bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marker polypeptide differences between spontaneous strongly and weakly metastatic cancer cells identified by 2‐dimensional gel electrophoresis
Authors: Grimstad Ivar Amund , Thorsrud Anne Karine , Varani James , Ward Peter A. , Jellum Egil 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA recent 2‐dimeniional gel electrophoresis study revealed several polypeptide differences between a strongly metastatic and a weakly metastatic clone from a single chemically induced murine fibrosarcoma (Jellum et al., 1984). To exclude the possibility that this was merely coincidental, the study is extended here to 2 other fibrosarcomas recently and similarly induced in mice of the same inbred strain. Metastatic potential was defined by the number of lung metastases spontaneously formed from a transplanted primary footpad tumor. One strongly (or moderately) metastatic cell line and I weakly metastatic line from each of the 3 fibrosarcomas were examined in the same experiments. In confirmation of our previous results, the same poiypeptides consistently occurred in considerably greater amounts in the weakly metastatic than in the strongly metastatic cells. One of these marker polypeptides was absent from the strongly metastatic cell lines. In comparison with 2 of the 3 most metastatic lines, the third line was only moderately metastatiC., and differed least strongly from the 3 weakly metastatic cell lines with regard to expression of the marker polypeptides. Marker polypeptide expression showed no consistent correlation with tumorigenicity. No other consistent polypeptide differences between strongly metastatic and weakly metastatic cells could be identified among the approximately 2,000 cellular polypeptides separated on the gels.
Amplification of endogenous proviral MuLV sequences in radiationinduced osteosarcomas
Authors: Strauss P. Günter , Schmidt Jörg , Pedersen Lene , Erfle Volker 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe endogenous ecotropic provirus of BALB/c mice was found to be amplified in 17 out of 29 radiation‐induced osteosarcomas. In contrast, 19 clonal cell lines established from bone‐marrow cells of a tumor‐bearing mouse, which were used as controls, did not reveal newly acquired ecotropic proviruses. Ecotropic viral RNA was expressed in tumors that showed reintegrated proviruses. DNA probes from 2 tumors, derived from cellular sequences flanking the newly integrated proviruses, did not detect DNA rearrangements in any of the other tumors. The possible role of activated endogenous retroviruses in the development of radiation‐induced osteosarcomas is discussed.
Quantitative determination of water‐soluble scavengers in neoplastic and non‐neoplastic human breast tissue
Authors: Honegger C. G. , Torhorst J. , Langemann H. , Kabiersch A. , Krenger W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe water‐soluble scavengers ascorbic acid (Asc), cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH) and uric acid (UA) as well as DNA content were determined in 40 breast tissue samples (neoplastic and non‐neoplastic tissues from 20 patients). To allow proper homogenization to take place, a fixed number of sections was cut from a tissue cylinder of known diameter. Adjacent sections were stained with hematoxylin‐eosin and the fractions of epithelium, fat and connective tissue were estimated as a percentage of the section area. Protein‐free extracts were injected into a reverse‐phase high‐pressure liquid chromatography system and scavengers quantified with 2 electrochemical detectors (gold and glassy carbon). DNA and all scavengers, except UA, were greatly increased in cancer tissues in nearly all cases. Amounts of Asc and GSH in neo plastic tissue correlated closely with DNA values and percentage of epithelium, those of Cys not so closely and those of UA not at all. We assume that Asc and GSH were located mainly in the epithelium, UA mainly in the extracellular space and Cys in both spaces. When values were expressed as μmol/g DNA, a parameter related to content per cell, values were higher in neoplastic than in non‐neoplastic tissue for Asc (18/ 20 cases), GSH (17/20) and Cys (14/20) and lower in neoplastic tissue for UA (19/20). It is known that increased GSH protects cells against certain drugs in tissue cultures. For in vivo treatment the presence of increased Asc (and to a lesser extent Cys) in addition to GSH could be of importance.
