bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Web site understanding with keyword‐based clustering
Authors: Ricca Filippo , Pianta Emanuele , Tonella Paolo , Girardi Christian 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWeb applications are becoming more and more complex and difficult to maintain. To satisfy the customer's demands, they need to be updated often and quickly. In the maintenance phase, Web site understanding is a central activity. In this phase, programmers spend a lot of time and effort in the comprehension of the internal Web site structure. Such activity is often required because the available documentation is not aligned with the implementation, if not missing at all. Reverse engineering techniques have the potential to support Web site understanding, by providing views that show the organization of a site and its navigational structure. However, representing each Web page as a node in a diagram recovered from the source code of the Web site often leads to huge and unreadable graphs. Moreover, since the level of connectivity is typically high, the edges in such graphs make the overall result even less usable. In this paper, we propose an approach to Web site understanding based on clustering of client‐side HTML pages with similar content. This approach works well with content‐oriented sites rather than application‐oriented ones and uses a crawler to download the Web pages of the target Web site. The presence of common keywords is exploited to decide when it is appropriate to group pages together. An experimental work, including 17 Web sites, validates our approach and shows that the clusters produced automatically are close to those that a human would produce for a given Web site. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methamphetamine‐induced sensitization includes a functional upregulation of ventral pallidal 5‐HT2A/2Creceptors
Authors: Napier T. Celeste , Istre Erik D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMethamphetamine (METH) causes the release of serotonin (5‐HT), but little is known about how repeated exposure to METH modifies serotonergic receptor function, especially in the ventral pallidum (VP), a brain region highly innervated by serotonin inputs. The current study was designed to ascertain if ventral pallidal neurons are functionally upregulated 3 days after a behaviorally sensitizing treatment regimen of METH, and whether these effects could be revealed by activating the 5‐HT2A/2Creceptors. Rats treated with METH (2.5 kg/mg/day) for 5 days, responded with enhanced stereotypic behaviors. Electrophysiological evaluations of the VP conducted in anesthetized rats 3 days following this sensitizing treatment regimen of METH revealed that spiking rate increases induced by intravenous METH were augmented above that seen in rats with a history of saline treatments. The efficacy of the 5‐HT2A/2Cagonist, 1‐(2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐iodophenyl)‐2‐aminopropane (DOI) to augment ventral pallidal cell firing also was enhanced in METH‐sensitized rats. These data reveal that METH‐induced behavioral sensitization renders the VP more responsive to METH and is associated with a functional upregulation of 5‐HT2receptors. Synapse 62:14–21, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is adolescence a sensitive period for depression? Behavioral and neuroanatomical findings from a social stress model
Authors: Leussis Melanie P. , Andersen Susan L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectives: Sex differences in depressive symptoms emerge during adolescence, with females more at risk than males. However, adverse life events during development have greater impact on males. An animal model that incorporates behavioral and anatomical changes following adolescent stress is needed. Experimental Design: Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed to social stress (SS; isolation housing during P30–35) or remained group‐housed (GRP) and tested in the forced swim test (FST), the triadic learned helplessness model (LH), and the elevated plus maze. Western immunoblots of myelin basic protein (MBP) and synaptophysin (SVP) and spinophillin indexed synaptic and dendritic plasticity, respectively. Principal Observations: At P36, SS increased climbing behavior in both sexes, and decreased the latency to immobility in females following a 15 min inescapable swim in the FST. Depressive‐like behaviors were differentially elevated in both sexes 24 h later. GRP females exhibited higher levels of depression‐related behaviors than GRP males in both FST and LH paradigms. SS significantly increased depressive behaviors in the FST in males, and impaired their ability to escape shock previously conditioned to be controllable. SS decreased open arm time in females only. The greatest reductions in synaptic plasticity proteins were observed in the prefrontal cortex: spinophillin (19.1%), SVP (7.9%), and MBP (48.7%, males only). Smaller reductions in spinophillin were observed in the hippocampus and amygdala. Conclusions: Adolescent separation produces both behavioral and neural changes associated with stress‐related depression and anxiety. Additional work is needed to improve our understanding of stress as it relates to depression during this vulnerable period of development. Synapse 62:22–30, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sustainability: a new high‐rise vernacular?
