bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Çatal Hüyük West
Authors: Mellaart James 
Published: January 2007

To the west of Çatal Hüyük and directly across the old river bed lies the second mound, occupied after the desertion of the neolithic site, perhaps from c. 5600 B.C. Roughly circular in size, with a diameter of c. 400 m., it still rises to a height of 7·5 m. above the surrounding fields. A modern road and two of the canals which now take the place of the old river, cut into its sides, but like its sister site, it is not under cultivation.This mound, the successor of the neolithic city, is strewn with painted pottery of the Early Chalcolithic period, some of which was published before. Its range of occupation would seem to be almost entirely of this period, but it is possible that Late Neolithic levels exist further down in the mound. Some surface sherds even suggest a possible occupation in what D. H. French has called “Middle Chalcolithic” at Can Hasan, some fifty miles to the south-east, but situated in the same plain of Konya.
Agricultural Resources and Settlement in the Aşvan Region
Authors: Hillman Gordon 
Published: January 2007

Following Wagstaff's paper on physical geography and settlements, a brief expansion of the discussion of distribution of agricultural resources is in place. This topic provides the necessary background for studies conducted in the village itself as well as for the following paper on “Agricultural productivity and past population potential at Aşvan”.My object here is firstly, to outline the spatial distribution of major land resources (this is achieved via Figs. 1 and 2), secondly to discuss a few of the factors which appear to have conditioned this distribution and, thirdly, to outline some problems involved in the location of ancient settlements relative to these land resources. Few conclusions can, however, be drawn until we have more data on sedimentation history (and thence ancient distribution of soils) in the region.
Architectural Study
Authors: Hall Gerald , McBride Sam , Riddell Alwyn 
Published: January 2007

Within the Aşvan Project we are concerned with the examination of the presentday architecture of the region, and utilizing this as a basic framework of reference, to investigate any areas of relevance, implication and relationship it may have to the stated objectives of the project.As much of our work to date has been of a preliminary and exploratory nature, with our collected data still at a very basic and fragmented level, we have had to limit this paper to a very general synopsis of the various aspects of our work within the project.Our paper consists of four main sections:1. Outline of conceptual and methodological approach.2. General appraisal of architecture within the region.3. Preliminary appraisal of Aşvan village.4. Summary of archaeological relevance.The project objectives are concerned with the investigation of Man's activities, with particular reference to subsistence economy systems within the Aşvan region.
Three New Inscriptions from Ayasören
Authors: Lane Eugene N. 
Published: January 2007

The three inscriptions published here were all shown to me on 7th August, 1969, in the course of a brief visit to the village of Ayasören, near Kula, Turkey. To my knowledge, all three are previously unpublished.1. A grave-stele now built into the pavement of the courtyard behind the house of Mustafa Koyuncu, on the right of the road that leads out of the village in the direction opposite that of the road from Kula (Plate VIa).Dimensions: height, 1·22 m.; width at bottom, 0·47 m.; letters, 0·025 m.; thickness undeterminable.Since the stone is now in a position where it is constantly being walked on, the letters are faint, and it was necessary to rub them with charcoal and then splash water on the surface in order to get a photograph.The pediment of the stele bears a circular decoration in the centre, and a leaf-like decoration in each lower corner.
Inscriptiones Comanis Cappadociae in A.D. 1967 Effossae: Titulorum Loci Supplementum
Authors: Harper Richard P. 
Published: January 2007

The inscriptions published here were recorded during the excavation at Şar, Comana Cappadociae, conducted jointly for the Ankara Archaeological Museum and the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara by Mrs. İnci Bayburtluoğlu and the writer in August, 1967. A report of the excavation appeared in AS. XVIII, 1968, p. 149 ff.The numerical sequence of the inscriptions continues that of “Tituli Comanorum Cappadociae” (AS. XVIII, 1968, p. 93 ff.) Again I give measurements, figures made from contact drawings of squeezes and photographs. Dimensions are in centimetres, width before height before depth.3,08. Found outside the north side of the Kırık Kilise. Part of the top of a round limestone altar, centre hollow, 40 × 25 × 20. Top surrounded with a wreath of leaves. Inscription worn, broken left, 23 × 7; letters 2; possible traces of two more lines. Photograph Pl. Ia.
Some evidence for syntactic stress in Hittite
Authors: Durnford S.P.B. 
Published: January 2007