Smooth‐muscle differentiation in stromal cells of malignant and non‐malignant breast tissues
Authors: Sappino A.‐P. , Skalli O. , Jackson B. , Schürch W. , Gabbiani G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) recognizing α‐smooth‐muscle actin has been used to study smooth‐muscle differentiation features in the stromal cells of desmoplastic reactions accompanying mammary tumors. We have studied, by the same immunohistochemical technique, a series of malignant and non‐malignant human breast tissues. Cells composing the desmoplastic reaction were found to express α‐smooth‐muscle actin in all the 11 breast carcinomas examined, whereas no immunostain was demonstrated in the stromal cells of 7 breast tissue samples histologically defined as normal. Three of 9 cases of fibrocystic disease showed a minority of positively stained stromal cells, generally in association with epithelial hyperplasia. All the 7 cases of sclerosing adenosis, 3 of 4 cases of diffuse papillomatosis and all 3 intraductal papillomas exhibited a majority of immunoreactive stromal cells. Numerous stromal cells in 3 of 11 circumscribed fibroadenomas analyzed expressed low amounts of α‐smooth‐muscle actin. The factor(s) responsible for smooth‐muscle differentiation in stromal cells are presently unknown, but the detection of this previously unsuspected stromal cell phenotype in non‐malignant mammary tissues might help in characterizing the variant morphological aspects designated under the label “fibrocystic disease” and in understanding the biology of pre‐malignant or early malignant lesions of the breast.
Transplantation of human breast epithelia to mammary‐gland‐free fat‐pads of athymic nude mice: Influence of mammotrophic hormones on growth of breast epithelia
Authors: Sheffield Lewis G. , Welsch Clifford W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal human breast tissue was enzymatically dissociated and the cells were injected Into the gland‐free fat‐pads of athymic nude mice. Within 30 days, small, spherical, duct‐like epithelial elements (organoids) formed in 68% of the fat‐pads inoculated (0‐23 organoids/fat‐pad). Short‐term (30‐day) treatment of the host mice with mammotrophic hormones [secretions from a choriunic, somato‐mammotrophin‐secreting transplantable human choriocarcinoma (JEG‐3), secretions from a prolactin‐ and growth‐hormone‐secreting transplant‐able rat pituitary tumor (GH3), estrogen and/or progesterone] and/or cAMP inducers (cholera toxin) significantly (p<0.05) increased the size of the human breast organoids but did not increase organoid number or induce extensive and expansive growth (extensive duct elongation and branching) of these structures. Such treatments induced intense proliferation of the host mouse mammae resembling that which occurs during late pregnancy. The results of this study, therefore, provide evidence that normal human breast epithelium can be readily accepted by and maintained in the gland‐free fat‐pad of the athymic nude mouse, and the epithelium, within 10 days, forms spherical duct‐like structures (organoids). The human breast organoids are hormone‐responsive, as they respond to a mammotrophic growth stimulus by an increase in size. The failure of the human breast organoids to grow expansively in the gland‐free fat‐pad of this immunologically deficient mouse does not appear to be due to the absence of an appropriate hormonal growth stimulus.
Risk factors for cancer of the renal parenchyma
Authors: McCredie Margaret , Ford Joyce M. , Stewart J. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case‐control study of cancer of the renal parenchyma (360 cases and 985 controls) investigated lifestyle and dietary risk factors by means of a questionnaire survey. A lifetime history concerning urological disease and consumption of analgesics, tobacco, and prescribed medicines, was obtained together with current dietary and demographic information. Estimates of relative risk were calculated using logistic regression. Statistically significant associations were found with phenacetin‐containing analgesics, urological disease and increasing consumption of milk. No association was found with consumption of aspirin, paracetamol, prescribed medicines, tea, coffee or animal proteins other than milk, or with the type of fat or oil used for cooking or spreading. The association with tobacco just failed to reach significance.
