bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement and Modeling of Refractive Indices for Multicomponent Chromium Compound Solutions
Authors: Wang F. A. , Wang J. Y. , Zhang P. , Li C. W. , Ren B. Z. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe aim of this work is to solve the key problems of the green production process for chromium trioxide and to study the thermodynamic properties of corresponding solutions. The refractive indices of quaternary mixtures (chromium trioxide + potassium chromate + potassium dichromate + water) have been measured from 298.15–333.15 K. A molecular thermodynamic model of refractive indices for aqueous solutions of chromium compounds is proposed, based on the author's molecular model for solution structure and an equation for the excess enthalpy of a binary solution obtained from the experimental measurements. The model parameters are confirmed and quantitative equations for the variation of the model parameters with temperature and the molality of potassium dichromate in the mixed solvent are established. The data predicted by the model are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Kinetic and Statistical Studies of Adsorptive Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel on Commercial Activated Carbons
Authors: Muzic M. , Sertic‐Bionda K. , Gomzi Z. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDiesel fuel desulfurization by different commercial activated carbons was studied in a batch adsorber. Experiments, carried out to determine the sulfur adsorption dependency on time, were used to perform kinetic characterization and to screen the best performing activated carbon. The equilibrium characterization of the adsorption process was also performed. The statistical study of the process was undertaken by way of a two‐level one‐half fractional factorial experimental design with five process parameters. Individual parameters and their interaction effects on sulfur adsorption were determined and a statistical model of the process was developed. Chemviron Carbon SOLCARB<?up><?tvs=‐0.7h>TM<?down> C3 was found to be the most efficient adsorbent. The kinetic pseudo‐second order model and Freundlich isotherm are shown to exhibit the best fits of experimental data. The lowest achieved sulfur concentration in treated diesel fuel was 9.1 mg kg–1.
Removal of Elemental Mercury by Sodium Chlorite Solution
Authors: Zhao Y. , Liu S.‐T. , Chen C.‐M. , Ma X.‐Y. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe important step for increasing gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) removal in wet scrubber systems is altering the chemical form of the Hg0 to a water‐soluble oxidized species. This work focuses on the removal of elemental mercury from simulated flue gas by aqueous sodium chlorite in a bubble reactor. The effects of initial oxidizing solution concentration, reaction temperature, pH and mercury concentration in the inlet of the reactor on mercury oxidative absorption in sodium chlorite were investigated. The results indicate that higher concentrations of sodium chlorite favor Hg0 removal, with a greater efficiency observed in acidic than in alkaline solution. High temperature inhibits Hg0 absorption in aqueous sorbent when the reaction temperature is lower than ca. 40 °C, and the removal efficiency increases when the temperature is higher than that value. In conclusion, the major influencing factors on the levels of Hg0 removal are pH and chlorite concentration in solution.
Optimization of Crotonaldehyde Oxidation Catalyst using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Tang J.‐H. , Qiao X. , Cui M.‐F. , Ying Y. , Chen X.‐A. , Wen C.‐K. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCrotonic acid was produced by oxidation of crotonaldehyde over molybdophosphoric acid supported on activated carbon. The full 23central composite design was performed and aimed at optimizing oxidation catalysts to maximize the yield of crotonic acid. Response surface methodology was applied to obtain a second‐order polynomial model and to generate the optimum conditions, with a loading of molybdophosphoric acid of 0.25, mass ratio of catalyst to crotonaldehyde of 0.025 and mass ratio of vanadium pentoxide to molybdophosphoric acid of 0.08. The crotonic acid yield was 66.7 % under these conditions. Three experiments were conducted using the same optimum conditions, and therefore, good agreement was observed between the experimental data and the predicted values obtained from the model, by comparison
Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactor Design with Non‐Uniform Catalyst Considering Shell‐Progressive Poisoning Behavior
Authors: Hwang S. , Smith R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA novel methodology has been developed to design an optimum heterogeneous catalytic reactor, by considering non‐uniform catalyst pellet under shell‐progressive catalyst deactivation. Various types of non‐uniform catalyst pellets are modelled in combination with reactor design. For example, typical non‐uniform catalyst pellets such as egg‐yolk, egg‐shell and middle‐peak distribution are developed as well as step‐type distribution. A progressive poisoning behavior is included to the model to produce correct effectiveness factor from non‐uniform catalyst pellet. As opposed to numerical experiment with limited type of kinetic application to the model in the past, this paper shows a new methodology to include any types of kinetic reactions for the modeling of the reactor with non‐uniform catalyst pellet and shell‐progressive poisoning. For an optimum reactor design, reactor and catalyst variables are considered at the same time. For example, active layer thickness and location inside pellet are optimised together with reactor temperature for the maximisation of the reactor performance. Furthermore, the temperature control strategy over the reactor operation period is added to the optimization, which extends the model to three dimensions. A computational burden has been a major concern for the optimization, and innovative methodology is adopted. Application of profile based synthesis with the combination of SA (Simulated Annealing) and SQP (Successive Quadratic Programming) allows more efficient computation not only at steady state but also in dynamic status over the catalyst lifetime. A Benzene hydrogenation reaction in an industry scale fixed‐bed reactor is used as a case study for illustration.
