bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of reproduction on gambian women: Does controlling for phenotypic quality reveal costs of reproduction?
Authors: Sear Rebecca 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLife history theory predicts that where resources are limited, investment in reproduction will cause a decline in body condition and ultimately may lower survival rates. We investigate the relationship between reproduction and mortality in women in rural Gambia. We use a number of different measures of reproductive investment: the timing of reproduction, intensity of reproduction, and cumulative reproductive investment (parity). Though giving birth is clearly a risk factor for increased mortality, we find limited evidence that the timing, intensity, or cumulative effects of reproduction have a survival cost. Instead, there is some evidence that women who have invested heavily in reproduction have higher survival than women with lower reproductive investment: both high parity and late age at last reproduction are associated with high survival. The only evidence for any cost of reproduction is that women who have given birth to twins (considered a marker of heavy investment in reproduction) have higher mortality rates than other women, after the age of 50 years. A potential confounding factor may be differences in health between women: particularly healthy women may be able to invest substantially in both reproduction and their own survival, leading to the positive correlations between survival and both parity and age at last birth we observe. To control for differences in health between women, we reanalyze the relationship between reproduction and mortality but include variables correlating with health in our models (height, BMI, and hemoglobin). Even when controlling for health, the positive correlation between investment in reproduction and survival remains unchanged. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autoantibodies to RNA helicase A: A new serologic marker of early lupus
Authors: Yamasaki Yoshioki , Narain Sonali , Yoshida Hideo , Hernandez Liza , Barker Tolga , Hahn Paulette C. , Sobel Eric S. , Segal Mark S. , Richards Hanno B. , Chan Edward K. L. , Reeves Westley H. , Satoh Minoru 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical and immunologic significance of autoantibodies to RNA helicase A (RHA) in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases.MethodsThe study group comprised 1,119 individuals enrolled in the University of Florida Center for Autoimmune Diseases registry from 2000 to 2005. Diagnoses were based on standard criteria. Autoantibodies were analyzed by immunoprecipitation and Western blot assays.ResultsAnti‐RHA was observed in 17 (6.2%) of 276 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 2 patients with antiphospholipid antibodies, and 3 other patients, but anti‐RHA was not observed in any patient with polymyositis/dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or Sjögren's syndrome. Anti‐RHA was present in only 2.9% of African American patients, compared with 6.0% of white patients and 12–25% of patients of other races; this was in striking contrast to the frequency of anti‐Sm in African American patients (27.2%). Among patients with SLE, anti‐RHA was common in young patients (26% of those whose initial visit was at an age younger than 20 years versus 3–4% of those who were initially seen at ages 20–49 years) and at an early stage of disease (23% of those whose first clinic visit was within 1 year of disease onset versus 2–8% of those whose first visit was at least 1 year after disease onset). In 9 of 11 patients, levels of anti‐RHA decreased to <10% of the initial value within 9–37 months, while levels of coexisting anti‐Ro or anti‐Su remained the same. New specificities developed in 2 patients (anti–nuclear RNP and anti‐Sm, and anti–ribosomal P, respectively). These data suggest that the level of anti‐RHA diminishes over time, and that anti‐RHA is regulated via a mechanism different from that for other lupus‐related autoantibodies.ConclusionAnti‐RHA is a new serologic marker for SLE. It is produced mainly in young non–African Americans at an early stage of their disease. Anti‐RHA has a unique tendency to diminish over time. The production of anti‐RHA may depend on a process restricted to early SLE, or it may be highly sensitive to treatment.
Health values of patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Khanna Dinesh , Ahmed Mansoor , Furst Daniel E. , Ginsburg Shaari S. , Park Grace S. , Hornung Richard , Tsevat Joel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo assess health values in subjects with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and determine variability explained by demographics, clinical factors, health status, and disease severity.MethodsWe interviewed 107 individuals with SSc who attended national and local Scleroderma Foundation meetings in 2005. Health status was measured using the Short Form 36 (SF‐36) Physical Component Summary (PCS; range 0–100) and Mental Component Summary (MCS; range 0–100), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D; range 0–60), and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index (DI; range 0–3). Disease severity was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS; range 0–150). Health value measures included the 0–100 health rating scale (RS), standard gamble (SG; range 0.0–1.0), and time trade‐off (TTO; range 0.0–1.0). We performed univariate analyses to compare scores between participants with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) and diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc), and multivariable analyses for 3 outcome measures: RS, SG, and TTO, controlling for demographics, type of SSc, health status, and disease severity.ResultsOf the 107 participants, 48 had dcSSc and 59 had lcSSc. Ninety‐seven were women and 83 were white. The median scores for the PCS, MCS, and HAQ DI were 36.9, 45.5, and 0.9, respectively. Fifty‐five subjects had significant depressive symptoms (CES‐D score ≥16). The median RS, SG, and TTO scores were 62, 0.83 (indicating a willingness to accept up to a 17% risk of immediate death in exchange for perfect health), and 0.88 (indicating a willingness to give up a median of 12% of life expectancy in exchange for perfect health), respectively. Subjects with dcSSc had lower RS scores but higher SG scores (corresponding to a willingness to accept only a smaller risk of death) than subjects with lcSSc. TTO scores were similar in the 2 groups. Health values were variably related to factors such as demographics, VAS score, disease classification, and SF‐36 PCS and MCS scores (R2 = 0.22, 0.23, and 0.66 for the SG, TTO, and RS models, respectively).ConclusionIndividuals with dcSSc have lower health ratings but higher SG health values than individuals with lcSSc. These findings have implications for decision analysis and cost‐effectiveness analysis.
