bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative analysis identifies molecular features of fibroblast and the significance of fibrosis on neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Chen Bo , Zhang Hanghao , Peng Lushan , Liu Xiangyan , Zhang Qian , Wang Xiaoxiao , Peng Shuai , Wang Kuangsong , Liao Liqiu 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The molecular features of fibroblasts and the role of fibrosis in neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response and breast cancer (BRCA) prognosis remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of interstitial fibrosis on the response and prognosis of patients with BRCA undergoing NAC treatment.

Materials and Methods:
The molecular characteristics of pathologic complete response (pCR) and non-pCR (npCR) in patients with BRCA were analyzed using multiomics analysis. A clinical cohort was collected to investigate the predictive value of fibrosis in patients with BRCA.

Results:
Fibrosis-related signaling pathways were significantly upregulated in patients with npCR. npCR may be associated with distinct and highly active fibroblast subtypes. Patients with high fibrosis had lower pCR rates. The fibrosis-dependent nomogram for pCR showed efficient predictive ability [training set: area under the curve [AUC]=0.871, validation set: AUC=0.792]. Patients with low fibrosis had a significantly better prognosis than those with high fibrosis, and those with a high fibrotic focus index had significantly shorter overall and recurrence-free survival. Therefore, fibrosis can be used to predict pCR. Our findings provide a basis for decision-making in the treatment of BRCA.

Conclusions:
npCR is associated with a distinct and highly active fibroblast subtype. Furthermore, patients with high fibrosis have lower pCR rates and shorter long-term survival. Therefore, fibrosis can predict pCR. A nomogram that includes fibrosis can provide a basis for decision-making in the treatment of BRCA.
Evidence on docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid supplementation for preterm infants
Authors: Lapillonne Alexandre , Lembo Chiara , Moltu Sissel J. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
For many decades, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation was tested in premature infants to achieve an intake equivalent to the average level in breast milk, but this approach has led to conflicting results in terms of development and health outcomes. Higher doses of DHA closer to fetal accumulation may be needed.

Recent findings
The efficacy of DHA supplementation for preterm infants at a dose equivalent to the estimated fetal accumulation rate is still under investigation, but this may be a promising approach, especially in conjunction with arachidonic acid supplementation. Current data suggest benefit for some outcomes, such as brain maturation, long-term cognitive function, and the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity. The possibility that supplementation with highly unsaturated oils increases the risk of neonatal morbidities should not be ruled out, but current meta-analyzes do not support a significant risk.

Summary
The published literature supports a DHA intake in preterm infants that is closer to the fetal accumulation rate than the average breast milk content. Supplementation with DHA at this level in combination with arachidonic acid is currently being investigated and appears promising.
Update on ischemic hepatitis
Authors: Smith Jessica Elizabeth , Rockey Don C. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
Ischemic hepatitis (IH) refers to diffuse liver injury secondary to hypoperfusion. The condition is usually seen in the critical care setting and is associated with significant mortality. IH typically occurs in the setting of systemic hypotension superimposed on some form of underlying cardiac dysfunction. This review aims to report what is known and what is new about the etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features associated with IH.

Recent findings
In recent years, studies on IH have largely confirmed earlier reports regarding etiologies, comorbid conditions, and associated mortality. Recent study has also shed light on the potential treatment of IH with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC).

Summary
IH is typically associated with underlying cardiac disease, and patients with IH have a very high mortality rate. Treatment remains largely supportive, although the utility of agents such as NAC are being explored.
Swallowing after total laryngectomy surgery: where are we after 150 years?
Authors: O’Connor Laura M. , Maclean Julia C.F. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review

Recent findings
Dysphagia is a common sequela following total laryngectomy surgery; however, there is significant variability in its assessment and management. Manometry enables an accurate understanding of the underlying mechanism of dysphagia and precise assessment of any oesophageal dysfunction. EndoFLIP is a useful tool to better understand dysfunction of the upper oesophageal sphincter particularly to detect stricture.

