bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping quantitative trait loci for osteochondrosis in fetlock and hock joints and palmar/plantar osseus fragments in fetlock joints of South German Coldblood horses
Authors: Wittwer C. , Löhring K. , Drögemüller C. , Hamann H. , Rosenberger E. , Distl O. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for osteochondrosis (OC) and palmar/plantar osseous fragments (POF) in fetlock joints in a whole‐genome scan of 219 South German Coldblood horses. Symptoms of OC and POF were checked by radiography in 117 South German Coldblood horses at a mean age of 17 months. The radiographic examination comprised the fetlock and hock joints of all limbs. The genome scan included 157 polymorphic microsatellite markers. All microsatellite markers were equally spaced over the 31 autosomes and the X chromosome, with an average distance of 17.7 cM and a mean polymorphism information content (PIC) of 63%. Sixteen chromosomes harbouring putative QTL regions were further investigated by genotyping the animals with 93 additional markers. QTL that had chromosome‐wide significance by non‐parametricZ‐means and LOD scores were found on 10 chromosomes. This included seven QTL for fetlock OC and one QTL on ECA18 associated with hock OC and fetlock OC. Significant QTL for POF in fetlock joints were located on equine chromosomes 1, 4, 8, 12 and 18. This genome scan is an important step towards the identification of genes responsible for OC in horses.
A reappraisal of cantilever bridgework
Authors: CRABB H. S. M. 
Published: June 2007

summaryThe design and application of spring cantilever and direct cantilever bridgework is evaluated in relation to developments in new materials and the significance of the health of the periodontal tissues. Cantilever bridgework is not advanced as a preferred alternative to conventional fixed bridgework but as a means of meeting certain clinical situations which preclude the use of abutment supports at both ends of a bridge. Lack of success in cantilever bridgework can frequently be attributed to the abuse of design rather than failure of the underlying cantilever principle.
Clinical review of patients with fixed bridges (1)
Authors: MARKÉN K.‐E. , LÖFBERG P.‐G. , HEDEGÅRD B. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis report comprises the first part of an investigation into the methodology of clinical examinations of patients with bridges. The complete study is concerned with the following problems.

To what extent do deviations occur between observers in the independent recording of factors of interest in the re‐examination of patients with fixed bridges?
Are the deviations observed systematic?
Does a cumulative and simultaneous examination lead to less deviating results?
Are there any characteristic differences between observers with a greater or lesser degree of clinical experience?
Failure at the dental adhesive—etched enamel interface
Authors: RETIEF D.H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryNone of the materials presently available to the dental profession truly dhere to enamel and dentine. Conditioning of the enamel surface with phosphoric acid greatly increases the bonding of dental materials to tooth structure and the etching technique is now an accepted and widely applied procedure in dentistry.During the development and laboratory evaluation of new dental materials, the resin‐enamel bond strength is determined by means of tensile loading tests. The site of failure is often recorded as occurring within the test material; partly within the material; at the adhesive‐enamel interface; within the enamel; or in a combination of these sites.An epoxy resin formulation developed for the direct bonding of orthodontic attachments was used as the adhesive and enamel etched with 50% phosphoric acid as the adherend surface. Experimental bonds were subjected to tensile stresses to failure and both the enamel and adhesive aspects of the fractured bonds examined by scanning electron microscopy.The results indicate that the sites of failure cannot be reliably classified by visual examination per se or under low magnification. A model is proposed to elucidate the characteristics of interfacial failures. This experimental model was tested by surface roughness profiles and atomic absorption spectrometry.
Co‐ordinates of jaw movements
Authors: VAN RENSBURG L.B. , LEMMER J. , LEWIN A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe method of pantography can be used to record tracings representing the pattern of movement of the jaws. Such tracings can be subjected to analysis on a rectangular coordinate system of axes. All tracings appear to be rotations scribed about instanta‐neously moving axes. Since the tracings are composites of rotations about the x‐, y‐and z‐axes, they cannot be used to fully describe the jaw movements which produce them.Notwithstanding this limitation, pantographic tracings are of value in the clinical demonstration of individual variations which exist in the patterns of jaw movements.
A comparative study of three etching solutions: effects on enamel surface and adhesive‐enamel interface
Authors: RETIEF D. H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe chemical treatment of enamel surfaces is an approach in obtaining increased bonding of dental materials to tooth surfaces. Three etching solutions commonly used at present are 50% H3PO4, 50% H3PO4 attenuated with 7% zinc oxide and 50% citric acid.The effects of these three conditioning solutions on normal and polished enamel surfaces and on the interfaces between untreated enamel and etched enamel surfaces were studied by scanning electron microscopy.The variable etching pattern observed with each of the acids made a comparative study difficult. This was further complicated by the dependence of the etching action on prism orientation on polished enamel surfaces. Additional factors that have to be considered are the presence of prismless enamel and perikymata.Surface profile recordings of polished and acid‐etched polished enamel surfaces provided some quantitative measure of the etching action of the conditioning solutions.The 50% citric acid solution had the mildest etching action while 50% H3PO4 and 50% H3PO4 attenuated with 7% zinc oxide elicited comparable responses.
