bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring immigration and philopatry in seabirds; recruitment to Black‐legged Kittiwake colonies
Authors: COULSON J. C. , COULSON B. A. 
Published: March 2008

The degree of philopatry in two new Black‐legged KittiwakeRissa tridactylacolonies in northeast England was studied for 36 and 16 successive years, respectively. There was a tendency in both colonies for the number of recruits to the breeding group to increase with the age (and size) of the colony, but by an average of only one additional recruit each year. In the two new colonies, it was 7 and 9 years respectively before the first young birds bred in their natal colony. By that time, over 100 immigrants had recruited and bred in each colony. Thereafter, new philopatric birds were recorded annually. But these formed only an average of 23% of the recruits during 36 years (1955–90) at North Shields, and 4.2% over 16 years (1991–2006) at Coquet Island. In every year at both colonies the number of new immigrants exceeded the number of philopatric recruits. Males formed 82% of philopatric birds. The low degree of philopatry in the Kittiwake will result in appreciable gene flow between colonies and this is consistent with little geographic variation in the species. Each immigrant has to make a choice of which colony to enter, but the criteria for this selection are not understood. It is argued that many measures of philopatry in birds are biased towards high values because of the greater ease in identifying philopatric individuals. The generalization that there is a high degree of philopatry in colonial seabird species is not justified, as there is considerable variation between species, and possibly between colonies. More estimates based on unbiased data are needed.
International Accounting Standards and Accounting Quality
Authors: BARTH MARY E. , LANDSMAN WAYNE R. , LANG MARK H. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTWe examine whether application of International Accounting Standards (IAS) is associated with higher accounting quality. The application of IAS reflects combined effects of features of the financial reporting system, including standards, their interpretation, enforcement, and litigation. We find that firms applying IAS from 21 countries generally evidence less earnings management, more timely loss recognition, and more value relevance of accounting amounts than do matched sample firms applying non‐U.S. domestic standards. Differences in accounting quality between the two groups of firms in the period before the IAS firms adopt IAS do not account for the postadoption differences. Firms applying IAS generally evidence an improvement in accounting quality between the pre‐ and postadoption periods. Although we cannot be sure our findings are attributable to the change in the financial reporting system rather than to changes in firms' incentives and the economic environment, we include research design features to mitigate effects of both.
Autonomous initialisation of exterior orientation parameters using a collinearity search‐based solution
Authors: Seedahmed Gamal H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAs is well known, a collinearity‐based solution for the exterior orientation parameters (EOPs) has to deal with their initial approximation. Although this problem has been thoroughly investigated, contemporary literature continues to report it as a major obstacle. To this end, this paper proposes a general and innovative solution for the EOP approximation problem. This solution is formulated as a computational search for the best hypothesis for the approximate values of the EOPs that explains the known correspondence between the observed image coordinates and their counterparts in object space. In particular, the three ranges of the 3D rotation angles are discretised in a coarse‐to‐fine strategy to generate different hypotheses for their values. These hypotheses are combined to form angular triplets that could serve as candidate solutions for the 3D rotation angles. Then, each angular triplet is substituted in a ‘‘linear version’’ of the collinearity equations to solve directly for a candidate hypothesis of the 3D camera position. Together, the two candidate solutions form a hypothesis for the solution vector of the EOPs. Then each hypothesis of the EOPs performs a back‐projection of the object space coordinates, via the collinearity equations, to compute a hypothesis for the image coordinates. The EOP hypothesis that gives the minimum Euclidean distance, or l2 norm, between the observed and the computed image coordinates, is selected as the best global solution for the approximate values of the EOPs.
Cytokine polymorphisms in women with recurrent pregnancy loss: Meta‐analysis
Authors: BOMBELL Sarah , McGUIRE William 
Published: March 2008

