bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black and white and read all over: Race differences in reactions to recruitment Web sites
Authors: Goldberg Caren B. , Allen David G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBased on signaling theory, this study examines the impact of Web‐site design and content characteristics on applicants' intentions to pursue employment, the mediating effects of engagement with the Web site and attitude toward the organization, and the moderating effects of applicant race on these relationships. The design characteristics of ease of use and usefulness impact attraction indirectly through Web‐site engagement and attitude toward the organization. Further, Web sites' parasocial interaction (allowance for two‐way communication) predicts intentions to pursue both directly and indirectly through engagement and attitude toward the organization. Unexpectedly, diversity statements did not impact attraction in the full sample. Multigroup analyses revealed that many of the paths between the predictors of parasocial interaction and (to a lesser extent) diversity statements and the outcomes differed by race, with stronger effects observed for blacks than whites. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supporting a diverse workforce: What type of support is most meaningful for lesbian and gay employees?
Authors: Huffman Ann H. , Watrous‐Rodriguez Kristen M. , King Eden B. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe examine differences in type of support (i.e., supervisor, coworker, organizational) received by lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) employees and the relationship between type of support and relevant outcomes (job and life satisfaction, outness of sexual orientation). Surveys were administered to 99 LGB individuals, and results indicate that support is best viewed as a multi‐dimensional construct composed of supervisor, coworker, and organizational support for LGB employees. Overall, supervisor support was related to job satisfaction, coworker support was related to life satisfaction, and organizational support for LGB employees was related to outness.Thus, support for LGB employees isrelated to important outcomes. Practical suggestions for increasing organizational support for LGB employees are offered. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overlooked and underutilized: People with disabilities are an untapped human resource
Authors: Lengnick‐Hall Mark L. , Gaunt Philip M. , Kulkarni Mukta 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe retirement of baby boomers along with a smaller cohort group of young people replacing them poses a challenge for employers in the future—where will they find the workers they need? One largely untapped source of human resources is people with disabilities (PWDs). Why have employers mostly ignored this large labor pool? This research used a semistructured interview approach with 38 executives across a broad array of industries and geographic regions to examine why employers don't hire PWDs and what they believe can be done to change this situation. Results show that most employers are not very proactive in hiring PWDs and that most employers hold stereotypical beliefs not supported by research evidence. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interorganizational formal mentoring: Breaking the concrete ceiling sometimes requires support from the outside
Authors: Murrell Audrey J. , Blake‐Beard Stacy , Porter David M. , Perkins‐Williamson Addie 
Published: May 2008

AbstractOur research explores the idea that formal mentoring relationships that cut across traditional organizational boundaries may facilitate positive interactions among an increasingly diverse workforce. We present interview, Web‐survey, and focus‐group data across an eight‐month period from a pilot test of an interorganizational formal mentoring (IOFM) program sponsored by the Executive Leadership Council (ELC). Results indicate that IOFM provides valuable access to mentoring relationships that include trust and psychosocial support, access to legitimate organizational power, and the sharing of social capital across traditional organizational boundaries. The benefits and challenges of this approach to mentoring and diversity are examined. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Making public organizations more inclusive: A case study of the Victoria Police Force
Authors: Metz Isabel , Kulik Carol T. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn contrast to traditional models of change developed in the private sector, change in public‐sector organizations often is initiated by noninclusive cultures, and the culture itself is the direct focus of the change effort. This article describes the strategies used by the Chief Commissioner of Police to change the Victoria Police Force's culture to be diversity‐inclusive. We first explain how this change effort used traditional change strategies (e.g., organizational artifacts reflecting the new culture). We then analyze how it differs from traditional change models and explain the role of the broader system, such as legislative support, in the change process. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stereo imaging and cytocompatibility of a model dental implant surface formed by direct laser fabrication
