bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cover Picture: Three‐Dimensional SiCN Ceramic Microstructures via Nano‐Stereolithography of Inorganic Polymer Photoresists (Adv. Funct. Mater. 9/2006)
Authors: Pham T. A. , Kim D.‐P. , Lim T.‐W. , Park S.‐H. , Yang D.‐Y. , Lee K.‐S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAn inorganic polymer photoresist was successfully synthesized for the first time with high photosensitivity and a high ceramic yield. Furthermore, it is shown by Kim, Yang, and co‐workers on p. 1235 that a nano‐stereolithography process linked with careful pyrolysis of this resin paves the way for the fabrication of 2D and 3D ceramic microstructures (examples of which are shown on the cover) with high spatial resolution.We report a newly synthesized inorganic polymer photoresist with a high ceramic yield by the functionalization of polyvinylsilazane (KiON VL20) with 2‐isocyanatoethyl methacrylate via linkage or insertion reaction routes. The chemistry of the synthesis and the pyrolytic conversion as well as the mechanical evaluation were investigated by using various analytical instruments. We show for the first time that this photosensitive resin is a novel precursor for the fabrication of complex 3D SiCN ceramic microstructures with a 210 nm resolution via a two‐photon absorbed crosslinking process and subsequent pyrolysis at 600 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. Moreover, the dimensional deformation during pyrolysis was significantly reduced by adding silica nanoparticles as a filler. In particular, the ceramic microstructures containing 40 wt % silica nanoparticles exhibited a relatively isotropic shrinkage owing to its sliding free from the substrate during pyrolysis.
Mortality of workers employed in shoe manufacturing: An update
Authors: Lehman Everett J. , Hein Misty J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundIn the late 1970s, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health identified two shoe manufacturing facilities where workers experienced relatively “pure” exposures to toluene. A mortality study was conducted through December 31, 1982. An original study did not detect elevated leukemia mortality but did detect increased lung cancer mortality. The present study is an update of the mortality of the original cohort.MethodsThe study cohort consisted of workers employed 1 month or more between 1940 and 1979 at two Ohio shoe manufacturing plants. Vital status was ascertained through December 31, 1999.ResultsSeven thousand eight hundred twenty eight workers, contributing 300,777 person years, were available for analysis. An excess of lung cancer deaths persisted with additional years of follow‐up (SMR = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19–1.54). Trend tests did not indicate a positive trend between lung cancer risk and duration of employment. Mortality from leukemia was not significantly elevated in the updated analysis.ConclusionsResults indicate a possible association between lung cancer mortality and exposure to chronic, low‐levels of organic solvents. Although the strength of this conclusion was weakened by the lack of increasing lung cancer risk in relation to duration of employment, other studies have supported this association. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:535–546, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noise exposures aboard catcher/processor fishing vessels
Authors: Neitzel Richard L. , Berna Bryan E. , Seixas Noah S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundCommercial fishing workers have extended work shifts and potential for 24 hr exposures to high noise. However, exposures in this industry have not been adequately characterized.MethodsNoise exposures aboard two catcher/processors (C/P) were assessed using dosimetry, sound‐level mapping, and self‐reported activities and hearing protection device (HPD) use. These data were combined to estimate work shift, non‐work, and 24 hr overall exposure levels using several metrics. The length of time during which HPDs were worn was also used to calculate the effective protection received by crew members.ResultsNearly all workers had work shift and 24 hr noise levels that exceeded the relevant limits. After HPD use was accounted for, half of the 24 hr exposures remained above relevant limits. Non‐work‐shift noise contributed nothing to 24 hr exposure levels. HPDs reduced the average exposure by about 10 dBA, but not all workers wore them consistently.ConclusionsThe primary risk of hearing loss aboard the monitored vessels comes from work shift noise. Smaller vessels or vessels with different layouts may present more risk of hearing damage from non‐work periods. Additional efforts are needed to increase use of HPDs or implement noise controls. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diachronic study of pleural plaques in rural population with environmental exposure to asbestos
Authors: Sichletidis L. , Chloros D. , Chatzidimitriou N. , Tsiotsios I. , Spyratos D. , Patakas D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe progress of pleural plaques in persons exposed to environmental asbestos in Almopia, Greece were studied prospectively.MethodsDuring a 15‐year period, 198 individuals, in whom pleural plaques had been observed during the period 1988–1990 were followed. Respiratory function was initially evaluated in 23. All were inhabitants of seven villages of Northern Greece, where rocks with high concentration in asbestos fibers were used for whitewashing until 1935.ResultsOut of this population, 126 survived and underwent chest X‐ray in 2003 while respiratory function was retested in 18. New radiological findings were compared to previous ones using digital technology. Furthermore, the cause of death of the remaining 72 was recorded. Deterioration of X‐ray findings was observed in all survivors. Not only did the surface area of previous plaques increase (8.66 ± 12.6 cm2, mean value ± SD) but new ones also appeared. Total lung capacity decreased from 95.6 ± 14.8 in 1998 to 76.5 ± 9.3% predicted in 2003. It was found that out of 72 deaths, 11 people died of malignant lung neoplasm, and 4 of mesothelioma.ConclusionsRadiological appearance of pleural plaques and respiratory function of people previously exposed to asbestos environmental pollution worsens over the years. Prevalence of mesothelioma was found to be higher than expected. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AA amyloidosis complicating hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with periodic fever syndrome: A report of two cases
Authors: Lachmann Helen J. , Goodman Hugh J. B. , Andrews Peter A. , Gallagher Hugh , Marsh James , Breuer Stephan , Rowczenio Dorota M. , Bybee Alison , Hawkins Philip N. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAA amyloidosis is the most serious potential complication of the inherited autoinflammatory syndromes and frequently results in end‐stage renal failure. Although this complication is well recognized in familial Mediterranean fever, tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated periodic syndrome, and Muckle‐Wells syndrome, there is only 1 previous published report of its occurrence in hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with periodic fever syndrome (HIDS). We report 2 further cases of patients with AA amyloidosis in HIDS, both of whom developed dialysis‐dependent renal failure, and we describe the outcome of the first renal transplant in this setting.
