bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MHC‐F polymorphism and evolution
Authors: Moscoso J. , Serrano‐Vela J. Ignacio , Arnaiz‐Villena A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐F class Ib locus shows a limited polymorphism, and the function of its mainly intracellular protein is not clear. We have identified human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐F orthologous DNA sequences in Pongidae in order to study the MHC‐F gene evolution and its products’ function. HLA‐F orthologous complementary DNA transcripts are found in chimpanzee and in the new primate species studied (bonobo, gorilla and orangutan). Analyses of the predicted amino acid sequences and their comparison with other primate MHC‐F proteins show that MHC‐F may be a protein with a typical class I structure and that the key residues of the peptide‐binding region are highly conserved in MHC‐F in all studied primates species. Thus, MHC‐F conservation along the primate evolution suggests an important role in cellular physiology. It is possible that the MHC‐F protein could be involved, together with MHC‐G and MHC‐E, in the natural killer cell activity regulation, although rhesus macaque cannot express complete surface MHC‐G orthologue molecules.
Immunohistochemical investigation of canine episcleritis
Authors: Breaux Carrie B. , Sandmeyer Lynne S. , Grahn Bruce H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectives To identify macrophages, B cells and T cells in archived canine episcleral biopsies and to correlate these findings with the clinical presentation and therapeutic outcome.Procedures Archived formalin‐fixed biopsies were immunohistochemically labeled for CD18, CD79a, and CD3 to identify macrophages, B cells and T cells, respectively. Slides were digitally photographed and positive cells were manually counted. Signalment, duration of illness, affected eye(s), treatment, and therapeutic outcome were reviewed for each dog. Dogs were divided into groups based on clinical presentation (unilateral episcleritis, bilateral episcleritis or nodular granulomatous episclerokeratitis (NGE).Results Twenty‐four cases were evaluated. There were 19 episcleritis (13 unilateral, six bilateral) and five NGE cases. The mean age for clinical manifestations of unilateral episcleritis was 6.8 years, bilateral episcleritis was 8.7 years, and NGE was 3.8 years. The Cocker Spaniel was over‐represented in the episcleritis groups. All NGE cases were Collies. Approximately 50% of the unilateral episcleritis cases resolved and did not require long‐term therapy. Almost all cases of bilateral episcleritis and NGE required continuous medical therapy to maintain remission. There was a significantly higher percentage of B lymphocytes in biopsies from lesions that required ongoing medical therapy to maintain lesion remission than in the lesions that resolved, and for which medications were discontinued (P = 0.0471).Conclusions The prognosis for resolution of NGE and bilateral episcleritis without long‐term medical therapy is poor. There is a significant difference in the inflammatory cell population in episcleritis that resolved with medical therapy vs. episcleritis that required ongoing medical therapy.
Shope fibroma virus keratitis and spontaneous cataracts in a domestic rabbit
Authors: Keller Rachel L. , Hendrix Diane V. H. , Greenacre Cheryl 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA 7‐year‐old domestic rabbit presented for an enlarging ventral perilimbal mass OS. Keratectomy was performed to remove the mass. A diagnosis of Shope fibroma virus keratitis was confirmed based on signalment, clinical signs, histologic evaluation and virus isolation. Progression of bilateral cataracts leading to visual deficits was addressed with phacoemulsification. The rabbit remained visual and comfortable 5 months postoperatively and free of recurrence of the limbal mass 9 months after initial presentation.
Acute blindness in a dog caused by an explosive blast
Authors: Shelah Michal , Weinberger Dov , Ofri Ron 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA 3‐year‐old, intact male, mixed breed dog was presented with a complaint of acute blindness. Ten days previously, the area where the dog was walking came under a rocket attack, and a rocket landed and exploded 300 meters away from the dog. Physical examination was unremarkable. Ophthalmoscopic examination revealed posterior segment fibrin clots and extensive vitreal hemorrhage in the right eye. A total retinal detachment (360° retinal dialysis) with no evidence of hemorrhage was noted in the left eye. There was no sign of any penetrating ocular trauma, and it was assumed that the posterior segment findings were primary injuries caused by the blast wave itself. Following anti‐inflammatory treatment, partial vision was restored in the right eye. Surgical re‐attachment of the retina was discussed and declined by the owner. This report describes, for the first time, vitreal hemorrhage and retinal detachment as the sole injuries caused by an explosive blast wave.
