bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of water exercise on physical functioning in older people
Authors: Lord Stephen R , Matters Beth , St George Rebecca , Thomas Margaret , Bindon Jeni , Chan Daniel KamYin , Collings Anne , Haren Loraine 
Published: January 2006

Objective:  To determine whether a 22 week water exercise program can improve physical functioning in older people. Methods:  The controlled study was conducted with 85 water exercise subjects (mean age 71.8 years) and 44 controls (mean age 76.5 years). The outcome measures were leaning balance, quadriceps strength, reaction time and shoulder range of motion. Results:  At baseline, the groups were well‐matched across most demographic, health and physical performance measures. At retest, the 48 exercise subjects who were available for retest showed significantly improved leaning balance (as measured by tests of maximal balance range and coordinated stability) and shoulder range of motion compared with the controls. The groups did not differ in tests of quadriceps strength and reaction time.Conclusions:  These findings show that water exercise can produce benefits with regard to improving balance and flexibility in older people.
Promoting healthy ageing for those over 65 with the health check log: a pilot study
Authors: Sheriff June N , Chenoweth Lynn 
Published: January 2006

Objectives:  To determine the effectiveness of the health check log (HCL) in promoting health awareness, health monitoring skills and timely consultation with health professionals for persons aged 65 years and over. Methods:  Thirty‐five men and women aged 65 years and over volunteered to record the HCL for 12 months, participated in regular telephone interviews to discuss recordings and attended focus group discussions at the conclusion of the pilot. Results:  The HCL raised participants’ awareness of less tangible aspects of health, revealed gaps in their health knowledge base, improved self‐assessment and prompted consultation for several physiological and a few psychosocial health concerns. Conclusion:  When follow‐up support was provided, the HCL proved to be a useful health promotion activity for participants aged 65 years and over.
Predicting Liana Crown Location from Stem Diameter in Three Panamanian Lowland Forests1
Authors: Kurzel Brian P. , Schnitzer Stefan A. , Carson Walter P. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTIn three forests that differed in annual rainfall and seasonality, the probability of a liana with a stem ≥2.0 cm stem diameter reaching the canopy was >50 percent. Lianas reached the canopy at significantly smaller size‐classes (1.5 cm) in the wet aseasonal forest, suggesting that this estimate changes with forest type. Nevertheless, as a general rule, we suggest that 2.0 cm is the minium stem diameter to examine the abundance and diversity of canopy lianas or canopy competition between lianas and trees.
MoMM — FAST INTERREDUCTION AND RETRIEVAL IN LARGE LIBRARIES OF FORMALIZED MATHEMATICS
Authors: URBAN JOSEF 
Published: January 2006

MoMM (in the narrower sense) is a tool allowing fast interreduction of a high number of clauses, dumping and fast-loading of the interreduced clause sets, and their use for real-time retrieval of matching clauses in an interactive mode. MoMM's main task is now providing these services for the world's largest body of formalized mathematics — the Mizar Mathematical Library (MML), which uses a richer formalism than just pure predicate logic. This task leads to a number of features (strength, speed, memory efficiency, dealing with the richer Mizar logic, etc.) required from MoMM, and we describe the choices taken in its implementation corresponding to these requirements. An important part of MoMM (in the wider sense) are the tools exporting the richer logic of MML into the clause-like format suitable for fast interreduction, and the tools allowing the use of MoMM as an interactive advisor for the authors of Mizar articles. These tools and choices taken in their implementation are also described here. Next we present some results of the interreduction of MML, which provide an interesting information about subsumption and repetition in the MML and can be used for its refactoring. This interreduction reveals that more than 2 percent of the main MML theorems are subsumed by others, and that for more than 50 percent of the internal lemmas proved by Mizar authors MoMM can provide useful advice for their justification. Finally some problems and possible future work are discussed.
Defining Molecular Profiles of Poor Outcome in Patients With Invasive Bladder Cancer Using Oligonucleotide Microarrays
Authors: Sanchez-Carbayo Marta , Socci Nicholas D. , Lozano Juanjo , Saint Fabien , Cordon-Cardo Carlos 
Published: January 2006

