bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and counting of pirapitinga Piaractus brachypomus fingerlings fish using Machine learning with batch normalization
Authors: Souza Alene Santos , Costa Adriano Carvalho , França Heyde Francielle do Carmo , de Melo Gidélia Araújo Ferreira , Lima Lessandro do Carmo , Kretschmer Vitória de Vasconcelos , de Oliveira Débora Ázara , Horn Liege Dauny , de Rezende Isabel Rodrigues , Fernandes Marília Parreira , Neto Rafael Vilhena Reis , Freitas Rilke Tadeu Fonseca , Oliveira Rodrigo Fortunato , Viadanna Pedro Henrique , Vitorino Brenno Muller 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The identification and counting of fish are relevant tools used for stocking, harvesting, and marketing management of farmed fish. The use of convolutional networks has been used for such purposes, and different approaches have been employed to improve network learning. Batch normalization is one of the techniques that aids in the enhancement and stability of the network, providing greater accuracy. Thus, the objective was to evaluate machine learning in the identification and counting of pirapitinga Piaractus brachypomus fingerlings fish with and without batch normalization. One thousand photographic images of pirapitinga fingerlings were used, labeled through bounding boxes. The training of the adapted convolutional network model was performed, with batch normalization layers inserted at the end of each convolution block. One hundred fifty epochs were established, and batch sizes for normalization were set to 1, 5, 10, and 20. The database training was also conducted without applying normalization for comparison. The evaluation metrics for network performance were precision, recall, and mAP@0.5. The results obtained with the model without the application of the technique were inferior to the models in which batch normalization was applied. The batch size equal to 20 was the model trained with the best performance, showing precision of 96.74%, recall of 95.48%, mAP@0.5 of 97.08%, and accuracy of 98%. It is concluded that batch normalization increases accuracy in the detection and counting of pirapitinga fingerlings in different densities of fish
Migraine as Risk Factors for Lung Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Lu# Hongting , Xu# Zhanyu , Zheng Tiaozhan , He Dongming , Zheng Zhiwen , Ou Xinhuai , Duan Xiaohong , Li Shikang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
This study investigates the potential causal association between migraine experiences and an increased risk of lung cancer diagnosis. Utilizing a Mendelian randomization approach with two distinct cohorts, we aim to further examine the notable prevalence of lung cancer in individuals previously diagnosed with migraines.
Methods
Data for this analysis were derived from the OpenGWAS project database. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly correlated with genetic predisposition to migraines were employed as instrumental variables. The primary lung cancer datasets were obtained from the UK Biobank and the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO), with additional analyses on lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma subtypes. The "TwoSampleMR" package in R (version 4.3.0) facilitated the Mendelian randomization analysis.
Results
Employing a multiplicative random effects model, the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was primarily used for the most reliable estimations of causal inference. The IVW method indicated an odds ratio (OR) of 1.0363 (95% CI: 1.0003–1.0737, P = 0.0480) and an OR of 75.0950 (95% CI: 2.7592–2043.7688, P = 0.0104) for the association between migraines and lung cancer. These results signify a statistically significant association (P < 0.05), identifying migraines as a risk factor for lung cancer. No evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy was observed.
Conclusions
Migraines significantly contribute to the risk and progression of lung cancer. Further investigations are essential to clarify the causal dynamics between these conditions.
Immersive Virtual Reality Enhanced Reinforcement Induced Physical Therapy (EVEREST)
Authors: Altukhaim Samirah , Sakabe Naoko , Nagaratnam Kirubananthan , Mannava Neelima , Kondo Toshiyuki , Hayashi Yoshikatsu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
motor impairment of the upper limb (UL) after a stroke is common, which negatively impacts patients’ quality of life. Stroke survivors may develop a condition known as learned non-use, resulting in a tendency to avoid using the affected hand due to failure. Previous research has shown that constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), where the healthy arm is physically constrained to encourage the use of the stroke-affected arm, is effective in UL rehabilitation. However, some patients find it exhausting and tiring. New technologies have been applied to stroke rehabilitation alongside conventional techniques in recent years. For example, immersive virtual reality (IVR) has emerged as a new treatment approach for stroke rehabilitation, simulating real-life activities to work on self-care skills. Method: in this pilot study, we evaluated the efficacy of the IVR, which incorporates positive reinforcement components in motor coordination as opposed to CIMT using IVR technology. Eighteen participants were randomized to an IVR group to receive VR intervention plus physical therapy (PT) sessions or a control group to receive PT sessions alone. Participants were instructed to reach with either their affected or unaffected hand to a randomly assigned target in the VR. The movement of the virtual image of the UL was reinforced by visual feedback to the participants. Treatment effects on motor recovery were investigated using the Fugl-Meyer (FM) scale for the UL, kinematic dataset, and a questionnaire.
Results
