bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary restriction reveals sex-specific expression of the mTOR pathway genes in Japanese quails
Authors: Reda Gebrehaweria K. , Ndunguru Sawadi F. , Csernus Brigitta , Knop Renáta , Lugata James K. , Szabó Csaba , Czeglédi Levente , Lendvai Ádám Z. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLimited resources affect an organism’s physiology through the conserved metabolic pathway, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Males and females often react differently to nutritional limitation, but whether it leads to differential mTOR pathway expression remains unknown. Recently, we found that dietary restriction (DR) induced significant changes in the expression of mTOR pathway genes in female Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica). We simultaneously exposed 32 male and female Japanese quails to either 20%, 30%, 40% restriction orad libitumfeeding for 14 days and determined the expression of six key genes of the mTOR pathway in the liver to investigate sex differences in the expression patterns. We found that DR significantly reduced body mass, albeit the effect was milder in males compared to females. We observed sex-specific liver gene expression. DR downregulatedmTORexpression more in females than in males. Under moderate DR,ATG9AandRPS6K1were increased more in males than in females. Like females, body mass in males was correlated positively withmTORandIGF1,but negatively withATG9AandRS6K1. Our findings highlight that sexes may cope with nutritional deficits differently and emphasise the importance of considering sexual differences in studies of dietary restriction.
Analysis of
Tcc
and
Tbb
based on the hadronic molecular model and their spin multiplets
Authors: Sakai Manato , Yamaguchi Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2024

Tcc(ccu¯d¯)+ has been reported by the LHCb experiment in 2022. The analysis using the Breit-Wigner parametrization found the small binding energy, 0.273 MeV, which is measured from the threshold of D*+D0. In this paper, we consider Tcc as a DD* hadronic molecule as a deuteronlike state. The one-boson exchange model is employed as for the heavy meson interactions, where we determine the cutoff parameter Λ to reproduce the reported binding energy of Tcc with I(JP)=0(1+). We discuss the properties of the bound state and also search for Tcc with quantum numbers other than 0(1+). Furthermore, we analyze Tbb as a bottom counterpart of Tcc, which involves two bottom quarks, and obtain several bound states. Finally, we consider the light-cloud basis for wave functions of the doubly heavy tetraquarks in the heavy quark limit. Using the basis, we find the spin multiplets of their bound states, indicating the spin structures of diquarks in Tcc and Tbb with the finite quark masses.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Generalized skyrmion crystals with applications to neutron stars
Authors: Leask Paul , Huidobro Miguel , Wereszczynski Andrzej 
Published: March 2024

In this article we study properties of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter in the generalized L0246-Skyrme model. This is achieved by canonically quantizing the isospin collective degrees of freedom of the recently found skyrmion multiwall crystal. We obtain, for the first time, an equation of state from the Skyrme model which interpolates between infinite isospin asymmetric nuclear matter and finite isospin symmetric atomic nuclei. This enables us to describe neutron stars with crusts within the Skyrme framework. Furthermore, we observe that the symmetry energy tends to a constant value at zero density, which can be identified with the asymmetry coefficient in the semiempirical mass formula for atomic nuclei. The symmetry energy also reveals a cusp in its structure below the nuclear saturation point n0 at n*∼3n0/4. This cusp density point n* can be interpreted as the nuclear density whereby the infinite crystalline multiwall configuration undergoes a phase transition to a finite isolated multiwall configuration. Both of these observations are observed to be generic features of skyrmion crystals that tend asymptotically to somewhat isolated skyrmion configurations in the zero density limit. We find that the resulting neutron stars from our study agree quite well with recent NICER/LIGO observational data.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Density and confinement effects on fluid velocity slip
Authors: Corral-Casas Carlos , Chen Yichong , Borg Matthew K. , Gibelli Livio 
Published: March 2024

Understanding the velocity slip of fluids in channels of molecular length scales is essential for accurately manipulating their flow in engineering applications, such as in water desalination or, by reversing the process, osmotic power generation. This study addresses two major open questions, namely (a) the range of validity of the Navier-Stokes equations with slip boundary conditions in describing fluid flows within channels of molecular confinement, and (b) the effect of fluid density and confinement as well as surface properties, such as microscopic roughness and curvature, on fluid slippage along walls. Using a hard-sphere fluid model and describing the fluid-wall interactions by the Maxwell scattering kernel, an event-driven molecular dynamics simulation study was performed in planar and cylindrical channels of different sizes and accommodation coefficients with varying fluid densities. The results show that the well-known criterion for the slip solution, which is valid in rarefied conditions, also holds for a dense gas, i.e., the predictive accuracy improves with decreasing Knudsen numbers, as long as the channel size is larger than about ten molecular diameters. We also find that the key quantity influencing the friction coefficient of a fluid is the peak density at the walls, rather than the nominal density, the fluid confinement, or the channel curvature, as found in previous studies. In particular, higher nominal densities lead to higher density peaks, and therefore a decrease in slip, while tighter confinements lead to lower density peaks, and therefore an increase in slip, regardless of channel geometry. Furthermore, the velocity slip depends on the microscopic roughness via the Smoluchowski factor. These findings are a stepping stone towards a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying fluid velocity slip in molecular-scale channels.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Turbulence model augmented physics-informed neural networks for mean-flow reconstruction
Authors: Patel Yusuf , Mons Vincent , Marquet Olivier , Rigas Georgios 
Published: March 2024

