bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MBC‐resistente Freilandpopulationen von Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides in langjährigem Überwachungsversuch
Authors: Fehrmann H. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract MBC resistant field populations of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides in a long‐term monitoring experiment In, long‐term field experiment, since 1975/1976 winter whaet was grown continuously for eight years. One half of the 1‐ha field was sprayed once a year with carhendazim against eyespot (Pseudocercosporella, herpotrichoides); another application of MBC/TBZ was, after heading. From 1978/1979 seed was treated with MBC also. The other half of the field remained untreated all the time. During the first five years, in the sprayed plot the relative proportion of MBC‐resistant conidia increased steadily, but on a very low level only. During the next three years, however, there was a sharp increase in the level of MBC‐resistance in the sprayed plot. — In the unsprayed plot, at the end of the eight year period the level of MBC‐resistance in the field population of the fungus still was low.
Seed Transmission of Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus in Sweet Corn
Authors: Mikel M. A. , D'Arcy Cleora J. , Ford R. E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSweet corn seed from several maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV)‐infected hybrids grown in the field were tested for transmission of MDMV through the seed. Seeds collected in 1979, 1980, 1981, and 1982, were germinated in the greenhouse the following winters. Only one seedling of 22,189 was MDMV‐infected During the last three years, seed were dissected at different maturities and the seed parts tested for the presence of MDMV by both infectivity and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At 21 days after pollination, MDMV always was detected in the pericarp, but rarely in the endosperm or embryo. No MDMV was detected in the embryo of mature kernels, but virus occasionally was detected in the endosperm and pericarp. MDMV was regularly detected in unfertilized kernels and whole silks, but not in pollen by infectivity, ELISA or serological specific electron microscopy. MDMV was detected in glumes and whole anthers.
The Antigens of Wheat Rosette Stunt and Northern Cereal Mosaic Viruses are Related
Authors: Lundsgaard T. , Tien P. , Toriyama S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractLeaf tissue from plants infected with northern cereal mosaic virus (NCMV) and wheat rosette stunt virus (WRSV) was extracted with a buffer containing a non‐ionic detergent. The extracts were tested by double immunodiffusion test for comparing the G protein antigens and by immunosorbent electron microscopy with decoration for comparing the nucleocapsid antigens. The heterologous reactions could not be distinguished from the homologous, thus indicating close relationship or identity of the two viruses.
Comparisons between Phytoalexin Concentrations and the Extent of Rotting of Potato Tubers Inoculated with Erwinia carotovora sub sp. atroseptica, E. carotovora sub sp. carotovora or E. chrysanthemi
Authors: Lyon G. D. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIsolates of Erwinia carotovora sub sp. atroseptica, E. carotovora sub sp. carotovora and E. chrysanthemi were compared for their ability to rot potato tubers and to elicit the accumulation of phytoalexins. With three incubation temperatures (15, 22 and 30°C) tubers were more susceptible at higher temperatures and mean rot weights were inversely correlated with mean rishitin concentrations. However, within treatment variation between tubers in the extent of rotting was not correlated with rishitin concentration suggesting that other factor(s) also affect resistance. Phytoalexins, including 15‐dihydrolubimin, 3‐hydroxylubimin, phytuberin and solavetivone, were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography using a silica column.
Die Reaktion anfälliger und resistenter Gerstensorten auf pilzliche Krankheitserreger
Authors: Priehradný S. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Response to fungus pathogen in susceptible and resistant barley cultivars IV. Water‐ and dry matter content The changes in dry matter‐ and water content dynamics in the root and shoots of barley infected with the fungus Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei Marchal were studied in variously receptive cultivars. Cultivation of plants in solid (perlite) or liquid medium was compared.The response of susceptible barley to mildew infection is characterized at First by an increase in water content and slightly in dry matter of shoots accompanied with an unsignificant decrease in root growth. However, as the fructification progressed, barley growth is reduced in all investigated parameters. The infected resistant barley indicates unsignificantly increased values in water content of shoots, only.In the susceptible host the growth of roots in relation to shoots is markedly reduced after infection.The percentage of water content of shoots is slightly increased in both cultivars during the first phases of infection. Then, in susceptible barley it declines, compared with the control, from the stage of full developed fructification. In the resistant barley it doesn't change more expressively. In roots of infected plants the increased hydratation is found during the whole observation period (in the resistant barley only with plants growing in liquid medium).
