bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of the use of cyano-acrylate adhesive to prevent biliary leakage in percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
Authors: Georgakakis A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A simple modification of the technique of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography to prevent leakage of bile or blood has been investigated.
Isobutyl 2-cyano-acrylate monomer has been used to obliterate and seal the tract left when the needle and polythene tube are withdrawn, thus effectively preventing leakage.
The diagnosis and prophylaxis of pulmonary complications of surgical operation
Authors: Laszlo G , Archer G G , Darrell J H , Dawson J M , Fletcher C M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eighty-eight non-bronchitic and 52 bronchitic patients undergoing elective general and plastic surgical operations in two wards were studied for postoperative chest complications, which were diagnosed by increased purulence of sputum and radiological changes at 24 or 48 hours. Eighty per cent of the patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery and 30 per cent of the other patients had chest complications. Postoperative bronchitis or pneumonia severe enough to delay discharge was found in 14 patients (10 per cent). Twice-daily physiotherapy to the chest did not affect the outcome in 86 patients without chronic bronchopulmonary disease. Routine administration of ampicillin to ‘cover’ chronic bronchitics undergoing general anaesthesia was found to be of no value in a controlled trial of the 52 bronchitic patients. However, bacteriological and radiological studies lend some support to the suggestion that prophylaxis with a bactericidal antibiotic may reduce the incidence and morbidity of postoperative pulmonary infections in patients having upper abdominal operations.
Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema after perforation of the duodenum during gastroscopy
Authors: Allan R N , Smallwood C J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The first case of duodenal perforation during gastroscopy is reported. The patient's symptoms were mild in contrast to the dramatic picture of perforated peptic ulcer. He developed a pneumoperitoneum, pneumomediastinum, and, in addition, subcutaneous emphysema of the neck—signs more commonly associated with oesophageal rupture than perforation of the duodenum.
The aetiology of these signs and the prevention of this complication are discussed.
Adenocarcinoma and crohn's disease a report of 2 cases and analysis of the literature
Authors: Darke S G , Parks A G , Grogono J L , Pollock D J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two cases of carcinoma developing in a segment of Crohn's disease are described, one in the large intestine and one in the small intestine. From an analysis of the literature, evidence is advanced with regard to age at the time of developing carcinoma, duration of symptoms attributable to Crohn's disease, anatomical distribution, and observed incidence compared with chance incidence. It is concluded that there is a small but significant risk of carcinoma developing, both in the small and large intestines, in Crohn's disease.
The use of immunized pig lymph-node cells in the treatment of patients with advanced malignant disease
Authors: Symes M O , Riddell A G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The treatment of 14 patients with advanced malignant disease by the infusion of pig lymph-node cells pre-immunized against the appropriate tumour is described.
Marked tumour necrosis was seen in 7 cases and 4 of the patients obtained definite clinical benefit.
It is suggested that the therapy may be of most value when used in conjunction with other forms of treatment.
High blood viscosity: An aetiological factor in venous thrombosis
Authors: Dormandy John A , Edelman Joy B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This is a preliminary report on a prospective study of 52 general surgical and gynaecological patients designed to investigate a possible relationship between a high blood viscosity and the development of deep venous, thrombosis (D. V. T.). The blood viscosity of the patients was measured immediately before operation and the development of venous thrombosis was monitored with the radioactive fibrinogen technique. The 11 patients who developed a D.V.T. had a blood viscosity, prior to operaton, 21 per cent higher than the patients who did not develop venous throbosis. The difference was 29 per cent if correction was made for variation in the heamatocrit. It was found that a general surgical patient, over 40 years of age, with a preoperatife blood viscosity above 4.3 cP (corrected to a heamatocrit of 45 per cent) will have a 73 per cent chance of deveiopin a D.V.T. after operation.
The effect of antral acidification on acid secretion stimulated by pentagastrin
Authors: Wheeler M H , Prescott R J , Forrest A P M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In 6 dogs with innervated antral pouches (4 with vagally innervated fundic pouches and 2 with vagally denervated fundic pouches) the effect of irrigating the antral pouches with acid on the pentagastrin-induced secretion from the fundic pouches was assessed. A range of doses of pentagastrin (0.25–8.0 μg. per kg. body-weight per hour) was given by intravenous infusion for 3 hours at a constant rate, each dose being given on six occasions in separate experiments carried out on separate days. No consistent inhibition of secretion was observed in either preparation. The results do not support the concept of either an inhibitory hormone or an inhibitory neural reflex of antral origin active against pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion.
An analysis of 59 cases of tracheal stenosis following tracheostomy with cuffed tube and assisted ventilation, with special reference to diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Andrews M J , Pearson F G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An analysis of 59 cases of tracheal stenosis after tracheostomy with cuffed tube and assisted ventilation is reported. Special emphasis is placed upon diagnosis and treatment. The detection of severe strictures is usually easily achieved, but mild to moderate degrees of stenosis may present difficulties in diagnosis and may remain undetected for some time.
