bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrence risk to offspring in extended multiplex schizophrenia pedigrees from a pacific island isolate
Authors: Myles‐Worsley Marina , Tiobech Josepha , Blailes Francisca , Yano Victor M. , Faraone Stephen V. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractGenetic transmission plays a major role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Family, twin, and adoption studies have consistently shown that risks in relatives are many times greater than the general population risk of ∼1%. McGue, Gottesman, and Rao (1983; Am J Hum Genet 35:1161–1178) calculated risk estimates of 12.8% for offspring and 3.5% for nieces/nephews of schizophrenia patients based on a large data set of Western European families. The present study evaluated corresponding risk levels in Palau, an isolated population in Micronesia where the prevalence of narrowly (broadly) defined schizophrenia is 1.99% (2.67%) and cases cluster in extended pedigrees, 20 of which contain 80% of affected individuals. We hypothesized that offspring in these extended families would have a higher risk for schizophrenia than offspring in smaller schizophrenia pedigrees from more genetically heterogeneous populations. RDC diagnostic data based on complete ascertainment of cases and their families covering the past two generations were used to quantify empirical recurrence risks in the offspring and nieces/nephews of Palauan schizophrenia patients. Risks to 1st‐ and 2nd‐degree offspring were approximately double the rates found in the smaller Western European families: 23.4% in the offspring of an affected parent, 6.4% in offspring with one affected aunt/uncle, and 15.0% in offspring with two or more affected aunts/uncles. Recurrence rates in offspring of an affected parent were 1.6 times higher in males (27.9%) than in females (17.7%). The high risk levels we found in Palauan offspring reflect the elevated population prevalence, strong familial aggregation, and multi‐lineal transmission pattern of schizophrenia in Palau. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The serotonin receptor HTR1B: Gene polymorphisms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Ickowicz Abel , Feng Yu , Wigg Karen , Quist Jennifer , Pathare Tejasawe , Roberts Wendy , Malone Molly , Schachar Russell , Tannock Rosemary , Kennedy James L. , Barr Catyh L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSerotonin plays an essential role in cognition, locomotor activity, and the regulation of sleep, pain, mood, and aggression. Polymorphisms of the HTR1B gene have been implicated in a variety of psychiatric disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). The objectives of this study were to: (i) expand our original investigation of the relationship between the HTR1B receptor gene and attention deficit/hyperactivity and; (ii) to investigate a possible association of obsessive behaviors/perfectionism and the HTR1B gene in a sample of 203 families with an ADHD proband. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the HTR1B receptor gene were genotyped using standard methods. Evidence for an association between the HTR1B gene and ADHD as a qualitative diagnosis, or the inattentive and hyperactive‐impulsive quantitative traits was not supported by either TDT single marker analysis or haplotype analysis. In addition we did not find evidence to suggest an association between HTR1B and perfectionism in this sample of ADHD families. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carbohydrate mimics promote functional recovery after peripheral nerve repair
Authors: Simova Olga , Irintchev Andrey , Mehanna Ali , Liu Jiankun , Dihné Marcel , Bächle Dirk , Sewald Norbert , Loers Gabriele , Schachner Melitta 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveThe outcome of peripheral nerve repair is often unsatisfactory, and efficient therapies are not available. We tested the therapeutic potential of functional mimics of the human natural killer cell glycan (3‐sulfoglucuronyl β1‐3 galactoside) (HNK‐1) epitope, a carbohydrate indicated to favor specificity of motor reinnervation in mice.MethodsWe applied a linear HNK‐1 mimic peptide, scrambled peptide, or vehicle substances in polyethylene cuffs used to reconstruct the severed femoral nerves of adult mice. We used video‐based motion analysis and morphological and tracing techniques to monitor the outcome of nerve repair.ResultsAfter glycomimetic application, quadriceps muscle function recovered to 93% of normal within 3 months. Restoration of function was less complete (71–76%) in control groups. Better functional recovery was associated with larger motoneuron somata, better axonal myelination in the quadriceps nerve, and enhanced precision of target reinnervation. Lesion‐induced death of motoneurons was reduced by 20 to 25%. The glycomimetic enhanced survival and neurite outgrowth of both mouse and human motoneurons in vitro by 30 to 75%. Application of a novel cyclic glycomimetic also enhanced functional recovery in vivo.InterpretationThe improved outcome of nerve repair after glycomimetic application may be attributed to neurotrophic effects. Our results hold promise for therapeutic use in humans. Ann Neurol 2006
