bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhinologic Outcomes of Concurrent Operation for Pituitary Adenoma and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: An Early Experience
Authors: Heo Kyung Wook , Park Seong Kook 
Published: October 2008

Background The transsphenoidal approach (TSA) is the procedure of choice for the vast majority of pituitary neoplasms. Sinusitis is considered a contraindication to TSA because of possible transcranial spread of infection. This study was performed to determine if TSA for pituitary tumors could be extended to patients with pituitary adenoma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods Medical records, including rhinologic outcomes, were retrospectively assessed in 11 consecutive patients who underwent concurrent TSA and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) because of pituitary adenoma and CRS between May 2004 and October 2007. Results The 11 patients consisted of 5 men and 6 women, with a mean age of 55 years (range, 31–69 years) and average follow-up of 24.4 months (range, 6–44 months). Preoperatively, all patients had symptoms of CRS, but none had acute exacerbation of rhinosinusitis. All patients had CRS and two had nasal polyps. TSA was via the transcolumellar transseptal approach in seven patients and the transnasal approach in four patients. No postoperative complications due to ESS were observed. Two patients, including one with sphenoid aspergillosis, had preoperative unilateral sphenoid sinusitis, which was managed by ESS on the involved side, with TSA performed concurrently through the contralateral healthy sphenoid sinus. There was one case of postoperative sphenoid sinusitis and one case of septal perforation due to TSA. There were no postoperative intracranial complications, including meningitis and brain abscess. Conclusion Concurrent TSA and ESS can be performed in selected patients with CRS and pituitary adenoma. Future studies should involve more patients and longer follow-ups.
Intracranial Complications before and after Endoscopic Skull Base Reconstruction
Authors: Harvey Richard J. , Smith Jacob E. , Wise Sarah K. , Patel Sunil J. , Frankel Bruce M. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: October 2008

Background Endoscopic skull base reconstruction (ESBR) has been widely accepted in the management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. However, it is not the CSF leak itselfbut the potential for life-threatening intracranial complications (ICCs) that is of primary clinical concern. The risk of developing complications, such as meningitis, in a skull base defect is unknown. Many ESBR are multilayered soft tissue repairs, and long-term prevention of ICCs is not well described. Methods Retrospective chart review and telephone consultation was used to assess patients who had an ESBR from 2002 to 2008. The incidence of an ICCs (meningitis, cerebral abscess, and pneumocephalus) and associated risk factors were assessed before and after surgery. Results One hundred six patients underwent ESBR (mean age (∓SD), 47.7 ∓ 18.5 years; range, 2–78 years) with 95.3% long-term follow-up (mean, 19.9 ∓ 16.3 months). ICCs occurred in 21.7% of patients at presentation, in 2.8% of patients during the perioperative period (<2 weeks), and in one patient (0.9%) during the postoperative period. Risk factors for presenting with an ICC and meningitis were revision cases performed elsewhere (χ2 = 9.10; p = 0.007) and leaking encephaloceles (χ2 = 5.98; p = 0.014). Factors not associated with increased ICC were an active CSF leak at presentation (χ2 = 3.03; p = 0.082) and previous radiotherapy. Conclusion ESBR offers an excellent long-term option in preventing subsequent ICC with low perioperative complications. ESBR is robust with delayed (>2weeks) CSF leakage occurring in only 1.9% regardless of etiology. The presence of identifiable risk factors for ICC may guide the surgeon in determining the urgency of ESBR.
Solution‐Processed Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells Based on Monodisperse Dendritic Oligothiophenes
Authors: Ma Chang‐Qi , Fonrodona Marta , Schikora Martin C. , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J. , Bäuerle Peter 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA novel family of soluble conjugated dendritic oligothiophenes (DOTs) as monodisperse 3D macromolecular architectures was characterized with respect to optical and redox properties in solution and in solid films. Band gaps of 2.5–2.2 eV, typical for organic semiconductors, were determined as well as HOMO/LUMO energy levels ideal for efficient electron transfer to acceptors such as [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) identifying them as suitable materials for solar cell applications. Solution‐processed bulk‐heterojunction solar cells using DOTs as electron donor and PCBM as acceptor were prepared and investigated. High open‐circuit voltages VOC of 1.0 V and power‐conversion efficiencies up to 1.72% were obtained for the DOT‐based devices. The higher generations DOTs provide the highest efficiencies. Based on the monodispersity of the DOTs, an analysis of the molar ratio between donor and acceptor in the blended film was possible leading to an optimal value of five to six thiophene units per PCBM.
