bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New immunochemical fecal occult blood test with two‐consecutive stool sample testing is a cost‐effective approach for colon cancer screening: Results of a prospective multicenter study in Chinese patients
Authors: Li Shirong , Wang Huahong , Hu Jichun , Li Nan , Liu Yulan , Wu Zitao , Zheng Yue , Wang Honghua , Wu Kai , Ye Hui , Rao Jianyu 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to evaluate a new immunochemical fecal occult blood test method (Hemosure IFOBT), and compare it to the Guaiac‐based chemical method (CFOBT) for colorectal cancer detection. A hypothetical sequential method (SFOBT), in which IFOBT was used only as a confirmatory test for CFOBT, was also evaluated. A total of 324 patients were recruited from 5 major hospitals in Beijing, China. For each patient, 3 consecutive stool samples were collected for simultaneous CFOBT and IFOBT tests, followed by colonoscopic examination. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of the 3 methods (CFOBT, IFOBT and SFOBT) in two settings, with the first 2 consecutive samples versus all 3 samples. Although the sensitivity for the detection of cancer and large (>20 mm) or multiple adenoma was similar for all 3 methods in the three‐sample setting, in the two‐sample setting IFOBT had higher sensitivity than SFOBT for detecting cancer (87.8% vs. 75.5%, respectively, p < 0.05) and large (>20 mm) or multiple adenomas (65.4% vs. 42.3%, respectively, p < 0.05). The IFOBT also had a higher specificity than the CFOBT (89.2% vs. 75.5%, respectively, p < 0.01) in “normal” individuals defined by colonoscopy in the three‐sample setting. Comparing two‐sample setting to the three‐sample setting, both CFOBT and SFOBT showed significant loss of sensitivity for the detection of cancer as well as adenoma, whereas the sensitivity for IFOBT did not change significantly. Overall, IFOBT with two‐sample testing showed compatible sensitivity and specificity to the three‐sample testing, and had a lower relative cost per cancer detected than the three‐sample testing. In conclusion, the new Hemosure IFOBT with two consecutive stool samples appears to be the most cost‐effective approach for colon cancer screening. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing the likelihood of severe side effects in radiotherapy
Authors: Löbrich Markus , Kiefer Jürgen 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIonizing radiation is a powerful tool to treat cancer. The curing effect is mainly based on the efficiency of ionizing radiation to kill the cancer cells and it is believed that DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) represent the most significant genetic lesion introduced by radiation that causes cell killing. One limitation in radiotherapy is the unavoidable damage delivered to the normal, noncancer cells that can give rise to side effects. The ultimate goal in treatment planning is to maximize cell killing in the tumor by minimizing damage induction in the normal tissue surrounding the tumor. The biological response to the induction of DSBs is largely affected by DSB repair processes and it has, therefore, been a long‐standing goal to determine a patient's DSB repair capacity to “individualize” treatment planning. A recently developed DSB repair assay that allows the assessment of patients' repair capacity under in vivo conditions may provide a new approach to predict individuals' responses to radiotherapy and may be able to contribute to improvements in treatment planning. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biological stability and osteoconductivity in rabbit tibia of pulsed laser deposited hydroxylapatite coatings
Authors: Peraire C. , Arias J.L. , Bernal D. , Pou J. , León B. , Arañó A. , Roth W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA comparative study of the biological stability and the osteoconductivity of hydroxylapatite (HA) coatings produced by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and plasma spraying (PS) was conducted. Three different implant groups were used: grit‐blasted titanium rods coated with HA–PLD (2‐μm‐thick), grit‐blasted titanium rods coated with HA–PS (50‐μm‐thick), and uncoated. Implantation took place into the proximal tibia of 12 mature New Zealand White rabbits for 24 weeks. Samples were evaluated using descriptive histology and histomorphometry. While HA–PS implants showed considerable instability and reduction in thickness after 24 weeks, but no statistical difference to the titanium group, the HA–PLD group showed a significant higher amount of bone apposition (Scheffé test, p < 0.05) than the other two groups, without signs of degradation or dissolution. Remarkably, after 6 months, the almost intact thin pulsed laser deposited coating could be observed by electron microscopy in extended areas. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Ultrastructure and functional organization of mouthpart sensory setae of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus: New features of putative mechanoreceptors
