bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Death‐signaling pathways in human myeloid cells by oxLDL and its cytotoxic components 7β‐hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol‐5β,6β‐epoxide
Authors: Lordan Sinéad , O'Callaghan Yvonne C. , O'Brien Nora M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOxidized low‐density lipoprotein contains many potentially proatherogenic molecules, including oxysterols, which have been shown to induce apoptosis in various cell lines. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathway of apoptosis induced by oxidized low‐density lipoprotein and the oxysterols, 7β‐hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol‐5β,6β‐epoxide, in two human monocytic cell lines. The HL‐60 cells appeared to be more sensitive to oxidized low‐density lipoprotein than U937 cells, whereas the isolated oxysterols were more potent inducers of apoptosis in the U937 cells. Caspase‐2 inhibition decreased the number of viable cells in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐treated samples; however, it protected against cholesterol‐5β,6β‐epoxide‐induced cell death. Western blot analysis was utilized to examine the effect of caspase‐2 inhibition on the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2. Pretreatment with the inhibitor protected against the decrease in Bcl‐2 expression in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐ and 7β‐hydroxycholesterol‐treated U937 cells. In HL‐60 cells, Bcl‐2 was overexpressed in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐treated cells, but in the presence of the inhibitor Bcl‐2 expression was returned to control levels. Depleted ATP concentrations in the cells suggest that both apoptosis and necrosis may have occurred simultaneously. Our results highlight differences in the signaling pathways induced by oxidized low‐density lipoprotein, 7β‐hydroxycholesterol, and cholesterol‐5β,6β‐epoxide in U937 and HL‐60 cells. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:362–372, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20198
Characterization of bromadiolone resistance in a danish strain of Norway rats, rattus norvegicus, by hepatic gene expression profiling of genes involved in vitamin k‐dependent γ‐carboxylation
Authors: Markussen Mette Drude , Heiberg Ann‐Charlotte , Fredholm Merete , Kristensen Michael 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe present study characterizes the anticoagulant resistance mechanism in a Danish bromadiolone‐resistant strain of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), with a Y139C VKORC1 mutation. We compared liver expression of the VKORC1 gene, which encodes a protein of the vitamin K 2,3‐epoxide reductase complex, the NQO1 gene, which encodes a NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase and the Calumenin gene between bromadiolone‐resistant and anticoagulant‐susceptible rats upon saline and bromadiolone administration. Additionally, we established the effect of bromadiolone on the gene expression in the resistant and susceptible phenotype. Bromadiolone had no effect on VKORC1 and NQO1 expression in resistant rats, but induced significantly Calumenin expression in the susceptible rats. Calumenin expression was similar between the resistant and the susceptible rats upon saline administration but twofold lower in resistant rats after bromadiolone treatment. These results indicate that Danish bromadiolone resistance does not involve an overexpression of calumenin. Independent of the treatment, we observed a low VKORC1 expression in resistant rats, which in conjugation with the Y139C polymorphism most likely explains the low VKOR activity and the enhanced need for vitamin K observed in Danish resistant rats. Furthermore the bromadiolone resistance was found to be associated with a low expression of the NQO1 gene. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:373–381, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20201
RETRACTED: Preventive effect of naringin on cardiac mitochondrial enzymes during isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction in rats: A transmission electron microscopic study
Authors: Rajadurai M. , Stanely Mainzen Prince P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDietary flavonoids intake has been reported inversely related to the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The present study is undertaken to evaluate the preventive role of naringin on mitochondrial enzymes in isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced myocardial infarction in male albino Wistar rats. Rats subcutaneously injected with ISO (85 mg/kg) at an interval of 24 h for 2 days, resulting in significant (p < 0.05) increase in the levels of mitochondrial lipid peroxides. ISO‐induction also showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the activities of mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes (isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) and respiratory chain enzymes (NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase). Oral pretreatment with naringin (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) to ISO‐induced rats daily for a period of 56 days significantly (p < 0.05) minimized the alterations in all the biochemical parameters and restored the normal mitochondrial function. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observations also correlated with these biochemical findings. Thus, our findings demonstrate that naringin prevents the mitochondrial dysfunction during ISO‐induced myocardial infarction in rats. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:354–361, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20203
Femtosecond opto‐magnetism: ultrafast laser manipulation of magnetic materials
Authors: Kimel A.V. , Kirilyuk A. , Rasing T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis review summarizes the recent progress in the study of ultrafast nonthermal effects of light on magnetic materials. It is demonstrated that due to opto‐magnetic phenomena an intense 100 fs circularly polarized laser pulse acts on the spins similar to an equivalently short effective magnetic field pulse up to 1 T. The review shows that using such opto‐magnetic phenomena one may selectively excite different modes of magnetic resonance, realize quantum control of magnons, trigger magnetic phase transitions and switch spins on a subpicosecond time‐scale. All these findings open new insights into the understanding of ultrafast magnetic excitation and, considering recent progress in the development of compact ultrafast lasers, may provide new prospects for applications of ultrafast opto‐magnetic phenomena in magnetic storage and information processing technology.