Allogeneic marrow transplantation in patients with severe systemic sclerosis: Resolution of dermal fibrosis
Authors: Nash Richard A. , McSweeney Peter A. , Nelson J. Lee , Wener Mark , Georges George E. , Langston Amelia A. , Shulman Howard , Sullivan Keith M. , Lee Julie , Henstorf Gretchen , Storb Rainer , Furst Daniel E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) after myeloablative conditioning in patients with severe systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsEligibility criteria for the study included SSc patients with features indicative of a poor prognosis. The myeloablative conditioning regimen included busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and antithymocyte globulin. Prophylaxis for graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) consisted of cyclosporine and methotrexate. Bone marrow was transplanted from HLA‐identical siblings.ResultsTwo patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc and lung involvement who were refractory to conventional immunosuppressive treatment were enrolled in the study. In patient 1, there were no complications related to the conditioning regimen, and GVHD did not develop after transplantation. At 5 years after HCT, there was nearly complete resolution of the scleroderma and marked improvement in physical functioning. Internal organ function improved (lung) or remained stable. On examination of serial skin biopsy samples, there was resolution of the dermal fibrosis. Patient 2 experienced skin toxicity from the conditioning regimen and hypertensive crisis that was likely related to high‐dose corticosteroids given for treatment of GVHD. Although this patient experienced an improvement in scleroderma and overall functioning, a fatal opportunistic infection developed 17 months after HCT.ConclusionAllogeneic HCT may result in sustained remission of SSc. GVHD and opportunistic infections are the major risks associated with allogeneic HCT for SSc, as for allogeneic HCT in general.
Reduced brain habituation to somatosensory stimulation in patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: Montoya Pedro , Sitges Carolina , García‐Herrera Manuel , Rodríguez‐Cotes Alfonso , Izquierdo Raúl , Truyols Magdalena , Collado Dolores 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo examine brain activity elicited by repetitive nonpainful stimulation in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and to determine possible psychophysiologic abnormalities in their ability to inhibit irrelevant sensory information.MethodsFifteen female patients with a diagnosis of FM (ages 30–64 years) and 15 healthy women (ages 39–61 years) participated in 2 sessions, during which electrical activity elicited in the brain by presentation of either tactile or auditory paired stimuli was recorded using an electroencephalogram. Each trial consisted of 2 identical stimuli (S1 and S2) delivered with a randomized interstimulus interval of 550 msec (±50 msec), which was separated by a fixed intertrain interval of 12 seconds. Event‐related potentials (ERPs) elicited by 40 trials were averaged separately for each sensory modality.ResultsERP amplitudes elicited by the somatosensory and auditory S2 stimuli were significantly reduced compared with those elicited by S1 stimuli in the healthy controls. Nevertheless, significant amplitude reductions from S1 stimuli to S2 stimuli were observed in FM patients for the auditory, but not the somatosensory, modality.ConclusionOur findings suggest that in FM patients, there is abnormal information processing, which may be characterized by a lack of inhibitory control to repetitive nonpainful somatosensory information during stimulus coding and cognitive evaluation.
