bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteomorphological Features of the Appendicular Skeleton of Gazelles, Genus Gazella Blainville 1816, Bohor Reedbuck, Redunca redunca (Pallas, 1767) and Bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus (Pallas, 1766)
Authors: Peters J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryExamined the osteomorphological features of the appendicular skeleton of Grant's gazelle (Gazella granti), bohor reedbuck (Redunca redunca) and bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus). Osseous remains of these medium sized antelopes are often encountered in African late Quaternary archaeological sites, but their specific identification poses considerable problems to the archaeozoologist.A key has been developed to meet this recurrent problem and a number of diagnostic osteomorphological features, allowing a distinction between the bovids mentioned, are established.The osteomorphological characteristics, typical for Grant's gazelle have also been observed in the eight other extant African gazelles and in two Asian species, the goitred gazelle (Gazella subgutterosa) and the mountain gazelle (Gazella gazella).
Histological Studies on the Endocrine Pancreas in the Dog
Authors: Watanabe S. , Wakuri H. , Mutoh K. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryBased on histological structure and cellular formation of the endocrine pancreas (pars endocrina pancreatis) (PEP) or pancreatic islet (insulae pancreaticae), was divided into two types in the dog.One type of PEP was the islet of Langerhans. In the glandular lobule, the islet was surrounded by exocrine acini.The other type of PEP, in general exhibited a feature of a neuro‐insular complex. It was found within the interlobular connective tissue of the pancreas. This type of PEP was attached to a nerve bundle or ganglion. In the pancreas of the immature dog, a large population of endocrine cells were recognized to form a blood islet within the neuro‐insular complex.
Atresia of the Right Atrioventricular Orifice with Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries in a Horse
Authors: Zamora C. S. , Vitums A. , Nyrop K. A. , Sande R. D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe heart of a 6‐week old Arabian filly with a history of poor health and exercise intolerance revealed at postmortem examination, multiple cardiac malformations which included atresia of the right atrioventricular orifice (tricuspid atresia, with associated atrial and ventricular septal defects), complete transposition of the great arteries, anomalous drainage of the venae cavae and coronary sinus into the left atrium, coarctation of the aorta, and a small but patent ductus arteriosus. The course of blood through the heart was suggested and discussed.
Normal Phagocytic Capacity of Macrophages Isolated from Different Canine Organs
Authors: Portiansky Enrique Leo , Castellano María Cecilia 
Published: June 2007

SummaryConventional methods used in laboratory animals for collection of resident macrophages (MAC) proved suitable for isolation of hepatic, splenic, dermic, peritoneal and alveolar MAC of healthy dogs.Phagocytic assays of IgG opsonised SRBC were performed with resident MAC obtained from these organs. Results showed the existence of statistically significant differences among phagocytic capacity of the investigated MAC. According to this, three groups of MAC could be defined: a first group comprising dermic, splenic and alveolar MAC; a second group comprising hepatic MAC and a third group comprising peritoneal MAC.
Histology, Ultrastructure and Carbohydrate Histochemistry of Pig Carpal Glands
Authors: Gargiulo Anna Maria , Pedini Vera , Ceccarelli Piero 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe morphological differences between two types of secretory cells (clear and dark) from pig carpal glands were examined. The main difference is the presence in the dark cells of secretory granules of moderate electron density, made up of acidic and neutral glycoproteins. The possible functional purposes of the carpal glands and of glycogen present in both cell types are also discussed.
Structure of the Carotid Sinus of the Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Abdel‐Magied E. M. , Drommer W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe morphology of the terminal segment of the common carotid artery of the camel was studied. It was found that this artery terminated by giving off a patent internal carotid artery and continuing as the external carotid artery. A pesumptive carotid sinus was present at the region of origin of the internal carotid. Similar to that of other mammals, the carotid sinus of the camel was characterized by a comparatively thin vascular wall rich in elastic fibres. With the electron microscope free (non‐encapsulated) afferent endings, efferent endings, encapsulated axons and bundles of unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibres were found in the wall of the presumptive carotid sinus. The free afferent endings closely resembled baroreceptor endings of the carotid sinus of other mammalian species in their mitochondrial content and the presence of abnormal organelles such as lamellar bodies, vesicular mitochondria and dense bodies. They were regarded as slowly adapting baroreceptors. The presumptive efferent endings were considered adrenergic whereas the encapsulated axons were thought to be the proximal parts of encapsulated sensory nerve endings.
