bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heptafluoropropylation of Various Substituted Thiophenes with Bis(heptafluorobutyryl) Peroxide. Preparation of 3-Heptafluoropropylthiophene
Authors: Yoshida Masato , Yoshida Tatsuro , Kamigata Nobumasa , Kobayashi Michio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The heptafluoropropylations of several substituted thiophenes with bis(heptafluorobutyryl) peroxide were studied. The orientations of the heptafluoropropylation were examined and compared with those of usual electrophilic substitution. The method for the preparation of 3-heptafluoropropylthiophene was also explored.
Preparation and Complex Formation of Polymers Anchoring 2-Oxazolidinone
Authors: Ishikawa Tomomichi , Nishizuka Hidehiko , Kawai Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Polymers anchoring 3-unsubstituted 2-oxazolidinone were prepared and their complex formation with phenol and mercury(II) acetate were investigated. Preformed poly(4-hydroxystyrene) was treated with tris(2,3-epoxypropyl) isocyanurate to give a polymer containing 2-oxazolidinone residues within the limits of 57.7 mol%. Polymers carrying 2-oxazolidinone were also prepared through the homopolymerization and copolymerization of 4-(2-oxo-5-oxazolidinylmethoxy)phenyl acrylate. The effective concentration of 2-oxazolidinone residue in the polymers, which is accessible to phenol, was determined on the assumption that the polymer-bound 2-oxazolidinone and phenol formed a 1 : 1 complex. 2-Oxazolidinone and a mercury atom formed a 2 : 1 complex; this relation on the molar ratio applies to all forms of complexes between the mercury atom and the 2-oxazolidinone residue in the polymers.
Aryliminodimagnesium Reagents. XIV. Reactions with Nitrobenzenes Having Electronegative ortho-Substituents. Effects of Reaction Conditions on Condensation, Replacement, and Substitution
Authors: Okubo Masao , Inatomi Yoshito , Taniguchi Naoki , Imamura Kaori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In reactions of ArN(MgBr)2 with o-MeO- and o-halo-substituted nitrobenzenes, types and yields of products were different from those in its reactions with m- and p-substituted substrates. Condensation (leading to unsymmetrical azoxy- and azobenzenes), o-substituent replacement, and nuclear substitution took place. Relative yields of products were greatly affected by substituents and reaction conditions. o-MeO and o-F favor replacement, while o-Cl, o-Br, and o-I favor substitution. Replacement and/or substitution predominate when small molar excess of reagent and low concentration are used, while condensation predominates when large molar excess of reagent and high concentration are used, which phenomenon is mechanistically discussed.
Efficient Electron Flux Conversion from Strongly Hydrophilic NADH Model in the Transmembrane Electron Transfer by Flavolipid
Authors: Hamachi Itaru , Kobuke Yoshiaki , Tabushi Iwao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By using a strongly hydrophilic NADH model, BzNAHCOOK in the external electron donor, a transmembrane electron transport to the internal acceptor, K3[Fe(CN)6] through the flavolipid (1) was observed. BzNAHCOOK was proved to be an appropriate NADH model in the transmembrane electron transport study because of (i) the very low permeability through the bilayer membrane (k=1.0×10−3 s−1) and (ii) the slow hydration rate (k=1.1×10−5 s−1). The artificial liposome modified with the flavolipid showed a 6–7 times more efficient electron flux conversion from BzNAHCOOK to K3[Fe(CN)6] than the liposome modified with the ubiquinone 10, a biologically important electron carrier. In association with the electron transport, electrochemical oxidation and reduction peaks of the flavolipid incorporated into the liposomal membrane were observed clearly by using Hg-electrode.
Peptide Synthesis in Alcohol Solvents by the Mixed Anhydride Method Using Dimethylphosphinothioyl Chloride
Authors: Ueki Masaaki , Saito Takashi , Sasaya Jun , Ikeda Shigeru , Oyamada Hidekazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The formation and coupling of the dimethylphosphinothioic mixed anhydrides of protected amino acids can be performed in alcohol solvents. Sparingly soluble protected C-terminal segments of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) up to the heptapeptide stage were synthesized by this technique and fully characterized.
