bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny of Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) based on DNA sequences from three genomes
Authors: Bakker Freek T. , Culham Alastair , Hettiarachi Priyani , Touloumenidou Tasoula , Gibby Mary 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPhylogenetic hypotheses for the largely South African genus Pelargonium L'Hér. (Geraniaceae) were derived based on DNA sequence data from nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial encoded regions. The datasets were unequally represented and comprised cpDNA trnL­F sequences for 152 taxa, nrDNA ITS sequences for 55 taxa, and mtDNA nad 1 b/c exons for 51 taxa. Phylogenetic hypotheses derived from the separate three datasets were overall congruent. A single hypothesis synthesising the information in the three datasets was constructed following a total evidence approach and implementing dataset specific stepmatrices in order to correct for substitution biases. Pelargonium was found to consist of five main clades, some with contrasting evolutionary patterns with respect to biogeographic distributions, dispersal capacity, pollination biology and karyological diversification. The five main clades are structured in two (subgeneric) clades that correlate with chromosome size. One of these clades includes a "winter rainfall clade" containing more than 70% of all currently described Pelargonium species, and all restricted to the South African Cape winter rainfall region. Apart from (woody) shrubs and small herbaceous rosette subshrubs, this clade comprises a large "xerophytic" clade including geophytes, stem and leaf succulents, harbouring in total almost half of the genus. This clade is considered to be the result of in situ proliferation, possibly in response to late­Miocene and Pliocene aridification events. Nested within it is a radiation comprising c. 80 species from the geophytic Pelargonium section Hoarea, all characterised by the possession of (a series of) tunicate tubers.
Morphological and molecular investigation of the parentage and maternity of Anacamptis × albuferensis (A. fragrans × A. robusta), a new hybrid orchid from Mallorca, Spain
Authors: Bateman Richard M. , Hollingsworth Peter M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA new hybrid combination is reported here between two highly divergent (and taxonomically controversial) species, A. robusta (from the basally divergent A. palustris group) and A. fragrans (from the more derived A. coriophora group); this plant, originating from the Albufera wetlands in Mallorca, is here named A. ×albuferensis R.M. Bateman, nothosp. nov. Sequencing of nuclear ITS and plastid trnL regions, together with PCR­RFLP analysis of the ITS region, confirm the suspected parentage of the hybrid and identify A. fragrans as the seed­parent. Production of this hybrid is therefore inferred to have required a minimum travel distance of ca 100 m by the pollen vector from the closest presently available pollen­parent of A. robusta. As usual in orchids, the hybrid is intermediate between its parents in the majority of the 57 morphometric characters scored, but it more closely resembles its mother in three times more characters than its father. Placing this new combination in the context of other records of hybridisation in subtribe Orchidinae provides further evidence of the genetic cohesion of the genus Anacamptis, which was recently expanded to include approximately one third of the species previously assigned to Orchis s.l.
Lord 8 Deer “Jaguar Claw” and the Land of the Sky: The Archaeology and History of Tututepec
Authors: Joyce Arthur A. , Workinger Andrew G. , Hamann Byron , Kroefges Peter , Oland Maxine , King Stacie M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis article balances current understandings of the political landscape of Postclassic Mesoamerica through a conjunctive analysis of the archaeology and ethnohistory of the Mixtec Empire of Tututepec in the lower Río Verde region of Oaxaca. Tututepec has long been known from ethnohistoric sources as a powerful Late Postclassic imperial center. Until recently, however, little has been known of the archaeology of the site. We discuss the founding, extent, chronology, and aspects of the internal organization and external relations of Tututepec based on the results of a regional survey, excavations, and a reanalysis of ethnohistoric documents. Tututepec was founded early in the Late Postclassic period when the region was vulnerable to conquest due to political fragmentation and unrest. Indigenous historical data from three Mixtec codices narrate the founding of Tututepec as part of the heroic history of Lord 8 Deer “Jaguar Claw.” According to these texts, Lord 8 Deer founded Tututepec through a creative combination of traditional Mixtec foundation rites and a strategic alliance with a highland group linked to the Tolteca-Chichimeca. Archaeological and ethnohistoric evidence indicate that Tututepec continued to expand through the Late Postclassic, growing to 21.85 km2, and at its peak was the capital of an empire extending over 25,000 km2.
