bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The correlation between increased reactivity of the bronchi and of mediator releasing cells in asthma
Authors: NEIJENS H. J. , DEGENHART H. J. , RAATGEEP R. , KERREBIJN K. F. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe hypothesis that increased reactivity in asthma is not always limited to the bronchi but also exists in the mediator releasing system was investigated in forty‐five asthmatic children, approximately half of whom had exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). The bronchial threshold to histamine was measured as an indicator of the reactivity of the bronchi and the histamine release from leucocytes without adding allergen (spontaneous histamine release) was considered as an indicator of the reactivity of the basophil leucocytes. There was a significant correlation between the histamine threshold and spontaneous histamine release and between these and EIB. These findings support the hypothesis.
Comparison of bronchial reactivity to histamine and methacholine in asthmatics
Authors: SALOME C. M. , SCHOEFFEL R. E. , WOOLCOCK A. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryEight subjects with asthma underwent bronchial challenge with histamine and methacholine. Dose‐response curves were drawn on a scale which made the dosages equivalent in molecular weight. The results were analysed in terms of both the slope of the dose‐response curve and the dose required to elicit a 20% fall in FEV1. No significant difference between methacholine and histamine was found in either measurement. Because of the similarity of the responses we conclude that the two agents are similar in action and may be used with equal effectiveness in bronchial challenges.
Effect of corticosteroid on lymphocyte responsiveness in pigeon breeder's lung
Authors: TOOGOOD J. H. , KHAN R. H. , BASKERVILLE J. C. , JENNINGS BARBARA H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFour patients with pigeon breeder's lung and positive lymphocyte transformation tests to pigeon antigen were given 250 mg hydrocortisone intravenously, after which the test was repeated at 6, 24, and 30 hr. A significant reduction in lymphocyte responsiveness to pigeon antigen was evident 6 hr after the steroid dose, which reversed within 24 hr after the treatment. This was associated with transient ‘false negative’ lymphocyte transformation tests in two of the four patients, so this effect of steroid treatment may influence the reliability of this test, if used in the diagnosis of patients with allergic alveolitis. Phytohaemagglutinin responsiveness was not affected by the hydrocortisone treatment. This may indicate differences between the cell populations that respond, after steroid treatment, to antigen and to mitogenic stimulation.
A comparison of cell‐mediated immunity and suppressor T‐cell function in asthmatic and normal children
Authors: HARPER T. B. , GAUMER H. R. , WARING W. , BRANNON R. B. , SALVAGGIO J. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe role of general and suppressor T‐cell function was investigated in a group of twelve children with atopic asthma and ten non‐atopic control children. Studies of active E rosettes, lymphocyte stimulation, and delayed type skin responsiveness revealed no statistically significant group differences. Data obtained employing a concanavalin A‐induced, suppressor T‐cell assay revealed that the asthmatics generated significantly less suppressor cell activity than did the normal control group. There was no correlation between lack of suppressor cell function and serum IgE levels. The results of this study support the concept of suppressor T‐cell dysfunction in atopic disease.
Serial IgE levels in allergic farmers related to the mite content of their hay
Authors: CUTHBERT O. D. , BRIGHTON W. D. , JEFFREY I. G. , McNEIL HELEN B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAsthma and allergic rhinitis in farmers has been shown to be associated with the large numbers of ‘storage mites’ present in stored hay (Cuthbert et al., 1979). During the year July 1977 to June 1978, studies were undertaken to compare the IgE levels to specific storage mites in the sera of five farming and one control subject, with the numbers of mites present in their hay. Samples of hay were collected at monthly intervals and the total number of mites per gram of hay in each sample recorded. Species were identified and approximate estimates of the number of two of these, Tyrophagus longior and Acarus farris, were made for two of the farms Crook and Queenalia, respectively. Blood samples were also taken at monthly intervals from all the subjects and assayed by radioallergosorbet test for specific IgE to five storage mite species and to the house‐dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus).Mite numbers, both in respect of total counts and specific estimates, showed a rapid increase to a peak during the month of October with a subsequent fall in November and a partial recovery in December, after which numbers tended to even out. Only two of the farmers showed consistently raised levels of specific IgE to any of the storage mite species and these tended to follow the fluctuations of the mite numbers during the months to January 1978, after which one farmer (J.M. from Crook) showed a fall in his positive IgE titre to T. longior, whilst the other (W.W. of Queenalia) who was positive to A. farris showed a sudden rise in titre to this species. High titres to the house‐dust mite (D. pteronyssinus) were recorded in the sera of three of the farmers.One farmer (J.M.) whilst giving a persistently high titre of IgE to T. longior, gave only a low one of less than twice normal to Tyrophagus putrescentiae, demonstrating a specificity of sensitization to the more commonly occuring of two of the species of a single genus.
