bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between dietary glycemic index and glycemic load and sperm-quality parameters in Iranian men: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hosseini Elham , Khodavandloo Mehdi , Sabet Somaye Abdollahi , Mousavi Seyedeh Neda 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Infertility is a major clinical problem with psychological, financial and medical costs. Male infertility has recently been linked to 50% of childless couples. It is worth mentioning that diet and its components can be manipulated and applied in counseling meetings of infertile men as a modifiable factor. The goal of this study was to determine the correlation of dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with sperm-quality parameters in Iranian men.

Materials and methods
In this cross-sectional study which was carried from Aug to Nov 2023, after excluding smokers, 322 men who were attending the IVF clinic of Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital for seminal analysis were enrolled. Dietary intake was completed by an expert dietitian through face-to-face interviews with a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In the present study, sperm-quality parameters, including motility, concentration, normal morphology, vitality, DNA fragmentation index (DFI), and chromatin maturation of sperm, were analyzed. The relationship between dietary GI and CL and these parameters was assessed.

Results
Adjusting for the baseline variables, dietary GI and GL showed positive and negative associations with sperm progressive motility, respectively (p = 0.01 and p < 0.001). Higher dietary GI was associated with lower (p = 0.03); however, a higher dietary GL was associated with higher immotile sperm (p < 0.001). A higher dietary GI was associated with a 77% higher sperm count (p = 0.003). In contrast, higher dietary GL was associated with a lower count (p < 0.001). Higher dietary GI and GL were associated with higher and lower percentages of sperm with normal morphology by 70% and 40%, respectively (p < 0.001 in both). A higher dietary GL was associated with an increase in sperm vitality and DFI of 33% and 53%, respectively (p < 0.001). Higher dietary GI showed a significant negative effect on sperm DFI (p = 0.009). Dietary GI and GL showed significant positive and negative effects on SCMA, respectively (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001).

Conclusion
A diet with a higher GI showed beneficial effects on more parameters of sperm; however, higher dietary GL showed deleterious effects, except sperm vitality and SCMA. More studies are needed to obtain a concise result.
Embracing the future of Artificial Intelligence in the classroom: the relevance of AI literacy, prompt engineering, and critical thinking in modern education
Authors: Walter Yoshija 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present discussion examines the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in educational settings, focusing on the necessity for AI literacy, prompt engineering proficiency, and enhanced critical thinking skills. The introduction of AI into education marks a significant departure from conventional teaching methods, offering personalized learning and support for diverse educational requirements, including students with special needs. However, this integration presents challenges, including the need for comprehensive educator training and curriculum adaptation to align with societal structures. AI literacy is identified as crucial, encompassing an understanding of AI technologies and their broader societal impacts. Prompt engineering is highlighted as a key skill for eliciting specific responses from AI systems, thereby enriching educational experiences and promoting critical thinking. There is detailed analysis of strategies for embedding these skills within educational curricula and pedagogical practices. This is discussed through a case-study based on a Swiss university and a narrative literature review, followed by practical suggestions of how to implement AI in the classroom.
Training healthcare professionals to administer Goal Attainment Scaling as an outcome measure
Authors: Logan Benignus , Viecelli Andrea K. , Pascoe Elaine M. , Pimm Bonnie , Hickey Laura E. , Johnson David W. , Hubbard Ruth E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Goals generated by Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) can be used as an outcome measure to promote person-centred research and care. There are no training packages which support its use outside of the rehabilitation discipline. This paper describes the development and evaluation of a training package to support the implementation of GAS as an outcome measure in healthcare research. The training package consisted of classroom teaching, a training manual for self-directed learning, one-on-one simulation and hot reviews. It was developed for the GOAL Trial, a randomised controlled trial assessing a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment’s effectiveness in enabling frail older people living with chronic kidney disease to attain their goals. Training participants were invited to complete pre- and post-training online evaluation surveys.

Results
Forty-two healthcare professionals attended an initial online classroom teaching, with 27 proceeding to administer GAS to GOAL Trial patients. Response rates for the online pre- and post-training surveys were 95% and 72%, respectively. Prior to training, only 15% of participants reported being able to appropriately scale and troubleshoot GAS goals. Post-training this was 92%. There was 100% participant satisfaction for the training manual, one-on-one simulation, and hot reviews.

Conclusions
This training package helps ensure healthcare professionals administering GAS have adequate knowledge and skills. It has the potential for adoption as a guide to support the implementation of GAS by other researchers seeking to embrace persont-centred principles in their work.
A technique to retrieve an internalised embedded central venous catheter
Authors: Finnegan John , Govender Pradeep 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Central venous catheters may become embedded due to the formation of adhesions between the indwelling catheter and the vein wall.

