bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Issues Related to the Public and Regulatory Acceptance of Performance Standards for Wastes Remaining on Hazardous Waste Sites
Authors: Barich JJ , Mason BJ 
Published: March 2009

Stabilization/solidification is suitable as a permanent remedial measure for hazardous waste sites whenever the performance standards fulfill regulatory requirements and public expectations. The acceptability of performance standards is a function of the compliance points selected for the site, the test methods specified to evaluate the performance of the stabilized waste, and the analytical procedures (models) used to relate test data to performance standards at the compliance points.
Performance standards derive from natural resource or health risk assessments and from the identification and analysis of regulatory requirements. Performance standards also include the minimal acceptable engineering and geotechnical properties of the stabilized waste. The compliance points are the locations where and frequencies when monitoring occurs. Test methods range from fully peer reviewed and approved to nonstandard. Data acquired with approved methods is easier to defend. Nonstandard test methods may address more directly site-specific requirements. Analytical models are used frequently to interpret data. Models range from simple (for example, multiplication by unity) to complex.
Issues related to the regulatory and public acceptance of stabilization or solidification performance standards are discussed.
Cementation of Borate Waste by Adding Slaked Lime
Authors: Kim J-H , Kim H-Y , Park H-H , Suh I-S 
Published: March 2009

With regard to the cementation of the evaporator concentrate from pressurized water reactors, this study identifies the operating conditions giving properly coherent waste forms of a high volume reduction factor, high compressive strength, and good workability without the development of freestanding water. Simulated waste specimens prepared by varying the mixing ratios of simulated borate waste [boric acid (H3BO3) 12% by weight, pH 9], Portland cement, and slaked lime were tested. The results appear in a three-phase diagram depicting the proper blending necessary to yield final products possessing a compressive strength of over 15 MPa and a volume reduction factor above 0.65.
The solubility of sodium borate is higher than that of H3BO3, and cementation of a concentrated borate solution (24 wt% H3BO3, pH 9) was therefore also tested. The region of over 15 MPa of compressive strength with a volume reduction factor of over 0.6 based on the waste volume was identified. By increasing the H3BO3 concentration in the waste from 12 to 24 wt%, the actual volume was reduced by an additional factor of about two.
Variability in the Diagnostic Labeling of Nonbacterial Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Multicenter Study of Children Who Presented to the Emergency Department
Authors: Mansbach Jonathan M. , Espinola Janice A. , Macias Charles G. , Ruhlen Michael E. , Sullivan Ashley F. , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVE. The diagnostic labeling of presumed nonbacterial lower respiratory tract infection is unclear. Our objective was to identify patterns of specific diagnoses and treatments that were given to children who presented with lower respiratory tract infection to US academic emergency departments.METHODS. Data were collected on all children who were aged &lt;2 years and had lower respiratory tract infection symptoms during a similar 2- to 3-week winter period at 4 pairs of emergency departments from the same state or region. The children were identified by using relevant International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes in the primary diagnosis field. Data were collected by using standardized chart review forms for the index emergency department visit and also for 1 month before through 1 year after the index visit.RESULTS. Among the 928 children who presented with lower respiratory tract infection symptoms, 676 (73%) were younger than 12 months and 624 (67%) had a primary diagnosis of bronchiolitis. When comparing the assigned diagnoses between emergency department pairs, bronchiolitis was the more common diagnosis at certain hospitals, whereas asthma, cough, and wheeze were more frequent at others. Independent predictors of corticosteroid treatment were visiting specific emergency departments, older age, an asthma diagnosis (compared with bronchiolitis), documented history of wheezing, observed wheezing during the index visit, eosinophil values &gt;4%, previous use of corticosteroids, and parental history of asthma.CONCLUSIONS. For children who are age &lt;2 years and present to an emergency department with lower respiratory tract infection symptoms, there is large variability in the assigned diagnosis. Children who present to emergency departments that more commonly diagnose lower respiratory tract infection as “asthma” are more likely to receive corticosteroids. As clinicians, we need to develop evidence- and outcome-based definitions for lower respiratory tract infections to guide diagnosis and treatment better.
