bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Italian Preadolescent Mental Health Project (PrISMA): rationale and methods
Authors: Frigerio Alessandra , Vanzin Laura , Pastore Valentina , Nobile Maria , Giorda Roberto , Marino Cecilia , Molteni Massimo , Rucci Paola , Ammaniti Massimo , Lucarelli Loredana , Lenti Carlo , Walder Mauro , Martinuzzi Andrea , Carlet Ombretta , Muratori Filippo , Milone Annarita , Zuddas Alessandro , Cavolina Pina , Nardocci Franco , Tullini Andrea , Morosini Pierluigi , Polidori Gabriella , De Girolamo Giovanni 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe Italian preadolescent mental health project (PrISMA – Progetto Italiano Salute Mentale Adolescenti) is the first Italian study designed to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders in preadolescents (10–14 years old) living in urban areas, and to analyse the demographic and biological correlates of emotional and behavioural problems. This paper describes the rationale, methods and the analysis plan of the project.The design of the study used a two‐stage sampling procedure, one screening stage of emotional and behavioural problems in a large sample of subjects attending public and private schools and a second stage of diagnostic assessment in a sample including all high scorers and a proportion of low scorers. In the screening stage, parents of preadolescents were asked to fill in the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), whereas in the second stage preadolescents and their parents were administered the Development and Well Being Assessment for the assessment of mental disorders together with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and two scales (C‐GAS and HoNOSCA) designed to evaluate the functioning of the preadolescent in different areas. Genetic samples were collected during the screening stage, after parents gave their informed written consent. The findings of this study are expected to allow an adequate planning of interventions for the prevention and the treatment of mental disorders in preadolescence as well as efficient health services. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving methods of assessing natural killer cell cytotoxicity
Authors: Sephton Sandra E. , Kraemer Helena C. , Neri Eric , Stites Daniel P. , Weissbecker Inka , Spiegel David 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are a class of lymphocytes important in immune resistance to viral and other serious diseases. The cytotoxic function, or ‘killing activity’ of NK cells has become important in studies of the effects of stress and other psychosocial factors on physical health. Unfortunately, research on NK cell function has been plagued by discrepancies in the methods of interpreting NK cytotoxicity data. We briefly review some of the variations in measuring NK cell activity and present a new model for interpreting these results, introducing maximal target cell lysis (A) and the slope of the cytolytic curve (k) as parameters that attempt to make full use of the information and the statistical power in NK cell cytotoxicity data. Examples of these interpretation methods are presented using NK cytotoxicity data from a group of metastatic breast cancer patients. This approach will be useful in applications of NK cell measurement in psychoneuroimmunology research. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of agency‐based and self‐report methods of measuring services across an urban environment by a drug‐abusing homeless population
Authors: Pollio David E. , North Carol S. , Eyrich Karin M. , Foster Douglas A. , Spitznagel Edward L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to advance the methodology for studying service assessment by comparing self‐report and agency‐generated methods. This study compares 30‐day self‐reported service use for homeless individuals (N = 229) randomly recruited from a single urban environment (St Louis, Missouri) with similar data collected from a broad array of service agencies providing homeless, substance abuse and outpatient mental health services across the same environment. Comparisons were made between self‐report and agency‐based data on shelter use, outpatient mental health service use (case management, psychiatric treatment, group therapy), outpatient substance abuse service use (case management, counselling, group therapy) and drop‐in/day treatment use. Consistently low levels of kappa scores (all under 0.4) and correlation coefficients (only shelter use demonstrated significant agreement) were found. Findings demonstrated that the two methods of collecting service data are generally not concordant at the individual level. Certain demographic characteristics (increased age, being male, non‐white ethnicity) and diagnoses (cocaine abuse/dependence, mania, schizophrenia) were associated with decreased reliability between the two methods of data collection. The two methods of assessment appeared to capture overlapping but not identical information. Each method of assessment has different utility to researchers and providers wishing to assess service use. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification, molecular cloning, and cellular distribution of the rat homolog of minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) in the rat testis
