bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripherin, A New Promising Biomarker in Neurological Disorders
Authors: Manco Carlo , Righi Delia , Primiano Guido , Romano Angela , Luigetti Marco , Leonardi Luca , De Stefano Nicola , Plantone Domenico 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPeripherin is a class III intermediate filament protein that has recently gained attention as a potential biomarker for axonal damage in the peripheral nervous system. This review examines peripherin gene expression, protein structure, and its functions in both healthy and diseased states. Peripherin is predominantly expressed in the peripheral nervous system, especially in motor and sensory neurons, and plays a critical role in neurite growth, stability, and axonal transport during myelination. Its expression is regulated by various cytokines and undergoes several post‐transcriptional modifications. Peripherin interacts with multiple proteins, including neurofilaments and kinases, influencing cytoskeletal dynamics and neuronal functions. The review also explores peripherin involvement in several neurological disorders, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, where its abnormal expression and aggregation contribute to disease pathology. Additionally, peripherin has been linked to polyneuropathies, traumatic axonal injury, and diabetic neuropathy, suggesting its broader relevance as a biomarker in these conditions. The potential of peripherin as a biomarker is further supported by recent studies using ultrasensitive detection methods, which have identified elevated peripherin levels in the serum of patients with neurological diseases. Despite the promising findings, the application of peripherin as a biomarker in clinical settings remains limited, primarily due to challenges in its detection and the need for further validation in diverse patient populations. Future research directions include the development of more sensitive assays and the exploration of peripherin's role in non‐neuronal tissues, which may expand its diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
A Fungal Endophyte Alters Poplar Leaf Chemistry, Deters Insect Feeding and Shapes Insect Community Assembly
Authors: Walther Christin , Vallet Marine , Reichelt Michael , Giri Prajakta , Rothe Beate , Negwer Elina J. , van Berkum Pamela Medina , Gershenzon Jonathan , Unsicker Sybille B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFungal endophytes of grasses and other herbaceous plants have been known to provide plants with anti‐herbivore defence compounds, but there is little information about whether the endophytes of trees also engage in such mutualisms. We investigated the influence of the endophytic fungus Cladosporium sp. on the chemical defences of black poplar (Populus nigra) trees and the consequences for feeding preference and fitness of herbivorous insects and insect community assembly. Endophyte colonisation increased both constitutive‐ and induced poplar defences. Generalist Lymantria dispar larvae preferred and performed better on uninfected over endophyte‐infected poplar leaves, most likely due to higher concentrations of salicinoids in endophyte‐inoculated leaves and the endophyte‐produced alkaloid stachydrine. Under field conditions, the endophytic fungus shapes insect community assembly i. a. attracting aphids, which can excrete stachydrine. Our results show that endophytic fungi play a crucial role in the defence against insects from different feeding guilds and thereby structuring insect communities.
DIE GEDICHTE IN DÖBLINS DIE DREI SPRÜNGE DES WANG‐LUN: ZEICHEN EINER CHINESISCHEN POETOLOGIE
Authors: Jiang Ying , Mardaus Frank 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis article examines Döblin's use of original Chinese poetry – not only by the most famous poets of the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu and Bai Juyi, but also by the less widely known poet of the Qing Dynasty, Yuan Mei. Some of the original sources that Döblin traced through translations into German and commentaries have never been identified before. The poems are not used to emphasise an atmosphere but to form a framework for strategic and existential arguments. This becomes evident in the scene examined below, where the beautiful rebel Liang tries to assert herself against the politics and aesthetics of her adversary by means of a poem. At the same time, her poetic choice hints at her own deviant sexuality and the novel's distinct rendition of human drives and needs. Other well‐known Chinese poems enhance the description of events in the emperor's palace, which enables us to construct a relevant ‘Chinese’ poetics for the entire novel – not in the strict forms of Chinese classical poetry, but simply in a new prose structure which allows the melancholy and sublimity of the underlying tone to fade in favour of a complexity that is nevertheless true‐to‐life.
