bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fairness in Extended Dictator Game Experiments
Authors: Oberholzer-Gee Felix , Eichenberger Reiner 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
We test the robustness of behavior in dictator games by offering allocators the choice to play an unattractive lottery. With this lottery option, mean transfers from allocators to recipients substantially decline, partly because many allocators now keep the entire endowment for themselves (without playing the lottery). In our standard dictator game, the median transfer amounts to 41% of the dictators' endowment. Once the lottery option is present, the median transfer falls to zero. Introducing an additional unattractive choice thus leads subjects to violate the weak axiom of revealed preference (WARP).
Mitigating the Problem of Unmeasured Outcomes in Quality Reports
Authors: Glazer Jacob , McGuire Thomas , Normand Sharon-Lise T. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Quality reports or profiles of health care providers are inevitably based on only a measurable subset of the ``outputs" of the organization. Hospitals, for example, are being profiled on their mortality in the cardiac area but not in some other areas where mortality does not seem to be the appropriate measure of quality. If inputs used for outputs included in the profile also affect outputs outside the scope of the profile, it can be taken into account in constructing a profile of the measured outputs. This paper presents a theory for how such a commonality in production should be taken into account in designing a profile for a hospital or other health care provider. We distinguish between ``conventional" weights in a quality profile, and ``optimal" weights that take into account a commonality in the production process. The basic idea is to increase the weights on discharges for which output is measured that use inputs that are important to other discharges whose outputs are not included in the profile.
Advertising, Free-Riding, and Price Differences in the Market for Prescription Drugs
Authors: Linnosmaa Ismo Erkki 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
This article studies the pricing and advertising of prescription drugs in a duopoly market. If advertising is banned, decisions of the prescribing physician are price-sensitive. The emerging market equilibrium is characterized by marginal-cost pricing and normal profits. The introduction of advertising, and physician-oriented advertising (detailing) in particular, creates market power and asymmetric pricing and advertising behavior. In an equilibrium, one firm chooses maximum detailing and the rival firm invests less in physician-oriented advertising. The asymmetric detailing strategies explain the observed price differences in the market for prescription drugs. The model also predicts free-riding in DTC advertising. According to the predictions of the model, the free-rider is the firm with a low level of physician-oriented advertising. The firm with maximum detailing invests money in DTC advertising, expanding the market for prescription drugs.
Effects of Electoral Rules, Political Competition and Corruption on the Size and Composition of Government Consumption Spending: An Italian Regional Analysis
Authors: Baraldi A. Laura 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
This paper analyses how proportionality of the electoral system, political competition and corruption affect the total amount of Italian regional public consumption expenditure and alter the public budget structure. The Italian case is particular: from 1993 the country underwent a change in the electoral system (from proportional to majoritarian) and, at the same time, a campaign was waged against the corruption of public bureaucrats. The aim of this work is to study the political determinants of public consumption spending, and more specifically the role played by political institutions (meaning electoral rules), the intensity of political competition in the "votes' market" and the corruption of public bureaucracy. We used panel data for 20 Italian regions from 1980 to 2003 in order to estimate a quantity effect and an allocation effect of the degree of proportionality of the electoral system, political competition and corruption of public bureaucracy on public consumption spending. The quantity effect of the proportionality of the electoral system and of the degree of political competition is positive; the same holds for corruption, meaning that corruption increases the total level of public spending. Analysis of the allocation effect shows that corruption, rather than the electoral system and political competition, alters the public budget structure towards social services and securities and general service sectors instead of education and health, leading to important policy implications.
Giving It Away for Free? The Nature of Job-Market Signaling by Open-Source Software Developers
Authors: Hakim Orman Wafa 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Much work has been done in recent times to answer the question of why people contribute, and continue to contribute to open-source and free software, despite the lack of immediate financial gain in most cases. Lerner and Tirole (2002) hypothesize that open-source contributions act as a form of job-market signaling  they permit prospective employers to judge a person's ability directly. This paper tests the nature of this signaling using a complementarity framework. Do developers use open source software as a way to enhance the signal from a college education, or to substitute for it, in a form of learning by doing? I find evidence that they are complements, while conclusively rejecting the idea that they are substitutes.
