bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of egg production, worm burden, worm length and worm fecundity by host responses in sheep infected with Ostertagia circumcincta
Authors: STEAR M. J. , BISHOP S. C. , DOLIGALSKA M. , DUNCAN J. L. , HOLMES P. H. , IRVINE J. , McCRIRIE L. , McKELLAR Q. A. , SINSKI E. , MURRAY MAX 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYFollowing infection with Ostertagia circumcincta there was considerable variation in worm burdens, worm size and number of inhibited larvae even among sheep matched for age, sex, breed, farm of origin and history of parasite exposure. There was also substantial variation among sheep in the concentration of mast cells, globule leucocytes, eosinophils, IgA‐positive plasma cells and parasite‐specific IgA in the abomasal mucosa. With the exception of faecal egg counts over time, the parasitological and immunological traits were all continually distributed among animals and sheep did not fall into discrete high and low‐responder categories. The responses were correlated. Sheep with more mast cells also had more globule leucocytes, more eosinophils, more IgA plasma cells and greater amounts of parasite‐specific IgA in the abomasal mucosa. Female worm length was strongly and positively correlated with the number of eggs in utero. Faecal egg counts were associated with variation in worm number and with variation in the number of eggs in utero. The worm burden was negatively correlated with the number of globule leucocytes in the abomasal mucosa, suggesting that worm numbers are regulated by immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Decreased female worm length was associated with an increased local IgA response to fourth stage larvae. The number of inhibited larvae was positively associated with the size of the local IgA response and positively associated with the size of the worm burden. The results suggest that variation among mature sheep in faecal egg counts is due, at least in part, to variation in local IgA responses which regulate worm fecundity and to variation in local immediate hypersensitivity reactions which regulate worm burdens.
The role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in protective immunity to the murine nematode parasite Trichuris muris
Authors: KOYAMA KOICHI , TAMAUCHI HIDEKAZU , ITO YOICHI 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYThe role ofCD4+ and CD8+ T cells in protective immunity to Trichuris muris was studied in CD4+ or CD8+ or both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell‐depleted BALB/c mice. To assess in vivo depletion of T‐cell subsets, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the Peyer's patches, the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and the spleens of mice treated with T cell‐specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were analysed by FACS. CD4+ T cells were selectively depleted in mice injected with anti‐CD4 MoAb i.p. and injection of anti‐CD8 MoAb resulted in selective depletion ofCD8+ T cells. The expulsion ofl. muris was inhibited in CD4+ T cell‐depleted mice and numerous worms were detected in the large intestine on days 14 and 21 after infection, although no suppression of protective immunity to T. muris was observed in CD8+ T cell‐depleted mice. Moreover, there was no difference in suppression of protective immunity to T. muris between CD4+ T cell‐depleted and both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell‐depleted mice. These results indicate that CD4+ T cells play a central role in protective immunity to T. muris infection.
Inhibition of neutrophil oxidative metabolism by trichinellosis patient sera. Parasite origin or host induction?
Authors: BRUSCHI F. , CARULLI G. , AZZARÀ A. , MINNUCCI S. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYThe presence of sera factors able to inhibit both neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis was observed in all patients studied at two months from infection caused by Trichinella britovi and in most of them after one year. Human neutrophils with eosinophils are able to kill T. spiralis newborn larvae in an ADCC system and their major cytotoxic mechanism is oxidative metabolism products. We evaluated the effect of trichinellosis sera on neutrophil oxidative burst to determine if neutrophils are affected by circulating factors during infection. Cells were incubated with sera from trichinellosis patients. Basal or stimulated Superoxide Anion (SA) production and chemilumines‐cence in response to different stimulation (PMA, f‐MLP, opsonized yeasts) of neutrophils incubated with trichinellosis sera were evaluated and compared with those of cells incubated with control sera. The results show that basal SA production was inhibited by 66% of sera and stimulated by 11%. On the contrary f‐MLP stimulated production was significantly increased by 22% sera, and inhibited by none. Chemiluminescence in response to f‐MLP or PMA was inhibited by 46 and 80% of sera, respectively. These results show that trichinellosis sera can modulate not only SA production but also other steps of the oxidative burst, irrespective of the stimulating agent, so suggesting that different neutrophil activation pathways are affected. Increased IL‐2 levels observed in most of the sera did not correlate with the inhibiting capacity of sera. The hypothesis of a parasite origin of the inhibiting factors is discussed in the light of host‐parasite relationship.,
A survey of the burden of allergic rhinitis in Europe
Authors: Canonica G. W. , Bousquet J. , Mullol J. , Scadding G. K. , Virchow J. C. 
