bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathologic findings and outcome in dogs with infective endocarditis: 71 cases (1992–2005)
Authors: Sykes Jane E. , Kittleson Mark D. , Chomel Bruno B. , MacDonald Kristin A. , Pesavento Patricia A. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Objectives—To evaluate clinical, laboratory, and necropsy findings in dogs with infective endocarditis (IE).
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—71 dogs with possible or definite IE.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for signalment, clinical features, and results of clinicopathologic testing and diagnostic imaging. Yearly incidence and the effect of variables on survival were determined by use of survival curve analysis.
Results—The overall incidence of IE was 0.05%. Most affected dogs were of large breeds, and > 75% were older than 5 years. The aortic valve was affected in 36 of the 71 (51%) dogs, and the mitral valve was affected in 59%. Lameness caused by immune-mediated polyarthritis, septic arthritis, or peripheral arterial thromboembolism was observed in 53% of the dogs. Neurologic complications were diagnosed in 17 of 71 (24%) dogs. Thromboembolic disease was suspected in 31 of 71 (44%) of dogs. The mortality rate associated with IE was 56%, and median survival time was 54 days. Factors negatively associated with survival included thrombocytopenia, high serum creatinine concentration, renal complications, and thromboembolic complications.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A diagnosis of IE should be suspected in dogs with fever, systolic or diastolic murmur, and locomotor problems. Dogs with thrombocytopenia, high serum creatinine concentration, thromboembolism, or renal complications may have a shorter survival time.
Persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in an alpaca
Authors: Mattson Donald E. , Baker Rocky J. , Catania Jacquelynne E. , Imbur Sheila R. , Wellejus Kevin M. , Bell Robert B. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A 2.5-month-old female alpaca that had been born prematurely was examined because of moderate mucopurulent nasal discharge and high rectal temperature.
Clinical Findings—In addition to pyrexia and clinical signs of disease of the upper portion of the respiratory tract, the cria had inappetence and was in an unthrifty condition. Hematologic abnormalities included low WBC count, low hemoglobin concentration, and low PCV. Samples of blood were submitted for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) isolation and serologic evaluation. Other adults and newborn crias in the herd were similarly examined. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was detected in the cria, and a diagnosis of persistent infection with BVDV was made at 5.5 months of age. Persistent BVDV infection was suspected in another cria born into the herd but was not identified in any of the adult alpacas.
Treatment and Outcome—Despite several treatments with antimicrobials, no permanent improvement of the cria's condition was achieved. Because of the poor prognosis, the owners requested euthanasia of the cria; BVDV was isolated from specimens of multiple organs collected at necropsy.
Clinical Relevance—To date, BVDV infection in New World camelids has not been regarded as a major disease entity. Findings in the cria of this report illustrate that some strains of BVDV readily infect alpacas. Clinical description of the disease plus clinicopathologic findings suggest that persistent BVDV infection may be greatly overlooked as a cause of chronic anemia and failure to thrive in alpacas.
Holographic grating recording in azobenzene functionalized polymers
Authors: Sobolewska Anna , Miniewicz Andrzej , Grabiec Eugenia , Sek Danuta 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A group of 22 polymers have been synthesized to test their suitability for recording holographic gratings. Polyamides, polyimides, polyesters and their combinations were functionalized with pendant azobenzene groups containing single or double N=N. The polymers were studied using a standard degenerate two-wave mixing technique, which enables measurement of light-induced periodic modification of polymer refractive index and absorption coefficient by analysis of the diffracted light. Two qualitatively different configurations of the holographic polarization recording were used, s-s and s-p. The relationship between structural properties of polymer matrix and azobenzene groups and the holographic grating recording kinetics and light diffraction efficiency was investigated.
Formation and multinuclear magnetic resonance investigation of silylammonium tetracarbonylcobaltate contact ion pairs
Authors: Sisak Attila , Szalontai Gábor. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Silylcobalt tetracarbonyls were reacted with various amines (B) in non-polar solvents to form silylammonium tetracarbonylcobaltate contact ion pairs formulated as [BSiR3+, −Co(CO)4]. The compounds were characterized by IR and multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy both in solution and in solid state. Their properties are analogous to the known ion pairs [BH+, −Co(CO)4] and to amine adducts of halosilanes as well.
