bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KONSEP BELAJAR MENURUT PANDANGAN IMAM AL-GHAZALI PERSPEKTIF HADIST TARBAWI
Authors: Wulandari Fitri , Husni Hoer Uus 
Published: February 2025

Hadis dalam dunia Pendidikan berfungsi sebagai penafsiran terhadap Al-Quran, sehingga hadis tidak dianggap hanya sebagai dasar pendidikan Islam. Kebenaran dalam Hadist itu sejalan dengan kebenarannya yang dapat diterima oleh akal sehat dan bukti sejarah yang tersedia dalam sejumlah literatur. Konsep belajar nabi Muhammad SAW yaitu memberikan manfaat sebagai rahmatan lil ‘alamin, dengan sifatnya yang luas dan universal nabi Muhammad SAW menyampaikan kebenar secara mutlak dan dapat dibuktikan secara ilmiah. Nabi Muhammad Saw sebagai figur identifikasi (uswah hasanah) Setiap tindakan nabi digambarkan sebagai contoh (uswah hasanah) untuk umatnya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui tafisr hadist beserta konsep belajar yang diterapkan imam Al-Ghazali melihat pada pandangan tafsri hadist. Penelitian ini menggunakaan Kualitatif deskriptif metode Library Resarce. Teknik Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik dokumentasi yaitu mengumpulkan bahan-bahan, dan studi literatur yakni mempelajari bahan-bahan yang berkaitan dengan objek penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan sejak tahap pengumpulan data proses analisis telah dilakukan, penulis menggunakan strategi analisis “kualitatif”.Tokoh Pendidikan yang mengimplementasikan konsep belajar Rosulloh SAW salah satunya Imam Al-Ghazali. Beliau merupakan tokoh pendidikan yang sejak kecilnya dikenal sebagai seorang anak pencinta ilmu pengetahuan dan mencari kebenaran yang hakiki, sekalipun diterpa duka cita, dilanda aneka rupa duka nestapa dan sengsara. Dalam kurikurum konsep belajar yang dikemukan Al-Ghazali adalah mendekatkan diri kepada Allah SWT dengan mencari ilmu pengetahuan, metode yang digunakan yaitu metode khusus Pendidikan dan metode penerapan akhlaq.
Factors Influencing Uptake of Health Insurance Schemes in Karatu District, Tanzania
Authors: Mhapa William Elias , Tenambergen Wanja Mwaura , Mwangi Eunice Muthoni 
Published: February 2025

Strengthening health systems require a focus on six essential pillars of any health infrastructure system. This study focused on health financing pillar with an aim of promoting risk pooling. Tanzania subscribes to the global efforts of eradicating poverty. By 2016, only 20% of the Tanzanian total population were enrolled in health insurance systems. Little is known concerning the low registration of Tanzanians to health insurance systems despite the growing number of health insurance schemes over the past years. The objective of this study was to investigate factors influencing uptake of health insurance among the residents of Karatu District in Arusha, Tanzania. A cross sectional descriptive survey research design was used in this study. The study population consisted of 45,065 households from which 381 households were drawn using stratified systematic sampling. Data was collected from the heads of households using a structured questionnaire. Uptake of health insurance in Karatu District was low, with only 109 (32.7%) being enrolled into health insurance. Results show that there was a significant association between status of marriage, gender, age, education level, size of house unit, source of income, monthly income, affordable premiums of Tsh10,000 and uptake of health insurance at a p value<0.05. Results obtained from binary logistics regression analysis indicated that knowledge of benefits (p <0.05, OR=1.5, 95% CI [.417-2.37) had a significant association with uptake of health insurance. The conclusion is that a plethora of elements that motivate the decision of house units to take up health insurance schemes include; house unit size, education level, status of marriage and age, source of income, monthly income, affordable premiums of Tsh10,000. The study recommends enhanced health insurance awareness initiatives, specifically insurance benefits, registration processes, communication mechanisms, and how to access health services from health facilities who have contract with the health insurance service provider.
Factors that Influenced Clinic Utilization by Diabetes Mellitus Type II patients during COVID-19 Pandemic at The Kakamega County General Hospital
Authors: Mulanda Carolyne  Mukhaya , Mwaura-Tenambergen Wanja , Njoroge Kezia 
Published: February 2025

