bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF KOSHERING AND HYDRODYNAMIC PRESSURE ON BEEF COLOR, ODOR, AND MICROBIAL LOADS1
Authors: HOLZER Z. , BERRY B.W. , CAMPBELL A.M. , SPANIER A.M. , SOLOMON M.B. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTVacuum packaged koshered (salted) meat typically undergoes a rapid color change (turning brown) with the formation of objectionable odor during refrigeration. Alterations in muscle structure have been suggested to affect the oxidative activity of salt. The hydrodynamic pressure (HDP) has been shown to physically disrupt portions of myofibrils without distorting the physical shape of the piece of meat, which may alter the effect of the kosher processing on fresh meat properties. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of the koshering process and hydrodynamic pressure (HDP), either alone or in combination, on pH, microbial growth, color and odor properties of beef. Treatments were: (1) control (C); (2) koshering process (salted = S); (3) hydrodynamic pressure treated (H); (4) the combination of koshering followed by HDP treatment (SH). The H treatment was more effective in inhibiting the normal microflora than either the S or the combination of S with H. After 14 days of storage, S samples had greater than 80% surface discoloration (brown color) compared to less than 40% discoloration on the surface for the C, H and SH samples. The H treatment reduced the surface discoloration of koshered (salted) meat samples to a level similar to that of the control. It appears that hydrodynamic pressure treatment may diminish the undesirable pro‐oxidant effects (discoloration) of koshering (salting) beef.
IN‐HOME CONSUMER EVALUATIONS OF FOUR LAMB RETAIL CUTS
Authors: MADDOCK T.D. , MCKENNA D.R. , SAVELL J.W. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTAn in‐home lamb study evaluated ratings from lamb consumers as influenced by cut (blade chop, rib chop, loin chop or leg chop), preparation method (indoor/outdoor grill, broil/oven roasted, pan‐broil/pan‐fry or other), and degree of doneness (medium rare or less, medium, medium well or more). Consumers in Dallas and Houston, Texas (n = 60 households) evaluated each cut for Overall‐like (OLIKE), Tenderness (TEND), Juiciness (JUIC), Flavor Intensity (IFLAV), and Flavor Desirability (DFLAV) using 10‐point scales (10 = extreme like, extremely tender, extremely juicy, extremely intense, and extremely desirable; 1 = extreme dislike, extremely tough, extremely dry, extremely bland, and extremely undesirable). No two‐way or three‐way interactions were observed between cut, preparation method and degree of doneness. Type of cut influenced (P < 0.05) palatability as consumers gave rib and loin chops higher ratings than chops from the blade or leg for OLIKE, TEND, JUIC, and DFLAV. Preparation method tended (P = 0.0565) to influence IFLAV with pan‐broiled/pan‐fried chops receiving higher ratings than grilled chops or chops cooked using “other” methods. Degree of doneness affected (P < 0.05) JUIC and tended (P = 0.0639) to affect TEND with chops that were cooked to lower degrees of doneness rated higher. Correlation data showed that OLIKE was highly correlated with TEND (r = 0.82), DFLAV (r = 0.82), and JUIC (r = 0.76), but did not have a strong relationship with IFLAV (r = 0.25). This information provides some insight into factors driving consumer evaluations of lamb.
QUALITY OF NUGGETS PREPARED FROM FRESH AND SMOKED SPENT LAYER CHICKEN MEAT
Authors: MODI V.K. , MAHENDRAKAR N.S. , SACHINDRA N.M. , RAO D. NARASIMHA 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Nuggets were prepared from fresh and smoked meats of spent layer chicken of age approximately 18 months, packed in polyethylene bags and stored at ‐18 ± 2C for 6 months. Thawed nuggets were fried on hot pan coated with refined sunflower oil and product quality was evaluated. Nuggets from smoked chicken had lower (P ±0.05) moisture and higher fat contents and lower weight loss on frying compared to fresh meat nuggets. Free fatty acid (FFA expressed as percent of oleic acid) increased from 3.6 to 3.9 and 3.2 to 3.7, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values (mg malonaldehyde/kg sample) increased from 0.90 to 1.19 and 0.63 to 0.71 for fresh and smoked meat nuggets, respectively, during frozen storage for 6 months. Shrinkage in product diameter on frying ranged from 4.6 to 5.0%. Warner‐Bratzler shear values ranged from 0.89 to 1.28 lbs for all products stored frozen up to 6 months. Sensory quality scores for smoked meat nuggets were significantly (P ±0.05) higher, except for juiciness (P ≥0.05), than for fresh meat nuggets. Smoked chicken meat produced better nugget products compared to fresh meat as indicated by lower FFA and TBA values and better sensory quality attributes. Products packed in polyethylene bags can be stored at ‐18 ≥ 2C for up to 6 months without marked deterioration in product quality.