Authors: Com Emmanuelle , Rolland Antoine D. , Guerrois Myriam , Aubry Florence , Jégou Bernard , Vallet‐Erdtmann Virginie , Pineau Charles 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAs part of a program to decipher the rat testicular proteome, we studied spermatogonia and identified numerous proteins including the human homolog of the Minichromosome Maintenance Protein 7 (MCM7). MCM7 has been implicated in DNA replication in various species, but had not been detected in the testis. Here we describe the cellular distribution of MCM7 transcripts and protein, and their testicular ontogenetic expression. The full‐length coding region of the rat MCM7 was also characterized. Northern blot analyses showed that MCM7 transcripts are more abundant in the testis than other organs and confirmed the presence of the 2.4 kb MCM7 transcript at all ages studied. Interestingly, two additional transcripts of 3.2 and 1.6 kb were found from 26 days post partum onwards, when spermatocytes and spermatids accumulate within the tubules. This was confirmed in isolated cell types: the three MCM7 transcripts were observed in meiotic and post‐meiotic germ cells. The 3.2 kb isoform has an extended 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and the 1.6 kb transcript is the result of alternative splicing of five exons. Western blot and immunohistochemistry experiments evidenced abundant MCM7 in proliferating gonocytes and Sertoli cells in the fetal testis. In the adult testis, an intense signal was observed in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes. We conclude that the Mcm7 is one example of genes that are differently transcribed and translated in somatic and spermatogenetic cells in mammals. Further work is required to determine the roles of MCM7 in spermatogonia and germ lineage. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elasto–acoustic and acoustic–acoustic coupling on non‐matching grids
Authors: Flemisch B. , Kaltenbacher M. , Wohlmuth B. I. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFlexible discretization techniques for the approximative solution of coupled wave propagation problems are investigated, focussing on aero–acoustic and elasto–acoustic coupling. In particular, the advantages of using non‐matching grids are presented, when one subregion has to be resolved by a substantially finer grid than the other subregion. For the elasto–acoustic coupling, the problem formulation remains essentially the same as for the matching situation, while for the aero–acoustic coupling, the formulation is enhanced with Lagrange multipliers within the framework of mortar finite element methods. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the flexibility and applicability of the approach. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic solution of unbounded domains using finite element method: discrete Green's functions in frequency domain
Authors: Boroomand B. , Mossaiby F. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn this paper we present a new approach for finite element solution of time‐harmonic wave problems on unbounded domains. As representatives of the wave problems, discrete Green's functions are evaluated in finite element sense. The finite element mesh is considered to be of repeatable pattern (cell) constructed in rectangular co‐ordinates. The system of FE equations is therefore reduced to a set of well‐known dispersion equations by using a spectral solution approach. The spectral wave bases are constructed directly from the FE dispersion equations. Radiation condition is satisfied by selecting the wave bases so that the wave information is transmitted in appropriate directions at the cell level. Dirichlet/Neumann boundary conditions are defined at the edges of a quadrant of the main domain while using the axes of symmetry of the problem. A new discrete transformation method, recently proposed by the authors, is used to satisfy the boundary conditions. Comprehensive studies are made for showing the validity, accuracy and convergence of the solutions. The results of the benchmark problems indicate that the proposed method can be used to evaluate discrete Green's functions whose analytical forms are not available. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approximation of multivariate functions and evaluation of particular solutions using Chebyshev polynomial and trigonometric basis functions
Authors: Reutskiy S. Y. , Chen C. S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA two‐stage numerical procedure using Chebyshev polynomials and trigonometric functions is proposed to approximate the source term of a given partial differential equation. The purpose of such numerical schemes is crucial for the evaluation of particular solutions of a large class of partial differential equations. Our proposed scheme provides a highly efficient and accurate approximation of multivariate functions and particular solution of certain partial differential equations simultaneously. Numerical results on the approximation of eight two‐dimensional test functions and their derivatives are given. To demonstrate that the scheme for the approximation of functions can be easily extended to evaluate the particular solution of certain partial differential equations, we solve a modified Helmholtz equation. Near machine precision can be achieved for all these test problems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of orthotropic thick plates by meshless local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) method
Authors: Sladek J. , Sladek V. , Zhang Ch. , Krivacek J. , Wen P. H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA meshless local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) method is applied to solve static and dynamic problems of orthotropic plates described by the Reissner–Mindlin theory. Analysis of a thick orthotropic plate resting on the Winkler elastic foundation is given too. A weak formulation for the set of governing equations in the Reissner–Mindlin theory with a unit test function is transformed into local integral equations on local subdomains in the mean surface of the plate. Nodal points are randomly spread on the surface of the plate and each node is surrounded by a circular subdomain to which local integral equations are applied. The meshless approximation based on the Moving Least–Squares (MLS) method is employed in the numerical implementation. The present computational method is applicable also to plates with varying thickness. Numerical results for simply supported and clamped plates are presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enriched reproducing kernel particle method for piezoelectric structures with arbitrary interfaces