Partners in Crime: Collusive Corruption and Search
Authors: Nabin Munirul Haque , Bose Gautam 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
This paper analyzes corruption as a collusive act which requires the participation of two willing partners. An agent intending to engage in a corrupt act must search for a like-minded partner. When many people in the economy are corrupt, such a search is more likely to be fruitful. Thus when an agent engages in a search, he raises the net benefit of searching for other similar agents in the economy, creating an externality. This introduces a non-convexity in the model, which consequently has multiple equilibria. The economy can be in stable equilibrium with a high or low level of corruption.Starting from the high-corruption equilibrium, a sufficient increase in vigilance triggers a negative cascade, leading the economy to a new equilibrium in which no agent finds it profitable to search for corrupt partners. The no-corruption equilibrium continues to be stable if vigilance is then relaxed. This suggests that the correct way to deal with corruption is to launch a ``big push'' with large amounts of resources. Once the level of corruption declines, these resources can be withdrawn.
An Empirical Study of Happiness in Italy
Authors: Scoppa Vincenzo , Ponzo Michela 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
This study analyzes the determinants of individual subjective well-being (happiness) in Italy by estimating microeconometric happiness equations in order to examine the effects of socio-demographic characteristics and economic conditions on subjective evaluations of happiness. Consistent with the findings in other advanced countries we find that income and wealth increase happiness and that unemployment is extremely bad for subjective well-being. In addition, we obtain some novel and interesting results for Italy including the following: income obtained by public transfers has a limited impact on subjective well-being; education increases happiness, even when controlling for income; Southern residents and individuals living in large cities are less happy; and social capital makes people happier. Finally, individuals care about relative income, in the sense that their happiness is negatively influenced by the income of others in their group of reference. Our results show that several non-economic variables are extremely important for subjective well-being.
Stemming the Tide? The Effect of Expanding Medicaid Eligibility On Health Insurance Coverage
Authors: Shore-Sheppard Lara D. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Despite considerable research, there is little consensus about the impact of Medicaid eligibility expansions for low-income children. In this paper, I reexamine the expansions impact on Medicaid take-up and private insurance crowd-out by investigating a number of critiques leveled at the seminal work of Cutler and Gruber (1996) and extending the analysis to include further expansions of Medicaid. I find that accounting for most critiques of Cutler and Gruber does not substantively affect their estimates of sizable take-up and crowd-out. However, controlling for age-specific time trends does substantially reduce the estimated take-up and crowd-out and recovers results close to those found elsewhere in the literature. I also find that later expansions generated much lower rates of take-up and crowding out.
Variable slip coefficient in binary lattice Boltzmann models
Authors: Szalmás Lajos 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
We present a new method in order to obtain variable slip coefficient in binary lattice Boltzmann models to simulate gaseous flows. We present the Boundary layer theory. We study both the single-and multi-fluid BGK-type models as well. The boundary slip and the Knudsen layer are analyzed in detail. Benchmark simulations are carried out in order to compare the analytical derivation with the numerical results. Excellent agreement is found between the two analytical formalism and the numerical simulations.
Generalized Fokker-Planck equation for a class of stochastic dynamical systems driven by additive Gaussian and Poissonian fractional white noises of order α
Authors: Jumarie Guy 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
In a first stage, the paper deals with the derivation and the solution of the equation of the probability density function of a stochastic system driven simultaneously by a fractional Gaussian white noise and a fractional Poissonian white noise both of the same order. The key is the Taylor’s series of fractional order f(x + h) = E
α(hαDx
α)f(x) where E
α() denotes the Mittag-Leffler function, and D
x
α is the so-called modified Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative which removes the effects of the non-zero initial value of the function under consideration. The corresponding fractional linear partial differential equation is solved by using a suitable extension of the Lagrange’s technique involving an auxiliary set of fractional differential equations. As an example, one considers a half-oscillator of fractional order driven by a fractional Poissonian noise.
Gaussian beam diffraction in inhomogeneous and nonlinear media: analytical and numerical solutions by complex geometrical optics
Authors: Berczyński Paweł , Kravtsov Yury , Żeglinski Grzegorz 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
The method of paraxial complex geometrical optics (CGO) is presented, which describes Gaussian beam diffraction in arbitrary smoothly inhomogeneous media, including lens-like waveguides. By way of an example, the known analytical solution for Gaussian beam diffraction in free space is presented. Paraxial CGO reduces the problem of Gaussian beam diffraction in inhomogeneous media to the system of the first order ordinary differential equations, which can be readily solved numerically. As a result, CGO radically simplifies the description of Gaussian beam diffraction in inhomogeneous media as compared to the numerical methods of wave optics. For the paraxial on-axis Gaussian beam propagation in lens-like waveguide, we compare CGO solutions with numerical results for finite differences beam propagation method (FD-BPM). The CGO method is shown to provide 50-times higher rate of calculation then FD-BPM at comparable accuracy. Besides, paraxial eikonal-based complex geometrical optics is generalized for nonlinear Kerr type medium. This paper presents CGO analytical solutions for cylindrically symmetric Gaussian beam in Kerr type nonlinear medium and effective numerical solutions for the self-focusing effect of Gaussian beam with elliptic cross section. Both analytical and numerical solutions are shown to be in a good agreement with previous results, obtained by other methods.
