bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focus on psychometrics. An Overview of Data Transformation
Authors: Ferketich Sandra , Verran Joyce 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThere is an increasing awareness of the need to examine data distribution or assumptions prior to performing statistical analyses. If the data display evidence of violating assumption(s), the researcher can perform data transformation. This article focuses on explaining data transformations, discussing common transformations, providing rationale for performing them, and discussing interpretation of the transformation when results are presented.
Women's satisfaction with couplet care nursing compared to traditional postpartum care with rooming‐in
Authors: Cottrell Barbara Hansen , Grubbs Laurie M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare patient satisfaction with two types of nursing care postpartum: traditional nursing care with rooming‐in versus mother–baby (couplet) nursing care. A descriptive comparative research design was used. Questionnaire responses were obtained from 71 women who received traditional postpartum care with rooming in and 64 women who received couplet care on the same unit 6 months later. Women in both groups were satisfied with nursing care given to themselves and infants, with no difference in satisfaction between groups. The traditional model of having a nurse for the baby and different nurse for the mother can be as satisfying to women as having one nurse for the mother–baby couplet when rooming‐in is encouraged and implemented.
Appraisal, moods, and coping among individuals experiencing diagnostic exercise stress testing
Authors: Johnson Julie A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAppraisal, coping, and negative moods were examined in a convenience sample (N = 77) of individuals experiencing exercise stress testing to evaluate cardiac disease. Only three types of coping patterns–self‐controlling, escape–avoidance, and confrontive coping–were significantly related to appraisal and negative moods. Only a small proportion of the variance in negative moods was accounted for through a mediating effect by the type of coping pattern. Appraisal had a direct effect on negative moods when self‐controlling and escape‐avoidance were entered as the coping patterns. Negative moods decreased and appraisals became more positive after the procedure. Appraisals, but not negative moods, were influenced by the results of the procedure.
Social support and postpartum depression
Authors: Logsdon Mimia Cynthia , McBride Angela Barron 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDiscrepancies between prenatal social support expectations and subsequent perceptions of support actually received were examined in relation to postpartum depression. Low‐risk primiparous women (N = 105) were surveyed 1 month before and 1 month after delivery. Almost half of the women prenatally and one third postpartally had depression scores which would lead them to be classified as possibly depressed (CES‐D scores of 16 or greater). In multiple regression, two social support discrepancy measures, prenatal depression and postpartal closeness to husband, correlated with postpartal depression and accounted for nearly 40% of its variance. The generalizability of the findings should be further explored, but the findings suggest the need for attention to prenatal expectations of postpartum support as a way to influence the incidence of postpartum depression. In addition, continued efforts to identify causes of postpartum closeness with the spouse are needed.
Focus on qualitative methods. The use of quotes in qualitative research
Authors: Sandelowski Margarete 
Published: April 2007

AbstractQuoted words and phrases from research participants are a common feature of qualitative research reports. Quoting is a process that requires the achievement of the proper balance between the obligations of scientific reporting and the taking of artistic license. Quotes are used to support researcher claims, illustrate ideas, illuminate experience, evoke emotion, and provoke response. Quoting involves researchers in acts of choosing that lie in the domains of aesthetics and ethics.
