bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Performance of Four Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Conformité Européenne (CE) Marked and One WHO Prequalified Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Uganda
Authors: Baliruno Leah Naluwagga , Kato Charles Drago , Nakigozi Harriet , Mujuzi Huzaima , Seremba Emmanuel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Globally, over 296 million people are infected with chronic Hepatitis B (HBV). Eighty million of these reside in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). HBV claims an estimated one million lives annually. Efforts to eradicate it from SSA have been slow partly due to a lack of affordable accurate screening tools. The diagnostic accuracy of the commonly used rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in SSA is poorly understood hence a need to characterize the validity of five RDTs being used for HBV diagnosis using the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) serologic marker.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 200 samples of residual donor blood were screened for HBsAg using the Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) and results confirmed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). They were subsequently subjected to five RDT kits; the SD Bioline, a World Health Organization (WHO) pre-qualified test kit, and four Conformité Européenne (CE) Marked RDTs: One-Step, NOVA, Astracare and Accurate. The sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were computed using ELISA as the reference test. The Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS 20.0 for Windows; SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL) was used for statistical analysis.
Results
All five RDT brands demonstrated a sensitivity of 93% (95% CI 93%- 93%). Their specificity however ranged from 95% (95% CI 94.9%- 97.8%) for Astracare to 98% (95% CI 94.9%- 98.0%) for SD Bioline. Similarly, their positive PPV ranged from 94.89% (95% CI 94.9%-97.7%) for Astracare to 97.89% (95% CI 94.9%-98.0%) for SD Bioline and NPV ranged from 93.14% (95% CI 93.1%-93.3%) for Astracare and 93.33% (95% CI 93.1% -93.3%) for SD Bioline.
Conclusion
SD Bioline had the best diagnostic accuracy for HBV infection. Nevertheless, the less expensive CE-marked RDTs had good performance characteristics. CE marked RDTs thus present an opportunity for massive screening of the at-risk populations in the WHO-led campaign to eliminate HBV as a public health threat in Uganda and other low-resource settings by 2030.
Study on the strength characteristics of sandstone subjected to coupled static and dynamic loads from the perspective of microscopic crack propagation
Authors: Hong Zi-jie , Si Kai , Li Zhen-hua , Zhu Chun , Du Feng , Cao Zhengzheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A series of engineering dynamic disasters, such as rock burst and roof caving, are closely related to the damage and strength characteristics of rock under dynamic load. The research of this topic is helpful to accurately understand the mechanism of rock dynamic disasters, make predictions in advance and take appropriate measures to reduce losses. In order to further study the dynamic failure characteristics of rock, a theoretical model of dynamic wing crack propagation of sandstone under the condition of coupled static and dynamic loads was proposed in the paper. The effects of strain rate, pre-static stress and confining pressure on the damage process and strength of sandstone were quantitatively revealed by theoretical model. The proposed dynamic wing crack propagation model actually represents the tensile damage of rock and is suitable for the macroscopic tensile fracture of rock under the action of dynamic load. By comparing with SHPB experimental results, it shows that the theoretical model can effectively predict the coupled static and dynamic strength of sandstone and explain the damage and fracture process. In addition, the differences between the theoretical model and the experimental results were analyzed in detail. The research results of the paper can provide a theoretical reference for further understanding of the occurrence mechanism of rock mass dynamic disasters, and provide a theoretical model basis for future numerical simulation research.
Effects of low molecular weight heparin on twin pregnancies with elevated D2 dimer levels
Authors: Chen Panpan , Tian Weiting , Zhong Xingming , Zhu Leilei , Chen Yun-Fen , Huang Guanyou , Zhao Shuyun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Backgrouds: What is the effect of low-molecular-weight heparin on twin pregnancies with increased D2 dimer following assisted reproductive technology（ART）?
Methods: A retrospective cohort study. The study explored data from twin pregnancies with increased D2 dimer levels following ART who underwent foetal protection treatment at the reproductive centre of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from March 2017 to December 2019. The main outcomes examined were the abortion rate of twins and the twin rate in the third trimester.