CD133-Expressing Stem Cells Associated with Ovarian Metastases Establish an Endothelial Hierarchy and Contribute to Tumor Vasculature
Authors: Kusumbe Anjali P. , Mali Avinash M. , Bapat Sharmila A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Recruitment and localization of endothelial precursors within tumors is a potential area for the development of therapeutics, because their functional contribution to tumor vasculature is realized to be important for cancer cell survival. However, the exact nature of the recruited cell type and cellular events orchestrating the entire phenomenon remains obscure. We report that human ovarian cancer is frequently associated with cells expressing the stem cell surface marker CD133. We further show that these CD133-expressing cells are nontumorigenic in nature, and they augment tumor development through their vasculogenic potential. This cell population is attracted by cancer stem cells (CSCs) and retains a direct physical association within the CSC-derived spheroids. Our study further delineates the contribution of these vasculogenic CD133+ stem cells, termed by us as endothelial stem cells (EnSCs) to the developing tumor vasculature during disease progression. In support of their being stem cells, the EnSCs have a capability of establishing an entire endothelial cell hierarchy. We conclude that such EnSCs play a crucial role in ensuring the development of long-term tumor vasculature to complement CSC-driven tumor development and disease progression.
Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Resource-Limited Settings: The Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation Experience
Authors: Spensley Allison , Sripipatana Tabitha , Turner Abigail Norris , Hoblitzelle Chuck , Robinson Joanna , Wilfert Catherine 
Published: March 2009

Objectives. In September 1999, the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation initiated a multicountry, service-based programmatic effort in the developing world to reduce perinatally acquired HIV infection. We review 6½ years of one of the world's largest programs for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. Methods. Each PMTCT facility records patient data in antenatal clinics and labor and delivery settings about counseling, testing, HIV status, and antiretroviral prophylaxis and submits the data to foundation staff. Results. More than 2.6 million women have accessed foundation-affiliated services through June 2006. Overall, 92.9% of women who received antenatal care or were eligible for PMTCT services in labor and delivery have been counseled, and 82.8% of those counseled accepted testing. Among women identified as HIV positive, 75.0% received antiretroviral prophylaxis (most a single dose of nevirapine), as did 45.6% of their infants. Conclusions. The foundation's experience has demonstrated that opt-out testing, supplying mothers with medication at time of diagnosis, and providing the infant dose early have measurably improved program efficiency. PMTCT should be viewed as an achievable paradigm and an essential part of the continuum of care.
RNA interference against Biot2, a novel mouse testis — specific gene, inhibits the growth of tumor cells
Authors: Wang Chun-Ting , Zhang Peng , Wang Yong-Sheng , Ruan Xu-Zhi , Li Zhi-Yong , Peng Feng , Yang Han-Shuo , Wei Yu-Quan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBiot2 is a novel murine testis-specific gene that was first identified using the SEREX technique, and named by our laboratory. Using conventional RT-PCR and real time RT-PCR, we tested the expression profile of Biot2 in normal tissues and various murine tumor cell lines. Using RNA interference, we studied the biological function of Biot2 in tumorigenesis. We applied various types of growth assay, such as the in vitro MTT, colony-forming and BrdU incorporation assays, along with in vivo tumorigenicity assays, to reveal its inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. The results revealed that the Biot2 transcript was detected only and strongly in the testis tissues and abundantly in five types of murine cancer cell line. Treating B16 murine melanoma, LL/2 murine Lewis lung carcinoma and CT26 murine colorectal adenocarcinoma with special shRNA targeting Biot2 can significantly reduce the proliferation rate of these three tumor cell lines in vitro, as measured by the MTT, colony-forming and BrdU incorporation assays. The tumorigenicity of the CT26 cells transfected with special shRNA targeting Biot2 was also decreased distinctly in vivo compared with the control. It was therefore concluded that Biot2 plays a key role in tumorigenesis and could be a potential target for biotherapy.
