bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The principle of appointing voivodes and their functions in the Kazan region in the middle of the XVI century
Authors: Хадиев Р.Р. 
Published: April 2024

в статье исследуются проблемы, касающиеся принципа назначения воевод в Казанском крае во второй половине XVI в. В начале 50-х годов территория бывшего Казанского ханства становится частью Русского царства, и начинается процесс формирования воеводской системы управления. В середине 60-х годов в Казанский край были высланы видные представители княжеских родов Руси. Путем анализа исторических источников, содержащих биографические сведения воевод Казанского края второй половины XVI в., предоставляется возможность выявить некоторые закономерности, касающиеся их назначений. Помимо прочего можно выяснить, какие княжеские роды были сосланы на территорию бывшего Казанского ханства. Результатами исследования является следующее: воеводская система управление начала свое становление с первых дней после завоевания Казани. Первыми руководителями города стали лица, возглавлявшие штурм столицы Казанского ханства. Тенденция назначать воеводами в Казань участников взятия продолжалась и в последующие годы. Казанская ссылка 60-х годов оказала сильное влияние на княжеские роды Московского царства и на процесс интеграции полиэтничной в состав государства.
the article examines the problems concerning the principle of appointing voivodes in the Kazan region in the second half of the XVI century. In the early 50s, the territory of the former Kazan Khanate became part of the Russian Kingdom, and the process of forming a voivodeship management system began. In the mid-60s, prominent representatives of the princely families of Russia were sent to the Kazan region. By analyzing historical sources containing biographical information of the voivodes of the Kazan region in the second half of the XVI century, it is possible to identify some patterns concerning their appointments. Among other things, it is possible to find out which princely families were exiled to the territory of the former Kazan Khanate. The results of the study are as follows: The voivodeship management system began its formation from the first days after the conquest of Kazan. The first leaders of the city were those who led the assault on the capital of the Kazan Khanate. The tendency to appoint the participants of the capture as voivodes in Kazan continued in subsequent years. The Kazan exile of the 60s had a strong influence on the princely families of the Moscow Kingdom and on the process of integration of the polyethnic into the state.
Normative legal acts regulating the state historical educational policy of the USSR. An analytical review of modern historiography
Authors: Сотников А.А. 
Published: April 2024

цель: провести обобщающий анализ нормативно-правовых актов, упоминаемых в современных научных публикациях и отражающих государственную историческую образовательную политику СССР. Методы: при проведении исследования применен сравнительно-историографический метод, а также методы наблюдения, обобщения и интерпретации результатов. Результаты: работа с современными историографическими источниками, посвященными исторической образовательной политике СССР, позволила определить перечень упоминаемых нормативно-правовых актов, провести их историографический и статистический анализ. Выводы: в современной историографии отмечается наибольший интерес к нормативно-правовым актам 1930-х гг. При этом официальные документы других десятилетий практически не задействованы в современных исследованиях государственной исторической образовательной политики СССР. Можно утверждать, что нормативно-правовая база, используемая в современной историографии по данной теме, недостаточна для полного и всеобъемлющего изучения исторической образовательной политики за весь период существования СССР.
goal: to conduct a general analysis of legal acts mentioned in modern scientific publications and reflecting the state historical educational policy of the USSR. Methods: when conducting the study, a comparative historiographical method was used, as well as methods of observation, generalization and interpretation of results. Results: work with modern historiographical sources devoted to the historical educational policy of the USSR made it possible to determine the list of mentioned legal acts and conduct their historiographical and statistical analysis. Conclusions: in modern historiography there is the greatest interest in the legal acts of the 1930s. At the same time, official documents from other decades are practically not involved in modern studies of the state historical educational policy of the USSR. It can be argued that the regulatory framework used in modern historiography on this topic is insufficient for a complete and comprehensive study of historical educational policy for the entire period of the existence of the USSR.
The clothes of the St. Petersburg philistine of the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries as a reflection of urban everyday life
Authors: Демидович Д.М. 
Published: April 2024