Therapeutic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Parkinson's disease: Analysis of [11C] raclopride PET study
Authors: Kim Ji Youn , Chung Eun Joo , Lee Won Yong , Shin Hee Young , Lee Gyeong Han , Choe Yearn‐Seong , Choi Yong , Kim Byeong Joon 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been used as a potential therapeutic tool in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the therapeutic value and/or the placebo effect of rTMS on PD remain to be elucidated. To investigate the therapeutic value and/or placebo effect of rTMS in PD, we compared the motor section of unified PD rating scale (UPDRS III) and the amount of extracellular dopamine concentration using [11C] raclopride PET before and after two sessions of rTMS in 9 PD patients. During a consecutive 2 days while off‐medication, two series of 15 trains of 5 Hz‐frequency rTMS (intensity, 90% of the resting motor threshold) were applied to the hand area of more severely symptomatic motor cortex (MC). After unilateral rTMS of MC, mean raclopride binding potentials (BPs) were reduced not only in putaminal and caudate areas on the stimulated side (−4.9% and −6.5%, respectively) (P > 0.05) but also in putaminal and caudate areas of nonstimulated hemispheres (−6.6%, P > 0.05 and −12.1%, P = 0.049, respectively). UPDRS III scores were significantly decreased (35.0 ± 14.1 to 32.0 ± 13.4, P = 0.049). A reduction of raclopride BP in nonstimulated ventral striatum by unilateral rTMS supports the placebo response during rTMS. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Nonmotor symptoms as presenting complaints in Parkinson's disease: A clinicopathological study
Authors: O'Sullivan Sean S. , Williams David R. , Gallagher David A. , Massey Luke A. , Silveira‐Moriyama Laura , Lees Andrew J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNonmotor symptoms (NMS) are increasingly recognized as a significant cause of morbidity in later stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). Prodromal NMS are also a well recognized component of the clinical picture in some patients but the prevalence of NMS as presenting complaints, and their impact on clinical management, in pathologically‐proven cases of PD is unknown. The presenting complaints of 433 cases of pathologically‐proven PD archived at the Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Diseases were identified from the clinical case notes. 91/433 (21%) of patients with PD presented with NMS of which the most frequent were pain (15%), urinary dysfunction (3.9%), anxiety, or depression (2.5%). Presenting with NMS is associated with a delayed diagnosis of PD (Mann‐Whitney U, P = 0.001). These patients were more likely to be misdiagnosed initially and were more likely to have been referred to orthopedeic surgeons or rheumatologists than neurologists (nonmotor group 5.5% vs. motor group 44.2%, χ2 P < 0.0001). NMS are commonly seen as presenting complaints in pathologically confirmed PD, and initial misdiagnosis may be associated with potentially inappropriate medical interventions. Presenting with NMS does not affect the motor response to medication, but is associated with shorter disease duration (χ2 P = 0.016). © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Adult polyglucosan body disease: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain and novel mutation in the GBE1 gene
Authors: Massa Roberto , Bruno Claudio , Martorana Alessandro , de Stefano Nicola , van Diggelen Otto P. , Federico Antonio 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAdult polyglucosan body disease (APBD) is characterized by the accumulation of insoluble glucose polymers within the central and peripheral nervous systems. A common missense mutation in the glycogen branching enzyme (GBE1) gene has been identified in Ashkenazi patients with APBD. We report on a non‐Jewish patient with APBD on whom we performed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of the brain. GBE activity in fibroblasts was markedly reduced, and a novel heterozygous mutation was identified in the GBE1 gene. Our findings widen the spectrum of APBD genotypes, underline the importance of performing GBE analysis in all APBD patients, and suggest that brain white matter degeneration in APBD may result from tissue damage involving axons and myelin. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Coupling dynamic mesh technique and heuristic algorithms in 3‐D‐tapered wing design
Authors: Vatandas Ergüven , Özkol İbrahim 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this study, Onera M6 wing has been optimized by two parameters, the wing section and the taper ratio, by combining the recent mostly preferable popular approaches, i.e. parallel computing and evolutionary techniques. For the 3‐D models, developed during the optimization stages, the mesh required has been generated by using dynamic mesh technique. The code developed for this is robust and faster than the codes that produce mesh only by classical techniques. An Euler flow solver (ACER3D) is used to obtain the flow parameters for each member. From the results, it is observed that the optimization process is working as expected. During the optimization process, the lift coefficient and the thickness ratio are tried to be maintained close to the design values determined at the beginning. The taper ratio becomes smaller and converges to a certain value, while the code tries to minimize the drag force. Additionally, this study can be used as a reference for 2‐D or 3‐D aerodynamic body optimization by using heuristic‐type algorithms, since all details are outlined, referenced, and interpreted with their advantages and disadvantages. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity analysis for dynamic mechanical systems with finite rotations
