bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of maternal lineage and biogeographic analyses of ancient and modern Hungarian populations
Authors: Tömöry Gyöngyvér , Csányi Bernadett , Bogácsi‐Szabó Erika , Kalmár Tibor , Czibula Ágnes , Csősz Aranka , Priskin Katalin , Mende Balázs , Langó Péter , Downes C. Stephen , Raskó István 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe Hungarian language belongs to the Finno‐Ugric branch of the Uralic family, but Hungarian speakers have been living in Central Europe for more than 1000 years, surrounded by speakers of unrelated Indo‐European languages. In order to study the continuity in maternal lineage between ancient and modern Hungarian populations, polymorphisms in the HVSI and protein coding regions of mitochondrial DNA sequences of 27 ancient samples (10th–11th centuries), 101 modern Hungarian, and 76 modern Hungarian‐speaking Sekler samples from Transylvania were analyzed. The data were compared with sequences derived from 57 European and Asian populations, including Finno‐Ugric populations, and statistical analyses were performed to investigate their genetic relationships. Only 2 of 27 ancient Hungarian samples are unambiguously Asian: the rest belong to one of the western Eurasian haplogroups, but some Asian affinities, and the genetic effect of populations who came into contact with ancient Hungarians during their migrations are seen. Strong differences appear when the ancient Hungarian samples are analyzed according to apparent social status, as judged by grave goods. Commoners show a predominance of mtDNA haplotypes and haplogroups (H, R, T), common in west Eurasia, while high‐status individuals, presumably conquering Hungarians, show a more heterogeneous haplogroup distribution, with haplogroups (N1a, X) which are present at very low frequencies in modern worldwide populations and are absent in recent Hungarian and Sekler populations. Modern Hungarian‐speaking populations seem to be specifically European. Our findings demonstrate that significant genetic differences exist between the ancient and recent Hungarian‐speaking populations, and no genetic continuity is seen. Am J Phys Anthropol 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Anti‐tumor Activities of Novel Methylthio‐, Sulfinyl‐, and Sulfonyl‐8H‐thieno[2,3‐b]pyrrolizin‐8‐oximino Derivatives
Authors: Guo Shuchun , Zhao Yanfang , Zhao Xianglin , Zhang Sisi , Xie Lijun , Kong Weiyong , Gong Ping 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA series of novel methylthio‐, sulfinyl‐, and sulfonyl‐8H‐thieno[2,3‐b]pyrrolizin‐8‐oximino derivatives 7A–12P was designed and synthesized as anti‐tumor agents. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H‐NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. The anti‐tumor activities of all the target compounds were tested by the MTT method in vitro against Bel‐7402 (human liver cancer) and HT‐1080 (human fibro sarcoma) cell lines. Among them, compound 11N (IC50 = 18.2 μM, 8.2 μM), was the most promising compound of all synthesized molecules, it was 2.5‐ and 3.3‐times more active than cisplatin (IC50 = 45.2 μM, 26.7 μM), respectively.
Ambiguity and rationality
Authors: Frisch Deborah , Baron Jonathan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecently, several theories of decision making and probability judgment have been proposed that take into account ambiguity (Einhorn and Hogarth, 1985; Gardenfors and Sahlin, 1982). However, none of these theories explains exactly what the psychological causes of ambiguity are or addresses the issue of whether ambiguity effects are rational. In this paper, we define ambiguity as the subjective experience of missing information relevant to a prediction. We show how this definition can explain why ambiguity affects decisions in the ways it does. We argue that there are a variety of rational reasons ambiguity affects probability judgments and choices in the ways it does. However, we argue that the ambiguity effect does not cast doubt on the claim that utility theory is a standard of rational choice. Rather, we suggest that the effect of ambiguity on decisions highlights the fact that utility theory, like any normative model of decision making only prescribes the optimal decision, given what one knows.
An advantage model of choice
Authors: Shafir Eldar B. , Osherson Daniel N. , Smith Edward E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA descriptive model of choice between simple lotteries is proposed. According to the model, people combine 'absolute' and 'comparative' strategies in choice situations. Three experimental tests of the model are reported. In its limited domain, the model appears superior to Prospect Theory on qualitative grounds, and to 1‐parameter versions of Expected Utility Theory on both qualitative and quantitative grounds.
Experts, Novices, and the St. Petersburg paradox: Is one solution enough?
Authors: Bottom William P. , Bontempo Robert N. , Holtgrave David Robert 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAlthough the controversy over the correct solution to the St. Petersburg paradox continues in the decision making literature, few of the solutions have been empirically evaluated. Via the development of alternative versions of the St. Petersburg game, we were able to empirically test some of these solutions. Experts and novices behaved in accordance with Treisman's expectation heuristic when bidding for the right to play the various versions of the St. Petersburg game. When subjects were asked their preferences among the game versions. novices continued to behave in accordance with the expectation heuristic but a plurality of experts seemed to follow another strategy. This preference reversal and its implications and possible causes are thoroughly discussed. An alternative theory which mimicks the expectation heuristic is considered, and generalizations of the expectation heuristic and the St. Petersburg Paradox for z‐sided 'coins' (where z is any integer greater than or equal to 2) are presented. It appears that no one solution is yet rich enough for the St. Petersburg paradox.
