bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous Loudness Judgments of Dynamics in Recorded Music Excerpts
Authors: Geringer John M. 
Published: June 2006

This study was designed to investigate loudness judgments of musician and nonmu-sician listeners in response to performed dynamic changes within a musical context. Ten previously recorded music excerpts selected from diverse examples of music served as stimuli. Subjects listened individually and responded continuously during music examples using the Continuous Response Digital Interface (CRDI) to indicate perceived loudness levels. A three-way analysis of variance revealed that musician subjects indicated a significantly smaller magnitude of dynamic change than did nonmusician subjects. Crescendos were judged as having a significantly greater magnitude of change than decrescendos. There were also differences between the individual excerpts. The obtained relationships between the subjective magnitude of loudness change and the physical magnitude of intensity change were compared to those found in the psychoa-coustical literature. Music stimuli in context were perceived somewhat differently than were the pure tone and noise-band stimuli of previous research.
Photodegradation Kinetics of Some Thiols and Thiones in Aqueous Suspension of Zinc Oxide
Authors: Montazerozohori Morteza , Karami Bahador , Habibi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPhotodegradation of several thiols and thiones including 2‐pyrimidinethiol, thiazolidine‐2‐thione, imidazolidine‐2‐thione, 1,2,4‐triazole 3‐thiol and 2,5‐dimercapto‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole have been studied in aerated aqueous solution using zinc oxide under irradiation with 400W high pressure mercury lamp. Rate constants span the range from 2.44×10‐2 min.‐1 to 1.76×10‐1 min.‐1. The slower degradation rate of 2‐imidazoline2‐thione could be related to oxidation potential of the corresponding ring. The Langmuir‐Hinshelwood (L‐H) rate constant kr and adsorption constant, (KA) for all five thiols and thiones are reported.
Complex Formation between Zn2+ Ion and 1,3‐Bis[Bis(Pyridin‐2‐Ylmethyl)Amino]Propan‐2‐Ol
Authors: Ciavatta Liberato , Mareque Juan C. , Natale Daniela , Salvatore Francesco 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe dinucleating ligand 1,3‐bis[bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amino] propan‐2‐ol (I, LOH) is becoming of increasing interest due to the exceptional phosphate monoester binding and phosphate diester hydrolytic properties of its dizinc(II) complexes in water. Potentiometric pH titrations using a range of Zn:I ratios reveals the formation of mononuclear and dinuclear metal complexes. In fact, when the Zn:I ratio is 1:1 only mononuclear complexes are formed. Previous work reported the formation of only dinuclear species. Thus, the results presented here should be important to interpret correctly and more accurately phosphate ester binding and hydrolysis data. Moreover, based on these findings we suggest that the phosphate binding and hydrolytic properties of mixtures containing Zn(II) ions and I should depend not only on the pH but also on the Zn:I ratio used.
ANN–based prediction of two‐phase gas– liquid flow patterns in a circular conduit
Authors: Sharma H. , Das G. , Samanta A. N. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe present study records an attempt to train artificial neural networks (ANNs) to develop an objective flow pattern indicator for air–water flows on the basis of the vast amount of data available in the literature. The technique should be capable of predicting the flow patterns as well as the intermediate bands of transition from known input variables such as the superficial velocity of the two phases, the pipe diameter, and its inclination. For this, the study tried three different types of ANN. The most commonly used feed‐forward back‐propagation (FFBP) technique accurately yields the flow patterns but fails when the transition regions are incorporated. The radial basis function network gives better predictions than those by FFBP but fails under certain flow conditions. The probabilistic neural network (PNN), based on Bayes–Parzen classification theory, gives accurate predictions of flow patterns for different pipe diameters and inclinations. It has been validated with both experimental and theoretical models available in the literature. It has next been used to generate generalized flow pattern maps for different pipe diameters and orientations. These maps reveal certain interesting features regarding the existence of flow patterns under different input conditions. PNN predicts the disappearance of the smooth stratified flow with slight inclinations from the horizontal orientation and the existence of churn flow only near the vertical orientation. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Population structure and admixture in Cerro Largo, Uruguay, based on blood markers and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms
Authors: Sans Mónica , Merriwether D. Andrew , Hidalgo Pedro C. , Bentancor Nilo , Weimer Tania A. , Franco Maria Helena L.P. , Alvarez Inés , Kemp Brian M. , Salzano Francisco M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractRecent studies of the Uruguayan population revealed different amounts of Amerindian and African genetic contributions. Our previous analysis of Afro‐Uruguayans from the capital city of the Department of Cerro Largo showed a high proportion of African genes, and the effects of directional mating involving Amerindian women. In this paper, we extended the analysis to a sample of more than 100 individuals representing a random sample of the population of the whole Department. Based on 18 autosomal markers and one X‐linked marker, we estimated 82% European, 8% Amerindian, and 10% African contributions to their ancestry, while from seven mitochondrial DNA site‐specific polymorphic markers and sequences of hypervariable segment I, we determined 49% European, 30% Amerindian, and 21% African maternal contributions. Directional matings between Amerindian women and European men were detected, but differences involving Africans were not significant. Data about the specific origins of maternal lineages were also provided, and placed in a historical context. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 18:513–524, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Typology in Mediterranean transitional waters: new challenges and perspectives
Authors: Basset A. , Sabetta L. , Fonnesu A. , Mouillot D. , Do Chi T. , Viaroli P. , Giordani G. , Reizopoulou S. , Abbiati M. , Carrada G. C. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Transitional waters are ecotones between terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems, being characterized by high spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability.
The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) posed to the scientific community the challenge to classify these ecosystems into a small number of types, while retaining a functional classification of ecosystem types.
A niche theory approach is proposed to identify the limiting forcing factors organizing biological quality elements, i.e. the limiting niche dimensions.
The analysis of a macro‐invertebrate dataset from published papers on 36 Italian lagoons suggested a two‐level typological classification of Mediterranean lagoons.
Basic ecological theories, such as niche and island biogeography theories, have fundamental implications for the process of developing a typological classification for all aquatic ecosystems, as required by the WFD.
Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemiluminescence flow‐injection analysis of β‐lactam antibiotics using the luminol–permanganate reaction
Authors: Li Yinhuan , Lu Jiuru 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA new flow injection chemiluminescence (CL) method has been developed for the determination of six β‐lactam antibiotics, including amoxicillin, cefadroxil, cefoperazone sodium, cefazolin sodium, cefradine and ceftriaxone sodium. When the antibiotic was injected into a stream of KMnO4 with alkaline luminol, a strong CL signal was produced. The method allows the measurements of 0.1–50.0 mg/L amoxicillin, 0.1–80.0 mg/L cefadroxil, 1.0–30.0 mg/L cefoperazone sodium, 1.0–30.0 mg/L cefazolin sodium, 3.0–50.0 mg/L cefradine and 3.0–50.0 mg/L ceftriaxone sodium. The detection limits are 0.05 mg/L for amoxycillin, 0.05 mg/L for cefadroxil, 0.4 mg/L for cefoperazonum sodium, 0.4 mg/L for cefazolin sodium, 0.8 mg/L for cefradine and 0.8 mg/L for ceftriaxone sodium. The relative standard deviations in 11 repeated measurements are 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.5%, 1.2%, 0.4% and 0.3% for 3.0 mg/L amoxicillin, 1.0 mg/L cefadroxil, 10.0 mg/L cefoperazone sodium, 10.0 mg/L cefazolin sodium, 10.0 mg/L cefradine and 10.0 mg/L ceftriaxone sodium, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of amoxicillin in pharmaceutical preparations. A possible CL reaction mechanism is also discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The preparation of CdTe nanoparticles and CdTe nanoparticle‐labelled microspheres for biological applications
Authors: Wang Xinyan , Ma Qiang , Li Bing , Li Yabing , Su Xingguang 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDifferent sizes of CdTe semiconductor nanoparticles were prepared in aqueous solution. These nanoparticles exhibit narrow fluorescence with full width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 35–45 nm that spans the visible spectrum, and they also have high PL quantum yield with high resistance to photodegradation. In addition, CdTe quantum dot (QD)‐labelled microspheres, comprising polystyrene (PS) cores and CdTe/polyelectrolyte (PE) shells, were also prepared by the layer‐by‐layer technique in this paper. The optical properties of the CdTe nanoparticles and CdTe‐labelled microspheres were investigated by UV‐Visible absorption and luminescence spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy was employed for microscopic identification behaviour of the luminescent microspheres. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radical‐Polar Crossover Domino Reactions Involving Organozinc and Mixed Organocopper/Organozinc Reagents
Authors: Denes Fabrice , Cutri Sabrina , Perez‐Luna Alejandro , Chemla Fabrice 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA domino process involving Michael addition and carbocyclization has been developed starting from β‐N‐allylamino enoates and various organometallic reagents (organozinc halides, diorganozinc reagents, and copper/zinc mixed species). In all cases the mechanism of this domino reaction has been evidenced to involve a radical‐polar crossover mechanism.
