bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumour‐promoting activity of altered WWP1 expression in breast cancer and its utility as a prognostic indicator
Authors: Nguyen Huu NS , Ryder WDJ , Zeps N , Flasza M , Chiu M , Hanby AM , Poulsom R , Clarke RB , Baron M 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWWP1 is a ubiquitin ligase, associated with the post‐translational regulation of several tumour‐promoting and tumour suppressor proteins. Here we show that WWP1 expression is up‐regulated in a subset of breast tumour cell lines and primary breast tumours. We overexpressed WWP1 in MCF10A breast epithelial cells and demonstrated increased cell growth and anchorage‐independent colony formation. RNAi knockdown of WWP1 expression in T47D and MCF7 breast tumour cell lines reduced anchorage‐independent colony formation. We used WWP1 protein expression levels, in combination with its sub‐cellular localization, to classify breast tumours into four categories. Surprisingly, a category with low/absent WWP1 expression displayed a consistently worse prognosis compared with WWP1‐expressing tumours. Importantly, the association with disease‐free survival was independent of the status of other commonly used prognostic indicators. Thus, WWP1 is a prognostic marker and may be a potential therapeutic target for a subset of breast tumours. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disseminated aspergillosis in an adolescent with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Zwitserloot Annelies M. , Warris Adilia , van't Hek Louis G. , van Die Lya E. , Verweij Paul E. , Mavinkurve‐Groothuis Annelies M.C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDisseminated aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients has a mortality rate of almost 100%. Despite the development of new antifungal agents, the outcome of disseminated aspergillosis has only improved slightly, particular in patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. The use of combination antifungal therapy might improve the dismal outcome of disseminated aspergillosis. We describe a critically ill adolescent with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who was successfully treated with voriconazole and caspofungin for disseminated aspergillosis with involvement of the lung, brain and thyroid gland. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:423–426. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of health‐harming and health‐protective behaviors in adolescents with cancer
Authors: Carpentier Melissa Y. , Mullins Larry L. , Elkin T. David , Wolfe‐Christensen Cortney 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundGiven adolescent cancer survivors' increased susceptibility to late effects, it is imperative that we understand factors that influence their engagement in healthy and unhealthy behaviors. The purpose of this exploratory study was to identify significant predictors of health‐harming and health‐protective behaviors in adolescent cancer patients.ProcedureForty‐two adolescents (ages 12–19 years) currently on‐treatment for cancer and their parents were recruited from outpatient pediatric cancer clinics. Adolescents completed a battery of questionnaires that assessed their health‐behaviors, quality of life, and psychological distress, while parents completed a demographic questionnaire.ResultsRegression analyses indicated that specific demographic, illness, and psychosocial variables significantly predicted health‐harming and health‐protective behaviors. Older adolescent age and unmarried parent status emerged as the best predictors of adolescent health‐harming behaviors, whereas married parent status, increased adolescent time since diagnosis, increased adolescent‐rated quality of life, and increased distress emerged as the best predictors of health‐protective behaviors.ConclusionsDemographic, illness, and psychosocial variables may help inform the development of interventions designed to promote the initiation and/or maintenance of good health practices among adolescents on‐treatment for cancer. Interventions are needed that target health behaviors while adolescents are approaching treatment completion, in order to help facilitate the practice of good health practices in survivorship. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:525–530. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Failure of elimination of amyloid‐β from the brain in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: de Silva Prasanna , Carare Roxana O , Weller Roy O 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAccumulation of amyloid‐β(Aβ) in the brain is a major cause of dementia in Alzheimer's disease.In this article,Dr de Silva,Dr Carare and ProfessorWeller review the mechanisms for the elimination of Aβ from the brain,the reasons why these mechanisms fail in Alzheimer's disease,and how understanding this failure may lead to new approaches to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
