bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erectile dysfunction prevalence in the United States: report from the 2021 National Survey of Sexual Wellbeing
Authors: Mark Kristen P , Arenella Kat , Girard Abby , Herbenick Debby , Fu Jane , Coleman Eli 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
There has been a great deal of public speculation regarding a surge in erectile dysfunction (ED) in younger men despite data consistently indicating that the ED prevalence rates increase with age.

Aim
In this study we sought to assess the prevalence and risk of experiencing ED in a nationally representative sample of men in the United States across various social groups, describe comorbidities, and examine barriers to treatment.

Methods
Data from the 2021 National Survey of Sexual Wellbeing were analyzed by utilizing the Ipsos KnowledgePanel®, a probability-based online panel, for the purpose of obtaining US nationally representative data of adults aged 18 years and older. The analytic sample consisted of 1822 cisgender men ranging in age from 18 to 87 years, with a mean age of 47.5 years.

Outcomes
Study outcomes were ED as measured by the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), as well as self-reported diagnosis by a medical professional, comorbidities with other health issues, medications taken for ED, and barriers to treatment.

Results
The ED prevalence rate based on IIEF-5 scores was 24.2%. Prevalence increased with age: 52.2% of the 75+ age group, and 48.0% of the 65-74 age group meeting diagnostic criteria for ED. Diagnostic criteria were met for more participants in the 18-24 age group (17.9%) than the 25-34 (13.3%) or 35-44 (12.7%) age groups, but less than the 45-54 (25.3%) or 55-64 (33.9%) age groups. Only 7.7% (n = 141) of the sample reported having been diagnosed by a provider (n = 4 in 25-34, n = 6 in 35-44, n = 13 in 45-54, n = 39 in 55-64, n = 44 in 65-74, and n = 34 in ≥75–year olds), indicating a gap in access to treatment. The most common reason selected for not accessing care for ED concerns was a lack of need to see a provider in the past year.

Clinical Implications
The discrepancy between ED self-report and medical diagnosis is critical, given that ED can be an indication of underlying health risks.

Strengths and Limitations
This study is the first nationally representative update to information regarding the prevalence of ED in almost 2 decades. Standard administration of the IIEF-5 is limited to participants who have had sex in the last 6 months, so these rates do not include those men with ED who have been avoiding penetrative sex for a significant time.

Conclusion
The results indicate that ED prevalence and severity remain highest in older age groups and that most individuals who meet criteria for ED have not sought medical care related to this concern.
The Liberalism of Fear and Public Health Ethics
Authors: Chen Alvin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article argues that the liberalism of fear provides a useful theoretical framework for public health ethics in two fronts. First, it helps reconcile the tension between public health interventions and liberal politics. Second, it reinforces the existing justifications for public health interventions in liberal political culture. The article discusses this in the context of political emotions in the COVID-19 pandemic. Fear plays a central role in the experiences of pandemic politics, and such fear is extended to the concern that post-pandemic government would normalize emergency politics and threaten the political culture of liberal democracy. The article proposes that the liberalism of fear provides a theoretical solution not only to alleviate such fear, but also to reconcile the long-established tension between liberal politics and public health intervention. This is particularly so if the liberalism of fear’s characteristic of political realism is taken into account. The article makes two points about this, and discusses their pragmatic implications in the case of compulsory vaccination.
On the robustness of detective quantum efficiency within the limits of IEC 61267 RQA standard radiation qualities
Authors: Pojtinger Stefan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
IEC 61267 allows a certain leeway regarding the establishment of radiation qualities in order to enable the use of X-ray tubes having different anode angles and inherent filtrations. This allowance has a direct impact on the calculation of the detective quantum efficiency and may potentially complicate any comparison of different imaging detectors based on this quantity. This work investigates this effect by applying computational methods. To this end, an algorithm was implemented to calculate the variation of the squared signal-to-noise ratio per air kerma for RQA standard radiation qualities and to deduce corresponding uncertainties based on GUM Supplement 2. For RQA standard radiation qualities, the results show standard uncertainties for the squared signal-to-noise ratio per air kerma of between 0.05 and 2.1%. Comparing imaging detectors based on detective quantum efficiency is associated with substantial uncertainty for some radiation qualities. This is due to the different photon fluences with respect to energy that are allowed by IEC 61267 for identical standard radiation qualities.
A Double-Edged Sword? The Criminalization of False Rape Accusations in Botswana
Authors: Dambe Baboki Jonathan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
False rape accusations have far reaching consequences in that they may result in the prosecution and conviction of innocent persons so falsely accused. In addition to the possibility of criminal sanctions, persons falsely accused of rape may suffer considerable societal stigma, damage to reputation, and psychological harm. Furthermore, the proliferation of false rape accusations may result in actual victims of rape being treated with mistrust and being disproportionately interrogated before their reports are acted upon. Neither of these consequences bode well for any criminal justice system. For this reason, the parliament of Botswana, through the 2021 amendment to the Penal Code, criminalized false or misleading rape accusations. This paper interrogates the legislative intent behind the criminalization. It discusses the elements of the offence in highlighting what the prosecution needs to prove to secure a conviction. Furthermore, the paper assesses the adequacy of the sentence imposed for the offence. For comparative purposes, I explore how other jurisdictions approach the challenges of false rape accusations and distil the lessons to be learnt from such approaches.
Effects of PM2.5 exposure on clock gene BMAL1 and cell cycle in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Shen Haochong , Gong Meidi , Zhang Minghao , Sun Shikun , Zheng Rao , Yan Qing , Hu Juan , Xie Xiaobin , Wu Yan , Yang Junjie , Wu Jing , Yang Jing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure has been closely associated with cardiovascular diseases, which are relevant to cell cycle arrest. Brain and muscle aryl-hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (BMAL1) not only participates in regulating the circadian clock but also plays a role in modulating cell cycle. However, the precise contribution of the circadian clock gene BMAL1 to PM2.5-induced cell cycle change remains unclear. This study aims to explore the impact of PM2.5 exposure on BMAL1 expression and the cell cycle in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Methods
HUVECs was exposed to PM2.5 for 24 hours at different concentrations ((0, 12.5, 25, 75 and 100 μg.mL-1) to elucidate the potential toxic mechanism. Following exposure to PM2.5, cell viability, ROS, cell cycle, and the expression of key genes and proteins were detected.

