bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhodolith facies evolution and burial as a response to Holocene transgression at the Pontian Islands shelf break
Authors: Basso Daniela , Morbioli Claudia , Corselli Cesare 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Cool to periglacial conditions, accompanied by a sea-level drop, are thought to result in an unchanged composition and ecological meaning of the rhodalgal carbonates, which occur frequently in the present-day, current-swept areas of the Mediterranean upper shelf. Form, internal structure and species composition of rhodoliths are believd to reflect the environmental conditions present in their biotope. To test these hypotheses, the relationship between rhodolith facies and sea-level rise was investigated in four cores recovered at the Pontian Islands (Tyrrhenian Sea) shelf break. The core basal intervals have been AMS radiocarbon dated, providing uncalibrated ages ranging from 10 040 ± 50 years
bp
to 10 380 ± 50 years
bp
. All four cores show a transition from basal rhodolith-rich, biodetritic, muddy-gravelly sand to rhodolith-barren, silty sand or sandy mud, along a deepening-upward succession. A facies of coralline-coated fragments of bryozoan colonies has been identified above the rhodolith facies as the deepest coralline growth form in all cores, before the final burial. Molluscan associations and rhodolith abundance, morphology and composition are ecologically compatible with the embedding sediment and testify the transition from the late Pleistocene circalittoral coastal detritic or shelf-edge detritic assemblages at the base of cores, up to the present-day bathyal muds. In the late Pleistocene and Holocene, as at present, the Pantine shelf was characterized by a low sedimentary input under moderate current action, fostering deep coralline growth.
Lithofacies and dynamics of a cool-water carbonate seaway: mid-Tertiary, Te Kuiti Group, New Zealand
Authors: Anastas Alexis S. , Dalrymple Robert W. , James Noel P. , Nelson Campbell S. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The Waimai, Orahiri and Otorohanga limestones of the upper Eocene to lowermost Miocene Te Kuiti Group, North Island, New Zealand, provide examples of cool-water carbonate sedimentation within seaways. The limestones are dominated by grainstones and packstones, and contain abundant bryozoans, benthic foraminifers and echinoderm fragments, with only small amounts of siliciclastic material. Horizontally bedded and cross-bedded lithofacies represent sedimentation in wave-dominated and current-dominated settings, respectively; biostrome lithofacies are less abundant and tend to be associated with the current-generated deposits. The migration of dune fields and the associated biostromes generate laterally restricted cyclic alternations of lithofacies. Stratigraphic partitioning of cross-bedded and wave-dominated lithofacies demonstrate that the Te Kuiti seaway alternated between current-dominated, wave-dominated and mixed-energy conditions. Eustatically and/or tectonically produced changes in water depth had the most important influence, with current-dominated conditions prevailing when water depth was optimal to allow flow acceleration through the seaway. Wave-dominated or mixed-energy conditions prevailed when water depth was less or more than this optimum depth. Mixed-energy conditions were most prevalent in widest seaways. The controls on seaway sedimentation inferred have application to other carbonate and siliciclastic seaway successions.
The meteorite collection of the National Museum of Natural History in Paris, France
Authors: Caillet Komorowski Catherine L.V. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The French national meteorite collection of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) represents one of the richest collections in the world in terms of its historical heritage and scientific value, particularly for samples of observed falls (512). In fact, early meteoritic research was dominated by French 18th and 19th century scientists such as René Just Haüy, Auguste Daubrée, Stanislas Meunier and Alfred Lacroix. They all contributed, along with Jean Orcel and Paul Pellas in the last 80 years, to form this exceptional collection. The fall at L’Aigle in 1803 led to the recognition of the nature of meteorites and the promotion of the science of meteoritics by Jean-Baptiste Biot. The first catalogue of the meteorite collection elaborated by Cordier in 1837 contained 43 specimens. The collection now contains about 3385 specimens representing 1343 distinct meteorites, to which can be added at least 3000 tektites and numerous specimens of impactites, casts, artificial samples and thin sections. France has the greatest number of meteorite falls by surface unit and by number of inhabitants, with 70 distinct meteorite falls recovered. The collection offers a diverse range of meteorites such as those containing rare presolar grains, the famous carbonaceous chondrite Orgueil (fall, 14 May 1864), the first martian meteorite, Chassigny (fall, 3 October 1815) and Ensisheim (fall, 7 November 1492), which is one of the two oldest observed and documented meteorites and the first meteorite to be registered in the catalogue. The MNHN collection represents a resource that is particularly appreciated by the scientific community.