Purpose Bladder cancer is a common malignancy characterized by a poor clinical outcome when tumors progress into invasive disease. We sought to define genetic signatures characteristic of aggressive clinical behavior in advanced bladder tumors. Methods Oligonucleotide arrays were utilized to analyze the transcript profiles of 105 bladder tumors: 33 superficial, 72 invasive lesions, and 52 normal urothelium. Hierarchical clustering and supervised algorithms were used to classify and stratify bladder tumors on the basis of stage, node metastases, and overall survival. Immunohistochemical analyses on bladder cancer tissue arrays (n = 294 cases) served to validate associations between marker expression, staging and outcome. Results Hierarchical clustering classified normal urothelium, superficial, and invasive tumors with 82.2% accuracy, and stratified bladder tumors on the basis of clinical outcome. Predictive algorithms rendered an 89%-correct rate for tumor staging using genes differentially expressed between superficial and invasive tumors. Accuracies of 82% and 90% were obtained for predicting overall survival when considering all patients with bladder cancer or only patients with invasive disease, respectively. A genetic profile consisting of 174 probes was identified in those patients with positive lymph nodes and poor survival. Two independent Global Test runs confirmed the robust association of this profile with lymph node metastases (P = 7.3–13) and overall survival (P = 1.9–14) simultaneously. Immunohistochemical analyses on tissue arrays sustained the significant association of synuclein with tumor staging and clinical outcome (P = .002). Conclusion Gene profiling provides a genomic-based classification scheme of diagnostic and prognostic utility for stratifying advanced bladder cancer. Identification of this poor outcome profile could assist in selecting patients who may benefit from more aggressive therapeutic intervention.
Morphometric analysis of acetabular dysplasia in cerebral palsy
Authors: Chung C. Y. , Park M. S. , Choi I. H. , Cho T.-J. , Yoo W. J. , Lee K. M. 
Published: January 2006

We carried out a morphometric analysis of acetabular dysplasia in patients with cerebral palsy requiring hip surgery using three-dimensional CT. We evaluated 54 hips in 27 patients. The contralateral normal hips of ten patients with unilateral Perthes’ disease were used as a control group. The acetabular defects were assessed qualitatively as anterior, posterior or global. Quantitative assessments were made using three-directional acetabular indices (anterosuperior, superolateral and posterosuperior) and measured by multiplanar reformation, from which we calculated the acetabular volume. In the qualitative study, posterior defects were most common in the subluxation group whereas global defects predominated in the dislocation group. In the quantitative study, all acetabular indices in both the subluxation and dislocation groups were higher than those in the control group and the superolateral indices showed a tendency to elevation in the dislocation group. The acetabular volume was largest in the control group, smallest in the dislocation group, and intermediate between the two in the subluxation group.
The premature failure of the Charnley Elite-Plus stem
Authors: Hauptfleisch J. , Glyn-Jones S. , Beard D. J. , Gill H. S. , Murray D. W. 
Published: January 2006

We performed a clinical and radiological study to determine the rate of failure of the Charnley Elite-Plus femoral component. Our aim was to confirm or refute the predictions of a previous roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis study in which 20% of the Charnley Elite-Plus stems had shown rapid posterior head migration. It was predicted that this device would have a high early rate of failure. We examined 118 patients at a mean of nine years after hip replacement, including the 19 patients from the original roentgen stereophotogrammetric study. The number of revision procedures was recorded and clinical and radiological examinations were performed. The rate of survival of the femoral stems at ten years was 83% when revision alone was considered to be a failure. It decreased to 59% when a radiologically loose stem was also considered to be a failure. All the patients previously shown in the roentgen stereophotogrammetric study to have high posterior head migration went on to failure. There was a highly significant difference (p = 0.002) in posterior head migration measured at two years after operation between failed and non-failed femoral stems, but there was no significant difference in subsidence between these two groups. Our study has shown that the Charnley Elite-Plus femoral component has an unacceptably high rate of failure. It confirms that early evaluation of new components is important and that roentgen stereophotogrammetric is a good tool for this. Our findings have also shown that rapid posterior head migration is predictive of premature loosening and a better predictor than subsidence.
Ankle arthrodesis and its relationship to ipsilateral arthritis of the hind- and mid-foot
Authors: Sheridan B. D. , Robinson D. E. , Hubble M. J. W. , Winson I. G. 
Published: January 2006

