bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging Photoreforming Process to Hydrogen Production: A Future Energy
Authors: Shelake Sandip Prabhakar , Sutar Dattatray Namdev , Abraham B. Moses , Banerjee Tanmay , Sainath Annadanam V. Sesha , Pal Ujjwal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the quest of renewable energy technologies, solar photoreforming emerges as one of the affordable yet challenging process for converting biomass into hydrogen, hydrocarbon fuels, and chemicals. This review highlights the state‐of‐the‐art photoreforming, elucidating its underlying mechanisms for the conversion of dissipated polymers into H2 and valuable chemicals. Biomass feedstocks such as carbohydrates, agricultural residues, glycopolymers, food wastes, and waste plastics are evaluated based on their chemical composition, energy content, and sustainability aspects, exploring the selection of appropriate bio‐renewable resources, considering their abundance, availability, and potential for hydrogen production. The impact of diverse process parameters on photoreforming efficiency is explored, encompassing factors like reaction temperature, pH, catalyst loading, reactor design, solvent effect, and light intensity across various sacrificial substrates. The discussion also considers their correlation with hydrogen production rate, selectivity, and energy efficiency. This review buckles on the design and synthesis of functional photocatalysts for biomass‐derived feedstock, highlighting their photocatalytic (PC) properties in biomass reforming processes and related feedstock into valuable chemicals and biofuel. The review also delves into potential pathways for future advancements including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), alongside addressing the challenges and insightful perspectives within this evolving field of future green energy.
Modeling Structural Elements and Functional Responses to Lymphatic‐Delivered Cues in a Murine Lymph Node on a Chip
Authors: Mazzaglia Corrado , Munir Hafsa , Lei Iek Man , Gerigk Magda , Huang Yan Yan Shery , Shields Jacqueline D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLymph nodes (LNs) are organs of the immune system, critical for maintenance of homeostasis and initiation of immune responses, yet there are few models that accurately recapitulate LN functions in vitro. To tackle this issue, an engineered murine LN (eLN) has been developed, replicating key cellular components of the mouse LN; incorporating primary murine lymphocytes, fibroblastic reticular cells, and lymphatic endothelial cells. T and B cell compartments are incorporated within the eLN that mimic LN cortex and paracortex architectures. When challenged, the eLN elicits both robust inflammatory responses and antigen‐specific immune activation, showing that the system can differentiate between non specific and antigen‐specific stimulation and can be monitored in real time. Beyond immune responses, this model also enables interrogation of changes in stromal cells, thus permitting investigations of all LN cellular components in homeostasis and different disease settings, such as cancer. Here, how LN behavior can be influenced by murine melanoma‐derived factors is presented. In conclusion, the eLN model presents a promising platform for in vitro study of LN biology that will enhance understanding of stromal and immune responses in the murine LN, and in doing so will enable development of novel therapeutic strategies to improve LN responses in disease.
Unique Advantages of Dendrimers‐Structured Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles over Traditional Hollow Ones in Delivering Bcl2‐Functional Converting Peptide for Multidrug Resistant Cancer Treatment
Authors: Wu Yuehuang , Ma Fangmei , Yu Lixue , Lin Ruimiao , Lin Sijin , Guo Zhihan , Zhou Min , Li Mingyu , Zhang Yi , Xie Jingjing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInnovative silica nanomaterials have made the significant advancements in curative therapy against cancers with multidrug resistance (MDR). The study on different‐nanostructured mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with discrepant pore sizes affecting biomacromolecules in resisting cancer MDR hasn't been reported yet. In this study, a systematic comparison of 6 nm‐pore sized hollow‐structured MSNs (HMSNs) and 10 nm‐pore sized dendrimers‐structured MSNs (LMSNs) for delivering Bcl‐2‐functional converting peptide (N9) or doxorubicin (DOX) to overcome cancer MDR is comprehensively carried out both in in vitro and in vivo resistant tumor models. The results show that both LMSNs and HMSNs exert no significant difference in delivering DOX to treat drug‐resistant cancers. However, compared with N9@HMSNs, N9@LMSNs display the increased loading efficiency, the improved cell‐penetrative capability, the higher cancer cell apoptosis effect, the enhanced tumor accumulation and retention efficiency, and the final elevated tumor inhibition efficiency. Unexpectedly, naked LMSNs without surface modification especially at high dosage produce relatively more serious toxicity than HMSNs whatever in cells, zebrafish embryo or mice models. Collectively, the data provide the sufficient theoretical evidence that LMSNs might be a better choice for delivering biomacromolecules to treat resistant cancers after appropriate surface functionalization such as with PEGylation to weaken its intrinsic toxicity.
