bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Spectrophotometric Determination of Titanium with Hydrogen Peroxide and Xylenol Orange
Authors: Otomo Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Although almost no color reaction occurs when titanium is treated with a solution of xylenol orange at pH below 2, the addition of hydrogen peroxide as a third reactant yields a new, red complex with an absorption maximum at about 535 mμ. On the basis of the above reaction, a new method for the spectrophotometric determination of titanium has been described. The color stability is affected by the amount of hydrogen peroxide and xylenol orange. When, however, 0.2 to 5 ml. of a 0.3% solution of hydrogen peroxide and 3.5 to 6 ml. of a 1×10−3M solution of xylenol orange are used for less than 70 μg. of titanium and a total volume of 25 ml., the color obtained is stable for at least 30 min. Beer’s law is obeyed over the 7 to 70 μg. range of titanium. The mole ratio method and the two spectrophotometric methods have been employed to determine the composition of the complex. It has been concluded that a 1:1:1 complex is formed under the conditions investigated.
The Complex Formation of Boron Fluoride with Lower Olefin at Low Temperatures. I. The Isotope Effects and Absorption Spectra of Boron Fluoride-Propylene and -Ethylene Systems
Authors: Nakane Ryohei , Watanabe Tsunao , Kurihara Osamu , \={O}yama Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The equilibrium constant of the isotopic exchange between boron fluoride gas and boron fluoride in a propylene solution at −112°C has been determined by means of a shaking-type gas-liquid contactor. When the mole ratio of propylene to boron fluoride in the liquid phase was larger than 1, the value of the constant obtained was 1.018. In the boron fluoride-ethylene system, the value of the constant is equal to the vapor pressure ratio of the isotopic boron fluorides, i.e., 1.011.
In the measurement of the absorption spectrum of liquid propylene at low temperatures, two weak absorptions were observed at 43650 and 45000 cm−1. They were assigned to the TR←N transition. When boron fluoride was added to liquid propylene at low temperatures, these absorption bands disappeared, although the V←N bands were still observed.
The above findings lead to the following conclusion: boron fluoride can form stable liquid σ-complexes with polar mono-olefins such as propylene at low temperatures; these complexes are not the intermediate products in polymerization by a boron fluoride catalyst. On the other hand, ethylene, which is a non-polar mono-olefln and which does not polymerized at atmospheric pressure, cannot form a stable σ-complex with boron fluoride, even at low temperatures.
The authors wish to express their deep thanks to Dr. Shizu Tonomura for her kind advice on measuring the absorption spectra.
The Spectrophotometric Determination of Uranium with Xylenol Orange
Authors: Otomo Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new spectrophotometric method for determining trace amounts of uranium has been developed. This method is based on the coloration of xylenol orange with uranium (IV) formed by the reduction of uranium(VI) in the presence of ascorbic acid. The effects of the pH value, reagent and boiling time have been thoroughly investigated, and experimental conditions which make possible the determination of 20 to 100 μg. of uranium have been devised. The mole ratio of the complex between uranium and this reagent has also been discussed.
The Chelating Behavior of Catechol-4-sulfonate with Iron (III) Ion
Authors: Murakami Yukito , Nakamura Katsuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Both potentionmetric and spectrophotometric measurements have been carried out in order to study the chelating tendencies of catechol-4-sulfonate with iron (III) ions in aqueous media at the ionic strength of 0.10 m. Even in the 3:1 (ligand to metal ion) system, the equilibrium of the titrating solution was established gradually, except in the lower pH range. When the amount of the ligand was not sufficient to satisfy the coördination number of the iron (III) ion, the titration system became complicated because of both the slow attainment of equilibrium in the chelate formation and the hydrolysis of the chelates.
The stability of the iron (III)-catechol-4-sulfonate was found to be slightly less than that of the corresponding iron (III)-Tiron chelates. The visible absorption spectral data indicated that Tiron and catechol-4-sulfonate produce similar ligand fields for the iron(III)ion.
The Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra and the Hydrolysis of \overset4P-\overset3P-\overset4P-Acid
Authors: Yoza Norimasa , Ohashi Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been found that \overset4P-\overset3P-\overset4P-acid in aqueous solutions shows characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectra, which vary remarkably with the pH change of the solutions. The spectra having absorption maxima at 226, both 205 and 230, 224, and 215 mμ can be assigned to P3O85−, HP3O84−, H2P3O83−, and H5P3O8 respectively.