It has been suggested that arthrodesis of the ankle leads to osteoarthritis of the joints of the ipsilateral hind- and midfoot. We believe these studies overlooked the presence of osteoarthritic changes in these joints before the arthrodesis. We reviewed the pre-operative radiographs of 70 patients with osteoarthritis of the ankle who underwent 71 ankle arthrodeses (one was bilateral). The talonavicular, calcaneocuboid, subtalar and naviculocuneiform joints were given an osteoarthritis score according to Kellgren and Lawrence. The mean age at operation was 54.9 years and the most common indication was for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (52 cases). A total of 68 patients showed pre-existing arthritis in either the hind- or mid-foot, with the subtalar joint the most commonly affected. Ipsilateral hind- and mid-foot arthritis is almost universally present in patients with arthritis of the ankle requiring arthrodesis. The presence of such changes may not be a consequence of this arthrodesis.
Hands-on robotic unicompartmental knee replacement
Authors: Cobb J. , Henckel J. , Gomes P. , Harris S. , Jakopec M. , Rodriguez F. , Barrett A. , Davies B. 
Published: January 2006

We performed a prospective, randomised controlled trial of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty comparing the performance of the Acrobot system with conventional surgery. A total of 27 patients (28 knees) awaiting unicompartmental knee arthroplasty were randomly allocated to have the operation performed conventionally or with the assistance of the Acrobot. The primary outcome measurement was the angle of tibiofemoral alignment in the coronal plane, measured by CT. Other secondary parameters were evaluated and are reported. All of the Acrobot group had tibiofemoral alignment in the coronal plane within 2° of the planned position, while only 40% of the conventional group achieved this level of accuracy. While the operations took longer, no adverse effects were noted, and there was a trend towards improvement in performance with increasing accuracy based on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and American Knee Society scores at six weeks and three months. The Acrobot device allows the surgeon to reproduce a pre-operative plan more reliably than is possible using conventional techniques which may have clinical advantages.
The effect of fixation and location on the stability of the markers in navigated total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Mayr E. , de la Barrera J.-L. Moctezuma , Eller G. , Bach C. , Nogler M. 
Published: January 2006

In navigated total hip arthroplasty, the pelvis and the femur are tracked by means of rigid bodies fixed directly to the bones. Exact tracking throughout the procedure requires that the connection between the marker and bone remains stable in terms of translation and rotation. We carried out a cadaver study to compare the intra-operative stability of markers consisting of an anchoring screw with a rotational stabiliser and of pairs of pins and wires of different diameters connected with clamps. These devices were tested at different locations in the femur. Three human cadavers were placed supine on an operating table, with a reference marker positioned in the area of the greater trochanter. K-wires (3.2 mm), Steinman pins (3 and 4 mm), Apex pins (3 and 4 mm), and a standard screw were used as fixation devices. They were positioned medially in the proximal third of the femur, ventrally in the middle third and laterally in the distal portion. In six different positions of the leg, the spatial positions were recorded with a navigation system. Compared with the standard single screw, with the exception of the 3 mm Apex pins, the two-pin systems were associated with less movement of the marker and could be inserted less invasively. With the knee flexed to 90° and the dislocated hip rotated externally until the lower leg was parallel to the table (figure-four position), all the anchoring devices showed substantial deflection of 1.5° to 2.5°. The most secure area for anchoring markers was the lateral aspect of the femur.
A Statistical Method to Assess the Reliability of Cleanness Measurements for High Quality Bearing Steels
Authors: Hénault E 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
During the past decade, greatly increased in-service demands on finished products such as gears, bearings, and springs have inspired a wish by steel makers to guarantee the highest level of cleanness in their steels. In order to achieve this, it has been necessary to develop methods of characterization of cleanness which can describe all the nonmetallic inclusion populations endogenous and exogenous contained in the steel. These methods are essentially based on quantitative metallography and ultrasonic tests. Statistical tools have also been developed to maximize the accuracy of measurements in relation to the time taken to make them, and to answer the key question: What is the minimum analyzed volume for which a measurement can be expected to yield a reliable estimate of a specific in-service property? For quantitative metallographic methods, smaller inclusion densities necessitate an increase in the surface area analyzed, and the study of a larger surface is time consuming. Extreme value analysis is a further method for prediction of the expected size of the largest inclusion in a volume. Often, however, the amount of material examined is not sufficient to assess the quality of the heat with complete certainty. Other tools that have been developed utilize high frequency ultrasonic tests over a frequency range from 10 to 100 MHz, which make it possible to detect inclusions with diameters ranging from 15 µm to 1 mm. In all cases, in order to obtain accurate estimates of the densities of nonmetallic inclusions, it is important to know the appropriate settings for the measurement method. In particular, it is very important to estimate the diagnosis error when we rate a product on the basis of measurements. For each of these inspection techniques, statistical models have been developed to assess the main statistical properties of the methods. The results are reported here. They give a basis for comparison of steel heats that takes account of knowledge of the confidence level of the various measurement methods.
The requisite path to community policing
Authors: Watson Elizabeth M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis paper describes the author's recent six‐year experience of collaborating with Elliott Jaques in an examination of community policing. It describes how they met, some of the things she learned from him, the findings of the research, and why his work holds such potential for enhancing the effectiveness of policing in democratic societies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Memories of Dr Elliott Jaques
Authors: King Pearl 
Published: January 2006