статья посвящена анализу повседневных практик петербуржцев второй половины XIX – начала XX веков, связанных с выбором, приобретением, хранением и использованием различных видов одежды. Основная цель статьи – исследование особенностей поведения городских обывателей Санкт-Петербурга в вопросах, связанных с одеждой. Для достижения данной цели был решен ряд задач: исследованы законодательные и делопроизводственные источники, регламентировавшие чиновничью и военную одежду; проанализированы источники личного происхождения и газеты для описания практик приобретения, хранения и эксплуатации белья и платья; выявлена стоимость различных видов одежды и изучена ее доступность для различных слоев населения Петербурга рубежа XIX-XX веков. Кроме этого, в статье затрагиваются вопросы траура и особенностей кручинной одежды. На основе широкого круга источников и анализа историографии в статье делается вывод об изменении повседневных практик, связанных с одеждой в исследуемый период: трансформируется не только сама одежда, но и система ее хранения, пошива и обслуживания (стирка, починка). Материалы исследования могут быть интересны не только профессиональному историческому сообществу, но и широкому кругу читателей.
the article is devoted to the analysis of everyday practices of St. Petersburg residents in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries related to the selection, purchase, storage and use of various types of clothing. The main purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the behavior of the urban inhabitants of St. Petersburg in matters related to clothing. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were solved: legislative and clerical sources regulating official and military clothing were investigated; the sources of personal origin and newspapers are analyzed to describe the practices of purchasing, storing and operating underwear and dresses; the cost of various types of clothing is revealed and its accessibility for various segments of the population of St. Petersburg at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries is studied. In addition, the article touches on the issues of mourning and the features of the mourning clothing. Based on a wide range of sources and analysis of historiography, the article concludes that everyday practices related to clothing during the period under study have changed: not only the clothes themselves are being transformed, but also the system of their storage, tailoring and maintenance (washing, mending). The research materials may be of interest not only to the professional historical community, but also to a wide range of readers.
Strengthening international security in East Asia in the concepts of Russia’s foreign policy in 2000-2016
Authors: Астанина Е.А. , Богданова Е.Г. 
Published: April 2024

Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион на данный момент является одним из наиболее динамично развивающихся регионов, играющих значительную роль в мировой политике от обеспечения безопасности и экономики до образования и культуры. Не случайно, что интерес России с начала XXI столетия обращен именно на Восток, особенно к ведущим странам Восточной Азии, с которыми она имеет общую государственную границу. Геополитическое положение России как крупнейшей евразийской державы определяет ее приоритеты в решении глобальных проблем. Одной из первостепенных задач во внешнеполитической деятельности России является укрепление международной безопасности, в частности в Восточной Азии АТР. В статье рассматривается отражение этой задачи в концепциях внешней политики России, принятых в 2000, 2008, 2013 и 2016 гг., определяется Китай как главный партнер в ее решении, а также препятствия на пути ее реализации.
East Asia of the Asia-Pacific region is currently one of the most dynamically developing regions, playing a significant role in world politics from security and economics to education and culture. It is no coincidence that since the beginning of the 21st century, Russia’s interest has been directed specifically to the East, especially to the leading countries of East Asia, with which it shares a common state border. Russia's geopolitical position as the largest Eurasian power determines its priorities in solving global problems. One of the primary tasks in Russia's foreign policy is to strengthen international security, in particular in East Asia and the Asia-Pacific region. The article examines the reflection of this task in the concepts of Russian foreign policy adopted in 2000, 2008, 2013 and 2016, and also identifies China as the main partner in solving it and the main problems that stood in the way of its implementation.
Social and cultural features of assimilation of foreigners with Russian settlers of the Yugra region in the second half of the XIX century
Authors: Веселова Е.А. 
Published: April 2024