A review of the non-destructive identification of diverse geomaterials in the cultural heritage using different configurations of Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Smith David C. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Non-destructive Raman microscopy (RM) applied to geomaterials in the cultural heritage is reviewed by means of explaining selected examples representative of the different kinds of geomaterials that can be characterized and of the different kinds of analytical configuration that can be employed. To explain the versatility and considerable analytical potential of RM that result from its unique combination of capabilities, the first sections summarize the theory and practice of the method and its advantages and disadvantages. The most modern configurations (mobile RM (MRM) and ultra-mobile RM; micromapping and imaging; telescopy) are described. Applications in the new age of ‘don’t move it, don’t even touch it’ archaeometry have previously been classified into 10 domains, seven of which concern geomaterials: gems; rocks; ceramics; corroded metals; coloured vitreous materials; and mineral pigments on an inorganic or organic substrate. The representative examples here include all these domains and cover the time range from Prehistoric through Egyptian, Roman, Meso-American, Medieval, Chinese, Renaissance and Mogul cultures to modern colouring of glass and a contemporaneous simulation of submarine archaeology.
Provenance and technology of Apulian Neolithic pottery
Authors: Laviano Rocco , Muntoni Italo M. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Apulia is the best-represented region in Italy as far as archaeometric analyses of Neolithic pottery are concerned. Cross-checked use of petrological (optical microscopy), mineralogical (X-ray powder diffraction) and chemical analyses (X-ray fluorescence) have been performed, in the Dipartimento Geomineralogico of Bari University, on 375 Early to Late Neolithic (from the seventh to the fourth millennium
bc
) pottery samples from the Tavoliere and Murge areas. A correlated analysis of 134 samples of the main clayey deposits of the two areas was also conducted. Generally local clays were used and, in some cases, the exploitation of a range of different local fabrics has been verified. In Middle Neolithic sites, the use of non-local clay, probably imported, has been also determined. Few finished pots were actually exchanged at an inter-site scale during the Neolithic. Preparation of raw materials has shown different choices followed by ancient potters. Clays are usually more or less refined and the use of mineral temper such as sand, quartz, calcite and grog has been found. The maximum temperature reached during firing is usually between 600–700 and 850 °C. For some Middle Neolithic fine painted pottery higher temperatures have been suggested (between 850 and 1050 °C), revealing a better firing control and the use of kilns.
The ceramic technology used in the manufacture of Iron Age pottery from Galilee
Authors: Shoval Shlomo , Beck Pirhiyah , Yadin Esther 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The Iron Age ceramic technology used in the manufacture of functional pottery from Galilee was studied. Applied methods included petrography, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and chemical analyses. The results demonstrate that the potters in biblical times had knowledge of raw materials and manufacturing technologies, enabling them to select suitable ones, according to their advantages, for the manufacture of cooking pots, storage jars and tableware vessels. The paper describes the petrography of the pottery, the composition of the ceramic matrix, the firing temperature, the tempering of the cooking pots, the processes that allow consolidation of the ceramic and the origin of the pottery. The results are placed in an archaeological context.
