bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult psychiatric outcomes of young people who attended child and adolescent mental health services: a longitudinal total population study
Authors: Healy Colm , Lång Ulla , O’Hare Kirstie , Metsälä Johanna , O’Connor Karen , Lockhart Elaine , Byrne Nicola , Veijola Juha , Kajantie Eero , Ramsay Hugh , Kelleher Ian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
There is an unprecedented societal focus on young people’s mental health, including efforts to expand access to child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). There has, however, been a lack of research to date to investigate adult mental health outcomes of young people who attend CAMHS.

Methods
We linked Finland’s healthcare registries for all individuals born between 1987 and 1992. We investigated mental disorder diagnoses recorded in specialist adult mental health services (AMHS) and both inpatient and outpatient service use by age 29 (December 31, 2016) for former CAMHS patients.

Results
Before the end of their 20s, more than half (52.4%, n = 21,183) of all CAMHS patients had gone on to attend AMHS. The most prevalent recorded adult psychiatric diagnoses received by former CAMHS patients were depressive disorders (30%, n = 11,768), non-phobic anxiety disorders (21%, n = 7,910), alcohol use disorders (9.5%, n = 3,427), personality disorders (9.3%, n = 3,366), and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (7.6%, n = 2,945). In the total population, more than half of all AMHS appointments (53.1%, k = 714,239/1,345,060) were for former CAMHS patients. More than half of all inpatient psychiatry bed days were for former CAMHS patients (53.1%, k = 1,192,991/2,245,247).

Conclusion
While there is a strong focus on intervening in childhood and adolescence to reduce the burden of mental illness, these findings suggest that young people who receive childhood intervention very frequently continue to require specialist psychiatric interventions in adulthood, including taking up a majority of both outpatient and inpatient service use. These findings highlight the need for a greater focus on research to alter the long-term trajectories of CAMHS patients.
Trial-based economic evaluation of the BrainACT study: acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety and/or depressive symptoms after acquired brain injury
Authors: Osstyn Sander , Rauwenhoff Johanne , Handels Ron , de Vugt Marjolein E. , Evers Silvia , van Mastrigt Ghislaine A. P. G. , van Heugten Caroline M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Following acquired brain injury (ABI), individuals often experience anxiety and/or depressive symptoms. BrainACT is an adapted form of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) tailored to this target group. The current study is a trial-based health-economic evaluation comparing BrainACT to a psychoeducation and relaxation control treatment.

Methods
An economic evaluation from a societal perspective was conducted in the Netherlands alongside a multicenter randomized controlled two-armed parallel trial including 72 participants. A cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted where incremental costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and anxiety/depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score) were collected and presented over a 1-year follow-up period. Bootstrapping, scenario, and subgroup analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results.

Results
The BrainACT arm reported non-significant lower total costs (incremental difference of €−4,881; bootstrap interval €−12,139 to €2,330) combined with significantly decreased anxiety/depression (HADS) (3.2; bootstrap intervals 0.7–5.7). However, the total QALYs were non-significantly lower (−0.008; bootstrap interval −0.060 to 0.042) for BrainACT. The probability of the intervention being cost-effective was 86 percent at a willingness-to-accept threshold of €50,000/QALY. The scenario and subgroup analyses confirmed the robustness of the results.

