bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DnaK duplication and specialization in bacteria correlates with increased proteome complexity
Authors: Pan Zhuo , Zhuo Li , Wan Tian-yu , Chen Rui-yun , Li Yue-zhong 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

The chaperone 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) is important for cells from bacteria to humans to maintain proteostasis, and all eukaryotes and several prokaryotes encode Hsp70 paralogs. Although the mechanisms of Hsp70 function have been clearly illuminated, the function and evolution of Hsp70 paralogs is not well studied. DnaK is a highly conserved bacterial Hsp70 family. Here, we show that
dnaK
is present in 98.9% of bacterial genomes, and 6.4% of them possess two or more DnaK paralogs. We found that the duplication of
dnaK
is positively correlated with an increase in proteomic complexity (proteome size, number of domains). We identified the interactomes of the two DnaK paralogs of
Myxococcus xanthus
DK1622 (MxDnaKs), which revealed that they are mostly nonoverlapping, although both prefer α and β domain proteins. Consistent with the entire
M. xanthus
proteome, MxDnaK substrates have both significantly more multi-domain proteins and a higher isoelectric point than that of
Escherichia coli
, which encodes a single DnaK homolog. MxDnaK1 is transcriptionally upregulated in response to heat shock and prefers to bind cytosolic proteins, while MxDnaK2 is downregulated by heat shock and is more associated with membrane proteins. Using domain swapping, we show that the nucleotide-binding domain and the substrate-binding β domain are responsible for the significant differences in DnaK interactomes, and the nucleotide binding domain also determines the dimerization of MxDnaK2, but not MxDnaK1. Our work suggests that bacterial DnaK has been duplicated in order to deal with a more complex proteome, and that this allows evolution of distinct domains to deal with different subsets of target proteins.

IMPORTANCE

All eukaryotic and ~40% of prokaryotic species encode multiple 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) homologs with similar but diversified functions. Here, we show that duplication of canonical Hsp70 (DnaK in prokaryotes) correlates with increasing proteomic complexity and evolution of particular regions of the protein. Using the
Myxococcus xanthus
DnaK duplicates as a case, we found that their substrate spectrums are mostly nonoverlapping, and are both consistent to that of
Escherichia coli
DnaK in structural and molecular characteristics, but show differential enrichment of membrane proteins. Domain/region swapping demonstrated that the nucleotide-binding domain and the β substrate-binding domain (SBDβ), but not the SBDα or disordered C-terminal tail region, are responsible for this functional divergence. This work provides the first direct evidence for regional evolution of DnaK paralogs.
Infectious purpura fulminans associated with pneumococcal septicaemia in a patient with unacknowledged functional asplenia
Authors: Duus Savannah , Jespersen Sanne , Wejse Christian 
Published: March 2024

