bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing management tools in Turkish public hospitals: the impact of culture, politics and role status
Authors: Ozturk Ali Osman , Swiss James E. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe government of Turkey has attempted to substantially improve the management of its public hospitals. However, an analysis of the performance of the quality certified hospitals finds only minor improvements. This study seeks to explain these disappointing results by interviewing 46 hospital managers and employees about the successes and failures of the management reform effort. The interviews suggest that traditional Turkish organisational culture often hinders attempts to decrease hierarchy, but, more positively, it also encourages the use of frontline teams and group rewards. Moreover, Turkey's hybrid system of allowing public doctors to maintain private practices has provided doctors with both the resources and the incentives to fight management reform efforts. Finally, organisational decentralisation in Turkey has evoked fierce political opposition, ironically even from many pro‐modernising forces that fear it could increase the power of Islamic fundamentalists. Turkey's experience suggests a number of broader points about management reform in non‐western societies. It suggests that decentralisation can often impede, rather than strengthen the other aspects of management reform; that a hybrid market organisation is often harder to move toward market efficiencies than a purely governmental one; and that national cultures should help guide the order in which reform tools are implemented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does homeownership counseling affect the prepayment and default behavior of affordable mortgage borrowers?
Authors: Quercia Roberto , Spader Jonathan 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe lack of industrywide data on homeownership education and counseling (HEC) programs has severely limited evaluation. In particular, very little evidence exists on the relationship between HEC completion and loan prepayment, an outcome of interest to both mortgage lenders and consumer advocates. Where mortgage prepayment directly influences the sustainability of affordable mortgage products, it also reflects the ability of underserved borrowers to access lower‐cost credit through refinancing. This study uses a uniquely rich data set to examine the impact of HEC completion on prepayment and defaultamongborrowers receivingHECfrom a variety of providers across 42 states. The loans, originated between 1999 and 2003, are observed through the first quarter of 2006, a period in which strong housing appreciation and decreasing interest rates generated substantial refinancing activity. Using a competing risks model of mortgage prepayment and default, we find that HEC programs based on classroom instruction and individual counseling improve a borrower's exercise of the mortgage prepayment option, but that programs based on home study or telephone counseling did not affect borrower behavior. Counseling shows no effect on default propensities. © 2008 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Does the public sector outperform the nonprofit and for‐profit sectors? Evidence from a national panel study on nursing home quality and access
Authors: Amirkhanyan Anna A. , Kim Hyun Joon , Lambright Kristina T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAre public and private organizations fundamentally different? This question has been among the most enduring inquiries in public administration. Our study explores the impact of organizational ownership on two complementary aspects of performance: service quality and access to services for impoverished clients. Derived from public management research on performance determinants and nursing home care literature, our hypotheses stipulate that public, nonprofit, and forprofit nursing homes use different approaches to balance the strategic tradeoff between two aspects of performance. Panel data on 14,423 facilities were analyzed to compare measures of quality and access across three sectors using different estimation methods. Findings indicate that ownership status is associated with critical differences in both quality and access. Public and nonprofit organizations are similar in terms of quality, and both perform significantly better than their forprofit counterparts. When compared to nonprofit and, in some cases, for‐profit facilities, public nursing homes have a significantly higher share of Medicaid recipients. The paper proposes strategies to address the identified long‐term care divide. © 2008 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Welfare and child support: Complements, not substitutes
Authors: Cancian Maria , Meyer Daniel R. , Caspar Emma 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn most states, child support paid on behalf of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) participants is used to offset TANF and child support administrative expenditures; this policy primarily benefits taxpayers. In contrast, Wisconsin allowed most custodial parents to keep all support paid on their behalf. This policy, which treats welfare and child support as complements, was evaluated through an experimental design. This paper reports the key results of the experimental evaluation, using state administrative data to examine the effects on child support outcomes and governmental cost. We find that when custodial mothers keep all child support paid on their behalf, paternity establishment occurs more quickly, noncustodial fathers are more likely to pay support, and custodial families receive more support. These outcomes are achieved at no significant governmental cost. © 2008 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Variability of polymorphic families of three types of xylanase inhibitors in the wheat grain proteome
Authors: Croes Evi , Gebruers Kurt , Robben Johan , Noben Jean‐Paul , Samyn Bart , Debyser Griet , Van Beeumen Jozef , Delcour Jan A. , Courtin Christophe M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCereals contain proteinaceous inhibitors of endo‐β‐1,4‐xylanases (E.C.3.2.1.8, xylanases). Since these xylanase inhibitors (XIs) are only active against xylanases of microbial origin and do not interact with plant endogenous xylanases, they are believed to act as a defensive barrier against phytopathogenic attack. So far, three types of XIs have been identified, i.e. Triticum aestivum XI (TAXI), xylanase inhibiting protein (XIP), and thaumatin‐like XI (TLXI) proteins. In this study the variation in XI forms present in wheat grain was elucidated using high‐resolution 2‐DE in combination with LC‐ESI‐MS/MS and biochemical techniques. Reproducible 2‐DE fingerprints of TAXI‐, XIP‐, and TLXI‐type XIs, selectively purified from whole meal of three European wheat cultivars using cation exchange chromatography followed by affinity chromatography, were obtained using a pH‐gradient of 6 to 11 and a molecular mass range of 10 to 60 kDa. Large polymorphic XI families, not known to date, which exhibit different pI‐ and/or molecular mass values, were visualised by colloidal CBB staining. Identification of distinct genetic variants by MS/MS‐analysis provides a partial explanation for the observed XI heterogeneity. Besides genetic diversity, PTMs, such as glycosylation, account for the additional complexity of the 2‐DE patterns.
