bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescents' views on oral health care and promotion in Norway: everyday practices, recommendations, and future visions
Authors: Høiseth Marikken , Jasbi Arefe 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionIn this study, we aimed to understand adolescents' perspectives on oral health care and promotion. Our research was conducted in the context of Norway's oral health care system, where societal factors like income and education influence health disparities. Despite free public dental care for all residents younger than 19 years, challenges persist in promoting oral health among adolescents, a group whose oral health behavior and literacy remain largely unexplored.Materials and methodsA thematic analysis of an anonymized dataset from 80 adolescents aged 12–20 years was conducted.ResultsFive central themes were recognized: (1) Feeling fresh vs. feeling indifferent: A broad spectrum of attitudes; (2) Bridging gaps, building habits: Collaborative efforts in oral care; (3) “Create good experiences at the dentist so people come back again”; (4) Requested qualities in oral health promoting solutions; (5) Reminder tools for everyday use. Taken together, these themes highlight adolescents' oral health practices and resources, recommendations for dental clinics, and visions for future oral health promotion.DiscussionBased on the results, the discussion highlights a need for tailored oral health promotion and ideas to reach adolescents in meaningful and effective ways. Reflections on the theme of social inequalities are provided.
Real-time tracking of curing process of an epoxy adhesive by X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Tsapatsaris Leonidas , Wiegart Lutz , Petrash Stanislas , Baumeister Tobias , Engels Thomas , Endoh Maya , Koga Tadanori 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Cross-linkable polymers are in widespread use in a variety of industries because of their thermomechanical toughness, chemical resistance, and adhesive strength. But traditional methods to characterize these materials are insufficient for fully capturing the complex chemical and physical mechanisms of the crosslinking reaction. In this study, in situ X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) was used to investigate the crosslinking kinetics of a two-component epoxy resin adhesive.Materials and methods: With XPCS, we tracked the temporally resolved dynamics of silica filler particles, which served as probes of the internal dynamics of the thermoset network and allowed us to study the crosslinking process. The epoxy was cured isothermally at 40 °C and 80 °C to study the effects of curing temperature on the epoxy’s crosslinking reaction. XPCS results were compared to dielectric analysis (DEA) results, to demonstrate the similarities between a traditional technique and XPCS, and highlight the additional information gained with XPCS.Results and discussion: The epoxy resin was found to be highly sensitive to temperature. The epoxy samples exhibited different relaxation processes depending on isothermal cure temperature, indicating a complex relationship between applied temperature and the development of stress/relaxation conditions associated with formation of the thermoset network. Heating to the isothermal temperature setpoint at the start of curing promoted gelation, but the vitrification process was not completed during the isothermal curing stage. Instead, cooling the sample to room temperature facilitated the final vitrification process. This paper contextualizes this epoxy’s results within the broader field of thermoset study via XPCS, and advocates for XPCS as a fundamental technique for the study of complex polymers.
FL% is associated with the severity of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection in patients undergoing frozen elephant trunk and total arch replacement
Authors: Wang Long-Fei , Li Yu , Jin Mu , Li Hai-Bin , Zhang Nan , Gong Ming , Zhang Hong-Jia , Liu Yu-Yong , Lai Yong-Qiang 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThe diameter, area, and volume of the true lumen and false lumen (FL) have been measured in previous studies to evaluate the extent of DeBakey type I aortic dissection. However, these indicators have limitations because of the irregular shapes of the true and false lumens and the constant oscillation of intimal flap during systole and diastole. The ratio of arch lengths seems to be a more reliable indicator. FL% was defined as the ratio of the arch length of FL to the circumference of the aorta at the different levels of the aorta. The purpose of this article was to investigate whether FL% is a predictor of the severity of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection in patients undergoing frozen elephant trunk (FET) and total arch replacement.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, we analyzed a total of 344 patients with acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection that underwent FET and total arch replacement at our center from October 2015 to October 2019. The patients were divided into two groups by cluster analysis according to the perioperative course. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to determine whether FL% could predict the severity of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to assess the power of the multivariate logistic regression model for the severity of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection.ResultsThe patients in the ultra-high-risk group (109 patients) had significantly more severe clinical comorbidities and complications than the patients in the high-risk group (235 patients). The ascending aortic FL% [odds ratio (OR), 11.929 (95% CI: 1.421–100.11); P = 0.022], location of initial tear [OR, 0.68 (95% CI: 0.47–0.98); P = 0.041], the degree of left iliac artery involvement [OR, 1.95 (95% CI: 1.15–3.30); P = 0.013], and the degree of right coronary artery involvement [OR, 1.46 (95% CI: 1.01–2.12); P = 0.045] on preoperative computed tomography angiography were associated with the severity of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection. The AUROC value of this multivariate logistic regression analysis was 0.940 (95% CI: 0.914–0.967; P &lt; 0.001). The AUROC value of ascending aortic FL% was 0.841 (95% CI: 0.798–0.884; P &lt; 0.001) for the severity of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection in patients undergoing FET and total arch replacement.ConclusionsAscending aortic FL% was validated as an essential radiologic index for assessing the severity of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection in patients undergoing FET and total arch replacement. Higher values of ascending aortic FL% were more severe.
Forecasting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein evolution from small data by deep learning and regression
Authors: King Samuel , Chen Xinyi E. , Ng Sarah W. S. , Rostin Kimia , Hahn Samuel V. , Roberts Tylo , Schwab Janella C. , Sekhon Parneet , Kagieva Madina , Reilly Taylor , Qi Ruo Chen , Salman Paarsa , Hong Ryan J. , Ma Eric J. , Hallam Steven J. 
Published: April 2024

