bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ryan/Harley site: Sedimentology of an inundated Paleoindian site in north Florida
Authors: Balsillie James H. , Means Guy H. , Dunbar James S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe Ryan/Harley site (Florida Master Site File Number: 8Je‐1004) is a Middle Paleoindian habitation site containing Suwannee points. Based on stratigraphic correlation and diagnostic artifact seriation, Suwannee‐age sites have been relatively dated from ˜10,900 14C yr B.P. to ˜10,500 14C yr B.P. Clovis‐like traits on the Suwannee points and other stone tools from the Ryan/Harley site suggest it dates to the earlier end of the Suwannee timeframe. The currently inundated site is partially buried beneath a sediment column located in a swamp forest and partially exposed in a side channel section of the Wacissa River, Jefferson County, Florida. Research done prior to this analysis determined that the artifact assemblage appeared to be unsorted and was contained in a midden‐like unit. Our purpose here is to assess the issue of site integrity further. Unconsolidated sediment samples collected from the artifact‐bearing horizon and from horizons immediately above and below the artifact horizon were analyzed using granulometric techniques. Arithmetic probability plots of the grain‐size distributions show that the sediments were transported and deposited by fluvial processes. Thus, the Suwannee points and associated artifacts, and faunal remains appear to have accumulated during a time of subaerial exposure perhaps after a regional water‐table decline, and have remained largely or essentially intact, with little or no postdepositional reworking. The artifacts and faunal remains recovered from the artifact‐ bearing horizon at Ryan/Harley are distributed randomly, showing no sign of sorting. In the fossil suite, two articulated white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) vertebra were recovered in situ. The unsorted nature of artifacts and articulated faunal remains that are contained within the fluvially deposited sediments suggests the Suwannee point level of the Ryan/Harley site has remained undisturbed since original deposition. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Origin and distribution of bone marrow‐derived cells in the central nervous system in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Solomon Jennifer N. , Lewis Coral‐Ann B. , Ajami Bahareh , Corbel Stephane Y. , Rossi Fabio M.V. , Krieger Charles 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is associated with increased numbers of microglia within the central nervous system (CNS). However, it is unknown whether the microgliosis results from proliferation of CNS resident microglia, or recruitment of bone marrow (BM)‐derived microglial precursors. Here we assess the distribution and number of BM‐derived cells in spinal cord using transplantation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐labeled BM cells into myelo‐ablated mice over‐expressing human mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (mSOD), a murine model of ALS. Transplantation of GFP+ BM did not affect the rate of disease progression in mSOD mice. Mean numbers of microglia and GFP+ cells in spinal cords of control mice were not significantly different from those in asymptomatic mSOD mice and showed no change with animal age. The number of GFP+ cells and microglia (F4/80+ and CD11b+ cells) within the spinal cord of mSOD mice increased compared to age‐matched controls at a time when mSOD mice exhibited disease symptoms, continuing up to disease end‐stage. Although we observed an increase in the number of GFP+ cells in spinal cords of mSOD mice with disease symptoms, mean numbers of GFP+ F4/80+ cells comprised less than 20% of all F4/80+ cells and did not increase with disease progression. Furthermore, the relative rates of proliferation in CD45+GFP‐ and CD45+GFP+ cells were comparable. Thus, we demonstrate that the microgliosis present in spinal cord tissue of mSOD mice is primarily due to an expansion of resident microglia and not to the recruitment of microglial precursors from the circulation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Platelet‐endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (CD31) recycles and induces cell growth inhibition on human tumor cell lines
