bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing and implementing a synchronized multi‐university cover crops course
Authors: Basche Andrea , Renner Karen A. , Haramoto Erin R. , Menalled Uriel D. , Wortman Sam E. , Park Dara , Smith Richard G. , Baas Dean G. , Tully Katherine L. , Ryan Matthew R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe increasing attention around cover crops in US agriculture to address many sustainability challenges necessitates targeted educational approaches to support future agriculture professionals. This article describes the process by which a team of educators, with different areas of expertise and from different regions, collaborated to design and implement a multi‐university, semester‐long, hybrid course titled “Cover Crops in Agroecosystems.” Course development occurred over 2 years during which the format, learning outcomes, as well as synchronized topics and activities were discussed, negotiated, and finalized. The course consisted of weekly pre‐recorded lecture videos, in‐person labs, and remote synchronous multi‐site meetings. An end‐of‐semester survey administered at six universities in fall 2022 found that students valued the multi‐regional dimension of the course, including learning from different instructors and interacting with students from other institutions. The survey also found broad student agreement that learning objectives were achieved, particularly around topics of cover crop agronomy and management. The team's experience with course development highlights how designing and implementing a multi‐university course where students report a quality learning experience is achievable. However, course execution ultimately required considerable effort, more than 2 years of planning, as well as ongoing team discussions and modifications that did not significantly reduce the time needed to prepare a more traditional individual instructor‐led course. Course execution also required considerable flexibility in decision‐making that aligned with different university constraints, instructor styles, and student needs. This effort and flexibility resulted in a quality student experience on a topic area of importance for advancing sustainable agriculture.
75 Years of women representation in Afghanistan: Looking back to look forward
Authors: Mosamim Parwiz , Villeneuve Jean‐Patrick 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article analyzes barriers and facilitators to Afghan women's representation in the last 75 years, from Zahir Shah (1933–1973) to Ashraf Ghani (2014–2021) and now under the Taliban (2021–…). We conducted a qualitative analysis using administrative documents and related academic contributions from each period to address this topic. The analysis shows that the representation of women in Afghanistan's public administration (PA) has been limited and passive in terms of both numbers and impacts. Historically, Afghanistan's PA has remained a mostly patriarchal system, where prejudice and gender‐based discrimination are a reality in government organizational structures. Our findings show that socio‐economic and political realities have contributed to gender inequality and the underrepresentation of Afghan women in PA. These realities include international invasions, conflicts, frequent regime changes, and cultural elements, which encompass a strong traditional culture, specific religious and patriarchal mindsets, and an overall lack of attention to gender issues. Results also reveal that over the past 75 years, women have not been actively involved in the development and decision‐making processes in the country. As a result, Afghanistan has never experienced a representative PA that mirrors the demographical groups of society, notably women. This study indicates that the interests of Afghan women have mostly been ignored in the policy‐making process and that issues of diversity and gender equality in PA were not on the agenda of the different Afghan regimes.
Enhancing damage resistance in tubular triaxial hybrid braided composites: Innovative production and tensile modulus prediction with damage analysis
Authors: Ghamkhar Ghazal , Johari Majid Safar , Bodaghi Mahdi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBraided composite structures, characterized by their inherent brittleness, necessitate precise damage prediction and prevention to ensure structural integrity/reliability. This study introduces an innovative method for enhancing damage resistance in tubular triaxial hybrid braided composites. These composites employ Epoxy resin as the matrix, with polyester serving as the bias yarn, and glass and basalt as the axial yarns, woven at varying braiding angles. Tensile tests reveal a compelling trend: a reduction in the braiding angle correlates with an increase in the failure load, indicative of quasi‐ductile behavior. A model is also derived for predicting tensile elastic modulus, which demonstrates a strong correlation with experimental results. Furthermore, finite element simulations are utilized to analyze damage within the triaxial hybrid braided composite specimens, providing empirical confirmation of progressive damage occurrence. This research offers a promising avenue for designing/manufacturing advanced composite materials with superior damage‐resistance holding immense potential across a spectrum of engineering applications.Highlights
The tubular triaxial hybrid braided composites were produced by Epoxy resin as the matrix, with polyester as the bias yarn, and glass and basalt as the axial yarns at different braiding angles.
An innovative method was introduced for enhancing damage resistance in tubular triaxial hybrid braided composites.
The effect of operating parameters (braiding angle, type of bias yarns, production method) was investigated.
Was tried to predict tensile modulus values in tubular triaxial hybrid braided composites by finite element simulation and developed equations.
Finite element simulation exhibited excellent performance in the prediction of tensile behavior of structures manufactured by the innovative method.
