bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study of the Vaporization of Chlorine Compounds from Basaltic Lavas during the Cooling Process. I
Authors: Iwasaki Bunji , Katsura Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An attempt was made to make clear the manner of the vaporization of chlorine compounds from basaltic rocks at a series of temperatures ranging from 1000 to 1300°C, in atmospheres of air and of a mixed gas (CO2–H2), and on cooling from 1200 to 800°C in air, neglecting the effect of water vapor. The vaporization of chlorine compounds was found to take place from the surface of a melt and through the interstices of rock grains. When crystals began to separate from the melt, they suddently prevented the vaporization. From the results of cooling experiments on the basaltic melt, it was concluded that the chlorine compounds in the liquid basaltic lava extruded at approximately 1200°C are continously vaporized until the liquid lava is covered with thin films including crystals and glassy materials. The temperature at which the vaporization of chlorine compounds ceases is 1100°C at the highest.
Reaction of Perchloro-(3, 4-dimethylenecyclobutene) with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Kusuda Kousuke , Mano Koichi , Fujino Akira , Sakan Takeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of perchloro-(3, 4-dimethylenecyclobutene) (I) with molecular oxygen in the solutions of carbon tetrachloride, benzene and ether was investigated. The identified products were phosgene, perchloro-(dimethylenesuccinic) acid (IIa), its dichloride, its anhydride, perchloro-(2, 3-dimethylenecyclobutanone) (IV) and 2, 2, 3′, 3′, 4-pentachloro-3-methyleneglutaric acid (VIII) in carbon tetrachloride. In benzene the products were the same as in carbon tetrachloride except VIII. Phosgene, oxalic acid, IIa and perchloro-(3-cyclobutene)-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid were obtained in ether. A radical chain mechanism is suggested for the degradations in the former two solvents on the basis of the similar reaction of I with oxygen in tetrachloro-ethylene yielding phosgene, IV, VIII and trichloroacetyl chloride. A possibility that I could be a chlorine radical source for the chain initiation by forming an unstable adduct with oxygen in the solution is also discussed.
Reactions of Alkylantimony Compounds with Titanium Chlorides
Authors: Takashi Yûkichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactions of various alkylantimony compounds with titanium chlorides have been investigated. Tetraethylstibonium chloride was found to react with titanium tetrachloride to give the complex salts [SbEt4]2TiCl6 (I), [SbEt4]TiCl5 (II) and [SbEt4]Ti2Cl9 (III), and with titanium trichloride to give the complex salts [SbEt4]2TiCl5 (VI) and [SbEt4]TiCl4 (V). Titanium dichloride was oxidized by tetraethylstibonium chloride to form the complex salts of tervalent titanium, IV and V. Triethylantimony dichloride made addition with titanium tetrachloride and afforded two or more ionic complexes, SbEt3Cl2·TiCl4 and (SbEt3Cl2)m(TiCl4)n. Titanium dichloride was oxidized by triethylantimony dichloride to give a complex of tervalent titanium, SbEt3·nTiCl3. Triethylstibine reduced titanium tetrachloride and formed an adduct of tervalent titanium, SbEt3Cl2·2TiCl3, when an excess of titanium tetrachloride was allowed to react. An excess of triethylstibine gave rise to complicated reactions with titanium tetrachloride, and formed TiCl3·mSbEt3Cl2·nSbt3 complexes.
Studies on the Isomerization Esterification of Crotonyl Chloride to the Vinylacetic Acid Ester. II. The Effects of the Amine, the Alcohol, the Solvent, and the Reaction Temperature
Authors: Ozeki Toshitsugu , Kusaka Masakatsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of the amine, the alcohol, the solvent, and the reaction temperature on the isomerization esterification of crotonyl chloride to the vinylacetic acid ester were investigated. Amines can be divided into three groups. The first group includes the amines with pka-values as high as 10; they give the isomerized product, ethyl vinylacetate (IEt), in a ca. 90% yield. The second includes the amines with pKa-values lower than 7.2; they give the normal product, ethyl trans-crotonsite (IIIEt). The third includes the remaining amines with intermediate pKa-values; they give various amounts of the two products. Ethyl cis-crotonate (IIEt) is always formed in only a small quantity. Alcohols favored the product ratio of IEt in the order:
MeOH&lt;EtOH&lt;i-BuOH&lt;i-PrOH&lt;t-BuOH.
