bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selectivity differences between alkyl and polar‐modified alkyl phases in reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Jing Lin‐Lin , Jiang Ru , Liu Peng , Wang Ping‐An , Shi Tian‐Yao , Sun Xiao‐Li 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCompared to conventional C18 phases, polar‐modified phases have distinct differences with regards to chromatographic behavior. In the present study, ODS phases and polar‐modified phases were synthesized. The columns containing these new packings demonstrated satisfactory stability under both acidic (pH 1.5) and basic (pH 10) conditions. We evaluated the selectivity differences between alkyl and polar‐modified alkyl RP columns by using a range of neutral analytes. The polar‐modified alkyl phases showed excellent peak shapes for almost all compounds. We also compared the selectivity differences between them for separating nucleotides by using 100% aqueous mobile phase and tricyclic antidepressants in the intermediate pH mobile phases. The results demonstrated that polar‐modified phases display a significantly reduced hydrophobic nature and a significantly reduced silanol activity compared to the conventional C18 phases.
Simultaneous determination of pyrethroids from pesticide residues in porcine muscle and pasteurized milk using GC
Authors: Khay Sathya , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Choi Jeong‐Heui , Shin Eun‐Ho , Shin Ho‐Chul , Kim Jin‐Suk , Chang Byung‐Joon , Lee Chi‐Ho , Shin Sung‐Chul , Jeong Ji Yoon , Shim Jae‐Han 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe principal goal of this work was to develop an efficient method for the simultaneous determination of four pyrethroid (PYR) insecticides, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin, in porcine muscle and pasteurized milk using liquid–liquid extraction (LLE). Sample extraction was carried out with and without additional column cleanup procedures, and the final determination was made using GC with electron‐capture detector (ECD). The pesticide identity was confirmed using GC‐MS in the SIM mode. Since there were minor differences between the extraction procedures, extraction without the additional cleanup procedure was used throughout the work. The method was validated by fortifying blank samples with half, two, and four times the maximum residue limit (MRL) of each PYR. The average recoveries (n = 6) ranged from 83.5 to 99.2% and 82.9 to 109% in porcine muscle and pasteurized milk, respectively. The repeatability of measurements expressed as RSDs, was in the range of 1.7–11.9 and 1.5–10.3% in porcine muscle and pasteurized milk, respectively. The LODs ranged from 3.3 to 9 and 3 to 8.1 ppm, whereas the LOQs ranged from 10 to 27.4 and 9 to 24.6 ppm, in porcine muscle and pasteurized milk, respectively. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by analyzing real samples collected from major cities in the Republic of Korea. No residues of the selected pesticides were detected in any of the samples.
Effects of early nightmares on the development of sleep disturbances in motor vehicle accident victims
Authors: Kobayashi Ihori , Sledjeski Eve M. , Spoonster Eileen , Fallon William F. , Delahanty Douglas L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe present study prospectively examined the extent to which trauma‐related nightmares affected the subsequent development of insomnia symptoms in 314 motor vehicle accident (MVA) victims. Participants were assessed in‐hospital and at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year post‐MVA. Hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that 6‐week PTSD symptoms (PTSS) and 3‐month nightmares, but not 2‐week nightmares were positively associated with sleep onset and maintenance problems reported at 3‐month post‐MVA. Nightmares reported at 3‐months post‐MVA were positively associated with 1‐year sleep maintenance problems. These findings highlight the dynamic relationship between PTSS and sleep problems as well as the potential importance of early intervention for trauma‐related nightmares as a means to prevent sleep problems after a traumatic experience.
Low cortisol, high DHEA, and high levels of stimulated TNF‐α, and IL‐6 in women with PTSD
Authors: Gill Jessica , Vythilingam Meena , Page Gayle G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and immune function alterations; however, few studies have simultaneously investigated these systems in participants with PTSD. In this study, HPA axis and immune function in 26 women with PTSD with and without major depressive disorder was compared to 24 traumatized controls and to 21 nontraumatized controls. Posttraumatic stress disorder was associated with low cortisol and higher levels of DHEA and greater production of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) compared to traumatized and healthy controls. Women with PTSD and depression exhibited greater production of IL‐6 and higher levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) than those with PTSD, but without depression. These findings suggest dysregulated HPA axis and immune function in women with PTSD, and that comorbid depression may contribute to these abnormalities.
