bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GENETIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TWO SUBSTRAINS OF NZB MICE *
Authors: Oikawa T. , Katoh H. , Shoji Y. , Esaki K. , Ishikawa M. , Yuhki N. , Kuzumaki N. , Tateno M. , Yoshiki T. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYWe have compared the NZB/BINJ (/NJ) and NZB/BlPt (/Pt) mouse substrains with respect to a number of immunological and biochemical polymorphisms. In agreement with earlier findings by other workers, we detected histocompatibility antigen difference(s) between the two substrains. Serological analysis indicated that /NJ and /Pt expressed the same allotypes of H‐2, Thy‐1 and Lyt‐1 antigens, while they differed for the Lyt‐2 antigen. Amongst 15 biochemical polymorphisms, which we assayed, /NJ and /Pt differed for four, namely Pep‐3, Mup‐1, Gpd‐1 and Hbb. In addition, the two NZB substrains differed for the Hc marker (haemolytic complement).
GENETICS OF THE RAT CT SYSTEM: ITS APPARENT COMPLEXITY IS A CONSEQUENCE OF CROSS‐REACTIVITY BETWEEN THE DISTINCT MHC CLASS I ANTIGENS RT1.C AND RT1.A
Authors: Stephenson S. P. , Morley R. C. , Butcher G. W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe rat CT antigens are a system of medial histocompatibility antigens linked to RT1, the rat major histocompatibility complex (MHC). They have aroused interest firstly because, despite their extreme serological weakness, they are targets for ‘unrestricted’ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL); and secondly because they have appeared to represent a complex genetic system in terms both of the number of genetic loci involved and the number of distinguishable antigenic specificities expressed. The CT system was originally defined by the reactions of LEW anti‐F344 (RT1l anti‐RT1lvl) secondary in vitro CTL. These CTL reacted strongly on DA(RT1avl) targets, but much more weakly on AUG or PVG (RT1c) targets. We have used the recently derived RT1 recombinant rat strains PVG.R19 (RT1.AavlIavlCc) and PVG.R20 (RT1.AcIcCavl) to investigate the genetic control of this system. Contrary to previous interpretations, the results are consistent with a model in which CT is a single locus, which maps to the RTI.C region. In addition, our results demonstrate that there is cross‐reactivity of anti‐RT1C CTLs on RT1A products, and we suggest that the earlier placement of a CT locus in the RT1.A region was probably incorrect and a consequence of this cross‐reactivity.
Gm ALLOTYPES IN IgA DEFICIENCY
Authors: HammarströM L. , Grubb R. , Smith C. I. E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYGm phenotypes were examined in 90 Swedish IgA‐deficient (<0.05 g/litre of serum IgA) donors and 40 normal first and second degree relatives of six of these donors. The Glm1,2, G3m5 and Km1 frequency in the group of IgA‐deficient donors did not differ from that found in the normal population. Among the relatives, HLA and/or Gm identical normal sibs were observed. Anti‐IgA antibodies were present in 29 of the IgA‐deficient donors and anti‐IgG in seven. No association between the two was found. A statistically significant association between the Glm‐2 phenotype and the presence of anti‐Iga antibodies was observed. When subdivided according to HLA type, a non‐random distribution of Gm phenotypes was seen in HLA‐B8/DR3 positive individuals with anti‐IgA antibodies (HLA‐B8/DR3 being the haplotype associated with IgA deficiency). These data suggest an association between IgA deficiency, anti‐IgA and the studied Gm allotypes.