Effect of dopant concentration on photocatalytic activity of TiO2 film doped by Mn non-uniformly
Authors: Zhang Kaijian , Xu Wei , Li Xinjun , Zheng Shaojian , Xu Gang 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The thin films of TiO2 doped by Mn non-uniformly were prepared by sol-gel method under process control. In our preceding study, we investigated in detail, the effect of doping mode on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films showing that Mn non-uniform doping can greatly enhance the activity. In this study we looked at the effect of doping concentration on the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 films. In this paper, the thin films were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer and electrochemical workstation. The activity of the photocatalyst was also evaluated by photocatalytic degradation rate of aqueous methyl orange under UV radiation. The results illustrate that the TiO2 thin film doped by Mn non-uniformly at the optimal dopant concentration (0.7 at %) is of the highest activity, and on the contrary, the activity of those doped uniformly is decreased. As a comparison, in 80 min, the degradation rate of methyl orange is 62 %, 12 % and 34 % for Mn non-uniform doping film (0.7 at %), the uniform doping film (0.7 at %) and pure titanium dioxide film, respectively. We have seen that, for the doping and the pure TiO2 films, the stronger signals of open circuit potential and transient photocurrent, the better photocatalytic activity. We also discusse the effect of dopant concentration on the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 films in terms of effective separation of the photon-generated carriers in the semiconductor.
Extraction-spectrophotometric study on the vanadium(V)-2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene — iodonitrotetrazolium chloride — water — chloroform system and its analytical application
Authors: Simeonova Zhivka , Gavazov Kiril , Alexandrov Alexander 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The formation of a new ternary ion-associate complex of vanadium(V) with 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene and iodonitrotetrazolium chloride with a composition ratio of 1:2:1 is reported. The complex is quantitatively extracted from water into chloroform. The molar absorptivity (ɛ) of the extract at λ
max=340 nm is 2.5 × 104 dm3/mol cm, and Beer’s law is obeyed for concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 µg/cm3 V(V). The following constants are determined: the extraction constant, the association constant, the distribution constant, and the recovery factor. The effects of foreign ions and reagents are studied. A selective and sensitive method is developed for determination of vanadium in steels.
A new oxidation process. Transformation of gem-bishydroperoxides into esters
Authors: Terent’ev Alexander , Platonov Maxim , Kutkin Alexander 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A new oxidation process has been found where α,ω-dicarboxylic acid esters and ω-hydroxycarboxylic acid esters are formed on heating gem-bishydroperoxides in alcohol in the presence of BF3·Et2O. By addition of H2O2 to this reaction α,ω-dicarboxylic acid esters are formed almost selectively.
Isotachophoretic determination of theanine
Authors: Kvasnička Frantšek , Krátká Jana 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Free amino acids, the key quality components of tea, are contained in higher amounts in higher grade teas. Among free amino acids in tea, the content of theanine, which is the amino acid of the highest amount, shows high correlation to the price of green tea. A capillary isotachophoresis (CITP) method was developed for the analysis of L-theanine in tea and food supplements. The optimized electrolyte system was following: 0.01 mol/l HCl + 0.02 mol/l TRIS + 0.05% HEC (leading electrolyte), 0.01 mol/L-valine + barium hydroxide to pH 10 (terminating electrolyte). Good separation of L-theanine from other components of sample was achieved within 20 min. Method characteristics, i.e., linearity (0–200 mg/l), accuracy (99 ± 2 %), intra-assay (1.5 %), quantification limit (2 mg/l), and detection limit (0.7 mg/l) were determined. Sufficient sensitivity, low labouriousness (extraction only) and low running cost are important attributes of this method. It was proved that the developed method is suitable for the routine analysis of L-theanine in green tea and food supplements containing green tea extract.
