bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biphasic Aqueous Organometallic Catalysis Promoted by Cyclodextrins: How to Design the Water‐Soluble Phenylphosphane to Avoid Interaction with Cyclodextrin
Authors: Ferreira Michel , Bricout Hervé , Sayede Adlane , Ponchel Anne , Fourmentin Sophie , Tilloy Sébastien , Monflier Eric 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe ability of cyclodextrin to interact with meta‐trisulfonated triphenylphosphane derivatives bearing one or two methyl (or methoxy) groups on the aromatic ring has been investigated by NMR and UV‐vis spectroscopy. In the case of native β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), the presence of one methyl or methoxy group in the ortho‐position on each aromatic ring is necessary to hamper the formation of an inclusion complex between the β‐CD and meta‐trisulfonated triphenylphosphane derivatives. In the case of methylated β‐CD, the formation of an inclusion complex is only observed when the meta‐trisulfonated triphenylphosphane contains a methyl group in the para‐position. The poor affinity of methylated β‐CD towards modified trisulfonated triphenylphosphanes was attributed to the steric hindrance generated by the methyl groups on the CD secondary face. The absence or presence of an interaction between phosphanes and methylated β‐CD was also confirmed by catalytic experiments. Thus, the phosphanes that do not interact with the methylated CD were the most efficient mass‐transfer promoters in an aqueous biphasic palladium‐catalyzed Tsuji–Trost reaction.
Mutations in TPM3 are a common cause of congenital fiber type disproportion
Authors: Clarke Nigel F. , Kolski Hanna , Dye Danielle E. , Lim Esther , Smith Robert L. L. , Patel Rakesh , Fahey Michael C. , Bellance Rémi , Romero Norma B. , Johnson Edward S. , Labarre‐Vila Annick , Monnier Nicole , Laing Nigel G. , North Kathryn N. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectiveCongenital fiber type disproportion (CFTD) is a rare form of congenital myopathy in which the principal histological abnormality is hypotrophy of type 1 (slow‐twitch) fibers compared with type 2 (fast‐twitch) fibers. To date, mutation of ACTA1 and SEPN1 has been associated with CFTD, but the genetic basis in most patients is unclear. The gene encoding α‐tropomyosinslow
(TPM3) is a rare cause of nemaline myopathy, previously reported in only five families. We investigated whether mutation of TPM3 is a cause of CFTD.Methods and ResultsWe sequenced TPM3 in 23 unrelated probands with CFTD or CFTD‐like presentations of unknown cause and identified novel heterozygous missense mutations in five CFTD families (p. Leu100Met, p.Arg168Cys, p.Arg168Gly, p.Lys169Glu, p.Arg245Gly). All affected family members that underwent biopsy had typical histological features of CFTD, with type 1 fibers, on average, at least 50% smaller than type 2 fibers. We also report a sixth family in which a recurrent TPM3 mutation (p.Arg168His) was associated with histological features of CFTD and nemaline myopathy in different family members. We describe the clinical features of 11 affected patients. Typically, there was proximal limb girdle weakness, prominent weakness of neck flexion and ankle dorsiflexion, mild facial weakness, and mild ptosis. The age of onset and severity varied, even within the same family. Many patients required nocturnal noninvasive ventilation despite remaining ambulant.InterpretationMutation of TPM3 is the most common cause of CFTD reported to date. Ann Neurol 2008
Frequency and course of mild cognitive impairment in a multiethnic community
Authors: Manly Jennifer J. , Tang Ming‐X. , Schupf Nicole , Stern Yaakov , Vonsattel Jean‐Paul G. , Mayeux Richard 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo examine incidence rates and antecedents of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) among diverse elders without dementia at the initial visit, and to examine the characteristics of elders with MCI who reverted to normal on follow‐up examination.MethodsA total of 2,364 Caribbean Hispanic, black, or non‐Hispanic white subjects, aged 65 or older, who were free of dementia at initial evaluation were followed up every 18 to 24 months. Incidence rate of MCI and AD was determined by examination of neurological, medical, psychiatric, and neuropsychological function.ResultsOver 10,517 person‐years, 21% of normal elderly subjects progressed to MCI (annual incidence rate, 5.1%; 95% confidence interval, 4.6–5.6%). Of those with MCI initially, 21.8% were subsequently diagnosed with AD (annual incidence rate, 5.4%; 95% confidence interval, 4.7–6.3%), 47% remained unchanged, and 31% reverted to normal. Those with MCI were 2.8 times more likely to experience development of AD than normal elderly subjects. MCI with impairment in memory and at least one other cognitive domain was associated with greatest risk for progression to AD and was also least likely to revert to normal at follow‐up. Consistent diagnosis of MCI or incident probable or possible AD was 60% sensitive and 94% specific for the pathological diagnosis of AD.InterpretationImpaired memory and language were useful predictors of transition to AD. Reversion to normal from MCI was frequent, but those with impairment in more than one cognitive domain were more likely to progress or remain impaired than those with single‐domain impairment. Clinical diagnosis of MCI does not always predict AD neuropathology. Ann Neurol 2008