Synergistic effect of positive temperature coefficient and thermally conductive micro‐nano fillers on electrical and thermal properties of epoxy resin
Authors: Rahman Taqi ur , Chen Xiangrong , Zhang Tianyin , Wang Qilong , Yin Kai , Awais Muhammad , Paramane Ashish 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) fillers, i.e., barium strontium titanate (BST‐60) and nano hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) fillers, on thermal and dielectric insulation properties of epoxy (EP). The electrical resistivity, DC breakdown strength, space charge, thermal conductivity, thermogravimetric analysis, and glass transition temperature (Tg) of EP composites were measured. Results indicate that, below curie temperature, the EP composites containing 0.5 and 1 wt% of BST and 5 wt% of h‐BN have superior electrical resistivity, breakdown strength, and thermal conductivity. However, above curie temperature, the EP composites containing 2 and 2.5 wt% of BST and 5 wt% of h‐BN have superior insulation properties than the pure EP and other composites. While the thermal properties of EP improve with an increase in h‐BN loading to 10 wt%, its dielectric properties are slightly compromised due to the presence of tiny defects in the composite material. It is hypothesized that the BST‐60 suppresses the negative temperature coefficient effect (NTC) of EP by regulating the electrical resistivity above the curie point, whereas nano h‐BN enhances the thermal conductivity of EP by constructing a heat dissipation path. The proposed mechanism for charge dynamics along with heat conduction‐dissipation explains the fillers' behavior at different temperatures.Highlights
Analysis of epoxy composites with polydopamine‐modified BST and h‐BN fillers.
PTC fillers are used to mitigate the negative temperature effect of epoxy.
Optimal fillers wt% improves dielectric and thermal properties.
This study shows that optimized epoxy composites can be used for packaging.
Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome, large cystic hygroma, and cleft palate: Rare and severe fetal presentations of RYR1‐ and NEB‐related congenital myopathies
Authors: Jackson Molly , Thomas Mary Ann , Suchet Ian , Mahallati Houman , Kuret Verena , Lauzon Julie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCongenital myopathies are a genetically heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders that commonly present with congenital hypotonia and weakness but can also present broadly. The most severe presentation is neonatal with arthrogryposis and, rarely, fetal akinesia and pterygia, features also seen in lethal multiple pterygium syndrome (LMPS). We describe two fetuses with similar phenotype, including hydrops fetalis, large cystic hygromas, bilateral talipes, and fetal akinesia in the second trimester. Genetic diagnoses were made using exome sequencing. Both fetuses had a severe form of congenital myopathy. In the first fetus, we identified two novel compound heterozygous likely pathogenic variants consistent with autosomal recessive RYR1‐related congenital myopathy (congenital myopathy 1B). In the second fetus, we identified two likely pathogenic variants, one of which is novel, likely in trans consistent with a diagnosis of autosomal recessive NEB‐related congenital myopathy. Reaching a genetic diagnosis for these fetuses allowed the families to receive accurate genetic counseling for future pregnancies. These fetuses highlight the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of LMPS, and support a broad approach to genetic testing.
Advance in pediatric spinal cord injury
Authors: Zheng Jian , Nan Guoxin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe incidence rate of spinal cord injury in children is lower than that in adults, accounting for about 5% of all spinal cord injuries. Motor vehicle accidents are the main cause of spinal cord injuries in children. As the spine of children is still in the process of growth and development, the anatomical structure and biomechanics have unique characteristics, and its etiology, injury site, and clinical manifestations are different from those of adults. Misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis can lead to severe spinal deformity and neurological complications. Children and adolescents with spinal cord injuries may suffer from lifelong disability, which will do great harm to children, families, and society. Early magnetic resonance imaging examination can effectively avoid underdiagnosis of spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality and select appropriate treatment. In addition, it is also important to establish a family‐centered rehabilitation model to help the affected children reintegrate into society and achieve the goal of returning to normal life. This article reviews the etiology, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, complications, and treatment of spinal cord injury in children and adolescents.
Antagonistic functions of CTL1 and SUH1 mediate cell wall assembly in Arabidopsis
Authors: Thuy Nguyen Thi , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Hong Suk‐Whan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPlant genomes contain numerous genes encoding chitinase‐like (CTL) proteins, which have a similar protein structure to chitinase belonging to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family but lack the chitinolytic activity to cleave the β‐1,4‐glycosidic bond in chitins, polymers of N‐acetylglucosamine. CTL1 mutations found in rice and Arabidopsis have caused pleiotropic developmental defects, including altered cell wall composition and decreased abiotic stress tolerance, likely due to reduced cellulose content. In this study, we identified suppressor of hot2 1 (suh1) as a genetic suppressor of the ctl1hot2‐1 mutation in Arabidopsis. The mutation in SUH1 restored almost all examined ctl1hot2‐1 defects to nearly wild‐type levels or at least partially. SUH1 encodes a Golgi‐located type II membrane protein with glycosyltransferase (GT) activity, and its mutations lead to a reduction in cellulose content and hypersensitivity to cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors, although to a lesser extent than ctl1hot2‐1 mutation. The SUH1 promoter fused with the GUS reporter gene exhibited GUS activity in interfascicular fibers and xylem in stems; meanwhile, the ctl1hot2‐1 mutation significantly increased this activity. Our findings provide genetic and molecular evidence that the antagonistic activities of CTL1 and SUH1 play an essential role in assembling the cell wall in Arabidopsis.
