bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological and histomorphometric investigations on bone integration of rapidly resorbable calcium phosphate ceramics
Authors: Bernstein Anke , Nöbel Doreen , Mayr Hermann O. , Berger Georg , Gildenhaar Renate , Brandt Jörg 
Published: July 2007

AbstractResorbable ceramics can promote the bony integration of implants. Their rate of degradation should ideally be synchronized with bone regeneration. We report here the results of a histological study of implants with two resorbable calcium phosphate ceramic coatings: Ca2KNa(PO4)2‐(GB14) and Ca10[K/Na](PO4)7‐(602020). The results attained with these ceramic‐coated implants show the benefits of these materials with regard to bioactive bone‐healing stimulation, compared with uncoated implants. The GB14 ceramic coating exhibited greater bone regeneration and differentiation on its surface than the conventional hydroxyapatite coating and helped bone tissue achieve more extensive contact free of connective tissue. Not until the coating disintegrated did the histological features of GB14‐ and 602020‐coated implants converge‐both implant types were integrated into bone. Rapid disintegration of the coating material, as with 602020, supports osteoblast proliferation but has negative effects on bone mineralization. Both resorbable ceramics tested, GB14 and 602020, demonstrated bioactivity; even metal surfaces coated with these materials were populated by mature bone tissue without connective tissue after disintegration of their ceramic coating. The less rapidly degrading material, GB14, achieved better results. Degradable calcium phosphate coatings have the potential to stimulate bone regeneration. From the histological viewpoint, the resorbable ceramics examined here can be recommended as coating materials for clinical use. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2008
Recent experiments on fumigation
Authors: Page A. B. P. , Lubatti O. F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn a recent paper on “Recent Developments in Fumigation of Buildings, Stored Foods, and other Materials,”' published in “Chemistry and Industry” on November II, 1939. an attempt was made to cover a wide field. The present paper deals, in more detail, with certain experimental work, much of which has been carried out at the Biological Field Station of the Imperial College of Science and Technology.
The detection of small quantities of war gases (Dijkstra's method)
Authors: Hoogeveen A. P. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTranslator's Note.‐The following paper was published as a report from the Chemical Laboratory of the Dutch Artillery School at Delft, where the practical details were elaborated. In a preface to the report the author expresses his indebtedness to Dr. D. W. Dijkstra, who suggested this method of air flow analysis (Chem. Weekblad 34, 351, 1937); to his collaborators, Dr. 6. Verkaaik and Dr. W. G. Perdok, and to the publication of Dr. A. Tasrnan (Chern. Weekblad.36, 534, 1939). I should also like to add my acknowledgments to Dr. Hoogeveen for his kind permission to publish the translation.
The arrangement and function of octopus arm musculature and connective tissue
Authors: Kier William M. , Stella Michael P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe morphology of the musculature and connective tissues of the arms of Octopus bimaculoides was analyzed with light microscopy. We also studied O. briareus and O. digueti, which possess relatively more elongate and less elongate arms, respectively. The morphology of the arms was found to be remarkably uniform among species. The arms consist of a densely packed three‐dimensional arrangement of muscle fibers and connective tissue fibers surrounding a central axial nerve cord. Three primary muscle fiber orientations were observed: 1) transverse muscle fibers oriented in planes perpendicular to the long axis of the arm; 2) longitudinal muscle fibers oriented parallel to the long axis; and 3) oblique muscle fibers arranged in helixes around the arm. The proportion of the arm cross section occupied by each of these muscle fiber groups (relative to the total cross sectional area of the musculature) remains constant along the length of the arm, even though the arm tapers from base to tip. A thin circular muscle layer wraps the arm musculature on the aboral side only. Much of this musculature has its origin and insertion on several robust connective tissue sheets including a layer surrounding the axial nerve cord and crossed‐fiber connective tissue sheets located on the oral and the aboral sides of the arm. An additional thin layer of connective tissue wraps the arm musculature laterally and also serves as a site of origin and insertion of some of the muscle fibers. The fibers of the oral and aboral crossed‐fiber connective tissue sheets are arranged oblique to the long axis of the arm with the same fiber angle as the oblique muscle layers that originate and insert on the sheets. The oblique muscle layers and the crossed‐fiber connective tissue sheets thus form composite right‐ and left‐handed helical fiber arrays. Analysis of arm morphology from the standpoint of biomechanics suggests that the transverse musculature is responsible for elongation of the arms, the longitudinal musculature is responsible for shortening, and the oblique muscle layers and associated connective tissues create torsion. Arm bending may involve unilateral contraction of longitudinal muscle bundles in combination with resistance to arm diameter increase due to contraction of the transverse musculature or passive stiffness of the arm tissues. The arms may also be bent by a combination of decrease in diameter due to contraction of the transverse musculature and maintenance of constant length on one side of the arm by unilateral activity of longitudinal muscle bundles. An increase in flexural stiffness of the arm may be achieved by cocontraction of the transverse and longitudinal muscle. Torsional stiffness may be increased by simultaneous contraction of both the right‐ and left‐handed oblique muscle layers. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feeding, nutrient flow, and functional gut morphology in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus
