bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intragastric Oxygen and Resuscitation of the Newborn1
Authors: JAMES L. S. , APGAR V. A. , BURNARD E. D. , MOYA F. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYThe absorption of oxygen from the gastro‐intestinal tract was studied in nine asphyxiated and 20 normal infants. There was no evidence of transfer of detectable amounts of oxygen from the gastrointestinal tract to the systemic blood in the asphyxiated group when absorption from the lungs was pathologically impaired or prevented by occlusion of an endotracheal tube. High oxygen levels were promptly achieved when pulmonary ventilation was instituted. Relatively high levels of oxygen in the portal venous blood of normal infants breathing room air could not be attributed to added absorption from the gut since similar values were seen when intragastric nitrous oxide was given.The technique of administering gas into the stomach is not a benign procedure and carries definite dangers. It cannot be considered of any value for resuscitation, nor as an additional source of oxygen for the sick infant.
Ectopic Liver in Omphalocele
Authors: FOCK GUSTAF 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYTwo newborn infants are described, both of whom had a slight omphalocelic anomaly. In both an ectopic lobe was completely detached from the liver itself and located outside the abdominal cavity. In the first case the hepatic lobe had apparently become detached at an early embryonal stage, since the histological picture of the liver was extremely primitive. In the second case the hepatic lobe was perhaps detached in a late intrauterine stage, as its histological picture was characteristic of the mature liver.
Ductus Omphaloentericus et Urachus Persistens
Authors: MOUTZOURIS CHR. , WIELANDT J. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYA case of patent omphaloenteric duct in a 4 months old male infant and one with simultaneous patency of the omphaloenteric and allantoic duct in a 15 days old male infant are reported. The latter is probably the sixth case published. Based on the literature the symptomatology, differential diagnosis, complications and treatment are discussed.
Congestive Heart Failure in Infancy due to Hypothyroidism
Authors: NAJJAR SAMIR S. , NASSIF SAMI I. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYCardiac decompensation as a presenting symptom in hypothyroidism has been described in a premature infant. The cardiac symptoms and abnormal electrocardiographic changes disappeared on thyroid therapy. The incidence and pathogenesis of the so‐called myxedematous heart has been reviewed.
Aetiology and Diagnosis of Fermentative Diarrhoeas
Authors: WEIJERS H. A. , KAMER J. H. VAN DE 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYVarious causes for the development of a fermentative diarrhoea are discussed. The lactic acid content of faeces, which can be determined simply and rapidly, proved to be a reliable criterion for the presence of each form of intestinal fermentation. To diagnose fermentation, lactic acid determination is far preferable to the determination of the pH of the faeces alone, their gas‐forming capacity determined according to Schmidt‐Strassburger, their total content of volatile fatty acids estimated according to Goiffon‐Nepveux or to a bacteriological analysis of the faecal flora.For breastfed children, normal artificially fed children and for children suffering from a fermentative dyspepsia, the excretion with the faeces of lactic acid and of the different low molecular volatile fatty acids is compared and evaluated expressed per 100 g of faeces as well as per 24 hours.
Hereditary Hypoplastic Thrombocytopenia
Authors: SEIP MARTIN 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYThree patients, a mother and two sons, suffering from thrombocytopenic purpura due to deficient production of blood platelets are presented. The disease is thought to be of genetic origin and is called hereditary hypoplastic thrombocytopenia.The number of megacaryocytes was normal or most often moderately increased in the bone marrow, but signs of active platelet production were scarce. The platelet survival determined by means of radiochromium was found to be normal. Platelet antibodies could not be demonstrated (only one of the cases studied). Treatment with corticosteroids or with a combination of anabolic steroids and corticosteroids seemed to be ineffective. In one of the cases splenectomy was performed. A transient normalization of the platelet count was obtained, but the bleeding tendency soon recurred and the patient died, possibly from a pneumococcal infection. In one of the patients certain concomitant malformations were present (bilateral aplasia of the twelfth rib, mild hydronephrosis on the right side). The condition can be regarded as a subgroup of the congenital hypoplastic thrombocytopenia.