Surface properties of some carotenoids spread in monolayers at the air/water interface. Experimental and computational approach
Authors: Horovitz Ossi , Tomoaia Gheorghe , Racz Csaba , Mocanu Aurora , Bobos Liviu-Dorel , Tomoaia-Cotisel Maria 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe surface pressure versus molecular area isotherms of some carotenoids: β,β-carotene-4-one (echinenone, ECH), β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione (canthaxanthin, CAN) and 4,4′-diapo-ω,ω-carotene-4,4′-dial (APO), spread at the air/water interface, are reported. A van der Waals type state equation is used to describe the high molecular area portions of the compression isotherms and interaction parameters within monolayers are derived. Quantum chemical semi-empirical SCF MO calculations (AM1 and PM3) are performed for the optimized geometries of molecules and dipole moments are calculated. Similar theoretical magnitudes are obtained by both methods. Surface properties, like collapse pressure, surface compressional modulus and interaction parameters are discussed in terms of dipole-dipole interactions, and correlations with the calculated quantities for the carotenoid molecules are analyzed. The orientation of the different carotenoid molecules in the monolayer is discussed.
Duality triads of higher rank: Further properties and some examples
Authors: Schork Matthias 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
It is shown that duality triads of higher rank are closely related to orthogonal matrix polynomials on the real line. Furthermore, some examples of duality triads of higher rank are discussed. In particular, it is shown that the generalized Stirling numbers of rank r give rise to a duality triad of rank r.
Biophysical changes induced by cholesterol on phosphatidylcholine artificial biomembranes containing alamethicin oligomers
Authors: Cernescu Adrian , Luchian Tudor 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Cholesterol is an important constituent of eukaryotic cell membranes, whose interaction with phospholipids leads to a broad range of biological roles, such as: maintenance of proper fluidity, formation of raft domains, reduction of passive permeability of various chemical species through the bilayer (e.g., glucose, glycerol, K+, Na+ and Cl− ions), and increased mechanical strength of the membrane. In this work we studied an interesting paradigm, as to whether cholesterol-containing phosphatidylcholine biomembranes influence the kinetics and transport features of alamethicin oligomers embedded into it. We demonstrate that moderate relative amounts of cholesterol increase the electrical conductance of various sub-conductance states of the alamethicin oligomer, caused probably by a non-monotonic change in the lumped dipole moment of the biomembrane. Our data suggest that biomembrane stiffness caused by cholesterol, visibly modifies the association-dissociation rates of alamethicin oligomerization in the biomembrane. Moreover, increasing concentrations of cholesterol seem to lead to more stable intermediate alamethicin oligomers. We show that in the presence of cholesterol, as the diameter of the alamethicin oligomer increases, so does the time of another monomer to get picked up. These results brings into focus the interesting issue of how oligomerization of proteins affects their interaction affinities for membrane-based lipids.
Transient properties of a bistable kinetic model with quantum corrections
Authors: Ai Bao-quan , Zheng Hua , Xie Hui-zhang , Liu Liang-gang 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The transient properties of a Brownian particle moving in a bistable system with quantum corrections are investigated. The Quantum Smoluchowski Equation (QSE) is fully valid for high temperatures; for low temperatures it is valid only in a restricted domain of the state space. The quantum effects in a bistable system stand out for low temperatures. Explicit expressions of the mean first-passage time (MFPT) are obtained by using a steepest-descent approximation. The quantum effects are against the particle moving towards the destination from its original position.