Protein expression profile of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5, a sugarcane endophytic plant growth‐promoting bacterium
Authors: Lery Leticia M. S. , Coelho Ana , von Kruger Wanda M. A. , Gonçalves Mayla S. M. , Santos Marise F. , Valente Richard H. , Santos Eidy O. , Rocha Surza L. G. , Perales Jonas , Domont Gilberto B. , Teixeira Katia R. S. , Bisch Paulo M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis is the first broad proteomic description of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, an endophytic bacterium, responsible for the major fraction of the atmospheric nitrogen fixed in sugarcane in tropical regions. Proteomic coverage of G. diazotrophicus PAL5 was obtained by two independent approaches: 2‐DE followed by MALDI‐TOF or TOF‐TOF MS and 1‐DE followed by chromatography in a C18 column online coupled to an ESI‐Q‐TOF or ESI‐IT mass spectrometer. The 583 identified proteins were sorted into functional categories and used to describe potential metabolic pathways for nucleotides, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, cofactors and energy production, according to the Enzyme Commission of Enzyme Nomenclature (EC) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) databases. The identification of such proteins and their possible insertion in conserved biochemical routes will allow comparisons between G. diazotrophicus and other bacterial species. Furthermore, the 88 proteins classified as conserved unknown or unknown constitute a potential target for functional genomic studies, aiming at the understanding of protein function and regulation of gene expression. The knowledge of metabolic fundamentals and coordination of these actions are crucial for the rational, safe and sustainable interference on crops. The entire dataset, including peptide sequence information, is available as Supporting Information and is the major contribution of this work.
The mouse sperm proteome characterized via IPG strip prefractionation and LC‐MS/MS identification
Authors: Baker Mark A. , Hetherington Louise , Reeves Gabi M. , Aitken R. John 
Published: March 2008

AbstractProteomic profiling of the mouse spermatozoon has generated a unique and valuable inventory of candidates that can be mined for potential contraceptive targets and to further our understanding of the PTMs that regulate the functionality of this highly specialized cell. Here we report the identification of 858 proteins derived from mouse spermatozoa, 23 of which demonstrated testis only expression. The list contained many proteins that are known constituents of murine spermatozoa including Izumo, Spaca 1, 3, and 5, Spam 1, Zonadhesin, Spesp1, Smcp, Spata 6, 18, and 19, Zp3r, Zpbp 1 and 2, Spa17, Spag 6, 16, and 17, CatSper4, Acr, Cylc2, Odf1 and 2, Acrbp, and Acrv1. Certain protein families were highly represented in the proteome. For example, of the 42 gene products classified as proteases, 26 belonged to the 26S‐proteasome. Of the many chaperones identified in this proteome, eight proteins with a TCP‐1 domain were found, as were seven Rab guanosine triphosphatases. Finally, our list yielded three putative seven‐transmembrane proteins, two of which have no known tissue distribution, an extragenomic progesterone receptor and three unique testis‐specific kinases all of which may have some potential in the future regulation of male fertility.
A simple and highly successful C‐terminal sequence analysis of proteins by mass spectrometry
Authors: Kuyama Hiroki , Shima Keisuke , Sonomura Kazuhiro , Yamaguchi Minoru , Ando Eiji , Nishimura Osamu , Tsunasawa Susumu 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA simple and efficient method for C‐terminal sequencing of proteins has long been pursued because it would provide substantial information for identifying the covalent structure, including post‐translational modifications. However, there are still significant impediments to both direct sequencing from C termini of proteins and specific isolation of C‐terminal peptides from proteins. We describe here a highly successful, de novo C‐terminal sequencing method of proteins by employing succinimidyloxycarbonylmethyl tris (2,4,6‐trimethoxyphenyl) phosphonium bromide and mass spectrometry.