The White Blood Cell Count and the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Pertussis
Authors: LAGERGREN JAN 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYThe white blood cell count and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were studied in 180 hospital patients with a clear‐cut diagnosis of pertussis. In children below 6 months, the white blood cell picture favoured a diagnosis of pertussis in only one out of every four or five cases during the first 3 weeks of the disease, but not later. In children over 6 months, absolute leucocytosis and lymphocytosis were noted in the majority during the first 2 weeks of the disease (leucocytosis in 63 % and lymphocytosis in 71 %). During the third and fourth weeks changes in the white cells supported the diagnosis of pertussis in 80% and 50%, respectively. Marked leucocytosis (more than 50,000 leucocytes per mm3. of blood) was noted in 8 cases. I n uncomplicated pertussis the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is usually normal or subnormal and does not appear to vary with the patient's age or the week of the disease.
A Case of Giant Hemangioma with Thrombocytopenia
Authors: PREE MARJA J. DE 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYDescription of a case of large hemangioma with thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, and anemia, reacting well to X‐ray treatment. Forty‐nine cases from the literature are reviewed. These show‐great variation in the localisation and histological findings, clinical course and type of treatment. This disease should not be regarded as harmless in view of the possibility of serious hemorrhages and the not negligible chance of underlying malignancy. An acceptable concept, combining regression of the tumor and simultaneous increase in platelet count, is not known. Until now, radiation treatment and surgical removal of the tumor have been the only successful methods of treatment. Where possible, surgical treatment is to be preferred, since high doses of radiation seem to be required and relapses may follow. In some cases spontaneous regression appears to occur. Fibrinogenopenia of not fully understood etiology has been noted in some cases.
A Study of Specific E. Coli Infections Occurring in a Unit for Surgical Neonates
Authors: LAPATSANIS PETER D. , IRVING IRENE M. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYDuring a 2½ year period 14.6 % of 367 infants who had been subjected to surgery in the neo‐natal period excreted pathogenic E. eoli. Forty‐one per cent of the infected infants developed gastroenteritis; 59 % were symptomless excretors. The highest incidence of infection occurred in infants suffering from Hirschsprung's disease and high rectal atresia. Symptomless excretors were more liable to bacteriological relapse after antibiotic treatment than were infants with gastro‐enteritis.
Physical Work Capacity in Diabetic Schoolchildren
Authors: STERKY GÖRAN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe heart rate at fixed work loads for 129 diabetic schoolchildren in Stockholm and matched controls was determined and evaluations with respect to the subjects' body weight were made.Diabetic boys were significantly shorter and weighed less than the corresponding non‐diabetics. Teenage diabetic girls were heavier than the controls. After puberty diabetic boys and girls had a higher heart rate than the controls during the standard exercise tests. In this respect the diabetics and the controls in the prepuberal ages did not deviate from one another.On the basis of the observations in this investigation and of other studies from this department it is concluded that the reason for the inferior physical work capacity of the diabetics may probably be explained by inadequate training.
Blood Lipids in Diabetic and Non‐Diabetic Schoolchildren
Authors: STERKY GÖRAN , LARSSON YNGVE , PERSSON BENGT 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe fasting blood levels of cholesterol, phospholipids, glycerides and free fatty acids (79 cases only) were determined in a group of 7–20‐ year‐old school children, consisting of 137 diabetics and 121 matched non‐diabetic controls.Age and sex were without significant influence on any of the lipid compounds. Although only‐ a few cases of hyperlipaemia were observed, the mean values for all lipids were relatively higher for the diabetic than for the non‐diabetic group (Fig. 1). The differences were highly significant for phospholipids and free fatty acids, probably significant for cholesterol, but not significant for glycerides.No correlation was found between lipid levels and the age at onset of diabetes, the duration of the disease or the degree of diabetic control. In a few patients with diabetic angiopathy of moderate severity the lipid values did not deviate from those of the uncomplicated cases.When comparing the results with the findings in adult subjects, an increase in blood lipids seems to occur after the end of the adolescent period in both diabetic and non‐diabetic cases. The results are discussed with regard to some known and postulated factors influencing the blood level and metabolism of lipids in the normal and the diabetic population.