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants during the COVID-19 pandemic caused frequent global outbreaks that confounded public health efforts across many jurisdictions, highlighting the need for better understanding and prediction of viral evolution. Predictive models have been shown to support disease prevention efforts, such as with the seasonal influenza vaccine, but they require abundant data. For emerging viruses of concern, such models should ideally function with relatively sparse data typically encountered at the early stages of a viral outbreak. Conventional discrete approaches have proven difficult to develop due to the spurious and reversible nature of amino acid mutations and the overwhelming number of possible protein sequences adding computational complexity. We hypothesized that these challenges could be addressed by encoding discrete protein sequences into continuous numbers, effectively reducing the data size while enhancing the resolution of evolutionarily relevant differences. To this end, we developed a viral protein evolution prediction model (VPRE), which reduces amino acid sequences into continuous numbers by using an artificial neural network called a variational autoencoder (VAE) and models their most statistically likely evolutionary trajectories over time using Gaussian process (GP) regression. To demonstrate VPRE, we used a small amount of early SARS-CoV-2 spike protein sequences. We show that the VAE can be trained on a synthetic dataset based on this data. To recapitulate evolution along a phylogenetic path, we used only 104 spike protein sequences and trained the GP regression with the numerical variables to project evolution up to 5 months into the future. Our predictions contained novel variants and the most frequent prediction mapped primarily to a sequence that differed by only a single amino acid from the most reported spike protein within the prediction timeframe. Novel variants in the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) were capable of binding human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in silico, with comparable or better binding than previously resolved RBD-ACE2 complexes. Together, these results indicate the utility and tractability of combining deep learning and regression to model viral protein evolution with relatively sparse datasets, toward developing more effective medical interventions.
In Vitro Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Inhibition Using a Green Light Source
Authors: Roa-Tort Karen , Saavedra Yael , Villanueva-Martínez Angélica , Ganem-Rondero Adriana , Pérez-Carranza Laura Abril , de la Rosa-Vázquez José M. , Ugalde-Femat Gabriel , Molina-Alejandre Omar , Becerril-Osnaya Andrea Angela , Rivera-Fernández Josué D. 
Published: April 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been based on using photosensitizers (PS) and applying light of a specific wavelength. When this technique is used for treating infections, it is known as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Currently, the use of lighting sources for in vitro studies using aPDT is generally applied in multiwell cell culture plates; however, depending on the lighting arrangement, there are usually errors in the application of the technique because the light from a well can affect the neighboring wells or it may be that not all the wells are used in the same experiment. In addition, one must be awarded high irradiance values, which can cause unwanted photothermal problems in the studies. Thus, this manuscript presents an in vitro antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for a Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) inhibition study using an arrangement of thermally isolated and independently illuminated green light source systems for eight tubes in vitro aPDT, determining the effect of the following factors: (i) irradiance level, (ii) exposure time, and (iii) Rose Bengal (RB) concentration (used as a PS), registering the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) inhibition rates. The results show that in the dark, RB had a poor antimicrobial rate for P. aeruginosa, finding the maximum inhibition (2.7%) at 30 min with an RB concentration of 3 µg/mL. However, by applying light in a correct dosage (time × irradiance) and the adequate RB concentration, the inhibition rate increased by over 37%. In the case of MRSA, there was no significant inhibition with RB in complete darkness and, in contrast, the rate was 100% for those experiments that were irradiated.
English Language Learners’ Perception and Motivation Towards Exam Format: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Griche Salmane 
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study is to explore the perceptions of students at the English department at Ibn Tofail University towards exam format, and the motivation behind their preferences. In order to achieve these objectives, a qualitative methodology was employed. The subjects of this study are sixteen undergraduate students currently enrolled at the English department at ITU, and three students who recently graduated from the same university. An open-ended questionnaire is used to glean the necessary information, and to allow the subjects to freely express their opinions and attitudes with minimal influence. The collected data is analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings show that ITU’s EFL students believe that MCQ exams cannot properly assess writing skills, or competency in certain courses. The MCQ exam preference is mainly motivated by the practicality of the format, while the written format preference is mainly motivated by the fact that it encourages deep learning, enables higher cognitive levels of thinking, and improves writing skills.
Knowledge on Use of Diaper and Its Impact on Child Health among Mothers of Infants
Authors: Jessy Thomas  
Published: April 2024

