bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mixed‐valent Heterometallic [Mn4Co4] Complex from Reductive Rearrangement of a [Mn4] Single‐Molecule Magnet
Authors: Vallina Ana Tesouro , Lecren Lollita , Li Yang‐Guang , Roubeau Olivier , Clérac Rodolphe 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of the mixed‐metal aggregate [Mn4Co4(hmp)6(pic)9(H2O)2(OH)](ClO4)3·xH2O·yCH3CN (3·xH2O·yCH3CN) are reported. This complex was prepared by the reaction of a [Mn4] single‐molecule magnet and a cobalt monomeric complex, [Co(pic)2(H2O)2]·2H2O (1). Complex 3 crystallizes in the triclinic ${\rm P}{\bar 1}$ space group and consists of a cationic [MnII4CoIII3CoII] octaheteronuclear complex that possesses a symmetric equilateral triangle‐based pyramid core with a cobalt main base and a manganese minor base.
Role of Fibrin Glue as a Sealant to Esophageal Anastomosis in Cases of Congenital Esophageal Atresia with Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Authors: Upadhyaya Vijai D. , Gopal Saroj C. , Gangopadhyaya Ajay N. , Gupta Dinesh K. , Sharma Shiv , Upadyaya Ashsish , Kumar Vijayendra , Pandey Anand 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to characterize a successful approach for the management of infants with long‐gap esophageal atresia (EA) with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). The goal was to preserve the native esophagus and minimize the incidence of esophageal anastomotic leaks using fibrin glue as a sealant over the esophageal anastomosis.MethodA total of 52 patients were evaluated in this study. Only patients in whom, gap between the two ends of the esophagus was ≥ 2 cm were selected during January 2005 to January 2007. Patients were divided in two groups on the basis of block randomization. Group A comprised the patients in whom fibrin sealant was used as reinforcement on a primary end‐to‐end esophageal anastomosis; in group B, fibrin glue was not used. The two groups were compared in terms of esophageal anastomotic leak (EL), postoperative esophageal stricture (ES), and mortality. The statistical analysis was done using Fisher’s exact test and the chi‐squared test.ResultThe number of anastomotic leaks in group A (glue group) was about one‐fifth that in group B (no glue group). The incidence of ES was almost twice as high in group B as in group A. The mortality rate was almost threefold higher in group B (no‐glue group). The higher incidence of EL and ES in group B compared to group A was statistically significant.ConclusionThus, fibrin glue when used as an adjunct to esophageal anastomosis for primary repair of long‐gap EA with TEF appears safe in the clinical setting and may lower the chances of esophageal leak and anastomosis‐site strictures. Hence, it can diminish the mortality and morbidity of these patients.
Tocopherol Content and Fatty Acid Distribution of Peas (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Yoshida Hiromi , Tomiyama Yuka , Saiki Masayuki , Mizushina Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe positional distribution of fatty acids (FA) of triacylglycerols (TAG) and major phospholipids (PL) prepared from four cultivars of peas (Pisum sativum L.) were investigated as well as their tocopherol contents. The lipids extracted from these peas were separated by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) into seven fractions. The major lipid components were PL (52.2–61.3%) and TAG (31.2–40.3%), while the other components were also present in minor proportions (5.6–9.2%). γ‐Tocopherol was present in the highest concentration, and α‐ and δ‐tocopherols were very small amounts. The main PL components isolated from the four cultivars were phosphatidylcholine (42.3–49.2%), followed by phosphatidylinositol (23.3–25.2%) and then phosphatidylethanolamine (17.7–20.5%). Small but significant differences (P < 0.05) in FA distribution existed when different pea cultivars were determined. However, the principal characteristics of the FA distribution in the TAG and the three PL were evident among the four cultivars; unsaturated FA were predominantly located in the sn‐2 position, and saturated FA primary occupied the sn‐1 or sn‐3 position in the oils of the peas. These results suggest that the regional distribution of tocopherols and fatty acids in peas is not dependent on the climatic conditions and the soil characteristics of the cultivation areas during the growing season.
