bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodological Advances and Theoretical Gaps in Tracking Non‐Urban Tourism Mobility
Authors: Romão João , Sano Kaede 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis perspective article aims at identifying topics for further research based on techniques for tracking the mobility of tourists in areas with low population density, characterized by scarcity of public transport often coexisting with sensitive natural ecosystems. Supported by a systematic scoping review, it identifies studies undertaken in four continents, even though all the articles were published during the last two decades. Marketing approaches and planning for sustainability are the main objectives identified. The works contribute for developing techniques and methodologies for data collection and analysis but the contribution for the emergence of new concepts or theories is limited. The results of this survey suggest that a shift from the focus on individual forms of mobility of tourists to a closer connection to collective forms of transport, mobility of resident populations or emergent concepts in transport studies may contribute for more innovative conceptual or theoretical approaches.
Do Disinfectants Induce Ototoxicity and Cause Structural Damage to the Inner Ear?
Authors: Wang Xi , Xing Zhongcheng , Jiang Wen , Li Yuan , Li Wei , Wang Caiji , Zhao Zeqi , Konduru Naveena , Li Kang , Li Xuanyi , Qiao Yuehua , Liu Wen 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThis study examines the impact of commonly used disinfectants on hearing and the structural integrity of the inner ear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of indophor, alcohol, and chlorhexidine on auditory function and cochlear morphology in mice.MethodsSixty‐four mice were evenly divided into four groups: saline, indophor, alcohol, and chlorhexidine. Each mouse received a 25 μL injection of the designated liquid into the left ear, while the right ear was remained untreated. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing was performed at three intervals: before injection, 24 h post‐injection, and one week post‐injection. Cochlear tissues from both ears were analyzed using immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy to observe morphological changes.ResultsChlorhexidine and alcohol significantly increased ABR thresholds in the left ear 24 h and one week post‐injection (p < 0.001). Chlorhexidine caused severe damage to outer hair cells, inner hair cells, and spiral ganglion cells, while alcohol had a milder effect. Iodophor mainly affected outer hair cells, with partial recovery after seven days. In the right ear, only chlorhexidine caused a sustained ABR threshold increase (p < 0.001) and severe damage to outer and inner hair cells. Both alcohol and chlorhexidine induced demyelination of spiral ganglion cells in the left ear, but recovery was seen only in the alcohol group after one week.ConclusionIndophor, alcohol, and chlorhexidine can all affect hearing, with alcohol and chlorhexidine causing more severe and lasting damage. These findings provide crucial insights for selecting disinfectants in ear surgeries.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 2025
The Impact of Print‐on‐Demand on Spanish University Presses
Authors: Magadán‐Díaz Marta , Rivas‐García Jesús I. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe university book plays a crucial role in disseminating research and teaching, but its usage has declined due to a preference for journal articles and digital materials. This article examines how Spanish university presses are employing Print‐on‐Demand (POD) to adapt to changes in the publishing market, enhancing flexibility, reducing costs and optimising the production of monographs and academic books. POD enables publishers to print copies based on actual demand, minimising the risk of overproduction and storage costs. This model has transformed the publishing supply chain, offering efficient solutions for managing the lifecycle of books, from their launch to potential delisting. University presses are also using innovations in digital printing to respond swiftly to fluctuations in the academic market. This study adopts a qualitative approach to examine how POD affects scholarly publishers' efficiency, longevity and production strategies, proposing that this technology is crucial for the future sustainability and competitiveness of the sector. The flexibility of POD is vital in environments where demand is unpredictable, and scholarly publishers must manage financial resources carefully.
Unlocking High‐Speed and Energy‐Efficiency: Integrated Convolution Processing on Thin‐Film Lithium Niobate
Authors: Zhang Xun , Sun Zekun , Zhang Yong , Shen Jian , Chen Yuqi , Sun Min , Shu Chang , Zeng Cheng , Jiang Yongheng , Tian Yonghui , Xia Jinsong , Su Yikai 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOptical neural networks (ONNs) have emerged as high‐performance neural network accelerators, owing to its broad bandwidth and low power consumption. However, most current ONN architectures still struggle to fully leverage their advantages in processing speed and energy efficiency. Here, we demonstrate a large‐scale, ultra‐high‐speed, and low‐power ONN distributed parallel computing architecture, implemented on a thin‐film lithium niobate platform. It can encode image information at a modulation rate of 128 Gbaud and perform 16 parallel 2 × 2 convolution kernel operations, achieving 8.190 trillion multiply‐accumulate operations per second (TMACs/s) with a power efficiency of 4.55 tera operations per second per watt (Tops/W). This work conducts proof‐of‐concept experiments for image edge detection and three different ten‐class dataset recognitions, showing performance comparable to digital computers. Thanks to its excellent scalability, high speed, and low power consumption, the integrated distributed parallel optical computing architecture shows great potential to perform much more sophisticated tasks for demanding applications, such as autonomous driving and video action recognition.