Über das Auftreten von Blutgefäßen in den Oberflächenschichten des Gelenkknorpels bei Rinderfeten*
Authors: Loeffler K. , Holtzmann M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryOn the occurrence of blood vessels in the superficial layers of articular cartilage in bovine fetusesThe occurrence of vascular networks in the superficial layers of articular cartilage of 51 bovine fetuses (10 – 93 cm CRL) and 3 calves was studied grossly and histologically. The networks were found regularly on the incisura trochlearis of the ulna, on the trochlea of the radius and talus, on the plantar articular surface of the head of the talus, on the proximal articular surface of the fused central and 4th tarsal bones, and less regularly on the articular surfaces of the distal phalanx and distal sesamoid (navicular) bone and on the cochlea of the tibia. The vessels coursed in the superficial stratum of the articular cartilage and were encountered in those places where later fossae synoviales or nudatae are found. The vessels were not present in the calves.
Descriptive and Comparative Myology of the Forelimb of the Babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa L. 1758)
Authors: Kneepkens Albert F. L. M. , Badoux Dick M. , MacDonald Alastair A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA description is given of the anatomy of the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the forelimb of the babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa, L. 1758). Three adult animals, two males and a female were dissected and the results compared with the previously published information. Significant differences were found between the accounts, and these were analysed within the contexts of material availability and advances in anatomical nomenclature. Comparisons made with published descriptions of the pig (Sus scrofa) showed that the muscular anatomies of the two species are very similar. Four structures are present in the babirusa but not in the pig; the M. pronator teres is completely tendinous, a tendon branch from the Caput craniale m. extensor digitorum lateralis anastomoses with the tendon of the Caput intermedium m. extensor digitorum communis to the fourth digit, there is an additional small deep portion of the M. supraspinatus and a bundle of fibres from the M. pectoralis profundus inserts on the Intersectio clavicularis. Four structures present in the pig but not the babirusa are an additional insertion from the M. cleido‐occipitalis into the raphe of the neck, and extra medial insertion of the M. infraspinatus, the accessory tendinous origin of the M. flexor digitorum profundus and the ulnar head of the M. flexor carpi ulnaris.
Duodenal Glands of the Pony (Equus caballus)
Authors: Takehana K. , Masty J. , Abe M. , Yamaguchi M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe ultrastructure and histochemistry of the duodenal glands of the pony (Equus caballus) was examined in four horses. Unlike that of most species except for the rabbit, the submucous glands of the horse contain two distinct cell types, serous and mucous. These cells are described.
Left Cranial Vena Cava in a Horse
Authors: Cox V. S. , Weber A. F. , Lima A. de 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA complete left cranial vena cava (LCVC) was found in a normal horse. The LCVC was well developed, but there was a complete absence of the right cranial vena cava. The azygous vein was normally distributed on the right side of the thoracic vertebral bodies but passed ventral to the aortic arch to empty into the cranial vena cava on the left close to the origin of the aortic arch. The LCVC passed over the dorsal aspect of the left atrium to reach the coronary sulcus on the caudal aspect of the heart. The LCVC opened into the right atrium via a 5 cm diameter orifice (orifice of coronary sinus). The vena cordis magna joined the LCVC 6 cm from the orifice of the coronary sinus. Complete dissection of the horse revealed no other developmental abnormalities. This case is compared with similar cases in the literature.
A Combination Histochemical Stain for Equine Muscle
Authors: Troyer D. L. , Oyster R. O. , Hunt M. C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to find a combination histochemical staining technique for the evaluation of equine skeletal muscle that is reliable and effective, while offering a substantial reduction in the labor and cost involved with currently used individual histochemical methods. Several combinations undere varying conditions of pH were studied. The most uniform results were obtained using an acid preincubation step at an optimal pH of 4.2 followed by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide‐tetrazolium reductase (NADH‐TR) and the remainder of the acid–ATPase procedure.