Early intervention for trauma: Where are we and where do we need to go? A commentary
Authors: Litz Brett T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this commentary, the author underscores the importance of early intervention for trauma and describes the challenges that lie ahead for researchers, decision makers, and care providers. The author also provides a review of where things stand, briefly reviews psychological first aid strategies, and underscores where we need to go from here. Although the field has advanced considerably in the last decade or so, and there are compelling trials underway, there is much work that needs to be done, especially in terms of effectiveness and the task of integrating early intervention into various work cultures, such as the military.
Using evidence to inform clinical practice shortly after traumatic events
Authors: Bisson Jonathan I. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDespite ongoing gaps in our knowledge, there is now considerable research evidence available to inform clinical decisions and treatment plans shortly after traumatic events. The author uses two fictional cases to illustrate an evidence‐based approach to clinical management following traumatic events. The importance of fully assessing individuals and tailoring management plans to address their specific needs optimally is highlighted by considering two distinct, but familiar types of presentation.
PTSD symptoms, forgiveness, and revenge among Israeli Palestinian and Jewish adolescents
Authors: Hamama‐Raz Yaira , Solomon Zahava , Cohen Assaf , Laufer Avital 
Published: December 2008

AbstractExposure to political terror and its psychological toll were assessed in 276 Israeli Palestinian and 1,469 Jewish adolescents using self‐report questionnaires. Israeli Palestinians displayed more posttraumatic symptoms, higher levels of objective exposure to terror, more negative life events, lower ability to forgive, and a higher need for vengeance than their Jewish counterparts. Although the two groups did not differ in fear levels, Israeli Palestinians expressed more favorable attitudes toward peace. Ethnicity played a major role in explaining the variance of posttraumatic symptomatology. Israeli Palestinians displayed increased vulnerability to mental distress when compared to their Jewish counterparts. The unique roles of subjective fear, attitudes towards peace, forgiveness, and revenge among Israeli Palestinians are discussed.
Impact of lignite washery sludge on mine soil quality and poplar trees growth
Authors: Dželetović Ž. S. , Filipović R. M. , Stojanović D. Dj. , Lazarević M. M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper outlines research on the use of lignite washery sludge as the amendment for reclamation of lignite mine soil and stimulating poplar trees growth. Sludge is characterized by high total C content (∼34%) and high C/N ratio (68:1). The sludge was introduced by ploughing in, down to 20–25 cm depth, in the quantities: 0, 28, 56 and 112 t ha−1. We have established that the N percentage in poplar leaves decreases with introducing increasing quantities of sludge into the mine soil. On the other hand, the content of B and Cd increased with increasing sludge quantities. The As content in poplar leaves did not correlate with the applied quantities of sludge, but it did with the P, Fe and Zn content in the leaves. Introducing this sludge can have a positive effect on annual tree trunk increment, but only in the subsequent phases of growth. In the first few years an increase of total C content by introducing lignite washery sludge is not sufficient to provide the conditions for faster growth of trees. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accumulation and composition of total organic carbon in reclaimed coal mine lands
Authors: Ganjegunte G. K. , Wick A. F. , Stahl P. D. , Vance G. F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractReclaimed coal mine lands have the potential to sequester atmospheric carbon (C); however, limited information exists for the western USA coalfields. This study was carried out on two chronosequences (BA‐C3 grasses and DJ‐shrubs) of reclaimed sites at two surface coal mines to determine the effects of vegetation, soil texture, and lignin content on soil total organic carbon (TOC) accumulations. In the BA chronosequence, TOC increased over 26 years at an average rate of 0·52 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in the 0–30 cm depth and was significantly correlated with clay content. Comparison between < 1 and 16‐year‐old stockpile soils indicated TOC content did not differ significantly. In the DJ chronosequence, TOC content in the 0–30 cm depth declined from 31·3 Mg ha−1 in 