In Anatolian Studies, Vol. XIII, 1963, there appeared I. McNeill's “The Metre of the Hittite Epic”, known here as MHE. Some implications of MHE are explored below with regard to sentence stress in Hittite.In MHE Mr. McNeill shows that the Hittite Song of Ullikummi has a stress-based metre, and that it is built up of verses, each with four stresses and divided into two equal cola. This system accords with those of the Mesopotamian antecedents of the Hittite epic-mythological genre. MHE's prime interest is in the parallels between the Hittite and the Homeric epic forms, and in particular in the use made by each of set formulae such as are suited to oral composition.A large part of MHE explores the variations found in the Hittite formulae. A basic formula is exemplified by Aas siunas memiskiwan dais “Ea began to speak to the gods”. Each word is stressed, and the clause fills a whole verse.
The Second Inscription on Mount Sipylus
Authors: Güterbock Hans G. , Alexander Robert L. 
Published: January 2007

The two authors of this brief note together made a tour of Hittite monuments in Turkey in the summer of 1978. RLA arrived in İzmir from abroad a few days earlier than HGG, who was detained in İstanbul by other obligations. While waiting for him, RLA revisited the Karabel and Mt. Sipylus and thus was the first of us to notice the inscription. Since it had not been mentioned in recent years and neither of us had seen it on previous visits to the site we believed that this was a discovery. In fact it is a rediscovery, as we learned from David Hawkins, who reminded us (in correspondence) of the fact that it is included in L. Messerschmidt, CIH 1–2 (MVAG 5, 1900, 4–5 ) as Pl. XXXVIII no. 3. Messerschmidt's source was an article by Eduard Gollob published in 1882.About three metres to the right of the recess containing the well-known seated goddess, a smaller, partly worked niche contains a large boss (Pl. IXa, arrow). Although the boss has suffered a major fracture, which perhaps led to its abandonment for relief sculpture, it has a plain surface on the side toward the goddess (Pl. IXb). The hieroglyphs are inscribed here, approximately on a level with the torso of the goddess (Pl. Xa, b, Fig. 1). The inscription is arranged in two columns; the right column, with four signs, measures 65 cm., the left one consists of three (or four? see below) signs.
Burial Fees in the Lycian Sepulchral Inscriptions
Authors: Bryce T. R. 
Published: January 2007

The Greek inscriptions of Lycia frequently indicate specific monetary penalties to be imposed upon any person guilty of tomb violation, and a parallel has often been drawn with certain of the indigenous inscriptions which also contain specific monetary sums, expressed as various multiples of the ada. The passages in which ada occurs have generally been thought to indicate penalties directed against wrongful use of a tomb. But this assumption is open to several serious objections, and can now perhaps be discarded in favour of a rather different interpretation, which may cast a new light on the function and purpose of the texts in question.As a general rule, ada is found in a number of short, self-contained statements at the end of the sepulchral inscriptions.
The Chronology of Alalakh Level VII once again
Authors: Na'aman Nadav 
Published: January 2007

In an article published in Anatolian Studies XXVI (1976), I have questioned the accepted chronology of level VII in Alalakh, suggesting that four rather than two kings reigned in Alalakh during the period covered by the level VII archive. In the meantime two important works, bearing directly on the subject, have been published by Dr. Dominique Collon. The first is an enlargement of her thesis on the Alalakh seal impressions, including a detailed discussion of the seal impressions as well as of the overall problem of the archive and its inner division into generations (SITA, pp. 143–161). This most welcome contribution to the subject at hand adds much to our understanding of the chronology of level VII, although some of her points might be interpreted in a different way, as I hope to show below.In her book Dr. Collon accepted the chronological system suggested by the CAH, according to which there were only two kings in Alalakh during the period of level VII. She again summarized her results in Anatolian Studies XXVII (1977), rejecting my suggested reconstruction of the chronology of the kings as well as of the generations in Alalakh.
Diogenes of Oenoanda, New Fragments 122–124
Authors: Smith Martin Ferguson 
Published: January 2007