Two evaluations of combined mother—infant versus separate postnatal nursing care
Authors: Watters Nancy E. , Kristiansen Connie M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCombined mother–infant postnatal nursing care was compared with traditional, separate postpartum and newborn care in two studies. In Study I, self‐administered questionnaires were completed by 408 mothers and 63 staff nurses. Data were collected both before and after mother–infant care was implemented. Benefits of the new system included increased maternal competence and satisfaction with parent education, parent–infant contact, and the nurse–client relationship, increased staff satisfaction, with no increase in operational cost. There were no breastfeeding differences, but ways to improve duration were implied by reasons for stopping. These findings were replicated in a separate setting with similar sample sizes. However, in the latter case, low staff ratios appeared to limit the benefits of mother–infant care to multiparas rather than primiparas. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Communication between continuing care organizations
Authors: Anderson Mary Ann , Helms Lelia B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCommunication between health care providing organizations is fundamental to discharge planning and continuity of care, but has been reported to be inadequate. Using a classic communication model, the content of communication between hospitals and home health agencies was examined in 300 closed home care records and compared to referral content desired by practitioners. Discharge planners sent about half of the referral information recommended by the literature. Referrals consisted primarily of background data, some medical data, even less nursing care data, and almost no psychosocial data. No referral form was used by the hospital in over one third of the cases. Discrepancies existed between what client care data practitioners identified as important or desirable and the data they actually received. As responsibility for providing health care is decentralized and shared by multiple organizations, communication between providers will play a greater role in ensuring continuity of care. The findings suggest that adoption of standardized, written referral forms might facilitate clear and complete communication. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Implementation of the patient self‐determination act: A survey of nebraska hospitals
Authors: Pinch Winifred J. , Miya Pamela A. , Boardman Karen K. , Andrews Aris , Barr Pamella 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this survey of Nebraska hospitals (N = 79) was to describe the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the Patient Self‐Determination Act (PSDA) and to explore the role of the nurse in these processes. Results indicate nurses were very involved in the planning phase but rarely in the implementing phase. Few evaluation strategies were utilized and only some respondents identified problematic issues related to the implementation of the PSDA. Clinical implications for issues related to the PSDA are discussed and framed within the American Nurses' Association Position Statement on the PSDA (1991). Future studies are suggested, especially related to evaluation of PSDA implementation. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of dynamic exercise on subcutaneous oxygen tension and temperature
Authors: Whitney Joanne D. , Stotts Nancy A. , Goodson William H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractExercise influences blood flow distribution and may thereby influence tissue oxygen. Given that experimental evidence suggests exercise improves wound healing, this study was undertaken to determine the effect of exercise on subcutaneous tissue oxygen tension (PscO2). Subjects performed a treadmill test to maximum oxygen consumption (VO2) while PscO2 and subcutaneous temperature (Tsc) were measured using a tonometer and optode/thermocouple system. There were no significant differences in PscO2 between measurement points. Mean Tsc had increased 4.8% at maximum V̈O2, and 6.3% as the cool‐down period ended and differed significantly across the exercise period. Changes in PscO2 and Tsc were not correlated. Oxygen availability was neither enhanced nor significantly reduced by exercise. However, PscO2 did not increase as expected in relation to increases in Tsc. Further study will determine the purported beneficial effects of exercise and the mechanism by which it may affect wound healing. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The predictive capacity of the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behavior in exercise research: An integrated literature review
Authors: Blue Carolyn L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAlthough the association between habitual exercise and health benefits has been well documented, physical activity levels in the United States are lower than is necessary to reach the nation's health potential. Beliefs that people hold can be a motivating factor in engaging in exercise. A critical review of the literature was conducted to assess the efficacy of using the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behavior with respect to exercise. Evidence for the predictive utility of the theories was found. The Theory of Planned Behavior is a more promising framework for the study of exercise because it includes beliefs about control of factors that would facilitate or inhibit carrying out exercise. Strategies for use of the theories in planning exercise programs are provided and suggestions for future research discussed. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A theory of the transition to parenthood of infertile couples
Authors: Sandelowski Margarete 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA theoretical synthesis of the transition to parenthood of infertile couples is presented. The theory was derived from three studies of infertility the author conducted between 1985 and 1993. The theory is grounded in the experiences of infertile couples, and locates these experiences conceptually in the comparative context of normally fertile couples' transition to parenthood and in the domains of life transitions and illness work. Infertile couples exhibited some of the same processes as their fertile counterparts, varying in the phasing and intensity of these overlapping processes; and, they exhibited processes exclusive to them. There were also intragroup differences in the infertile couples: between adopting and childbearing couples, couples conceiving biomedically and spontaneously, and between couples conceiving with their own or donor gametes. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How and what staff nurses learn about the medical devices they use in direct patient care