Precision enhancement of MALDI‐TOF MS using high resolution peak detection and label‐free alignment
Authors: Tracy Maureen B. , Chen Haijian , Weaver Dennis M. , Malyarenko Dariya I. , Sasinowski Maciek , Cazares Lisa H. , Drake Richard R. , Semmes O. John , Tracy Eugene R. , Cooke William E. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe have developed an automated procedure for aligning peaks in multiple TOF spectra that eliminates common timing errors and small variations in spectrometer output. Our method incorporates high‐resolution peak detection, re‐binning, and robust linear data fitting in the time domain. This procedure aligns label‐free (uncalibrated) peaks to minimize the variation in each peak's location from one spectrum to the next, while maintaining a high number of degrees of freedom. We apply our method to replicate pooled‐serum spectra from multiple laboratories and increase peak precision (t/σt) to values limited only by small random errors (with σt less than one time count in 89 out of 91 instances, 13 peaks in seven datasets). The resulting high precision allowed for an order of magnitude improvement in peak m/z reproducibility. We show that the CV for m/z is 0.01% (100 ppm) for 12 out of the 13 peaks that were observed in all datasets between 2995 and 9297 Da.
Optically induced strain relaxation in anisotropically strained M ‐plane GaN films
Authors: Flissikowski T. , Brandt O. , Misra P. , Grahn H. T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe study the anisotropic in‐plane strain in M ‐plane GaN films by photoreflectance, photoluminescence, Raman, and time‐resolved pump‐and‐probe spectroscopy. We find that a highly strained film partially relaxes, if it is pumped by an intense optical pulse. The strain relaxation can be observed by a shift of the E2‐Raman line to lower energies and by a shift of the fundamental interband transition energies in the photoreflectance spectra. The photoluminescence intensity of the exposed areas is significantly reduced as compared to the one for areas, which have not been exposed to the intense optical pulse. This suggests that the strain relaxation is connected to the introduction of defects, which can act as non‐radiative recombination centers. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of buffer‐trapping effects on gate lag, drain lag and current collapse in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
Authors: Horio K. , Nakajima A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTransient simulations of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are performed in which a deep donor and a deep acceptor are considered in a semi‐insulating buffer layer. Quasi‐pulsed I‐V curves are derived from the transient characteristics, and are compared with steady‐state I‐V curves. It is shown that the lag phenomena and current collapse could be reproduced. Particularly, the gate lag is correlated with relatively high source access resistance of the FETs. The current collapse is shown to bemore pronounced when the deep‐acceptor density in the buffer layer is higher and when an off‐state drain voltage is higher, because trapping effects become more significant. It is suggested that to minimize current collapse in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, an acceptor density in the buffer layer should be made low, although the current cutoff behavior may be degraded. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Filling the green gap: A first‐principles study of the LiMg1‐xZnxN alloy
Authors: Walsh Aron , Wei Su‐Huai 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe lack of an efficient emitter in the 500‐600nm range is limiting the adoption of LEDs for indoor lighting applications. The degradation in performance of current InGaN alloys in this range is due to the large lattice mismatch between InN and GaN and associated alloy phase instabilities. We propose and investigate, using first‐principles methods, the electronic structure of an alternative LiMg1‐xZnxN alloy which has the potential to fill this gap. The small lattice mismatch between LiMgN and LiZnN, along with electronic band gaps spanning the visible range, make them, in principle, ideal candidates for white LED applications. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bluish‐green semipolar GaInN/GaN light emitting diodes on {1$ \bar 1 $01} GaN side facets
Authors: Wunderer T. , Lipski F. , Hertkorn J. , Brückner P. , Scholz F. , Feneberg M. , Schirra M. , Thonke K. , Chuvilin A. , Kaiser U. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBluish‐green semipolar GaInN/GaN light emitting diodes were realized on the {1$ \bar 1 $01} side facets of selectively grown GaN stripes with an on‐wafer optical output power of 240 mW@20mA for about 500 nm emission wavelength. Structural investigations using TEM, SEM, HRXRD and AFM could be related to the luminescence properties in PL and CL. The defect‐related luminescence peaks at 3.3 eV and 3.41 eV, typically observed in non‐ and semipolar GaN, could be eliminated in our facet LEDs by optimized growth conditions. Furthermore, a 50% higher indium incorporation for these {1$ \bar 1 $01} facets compared to c ‐plane growth is found, what helps significantly to achieve longer wavelength emission in spite of the reduced Quantum Confined Stark Effect. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High resolution Laplace deep level transient spectroscopy studies of electron and hole traps in n‐type GaN
