bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metacognitive Reading Awareness Among Freshmen EFL Students
Authors: Klimova Blanka , Zamborova Katarina , Fronckova Katerina 
Published: April 2024

Purpose. This study investigated the levels of three different strategies of metacognitive awareness: global reading strategy, problem-solving strategy, and support reading strategy among university students in a Business English class during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods. The methodology is based on a survey, which was conducted among 192 freshman university students in their specialized courses of Business English as a foreign language. The research instrument was a metacognitive reading strategies awareness (MARSI) questionnaire.
Results. The findings reveal that the students used problem-solving strategies the most, followed by global and support reading strategies the least. The results also indicate a difference between male and female students at individual levels of reading strategies.
Conclusions. The study proposes a set of recommendations with an alliance of COVID-19 learning environment based on the results such as taking notes while reading and highlighting the most important information with an emphasis on details or showing the importance of previewing the text, asking questions/making predictions about the text, and most importantly paying attention to self-regulation practices in a new school environment.
A rare case of atypical intradural extramedullary glioblastoma diagnosed utilizing next-generation sequencing and methylation profiling: illustrative case
Authors: Shelton William J , Mathews Andrew P , Aljiboori Karrar , Nix J. Stephen , Gokden Murat , Rodriguez Analiz 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Primary spinal cord tumors, especially primary spinal cord glioblastoma multiforme (PSC-GBM), are exceptionally rare, accounting for less than 1.5% of all spinal tumors. Their infrequency and aggressive yet atypical presentation make diagnosis challenging. In uncertain cases, a surgical approach for tissue diagnosis is often optimal.

OBSERVATIONS
A 76-year-old male presented with a rapidly progressing clinical history marked by worsening extremity weakness, urinary retention, and periodic fecal incontinence alongside diffuse changes on neuraxis imaging. The patient, in whom subacute polyneuropathy was initially diagnosed, received multiple rounds of steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin without clinical improvement. Histopathological review of the biopsy tissue yielded an initial diagnosis of spindle cell neoplasm. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is done routinely on all neuropathology specimens at the authors’ institution, and methylation profiling is pursued in difficult cases. Ultimately, NGS and methylation profiling results were essential to an integrated final diagnosis of GBM.

LESSONS
PSC-GBM is a rare but highly aggressive occurrence of this tumor. Prolonged back pain, rapid neurological decline, and imaging changes warrant the consideration of lesional biopsy for precise disease characterization. In inconclusive cases, NGS has proved invaluable for clinical clarification and diagnosis, underscoring its importance for integrated diagnoses in guiding appropriate treatment strategies.
Primary intracranial peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor: lessons from an exceptionally rare neoplasm. Illustrative case
Authors: Bocanegra-Becerra Jhon E , Novoa-Ramírez Luis Felipe , Latorre-Zúñiga Alan Jesús , Tacas-Gil Norka , Rojas-Apaza Rolando 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
The primary intracranial peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) is a lesion subtype within the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. pPNETs are extremely uncommon pathologies, accounting for 0.03% of intracranial tumors and 1% to 2% of Ewing sarcoma cases. Given its histological aspect similar to other highly proliferative malignant neuroectodermal neoplasms, pPNET merits extensive workup for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

OBSERVATIONS
A 36-year-old male presented to the emergency department with a 1-year history of headaches in the right frontoparietal area, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and a history of the resection of a tumor labeled as a meningioma 5 years before admission. He was neurologically intact. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogeneous focal lesion of 25 × 35 × 23 mm with a necrotic center and neoformative appearance in the right frontal cortex. The patient underwent multimodal treatment with gross-total resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Histopathological examination results supported the diagnosis of pPNET. At the 2-year follow-up, the patient had no new-onset symptoms, and brain imaging revealed absent signs of tumor recurrence.