Authors: Garm Anders , Høeg Jens T. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn comparison with other decapods, the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus has little diversity in the external morphology of the setae on the mouth apparatus. In mouthpart areas that frequently touch food items only two types of setae can be distinguished: simple setae and cuspidate setae. Simple setae are by far more numerous. The ultrastructural data presented here show that both types of seta are bimodal, in that they both contain mechano‐ and chemosensory cells as indicated by morphological features. The morphological features divide the sensory cells into three types: type 1, which has a mechanosensory appearance; type 2, which has a chemosensory appearance; and type 3, which is believed to be a mechanoreceptor due to desmosomal connections to a scolopale. All three cell types were found in all examined setae. In an earlier study the simple setae were found to contain two types of mechanosensors: bend‐sensitive cells and displacement‐sensitive cells. The morphological arrangement of the outer dendritic segment described in the present study cannot explain this division. Instead, it is suggested that the difference in sensitivity is caused by a differential arrangement of their stretch‐sensitive ion channels. This hypothesis also provides an explanation for the earlier observation that only bend cells respond to changes in osmolarity. J. Morphol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of lignans and free and linked hydroxy‐tyrosol and tyrosol in extra virgin olive oil after hydrolysis processes
Authors: Mulinacci Nadia , Giaccherini Catia , Ieri Francesca , Innocenti Marzia , Romani Annalisa , Vincieri Franco F 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe describe chemical hydrolytic procedures to evaluate the total amount of tyrosol and hydroxy‐tyrosol free and/or linked to secoiridoidic molecules (acid hydrolysis). At the same time a rapid determination of the lignans in complex minor polar compound (MPC) extracts is proposed (alkaline hydrolysis). High‐performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) and HPLC/MS were applied as reference methods to evaluate the quantitative results from the hydrolysis experiments. The optimized acid hydrolysis procedures were first applied to an oleuropein standard and then to MPC fractions extracted from several commercial extra virgin olive oils. The results confirm the applicability of the method, consisting in the acid hydrolysis of complex mixtures of secoiridoidic derivatives, to determine the antioxidant potential in terms of MPC. These data can contribute to forecasting the potential ageing resistance of an extra virgin olive oil in terms of antioxidant potency. Finally, alkaline hydrolysis allows confirmation and easy determination of the amount of lignans, especially in those MPC fractions which are particularly complex. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetic Behavior of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Dimethacrylates
Authors: Yu Qiang , Zhang Jingzhi , Cheng Minglian , Zhu Shiping 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSummary: The reaction behavior and kinetics of the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates (PEGDMA) were studied with respect to polymerization rate, vinyl conversion and the development of a crosslinked network. The polymerization rates were much slower than the corresponding conventional free radical polymerizations with the ATRP systems exhibiting milder autoacceleration. The linear relationship of the semi‐logarithmic kinetic plot of ln([M]0/[M]) vs. time did not provide good evidence for any living nature of the system because of the combined effects of diffusion controlled radical deactivation and diffusion controlled monomer propagation. The influence of the spacer length (CH2CH2O)x between the vinyl moieties of the dimethacrylates on the polymerization kinetics was examined. The polymerization rate and final vinyl conversion increased as value of x decreased from 14 to 9 to 4. These increases in rate and conversion were caused by a more rigid network structure with shorter spacer lengths, and thus more restricted diffusion of the catalyst/ligand complexes that impeded the radical deactivation. The effect of temperature on the polymerization rate and final vinyl conversion were also investigated.Apparent rate constants versus vinyl conversions for the ATRP of PEGDMA with the different spacer lengths at 100 °C.magnified imageApparent rate constants versus vinyl conversions for the ATRP of PEGDMA with the different spacer lengths at 100 °C.