Development of the Bovine Duodenum with Reference to Enterochromaffin cells
Authors: Totzauer Ines 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe present light microscopic study describes the morphological changes which occur in the duodenal mucosa of the bovine fetus from the third month of gestation until birth with regard to the sequence of appearance and morphology of enterochromaffin cells. The mucosa of the duodenum is prepared for digestive activity during the first months of development. This becomes obvious in the early differentiation of the fetal intestinal mucosa. The enterocytes in villus epithelium contain glycogen in the early months. These glycogen pools seem to shrink during the following months. They may provide a metabolic reserve for the fetus, which derives ail of its nutrition from carbohydrates. Enterochromaffin cells appear in the three month old bovine fetus with two cell‐types situated in the epithelial lining of crypts and villi. The density of enterochromaffin cells increases during gestation. There were no findings to indicate that the fetal enterochromaffin cells did not originate from endoderm. The early appearance from enterochromaffin cells (which are the producers of serotonin, 5‐hydroxytryptamine) correlates with first gastrointestinal movements, which are known to commence in the first third of gestation, leading us to believe that 5‐HT represents the chemical inducer of muscular motility in the developing intestine.
Etude Immuno‐Histochimique et Ultrastructurale des Cellules Endocrines de la Région Pylorique chez la Taupe Européenne (Talpa europaea)*
Authors: Castaldo L. , Andreozzi G. , Antonucci R. , Girolamo P. de , Lucini G. Gargiulo et C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryImmunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Study of Pyloric Endocrine Cells of the European MoleThe distribution and the morphology of some endocrine cells (gastrin, somatostatin and 5‐HT immunoreactive) in the pyloric region were studied in the Talpa europaea, an insectivorus representing one of the most primitive living Eutherian.The immunohistochemical studies enabled us to identify and calculate the percentage of each cell type:– the most numerous endocrine cells were gastrin immunoreactive;– fairly numerous appeared somatostatin immunopositive;– less numerous were 5‐HT immunoreactive cells.While the ultrastructural observations let us describe four endocrine cell types: G cells producing gastrin, D cells containing somatostatin, EC cells of the gastric type producing 5‐HT and D1 cells whose content is still unknown.
Dural Sinuses in the Camel and Their Extracranial Venous Connections1
Authors: Zguigal H. , Ghoshal N. G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe dural sinuses of one‐humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) and their connections with veins of the head and neck were described and, whenever possible, were compared with other domestic animals emphasizing species differences. Information obtained from gross dissection of embalmed camel heads was correlated with latex injected vascular casts, as well as venographs. Although the disposition of the dural sinuses, in general, was similar to those of other domestic animals, they were somewhat complex in the camel. An important venous flow mechanism which functions in the thermoregulation of the brain in the camel was described. The venous drainage of the nasal cavity and its surrounding areas had five connections with the ophthalmic plexus and the cavernous sinus: (1) the infraorbital vein → ophthalmic plexus; (2) the medial superior palpebral vein → ophthalmic plexus; (3) the medial inferior palpebral vein → ophthalmic plexus; (4) the angularis oculi → frontal → supraorbital → dorsal external ophthalmic → emissary vein of the foramen orbitorotundum → cavernous sinus; and (5) the deep facial vein → ventral external ophthalmic → emissary vein of the foramen orbitorotundum → cavernous sinus.
Mikromorphologische Untersuchungen an den Odontoblasten des Schafs in verschiedenen Entwicklungs‐ bzw. Reifestadien
Authors: Geiger G. , Hild A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryMicromorphological Investigations of the Odontoblasts of the Sheep in various developmental and maturational StagesThe fine tissue structure of ovine odontoblasts was studied in various developmental and maturational stages. Odontoblasts differentiate from the peripherally‐located mesenchymal cells of the dental papilla. On the basis of cytological parameters, it was possible to divide the odontoblasts into the following groups: pre‐odontoblasts, juvenile (light) odontoblasts and mature (dark) odontoblasts. The three maturational stages of odontoblasts exhibit substantial differences with respect to their form and to the number and arrangement of their cytoplasmatic organelles. Structural differences in the three cell types appear to be closely correlated to the level of cellular activity.