Vascular endothelial growth factor released from lenvatinib‐resistant hepatocellular carcinoma promotes malignant behavior and drug resistance through tumor‐associated macrophages
Authors: Takehara Yukako , Waki Yuhei , Morine Yuji , Saito Yu , Teraoku Hiroki , Wada Yuma , Yamada Shinichiro , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Shimada Mitsuo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimLenvatinib is one of the molecularly targeted drugs used worldwide in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, but the acquisition of drug resistance is a major problem. The mechanisms that make HCC lenvatinib‐resistant (LR) in the tumor microenvironment are largely unknown. Here, we examined the impact of LR HCC cells on tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) regarding tumor progression and drug resistance, focusing on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion by LR HCC cells.MethodsHepatocellular carcinoma cells were cultured with lenvatinib to obtain cells with approximately 4‐fold lenvatinib resistance. Monocyte‐derived macrophages were cultured in the conditioned medium (CM) of LR HCC to induce LR TAMs. Secretion of VEGF by naïve HCC cells, LR HCC cells, TAMs, and LR TAMs was assessed. The macrophage phenotype and VEGFR2 expression in both TAMs were evaluated. Additionally, the effects of inhibiting VEGF secretion in LR HCC cells on the TAM malignant potential were investigated. Tumor‐associated macrophages induced by VEGF‐inhibited LR HCC were defined as modified LR TAMs.ResultsSecretion of VEGF was elevated in LR HCC. Lenvatinib‐resistant TAMs had increased expression of M2‐like macrophage markers and increased expression of VEGFR2 compared with naïve HCC‐derived TAMs. Lenvatinib‐resistant TAM‐CM promoted malignant behaviors and lenvatinib resistance in naïve HCC cells and LR HCC cells. However, the modified LR TAMs did not increase M2 polarization markers or decreased VEGFR2 expression. The elevated VEGF secretion in LR TAMs was not seen in modified LR TAMs.ConclusionsIncreased VEGF secretion from LR HCC promoted malignant behaviors and lenvatinib resistance through LR TAMs in the tumor microenvironment.
Genome‐Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Trihelix Gene Family in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Under Salt and Drought Stress
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Cheng Yan , Jian Lingmin , Wang Hongda , Li Haoxin , Shen Zihao , Ying Wenyu , Yin Zhengong , Zhang Qi , Du Jidao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTriple‐helix transcription factors (GT factors) play a pivotal role in plant abiotic stress responses and growth and development. Named for their specific binding affinity to GT factors, they are clustered into five subgroups: GT‐1, GT‐2, GT‐γ, SIP1 and SH4. In Phaseolus vulgaris, 43 GT family members have been identified through reference genome analysis. PvGT members exhibit uneven genomic distribution, and members within the same subgroup share similar gene structures and motifs. Cis‐acting element analysis indicates the involvement of PvGTs in hormonal signalling and abiotic stress regulation. Collinearity analysis revealed four pairs of homologous PvGTs. To investigate their expression patterns, nine PvGTs with high expression levels were selected for quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) analysis. Among these, PvGT02, PvGT28, PvGT30 and PvGT34 were significantly upregulated under salt and drought stress. Functional characterisation demonstrated that PvGT02 significantly enhanced yeast tolerance to salt and drought stresses. These findings collectively contribute to our understanding of the PvGT family evolution in common bean, providing a foundation for further exploration. Additionally, PvGT02 emerges as a potential candidate gene for breeding salt and drought tolerance.