Various aliphatic and aromatic solvents gave almost identical product ratios, regardless of their polarities. Below room temperature, the formation of IEt was predominant (ca. 95—97%), but above that temperature IIEt and IIIEt increased. It was understood that the steric factors of amine and alcohol influenced the extent of the double-bond shift and that the reaction proceeded via the ketene intermediate. The course of the reaction has been discussed.
Spectroscopic Studies on 2-Pyrazolin-5-one Dyes
Authors: Yasuda Heinosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The spectra of forty-five 2-pyrazolin-5-one dyes in the ultraviolet and visible regions are discussed on the basis of their hydrazone-keto structures. In particular, the effects of sterically-sensitive ortho-substitutions in the 1- and 4-positions on the pyrazolinone ring are investigated. The bathochromic effects on the visible absorption band of pyrazolinone dyes are caused by electron-attracting substituents in the 3-position, not by 1- and 4-substituents.
The Kinetics of the Vapor-Phase Ammoxidation of Xylene Isomers over a Vanadium Catalyst
Authors: Ito Masatomo , Sano Ken-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kinetics of the vapor-phase ammoxidation of xylene isomers over a vanadium oxide catalyst was studied in a flow system. The reaction-rate data obtained for each xylene were then correlated with the rate equations based upon the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism; this correlation suggested that each xylene reacted by a parallel consecutive reaction scheme in which tolunitrile was involved as an intermediate. The order of the relative ease of reaction was: para&gt;meta\fallingdotseqortho. The ratio of the specific rate constant of xylenes, kx, to that of tolunitriles, kM, was 6 for meta and para isomers and 4 for the ortho isomer at 400°C; this ratio decreased with an increase in the reaction temperature. The order of relative ratios for the direct formation of dicyanobenzenes from xylenes was ortho&gt;meta&gt;para, while that for the direct formation of carbon oxides and hydrogen cyanide was ortho\fallingdotseqmeta&gt;para. The ratio of the specific rate constant for the formation of dicyanobenzenes from tolunitriles, k2, to kM decreased with an increase in the ratio of kx to kM. These results seem to result from the adsorptivities of xylenes and tolunitriles on the catalyst surface.
Hydrogen Bonding between Phenols and Carbon Disulphide
Authors: Sannigrahi A B , Chandra A K 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of hydrogen bonding on the near ultraviolet absorption spectra of some phenols was studied with carbon disulfide as a base. The results show that the π→π* bands of phenols move toward longer wavelength and the n→π* band of carbon disulphide moves toward shorter wavelength. From the optical density measurements in the wavelength regions where both the bands occur the stability constants of the hydrogen bonded complexes were measured. From the result it was concluded that proton donating power of the phenols increases in the order p-cresol&lt;phenol&lt;β-naphthol&lt;α-naphthol which is exactly the relative order of their acidities. These results also support the electrostatic theory of hydrogen bonding.
Effect of Electric Fields on Gamma Radiolysis of Methanol Vapor
Authors: Ohmae Tadayuki , Sakurai Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electric fields were applied during the irradiation of methanol vapor up to voltages necessary to cause secondary ionization. The yields per ion pair of 3.00±0.02, 0.39±0.02, and 0.120±0.003 were estimated for hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane respectively by relating the product yields to the saturation ion current measured during the irradiation. The hydrogen yields decreased in the saturation current region, while the carbon monoxide and the methane yields remained nearly constant. The reduction of hydrogen yield may be ascribed to a suppression of dissociative electron-capture process CH3OH+e→CH3O−+H by a fast electronabsorption to the anode. The contribution of molecular or hot hydrogen atom process to the formation of hydrogen was found to increase with an increase of the electric field strength.
The Crystal Structure of Benzaldehyde-Potassium Bisulfite Addition Product (Potassium α-Hydroxybenzylsulfonate)
Authors: Kuroda Toshimasa , Ashida Tamaichi , Sasada Yoshio , Kakudo Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The addition compound of benzaldehyde and potassium bisulfite crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21⁄c, with four formula units per unit cell with the dimensions: a=16.37, b=6.07, c=9.12 Å and β=103.4°. The structure was determined by the heavy atom method, and the structural parameters were refined by least-squares method with a block-diagonal approximation. The analysis showed that the addition product is potassium α-hydroxybenzylsulfonate, C6H5CH(OH)SO3−·K+. Three S-O bond distances range from 1.43 to 1.46 Å; the average of three O-S-O bond angle is 112.1°, while that of three O-S-Cα’s is 106.7°. The bond distance of S-Cα, 1.831 Å, is significantly longer than those in other sulfonates so far reported. The potassium ion is surrounded by nine oxygen atoms; the K-O distances being from 2.73 to 3.27 Å.