Lichtmikroskopische Untersuchungen über das Glaukom der Katze
Authors: Rapp E. , Walde I. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryLightmicroscopical investigations of glaucoma in the catIn the paper presented, the histological findings in four cats with glaucoma are reported by means of HE‐stained paraffin embedded sections. To each case a clinical anamnesis is given. The authors describe primary glaucomas as well as secondary glaucomas of different aetiology. A dysplastic pectinate ligament can be identified for the first time in a cat. Clinical and histological findings are discussed and compared to the findings in dogs.
Development and Variation of the Lateral Vertebral Foramen of the Atlas in Dogs
Authors: Richards M. W. , Watson A. G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryPostnatal development and variation of the bony cranial border of the lateral vertebral foramen (LVF) of the atlas was studied in % dogs. Developmental ossification was investigated in 8 known‐aged Miniature Schnauzer pups, after each atlas was prepared either as an alizarin‐red stained clearing or as a dried cleaned bone. Variation was investigated in 63 atlases from mature dogs and by study of radiographs from 25 mature dogs of various breeds. The soft tissue structures passing through the LVF and attaching to its cranial border were dissected in an additional 2 embalmed and 2 fresh cadavers. In 2‐week‐old pups, the LVF was represented by a notch in the cranial margin of the bony arch of the atlas, with a cartilage bar completing the foramen cranially. Between 6 and 16 weeks the bar forming the cranial bony border of the LVF ossified in its preexisting cartilage anlage. In mature dogs, the LVF was present in the craniolateral aspect of the arch of the atlas and was recognized on lateral radiographs. The vertebral artery and vein, and first cervical nerve passed through the LVF and the atlantooccipital joint capsule and dorsal membrane attached to the cranial border of the LVF. In one dog the cranial border of the LVF of the atlas was incompletely ossified bilaterally. This developmental variant was compared with variations in man and other mammals, and with proatlas neural arch derivatives.
Sur les Terminaisons Nerveuses Sensitives du Clitoris chez la Truie (Sus scrofa domesticus)
Authors: Corona M. , Scala G. , Budetta G. C. , Crasto A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryOn the Sensory Nerve‐Endings in the Porcine ClitorisNeural receptors of the porcine clitoris were examined using light and electron microscopy. Perfusion with ink allowed study of the unique vascular arrangement associated with the genital corpuscles. Sensory nerve‐endings were generally rounded and formed a morphologically and structurally characteristic unit. They were composed of a network of primarily non‐myelinated nerve fibers and flat cells.Between these structures, isolated small blood vessels were embedded amongst collagen fibers and amorphous material. An external capsule of variable thickness always surrounded the structures.A complex arrangement of vessels in the center of the capsule was formed by a subpapillary mesh. The same arrangement was seen in the morphologically comparable penil genital corpuscles of the same species.Based on the particular arrangement of blood vessels and nerve fibers in the genital corpuscles, some authors postulate the presence of a neuro‐vascular glomerulus.
Zum Bau der Milchdrüse des Rindes während der Trockenstehperiode unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Involutionsprozesse
Authors: Michel G. , Heinz M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryMorphology of the bovine mammary gland during the nonlactating periodLightmicroscopical and histochemical investigations were performed on biopsies, which were obtained from the mammary glands of healthy pregnant cows during different stages of the nonlactating period. The results demonstrate characteristic morphological changes in the different phases of the nonlactating period. They can be interpretated as involution and regeneration processes, which occur in the alveoli and interalveolar tissue of the bovine mammary gland during the nonlactating period.
Arterial Segmentation in the Spleen of the Sheep
Authors: Ocal M. K. , Takci I. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryForty six corrosion casts of sheep splenic artery and its intrasplenic tree were studied. Forty spleens (86.96%) showed two segments, 2 spleens (4.35%) revealed three segments and 4 spleens (8.69 %) did not demonstrate arterial segmentation.