State of Polarization of Light Scattered by Anisotropic Spherical Particles
Authors: Sano Yoh 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Using the light-scattering theory of Rayleigh–Gans, theoretical expressions were derived for the state of the polarization of light scattered by anisotropic spherical particles in the case of linearly polarized incident light with its electric vector inclined by an angle ψ to the scattering plane. The azimuth angle of the ellipse of the light scattered is a function of only the scattering angles, θ and ψ; the ellipticity of the ellipse of the scattered light is always equal to zero, meaning that the scattered light is linearly polarized for linearly polarized incident light. The degree of polarization of the scattered light, P, defined as the ratio of the polarized component to the total intensity of the scattered light, depends on the intrinsic anisotropy, pm, the relative refractive index of the sphere to the solvent, m, and θ together with the angle ψ. Although P for isotropic spherical particles is always equal to 1 at any θ, P for anisotropic spherical particles is smaller than 1.0, but close to 1.0 if the incident light is unpolarized or linearly polarized with ψ=30°. If ψ is smaller than 30°, P varies from 1.0 to 0, depending strongly on the pm and m of the anisotropic sphere. It has been suggested that the determination of P as a function of ψ and θ would provide good information about the optical intrinsic anisotropy of anisotropic spherical particles.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Bismuth(III) and Indium(III) with 2,4,6-Tris(2-hydroxy-4-sulfo-1-naphthylazo)-1,3,5-triazine Trisodium Salt (THT)
Authors: Singh Ishwar , Kadyan Pratap Singh 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reaction behavior of bismuth(III) and indium(III) with 2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4-sulfo-1-naphthylazo)-1,3,5-triazine trisodium salt (THT) is established under various conditions. Bismuth(III) forms a 2 : 3 dark red complex (absorption maximum at 530 nm) with the reagent at pH 4–6.5. Indium(III) reacts with THT to form a 1 : 2 dark red complex at pH 3–4.7 (λmax 530 nm) and a 1 : 3 purple blue complex at pH ca. 10.5 (λmax 620 nm). The molar absorptivities for the color reactions are 5.5×104 for bismuth(III), 8.4×104 for indium(III) at pH 3.5 and 7.9×104 L·mol−1·cm−1 for indium(III) at pH ca. 10.5 (in sodium carbonate medium). Other physicochemical characteristics of the complexes are established. A number of foreign ions are tested for their interference and the use of masking agents wherever necessary is tabulated.
Organophosphorus Analogues and Derivatives of the Natural l-Amino Carboxylic Acids and Peptides. II. Synthesis, Enzyme-Substrate Interactions of “Bialaphos” (SF-1293) and Its Cyclic and Phosphinic Amide Type Analogues
Authors: Natchev Ivan A 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The natural tripeptide antibiotic “Bialaphos” (5) has been synthesized by condensation of the protected l-phosphinothricin (1) with the dipeptide alanylalanine ethyl ester. The dicyclohexylcarbodiimide method has been used, followed by enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis. Analogously, a cyclic analogue and the phosphac-peptide (phosphinic amide type) analogue (14) of the antibiotic (5) have been found to possess antitumour activity.
Mechanistic Study of the Oxidation of Substituted Benzylamines by N-Bromoacetamide
Authors: Banerji Kalyan K 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The oxidation of ortho-, meta-, and para-substituted benzylamines by N-bromoacetamide (NBA), to the corresponding benzaldehydes, is first order with respect to NBA and the amine. The pH dependence of the reaction rate suggests that the unprotonated benzylamine is the reductant. There is no effect of added acetamide. NBA itself has been postulated as the reactive oxidizing species. The oxidation of benzylamine-α,α-d2 exhibited a substantial primary kinetic isotope effect (kH⁄kD=5.81). The rates of the oxidation of the meta- and para-substituted benzylamines were separately correlated in Taft’s and Swain’s dual substituent parameter equations. For the para-substituted compounds, the best correlation is obtained with σI and σR+ values, while meta-substituted compounds correlated best with σI and σR° values. The reaction constants have negative values. The oxidation rates of the ortho-substituted compounds yield excellent correlation in a triparametric equation involving Taft’s σI and σR+ values and Charton’s steric parameter, V. A mechanism involving transfer of a hydride ion from the amine to NBA, in the rate-determining step has been proposed.