Experimental measurements and numerical simulations of turbulent flows are characterized by a tradeoff between accuracy and resolution. In this study, we combine accurate sparse pointwise mean velocity measurements with the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations using data assimilation methods. Importantly, we bridge the gap between data assimilation (DA) using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and variational methods based on classical spatial discretization of the flow equations, by comparing both approaches on the same turbulent flow case. First, by constraining the PINN with sparse data and the underdetermined RANS equations without closure, we show that the mean flow is reconstructed to a higher accuracy than a RANS solver using the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model. Second, we propose the SA turbulence model augmented PINN (PINN-DA-SA), which outperforms the former approach by up to 73% reduction in mean velocity reconstruction error with coarse measurements. The additional SA physics constraints improve flow reconstructions in regions with high velocity and pressure gradients and separation. Third, we compare the PINN-DA-SA approach to a variational data assimilation using the same sparse velocity measurements and physics constraints. The PINN-DA-SA achieves lower reconstruction error across a range of data resolutions. This is attributed to discretization errors in the variational methodology that are avoided by PINNs. We demonstrate the method using high-fidelity measurements from direct numerical simulation of the turbulent periodic hill at Re=5600.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Do corporate social responsibility drive sustainable purchase intention? An empirical study in emerging economy
Authors: Le Thanh Tiep , Le Thi Cam Tien , Nguyen Thi Nhan , Le Ngoc Phuong Vi 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThe purpose of the research is to investigate whether corporate social responsibility awareness (pCSR), environmental concerns (EC) and consumer environmental knowledge (CK) will have an impact on sustainable purchase intention (SPI). Furthermore, this paper also contributes to surveying the mediating impact of consumer attitudes (CAs) between intention and the three factors mentioned above.Design/methodology/approachSmartPLS (version 4.0) structural equation modeling (SEM) and quantitative methods were used to analyze 457 responses from consumers. The survey sample consisted of individuals between the ages of 18 and 34, with a male-to-female ratio of 70 to 30. The study aims to examine and put into practice new directions for manufacturing firms in the fields of fashion, food and consumer products. At the same time, provide more convincing evidence about the use of these fields in the research.FindingsThe study showed a favorable link between pCSR, EC, CK and SPI through the proposed hypotheses. The research additionally showed that CAs mediate between the aforementioned variables.Originality/valueThe important and distinctive results of this study encourage both consumers and enterprises to make changes in their perceptions of society. Consumers should gradually change their daily lifestyle by consuming more sustainable products. As a result, this outcome will provide the impetus for manufacturing businesses to alter their operational procedures in order to support the shift from the production of products to more friendly processes, with the help of all levels of management within the business.
The more we post, the better? A comparative analysis of fan engagement on social media profiles of football leagues
Authors: Romero-Jara Edgar , Solanellas Francesc , López-Carril Samuel , Kolyperas Dimitrios , Anagnostopoulos Christos 
Published: March 2024

PurposeIn a dynamic, continuously evolving sports landscape, social media have become an indispensable tool for sports organizations to cultivate meaningful connections with fans. The rapid pace of technological advancements has elevated these digital platforms from a supplementary role to a pivotal position within strategic management frameworks. The existing literature explores how football clubs can utilize social media, but analyzing social media strategies within the context of football leagues is lacking. The absence of comparative studies benchmarking clubs across different geographical regions while simultaneously analyzing multiple social media platforms is especially noteworthy. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of social media engagement is undertaken within esteemed football leagues spanning Europe, South America and North America.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on relationship marketing and employing content analysis as a methodological tool, the study examined 10,772 posts from the official accounts of eight football leagues on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.FindingsAcross the leagues, the findings reveal that content quality drives engagement more than frequency. In addition, several format combinations were identified that facilitate engagement and Instagram emerged as the top social media platform for generating fan engagement.Originality/valueThis is one of the first empirical studies focusing on optimizing the use of social media to amplify fan engagement across various geographies and social media accounts and formats simultaneously.
Declining demand in the antiques market: insights from an online community
Authors: Tohidinia Zahra 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to study antiques enthusiasts’ perspectives on the recent stagnancy in the antiques market, along with their suggestions on how the antiques trade can forge a more secure path forward.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a qualitative analysis approach through netnography, this paper examines archived comments of antiques enthusiasts on a “r/antiques” subreddit.