The impact of task complexity on information use in multi‐attribute decision making
Authors: Timmermans Danielle 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study presents a process analysis of multi‐attribute decision making. The decision problems concerned the selection of the most suitable candidate for a job opening. The problems varied in terms of complexity, i.e. the number of candidates and the number of attributes used to describe these alternatives. Results show that with an increasing number of alternatives, subjects (N = 48) used fewer attributes for the evaluation of alternatives, and made, on average, less references to the alternatives. The type of judgment most often used was absolute dimensional (comparison of an attribute to an absolute standard) and was used more often at the beginning than toward the end of the decision process. Overall, judgments were predominantly positive. The percentage of positive judgments decreased with increasing complexity, and toward the end of the decision process. Significantly more judgments, particularly positive ones, concerned the finally chosen alternative as compared to the rest of the alternatives. Finally, analysis of subjects' usage of decision rules revealed that increasing the number of alternatives resulted in an increasing use of elimination strategies. Implications of these findings for the design of decision aids will be discussed.
Accountability amplifies the status quo effect when change creates victims
Authors: Tetlock Philip E. , Boettger Richard 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study assesses the impact of accountability, the status quo, and anticipated costs and benefits on judgement of the acceptability of a drug in the US pharmaceuticals market. Several effects are documented: (1) subjects were more accepting of a drug, the lower the anticipated risks of side effects and the greater the anticipated benefits; (2) subjects were especially unwilling to accept risk when the drug was not yet on the market and when they felt accountable for their decisions; (3) accountable subjects confronted by an off‐the‐market drug that posed moderate or high risk were also especially likely to procrastinate, to buckpass, and to think in integratively complex ways about the problem, notwithstanding the fact that many more lives would be saved than lost. We explain these results by positing that perceptual‐cognitive processes (loss aversion) and political processes (blame avoidance) mutually reinforce each other when decision makers are accountable for choices that raise the possibility of changing the status quo in ways that impose losses on identifiable constituencies. We conclude by commenting on the complex normative issues that arise in labelling response tendencies as biases. Choices that look irrational within one ethical or political framework sometimes appear quite reasonable with another.
Source dependence in the valuation of objects
Authors: Loewenstein George , Issacharoff Samuel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe ran two experiments to test whether people value objects more highly when they obtain those objects due to exemplary performance at a task. In the first, subjects who believed they had obtained a prize due to their performance on a classroom exercise valued it more highly than those who believed they had obtained it by chance. In the second, subjects who obtained a prize due to exemplary performance on a task valued it more highly than those who obtained it due to their poor performance. In both experiments, this ‘source dependence’ effect is approximately equal in strength to the endowment effect, which compares the valuation of subjects with and without the prize. We suggest a possible explanation for this source‐dependence effect based on associationism, and rule out two alternative explanations.
Termination of information evaluation in auditing
Authors: Asare Stephen K. , Robert Knechel W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA screening decision is about whether a candidate fails to meet a decision maker's criteria and must be rejected, or whether it meets the criteria and can be accepted. Image theory contends that screening decisions are based on a simple, noncompensatory process that focuses solely upon the candidate's negative attributes. This contention has received empirical support in a job screening context in which students role‐played a hypothetical person seeking a job. But how robust is image theory's prediction? The present work was done in the context of professional auditors screening prospective clients. The client screening context is a particularly interesting setting to test the implications of image theory. If auditors reject clients with negative attributes, as predicted by image theory, this will indicate that some clients are being denied access to a socially useful service. Further, auditors can accept prospective clients with negative attributes and simply adjust the audit plan and fees to compensate for the client's riskiness. Thus, it is not clear that the preliminary findings obtained in a job screening context will generalize to the audit context. On the other hand, results consistent with the image theory prediction would suggest a robust theory. Even in the client screening context, where auditors used their own criteria to screen prospective clients, we found overwhelming support for image theory's view of screening. The results indicate the potential payoffs of image theory as a robust framework to address audit and other substantive problems. Implications of a noncompensatory, negative oriented, client screening strategy are discussed.