Authors: Woodring Joseph , Lorenz Matthias W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe flow of nutrients through the digestive tract of Gryllus bimaculatus is regulated by the proventriculus, which effectively triturates the partially digested food coming from the crop and shoves the mushy nutrient mass into the space between the paired caeca. The many folds at the base of the caeca form a sieve, and only fine food particles (4–10 μm) and fluids in the mush are filtered under pressure (produced by proventricular peristalsis) into the caeca. Combined with the release of enzymes in the caeca and the influx of water, the caeca are rapidly inflated on day 1 after the terminal molt. The remaining, mostly undigested food is shoved into a tube formed by the peritrophic membrane, which is first formed at the anterior end of the ventriculus. A mucous membrane (peritrophic gel) covers the caecal epithelium, and seems to merge with the true peritrophic membrane at the beginning of the ventriculus. The Type I peritrophic membrane is dragged posteriorly through the entire ventriculus and ileum by the posterior movement of the food bolus, which is shoved posteriorly at a rate of 6 mm/h by proventricular pressure. The growth rate of the peritrophic membrane is about 3 mm/h. Peristalsis does not occur in the midgut or ileum; the muscles in these regions function solely to counteract the internal pressure produced by the proventriculus. The exo‐ and endoperitrophic space in newly molted animals is open and fluids can flow in both directions. The endoperitrophic space becomes filled on day 1, and leads to a great reduction of the exoperitrophic space. In the ileal pouch (exoperitrophic space) the peritrophic membrane separates the mass of bacteria from the waste bolus within the endoperitrophic space. Feathery bristles arising from the cuticular covering of the finger‐like invaginations of the ileal wall hold most of the bacterial mass in place. The crop weight decreases from day 1 to day 3 as the weight of caeca, ventriculus, and ileum increases. After day 3, food uptake and the weight of the entire gut system decrease in female crickets, partly in response to space restrictions in the abdomen caused by rapid ovarial growth. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cranial endocasts from a growth series of Monodelphis domestica (Didelphidae, Marsupialia): A study of individual and ontogenetic variation
Authors: Macrini Thomas E. , Rowe Timothy , VandeBerg John L. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract Intraspecific variation (e.g., ontogenetic, individual, sexual dimorphic) is rarely examined among cranial endocasts (infillings of the braincase cavity) because of the difficulty in obtaining multiple specimens of a species, particularly fossil taxa. We extracted digital cranial endocasts from CT scans of a growth series of skulls of Monodelphis domestica, the gray short‐tailed opossum, as a preliminary assessment of the amount of intraspecific variation in mammalian endocranial morphology. The goals of this study were 1) to provide an anatomical description to document developmental changes in endocranial morphology of M. domestica and 2) to examine ontogenetic and individual variation with respect to phylogenetic characters of endocranial cavities that are known to be variable between different mammalian taxa. In this study, “ontogenetic variation” refers to variation between specimens of different ages whereas “individual variation” (i.e., polymorphism) is restricted to variation between specimens of comparable age. Aside from size, changes in shape account for the greatest amount of morphological variation between the endocasts of different ages. Endocast length, width, and volume increase with age for the growth series. Relative olfactory bulb cast size increases with age in the growth series, but the relative size of the parafloccular casts shows a slight negative allometric trend through ontogeny. More than one‐third of the phylogenetic characters of the endocranial cavity we examined showed some sort of variation (ontogenetic, individual, or both). This suggests that although endocasts are potentially informative for systematics, both ontogenetic and individual variation affect how endocranial characters are scored for phylogenetic analysis. Further studies such as this are necessary to determine the taxonomic extent of significant intraspecific variation of these endocranial characters. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA tertiary structure and changes in DNA supercoiling upon interaction with ethidium bromide and gyrase monitored by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Neugebauer U. , Schmid U. , Baumann K. , Simon H. , Schmitt M. , Popp J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe tertiary structure of DNA is important for many of its biological functions. In this work supercoiled and relaxed forms of purified plasmid DNA pBR322 in dilute aqueous solutions are investigated by means of UVRR spectroscopy to assess changes in B‐DNA conformation. Spectral variation in the CO and exocyclic NH2 vibration above 1600 cm−1 indicate changes in hydrogen bonding. A minor shift of the CN stretching mode of adenosine and guanosine at 1487 cm−1 supports these findings. Changes in ribose conformation are visible in the spectral region 1320–1360 cm−1 by vibrational coupling of the ribose pucker to the vibrations of the purine and pyrimidine bases. The intercalating