Salicylate‐Induced Malformations in Mouse Embryos1
Authors: LARSSON K. SUNE , BOSTRÖM HARRY , ERICSON BIRGITTA 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA single intramuscular injection of 10 mg of sodium salicylate was administered to pregnant mice of the A/Jax strain on one of the 7th to 13th days of gestation. A preliminary report is given of the gross anomalies observed in dissected‐out 18–day embryos. They consisted of severe disturbances in skeletal and vascular development. The embryos seemed to be most sensitive to injection given on the 12th and 13th days of gestation.The possible relation is discussed between development of these anomalies and inhibition of mucopolysaccharide synthesis by salicylates.
Hypothermia Induced during Asphyxiation Its Effects on Survival Rate, Learning and Maintenance of the Conditioned Response in Rats1
Authors: WESTIN BJÖRN , MILLER JAMES A. , BOLES ANN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe effects of hypothermia, induced during asphyxia, on survival and on learning and maintenance of a conditioned avoidance response was studied in 4‐week‐old male rats of the Holtzman albino strain.All animals were asphyxiated in the same gas mixture, consisting of 4% 02, 5 % CO2 and 91 % N2. The mean time of last gasp in this gas mixture, determined in 50 normothermic controls, was 7.40 minutes. No normothermic animal recovered when left at room temperature to recover unaided after the final gasp.One hundred rats were asphyxiated for 8.02 minutes. During the last 5 minutes of the exposure to the gas mixture the animals were cooled in ice water. After this treatment 100 % of 100 hypothermic rats recovered spontaneously.Fifty of the hypothermic rats learned a conditioned avoidance response 24 hours before asphyxiation and were tested again for performance and latency 24 hours after asphyxia. In these, accuracy in performance and latency of the conditioned response were maintained.The remaining 50 hypothermic rats were subjected to the same learning test 24 hours after asphyxiation of the hypothermic rats learned a conditioned avoidance response 24 hours before asphyxiation and were tested again for performance and latency 24 hours after asphyxia. In these, accuracy in performance and latency of the conditioned response. In these the average time to learn and the latency of the conditioned response were slightly prolonged, although the behavior pattern during the learning and the accuracy of performance did not differ from normal controls. However, these effects were seen only in the animals who cooled minimally during the experiment (lowest temperatures 36° to 32°C); the latency and response times of those which cooled more effectively (lowest temperatures 31°to 25°C) were indistinguishable from controls. Six days after asphyxiation all hypothermic animals maintained a normal performance of the conditioned response, suggesting that the observed impairment in the learning animals was of a transient nature.The present results were discussed in relation to the problem of neonatal asphyxia.
III. Disappearance from Plasma and Red‐Cell Uptake of Radio‐Active Iron Injected Intravenously1
Authors: GARBY LARS , SJÖLIN STIG , VUILLE JEAN‐CLAUDE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe behaviour of intravenously injected radioiron in the plasma and its subsequent appearance in newly formed red cells was investigated in 25 infants aged between 0 and 273 days and in two children aged 591 and 931 days.The data are discussed in relation to previous studies concerning the change in red‐cell production that occurs during this period of life. The data indicate a rapid and profound fall in red‐cell production during the first few days after birth, and a very slow rate of haemoglobin synthesis during the following two months. Subsequently the data indicate an increased rate of red‐cell production.The data obtained during the first two weeks of life have also been analysed in terms of a recently proposed model for ferro‐erythro‐kinetics. The results indicate that the haemoglobin synthesis decreases at a very rapid rate (factor of 15–20) during the first 10 days of life. The absolute amount of haemoglobin synthesis at birth is between 2–3 % per day of the total circulating haemoglobin mass.