Published: October 2007

Background:  The perceptions of patients and physicians regarding the symptoms and impact of allergic rhinitis (AR) were assessed in a prospective, cross‐sectional, international survey. This paper presents the combined survey results from five European countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the UK).Methods:  Data were recorded by 1482 patients and matched with records from 415 primary care physicians and specialists. Diagnostic tests to confirm AR had been performed on 1279 (86.3%) patients. Both physicians and patients recorded the presence, severity and impact of symptoms at the time of consultation in addition to those symptoms frequently, but not currently, present. Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using the Mini Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire.Results:  A large proportion of patients had moderate–severe disease (67.2%; n = 996), persistent disease (42.5%; n = 630) and comorbidities such as asthma (31.5%; n = 467). Overall, patients rated their disease as more severe than did physicians (P < 0.001). At the time of the consultation, one‐third of all patients reported that their current nasal and ocular symptoms were moderate or severe in nature. According to the physicians’ assessment, good control of nasal and ocular symptoms was achieved in 45.4% (n = 673) and 51.3% (n = 760) of patients, respectively, and poor symptom control in 18.0% (n = 267) and 12.1% (n = 179). Overall, 43.3% (n = 641) of those surveyed were using two or more medicines for their AR. Health‐related quality of life was correlated with disease severity and with the number of days without symptoms in the previous 4 weeks. Allergic rhinitis had a significantly greater impact in patients with more persistent disease than in those with intermittent disease (2.3 ± 1.3 vs 1.9 ± 1.2; P < 0.001). Nonetheless, 81.8% (n = 601) of patients with intermittent disease reported some impairment of their daily life as a result of their AR.Conclusions:  Allergic rhinitis remains a significant health problem because of the high burden of symptoms and its impact on general well being and HRQoL among patients consulting for this condition. Overall, there was a poor correlation between patients and physicians in the reporting of disease severity.
A case of onychomycosis due to Aspergillus sydowii diagnosed using DNA sequence analysis
Authors: Takahata Yumiko , Hiruma Masataro , Sugita Takashi , Muto Masahiko 
Published: October 2007

SummaryWe report a case of disto‐lateral subungal onychomycosis of the first toe of the right foot of a 33‐year‐old female. The causative agent was identified as Aspergillus sydowii based on DNA sequencing and the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the culture. Initially, the medial one‐third of the right first toenail was streaked with numerous yellow longitudinal stripes that had fused, with no symptoms of tinea pedis. Treatment with oral terbinafine and itraconazole was ineffective. Based on this case and on three other cases in the literature, the clinical characteristics of onychomycosis caused by A. sydowii can be summarized as follows: (i) no clinical history of symptoms of tinea pedis; (ii) lack of clinical response to oral antifungal agents; (iii) streaked and turbid appearance of the diseased nail and (iv) presence of dichotomous irregular hyphae, as detected by direct microscopic examination.
Zum Polymorphismus der ß‐Laktoglobuline in deutschen Rinderrassen
Authors: Meyer Von H. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt:In acht deutschen Rinderrassen mit insgesamt 3931 Tieren wurde die Frequenz für die β‐Laktoglobulingene (LgA und LgB) bestimmt. In den untersuchten Rassen ergab sich folgendes Bild:Bei fünf Kühen (4 Braunvieh, 1 Höhenfleckvieh) wurde auch eine vierte Fraktion des β‐Laktoglobulins (D) beobachtet.Die praktischen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der β‐Laktoglobuline in der Tierzucht werden diskutiert.Contents:In eight different kinds of German cattle a total of 3931 animals were tested for the β‐lactoglobulingene (LgA and LgB) frequency. In the different kinds of cattle the following picture was seen:In 5 cows (4 brown, 1 highland) a fourth fraction of β‐lactoglobulin (D) was also observed.The practical possibilities of using β‐lactoglobulin in animal breeding are discussed.