phenanthridinium drug ethidium bromide is known to reduce the negative supercoiling of DNA. This change in DNA topology is reflected in variations of the UVRR marker bands of DNA identified above. Principal component analysis helped to extract the features of interest from the complex spectra of the intercalation complex. Within the bacterial cells the change in DNA topology is achieved by the action of topoisomerases. In this work, the DNA‐binding subunit GyrA of the enzyme gyrase was extracted from E. coli and applied to relaxed and supercoiled pBR322. The observed changes in the vibrational signature of the relaxed DNA in the presence of GyrA indicate a change of topology towards the supercoiled form. With already supercoiled DNA no further change in DNA topology is observed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Taste tests. Psychophysical issues in comparative test design
Authors: Buchanan Bruce S. , Morrison Donald G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDiscrimination and preference testing is performed extensively by food and beverage producers for managerial purposes and, more recently, for comparative advertising. In this paper, the authors examine several basic issues in the design of these tests. The concepts of discrimination, preference, and choice are defined and related to one another. Further, various psychophysical models of discrimination and preference are presented and compared. These psychophysical models are then related to specific product test designs. The purpose of this exercise is to provide the applied product researcher or manager with a coherent conceptual framework for designing comparative product tests.
A social cognition model of consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction an experiment
Authors: Sirgy M. Joseph 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA social‐cognition model of consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction was tested in an experimental study. The model posits that satisfaction is a function of one or more congruities between perceptual and evoked referent states. Four congruity variables involving expected, ideal, deserved, new, and old product performance were selected to demonstrate congruity dynamics in consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction. The results were found to be supportive of the model, paving the way for more field testing.
The role of emotion in advertising
Authors: Holbrook Morris B. , O'Shaughnessy John 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper addresses the reemergence of attention to the role of emotion in advertising. Conceptual clarity requires that emotions be distinguished from other motivational and affective constructs. Having thus narrowed our focus, we present a model of the emotional process and a typology of emotional content. We then address some related managerial issues in advertising strategy and methodological problems in measuring emotions. Finally, the preceding considerations suggest directions for future research on the role of emotion in advertising.
Analyzing consumer orientations toward beverages through means–end chain analysis
Authors: Gutman Jonathan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe choice of a brand, and most particularly a beverage type, depends on the consequences it produces for the beverage consumer. Means‐end chain theory provides an approach for linking product values. This article demonstrates a methodology for constructing hierarchical value structure maps for beverages in general and individually for several different types of beverages. The implications of this approach for creating advertising strategy are also demonstrated and discussed.
Assessing response quality. A self‐disclosure approach to assessing response quality in mall intercept and telephone interviews
Authors: Bush Alan J. , Parasuraman A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThere has been little, if any attempt to develop a standard operationalization of response quality in marketing research. Additionally, marketing studies using response quality have been almost exclusively mail surveys. This study employs a theoretical base from the Self‐Disclosure literature in operationalizing response quality in telephone and mall intercept interviews.
The effects of schematic memory on imaginal information processing: An empirical assessment
Authors: Smith Ruth Ann , Houston Michael J. , Childers Terry L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe relationship between verbal and nonverbal modes of processing consumer information was examined in an investigation of schematic processing, a predominantly verbal mode, and visual imagery, a nonverbal method of information processing. It was found that individuals with a schema for a marketing event exhibited both a higher incidence and greater vividness of imagery during retrieval than did subjects without a schema. No differences were observed in either the frequency or clarity of images related to actions of varying degrees of abstraction in the event schema. These results indicate interdependence between schematic and imaginal processing consistent with the Cyclical Processing Model (Hampson and Morris 1979). A number of implications, both methodological and strategic, are developed from the observed relationship between imaginal and schematic information processing.
Frame Analysis
Authors: Yarnell Steven M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe background, theory, and method of “frame analysis”—a two‐phase marketing research method for generating and analyzing qualitative data—is presented. Frames are abstractions or “higher order knowledge structures” and the objective of “frame analysis” is to identify the “frames” (or schemes or scripts) of consumers and then segment consumers by the extent to which they “share” a “frame”.
