bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Social Trust in Fuels Management Strategies
Authors: Winter Greg , Vogt Christine A. , McCaffrey Sarah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Surveys of homeowners in three different ecosystems with varying fuels management approaches reveal that homeowners' trust in natural resource agencies is significantly associated with perceived risks and benefits and with perceived agency competence. A weaker association between forest value orientation and agency trust is evident. Focus group interviews provide further contextual support that the characteristics of competence, care, and credibility associated with an agency are influential in shaping trust. The correlation between trust and acceptance of each fuels management strategy at each of the study sites suggests that trust-building and trust maintenance should be key goals of agency-citizen interactions.
Explaining Timberland Values in the United States
Authors: Aronow Mary Ellen , Binkley Clark S. , Washburn Courtland L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The financial fortunes of timberland investors ultimately depend on conditions in markets for timberland properties. The behavior of timberland markets, however, is not well understood. In this article, we use data from the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries (NCREIF) Timberland Property Index to develop historical series of timberland property values in the US South and US Pacific Northwest. We then use these historical series to examine the influence of operating revenues and interest rates on timberland values in each region. The former is influential, while the latter is not.
Forest Valuation in New Zealand
Authors: Bigsby Hugh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The characteristics of forestry in New Zealand have provided a particular basis for the development of forest valuation that makes it unique internationally. In particular, forest valuation techniques place an emphasis on the valuation of the forest crop separately from the land that it is growing on. This distinction arises from a number of factors, including the dominance of exotic, plantation-based forest crops grown on relatively short rotations, the Forestry Rights Registration Act of 1983, privatization of government-owned plantation forests in the early 1990s, and the growth of joint-venture-type arrangements between landowners and forestry investors. The use of exotic species grown in plantations and managed under clearfell regimes generally simplifies management decisions to financial rotation criteria, while the latter three factors have led to the importance of determining crop values separate from land. This in turn provides the basis for a range of valuation methods, including cost-based approaches, liquidation value, and net present value, rather than a single valuation approach to be applied to forests or stands depending on their age or age-class structure.
The Impact of Forest Density on Property Values
Authors: Kim Yeon-Su , Wells Aaron 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We applied a simple hedonic price model to determine the benefits of fuel reduction treatments reflected in residential housing values in Flagstaff, Arizona, in hopes of finding a way to address increasing treatment costs. Results show that the fuel reduction treatments that convert high canopy closure would increase property values significantly ($190 per 1,000 m2 per home). The treatments that lower forest density are not only one means to reduce wildfire hazard but also to enhance scenic beauty and improve residential property values.
Projected Urban Growth (2000–2050) and Its Estimated Impact on the US Forest Resource
Authors: Nowak David J. , Walton Jeffrey T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Urban land in the United States is projected to increase from 3.1% in 2000 to 8.1% in 2050, an area of 392,400 km2, which is larger than the state of Montana. By 2050, four states (Rhode Island, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Connecticut) are projected to be more than one-half urban land. The total projected amount of US forestland estimated to be subsumed by urbanization between 2000 and 2050 is about 118,300 km2, an area approximately the size of Pennsylvania. Because of this urban growth, more regional planning and management may be needed to sustain forest products and ecosystem services required by a growing urban population.
Trees in the Small City Retail Business District: Comparing Resident and Visitor Perceptions
Authors: Wolf Kathleen L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Many small cities and towns are located near resource lands, and their central business districts serve both residents and visitors. Such quasi-rural retail centers face competitive challenges from regional shopping malls, online purchasing, and big box discount retailers. District merchants must strategically enhance their market position to prevent outshopping. Streetscape trees are a physical improvement that can be used to attract and welcome consumers. A national survey evaluated public perceptions, patronage behavior intentions, and product willingness-to-pay in relationship to depictions of trees in retail settings. Results suggest that consumer behavior is positively associated with the urban forest on multiple cognitive and behavioral dimensions. Forest amenities of both wildland and built environments can be used to strengthen local economies.
Investments in Fuel Removals to Avoid Forest Fires Result in Substantial Benefits
Authors: Mason C. Larry , Lippke Bruce R. , Zobrist Kevin W. , Bloxton Thomas D. , Ceder Kevin R. , Comnick Jeffrey M. , McCarter James B. , Rogers Heather K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Forest fuel reduction treatments are needed, as shown by the increased number and cost of devastating crown fires in overly dense forests. Although large trees can be removed for valuable products, the market value for the smaller logs may be less than the harvest and hauling charges, resulting in a net cost for thinning operations. However, failure to remove these small logs results in the retention of ladder fuels that support crown fires with destructive impacts to the forest landscape. A cost/benefit analysis broadened to include market and nonmarket considerations indicates that the negative impacts of crown fires are underestimated and that the benefits of government investments in fuel reductions are substantial.