The Relationship between Hyaline Membranes of the Newborn and the Presence of Other Pulmonary Lesions
Authors: ROBERTSON BENGT 
Published: January 2008

SummaryMembrane thickness and associated histologic pulmonary changes were studied in an autopsy series of 117 neonatal deaths presenting pulmonary hyaline membranes. The ages ranged from 6 hours to 7 days. The thickness of the membranes increased with postnatal age, generally reaching a maximum on the third to fourth day. Intra‐alveolar edema was prominent, especially during the first day, and diminished gradually. There was an increasing incidence of complications with age in the form of inflammation and intra‐alveolar hemorrhage.
Late Neurological Sequelae of Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: DONNER MÄRTA , WASZ‐HÖCKERT OLE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe neurological findings in a follow‐up study of 103 children treated for and cured of tuberculous meningitis in 1949—54, are presented. Fifty children were found to be free of late neurological sequelae, 29 had minor neurological sequelae including 2 with cranial nerve palsies, nystagmus, and ataxia, 13 with mild disturbances of coordination and 10 with symptoms of upper motor neuron lesion without subjective complaints. Gross neurological sequelae were found in 22 cases, including 8 with spastic palsies, 9 with spastic palsies and convulsions, and 5 with convulsions without spastic palsies. Two children were found to have sequelae of spinal lesions; one had paraplegia and the other disturbance of sensation on the dorsum of the left foot. Fourteen children had convulsions.
Staphylococcus Aureus and Infections on Maternity Wards: III. Bacterical Colonization of the Umbilicus and Exchange transfusions
Authors: JALLING B. , LAGERCRANTZ R. , MYRBÄCK K. E. , ENGSTRÖM L. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryBacteriological examinations of the umbilici, blood transfusion‐sets and patients' blood were performed at 28 exchange transfusions via the umbilicus 0‐7 days after delivery. Most of the umbilici were colonized with bacteria at the time of exchange. No case of septicemia or omphalitis occurred.Nebocetin as powder or lotion did not sterilize the cords but possibly protected sterile cords from becoming infected.Daily spray with Nobecutan did not protect the umbilici from becoming contaminated. The effect on the infection of Nobecutan was not better than that of Xeroform powder. No clinical colonization occurred. Contamination with S. albus may have protected against colonization with S. aureus. Most strains were sensitive to most of the common antibiotics.
Acid‐Base and Electrolyte Changes during Exchange Transfusion
Authors: BODA D. , TÓTH GY. , MURÁNYI L. , ECK E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn connection with blood exchange transfusions carried out on forty newborn infants it has been found that the majority of the newborns requiring exchange transfusion have metabolic acidosis increasing to possibly critical severity by the end the exchange transfusion. The acidosis, however, is soon normalized spontaneously. Pretreatment with sodium bicarbonate infusion normalizes the pretrans fusion shift in acid‐base balance and vents the development of a severe acidosis following the exchange transfusion without risking a subsequent alkalosis.Before exchange transfusion a slight hypernatraemia has often been observed and this increases transiently after blood exchange. Pretreatment with infusion did not modify this phenomenon. In our material no hyperpotassaemia has been encountered by the end of ex‐ change transfusion. I n response to pre‐treatment with sodium bicarbonate infusion the plasma K+ level decreased slightly.By promoting the conjugation of bilirubin to proteins, pretreatment with sodium bicarbonate may presumably improve also the efficiency of the exchange transfusion; this, however, requires further proof.
Effect of Lung Expansion on the Fetal Lamb Circulation
Authors: ENHÖRNING GÖRAN , ADAMS FORREST H. , NORMAN ANNE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe change in pulmonary blood flow as a result of expansion of the lungs with 100‐200 ml of nitrogen was studied in eleven fetal lambs. The fetal circulation was evaluated by simultaneous injection of 5% sodium chloride into the left ventricle and indocyanine green into the right ventricle and by recording the concentration of these indicators in the right carotid artery and right femoral artery.During the control period, prior to lung expansion, most of the right ventricular output bypassed the lungs; in fact, there was no detectable pulmonary blood flow in six of the lambs. As long as the lungs were forcibly maintained expanded there was no increase in pulmonary blood flow, but when the expanding nitrogen was given free outlet again there was a change in the distribution of right ventricular output in nine of the lambs. The portion passing through the lungs increased in eight lambs but decreased in one.In two lambs the lungs were expanded with 100 ml of Dextran. This did not affect pulmonary blood flow although the following expansion with 100 ml of nitrogen in both instances caused more of the right ventricular output to be distributed to the lungs.It is concluded that surface tension in the newly formed air‐liquid interfaces of the expanded alveoli may decrease resistance to pulmonary blood flow.