LONG‐TERM PASSIVE ENHANCEMENT OF ALLOGENEIC SKIN GRAFTS WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Authors: Hansen Ted H. , Koprak Samuel L. , Wormstall Eva‐Marie , Olson Beverly J. , Jackson Ronald D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYMonoclonal antibodies (mAb) to graft‐specific class I or class II major histocompatibility antigens were tested for their ability to enhance the survival of allogeneic skin transplants. Mutant mouse strains were grafted with wild type tissue to restrict the antigenic differences being recognized For allogeneic recognition of the class I antigen Ld, mutant BALB/c‐H‐2dm2 (dm2) mice were grafted with wild type BALB/cKh skin, and two dm2 anti‐BALB/cKh mAb, 23‐10‐1 and 30‐5‐7, were tested for their ability to enhance. The anti‐Ld antibody 23‐10‐1 (IgM) was found not to enhance the survival of BALB/c skin of dm2 mice. 30‐5‐7, however, an IgG2a antibody of indistinguishable specificity from 23‐10‐1, prolonged graft survival for approximately 5 days. For recognition of selected Iab determinants, mutant B6. C‐H‐2bm12 (bm12) mice were grafted with wild type B6/Kh skin, and mAb specific for the serological change(s) in bm12 were tested for their ability to enhance. The anti‐Iab antibody 25‐9‐17 (IgG2a) was found not to enhance B6 grafts on bm 12 mice. However, the enhancement seen with 25‐9‐17 using (C3H x bm12)F1 recipients was extraordinary, such that treated mice had a mean survival time three times that of the controls. Since 25‐9‐17 is of C3H origin, these results suggest that allotype (or possibly idiotype) compatibility is important in antibody enhancement. Another anti‐Iab antibody 28‐16‐8 (IgM), also of C3H origin, failed to enhance a B6 graft on (C3H x bm 12)F1 mice. These studies demonstrate, therefore, that mAb can be used to enhance skin grafts and that both isotype and allotype may be important parameters which influence the ability of an antibody to enhance.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPES IN PATIENTS IN END‐STAGE RENAL FAILURE
Authors: Laundy G. J. , Bradley B. A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn a population of 282 Caucasoid patients in end‐stage renal failure (ESRF) Gm and Km typing has confirmed a significant increase in the frequency of the Gm1,2,17;21 haplotype. This was confined to an increase in the number of heterozygous Gm(1, 2, 3, 17; 21, 5, 10, 13, 14) individuals. A concomitant decrease in the frequency of presumptive Gm(3, 5, 10, 13, 14) heterozygotes was also confirmed. Analysis of individual renal diseases revealed significant immunoglobulin allotype, phenotype and haplotype frequency deviations in those patients presenting with hypertension, glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis. The allotype distribution in patients with physical abnormalities of the urinary‐genital tract, whether congenital or acquired, was normal.
FEMALE POPLITEAL LYMPH NODE RESPONSES TO H‐ Y ANTIGEN ON MALE THYMOCYTES IN MICE
Authors: Králová J. , Němec M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYC57BL/10 (abbreviation B10) female mice give a high primary popliteal lymph node (PLN) response to syngeneic male thymocytes. The PLN response to the H‐Y antigen is suppressed if B10 females are primed by an intraperitoneal injection of syngeneic male cells. Suppression of the response can be induced by priming with not only syngeneic B10 male thymocytes but also allogeneic thymocytes which share the H‐2D locus of the H‐2b haplotype with the responder (Db restriction). On the other hand, B10.D2, B10.A, and HTO female mice, giving a low primary PLN response to H‐Y, give high secondary PLN responses when primed intraperitoneally with syngeneic male thymocytes. A high secondary response can also be obtained by priming with allogeneic male thymocytes which share the K/i> end loci (K, Aβ, Aα, Eβ, and Eα) of the H‐2 complex with the responder. Apparently the male thymocytes used for priming must share class I (and possibly class II) H‐2 loci with the female recipients to enable the recognition of the H‐Y antigen and subsequent development of the genetically determined type (suppression or amplification) of the secondary PLN response.