LESSONS
The present case describes an extraordinary pPNET case, initially confounded as a clear cell meningioma. Managing pPNET requires thorough investigation, careful differentiation from similar neuroectodermal lesions, and multimodal treatment to improve the patient’s prognosis.
Isolated calvarial aneurysmal bone cyst in a pediatric patient: illustrative case
Authors: Saratsis Amanda Muhs , Asado Nahren , Ruge John , Li Daphne 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign, osteolytic lesions that can occur in long bones, vertebrae, or rarely, the skull. Here the authors present the case of a 15-year-old male with a primary ABC of the left frontoparietal skull along with a review of the literature to provide insight into the nature of this rare disease.

OBSERVATIONS
An otherwise healthy 15-year-old male presented with a tense, painful lesion of the left frontoparietal scalp. He could not identify any inciting trauma, but first noted the lesion less than 2 weeks prior to presentation with progressive enlargement. Cranial imaging revealed a lytic skull lesion with fluid-fluid levels suggestive of ABC. Curative therapy was provided via wide excision of the lesion and calvarial reconstruction of the resultant skull defect. This was performed without complication, and histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of primary ABC.

LESSONS
ABCs of the skull are rare entities and most often arise in the skull base versus the calvaria. Typically, these lesions are associated with an underlying bone pathology (secondary ABCs) but can be rarely seen as isolated lesions (primary ABCs). Clinical management consists of excision and adjuvant therapy for underlying pathology where appropriate.
Metastatic intradural primary spinal osteosarcoma: illustrative case
Authors: Thiruvengadam Shreyas , Lam Mark , Honeybul Stephen 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Osteosarcomas are a common primary bone neoplasm among adolescents but represent 0.2% of all malignancies with an incidence of two to four cases per million persons annually worldwide. Although known to have significant metastatic potential, its rare incidence, treatment resistance, and poor prognosis have rendered it a poorly understood and infrequently documented pathology.

OBSERVATIONS
Herein the authors present the first documented case of lumbosacral intradural metastasis of a primary osteosarcoma in a young patient, possibly via intradural dissemination following pinhole durotomy in a prior thoracic surgery.

LESSONS
Osteosarcomas remain a difficult pathology to treat, particularly upon metastatic dissemination. The utility of adjuvant radiotherapy after resection of an osteosarcoma is increasingly evident in the reduction of local recurrence. In the context of intraoperative pinhole durotomies in resections of high-grade lesions, due consideration should be given to whole-spine radiation, although this remains an evidence-free zone.
Bird population dynamics during the regenerative succession of mossy pine woodland in southwestern Belarus
Authors: Abramova I. V. 
Published: April 2024

Disturbed forest ecosystems are characterized by significant spatial and temporal changes. As a part of the study on bird communities, changes in bird abundance during the secondary succession of a cleared mossy pine woodland in southwestern Belarus were investigated. The purpose of the work was to determine the inter-annual dynamics of bird species abundance and to assess the variability of individual species abundance during the secondary succession of the mossy pine woodland. The material was collected in 2000–2019. Line transects were set to conduct bird counts in ecosystems at different stages of succession. For the data processing, generally accepted methods of statistical analysis were used. The species diversity of birds was found to increase from 8 to 42 species, the overall abundance from 171.7 to 587.1 birds/km2 during the succession (6 stages, from 1 to 90 years in age). The abundance of species (birds/km2) and inter-annual variability during 11 seasons were determined. The coefficient of variation (CV) was the highest (71.00–82.50%) for species whose abundance did not exceed 1.0 birds/km2. The average abundance of species varied considerably, e.g., among passerines at the 80–90-year old stage from 1.1 birds/km2 (Little Flycatcher) to 153.7 birds/km2 (Chaffinch). Bird populations with high abundance turned out to be the most stable, for example at the last two successional stages the CV of the Chaffinch is 6.02 and 7.16%. For species with average abundance the variability is found to be low or medium (varies from 11.90 to 36.20%), for species with low abundance the CV varies from 17.68 to 82.50%. All six stages of succession were dominated by nesting migratory birds, which account for 75.0% of the species in the first stage of succession to 52.4% in the fifth and sixth stages. Near and distant migrants form the basis of the bird community at all stages. Populations of sedentary species and distant migrants are more stable than those of near migrants.
DYNAMICS OF THE EEG SENSORIMOTOR RHYTHM DURING MENTAL REPETITION OF THE OBSERVED MOVEMENT
Authors: Vasilyev A. N. , Makovskaya A. E. , Kaplan A. Ya. 
Published: April 2024