Results: Twin pregnancies exhibited a lower median age and higher D2-dimer levels than single pregnancies. 400 twin pregnancies had increased D2-dimer levels. The median D2 dimer level was 1.38 ug/mL. 258 of the 400 patients received heparin medication. A multivariate analysis of each patient's pregnancy outcomes was used . The twin miscarriage rate treated with heparin was reduced by 48.3% compared to untreated pregnancies, the twin rate in the third trimester increased by 69.8%. There were no differences in twin miscarriage rate or twin rate in the third trimester of twin pregnancies between whole-course medication and early medication in the subgroup. However, there was a decrease in the NICU rate and the incidence of gestational hypertension.
Conclusions: Low-molecular-weight heparin could improve the clinical outcomes of twin pregnancies following ART. Patients who undergo full therapy may see superior outcomes in comparison to those who choose early intervention.
Geological influence of Groundwater Quality, Eastern Region of Mount Cameroon and West of the Penda Mboko River
Authors: Jude Ngai N , Wotany Engome Regina , Agyingi Christopher , Nelson Menti Agbor 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This research focuses primarily on exploring the role of silica in deciphering the geological controls and hydrogeochemical processes affecting groundwater in this challenging terrain. To assess the hydrochemical properties of groundwater and its quality, fifty samples were collected from hand dug wells, boreholes, springs and rivers. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, temperature and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured in situ. The mean concentration of major ions indicated Ca > Mg2+ > k+ > Na+ and HCO-3 > CL- > NO-3 > SO2-4. The majority of the water samples (76%) were found in the rock dominance zone, while only 14% were in the precipitation dominance zone, indicating that the interaction between rock and water is the main factor controlling the groundwater chemistry. Chemical geothermometry was used to estimate the groundwater temperature .The silica levels in the samples ranged from 5.8 to 58.7 mg/l, and chalcedony temperatures of over 60°C were detected at five sites, indicating a depth of over 1,000 metres. This study highlights the effectiveness of this combination of instruments in tracking water-rock interactions, regardless of factors such as flow depth, water properties, geological conditions and variations in interaction time. Examination of mineral saturation indices showed supersaturation with silicate minerals such as quartz, but undersaturated with carbonate, sulphate and halide minerals such as calcite, gypsum and anhydrite.
An Efficient Mechanism of Modified Sand Cat Swarm Optimization and DCNN For Detection of Spam In Online Social Media Network
Authors: Nicholas Neomi Nelin , Nirmalrani V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In recent years, social media has become an indispensable part of people's daily lives. The use of social media networks, particularly WhatsApp, Facebook, and email, has significantly surged worldwide due to their widespread popularity. These platforms serve as potent tools for users to share information and opinions, post photos and videos, and disseminate news. The growing popularity and importance of social media platforms attract spammers to a greater extent. Detecting social network spam is particularly challenging due to its brief content and constantly streaming nature. Many spam detection methods for social media rely on machine learning, utilizing a variety of classification and clustering algorithms. Deep learning techniques have achieved significant success globally in solving diverse problems across different domains. This research aims to develop a robust spam detection model for social media networks using deep CNN methods and to evaluate the effectiveness of the models using Modified Sand Cat Swarm (MCSO) based optimization models. N-gram and Bag of Words features are utilized for ensemble feature extraction and selection to rank and analyze the significance of features in spam detection. The performance of the proposed models is compared with other deep learning algorithms. A comparative analysis of spam detection models reveals that the random forest classifier outperforms when trained with randomly chosen data of varying sizes. A DCNN-based MSCSO successfully validates 99.02% of spam on social media networks, as confirmed by the classification. These unconventional pairings reinforce the original premise behind these classification findings.