Use of complementary and alternative medicine providers by fibromyalgia patients under insurance coverage
Authors: Lind Bonnie K. , Lafferty William E. , Tyree Patrick Timothy , Diehr Paula K. , Grembowski David E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify how visits and expenditures differ between insured patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) who visit complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) providers compared with patients with FMS who do not. Patients with FMS were also compared with an age‐ and sex‐matched comparison group without FMS.MethodsCalendar year 2002 claims data from 2 large insurers in Washington state were analyzed for provider type (CAM versus conventional), patient comorbid medical conditions, number of visits, and expenditures.ResultsUse of CAM by patients with FMS was 2.5 times higher than in the comparison group without FMS (56% versus 21%). Patients with FMS who used CAM had more health care visits than patients with FMS not using CAM (34 versus 23; P < 0.001); however, CAM users had similar expenditures to nonusers among patients with FMS ($4,638 versus $4,728; not significant), because expenditure per CAM visit is lower than expenditure per conventional visit. Patients with FMS who used CAM also had heavier overall disease burdens than those not using CAM.ConclusionWith insurance coverage, a majority of patients with FMS will visit CAM providers. The sickest patients use more CAM, leading to an increased number of health care visits. However, CAM use is not associated with higher overall expenditures. Until a cure for FMS is found, CAM providers may offer an economic alternative for patients with FMS seeking symptomatic relief.
Design, implementation, and evaluation of a methodology for automatic stemmer generation
Authors: Melucci Massimo , Orio Nicola 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe authors describe a statistical approach based on hidden Markov models (HMMs), for generating stemmers automatically. The proposed approach requires little effort to insert new languages in the system even if minimal linguistic knowledge is available. This is a key advantage especially for digital libraries, which are often developed for a specific institution or government because the program can manage a great amount of documents written in local languages. The evaluation described in the article shows that the stemmers implemented by means of HMMs are as effective as those based on linguistic rules.
Orbit of comet C/1860 M1 (Great Comet of 1860)
Authors: Branham R. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComet C/1860 M1 (Great Comet of 1860) is one of a large number of comets with parabolic orbits. Given that there are sufficient observations of the comet, 261 in right ascension and 251 in declination, it proves possible to calculate a better orbit. The comet's orbit is hyperbolic, and statistically different from a parabola. The comet, therefore, cannot be considered to be a Near Earth Oject. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Integrated colours of Milky Way globular clusters and horizontal branch morphology
Authors: Smith G. H. , Strader J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBroadband colours are often used as metallicity proxies in the study of extragalactic globular clusters. A common concern is the effect of variations in horizontal branch (HB) morphology – the second‐parameter effect – on such colours. We have used UBVI, Washington, and DDO photometry for a compilation of over 80 Milky Way globular clusters to address this question. Our method is to fit linear relations between colour and [Fe/H], and study the correlations between the residuals about these fits and two quantitative measures of HB morphology. While there is a significant HB effect seen in U – B, for the commonly used colours B – V, V – I, and C – T1, the deviations from the baseline colour‐[Fe/H] relations are less strongly related to HB morphology. There may be weak signatures in B –V and C –T1, but these are at the limit of observational uncertainties. The results may favour the use of B –I in studies of extragalactic globular clusters, especially when its high [Fe/H]‐sensitivity is considered. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The galactic surface density derived from K giants
Authors: Brosche P. , Schwarz O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe compare theW velocity dispersions of Brosche, Schwan & Schwarz (2001) with more recent results. The increase with the distance |z | from the galactic plane is confirmed, although perhaps with reduced amplitude. This could be interpreted either as one homogenous population or as a superposition of (at least) two populations with two constant dispersions and two scale heights. For each of the possibilities we propose a simple model. Combined with two observational variants for the velocity variation, we obtain surface densities up to |z | = 250 pc ranging from 5 to 44 M⊙ pc–2. Thus the case for considerable dark matter in the neighbourhood of the galactic plane is not supported
Calibration accuracy of a judgmental process that predicts the commercial success of new product ideas
Authors: Åstebro Thomas , Koehler Derek J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe examine the accuracy of forecasts of the commercial potential of new product ideas by experts at an Inventor's Assistance Program (IAP). Each idea is evaluated in terms of 37 attributes or cues, which are subjectively rated and intuitively combined by an IAP expert to arrive at a forecast of the idea's commercialization prospects. Data regarding actual commercialization outcomes for 559 new product ideas were collected to examine the accuracy of the IAP forecasts. The intensive evaluation of each idea conducted by the IAP produces forecasts that accurately rank order the ideas in terms of their probability of commercialization. The focus of the evaluation process on case‐specific evidence that distinguishes one idea from another, however, and the corresponding neglect of aggregate considerations such as the base rate (BR) and predictability of commercialization for new product ideas in general, yields forecasts that are systematically miscalibrated in terms of their correspondence to the actual probability of commercialization. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining Adaptive Designs with Control of the False Discovery Rate – A Generalized Definition for a Global p ‐Value