Synthesis and properties of novel Y‐shaped nonlinear optical polymers containing imidazole‐based chromophores
Authors: Pan Yang , Tang Xiaozhen 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis article describes the synthesis and second‐order nonlinearity study of several new polyphosphazene polymers, which are composed of a new type of nonlinear optical chromophore attached to polyphosphazene. They were obtained via a post‐azo coupling reaction. The resulting materials were characterized with 1H‐NMR, 31P‐NMR, Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet–visible, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. Chromophore contents up to 14 mol % were realized. The polymers had good optical transparency, and poled films revealed resonant d33 values in the range of 18–37 pm/V by second harmonic generation measurements. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Simple route to get very hydrophobic surfaces of fibrous materials with core–shell latex particles
Authors: Nguyen David , Chambon Pierre , Rosselgong Julien , Cloutet Eric , Cramail Henri , Ravaine Serge 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe aim of this article is to report the creation of artificial, robust, and very hydrophobic materials with core–shell polyurethane–polydimethylsiloxane or polyurethane–poly(n‐butyl acrylate) polymer microparticles. These latexes were prepared by polyaddition in cyclohexane with commercial or synthetic steric stabilizers. An easy one‐step method based on the filtration of the colloidal particles was developed to obtain water‐repellent fibrous materials such as paper or textiles that maintain stable properties even after several washing/drying cycles. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Thermal stability and molecular interaction of polyurethane nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization with functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Jana R. N. , Cho Jae Whan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) nanocomposites were prepared through conventional and in situ methods with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) functionalized with poly(ϵ‐caprolactone). The thermal degradation and stability of PU–MWNT nanocomposites were investigated with nonisothermal thermogravimetry and were explained in terms of the interaction between MWNTs and PU molecules with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The difference in thermal stability between the conventional and in situ nanocomposites was also compared. The thermal degradation of all the nanocomposite samples took place in two stages and followed a first‐order reaction. The degradation temperature of the in situ nanocomposites was higher than that of the conventional nanocomposites with the same loading of MWNTs. The activation energy at 10% degradation and the half‐life period were also higher in the in situ nanocomposites compared to the conventional nanocomposites. Such higher thermal stability of the in situ nanocomposites was ascribed to covalent bond formation between MWNTs and PU chains, which could result in better dispersion of MWNTs in the PU matrix for the in situ nanocomposites than for the conventional nanocomposites. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Carbonylative Polymerization of Oxetanes Initiated by Acetyl Cobalt Complexes
Authors: Permana Yessi , Nakano Koji , Yamashita Makoto , Watanabe Daisuke , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFour acetyl cobalt complexes, [AcCo(CO)3P(p‐tolyl)3] (1; p‐tolyl=4‐Me‐C6H4), [AcCo(CO)3P(OPh)3] (2), [AcCo(CO)3P(NMe2)3] (3), and [AcCo(CO)2(dppp)] (4; dppp=1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)propane), were synthesized, characterized, and examined as catalysts for the unprecedented carbonylative polymerization of oxetanes. Copolymers containing ester (4‐hydroxyalkanoate) and/or ether units were obtained with complexes 1 and 2, but not with complexes 3 and 4 either in the presence or absence of additional phosphorus ligands. The ester unit/ether unit ratio varied in the range 21:79–63:37, and the highest ester/ether ratio of 63:37 was achieved by using complex 1 in the presence of a further 5 equivalents of P(OPh)3. Although direct carbonylative polymerization is possible, preformation and ring opening of the γ‐lactone is also suggested as an alternative pathway.
