bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Improved Technique for Small‐Scale Radio‐Tracking of Crayfish and Benthic Fishes in Upland Streams
Authors: Broadhurst Ben , Ebner Brendan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study measured the accuracy of two radio‐tracking techniques: (1) triangulation using a Yagi antenna and (2) a form of direct location, the extended‐reach technique, which uses a small loop antenna attached to a lightweight 9‐m telescopic pole. The study was conducted in the Cotter River, an upland stream in the Australian Capital Territory. Radio tags were positioned instream to determine whether depth, substrate, or local bank profile affected radio‐tracking accuracy. The extended‐reach technique was more accurate (mean error ± SE = 1.00 ± 0.21 m) than triangulation (2.57 ± 0.21 m). Decreased accuracy resulted from the triangulation of radio tags positioned close to boulders or in water more than 1 m deep. These variables had no effect on the accuracy of the extended‐reach technique. The presence or absence of a steep rocky bank did not affect the accuracy of either radio‐tracking method. The increased accuracy of the extended‐reach technique provides an improvement over traditional methods for studying the small‐scale movement and microhabitat use of crayfishes (e.g., Eustacus spp.) and benthic fishes in upland streams.
Engrafting fetal liver cells into multiple tissues of healthy adult mice without the use of immunosuppressants
Authors: Darinskas Adas , Gasparaviciute Renata , Malisauskas Mantas , Wilhelm Kristina , Kozhevnikov Jurij , Liutkevicius Evaldas , Pilinkiene Audrone , Morozova-Roche Ludmilla 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have shown the fetal liver cell engraftments into multiple tissues of adult healthy mice, achieved without suppressing the animals’ immune systems. Fetal cells from the livers of male C57Bl/6J Black lineage mice at day 13 to 15 of gestation were injected intravenously into female adult CC57W/MY White mice. The grafting was evaluated by Y-chromosome-specific PCR, cytometric analysis of fluorescently stained donor cells, and histological analysis. All the methods consistently showed the presence of multiple engraftments randomly distributed through the various organs of the recipients. After 60 days, the grafts still constituted 0.1 to 2.75% of the tissues. The grafted cells did not change their appearance in any of the organs except the brain, where they became enlarged. Inflammatory reactions were not detected in any of the histological preparations. The frequency of engraftments was higher in the liver, indicating that similarity between the donor and recipient cells facilitates engraftment. The high inherent plasticity of fetal liver cells underlies their ability to integrate into healthy recipient organs, which can be governed by environmental conditions and connections with neighboring cells rather than by the initial cellular developmental programs. The fact that fetal liver cells can be grafted into multiple tissues of healthy animals indicates that they can be used to replace the natural loss of cells in adult organisms.
The effect of growth medium on the antioxidant defense of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Macierzyńska Ewa , Grzelak Agnieszka , Bartosz Grzegorz 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe compared the oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123, glutathione contents and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase for three wild-type strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown on media with different carbon sources. The rate of oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 was much higher in respiring cells grown on ethanol or glycerol media than in fermenting cells grown on glucose medium. The total SOD activity was highest on glycerol medium and lowest on ethanol medium, while the catalase activity was highest on glycerol medium. The sequence of glutathione content values was: glucose > ethanol > glycerol.
Tree and forest characteristics influence sleeping site choice by golden lion tamarins
Authors: Hankerson Sarah J. , Franklin Samuel P. , Dietz James M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLion tamarin monkeys are among a small number of primates that repeatedly use a few tree holes for the majority of their sleeping sites. To better understand why lion tamarins rely on tree holes as sleeping sites, we compared the physical characteristics of frequently used sleeping sites, infrequently used sleeping sites, and randomly selected forest locations at multiple spatial scales. From 1990 to 2004, we recorded 5,235 occurrences of sleeping site use by 10 groups of golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia) in Poço das Antas Reserve, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Of those, 63.6% were tree holes. Bamboo accounted for an additional 17.5% of observations. Frequently used tree holes were more likely to be found in living trees and their entrances were at lower canopy heights than infrequently used tree holes. We also found that frequently used sleeping sites, in comparison to random sites, were more likely to be found on hillsides, be close to other large trees, have a lower percent of canopy cover, and have larger diameter at breast height. Topography and small‐scale variables were more accurate than were habitat‐level classifications in predicting frequently used sleeping sites. There are ample tree holes available to these lion tamarins but few preferred sites to which they return repeatedly. The lion tamarins find these preferred sites wherever they occur including in mature forest and in relics of older forest embedded in a matrix of secondary forest. Am. J. Primatol. 