bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation on vitamin E concentrations in Greyhounds before and after a race
Authors: Scott Karen C. , Hill Richard C. , Lewis Daniel D. , Boning Alvin J. , Sundstrom Deborah A. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objectives—To determine effect of α-tocopherol
supplementation on serum vitamin E concentrations
in Greyhounds before and after a race.

Animals—8 adult racing Greyhounds.

Procedure—Dogs were given 2 capsules of α-tocopheryl
acetate (total, 680 units [0.5 g]) with food that
contained ≤ 15 mg of vitamin E/kg each morning for 7
days. Dogs were exercised in a 30 × 30-m grass paddock
for 15 minutes twice a day and raced for 500 m
twice a week. Blood samples were collected before
and 5 minutes after a race, before supplementation
was begun, and after 7 days of supplementation.
Blood and diet samples were analyzed for tocopherols
and α-tocopheryl acetate.

Results—Before supplementation, serum α-tocopherol
concentration after racing (mean ± SD,
6.7 ± 2.4 mg/L ) was significantly lower than before
racing (12.2 ± 3.1 mg/L). After supplementation, α-
tocopherol concentrations were significantly higher
overall, although values obtained before (26.6 ± 5.2
mg/L) and after (29.8 ± 3.6 mg/L) racing were not significantly
different.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Supplementation
with α-tocopheryl acetate increased serum
α-tocopherol concentrations and eliminated the
decrease in α-tocopherol concentration that was
detected after a race, which may decrease oxidation
during exercise and improve performance or recovery.
(Am J Vet Res 2001;62:1118–1120)
Results of hyperamplification of centrosomes in naturally developing tumors of dogs
Authors: Setoguchi Asuka , Okuda Masaru , Nishida Etsuko , Yazawa Mitsuhiro , Ishizaka Tomomichi , Hong Sung-Hyeok , Hisasue Masaharu , Nishimura Ryohei , Sasaki Nobuo , Yoshikawa Yasuhiro , Masuda Kenichi , Ohno Koichi , Tsujimoto Hajime 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate results of centrosome hyperamplification in naturally developing tumors of dogs.Sample Population—Tumor specimens from 9 dogs with tumors (rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, and mammary gland tumor) and 2 canine osteosarcoma cell lines.Procedure—3 antibodies for centrosome proteins (ie, anti-γ-tubulin, anti-BRCA1, and anti-pericentrin) were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Double immunostaining for centrosomes was used to confirm the specificity of these antibodies for centrosomes. Mutational analysis of the caninep53gene was carried out by polymerase chain reaction–singlestrand conformation polymorphism analysis, and expression of canine MDM2 protein was evaluated by use of immunohistochemical analysis, using anti- MDM2 antibody.Results—Immunohistochemical analysis of dog osteosarcoma cell lines with apparent aneuploidy revealed frequent hyperamplification of centrosomes in the osteosarcoma cell lines. Similar hyperamplified centrosomes were detected in the tumor tissues from all of the 9 tumors. The frequency of cells with hyperamplified centrosomes (3 to 20/cell) in each tumor tissue ranged from 9.50 to 48.1%, whereas centrosome hyperamplification was not observed in normal lymph nodes from these dogs. In 8 of the 9 tumors, mutation ofp53gene or overexpression of MDM2, or both, was detected.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Various types of naturally developing tumors in dogs often have hyperamplification of centrosomes associated with chromosome instability. Hyperamplification of centrosomes is a novel tumor marker for use in cytologic and histologic examinations of clinical specimens obtained from dogs. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1134–1141)
Evaluation of collagenase activity, matrix metalloproteinase-8, and matrix metalloproteinase-13 in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Raulo Saara M. , Sorsa Timo A. , Kiili Markus T. , Maisi Päivi S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives—To determine collagenase activity and evaluate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and MMP-13 in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Animals—12 horses with COPD and 12 healthy control horses.Procedure—Collagenase activity was determined by use of an assay for degradation of type-I collagen. Western immunoblot analysis was used to identify interstitial collagenases MMP-8 and MMP-13 in tracheal epithelial lining fluid (TELF). Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to determine cellular expression of these 2 collagenases in cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).Results—Collagenase activity was approximately 7 times higher in samples obtained from horses with COPD, compared with control horses. During stabling, horses with COPD had significantly higher collagenase activity than after being maintained on summer pasture, when activity was similar to that of control horses. Immunoreactivity of MMP-8 and MMP-13 was significantly increased in TELF of horses with COPD, compared with healthy horses. In TELF, a positive correlation was detected between immunoreactivity of MMP-8 and MMP-13 and the amount of degradation of type-I collagen. Macrophages and epithelial cells were the major cellular sources of MMP-8 and MMP-13.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Increased collagenase activity in TELF indicates active ongoing disease and, thus, may reflect lung tissue changes in horses with COPD. Measurements of collagenase activity and MMP immunoreactivity may provide additional diagnostic tools to identify the active phase of chronic lung disease. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1142–1148)
Effect of maternal immunity on the immune response to oral vaccination against rabies in young foxes
Authors: Müller Thomas F. , Schuster Peter , Vos Ad C. , Selhorst Thomas , Wenzel Ulf D. , Neubert Andreas M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine effect of maternal antibodies
on immune response to oral vaccination against
rabies in young foxes.

