bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The action of proteolytic enzymes on protein feeds. II.—intermediary products precipitated by trichloroacetic acid and phosphotungstic acid from peptic and pancreatic digests
Authors: Birk Yehudith , Bondi A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA characteristic difference was found between feeds of plant and animal origin. Protein feeds of plant origin contained a protein fraction with 20‐30 amino‐acid residues in the molecule, which dissolved in buffer solutions pH ∼ 8 and was precipitated by trichloroacetic acid (TCA). This fraction, which was not found in animal proteins, was relatively stable in the presence of proteolytic enzymes, especially pancreatin. The TCA precipitates isolated from pancreatic digests of soya‐bean and groundnut meals were very similar. The existence of this protein fraction, which was more stable to enzyme attack, might be one of the reasons for the lower nutritional value of the plant proteins as compared with animal proteins. The fact that the TCA precipitates were found in various types of feeds of plant origin (wheat gluten, sesame, maize) could serve as a basis for the analytical differentiation between proteins of plant and animal origin. Phosphotungstic acid precipitated TCA‐precipitable fractions as well as lower peptides and basic amino‐acids.
Partition chromatography of vitamin‐A alcohol and its application to the non‐saponifiable matter from cod‐liver oil
Authors: Dunckley G. G. , MacFarlane Yvonne J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPartition chromatograms using paraffin oil as a stationary phase and various aliphatic alcohols as mobile phase have been used to separate vitamin A from some of the substances interfering with its spectrophotometric assay.
The lead content of some australian wines
Authors: Rankine B. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe lead content of 55 Australian wines was determined, the values ranging from 0.04 p.p.m. to 0.86 p.p.m. with a mean of 0.23 p.p.m. The wines comprised both export and home consumption samples and represented white and red, sweet and dry, and unfortified and fortified types.The results are discussed in relation to the legal limit of one part per million of lead in wine recently introduced by the British Ministry of Food.The literature relating to the lead content of wines is reviewed.
The effect of winter weather on the composition of fodder‐beet left in the ground
Authors: Castle M. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemical analyses of fodder‐beet harvested at approximately fortnightly intervals from a (single) crop left in the ground all the winter showed no marked changes with the passage of time. The quality and palatability of the roots were almost unchanged. The results indicate the possibility of reducing costs by leaving fodder‐beet in the ground over winter and folding pigs on it.
The expressible fluid of fish fillets. IV.—the expressible fluid of iced cod
Authors: Banks A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA number of estimations have been made of the amount and composition of the expressible fluid obtained from gutted cod iced for various periods. The amount of expressible fluid increased rapidly as the fish passed out of rigor mortis and then only slowly for a period, followed by a further fairly rapid increase after 168 hours on ice. It is suggested that the values‐obtained are associated with the physical changes in texture that occur during the gradual resolution of rigor mortis and with subsequent slight changes in texture and in the colloidal proteins of the protoplasm. The amount of expressible fluid obtained does not appear to be related to the size of the fillets.
Problems connected with ethylene dibromide fumigation of cereals. I.—sorption of ethylene dibromide by grain
Authors: Olomucki Eugenia , Bondi A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this paper experiments on ethylene dibromide fumigation of different cereal species are described in which the influence of various fumigation conditions on the content of bromine is studied. Two bromine forms were found to be present in fumigated grain: a volatile bromide (unchanged ethylene dibromide), and a non‐volatile, water‐soluble bromide. Differences in sorption of ethylene dibromide by various cereals seemed to result from differences in seed structures.By airing of fumigated grain free ethylene dibromide is removed gradually, but the content of bound bromine is not markedly changed. Under usual conditions of fumigation of whole grain in silos, the volatile bromide disappears after airing for 6‐7 weeks.
The growth of bacteria on horse muscle, in relation to the changes after death leading to Rigor mortis
Authors: Ingram M. , Ingram G. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe intrinsic clostridia in the muscles of whale carcasses multiply rapidly after the muscles have passed into rigor mortis, but not appreciably before rigor. Attempts have been made to verify this with sterno‐cephalicus muscles of horse carcasses.