UK PD Non‐Motor Group
Authors: O'Connell Nicola 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTopics covered at the third meeting of the UK PD Non‐Motor Group held in London in March included the link between dopamine agonists and gambling and other impulsive behaviour;speech and swallowing difficulties in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD);and the future of drug therapy for PD.Nicola O'Connell reports. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Primhe: Primary Care Mental Health & Education
Authors: Hamill Louise , Powis Jane 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAudit of mental health promotion in primary careMental health promotion (MHP) is advocated as part of the National Service Framework for Mental Health1 and the stepped care approach to treatment in the NICE guidelines. Here, the authors present the findings of their study to investigate understanding and implementation of MHP in primary care in a London borough. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
n‐Butanol formation in butyl acrylate containing latexes: Mathematical model
Authors: Goikoetxea Monika , Barandiaran María J. , Asua José M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA mathematical model to describe the formation of n‐butanol during the synthesis of n‐butyl acrylate containing latex and during its storage is presented. The model accounts for the formation of n‐butanol through a mechanism described in a previous work (Goikoetxea et al. J Polym Sci Part A: PolymChem 2007, 45, 5838) which involves the formation of tertiary radicals in the polymer backbone. During polymerization these radicals were formed by backbiting, whereas during storage, radicals formed from unreacted initiator were responsible of the formation of the tertiary radicals. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4081–4091, 2008
Synthesis and hydrolytic stability of poly(oxyethylene‐H‐phosphonate)s
Authors: Gitsov Ivan , Johnson Frederick E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPoly(oxyethylene‐H‐phosphonate)s (POE‐H‐Ps), with different poly(oxyethylene) segment lengths, were synthesized via conventional two‐stage polycondensation reaction of dimethyl‐H‐phosphonate and poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs), with nominal molecular weights of 400, 600, and 1000 Da. The changes in the composition of the reaction mixtures during the polycondensation process were followed by size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) and NMR. It was found that the three PEG fragments yield reproducibly POE‐H‐Ps with the following molecular weights: ∼3000 Da (PEG‐400), ∼6000 Da (PEG‐600), and ∼10,000 Da (PEG‐1000) as measured by SEC, NMR, and VPO. The hydrolytic behavior of POE‐H‐Ps upon storage and in aqueous media with pH 3, 7.4, and 8 was studied for the first time by a combination of NMR and SEC. It was found that the long‐term stability of the polymers in dry state depends on the length of the PEG fragments and decreased in the following order: POE‐H‐P(PEG‐1000) > POE‐H‐P(PEG‐600) > POE‐H‐P(PEG‐400). The hydrolytic transformation of the polymers in aqueous media is affected mostly by the pH of the solution. The degradation products are PEG fragments containing phosphonate end groups—an important prerequisite for the usage of the POE‐H‐Ps as nontoxic drug delivery vehicles and in vivo precursors for PEGylated prodrugs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4130–4139, 2008
CE‐Kennzeichnung von Bauelementen im Metallleichtbau
Authors: Podleschny Ralf 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSeit Mitte der neunziger Jahre werden europäische Normen für dünnwandige Metall‐Bauelemente erarbeitet. Zunächst beschränkte man sich auf einfache Produktnormen für Trapezprofile und andere verwandte Profilformen. Auf Grundlage dieser Normen konnte jedoch kein CE‐Zeichen vergeben werden. Ende der neunziger Jahre begann dann die Arbeit an einer sehr umfassenden europäischen Norm für Sandwichelemente. Diese Norm ersetzt zukünftig die allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassungen in Deutschland und das deutsche Ü‐Zeichen durch das europäische CE‐Zeichen. Parallel wurden weitere europäische Normen realisiert, die nun auch für Trapezprofile die CE‐Zeichen‐Vergabe ermöglichen. Für die meisten Bauelemente des Metallleichtbaus werden im Jahr 2008 CE‐Zeichen verfügbar sein.
