bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor to reduce the toxicity of super‐VAC chemotherapy in advanced solid tumours in childhood
Authors: Jones Cheryl A. , Shaw Peter J. , Stevens Michael M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChildren with advanced solid tumours at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children (RAHC) receive an intensive four drug chemotherapy combination, Super‐VAC (cyclophosphamide, 500 mg/m2, adriamycin, 30 mg/m2, actinomycin‐D, 0.5 mg/m2, all daily for 3 days, and vincristine, 1.5 mg/m2 weekly). The majority of patients respond well to three courses of such therapy, but with considerable morbidity, including fever, neutropenia, and mucositis. In an attempt to reduce the morbidity of Super‐VAC, G‐CSF was added. We documented various parameters in 12 patients who received 28 cycles with G‐CSF and compared them to an historical control group of 37 cycles in the preceding 14 patients who received Super‐VAC. The median duration of each cycle was 23 days with G‐CSF and 28 days without G‐CSF (P = 0.004). However, differences in requirements for inpatient care (median 16 v. 20 days), intravenous antibiotics (median 9 v. 10 days), amphotericin (median 5 v. 3 days), morphine (median 8.5 v. 7 days), or TPN (median 6.5 v. 8 days) did not reach statistical significance. As expected, a significant difference in neutrophil recovery was demonstrated between the two groups (median 11 v. 16 days, P < 0.0001) but not in platelet recovery (median 13 v. 13 days). The use of G‐CSF with Super‐VAC resulted in a shorter cycle length, so increasing the dose intensity. A reduction in morbidity could not be demonstrated. No toxic side effects from G‐CSF were noted. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemotherapy‐induced growth hormone deficiency in children with cancer
Authors: Román Juan , Villaizán Carmen J. , García‐Foncillas Jesús , Azcona Cristina , Salvador Javier , Sierrasesúmaga Luis 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground. Chemotherapy (CT) may produce growth impairment, however, the pathogenesis is still unclear.Methods. A series of 25 patients mean age 13.3 years (6.3–19.8), previously treated for malignant solid tumours with only CT and surgery were studied. Growth hormone (GH) reserve was assessed by two different provocative stimuli (Clonidine and L‐Dopa). Mean time between completion of treatment and GH evaluation was 18.5 months (2–74 months). At that time, all patients were in complete remission.Results. GH deficiency (GHD), defined by an impaired GH response to both provocative tests was observed in 11 out of 25 patients (44%). At diagnosis, mean standing height was +0.23 ± 1.42 SDS in the GHD group (GHD‐g) and +0.18 ± 1.23 SDS in the non‐GHD group (n‐GHD‐g). At the end of therapy, the mean standing height in the GHD‐g was −0.31 ± 1.22 SDS and −0.17 ± 1.41 in the n‐GHD‐g, differing from the former group (P = 0.05). For a mean follow‐up of 30 months from the end of treatment, the mean standing height was −0.48 ± 1.23 SDS in the GHD‐g and −0.24 ± 1.51 SDS for the n‐GHD‐g (P = 0.03).Growth rate at the end of treatment was +0.13 ± 1.54 in the GHD‐g and +0.21 ± 1.75 in the n‐GHD‐g. For a mean follow‐up of 30 months from the end of treatment, the growth rate was different between GHD‐g and n‐GHD‐g (−0.31 ±2.72 vs. −0.21 ± 1.93, P < 0.05).Conclusions. 1) Growth impairment in children treated because of malignant diseases has a multifactorial etiology, but CT‐induced GH deficiency is one potential adverse factor. 2) An endocrine follow‐up should be introduced in order to detect and treat hormonal deficiencies as early as possible. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health‐related behaviors of survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Mulhern Raymond K. , Tyc Vida L. , Phipps Sean , Crom Deborah , Barclay Deborah , Greenwald Carol , Hudson Melissa , Thompson Elizabeth I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe health‐related beliefs and behaviors of long‐term survivors of childhood cancer are important because of vulnerability to adverse late effects from their primary malignancy and its therapy. A health behavior survey was completed by 110 parents of long‐term survivors ranging in age from 11–17 years, and by 40 adult long‐term survivors of childhood cancer ranging in age from 18–29 years. The survey included questions on the former patient's frequency of alcohol and tobacco use, as well as diet, exercise, sleep, dental, and seatbelt habits. The reported prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use was less than 10% among those less than 18 years old. Among the adults, tobacco (17.5%) and alcohol (72.5%) use was greater, but problem drinking was infrequently reported. In order to assess their perceived vulnerability, we asked the parents and the young adult patients to rate the strength of their belief that it is more important for the patient to keep healthy compared to most other children or young adults. Contrary to our expectations, demographic factors such as the patient's gender, socioeconomic level, or time elapsed since completion of therapy exerted minimal influence on their responses. Over 80% of parents and 60% of young adult survivos believed that it was more important for the former patient to remain healthy compared to most other people. However, this shared belief in increased vulnerability was inconsistently expressed in the patient's health behaviors. These results suggest that specific changes are needed in the health assessment and education of long‐term survivors of childhood cancer. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fractionated total‐body irradiation preceding high‐dose cytosine arabinoside as a preparative regimen for bone marrow transplantation in children with acute leukemia
Authors: Kamani Naynesh , Bayever Eliel , August Charles S. , Bunin Nancy , Goldwein Joel W. , D'Angio Giulio J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty children with acute leukemia between 3 and 19 years of age underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from HLA‐matched sibling donors after conditioning with total‐body irradiation (1,200 cGy in six fractions of 200 cGy twice daily for 3 days) and high dose cytosine arabinoside (3 g/m2 given every 12 hours for 12 doses). Three patients died with acute toxicity. Six patients developed grade II acute graft versus host disease. With a median follow‐up of 68 months (range 26–96 months), thirteen children (65%) are alive and in remission with Karnofsky scores of 90–100%. A patient with AML in resistant relapse went into remission but relapsed and died 5 months post‐transplantation. Three other patients relapsed, 8, 12, and 16 months post BMT. Our results suggest that this conditioning regimen is associated with high but manageable acute toxicity and may be highly effective in controlling leukemia resistant to conventional chemotherapy. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclophosphamide in combination with sargramostim for treatment of recurrent medulloblastoma
Authors: Moghrabi Albert , Fuchs Herb , Brown Mark , Schold S. Clifford , Graham Michael , Kurtzberg Joanne , Tien Robert , Felsberg Gary , Lachance Daniel H. , Colvin O. Michael , Oette Dagmar , Allegretta Gary J. , Hockenberger Beverly , Stewart Elizabeth , Ferrell Lee , Kerby Tracy , Duncan‐Brown Margaret , Bigner Darell D. , Friedman Henry S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirteen patients with recurrent medulloblastoma were treated with cyclophosphamide in association with Sargramostim. Cyclophosphamide was given at doses ranging between 1.0–2.5 g/m2 daily for two doses. Sargramostim was given at a fixed dose of 250 μg/m2 subcutaneously twice a day beginning 24 hours after the second cyclophosphamide dose and continuing through the leukocyte nadir until the ANC was more than 1,000 cells/μl for two consecutive days. A total of 33 courses were given with toxicity consisting of grade 4 neutropenia in all courses and grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia in 10 of 13 patients. There were no deaths related to infection or bleeding. Four patients were taken off study because of prolonged myelosuppression. Three of these patients were at the 2.5 g/m2 level, and of these three, two developed lung toxicity (grades 2 and 4, respectively). One patient developed an allergic reaction following the first injection of Sargramostim and was also taken off study. Of 10 evaluable patients, there were 9 PR and 1 SD. We conclude that cyclophosphamide at a dose of 2.0 g/m2/day × 2 days q 4 weeks in association with Sargramostim demonstrates marked activity with acceptable toxicity in patients with recurrent medulloblastoma. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid cytoreduction in childhood leukemic hyperleukocytosis by conservative therapy
Authors: Basade Maheboob , Dhar Anil K. , Kulkarni Samar S. , Sastry P. S. R. K. , Yadav Ram P. , Parikh Bhavana S. , Pai Suresh K. , Nair Chandrika N. , Kurkure Purna A. , Advani Suresh H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChildhood leukemic hyperleukocytosis poses a serious threat to life because of its associated metabolic complications. The present prospective trial utilized conservative management of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with hyperleukocytosis (total white cell count equal or >100 × 109/L) by intravenous hydration, urinary alkalinization, and allopurinol presenting without severe life‐threatening complications. The median reduction in WBC count was 81.51% (range: 66–98.8%) within a median period of 36 hours (range: 12–60 hours) following hospitalization. There were no failures or treatment related complications. Thus we conclude that in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, hyperleukocytosis can be managed safely and effectively with intravenous hydration, urinary alkalinization, and allopurinol before starting any specific anti‐leukemic chemotherapy avoiding risk‐associated cranial irradiation, leukapheresis, and exchange transfusion. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nutritional and treatment‐related characteristics of pediatric oncology patients referred or not referred for nutritional support