The first fragments of the Epicurean inscription of Diogenes of Oenoanda were discovered by M. Holleaux and P. Paris one hundred years ago, in December 1884, and it is particularly satisfying to be able to mark the centenary of this significant event by publishing three new fragments of Diogenes' work.The fragments were discovered by members of a British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara team, which spent two weeks at Oenoanda in the summer of 1983 (17th–31st August) carrying forward the epigraphical and topographical survey of the site begun in 1974–7 and continued in 1981.The members of the team were A. S. Hall (Director), J. J. Coulton, A. Farrington and R. R. R. Smith. The representative of the Turkish Government was Bay İbrahim Malkoç. A heavy debt of gratitude is owed, and warmly acknowledged, to the Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in Ankara, from which the permit was derived.
The Byzantine Fortifications of Amastris in Paphlagonia
Authors: Crow James , Hill Stephen 
Published: January 2007

This article is chiefly concerned with the chronology of the Byzantine fortifications of Amastris, which are the subject of current research by the authors, but, in order to set the settlement at Amasra and its fortifications into their context in the Black Sea area, the present study must commence with a brief account of some aspects of the monuments and history of the city in the Hellenistic and Classical periods.The present Turkish town of Amasra on the south coast of the Black Sea (Fig. 1; Pl. XXXVIIa) occupies the site of the ancient city of Amastris which has a long history extending as least as far back as the period of Milesian colonisation in the Black Sea zone from the seventh century B.C. Like the more famous city of Sinope to the east, the settlement at Amasra stood on the isthmus of a peninsula projecting into the Black Sea. At Amasra the isthmus leads to the upstanding promontory rock, Zindan Kalesi (Dungeon Castle) on which part of the Byzantine fortification stands, and which protects the east harbour. The whole site is further protected by the closely adjacent island of Boz Tepe which encloses the northern side of the west harbour. The site was doubtless chosen for settlement because of its good natural harbours which, as will be seen, have been of central importance throughout the history of Amasra.
Amorium Excavations 1990: The Third Preliminary Report
Authors: Harrison et al R. M. 
Published: January 2007

This was the third season of excavation at Amorium in east Phrygia, and the team worked for four weeks, from 1 August 1990. The archaeological aim was to study social change and development from the Hellenistic period to the Medieval, in particular the Late Roman period and so-called Dark Ages. We completed a detailed survey in the Upper Town, worked in three trenches (two of them initiated last year [L and AB] in the Upper and Lower Town, and one which was new [the Church] in the Lower Town), and further study was made of pottery and small finds. This is a new archaeological subject in this period in central Anatolia, and the first stage is to sort out the pottery, small finds, two or three buildings, levels, and chronology. The next stage will be to study the faunal, botanical, and other samples.In the Roman period the town lay at the eastern end of the province of Asia. It was probably fairly small, consisting of the Upper Town and part of the Lower (the area of the modern village). Nonetheless, Amorium was mentioned in classical texts and has produced Hellenistic and provincial-Roman coins, Phrygian marble sculpture and architecture, inscriptions, non-local pottery, and a Roman carnelian intaglio.
Pre-Urartian and Urartian Pottery from the Muş Region
Authors: French D. H. , Summers G. D. 
Published: January 2007

The pottery discussed here was collected by C. A. Burney during his survey in 1956 and in 1965. We would like to express our thanks to Charles Burney for valuable discussion and for encouraging publication of the material. We have also profited from discussion with Drs. Ayşe Gürsan-Salzman, Mitchell Rothman, and A. G. Sagona. The opinions expressed are, however, our own. Richard Bayliss prepared the illustrations.The material from Tepeköy has not previously been published. Some of the other sherds appear in Russell's study (1980) and this has been indicated in the catalogue. All the sherds are stored in the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, each clearly marked.
The Roman-Period Necropolis of Ariassos, Pisidia
Authors: Cormack Sarah H. 
Published: January 2007