Summary
Following total laryngectomy surgery, dysphagia is common; clinicians need to be alert to early indicators of dysfunction and understand the tools to comprehensively characterize swallow function. Accurate diagnosis of a stricture is important, as this aspect of dysfunction can be modified, and may alleviate surrogate problems such as a leaking voice prosthesis. Clinicians should have a low threshold to examine patients for oesophageal dysfunction due to the high prevalence of dysmotility following a laryngectomy.
Implementation of Group-Based Exercise Programs in Physiotherapy
Authors: Le Berre Mélanie , Forest Lauriane , Dumoulin Chantale 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This review synthesized implementation literature on group-based exercise programs in physiotherapy. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched for English and French articles published between 2000 and 2022. Through a two-step process (titles/abstracts and full text), two independent reviewers selected studies. The independent reviewers then extracted data and assessed study quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A total of 31 studies involving 4555 participants were included. Data on the group-based programs were extracted using the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template and reported narratively. Implementation outcomes were reported narratively. The most frequently reported constructs pertained to feasibility and acceptability. Overall, the implementation of group-based programs appeared to be feasible, yielding high rates of adherence and attendance (between 36% and 91%), moderate-to-high completion rates (between 46% and 100%), low-to-moderate dropout rates (between 4.5% and 35.9%), and high satisfaction (satisfaction scores generally ranging above 7/10). The present findings also indicate a high acceptability for group-based physiotherapy exercise programs among patients. This review provided an overview of the literature on the implementation of group-based exercise programs in physiotherapy. In addition, it identified the need for more evidence on fidelity and costs. Future research should address these gaps to better inform healthcare stakeholders.
Assessing Scar Outcomes Using Objective Scar Measurement Tools: An Adjunct to Validated Scar Evaluation Scales
Authors: Bernabe Rendell M. , Madrigal Paloma , Choe Deborah , Pham Christopher , Yenikomshian Haig A. , Gillenwater Justin 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The assessment of scar outcomes is important to both patient care and research focused on understanding the results of medical and surgical interventions. The Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) are validated and simple instruments to assess scars. However, these subjective scales have shortcomings. The VSS fails to capture patient perception and has indeterminate validity and reliability. The POSAS captures patient perception, but the observer scale has been shown to have moderate amounts of interrater variability. Studies highlighting the ability of objective scar assessment tools to produce reliable and reproducible results are needed. In this study, the authors aimed to validate the use of the FibroMeter, ElastiMeter, and SkinColorCatch as objective adjuncts in the assessment of hypertrophic scar and keloid outcomes.

Methods:
In this prospective single-center study, scars were assessed using the VSS, the POSAS, and the objective study tools (FibroMeter, ElastiMeter, and SkinColorCatch). Correlations between the different methods of scar assessment were measured.

Results:
The FibroMeter and SkinColorCatch showed significant correlations with the VSS total and the observer POSAS total. The ElastiMeter showed significant correlations with both the patient and observer POSAS totals. Unexpected correlations between ElastiMeter measurements and the vascularity or pigmentation of scars indicate that scoring of these categories may be influenced by how severe the scar looks to the observer subjectively, underscoring the need for reliable objective scar assessment tools.

Conclusion:
The results highlight the ability of the FibroMeter, ElastiMeter, and SkinColorCatch to assess scars, and demonstrate their potential in serving as important adjuncts to previously validated scar assessment scales.
Defining the Role of Social Vulnerability in Treatment and Survival in Localized Colon Cancer
Authors: Meier Jennie , Murimwa Gilbert , Nehrubabu Mithin , Yopp Adam , DiMartino Lisa , Singal Amit G. , Zeh Herbert J. , Polanco Patricio 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
To determine whether variations in Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) are associated with disparities in colon cancer surgery and mortality.

Summary Background Data:
Colon cancer mortality is influenced by health care access, which is affected by individual and community-level factors. Prior studies have not used the SVI to compare surgical access and survival in localized colon cancer patients. Further, it is unclear if those above 65 years are more vulnerable to variations in SVI.

