bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diallyl trisulfide selectively causes Bax‐ and Bak‐mediated apoptosis in human lung cancer cells
Authors: Xiao Dong , Zeng Yan , Hahm Eun‐Ryeong , Kim Young‐Ae , Ramalingam Suresh , Singh Shivendra V. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractGarlic‐derived organosulfur compounds (OSCs) are highly effective in affording protection against chemically induced pulmonary carcinogenesis in animal models. We now demonstrate that garlic constituent diallyl trisulfide (DATS) suppresses viability of cultured human lung cancer cell lines H358 (anon‐small cell lung cancer cell line) and H460 (a large cell lung cancer cell line) by causing G2‐M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. On the other hand, a normal human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS‐2B was significantly more resistant to growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by DATS compared with lung cancer cells. We also found that even a subtle change in the OSC structure could have a significant impact on its biological activity. For example, DATS was significantly more effective than either diallyl sulfide or diallyl disulfide against proliferation of lung cancer cells. The DATS‐mediated G2‐M phase cell cycle arrest was explained by down‐regulation of cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) and cell division cycle 25C protein expression leading to accumulation of Tyr15 phosphorylated (inactive) Cdk1. The DATS‐induced apoptosis correlated with induction of pro‐apoptotic proteins Bax, Bak and BID, and a decrease in the expression of anti‐apoptotic proteins Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL in lung cancer cells but not in BEAS‐2B. Knockdown of Bax and Bak proteins conferred significant protection against DATS‐induced apoptotic cytoplasmic histone‐associated DNA fragmentation. On the other hand, BID protein was dispensable for DATS‐induced apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study indicates that Bax and Bak proteins are critical targets of DATS‐induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cells. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PML absorbing boundary conditions for the linearized and nonlinear Euler equations in the case of oblique mean flow
Authors: Parrish Sarah A. , Hu Fang Q. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFor the case of uniform mean flow in an arbitrary direction, perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary conditions are presented for both the linearized and nonlinear Euler equations. Although linear perfectly matched side layers with an oblique mean flow have been studied in previous works, we propose in the present paper a construction of corner layer equations that are dynamically stable. Stability issues are investigated by examining the dispersion relations of linear waves supported by the corner layer equations. For increased efficiency, a pseudo mean flow is included in the derivation of the PML equations for the nonlinear case. Numerical examples are given to support the validity of the proposed equations. Specifically, the linear PML formulation is tested for the case of acoustic, vorticity, and entropy waves traveling with an oblique mean flow. The nonlinear formulation is tested with an isentropic vortex moving diagonally with a constant velocity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lattice Boltzmann method for flows in porous and homogenous fluid domains coupled at the interface by stress jump
Authors: Bai Huixing , Yu P. , Winoto S. H. , Low H. T. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA numerical method was developed for flows involving an interface between a homogenous fluid and a porous medium. The numerical method is based on the lattice Boltzmann method for incompressible flow. A generalized model, which includes Brinkman term, Forcheimmer term and nonlinear convective term, was used to govern the flow in the porous medium region. At the interface, a shear stress jump that includes the inertial effect was imposed for the lattice Boltzmann equation, together with a continuity of normal stress. The present method was implemented on three cases each of which has a porous medium partially occupying the flow region: channel flow, plug flow and lid‐driven cavity flow. The present results agree well with the analytical and/or the finite‐volume solutions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new interface‐capturing discretization scheme for numerical solution of the volume fraction equation in two‐phase flows
Authors: Walters D. Keith , Wolgemuth Nicole M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA new high‐resolution spatial discretization scheme for use with the interface‐capturing volume‐of‐fluid method is presented and applied to several test cases. The new scheme is intended to preserve the volume fraction discontinuity without the need to explicitly reconstruct the interface within computational control volumes near the interface. The method is based on maximization of the volume fraction gradient in the region of the interface, while stability is preserved by maintaining net upwind biasing of the face flux prescription in each computational control volume. In addition, the scheme employs face limiting to satisfy boundedness criteria at finite‐volume control surfaces (faces) and prevent variable overshoot. The method has been developed for use with unstructured, anisotropic, and/or inhomogeneous meshes that are often used for simulation of geometrically complex flow fields. This paper presents the implementation of the new discretization scheme into a steady‐state solver in order to isolate the spatial discretization from the time integration technique. The new scheme is validated for steady‐state two‐phase flow using several test cases, and is shown to preserve the phase interface almost exactly, with essentially zero dissipative or dispersive error in the volume fraction solution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