Alteration of cystatin C in the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Nakashima Ichiro , Fujinoki Masakatsu , Fujihara Kazuo , Kawamura Takeshi , Nishimura Toshihide , Nakamura Masashi , Itoyama Yasuto 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe protein profiles in the cerebrospinal fluid of 10 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 10 patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO), 8 inflammatory disease control patients, and 4 noninflammatory disease control patients were screened by surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Peaks of 12.5kDa were significantly lower in multiple sclerosis, NMO, and inflammatory disease control patients than in noninflammatory disease control patients, and 13.4kDa peaks were higher in NMO than in inflammatory disease control patients. Further analyses demonstrated that both peaks were cystatin C. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay showed that the cystatin C levels tended to be lower in multiple sclerosis and NMO. Alterations of cystatin C may relate to the pathogeneses of demyelinating diseases. Ann Neurol 2007
Structure‐Dependent Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Fullerodendrimers with Light‐Harvesting Oligophenylenevinylene Terminals
Authors: Armaroli Nicola , Accorsi Gianluca , Clifford John N. , Eckert Jean‐François , Nierengarten Jean‐François 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOligophenylenevinylene (OPV)‐terminated phenylenevinylene dendrons G1–G4 with one, two, four, and eight “side‐arms”, respectively, were prepared and attached to C60 by a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ from dendritic aldehydes and N‐methylglycine. The relative electronic absorption of the OPV moiety increases progressively along the fullerodendrimer family C60G1–C60G4, reaching a 99:1 ratio for C60G4 (antenna effect). UV/Vis and near‐IR luminescence and transient absorption spectroscopy was used to elucidate photoinduced energy and electron transfer in C60G1–C60G4 as a function of OPV moiety size and solvent polarity (toluene, dichloromethane, benzonitrile), taking into account the fact that the free‐energy change for electron transfer is the same along the series owing to the invariability of the donor–acceptor couple. Regardless of solvent, all the fullerodendrimers exhibit ultrafast OPV→C60 singlet energy transfer. In CH2Cl2, the OPV→C60 electron transfer from the lowest fullerene singlet level (1C60*) is slightly exergonic (ΔGCS≈0.07 eV), but is observed, to an increasing extent, only in the largest systems C60G2–C60G4 with lower activation barriers for electron transfer. This effect has been related to a decrease of the reorganization energy upon enlargement of the molecular architecture. Structural factors are also at the origin of an unprecedented OPV→C60 electron transfer observed for C60G3 and C60G4 in apolar toluene, whereas in benzonitrile, electron transfer occurs in all cases. Monitoring of the lowest fullerene triplet state by sensitized singlet oxygen luminescence and transient absorption spectroscopy shows that this level is populated through intersystem crossing and is not involved in photoinduced electron transfer.
Everolimus drug interactions: application of a classification system for clinical decision making
Authors: Kovarik John M. , Beyer Doris , Schmouder Robert L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIntroduction. More than half of all drugs used in medical practice are metabolized by cytochrome CYP3A. Coadministration of drugs that share this elimination pathway may lead to pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Efforts are underway by clinical, drug development and regulatory scientists to classify CYP3A‐related drug interactions with the ultimate goal of improving guidance for clinical intervention. The CYP3A inhibitory classification system ranks inhibitors according to the fold‐increase in area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) of a probe substrate as: strong (⩾5‐fold), moderate (>2.0‐ to 4.9‐fold), or weak (⩽2.0‐fold). This classification system was applied to characterize everolimus as a CYP3A substrate.Methods. Five open‐label crossover drug interaction studies were performed in 12–16 healthy subjects each. Subjects received a single 2 mg dose of everolimus alone and again during single‐ or multiple‐dose treatment with the probe inhibitors ketoconazole, erythromycin, verapamil, cyclosporine and atorvastatin.Results. The fold‐increase in everolimus AUC was: 15.0 with the strong inhibitor ketoconazole; 4.4, 3.5 and 2.7 with the moderate inhibitors erythromycin, verapamil and cyclosporine; and no change with the weak inhibitor atorvastatin. Subjects with low baseline AUCs when everolimus was given alone tended to have AUC increases of a higher magnitude (more potent interaction) in the presence of an inhibitor.Conclusions. Strong