Findings
This research studies connoisseurs’ insights into the reduction in antiques sales experienced by a wide cross-section of sellers, particularly independent and small business retailers. Specifically, the results of this paper’s discourse analysis show that technological advances on one hand and socioeconomic factors (e.g. income, family structure and lifestyle) on the other hand have had a significant negative impact on demand for antiques. In addition, specific attributes such as authenticity and sustainability emerged as potential key marketing elements for invigorating the broader public’s interest in purchasing antiques.

Originality/value
Despite their significant insights into the antiques market, antiques enthusiasts have not received the academic attention they deserve. Through discourse analysis of comments in an online antiques community, this paper draws attention to the vulnerabilities of antiques markets to a protracted climate of slow sales, while highlighting potential strategies on how to turn the tide for struggling antiques stores.
Leader-member exchange and discretionary work behaviors: the mediating role of perceived psychological safety
Authors: Dar Nasib , Kundi Yasir Mansoor , Umrani Waheed Ali 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThis study examines the relationship between leader–member exchange (LMX) and employee discretionary work behaviors in terms of job crafting, innovative work behavior and knowledge-sharing behavior by focusing on the mediating role of psychological safety.Design/methodology/approachMulti-source and multi-wave data were collected from 284 employees in the banking sector of Pakistan.FindingsThe findings reveal a positive relationship between LMX and psychological safety. Psychological safety, in turn, is positively related to discretionary work behaviors (i.e. job crafting, innovative work behavior and knowledge-sharing behavior). Moreover, psychological safety fully mediates the relationship between LMX and discretionary work behaviors.Originality/valueDrawing upon the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study introduces psychological safety as a mediating mechanism in the relationship between LMX and three important discretionary work behaviors.
Opportunistic silence: ignited by psychological contract breach, instigated by hostile attribution bias
Authors: Jahanzeb Sadia , Bouckenooghe Dave , Fatima Tasneem , Akram Madiha 
Published: March 2024

PurposeDrawing on social exchange literature, this study explores the mediating role of affective commitment between employees' assessments of contract breaches and opportunistic silence, along with the invigorating effect of hostile attribution bias.Design/methodology/approachWe tested the hypotheses using multi-wave data collected from employees working in higher education institutions in Pakistan.FindingsPerceived contract breaches elicit intentional, selfish and retaliatory motives of silence, largely because employees lack emotional attachments to their organization. This mechanism is more prominent among employees who tend to blame others and perceive them as antagonistic even when they are not.Practical implicationsFor human resource managers, this investigation highlights a crucial feature – affective commitment – by which employees' perceptions of psychological contract breaches facilitate opportunistic silence. Our results suggest that this process is more likely to intensify when employees have distorted thinking, motivating them to attribute the worst motives to their employer's actions.Social implicationsPerceived contract breaches within universities can have far-reaching societal consequences, affecting trust, reputation, economic stability, and the overall quality and accessibility of education and research. Addressing and preventing such breaches is essential to maintaining the positive societal role of universities.Originality/valueThis study provides novel insights into the process that underlies the connection between perceived contract breach and opportunistic silence by revealing the hitherto overlooked role of employees' hostile attribution bias, which renders them more susceptible to experiencing unfavorable forms of social exchange.
Rapid and chemically diverse C transfer from trees to mycorrhizal fruit bodies in the forest
Authors: Rapaport Alon , Livne‐Luzon Stav , Fox Hagar , Oppenheimer‐Shaanan Yaara , Klein Tamir 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are common belowground tree symbionts, supplying trees with water and nutrients. In return, large amounts of C assimilated by trees can be allocated into EMF. However, the chemical forms in which the C is transferred from trees to fungi under field conditions are mostly unknown.

In this study, we aimed to unravel the fate of tree‐derived C in EMF. We conducted 13CO2 pulse labelling of Pinus halepensis trees in two forest sites with adjacent EMF sporocarps, combined with a non‐targeted metabolomics profiling of root and sporocarp tissues. 13C was measured in sporocarps of Tricholoma terreum and Suillus collinitus up to 3 m from pine stems.

C was assimilated in the labelled trees' needles and transferred to their roots. Starting from Day 2 after labelling, the C was transferred to adjacent sporocarps, peaking on Day 5. We identified more than 100 different labelled metabolites of different chemical groups present in roots and sporocarps. Of them, 17 were common to pine roots and both EMF species, and additional eight common to roots and one of the two EMF. The major labelled metabolites in the root tips were amino acids and tricarboxylic acid intermediates. The major labelled metabolites in sporocarps were amino acids, nucleotides, and fatty acids. We also identified labelled carbohydrates in all tissues. Labelling patterns diverged across different tissues, which can hint at how the C was transferred.