Non‐Biaryl Atropisomers in Organocatalysis
Authors: Brandes Sebastian , Niess Barbara , Bella Marco , Prieto Auxiliadora , Overgaard Jacob , Jørgensen Karl Anker 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA new class of 6′‐hydroxy cinchona alkaloids, with a non‐biaryl atropisomeric functionalisation at position 5′ of the quinoline core can be prepared by an easy amination procedure. These are the first derivatives for which the principle of atropisomerism is engrafted in the classical core of the cinchona alkaloids. The aminated cinchona alkaloids are effective organocatalysts for the Michael addition of β‐keto esters to acrolein and methyl vinyl ketone, in up to 93 % ee (ee=enantiomeric excess), as well as for the asymmetric Friedel–Crafts amination of a variety of 2‐naphthols, permitting the preparation of the latter in up to 98 % ee. The aminated 8‐amino‐2‐naphthol itself is the first chiral organocatalyst based on non‐biaryl atropisomerism. The two enantiomers of this chiral primary amine can be used for the direct α‐fluorination of α‐branched aldehydes. The fluorinated compounds can thereby be accessed in up to 90 % ee.
Electrodeposition of Nano‐ and Microcrystalline Aluminium in Three Different Air and Water Stable Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zein El Abedin S. , Moustafa E. M. , Hempelmann R. , Natter H. , Endres F. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe present work shows, for the first time, a comparative experimental study on the electrodeposition of aluminium in three different water and air stable ionic liquids, namely 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium‐bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMP]Tf2N), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium‐bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIm] Tf2N), and trihexyl‐tetradecyl‐phosphoniumbis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (P14,6,6,6 Tf2N). The ionic liquids [BMP]Tf2N and [EMIm]Tf2N show biphasic behaviour in the AlCl3 concentration range from 1.6 to 2.5 mol L−1 and 2.5 to 5 mol L−1, respectively. The biphasic mixtures become monophasic at temperatures ≥80 °C. It was found that nanocrystalline aluminium can be electrodeposited in the ionic liquid [BMP]Tf2N saturated with AlCl3. The deposits obtained are generally uniform, dense, shining, and adherent with very fine crystallites in the nanometer size regime. However, coarse cubic‐shaped aluminium particles in the micrometer range are obtained in the ionic liquid [EMIm]Tf2N. In this liquid the particle size significantly increases as the temperature rises. A very thin, mirrorlike aluminium film containing very fine crystallites of about 20 nm is obtained in the ionic liquid [trihexyl‐tetradecyl‐phosphonium]Tf2N at room temperature. At 150 °C, the average grain size is found to be 35 nm.