Safety and Effectiveness of a Thermo‐Mechanical Fractional System at Low Settings for the Treatment of Photodamage
Authors: Bernstein Eric F. , Wang Maggie , Wang Jennifer , Lee Pannell J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a thermo‐mechanical fractional device for the treatment of photodamaged skin.Methods and MaterialsTwenty‐five subjects received three thermo‐mechanical fractional device treatments at monthly intervals. Low treatment settings of a 5 ms pulse duration and 100 μm tip protrusion were administered in 1–2 passes. Digital images were evaluated for improvement on the Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Classification Score 3 months after the final treatment. Secondary efficacy endpoints included ratings on a Global Aesthetic Improvement Score and Subject SatIsfaction Questionnaire.ResultsForty‐eight percent of subjects demonstrated a ≥ 1 score improvement in the Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Classification Score, and 96% of subjects demonstrated a good to excellent Global Aesthetic Improvement Score. Sixty‐eight percent of subjects were “satisfied” to “very satisfied” with treatment results.ConclusionsThe thermo‐mechanical fractional device at low settings is safe and effective for improving signs of photodamage with minimal patient discomfort.
In vitro Bone Tissue Engineering Strategies: The Relevance of Cells and Culturing Methods in Bone Formation and Remodeling
Authors: Bastos Ana Raquel , Maia Fátima Raquel , Oliveira Joaquim Miguel , Reis Rui Luís , Correlo Vítor Manuel 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe most recent advances in bone tissue engineering (BTE) approaches step forward in the field of three‐dimensional (3D) tissue models, enabling the development of more realistic tools to study bone disorders, such as osteoporosis. BTE field aims to mimic native bone tissue more truthfully, providing an appropriate environment for tissue regeneration and repair through the combination of 3D porous scaffolds, specific growth factors, and cells. Currently, the scientific community is focused on developing and improving new biomaterials that in combination with growth factors and specific cell types, that can accurately emulate the native bone microenvironment. However, most of the reported studies in the BTE field are focused on bone formation, disregarding the entire bone remodeling steps, which also involve bone resorption. In this review, the currently available mono and co‐culturing methods, types of biomaterials used in several strategies that combine scaffolds and relevant cells (e.g., osteoblasts (OBs), osteoclasts (OCs), and osteocytes (OCys)), envisioning a healthy bone formation and remodeling process, the gold‐standard drug delivery systems, and bioengineered‐based systems to tackle bone diseases are described.
Flame Retardancy Enhancement of Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Using Sepiolite Ionogels
Authors: Qi Qin , Fang Kai , Cheng Kai , Liu Qingting , Fu Xudong , Zhang Rong , Hu Shengfei , Yang Jun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWhen using traditional flame retardants, rubber faces the trade‐off between improving the flame retardancy and maintaining mechanical properties. Herein, a novel flame retardant of sepiolite‐based ionogels (IL@ASep) with both flame retardancy and reinforcement functions is developed. This work explores the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of composites made from compound rubber filled with sepiolite (Sep) using different modification methods. The results indicate that the addition of IL@ASep helps to simultaneously improve the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of compound. The materials with IL@ASep have a limiting oxygen index of 30.7% and a modulus at 100% of 4.95 MPa, whereas the samples without fillers have a limiting oxygen index of 23.5% and a modulus at 100% of 3.77 MPa. compared to the original samples, the total heat release and peak heat release decreased by 55.3% and 39.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the method of adding ionic liquid (IL) is also expected to improve the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of other polymers.
“Top‐Down” Scission of Polymer into Target Chains with Tunable Molecular Weight via Ultramicrotome
Authors: Feng Yi , Zhou Yang , Song Leilei , Feng Xueyan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMolecular weight is a crucial characteristic of polymers which has a great influence on various polymer properties. Controlling molecular weight is a key aim in polymer research. Traditionally, chemical synthesis as a “bottom‐up” approach is the most common method to tune polymer molecular weight. Alternatively, breaking polymer chains by mechanical forces (e.g., ultrasound, ball‐mill grinding, and flow) is another pathway to adjust the molecular weight distribution. Herein, a new “top‐down” approach employing ultramicrotome to cut the polymer chains to manipulate the polymer molecular weight is reported. By controlling the slice thickness and polymer swelling conditions, and the initial high molecular weight polymer chains can be cropped into fragment chains with designed molecular weight in a well‐defined way. This work presents a new strategy to manipulate polymer molecular weight and will also provide a unique platform for further study of polymer mechanochemistry.