Using ARX and NARX approaches for modeling and prediction of the process behavior: application to a reactor‐exchanger
Authors: Chetouani Yahya 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemical industries are characterized often by nonlinear processes. Therefore, it is often difficult to obtain nonlinear models that accurately describe a plant in all regimes. The main contribution of this work is to establish a reliable model of a process behavior. The use of this model should reflect the normal behavior of the process and allow distinguishing it from an abnormal one. Consequently, the black‐box identification based on the neural network (NN) approach by means of a nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) model has been chosen in this study. A comparison with an autoregressive with exogenous input (ARX) model based on the least squares criterion is carried out. This study also shows the choice and the performance of ARX and NARX models in the training and test phases. Statistical criteria are used for the validation of the experimental data of these approaches. The identified neural model is implemented by training a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP‐ANN) with input–output experimental data. An analysis of the inputs number, hidden neurons and their influence on the behavior of the neural predictor is carried out. In order to illustrate the proposed ideas, a reactor‐exchanger is used. Satisfactory agreement between identified and experimental data is found and results show that the neural model predicts the evolution of the process dynamics in a better way. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of defrosting period on mold adhesion force of epoxy molding compound
Authors: Chen Hwe‐Zhong , Lee Wen‐Hung , Lee Huei‐Huang , Huang Durn‐Yuan , Chang Shyang‐Jye , Hwang Sheng‐Jye 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn integrated circuit (IC) packaging, when epoxy‐molding compound (EMC) is filled in the mold cavity and cured in the mold, adhesion occurs in the interface between EMC and the mold surface. Too large an adhesion force can cause many problems. For example, too large an adhesion force may damage an IC during ejection and cause the package to fail and thus lower the yield rate. To resolve mold adhesion problems, improving the mold design and applying suitable surface treatments, such as mold surface coating, are the common approaches. Applying suitable surface coating is a more popular and practical approach. Defrosting is a process to increase the frozen EMC temperature to room temperature, and to retain it at room temperature for some period before molding. It is a common practice to put EMC under required atmospheric environment during defrosting. It has been found by molding engineers that increased defrosting period will increase the frequency of mold cleaning. But there is no quantitative description on how much the adhesion force increases during the defrosting process.This paper describes the use of a semiautomatic EMC adhesion force test instrument to measure the normal adhesion force between the mold surface and EMC. By measuring the adhesion force, one can quantify how much adhesion force exists between EMC and the mold surface under different defrosting periods. The results show that it is best to use the EMC with 24–32 h of defrosting, to prevent excessive amount of mold adhesion force and it has been found that the adhesion force of the 24 h defrosting period will be 24% less than that of the 48 h defrosting period. Decreasing moisture absorption will decrease the increase in adhesion force for prolonged defrosting period cases. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compression process effects on filling density and replication properties of micro‐surfaces during metal injection molding
Authors: Okubo Kenji , Tanaka Shigeo , Hamada Hiroyuki , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTo improve the surface replication properties and density of final metal injection molded (MIM) products, injection‐compression molding was applied to metal‐mold processing. Effects of the mold temperature and compression process conditions, such as the compression period, on the density, surface roughness, and geometry of green compacts and sintered products were investigated. The density of green compacts, cavity pressure inside the mold, and surface roughness were improved for longer compression periods of both pressure and volume control methods. Micro‐scale replication properties for the V‐grooves of green compacts revealed a complicated tendency involving the compression period and control method. The V‐groove replication properties improved with increasing compression period, except for the volume control method and lower mold temperature. The sintered MIM products' final properties strongly affect the characteristics of green compacts. The injection‐compression process for MIM products, e.g. metal–polymer complexes, can improve the surface replication properties and roughness of green compacts. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction between aqueous solutions of polymer and surfactant and its effect on physicochemical properties
Authors: Khan Mohammad Yunus , Samanta Abhijit , Ojha Keka , Mandal Ajay 
Published: October 2008