Animals—250 cubs from 48 vixens.

Procedure—Sera were obtained from cubs of 36 vaccinated
(maternally vaccinated [MV+]) and 12 nonvaccinated
(MV–) vixens between 23 and 71 days of age
and tested for neutralizing antibodies. Seventy-one
MV+ cubs and 33 MV–- cubs were vaccinated orally
with modified-live virus vaccine SAD B19. Geometric
mean titer (GMT) was determined in these cubs
approximately 21, 39, and 57 days after vaccination.
In a subsequent experiment, 10 vaccinated MV+ cubs,
6 vaccinated MV– cubs, and 6 control cubs were challenge
inoculated with virulent rabies virus approximately
100 days after vaccination.

Results—Serum GMT of nonvaccinated MV– cubs
(0.23 U/ml) was significantly greater than that of nonvaccinated
MV– cubs (0.15 U/ml). The GMT of vaccinated
MV+ cubs 21, 39, and 57 days after vaccination
were 2.85, 2.11, and 0.79 U/ml, respectively, and
were significantly less than those of vaccinated MV–
cubs (12.19, 6.76, and 4.02 U/ml, respectively). All
challenge-inoculated cubs with GMT < 0.5 U/ml succumbed
to rabies.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Partially
impaired immune response in cubs < 8 weeks old
from vaccinated vixens causes insufficient protection
against rabies. Inhibition of the immune response persists
longer than the period during which maternal
antibodies are detectable. Thus, oral vaccination campaigns
for young foxes in areas where vaccination
has been performed need to be reconsidered. (Am J
Vet Res 2001;62:1154–1158)
Efficacy of computerized discrimination between structure-related and non–structure–related echoes in ultrasonographic images for the quantitative evaluation of the structural integrity of superficial digital flexor tendons in horses
Authors: van Schie Hans T.M. , Bakker Erwin M. , Jonker A. Mieke , van Weeren P. Rene 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate effectiveness of computerized discrimination between structure-related and non–structure-related echoes in ultrasonographic images for quantitative evaluation of tendon structural integrity in horses.Sample Population—4 superficial digital flexor tendons (2 damaged tendons, 2 normal tendons).Procedure—Transverse ultrasonographic images that precisely matched histologic sections were obtained in fixed steps along the long axis of each tendon. Distribution, intensity, and delineation of structurerelated echoes, quantitatively expressed as the correlation ratio and steadiness ratio , were compared with histologic findings in tissue that was normal or had necrosis, early granulation, late granulation, early fibrosis, or inferior repair.Results—In normal tendon, the even distribution of structure-related echoes with high intensity and sharp delineation yielded high correlation ratio and steadiness ratio. In areas of necrosis, collapsed endotendon septa yielded solid but blurred structure-related echoes (high correlation ration and low steadiness ratio). In early granulation tissue, complete lack of organization caused zero values for both ratios. In late granulation tissue, reorganization and swollen endotendon septa yielded poorly delineated structurerelated echoes (high correlation ratio, low steadiness ratio). In early fibrosis, rearrangement of bundles resulted in normal correlation ration and slightly low steadiness ratio. In inferior repair, the almost complete lack of structural reorganization resulted in heterogeneous poorly delineated low-intensity echoes (low correlation ratio and steadiness ratio).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The combination of correlation ratio and steadiness ratio accurately reflects histopathologic findings, making computerized correlation of ultrasonographic images an efficient tool for quantitative evaluation of tendon structural integrity. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1159–1166)
Evaluation of hoof wall surface temperature as an index of digital vascular perfusion during the prodromal and acute phases of carbohydrate-induced laminitis in horses