Enabling High‐Temperature Atomic‐Scale Investigations with Combinatorial Processing Platforms Using Improved Thermal SiO2 Diffusion and Reaction Barriers
Authors: Akbarnejad Elaheh , Kostka Aleksander , Li Yujiao , Klein Matthias Karl , Kozhuharov Kamen , Fritz Georg , Kalt Samuel , Ludwig Alfred 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInteractions at high temperatures between thin films and the Si substrate limit materials discovery using combinatorial processing platforms (CPPs). To overcome this, a diffusion and reaction barrier, SiO2, by thermal oxidation of Si tips is developed. The application of this diffusion barrier in CPPs for atomic‐scale investigations of new materials in atom probe tomography is reported. Thermal SiO2 layers (20 and 50 nm thick) are examined as barriers to separate coatings from Si tips. Pt is chosen as it easily forms silicides. CPPs are sequentially annealed in vacuum at 400 °C for 10 h, 600 °C for 2 h, and 800 °C for 2 h. The thermal SiO2 diffusion barrier remains stable and prevents intermixing at least up to 800 °C. Moreover, it provides improved film adhesion as dewetting of Pt on the oxide surface occurred at 800 °C instead of 600 °C without a thermal diffusion barrier. A comprehensive structural and chemical analysis of the Pt film, the thermal SiO2 layer, and their interfaces is performed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and atom probe tomography. As a result, the thermal SiO2 forms a stable barrier, even at the lowest thickness of 20 nm, avoiding the formation of Pt silicides, even at 800 °C.
Inkjet‐Printed Red‐Emitting Flexible LEDs Based on Sustainable Inks of Layered Tin Iodide Perovskite
Authors: Vescio Giovanni , Dirin Dmitry N. , González‐Torres Sergio , Sanchez‐Diaz Jesús , Vidal Rosario , Franco Iván P. , Adhikari Samrat Das , Chirvony Vladimir S. , Martínez‐Pastor Juan P. , Vinocour Pacheco Felipe A. , Przypis Lukasz , Öz Senol , Hernández Sergi , Cirera Albert , Mora‐Seró Iván , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Garrido Blas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInkjet printing has emerged as a promising technique for the fabrication of halide perovskite (HP) thin films, as it enables precise and controlled deposition of the perovskite ink on a variety of substrates. One main advantage of inkjet printing for the fabrication of HP thin films is its ability to produce uniform films with controlled thickness and high coverage, which is critical for achieving high‐performance devices. Additionally, inkjet printing allows for the deposition of patterned thin films, enabling the fabrication of complex device architectures such as light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). In this work, flexible LEDs based on inkjet printed Pb‐free HP thiophene‐ethylammonium tin iodide (TEA2SnI4) are produced that has gained attention as a potential alternative to Pb‐based HPs in optoelectronic devices due to its lower toxicity, environmental impact, and high performance. The role of ink solutions is compared using pure solvents: toxic dimethyl formamide (DMF) and more eco‐friendly dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Red‐emitting devices (λmax = 633 nm) exhibit, in ambient conditions, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 0.5% with a related brightness of 21 cd m−2 at 54 mA cm−2 for DMSO‐based LEDs. The environmental impacts of films prepared with DMSO‐based solvents ensure only 40% of the impact caused by DMF.