New Group IV Metallocene Systems Active in the Copolymerization of α‐Olefins and Conjugated Dienes
Authors: Napoli Mariagrazia , Pragliola Stefania , Costabile Chiara , Longo Pasquale 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSummary: Rac‐[CH2(2,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐cyclopentadienyl)2]ZrCl2 (1), rac‐[CH2(3‐tert‐butyl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroindenyl)2]ZrCl2 (2), rac‐[CH2(3‐isopropyl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroindenyl)2]ZrCl2 (3), and rac‐[CH2(3‐methyl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroindenyl)2]ZrCl2 (4) were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR analysis. These C2 symmetric ansa‐zirconocenes, activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO), were able to promote copolymerization of ethene and 1,3‐butadiene. The structures of the copolymers are strongly influenced by zirconocene utilized as catalytic precursor. Depending on the reaction conditions polyethenes containing cyclopropane and cyclopentane rings, or 1,1‐ 1,3‐butadiene inserted constitutional units, were obtained.Structures of the synthesized catalytic precursors.magnified imageStructures of the synthesized catalytic precursors.
Possible mechanisms of the cancer‐preventive activities of green tea
Authors: Yang Chung S. , Sang Shengmin , Lambert Joshua D. , Hou Zhe , Ju Jihyeung , Lu Gang 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe cancer‐preventive activities of tea and some tea constituents, such as caffeine and (–)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), have been demonstrated in animal models. The mechanisms of action of the tea constituents have been extensively investigated, but the mechanisms for the cancer‐preventive activity of tea are not clearly understood. This chapter discusses some of the reported studies on the green tea polyphenol, EGCG, and the major issues in the interpretation of these data. Among the different activities of EGCG observed in cell culture systems, we need to select the physiologically relevant ones based on the biological importance of the target as well as the effective concentration and whether the reaction can take place in vivo because of the limited bioavailability of EGCG. We also need to distinguish between primary and subsequent events. Possible artifacts should be recognized. The cancer‐preventive mechanisms need to be validated in animal models or human samples.
1H and 13C spectral assignment of 4‐aryl‐1,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐2,7,7,5‐oxo‐quinolines 3‐substituted derivatives
Authors: Salfrán Esperanza , Suárez Margarita , Molero Dolores , Martínez‐Álvarez Roberto , Verdecia Yamila , Ochoa Estael , Alvarez Amaury , Seoane Carlos , Herrera Antonio , Martín Nazario 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data for 4‐aryl‐1,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐2,7,7,5‐oxo‐quinoline 3‐substituted derivatives have been fully assigned by the combination of one‐ and two dimensional experiments (DEPT, HMBC, HMQC, COSY, NOE). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genes associated with the formation of germ cells from embryonic stem cells in cultures containing different glucose concentrations
Authors: Mizuno Kentaro , Tokumasu Ako , Nakamura Aya , Hayashi Yutaro , Kojima Yoshiyuki , Kohri Kenjiro , Noce Toshiaki 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn a previous study, we established a system for visualizing the development of germ cells from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells in culture using knock‐in ES clones in which visual reporter genes were expressed from the mouse vasa homolog, Mvh. While assessing various culture conditions, we found that germ‐cell formation was markedly depressed in low glucose medium. Using a repeated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) subtraction method, we identified genes that were differentially expressed in low versus high glucose media. Three genes that were predominantly expressed in high glucose medium, thioredoxin‐interacting protein (Txnip), pituitary tumor‐transforming gene 1 (Pttg), and RuvB‐like protein 2 (RuvBl2), were further investigated. These genes were also found to be highly expressed in adult and embryonic gonads, and RuvBl2 in particular, which encodes an ATP‐dependent DNA helicase, was specifically detected in the spermatocytes and spermatids of the adult testis as well as in primordial germ cells. Furthermore, using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion construct, we found that RuvBl2 was expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of testicular germ cells. These findings suggest a possible relationship between glucose metabolism and germ‐cell development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of vitellogenin in the shrimp Metapenaeus ensis: Expression studies and hormonal regulation of MeVg1 transcription in vitro