Population-based study of surgical factors in relation to health-related quality of life after oesophageal cancer resection
Authors: Rutegård M , Lagergren J , Rouvelas I , Lindblad M , Blazeby J M , Lagergren P 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
Oesophagectomy for cancer has a negative impact on health-related quality of life (HRQL), but factors influencing postoperative HRQL have been sparsely studied. This study explored how selected surgical factors affected HRQL 6 months after operation.

Methods
This population-based study was based on a Swedish network of physicians with almost complete nationwide coverage and data on oesophageal cancer surgery collected prospectively between 2001 and 2005. Patients completed validated HRQL questionnaires 6 months after operation. Mean scores with 95 per cent confidence intervals were calculated and clinically relevant differences between groups were analysed in a linear regression model, adjusted for potential confounders.

Results
Some 355 patients were included in the analysis (participation rate 79·6 per cent). Extensive surgery, as indicated by a transthoracic approach, more extensive lymphadenectomy, wider resection margins and a longer duration of operation, was not associated with worse HRQL measures than less extensive operations. Dysphagia was similar in patients who had handsewn and stapled anastomoses. Technical surgical complications had significant deleterious effects on several aspects of HRQL.

Conclusion
This study provides no evidence to suggest that less extensive surgery for oesophageal cancer should be recommended from the perspective of HRQL. It is essential, however, that attention be paid to minimizing technical surgical complications.
Outcome after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in Sweden 1994–2005
Authors: Wanhainen A , Bylund N , Björck M 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
The aim was to study the epidemiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair in Sweden.

Methods
Primary AAA repairs registered in the Swedish Vascular Registry between 1994 and 2005 were studied. Mortality data were obtained from the national population registry, and age- and sex-specific populations for each calendar year from Statistics Sweden.

Results
Some 10 691 primary AAA repairs were identified. In the population aged 60 years or over the incidence of intact AAA repair increased from 27·0 per 100 000 in 1994–1999 to 28·8 per 100 000 in 2000–2005 (P = 0·006), while the incidence of surgery for ruptured AAA (rAAA) remained stable (13·8 versus 14·1 per 100 000; P = 0·595). Open repair with a bifurcated graft decreased, whereas endovascular repair (EVAR) increased to 35·0 per cent of intact AAA and 10·3 per cent of rAAA procedures in 2005. Patients who had EVAR were older than those undergoing open repair (74·1 versus 71·9 years; P &lt; 0·001). The 30-day mortality rate decreased over time for intact and ruptured aneurysm operations (P = 0·001). Age, female sex and open repair (compared with EVAR) were independently associated with a higher 30-day mortality rate in a logistic regression model.

Conclusion
The introduction of EVAR was associated with an increasing incidence of intact AAA repair, whereas the rate of rAAA was stable. Perioperative mortality rates decreased over time.
Star‐Shaped Oligobenzoates: Non‐conventional Mesogens Forming Columnar Helical Mesophases
Authors: Lehmann Matthias , Jahr Michael , Donnio Bertrand , Graf Robert , Gemming Sibylle , Popov Igor 
Published: February 2008

AbstractStar‐shaped mesogens with a phloroglucinol or a trimesic acid core and oligobenzoate arms with up to five repeating units have been synthesised. These non‐conventional mesogens form various columnar mesophases over a broad temperature range. The liquid‐crystal phases were characterised by optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, dilatometry and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. In addition to the high‐temperature hexagonal columnar phases, the columnar self‐assemblies undulate upon cooling and consequently form higher‐ordered body‐centred orthorhombic columnar 3D structures. A model of E‐shaped folded conformers helically displaced along the columns is proposed. Helical preorganisation in the hexagonal phase precedes the transition to the low‐temperature phases. Space filling and nano‐segregation compete in the self‐organisation process, thus aliphatic chains and the polar oligobenzoate scaffold are not perfectly separated in these star‐shaped mesogens.