Methods:
We queried the Texas and California Cancer Registries from 2004-2017 to identify patients with localized colonic adenocarcinoma and categorized patients into <65 and ≥65 years. Our outcomes were survival and access to surgical intervention. The independent variable was census tract social vulnerability index, with higher scores indicating more social vulnerability. We used multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards for analysis.

Results:
We included 73,923 patients with a mean age of 68.6 years (SD 13.0), mean SVI of 47.2 (SD 27.6), and 51.1% male. After adjustment, increasing SVI was associated with reduced odds of undergoing surgery (OR 0.996; 95% CI 0.995-0.997; P < 0.0001 and increased mortality (HR 1.002; 95% CI 1.001-1.002; P < 0.0001). Patients < 65 years were more sensitive to variation in SVI.

Conclusions:
Increased social vulnerability was associated with reduced odds of receiving surgery for early-stage colon cancer as well as increased mortality. These findings amplify the need for policy changes at the local, state, and federal level to address community-level vulnerability to improve access to surgical care and reduce mortality.
Vitamin D is a biomarker of clinical disease severity in oral lichen planus
Authors: Unnikrishnan Sreedevi P. , Boggon Janice , Mclaughlin Bernice , Cruickshank Maggie E. , Abu-Eid Rasha , Hijazi Karolin 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition known to adversely impact patient quality of life and is associated with an increased risk of cancer. The diverse clinical presentation and poor knowledge of clinical factors that determine the course of disease are amongst the main challenges that hinder effective and personalised treatment for OLP patients.This study aimed to systematically identify clinical predictors of disease severity in OLP patients. A cohort of patients with histologically confirmed OLP (n=89) was recruited in a cross-sectional and single site study. A comprehensive assessment of clinical characteristics, medical and social history, haematological parameters, vitamin D levels, and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was carried out. Hierarchical linear regression identified the predictive value of clinical factors to OLP disease severity measured by the Oral Disease Severity Score (ODSS) and the Reticular/hyperkeratotic, Erosive/erythematous, Ulcerative (REU) scoring system.Findings revealed that extraoral lichen planus and insufficient vitamin D levels were significant predictors of both overall and gingival disease severity of OLP. Specifically, patients with lichen planus affecting the skin or other mucosal sites had a 5.766-unit higher OLP severity score (β=5.766, 95% CI=.744-10.788, p=.025) than those without extraoral involvement as measured by ODSS. Patients with insufficient vitamin D levels exhibited 5.490-unit increase in OLP severity (β=5.490, 95% CI=1.136-9.844, p=.014) compared to those with adequate vitamin D levels. The presence of dental plaque-induced gingivitis (β=4.833, 95% CI=.974-8.692, p=.015), was found to be a significant factor affecting gingival disease severity.This study revealed the importance of adequate vitamin D levels in OLP patients and suggests embedding vitamin D pre-treatment screening to optimise management of OLP. Future research should focus on elucidating the biological mechanisms underlying the protective effects of vitamin D in OLP.
Base editing ofPtbp1in neurons alleviates symptoms in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Böck Desirée , Wilhelm Maria , Mumenthaler Jonas , Carpanese Daniel Fabio , Kulcsár Peter I. , d‘Aquin Simon , Cremonesi Alessio , Rassi Anahita , Häberle Johannes , Patriarchi Tommaso , Schwank Gerald 
Published: March 2024