Management of the strictures included dilatation (14 cases), segmental tracheal resection with primary end-to-end anastomosis (34 cases), staged plastic reconstruction (2 cases), and permanent tracheostomy (4 cases). No treatment was given in 5 cases.
Dilatation achieved a good result in 6 cases and a satisfactory one in 8. Of 34 strictures treated by segmental resection, a good result was obtained in 29 cases, although 7 required a second operation for restenosis. Three cases had an unsatisfactory result and there were 2 operative deaths. Postoperative complications are discussed.
Mild strictures may be satisfactorily managed by dilatation, but some mild strictures and all severe strictures are best treated by segmental resection with primary end-to-end anastomosis. Segmental defects ranging from 0.5 to 5.5 cm. in length can be satisfactorily resected.
The Kirschner operation—a forgotten procedure
Authors: Ong G B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Kirschner, in 1920, described an operation for benign stricture of the oesophagus. This entails division of the cervical oesophagus, closing the distal portion, bringing the stomach to the neck, and anastomosing the fundus to the proximal divided portion of the oesophagus. This operation has not been performed since, because of the tedious anastomosis between the divided abdominal oesophagus and the jejunum. However, it may be applied in the treatment of malignant oesophagobronchial fistula when it is desirable to isolate the fistula from the upper alimentary tract. This paper describes the operation as carried out in the treatment of 18 cases of advanced oesophageal carcinoma, 6 of whom had a oesophagobronchial fistula. When the operation was successful the patients could eat a normal diet without spasms of cough.
Glove-powder granuloma of the testis after surgery
Authors: Pugh J I , Stringer Paul 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of epididymitis and periorchitis due to talc granulomatosis 11 years after operation for hydrocele is reported. The pathology of the lesions caused by the inadvertent contamination of tissues during surgical operations is reviewed with particular reference to the testis.
The effects of early experimental cryptorchidism and subsequent orchidopexy on the maturation of the guinea-pig testicle
Authors: Atkinson P M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A histological study of experimental cryptorchidism in the immature guinea-pig and the results of subsequent orchidopexy are described.
Arrest of development of a testis was produced by delaying its descent into the scrotum. Subsequent orchidopexy at ages up to and beyond puberty allowed development to continue to active spermatogenesis.
The poor results following orchidopexy for natural cryptorchidism in man are discussed in relation to this experimental work and the existence of a primary testicular abnormality is suggested. The superficial inguinal pouch ectopic testicle and the retractile testicle are also discussed.
The effect of unilateral experimental cryptorchidism and subsequent orchidopexy upon maturation of the contralateral scrotal testicle of the guinea-pig
Authors: Atkinson P M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A study of the contralateral scrotal testicle of the guinea-pig before and after the surgical treatment of unilateral experimental cryptorchidism is described.
The contralateral scrotal testicle of the guinea-pig has been found to mature quite normally without any evidence of incomplete development. In man, however, the contralateral scrotal testicle of unilaterally cryptorchid patients often shows incomplete development. The difference in results suggests that in man the unilateral cryptorchid state may be associated with a bilateral testicular abnormality. This bilateral abnormality might be the cause of poor fertility and, if severe, might also be the cause of failure of descent of the cryptorchid testicle.
Sincipital encephalomeningoceles
Authors: Whatmore W J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A definition of cranial encephalomeningocele is presented together with a classification of the types of sincipital encephalomeningocele and a review of their frequency throughout the world. A series of 30 cases encountered in Burma is described, including the personal details, clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, general management, operative treatment, and the observations at operation. The aetiology and pathogenesis of sincipital encephalomeningocele are discussed with reference to the literature, to the embryogenesis of the skull and brain, and consideration of the observations made in this series of cases.
The value of plasma gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the detection of hepatic metastases
Authors: Irvin T T , Edwards J P , Goligher J C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
It has been suggested that measurement of the plasma enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) may be useful in the detection of hepatic metastases.
To assess the value of GGTP as a screening test for hepatic metastases, 40 cases of gastro-intestinal carcinoma were studied prior to surgery.
Ten patients had hepatic metastases, and in 5 of these the plasma GGTP was within normal limits. Abnormal GGTP results were always associated with elevation of the plasma alkaline phosphatase, and preoperative clinical examination of the liver proved to be the most accurate method for the detection of hepatic metastases.
A controlled trial of closed wound suction drainage in radical mastectomy
Authors: Morris A M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A controlled clinical trial has been performed to compare the effectiveness of suction drainage with that of static drainage. The trial has shown that in 53 radical mastectomy wounds the rate of wound healing was faster in those cases in which suction drainage was used, with a reduction in incidence of wound infection, breakdown, and necrosis.