Authors: Hood David M. , Wagner Ilka P. , Brumbaugh Gordon W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the use of hoof wall surface temperature (HWST) as an indirect indicator of digital perfusion and to describe HWST patterns during the prodromal and acute phases of carbohydrate-induced laminitis in horses.Animals—30 adult horses without foot abnormalities.Procedures—Three experiments were performed. In the first, HWST was measured in 2 groups of horses acclimatized to hot (n = 6), or cold (6) environments and exposed to cold (15 C) ambient temperature. In the second experiment, HWST were measured in both forefeet of 6 horses before and after application of a tourniquet to 1 forefoot to induce vascular occlusion. In the third experiment, HWST were recorded in 12 horses before and during the prodromal and acute phases of carbohydrate-induced laminitis.Results—Mean HWST of hot-acclimatized cold-challenged horses was significantly less than that of cold-acclimatized cold-challenged horses at all times. Transient episodes of high HWST were observed during prolonged cold-induced vasoconstriction. Hoof wall surface temperature significantly decreased during arterial occlusion and increased during reperfusion. Digital hypothermia was observed during the prodromal phase of carbohydrate-induced laminitis.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Determination of HWST is a valid technique to evaluate digital perfusion under appropriate controlled conditions in horses. Digital hypothermia detected during the prodromal phase of laminitis is consistent with decreased digital vascular perfusion or metabolic activity. If administered to horses during the prodromal phase, agents that enhance digital perfusion may prevent development of laminitis. (Am J Vet Res2001; 62:1167–1172)
Treadmill study of the range of back movement at the walk in horses without back pain
Authors: Licka Theresia F. , Peham Christian , Zohmann Elisabeth 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate back movement during walking in horses.Animals—22 adult horses with no history or signs of back pain.Procedure—3-dimensional movements of markers on the hooves, head, and back were measured with a motion analysis system while the horses were walking on a treadmill. The positions of markers on the hooves, head, and the skin above the spinous processes of T5, T10, T16, L3, and 2 sacral vertebrae were recorded. From a minimum of 6 walking motion cycles/horse, marker movement and the time of occurrence of minimum and maximum marker positions within the motion cycle were determined. Angles were calculated between the markers on the head, T16, and S4 or S5 and between the markers on T5, T16, and S4 or S5.Results—Lateral back movement was maximal at L3, where it reached (mean ± SD) 3.5 ± 0.8% of the horses' height at the withers. Maximum dorsoventral back movement was found at the sacrum, where it reached 4.7 ± 1.3% of the height at the withers. In the horizontal plane, the angle between T5, T16, and S4 or S5 was altered by 11 ± 2.5° during the motion cycle. In the sagittal plane, the angle between the head, T16, and S4 or S5 was altered by 7 ± 3°.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study may be used as basic kinematic reference data for evaluation of back movement in horses. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1173–1179)
Seasonal changes in serum calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D concentrations in llamas and alpacas
Authors: Smith Bradford B. , Van Saun Robert J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the interaction of season and age on serum calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D3concentrations in llamas and alpacas.Animals—23 clinically normal llamas and 7 alpacas.Procedures—Animals were assigned to 1 of the 3 following groups on the basis of age at the start of the study: adult (age, ≥ 24 months; n = 8), yearling (> 12 but < 20 months; 5), and neonate (< 6 months; 17). Twelve serum samples were obtained at monthly intervals. Calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D3concentrations were measured, and the calcium-to-phosphorus concentration (Ca:P) ratio calculated. Effect of season and age on each of these variables was determined.Results—Vitamin D3concentrations varied significantly as a function of season; the highest and lowest concentrations were detected September through October and February through March, respectively. The seasonal decrease in vitamin D3 concentration was significantly greater in neonates and yearlings, compared with adults. Serum phosphorus concentration decreased as a function of age, with the most significant seasonal change detected in the neonate group. The Ca:P ratio in neonates varied between 1.1 and 1.3 except during winter months when it increased to ≥ 2.0.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Mean vitamin D3 concentration varied by > 6 fold in neonatal and yearling llamas and alpacas and > 3 fold in adult animals as a function of season. These results support the hypothesis that seasonal alterations in vitamin D3 concentrations are a key factor in the development of hypophosphatemic rickets in llamas and alpacas. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1187–1193)
