bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic quantitative sensory testing to predict treatment response of endoscopic therapy or surgery for painful chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic duct obstruction: study protocol for an observational clinical trial
Authors: Phillips Anna Evans , Afghani Elham , Akshintala Venkata Sandeep , Benos Panayiotis Y , Das Rohit , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Easler Jeffrey , Faghih Mahya , Gabbert Charles , Halappa Vivek , Khashab Mouen A , Olesen Søren Schou , Saloman Jami L , Sholosh Biatta , Slivka Adam , Wang Tianxiu , Yadav Dhiraj , Singh Vikesh K 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionTreatment for abdominal pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) remains challenging in the setting of central nervous system sensitisation, a phenomenon of remodelling and neuronal hyperexcitability resulting from persistent pain stimuli. This is suspected to render affected individuals less likely to respond to conventional therapies. Endotherapy or surgical decompression is offered to patients with pancreatic duct obstruction. However, the response to treatment is unpredictable. Pancreatic quantitative sensory testing (P-QST), an investigative technique of standardised stimulations to test the pain system in CP, has been used for phenotyping patients into three mutually exclusive groups: no central sensitisation, segmental sensitisation (pancreatic viscerotome) and widespread hyperalgesia suggestive of supraspinal central sensitisation. We will test the predictive capability of the pretreatment P-QST phenotype to predict the likelihood of pain improvement following invasive treatment for painful CP.Methods and analysisThis observational clinical trial will enrol 150 patients from the University of Pittsburgh, Johns Hopkins and Indiana University. Participants will undergo pretreatment phenotyping with P-QST. Treatment will be pancreatic endotherapy or surgery for clearance of painful pancreatic duct obstruction. Primary outcome: average pain score over the preceding 7 days measured by Numeric Rating Scale at 6 months postintervention. Secondary outcomes will include changes in opioid use during follow-up, and patient-reported outcomes in pain and quality of life at 3, 6 and 12 months after the intervention. Exploratory outcomes will include creation of a model for individualised prediction of response to invasive treatment.Ethics and disseminationThe trial will evaluate the ability of P-QST to predict response to invasive treatment for painful CP and develop a predictive model for individualised prediction of treatment response for widespread use. This trial was approved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board. Data and results will be reported and disseminated in conjunction with National Institutes of Health policies.Trial registration numberNCT04996628.
Clinicoradiological and neuropathological evaluation of primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Shir Dror , Corriveau-Lecavalier Nick , Bermudez Noguera Camilo , Barnard Leland , Pham Nha Trang Thu , Botha Hugo , Duffy Joseph R , Clark Heather M , Utianski Rene L , Knopman David S , Petersen Ronald C , Boeve Bradley F , Murray Melissa E , Nguyen Aivi T , Reichard R Ross , Dickson Dennis W , Day Gregory S , Kremers Walter K , Graff-Radford Neill R , Jones David T , Machulda Mary M , Fields Julie A , Whitwell Jennifer L , Josephs Keith A , Graff-Radford Jonathan 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundPrimary progressive aphasia (PPA) defines a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterised by language decline. Three PPA variants correlate with distinct underlying pathologies: semantic variant PPA (svPPA) with transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kD (TDP-43) proteinopathy, agrammatic variant PPA (agPPA) with tau deposition and logopenic variant PPA (lvPPA) with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our objectives were to differentiate PPA variants using clinical and neuroimaging features, assess progression and evaluate structural MRI and a novel 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) image decomposition machine learning algorithm for neuropathology prediction.MethodsWe analysed 82 autopsied patients diagnosed with PPA from 1998 to 2022. Clinical histories, language characteristics, neuropsychological results and brain imaging were reviewed. A machine learning framework using ak-nearest neighbours classifier assessed FDG-PET scans from 45 patients compared with a large reference database.ResultsPPA variant distribution: 35 lvPPA (80% AD), 28 agPPA (89% tauopathy) and 18 svPPA (72% frontotemporal lobar degeneration-TAR DNA-binding protein (FTLD-TDP)). Apraxia of speech was associated with 4R-tauopathy in agPPA, while pure agrammatic PPA without apraxia was linked to 3R-tauopathy. Longitudinal data revealed language dysfunction remained the predominant deficit for patients with lvPPA, agPPA evolved to corticobasal or progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome (64%) and svPPA progressed to behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (44%). agPPA-4R-tauopathy exhibited limited pre-supplementary motor area atrophy, lvPPA-AD displayed temporal atrophy extending to the superior temporal sulcus and svPPA-FTLD-TDP had severe temporal pole atrophy. The FDG-PET-based machine learning algorithm accurately predicted clinical diagnoses and underlying pathologies.ConclusionsDistinguishing 3R-taupathy and 4R-tauopathy in agPPA may rely on apraxia of speech presence. Additional linguistic and clinical features can aid neuropathology prediction. Our data-driven brain metabolism decomposition approach effectively predicts underlying neuropathology.
Effect of decoupling parameters on maximum allowable mass of anisotropic stellar structure constructed by mass constraint approach in f(Q)-gravity
Authors: Maurya S. K. , Aziz Abdul , Singh Ksh. Newton , Das Amit , Myrzakulov Kairat , Ray Saibal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the present article anisotropic solutions with vanishing complexity in the framework of f(Q) gravity are generated. At first, the field equations in f(Q)-gravity are gravitationally decoupled where the isotropic fluid component corresponds to Vlasenko–Pronin space-time. Then, with a new source, the complete geometric deformation is supplemented to an isotropic component, and the related deformation function is derived by the method known as mimicking of mass constraints. Furthermore, the generated anisotropic solution prevails all the physical tests along with the stability analysis with respect to the decoupling parameter as well as the f(Q) gravity parameter and it accomplishes the physical representation of observational constraint related to stars, namely, SMC X-1, 2 S 0921-630, PSR J0437-4715, Vela X-1, PSR J1748-2021B which are reflected in Mass–Radius curves. Hence, the study comes out to be worthy of the fact that the f(Q) gravity parameter directly influences the maximum mass of a compact stellar configuration for the fixed decoupling parameter in the context of gravitational decoupling where it predicts the star PSR J1748-2021B having highest mass 2.74 $$M_{\odot }$$