Sandwich‐Dachbauteile für Flachdächer
Authors: Berner Klaus 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBei den zur Zeit verwendeten Sandwich‐Dachbauteilen ist die äußere Deckschicht prinzipiell immer trapezprofiliert, da die Bauteil‐Längsfugen durch Überlappung der äußeren Deckbleche gut realisierbar sind und durch die Eigenbiegesteifigkeit der profilierten Deckbleche eine Durchbiegungszunahme infolge Kriechverformungen der Kernschichten weitgehend verhindert wird – auch bei langzeitiger Belastung aus Schnee und Eigengewicht. Insbesondere bei Flachdächern von Industriegebäuden ergeben sich jedoch durch die profilierten Deckbleche einige Nachteile, z. B. bei der Abdichtung von Dachdurchbrüchen. Außerdem muss wegen der Regenwasserführung stets eine Verlegung vom First zur Traufe vorgesehen werden, was immer eine Unterkonstruktion mit Pfetten erfordert. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsvorhabens wurden deshalb Sandwich‐Dachbauteile mit ebenen Deckschichten entwickelt, bei denen Dachdurchbrüche einfach abgedichtet werden können und eine Verlegung quer zur Dachneigung – von Binder zu Binder (ohne Pfetten) – möglich ist. Dabei wurden alle erforderlichen Untersuchungen zum Kriechverhalten, zur Abdichtung der Bauteilfugen und zu speziellen Befestigungen durchgeführt und praxisgerechte Lösungen vorgeschlagen.
Abminderung der Knitterspannung bei Sandwichelementen mit Polyurethankern unter erhöhter Temperatur
Authors: Lange Jörg , Mertens René 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSandwichelemente, die als Dach‐ oder Fassadenelement verlegt sind, erfahren bei Sonneneinstrahlung große Temperaturdifferenzen zwischen Außen‐ und Innenoberfläche. Bei statisch unbestimmter Lagerung führt dies zu Zwangsschnittgrößen, die bei der Bemessung maßgebend sein können. Zudem verliert das Kernmaterial an Festigkeit und Steifigkeit, wodurch die Knitterspannung herabgesetzt wird. Dieser Effekt wird gemäß EN 14509 durch den Abminderungsfaktor k1 berücksichtigt, der bei Kenntnis der aufnehmbaren Versagensspannung (Knitterspannung) bei 20 °C eine Abschätzung der Knitterspannung bei erhöhten Temperaturen ermöglichen soll. Da der Faktor k1 nur auf Basis des Querzug‐Elastizitätsmoduls gewonnen wird, gibt er die tatsächliche Veränderung der Bettung nur unvollständig wieder. Ergebnis der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist ein modifizierter Abminderungswert für die Ermittlung der Knitterspannung unter erhöhten Temperaturen. Mit ihm ist es möglich, im günstigen Fall größere Stützweiten bei der Verlegung der Bauteile zu ermöglichen und was jedoch wichtiger ist, im ungünstigen Fall Schäden zu vermeiden, die eine kostenintensive Sanierung nach sich ziehen würden.
Captive breeding and rearing of critically endangered Mauritius fodies Foudia rubra for reintroduction
Authors: Cristinacce Andrew , Ladkoo Amanda , Switzer Richard , Jordan Lara , Vencatasamy Vanessa , de Ravel Koenig Frederique , Jones Carl , Bell Diana 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn‐situ captive rearing of endangered passerines for reintroduction has rarely been used as a conservation tool. Nests of Mauritius fodies threatened with predation by introduced mammalian predators were harvested from the wild, and chicks were reared to independence for release onto an offshore, predator‐free island. The daily probability of the survival was higher in captivity than in the wild, and 69 chicks were reared to fledging of which 47 would have been expected to fledge in the wild. Harvesting of nests probably had little impact on the wild population. Captive breeding trials on Mauritius fodies showed that large numbers of individuals could be produced for a release program from a small number of pairs if enough space was provided. Artificial incubation of passerine eggs and rearing of chicks can be used to increase the productivity of endangered taxa. Zoos can play an important role in in‐situ conservation programs through provision of avicultural expertise and training of local staff. Zoo Biol 27:255–268, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Density‐dependent dispersal may explain the mid‐season crash in some aphid populations
Authors: Mashanova Alla , Gange Alan C. , Jansen Vincent A. A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAphid population dynamics during the season show a characteristic pattern with rapid increase in numbers at the beginning followed by a sudden drop in the middle of the season. This pattern is usually associated with predation and/or change in food quality during the summer. By developing a mechanistic model of aphid population dynamics we show that this pattern can arise from density‐dependent dispersal behaviour of aphids. The dynamics produced by the model were similar to those observed in real populations of the alder aphid (Pterocallis alni). The two mechanisms required for these oscillations to arise were the perception of density through the number of contacts with other individuals and the inter‐generational transfer of information (the maternal effect). Both mechanisms are examples of delayed density‐dependence and, therefore, this study adds to the evidence that delayed density‐dependence might cause complex population dynamics. To reproduce the seasonal dynamics of the alder aphid with the model, the maternal effect was essential, indicating that this could be an important factor in alder aphid dynamics. According to our model, external regulations (e.g., predation and/or change in food quality) were not required to explain the highly oscillatory population dynamics of aphids during a season.
