to maximize subsidies, and a higher livestock density have a positive influence on farmers’ decision to participate. Farm size and risk attitude have an impact on farmers’ preferences for program design. The study is relevant for policymakers and non-governmental organizations concerned with carbon management, as our findings highlight pathways for efficient, targeted designs of humus programs and carbon sequestration policies.