M
⊙

. It is noted that when the decoupling parameter ($$\alpha $$
α
) increases, the central value of the adiabatic index value also increases, while the reverse situation occurs when the f(Q)-parameter ($$\beta _1$$

β
1

) gets increased. This implies that both the parameters $$\alpha $$
α
and $$\beta _1$$

β
1

have the overall controlling power on the stability of the model.
Novel Angiogenesis Role of GLP-1(32–36) to Rescue Diabetic Ischemic Lower Limbs via GLP-1R–Dependent Glycolysis in Mice
Authors: Zhang Yikai , Wang Shengyao , Zhou Qiao , Xie Yi , Hu Yepeng , Fang Weihuan , Yang Changxin , Wang Zhe , Ye Shu , Wang Xinyi , Zheng Chao 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Restoring the capacity of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to promote angiogenesis is the major therapeutic strategy of diabetic peripheral artery disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1; 32–36)—an end product of GLP-1—on angiogenesis of EPCs and T1DM (type 1 diabetes) mice, as well as its interaction with the classical GLP-1R (GLP-1 receptor) pathway and its effect on mitochondrial metabolism.

METHODS:

In in vivo experiments, we conducted streptozocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice as a murine model of unilateral hind limb ischemia to examine the therapeutic potential of GLP-1(32–36) on angiogenesis. We also generated
Glp1r

−/−

mice to detect whether GLP-1R is required for angiogenic function of GLP-1(32–36). In in vitro experiments, EPCs isolated from the mouse bone marrow and human umbilical cord blood samples were used to detect GLP-1(32–36)–mediated angiogenic capability under high glucose treatment.

