bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed vascular deformities of the lower limbs, with particular reference to lymphography and surgical treatment
Authors: Kinmonth J B , Young A E , Edwards J M , O'Donnell T F , Thomas M Lea 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series of patients with congenital blood and lymph anomalies of the lower limb investigated and treated at St Thomas's Hospital, London, are reviewed. They fell into three classes: (1) those in which the venous element predominated (Klippel and other syndromes), (2) those with arteriovenous shunts and (3) those with angiomas of blood or lymph vessels scattered through the limb (diffuse mixed angiomas).
Most of the patients were investigated by angiography (of blood or lymph systems) as well as by plethysmography, dermal temperature measurements and other techniques in the thermal laboratory.
Phlebography showed most abnormalities in the Klippel group and was useful in delineating them before operation. The importance of confirming the existence of an adequate deep venous circulation prior to ablation of abnormal superficial vessels is emphasized.
Arteriography showed most abnormalities in the group with suspected arteriovenous shunts. The most commonly performed operations in this group were for control of overgrowth of the limb or for ulceration.
Lymphography showed many of the Klippel group to suffer from insufficiency of the main pathways, either aplasia or hypoplasia. In addition many had vesicles, fistulas and lymph cysts.
Patients in the arteriovenous shunt group had large hyperplastic lymph pathways, which were possibly either congenital or a hypertrophic response.
One hundred and thirty-eight operations were performed in 46 patients for a variety of lesions and disabilities. These are reviewed. The scope and benefit of surgery in these children are greater than has been accepted in the past.
Three patients required amputation of a limb.
There were 5 deaths in the series, 4 of these being in the scattered angioma group and in patients in whom the deformities extended beyond the limb into the trunk.
Pulsatile changes of electrical impedance in the lower limb
Authors: Schraibman I G , Naylor G P , Smith K , Patel P , Charlesworth D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The ratio of the pulsatile and the mean value of the volume of blood flowing through the calves of normal subjects with each heart beat was calculated from electrical impedance changes during venous occlusion plethysmography.
Measurements made concurrently by proven Doppler ultrasound techniques did not correlate with ratios derived from the impedance measurements. The pulsatile change in electrical impedance in the limbs appears to be due more to changes of resistance in the blood than to pulsatile changes in the volume of the limb.
Successful repair of an idiopathic spontaneous aortoduodenal fistula
Authors: Mansel R E , Powley P H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of idiopathic spontaneous aortoduodenal fistula treated surgically is reported. This case is probably the first successful repair of an idiopathic fistula to be recorded in the literature. The difficulty in diagnosis and possible aetiology are discussed.
Special problems associated with abdominal aneurysmectomy in spinal cord injury patients
Authors: Kwaan Jack H M , Jones S Austin , Juler George L , Connolly John E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
There were 8 patients with spinal cord injury in the last 100 consecutive patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm resected at the Long Beach Veterans Administration Hospital. Emphasis is placed upon the problems in management not found in individuals without spinal cord injury. A successful outcome is dependent upon: (a) aggressive control of foci of infection, (b) early diagnosis and planned surgical intervention, (c) continuous intra-operative arterial and central venous pressure monitoring and (d) alertness to the prevention of postoperative complications, with emphasis upon careful tracheal toilet and anticipation of delayed wound healing.
Hyperparathyroidism associated with a parathyroid cyst: An unusual presentation
Authors: Simkin E P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a case of hyperparathyroidism associated with a large parathyroid cyst a causal association was demonstrated by the presence of enormous quantities of parathormone in the cyst fluid. Assay of hormone levels in the cyst fluid in future cases may be helpful in elucidating the aetiology of this rare condition.
Obstructive uropathy due to primary retroperitoneal tumour (leiomyosarcoma): Report of 2 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Bose B , Boake R C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two cases of primary retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma presenting with obstructive uropathy which were successfully treated by surgical excision are reported. The classification of primary retroperitoneal tumours and their symptomntology, treatment and prognosis are discussed in detail based on a review of the literature and the current experience of treating these tumours by combination therapy. It is felt that with advances in the diagnosis and therapy the prognosis is likely to improve.