Facilitating Depth of Explanation: Utilising Reflective Feedback in Collaborative Learning Environments
Authors: Yi Suping , Sintawati Wayan , Zhang Yibing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundNatural language processing (NLP) and machine learning technologies offer significant advantages, such as facilitating the delivery of reflective feedback in collaborative learning environments while minimising technical constraints for educators related to time and location. Recently, scholars' interest in reflective feedback has increased scientifically. However, robust empirical evidence evaluating the impacts of feedback mechanisms and innovative NLP methods on enhancing the quality of explanations in knowledge building (KB) remains limited.ObjectivesThis study investigated whether reflective feedback can assist primary school students in internalising and enhancing the depth of their explanations within a KB context.MethodEmploying a design‐based research methodology, this study involved 32 sixth‐grade students from a primary school in Yangzhou, China, who engaged in a 15‐week KB learning initiative.Results and ConclusionsThe findings indicated that (1) students achieved significant progress in developing deep explanations, marked by improvements in logicality, consistency, convergence and structure and (2) students perceived reflective feedback as a critical factor in developing robust and profound explanations and demonstrated positively to the feedback.ImplicationsThese findings deepened our understanding of explanatory and assessment strategies in KB and highlighted the substantial instructional, technological and practical implications of reflective feedback for educators and learners.
Experimental Challenge of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) With Tenacibaculum maritimum and Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi Fulfils Koch's Postulates
Authors: Kumanan Karthiga , Carson Jeremy , Hunter Ryan B. J. , Rolton Anne , von Ammon Ulla , Bandaranayake Chaya , Angelucci Connie , Morrison Richard N. , Walker Seumas P. , Symonds Jane E. , Hutson Kate S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe bacterial skin disease tenacibaculosis, caused by Tenacibaculum species, affects numerous economically important marine fish, including salmonids. This study reports the ability of three Tenacibaculum maritimum strains, belonging to different molecular O‐AGC types, and a single Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi strain to induce tenacibaculosis in farmed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Walbaum 1792) in Aotearoa New Zealand. Naïve Chinook salmon were exposed to T. maritimum (2 × 108 cells/mL) and T. dicentrarchi (2 × 107 cells/mL) by immersion using natural seawater. Clinical signs of tenacibaculosis were apparent in all T. maritimum strains used in the challenged fish. Of these, 100% of the fish challenged with O‐AGC Type 2‐1 and Type 3‐2 strains became moribund, whereas only 60% of the O‐AGC Type 3‐0 challenged fish became moribund. Fish exposed to T. dicentrarchi showed more severe symptoms, exposing musculature in 51% of the challenged population, with 28% of fish becoming moribund. Gross pathological signs of fin rot, scale loss, skin ulcers and haemorrhagic skin spots were observed for both Tenacibaculum species and were consistent with those observed on farmed fish. Pure T. maritimum and T. dicentrarchi cultures were reisolated from epidermal damage of challenged fish. Tenacibaculum species was not isolated from the anterior kidney of affected fish, which indicates no systemic infection in Chinook salmon.
AutoSAFT: Autofocusing for extended depth of imaging in scanning acoustic microscopy
Authors: Khan M Sarim Ameed , Ojha Shivam , Gupta Shubham Kumar , Shelke Amit , Ahmad Azeem , Melandsø Frank , Habib Anowarul 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn the scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) imaging, it is essential to address the diminished lateral resolution in the out‐of‐focus region, as image quality correlates with the ultrasound propagation distance either above or below the focal plane. To focus the scanned image, a refocusing technique called synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) is widely used, which improves the resolution by extending the depth of focus manually. In SAM, refocusing the image accurately is challenging without prior defocusing information. This paper introduces AutoSAFT, an automated version of SAFT. It employs the reference‐less image‐quality index (IQI) called Blind/Referenceless Image Spatial Quality Evaluator (BRISQUE) score to evaluate and optimise the defocusing distance automatically. The focused images were qualitatively analysed using metrics such as structural similarity index matrix (SSIM) and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR). The combined qualitative and quantitative analysis demonstrates that the AutoSAFT technique is the most suitable method for the automatic focusing of acoustic imaging from the SAM. The proposed AutoSAFT opens a new avenue in photoacoustic image focusing methodologies.