Mental simulation of one’s own movement, or imagery of movement, as well as observation of other people’s movements are used in neurorehabilitation as methods of stimulation of sensorimotor parts of the brain. The present work tests a new way of representation - mental simulation of movement, synchronous with the movement observed from the first person on a video screen. The objectives of the study were to compare the reactivity of sensorimotor EEG rhythms during voluntary movement representation and representation following a video stimulus, and to identify the relationship between the phases of movement in the video and the dynamics of EEG patterns. The study involved 30 healthy volunteers in whom a 69-channel encephalogram was recorded during their performance and presentation of right thumb movements in two modes: arbitrarily (without an external reference) and synchronously imitating movement on a video clip. During EEG analysis, individual spatial-frequency components with the highest EEG mu-rhythm reactivity (8–14 Hz) were identified in the subjects, followed by quantitative assessment of desynchronization under the studied conditions based on analysis of probability density distributions of mu-rhythm power. A generalized additive model describing the function of responses to single events in the observed movements and their summation during serial execution or presentation of the movements was applied to assess the relationship between the dynamics of mu-rhythm desynchronization and video events. It was shown that the mental kinesthetic simulation of the observed movement did not result in increased desynchronization of sensorimotor rhythms compared to the voluntary representation of the same movement. It was found for the first time that there are perturbations in the temporal course of desynchronization of the mu-rhythm that depend on the phase and speed of the observed movement both during its synchronous muscle repetition and during mental synchronous imitation. The results obtained can be used to optimize movement parameters in individual systems of ideomotor training with EEG control to achieve the greatest sensorimotor activation.
PROGNOSTIC OF YIELD OF POTATOES OF PROMISING DOMESTIC VARIETIES UNDER THE IMPACT OF STRESS ABIOTIC FACTORS
Authors: Rozentsvet O. A. , Bogdanova E. S. , Nesterov V. N. , Bakunov A. L. , Milekhin A. V. , Rubtsov S. L. , Dmitrieva N. N. , Shevchenko S. N. 
Published: April 2024

Twenty four potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) differing in ripening groups (early, middle-early and mid-season-ripening) were studied. Potatoes were grown in the conditions of the Middle Volga region of Russia. It was found statistically that the yield (t/ha) of early and mid-season-ripening varieties was negatively correlated with the increase in average temperatures during the growing season from May to August (R = –0.97, P = 0.04). Soil moisture content at a depth of 20 cm was positively correlated with the yield of middle-early varieties (R = 0.97, P = 0.04). A soil moisture content increase was beneficial to average tuber weight (R = 0.98, P = 0.04), but only in the middle-early and mid-season-ripening groups. However, the soil moisture content and the tuber numbers in mid-season-ripening varieties had a negative correlation (R = –0.96, P = 0.05).
HYDROCARBONS IN THE SURFACE MICROLAYER AND ICE OF THE KARA SEA
Authors: Nemirovskaya I. A. , Khramtsova A. V. 
Published: April 2024

Concentrations and composition of hydrocarbons – HCs (aliphatic – AHCs and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – PAHs) in the Kara Sea (cruise 83 of the R/V Academic Mstislav Keldysh, June 2021) in the sea surface microlayer – SML (about 300 µm thick), ice and surface waters weree defined. The concentration of AHCs in SML occurs in suspended particulate matter (SPM), where their content varied in the range of 197–1051 µg/l, on average 621 and was almost 4 times higher than in the dissolved form: 89–270, on average 158 µg/l, and according to compared with the suspended form of surface waters – almost 22 times higher (on average 33 µg/l). The accumulation of organic compounds also occurs in ice, but to a lesser extent than in the SML. According to the composition of alkanes, the influence of autochthonous processes on the formation of AHCs in surface microlayer and melting ice is mostly insignificant, and this distinguishes their behavior from the ice that forms. The content of PAHs in surface microlayer in SPM was also 4.8 times higher on average than in the dissolved form. Despite the different sources of these hydrocarbon classes, for all samples taken, a dependence was observed in the distribution of AHCs and PAHs in SPM (r = 0.79, n = 52, at p 0.01). In the composition of PAHs, according to the markers, the influence of combustion products of marine fuel is traced, since, in addition to phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene dominated in all samples.
SOURCES OF THE LATE CENOZOIC DEPOSITS FROM THE AEOLIAN “SANDS” MASSIF IN THE CHARA BASIN OF THE BAIKAL RIFT ZONE: FIRST RESULTS OF U–TH–PB (LA-ICP-MS) GEOCHRONOLOGICAL STUDY OF DETRITAL ZIRCON
Authors: Buchnev I. N. , Adamskaya E. V. , Bobrovskaya O. V. , Skovitina T. M. , Kotov A. B. , Lopatin D. V. , Kovach V. P. 
Published: April 2024