Clinical diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis
Authors: Das Pritam , Shukla H S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
One hundred and eighty-two cases of abdominal tuberculosis admitted to Swaroop Rani Nehri (SRN) Hospital, Allahabad, in the past 7 years have been reviewed.
The clinical diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis was made correctly only in 50 per cent of cases. About half the cases presented with chronic or acute on chronic intestinal Obstruction. The remaining patients had vague pains, tender abdomen, constitutional symptoms or a mass in the abdomen. Diarrhoea was not frequent and fistula formation was rare. A chronic obstructive type of lesion was found not only in cases with a bowel lesion but also in patients with chronic miliary peritonitis and tuberculous mesenteric adenitis. Similarly, a lump was present not only in hypertrophic bowel tuberculosis but also in chronic miliary peritonitis and tuberculous mesenteric adenitis. On radiological examination false positive features such as fluid levels, bowel dilatation or even the ‘string’ sign were encountered. Liver and endometrial biopsies were positive in only a very few cases. Peritoneal biopsy was of considerable help, being positive in 88 per cent of ascitic cases and in 42·1 per cent of non-ascitic cases.
Open peritoneal biopsy obtained after making a small incision in the right iliac fossa was found to be the most useful investigation in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. An ascitic fluid protein content of 2·5 g or more and a predominantly lymphocytic count of over 100/mm3 are diagnostic, but a cell count of 10/mm3 was recorded in one tuberculous case.
A simple method for the introduction of an oesophageal tube in advanced carcinoma of the oesophagus
Authors: Anscombe A R , Pearson K , Taylor T V 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A simple technique is described which facilitates the introduction of an oesophageal tube in cases of advanced carcinoma of the oesophagus. The method has proved satisfactory in cases with the tightest of strictures.
Results of Heller's operation for achalasia of the oesophagus. The importance of hiatal repair
Authors: Black J , Vorbach A N , Collis J Leigh 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A survey of 108 patients with achalasia treated by cardiomyotomy is reported. All the operations were done by the abdominal approach and all the patients were followed up for a minimum of 4 years. Fifty-five patients had some form of hiatal reconstruction, I1 of these having a formal plastic repair as practised for oesophageal reflux problems.
At 4 years after operation 71 patients (65·5 per cent) had entirely satisfactory results. Twenty-seven patients had recurrent dysphagia and 20 patients had symptoms of reflux oesophagitis. The group who had had a formal repair of the hiatus had no reflux symptoms after operation and also had better swallowing than the other groups.
These results suggest that much of the dysphagia following Heller's operation is due to occult gastro-oesophageal reflux and can be avoided by a reflux-preventing procedure.
Adequate hiatal repair after myotomy is strongly recommended.
Mesocoloplasty for sigmoid volvulus: A preliminary report
Authors: Tiwary R N , Prasad S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A technique of mesocoloplasty for the prevention of recurrence of sigmoid volvulus is described. The maneuvre is simple, and does not open the gut. It can be performed confidently by junior doctors undergoing surgical training and appears to be an eminently safe technique as a routine procedure in any emergency service.
The pattern of intestinal obstruction in Malaysia
Authors: Ti T K , Yong N K 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This is a review of 261 patients operated for 271 instances of mechanical intestinal obstruction over a 5-year period in a developing country in the tropics. The pattern of intestinal obstruction in Chinese is similar to that in Caucasians, where adhesions account for the largest number of cases. The occurrence in Malays, Indians, Pakistanis and Ceylonese is similar to that in other developing communities where external hernia is commonest while adhesive or tumour obstruction is rare; however, these racial groups do not exhibit the high incidence of intussusception and volvulus found in Africa and India. The operative mortality was 13·9 per cent, which is comparable to that in Western series. The major adverse factors in intestinal obstruction, i.e. extremes of age, associated disease, gangrenous bowel, large bowel obstruction and malignancy, were confirmed. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance was frequent, as in other tropical series, but with intensive preoperative correction it was not an important adverse factor.