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has an estimated global disease burden of 85- 89%, a prevalence rate of 5.3% in Kenya, and an increased mortality hazard. While sounding an alert at the onset of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the World Health Organization (WHO) noted the greater risk of COVID-19 deaths in older individuals and those with chronic diseases like DM. This study examined the influence of exposure variables such as patient characteristics, disease complexity, facility-related factors, and COVID-19 restrictions on utilization of diabetes mellitus type II (DM II) clinics during the Covid-19 pandemic at Kakamega County General Hospital (KCGH). The study employed cross sectional survey research design. A sample size of 211 randomly sampled DM II patients and 6 health care workers purposively sampled for Focused Group Discussion (FGD) was obtained from a target population of 467 DM II patients attending diabetes clinic at KCGH, and 12 healthcare workers. Data was collected using structured questionnaire for the DM II patients, and an interview guide for FGD. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically, while descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Findings revealed a significant association of p<0.05 between 6 out of 10 exposure variables investigated and the outcome variable. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the highest odds ratio of 2.0 for medication availability and lowest odds ratio of 0.3 for lack of family support. The study recommends that KCGH, superintendent, in consultation with healthcare workers in charge of the diabetes clinic and the county department of health develops a strategy to implement telemedicine adaptation policies and surveillance to reduce in person clinic visits. In addition, KCGH superintendent should collaborate with the national health ministry to establish a resilient medical supply policy for pandemics.
Enhancing Infant Feeding Practices through Nutrition Behaviour Change Communication among Mothers in Marsabit County, Kenya
Authors: Liban Rufo , Mapesa Job , Wafula Charles 
Published: February 2025

Adherence to proper feeding practices for infants and young children has proven to significantly decrease instances of malnutrition in countries with lower to middle incomes. Despite this, little is known about the impact of behaviour change communication on infant feeding practices, specifically in Marsabit County. The objective of this study was to investigate how adherence to nutrition behaviour change communication affects the way mothers feed their infants and young children. Using a cross-sectional descriptive survery design, data was collected from four sub-counties in Marsabit County. The sample included 316 participants who were mothers or caregivers of children <5 years from the total target population. The sample was obtained using cluster sampling and simple random sampling techniques. Closed-ended questionnaires were used to collect data. The data was analysed using descriptive and chi-square statistics with SPSS v25. Around 46% of the participants had received primary school education. Majority of the mothers were between 21 to 30 years (50.9%), and 86.1% were married. Individualized counseling sessions (84.5%) and household outreaches (81.6%) were the most frequently employed interpersonal counseling and communication approaches. Group-oriented methods such as social networks (86.2%) and group education (95.1%) proved most effective in promoting proper feeding practices for infants and young children (p < 0.05). There were no significant associations (p > 0.05) between interpersonal counseling and communication strategies and socio-demographic factors like age, education, marital status, and place of birth. Group-based approaches were notably influenced by education (p = 0.03) and place of birth (p = 0.02). The community's acceptance of infant and young child feeding practices via both interpersonal counseling and communication and group-based counseling approaches have been implemented by the Marsabit County Government. However, this achievement has not translated into the anticipated improvement in nutrition outcomes or the reduction of malnutrition in Marsabit as anticipated
Developing and Growing the Church Through Missionary Work: A Case of Methodist Church in Kenya
Authors: Kinoti Mary , Nteere Nicholas Mutwiri 
Published: February 2025

Developing and growing the church requires great commitment, zeal, and passion. This obligation requires a group of individuals determined to promote a local incarnation of the body of Christ through themselves. In order to develop and grow the church, misionaries need to espouse the discernment of spiritual endowments of the congregation, and inspire them to use these gifts in planting of churches. This initiative affirms the centrality of missionary work in developing and growing the church. The Methodist Church started planting Churches in Kenya 150 years ago. Eventually, the Methodist Church in Kenya (MCK) became autonomous. Since then, the Church has grown in different parts of the country. This growth is attributable to the motivation of missionary work that has led to the planting of churches in rural and urban areas. Missionary work during the days of early Christianity was very effective in establishing the basis for the present Christian practice. However, over time, the church seems to have abandoned missionary work in their quest to develop and grow the church. Nonetheless, the Methodist Church in Kenya has used different strategies to grow the church. These strategies need to be evaluated in line with biblical foundations and relevant literature. Thus, this article explores the use of missionary work in developing and growing the church. The article adopted a qualitative approach. Data was collected from secondary sources, and analyzed through themes and patterns. The findings indicate that missionary work is the sine qua non or integral part for church growth. The study recommends that the church sustains missionary work, since through the missionary work, communities and the entire world will be changed for God
The impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on farmer input supply in small-scale maize production in Mashonaland east province Zimbabwe
Authors: MUTASA FADZAI , MUNYAVHI ARCHEFORD , CHIRISA INNOCENT 
Published: February 2025