Toward a person‐centered ethics framework for autonomy in spinal cord injury research and rehabilitation
Authors: Nuechterlein Anna , Olmos Pérez Alexandra , Rossi Fabio , Swift Jody , Townson Andrea , Illes Judy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we explore how the concepts of autonomy and autonomous choice are understood in the context of spinal cord injury in the academic literature, both in reporting on research results and more broadly on outcomes and quality of life. We find inconsistent, framework‐absent portrayals of autonomy as well as an absence of discourse that draws upon ethical constructs and theory. In response, we advance a person‐centered framework for spinal cord injury research that combines both lived experience and a disability ethics approach to fill this gap.
Self‐perceptions of masculinities and testicular cancer: Qualitative explorations
Authors: Dax Victoria , Ftanou Maria , Tran Ben , Lewin Jeremy , Ayton Darshini , Seidler Zac , Wallace Tania , Wiley Joshua F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveMasculinities have been explored in men with testicular cancer (TC), though limited contemporary research is available on traditional masculine norms important to masculine self‐perception. The purpose of this research was to explore the discourse of TC experience in relation to masculine self‐perception.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study was conducted consisting of semi‐structured interviews with 21 men. Men were aged between 31 and 47 (Mage = 35.7). Most men were diagnosed with Stage 1 cancer (66.6%), all men had finished active treatment and time since diagnosis ranged from 17.3 to 71.8 months (M = 47.2). Independent coding was conducted by two researchers and was refined in coding meetings with authors. Themes were developed in a predominantly deductive manner, and analysis of themes was undertaken using a reflexive analysis approach.ResultsTraditional masculine norms showed differing relationships to masculine self‐perception. Two main themes were identified [1] Maintained or enhanced masculine self‐perception and [2] threats to masculine self‐perception. Subthemes demonstrated that maintaining emotional control, strength and ‘winning’ was important to men, and reduced physical competencies (i.e., strength, sexual dysfunction, virility) challenged self‐perception. Strict adherence to traditional norms in response to threatened self‐perception related to psychological distress.ConclusionLeveraging traditionally masculine norms such as physical strength and control and developing flexible adaptations of masculinities should be encouraged with men with TC to retain self‐perception and potentially enable better coping. Masculine self‐perception of gay/bisexual men may centre around sexual functioning, though further research is required.
Cognitive effects of long‐term androgen deprivation therapy in older men with prostate cancer
Authors: Pergolizzi Denise , Flaherty Kathleen R. , Saracino Rebecca M. , Root James C. , Schofield Elizabeth , Cassidy Caroline , Katheria Vani , Patel Sunita K. , Dale William , Nelson Christian J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a common treatment for prostate cancer (PCa), with increasing numbers of men on ADT for longer. Limited evidence suggests ADT impacts cognition. This study addressed gaps in the literature by focusing on older men with PCa and assessing ADT usage longer than 1 year.MethodsThis study of 133 men ≥65 years of age with PCa included two groups: (1) men on ADT for 1–3 years (ADT‐exposed), and (2) a comparison group of men with PCa not on ADT (ADT‐unexposed). Group comparisons on individual neuropsychological test scores are reported, as well as effect sizes (Cohen's d).ResultsHalf (n = 67) of the sample was ADT‐exposed and half (n = 66) were unexposed. The average age was 72 years, most were White, and over 50% had at least secondary education. There were no statistically significant differences between groups by age, race, or education. Unadjusted analyses showed the ADT‐exposed group, compared with the ADT‐unexposed group, performed significantly lower in domains of verbal learning (d = 0.45–0.52, p = 0.01 to <0.01), verbal recall (d = 0.33–0.54, p = 0.06 to <0.01), and possible effects in visuospatial construction (d = 0.33, p = 0.08 to 0.06). When controlling for age and education, similar patterns emerged. The ADT exposed‐group performed significantly lower in domains of verbal learning (d = 0.45–0.52, p = 0.06 to 0.03) and verbal recall (d = 0.33–0.54, p = 0.11 to 0.03), and possible effects in visuospatial construction d = 0.33, p = 0.18 to 0.13.ConclusionsThis study suggests long‐term ADT exposure impacts verbal learning, verbal recall, and possibly visuospatial abilities in older men (≥65) with PCa. The potential cognitive effects of ADT should be discussed with older patients considering long‐term use of ADT.
