bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-adjoint operators on inner product spaces over fields of power series
Authors: Keller Hans , Herminia Ochsenius 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Theorems on orthogonal decompositions are a cornerstone in the classical theory of real (or complex) matrices and operators on ℝn. In the paper we consider finite dimensional inner product spaces (E, ϕ) over a field K = F((χ
1, ..., x
m)) of generalized power series in m variables and with coefficients in a real closed field F. It turns out that for most of these spaces (E, ϕ) every self-adjoint operator gives rise to an orthogonal decomposition of E into invariant subspaces, but there are some salient exceptions. Our main theorem states that every self-adjoint operator T: (E, ϕ) → (E, ϕ) is decomposable except when dim E is a power of 2 with exponent at most m, and ϕ is a tensor product of pairwise inequivalent binary forms. In the exceptional cases we provide an explicit description of indecomposable operators.
Determinant of Some Matrices of Field Elements
Authors: Nakamura Yatsuka 
Published: June 2008

Determinant of Some Matrices of Field Elements
Here, we present determinants of some square matrices of field elements. First, the determinat of 2 * 2 matrix is shown. Secondly, the determinants of zero matrix and unit matrix are shown, which are equal to 0 in the field and 1 in the field respectively. Thirdly, the determinant of diagonal matrix is shown, which is a product of all diagonal elements of the matrix. At the end, we prove that the determinant of a matrix is the same as the determinant of its transpose.
Multiplication of Polynomials using Discrete Fourier Transformation
Authors: Treyderowski Krzysztof , Schwarzweller Christoph 
Published: June 2008

Multiplication of Polynomials using Discrete Fourier Transformation
In this article we define the Discrete Fourier Transformation for univariate polynomials and show that multiplication of polynomials can be carried out by two Fourier Transformations with a vector multiplication in-between. Our proof follows the standard one found in the literature and uses Vandermonde matrices, see e.g. [27].
Some Special Matrices of Real Elements and Their Properties
Authors: Liang Xiquan , Ge Fuguo , Yue Xiaopeng 
Published: June 2008

Some Special Matrices of Real Elements and Their Properties
This article describes definitions of positive matrix, negative matrix, nonpositive matrix, nonnegative matrix, nonzero matrix, module matrix of real elements and their main properties, and we also give the basic inequalities in matrices of real elements.
Integrability and the Integral of Partial Functions from R into R1
Authors: Endou Noboru , Shidama Yasunari , Yamazaki Masahiko 
Published: June 2008

Integrability and the Integral of Partial Functions from R into R1
In this paper, we showed the linearity of the indefinite integral the form of which was introduced in [11]. In addition, we proved some theorems about the integral calculus on the subinterval of [a,b]. As a result, we described the fundamental theorem of calculus, that we developed in [11], by a more general expression.
On the Representation of Natural Numbers in Positional Numeral Systems1
Authors: Naumowicz Adam 
Published: June 2008

On the Representation of Natural Numbers in Positional Numeral Systems1
In this paper we show that every natural number can be uniquely represented as a base-b numeral. The formalization is based on the proof presented in [11]. We also prove selected divisibility criteria in the base-10 numeral system.
The Relevance of Measure and Probability, and Definition of Completeness of Probability
Authors: Zhang Bo , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Nakamura Yatsuka 
Published: June 2008

The Relevance of Measure and Probability, and Definition of Completeness of Probability
In this article, we first discuss the relation between measure defined using extended real numbers and probability defined using real numbers. Further, we define completeness of probability, and its completion method, and also show that they coincide with those of measure.
Several Classes of BCI-algebras and their Properties
Authors: Ding Yuzhong 
Published: June 2008

Several Classes of BCI-algebras and their Properties
I have formalized the BCI-algebras closely following the book [6], sections 1.1 to 1.3, 1.6, 2.1 to 2.3, and 2.7. In this article the general theory of BCI-algebras and several classes of BCI-algebras are given. MML identifier: BCIALG 1 , version: 7.8.04 4.81.962
Nickel‐Catalyzed Highly Selective Hydrovinylation of α‐Ketals of Vinylarenes
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhu Shou‐Fei , Qiao Xiang‐Chen , Wang Li‐Xin , Zhou Qi‐Lin 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA nickel‐catalyzed hydrovinylation of α‐ketal derivatives of vinylarenes has been developed, providing a new method for preparing functional olefins with a quarternary carbon center in high yields and selectivities.