New evidence of Roman tomb architecture from the necropolis at Ariassos in Pisidia demonstrates distinctive features of funerary architecture in the east. Over fifty built tombs are in different states of preservation, allowing identification of some features paralleled at other sites in Pisidia, while some features seem unique to Ariassos itself. The similarity of form of one elaborate tomb to the western podium temple reflects the influence of Roman religious architecture, while other tombs reflect features grown out of indigenous Anatolian traditions.Ariassos was founded in the Hellenistic period, and is locatedc.50 km. north of the modern city of Antalya. It minted coins in the late Hellenistic period and contains buildings of Hellenistic date, including a prytaneion, bouleuterion and small temple. The majority of the ruins at the site, however, date to the Imperial period, including an extensive nymphaeum and bath complex, a triple arched gateway dating to the third century A.D., and a substantial domestic area. The site was visited in the 1880s by the Austrian team headed by K. Lanckoronski, who thought that the ruins were those of the site of Cretopolis. A few years later the site was correctly identified by a French epigraphical expedition headed by V. Bérard. The Pisidian Survey project, under British directorship, completed a new city plan, focusing attention on Ariassos after years of neglect. [See Fig. 1.]
Water mills in the area of Sagalassos: a disappearing ancient technology
Authors: Donners K. , Waelkens M. , Deckers J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAs water mills are quickly disappearing throughout Turkey, it is becoming very difficult to collect information about this type of ancient technology. By means of an ethno-archaeological study carried out in the territory of ancient Sagalassos (Pisidia), the very limited remains of 15 water mills were recorded. Following the recent introduction of electric mills, water mills have lost their previous importance and today some of the mill houses are used as stables or shelters. Interviews with local people provided some information about the capacity of the mills and about the kind of grain that was ground in them. All the mills under discussion belong to the ‘ordinary’ horizontal-wheeled type of water mill. This type may have originated in or near Turkey during the Hellenistic period. A literary and archaeological study concerning the various types of mills showed that the type found near Sagalassos was best suited to local circumstances. Tax records confirm the presence of water mills in the area during early Ottoman times.
Pisidia Survey Project: Melli 2000
Authors: Vandeput Lutgarde , Köse Veli 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe third survey campaign of the Pisidia Survey Project at Melli took place in September 2000. Work on the remains of the small, semi-circular theatre completed the study of the monumental city centre and allowed the suggestion of a roughly Severan construction date. In addition, the remains of the early Christian period in the ancient city and in its north necropolis area were recorded, proving that older pagan buildings were partially re-used to build them and that several basilicas had a number of construction phases. A continuation of the study of the remains in the domestic areas of the city allowed a reconstruction of their organisation and showed that richer and poorer houses occupied the same quarters. Finally, work on the monumental temple tombs in the north necropolis was also completed. In general, it has become clear that the city flourished from the Hellenistic period throughout Roman times and into the early Christian period.
Avoiding predators at night: antipredator strategies in red‐tailed sportive lemurs (Lepilemur ruficaudatus)
Authors: Fichtel Claudia 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAlthough about one‐third of all primate species are nocturnal, their antipredator behavior has rarely been studied directly. Crypsis and a solitary lifestyle have traditionally been considered to be the main adaptive antipredator strategies of nocturnal primates. However, a number of recent studies have revealed that nocturnal primates are not as cryptic and solitary as previously suggested. Thus, the antipredator strategies available for diurnal primates that rely on early detection and warning of approaching predators may also be available to nocturnal species. In order to shed additional light on the antipredator strategies of nocturnal primates, I studied pair‐living red‐tailed sportive lemurs (Lepilemur ruficaudatus) in Western Madagascar. In an experimental field study I exposed adult sportive lemurs that lived in pairs and had offspring to playbacks of vocalizations of their main aerial and terrestrial predators, as well as to their own mobbing calls (barks) given in response to disturbances at their tree holes. I documented the subjects' immediate behavioral responses, including alarm calls, during the first minute following a playback. The sportive lemurs did not give alarm calls in response to predator call playbacks or to playbacks with barks. Other behavioral responses, such as gaze and escape directions, corresponded to the hunting strategies of the two classes of predators, suggesting that the corresponding vocalizations were correctly categorized. In response to barks, they scanned the ground and fled. Because barks do not indicate any specific threats, they are presumably general alarm calls. Thus, sportive lemurs do not rely on early warning of acoustically simulated predators; rather, they show adaptive escape strategies and use general alarm calls that are primarily directed toward the predator but may also serve to warn kin and pair‐partners. Am. J. Primatol. 69:611–624, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postnatal development of noradrenergic terminals in the rat trigeminal motor nucleus: A light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical analysis
Authors: Min Ming‐Yuan , Hsu Pei‐Cheng , Lu Hsin‐Wei , Lin Chia‐Jin , Yang Hsiu‐Wen 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe noradrenergic (NA) innervation in the trigeminal motor nucleus (Vmot) of postnatal and adult rats was examined by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry using antibodies against dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase or tyrosine hydroxylase. NA fibers were identified in the Vmot as early as the day of birth (postnatal day 0; P0). A continuous increase in the density of labeled fibers was observed during development up to P20, with a slight decrease at P30 and in the adult. Electron microscopic analysis of serial ultrathin sections revealed that, at P5, nearly half (46%) of the examined NA terminals made synaptic contact with other neuronal elements with membrane specializations. The percentage of examined NA varicosities engaged in synaptic contacts increased at P15 (74%), then decreased in the adult (64%). At all developmental ages, the majority of contacts made by these boutons were symmetrical, the postsynaptic elements being mainly dendrites and occasionally somata. Interestingly, some of the NA terminals made axo‐axon contacts with other unidentified boutons. These results show that, although the density of NA fibers increases during postnatal development, functional NA boutons are present in the Vmot at early postnatal ages. Some of these fibers might exert their effects via nonsynaptic release of noradrenaline, the so‐called volume transmission, but, in the main, they form conventional synaptic contacts with dendrites, somata, and other axonal terminals in the Vmot. These results are consistent with previous electrophysiological studies that propose an important role for the NA system in modulating mastication. Anat Rec, 290:96–107, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glial influence on nerve fiber formation from rat ventral mesencephalic organotypic tissue cultures
Authors: Berglöf Elisabet , Bjerkén Sara Af , Strömberg Ingrid 
Published: January 2007

