bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary α‐linolenic acid from blended oils on biochemical indices of coronary heart disease in indians
Authors: Ghafoorunissa  , Vani A. , Laxmi R. , Sesikeran B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPUFA of the n−6 and n−3 series have beneficial effects on key risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD). Our earlier studies on the intake of FA and on the FA composition of plasma and platelet phospholipids suggested the need to improve the n−3 PUFA nutritional status in the Indian population. The present long‐term study was conducted on 80 middle‐aged Indian subjects (40 men and 40 women) using the subjects' own home‐prepared diets to evaluate the effects of dietary n−3 PUFA on biochemical indices of CHD risk. Substitution of Blend G (equal proportions of groundnut and canola oils) for groundnut oil or substitution of Blend S (equal proportions of sunflower and canola oils) for sunflower oil increased α‐linolenic acid (ALNA) fourfold and decreased the linoleic acid (LA)/ALNA ratio from 35 to 6 and 65 to 9, respectively. Twelve subjects (six men and six women) who received Blend G were switched back to groundnut oil and were administered 0.3 g daily of long‐chain (LC) n−3 PUFA from fish oil. At the end of the trial period for both blends in both sexes, plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels had not changed, and ADP‐induced aggregation had decreased. In plasma and platelet phospholipids, LA as well as LCn‐3 PUFA had increased, suggesting competition between LA and ALNA for metabolism into the respective LC‐PUFA. Fish oil supplementation increased LCn‐3 PUFA in plasma and platelet phospholipids, decreased ADP‐induced platelet aggregation, and increased plasma cholesterol. On the basis of the increased LCn‐3 PUFA in plasma phospholipids, it was calculated that 0.75% energy (en%) (2.2 g) ALNA (from vegetable oils) may be required to increase LCn‐3 PUFA to about the same extent as 0.1 en% (0.3 g) LCn‐3 PUFA (from fish oils). Since both n−6 and n−3 PUFA play a critical role in fetal growth and development and in the programming of diet‐related chronic diseases in adults, an improvement in the n−3 PUFA nutritional status in cereal‐based diets through long‐term use of cooking oils containing 25–40% LA and 4% ALNA may contribute to the prevention of CHD in Indians.
5,9,23‐Triacontatrienoic methyl ester, an elastase inhibitor from the marine sponge Chondrilla nucula
Authors: Meyer Michèle , Guyot Michèle 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA polyethylenic fatty ester was isolated from the marine sponge Chondrilla nucula. The structure was elucidated through NMR spectral data and MS analysis as 5,9,23‐triacon‐tatrienoic methyl ester 1. Compound 1 is an elastase inhibitor [ID50=10 μg/mL (2·10−5M)].
Dietary CLA decreased weight loss and extended survival following the onset of kidney failure in NZB/W F1 mice
Authors: Yang Mingder , Cook Mark E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn an earlier study, we showed that feeding CLA immediately after weaning prolonged survival of NZB/W F1 mice after onset of proteinuria. In the present study, the feeding of CLA was delayed until mice had developed proteinuria. Thirty NZB/W F1 mice were fed a regular rodent chow after weaning. Urine samples were collected to detect proteinuria. Once a mouse was proteinuria positive, it was then randomly assigned to a 0.5% CLA supplement semipurified diet or a control diet (supplement 0.5% corn oil). The next proteinuria positive mouse was then assigned to the opposite diet to which the first mouse was assigned. Mice fed the control diet lost 25% more body weight (13.0 g) than mice fed the CLA diet (9.7 g). Moreover, CLA‐fed mice survived an average 1.7‐fold longer (148 d) than mice fed the control diet (89 d) after the onset of proteinuria. This follow‐up study confirmed that dietary CLA had a beneficial effect in the autoimmune NZB/W F1 mouse. In summary, the cachectic symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus was decreased by dietary CLA and survival days were increased over control group.