The rates of the hydrolysis of the \overset4P-\overset3P-\overset4P– acid in the perchloric acid solutions have been determined by measuring the absorbance at 215 mμ. The hydrolysis follows the first order rate law. The hydrolysis products are \overset3P– and \overset4P-\overset4P-acid. The rate constant is in the linear function with the activity of perchloric acid. The activation energy has been estimated to be 16.6 kcal. per mol.
Remark on the Solvent Effects upon the Electronic Spectra of Naphthalene Derivatives
Authors: Mataga Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The importance of the Franck-Condon principle in the solvent shifts of π-π* spectra has been discussed with reference to aniline and naphthylamines in alcohol and aqueous solutions. The blue shift of the absorption spectra and the red shift of the fluorescence spectra in these polar solvents have been interpreted in terms of the Franck-Condon destabilization energies, including the solute-solvent hydrogen bonding interactions and the dipolar interactions. In addition to this, the similarity of the electronic spectra of naphtholate ions to those of naphthylamines has been pointed out with reference not only to the absorption spectra but also to the fluorescence spectra.
Formaldehyde Resins. LXVI. The Base-catalyzed Reaction of Benzamides with Formaldehyde
Authors: Imoto Minoru , Kobayashi Mitsue 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The mechanism of the reaction of the substituted benzamides with formaldehye in diox-ane-water (1:1) in the presence of sodium hydroxide has been studied kinetically. Equations 2 and 3 have been obtained. An electron-attracting group increased the rate of the reaction, while an electron-releasing group decreased it. The reaction rates fit Hammett’s equation. It was concluded that the SE1-mechanism is suitable for interpreting the results obtained.
The Application of Intermittent Illumination to the Bleaching of Dye. I. A General Consideration of the Method
Authors: Koizumi Masao , Usui Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The method of intermittent illumination by means of flashes of very short duration has been criticized, particularly with regard to the frequency and intensity of the flash. It has been concluded that when f0 (the fractional decrease of the starting substance per second due to the absorption of light) is less than 0.1, the kinetics for the steady illumination will hold within a few per cent. A model case in which a certain intermediate absorbs light and causes an addition reaction has been discussed.
The Application of Intermittent Illumination to the Bleaching of Dye. II. The Methylene Blue-Amine System
Authors: Kato Shunji , Usui Yoshiharu , Koizumi Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new apparatus for intermittent illumination has been designed and applied to the system of methylene blue and trimethylamine. A frequency effect has been discovered and established to be genuine. Thus, when the frequency is raised, the rate constant for the buffered and for the non-buffered solution shows an increase of about forty percent, but in the former case, between 1 p.p.s. and 10 p.p.s., and in the latter one between 10 p.p.s. and 100 p.p.s.
If it is assumed that a certain intermediate X absorbs light and induces the additional reaction, the extinction coefficient of X ought to be 104∼105 in order to interpret the observed effect. Hence, it is likely that the intermediate in question is not an intermediate in true sense of the word, but the ground state dye in a slightly modified state.
The Solubilization of Oil-soluble Dyes by a Polysoap and a Monosoap
Authors: Tokiwa Fumikatsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The solubilization of several oil-soluble dyes, 1-benzeneazo-2-naphthol (BAN) and three 1-nitrobenzeneazo-2-naphthols (nitro-BAN), by a polysoap and a monosoap has been studied by measuring the solubilizing power, the viscosity and the electrical conductance of the solutions of both soaps.
The polysoap is a better solubilizer than the monosoap. BAN was more solubilized than nitro-BAN at any given concentration of soap. The amount of nitro-BAN solubilized by the polysoap was increased in the order m-nitro-BAN&gt;p-nitro-BAN&gt;o-nitro-BAN, while the solubilization by the monosoap was in the order m-nitro-BAN&gt;o-nitro-BAN&gt;p-nitro-BAN. However, there appears to be no simple interpretation of the effect of the structure of dyes upon the solubilization. The addition of the dyes to the polysoap solutions decreased the viscosity, except for that of p-nitro-BAN at low concentrations of polysoap. p-Nitro-BAN produced an anomalous increase in the viscosity, the reason for this being not certain. In the case of polysoap, every solubilized dye produced a small increase in electrical conductance, but no significant difference among them could be found.