Separation of Shikimic Acid from Pine Needles
Authors: Sui R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractShikimic acid is used as a precursor for the synthesis of oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu®), which is used as an anti‐viral for the H5N1 strain. As concern for this virus increases, demand for medicinal products capable of treating it increases, while shikimic acid resources remain limited. In this study, for the first time shikimic acid is extracted from pine needles using water at relatively low temperature. After the subsequent evaporation, column adsorption/desorption and crystallization processes, shikimic acid crystals with a purity of over 98 % are obtained. A total recovery of approximately 85 % is reached, with the highlights of the method being simplicity, low cost and industrial practicality.
Optical and dielectric studies on succinic acid single crystals
Authors: Krishnan S. , Raj C. Justin , Priya S. M. Navis , Robert R. , Dinakaran S. , Das S. Jerome 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSingle crystals of ferroelectric succinic acid (SA) with very high degree of transparency were grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that the crystal belongs to monoclinic system with the space group P21/c. Some physical parameters have been determined for grown crystal. The optical absorption study reveals the transparency of the crystal in the entire visible region and the cut off wave length was found to be 240 nm. The optical band gap is found to be 3.75 eV. The dependence of extinction coefficient (k) and refractive index (n) on the wavelength have also been reported. The presence of functional groups was determined qualitatively by using Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) from which force constant has been calculated. The dielectric constant was also studied as a function of frequency at room temperature and electrical conductivity has been calculated from the Cole‐Cole plot. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
In‐situ TiC precipitation in molten Fe‐C and their characterisation
Authors: Parashivamurthy K. I. , Sampathkumaran P. , Seetharamu S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTiC particles were formed in liquid iron solution by the reaction between pure titanium and carbon available in molten iron. TiC particles have been precipitated in steels with four different carbon contents by in situ reactions during melting. The influence of titanium and carbon concentration on the precipitation of TiC was studied. The samples were studied by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray microanalysis. The morphology of the obtained crystals was studied and correlated with carbon and titanium. It was found that TiC crystallises as primary crystals at 1600°C during solidification of the Fe‐Ti‐C melt. The obtained crystals were of cubic, rectangle and had maximum size of 18.7 µm. The size and shape of the carbides increases with increasing carbon and titanium in molten iron. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Maltose and Maltotriose Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors of the Maltose‐Binding Protein
Authors: Malik Heinz , Boos Winfried , Schmidt Richard R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractInhibition of substrate binding to maltose‐binding protein (MBP) was investigated with structurally modified maltose and maltotriose derivatives that were designed based on the X‐ray analysis of maltose and maltotriose bound to MBP. In maltose, positions 1a, 2a, 2b, 4b and 6b were modified (compounds 1–3, 18a, b, 28a–c, 39 and 44) of which only the trivalent maltose derivatives 39 and 44 exhibited high affinity to MBP. Maltotriose modifications were carried out at position 6a and 6c (compounds 45–51). Compound 50, possessing a 6a‐O‐propyl group, and compound 51, where the 6c‐hydroxy group is replaced by bromide, showed higher affinity to MBP than the parent maltotriose. Hence, the structurally quite different compounds 39, 50 and 51 are important lead compounds for further studies. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Guest editors' introduction growth and globalization: Evolution of human resource management practices in Asia
Authors: Yeung Arthur , Warner Malcolm , Rowley Chris 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this introductory note, we offer an overview of how human resource management in Asian countries and corporations is evolving in the face of rapid business growth and integration into the global economy and we describe how the articles in this Special Issue contribute to new knowledge and insights regarding key issues, challenges, and evolution in the field of HRM in Asia. Driven by the combined forces of rapid gross domestic product growth in many Asian economies and their further integration into the global business arena, firms in Asia are in constant flux, no matter whether they are developed economies like Japan, Korea, andTaiwan; developing economies like Malaysia andThailand; or transitional economies like China and Vietnam. How will HRM systems in these countries evolve and transform under the combined forces of growth and globalization? We argue that HRM systems in these Asian firms most likely will evolve toward “bounded convergence.” The demands and expectations of the HR function to take on strategic roles (versus administrative roles) and address critical HR issues like attracting and retaining key talent, building talent pipelines, and creating high‐performing cultures are greater than ever. We conclude with a high‐level summary of the key contribution of the eight articles covered in this Special Issue. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MMP‐14 mediated MMP‐9 expression is involved in TGF‐beta1‐induced keratinocyte migration