Adaptable SEC‐SAXS data collection for higher quality structure analysis in solution
Authors: Matsui Tsutomu , Rajkovic Ivan , Mooers Blaine H. M. , Liu Ping , Weiss Thomas M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe two major challenges in synchrotron size‐exclusion chromatography coupled in‐line with small‐angle x‐ray scattering (SEC‐SAXS) experiments are the overlapping peaks in the elution profile and the fouling of radiation‐damaged materials on the walls of the sample cell. In recent years, many post‐experimental analyses techniques have been developed and applied to extract scattering profiles from these problematic SEC‐SAXS data. Here, we present three modes of data collection at the BioSAXS Beamline 4–2 of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL BL4‐2). The first mode, the High‐Resolution mode, enables SEC‐SAXS data collection with excellent sample separation and virtually no additional peak broadening from the UHPLC UV detector to the x‐ray position by taking advantage of the low system dispersion of the UHPLC. The small bed volume of the analytical SEC column minimizes sample dilution in the column and facilitates data collection at higher sample concentrations with excellent sample economy equal to or even less than that of the conventional equilibrium SAXS method. Radiation damage problems during SEC‐SAXS data collection are evaded by additional cleaning of the sample cell after buffer data collection and avoidance of unnecessary exposures through the use of the x‐ray shutter control options, allowing sample data collection with a clean sample cell. Therefore, accurate background subtraction can be performed at a level equivalent to the conventional equilibrium SAXS method without requiring baseline correction, thereby leading to more reliable downstream structural analysis and quicker access to new science. The two other data collection modes, the High‐Throughput mode and the Co‐Flow mode, add agility to the planning and execution of experiments to efficiently achieve the user's scientific objectives at the SSRL BL4‐2.
Biosafety aspects of RNAi‐based pests control
Authors: Chen Yimeng , De Schutter Kristof 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile the overuse of classical chemical pesticides has had a detrimental impact on the environment and human health, the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) offered the opportunity to develop new and sustainable approaches for pest management. RNAi is a naturally occurring regulation and defense mechanism that can be exploited to effectively protect crops by silencing key genes affecting the growth, development, behavior or fecundity of pests. However, as with all technologies, there is a range of potential risks and challenges associated with the application of RNAi, such as dsRNA stability, the potential for off‐target effects, the safety of non‐target organisms, and other application challenges. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in RNAi and in‐depth discussion and analysis of these associated safety risks, is required to limit or mitigate potential adverse effects. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Resistance risk assessment for benzovindiflupyr in Sclerotium rolfsii and transmission of resistance genes among population
Authors: Cui Kaidi , Jiang Chaofan , Sun Longjiang , Wang Mengke , He Leiming , Zhou Lin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSclerotium rolfsii is a destructive soil‐borne fungal pathogen which is distributed worldwide. In previous study, the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide benzovindiflupyr has been identified for its great antifungal activity against Sclerotium rolfsii. This study is aimed to investigate the resistance risk and mechanism of benzovindiflupyr in Sclerotium rolfsii.RESULTSEight stable benzovindiflupyr‐resistant isolates were generated by fungicide adaptation. Although the obtained eight resistant isolates have a stronger pathogenicity than the parental sensitive isolate, they have a fitness penalty in the mycelial growth and sclerotia formation compared to the parental isolate. A positive cross‐resistance existed in the resistant isolates between benzovindiflupyr and thifluzamide, carboxin, boscalid and isopyrazam. Three‐point mutations, including SdhBN180D, SdhCQ68E and SdhDH103Y, were identified in the benzovindiflupyr‐resistant isolates. However, molecular docking analysis indicated that only SdhDH103Y could influence the sensitivity of Sclerotium rolfsii to benzovindiflupyr. After mycelial co‐incubation of resistant isolates and the sensitive isolate, resistance genes may be transmitted to the sensitive isolate. The in vivo efficacy of benzovindiflupyr and thifluzamide against benzovindiflupyr‐resistant isolates was a little lower than that against the sensitive isolate but with no significant difference.CONCLUSIONThe results suggested a low to medium resistance risk of Sclerotium rolfsii to benzovindiflupyr. However, once resistance occurs, it is possible to spread in the population of Sclerotium rolfsii. This study is helpful to understanding the risk and mechanism of resistance to benzovindiflupyr in multinucleate pathogens such as Sclerotium rolfsii. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.