bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vesicular glutamate transporter 3 immunoreactivity is present in cholinergic basal forebrain neurons projecting to the basolateral amygdala in rat
Authors: Nickerson Poulin Amanda , Guerci Aline , El Mestikawy Salah , Semba Kazue 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe basal forebrain (BF) plays a role in behavioral and cortical arousal, attention, learning, and memory. It has been suggested that cholinergic BF neurons co‐release glutamate, and some cholinergic BF neurons have been reported to contain vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3). We examined the distribution and projections of BF cholinergic neurons containing VGLUT3, by using dual‐label immunofluorescence for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and VGLUT3, in situ hybridization, and retrograde tracing. Neurons immunoreactive (+) or containing mRNAs for both ChAT and VGLUT3 were mainly localized to the ventral pallidum and more caudal BF regions; the co‐immunoreactive neurons represented 31% of cholinergic neurons in the ventral pallidum and 5–9% more caudally. Examination of cholinergic axon terminals in known target areas of BF projections indicated that the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus contained numerous terminals co‐immunoreactive for ChAT and VGLUT3, whereas sampled areas of the olfactory bulb, neocortex, hippocampus, reticular thalamic nucleus, and interpeduncular nucleus were devoid of double‐labeled terminals. The basolateral amygdala is innervated by cholinergic BF neurons lacking low‐affinity p75 nerve growth factor receptors; many ChAT+VGLUT3+ BF neurons were immunonegative to this receptor. Twenty‐five to 79% of ChAT+VGLUT3+ neurons in different BF regions were retrogradely labeled from the basolateral amygdala, up to 52% (ventral pallidum) of the retrogradely labeled ChAT+ neurons were VGLUT3+, and the largest number of amygdala‐projecting ChAT+VGluT3+ neurons was found in the ventral pallidum. These findings indicate that BF cholinergic neurons containing VGLUT3 project to the basolateral amygdala and suggest that these neurons might have the capacity to release both acetylcholine and glutamate. J. Comp. Neurol. 498:690–711, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coexpression of dynorphin and neurokinin B immunoreactivity in the rat hypothalamus: Morphologic evidence of interrelated function within the arcuate nucleus
Authors: Burke Michelle C. , Letts Penny A. , Krajewski Sally J. , Rance Naomi E. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractConsiderable evidence suggests that dynorphin and neurokinin B (NKB) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus participate in the sex‐steroid regulation of reproduction. In the present study, we used dual‐label immunofluorescence to explore the distribution of prodynorphin and proNKB immunoreactivity in the rat hypothalamus. Additionally, we investigated whether arcuate prodynorphin‐ir (immunoreactive) neurons expressed the neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) or nuclear estrogen receptor‐α (ERα). We found that the majority of prodynorphin‐ir neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus expressed proNKB, whereas nearly all (99%) of the proNKB neurons were immunoreactive for prodynorphin. The arcuate nucleus was the only site in the hypothalamus where neuronal somata coexpressing prodynorphin and proNKB‐immunoreactivity were identified. A dense plexus of double‐labeled prodynorphin/proNKB‐ir fibers was found within the arcuate nucleus extending to the median eminence and throughout the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus. Prodynorphin/proNKB fibers were also identified in the paraventricular nucleus, anterior hypothalamic area, medial preoptic area, median preoptic nucleus, anteroventral periventricular nucleus, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in a distribution consistent with previously described arcuate nucleus projections. Interestingly, the majority of prodynorphin‐ir neurons in the arcuate nucleus expressed NK3R, and nearly 100% of the prodynorphin‐ir neurons contained nuclear ERα. Our results suggest that there is a close functional relationship between dynorphin and NKB peptides within the arcuate nucleus of the rat, which may include an autofeedback loop mediated through NK3R. The diverse hypothalamic projections of fibers expressing both prodynorphin and proNKB provide evidence that these neurons may participate in a variety of homeostatic and neuroendocrine processes. J. Comp. Neurol. 