Pyloric ceca are significant sites of newly synthesized 22∶6n−3 in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Bell M. V. , Dick J. R. , Porter A. E. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this pulse‐chase study, rainbow trout fed a diet containing deuterated (D5) (17,17,18,18,18)‐18∶3n−3 ethyl ester accumulated D5‐22∶6n−3 in pyloric ceca to a greater extent than in liver 2 d post‐dose. The ratio of newly synthesized D5‐22∶6n−3 in ceca to that in liver 2 d after feeding D5‐18∶3n−3 was 4.7±1.2 when expressed as per mg tissue and 5.2±2.4 when expressed as per mg protein. The amount of D5‐22∶6n−3 in ceca then declined whereas that in liver and blood increased, with the ratio of ceca to liver falling to 1.7 and 1.4, respectively, by day 5 and approaching unity by day 9. A crude cecal mucosa fraction contained 123±50 ng D5‐22∶6n−3/mg protein/mg D5‐18∶3n−3 eaten 2 d after feeding the tracer, compared with 35±21 ng D5‐22∶6n−3/mg protein/mg D5‐18∶3n−3 eaten in liver. Three days later the amount in cecal mucosa had fallen by one‐third and that in liver had increased threefold. Most of the D5‐18∶3n−3 was catabolized very rapidly. The ratio of D5‐18∶3n−3 to 21∶4n−6 (a relatively inert FA marker) in the diet was 4.0, but this fell to 0.30 in ceca and ca. 0.8 in liver, blood, and whole carcass one day after feeding. These results indicate that ceca are active in the synthesis of 22∶6n−3 and the oxidation of 18∶3n−3.
Dual action of neutral sphingomyelinase on rat hepatocytes: Activation of cholesteryl ester metabolism and biliary cholesterol secretion and inhibition of VLDL secretion
Authors: Liza Mariana , Chico Yolanda , Fresnedo Olatz , Ochoa Begoña 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTo address the role of cell membrane neutral sphingomyelinase (EC 3.1.4.12; SMase) in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the liver parenchymal cell, we examined the effect of exogenous neutral SMase on the metabolism of cholesteryl esters and the secretion of VLDL and biliary lipids in isolated rat hepatocytes. We show that treatment of hepatocytes with SMase (20 mU/mL) resulted in the intracellular buildup of cholesteryl esters, increased ACAT (EC 2.3.1.26) activity without affecting the ACAT2 mRNA level, and increased cytosolic and microsomal cholesteryl ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.13) activity. This was accompanied by increases in the secretion of biliary. bile acid, phospholipid, and cholesterol and in increased cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.17) activity and levels of mRNA, as well as decreased levels of apoB mRNA and a decreased secretion of VLDL apoB (apoB‐48, ∼45%; apoB‐100, ∼32%) and lipids (∼55%). Moreover, the VLDL particles secreted had an abnormal size and lipid composition; they were larger than controls, were relatively enriched in cholesteryl ester, and depleted in TG and cholesterol. Cell‐permeable ceramides did not replicate any of the reported effects. These findings demonstrate that the increased cholesteryl ester turnover, oversecretion of biliary cholesterol and bile acids, and undersecretion of VLDL cholesterol and particles are concerted responses of the primary hepatocytes to exogenous neutral SMase brought about by regulation at several levels. We suggest that plasma membrane neutral SMase may have a specific, ceramide‐independent effect in the regulation of cholesterol out‐put pathways in hepatocytes.
Conjugated methyl sulfide and phenyl sulfide derivatives of oxidosqualene as inhibitors of oxidosqualene and squalene‐hopene cyclases
Authors: Rocco Flavio , Bosso Simonetta Oliaro , Viola Franca , Milla Paola , Roma Giorgio , Grossi Giancarlo , Ceruti Maurizio 
Published: November 2006

AbstractVarious (1E,3E)‐ and (1Z,3E)‐conjugated methylthio derivatives of oxidosqualene (OS) and conjugated and non‐conjugated phenylthio derivatives of OS were obtained. These compounds, designed as inhibitors of pig liver and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2,3‐oxidosqualene‐lanosterol cyclases (OSC) (EC 5.4.99.7) and of Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius squalenehopene cyclase (SHC) (EC 5.4.99.‐), contain the reactive function adjacent to carbons involved in the formation of the third and the fourth cycle during OS cyclization. All the new compounds are inhibitors of OSC and SHC, with various degrees of selectivity. The conjugated methylthio derivatives behaved as potent inhibitors of S. cerevisiae OSC, whereas most of the phenylthio derivatives were especially active toward SHC.