Effects of kaolin particle film on Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) behaviour and performance
Authors: Barker J.E. , Holaschke M. , Fulton A. , Evans K.A. , Powell G. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe emergence of resistance mechanisms to, and revocation of, many insecticides used in the control of the polyphagus aphid pest, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), has increased the pressure to develop novel approaches for the control of the pest in many crops. Kaolin-based particle films provide a physical barrier against insect pests and show considerable potential for controlling M. persicae. We conducted a series of laboratory experiments to investigate the mode of action of kaolin against aphids. The material appeared to have no direct effect on M. persicae; spraying adult aphids with aqueous kaolin suspension had no significant impact on their subsequent survival or reproduction on untreated plants. Similarly, when aphids were placed on kaolin-treated host-plants (Brassica oleracea), their performance (survival, growth rate and reproduction) was not significantly different from aphids on untreated plants. However, when M. persicae were given a choice between kaolin-treated and untreated (or water solvent-treated) leaf areas, both adults and nymphs exhibited a significant preference for non-kaolin-treated host-plant material. Rejection of kaolin-treated plant material occurred very rapidly (within 20 min) and this behavioural effect may be related to the efficacy of kaolin in controlling aphids under field conditions.
“There is tragedy on both sides of the layoffs:” Privatization and the Urban Crisis in Baltimore
Authors: Berger Jane 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBy the 1960s, the urban crisis in the United States was well underway. Structural trans-formations in the postwar economy and accelerating deindustrialization contributed to high rates of unemployment in many cities in the nation's old industrial core. During the 1970s and 1980s, the urban crisis worsened. This article argues that the macroeconomic policies of Presidents Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter, and Ronald Reagan fueled urban decline. Responding to the waning hegemony of the United States in the global economy as well as to a domestic corporate crisis of profitability, the presidents pursued macroeconomic agendas that prioritized the revitalization of American economic dominance. Macroeconomic policy decisions in combination with white-backlash pressures constrained the range of urban policies the presidents could pursue and often compelled privatization. The federal-level decisionmaking had devastating consequences in Baltimore, Maryland, the city discussed in this article. The macroeconomic and urban policies had racialized and gendered outcomes that plunged the city into the most acute phase of the urban crisis.
A Class Approach to Municipal Privatization: The Privatization of New York City's Central Park
Authors: Cooke Oliver 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe privatization of New York City's Central Park in 1998 was among the most high-profile municipal privatizations in the US during the 1990s. Since then, the park's privatization has been cited as an exemplary model of privatization. This essay develops a unique class approach to municipal privatization and uses it to reconceptualize Central Park's privatization. In doing so, it argues that the park's privatization involves an important contradiction—one that regards its ostensible status as one of the nation's most famous and treasuredpublicgoods against its production as acapitalist commodity. This class approach to the park's privatization yields four insights. First, it underscores the limitations of the hegemonic cost-efficiency calculus that has long informed the municipal privatization discourse. Second, it raises important questions regarding the troublesome relationship between democratic principles and capitalist production relations. Third, it offers an alternative to a wage-led approach to privatization. Finally, and paradoxically, it provides a framework for theorizing “progressive” privatizations.
Formation for Bass-Relief Microprofiles Based on an Analytic
Formulation
Authors: Shi Li-Fang  , Dong Xiao-Chun  , Deng Qi-Ling  , Luo Xian-Gang  , Du Chun-Lei  
Published: September 2007

A method of fast design and fabrication for bass-relief micro-profiles
is developed by using an analytic formulation to determine the exposure
distribution. Based on an equivalent exposure threshold model, the
formulation is simplified for the case of bass-relief profile
corresponding to the smaller exposure dose. The mask function for a
microlens array is designed without iteration involved by the analytic
formulation. The experiment is performed to validate the method, and
the fabrication result is obtained with the profile error less than
30 nm (rms).