Authors: Mangano Carlo , Raspanti Mario , Traini Tonino , Piattelli Adriano , Sammons Rachel 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDirect laser fabrication (DLF) allows solids with complex geometry to be produced by sintering metal powder particles in a focused laser beam. In this study, 10 Ti6Al4V alloy model dental root implants were obtained by DLF, and surface characterization was carried out using stereo scanning electron microscopy to produce 3D reconstructions. The surfaces were extremely irregular, with ∼100 μm deep, narrow intercommunicating crevices, shallow depressions and deep, rounded pits of widely variable shape and size, showing ample scope for interlocking with the host bone. Roughness parameters were as follows: Rt, 360.8 μm; Rz, 358.4 μm; Ra, 67.4 μm; and Rq, 78.0 μm. Disc specimens produced by DLF with an identically prepared surface were used for biocompatibility studies with rat calvarial osteoblasts: After 9 days, cells had attached and spread on the DLF surface, spanning across the crevices, and voids. Cell density was similar to that on a commercial rough microtextured surface but lower than on commercial smooth machined and smooth‐textured grit‐blasted, acid‐etched surfaces. Human fibrin clot extension on the DLF surface was slightly improved by inorganic acid etching to increase the microroughness. With further refinements, DLF could be an economical means of manufacturing implants from titanium alloys. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Crack initiation processes in acrylic bone cement
Authors: Sinnett‐Jones P. E. , Browne M. , Moffat A. J. , Jeffers J. R. T. , Saffari N. , Buffière J.‐Y. , Sinclair I. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA major constraint in improving the understanding of the micromechanics of the fatigue failure process and, hence, in optimizing bone cement performance is found in the uncertainties associated with monitoring the evolution of the internal defects that are believed to dominate in vivo failure. The present study aimed to synthesize high resolution imaging with complementary damage monitoring/detection techniques. As a result, evidence of the chronology of failure has been obtained. The earliest stages of crack initiation have been captured and it is proposed that, in the presence of a pore, crack initiation may occur away from the pore due to the combined influence of pore morphology and the presence of defects within regions of stress concentration. Furthermore, experimental evidence shows that large agglomerations of BaSO4 are subject to microcracking during fatigue, although in the majority of cases, these are not the primary cause of failure. It is proposed that cracks may then remain contained within the agglomerations because of the clamping effect of the matrix during volumetric shrinkage upon curing. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Vascular endothelial cells on two‐and three‐dimensional fibrin assemblies for biomaterial coatings
Authors: Filová Elena , Brynda Eduard , Riedel Tomáš , Bačáková Lucie , Chlupáč Jaroslav , Lisá Věra , Houska Milan , Dyr Jan E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractVarious techniques for coating synthetic surfaces with fibrin structures were tested for seeding bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (EC). Two‐dimensional fibrin (Fb) structures (2D Fb) were obtained by successively repeating adsorption of fibrinogen (Fbg), incubating the surface with thrombin (Thr) solution, and inhibiting surface‐attached Thr. Three‐dimensional fibrin networks immobilized at the surface (3D Fb) were formed by catalytic action of surface‐attached thrombin on an ambient Fbg solution. Ultra‐thin 3D Fbs were obtained if thrombin inhibitors antithrombin III and heparin were added into an Fbg solution. The formation of surface fibrin structures was observed in situ using surface plasmon resonance. The morphology of the structures was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A polylactide fibrous scaffold was modified with a surface fibrin film without filling the inner pores with a bulk gel. The growth of EC seeded on a polystyrene surface coated with the Fb films was evaluated by the number and morphology of the adhering ECs and the concentration of beta‐actin, vinculin, alphav‐intergrin, and von Willebrand factor (vWF). The best initial cell spreading after 1 day was observed on 2D Fb and ultra‐thin 3D Fb. The highest concentration of vWF, a marker of EC differentiation, was observed after 3 days on thick 3D Fbs. The highest EC population densities after 7 days were observed on 2D Fb and thick 3D Fb. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Optimisation of enzymatic hydrolysis for concentration of squalene in palm fatty acid distillate