The allergenic importance of house dust and storage mites in asthmatics in Brunei, S.E. Asia
Authors: WOODCOCK A. A. , CUNNINGTON A. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryExamination of dust from sleeping areas showed that storage mites, especially Glycyphagid species, were predominant in Brunei house dust.On skin testing sixty asthmatics with 1% extracts of six mite species, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was found to provoke the greatest number of positive skin reactions (66.7%), but positive reactions for Tyrophagus putrescentiae (50%), Acarus siro (35%), Glycyphagus domesticus (40%), and Lepidoglyphus destructor (45%) demonstrated that storage mites are also significant allergens. The role of storage mites in the causation of asthma in the tropics may have been underestimated.
Extrinsic allergic bronchiolo‐alveolitis in children
Authors: EL‐HEFNY A. , EKLADIOUS E. M. , EL‐SHARKAWY S. , EL‐GHADBAN H. , EL‐HENEIDY F. , FRANKLAND A. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFifteen children, 6–14 years old, who were heavily exposed to pigeon droppings, presented with cough, chills and breathlessnes on mild exertion. Twelve gave immediate positive skin test reactions to pigeon droppings. Ten of the fifteen also gave a late (Arthus) reaction, and seven gave a positive delayed reaction which was maximal at 24–72 hr. Nine children had precipitins against avian droppings. In ten patients who were tested for lymphocyte transformation, five gave positive responses to both serum and pigeon droppings. Radiological findings of the chest showed parenchymatous infiltrations and diffuse interstitial reticulations, suggestive of extrinsic allergic alveolitis. In a control group of fifteen heavily‐exposed children who had no symptoms, immediate and late skin reactions occurred respectively in five and two. One only had a positive precipitin test, and one of five tested had a positive lymphoblastic transformation. In a non‐exposed comparable group of children, all tests were negative except for one immediate positive skin response. Children heavily exposed to the inhalation of avian antigens can develop extrinsic allergic bronchiolo‐alveolitis.
In vitro stimulation of lymphocytes in patients with chronic urticaria induced by additives and food
Authors: VALVERDE E. , VICH J. M. , GARCÍA‐CALDERÓN J. V. , GARCÍA‐CALDERÓN P. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe studied the stimulation of lymphocytes in 258 patients with urticaria and/or angioedema using a series of food extracts and additives. Of this group, 238 revealed a positive response index (RI). There was a positive RI to additives in 18.4% of the cases, to food extracts in 35.2% and to both extracts and additives in 46.6% of the cases. A positive RI to both aspirin and tartrazine was revealed in 25% and to all the additives tested in 11% of the cases.Diets from which food extracts and additives were excluded achieved total remission in 159 (61.1%), partial remission in fifty‐seven cases (22%) and no remission in forty‐two (16.2).