The results of U–Th–Pb (LA-ICP-MS) geochronological studies of detrital zircon (fraction more than 50 µm) from the Late Cenozoic deposits of the large aeolian “Sands” massif of the Chara Basin of the eastern flank of the Baikal Rift Zone show that they are dominated by detrital zircon with ages of 263–265 and 1861–1864 Ma. Archean ages have been obtained only for individual zircon grains. Quite possibly, this is due to the fact that zircon of this age is present in “small” fractions, the study of which is not possible due to the technological features of the method of geochronological studies used. Based on the geological situation, only granites of the Kodar complex can be considered as the only source of detrital zircon of the Early Proterozoic age. The source of detrital zircon with an age of 263–265 Ma remains a mystery. Granitoids of this age are not known on the territory of the Aldan Shield. They are widespread in its western frame.
CARBON-FREE RUSSIA: IS THERE A CHANCE TO ACHIEVE CARBON NEUTRALITY BY 2060?
Authors: Klimenko V. V. , Klimenko A. V. , Tereshin A. G. 
Published: April 2024

The prospects for reducing the carbon intensity of the Russian economy and the possibility of achieving climate neutrality of the national economy by 2060 are studied On the basis of a historical-extrapolation approach to the study of the development of various sociotechnical systems by comparing with the dynamics of carbon indicators of the economies of the leading countries of the world, it is shown that full compensation for anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) by absorption by the biosphere (primarily forests) is theoretically possible with implementation of difficult-to-implement large-scale reform programs in all sectors of the country’s economy – from energy to forestry. Thus, in an optimistic scenario, the rate of decline in specific GHG emissions per capita should be the maximum value achieved in the world over the past 50 years at 1% per year, and forest management should include full compensation for growing deforestation and a 50% reduction in forest losses from fires, which are currently the second (after energy) sources of GHG emissions into the atmosphere. The most likely scenario is one with a rate of reduction in specific GHG emissions per capita of 0.5% / year, and a moderate increase of the absorbing capacity of forests mainly due to the implementation of forest-climate projects and fire emission reduction. Under the latter scenario, net GHG emissions by 2060 could reach 0.7 Gt CO2eq, which would require the creation of a national industry for large-scale carbon capture and storage in order to achieve climate neutrality of the Russian economy.
INFLUENCE OF As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> STOICHIOMETRY ON THE OPTICAL TRANSMISSION OF GLASS IN THE SPECTRAL RANGE 5–8 µm
Authors: Snopatin G. E. , Skripachev I. V. , Plotnichenko V. G. , Churbanov M. F. 
Published: April 2024