Authors: Lutzky Viviana P. , Carnevale Romina P. , Alvarez Mariano J. , Maffia Paulo C. , Zittermann Sandra I. , Podhajcer Osvaldo L. , Issekutz Andrew C. , Chuluyan H. Eduardo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCD31 (PECAM‐1) is a 130‐kDa member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily expressed on endothelial cells, platelets, and most leukocytes. This report demonstrates by Western Blot and immunofluorescence that some human melanoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines express CD31 on the cell surface. The surface expression of CD31 was regulated by cell–cell contact, being higher on sparse and spontaneously detached cells. Indeed, fixing and permeabilizing tumor cells revealed a cytoplasmic pool, which was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Some of the plasma surface molecule is endocytosed following mAb binding. Engagement of CD31 on tumor cells via domain‐3 inhibited proliferation by inducing cell apoptosis. On the other hand, apoptosis does not increase CD31 expression. Overall, these results indicate that there is an intracellular pool of CD31 on some tumor cells, which modulates CD31 surface expression and its role in cancer cell growth and metastasis. Thus, the expression of CD31 and its role in cell survival in some tumor cells appears to differ from endothelial cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 98: 1334–1350, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decorin regulates assembly of collagen fibrils and acquisition of biomechanical properties during tendon development
Authors: Zhang Guiyun , Ezura Yoichi , Chervoneva Inna , Robinson Paul S. , Beason David P. , Carine Ehren T. , Soslowsky Louis J. , Iozzo Renato V. , Birk David E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTendon function involves the development of an organized hierarchy of collagen fibrils. Small leucine‐rich proteoglycans have been implicated in the regulation of fibrillogenesis and decorin is the prototypic member of this family. Decorin‐deficient mice demonstrate altered fibril structure and mechanical function in mature skin and tail tendons. However, the developmental role(s) of decorin needs to be elucidated. To define these role(s) during tendon development, tendons (flexor digitorum longus) were analyzed ultrastructurally from postnatal day 10 to 90. Decorin‐deficient tendons developed abnormal, irregularly contoured fibrils. Finite mixture modeling estimated that the mature tendon was a three‐subpopulation mixture of fibrils with characteristic diameter ranges. During development, in each subpopulation the mean diameter was consistently larger in mutant mice. Also, diameter distributions and the percentage of fibrils in each subpopulation were altered. Biomechanical analyses demonstrated that mature decorin‐deficient tendons had significantly reduced strength and stiffness; however, there was no reduction in immature tendons. Expression of decorin and biglycan, a closely related family member, was analyzed during development. Decorin increased with development while biglycan decreased. Spatially, both had a comparable localization throughout the tendon. Biglycan expression increased substantially in decorin‐deficient tendons suggesting a potential functional compensation. The accumulation of structural defects during fibril growth, a period associated with decorin expression and low biglycan expression, may be the cause of compromised mechanical function in the absence of decorin. Our findings indicate that decorin is a key regulatory molecule and that the temporal switch from biglycan to decorin is an important event in the coordinate regulation of fibrillogenesis and tendon development. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor‐associated antigen 90K/Mac‐2‐binding protein: Possible role in colon cancer
Authors: Ulmer Tricia A. , Keeler Vicki , Loh Lambert , Chibbar Rajni , Torlakovic Emina , André Sabine , Gabius Hans‐Joachim , Laferté Suzanne 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe tumor‐associated antigen 90K (TAA90K)/Mac‐2‐binding protein implicated in cancer progression and metastasis is modified by β1‐6 branched N‐linked oligosaccharides in colon cancer cells, glycans shown to contribute to cancer metastasis. To elucidate the role of TAA90K in colon cancer, we examined its expression and function in human colon tumors and colon carcinoma cell lines. Immunohistochemical analyses of colon tumors revealed elevated expression of TAA90K in all samples analyzed compared to normal colon. To examine the function of TAA90K in colon cancer, we carried out protein and cell binding assays using TAA90K‐His purified from HT‐29 cells colon carcinoma cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing TAA90K containing a C‐terminal poly‐histidine tag. TAA90K‐His bound to fibronectin, collagen IV, laminins‐1, ‐5, and ‐10 and galectin‐3 (Mac‐2) but poorly to collagen I and galectin‐1. As expected, binding of TAA90K to galectin‐3 was dependent on carbohydrate since it was inhibitable by lactose and asiolofetuin, and a TAA90K‐His glycoform purified from HT‐29 cells treated with the glycosylation inhibitor 1‐deoxymannojirimycin bound poorly to galectin‐3. Unlike TAA90K isolated from other cell types, TAA90K‐His isolated from colon cancer cells failed to mediate adhesion of colon cancer and normal cell lines, possibly due to cell‐type specific glycosylation of TAA90K‐His and/or its putative cellular receptor. However, at low concentrations, TAA90K‐His enhanced galectin‐3‐mediated HT‐29 cell adhesion while at high concentrations, it inhibited cell adhesion. Thus, a possible mechanism by which TAA90K may contribute to colon cancer progression is by modulating tumor cell adhesion to extracellular proteins, including galectin‐3. J. Cell. Biochem. 98: 1351–1366, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular regulation of androgen action in prostate cancer
