bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should we screen for bladder cancer in a high‐risk population?
Authors: Lotan Yair , Svatek Robert S. , Sagalowsky Arthur I. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently approved screening high‐risk patients for bladder cancer using urine‐based markers. The cost and life‐years saved associated with bladder cancer screening were evaluated.METHODS.A Markov model was created to estimate cumulative cancer‐related costs and efficacy of screening (vs. no screening) of a high‐risk population for bladder cancer using a urine‐based tumor marker over a 5‐year period. Assumptions were based on literature review of survival and progression rates for patients with bladder cancer and costs associated with different bladder cancer disease states.RESULTS.Screening for bladder cancer in a population with a 4% incidence of bladder cancer resulted in a gain of 3.0 life years per 1000 subjects at a cost savings of $101,000 for the population, assuming a 50% downstaging in the screened population from muscle‐invasive to nonmuscle‐invasive disease. One‐way sensitivity analyses found that screening is the most cost‐effective strategy if cancer incidence is >1.6%, tumor marker costs <$126, marker sensitivity is >26%, marker specificity is >54%, downstaging with screening is >20%, and office cystoscopy costs <$694. Varying costs of cystectomy, transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), chemotherapy, end‐of‐life care, costs of metastatic disease, and a computed tomography scan over a wide range did not affect the superiority of screening.CONCLUSIONS.The model found that urine‐based markers are cost‐effective in a high‐risk population. Prospective randomized trials in a completely asymptomatic high‐risk cohort are indicated before bladder cancer screening can be recommended. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Secondary chromosomal abnormalities predict outcome in pediatric and adult high‐stage Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Onciu Mihaela , Schlette Ellen , Zhou Yinmei , Raimondi Susana C. , Giles Francis J. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Ribeiro Raul C. , Pui Ching‐Hon , Sandlund John T. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Karyotypic abnormalities in sporadic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) have been described extensively. However, to the authors' knowledge, very limited studies have focused on the secondary chromosomal abnormalities in pediatric BL as compared with those of adult BL and on their prognostic impact.METHODS.A retrospective analysis was performed in all pediatric and adult patients at 2 institutions, with a morphologic diagnosis of BL, pretherapy tumor karyotype available, and t(8;14), t(8;22), or t(2;8) present.RESULTS.There were 33 children and 37 adults. The majority of the patients (95%) had Stage III/IV disease. There were no statistically significant differences noted in karyotype complexity and the nature of the chromosomal abnormalities between these 2 groups. Abnormalities of chromosomes 13 (13q) and 22 (22q) had a negative impact on prognosis in children. In adults, abnormalities of chromosome 17 appeared to have a negative impact.CONCLUSIONS.The current findings suggest that karyotypic information can be used for refining risk stratification in patients with BL. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
The effect of immunoglobulin VH gene mutation status and other prognostic factors on the incidence of major infections in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Francis Sebastian , Karanth Mamatha , Pratt Guy , Starczynski Jane , Hooper Laura , Fegan Chris , Pepper Chris , Valcarcel David , Milligan Donald W. , Delgado Julio 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Infections are a major factor in the clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and account for 30% to 50% of all deaths. The pathogenesis of infections in CLL is related to hypo‐γ‐globulinemia, T‐cell immune dysfunction, and the immunosuppressive effect of treatment.METHODS.The authors retrospectively assessed the correlations between new prognostic markers and types of infections encountered, the time taken to develop these infections, and infection‐related mortality in 280 unselected patients with CLL.RESULTS.One hundred patients (36%) had at least 1 major infection (median, 2 major infections; range, 1–8 major