Background:  Inflammatory cytokine cascades have been implicated in the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Polymorphisms in cytokine genes may affect the risk of RPL, but genetic association studies are often limited by small sample sizes. Meta‐analysis of all available studies can increase the precision of these estimates.Aims:  To assess and synthesise the available data from association studies of inflammatory cytokine polymorphisms with RPL.Methods:  Systematic review and random effects meta‐analysis of genetic association studies.Results: Sixteen reports of genetic association studies of cytokine polymorphisms with RPL were identified. Meta‐analyses did not identify any significant associations with tumour necrosis factor (–308A, or –238A), interferon‐gamma (+874T), interleukin (IL)‐1β (–511T), IL‐6 (–174G), or IL‐10 (–1082A, or –819T, or –592A). Significant associations were found with IL‐1B (–31T) (two studies: pooled odds ratio (OR) 2.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04 to 4.33)) and IL‐6 (–634G) (one study: OR 0.22 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.57)).Conclusions:  The available data are not consistent with more than modest associations between these candidate cytokine polymorphisms and RPL. Data from future association studies may be added to the meta‐analyses to obtain more precise estimates of effect sizes.
Prevalence of endometrial cancer and hyperplasia in non‐symptomatic overweight and obese women
Authors: VIOLA Alexandre S. , GOUVEIA Daniela , ANDRADE Liliana , ALDRIGHI Jose M. , VIOLA Carolina F. M. , BAHAMONDES Luis 
Published: March 2008

Background:   Obesity is a public health problem and it is necessary to identify if non‐symptomatic obese women must be submitted to endometrial evaluation.Aims:   To determine the prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer in non‐symptomatic overweight or obese women.Methods:   A cross‐sectional study was carried out in 193 women submitted to an endometrial biopsy using a Pipelle de Cornier. The findings were classified as normal, hyperplasia or cancer, and the results were compared to body mass index (BMI; kg/m2). For the purpose of statistical analysis, women were divided into two groups: women of reproductive age and postmenopausal women, and according to BMI as overweight or obese.Results:   The prevalence of endometrial cancer and hyperplasia was 1.0% and 5.8% in women of reproductive age and 3.0% and 12.1% in postmenopausal women, respectively. According to logistic regression, being in the postmenopause increased the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer to 1.19 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.36–3.90), while being postmenopausal and severely obese increased the odds ratio (OR) to 1.58 (95%CI: 0.30–8.23) and being postmenopausal and morbidly obese increased the OR to 2.72 (95%CI: 0.65–11.5). No increase in risk was found in women of reproductive age who were either overweight or obese.Discussion:   Our results show that non‐symptomatic, severe or morbidly obese postmenopausal women have a high risk of developing endometrial hyperplasia or cancer; however, no such risk was found for women of reproductive age.
Genetic Influence on Dysmorphogenesis in Embryos From Different Rat Strains Exposed to Ethanolin Vivoandin Vitro
Authors: Wentzel Parri , Eriksson Ulf J. 
Published: March 2008

Background: The aim was to investigate the susceptibility of embryos from 2 rat strains (U and H) to a 48 hours ethanol exposure in early pregnancy, both in vivo and in vitro.Methods: The embryos were studied on gestational days 9 to 11. We used 1 ethanol dose in vivo (6 g/kg × 2), 3 different ethanol concentrations in vitro (88 mM, 132 mM, 176 mM) and also attempted to diminish the teratogenic effect in vitro by supplying the antioxidant N–acetylcysteine (NAC, 0.5 mM) to the culture medium.Results: The U embryos were more damaged by ethanol than the H embryos, both in vivo and in vitro.NAC addition diminished, but failed to completely normalize, the embryonic maldevelopment. Ethanol increased the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio in the U embryos both in vivo and in vitro, but not in the H embryos. Furthermore, ethanol caused increased Caspase‐3 immunostaining in U embryos, but not in H embryos. Ethanol exposure in vivo did not alter CuZnSOD and MnSOD mRNA levels in U and H embryos. In vitro, however, the ethanol‐exposed U embryos increased their CuZnSOD and MnSOD mRNA levels, whereas the CuZnSOD mRNA was unchanged and MnSOD mRNA decreased in the H embryos, in neither strain did NAC exert any effect. The U embryos increased catalase gene expression in response to ethanol in vivo,but decreased catalase mRNA levels in vitro, changes normalized by NAC. The H embryos did not alter catalase mRNA levels in vivo, but increased gene expression in vitro, with no NAC effect. Ethanol affected the gene expression of the other ROS scavenging enzymes and the developmental genes studied – Bmp‐4, Ret, Shh, Pax‐6 – similarly in the 2 strains.Conclusions: The findings support a role for genetic predisposition, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in ethanol teratogenicity, and suggest that the teratogenic predisposition of the more susceptible U rats may reside, at least in part, in the regulation of the ROS scavenging enzymes in the U embryos.
Neurally Mediated Susceptibility in Individuals with Brugada‐Type ECG Pattern
Authors: LETSAS KONSTANTINOS P. , EFREMIDIS MICHALIS , GAVRIELATOS GERASIMOS , FILIPPATOS GERASIMOS S. , SIDERIS ANTONIOS , KARDARAS FOTIOS 
Published: March 2008