69:976–988, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of the vervet (Clorocebus aethiops) as a model for the assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Sparman Michelle L. , Ramsey Cathy M. , Thomas Carrie M. , Mitalipov Shoukhrat M. , Fanton John W. , Maginnis Gwen M. , Stouffer Richard L. , Wolf Don P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe vervet monkey was evaluated as a primate model for use in assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Eight adult female vervets were hormonally monitored for their potential use as egg donors and those six females displaying regular menstrual cycles were subjected to controlled ovarian stimulation with recombinant human gonadotropins. Three animals failed to respond while laparoscopic follicular aspiration was performed on the other three females at 27–30 h post‐human chorionic gonadotropin administration. A total of 62, 40, and 18 oocytes was recovered from these three animals of which 30, 20, and 4, respectively, matured to the metaphase II stage and were subsequently inseminated using intracytoplasmic sperm injection. An average of 40±15% (SEM) of the inseminated oocytes were fertilized based on pronucleus formation and timely cleavage. One embryo from each of the two stimulated females developed into expanded blastocysts. Two adult male vervets were assessed as sperm donors. Neither adjusted well to the restraint and collection procedure required for penile electroejaculation. Samples collected via rectal electroejaculation were very low in sperm motility and concentration; however, cauda epididymal aspirations from one male yielded an adequate concentration of motile sperm. These results emphasize the need to establish species‐specific ovarian stimulation protocols and semen collection techniques if vervets are to be considered for basic and applied (ARTs) research on primate gametes or embryos. Am. J. Primatol. 69:917–929, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vegetative predictors of primate abundance: utility and limitations of a fine‐scale analysis
Authors: Rovero Francesco , Struhsaker Thomas T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDetermining ecological predictors of primate abundance is important for both theoretical and applied conservation management. For forest primates, research has focused on comparisons of primate abundance and vegetation in different forest blocks or forest compartments with different management histories. However, great variation in primate abundance often occurs within single forests, especially in mountainous areas or in areas with habitat mosaics due to past disturbance. Here we assess, for the first time, the usefulness and limitations of small‐scale, within‐transect analysis of vegetative parameters as predictors of primate abundance in a very heterogeneous forest habitat in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. Relative abundance of four species of diurnal primates was recorded over a period of 2.5 years by walking three census transects 48 times each. Tree size, density, species composition, and food plants were measured along the same census lines. The fine‐scale relationship between primate abundance and vegetative variables was analyzed through generalized linear modeling applied to 58 segments of these three census lines. Each segment was 200 m in length. For all four primate species, we found significant associations between their abundance and selected vegetative variables. The abundance of the endemic and endangered Udzungwa red colobus Procolobus gordonorum was positively related to mean basal area of large trees (diameter at breast height greater than 20 cm) and to the species richness of their food plants. Considering the very great variation in primate abundance that was recorded among segments of the census lines, our approach proved useful in predicting the relationship between primate abundance and small‐scale habitat differences. The main limitation of this study, however, was the relatively low‐predictive power of the models for some species, especially the Angolan colobus Colobus angolensis. We discuss the potential reasons for this problem and suggest possible improvements for future studies. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1242–1256, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do chimpanzees build comfortable nests?
Authors: Stewart Fiona A. , Pruetz Jill D. , Hansell Mike H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNests built by wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) were studied at the Fongoli research site in southeastern Senegal from January 2004–May 2004 to investigate the role of comfort in nest building behavior by relating measures of nest comfort and building effort. Nest comfort across zones of the nest surface were compared with construction effort for 25 nests. Several variables of nest comfort were assessed: (1) physical discomfort, (2) visible discomfort, and (3) softness. Physical discomfort was used as a representative measure of nest discomfort. Building effort was measured by (1) construction force, (2) complexity, and (3) added material. Spearman rank correlations compared Effort and Comfort measures for both whole nests and central versus edge zones. The results show that construction force and complexity do not influence comfort of the nest as a whole. Greater Construction force correlates with more nest edge discomfort, yet the central area shows no difference. More complex nests do result in a more comfortable central area in the nest. Nests built with greater force may result in more discomfort, whereas complexity may allow chimpanzees to maintain comfort in a central area for sleep. Chimpanzees may place additional leaves or twigs over hard branches, protruding from the nest surface after construction, to increase comfort of the central nest area. Functions of chimpanzee nest building are likely to be several, but these results suggest comfort is a factor in nest building behavior. Am. J. Primatol. 69:930–939, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in cortical excitability differentiate generalized and focal epilepsy