5‐year‐old soils to 23·4 Mg ha−1 in 16‐year‐old soils. The C:N ratios suggested that some (up to 2·0 per cent) of the TOC was potentially derived from coal particles in these reclaimed soils. Soil total N (TN) contents followed a similar trend as TOC with TOC and TN concentrations strongly correlated. Lignin contents in TOC of all reclaimed soils and topsoil stockpiles (TSs) were higher than that of nearby undisturbed soils, indicating the recalcitrant nature of TOC in reclaimed soils and/or possibly the slow recovery of lignin degrading organism. Results indicated that TOC accumulations in DJ were largely controlled by its composition, particular lignin content. In BA sites TOC accumulation was strongly influenced by both clay and lignin contents. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stimuli‐Responsive Polymersomes as Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery
Authors: Onaca Ozana , Enea Ramona , Hughes David W. , Meier Wolfgang 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPolymeric formulations (micelles, vesicles etc.) have emerged as versatile drug carriers due to their increased stability, site specificity, blood circulation resistance and thus overall potential therapeutic effects compared to liposomes. Furthermore, stimuli‐responsive systems have been developed whose properties change after applying certain external triggers. Polymersomes are mainly composed of amphiphilic block copolymers that are held together in water due to strong physical interactions between the insoluble hydrophobic blocks, thus forming a bilayer morphology or, in the case of triblock copolymers, a bilayer‐like morphology. Formation and destabilization of these assemblies is a consequence of external stimuli (temperature, pH, oxidation/reduction conditions etc.). This review focuses on recent developments concerning stimuli‐ responsive polymersomes made of amphiphilic block copolymers and their potential applications within the biomedical field.magnified image
Preparation and Properties of Cyclodextrin/PNIPAm Microgels
Authors: Liu Yu‐Yang , Yu Yu , Tian Wei , Sun Le , Fan Xiao‐Dong 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA two‐stage precipitation polymerization in aqueous solution was used to prepare β‐cyclodextrin/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (β‐CD/PNIPAm) core–shell microgels. At the first stage, core microgels with CD moieties were synthesized by precipitation copolymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) with a monovinyl β‐CD monomer. At the second stage, using the core particles as seeds, PNIPAm shell were further added onto the seeds by NIPAm polymerization. The microgels were characterized by means of Zetasizer Nano‐ZS dynamic light scattering, TEM, IR, NMR, DSC, and TGA measurements. Using paeonol as a model drug molecule, the release behaviors of the microgels were investigated. The result indicates that the core–shell microgels could respond to change in temperature. Furthermore, the release of paeonol was related to supramolecular inclusion behavior of β‐CD and temperature sensitivity of PNIPAm.magnified image
Hybrid Multicomponent Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Jia Xinqiao , Kiick Kristi L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractArtificial ECMs that not only closely mimic the hybrid nature of the natural ECM but also provide tunable material properties and enhanced biological functions are attractive candidates for tissue engineering applications. This review summarizes recent advances in developing multicomponent hybrid hydrogels by integrating modular and heterogeneous building blocks into well‐defined, multifunctional hydrogel composites. The individual building blocks can be chemically, morphologically, and functionally diverse, and the hybridization can occur at molecular level or microscopic scale. The modular nature of the designs, combined with the potential synergistic effects of the hybrid systems, has resulted in novel hydrogel matrices with robust structure and defined functions.magnified image
Melt Mixing of Ethylene/Butyl Acrylate/Glycidyl Methacrylate Terpolymers with LDPE and PET
Authors: Benhamida Aida , Kaci Mustapha , Cimmino Sossio , Silvestre Clara , Duraccio Donatella 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe chemical modification by melt‐mixing of an EBAGMA terpolymer with LDPE and PET was investigated with the aim to use these EBAGMA/LDPE and EBAGMA/PET blends (in equal weight quantities) as compatibilizer master batches to improve the compatibility of the LDPE/PET system. It is shown that when the EBAGMA terpolymer is melt blended with LDPE, almost 40% of the initial amount of EBAGMA is linked to the LDPE backbone. In contrast, in the case of EBAGMA/PET, FT‐IR spectra indicate the total reactivity between the two components through the reaction of the epoxy group of EBAGMA with the PET terminal groups. SEM analysis shows that both master batches present two well‐interconnected phases.magnified image