Polymethylmethacrylate as a denture base material in service
Authors: HARGREAVES A. S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAssessments of the practical deficiencies of polymethylmethacrylate in service have been carried out by several workers. Some of these studies and one further one have been compared so as to seek any common factors, especially those concerned with the age of the appliance at failure. Times of vulnerability for different types of dentures have been demonstrated, and the scope for time‐based studies in the laboratory and in service has been discussed.
Doughing time of heat‐cured dental acrylic resins and its dependence on polymer particle size distribution
Authors: McCABE J. F. , SPENCE D. , WILSON H. J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA simple method of determining the doughing lime of acrylic denture base materials is reported, It is suggested that the method described is suitable for standard specification testing.In addition, the effect of temperature on doughing time and the correlation between doughing and polymer particle size distribution has been determined.
Masticatory function—a review of the literature
Authors: BATES J. F. , STAFFORD G. D. , HARRISON A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA review and evaluation of the literature on mastication has been undertaken. Part Idiscusses the form of the masticatory cycle in the natural and artificial dentitions, including the controversial question of whether tooth contact occurs during function. Part II reviews the literature concerning the speed of movement of the mandible, rate of chewing, and the forces developed in chewing. Part III describes masticatory efficiency and performance, the effect of food on masticatory function, and incorporates a summary of all these three papers.
Frequency and location of artificial crowns and fixed partial dentures constructed at a dental school
Authors: VALDERHAUG JAKOB , KARLSEN KJELL 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe material consists of patients who received single crowns and fixed partial dentures at the Department of Prosthetics, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo in the period 1967–73.Two‐thirds of the patients were women, and about two‐thirds of the restorations were made in the maxilla. A total of 3275 crowns were received by 2145 patients. On average, maxillary teeth were crowned 7 years earlier than mandibular teeth. A total of 1393 fixed partial dentures, consisting of 6835 units, were made for 1368 patients.
Attrition: possible mechanisms of compensation
Authors: BERRY D. C. , POOLE D. F. G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAttrition, or wear of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth, may not only be physiologically normal, but necessary for function. Since occlusal wear must lead to reduction in tooth length, significant dimensional changes in facial morphology are inevitable unless mechanisms exist to compensate for attrition. Secondary dentine formation, alveolar growth, and adaptive changes in the masticatory muscles can provide this compensation, and may be part of a complex system by which an effective level of masticatory function is maintained even when attrition is extreme.
Soft lining materials: composition and structure
Authors: McCABE J. F. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAn analysis of five proprietary acrylic soft lining materials revealed that they can be classified into two groups. The first of these groups (Soft Oryl and Coe Soft) resemble the tissue conditioners in composition in that their liquid component contains no monomer. A study of their mechanical properties may reveal that these materials should, in fact, be classified as tissue conditioners.The second group (including Palasiv, Virina and Coe Super Soft) were more conventional acrylic materials which differed in the amount of plasticizer and the type of acrylic monomer used in the liquid component and in the nature of the polymer component.
Enamel bonding plastic materials in modifying the form of abutment teeth for the better functioning of partial prostheses
Authors: PIIRTO MATTI , EERIKÄINEN ESKO , SIIRILÄ HANNU S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe potential uses of enamel bonding sealants and composite filling materials in increasing the retentive form of abutment teeth and covering the preparations for the occlusal supports of partial prostheses were studied in laboratory conditions. The materials tested were Nuva and Concise sealants and composite resins.Extracted permanent human molars, premolars and canines were inserted into acrylic blocks, two teeth in each block. An unretentive clasp framework was made on every test block. A retention prominence was built up separately of sealants and of composite materials occlusally to the tip of each clasp arm. The bond strength and wear resistance of the materials was tested in a device designed for this study.The bond of the prominences was very good, only two out of 114 prominences loosened. The retention gained with prominences was, on average, 18 N measured by the force needed for removal. The decrease in the total retention of the four clasp arms was measured by the force needed to remove the clasp framework. The total retention of the prominences made of Nuva and Concise sealants after 5000 removals was 53 and 50% of the original, when long, flexible clasp arms were used. The corresponding figures for composite resins were 56 and 59%. Short rigid clasp arms caused a distinctly faster abrasion. The prominences made of sealants, in particular, were abraded rapidly, one‐fifth of retention being left after 3000 removals.