498:712–726, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical implications of ZAP‐70 expressionin chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Bosch Francesc , Muntañola Ana , Giné Eva , Carrió Ana , Villamor Neus , Moreno Carolina , Crespo Marta , Montserrat Emili 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease with an extremely heterogeneous prognosis. Because of this and because of the lack of a truly effective therapy, treatment of CLL must be adapted to the individual risk of each patient. Over the last quarter of century, prognosis of patients with CLL has been based on clinical features. In the last few years a number of biological prognostic parameters have been identified. Among them, the expression of ZAP‐70 in neoplastic B lymphocytes is increasingly being recognized as of paramount importance to predict outcome. Patients with a low percentage (<20%) of ZAP‐70 positive neoplastic B lymphocytes have a much better prognosis that those with a higher proportion (>20%) of ZAP‐70 positive neoplastic B lymphocytes. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Comparison of methods for determining zeta‐chain associated protein – 70 (ZAP‐70) expression in patients with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL)
Authors: Bojarska‐Junak Agnieszka , Giannopoulos Krzysztof , Kowal Malgorzata , Dmoszyńska Anna , Roliński Jacek 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackground:Zeta‐chain associated protein of 70kDa (ZAP‐70) is the most promising surrogate marker for the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IgVH) mutation status in B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL). Crespo et al. proposed the detection of ZAP‐70 by flow cytometry. Recently several novel monoclonal antibodies appeared on market.Methods:We compared different staining methods utilizing monoclonal antibodies (moAb) against ZAP‐70: anti‐ZAP‐70 PE, clone 1E7.2, anti‐ZAP‐70 PE, clone 17A/P‐ZAP70 directly stained with flourochrome as well as anti‐ZAP‐70 antibody, clone 2F3.2 stained with Zenon™ Alexa Fluor® 488 Labeling Kit. Additionally different reagents for permeabilization such as IntraPrep, FIX & PERM, Perm/Wash and 70% ethanol/paraformaldehyde were used to find the most clinically relevant and easy assay to determine ZAP‐70 expression in B‐CLL. Moreover we compared results of ZAP‐70 expression assessed by whole blood protocol with those obtained using‐peripheral mononuclear cells isolated from whole blood.Results:Anti‐ZAP‐70 moAb clone 17A/P‐ZAP70 gave elevated results for all B‐CLL patients as well as healthy controls. Staining with anti‐ZAP‐70 moAb clone 1E7.2 and anti‐ZAP‐70 moAb clone 2F3.2 was effective in distinguishing negative and positive cells for ZAP‐70 protein expression. Not statistically significant discrepancies of ZAP‐70 expression were noticed between different fixation and permeabilization methods.Conclusion:Basing on results obtained during this study we can recommend use of anti‐ZAP‐70 PE, clone 1E7.2 moAb utilizing whole blood protocol with commercial kits for permeabilization as an easy method that brings compatible results to the original method proposed by Crespo et al. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
An optimized whole blood method for flow cytometric measurement of ZAP‐70 protein expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Shankey T. Vincent , Forman Meryl , Scibelli Paul , Cobb Jeffrey , Smith Cecilia M. , Mills Rhonda , Holdaway Karen , Bernal‐Hoyos Elizabeth , Van Der Heiden Mafalda , Popma Jan , Keeney Mike 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackground:ZAP‐70 protein expression has been proposed as a marker for immunoglobulin heavy chain mutational status, which some studies have correlated with disease course in B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Studies published to date measuring levels of expression of ZAP‐70 intracellular protein using flow cytometry have demonstrated poor performance, as defined by the difference in signal in known positive and negative lymphocyte populations.Methods:A recently published method (Chow S, Hedley DW, Grom P, Magari R, Jacobberger JW, Shankey TV, Cytometry A 2005;67:4–17) to measure intracellular phospho‐epitopes was optimized using a design of experiments (DOE) approach to provide the best separation of ZAP‐70 expression in positive T‐ or NK‐cells as compared to negative B‐cells in peripheral blood samples. A number of commercially available anti‐ZAP‐70 antibody‐conjugates were screened using this methodology, and the antibody‐conjugate showing the best performance was chosen to develop a four‐color, five antibody assays to measure ZAP‐70 levels in whole blood specimens.Results:Using the optimized fixation and permeabilization method, improvement in assay performance (signal‐to‐noise, S/N) was seen in most of the antibodies tested. The custom SBZAP conjugate gave the best S/N when used in conjunction with this optimized fixation /permeabilization method. In conjunction with carefully standardized instrument set‐up protocols, we obtained both intra‐ and interlaboratory reproducibility in the analysis of ZAP‐70 expression in whole blood samples from normal and CLL patients.Conclusions:The development of a sensitive, specific and highly reproducible ZAP‐70 assay represents only the first essential step for any clinical assay. The universal implementation of a validated data analysis method and the establishment of methodology‐based cutoff points for clinical outcomes must next be established before ZAP‐70 protein analysis can be routinely implemented in the clinical laboratory. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Torque and suspension force in a bearingless switched reluctance motor