Results
A remarkable decrease in cell viability is observed in the PM2.5-exposed HUVECs, as well as a significant increase in ROS production. In addition, PM2.5-exposed HUVECs have cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, and the gene expression of p27 is also markedly increased. The protein expression of BMAL1 and the gene expression of BMAL1 are increased significantly. Moreover, the protein expressions of p-p38 MAPK and p-ERK1/2 exhibit a marked increase in the PM2.5-exposed HUVECs. Furthermore, following the transfection of HUVECs with siBMAL1 to suppress BMAL1 expression, we observed a reduction in both the protein and gene expression of the MAPK/ERK pathway in HUVECs exposed to PM2.5.

Conclusions
Overall, our results indicate that PM2.5 exposure significantly upregulates the circadian clock gene expression of BMAL1 and regulates G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in HUVECs through the MAPK/ERK pathway, which may provide new insights into the potential molecular mechanism regarding BMAL1 on PM2.5-induced cardiovascular diseases.
Exploring the latency period in Chagas disease: duration and determinants in a cohort from Colombia
Authors: Olivera Mario Javier , Muñoz Lyda 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Chagas disease has a varying latency period, the time between infection and onset of cardiac symptoms, due to multiple factors. This study seeks to identify and understand these factors to enhance our knowledge of the disease.

Methods
A retrospective follow-up study was conducted in Colombia on patients with indeterminate chronic Chagas disease. Medical files were examined to evaluate the disease latency time using time ratios (TRs) and the AFT Weibull model.

Results
The study followed 578 patients, of whom 309 (53.5%) developed cardiac disease, with a median latency period of 18.5 (95% CI 16 to 20) y for the cohort. Those with the TcISyl genotype (TR 0.72; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.80), individuals who lived 5–15 y (TR 0.80; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.95), 15–30 y (TR 0.63; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.74) or &gt;30 y (vs 5 y) in areas with high disease prevalence had shorter latency periods. On the other hand, undergoing treatment increased the latency period (TR: 1.74; 95% CI 1.52 to 1.87).

Conclusions
The latency period of Chagas disease was found to be independently related to male gender, receipt of etiological treatment, length of time spent in an endemic area and the TcISyl genotype. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Management of postinfectious inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Baker Hailey , Amaral J. Kennedy , Schoen Robert T. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
Postinfectious inflammatory arthritis can result from various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Prompt identification and treatment of acute infection is vital, but some cases progress to chronic arthritis despite successful treatment of infection. Postinfectious inflammatory arthritis varies from mild, self-limited arthralgia to severe, refractory arthritis, necessitating ongoing disease-modifying treatment. This review explores the spectrum of postinfectious inflammatory arthritis to provide insights into effective management.

Recent findings
Research continues regarding the benefit of antimicrobial therapy, beyond treatment of the acute infection, to diminish the severity of postinfectious inflammatory arthritis. Following treatment of acute infection, most cases are self-limited so treatment is symptomatic. However, a difficult-to-predict fraction of cases develop chronic postinfectious inflammatory arthritis that can be challenging to manage. Recently, as more biologic, and targeted synthetic DMARDs have become available, treatment options have expanded.