Architecture and Polity in the Formative Lake Titicaca Basin, Bolivia
Authors: Beck Robin A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA regional approach to public architecture offers a useful medium through which to study changes in the scale of integrative institutions. Changes in political structure are often associated with changes in the scale and complexity of public ritual space. In Bolivia’s Lake Titicaca Basin, Middle Formative period (800–250 B.C.) villagers along the Taraco Peninsula built earthen platforms that visually dominated their settlements. Until recently, research on the peninsula had focused almost exclusively on the site of Chiripa, with the result that little was known of the regional context in which this site and its neighbors emerged. Now, after excavations at the contemporaneous site of Alto Pukara, the sequence of public architecture at Middle Formative communities may be viewed within a regional context. This paper evaluates the trajectory of institutional complexity along the Taraco Peninsula through a formal comparison of public ritual architecture at Alto Pukara and Chiripa. Six criteria for measuring architectural variation—centrality, permanence, accessibility, visibility, scale, and ubiquity—facilitate this comparison. Only through a regional approach can we understand the integrative role of public space in these early village societies.
Language crimes and the cognitive interview: testing its efficacy in retrieving a conversational event
Authors: Campos Laura , Alonso‐Quecuty María L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFrequently, the only available evidence in ‘language crimes’ (e.g. verbal sexual harassment) is witness statements about criminal conversations. However, previous research has showed that recall for sentences in conversation is very poor. The main aim of this research was to find out how to solve this problem. The cognitive interview (CI) is an interview technique which has shown to be more effective in recalling criminal episodes than a comparison interview. In addition, our experience in research on the CI had been highly satisfactory; therefore, we decided to use the CI as a tool in the research on memory for conversation, so far ignored. Thus, this study tested, for the first time, whether the CI would be also successful in obtaining complete and accurate accounts for a criminal conversation. Different forms of correct recall (verbatim/gist) of the verbal information as well as different types of errors (distortions/fabrications) were also examined. It was predicted that the CI would elicit more correct information without an increase in errors than a comparison interview (i.e. a free‐recall protocol). Results confirmed these hypotheses. Interpretations of the overall findings are offered within the context of theoretical principles concerning the retrieval of information from memory. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Citers' use of citees' names: Findings from a qualitative interview‐based study
Authors: Harwood Nigel 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis article focuses on why academic writers in computer science and sociology sometimes supply the reader with more details of citees' names than they need to: Why do citers name citees when using the Footnote System, and why do citers include citees' first names when using the Harvard System? These questions were investigated as part of a qualitative, interview‐based study of citation behavior. A number of motivations were advanced by informants, including the desire for stylistic elegance, for informality, to make the text accessible to less informed readers, to mark a close relationship between citer and citee, to alert readers to a little known citee, and to acknowledge seminal sources. In a number of cases, however, informants were unable to offer any motivation, reporting that their behavior had been unconscious or accidental. The study underlines B. Cronin's (1984, 2005) argument that citation is a private and subjective process, and shows that interview‐based studies afford the analyst insights into writers' citing practices which alternative methodologies cannot.
Information culture and information use: An exploratory study of three organizations
Authors: Choo Chun Wei , Bergeron Pierrette , Detlor Brian , Heaton Lorna 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis research explores the link between information culture and information use in three organizations. We ask if there is a way to systematically identify information behaviors and values that can characterize the information culture of an organization, and whether this culture has an effect on information use outcomes. The primary method of data collection was a questionnaire survey that was applied to a national law firm, a public health agency, and an engineering company. Over 650 persons in the three organizations answered the survey. Data analysis suggests that the questionnaire instrument was able to elicit information behaviors and values that denote an organization's information culture. Moreover, the information behaviors and values of each organization were able to explain 30–50% of the variance in information use outcomes. We conclude that it is possible to identify behaviors and values that describe an organization's information culture, and that the sets of identified behaviors and values can account for significant proportions of the variance in information use outcomes.