Advanced Optical Information Encryption Enabled by Polychromatic and Stimuli‐Responsive Luminescence of Sb‐Doped Double Perovskites
Authors: Zhao Yijun , Yang Xingru , Yang Lun , Xing Fangjian , Liu Cihui , Di Yunsong , Cao Guiyuan , Wei Shibiao , Yang Xifeng , Zhang Xiaowei , Liu Yushen , Gan Zhixing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe smart materials with multi‐color and stimuli‐responsive luminescence are very promising for next generation of optical information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting, but these materials are still scarce. Herein, a multi‐level information encryption strategy is developed based on the polychromatic emission of Sb‐doped double perovskite powders (SDPPs). Cs2NaInCl6:Sb, Cs2KInCl6:Sb, and Cs2AgInCl6:Sb synthesized through coprecipitation methods exhibit broadband emissions with bright blue, cyan, and orange colors, respectively. The information transmitted by specific SDPP is encrypted when different SDPPs are mixed. The confidential information can be decrypted by selecting the corresponding narrowband filter. Then, an encrypted quick response (QR) code with improved security is demonstrated based on this multi‐channel selection strategy. Moreover, the three types of SDPPs exhibit three different water‐triggered luminescence switching behaviors. The confidential information represented by Cs2NaInCl6:Sb can be erased/recovered through a simple water spray/drying. Whereas, the information collected from the green channel is permanently erased by moisture, which fundamentally avoids information leakage. Therefore, different encryption schemes can be designed to meet a variety of encryption requirements. The multicolor and stimuli‐responsive luminescence greatly enrich the flexibility of optical information encryption, which leaps the level of security and confidentiality.
Sign Reversal of Spin‐Transfer Torques
Authors: Kim Dae‐Yun , Ain Qurat ul , Nam Yune‐Seok , Yu Ji‐Sung , Lee Seong‐Hyub , Chang Jun‐Young , Kim Kitae , Shim Woo‐Young , Kim Duck‐Ho , Je Soong‐Geun , Min Byoung‐Chul , Rhim Sonny H. , Choe Sug‐Bong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpin‐transfer torque (STT) and spin‐orbit torque (SOT) form the core of spintronics, allowing for the control of magnetization through electric currents. While the sign of SOT can be manipulated through material and structural engineering, it is conventionally understood that STT lacks a degree of freedom in its sign. However, this study presents the first demonstration of manipulating the STT sign by engineering heavy metals adjacent to magnetic materials in magnetic heterostructures. Spin torques are quantified through magnetic domain‐wall speed measurements, and subsequently, both STT and SOT are systematically extracted from these measurements. The results unequivocally show that the sign of STT can be either positive or negative, depending on the materials adjacent to the magnetic layers. Specifically, Pd/Co/Pd films exhibit positive STT, while Pt/Co/Pt films manifest negative STT. First‐principle calculations further confirm that the sign reversal of STT originates from the sign reversal of spin polarization of conduction electrons.
Assessing Key Issues Contributing to the Degradation of NCM‐622 || Cu Cells: Competition Between Transition Metal Dissolution and “Dead Li” Formation
Authors: Adhitama Egy , Demelash Feleke , Brake Tobias , Arifiadi Anindityo , Vahnstiege Marc , Javed Atif , Winter Martin , Wiemers‐Meyer Simon , Placke Tobias 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCombining LiNixCoyMn1−x−yO2 (NCM) as cathode with bare Cu as anode will potentially lead to next‐generation batteries that are smaller, lighter, and can run for longer periods on a single charge. However, maintaining high performance and a long lifespan of NCM || Cu cells is challenging as it can be affected by various factors from both the cathode and the anode. From the cathode, it is well‐known that transition metal (TM) dissolution accelerates cell degradation. From the anode, one of the main challenges is the formation of high surface area Li deposits which later transform into “inactive Li” or “dead Li”. In this study, a comprehensive assessment regarding these competing factors (i.e., TM deposits and “dead Li”) is discussed. Accelerated TM dissolution is accomplished by introducing TM‐containing additives into the electrolyte. The effects of these competing factors and their degradation mechanism are studied quantitatively and qualitatively through inductively coupled plasma, i.e., optical emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The “dead Li” influence is analyzed quantitatively using gas chromatography. The results demonstrate the obvious deleterious impact of dissolved TM ions on cell performance. At the same time, “dead Li” has also become a notable factor for a sudden capacity drop.
