bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Detection, Surveillance and Treatment of Premalignant Gastric Lesions Related to Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: De Vries A. C. , Haringsma J. , Kuipers E. J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractGastric cancer is an important worldwide health problem and causes considerable morbidity and mortality. It represents the second leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. A cascade of recognizable precursor lesions precedes most distal gastric carcinomas. In this multistep model of gastric carcinogenesis, Helicobacter pylori causes chronic active inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which slowly progresses through the premalignant stages of atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia to gastric carcinoma. Detection and treatment of premalignant lesions may thus provide a basis for gastric cancer prevention. However, at present, premalignant changes of the gastric mucosa are frequently disregarded in clinical practice or result in widely varying follow‐up frequency or treatment. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on detection, surveillance and treatment of patients with premalignant gastric lesions, and identifies the uncertainties that require further research.
Immune Response to CagA Protein is Associated with Improved Platelet Count After Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Patients with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Kodama Michiyo , Kitadai Yasuhiko , Ito Masanori , Kai Hirohisa , Masuda Hiroshi , Tanaka Shinji , Yoshihara Masaharu , Fujimura Kingo , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground:  Improvement in platelet counts has been reported after eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). We examined the levels of serum markers of gastritis and anti‐CagA (cytotoxin‐associated gene A) IgG antibody in patients with ITP to investigate whether these factors are associated with the platelet response after H. pylori eradication therapy.Materials and methods:  One hundred and sixteen consecutive patients with ITP were assessed for H. pylori infection by 13C‐urea breath test and serum H. pylori antibody test. Patients with H. pylori infection received eradication therapy. Before and after eradication therapy, we evaluated serum levels of gastrin, pepsinogen (PG)‐I, and PG‐II and the anti‐CagA IgG antibody titer.Results:  H. pylori infection was found in 67 (58%) of the 116 patients with ITP. Fifty‐two infected patients received eradication therapy, which was successful in 44 patients (85%). Twenty‐seven patients (62%) showed an increased platelet count and were identified as responders. The duration of ITP was shorter in responders than in nonresponders (p = .017). There was no difference of the levels of gastrin and PGs between responders and nonresponders. Before eradication therapy, the serum anti‐CagA antibody titer did not differ significantly between responders and nonresponders. However, reduction in the anti‐CagA antibody titer after eradication therapy was significantly greater in responders than in nonresponders (p = .013).Conclusions:  H. pylori eradication therapy improves the platelet count in H. pylori‐positive patients with ITP of short duration. Immune response of hosts to CagA protein of H. pylori may play a role in the pathogenesis of ITP.
Topiramate in Patients With Episodic Migraine: Reducing the Risk for Chronic Forms of Headache
Authors: Limmroth Volker , Biondi David , Pfeil Joop , Schwalen Susanne 
Published: January 2007

Objective.—The aim was to evaluate whether preventive treatment with topiramate in patients with episodic migraine reduces the risk of developing chronic forms of headache.Background.—Chronic forms of headache, including chronic migraine or medication overuse headache (MOH), are characterized by 15 or more headache days per month. Acute medication overuse has been shown to be a risk factor for developing chronic headache, but it is not known whether preventive treatment can reduce the risk of developing chronic forms of headache or the development of MOH.Methods.—Pooled data from 3 trials in patients with episodic migraine randomized either to treatment with 100 mg topiramate per day (n = 384) or with placebo (n = 372) were analyzed with regard to the number of headache days during a prospective 4‐week baseline period and the individual final 4 weeks of each patient's treatment during the planned 26‐week double‐blind treatment period.Results.—The number of headache days per month in the topiramate versus the placebo‐treated groups was 7.3 ± 3.0 versus 7.3 ± 3.1 during baseline and 4.1 ± 4.2 versus 5.6 ± 4.9 during the final 4 weeks, respectively (P < .001). At the end of the study, 8 versus 16 patients fulfilled International Headache Society criteria of chronic headache (odds ratio: 2.11, P= .082). Moreover, a significantly lower number of patients receiving topiramate treatment reported an increase in headache days per month by the end of the study when compared to placebo (66 vs 88 patients, respectively; odds ratio: 1.49, P < .05). Finally, the number of days with usage of acute medication was significantly lower in the topiramate arm compared with placebo (3.3 ± 3.7 vs 4.3 ± 3.6, respectively; P < .001).Conclusion.—Preventive treatment with topiramate in patients with episodic migraine may reduce the risk of developing chronic forms of headache.