Purpura fulminans (PF) is a life-threatening complication of septic shock that can occur due to disseminated infections withStreptococcus pneumoniae. The spleen is an important organ in the immunisation process against encapsulated bacteria. Patients with asplenia, either functional or anatomical, are therefore at increased risk of developing serious infections and complications, such as PF, if infected with such bacteria.This case report presents a woman in her late 40s with unacknowledged functional asplenia who was admitted to the hospital with signs of an acute disseminated infection causing septic shock, signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation and infectious PF. A few days after admission, the blood cultures showed growth ofS. pneumoniae. With early sepsis treatment, the patient survived although with some complications. Clinical presentation, investigations, differential diagnosis, treatment and outcome are presented. Treatment and early recognition of PF are presented and discussed. Relevant recognition and preventative treatment strategies for patients with asplenia are also reviewed and discussed.This case demonstrates the importance of early recognition and treatment of PF in septic patients and the importance of preventive treatment strategies for patients with asplenia to avoid serious infections and complications.
Behavioural mental health interventions delivered in the emergency department for suicide, overdose and psychosis: a scoping review
Authors: Nugent Shannon M , Anderson Johanna , Young Sarah K 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo identify and describe evidence on brief emergency department (ED)-delivered behavioural and care process interventions among patients presenting with suicide attempt or acute ideation, substance overdose or psychosis.DesignWe employed a scoping review design and searched multiple data sources, clinical trial registries and references lists through March 2023. We included English-language trials and rigorously designed observational studies. In alignment with scoping review guidelines, we did not assess the quality of included studies or rate the strength of evidence of intervention effectiveness.PopulationOur population of interest was adults presenting to the ED with suicidality (eg, attempt or acute ideation), any substance overdose or acute psychosis from a primary mental health condition.InterventionWe included studies of brief behavioural or care process interventions delivered in the ED.Outcome measuresHealth outcomes (eg, symptom reduction), healthcare utilisation and harms.ResultsOur search identified 2034 potentially relevant articles. We included 40 studies: 3 systematic reviews and 39 primary studies. Most studies (n=34) examined ED interventions in patients with suicide attempt or suicidal ideation, while eight studies examined interventions in patients with opioid overdose. No studies examined ED interventions in patients with acute psychosis. Most suicide prevention studies reported that brief psychological, psychosocial or screening and triage interventions reduce suicide and suicide attempt following an ED visit. Most clinical trial interventions were multicomponent and included at least one follow-up. All substance overdose studies focused on opioids. These studies often contained medication and referral or consultation components. Multiple studies reported increases in substance use disorder treatment utilisation; evidence on repeat overdose events was limited.ConclusionsA wide range of multicomponent ED-delivered behavioural health interventions for suicidality and opioid use disorder show short-term improvement on primary outcomes such as suicide reattempt. Few studies on non-opioid substances and psychosis are available.
Survival and neurological function in patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and therapeutic hypothermia: a protocol for updating a systematic review
Authors: Cheng Pengfei , Wang Haizhen , Guo Luyao , Wang Meiling , Xu He , Gu Peipei , Wu Jinjing , Yang Minfei 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionThe widespread application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has enhanced clinical outcomes for patients experiencing cardiac arrest. However, its effectiveness is still limited and falls short of the desired level. Therapeutic hypothermia, which maintains body temperatures between 32°C and 36°C in cardiac arrest patients treated with ECMO, has been proposed as a potential means of neuroprotection and increased survival rates. Nevertheless, it remains controversial, and its impact on patient complications has yet to be fully understood. Thus, this paper aims to update the protocol for a systematic review of patients treated with ECMO and therapeutic hypothermia, in order to explore its effects on survival and neurological function.Method and analysisThis protocol has been developed in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols 2015. The following databases will be systematically searched: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid, CNKI, Wanfang and China Biology Medicine Disc. The database search strategy will use a combination of subject terms and free-text keywords. The search will encompass articles from the inception of each database up to 15 June 2023. Inclusion criteria encompass randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case–control studies and quasi-experimental studies. Two researchers will independently review articles and extract relevant data based on these criteria. Any disagreements will be resolved through discussion. Data analysis will be performed using Review Manager software.Ethics and disseminationSince no patient data were collected in this study, ethical approval was not required. Research findings will be released in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023435353.
Effects of cannabidiol on psychosocial stress, situational anxiety and nausea in a virtual reality environment: a protocol for a single-centre randomised clinical trial