Eicosapentaenoic acid‐induced apoptosis depends on acyl CoA‐synthetase
Authors: Heimli Hilde , Hollung Kristin , Drevon Christian A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMarine n−3 FA are known to inhibit proliferation or induce cell death in several cancer cell lines. We have previously reported that EPA promotes apoptosis in the lymphoma cell line Ramos, whereas the U‐698 cell line is insensitive to EPA. Furthermore, acyl‐CoA synthetase (ACS) is expressed to a higher extent in Ramos cells compared to U‐698 cells. To investigate the importance of ACS in EPA‐induced apoptosis, we incubated Ramos cells with triacsin C, an inhibitor of ACS. This caused a 70% reduction in the amount of cell‐associated EPA and diminished activation of EPA. In addition, triacsin C caused a 90% reduction in EPA‐induced apoptosis. Several different approaches were tried to overexpress ACS4 in EPA‐insensitive lymphoma cell lines, but we did not obtain viable cells with high expression of acyl‐CoA activation. However, we show that overexpression of ACS4 in the more robust COS‐1 cells caused up to a fivefold increase in activation of EPA and a 67% increase in the amount of cell‐associated radiolabeled EPA. Furthermore, we observed 28% elevated cellular level of TAG in EPA‐incubated COS‐1 cells overexpressing ACS4. The present study provides new information about ACS as an important enzyme for EPA‐induced apoptosis in Ramos cells. Our data offer a potential mechanism that may explain the effect of dietary marine n−3 PUFA on growth of certain malignant cells.
Ethyl arachidonate is the predominant fatty acid ethyl ester in the brains of alcohol‐intoxicated subjects at autopsy
Authors: Refaai M. A. , Nguyen P. N. , Cluette‐Brown J. E. , Laposata M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe role of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), the nonoxidative ethanol metabolites, as mediators of alcohol‐induced organ damage is increasingly being recognized. FAEE are detectable in the blood and in liver and adipose tissue after ethanol ingestion, and on that basis, FAEE can be used as markers of ethanol intake. In this study, 10 samples of human brain were collected at autopsy at the Massachusetts Medical Examiner's Office and analyzed for FAEE. FAEE were isolated and quantified as mass per gram of wet weight. The blood ethanol level was also obtained in each case along with the other drugs detected in routine postmortem toxicology screening tests. Ethyl arachidonate was the predominant FAEE species in the brain, representing up to 77.4% of total FAEE in the brain. The percent age of ethyl arachidonate of the total FAEE in the brain was significantly higher than what has been found in all other organs and tissues previously analyzed. Linoleate, the precursor of arachidonate, was a poor substrate for FAEE synthesis, as the percentage of ethyl linoleate of the total FAEE content was extremely low. Thus, this reflects preferred incorporation of arachidonate into newly synthesized FAEE in the brain. Since arachidonate is derived from linoleate, which is depleted in FAEE while arachidonate is enriched, the synthesis of FAEE may be linked to the desaturation and elongation of linoleate to arachidonate.
Effects of red wine consumption on kidney FA composition
Authors: Araya Julia , Rodrigo Ramón , Orellana Myriam , García Vanessa 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe studied the effects of red wine consumption on the FA composition of rat kidney. Four groups of adult male rats were fed a balanced diet for 10 wk. The drinking fluid was water (control), red wine, alcohol‐free red wine, or ethanol (12.5%, vol/vol). FA composition, lipid peroxidation, and cytochrome P450 content were determined in the kidney. The antioxidant capacity of plasma was also measured. Ethanol decreased the content of long‐chain PUFA, whereas red wine maintained the levels of arachidonic (20∶4n−6) and eicosapentaenoic (20∶5n−3) acids and alcohol‐free red wine significantly increased the levels of 20∶4n−6. Lipid peroxidation in the red wine and alcohol‐free red wine groups was significantly lower than that of both the control and ethanol groups. The diminished renal lipid peroxidation was associated with an increased antioxidant capacity of plasma. Renal cytochrome P450 was elevated by 50% in the ethanol group and diminished by 20% in the alcohol‐free red wine group. These data suggest that moderate red wine consumption could contribute to the preservation of the contents of n−3 and n−6 PUFA, particularly 20∶4n−6, in rat kidney. Although ethanol increased the content of cytochrome P450 in the kidney, this effect was eliminated by the nonalcoholic components of red wine.