Sex‐specific effects of environmental temperature during gestation on fluctuating asymmetry in deciduous teeth
Authors: Moes Emily , Kuzawa Christopher W. , Edgar Heather J. H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesExternal environmental heat exposure during gestation impacts the physiology of human development in utero, but evidence for these impacts has not yet been explored in dentition. We examined deciduous teeth for fluctuating asymmetry (FA), a measure of developmental instability, together with gestational environmental temperature data drawn from historical weather statistics.Materials and MethodsWe measured dental casts from the longitudinal Burlington Growth Study, representing 172 participants (ages 3–6 years) with health records. FA was calculated from crown dimensions and intercuspal distances that develop during gestation. Multiple regression separated by sex (nfemale = 81) examined the effects of mean temperatures in each trimester, controlling for birth year.ResultsIn females, increased temperatures during the first trimester are significantly associated with an increase in FA (p = 0.03), specifically during the second and third prenatal months (p = 0.03). There is no relationship between temperature and FA for either sex in the second or third trimesters, when enamel is formed.DiscussionDental instability may be sensitive to temperature in the first trimester in females during the scaffolding of crown shape and size in the earliest stages of tooth formation. Sexual dimorphism in growth investment strategies may explain the differences in results between males and females. Using enduring dental characteristics, these results advance our understanding of the effects of temperature on fetal physiology within a discrete period.
Engineering of Halide Methyltransferase BxHMT through Dynamic Cross‐Correlation Network Analysis
Authors: Gao Chun‐Yu , Yang Gui‐Ying , Ding Xu‐Wei , Xu Jian‐He , Cheng Xiaolin , Zheng Gao‐Wei , Chen Qi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHalide methyltransferases (HMTs) provide an effective way to regenerate S‐adenosyl methionine (SAM) from S‐adenosyl homocysteine and reactive electrophiles, such as methyl iodide (MeI) and methyl toluene sulfonate (MeOTs). As compared with MeI, the cost‐effective unnatural substrate MeOTs can be accessed directly from cheap and abundant alcohols, but shows only limited reactivity in SAM production. In this study, we developed a dynamic cross‐correlation network analysis (DCCNA) strategy for quickly identifying hot spots influencing the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme, and applied it to the evolution of HMT from Paraburkholderia xenovorans. Finally, the optimal mutant, M4 (V55T/C125S/L127T/L129P), exhibited remarkable improvement, with a specific activity of 4.08 U/mg towards MeOTs, representing an 82‐fold increase as compared to the wild‐type (WT) enzyme. Notably, M4 also demonstrated a positive impact on the catalytic ability with other methyl donors. The structural mechanism behind the enhanced enzyme activity was uncovered by molecular dynamics simulations. Our work not only contributes a promising biocatalyst for the regeneration of SAM, but also offers a strategy for efficient enzyme engineering.
N‐(Sulfonio)Sulfilimine Reagents: Non‐Oxidizing Sources of Electrophilic Nitrogen Atom for Skeletal Editing
Authors: Heilmann Tobias , Lopez‐Soria Juan M. , Ulbrich Johannes , Kircher Johannes , Li Zhen , Worbs Brigitte , Golz Christopher , Mata Ricardo A. , Alcarazo Manuel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe one‐pot synthesis of λ4‐dibenzothiophen‐5‐imino‐N‐dibenzothiophenium triflate (1) in multigram scale is reported. This compound reacts with Rh2(esp)2 (esp=α,α,α′,α′‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐benzenedipropionic acid) generating a Rh‐coordinated sulfonitrene species, which is able to transfer the electrophilic nitrene moiety to olefins. When indenes are used as substrates, isoquinolines are obtained in good yields. We assumed that after formation of the corresponding N‐sulfonio aziridine, a ring expansion occurs via selective C−C bond cleavage and concomitant elimination of dibenzothiophene. Unexpectedly, a similar protocol transforms 1‐arylcyclobutenes into 1‐cyano‐1‐arylcyclopropanes. Our calculations indicate that aziridination is not favored in this case; instead, sulfilimine‐substituted cyclobutyl carbocations are initially formed, and these evolve to the isolated cyclopropanes via ring contraction. Both procedures are operationally simple, tolerate a range of functional groups, including oxidation‐sensitive alcohols and aldehydes, and enable the convenient preparation of valuable 15N‐labelled products. These results demonstrate the potential of 1 to provide alternative pathways for the selective transfer of N‐atoms in organic molecules.