Authors: Leng Camilla Chua Soo , Baharin Badlishah Sham , Che Man Yaakob , Tan Chin Ping 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Squalene was concentrated from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) in this study using commercial immobilised Candida antarctica lipase (Novozyme 435®). The PFAD was neutralised (NPFAD) using an alkali to liberate the free fatty acids and then hydrolysed at 65 ± 1 °C. The enzymatic hydrolysis on NPFAD was optimised using response surface methodology (RSM) before being neutralised again to obtain a concentrated squalene fraction.RESULTS: A five‐level, three‐factor central composite rotatable design was adopted to evaluate the effects of the enzymatic hydrolysis parameters reaction time (4–12 h), water content (50–70% w/w) and enzyme concentration (1.5–3.5% w/w) on the percentage yield of squalene concentration. The optimal reaction parameters for maximum yield of squalene concentration were identified from the respective contour plots. The optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were a reaction time of 7.05 h, a water content of 61.40% w/w and an enzyme concentration of 2.23% w/w.CONCLUSION: RSM was used to determine the optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis of NPFAD with C. antarctica lipase for maximum recovery of squalene which could be implemented on an industrial scale. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative study of the effects of 1‐MCP treatment on apple quality by instrumental and multivariate analysis
Authors: Larrigaudière Christian , Vilaplana Rosa , Soria Yolanda , Recasens Inmaculada 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The main aim of this work was to define how 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) treatment affects apple fruit quality by two complementary approaches.RESULTS: The results confirmed that 1‐MCP treatment maintained firmness and acidity of the fruit. Multivariate analysis distinguished treated and untreated fruits and showed that a relationship exists between 1‐MCP treatment and firmness, and also between 1‐MCP and the physiological disorder, ‘diffuse skin browning’ (DSB). Relationships for acidity were low and absent for soluble‐solids concentration (SSC). The PCA model built only with 1‐MCP treated fruit showed a positive correlation between DSB incidence and firmness, and a negative correlation between DSB and SSC or a* values. Collectively, these correlations indicated that the more immature fruits are more susceptible to DSB. This last model also characterised acidity as the best parameter to discriminate the 1‐MCP fruits.CONCLUSION: It is the first time that such a comparative study has been conducted on 1‐MCP treated fruits. The results are of interest because they (1) help to discriminate treated and untreated fruits, and (2) allow discrimination of 1‐MCP‐treated fruit during storage. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Possible heat‐tolerant wheat cultivar improvement through the use of flag leaf gas exchange traits in a Mediterranean environment
Authors: Koç Müjde , Barutçular Celaleddin , Tiryakioǧlu Murat 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Flag leaf traits are associated with performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in heat‐stress environments. Fifteen cultivars were evaluated during 3 years with two sowing dates under irrigated conditions so as to examine the relationship between the flag leaf traits and performance in a Mediterranean environment.RESULTS: It became possible to assess a heat susceptibility index (HSI) for each cultivar by altering the sowing date, exposing the crops to different temperatures. The cultivars showed significant differences for all measured traits except canopy temperatures and chlorophyll fluorescence, though not all were consistent. Excluding two cultivars that differed in development, yield, grain number, harvest index and leaf An (net CO2 assimilation rate), gs (stomatal conductance to water vapor), mc (apparent mesophyll conductance of CO2) and ash content were negatively associated with HSI, whereas leaf area and width were positively associated. Traits showing the best correlation with HSI were An, followed by area, gs, mc, width and ash content. High An was associated with smaller leaf size.CONCLUSION: It is worthwhile to select high ear grain number and harvest index. In addition, flag leaf gas exchange traits and ash content can be used as complementary selection criteria after the possible pleiotropic associations of these traits with leaf size are clarified. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Isolation and characterization of degradation products of citalopram and process‐related impurities using RP‐HPLC
Authors: Rao Ramisetti Nageswara , Raju Ale Narasa , Narsimha Ramaram 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous separation and determination of citalopram hydrobromide and its process impurities in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations was developed. The separation was accomplished on an Inertsil ODS 3V (250×4.6 mm; particle size 5 μm) column using 0.3% diethylamine (pH = 4.70) and methanol/acetonitrile (55:45 v/v) as mobile phase in a gradient elution mode. The eluents were monitored by a photodiode array detector set at 225 nm. The chromatographic behavior of all the related substances was examined under variable conditions of different solvents, buffer concentrations, and pH. The method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, and linearity. The method could be of use not only for rapid and routine evaluation of the quality of citalopram in bulk drug manufacturing units but also for the detection of its impurities in pharmaceutical formulations. Three unknown impurities were consistently observed during the analysis of different batches of citalopram. Forced degradation of citalopram was carried out under thermal, photo, acidic, alkaline, and peroxide conditions. The degradation products and unknown impurities were isolated and characterized by ESI‐MS/MS, 1H NMR, and FT‐IR spectroscopy.