Authors: Bawa Zeeta , McCartney Danielle , Bedoya-Pérez Miguel , Lau Namson S , Fox Richard , MacDougall Hamish , McGregor Iain S 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionThe non-intoxicating plant-derived cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), has demonstrated therapeutic potential in a number of clinical conditions. Most successful clinical trials have used relatively high (≥300 mg) oral doses of CBD. Relatively few studies have investigated the efficacy of lower (<300 mg) oral doses, typical of those available in over-the-counter CBD products.MethodsWe present a protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial investigating the effects of a low oral dose (150 mg) of CBD on acute psychosocial stress, situational anxiety, motion sickness and cybersickness in healthy individuals. Participants (n=74) will receive 150 mg of CBD or a matched placebo 90 min before completing three virtual reality (VR) challenges (tasks) designed to induce transient stress and motion sickness: (a) a 15 min ‘Public Speaking’ task; (b) a 5 min ‘Walk the Plank’ task (above a sheer drop); and (c) a 5 min ‘Rollercoaster Ride’ task. The primary outcomes will be self-reported stress and nausea measured on 100 mm Visual Analogue Scales. Secondary outcomes will include salivary cortisol concentrations, skin conductance, heart rate and vomiting episodes (if any). Statistical analyses will test the hypothesis that CBD reduces nausea and attenuates subjective, endocrine and physiological responses to stress compared with placebo. This study will indicate whether low-dose oral CBD has positive effects in reducing acute psychosocial stress, situational anxiety, motion sickness and cybersickness.Ethics and disseminationThe University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee has granted approval (2023/307, version 1.6, 16 February 2024). Study findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and at academic conferences.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12623000872639).
Cataract surgery and environmental sustainability: a comparative analysis of single-use versus reusable cassettes in phacoemulsification
Authors: Kallay Oscar , Sadad Rayane , Zafzafi Ahmed , Motulsky Elie 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo compare sustainability, financial implications and surgical efficiency of two phacoemulsification cassette systems for cataract surgery: a machine with single-use cassettes and another with daily, reusable ones.MethodsObservational study involving retrospective cataract surgery data collection at the Centre Médical de l’Alliance, Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium, a tertiary eye care centre. Information on cassette weight, quantities and transport volume was obtained from routine procedures and purchasing records. The costs for each machine were calculated by reviewing the invoices received from the accounting department.ResultsWe found significant differences across comparisons. The reusable cassette machine, when compared with the single-use machine, used 306.7 kg less plastic (75.3% reduction), required 2494 m3less storage per 1000 surgeries (67.7% decrease) and cost €54.16 less per 10 procedures (16.9% reduction). The machine with daily reusable cassettes also exhibited a 7-minute priming time advantage for 10 procedures, reducing downtime between cases.ConclusionsOur findings underscore the benefits of adopting reusable cassette systems: reduced plastic consumption, storage volume and priming time, as well as enhanced efficiency and cost-savings. Healthcare professionals and institutions are encouraged to embrace environmentally conscious initiatives. The use of reusable cassette systems for cataract surgeries offers a pathway to sustainable practices.
Vision impairment and differential access to eye health services in Aotearoa New Zealand: a scoping review
Authors: Rogers Jaymie Tingkham , Black Joanna , Harwood Matire , Wilkinson Ben , Kandel Himal , Ramke Jacqueline 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionIn Aotearoa New Zealand, Māori and Pacific People experience worse health outcomes compared with other New Zealanders. No population-based eye health survey has been conducted, and eye health services do not generate routine monitoring reports, so the extent of eye health inequality is unknown. This information is required to plan equitable eye health services. In this scoping review, we aimed to summarise the nature and extent of the evidence reporting vision impairment, its main causes and access to eye health services by ethnicity in New Zealand.MethodsThis scoping review was reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. An information specialist conducted a search on MEDLINE and Embase databases in October 2022. Included studies reported outcomes among any population group resident in New Zealand or attendees at New Zealand health facilities. Data screening, full-text review and data extraction were performed independently by two authors. We summarised the characteristics of studies and outcomes, and the results were synthesised narratively.ResultsOur search identified 2711 reports, of which 53 (from 47 studies) were included. We mapped 72 outcomes, many of which were access-related (n=32), published since 2000 (n=28) and largely focused on diabetic retinopathy (n=21) or cataract (n=13) in facility-based settings (n=18). Over two-thirds of reported outcomes were disaggregated by at least two ethnicities. When outcomes were disaggregated by ethnicity, Māori and Pacific People were consistently included, and experienced worse access and outcomes compared with other New Zealanders.ConclusionThe findings of this review highlight the presence of ethnic disparity in access to diabetic retinopathy and cataract services. Closing the evidence gap identified for refractive error, glaucoma and macular degeneration service coverage could be a priority for future research. Furthermore, future research can be strengthened to enable consistent monitoring of eye health service coverage over time.
Prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition on patients with cancer in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohsin Faroque Md , Rahman Md Sorforajur , Shahjalal Md 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionMalnutrition is related to the development of chronic diseases, including cancer and is a major cause of mortality in patients with cancer. The study aimed to understand the prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition among patients with cancer.MethodsThis cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of malnutrition among patients with cancer and its relationship with sociodemographic status and treatments. Patients’ nutritional diagnosis was performed using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) tool. The performance status (PS) was obtained from the scale developed by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). Data were collected from two hospitals from January to March 2023. A χ2test and multinominal regression analysis were performed by SPSS V.25.ResultsOut of 275 patients, 164 (60%) were male, with the mean age of 49.54 years (SD 15.61). Of these, 184 patients (67%) were malnourished of whom 149 patients (54%) had moderate and 35 patients (13%) had severe malnutrition. Patients’ age, sex, PS, cancer site, treatment modalities, duration and hospitalisation were significantly associated with nutritional status (p<0.05). Patients between the ages of 40 and 60 were 2.96 times more likely to be malnourished compared with those younger than 40 (adjusted odd ratio (AOR) 2.96; 95% CI 1.40 to 6.24). Female patients had 7.74 times higher risk of malnutrition compared with male patients (AOR 7.74; 95% CI 2.03 to 19.80). Malnutrition was 2.6 times higher for surgical patients compared with nonsurgical ones (AOR 2.60; 95% CI 1.29 to 5.26). The risk of malnutrition was 4.06 times greater in patients treated longer than 12 months compared with those treated less than 6 months (AOR 4.06; 95% CI 1.82 to 9.08).ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of malnutrition among patients with cancer, and it is essential to include regular nutritional assessment in the treatment process for better outcomes.