Herbal Medicine Today: Clinical and Research Issues
Authors: Firenzuoli Fabio , Gori Luigi 
Published: October 2007

Herbal medicine is the use of medicinal plants for prevention and treatment of diseases: it ranges from traditional and popular medicines of every country to the use of standardized and tritated herbal extracts. Generally cultural rootedness enduring and widespread use in a Traditional Medical System may indicate safety, but not efficacy of treatments, especially in herbal medicine where tradition is almost completely based on remedies containing active principles at very low and ultra low concentrations, or relying on magical‐energetic principles.In the age of globalization and of the so‐called ‘plate world’, assessing the ‘transferability’ of treatments between different cultures is not a relevant goal for clinical research, while are the assessment of efficacy and safety that should be based on the regular patterns of mainstream clinical medicine.The other black box of herbal‐based treatments is the lack of definite and complete information about the composition of extracts. Herbal derived remedies need a powerful and deep assessment of their pharmacological qualities and safety that actually can be realized by new biologic technologies like pharmacogenomic, metabolomic and microarray methology. Because of the large and growing use of natural derived substances in all over the world, it is not wise to rely also on the tradition or supposed millenarian beliefs; explanatory and pragmatic studies are useful and should be considered complementary in the acquisition of reliable data both for health caregiver and patients.
Loss of Stability: A New Look at the Physics of Cell Wall Behavior during Plant Cell Growth
Authors: Wei Chunfang , Lintilhac Philip M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this article we investigate aspects of turgor-driven plant cell growth within the framework of a model derived from the Eulerian concept of instability. In particular we explore the relationship between cell geometry and cell turgor pressure by extending loss of stability theory to encompass cylindrical cells. Beginning with an analysis of the three-dimensional stress and strain of a cylindrical pressure vessel, we demonstrate that loss of stability is the inevitable result of gradually increasing internal pressure in a cylindrical cell. The turgor pressure predictions based on this model differ from the more traditional viscoelastic or creep-based models in that they incorporate both cell geometry and wall mechanical properties in a single term. To confirm our predicted working turgor pressures, we obtained wall dimensions, elastic moduli, and turgor pressures of sequential internodal cells of intact Chara corallina plants by direct measurement. The results show that turgor pressure predictions based on loss of stability theory fall within the expected physiological range of turgor pressures for this plant. We also studied the effect of varying wall Poisson's ratio ν on extension growth in living cells, showing that while increasing elastic modulus has an understandably negative effect on wall expansion, increasing Poisson's ratio would be expected to accelerate wall expansion.
Genetic Characterization of Mutants Resistant to the Antiauxinp-Chlorophenoxyisobutyric Acid Reveals ThatAAR3, a Gene Encoding a DCN1-Like Protein, Regulates Responses to the Synthetic Auxin 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Arabidopsis Roots
Authors: Biswas Kamal Kanti , Ooura Chiharu , Higuchi Kanako , Miyazaki Yuji , Van Nguyen Vinh , Rahman Abidur , Uchimiya Hirofumi , Kiyosue Tomohiro , Koshiba Tomokazu , Tanaka Atsushi , Narumi Issay , Oono Yutaka 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTo isolate novel auxin-responsive mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we screened mutants for root growth resistance to a putative antiauxin, p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB), which inhibits auxin action by interfering the upstream auxin-signaling events. Eleven PCIB-resistant mutants were obtained. Genetic mapping indicates that the mutations are located in at least five independent loci, including two known auxin-related loci, TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1 and Arabidopsis CULLIN1. antiauxin-resistant mutants (aars) aar3-1, aar4, and aar5 were also resistant to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as shown by a root growth assay. Positional cloning of aar3-1 revealed that the AAR3 gene encodes a protein with a domain of unknown function (DUF298), which has not previously been implicated in auxin signaling. The protein has a putative nuclear localization signal and shares homology with the DEFECTIVE IN CULLIN NEDDYLATION-1 protein through the DUF298 domain. The results also indicate that PCIB can facilitate the identification of factors involved in auxin or auxin-related signaling.
