bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future reasoning machines: mind and body
Authors: Duffy Brian R. , O'Hare Gregory M.P. , Bradley John F. , Martin Alan N. , Schoen Bianca 
Published: January 2007

PurposeIn investing energy in developing reasoning machines of the future, one must abstract away from the specific solutions to specific problems and ask what are the fundamental research questions that should be addressed. This paper aims to revisit some fundamental perspectives and promote new approaches to reasoning machines and their associated form and function.Design/methodology/approachCore aspects are discussed, namely the one‐mind‐many‐bodies metaphor as introduced in the agent Chameleon work. Within this metaphor the agent's embodiment form may take many guises with the artificial mind or agent potentially exhibiting a nomadic existence opportunistically migrating between a myriad of instantiated embodiments. The paper animates these concepts with reference to two case studies.FindingsThe two case studies illustrate how a machine can have fundamentally different capabilities than a human which allows us to exploit, rather than be constrained, by these important differences.Originality/valueAids in understanding some of the fundamental research questions of reasoning machines that should be addressed.
Machine vision methods for autonomous micro‐robotic systems
Authors: Amavasai B.P. , Caparrelli F. , Selvan A. , Boissenin M. , Travis J.R. , Meikle S. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo develop customised machine vision methods for closed‐loop micro‐robotic control systems. The micro‐robots have applications in areas that require micro‐manipulation and micro‐assembly in the micron and sub‐micron range.Design/methodology/approachSeveral novel techniques have been developed to perform calibration, object recognition and object tracking in real‐time under a customised high‐magnification camera system. These new methods combine statistical, neural and morphological approaches.FindingsAn in‐depth view of the machine vision sub‐system that was designed for the European MiCRoN project (project no. IST‐2001‐33567) is provided. The issue of cooperation arises when several robots with a variety of on‐board tools are placed in the working environment. By combining multiple vision methods, the information obtained can be used effectively to guide the robots in achieving the pre‐planned tasks.Research limitations/implicationsSome of these techniques were developed for micro‐vision but could be extended to macro‐vision. The techniques developed here are robust to noise and occlusion so they can be applied to a variety of macro‐vision areas suffering from similar limitations.Practical implicationsThe work here will expand the use of micro‐robots as tools to manipulate and assemble objects and devices in the micron range. It is foreseen that, as the requirement for micro‐manufacturing increases, techniques like those developed in this paper will play an important role for industrial automation.Originality/valueThis paper extends the use of machine vision methods into the micron range.
Dynamic portfolio management under competing representations
Authors: Östermark Ralf 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo solve the multi‐period portfolio management problem under transactions costs.Design/methodology/approachWe apply a recently designed super genetic hybrid algorithm (SuperGHA) – an integrated optimisation system for simultaneous parametric search and non‐linear optimisation – to a recursive portfolio management decision support system (SHAREX). The parametric search machine is implemented as a genetic superstructure, producing tentative parameter vectors that control the ultimate optimisation process.FindingsSHAREX seems to outperform the buy and hold‐strategy on the Finnish stock market. The potential of a technical portfolio system is best exploitable under favorable market conditions.Originality/valueA number of robust engines for matrix algebra, mathematical programming and numerical calculus have been integrated with SuperGHA. The engines expand its scope as a general‐purpose algorithm for mathematical programming.
Enterprise resource planning competence centres: a case study
Authors: Granebring Annika , Révay Péter 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo describe the establishment of a Swedish enterprise resource planning (ERP) competence centre (CC), with assistance from Finnish colleagues and modelled on their CC.Design/methodology/approachBy outlining the input of Finnish colleagues and using the concept of the Finnish ERP CC, develops the history of the establishment of the Swedish model during 2001‐2003.FindingsFollowing a European IT consultancy company building a new Baan CC in Sweden brings new lessons from the field. Reasons for failure were shown to be: a dropping market, high entry barriers and an underestimation of resources needed for building a new ERP CC. Barriers preventing success in the ERP business were found.Practical implicationsCorporate templates, migrated sites combined with aggressive competitors and demanding price conscious customers have changed the ERP maintenance business and made the organisation hierarchical. Difficulties for new entrants in the ERP service business where customers pick and change supplier.Originality/valuePresented a unique case study that outlines and discusses the mentorship between Swedish and Finnish ERP CC initiatives.