BIOMEMS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY‐BASED APPROACHES FOR RAPID DETECTION OF BIOLOGICAL ENTITIES
Authors: BHATTACHARYA SHANTANU , JANG JAESUNG , YANG LIJU , AKIN DEMIR , BASHIR RASHID 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT In recent years, the areas of Bio‐Microelectromechanical Systems (BioMEMS) and nanotechnology have gained a high level of prominence and have become almost inseparable with biological applications including detection, diagnostics, therapeutics and tissue engineering. This article reviews some of the current state‐of‐the‐art interdisciplinary research from these fields, especially focusing on rapid detection of pathogens and microorganisms, a critical area of importance to food safety, clinical diagnostics and related applications.
EVALUATION OF THE CHARACTER IMPACT ODORANTS IN SKIM MILK POWDER BY SENSORY STUDIES ON MODEL MIXTURES
Authors: KARAGÜL‐YÜCEER Y. , DRAKE M.A. , CADWALLADER K.R. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to verify key aroma‐active compounds responsible for reconstituted fresh skim milk powder (SMP) aroma using threshold analysis, odor activity values, and model systems. Twelve odor‐active compounds of SMP and one odor‐active compound from fluid milk were selected based on flavor dilution factors from gas chromatography‐olfactometry. Thresholds for the 13 odor‐active compounds were identified using five‐set ascending forced choice threshold analysis in odor‐free water and fluid skim milk. Model systems were prepared using rehydrated milk retentate (RMR). The aroma of each model was evaluated by descriptive sensory analysis and by difference‐from‐control testing using a trained panel. The aroma of reconstituted fresh SMP and liquid skim milk were used as controls. Models containing a mixture of twelve of the thirteen chemicals had the most similar odor characteristics to rehydrated SMP aroma (9.0/10) indicating that these compounds constitute the character impact odorants of rehydrated fresh SMP.
SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS POTENTIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH BEANY AROMA IN FOODS1
Authors: VARA‐UBOL SUNTAREE , CHAMBERS EDGAR , CHAMBERS DELORES H. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe sensory characteristic “beany” is a limiting factor in introducing soy products to many consumers in western cultures. This research described sensory properties of beany flavor and described sensory odor characteristics of 19 chemicals that have been associated with beany aroma and flavor in previous literature. Seven concentrations varying from 1 to 100,000 ppm of each chemical (if soluble in propylene glycol) were examined by a five member trained descriptive panel. The panel described beany as having multiple attributes. Musty/earthy, musty/dusty, sour aromatics, and characterizing attributes such as green/pea pod, nutty, or brown collectively imparted beany aroma and flavor of most beans. Starchy flavor and powdery texture also were intrinsically associated with beany in bean product samples. Some chemicals tested were not beany at any level tested. Three alcohols, two ketones, one aldehyde, and one pyrazine exhibited beany characteristics (green/peapod or brown) only at low concentrations, generally 1‐10 ppm.