Achieving High‐Strength Polymer Adhesion Through Bond Exchange at the Interphase
Authors: Ohnishi Ryota , Hayashi Mikihiro 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBond‐exchangeable cross‐linked materials, including covalent adaptable networks and vitrimers, exhibit numerous advantageous properties such as reprocessability, recyclability, and healability. These features arise from the relaxation and diffusion of network polymers facilitated by bond exchange within the network. The application of these materials in functional adhesives is particularly promising, given the growing demand across various industries. It is well established that vitrimer films can adhere to a wide range of substrates. In this study, a novel concept of bond exchange‐based adhesion between different polymers is introduced, specifically noting that each polymer does not inherently possess bond‐exchange capabilities. The key feature lies in activating bond exchange exclusively at the interphase. Significant adhesion between commercial thermoplastic polyurethanes and cross‐linked poly(acrylate)s with hydroxy side groups randomly is demonstrated, achieved through transcarbomoylation bond exchange at the contact interphase. The incorporation of a small amount of bond exchange catalyst is crucial for enhancing adhesion, and both adhesion strength and fracture behavior can be manipulated through specific heating conditions. Overall, this study explores a new functionalization approach using the bond exchange concept, contributing to the development of a practical adhesion technique that eliminates the need for traditional adhesives.
Dynamic Modeling of Vinyl Chloride Suspension Polymerization in a Continuous Oscillatory Baffled Reactor
Authors: Silva Jonildo dos Santos , Melo Príamo Albuquerque , Marinho Rita , de Jesus Normando José Castro , Andrade Márcio Henrique Santos , Beck Priscila Martins , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn the present work, a phenomenological model built to represent the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride in a continuous oscillatory baffled reactor is presented for the first time. Following a previous work (Silva et al., Chemical Engineering Science, 288, 119845, 2024), a tanks‐in‐series model is employed to represent the reactor and a backflow stream is also considered to simulate backmixing. The intrinsic heterogeneous behavior of vinyl chloride polymerization adds model complexity in comparison to vinyl acetate polymerization reported in the literature. Moreover, the stronger gel effect also makes the temperature control difficult since a higher number of cooling jackets is required to keep a uniform temperature profile. The influence of residence time on reactor operation is investigated. Furthermore, the effects of initiator type and injection points on the polymerization rates and polymer properties are evaluated and shown to influence the process operation significantly.
Assessing Eligibility for Apomorphine Therapy in Parkinson's Disease: The Telemonitoring Potential
Authors: Niruban Alagaratnam , Dostal Vaclav , Mutimer Abigail , Tsamis Konstantinos , Kontaxis Spyridon , Kostikis Nicholas , Kanellos Foivos , Ntanis Adamantios , Rigas George , Konitsiotis Spyridon 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there are established guidelines for the selection of suitable candidates, objective and timely referral for the use of apomorphine remains challenging.ObjectivesThis research examined how telemonitoring may facilitate referrals for continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion in Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsA Blind Rater and a multi‐disciplinary team (MDT) including an expert PD nurse, neurologist, and geriatrician determined apomorphine pump treatment eligibility for 20 patients with PD. The MDT considered telemonitoring data and physical examination to determine eligibility. The Blind Rater used only telemonitoring data (PDMonitor®) to evaluate eligibility.ResultsThe results show that using wearable sensors to determine appropriateness of apomorphine pump treatment is similar to a complete method that combines objective motor symptom monitoring with clinical evaluation. The MDT and blind rater had a 0.89 Cohen's kappa coefficient, which suggests high rate of agreement. The best‐performing objective metric for differentiating patients who were recommended (APO) from those non‐recommended (non‐APO) for apomorphine pump therapy, was the device‐reported percentage of time in the “ON” state, which takes into consideration the “OFF” and dyskinesia time. The APO group had lower values in this metric and could be differentiated from the non‐APO group accurately (85%).ConclusionsUsing telemonitoring to determine eligibility for apomorphine therapy might improve evaluation and treatment in patients with PD and, therefore help improve their quality of life.
Prediction of the Appropriate Temperature and Pressure for Polymer Dissolution Using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Dadashi Dorsa , Kaedi Marjan , Dadashi Parsa , Sinha Ray Suprakas 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe widespread use of polymer solutions in the chemical industry poses a significant challenge in determining optimal dissolution conditions. Traditionally, researchers have relied on experimental methods to estimate the processing parameters needed to dissolve polymers, often requiring numerous iterations of testing different temperatures and pressures. This approach is both costly and time‐consuming. In this study, for the first time, we present a machine learning‐based approach to predict the minimum temperature and pressure required for polymer dissolution, correlating molecular weight and chemical structure of both the polymer and solvent and its weight percent. Using a dataset compiled from existing literature, which includes key factors influencing polymer dissolution, we also extracted chemical bond information from the molecular structures of polymer‐solvent systems. Six different machine learning algorithms, including linear regression, k‐nearest neighbors, regression trees, random forests, multilayer perceptron neural networks, and support vector regression, were employed to develop predictive models. Among these, the Random Forest model achieved the highest accuracy, with R2 values of 0.931 and 0.942 for temperature and pressure predictions, respectively. This novel approach eliminates the need for repetitive experimental testing, offering a more efficient pathway to determining dissolution conditions.