RESULTS:
We demonstrated that GLP-1(32–36) did not affect insulin secretion but could significantly rescue angiogenic function and blood perfusion in ischemic limb of streptozocin-induced T1DM mice, a function similar to its parental GLP-1. We also found that GLP-1(32–36) promotes angiogenesis in EPCs exposed to high glucose. Specifically, GLP-1(32–36) has a causal role in improving fragile mitochondrial function and metabolism via the GLP-1R–mediated pathway. We further demonstrated that GLP-1(32–36) rescued diabetic ischemic lower limbs by activating the GLP-1R–dependent eNOS (endothelial NO synthase)/cGMP/PKG (protein kinase G) pathway.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study provides a novel mechanism with which GLP-1(32–36) acts in modulating metabolic reprogramming toward glycolytic flux in partnership with GLP-1R for improved angiogenesis in high glucose–exposed EPCs and T1DM murine models. We propose that GLP-1(32–36) could be used as a monotherapy or add-on therapy with existing treatments for peripheral artery disease.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/
; Unique identifier: MTBLS9543.
Association Between Orthostatic Hypertension and Frailty Among Older Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Choi Jung-Yeon , Ryu Dong Ryeol , Lee Hae-Young , Lee Ju-Hee , Hong Youjin , Park Sue K. , Lee Jang Hoon , Hwang Seok-Jae , Kim Kye Hun , Hwa Lee Sun , Kim Song Yi , Park Jae-Hyeong , Kim Sang-Hyun , Kim Hack-Lyoung , Choi Jung Hyun , Kim Cheol-Ho , Cho Myeong-Chan , Kim Kwang-il 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Frailty frequently coexists with hypertension in older patients. We aimed to evaluate the association between frailty and positional change in blood pressure, especially orthostatic hypertension.

METHODS:
Participants were recruited from 12 University hospitals in South Korea. Using a digital device, trained research nurses measured blood pressure in the supine and standing positions. Physical frailty was evaluated using the Korean version of the FRAIL questionnaire, gait speed, and handgrip strength. Orthostatic hypertension was defined as a ≥20-mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure within 3 minutes of standing and upright systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg.

RESULTS:
We analyzed the data of 2065 participants who had been enrolled until December 31, 2022. The mean age was 73.2±5.6 years, and 52.0% were female. The mean blood pressure was 137.1±14.9/75.1±9.7 mm Hg. Among the participants, 1886 (91.3%) showed normal response after standing, but 94 (4.6%) had orthostatic hypertension, and 85 (4.1%) had orthostatic hypotension. Orthostatic hypertension was associated with female sex, obesity, cognitive function, physical frailty, and lower quality of life. In the multivariable analysis, body mass index and frailty status were independently associated with orthostatic hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS:
Orthostatic hypertension is associated with physical frailty, cognitive impairment, and low quality of life in older patients with hypertension. Therefore, evaluation of orthostatic blood pressure changes to confirm orthostatic hypertension or hypotension in frail older adults will serve as an important diagnostic procedure in vulnerable patients. Further studies are required to identify the underlying mechanisms of this association.
Strategic Lacunes Associated With Mild Cognitive Impairment in Rural Chinese Older Adults: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Wang Jiafeng , Han Xiaodong , Li Yuanjing , Fa Wenxin , Zhao Mingqing , Li Chunyan , Mao Ming , Hou Tingting , Wang Yongxiang , Cong Lin , Song Lin , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Lacunes are associated with cognitive impairment. We sought to identify strategic lacune locations associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subtypes of MCI among older adults, and further to examine the role of white matter hyperintensities and perivascular spaces in the association.

METHODS:
This population-based cross-sectional study included 1230 dementia-free participants in the brain magnetic resonance imaging substudy (2018–2020) in MIND-China (Multimodal Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in Rural China). Lacunes were visually identified in frontal lobe, parieto-occipital lobe, temporal lobe, insula, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem. MCI, amnestic MCI (aMCI), and nonamnestic MCI (naMCI) were defined following the Petersen’s criteria. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models.

RESULTS:

Of the 1230 participants (age, ≥60 years; mean age, 69.40; SD, 4.30 years; 58.5% women), lacunes were detected in 357 people and MCI was defined in 286 individuals, including 243 with aMCI and 43 with naMCI. Lacunes in the supratentorial area, internal capsula, putamen/pallidum, and insula was significantly associated with increased odds ratio of MCI (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio ranged 1.40–3.21;
P
<0.05) and aMCI (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio ranged 1.46–3.36;
P
<0.05), whereas lacunes in the infratentorial area and brainstem were significantly associated with naMCI (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio ranged 2.68–3.46;
P
<0.01). Furthermore, the associations of lacunes in insula and internal capsula with MCI and aMCI, as well as the associations of lacunes in infratentorial area and brainstem with naMCI were present independent of white matter hyperintensities volume and perivascular spaces number.