Transition from primary Raynaud's phenomenon to secondary Raynaud's phenomenon identified by diagnosis of an associated disease: Results of ten years of prospective surveillance
Authors: Hirschl Mirko , Hirschl Katharina , Lenz Matthias , Katzenschlager Reinhold , Hutter Hans‐Peter , Kundi Michael 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the early signs, risk factors, and rate of transition from primary Raynaud's phenomenon (primary RP) to secondary RP.MethodsA clinical sample of 307 consecutive patients with RP was included in a prospective followup study. After an initial screening, 244 patients were classified as having primary RP, of whom 236 were followed up for a mean ± SD of 11.2 ± 3.9 years. Patients classified according to the screening as having suspected secondary RP underwent an extended screening program annually until transition to secondary RP occurred.ResultsThe initial prevalence of secondary RP was 11%. The annual incidence of transition to suspected secondary RP was 2%, and the annual incidence of transition to secondary RP was 1%. Overall, 46 patients were classified as having suspected secondary RP, and 23 of these later were classified as having secondary RP. Older age at onset of RP (hazard ratio 2.59, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.40–4.80), shorter duration of RP at enrollment (hazard ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.81–0.94), and abnormal findings on thoracic outlet test (hazard ratio 2.69, 95% CI 1.12–6.48) were associated with an increased risk for transition to secondary RP. Compared with patients with suspected secondary RP, those diagnosed as having secondary RP had a higher number and earlier occurrence of pathologic findings. Furthermore, antinuclear antibodies at a titer of ≥1:320 and positive findings in specific serologic subsets were associated with a significantly increased risk for developing a connective tissue disease.ConclusionPatients diagnosed initially as having primary RP may actually comprise 1 of 3 groups: those with idiopathic RP, those with a rather benign disease course, and those with a more severe course of the disease.
The effect of manganese(II) on the structure of DNA/HMGB1/H1 complexes: Electronic and vibrational circular dichroism studies
Authors: Polyanichko A. M. , Chikhirzhina E. V. , Andrushchenko V. V. , Vorob'ev V. I. , Wieser H. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe interactions were studied of DNA with the nonhistone chromatin protein HMGB1 and histone H1 in the presence of manganese(II) ions at different protein to DNA and manganese to DNA phosphate ratios by using absorption and optical activity spectroscopy in the electronic [ultraviolet (UV) and electronic circular dichroism ECD)] and vibrational [infrared (IR) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD)] regions. In the presence of Mn2+, the protein–DNA interactions differ from those without the ions and cause prominent DNA compaction and formation of large intermolecular complexes. At the same time, the presence of HMGB1 and H1 also changed the mode of interaction of Mn2+ with DNA, which now takes place mostly in the major groove of DNA involving N7(G), whereas interactions between Mn2+ and DNA phosphate groups are weakened by histone molecules. Considerable interactions were also detected of Mn2+ ions with aspartic and glutamic amino acid residues of the proteins. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83: 182–192, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Changes in the enzymatic hydrolysis rate of Avicel cellulose with conversion
Authors: Yang Bin , Willies Deidre M. , Wyman Charles E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe slow down in enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose with conversion has often been attributed to declining reactivity of the substrate as the more easily reacted material is thought to be consumed preferentially. To better understand the cause of this phenomenon, the enzymatic reaction of the nearly pure cellulose in Avicel was interrupted over the course of nearly complete hydrolysis. Then, the solids were treated with proteinase to degrade the cellulase enzymes remaining on the solid surface, followed by proteinase inhibitors to inactive the proteinase and successive washing with water, 1.0 M NaCl solution, and water. Next, fresh cellulase and buffer were added to the solids to restart hydrolysis. The rate of cellulose hydrolysis, expressed as a percent of substrate remaining at that time, was approximately constant over a wide range of conversions for restart experiments but declined continually with conversion for uninterrupted hydrolysis. Furthermore, the cellulose hydrolysis rate per adsorbed enzyme was approximately constant for the restart procedure but declined with conversion when enzymes were left to react. Thus, the drop off in reaction rate for uninterrupted cellulose digestion by enzymes could not be attributed to changes in substrate reactivity, suggesting that other effects such as enzymes getting “stuck” or otherwise slowing down may be responsible. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oligonucleotide‐arrayed TFT photosensor applicable for DNA chip technology
Authors: Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Hatakeyama Keiichi , Sawaguchi Masahiro , Iwadate Akihito , Mizutani Yasushi , Sasaki Kazuhiro , Tateishi Naofumi , Takeyama Haruko , Matsunaga Tadashi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA thin film transistor (TFT) photosensor fabricated by semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) technology was applied to DNA chip technology. The surface of the TFT photosensor was coated with TiO2 using a vapor deposition technique for the fabrication of optical filters. The immobilization of thiolated oligonucleotide probes onto a TiO2‐coated TFT photosensor using γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and N‐(γ‐maleimidobutyloxy) sulfosuccinimide ester (GMBS) was optimized. The coverage value of immobilized oligonucleotides reached a plateau at 33.7 pmol/cm2, which was similar to a previous analysis using radioisotope‐labeled oligonucleotides. The lowest detection limits were 0.05 pmol/cm2 for quantum dot and 2.1 pmol/cm2 for Alexa Fluor 350. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection was examined using the oligonucleotide‐arrayed TFT photosensor. A SNP present in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene was used as a target. The SNPs in ALDH2*1 and ALDH2*2 target DNA were detected successfully using the TFT photosensor. DNA hybridization in the presence of both ALDH2*1 and ALDH2*2 target DNA was observed using both ALDH2*1 and ALDH2*2 detection oligonucleotides‐arrayed TFT photosensor. Use of the TFT photosensor will allow the development of a disposable photodetecting device for DNA chip systems. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Responses of the biogas process to pulses of oleate in reactors treating mixtures of cattle and pig manure
Authors: Nielsen Henrik Bangsø , Ahring Birgitte Kiær 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe effect of oleate on the anaerobic digestion process was investigated. Two thermophilic continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) were fed with mixtures of cattle and pig manure with different total solid (TS) and volatile solid (VS) content. The reactors were subjected to increasing pulses of oleate. Following pulses of 0.5 and 1.0 g oleate/L, the most distinct increase in volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were observed in the reactor with the lowest TS/VS content. This suggests a higher adsorption of oleate on the surfaces of biofibers in the reactor with the highest TS/VS and a less pronounced inhibition of the anaerobic digestion process. On the other hand, addition of 2.0 g oleate/L severely inhibited the process in both reactors, and a significant increase in all VFA concentrations combined with an immediate drop in methane production was noticed. However, 20 days after the reactors had been exposed to oleate both reactors showed a lower VFA concentration along with a higher methane production than before the pulses. This indicates that oleate had a stimulating effect on the overall process. The improved acetogenic and methanogenic activity in the reactors was confirmed in batch activity tests. In addition to this, toxicity tests revealed that the oleate pulses induced an increase in the tolerance level of acetotrophic methanogens towards oleate. When evaluating the usability of different process parameters (i.e., VFA and methane production) as indicators of process recovery, following the inhibition by oleate, propionate was found to be most suitable. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A study on the inactivation of micro‐organisms and enzymes by high pressure CO2
Authors: Bertoloni Giulio , Bertucco Alberto , De Cian Veronica , Parton Tiziana 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis study addresses some microbial inactivation phenomena induced by high pressure CO2 over micro‐organisms and enzymes. The activity of four selected enzymes was measured before and after treatment with CO2 under pressure in both buffer solutions and natural cellular environment (E. coli cells and tomato paste). Results are reported for acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, and pectinase at different conditions of temperature, CO2 pressure, and treatment time (32–40°C, 85–150 bar, 30–70 min). The results obtained show that the high pressure CO2 treatment induces an inactivation of cellular enzymatic activity higher than the one caused on the same enzymes in solution. However, the measured activity difference is not caused by a damage at the enzymes molecular level but is a consequence of the permeabilization of the cellular envelopes which leads to a release of unmodified enzymes from the cells with simultaneous drop of enzymatic cellular activity. The reported data suggest that the bacterial cell death is probably due not to a selective effect of high pressure CO2 treatment but to simultaneous detrimental action of CO2 on cellular membrane and cell wall. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognitive‐behavioural hypnotic treatment for managing examination anxiety and facilitating performance
Authors: Yu Calvin Kai‐Ching 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis paper delineates a treatment group, including three Chinese undergraduate participants, run for managing examination anxiety and facilitating performance, principally derived from the stress management programme designed by the Hypnosis Unit of University College London. The treatment group comprised four sessions spread over two weeks and was carried out just before, in between and immediately after the examinations. Hypnosis was utilized as an adjunct to cognitive‐behavioural therapy in tackling the stress in relation to examinations, and in facilitating revision, sleep and examinations. Although formal assessments of achievement anxiety showed only mild changes, personal reports reflected improvements in both anxiety management and performance during examinations along with changes of perspectives towards learning and examinations. Copyright © 2006 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An investigation of the factor structure of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A)
Authors: Piesbergen Christoph , Peter Burkhard 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn order to investigate the effects of the hypnotic state a standardized hypnosis session was conducted with 144 subjects in a controlled laboratory study. The induction of a hypnotic trance in the German version of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (HGSHS:A by Shor and Orne, 1962) was tape‐recorded and used as the treatment.The HGSHS:A seems to be a reliable measure of suggestibility and hypnotizability. This is underlined by the consistent results of a factor analysis on the depths of hypnosis that is in agreement with former studies. Descriptive data analyses with a sufficient number of subjects of high and low suggestibility suggest that our hypnosis induction by tape is an effective method of producing a hypnotic trance. Analyses of within‐subjects variables did not reveal any valid predictors of hypnotizability, thereby confirming the need of screening instruments such as the HGSHS. Copyright © 2006 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.