The Cytochrome P450 Enzyme CYP96A15 Is the Midchain Alkane Hydroxylase Responsible for Formation of Secondary Alcohols and Ketones in Stem Cuticular Wax of Arabidopsis
Authors: Greer Stephen , Wen Miao , Bird David , Wu Xuemin , Samuels Lacey , Kunst Ljerka , Jetter Reinhard 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMost aerial surfaces of plants are covered by cuticular wax that is synthesized in epidermal cells. The wax mixture on the inflorescence stems of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is dominated by alkanes, secondary alcohols, and ketones, all thought to be formed sequentially in the decarbonylation pathway of wax biosynthesis. Here, we used a reverse-genetic approach to identify a cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP96A15) involved in wax biosynthesis and characterized it as a midchain alkane hydroxylase (MAH1). Stem wax of T-DNA insertional mutant alleles was found to be devoid of secondary alcohols and ketones (mah1-1) or to contain much lower levels of these components (mah1-2 and mah1-3) than wild type. All mutant lines also had increased alkane amounts, partially or fully compensating for the loss of other compound classes. In spite of the chemical variation between mutant and wild-type waxes, there were no discernible differences in the epicuticular wax crystals on the stem surfaces. Mutant stem wax phenotypes could be partially rescued by expression of wild-type MAH1 under the control of the native promoter as well as the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S-driven overexpression of MAH1 led to ectopic accumulation of secondary alcohols and ketones in Arabidopsis leaf wax, where only traces of these compounds are found in the wild type. The newly formed leaf alcohols and ketones had midchain functional groups on or next to the central carbon, thus matching those compounds in wild-type stem wax. Taken together, mutant analyses and ectopic expression of MAH1 in leaves suggest that this enzyme can catalyze the hydroxylation reaction leading from alkanes to secondary alcohols and possibly also a second hydroxylation leading to the corresponding ketones. MAH1 expression was largely restricted to the expanding regions of the inflorescence stems, specifically to the epidermal pavement cells, but not in trichomes and guard cells. MAH1-green fluorescent protein fusion proteins localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, providing evidence that both intermediate and final products of the decarbonylation pathway are generated in this subcellular compartment and must subsequently be delivered to the plasma membrane for export toward the cuticle.
Lateral CO2 Diffusion inside Dicotyledonous Leaves Can Be Substantial: Quantification in Different Light Intensities
Authors: Morison James I.L. , Lawson Tracy , Cornic Gabriel 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Substantial lateral CO2 diffusion rates into leaf areas where stomata were blocked by grease patches were quantified by gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging in different species across the full range of photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD). The lateral CO2 flux rate over short distances was substantial and very similar in five dicotyledonous species with different vascular anatomies (two species with bundle sheath extensions, sunflower [Helianthus annuus] and dwarf bean [Phaseolus vulgaris]; and three species without bundle sheath extensions, faba bean [Vicia faba], petunia [Petunia hybrida], and tobacco [Nicotiana tabacum]). Only in the monocot maize (Zea mays) was there little or no evident lateral CO2 flux. Lateral diffusion rates were low when PPFD &lt;300 μmol m−2 s−1 but approached saturation in moderate PPFD (300 μmol m−2 s−1) when lateral CO2 diffusion represented 15% to 24% of the normal CO2 assimilation rate. Smaller patches and higher ambient CO2 concentration increased lateral CO2 diffusion rates. Calculations with a two-dimensional diffusion model supported these observations that lateral CO2 diffusion over short distances inside dicotyledonous leaves can be important to photosynthesis. The results emphasize that supply of CO2 from nearby stomata usually dominates assimilation, but that lateral supply over distances up to approximately 1 mm can be important if stomata are blocked, particularly when assimilation rate is low.