Measles Vaccination VI. Serological and Clinical Follow‐up Analysis 18 Months after a Booster Injection
Authors: NORRBY E. , LAGERCRANTZ R. , GARD S. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwenty‐one children given three monthly doses of a formalin‐killed vaccine at the age of ½ to 2 years and a booster of the same product or purified hemagglutinin 22 months later were submitted to a serological and clinical follow‐up 18 months after the booster.Eleven chiIdren had been exposed to measles. Only one of these displayed symptoms. This case showed an atypical behaviour and was associated with a bronchopneumonia of short duration. Increase in antibody titers indicated symptom‐less infections in four cases with and one without known exposure.During the time 8 to 18 months after the booster the average decline in HI and CF antibody titers was about two‐fold.
Tay‐Sachs Disease
Authors: EEG‐OLOFSSON ORVAR , KRISTENSSON KRISTER , SOURANDER PATRICK , SVENNERHOLM LARS 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA detailed histological and biochemical study was performed on autopsy material from an advanced case of typical infantile amaurotic idiocy in a non‐Jewish boy.Many nerve cells were distended by accumulated glycolipids, but in others no signs of storage were seen in the cell body while large amounts of lipids had accumulated in balloon‐shaped swellings of the axons at varying distances from the perikaryon, indicating an axonal transport of the gangliosides. The glial cells contained materials which gave a primary fluores cence and had histochemical properties characteristic for lipofuscin. Histochemically the visceral organs did not show any glycolipid storage of the same type as in the nervous system.Chemical analysis showed an aecuniulation in brain of ceramide sialyl‐N‐trihesoside (ganglioside GM2) which has been found in all other typical cases studied. There was a very advanced degeneration of myelin sheathsand most neutralglycolipidsin brain had similar ceramideportion as gangliosicles which suggest an intimate metabolic relationship. In liver and spleen a ganglioside with the same carbohydrate moiety as in brain ganglioside was isolated. Its ceramide portion had a composition that was intermediate between that of gangliosides from the nervous system and from normal liver and spleen. Therefore, it is proposed that one part of the liver gangliosisides was for med in the nervous system and transported to these organs and the other part is formed in situ. The finding of Tay‐Sachs ganglioside with the same fatty acids as in norinal liver gangliosides suggests that Tay‐Sachs disease is a generalized disorder.The enzymic lesion in Tay‐Sachs disease is discussed. It is stated that a lack of a glycolipid β‐N‐acetylgalactosaminidase is still the most plausible explanation for the biochemical changes in this disease.
Fatal BCG Infection in an Infant with Congenital, Lymphocytopenic Agammaglobulinemia
Authors: CARLGREN L. E. , HANSSON C. G. , HENRICSSON L. , WÅHLÉN P. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case is described of fatal, disseminated BCG infection in an infant with lymphocytopenic agammaglobulinemia. The report includes clinical, pathologico‐anatomic and bacteriologic findings. A short review of the cases reported in the literature is given. The relation of the BCG infection to the immunologic defect is discussed as well as possible prophylaxis and therapy.
Congenital Alkalosis with Diarrhea
Authors: YSSING M. , FRIIS‐HANSEN B. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case of congenital alkalosis with diarrhea has been described in a newborn male infant. The characteristic finding in the disease is the combination of persistent metabolic alkalosis and watery stools with a high concentration of chloride. The disorder was presumably present already during fetal life and manifested itself from the neonatal period. In spite of treatment the patient died when twelve months old.