Seaweed as a source of yeast food. I
Authors: Morris E. O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPreliminary experiments designed to ascertain whether extracts of seaweed afford suitable media for the propagation of yeasts are described. Various extracts from seaweeds as well as carbon‐rich compounds isolated from seaweeds have been used as media or as media supplements for the cultivation of 46 strains of yeast, representing a wide range of yeast genera. Further, the effects of variations in. the environmental conditions upon such cultures have been studied. In general, extracts from Laminaria cloustoni (frond) were found to afford the most suitable media, and Candida krusei, Candida solani, Nadsonia fulvescens, Pichia membranaefaciens and Oospora lactis were the most prolific yeasts. Aeration of the cultures tended to increase the yield. No appreciable increase in yield was obtained when yeasts were cultivated in media prepared from seaweed treated with 0.1 and 1.0 N‐hydrochloric acid.
Studies of lactic acid bacteria associated with brewery products. IV.—interrelationships in requirements for purines, folic acid and p‐aminobenzoic acid
Authors: Russell C. , Bhandari R. R. , Walker T. K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOf thirty‐four lactic acid bacteria isolated from beer or from growing yeast, seventeen required uracil for growth; none required xanthine. In two cases there is evidence of interconversion of guanine and xanthine, growth failing in the absence of both these purines. The presence or absence of P‐aminobenzoic acid and folic acid has an effect on the purine requirements which varies with different organisms.
Studies in starch structure. II.—the determination of iodine absorption by amperometric titration
Authors: Coton L. , Lampitt L. H. , Fuller C. H. F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn improved form of apparatus has been produced for the determination of the iodine absorption of starches and starch fractions by an amperometric method. The important factors in the design and construction of the apparatus are described. Using this apparatus, the amperometric method has been found more convenient than the potentiometric method used formerly.The absorption of iodine by suspensions of starch granules has been examined by this method. The absorption is characteristic of the starch species, but it is considerably increased if damaged granules are present. The absorption by the starch in wheat flours may be determined without preliminary extraction.
A study of a possible mode of action of antibiotics in chicks
Authors: Cooper D. M. , Gordon R. F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDepression in the body weight of chicks (up to 2 weeks old) may be produced (a) by feeding small amounts of fresh ‘infected’ contents in the mash, (b) by holding chicks in close proximity to ‘infected’ chicks showing this depression in weight, (c) by oral or intranasal inoculation with filtered gut contents or (more particularly) with crude lung filtrates. The depression is overcome by addition of penicillin to the diet. The causative agent of the depression has not been found, but the results support the hypothesis of Coates et al.12, 16‐18, 20 that the action of antibiotics is to overcome a sub‐clinical infection. Definite confirmation of this is not yet possible and the difficulties associated with this work are outlined.
Plant proteins. V.—proteins and amino‐acids of marine algae
Authors: Coulson C. B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractProteins have been extracted from three main classes of marine algae, and a large‐scale extraction of protein from Rhodymenia palmata has been carried out. The approximate amino‐acid composition of four proteins has been determined using a rapid method of direct estimation on two‐dimensional paper chromatograms. It is found that algal proteins differ little qualitatively from those of land plants. A preliminary examination has been made of ninhydrin‐reactive substances from the ethanolic extracts of dried marine algae and unknown ninhydrin‐reactive substances (possibly iodo‐amino‐acids) in the alkaline hydrolysates of R. palmata protein. The problem of alginate interference in protein extraction is discussed.
Ascorbic acid—photochemical oxidation in solutions containing oxalic acid. I.—catalysis by traces of iron salts
Authors: Baker L. C. , Lampitt L. H. , Wittenberg E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAscorbic acid is lost when a solution at pH 1.7 containing 0.25% oxalic acid, 0.02% ascorbic acid and a trace of iron salt is exposed to light from a mercury vapour lamp. It is demonstrated that this is a photochemical reaction dependent upon a number of factors: irradiation, access of air, presence of oxalate ions and a trace of iron salt; and the absence of any one of these factors inhibits the reaction. The ascorbic acid is apparently oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid and diketogulonic acid.