Background:

Neurally mediated syncope and Brugada syndrome (BS) share common pathophysiologic mechanisms related to autonomic nervous system modulations, and particularly with increased vagal tone. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of neurally mediated susceptibility in individuals with Brugada‐type electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern.
Methods and Results:

Eight asymptomatic male individuals (mean age 41.6 ± 10.6 years) with spontaneous or procainamide‐induced type 1 ECG pattern of BS and structurally normal hearts underwent a drug‐free head‐up tilt test. Twenty‐five healthy male subjects (mean age 37.4 ± 14.1 years) with normal ECG and without structural heart disease were included in the study, and served as comparative controls. A positive tilt test response was observed in three out of eight subjects with the Brugada‐type ECG pattern (37%) and in three out of 25 controls (12%) (P = 0.018).
Conclusions:

This study demonstrates a high incidence of neurally mediated susceptibility in asymptomatic individuals with Brugada‐type ECG pattern. Severe diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas may rise from this coexistence. A positive tilt test in subjects with Brugada‐type ECG displaying a history of syncope may mislead the physician to a false sense of security. Further studies are required to validate our findings and possibly evaluate the role of tilt test in risk stratification of patients with BS.
Acute Sleep Deprivation is Associated with Increased Electrocardiographic P‐Wave Dispersion in Healthy Young Men and Women
Authors: SARI IBRAHIM , DAVUTOGLU VEDAT , OZBALA BURCU , OZER ORHAN , BALTACI YASEMIN , YAVUZ SEMA , AKSOY MEHMET 
Published: March 2008

Background: Sleep deprivation (SD) is associated with worse cardiovascular outcome including mortality. Prolonged P‐wave duration and P‐wave dispersion (Pd) are known to represent inhomogeneous conduction of sinus impulses and are known to be electrophysiologic predictors of atrial fibrillation. Pd in normal subjects has been reported to be influenced by the autonomic tone. Because autonomic tone is affected by sleep and sleep duration, we evaluated the effect of acute SD on P‐wave duration and Pd in healthy young adults and whether the effect was gender selective.
Methods

: We obtained electrocardiograms of 37 healthy young volunteers (age: 28.45 ± 7.97; 11 women) after a night of regular sleep and repeated after a night with sleep debt. We measured minimum and maximum P‐wave durations (Pmin, Pmax) and Pd in milliseconds.
Results

: Average sleep time of the subjects were 7.7 ± 0.8 hours during regular sleep and 1.7 ± 1.6 hours during a night of sleep debt (P < 0.001). Subjects had significantly lower values of Pmin in milliseconds after a night of sleep debt when compared to regular sleep (65.13 ± 8.03 vs 74.86 ± 10.95; P < 0.001), whereas they had significantly higher values of Pmax and Pd (102.16 ± 9.46 vs 95.13 ± 11.21; P < 0.001 and 37.02 ± 8.11 vs 20.27 ± 11.42; P < 0.001, respectively). In Pearson's correlation analysis Pmin was positively and Pmax and Pd were negatively correlated with sleep time (P < 0.001, r = 0.465; P = 0.003, r =−0.336 and P < 0.001, r =–0.698 respectively). Effect of SD on P‐wave duration and Pd was similar for both men and women.
Conclusions