Borderline Personality Disorder and Migraine
Authors: Rothrock John , Lopez Ivan , Zweilfer Richard , Andress‐Rothrock Diane , Drinkard Renay , Walters Naomi 
Published: January 2007

Background.—Borderline personality disorder (BPD) may be disproportionately common in the migraine patient population, but specific migraine features in the BPD subgroup remain incompletely characterized.Purpose.—To define more clearly the clinical characteristics of migraine patients with BPD, to evaluate their clinical response to aggressive headache management, and to assess the sensitivity of an instrument intended to screen for the presence of BPD.Methods.—We evaluated 50 consecutive patients with migraine and previously documented BPD, 50 consecutive patients with migraine of all types and no history of BPD, and 50 patients with migraine and no history of BPD matched to the first group for age, gender, and headache frequency. We assessed a variety of demographic and clinical variables at baseline, and to all patients we administered the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI‐BPD). Patients in Groups 1 and 3 were treated for their headaches via a uniform pharmacologic management program. Treatment outcome was assessed after 6 months.Results.—In this series of migraine patients, coexisting BPD was associated with female gender, more pervasive headache, more migraine‐related disability, a higher prevalence of medication overuse headache, more unscheduled visits for acute migraine treatment, a higher prevalence of active, self‐reported depression, and a lower likelihood of responding to pharmacologic therapy intended for headache management. The MSI‐BPD was insensitive in detecting BPD.Conclusions.—Migraine patients with coexisting BPD are clinically distinct from the migraine patient population as a whole; in particular, they are more severely affected by their headache disorder and more treatment refractory. Simple screening instruments used to detect BPD may be ineffective in the headache clinic setting.
Application of the ICHD‐II Criteria to the Diagnosis of Primary Chronic Headaches Via a Computerized Structured Record
Authors: Sarchielli Paola , Pedini Mauro , Coppola Francesca , Rossi Cristiana , Baldi Antonio , Corbelli Ilenia , Mancini Maria Luisa , Calabresi Paolo 
Published: January 2007

Background.—The authors recently developed a software program designed to analyze clinical data from patients affected by primary headache. The program is based exclusively on the International Classification of Headache Disorders 2nd edition (ICHD‐II) criteria. This software examines all the diagnoses of primary headaches on the basis of the variables needed to fulfill these mandatory criteria.Methods.—We tested the software, Primary Headaches Analyser 1.0 INT (PHA), by entering and analyzing clinical data from 200 consecutive patients affected by primary chronic headaches and evaluating the corresponding output diagnoses.Results.—The diagnosis of chronic migraine (1.5.1) was obtained in 68 cases (34 %) and that of probable chronic migraine (1.6.5) plus probable medication‐overuse headache (8.2.8) in 46 (23%). Chronic tension‐type headache (2.3) and probable chronic tension‐type headache (2.4.3) plus probable medication‐overuse headache (8.2.8) were diagnosed in 24 (12%) and 2 (1%) patients, respectively. Moreover, 4 and 12 patients, respectively, received both the diagnosis of chronic migraine (1.5.1) plus chronic tension‐type headache (2.3) and of probable migraine (1.6.1) without aura plus chronic tension‐type headache (2.3). In the remaining 44 cases (22%), none of the chronic primary headaches disorders defined by ICHD‐II received an output diagnosis from the program. This was due mainly to the fact that the criteria fulfilled were insufficient for the diagnoses of migraine without (1.1) aura plus chronic migraine or, more infrequently, chronic tension‐type headache.Conclusions.—Our software program permitted diagnoses of chronic migraine, chronic tension‐type or their probable forms (with or without MOH) in 78% of 200 patients with headache 15 or more days per month. In the remaining cases the inability to provide a specific diagnosis may be explained in part by the fact that the criteria for both diagnoses are too stringent and do not accurately reflect variations of the headache pattern in these chronic forms.