Dominance violations in judged prices of two‐ and three‐outcome gambles
Authors: Mellers Barbara A. , Berretty Patricia M. , Birnbaum Michael H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe dominance principle states that one should prefer the option with consequences that are at least as good as those of other options for any state of the world. When applied to judged prices of gambles, the dominance principle requires that increasing one or more outcomes of a gamble should increase the judged price of the gamble, with everything else held constant. Previous research has uncovered systematic violations of the dominance principle: people assign higher prices to a gamble with a large probability of winning an amount, Y, otherwise zero, than they do to a superior gamble with the same chance of winning Y, otherwise winning a small amount, X! These violations can be explained by a configural‐weight theory in which two‐outcome gambles are represented with two sets of decision weights; one set for outcomes having values of zero and another set for lower‐valued outcomes that have nonzero values. The present paper investigates whether dominance violations are limited to two‐outcome gambles. Results show that people violate the dominance principle with three‐outcome gambles even with financial incentives. Furthermore, results could be predicted from the configural‐weight theory. The data do not support the view that configural weighting is caused by a shift in strategy that would apply only to two‐outcome gambles.
A modified cook sheath for closure of a large secundum atrial septal defect
Authors: Spies Christian , Boosfeld Christoph , Schräder Rainer 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTranscatheter closure of large secundum atrial septal defects with deficient rims is difficult. Several techniques have been described to improve delivery of the occluder in anatomically challenging cases. Among these is a recently described technique using a modified delivery sheath with the creation of a bevel. However, the initial case report was complicated by malfunction and longitudinal splitting of the sheath. We describe the successful use of a modified delivery sheath for closure of a large atrial septal defect with a deficient rim. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transition from bare metal to drug eluting stenting in contemporary US practice: Effect on incidence and predictors of clinically driven target lesion revascularization
Authors: Jonas Michael , Resnic Frederic S. , Levin Andrew D. , Arora Nipun , Rogers Campbell David 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground: The performance of drug eluting stents (DES) and impact on every day practice in the USA, where complex, nonselective cases are the rule, remain unknown. Methods: The Brigham and Women's Hospital interventional experience in the bare metal stents (BMS) (6/2002 to 2/2003) and after abrupt and near universal adoption of DES (4/2003 to 9/2004) were compared. Demographic, procedural and in‐hospital outcomes for all consecutive cases where investigated. Predictors and angiographic characteristics of patients returning for clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) in both eras were analyzed. Results: Of 2,555 DES cases (3,061 lesions, 87.9% Cypher, 12.1% Taxus), 47 underwent TLR during follow‐up (68 lesions, 2.2%). Of the 1,731 BMS cases (1,798 lesions), 162 underwent clinically indicated TLR (209 lesions, 11.6%), representing an 81% DES era TLR risk reduction. Multivariate predictors of TLR in the DES era: left main lesion (LM) (odds ratio (OR) 7.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.33–17.53, P < 0.01, treatment of restenosis (OR 5.96, CI 3.21–11.08, P < 0.01), and diabetes (OR 1.68, CI 0.92–3.04, P = 0.07). Predictors of restenosis in the BMS era included additional clinical, lesion, and stent characteristics, while LM lesion was absent. Angiographic patterns of stent restenosis differed in the DES (focal) and BMS (diffuse) era. Conclusions: The transition from BMS to DES in the setting of a large USA hospital practice is safe and associated with significant reduction in clinically driven TLR. Treatment of specific lesions types (repeat restenosis, distal LM) and diabetic patients remain suboptimal and warrant further investigation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term pericardial catheterization is associated with minimum foreign‐body response
Authors: Bartoli Carlo R. , Akiyama Ichiro , Godleski John J. , Verrier Richard L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectives: The goals of this study were to assess the feasibility and to characterize the foreign‐body response of a long‐term catheter in the pericardium. Background: Long‐term access to the normal pericardial space provides opportunities for diagnostic sampling and therapeutic intervention. Methods: After thoracotomy, in 7 anesthetized canines, the pericardium was opened and a 5 French silicone vascular access catheter was advanced 10 cm into the pericardial sac toward the apex of the heart. A hydraulic coronary balloon occluder was implanted (N = 6). Pericardium was sealed with Prolene suture. Catheters were tunneled to the nape of the neck, attached to a subcutaneous vascular access port, and buried in the fascia. Animals underwent multiple experimental coronary artery occlusions across months. At sacrifice, we assessed the histopathological response of pericardium and epicardium to chronically indwelling silicone catheters. Results: Post‐mortem examinations were performed at 213 days post‐operatively (mean, range = 96–413, N = 6), with one animal maintained for longer‐term study. At sacrifice, all catheters were bidirectionally patent and completely mobile in the pericardium without evidence of tissue overgrowth around the intrapericardial segment. Adhesion tissue was found only at the site of catheter entry through the pericardium. Microscopic histopathological examination at catheter entry site, surrounding pericardium, and myocardium revealed minimum chronic inflammation. Conclusions: This subcutaneous system provides dependable, chronic access to the normal pericardial space for drug delivery and sampling. The presence of a chronic silicone catheter in the pericardium does not precipitate clinically significant pathologic changes even after repeated ischemic events. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of reoccurring instent restenosis following reintervention after stent‐supported renal artery angioplasty