A novel computational and structural analysis of nsSNPs in CFTR gene
Authors: George Priya Doss C. , Rajasekaran R. , Sudandiradoss C. , Ramanathan K. , Purohit R. , Sethumadhavan R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSingle Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are being intensively studied to understand the biological basis of complex traits and diseases. The Genetics of human phenotype variation could be understood by knowing the functions of SNPs. In this study using computational methods, we analyzed the genetic variations that can alter the expression and function of theCFTRgene responsible candidate for causing cystic fibrosis. We applied an evolutionary perspective to screen the SNPs using a sequence homology-based SIFT tool, which suggested that 17 nsSNPs (44%) were found to be deleterious. The structure-based approach PolyPhen server suggested that 26 nsSNPS (66%) may disrupt protein function and structure. The PupaSuite tool predicted the phenotypic effect of SNPs on the structure and function of the affected protein. Structure analysis was carried out with the major mutation that occurred in the native protein coded byCFTRgene, and which is at amino acid position F508C for nsSNP with id (rs1800093). The amino acid residues in the native and mutant modeled protein were further analyzed for solvent accessibility, secondary structure and stabilizing residues to check the stability of the proteins. The SNPs were further subjected to iHAP analysis to identify htSNPs, and we report potential candidates for future studies on CFTR mutations.
How Different Are Telephoning and Canvassing? Results from a ‘Get Out the Vote’ Field Experiment in the British 2005 General Election
Authors: JOHN PETER , BRANNAN TESSA 
Published: May 2008

Can the positive impact of non-partisan ‘Get Out the Vote’ (GOTV) campaigns be generalized to a variety of institutional and cultural contexts? Gerber, Green and colleagues tested for the effects of these campaigns in a series of pioneering field experiments, which show that a face-to-face contact from a non-partisan source, carried out by a field force calling at the homes of citizens seeking to persuade them to vote, can increase voter turnout. Further experiments find that telephoning has an impact ranging from ineffective to positive, depending on the nature of the call; and there are positive, if weaker, results for other forms of intervention, such as door postings and leafleting; none for e-mail; and weakly positive or null impacts from rote telephoning. Many of these results derive from single cases or from a limited number of research sites; however, the culmination of these findings allows political scientists to be confident of the impact and hierarchy of these interventions. Although GOTV studies of this kind cannot adjudicate authoritatively on theories of mobilization, the difference in impact between the types of intervention, in particular the greater success of personalized messages, implies that it is the personal and face-to-face basis of influence that has an effect, rather than the types of message received and the simple provision of information.So far most of this kind of research has been carried out in the United States, which means that, even with its variety of groups and locations, the range of variation in the institutional frameworks and social conditions is limited to the one-country case.