An 27Al NMR Study on the Complexes Present in the Solutions of Potassium Hexathiocyanatoaluminate(III)
Authors: Komatsu Noriyuki , Yokoi Masatoki , Kubota Eiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The species present in the solutions of potassium hexathiocyanatoaluminate(III) in various solvents were identified by 27Al NMR spectra of the solutions. In dimethyl sulfoxide solution containing excess KSCN, the spectrum consists of 7 resonances due to [Al(NCS)n(DMSO)6−n](3−n)+ (n=0–6), whereas a single resonance arising from [Al(NCS)6]3− was observed in propylene carbonate or acetone.
Free Radical Addition of Thiophenol to 3-Substituted 1-Alkyne with or without Migration of the Substituents
Authors: Miyake Hideyoshi , Yamamura Kimiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Thiophenol reacts with 3-phenylthio- and 3-bromo-1-alkyne in the presence of radical initiator to give 1,2-bis(phenylthio)-1-alkene and 2-bromo-1-phenylthio-1-alkene.
A Convenient Synthesis of 1,3-Pyrenedicarbaldehyde
Authors: Goltz Michael , Murata Ichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A convenient and preparatively useful access to the unknown 1,3-pyrenedicarbaldehyde is presented. When treated with an excess amount of N,N-dimethylformamide and phosphoryl chloride, 3,4-dihydro-2aH-cyclopenta[cd]phenalene was smoothly converted into dialdehyde in 57% yield. A plausible mechanism for this transformation was suggested from a labeling experiment using N,N-dimethylformamide-d7.
Study on Electroreduction Mechanism of Aromatic Dicarboxylic Acids. Electrosynthesis of 1,4-Benzenedimethanol
Authors: Oi Ryu , San-Nohe Kunio , Takenaka Shinji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electroreduction mechanisms of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid in acidic solution were studied by molecular orbital (MO) calculations. Further, a practical stepwise route to 1,4-benzenedimethanol has been developed by the electroreduction of p-(hydroxymethyl) benzoic acid.
Surface Activity of Complexes Formed with N-Dodecyl-β-alanine and Copper(II) Ion in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Nakamura Akio , Tajima Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The surface activity of the equimolar mixed solutions of N-dodecyl-β-alanine (NDA) and inorganic salts was studied at 30 °C. The surface tension of the NDA–CuCl2 solution decreased more than that of the single NDA solution, whereas the surface tensions of the NDA–NaCl, NDA–CaCl2, and NDA–MgCl2 solutions were almost the same as that of the single NDA solution in the concentration region studied. The experiments with the bulk solution have shown that the 1 : 1-complex ion formed with NDA and the copper(II) ion is soluble and more surface-active than NDA alone, but the 1 : 2-complex is not effective in the surface activity because of its extremely low solubility. The formation constant of the 1 : 1-complex ion was determined, by potentiometry with both copper(II) and hydrogen ion-selective electrodes, to be 5.5×10−5, while the standard free energy of the complex formation was found to be 24.7 kJ mol−1. The composition and structure of the 1 : 2-complex were studied by means of X-ray diffractometry, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analyses for the precipitate. The total amounts of NDA adsorbed at the air/aqueous solution interface were determined by radiometry using tritiumlabeled NDA, and the amount of the 1 : 1-complex adsorbed was calculated by the Gibbs adsorption isotherm. Thus, the compositions were determined in both the adsorbed and bulk phases. It was seen that the relative adsorbability of the 1 : 1-complex was larger than that of NDA by a factor of about 1.5×102 and, further, was larger than that of a 1 : 1-complex formed with NDA and sodium dodecylsulfate by a factor of about 3.7.