Authors: Takemoto Masatsugu , Chiba Akira , Akagi Hirofumi , Fukao Tadashi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBearingless switched reluctance motors, which can control rotor radial positions with magnetic force, have been proposed. The bearingless switched reluctance motors are characterized by integration of switched reluctance motors and magnetic bearings. These motors have two kinds of stator windings composed of motor main windings and suspension windings in the same stator in order to produce suspension force that can realize rotor shaft suspension without mechanical contacts or lubrication. For successful stable operation, accurate theoretical formulas of instantaneous torque and suspension force are necessary to a rotational speed controller and a rotor radial position controller. This paper derives the theoretical formulas of the instantaneous torque and the suspension force from an assumption of simple permeance distribution. This derivation process makes an assumption that fringing fluxes are distributed on elliptical lines. It is shown with experimental results that the derived theoretical formulas are very accurate in terms of practical application. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(2): 72–82, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20157
Order and parameter estimation of time‐varying system by subspace method
Authors: Tamaoki Morimichi , Akizuki Kageo , Oura Kunihiko 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper proposes an identification algorithm for time‐varying systems. We apply subspace method for estimation, since it is known to be useful when the input–output (I/O) data are observed by multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) systems. Among many proposed techniques of subspace methods, we use MOESP (MIMO Output‐Error State Space model identification) in this paper, which assures arithmetic stability by RQ factorization and singular value decomposition (SVD). Generally, subspace methods can be applied after I/O data collection, so that we introduce updated steps of matrices for PI‐MOESP, which uses past inputs for instrumental variables. We propose a recursive update algorithm of PI‐MOESP, including estimation step of the system order, and consider some parameters inherent to the algorithm, namely, initial number of data, estimation step of the order, and forgetting factor. A numerical example shows the usefulness of the proposed method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(2): 57–64, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20169
Formation control of multiple nonholonomic mobile robots
Authors: Ikeda Takashi , Jongusuk Jurachart , Ikeda Takayuki , Mita Tsutomu 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTracking control problem of multiple mobile robots is considered. Our system is composed of a reference and follower robots of unicycle type. The robots are assumed to satisfy pure rolling and nonslipping conditions, which lead to nonholonomic constraints. The purpose is to control the followers so that the reference is tracked with arbitrary desired clearance and also to avoid interrobot collisions. To accomplish this goal, we first introduced a virtual robot (VR) tracking control to establish and maintain the formation when no collision is detected. VR is an ideal robot fixed with each follower and helps in simplifying the control, as the tracking error becomes zero in the final stage. During the process, if the possibility of collision is detected, a collision avoidance technique (l−ψ or l−l control) will be applied to the lower priority robot. The result of this control gives a monotonic convergence in an internal shape of distance variables, which enables us to predict the movement of the robots during this control and leads to collision‐free movement. These processes are repeated until the desired motion is accomplished. Simulation results prove the efficiency of our control techniques. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(3): 81–88, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20192 Copyright © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermal behavior of small lithium‐ion secondary battery during rapid charge and discharge cycles