Effects of canopy gap size on recruitment and invasion of the non-indigenousRubus alceifoliusin lowland tropical rain forest on Réunion
Authors: Baret Stéphane , Cournac Laurent , Thébaud Christophe , Edwards Peter , Strasberg Dominique 
Published: May 2008

Abstract:An important challenge of invasion biology is to understand how interactions between species traits and ecosystem properties enable alien species to become invasive at particular locations. We investigated how gap dynamics in a tropical rain forest on the island of Réunion affected the invasiveness of alien plants. In the 12 000-m2study area, alien plants occupied 24.9% of the area of gaps, which represented 5.62% of the forest area, but only 0.8% of the understorey area. The most abundant invasive species wasRubus alceifolius, which formed dense, monospecific stands in the largest gaps (> 25 m2). Although plants could persist in the shade, a germination experiment revealed that canopy openings were essential for seedling establishment. A cyclone that struck the study area in 2002 caused a temporary thinning of the canopy, increasing light levels to above the threshold needed for germination ofR. alceifoliusand also stimulating the growth of established plants. We conclude that the ability of this and other alien species to colonize intact lowland tropical rain forest is strongly influenced by the prevailing gap dynamics. Because gaps are also essential for the regeneration of many native trees in our study area, there is a real danger of the forest being progressively degraded by alien plants. There are no simple solutions to controlling species such asRubus alceifolius, but efforts should be focused mainly upon the larger gaps where the species are most invasive.
Comparative range use by three Atlantic Forest understorey bird species in relation to forest fragmentation
Authors: Hansbauer Miriam M. , Storch Ilse , Pimentel Rafael G. , Metzger Jean Paul 
Published: May 2008

Abstract:In this paper, we report on range use patterns of birds in relation to tropical forest fragmentation. Between 2003 and 2005, three understorey passerine species were radio-tracked in five locations of a fragmented and in two locations of a contiguous forest landscape on the Atlantic Plateau of São Paulo in south-eastern Brazil. Standardized ten-day home ranges of 55 individuals were used to determine influences of landscape pattern, season, species, sex and age. In addition, total observed home ranges of 76 individuals were reported as minimum measures of spatial requirements of the species. Further, seasonal home ranges of recaptured individuals were compared to examine site fidelity.Chiroxiphia caudata, but notPyriglena leucopteraorSclerurus scansor, used home ranges more than twice as large in the fragmented versus contiguous forest. Home range sizes ofC. caudatadiffered in relation to sex, age, breeding status and season. Seasonal home ranges greatly overlapped in bothC. caudataand inS. scansor. Our results suggest that one response by some forest bird species to habitat fragmentation entails enlarging their home ranges to include several habitat fragments, whereas more habitat-sensitive species remain restricted to larger forest patches.
Pollinators and defence ofStachytarpheta glabra(Verbenaceae) nectar resources by the hummingbirdColibri serrirostris(Trochilidae) on ironstone outcrops in south-east Brazil
Authors: Jacobi Claudia Maria , Antonini Yasmine 
Published: May 2008

Abstract:The production and predictability of nectar resources in a population ofStachytarpheta glabra(Verbenaceae) and their use by insects and hummingbirds on ironstone outcrops in south-east Brazil were investigated. The phenology, density, nectar production, reproductive biology and floral visitors were studied, as well as territory size and daily nectar consumption by its main pollinator,Colibri serrirostris.The plant is abundant in the area, aggregated, and has a long flowering period, with very variable daily flower output. Although it can self-fertilize, it requires a pollen vector. Insect visitors totalled 21 species of bees and lepidopterans, including both pollinators and nectar robbers. Individuals ofC. serrirostrisdefend their territories against other hummingbirds and large insects. Nectar production per hummingbird territory (mean sizec. 462 m2) was estimated as 68.6–104 mL d−1in dense areas at the flowering peak, an amount well above the estimated daily consumption of 13 mL by territory holders. Still, defence of large areas seems necessary to reduce nectar theft and cope with spatial resource unpredictability. Phenological characteristics, high density, and the fact that plants are perennial makeS. glabraan attractive resource for nectar-feeders in general, and the main long-lasting nectar source for hummingbirds in the area.