Chemical and mineralogical investigations of majolicas (16th–19th centuries) from Laterza, southern Italy
Authors: Dell’Aquila C. , Laviano R. , Vurro F. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Laterza (southern Italy) was the most important town for the manufacture of Apulian majolica ceramic from the 16th century until the end of the 18th century. The Laterza majolicas have previously been subjected to only preliminary analyses. This study extends the archaeometric knowledge of the Laterza productions with mineralogical, petrographical and chemical characterizations of ceramic body, glazed coating and pigments of the majolica. A number of 16th to 19th century pottery and tile fragments of majolica have been studied and compared with clay from local and surrounding deposits. Analyses were carried out by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive spectrometry, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma. A purification process of the raw material is suggested and for some fragments, doubtfully attributed to Laterza, a different place of manufacture. Slip (‘ingobbio’) was never found under the glaze. Si, Pb and Sn are confirmed as the principal elements in the tin-glazed coatings. The differences in the glaze opacity were attributed to different manufacturing techniques and not simply the quantity of tin. The orange-yellow colour is due to a Sb-Pb compound; black to Ni with a lower amount of Co, Fe and Sb; blue to Co, As, Fe and Ni; and Mn is the pigment of the violet-brown.
Obsidian localization and circulation in northwestern Patagonia (Argentina): sources and archaeological record
Authors: Bellelli C. , Pereyra F. X. , Carballido M. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The objectives of the current research are to characterize obsidian sources and lithic archaeological remains in two areas of NW Patagonia, so as to establish spatial distribution and network circulation patterns. Obsidian tools and remains were found in archaeological contexts dated back 3200 years and up to the 16th–18th centuries. Geological and artefact sample rocks were analysed by instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma emission mass spectrometry. Four potential sources were detected (Sacanana, Angostura Blanca, Portada Covunco and Laguna La Larga). Obsidians in the region appear to be related to two petrotectonic associations: (1) an arc source, located in the western part of Argentina and Chile, of Plio-Pleistocene age; (2) an intraplate and back-arc source, located in the North Patagonian Massif, east of the studied area, of Miocene age. The latter, because of the higher frequency of tools and remains that appear in archaeological context, seems to be more intensively used. Some hypotheses about obsidian circulation patterns, the mobility of northern Patagonia hunter-gatherers, and landscape occupation throughout the last 3200 years are outlined based on the results obtained in this work.
Geological tools to interpret Scottish medieval carved sculpture: combined petrological and magnetic susceptibility analysis
Authors: Miller Suzanne , McGibbon Fiona M. , Caldwell David H. , Ruckley Nigel A. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Geological surveys of 172 early and late medieval sculptured stones from central and western Scotland have been undertaken to determine the provenance of the materials used. Non-destructive petrological studies (including grain size, mineralogy distribution, and textural and structural characteristics) and magnetic susceptibility measurements are used to characterize the sculptured stones and potential source material. The results indicate that for the early medieval sculpture: (1) all the sculptured stones are sandstone with the exception of one siltstone and one granite; (2) the sedimentary rocks are consistent with sources in the Lower Old Red Sandstone of the area; (3) from within the Lower Old Red Sandstone, a number of different geological units have been used. For the late medieval sculpture, the results indicate that: (1) various rock types have been used including schist, slate and sandstone; (2) non-locally derived material is used extensively in some areas, suggesting a more developed network for procurement of raw materials. The analytical techniques used also provide additional information in the art historical interpretation of a number of carved stones by identifying carved fragments from the same monument.
Identification, characterization and weathering of the stones used in medieval religious architecture in L’Aquila (Italy)
Authors: Quaresima R. , Giampaolo C. , Spernanzoni F. , Volpe R. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
In the city of L’Aquila the historical and artistic significance and the density of religious buildings is notable. From the 11th to the 19th century the ornamental stones quarried in the surroundings of L’Aquila have been used for religious architecture, civil artefacts and buildings of great artistic and historical relevance. Great emphasis has been placed on the recognition of ancient quarries where these ornamental stones were carved. In this paper the petrographical, physical, mechanical and technological characteristics of the limestones and marly limestones sampled in the quarries are reported. The main characteristics will be discussed and correlated to the decay forms, with the aim of achieving a general strategic approach based on a diagnostic phase and an application phase.