Authors: Tyc Vida L. , Vallelunga Lori , Mahoney Sherry , Smith Bruce F. , Mulhern Raymond K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNutritional problems often result from malignancies and aggressive multimodal treatment. Early identification of reliable risk factors associated with malnutrition and need for nutritional support is necessary for development of preventative approaches. Nutritional and treatment‐related characteristics were examined for 173 pediatric oncology patients referred for nutritional support and a comparison sample of 43 patients matched on treatment protocol and/or diagnosis who had never been referred for nutritional support. Abnormally low serum albumin levels, poor oral intake, mucositis, prior radiation therapy, and increased gastrointestinal toxicity were significantly more frequent among referred than non‐referred patients. A discriminant function analysis indicated that poor oral intake was the single best predictor of need for nutritional support. Patients with solid tumors were more nutritionally depleted at the time of referral; all bone marrow transplant patients received nutritional support. Patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors required nutritional support for longer time periods. We conclude that routine documentation of poor oral intake (i.e., observation of change in a child's eating patterns) is the most reliable indicator of children who eventually require nutritional support and who may benefit from interventions that could delay or prevent nutritional problems. Prophylactic interventions should be tailored to meet the specific needs of individual diagnostic groups. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Response to high‐dose cisplatin and etoposide in advanced germ cell tumors in children: Results of the Brazilian germ cell tumor study
Authors: Lopes Luiz Fernando , De Camargo Beatriz , Dondonis Miriam , de Araujo Rogerio Agenor , Morinaka Elizabeth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA trial was undertaken to assess the efficacy and toxicity of high‐dose cisplatin and etoposide in children with newly diagnosed advanced malignant germ cell tumors. A total of eleven children and adolescents were treated with courses of high dose cisplatin 30 mg/m2/day and etoposide 120 mg/m2/day in five day cycles at 21 day intervals. There were eight girls and three boys, aged between 1 and 16 years (median: 120 months). Of nine unresectable tumors, six were in complete remission after three cycles and were completely resected. All patients are alive (median follow‐up 17 months). Preliminary results shows that high dose cisplatin and etoposide is effective in controlling advanced malignant germ cell tumor. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinicopathological features and management of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease and primary small intestinal lymphoma in pakistan
Authors: Malik Imtiaz A. , Shamsi Zia , Shafquat Azam , Aziz Zeba , Shaikh Hizbullah , Jafri Wasim , Khan M. Ata , Khan A. Haleem 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study was performed to confirm the existence of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID) in Pakistan. Clinicopathological features of 12 patients with histologically confirmed disease were analysed. Patients were mostly young males with median age of 24.6 years. Two thirds belonged to poor socioeconomic class. Main presenting features were chronic diarrhoea and weight loss. Eleven patients had radiologic evidence of malabsorption syndrome. Endoscopic findings of mucosal thickening, edema, and flattened villi were present in the majority. Patients had both secretory and non‐secretory types of disease. Six patients presented with stage A disease. Four responded to antibiotics or steroids, although mucosal abnormalities persisted in three. Two stage A patients evolved into stage C disease, one was lost to follow‐up, the other is alive with disease. Three patients presented with stage B disease. Two responded completely to chemotherapy, the third refused treatment and expired after 16 months. Three patients had stage C disease at diagnosis. They received aggressive combination chemotherapy and remain in complete remission with a median follow‐up of 2.2 years. This is the first series of patients with IPSID reported from Pakistan. Clinicopathological features and therapeutic results are consistent with the experience elsewhere. Increased awareness may result in early diagnosis and better management. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA index and %S‐phase cells determined in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of children: A report from studies ALL V, ALL VI, and ALL VII (1979–1991) of the dutch childhood leukemia study group and the Netherlands workgroup on cancer genetics and cytogenetics
