bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The zebrafish embryo as a dynamic model of anoxia tolerance
Authors: Mendelsohn Bryce A. , Kassebaum Bethany L. , Gitlin Jonathan D. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDeveloping organisms depend upon a delicate balance in the supply and demand of energy to adapt to variable oxygen availability, although the essential mechanisms determining such adaptation remain elusive. In this study, we examine reversible anoxic arrest and dynamic bioenergetic transitions during zebrafish development. Our data reveal that the duration of anoxic viability corresponds to the developmental stage and anaerobic metabolic rate. Diverse chemical inhibitors of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation induce a similar arrest in normoxic embryos, suggesting a pathway responsive to perturbations in aerobic energy production rather than molecular oxygen. Consistent with this concept, arrest is accompanied by rapid activation of the energy‐sensing AMP‐activated protein kinase pathway, demonstrating a potential link between the sensing of energy status and adaptation to oxygen availability. These observations permit mechanistic insight into energy homeostasis during development that now enable genetic and small molecule screens in this vertebrate model of anoxia tolerance. Developmental Dynamics 237:1780–1788, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and characterization of subpopulations of Pax3 and Pax7 expressing cells in developing chick somites and limb buds
Authors: Galli Lisa M. , Knight Sara R. , Barnes Tiffany L. , Doak Allison K. , Kadzik Rachel S. , Burrus Laura W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPax3 and Pax7 are closely related paired‐boxed family transcription factors that are known to play important roles in embryonic and adult myogenesis. Previous reports describing the expression of Pax3 and Pax7 transcripts reveal expression in many overlapping domains. In this manuscript, we extend these studies by examining the protein expression profiles for Pax3 and Pax7 in developing chick somites and limbs with cellular resolution. Our studies show the existence of distinct subpopulations of cells in the somite and developing limb that are defined by the relative expression levels of Pax3 and Pax7. We also show that Pax3 and Pax7 negatively regulate each other's expression in the dermomyotome, thus providing a possible mechanism for the maintenance of observed expression patterns in the dermomyotome. Further characterization of Pax3‐ and/or Pax7‐positive cells in the dermomyotome and myotome with respect to proliferation and differentiation reveals subpopulations of cells with distinct properties. Developmental Dynamics 237:1862–1874, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Psychological interventions for needle‐related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents’
Authors: van Dalen E. C. , Offringa M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThese are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Uman LS, Chambers CT, McGrath PJ, Kisely S. Psychological interventions for needle‐related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD005179. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005179.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Commentary articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Two commentaries on ‘Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis’
Authors: Vaudry Wendy , Corel Linda J. A. , de Hoog Matthijs 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: van de Beek D, de Gans J, McIntyre P, Prasad K. Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004405. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004405.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Studies on the Biosynthesis of Bovilactone‐4,4 and Related Fungal Meroterpenoids
Authors: Lang Martin , Mühlbauer Andrea , Jägers Erhard , Steglich Wolfgang 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe initial step in the biosynthesis of suillin (1), boviquinone‐4 (2) and bovilactone‐4,4 (3) in Suillus species is the geranylgeranylation of 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid at the 2‐position. Feeding experiments with advanced precursors have identified boviquinone‐4 and deacetylsuillin (9) as building blocks for the dilactone and catechol moieties, respectively, of bovilactone‐4,4 (3). In order to explain the failure of boviquinone‐4 (2) to incorporate side‐chain‐labelled deacetylsuillin (9#), an alternative sequence for the formation of 2 is proposed. During these experiments an interesting change in metabolism was noticed: after administration of larger quantities of aromatic carboxylic acids, the boviquinone‐4 present in the fruit bodies disappeared and de novo synthesis of bovilactone‐4,4 occurred. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Uncatalyzed Strecker‐Type Reaction of N,N‐Dialkylhydrazones in Pure Water
Authors: Marqués‐López Eugenia , Herrera Raquel P. , Fernández Rosario , Lassaletta José M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAldehyde and ketone N,N‐dialkylhydrazones behave as a stable class of imine surrogates exhibiting a unique reactivity in the Strecker reaction with in situ generated HCN, that proceeds in pure water in the absence of co‐solvents, catalysts or promoters. Experimental evidence suggests that the reaction is assisted by an intramolecular activation of HCN by the dialkyl amino lone pair.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A Straightforward and General Strategy Towards 1,5‐Dithio‐1‐enopyranosides