: In conclusion, prolongation of Pmax and Pd in acute SD suggests that acute SD might contribute to development and/or recurrence of atrial fibrillation.
Substance Use in Emergency Medicine Training Programs
Authors: McBeth Brian D. , Ankel Felix K. , Ling Louis J. , Asplin Brent R. , Mason Emily J. , Flottemesch Thomas J. , McNamara Robert M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjectives:  To explore the prevalence of substance use among emergency medicine (EM) residents and compare to a prior study conducted in 1992.Methods:  A voluntary, anonymous survey was distributed in February 2006 to EM residents nationally in the context of the national in‐service examination. Data regarding 13 substances, demographics, and perceptions of personal patterns of substance use were collected.Results:  A total of 133 of 134 residencies distributed the surveys (99%). The response rate was 56% of the total EM residents who took the in‐service examination (2,397/4,281). The reported prevalence of most illicit drug use, including cocaine, heroin, amphetamines, and other opioids, among EM residents are low. Although residents reporting past marijuana use has declined (52.3% in 1992 to 45.0% in 2006; p < 0.001), past‐year use (8.8%–11.8%; p < 0.001) and past‐month use (2.5%–4.0%; p < 0.001) have increased. Alcohol use appears to be increasing, including an increase in reported daily drinkers from 3.3% to 4.9% (p < 0.001) and an increase in number of residents who indicate that their consumption of alcohol has increased during residency (from 4% to 12.6%; p < 0.001).Conclusions:  Self‐reported use of most street drugs remains uncommon among EM residents. Marijuana and alcohol use, however, do appear to be increasing. Educators should be aware of these trends, and this may allow them to target resources for impaired and at‐risk residents.
An Alternative Hemostatic Dressing: Comparison of CELOX, HemCon, and QuikClot
Authors: Kozen Buddy G. , Kircher Sara J. , Henao Jose , Godinez Fermin S. , Johnson Andrew S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjectives:  Uncontrolled hemorrhage remains a leading cause of traumatic death. Several topical adjunct agents have been shown to be effective in controlling hemorrhage, and two, chitosan wafer dressing (HemCon [HC]) and zeolite powder dressing (QuikClot [QC]), are being utilized regularly on the battlefield. However, recent literature reviews have concluded that no ideal topical agent exists. The authors compared a new chitosan granule dressing (CELOX [CX]) to HC, QC and standard dressing in a lethal hemorrhagic groin injury.Methods:  A complex groin injury with transection of the femoral vessels and 3 minutes of uncontrolled hemorrhage was created in 48 swine. The animals were then randomized to four treatment groups (12 animals each). Group 1 included standard gauze dressing (SD); Group 2, CX; Group 3, HC; and Group 4, QC. Each agent was applied with 5 minutes of manual pressure followed by a standard field compression dressing. Hetastarch (500 mL) was infused over 30 minutes. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded over 180 minutes. Primary endpoints included rebleed and death.Results:  CX reduced rebleeding to 0% (p < 0.001), HC to 33% (95% CI = 19.7% to 46.3%, p = 0.038), and QC to 8% (95% CI = 3.3% to 15.7%, p = 0.001), compared to 83% (95% CI = 72.4% to 93.6%) for SD. CX improved survival to 100% compared to SD at 50% (95% CI = 35.9% to 64.2%, p = 0.018). Survival for HC (67%) (95% CI = 53.7% to 80.3%) and QC (92%; 95% CI = 84.3% to 99.7%) did not differ from SD.Conclusions:  In this porcine model of uncontrolled hemorrhage, CX improved hemorrhage control and survival. CELOX is a viable alternative for the treatment of severe hemorrhage.
Comparison of Nebulized Epinephrine to Albuterol in Bronchiolitis
Authors: Walsh Paul , Caldwell John , McQuillan Kemedy K. , Friese Steven , Robbins Dale , Rothenberg Stephen J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjectives: To compare the effect of nebulized racemic epinephrine to nebulized racemic albuterol on successful discharge from the emergency department (ED).Methods: Children up to their 18th month of life presenting to two teaching hospital EDs with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis who were ill enough to warrant treatment but did not need immediate intubation were eligible for this double‐blind randomized controlled trial (RCT). Patients received either three doses of racemic albuterol or one dose of racemic epinephrine plus two saline nebulizers. Disposition was decided 2 hours after the first nebulizer. Successful discharge was defined as not requiring additional bronchodilators in the ED after study drug administration and not subsequently admitted within 72 hours. Adjusted relative risks (aRR) were estimated using the modified Poisson regression with successful discharge as the dependent variable and study drug and severity of illness as exposures. Secondary analysis was performed for patients aged less than 12 months and first presentation.Results: The authors analyzed 703 patients; 352 patients were given albuterol and 351 epinephrine. A total of 173 in the albuterol group and 160 in the epinephrine group were successfully discharged (crude RR = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92 to 1.26). When adjusted for severity of illness, patients who received albuterol were significantly more likely than patients receiving epinephrine to be successfully discharged (aRR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.36). This was also true among those with first presentation and in those less than 12 months of age.Conclusions: In children up to the 18th month of life, ED treatment of bronchiolitis with nebulized racemic albuterol led to more successful discharges than nebulized epinephrine.