Palaeoclimate analysis of Late Cretaceous angiosperm leaf floras, James Ross Island, Antarctica
Authors: Hayes Peta A. , Francis Jane E. , Cantrill David J. , Crame J. Alistair 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The fossilized remains of Cretaceous angiosperm leaves are preserved within sandstones and siltstones of the Coniacian Hidden Lake Formation (Gustav Group) and the Santonian-early Campanian Santa Marta Formation (Marambio Group) in the James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula region. The leaves represent the remains of vegetation that grew at approximately 65°S on an emergent volcanic arc, now represented by the Antarctic Peninsula, and were subsequently transported and buried in marine sediments in the adjacent back-arc basin. Some of the angiosperm leaf morphotypes show similarities to leaves of living families such as Sterculiaceae, Lauraceae, Winteraceae, Cunoniaceae and Myrtaceae. Palaeoclimate analysis based on physiognomic aspects of the leaves, such as leaf-margin analysis, indicates that the mean annual temperatures for the Hidden Lake and Santa Marta formations were 13–21 °C (mean 17 °C) and 15–23 °C (mean 19 °C), respectively. The fossil plants are indicative of warm climates without extended periods of winter temperatures below freezing and with adequate moisture for growth. This period of Cretaceous warmth in Antarctica corresponds with the Cretaceous thermal maximum, an interval of peak global warmth from the Turonian to the early Campanian.
Cretaceous and Cenozoic vegetation of Antarctica integrating the fossil wood record
Authors: Poole Imogen , Cantrill David J. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

A compilation of data for Cretaceous and Cenozoic Antarctic fossil wood floras, predominantly from the James Ross Island Basin, provides a different perspective on floristic and vegetation change when compared with previous studies that have focused on leaf macrofossils or palynology. The wood record provides a filtered view of tree-forming elements within the vegetation, something that cannot be achieved from studies focusing on regional palynology or leaf floras. Four phases of vegetation development in the over-storey are recognized in the Cretaceous and Cenozoic of the Antarctic Peninsula based on the distribution and taxonomic composition of wood floras: Aptian-Albian coniferous forests; ?Cenomanian-Santonian mixed angiosperm forests; Campanian-Maastrichtian southern temperate forests; and Palaeocene-Eocene reduced diversity
Nothofagus
forests. Comparisons between the wood record and information derived from palynological and leaf floras have important implications for our understanding of the spatial composition of the vegetation. There is no doubt that climate change during the Cretaceous and Tertiary influenced the vegetational composition, but evolving palaeoenvironments in the Antarctic Peninsula region were probably of equal, if not greater, importance.
Palaeobiological significance of high-latitude Late Cretaceous vertebrate fossils from the James Ross Basin, Antarctica
Authors: Martin James E. , Crame J. Alistair 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
A diverse marine assemblage of vertebrate fossils has been collected in recent years under the auspices of the British Antarctic Survey from Seymour, James Ross and Vega islands east of the Antarctic Peninsula. The specimens were derived from the Late Campanian Santa Marta Formation, Early Maastrichtian Snow Hill Island Formation and the Early-Late Maastrichtian López de Bertodano Formation. Sharks, teleosts, plesiosaurs and mosasaurs are represented, but birds and sea turtles are absent from the BAS collections; neornithine birds have been previously reported from the Late Cretaceous deposits of Antarctica. Shark teeth are relatively abundant, but teleosts are seemingly under-represented. Plesiosaurs (Elasmosauridae) are more abundant and complete than mosasaurs, and juveniles of both marine reptile groups are relatively common. The marine lizards, mosasaurs, are taxonomically diverse as elsewhere in the world, but with relatively few individuals compared to the plesiosaurs, which are taxonomically limited. A converse relationship normally occurs at other lower latitude Late Cretaceous localities. Some of these abundances and appearances may be due to collection bias, particularly due to difficult collecting conditions and weathering, but certain distributions may be the result of high latitudes.