Cancer of the large bowel in the African: A 15-year survey at Kinshasa University Hospital, Zaïre
Authors: Kenda J F Ngala 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a 15-year survey at Kinshasa University Hospital, 954 solid cancers were recorded. Among these, 46 malignant tumours arose in the colon, rectum and anal canal, a proportion of 4·8 per cent. A review of the patients' age and clinical presentation, and pathology and aetiology of the tumours revealed that: The incidence of this cancer in young Africans is higher than in Western countries.The clinical presentation of this illness in young people is frequently unusual, but older African patients commonly present with classic symptoms.The incidence of mucous carcinonia tends to be higher, but could be explained by the larger number of young people suffering from the condition.Intestinal amoebiasis was associated with cancer in 3 cases. Its significance remains uncertain.
Noxytiolin and peritoneal adhesion formation
Authors: Gilmore O J A , Reid Clare 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies have suggested that intraperitoneal noxytiolin prevents adhesion formation. A reliable experimental animal model was therefore established and the effect of noxytiolin on adhesion formation was evaluated in a controlled trial using 80 rats. All 40 rats given Ringer solution developed adhesions, whereas in 7 out of 40 given noxytiolin no adhesions were found (P &lt; 0·02). Noxytiolin reduced both the total and the mean number of adhesions formed (P &lt; 0·2) and their mean length of attachment (P &lt; 0·05). The anti-adhesive effect of noxytiolin may be due to its anticoagulant, cytotoxic or antibacterial properties.
The effect of surgical biopsy on the cell production rate of a murine tumour
Authors: Baxter-Smith D , Thomas D Brynmor , Riches A C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The rate of cell production of a mammary adenocarcinoma following surgical biopsy has been investigated using vincristine sulphate as a metaphase arrest agent. Small implants of the tumour were implanted into the inguinal region of young mice of both sexes and were seen to have a constant rate of cell production both between different tumour generations and during tumour growth. Such a constant rate of tumour cell production provides an extremely useful model for exploring the effects of surgical biopsy.
Measurements of the cell production rate showed a 60 per cent decrease for the first 48 hours following biopsy after which recovery ensued to reach control levels again. Sham-anaesthetized controls and sham-resected controls demonstrated none of these changes. Similar depression in the rate of cell production was seen following biopsy of one tumour in mice bearing bilateral tumours. The 48-hour depression was observed both in the ipsilateral remnant tumour and in the contralateral implant which has not been biopsied.
Coagulation changes in sensitized canine renal allografts
Authors: Brennan T G , Giles G R , Rajah S M , Davison A M , Guillou P J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Coagulation changes within kidney homotransplants to sensitized canine recipients have been studied by assessing the arteriovenous gradients of formed blood elements and coagulation factors across the organ. It is confirmed that hyperacute rejection is accompanied by evidence of intravascular coagulation within the graft, which is maximal during the first 20 minutes after revascularization. Attempts were made to prolong the survival of the grafts by the use of cytotosine arabinoside, methylprednisolone, heparin and azathioprine. In some instances, the severity of the intravascular coagulation was reduced but it did not prove possible to extend the survival of the kidneys beyond 24 hours.
Improvement in experimental vascular graft patency by controlled defibrinogenation
Authors: Postlethwaite J C , Goyle K B , Dormandy J A , Hynd J W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A sensitive animal model was used to investigate treatment designed to improve vascular graft patency. A Dacron graft was inserted into the infrarenal vena cava of 30 rabbits. Half were treated with subcutaneous Arvin for 28 days after operation. This produced a significant lowering of the postoperative plasma fibrinogen. The patency rate of the grafts in the treated rabbits was significantly greater than in the control rabbits.