CONCLUSIONS:
Lacunes in the internal capsula, putamen/pallidum, insula, and brainstem may represent the strategic lacunes that are independently associated with MCI, aMCI, or naMCI in Chinese older adults.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.chictr.org.cn
; Unique identifier: ChiCTR1800017758.
Rupture-Related Features of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations and Their Utility in Predicting Hemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Yupeng , Zhu Haoyu , Cao Tingliang , Zhang Longhui , Chang Yuzhou , Liang Shikai , Ma Chao , Liang Fei , Song Yuqi , Zhang Jiarui , Li Changxuan , Jiang Chuhan 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Evaluating rupture risk in cerebral arteriovenous malformations currently lacks quantitative hemodynamic and angioarchitectural features necessary for predicting subsequent hemorrhage. We aimed to derive rupture-related hemodynamic and angioarchitectural features of arteriovenous malformations and construct an ensemble model for predicting subsequent hemorrhage.

METHODS:
This retrospective study included 3 data sets, as follows: training and test data sets comprising consecutive patients with untreated cerebral arteriovenous malformations who were admitted from January 2015 to June 2022 and a validation data set comprising patients with unruptured arteriovenous malformations who received conservative treatment between January 2009 and December 2014. We extracted rupture-related features and developed logistic regression (clinical features), decision tree (hemodynamic features), and support vector machine (angioarchitectural features) models. These 3 models were combined into an ensemble model using a weighted soft-voting strategy. The performance of the models in discriminating ruptured arteriovenous malformations and predicting subsequent hemorrhage was evaluated with confusion matrix-related metrics in the test and validation data sets.

RESULTS:
A total of 896 patients (mean±SD age, 28±14 years; 404 women) were evaluated, with 632, 158, and 106 patients in the training, test, and validation data sets, respectively. From the training set, 9 clinical, 10 hemodynamic, and 2912 pixel-based angioarchitectural features were extracted. A logistic regression model was built using 4 selected clinical features (age, nidus size, location, and venous aneurysm), whereas a decision-tree model was constructed from 4 hemodynamic features (outflow time, stasis index, cerebral blood flow, and outflow volume ratio). A support vector machine model was designed using 5 pixel-based angioarchitectural features. In the validation data set, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of the ensemble model for predicting subsequent hemorrhages were 0.840, 0.889, 0.823, and 0.911, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
The ensemble model incorporating clinical, hemodynamic, and angioarchitectural features showed favorable performance in predicting subsequent hemorrhage of cerebral arteriovenous malformations.
Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation and Functional Outcome After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Beishon Lucy , Vasilopoulos Terrie , Salinet Angela S.M. , Levis Brooke , Barnes Samuel , Hills Eleanor , Ramesh Pranav , Gkargkoula Panagoula , Minhas Jatinder S. , Castro Pedro , Brassard Patrice , Goettel Nicolai , Gommer Erik D. , Jara Jose Luis , Liu Jia , Mueller Martin , Nasr Nathalie , Payne Stephen , Robertson Andrew D. , Simpson David , Robinson Thompson G. , Panerai Ronney B. , Nogueira Ricardo C. 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
The relationship between dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) and functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is unclear. Previous studies are limited by small sample sizes and heterogeneity.

METHODS:
We performed a 1-stage individual patient data meta-analysis to investigate associations between dCA and functional outcome after AIS. Participating centers were identified through a systematic search of the literature and direct invitation. We included centers with dCA data within 1 year of AIS in adults aged over 18 years, excluding intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Data were obtained on phase, gain, coherence, and autoregulation index derived from transfer function analysis at low-frequency and very low-frequency bands. Cerebral blood velocity, arterial pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide, heart rate, stroke severity and sub-type, and comorbidities were collected where available. Data were grouped into 4 time points after AIS: <24 hours, 24 to 72 hours, 4 to 7 days, and >3 months. The modified Rankin Scale assessed functional outcome at 3 months. Modified Rankin Scale was analyzed as both dichotomized (0 to 2 versus 3 to 6) and ordinal (modified Rankin Scale scores, 0–6) outcomes. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to identify significant relationships between dCA parameters, comorbidities, and outcomes, for each time point using generalized linear (dichotomized outcome), or cumulative link (ordinal outcome) mixed models. The participating center was modeled as a random intercept to generate odds ratios with 95% CIs.

