bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
folA, a New Member of the TyrR Regulon inEscherichia coliK-12
Authors: Yang Ji , Ogawa Yoshito , Camakaris Helen , Shimada Tomohiro , Ishihama Akira , Pittard A. J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThefolAgene was identified as a new member of the TyrR regulon by genomic SELEX. Binding of TyrR to two sites infolAactivated its transcription. Mutations in the N-terminal or central domain of TyrR, the α subunit of RNA polymerase, or integration host factor all abolished activation of thefolApromoter.
Filamentous Morphology in GroE-Depleted
Escherichia coli
Induced by Impaired Folding of FtsE
Authors: Fujiwara Kei , Taguchi Hideki 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

The chaperonin GroE (GroEL and the cochaperonin GroES) is the only chaperone system that is essential for the viability of
Escherichia coli
. It is known that GroE-depleted cells exhibit a filamentous morphology, suggesting that GroE is required for the folding of proteins involved in cell division. Although previous studies, including proteome-wide analyses of GroE substrates, have suggested several targets of GroE in cell division, there is no direct in vivo evidence to identify which substrates exhibit obligate dependence on GroE for folding. Among the candidate substrates, we found that prior excess production of FtsE, a protein engaged in cell division, completely suppressed the filamentation of GroE-depleted
E. coli
. The GroE depletion led to a drastic decrease in FtsE, and the cells exhibited a known phenotype associated with impaired FtsE function. In the GroE-depleted filamentous cells, the localizations of FtsA and ZipA, both of which assemble with the FtsZ septal ring before FtsE, were normal, whereas FtsX, the interaction partner of FtsE, and FtsQ, which is recruited after FtsE, did not localize to the ring, suggesting that the decrease in FtsE is a cause of the filamentous morphology. Finally, a reconstituted cell-free translation system revealed that the folding of newly translated FtsE was stringently dependent on GroEL/GroES. Based on these findings, we concluded that FtsE is a target substrate of the GroE system in
E. coli
cell division.
THE TOXICITY OF RUBBERS AND PLASTICS USED IN TRANSFUSION-GIVING SETS
Authors: Cruickshank C. N. D. , Hooper Caroline , Lewis H. B. M. , MacDougall J. D. B. 
Published: June 2007

The toxicity of different rubbers and plastics used in transfusion-giving sets has been investigated by examining their effects on (a) cultures of chick embryo tissues, (b) the oxygen uptake of guinea-pig skin tissue cultures, and (c) the growth ofStr. pyogenes.The results of the laboratory tests have been compared with the incidence of thrombophlebitis after prolonged transfusions through the various materials.It was found that where the materials inhibited the growth ofStr. pyogenesthey were also toxic to tissue cultures, but that some materials which were toxic to tissue cultures did not inhibit bacterial growth.The assessments of the relative toxicity of the materials tested by the two tissue culture methods were in agreement. The skin respiration studies, however, gave more information on the early effects of the toxic materials. The relative toxicity of the materials as revealed by these tests could be correlated with the differences in the incidence of thrombophlebitis following intravenous infusions administered through giving-sets assembled with the materials tested.It is suggested therefore that the toxicity revealed by these tests is of clinical importance, and that tissue culture toxicity tests will prove to be of value in selecting rubbers and plastics for clinical purposes.
CAERULOPLASMIN AS DEMONSTRATED BY STARCH GEL ELECTROPHORESIS
Authors: Cumings J. N. , Earl C. J. 
Published: June 2007

Starch gel electrophoresis has demonstrated that graded concentrations of sodium sulphate do not precipitate the serum globulins in any reasonable degree of purity.The use of this form of electrophoresis has shown that caeruloplasmin is associated with a globulin in the Fa2position.This technique can be employed as a screening test for patients suspected of suffering from hepatolenticular degeneration.
THE IDENTIFICATION OF A FLUORESCENT REDUCING SUBSTANCE IN THE URINE OF PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: McMillan Mary 
Published: June 2007