Authors: Dehm Scott M. , Tindall Donald J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAndrogens are critical regulators of prostate differentiation and function, as well as prostate cancer growth and survival. Therefore, androgen ablation is the preferred systemic treatment for disseminated prostate cancer. Androgen action is exerted in target tissues via binding the androgen receptor (AR), a nuclear receptor transcription factor. Historically, the gene expression program mediated by the AR has been poorly understood. However, recent gene expression profiling and more traditional single‐gene characterization studies have revealed many androgen‐regulated genes that are important mediators of androgen action in both normal and malignant prostate tissue. This review will focus on the androgen‐regulated gene expression program, and examine how recently identified androgen‐regulated genes are likely to contribute to the development and progression of prostate cancer. We will also summarize several recent studies that have attempted to unravel how these genes are deregulated in androgen depletion independent prostate cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 333–344, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐induced human arterial smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) proliferation
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Sheng , Wang Sheng‐Qi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn China, the ginseng root began to be used in medicine over 2000 years ago. Ginsenosides are the most important component isolated from ginseng. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the proliferation and molecular mechanism in cultured human arterial vascular smooth muscle cell (HASMC) induced by tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). It was shown that ginsenoside Rg1 significantly inhibited TNF‐α‐induced HASMC proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner. Treatment with ginsenoside Rg1, which blocked the cell cycle in the G1‐phase, induced a downregulation of cyclin D1 and an upregulation in the expression of p53, p21WAF/CIP1, and p27KIP1. MEK inhibitors PD98059, U0126, and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin, but not p38‐inhibitor SB203580 or JNK‐inhibitor SP600125 significantly aggravated ginsenoside Rg1‐inhibited HASMC proliferation. Ginsenoside Rg1 markedly inactivated the extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B (PKB), indicating that the inhibition of ginsenoside Rg1 on HASMC proliferation was associated with ERK and PI3K/PKB pathways. The inactivation of ERK and PI3K/PKB pathways and modulation of cell‐cycle proteins by ginsenoside Rg1 may be of importance in inhibition of HASMCs proliferation. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ligand‐independent regulation of ErbB4 receptor phosphorylation by activated ras
Authors: Tal‐Or Pazit , Erlich Shlomit , Porat‐Shliom Natalie , Goldshmit Yona , Ben‐Baruch Gilad , Shaharabani Ezra , Kloog Yoel , Pinkas‐Kramarski Ronit 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases regulates cell growth, differentiation and survival. Activation of the receptors is induced by specific growth factors in an autocrine, paracrine or juxtacrine manner. The activated ErbB receptors turn on a large variety of signaling cascades, including the prominent Ras‐dependent signaling pathways. The activated Ras can induce secretion of growth factors such as EGF and neuregulin, which activate their respective receptors. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that activated Ras can activate ErbB4 receptor in a ligand‐independent manner. Expression of constitutively active H‐Ras(12V), K‐Ras(12V) or N‐Ras(13V) in PC12‐ErbB4 cells induced ErbB4‐receptor phosphorylation, indicating that each of the most abundant Ras isoforms can induce receptor activation. NRG‐induced phosphorylation of ErbB4 receptor was blocked by the soluble ErbB4 receptor, which had no effect on the Ras‐induced receptor phosphorylation. Moreover, conditioned medium from H‐Ras(12V)‐transfected PC12‐ErbB4 cells had no effect on receptor phosphorylation. It thus indicates that Ras induces ErbB4 phosphorylation in a ligand‐independent manner. Each of the Ras effector domain mutants, H‐Ras(12V)S35, H‐Ras(12V)C40, and H‐Ras(12V)G37, which respectively activate Raf1, PI3K, and RalGEF, induced a small but significant receptor phosphorylation. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and the MEK inhibitor PD98059 caused a partial inhibition of the Ras‐induced ErbB4 receptor phosphorylation. Using a mutant ErbB4 receptor, which lacks kinase activity, we demonstrated that the Ras‐mediated ErbB4 phosphorylation depends on the kinase activity of the receptor and facilitates ligand‐independent neurite outgrowth in PC12‐ErbB4 cells. These experiments demonstrate a novel mechanism controlling ErbB receptor activation. Ras induces ErbB4 receptor phosphorylation in a non‐autocrine manner and this activation depends on multiple Ras effector pathways and on ErbB4 kinase activity. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface enhanced Raman scattering from a hierarchical substrate of micro/nanostructured silver