Studies on Mixture Dyeing. II. The Kinetics of a Mixture of Chrysophenine G and Sirius Red 4B
Authors: Sekido Minoru , Morita Zenzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The single and mixture dyeing of Chrysophenine G (C.I. Direct Yellow 12) and Sirius Red 4B (C. I. Direct Red 81) have been examined kinetically.
2) The affinity and the diffusion coefficient of each dye at 90, 85 and 80°C have been evaluated. The apparent activation energy of diffusion at a constant surface concentration has been calculated.
3) In the mixture dyeing, although the apparent diffusion coefficient of each dye became larger than that in the single dyeing, whose surface concentration was similar to that in the mixture dyeing, the dye with the smaller diffusion coefficient had a more profound effect on the diffusion of the dye with the larger diffusion coefficient than in the reverse case.
The Quenching Action of Pyridine and Quinoline on the Fluorescence of Naphthalene Derivatives
Authors: Miwa Takuji , Koizumi Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The quenching constants (k) of quinoline for the fluorescence of several substances in n-hexane have been determined. The values, obtained are as follows; they are independent of the frequency of the exciting light.
2-Naphthylamine 120 (20°C) 140 (40°C)
N,N-Dimethyl-
2-naphthylamine 90 (20°C) 100 (40°C)
2-Naphthol 100 (21°C)
2-Naphthylmethyl-
ether 53 (21°C)
The results clearly show that the hydrogen bond is not necessary for the quenching to occur, in contradiction to the mechanism proposed by Mataga for the case in which pyridine is used as a quencher.
To elucidate the mechanism, the quenching phenomena in the fluorescence of the above substances have been further studied in benzene and ethanol, using pyridine and quinoline as quenchers. The most notable finding has been that, in ethanol, pyridine can quench the fluorescence of 2-naphthylamine and N,N-dimethyl-2-naphthylamine equally well, the k value for 25°C being, respectively, 16 and 15.
A mechanism has been proposed which involves the charge transfer from fluorescer to quencher. When the quenching is considerable, the rate-determining step is the diffusion proces, irrespective of the molecular mechanism for the quenching.
Studies on the Complex Formation between Uranium and Thiomalic Acid
Authors: Mathur V K , Nigam H L , Srivastava S C 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Uranyl ion has been found to form an orange-yellow coloured complex with thiomalic acid. Spectrophotometric measurements reveal a composition of 1:1 as UO2(II) : TMA in the complex, where TMA stands for thiomalic acid. Thiomalic acid is found to behave as a bidentate ligand with UO2(II) in this complex. This has been concluded by potentiometric method. Magnetic susceptibility measurements, however, show an anomolous magnetic behaviour. The formation constant logK, at fixed pH and ionic strength as calculated from the spectrophotometric curves, comes out to be 3.0±0.1 and the corresponding free energy of formation has been calculated as −4.2±0.2 at 25°C.
The Kinetics of Substitution Reactions Involving Metal Complexes. VII. Effect of Acetate Ions on the Reaction between Lead(II) and Zinc-Ethylenediaminetetraacetate Complexes
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Ogino Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of acetate ions on the substitution reaction between lead (II) and zinc-EDTA complexes has been investigated. The reaction was treated as to proceed through both hydrated metal ions and monoacetato complexes, and the rate equation was derived. The rate constants for six elementary reactions of which three involve the hydrated lead (II) ion and the others involve the monoacetatolead-(II) complex were determined at ionic strength 0.2 at 25.0°C. The values indicate that all the reactions proceeding through hydrated lead ions are faster than the corresponding reactions through monoacetato lead complexes. The results also suggest that the rate of the reaction through diacetatolead(II) complexes is much slower than those of the reactions through hydrated ions and monoacetato complexes.
Crystal Growth of Magnesium Oxide Prepared by the Thermal Decomposition of Magnesium Hydroxide
Authors: Kotera Yoshihide , Saito Tatsuo , Terada Matsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The particle size of magnesium oxide crystals prepared by the thermal decompositions of pure precipitated magnesium hydroxide and native brucite at various temperatures between 500 and 900°C has been measured by the X-ray line broadening method, and the effect of the calcination temperature and its duration on the crystal size of magnesium oxide has been examined.