AbstractRat fetal ventral mesencephalic organotypic cultures have demonstrated two morphologically different dopamine nerve fiber growth patterns, in which the initial nerve fibers are formed in the absence of astrocytes and the second wave is guided by astrocytes. In this study, the presence of subpopulations of dopamine neurons, other neuronal populations, and glial cells was determined. We used “roller‐drum” organotypic cultures, and the results revealed that β‐tubulin‐positive/tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐negative nerve fibers were present as early as 1 day in vitro (DIV). A similar growth pattern produced by TH‐positive neurons was present from 2 DIV. These neurites grew to reach distances over 4 mm and over time appeared to be degenerating. Thin, vimentin‐positive processes were found among these nerve fibers. As the first growth was retracted, a second outgrowth was initiated and formed on migrating astrocytes. TH‐ and aldehyde dehydrogenase‐1 (ALDH1)‐positive nerve fibers formed both the nonglia‐associated and the glia‐associated outgrowth. In cultures with membrane inserts, only the glia‐associated outgrowth was found. Vimentin‐positive cells preceded migration of NG2‐positive oligodendrocytes and Iba‐1‐positive microglia. Oligodendrocytes appeared not to be involved in guiding neuritic growth, but microglia was absent over areas dense with TH‐positive neurons. In conclusion, in “roller‐drum” cultures, nerve fibers are generally formed in two sequences. The early‐formed nerve fibers grow in the presence of thin, vimentin‐positive processes. The second nerve fiber outgrowth is formed on astroglia, with no correlation to the presence of oligodendrocytes or microglia. ALDH1‐positive nerve fibers, presumably derived from A9 dopamine neurons, participate in formation of both sequences of outgrowth. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:431–442, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.