bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroanatomy of fragile X syndrome is associated with aberrant behavior and the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP)
Authors: Gothelf Doron , Furfaro Joyce A. , Hoeft Fumiko , Eckert Mark A. , Hall Scott S. , O'Hara Ruth , Erba Heather W. , Ringel Jessica , Hayashi Kiralee M. , Patnaik Swetapadma , Golianu Brenda , Kraemer Helena C. , Thompson Paul M. , Piven Joseph , Reiss Allan L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine how neuroanatomic variation in children and adolescents with fragile X syndrome is linked to reduced levels of the fragile X mental retardation‐1 protein and to aberrant cognition and behavior.MethodsThis study included 84 children and adolescents with the fragile X full mutation and 72 typically developing control subjects matched for age and sex. Brain morphology was assessed with volumetric, voxel‐based, and surface‐based modeling approaches. Intelligence quotient was evaluated with standard cognitive testing, whereas abnormal behaviors were measured with the Autism Behavior Checklist and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist.ResultsSignificantly increased size of the caudate nucleus and decreased size of the posterior cerebellar vermis, amygdala, and superior temporal gyrus were present in the fragile X group. Subjects with fragile X also demonstrated an abnormal profile of cortical lobe volumes. A receiver operating characteristic analysis identified the combination of a large caudate with small posterior cerebellar vermis, amygdala, and superior temporal gyrus as distinguishing children with fragile X from control subjects with a high level of sensitivity and specificity. Large caudate and small posterior cerebellar vermis were associated with lower fragile X mental retardation protein levels and more pronounced cognitive deficits and aberrant behaviors.InterpretationAbnormal development of specific brain regions characterizes a neuroanatomic phenotype associated with fragile X syndrome and may mediate the effects of FMR1 gene mutations on the cognitive and behavioral features of the disorder. Fragile X syndrome provides a model for elucidating critical linkages among gene, brain, and cognition in children with serious neurodevelopmental disorders. Ann Neurol 2007
Lab‐scale fermentation tests of microchip with integrated electrochemical sensors for pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and viable biomass concentration
Authors: Krommenhoek Erik E. , van Leeuwen Michiel , Gardeniers Han , van Gulik Walter M. , van den Berg Albert , Li Xiaonan , Ottens Marcel , van der Wielen Luuk A.M. , Heijnen Joseph J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis article shows the development and testing of a microchip with integrated electrochemical sensors for measurement of pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and viable biomass concentration under yeast cultivation conditions. Measurements were done both under dynamic batch conditions as well as under prolonged continuous cultivation conditions. The response of the sensors compared well with conventional measurement techniques. The biomass sensor was based on impedance spectroscopy. The results of the biomass sensor matched very well with dry weight measurements and showed a limit of detection of ∼1 g/L. The dissolved oxygen concentration was monitored amperometrically using an ultra‐microelectrode array, which showed an accuracy of ∼0.2 mg/L and negligible drift. pH was monitored using an ISFET with an accuracy well below 0.1 pH unit. The platinum thin‐film temperature resistor followed temperature changes with ∼0.1°C accuracy. The dimensions of the multi sensor chip are chosen as such that it is compatible with the 96‐well plate format. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 884–892. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utility of an Escherichia coli strain engineered in the substrate uptake system for improved culture performance at high glucose and cell concentrations: An alternative to fed‐batch cultures
Authors: Lara Alvaro R. , Caspeta Luis , Gosset Guillermo , Bolívar Francisco , Ramírez Octavio T. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOverflow metabolism is an undesirable characteristic of aerobic cultures of Escherichia coli. It results from elevated glucose consumption rates that cause a high substrate conversion to acetate, severely affecting cell physiology and bioprocess performance. Such phenomenon typically occurs in batch cultures under high glucose concentration. Fed‐batch culture, where glucose uptake rate is controlled by external addition of glucose, is the classical bioprocessing alternative to prevent overflow metabolism. Despite its wide‐spread use, fed‐batch mode presents drawbacks that could be overcome by simpler batch cultures at high initial glucose concentration, only if overflow metabolism is effectively prevented. In this study, an E. coli strain (VH32) lacking the phosphoenolpyruvate: carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) with a modified glucose transport system was cultured at glucose concentrations of up to 100 g/L in batch mode, while expressing the recombinant green fluorescence protein (GFP). At the highest glucose concentration tested, acetate accumulated to a maximum of 13.6 g/L for the parental strain (W3110), whereas a maximum concentration of only 2 g/L was observed for VH32. Consequently, high cell and GFP concentrations of 52 and 8.2 g/L, respectively, were achieved in VH32 cultures at 100 g/L of glucose. In contrast, maximum biomass and GFP in W3110 cultures only reached 65 and 48%, respectively, of the values attained by the engineered strain. A comparison of this culture strategy against traditional fed‐batch culture of W3110 is presented. This study shows that high cell and recombinant protein concentrations are attainable in simple batch cultures by circumventing overflow metabolism through metabolic engineering. This represents a novel and valuable alternative to classical bioprocessing approaches. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 893–901. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a bioreactor for evaluating novel nerve conduits
