bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of heat‐induced degradation of edible oils by proton NMR
Authors: Guillén María D. , Ruiz Ainhoa 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe degradation process of edible oils of very different nature, submitted to 190 °C with aeration, is studied by means of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In this study, no primary oxidation products, such as hydroperoxides, are detected, the signals of aldehydes being the first to be observed in the 1H NMR spectra. Differences between this degradation process and those occurring at 70 °C with aeration or under microwave action are discussed, not only in relation to the degradation rate of the different acyl groups, but also in relation to the nature and proportions of some of the degradation products generated. Oils rich in oleic acyl groups are not only more resistant to degradation than oils rich in linoleic and linolenic acyl groups, but also produce lower proportions of toxic aldehydes.
Thermodynamical studies of designed ligands binding to Cel7A using partial‐filling capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Nilsson Mikael , Fagerström Alexandra , Berg Ulf , Isaksson Roland 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA convenient experimental method for thermodynamical studies based on partial‐filling affinity CE is presented. The advantages of this approach are the possibility to determine binding energies from relatively weak interactions as well as the small amounts of samples consumed. In order to explore the affinity and selectivity of the cellobiohydrolase Cel7A, a number of propranolol analogues were recently designed. The affinities of a selection of these ligands were determined in the temperature interval 15–40°C, and ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were obtained by means of Van't Hoff plots. Through these experiments, the importance of the entropy contribution in the complexation between the ligands and Cel7A has been demonstrated.
Fast fluorescent staining of protein in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels by palmatine
Authors: Cong Wei‐Tao , Jin Li‐Tai , Hwang Sun‐Young , Choi Jung‐Kap 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA fast and sensitive protein fluorescent detection method in SDS‐PAGE using the natural product palmatine is described. Palmatine is an alkaloid found in various plants exhibiting a broad spectrum of antibiotic activity in humans. The sensitivity of palmatine staining is similar to those of the SYPRO Red, SYPRO Tangerine, and SYPRO Orange protein gel stains – about 4 ng per protein band. This detection sensitivity is comparable to colloidal CBB staining. Since proteins stained with palmatine do not need destaining, the staining procedure can be easily shortened and completed in about 30 min. Stained proteins can be photographed using a UV transilluminator. The results of the present study suggest that the palmatine staining is sensitive, rapid, low cost, and safe for a broad application to the research of protein.
Mesh movement via Legendre transforms
Authors: Giddings R. D. , Cullen M. J. P. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA new mesh movement algorithm is presented based on a Legendre transform arising from optimal transportation theory. This naturally allows the mesh connectivity to change, so that adjacent cells can move apart to avoid regions of distorted or poor quality mesh. It is applied here to the Euler equations with conservation on such a mesh achieved by the construction of space–time cells. The method is demonstrated on problems with large deformations and where the regions of concentrated mesh change their topology, e.g. merging and separating. © British Crown Copyright 2007/MOD. Reproduced with permission. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical solution of 2D and 3D viscous incompressible steady and unsteady flows using artificial compressibility method
Authors: Louda P. , Kozel K. , Příhoda J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this work, artificial compressibility method is used to solve steady and unsteady flows of viscous incompressible fluid. The method is based on implicit higher‐order upwind discretization of Navier–Stokes equations. The extension for unsteady simulation is considered by increasing artificial compressibility parameter or by using dual time stepping. Turbulence models are eddy‐viscosity SST model and explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model. Results for steady turbulent flow over confined backward‐facing step, unsteady laminar flow around circular cylinder and for unsteady turbulent free synthetic jet are presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consolidative involved field radiotherapy after high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case‐control study
Authors: Oehler‐Jänne Christoph , Taverna Christian , Stanek Nadine , Negretti Laura , Lütolf Urs M. , Ciernik Ilja F. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe role of involved field radiation therapy (IF‐RT) after high dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has not been conclusively defined. It has been hypothesized that HDC might obviate the need of consolidative IF‐RT. A retrospective matched‐pair analysis of patients undergoing HDC and ASCT with or without consolidative IF‐RT has been performed. Fifteen patients treated with IF‐RT after ASCT were compared with 15 patients without IF‐RT, identical for histology, stage and treatment response to HDC/ASCT as well as comparable for international prognostic index (IPI) score, age and gender. After a mean follow‐up time of 65 ± 45 months, none of the patients with consolidative IF‐RT following HDC and ASCT relapsed within the involved field compared to six patients without consolidative IF‐RT (IF‐failure risk at 5 years: 0% vs. 40%; p < 0.005). In most of the cases, local relapse was seen in patients with bulky disease. The 5‐year risk for loco‐regional failure was 7% after consolidative IF‐RT and 38% in patients without IF‐RT (p = 0.02) while the 5‐year risk for developing distant recurrences was similar in both groups (30% with IF‐RT vs. 35% non‐IF‐RT; p = 0.7). Overall survival at 5 years was similar with 79% (IF‐RT) and 65% (non‐IF‐RT), respectively (p = 0.2). Acute toxicity due to consolidative IF‐RT was mild in most cases and severe acute toxicity was noticed in only one patient (7%). Long‐term toxicities observed after IF‐RT were coronary artery disease, secondary malignancy unrelated to the RT‐field, angina abdominalis, hypothyroidism and teeth decay. Recurrence of NHL at sites of macroscopic disease remains common despite HDC. IF‐RT achieves excellent local regional control and consolidative IF‐RT after ASCT seems indicated, particularly in patients with bulky disease. In the absence of a prospective randomized trial and proven impact on survival rates, IF‐RT can be recommended as an option post‐ASCT to enhance local disease control. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological and antibacterial properties of plasma sprayed wollastonite coatings grafting gentamicin loaded collagen
Authors: Li Baoe , Liu Xuanyong , Cao Cong , Dong Yuqi , Wang Zheng , Ding Chuanxian 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this work, gentamicin loaded collagen was grafted on the surface of plasma sprayed wollastonite coatings to obtain an implant having excellent bioactivity and cytocompatibility as well as antibacterial property. The bioactivity and cytocompatibility of the wollastonite coatings grafting gentamicin loaded collagen were examined by simulated body fluid (SBF) soaking test and in vitro cell culture test. The release rate of gentamicin from collagen was measured using UV spectrophotometer in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) and the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was evaluated by zone of inhibition test and bacterial counting method. The results showed that a composite layer with collagen and silicon‐rich particles was formed on the surface of the coating after the graft of collagen. The grafted collagen layer mixed with silicon‐rich particles could induce the precipitation of apatite after soaking in SBF for 14 days and improved the cellular proliferation on wollastonite coatings. The release of gentamicin from the collagen layer sustained 11 days in PBS and effectively inhibited the growth of S. aureus. In conclusion, the wollastonite coating grafting gentamicin loaded collagen had excellent bioactivity and cytocompatibility as well as good antibacterial properties, which would be beneficial for the long term stability and surgical success rate of implants. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Rapid characterization of covalent modifications to rat brain mitochondrial proteins after ex vivo exposure to 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using data‐dependent and neutral loss‐driven MS3 acquisition
Authors: Stevens Stanley M. , Rauniyar Navin , Prokai Laszlo 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe modification of mitochondrial proteins enriched from rat forebrain by the major lipid peroxidation product 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (HNE) was investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and tandem mass spectrometry. Subcellular fractionation in conjunction with a ‘shotgun‐based’ approach that involved both conventional data‐dependent and neutral loss (NL)‐driven MS3 data acquisition on a hybrid linear ion trap‐Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (LTQ‐FT) was utilized. Using a relatively rapid linear HPLC gradient (1 h) for complex mixture analysis, 24 sites of HNE modification on 15 unique proteins were identified which corresponded exclusively to Michael adduct formation on histidine residues. Since a number of HNE‐modified peptides produced a predominant HNE NL fragment‐ion signal upon collision‐induced dissociation (CID), NL‐driven MS3 data‐dependent acquisition was a valuable method to enhance fragmentation information for these particular modified peptides. Of the 24 HNE modification sites identified, approximately 25% were determined from the MS3 spectra alone. We envision the reported methodology as an efficient screening approach for HNE modification site selectivity that could ultimately provide a foundation for the development of targeted schemes for the characterization of in vivo HNE‐protein adducts. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of chromatographic parameters on two silica‐based columns connected in series under nonaqueous reversed phase liquid chromatographic conditions
Authors: Smyrniotakis Constantinos G. , Archontaki Helen A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractEmpirical equations were produced to relate important chromatographic parameters on two silica‐based columns serially linked, in isocratic nonaqueous RP HPLC, to retention times and peak widths of the separated compounds on the individual columns. These equations were derived because the experimental data seemed to deviate from the values expected, applying basic chromatographic theoretical equations. The chromatographic parameters studied were retention time, peak width, resolution, number of theoretical plates, capacity factor, and separation factor. In addition, empirical linear relationships were produced for the estimation of the above mentioned parameters of the serial systems, in direct and reverse order, relating them to those obtained on each column, separately. The experimentally obtained values were in good agreement with those estimated by the derived equations.