Labour Mobility and Colonial and Forced Labour Regimes in Indonesia: A Long‐Term View
Authors: Bosma Ulbe 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIncorporated into the global economy to provide the commodities for core capitalist countries, Indonesia experienced a variety of predominantly unfree labour regimes that connected local societies to global markets. These regimes varied from slavery, coerced labour imposed by colonial authorities, to extensive patterns of leverage employers hold over workers through advance payments. This paper gives an overview of different forms of exploitation pursued both by Dutch colonialism as well as local rulers from the 1600s onwards; it explores how these varied over time and place and how a major divergence of labour regimes happened in the 19th century wherein densely populated Java followed a different trajectory from other islands that were mostly thinly populated. In Java, plantation agriculture became embedded in local rural economies whereas production for the global market in other parts of the Indonesian archipelago led to an upsurge of slave‐based production. Only in the 20th century did this bifurcated pattern of labour recruitment start to converge, wherein hundreds of thousands of Javanese migrant workers were recruited under indentured conditions. In conclusion, the paper demonstrates how these patterns have left their legacies in postcolonial times.
Longitudinal Evaluation of Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Antimicrobial Peptides, and Immunomodulatory Genes in Hospitalized Foals
Authors: Kamr Ahmed M. , Bartish Celine , Summers Jamie , Horton Julia , Hostnik Laura D. , Orr Kindra , Browne Nimet , Dembek Katarzyna A. , Saliba Caroline , Gomez Diego E. , Toribio Ramiro E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundInformation about the association of antimicrobial peptides with hypovitaminosis D in hospitalized foals is lacking.Hypothesis/ObjectivesWe aimed to longitudinally determine the association of serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D binding protein (DBP), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) with antimicrobial peptides (β‐defensin‐1 and cathelicidin‐1) and the mRNA expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1α‐hydroxylase (CYP27B1), 24‐hydroxylase (CYP24A1), toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR‐4), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), disease severity, and mortality in hospitalized foals. We hypothesized that hypovitaminosis D would be associated with decreased serum concentrations of antimicrobial peptides, disease severity, and mortality in hospitalized foals.AnimalsOne hundred nine foals ≤ 72 h of age divided into hospitalized (n = 83; 60 septic, 23 sick nonseptic [SNS]) and healthy (n = 26) foals.MethodsBlood samples were collected on admission (0), and 24, 48, and 72 h after admission from healthy and hospitalized foals. Data were analyzed by repeated measure methods.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, DBP, β‐defensin‐1, and cathlicidin‐1 concentrations were significantly lower, whereas PTH concentrations were higher in hospitalized compared to healthy foals at different times during hospitalization (p < 0.05). Septic foals had lower VDR and CYP27B1, but higher TLR‐4, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β mRNA expression than in healthy foals (p < 0.05). Decreased serum 25(OH)D, β‐defensin‐1, and cathelicidin‐1, and high PTH concentrations were associated with higher odds of death in hospitalized foals (p < 0.05).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDecreased vitamin D metabolite concentrations and decreased antimicrobial peptide concentrations suggest that vitamin D has important immunomodulatory functions in newborn foals.
Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopes Evidence High Trophic Segregation Within a Meso‐ to Bathypelagic Micronektonic Invertebrate Community From Canyons in the North‐East Atlantic
Authors: Loutrage Liz , Spitz Jérôme , Brind'Amour Anik , Chouvelon Tiphaine 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn deep‐pelagic ecosystems, the trophic ecology of micronektonic species (such as fish, jellyfish, krill, shrimps, and cephalopods) is largely overlooked, with most research focusing almost exclusively on fish. However, like fish, invertebrate organisms play key roles in food webs, both as consumers and as predators. Here, we aimed to provide an integrated overview of the relative trophic position, segregation, and overlap of all main groups of species constituting the deep‐pelagic micronektonic community. Stable nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) isotope compositions have thus been measured in 13 species belonging to three groups (jellyfish, crustaceans, and cephalopods) sampled in the Bay of Biscay slope area (Northeast Atlantic), as proxies for trophic level and feeding habitat of species. The addition of published isotopic data from deep‐pelagic fish sampled in the same zone also allowed the inclusion of vertebrates in the analyses of the trophic structure of the community. The invertebrate community exhibited wide ranges of δ15N and δ13C values (6.45‰ and 2.71‰, respectively). Cephalopods appeared to segregate along a continuum of δ15N values, with important differences between muscular and fast‐swimming species (Histioteuthis reversa and Todarodes sagittatus) presenting higher δ15N values than gelatinous species (Teuthowenia megalops and Haliphron atlanticus). In contrast, crustaceans appeared to have lower δ15N values and to be more strongly segregated by δ13C values, suggesting different feeding habitats (range δ13C = 2.71‰). Some species showed more pelagic (13C‐depleted) signatures (e.g., Meganyctiphanes norvegica) while others showed 13C‐enriched values, possibly corresponding to a more benthopelagic diet (e.g., the two Pasiphaeidae species). Isotopic niche calculations at the group level revealed important overlaps between cephalopods and fish, as well as between jellyfish and crustaceans. These results are of significant importance for understanding the complex functioning of growing interest deep‐pelagic food webs on slope areas, by promoting a multi‐taxa approach.