Authors: Victor Anja , Hommel Gerhard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen combining adaptive designs with control of the False Discovery Rate one has to keep in mind that the most frequently used procedure for controlling the False Discovery Rate – the explorative Simes procedure – is a stepwise multiple testing procedure. At the interim analysis of an adaptive design it is however not yet known what the boundaries for rejection of hypotheses in the final analysis will be as these boundaries depend on the size of the final p ‐values. Therefore classical adaptive designs with a predefined stopping criterion for early rejection of hypotheses are not well suited. We propose a generalized definition of a global p ‐value for a two‐stage adaptive design permitting a flexible decision for stopping at the interim analysis. By means of a simulation study in the field of genetic epidemiology we illustrate how applying such a two‐stage design can reduce costs. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Step Down Procedure for Comparing Several Treatments with a Control Based on Multivariate Normal Response
Authors: Imada Tsunehisa , Douke Hideyuki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study we consider a multiple comparison of several treatments with a control based on multivariate normal response in clinical trials. Specifically we construct a step down procedure by referring to Dunnett and Tamhane (1991). Furthermore we formulate the all‐pairs power by using the recursive formula derived by Hayter and Tamhane (1991) and Dunnett, Horn and Vollandt (2001). Finally we compare the step down procedure with the single step procedure proposed by Nakamura and Imada (2005) in terms of some numerical examples regarding the power of the test. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Empirical Bayes Identication of Tumor Progression Genes from Microarray Data
Authors: Ghosh Debashis , Chinnaiyan Arul M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe use of microarray data has become quite commonplace in medical and scientific experiments. We focus here on microarray data generated from cancer studies. It is potentially important for the discovery of biomarkers to identify genes whose expression levels correlate with tumor progression. In this article, we propose a simple procedure for the identification of such genes, which we term tumor progression genes. The first stage involves estimation based on the proportional odds model. At the second stage, we calculate two quantities: a q ‐value, and a shrinkage estimator of the test statistic is constructed to adjust for the multiple testing problem. The relationship between the proposed method with the false discovery rate is studied. The proposed methods are applied to data from a prostate cancer microarray study. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An evaluation of in situ training to teach sexual abuse prevention skills to women with mental retardation
Authors: Egemo‐Helm Kristin R. , Miltenberger Raymond G. , Knudson Peter , Finstrom Nicholas , Jostad Candice , Johnson Brigitte 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe current study evaluated a behavioral skills training (BST) program in combination with in situ training to teach sexual abuse prevention skills to five women with mild to moderate mental retardation. In situ assessments were conducted following BST and in situ training sessions were conducted for those who were unable to demonstrate the skills in the natural setting. The results showed that generalization of the safety skills to the natural setting occurred for three of the five participants following one to two in situ training sessions. One participant required 12 in situ training sessions and three booster training sessions to reach criterion level. Three of four participants assessed 1 month following training maintained the skills. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined approach of NMR and chemometrics for screening peptones used in the cell culture medium for the production of a recombinant therapeutic protein
Authors: Luo Ying , Chen Guoxiang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSoy peptones or soy hydrolysates are widely used as key medium additives in serum‐free cell culture processes for industrial production of therapeutic recombinant proteins. The heterogeneous nature of these vegetable‐derived materials can lead to substantial lot‐ to‐lot variability in cell culture processes. In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics in rapid screening peptone lots in order to optimize efficiency and consistency of large‐scale protein production. This report is the first that shows a correlation between the intrinsic NMR spectral characteristics of complex heterogeneous materials and product titer using chemometrics. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 97: 1654–1659. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Steroid Conjugates of Dichloro(6‐aminomethylnicotinate)platinum(II): Effects on DNA, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin, the Estrogen Receptor, and Various Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Schobert Rainer , Bernhardt Günther , Biersack Bernhard , Bollwein Susanne , Fallahi Magid , Grotemeier Antje , Hammond Geoffrey L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEsters of 6‐aminomethylnicotinic acid with various steroidal alcohols were treated with K2PtCl4 to give the N,N‐chelated dichloroplatinum(II) complex conjugates 4. Their interaction with plasmid DNA was monitored by electrophoretic mobility measurements. Their affinities towards sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and towards the nuclear estrogen receptor ERα were assessed by competitive displacement radioassays. The inhibitory effect of 4 on breast tumour cells MCF‐7 ER+/ER− and MDA‐MB‐231 was investigated in vitro. Conjugates with 3‐O‐linked estrogens 4 a,b or 17‐O‐linked androgens 4 g bound strongly to SHBG. The conjugate complex 4 b, featuring a 3‐O‐linked estradiol, also bound strongly and agonistically to the estrogen receptor. It also elicited distinct growth retardation of MCF‐7 (ER+) cells, presumably by a mechanism different from that of cisplatin.