Image labelling in real conditions
Authors: Manuel García Chamizo Juan , Fuster Guilló Andrés , Azorín López Jorge 
Published: January 2007

PurposeAccording to the problems of visual perception, we propose a model for the processing of vision in adverse situations of illumination, scale, etc. In this paper, a model for image segmentation and labelling obtained in real conditions with different scales is proposed.Design/methodology/approachThe model is based on the texture identification of the scene's objects by means of comparison with a database that stores series of each texture perceived with successive optic parameter values. As a basis for the model, self‐organising maps have been used in several phases of the labelling process.FindingsThe model has been conceived to systematically deal with the different causes that make vision difficult and allows it to be applied in a wide range of real situations. The results show high success rates in the labelling of scenes captured in different scale conditions, using very simple describers, such as different histograms of textures.Research limitations/implicationsOur interest is directed towards systematising the proposal and experimenting on the influence of the other variables of the vision. We will also tackle the implantation of the classifier module so that the different causes can be dealt with by the reconfiguration of the same hardware (using reconfigurable hardware).Originality/valueThis research approaches a very advanced angle of the vision problems: visual perception under adverse conditions. In order to deal with this problem, a model formulated with a general purpose is proposed. Our objective is to present an approach to conceive universal architectures (in the sense of being valid with independence of the implied magnitudes).
Contemporary systems and cybernetics
Authors: Rudall Brian H. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeReviews current initiatives in the development of neuron/silicon chips and in biomimetics.Design/methodology/approachA general review and survey of selected research and development topics.FindingsIllustrates the multi‐ and trans‐disciplinary interests of cybernetics and systems and aims to further research and development activity.Practical implicationsThe choice of reviews provides an awareness of the current initiatives and trends in these areas of research and endeavour.Originality/valueThe reviews are selected from a global database and give a studied assessment of current research and development initiatives.
Data visualization and data mining of continuous numerical and discrete nominal‐valued microarray databases for bioinformatics
Authors: Segall Richard S. , Zhang Qingyu 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo present research in the area of the applications of modern heuristics and data mining techniques in knowledge discovery.Design/methodology/approachApplications of data mining for neural networks using NeuralWare Predict®software, genetic algorithms using Biodiscovery GeneSight®(2005) software, and regression and discriminant analysis using SPSS®were selected for bioscience data sets of continuous numerical‐valued Abalone fish data and discrete nominal‐valued mushroom data.FindingsThis paper illustrates the useful information that can be obtained using data mining for evolutionary algorithms specifically as those for neural networks, genetic algorithms, regression analysis, and discriminant analysis.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of NeuralWare Predict®was a very effective method of implementing training rules for neural networks to identify the important attributes of numerical and nominal valued data.Practical implicationsThe software and algorithms discussed in the paper can be used to visualize and mine microarray data.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the discussion on the data visualization and data mining of microarray database for bioinformatics and emphasizes new applicability of modern heuristics and software.
Data fusion: a study of adaptative combinations with incomplete certainty qualification
Authors: Oussalah Mourad 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe first part of this issue investigated the properties of the adaptive rule initially proposed by Dubois and Prade given in the framework of possibility theory, when the certainty qualification is rather expressed in more general t‐norms and t‐conorms connectives. This led to two new family of adaptive rules expressed using residual implication and t‐conorm connective, respectively. The problem of addressing uncertain inputs has also been examined and a waved decomposition has been proposed in PII we study adaptative combinations with incomplete certainty qualification. However, another problem that arises when combining uncertain inputs consists of the relationship between the certainty attached to the inputs and the certainty attached to the output, conceptualized by the resulting distribution when using adaptive combination rule. In other words, how does the combination rule improves or deteriorates the certainty of the overall system? This paper seeks to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachThis paper fully addresses this issue and attempts to evaluate the combination rule from the certainty viewpoint attached to the result in comparison to initial certainty values attached to the inputs.FindingsEspecially, it has been proven that under certain hypotheses, the rule allows the user to hide the local certainties attached to the initial inputs, while highlighting only the certainty due to the lack of consistency among the sources.Originality/valueNew functional adaptative rules are put forward based on residual implicators and t‐conorm operators.