Mono-, Di- and Tri-ethanolamine Derivatives of Samarium
Authors: Sankhla B S , Kapoor R N 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reactions of samarium isopropoxide with mono-, di- and tri-ethanolamines have been studied in presence of benzene. The reaction between samarium isopropoxide and monoethanolamine in different molar ratios gave mono-, di- and tri- derivatives. Compound Sm(dieth. am)(OPri) is formed when samarium isopropoxide (1 mol) reacted with diethanolamine (1 mol), whereas the reaction in the molar ratio of 2 : 3 yielded Sm2(dieth. am)3. All the three moles of isopropanol were liberated when an equimolecular quantities of samarium isopropoxide and triethanolamine were allowed to react with the isolation of samarium triethanolaminate. The only soluble compounds being Sm(monoeth.am) (OPri)2 and its corresponding tertiary butanol derivative, Sm(moneth. am)(OBut)2. Attempts to distil some of these compounds were unsuccessful, as these decompose on being heated under reduced pressure.
Cobalt(II) Complexes of Schiff Bases Derived from 3-Methoxysalicylaldehyde and Amines
Authors: Yoshida Emiko , Yamada Shoichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Bis(N-substituted-3-methoxysalicylideneiminato)cobalt(II) complexes, including several new compounds, have been prepared, and their configurations examined. It has been concluded that these cobalt(II) compounds take a tetrahedral configuration of a high-spin type in nondonor solvents and in the solid state. For R=n-alkyl and monosubstituted phenyl, these complexes in pyridine take an octahedral configuration, with two pyridine molecules bound to the cobalt(II) ion. However, bis(N-2′, 6′-dimethylphenyl- and bis(N-2′, 6′-diethylphenyl-3-methoxysalicylideneiminato) complexes take a hexa-coordinate, though considerably distorted, configuration in pyridine. This behaviour is different from that of the corresponding salicylideneiminato-complexes of cobalt(II). The results of the present work are compared with the findings on the corresponding salicylideneiminato-complexes.
The Kinetics of the Acid-catalyzed Etherification of the Tautomers of p-Nitrosophenol and p-Benzoquinoneoxime with Ethanol
Authors: Furuya Yoshiaki , Morikawa Daiyoshi , Itoho Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rates of the acid-catalyzed reversible etherification reaction of the allelotrope of p-nitrosophenol and p-benzoquinoneoxime with ethanol to form p-nitrosophenetole have been measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The rates of the forward reaction have been found to be the sum of the rate of the second-order with ethanol and the allelotrope and a small portion of the first-order with the allelotrope. The plot of the logarithm of the forward rate constant vs. the acidity function gave a straight line with a slope of −0.93. We have postulated a probable mechanism involving the rate-determining attack of protonated ethanol on the carbonyl O-atom of p-benzoquinoneoxime and a small portion of the rate-determining protonation to the allelotrope, thus forming protonated p-nitrosophenol, followed by a rapid attack on the hydroxyl O-atom of ethanol. The energy of the activation of the forward reaction was 16.3 kcal/mol.
The Ring-opening Polymerization of Cyclic Aminophosphinites
Authors: Fujisawa Tamotsu , Yokota Yukio , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A further study of 1, 3-addition-type ring-opening polymerization has been attempted by using cyclic N-phenyl- and N-methylethyleneamino phenylphosphinites as monomers, each of those has a nitrogen atom in place of one of the two oxygen atoms in the ring structure of a cyclic phosphonite. They were prepared from phenylphosphonous dichloride and N-phenyl-and N-methylaminoethanols. The ring-opening 1, 3-addition reaction of the N-phenyl derivative with benzyl bromide, as a model experiment for the polymerization, has been found to proceed smoothly, giving the desired adduct, which in turn gave benzylphenylphosphinic acid and N,N′-diphenylpiperadine on hydrolysis. These cyclic aminophosphinites were then polymerized to give the expected poly(aminophosphine oxide) s in the presence of Arbusov reaction-type reagents or in the absence of a catalyst at elevated temperatures.
The Modification of Polypropylene by the Blending of a Polymeric Fine Powder with Crosslinkage
Authors: Mizutani Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to improve the properties of polypropylene (PP), the modification of PP by the blending of a polymeric fine powder with crosslinkage (PFPC) was investigated. PFPC, prepared by the radical polymerization of vinyl monomers and divinyl benzene (DVB), was blended into PP, and the properties of the polymer composite were studied. The dyeability of the composite was much improved. PFPG with a reactive functional group was especially available, because the dye could be fixed perfectly in the substrate. On the other hand, it was found that the addition of PFPG did not much cause the following properties to deteriorate: the transparency, the thermal stability, the melt index, and the pressure coefficient of the polymer efflux rate at 230°C and in the applied pressure range of 20—40 kg/cm2.