The chemical estimation of vitamin‐E activity in cereal products. III.—the application of partition chromatography to the isolation of ε‐tocopherol from bran and to the determination of the individual tocopherols of cereals
Authors: Eggitt P. W. Russell , Norris F. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractReversed‐phase partition chromatography, using a liquid paraffin‐aqueous ethanol system supported on kieselguhr made hydrophobic with dimethyldichlorosilane, has been applied to the isolation of ε‐tocopherol (5‐methyltocol) from bran. The development of the method as an alternative to paper chromatography for the determination of the individual tocopherols in cereal products is discussed. Details are given of the absorption spectra of ε‐tocopherol and nitroso‐ε‐tocopherol.
Beef‐curing brines. II.—bacterial and chemical changes occurring in a long‐life, acid brine
Authors: Hornsey H. C. , Mallows J. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRapidly developing, short‐life brines were discussed in Part I, but some brines have been found to develop into long‐life brines of an acid reaction. In thesee brines it is shown that the nitrite‐producing, lactate‐oxidizing organisms (Type A) are superseded by a slow‐growing micrococcus (Type B) which does not appear to have been described previously.The oxidation‐reduction potential remains comparatively high, and lactic acid accumulates, making the brine acid. There appears to be no further metabolic activity, and the brines last indefinitely, but possess only poor curing qualities.
Beef‐curing brines. III.—general classification
Authors: Hornsey H. C. , Mallows J. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn Parts I and II of this series, two different types of brine and the changes occurring in them were described. The characters of these two types are useful in the classification of small‐scale beef brines, and their properties may assist in the explanation of the metabolic changes taking place in beef‐curing brines generally. In addition to the two types of bacteria described in the previous papers and characteristic of the two types of brine, a third type (C) is found in a minority of commercial brines. This organism reduces nitrate to nitrite but no further. It appears to be more compatible with Type‐B organisms, and is shown to occur frequently with them in old acid brines. It is responsible for the small amount of nitrite that is sometimes found in this type of brine.
The effects of the addition of a poly‐halogenated acetate of ethyl glycol on the fermentation of minced grass and water mixtures
Authors: Barnett A. John G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA study has been made, on the laboratory scale, of the effects on formation of lactic acid and fatty acid, amino‐acid breakdown and pH, obtained by adding a bacteriostatic preparation (SovilonManufactured by the Société des Produits Chimiques ‘Sovilo’, Paris.
) to mixtures of minced grass and water. It has been shown that the effects of this material, in the concentrations used here, have been to diminish the amounts of volatile fatty acids and volatile bases formed during the fermentation of such mixtures. At the same time the formation of lactic acid has been shown to be inhibited to some extent and the partially inhibitory effects on amino‐acid breakdown have also been noted.
Ultracentrifuge studies of the ammonium sulphate fractions of the protein from yellow lupin seed (Lupinus lutevs)
Authors: Naismith W. E. F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn ammonium sulphate fractionation of the protein in a 10% sodium chloride extract of yellow lupin seed meal has been carried out. Examination of the fractions in the ultracentrifuge at I = 0.5, pH = 7.6 has revealed the presence of at least four sedimenting components.Three of these components have been obtained reasonably pure by a different method from that used by J oubert2 for blue lupin seed protein. In agreement with his work, one of these components dissociated reversibly and slowly on lowering the ionic strength. Another component associated reversibly with the lowering of ionic strength, the reaction being rapid. The third component did not appear to enter into any association‐dissociation reactions.
The volatile oil of dacrydium biforme
Authors: Corbett R. E. , Wong L. C‐K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe essential oil of Dacrydium biforme has been fractionated in an efficient column and is shown to contain at least 15 constituents. Eight of these have been identified with known compounds, namely, myrcene, β‐terpinene, (+)‐longifolene, (+)‐aromadendrene, (‐)‐metrosiderene, (+)‐δ‐cadinene, (+)‐phyllocladene, and α‐camphorene. Other constituents include oxygenated terpenes, and a solid sesquiterpene alcohol.