Zeitliche Beziehungen zwischen Brunstsymptomen, elektrischen Widerstandsveranderungen des Vaginalschleims, präovulatorischer Ausschüttung des Luteinisierungshormons and Ovulation beim Rind
Authors: Schams D. , Butz H. D. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt An elf Tieren der Braunviehrasse (neun Kalbinnen and zwei Kühen) wurden gleichzeitig folgende Parameter um die Zeit des Östrus gemessen: die elektrische Leitf ahigkeit des Vaginalschleims mit Hilfe eines Ohmmeters (Widerstandsmessung), der Anstieg des für die Ovulation verantwortlichen Luteinisierungshormons (LH) im Blut mittels einer radioimmunologischen Methode, die Brunstdauer and der Zeitpunkt der Ovulation lurch rektale Palpation der Ovarien.Mit Ausnahme der Widerstandsmessung wurden diese Resultate noch ergänzt durch frühere Befunde an sieben Kühen and einer Kalbin. Die zeitlichen Korrelationen zwischen den Hormonwerten, Östrus und Ovulation rind in nachfolgender Tabelle zusammengefaβt worden: Die elektrische Widerstandsmessung des Vaginalschleims ergab im Mittel während des Diöstrus 48 ± 2, 6 Ohm. Vor Auftreten der äuβeren Brunstsymptome sanken die Meβwerte auf 41 ± 2, 6 Ohm. Während der Hochbrunst (deutliche äuβere Brunstsymptome) fielen die Meβwerte auf 30 ± 0, 9 Ohm ab. Die Zeitspanne der tiefsten Meflwerte betrug im Durchschnitt acht Stunden (mit Schwankungen zwischen vier bis 18 Stunden). Die LH‐Gipfelwerte korrelierten stets mit den niedrigsten Vaginalschleimwerten. Nach Ende der Hochbrunst stieg der Widerstand auf 43 ± 3, 1 Ohm an (ca. 15 Stunden vor der Ovulation), um zum Zeitpunkt der Ovulation 46 ± 2, 7 Ohm zu erreichen.Contents The following parameters were measured in 11 animals of the Brown Swiss breed (9 heifers and 2 cows) simultaneously around oestrus; the electrical conductivity of the vaginal mucus with the help of an ohmmeter (electrical resistance); the increase of luteinizing hormone (LH) in blood by means of a radio‐immunological method; the duration of oestrus, and the time of ovulation by rectal palpation of the ovaries.Except for the measurement of the electrical resistance these results were completed by earlier data obtained on 7 cows and one heifer. The chronological correlation between hormone values, oestrus and ovulation can be seen in the following table. The measurement of the electrical resistance of the vaginal mucus gave a mean of 48,0 ± 2,6 Ohm during dioestrus. Before the appearance of oestrus symptoms the values decreased to 41 ± 2,6 Ohm. During oestrus (obvious external oestrus symptoms) the values went down to 30 ± 0,9 Ohm. The measured values remained at the nadir for 4 to 19 hours (average value 8 hours). The LH‐peaks always corresponded with the lowest resistance for values of the vaginal mucus. At the end of oestrus, the resistance increased to 43 ± 3,1 Ohm (about 15 hours before ovulation) and reached 46 ± 2,7 Ohm during ovulation.
Zur Problematik der Klimaempfindlichkeit bei Haustieren* (IX): Auswirkungen experimenteller Wärmebelastungen auf Bullen
Authors: Stephan E. , Dycka J. , Lorrmann W. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt Die Zusammenfassung dreier vorangegangener Mitteilungen (Stephan, Lorrmann und Dycka 1971; Lorrmann, Dycka und Stephan 1971; Stephan und Dycka 1972), in denen die Veränderungen von Ejakulatqualitäten und “in‐vivo” Merkmalen unter Wärmebelastungen beschrieben wurden, erfolgt durch die Gegenüberstellung dieser Wertgruppen in Korrelations‐ und Regressionsanalysen. Dabei ergeben sich insbesondere bei den Beziehungen zwischen Wasseraufnahme und Sauerstoffsättigung des Blutes in der unbelasteten Kontrollzeit einerseits und den Ejakulatwerten Vorwärtsbewegung, Dichte und Anteil morphologisch veränderter Spermien in der höheren Wärmebelastung andererseits signifikante Korrelationen. Ebenso finden sich zwischen der Sauerstoffsättigung des Blutes in der stärkeren Belastung und der Ejakulatdichte während und nach dieser Belastung höhere positive Korrelationskoeffizienten.Das vorliegende Material ist an nur 6 Bullen erarbeitet worden, so daβ eine (Überprüfung an gröβeren Tiergruppen notwendig erscheint.Contents The summing up of three previous communications (Stephan, Lorrmannand Dycka1971; Lorrmann, Dyckaand Stephan1971; Stephanand Dycka1972), in which the alterations of ejaculate qualities und “in‐vivo” values under thermal loadings are described, is accomplished by the comparison of these groups of values in correlation und regression analyses. Thereby significant correlations resulted in particular from relations between the water consumption und the oxygen saturation of the blood during the nonloaded control time on the one hand und the ejaculate qualities of forward movement, density und percentage of morphologically alterated spermatozoa during the stronger thermal loading period on the other hand. In the same way higher positive correlation coefficients were found between the oxygen saturation of the blood during the stronger loading period und the ejaculate density during und after this loadingThese results have been achieved with only 6 bulls, so that a scrutiny in larger groups of animals seems to be necessary.