the IVR group exhibited significant improvements in FM scores (p < 0.05) between the first and fifth session, signifying a substantial recovery of UL motor function, with the fifth session showing higher scores. The time to target in the last session reduced compared with that in the first session, suggesting motor learning and recovery (p < 0.05). The patients were highly engaged and motivated during the sessions because they felt like they were in charge of the virtual image of their upper body.
Conclusions
The results suggest that positive reinforcement within the IVR could encourage motor recovery of the affected hand and may facilitate the application of motor learning and neuroplasticity principles during neurological rehabilitation.
Optimization of biofertilizers derived from vinegar residues to improve soil quality and alleviate salinization of the land
Authors: Feng Fang , Jiang Bin , Yan Banrui , Li Jiaxin , Shaik Firdoz 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Saline land rehabilitation plays a crucial role in expanding arable land resources and ensuring food security. To achieve green and sustainable improvement of saline and alkaline land, the present study utilizes vinegar residue waste composted with inter-root bacteria PGPR (phosphorus solubilizing, potassium solubilizing, and nitrogen fixing bacteria) to produce organic fertilizers that are beneficial to plants, thus rehabilitating saline and alkaline land. The total nutrient content (Σ (N + P2O5 + K2O) of the heap at the end of composting increases by 49.85%. PKN-VR (vinegar residue compost with added phosphorus solubilizing, potassium solubilizing, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria) treatment group significantly increases the stem length (55.99%), root length (54.29%), fresh weight (71.4%), and dry weight (57.9%) of wheat seedlings in the saline soil. In addition, the compost products increase the content of chlorophyll (62.2%), proline (94%), and soluble sugar (62.7%), and decrease the content of MAD (malondialdehyde) by 24.05%, thus enhancing the resilience of wheat seedlings. The contents of total nitrogen, total potassium, and total phosphorus, as well as quick-acting potassium, quick-acting phosphorus, and alkaline dissolved nitrogen in the soils of the treatment groups are significantly increased by the addition of microorganisms. The soil fertility enhancement also increases the enzyme activities of the soil. The results show that PKN-VR has considerable potential in saline soil remediation, realizes the resource utilization of vinegar residue waste, and provides a new management method for the green development of agriculture.
A stochastic approach to delays optimization for narrowband transmit beam pattern in medical ultrasound
Authors: Razzetta Chiara , Candiani Valentina , Crocco Marco , Benvenuto Federico 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In ultrasound imaging, state-of-the-art methods for Transmit Beam Pattern (TBP) optimization have well-known drawbacks like non-uniform beam width over depth, significant side lobes, and quick energy drop-out beyond the focal region. To overcome these limitations, we develop a TBP optimization approach by focusing on its narrowband approximation and considering transmit delays as free variables instead of linked to specific focal depths. We formulate a non-linear Least Squares problem to minimize the difference between the TBP corresponding to a set of delays and the desired one, modeled as a 2D rectangle elongated along the beam axis. Three metrics are defined to quantitatively evaluate the results. Results obtained by synthetic simulations show that the main lobe width is considerably more intense and uniform over the whole depth range compared to classical focalized Beam Patterns. The application of the method to elastogra-phy shows improvements in the ultrasound energy concentration along a desired axis.
Experimental determination of tin partitioning between titanite, ilmenite, and granitic melts using improved capsule designs
Authors: Huang Fangfang , Wang Jintuan , Xiong Xiaolin , Gao Mingdi , Li Li , Wei Chunxia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Investigating mineral/melt Sn partitioning at high temperatures and pressures is a difficult task because Sn is a redox-sensitive multivalent element and easily alloys with noble metal sample capsules. To obtain accurate Sn partition coefficients between titanite, ilmenite, and granitic melts, we developed single capsule Pt or Au and double capsule Pt95Rh5 (or Au)-Re designs to avoid significant Sn loss at a controlled oxygen fugacity (fO2). With these new capsule designs, we performed piston-cylinder experiments of Sn partitioning between titanite, ilmenite, and granitic melts. The experimental P-T-fO2 conditions were 0.5–1.0 GPa, 850–1000 °C, and ~QFM+8 to ~QFM-4 (quartz-fayalite-magnetite, QFM, buffer), with fO2 controlled by the solid buffers of Ru-RuO2, Re-ReO2, Co-CoO, graphite, and Fe-FeO. The obtained mineral/melt Sn partition coefficients (DSnmin/melt) are 0.48–184.75 for titanite and 0.03–69.45 for ilmenite at the experimental conditions. The DSnmin/melt values are largely dependent on fO2, although the effects of temperature and melt composition are also observed. DSnTtn/melt strongly decreases with decreasing fO2, from ~46–185 at the most oxidizing conditions (Ru-RuO2 buffer), to ~2–16 at moderately oxidizing to moderately reducing conditions (Re-ReO2 to Co-CoO and graphite buffers), to &lt;1 at the most reducing conditions (Fe-FeO buffer). DSnIlm/melt exhibits a variation trend similar to DSnTtn/melt but is always lower than DSnTtn/melt at a given fO2. These DSnmin/melt values can be applied to quantitatively assess the mineralization potential of granitic magmas. Using DSnTtn/melt, we estimate that Sn contents are ~150–400 ppm in the pre-mineralization magmas of the tin-mineralized Qitianling plutons (South China).
Preferences on Governance Models for Mental Health Data: Qualitative Study With Young People
Authors: Carey Emma Grace , Adeyemi Faith Oluwasemilore , Neelakantan Lakshmi , Fernandes Blossom , Fazel Mina , Ford Tamsin ,   The MindKind Consortium, Burn Anne-Marie 
Published: March 2024