Luminescence and Stability of Aqueous Thioalkyl Acid Capped CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots Correlated to Ligand Ionization
Authors: Algar W. Russ , Krull Ulrich J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe spectroscopic properties of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were observed to change as a function of thioalkyl acid ligand. Experiments were performed using 2, 3, 6, and 11‐carbon linear thioalkyl acids, as well as mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA). Bathochromic shifts of up to 14 nm in the emission spectra of QDs capped with these ligands were observed. Similarly, hypsochromic or bathochromic shifts up to 7 nm were observed for a specific ligand in acidic or basic solution, respectively. These shifts could be correlated to the number of ionized ligands and the ability of the ligands to act as hole acceptors. It was also found that differences in quantum yield between the ligands were primarily due to variations in radiative decay rate and not nonradiative decay rate. This indicated that different degrees of QD surface passivation were not responsible for the differences, and that the radiative system must be considered as the sum of the ligands and the QD nanocrystal. The stability of QDs capped with mercaptoacetic acid, MSA, and DHLA towards aggregation at low pH was found to correlate with the pKa of the ligands. Spectral shifts were also observed during aggregation. Overall, the luminescence of thioalkyl acid capped QDs appears to be a complex function of dielectric constant, electrostatic or hole‐acceptor interactions with ionized ligands, and, to a lesser extent, passivation.
Solvothermal growth of single‐crystal hexagonal prismatic SrCO3 microrods
Authors: Du Fanglin , Shi Liange 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSingle‐crystal hexagonal prism SrCO3 microrods have been prepared by a simple solvothermal route. The effects of the reaction time, the content of 1,2‐propanediol and the reactants mass on the products have been investigated, respectively. The as‐synthesized microrods were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results reveal that the products have uniform shape and excellent monodispersity. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Notes on some supposed transitions of the phase NiBi
Authors: Vassilev G. P. , Lilova K. I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractX‐Ray, DSC and magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed with NiBi specimens in the interval from room temperature to 700 K. The hypothesis of solid‐state transitions in this phase was not confirmed. Thermal and magnetic effects are observed, but they are due to the existence of small amount of phases others than NiBi (i.e. unreacted Ni and Bi). (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Three‐dimensional thermoelastic stresses in off‐axis oriented single crystals with hexagonal symmetry
Authors: Böttcher K. , Cliffe K. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA three‐dimensional (3D) thermoelastic stress analysis is carried out on a single crystal with axisymmetric geometry but with a hexagonal crystallographic symmetry. The crystallographic orientation is off‐axis with respect to the cylindrical coordinate system. By applying a Fourier series expansion with respect to the rotational angle ϕ of the cylindrical coordinates, the 3D boundary value problem is reduced to a sequence of 2D ones on the meridian plane, which are solved by the finite‐element method. In our example, the off‐axis orientation is towards a direction of high symmetry, and therefore only four of the six stress tensor components are non‐zero. In the end, the stress tensor is projected onto the slip system of the crystal. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Transition Between Different Discharge Regimes in Atmospheric Pressure Air Barrier Discharge
Authors: Ráheľ J. , Šíra M. , Sťahel P. , Trunec D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn our previous work [1], we have demonstrated the possibility of observing the transition from a filamentary dielectric barrier discharge operation regime into the diffuse barrier discharge regime in air at atmospheric pressure. This work presents our attempt to reproduce the transition conditions in newly constructed transparent discharge reactor. The role of appropriate power supply and dielectric barrier to stabilize the discharge in a Townsend‐to‐glow discharge region is investigated and discussed. Unlike operating in nitrogen, a streamer mechanism is involved in the formation of the uniform air plasma. Nevertheless the electrical current waveform of a diffuse streamer pulse differs from the filamentary streamer pulse, as the diffuse mode pulse exhibits an extended tail part. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)