Authors: Ohshima Takamasa , Nakayama Masato , Fukuda Kenichi , Araki Takuto , Onda Kazuo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe secondary batteries for an electric vehicle (EV) generate much heat during rapid charge and discharge cycles above the rated condition, when the EV starts quickly consuming the battery power and stops suddenly recovering the inertia energy. During rapid charge and discharge cycles, the cell temperature rises significantly and may exceed the allowable temperature. We calculated the temperature rise of a small lithium‐ion secondary battery during rapid charge and discharge cycles using our battery thermal behavior model, and confirmed its validity during discharge cycle at current smaller than the discharge rate of 1C. The heat source factors were measured by the methods described in our previous study, because the present batteries have been improved in their performance and have low overpotential resistance. The battery heat capacity was measured by a twin‐type heat conduction calorimeter, and determined to be a linear function of temperature. Further, the heat transfer coefficient was measured again precisely by the method described in our previous study, and was arranged as a function of cell and ambient temperatures. The calculated temperature by our battery thermal behavior model using these measured data agrees well with the cell temperature measured by thermocouple. Therefore, we can confirm the validity of this model again during rapid charge and discharge cycles. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(3): 17–25, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20249 Copyright © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement of spinal cord evoked magnetic fields by vector SQUID biomagnetometer
Authors: Adachi Yoshiaki , Miyamoto Masakazu , Kawai Jun , Uehara Gen 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBiomagnetometry is a powerful method for the investigation of neural activity. We developed a multichannel superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) biomagnetometer system for measurement of the evoked magnetic field from stimulated spinal cords. The system is equipped with three dimensionally configured SQUID vector gradiometers, which can detect not only the radial components of the magnetic field applied to the subject but also the tangential components. With the system, we could successfully observe the distribution of the evoked magnetic field corresponding to neuronal signals propagating in the spinal cords of small animals in the form of momentarily changing vector maps. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(2): 15–23, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20277
A current sensorless MPPT control method for a stand‐alone‐type PV generation system
Authors: Itako Kazutaka , Mori Takeaki 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this paper, a current sensorless MPPT control method for a stand‐alone‐type PV generation system is proposed. This control method offers advantages of the simplified hardware configuration and low cost by using only one sensor to measure the PV output voltage. When used as a stand‐alone‐type with a battery load, the experimental results show that the estimated values of PV output current are accurate, and the use of the proposed MPPT control increases the PV generated energy by 16.3% compared to the conventional system. Furthermore, the authors clarified that the proposed method has an extremely high UUF (useful utilization factor) of 98.7%. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(2): 65– 71, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20424
Computation Revealed a Case where Kinetic Selectivity is Controlled by Dynamics: Isomerization of Benzylideneanilines
Authors: Cheettu Ammal Salai , Yamataka Hiroshi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe cis–trans isomerization of benzylideneaniline proceeds via a single transition state to afford two conformational isomers on the potential energy surface. Ab initio molecular dynamic simulations revealed that the observed kinetic selectivity of the two conformers for each of the cis and trans isomers is not governed by the relative stabilities of two independent transition states that would lead to the two conformers, respectively, but by the reaction dynamics. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Influence of ultrasonic disintegration on the dewaterability of waste activated sludge
Authors: Wang F. , Ji M. , Lu S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractUltrasound can be used to disintegrate waste activated sludge (WAS), resulting in changes in sludge dewaterability. To observe and explain the change in sludge dewatering properties before and after ultrasonic disintegration, the specific resistance to filtration (SRF), capillary suction time (CST), content of biopolymers (proteins + polysaccharides), and free water in the sludge before and after disintegration were examined. Despite the degradation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), the sludge dewatering properties worsened after disintegration. This result is attributed to two changes in the sludge, one being the effect of the water retained by the biopolymers and the other being the adsorption effect of the fine sludge particles for free water. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2006
