bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term health-related quality of life following surgery for oesophageal cancer
Authors: Djärv T , Lagergren J , Blazeby J M , Lagergren P 
Published: June 2008

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to assess health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with surgically cured oesophageal cancer.

Methods
A Swedish nationwide cohort of patients undergoing oesophagectomy for cancer between April 2001 and January 2004 was studied prospectively, and compared with a Swedish age- and sex-adjusted reference population. Validated European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaires were used to assess HRQL at 6 months and 3 years after surgery. A mean score difference of 10 or more between groups was considered clinically relevant and tested further for statistical significance.

Results
Of 358 patients, 117 (32·7 per cent) survived for at least 3 years. Of these, 87 patients (74·4 per cent) responded to the questionnaires. Six months after surgery, most aspects of HRQL were substantially worse than in the reference population with no improvement at 3 years. Patients alive at 3 years reported significantly poorer role and social function, and significantly more problems with fatigue, diarrhoea, appetite loss, nausea and vomiting, than in the reference population.

Conclusion
HRQL in long-term survivors after oesophagectomy does not improve between 6 months and 3 years after surgery, and is worse than that in a comparable reference population.
Two‐Phase Sequential Simulation of a Fluidized Bed Reformer
Authors: Habibi R. , Hajizadeh S. , Sotudeh‐Gharebagh R. , Mostoufi N. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA two‐phase flow model is adapted in order to predict the performance of a fluidized bed reformer using the sequential modular simulator. Since there are physical and chemical phenomena interacting in the reformer, two sub‐models appear to be necessary to describe the overall model. These are the hydrodynamic and reaction sub‐models. The hydrodynamic sub‐model is based on the dynamic two‐phase model and the reaction sub‐model is derived from the literature. In the overall model, the bed is divided into several sections. At each section, the flow of the gas is considered as plug flow through the bubble phase and to be perfectly mixed through the emulsion phase. Two sets of experimental data from the literature at different hydrodynamic regimes were used in order to validate the proposed model. A close agreement was observed between the model predictions and the experimental data. The model proposed in this work may be used as a framework for the development of sophisticated models for non‐ideal reactors inside process simulators.
Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of a Spouted Bed
Authors: Woinaroschy A. , Jinescu G. , Petrescu M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA three‐layer neural network, based on 192 sets of experimental data obtained by the authors, was built in order to simulate the influence of four main process parameters on the minimum and stationary spouting velocity and on the pressure drop in a spouted bed. The simulations with the neural net are in good agreement with experimental learning data, and the overall average absolute error is 5.43 %. The neural net was used in the framework of a Monte Carlo simulation using CRYSTAL BALL®. The result of 100,000 trials revealed the percentage contributions of the process parameters to the variance of the selected state variables. Since there is significant uncertainty concerning the design equations of spouted beds, the results of this work should be useful for the design of such devices.
Modeling of the Substrate and Product Transfer Coefficients for Ethanol Fermentation
Authors: Žerajić S. , Savković‐Stevanović J. , Grbavčić Ž. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe transfer phenomena of the substrate and product for ethanol fermentation with immobilized biocatalyst were investigated. Fermentation was carried out with a biocatalyst consisting of Ca‐alginate gel in the form of two‐layer spherical beads in anaerobic conditions. The determination of kinetic parameters was achieved by fitting bioreaction progress curves to the experimental data. The calculation of the diffusion coefficients was performed by numerical methods for experimental conditions. Finally, the glucose and ethanol transfer coefficients are defined and determined, using the effective diffusion coefficients.
Evaluation of an Entropy‐Based Combustion Model using Stochastic Reactors
Authors: Leicher J. , Wirtz S. , Scherer V. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe entropy transport concept (ETC) presented in this paper is a novel approach to describe reaction systems such that the dynamic behavior of a chemical system can be reproduced with a minimum in independent parameters. It is shown that, for adiabatic conditions, the mixture fraction and the reaction entropy are sufficient to describe combustion processes without significant loss of information. Entropy is used as a measure of the reaction progress in this context. In order to evaluate the applicability of the ETC for combustion modeling in turbulent systems, the entropy transport concept was implemented into a stochastic reactor model. For several test cases, the results of this ETC‐based reactor were compared with a reactor that directly integrates the species transport equations.