P2Y1receptor signaling enhances neuroprotection by astrocytes against oxidative stress via IL‐6 release in hippocampal cultures
Authors: Fujita Takumi , Tozaki‐Saitoh Hidetoshi , Inoue Kazuhide 
Published: September 2008

AbstractCell survival is a critical issue in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases and following pathological events including ischemia and traumatic brain injury. Oxidative stress is the main cause of cell damage in such pathological conditions. Here, we report that adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) protects hippocampal astrocytes from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐evoked oxidative injury in astrocyte monocultures. The effect of ATP was prevented by a selective antagonist of or siRNAs against P2Y1R. Interestingly, in astrocyte‐neuron cocultures, ATP also produced neuroprotective effects against H2O2‐evoked neuronal cell death, whereas ATP did not produce any neuroprotective effects in monocultures. The ATP‐induced neuroprotection in cocultures was completely inhibited by silencing of astrocytic P2Y1R expression, indicating that ATP acts on astrocytes and enhances their neuroprotective functions by activating P2Y1R. Furthermore, this neuroprotective effect was mimicked by applying conditioned medium from astrocytes that had been stimulated by ATP, implying an involvement of diffusible factors from astrocytes. We found that, in both purified astrocyte cultures and astrocyte‐neuronal cocultures, ATP and the P2Y1R agonist 2‐methylthioadenosine 5′ diphosphate (2MeSADP) induced the release of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), but this did not occur in neuron monocultures. Moreover, exogenous IL‐6 produced a neuroprotective effect, and the neuroprotection induced by P2Y1R‐stimulated astrocytes was prevented in the presence of an anti‐IL‐6 antibody. Taken together, these results suggest that P2Y1R‐stimulated astrocytes protect against neuronal damage induced by oxidative stress, and that IL‐6 is a crucial signaling molecule released from astrocytes. Thus, activation of P2Y1R in astrocytes may rescue neurons from secondary cell death under pathological conditions. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of interleukin‐4‐conjugated Pseudomonas exotoxin against human biliary tract carcinoma
Authors: Ishige Kazunori , Shoda Junichi , Kawamoto Toru , Matsuda Sachiko , Ueda Tetsuya , Hyodo Ichinosuke , Ohkohchi Nobuhiro , Puri Raj K. , Kawakami Koji 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTargeting cytotoxins or immunotoxins to tumor cell surface receptors represents a new approach for the treatment of cancers. We tested the antitumor activity of a cytotoxin (IL‐4‐PE) composed of an interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) targeting moiety and a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A against human biliary tract carcinoma (BTC). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that cultured BTC cell lines and cancerous epithelia in BTC tissue (e.g., gallbladder carcinoma, extraheaptic cholangiocarcinoma, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma) expressed receptors for IL‐4 in situ at high densities. However, normal epithelial cells in gallbladder and bile duct tissues did not express these IL‐4 receptors. Eight BTC cell lines expressed IL‐4R on the cell surface as determined by radiolabeled ligand binding assays. When these cells were treated with IL‐4‐PE, significant cytotoxicity was observed as determined by the inhibition of protein synthesis. The concentration of agent causing 50% inhibition of protein synthesis (IC50) was found to be less than 10 ng/mL in 4 of the 8 BTC cell lines studied. The antitumor activity of IL‐4‐PE was assessed for human BTC cells implanted subcutaneously in immunodeficient mice. By intratumoral injection of IL‐4‐PE, complete disappearance of the established tumors was observed in 40% of animals. Intraperitoneal administration of IL‐4‐PE at tolerated doses to animals with peritoneally disseminated BTC exhibited significantly prolonged survival compared to untreated animals (>14 weeks vs. 5 weeks in treated and untreated mice, respectively). These results indicate that IL‐4 receptor‐targeted cytotoxin is a potent agent that may provide a new therapeutic option for BTC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of an invasion and tumor‐suppressing gene, Endoglin (ENG), silenced by both epigenetic inactivation and allelic loss in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wong Victor Chun Lam , Chan Pui Ling , Bernabeu Carmelo , Law Simon , Wang Li Dong , Li Ji‐Lin , Tsao Sai Wah , Srivastava Gopesh , Lung Maria Li 
Published: September 2008

AbstractEndoglin (ENG) has been identified as a candidate tumor‐suppressor gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Earlier microcell‐mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) studies of chromosome 9 in ESCC narrowed down a tumor‐suppressive critical region to 9q33‐34. ENG maps to 9q34‐qter and encodes a transformation growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily auxiliary receptor. This study aims to identify the potential role for ENG in ESCC development. Significant downregulation of ENG was detected at frequencies of 87.5% in 16 ESCC cell lines, 39.1% directly in 23 ESCC tumor specimens from Hong Kong, and 33.4% in 18 ESCC tumor specimens from the high‐risk ESCC region of Henan, China. By methylation‐specific PCR, methylated sequences were detected in an ESCC cell line panel and in clinical specimens. Following demethylation treatment in 9 ESCC cell lines, ENG expression was obviously restored. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in a 4.7 Mb region on 9q32‐q34, where ENG maps, was observed directly in ESCC tumor tissues. Both epigenetic methylation and allelic loss appear to contribute to ENG downregulation in tumor cells. In vitro and in vivo functional studies such as colony formation, Matrigel culture, invasion and tumorigenicity assays were performed. Colony formation efficiency was significantly reduced by overexpression of ENG. In addition, significantly smaller colonies of ENG stable transfectants were formed in Matrigel culture. Significant suppression of invasion efficiency and tumorigenicity were also observed, when comparing the ENG stable transfectants with the vector‐alone transfectants. This study provides evidence supporting ENG, as a cell invasion and tumor‐suppressing gene in ESCC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative monitoring of cyclin D1 expression: A molecular marker for minimal residual disease monitoring and a predictor of the disease outcome in patients with mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Brizova Helena , Kalinova Marketa , Krskova Lenka , Mrhalova Marcela , Kodet Roman 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), minimal residual disease (MRD) is an indicator of the disease outcome. Quantitative methods used so far do not provide a suitable molecular marker in 30–70% patients with MCL (depending on the technique used). We tested cyclin D1 as a marker for quantitative MRD monitoring. The real‐time PCR of cyclin D1 mRNA was performed in 144 bone marrow (BM) specimens including 95 BMs from MCL patients, 39 BMs from patients with other B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas and 10 BMs from healthy volunteer donors. In 73 BMs obtained from 20 MCL patients we examined the cyclin D1 level during the treatment and follow‐up period. We detected a cyclin D1 overexpression exclusively in BMs infiltrated with MCL, including minimal residual infiltration. Dynamics of cyclin D1 correlated with the patient's clinical status in 69/73 BMs. Individual monitoring of patients during the disease course showed cyclin D1 quantitative changes accompanying either the disease relapse or a successful treatment response or the disease‐free survival (remission) and it showed a predictive significance. Cyclin D1 detection is a promising approach for the quantitative MRD monitoring in MCL patients, and the individual monitoring of the cyclin D1 dynamics represents a suitable indicator of the disease course. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The C‐terminus of apoptin represents a unique tumor cell‐enhanced nuclear targeting module
Authors: Kuusisto Henna V. , Wagstaff Kylie M. , Alvisi Gualtiero , Jans David A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChicken anemia virus viral protein 3 (VP3 or apoptin) localizes more efficiently in the nucleus of transformed than nontransformed cells. Although previous studies implicate the C‐terminus of apoptin as being responsible, the molecular basis is controversial, and the extent to which altered nuclear transport efficiency in tumor cells may influence VP3 differential targeting unclear. Here we establish that the C‐terminus of VP3 (residues 74–121), out of the context of the full‐length protein, is indeed sufficient for tumor cell‐enhanced nuclear targeting through phosphoinhibition of VP3 (74–121)‐mediated nuclear export occurring exclusively in tumor cells. Importantly, we show that VP3 (74–121) is unique in showing tumor cell‐enhanced nuclear targeting in that other NLS‐containing proteins fail to show differential localization in human osteosarcoma cells compared to their normal isogenic counterparts. Thus, the C‐terminus of VP3 represents a unique tumor cell‐enhanced nuclear targeting module with potential application in tumor cell‐specific drug delivery. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glycine transporters and synaptic function
Authors: Zafra Francisco , Giménez Cecilio 
Published: September 2008

AbstractGlycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that is mainly active in the caudal areas of the CNS. However, glycine also participates in excitatory neurotransmission since it is a co‐agonist of the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors. The concentration of glycine at synapses is mainly controlled by two sodium and chloride dependent transporters, GLYT1 and GLYT2, proteins that display a complementary distribution and activity in the nervous system. Our understanding of the physiological role of these transporters has advanced recently, thanks to the development of specific inhibitors and the generation of mice defective in the corresponding genes. In addition, the three‐dimensional resolution of the structure of a bacterial homologue has shed light on the mechanisms of glycine transport. It is likely that this knowledge will prove to be useful for the development of drugs with antipsychotic, procognitive or analgesic properties. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(12): 810–817, 2008
Retention of mechanical properties and cytocompatibility of a phosphate‐based glass fiber/polylactic acid composite
Authors: Ahmed I. , Cronin P. S. , Abou Neel E. A. , Parsons A. J. , Knowles J. C. , Rudd C. D. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPolymers prepared from polylactic acid (PLA) have found a multitude of uses as medical devices. The main advantage of having a material that degrades is so that an implant would not necessitate a second surgical event for removal. In addition, the biodegradation may offer other advantages. In this study, fibers produced from a quaternary phosphate‐based glass (PBG) in the system 50P2O5‐40CaO‐5Na2O‐5Fe2O3 (nontreated and heat‐treated) were used to reinforce the biodegradable polymer, PLA. Fiber properties were investigated, along with the mechanical and degradation properties and cytocompatibility of the composites produced. Retention of mechanical properties overtime was also evaluated. The mean fiber strength for the phosphate glass fibers was 456 MPa with a modulus value of 51.5 GPa. Weibull analysis revealed a shape and scale parameter value of 3.37 and 508, respectively. The flexural strength of the composites matched that for cortical bone; however, the modulus values were lower than those required for cortical bone. After 6 weeks of degradation in deionized water, 50% of the strength values obtained was maintained. The composite degradation properties revealed a 14% mass loss for the nontreated and a 10% mass loss for the heat‐treated fiber composites. It was also seen that by heat‐treating the fibers, chemical and physical degradation occurred much slower. The pH profiles also revealed that nontreated fibers degraded quicker, thus correlating well with the degradation profiles. The in vitro cell culture experiments revealed both PLA (alone) and the heat‐treated fiber composites maintained higher cell viability as compared to the nontreated fiber composites. This was attributed to the slower degradation release profiles of the heat‐treated composites as compared to the nontreated fiber composites. SEM analyses revealed a porous structure after degradation, and it is clear that there are possibilities here to tailor the distribution of porosity within polymer matrices. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Evaluation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon removal from aqueous solutions using activated carbon and hyper‐crosslinked polymer (Macronet MN200)
Authors: Valderrama César , Gamisans Xavier , Cortina Jose L , Farrán Adriana , de las Heras F Xavier 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on activated carbon and the Macronet polymeric sorbent MN200 was investigated to determine the effectiveness of each sorbent for removal of pollutants from aqueous solution and their possible use as sorbent materials for groundwater. Experiments were carried out to determine the loading capacities of a family of PAHs (acenaphthene, anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene and pyrene).RESULTS: Activated carbon was the more effective sorbent, with maximum loadings of PAHs between 90 and 230 g kg−1, while MN200 resin showed values of 25–160 g kg−1. Loading isotherms based on the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson models were determined. The hydrophobic character of the pollutants appeared as an important parameter related to the sorption process. Equilibrium and kinetic parameters were used to determine the retardation factors for each PAH.CONCLUSION: The calculated values for the simulation of barrier thickness using both sorbents, taking into account EU requirements for PAHs in groundwater effluent, were perfectly reasonable as a first estimate. The better kinetic properties of MN200 are evident in lower hydraulic residence times and consequently in a lower barrier thickness. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Sample preparation for the quick sizing of metal nanoparticles by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Vinelli Alessandra , Primiceri Elisabetta , Brucale Marco , Zuccheri Giampaolo , Rinaldi Ross , Samorì Bruno 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTwo alternative pretreatment methods for depositing metal nanoparticles on mica for atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging are presented. The treated substrates are flat and clean, thus they are amenable of use to characterize very small nanoparticles. The methods do not require any instrumentation or particular expertise. As they are also very quick, the need for storage of the prepared substrates is avoided altogether. These proposed methods, which are compared with the results of transmission electron microscopy analysis, allow the quick sizing and characterization of nanoparticles with the atomic force microscope and could thus help expanding the user community of nanoparticle researchers who could use the AFM for their characterization needs. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolution of the shell coat and yolk in amniotes: a marsupial perspective
Authors: Menkhorst Ellen , Nation Angela , Cui Shuliang , Selwood Lynne 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTwo characters distinguish oogenesis and early development in marsupials and monotremes: (1) the shell coat that persists from the zygote to somite stages in marsupials or until hatching in monotremes; and (2) the numerous, apparently almost empty vesicles that appear in primary oocytes, increase during oogenesis in marsupials and monotremes before being shed into the cleavage cavity and are preferentially distributed to the trophoblast lineage in marsupials, but comprise the latebra in monotremes. Analysis of these unusual characters used Southern analysis of genomic DNA dot blots and histology and electron microscopy. The evidence suggests that the marsupial shell coat protein, CP4, was probably characteristic of the egg of the mammalian ancestor. Further, the vesicles, present in marsupials during oogensis and cleavage and in eutherian mammals during blastocyst formation are the residual elements of white yolk present in the larger yolky eggs of monotemes and sauropsids. By comparison with the function of the vesicle components in marsupials, it is suggested that one role for the white yolk in monotremes and the sauropsids is to provide extracellular matrix (ECM), especially hyaluronan containing stabilizing proteins, for epithelial construction. Thus, as oviparity was replaced by viviparity, egg size was reduced, the germinal cytoplasm was retained, and yellow yolk was markedly reduced or lost in marsupials and eutherians. The white yolk was retained in monotremes and marsupials where blastocyst epithelial construction requires ECM support, and its appearance is heterochronously shifted to after compaction, when blastocyst formation and expansion occurs, in eutherian mammals. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:625–638, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.