Case presentation
A 49-year-old patient with bacteraemia was referred for retrieval of an embedded internalised central venous dialysis catheter. Recently the catheter had been surgically ligated at the venotomy site internalising the intravascular catheter component, which precluded antegrade ballooning through the catheter hub.
Seldinger technique was used to access the catheter lumen within the left internal jugular vein and through and through access was established across the catheter. Retrograde endoluminal balloon dilation was performed to disrupt adhesions and free the catheter. The catheter was snared over the wire and removed from the right femoral vein.

Conclusion
This case report outlines an effective, minimally invasive retrieval method in a rare case of an embedded internalised central venous catheter.

Graphical Abstract
On the investigation of shock wave/boundary layer interaction with a high-order scheme based on lattice Boltzmann flux solver
Authors: Qin Jian , Yu Haichuan , Wu Jie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractShock wave/boundary layer interaction (SWBLI) continues to pose a significant challenge in the field of aerospace engineering. This paper aims to address this issue by proposing a novel approach for predicting aerodynamic coefficients and heat transfer in viscous supersonic and hypersonic flows using a high-order flux reconstruction technique. Currently, finite volume methods are extensively employed for the computation of skin aerodynamic coefficients and heat transfer. Nevertheless, these numerical methods exhibit considerable susceptibility to a range of factors, including the inviscid flux function and the computational mesh. The application of high-order flux reconstruction techniques offers promising potential in alleviating these challenges. In contrast to other high-order methods, the flux reconstruction is combined with the lattice Boltzmann flux solver in this study. The current method evaluates the common inviscid flux at the cell interface by locally reconstructing the lattice Boltzmann equation solution from macroscopic flow variables at solution points. Consequently, this framework performs a positivity-preserving, entropy-based adaptive filtering method for shock capturing. The present approach is validated by simulating the double Mach reflection, and then simulating some typical viscous problems. The results demonstrate that the current method accurately predicts aerodynamic coefficients and heat transfer, providing valuable insights into the application of high-order methods for shock wave/boundary layer interaction.
Age-related changes in hematological and biochemical profiles of Wistar rats
Authors: Patel Suresh , Patel Satish , Kotadiya Ashvin , Patel Samir , Shrimali Bhavesh , Joshi Nikita , Patel Tushar , Trivedi Harshida , Patel Jitendra , Joharapurkar Amit , Jain Mukul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Wistar rats are extensively used as the model for assessing toxicity and efficacy in preclinical research. Hematological and biochemical laboratory data are essential for evaluating specific variations in the physiological and functional profile of a laboratory animal. Establishing hematological and biochemical reference values for Wistar (han) rats at various age intervals was the goal of this work. Male and female Wistar rats (n = 660) of ages 6–8 weeks, 10–14 weeks and > 6 months were used in the experiment. Blood and serum were collected from these rats under fasting conditions.

Results
We observed that the majority of hematological and biochemical parameters were significantly influenced by sex and age. Hematological changes were significantly correlated to aging were increased red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils in both sexes, as well as decreased platelet, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and lymphocytes in both sexes. White blood cells of male rats were considerably higher than those of female rats in all age ranges. For biochemistry, increase in glucose, total protein and creatinine were seen in both sexes, along with increases in urea in females and alanine aminotransferase in males. Age was significantly associated with decreased alkaline phosphatase in both sexes.

Conclusions
When using Wistar rats as a model, these reference values may be useful in evaluating the results.
Turkish reliability and validity study of Barkley’s BAARS-IV self-report current symptoms
Authors: Topaloglu Tansu Eda , Dogan Bilge , Sevincok Doga , Sevincok Levent 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
Recall bias of patients and their relatives, low reliability of the history, changes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms or compensatory behaviors, and various comorbidities may be associated with difficulties in diagnosing ADHD in adults. Barkley Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV (BAARS-IV), a relatively new scale, needs to be studied for validity and reliability in different societies and cultures. In this study, we investigated whether the Turkish version of BAARS-IV: Present Symptoms Section is valid and reliable in the medical students who constituted the sample.

Methods
Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale and BAARS-IV: Present Symptoms Section were administered to 402 fifth- and sixth-year medical students. We performed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes. Cronbach’s alpha and inter-item correlation were evaluated. Pearson correlation test was used in inter-scale correlation analyses.

Results
For ADHD items, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) (0.882), Measuring of Sampling Adequacy MSA (0.819), chi-square (2512.455), and p (< 0.001) values showed that the data were suitable for factor analysis. A three-factor structure with an eigenvalue above 1 and explaining 53.14% of the total variance was obtained. In the correlation matrix reconstructed with eight Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) items, the determinant of the correlation matrix was 0.025, the KMO determinant was 0.852, the lowest MSA value was 0.750, and the residual rate was 14%. A two-factor structure was obtained explaining 67.451% of the variance. Cronbach’s alpha values of the inattention and impulsivity subscales were 0.839 and 0.752, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha value of 8 questions in the SCT scale was found to be 0.871.