Flash Evaporation in Cyclones
Authors: Löffler M. K. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFlash processes have been investigated several times [1–4]. This study focuses on the flash process taking place in a cyclone. The separated and extracted steam expands directly into a cylinder of a piston engine. In contrast to known flash expanders, the pressure drops continuously within a short time. Of special interest is the efficiency of phase separation which is critical to the feasibility of the piston process with internal flash evaporation.
Particle Classification by Multishaft Disk Separator
Authors: Taamneh Y. , Steinke L. , Ripperger S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractParticle classification by sieving filtration using rotating disk filters mounted on single and double hollow shafts was investigated. The shaft and disks were enclosed in a stainless steel housing. Parameters such as particle concentration, feed flow rate and rotation speed of the filter disk were investigated to study their influence on the filtrate flux rate and particle classification. The filtrate flux rate was not affected by increasing the particle concentration. The analyzed particle size distributions were found to be narrow when the particle concentration increased. Increasing the rotation speed of the shaft produced a narrow particle size distribution. Increasing the feed flow rate (enhanced filtration pressure difference) resulted in a wider particle size distribution, but beyond a certain point a cake will form.
Cyclone Washer Adapted from an American‐Type Cyclone Separator
Authors: Majewski R. , Boulos Elias R. , Taqueda M. E. S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA modified cyclone washer was designed, fabricated, and its collection efficiency evaluated. This equipment consists of an American‐type cyclone separator with a triple cone and a spray nozzle was introduced into its cylindrical body. The study consisted of an experimental evaluation of the operating conditions at ambient and higher than ambient temperatures, varying chimney height and water flow rate, with the purpose of humidifying the dust. The collection efficiency of the cyclone washer was evaluated particles of micronized quartz with an average diameter of 7.48 μm and a density of 2.650 g/cm3. The amount of particles varied from 20–100 mg/m3 of air. An average efficiency of 97.07 ± 1.03 % was obtained with four spray nozzles, a chimney height of 0.645 m and 0.358 m3/s of gas.
Dynamic Process Model for Nanoparticle Precipitation in Microemulsion Systems
Authors: Adityawarman D. , Niemann B. , Sundmacher K. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe controlled technical‐scale production of nanoparticles is a very important aspect in nanotechnology. The synthesis of nanoparticles by microemulsion precipitation is a laboratory‐scale technique which has to be scaled up to technical use. For a better understanding of this complex process, a numerically efficient process model was derived which is applicable to CFD studies, process control and the analysis of the scale‐up behavior. The model contains microemulsion specific nucleation kinetics allowing for the discrete character of the system on a molecular scale, and growth kinetics adopted from bulk phase approaches. The major output of this process model is the computationally efficient and reliable determination of the mean particle diameter as a function of time. A comparison with experimentally obtained data from barium sulfate precipitation showed a qualitatively good agreement.
Interrelation of Flooding and Complete Dispersion in Agitated Gas‐Liquid Contactors
Authors: Babalona E. , Markopoulos J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDespite the fact that the complete dispersion characteristics in agitated gas‐liquid contactors are operationally important, the flooding‐loading transition is widely used as a design criterion, due to its experimental convenience and accuracy. Moreover, limited data are available in the literature on the interrelation of the flooding‐loading and the loading‐complete dispersion transitions, although several investigators have worked on these two transition stages. Thus, knowledge of the interrelation between these two stages would be of theoretical and practical importance. In this work, the dependence of the stirrer speed at complete dispersion,nCD, on the stirrer speed at flooding,nF, was experimentally studied, in coalescing and non‐coalescing systems, using Rushton turbines of two different diameters. The experimental results, having an accuracy of < 5 %, are given in the form of a dimensionless correlation.