Genomics‐Enabled Mixed‐Stock Analysis Uncovers Intraspecific Migratory Complexity and Detects Unsampled Populations in a Harvested Fish
Authors: Gibelli Julie , Won Hari , Michaelides Sozos , Jeon Hyung‐Bae , Fraser Dylan J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe contributions of distinct populations to annual harvests provide key insights to conservation, especially in migratory species that return to specific reproductive areas. In this context, genetic stock identification (GSI) requires reference samples from source populations to assign harvested individuals, yet sampling might be challenging as reproductive areas could be remote and/or unknown. To investigate intraspecific variation in walleye (Sander vitreus) populations harvested in two large lakes in northern Quebec, we used genotyping‐by‐sequencing data to develop a panel of 303 filtered single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. We then genotyped 1465 fish and assessed individual migration distances from GPS coordinates of capture locations. Samples were assigned to a source population using two methods, one requiring allele frequencies of known populations (RUBIAS) and the other without prior knowledge (STRUCTURE). Individual assignments to a known population reached 93% consistency between both methods in the main lake where we identified all five major source populations. However, the analyses also revealed up to three small unsampled populations. Furthermore, populations were characterised by large differences in average migration distance. In contrast, assignment consistency reached 99% in the neighbouring lake and walleye were assigned with high confidence to two populations having a similar distribution throughout the lake. The complex population structure and migration patterns in the main lake suggest a more heterogeneous habitat and thus, greater potential for local adaptation. This study highlights how combining analytical approaches can inform the robustness of GSI results in a given system and detect intraspecific diversity and complexity relevant for conservation.
Evaluation of school food policies for secondary schools in Europe: Results for health, acceptance, and affordability from a scoping review
Authors: Blecha Nadia , Meuer Janina , Hübner Wiebke , Christianson Lara , Wolters Maike , Busse Heide , Hebestreit Antje , Forberger Sarah 
Published: February 2025

SummaryIntroductionAll European Union (EU) countries have established national school food policies. However, evaluations of those policies for secondary schools remain limited. This scoping review aims to synthesize the evidence of school food policies in secondary schools on child health, acceptance, and affordability in the EU, UK, Switzerland, Norway, and Iceland.MethodsThe scoping review adheres to the PRISMA‐ScR guideline. Searches were conducted in four databases from 2000 to September 2023 without language and methods restrictions following a published protocol. After a two‐stage screening process, reviewers extracted data using a standardized and predefined coding scheme.ResultsThe search identified 185 records with N = 10 articles meeting the inclusion criteria (n = 7 UK, n = 1 each in Norway, Sweden, and Portugal). Among the included articles, n = 7 addressed school meal acceptance, n = 6 addressed health impacts, and n = 3 addressed affordability. Findings indicate low acceptance rates of school meals. Results of several studies showed that the reformulated menus did not meet nutritional standards and were not accepted because of taste, quality, and pupils' different food preferences. Affordability was reported as a barrier across the three articles addressing this topic.ConclusionThe existing literature highlights challenges in interpreting the impact of school food policies on health, acceptance, and affordability. Further research is needed to strengthen the methodological approaches and increase the evidence to inform policy development and implementation.