RESULTS:

The sample included 384 individuals (35% women) from 7 centers, aged 66.3±13.7 years, with predominantly nonlacunar stroke (n=348, 69%). In the affected hemisphere, higher phase at very low-frequency predicted better outcome (dichotomized modified Rankin Scale) at <24 (crude odds ratios, 2.17 [95% CI, 1.47–3.19];
P
<0.001) hours, 24–72 (crude odds ratios, 1.95 [95% CI, 1.21–3.13];
P
=0.006) hours, and phase at low-frequency predicted outcome at 3 (crude odds ratios, 3.03 [95% CI, 1.10–8.33];
P
=0.032) months. These results remained after covariate adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS:
Greater transfer function analysis-derived phase was associated with improved functional outcome at 3 months after AIS. dCA parameters in the early phase of AIS may help to predict functional outcome.
Chrysostom Javellus and Francis Silvestri on Final Causation
Authors: Åkerlund Erik 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
For many areas of philosophy, we lack an understanding of their developments between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries. One such area is the development of the notion of final causation. The rejection of final causation is often described as one of the distinguishing hallmarks of so called Early Modern philosophy in relation to the Scholastic philosophical tradition. Our lack of understanding of the development of this notion in philosophy therefore impedes our ability to write an adequate history of philosophy spanning these centuries. In this article, the notion of final causation as treated in the works of Chrysostom Javellus (1472–1538) and Francis Silvestri (of Ferrara) (1474–1526) is presented. It is argued that the treatment of final causation in these thinkers is already shaped by concerns regarding finality that we find in Early Modern philosophy.
African Philosophical Contributions to International Criminal Law
Authors: Asaala Evelyne Owiye 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article displays the various ways that African philosophies have made a contribution to international criminal law. It shows that African philosophies have, to a certain extent, influenced the manner in which post-conflict African states as well as the African Union (au) address accountability for grave breaches of international law. This influence is evidenced in the setting up of traditional African approaches to accountability for international crimes in post-conflict African states as well as in some of the au initiatives which address accountability for grave breaches. The article begins by contextualizing the topic within traditional African cultures through a historical analysis of the practices, concepts and institutions that governed criminal accountability as well as an analysis of the African philosophies upon which these practices, concepts and institutions were anchored. It continues with the concern of ‘how’ and ‘to what extent’ African philosophies have influenced international criminal law. Moreover, it considers some of the controversial areas of international criminal law in which African philosophies are overlooked, despite their potential to make a valuable contribution. This section is supported by the belief that a combined approach to international criminal law, of both traditional African and Western concepts, offers a better solution to the current impasse experienced in certain areas.
Between War Images and Ecstatic Prayers
Authors: Stolarska-Fronia Małgorzata 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The work of Breslau artist Heinrich Tischler (1892–1938), although well-known and investigated by researchers of local art milieu, mainly through exhibitions, has not yet received a deeper interpretation from the point of view of the complex and rich iconographic repertoire that has its roots in both Jewish and non-Jewish mystical thought, and in terms of the artist’s connections with the Jewish Expressionist community from Germany and Eastern Europe. Tischler, as a Jewish Expressionist whose work touched on messianic and apocalyptic themes, drew inspiration from the Kabbalah and included references to Christian iconography, as well as an element of the grotesque. This article focuses primarily on Tischler’s painting and graphic works, analyzing their Jewish idiom of messianic and apocalyptic motifs.
The Practice of Textual Criticism in Traditional China as Illustrated by Lu Wenchao’s (1717–1796) Work
Authors: Dai Lianbin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Eighteenth-century Chinese evidential (kaozheng or kaoju) scholarship has been viewed as an intellectual apostasy from the Cheng-Zhu orthodoxy of Neo-Confucianism. In terms of textual criticism, however, leading evidential critics inherited the norm and assumptions from the Song dynasty Neo-Confucian master Zhu Xi (1130–1200), even though some of them questioned his moral-political system. This article examines representative evidential textual critic Lu Wenchao’s (1717–1796) editing of the first-century Confucian text Baihu tong and traces his practical and conceptual origin back to Zhu Xi. It argues that Chinese evidential textual criticism is a mixture of methodological eclecticism, editorial conservatism, and hermeneutic activism.