Conclusion
BrainACT may be a more cost-effective alternative to a psychoeducation and relaxation intervention for anxiety and/or depressive symptoms following ABI. Despite limitations, BrainACT appears to be a promising addition to treatment options in the Netherlands. Further research is needed to validate these findings, and consideration should be given to implementing BrainACT in Dutch clinical settings with ongoing monitoring.
A study on the effects of rapid training method related to ship handling in decision-making skills under stressful situations
Authors: Xue Hui , Røds Johan-Fredrik , Haugseggen Øyvind , Christensen Anders Johan , Batalden Bjørn-Morten , Gudmestad Ove Tobias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Navigational safety is one of the important focuses of Maritime Education and Training (MET), and the quality of MET is the key to cultivating competent officers at sea. This study aims to understand better the effects of a rapid training method on ship handling and navigation in restricted waters, as well as decision-making skills under stressful situations. Tests were carried out in a simulator-based maritime training environment to explore the decision-making skills of maritime students in stressful situations under different training levels and methods. This study compares routine maritime training and task-aimed rapid training in improving manoeuvring and navigational and decision-making skills, and examines the training outcomes. The data used in this study is based on comparing the task performance and stress levels of the two groups of students using simulator-based training results from a designed scenario. The results analyse the training outcomes of decision-making skills and maritime operation performance by applying a specific decision-making model. In addition, the impact of students' stress levels was examined, both subjectively and objectively. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for the design of future MET. The research helps enhance decision-making skills in maritime training programmes and understanding how learning in simulator-based maritime training environments can be improved.
Inventing Birthright: The Nineteenth-Century Fabrication of jus soli and jus sanguinis
Authors: Perl-Rosenthal Nathan , Erman Sam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Formal membership in a state has been an essential political status for well over a century. It is typically gained at birth, either jus soli or jus sanguinis. Jus soli assigns nationality by birth in a nation's territory; jus sanguinis assigns children their parents’ nationality. This article provides an alternative intellectual history of the modern dominance of these principles for attributing nationality. Contrary to prior scholarship, soli and sanguinis were not restatements of existing principles. The soli/sanguinis binary was a nineteenth-century invention. Old-regime European empires attributed membership in the community under one or another single natural law principle. Parentage and birthplace were mostly evidence of conformity. In the early nineteenth century, officials in multiple jurisdictions began prioritizing positive law above natural law and transformed parentage and birthplace into competing principles for assigning nationality. This movement crystallized in 1860 when Charles Demolombe introduced jus soli and jus sanguinis to nationality law as competing, ostensibly ancient legal traditions. The framework spread quickly because it was a useful way to assign nationality despite states’ conflicting approaches to political membership. Yet, as its role in United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898) helps illustrate, the invented tradition has also obscured our understanding of more complex historical dynamics.
Sorghum halepense (Johnsongrass): A review of the invasion, management, and spread in the changing climate of the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Schantz Merilynn C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Johnsongrass), an invasive tallgrass, actively inhabits grassland ecosystems of North America. The grasslands ecoregions of the southern Great Plains are particularly susceptible to S. halepense invasion and dominance because of its preferential growth in continental climate zones coupled with its ability to readily colonize recent disturbances associated with declining livestock grazing and anthropogenic energy and housing development. Controlling S. halepense via chemical or mechanical inputs can reduce plant species’ abundance temporarily, but are typically followed by S. halepense re-establishment. S. halepense does, however, provide high quality forage and appears to withstand the frequent drought and flooding events associated with climate change in southern Great Plains ecosystems. In this review, the benefits and drawbacks of S. halepense in southern Great Plains grassland ecosystems are discussed and areas where research on this species could be expanded are identified.
Channelized Thermal Emission, Promethean‐Type Jets and Surface Changes on Io From Juno Stellar Reference Unit Imagery
Authors: Becker Heidi N. , Schenk Paul M. , Lopes Rosaly M. C. , Brennan Martin J. , Florence Meghan M. , Mura Alessandro , Tosi Federico , Lunine Jonathan I. , Alexander James W. , Ravine Michael A. , Hansen Candice J. , Bolton Scott J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDuring Juno's close flybys of Io in 2023 and 2024, its low‐light sensitive Stellar Reference Unit (SRU) was used to conduct a high‐resolution visible wavelength (450–1,100 nm) imaging campaign under Jupiter‐shine illumination. The SRU acquired Juno's highest resolution image of Io's surface (895–1,230 m/pixel) in December 2023 at a high Jupiter‐shine phase angle of ∼110°. The image reveals structural changes in Zal Patera since Galileo (1999–2000) and multiple forms of active volcanism within the Zal Montes‐Patera complex, including Promethean‐type jets at the flow fronts of a new Zal Patera flow branch. The SRU's sensitivity at redder wavelengths enabled the detection of thermal emission from an active lava channel to the west of South Zal Mons. An additional emission signature is seen at the base of a vertical mountain fracture on the western flank of South Zal Mons, suggestive of a tectonically influenced source vent. Indeed, the SRU's observations in this region suggest a close relationship between mountains and volcanism on Io. The SRU data also provide the first high‐resolution view of the geomorphology of the eruptive center Tonatiuh, revealing it to be a compound Promethean‐style flow field. SRU imagery from subsequent flybys in February and April 2024 suggest high volcanic activity in the Lei‐zi Fluctus region and show increased expansion of the large Masubi flow field in Io's southern hemisphere. Now containing ∼1,600 km of lava flows, Masubi is the longest currently active flow field in the solar system.
A tumor-secreted protein utilizes glucagon release to cause host wasting
Authors: Ding Guangming , Li Yingge , Cheng Chen , Tan Kai , Deng Yifei , Pang Huiwen , Wang Zhongyuan , Dang Peixuan , Wu Xing , Rushworth Elisabeth , Yuan Yufeng , Yang Zhiyong , Song Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Tumor‒host interaction plays a critical role in malignant tumor-induced organ wasting across multiple species. Despite known regulation of regional wasting of individual peripheral organs by tumors, whether and how tumors utilize critical host catabolic hormone(s) to simultaneously induce systemic host wasting, is largely unknown. Using the conserved yki3SA-tumor model in Drosophila, we discovered that tumors increase the production of adipokinetic hormone (Akh), a glucagon-like catabolic hormone, to cause systemic host wasting, including muscle dysfunction, lipid loss, hyperglycemia, and ovary atrophy. We next integrated RNAi screening and Gal4-LexA dual expression system to show that yki3SA-gut tumors secrete Pvf1 to remotely activate its receptor Pvr in Akh-producing cells (APCs), ultimately promoting Akh production. The underlying molecular mechanisms involved the Pvf1-Pvr axis that triggers Mmp2-dependent ECM remodeling of APCs and enhances innervation from the excitatory cholinergic neurons. Interestingly, we also confirmed the similar mechanisms governing tumor-induced glucagon release and organ wasting in mammals. Blockade of either glucagon or PDGFR (homolog of Pvr) action efficiently ameliorated organ wasting in the presence of malignant tumors. Therefore, our results demonstrate that tumors remotely promote neural-associated Akh/glucagon production via Pvf1-Pvr axis to cause systemic host wasting.
Loss-of-function mutations in the dystonia gene THAP1 impair proteasome function by inhibiting PSMB5 expression
Authors: Ramage Dylan E. , Grant Drew W. , Timms Richard T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The 26S proteasome is a multi-catalytic protease that serves as the endpoint for protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Proteasome function requires the concerted activity of 33 distinct gene products, but how the expression of proteasome subunits is regulated in mammalian cells remains poorly understood. Leveraging coessentiality data from the DepMap project, here we characterize an essential role for the dystonia gene THAP1 in maintaining the basal expression of PSMB5. PSMB5 insufficiency resulting from loss of THAP1 leads to defects in proteasome assembly, impaired proteostasis and cell death. Exploiting the fact that the toxicity associated with loss of THAP1 can be rescued upon exogenous expression of PSMB5, we define the transcriptional targets of THAP1 through RNA-seq analysis and perform a deep mutational scan to systematically assess the function of thousands of single amino acid THAP1 variants. Altogether, these data identify THAP1 as a critical regulator of proteasome function and suggest that aberrant proteostasis may contribute to the pathogenesis of THAP1 dystonia.
Adult ADHD predicts intimate partner violence perpetration and victimization irrespective of gender and age
Authors: Merscher Johannes , Barra Steffen , Xander Anika May , Patrasc Paula Gratiela , Retz-Junginger Petra , Retz Wolfgang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Understanding the determinants of intimate partner violence (IPV) from perpetrator and victim perspectives has become a major objective of behavioral science. Empirical evidence suggests that adults at risk for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), compared to the general population, tend to have more conflictual partnerships, and the presence of ADHD increases the risk of aggressive behavior. Possible influences of gender have not been sufficiently investigated yet. Using data from an anonymous online survey, this study examined the relationship between ADHD and IPV in 316 male and female individuals with (n = 131) and without (n = 185) ADHD. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that adults at risk for ADHD had more frequently become both victims and perpetrators of IPV compared to the healthy control group. ADHD achieved significant incremental variance over gender and age. Thus, the presence of ADHD seems to be an important risk factor for IPV irrespective of gender and age. Accordingly, research and treatment approaches focusing on ADHD must not neglect the risk of IPV among patients but should offer specific psychological support.
Molecular characterization of some multidrug resistant Candida Auris in egypt
Authors: Ahmed Sara H. , El-Kholy Iman M. A. , El-Mehalawy Adel A. , Mahmoud Eman M. , Elkady Nadia A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast that causes healthcare-associated and deep-seated infections. Notably, the emergence of this yeast is alarming as it exhibits resistance to azoles, echinocandins, and amphotericin B, which may lead to clinical treatment failure in patients. This study aims to identify and characterize the genetic determinants of antifungal resistance in C. auris among some local clinical isolates to contribute for understanding the molecular epidemiology of C. auris in Egypt. Four test strains were identified based on the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Antifungal susceptibility was determined using the VITEK 2 system. Molecular analysis of ERG11, ERG3, FKS1, and FKS2 was used to identify mutations associated with antifungal resistance. The four test strains were identified as C. auris. Evolutionary analysis was conducted, and sequences of ITS regions were submitted to GenBank. The mutations Y132F in ERG11 and F635Y in FKS2 were identified, which are known to confer resistance to azoles and echinocandins, respectively. The emergence of C. auris in Egypt represents a public health concern. Hospitals should implement strict infection control measures to prevent its spread. Effective treatment guidelines and ongoing monitoring of antifungal resistance are essential to combat this emerging pathogen.
Ultrafast dynamics of hot carriers: Theoretical approaches based on real-time propagation of carrier distributions
Authors: Sjakste Jelena , Sen Raja , Vast Nathalie , Saint-Martin Jerome , Ghanem Mohammad , Dollfus Philippe , Murphy-Armando Felipe , Kanasaki Junichi 
Published: February 2025