Effect of polyvinylalcohol on in‐vitro‐culture of divided mouse zygotes
Authors: Agrawala Von P. , Hahn J. 
Published: October 2007

Contents Mouse 4‐cell stage zygotes, denuded and halved, were cultured in Whitten's medium to observe the effect of addition of PVA (polyuinylalcohol) and removal of the zona pellucida on their in‐vitro‐development to the blastocyst stage. Removal of the zona pellucida resulted in reduction in the number of cells from 47.0 to 38.1 (p lt; 0.001) in medium without PVA and from 51.1 to 43.9 (p lt; 0,001) cells in medium with this supplement, Addition of PVA to the culture medium resulted in increased cleavage rate of zygotes and thus the cell number of control, denuded and halved zygotes increased from 47.0 to 51.1 (p lt; 0.05), 38.1 to 43.9 (p lt; 0.001) and 17.7 to 20.2 (p lt; 0.05) respectively. Though the mode of action remains unknown, it is clear from this study that the addition of PVA has a positive influence on the cleavage rate during in‐vitro‐culture of mouse zygotes.Inhalt: Einfluß von Polyvinylalkohol auf die in vitro‐Kultur von geteilten Mäusezygoten In einem in‐vitro‐Kultivierungsversuch wurde erstens der Einfluβ der Entfernung der Zona peltucida und zweitens der Einfluβ von PVA als Mediumzusatz auf die Zellteilungsrate von ganzen, zonafreicn und geteilten Mäusezygoten untersucht. Die Entfernung der Zona pellucida führte in Medium ohne PVA zu einer signfikanten Verminderung der Zellzahl von 47.0 bei den Kontrollen auf 38.1 bei den zonafreien Zygoten (p lt; 0.001); in Medium mit PVA lagen die entsprechenden Werte bei 51.1 bzw. 43.9 (p lt; 0.001). Durch Zusatz von PVA zum Kulturmedium kam es bei allen Zygoten zu einer Erhöhung der Zellteilungsrate. Die Zellzahlen stiegen bei den Kontrollen von 47.0 in Medium ohne PVA auf 51.1 in Medium mit PVA; bei den zonafreien Zygoten von 38.1 auf 43.9 und bei den geteilten Zygoten von 17.7 auf 20.2. Obwohl der genaue Wirkungsmechanismus des PVA nicht bekannt ist, zeigen die Ergebnisse deutlich den positiven Einfluβ des PVA auf die Zellteilungsrate von in‐vitro‐kultivierten Mäusezygoten.
Trächtigkeitsdiagnose in einer Schafherde anhand dreimaliger Progesteron‐bestimmung im Blutplasma
Authors: Döbeli Von M. , Schwander B. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt Bei 127 Schafen der Rasse “Weiβes Alpenschaf” wurden zur Trächtigkeitsdiagnose die Progesteronkonzentrationen im Blutplasma ohne Kenntnis der individuellen Belegungsdaten bestimmt. Dreimalige Blutentnahmen erfolgten im Abstand von je 6 Tagen und erstmals 9 Tage nach Entfernen der Widder aus der Herde. Anhand derniedrigsten Konzentration innerhalb der 3 am gleichen Tier erhobenen Werte wurde eine Trächtigkeit vorausgesagt oder ausgeschlossen. Die Zuverlässigkeit der positiven Befundinterpretationen lag bei 98.8% und erreichte bei den negativ beurteilten Ergebnissen 100%. Die Progesteronwerte der erstlammenden Tiere beeinfluβten die Aussagekraft der Trächtigkeitsdiagnose nicht. Die Unterschiede in der Progesteronkonzentration einiger Trächtigkeitsstadien zwischen dem 60. und 100. Tag der Trachtigkeit sind nicht signifikant. Die Progesteronwerte von Schafen mit Einlings‐ oder Mehrlingsträchtigkeiten unterscheiden sich signifikant. Die Differenzen der Progesteronkonzentration zwischen weiblichen Einlingsträchtigkeiten und Zwillingstrlächtigkeiten mit mindestens 1 weiblichen Komponente lassen Interaktionen zwischen männlichen Feten und maternaler Progesteronkonzentration annehmen.Contents: Pregnancy diagnosis in sheep by three times repeated progesterone assay in blood plasma A method based on progesterone concentration measured in peripheral blood plasma for pregnancy diagnosis in sheep without knowledge of the individual mating data is described. In 127 ewes (Weiβes Alpenschaf), 3 blood samples were collected at intervals of 6 days exactly, the first time 9 days after removal of the rams from the flock. The smallest value of the 3 concentrations measured within the same animal was used to consider the ewe as pregnant or non‐pregnant. The reliability revealed to be 98.8% in the positive and 100% in the negative interpretations, and it was not influenced by sheep lambing the first time. The differences in progesterone concentrations of some pregnancy periods between day 60 and 100 were not significant. However, progesterone levels differed significantly between ewes with single or twin pregnancies. The difference in progesterone content between female single and twin pregnancies with at least 1 female component suggests interactions between male fetusses and maternal progesterone concentration.