High‐dose melphalan‐based autotransplants for multiple myeloma
Authors: Pineda‐Roman Mauricio , Barlogie Bart , Anaissie Elias , Zangari Maurizio , Bolejack Vanessa , van Rhee Frits , Tricot Guido , Crowley John 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this report, the authors describe their collective experience with melphalan‐based autotransplants since the inception of their program at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences in 1989.METHODSThe authors evaluated the clinical outcomes of 3077 successive patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who underwent at least 1 melphalan‐based autotransplantation at the University of Arkansas. Of these, 1078 patients were enrolled on front‐line Total Therapy (TT) protocols (TT‐P) TT1, TT2, and TT3; 1104 patients were entered on protocols for newly diagnosed or previously treated patients (non‐TT‐P); and 895 patients were treated off protocol (non‐P).RESULTSThe 10‐year overall survival (OS) rates after first transplantation were 41%, 19%, and 11% (P< .001) for the TT‐P, non‐TT‐P, and non‐P groups, respectively. In the TT‐P group, the median OS was 72 months on TT1, was not reached at ≥7 years on TT2, and was 88% at 2 years on TT3. Among 2683 patients with complete baseline data, absence of hypodiploidy/chromosome 13 deletion, β‐2‐microglobulin <3.0 mg/L, C‐reactive protein <6 mg/L, albumin ≥3.0 g/dL, and platelet count ≥100,000/μL all were associated independently with superior OS (P< .001), event‐free survival (P< .001), and duration of complete remission (P< .001).CONCLUSIONSThe results from this large, single‐institution experience demonstrated that >10‐year OS was accomplished in >40% of all patients enrolled on TT‐P, whereas such success was observed in only 15% of the remaining patients (including 25% in the presence of all 5 good‐risk features). Superior outcomes with protocol‐based, primary transplant regimens such as TT‐P draw attention to the importance of applying the best available therapies upfront. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized study of chlorhexidine prophylaxis for 5‐fluorouracil‐based chemotherapy‐induced oral mucositis with nonblinded randomized comparison to oral cooling (cryotherapy) in gastrointestinal malignancies
Authors: Sorensen Jens Benn , Skovsgaard Torben , Bork Ellen , Damstrup Lars , Ingeberg Sten 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purpose was to evaluate prevention of oral mucositis (OM) using chlorhexidine compared with placebo and with oral cooling (cryotherapy) during fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐based chemotherapy in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.METHODSPatients with previously untreated GI cancer receiving bolus 5‐FU/leucovorin chemotherapy were randomized to chlorhexidine mouthrinse 3 times a day for 3 weeks (Arm A), double‐blind placebo (normal saline) with the same dose and frequency (Arm B), or cryotherapy with crushed ice 45 minutes during chemotherapy (Arm C). Patients self‐reported on severity (CTC‐grading) and duration of OM.RESULTSAmong 225 patients randomized, 206 answered the questionnaire (70, 64, and 63 patients in Arms A, B, and C, respectively) and were well balanced with respect to diagnoses, stage, age, sex, smoking habits, and performance status. Mucositis grade 3–4 occurred more frequently in Arm B (33%) than in A (13%, P < .01) and C (11%, P < .005). Duration was significantly longer in B than in both A (P = .035) and C (P = .003).CONCLUSIONSThe frequency and duration of OM are significantly improved by prophylactic chlorhexidine and by cryotherapy. The latter is easy and inexpensive but has limited use, as it is drug‐ and schedule‐dependent. The current study is the first double‐blind randomized evaluation of prophylactic chlorhexidine in a large adult patient population with solid tumors receiving highly OM‐inducing chemotherapy. A role for chlorhexidine in the prevention of OM is suggested, which should be evaluated further. Cancer 2008. ©2008 American Cancer Society.