Dielectric spectroscopy of liquid crystals. Theoretical model of ITO electrodes influence on dielectric measurements
Authors: Perkowski P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIndium tin oxide (ITO) layers are widely used to make electrodes in measuring cells, because these layers are transparent and electrooptical investigations can be performed using such prepared cells. It was found during the dielectric spectroscopy measurements, performed for smectic liquid crystalline mixture, that it is not possible to detect some important relaxation modes in paraelectric SmA*, ferroelectric SmC*, and antiferroelectric SmCA* phases for the frequencies higher than 300 kHz. The measuring cell does not allow to measure relaxations, because its own dielectric behaviour covers the dielectric response of a liquid crystalline medium. One can observe the spurious contribution for high frequency part of the dielectric spectrum, due to the finite resistance of ITO layers. The theoretical model was introduced, which shows how to calculate relaxations related to liquid crystals from dielectric response of the empty and filled measuring cell. The proof of strong influence of cell properties on effective (measuring) values of dielectric permittivities was shown.
Data Integration Realizes the Promise of Multidisciplinary Efforts
Authors: Bashore William M. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The use of multidisciplinary teams for reservoir management is becomingcustomary throughout the industry. Technology improvements in the areas ofintegrated database systems and data visualization environments are assistingthese asset-based teams. However, integration in the full sense, where data ofdiverse type, quantity, quality, resolution, and relationship are combinedappropriately to condition models upon which decisions are made, is far lessglobally applied. Much of this deficiency is due to a lack of knowledge aboutavailable integration technologies, minimal understanding and appreciation forthe power of the application of these technologies, and inaccessiblity to toolsembodying these technologies for performing many levels of integration. Examples of such integration are given to promote awareness that technologiesdo exist and are commercially available and to facilitate realizing the synergyfrom multidisciplinary efforts.

Introduction
As the focus of the oil and gas industry shifts from exploration for newreserves to the exploitation of existing fields, much discussion has centeredon realizing the potential of multidisciplinary reservoir characterization. Thecentral theme is that each applied discipline in the geosciences and inreservoir engineering is observing the same reservoir except in different ways. If a reconciliation of these different observations can be achieved, then theresulting model of the reservoir should be better, and possibly quitesignificantly, than any model produced solely by an individual discipline.
If this synergy of multidisciplinary integration is to have its promisedeffect on the description of the reservoir, on the distribution of hydrocarbonswithin it, and on the movement of the fluids as the reservoir is produced, thenorganizations and the technologies they employ should be tailored to achievingsuch results. In fact, extensive efforts are underway within many companies inresponse to the paradigm shift of resources from exploration to production.
Integrating 3D Seismic and Geostatistics; Building a 3D Model of a Tertiary Deltaic and Shallow Marine Deposit, Malay Basin, Offshore Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Yarus Jeffrey M. , Yang Kexian , Sriisraporn Somchai , Chuemthaisong Nutthawut , Sangwongwanich Kanit 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This paper will present a practical implementation of geostatisticalmethodologies through a case study in the Malay Basin of the Gulf of Thailand. The field is Tertiary in age and has been identified as a tide dominated deltawith associated shallow marine deposits. The reservoir consists of eightsequences defined from well logs, borehole images, core data and 3D seismic. The conceptual model derived from the data reveals adetailed reservoir facies architecture consisting of a tide dominated clastic shallow marine and deltaicenvironment. Distinctive sedimentological structure and texture in eachsedimentological facies can be observed from well data. Seismic attributeimages extracted for individual sedimentological layers provided important information about the distribution pattern of the facies. These data were usedto construct a complex 3D-reservoir model utilizing the principles ofstochastic modeling. The final upscaled models preserved the criticalheterogeneities and were prepared for fluid flow studies.

Introduction
Geostatistical approaches have become popular over the last few yearsbecause they have proven to be very successful in modeling complex hydrocarbonreservoirs. In addition to its ability to use both quantitative and qualitative data, and incorporate geologic or geophysical trends including seismicattribute data, geostatistics provides a rigorous framework for assessing theuncertainties of model results. The modeling process is neither simple norfast, but results provide for a better understanding of reservoir heterogeneityits implications on field development.