Combined effects of EFA deficiency and tumor necrosis factor‐α on circulating lipoproteins in rats
Authors: Levy Emile , Delvin Edgard , Peretti Noel , Bouchard Guylaine , Seidman Ernest 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBoth tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and EFA deficiency (EFAD) have been established as causes of marked perturbations in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Excessive levels of circulating TNF‐α can coexist with EFAD in various clinical disorders such as cystic fibrosis and type I diabetes. The present study therefore aimed to investigate their combined effects on lipid profile and lipoprotein composition by administering TNF‐α to EFAD rats. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the ratelimiting enzyme in TG catabolism, was also measured in epididymal adipose tissue. EFAD, after a 4‐wk period, induced significant increases in plasma TG (80%, P<0.001), total cholesterol (TC, 27%, P<0.025), and HDL‐cholesterol (HDL‐C, 62%). Two hours after the administration of TNF‐α, a further rise in TG (43%, P<0.05) was noted in controls, but not EFAD animals. TC and HDL‐C were unaffected by TNF‐α treatment. In addition, TNF‐α modified lipoprotein‐lipid composition. VLDL and HDL2 derived from EFAD rats were depleted in apolipoprotein (apo) E and apo A‐II, and enriched in apo A‐12 h after TNF‐α administration. Finally, TNF‐α decreased adipose tissue LPL activity in both control and EFAD animals. The TNF‐α‐induced inhibition was more marked in EFAD rats. The present results demonstrated that TNF‐α can amplify or antagonize the effects of EFAD on lipid profile, lipoprotein composition, and LPL activity. These data also suggest that the host's nutritional status is a determining factor for the modulating effect of TNF‐α on lipid metabolism.
Differences in CLA isomer distribution of cow's milk lipids
Authors: Kraft Jana , Collomb Marius , Möckel Peter , Sieber Robert , Jahreis Gerhard 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe uniqueness of ruminant milk lipids is based on their high concentration of CLA. Maximal CLA concentrations in milk lipids require optimal conditions of ruminal fermentation and substrate availability, conditions like those present in pasture‐fed cows. Our previous work showed that farm management (indoor feeding vs. pasture feeding) markedly influenced the CLA concentration. In this study, the objective was to evaluate the influence of the farm management system as dependent on different locations. Milk samples from different locations (Thuringia and the Alps, representing diverse altitudes) were collected during the summer months and analyzed for FA profile and CLA isomer distribution. The proportion of PUFA and total CLA in milk fat was significantly lower in milk from indoor cows compared with the pasture cows in the Alps. The trans‐11 18∶1 in milk fat of Alpine cows was elevated, in contrast to lower values for trans‐10 18∶1. Milk from cows grazing pasture in the Alps was higher in EPA and lower in arachidonic acid than milk from indoor‐fed cows. The proportion of cis,trans/trans,cis isomers of CLA was 10 times higher from the indoor cows than from the Alpine cows. In addition to the major isomer cis‐9,trans‐11, this difference also occurred for the trans‐11,cis‐13 isomer, which represented more than a fourth of the total CLA present in milk fat. This is the first report showing a special isomer distribution in the milk fat of cows living under very natural conditions. We hypothesize that the CLA isomer trans‐11,cis‐13 is formed in large quantity as a result of grazing mountain pasture, which is rich in α‐linolenic acid.
Determination of the phospholipase activity of patatin by a continuous spectrophotometric assay
Authors: Jiménez‐Atiénzar M. , Cabanes J. , Gandía‐Herrero F. , Escribano J. , García‐Carmona F. , Pérez‐Gilabert M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPatatin is a family of glycoproteins that accounts for 30–40% of the total soluble protein in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers. This protein has been reported to serve as a storage protein and also to exhibit lipid phospholipase activity. This paper describes a simple continuous spectrophotometric method for assaying patatin phospholipase activity. The procedure is based on a coupled enzymatic assay using [1,2‐dilinoleoyl]PC as the phospholipase substrate and lipoxygenase as the coupling enzyme. In the procedure developed in this work, lipoxygenase oxidizes the linoleic acid released by the phospholipase activity of patatin. This activity can then be followed spectrophotometrically by recording the increase in absorbance at 234 nm that results from the formation of the corresponding hydroperoxide from linoleic acid by the action of lipoxygenase. The optimal assay concentrations of patatin and lipoxygenase were established. Phospholipase activity varied with pH, reaching its optimal value at pH 9.5. Scans of the deoxycholate concentration pointed to an optimal detergent concentration of 3 mM. Phospholipid hydrolysis followed classical Michaelis‐Menten kinetics (Vm=9.8×10−3 μmol/min·μg protein, Km=7.8 μM, Vm/Km=1.3 min−1·μg protein). This method proved to be specific since there was no activity in the absence of patatin. It also had the advantages of a short analysis time and the use of commercially nonradiolabeled and inexpensive substrates, which are, furthermore, natural substrates of phospholipase.