Glassy chalcogenides AVBVI obtained by solidification of high-temperature melts inherit the polymolecular nature of the melt. The influence of this circumstance on the optical properties of glasses is important in connection with the use of optical fibers for fabrication and has not been adequately studied. Bulk samples of high-pure glasses As40 – xS60 + x (0 x 5) with the content of metal and silicon impurities less than 0.1‒0.2 ppm wt., carbon, oxygen, hydrogen compounds – no more than 0.5–1 ppm wt. and optical fibers from them were obtained. The IR spectra of bulk samples 12 cm long and optical fibers up to 15 m long were recorded in the spectral range 1000–2000 cm–1. Absorption bands with maxima near 1950, 1805, 1460, and 1320 cm–1, due to the content of superstoichiometric sulfur in glass, were found in the spectra of bulk samples and fibers, and the corresponding values of the extinction coefficients were determined. The results of the study allow us to consider the As2S3 stoichiometry as a factor that significantly affects the optical characteristics of glass.
4-AZIDO-3-AMINO-1,2,5-OXADIAZOLE: SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Balabanova S. P. , Voronin A. A. , Fedyanin I. V. , Pivkina A. N. , Meerov D. B. , Kon’kova T. S. , Matyushin Yu. N. , Strelenko Yu. A. , Fershtat L. L. 
Published: April 2024

The synthesis verification of 3-amino-4-azido-1,2,5-oxadiazole and its structural characterization (IR, NMR, X-Ray, elemental analysis) are reported. Its thermal behavior (TG-DSC), standard enthalpy of formation, sensitivity to mechanical stimuli, detonation parameters were studied. Our study unveils wide application perspectives of 3-amino-4-azidofurazan as a precursor to novel energetic materials for future insights and an eco-friendly primary explosive.
Examining the Relationship of Chapter 1 to Other Chapters in a Dissertation or Thesis
Authors: Ngwenya Victor Chaboneka 
Published: April 2024

The review examined the relationship between Chapter 1 and its subsequent Chapters in a dissertation or thesis, informed by a constructivist paradigm utilising a qualitative approach. It further demonstrated how the contrasting ontological, epistemological assumptions and models of human beings the researcher brings to the research process have direct implications for one’s methodological concerns in a project. To ascertain these philosophical assumptions, thirty postgraduate projects were purposively selected and theoretical saturation determined the sample as depth was sought employing a grounded theory. Different Chapter 1s of various dissertations and theses were scrutinised first and used to develop a framework of analysis which was later fine-tuned using literature surveyed. Guided by an interactive process combining the elements of content and inductive thematic analysis, the major components of the study were identified, namely; the research problem, objectives, sub-problems or hypotheses. In turn, these influenced the literature surveyed, research methodology utilised, analysis and interpretation of data, conclusions drawn and recommendations made. These technicalities if carefully observed are meant to guide postgraduate students to produce a quality product independently and reveal the symbiotic relationship that exists between Chapter 1 and its subsequent Chapters in a dissertation or theses.
Problems of abuse of law when applying to the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Lazariev V. V. , Lohvynenko I. A. 
Published: April 2024

The article focuses on the fact that abuse of law is not only an urgent problem of modern legal science, but also one of the most complex and important issues to be addressed. This phenomenon is becoming aggressive and global, negatively affecting the processes of democratisation and consolidation of statehood. The prevalence of cases of abuse of law can slow down the development of society, violating the acquired norms and values. It is important to understand that achieving stability in social relations and their further development is impossible without taking into account the specifics of this legal phenomenon. Abuse of law not only violates the basic principles of law, but also poses a significant threat to the development of the rule of law and the determination of its future course.
The particularities of the use of the term “abuse” in international law are determined. It is noted that the European Court of Human Rights considers that this concept should be understood in its ordinary meaning, namely, as the fact of exercise of a right by a subject of law outside its intended purpose in a manner which causes prejudicial damage. The author identifies the approaches to understanding the abuse of law which are used by the European Court of Human Rights in its work.
It is noted that in addition to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the provisions defining the basis for preventing abuse of law at the international (supranational) level are also contained in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the American Convention on Human Rights and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.
The author examines a number of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights in which cases of abuse of law occurred. The author defines the role of the state in cases of abuse of law. The main features inherent in the abuse of law are outlined. Attention is paid to the fact that in addition to the positive components of preventing abuse of law, this activity also has negative consequences.
The importance of preventing abuse of law is emphasised, subject to the obligatory observance of the principles of fairness, transparency and consideration of individual rights and freedoms of subjects. Ensuring a balance between the protection of rights and prevention of their abuse is an important task for the effective work of the European Court of Human Rights.