Stratigraphy, correlations and palaeogeography of Palaeozoic terranes of Bulgaria and NW Turkey: a review of recent data
Authors: Yanev S. , Göncüoğlu M. C. , Gedik I. , Lakova I. , Boncheva I. , Sachanski V. , Okuyucu C. , Özgül N. , Timur E. , Maliakov Y. , Saydam G. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Within the Alpine tectonic units SE of the European Variscan Orogenic Belt in Bulgaria and NW Turkey several crustal blocks are identified. Although their contact relations with surrounding units are obscured by Alpine events, the differences in the succession of events, stratigraphy, sedimentology and palaeobiogeographical distribution within them permits recognition of the Moesian, Balkan, Istanbul and Zonguldak Terranes. The Moesian terrane corresponds to the pre-Variscan Palaeozoic and Neoproterozoic rocks of the Moesian microplate in north Bulgaria and south Romania. The Balkan Terrane in Bulgaria incorporates Neoproteozoic and Palaeozoic sequences in the Western Balkanides (part of the Carpathian-Balkan orogen) and another three allochthonous units (Kraishte, Central Balkanides and Strandzhides). In NW Anatolia in Turkey, the Caledonian basement and Ordovician to Carboniferous sedimentary succession are divided into the Istanbul Terrane and the Zonguldak Terrane. With the exception of the Moesian Terrane in the Bulgarian area, they all comprise a Cadomian basement with relicts of oceanic lithosphere, volcanic arc and a continental crust of unknown affinity. Based on characteristic features within their Palaeozoic successions, there terranes are correlated with the main terrane assemblages in Central and Eastern Europe. It is suggested that they all are of peri-Gondwanan origin but behaved independently while drifting towards Laurussia. During the Early Devonian the Zonguldak Terrane docked to Baltica, whereas the others were still at similar palaeolatitudes to the Central European terranes (e.g. Saxo-Thuringian). This was followed by the successive accretion of the Moesian Terrane to Laurussia along the Rhenohercynian suture at the end of Devonian-Early Carboniferous and of the Balkan and Istanbul Terranes the Early and Late Carboniferous.
Evolution of Early Mesozoic back-arc basins in the Black Sea-Caucasus segment of a Tethyan active margin
Authors: Kazmin V. G. , Tikhonova N. F. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Six new reconstructions illustrate the evolution of back-arc basins in the Black Sea-Caucasus region from the Mid-Triassic to the end of the Mid-Jurassic. The
c.
2000 km long Tauric (Küre) basin opened in the Late Permian-Early Triassic as the Pontides-Transcaucasus and Rhodope microcontinents rifted from the Eurasian margin. The oceanic floor of the Tauric basin in the Mid-Triassic was at least 300 km wide. In the east the basin closed near the present-day Caspian Sea and to the west of the West Crimea transform it split into two branches to the south and north of the Moesian platform. The Tauric basin was partly inverted in the Carnian, when several Gondwanian terranes (Iran, South Armenia) collided with the Palaeotethyan subduction zone. Following the initiation of a new subduction zone, the back-arc extension resumed in the Norian-Early Jurassic. Opening of the Izmir-Ankara-Sevan back-arc basin commenced south of the Pontides-Transcaucasus. Simultaneously, rifting began in the Greater Caucasus and continued until the Early Pliensbachian. This was followed by the continental break-up in the Late Pliensbachian-Toarcian. A narrow (100–150 km) strip of oceanic crust had formed by the beginning of the Aalenian. In the Late Aalenian a southward-migrating subduction zone at the southern margin of the Izmir-Ankara-Sevan basin had reached the central part of Neo-Tethys and presumably collided with a mid-oceanic ridge. Subduction was blocked and Africa-Eurasia convergence was compensated by inversion in the Tauric and Greater Caucasus basins. The basins were closed by the end of the Bathonian.