CYP3A inhibitors should be avoided when possible during everolimus treatment as compensatory everolimus dose reductions could be difficult to manage. Everolimus therapeutic drug monitoring should be used to guide individualized dose adjustments when moderate CYP3A inhibitors are added to or withdrawn from the regimen. Routine everolimus therapeutic drug monitoring should be sufficient to determine whether dose adjustments are needed when weak CYP3A inhibitors are coadministered. This rational and systematic approach to drug interactions on everolimus yielded clinically useful, structured guidelines for dose adjustment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards a better understanding of the unusual conformations of the alternating guanine–adenine repeat strands of DNA
Authors: Kejnovská Iva , Kypr Jaroslav , Vondrušková Jitka , Vorlíčková Michaela 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAlternating guanine–adenine strands of DNA are known to self‐associate into a parallel‐stranded homoduplex at neutral pH, fold into an ordered single‐stranded structure at acid pH, and adopt yet another ordered single‐stranded conformer in aqueous ethanol. The unusual conformers melt cooperatively and exhibit distinct circular dichroism spectra suggestive of a substantial conformational order, but their molecular structures are not known yet. Here, we have probed the molecular structures using guanine and adenine analogs lacking the N7 atom, and thus unable of Hoogsteen pairing, or those restrained in the less‐frequent syn glycosidic orientation. The studies showed that the syn glycosidic orientation of dA residues promoted the neutral homoduplex, whereas the syn orientation of dG was incompatible with the homoduplex. In addition, Hoogsteen pairing of dA seemed to be a crucial property of the homoduplex whereas dG did not pair in this way. The situation was the same in both single‐stranded conformers with the dG residues. On the other hand, the presence of N7 was important with dA but its syn geometry was not favorable. The present data can be used as restraints to model the unusual molecular structures of the alternating guanine–adenine strands of DNA. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85: 19–27, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Total Synthesis of Cyclic Diterpene Tonantzitlolone Based on a Highly Stereoselective Substrate‐Controlled Aldol Reaction and Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Jasper Christian , Adibekian Alexander , Busch Torsten , Quitschalle Monika , Wittenberg Rüdiger , Kirschning Andreas 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe total synthesis of the cyclic diterpene ent‐tonantzitlolone (ent‐1) is presented. Key steps for assembling the macrocyclic core structure of 1 are a highly selective aldol reaction and an E selective ring‐closing metathesis reaction. A detailed investigation of these two steps and the final transformations towards the completion of the synthesis is disclosed.
Water‐Soluble Ionic Liquids as Novel Stabilizers in Suspension Polymerization Reactions: Engineering Polymer Beads
Authors: Guerrero‐Sanchez Carlos , Erdmenger Tina , Šereda Petr , Wouters Daan , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAqueous solutions of ionic liquids have been used as novel and environmentally friendly reaction media to synthesize and “control” the size of different cross‐linked polymer beads by suspension polymerization reactions. It was found that the investigated ionic liquids can act as novel stabilizing agents of the suspensions as a result of their surface‐active properties. The results have demonstrated that the average size of polymer beads can be varied from the macro‐ to the nanoscale and their surface area can also be “adjusted” by this synthetic approach. Furthermore, the use of a combination of ionic liquids and water for the synthesis of polymers, the simple isolation of the products formed in this polymerization procedure, as well as the recycling of the continuous medium for further reactions open up possibilities for the development of “new and green” polymerization processes.
An Investigation of the Nd2O3—MoO3 Phase System: Thermal Decomposition of Nd2Mo4O15 and Formation of Nd6Mo10O39.
Authors: Barker Rosemary S. , Evans Ivana Radosavljevic 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
119Sn Moessbauer Spectroscopy and Chemical Bonding in AuTSn2 (T: Ni, Cu, Pd).
Authors: Lange Stefan , Schappacher Falko M. , Johrendt Dirk , Nilges Tom , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[Sn6Se10Br6]2‐ — A Selenidostannate Cluster with Trigonal Prismatic Structure.
Authors: Schmidtke Markus , Krautscheid Harald 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tandem Nucleophilic Addition/Fragmentation Reactions and Synthetic Versatility of Vinylogous Acyl Triflates.
Authors: Kamijo Shin , Dudley Gregory B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1,2‐Dibromoalkanes into Alkynes by Elimination Reaction under DBU Conditions and Their Application to Total Synthesis of Sapinofuranone B.