Incidences of colorectal adenomas and cancers under colonoscopy surveillance suggest an accelerated “Big Bang” pathway to CRC in three of the four Lynch syndromes
Authors: Møller Pål , Haupt Saski , Ahadova Aysel , Kloor Matthias , Sampson Julian , Sunde Lone , Seppälä Toni Toni , Burn John , Bernstein Inge , Capella Gabriel , Evans D Gareth , Lindblom Annika , Winship Ingrid , Macrae Finlay , Katz Lior , Laish Ido , Vainer Elez , Monahan Kevin , Half Elizabeth , Horisberger Karoline , Silva Leandro Apolinário da , Heuveline Vincent , Therkildsen Christina , Lautrup Charlotte , Klarskov Louvise L , Cavestro Giulia Martina , Möslein Gabriela , Hovig Eivind , Dominguez-Valentin Mev 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background:
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) in the Lynch syndromes have been assumed to emerge through an accelerated adenoma-carcinoma pathway. In this model adenomas with deficient mismatch repair have an increased probability of acquiring additional cancer driver mutation(s) resulting in more rapid progression to malignancy. If this model was accurate, the success of colonoscopy in preventing CRC would be a function of the intervals between colonoscopies and mean sojourn time of detectable adenomas. Contrary to expectations, colonoscopy did not decrease incidence of CRC in the Lynch syndromes and shorter colonoscopy intervals have not been effective in reducing CRC incidence. The prospective Lynch Syndrome Database [PLSD) was designed to examine these issues in carriers of pathogenic variants of the mis-match repair [path_MMR) genes.
Material and methods:
We examined the CRC and colorectal adenoma incidences in 3,574 path_MLH1, path_MSH2, path_MSH6 and path_PMS2 carriers subjected to regular colonoscopy with polypectomy, and considered the results based on sojourn times and stochastic probability paradigms.
Results:
Most of the path_MMR carriers in each genetic group had no adenomas. There was no association between incidences of CRC and the presence of adenomas. There was no CRC observed in path_PMS2 carriers.
Conclusions:
Colonoscopy prevented CRC in path_PMS2 carriers but not in the others. The findings are consistent with colonoscopy surveillance blocking the adenoma-carcinoma pathway by removing adenomas which might otherwise become CRCs. However, in carriers other than path_PMS2, most CRCs observed in carriers subjected to colonoscopy likely arise from dMMR cells in the crypts that have an increased mutation rate with increased stochastic chaotic probabilities for mutations. This mechanism, that may be associated with no or only a short sojourn time of MSI tumours as adenomas, could explain the findings in our previous and current reports.
Effect of prawn fed with Catharanthus roseus ethanolic extract incorporated diet in the SDS profile approach in Gene expressions related and immune characteristics in giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Authors: Arulvendhan Velusamy , Bhavan Periyakali Saravana 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Plants have long been at the main focus of the medical industries attention due to their extensive list of biological and therapeutic properties and ethnobotanical applications. This study investigates the effects of substituting fishmeal with Catharanthus roseus, a medicinal herb, in the diet of post larvae (PL) of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, a freshwater prawn. The study assesses the impact on the GC-MS, UV–Vis analyses, and FTIR spectrum through leaf material from C. roseus was analyzed and found to include a variety of phytochemicals including four of the seven secondary metabolic products discovered in C. roseus leaves showed bioactive principles: 2-methylmannoside, squalene, pentatriacontane, and 2,4,4-Trimethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-5a-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohexene. Catharanthus roseus is rich in the anticancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine. After that, the compounds undergo molecular in silico assessments docking studies revealed that among these compounds with bioactive properties. After separation, the basal diets of C. roseus crude extract in various ratios 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% for 90 days experimental prides Macrobrachium rosenbergii was fed a diet enriched with C. roseus. At the conclusion of the feeding trial, it was discovered that the C. roseus supplemented feed given prawns had considerably (P < 0.05) greater physiological water parameter such as temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and total dissolved solids, have to be within tolerance ranges so as to get the most effective results for M. rosenbergii. The muscle of protein profile such as a white spot disease (WSD) is caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), which also requires amino acid (AA) and fatty acid (FA) protein VP28 fused was shown to bind to prawn cells in an in vitro binding experiment using western blot SDS-PAGE gel. Moreover, a respective up-and downregulated crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (MrCHH), myostatin (MrMSTN), Peroxidasin (MrPXDN), heat shock protein 70 (MrHSP70), and heat shock protein 90 (MrHSP90), gene confirmed the impact of C. roseus on prawn development. The prawns that were given a diet containing a 1.5% concentration of C. roseus feed showed significant enhancements in growth performance. Therefore, in the present study proposes that 1.5% may be used as a dietary supplement for regulating Macrobrachium rosenbergii production more effectively.