Authors: Brüls Olivier , Eberhard Peter 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a sensitivity analysis for dynamic systems with large rotations using a semi‐analytical direct differentiation technique. The choice of a suitable time integration strategy for the rotation group appears to be critical for the development of an efficient sensitivity analysis. Three versions of the generalized‐α time integration scheme are considered: a residual form, a linear form, and a geometric form. Their consistency is discussed, and we show that the residual form, which is the most direct extension of the generalized‐α algorithm defined in structural dynamics, should not be used for problems with large rotations. The sensitivity analysis is performed and close connections are highlighted between the structure of the sensitivity equations and of the linearized dynamic equations. Hence, algorithms developed for the original problem can be directly reused for the sensitivities. Finally, a numerical example is analysed in detail. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evaluation of limited‐memory sparse linear solvers for thermo‐mechanical applications
Authors: Teranishi Keita , Raghavan Padma , Sun Jun , Michaleris Panagiotis 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe consider the performance of sparse linear solvers for problems that arise from thermo‐mechanical applications. Such problems have been solved using sparse direct schemes that enable robust solution at the expense of memory requirements that grow non‐linearly with the dimension of the coefficient matrix. In this paper, we consider a class of preconditioned iterative solvers as a limited‐memory alternative to direct solution schemes. However, such preconditioned iterative solvers typically exhibit complex trade‐offs between reliability and performance. We therefore characterize such trade‐offs for systems from thermo‐mechanical problems by considering several preconditioning schemes including multilevel methods and those based on sparse approximate inversion and incomplete matrix factorization. We provide an analysis of computational costs and memory requirements for model thermo‐mechanical problems, indicating that certain incomplete factorization schemes can achieve good performance. We also provide empirical evaluations that corroborate our analysis and indicate the relative effectiveness of different solution schemes. Our results indicate that our drop‐threshold incomplete Cholesky preconditioning is more robust, efficient and flexible than other popular preconditioning schemes. In addition, we propose preconditioner reuse to amortize preconditioner construction cost over a sequence of linear systems that arise from non‐linear solutions in a plastic regime. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of multiple active components in Sheng‐Mai San, a Prescription of traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Chang Yi‐Wei , Yao Hsien‐Tsung , Chien Du‐Shieng , Yeh Teng‐Kuang 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn advanced and reliable HPLC‐MS method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of eight active components (ginsenosides Rf, Rg2, Rg3, Rh1 and Rh2, gomisin A, methylophioponanone B and schizandrin) in Sheng‐Mai San, a traditional Chinese medicine. The elution of multiple components was performed using a C18 column with stepwise gradient elution. The detection of individual analytes was monitored by electrospray MS scanning from 300 to 1000 m/z in the positive ion mode, with the limits of detection of these components ranging from 0.06 to 1 µg/mL at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of ≥5. The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracies ranged from 95.1 to 104.4%, and the overall precision was less than 9.3%. The recoveries of the analytes were ≥96.6%. The method was validated and found suitable for the determination of active components present in Sheng‐Mai San preparation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of volatile constituents isolated by hydrodistillation and headspace solid‐phase microextraction from Adenostyles briquetii Gamisans
Authors: Paolini Julien , Nasica Elodie , Desjobert Jean‐Marie , Muselli Alain , Bernardini Antoine‐François , Costa Jean 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe volatile fraction of the whole plant and separated organs of Adenostyles briquetii Gamisans (syn. Cacalia briquetii; family Asteraceae), an endemic species from Corsica, has been studied by headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME), GC and GC‐MS(EI and CI). A total of 141 components were identified, representing 93% of the entire amount. The volatile fraction was characterised by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (52.8%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (25.9%). The major components were germacrene D (18.5%), zingiberene (12.9%) and β‐oplopenone (10.8%). The influence of HS‐SPME parameters on the extraction of family components is reported for the first time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antecedents for aggression and the function analytic approach to the assessment of aggression and violence in personality disordered patients within secure settings