Fluid intake and bladder cancer in UTAH
Authors: Slattery Martha L. , West Dee W. , Robison Linda M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA population‐based, incident case‐control study was conducted in Utah to assess the relationship between fluid intake and bladder cancer. Cancer cases (n = 419) were identified through the Utah Cancer Registry, and controls (n = 889) were obtained through random digit dialling and the Health Care Financing Administration. After adjustment for cigarette smoking, age, sex, history of diabetes, and history of bladder infections using multiple logistic regression analysis, total fluid intake was not found to be related to bladder cancer development. Specific fluids related to bladder cancer risk were milk intake (OR = 0.64) and caffeinated coffee intake (OR = 1.60). A linear trend for a dose‐response protective effect was observed for milk, while coffee increased risk only when 40 or more cups were consumed per week. Alcohol increased risk only when consumed at high levels (over 3.64 ounces or 103 g per week) by people who never smoked cigarettes (OR = 2.37). Likewise, tea consumption in non‐cigarette smokers increased bladder cancer risk (OR = 2.25). Results from this study suggest that types of fluids consumed may play a role in the development of bladder cancer. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that the dietary components of these beverages may be related to the development of bladder cancer.
Lymphocytes activated by the epstein‐barr virus to produce immunoglobulin do not express CD23 or become immortalized
Authors: Azim Tasnim , Crawford Dorothy H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus causes polyclonal activation and immortalization of a small percentage of peripheral blood B lymphocytes after in vitro infection. However, the susceptible B lymphocytes have not been identified. We have used the B lymphocyte activation antigen, CD23, as a marker for separating immortalized and non‐immortalized Epstein‐Barr virus‐infected B lymphocytes and have identified the polyclonally‐activated cells, using double staining for cytoplasmic immunoglobulin and viral antigens. The vast majority of cells expressing cytoplasmic immunoglobulin are negative for CD23 and for Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen, and are non‐immortalized. Conversely, the CD23‐positive, immortalized population are positive for Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen and negative for cytoplasmic immunoglobulin. These results define a diversity in the response of B lymphocytes to Epstein‐Barr virus infection and suggest separate pathways for terminal differentiation and immortalization. This diversity may be important in determining the outcome of Epstein‐Barr virus infection in humans.
Quantitative assays of epidermal growth factor receptor in human breast cancer: Cut‐off points of clinical relevance
Authors: Nicholson S. , Sainsbury J. R. C. , Needham G. K. , Chambers P. , Farndon J. R. , Harris A. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) assays were performed by 3 different methods on 246 human primary breast carcinomas. Scatchard analyses of multipoint binding data on 19 of the first 209 tumours, performed by a displacement method, demonstrated that the majority of tumours exhibited 2 classes of binding site, the high‐affinity site with an affinity constant (KD) of mean 2 nmol/l (SD 1.3, range 0.44‐7 nmol/l), and a low‐affinity site, KD mean 9.5 nmol/l (range 6–15.5 nmol/l). Scatchard analysis of multipoint assays using increasing concentrations of 125I‐labelled EGF showed that saturation of the high‐affinity site occurred in the majority of tumours at a concentration of labelled EGF of 1 nM. Comparison of the KD values of the high‐affinity site obtained from displacement assays with those obtained by increasing labelled EGF showed that the KD was significantly higher (p = 0.0002) when measured by the latter method. There was no difference in binding capacity of the high‐affinity or low‐affinity sites by the 2 methods. A 2‐point assay with 1 nM labelled EGF (specific activity approx. 80–130 μCi/μg) correlated with quantitative values for the high‐affinity site from Scatchard analysis (p < 0.02). There was a strong inverse relationship between EGFr > 10 fmol/mg membrane protein (2‐point assay) and ER (dextran‐coated charcoal method), Chi‐squared 2 × 2 contingency table test = 34.027, p < 0.0001. Follow‐up data from 135 patients revealed a strong inverse relationship between EGFr > 10 fmol/mg membrane protein and oestrogen receptor (ER) status and a positive correlation with early recurrence and death. Our data describe a reproducible assay for EGFr and show that a cut‐off point at 10 fmol/mg allows clinically useful application.
TPA enhancement of the recovery of methotrexate and N‐phosphonacetyl L‐aspartate resistant mouse 3T6 cell clones is associated with transient alterations of cell cycle progression
Authors: Szallasi Arpad , Fox Margaret , Kinsella Anne R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of methotrexate (MTX) and N‐phosphonacetyl L‐aspartate (PALA) with and without 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) have been tested on the cell‐cycle traverse of mouse 3T6 and Chinese hamster V79 cell lines. MTX, whether administered with or without TPA, had very little effect on the cell cycle of the V79 Chinese hamster cell line. However, low MTX concentrations produced a significant G1 accumulation in the mouse 3T6 cell line after 24 hr, and this was accentuated by TPA treatment. These findings parallel previous observations that TPA enhances the recovery of MTX‐ and PALA‐resistant mouse 3T6 cell clones but has little or no effect on drug‐resistant colony recovery in the V79 Chinese hamster cell line. The possibility that the increase in accumulation of cells in G1 might permit the rescue of an increased proportion of cells due to the release of purines and pyrimidines from dying cells is discussed. Such rescue should occur irrespective of whether or not the cell line has the ability to amplify its target genes.
Expression of differentiation antigens within human mammary tumours is related to response to endocrine therapy and survival
Authors: Baildam A. D. , Howell A. , Barnes Diana M. , Redford Judy , Healy Karen , Swindell R. , Sellwood R. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman mammary tumours which are histologically well differentiated are more likely to synthesize receptors for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) and to respond to systemic endocrine therapy. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between differentiation, receptors and endocrine responsiveness in more detail by relating the expression of putative differentiation antigens within tumours to ER, PR and response to treatment. Sections of the primary tumours of 160 patients with advanced evaluable breast cancer were immunostained with 2 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (HMFGI and HMFG2) raised against putative differentiation antigens found on the membranes which surround the milk fat globule. Tumours were highly heterogeneous with respect to antigen expression. However, the number of cells which expressed the antigens was highly correlated with ER and PR concentrations and with response to endocrine therapy. In tumours where ⩾ 20% of cells expressed the antigen recognized by HMFGI, 73% responded to endocrine therapy; this was similar to the response predicted by ER (67%) and PR (73%). Expression of HMFGI was correlated with survival from the start of endocrine therapy (p < 0.0001) to the same degree as ER and PR. Patients with tumours which expressed ER, PR and HMFGI had the highest response rate (87%) and survival (median 49 months); the response in tumours which expressed none of these phenotypes was 13% and the median survival of these patients was 9 months. These results suggest that cells which express differentiation antigens also express ER and PR. Differentiated cells within mammary tumours may therefore be the target cells for systemic hormone, and also the source of factors which control tumour growth.
Recent trends in cancer incidence among Singapore Chinese
Authors: Lee H. P. , Duffy S. W. , Day N. E. , Shanmugaratnam K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince the inception of cancer registration in Singapore in 1968, the incidence rates of malignancies have been monitored among the 3 major ethnic groups–Chinese (77% of population), Malays (15%) and Indians (6%). Substantial changes in incidence at various sites were observed in the period 1968–1982, which seem to represent a shift from the pattern of cancer incidence in China towards that prevailing in the West. We now report on the Singapore Chinese experience, in which the following changes were notable: decreases in rates of cancers of the stomach and oesophagus and increases in rates of cancers of the lung, colon, rectum, skin (excluding melanoma), breast and ovary. For several sites, the secular changes differed among age groups; among women under 50 years of age breast cancer increased particularly sharply and lung cancer decreased. Environmental and personal factors, potentially responsible for the change, are discussed.
DNA blotting analysis of human retroviruses in cerebrospinal fluid of spastic paraparesis patients: The viruses are identical to human T‐cell leukemia virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1)
Authors: Imamura Jun , Tsujimoto Atsumi , Ohta Yoshihiro , Hirose Shozo , Shimotohno Kunitada , Miwa Masanao , Miyoshi Isao 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe structure of the integrated provirus in cell lines established from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with human T‐cell leukemia virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1)‐associated myelopathy (HAM) was analyzed. The digestion patterns with 3 restriction endonucleases, Sac I, Eco RI and Pst I, of the proviruses integrated in T‐lymphoid cell lines derived from the CSF of 4 HAM patients were similar to those of HTLV‐1 from adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) patients. Integrated proviruses in one of these cell lines derived from the CSF were further analyzed in detail with 2 more restriction enzymes, BamHI and Sma I. The results indicate that the retrovirus found in lymphocytes of the CSF from patients with HAM are very similar, if not identical, to HTLV‐I found in the leukemic lymphocytes of ATL patients.
Reproductive factors and risk of ovarian cancer: A prospective study
Authors: Kvåle Gunnar , Heuch Ivar , Nilssen Steinar , Beral Valerie 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAssociations between reproductive factors and risk of ovarian cancer were examined in a prospective study of 60,565 women in Norway. A total of 445 women were diagnosed as having ovarian cancer during follow‐up, from 1961 through 1980. The highest risk was observed among nulliparous women, and the risk decreased significantly with increasing parity. The estimated odds ratio for women with 5 or more births compared with one birth was 0.46, after adjustment for age, urban/rural place of residence and occupational class. Neither age at first or last birth, nor age at menarche or menopause, nor marital status, showed significant associations with ovarian cancer risk after adjustment for parity. The apparent protective effect of high parity was observed for epithelial as well as non‐epithelial cancers, and for the separate histological types of epithelial cancer except mucinous cystadenocarcinomas.
Cytomatrix reorganization in dimethyl sulfoxide‐induced “Qi” substate murine hepatic tumor cells
Authors: Ryan Michael P. , Higgins Paul J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCultured murine hepatic tumor (HT) cells respond to the polar solvent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) with specific alterations in morphology, proliferative kinetics, and biochemical properties. These include entrance into a quiescent “Qi” substate (characterized by accumulation of cells in GI phase and lowered cellular RNA content), enhanced production of liver‐specific proteins, and decreased expression of growth traits characteristic of the transformed phenotype. Entrance of HT cells into Qi was associated with increased monolayer compaction and a shift from an elaborate surface fibronectin (FN) network to a sparse and restricted distribution of FN fibers. This marked decrease in the extent and complexity of the cellular FN network, as a consequence of DMSO exposure, was reflected in a 90% decline in the amount of FN secreted into the culture medium. These data complement previous studies indicating that the accumulation and composition of liver cell matrix substances reflect altered patterns of hepatocyte‐specific gene expression. In the HT cell system, DMSO appears to act in a bifunctional manner, increasing the production of certain tissue‐specific proteins (e. g., albumin and alphafetoprotein) while decreasing the secretion and deposition of other cellular components (FN). DMSO may directly regulate expression of these proteins in HT cells or alter the pattern of cellular response to specific autocrine growth factors.
Photosensitization of differentiating friend erythroleukemic cells by hematoporphyrin derivative and the cholesterol effect
Authors: Lejbkowicz Flavio , Malik Zvi , Salzberg Samuel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Friend erythroleukemia cell line was used to study the binding and biological properties of the photosensitizer hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) on a differentiating system. In addition, the effect of cholesterol hemisuccinate (CHS) enrichment of cell membranes on HPD activity was tested on the same cell system. Differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells (FLC) was induced with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and resulted in a decreased cell volume and an increased rate of hemoglobin synthesis as a function of the duration of DMSO treatment. Differentiated cells seem to bind less porphyrin than their undifferentiated counterparts. Thus, cells treated for 6 days with DMSO bound 30–40% less dye than an identical number of untreated FLC. In contrast, a similar inhibition of both DNA and protein synthesis by photoactivated HPD was evident in either DMSO‐treated or untreated FLC. Enrichment of cell membranes with CHS led to the same degree of protection from the damaging activity of the photoactivated dye in both differentiated and undifferentiated FLC. The decreased binding of HPD to DMSO‐treated FLC is most likely a result of a reduction in cell volume of differentiated cells and is not related to an intrinsic property of the differentiation process.