AbstractInteraction between water‐soluble polymers and anionic surfactants has been studied by surface tension and conductivity measurements. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) were used as surfactant while polyacrylamide (PAA), commercial grade partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA), and xanthan gum were used as water‐soluble polymers for the present study. The behavior of surfactant–polymer interaction was found to be dependent on both surfactant and polymer concentrations. After the critical aggregation concentration (CAC), interaction between the water‐soluble polymer and surfactants was started and above the polymer saturation point (PSP) polymer was saturated by surfactant with no further change of surface tension and conductivity of the solution. It has also been found that alkali (NaOH) and salts (Na2CO3, NaCl) have significant influence on the polymer–surfactant interaction. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining state estimator and disturbance observer in discrete‐time sliding mode controller design
Authors: Chang Jeang‐Lin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn response to a multiple input/multiple output discrete‐time linear system with mismatched disturbances, an algorithm capable of performing estimated system states and unknown disturbances is proposed first, and then followed with the design of the controller. Attributed to the fact that both system states and disturbances can be estimated simultaneously with our proposed method, the estimation error is constrained at less thanO(T) as the disturbance between the two sampling points is insignificant. In addition, the estimated system states and disturbances are then to be used in the controller when implementing our algorithm in a non‐minimum phase system (with respect to the relation between the output and the disturbance). The tracking error is constrained in a small bounded region and the system stability is guaranteed. Finally, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed control scheme. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Feasibility of production methods for succinic acid derivatives: a marriage of renewable resources and chemical technology
Authors: Cukalovic Ana , Stevens Christian V. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSuccinic acid has recently received a great deal of attention in various publications and presentations when discussing the potential of renewable resources for the production of chemical building blocks. As a starting material for a number of conversions, it leads to important derivatives for various industrial branches. In this review, many suggested/published processes are analyzed and the feasibility of the processes toward industrial use in comparison with actual production routes has been evaluated.Derivatives that have a high probability of being successfully produced from succinic acid are tetrahydrofuran, γ‐butyrolactone and butanediol, as well as various pyrrolidones. Other nitrogen‐containing succinic acid derivatives, as well as its esters and salts, have various uses and can be used for further conversions. Succinate‐based surfactants and polymers are produced in large quantities.This review also contains a short overview of chemicals that might be produced from succinic acid, but the routes are still not economically feasible at this point and are only of academic interest at the moment. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Der Pärchenegel Schistosoma und die Bilharziose. Erfolgreicher Parasit
Authors: Ruppel Andreas 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSchistosomen verursachen die in den Tropen weit verbreitete Bilharziose (syn: Schistosomiasis). Diese Würmer sind in faszinierender Weise an ihren Wirt angepasst. Sie nutzen die Immunantwort sogar zum Vorteil des Parasitenzyklus aus. Die Immunreaktion auf die Parasiten‐Eier verursacht außerdem direkt oder indirekt alle Symptome der Krankheit. Die Verbreitung der Zwischenwirt‐Schnecken hängt eng mit landwirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten zusammen, allerdings in Afrika und Asien mit entgegengesetzter Wirkung. Trotz eines verfügbaren und kostengünstigen Medikamentes ist die Bilharziose als Krankheit der Armut ohne Verbesserung der Lebensbedingungen und der Gesundheitssysteme in den Endemiegebieten weiterhin kaum zu kontrollieren.
Karpfendreierlei
Authors: Wendler Silke 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAngesiedelte und eingeführte Tierarten können die ursprüngliche Tierwelt durch Verdrängung von Arten oder durch Änderung der Räuber‐Beute‐Verhältnisse stark beeinflussen. Hierfür sind in der Vergangenheit zahlreiche Beispiele beschrieben worden. Eine unlängst von David B. McDonald und seiner Arbeitsgruppe veröffentlichte Arbeit über drei Catostomiden‐Arten in den USA beschreibt jedoch ein weiteres Phänomen einer Tiergruppe, deren Neigung zur Hybridisierung schon lange bekannt ist.
Simplified Calculation of Mixing and Suspending Processes in Agitated Vessels – Part II: Examples of Application
Authors: Lohse R. , Platzer B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMixing processes in agitated vessels with different stirring systems are simulated using a cell model. The model takes the fluid velocity and fluid turbulence, as well as the diffusion and the sedimentation velocity of the particles into account. The two‐ and three‐dimensional behaviors of single particles and collectives of particles in the vessels, respectively, are discussed in terms of different aspects. The calculated concentration distributions are compared with some measurements from the literature. Furthermore, a user interface developed for the calculation program, is introduced.