Canine ocular histiocytic sarcoma
Authors: Naranjo Carolina , Dubielzig Richard R. , Friedrichs Kristen R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjective To describe and characterize histiocytic sarcoma (HS) first detected in the eyes of dogs using the large database at the comparative ocular pathology laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW).Methods Cases diagnosed as HS were selected from the COPLOW database. Slides were reviewed to describe the cellular morphology, localize the tumor within the globe, record the tumor distribution and measure the size of the tumor. Further sections were taken to perform immunohistochemistry for Melan‐A, CD18 and S‐100, and for ferric iron staining. The following clinical information was recorded: breed, age, gender, laterality, clinical signs upon presentation and follow‐up information obtained by response to a mailed survey and phone contact.Results Twenty‐six cases were confirmed as being HS according to the immunohistochemical results (CD18 positive and Melan‐A negative). The most prevalent breed was Rottweiler (eight cases), followed by Retriever breeds (seven Golden Retrievers and five Labrador Retrievers). The mean age was 8.61 ± 2.43 years. There were three intact male, eight castrated male, one intact female and 14 spayed female dogs. In 15 dogs there were no concurrent systemic clinical signs at the time of diagnosis. Sixteen of 19 dogs with follow‐up information available died as a result of causes related to the tumor, although only three of them received a necropsy. Survival time varied between 5 days and 6 months after enucleation. Three of the dogs were alive at the time the information was gathered. Mean tumor surface was 0.613 ± 0.38 cm2. S‐100 was diffusely positive in 10 cases, isolated positive cells were found in 11 cases and five cases were completely negative. Seven of the cases were positive for ferric iron.ConclusionsHistiocytic sarcoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of dogs with intraocular masses, especially in Rottweilers and Retriever breeds. Because it carries poor prognosis, it must be distinguished from melanoma. A good discriminator for this purpose in paraffin‐embedded tissues is finding CD18‐positive cells and no reactivity against Melan‐A. S‐100 and ferric iron staining does not seem to be useful. Ocular HS is considered to be a manifestation of a systemic disease even when the disease is first recognized in the eye.
Embryogenetics: gene control of the embryogenesis of the eye
Authors: Barishak Robert Y. , Ofri Ron 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn recent years there have been significant advances in our knowledge and understanding of the genetic control of embryonic development. The aim of this paper is to review the current state of knowledge regarding genetic control of embryogenesis, the first stage of ocular development. Products of numerous genes participate in signaling, induction and control during the formation of the neural plate, groove and tube, key events leading to the development of the future eye.
The value of three‐dimensional transrectal ultrasonography in staging prostate cancer
Authors: Mitterberger Michael , Pinggera Germar‐Michael , Pallwein Leo , Gradl Johann , Frauscher Ferdinand , Bartsch Georg , Strasser Hannes , Akkad Thomas , Horninger Wolfgang 
Published: April 2007

OBJECTIVETo use three‐dimensional transrectal ultrasonography (3D‐TRUS) to reconstruct the prostate, and thus determine its value in staging clinically localized prostate cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 180 patients with newly diagnosed clinically localized prostate cancer were assessed using 3D‐TRUS for staging. TRUS findings were compared with histopathological staging after radical prostatectomy.RESULTSPathological staging of specimens showed extracapsular extension in 69 patients, of whom 53 had pathological capsular perforation and 16 had seminal vesicle invasion. 3D‐TRUS identified 58 patients with sites of extracapsular extension with 84% sensitivity, 96% specificity, 94% positive predictive value, 91% negative predictive value and an overall accuracy of 92%. Of the 16 patients with seminal vesicle invasion 14 were identified correctly on 3D‐TRUS. Overall the 3D‐TRUS staging sensitivity was 84%, specificity 96%, positive predictive value 93%, negative predictive value 91% and accuracy 91%.CONCLUSIONS3D‐TRUS seems to be an accurate technique for staging localized prostate cancer. If 3D‐TRUS indicates locally advanced disease, the probability of capsular perforation or seminal vesicle invasion is very high.