infections) over a median follow‐up of 67 months. Infections were the most common cause of death, accounting for 51% of all fatalities. Older age (P = .007), clinical Stage B or C disease (P < .001), unmutated immunoglobulin (Ig)VH gene status (P < .001), genetic abnormalities (P < .001), positive CD38 status (P < .001), and type of initial therapy were associated with a significantly shorter time to first infection. Equally, patient age (P < .001), disease stage (P < .001), CD38 expression (P < .001), IgVH mutation status (P < .001), and genetic abnormalities (P = .003) had a significant impact on infection‐related mortality.CONCLUSIONS.Clinical stage at diagnosis, IgVH mutation status, and initial therapy were possible predictors of severe infections in patients with CLL. The current results may help to identify which patients with CLL are at particularly high risk of developing serious infections and, thus, should be considered for Ig or antibiotic prophylaxis. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Ultrafast Photoisomerization of Photoactive Yellow Protein Chromophore Analogues in Solution: Influence of the Protonation State
Authors: Espagne Agathe , Paik Daniel H. , Changenet‐Barret Pascale , Martin Monique M. , Zewail Ahmed H. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe investigate solvent viscosity and polarity effects on the photoisomerization of the protonated and deprotonated forms of two analogues of the photoactive yellow protein (PYP) chromophore. These are trans‐p‐hydroxybenzylidene acetone and trans‐p‐hydroxyphenyl cinnamate, studied in solutions of different polarity and viscosity at room temperature, by means of femtosecond fluorescence up‐conversion. The fluorescence lifetimes of the protonated forms are found to be barely sensitive to solvent viscosity, and to increase with increasing solvent polarity. In contrast, the fluorescence decays of the deprotonated forms are significantly slowed down in viscous media and accelerated in polar solvents. These results elucidate the dramatic influence of the protonation state of the PYP chromophore analogues on their photoinduced dynamics. The viscosity and polarity effects are, respectively, interpreted in terms of different isomerization coordinates and charge redistribution in S1. A trans‐to‐cis isomerization mechanism involving mainly the ethylenic double‐bond torsion and/or solvation is proposed for the anionic forms, whereas “concerted” intramolecular motions are proposed for the neutral forms.
The Gas‐Phase Chemistry of cis‐Diammineplatinum(II) Complexes: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Springer Andreas , Bürgel Christian , Böhrsch Verena , Mitrić Roland , Bonačić‐Koutecký Vlasta , Linscheid Michael W. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPrior to reactions with DNA, the anticancer drug cisplatin [PtII(NH3)2Cl2] forms a series of solvolysis intermediates by successive replacement of the chloro ligands by water or hydroxyl groups. The bonding of water to PtII is weak, and it is easily substituted by donor ligands present in the solution, for example, amines or alcohols. We studied such compounds using high‐resolution electrospray mass spectrometry with a linear ion trap and DFT computations. This combination allows for the first time a detailed description of the reactions initiated by the central atom of the complexes. Positively charged cisplatin adducts with primary and secondary alcohols ([PtII(NH3)2(ROH)Cl]+) show unexpected reactions when fragmented in a linear ion trap. Either water loss is accompanied by formation of the corresponding carbene complex, or loss of the corresponding aldehyde/ketone leads to the formation of the complex [Pt(NH3)2(H2)Cl]+. Complete loss of the alcohol ligand is not observed for kinetic reasons. A detailed investigation by DFT and molecular dynamics for the cisplatin/methanol complex [PtII(NH3)2(CH3OH)Cl]+ allowed identification of the reaction mechanisms leading to the observed fragmentation patterns. The initial step for both fragmentation pathways is activation of the α‐CH bond and subsequent H transfer within the complex. Direct activation of the OH or CO bond is less favorable. Ligands bound to the PtII center such as the chloro ligand can directly catalyze the reaction by intermediate binding of H atoms. Upon collision activation, adducts without an α‐H atom such as [Pt(NH3)2{(CH3)3COH}Cl]+ show loss of water or the corresponding alkene.