Summary
In this article, we use the term ‘postinfectious inflammatory arthritis’ rather than ‘reactive arthritis’ because it describes a broader spectrum of diseases and emphasizes the common pathogenesis of a postinfectious inflammatory process. We summarize the conventional therapies and recent management developments for the most frequently encountered postinfectious inflammatory arthritides.
Outcomes Following Pelvic Exenteration for Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer With and Without En Bloc Sacrectomy
Authors: Waller Jacob H. , Van Kessel Charlotte S. , Solomon Michael J. , Lee Peter J. , Austin Kirk K.S. , Steffens Daniel 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Extended radical resection is often the only chance of cure for locally recurrent rectal cancer. Recurrence in the posterior compartment often necessitates en bloc sacrectomy as part of pelvic exenteration in order to obtain clear resection margins and provide survival benefit.

OBJECTIVE:
To compare oncological, morbidity and quality of life outcomes, following pelvic exenteration with and without en bloc sacrectomy for recurrent rectal cancer.

DESIGN:
Comparative Cohort study with retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.

SETTING:
This study was conducted at a high volume pelvic exenteration center.

PATIENTS:
Those who underwent pelvic exenteration for locally recurrent rectal cancer between 1994 and 2022.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Overall survival, post-operative morbidity, R0 resection margin and quality of life outcomes.

RESULTS:
A total of 305 (31.6%) of 965 patients underwent pelvic exenteration for locally recurrent rectal cancer. 64.3% of patients were male with a median age of 62 (range, 29-86). 185 patients (60.7%) underwent en bloc sacrectomy, 65 (35.1%) underwent high transection, 119 (64.3%) had sacrectomy below S2. R0 resection was achieved in 80% of patients with sacrectomy and 72.5% without. Sacrectomy patients experienced more postoperative complications without increased mortality. Median overall survival was 52 months, 47 months with sacrectomy and 73 months without (p = 0.059). Quality of life scores were not significantly different across physical component (p = 0.346), mental component (p = 0.787) or Functional assessment of cancer therapy-Colorectal (p = 0.679) scores at 24 month follow up.

LIMITATIONS:
Generalizability of these findings may be limited outside of sub-specialist exenteration units. Selection bias exists in a retrospective analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients undergoing pelvic exenteration with and without en bloc sacrectomy for locally recurrent rectal cancer experience similar rates of R0 resection, survival and quality of life outcomes. As R0 remains the most important predictor of survival the requirement of sacral resection should prompt referral to a subspecialist center which performs sacrectomy routinely. See Video Abstract.
Laparoscopic partial splenectomy for sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation: A case report and literature review
Authors: Lin Yu-Ning , Tsai Chun-Yi , Yeh Ta-Sen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Laparoscopic partial splenectomy has become the preferred method for benign disease or low-grade malignancy with advantages of organ preservation and avoidance of potential postsplenectomy fulminant infection. We herein presented a presumed diagnosis of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation subjected to laparoscopic partial splenectomy. The patient underwent the surgical procedure uneventfully and was discharged at day 4 postoperatively. The diagnosis was confirmed by the pathological examination.
Association between lumbar muscle size and bone mineral density in nonfractured postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis
Authors: Hou Chun-Han , Hsieh Tsyh-Jyi , Chou Ming-Chung 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women is associated with bone loss and a decline in muscle mass. However, the associations between lumbar muscle size and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between lumbar muscle size and BMD in nonfractured postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and those with osteopenia.

Methods
A total of 89 postmenopausal women with osteopenia (n = 53) and osteoporosis (n = 36) were retrospectively enrolled in this study from 2014 to 2022. All participants underwent lumbar magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy absorptiometry within a month. The lean lumbar muscle sizes at different lumbar levels were quantitatively evaluated on axial T1-weighted images. The associations between lumbar muscle size and BMD were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis.

Results
The osteoporosis group had significantly smaller lean psoas muscle sizes than the osteopenia group. Based on the correlation analysis, the erector spinae and multifidus muscle sizes were significantly associated with lumbar and femoral neck BMDs in the osteoporosis group. However, no significant association was found between lean psoas muscle size and BMDs in the osteopenia group. Thus, the associations between lumbar muscle decline and bone loss differed between postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and those with osteopenia.

