bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“If This Is What Working in Sports Is, I Want Absolutely No Part of It”: Women’s Experiences With Sexual Harassment in Sport Organizations
Authors: Taylor Elizabeth , Sveinson Katherine , Burton Laura 
Published: March 2024

There is a plethora of recent examples from the sport industry that situate sport organizations as contributing to sexual violence against women (e.g., Phoenix Suns, Nike). Though research has shown that these issues exist in sport, little work has focused on the impacts of gender-based violence and sexual harassment. Therefore, utilizing gender regimes as our conceptual framework, we explored how experiences of gender-based violence and sexual harassment within sport organizations work to perpetuate the gender inequality in sport workplaces. Findings illustrate the influence of a multilevel relationship to the gender-based violence and sexual harassment experienced by women is impacted by the presence of gender regimes and use of containment strategies to conceal this abuse. Thus, we argue that institutional-level failures to protect women represent organizational success, which reinforces gender regimes and the purposeful containment of these incidents maintains the gender/power hierarchy.
Generation of New Aerosol Particles and Their Evolution in Atmospheric Air: Results of Experiments in a Large Aerosol Chamber of RPA Typhoon
Authors: Romanov N. P. , Alekseeva A. V. , Vasilyeva M. A. , Dubtsov S. N. , Ivanov V. N. , Ozols O. I. , Paley A. A. , Pisanko Yu. V. , Sakhibgareev D. G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract—
The results of experiments in the Large Aerosol Chamber of RPA Typhoon revealed the appearance of new aerosol particles larger than 15 nm in an aerosol-free volume of atmospheric air isolated from the external environment in darkness 20 min after the air purification. The generation of new particles is associated with the possible presence of precursor gases in the atmospheric air, which, under the influence of cosmic rays penetrating into the chamber, turn into aerosols. The experimentally observed evolution (over several days) of the size spectrum of the resulting particles shows that the generation of new aerosol particles lasts no more than 20 hours. During the evolution, the particles become larger and reach more than 100 nm size. After repeated purification of the air inside the chamber with the removal of newly generated aerosols, no new particles were detected for 10 days.
Realist evaluation of maternity waiting home intervention models in Inhambane, Mozambique: protocol for a comparative embedded case study, the Mozambique-Canada Maternal Health Project
Authors: Uwamahoro Nadege Sandrine , Forsyth Jessie , Andre Fernanda , Mandlate Dórcia António , Gilmore Brynne , Muhajarine Nazeem 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionThis is a study protocol that tests and refines realist theories regarding the uptake and scale-up of the linked maternity waiting home (hereafter MWH) and facility birth intervention in the Mozambican context. The theories were developed through a realist review of MWH–facility birth literature from low-income and middle-income countries. The aim of the proposed study is to contribute to a contextually refined understanding of the causal chains underlying MWH–facility birth adoption by pregnant women and their families, communities, the health system and donors.Methods and analysisThe overarching methodology is mixed-methods realist evaluation. The study will adopt a comparative embedded case study design comparing three new masonry MWHs built by the Mozambique-Canada Maternal Health Project in Inhambane province with three older MWHs selected based on variation in the built environment. Baseline data on participating MWH–facility birth interventions will be collected through observations, reviews of routine data and analysis of statistics and reports from provincial and district health authorities and the Mozambique-Canada Maternal Health project. Realist interviews will be conducted with MWH users and non-users, companions of MWH users and non-users, partners of MWH users and non-users, and stakeholders within the health system and the non-governmental organisation sector. Realist focus groups will be used to collect data from community-level implementers. The analysis will be retroductive and use the context–mechanism–outcome configuration heuristic tool to represent generative causation. We will analyse data from intervention and comparator MWHs independently and compare the resulting refined programme theories. Data analysis will be done in NVivo 12.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for the project has been obtained from the Mozambique National Bioethics Committee (CNBS-Comité Nacional de Bioética para a Saúde) and the University of Saskatchewan Bioethical Research Ethics Board. The evaluation will adhere to the International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects and the African adaptation of evaluation ethics and principles. Evaluation results will be disseminated to stakeholders' practice audiences through peer-reviewed publications, plain-language briefs, theory validation/feedback meetings and conference presentations.