Authors: Song Wei , Li Wei , Cheng Yuchuan , Jia Huiying , Zhao Guorui , Zhou Yinhua , Yang Bai , Xu Weiqing , Tian Wenjing , Zhao Bing 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe prepared ordered, two‐dimensional arrays of patterns with silver nanoparticles immobilized on patterned self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates on gold, which were used as substrates for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Using contact‐mode atomic force microscopy, we have characterized the formation and structure of such silver pattern assemblies on a microcontact‐printed SAM patterned surface. SERS spectra and surface enhanced Raman mapping (SERM) of 4‐pyridinethiol SAMs on this novel SERS‐active substrate were also investigated. Different SERS activities were observed on the surface of the hierarchical micro/nanostructure. The enhancement factor was studied in detail and the electromagnetic enhancement mechanism was used to explain the SERS effect. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fatigue performance of an injection‐molded short E‐glass fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6,6. I. Effects of orientation, holes, and weld line
Authors: Zhou Yuanxin , Mallick P. K. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis article presents the experimental results of stress‐controlled fatigue tests of an injection‐molded 33 wt% short E‐glass fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6,6. The effects of specimen orientation with respect to the flow direction, hole stress concentration, and weld line on the fatigue life have been considered. In addition, the effect of cyclic frequency has been examined. In addition to the modulus and tensile strength, the fatigue strength of the material was significantly higher in the flow direction than normal to the flow direction, indicating inherent anisotropy of the material caused by flow‐induced orientation of fibers. The presence of weld line reduced the modulus, tensile strength, failure strain, and fatigue strength. The fatigue strength of specimens with a hole was lower than that of un‐notched specimens, but was insensitive to the hole diameter. At cyclic frequencies ≤ 2 Hz, failure was due to fatigue, and fatigue life increased with frequency. However, at cyclic frequencies > 2 Hz, the failure mode was a mixture of fatigue and thermal failures, and fatigue life decreased with increasing frequency. POLYM. COMPOS., 27:230–237, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Stiffness and strength of flax fiber/polymer matrix composites
Authors: Andersons J. , Spārniņš E. , Joffe R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFlax fiber composites with thermoset and thermoplastic polymer matrices have been manufactured and tested for stiffness and strength under uniaxial tension. Flax/polypropylene and flax/maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene composites are produced from compound obtained by coextrusion of granulated polypropylene and flax fibers, while flax fiber mat/vinylester and modified acrylic resin composites are manufactured by resin transfer molding. The applicability of rule‐of‐mixtures and orientational averaging based models, developed for short fiber composites, to flax reinforced polymers is considered. POLYM. COMPOS. 27:221–229, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Minimally adhesive polymer surfaces prepared from star oligosiloxanes and star oligofluorosiloxanes
Authors: Grunlan Melissa A. , Lee Nam S. , Mansfeld Florian , Kus Esra , Finlay John A. , Callow James A. , Callow Maureen E. , Weber William P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe effects of the surface energy, storage modulus (G′), and glass‐transition temperature (Tg) on the biofouling behavior of siloxane and fluorosiloxane polymer surfaces (films) were studied. Irregular SiH‐terminated tetrabranched star oligosiloxanes and star oligofluorosiloxanes were prepared by the acid‐catalyzed equilibration of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane or 1,3,5‐trimethyl‐1,3,5‐tris(3′,3′,3′‐trifluoropropyl)cyclotrisiloxane with tetrakis(dimethylsiloxy)silane, respectively. Terminal epoxy groups were introduced via Pt‐catalyzed hydrosilylation with allyl glycidyl ether to yield compounds that were subsequently crosslinked with α,ω‐bis(3‐aminopropyl)poly(dimethylsiloxane). The resulting films were characterized by goniometry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The foul‐release behavior was studied by the measurement of how strongly sporelings (young plants) of the green seaweed Ulva adhered. The corrosion protection of aluminum was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Fluorosiloxane films displayed higher G′ and Tg values, decreased contact angles (with water), and more effectively released Ulva sporelings in comparison with siloxane films. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2551–2566, 2006