автор анализирует различные аспекты ассимиляции, такие как исторический контекст, социально-экономические отношения, бытовые аспекты, культурные факторы, результаты и последствия. Использованы разнообразные источники: статистические данные, мемуары, публицистические работы, фольклорные материалы и др. Сделан вывод, что ассимиляция между русскими и инородцами Югорского края была сложным и многогранным явлением, которое имело различные результаты и последствия для обеих сторон. Ассимиляция не была односторонней или насильственной, а скорее добровольной и постепенной. Она не привела к полному стиранию этнической и культурной идентичности русских и инородцев, а способствовала обогащению и диверсификации их культур. Ассимиляция стимулировала формирование новых социальных групп и общностей с собственными особенностями быта, языка, религии и т.д., внесла свой вклад в экономическое, социальное и культурное развитие Югорского края, способствовала формированию региональной идентичности Югорского края как особого этнокультурного пространства, где сосуществовали и взаимодействовали разные народы и культуры.
the author analyzes various aspects of assimilation, such as historical context, socio-economic relations, everyday aspects, cultural factors, results and consequences. A variety of sources were used: statistical data, memoirs, journalistic works, folklore materials, etc. It was concluded that assimilation between Russians and foreigners of the Yugra region was a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that had different results and consequences for both sides. Assimilation was not unilateral or forced, but rather voluntary and gradual. It did not lead to the complete erasure of the ethnic and cultural identity of Russians and foreigners, but contributed to the enrichment and diversification of their cultures. Assimilation stimulated the formation of new social groups and communities with their own characteristics of life, language, religion, etc., contributed to the economic, social and cultural development of the Yugra region, contributed to the formation of the regional identity of the Yugra region as a special ethnocultural space where people coexisted and interacted different peoples and cultures.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MOOCS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Barat B.T. , Buribaev B.B. , Kalidollina G.Т. , Utegen G.U. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. This article is devoted to the topic of informatization in education. In the context of globalization, the modern education system is undergoing significant changes. The concepts of continuous learning and openness, accessibility are becoming a reality thanks to massive open online courses (MOOCs). The article provides a brief description of the principles of operation of popular educational platforms such as Coursera, edX and others. The MOOC variant proposed by the authors of the work on programming in the state language, which is currently used in the process of studying at the university, is considered. The advantages and disadvantages of e-learning are analyzed.
Keywords: higher education efficiency, massive open online courses (MOOCs), blended learning technology, E-Learning, online learning.
АСҚАБАҚ НЕГІЗІНДЕ СҮТҚЫШҚЫЛДЫ ӨНІМДІ β-КАРОТИНМЕН БАЙЫТУ
Authors: Омаралиева А.М. , Агедилова М.Т. , Ботбаева Ж.Т. 
Published: April 2024

Зерттеулерінің мақсаты өсімдік құрамындағы изопреноидты көмірсутектер - β-каротинді қосылыстармен азық – түлік өнімдерін байыту арқылы жаңа тағамдық сүтқышқылды өнім алу технологиясына негізделген. Жұмыста қышқылсүт өнімдерінің ассортиментін дамытудың перспективалық бағыттарының бірі өсімдік ресурсынан алынған нутриеттермен байыту. Осы тұрғыда сүтқышқылды өнімді асқабақпен байыту, оның құрамдық заты - β-каротиндердің көп болуы жаңа алынатын өнімнің физиологиялық қасиеті мен тағамдық құндылығын арттыруға зор мүмкіндік туғызады. Сонымен қатар өсімдік толтырғыштарын дайындау тәсілдерін анықтау - сүзбе десертіне арналған шикізатты, өсімдік компоненттерін іріктеу қарастырылды.
Сүзбе десертінің микробиологиялық көрсеткіштері, тағамдық және биологиялық құндылығы зерттелді. Полизакваскадағы микроорганизмдердің ара–қатынасы қарастырылды. Асқабақ және асқабақ дәні қосылған сүзбе өнімінің органолептикалық, физика-химиялық көрсеткіштерінің пайыздық мөлшері анықталды. Өсімдік сүзбе десертіндегі витаминдік, аминқышқылдық және минералдық құрамдары зерттеледі. Асқабақ пюресі мен асқабақ тұқымынан толтырғышы бар әзірленген сүзбе десерті мен асқабақ тұқымдарын сақтаудың оңтайлы мерзімдері белгіленді.
Зерттеу идеясының жаңалығы халықты табиғи байытылған функционалдық өніммен қамтамасыз етуді ұсынуда асқабақ езбесі қосылған жаңа β-каротинге бай сүтқышқылды өнімі алынды.
Bo'sag'aviy funksiyalarni qurishga asoslangan ekstensional tipdagi tanib olish operatorlari
Authors: Mirzayev N.M. 
Published: April 2024