Authors: Sun Tao , Norton David , Vickers Naomi , L. McArthur Sally , Neil Sheila Mac , Ryan Anthony J. , Haycock John W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe describe an experimental closed bioreactor device for studying novel tissue engineered peripheral nerve conduits in vitro. The system integrates a closed loop system consisting of one, two, or three experimental nerve conduits connected in series or parallel, with the ability to study novel scaffolds within guidance conduits. The system was established using aligned synthetic microfiber scaffolds of viscose rayon and electrospun polystyrene. Schwann cells were seeded directly into conduits varying from 10 to 80 mm in length and allowed to adhere under 0 flow for 1 h, before being cultured for 4 days under static or continuous flow conditions. In situ viability measurements showed the distribution of live Schwann cells within each conduit and enabled quantification thereafter. Under static culture viable cells only existed in short conduit scaffolds (10 mm) or at the ends of longer conduits (20–80 mm) with a variation in viable cell distribution. Surface modification of scaffold fibers with type‐1 collagen or acrylic acid increased cell number by 17% and 30%, respectively. However, a continuous medium flow of 0.8 mL/h was found to increase total cell number by 2.5‐fold verses static culture. Importantly, under these conditions parallel viability measurements revealed a ninefold increase compared to static culture. Fluorescence microscopy of scaffolds showed cellular adhesion and alignment on the longitudinal axis. We suggest that such a system will enable a rigorous and controlled approach for evaluating novel conduits for peripheral nerve repair, in particular using hydrolysable materials for the parallel organization of nerve support cells, prior to in vivo study. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 1250–1260. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrochemical characterization of Geobacter sulfurreducens cells immobilized on graphite paper electrodes
Authors: Srikanth Shweta , Marsili Enrico , Flickinger Michael C. , Bond Daniel R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBacteria able to transfer electrons to conductive surfaces are of interest as catalysts in microbial fuel cells, as well as in bioprocessing, bioremediation, and corrosion. New procedures for immobilization of Geobacter sulfurreducens on graphite electrodes are described that allow routine, repeatable electrochemical analysis of cell–electrode interactions. Immediately after immobilizing G. sulfurreducens on electrodes, electrical current was obtained without addition of exogenous electron shuttles or electroactive polymers. Voltammetry and impedance analysis of pectin‐immobilized bacteria transferring electrons to electrode surfaces could also be performed. Cyclic voltammetry of immobilized cells revealed voltage‐dependent catalytic current similar to what is commonly observed with adsorbed enzymes, with catalytic waves centered at −0.15 V (vs. SHE). Electrodes maintained at +0.25 V (vs. SHE) initially produced 0.52 A/m2 in the presence of acetate as the electron donor. Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy of coatings was also consistent with a catalytic mechanism, controlled by charge transfer rate. When electrodes were maintained at an oxidizing potential for 24 h, electron transfer to electrodes increased to 1.75 A/m2. These observations of electron transfer by pectin‐entrapped G. sulfurreducens appear to reflect native mechanisms used for respiration. The ability of washed G. sulfurreducens cells to immediately produce electrical current was consistent with the external surface of this bacterium possessing a pathway linking oxidative metabolism to extracellular electron transfer. This electrochemical activity of pectin‐immobilized bacteria illustrates a strategy for preparation of catalytic electrodes and study of Geobacter under defined conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 1065–1073. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zinc chloride inhibition of Nitrosococcus mobilis