Authors: Badawy Radwa A. B. , Curatolo Josie M. , Newton Mark , Berkovic Samuel F. , Macdonell Richard A. L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveDifferent pathophysiological mechanisms related to the balance of cortical excitatory and inhibitory influences may underlie focal and generalized epilepsies. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation to search for interictal excitability differences between patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) and focal epilepsy.MethodsSixty‐two drug‐naive patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy (35 IGE, 27 focal epilepsy) were studied. In the latter group, the seizure focus was not located in the motor cortex. Motor threshold at rest, cortical silent period threshold, recovery curve analysis using paired‐pulse stimulation at a number of interstimulus intervals), and cortical silent period were determined. Results were compared with those of 29 control subjects.ResultsHyperexcitability was noted in the recovery curves at a number of interstimulus intervals in both hemispheres in patients with IGE and in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the seizure focus in those with focal epilepsy compared with control subjects and the contralateral hemisphere in focal epilepsy. Motor threshold and cortical silent period threshold were higher in the ipsilateral hemisphere in focal epilepsy compared with the contralateral hemisphere. No other intragroup or intergroup differences were found in the other measures.InterpretationThe disturbance of cortical excitatory/inhibitory function was found to be bilateral in IGE, whereas in focal epilepsy it spread beyond the epileptic focus but remained lateralized. This finding confirms that there are differences in cortical pathophysiology comparing the two major types of epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2007
Multiyear ground‐based and satellite observations of aerosol properties over a tropical urban area in India
Authors: Badarinath K. V. S. , Kharol Shailesh Kumar , Latha K. Madhavi , Chand T. R. Kiran , Prasad V. Krishna , Jyothsna A. Nirmala , Samatha K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAerosol particle size distributions along with their spatial and temporal variability are important for describing both direct and indirect radiative forcing. In this study, the variation of black carbon (BC) aerosols, total aerosol mass loading and aerosol optical depth (AOD) over an urban region of Hyderabad, south India, was analyzed for 3 consecutive years from 2003 to 2005. The AOD was measured using a handheld multichannel sun‐photometer at six wavelengths centered on 380, 440, 500, 675, 870 and 1020 nm and aerosol mass–size distribution was made using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) cascade impactor. In addition, satellite remote‐sensing data from nighttime DMSP‐OLS images were analyzed for inferring ancillary sources of aerosols. Results from temporal analysis (2004–2006) suggest that aerosol mass loading and BC mass concentration increased considerably over the 3‐year time‐period mainly due to increasing vehicular traffic from urban population growth. DMSP‐OLS nighttime images for different years suggested higher forest fire occurrences in the year 2004 compared to other years. The annual mean AOD at 550 nm from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) showed relatively high values during 2004. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
A Nonparametric Procedure for the Two‐Factor Mixed Model with Missing Data
Authors: Gao Xin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe develop a nonparametric imputation technique to test for the treatment effects in a nonparametric two‐factor mixed model with incomplete data. Within each block, an arbitrary covariance structure of the repeated measurements is assumed without the explicit parametrization of the joint multivariate distribution. The number of repeated measurements is uniformly bounded whereas the number of blocks tends to infinity. The essential idea of the nonparametric imputation is to replace the unknown indicator functions of pairwise comparisons by the corresponding empirical distribution functions. The proposed nonparametric imputation method holds valid under the missing completely at random (MCAR) mechanism. We apply the nonparametric imputation on Brunner and Dette's method for the nonparametric two‐factor mixed model and this extension results in a weighted partial rank transform statistic. Asymptotic relative efficiency of the nonparametric imputation method with the complete data versus the incomplete data is derived to quantify the efficiency loss due to the missing data. Monte Carlo simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the validity and power of the proposed method in comparison with other existing methods. A migraine severity score data set is analyzed to demonstrate the application of the proposed method in the analysis of missing data. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Partial Likelihood Approach to Smooth Estimation of Dynamic Covariate Effects using Penalised Splines
Authors: Brown Denise , Kauermann Göran , Ford Ian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSurvival data are often modelled by the Cox proportional hazards model, which assumes that covariate effects are constant over time. In recent years however, several new approaches have been suggested which allow covariate effects to vary with time. Non‐proportional hazard functions, with covariate effects changing dynamically, can be fitted using penalised spline (P‐spline) smoothing. By utilising the link betweenP‐spline smoothing and generalised linear mixed models, the smoothing parameters steering the amount of smoothing can be selected. A hybrid routine, combining the mixed model approach with a classical Akaike criterion, is suggested. This approach is evaluated with simulations and applied to data from the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improved Procedures for Estimation of Disease Prevalence Using Ranked Set Sampling