Self‐Immobilizing Precatalysts: Norbornene‐Bridged Zirconium ansa‐Metallocenes
Authors: Polo Eleonora , Forlini Fabrizio , Bertolasi Valerio , Boccia Antonella Caterina , Sacchi Maria Carmela 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe report here the synthesis of new tethered biscyclopentadienyl and bisindenyl zirconocenes, bearing one unsaturation on the interannular bridge, and their use as self‐immobilizing catalysts. They proved to be active catalysts towards ethylene polymerization in solution, with activities comparable to those displayed by commercial rac‐Et(Ind)2ZrCl2. When tested as self‐polymerization catalysts under suitable experimental conditions, they gave colored precipitates that, once reactivated with MAO, were significantly active in ethylene polymerization, although lower than those of the corresponding catalytic systems in solution. The molecular weights of the produced polymers were similar to those obtained with the same catalysts in solution, but their distribution resulted to be broader, with values typical of heterogeneous catalytic systems. From 13C NMR studies we had the first spectroscopic evidence of the actual incorporation of a metallocene of this type into a polymeric chain.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Phospholenes via Asymmetric Organocatalytic Alkene Isomerization
Authors: Hintermann Lukas , Schmitz Marco 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAn asymmetric synthesis of the 2,5‐diphenylphosphol‐2‐ene fragment (≥95% ee) has been realized via enantioselective Cinchona‐alkaloid catalyzed double bond isomerization of a meso‐2,5‐diphenylphosphol‐3‐ene amide to a 2,5‐diphenylphosphol‐2‐ene amide (up to 83% ee), followed by enantiomeric enrichment to ≥95% ee by crystallization. The 2,5‐diphenylphosphol‐2‐ene amide (a cyclic phosphinic acid amide) was hydrolyzed to the 2,5‐diphenylphosphol‐2‐ene acid (a cyclic phosphinic acid) with retention of configuration at C‐5.
Direct Copper‐Free Domino Conjugate Addition‐Cycloallylation using Organozinc Reagents
Authors: Komanduri Venukrishnan , Pedraza Fernando , Krische Michael J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe Direct Approach: Enones possessing appendant allylic carbonates react directly with diorganozinc reagents in the presence of zinc diiodide [ZnI2] to provide 5‐ and 6‐membered ring products of tandem or domino conjugate addition‐cycloallylation in good to excellent yield. In a related copper‐free transformation, allylic carbonates are found to engage in direct allylic substitution with diorganozinc reagents.