Background
Improving access to mental health data to accelerate research and improve mental health outcomes is a potentially achievable goal given the substantial data that can now be collected from mobile devices. Smartphones can provide a useful mechanism for collecting mental health data from young people, especially as their use is relatively ubiquitous in high-resource settings such as the United Kingdom and they have a high capacity to collect active and passive data. This raises the interesting opportunity to establish a large bank of mental health data from young people that could be accessed by researchers worldwide, but it is important to clarify how to ensure that this is done in an appropriate manner aligned with the values of young people.

Objective
In this study, we discussed the preferences of young people in the United Kingdom regarding the governance, sharing, and use of their mental health data with the establishment of a global data bank in mind. We aimed to determine whether young people want and feel safe to share their mental health data; if so, with whom; and their preferences in doing so.

Methods
Young people (N=46) were provided with 2 modules of educational material about data governance models and background in scientific research. We then conducted 2-hour web-based group sessions using a deliberative democracy methodology to reach a consensus where possible. Findings were analyzed using the framework method.

Results
Young people were generally enthusiastic about contributing data to mental health research. They believed that broader availability of mental health data could be used to discover what improves or worsens mental health and develop new services to support young people. However, this enthusiasm came with many concerns and caveats, including distributed control of access to ensure appropriate use, distributed power, and data management that included diverse representation and sufficient ethical training for applicants and data managers.