Structure analysis and performance of a microbial community from a contaminated aquifer involved in the complete reductive dechlorination of 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane to ethene
Authors: Rossetti Simona , Aulenta Federico , Majone Mauro , Crocetti Gregory , Tandoi Valter 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAn anaerobic microcosm set up with aquifer material from a 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane (TeCA) contaminated site and amended with butyrate showed a complete TeCA dechlorination to ethene. A structure analysis of the microbial community was performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with already available and on purpose designed probes from sequences retrieved through 16S rDNA clone library construction. FISH was chosen as identification tool to evaluate in situ whether the retrieved sequences belong to primary bacteria responsible for the biodegradative reactions. FISH probes identified up to 80% of total bacteria and revealed the absence or the marginal presence of known TeCA degraders and the abundance of two well‐known H2‐utilizing halorespiring bacteria, Sulfurospirillum (32.4 ± 8.6% of total bacteria) and Dehalococcoides spp. (14.8 ± 2.8), thereby providing a strong indication of their involvement in the dechlorination processes. These results were supported by the kinetic and thermodynamic analysis which provided indications that hydrogen was the actual electron donor for TeCA dechlorination. The specific probes, developed in this study, for known dechlorinators (i.e., Geobacter, Dehalobacter, and Sulfurospirillum species) represent a valuable tool for any future in situ bioremediation study as well as a quick and specific investigation tool for tracking their distribution in the field. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 240–249. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enzymatic degradation of low soluble compounds in monophasic water:solvent reactors. Kinetics and modeling of anthracene degradation by MnP
Authors: Eibes G. , Moreira M.T. , Feijoo G. , Lema J.M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic compounds presenting low water solubility and high hydrophobicity, which greatly hampers their natural biodegradation. The enzymatic degradation of a model compound, anthracene, was evaluated in presence of a miscible solvent for an increased solubility. Manganese peroxidase, a ligninolytic enzyme from white‐rot fungi, was used as biocatalyst in a medium containing acetone. The kinetic parameters of the enzymatic degradation of anthracene, obtained from fed‐batch experiments, were applied to model the operation of a continuous reactor. Kinetics comprised a Michaelis–Menten equation, modified with an autocatalytic term, assumed to the effect of quinones acting as electron carriers, and a logistic function related to enzyme activity. The continuous reactor has been operated for 108 h, attaining a 90% of anthracene degradation, which demonstrated the feasibility of the system for its application in the removal of poorly soluble compounds. The model of this reactor permitted to predict accurately anthracene degradation in different conditions, such as external addition of anthraquinone and different enzymatic activities. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 619–626. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low field elliptical MR coil array designed by FDTD
Authors: Giovannetti Giulio , Hartwig Valentina , Viti Vittorio , Zadaricchio Paolo , Meini Lorenzo , Landini Luigi , Benassi Antonio 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPhased‐array in magnetic resonance systems have to be designed minimizing the mutual interaction among nearby coils and this is generally achieved by overlapping adjacent coils. In this paper we describe the use of a numerical solver based on finite‐difference time‐domain algorithm for determining the overlap distance between two coils that constitute a part of an array system. Using the simulator, we designed a novel array coil composed by two elements with elliptical geometry. The coil was designed for the application in a 0.18 T vertical field MR scanner. A prototype of the designed array was built and tested by laboratory workbench in order to validate the simulated data. Experiments were also done in real low field MR scanner to evaluate the coil performance, which is compared to a standard coil using phantom measurements. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 33B: 32–38, 2008
Planar self‐biased magnetic resonance microscopy “lenses”
Authors: Barbic Mladen , Barrett Christopher P. , Vltava Lvcian , Emery Teresa H. , Walker Chris , Scherer Axel 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe present novel planar permanent magnet designs that create points above the plane where the magnitude of the static magnetic field is a local nonzero magnetic field point minimum. The designs represent potential magnetic resonance microscopy “lenses” where only a point region of the sample located in the “focus” spot of the structures is resonant. The high magnetic field curvatures of the “lenses” ensure that the regions outside of the “focus” spot are inactive or filtered out in the resonance detection process. In contrast to the original magnetic resonance “lens” design that required an applied uniform external bias field, the new designs are self‐biased. Each planar permanent magnet design is accompanied by the equivalent planar single noncrossing conductor design. We also introduce the concept of Amperean current doubling in planar perpendicularly magnetized thin films that can be used to improve the performance of each permanent magnet design we present. We experimentally constructed macroscale representative permanent magnet and wire structures and measured their magnetic field properties that confirm our numerical predictions. Single conductor current‐carrying designs are suitable for single layer lithographic fabrication, as we also experimentally demonstrate. Finally, we present the case that nanometer scale recording of perpendicular anisotropy thin magnetic films using presently available data storage technology can potentially provide the ultimate miniaturization of the presented designs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 33B: 21–31, 2008
Telomere biology in giant cell tumour of bone