Short‐term changes in the perception of comfortable nandibular occlusal positions
Authors: TRYDE GERD , STOLTZE K. , FUJII H. , BRILL N. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn search of a new clinical method for determining the occlusal height of full dentures, the perception of the comfortable zone was studied in fifteen edentulous patients. In each experimental session perceptual changes were recorded from forty‐four consecutive applications of a screw jack per subject. Two stages in perceptual acuity were found. An initial stage, in which only minor variations occurred among the final screw adjustments which the subjects made when they assessed the borders of the comfortable zone. In the ensuing stage greater variations emerged, indicating a deterioration in the ability of the subjects to disciminate.
The relationship between the metacarpal index and the rate of mandibular ridge resorption
Authors: WARD V. J. , STEPHENS A. P. , HARRISON A. , LURIE D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis study tried to determine whether a relationship exists between the degree of alveolar resorption of the edentulous mandible and the degree of osteoprosis, as expressed by the metacarpal index. Eighty patients were examined. Each had a radiograph of the left hand to show the seocnd metacarpal, and a standard pan‐oral radiograph. A morphological measurement of the metacarpal bone, which is a good indication of the mineral content of the skeleton, was made on each hand radiograph. Alveolar resprption was estimated on the pan‐oral radiograph by taking the original height of the alveolar process as being three times the distance from the inferior border of the mandible to the inferior edge of the mental foramen. The regression analysis revealed no relationship between osteoporosis, as measured by the metacarpal index, and the amount of alveolar bone resorption.
The periodontium and restorative procedures
Authors: LEON A. R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe literature associated with the effect on the periodontal tissues of restorative procedures has been reviewed. Opinions have changed from the assumption that only poor restorative dental treatment led to periodontal disease, to the present concept, that even clinically sound restorations, if positioned subgingivally, may be important aetiological factors in the initiation of periodontal disease.
The influence of the time of etching and washing on the bond strength of fissure sealants applied to enamel
Authors: WILLIAMS B. , von FRAUNHOFER J. A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryVariation of the etching and washing times of enamel surfaces prior to the application of fissure sealants affect the bond strength in differing ways. Depending on the length of the etch time, the effect of washing may increase or decrese the bond strength of the sealant. Clinically, the most satisfactory combination of etch and wash time was found to be different to that suggested by the manufacturers.
Colorimetric determination of the masticatory performance
Authors: KÄYSER A. F. , van der HOEVEN J. S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA description is given of a colorimetric method to measure the masticatory function. It is based on the release of dye when chewing raw carrots. Information is given about the reproducibility of the method. The procedure takes 30 min for eitht tests on one subject and can be carried out with standard laboratory epuipment.
Dentine/pulp reactions to full crown preparation procedures
Authors: DAHL BJØRN L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryScanning electron microscopy was used to study the formation of a dentine smear in ten premolars ground with a water‐cooled diamond in an air turbine. In another ten teeth the pulp reaction to full crown preparation with the same armamentarium was investigated by histological techniques. The findings revealed the formation of a dentine smear which was easily removed by light polishing with wet pumice, leaving plugs of debris in the tubule apertures. The clinical significance of these findings needs further investigation. No bacteria were demonstrated on the prepared surfaces either in the scanning electron micrographs or histologically when stained with Brown & Brenn stain. Severe, acute pulp reactions were observed subjacent to the dentinal tubules cut in full crown preparation. This technique should therefore be limited to superficial use only.
Linear dimensional changes of three luting agents
Authors: ØILO GUDBRAND , AMBJØRNSEN EIRIK 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe linear dimensional changes during setting of a reinforced zinc oxide eugenol cement (Alumina EBA® Crown and Bridge Cement), a composite resin cement (Epoxylite 9080® Crown and Bridge ADhesive) and a zinc silico phosphate cement (Fluoro‐Thin® cement), have been studied. The measurements were performed on specimens placed on a mercury bath. The cements were allowed to set under various environmental humidity. The measurements of specimen length started 3 or 5 min after commencing the mix.The EBA‐cement showed a maximum contraction of 0·4% after 7 days when setting under dry conditions. Under wet conditions the cement had an initial contraction the first day of setting, and thereafter an expansion. After 21 days specimens setting under 100% relative humidity showed 0·3% expansion, whereas specimens immersed in water attained the initial length.The composite resin cement showed a contraction of 1·0% after 1 day when setting under dry conditions. Under wet conditions the specimens had an initial contraction of 0·8% the first day of setting being reduced to 0·4% during the next 20 days.The zinc silico phosphate cement showed a maximum contraction of 3·0% after 7 days under dry conditions and 0·5% after 1 day under wet conditions.