Authors: Liu C. W. , Taciroglu E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA formulation based on enriched reproducing kernel particle method is proposed for analysing non‐homogenous piezoelectric structures with arbitrarily shaped material interfaces. The interfaces are represented using a set of cubic spline segments, each of which is defined by the co‐ordinates and the slopes of its two end‐nodes. Special enrichment functions are introduced within the reproducing kernel particle method, in order to capture discontinuities of strain and electric fields at the material interfaces. Several validation examples are provided to demonstrate the veracity and the utility of the proposed numerical method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
CBS‐based stabilization in explicit solid dynamics
Authors: Rojek Jerzy , Oñate Eugenio , Taylor Robert L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe characteristic‐based split (CBS) stabilization procedure developed originally in fluid mechanics has been adapted successfully to solid mechanics problems. The CBS algorithm has been implemented within a finite element program using an explicit time integration scheme. Volumetric locking of linear triangular and tetrahedral elements has been successfully eliminated. The performance of the numerical algorithm is illustrated with numerical results. Comparisons with an alternative stabilization technique based on the finite calculus method also are given. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrodynamics and transport in estuaries and rivers by the CBS finite element method
Authors: Ortiz P. , Zienkiewicz O. C. , Szmelter J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper presents an extension of the numerical solution of the shallow water equations by the characteristic split (CBS) finite element method to hydraulic engineering problems in estuaries and rivers. A nearly implicit version is formulated and tested and an efficient procedure to implement practical open boundary conditions in the CBS is proposed. This work includes a real numerical application for long term prediction of water quality in terms of salinity concentration in an estuary/river system to improve farmland irrigation given the detailed tidal/fresh water dynamics involved. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical comparison of CBS and SGS as stabilization techniques for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Codina R. , Coppola‐Owen H. , Nithiarasu P. , Liu C.‐B. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn this work, we present numerical comparisons of some stabilization methods for the incompressible Navier–Stokes. The first is the characteristic‐based split (CBS). It combines the characteristic Galerkin method to deal with convection‐dominated flows with a classical splitting technique, which in some cases allows us to use equal velocity–pressure interpolations. The other two approaches are particular cases of the subgrid scale (SGS) method. The first, obtained after an algebraic approximation of the subgrid scales, is very similar to the popular Galerkin/least‐squares (GLS) method, whereas in the second, the subscales are assumed to be orthogonal to the finite element space. It is shown that all these formulations display similar stabilization mechanisms, provided the stabilization parameter of the SGS methods is identified with the time step of the CBS approach. This paper provides the numerical experiments for the comparison of formulations made by Codina and Zienkiewicz in a previous article. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The boundary recovery and sliver elimination algorithms of three‐dimensional constrained Delaunay triangulation
Authors: Guan Zhenqun , Song Chao , Gu Yuanxian 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA boundary recovery and sliver elimination algorithm of the three‐dimensional constrained Delaunay triangulation is proposed for finite element mesh generation. The boundary recovery algorithm includes two main procedures: geometrical recovery procedure and topological recovery procedure. Combining the advantages of the edges/faces swappings algorithm and edges/faces splittings algorithm presented respectively by George and Weatherill, the geometrical recovery procedure can recover the missing boundaries and guarantee the geometry conformity by introducing fewer Steiner points. The topological recovery procedure includes two phases: ‘dressing wound’ and smoothing, which will overcome topology inconsistency between 3D domain boundary triangles and the volume mesh. In order to solve the problem of sliver elements in the three‐dimensional Delaunay triangulation, a method named sliver decomposition is proposed. By extending the algorithm proposed by Canvendish, the presented method deals with sliver elements by using local decomposition or mergence operation. In this way, sliver elements could be eliminated thoroughly and the mesh quality could be improved in great deal. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of finite difference schemes near an inflow boundary