Fourier algebras on locally compact hypergroups
Authors: Bami M. Lashkarizadeh , Pourgholamhossein M. , Samea H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn the present paper we introduce a new definition for the Fourier spaceA(K) of a locally compact Hausdorff hypergroupKand prove that it is a Banach subspace ofB(K). This definition coincides with that of Amini and Medghalchi in the case whereKis a tensor hypergroup, and also with that of Vrem which is given only for compact hypergroups. We prove thatAp(K)* =PMq(K), whereqis the exponent conjugate top, in particularA(K)* =VN(K). Also we show that for Pontryagin hypergroups,A(K) =L2(K) *L2(K) =F(L1($ \hat K $)), whereFstands for the Fourier transform on$ \hat K $. Furthermore there is an equivalent norm onA(K) which makesA(K) into a Banach algebra isomorphic withL1($ \hat K $). (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Parabolic Littlewood–Paley operators
Authors: Xue Qingying , Ding Yong , Yabuta Kôzô 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this paper, weak (1,1) and Lp estimates for the parabolic Littlewood–Paley operators on some homogeneous spaces are established, which are extensions of known results. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A note on Schatten‐class membership of Hankel operators with antiholomorphic symbols on generalized Fock‐spaces
Authors: Schneider Georg 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this paper we investigate Hankel operators with anti‐holomorphic L2‐symbols on generalized Fock spaces Am2 in one complex dimension. The investigation of the mentioned operators was started in [4] and [3]. Here, we show that a Hankel operator with anti‐holomorphic L2‐symbol is in the Schatten‐class Sp if and only if the symbol is a polynomial with degree N satisfying 2N < m and p > . The result has been proved independently before in the recent work [2], which also considers the case of several complex variables. However, in addition to providing a different proof for the result the present work shows that the methodology developed in [4] and [3] can be adopted in order to work to characterize Schatten‐class membership. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microwave‐Sensitive Foamable Poly(ionic liquids) Bearing tert‐Butyl Ester Groups: Influence of Counterions on the Ester Pyrolysis
Authors: Amajjahe Sadik , Ritter Helmut 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSeveral poly(ionic liquids) have been synthesized based on poly(1‐vinyl‐3‐tert‐butoxycarbonylmethylene imidazolium) salts with different counterions to investigate the tert‐butyl ester pyrolysis of these compounds. It is found that the counterions strongly influence the temperature of the pyrolysis. The pyrolysis temperature shifts to higher or lower temperatures depending on the nature of the counterions. The use of microwave irradiation was employed to accelerate the gas release because of the high dipolar interaction of amorphous salts with microwaves. The result of these reactions is the formation of organic foams that could be of industrial interest.magnified image
Polyaniline Fan‐Like Architectures of Rectangular Sub‐Microtubes Synthesized in Dilute Inorganic Acid Solution
Authors: Zhou Chuanqiang , Han Jie , Guo Rong 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRectangular‐tube‐based fan‐like polyaniline has been readily fabricated by the oxidation polymerization of low‐concentration aniline in dilute HCl aqueous solution for the first time. Different from the conventional polymerization that proceeds in concentrated acidic solution (to produce nanofibers), this synthesis was conducted in dilute inorganic acid solution at room temperature and created polyaniline hierarchical fan‐like architectures. The morphological evolution of the product has been followed with respect to the reaction time, based on which conceivable interpretations of the formation of rectangular tubes and their assembly into fan‐like architectures are given. Other inorganic acids (HNO3, H2SO4, and H3PO4) with low concentrations have been used to replace HCl in the reaction system to validate the adaptability of this approach in this report.magnified image
Effect of Added Homopolymer on the Hexagonal Phase Formed by Cylindrical Block Copolymer Micelles in a Selective Solvent