The report that 2,5-dihydroxyphenylpyruvic acid occurs in the urine of patients with collagen disease has not been confirmed, and no evidence was found for regarding collagen disease as being due to an inherent error in tyrosine metabolism as suggested by Japanese workers.A strongly reducing substance was conspicuous in the urine of patients with rheumatoid arthritis but not in that of normal persons. This substance was identified as 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA).A method is described for the measurement of 3-HAA in urine, employing ether extraction, paper chromatography in a formate solvent, and visual assessment by fluorescence in ultra-violet light and colour with Ehrlich's reagent.Normal persons excreted from less than 125 to 375 μg./day (average rather lower than 200 μg./day); those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis excreted from less than 125 to 2,250 μg./day (average 820 μg./day).The excessive excretion of 3-HAA in persons with rheumatoid arthritis was investigated in terms of other aspects of the activity of the disease. Some relationship was suggested between excretion levels, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the sensitized sheep cell test.Cases of osteoarthritis, other orthopaedic conditions, and miscellaneous diseases were examined. A few of the latter, including diseases of the haemopoietic system, were associated with increased excretion of 3-HAA.
TYRAMINE-PRODUCING STREPTOCOCCI IN NEONATAL DIARRHOEA
Authors: Bridson E. Y. , Brown Jean 
Published: June 2007

An outbreak of neonatal diarrhoea associated with large numbers ofStreptococcus faecalisvar.zymogenesis described.A follow-up survey showed that 23.3% of 347 healthy babies carried this organism without ill effect.The tyrosine decarboxylase activity of the streptococci from both sick and healthy babies was identically high.It is suggested that the tyramine-producing activity of these streptococci was not the primary cause of the diarrhoea.
A HAEMORRHAGIC DISORDER IN PREGNANCY DUE TO AN “ANTICOAGULANT” PREVENTING THE CONVERSION OF FIBRINOGEN TO FIBRIN
Authors: Baker S. J. , Jacob E. 
Published: June 2007

A bleeding disorder occurring during labour and affecting mother and foetus is described.All stages of coagulation were normal until the reaction fibrinogen→fibrin. Either there was some abnormality present in the fibrinogen molecule, or there was an “anticoagulant” acting at this stage.The abnormality was reversible by protamine sulphate and toluidine blue, but in other respects did not resemble hyperheparinaemia.Reversibility of a clotting defect by protamine or toluidine blue is not sufficient evidence on which to make a diagnosis of hyperheparinaemia.Demonstration of a prolonged clotting time occurring in late pregnancy does not necessarily justify the diagnosis of “afibrinogenaemia.”
SERUM IRON DETERMINATION
Authors: Kok D'A. , Wild F. 
Published: June 2007

A simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the determination of iron in serum or plasma is described.The procedure is carried out at room temperature with 2 ml. of serum or plasma, or with 1 ml. if high values are expected; it can be applied to turbid or jaundiced samples, whether previously frozen or not.An ethanolic solution of 4: 7-diphenyl-1: 10-phenanthroline is used to produce a coloured iron complex, the optical density of which can be measured in any suitable photometer, using either 10 or 20 mm. fused glass cuvettes or matched tubes of 1.1 cm. internal diameter.
POLYCYTHAEMIA VERA AND CHRISTMAS DISEASE WITH SLIGHTLY PROLONGED PROTHROMBIN TIME
Authors: Amos J. A. S. 
Published: June 2007

A family is reported in which Christmas disease in one member and polycythaemia in another were associated with prolongations of the one-stage prothrombin time of the factor-VII deficiency type.Changes in the prothrombin time were present in the siblings of the case of Christmas disease and in a number of unrelated cases of polycythaemia vera.The use of “mixing procedures” did not reveal any significant mutual correction of the changes in prothrombin time.
THE ABSORPTION OF VITAMIN B12IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANAEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH PREGNANCY
Authors: Metz J. , Lewis S. M. , Keeley K. J. , Hart D. 
Published: June 2007

The absorption of60CoB12has been studied in a group of patients suffering from megaloblastic anaemia associated with pregnancy and in a control group.The mean urinary excretion of60CoB12in the patients with megaloblastic anaemia is not significantly different from that of the control group. Five of the 30 patients showed a value towards the lower limit of normal, but the serum vitamin B12content in this group was within the normal range.Malabsorption of vitamin B12does not appear to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of this form of megaloblastic anaemia.
THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF TUMOUR CELLS IN CIRCULATING BLOOD
Authors: Alexander R. F. , Spriggs A. I. 
Published: June 2007