The in vitro effect of levamisole on lymphocyte proliferation, polymorphonuclear leucocyte chemotaxis, basophil histamine release and platelet serotonin release in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: O'CONNOR R. D. , RING J. , JALOWAYSKI A. A. , HAMBURGER R. N. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe in vitro effect of levamisole (LMS) on lymphocyte, neutrophil, basophil and platelet function was investigated in patients with severe atopic dermatitis and hyper‐immunoglobulinaemia E. Lymphocyte stimulation by several concentrations of PHA, con A and PWM, polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis and basophil histamine release were unaffected by LMS (10 μg/ml). Platelet serotonin release induced by iodipamide was decreased in patient and control groups by LMS but release induced by methacholine, epinephrine and thrombin was not.
Clinical study of a new orally active chromone in asthma—proxicromil (FPL 57787)
Authors: DAHL R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe efficacy and safety of a new orally‐active chromone, proxicromil, has been assessed in a single‐blind controlled study in perennial extrinsic asthma. Patients entered into the study were currently requiring treatment with sodium cromoglycate (Intal; Lomudal) which was confirmed by deterioration of their asthma when changed to a placebo preparation of identical appearance. Proxicromil was administered for two consecutive 3‐week periods using a dosage regimen of 18 mg twice per day for the first period followed by 18 mg four times per day for the second period. Patients improved during the 6 weeks' treatment with proxicromil. This improvement could be detected by the majority of patients by the end of the first week. When patient treatment was changed to a corresponding placebo for a final period of three weeks their asthma deteriorated. No abnormal laboratory findings of significance were detected on haematological, liver function or urinalysis examination. The side effects noted relate mainly to gastro‐intestinal disturbances and generally were of a mild nature.
Asthma from plexiglas powders
Authors: KENNES B. , GARCIA‐HERREROS P. , DIERCKX P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA patient with severe asthma induced by the inhalation of plexiglas dusts is reported. Inhalation testing against various industrial products to which he was exposed at work, showed a specific and reproducible asthmatic reaction to plexiglas dusts. Complete pulmonary investigations after positive challenge excluded associated alveolitis and demonstrated an immediate and a late obstructive response. The patient was not atopic and his clinical history did not suggest occupational disease due to chronic exposure. Reduction of the plexiglas dust exposure resulted in progressive improvement.
Inhibition of allergen‐induced asthma by three forms of sodium cromoglycate
Authors: FRITH P. A. , RUFFIN R. E. , JUNIPER E. F. , DOLOVICH J. , HARGREAVE F. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe effect of three forms of sodium cromoglycate (SCG), 20 mg, on allergen‐induced early asthmatic responses was examined in ten stable asthmatics. Dose response allergen inhalation tests were performed on five occasions at intervals of from 1 to 2 weeks to determine the provocation concentration producing a 20% reduction (PC20 allergen) in FEV1. Placebo was given before the first and the last tests to determine the reproducibility of responses to allergen over the study period; reduced responsiveness was observed in eight of the ten subjects. Major changes in levels‐of specific serum antibodies of the IgE and IgG classes did not serve to explain the changes in bronchial responses although there was a trend which suggested IgG‐related desensitization. The observed changes in bronchial responses and antibody levels illustrate the requirement for tests of reproducibility of responses by the use of placebo controls at the beginning and end of a series of allergen inhalation challenges.SCG as (i) a micronized powder with lactose, (ii) micropellets without lactose, or (iii) an aerosol, were inhaled double‐blind, in random order, 5 min before the additional three allergen inhalation tests. PC20 allergen was reduced following SCG in seven subjects; the differences were statistically significant for the group. There was no observed difference in efficacy between the different forms of SCG. In this study, the efficacy of SCG could not be related to age, atopic status, the initial level of allergen‐specific IgE antibody, baseline FEV1, level of bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine or an effect of SCG on responsiveness to histamine.