It has been found that the particle size of magnesium oxide crystals increasese with the increase in the calcination temperature and that the rate of crystal growth obeys a different law between the earlier stage of the calcination process at a definite temperature and the later stage. It has also been found that the crystal growth of magnesium oxide proceeds proportional to tn, (t: time), where n is 1/6 for the later stage of the calcination of magnesium oxide from precipitated magnesium hydroxide at temperatures ranging from 700 to 900°C and 1/4 for the same calcination of that from brucite. The values of the activation energy calculated by Arrhenius plot are 17 and 32 kcal./mol. for magnesium oxide obtained from precipitated hydroxide and from brucite respectively.
A Synthesis of l-Proline from l-Glutamine
Authors: Itoh Tamio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Novel syntheses of optically active proline and ornithine from optically active glutamine are described.
2. Carbobenzoxy-l-glutamine esters were dehydrated to γ-cyano-α-l-carbobenzoxyaminobutyric acid esters with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, phosphorous oxychloride or thionyl chloride.
3. Hydrogenation of γ-cyano-α-l-carbobenzoxyaminobutyric acid esters in aqueous solvent systems were effected by silk-palladium catalyst to yield mainly l-proline.
4. By hydrogenation in the presence of Raney nickel in non-aqueous solvent, l-ornithine was obtained.
A Study of Metal Complexes of Analytical Importance. II. Complexes of Salicylaldoxime and C-Methyl-salicylaldoxime with Vanadium(V)
Authors: Nakamura Hiroji , Shimura Yoichi , Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
New complexes of salicylaldoxime (symbol: salmH2) and C-methyl-salicylaldoxime (symbol: Me-salmH2) with vanadium(V), [VO(OH)·(salmH)2] (A), [VO(O-Et)(salmH)2] (B), [VO·(OH)(Me-salmH)2] (C) and [V(OH)(Mesalm)2] (D) were prepared. A, B and C complexes were dark-colored, while the D complex was light-colored.
The absorption spectra of A and C in dimethylformamide were determined. Based on the measurements of the visible, ultraviolet and infrared absorption spectra of these complexes, the following conclusions were drawn:
1) In benzene complex A has the trans structure, while in dimethylformamide it has the cis structure.
2) Complex C has the same properties as A.
3) The esterification of A does not cause any remarkable change in color.
4) The great difference between, the color of C and that of D comes from the difference in the donor atoms of the ligand. In the former the ligands are coordinated as N, O-chelates, and in the latter, as O, O-chelates.
Vinyl Polymerization. LXX. Preparation of 3-(4′-Pentenyl)cyclopentene-1 and its Alternative Copolymerization with Maleic Anhydride
Authors: Imoto Minoru , Tsuda Kazuichi , Otsu Takayuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
3-(4′-Pentenyl)cyclopentene-1 (PCP) was prepared through the reaction of 1-pentenyl magnesium bromide and 3-chlorocyclopentene-1. An attempt was made for the polymerization and copolymerization of PCP. In the polymerizations by radical (azobisisobutyronitrile) and Ziegler [Al(i-Bu)3-TiCl4] initiators, a little brown methanol-soluble oil was obtained. By cationic initiator (BF3·OEt2), however, a trace of reddish brown polymer which did not dissolve in common organic solvents was formed.
PCP was copolymerized with maleic anhydride by the use of a radical initiator. When the monomer mixture ratio of PCP to maleic anhydride was varied, no change was observed in the copolymer composition (the proportion of PCP to maleic anhydride being 1 to 2). In the infrared spectrum of the copolymer, the absorption bands of the vinyl type double bond and the unsaturated cyclopentene ring of PCP disappeared in the copolymer, so it was to be assumed that both double bonds participated in the copolymerization to form glassy gelled pale-yellow copolymer. These results indicate that an alternative copolymerization took place.
Viscometric Studies of Solutions of Sodium Phosphates, Graham Salts and Vanadium-containing Graham Salts
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki , Ohashi Shigeru , Minato Fumiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The intrinsic viscosities of sodium orthophosphates, pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate and Graham salts of relatively low molecular weight (lower than 10300) were measured. The relation between the intrinsic viscosity at 25.5°C and the average molecular weight measured by the end group titration was
[η]=6.9×10−4×M0.61
in a 0.035 n sodium bromide solution, and
[η]=0.0348+0.112×10−4×M
in a 0.07 n sodium bromide solution.
Vanadium-containing Graham salts (sodium vanadate-phosphate copolymers) seemed to be hydrolyzed immediately by the dissolution. The intrinsic viscosity of the solution was much smaller than that of sodium polyphosphate of the corresponding degree of polymerization.