Theoretical Study of N2O Reduction by CO in Fe‐BEA Zeolite
Authors: Fischer Gerd , Goursot Annick , Coq Bernard , Delahay Gérard , Pal Sourav 
Published: July 2006

AbstractQuantum mechanical (QM) and QM/molecular mechanics (MM) studies of the full catalytic cycle of N2O reduction by CO in Fe‐BEA zeolite, that is, oxidation of BEA‐Fe by N2O and reduction of BEA‐Fe‐αO by CO, is presented. A large QM cluster, representing half of the channel of the BEA zeolite, is used. The contribution of the MM embedding to the calculated activation energies is found to be negligible. The minimum‐energy paths for N2O decomposition and reduction with CO are calculated using the nudged elastic band (NEB) method. Calculated and experimental activation energies are in good agreement. The two possible orientations for the gaseous molecules adsorbing on the Fe site that are found lead to different activation energies.
C‐peptide improves neuropathy in type 1 diabetic BB/Wor‐rats
Authors: Zhang Weixian , Kamiya Hideki , Ekberg Karin , Wahren John , Sima Anders A. F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe spontaneously diabetic BB/Wor‐rat is a close model of human type 1 diabetes and develops diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) similar to that seen in type 1 patients. Here we examine the therapeutic effects of C‐peptide, delivered as continuous infusion or once daily subcutaneous injections on established DPN.MethodsDiabetic rats were treated from four to seven months duration of diabetes with full continuous replacement dose of rat C‐peptide via (a) osmopumps (OS), (b) full replacement dose (HSC) or (c) one‐third of full replacement dose (LSC) by once daily injections.ResultsDiabetic rats treated with OS showed improvements in motor nerve conduction velocity (p < 0.001), sural nerve myelinated fibre number (p < 0.005), size (p < 0.05), axonal area (p < 0.001), regeneration (p < 0.001) and overall neuropathy score (p < 0.001). The progressive decline in sensory nerve conduction velocity was fully prevented. The frequencies of Wallerian degeneration were decreased (p < 0.005). HSC‐treated rats showed prevention of further progression of DPN (p < 0.001), whereas LSC‐treated rats showed a milder progression of DPN (p < 0.001) compared to untreated rats as assessed by neuropathy score.ConclusionWe conclude that (1) C‐peptide is effective in the treatment of established DPN, (2) its effect is dose‐dependent and (3) replacement by continuous infusion is the most effective administration of C‐peptide. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
(Cyclen– and cyclam–pyridine)copper Complexes: The Role of the Pyridine Moiety in CuII and CuI Stabilisation
Authors: El Ghachtouli Sanae , Cadiou Cyril , Déchamps‐Olivier Isabelle , Chuburu Françoise , Aplincourt Michel , Roisnel Thierry 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe protonation constants of cyclen– and cyclam–pyridine [1‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane (L1) and 1‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane (L2), respectively] and the stability constants (log β110) of the corresponding copper complexes ([CuL1]2+ and [CuL2]2+) were determined by potentiometric titrations. The complexes were subsequently isolated and characterised by X‐ray diffraction, UV/Vis spectroscopy and electrochemical studies. The [CuL2]2+ complex adopts two distinct and stable geometries (trans I and III), which mainly differ by the macrocycle configuration. The trans III configurational isomer can be converted into the trans I one by electron transfer. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Inferring power‐relevant thoughts and feelings in others: a signal detection analysis
Authors: Mast Marianne Schmid , Hall Judith A. , Ickes William 
Published: July 2006

AbstractDrawing inferences about other people's thoughts and feelings related to power issues (‘power‐relevant’ thoughts and feelings) can affect how hierarchies are formed. Perceivers who infer such thoughts and feelings can be biased (i.e., over‐ or underestimating the occurrence of power‐relevant thoughts and feelings). We investigated whether the perceiver's gender and the perceiver's preference for a high or low power position (‘power preference’) affects the perceiver's bias toward attributing power‐relevant thoughts and feelings to others. Participants were 80 female and 35 male students who indicated their power preference and then guessed whether videotaped target individuals had experienced power‐relevant thoughts and feelings or not. Using a signal detection approach, we found that men who preferred a high power position overestimated the occurrence of power‐relevant thoughts and feelings in others more than men who preferred a low power position. No such difference in overestimation bias was found for women. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The powerful want to, the powerless have to: perceived constraint moderates causal attributions