Authors: Emiroglu D. , Evans‐Freeman J. , Kappers M. J. , McAleese C. , Humphreys C. J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDeep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) and Laplace DLTS (LDLTS) have been applied to MOVPE‐grown n‐type GaN, grown at 1020 °C on c‐plane sapphire. DLTS measured up to 600 K initially recorded three peaks due to electron emission. However, when the next rate window was sampled immediately afterwards, the DLTS scan showed a large negative peak which dominated the scan at 410K. The polarity of the feature means that this is due to hole emission. An electron trap initially present at 400 K in the DLTS spectrum gradually disappeared up to a measurement temperature of 520 K; beyond this the hole trap was observed. It then remained detectable by DLTS for up to one week, although cooling under bias decreased its intensity severely. LDLTS reveals that this hole trap is not a simple point defect as it has three emission rates. It is discussed in the context of the VGa‐ON(x) defect, where different emission rates present could reflect VGa complexed with different numbers of O atoms. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Inhibition of Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) on bone resorption mediated by processing of Cathepsin K in cultured mouse osteoclasts
Authors: Kim Kyung‐Woon , Park Jun‐Sung , Kim Kap‐Sung , Jin Un‐Ho , Kim June‐Ki , Suh Seok‐Jong , Kim Cheorl‐Ho 
Published: March 2008

AbstractUlmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) (UD) has long been known to be antiinflammatory in traditional Korean medicine. This experiment investigated the effects of UD on bone resorption using bone cell culture. Different concentrations of crude extract of UD were added to mouse bone cell culture. The mitochondrial activity of the bone cells after exposure of UD was determined by colorimetric 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazolyl‐2)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). It was demonstrated that UD has potential effects on bone cell culture without cytotoxicity. The most effective concentration of UD in bone cells was 100 µg/mL. Cathepsin K (Cat K) is the major cysteine protease expressed in osteoclasts and is thought to play a key role in matrix degradation during bone resorption. When mouse long bone cells including osteoclasts and osteoblasts were treated with UD, UD prevented the osteoclast‐mediated intracellular processing of Cat K, suggesting that UD may disrupt the intracellular transport of pro Cat K. Since secreted proenzymes have the potential to reenter the cell via the mannose‐6‐phosphate (M6P) receptor, to prevent this possibility, UD was tested in the absence or presence of M6P. Inhibition of Cat K processing by UD was observed in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the addition of M6P resulted in enhanced potency of UD. UD dose‐dependently inhibited in vitro bone resorption with a potency similar to that observed for inhibition of Cat K processing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capsaicin modulates pulmonary antioxidant defense system during benzo(a)pyrene‐induced lung cancer in swiss albino mice
Authors: Anandakumar P. , Kamaraj S. , Jagan S. , Ramakrishnan G. , Vinodhkumar R. , Devaki T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe effect of a pungent ingredient of red pepper, capsaicin, on oxidative stress induced changes in the antioxidant defense system by benzo(a)pyrene in the lungs of mice was studied. Oral gavage administration of benzo(a)pyrene (50 mg/kg body weight) to mice led to a marked increase in oxidative stress indicated by alterations in pulmonary lipid peroxidation, enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione‐S‐transferase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase) and non‐enzymic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin A). Pre‐co‐treatment with capsaicin (10 mg/kg body weight i.p.) restored cellular normalcy, highlighting the antioxidant potential of capsaicin in mitigating the oxidative stress mediated damage produced during benzo(a)pyrene‐induced lung cancer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to justify teaching false science
Authors: Slater Matthew H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe often knowingly teach false science. Such a practice conflicts with a prima facie pedagogical value placed on teaching only what is true. I argue that only a partial dissolution of the conflict is possible: the proper aim of instruction in science is not to provide an armory of facts about what things the world contains, how they interact, and so on, but rather to contribute to an understanding of how science as a human endeavor works and what sorts of facts about the world science aims to provide. Such an aim legislates for an increased prominence of history and philosophy in even secondary science education. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 92:526–542, 2008
Students' inventory of social actors concerned by the controversy surrounding cellular telephones: A case study
Authors: Pouliot Chantal 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe present article scrutinizes the manner with which a group of three postsecondary students (in Quebec, Canada) describe the social actors concerned by the controversy surrounding cellular telephones. The study was conducted on the basis of an ethnographic approach. Participant observation was performed by the researcher for 3 hours during each of 15 weeks. The theoretical framework developed by Callon, Lascoumes, and Barthe (2001) was drawn on to show how the group assigns roles relating to public representation and the production of legitimate knowledges; in particular, it assigns to scientists the role of conducting research; to government the roles of building citizens' awareness about the risks related to cellular telephone use, protecting users, and guiding the conduct of the cellular telephone industry; and to citizens the roles of becoming/staying informed and of making limited use of cellular telephones. The study reported here also illustrates that, in the process, the group airs their views concerning the terms best suited to defining the subject of the controversy, constituting research “collectives,” and disseminating knowledge. One main conclusion is that science education research projects drawing on the contributions of Callon et al. (2001) hold out considerable promise in terms of relevance and fruitfulness. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 92:543–559, 2008