Authors: Radniecki T.S. , Ely R.L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractNitrosococcus mobilis, a halophilic nitrifier, plays an important role in global nitrogen cycling and in the removal of nitrogen from wastewater treatment plants. However, ammonia oxidation is sensitive to a wide variety of inhibitors, including the heavy metal, zinc. Using a metabolic‐steady‐state reactor, shotgun DNA microarrays, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), this research looked at the dynamic physiological and transcriptional responses of N. mobilis to 1 and 10 µM ZnCl2. By oxygen uptake rate measurements, zinc was determined to act directly on the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) enzyme. The addition of excess copper prevented the inhibition of AMO by ZnCl2 suggesting that zinc and copper compete for placement in the metal active site in AMO. Shotgun DNA microarrays identified four previously unsequenced genes that were up‐ or down‐regulated in response to 10 µM ZnCl2. Genes up‐regulated in response to zinc inhibition include methionine synthase I, UbiA prenyltransferase and a recG‐like helicase. RuBisCO was the lone down‐regulated gene identified. qPCR was used to track the gene expression of the identified genes over the course of the 4‐h experiment for both ZnCl2 concentrations. Because of their physiological importance, the expressions of AMO and hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) were also monitored via qPCR. The qPCR results showed general agreement with the shotgun DNA microarray results for metH, UbiA, recG and RuBisCO, and revealed that AMO and HAO expression levels were maintained or modestly up‐regulated during ZnCl2 inhibition. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 1085–1095. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biodegradation of PCBs in two‐phase partitioning bioreactors following solid extraction from soil
Authors: Rehmann Lars , Daugulis Andrew J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis article demonstrates the feasibility of a novel process concept for the remediation of PCB contaminated soil. The proposed process consists of PCB extraction from soil using solid polymer beads, followed by biodegradation of the extracted PCBs in a solid–liquid two‐phase partitioning bioreactor (TPPB), where PCBs are delivered from the polymer beads to the degrading organisms. The commercially available thermoplastic polymer Hytrel™ was used to extract Aroclor® 1242 from contaminated artificial soil in bench scale experiments. Initial PCB contamination levels of 100 and 1,000 mg kg−1 could be reduced to 32% ± 1 to 41% ± 7 of the initial value after 48 h mixing in the presence of a mobilizing agent at polymer‐to‐soil ratios of 1% (w/w) and 10% (w/w). The decrease of detectable PCBs in the soil was consistent with an increase of PCBs in the polymer beads. It was further shown that Aroclor® 1242 could be delivered to the PCB degrading organism Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 in a solid–liquid TPPB via Hytrel™ beads. A total of 70 mg Aroclor® 1242 could be degraded in a 1 L solid–liquid TPPB within 80 h of operation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 1273–1280. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic significance of magnetic resonance imaging-detected extramural vascular invasion in rectal cancer
Authors: Smith N J , Barbachano Y , Norman A R , Swift R I , Abulafi A M , Brown G 
Published: October 2007

Abstract

Background
Extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) is a poor prognostic feature in colorectal cancer. The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting EMVI and predicting relapse-free survival (RFS) was compared retrospectively with the histological reference standard.

Methods
Preoperative magnetic resonance images from patients diagnosed with rectal and sigmoid cancer were reviewed and an MRI-EMVI score (range 0 to 4) was assigned. Comparison was made with histology and clinical outcome.

Results
Some 142 patients with a median follow-up of 3·3 (range 0·9–5·7) years were reviewed. Histological EMVI was reported in a quarter of patients. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI detection of EMVI in 94 patients undergoing primary surgery were 62 and 88 per cent respectively. On univariable analysis, RFS at 3 years was 35 per cent for patients with an MRI-EMVI score of 3–4, compared with 74 per cent for those with a score of 0–2 (P &lt; 0·001), similar to values in patients with positive and negative histological EMVI status respectively (34 versus 73·7 per cent; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
High MRI-EMVI scores may help in predicting disease relapse.
Glycochips from Polyanionic Glycopolymers as Tools for Detecting Shiga Toxins
Authors: Uzawa Hirotaka , Ito Hiroki , Neri Paola , Mori Hiroshi , Nishida Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAn alternating layer‐by‐layer adsorption methodology was applied to the assembly of glycochips by using synthetic polyanionic glycopolymers. Three glycochips carrying globobioside (Gb2), β‐lactoside (β‐Lac), or α‐D‐mannoside (α‐Man) residues were prepared, and used for the detection of Shiga toxins, Stx‐1 and Stx‐2, by using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Using this method, we could confirm that both Stx‐1 and Stx‐2 show binding specificity for the Gb2 glycochip as well as a weak affinity for the β‐Lac glycochip. The affinity constants of these toxins depended strongly on the sugar content of the Gb2 polymer used to prepare the glycochip. Greater affinity was observed for chips with a higher sugar content (up to 43 %) in the Gb2 glycopolymer. The maximal affinity constants of Stx‐1 and Stx‐2 (Ka=108–109 M−1) enabled highly sensitive and facile analysis (10 ng mL−1, 30 min). When Gb2 glycopolymers were used as competitors, Stx‐1 and Stx‐2 behaved differently from one another in terms of their SPR response; this allowed us to perform discriminative analysis between the two toxins.