Making the Case for Fire in Southern Illinois Forests
Authors: Ruffner Charles M. , Groninger John W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Fire´s importance in the development and maintenance of oak forests has been well established across much of the eastern deciduous biome. Twentieth century fire suppression has resulted in decreased oak regeneration and portends the loss of keystone species across many landscapes including the Ozark and Shawnee Hills of southern Illinois. Here, cultural burning and harvesting fostered consistent oak recruitment until the 1950s when cutting declined and fires were widely suppressed. Now, many mature oak stands are in jeopardy of being replaced en masse by mesophytic species. We review evidence for fire as an ecosystem process and discuss an emerging strategy for the widespread reintegration of fire management across the midwestern landscape against the backdrop of media-driven public perceptions.
Crime in National Forests: A Call for Research
Authors: Tynon Joanne F. , Chavez Deborah J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The aim of this article is to explain why research focusing on crime and violence on national forests is necessary and overdue. Four questions are offered to frame future research. First, how much crime is occurring on national forests, and how can the effects of crime and violence best be measured? Second, how is crime spatially distributed across national forests? Third, what actions are effective in mitigating crime in a recreation setting and what should we adopt for a successful crime-stopping arsenal? Finally, how do crime and violence affect recreation behavior and decisionmaking?
New Threats to Forest Health Require Quick and Comprehensive Research Response
Authors: Hain Fred 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Exotic pest introductions are a global threat occurring at an unprecedented rate. Comprehensive research programs are required at the onset to prevent the spread of the invasive insects, pathogens or plants, and rehabilitate and restore native habitats and ecosystems. Unfortunately, much of the current research on invasives is piecemeal. Past experiences with exotic and native pests provide some valuable lessons about how we should approach research programs on invasive organisms. The infrastructure required for effectively administering comprehensive research programs is complex. An example is discussed.
Crime Mapping and Spatial Analysis in National Forests
Authors: Wing Michael G. , Tynon Joanne 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We examined the spatial distribution of crime incidents on USDA Forest Service lands using a geographic information system and several spatial analysis techniques. Our primary objective was to examine whether patterns existed in the spatial distribution of crime and to explore the relationship of patterns to other geographic features using the Forest Service and other databases. We analyzed a database containing over 45,000 spatially referenced crimes such as felonies, infractions, and misdemeanors. Other spatial data layers included transportation networks, administrative boundaries, hydrology, elevation, and digital orthophotographs. Results at a regional scale showed crime densities concentrated in forests adjacent to population centers and transportation corridors. Nearest neighbor, quartic kernel density estimation, and quadrat analyses identified crime patterning and hot spots. Our results suggest that managers can use these spatial techniques as decision support tools to better understand the relationship between natural resources and crime.
Has the Myth of the Omnipotent Forester Become the Reality of the Impotent Forester?
Authors: Luckert Martin K. (Marty) 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Almost 40 years ago, Behan's (1966) article (Behan, R.W. 1966. The myth of the omnipotent forester. J. For. 64:398-407) stressed that the role of professional foresters in the United States was not to tell the public how to manage their forests, but to manage according to society's goals. This article considers whether foresters have heeded this advice or neglected it, thereby creating the reality of the impotent forester. Some disturbing trends suggest the latter case may be occurring.Omnipotent: “Having virtually unlimited authority or influence” Impotent: “Lacking in power strength or vigor: helpless” Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1976)
Public Perceptions of Forest Management in North Central Arizona: The Paradox of Demanding More Involvement but Allowing Limits to Legal Action
Authors: Ostergren David M. , Lowe Kimberly A. , Abrams Jesse B. , Ruther Elizabeth J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
National-level forest policy is changing in response to social pressure to “improve forest health.” A particularly fierce public debate surrounds the forest health impacts of administrative appeals, lawsuits, public involvement, and federal agency ability to balance managerial efficiency, ecological health, and social expectations. A self-administered mail survey was conducted in 2003 to assess public opinion on litigation and forest restoration in north central Arizonan communities in the ponderosa pine ecosystem. Although results indicate some support for limits to the right to file suit, appeal, and review environmental decisions, an overwhelming number of respondents indicate a strong desire to be more informed and involved in forest management decisions.