Postoperative wound infection in colonic and rectal surgery
Authors: Burton R C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
There was a statistically significant association between the species of bacteria isolated from the bowel at operation, and the species subsequently isolated from a postoperative wound infection in 100 patients who underwent colonic or rectal surgery. There was also a statistically significant increase in the incidence of Gram-negative bacteriaemia in patients who developed a wound infection following such surgery. This bacteriaemia was most commonly detected before and during the operation. Its role in the aetiology of postoperative wound infection has not yet been established.
Cytotoxic perfusion of the liver via the umbilical vein for liver metastases in carcinoma of the colon
Authors: Bevan P G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Four patients with carcinoma of the large bowel and liver metastases have been treated by primary resection and perfusion of the liver with 5-fluorouracil via an umbilical vein cannula.
Two patients survived for 14 and 17 months respectively, 1 is still alive after 17 months, and 1 was relieved of deep obstructive jaundice but died 4 months after treatment. The patients were studied clinically, by serial haematological and liver-function tests, and by hepatography and liver scanning. The only severe toxic effect was diarrhoea in 1 patient. The rationale of this method of treatment is discussed along with other applications. It is considered justifiable to use this technique in this group of patients in an attempt to improve the poor prognosis.
A circulating depressant effect following canine haemorrhagic shock
Authors: Fisher W D , Heimbach D W , McArdle C S , Maddern M , Hutcheson Maureen M , Ledingham I McA 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Following periods of 1 or 3 1/2 hours of haemorrhagic shock in 12 anaesthetized ventilated greyhounds, ultrafiltrates of plasma taken 4 hours after retransfusion exibited significantly increased depressant activity on guinea-pig atrium in vitro. This effect was significantly greater following prolonged hypotension and could not be accounted for by changes in electrolyte composition. It is suggested that this effect may be related to defective myocardial function following haemorrhagic shock.
Hyperbaric oxygen and wound healing in post-irradiation head and neck surgery
Authors: Greenwood T W , Gilchrist A G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Irradiation impairs wound healing owing to reduced vascularity with an increased susceptibility to infection. The case histories of 4 patients with carcinoma of the larynx who have had irradiation and subsequent laryngectomies followed by hyperbaric oxygen therapy are described. It is the authors' clinical impression that skin healing in these patients has been improved by hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The skin changes following ionizing radiation, the rationale of hyperbaric oxygen, and its method of use are described.
Oesophageal intubation in obstructive lesions of the oesophagus
Authors: Das Suman Kumar , John H T 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a study of the relative merits of the Mousseau-Barbin and Celestin tubes used for palliation in 60 patients with dysphagia due to mechanical obstruction of the oesophagus by cancer or stricture, the Celestin tube emerged as a better palliative measure than the Mousseau-Barbin tube in so far as operative morbidity and mortality are concerned. In the assessment of the quality of life after intubation the Celestin tube again appears to be the better tube in the early postoperative period but in the later stages there appears to be no significant difference in the quality of life between the two tubes.
The quality of life as defined in this paper appears to have little relation to the duration of survival.
Diaphragmatic rupture due to blunt trauma
Authors: Salleh Hussein Bin Mohamed 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
With the increasing number of abdominal, pelvic, and thoracic injuries due to trauma as a result of roadtraffic accidents rupture of the diaphragm is becoming more frequent. Two personal cases are presented and the literature as regards symptomatology, mechanism of rupture, site of rupture, and treatment is reviewed. Early operative treatment is recommended.
Deep-vein thrombosis in patients with fracture of the upper part of the femur: A phlebographic study
Authors: Smyrnis S A , Kolios A S , Agnantis J K 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Deep-vein thrombosis was found by phlebography in 60.3 per cent of 58 patients with fracture of the upper end of the femur. The incidence was higher on the left side. Thrombus was detected in the uninjured leg in many cases, and therefore the need for bilateral investigation is emphasized.
The convenience of the radioactive fibrinogen test and ultrasound technique for detecting thrombosis in patients has been widely accepted, but we also consider that phlebography, using a portable radiograph machine, is a valuable and easy method for the detection of deep-vein thrombosis in seriously ill patients.
A randomized prospective clinical trial of single-layer and two-layer inverting intestinal anastomoses
Authors: Irvin T T , Goligher J C , Johnston D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Most surgeons recommend an inverting technique for anastomosis of the intestine using two layers of sutures, but it has been suggested that greater safety would be achieved by using an inverting method which involves only a single layer of sutures.
Single-layer inverting and standard two-layer inverting intestinal anastomoses were compared in a randomized prospective clinical study of 60 patients. A similar incidence of anastomotic dehiscence and obstructive complications occurred after both types of anastomosis and it was concluded that single-layer methods of anastomosis do not possess qualities which surpass the standard two-layer method.