Authors: Buchotte Marie , Muzard Murielle , Plantier‐Royon Richard 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of a new class of thiosugar derivatives, 1,5‐dithio‐1‐enopyranosides, has been achieved in a two‐step sequence from easily available aldofuranoses. In the first step, a carbohydrate‐derived ketene dithioacetal was formed by Peterson olefination of an aldofuranose and a lithiated α‐silyl thioacetal. In the second step, intramolecular nucleophilic substitution of an activated hydroxy group by a sulfur atom of the ketene dithioacetal function led to the target compounds in good yields.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Combination of RCM and the Pauson–Khand Reaction: One‐Step Synthesis of Tricyclic Structures
Authors: Rosillo Marta , Arnáiz Eduardo , Abdi Delbrin , Blanco‐Urgoiti Jaime , Domínguez Gema , Pérez‐Castells Javier 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe combination of ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) followed by an intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction gives direct entry to tricyclic compounds. The RCM was carried out on a hexacarbonylcobalt‐complexed alkyne, this complex acting as a protecting group against enyne metathesis. The procedure was studied for dienynes containing heteroatoms and allows the building of [6,5,5] and [7,5,5] tricyclic systems. The feasibility of the process depends strongly on the nature of the substrate.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Benefits, variants and applications of cyclic delay diversity
Authors: Dammann Armin , Plass Simon , Sand Stephan , Raulefs Ronald 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCyclic delay diversity (CDDx) is a simple multiple antenna technologyxs which provides additional diversity in Rayleigh fading channels, and therefore, improves the system performance. We recall the principles of CDD and discuss the properties and impact of this transmit (TX) antenna diversity technology. Different applications motivate variations of the CDD principle. This variants are briefly introduced and discussed. We show the application to several types of wireless systems, in particular terrestrial digital video broadcasting, cellular mobile radio communications systems and a wireless communications system using adaptive bit loading (ABL). Simulation results highlight the benefits of CDD for these kind of systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance enhancement of spectral‐amplitude coding OCDMA system using novel PPM signalling
Authors: Cui K. , Leeson M. S. , Hines E. L. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA spectral‐amplitude coding (SAC) optical code‐division multiple‐access (OCDMA) system with M‐ary pulse‐position modulation (PPM) signalling is investigated. Novel combinatorial construction of optical signature codes is also presented, as that is applicable to both synchronous and asynchronous incoherent OCDMA. A union upper bound on the probability of error is then derived and the performance characteristics are discussed in the presence of multiple‐access interference (MAI) and intensity noise. The numerical results show that the bit‐error performance of the OCDMA system with proposed PPM coding outperforms that associated with on—off keying (OOK). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tourism in the Canary Islands: forecasting using several seasonal time series models
Authors: Gil‐Alana Luis A. , Cunado Juncal , Perez de Gracia Fernando 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with the analysis of the number of tourists travelling to the Canary Islands by means of using different seasonal statistical models. Deterministic and stochastic seasonality is considered. For the latter case, we employ seasonal unit roots and seasonally fractionally integrated models. As a final approach, we also employ a model with possibly different orders of integration at zero and the seasonal frequencies. All these models are compared in terms of their forecasting ability in an out‐of‐sample experiment. The results in the paper show that a simple deterministic model with seasonal dummy variables and AR(1) disturbances produce better results than other approaches based on seasonal fractional and integer differentiation over short horizons. However, increasing the time horizon, the results cannot distinguish between the model based on seasonal dummies and another using fractional integration at zero and the seasonal frequencies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐term variability in isotopic composition of precipitation: A case study from the Midwestern United States
Authors: Iqbal M. Z. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOxygen and deuterium isotopes in precipitation were analysed to define local isotopic trends in Iowa, US. The area is far inland from an oceanic source and the observed averages of δ18O and δ D are − 6·43‰ and − 41·35‰ for Ames, − 7·53‰ and − 51·33‰ for Cedar Falls, and − 6·01‰ and − 38·19‰ for Iowa City, respectively. Although these data generally follow global trends, they are different when compared to a semi‐arid mid‐continental location in North Platt, Nebraska. The local meteoric water lines of Iowa are δ D = 7·68 δ18O + 8·0 for Ames, δ D = 7·62 δ18O + 6·07 for Cedar Falls, and δ D = 7·78 δ18O + 8·61 for Iowa City. The current Iowa study compares well with a study conducted in Ames, Iowa, 10 years earlier. The differences between Iowa and Nebraska studies are attributed to a variable climate across the northern Great Plains ranging from sub‐humid in the east to semi‐arid in the west. Iowa being further east in the region is more strongly influenced by a moist sub‐humid to humid climate fed by the tropical air stream from the Gulf of Mexico. The average d‐excess values are 10·06‰ for Ames, 8·92‰ for Cedar Falls and 9·92‰ for Iowa City. Eighty seven percent of the samples are within the global d‐excess range of 0‰ and 20‰. The results are similar to previous studies, including those by National Atmospheric Deposition Programs and International Atomic Energy Agency. It appears that the impact of recycled water or secondary evaporation on δ18O values of area precipitation is minimal. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐step in situ synthesis and characterization of sponge‐like porous calcium phosphate scaffolds using a sol–gel and gel casting hybrid process