AUGMENTATION OF THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE BY HAPTEN HELP
Authors: Leech S. H. , Bryan C. F. , Elston R. C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe purpose of the present work was to characterize the immune response (Ir) genes that influence augmentation of the antibody response by help with the hapten azobenzene‐arsonate (ABA). Hapten help was measured as the augmentation in the plaque‐forming cell (PFC) response to bovine gamma gloulin (BGG) after priming mice with ABA conjugated to ovalbumin (OVA) and challenging subsequently with ABA‐BGG. The first approach involved inbred mouse strains that were matched for H‐2 but differed in their non‐H‐2 genetic backgrounds. B10.D2 mice were low responders even though they shared the H‐2d haplotype with BALB/c and DBA/2 mice, which were high responders. C57BL/10 mice were high responders even though they shared the H‐2b haplotype with C57BL/6, C3H.SW, and A.BY mice, all of which were strains that were low responders. The second approach was to identify any segregation of H‐2 woth the gene(s) encoding susceptibility to hapten help in the backcross generation. (BALB/c x C57BL/6) F1 hybrids were backcrossed to C57BL/6. The results showed no association with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
HLA CLASS I AND CLASS II ANTIGEN ASSOCIATIONS IN ACUTE LEUKAEMIAS
Authors: Navarrete C. , Alonso A. , Awad J. , McCloskey D. , Ganesan T. S. , Amess J. , Lister T. A. , Festenstein H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYHLA‐A,B,C and DR antigen frequencies were determined in a group of 188 patients suffering from acute myeloid (AML) and acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL). These antigen frequencies were compared with those obtained on a panel of normal individuals (n= 109) of the same ethnic origin. The significance of the differences in the antigen distribution and the strength of the associations between particular HLA antigens and the disease were then calculated. The resuks obtained show a decreased frequency of HLA‐Awl9 in the overall group of patients and the group of patients with ALL. In addition, the antigen frequency of the HLA‐B18 and DRS(DRw11) antigens was also decreased in the overall group of patients and in those patients with AML but not in the patients with ALL. The results suggest that the antigen Aw l9 may confer some degree of resistance to the development of ALL and that the HLA‐B18 and/or DR5 antigens may be resistance factors for the development of AML.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SYNGENEIC ANTI‐TUMOUR RESPONSE AGAINST THE GR9
Authors: Delgado C. , Garrido A. , Perez M. , Garrido M. L. , Algarra I. , Garrido F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIsoantisera and syngeneic monoclonal antibodies have been produced against A7, a clone derived from a BALB/c methylcholanthrene‐induced tumour named GR9. The antigens defined by the isoantisera and mAbs are widely distributed in a large number of GR9 clones as well as in other tumour cell lines of different aetiology and origin. Two GR9 clones with marked differences in H‐2 expression and syngeneic in vivo growth (A7, which is H‐2d‐positive and highly immunogenic and B‐9, which is H‐2d‐negative and highly malignant) were selected to further analyse the presence or absence of the antigens recognized by the syngeneic anti‐tumour antibodies.Immunoprecipitation data with two different isoantisera revealed a group of proteins with a molecular weight of M, 65‐70,000 present in both clones. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation with the A7‐1 mAb again showed a single M, 65K band present in A7 and B9 clones. We conclude that the marked differences observed in the syngeneic growth of the two clones are not due to differences in tumour associated antigens (TAA), defined by syngeneic antibodies, and emphasize the role that class I H‐2 antigens could play in tumour rejection.
REPRESSION OF CLASS I H‐2K,H‐2D ANTIGENS ON GR9 METHYLCHOLANTHRENE‐INDUCED TUMOUR CELL CLONES IS RELATED TO THE LEVEL OF DNA METHYLATION
Authors: Bonal F. J. , Pareja E. , Martin J. , Romero C. , Garrido F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe correlation between gene expression and DNA methylation is well established. In the present study we examined DNA methylation as a potential regulatory mechanism of class I histocompatibility antigen expression. We selected for study two cell clones from the same mouse tumour (GR9). One of them is H‐2 class I‐positive (A7) and the other negative (B9). Using five enzymes and three different probes, no rearrangement or deletion was detected in the MHC class I genes of the negative clone compared with the positive one. These results do not provide an explanation for the differences observed in the expression of class I antigens in A7 (Kd, Dd positive) and B9 (Kd, Dd negative). We then studied the DNA methylation status in both clones by Southern blot analysis. Clear differences between the Kd, Dd positive and negative clones were detected. Furthermore, both Kd and Dd were clearly expressed after culturing the H‐2 class I negative clone with the demethylating agent 5‐azacytidine. These results suggest that the methylation of certain MHC cytoshes is a regulatory mechanism of H‐2 class I gene expression.