White-cell concentrates were made by a dextran sedimentation technique from the blood of 140 cases of malignant disease and 60 controls. The slides were searched for tumour cells and for other unusual cells with which they might be confused. Several million white cells were scanned in the slides from each case.Acceptable tumour cells were identified in the blood of seven patients, none of whom survived for more than a few months. These cells are illustrated, as well as various other cell types which may have been confused with malignant cells in the past. It is concluded that the cytology of white cell concentrates should be further explored before statistics about the occurrence of circulating tumour cells are accepted.
THREE CASES OF ACUTE MESENTERIC LYMPHADENITIS DUE TOPASTEURELLA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Mair N. S. , Mair Hélène J. , Stirk E. M. , Corson J. G. 
Published: June 2007

Seventeen cases of mesenteric adenitis were investigated between May and October, 1959, for the presence of virus as well as for evidence ofPasteurella pseudotuberculosisinfection.Specimens examined included mesenteric glands, appendix, throat swab, faeces, and serum, although glands were received from only 12 patients. Virus was not isolated from any of the specimens, but evidence of infection withPasteurella pseudotuberculosiswas obtained in three patients.The three cases of acute mesenteric lymphadenitis due toPasteurella pseudotuberculosisare reported.Pasteurella pseudotuberculosisType IA was isolated from the mesenteric glands of two of the cases, and all three cases showed serological evidence of infection with the organism. The mesenteric glands of two of the cases showed histological changes characteristic of pseudotuberculosis.
STUDIES ON REANIMATION WITH PLASMA EXPANDERS
Authors: Nicolau C. T. , Poppa Cecil , Ialomiteanu M. , Pîrvu R. , Ionescu M. 
Published: June 2007

In dogs very severe haemorrhage, which leads to a state barely distinguishable from death, can be cured by one intra-arterial injection of dextran equal in volume to three-quarters or more of the estimated blood loss, provided that the dextran injection contains adrenaline and lobeline. Recovery after this treatment is only temporary, and a blood transfusion of about 25% of th e subject's lost volume of blood is needed for complete recovery.It may be possible to apply these results to man, in which case, the reanimation method of Negovsky could be simplified and therefore be easy to use in any circumstances.
A RAPID “SIDE-ROOM” METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PLASMA FIBRINOGEN CONCENTRATION AS FIBRIN
Authors: Ingram G. I. C. , Matchett Myrtle O. 
Published: June 2007

A method is proposed for the rapid estimation of plasma fibrinogen concentration. The technique depends on the increase of optical density occurring when plasma clots. A kit is described which obviates the use of laboratory apparatus, so that the test may be performed in the ward side-room if a small centrifuge can be provided.A calibration curve has been prepared for use with commercial opacity standards, and a measure of the error of the method has been obtained.
THE RELATION OF THYROID AUTO-IMMUNITY TO ROUND-CELLED INFILTRATION OF THE THYROID GLAND
Authors: Schade R. O. K. , Owen S. G. , Smart G. A. , Hall R. 
Published: June 2007

The relationship between thyroid auto-immunity and the presence of lymphocytes in the thyroid gland has been analysed in patients with Graves' disease, toxic adenoma, and non-toxic nodular goitre. In all these conditions circulating antibody to thyroglobulin was significantly associated with lymphocytic infiltration. No similar correlation was established in the case of the complement-fixing antibody.Complement-fixing antibody was significantly commoner in Graves' disease (diffuse thyrotoxic goitre) than in toxic adenoma and non-toxic nodular goitre. Circulating thyroglobulin antibody probably originates from lymphoid tissue within and around the thyroid gland itself.Overactivity of pituitary thyrotropin may favour immunization to the intracellular (complementfixing) antigen.
Nocardiosis in anaemic patients given steroids
Authors: Whitmore D. N. , Gresham G. A. , Grayson M. J. 
Published: June 2007

Two fatal cases of infection withNocardia asteroidesare described with necropsy findings in one. Both patients had been anaemic and had received steroid therapy.The bacteriological problems of species recognition in the genusNocardiaare considered and the results of infection in experimental animals described.
A family study of the biochemical defects in Wilson's disease
Authors: Soothill J. F. , Blainey J. D. , Neale F. C. , Fischer-Williams M. , Melnick S. C. 
Published: June 2007