A Strategy for the Stereoselective Preparation of Thymidine Phosphorothioates with the (R) or the (S) Configuration at the Stereogenic Phosphorus Atom and Their Application to the Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides with Stereochemically Pure Phosphate/Phosphorothioate Chimeric Backbones
Authors: Hayakawa Yoshihiro , Hirabayashi Yoshiko , Hyodo Mamoru , Yamashita Satoko , Matsunami Tomoyuki , Cui Dong‐Mei , Kawai Rie , Kodama Hidehiko 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis paper describes a new method for the highly stereoselective preparation of dithymidine phosphorothioates (TpsT) with the (R) or the (S) configuration at the stereogenic phosphorus atom [(Rp)‐ or (Sp)‐TpsT, respectively], together with the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides with stereochemically pure phosphate/phosphorothioate mixed backbones through the use of (Rp)‐ or (Sp)‐TpsT as building blocks.Stereochemically pure (Rp)‐ or (Sp)‐TpsT was produced through a five‐step process: 1) 1H‐tetrazole‐promoted thermodynamic equilibration of a diastereomeric mixture of allyl (Rp)‐ and (Sp)‐thymidine 3′,5′‐cyclic phosphate to give the (Sp) isomer as the major component, 2) stereospecific sulfurization of the allyl (Sp)‐thymidine 3′,5′‐cyclic phosphate to afford an allyl (Rp)‐thymidine 3′,5′‐cyclic phosphorothioate, 3) regioselective and stereoselective methanolysis of the allyl (Rp)‐thymidine 3′,5′‐cyclic phosphorothioate to provide an allyl methyl (Rp)‐thymidine 3′‐phosphorothioate as the main product, 4) stereospecific removal of the methyl group from the phosphorothioate moiety to give an allyl (Rp)‐5′‐O‐dimethoxytritylthymidine 3′‐phosphorothioate diester, or stereospecific removal of the allyl group from the phosphate moiety to form a methyl (Sp)‐5′‐O‐dimethoxytritylthymidine 3′‐phosphorothioate diester, and 5) stereospecific condensation of these (Rp)‐ and (Sp)‐diesters with a 5′‐O‐free thymidine in a Mitsunobu reaction to produce the allyl (3′–5′)‐linked (Sp)‐dithymidine phosphorothioate and the methyl (3′–5′)‐linked (Rp)‐dithymidine phosphorothioate, respectively. The resulting (Rp)‐ and (Sp)‐dithymidine phosphorothioates were converted into their 3′‐phosphoramidites. Oligodeoxyribonucleotides with stereochemically pure phosphate/phosphorothioate‐mixed backbones were then synthesized by use of these phosphoramidites as building blocks. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Effects of bone protein extract on human mesenchymal stem cells proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Woo Charlotte , Li Haisheng , Baatrup Anette , Krause Andrea , Kassem Moustapha , Bunger Cody , Lind Martin 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSince its osteoinductive capacity has been established, demineralized bone matrix is considered a suitable alternative to bone autograft in the healing of osseous defects. The mechanisms of bone formation induction are still not fully understood. In this study we assessed the effects of a dispersion of bovine bone extract COLLOSS® (BPE) with regard to proliferation and differentiation of a human mesenchymal stem cell line overexpressing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hMSC‐TERT). Proliferation rate was determined by 3H‐thymidine incorporation. The differentiation of hMSC‐TERT cells to osteoblastic cells was assessed by means of measuring alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen synthesis in vitro. Both undifferentiated and osteoblast‐differentiated hMSC‐TERT cells were investigated for response to BPE. The metabolic responses to BPE were compared to unstimulated cells and cells stimulated with bovine collagen (COL). Undifferentiated hMSC‐TERT cells responded to BPE with increased proliferation and decreased alkaline phosphatase activity. Osteoblastic differentiated hMSC‐TERT cells had a diminished proliferative response and an increased alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen synthesis. Our study demonstrated significant metabolic effects of BPE on hMSC‐TERT cells, which were highly dependant on the differentiated state of the cells. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Scribble associates with two polarity proteins, lgl2 and vangl2, via distinct molecular domains
Authors: Kallay Laura M. , McNickle Allison , Brennwald Patrick J. , Hubbard Ann L. , Braiterman Lelita T. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractScribble (Scrib) is a large multi‐domain cytoplasmic protein that was first identified through its requirement for the establishment of epithelial polarity. We tested the hypotheses that Scrib asssociates with the basolateral membrane via multiple domains, binds specific protein partners, and is part of a multimeric complex. We generated a series of EGFP‐tagged Scrib fusion proteins and examined their membrane localizations in two types of polarized mammalian epithelial cells using biochemical and morphological approaches. We found that Scrib's Leucine‐rich‐repeat (LRR) and PDS‐95/Discs Large/ZO‐1 (PDZ) domains independently associate with the plasma membrane in both cell types. We identified multiple large Scrib complexes, demonstrated that Scrib and the cytoplasmic protein Lethal giant larvae2 (Lgl2) co‐IP and that this association occurs via Scrib's LRR domain. Further, this report demonstrates that the membrane protein Vangl2 binds selectively to specific PDZ domains in Scrib. Our identification of Scrib's associations highlights its function in multiple biologic pathways and sets the stage for future identification of more proteins that must interact with Scrib's remaining domains. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 647–664, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Copper and cadmium extraction from highly concentrated phosphoric acid solutions using calcium alginate gels enclosing bis(2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl)thiophosphinic acid
Authors: Ocio Argune , Mijangos Federico , Elizalde Maria 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe availability of alginate gels enclosing Cyanex 302 [bis(2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl)thiophosphinic acid] for the uptake of cadmium and copper from highly concentrated solutions of industrial phosphoric acid wet process phosphoric acid (WPA)] was studied. For this purpose, beads of alginate gels enclosing microdrops of kerosene solutions of the industrial extractant Cyanex 302 at different concentrations were prepared. The experimental procedure gives rise to a composite bead in which alginate is the continuous phase and the organic extractant forms the discrete homogeneously distributed phase within the bead. The equilibrium in this three‐phase system (phosphoric acid–extractant solution–alginate gel) was modelled in terms of the corresponding distribution factors, the main chemical reactions and their equilibrium constants. Retention isotherms of both metal ions were obtained experimentally at four concentrations (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mol L−1) of pure phosphoric acid. High metal removal efficiency, due to liquid–liquid extraction processes, was observed even in the most acidic conditions. High values of the extraction constants were estimated, with the distribution coefficients between aqueous and alginate phase being near unity. Finally, the results obtained with industrial WPA are in close agreement with those predicted by the physicochemical model developed in synthetic media. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
“I” is to continuance as “We” is to affective: the relevance of the self‐concept for organizational commitment
Authors: Johnson Russell E. , Chang Chu‐Hsiang 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe goal of the present study was to examine the intersection of employees' self‐concept, a pivotal self‐regulatory mechanism, with their organizational commitment. We supported our hypothesis that unique associations exist between affective commitment and collective self‐concept, due to their shared group‐oriented focus and internalization of collective goals and norms. Furthermore, we observed unique associations between continuance commitment and individual self‐concept, likely owing to a shared emphasis on preserving personal investments and avoiding adverse outcomes. We also show that self‐concept moderates relationships between commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), such that affective (continuance) commitment–OCB relationships were stronger for employees with high collective (individual) self‐concept levels. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endoscopic laser speckle imaging of tissue blood flow: Applications in the human knee
Authors: Bray R. C. , Forrester K. R. , Reed J. , Leonard C. , Tulip J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis work represents the first clinical data acquired with the endoscopic laser speckle imaging (eLSPI) system, a new diagnostic tool developed for real‐time imaging of tissue blood flow during endoscopic surgical procedures. eLSPI was used to image tissue perfusion in the medial compartment of the knee of five patients requiring arthroscopic knee surgery. The effectiveness of eLSPI as a diagnostic tool was tested by measuring changes in tissue perfusion resultant from tourniquet application, and intra‐articular epinephrine. eLSPI produced real‐time perfusion video images of tissue blood flow in the knee joint. Tourniquet applications produced consistent decreases in mean perfusion index measurements (29.3% ± 5.1% in meniscus; 39.5% ± 8.2% in synovium with an intra patient variability of 6%–9%). A dose‐dependent vasoconstrictive response to the administration of intra‐articular epinephrine was measured, with maximum dose producing a mean decrease in perfusion of 31.0%–9.3% in meniscus and 41.2%–10.9% in synovium. eLSPI consistently detects decreases in articular tissue blood flow resultant from tourniquet inflation or from the administration of increasing concentrations of epinephrine. These are the first in vivo results indicating physiologic changes in articular tissue as a function of two commonly applied practices in endoscopic joint surgery. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1650–1659, 2006