Clinicopathological features and prognosis of synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma: an international multicentre experience
Authors: Klatte Tobias , Wunderlich Heiko , Patard Jean‐Jacques , Kleid Mark D. , Lam John S. , Junker Kerstin , Schubert Jörg , Böhm Malte , Allhoff Ernst P. , Kabbinavar Fairooz F. , Crepel Maxime , Cindolo Luca , De La Taille Alexandre , Tostain Jacques , Mejean Arnaud , Soulie Michel , Bellec Laurent , Bernhard Jean Christophe , Ferriere Jean‐Marie , Pfister Christian , Albouy Baptiste , Colombel Marc , Zisman Amnon , Belldegrun Arie S. , Pantuck Allan J. 
Published: April 2007

An interesting group of papers in this section is headed by two papers on synchronous bilateral renal tumours, one from an international group of authors and one from Germany. The large series of patients are examined carefully by both groups, and the findings should be useful for all who are interested in this area.Authors from the UK examine the role of lactate dehydrogenase as a prognostic factor for testicular cancer. They found that it had limited sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value for detecting relapse, with false‐positive elevations being common.OBJECTIVETo present a multicentre experience and the largest cohort to date of nonmetastatic (N0M0) synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma (RCC), as because it is rare the single‐institutional experience is limited.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe retrospectively studied 10 337 patients from 12 urological centres to identify patients with N0M0 synchronous bilateral RCC; the clinicopathological features and cancer‐specific survival were compared to a cohort treated for N0M0 unilateral RCC.RESULTSIn all, 153 patients had synchronous bilateral solid renal tumours, of whom 135 (88%) had synchronous bilateral RCC, 118 with nonmetastatic disease; 91% had nonfamilial bilateral RCC. Bilateral clear cell RCC was the major histological subtype (76%), and papillary RCC was the next most frequent (19%). Multifocality was found in 54% of bilateral RCCs. Compared with unilateral RCC, patients did not differ in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) and T classification, but bilateral RCCs were more frequently multifocal (54% vs 16%, P < 0.001) and of the papillary subtype (19% vs 12%), and less frequently clear cell RCC (76% vs 83%, P = 0.005). For the outcome, patients with nonmetastatic synchronous bilateral RCC and unilateral RCC had a similar prognosis (P = 0.63); multifocality did not affect survival (P = 0.60). Multivariate analysis identified ECOG PS, T classification, and Fuhrman grade, but not laterality, as independent prognostic factors for cancer‐specific survival.CONCLUSIONSPatients with N0M0 synchronous bilateral RCC and N0M0 unilateral RCC have a similar prognosis. The frequency of a familial history for RCC (von Hippel‐Lindau disease or familial RCC) was significantly greater in bilateral synchronous than in unilateral RCC. The significant pathological findings in synchronous bilateral RCC are papillary subtype and multifocality.
Is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy the preferred treatment option for elderly patients with urinary stone? A multivariate analysis of the effect of patient age on treatment outcome
Authors: Ng Chi‐Fai , Wong Annie , Tolley David 
Published: April 2007

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the effect of patient age on the stone‐free rate (SFR) in patients with urinary calculi treated by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL).PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 2192 solitary radio‐opaque urinary stones of 5–15 mm were identified in adult patients receiving primary ESWL. Patients were divided into three age groups, i.e. ≤ 40, 41–60 and >60 years (579, 1026 and 587 patients, respectively). Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the effect of age and other possible predicting factors (gender, stone characteristics, e.g. side, site and size, and the type of lithotripter used) on the SFR at 3 months after treatment.RESULTSThe overall adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the SFR for those aged 41–60 and >60 years (taking those aged ≤ 40 years as the reference) were 0.708 (0.573–0.875; P = 0.001) and 0.643 (0.506–0.818; P < 0.001). However, if the patients were divided into those with renal or ureteric stones, only the SFR of the former was affected by age, and the adjusted odds ratios were 0.665 (0.512–0.864; P = 0.002) and 0.629 (0.470–0.841; P = 0.002), respectively. Ageing had no effect on the SFR for ureteric stones.CONCLUSIONThe SFR after ESWL for renal stones, but not ureteric stones, was significantly lower in older patients. Further studies on the effects of ageing on renal stone clearance after ESWL are needed to improve stone management in the elderly population.