Authors: Daffern Michael , Howells Kevin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to explore the validity and clinical utility of a function analytic approach to the assessment of aggression and violence in patients with personality disorder. This paper begins with a review of the factors that are associated with aggression in personality disordered patients, and focuses in particular upon those patients whose aggressive and violent behaviour has been the reason for their admission to a secure facility, and who may continue to engage in aggression. Two approaches that may explain such aggression are discussed and evaluated: (1) the identification of personality traits that may influence aggression and (2) the differentiation of hostile and instrumental aggression. Some limitations with these two approaches are identified, and an argument is made for function analytic assessment methods. An overview of one form of functional assessment, the Assessment and Classification of Function method, which assists in the classification of differential forms of aggression, is provided. Finally, the clinical and treatment implications of the function analytic approach are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of personality and personality disorders on the treatment of depression
Authors: Gabbard Glen O. , Simonsen Erik 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIt is well known that the presence of personality disorder presents special challenges in the treatment of depression. In this clinical paper, we clarify the interrelationship between personality and depression; and suggest important implications for the psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy of patients who are comorbid with both conditions. Included in our considerations are the impact of genetically based temperament; perfectionism as a personality trait; the introjective and analytic subtypes of depression; and the role of early childhood trauma in altering the biology of the patient and affecting the therapeutic alliance. We used two clinical examples to illustrate the interplay between features of personality and the treatment of depression. We suggest that there is considerable reason for optimism if clinicians can re‐conceptualize the challenges presented by these patients. Instead of seeing them as treatment‐refractory, they can be regarded as requiring longer duration and different treatment strategies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of psychological treatments for people with personality disorder: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Duggan Conor , Huband Nick , Smailagic Nadja , Ferriter Michael , Adams Clive 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWhen in doubt, randomise.Archie Cochrane (1972)The National Forensic Research and Development Programme commissioned a systematic review of the pharmacological and psychological treatments for personality disorder. Building upon the earlier work, it systematically reviewed the literature up to 2002. Mindful that findings from such reviews need to be constantly updated if they are to continue to be of value, we decided to do so every four years using the same methodology, as in the earlier 2006 review, so as to provide an appropriate comparison. This report is the first of these updates but, for completeness, it also includes the findings from the earlier review. Due to limitations of space, it is restricted to only psychological interventions and to the findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This review therefore excludes evidence from other RCTs that were not included for methodological reasons and from other study designs (as described in the 2006 report), but these will be posted in the National Personality Disorder Institute web site (http://www.pdinstitute.org.uk). A similar report on the use of pharmacological interventions for these disorders will follow in the next edition of this journal. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological distress and quality of life associated with genetic testing for breast cancer risk
Authors: Smith Ashley Wilder , Dougall Angela Liegey , Posluszny Donna M. , Somers Tamara J. , Rubinstein Wendy S. , Baum Andrew 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study investigated short‐ and long‐term psychological outcomes associated with BRCA1/2 genetic testing in women with a personal or family history of breast cancer. Participants included 126 women considering genetic testing. Questionnaires were administered prior to testing, one week, three and six months after result disclosure. Results indicated no systematic effects of testing based on personal cancer history. Mutation carriers and women who elected not to be tested reported greater perceived risk and intrusive and avoidant thoughts at follow‐up time points than did women who received negative (uninformative) or variant results. Mutation carriers reported more distress at the three‐month follow‐up but by six months the effects of test result on distress dissipated and groups were comparable. Cluster analyses identified two groups of individuals based on distress at baseline; these groups were used to predict psychological outcomes after testing. Distress remained constant in both groups: those who were high at baseline remained high and those who were low remained low. Test results did not moderate this effect. Results suggest that genetic testing for BRCA1/2 does not increase distress or have deleterious effects on quality of life over the long term. However, sub‐groups of women may report more distress over time. These data indicate the need for more targeted counseling to individuals who report high levels of distress when considering genetic testing. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.