The Square-Wave Polarographic Determination of Free Sulfur in Liquefied Petroleum Gases
Authors: Kashiki Masayuki , Oshima Shozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A method has been developed for the polarographic determination of the free sulfur present in liquefied petroleum gases in concentrations as low as 0.01 ppm. Samples of liquefied petroleum gases are collected in a specially-fitted pressure glass bottle. After the volatilization of the sample, the free sulfur remaining in the sample container is dissolved in a methanol-methyl iodide-glacial acetic acid-sodium acetate solvent, and the resulting solution is electrolyzed polarographically. The effect of the change in solvent and in supporting electrolyte concentration, dissolved oxygen and temperature are discussed. It is found that the concentrations of 90 vol% methanol, 2 vol% glacial acetic acid, 8 vol% methyl iodide, and 1.5 m sodium acetate are necessary to obtain satisfactory analytical results. The polarographic wave of free sulfur consisted of two waves; the peak potential of the first wave was −0.57 V vs. SCE, while that of the second wave was −0.87 V vs. SCE. The limit of determination was governed by the solubility of the naphtha in the base solution.
Aminobutadienes. IV. Addition Reactions to 1-Phthalimido- and 2-Phthalimido-1,3-butadienes
Authors: Terada Akira , Murata Kenichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1-Phthalimido-1,3-butadiene (I) and 2-phthalimido-1,3-butadiene (II) were chosen for study as typical imidobutadienes in order to clarify the role of such imido groups in determining the orientation of the addition reactions, and also the addition modes in their own polymerizations. The addition reactions of either I or II with bromine, hydrogen chloride, acrolein, acrylic acid and its methyl ester, maleic anhydride, and p-benzoquinone were shown to give the corresponding adducts. However, with crotonaldehyde, I and II each gave only the polymer. The ozonolysis studies have shown that all of the dibromides and monochlorides were 1,4-adducts, 1-chloro-1-phthalimido-2-butene (V) and 1-chloro-3-phthalimido-2-butene (XIII) respectively. No further hydrochlorination of V and XIII took place, even under more vigorous conditions. The major products obtained by the additions of acrolein, acrylic acid, and its methyl ester to I and II were shown to be 1-phthalimido-6-substituted-2-cyclohexene or 1-phthalimido-4-substituted-1-cyclohexene respectively.
Studies of Peptide Antibiotics. X. Syntheses of Cyclosemigramicidin S and Gramicidin S
Authors: Waki Michinori , Izumiya Nobuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The possibility of the occurrence of benzyloxycarbonyl-substituted cyclosemigramicidin S in the course of the cyclization reaction of a linear-pentapeptide-active ester with pyridine was investigated. It was indicated that the crude product of the cyclization of the linear-active ester was composed of two components. The protected gramicidin S, a less soluble material, was easily isolated by fractional crystallization, while the protected cyclosemigramicidin S, a more soluble material, was isolated by a column chromatography of Sephadex LH-20. The hydrogenolyses of these products in the presence of hydrogen chloride afforded the crystalline hydrochlorides of gramicidin S and cyclosemigramicidin S. The cyclic decapeptide was as active as the natural gramicidin S, however, cyclosemigramicidin S showed no activity in response to any of the microorganisms tested.
Studies of Poly-β-benzyl-l-aspartate Helix. III. Infrared Spectra of Copolymers of β-Benzyl-l-aspartate with β-p-Methyl, Chloro, Cyano, or Nitrobenzyl-l-aspartate in a Chloroform Solution
Authors: Hashimoto Masahisa , Arakawa Satoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Infrared studies of the copolymers in a chloroform solution have revealed that, in each series of copolymers, the transition from the left- to the right-handed α-helix simultaneously brings about sharp changes in the characteristic amide frequencies. The frequencies of the NH-stretching, amide I, and amide II bands of the copolymers in the left-handed α-helix are higher by ca. 13 cm−1, ca. 10 cm−1, and ca. 5 cm−1 respectively than those in the right-handed α-helix. The amide bands of the copolymers in the right-handed form lie in the normal frequency ranges as established for α-helical polypeptides. On the contrary, the amide frequencies of poly-β-benzyl-l-aspartate or the copolymers in the left-handed form are anomalous. The anomalous amide frequencies of the lefthanded helix are to be ascribed to the reversal in the helical sense, but not to the particular aspartate group, since the copolyaspartate esters in the right-handed helix exhibit normal amide frequencies. The transition in the helical sense is reflected also in the C=O stretching bands of the side-chain ester groups.