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial disease caused by irreversible progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons (DANs). Recent studies have reported successful conversion of astrocytes into DANs by repressing polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1), which led to the rescue of motor symptoms in a chemically-induced mouse model of PD. However, several follow-up studies have questioned the validity of this astrocyte to DAN conversion model. In this study, we devised an adenine base editing strategy to downregulate PTBP1 in astrocytes and neurons in a chemically-induced PD mouse model. While PTBP1 downregulation in astrocytes had no effect, we observed that PTBP1 downregulation in neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and striatum resulted in the expression of the DAN marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in non-dividing neurons, which was associated with an increase in striatal dopamine concentrations and a rescue of forelimb akinesia and spontaneous rotations. Phenotypic analysis using multiplexed iterative immunofluorescence imaging further revealed that most of the TH-positive cells in the striatum co-expressed the dopaminergic marker DAT and the pan-neuronal marker NEUN, with the majority of these triple-positive cells being classified as mature GABAergic neurons. Additional research is needed to fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the expression of the observed markers and understand how the formation of these cells contributes to the rescue of spontaneous motor behaviors. Nevertheless, our findings support a model where neuronal, but not astrocytic, downregulation of PTBP1 can mitigate symptoms in PD mice.
Perception - action dissociations depend on factors that affect multisensory processing
Authors: Bruno Nicola , Uccelli Stefano 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBehavioral perception-action dissociations are widely used to test models of high-level vision, but debates concerning their interpretation have underestimated the role of multisensory mechanisms in such tests. Sensorimotor tasks engage multisensory processing in fundamentally different ways in comparison to perceptual tasks, and these differences can modulate the effects of illusion in specific ways in accord with the features of the experimental task. To test this idea, we compared perception and action using a well-understood size-contrast effect, the Uznadze illusion, and manipulated both unimodal and crossmodal stimulation as well as conditions that are known to favor or hinder multisensory integration. Results demonstrate that varying such conditions can cause a visual task to be affected by the illusion, or remain fully unaffected, whereas a visuomotor task can be affected by the illusion, remain immune from the illusion, or, unexpectedly, even show a robust reverse effect. Thus, similar or dissociable effects on perception and action can be observed depending on factors that are known to affect multisensory processing.These findings provide a novel perspective on a long standing debate in behavioral cognitive neuroscience.
Roles for RERE in lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation and survival, and human cystic lymphatic malformations
Authors: Rogerson Daniella M. , Muley Ajit , Giordano Jessica , Vogel Zoe , Wapner Ronald , Shawber Carrie J. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTHuman congenital lymphatic anomalies (LAs) arise due to defects in lymphatic development. During a genetic study of fetuses with LAs, we identified a heterozygous pathogenic truncating variant inREREin a fetus with a cystic lymphatic malformation (CLM). RERE is a transcriptional regulator which interacts with several key lymphangiogenic factors, including Notch and Coup-TFII. RERE also modulates retinoic acid signaling, which is essential for lymphatic vascular development. Thus, we hypothesized that RERE functions in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and its loss contributes to LEC dysfunction and CLM pathogenesis. RERE was found to be expressed in the lymphatic endothelium during human development.REREknockdown in human LECs reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis, increased expression of key lymphangiogenic genes,PROX1, COUP-TFIIandVEGFR3, and altered expression of Notch target genes. RERE expression was elevated in LECs isolated from CLMs with pathogenicPIK3CAvariants. These findings support a novel role for RERE in LECs, where RERE regulates LEC proliferation, LEC survival, lymphangiogenic gene expression and Notch signaling, which in turn suggests its loss contributes to CLM pathogenesis.
Single-Molecule Orientation Imaging Reveals the Nano-Architecture of Amyloid Fibrils Undergoing Growth and Decay