Nonlinear effects in photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Laudyn Urszula , Rutkowska Katarzyna , Rutkowski Robert , Karpierz Mirosław , Woliński Tomasz , Wójcik Jan 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
We have investigated the nonlinear propagation of light in photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals. We analyzed a configuration with a periodic modulation of the refractive index corresponding to a matrix of waveguides. Matrices of coupled waveguides allow observing a variety of new phenomena both for low power light beam propagation and with an existence of nonlinear effects. The opportunity for the creation of solitary waves caused by the interplay between diffraction and nonlinear effects in these kinds of fibers is investigated. At low power the propagating light beam spreads as it couples to more and more waveguides. When the intensity is increased the light modifies the refractive index distribution, inducing a defect in the periodic structure. The creation of such a defect can lead to a situation in which the light becomes self-localized and its diffractive broadening is eliminated. Eventually, in the case of positive Kerr-type nonlinearity, a discrete soliton can be created. In the case of negative nonlinearity the refractive index decreases with the optical power and can lead to bandgap shifting. The incident beam, with a frequency initially within the bandgap, is then turned outside the bandgap resulting in the changing of the propagation effect for the discrete diffraction effect. As a consequence the delocalization of the light can be observed.
Kinetics of the formation and structure of oligoperoxide nanolayers and grafted polymer brushes on glass plate surface
Authors: Kostruba Andriy , Zaichenko Alexander , Mitina Natalya , Rayevska Kateryna , Hertsyk Kateryna 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Functional oligoperoxide surfactants and coordinating oligoperoxide metal complexes were studied as modifiers of glass flat plates to provide the localization of radical forming sites and other functional fragments in adsorbed polymeric layers of a nanoscale thickness. Both the kinetics of the coating formation and properties of the nanolayers witness the dependence of the packing density of oligoperoxide molecules in the coatings on the oligoperoxide natures, concentrations and conditions of the sorption modification. The availability of definite amount of peroxide groups in formed nanolayer provides the possibility of controlled radical graft polymerization initiated from modified surface leading to reliable surface protection, functionality and targeted surface hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties.
Effect of adsorbed Sn on Ge diffusivity on Si(111) surface
Authors: Dolbak Andrey , Olshanetsky Boris 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
The effect of adsorbed Sn as a surfactant on Ge diffusion on a Si(111) surface has been studied by Low Energy Electron Diffraction and Auger Electron Spectroscopy. The experimental dependence of Ge diffusion coefficients on the Si(111) surface versus temperature in the presence of adsorbed Sn atoms has been measured in the range from 300 to 650°C. It has been shown that at a Sn coverage of about 1 monolayer the mobility of Ge atoms increases by several orders of magnitude.
Efficiency of second harmonic generation for partially coherent light in anisotropic crystals
Authors: Domanski Andrzej , Cieslak Rafal , Karpierz Miroslaw , Budaszewski Daniel , Wolinski Tomasz 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
This paper analyzes the second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of light with partial temporal coherence due to depolarization effects in birefringent media. It discusses relations between SHG efficiency fading, light source spectrum, crystal birefringence, and phase matching conditions. The efficiency of SHG pumped by the partially coherent light beam that may depolarize light in nonlinear birefringent crystal is also analyzed. The basic theory of SHG with its modification for partially coherent light with depolarization and some numerical calculations of the SHG process are described.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: An accurate method to directly measure water strider’s stroke force on the water (Aquarius paludum: Heteroptera: Gerridae)
Authors: Perez Goodwyn Pablo , Wang Jintong , Wang Zhouyi , Ji Aihong , Dai Zhendong , Fujisaki Kenji 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
We measured the force of free pulling water striders, using a hair attached to their backs and a 3D strain gauge force sensor. We showed the repeatability and accuracy of this method. The error of the method was estimated by comparing the projected angles of the force vector on each plane derived from the force data, with those angles derived from video recordings, and was estimated as 12.4%. Females on average were stronger (1.32 mN) than males (0.87 mN), however the ratio of force/weight was not significantly different. Compared with other lighter species, A. paludum seems to be stronger, but the force/weight ratio is actually lower as expected. A. paludum applies about 0.30–0.40 mN/cm with its mid-legs, thus avoiding penetrating the surface tension while propelling itself rapidly over the water.