AbstractElliott Jaques studied medicine, and later became a major in the Canadian Army. He acted as a liaison offier with the Psychiatric Division of the British Army under Brigadier JR Rees, and in this role he made contact with psychoanalysts who worked in the British Army. Several of these officers, along with Jaques and myself, trained as psychoanalysts. Jaques was one of the founder members of the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations. In 1961 Jaques was elected as Scientific Secretary of the British Psychoanalytic Society. In 1965 he was appointed Professor and Head of the School of Social Sciences at Brunel University. In 1967 he asked me to work as a part‐time senior lecturer in the School. Jaques was a prolific writer and became known to organizations world‐wide. He was a consultant to a number of institutions, and later to governments, including the Pentagon. In 1980 he left London for the USA. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Who was Elliott Jaques?
Authors: Kirsner Douglas 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDouglas Kirsner traces his own collaboration with Elliott Jaques to explain the trajectory of Elliott's life and work, in particular his overall goals of understanding individuals and their social and biological contexts. He describes Elliott's approach as ranging across many disciplines and explores why, given its value, his work has been has been taken up relatively little by others. Kirsner describes who Elliott was and how he approached his stratified systems theory, requisite organization, work. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Einfluss der flüssigen Phase auf Detonationen im zweiphasigen System Methanol/Sauerstoff
Authors: Dengel J. , Hieronymus H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractUntersucht werden Detonationen im zweiphasigen System, bestehend aus flüssigem Methanol und gasförmigen Sauerstoff. Bei Detonationen in zweiphasigen Systemen treten im Vergleich zu Gasdetonationen außerordentlich hohe Druckerhöhungsfaktoren auf. Eine sicherheitstechnische Bewertung solcher zweiphasigen Systeme wird dadurch erschwert, dass die von Gasexplosionen bekannten sicherheitstechnischen Kenngrößen, beispielsweise die Explosionsgrenzen, nicht unmittelbar auf zweiphasige Systeme zu übertragen sind. So haben diese Systeme bei bestimmten Prozessparametern die Eigenschaft, dass Detonationen auch dann auftreten können, wenn die Gasphase, bestehend aus dem Oxidationsmittel und dem Lösemitteldampf, nicht explosionsfähig ist. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass zweiphasige Systeme höhere Risiken als detonationsfähige Mischungen in der reinen Gasphase aufweisen.
Untersuchung des Verweilzeitverhaltens eines autothermen Vergasungsreaktors bei Drücken bis 70 bar(Ü)
Authors: Zeißler R. , Meyer B. , Seifert P. , Heinzel A. , Jentsch T. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDie Hochdrucksynthesegaserzeugung ist eine Schlüsseltechnologie für zukunftsorientierte Energiekonzepte großer Leistung. In dem gemeinsam mit Lurgi vorangebrachten HP‐POX‐Projekt der TU Bergakademie Freiberg sollen Möglichkeiten zur Leistungssteigerung und zur Modellierung einer neuen Vergasergeneration mit Drücken bis 100 bar(Ü) untersucht werden. Strömungstechnische Informationen über diesen messtechnisch schwer zugänglichen Reaktor sind für Modellierungsaufgaben unerlässlich. Es werden Verweilzeitmessungen an dem 5‐MW‐Vergaser bei Drücken von 30 bis 70 bar(Ü) durchgeführt. Es wird gezeigt, dass das Strömungsprofil des Reaktors als eine Schaltung von Idealreaktoren abgebildet werden kann. Dies eröffnet Möglichkeiten, die Modelle für gekoppelte Strömungs‐ und Reaktionsprozesse mit dem tatsächlichen Verweilzeitverhalten abzugleichen.