Analysis of mixing in a Twin Cam mixer using smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Robinson Martin , Cleary Paul , Monaghan Joseph 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSmoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian, particle‐based method that is well suited to industrial mixing simulations. Mass transport is simply the motion of the particles, and its grid‐free nature means that it can easily accommodate complicated geometries involving moving parts and sharp corners. This article describes 2D SPH simulations of a Twin Cam mixer and compares the results against experimental data and results from two published finite element method (FEM) simulations. To analyze the mixing processes in the Twin Cam mixer, we present a method for calculating the Finite‐Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE) using SPH particle data. The FTLEs can be used to locate the unstable and stable manifolds in the flow and indicate where mixing is either promoted or inhibited in the flow. We also present a local measure of how two or more fluids are “mixed” at a point in the domain. This is used to find the time‐scales of mixing over different regions in the domain and at different length‐scales. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the effectiveness of SPH, FTLEs, and our mixing measure in simulating and analyzing the mixing in a typical industrial mixer. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Occupational segregation as a determinant of US worker health
Authors: Chung‐Bridges Katherine , Muntaner Carles , Fleming Lora E. , Lee David J. , Arheart Kristopher L. , LeBlanc William G. , Christ Sharon L. , McCollister Kathryn E. , Caban Alberto J. , Davila Evelyn P. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundRacial segregation provides a potential mechanism to link occupations with adverse health outcomes.MethodsAn African‐American segregation index (IAA) was calculated for US worker groups from the nationally representative pooled 1986–1994 National Health Interview Survey (n = 451,897). Ranking and logistic regression analyses were utilized to document associations between IAA and poor worker health.ResultsThere were consistent positive associations between employment in segregated occupations and poor worker health, regardless of covariate adjustment or stratification (e.g., age, gender, income, education, or geographic region). This association between segregation and poor health was stronger for White as compared to African‐American workers.ConclusionsOccupational segregation negatively affects all workers. Potential mechanisms need to be identified through which occupational segregation may adversely impact worker health. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:555–567, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a patient with L1 syndrome: A new report of a contiguous gene deletion syndrome including L1CAM and AVPR2
Authors: Knops Noël B.B. , Bos Krista K. , Kerstjens Mieke , van Dael Karin , Vos Yvonne J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe report on an infant boy with congenital hydrocephalus due to L1 syndrome and polyuria due to diabetes insipidus. We initially believed his excessive urine loss was from central diabetes insipidus and that the cerebral malformation caused a secondary insufficient pituitary vasopressin release. However, he failed to respond to treatment with a vasopressin analogue, which pointed to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). L1 syndrome and X‐linked NDI are distinct clinical disorders caused by mutations in the L1CAM and AVPR2 genes, respectively, located in adjacent positions in Xq28. In this boy we found a deletion of 61,577 basepairs encompassing the entire L1CAM and AVPR2 genes and extending into intron 7 of the ARHGAP4 gene. To our knowledge this is the first description of a patient with a deletion of these three genes. He is the second patient to be described with L1 syndrome and NDI. During follow‐up he manifested complications from the hydrocephalus and NDI including global developmental delay and growth failure with low IGF‐1 and hypothyroidism. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A multiplex family with possible metaphyseal Spahr‐type dysplasia and exclusion of RMRP and COL10A1 as candidate genes
Authors: Mégarbané André , Chouery Eliane , Ghanem Ismat 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe report a consanguineous Lebanese family where six individuals had disproportionate short stature, short limbs, and bilateral genu varum that were apparent after 2 years of age. Major radiographic features in infancy included flared, cupped, and ragged metaphyses of all long bones, delayed maturation of the scaphoid, trapezoid, and trapezium bones, wide and slightly irregular ribs, short femoral necks, flat femoral heads, and irregularity of the iliac crest. Radiographs of an affected adult showed diminished metaphyseal changes and slightly short femoral necks, when compared to the younger patients. We suggest that this family is affected with the Spahr type of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia. Sequencing of RMRP, and a haplotype analysis using highly informative markers around the COL10A1 excluded both genes from being pathogenic in this family. We are aware of only two previous reports of families with clinical features similar to the Spahr type of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Johanson–Blizzard syndrome: Report of a novel mutation and severe liver involvement