Detection and identification of atypical quetiapine metabolite in urine
Authors: Atanasov Vasil , Kanev Kamen , Mitewa Mariana 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Quetiapine fumarate (Seroquel®) is an atypical antipsychotic dibenzothiazepine derivative. Due to its extensive hepatic metabolism and low level of unchanged excretion (< 1%) the routine toxicological drug-screening analyses of urine often leads to false negative results. In the present study, we report that a newly identified metabolite of quetiapine, N-desalkylquetiapine, can be used as an indicative marker of quetiapine-intake in urine using common GC-MS screening procedure. The structure of the mentioned metabolite was solved from the mass-spectrum obtained and the quetiapine presence was proved by consequent HPLC plasma analysis.
Intrapartal posterior cervicoisthmic uterine rupture
Authors: Petrović Davor , Habek Dubravko , Vuković-Bobić Mirna , Vlahović Ivan 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
A case is presented of complete intrapartal rupture of an intact, nonscarred uterus in the cervicoisthmic region in a quadripara without a history of cesarean section or other uterine operation, with dorsoposterior high longitudinal fetal head position.
Antiproteinuric effects of antihypertensive agents in non-diabetic hypertensive population
Authors: Jovic Zorica , Djordjevic Vidojko , Vasic Karin , Cekic Snezana , Irena Jankovic 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Arterial hypertension and proteinuria are important factors associated with the progression of both diabetic and nondiabetic chronic kidney disease. The objective of the present study was to determine the influence of different antihypertensive drug groups on urinary albumin excretion (UAE) as related to blood pressure in non-diabetic population. Subjects (n=39) with chronic renal disease accompanied by mild to moderate hypertension and varying degrees of proteinuria were divided into 3 groups based on UAE values and placed on nonpharmacological and/or treatment with an antihypertensive drug regimen (consisting of one or more antihypertensive drugs [beta blocker, ACE inhibitor or calcium-channel blocker]) to achieve a target blood pressure ≤ 130/85 mmHg. Periodic UAE measurements were performed. A reduction was observed over time in most patients, however, it reached statistical significance only in the microalbuminuric group (P<0.01). Patients were further stratified into 5 groups depending on assigned therapy: 0, nonpharmacological treatment; 1-drug group 1; 12-drug groups 1 and 2; 13-drug groups 1 and 3; 123-all 3 drug groups (1-ACE inhibitors, 2-beta blockers, 3-calcium channel blockers). A statistically significant change in mean UAE values at the start and end of the study period in patients assigned to drug groups 12, 13, and 123 was achieved (P < 0.05). Also, there was a statistically significant difference in the average reduction of proteinuria under varying antihypertensive drug regimens (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in patients with hypertension, changes in UAE depend on initial UAE values and administered antihypertensive treatment. ACE inhibitors combined with calcium channel blockers resulted in a higher UAE reduction than other drug groups.
Recurrent suprapubic abscess and vaginal fistula after anterior intravaginal slingplasty
Authors: Gungor Funda , Yalcin Onay 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Anterior intravaginal slingplasty is a widely used procedure for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. After the operation, defective wound healing, infection, and fistula formation may follow. We present an unusual complication of anterior IVS that is recurrent suprapubic abscess and vaginal fistula formation in a 72-year-old woman. Fistulography was obtained and revealed a fistula tract extending from the suprapubic incision through the entire length of the mesh. Removal of the mesh and obliteration of the fistula tract was performed. Although the symptoms were relieved, the patient started to have episodes of stress urinary incontinence three weeks after the procedure.
Hypercalcemia: A rare cause of cerebral infarction
Authors: Riyaz Shahzad , Tymms James 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Hypercalcemia is a definite but rare cause of acute pancreatitis. It is often overlooked in the presence of more common etiological factors such as gallstones, alcohol and trauma. Cerebral infarction secondary to hypercalcemia has also been described. We have done a literature review to explore the possible pathological processes causing cerebral infarction in hypercalcemic patients.