Authors: Zeller Thomas , Sixt Sebastian , Rastan Aljoscha , Schwarzwälder Uwe , Müller Christian , Frank Ulrich , Bürgelin Karlheinz , Schwarz Thomas , Hauswald Kirsten , Brantner Regina , Noory Elias , Neumann Franz‐Josef 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground: Reoccurrence of restenosis following angioplasty of renal instent restenosis is a considerable drawback of stent‐supported angioplasty of renal artery stenosis especially in small vessel diameters. We therefore prospectively studied the long‐term outcome of different techniques of endovascular treatment of reoccurrence of instent renal artery restenosis after primarily successful reangioplasty focusing on the impact of covered and drug eluting stents, respectively. Patients and Methods: The study included 31 consecutive patients (33 lesions) presenting with their at least second instent restenosis following renal artery stenting who were included in a prospective follow‐up program (mean follow‐up 36 ± 25 months, range 1–85). Primary endpoint of the study was the reoccurrence rate of instent stenosis after primarily successful treatment of instent restenosis determined by duplex ultrasound. Results: Primary success rate was 100%, no major complication occurred. Seven lesions were treated with balloon angioplasty (21%, group 1), 7 lesions with stent‐in‐stent placement (21%, group 2), 6 lesions with placement of a covered stent (18%, group 3), 3 lesions with a cutting balloon (9%, group 4), and 10 lesions with placement of a drug eluting stent (31%, group 5). During follow‐up, overall 12 lesions (36%) developed reoccurrence of instent restenosis: n = 5 in group 1 (reoccurrence rate 71%), n = 3 in group 2 (43%), n = 1 in group3 (17%), 3 in group 4 (100%), and n = 0 in group 5 (0%). Treatment with a cutting balloon was the only significant predictor of restenosis (hazard ratio 32.3 (95% CI, 3.3–315.0); P < 0.001). Conclusion: Treatment of at least second renal artery instent restenosis is feasible and safe. Balloon angioplasty and the implantation of a bare metal stent, a covered stent, or a drug eluting stent seemed to offer favorable long‐term patency, whereas cutting balloon angioplasty resulted in a very high rate of restenoses and should therefore be discouraged for this indication. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carotid artery stenting with emboli protection surveillance study: Thirty‐day results of the CASES‐PMS study
Authors: Katzen Barry T. , Criado Frank J. , Ramee Stephen R. , Massop Douglas W. , Hopkins L. Nick , Donohoe Dennis , Cohen Sidney A. , Mauri Laura 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective: This study examined whether physicians with varying carotid stent experience would obtain safety and efficacy outcomes as good as those from the pivotal SAPPHIRE trial following participation in a comprehensive carotid stent training program. Background: This study was performed as a condition of approval study for the PRECISE® Nitinol Stent and the ANGIOGUARD™ XP Emboli Capture Guidewire. Methods: Patients at high surgical risk who were either symptomatic with ≥50% stenosis or asymptomatic with ≥80% stenosis of the common or internal carotid artery received carotid artery stenting with distal emboli protection using the PRECISE Nitinol Stent and the ANGIOGUARD XP Emboli Capture Guidewire. Physicians were qualified based on either prior experience in carotid stenting with the ANGIOGUARD XP Emboli Capture Guidewire or following participation in a formal training program. The primary endpoint of major adverse events (MAE) at 30 days (death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke) was tested for noninferiority compared with an objective performance criterion (OPC) of 6.3% established from the stent cohort of the SAPPHIRE trial. Results: The 30‐day MAE rate was 5.0%, meeting the criteria for noninferiority to the prespecified OPC (95% CI [3.9%, 6.2%] P < 0.001). Asymptomatic patients (N = 1,158, 78.2%) had similar outcomes to the overall results (MAE 4.7%). Outcomes were similar across levels of physician experience, carotid stent volume, geographic location, presence/absence of training program. Conclusions: Utilizing a comprehensive training program, carotid artery stenting by operators with differing experience in a variety of practice settings yielded safety and efficacy outcomes similar to those reported in the SAPPHIRE trial. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: A Theoretical Study of Silyl Anions and Radicals. Change of Mechanism from Vertex Inversion of Edge Inversion with Increasing Substitution by Halogens
Authors: HOPKINSON A. C. , RODRIQUEZ C. F. , LIEN M. H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Tc Superconductor Materials
Authors: SEVERAL AUTHORS SEVERAL AUTHORS 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of the Hydrous Silicon‐Titanium(IV) Oxide Ion Exchanger. Part 2. Affinity for Various Cations and Thermal Stability.
Authors: YAMAZAKI H. , KANNO Y. , INOUE Y. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.