The costs of wind's intermittency in Germany: application of a stochastic electricity market model
Authors: Swider Derk J. , Weber Christoph 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this paper a stochastic fundamental electricity market model is applied to estimate the integration costs of wind due to changed system operation and investments in Germany. The model's principle is cost minimization by determining the system costs mainly as a function of available generation and transmission capacities, primary energy prices, plant characteristics, and electricity demand. To obtain appropriate estimates of the integration costs notably reduced efficiencies at part load and start‐up costs are taken into account. The intermittency of wind is covered by a stochastic recombining tree and the system is considered to adapt on increasing wind integration over time by endogenous modeling of reserve requirements and investments in thermal power plants. The results highlight the need for stochastic optimization models and the strong dependency on the actual system and its development over time to get sufficient estimates of the integration costs of wind's intermittency. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Central bank communications and equity ETFs
Authors: Wang Tao , Yang Jian , Wu Jingtao 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis article examines effects of monetary policy surprises on returns, volatilities, trading volumes, and bid–ask spread of two equity ETFs, the S&P 500 SPY fund and the S&P 400 MDY fund. The policy surprises are measured by both surprises in the federal funds rate target changes and surprises in the future direction of the Federal Reserve monetary policy. The results show that there is an overreaction of the SPY to the federal funds rate target surprise in the first 5 minutes' trading and that both the SPY and the MDY returns, volatilities, trading volumes, and bid–ask spread react more strongly to surprise cuts than to surprise increases in the federal funds rate target. Quantitatively, after 45 minutes, an unanticipated 25‐basis‐point cut in the federal funds rate target is associated with an increase of 1.2 and 1.6% in the SPY and the MDY, respectively, while an unanticipated 25‐basis‐point decline (or rise) in the four‐quarter‐ahead eurodollar futures rate is associated with an increase (or decrease) of 0.71 and 0.40% in the SPY and the MDY, respectively. Further evidence also suggests that the market reacts more strongly to surprises in the future direction of monetary policy during the monetary tightening period and that the impact of monetary policy surprises depends on their sizes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26:959–995, 2006
The olfactory bulb and olfactory mucosa obtained from human cadaver donors as a source of olfactory ensheathing cells
Authors: Miedzybrodzki Ryszard , Tabakow Pawel , Fortuna Wojciech , Czapiga Bogdan , Jarmundowicz Wlodzimierz 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDuring the last decade, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) have been successfully applied in multiple experimental approaches aimed to repair damaged mammalian spinal cord. Some of these experiments have consequently been translated into clinical trials. Finding a reliable source of human OECs that is easily accessible and can ensure a sufficient number of cells is a major prerequisite for conducting studies on OEC‐mediated spinal cord regeneration. Here, we present a procedure for obtaining olfactory bulbs (OBs) and olfactory mucosa (OM) simultaneously from adult cadaver heart‐beating donors for OEC isolation and analyze some of the factors that may condition successful OEC culture. We show that the results of OEC culture from OBs (10 cases) correlated significantly with warm ischemia time (WIT) as well as the initial viability of the isolated cells. Efficient OEC culture was possible when the WIT for the OB was up to 20 min. Brain damage, assessed by determination of S100B serum level, was not related to the success of OEC culture from the OB. Cadaver OM (7 cases) was shown to be a more reliable source of human OECs than the OB. In most of the examined cases the efficacy of culturing OECs from cadaver OM obtained even 180 min after cardiac arrest was comparable to that of living patients. The method of obtaining OBs and OM from cadavers enables the use of an alternative source of primary adult human OECs for further preclinical and clinical studies on their neurotrophic properties. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.