Differential effects of black raspberry and strawberry extracts on BaPDE‐induced activation of transcription factors and their target genes
Authors: Li Jingxia , Zhang Dongyun , Stoner Gary D. , Huang Chuanshu 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe chemopreventive properties of edible berries have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, however, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying their anti‐cancer effects are largely unknown. Our previous studies have shown that a methanol extract fraction of freeze‐dried black raspberries inhibits benzoapyrene (BaP)‐induced transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells. This fraction also blocks activation of activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) and nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) induced by benzoapyrene diol‐epoxide (BaPDE) in mouse epidermal JB6 Cl 41 cells. To determine if different berry types exhibit specific mechanisms for their anti‐cancer effects, we compared the effects of extract fractions from both black raspberries and strawberries on BaPDE‐induced activation of various signaling pathways in Cl 41 cells. Black raspberry fractions inhibited the activation of AP‐1, NF‐κB, and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) by BaPDE as well as their upstream PI‐3K/Akt‐p70S6K and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways. In contrast, strawberry fractions inhibited NFAT activation, but did not inhibit the activation of AP‐1, NF‐κB or the PI‐3K/Akt‐p70S6K and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways. Consistent with the effects on NFAT activation, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) induction by BaPDE was blocked by extract fractions of both black raspberries and strawberries, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, which depends on AP‐1 activation, was suppressed by black raspberry fractions but not strawberry fractions. These results suggest that black raspberry and strawberry components may target different signaling pathways in exerting their anti‐carcinogenic effects. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flavan‐3‐ols: Nature, occurrence and biological activity
Authors: Aron Patricia M. , Kennedy James A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRepresenting the most common flavonoid consumed in the American diet, the flavan‐3‐ols and their polymeric condensation products, the proanthocyanidins, are regarded as functional ingredients in various beverages, whole and processed foods, herbal remedies and supplements. Their presence in food affects food quality parameters such as astringency, bitterness, sourness, sweetness, salivary viscosity, aroma, and color formation. The ability of flavan‐3‐ols to aid food functionality has also been established in terms of microbial stability, foamability, oxidative stability, and heat stability. While some foods only contain monomeric flavan‐3‐ols [(–)‐epicatechin predominates] and dimeric proanthocyanidins, most foods contain oligomers of degree of polymerization values ranging from 1–10 or greater than 10. Flavan‐3‐ols have been reported to exhibit several health beneficial effects by acting as antioxidant, anticarcinogen, cardiopreventive, antimicrobial, anti‐viral, and neuro‐protective agents. This review summarizes the distribution and health effects of these compounds.
Substituent effects on 13C chemical shifts of alkyl‐substituted 4‐oxo‐1,3‐dioxolanes and 5‐oxo‐1,3‐oxathiolanes
Authors: Pihlaja Kalevi , Rossi Kyllikki , Nurmi Timo 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe 13C NMR chemical shifts for 4‐oxo‐1,3‐dioxolane (1) and its all methyl‐substituted derivatives (2–10) as well as for 5‐oxo‐1,3‐oxathiolane (11) and its nine alkyl‐substituted derivatives (12–20) are reported. The magnitude and variety of the substituent effects are in accordance with the envelope conformations in which the oxygen or sulfur atom locates at the tip of the envelope as postulated on the basis of earlier data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical modelling of dynamic consolidation on granular soils
Authors: López‐Querol S. , Fernández‐Merodo J. A. , Mira P. , Pastor M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe application of Pastor–Zienkiewicz constitutive model for sands to dynamic consolidation problems is presented in this paper. This model is implemented in a coupled code formulated in terms of displacements for both solid and fluid phases (u−w formulation), which is firstly compared with u−pw formulation for some simple examples. Its range of validity, previously established for elastic problems and harmonic loading, is explored. Once the suitability of the u−w formulation has been ascertained for this kind of dynamic problems in soils, one‐ and two‐dimensional (plane strain) dynamic consolidation numerical examples are provided, aiming to give some light into the physics of this ground improvement technique. A ‘wave of dryness’, observed at the soil surface during the impact in field cases, is numerically reproduced and justified. Some hints on the influence of the loading zone size are also given. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of measured and simulated basis sets on metabolite concentration estimates