Catalytic Activity of Nb–Si Mixed Oxides Induced by Reduction with Hydrogen
Authors: Wada Yuji , Inaida Masakatsu , Murakami Yasushi , Morikawa Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Mixed oxides of niobium and silicon became catalytically active for butene isomerization by a reduction with hydrogen, and their catalytic activities depended on the duration of the reduction. The activity was irreversibly poisoned by oxygen. The formation of Nb4+ by the hydrogen reduction was revealed by ESR technique. Nb4+ was oxidized to Nb5+ by the admission of oxygen gas, and at the same time O2− was formed. It was concluded that the catalytically active site on the mixed oxide surface was Nb4+ ion formed by the reduction. The importance of isolation of Nb4+ ion in silica network was suggested for the retention of the catalytic activity.
Crystal Structures of Chiral Smectogenic 4-Pentyloxyphenyl and 4-Heptyloxyphenyl 4′-[(S)-2-Methylbutyl]biphenyl-4-carboxylates
Authors: Hori Kayako , Ohashi Yuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Crystal structures of the title compounds, which have a Sm* C phase adjacent to a cholesteric, have been determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. 4-Pentyloxyphenyl 4′-[(S)-2-methylbutyl]biphenyl-4-carboxylate: monoclinic, P21, a=25.085(2), b=5.7522(3), c=18.668(1) Å, β=110.275(9)°, Z=4. 4-Heptyloxyphenyl 4′-[(S)-2-methylbutyl]biphenyl-4-carboxylate: triclinic, P1, a=14.607(1), b=17.212(2), c=5.7322(8) Å, α=94.84(1), β=84.03(1), γ=108.607(9)°, Z=2. Final R-values were 0.113 and 0.083, respectively. Both crystals have layer structures similar to those of Sm* C phase. Two crystallographically independent molecules in each crystal are related by a pseudo-inversion. Paraffin chains with extended conformations have close contacts between layers.
Equilibrium Study on the Characteristic Color-Changing Reaction of Lanthanum Complex of 3-[[Bis(carboxymethyl)amino]methyl]-1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone (Alizarin Complexon) with Fluoride Ion
Authors: Yuchi Akio , Mori Hiroki , Hotta Hitoshi , Wada Hiroko , Nakagawa Genkichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Complexation equilibria between lanthanum (M), 3-[[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]methyl]-1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone (Alizarin Complexon, H4L) and fluoride were studied by potentiometry with fluoride ion selective electrodes and by spectrophotometry. M2HL2 and a further protonated species react with fluoride to form M2HL2F and M2H2L2F, whereas M2L2 does not. The unexpectedly large stability constant of 104.12 for the reaction, M2HL2+F−\ightleftharpoonsM2HL2F, may be ascribed to the incorporation of fluoride ion in a specially organized core of M2HL2.
Syntheses and Characterization of Dinuclear High-Spin Iron(II,III) and (III,III) Complexes with 2,6-Bis[bis(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)aminomethyl]-4-methylphenolate(1—)
Authors: Suzuki Masatatsu , Oshio Hiroki , Uehara Akira , Endo Kazutoyo , Yanaga Makoto , Kida Sigeo , Saito Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two types of dinuclear high-spin mixed valence iron(II,III) complexes, [Fe2(L-Bzim)(RCOO)2](BF4)2·nH2O (RCOO=CH3COO (1) or C6H5COO (2)), and [Fe2(L-Bzim)(C6H5COO)2(OH)]BF4·H2O (3), and dinuclear high-spin iron(III,III) complexes, [Fe2(L-Bzim)(CH3COO)2](ClO4)3·3.5H2O (4) and [Fe2(L-py)(C6H5COO)2](ClO4)3·CH3CN·H2O (5) were prepared, where L-Bzim is 2,6-bis[bis(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)aminomethyl]-4-methylphenolate(1—) and L-py is 2,6-bis[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]-4-methylphenolate(1—). Mössbauer spectra of the mixed valence complexes revealed that they involve high-spin iron(II) and (III) ions in equimolar amount. Their ESR spectra exhibited a signal at gav=1.7 near liquid helium temperature characteristic of an antiferromagnetically spin coupled high-spin iron(II,III) dimer. Magnetic susceptibility measurements over the temperature range 80–300 K revealed that weak antiferromagnetic spin-exchange interactions are present between iron(II) and iron(III) ions (J≈−5 cm−1). The complexes showed an intervalence absorption band in the near infrared region, indicating that they belong to class II mixed valence type on the classification of Robin and Day. Cyclic voltammogram of 3 in acetonitrile showed two sets of reversible redox couples at 0.00 and 0.66 V vs. SCE, which are assigned to the redox reactions of Fe(II,III)/Fe(II,II) and Fe(III,III)/Fe(II,III), respectively. The complexes 4 and 5 exhibited weak antiferromagnetic interaction (J=−9–−12 cm−1). ESR spectra of 4 and 5 showed a significant temperature dependence.