Estudio Histoquímico e Immunohistoquímico del Tejido Linfoide Porcino: Ganglio Linfático, Bazo y Timo
Authors: Ramis A. , Ramos J. , Fondevila D. , Pumarola M. , Ferrer L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryImmunohistological and Enzyme Histochemical Study of Lymphoid Pig Tissue: Lymph Node, Spleen, and ThymusImmunohistological (S‐100, cIg) and enzyme histochemical (ANAE/ANBE, β‐glu, ATPase, AcP) investigations were carried out to identify lymphocyte and reticular cell subpopulations“in situ”, in pig lymphoid tissue (lymph node, spleen, and thymus) of a 6 months old group, and a 6–9 days old one. By means of immunohistological techniques, in the 6 month old pigs we could detect S‐100 protein (PAP), chiefly in T‐areas lymphocytes, but we also found some S‐100 positive lymphocytes in spleen follicles. Also S‐100 protein were detected at Follicular Dendritic Cells (FDC) in lymph node and spleen; and Reticular Fibroblastic Cells (RFC) only in the first one. Finally, S‐100 were noted in Hassall corpuscles (thymus), nervous fibres, and endothelial cells too. Using PAP (IgG, IgM) and IPI (IgA) techniques we could detect lymphocyte cytoplasmatic surface immunoglobulins (clg) in lymphocytes, lymphoblastoid and plasmocitoid cells in nearly all tissue compartments. By means of histochemical techniques we could identify T‐area lymphocytes ANAE/ANBE and β‐glu positives (cytoplasmatic spots) and B‐area lymphocytes ATPase positive; macrophages, and polimor‐phonuclear eosinophiles PHNE being ANAE/ANBE and β‐glu positives (diffuse cytoplasmic stain); and Hassall corpuscles ANAE/ANBE and AcP positives. Concerning to reticular cells, we found FDC and RFC in lymphoid follicles, and Interdigitating Reticular Cells (IDC) in lymphoid diffuse tissue, with enzyme activity (all the enzymes studied) in nearly all the cases. In piglets, the immunohistological and histochemical pattern was nearly the same.
Estudio Histoquímico de las Fibras Musculares de Algunos Teleósteos Marinos y de Agua Dulce
Authors: Zarzosa G. Ramirez , Gil F. , Moreno F. , Vazquez J. Ma. , Latorre R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryHistochemical Investigation of Muscle Fibres in certain Salt‐ and Freshwater Teleosts.Histochemical and morphological studies of skeletal muscle of some fresh and salt water fish is presented. Distribution of three muscle types, red, intermediate and white, is discussed.
Dorsal Nerve Root Origins of the Cutaneous Nerves of the Feline Pelvic Limb
Authors: Bailey C. S. , Kitchell R. L. , Guinan M.J. , Sharp J.W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe dorsal root origins of cutaneous nerves supplying the feline pelvic limb were determined electrophysiologically in 11 cats. Cutaneous nerves were surgically exposed and the presence or absence of an evoked potential in response to stimulation of individual dorsal roots was noted. The dorsal cutaneous branches of L3–L5 and S3, and the lateral cutaneous branch of L3 each arose solely from their parent spinal nerves. The L7, SI, and S2 dorsal cutaneous branches had multiple dorsal root origins. The lateral cutaneous femoral nerve originated from L3–L6 dorsal roots in 4 patterns of origin, and the saphenous nerve originated from L4–L6 dorsal roots in 2 patterns of origin. The lateral and caudal cutaneous sural nerves originated from L6–SI roots in 2 and 3 patterns, respectively. The lateral and medial plantar nerves arose from L6–S2 roots in 4 and 2 patterns, respectively. The superficial and deep peroneal nerves originated from L6–SI roots in 2 and 3 patterns, respectively. The caudal cutaneous femoral nerve or its branches arose from L7–S3 in 8 origin patterns. The dorsal nerve of the penis and the superficial perineal nerve arose from L.7–S3 and SI –S3 roots, respectively, each in 4 patterns. A subtle correlation between plexus type and dorsal root origins of the cutaneous nerves was noted.