Flexible fiber optic sensor for dual parameter perception of liquid level and temperature
Authors: Qin XiangJu , Li ShiJun , Fan HaiLong , Shi FangFei , Liu MingXing , Kong Lingxin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In this paper, a flexible optical fiber for two-parameter measurement of liquid level and temperature is presented. The flexible fiber is composed of polyurethane membrane and spherical microfiber few mode fiber (FMF) . It has excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. By converting the change of liquid level into the change of static liquid pressure of polyurethane diaphragm, the performance of the sensor is analyzed by finite element method (FEM) and beam propagation method (BPM). The sensitivity of the liquid level sensor is 0.54534 nm/mm, and the sensitivity of the liquid level sensor is increased about 5 times. In order to eliminate the temperature interference, the temperature decoupling scheme is studied in this paper. The problem of cross sensitivity is solved by discussing the interference of temperature on double wave peaks. It has a broad prospect in the field of fuel level monitoring and control.
Mass vaccination to rubella, waning immunity, and neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Cirillo Nicola 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Maternal viral infection during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism. Unlike natural immunity to infectious agents, vaccine-induced immunity can wane over time, potentially leading to secondary vaccine failure. A direct consequence of this waning immunity is that children born to vaccinated mothers might be exposed, either prenatally or postnatally, to infections that can adversely affect neurodevelopment. To preliminary explore the epidemiological basis for this possibility, we conducted a pilot ecological study analysing the historical trends of rubella vaccination — a virus known to impact foetal brain development — and autism prevalence in the US, Japan, England/UK, Sweden, and France. The data reveal a very strong correlation (Pearson’s k = 0.8) between historical vaccine coverage and autism prevalence in the US for the period 1969-1999. We also found a strong correlation (k = 0.66) between the extent of prior rubella immunisation (1991-2009) and subsequent autism rates (2000-2018). Our analysis detected a time lag ranging from one to three decades (median 24 years) between the start of rubella immunisation programmes and a doubling in autism cases in the US, England/UK, Sweden, and Japan. The odds of being diagnosed with autism occurring 20 years following the initiation these programmes in each country were higher in the US (OR = 21.2), Sweden (OR = 3.68), and UK (OR = 2.92). While this pilot ecological study does not establish causality, the data presented here should prompt further investigation into the relationship between susceptibility to rubella and other viral infections in vaccinated populations, likely due to waning immunity, and the increase in neurodevelopmental disorders observed in recent decades.
Evaluating the Role of Digital Platforms in Disseminating Pregnancy-related Health Information: A Systematic Review
Authors: Toutziaraki Stavroula , Sarantaki Antigoni , Gourounti Kleanthi , Dagla Maria , Iliadou Maria , Bolou Angeliki , Galanis Petros 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background The Internet is a widely utilized platform for accessing health-related information and pregnant women are no different in this regard. The aim of the present study was to review and describe the use of the internet as a source of information during pregnancy.Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching electronic databases such as PubMed until May 2023. The author also conducted general Internet searches using combinations of the search terms in the Google search engine. The search terms were as follows: pregnancy, “pregnancy period”, “pregnant women”, internet, network, information, “information sources”, “information resources”, “information tools”, and “information providers”. The search was limited to English language papers without limitations regarding publishing dates. Quantitative studies were sought, that reported original research and described Internet use by pregnant women and women within one year postpartum.Results Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. This systematic review found that women used the Internet as a source of information during pregnancy. The most often mentioned topics of interest were fetal development, stages of delivery and nutrition. Women generally find health information on the internet as reliable and useful. Some papers included in this review found that higher education is associated with increased Internet use and the pregnant women with a university degree used the Internet more than women with less than a high school education, and that nulliparous women were more likely to seek information than multiparous women.Conclusions Most of the pregnant women did not discuss the information they have retrieved from the Internet with their health providers. Consequently, healthcare providers should be prepared to support women in effectively navigating online resources, as well as interpreting and integrating the retrieved knowledge.