An improved boric ester method for the isolation of alcohols
Authors: Owen W. R. , Sutherland M. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn an improved process for the separation of alcohols and phenols as borate esters from other volatile substances, transesterification with butyl borate is carried out in a solvent such as methylcyclohexane which forms an azeotrope with butyl alcohol. The boratization of soluble hydroxylic compounds proceeds quickly to an easily recognized completion. Trilinalyl borate has been prepared by this method and is pyrolysed only above 150°. The application of the new procedure to the isolation of geijerene from the essential oil ofGeijera parvifloraLindley is described.
The loss of carotene from dried green crop during storage.—The gradient of loss through a stack
Authors: Booth V. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractConsiderably more carotene was lost from the middle of a commercial type stack of dry lucerne meal than from the edges. The percentage loss, small near the outermost edges of paper sacks which were exposed to air, rose sharply in the first few cm. and then more gradually to the centre of the stack. Part of the increased loss in the centre was due to the higher temperature there. The major part of the difference in the rates of loss was due to the protective effect of moisture taken up from the air at the outer surfaces of the stack. These conclusions were verified by isolating sections of stacks of dry meal in tubes 21/2 metres long closed at one end and so stored as to eliminate temperature gradients. Loss of carotene was high within a tube except near the exposed end where moisture had been taken up.
Carbon‐nitrogen relationships in soil. II.—Quantitative relationships between nitrogen immobilized and carbon added to the soil
Authors: Winsor G. W. , Pollard A. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractQuantitative relationships between nitrogen immobilized and carbon compounds added to the soil have been studied, using sucrose as the added organic material. A highly significant linear relationship was found between carbon added and nitrogen immobilized. After incubation for two days at 23.5°, this period giving maximum immobilization of nitrogen in the glasshouse and market‐garden soils used, one unit of nitrogen was immobilized for every 8.3‐10.8 units of carbon added. Part of the added carbon was evolved as carbon dioxide, the ratio of added carbon retained in the soil to nitrogen immobilized being approximately 6:1.
An improved preliminary treatment for the routine estimation of lead in wines and related products
Authors: Greenblau N. , Van Der Westhuyzen J. P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA more rapid procedure is described for the destruction of organic matter in wines, grapes, grape must, tinned food and urine, prior to the routine estimation of lead.The method involves the initial digestion of the material with iodine pentoxide and concentrated nitric acid, followed by evaporation to dryness, and ashing at 480°. The lead in the residue is then determined colorimetrically after extraction with dithizone in chloroform.
A semi‐micro routine procedure for the partial fractionation of soil phosphorus
Authors: Rennie Peter J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA semi‐micro procedure for the partial fractionation of soil phosphorus compounds is described, which has been developed for certain agricultural, forest and moor soils, containing down to 0.002 mg. of P per g. of soil for particular P fractions.The procedure uses a semi‐micro adaptation of McClean's acid attack for the extraction of total P, and Williams' extractants for the initial fractionation. All extracts receive similar simple preparative treatment, P then being estimated colorimetrically by reduction of phosphomolybdate with ‘ metol’.Critical steps in the procedure are discussed in brief experimental notes, and examples of fractionation data are included to demonstrate the necessity, when comparing different soil horizons, of expressing these data on a soil‐volume basis.
Fat in poultry nutrition. I.—The chick from hatching to five weeks of age
Authors: Davidson A. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAlthough it has been generally agreed that the use of fat in poultry rations has some value, the scientific papers which have been published so far provide quite a number of contradictory results. This paper shows that where a proper balance is maintained between the various nutrients in the ration, particularly in the protein/total digestible nutrient ratio, high levels of fat consistently improve efficiency of feed conversion and growth rate.
A note on the heat resistance of a South African strain of Clostridium botulinum type B
Authors: Knock G. G. , Lambrechts M. S. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe z and D values for a South African strain of Clostridium botulinum, type B, have been determined by a method described. The results indicate that the South African strain at least equals in heat resistance the maximum resistance for Clostridium botulinum assumed in process calculations for canned foods.