Conclusions
Although it is feasible to use smartphones to collect mental health data from young people in the United Kingdom, it is essential to carefully consider the parameters of such a data bank. Addressing and embedding young people’s preferences, including the need for robust procedures regarding how their data are managed, stored, and accessed, will set a solid foundation for establishing any global data bank.
Deconstructing Fitbit to Specify the Effective Features in Promoting Physical Activity Among Inactive Adults: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Takano Keisuke , Oba Takeyuki , Katahira Kentaro , Kimura Kenta 
Published: March 2024

Background
Wearable activity trackers have become key players in mobile health practice as they offer various behavior change techniques (BCTs) to help improve physical activity (PA). Typically, multiple BCTs are implemented simultaneously in a device, making it difficult to identify which BCTs specifically improve PA.

Objective
We investigated the effects of BCTs implemented on a smartwatch, the Fitbit, to determine how each technique promoted PA.

Methods
This study was a single-blind, pilot randomized controlled trial, in which 70 adults (n=44, 63% women; mean age 40.5, SD 12.56 years; closed user group) were allocated to 1 of 3 BCT conditions: self-monitoring (feedback on participants’ own steps), goal setting (providing daily step goals), and social comparison (displaying daily steps achieved by peers). Each intervention lasted for 4 weeks (fully automated), during which participants wore a Fitbit and responded to day-to-day questionnaires regarding motivation. At pre- and postintervention time points (in-person sessions), levels and readiness for PA as well as different aspects of motivation were assessed.

Results
Participants showed excellent adherence (mean valid-wear time of Fitbit=26.43/28 days, 94%), and no dropout was recorded. No significant changes were found in self-reported total PA (dz<0.28, P=.40 for the self-monitoring group, P=.58 for the goal setting group, and P=.19 for the social comparison group). Fitbit-assessed step count during the intervention period was slightly higher in the goal setting and social comparison groups than in the self-monitoring group, although the effects did not reach statistical significance (P=.052 and P=.06). However, more than half (27/46, 59%) of the participants in the precontemplation stage reported progress to a higher stage across the 3 conditions. Additionally, significant increases were detected for several aspects of motivation (ie, integrated and external regulation), and significant group differences were identified for the day-to-day changes in external regulation; that is, the self-monitoring group showed a significantly larger increase in the sense of pressure and tension (as part of external regulation) than the goal setting group (P=.04).

Conclusions
Fitbit-implemented BCTs promote readiness and motivation for PA, although their effects on PA levels are marginal. The BCT-specific effects were unclear, but preliminary evidence showed that self-monitoring alone may be perceived demanding. Combining self-monitoring with another BCT (or goal setting, at least) may be important for enhancing continuous engagement in PA.

Trial Registration
Open Science Framework; https://osf.io/87qnb/?view_only=f7b72d48bb5044eca4b8ce729f6b403b
Measuring Corporate Human Capital Disclosures: Lexicon, Data, Code, and Research Opportunities
Authors: Demers Elizabeth , Wang Victor Xiaoqi , Wu Kean 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Human capital (HC) is increasingly important to corporate value creation. Unlike other assets, however, HC is not currently subject to well-defined measurement or disclosure rules. We use a machine learning algorithm (word2vec) trained on a confirmed set of HC disclosures to develop a comprehensive list of HC-related keywords classified into five subcategories (DEI; health and safety; labor relations and culture; compensation and benefits; and demographics and other) that capture the multidimensional nature of HC management. We share our lexicon, corporate HC disclosures, and the Python code used to develop the lexicon, and we provide detailed examples of using our data and code, including for fine-tuning a BERT model. Researchers can use our HC lexicon (or modify the code to capture another construct of interest) with their samples of corporate communications to address pertinent HC questions. We close with a discussion of future research opportunities related to HC management and disclosure.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: B40; C80; M14; M41; M54.
Disordered Eating Behaviors and Eating Disorders in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mateo Kaely , Greenberg Brooke , Valenzuela Jessica 
Published: March 2024

Objective
This systematic review aimed to examine disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) in youth with type 2 diabetes. Specifically, we sought to describe the most common DEBs, identify risk and protective factors, and review screening tools and interventions that have been developed for and/or used in this population.

Research design and methods
A systematic review was performed of randomized controlled, quasi-experimental, case, and qualitative studies focused on DEBs in youth with type 2 diabetes. All studies were rated for quality by the first and second authors.