A Nonlocal Diffusion Single Population Model in Advective Environment
Authors: Tang Yaobin , Dai Binxiang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper is devoted to a nonlocal reaction–diffusion–advection model that describes the spatial dynamics of freshwater organisms in a river with a directional motion. Our goal is to investigate how the advection rate affects the dynamics of the species. We first establish the well‐posedness of global solutions, where the regularized problem containing a viscosity term and the re‐established maximum principle play key roles. We then demonstrate the existence, nonexistence, uniqueness, and stability of nontrivial stationary solutions by analyzing the principal eigenvalue of the integro‐differential operator, particularly focusing on its monotonicity with respect to the advection rate. This analysis helps us understand the long‐term dynamics of solutions and derive sharp criteria for persistence or extinction. Furthermore, we study the limiting behavior of solutions with respect to the advection rate and find that a sufficiently large advection rate leads to species extinction. Lastly, numerical simulations support our theoretical results.
Normalized Ground States for Nonlinear Coupled SchröDinger Systems With Critical Exponential Growth in ℝ2$$ {\mathbb{R}}^2 $$
Authors: Tan Yawen , Chen Jing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we study the existence of normalized ground state solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger systems with critical exponential growth nonlinearities and nonlinear coupled terms in satisfying the normalized constraints , , and . By revealing the basic behavior of the mountain‐pass energy when coupled constant is sufficiently large and applying ingenious analysis techniques, we restore the compactness. Our results improve and extend the previous results.
Region‐guided focal adversarial learning for CT‐to‐MRI translation: A proof‐of‐concept and validation study in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xia Yi‐Fan , Zeng Meng , Sun Shu‐Wen , Liu Qiu‐Ping , Zhang Jiu‐Lou , Zhi Rui , Lu Fei‐Yu , Chen Wei , Zhang Yu‐Dong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundGenerative adversarial networks (GANs) have recently demonstrated significant potential for producing virtual images with the same characteristics as real‐life landscapes, thereby enhancing various medical tasks.PurposeTo design a region‐guided focal GAN (Focal‐GAN) for translating images between CT and MRI and test its clinical applicability in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsBetween January 2012 and October 2021, two cohorts of patients with HCC who underwent contrast‐enhanced CT (Center 1, n = 685) and MRI (Center 1, n = 516; Center 2, n = 318) were retrospectively enrolled. We trained the Focal‐GAN model by adding tumor regions to a baseline Cycle‐GAN framework to steer the model toward focal attention learning. The quality of the images generated was assessed using an open‐source MRQy tool. The clinical applicability of the Focal‐GAN was evaluated by applying the nnUNet and ResNet‐50 model for tumor segmentation and microvascular invasion (MVI) prediction in HCC on the generated images.ResultsIn the ablation tests, Focal‐GAN achieved a higher fidelity than the conventional Cycle‐GAN in the generated image quality assessment with MRQy. Regarding applicability, regardless of tumor size, nnUNet trained with focal‐GAN‐generated images achieved higher Dice scores than nnUNet trained using Cycle‐GAN‐generated images for HCC segmentation in both internal (0.607 vs. 0.341, p < 0.01) and external (0.796 vs. 0.753, p < 0.001) validation. Additionally, ResNet‐50 trained with Focal‐GAN‐generated images produced higher areas‐under‐curve (AUCs) than ResNet‐50 trained with real images for MVI prediction in both internal (0.754 vs. 0.665, p = 0.048) and external (0.670 vs. 0.579, p < 0.001) validation.ConclusionsThe designed Focal‐GAN model can generate virtual MR images from unpaired CT images, thereby extending the clinical applicability of CT in the liver tumor diagnostic pathway.
Free Radical Entry in Emulsion Polymerization: A Comprehensive Theory
Authors: Herrera‐Ordonez Jorge 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA comprehensive mathematical model for radical entry into polymer particles is proposed that includes equations and various mechanistic precepts from several works, including those of the author. The model allows estimating the contribution of the different initiator‐derived radicals to the overall particle entry rate (ρ). The results of the model are consistent with experimental data reported in the literature. Contrary to what is established by one of the most accepted theories, it is obtained that: 1) the determining step of the entry of water‐soluble oligoradicals is not their propagation in the aqueous phase but rather their diffusion and subsequent irreversible adsorption on the particles; 2) primary particles can also enter (coagulate) and contribute to the ρ value; 3) the electrostatic repulsion between oligoradicals and charged particles plays a very important role in determining the predominant species entering the particles.