Untersuchungen an einer Filterschneckenpresse für feindispers mineralische Schlämme
Authors: Dong D. , Schlegel D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDas Konzept einer Filterschneckenpresse für Suspensionen von feindispers mineralischen Teilchen mit Teilchengrößen im μm‐Bereich, z. B. für einen feinkeramischen Schlicker in Wasser, wird in einer Pilotanlage getestet. Dauerversuche zeigen, dass Abrieb und Verstopfungen beherrschbar sind und dass der flächenspezifische Filtratfluss wesentlich größer ist als in einer Kammerfilterpresse. Die Bedingungen für ein optimales Steuer‐ und Regelverhalten werden ermittelt. Mit Modellannahmen werden die gekoppelten Vorgänge von Flüssigkeitsabtrennung und Druckaufbau in der Filterschneckenpresse durch numerische Rechnung simuliert. Rechen‐ und Messergebnisse stimmen für das feinkeramische Material in der Pilotanlage gut überein.
Strukturierung von Oberflächen mit Hilfe polymerer Stempelstrukturen
Authors: Winzer B. , Peukert W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractOberflächen, die hinsichtlich der Benetzungseigenschaften über Microcontact‐Printing vorstrukturiert sind, können in weiteren Experimenten zur geordneten Anlagerung von verschiedensten kolloidalen Partikeln eingesetzt werden. Bei entsprechender Wahl der Stabilitätsbedingungen in der Lösung, der Partikelkonzentration und der Trocknungsbedingungen des Films erhält man geordnete Strukturen von Mikro‐ und Nanopartikeln auf lokal scharf abgegrenzten Oberflächenbereichen.
Untersuchung der Sorption und Reaktion von 1‐Buten an einem technischen VOx‐TiO2‐Katalysator
Authors: Suprun W. , Kießling D. , Staudt R. , Schädlich K. , Papp H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWährend die Wirkungsweise von VOx‐TiO2‐Katalysatoren bei der katalytischen Oxidation und bei oxidativen Dehydrierreaktionen intensiv untersucht wurde, liegen zum Adsorptionsverhalten von C4‐Kohlenwasserstoffen an diesen Katalysatoren keine Angaben vor. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Adsorption von 1‐Buten an einem VOx‐TiO2‐Katalysator unter den technisch relevanten Reaktionsbedingungen der Selektivoxidation von n‐Butan/n‐Buten zu untersuchen. Für die mathematische Beschreibung des Reaktionsablaufes sind neben Kenntnissen reaktionskinetischer Parameter auch die von Adsorptions‐ und Desorptionsprozessen erforderlich.
Herstellung von Kohlenstoff‐Nanotubes und ‐fasern durch Gasphasenabscheidung
Authors: Jess A. , Kern C. , Schrögel K. , Jung A. , Schütz W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractKohlenstoff‐Nanotubes und ‐fasern sind interessante Materialien für viele Anwendungen, angefangen von der Kunststofftechnik bis zur Katalyse. Bisher existiert aber noch kein technischer Herstellungsprozess. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll eine Übersicht über die Grundlagen der Synthese von Kohlenstoff‐Nanotubes und ‐fasern geben. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt dabei auf der Kinetik und Reaktionstechnik der Herstellung durch katalytische Gasphasenabscheidung aus Kohlenmonoxid und Ethen.
Die Finite‐Elemente‐Methode am Beispiel des Strahlapparates
Authors: Vogel H.‐H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractStrahlapparate werden in vielen Bereichen der Vakuum‐, Verfahrens‐ und Energietechnik eingesetzt. Diese Arbeit betrachtet Fluide konstanter und gleicher Dichte, wie sie in Flüssigkeits/Flüssigkeits‐ und in erster Näherung in Gas/Gas‐Strahlapparaten für Unterschallgeschwindigkeiten vorliegen, zur Aufdeckung einfacher Gesetzmäßigkeiten. Die Ergebnisse der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode werden auf ein einfaches eindimensionales Strömungsmodell übertragen, das sich mit Hilfe neu eingeführter Diagramme zur graphischen Inter‐ und Extrapolation der Ergebnisse gut eignet.