Conclusions
The study findings suggest differences in the associations between BMD and lumbar muscle size between postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and those with osteopenia.
Osteoarthritis Increases the Frequency and Duration of Postoperative Hand Clinic Visits after Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: George Robert E. , Seitz Allison J. , Moura Steven P. , Mclaughlin Matthew T. , Crawford Serra B. , Attaluri Pradeep K. , Edalatpour Armin , Michelotti Brett F. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Carpal tunnel syndrome affects up to 6% of the general population, and surgical intervention is often required to ameliorate symptoms. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition that often coexists with carpal tunnel syndrome. We hypothesized that patients with preexisting OA use more healthcare resources after carpal tunnel release (CTR) than patients without arthritis.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study at a single academic center between January 1, 2018 and November 1, 2021. Patients who underwent CTR were included. Preoperative carpal tunnel symptoms, diagnostic tests, medications, and concomitant OA were abstracted. Hand, wrist, and basal joint arthritis were specified. The primary outcome was healthcare utilization represented by duration and frequency of hand clinic and occupational therapy (OT) follow-up. In total, 312 hands were included. Multivariable analysis was performed.

Results:
The average duration of hand clinic follow-up among patients without arthritis was 25.3 days compared with 87.1 days for patients with any arthritis (P = 0.0375) and 172 days for patients with wrist arthritis (P = 0.012). The average number of postoperative surgeon visits was increased in patients with hand arthritis, with an average of 2.3 visits versus 1.34 visits for patients without arthritis (P = 0.003). Both the number of OT visits and the duration of OT follow-up did not differ between cohorts.

Conclusion:
After CTR, patients with preexisting OA use more healthcare resources than patients without OA.
Early Return to Work after Carpal Tunnel Release with Ultrasound Guidance
Authors: Paterson Paul D. , Kirsch Matthew J. , Miller Larry E. , Aguila Demetrio J. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
The duration of postoperative leave varies by the carpal tunnel release (CTR) technique. This study aimed to determine the time to return to work (RTW) after CTR with ultrasound (CTR-US) guidance and identify factors contributing to this duration.

Methods:
This was a multicenter postmarket registry of patients treated with CTR-US. Time to RTW was analyzed with Kaplan–Meier methods. Logistic regression identified the association of patient, work, and procedural factors with the probability of RTW within 5 days (a standard work week) after CTR-US.

Results:
A total of 544 employed patients (655 hands) from 24 centers were treated with CTR-US between November 2019 and August 2022. The mean patient age was 50 years, 62% were women, and most (76%) were full-time employees, where work activities were desk-based (49%), light manual (28%), or heavy manual (23%). The complication rate was 0.8%. After CTR-US, the median RTW was 3 days (interquartile range: 1–6 days), with 74.6% returning by 5 days, 87.8% by 10 days, and 97.1% by 30 days. Work activity (desk-based versus heavy manual: odds ratio = 2.93, 95% confidence interval: 1.70–5.04, P < 0.001) and sex (man versus woman: odds ratio = 1.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.15–2.98, P = 0.01) were associated with higher probability of RTW within 5 days. The median RTW ranged from 2 to 4 days in all patient subgroups, including heavy manual laborers (median 4 days) and women (median 3 days).

Conclusions:
CTR-US offers an efficient approach to treating CTS, enabling most patients to RTW with minimal delay. The short recovery periods observed across diverse patient and work characteristic subgroups compare favorably to other CTR techniques.
Problematic Sexualized Behavior in Children: Essentials for the Pediatric Forensic Nurse
Authors: Hornor Gail 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Problematic sexual behavior (PSB) in children and adolescents is a significant public health problem. PSB is defined as harmful or developmentally inappropriate behaviors involving sexual organs or regions of the body exhibited by children or adolescents. PSB may be harmful to self or others or be abusive toward another child, adolescent, or adult. Adolescents, typically defined as children 12 years old or older, engaging in PSB can be vulnerable to formal court adjudication as their behaviors may be considered a sexual offense. PSB can result in significant negative consequences for all children and adolescents involved as well as their families. This article will describe sexual behavior in children, normative and problematic, and explore implications for forensic nursing practice.
Associations of Chronotype, Work Schedule, and Sleep Problems With Work Engagement Experiences in Middle Age—The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966
Authors: Kiema-Junes Heli , Saarinen Aino , Ala-Mursula Leena , Hintsanen Mirka 
Published: February 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to investigate the role of chronotype for work engagement in middle age.

Methods
We used data from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study (N = 5341) to analyze associations of self-reported chronotype (morning, intermediate, and evening type) with work engagement and its dimensions (vigor, dedication, absorption). We conducted multivariate analyses of variance to examine whether work schedule or sleep problems moderate these associations.

Results
Evening types showed lower scores in work engagement and its dimensions than intermediate and morning types, even when work schedule and sleep problems were controlled. Sleep problems emphasized the chronotype-work engagement and chronotype-dedication linkages.

Conclusions
Chronotype may play a role in employees’ work engagement. In addition, sleep problems seem relevant in terms of chronotype-work engagement linkage.