The present study aims to assess the knowledge on use of diaper and its impact on child health among mothers of infants. The objectives of the study was to assess the knowledge on use of diaper and its impact on child health among mothers of infants and to find out the association between the knowledge onuse of diaper and its impact of child health among the mothers of infants and selected socio personal variables. Non experimental descriptive study design was used in the study. The data was collected by using a semi structured questionnaire. The collected data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result shows that out of 50 samples majority of the children are of age range 0-2 months, 52% were male children and was first born (54%). Majority of the sample are at age group 26-30 years ( 36%) , 58% samples are educated upto graduate level, 42% of samples were housewives and 48% have family income above 30,000, 94% of children were using disposable diapers ,42% of children using diapers for 3-4 hours and 80% children had no exposure to diaper rash.Among the samples, 56% of mother had moderate knowledge, 34% of mothers had poor knowledge and, 10% of mothers had good knowledge. There is significant association between the age of mother and occupation of mother and there is no association between age of child, sex of child, birth order of child, education of mother, income of family, type of diaper used, duration of diaper used, previous exposure to diaper rash.
Using virtual reality to induce multi-trial inattentional blindness despite trial-by-trial measures of awareness
Authors: Hirschhorn Rony , Biderman Dan , Biderman Natalie , Yaron Itay , Bennet Rotem , Plotnik Meir , Mudrik Liad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnconscious processing has been widely examined using diverse and well-controlled methodologies. However, the extent to which these findings are relevant to real-life instances of information processing without awareness is limited. Here, we present a novel inattentional blindness (IB) paradigm in virtual reality (VR). In three experiments, we managed to repeatedly induce IB while participants foveally viewed salient stimuli for prolonged durations. The effectiveness of this paradigm demonstrates the close relationship between top-down attention and subjective experience. Thus, this method provides an ecologically valid setup to examine processing without awareness.
Differentiating Commonality Particles from Individuality Particles
Authors: Yu-Sandstrom Yansha 
Published: April 2024