The Arabidopsis E3 SUMO Ligase SIZ1 Regulates Plant Growth and Drought Responses
Authors: Catala Rafael , Ouyang Jian , Abreu Isabel A. , Hu Yuxin , Seo Haksoo , Zhang Xiuren , Chua Nam-Hai 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of proteins by small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) regulate protein degradation and localization, protein–protein interaction, and transcriptional activity. SUMO E3 ligase functions are executed by SIZ1/SIZ2 and Mms21 in yeast, the PIAS family members RanBP2, and Pc2 in human. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains only one gene, SIZ1, that is orthologous to the yeast SIZ1/SIZ2. Here, we show that Arabidopsis SIZ1 is expressed in all plant tissues. Compared with the wild type, the null mutant siz1-3 is smaller in stature because of reduced expression of genes involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling. Drought stress induces the accumulation of SUMO-protein conjugates, which is in part dependent on SIZ1 but not on abscisic acid (ABA). Mutant plants of siz1-3 have significantly lower tolerance to drought stress. A genome-wide expression analysis identified ∼1700 Arabidopsis genes that are induced by drought, with SIZ1 mediating the expression of 300 of them by a pathway independent of DREB2A and ABA. SIZ1-dependent, drought-responsive genes include those encoding enzymes of the anthocyanin synthesis pathway and jasmonate response. From these results, we conclude that SIZ1 regulates Arabidopsis growth and that this SUMO E3 ligase plays a role in drought stress response likely through the regulation of gene expression.
Oryza sativa Dicer-like4Reveals a Key Role for Small Interfering RNA Silencing in Plant Development
Authors: Liu Bin , Chen Zhiyu , Song Xianwei , Liu Chunyan , Cui Xia , Zhao Xianfeng , Fang Jun , Xu Wenying , Zhang Huiyong , Wang Xiujie , Chu Chengcai , Deng Xingwang , Xue Yongbiao , Cao Xiaofeng 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMicroRNAs and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are two classes of small regulatory RNAs derived from different types of precursors and processed by distinct Dicer or Dicer-like (DCL) proteins. During evolution, four Arabidopsis thaliana DCLs and six rice (Oryza sativa) DCLs (Os DCLs) appear to have acquired specialized functions. The Arabidopsis DCLs are well characterized, but those in rice remain largely unstudied. Here, we show that both knockdown and loss of function of rice DCL4, the homolog of Arabidopsis DCL4, lead to vegetative growth abnormalities and severe developmental defects in spikelet identity. These phenotypic alterations appear to be distinct from those observed in Arabidopsis dcl4 mutants, which exhibit accelerated vegetative phase change. The difference in phenotype between rice and Arabidopsis dcl4 mutants suggests that siRNA processing by DCL4 has a broader role in rice development than in Arabidopsis. Biochemical and genetic analyses indicate that Os DCL4 is the major Dicer responsible for the 21-nucleotide siRNAs associated with inverted repeat transgenes and for trans-acting siRNA (ta-siRNA) from the endogenous TRANS-ACTING siRNA3 (TAS3) gene. We show that the biogenesis mechanism of TAS3 ta-siRNA is conserved but that putative direct targets of Os DCL4 appear to be differentially regulated between monocots and dicots. Our results reveal a critical role of Os DCL4-mediated ta-siRNA biogenesis in rice development.
College students' dining expectations in Cyprus
Authors: Zopiatis Anastasios , Pribic Jovana 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe primary purpose of the study is to investigate college students' dining expectations and define the factors that shape their dining choices. In addition, the study investigates whether gender, ethnic origin, prior food and beverage working experience, spending habits and dining frequency influence students' dining expectations.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative questionnaire was developed and randomly administered to college students all over Cyprus. With the utilization of both descriptive and inferential statistics the authors addressed a number of research questions that aim to clarify college students' dining behaviour.FindingsThe research reliably measured college students' dining expectations and dining decisions in the Cyprus specific environment. Overall cleanliness, employees' attitude and quality of menu items were the most important factors influencing college students' dining choices. Reliability and responsiveness were ranked as the top dining expectations of college students. In addition, of value to industry practitioners, a number of statistically significant differences were revealed based on gender, spending habits, dining frequency, and prior food and beverage working experience.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors suggest an agenda for future academic research that will further clarify the dining habits of college students.Practice implicationsThe findings have a practical relevance to food and beverage marketers who wish to capture the attention of this significant market segment. The research recognised the market's potential, in addition of revealing major differences between college students in a number of dining‐related factors with specific marketing implications.Originality/valueIt is the first time that a scientific study has investigated college students' dining expectations in Cyprus. The results have practical implications for both academic scholars and food and beverage practitioners.