Authors: Sun Brian , Ding Tianben , Zhou Weiyan , Porter Tara S. , Lew Matthew D. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTAmyloid-beta (Aβ42) aggregates are characteristic signatures of Alzheimer’s disease, but probing how their nanoscale architectures influence their growth and decay remains challenging using current technologies. Here, we apply time-lapse single-molecule orientation-localization microscopy (SMOLM) to measure the orientations and rotational “wobble” of Nile blue (NB) molecules transiently binding to Aβ42 fibrils. We quantify correlations between fibril architectures, measured by SMOLM, and their growth and decay visualized by single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). We discover that stable Aβ42 fibrils tend to be well-ordered, signified by well-aligned NB orientations and small wobble. SMOLM also shows that increasing order and disorder are signatures of growing and decaying Aβ42 fibrils, respectively. We also observe SMLM-invisible fibril remodeling, including steady growth and decay patterns that conserve β-sheet organization. SMOLM reveals that increased heterogeneity in fibril architectures is correlated with more dynamic remodeling and that large-scale fibril remodeling tends to originate from local regions that exhibit strong heterogeneity.
Assessing the Feasibility of Processing a Paper-based Multilingual Social Needs Screening Questionnaire Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ekekezie Obinna I. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe collection of Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) data is increasingly mandated by healthcare payers, yet traditional paper-based methods pose challenges in terms of cost effectiveness, accuracy, and completeness when manually entered into Electronic Health Records (EHRs). This study explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically using a document understanding model (Microsoft Azure Document Intelligence) and large language models (OpenAI’s GPT-4 Turbo and GPT-3.5 Turbo), to automate the conversion of paper-based Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) questionnaires into structured, machine-readable formats that could theoretically be incorporated into EHRs. Using a dataset of synthetic and scanned examples, the study compares the performance of the GPT-3.5 and 4 Turbo base models and fine-tuned GPT-3.5 Turbo models on this task. Findings indicate that GPT-4 Turbo outperforms GPT-3.5 Turbo in accuracy and consistency, with fine-tuning enhancing GPT-3.5 Turbo’s performance and consistency in several languages. These results suggest that AI could prove to be an accurate alternative to manual data entry, with important implications for improving how SDoH data is incorporated into EHRs. Future research should address data privacy, security concerns, cost considerations, and the technical aspects of incorporating AI-generated data into EHRs.DescriptionThis study explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically using a document understanding model (Microsoft Azure Document Intelligence) and large language models (OpenAI’s GPT-4 Turbo and GPT-3.5 Turbo), to automate the conversion of paper-based Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) questionnaires into structured, machine-readable formats that could theoretically be incorporated into a patient’s electronic health records (EHRs).
The Bambisana Study Protocol: A mixed methods pre- and post- test study assessing community and social media influence to increase influenza vaccination uptake among youth in Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Dietrich Janan J. , Hill Catherine , Tshabalala Gugulethu , Msibi Tshepiso , Vermaak Stefanie , Myburgh Nellie , Malycha Sarah , Goldstein Izzy , Grainger Elliot , Alam Prima , Gutu Kimberley , Otwombe Kennedy , Larson Heidi J. , Dangor Ziyaad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSeasonal influenza has an estimated global reach of 3 to 5 million infections with 290 000 to 650 000 influenza-related deaths yearly. Despite its efficacy in reducing morbidity and mortality, influenza vaccination rates remain low globally and in South Africa. Youth between the ages of 18-34 years are not prioritised for influenza vaccines although influenza surveillance in South Africa shows that individuals aged 19 to 44 present the highest asymptomatic episodes and the lowest medically attended illness. This creates an opportunity to investigate if and how vaccine demand can be created in the absence of clear imperatives to vaccinate. The study tests the effectiveness of tailored, context-specific education, community engagement, including community and social media to increase influenza vaccination uptake.Tailored, context-specific education, community engagement, reliable vaccine supply and free, localised access are all critical for improving perceptions of, increasing confidence in, and motivating uptake of vaccination. This study explores strategies to increase vaccine uptake amongst marginalised youth 18-34 years old in Soweto, South Africa, where influenza vaccines are not universally accessible through the public health system for this age group.MethodsThe Bambisana Study uses an innovative approach - including community influencers and social media - to increase uptake of influenza vaccines through designing and testing an integrated communications strategy targeted at marginalised youth in Soweto, South Africa. The Bambisana study uses a mixed methods pre-test, post-test intervention design to test the effects of the interventions.Conclusion and SignificanceEnhancing perceptions of, bolstering confidence in, and fostering uptake of vaccination relies heavily on the efficacy of yearly influenza vaccination initiatives, personalized education tailored to specific contexts, active community involvement, consistent vaccine availability, and easily accessible, cost-free distribution channels at the local level.