The relationship of sex‐role norms to household task allocation
Authors: Schaninger Charles M. , Buss W. Christian 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSex‐role norms were found to be significantly related to task allocation in families. Less wife responsibility for such traditional “wife” tasks as grocery shopping, laundry, housekeeping, and dishwashing were noted and this finding was strongest among couples in which both spouses held sex‐role modern norms. Wives' sex role norms tended to be more strongly related to family task allocation behavior than were husbands'.
The strategic dilemma of alternate structures in expectancy‐value attitude models
Authors: Stankey Michael J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDecision‐makers face a dilemma when considering alternate forms of the general expectancy‐value attitude model. Given the same data set, four alternate structures of the expectancy‐value model are shown to produce four dramatically different scenarios both in terms of predictive ability and in terms of strategic direction. A hybrid approach to using the model is recommended as a means of resolving the dilemma.
Alternative measurement approaches to consumer values: The list of values and the rokeach value survey
Authors: Beatty Sharon E. , Kahle Lynn R. , Homer Pamela , Misra Shekhar 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTwo methods of measuring consumer values, the List of Values and the Rokeach Value Survey, are compared. Both involve some social desirability responding but both have convergent, discriminant, and empirical validity for consumer research. The List of Values may be preferable for some types of research because it detects more daily influence in people's lives and because it is simpler to administer.
Consumer similarity judgments: A test of the contrast model
Authors: Johnson Michael D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA general model is described that views similarity judgment as a contrasting of product features. The relative influence of common and distinctive features on perceived similarity is considered a function of the context or task environment. A memory probe is used to measure the common and distinctive features consumers associate with various products. The feature measures are then used to estimate the model under three different task environments: similarity, dissimilarity, and subject/referent similarity. The results support the model and the effect of the task environment on judgments of interproduct similarity.
The influence of ‘low‐balling’ on buyers' compliance: Revisited
Authors: Motes William H. , Brown Reginald E. , Ezell Hazel F. , Hudson Gail I. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCentral to the low‐ball strategy is the revocation and subsequent alteration of an integral part of an offer after a target subject accepts. Allegedly used to some extent in the automobile industry, it has drawn criticism as an unethical and characteristically deceptive practice. Yet, is such a strategy really effective in increasing customer compliance in real commercial settings? Using a sample of 160 subjects, the low‐ball procedure was again tested. Although effective, its predicted superiority over several competing strategies was unconfirmed.
Memory for the visual and verbal components of print advertisements
Authors: Childers Terry L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA model is developed and proposed to describe the underlying processing of the visual and verbal components of print advertisements. Based upon past research, the processing of these two components of print advertisements is viewed as consisting of (1) different levels of processing, (2) elaborative encoding, and (3) encoding distinctiveness. An empirical test of the model indicates that the visual/pictorial component of the print ad is more elaboratively and more distinctively encoded than the verbal component. Results of the research are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding vivid versus salient effects of information presentation.
Linguistic barriers to consumer information processing: Information overload in the hispanic population
Authors: Dolinsky Claudia , Feinberg Richard A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe ability of individuals to assimilate and process consumer information appears to have finite limits. If consumers are given information which exceeds their processing capacity, information overload is said to exist and results in less effective decision making. The relationship between information overload and linguistic ability was investigated in this study. Americans and Hispanics were presented with varying amounts of consumer information in their native and non‐native language. As predicted, information can act as a stressor, affecting decision making in a non‐native language prior to affecting decision making in a dominant language. Information overload occurred sooner in Hispanics and Americans when consumer information was presented in their non‐dominant language.
An archaeological examination of ethnic differences in body care rituals
Authors: Wallendorf Melanie , Nelson Daniel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBody care rituals as expressions of cultural heritage passed intergenerationally through childhood socialization were expected to show variation across income matched groups from two ethnic origins (Anglos and Mexican‐Americans). The contents of 1595 collections of household refuse were coded to determine level of usage of products used in body care rituals by two income groups of Hispanics and two income‐matched groups of Anglos. Findings regarding group differences in patterns of usage of personal cleansers, household cleansers, oral hygiene products, odor fighters, hair care products, skin care products, cosmetics, feminine protection products, over‐the‐counter drugs, and aspirin are reported. These findings are interpreted using several alternative theoretical perspectives including body cathexis, status, and role theory, attempts to capture the ‘Good Life,’ pride in the body, and cultural heritage. Propositions for future research are suggested.