Authors: Smets L. A. , Slater R. , van Wering E. R. , van der Does‐van den Berg A. , Hart A. A. M. , Veerman A. J. P. , Kamps W. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDNA per cell content was routinely recorded by single‐parameter flow cytometry in leukemic blasts from 473 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), enrolled in national studies ALL V, VI, and VII (1979–1991) of the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group. The parameters bonemarrow %S‐value and DNA Index were compared with clinical features, with chromosome number based on cytogenetic analyses and with treatment results in study ALL VI. %S‐values, ranging between 1 and 36%, were unrelated to initial white blood cell count, immunophenotype, and DNA index but were lowest in blasts with L1 morphology. In study ALL VI (non‐high risk), the survival of patients with ≦6% S‐phase cells was superior to that of patients with %S‐values of >6 (P = 0.030). Hyperdiploidy, defined by a DNA index ≧1.16, was compared to the cytogenetic hyperdiploid classification of n > 50. Initially there were 25 discrepancies in 189 samples jointly analysed by flow cytometry and cytogenetics. After review only five discrepancies remained unresolved. Hyperdiploidy, independent of the method used, was found to be unrelated to blast morphology and %S‐phase cells but closely associated with c‐ALL and was absent in T‐ALL. In study ALL VI, event‐free survival at 8 years of hyperdiploid patients was 90.6% but was not significantly different from non‐hyperdiploid patients (EFS = 82.1%; P = 0.08). Routine DNA flow cytometry appeared a valuable adjunct to cytogenetic analyses and allowed the identification of a large subset of non‐high‐risk ALL patients in study ALL VI with a DNA index ≥1.16 or %S‐value of ≦6.0 with highest survival probability. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is there a gender difference in red blood cell thiopurine methyltransferase activity in healthy children?
Authors: Klemetsdal Bjørg , Flægstad Trond , Aarbakke Jarle 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have examined red blood cell (RBC) thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity in a healthy population sample of Norwegian children, age 1–10 years. Boys had mean RBC TPMT activity of 11.1 ± 2.0 U (n = 87) vs. 10.6 ± 2.2 U (n = 71) in girls, the difference was not significant (P = 0.3). Age was negatively correlated to RBC TPMT activity (rS = −0.2, P = 0.01). As boys with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) tolerate more 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) than girls and have a higher risk of relapse, we have searched for pharmacokinetic causes of these gender differences. The gender difference in 6‐MP tolerance and clinical outcome in children with ALL cannot be explained by the minor and nonsignificant higher RBC TPMT activity in boys compared to girls. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survival and quality of life of paediatric intracranial germ cell tumour patients treated at the Christie Hospital, 1972–1993
Authors: Kiltie Anne E. , Gattamaneni H. Rao 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom 1972 to 1993, 25 patients under 16 years old were treated at the Christie Hospital for intracranial germ cell tumours (ICGCTs). A retrospective analysis of the case notes was undertaken. The cases comprised 10 germinomas, nine non‐germinomatous germ cell tumours (NGGCTs), and six cases with no histology. Ten patients had either complete or incomplete removal of the tumour. All patients received radiotherapy (20 patients received craniospinal irradiation [CSI]). Thirteen patients received chemotherapy at presentation (six platinum‐based). All marker‐negative pure germinomas treated with CSI survived. The actuarial 5‐year survival for NGGCTs was 44%. Although CSI resulted in spine shortening, the overall effect on growth was not marked and the neuropsychologic sequelae were minimal with good overall functional results. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tropisetron in the prevention of nausea and vomiting in 131 children receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy
Authors: Benoit Yves , Hulstaert Frank , Vermylen Christiane , Sariban Eric , Hoyoux Claire , Uyttebroeck Anne , Otten Jacques , Laureys Geneviève , de Kerpel Isabelle , Nortier Damienne , Ritter Linda , de Keyser Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTropisetron (Navoban®, Sandoz Pharma Ltd., Basel, Switzerland), a selective antagonist of the serotonin receptor (5‐HT3) dosed once‐daily at 0.2 mg/kg (with a maximum of 5 mg daily), was evaluated in the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in 131 children with a median age of 5 years (age 10 weeks to 21 years). Acute lymphocytic leukemia was the most common malignancy (49%). Most children (82%) had received cytotoxic chemotherapy before enrollment. Patients received tropisetron during one or more courses of chemotherapy (455 courses in total). Tropisetron was administered slowly intravenously as a single dose before the start of chemotherapy on day 1 and intravenously or by mouth the subsequent days as a single daily dose (median treatment duration: 5 days). Response to tropisetron per 24 hour period on the first 5 days of each chemotherapy course was graded as complete (absence of both nausea and vomiting), partial (one to four vomits and/or less than 5 hours of nausea), or failure. Overall complete response on day 1 was observed in 305 out of 455 chemotherapy courses (67%). The patients receiving intravenous chemotherapy (N = 92) had a 70% complete response rate and a 26% partial response rate on day 1, both for course 1 and course 2. The percentage of complete responders increased the subsequent days of the course. Emesis after day 1 was observed primarily during courses with the most emetogenic chemotherapy. No side‐effects of tropisetron other than a single case of diarrhoea were documented in this study. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic learning, pricing, and ordering by a censored newsvendor
Authors: Bisi Arnab , Dada Maqbool 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe address the problem of determining optimal ordering and pricing policies in a finite‐horizon newsvendor model with unobservable lost sales. The demand distribution is price‐dependent and involves unknown parameters. We consider both the cases of perishable and nonperishable inventory. A very general class of demand functions is studied in this paper. We derive the optimal ordering and pricing policies as unique functions of the stocking factor (which is a linear transformation of the safety factor). An important expression is obtained for the marginal expected value of information. As a consequence, we show when lost sales are unobservable, with perishable inventory the optimal stocking factor is always at least as large as the one given by the single‐period model; however, if inventory is nonperishable, this result holds only under a strong condition. This expression also helps to explain why the optimal stocking factor of a period may not increase with the length of the problem. We compare this behavior with that of a full information model. We further examine the implications of the results to the special cases when demand uncertainty is described by additive and multiplicative models. For the additive case, we show that if demand is censored, the optimal policy is to order more as well as charge higher retail prices when compared to the policies in the single‐period model and the full information model. We also compare the optimal and myopic policies for the additive and multiplicative models. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007
Comments on ‘The computation of wavelet‐Galerkin approximation on a bounded interval’
Authors: Zhang Tonghua , Tian Yu‐Chu , Tadé Moses O. , Utomo Johan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this letter, we identify and correct the errors in (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 1996; 39:2921–2944). And we also develop clearer procedures for the computation of the connection coefficients from the wavelet‐Galerkin scheme. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene polymorphisms and behavior
Authors: McGuffin Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGenetics has a entered golden post genomic era that promises to greatly improve our understanding of the etiology of complex familial disorders. Many forms of behavior are familial but Mendelian disorders are rare, and common conditions have complex inheritance. Twin and adoption studies confirm that major psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder are highly heritable. There is also emerging evidence of some overlap between these disorders. Several susceptibility loci for schizophrenia have been identified, at least one of which is also a susceptibility gene for bipolar disorder. The first susceptibility genes involved in major psychiatric disorders have been identified and more will soon follow with the exploitation of emerging technologies that allow whole genome association studies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:736–737. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.