Distributivity and Zadeh's operators
Authors: Tong Xiaojun , Li Hongxing , Chen Mianyun , Lin Yi 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between the property of distributivity and Zadeh's operators.Design/methodology/approachThe results are established by studying the relationship between the condition of distributivity and Zadeh's operations.FindingsWhen the t‐conorm T* and t‐norm T are Zadeh's “intersection” and “union” operations, respectively, or when the pseudo‐addition ⊕ and pseudo‐multiplication ⊗ are Zadeh's “intersection” and “union” operations, respectively, a series of sufficient and necessary conditions for T* and T (or ⊕ and ⊗) to satisfy a distributivity property are obtained. These results are readily applied to semirings.Originality/valueNew theoretical results are discovered and are shown to be useful to the study of triangular operators and applications in intelligent systems.
Regular grammars of L(MT): a language for ecological systems modelling (II)
Authors: Usó‐Domènech J.L. , Vives‐Maciá F. , Mateu J. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a further extension of the regular grammars of the language L(MT).Design/methodology/approachThis language may represent an ecological model, written in a formal mathematical structure.FindingsThe paper presents and develops recognoscitive and generative grammars of sentences (flow equations) together with a synonymy relationship, which characterize the L(MT) language.Originality/valueProvides a discussion of modelling of language.
Parameter identification of an HIV model by the combined Adomian/Alienor method
Authors: Manseur S. , Messaoudi N. , Cherruault Y. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show that a combination of Adomian and Alienor methods can be used to solve the problem of parameters identification of HIV/AIDS model. This model involves a system of three ordinary differential equations.Design/methodology/approachParameters identification leads to the minimization of an error functional given by the sum of variations between measured variables and calculated variables obtained by solving the system of differential equations. We assume that the quantity of healthy cells CD4 + T and the viral load contents in the blood are measured.FindingsThe identification was realized by applying the combined Adomian/Alienor method allowing to reduce the problem to a minimization problem in dimention one.Practical implicationsSimulation results are given for illustration.Originality/valueApplication to parameter identification in an HIV model‐compatible, results to other methods.
Numerical solution of integro‐differential equations by using rationalized Haar functions method
Authors: Maleknejad K. , Mirzaee F. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop rationalized Haar functions to approximate the solutions of the integro‐differential equations.Design/methodology/approachProperties of rationalized Haar functions are first presented, and the operational matrix of the product of two rationalized Haar functions vector is utilized to reduce the computation of integro‐differential equations to some algebraic equations.FindingsNumerical results support the theoretical results.Originality/valuePresents a method for solving integro‐differential equations.
Modern rationality: a cybernetic view
Authors: Sarnovsky Jan 
Published: January 2007

PurposeNowadays integration is the main tendency in the development of natural and human sciences. The discoveries arising on the boundary of individual sciences are the direct expression of scientific knowledge integration. The purpose of this paper is to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachDiscusses the relationships of philosophy, cybernetics and artificial intelligence, and the contribution of cybernetics to philosophy.FindingsSpecified theoretical tools are required to realize integration, in regular, nonstochastic way. Cybernetics can provide those tools. The practical and theoretical significance of cybernetics provokes the actual need of research of the philosophical, methodological and logical assumptions, basic methods and results of cybernetics. Cybernetics is the typical science on the “frontier”; it has close relations with mathematics, physics, logic, biology, etc. and with philosophy. It is not curious that many connections between natural and social sciences are realised just by intercession of cybernetics.Originality/valueExamines the activity of extraordinary intricate systems.
Development of polyamide curable modified epoxy novolac resins with improved adhesion and chemical resistance
Authors: Shukla Vipin , Shukla Ravi , Singh Dharmendra , Singh Mahendra , Bajpai Madhu , Seth Sunita 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo prepare modified epoxy resins from resorcinol, cresol and phenol for improved adhesion and chemical resistance. To evaluate the properties of such modified epoxy resins.Design/methodology/approachEpoxy novolac resins (ENRs) were synthesised by condensing epichlorohydrin with novolacs based on different types of substituted phenols for improving adhesion and chemical resistance. Various compositions were made by incorporating different proportions of polyamide resin. The chemical and adhesive strengths of the conventional epoxy and the modified epoxy resins were characterised.FindingsThe modified ENR using substituted phenols showed significant enhancement of chemical and adhesive strengths over the conventional DGEBA resin. The modified ENR had an increased number of glycidyl groups (thus increased functionality) of resin, which was responsible for improved chemical and adhesive strengths over the conventional DGEBA resin.Research limitations/implicationsThe EPN resins used in the present context was synthesised from phenol, resorcinol and cresol and cured by polyamide resin of different amine values. Besides, it could be synthesised from phenolphthalein p‐aminophenol and p‐ter‐butylcatachol, etc.Practical implicationsThe method developed provided a simple and practical solution to improving the adhesive and chemical resistance of cured epoxy phenol novolac resins.Originality/valueThe method for enhanced adhesive and chemical resistance of cured epoxy was novel and could find numerous applications in surface coating and adhesive.