In recent years, computational approaches which couple density functional theory (DFT)-based description of the electron–phonon and phonon–phonon scattering rates with the Boltzmann transport equation have been shown to obtain the electron and thermal transport characteristics of many 3D and 2D semiconductors in excellent agreement with experimental measurements. At the same time, progress in the DFT-based description of the electron–phonon scattering has also allowed to describe the non-equilibrium relaxation dynamics of hot or photo-excited electrons in several materials, in very good agreement with time-resolved spectroscopy experiments. In the latter case, as the time-resolved spectroscopy techniques provide the possibility to monitor transient material characteristics evolving on the femtosecond and attosecond time scales, the time evolution of photo-excited, nonthermal carrier distributions has to be described. Similarly, reliable theoretical approaches are needed to describe the transient transport properties of devices involving high energy carriers. In this review, we aim to discuss recent progress in coupling the ab initio description of materials, especially that of the electron–phonon scattering, with the time-dependent approaches describing the time evolution of the out-of-equilibrium carrier distributions, in the context of time-resolved spectroscopy experiments as well as in the context of transport simulations. We point out the computational limitations common to all numerical approaches, which describe time propagation of strongly out-of-equilibrium carrier distributions in 3D materials, and discuss the methods used to overcome them.
Addressing productivity of supplementation of weaners and replacement females in the seasonally dry rangelands of northern Australia: a modelling approach
Authors: Niethe G. , Quigley S. P. , Holmes P. R. , Callaghan M. J. , Schatz T. J. , McLennan S. R. , Poppi D. P. 
Published: February 2025