The systemic action of benzene hexachloride in plants: Quantitative measurements
Authors: Bradbury F. R. , Whitaker W. O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe absorption of γ‐benzene hexachloride (BHC) by a variety of seeds and by wheat seedlings has been measured. The amount of insecticide absorbed from the saturated vapour by seeds in six weeks varied from 31 μg./g. in wheat to 128 μg./g. in linseed. The process has similarities to the absorption of m̀‐BHC by insects. Wheat seedlings removed up to 100 μg./g. (fresh weight) of m̀‐BHC in seven days from an aqueous solution bathing their roots, but increasing amounts of the insecticide were lost by the plant as the experiments proceeded.
Determination of fumigants. XXIII.—The recovery of hydrogen cyanide from fumigated insects
Authors: Bhambhani H. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe recovery of hydrogen cyanide from fumigated insects (Calandra granaria L. and C. oryzae L.) depends on the pH of the solution used to hydrolyse cyanohydrins formed in the insects. A considerable increase in the amount of recoverable fumigant is found when the insects are ground before distillation. When care is taken to recover all the fumigant possible, the discrepancy between sorption and recovery becomes scarcely measurable for short periods of fumigation. Discrepancies, attributed to metabolism by other workers, seem likely to be partly associated with incomplete recovery.
Physico‐chemical studies on the application of insecticides to sheep fleece. VII.—The influence of cationic wetting agent‐fleece reactions on the stability of emulsions and suspensions
Authors: Addison C. C. , Furmidge C. G. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA study is made of the stability of dilute xylene‐water emulsions, and DDT‐water suspensions, when cationic wetting agents (of chain length in the range dodecylpyridinium to octadecylpyridinium, and with various halide ions) are employed. Emulsions are in general stable over a narrow concentration range only, and reasons for this are given. The variations in stability which result from the introduction of natural fleece are discussed, and the factors responsible for this are classified. The deposition of oil phase or suspended solid on fleece under various conditions has been measured, and the results are interpreted in the light of these factors.
Non‐thermal drying of brown marine algae
Authors: Reid K. C. , Jackson Philip 
Published: November 2006

AbstractReduction of the water content of Ascophyllum nodosum and the stipe of certain sublittoral seaweeds to about 50% (wet basis) is possible and economical by air‐drying on inclined grids. Removal of 40% or 60% of the water can be effected by use of centrifuges or screw expellers, but there is a simultaneous loss of a significant proportion of the soluble matter present. Plasmolysis using salt solutions is technically feasible, but is impracticable and uneconomical.
Plant‐growth substances: ω‐aryl‐ and ω‐aryloxy‐alkylcarboxylic acids
Authors: Gaimster K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA number of carboxylic acids of the type R[CH2] CO2H have been synthesized in connexion with studies of plant‐growth activity. They include the first six or seven members of five homologous series of ω‐substituted alkylcarboxylic acids, namely o‐methoxyphenoxy‐, p‐chlorophenoxy‐, 2:4‐dichlorophenoxy‐, 2:4:5‐trichlorophenoxy‐ and 1‐naphthyl‐alkylcarboxylic acids; and five 1‐naphthyl‐alkylcarboxylic acids in which the alkyl chain is branched or otherwise modified.The phenoxy‐acids were prepared by classical methods but, for many of the 1‐naphthyl acids, methods involving the use of organo‐cadmium compounds were employed.
The depletion of insecticidal emulsions in contact with sheep fleece
Authors: MacHin A. F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe depletion and subsequent fate of insecticide and solvent from emulsions of BHC, DDT, Dieldrin and Aldrin in contact with sheep fleece under equilibrium conditions has been studied. It is shown that this depletion is essentially due to the grease associated with the fleece. There are marked differences between the depletion of BHC and Dieldrin on the one hand and DDT and Aldrin on the other; the mechanism of depletion is discussed with particular reference to these differences.