Authors: McConnell Edwina A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRegistered nurses (N = 323) working in a 500‐bed tertiary care hospital in a large midwestern city were surveyed to determine what and how they initially learned about the medical devices they use, and the consequences of their use. The most frequently identified methods of initial learning were trial and error (taught self) and reading the user instruction manual. At least 90% of respondents indicated that when they first learned about the device they learned how to operate it and its purpose and function. Medical device use causes more than 75% of staff nurses to feel stressed; 11% had used a medical device that had harmed a patient. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The national survey of families and households: A rich data base for nursing research
Authors: Julian Teresa W. , Knapp Thomas R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA summary of the information contained in the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH), a public‐domain data base, is provided. The representativeness of the sample with respect to sex and age and the reliability of a subset of the variables that address depression are evaluated. Suggestions for the use of this data base, with emphasis on variables of direct relevance to family health nursing research, are made. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sample size in qualitative research
Authors: Sandelowski Margarete 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA common misconception about sampling in qualitative research is that numbers are unimportant in ensuring the adequacy of a sampling strategy. Yet, simple sizes may be too small to support claims of having achieved either informational redundancy or theoretical saturation, or too large to permit the deep, case‐oriented analysis that is the raison‐d'etre of qualitative inquiry. Determining adequate sample size in qualitative research is ultimately a matter of judgment and experience in evaluating the quality of the information collected against the uses to which it will be put, the particular research method and purposeful sampling strategy employed, and the research product intended. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Social pathways to premenstrual symptoms
Authors: Woods Nancy Fugate , Mitchell Ellen S. , Lentz Martha J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore feminine and menstrual socialization, expectations about experiencing symptoms, and the stressful nature of women's lives among women with three perimenstrual symptom patterns. Social learning and stress theory provided a theoretical framework for understanding why some menstruating women experience premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual magnification symptom patterns. Data about socialization, stressful life context, expectations about symptoms, depressed mood, and other health‐related and demographic indicators were obtained from an interview. Subsequent daily recordings in a health diary for two or more menstrual cycles provided data with which to classify women's symptoms across the menstrual cycle as a low severity symptom (LS, n = 73), premenstrual syndrome (PMS, n = 36), or premenstrual magnification (PMM, n = 62) pattern. Stepwise discriminant function analysis demonstrated that stressful life context, menstrual socialization, and expectations about symptoms related to menstruation differentiated women with an LS from those with a PMS or PMM symptom pattern. In addition, depressed mood differentiated the three groups. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Parental relationships, coping strategies, received support, and well‐being in adolescents of separated or divorced and married parents
Authors: Grossman Mary , Rowat Kathleen M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to examine the impact of the perceived quality of the parental relationship and family status on coping strategies, received support, and well‐being in adolescents from separated or divorced and married parents. Two hundred forty‐four matched adolescents from separated/divorced and married households were drawn from an initial sample of 1,044 students who were tested at five colleges and three high schools of a large metropolitan and rural area. Regression analyses supported the hypothesis that a perceived poor parental relationship, and not family status, was associated with low life satisfaction and sense of future, and high anxiety in adolescents of divorced and married households. Hierarchical regression techniques revealed that coping strategies and received support did not mediate the association between a perceived poor parental relationship and low levels of well‐being in adolescents from divorced and married households. The findings underscore the importance of intervening with adolescents within the context of their family relationships. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Job satisfaction of nurses employed in rural and urban long‐term care facilities
Authors: Coward Raymond T. , Hogan Tiffany L. , Duncan R. Paul , Horne Claydell H. , Hilker Mary Anne , Felsen Loretta M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPrevious investigators have identified residential differences in the job satisfaction of hospital nurses. However, the degree to which the greater job satisfaction of rural nurses can be generalized beyond hospitals to other work settings, including nursing homes, is unknown. The purpose of this research was to examine the job satisfaction of nurses (registered and licensed practical) employed in both rural and urban nursing homes. A total of 281 nurses from 26 participating nursing homes completed a mailed questionnaire that measured the personal and job‐specific characteristics of the nurses and the contextual properties of the facilities in which they worked. The data indicated no statistically significant differences in the overall job satisfaction, or on any of the five subscales of the instrument, between rural and urban nurses. However, a pooled multivariate model identified five factors that predicted the job satisfaction of nurses employed in long‐term care facilities: the employees' race and personal income; the employees' perception that their supervisor was interested in their career aspirations; the length of time that the nurses had intended to stay at the time of their hiring; and their current intent to leave. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gender and knowledge about HIV, risky sexual behavior, and safer sex practices