Menstrual Tension‐Type Headache: Evidence for Its Existence
Authors: Arjona Antonio , Rubi‐Callejon Jose , Guardado‐Santervas Pedro , Serrano‐Castro Pedro , Olivares Jesus 
Published: January 2007

Objective.—To determine whether menstrual tension‐type headache is a real disorder.Background.—An appendix was included in the second edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders by the International Headache Society. Diagnostic criteria are proposed in this appendix for 2 types of menstrual migraine: pure menstrual migraine without aura and menstrually related migraine without aura. References to menstrual tension‐type headache do not appear in this classification.Methods.—In a neurological outpatient clinic 165 patients were identified in whom headache was related to menstruation and the criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders for menstrual migraine adapted to menstrual tension‐type headache were applied.Results.—Twenty‐one patients met the criteria of menstrual tension‐type headache, 6 for pure menstrual tension‐type headache, and 15 for menstrually related tension‐type headache.Conclusion.—Menstrual tension‐type headache is a real condition that should be recognized in the International Classification of Headache Disorders.
Aging and the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Older American Indians: The Strong Heart Study
Authors: Rhoades Dorothy A. , Welty Thomas K. , Wang Wenyu , Yeh Fawn , Devereux Richard B. , Fabsitz Richard R. , Lee Elisa T. , Howard Barbara V. 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVES: To describe longitudinal changes in the prevalence of major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in aging American Indians.DESIGN: Population‐based ongoing epidemiological study.SETTING: The Strong Heart Study is a study of CVD and its risk factors. Standardized examinations were repeated in 1993 to 1995 and again in 1997 to 1999.PARTICIPANTS: A diverse cohort of 4,549 American Indians aged 45 to 74 at the initial examinations in 1989 to 1991.MEASUREMENTS: Changes in the prevalence of hypertension, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), current smoking, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.RESULTS: The prevalence of hypertension rose rapidly and steadily with aging. A nonsignificant decrease in LDL‐C was seen in men, and men and women initially had rapid increases in the prevalence of low HDL‐C. The prevalence of smoking decreased, but the prevalence of diabetes mellitus continued to rise for men and women.CONCLUSION: Overall, unfavorable changes in CVD risk factors were seen in the aging participants and will likely be reflected in worsening morbidity and mortality.
Community‐Acquired Legionella Pneumonia in Elderly Patients: Characteristics and Outcome
Authors: Sopena Nieves , Pedro‐Botet Luisa , Mateu Lourdes , Tolschinsky Gustavo , Rey‐Joly Celestino , Sabrià Miquel 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVES: To compare the risk factors, clinical and laboratory features, and outcome of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by Legionella pneumophila in elderly (aged ≥65) and younger patients.DESIGN: Prospective enrollment of subjects with retrospective data analysis.SETTING: A 630‐bed tertiary center in Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 158 patients diagnosed with CAP caused by L. pneumophila from 1994 to 2004: 104 younger than 65 and 54 aged 65 and older.MEASUREMENTS: Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data and the outcome of the two groups were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis.RESULTS: Underlying diseases, such as chronic pulmonary diseases, diabetes mellitus, neuromuscular diseases, and heart failure; risk of aspiration; and therapy with corticosteroids were significantly more frequent in patients aged 65 and older. Patients younger than 65 were more likely to be male and have toxic habits (cigarette smoking, alcoholism) and human immunodeficiency virus infection than older patients. Fever, nonrespiratory symptoms (diarrhea and headache), and some laboratory abnormalities (hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration <130 mmol/L) and high aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine kinase levels) were significantly less frequent in patients aged 65 and older than in younger patients. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in the frequency of higher‐severity risk classes and intensive care unit admission or in outcome (complications and mortality).CONCLUSION: Elderly patients with CAP caused by L. pneumophila had a higher frequency of underlying comorbidities and presented less frequently with fever and classical nonrespiratory symptoms and laboratory abnormalities of Legionnaires' disease than younger patients, although greater severity of illness at onset and higher mortality were not significantly different between the two age groups.