Single‐step approach to β‐cyclodextrin‐bonded silica as monolithic stationary phases for CEC
Authors: Hsieh Ming‐Lung , Li Guan‐Yi , Chau Lai‐Kwan , Hon Yung‐Son 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA novel single‐step sol–gel approach for the preparation of β‐CD‐bonded silica monolithic electrochromatographic columns is established. The porous silica networks were fabricated inside fused‐silica capillaries using sol–gel processing of tetramethoxysilane and an organfunctional silicon alkoxide that contains β‐CD. Scanning electron micrographs and nitrogen adsorption–desorption data showed that these functional monolithic columns have double pores structures with micrometer‐size co‐continuous through‐pores and silica skeletons with open mesopores. The β‐CD monolithic columns have successfully been applied to the separation of several neutral and negatively charged isomers by CEC. The column performance was evaluated by using positional isomers of naphthalenedisulfonic acid as model compounds. A plate height of less than 10 μm for the first eluted isomer of naphthalenedisulfonic acid was obtained at an optimal flow rate (0.47 mm/s) of the mobile phase. Moreover, the columns have been proved to be stable for more than 100 runs during 3 months period and show reasonable column reproducibility.
A method to test the detectability of GC/PFPD for an extended concentration range with respect to reduced sulfur compounds
Authors: Kim Ki‐Hyun 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn this study, a possible means to extensively expand the quantifiable range of reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) in air has been investigated by a combined application of GC with pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD) and a multifunction thermal desorber (TD) system. To comply with the purpose of this study, gaseous RSC standards containing the equimolar concentrations of H2S, CH3SH, DMS, DMDS, and CS2 were prepared at 11 concentration levels (i. e., 10 ppb–10 ppm (over 103 range)). These standards were then used to derive three‐point calibrations based on the modified injection through a TD (MITD). If the mean calibration slopes of each concentration level are normalized to that of CH3SH, the relative ordering is found as 0.65 (H2S): 1 (CH3SH): 1.34 (DMS): 2.24 (DMDS). The reproducibility of MITD method, when assessed in terms of relative standard error (RSE) for all calibration slopes, had the most stable pattern for DMDS (5.77%) and the least stable one for H2S (12.8%). The sensitivity of the MITD‐based calibration generally improved with an increase in concentration levels of standard gas. Based on our study, the MITD technique is useful to extend quantification of GC/PFPD by allowing RSC detection over a 103 range.