Rapid infection in market-weight swine following exposure to a Salmonella Typhimurium-contaminated environment
Authors: Hurd H. Scott , Gailey Jared K. , McKean James D. , Rostagno Marcos H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the possibility of swine becoming infected withSalmonellaTyphimurium when housed for 2 to 6 hours in an environment contaminated withSalmonella, similar to a lairage situation prior to slaughter.Animals—40 crossbred market pigs with an approximate body weight of 92 kg.Procedure—Five trials were conducted (8 pigs/trial) in simulated lairage conditions. Superficial inguinal, ileocecal, and mandibular lymph nodes, cecal contents, distal portion of the ileum, and fecal samples were obtained from each pig after 2 (n = 10), 3 (10), and 6 (5) hours of exposure to an environment contaminated with feces defecated by 10 pigs intranasally inoculated with nalidixic acid-resistantSalmonellaTyphimurium (χ4232). In addition, 5 control pigs that were not exposed were also evaluated in the same manner.Results—Feces deposited on the floor by intranasally inoculated swine were mixed with water to form slurry with a resulting load of approximately 103colonyforming units ofSalmonellaTyphimurium/g of material. Eight of 10, 6 of 10, and 6 of 6 pigs exposed to the slurry for 2, 3, or 6 hours, respectively, had positive results for at least 1 sample when tested for the specific strain ofSalmonellaTyphimurium.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Pigs can become infected during routine resting or holding periods during marketing when exposed to relatively low amounts ofSalmonellaorganisms in the preslaughter environment. Intervention at this step of the production process may have a major impact on the safety of pork products. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1194–1197)
Long-term temporal evaluation of ground reaction forces during development of experimentally induced osteoarthritis in dogs
Authors: Budsberg Steven C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe changes in vertical ground reaction forces (GRF) over 48 months in dogs with osteoarthritis (OA) of the stifle joint induced by transection of a cranial cruciate ligament (CCL).Animals—12 clinically normal adult dogs.Procedure—Vertical GRF (eg, peak force and impulse) were determined prior to and 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, and 12 months after transection of the right CCL. In 7 dogs, data were also collected 24, 32, 38, 42, and 48 months after transection.Results—Vertical peak force and impulse were significantly decreased in the right hind limb at all times after transection, compared with baseline values. From 10 through 48 months after transection, vertical GRF remained essentially static. Ground reaction forces in the unoperated (left) hind limb also changed significantly during the study. Left vertical impulse significantly increased 3 months after transection, whereas at 24, 38, 42, and 48 months after transection, left vertical peak force was significantly decreased, compared with the baseline value .Mean intradog coefficients of variation (CV) for peak vertical force and impulse ranged from 7.38 and 9.32, respectively, 1 month after transection to 1.96 and 2.76, respectively, at 42 months.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Vertical GRF in the affected hind limb equilibrated approximately 10 months after CCL transection. Prior to this, force transmission across the affected stifle joint changed significantly over time. Intradog CV were small, indicating that GRF may be an appropriate outcome measurement for evaluation of OA development induced by CCL transection in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1207–1211)
Expression of a transforming gene (E5) of bovine papillomavirus in sarcoids obtained from horses
Authors: Carr Elizabeth A. , Théon Alain P. , Madewell Bruce R. , Hitchcock Margaret E. , Schlegel Richard , Schiller John T. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine expression of a transforming
gene (E5) of bovine papillomavirus in sarcoids,
other tumors, and normal skin samples collected
from horses with and without sarcoids.