ABCC2p.R393W variant contributes to Dubin-Johnson syndrome by targeting MRP2 to proteasome degradation
Authors: Sun Rong-Yue , Chen Yi-Ming , Zhu Mian-Mian , Sun Ji-an , Wang Hong-Wei , Wu Chen-Yu , Zhu Ting , Gong Yu-Jing , Lu Chao-Sheng , Ronzoni Luisa , Valenti Luca , Zheng Ming-Hua , Wang Dan 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundDubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS), a rare autosomal recessive liver condition, is caused by biallelic loss-of-function mutations of theABCC2gene. This study aimed to investigate genetic variations in the drug efflux transporterABCC2(MRP2) gene in patients with DJS and to characterise the expression and mechanism of theABCC2gene variant.MethodsTrio whole exome sequencing was performed in the family to identify the genetic causes. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to assess pathogenicity. Inin vitroexperiments, site-directed mutagenesis was used to introduceABCC2variants in constructs then expressed in HEK293T, HuH-7 and HepG2 cell lines. The expression of total and cell membrane MRP2 was quantified in cells expressing the wild-type or variant forms. Chloroquine and MG132 were used to evaluate the effects of p.R393W on lysosomal and/or proteasomal degradation.ResultsThe twin probands carry DJS-associated variants c.1177C>T (rs777902199) in theABCC2gene inherited from the father and the c.3632T>C mutation in the other allele inherited from the mother. TheABCC2variant, c.1177C>T, results in a p.R393W substitution in MRP2 that is highly conserved among vertebrates, drastically decreasing the expression of mutant protein by promoting proteasomal degradation. Another variant c.3632T>C results in a p.L1211P substitution in MRP2, decreasing the expression of membrane MRP2 but not changing the expression of total protein.ConclusionThese results strongly suggest that the p.R393W variant affects the stability of the MRP2 protein and decreases its expression by ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation, and the p.L1211P decreases the expression of membrane MRP2, indicating that these two variants, respectively, cause a loss-of-function of the MRP2 protein and membrane MRP2 ultimately leading to DJS development.
Incidence and clinical manifestations of giant cell arteritis in Spain: results of the ARTESER register
Authors: Fernández-Lozano Delia , Hernández-Rodríguez Iñigo , Narvaez Javier , Domínguez-Álvaro Marta , De Miguel Eugenio , Silva-Díaz Maite , Belzunegui Joaquín María , Moriano Morales Clara , Sánchez Julio , Galíndez-Agirregoikoa Eva , Aldaroso Vicente , Abasolo Lydia , Loricera Javier , Garrido-Puñal Noemi , Moya Alvarado Patricia , Larena Carmen , Navarro Vanessa Andrea , Calvet Joan , Casafont-Solé Ivette , Ortiz-Sanjuán Francisco , Salman Monte Tarek Carlos , Castañeda Santos , Blanco Ricardo 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the incidence of giant cell arteritis (GCA) in Spain and to analyse its clinical manifestations, and distribution by age group, sex, geographical area and season.MethodsWe included all patients diagnosed with GCA between 1 June 2013 and 29 March 2019 at 26 hospitals of the National Health System. They had to be aged ≥50 years and have at least one positive results in an objective diagnostic test (biopsy or imaging techniques), meet 3/5 of the 1990 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria or have a clinical diagnosis based on the expert opinion of the physician in charge. We calculated incidence rate using Poisson regression and assessed the influence of age, sex, geographical area and season.ResultsWe identified 1675 cases of GCA with a mean age at diagnosis of 76.9±8.3 years. The annual incidence was estimated at 7.42 (95% CI 6.57 to 8.27) cases of GCA per 100 000 people ≥50 years with a peak for patients aged 80–84 years (23.06 (95% CI 20.89 to 25.4)). The incidence was greater in women (10.06 (95% CI 8.7 to 11.5)) than in men (4.83 (95% CI 3.8 to 5.9)). No significant differences were found between geographical distribution and incidence throughout the year (p=0.125). The phenotypes at diagnosis were cranial in 1091 patients, extracranial in 337 patients and mixed in 170 patients.ConclusionsThis is the first study to estimate the incidence of GCA in Spain at a national level. We found a predominance among women and during the ninth decade of life with no clear variability according to geographical area or seasons of the year.
The weak cosmic censorship conjecture in hairy Kerr black holes
Authors: Zhao Lai , Tang Meirong , Xu Zhaoyi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe weak cosmic censorship conjecture, since its proposal, has always been a controversial hypothesis, but its significance in astrophysics is undeniable. For a regular black hole, its center does not contain a singularity, and the destruction of the horizon of such black holes is not protected by the weak cosmic censorship conjecture. Therefore, we employ Gedanken experiments to study the hairy Kerr black holes, which are promising candidates to serve as ”simulators” of astrophysical black holes. By investigating these black holes through testing particles and scalar fields carrying large angular momentum, we explore whether these black holes can achieve overspinning. Our results suggest that the overspinning behavior of these hairy Kerr black holes in extremal or near-extremal conditions strongly depends on the hairy parameters ($${\alpha , l_0}$$

α
,

l
0

). This not only potentially offers us an opportunity to explore the interior structure of black holes, but may also provide clues for constraining the hairy parameters. This phenomenon might reveal the connection between the no-hair theorem of black holes and the weak cosmic censorship conjecture, bringing new perspectives to our understanding of these theories.