Stereoselective Complex Formation between Polybutadiene and Cyclodextrins in Bulk
Authors: Kuratomi Yukari , Osaki Motofumi , Takashima Yoshinori , Yamaguchi Hiroyasu , Harada Akira 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPolybutadienes (PBs) are found to form inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins (CDs) stereoselectively to give crystalline compounds in bulk. These complexes have been isolated and characterized by means of 1H NMR and 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Although α‐CD did not form inclusion complexes with any kinds of PBs in aqueous solutions, α‐CD did form inclusion complexes with PBs having 1,4‐cis‐ and 1,4‐trans‐butadiene units in bulk by heating at 100 °C. On the other hand, PB having 79% of a 1,2‐structure did not form inclusion complexes with α‐CD. The yield of the inclusion complexes increases with an increase in the content of the 1,4‐cis‐structure of PB and decreases with the molecular weights of the PBs.magnified image
Human intestinal hydrolysis of phenol glycosides – a study with quercetin and p‐nitrophenol glycosides using ileostomy fluid
Authors: Knaup Bastian , Kahle Kathrin , Erk Thomas , Valotis Anagnostis , Scheppach Wolfgang , Schreier Peter , Richling Elke 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn order to study the influence of sugar moiety, aglycon structure and microflora concentration on the human ileal hydrolysis of phenol glycosides, various quercetin and p‐nitrophenol glycosides were incubated under anaerobic conditions (37°C for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 24 h) with ileostomy fluids from three different donors. The glycosides, i.e. β‐D‐glucopyranosides, β‐D‐galactopyranosides, α‐L‐arabinofuranosides, β‐D‐xylopyranosides and α‐L‐rhamnopyranosides as well as the liberated aglycones were identified by HPLC‐DAD and HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Among the quercetin glycosides under study, the 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside showed with 0.22 μmol/h the highest hydrolysis rate, followed by the 3‐O‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside, the 3‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranoside and the 3‐O‐α‐L‐arabinofuranoside (0.04 and each 0.03 μmol/h, respectively). Quercetin 3‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside was found to be stable for the entire incubation period. Using quercetin 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside as a representative example, linear hydrolysis rate was observed from 75 to 2500 μL ileostomy fluid corresponding to its microflora content (log 0.68 up to 21.9 colony forming units). Studies performed in the presence of antibiotics did not reveal any hydrolysis. The p‐nitrophenol glycosides were hydrolyzed faster than the corresponding quercetin glycosides. The hydrolysis rate decreased from the β‐D‐glucopyranoside (0.41 μmol/h), to the β‐D‐galactopyranoside (0.21 μmol/h), the β‐D‐xylopyranoside (0.12 μmol/h), the α‐L‐arabinofuranoside (0.09 μmol/h) to the α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (0.06 μmol/h). These results demonstrate that the human ileal hydrolysis of phenol glycosides depends on the sugar and the aglycon structure as well as the microflora.
Detection of the administration of 17β‐nortestosterone in boars by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Ventura Rosa , Roig Meritxell , Pérez Belén , López Sergi , Medina Mireia , Bosch Jaume , Segura Jordi 
Published: May 2008

Abstract17β‐Nortestosterone (17βN) is illegally used in livestock as a growth promoter and its endogenous production has been described in some animals, such as adult boars. In this paper, the metabolism of 17βN in boars has been studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in order to identify markers of the exogenous administration. Administration studies of intramuscular 17βN laurate to male pigs were performed. Free, sulphate and glucuronide fractions of the urine samples were separated and the steroids present were quantified by GC/MS. 17βN was detected in some pre‐administration samples. After administration, 17βN, norandrosterone, noretiocholanolone (NorE), norepiandrosterone, 5β‐estrane‐3α,17β‐diol and 5α‐estrane‐3β,17β‐diol were detected in different fractions, being the most important metabolites, 17βN excreted as a sulphate and free NorE. Samples collected in routine controls were also analyzed by GC/MS to identify endogenous compounds. 17βN, norandrostenedione and estrone were detected in almost all the samples. No other 17βN metabolites were detected. According to these results, the detection by GC/MS of some of the 17βN metabolites described above, different from 17βN, could be indicative of the exogenous administration of 17βN to boars. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Less hashing, same performance: Building a better Bloom filter
Authors: Kirsch Adam , Mitzenmacher Michael 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA standard technique from the hashing literature is to use two hash functionsh1(x) andh2(x) to simulate additional hash functions of the formgi(x) =h1(x) +ih2(x). We demonstrate that this technique can be usefully applied to Bloom filters and related data structures. Specifically, only two hash functions are necessary to effectively implement a Bloom filter without any loss in the asymptotic false positive probability. This leads to less computation and potentially less need for randomness in practice. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2008