Intravascular ultrasound‐guided wiring for chronic total occlusion
Authors: Furuichi Shinichi , Airoldi Flavio , Colombo Antonio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis report describes a wiring technique for a blunt chronic total occlusion with a side branch at the site of occlusion for which the operator has difficulty of awareness of the proper entry point angiographically. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retrograde application of the buddy wire technique
Authors: Henderson, David , Gunalingam Brendan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe report the case of an 85‐year‐old man who presented with worsening exertional dyspnoea 18 months after coronary artery bypass surgery for critical three vessel coronary artery disease. Coronary angiography revealed an anastomotic stricture between a radial artery graft and the first diagonal branch. Percutaneous coronary intervention utilizing a retrograde application of the “buddy” wire technique was then performed. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of advanced chronic kidney disease on in‐hospital mortality following percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Vasu Sujethra , Gruberg Luis , Brown David L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackground: The impact of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the acute phase of myocardial infarction is poorly understood. We assessed the impact of CKD (stages 3–5) on the in‐hospital outcomes of patients undergoing PCI for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a statewide registry. Methods: This study evaluated all patients who underwent PCI in New York State between 1997 and 1999. Of the 9,015 patients, 94 (1%) had at least stage 3 CKD (serum creatinine for AMI > 2.5 mg/dL) and were not on dialysis. Patients with advanced CKD were compared with those without advanced CKD using univariate and multivariate methods. The primary outcome of interest was in‐hospital mortality. Results: Patients with advanced CKD had a higher incidence of diabetes, hypertension, and peripheral vascular disease. Patients with advanced CKD presented more commonly with cardiogenic shock or heart failure. The unadjusted in‐hospital mortality was 23.4% for patients with advanced CKD compared with 4.2% for patients without advanced CKD (P < 0.001). After adjusting for the increased comorbidity and high risk clinical features, advanced CKD remained an independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio 2.4, 95% Confidence Interval, 1.002–5.804, P = 0.049). Conclusions: Patients with AMI and advanced CKD who undergo PCI have more comorbidities and significantly worse in‐hospital outcomes than patients without advanced CKD. Even after adjusting for these comorbidities, advanced CKD remains an independent predictor of increased in‐hospital mortality. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pigtail slip‐knot catches the heart
Authors: Chuang Wen‐Po , Chiu Kuan‐Ming 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAn 83‐year‐old woman had pigtail pericardiocentesis under echo‐guidance. The redundancy of pigtail catheter formed a slip‐knot which caught the entire heart tightly during removal. Small thoracotomy was necessary to relieve the knot. The extremely rare condition was reported. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New bifurcation guidewire technique: A reversed guidewire technique for extremely angulated bifurcation—A case report
Authors: Kawasaki, Tomohiro , Koga Hishashi , Serikawa Takeshi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe experienced a successfully treated case who had 99% stenosis with a severe delay of the ostial LAD which bifurcated steeply from the LMT. On treating this extreme situation, we used the newly developed “reversed guidewire” technique, and two Cypher™ stents were deployed as a cullotte‐stent for the LMT bifurcation successfully. The “reversed guidewire” technique is considered to be a useful method for treating of extremely angled bifurcation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pimecrolimus and dual pimecrolimus‐paclitaxel eluting stents decrease neointimal proliferation in a porcine model
Authors: Berg Ryan , Aragon Joseph , Royter Vladimir , Shanley John F. , Cogert Greg , Vermani Renu , Kar Saibal , Eigler Neal , Litvack Frank 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectives and Background:The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness and vascular response of a pimecrolimus drug eluting stent and a combination (pimecrolimus + paclitaxel) stent as compared with bare metal controls in the porcine coronary model.Methods and Results:In the first phase of the study, cobalt chromium stents were loaded with an erodible polymer and either a slow release or a fast release formulation of pimecrolimus. Thirty stents (metal, n = 10; pimecrolimus slow, n = 10; pimecrolimus fast, n = 10) were implanted in the coronary arteries of 10 pigs. At 30 days, neointimal proliferation and inflammation were both significantly less in the pimecrolimus fast release group as compared with the bare metal controls. Endothelialization was complete and equal in all three groups of stents. In the second phase of the study, stents were loaded with an erodible polymer with alternating reservoirs of paclitaxel and pimecrolimus. Twenty stents (8 control stents and 12 dual stents) were implanted in the coronary arteries of seven pigs. At 30 days, neointimal proliferation was significantly less in the dual drug group as compared with the bare metal controls. Endothelialization was complete in both groups of stents, suggesting complete healing of the arteries.Conclusions:In a 30‐day porcine stent model, pimecrolimus inhibits neointimal proliferation as compared with bare metal stents. Also, the proof of concept of a dual drug eluting stent was established showing both safety and efficacy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous aortic valve replacement for severe aortic regurgitation in degenerated bioprosthesis: The first valve in valve procedure using the corevalve revalving system
Authors: Wenaweser Peter , Buellesfeld Lutz , Gerckens Ulrich , Grube Eberhard 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPercutaneous valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis has shown to be an alternative treatment option for non‐surgical candidates. We report on the first successful valve in valve procedure in an 80‐year‐old patient with a severe regurgitation of a degenerated aortic bioprosthesis using the Corevalve Revalving system. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.