Conclusion
The results of our study indicate that the BAARS-IV Self-report Present Symptoms scale is valid and reliable among medical students.
Developing an efficient method for melanoma detection using CNN techniques
Authors: Moturi Devika , Surapaneni Ravi Kishan , Avanigadda Venkata Sai Geethika 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
More and more genetic and metabolic abnormalities are now known to cause cancer, which is typically deadly. Any bodily part may become infected by cancerous cells, which can be fatal. Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer, and its prevalence is rising across the globe. Squamous and basal cell carcinomas, as well as melanoma, which is clinically aggressive and causes the majority of deaths, are the primary subtypes of skin cancer. Screening for skin cancer is therefore essential.

Methods
The best way to quickly and precisely detect skin cancer is by using deep learning techniques. In this research deep learning techniques like MobileNetv2 and Dense net will be used for detecting or identifying two main kinds of tumors malignant and benign. For this research HAM10000 dataset is considered. This dataset consists of 10,000 skin lesion images and the disease comprises nonmelanocytic and melanocytic tumors. These two techniques can be used for detecting the malignant and benign. All these methods are compared and then a result can be inferred from their performance.

Results
After the model evaluation, the accuracy for the MobileNetV2 was 85% and customized CNN was 95%. A web application has been developed with the Python framework that provides a graphical user interface with the best-trained model. The graphical user interface allows the user to enter the patient details and upload the lesion image. The image will be classified with the appropriate trained model which can predict whether the uploaded image is cancerous or non-cancerous. This web application also displays the percentage of cancer affected.

Conclusion
As per the comparisons between the two techniques customized CNN gives higher accuracy for the detection of melanoma.
Universal thermodynamic bounds on the Fano factor of discriminatory networks with unidirectional transitions
Authors: Berx J. , Proesmans K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We derive a universal lower bound on the Fano factors of general biochemical discriminatory networks involving irreversible catalysis steps, based on the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, and compare it to a numerically exact Pareto optimal front. This bound is completely general, involving only the reversible entropy production per product formed and the error fraction of the system. We then show that by judiciously choosing which transitions to include in the reversible entropy production, one can derive a family of bounds that can be fine-tuned to include physical observables at hand. Lastly, we test our bound by considering three discriminatory schemes: a multi-stage Michaelis-Menten network, a Michaelis-Menten network with correlations between subsequent products, and a multi-stage kinetic proofreading network, where for the latter application the bound is altered to include the hydrolytic cost of the proofreading steps. We find that our bound is remarkably tight.
Nasal Glucagon Reverses Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia With Less Rebound Hyperglycemia: Pooled Analysis of Clinical Trials
Authors: Seaquist Elizabeth , Giménez Marga , Yan Yu , Matsuhisa Munehide , Kao Christi Yuting , Wadwa R Paul , Nagai Yukiko , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Rebound hyperglycemia may occur following glucagon treatment for severe hypoglycemia. We assessed rebound hyperglycemia occurrence after nasal glucagon (NG) or injectable glucagon (IG) administration in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods
This was a pooled analysis of 3 multicenter, randomized, open-label studies (NCT03339453, NCT03421379, NCT01994746) in patients ≥18 years with T1D or T2D with induced hypoglycemia. Proportions of patients achieving treatment success [blood glucose (BG) increase to ≥70 mg/dL or increase of ≥20 mg/dL from nadir within 15 and 30 minutes]; BG ≥70 mg/dL within 15 minutes; in-range BG (70-180 mg/dL) 1 to 2 and 1 to 4 hours postdose; and BG &gt;180 mg/dL 1 to 2 and 1 to 4 hours postdose were compared. Incremental area under curve (iAUC) of BG &gt;180 mg/dL and area under curve (AUC) of observed BG values postdose were analyzed. Safety was assessed in all studies.

Results
Higher proportions of patients had in-range BG with NG vs IG (1-2 hours: P = .0047; 1-4 hours: P = .0034). Lower proportions of patients had at least 1 BG value &gt;180 mg/dL with NG vs IG (1-2 hours: P = .0034; 1-4 hours: P = .0068). iAUC and AUC were lower with NG vs IG (P = .025 and P &lt; .0001). As expected, similar proportions of patients receiving NG or IG achieved treatment success at 15 and 30 minutes (97-100%). Most patients had BG ≥70 mg/dL within 15 minutes (93-96%). The safety profile was consistent with previous studies.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated lower rebound hyperglycemia risk after NG treatment compared with IG.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT03421379, NCT03339453, NCT01994746
DOCÊNCIA-FORMAÇÃO E PROFESSORALIDADE: A CONVERSA ESTENDIDA NOS GIROS DAS ROTAÇÕES POR ESTAÇÃO
Authors: Salvadori Juliana Cristina , Silva Ana Lucia Gomes da 
Published: February 2024