The Same Completely Inclusive Faith with Its Principium of Natural Laws of the Compounding-Corresponding-Trinity Presents and Unfolds Through Different Ways and Methods in Science, Philosophy, Religion, etc.” (Abbreviated as Principium. clarify that: The particles not only have the distinction between Commonality Particles and Individuality Particle; any particle compounding and corresponding, also have four major natural standpoint- attributes. Among them, “The Commonality Particle” consistently demonstrate higher stability than “The Individuality Particle” through compounding and corresponding. Similarly, the destruction of “The Commonality Particles” would cause greater harm to humans and nature, potentially even leading to human destruction. Only by adhering to “The Three Great Natural Complementary Laws” of Principium, can humans expand their lives and human society with clarity of mind, saving time and effort while ensuring safe operations
Poliposis Adenomatosa Familiar: Reporte de un Caso
Authors: Robles Villanueva Diego , Robles Mercado Jorge Alberto , Gómez Bernal Mayra Beatriz , Tadeo Hernández Ericka Lesly , Llorente Ramón Alberto 
Published: April 2024

Introducción: Es una enfermedad autosómica dominante que se caracteriza por la presencia de más de 100 pólipos a nivel colorrectal. Es un trastorno poco frecuente y significa menos de 1% de las causas de cáncer colorrectal. Caso Clínico Paciente de 45 años de edad con diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma moderadamente diferenciado grado 2. La colonoscopia muestra más de 100 pólipos y tumoración de colón descendente que ocluye el 90% de luz intestinal. Conclusión La detección oportuna y un consejo genético con la familia directa para prevenir la aparición del cáncer. La cirugía es la base del tratamiento, un abordaje oportuno quirúrgico que permita armonía entre el control de la enfermedad y la morbilidad de ésta.
A Constructive Use of ChatGPT in the Classroom: An Empirical Study
Authors: Ram B Misra  , Li Yang 
Published: April 2024

ChatGPT, launched on November 30, 2022, has been adopted by the industries and academia alike. Students have started using ChatGPT for classroom assignments. In the search for the use of this tool for constructive purposes, the professor of a graduate class (MBA) on supply chain and operations management decided to require students to use ChatGPT to first generate some material for their term papers. Typically, ChatGPT generates one to two pages of original material for the student who is not well-trained in using it, which was the case for the students in this class. Then, the students were asked to use the ChatGPT-generated material as a guide to writing a 10-page long paper with new references and citations added. A comparative study is conducted to determine the usefulness of ChatGPT on this project. The preliminary results indicate that students found ChatGPT useful in generating their own papers. Meanwhile, our analysis shows beginners of ChatGPT have limited capacity to generate high-quality content based on ChatGPT. Also, text mining is conducted to compare the readability and information density of ChatGPT-generated content and students-generated content.
Probing the Oxidation State of Ocean Worlds with SUDA: Fe (ii) and Fe (iii) in Ice Grains
Authors: Napoleoni Maryse , Hortal Sánchez Lucía , Khawaja Nozair , Abel Bernd , Glein Christopher R. , Hillier Jon K. , Postberg Frank 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Characterizing the geochemistry of Europa and Enceladus is a key step for astrobiology investigations looking for evidence of life in their subsurface oceans. Transition metals with several oxidation states, such as iron, may be tracers of the oxidation state of icy ocean moon interiors. Their detection, as well as the characterization of their oxidation states, on the moons’ (plume) ice grains would bring valuable new information about the geochemistry of both the subsurface oceans and surface processes. Impact ionization mass spectrometers such as the SUDA instrument on board Europa Clipper can analyze ice grains ejected from icy moons’ surfaces and detect ocean-derived salts therein. Here we record mass spectra analogs for SUDA using the Laser Induced Liquid Beam Ion Desorption technique for Fe2+ and Fe3+ salts (both sulfates and chlorides). We show that impact ionization mass spectrometers have the capability to detect and differentiate ferrous (Fe2+) from ferric (Fe3+) ions in both cation and anion modes owing to their tendency to form distinct ionic complexes with characteristic spectral features. Peaks bearing Fe3+, such as [Fe3+ (OH)2]+ and [Fe3+ (OH)
a
Cl
b
]−, are particularly important to discriminate between the two oxidation states of iron in the sample. The recorded analog spectra may allow the characterization of the oxidation state of the oceans of Europa and Enceladus with implications for hydrothermal processes and potential metabolic pathways for life forms in their subsurface oceans.
Differences Between Simulated Keratometry and Total Corneal Power in Eyes With Keratoconus and a Formula to Improve IOL Power Calculation Results
Authors: Coutinho Catarina P. , Schiano-Lomoriello Domenico , Mazzotta Cosimo , Ferrise Marco , Hoffer Kenneth J. , Ribeiro Filomena J. , Dias João Mendanha , Savini Giacomo 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
To compare simulated keratometry (SimK) and total corneal power (TCP) in keratoconic eyes, to determine whether the differences are systematic and predictable and to evaluate an adjusted TCP-based formula for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation.