Estimations of serum copper, serum ceruloplasmin (immunochemical), and urinary amino-acids excretion (quantitative and chromatographic) in 44 healthy relatives of patients with Wilson's disease (39 from one family) are reported. Each technique revealed some abnormal individuals. Good agreement was obtained between the serum copper and serum ceruloplasmin estimations and between the quantitative and chromatographic estimations of amino-acid excretion. Some individuals were abnormal to one or other of the pairs of tests only.These results cast doubt on the hypothesis that the symptoms of Wilson's disease are secondary to a quantitative (or qualitative) abnormality of ceruloplasmin. They also suggest that the mode of inheritance of the biochemical defects may be more complicated than that of a simple recessive mutant gene.Two of the relatives (one pregnant and one immediately post-partum) had a high serum copper level, as is expected in pregnancy, but normal serum ceruloplasmin. This suggests that the mechanism of control of the serum ceruloplasmin concentration may, normally, depend on the serum copper concentration.
Soluble cerebral proteins in normal and oedematous brain
Authors: Cumings J. N. 
Published: June 2007

The soluble cerebral proteins of cortex and white matter from normal brains of adults and infants and of oedematous brain tissue have been subjected to starch electrophoresis. The protein patterns with their nitrogen, lactic dehydrogenase, and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase contents were estimated. The normal patterns of these substances have been compared with the findings of workers using other methods of electrophoresis.Oedematous brains have been shown to possess an albumin band with an increase in lactic dehydrogenase in some globulin bands. These findings are discussed in relation to the mode and site of production of oedema.
The determination of magnesium in biological materials by flame photometry
Authors: Fawcett J. K. , Wynn V. 
Published: June 2007

A method is described for the measurement of magnesium in biological materials and has been applied to the Unicam flame spectrophotometer SP 900.Samples were diluted in 10 mM strontium ethylenedinitrolo tetraacetate (EDTASr), 10 mM potassium carbonate, giving final magnesium concentrations of about 0·1 to 0·2 mM. The EDTASr almost eliminated the depression of magnesium emission by interfering anions. The potassium carbonate slightly depressed both magnesium emission and flame background, which were then virtually unaffected by further addition of cations.Spectral interference by sodium was controlled by including 14 mM sodium chloride in the plasma standards and making small corrections (usually under 2%) on the basis of the plasma sodium level. The urine standards contained no sodium, but a small correction (usually about 2%) was made on the basis of the urine sodium level. There was insufficient sodium in faeces to cause spectral interference.Using the diluent described, added magnesium was satisfactorily recovered from plasma deproteinized with perchloric acid, urine, and faeces. When different volumes of identical samples of plasma and urine were analysed, the magnesium found was proportional to the volume of sample diluted.The plasma magnesium levels reported for a small group of healthy people were similar to those found by previous workers.
The artificial kidney and urea clearance
Authors: Blackmore D. J. , Elder W. J. 
Published: June 2007

A theoretical efficiency has been calculated from the known urea clearance of the artificial kidney, the assumed total body water of the patient, and the initial plasma urea.The efficiency of dialysis never significantly exceeded the calculated figure. In some patients with trauma or glomerulonephritis the efficiency was very poor whereas in patients with renal failure complicating pregnancy the actual and calculated efficiencies were very close.These observations are discussed and possible reasons for the failure of dialysis to bring down the plasma urea to the expected concentration are suggested.
Estimation of gamma globulin in the serum of patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia
Authors: Kekwick R. A. , Vallet L. , Cutbush M. , Mollison P. L. , Thomas A. R. , Gell P. G. H. , Soothill J. F. 
Published: June 2007

Three methods of estimating γ globulin in the serum of patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia are described and compared, namely free electrophoresis, the inhibition of antiglobulin antiserum method, and the gel diffusion precipitin method. Data from 142 parallel estimations are reported.The errors of these methods are determined.The results of the three techniques give good general agreement. This is due to the fact that the 7S component dominates the estimations whichever technique is used. Some discrepancies are discussed.All of the techniques are applicable to the diagnosis of hypogammaglobulinaemia. Their practical limitations are discussed.
Studies on the disturbance of glucuronide formation in infectious hepatitis
Authors: Vest M. F. , Fritz E. 
Published: June 2007