Maqolada belgilar fazosining oʻlchami katta ekanligini hisobga olgan holda tanib olish operatorlari modelini qurish masalasi koʻrib chiqilgan. Ushbu masalani yechish uchun lokal qarorlarni qabul qilishga asoslangan original yondashuv taklif qilingan. Taklif etilgan yondashuv asosida lokal boʻsagʻaviy funksiyalarni qurishga asoslangan ekstensional turdagi tanib olish operatorlarining modeli ishlab chiqilgan. Taklif etilayotgan tanib olish operatorlarining parametrik koʻrinishi keltirilgan. Ishlab chiqilgan algoritmlardan foydalanib hal qilinadigan amaliy masalalar koʻlamini kengaytirish va katta oʻlchamli fazoda berilgan obyektlarni tanib olish aniqligini oshirish imkonini beradi.
5. Efek Pemilihan Material Komposit dan Konfigurasi Layer terhadapKekuatan Struktur pada Desain Sayap UAV Sejenis Aerostar
Authors: Sasongko Agung Dwi , Rafif Raihan , Handoko  
Published: April 2024

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) banyak digunakan dalam beberapa aplikasi
baik untuk keperluan sipil ataupun militer. Dalam dunia militer, salah satu kegunaannya adalah sebagai eksekutor dari peran intelijen yakni untuk pengintaian udara dan akusisi target. Dalam setaip misinya, UAV banyak membawa sistem yang cukup berat. Oleh karena itu, struktur sayap UAV harus cukup kuat untuk menahan beban yang mungkin terjadi selama penerbangan. Dalam penelitian ini, analisis numerik digunakan untuk memprediksi respon struktur sayap UAV terhadap beban yang diberikan. Dengan melakukan perbandingan antar material komposit dan konfigurasi layer pada struktur sayap, dapat ditentukan model yang paling baik untuk menerima beban pada sayap UAV. Adapun untuk analisis numerik dilakukan pada perangkat lunak Abaqus. Dengan melakukan simulasi pada kondisi load factor sebesar 3,8, diperoleh bahwa model yang paling baik adalah model dengan komposisi material berupa Woven carbon epoxy dan konfigurasi layer dengan ketebalan skin yang optimum sebesar 1-1,6 mm, ketebalan ribs dan rear spar yang optimum sebesar 1,6 mm serta ketebalan front spar yang optimum sebesar 4 mm.
3. The Geopolitics of Airpower: The Geopolitical Significances of Airpower over South China Sea Conflict
Authors: Larosa Triswan 
Published: April 2024

Kekuatan udara adalah salah satu strategic national power yang memiliki globalcoverage yang sangat luas dan kecepatan reaksi yang tinggi, serta fleksibilitas yang tinggi dalam menghadapi semua kondisi high and low intensity conflict. Oleh karena itu, dalam geopolitical rivalry antar negara yang terjadi di Kawasan Laut Cina Selatan, keberadaan kekuatan udara di Laut Cina Selatan memiliki geopolitical significances yang cukup besar, sehingga negara yang memproyeksikannya memiliki geopolitical advantages untuk menguasai dan mengendalikan Laut Cina Selatan secara permanendan konstan.
Tulisan ini membahas tentang keunggulan spesifik dari penggunaan kekuatan udara yang ditinjau dengan perspektif geopolitik, sehingga dapat dipahami manfaat terbaik secara geopolitis dari penggunaan kekuatan udara dalam Konflik Laut Cina Selatan. Dengan kompleksitas yang ada dalam rivalitas antar negara pada Konflik Laut Cina Selatan, maka tulisan ini menempatkan Laut Cina Selatan sebagai objek fisik yang "diperjuangkan" untuk dikuasai oleh para state actors yang terlibat, sedangkan objek analisa adalah penggunaan kekuatan udara dari state actors tersebut, terutama kekuatan udara milik Cina dan AS yang diproyeksikan terhadap Laut Cina Selatan. Terkait dengan pembahasan tersebut, tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analisis untuk memberikan gambaran secara jelas dan analisanya secara singkat berdasarkan perspektif geopolitik.
The role of echinacoside-based cross-linker nanoparticles in the treatment of osteoporosis
Authors: Hu Dandan , Cheng Chunan , Bian Zhen , Xu Yubo 
Published: April 2024

Background
Current drugs for treating osteoporosis may lead to toxic side effects. Echinacoside (ECH) is a natural small molecule drug. This study examined and compared the therapeutic effects of cross-linker (CL)-ECH and ECH-free nanoparticles on osteoporosis.