Non-malignant breast masses in an african population
Authors: Ajayi O O , Adekunle O 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The clinical manifestation of non-malignant breast masses in an African population is presented. The pattern of disease is affected by many factors, among which are social habits, poverty, and ignorance. The problems of diagnosis and treatment are discussed. Ulcerating benign masses simulate advanced malignancies and no hasty conclusion should be made on the latter without histological proof or evidence of distant metastases. There may be an indication for mammary amputation in some diseased pendulous breasts.
Demonstration of simple ureterocele prolapsing into the urethra of an adult male
Authors: Parsons C A , Malpass C P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case is reported of a simple ureterocele descending into and obstructing the urethra during micturition in a 30-year-old male who had symptoms for only 6 months. This was demonstrated and recorded by a simple technique using conventional radiographic apparatus.
Glucagon therapy in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Condon John R , Knight Michael , Day John L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Thirty patients with acute pancreatitis (10 classified as severe) were treated with glucagon at an initial dose of 1 mg. intravenously followed by 1-1-5 mg. every 4 hours.
Glucagon therapy was associated with the relief of pain and clinical improvement in all the patients including 2 subjects who eventually died. In all but 1 of the patients the plasma amylase fell during glucagon infusion. Two patients died, giving a mortality-rate of 7 per cent compared with 22 per cent and 26 per cent of most published series in Britain.
Ten years' experience in the surgical treatment of basal-cell carcinoma. A study of factors associated with recurrence
Authors: Taylor G Allan , Barisoni Dino 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A retrospective review of 817 basal-cell carcinomas Which were treated surgically and confirmed by histological examination is presented.
Slightly more than half of the 590 patients were men. Eighty per cent of the lesions occurred in patients over the age of 50 years.
Ninety-four per cent of the lesions occurred in the head and neck with the highest density in the nasal and periorbital regions.
One lesion in 4 had been unsuccessfully irradiated prior to referral.
Less than one-half of the pathology reports gave any indication of completeness of removal. Nineteen per cent of these reported tumour in the margin of resection, indicating incomplete removal.
Over half of the lesions were kept under observation for more than 2 years.
The overall recurrence rate for the series was 9.8 per cent, but for the 535 lesions treated primarily by us the recurrence rate was 5.2 per cent.
Factors producing an increased risk of recurrence probably operate in combination making it difficult to evaluate them individually. Such factors are: (a) the anatomical site, the nasal and periorbital regions carrying the highest risk; (b) previous treatment before referral, including irradiation; (c) free skingrafting as a method of repairing the defect; (d) the presence of tumour histologically in the margin of resection.
Fifty-nine lesions did not recur in spite of pathology reports which indicated incomplete removal. This was not related to either a shorter length of follow-up or the type of repair used in these cases.
Obstructive uropathy in granulomatous bowel disease
Authors: Mooney R A H , Sant G R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Ureteral obstruction is a seldom recognized complication of Crohn's disease and its incidence and natural history are unknown. The intravenous pyelogram findings in 5 cases of Crohn's disease are discussed and it is suggested that ureteral involvement signifies severe disease necessitating operation. The operative treatment of 1 of the cases by ureterolysis plus bowel excision is presented and discussed. Routine intravenous urography is recommended as part of the assessment of cases of Crohn's disease.
The effect of vagotomy on the inhibition of gastric secretion by intraduodenal fat
Authors: Ward A S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
It has been suggested that the inhibition of gastric secretion by intraduodenal fat is a vagal phenomenon in man. Selective and highly selective vagotomy, by preserving this reflex, could offer advantages over truncal vagal section. This paper reports the effect of intraduodenal fat on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion in duodenal ulcer patients before and after truncal vagotomy.
Marked inhibition of gastric secretion occurred in all the patients. In the postoperative group gastric secretion was almost totally abolished following fat infusion despite the absence of an abdominal vagal supply. The results suggest that inhibition of gastric secretion by intraduodenal fat is mediated by a nonvagal mechanism in man; from this point of view, therefore, there is little advantage in attempting to preserve the nerve-supply to the duodenum at vagotomy.
Evaluation of oral thymoxamine in patients with peripheral vascular occlusion of the lower limbs
Authors: Thomas Margaret , Campbell H , Heard G E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
To determine the effectiveness of oral thymoxamine (Opilon) as a cutaneous vasodilator in patients with peripheral vascular occlusion of the lower limb, double-blind trials of a placebo, of tolazoline in a dose of 50 mg., and of thymoxamine in single doses of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg. have been undertaken using skin temperature and skin blood-flow as measures of response. Thymoxamine produced no significant increases in skin temperature and blood-flow at any dose level, whereas in the same patients tolazoline produced highly significant increases.