Context Increasing cow reproduction rates and annual liveweight gain present the best opportunity for maximising profitability of cattle herds in the seasonally dry rangelands of northern Australia. Herd-management and feed-base strategies exist and target heifer reproduction, liveweight of steers, and herd structure to increase whole-of-herd productivity. Aims To use a desk-top model to determine the effect of supplementation in the first or second dry season after weaning on the break-even thresholds of the long-term productivity and profitability of an entire beef enterprise in response to changes in supplement costs and steer prices. Methods Whole-of-herd desktop analyses were conducted using an Excel© version of the Breedcow Dynama software on a modelled cattle breeding herd in the Victoria River District and Katherine regions of the Northern Territory, Australia. Key results Gross margins across the entire herd were increased in response to supplementation of weaners to achieve an extra 0.3 kg/day liveweight gain in the first dry season, with a break-even threshold of AU$678/t of supplement when steer prices were AU$3.50/kg liveweight. A concentrated supplementation period of heifers in the second dry season after weaning to achieve 0.8 kg/day had a break-even threshold of AU$696/t at the same price structure. Conclusions At recent steer prices and supplement costs, feeding all weaners in the first dry season after weaning, or just the heifer cohort for a short duration in the second dry season after weaning increased gross margins across the entire cattle herd and altered herd structure. The application of a sensitivity analysis demonstrated the steer price and supplement-cost thresholds, at which weaner supplementation is likely to be profitable. Implications These results have provided evidence and a framework for decision-making to assess the potential financial benefits associated with weaner and yearling heifer supplementation. The approach and results will assist producers to make tactical or strategic decisions on the adoption of weaner supplementation and the development of novel feeding systems in cattle breeding herds located in the seasonally dry rangelands of northern Australia within prevailing economic conditions. Moreover, they have provided target supplement costs by which to identify potential new supplements or feeding scenarios.
Oral COVID-19 antiviral prescribing in Australian general practice – a retrospective observational study
Authors: Thomas Judith , Kamalakkannan Abbish , Prgomet Mirela , Gardner Karina , McGuire Precious , Campbell Geoffrey , Georgiou Andrew 
Published: February 2025