Authors: Wood Antony 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper outlines the viability of the tall building as a sustainable element in our future urban centres and examines several tall building case studies that have embraced environmental approaches to a lesser or greater degree. In doing this, it suggests a number of design approaches which, collectively and broadly, could be interpreted as a new vernacular for the skyscraper based on sustainability. This vernacular is particularly relevant to developing cities, whose import of Western models is contributing to a degradation of local culture and an homogenization of urban centres globally. The paper concludes with a fledgling set of design principles to encourage this new sustainable vernacular in high rise design. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
About the active and reactive power measurements in unsymmetrical voltage dip ride‐through testing
Authors: Niiranen Jouko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe electrical utilities have specified in their recent requirements that wind turbines have to be capable to ride through severe symmetrical and unsymmetrical voltage dips without disconnection. Moreover, the generators are required to produce active and reactive power in order to improve the stability of the grid. For symmetric three‐phase dips, the measurement of reactive and active power, and current is quite straightforward, and several methods can be used. On the contrary, with unsymmetrical dips, very different results are obtained using alternative methods. A recommendation to use active and reactive power calculation method based on the positive sequence of the fundamental component is given. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety of Repair for Severe Duodenal Injuries
Authors: Velmahos George C. , Constantinou Constantinos , Kasotakis George 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundThere is ongoing debate about the management of severe duodenal injuries (SDIs), and earlier studies have recommended pyloric exclusion. The objective of this study was to compare primary repair with pyloric exclusion to examine if primary repair can be safely used in SDIs.MethodsThe medical records of 193 consecutive patients who were admitted between August 1992 and January 2004 with duodenal injuries were reviewed. After excluding early deaths (n = 50), low‐grade duodenal injuries (n = 81), and pancreatoduodenectomies for catastrophic trauma (n = 12), a total of 50 patients with SDIs (grade III, IV, or V) were analyzed. Primary repair (PR—simple duodenorrhaphy or resection and primary anastomosis) was performed in 34 (68%) and pyloric exclusion (PE) in 16 (32%). Characteristics and outcomes of these two groups were compared.ResultsPE and PR patients were similar for age, injury severity score, abdominal abbreviated injury score, physiologic status on admission, time to operation, and most abdominal organs injured. PE patients had more pancreatic injuries (63% vs. 24%, p < 0.01), a higher frequency of injuries to the first and second part of the duodenum (79% vs. 42%, p = 0.02), and a nonsignificant trend toward more grade IV and V injuries (37% vs. 18%, p = 0.11). There was no difference in morbidity (including complications specific to the duodenal repair), mortality, and intensive care unit and hospital length of stay between the two groups.ConclusionsPyloric exclusion is not necessary for all patients with SDIs, as previously suggested. Selected SDI patients can be safely managed by simple primary repair.