Studies on the Membrane Permeability of Silver and Cadmium Ferro- and Ferricyanides
Authors: Malik Wahid U , Arif Hasan , Siddiqi Fasih A 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The permeability and membrane potential of various electrolytes, through parchment supported silver and cadmium ferro- and ferricyanide membranes was investigated. The order of permeability was found to be:
Cl−&gt;NO3−&gt;SO4−2&gt;FeCy6−3&gt;FeCy6−4
while membrane potential was of the reverese order. The magnitude of permeability and potential values, decreases or increases respectively, with potassium ferro- or ferricyanide treated membranes. The relation y=ax1⁄n where x and y represents permeability and potential respectively, and a and n are constants, proposed earlier has been found to be valid for these membranes also. The energy of activation for the diffusion process for various electrolytes was found to lie between 4 to 10 kcal/mol. The potential values determined at varying concentrations of electrolytes, showed that the values increase with dilution. The electronegative character of the membranes, have got a profound influence on the movement of the anions. When the concentration of the electrolyte within the pores are higher, the repulsion of the fixed charges are reduced by screening, that is, at higher concentrations the selectivity of the membrane is decreased to an appreciable extent, resulting thereby in a marked decrease in membrane potential and increase in the permeability values.
The Photochemistry of Aqueous Hexacyanoferrate(II) Solutions. I. Photo-aquation Reaction at 3660 Å
Authors: Ohno Shin-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photochemistry of hexacyanoferrate(II) ions in aqueous solutions was studied at 3660 Å in the presence and in the absence of nitrous oxide as an electron scavenger. Only a photo-aquation reaction yielding aquopentacyanoferrate(II) and cyanide ions was observed to occur as the primary process. The formation of aquopentacyanoferrate(II) ions, determined spectrophotometrically after a reaction with sodium azide, was studied as a function of the irradiation time over a wide pH range (0.5 to 13). In neutral or alkaline solutions the amount of aquopentacyanoferrate(II) ions measured was small, because of an efficient thermal back reaction. The initial quantum yield depended on the pH; for example, the yield 0.52 at pH 0.65 and 0.89 at pH 4.0 for 0.01 m solutions at 25 °C. The yield decreased with an increase in the hexacyanoferrate(II) concentration.
Racemization Catalyst for Amino Acids. II. Racemization with Aurintricarbonic Acid
Authors: Hirota Kazuhiro , Miyamoto Kunihiko , Izumi Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The catalytic racemization of amino acids with aurintricarboxylic acid was examined in the presence of cupric ion. The tests were conducted at various pH values to study the optimum pH for the racemization. Moreover the racemizations with aurintricarboxylic acid and with o-cresolphthalein were compared and the results are briefly discussed with regard to the relationship between the structural features and the activities of these catalysts.
Cobalt(II) Complexes of β-Ketoamines Derived from β-Diketones and Aromatic Amines
Authors: Yamada Shoichiro , Yoshida Emiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Many compounds of the Co(Aca.R)2 and the Co(Bza.R)2 type have been synthesized, in order to examine the stereochemistry of bis(β-ketoaminato) cobalt(II) complexes (bis(acetylacetone and bis(benzoylacetone-aminato)cobalt(II) complexes are abbreviated as Co(Aca.R)2 and Co(Bza.R)2, respectively, R being an aryl group attached to the nitrogen atom.) and compare it with that of bis (salicylideneiminato) cobalt (II) complexes. The configuration of these cobalt (I I) complexes in non-donor solvents is tetrahedral, but the complexes in pyridine take a tetrahedral, a penta-coordinate or an octahedral configuration, depending upon the ligand. The complexes of the Co(Bza.R)2 type in pyridine take an octahedral configuration, except for Co(Bza.2, 6-X2C6H3)2, where X denotes CH3 and C2H5. On the contrary, Co(Aca.CH3C6H4)2, Co(Aca.2, 6-(CH3)2C6H3)2 and Co(Aca.α-naphthyl)2 in pyridine retain a tetrahedral configuration, while the complexes, such as Co(Aca.C6H5)2 and Go(Aca.ClC6H4)2, take an octahedral configuration with two pyridine molecules bound to the cobalt(II) ion.