Considering the young tree as a sole C source for these sporocarps, and with a diurnal assimilation of 5.4 g C, the total monthly C source is ~165 g C. On average, there were 10 sporocarps around each tree, each requiring ~1 g C. Therefore, a 10 g C investment would make 6% of total tree C allocation, and about 12% of net primary productivity. Overall, we found that this significant and ubiquitous transfer of metabolites from tree roots to EMF sporocarps is more rapid and chemically diverse than once thought.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
The State We're In
Authors: Smith David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUK in a Changing Europe (UKICE) is a comparative newcomer among think tanks and it has produced a wide‐ranging report on the state of the UK economy. It asks whether the UK economy is caught in a ‘doom loop’ where performance is bad, but policy options are constrained by the fiscal position. Unlike some SWOT analyses it looks as strengths as well as weaknesses, but these may favour the more prosperous parts of the UK. The ideas presented could help prevent the UK falling into the doom loop, but politicians tend to favour solutions which have a short‐term payback. We need long‐term thinking.
Postoperative pain at Landspitali: A prospective study
Authors: Tomasson Andri M. , Jakobsdóttir Hilma , Gudnason Haraldur M. , Karason Sigurbergur , Sigurdsson Martin I. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundModerate or severe postoperative pain is common despite advances in surgical technique and perioperative analgesia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of postoperative pain following procedures requiring anaesthesia and identify factors associated with increased risk of postoperative pain.MethodsSurgical patients ≥18 years of age were prospectively questioned on level of current pain on a numerical rating scale (NRS) from 0 to 10 in the post‐anaesthesia care unit (PACU) and on resting, active and worst pain experienced in the first 24 h postoperatively. Clinical data was obtained from medical records. Descriptive statistics were applied, and predictors of worst pain assessed as moderate/severe (NRS 5) on postoperative day one were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsOf 438 included participants, moderate/severe pain occurred in 29% on the day of surgery and 70% described their worst pain as moderate/severe on postoperative day one. Procedures with the highest incidence of moderate/severe pain on the day of surgery were gynaecology‐, plastic‐, abdominal‐, breast‐, and orthopaedic procedures. On postoperative day one, patients undergoing vascular‐, orthopaedic‐, and abdominal operations most commonly rated their worst pain as moderate/severe. Female sex (OR = 2.15, 95% Cl 1.21–3.88, p = .010), chronic preoperative pain (OR = 4.20, 95% Cl 2.41–7.51, p < .001), undergoing a major procedure (OR = 2.07, 95% Cl 1.15–3.80, p = .017), and any intraoperative remifentanil administration (OR = 2.16, 95% Cl 1.20–3.94, p = .01) had increased odds of rating the worst pain as moderate/severe. Increased age (OR = 0.66 per 10 years (95% Cl 0.55–0.78, p < .001)) and undergoing breast‐, gynaecology‐, otolaryngology‐, and neurosurgery (OR = 0.15–0.34, p < .038) was associated with lower odds of moderate/severe pain on postoperative day one.DiscussionIn our cohort, patients rated their current pain in the PACU similarly to other studies. However, the ratio of patients rating the worst pain experienced as moderate/severe on postoperative day one was relatively high. The identified patient‐ and procedural‐related factors associated with higher odds of postoperative pain highlight a subgroup of patients who may benefit from enhanced perioperative monitoring and pain management strategies.
Polr3b heterozygosity in mice induces both beneficial and deleterious effects on health during ageing with no effect on lifespan
Authors: Borland Gillian , Wilkie Stephen E. , Thomson Jackie , Wang Zhe , Tullet Jennifer M. A. , Alic Nazif , Selman Colin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe genetic pathways that modulate ageing in multicellular organisms are typically highly conserved across wide evolutionary distances. Recently RNA polymerase III (Pol III) was shown to promote ageing in yeast, C. elegans and D. melanogaster. In this study we investigated the role of Pol III in mammalian ageing using C57BL/6N mice heterozygous for Pol III (Polr3b+/−). We identified sexually dimorphic, organ‐specific beneficial as well as detrimental effects of the Polr3b+/− mutation on health. Female Polr3b+/− mice displayed improved bone health during ageing, but their ability to maintain an effective gut barrier function was compromised and they were susceptible to idiopathic dermatitis (ID). In contrast, male Polr3b+/− mice were lighter than wild‐type (WT) males and had a significantly improved gut barrier function in old age. Several metabolic parameters were affected by both age and sex, but no genotype differences were detected. Neither male nor female Polr3b+/− mice were long‐lived compared to WT controls. Overall, we find no evidence that a reduced Pol III activity extends mouse lifespan but we do find some potential organ‐ and sex‐specific benefits for old‐age health.