Organ‐sparing surgery does not lead to greater antisperm antibody levels than orchidectomy
Authors: Leonhartsberger Nicolai , Gozzi Christian , Akkad Thomas , Springer‐Stoehr Brigitte , Bartsch Georg , Steiner Hannes 
Published: April 2007

OBJECTIVETo assess a possible development of antisperm antibodies (ASA), present in a high percentage of infertile patients, after organ‐sparing surgery for small testicular tumours, to identify any additional immunogenic effect of this procedure compared with standard orchidectomy.PATIENTS AND METHODSSamples of sera were assessed from 54 men who had had surgery between 2000 and 2005 for testicular tumour; the men were divided into two groups, i.e. group A (23) had had organ‐sparing tumour resection and group B (31) had had inguinal orchidectomy. Other possible causes of ASA besides testicular tumour were excluded in all patients. The blood samples were obtained during follow‐up visits and the circulating ASA in serum determined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTSThe mean (range) tumour diameter was statistically significantly greater (P < 0.03) in group B, at 33.6 (2–130) mm, than in group A, at 12 (2–30) mm. There were significantly more stromal tumours in group A than group B (P < 0.02). Most importantly, the mean (range) ASA levels were not statistically significantly (P > 0.3) higher in group A, at 29 (15–59) U/mL, than in group B, at 24.8 (12–39) U/mL. There was also no statistically significant correlation between ASA levels and clinical stage, length of follow‐up after therapy, patient age, tumour size and type of histology.CONCLUSIONFrom these data, organ‐sparing surgery does not lead to greater ASA levels than orchidectomy and patients are therefore at no greater risk of developing an autoimmune infertility.
Solubility and mechanical properties of heat‐cured whey protein‐based edible films compared with that of collagen and natural casings
Authors: AMIN S , USTUNOL Z 
Published: April 2007

Water solubility, tensile strength (TS), wet strength (WS) and elongation at break (%E) of whey protein isolate (WPI) films were compared to that of collagen films and natural casings. Increase in heat‐curing temperature and time caused decreased (P < 0.001) water solubility and increased TS and WS of the films. Heat‐cured WPI films with similar properties (solubility, TS, WS and %E) to collagen films were obtained by optimizing heat‐curing conditions. Overall, natural casings had lower solubility, TS and %E but higher WS than collagen and heat‐cured WPI films. Heat‐cured WPI films have the potential as an alternative to collagen films and casings.
The formation of thermophilic spores during the manufacture of whole milk powder
Authors: SCOTT SARA A , BROOKS JOHN D , RAKONJAC JASNA , WALKER KYLIE M R , FLINT STEVE H 
Published: April 2007

A survey was undertaken at a whole milk powder manufacturing plant to determine the origin and the rate of spore formation of thermophilic bacteria. Spores were generally not detected (< 10 cfu/mL) in either the pasteurization process or the pasteurized milk directed into the powder plant. The predominant sites of spore formation were the preheater plate heat exchanger and the evaporator. Spores began to be detected approximately 9 h into an 18‐h manufacturing run. Spore isolates were identified as Anoxybacillus flavithermus and Geobacillus species. A. flavithermus predominated in the preheat section, whereas a mix of both organisms was present in the later manufacturing stages.
Antioxidative ability of native and thermized sour whey in oxidation‐catalysed model systems†
Authors: SHON JINHAN , HAQUE ZAHUR U 
Published: April 2007

Antioxidative properties of sour (cottage) were evaluated with (thermized) and without (native) heat treatment (80°C for 30 min). A model system comprising a Tween 20 stabilized peanut oil in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) emulsion containing lipid oxidation catalysts, FeCl
3, H2O2 and ascorbate was used. Native sour whey powder (SWP) was significantly better than thermized whey in terms of limiting the formation of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances and peroxide value. Antioxidative ability was best at pH 3.0 and decreased with increasing pH. SWP (20%, w/v) was significantly better than all commonly used antioxidants tested after 96 h of incubation at 40°C.