State Government Regulation of Forestry Practices Applied to Nonfederal Forests: Extent and Intensity of Agency Involvement
Authors: Ellefson Paul V. , Kilgore Michael A. , Granskog James E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In 2003, 276 state government agencies regulated forestry practices applied to nonfederal forests. Fifty-four percent of these agencies were moderately to extensively involved in such regulation, and 68% engaged in moderate to extensive regulatory coordination with a state'slead forestry agency. The agencies employed an estimated 1,047 full-time equivalents (FTE) staff, of which nearly one-third was assigned to forest resource management agencies and one-quarter was assigned to air and water pollution control agencies. In 2003, about $57 million was investedby state governments in the regulation of forestry practices. Fifteen states are responsible for 59% of this total and 59% of the FTEs nationwide.
Benefit-Based Audience Segmentation: A Tool for Identifying Nonindustrial Private Forest (NIPF) Owner Education Needs
Authors: Salmon Olivia , Brunson Mark , Kuhns Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Providing relevant forestry education and assistance to nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners is necessary to encourage informed decisionmaking on these lands. To be accepted and implemented on a wide scale, forestry outreach efforts must take into account the diversity ofgoals that NIPF owners have for their land. Benefit-based audience segmentation techniques can be a valuable method of identifying meaningful subgroups of landowners who desire similar outcomes from their forest property and who will respond to similar communication strategies. For this study,we surveyed and interviewed Utah NIPF owners in three counties and identified three audience segments: amenity-focused landowners, multiple-benefit landowners, and passive landowners. After comparing the demographics, forestland characteristics, attitudes toward forest management, and learningpreferences of these three audience segments, we discuss specific approaches for reaching them with forestry information.
Building Consensus for Constructive Action: A Study of Perspectives on Natural Resource Management
Authors: Vogel Jason , Lowham Elizabeth 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the subjective perspectives of participants in natural resource management for the purpose of overcoming gridlock and persistent conflict. Our results indicate that participants share many beliefs about the descriptive aspects of science and the contingency of knowledge. However, substantial and real disagreement persists regarding what roles science, expertise, politics, and values ought to play in the planning process. This study uses two patterns of perspectives derived from case studies, scientific management and adaptive governance as a basis for investigating subjective perspectives. Based on these theoretical perspectives, we developed a Q sort, presented it to respondents, and cluster analyzed their rankings to investigate actual and perceived differences in beliefs. The information about perspectives generated by this study can help managers overcome persistent conflict by identifying issues for consensus building as well as highlighting areas of actual conflict.
Pruning Wounds and Occlusion: A Long-Standing Conundrum in Forestry
Authors: O'Hara Kevin L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The proper method for branch removal is a long-standing question in forestry. If the branch is cut flush with the stem, a larger wound results, but if the branch is cut further from the stem, the resultant clearwood production will be less. Both alternatives have implications for tree health and wood quality. A long, international history of forest pruning research generally indicates that a cut parallel and close to the stem will maximize clearwood production without excessive stem decay. Some exceptions exist for species where potential for stem decay is high. The method recommended in most guidelines for all types of pruning is an outside branch collar approach based primarily on a small number of observational studies. However, maintaining tree health and maximizing clearwood production are not mutually exclusive and a cut close to the stem can meet both objectives. Alternative approaches to branch removal may be useful for other objectives.
The Role for Sustainably Managed Forests in Climate Change Mitigation
Authors: Ruddell Steven , Sampson R. , Smith Matt , Giffen R. , Cathcart James , Hagan John , Sosland Daniel , Godbee John , Heissenbuttel John , Lovett Stephen , Helms John , Price William , Simpson Robert 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The United States has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol, restricting the ability of forests from participating internationally as greenhouse gas (GHG) emission offset projects. As a result, a proliferation of different registry and program rules is occurring in the United States, providing an opportunity for the US forestry community to mitigate GHG emissions. This article addresses the Kyoto Protocol principles of additionality, permanence, and leakage, and challenges the way that these principles are being used to qualify forest offset projects as climate change mitigation measures. Policy initiatives are proposed for challenging policymakers and the forestry community to rethink sustainably managed forest offset project rules as the United States considers GHG emission reduction legislation.