Background This study aimed to gain a comprehensive understanding of oral COVID-19 antiviral prescribing in Australian general practice. Methods The study was a retrospective observational cohort study. Routinely collected, de-identified, Australian general practice consultation and prescription data was used with permission from participating primary health networks, from 938 general practices between March 2022 and September 2023. Study cohorts were patients aged ≥15 encompassing (i) an ‘antiviral cohort’ comprising patient records with ≥1 oral COVID-19 antiviral prescription/s and (ii) a ‘comparison cohort’ of remaining records. Primary outcome measures were the frequency and type of oral COVID-19 antivirals prescribed, and sociodemographic and health characteristics of patients prescribed antivirals. Secondary measures were the frequency of antiviral repeat prescribing and consultation modality. Results Within the study population of 3,813,051 patients, oral COVID-19 antivirals were prescribed to 3.39% (129,267) of patients including 14.79% (82,215/555,757) of patients aged ≥70 years. Molnupiravir prescribing exceeded nirmatrelvir–ritonavir across all study months. Proportionally, antiviral prescribing was higher in the female population (74,709/2,059,676: 3.63%), Victoria (81,184/2,222,837: 3.65%), residing in high socioeconomic advantage areas (87,530/2,224,501: 3.93%), and ages 80–84 years (16,419/100,911: 16.27%). Of patients prescribed COVID-19 antivirals, 7.27% (9402/129,267) had repeat prescribing. Cardiovascular and musculoskeletal conditions were the most prevalent chronic diagnoses, and telehealth (58,660/107,727: 54.45%) exceeded face-to-face consultations. Conclusions Oral COVID-19 antiviral prescribing volumes in general practice may serve as an indicator of periods of increased transmission of COVID-19, through increases in prescribing activity. Telehealth exceeding face-to-face for oral COVID-19 antiviral prescribing supports continued access to telehealth to reduce exposure to COVID-19 and provide time-critical access to treatment.