A study of the effects of the process parameters on the flexographic printing problem “dot bridging” – part II: experimental design and print contrast/density
Authors: Galton David 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe print fault “dot bridging” reduces the printing press efficiency. This study was designed to find the best combination of materials used in normal production which would reduce or eliminate the problems thus increasing efficiency.Design/methodology/approachVarious statistical methods were used to design the experiments and to analyse the experimental results. The experiment included all of the factors which were considered to have an effect on the “dot bridging” print fault.FindingsThe most important conclusion that can be drawn from the results is that the complex interactions between factors included in the process can be characterised. The experiment proved that the problem was not random. The data gathered during the experiment had a direct correlation with the psychometric results. Various factors included in the experiment were found to have a significant influence on print density and print contrast. Contrast and density were selected for analysis as ink film thickness was thought to have an influence on the best looking print samples and the “dot bridging” print fault.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of the experiment were used to optimise the production process particularly the platemaking technique. Data from further experiments would help to optimise more process parameters.Practical implicationsMinitab computer software was used to analyse the results of the experiment thus making it easier to communicate the results to non‐scientific production staff.Originality/valueThis was the first time that the printer concerned had used a scientific approach to problem solving. The end result for the printer was an increase in production efficiency which saved the printer a considerable amount on money.
Enhancement of properties of red iron oxide – aluminium oxide solid solutions anticorrosive pigments
Authors: Ahmed N.M. , Selim M.M. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeSeveral solid solution combinations of aluminium oxide and iron oxide, for the preparation of a new pigment, were investigated to study the effect of aluminium oxide to iron oxide ratio on various properties of the resulting pigments.Design/methodology/approachThe conditions for the preparation of the pigments via solid solution interaction at 1,000°C had been estimated. Characterisation of three different combinations of aluminium oxide and iron oxide were carried out using spectroscopic methods of analysis via X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). Also, evaluation of the pigments prepared, in terms of oil absorption, specific gravity, water‐soluble matter, and pH, using international standard testing methods was performed. The pigments prepared were incorporated in anticorrosive paint formulations based on medium oil alkyd resin as a binder. The physico‐mechanical properties of the relevant paint films were obtained, while their anticorrosive properties were assessed by tests in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution for 28 days.FindingsThe results showed that the anticorrosive protection properties of the pigment prepared were better than their aluminium and iron counterparts.Research limitations/implicationsThe pigments prepared may be used in different applications other than paint formulations. As the concentration of iron oxide increases, the hardness and the anticorrosive protection performance of the paint film increase. As the concentration of aluminium increases, elasticity, impact resistance and ductility also increase. Application of different combinations of these pigments in paint films had been studied. However, investigation of the application of these pigments in other systems such as plastics could also be interesting.Practical implicationsThe pigments prepared can be used as reinforcing filler in different rubber and plastic composites, beside its ferro‐magnetic properties. As the concentration of alumina increased, the reinforcing and magnetic effects decreased and vice versa.Originality/valueIron oxide is an abundant ore in several world countries; it is an inorganic, environmentally friendly material, which exhibits good Moh's hardness. Adding aluminium oxide which is a very light element having a unique flaky structure to iron oxide gave a new pigment that can be used not only in paint formulations, but also in rubber and plastic composites as reinforcing fillers.
Preparation and characterisation of new bioactive polysaccharides based on grafted starch
Authors: El‐Masry A.M. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe preparation and characterisation of new bioactive polymeric materials.Design/methodology/approachNew bioactive polysaccharide were prepared by grafting of acrylonitrile onto water soluble starch and then reacting with bioactive heterocyclic rings. The biological activity, against bacteria, of the materials prepared was studied.FindingsSome of the prepared bioactive materials show high disinfecting power against bacteria.Research limitations/implicationsThe bioactive materials were prepared by grafting acrylonitrile onto starch and then reacting the resulting material with cyanuric acid and 2‐aminothiazole. Many other heterocyclic rings that contain tertiary nitrogen atom or amide nitrogen can also be used.Practical implicationsThe new bioactive materials prepared can be used for disinfecting purposes.Originality/valueSome of the materials prepared were used successfully in killing bacteria, as such, can be used as disinfecting materials.