A COMPARISON OF CATEGORY AND LINE SCALES UNDER VARIOUS EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOLS
Authors: JEON SEON‐YOUNG , O'MAHONY MICHAEL , KIM KWANG‐OK 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTJudges were required to rate the total intensity of NaCl solutions and the sweetness of orange flavored beverages using a variety of unstructured category and line scales. Discrimination errors were noted for each type of scale. No strong differences were observed in discrimination between category and line scales although a 20‐point category scale incurred fewer discrimination errors than 9‐point category and line scales. Allowing judges to retaste stimuli and review and modify their scores reduced discrimination errors.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORAL AND NONORAL EVALUATION OF TEXTURE IN ACID MILK GELS
Authors: PEREIRA R.B. , SINGH H. , JONES V.S. , MUNRO P.A. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study were to compare oral and nonoral sensory evaluation for discrimination of texture of acid skim milk gels and to establish whether nonoral attributes could be correlated to the oral perception of texture. Trained panelists (n = 13) identified 11 nonoral (visual and in‐hand) and 4 oral attributes during a preliminary profiling session that could be used to discriminate textures (P < 0.001) in a range of acid gels prepared with different solid contents and heat treatment of the milks. Both methods of sensory appraisal were found to discriminate between gels. Correlation analysis showed high interrelationship between individual oral and nonoral attributes (P < 0.01). Principal component analysis revealed that all 4 oral attributes could be combined into one single attribute (PC1), with equal relative importance of the individual attributes in explaining the variance in the oral sensory data set. Canonical correlation analysis revealed good correlation between the oral and nonoral set of attributes (R2 > 87.5%).
Comparison of sampling sites and detection methods forHaemophilus parasuis
Authors: Turni C , Blackall PJ 
Published: April 2007

Objective To improve the isolation rate and identification procedures forHaemophilus parasuisfrom pig tissues.Design Thirteen sampling sites and up to three methods were used to confirm the presence ofH.parasuisin pigs after experimental challenge.Procedure Colostrum‐deprived, naturally farrowed pigs were challenged intratracheally withH parasuisserovar 12 or 4. Samples taken during necropsy were either inoculated onto culture plates, processed directly for PCR or enriched prior to being processed for PCR. The recovery ofH parasuisfrom different sampling sites and using different sampling methods was compared for each serovar.Results H parasuiswas recovered from several sample sites for all serovar 12 challenged pigs, while the trachea was the only positive site for all pigs following serovar 4 challenge. The method of solid medium culture of swabs, and confirmation of the identity of cultured bacteria by PCR, resulted in 38% and 14% more positive results on a site basis for serovars 12 and 4, retrospectively, than direct PCR on the swabs. This difference was significant in the serovar 12 challenge.Conclusion Conventional culture proved to be more effective in detectingH parasuisthan direct PCR or PCR on enrichment broths. For subacute (serovar 4) infections, the most successful sites for culture or direct PCR were pleural fluid, peritoneal fibrin and fluid, lung and pericardial fluid. For acute (serovar 12) infections, the best sites were lung, heart blood, affected joints and brain. The methodologies and key sampling sites identified in this study will enable improved isolation ofH parasuisand aid the diagnosis of Glässer's disease.
Prognostic value of platelet indices as determined by ADVIA 120 in patients suspected of having disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: KIM H. K. , KIM J.‐E. , HAM C. K. , LEE D. S. , PARK S. , CHO H.‐I. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryRecent technological advances have made it possible to record a variety of platelet indices using automated hematology analyzers. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is associated with the dramatic hemostasis activation, with evidence of fibrin formation and platelet consumption. We investigated the prognostic significance of platelet indices as measured by ADVIA in 222 patients suspected of having DIC. The presence of overt DIC was defined using the scoring system of the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Subcommittee. Twenty‐eight day hospital mortality was used as a clinical prognosis parameter. Median platelet count and platelet‐crit (PCT) levels markedly decreased in nonsurvivors, whereas mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet component distribution width (PCDW) and platelet dry mass distribution width (PMDW) were significantly increased in nonsurvivors. In terms of ROC analysis, which was conducted to predict 28‐day mortality, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were; 0.73 platelet count, 0.72 for PCT, 0.69 for PCDW, 0.65 for PMDW and 0.61 for MPV. The odds ratio of a reduced platelet count for the relative risk of 28‐day mortality was 5.249 (95% CI: 2.399–11.486), and the odds ratio for PCDW was 3.240 and for PMDW 3.262. Among these indices, platelet count, PCDW and PMDW were found to be more predictive of 28‐day hospital mortality. Our results suggest that these indices may provide prognostic information on hospital mortality in the patients suspected of having DIC.