Seismic Integration and 3D Modeling
In order to get a best understanding of the complicated reservoir faciesarchitecture, an integrated study was carried out based on seismic data, welllogs, borehole image, core data and previous studies of regional geology. Different geostatistical techniques were used to incorporate the geologicalinformation into the 3D geological computer model.
Shallow Water Flows: A Problem Solved or a Problem Emerging
Authors: Alberty Mark W. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
In the 15 years since the first shallow water flow (SWF) was observed in thedeep water Gulf of Mexico, operators have developed a suite of strategies andproducts to combat SWF's. Shallow water flows are geopressured sands that are drilled before the well design will allow the drilling system to typically behydraulically closed to provide an overbalanced environment.
Early efforts in combating SWF's were focused upon the hydraulic isolationof the encountered pressure in the sands when a marine riser was not present toprovide a hydrostaticly over-balanced environment to run and cement casing. Tools and strategies developed or employed to combat this problem included SWFcement formulations, external casing packers, annular shut-off seals andvalves.
As fields moved from discovery to development, the effects of the erosion ofsand associated with the under-balanced drilling of shallow geopressured sandsbecame a paramount concern. A new set of tools and strategies were develop tocombat this new manifestation of shallow water flows which included the use ofoversized marine risers, drilling with weighted mud and returns to theseafloor, and, yet to be deployed, rotating subsea BOP stacks and dual gradientdrilling systems.
Subtlety hidden amongst these major developments are indications of problemsthat have the potential to widen the difficulties that burden exploration anddevelopment in shallow water flow environments. The need to drill to deepertargets will increase the need to set 20" casing deeper which makesformerly benign SWF areas potentially high risk areas. The need to set casingdeeper places geopressured sands above the tail cement where hydraulicisolation is much less reliable due to cement contamination and channeling. Theerosion of sand at isolated well locations leaves cavities unfilled with cementthat provide no lateral support to casing, reducing the capacity of casing to bear vertical strain. The erosion of sand and release of geopressured brineproduces compaction which disturbs the strength of overly soils and increasesthe potential of narrowing the pore pressure fracture gradient window.
CDH1 Genotype Exploration in Women With Hereditary Lobular Breast Cancer Phenotype
Authors: Corso Giovanni , Marino Elena , Zanzottera Cristina , Oliveira Carla , Bernard Loris , Macis Debora , Figueiredo Joana , Pereira Joana , Carneiro Patrícia , Massari Giulia , Barberis Massimo , De Scalzi Alessandra Margherita , Taormina Sergio Vincenzo , Sajjadi Elham , Sangalli Claudia , Gandini Sara , D’Ecclesiis Oriana , Trovato Cristina Maria , Rotili Anna , Pesapane Filippo , Nicosia Luca , La Vecchia Carlo , Galimberti Viviana , Guerini-Rocco Elena , Bonanni Bernardo , Veronesi Paolo 
Published: April 2024

ImportancePathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline CDH1 variants are associated with risk for diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer (LBC) in the so-called hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) syndrome. However, in some circumstances, LBC can be the first manifestation of this syndrome in the absence of diffuse gastric cancer manifestation.ObjectivesTo evaluate the frequency of germline CDH1 variants in women with the hereditary LBC (HLBC) phenotype, somatic CDH1 gene inactivation in germline CDH1 variant carriers’ tumor samples, and the association of genetic profiles with clinical-pathological data and survival.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis single-center, longitudinal, prospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2021, with follow-up until January 31, 2023. Women with LBC seen at the European Institute of Oncology were included. Testing for germline CDH1, BRCA1, and BRCA2 genes was performed. Somatic profiling was assessed for germline CDH1 carriers.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAccurate estimates of prevalence of germline CDH1 variants among patients with HLBC and the association of somatic sequence alteration with HLBC syndrome. The Kaplan-Meier method and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model were applied for overall and disease-free survival analysis.ResultsOf 5429 cases of primary LBC, familial LBC phenotype accounted for 1867 (34.4%). A total of 394 women with LBC were tested, among whom 15 germline CDH1 variants in 15 unrelated families were identified. Among these variants, 6 (40.0%) were P/LP, with an overall frequency of 1.5% (6 of 394). Of the 6 probands with P/LP CDH1 LBC, 5 (83.3%) had a positive family history of BC and only 1 (16.7%) had sporadic juvenile early-onset LBC. No germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants were identified in CDH1 carriers. An inactivating CDH1 mechanism (second hit) was identified in 4 of 6 explored matched tumor samples (66.7%) in P/LP germline carriers. The P/LP CDH1 LBC variant carriers had a significantly lower age at diagnosis compared with the group carrying CDH1 variants of unknown significance or likely benign (42.5 [IQR, 38.3-43.0] vs 51.0 [IQR, 45.0-53.0] years; P = .03).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, P/LP germline CDH1 variants were identified in individuals not fulfilling the classic clinical criteria for HDGC screening, suggesting that identification of these variants may provide a novel method to test women with LBC with early age at diagnosis and/or positive family history of BC.