Model Development for MEOR Process in Conventional Non‐Fractured Reservoirs and Investigation of Physico‐Chemical Parameter Effects
Authors: Behesht M. , Roostaazad R. , Farhadpour F. , Pishvaei M. R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA three‐dimensional multi‐component transport model in a two‐phase oil‐water system was developed. The model includes separated terms to account for the dispersion, convection, injection, growth and death of microbes, and accumulation. For the first time, effects of both wettability alteration of reservoir rock from oil wet to water wet and reduction in interfacial tension (IFT) simultaneously on relative permeability and capillary pressure curves were included in a MEOR simulation model. Transport equations were considered for the bacteria, nutrients, and metabolite (bio‐surfactant) in the matrix, reduced interfacial tension on phase trapping, surfactant and polymer adsorption, and effect of polymer viscosity on mobility of the aqueous phase. The model was used to simulate effects of physico‐chemical parameters, namely flooding time schedules, washing water flowrate, substrate concentration, permeability, polymer and salinity concentration on Original Oil In Place (OOIP) in a hypothetical reservoir.
Precipitation and Characterization of Chelerythrine Microparticles by the Supercritical Antisolvent Process
Authors: Hong H. L. , Suo Q. L. , Li F. W. , Wei X. H. , Zhang J. B. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractChelerythrine was successfully micronized from methanol solution using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SC‐CO2) as an antisolvent via the Solution Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluids through the Prefilming Atomization (SEDS‐PA) process. The morphology and particle size of the chelerythrine microparticles were visually analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For the purpose of the optimizing operating conditions of the SEDS‐PA process, the influences of the experimental variables, i.e., temperature, pressure, solution flow rate and initial solution concentration, on the particle size and morphology of chelerythrine microparticles are discussed in detail. The results show that the best process conditions for the micronization of chelerythrine are: T = 313 K, P = 20 MPa, C = 2.0 g/L and F = 2.0 mL/min. The precipitates obtained under the optimized experimental conditions are short rod‐like chelerythrine microparticles with a mean particle size of 0.1–1 μm in width.
Spiral waves in bio‐inspired oscillatory dissipative media
Authors: Corinto Fernando , Lanza Valentina , Gilli Marco 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSpiral waves are the most universal form of patterns arising in dissipative media of oscillatory and excitable nature. By focusing on oscillatory networks, whose cells admit of a Lur'e description and are linearly connected through weak couplings, the occurrence of spiral waves has been studied. In particular, the global dynamic behavior of such networks is investigated through the phase deviation equation obtained by the joint application of the harmonic balance method and Malkin's theorem. Furthermore, a simple condition for verifying the occurrence of spiral waves is provided. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of embedded emulated‐digital CNN‐UM global analogic programming unit on FPGA and its application
Authors: Vörösházi Zsolt , Kiss András , Nagy Zoltán , Szolgay Péter 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe paper addresses the issue of implementing an embedded global analogic programming unit (GAPU) on the reconfigurable emulated‐digital cellular neural/nonlinear networks universal machine (CNN‐UM) architecture that has been extended by a flexible Xilinx MicroBlaze soft processor core to take full advantage of the joint computing power of high‐speed distributed arithmetics and programmability. The implemented GAPU provides a stand‐alone operation, which is capable of controlling complex sophisticated CNN analogic algorithms similar to various visual microprocessors, such as the ACE4k, ACE16k, and Bi‐i vision systems. The quality of the embedded GAPU implementation is demonstrated by an analogic algorithm, in which sequences of template operations are required. Based on the experiments, several important issues relating to the acceleration efficiency, accuracy, cell size, and area consumption are discussed and compared with different CNN‐UM implementations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A heat shock protein gene (Hsp70.1) is critically involved in the generation of the immune response to myelin antigen
Authors: Mycko Marcin P. , Cwiklinska Hanna , Walczak Agata , Libert Claude , Raine Cedric S. , Selmaj Krzysztof W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractProtracted inflammation has been associated with the generation of autoimmune responses. In this respect, increase in the chaperonin, heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) is an outcome of prolonged inflammatory stress. Previous experiments have shown that overexpression of inducible hsp70 in vitro enhanced myelin autoantigen recognition. To prove the role of hsp70 in myelin‐directed responses in vivo, we applied a mouse deficient in the major gene encoding inducible hsp70, hsp70.1. Hsp70.1–/– mice sensitized for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide 35–55, displayed almost complete resistance to the disease. This correlated with the loss of T cell proliferation and IFN‐γ production in response to MOG35–55. T cell transfer experiments as well as antigen presentation assays in vitro demonstrated that hsp70 deficiency was associated with dysfunction in the activation of autoreactive T cells. Moreover, T cell responses to ovalbumin (OVA) peptide 323–339 were altered and CD4+ T cells were more prone to TCR‐induced apoptosis, suggesting broader spectrum of T cell defect in hsp70.1–/– mice. These results provide compelling evidence for generalized effect mediated by inducible hsp70 in the recognition of myelin self and non‐self antigens that influences the cytokine profile of the immune response affecting autoimmune demyelination.