Sample Population—23 sarcoids and 6 samples of
normal skin obtained from 16 horses with sarcoids, 2
samples of normal skin and 2 papillomas obtained
from horses without sarcoids, and 1 papilloma
obtained from a cow.

Procedure—Protein was extracted from tissue samples
collected from horses and incubated with
agarose beads covalently coupled to Staphylococcus
aureus protein A and an anti-E5 polyclonal antibody.
Following incubation, proteins were eluted from the
beads and electrophoresed on a 14% polyacrylamide
gel and transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride
membrane. The E5 protein was detected by use of
western blot analysis, using a chemiluminescence
detection system.

Results—All 23 sarcoids had positive results for
expression of E5 protein. Quantity of viral protein
appeared to vary among sarcoids. All other tissues
examined had negative results for E5 protein. Highest
expression for E5 protein was observed in biologically
aggressive fibroblastic variants of sarcoids, compared
with expression in quiescent tumors.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—This study
documented that activation and expression of the E5
gene is evident in sarcoids obtained from horses.
These data support the conclusion that infection with
bovine papillomavirus is important in the initiation or
progression of sarcoids in horses. Treatment strategies
designed to increase immune recognition of
virally infected cells are warranted. (Am J Vet Res
2001;62:1212–1217)
Effects of dexamethasone on emesis in cats sedated with xylazine hydrochloride
Authors: Ho Chiu-Ming , Ho Shung-Tai , Wang Jhi-Joung , Lee Tak-Yu , Chai Chok-Yung 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine antiemetic efficacy of prophylactic administration of dexamethasone and its influence on sedation in cats sedated with xylazine hydrochloride.Animals—6 healthy adult cats (3 males and 3 females).Procedure—The prophylactic antiemetic effect of 4 doses of dexamethasone (1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg of body weight, IM) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (0.066 ml/kg, IM) administered 1 hour before administration of xylazine (0.66 mg/kg, IM) was evaluated. Cats initially were given saline treatment (day 0) and were given sequentially increasing doses of xylazine on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. After xylazine injection, all cats were observed for 30 minutes to allow assessment of frequency of emesis and time until onset of the first emetic episode. The influence of dexamethasone on xylazine-induced sedation in these cats also was evaluated.Results—Prior treatment with 4 or 8 mg/kg of dexamethasone significantly reduced the frequency of emetic episodes and also significantly prolonged the time until onset of the first emetic episode after xylazine injection. Time until onset of the first emetic episode also was significantly prolonged for dexamethasone at a dose of 2 mg/kg. Time until onset of sedation after administration of xylazine was not altered by administration of dexamethasone.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dexamethasone (4 or 8 mg/kg, IM) significantly decreased the frequency of emetic episodes induced by xylazine without compromising sedative effects in cats. Dexamethasone may be used prophylactically as an antiemetic in cats treated with xylazine. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1218–1221)
Evaluation of monoclonal antibodies for identification of subpopulations of myeloid cells in bone marrow obtained from dogs
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate monoclonal antibodies that
may be useful for immunophenotyping myeloid cells
in bone marrow of dogs.

Sample Population—Bone marrow specimens
obtained from 5 dogs.

Design—Specimens were labeled with monoclonal
antibodies that detected CD18, major histocompatability
antigen class-II (MHC class-II), CD14, and Thy-1.
Cells labeled with each of the antibodies were isolated
by use of a fluorescence-activated cell sorter.
Differential cell counts of sorted cells were used to
determine cells that were labeled by each of the various
antibodies.

Results—Myeloid cells labeled with anti-CD18 antibody
included granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes-
macrophages. Immature and mature granulocytes
were labeled. Lymphocytes, monocytesmacrophages,
and eosinophils were labeled with anti-Thy-1 antibody. Cells labeled with anti-MHC-class II
antibody included approximately 9% of bone marrow
cells, which consisted almost exclusively of lymphocytes
and monocytes-macrophages. Approximately
4% of bone marrow cells were labeled with anti-CD14 antibody, with > 90% of sorted cells being
monocytes-macrophages.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Four monoclonal
antibodies for use in detecting subpopulations
of canine bone marrow cells were evaluated. These
antibodies should be useful in differentiating the origin
of leukemic cells in dogs. (Am J Vet Res 2001;62:1229–1233)