Authors: Seomun Young , Kim Jong‐Tak , Joo Choun‐Ki 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe importance of expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in keratinocyte migration is well established, but its role remains unclear. Here we investigated the function of MMP‐14 in TGF‐β1‐induced keratinocyte migration. TGF‐β1 stimulated cell migration and the expression of MMP‐2, ‐9 in HaCaT human keratinocyte cells. When we lowered MMP‐14 mRNA with siRNA, cell migration, and MMP‐9 expression decreased. Furthermore, the MMP‐14 siRNA also reduced activation of JNK in response to TGF‐β1, and a JNK‐specific inhibitor decreased both cell migration and MMP‐9 expression. Taken together, these results suggest that TGF‐β1‐induced HaCaT cell migration is mediated by MMP‐14, which regulates MMP‐9 expression via JNK signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 934–941, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local approach to coupled cluster evaluation of polarizabilities for long conjugated molecules
Authors: Li Qingxu , Yi Yuanping , Shuai Zhigang 
Published: February 2008

AbstractElectron correlation effect in conjugated polymer is a long‐standing problem, especially for the nonlinear optical properties. We have implemented a spin‐adapted Coupled Cluster with singles and doubles excitation with local molecular orbital approach. As a first application, we evaluate the static polarizability of conjugated polyene chains with finite field approach. It is found that the local molecular orbital approach can tremendously reduce the computational costs at sufficiently high accuracy. It is also found that the electron correlation can largely reduce the molecular polarizability with respect to the Hartree‐Fock mean field results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Regional apparent metabolite concentrations in young adult brain measured by 1H MR spectroscopy at 3 Tesla
Authors: Baker Eva H. , Basso Gianpaolo , Barker Peter B. , Smith Mari A. , Bonekamp David , Horská Alena 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPurposeTo quantify and examine the distribution of brain metabolites in normal young adults using single voxel MR spectroscopy at 3 Tesla (T).Materials and MethodsShort‐echo time single‐voxel PRESS technique was used to measure the apparent concentration of five metabolites at nine locations in the brains of young adults. Concentrations were estimated by means of an automated fitting method (LCModel) with reference to an unsuppressed water signal and were corrected for T1 relaxation, T2 relaxation, and cerebrospinal fluid partial volume. Analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc test was used to evaluate regional variations.ResultsStatistically significant differences in regional concentrations were detected for each of the metabolites. The number of significant differences was greatest for total choline, whereas myo‐inositol and the sum of glutamine and glutamate had the fewest. Magnitude of variation was greatest for total choline and least for the sum of N‐acetyl aspartate and N‐acetylaspartylglutamate.ConclusionIn agreement with previous studies at other field strengths, we found heterogeneous distribution of the major spectroscopically measurable brain metabolites. Although the most distinct differences are between tissue types, there is appreciable variation within a tissue type at different locations. The spectra and metabolite concentrations presented should provide a useful reference for both clinical and research MR spectroscopy studies performed at 3T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;27:489–499. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of the uterine artery before uterine arterial embolization: Comparison of unenhanced 3D water‐excitation sensitivity‐encoding time‐of‐flight (WEST) and gadolinium‐enhanced 3D sensitivity‐encoding water‐excitation multishot echo‐planar (SWEEP) MR angiography
Authors: Mori Kensaku , Shiigai Masanari , Ueda Takuya , Kita Naoki , Tanaka Nami , Minami Manabu 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPurposeTo compare unenhanced 3D water‐excitation sensitivity‐encoding time‐of‐flight (WEST) and gadolinium‐enhanced 3D sensitivity‐encoding water‐excitation multishot echo‐planar (SWEEP) MR angiography (MRA) with regard to conspicuity of uterine arteries in correlation with digital subtraction angiography (DSA).Materials and MethodsEleven consecutive patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids underwent 2 types of MRA before uterine arterial embolization (UAE). From these MRA an interventional radiologist predicted the optimal degrees for oblique DSA projections to reveal uterine arterial origins. Qualitatively, three independent observers reviewed two types of MRA assessing the conspicuity of uterine arterial origins and descending portions using a 3‐point scale. Quantitatively, the visualized uterine arteries were measured from their orifice to the end of their descending portions.ResultsAt UAE, knowing the optimal degrees from MRA, the uterine arterial origins were clearly visualized on all first oblique DSA projections. Mean conspicuity levels of the uterine arterial origins and descending portions were significantly higher and mean length of the visualized uterine arteries was significantly longer for unenhanced WEST MRA than for gadolinium‐enhanced SWEEP MRA.ConclusionUnenhanced 3D‐WEST MRA was superior to gadolinium‐enhanced 3D‐SWEEP MRA in demonstrating uterine arteries. The optimal degrees for DSA projections to reveal uterine arterial origins could be accurately predicted using this noninvasive technique. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;27:557–562. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity of spinach genotypes determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Cho Mi Jin , Howard Luke R , Prior Ronald L , Morelock Teddy 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Flavonoids in different spinach genotypes were separated, identified, and quantified by a high‐performance liquid chromatographic method with photodiode array and mass spectrometric detection. The antioxidant capacities of the genotypes were also measured using two antioxidant assays–oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORACFL) and photochemiluminescence (PCL)–which measure the response to the peroxyl and superoxide anion radicals, respectively.RESULTS:Eighteen flavonoids representing glucuronides and acylated di‐ and triglycosides of methylated and methylene dioxide derivatives of 6‐oxygenated flavonols were identified (patuletin, spinacetin, spinatoside, jaceidin). The total flavonoids ranged from 1805 to 3703 mg kg−1, indicating 2.0‐fold variation among genotypes. The ORACFLand PCL values ranged from 48.7 to 84.4 mmol kg−1and from 9.0 to 14.0 mmol kg−1, respectively, representing as much as 1.7‐fold variation among genotypes.CONCLUSION:The ORACFLand PCL values were highly correlated with total flavonoid content (rxy= 0.96). Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Generational differences in soft knowledge situations: status, need for recognition, workplace commitment and idealism
Authors: Busch Peter , Venkitachalam Krishna , Richards Debbie 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMuch knowledge management (KM) literature is focused on the improvements that can be made to organisations if they use their knowledge resource effectively. A great deal of knowledge rests in the heads of employees. Little to date has discussed the differences in soft knowledge utilisation amongst different generations of employees particularly in the IT sector. By generations we refer to the Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y. Our study establishes that there were a number of differences between how the three Generations would deal with certain IT soft knowledge situations. These differences were along the following lines; issues of status in the workplace; need for recognition, typically by younger employees; issues of commitment to the workplace and finally idealism in the place of work. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A discussion and test of a communication flow optimization approach for business process redesign
Authors: Kock Ned , Danesh Azim , Komiak Paul 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA vital component of any business process redesign (BPR) project is the depiction and understanding of an organization's processes that are being targeted for redesign. The literature on BPR suggests that the vast majority of past BPR projects have placed emphasis on the use of business process representations depicting the chronological flow of activities of processes known as workflow representations. This study suggests that a focus on the communication aspects of processes is more advisable. A controlled experiment with 210 student subjects was used to test a business process communication flow optimization model. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques. Overall, the results provide strong support for the notion that a focus on communications flow representations predicts BPR success. This study calls for a reorientation from the widespread BPR practice of placing emphasis on workflow representations of processes toward an emphasis on communication flow representations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relevance of COX‐2 gene expression in dementia with lewy bodies associated with Alzheimer pathology
Authors: Saldaña Marisa , Pujols Laura , Joaquim Mullol  , Roca‐Ferrer Jordi , Cardozo Adriana , Aguilar Esther , Bonastre Mercè , Marin Concepció 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) expression is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) by measuring COX‐2 mRNA and protein expression in frontal cortex and substantia nigra pars compacta of DLB and control human brains. DLB cases were classified as pure form or common form according to the absence or the presence of Alzheimer pathology including neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid deposits by Braak staging. Using Western Blot and Real‐time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, we have shown that cortical COX‐2 protein levels were decreased in DLB cases (P < 0.01). However, no differences in nigral COX‐2 mRNA expression were observed between control and DLB cases. In conclusion, the present results suggest that in DLB nigral COX‐2 mRNA expression does not correlate with dopaminergic neurodegeneration and that the slight changes observed in the common type are probably due to the concomitant AD pathology. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
The Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson's disease: The inevitability of dementia at 20 years
Authors: Hely Mariese A. , Reid Wayne G.J. , Adena Michael A. , Halliday Glenda M. , Morris John G.L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAfter 20 years follow‐up of newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), 100 of 136 (74%) have died. The mortality rate fell in the first 3 years of treatment, then rose compared to the general population, the standardized mortality ratio from 15 to 20 years reaching 3.1. Drug induced dyskinesia and end of dose failure were experienced by most patients, but the main current problems relate to the non‐levodopa responsive features of the disease. Dementia is present in 83% of 20‐year survivors. Dementia correlates with increasing age and probably reflects an interplay of multiple pathologies. Seventeen people with dementia had postmortems. Eight had diffuse Lewy bodies as the only cause of dementia, while others had mixed neuropathology. Only one person lives independently and 48% are in nursing homes. Excessive daytime sleepiness is noted in 70%, falls have occurred in 87%, freezing in 81%, fractures in 35%, symptomatic postural hypotension in 48%, urinary incontinence in 71%, moderate dysarthria in 81%, choking in 48%, and hallucinations in 74%. The challenge is to understand the cellular mechanisms underlying the diverse features of advanced PD that go far beyond a lack of dopamine. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society