Authors: Sousa E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNumerical schemes for a convection–diffusion problem defined on the whole real line have been derived by Morton and Sobey (IMA J. Numer. Anal. 1993; 13:141–160) using the exact evolution operator through one time step. In this paper we derive new numerical schemes by using the exact evolution operator for a convection–diffusion problem defined on the half‐line. We obtain a third‐order method that requires the use of a numerical boundary condition which is also derived using the same evolution operator. We determine whether there are advantages from the point of view of stability and accuracy in using these new schemes, when compared with similar methods obtained for the whole line. We conclude that the third‐order scheme provides gains in terms of stability and although it does not improve the practical accuracy of existing methods faraway from the inflow boundary, it does improve the accuracy next to the inflow boundary. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum cystatin C is a suitable marker for routine monitoring of renal function in pediatric cancer patients, especially of very young age
Authors: Lankisch P. , Wessalowski R. , Maisonneuve P. , Haghgu M. , Hermsen D. , Kramm C.M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundMonitoring renal function is crucial in children undergoing chemotherapy. To date, a combination of routine serum creatinine (SCR) monitoring with occasional determination of creatinine clearance ratio (CCR) is widely used as clinical standard for this purpose. Both methods have their limitations regarding diagnostic value (SCR) or practicability (CCR), especially in young children. Diagnostic alternatives, such as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation formulas have not been proved to be superior. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether serum cystatin C (CysC) may have a diagnostic impact on pediatric patients.ProcedureCysC, SCR, several GFR estimation formulas (Counahan–Barratt, Ghazali–Barratt, Schwartz, Shull, Traub), and CCR were studied in 80 pediatric cancer patients (age range: 0.17–17.9 years) during their chemotherapy. Special attention was given to children under the age of 3 in whom accurate urine collection for CCR is difficult.ResultsAll parameters correlated similarly well with CCR. Total accuracy was 66% and 67% for CysC and SCR, respectively. In very young children (<3 years), correlation with CCR was for CysC r = −0.74 with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.646, and for SCR r = −0.27 with AUC = 0.594. Total accuracy was 60% for CysC, 50% for SCR.ConclusionsCysC represents a suitable marker for monitoring renal function in pediatric cancer patients. In young children (<3 years), CysC may have a better diagnostic value than SCR. Future studies should show if CysC can improve renal monitoring by replacing SCR, especially in very young children. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebellar medullomyoblastoma with melanotic tubular structures
Authors: Nozza Paolo , Milanaccio Claudia , Piatelli Gianluca , Rossi Andrea , Raso Alessandro , Cama Armando , Garré Maria L. , Pietsch Torsten 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis report describes a midline cerebellar primitive neuroectodermal tumor with muscular differentiation, that is, medullomyoblastoma with melanotic tubular structures, which developed in the cerebellar vermis in a 23‐month‐old male. Rhabdomyoblastic differentiation consisted both of striated muscle fibers and undifferentiated cells showing immunoreactivity for desmin and myogenic transcription factors. The presence of melanotic epithelial structures raised the issue of a teratomatous tumor. This case demonstrates the occurrence of this very rare tumor in early childhood as well as the utility of a careful search for the presence of myogenic and/or melanotic features in medulloblastomas. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:183–185. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trends in eye cancer mortality among children in Brazil, 1980–2002
Authors: Ribeiro Karina de Cássia Braga , Antoneli Célia Beatriz Gianotti 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundIn the last few decades mortality from childhood cancers has shown substantial declines in industrialized countries, with smaller favorable trends in South America.ObjectiveThis study describes mortality trends in childhood eye cancer in Brazil from 1980 to 2002.ProcedureAge‐specific eye cancer death rates (0–4, 5–9, and 10–14 years) were calculated according to gender. Age‐standardized mortality rates for children under 15 years were obtained through the direct method, using the 1960 world population as the standard. Trends in mortality were modeled using linear regression methods, with the age‐standardized mortality coefficient (3‐year centered moving average) as the dependent variable and the calendar year as the independent variable.ResultsThe age‐standardized mortality rates among the boys decreased from 0.14/100,000 habitants in 1981 and 1985 to 0.06 in 1994, whereas the observed corresponding decline among girls was from 0.17/100,000 habitants in 1982 and 1983 to 0.07 in 2001. Statistically significant declining trends in eye cancer mortality rates were observed for boys (r2 adjusted = 0.54, P < 0.001) and also for girls (r2 adjusted = 0.53, P < 0.001). When only subsite retina was analyzed a statistically significant decrease in mortality coefficients was also noted for males (r2 adjusted = 0.55, P < 0.001) and females (r2 adjusted = 0.32, P = 0.005).ConclusionsA consistent decrease in eye cancer mortality rates was noted in Brazil. In the absence of changes in incidence rates, this decline could be attributed to the improvement in treatment protocols and survival. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:296–305. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.