Woolfian Resonances1
Authors: Fernald Anne 
Published: January 2007

This paper forms part of a Literature Compass cluster of articles which examines the current state of Virgina Woolf Studies and aims to provide a snapshot of the field. Urmila Seshagiri (University of Tennessee) and Rishona Zimring (Lewis and Clark College) first provide an introduction for this paper along with Emily Setina's article, “A Camera of Her Own: Woolf and the Legacy of the Indomitable Mrs. Cameron.” The full text of Anne Fernald's piece then follows.These papers grew out of the 15th Annual International Virginia Woolf Conference (College of Lewis and Clark, Portland, OR, June 9–12, 2005).The full cluster is made up of the following articles:“Introduction: Virginia Woolf and The Art of Exploration,” Urmila Seshagiri and Rishona Zimring, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00393.x“Virginia Woolf's Sense of Adventure,” Maria DiBattista, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00394.x“The Twentieth Part: Virginia Woolf in the British Museum Reading Room,” Benjamin Harvey, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00395.x“‘Street Haunting’: Phantasmagorias of the Modern Imperial Metropolis,” Sara Gerend, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00396.x“Hyde Park Gate News,” Gill Lowe, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00397.x“The Art of ‘Scene‐Making’ in the Charleston Bulletin Supplements,” Claudia Olk, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00398.x“A Camera of Her Own: Woolf and the Legacy of the Indomitable Mrs. Cameron,” Emily Setina, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00399.x“Woolfian Resonances,” Anne Fernald, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00400.x“Early Twentieth‐Century British Women Travellers to Greece: Contextualizing the Example of Virginia Woolf,” Martha Klironomos, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00401.x“‘Others Wanted to Travel’: Woolf and ‘America Herself’,” Thaine Stearns, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00402.x
Ecocriticism in British Romantic Studies
Authors: Hutchings Kevin 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article considers the theory and practice of ecological literary criticism, or “ecocriticism,” in British Romantic studies. Also known as “Romantic ecology” or “green Romanticism,” Romantic ecocriticism examines the ways in which Romantic writers and thinkers participated in and responded to the history of ecological science, environmental ethics, and environmentalist activism. The article begins by offering a general introduction to ecocriticism and its Romantic contexts. Subsequently, in a series of subtitled sections, it investigates the following topics: contemporary scientific discourses on nature; Romantic aesthetics and preservationist practices; Romantic naturalism and “deep ecology”; ecofeminist philosophy and Romantic gender politics; Romanticism and animal welfare; and the vexed relationship between Romantic “ecopoetics” and the politics of nature. The article concludes by examining some of the latest innovations in Romantic ecocriticism, including questions and problems associated with urban ecology, the politics of colonialism, and the concept of nature itself.