A comparison of spirometric measurements in allergen bronchial challenge testing
Authors: MURRAY A. B. , FERGUSON A. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe compared the usefulness of several spirometric measurements in detecting asthmatic reactions after allergen bronchial challenge in fourteen asthmatic children. All of the children had a history suggesting mite‐induced asthma and eleven had a 3 mm or larger diameter weal on prick testing with Dermatophagoides farinae extract. On bronchial challenge testing with dilutions of this extract twelve children had an early asthmatic reaction and nine had a late asthmatic reaction. In decreasing order of sensitivity for detecting the early asthmatic reaction the tests ranked as follows: FEV1, FEF50%, FEF25‐75%, PEFR and FVC. For the late asthmatic reaction the order was FEF50% FEV1, FEF25‐75%, PEFR and FVC. No single test identified all the early or all the late reactions but the FEV1, a test useful for indicating large airways obstruction, when combined with the FEF25‐75%, a test influenced by small airways obstruction, detected all early and late asthmatic reactions. The FEF50%, was a sensitive test but was the only one to become falsely positive. It became falsely positive in four patients. Although the FEV1, was the most useful single test the results suggest that it is, by itself, an inadequate indicator of the asthmatic reaction and that it should be used with the FEF25‐75%, to ensure the detection of all asthmatic reactions induced by allergen bronchial challenge testing.
Measurement of alum precipitated allergen extracts by RAST inhibition methods
Authors: PUTTONEN E. , MAASCH J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe feasibility of measuring the allergenic activities of alum precipitated pollen extracts by means of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) was investigated. Different batches of aqueous and alum precipitated birch and mixed grass pollen extracts were used as antigens. The alum precipitates could be readily dissolved with 0.1 m EDTA (pH 9.0) without any loss in allergenicity. No significant differences in RAST activities of undissolved and dissolved alum precipitated allergen extracts could be detected in terms of ability to inhibit the binding of allergen specific IgE to solid‐phase allergens.
Chronic excretion of enteropathogenic bacteria in the faeces–a possible association with allergy to cows' milk
Authors: WITHRINGTON R. H. , BAYLIS J. M. , CHALLACOMBE D. N. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwo children with protracted gastrointestinal symptoms were found to be chronically excreting enteropathogenic bacteria in their faeces. Withdrawal of cows' milk protein from their diets resulted in clinical recovery and stool cultures became negative, suggesting that allergy to cows' milk may have contributed to their bacterial carrier state.
Inhalation challenge in humidifier fever
Authors: EDWARDS J. H. , COCKCROFT A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWhen exposed to an amount of contaminated humidifier water roughly equivalent to that inhaled over an 8‐hour period at their work place, four out of six subjects developed symptoms of humidifier fever. Two non‐exposed subjects failed to react to the same challenge.Characteristic lung function, temperature and leucocyte changes were recorded: however, a fall in gas transfer previously reported was not seen.That the reaction was immunologically mediated and not due to endotoxin activity was shown by a negative pyrogen response in rabbits inoculated intravenously with concentrated humidifier water. The nature of the immune response has not as yet been evaluated but it does not reside with the ability of humidifier fever antigens to activate complement.Skin testing produced an immediate weal and flare in the four subjects with precipitins and may reflect the presence of short‐term anaphylactic IgG antibody.
Lung function changes by ethanol inhalation
Authors: ŽUŠKIN E. , BOUHUYS A. , ŠARI M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe acute effect of ethanol inhalation on ventilatory capacity was studied in a group of six healthy volunteers and the results were compared to those obtained after the inhalation of a saline solution. There was a significant decrease in flow rates on partial expiratory flow‐volume (PEFV) curves up to 90 min after ethanol inhalation. FEV1 values did not change significantly, either after ethanol or saline aerosol. Pretreatment with atropine did not prevent the acute reductions in flow rates in comparison with the reductions without atropine. Pretreatment with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) considerably diminished the acute reductions of flow rates caused by ethanol inhalation. These results suggest that ethanol in some persons may act, at least partly, through releasing mediators with bronchoconstrictive action.