Persistent Disease in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Lymph Node Metastases After Surgery and Iodine‐131 Ablation
Authors: Verburg Frederik A. , de Keizer Bart , Lam Marnix G. E. H. , de Klerk J. M. H. , Lips Cornelis J. M. , Borel‐rinkes Inne H. M. , van Isselt Johannes W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of treatment of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and lymph node metastases at the time of diagnosis and its influence on the course of the disease.MethodsIt is a retrospective review of all 51 patients with PTC and histologically proven lymph node metastases treated with I‐131 ablation in our center between January 1990 and January 2003. Patients were considered disease‐free if during follow‐up thyroglobulin levels were undetectable and scintigraphy with 370 MBq 131I was negative during thyroid‐stimulating hormone stimulation. Staging of patients was in accordance with the 5th edition of the TNM system.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 84 months, 33 (65%) patients were never free of detectable disease; and 3 of these patients had died of the PTC. In total, 22 patients still showed persistent activity in the neck outside the thyroid bed, which was suspect to be cervical lymph node metastasis on postablation scintigraphy; it was not related to the initial clinical presentation (lymph node metastasis or a thyroid nodule without suspicion of metastatic disease) or to the extent of surgery. Altogether, 34 patients required additional treatment. Patients presenting with clinically overt lymph node metastasis showed a significantly (p = 0.022) lower rate of becoming disease‐free than those in whom microscopic lymph node involvement was unexpectedly found upon pathologic examination. There was no significant association of the eventual outcome with the extent of surgical treatment, TNM staging, or age.ConclusionsPatients with lymph node metastasis are considerably less likely to become disease‐free. If the initial treatment does not result in a disease‐free status, chances are low that additional treatment will succeed in achieving it.
Long‐Term Outcome of 254 Complex Incisional Hernia Repairs Using the Modified Rives‐Stoppa Technique
Authors: Iqbal Corey W. , Pham Tuan H. , Joseph Anthony , Mai Jane , Thompson Geoffrey B. , Sarr Michael G. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundRepair of complex incisional hernias poses a major challenge.AimThe aim of this study was to review the outcomes of the modified Rives‐Stoppa repair of complex incisional hernias using a synthetic prosthesis.MethodsWe reviewed patients undergoing a modified Rives‐Stoppa repair of complex incisional hernias from 1990 to 2003. Patients were followed through clinic visits and mailed questionnaires. Follow‐up data were complete in all patients (mean 70 months, range 24–177 months), and 87% of patients completed a mailed questionnaire. Primary outcome included mortality, morbidity, and hernia recurrence. Secondary outcome measures were duration of hospital stay, long‐term abdominal wall pain, and self‐reported patient satisfaction.ResultsAltogether, 254 patients underwent a modified Rives‐Stoppa repair. Among them, 60% had a significant co‐morbidity, and 30% had one or more previously failed hernia repairs. Mortality was zero, and overall morbidity was 13% (wound infection 4%, prosthetic infection 3%, seroma/hematoma 4%). The overall hernia recurrence rate was 5%, including explantation of mesh because of infection. Wound/prosthetic infection was predictive for hernia recurrence (31% vs. 4%, p = 0.003). Among the respondents, 89% reported overall satisfaction with their repair.ConclusionThe Rives‐Stoppa repair of complex incisional hernias using synthetic prosthetic materials is safe with a low recurrence rate (5%) and high patient satisfaction. Postoperative wound infection is a risk factor for hernia recurrence.
Surgery for Digestive Malignancies in Patients with Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Aoyanagi Nobuyoshi , Iizuka Ichiro , Watanabe Minoru 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe psychiatric population has been reported to be accompanied with a higher morbidity and mortality in several situations. However, little is known about the effect of co‐morbid psychiatric disorders on surgical risk during major digestive surgery for malignancies. Our purpose in the present study, therefore, was to evaluate the impact of co‐morbid psychiatric disorders on the outcome of surgery for digestive malignancies.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of 568 consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomies, gastrectomies, or colorectal resections between June 1998 and May 2006. Of these, 86 patients had psychiatric disorders (disorder group: DG) and the remaining 482 patients did not (non‐disorder group: NG). Postoperative parameters including morbidity, mortality, length of postoperative hospital stay in the surgical ward, and the incidence of psychiatric disorder‐associated problems were assessed.ResultsOverall, there was 1 patient who died within 30 days in hospital in the DG and 2 patient deaths in the NG. Thirty complications developed in 24 patients of the DG, whereas 138 complications developed in 129 patients of the NG. There was no significant difference in the morbidity or mortality rate between the two groups. The length of the postoperative hospital stay was also similar between the two groups, and the incidence of psychiatric disorder‐associated postoperative problems was about ten times higher in the DG than in the NG.ConclusionsPatients with psychiatric disorders are not accompanied with excess surgical risk during major surgery for digestive malignancies as compared to patients without psychiatric disorders.