Authors: Al‐Dosari Mohammed S. , Al‐Muhsen Saleh , Al‐Jazaeri Ayman , Mayerle Julia , Zenker Martin , Alkuraya Fowzan S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractJohanson–Blizzard syndrome (JBS) is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by pathognomonic facies and a constellation of other features most notably exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, oligodontia, growth retardation, hearing loss, mental retardation, scalp defects, hypothyroidism and imperforate anus. We report on an infant with classical JBS who also has unusually severe neonatal cholestatic liver disease that progressed to liver fibrosis and portal hypertension. Sequencing of UBR1 revealed a previously unreported homozygous missense mutation in a consensus splice acceptor site (IVS12‐1G > A). This report is the first to document severe liver involvement in JBS and raises the possibility that this could be a rare but genuine association. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of new complexes of the type [Ru(CO)2Cl2 (2‐phenyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐kN) (2‐phenyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐kN′)]. Preliminary applications in homogeneous catalysis
Authors: Moya Sergio A. , Gajardo Juana , Araya Juan C. , Cornejo Jaime J. , Guerchais Véronique , Le Bozec Hubert , Bayón J. Carles , Pardey Alvaro J. , Aguirre Pedro 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNovel ruthenium (II) complexes were prepared containing 2‐phenyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine derivatives. The coordination modes of these ligands were modified by addition of coordinating solvents such as water into the ethanolic reaction media. Under these conditions 1,8‐naphthyridine (napy) moieties act as monodentade ligands forming unusual [Ru(CO)2Cl2(η1‐2‐phenyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐kN)(η1‐2‐phenyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐kN′)] complexes. The reaction was reproducible when different 2‐phenyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine derivatives were used. On the other hand, when dry ethanol was used as the solvent we obtained complexes with napy moieties acting as a chelating ligand. The structures proposed for these complexes were supported by NMR spectra, and the presence of two ligands in the [Ru(CO)2Cl2(η1‐2‐phenyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐kN)(η1‐2‐phenyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐kN′)] type complexes was confirmed using elemental analysis. All complexes were tested as catalysts in the hydroformylation of styrene showing moderate activity in N,N′‐dimethylformamide. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, spectroscopy, thermal and biological aspect of novel six‐coordinated dimeric iron(III) mixed‐ligand complexes
Authors: Patel M. N. , Pansuriya P. B. , Chhasatia M. R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe mixed‐ligand complexes of iron(III) with 1‐cyclopropyl‐6‐fluoro‐4‐oxo‐7‐piperazin‐1‐yl‐1,4‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid and various neutral bidentate Schiff base ligands were prepared. The structure of mixed‐ligand complexes was investigated using spectral, physicochemical and elemental analyses. Biocidal activity was determined using agar plate technique against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens. The result showed a significant increase in a biocidal activity compared with parent ligands, metal salts and standard drugs (ofloxacin, levofloxacin). DNA binding and cleavage studies were carried out using absorption titration and gel electrophoresis techniques, respectively. The binding constant of Fe(III) complexes was obtained in the range 2.5–4.0 × 104 M−1. The DNA binding and cleavage efficacy were raised in mixed‐ligand complexes as compared with parental ligands and metal salts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ortho‐(Aminomethyl)phenylboronic acids—synthesis, structure and sugar receptor activity
Authors: Adamczyk‐Woźniak Agnieszka , Brzózka Zbigniew , Cyrański Michał K. , Filipowicz‐Szymańska Alicja , Klimentowska Paulina , Żubrowska Anna , Żukowski Kamil , Sporzyński Andrzej 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA series of ortho‐(aminomethyl)phenylboronic acids was synthesized and their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures are stabilized by the inter‐ and intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The sugar‐binding ability of these compounds was evaluated for D‐glucose, D‐fructose and D‐galactose by the competition assay with Alizarin Red S (ARS). The results indicate that the sugar binding ability and selectivity towards sugars depend on the substituents in amino group. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of diorganotin(IV) carboxylate complexes, [N‐(2‐carboxyphenyl) salicylideneiminato]dimethyltin(IV), bis(µ3‐oxo)bis(µ‐O‐aminobenzoato‐O,O′) bis(O‐aminobenzoato)tetrakis[dimethyltin(IV)] and bis(O‐aminobenzoato‐O,O′) di‐n‐butyltin(IV), on the membrane of Candida albicans cells—a mechanistic investigation of the antifungal activity of organotin complexes