Qualitative investigation of military surgical resuscitation teams: what are the drivers of success of a rapid response team?
Authors: Eckert Matthew J , Varpio Lara , Soh Michael , Cristancho Sayra 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesThis qualitative study explores the characteristics of a specialised military medical rapid response team (MRRT), the surgical resuscitation team (SRT). Despite mixed evidence of efficacy, civilian MRRTs are widely employed, with significant variation in structure and function. Recent increased use of these teams to mitigate patient risk in challenging healthcare scenarios, such as global pandemics, mass casualty events and resource-constrained health systems, mandates a reconceptualisation of how civilian MRRTs are created, trained and used. Here, we study the core functions and foundational underpinnings of SRTs and discuss how civilian MRRTs might learn from their military counterparts.DesignSemistructured interview-based study using Descriptive Qualitative Research methodology and Thematic Analysis.SettingRemote audio interviews conducted via Zoom.ParticipantsParticipants included 15 members of the United States Special Operations Command SRTs, representing all medical specialties of the SRT as well as operational planners.ResultsAdaptability was identified as a core function of SRTs and informed by four foundational underpinnings: mission variability, shared values and principles, interpersonal and organisational trust and highly effective teaming. Our findings provide three important insights for civilian MRRTs: (1) team member roles should not be defined by silos of professional specialisation, (2) trust is a key factor in the teaming process and (3) team principles and values result in and are reinforced by organisational trust.ConclusionThis study offers the first in-depth investigation of a unique military MRRT. Important insights that may offer benefit to civilian MRRT practices include enabling the breakdown of traditional division of labour, allowing for and promoting deep interpersonal and professional familiarity, and facilitating a cycle of positive reinforcement between teams and organisations. Future investigation of small team limitations, comparability to civilian MRRTs, and the team relationship to the larger organisation are needed to better understand how these teams function in a healthcare system and translate to civilian practice.
Association between immune-inflammatory indexes and lower urinary tract symptoms: an analysis of cross-sectional data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2008)
Authors: Liu Wen , Wang Jia , Wang Miaomiao , Ding Xin , Wang Miao , Liu Ming 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to systematically investigate the relationship between immune-inflammatory indexes with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2005–2008).ParticipantsA total of 2709 men with complete information for immune-inflammatory indexes and LUTSs were included from NHANES 2005–2008.Outcomes and analysesAutomated haematology analysing devices are used to measure blood cell counts, and LUTSs were presented by standard questionnaires. Non-linear and logistic regression analyses were used to estimate their association after adjustment for confounders.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression showed that pan-immune-inflammation value (OR (95% CI)=1.60 (1.14 to 2.23)), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) (OR (95% CI)=1.82 (1.21 to 2.73)), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (OR (95% CI)=1.81 (1.31 to 2.49)), derived NLR (dNLR) (OR (95% CI)=1.91 (1.35 to 2.70)) and C reactive protein (CRP) (OR (95% CI)=1.71 (1.05 to 2.79)) was positively associated with LUTS. Additionally, composite immune-inflammation markers exhibited a stronger association with LUTS than any single index, with the ORs for high SIRI+high CRP, high NLR+high CRP and high dNLR+high CRP being 2.26, 2.44 and 2.16, respectively (all p<0.05). Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed that age, smoking status and hypertension have different effects on the relationship between immune-inflammatory markers and LUTS.ConclusionsThis study indicated that high levels of immune-inflammatory markers were associated with an increased risk of clinical LUTS. The combination of CRP with SIRI, NLR and dNLR, respectively, showed a stronger positive correlation with clinical LUTS compared with any single index.