Authors: Overbeck Jennifer R. , Tiedens Larissa Z. , Brion Sebastien 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIt is popularly believed that powerful people enjoy a nearly‐absolute lack of constraints, and that powerless people suffer under overwhelming constraints; in fact, such differences largely define the social categories of ‘powerful person’ and ‘powerless person.’ This association of power‐related social categories and constraint constitutes a stereotype that may lead perceivers to overlook other, more diagnostic information when explaining others' behavior. As a result, the actions of powerholders may tend to be seen as dispositionally motivated and those of the powerless as situationally motivated. This should occur because of both real differences in constraint, and bias in the failure to account for other, more diagnostic information about constraint. Two studies support these predictions. In Study 1, participants judged powerless workers as more situationally motivated, especially under coercion, than both controls and powerholders, who were judged as more dispositional. In Study 2, given more fine‐grained information about constraints and power, participants' attributions reflected both accurate use of this information and bias. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of power on emotion and expression during a controversial group discussion
Authors: Berdahl Jennifer L. , Martorana Paul 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe approach/inhibition theory of power proposes that elevated social power increases the experience and expression of positive emotions and that reduced social power increases the experience and expression of negative emotions (Keltner, Gruenfeld, & Anderson, 2003). The evidence to date for these proposed relationships is correlational. Studies that have attempted to find a causal link between power and emotions have failed to do so. The current study manipulated social power in 61 three‐person groups that engaged in a meaningful discussion (explanations for poverty in the US) that produced disagreements and strong emotions. High power individuals experienced and expressed more positive emotions and less anger than low power individuals did. High power individuals were also more likely than low power individuals to openly express their opinions during the group discussion. Implications for theory and future research are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social power
Authors: Brauer Markus , Bourhis Richard Y. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn the present article, we discuss and compare recent theoretical and empirical contributions to the growing body of research on social power. In the last decade, five different theories on power have been proposed. These theories can be distinguished according to whether they focus on intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup or ideological processes. Our analysis leads us to claim that future theoretical contributions would have much to gain by addressing the issue of social power on multiple levels of analysis. The recent empirical work on social power suggests that powerful individuals and members of powerful groups differ from powerless individuals and members of powerless groups with regard to (a) how they perceive and judge others, (b) how they are evaluated as targets, and (c) how they behave. Those who have power perceive others more stereotypically and judge them more negatively. They also tend to take action more frequently and generally behave in a more variable manner. This difference in objective variability is further reinforced by perceivers' tendency to exaggerate the variability of high power groups. The latter two effects contribute to the phenomenon that high power groups are less often the target of stereotypes than low power groups. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solid‐State Microelectrodes for Flow‐Cell Analysis Based on Planar Back‐Side Contact Transducers
Authors: Mamińska Renata , Wróblewski Wojciech 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper presents an overview of the studies carried out in the recent years in our laboratory, on the construction of different solid‐state microelectrodes for flow‐cell analysis. The microelectrodes were based on planar transducers made from a printed circuit board and manufactured as back‐side contact structures, which facilitate their mounting in a flow‐cell. Performances of the polymeric membrane ion‐selective: coated‐wire microelectrodes and microsensors with a polyHEMA layer containing internal electrolyte are compared. Conducting polymer – polypyrrole doped with ester of sulfosuccinic acid – was added to the PVC membranes to develop all‐solid‐state microelectrodes without internal electrolyte solution, exhibiting good potential stability in time. Finally, all‐solid‐state reference microelectrodes based on back‐side contact transducers are prepared and examined. These structures were applied as reference electrodes in flow‐cell measurements with potassium‐selective planar microelectrodes.
Approaches to Improving the Lower Detection Limit of Polymeric Membrane Ion‐Selective Electrodes
Authors: Szigeti Zsófia , Vigassy Tamás , Bakker Eric , Pretsch Ernö 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMore than ten different approaches for improving the lower detection limit of polymeric membrane ion‐selective electrodes have been suggested during the recent years. In this contribution, their principles are briefly summarized with a focus to their general practical applicability. The methods that are the most rugged and the easiest to implement in a routine laboratory will be highlighted.