Multiphase CFD Modeling for a Chemical Looping Combustion Process (Fuel Reactor)
Authors: Deng Z. G. , Xiao R. , Jin B. S. , Song Q. L. , Huang H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThere are growing concerns about increasing emissions of greenhouse gases and a looming global warming crisis. CO2 is a greenhouse gas that affects the climate of the earth. Fossil fuel consumption is the major source of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Chemical looping combustion (CLC) has been suggested as an energy‐efficient method for the capture of carbon dioxide from combustion. A chemical‐looping combustion system consists of a fuel reactor and an air reactor. The air reactor consists of a conventional circulating fluidized bed and the fuel reactor is a bubbling fluidized bed. The basic principle involves avoiding direct contact of air and fuel during the combustion. The oxygen is transferred by the oxygen carrier from the air to the fuel. The water in combustion products can be easily removed by condensation and pure carbon dioxide is obtained without any loss of energy for separation. With the improvement of numerical methods and more advanced hardware technology, the time required to run CFD (computational fluid dynamic) codes is decreasing. Hence, multiphase CFD‐based models for dealing with complex gas‐solid hydrodynamics and chemical reactions are becoming more accessible. To date, there are no reports in the literature concerning mathematical modeling of chemical‐looping combustion using FLUENT. In this work, the reaction kinetics models of the (CaSO4 + H2) fuel reactor is developed by means of the commercial code FLUENT. The effects of particle diameter, gas flow rate and bed temperature on chemical looping combustion performance are also studied. The results show that the high bed temperature, low gas flow rate and small particle size could enhance the CLC performance.
1,3‐Diindolylureas and 1,3‐Diindolylthioureas: Anion Complexation Studies in Solution and the Solid State
Authors: Caltagirone Claudia , Hiscock Jennifer R. , Hursthouse Michael B. , Light Mark E. , Gale Philip A. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract1,3‐Diindolylureas and thioureas have been synthesised and their anion complexation properties in solution studied. Whilst diindolylthioureas showed only moderate affinities and selectivities, diindolylureas show remarkably high affinity for dihydrogen phosphate in solution for an acyclic, neutral receptor in water/[D6]DMSO mixtures. These easy‐to‐make compounds adopt relatively planar conformations in the solid‐state and are able to donate four hydrogen bonds and yet not fill the coordination sphere of carbonate or phosphate, allowing two or three receptors to bind to each anion in the solid‐state.
ChemInform Abstract: Homoleptic Selenium Cyanides: Attempted Preparation of Se(CN)4 and Redetermination of the Crystal Structure of Se(CN)2.
Authors: Klapoetke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard , Scherr Matthias 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of LuCu4‐xSb2 (x = 1.053).
Authors: Fedyna M. F. , Fedorchuk A. O. , Fedyna L. O. , Tokaychuk Ya. O. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Energy Transfer and Tunable Luminescence Properties of Eu3+ in TbBO3 Microspheres via a Facile Hydrothermal Process.
Authors: Yang Jun , Zhang Cuimiao , Li Chunxia , Yu Yingning , Lin Jun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of an Aluminum Borate Chloride Consisting of 12‐Membered Borate Rings and Aluminate Clusters.
Authors: Gao Wenliang , Wang Yingxia , Li Guobao , Liao Fuhui , You Liping , Lin Jianhua 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: HoF[SeO3] and Ho3F[SeO3]4: Two Fluoride‐Derivatized Holmium Oxoselenates(IV).
Authors: Lipp Christian , Schleid Thomas 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Contributions on the Thermal Behavior and Crystal Chemistry of Anhydrous Phosphates. Part 39. Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Structural Systematics of Quaternary Vanadium(IV) Oxidephosphates MIIV2O2(PO4)2 (MII: Co, Ni, Cu).
Authors: Benser E. , Schoeneborn M. , Glaum R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structures, Physical Properties, and Electronic Properties of Some AMUQ3 Compounds (A: Alkali Metal, M: Cu or Ag, Q: S or Se).
Authors: Yao Jiyong , Wells Daniel M. , Chan George H. , Zeng Hui‐Yi , Ellis Donald E. , Van Duyne Richard P. , Ibers James A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Rb6Mn2O6.
Authors: Pfeiffer Steffen , Fischer Dieter , Jansen Martin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Conjugate Additions of Silyloxyallenes: A Selective Solution to the Intermolecular Rauhut—Currier Problem.
Authors: Reynolds Troy E. , Binkley Michael S. , Scheidt Karl A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.