The rate of the hydrolysis of branched sodium polyphosphate was proportional to the number of branchings, and the rate constant was 0.39 hr−1 at 25.5°C.
The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Olefinic Systems and the Substituent Effects. II. Methyl Esters of α- or β-Substituted Cinnamic Acids
Authors: Kasiwagi Hazime , Nakagawa Naoya , Niwa Jun 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The proton magnetic resonance spectra with regard to methyl esters of α- or β-substituted cinnamic acids have been investigated from the viewpoint of the substituent effect. When the results are compared with the correlation obtained with ω-substituted styrenes, the trends are also explicable as being controlled by the polar nature of the substituents.
Kinetics of Hydrolytic Reaction Catalyzed by Crystalline Bacterial α-Amylase. II. The Influence of Solvent
Authors: Ono Sôzaburo , Hiromi Keitaro , Sano Yoshiki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The influence of methanol on the rate of the hydrolytic reaction of soluble starch catalyzed by crystalline bacterial amyloclastic α-amylase has been studied at 25°C and pH 6.0, over the methanol concentration of 0∼22.6% by weight.
The apparent Michaelis constant, Km, is independent of the methanol concentration, while the breakdown rate constant of the ES complex, k3, decreases with an increase in the methanol concentration.
The plot of logk3 versus the reciprocal dielectric constant of the solvent gives a straight line with a negative slope.
Various possible effects on the reaction rates caused by the addition of methanol have been examind, and it has been concluded that the dielectric constant effect is predominantly operative.
The results have been interpreted quantitatively on the basis of the electrostatic theory previously developed by one of the present authors. The results of calculation have been found to be consistent with the hypothesis that charge separation occurs in the glucosidic linkage to be hydrolyzed in the activated state of the ES complex.
The electrostatic entropy of activation in the breakdown of the ES complex has also been estimated.
The Wetting of Paraffin by Aqueous Solutions of Fatty Alcohol Homologues
Authors: Tsunoda Teruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The wettability of paraffin towards aqueous solutions of n-propyl, n-butyl, n-amyl and n-octyl alcohols has been studied. It has been found that the wetting isotherm which had been proposed by the present author and had been valid for the wetting of paraffin by an aqueous ethyl alcohol solution, could also be applied successfully to the present systems. The equations of state for the adsorbed films of these alcohols at the paraffin/aqueous solution interface were obtained. It was further shown that Traube’s rule holds for the paraffin/aqueous alcohol solution interface as well as for the air/solution interface. The adsorption energies found were 824 cal./mol. CH2 for the paraffin/solution interface and 656 cal./mol. CH2 for the aqueous surface.
The Infrared Spectra of O-Deuterated and O-Methylated Derivatives of Diacetyl Monoxime and Isonitrosoacetone
Authors: Kuroda Yoko , Kimura Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared absorption bands due to the O=C–C=N–OH system have been investigated by the use of diacetyl monoxime, isonitrosoacetone, and their O-deuterated and O-methylated derivatives. All the bands observed have been reasonably assigned. So far as the infrared spectra are concerned, the degree of conjugation in the C=O bonds is between those of saturated ketones and α,β-unsaturated ketones. The degree of conjugation in the C=N bonds is greater than those of conjugated imines and of aldoximes containing a C=C–C=N group and is approximately equal to those of vic-dioximes containing an N=C–C=N group. Under the influence of conjugation, the N–O bonds have a greater double-bond character than those of unconjugated oximes. The bond character varies with the hydrogen bonding, the type of which is not –O–H…N=C, but –O–H…O=C. In general, the bands due to the C=N bonds of oximes are weak. However, they are intensified by deuteration and are intensified remarkably by methylation.
Studies of the Absorption Spectra of Azo Dyes and their Metalcomplexes.I. The Absorption Spectra of Phenylazoacetoacetanilide and its Related Compounds
Authors: Yagi Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Phenylazoacetoacetanilide and its related compounds have the hydrazone structure. The phenylazoacetoacetic acid ethylester, for example, forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond between a ketone group and a hydrazone group in the solid state and in non-polar solvents.
The electronic absorption spectra exhibit three groups of bands—A,B and C—D. The effects upon the spectra of the intramolecular hydrogen bond and of the π-p conjugation at the carboxylic acid amide group have been discussed.