CHLOROPHYLL PIGMENTS IN METHANOL EXTRACTS FROM TEN AXENIC CULTURED DIATOMS AND THREE GREEN ALGAE AS DETERMINED BY REVERSE PHASE HPLC WITH FLUOROMETRIC DETECTION 1
Authors: Otsuki Akira , Watanabe Makoto M. , Sugahara Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Chlorophyll pigments in 100% mrthanol extracts from ten axenic cultured diatoms and three green algae were examined using reverse phase HPLC with Jluoromelric detector and field desorption mass spectrometry to identify same unknown peaks tn HPLC chromatograms from natural phytoplankton samples. Characteristics of the HPLC chromatograms were the presence of chlorophyllide and two unknown peaks. Field desorption mass spectrometry of the oxidation products of authentic chlorophyll a suggested that the peaks were due to 10‐hydroxy and 10‐hydroxy lactone chlorophylls a and 10‐methoxy and 10‐methoxy lactone chlorophylls a fanned during each process of filtration, storage at ‐20°C and extraction in methanol. The present results indicated that a new type of chlorophyll c derivative may exist and, as far as we use filtration to collect phytoplankton and store the sample under air even at ‐20°C, the formation of oxidation products of chlorophyll pigments may he unavoidable.
HAPLOID SPORE FORMATION FOLLOWING ARRESTED CELL FUSION IN CHLAMYDOMOXAS (CHLOROPJIYTA) 1
Authors: VanWhikle‐Swift Karen P. , Aliaga George R. , Pommerville Jeffrey C. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Sexual fusion of haploid Chlamydomonas gametes produces a diploid zygote which undergoes sporulation (maturation). We have used a combination of genetic and cellular approaches to evaluate the role(s) of gametic cell and nuclear fusion in the progression of sporulation. A fusion‐arrested strain, zym‐26–3. was obtained following ultraviolet irradiation of vegetative haploid cells of the homothallic species Chlamydomonas monoica Strehlow. Using the DNA‐specific fluorochrome, DAPI, we determined that diploidy was rarely achieved although nuclear migration to the base of the cytoplasmic bridge connecting the gametes and attempted transit through the tubule could be easily documented. Unusual cytoplasmic‘buds’which developed adjacent to the cytoplasmic bridge in sporulating haploids were usually found to contain a migrant nucleus. Using transmission electron microscopy, we determined that ultrastructural changes typically associated with sporulation of a diploid zygote (e.g. spore wall formation; plastid dedifferentiation and associated lipid accumulation; nuclear migration and heterochromatization) could occur following arrested cell fusion despite the absence of nuclear fusion. Genetic analysis of the zym‐26–3 strain revealed two unlinked mutations: cf‐1 responsible for the failure to complete cell fusion; and ger‐8, a mutant allele not affecting cell fusion, but interfering with late stages of spore maturation and germination.‘Cytoplasmic budding’was observed in strains carrying each of these mutations singly and may be a common secondary consequence of disturbances in the relative timing of interrelated processes required for spare wall assembly.
PHYLOGENETIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE MAJOR DIATOM LIGHT‐HARVESTING PIGMENT‐PROTEIN DETERMINED BY IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS 1
Authors: Friedmans Alan L. , Alberte Randall S. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Monospecific, polyclonal antibodies raised against the apoprotein of the major light‐harvesting pigment‐protein of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin UTEX 646 were used to determine (1) whether this complex was common to the class Bacillariophyceae, whose members contain chlorophylls a and c and fucoxanlhin; (2) whether antigenically‐related apoproteins were present in other chlorophyll c‐containing groups, and (3) whether there was immunological homology with the light‐hanvsting chlorophyll a/b protein of similar photosynthetic function in the Chlorophyta and vascular plants. We have used protein blotting techniques to show that antibodies against the two P. tricornutum light‐harvesting complex polypeptides cross‐reacted with one or two polypeptides of similar molecular weight (17–21 kD) in all ten diatom species examined, representing two orders and six families. No cross‐reactivity was obtained with total membrane polypeptides from isolated representatives of three chromophyte algal divisions (Chrysophyta, Cryptophyta, Pyrrophyta), all of which contained chlorophyll c. No cross‐reactivity was observed with membrane Polypeptides isolated from members of two classes of Chlorophte algae. These data suggest that the Bacillariophyceae may be monophyletic, and that the primary structure of the diatom light‐harvesting complex is not closely related to pigment‐protein complexes with similar function in other chlorophyll c‐containing unicellular algal groups. Lastly, it may be possible to use the antibodies to the diatom light‐harvesting polypeptides as specific markers for diatoms in natural phytoplankton assemblages.