Woody Biomass Energy: An Opportunity for Silviculture on Nonindustrial Private Forestlands in New York
Authors: Munsell John F. , Germain René H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Data collected from recently harvested even-aged New York nonindustrial private forestlands are used to examine some of the challenges and opportunities associated with expanding woody biomass markets in the context of timber management. Assessments of existing harvesting practices on sampled stands indicate that diameter limit and premature cutting are pervasive. Increases in the demand for woody biomass may exacerbate this exploitive harvesting. However, expanding woody bioenergy markets also might help increase the use of silviculture on these forests by providing much needed small-diameter and low-grade markets. Silvicultural simulations indicate that 6.75 oven-dried tons per acre of woody biomass could have been removed, while simultaneously harvesting a sustainable volume of high-quality sawtimber, leaving an appreciable amount of larger and higher-quality stock for future growth, refraining from premature cutting, and regenerating mature forests.
The Effects of Forestland Parcelization and Ownership Transfers on Nonindustrial Private Forestland Forest Stocking in New York
Authors: Germain Rene H. , Anderson Nate , Bevilacqua Eddie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Nonindustrial private forestland (NIPF) owners control a large percentage of the working forest east of the Mississippi River and supply the forest products industry with the majority of its roundwood requirements. Many of these forests are subject to increasingly frequent parcelization and ownership transfers. Such transfers often are associated with liquidation cuts. This study completed forest inventories on a sample of 137 NIPF woodlots to examine the relationship between parcelization and ownership changes and 23 forest stocking and quality variables. The results indicate that organized subdivisions are associated with lower forest stocking and poorer-quality residual stems. We found no relationship between land tenure and forest stocking and quality. Nonparcelized woodlots with long ownership tenure did not differ in forest stocking and quality.
Consumer-Grade Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Receiver Performance
Authors: Wing Michael G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study reports the relative measurement accuracy and reliability of six consumer-grade global positioning system (GPS) receivers that were tested in several distinct forest settings. The settings included open sky, young forest, and closed forest canopy conditions. In addition, the influence of whether a single position measurement is more accurate than the average of 30 or 60 measurements is examined. Significant differences in accuracy existed among the six GPS receivers and forest setting also influenced accuracy and reliability. We also found varying operating characteristics among the GPS receivers. The most accurate consumer-grade GPS receiver had average measurement errors of approximately 2 m or less in open sky conditions, 3 m or less in a young forest setting, and 9 m or less under a closed canopy. The number of averaged positions (1, 30, or 60) was a significant factor for accuracy with only two of the six GPS receivers.
Potential for Future Development on Fire-Prone Lands
Authors: Gude Patricia , Rasker Ray , van den Noort Jeff 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Most studies of wildland fire and residential development have focused on the cost of firefighting and solutions such as fuel reduction and fire-safe home building. Although some studies quantify the number of homes being built near forests, little research has indicated the potential magnitude of the problem in the future. This article presents data illustrating this emerging problem for western communities. Our analysis takes a long view, looking at the potential for more home construction next to public forests and implications for future wildfire fighting costs. In a study of 11 western states, we found that only 14% of the available “wildland interface” in the West is currently developed, leaving great potential for new home construction in the remaining 86%. If just one-half of the wildland interface is developed in the future, annual firefighting costs could escalate to $4.3 billion. By comparison, the Forest Service's annual budget is about $4.5 billion.
Wildfires, Communities, and Agencies: Stakeholders' Perceptions of Postfire Forest Restoration and Rehabilitation
Authors: Ryan Robert L. , Hamin Elisabeth 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
After wildfire, land managers are often called on to undertake complex restoration activities while also managing relations with wildfire-devastated communities. This research investigates the community–US Forest Service agency relations in the postwildfire period in three western US communities. In each community, we interviewed key informant representatives from government, business, environmental organizations, and recreation groups and conducted focus groups to gather input from residents located near burn areas. The goal was to understand how forest restoration and rehabilitation efforts and agency outreach were perceived by stakeholders who were recently affected by wildfire and how these perceptions were related to underlying community and fire conditions. Our findings suggest that four vectors interact to determine the level of expectations and need for agency–community engagement in the postfire period: (1) the extent and characteristics of the fire; (2) community economic, recreational, and emotional connection to the forest; (3) the history of agency–community relations; and (4) the level of volunteerism in the community. We provide a schematic of different types of collaboration relevant to the postfire period in which, generally, residents preferred action-oriented collaboration, while other agency personnel were more amenable to collaborative planning. On-the-ground volunteer restoration activities helped restore community spirit and improve agency–community relations, and increased education and outreach were desirable. The model developed in this research argues for agency responses that consider both the social and the ecological communities when planning postfire restoration projects.