Se-Aryl Alkane- or Arenecarboselenothioates: Synthesis and Some Reactions
Authors: Kato Shinzi , Yasui Eiji , Terashima Kiyomitsu , Ishihara Hideharu , Murai Toshiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A series of Se-aryl carboselenothioates 3 (RCSSeAr, R=alkyl, aryl) were synthesized and characterized from the reaction of bis(thioacyl) sulfides 1 with sodium areneselenolates. The thionselenolesters 3 are stable (liquid or crystals) both thermally and to moisture. Reactions of 3 with aliphatic primary and secondary amines gave the corresponding ammonium carbodithioates 8 together with diphenyl diselenide 7. In contrast, treatment with aromatic amines or sodium alcoholates afforded the corresponding thioamides or O-alkyl or O-aryl thionesters in good yields. The oxidation of 3 with m-chloroperbenzoic acid gave the corresponding sulfides 12 [RCS(O)SeAr] and acyl arylseleno sulfides 13 [RCOSSeAr] which are formed by a rearrangement of the ArSe group to the thiocarbonyl sulfur atom.
Reaction of 1,4,2-Dithiazolium Salts with Amino Compounds
Authors: Yonemoto Katsumi , Shibuya Isao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Systematic studies on the behavior of 1,4,2-dithiazolium cations (1) toward various amino compounds (ammonia, aliphatic and aromatic amines, hydrazine, semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide derivatives, etc.) were performed. The reaction pathway could be classified into three types depending on possible three fission modes of the initially-formed adduct. The main products were 5-imino-1,4,2-dithiazole, thiourea, and 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives, through the three different pathways, respectively. In order to clarify the factors controlling the reaction courses, the reactions of 1 with p-substituted aniline derivatives were carried out under systematically varying conditions. The strength of bases and the polarity of solvents had clear influence on the reactivity. The reaction mechanism is also discussed.
Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Ring-Opening Reaction of γ-Alkenyl-γ-butyrolactones with Allylsilanes in the Presence of Trimethyloxonium Salt Leading to Methyl 4,8-Alkadienoates
Authors: Kawashima Masatoshi , Fujisawa Tamotsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of γ-alkenyl-γ-butyrolactones with allylic trimethylsilanes in the presence of trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate proceeded regio- and stereoselectively with an allylic rearrangement of the substrate to afford methyl (E)-4,8-alkadienoates in high yields. On the other hand, the ring opening of 4-hexen-6-olide afforded exclusively methyl (Z)-4,8-alkadienoates in high yields. The synthetic utility of the reaction was demonstrated by the short step synthesis of β-sinensal and β-farnesene.