Mediators of hypersensitivity in the sputum of young, symptomatic cigarette smokers
Authors: LEITCH A. G. , LUMB ELIZABETH M. , KAY A. B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe have measured the concentrations of mediators of hypersensitivity in the sputum of twenty‐five young, symptomatic cigarette smokers who regularly expectorated and twenty‐three matched non‐smokers with a respiratory infection. The measurements included sputum and blood eosinophils, IgE, IgG, IgA and IgM and also sputum histamine. We found a significant increase of sputum histamine, and a higher sputum/serum ratio of IgE in smokers when compared to non‐smokers. These findings support the view that the bronchial inflammatory response in smokers, as in chronic bronchitis, involves the participation of mediators of hypersensitivity.
The prevalence of immediate positive skin tests in Nepalese children
Authors: HOPE R. A. , BANGHAM C. R. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwo hundred and ninety‐three normal schoolchildren between 5 and 15 years old living in the hills of Eastern Nepal were tested by the skin prick method for sensitivity to six allergens: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium notatum, mixed pollens and mixed threshings. These children were also questioned and examined for symptoms and signs relating to allergic disease.Of the children, 20% were skin‐prick positive to at least one of the allergens, and 20% had symptoms of allergic disease, but there was no relationship between the symptoms and the prick test results.No relationship was found between the prick test results and any of the following: the length of time a child was breast‐fed; the age of the child and his month of birth. Of the boys, 19% admitted to smoking cigarettes, as did 11% of the girls.
Exercise‐induced asthma in Nepalese children
Authors: BANGHAM C. R. M. , HOPE R. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThree hundred and one children between 5 and 15 years old in the hills of east Nepal were studied to determine the prevalence and the main causes of asthma and atopy. Asthma was diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical examination and the results of a 6‐min exercise test (step test).Asthma was diagnosed in six children, none of whom was skin prick test positive. We present here normal values of baseline peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and the exercise‐induced changes in PEFR in normals, asthmatics, other wheezy children and others with atopic histories. The results of the skin prick tests are presented with the atopic histories in another paper.
Nasal provocation and passive anterior rhinomanometry (PAR)
Authors: CLEMENT P. A. R. , VAN DISHOECK A. , VAN de WAL J. , STOOP P. , HOEK T. , VAN STRICK R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA rapid and convenient method of nasal provocation (aerosol provocation combined with passive anterior rhinomanometry) is described. A comparative study between skin tests, bronchial provocations and nasal provocations highlights the usefulness of this method.
Relationship between the results of skin, conjunctival and bronchial tests and RAST with Candida albicans in patients with asthma
Authors: AKIYAMA K. , YUI Y. , SHIDA T. , MIYAMOTO T. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe results of the skin, conjunctival and inhalation tests and RAST with Candida antigen were compared with each other in patients with bronchial asthma. The correlation coefficient between the skin test and RAST was 0‐50 (P<0.01). The correlation coefficient between the skin test, RAST and the inhalation tests was 0.36 (P < 0.01) and 0 57 (P < 0.01). The positive agreement of the inhalation test to the skin test, RAST and the conjunctival test was 77, 86 and 93%, respectively. In this study the conjunctival test was thought to be the best method in place of the inhalation test. There was no significant relation between the serum IgE concentration and the endpoint of the skin titration testing, and a low correlation was noticed between the serum IgE concentration and RAST counts (r= 0.36).
Suppressor T‐lymphocyte activity in wheezy children with and without treatment by hyposensitization
Authors: RIVLIN J. , KUPERMAN O. , FREIER S. , GODFREY S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe suppressor cell activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes was investigated in wheezy children by determining the ability of concanavalin A induced suppressor cells to inhibit a mitogen provoked proliferative response. The activity was compared with that of eighteen healthy controls. Often infants aged from 5 months to 4½ years, with recurrent wheezy bronchitis, three had much reduced suppressor cell activity (2 s.d. or more below that of controls). Of twelve asthmatic children aged from 4½ to 12 years, seven had much reduced suppressor cell activity. The remaining five asthmatic children with normal suppressor cell activity had all received hyposensitization therapy. We speculate that immune hyposensitization therapy might act by stimulating lymphocyte suppressor activity.