A strategy of splitting individual high volume cord blood units into two half subunits prior to processing increases the recovery of cells and facilitates ex vivo expansion of the infused haematopoietic progenitor cells in adults
Authors: PAPASSAVAS A. C. , GIOKA V. , CHATZISTAMATIOU T. , KOKKINOS T. , ANAGNOSTAKIS I. , GECKA G. , REDOUKAS I. , PATERAKIS G. , STAVROPOULOS‐GIOKAS C. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryThis study was designed to maximize the recovery of the desirable cell populations contained in the cord blood (CB) freezing bag, in order to optimize donor selection for adolescents and adults. To evaluate this hypothesis, high volume CB units (CBUs) were categorized into three volume collection groups (120–139, 140–159 and ≥160 ml) and were randomly split before volume reduction into two half low volume CBUs; (a) and (b). Using the SEPAX Cell Processing System, all CBUs were standardized to 26 ml. In 128 high volume split CBUs, the WBC, mononuclear cell and CD34+ cell recoveries were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05; 80%, 79.89% and 87.41% respectively) than those of the 106 high volume nonsplit CBUs (59.7%, 62.82% and 68.62% respectively), resulting in significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) mean weights of the potential recipients. The strategy of splitting high volume CBUs into two half low volume CBUs improves the recovery of the cells and is an attractive option for ex vivo expansion, in order to facilitate the CB transplantation in adults who are not eligible for single CB transplantation because of limitations of cell dose.
PCR-Based Strategy To Detect and Identify Species of
Phaeoacremonium
Causing Grapevine Diseases
Authors: Aroca Angeles , Raposo Rosa 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT

Species of
Phaeoacremonium
(especially
Phaeoacremonium aleophilum
) are associated with two severe diseases in grapevines, Petri disease in young plants and Esca disease in adult plants.
Phaeoacremonium
species grow slowly on culture medium, and it is difficult to identify these species on the basis of morphological characteristics. Primers Pm1 and Pm2 were designed in the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions ITS1 and ITS2, respectively. They yielded a single amplicon of 415 bp for nine species of
Phaeoacremonium
that may occur in grapevines. A nested PCR (using general fungal primers ITS1F/ITS4 in the primary reaction) was developed to detect
Phaeoacremonium
directly in grapevine wood. Molecular detection was more sensitive than the traditional method of culturing in growth medium was. Identification of
Phaeoacremonium
species was achieved by digesting the PCR-amplified fragment with the restriction enzymes BssKI, EcoO109I, and HhaI. It was possible to distinguish these species by their restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns, except for
Phaeoacremonium viticola
and
Phaeoacremonium angustius
, which had 100% similarity in their ITS region sequences. A species-specific PCR amplification of the partial β-tubulin gene using the primer pair Pbr4_1/T1 and Pbr8/T1 was necessary to differentiate
P. angustius
from
P. viticola
, respectively. An easy and fast protocol was developed to detect and identify species of
Phaeoacremonium
in a few hours. Primers defined here can be used in a plant nursery sanitation program to produce plants free of
Phaeoacremonium
spp. Use of healthy grapevine plants in new plantations is the most effective measure to manage Petri disease.
Fruit-Specific Expression of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat Gene in Tomato Plants and Its Immunogenic Potential in Mice
Authors: Ramírez Yuri Jorge Peña , Tasciotti Ennio , Gutierrez-Ortega Abel , Torres Alberto J. Donayre , Flores María Teresa Olivera , Giacca Mauro , Lim Miguel Ángel Gómez 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein is considered a potential candidate vaccine antigen. In an effort to design a strategy for noninvasive vaccination against HIV-1, we developed transgenic tomatoes expressing the Tat protein. Two independent plants testing positive in transgene detection analysis were selected and grown to maturity. Monoclonal antibodies against Tat recognized a protein of the expected size. Interestingly, expression of Tat seemed to be toxic to the plant, as in all cases the fruit exhibited underdeveloped reproductive structures and no seeds. Nine groups of 10 pathogen-free BALB/c male mice were primed either orally, intraperitoneally, or intramuscularly with 10 mg of tomato fruit extract derived from transgenic or wild-type plants and with 10 μg of Tat86 recombinant protein. Mice were immunized at days 0, 14, and 28, and given boosters after 15 weeks; sera were drawn 7 days after each booster, and the antibody titer was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All three immunization approaches induced the development of a strong anti-Tat immunological response, which increased over time. Isotype subclass determination showed the presence of mucosal (immunoglobulin A) immunity soon after the beginning of the oral immunization protocol, and the data were confirmed by the presence of anti-Tat antibodies in fecal pellets and in vaginal washes. We also demonstrated that sera from immunized mice inhibited with high efficiency recombinant Tat-dependent transactivation of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter. This neutralization activity might be relevant for the suppression of extracellular Tat activities, which play an important role in HIV disease development.