Authors: Kutsumura Noriki , Yokoyama Tadashi , Ohgiya Tadaaki , Nishiyama Shigeru 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Ability of 9‐Cyanophenanthrene in Oxidative Photodimerization of 2,5‐Dimethyl‐2,4‐hexadiene.
Authors: Ohashi Maki , Maeda Hajime , Mizuno Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Properties of Several Palladium Complexes Covalently Anchored onto Silica for the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols.
Authors: Choudhary Deepak , Paul Satya , Gupta Rajive , Clark James H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydrogen Peroxide Promoted Hydroxylation of Haloarenes and Heteroarenes.
Authors: Cantrell William R. Jr. , Bauta William E. , Engles Tracy 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Homogeneous Electro‐Mediated Reduction of Unsaturated Compounds Using Ni and Fe as Mediators in DMF.
Authors: da Silva Aderivaldo P. , Mota Saulo D. C. , Bieber Lothar W. , Navarro Marcelo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective Synthesis of vic‐Halo Alcohols and Symmetrical or Unsymmetrical vic‐Dihalides from Epoxides Using Triphenylphosphine—N‐Halo Imides.
Authors: Iranpoor Nasser , Firouzabadi Habib , Azadi Roya , Ebrahimzadeh Farzaneh 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecular Iodine Catalyzed Selective Acetylation of Alcohols with Vinyl Acetate.
Authors: Bosco J. W. John , Agrahari Aditya , Saikia Anil K. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Selective Reduction of Cinnamaldehyde to Cinnamyl Alcohol Using Nanometric Alkali Metal Hydrides.
Authors: Fan Yinheng , Wu Qiang , Jin Dan , Zou Yunling , Liao Shijian , Xu Jie 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Employment of Indium Nanoparticles in Barbier‐Type Reaction of Allylic Chloride in Water.
Authors: Li Jiaming , Zha Zhenggen , Sun Lilin , Zhang Yan , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Alternative Oxidizing and Brominating Method Converting Alcohols to Aldehydes and β‐Bromoethyl Esters Using Ionic Liquid [Bmim][Br3].
Authors: Zhang Yu , Bao Weiliang 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Mannich Reaciton of Malonates with Simple Imines Catalyzed by Bifunctional Cinchona Alkaloids: Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Song Jun , Wang Yi , Deng Li 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Cyanosilylation of Ketones Catalyzed by Novel Chiral N,N′‐Dioxide Titanium Complexes.
Authors: Li Qinghan , Liu Xiaohua , Wang Jun , Shen Ke , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
“syn‐Effect” in Nucleophilic Addition of Amines to 1,3‐Dienylsulfone.
Authors: Yamazaki Masao , Guha Samar Kumar , Ukaji Yutaka , Inomata Katsuhiko 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Reactions of N‐Boc‐Azabenzonorbornadienes with Amine Nucleophiles.
Authors: Cho Yong‐hwan , Zunic Valentin , Senboku Hisanori , Olsen Madeline , Lautens Mark 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Baylis—Hillman Chemistry: Synthesis of cis‐ and trans‐α‐Methylene‐γ‐lactones.
Authors: Kabalka George W. , Venkataiah Bollu , Chen Chunlan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
KF/Al2O3 Mediated Aza‐Michael Addition of Indoles to Electron‐Deficient Olefins.
Authors: Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Bardajee Ghasem Rezanejade , Taimoory Seyedeh Maryam Dokht 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel 2‐(3‐Trifluoromethylphenoxy)‐4‐trifluoromethylthiazole‐5‐carboxamide Derivatives.
Authors: Liu Chang‐Ling , Li Miao , Chi Hui‐Wei , Hou Chun‐Qing , Li Zheng‐Ming 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ambident Properties of 4‐Substituted Thiosemicarbazides in Condensations with Fluoroacetic Acids.
Authors: Vasil'eva E. B. , Filyakova V. I. , Sidorova L. P. , Filatov I. E. , Charushin V. N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Green Route to the 2,6‐Disubstituted Imidazo[2,1‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles by the Cyclocondensation of α‐Bromoacetophenone Derivative and 1,3,4‐Thiadiazoles Using Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Kidwai Mazaahir , Rastogi Shweta 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Sequence of Two Base‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Proton Shifts and [1,2]‐Wittig Rearrangement in the Synthesis of 2,4‐Bis‐(trifluoromethyl)‐6‐phenylpyridine.
Authors: Soloshonok Vadim A. , Ohkura Hironari , Yasumoto Manabu 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.