A report on the use of Arvin in patients with pre-gangrene of the lower limb
Authors: Humphreys W V , Walker A , Charlesworth D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Sixteen patients with arteriosclerosis and pre-gangrene of a lower limb were treated for 5 days by intravenous injection of Arvin. The effects of the injection on plasma fibrinogen, the viscosity of blood and the patient's symptoms were measured. There was a 90 per cent reduction in plasma fibrinogen and a significant reduction in the viscosity of blood. Five patients experienced some relief of pain during the treatment. In only one patient were the symptoms relieved permanently.
Quinacrine in the management of malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Taylor S A , Hooton N S , Macarthur A M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Twenty-five patients with malignant pleural effusion were treated with a single intrapleural dose of Quinacrine. Eighteen patients (72 per cent) had a significant response, with no reaccumulation of fluid for at least 2 months following treatment up to a maximum of 18 months in 2 patients. Seven patients (28 per cent) survived for longer than 1 year without evidence of recurrent effusion.
Assessment of prognosis in cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Barclay T L , Crockett D J , Eastwood D S , Eastwood J , Giles G R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A retrospective study of 103 patients with histogically proved cutaneous malignant melanoma was made in order to assess the validity of a simple prognostic index, based upon a multivariate analysis of weighted pathological and clinical factors, in predicting the expected outcome in a given case. The results of the study were almost identical to those observed by Cochran (1968); 16 per cent of the patients with a low prognostic index (less than 20) died or developed recurrence of melanoma during the period of follow-up, in contrast to those with a high prognostic index (greater than 25) of whom 64 per cent were similarly affected. It is concluded that the predicted outcome based upon such an index is valid for the 5 postoperative years in some 90 per cent of patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma. It is suggested that the use of such an index may be of great value in selecting patients in whom the expected outcome to surgical therapy is poor and in whom adjuvant therapy may be of value.
Foramen magnum impaction in a case of acro-osteolysis
Authors: Williams Bernard 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of a rare, non-familial, generalized, congenital, osseous dysplasia is described with features which have previously been described under the name ‘acroosteolysis’. Basilar invagination followed defective bone formation in the skull and this produced occipital headache and progressive neurological deterioration with involvement of the lower cranial nerves and cerebellar function. Hydrocephalus and valvular impaction of the cerebellum in the foramen magnum were demonstrated. Partial relief was obtained by foramen magnum decompression; death supervened from infection and respiratory inadequacy at the age of 20.
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: Results after colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis
Authors: Watts J McK , Hughes E S R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eighty-one patients who had had colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease of the colon from 1 to 13 years previously were interviewed and examined by a surgeon with whom they had had no previous contact.
Sixty-four patients (79 per cent) had a satisfactory result. In 12 patients the operation had failed and an ileostomy had been established, and in a further 5 patients the result was considered unsatisfactory.
Despite a high incidence of frequent loose stools and minor anorectal complications, most of the patients were satisfied with the result and would not contemplate the alternative of an ileostomy. No patient had developed rectal cancer.
Provided that the rectum is examined regularly for pre-malignant or malignant change, colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis offer a satisfactory alternative to proctocolectomy and ileostomy for many patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease.
The internal sphincter and anal fissure
Authors: Hancock B D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The activity of the internal anal sphincter in patients with fissure has been studied by measuring anal pressure and motility with a small balloon probe.
The mean maximum anal pressure in 12 patients with fissure (116·8 ± 21·8, s.d., cm H2O) was significantly higher lhan that in 40 control subjects (85·0 ± 20·5 cm H2O; P &lt; 0·01). Ultra-slow pressure waves were present in 80 per cent of the patients and in 5 per cent of the controls. Both the high pressure and ultra-slow waves were due to abnormal activity of the internal sphincter. This could be corrected equally well by either dilatation or lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy.