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Feedback Modelling of the Functional Corticosterone Response in Rats after Acute Treatment with Escitalopram
Authors: Bundgaard Christoffer , Larsen Frank , Jørgensen Martin , Mørk Arne 
Published: January 2007

Abstract: The objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship of the drug‐induced corticosterone response after administration of escitalopram in rats. To achieve this, a mechanistic feedback turnover model mimicking the acute mechanism of action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors was assessed. Conscious and freely moving rats received constant rate infusions of 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg escitalopram or vehicle over 60 min. Automated serial blood sampling was conducted to determine escitalopram and corticosterone concentrations. The PK/PD model consisted of a turnover model of escitalopram‐evoked changes in response, which included an inhibitory feedback moderator function. Accordingly, response acted linearly on the production (ktol) of the moderator, which acted inversely on the production (kin) of response. The escitalopram plasma kinetics served as input to an inhibitory function acting on the loss (kout) of response. The corticosterone responses were successfully described using the model by fitting responses from all doses simultaneously resulting in estimation of drug parameters (Imax,IC50andn) in addition to system parameters (kin,koutandktol) for the whole exposure range. Thus, the applicability of the model for analysis of the acute selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor‐induced corticosterone response including acute auto‐inhibitory feedback was demonstrated.
Protective Effect of Mentha piperita against Arsenic‐Induced Toxicity in Liver of Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Sharma Ambika , Sharma Mukesh Kumar , Kumar Madhu 
Published: January 2007

Abstract:  The protective role of leaves of Mentha piperita Linn (Mint) was studied in adult Swiss albino mice against arsenic‐induced hepatopathy. The animals were divided into four groups. Group I: only vehicle (0.9% NaCl) was administered. Group II: the animals received Mentha leaf extract (1 g/kg body weight per day) orally for 30 days. Group III: animals were treated with sodium arsenite (4 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally in 0.9% NaCl. Group IV: animals were given Mentha extract for 10 consecutive days prior to sodium arsenite treatment and continuously for 30 days after sodium arsenite treatment. The animals from the above groups were killed at various time‐points, and body weight and liver weight were measured. The biochemical estimation of lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in liver and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) in serum were done. In the arsenic‐treated group there was a significant increase in ACP, ALP, SGOT, SGPT and LPO content, whereas a significant decrease was recorded in body weight, liver weight, GSH and LDH activity in liver. Pre‐ and post‐treatment of Mentha with arsenic significantly alters the biochemical parameters in liver. A significant decline in ACP, ALP, SGOT, SGPT and LPO content was observed. However, a significant increase in body weight, liver weight, GSH content and LDH activity in liver was estimated. The results indicate that the Mentha extract may be useful in reducing the side effects of arsenic‐induced hepatopathy.
Orally Administered Melatonin Improves Nocturnal Rest in Young and Old Ringdoves (Streptopelia risoria)
Authors: Paredes Sergio D. , Terrón Ma Pilar , Valero Vicente , Barriga Carmen , Reiter Russel J. , Rodríguez Ana B. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract:  Melatonin possesses chronobiotic properties, which affects sleep/wake rhythms. We investigated a 7‐day administration of melatonin (0.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg body weight) on the activity/rest rhythms of a diurnal animal (the ringdove, Streptopelia risoria), aged 2–3 (young) and 10–12 (old) years, and its possible relationship with the serum levels of melatonin and serotonin. Total nocturnal and diurnal activity pulses were logged at basal, during, and up to 7 days after the treatments. The animals received 0.1 ml of melatonin orally 1 hr before lights off. The results showed that the administration of whichever melatonin dose decreased both diurnal and nocturnal old ringdove activity, the reduction being larger at night. The young animals also reduced their nocturnal activity with all three melatonin concentrations, whereas their diurnal activity only decreased with the 2.5 and 5 mg/kg body weight treatments. We chose those treatments that gave the best results in terms of nocturnal rest and the least affected diurnal activity (0.25 mg/kg body weight and 2.5 mg/kg in the young and old animals, respectively). Serum melatonin was measured by radioimmunoassay and serotonin by ELISA. In both age groups, the treatment increased both nocturnal and diurnal melatonin levels, with the effect continuing until 1 day after the last dose. Serum serotonin levels were unaffected by the treatments in either age group. The treatment restored the amplitude of the serum melatonin rhythm in the old animals to that of the young group. In summary, treatment with melatonin may be appropriate to improve nocturnal rest, and beneficial as a therapy for sleep disorders.