A family‐based and case‐control association study of SOX10 in schizophrenia
Authors: Iwamoto Kazuya , Bundo Miki , Yamada Kazuo , Takao Hitomi , Iwayama Yoshimi , Yoshikawa Takeo , Kato Tadafumi 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDownregulation of oligodendrocyte‐related genes in postmortem brains of patients with schizophrenia has been reported by several DNA microarray studies. We recently reported that enhanced DNA methylation of SOX10, which encodes a transcription factor responsible for terminal differentiation of oligodendrocyte, correlated with lower expression of SOX10 and other oligodendrocyte‐related genes. Although we ruled out the possible role of SNPs of SOX10 in the altered expression and epigenetic status of oligodendrocyte genes by mutation screening of the SOX10 gene, it is not known whether its genetic polymorphisms contribute to susceptibility to schizophrenia. Here we performed a case‐control and family‐based association study of SOX10 in Japanese patients with schizophrenia using six SNPs and one microsatellite marker. None of these markers showed significant associations with schizophrenia by case‐control or family‐based association study. Haplotype analysis did not reveal significant associations between the two groups. We concluded that genetic variations in the SOX10 gene do not contribute to susceptibility to Japanese schizophrenia. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association study of the CNR1 gene exon 3 alternative promoter region polymorphisms and substance dependence
Authors: Herman Aryeh I. , Kranzler Henry R. , Cubells Joseph F. , Gelernter Joel , Covault Jonathan 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAn alternative promoter producing a novel 5′‐untranslated region of cannabinoid receptor mRNA has recently been described in CNR1, the gene encoding the cannabinoid receptor protein. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) adjacent to this site were reported to be associated with polysubstance abuse [Zhang et al., 2004]. We examined the association of 4 SNPs (rs6928499, rs806379, rs1535255, rs2023239) in the distal region of intron 2 of CNR1 both with individual substance dependence diagnoses (i.e., alcohol, cocaine, and opioids), as well as with polysubstance dependence. The study samples consisted of European‐American (EA) and African‐American (AA) subjects with drug and or alcohol dependence (n = 895), and controls (n = 472). Subjects were grouped as polysubstance dependent, opioid dependent, cocaine dependent, cannabis dependent, and alcohol dependent. There was a modest association of marker rs1535255 with alcohol dependence (P = 0.04), though with correction for multiple phenotype comparisons, this effect was not considered statistically significant. These findings fail to replicate the original report of an association between SNPs adjacent to an alternative CNR1 exon 3 transcription start site and polysubstance abuse. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association analyses suggest GPR24 as a shared susceptibility gene for bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Severinsen J.E. , Als T.D. , Binderup H. , Kruse T.A. , Wang A.G. , Vang M. , Muir W.J. , Blackwood D.H.R. , Mors O. , Børglum A.D. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractLinkage analyses suggest that chromosome 22q12‐13 may harbor a shared susceptibility locus for bipolar affective disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia (SZ). In a study of a sample from the Faeroe Islands we have previously reported association between both disorders and microsatellite markers in a 3.6 cM segment on 22q13. The present study investigated three candidate genes located in this segment: GPR24, ADSL, and ST13. Nine SNPs located in these genes and one microsatellite marker (D22S279) were applied in an association analysis of two samples: an extension of the previously analyzed Faeroese sample comprising 28 distantly related cases (17 BPD, 11 SZ subjects) and 44 controls, and a Scottish sample including 162 patients with BPD, 103 with SZ, and 200 controls. In both samples significant associations were observed in both disorders with predominantly GPR24 SNPs and haplotypes. In the Faeroese sample overall P‐values of 0.0009, 0.0054, and 0.0023 were found for haplotypes in BPD, SZ, and combined cases, respectively, and in the Scottish sample overall P‐values of 0.0003, 0.0005, and 0.016 were observed for similar groupings. Specific haplotypes showed associations with lowest P‐values of 7 × 10−5 and 0.0006 in the combined group of cases from the Faeroe Islands and Scotland, respectively. The G protein‐coupled receptor 24 encoded by GPR24 binds melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) and has been implicated with feeding behavior, energy metabolism, and regulation of stress and mood. To our knowledge this is the first study reporting association between GPR24 and BPD and SZ, suggesting that GPR24 variants may confer susceptibility to both disorders. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association analysis of δ‐opioid receptor gene polymorphisms in methamphetamine dependence/psychosis