LOSS OF HLA‐A,B,C IN COLORECTAL CARCINOMA IS RELATED TO THE DEGREE OF DE‐DIFFERENTIATION
Authors: Momburg F. , Moller P. , Moldenhauer G. , Hämmerling G. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYBy means of immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections 100 primary colorectal carcinomas and 19 metastases were studied for the expression of HLA‐A,B,C antigens. A substantial number of the tumours showed a deficient class I expression. The loss of HLA‐A,B,C correlated with the degree of de‐differentiation.
DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF HLA CLASS I AND II ANTIGENS IN PRIMARY AND METASTATIC MELANOMAS
Authors: Lopez Nevot M. A. , Garcia E. , Pareja E. , Bonal F. J. , Martin J. , Ruiz‐Cabello F. , Serrano S. , Garrido F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYClass I and II histocompatibility antigen expression was studied in cryostat sections of biopsy tissues from 15 patients diagnosed as suffering from malignant melanoma, using monoclonal antibodies against HLA class I and II mono‐morphic determinants and an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Class I antigens were detected in three of the four primary melanomas and in five of the eleven metastatic melanomas. Class II antigens were expressed only in metastatic melanomas, in three out of eleven cases.Some tumour cell suspensions were obtained and short‐term cultures were established. Radiobinding and immunoprecipitation studies were carried out in two cases, named M6 and M8. The results were comparable to those obtained with direct immunofluorescence. We modulated the expression of class I and II HLA antigens with interferon in M6 when adapted to tissue culture. This melanoma was class I and II negative; after IFNγ treatment it became strongly positive for class I and II antigens. In addition we have demonstrated, using Southern blot analysis with the restriction enzymes PvuII and EcoRI, that the M6 melanoma does not have any detectable alterations in its class IIβ genes.
EXPRESSION AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MODULATION BY INTERFERONS OF HLA CLASS I AND II ANTIGENS ON MELANOMA CELLS. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Authors: Ruiter D. J. , BRöcker E.‐B. , Ferrone S. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYImmunohistochemical analysis for non‐polymorphic determinants of HLA class I or class II antigens has been greatly facilitated by the use of monoclonal antibodies. Studies on the distribution of these antigens in tumour lesions emphasize their role in the tumour‐host interaction and in tumour histo‐pathology, especially as additional markers in the assessment of prognosis of melanoma patients. Changes in the expression of HLA antigens on tumour cells in vitro as induced by γinterferon may also occur in vivo as a result of local production by the T lymphocytic infiltrate in tumours.
LOSS OF POLYMORPHIC RESTRICTION FRAGMENTS OF CLASS I AND CLASS II MHC GENES IN A MALIGNANT MELANOMA
Authors: Angelini G. , Fossati G. , Radice P. , Longo A. , Piccioli P. , Pierotti M. A. , Ferrara G. B. , Parmiani G. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYDNAs from human malignant melanoma cells and autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated by Southern blot analysis with probes for class I and II HLA genes. DNA of melanoma cells digested with PvuII, EcoRI and BglI and hybridized with a DRB probe showed a loss of several fragments when compared with DNA from lymphocytes. The same DNAs were not distinguishable when hybridized with a DQB probe. Analysis of melanoma and autologous lymphocyte DNAs from the same patient with a class I cDNA, after digestion with several endonucleases, revealed a further loss of fragments in melanoma cells. Comparison of restriction fragment patterns of melanoma and lymphocytes with those of homozygous, serologically‐typed cell lines indicated that melanoma cells have lost fragments diagnostic of DR2 and A1 antigens. A densitometric analysis of signals of several oncogenes in comparison with that of DR indicated that a duplication of the remaining DR allele had occurred in melanoma cells.