M2 Macrophage‐Derived Exosomes Inhibiting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps for Ischemic Stroke Therapy
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Qing Hongrui , Li Ran , Li Xue , Guo Xing , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are highly associated with inflammatory response and vascular injury after ischemic stroke. As the primary degrader of NETs, DNase 1 is limited by easy deactivation and low efficiency of crossing the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). Here, CD206+ M2‐like macrophages‐derived exosomal (M2exo) system is developed for DNase 1 delivery to achieve enhanced ischemic stroke therapy. The nanoplatform can cross the BBB through transcytosis of exosomes, subsequently clearing NETs by DNase 1 to inhibit inflammatory factors release and prevent vascular injury. Moreover, M2exo induces the polarization of M1 microglia to M2 phenotype, alleviating neuroinflammation via producing anti‐inflammatory cytokines. This nanoplatform exhibits significant efficiency in reducing brain infarct area, improving long‐term neurologic outcomes, and promoting BBB remodeling. The mechanism for the synergistic effect from M2exo and DNase 1 is unveiled at the genetic level through transcriptome analysis. This work provides a paradigm for improving the effectiveness of ischemic stroke therapy.
An Elastin‐Derived Composite Matrix for Enhanced Vascularized and Innervated Bone Tissue Reconstruction: From Material Development to Preclinical Evaluation
Authors: Mahmoudi Nadia , Roque Micaela , Paiva Dos Santos Bruno , Oliveira Hugo , Siadous Robin , Rey Sylvie , Garanger Elisabeth , Lecommandoux Sébastien , Catros Sylvain , Garbay Bertrand , Amédée Vilamitjana Joëlle 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite progress in bone tissue engineering, reconstruction of large bone defects remains an important clinical challenge. Here, a biomaterial designed to recruit bone cells, endothelial cells, and neuronal fibers within the same matrix is developed, enabling bone tissue regeneration. The bioactive matrix is based on modified elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) grafted with laminin‐derived adhesion peptides IKVAV and YIGSR, and the SNA15 peptide for retention of hydroxyapatite (HA) particles. The composite matrix shows suitable porosity, interconnectivity, biocompatibility for endothelial cells, and the ability to support neurites outgrowth by sensory neurons. Subcutaneous implantation leads to the formation of osteoid tissue, characterized by the presence of bone cells, vascular networks, and neuronal structures, while minimizing inflammation. Using a rat femoral condyle defect model, longitudinal micro‐CT analysis is performed, which demonstrates a significant increase in the volume of mineralized tissue when using the ELP‐based matrix compared to empty defects and a commercially available control (Collapat). Furthermore, visible blood vessel networks and nerve fibers are observed within the lesions after a period of two weeks. By incorporating multiple key components that support cell growth, mineralization, and tissue integration, this ELP‐based composite matrix provides a holistic and versatile solution to enhance bone tissue regeneration.