Authors: Kobayashi Hideaki , Hata Harumi , Ujike Hiroshi , Harano Mutsuo , Inada Toshiya , Komiyama Tokutaro , Yamada Mitsuhiko , Sekine Yoshimoto , Iwata Nakao , Iyo Masaomi , Ozaki Norio , Itokawa Masanari , Naka Maki , Ide Soichiro , Ikeda Kazutaka , Numachi Yohtaro , Sora Ichiro 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe role of the δ‐opioid receptor (OPRD1) in methamphetamine (MAP) addiction was investigated using association analysis betweenOPRD1gene polymorphisms and MAP dependence/psychosis. DNA samples from Japanese patients with MAP dependence/psychosis were analyzed to find polymorphisms inOPRD1gene exons and exon–intron boundaries. One novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in intron 1 and two SNPs in exon 3 were identified. The two SNPs in exon 3 were in linkage disequilibrium. No significant difference was observed in either genotypic or allelic frequencies of these SNPs between controls (n = 260) and MAP dependent/psychotic patients (n = 170). Global analyses using the three SNPs and subcategory analyses on clinical parameters also showed no significant differences. These results suggest that theOPRD1gene variants may not be a factor in vulnerability to MAP dependence/psychosis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Meniere's disease gene linked to chromosome 12p12.3
Authors: Klar Joakim , Frykholm Carina , Friberg Ulla , Dahl Niklas 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMeniere's disease (MD) is characterized by spontaneous attacks of vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. The majority of patients with MD appear sporadic but 5%–13% of the cases have a family history for the disease. The cause of both the sporadic and inherited forms of MD remains unclear despite a number of candidate genes defined from their association with hearing loss. We have performed a genome wide linkage scan on a large Swedish family segregating MD in five generations. Five candidate regions with a lod score of >1 were identified. Two additional families with autosomal dominant MD were analyzed for linkage to these regions and a cumulative Zmax of 3.46 was obtained for a single region on chromosome 12p. In two of the three families, a shared haplotype was found to extend over 1.7 Mb which suggests a common ancestral origin. Within this region, a single recombination event restricts the candidate region to 463 kb. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies on crystal morphology and crystallization kinetics of polypropylene filled with CaCO3 of different size and size distribution
Authors: Zhang Jun , Ding Qing‐Jun , Zhou Ning‐Lin , Li Li , Ma Zhen‐Mao , Shen Jian 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChanges in the crystal morphology, crystallinity, and the melting temperature of thermoplastics resulted in significant changes in the mechanical behavior of composites containing them. For this reason, the research of crystal morphology and crystallization kinetics in thermoplastic composites became an important requirement. The thermoplastic filled with the filler of different size gradation was a new method for improving processability of thermoplastic composites. We have previously reported that the melt viscosity of polypropylene (PP) composites, which were filled with 30 wt % CaCO3 of effective size gradation, could be evidently declined. In this study, two sizes of CaCO3, 325 meshes and 1500 meshes, were blended by different proportions and filled into PP matrix with 30 wt %. Crystal morphology and isothermal crystallization kinetics of a series of composites were characterized by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and polarizing microscope. The results showed that composites filled with CaCO3 of effective size gradation leaded to a well‐crystalline order and a large crystal size, while their isothermal crystallization kinetics and crystallization rate constant (k) were declined, and their Avrami exponents (n) and crystallization half‐life (t1/2) were increased compared with the composites filled with single size CaCO3. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2437–2444, 2006
Polyaniline as corrosion inhibitor for iron in acid solutions
Authors: Jeyaprabha C. , Sathiyanarayanan S. , Venkatachari G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn recent years, polymer amines have been studied as an efficient corrosion inhibitor for iron in acid media. In this article, the performance of water soluble polyaniline as corrosion inhibitor for iron in 0.5M H2SO4 has been evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and compared with the performance of the aniline monomer. It has been found that polyaniline is an efficient inhibitor, since the maximum efficiency of 84% has been observed at a concentration of 100 ppm, whereas the monomer has accelerated the corrosion. FTIR studies have shown that the polyaniline is strongly adsorbed on the iron surface and inhibits the corrosion effectively. However, aniline has been found to improve the passivation tendency of iron at higher concentrations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2144–2153, 2006