Endovascular Therapy for Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia
Authors: Piffaretti Gabriele , Tozzi Matteo , Lomazzi Chiara , Rivolta Nicola , Riva Francesca , Caronno Roberto , Laganà Domenico , Carrafiello Gianpaolo , Castelli Patrizio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this article is to report on the effectiveness and durability of endovascular therapy for obstructive disease of the superior mesenteric artery and celiac trunk.Patients and methodsOur retrospective study population included nine patients (five women, four men; mean age 64 years, range 34–83 years) with 15 lesions. The indication for endovascular therapy was chronic mesenteric ischemia. The technical and clinical success rates and the incidence of complications were determined. Follow‐up parameters included maintained patency and sustained clinical benefit.ResultsTen vessels were treated. The primary technical and clinical success rates were both 100% with no perioperative mortality. Major complications occurred in two patients (pseudoaneurysms). During a mean follow‐up of 31 ± 18 months (range 3–60 months), thrombosis occurred in two patients at 1 and 3 months after the procedures, respectively. Thrombosis was successfully treated by catheter‐directed intraarterial thrombolysis followed by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) (n = 1) or stenting (n = 1). At 2 and 5 years, the primary patency rate was 78%, whereas survival was estimated to be 85% and 68% at 2 and 5 years, respectively. At this follow‐up, all patients had obtained relief of symptoms.ConclusionsOur experience suggests that endovascular treatment for chronic mesenteric arterial obstructive disease is feasible, with a low incidence of complications and acceptable midterm results.
Biological invasion as a natural experiment of the evolutionary processes: introduction of the special feature
Authors: Yoshida Takehito , Goka Koichi , Ishihama Fumiko , Ishihara Michihiro , Kudo Shin‐ichi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAlthough biological invasion has a devastating impact on biodiversity, it also provides a valuable opportunity for natural experiments on evolutionary responses. Alien populations are often subject to strong natural selection when they are exposed to new abiotic and biotic conditions. Native populations can also undergo strong selection when interacting with introduced enemies and competitors. This special feature aims to highlight how evolutionary studies take advantage of biological invasion and, at the same time, emphasizes how studying evolutionary processes deepens our understanding of biological invasions. We hope this special feature stimulates more invasion studies taking evolutionary processes into account. Those studies should provide fundamental information essential for formulating effective measures in conserving native biodiversity, as well as valuable empirical tests for evolutionary theories.
RETRACTED: The relationship between brokers’ influence, strength of ties and NPD project outcomes in innovation‐driven horizontal networks
Authors: Oke Adegoke , Idiagbon‐Oke Moronke , Walumbwa Fred 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).This article has been retracted at the request of the co‐Editor‐in‐Chief. The retraction has been agreed due to data reporting irregularities, following an investigation conducted by the Journal.We apologize that this was not detected during the submission and review process.
Spectacular Expectations: Women, Law and Film
Authors: MACPHERSON HEIDI SLETTEDAHL 
Published: October 2007

This article explores the contradiction between the ingrained belief that justice should be “blind” and the filmic tradition of positioning woman as spectacle. Recognizing that a law film does not offer a direct translation of material reality, it explores how these representations of the law work with and against popular understandings of femininity – and feminism. The article offers a reading of selected screen adaptations of real legal entanglements to show how a focus on appearance marks a woman's trial (and subsequent filming of it), before focusing on the case of Barbara Graham, immortalized in the award-winning film I Want to Live!