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine created economic impacts felt across the whole world and has high potential to derail the economic outlook for Zimbabwe among many other countries that heavily depend on imports. Starting in early 2022, fertiliser prices rose almost 30% due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In this study, the effect of the RussiaUkraine conflict on the cost of maize inputs, maize productivity and profitability of maize production was evaluated in Chikomba District, located within Mashonaland East Province for the 2021-2022 and 2022- 2023 maize growing seasons. Simple random sampling was used to obtain a sample size of 385 participants derived from the conversion of a standard deviation of 0.5 at a 95% confidence level into a z-score. Questionnaires were used to obtain primary data from the participants. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) and gross margin budget analysis were used to evaluate the profitability of maize production. Out of the five explanatory variables that had a significant impact on maize productivity, AN use had the most significant effect in both seasons, 2021/22 and 2022/23, with (B=0.575, p=0.025) and (B=0544, p=0.025), respectively. Given that the Russia-Ukraine conflict period was characterised by exorbitant AN price increases that reduced affordability by many smallholder farmers across Zimbabwe, it therefore, means that the conflict has had a negative impact on maize productivity by farmers. This is due to the use of a lower fertiliser rate in response to the 57% and 71% price hike in basal and top-dressing fertiliser, respectively, lowering the yield/productivity of maize, meaning that there will be less maize to sell for covering costs and making a profit. The reduction in input levels lowered both the cost of production and the potential yield that could be produced for the market. There is need for further study aimed at developing solutions that enhance the farmers‟ resilience to the effects of conflict on input prices, productivity and profitability of maize production
Collective Action For Rural Development Insights From Chimanimani Rural District Of Zimbabwe
Authors: Marango Timothy , Chitongo Leonard , Musarandega Happwell 
Published: February 2025

Despite considerable financial investments made since independence in 1980 to achieve rural development, there is not much tangible improvement in the lives and livelihoods of individuals, families and communities in Zimbabwe. The crux of the matter is lack of collective community action. Community collective action is a crucial social capital that can stir rural development. We argue that collective action has a huge potential to achieve sustainable people-centred development. The study adopts a case study approach, analysing the role played by community collective action in rural development in Chimanimani Rural District (CRD), Zimbabwe. A sample of 220 respondents were conveniently selected. Likert scale data was randomly collected from five out of 23 wards of the CRD. A descriptive data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0. Emerging from the study, failure to invest appropriately in efforts designed to strengthen community collective action appears to be the missing link in rural development in African communities, including the CDR. The study concluded that community collective action is the major factor influencing rural development. It is a resilience builder that promotes trust among inhabitants of a community. The study recommends that development planners, scholars and policy-makers should go back to the drawing board and consider community collective action as a resilience strategy in development.
Bioethics and Brains
Authors: Shook John R. , Giordano James 
Published: February 2025