Development of CTL memory despite arrested clonal expansion
Authors: van Stipdonk Marianne J. B. , Sluijter Marjolein , Han Wanda G. H. , Offringa Rienk 
Published: June 2008

AbstractActivation of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response in an antigen‐exposed lymph node involves a great diversity of encounters between naive CTL and APC that differ in both duration and quality. This broad spectrum of priming events instigates a complex blend of CTL developmental pathways. Using an experimental system that allows tight control over CTL priming, we have singled out defined priming events and analyzed the impact of the resulting instructional program on the effector and memory phases of the CTL response. As expected, prolonged antigenic stimulation induces potent CTL expansion, effector function and CTL memory. In contrast, CTL that have received suboptimal stimulation fail to undergo extensive expansion. Nevertheless these arrested CTL persist long term and acquire memory function. Thus, our data demonstrate that CTL memory can develop as a result of a suboptimal stimulation that causes arrested clonal expansion.
Cover Picture: Clonally expanded plasma cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients produce myelin‐specific antibodies – Eur. J. Immunol. 7/2008
Authors: von Büdingen Hans‐Christian , Harrer Melanie D. , Kuenzle Sandra , Meier Mirjam , Goebels Norbert 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe cover shows a confocal micrograph of myelinated nervous tissue at the rim of a demyelinating lesion in the brain white matter of a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS). Myelin surrounding the axon is stained by a monoclonal antibody obtained by recombinant expression of immunoglobulin genes from clonally expanded plasma cells as present in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients. The image was taken from the article by von Büdingen et al. (pp.2014–2023) in which the authors demonstrate that myelin specific antibodies result from antigen driven immune responses found in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients.
The Use of Liquid–Liquid Interface (Biphasic) for the Preparation of Benzenetricarboxylate Complexes of Cobalt and Nickel
Authors: Banerjee Abhishek , Mahata Partha , Natarajan Srinivasan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNew metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) [Ni(C12N2H10)(H2O)][C6H3(COO)2(COOH)] (I), [Co2(H2O)6][C6H3(COO)3]2·(C4N2H12)(H2O)2(II), [Ni2(H2O)6][C6H3(COO)3]2·(C4N2H12)(H2O)2(III), [Ni(C13N2H14)(H2O)][C6H3(COO)2(COOH)] (IV), [Ni3(H2O)8][C6H3(COO)3] (V) and [Co(C4N2H4)(H2O)][C6H3(COO)3] (VI) {C6H3(COOH)3= trimesic acid, C12N2H10= 1,10‐phenanthroline, C4N2H12= piperazine dication, C13N2H14= 1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane and C4N2H4= pyrazine} have been synthesized by using an interface between two immiscible solvents, water and cyclohexanol. The compounds are constructed from the connectivity between the octahedral M2+(M = Ni, Co) ions coordinated by oxygen atoms of carboxylate groups and water molecules and/or by nitrogen atoms of the ligand amines and the carboxylate units to form a variety of structures of different dimensionality. Strong hydrogen bonds of the type O–H···O are present in all the compounds, which give rise to supramolecularly organized higher‐dimensional structures. In some cases π···π interactions are also observed. Magnetic studies indicate weak ferromagnetic interactions inI,IVandVand weak antiferromagnetic interactions in the other compounds (II,IIIandVI). All the compounds have been characterized by a variety of techniques.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Ruthenium Dihydrogen Complex for C–H Activation: Catalytic H/D Exchange under Mild Conditions