Effectiveness of Thought Stopping in Treating Obsessive-Compulsive and Compulsive Hoarding Disorders: A Preliminary Exploratory Study
Authors: Aldahadha Basim 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background:
The present study aimed to identify the effectiveness of a counseling program based on thought stopping among female students suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and compulsive hoarding disorder (CHD). The sample consisted of 40 students distributed equally and randomly to the treatment group and waiting list group. OCD and CHD scales and a program based on cognitive behavioral therapy in thought stopping were applied.
Results:
The results showed that there were significant differences between the treatment and waiting list groups in OCD and CHD in favor of the treatment group on the post measurements. The results also showed the effectiveness of the program in thought stopping on the post measurements and at follow-up a month after program termination.
Conclusions:
There is the effectiveness of thought-stopping in alleviating the symptoms of OCD and HCD. Attention should be given to early intervention of thought-stopping to reduce CHD by raising awareness of the roles of nurturing and the environment in which this disorder grows and how to prevent it.
SiRNA-Mediated Knockdown of ABCB1 Enhances the Efficacy of Doxorubicin and Vinorelbine in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Abbasfard Zahra , Behzad-Behbahani Abbas , Rastegari Banafshe , Naeimi Sirous , Moghanibashi Mehdi , Safari Fatemeh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among
women, primarily attributed to the formidable challenge of multidrug resistance, often driven by
the overexpression of the ABCB1 gene.

background:
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, primarily attributed to the formidable challenge of multidrug resistance, often driven by the overexpression of the ABCB1 gene.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the synergistic effects of siRNA, doxorubicin, and vinorelbine
on ABCB1 gene expression and cell viability in doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/ADR
breast cancer cells, with siRNA targeting ABCB1 to reduce its expression and doxorubicin/ vinorelbine
to eradicate cancer cells.

objective:
This study aimed to assess the synergistic effects of siRNA, doxorubicin, and vinorelbine on ABCB1 gene expression and cell viability in doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/ADR breast cancer cells, with siRNA targeting ABCB1 to reduce its expression and doxorubicin/vinorelbine to eradicate cancer cells.

Methods:
Our methodology involved culturing MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells in standard cell
culture conditions. The synthesized siRNA sequences transfected cells with siRNA at final concentrations
of 10, 20, and 30 nM and assessed cell viability using the MTT assay was performed.
Real-time PCR was employed to quantify ABCB1 mRNA expression levels.

Results:
Results indicated that MCF-7/ADR cells exhibited substantial resistance to vinorelbine
and doxorubicin compared to MCF-7 cells, displaying resistance at 12.50 μM and 25.00 μM for
vinorelbine and 6.25 μM and 25.00 μM for doxorubicin. Remarkably, siRNA treatment effectively
reversed drug resistance in MCF-7/ADR cells across all concentrations of vinorelbine and
doxorubicin tested. When combined, siRNA, doxorubicin, and vinorelbine yielded a significantly
greater reduction in cell viability compared to individual drug treatments, particularly at a 20
μM siRNA concentration. This combination therapy also significantly suppressed ABCB1 gene
expression by a factor of 41.48 in MCF-7 cells relative to MCF-7/ADR cells.

Conclusion:
these findings suggest that combining siRNA, doxorubicin, and vinorelbine holds
promise as a therapeutic strategy to overcome ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance in breast
cancer. Further investigations and clinical trials are warranted to evaluate its clinical efficacy
rigorously.