Gaussian black holes in brane-world model
Authors: Paul Bikash Chandra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe present regular black hole solutions in the framework of Brane-world gravity sourced by a Gaussian matter distribution. The black hole metric shares all the common features of regular black holes in the modified General Relativity (GR) with some exciting features. Considering the energy momentum tensor for an isotropic fluid on the brane, the modified Einstein field equation results with an effective energy momentum tensor that describes an anisotropic fluid determined by brane world parameters. Although the effective radial pressure and energy density satisfy the vacuum energy condition, the effective transverse pressure behaves differently. Gaussian black hole (GBH) solutions are obtained from a Gaussian matter distribution. In the paper, a new class of GBH solutions are obtained in the brane-world gravity with effective normal matter in addition to exotic matter distribution. In the brane world gravity, the mass of a GBH depends on the brane tension. The mass of a GBH formed in the brane world is greater than that at low energy (i.e., GR). We study the trajectories of the massive and the massless particles that can be trapped around a GBH for a set of model parameters. The radii of the photon spheres around the GBH and the condition for the stability of the trajectories of the photon spheres are determined. The properties of the GBHs are studied in detail, including their possible observable features.
Remarks on a stochastic geometric model for interference-limited cellular communications
Authors: Nassar Hamed , Taher Gehad Mohamed , El Hady El Sayed 
Published: March 2024

A plethora of stochastic geometry (SG) models have been developed for cellular communications, especially in the context of internet of things (IoT) applica tions. A typical assumption in such models is that base stations (BS) are de ployed in the Euclidean plane as a spatial poisson point process (PPP) of some density λ, with each communicating equipment transmitting at some power p. The usual objective of these models is to characterize the cellular coverage prob ability in both the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) directions. In this article we expose, in the form of four remarks, the peculiar behavior of a baseline stochas tic geometric model of an interference-limited cellular system. Specifically, we reveal that under some assumptions, the coverage probability in both the UL and DL directions for this system is independent of both λ and p, flagrantly contra dicting intuition. The aim of the article is by no means to invalidate the use of SG in modeling communications systems, but rather to point out that such modeling may not be adequate all the time.
Democratic Autocracy: a Populist Update to Fascism under Neoliberal Conditions
Authors: Tuğal Cihan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
What are the social dynamics behind the rise and resilience of today’s authoritarian regimes? This paper seeks to answer this question by focusing on the longest lasting elected autocracy of our era, the AKP (Justice and Development Party) regime in Turkey. Building on the authoritarian neoliberalism literature’s criticism of the scholarship on competitive authoritarianism, I point out the seeds of authoritarianism in the pro-market reforms of the 1980s–2000s. However, both literatures fail to address the popular embrace of authoritarianism. In critical engagement with analyses of fascism, I develop the concept ‘democratic autocracy’: a parliamentarised, individualised, personalistic, and relatively more market-oriented, twenty-first century version of fascism. The democratic autocracy in Turkey organises and mobilises the people through parties, youth and aid associations, paramilitary organisations, and unions. However, both unresolved economic crises and democratic autocracy’s sociopolitical dynamics set limits to its resilience, as well as to the sustainability of its parliamentarism.
Moratorium As a Crucial Component of Corporate Restructuring Under Saudi Bankruptcy Law
Authors: Alfawzan Faisal 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The moratorium or automatic stay is a fundamental component of corporate restructuring procedures. It provides the distressed company with a brief respite from its creditors by temporarily barring all collection efforts and all proceedings against the company and its assets. By temporarily barring such actions, the moratorium provides the company with time during which it can negotiate with its creditors and formulate a proper restructuring plan. The purpose of this article is to examine the efficacy of moratorium under the Saudi restructuring law in light of the UK and the US experiences. The article is principally concerned with two key issues: the scope of the moratorium and the circumstances under which relief from a moratorium may be granted.