Results
Five reports from four unique studies were included in the review. Trends found in the reviewed studies included that approximately half of youth study participants with type 2 diabetes had elevated scores on the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey–Revised. Based on the limited data available, these youth were more likely to engage in DEBs than youth with type 1 diabetes. Risk factors for DEBs in youth with type 2 diabetes included obesity, body weight/shape concerns, and caregiver subclinical binge eating.

Conclusion
There is very limited published literature regarding DEBs in youth with type 2 diabetes, suggesting a need for further research to better develop a framework to illuminate key influential variables in the development of DEBs in this population, further develop screening tools, and design effective interventions.
ChatGPT-4 generates orthopedic discharge documents faster than humans maintaining comparable quality: a pilot study of 6 cases
Authors: Rosenberg Guillermo Sanchez , Magnéli Martin , Barle Niklas , Kontakis Michael G , Müller Andreas Marc , Wittauer Matthias , Gordon Max , Brodén Cyrus 
Published: March 2024

Background and purpose: Large language models like ChatGPT-4 have emerged. They hold the potential to reduce the administrative burden by generating everyday clinical documents, thus allowing the physician to spend more time with the patient. We aimed to assess both the quality and efficiency of discharge documents generated by ChatGPT-4 in comparison with those produced by physicians.Patients and methods: To emulate real-world situations, the health records of 6 fictional orthopedic cases were created. Discharge documents for each case were generated by a junior attending orthopedic surgeon and an advanced orthopedic resident. ChatGPT-4 was then prompted to generate the discharge documents using the same health record information. The quality assessment was performed by an expert panel (n = 15) blinded to the source of the documents. As secondary outcome, the time required to generate the documents was compared, logging the duration of the creation of the discharge documents by the physician and by ChatGPT-4.Results: Overall, both ChatGPT-4 and physician-generated notes were comparable in quality. Notably, ChatGPT-4 generated discharge documents 10 times faster than the traditional method. 4 events of hallucinations were found in the ChatGPT-4-generated content, compared with 6 events in the human/physician produced notes.Conclusion: ChatGPT-4 creates orthopedic discharge notes faster than physicians, with comparable quality. This shows it has great potential for making these documents more efficient in orthopedic care. ChatGPT-4 has the potential to significantly reduce the administrative burden on healthcare professionals.
Effect of Microbial Consortia on Soil Health, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Soybean Grown in a Vertisol of Central India
Authors: Sahu R. K. , Naqvi Iram Zehra , Tagore G. S. , Vikash  , Thakur R. K. , Yadav Shailu , Mitra N. G. 
Published: March 2024

A field experiment was carried out in the research farm of the Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India during Kharif season of 2021-22. The experiment was performed with nine treatments comprised by Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, EM and their consortia with FUI and UFUI (absolute control) in randomized block design. The soybean crop was grown in the field along with recommended package of practices. The result showed that the yield of soybean was 43% higher (2351 kg ha -1) than control FUI and better uptake of N (145 kg ha-1 by seed and 125.6 kg ha-1 by straw), P (7.9 kg ha-1 by seed and 14.9 kg ha-1 by straw) and K (42.3 kg ha-1 by seed and 65.0 kg ha-1 by straw) by soybean were found due to inoculation of microbial consortia of Rhizobium, Pseudomonas and EM culture. The Physico-chemical properties (pH, EC and OC), availability of nutrients (NPK with vales of 288, 29 and 335 kg ha-1 respectively), enzymatic activities (Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities with values of 42.2, 69. 8 µg PNG h-1 g-1 of soil and 12.9 μg TPF hr-1 g-1 of soil, respectively) and microbial population (Rhizobium by 35.1×106, total bacteria by 39.3×107, fungi by 41.9×104 and actinomycetes by 38.7×103 cfu g-1 soil) in soil also improved with the same treatment as compared to FUI. It is strongly recommended that the inoculation of microbial consortia improved the soil health and soybean production too instead of single inoculation by modulating microbial population which improves the soil health by nutrient fixation, solubilization and mobilization and plant growth promotion.