Evaluation of the LIAISON Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for Diagnosis of Syphilis
Authors: Knight Carrie S. , Crum Mary A. , Hardy Robert W. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT

We report the results of an evaluation of the LIAISON
Treponema pallidum
-specific assay, a one-step sandwich chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), as a screening test and as a confirmatory test for the diagnosis of syphilis. The assay was compared with the CAPTIA Syphilis-G enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and with a testing algorithm that also included the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and
T. pallidum
particle agglutination (PA) assays. As a screening test, the CLIA showed levels of agreement with the EIA and with the algorithm, respectively, of 94.1 and 100% for 51 samples from patients with primary or secondary syphilis, 93.2 and 98.7% for 999 samples sent to the laboratory for routine syphilis testing, 84.5 and 94.0% for 200 samples from human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients, 98.0 and 100% for 200 samples from pregnant patients, and 94.3 and 98.3% for 992 samples from apparently healthy adults. As a confirmatory test, the CLIA showed 99% agreement with the EIA for 204 RPR-positive samples. After resolution with further
T. pallidum
PA testing and the discarding of one sample of insufficient quantity, there was 100% agreement for the remaining 203 samples. For the total group of 2,645 samples, the overall relative sensitivity was 95.8% and the relative specificity was 99.1%. We conclude that the LIAISON CLIA demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity when evaluated as a confirmatory test and as a screening test for syphilis among various patient populations, including specific populations with reportedly increased rates of false-positive nontreponemal test results.
Milk and Serum J5-Specific Antibody Responses, Milk Production Change, and Clinical Effects following Intramammary
Escherichia coli
Challenge for J5 Vaccinate and Control Cows
Authors: Wilson David J. , Mallard Bonnie A. , Burton Jeanne L. , Schukken Ynte H. , Gröhn Yrjo T. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT

Holstein dairy cows (four J5 vaccinates and four controls) selected for no recorded intramammary disease and low somatic cell count (SCC) during the previous lactation were challenged by intramammary infusion of
Escherichia coli
. Vaccination with J5 was at 8 weeks and again 4 weeks before the anticipated calving date. Cows were challenged at 8 to 16 days in milk (DIM). Shedding of
E. coli
in milk was significantly higher among controls than vaccinates (no shedding) from 6 h to 21 h postchallenge. From 21 h to 132 h postchallenge, SCC in challenged quarters of controls (5,429,000/ml) was significantly higher than that of vaccinates (490,000/ml). On the day after challenge, milk production in control cows was 8 kg less, while vaccinates gained 0.5 kg, a significant difference. In serum immediately prior to challenge, J5-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) was significantly higher, IgG2 was nearly significantly higher, and IgM was the same in J5 vaccinates relative to controls. Vaccinates had proportionally more IgG2 in serum postcalving and in the first 12 h following challenge and less IgG2 in milk 24 h after challenge than the controls, approaching statistical significance. The ratio of J5-specific IgG1 and IgG2 combined compared to IgM was significantly higher in vaccinates than in controls in prechallenge serum (ratios of 15.8 and 3.2, respectively) and milk (5.0 and 1.3, respectively). Cows with higher IgM titers in milk 12 h postchallenge produced significantly less milk. Vaccination with J5 was significantly associated with higher production of J5-specific IgG1 and IgG2 in early lactation, reduced SCC, faster clearance of
E. coli
from milk, and less milk production loss following intramammary challenge.