Comparison of IWATE, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, and Southampton Laparoscopic Liver Resection Difficulty Scoring Systems for Predicting Intra and Postoperative Outcomes in Robotic Hepatectomy
Authors: Sucandy Iswanto , Ross Sharona B. , Adorno Flores Jeilianis , Syblis Cameron , Pattilachan Tara Menon , Christodoulou Maria , Rosemurgy Alexander 
Published: March 2024

Background IWATE, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris (IMM), and Southampton are established difficulty scoring systems (DSS) for laparoscopic hepatectomy, yet none specifically address robotic hepatectomy. Our study evaluates these 3 DSS for predicting perioperative outcomes in robotic hepatectomy. Methods With IRB approval, we prospectively followed 359 consecutive patients undergoing robotic hepatectomies, assessing categorical metrics like conversions to open, intra/postoperative issues, Clavien-Dindo Score (≥III), 30 and 90-day mortality, and 30-day readmissions using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and Area Under the Curve (AUC) to determine efficacy in predicting their occurrence for each DSS. Continuous metrics such as operative duration, estimated blood loss (EBL), length of stay, and total cost were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation and regression. Predictive strength was significant with an AUC or correlation ≥.700 and P-value ≤.05. Results IMM had highest predictive accuracy for conversions to open (AUC = .705) and postoperative complications (AUC = .481). Southampton was most accurate in predicting Clavien Dindo ≥ III complications (AUC = .506). IWATE excelled in predicting 30-day mortality (AUC = .552), intraoperative issues (AUC = .798), In-hospital mortality (AUC = .450), 90-day mortality (AUC = .596), and readmissions (AUC = .572). Regression showed significant relationships between operative duration, EBL, and hospital cost with increasing scores for all DSS ( P ≤ .05). Discussion Statistical analysis of the 3 DSS indicates that each has specific strengths that can best predict intra- and/or postoperative outcomes. However, all showed inaccuracies and conflicting relationships with the variables, indicating lack of substantial hierarchy between DSS. Given these inconsistencies, a dedicated comprehensive DSS should be created for robotic hepatectomy.
Use of Thromboelastography in Assessment of Snake Bite Coagulopathy
Authors: Hammond Chandler , Ninad Nehal , Christie Dudley B. 
Published: March 2024

Background: Monitoring for envenomation coagulopathy following snake bites has traditionally involved using serial coagulation studies. Purpose: Thromboelastography (TEG), with its real-time assessment, could offer an alternative to standard of care. This study aims to evaluate the use of TEG with traditional coagulation labs in the assessment of snake bite coagulopathy. Research Design: A retrospective review of patients who presented to a level 1 trauma center between 2014 and 2020 with snake bite envenomation was conducted, comparing traditional coagulation studies to TEG plus coagulation studies. Results: The 12 patients who had studies within the stipulations of our review were tracked and subsequently progressed well clinically with no adverse effects and ultimately discharged home with an average hospital stay of 2.2 days. Conclusions: Our data suggests that patients can be observed clinically without needing repeat coagulation studies if initial TEG and TCS are within normal limits.
Early Discharge after Enhanced Recovery Colectomy Does Not Increase Emergency Department Visits and Readmissions: A Single Institution Analysis
Authors: Baur Katherine , Sood Evan M. , Huebner Marianne , Ramm Carole , Kolli Nivya , Cleary Robert K. 