Authors: Cudalbu Cristina , Cavassila Sophie , Rabeson Herald , van Ormondt Dirk , Graveron‐Demilly Danielle 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBy quantification of brain metabolites, localized brain proton MRS can non‐invasively provide biochemical information from distinct regions of the brain. Quantification of short‐TE signals is usually based on a metabolite basis set. The basis set can be obtained by two approaches: (1) by measuring the signals of metabolites in aqueous solution; (2) by quantum‐mechanically simulating the theoretical metabolite signals. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of these two approaches on metabolite concentration estimates. Metabolite concentrations were quantified with the QUEST method, using both approaches. A comparison was performed with the aid of Monte Carlo studies, by using signals simulated from both basis sets. The best results were obtained when the basis set used for the fit was the same as that used to simulate the Monte Carlo signals. This comparison was also performed using in vivo short‐TE signals acquired at 7 T from the central region of rat brains. The concentration estimates, with confidence intervals, obtained using both basis sets were in good agreement with values from the literature. The in vivo study showed that, in general, the differences between the estimates obtained with the two basis sets were not statistically significant or scientifically important. Consequently, a simulated basis set can be used in place of a measured basis set. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wittrick–Williams algorithm proof of bracketing and convergence theorems for eigenvalues of constrained structures with positive and negative penalty parameters
Authors: Ilanko S. , Williams F. W. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe well‐established Wittrick–Williams algorithm is used to derive novel and general proofs that show that the eigenvalues of systems with constraints can be bracketed by replacing the constraints by positive and negative pairs of either ordinary or inertial penalty parameters. It is also shown that convergence occurs from both above and below when the numerical values of these parameters are increased towards infinity. The proofs are applicable in many contexts but are derived in that of structural systems, for which the eigenvalues are either buckling load factors or the squares of natural frequencies of vibration; ordinary penalty parameters are stiffnesses of translational and rotational springs; and inertial penalty parameters are either masses or rotary inertias. The penalty parameters can be used to constrain a system or to impose constraints between systems. It is shown that the use of inertial penalty parameters has several advantages compared with using ordinary ones. Then the pth eigenvalue of a system with n constraints is bounded closely from above by the (p+n)th eigenvalue of the system with very large positive inertial penalty parameters and from below by the pth eigenvalue, when large negative values are used instead. This work is expected to enhance the versatility of numerical eigenproblem methods, e.g. the Rayleigh–Ritz method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An explicit optimal intervention policy for a deterministic epidemic model
Authors: Piunovskiy Alexei B. , Clancy Damian 
Published: December 2007

AbstractOptimal policies involving the removal of susceptible individuals from the population at risk are derived for a deterministic epidemic model with a non‐standard infection rate function. Denoting by y the number of infective individuals and by x the number of susceptible individuals in the population, we replace the classical Kermack–McKendrick infection rate function βxy (for some constant β) with βxy/(x+y). This modified model has been studied by various previous authors, including derivation of an optimal policy when intervention consists of isolation of infective individuals from the susceptible population. For the less tractable situation when intervention consists of removal of susceptible individuals, we show that the optimal policy is to intervene with maximal effort when y⩾Ax with x, y>0, and not to intervene otherwise, for some constant A∈[0, ∞] whose value depends upon the parameters of the model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ALT‐associated promyelocytic leukaemia body (APB) detection as a reproducible tool to assess alternative lengthening of telomere stability in liposarcomas
Authors: Venturini L , Erdas R , Costa A , Gronchi A , Pilotti S , Zaffaroni N , Daidone MG 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMost cancers maintain telomeres by activating telomerase, but a significant minority, mainly of mesenchymal origin, utilize an alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism. We previously showed the presence of ALT, as detected by ALT‐associated promyelocytic leukaemia bodies (APBs) by combined promyelocytic leukaemia immunofluorescence and telomere fluorescence–in situ hybridization, in approximately 25% of frozen specimens obtained from adult patient liposarcomas and proved that ALT negatively affects patient prognosis. In the present study, we assessed the reproducibility of APB detection on frozen versus formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens from the same liposarcoma specimens and investigated the eventual stability of ALT in 103 different lesions from 40 adult patients followed during their disease. Irrespective of liposarcoma subtype, we (1) confirmed the presence of ALT in 21.4% of tumours; (2) demonstrated the reliability of ALT‐associated promyelocytic leukaemia body detection in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections (with qualitative concordance between matched frozen and formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded samples in 29/30 specimens, and high quantitative agreement, as indicated by a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.85); and (3) suggested the stability of ALT status during disease evolution, since the ALT mechanism was never acquired in the 29 patients with initially ALT‐negative lesions and lost over time in only two of 11 patients with initially ALT‐positive liposarcomas. In conclusion, these results confirm the possibility of investigating the ALT mechanism in archival specimens to obtain biologically relevant information on liposarcoma progression, even when the primary lesion is not available. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.