Authors: Tiu Shirley H.K. , Hui Jerome H.L. , HE Jian‐Guo , Tobe Stephen S. , Chan Siu‐Ming 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDuring gonad maturation, female shrimp accumulate the major egg yolk protein vitellin (Vn) in premolt stage, and the process of molting and reproduction is synchronized. Using a polyclonal anti‐Vn antibody, immunopositive signals could be detected in the ovary and among the proteins secreted by the hepatopancreas by Western blot. In the ovary, Vn immunoreactivity was located in the posterior lobe. Hepatopancreas proteins with sizes identical to ovary vitellogenin (Vg) subunits (i.e., 78 and 157 kDa) were immunoreactive to the Vn antibody and these proteins included amino acid sequences identical to parts of the MeVg1 precursor. A major 7.8 kb MeVg1 transcript, was detected in the ovary. In the hepatopancreas, the transcripts were primarily small (<2.3 kb) and while the 7.8 kb transcript which constitutes <50% of the total Vg mRNA. MeVg1 transcript could be detected in the hepatopancreas of juvenile females with a maximum level during late intermolt and early premolt. To study the effect of different hormones on expression of MeVg1, explant cultures of hepatopancreas and ovary were developed. Although several hormones (20‐hydroxyecdysone, estradiol (ES), farnesoic acid (FA), juvenile hormone (JH) III, methyl farnesoate, and progesterone (PG)) apparently stimulated MeVg1 gene expression, only FA consistently stimulated MeVg1 expression by the hepatopancreas explants, while both FA and 20‐hydroxyecdysone were stimulated ovarian explants. In summary, (i) Vg transcripts can be detected in both reproductive and nonreproductive females; (ii) the presence of large quantities of smaller Vg transcripts and the absence of a large Vg precursor from the hepatopancreas suggests that smaller MeVg1 transcripts provide an important contribution to Vg synthesis in shrimp. Our results suggest that there is differential processing of the MeVg1 precursor in the ovary and hepatopancreas of shrimp. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chimeric honeybees (Apis mellifera) produced by transplantation of embryonic cells into pre‐gastrula stage embryos and detection of chimerism by use of microsatellite markers
Authors: Bergem M. , Norberg K. , Roseth A. , Meuwissen T. , Lien S. , Aamodt R. H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe production of chimeras, by use of cell transplantation, has proved to be highly valuable in studies of development by providing insights into cell fate, differentiation, and developmental potential. So far, chimeric honeybees have been created by nuclear transfer technologies. We have developed protocols to produce chimeric honeybees by use of cell transplantation. Embryonic cells were transplanted between pre‐gastrula stage embryos (32–34 hr after oviposition) and hatched larvae were reared in vitro for 4 days. Chimeric individuals were detected by use of microsatellite analysis and a conservative estimation approach. 4.8% of embryos, posteriorly injected with embryonic cells, developed into chimeric honeybee larvae. By injection of cells pre‐stained with fluorescent cell tracer dye, we studied the integration of transplanted cells in the developing embryos. Number of injected cells varied from 0 to 50 and cells remained and multiplied mainly in the area of injection. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Denuding and centrifugation of maturing bovine oocytes alters oocyte spindle integrity and the ability of cytoplasm to support parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer embryo development
Authors: Li Guang‐Peng , Bunch Thomas D. , White Kenneth L. , Rickords Lee , Liu Ying , Sessions Benjamin R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe effects of cumulus cell removal and centrifugation of maturing bovine oocytes on nuclear maturation and subsequent embryo development after parthenogenetic activation and nuclear transfer were examined. Removal of cumulus cells at 4, 8, and 15 hr after in vitro maturation (IVM) or the centrifugation of denuded oocytes had no effect on maturation rates. Oocytes treated at 0 hr of IVM had a lower expulsion rate (50%) of the first polar body (PB1). The removal of cumulus cells and centrifugation affected the pattern of spindle microtubule distribution and division of chromosomes. There were almost no spindle microtubules allocated to PB1 and the spindles were swollen in anaphase I and telophase I oocytes. Approximately 20% of PB1 oocytes contained tripolar or multipolar spindles. After activation, oocytes denuded with or without centrifugation at 8 hr of IVM resulted in the lowest rate of development (3.0%). Denuded oocytes at 4, 15, and 24 hr of IVM with centrifugation or not resulted in similar blastocyst development rates (9.6%–13.2%). However, centrifugation of oocytes denuded at the beginning of IVM resulted in lower