Authors: Prechtl Martin H. G. , Hölscher Markus , Ben‐David Yehoshoa , Theyssen Nils , Milstein David , Leitner Walter 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCatalytic H/D‐exchange reactions were studied with [Ru(dtbpmp)(η2‐H2)(H)2] (1) as catalyst. Under mild reaction conditions (25–75 °C) a wide range of arenes and olefins undergo H/D exchange with [D6]benzene. A preference for protons at sp2 carbons was observed with conversions up to >90 % and significant regioselectivity in certain cases. For more reaction insights NMR‐based kinetic studies were performed with naphthalene as substrate, revealing an activation energy of 15.8 kcal mol–1 for the H/D exchange at the β‐position. Furthermore, the key steps of the reaction mechanism were investigated by means of DFT calculations for both model complexes (PMe2 donor sites) and real catalysts (PtBu2 donor sites). The calculations resulted in Gibb's free activation energies in the range of 10–16 kcal mol–1, indicating H/D exchange at the β‐position of naphthalene to be clearly favoured over the α‐position, which is in full accordance with the experimental observations.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
First Synthesis of Bi‐ and Tricyclic α,β‐Unsaturated δ‐Oxacaprolactams from Cyclic Imines via Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Watzke Martin , Schulz Knut , Johannes Katharina , Ullrich Pasqual , Martens Jürgen 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA new class of α,β‐unsaturated δ‐oxacaprolactams was synthesized from imines as starting material. The synthetic procedure is based on an acyl chloride addition in the first step, followed by a ring‐closing metathesis using a ruthenium catalyst. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of α2,2,β3‐Diamino Acids by Double Stereodifferentiation Aldol Addition of Oxazolidinone Enolates to N‐(tert‐Butylsulfinyl) Imines
Authors: Guerrini Andrea , Varchi Greta , Samorì Cristian , Battaglia Arturo 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA novel application of Seebach's “SRS” synthetic principle works efficiently when conformationally restrained trisubstituted chiral α2,2,β3‐diamino acids are synthesized by double stereoinduction reactions of chiral oxazolidinone enolates with N‐sulfinyl aldimines. Two stereoisomers were isolated in a form of 1′‐(sulfinylamino)oxazolidinones and bicyclic 1H,3H‐imidazo[1,5‐c]oxazole‐1,5(6H)‐diones, from which the α2,2,β3‐diamino acids are obtained by selective deprotection methodologies. Among a variety of highly functionalized diamino acids, this highly diastereoselective protocol provides a synthetic route for yet unreported C‐glycosyl and α‐nucleoside diamino acids. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Regulatory focus systems and personal values
Authors: Leikas Sointu , Lönnqvist Jan‐Erik , Verkasalo Markku , Lindeman Marjaana 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe present studies sought connections between two highly influential, but separate motivational systems: the regulatory foci and personal values. Study 1 (N = 173) showed that promotion focus was positively associated with Achievement and negatively with Tradition values, whereas prevention focus was positively associated with Conformity and Security values, and negatively with Self‐Direction and Stimulation values. Furthermore, interdependent self‐construal moderated trait prevention focus' associations with Power, Benevolence, Universalism, and Conformity values. Study 2 (N = 150) showed that a promotion‐framed message evoked more compliant behavior among those scoring high on Stimulation, Achievement, and Self‐Direction values, but that a prevention‐framed message evoked more compliance among those high in Conformity values. The results suggested that the regulatory foci are associated with certain values, and that these values may increase motivation in promotion‐ versus prevention‐relevant situations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.