Authors: Jadack Rosemary A. , Hyde Janet Shibley , Keller Mary L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in knowledge about HIV, the reported incidence of risky sexual behavior, and comfort with safer sexual practices among young adults. The conceptual framework was social role theory, which argues for the influence of gender roles on beliefs and social behaviors. Participants were 141 female and 131 male college students who responded to questions regarding their knowledge of HIV, risk‐taking behaviors with respect to HIV, and comfort with safer sexual behaviors. Overall, respondents had accurate knowledge about HIV. However, men reported engaging in significantly more risky behaviors than women. More men reported that intercourse without a condom occurred in unplanned, spontaneous situations, while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, or with a person not well known. More women reported that intercourse without a condom occurred in long‐term relationships. Women were significantly more comfortable abstaining from sexual intercourse and asking partners about their sexual history while men were significantly more comfortable buying condoms. Both men and women reported comfort using condoms. Gender roles help to explain why men are willing to take more risks, and in what situations risk taking is apt to occur. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Agreement between measures of pulmonary artery and tympanic temperatures
Authors: Lattavo Kathy , Britt Jana , Dobal May 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to compare pulmonary artery, oral, axillary, and two tympanic temperatures and test agreement between measures of pulmonary artery and tympanic temperatures in a convenience sample of 32 Intensive Care Unit patients. The correlation coefficients for pulmonary artery and oral, axillary, and tympanic temperatures were moderate to strong and significant at the p <.01 level. However, intraclass correlation coefficients estimated the intermethod reliability and were below the .75 criterion of acceptability. Thus, one method of temperature measurement could not be interchanged for another. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Parent‐to‐parent support initiated in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Roman Lee Anne , Lindsay Judith K. , Boger Robert P. , Dewys Mary , Beaumont Ed J. , Jones Alan S. , Haas Bruce 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA preliminary quasi‐experimental, longitudinal study was conducted to explore differences in maternal mood states, self‐esteem, family functioning, maternal‐infant interaction, and home environment between mothers of preterm infants who participated in a nurse‐managed program of parent‐to‐parent support and those who served as a comparison group. Mothers who participated in the intervention scored significantly higher on the Barnard NCATS interaction measure and the HOME total scale and subscales of maternal responsiveness and organization (N= 58) at 12 months following discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit. Using repeated measures analysis for a subset of mothers (n= 32), there were significant differences between the two groups on the mood state anxiety‐tension (POMS) during the first 4 months postdischarge, with the treatment group having less anxiety. There was also a group by time interaction effect on self‐esteem during the first 4 months, with self‐esteem of the treatment group mothers increasing and comparison mothers decreasing. Findings suggest that one‐to‐one veteran parent support, in a nurse‐managed program, may influence maternal and maternal‐infant interaction outcomes. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sustainable governance of natural resources and institutional change–an analytical framework
Authors: Fischer Anke , Petersen Lorenz , Feldkötter Christoph , Huppert Walter 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis article presents a conceptual framework for analysing the governance of natural resource use, as governance is often the primary issue when natural resources are overexploited and degraded. It addresses both spontaneous and active governance, including institutional change induced by development co‐operation. Drawing on existing frameworks of institutional analysis, fundamental modifications are presented to adapt the concept to the context of international co‐operation, and to include dynamic aspects of institutional change as well as multiple actor interactions. Tested in several case studies, the framework was found suitable and relevant for use in project planning and evaluation, as well as for comparing governance issues across cases in a conceptually rigorous way. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aryl acrylate porous functional polymer supports from water‐in‐oil‐in‐water multiple emulsions
Authors: Štefanec Dejan , Krajnc Peter 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPorous functional polymer supports are a class of material of wide interest due to the possibility of immobilising reactive species. A simplified procedure was applied for the preparation of porous polymer supports using a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water multiple emulsion. The primary emulsion was a high internal phase emulsion, having a volume fraction of water phase up to 95%. Two reactive acrylates, namely 4‐nitrophenyl acrylate and 2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl acrylate, were (separately) incorporated in the oil phase in order to obtain porous reactive polymer supports. Both acrylates were crosslinked with either divinylbenzene or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and beads of size ca 60 µm were obtained after the polymerisation of droplets suspended into the secondary aqueous phase. In the case of 4‐nitrophenyl acrylate and divinylbenzene as a crosslinker, particles with a star shape, the core being ca 60 µm in diameter and the arms ca 180 µm in length, were obtained. The polymers were functionalised with morpholine, tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine, piperidine or piperazine yielding supports with loadings of reactive groups of between 2.6 and 6.6 mmol g−1. The results show that multiple emulsions can be precursors for porous polymer preparation. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry