bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute lower respiratory infection in Argentinian children: A 40 month clinical and epidemiological study
Authors: Murtagh Patricia , Cerqueiro Cristina , Halac Alicia , Avila Maria , Salomón Horacio , Weissenbacher Mercedes 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn a total of 1, 003 children (805 inpatients and 198 outpatients) with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI), clinical, social, and environmental data were analyzed. The major clinical entities were bronchiolitis, pneumonia, bronchitis, and laryngitis. The first two of these predominated in inpatients; pneumonia and bronchitis were more common in older children, while bronchiolitis was observed in infants. Respiratory rates of >50/min. were more common in younger children and in cases with bronchiolitis and bronchitis. Retractions showed markedly less age‐dependent variations and were present in all severe cases with different clinical diagnoses. Retractions alone or associated with cyanosis were the best indicators for severity of ALRI. Among outpatients, fever and wheezing were more common; inpatients were younger, more frequently malnourished, and from a lower socioeconomic level; family history of chronic bronchitis, crowding, and parental smoking also prevailed in this group. Family asthma and exposure to domestic aerosols was more common among outpatients. Prematurity rate (17 and 15%) of all ALRI cases was twice that of the general pediatric population and a significant difference existed between in‐ and outpatients under 6 months of age when perinatal respiratory pathologies predominated among inpatients. It is suggested to consider the need for assessing personal, family, and environmental risk factors in addition to clinical signs and symptoms when severe cases of ALRI are evaluated. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1993; 16: 1–8. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New associations of primary ciliary dyskinesia syndrome
Authors: Engesaeth V. Gemou , Warner J. O. , Bush A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTen of 32 patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia syndrome (PCDS) also had other conditions. Five esophageal problems, 4 congenital heart disease, 2 scoliosis, and 4 miscellaneous and probably coincidental conditions were discovered. Additionally, a patient in this series, who has a normal heart, had a brother who died after surgery for complex congenital heart disease. In retrospect, he too probably had PCDS. The association of severe esophageal and cardiac disease with primary ciliary dyskinesia has not been described before. The diagnosis of PCDS may carry more implications than previously recognized. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1993; 16:9–12. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lung function in children and adolescents with tetralogy of Fallot after intracardiac repair
Authors: Zapletal Alois , Samanek Milan , Hruda Jaroslav , Hucin Bohuslav 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe studied lung function in 41 patients, aged 6–27 years, 1–5 years after intracardiac surgical repair (ICR) of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and about 5 years after the establishment of the Pediatric Cardiac Center in Prague. The measurements included vital capacity (VC). total lung capacity (TLC), functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV), forced expiratory flows (FEF), specific airway conductance (SGaw), lung recoil pressure (Pst), and specific static lung compliance (S1st). Single or mutiple abnormal lung function parameters were found in 83% of patients. Lung function was not related to shunting operations prior to ICR, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit, and had no specific pattern. Pst at 100% TLC and 90% TLC declined with increasing age at ICR and at lung function testing, while SC, rose, as did the ratio FRC/TLC. Fifteen patients were studied before and after surgery. Single or multiple lung function tests were abnormal in 93% before and in 84% after ICR. After ICR the ratios FRC/TLC and also RV/TLC, FEF at 25% VC, and FEF at 60% TLC were less frequently abnormal, while Pst at 100% TLC and at 90% TLC, as well as SGaw and TLC, were more frequently abnormal after ICR. The results indicated a regression of smaller airway obstruction and lung hyperinflation after ICR. The evolution of abnormally compliant (emphysematous) lungs with growth of the patients might be a sign of permanent sequelae of early lung damage from abnormal pulmonary hemodynamics. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1993; 16:23–30. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resistive and elastic unloading to assist spontaneous breathing does not change functional residual capacity
Authors: Schulze Andreas , Schaller Peter , Töpfer Andreas , Kirpalani Haresh 
Published: March 2007

AbstractResistive and/or elastic unloading (a negative ventilator impedance, otherwise termed proportional assist ventilation) may be a useful means to assist spontaneous breathing. This only applies if the ventilator accurately provides pressure changes at the airway opening (Pao) proportional to the instantaneous flow and/or volume signal of spontaneous breathing and no significant phase lag. We designed such an infant ventilator, which controls the Pao, by a negative feedback loop, and superimposes a second positive feedback circuit to generate unloading. To test this mode and the ventilator's accuracy in performing the synchronized pressure changes, we examined the functional residual capacity (FRC). We hypothesized that unloading by itself would not alter FRC because Pao, should return to a preset baseline at end‐expiration, and furthermore, that FRC could be actively altered by changing the baseline. Five anesthetized, tracheotomized, spontaneously breathing rabbits [respiratory system compliance 22.4 ± 4.6 mL/kPa (mean ± SEM)] were exposed to end‐expiratory Pao, levels of 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 kPa. At each of these levels a period of regular continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was alternated with a period of unloading (−40 mL/kPa ventilator compliance combined with −3 kPa/Us ventilator resistance). FRC measured by a sulfur hexafluoride washout technique was virtually identical on CPAP and during unloading at equal end‐expiratory Pao, (difference, 1.41% ± 0.95%), but FRC increased upon elevation of the end‐expiratory Pao, by 29.4 2 3.6 mL/kPa on CPAP and 30.2 ± 3.2 at unloading (difference NS). We conclude that FRC is not destabilized by unloading, but that during unloading, as during CPAP, it depends on the end‐expiratory Pao. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1993; 16:170–176. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
International comparison of asthma prevalence in children: Australia, Switzerland, Chile
Authors: Robertson Colin F. , Bishop Janet , Sennhauser Felix H. , Mallol Javier 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine if the prevalence of symptoms suggestive of asthma in school‐age children was similar in three countries with differing language and culture. To answer this question, we used the same instrument, translated appropriately, for schoolchildren in Melbourne, Australia, St. Gallen, Switzerland, and La Serena, Chile. A three page respiratory symptoms questionnaire was issued to schools for distribution to children for completion by parents and return to the school. Three age groups were selected for study, based on the average age of the school grade. Grades were used with average ages of 7, 12, and 15 years, respectively. A total of 26,628 questionnaires were issued to parents (Australia, 10,981; Switzerland, 4.464; Chile, 11,163). The response rates for each country were 89% for Australia, 97.5% for Switzerland, and 71% for Chile.The prevalence of wheezing in the last 12 months for 7 year olds was 23.1% in Melbourne, 7.4% in St. Gallen, and 26.5% in La Serena; for 12 year olds it was 20.9% in Melbourne, 6.0% in St. Gallen, and 21.l% in La Serena; for 15 year olds it was 18.6% in Melbourne, 4.5% in St. Gallen, and 17.7% in La Serene. A history of wheezing was more common in boys than girls at age 7 in Melbourne and St. Gallen, but not La Serena. This difference was less at age 12 and was not seen at age 15. Among those who had reported wheezing in the last 12 months, bronchodilator use was reported by 83% (1,611/1,948) from Melbourne, 46% (1 18/259) from St. Gallen, and 47% (538/1,140) from La Serena.The prevalence of respiratory symptoms reported from Switzerland was much lower than that for Australia or Chile. Now that a difference in the prevalence of asthma symptoms has been demonstrated, it may be desirable to compare environmental factors between countries with different prevalence rates. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1993; 16:219–226. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone turnover in asthmatic children treated with oral prednisolone or inhaled budesonide
Authors: Wolthers Ole D. , Riis Bente Juel , Pedersen Søsren 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBiochemical markers of bone turnover were studied in prepubertal school children with asthma in two randomized double‐blind crossover trials with run‐in, treatment, and wash‐out periods of 2 weeks. One group (n = 11) was treated with 2.5 and 5.0 mg prednisolone, the other (n = 14) with 200 and 800 μg inhaled budesonide per day. Serum osteocalcin, serum total alkaline phosphatase, fasting urinary excretion of hydroxyproline and calcium, serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were assessed. A dose‐related reduction of serum osteocalcin (Page's test for trend: P = 0.04; z = −2.3) and of the fasting urinary hydroxypro1ine:creatinine ratio (Page's test for trend: P = 0.05; z = −2.0) was found in the children who were treated with prednisolone. Inhaled budesonide was not associated with statistically significant effects on any of the biochemical markers. Short‐term treatment with low daily doses of prednisolone may cause a suppression of bone turnover in children with asthma. To reduce the risk of adverse effects on bone turnover, doses of inhaled budesonide up to 800 μg daily may be preferable to low doses of prednisolone. Bone turnover remains to be evaluated during long‐term treatment. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1993; 16:341–346. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolution of pulmonary function during an acute exacerbation in hospitalized patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Gozal David , Bailey Sandra L. , Keens Thomas G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFew objective criteria have been validated for serial clinical monitoring in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) during pulmonary exacerbations. While pulmonary function tests (PFT) are often used to monitor clinical improvement, it is not known which test correlates most closely with clinical improvement. To answer this, we measured routine PFT in 58 patients with CF before, during, and at discharge after 2–3 week hospital admission in 71 episodes of pulmonary exacerbation. Patients with CF were discharged based on clinical, radiological, and laboratory criteria. In general, all PFTs improved at midadmission and improved further by discharge, at which time forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF25–75), vital capacity (VC), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), and oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SPO2) increased. The residual volume to total capacity ratio (RV/TLC) and the slope of phase 3 in the single breath N, washout curve (SP3 N2) decreased. The change in SP3 N2 was significantly greater than in any other PIT (P < 0.01 vs. VC and FEV1; P < 0.02 vs. RV and P < 0.001 vs. SPO2). A calculated optimal cut‐off value for SP3 N2 improvement was significantly more sensitive in identifying patient improvement at discharge than any other pulmonary function test (P = 0.005). We speculate that clinical improvement in patients with CF is closely linked to improved distribution of ventilation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1993; 16:347–353. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation between specific IgG subclass antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and opsonic activity in serum from patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Pressler Tacjana , Jensen Elsebeth T. , Espersen Frank , Pedersen Svend S. , Høiby Niels , Koch Christian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHeat‐stable opsonins from sera of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) non‐CF patients with chronic Pseudornonas aeruginosa infection, healthy children, and adults were investigated for their ability to promote phagocytosis of 35S‐labeled P. aeruginosa by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Healthy children had significantly lower levels of opsonic activity than adults. Sera from patients with CF without chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection showed significantly higher levels of opsonic activity compared to healthy children. Sera from patients with CF in the early stage of chronic infection had similar opsonic activity as non‐CF patients with chronic infection. Sera from patients with CF in the late stage of chronic infection had higher opsonic activity than other infected patients, but not different from adult controls. An inverse correlation was found between levels of specific antibodies to P. aeruginosa and opsonic activity in the group of patients in a late stage of infection. An inverse correlation was also found between levels of IgG1 and lgG3 to P. aeruginosa St‐Ag and opsonic activity during the late stage of infection. Infection with P. aeruginosa in CF did not induce significantly increased opsonic activity. It seems that antibodies to P. aeruginosa may have inhibitory opsonic activity. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:31–40. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The “horseshoe” lung: Six new cases
Authors: Dupuis Claude , Remy Jacques , Rémy‐Jardin Martine , Coulomb Max , Brèviere Georges‐Marie , Laden Seima Ben 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSix cases of horseshoe lung have been found in a group of 147 scimitar syndrome cases collected in a cooperative multicenter study. These cases were associated either with the severe infantile or with the benign adult form of the scimitar syndrome. The aim of this paper is to describe the clinical and imaging signs as well as the prognosis of 6 new cases of horseshoe lung in association with scimitar syndrome. The authors conclude (1) that the diagnosis of horseshoe lung may be strongly suspected on standard chest radiographs and confirmed by thoracic CT scan; (2) that the prognosis of scimitar syndrome does not seem to be worse when associated with horseshoe lung. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:124–130. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continued pulmonary recovery observed after discontinuing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Antunes Michael J. , Cullen James A. , Holt William J. , Gauthier Theresa W. , Baumgart Stephen , Greenspan Jay S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a valuable therapy for the treatment of reversible lung disease in neonates. Associated with this treatment, however, are risks for complications that increase with the duration of therapy. We evaluated alveolar‐arterial oxygen tension difference P pulmonary compliance (CL), and functional residual capacity (FRC) in 20 infants immediately after ECMO was discontinued, and again 24 hours thereafter. We measured C, by pnemotachography and eosphageal manometry and FRC by helium dilution. Mean (±SEM) values for CL and FRC increased (CL from 0.28 ± 0.02 to 0.35 ± 0.03 mL/cmH2O)/kg and FRC from 18.6 ± 1.4 to 22.2 ± 1.1 mL/kg; P < 0.05), and P and the oxygenation index (OI) decreased (200 ± 19 to 169 ± 14 mm Hg and 6.9 ± 0.44 to 5.4 ± 0.5, respectively; P < 0.02), over the 24 hour period following ECMO. Nineteen of 20 infants experienced improvement in at least two of these parameters. Improvements were found to be greatest in the infant with the worst lung function immediately after discontinuing ECMO, and in the ten infants who had not received pancuronium bromide for inducing skeletal muscle paralysis, following decannulation from ECMO. These data indicate that improvement in lung function following ECMO will generally continue over the 24 hour period following the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass, and that borderline pulmonary status may not preclude discontinuation of bypass therapy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:143–148. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variations in flows and pressures during jet ventilation in the infant: A model study
Authors: Belaguid A. , Guenard H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVentilatory flow rates with either He‐O2 (heliox) or N2‐O2, (nitrox) mixtures during high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) were calculated using a mathematical model, and were measured in a physical monoalveolar model of the infant lung. A constant flow was delivered to the model (V,) drawing with it an entrained flow (Ve). When the inspiratory time (Tl) was long, a back flow (Vr) was generated that increased progressively as the alveolar pressure increased. In order to reduce Vr the reflux time (Trc), i.e., the time needed for the injected gas to reflux, was measured (Trm)and calculated (Trc) with the model: The Tr depends on both chest‐lung compliance and resistance to reflux as well as on the Ve/Vd ratio. For a given setting of the ventilator, values of Trm and Trc were significantly lower with heliox than nitrox (P < 0.01), and the correlation between Trm and Trc were fair with both gases. Tidal volume (VT) was calculated when the Tl was interrupted at Tr The values of VT were significantly higher with heliox than nitrox (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the evaluation of Tr during HFJV may provide useful information for setting the ventilator. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:183–188. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary vasculitis with hemorrhage in anaphylactoid purpura
Authors: Wright Wendy K. , Krous Henry F. , Griswold William R. , Billman Glenn F. , Eichenfield Lawrence F. , Lemire Jacques M. , Reznik Vivian M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report a 14–year‐old female with anaphylactoid purpura (AP) who developed pulmonary hemorrhage with acute vasculitis on lung biopsy. She improved with pulse methylprednisolone, daily prednisone and ventilatory assistance. Pulmonary vasculitis is a rare but serious manifestation of AP. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:269–271. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nebulizer delivery of tobramycin to the lower respiratory tract
Authors: Weber Allan , Smith Arnold , Williams‐Warren Judy , Ramsey Bonnie , Covert David S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe characterized a tobramycin aerosol generated by five nebulizers: Micron One®, Pulmosonic®, Pulmo‐Aide®, De Vilbiss Model 65®, and Ultra Neb 100® by particle size and drug concentration. The Micron One nebulizer did not produce a recoverable aerosol, while the Pulmosonic had a minimal output: therefore three machines were examined for their ability to deliver tobramycin to the lower respiratory tract of patients with cystic f ibrosis (CF). The De Vilbiss 65 had the greatest output: with air as the carrier gas it produced an aerosol with >60% of the particles having a mean mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of >5.5 μm. Using helox shifted the MMAD so that >65% of the particles were <5.5 μm. Increasing the power in the De Vilbiss 65 increased the output of particles >9.2 μm, without a change in the particles <3.3 μm. With air as the carrier gas the Pulmo‐Aide and the Ultra Neb 100 produced an aerosol with >60% particles, <3.3 μm MMAD. Using helox the Ultra Neb 100 increased the amount of aerosol with a 13.3 μm MMAD to 98%. Tobramycin delivery to the lower respiratory tract with the Pulmo‐Aide and Ultra Neb 100 was compared using air or helox by measuring sputum drug concentration. Pulmo‐Aide failed to produce detectable tobramycin in sputum in 2 out of 9 patients with CF. With the Ultra Neb 100, all patients had measurable sputum tobramycin immediately after administration (range, 16.2–3385 μg/g), but no statistically significant difference was found when using either compressed air, helox, or ambient air. There was no correlation between pulmonary function and sputum tobramycin content. We conclude that the Ultra Neb 100 consistently delivered tobramycin to the lower respiratory tract in patients with CF. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:331–339. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of lung diffusing capacity and functional residual capacity in lambs during the first postnatal month
Authors: Johns David P. , Jakubowska Alexandra E. , McCrabb Graeme J. , Harding Richard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is an important index of lung function but is not easily measured in spontaneously breathing animals with small lung volumes. Our aim was to devise a simple rebreathing method that would allow us to make serial measurements of DLCO in spontaneously breathing lambs during their first month after birth. By adding He to the rebreathing gas mixture, we were also able to measure functional residual capacity (FRC), enabling us to normalize DLCO with respect to FRC. We have compared FRC measured by the rebreathing technique with that measured by a closed‐circuit helium dilution method (FRCcc). Using the rebreathing method we found highly significant positive correlations between DLCO and body weight (r = 0.70, P < 0.001) and between FRC and body weight (r = 0.79, P < 0.001). There was no significant change in DLCO/FRC over the first postnatal month; the mean value was 8.1± 0.6 ML/min/mmHg/mL. Rebreathing FRC was highly correlated with FRC, (r = 0.88, P < 0.001), but was lower than FRCcc by about 18%. In normal lambs DLCO and FRC, but not DLCO/FRC, increased during the first month after birth, suggesting that the increase in DLCO parallels lung growth. We conclude that the modified rebreathing method is suitable for measuring DLCO in small uncooperative spontaneously breathing animals. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:347–353. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiology of Pseudomonas cepacia colonization among patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: John Michael , Ecclestone Edward , Hunter Elizabeth , Couroux Peter , Hussain Zafar 
Published: March 2007

AbstractColonization with Pseudmonas cepacia in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has been associated with increased morbidity and early death, compared with colonization by P. aeruginosa. The mode of acquisition of P. cepacia is not fully understood, although person‐to‐person spread appears likely. Recent epidemiologic studies support the importance of social contact in the spread of P. cepacia among patients with CF. This study was undertaken to investigate the epidemiology of P. cepacia colonization among patients with CF attending the CF clinic at our center. Isolates of P. cepacia were collected from patients at two CF treatment centers, including ours. Additional isolates were collected from patients without CF in the hospital ICU, from other teaching hospitals, and from the environment. Profiles of enzymes were obtained by ultrathin polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of P. cepacia extracts. A predominant electromorphic type (ET) was found among P. cepacia isolates from patients at both centers, suggesting a common source or person‐to‐person transmission. The majority of hospital isolates fell into a single, different ET. Surveillance swabs of respiratory equipment at our CF clinic did not grow P. cepacia. Attendance of patients at CF summer camp correlated strongly with P. cepacia colonization (P < 0.0001).Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994;18:108–113. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.