An in situ Freeze‐Fracture Study of Spiroplasma citri and the Corn Stunt Spiroplasma
Authors: Schmitt U. , Petzold H. , Marwitz R. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Spiroplasma citri and the corn stunt spiroplasma in sieve cells of Catharanthus roseus were investigated using freeze‐fracture electron microscopy. Only the particle studded fracture faces of the plasmalemma could be exposed and not the surfaces of both the extraplasmatic and the plasmatic leaflet. The extraplasmatic fracture face (EF) shows a lower particle density than the plasmatic fracture face (PF). On the PF particle free areas could be observed, which are helically arranged in helical filaments. We suppose that the cytoplasmic fibrils, probably involved in motility processes and in maintaining the helical shape, underly the particle free area only.
Multiplication of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola “in planta”
Authors: Rudolph K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMultiplication ofPseudomonas phaseolicolawas determined in 17 different bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris) and 9 other plant species, and the effect of different inoculation methods and conditions was also studied.In susceptible leaves, a generation time of 2.1 h was determined in the early phase (2 days after inoculation). Different multiplication rates in susceptible and resistant leaves were clearly observed 4 days after inoculation. At this time the first small water‐soaked spots were visible in the susceptible cultivars. Bacteria multiplied up to the 7th day after inoculation with a maximum of 109cells per cm2leaf (equal to ca. 4 × 1010bacterial cells/cm3). At the same time, the water‐soaked spots had reached their maximum size in most cases. Thus, bacterial multiplication and development of water‐soaked spots paralleled each other.In resistant leaves, no water‐soaked spots appeared, and the final bacterial concentration was 1/1000–1/100 of that in susceptible leaves. Gomparison of races 1 and 2 in several bean cultivars indicated the non‐existence of a gene‐for‐gene relationship with this disease. Old leaves were less susceptible to infection. Some bacterial multiplication was also observed in non‐host plants. There was a general correlation between bacterial multiplication in the non‐host plants and their botanical relation toPhaseolus vulgaris.
Bacterial Canker of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium) in Poland
Authors: ŁYskanowska M. K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn Polish climatic conditions cherry cankers resulting from infection byPseudomonas morsprunorumcontinue development in summer, but the rate may be slower than in the period from April to June.However, from the well established, active canker developing under the dwarf shoot of the susceptible variety‘Hedelfińska’in July noP. morsprunorumwere isolated. On the other hand, numerous strains of the genusErwiniawere found there which caused a hyper sensitivity reaction (HR) on tobacco leaves. From the cracks on the current‐year cherry shoots, due to fresh infection and from symptomless leavesP. morsprunorumstrains were isolated, always accompanied by those of theErwiniagenus in the approximate proportion 1: 1 or 1:2.The strains ofErwiniagenus seemed similar to the DC and YC strains isolated by BILLING and BAKER from pear and apple trees infected by fireblight and also to the strains in group III of the bacteria isolated by CROSSE from cherry leaves.In two tests (immediately after isolation and after 4 months of storage) the strains of theErwiniagenus and 3 nonidentified isolates induced HR. At a third test, after 10 months of preservation these strains were HR‐negative in contrast to theP. morsprunorumisolates.The fact that strains of theErwiniagenus inducing HR were isolated in large numbers from active cherry canker where pathogenic bacteria were not detected, may indicate that they play some role in the development of cherry tree canker.
Bacterial Rot of Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Don. Caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi
Authors: Leyns F. , Verdonck L. , de Cleene M. , Swings J. , de Ley J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFive bacterial isolates were obtained in a nursery near Gent (Belgium) from diseased Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G., Don. cv. Compacta, cv. Camillo and cv. Veerle plants. They were identified by API 20E, API 50 CHE and API ZYM systems as Erwinia chrysanthemi. These strains and seven collection strains were pathogenic to all three D. maculata cultivars tested: cv. Camillo, cv. Compacta and cv. Tropic Snow. Inoculation in the stem or petiole was the only effective method for obtaining systemic infection. The petiole appeared to be the part of the plant in which disease developed most readily. Wounding was required for the induction of the disease. Temperatures between 25° and 30° C, a relative air humidity of 75 % or more and low light intensity (0.5 ft‐c) favoured the disease, whereas high inoculum sizes (106 or more cells) accelerated and increased it. Histological studies showed tissue degradation in infected areas. Petioles were most severely affected. Transport of bacteria seemed to occur after vessel infection in stem or petiole tissues.