blastocyst development rate (8.1%, P < 0.05) than the noncentrifuged oocytes (17.3%). After nuclear transfer, the blastocyst development rates of oocytes denuded and centrifuged at 0, 4, and 8 hr of IVM were not different when compared to the same patch of noncentrifuged oocytes. However, oocytes denuded and centrifuged at 15 hr of IVM resulted in lower (P < 0.05) blastocyst development rates than the noncentrifuged oocytes. The results of this study suggest that removal of cumulus cells and centrifugation of denuded oocytes affect the spindle pattern. Embryo development of denuded and centrifuged oocytes may differ depending on the time of removal of cumulus cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of p27BBP/eIF6 is highly modulated during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis
Authors: Vaccaro Maria Carmela , Cuccaro Marta , Marco Nadia De , Campanella Chiara 
Published: January 2006

AbstractProtein p27BBP/eIF6 is necessary for ribosomal function of all cells. Previous data showed that from mammals to yeast p27BBP/eIF6 is involved in the biogenesis of ribosomal subunit 60S and its association with the 60S prevents premature 80S formation regulated by PKC signaling, indicating that phosphorylation of p27BBP/eIF6 is needed for translation to occur. While in vitro p27BBP/eIF6 is constitutively expressed, and it has a high level of expression in cycling cells, in vivo its expression varies according to tissues and appears regulated by factors up to now unknown. p27BBP/eIF6 has never been investigated in developing organisms where its upregulation can be correlated with tissue growth and differentiation. In this study we have sequenced p27BBP/eIF6 cDNA and studied its expression during development of Xenopus laevis, as the first step for studying its regulation. The amino acid sequence is highly conserved with two putative PKC phosphorylation sites in serine, one site being typical of Xenopus. At the end of gastrulation, the p27BBP/eIF6 riboprobe localizes in the neural plate and in the paraxial mesoderm. In particular, from stage 24, a clear‐cut localization occurs in the perspective head. In embryos exposed to teratogens, the localization of p27BBP/eIF6 riboprobe varies according to the change of head size caused by the treatment. p27BBP/eIF6 expression is particularly evident in differentiating olfactory pits, the lens, otic vesicles, and in branchial arches. Features of particular interest are p27BBP/eIF6 high level of expression in the eye field, and in the mid‐hindbrain‐boundary, two regions with high proliferative activity. Altogether, data indicate that a modulated expression of p27BBP/eIF6 occurs in developing anlagens in addition to a basal level of expression, and may suggest a correlation between p27BBP/eIF6 and proliferative activity. Moreover, the X. laevis cDNA isolation and characterization offer new hints for further studies in relation to potential p27BBP/eIF6 phosphorylation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of imatinib mesylate (Glivec®) as a c‐kit tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the guinea‐pig urinary bladder
Authors: Kubota Yasue , Biers Suzanne M. , Kohri Kenjiro , Brading Alison F. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAimsIn the gastrointestinal tract, slow wave activity in smooth muscle is generated by the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Detrusor smooth muscle strips of most species show spontaneous contractions which are triggered by action potential bursts, however, the pacemaker mechanisms for the detrusor are still unknown. Recently, ICC‐like cells have been found in guinea‐pig bladder, using antibodies to the c‐kit receptor. We have investigated the effects of Glivec, a c‐kit tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on spontaneous action potentials in guinea‐pig detrusor and intravesical pressure of isolated guinea‐pig bladders.MethodsChanges in the membrane potential were measured in guinea‐pig detrusor smooth muscle using conventional microelectrode techniques. Pressure changes in the bladder were recorded using whole organ bath techniques.ResultsSmooth muscle cells in detrusor muscle bundles exhibited spontaneous action potentials, and spontaneous pressure rises occurred in isolated bladders. Glivec (10 μM) converted action potential bursts into continuous firing with no effects on the shape of individual action potentials. Glivec (>50 μM) reduced the amplitude of spontaneous pressure rises in the whole bladder in a dose dependent manner and abolished spontaneous action potentials in detrusor smooth muscle cells.ConclusionsThe results suggest that ICC‐like cells may be responsible for generating bursts of action potentials and contractions in detrusor smooth muscle. Drugs inhibiting the c‐kit receptor may prove useful for treating the overactive bladder. Neurourol. Urodynam. 25:205–210, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.