Processing‐induced properties in glassy polymers: Application of structural relaxation to yield stress development
Authors: Engels Tom A. P. , Govaert Leon E. , Peters Gerrit W. M. , Meijer Han E. H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA method is presented to predict the yield stress distribution throughout an injection‐molded product of an amorphous polymer as it results from processing conditions. The method employs the concept of structural relaxation combined with a fictive temperature, following the Tool–Narayanaswamy–Moynihan formalism. The thermal history, as it is experienced by the material during processing, is obtained by means of numerical simulation of the injection molding process. The resulting predictions of yield stress distributions are shown to be in excellent agreement with experimental findings, both for different mold temperatures and for different part thicknesses. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1212–1225, 2006
Managing chemical reactivity—Minimum best practice
Authors: Fauske Hans K. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA minimum best practice (MBP) is proposed to provide enough information to process, store, and transport chemicals safely. The primary objective of the MBP is to reduce the frequency and consequences of runaway reaction‐generated accidents, particularly those occurring within companies with limited technical and financial resources. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2006
Dielectric constant tensor of piezoelectric gadolinium calcium oxoborate crystal, GdCa4O(BO3)3, estimated from the electric impedance spectrum
Authors: Pawlaczyk C. , Markiewicz E. , Kłos A. , Pajączkowska A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA method for obtaining the dielectric coefficients of a piezoelectric crystal from impedance spectrum measurements was proposed. The dielectric coefficients of gadolinium calcium oxoborate, GdCa4O(BO3)3, were evaluated and compared with the literature data. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of La doping on the properties of molybdenum perovskite Sr1–xLaxMoO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2)
Authors: Zhang S. B. , Sun Y. P. , Zhao B. C. , Zhu X. B. , Song W. H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe effects of La‐doping on the structural, magnetic, electrical transport and specific‐heat properties in 4d perovskites Sr1–x Lax MoO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) have been investigated. The substitution of Sr ions by La ions does not change the space group of the samples, but increases the lattice parameter a (Å). The resistivity ρ and magnetic susceptibility χ decrease monotonously with the increase of x , while the electronic specific heat coefficient γ e increases. The resistivity of all samples shows a T 2 dependence in the low‐temperature region of 2 K < T < 125 K and a T dependence in the high‐temperature range of 130 K < T < 350 K, related to the electron–electron (e–e) and electron–phonon (e–ph) scattering, respectively. The specific‐heat data agrees with the classical Dulong–Petit phonon specific heat, C cl = 3k BrN A = 124.7 J/mol K at high temperatures and C p(T )/T = γ e + β pT 2 at low temperatures. These behaviors can be explained according to the decrease of the density of states (DOS) at the Fermi energy level (E F), N (E F). (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First‐principles study of carrier‐mediated ferromagnetism in ZnTe‐based thin film
Authors: Zhou X. H. , Chen X. S. , Huang Y. , Duan H. , Lu W. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe electronic structure and magnetic properties of ZnTe thin film doped with 3d transition metals (TM = Cr and Mn) have been studied by ab initio calculations. Calculations with full geometry optimization for (Zn,TM)Te supercell are carried out by varying the sites TM atoms occupy. We show that the ferromagnetic (FM) phase of (Zn,Cr)Te thin film is energetically preferable state irrespective of the site occupation of the Cr atom, whereas the situation is reversed for the case of (Zn,Mn)Te. We also demonstrate the ground state of (Zn,Mn)Te film changes from antiferromagnetic (AFM) to FM when codoped with N. A careful analysis of the electronic structure reveals that the hybridization between Cr 3d (Mn 3d) and Te 5p (N 2p) states in (Zn,Cr)Te [(Zn,Mn)Te codoped with N] thin film is found to be responsible for the FM coupling. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)