Mucosal tissue transglutaminase expression in celiac disease
Authors: Villanacci Vincenzo , Not Tarcisio , Sblattero Daniele , Gaiotto Tiziano , Chirdo Fernando , Galletti Anna , Bassotti Gabrio 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTissue transglutaminase (tTG) plays an important role in celiac disease pathogenesis and antibodies to tTG are a diagnostic marker of gluten‐sensitive enteropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the localization of tTG in the duodenal mucosa in control tissues and in different histological stages of celiac disease by using a commercial and a novel set of anti‐tTG monoclonal antibodies, to see whether this assessment can be useful for diagnostic purpose. The distribution of tTG was firstly evaluated in 18 untreated celiac patients by using a commercial monoclonal antibody (CUB7402) against tissue transglutaminase enzyme and directed against the loop‐core region of the enzyme. Thereafter, in further 30 untreated celiac patients we employed three newly characterized anti‐tTG monoclonal antibodies produced against recombinant human‐tTG. The epitopes recognized are located in three distinct domains of the protein corresponding to the core, C1 and C2 protein structure. Eleven age‐ and sex‐matched patients with chronic duodenitis acted as controls. All subjects underwent upper endoscopy to obtain biopsy samples from the duodenum. Overall, we found that (i) tTG is equally expressed in CD at different stages of disease; (ii) tTG is expressed, at similar level, in CD and controls with duodenitis. Assessment of tTG level in biopsy samples by immunohistochemical methods is not useful in the clinical diagnostic work‐up of CD.
Anatomical retinal reattachment after scleral buckling with and without retinopexy: a pilot study
Authors: Mahdizadeh Morteza , Masoumpour Masoumeh , Ashraf Hossein 
Published: March 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  To compare the anatomical results of scleral buckling with and without retinopexy and to assess the effect of retinopexy on the scleral buckling outcome.Methods:  This randomized clinical trial was performed on 55 patients. Twenty‐two eyes were treated with scleral buckling (segmental or encircling) with or without drainage of subretinal fluid without any type of retinopexy (group 1); 33 patients received transscleral retinal cryopexy around retinal break(s) in addition to the former procedure. The two groups were matched regarding age, sex, myopia, aphakia, stage of proliferative vitroretinopathy (PVR) and number, type and location of the break(s).Results:  In the non‐retinopexy group, 19 patients (86%) had complete retinal reattachment and one patient had partial reattachment after 34–48 months of follow‐up. One patient did not develop attachment because of missed break out of the buckle, and one had no attachment at all because of PVR. Overall success rate was 91% (20 of 22) in this group. In the retinal cryopexy group, 26 patients (79%) had complete retinal reattachment and two had partial reattachment during 35–56 months of follow‐up. In two patients, no attachment was achieved because of missed break out of the buckle; three patients developed redetachment after 1 and 3 months because of PVR. Overall success rate was 85% (28 of 33). The anatomical results in these two groups were the same statistically.Conclusion:  With the permanent scleral buckling technique, retinal cryopexy adds no benefit to the success rate of anatomical retinal reattachment.
The Psychological and Physical Health Effects of Stigma: The Role of Self‐threats
Authors: Eccleston Collette P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBeing a member of a group that is stigmatized (i.e., low status, devalued, negatively stereotyped, and victimized by prejudice and discrimination) can affect health. In this paper, I consider threats to the social self as a mediator in the relationship between stigmatizing experiences and health. I discuss experiences associated with stigmatization that can pose a potential threat to the sense of self and how each of these aspects of stigma relates to health. Our current knowledge is heavily centered on how discrimination experiences relate to health. More research is needed on how other aspects of stigma affect health. In addition, research addressing coping strategies, and especially how they influence health behaviors, will be useful in gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms through which stigma affects health.