The ability of the liver to form glucuronides was measured in 10 patients with infectious hepatitis. One test was done at the onset and another about four weeks later after the clinical symptoms had disappeared. N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (N.A.P.A.) or acetanilide was administered in doses ranging from 10 to 20 mg. per kg. body weight, either orally or by intravenous injection. N.A.P.A. is conjugated by the liver at the hydroxyl group and excreted in the urine as sulphuric and glucuronic acid conjugates. Total conjugated p-aminophenol, free N.A.P.A., and N.A.P.A. glucuronide were estimated in the urine of our patients. In the blood the disappearance of N.A.P.A. (free form) and the formation of N.A.P.A. glucuronide were traced.During the acute phase of hepatitis the excretion of total conjugated p-aminophenol and of N.A.P.A. glucuronide in the urine is lower than after recovery from the disease. Likewise free N.A.P.A. disappears more slowly from the circulation and the peak concentration of N.A.P.A. glucuronide in the serum remains lower at the onset of hepatitis than after clinical cure. These results indicate that glucuronide formation during the acute stage of infectious hepatitis is depressed, as are other transformation mechanisms,i.e., of hippuric acid.
Disinfection of woollen blankets in steam at subatmospheric pressure
Authors: Alder V. G. , Gillespie W. A. 
Published: June 2007

Blankets may be disinfected in steam at subatmospheric pressures by temperatures below boiling point inside a suitably adapted autoclave chamber.The chamber and its contents are thoroughly evacuated of air so as to allow rapid heat penetration, and steam is admitted to a pressure of 10 in. Hg below atmospheric pressure, which corresponds to a temperature of 89°C. Woollen blankets treated 50 times by this process were undamaged. Vegetative organisms were destroyed but not spores.The method is suitable for large-scale disinfection of blankets and for disinfecting various other articles which would be damaged at higher temperatures.
Coagulation tests on capillary blood
Authors: Dormandy Katharine M. , Hardisty R. M. 
Published: June 2007

A method of investigating the coagulation mechanism is described.Results obtained by this procedure are compared with those of tests carried out on venous blood obtained simultaneously from normal subjects and patients with a variety of clotting defects. Good correlation was found between the results of P and P tests on venous and capillary blood, and also between thromboplastin screening tests on capillary blood and antihaemophilic and Christmas factor levels.The methods described have proved reliable as a pre-operative screening procedure in routine use over a period of nearly two years.
A simple method of weighing the heart
Authors: Marshall A. G. 
Published: June 2007

A simple method of dividing and weighing the heart is described. It is quick to perform and ratios between the left and right ventricles and the total weight of the heart are remarkably constant.Analysis of 788 cases shows that these ratios are of value in the diagnosis after death of systemic and pulmonary hypertension. This is applicable to both sexes at all ages.An unexpected finding was a significant correlation between pulmonary hypertension and acute massive pulmonary embolism, of which the prophylactic and therapeutic implications are mentioned.The value of the method in childhood and infancy is indicated.
The plasma clearance of injected doses of folic acid as an index of folic acid deficiency
Authors: Metz J. , Stevens K. , Krawitz S. , Brandt V. 
Published: June 2007

The folic acid clearance test of Chanarin (1958) has been studied in normal white subjects, patients with megaloblastic anaemia, healthy Bantu males, Bantu females, hospital patients without anaemia, and in patients with scurvy.The test clearly distinguishes patients with megaloblastic anaemia, where clearance from the plasma of injected folic acid is abnormally rapid, from normal subjects. The rate of clearance of folic acid is abnormally rapid both in vitamin B12and in folic acid deficiency. Rapid clearance of injected folic acid in patients with primary B12deficiency may be the result of a conditioned deficiency of folic acid.The test is sufficiently sensitive to detect body deficiency of folic acid before the development of anaemia.In patients with scurvy, folic acid is cleared from the plasma abnormally rapidly. It is suggested that this may be the result of an associated dietary deficiency of folic acid.
Pulmonary cytomegalic inclusion-body disease in a diabetic
Authors: Heard Brian E. , Hassan A. M. , Wilson Stephanie M. 
Published: June 2007

Cytomegalic inclusion-body disease was found at necropsy in the lungs of a 57-year-old diabetic man. The characteristic large cells were found in all parts of the lungs. The alveolar walls showed no cellular infiltration, supporting Hamperl's suggestion that the cytomegalic virus alone may be incapable of causing pneumonitis. A small focus of aspergillosis was also found in one lung.The rarity of cytomegalic inclusion-body disease in adults was confirmed by re-examining histologically the lungs of 15 further cases of diabetes as well as 60 of other chronic diseases. No further example of pulmonary cytomegaly was found.