Methods:
In a consecutive series of keratoconic eyes, measurements of SimK, TCP, posterior keratometry, and anterior and posterior corneal asphericities (Q-values) were retrospectively collected. The difference between SimK and TCP was linearly correlated to the biometric parameters. In a separate sample of keratoconic eyes that had undergone cataract surgery, IOL power was calculated with the Barrett Universal II, Hoffer QST, Holladay 1, Kane, and SRK/T formulas using the SimK and an adjusted TCP power. The respective prediction errors were calculated.

Results:

A total of 382 keratoconic eyes (271 patients) were enrolled. An increasing overestimation of SimK by TCP was detected from stage I to III, with a significant correlation between the SimK and TCP difference and SimK in the whole sample (
P
< .0001,
r
2
= 0.1322). Approximately 7% of cases presented an underestimation of SimK by TCP. IOL power calculation with the adjusted TCP improved outcomes, achieving a maximum of 80% of eyes with a prediction error within ±0.50 diopters with the Hoffer QST, Holladay 1, and Kane formulas.

Conclusions:

Overall, SimK overestimated TCP. Such a difference could not be predicted by any variable. The proposed TCP-adjustment formula (TCP
adj
= TCP + 0.56 diopters) in keratoconic eyes for IOL power calculation might be valuable for improving refractive outcomes.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(4):e253–e259.]
ABDpred: Prediction of active antimicrobial compounds using supervised machine learning techniques
Authors: Jana Tanmoy , Sarkar Debasree , Ganguli Debayan , Mukherjee Sandip Kumar , Mandal Rahul Shubhra , Das Santasabuj 
Published: April 2024

Background & objectives:
Discovery of new antibiotics is the need of the hour to treat infectious diseases. An ever-increasing repertoire of multidrug-resistant pathogens poses an imminent threat to human lives across the globe. However, the low success rate of the existing approaches and technologies for antibiotic discovery remains a major bottleneck. In silico methods like machine learning (ML) deem more promising to meet the above challenges compared with the conventional experimental approaches. The goal of this study was to create ML models that may be used to successfully predict new antimicrobial compounds.

Methods:
In this article, we employed eight different ML algorithms namely, extreme gradient boosting, random forest, gradient boosting classifier, deep neural network, support vector machine, multilayer perceptron, decision tree, and logistic regression. These models were trained using a dataset comprising 312 antibiotic drugs and a negative set of 936 non-antibiotic drugs in a five-fold cross validation approach.

Results:
The top four ML classifiers (extreme gradient boosting, random forest, gradient boosting classifier and deep neural network) were able to achieve an accuracy of 80 per cent and above during the evaluation of testing and blind datasets.

Interpretation & conclusions:
We aggregated the top performing four models through a soft-voting technique to develop an ensemble-based ML method and incorporated it into a freely accessible online prediction server named ABDpred (
http://clinicalmedicinessd.com.in/abdpred/
).