Isla del Fraile. Reconstructing Coastal Dynamics in Southeastern Spain Through Underwater Archaeological Survey
Authors: Quevedo Alejandro , Aragón Enrique , de Dios Hernández García Juan , Rodríguez Pandozi Javier , Mukai Tomoo , Segura Alicia , Bellviure Joel , Muñoz Yesares Ricardo 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTA new archaeological research project analyses the history of Isla del Fraile (Águilas, Spain), a small island off the coast occupied since at least Roman times. Its isolation means that the sea has always conditioned its connectivity and relationship with land. Despite some underwater studies carried out in previous decades, its underwater surroundings, El Hornillo Bay, continue to be relatively unexplored. In parallel to the excavation work on the island's surface, an underwater survey was carried out in the area, which is known for its archaeological wealth. The objectives of this paper are to study the underwater contexts associated with the archaeological site, to determine whether there were any ports or anchorages and to analyse the phases of greatest activity in the bay between Antiquity and the Modern Age. New data are provided, and earlier finds, either previously unpublished or from private donations, are also reviewed. The findings are discussed and related to their local and interregional contexts. The main purpose is to offer a new contribution to the study of the maritime cultural landscape of the Western Mediterranean through a region underrepresented by research.
Residential load forecasting based on symplectic geometry mode decomposition and GRU neural network with attention mechanism
Authors: Lu Yuting , Wang Gaocai , Huang Xianfei , Wu Man 
Published: April 2024

AbstractShort‐term residential load forecasting plays an increasingly important role in modern smart grids, with its main challenge being the high volatility and uncertainty of load curves. This article proposes a hybrid Symplectic Geometry Mode Decomposition‐Gated Recurrent Unit with Attention Mechanism (SGMD‐GRUAM) model for hourly residential load forecasting. First, SGMD is used to decompose the residential load and obtain a series of stable subsequences. Then, the Pearson correlation coefficient is used to select features related to each subsequence, such as weather factors. Next, a GRUAM prediction model is constructed for each subsequence. Finally, the final load prediction value is obtained by superimposing the previous component sequences and eliminating the noise sequence. The experiment uses the public dataset from UMass for a case study and compares it with benchmark models such as ARIMA and EEDM‐GRUAM. The experimental results show that the proposed SGMD‐GRUAM model has significant advantages in terms of prediction performance.
Agar‐Based Interface for Suppressing Parasitic Reactions toward High‐Performance Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qu Yi‐Fan , Liu Xin , Qian Jia‐Wei , Chen Jingwei , Chen Li‐Feng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith advantages including high capacity, intrinsic safety and low cost, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are ideal electrochemical energy storage devices for large‐scale and portable energy storage. However, the development of AZIBs suffers from tricky challenges, such as the notorious Zn dendrite growth and severe parasitic reactions. Herein, as a low‐cost and nontoxic biomass, agar is adopted to construct an interface layer on Zn foil to mitigate side reactions and induce uniform Zn deposition on Zn anodes. The interaction between Zn2+ and polar functional groups of agar can regulate Zn2+ distribution and promote Zn2+ desolvation, thus simultaneously achieving homogenous Zn deposition and suppressed hydrogen evolution reaction. Meanwhile, SO42− anions are blocked from contacting Zn surface due to electrostatic repulsion, greatly restraining corrosion and passivation. Consequently, Zn||A‐Cu asymmetric cell operates normally for 590 cycles with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.5 %, suggesting good reversibility of Zn plating/stripping. Notably, A‐Zn symmetric cell exhibits a long lifespan of 1100 h at 2 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the A‐Zn||NVO full cell displays a superb capacity retention of 94.8 % after 3600 cycles at 5 A g−1. This work offers a novel interface modification method for constructing stable and dendrite‐free anodes of AZIBs.