MOLECULAR DEFINITION OF RETROVIRUS‐INDUCED ANTIGENS RECOGNIZED BY TUMOUR‐SPECIFIC H‐2‐RESTRICTED CYTOLYTIC T LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Plata F. , Langlade‐Demoyen P. , Abastado J.‐P. , Berbar T. , Kourilsky P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe antigenic specificities of H‐2‐restricted, tumour‐specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) were studied at the molecular level using CTL from BALB.B and C57BL/6 (H‐2b) mice sensitized to an H‐2b Gross murine leukaemia virus (MuLV)‐induced tumour. Target cells were produced by the double trans‐fection of mouse L cells (H‐29 with the cloned H‐2Kb or H‐2P gene and retro‐viral DNA derived from a molecular clone of Akv MuLV (closely related to Gross MuLV). Doubly transfected L cells which express either H‐2Kb or H‐2Db antigen and retroviral antigens are lysed in a virus‐specific manner by Gross MuLV‐immune CTL. The existence of two independent Gross MuLV‐immune CTL subpopulations, one restricted by H‐2Kb and the other by H‐2Db, is thus confirmed. Gross MuLV‐immune CTL from both BALB.B and C57BL/6 mice killed L cells that express Akv MuLV gag gene products and H‐2Kb or H‐2Db antigen. In contrast, only CTL from C57BL/6 mice killed L cells that express Akv MuLV env gene products and H‐2Kb or H‐2Db. This indicates that specific recognition of MuLV‐induced antigens by CTL can be selective and varies according to the origin of the CTL.
SIMULTANEOUS RESPONSES TO TD, TI‐1 AND TI‐2 ANTIGENS ORIGINATE FROM BOTH SPECIFIC AND MULTIPOTENT PRECURSORS
Authors: Fevrier M. , Bleux C. , Bouvet J.‐P. , Couderc J. , Liacopoulos P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe classification of antigens into TD, TI‐1 and TI‐2 varieties raises the question of whether responses to these antigens are produced by distinct or identical subpopulations of B cells. In the present study we have examined the extent of intraclonal specificity variation in the progeny of PFC appearing after stimulation with two unrelated antigens. Mouse lymphoid cells were stimulated with pairs of TD and TI antigens, PFC were individually cultured and daughter PFC examined for their specificity. In all combinations used, PFC responding to TD antigen engendered, after 48 h of culture, a high frequency of PFC daughters expressing one or the other antibody specificity, notwithstanding the specificity of parental PFC. However, PFC responding to TI antigens seemed less subject to variation in specificity, and PFC daughters engendered after a 48 h culture period were, in the majority, of the parental specificity. These results are analysed in relation to different subpopulations of B cells.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DQα AND DQβ RFLP AND CELL SURFACE POLYMORPHISMS OF CLASS II HLA ANTIGENS
Authors: Cascino I. , Rosenshine S. , Turco E. , Marrari M. , Duquesnoy R. J. , Trucco M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYDQα and β DNA probes of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were hybridized to restriction enzyme‐digested genomic DNA with the aim of establishing a correspondence between the polymorphisms recognized by classical serology and DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). In DR homozygous human cell lines, three distinct PstI fragments were recognized by the DQα probe and four PstI fragments were recognized by the DQβ probe. Each fragment was associated with a different group of DR antigens. Three allelic forms of either DXα or β genes were identified, but none showed any strong association with DR or DQ. Family segregation analysis at the DNA level further confirmed the DR linkage of the DQ alleles in estimations of gene frequencies of different alleles of DQα, DQβ, DXα and DXβ. Evidence was presented that the DQα and DQβ allelic forms described at the DNA level correspond to polymorphic determinants at the cell surface which can be defined serologically or in cellular assays. Our data suggest that the HLA‐DQ subregion‐encoded alloantigens should be defined at the individual α and β chain levels.