Zytogenetische und biochemische Untersuchungen bei der Erzeugung von Injektionschimären beim Rind
Authors: Stranzinger G. , Dolf G. , Märki U. , Hunziker R. , Stämpfli G. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt: Die Injektion von chromosomal markierten Blastozystenzellen in eine normale Rinderblastozyste und die anschließende übertragung auf eine Empfängerkuh führte zur Geburt eines weiblichen Kalbes. Sowohl die 4 möglichen Eltern, als auch das Empfängertier und das erzielte Kalb wurden mit zytogenetischen und biochemischen Methoden untersucht. Im Versuchstier konnte weder durch die zytogenetische Unter‐suchung an Leukozyten, Muskel‐ und Hautrellen, noch durch Blutgruppenuntersu‐chungen, ein Chimärismus festgestellt werden. Die Organisation ekes derartigen Ver‐suches mit Großtieren wird diskutiert.
Einfluß wiederholter Hodenbiopsien auf die postnatale Entwicklung des Rinderhodens
Authors: Fischerleitner Von F. , Sinowatz F. , Möstl E. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird über die Veränderungen am Rinderhoden während der postnatalen Entwicklung nach wiederholter Biopsie berichtet. Bei Jungtieren wurden im Abstand von 3 Monaten mehrmals Hohlnadelpunktionsbiopsien vorgenommen und gleichzeitig die Gewichtszunahme, die Hodengröβe, die Testosteron‐ und Epitestosteronkonzentration im Blut sowie die üblichen Samenparameter ermittelt. Die Hodenentwicklung und Körpergewichtszunahme der Versuchstiere war im Vergleich zu den Kontrolltieren nicht signifikant unterschiedlich. Spermatologisch lagen jedoch gravierende Unterschiede vor. Die histoiogischen und ultrastrukturellen Untersuchungen zu Versuchsende zeigten, daβ eine groβe Zahl von Tubuli schwere morphologische Veränderungen aufwies. Das Keimepithel war auf Sertolizellen und vereinzelte Spermatogonien reduziert. Bei jenen Tubuli, bei denen noch eine Spermatogenese ablief, entsprachen die Spermatogonien weitgehend dem normalen Bild, während bei den Spermatozyten erster Ordnung und den Spermatiden feinstrukturelle Abweichungen häufig festgestellt werden konnten. Das Hodeninterstitium wurde durch die wiederholten Biopsien offensichtlich nur wenig beeinfluβt. Die Ausbildung und die Zahl der Leydigzellen entsprachen jenen der Kontrolltiere. Die Testosteron‐ und Epitestosteronkonzentration im Blut der untersuchten Stiere glich den in der Literatur beschriebenen Werten.Contents: The Influence of repeated Biopsies of Cattle Testicles on their postnatal Development This is a report on the pathological changes of cattle testicles during postnatal development after repeated biopsies. In intervals of 3 months repeated cannula puncture biopsies were made with 3 young bulls and at the same time weight increase, size of testicles, the concentration of testosterone and epitestosterone in the blood as well as the usual parameters of semen were examzned. The development of the testicles and increase of body weight of testing animals were not significantly different compared with the control animals. There were, however, dastic spermatological differences. The histological and ultrastructural examinations at the end of the tests showed that with a great number of tubuli significant morphological changes could be identified. The germinal epithelium was reduced to Sertoli cells and isolated spermatogonia. With those tubuli which underwent a spermatogenesis, the spermatogonia largely corresponded to the normal picture, while with the spermatocytes of the first oder and the spermatids there repeatedly showed subtile structural differences. Obviously the testicle interstice was influenced only very little. Formation and number of the Leydig cells corresponded to those of the control animals. The concentration rates of testosterone and epitestosterone in the blood of the tested bulls were analogous to those in bibliography.