DECREASE IN SEX DIFFERENCE IN PREMATURE MORTALITY DURING SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION IN POLAND
Authors: KOŁODZIEJ HALINA , ŁOPUSZAŃSKA MONIKA , JANKOWSKA EWA A. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryIn recent years, sex differences in mortality have followed diverse patterns of change in developed countries. As there is no analogous evidence from Poland, the aim of this study was to describe the pattern of change in excess male mortality among Polish inhabitants aged 35–64 during 1995–2002, when the major socioeconomic transformation occurred, and compare it with sex differences in mortality observed in the late 1980s. During the study period, excess male mortality decreased significantly, independently of age and educational level. The reduction in mortality was observed in both sexes, but its magnitude was greater in men. These changes resulted mainly from a reduction in mortality rates due to cardiovascular disease and lung cancer in males and a concomitant increase in mortality rates due to lung cancer and suicides in females. Although, in general, excess male mortality decreased, social gradients related to this phenomenon increased. Subjects (in particularly men) who had graduated from university benefited the most, their magnitude of reduction in mortality rates being the greatest. Changes in social environment during the transformation period in Poland are suggested as major determinants of these changes, but further studies are needed.
TESTING HIERARCHICAL LEVELS OF POPULATION SUB-STRUCTURING: THE AZORES ISLANDS (PORTUGAL) AS A CASE STUDY
Authors: SANTOS CRISTINA , ABADE AUGUSTO , LIMA MANUELA 
Published: October 2007

SummaryThe Azores archipelago (Portugal) is formed by nine islands whose relative positions define them as three geographical groups: Eastern (S. Miguel and Sta. Maria), Central (Terceira, Faial, Pico, Graciosa and S. Jorge) and Western (Flores and Corvo). Using the father’s surname of 187,398 individuals living on the nine Azorean Islands, a population analysis based on inter-island relationship and hierarchical organization was conducted. The relation between islands was investigated using summary statistics, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) as well as graphical methods. When the values of heteronymy were contrasted with values of gene diversity based on haplogroup frequencies of the Y chromosome, it was possible to verify that Graciosa and Sta. Maria appeared to have the least diverse populations, and that Flores, despite its smaller population size and geographical isolation, has considerably higher levels of diversity. As for inter-island relationships, the difficulty of directly interpreting summary statistics values was evidenced. The AMOVA revealed that only 0·77% of the variation in surnames can be attributed to among-island variation, a value that, although small, can be considered significant. Application of Malécot’s model revealed that geographic distance has an important impact in the genetic structure of the archipelago. Monmonier’s maximum-difference algorithm demonstrated that the most isolated island of the archipelago appears to be Graciosa, followed by the islands of the Western group and by Sta. Maria. After integrating values of summary statistics with results from AMOVA and graphical methods, a more accurate genetic profile of the Azores, highly supported by genetic data, has emerged.
Researching and teaching China and Hong Kong English
Authors: Li David C. S. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTTHE ENGLISH curriculum in China – including the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) – has traditionally been dominated by native-speaker (NS) based pedagogical models. This is a source of many problems, ranging from learning outcome to teaching performance, and from cultural inappropriacy to speaker identity. Research in World Englishes (WE), in English as a lingua franca (ELF) and an international language (EIL), and to a lesser extent in second-language acquisition (SLA) has shown that a curriculum informed by a deficit model (by measuring learner performance using the yardstick of native-speaker-based standards) is by its very nature disempowering, and should be replaced with a model of difference, whereby learners' L1 identities and ownership of English are both respected.
Two-year-olds' productivity with verbal inflections
Authors: HOHENSTEIN JILL , AKHTAR NAMEERA 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTPrevious research has examined children's ability to add inflections to nonsense words. The current experiments were designed to determine whether children, ranging in age from 1 ; 9 to 2 ; 10 (N=34), could demonstrate productivity by dropping verbal inflections. In Experiment 1, children added -ed and -ing to novel stems, and dropped them from novel inflected forms and did so largely appropriately. In Experiment 2, they dropped -ing from verbs, but not from nouns, suggesting that when young children drop inflections they tend to do so appropriately, and not simply for ease of pronunciation.