The role of oxygen therapy in the healing of experimental skin wounds and colonic anastomosis
Authors: Kirk D , Irvin T T 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A number of experimental studies have indicated that wound healing is adversely affected by hypoxia, and it has been suggested that healing can be improved by increasing inspired oxygen tensions. However, this hypothesis is based on observations on simulated wounds or tissue implants in experimental animals, and the clinical relevance of these observations is uncertain.
The effects of oxygen therapy on the healing of skin wounds and colonic anastomoses were examined in rats. Sutured skin incisions and normal and ischaemic colonic anastomoses were studied in control animals breathing air and in test animals breatliing 50 per cent oxygen. Wound healing was assessed by measurements of wound breaking strength, colonic bursting wall tension and wound collagen after 7 days' treatment with oxygen.
There was no significant difference in the measurements in skin wounds or colonic anastomoses in test and control animals, and there was a similar incidence of anastomotic dehiscence in the ischaemic colon of test animals and controls.
Oxygen therapy had no apparent effect on wound healing in this study, and it was concluded that further studies are required to determine whether or not there is a rational basis for the clinical use of oxygen therapy to help wound healing.
Ultrasound and amoebic liver abscess
Authors: Vicary F R , Cusick G , Shirley I M , Blackwell R J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eight of 12 patients referred to an ultrasound clinic were eventually found to have a liver abscess. All 8 abscesses were confirmed positively by ultrasonic examination. Using ultrasound, an amoebic abscess can be accurately located within the liver and the optimal site for needling suggested to the clinician. Ultrasound is an accurate, non-invasive, diagnostic aid in this condition.
Mechanical suture methods in thoracic and abdominal surgery
Authors: Lawson W R , Hutchison J , Longland C J , Haque M A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Mechanical suturing procedures on the bowel, lung, bronchi and pulmonary vessels have been used on 264 occasions in 180 thoracic and abdominal operations. The instruments proved simple to use and produced reliable good quality closures, for the most part without manual reinforcement. There were 2 technical failures, one ending fatally, after colo-colostomy. Two minor postoperative suture leaks were encountered in 122 operations on the alimentary tract, but no leakage or other problem has arisen in 58 pulmonary cases.
The staple-suturing methods described are safe and straightforward, and it is believed that they represent a significant advance in the techniques of thoracic and abdominal surgery, which can usefully be applied in many situations.
The influence of penicillin on experimental wound contamination with staphylococci: Studies with chromic catgut and monofllament nylon closure
Authors: McCullough C J , Wheeler M H , Neale M L , Heard G E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This study examines the ability of penicillin to eradicate or modify the pattern of infection in experimental wounds contaminated with Staphylococcus pyogenes in the presence of chromic catgut or monofilament nylon suture. Penicillin therapy initiated within 4 days of the onset of infection was successful in eradicating infection when compared with untreated controls (P &lt; 0·01). Infection was modified but not eradicated if penicillin was administered from the seventh day. The response of infection to penicillin was identical in wounds containing monofilament nylon or chromic catgut over a 21-day period. Antibiotics given before wound drainage permitted healing of all chronically infected wounds even in the presence of monofilament nylon. When antibiotics were begun at the time of drainage, wound healing occurred in 50 per cent (P &lt; 0·01).
Parenteral nutrition in carcinoma of the oesophagus treated by surgery: Nitrogen balance and clinical studies
Authors: Moghissi K , Hornshaw J , Teasdale P R , Dawes E A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Nitrogen balance studies and clinical observations were made on two groups of patients suffering from obstructive carcinoma of the oesophagus.
In 10 patients (group A) parenteral nutrition with a high calorie and nitrogen content was given pre- and early postoperatively. Five patients (group B) received intravenous dextrose saline solution pre- and postoperatively with no nitrogen supply.
Patients in group A had a positive nitrogen balance before and after operation and had a satisfactory postoperative progress. The patients in group B had a negative nitrogen balance until the resumption of oral feeding and their postoperative progress was not as satisfactory as that of patients in group A.