Este texto rastreia a produção das subjetividades da docência-formação, no componente curricular Docência e Diversidade (DD) de um Programa de Pós-Graduação multiprofissional de uma universidade pública baiana e tem como objetivo apresentar a experiência como formação na constituição da professoralidade atravessada pela diversidade como princípio onto-epistêmico e formativo. Adota como método a conversa, sustentada nos pressupostos freireanos do diálogo na interface com a educação online, em contexto pandêmico, sistematizada pelos dispositivos de avaliação-formação rotação por estação e rodas de conversa, online, registrados em diários de bordo, individuais e coletivos que, rizomaticamente, expandiram-se por meio de hiperlinks. Os resultados apontam evidências de aprendizagens, e indícios de criação, coautoria e cocriação a partir de estratégias diversas de apropriação dos conceitos e provocações: criação de metáfora co-autoral, intervenção da (anti)arte, e produção de narrativas em suplemento, na perspectiva derrideana. Avalia-se que tanto os princípios epistemológicos e organizativos da metodologia, quanto o desenho didático propiciaram aos estudantes e docentes imersão em ambiências híbridas em que fomos instados a exercitar e experimentar juntos. Também apontaram para as estratégias das conversas como disparadores de experiências-experimentos, a fim de ressignificar resistências ao saudosismo da educação presencial, câmaras fechadas e baixa interação inicial nas aulas. Contudo, destaca-se como fragilidade o processo auto e hetero avaliativo, em que aspectos morais (interesse, esforço) entram como parâmetros centrais, e em que as lacunas são projetadas para fora como faltas/falhas, evitando a assunção da corresponsabilidade sobre os processos formativos de si e do coletivo.
The experience of cancer pain in South African patients
Authors: Robinson Rowan , Maree Johanna E 
Published: February 2024

Background: Most people with cancer experience pain caused by the disease and treatment. Aims: To describe the experience of cancer pain of South African patients. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used; 20 (n=20) participants were purposively selected and in-depth interviews were conducted. Inductive content analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings: Two themes and five subthemes were identified. The themes were pain as a unique multi-dimensional experience, and that the unmet needs of the patient can influence their experience of pain. Conclusion: The participants experienced total pain. Emotional pain, enhanced by loneliness and unmet information needs was experienced, and this was felt by participants as the worst kind of pain. Pain was mediated by means of medication that did not work well for all, support, compassionate care and hope that God would cure them and take the pain away. Recommendation: A person-centred approach to pain management is needed, especially in diverse countries, such as South Africa, to better understand the complexity and influence of culture, language and education on the pain experience and to guide individual pain management.
Laser cleaning of RTV coating on the insulator surface by using millisecond pulse lasers
Authors: Liu Jialin , Chen Xin , Chen Yongqian , Cui Yinghao , Guo Shirui , Wu Xiwang , Cui Lujun 
Published: February 2024

High-efficiency and high-quality removal of sulfurized silicone rubber from insulator
surfaces is paramount for high-voltage power systems. To address this
issue, and aiming to achieve precise and nondestructive cleaning of
room temperature vulcanized (RTV) coatings, we selected millisecond
laser cleaning technology in this study. Successful and efficient
cleaning of the RTV coating was performed by adjusting laser
parameters. Characterization techniques, including scanning electron
microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and confocal
microscopy, were employed to comprehensively assess the cleaning
effects and ensure the integrity of the substrate surface. The results
indicate that by adjusting the scanning power combination of the high
power of the millisecond pulse laser to 200 W and the low power
of 150 W, the glass substrate surface maintains excellent
roughness and micro-morphological features after laser cleaning,
providing optimal conditions for subsequent processing and
utilization. This research contributes an efficient and cost-effective
solution to the insulation treatment process in high-voltage power
systems.
Frequency characteristics of an ultrasonic varifocal liquid crystal lens
Authors: Kuroda Yuma , Harada Yuki , Emoto Akira , Matsukawa Mami , Koyama Daisuke 
Published: February 2024

Compound lens systems with mechanical actuators are used to focus objects at near to far distances. The focal length of ultrasound varifocal liquid crystal (LC) lenses can be controlled by modulating the refractive index spatial distribution of the medium through the acoustic radiation force, resulting in thin and fast-response varifocal lenses. The frequency characteristics of such a lens are evaluated in this paper, and several axisymmetric resonant vibration modes over 20 kHz are observed. The effective lens aperture decreased with the wavelength of the resonant flexural vibration generated on the lens, meaning that this parameter can be controlled with the driving frequency.