Local environmental influences on uveal melanoma
Authors: Canovas David , Rennie Ian G. , Nichols Carmel E. , Sisley Karen 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDUveal melanomas of the choroid and ciliary body are aggressive tumors causing the death of approximately 50% of patients. In contrast, iris melanomas only infrequently metastasize; why these differences exist is not known. The local environment can regulate cancer growth and development, and it is probable the aqueous and vitreous humors have an important role in regulating uveal melanoma behavior.METHODSTo explore this possibility cultures of uveal melanoma were exposed to aqueous and vitreous and the effects investigated using invasion and proliferation assays. ChemiArrays (Chemicon International, Temecula, Calif) were performed to determine which regulatory factors might influence the process.RESULTSThe vitreous universally promoted uveal melanoma invasion, whereas the aqueous mainly had no effect or was inhibitory. Tumor location, and the baseline invasion of the melanoma, affected the ability of aqueous and vitreous from different patients to regulate invasive behavior. Proliferation was not significantly altered as a result of exposure to the aqueous or vitreous. The ability of the humors to regulate uveal melanomas may involve TIMP‐2, TIMP‐3, and TGF‐β2, as high expression was found by ChemiArray analysis and there were differences in the levels of the regulators in the aqueous compared with the vitreous.CONCLUSIONSThe findings suggest that in situ uveal melanoma development reflects an interaction between the tumor and the environment of the eye. Exposure to the aqueous would therefore contribute to the benign nature of iris melanomas, whereas potential interaction with the vitreous appears to promote the aggressive behavior of posterior uveal melanomas. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Phase 2 trial of docetaxel and gefitinib in the first‐line treatment of patients with advanced nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are 70 years of age or older
Authors: Simon George R. , Extermann Martine , Chiappori Alberto , Williams Charles C. , Begum Mubeena , Kapoor Rachna , Haura Eric B. , Ismail‐Khan Roohi , Schell Michael J. , Antonia Scott J. , Bepler Gerold 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis is a phase 2 study of chemotherapy‐naive patients, 70 years of age or older, with nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were treated with docetaxel and gefitinib. The primary endpoint was response rate (RR). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS).METHODSEligible patients were treated with docetaxel 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks and gefitinib 250 mg orally, daily. Docetaxel and gefitinib were given for 2 cycles beyond maximal response. Gefitinib was continued until disease progression. Comorbidities and activities of daily living were assessed (IADL).RESULTSForty‐four patients initiated therapy between March 2003 and May 2005. Seventeen patients (40%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 26%–57%) had a partial response and 48% had stable disease. The median PFS was 6.9 months (95% CI, 3.95–7.8 months). Median survival time was 9.6 months (95% CI, 4.6–16.3 months). On univariate analyses, sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS), and Charlson comorbidities index (CCI) score were predictors of improved survival. On multivariate analyses female sex was a statistically significant predictor of survival. The median survivals were 22.8 months in women and 4.8 months in men. This regimen was well tolerated, with the most common adverse events being hyperglycemia, fatigue, and lymphopenia.CONCLUSIONSDocetaxel combined with gefitinib is active and well tolerated in patients with advanced NSCLC who are 70 years of age and older. This paradigm of treatment merits further investigation as a first‐line treatment strategy. Female sex‐specific confirmatory clinical trials with this regimen may be warranted. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Lack of reliability of CA125 response criteria with anti‐VEGF molecularly targeted therapy
Authors: Azad Nilofer S. , Annunziata Christina M. , Steinberg Seth M. , Minasian Lori , Premkumar Ahalya , Chow Catherine , Kotz Herbert L. , Kohn Elise C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDCA125 is an accepted indicator of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) response and is used to monitor patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy. It is uncertain how CA125 is affected by molecularly targeted drugs. In this pilot study, the authors analyzed the utility of CA125 to predict disease behavior in patients who were receiving sorafenib, a Raf‐kinase/VEGFR2 inhibitor, and bevacizumab, an anti‐VEGF monoclonal antibody.METHODSFifteen of 42 patients had recurrent EOC. Patients received sorafenib 200 mg orally twice daily or D1‐5 of 7 and bevacizumab 5 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks for 28‐day cycles. Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed every 2 cycles for restaging, and CA125 was measured monthly. CA125 concentrations were retrospectively analyzed as a function of clinical behavior.RESULTSFourteen of 15 patients had abnormal CA125 concentrations at study entry (median 1056 U/mL; range, 67 U/mL to 9813 U/mL). Seven (47%) patients had partial response by imaging criteria. Five of these 7 patients had partial response by CA125 criteria (71% sensitivity). Eight (53%) patients would have had partial responses if CA125 criteria were used; only 5 were confirmed by CT (63 % specificity). Imaging and CA125 criteria combined yielded a higher total response rate of 10 of 15 (67%). Three patients with objective partial response by imaging lasting >20, >22, and >24 cycles would have terminated treatment prematurely if CA125 had been used.CONCLUSIONSCA125 changes may not correspond to imaging response criteria for EOC patients who are receiving sorafenib and bevacizumab. Caution is recommended when using CA125 as a response criterion of molecularly targeted agents until prospective studies validate CA125 changes with objective imaging response results. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.