Methods
Echinocandin-based CL-ECH nanoparticles were prepared, and the nanoparticle size and drug loading were optimized and characterized by adjusting the ratio. The antioxidant effect of CL-ECH nanoparticles on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was analyzed using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs)-based detection of bone-producing effects was conducted using alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alizarin Red S (ARS) and qRT-PCR. TRAP, phalloidin staining, and qRT-PCR was performed to detect osteogenesis-inhibiting effect on BMDMs. CL-ECH nanoparticles were applied to treat an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model at low doses.

Results
Compared to ECH, CL-ECH nanoparticles suppressed oxidative stress in BMDMs by promoting NRF-2 nuclear translocation, which inhibited the production of both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and osteoclast production through downregulating NF-κB expression, with limited effect on the osteogenesis of BMSCs. In vivo studies showed that low-dose CL-ECH nanoparticles markedly improved bone trabecular loss compared to ECH administration in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Conclusions
The current discoveries provided a solid theoretical foundation for the development of a new generation of anti-bone resorption drugs and antiosteoporosis drugs.
Social Interaction Skills in English Communication
Authors: Brian. Sebial, , Jovelle M. Reyes, , Rose Nannette J. San Juan, , Lirio Jasmin S. Jose, , Jillian Justine P. Palacio, , Kyla Sophia R. Austria, , Chella Mae P. Derpo, , Crislyn Joyce B. Oliveros, , Vincent Dela Cruz, 
Published: April 2024

Aims: The researchers wanted to determine the relationship between social interaction skills in English communication as the researchers noticed that social interaction using the English language is what professionals usually used. They wanted to discover if the HUMSS students are prepared to move up to the next step, which is going to higher education.
Study Design: The design used in this study is Descriptive research.
Place and Duration of Study: Laguna University Senior High School Department.
Methodology: Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences students of Laguna University - Senior High School Department consisting forty-two (42) students were the chosen respondents of the researchers.
Results: There is a significant relationship between the students’ English proficiency and social interaction skills as the results showed that most of the respondents fall under upper intermediate on the English proficiency test. In addition to that, English language in social communication is essential as it helps them to socialize with other people resulting in a very satisfactory skill.
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the students’ English proficiency and social interaction skills.
Effect of Potassium Humate, Phosphorus and Copper on Onion Quantitative and Qualitative Yield
Authors: Nassar Karam. E. M. , EL-Shaboury Hayam A. , EL-Sonbaty Amany E. 
Published: April 2024

Previous research has been limited regarding the combined impacts of copper and potassium humate under various phosphorus fertilization levels on onion crops. So, a field trials were performed during two successive winter seasons of 2021 - 2022 and 2022 - 2023 aiming to evaluate three levels of calcium superphosphate (representing 100 %, 75 % and 50 % of the phosphorus recommended dose) as main plot treatments, along with three levels of potassium humate soil addition ( 0.0 %, 1.0 % and 2.0 % ) as sub-plot treatments. Additionally, foliar spraying of copper was carried out at three different rates (0.0 %, 0.1 % and 0.2 %) as sub-subplot treatments. These factors were examined individually or in combination to assess their impact on onion performance, quantitative yield, and qualitative attributes. Firstly, in terms of the individual effect of phosphorus recommended dose (PRD), the application of 100% of PRD demonstrated superior impacts on onion growth performance, quantitative and qualitative yield compared to 75% and 50% of PRD, respectively. Secondly, focusing on the individual effect of soil addition of potassium humate, all parameters related to growth performance, quantitative and qualitative yield, such as bulb weight and diameter, neck diameter, marketable bulb yield, total dissolved solids (TDS), total sugar (%), carbohydrates, and crude protein, exhibited an increase with higher rates of added potassium humate. Thirdly, the values of all parameters studied increased as the rate of copper application increased, indicating a positive correlation between copper application and onion crop performance. Lastly, the combined treatment of 100% of PRD with 2.0% potassium humate and 0.2% copper recorded the highest values across all measured parameters. Additionally, the combined treatment of 75% of PRD with potassium humate at rates of 1.0% or 2.0%, along with copper at rates of 0.1% and 0.2%, outperformed the individual application of 100% PRD in terms of the measured parameters. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combined addition of potassium humate (as soil addition) and Cu (as foliar application) has a vital role in improving the quantitative and qualitative yield of the as well as raising the efficiency of phosphate fertilizers.