Authors: Wang Jianxin , Zhao Huichuan , Zhou Shaobing , Lu Xiong , Feng Bo , Duan Caihong , Weng Jie 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this article, a novel strategy to prepare porous calcium phosphate ceramics using a sol–gel and gel‐casting hybrid process is presented. The ceramic foams obtained using this method exhibited sponge‐like structure with uniform big pores and small pores distributed on the big pore walls. The sizes of big and small pores were within 500–800 and 50–300 μm, respectively. These kinds of porous calcium phosphate ceramics have shown better property in withstanding machining and better microstructures characterized by a very high degree of interconnection and optimal pore size for osteoconduction compared with those conventionally fabricated. The signification or importance of this study is reflected by one‐step in situ synthesis and the use of a sol–gel and gel casting hybrid process. Organic monomers, foaming agents, and surfactants are not required during this novel porous ceramic fabrication. The precursors themselves act as monomers, foaming agents, and surfactants. These advantages will offer a cheap and simple pathway for industrial manufacture. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Protein structure and dynamics studied by mass spectrometry: H/D exchange, hydroxyl radical labeling, and related approaches
Authors: Konermann Lars , Tong Xin , Pan Yan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS) plays a central role in studies on protein structure and dynamics. This review highlights some of the recent developments in this area, with focus on applications involving the use of electrospray ionization (ESI) MS. Although this technique involves the transformation of analytes into highly nonphysiological species (desolvated gas‐phase ions in the vacuum), ESI–MS can provide detailed insights into the solution‐phase behavior of proteins. Notably, the ionization process itself occurs in a structurally sensitive manner. An increased degree of solution‐phase unfolding is correlated with a higher level of protonation. Also, ESI allows the transfer of intact noncovalent complexes into the gas phase, thereby yielding information on binding partners, stoichiometries, and even affinities. A particular focus of this article is the use of hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) methods and hydroxyl radical (·OH) labeling for monitoring dynamic and structural aspect of solution‐phase proteins. Conceptual similarities and differences between the two methods are discussed. We describe a simple method for the computational simulation of protein HDX patterns, a tool that can be helpful for the interpretation of isotope exchange data recorded under mixed EX1/EX2 conditions. Important aspects of ·OH labeling include a striking dependence on protein concentration, and the tendency of commonly used solvent additives to act as highly effective radical scavengers. If not properly controlled, both of these factors may lead to experimental artifacts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms regulating ApTrkl, a Trk‐like receptor in Aplysia sensory neurons
Authors: Nagakura Ikue , Ormond Jake , Sossin Wayne S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAn Aplysia Trk‐like receptor (ApTrkl) was previously shown to be involved in cell wide long‐term facilitation (LTF) and activation of ERK when serotonin (5‐HT) is applied to the cell soma. The current study investigated the regulation of ApTrkl by overexpressing the receptor and several variants in Aplysia sensory neuron cultures. Kinase activity–dependent constitutive activation of ApTrkl was observed mainly on the plasma membrane. These studies revealed two modes of receptor internalization: (1) kinase activity–dependent internalization and (2) 5‐HT‐dependent, kinase activity–independent internalization. Both modes of internalization were ligand independent, and the action of 5‐HT was mediated through G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). On the other hand, methiothepin, an inverse agonist of 5‐HT GPCRs activated endogenous ApTrkl to the same extent as 5‐HT, suggesting a transactivation mechanism due to a novel coupling of GPCRs to receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation that is also activated through inverse agonist binding. The neuropeptide sensorin could transiently activate ApTrkl but was not required for 5‐HT‐induced ApTrkl activation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of near‐surface diurnal temperature variations and trends in southern Mexico
Authors: Peralta‐Hernandez Ana Rosa , Balling Jr Robert C. , Barba‐Martinez Luis R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe assembled daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature and precipitation records for 143 stations in southern Mexico over the period 1960–2004. We found that the average temperature for the region has increased linearly at a rate of 0.086 °C per decade with maximum temperatures increasing at twice that rate and minimum temperatures basically remaining unchanged. This results in a highly statistically significant increase in the diurnal temperature range of 0.160 °C per decade. We found that the variations and trends in maximum temperatures, minimum temperatures and the diurnal temperature range were generally unrelated to various measures of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Variations in regional precipitation amounts could explain 22.6% of the monthly variations in the diurnal temperature range, but not the trend over the 1960–2004 time period. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Role of predictors in downscaling surface temperature to river basin in India for IPCC SRES scenarios using support vector machine