Published: March 2024

Background Same-day discharge after colorectal surgery in enhanced recovery pathways is increasing. This study aimed to determine if discharge on postoperative days (POD) one or two is associated with increased rates of emergency department (ED) visits and hospital readmissions after left and right colectomy. Methods Single institution retrospective analysis of prospective institutional colorectal surgery database between 07/01/2018 and 07/15/2022. Primary outcomes were ED visit and readmission rates for enhanced recovery open and minimally invasive right and left colectomy using logistic regressions models. Results 820 patients met inclusion criteria. There were significant differences in discharge-day by diagnosis—58.5% of patients with Crohn’s disease were discharged on POD ≥4 and 21.6% with benign colon neoplasia were discharged on POD-0-1 ( P < .001). ED visits occurred in 12.9% of the study population and were not significantly different between discharge-day groups ( P = .096). Overall readmission rate was 8.5% and significantly different between discharge-day groups (0% POD-0 vs 8.3% POD-1 vs 5.8% POD-2 vs 6.9% POD-3 vs 12.9% POD ≥4, P = .041). Logistic regression showed that ED visits and readmissions for longer discharge-days (POD-2, POD-3, POD ≥4) were not significantly different than POD-0-1. Readmission diagnoses for the study population were higher for ileus (17.1%) and surgical site infection (SSI) type-III (22.9%) than for acute kidney injury (1.4%) and SSI type-I/II (1.4%). Conclusion Early discharge after left and right colectomy is not associated with increased rates of ED visits and readmissions. Same-day discharge may be feasible in selected enhanced recovery patients. Standardized post-discharge resources that safely allow same-day discharge require further investigation.
Discrepancies in Mass Shootings and Access to Trauma Care Across the United States, 2014-2018
Authors: Beiter Kaylin J. , Knowles Stacey M. , Tedesco Alexandra , Leonardi Claudia , Scharf Peter L. , Chapman Brett M. , Brown Tommy A. , Schoen Jonathan E. , Stuke Lance E. , Greiffenstein Patrick P. , Marr Alan B. , Hunt John P. , Smith Alison A. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction The United States has one of the highest rates of gun violence and mass shootings. Timely medical attention in such events is critical. The objective of this study was to assess geographic disparities in mass shootings and access to trauma centers. Methods Data for all Level I and II trauma centers were extracted from the American College of Surgeons and the Trauma Center Association of America registries. Mass shooting event data (4+ individuals shot at a single event) were taken from the Gun Violence Archive between 2014 and 2018. Results A total of 564 trauma centers and 1672 mass shootings were included. Ratios of the number of mass shootings vs trauma centers per state ranged from 0 to 11.0 mass shootings per trauma center. States with the greatest disparity (highest ratio) included Louisiana and New Mexico. Conclusion States in the southern regions of the US experience the greatest disparity due to a high burden of mass shootings with less access to trauma centers. Interventions are needed to increase access to trauma care and reduce mass shootings in these medically underserved areas.
The role of fetal hemoglobin in the artificial placenta: A premature ovine model
Authors: Spencer Brianna L , Fallon Brian P , McLeod Jennifer S , Cornell Marie , Perrone Erin E , Manthei David M , Rojas-Peña Alvaro , Hirschl Ronald B , Bartlett Robert H , Mychaliska George B 
Published: March 2024

Introduction A radical paradigm shift in the treatment of premature infants failing conventional treatment is to recreate fetal physiology using an extracorporeal Artificial Placenta (AP). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of changing fetal hemoglobin percent (HbF%) on physiology and circuit function during AP support in an ovine model. Methods Extremely premature lambs ( n = 5) were delivered by cesarean section at 117-121 d estimated gestational age (EGA) (term = 145d), weighing 2.5 ± 0.35 kg. Lambs were cannulated using 10-14Fr cannulae for drainage via the right jugular vein and reinfusion via the umbilical vein. Lambs were intubated and lungs were filled with perfluorodecalin to a meniscus with a pressure of 5–8 cm H2O. The first option for transfusion was fetal whole blood from twins followed by maternal red blood cells. Arterial blood gases were used to titrate AP support to maintain fetal blood gas values. Results The mean survival time on circuit was 119.6 ± 39.5 h. Hemodynamic parameters and lactate were stable throughout. As more adult blood transfusions were given to maintain hemoglobin at 10 mg/dL, the HbF% declined, reaching 40% by post operative day 7. The HbF% was inversely proportional to flow rates as higher flows were required to maintain adequate oxygen saturation and perfusion. Conclusions Transfusion of adult blood led to decreased fetal hemoglobin concentration during AP support. The HbF% was inversely proportional to flow rates. Future directions include strategies to decrease the priming volume and establishing a fetal blood bank to have blood rich in HbF.