A Strain of Guinea Grass Mosaic Virus from Pearl Millet in the Ivory Coast
Authors: Kukla B. , Thouvenel J.‐C. , Fauquet C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA virus disease of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) in the Ivory Coast has symptoms consisting of a light‐green mosaic of variable severity, followed. by dwarfing. The causal virus is mechanically transmissible and aphid‐borne, but not seed‐borne. It was purified, has flexuous filamentous particles about 820 nm long, and is a member of the potyvirus group. Its host range, and biological, physico‐chemical and serological properties indicate that it is a strain of guinea grass mosaic virus.
Endogene Hyphen bei Botrytis cinerea Pers.
Authors: Urbasch Irene 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Endohyphae in Botrytis cinerea Pers. Genesis, following differentiation and significance for pathogenesis The formation of endohyphae (secondary hyphae) in different cell types of Botrytis cinerea Pers. (6 isolates) is described. The following differentiation possibilities of these endohyphae within and—after egress—outside their cells of origin are presented. The influence of external factors (substrate, temperature, humidity, O2‐concentration) on these processes is considered. The significance of the endohyphae for pathogenesis is mainly due to their direct infectivity as well as the ability to develop normal mycelium.
Spezifität beim „Attachment” von Agrobacterium an Wundrandzellen von Kalanchoe?
Authors: Bauer G. , Beiderbeck R. 
Published: May 2008

ZusammenfassungTumorinduktion durch A. tumefaciens an Blärtern von Kalanchoe wird stark gehemmt durch Zellwandpräparationen aus jungen und reifen Geweben von monocotylen und dicotylen Pflanzen. und aus Tumorzcllen und auch durch Filterpapier‐Homogenate und lebende und tote Pseudomonas‐Zellen. Die Hemmung wird nachweisbar, wenn die Zellwandpräa‐rationen oder die Pseudomonas‐Zellen zugleich mit A. tumefaciens oder vor dem A. tumefaciens in pflanzliche Wunden inokuliert werden. Postinokulation bceintflußt die Tumorbildung nicht.Diese Ergebnisse bestätigen zwar das „Attachment” als einen wichtigen Schitt bei der Tumorinduktion, stellen aber die Spezifität des Vorgangs in Frage.
Botrytis cinerea: Activité Antifongique dans les Jeunes Grappes de Vitis vinifera, Varieté Gamay
Authors: Pezet R. , Pont V. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Botrytis cinerea: fungicidal activity in young grape berries of Vitis vinifera (Gamay) Extracts of young grape berries of Vitis vinifera (Gamay) inhibit the germination of conidia of Botrytis cinerea. This inhibitory activity is present in extracts obtained from clusters at bloom stage and is maintained until a developmental stage close to the maturity. These extracts ruptured the cellular membranes.
The Effects of Co‐Infection by Sunn‐Hemp Mosaic Virus (SHMV) and Fusarium oxysporum on the Growth of French Bean
Authors: Gbaja I. S. , Chant S. R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn the seedlings of three cultivars of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), ‘Prince,’‘Masterpiece’ and ‘Pinto’, co‐infection by Sunn‐hemp mosaic virus (SHMV) with either of the vascular wilt pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoh (Fop) or f. sp. tracbeiphilum (Fot) caused greater losses in total fresh weight and in leaf area compared with uninfected plants or plants infected singly with any one of these pathogens. Co‐infection of a fourth cultivar (‘Canadian Wonder’) had no greater effects on growth reduction than single infection. The concentration of SHMV in the leaves of ‘Prince’ and to a greater extent in the leaves of ‘Masterpiece’ increased more after double infection than with infection by the virus alone. The nature and possible mechanisms of the pathogenic effects in French bean are discussed.
Phytopathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, as a Necrotrophic Mycoparasite
Authors: Vajna L. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, f. sp. lycopersici, f. sp. cepae, f. sp. niveum and one unidentified F. oxysporum isolate proved to be active necrotrophic mycoparasites. In dual cultures hyphae of Trichoderma hamatum, T. longibrachiatum, T. pseudokoningii, T. harzianum, Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani were parasitized and destroyed by F. oxysporum. One isolate of Phytophthora sp. was not affected. Mutual parasitism between F. oxysporum and T. pseudokoningii and T. longibrachiatum has been observed, too. Details of parasitic hyphal interactions: hyphal coiling, penetration sites, resistance sheat formation, hyphal invasion and internal growing are described. The mycoparasitic feature as well as antimicrobial metabolic production of F. oxysporum is probably a common phenomenon to ensure this important plant pathogenic species to compete successfully against other soil‐borne fungal pathogens and saprophytes.
Leakage from Seedling Roots, Inoculated with Phytophthora cinnamomi
Authors: Cahill D. , Weste Gretna , Grant B. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA sequential study of electrolyte leakage from roots inoculated with Phytophthora cinnamomi demonstrated changes in leakage in response to infection. These changes may be characterised in terms of susceptibility and resistance. Field resistant species showed two types of response (i) rapid leakage 2—4 h after inoculation, such as in Eucalyptus calophylla, E. maculata and Gahnia radula, (ii) no significant increase in leakage with infection, for example in cereals and in juncus bufonius. Susceptible species, such as Xanthorrhoea australis, E. sieberi and E. marginata showed slow but continually increasing leakage after inoculation, and usually lost significantly more electrolyte than field resistant species.Both electrolyte leakage and susceptibility of two Eucalyptus species varied with root temperature. Roots of both the susceptible and field resistant Eucalyptus species grown at 14°C showed similar leakage patterns to those grown at 24°C although no lesions formed at 14°C. Both amount of leakage and lesion length increased at 28°C. E. marginata (susceptible) lost significantly greater quantities of electrolyte than E. calophylla at each temperature tested. Leakage from artificially wounded roots did not vary with either temperature or with host susceptibility.No significant changes in conductivity were recorded with saprophytic colonization of roots, or with incubation in either low molecular weight culture filtrate or β‐glucan solutions. Vacuum infiltration with the culture filtrate or the β‐glucan slightly increased initial electrolyte loss in comparison with that of the controls.The increased leakage from infected roots may be toxin mediated or due to enzymie degradation of host plasma membranes, and occurred within the region of the limited lesion in the case of field resistant species, compared with the larger zone of extending necrosis characteristic of susceptible species.
Screening for Spontaneous Virulent Mutants of Erysiphe graminis D.C. f.sp. hordei on Barley lines with Resistance Genes Ml‐a1, Ml‐a6, Ml‐a12 and Ml‐g
Authors: Torp J. , Jensen H. P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstactSeedlings of 4 barley lines with powdery mildew resistance genes Ml‐a1, Ml‐a6 Ml‐a12 and Ml‐g were inoculated with powdery mildew culture CR3 which is avirulent to the 4 host lines. The inoculation density was 1.2 infectious conidia per mm2, and in total 50 million conidia were screened for the occurrence of virulent mutans. During 30 cycles of screening, 43 putative virulent mutants were selected, multiplied and tested. They could be grouped in 5 different genotypes according to virulence spectrum. Based on the virulence spectre, mating type, biochemical tests and analyses of test crosses, 3 of the types were rejected as being of mutational origin, and the verification of the remaining 2 were not consistent with the expectations deduced from a gene‐for‐gene interaction. Provided that none of the genotypes found were of mutational origin, the spontaneous mutation frequency from avirulence to virulence in barley powdery mildew is therefore below 2 × 10–8.A reconstructation experiment showed that the density of avirulent inoculum did not reduce the survival rate of rate virulent genotypes
Association of Peronospora parasitica with Albugo candida on Brassica juncea Leaves
Authors: Bains S. S. , Jhooty J. S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAssociated infections between Peronospora parasitica and Albugo candida were observed on Brassica juncea leaves. A. Candida appeared first and was followed by P. parasitica. A. candida predisposes the host tissues towards susceptibility to P. parasitica.