Effect of conjugated FA on feed intake, body composition, and liver FA in mice
Authors: Chardigny J. M. , Hasselwander O. , Genty M. , Kraemer K. , Ptock A. , Sébédio J. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCLA is a generic term describing different isomers of linoleic acid with two conjugated double bonds. Various metabolic effects have been demonstrated following administration of CLA, including a change in body composition in animals. However, the effects of pure CLA isomers are not fully understood. In addition, conjugated octadecatrienoic acids such as calendic acid have not been extensively investigated. In this study, male and female ICR mice were fed pure CLA isomers (cis9,trans11 or trans10,cis12) or calendic acid (trans8,trans10,cis12) as their ethyl esters for 6 wk. Body protein content was significantly increased after feeding CLA isomers, either as pure isomers or as a mixture. Calendic acid significantly decreased body fat content in males. CLA (pure isomers or a mixture) significantly decreased body fat in both males and females, with the trans10,cis12 isomer being the most effective. The effect of the cis9,trans11 isomer was more pronounced in females than in males. It was concluded that the trans10,cis12 CLA isomer was mainly responsible for the decrease in fat content in mice, without a significant modification of feed efficiency, and that it was more effective than calendic acid.
Stimulation of rat liver mitochondrial sn‐glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltrasferase by polymyxin B via enhanced extraction of lysophosphatidic acid
Authors: Roy Arun , Guha Nilanjan , Veras Ingrid D. , Chakraborty Sanjoy , Haldar Dipak 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to determine how polymyxin B stimulates the activity of mitochondrial glycerophosphate acyltransferase. Polymyxin B did not change the integrity of the mitochondrial outer membrane as judged by testing the latency (>80%) of cytochrome oxidase activity. The stimulation totally disappeared when polymyxin B‐treated mitochondria were washed. The FA side chain in polymyxin B was unnecessary for stimulation, as the nonapeptide was as effective as the whole antibiotic. The stimulation by polymyxin B or the nonapeptide was observed only in the presence of BSA. Cytochrome c, when added to the incubation medium instead of albumin, did not stimulate the mitochondrial enzyme, but did produce a stimulatory effect of polymyxin B on the mitochondrial acyltransferase. As reported earlier for the bacterial and microsomal acyltransferase, other polycationic compounds such as spermine and spermidine stimulated mitochondrial glycerophosphate acyltransferase. The stimulation of the mitochondrial acyltransferase by spermine and spermidine also occurred only in the presence of BSA. The analysis of the products of esterification demonstrated the presence of more lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in the polymyxin B‐and polyamine‐stimulated assays in comparison to their respective control. Furthermore, in comparison to the albumin‐treated control, there was 60% more LPA present in the assay supernatant fractions of polymyxin B‐treated samples. Our results suggest that polymyxin B stimulates the mitochondrial glycerophosphate acyltransferase activity by enhancing the extraction of more LPA from the mitochondria to the supernatant fraction.
Electrophile tocopheryl quinones in apoptosis and mutagenesis: Thermochemolysis of thiol adducts with proteins and in cells
Authors: Cornwell David G. , Kim Sunghwan , Mazzer Paula A. , Jones Kenneth H. , Hatcher Patrick G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractElectrophile tocopheryl quinones from the phenolic antioxidants γ‐tocopherol and δ‐tocopherol form Michael adducts with the thiol nucleophile glutathione. These tocopheryl quinones are involved in cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and mutagenesis, and their biologic properties are associated with the depletion of intracellular thiols. We now show that both proteins and tissues treated with the electrophile γ‐tecopheryl quinone (γ‐TQ) form thiol adducts. The monoglutathion‐S‐yl derivative of γ‐TQ was subjected to thermochemolysis with the strong methylating base tetramethylammonium hydroxide. GC/MS showed four signature peaks and a fragmentation pattern characteristic of the thiol adduct. Similarly, pure monoglutathion‐S‐yl and diglutathion‐S‐yl derivatives of δ‐TQ were subjected to thermochemolysis, and GC/MS showed characteristic fragmentation patterns for thiol adducts. The four signature peaks were identified when pure proteins with accessible thiol groups (hemoglobin and histone), FBS, and tissue culture medium and cell preparations were treated with γ‐TQ. Signature peaks in both complete medium and washed cells showed the presence of both soluble and insoluble thiol adducts. The effective or free arylating electrophile concentration in complete medium should always be evaluated in tissue culture studies. γ‐TQ is a mutagen but not a genotoxin; therefore, the histone adduct may be a previously unrecognized histone modification involved in chromatin dynamics leading to mutagenesis.