Authors: Abbas Sayeed , Cowman Christina D. , Lodge Timothy P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effect of addition of A homopolymer chains to HEX phases formed by cylindrical micelles obtained by dissolving an AB diblock copolymers in an A selective solvent was investigated. The following general trends were observed: (i) order–order transitions from HEX → Gyroid (G) → Lamellae (LAM); (ii) the inter‐cylinder spacing of the HEX phase increased; (iii) when the homopolymer molecular weight and concentration was high, macrophase separation of the system occurred. The A homopolymer chains do not mix significantly with the A domain of the diblock due to excluded volume interactions, causing the corona chain brush to contract. As a result, order–order transitions that reduce the interfacial curvature are observed.magnified image
Catalytic Polymerizations of Hydrophobic, Substituted, Acetylene Monomers in an Aqueous Medium by Using a Monomer/Hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex
Authors: Ding Lei , Jiao Xuefeng , Deng Jianping , Zhao Weiguo , Yang Wantai 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTen hydrophobic, substituted, acetylene monomers were examined as to their abilities to form an inclusion complex with hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HPCD). Only the monomers with suitable substitutents were found to form the monomer/HPCD complex, which was identified by NMR, FTIR, and UV‐vis spectroscopy. Polymerizations of the monomers were successfully carried out in aqueous solution by using the prepared monomer/HPCD inclusion complex and by using a water‐soluble Rh‐based catalyst, [Rh(cod)2BF4] or [Rh(nbd)(H2O)OTs]. Such polymerizations provided high‐yield (>90%) polymers with a cis content of approximately 100%. The as‐prepared polymers could take an ordered helical conformation, just like their counterparts obtained in organic solvents.magnified image
In situ Synthesis of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Thermally Responsive Alginate‐Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Semi‐Interpenetrating Polymer Networks
Authors: Hernández Rebeca , Mijangos Carmen 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA novel semi‐interpenetrating polymer network based on alginate and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAAm) has been synthesized that shows response to temperature and magnetic fields. Highly homogeneous porous hydrogels are obtained by copolymerizing N‐isopropylacrylamide and bis‐acrylamide in the presence of an aqueous alginate solution. The synthesis of magnetic iron oxides by in‐situ oxidation of iron cations coordinated to the alginate network results in a hydrogel with an enhanced deswelling rate with respect to pure PNiPAAm.magnified image
Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies on Conformational Change of Polymer Chains at Interface
Authors: Zhang Guangzhao , Wu Chi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe conformation of polymers at interface profoundly influences the interfacial properties. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D) is a newly developed technique to detect polymer behavior at interface in real time. In this article, we mainly review our QCM‐D studies. Our focus is on temperature induced collapse and swelling of tethered polymer chains, pancake‐to‐brush transition and mushroom‐to‐brush of polymer chains.magnified image
Orientation of Syndiotactic Polystyrene Crystallized in Cylindrical Nanopores
Authors: Wu Hui , Wang Wei , Huang Yan , Su Zhaohui 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSyndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) nanorods with different diameters have been prepared by using anodic aluminum oxide templates, and the orientation of the sPS crystals in the nanorods has been investigated by FT‐IR spectroscopy. It is found that the c axis of the β′ crystals preferentially oriented perpendicular to the axis of the nanorod, and the degree of orientation is lower as the diameter of the nanorod decreases. This unexpected result is attributed to nuclei formed at the surface of the nanopores and their subsequent growth, in addition to the preferential growth compatible with the pore direction by the nuclei formed in the bulk film and in the nanorods.magnified image
Monte‐Carlo Method for Simulations of Ring Polymers in the Melt
Authors: Vettorel Thomas , Reigh Shang Yik , Yoon Do Y. , Kremer Kurt 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA detailed analysis of the efficiency of a Monte‐Carlo (MC) method employing non‐local moves for simple lattice ring polymers is presented. While the introduction of kink‐translocation moves for linear chains results in the expected speedup by a factor of the order of the number of sites, this is significantly reduced for a melt of rings.magnified image