The concept of the sagittal condylar guidance: biological fact or fallacy?
Authors: CHRISTENSEN L. V. , SLABBERT J. C. G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe clinical concept of a sagittal condylar guidance pertaining to the human temporomandibular joint is discussed in the light of selected studies on the anatomy, radiography and cineradiography of this joint, and clinical attempts at recording a sagittal condylar guidance. It seems as if there is no single and well defined sagittal condylar guidance in vivo, and thus no single and well defined sagittal condylar guidance angle applicable to the adjustable articulator.
In vitro caries related to marginal leakage around composite resin restorations
Authors: ERIKSEN HARALD M. , PEARS GRAHAM 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe histology of caries‐like lesions around composite resin restorations with and without marginal leakage has been studied. The lesions were generated from bacterial plaque growing in an in vitro system. Marginal leakage was prevented by an acid etch technique. Ground sections of the experimental teeth were studied by polarized light and microradiography. The caries lesions penetrated along conventional class V restorations with marginal leakage while restorations bonded to an acid etched enamel surface totally prevented this ingrowth.
Mast cells in masseter muscle in experimental bruxism in man
Authors: CHRISTENSEN LARS VESTERGAARD 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThree human subjects performed tooth grinding for 25 min, and after 20 h biopsies of the right and left masseter muscles were examined for their contents of mast cells. In comparison with specimens from a control group of three subjects, there was an increase of degranulating mast cells in muscles that had performed bruxism.
Gnathosonic monitoring of patients with gnathic dysfunctions
Authors: WAKABAYASHI YASUO , WATT DAVID M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe progress of 23 adult patients during treatment for gnathic dysfunctions was monitored by gnathosonic techniques and graphs of the fluctuations in occlusal sound duration were studied. It was concluded that this method gave a useful insight into the progress of patients under treatment and aided the assessment of the effects of treatment.
Role of mucin and albumin in saline polarization of dental amalgam
Authors: FINKELSTEIN G.F. , GREENER E.H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryStudies into the electrochemical nature and corrosion behaviour of dental amalgam have indicated the need for an artificial saliva formula that will accurately simulate the electrochemical properties of natural saliva. Existing formulae have been based on inorganic saliva constituent concentrations, without accurate representation of organic constituents.
Study of a classification of occlusion
Authors: WATT DAVID M. , WAKABAYASHI YASUO 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA functional classification of occlusion based on the sounds produced by tooth contact was first proposed in 1970. The classification was found useful for identifying patients prone to gnathic dysfunctions as a significantly higher proportion of these patients were in Class C than in Class A. In the studies described in this paper other parameters of occlusion were measured to find if there were differences between the classes in addition to the differences in occlusal sound duration which identified the classes. The first study found highly significant differences in co‐ordination between Class A and Class C as measured by the coincidence of sound patterns. Many significant differences at the 1% level were found in the F test of samples of 5 successive occlusal sounds in series of 25 sounds in Classes A and C, but these differences diminished as the series of sounds was prolonged, suggesting that the subject's ability to find stable occlusal positions improved with successive occlusal contacts. No significant differences were found in time intervals between the sounds in different classes, but significant differences were found in masseter muscle activity in relation to the presence or absence of silent periods between occlusal classes. It was concluded that the functional classification of occlusion based on the duration of tooth contact sounds was valid.
Wear of combinations of acrylic resin and porcelain, on an abrasion testing machine
Authors: HARRISON ALAN 
Published: June 2007

SummaryWear tests of various combinations of acrylic resin and porcelain were made using a machine which was designed to test materials under conditions similar to those of masticatory function by simulating the loads, sliding distances, and contact times encountered in the human masticatory cycle. The results showed that the amount of wear of the two materials worn in combination depended on the nature of the surrounding medium and on the surface roughness of the opposing material. Acrylic resin showed good wear resistance provided no third party abrasive or opposing hard, rough surface was present. When a mild abrasive was incorporated in the system, the acrylic resin vs acrylic resin combination wore almost seven times more than porcelain vs porcelain. Clinical experience would suggest that this is a reasonably sound order of wear.
The in vitro fungicidal properties of Visco‐gel, alone and combined with nystatin and amphotericin B
Authors: THOMAS C.J. , NUTT G. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe in vitro effect of the tissue conditioner Visco‐gel, with or without the inclusion of nystatin and amphotericin B, upon Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis, has been studied. Visco‐gel alone was completely inert and would therefore not be used without nystatin in the treatment of a denture stomatitis where a yeast infection was present. Amphotericin B became completely ineffective when mixed with Visco‐gel, but in control tests remained very active.