Authors: Forsyth RG , De Boeck G , Bekaert S , De Meyer T , Taminiau AHM , Uyttendaele D , Roels H , Praet MM , Hogendoorn PCW 
Published: February 2008

AbstractGiant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is a benign bone tumour known for the unpredictable clinical behaviour of recurrences and, in rare instances, distant metastases. It consists of uniformly distributed osteoclastic giant cells in a background of mononuclear rounded and spindle‐shaped cells. Cytogenetically, telomeric associations are the most common chromosomal aberrations, which, however, are normally almost exclusively found in high‐grade malignancies. GCTB has often been regarded as a polyclonal tumour, but more recently a recurrent specific aberration was reported, which suggests a possible role for disturbed telomere maintenance. Here we further investigate telomere maintenance in GCTB using 19 samples from 19 patients. A combination of immunofluorescence and FISH was performed, applying antibodies directed against promyelocytic leukaemia body‐related antigen and hTERT and using telomere peptide nucleic acid probes. The TRAP assay and telomere restriction fragment length analysis were performed for functional detection of telomerase activity and alternative telomere lengthening. Both osteoclastic giant cells and mononuclear cells showed positivity for hTERT and promyelocytic leukaemia body‐related antigen. In most mononuclear cells, co‐expression was present. The TRAP assay demonstrated heterogeneous telomerase activity, while telomere restriction fragment length analysis showed non‐heterogeneous telomere lengths, indicating the absence of alternative telomere lengthening. Confocal microscopy showed stereometric co‐localization of nucleolin with promyelocytic leukaemia body‐related antigen in association with telomeres in the spindle‐shaped cells. hTERT was more diffusely distributed throughout the nucleus. Our results show that GCTB demonstrates remarkable telomere maintenance of activated telomerase and inactivated alternative telomere lengthening in the presence of normal mean telomere restriction fragment lengths. These findings strongly suggest that these aggregates, while activating telomerase, are part of a structural telomere protective‐capping mechanism rather than of a telomere‐lengthening mechanism. Telomere maintenance could be considered an important key factor in the pathogenesis of GCTB. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The galectin family and digestive disease
Authors: Demetter P , Nagy N , Martin B , Mathieu A , Dumont P , Decaestecker C , Salmon I 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe soluble‐type lectins or galectins constitute a family of proteins defined by shared consensus amino acid sequence and affinity for beta‐galactose‐containing oligosaccharides. These molecules are widely distributed in the animal kingdom; to date, 15 mammalian galectins have been described but more are likely to be discovered. These proteins are involved in many biological processes including cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion, growth regulation, signaling, and cytokine secretion. Over the last decade, a vast amount of reports has shown the importance of several galectins in the development and progression of malignancies in the digestive tract, mainly colorectal cancers. More recent data indicate that some of these molecules are also involved in inflammatory bowel diseases. This review focuses on the current knowledge of galectin expression and putative functions in the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon. It also highlights that the rapid accumulation of research data promises future scenarios in which individual members of the galectin family and/or their ligands will be used as diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for neoplastic as well as inflammatory disorders. However, the concretization of these potential modalities requires substantial improvements in terms of standardization of galectin expression evaluation together with prospective validation of the present data. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occurrence and cellular localization of PrPd in kidneys of scrapie‐affected sheep in the absence of inflammation
Authors: Sisó S , Jeffrey M , Steele P , McGovern G , Martin S , Finlayson J , Chianini F , González L 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFollowing a preliminary description of disease‐associated prion protein (PrPd) deposition in the kidneys of scrapie‐affected sheep, detailed studies have been undertaken in order to evaluate the factors that could account for such PrPd accumulation and to determine the precise location of PrPd in the renal papillae. Immunohistochemical (IHC) examinations for PrPd were conducted in kidneys collected at post‐mortem from 30 naturally and 37 experimentally infected sheep. In addition, PrPd detection by western blot analysis (WB) and ultrastructural examination was carried out in a selection of kidneys. PrPd‐specific, multifocal IHC labelling with antibody R145 was achieved in the kidneys of 44% and 51% of the naturally and experimentally infected sheep, respectively. The specificity of these results was confirmed by further IHC and WB using several PrP antibodies raised to different amino acid sequences, and by examination of control tissues. PrPd was shown to accumulate in the interstitium of the renal papillae, in association with the cell membrane and lysosomes of fibroblast‐like cells, or extracellularly, in close contact with collagen and basal membranes. These deposits were unrelated to inflammatory changes in the kidney as shown by routine histology and by IHC for different immune cell markers. PrPd accumulated in the kidney of sheep that showed widespread PrPd deposition in the lymphoreticular system and had long incubation periods; these findings argue for a haematogenous origin of renal PrPd, although the precise site and mechanism–glomerular filtration and reabsorption at Henle's loop, or extravasation from vasa recta capillaries, or both–by which PrPd leaves the blood to accumulate in the interstitium of renal papillae remain to be determined. Either of these pathogenetic mechanisms could lead to environmental contamination via urine. Crown copyright © 2008. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.