How neuroethics can be increasingly relevant and informative for inclusive social policy and political discourse about brain science and technologies.
Neuroethics, a field just over two decades old, addresses both ethical issues generated in and by brain sciences and the neuroscientific studies of moral and ethical thought and action. These foci are reciprocally interactive and prompt questions of how science and ethics can and should harmonize. In Bioethics and Brains, John R. Shook and James Giordano ask: How can the brain sciences inform ethics? And how might ethics guide the brain sciences and their real-world applications?
The authors' structure for a disciplined neuroethics reconciles science and ethics by requiring ethical principles consistent with moral neuroscience and moral psychology. Their cosmopolitan perspective looks beyond Western theories toward a new metaethics for neuroethics and illustrates its approach in chapters that address the issues and approaches to questions and problems generated by the proliferation of neurotechnology in global contexts. Shook and Giordano posit that neuroethics can merge science and ethics toward establishing global consensus on guiding brain research, neurotechnological innovation, and grounding neurorights.
Unmet Needs, Quality of Life, and Financial Toxicity Among Survivors of Lung Cancer
Authors: Hsu Melinda L. , Boulanger Mary C. , Olson Sarah , Eaton Cyd , Prichett Laura , Guo Matthew , Miller Mattea , Brahmer Julie , Forde Patrick M. , Marrone Kristen A. , Turner Michelle , Feliciano Josephine L. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceDespite a growing population of survivors of lung cancer, there is limited understanding of the survivorship journey. Survivors of lung cancer experience unmet physical, social, emotional, and medical needs regardless of stage at diagnosis or treatment modalities.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of unmet needs with quality of life (QOL) and financial toxicity (FT) among survivors of lung cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis survey study was conducted at Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center thoracic oncology clinics between December 1, 2020, and September 30, 2021, to assess needs (physical, social, emotional, and medical), QOL, and FT among survivors of lung cancer. Patients had non–small cell lung cancer of any stage and were alive longer than 1 year from diagnosis. A cross-sectional survey was administered, which consisted of an adapted needs survey developed by the Mayo Survey Research Center, the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity measure, and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 QOL scale. Demographic and clinical information was obtained through retrospective medical record review. Data analysis was performed between May 9 and December 8, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSeparate multiple linear regression models, treating QOL and FT as dependent variables, were performed to assess the adjusted association of total number of unmet needs and type of unmet need (physical, emotional, social, or medical) with QOL and FT.ResultsOf the 360 survivors of lung cancer approached, 232 completed the survey and were included in this study. These 232 respondents had a median age of 69 (IQR, 60.5-75.0) years. Most respondents were women (144 [62.1%]), were married (165 [71.1%]), and had stage III or IV lung cancer (140 [60.3%]). Race and ethnicity was reported as Black (33 [14.2%]), White (172 [74.1%]), or other race or ethnicity (27 [11.6%]). A higher number of total unmet needs was associated with lower QOL (β [SE], −1.37 [0.18]; P &amp;lt; .001) and higher FT (β [SE], −0.33 [0.45]; P &amp;lt; .001). In the context of needs domains, greater unmet physical needs (β [SE], −1.24 [0.54]; P = .02), social needs (β [SE], −3.60 [1.34]; P = .01), and medical needs (β [SE], −2.66 [0.98]; P = .01) were associated with lower QOL, whereas only greater social needs was associated with higher FT (β [SE], −3.40 [0.53]; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this survey study suggest that among survivors of lung cancer, unmet needs were associated with lower QOL and higher FT. Future studies evaluating targeted interventions to address these unmet needs may improve QOL and FT among survivors of lung cancer.
Visual Impairment and Suicide Risk
Authors: Kim Chung Young , Ha Ahnul , Shim Sung Ryul , Hong In Hwan , Chang In Boem , Kim Young Kook 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceSuicide is a substantial public health concern that involves various recognized contributing factors. Sensory impairments, specifically visual impairment, are deemed potential risk factors. Nonetheless, comprehensive information about associated risk levels and underlying determinants remains limited.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between visual impairment and different aspects of suicide, including the assessment of risk levels and exploration of potential contributing factors.Data SourcesAn electronic search was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to February 8, 2024.Study SelectionAll published studies were considered without restrictions on study design, publication date, or language.Data Extraction and SynthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted the published data using a standardized procedure in accordance with the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate pooled effect sizes. Multiple meta-regression analyses were conducted to identify potential factors contributing to the association between visual impairment and the risk of suicide.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome measure was the odds ratio (OR) of suicidal behavior (including suicide attempt and suicide death) for individuals with visual impairment compared with those without. The secondary outcome measures were the pooled ORs of suicidal ideation and suicide death, respectively.ResultsA total of 31 population-based studies with 5 692 769 unique individuals (mean [SD] age, 48.4 [8.5] years; 2 965 933 females [52%]) were included. For 17 studies (5 602 285 individuals) that evaluated suicidal behavior, the pooled OR was 2.49 (95% CI, 1.71-3.63). For 21 studies (611 899 individuals) that assessed suicidal ideation, the pooled OR was 2.01 (95% CI, 1.62-2.50). For 8 studies (5 067 113 individuals) investigating the association between visual impairment and suicide death, the pooled OR was 1.89 (95% CI, 1.32-2.71). The multiple meta-regression model identified age group as a predictive factor associated with suicidal behavior, with the studies included suggesting that adolescents were at the highest risk. While this analysis showed moderate heterogeneity for suicide death, high heterogeneity was observed for suicidal behavior and suicidal ideation.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis support the association between visual impairment and increased risk of suicidal tendencies. The risk differed by age group, with a pronounced risk observed among adolescents.
Shape‐Programmable Adaptive Multi‐Material Microswimmers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Tan Liyuan , Yang Yang , Fang Li , Cappelleri David J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFlagellated microorganisms can swim at low Reynolds numbers and adapt to changes in their environment. Specifically, the flagella can switch their shapes or modes through gene expression. In recent years, efforts have changed to achieve adaptive microswimmers mimicking real microorganisms from traditional rigid microswimmers. However, even though some adaptive microswimmers achieved by hydrogels have emerged, the swimming behaviors of the microswimmers before and after the environment‐induced deformations are not predicted in a systematic standardized way. In this work, experiments, finite element analysis, and dynamic modeling are presented together to realize a complete understanding of these adaptive microswimmers. The multi‐material adaptive microswimmers used in this study are fabricated by photolithography and two‐photon polymerization. The above three parts are cross‐verified proving the success of using such methods, facilitating the bio‐applications with shape‐programmable and even swimming performance‐programmable microswimmers. The newly fabricated microswimmer also shows an improved velocity of 11.8 body lengths per second. Moreover, an application of targeted object delivery using the proposed microswimmer is successfully demonstrated. Finally, cytotoxicity tests are performed to prove the potential for using the proposed microswimmer for biomedical applications.