Transesterification Reaction of Tetraethoxysilane and Butyl Alcohols
Authors: Hasegawa Isao , Sakka Sumio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Tetraethoxysilane was treated with Amberlyst 15 cation-exchange resin in the presence of butyl alcohols. On treating the mixture of tetraethoxysilane and 1-butanol, the transesterification took place in which butoxyl groups were substituted for ethoxyl groups in tetraethoxysilane. The degree of the transesterification depended on the molar ratio of tetraethoxysilane to 1-butanol of the mixture. The distribution of alkoxysilane species present in the tetraethoxysilane–1-butanol solution was compared with the tetrabutoxysilane–ethanol solution, and it was found that the degree of the transesterification depended on the ratio of numbers of alkyl groups in tetraalkoxysilane and alcohol used. The time required for equilibrium in the distribution of alkoxysilane species in the solution was different with the variety of butyl alcohols used, suggesting the presence of steric effect of butyl alcohols on this reaction.
Structural Study of Na2O–TeO2 Glasses by Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Differential Thermal Analysis
Authors: Nishida Tetsuaki , Saruwatari Setsuko , Takashima Yoshimasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A Mössbauer spectrum of xNa2O·(95−x)TeO2·5Fe2O3 glasses (0≤x≤35) consists of a paramagnetic quadrupole doublet peak with an isomer shift of 0.39±0.01 mm s−1 with respect to metallic iron. Quadrupole splitting of the doublet peak changes gradually from 0.76 to 0.60 mm s−1 when Na2O content is changed from 0 to 35 mol% at 5 mol% intervals. These results suggest that Fe3+ ions are present at substitutional sites of Te4+ ions constituting distorted TeO4 trigonal bipyramids. Each of the distorted TeO4 trigonal bipyramids has an oxygen vacancy and a lone electron pair at one of the equatorial sites. Decreased quadrupole splitting is ascribed to an increased symmetry of FeO4 (and also TeO4) trigonal bipyramids, due to a formation of nonbridging oxygen atoms followed by a gradual change of the glass matrix from a two-(β-TeO2) or three-(α-TeO2) dimensional network structure to a lower dimensional network structure. These structural changes are also deduced from a composition dependency of glass transition temperatures (Tg), which decrease continuously from 318 to 232 °C with increasing Na2O content.
Extraction–Spectrophotometric Determination of Pd(II) with 4-(3,5-Dichloro-2-pyridylazo)-1,3-diaminobenzene and Trichloroacetate. II
Authors: Fontán C A , Marone C B , Olsina R 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The influence of different variables affecting the extraction of Pd(II) with 4-(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridylazo)-1,3-diaminobenzene (3,5-C12PADAB) and trichloroacetate are described. The complexation reaction between palladium(II) and 3,5-C12PADAB, in 1 M trichloroacetic acid aqueous solutions containing ethanol (10% v/v) and an acidity range from pH near 1 to 2 M H2SO4 is completed 10 min after having mixed the reagents. Under these experimental conditions, Pd(II) is extracted into benzene as an colored ion-association compound with trichloroacetate. At 600 nm, Beer’s law is fulfilled up to a Pd(II) concentration of 2.16 ppm, being the most appropriate concentrations for the metal spectrometry those ranging from 0.24 to 2.12 ppm. The apparent molar absorptivity is 8.60×104 dm3 mol−1 cm−1, and the method’s sensitivity (Sandell) of 0.00123 μg Pd(II)·cm−2. The assayed procedures for suppressing the most serious interferences produced by Au(III) and Hg(II) are specified, and the procedure for increasing the tolerance as to Ag(I), Cu(II), Co(II), Cr(III)–(IV), Ir(III)–(IV), Os(VIII), and Ru(III)–(VIII) are described.
Asymmetric Induction during the Aminolysis of 5(4H)-Oxazolones from N-Benzoyl Amino Acids; Almost Specific Formation of One Epimer in the Reaction of the Oxazolone from N-Benzoyl-Dl-t-leucine with Methyl l-Prolinate
Authors: Miyazawa Toshifumi , Otomatsu Toshihiko , Higashi Katsutoshi , Yamada Takashi , Kuwata Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Asymmetric induction during the aminolysis of 5(4H)-oxazolones from N-benzoyl amino acids was investigated using a series of amino acid esters as amine nucleophiles. The reaction of the oxazolone from N-benzoyl-Dl-t-Meucine with methyl l-prolinate was found to produce the diastereomeric Dl isomer, almost specifically, under appropriate conditions.