Studies on two Serologically Distinct Raspberry Ringspot Virus Strains from Artichoke
Authors: Rana G. L. , Castrovilli S. , Gallitelli D. , Kyriakopoulou P. E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTwo raspberry ringspot virus variants, RRV‐T and RRV‐G, found in artichoke of Turkish and Greek origin, were compared biologically (indexing), biochemically and serologically to two strains of the same virus, RRV‐S and RRV‐E originating from Scotland and England, respectively. Molecular weight values of protein and nucleic acid of RRV‐T and RRV‐G were in good agreement with those already known for RRV. RRV‐T and RRV‐G appeared serologically very similar to each other (serological differentiation index = 1) and well distinguishable from RRV‐S and RRV‐E (serological differentiation indices varying between 3 and 6). Phaseolus vulgaris cv. La Victoire, Ocimum basilicum cv. Foglia di Lattuga, Cucumis sativus cv. Delicatezza, and Cucurbita pepo cv. Zucchetta striata d'ltalia seemed herbaceous hosts useful for differentiating each strain from the others on symptomatological basis.
The Effect of the Date of Rindite Treatment on the Concentration of Potato Virus Y in Tubers
Authors: EHLERS U. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe concentration of potato virus Y (PVY) in tubers after artificial break of dormancy by Rindite treatment at three different dates (September 8, November 10, and January 11) after harvest (August 25, 1983) was examined by enzyme‐linked immuno‐sorbent assay (ELISA). The increase of virus concentration was more rapid after the early Rindite treatment than after the later ones. The virus concentration observed after the second and the third treatment varied among the cultivars and reached maximum values considerably later than after the first treatment. There seems to be a direct effect of the Rindite treatment on PVY multiplication in tubers.
Phenolic Compounds in Stems of Sunflower Plants Inoculated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and their Inhibitory Effects on the Fungus
Authors: Bazzalo M. E. , Heber E. M. , Del Pero Martinez M. A. , Caso O. H. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSunflower plants at I (vegetative), II (closed flower‐buds) and III (open flower‐buds) growth stages were experimentally inoculated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. At the 5th day after inoculation, all plants from I, III and 70 % of II (IIT) did not present wilt symptoms while 30 % of age II plants (IIs) presented severe wilt symptoms in all their leaves and had collapsed. Total soluble phenols were measured in the “lesion” (L) and its “healthy” (H) surrounding zones of all inoculated and control plants. A significant increase in phenols was found in the L and H zones of tolerant plants (I, IIt and III). The corresponding methanolic extracts showed a strong inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth (MG) of the fungus. On the other hand no statistically significant increase took place in the L zones from susceptible plants; their methanolic extracts did not inhibit MG. The chemical analysis of methanolic extracts showed that the isochlorogenic acid was the more inhibitory compound. It significantly accumulated in the L of tolerant plants but did not in those of susceptible ones.
Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen von Pythium spp. im Boden
Authors: Böttcher Ingeborg , Behr L. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Investigations on the occurrence of Pythium spp. in soil: I. The isolation of Pythium spp., their distinction to macroscopically characteristics and their determination The aim of the present paper consisted in detection of Pythium spp. directly in the soil. This was possible by using a selective medium and by crumbling smallest particles of agar‐covered soil on its surface. On the basis of simple morphologically criteria (growth patterns) this method allows to decide concerning the presence of high and less pathogen or apathogen Pythium spp. in a soil sample within 48 hours. About 700 isolates have been cultivated from hyphal tips, determinated and about 230 tested for pathogenicity to sugar beet seedlings in vitro. Most of the Pythia pathogen to sugar beet belong to P. ultimum Trow followed by P. paroecandrum Drechsler and P. debaryanum sensu Drechsler non Hesse. The taxonomically characteristics are demonstrated by figures of the three species.
An Electron Microscope Study of Tubules in Homogenates of Chenopodium quinoa Infected with Strawberry Latent Ringspot Virus
Authors: Hicks R. G. T. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTubular structures found in tissue homogenates of Chenopodium quinoa, infected with a parsnip isolate of SLRV, were described. Virus‐like particles within the tubules had been differentially penetrated by “negative” stain. The presence within some tubules of particles fully penetrated by stain was apparently a new observation for SLRV.