Multisensor Systems for Separate Determination of Homologous Anionic and Non‐Ionic Surfactants
Authors: Mikhaleva Natalia Mikhailovna , Kulapina Elena Grigorevna 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe electrode, transport, selective properties and cross sensitivity of surfactant sensors based on various electrode‐active substances speak for their applicability in multisensor analysis. Permeability and ion flows of surfactants for ion‐exchange membranes are estimated. Influence of the nature and concentration of electrode‐active substances and the contacting solutions, membrane thickness on quantitative characteristics membrane transport is shown. The electrode, transport, and selective properties of surfactant membranes based on alkylpyridinium alkylsulfates and tetraphenylborate salts of complex cations of barium‐polyethoxylate enable their usage in multisensor systems (electronic tongue). Arrays of solid‐contact potentiometric sensors with a high cross sensitivity for separate detection of anionic and non‐ionic surfactant homologues in multicomponent systems are designed. With the usage of multisensor surfactant systems and mathematical methods the ability of separate detection of homologous anionic and non‐ionic surfactants in multicomponent model mixtures, natural waters and technical drugs is shown.
Electrochemical DNA Biosensor for Testing Pentamidine and Its Analogues as Potential Chemotherapeutics
Authors: Szpakowska Iwona , Krassowska‐Swiebocka Barbara , Maciejewska Dorota , Kazmierczak Pawel , Jemielita Wirginia , Konrad Magdalena , Trykowska Joanna , Maj‐Zurawska Magdalena 
Published: July 2006

AbstractElectrochemical DNA‐based biosensors are used as screening devices for a rapid evaluation of chemical compounds interacting with double helix of the nucleic acid. Pentamidine is one of minor groove binding chemotherapeutics clinically used as anti‐PCP agent. Therefore, we designed, synthesized and tested some pentamidine analogues with diethyl ether linker and 1,2‐diazine (pyridazine) or 1,3,5‐triazine derivatives with cyanophenoxy substituent, precursors of amidine groups to establish if they can be more efficacious DNA interacting compounds than the original pentamidine drug. The tested compounds were: 1,5‐bis(4‐amidinophenoxy)pentane isethionate‐pentamidine (1) used as template, 6‐chloro‐3‐(4‐cyanophenoxy)pyridazine (2), 4,6‐dichloro‐2‐(4‐cyanophenoxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine (3), 4‐amidinophenol dihydrate (4), 1,5‐bis(4‐amidinophenoxy)‐3‐oxapentane dihydrochloride‐γ‐oxapentamidine (5), 1,5‐bis(N‐cyclohexyl‐4‐amidinophenoxy)‐3‐oxapentane dihydrochloride (6). The results show that none of the tested analogues binds dsDNA more strongly than the original drug pentamidine (1). Compound 2 with pyridazine group interacts with the nucleic acid in a different way than the one with triazine (3) – the signals obtained using DNA‐based biosensor had opposite features. Close derivatives 5 and 6 of the main drug pentamidine (1) showed a weak influence on the double‐stranded nucleic acid which proves that even small changes in the structure of a molecule can strongly affect the character and properties of the above mentioned compounds in the presence of DNA. In this context atomic charge distribution in the studied molecules is also discussed.
Depression in late‐life: shifting the paradigm from treatment to prevention
Authors: Whyte Ellen M. , Rovner Barry 
Published: July 2006

AbstractLate‐life depression is very common and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. While the field of geriatric psychiatry is focused on depression treatment, prevention is an enticing option. Prevention of late‐life depression would decrease both emotional suffering and depression‐associated morbidity and mortality and may decrease dependence on non‐mental health professionals to detect depression and to initiate a treatment referral. This paper will review current thinking on prevention research with a particular focus on its application to late‐life depression. To illustrate these issues, we discuss recent and ongoing clinical trials of interventions to prevent depression in two populations of older persons: those with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and those with cerebrovascular disease. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.