Authors: Anandhi Aavudai , Srinivas V. V. , Kumar D. Nagesh , Nanjundiah Ravi S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this paper, downscaling models are developed using a support vector machine (SVM) for obtaining projections of monthly mean maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmax and Tmin) to river‐basin scale. The effectiveness of the model is demonstrated through application to downscale the predictands for the catchment of the Malaprabha reservoir in India, which is considered to be a climatically sensitive region. The probable predictor variables are extracted from (1) the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis dataset for the period 1978–2000, and (2) the simulations from the third‐generation Canadian Coupled Global Climate Model (CGCM3) for emission scenarios A1B, A2, B1 and COMMIT for the period 1978–2100. The predictor variables are classified into three groups, namely A, B and C. Large‐scale atmospheric variables such as air temperature, zonal and meridional wind velocities at 925 mb which are often used for downscaling temperature are considered as predictors in Group A. Surface flux variables such as latent heat (LH), sensible heat, shortwave radiation and longwave radiation fluxes, which control temperature of the Earth's surface are tried as plausible predictors in Group B. Group C comprises of all the predictor variables in both the Groups A and B. The scatter plots and cross‐correlations are used for verifying the reliability of the simulation of the predictor variables by the CGCM3 and to study the predictor‐predictand relationships. The impact of trend in predictor variables on downscaled temperature was studied. The predictor, air temperature at 925 mb showed an increasing trend, while the rest of the predictors showed no trend. The performance of the SVM models that are developed, one for each combination of predictor group, predictand, calibration period and location‐based stratification (land, land and ocean) of climate variables, was evaluated. In general, the models which use predictor variables pertaining to land surface improved the performance of SVM models for downscaling Tmax and Tmin. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Fresh bone marrow introduction into porous scaffolds using a simple low‐pressure loading method for effective osteogenesis in a rabbit model
Authors: Yoshii Toshitaka , Sotome Shinichi , Torigoe Ichiro , Tsuchiya Akio , Maehara Hidetsugu , Ichinose Shizuko , Shinomiya Kenichi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractRecent advances in tissue engineering techniques have allowed porous biomaterials to be combined with osteogenic cells for effective bone regeneration. We developed a simple low‐pressure cell‐loading method using only syringes and stopcocks, and examined the effect of this method on osteogenesis when applied to the combination of highly porous β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) and fresh autologous bone marrow. Both block and granule β‐TCP scaffolds were used to prepare implants in three different ways: without bone marrow as a control, with bone marrow that was allowed to penetrate spontaneously under atmospheric pressure (AP group), and with bone marrow that was seeded under low pressure (ULP group). These implants were transplanted into rabbit intramuscular sites, and the samples were examined biologically and histologically. The penetration efficiency of the block implants after marrow introduction was significantly higher in the ULP group than in the AP group. In the transplanted block samples, alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher in the ULP group at 2 weeks after implantation, and significantly more newly formed bone was observed in the ULP group at both 5 and 10 weeks compared with the AP group. Similar results were observed even in the experiment using β‐TCP granules, which are smaller than the blocks and frequently used clinically. Because of its convenience and safety, this low‐pressure method might be a novel, effective treatment to promote osteogenesis with bone marrow in clinical bone reconstruction surgeries. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1–7, 2009
Mechanical overload decreases the thermal stability of collagen in an in vitro tensile overload tendon model
Authors: Willett Thomas L. , Labow Rosalind S. , Lee J. Michael 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMusculoskeletal soft tissue injuries are very common, yet poorly understood. We investigated molecular‐level changes in collagen caused by tensile overload of bovine tail tendons in vitro. Previous investigators concluded that tensile tendon rupture resulted in collagen denaturation, but our study suggests otherwise. Based on contemporary collagen biophysics, we hypothesized that tensile overload would lead to reduced thermal stability without change in the nativity of the molecular conformation. The thermal behavior of collagen from tail tendons ruptured in vitro at two strain rates (0.01 s−1 and 10 s−1) was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The 1,000‐fold difference in strain rate was used since molecular mechanisms that determine mechanical behavior are thought to be strain rate‐dependent. DSC revealed that the collagen in tensile overloaded tendons was less thermally stable by 3° to 5°C relative to undamaged controls and was not denatured since there was no change in enthalpy of denaturation. The decrease in thermal stability occurred throughout the overloaded regions, independent of rupture site, and was greater in specimens ruptured at the lower strain rate. The deformation mechanism apparently involves disruption of the lattice structure of the collagen fibrils and greatly increases the molecular freedom of the collagen molecules, leading to reduced thermal molecular stability and the previously reported increased proteolysis. This has important implications for understanding soft tissue injuries, disease etiology and treatment, and for developing tissue engineered products with improved durability. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res