Authors: Chen Haiying , Stasny Elizabeth A. , Wolfe Douglas A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRanked set sampling (RSS) is a sampling procedure that can be considerably more efcient than simple random sampling (SRS). When the variable of interest is binary, ranking of the sample observations can be implemented using the estimated probabilities of success obtained from a logistic regression model developed for the binary variable. The main objective of this study is to use substantial data sets to investigate the application of RSS to estimation of a proportion for a population that is different from the one that provides the logistic regression. Our results indicate that precision in estimation of a population proportion is improved through the use of logistic regression to carry out the RSS ranking and, hence, the sample size required to achieve a desired precision is reduced. Further, the choice and the distribution of covariates in the logistic regression model are not overly crucial for the performance of a balanced RSS procedure. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cluster Pattern Detection in Spatial Data Based on Monte Carlo Inference
Authors: Stoica Radu Stefan , Gay Emilie , Kretzschmar André 
Published: March 2007

AbstractClusters in a data point field exhibit spatially specified regions in the observation window. The method proposed in this paper addresses the cluster detection problem from the perspective of detection of these spatial regions. These regions are supposed to be formed of overlapping random disks driven by a marked point process. The distribution of such a process has two components. The first is related to the location of the disks in the field of observation and is defined as an inhomogeneous Poisson process. The second one is related to the interaction between disks and is constructed by the superposition of an area‐interaction and a pairwise interaction processes. The model is applied on spatial data coming from animal epidemiology. The proposed method tackles several aspects related to cluster pattern detection: heterogeneity of data, smoothing effects, statistical descriptors, probability of cluster presence, testing for the cluster presence. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of tanshinone IIA tissue distribution in rat by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method
Authors: Bi Hui‐chang , Law Francis C.P. , Zhong Guo‐ping , Xu Chen‐shu , Pan Ying , Ding Liang , Chen Xiao , Zhao Li‐zi , Xu Qiong , Huang Min 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for determining tanshinone IIA in rat tissues. After a single step liquid–liquid extraction with diethyl ether, tanshinone IIA and loratadine (internal standard) was subjected to LC/MS/MS analysis using positive electro‐spray ionization under selected reaction monitoring mode. Chromatographic separation of tanshinone IIA and loratadine was achieved on a Hypersil BDS C18 column (i.d. 2.1 × 50 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol–1% formic acid (90:10, v/v) at a flow rate of 300 µL/min. The intra‐day and inter‐day precision of the method were less than 10.2 and 12.4%, respectively. The intra‐day and inter‐day accuracies ranged from 99.7 to 109.7%. The lowest limit of quantification for tanshinone IIA was 1 ng/mL. The method was applied to a tanshinone IIA tissue distribution study after an oral dose of 60 mg/kg to rats. Tanshinone IIA tissue concentrations decreased in the order of stomach > small intestine > lung > liver > fat > muscle > kidneys > spleen > heart > plasma > brain > testes. Tanshinone IIA still could be detected in most of the tissues at 20 h post‐dosing. These results indicate that the LC/MS/MS method was rapid and sensitive to quantify tanshinone IIA in different rat tissues. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transport behavior and efflux of Rg1 in rat pulmonary epithelial cells
Authors: Meng Zhen , Zhang Hongyin , Zhao Yunan , Lan Jiaqi , Du Lijun 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether ginsenoside Rg1 could be transported into rat pulmonary epithelial cells and its transport behavior and efflux through the cells. A high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with 2487 UV–vis detector at 203 nm was applied. The mobile phase was 0.05% phosphate–acetonitrile (75:25, v/v). Cells were incubated with Rg1 (100 µg/mL) for a specific time, then lysed and sonicated in methanol to extract intracellular Rg1. Cells incubated with Rg1 and verapamil or KCN were processed by the same method. A 20 µL aliquot of sample was injected into the HPLC system to determine Rg1 concentration. The results showed that Rg1 could be transported into the epithelial cells with peak concentration of 1.28 µg/105 cells at 0.5 h. Metabolic inhibitor KCN and P‐glycoprotein inhibitor verapamil could increase Rg1 concentration within the cells, indicating that efflux of Rg1 was energy‐dependent and P‐gp was likely to be involved. This is the first time that the transport behavior and efflux of Rg1 through rat pulmonary epithelial cells has been demonstrated. The phenomenon that Rg1 concentration in the cells decreased whereas that in the medium remained high indicated that a more effective means of drug administration should be found. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal Structure of the TbTe1.8 Compound.
Authors: Gulay L. D. , Stepien‐Damm J. , Daszkiewicz M. , Pietraszko A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure, Transport and Magnetic Properties of MgNi3B2.
Authors: Manfrinetti P. , Pani M. , Dhar S. K. , Kulkarni R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Stable Decagonal Quasicrystal in the System Al—Ir—Os.
Authors: Katrych S. , Weber Th. , Kobas M. , Massueger L. , Palatinus L. , Chapuis G. , Steurer W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.