Authors: Vieira F. T. , Menezes D. C. , de Lima G. M. , Wardell J. L. , Cortés M. E. , Silva G. A. B. , Vilas‐Boas A. , da S. Maia J. R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe in vitro anti‐fungal activity of diorganotin(V) carboxylate complexes, [N‐(2‐carboxyphenyl)salicylideneiminato] dimethyltin(IV) (1), bis(µ3‐oxo)bis(µ‐O‐aminobenzoato‐O,O′)bis(O‐aminobenzoato)tetrakis[dimethyltin(IV)] (2) and bis(O‐ aminobenzoato‐O,O′)di‐n‐butyltin(IV) (3) has been screened against Candida albicans. The complexes, prepared by minor modifications of a literature method, have been fully characterized. The biological activities of complexes 1–3 on cultures of Candida albicans have been studied and the related mechanism has been investigated. No changes in DNA integrity or in the mitochondria function have been observed. However, all the tin compounds were found to reduce the ergosterol biosynthesis. The compounds have inhibitory concentrations (IC50) in the range of 7.5–20.0 µg ml−1, with compound 3 the most active. These results were compared with those provided by the literature, using myconazole, amphotericin B and fluconazole as standards. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of the cells treated with complexes 1–3, revealed severe damage on the C. albicans cells compromising the cellular integrity, suggesting that the organotin complexes act on the cell membrane, in view of cytoplasm leaking and cellular deformation. The data indicate for 1–3 a mechanism of action similar to that of azole drugs, such as ketoconazole or fluconazole, normally used in Candida infections. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New fire‐protective intumescent coatings for wood
Authors: Hassan M. A. , Kozlowski Ryszard , Obidzinski Bartoz 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPolyurethane coatings are highly flammable, and because of their widespread applications on different substrates (wood, steel, and building materials), there is a need to increase their fire‐safety properties. Intumescent additives sharply suppress the flammability properties of polyurethane coatings. Two problems accompany intumescent additives: their high loading percentage and incompatibility with polyurethane coatings. In this research, we succeeded in increasing the compatibility by mixing intumescent additives with a butyl acrylate polymer and in lowering the flame‐retardant additive loading (up to 20%) by incorporating newly modified montmorillonite. The flammability properties of the new intumescent coatings were characterized with a cone calorimeter. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Structural, thermal, and tribological properties of intercalated polyoxymethylene/molybdenum disulfide nanocomposites
Authors: Wang J. , Hu K. H. , Xu Y. F. , Hu X. G. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIntercalated polyoxymethylene (POM)/molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanocomposites were prepared by in situ intercalation/polymerization. The structures of the composites were characterized by means of powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy. The XRD pattern showed that the polymer was inserted into the MoS2 galleries. The interlayer spacing of the intercalated phase increased from 6.15 to 11.18 Å. The thermal behavior of the composites was also investigated through thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the heat resistance of the intercalated composites decreased slightly. The tribological behavior of POM/MoS2 was investigated on an MQ‐800 end‐face tirbometer under dry friction. The worn surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that POM/MoS2 presented better friction reduction and wear resistance, especially under high load. The friction mechanism of the nanocomposites is also discussed in association with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Observations of physical aging in a polycarbonate and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blend
Authors: Tang Jacky K. Y. , Lee‐Sullivan Pearl 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe effects of physical aging of a 75 : 25 PC/ABS blend have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). From DSC, two distinct peak endotherms at about 90°C and 110°C, which are associated with the glass transition of ABS (Tg,ABS) and PC (Tg,PC) components, respectively, were observed. When progressive aging was monitored at 80°C for over 1000 h, the changes in enthalpic relaxation, glass and fictive temperatures for the blend followed similar trends to those already seen in the literature for PC aged between 125 and 130°C. The rate of enthalpy relaxation was also comparable. The plot of peak endotherm against logarithmic aging time for the PC blend constituent, however, behaved quite differently from the linear relationship known for highly aged PC. The ABS peak component also appeared to be insensitive to aging. Both observations were confirmed to be statistically significant using analysis of variance methods. Using temperature modulated‐DSC, there is evidence that aging increases the blend miscibility as the Tg,PC shifts toward the stationary Tg,ABS during aging. Parallel FTIR investigations found oxidation of butadiene during aging to be even at this relatively low temperature, forming hydroxyl and carbonyl degradation products. The presence of ABS in the blend also appeared to have prevented the shifting from the trans‐cis to trans‐trans arrangement of the carbonate linkage, which is a well‐known phenomenon during elevated temperature aging of PC alone. Moreover, the carbonate linkage appears to have been at the lower energy, trans‐trans, arrangement prior to the aging process. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008