ELECTROPHORETIC RESOLUTION OF TWO RAT CLASS I ALLOANTIGENS EXPRESSED ON (WF x F344)F1 LIVER CELLS IN PRIMARY CULTURE
Authors: Hunt J. M. , Buckley M. T. , Laishes B. A. , Butcher G. W. , Desai P. A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYPolyvalent alloantisera, prepared by reciprocal immunization of F344 (RT1lv1 haplotypes) and WF (RT1u haplotype) rats, as well as monoclonal antibodies, were used to immunoprecipitate class I alloantigens from detergent extracts of monolayer cultures of 35S‐methionine‐labelled liver cells. Two‐dimensional IEF/SDS‐PAGE gel analysis resolved the RT1.Alv1 and RT1.Au class I antigens expressed on the liver cells in culture.
THE EXPRESSION OF MURINE Qa REGION GENE PRODUCT(S) IN L CELL TRANSFORMANTS
Authors: Fernandez N. , Festenstein H. , Alonzo A. , Biro P. A. , Labeta M. , Carolan E. , Houlihan J. , Mellor A. , Flavell R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe cosmid H3.5, containing genes mapping to the murine H‐2 Qa region, was used to transfect L cells by the calcium phosphate co‐precipitation method. The resultant transfected cells expressed a Qa‐like determinant as detected by an immune serum raised against the transfectant cells and Qa specific monoclonal antibodies. Two‐dimensional gel analysis revealed the expression of a class I‐like heavy chain with a similar molecular mass to the Qa2 antigens of the positive strain B10 and B10.A but with a different isoelectric point. The cosmid H3.5 spans 40 kb of DNA and contains at least one complete Qa region gene which encodes the Qa‐like determinant detected in this study.
GENES WITHIN THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX INFLUENCE THE RESPONSE TO AMPICILLIN THERAPY AND SEVERITY OF RELAPSE IN H‐2 CONGENIC, SUSCEPTIBLE Itys MICE INFECTED WITH VIRULENT SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM
Authors: Maskell D. J. , Hormaeche C. E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYControl by genes within H‐2 of natural resistance to fully virulent salmonellae in susceptible mice was studied by the typhoid relapse model. Susceptible (Itys), H‐2 congenic C57BL/10 (B10) lines were infected with a lethal dose of the virulent S. typhimurium C5 and rescued from death by ampicillin therapy, inducing a chronic infection. The response to therapy and its cessation, both early and late in the infection, varied in different strains. B10 (H‐Zb) and B10.D2 (H‐2d) responded less well to therapy, and were more prone to relapse on its removal, than B10.A (H‐2a) or B10.M (H‐2f) mice. This haplotype distribution is the same as that previously reported for H‐2 linked resistance and susceptibility of similar mice to salmonellae of low virulence. The results indicate that resistance to a virulent salmonella capable of causing natural infection is influenced by genes within the MHC.
HLA EXPRESSION ON HUMAN GERMINAL CELLS
Authors: Kurpisz M. , Fernandez N. , Witt M. , Kowalik I. , Szymczynski G. A. , Festenstein H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYEjaculated human seminal plasma cells obtained from 46 healthy men and 48 infertile patients were tested for expression of HLA class I and II antigens by complement‐mediated cytotoxicity, cell‐binding radioimmunoassay (CB‐RIA), and an ELISA involving monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In a group of healthy men tested for HLA expression on human spermatozoa, 4 of 46 were positive for class I and II HLA antigens. However, the results were negative in a second examination of the same donors, possibly on account of alterations with time in the expression of various subpopulations of cells which are antigen positive or antigen negative. In a group of infertile patients, we found positive expression of HLA class I and II antigens in 7 of 48 men. The samples contained immature and mature sperm but no contaminating leucocytes or epithelial cells.