bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
D2‐40 Immunohistochemical Assessment of Lymphangiogenesis in Normal and Edematous Sinus Mucosa and Nasal Polyp
Authors: Kim Tae Hoon , Lee Sang Hag , Lee Heung Man , Lee Seung Hoon , Jung Hak Hyun , Cho Woo Sung , Cinn Young Gi , Choe Hwan , Kim Moo Pil , Yoo Ik One , Hwang Ho Yeon 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjective: The lymphatic system plays an important role in the maintenance of tissue fluid homeostasis, which facilitates interstitial protein transport. Until recently, the lymphatic system of the sinonasal mucosa has been relatively poorly studied. The authors aimed to investigate the distributional and quantitative changes of the lymphatic vessels in inflammatory sinus mucosa and nasal polyps in comparison with healthy sinus mucosa using D2‐40 antibody.Methods: Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting with D2‐40 antibody were applied to normal and edematous ethmoid sinus mucosa and nasal polyps. The number, size, and length densities of lymphatic vessels were evaluated using tissue sections and whole mount preparations.Results: Most lymphatic vessels in normal and edematous ethmoid sinus mucosa were distributed in the subepithelial layer. Some of these vessels were dilated, whereas others were compressed and had a slit‐like lumen. No D2‐40 positive vessels were found in samples of nasal polyps. Lymphatic vessels showed no statistically significant difference in their number, size, or length density between normal and edematous ethmoid sinus mucosa. Western blot also showed no differences in their expression levels.Conclusion: These findings indicate that lymphangiogenesis does not occur in edematous ethmoid sinus mucosa, which may not reuptake interstitial fluid efficiently in inflammatory conditions, resulting in the formation of mucosal edema in chronic inflammation.
Fibrinogen and elastin bind to the same region within the A domain of fibronectin binding protein A, an MSCRAMM of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Keane Fiona M. , Loughman Anthony , Valtulina Viviana , Brennan Marian , Speziale Pietro , Foster Timothy J. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryThe fibronectin binding protein, FnBPA, is a multifunctional microbial surface component recognizing adhesive matrix molecule (MSCRAMM) that promotes bacterial adherence to immobilized fibrinogen and elastin via the N‐terminal A domain. The binding site for fibrinogen and elastin was localized to subdomains N2N3. A three‐dimensional structural model of FnBPA was created based on the known crystal structure of the domains N2N3 of clumping factor A (ClfA). The role of individual residues in the putative ligand binding trench was examined by testing the affinity of mutants for fibrinogen and elastin. Two residues (N304 and F306) were crucial for binding both ligands and are in the equivalent positions to residues known to be important for fibrinogen binding by ClfA. A peptide comprising the C‐terminus of the γ‐chain of fibrinogen and a monoclonal anti‐rAFnBPA antibody were potent inhibitors of the FnBPA–elastin interaction. This suggests that FnBPA binds to fibrinogen and elastin in a similar manner. Amino acid sequence divergence of 26.5% occurred between the A domains of FnBPA from strains 8325–4 and P1. Most variant residues were predicted to be located on the surface of domains N2N3 while few occurred in the putative ligand binding trench and the latching peptide explaining limited immunocross reactivity while ligand binding activity is conserved.
A novel F‐box protein involved in sexual development and pathogenesis in Gibberella zeae
Authors: Han You‐Kyoung , Kim Myoung‐Dong , Lee Seung‐Ho , Yun Sung‐Hwan , Lee Yin‐Won 
Published: January 2007

Summary Gibberella zeae is an ascomyceteous fungus that causes serious diseases in cereal crops. Severe epidemics require strains that are virulent and that can reproduce sexually. We characterized an insertional mutant (designated ZH436) with a pleiotropic defect in both traits, and identified a novel F‐box protein gene encoding FBP1 (F‐box protein 1) that is similar to fungal F‐box proteins including Saccharomyces cerevisiae Grr1, a well‐characterized component of the Skp1‐Cullin‐F‐box protein (SCFGrr1) E3 ligase complex required for protein degradation. FBP1 also can bind both S. cerevisiae Skp1 protein, the other component of the SCFGrr1 complex, and its G. zeae sequence homologue SKP1. Two putative protein interacting domains in FBP1 are essential for in vivo function. FBP1 and ScGRR1 are not so interchangeable between S. cerevisiae and G. zeae, but FBP1 can partially complement several defects of a yeast grr1 deletion mutant. Functional analyses confirmed that FBP1 is required for several phenotypes including both sexual development and virulence in G. zeae; the phenotype of ΔFBP1 strains is different from those of null mutants for F‐box proteins in other filamentous fungi as well as from S. cerevisiae grr1Δ strains. Thus, FBP1 is a versatile F‐box protein that presumably participates in the formation of the SCFFBP1 complex that probably controls the ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of proteins involved in sexual reproduction and virulence important for disease development by G. zeae.
Allochthons, Colonizers, and Scroungers: Exclusionary Populism in Belgium
Authors: Ceuppens Bambi 
Published: January 2007

Abstract:This article analyzes the growth of autochthony in Belgium as an example of the increasing popularity of autochthony discourses in Western Europe. Autochthony discourses, which try to reserve the benefits of the welfare state to those who are said to really belong, tend to thrive in prosperous Western European welfare states with a strong Social-Democratic tradition that refuse to accept that they have become immigrant countries. In federalized Belgium, however, autochthony has a much stronger appeal in Flanders, which historically was dominated by Christian-Democratic parties, than in Wallonia, which remains a Social-Democratic bulwark. Analyzing Western European autochthony in terms of welfare chauvinism helps explain the ways in which prosperous Flemings, unlike impoverished Walloons, can afford to buy into the neoliberal rhetoric of choice and thus create themselves as autochthons.
Des services intégrés pour les personnes âgées fragiles (SIPA): expérimentation d'un modèle pour le Canada
Authors: Béland François , Bergman Howard , Lebel Paule , Dallaire Luc , Fletcher John , Contandriopoulos André-Pierre , Tousignant Pierre 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTThe complex formed by chronic illness, episodes of acute illness, physiological disabilities, functional limitations, and cognitive problems is prevalent among frail elderly persons. These individuals rely on assistance from social and health care programs, which in Canada are still fragmented. SIPA (Services intégrés pour les personnes âgées fragiles) is an integrated service model based on community services, a multidisciplinary team, case management that retains clinical responsibility for all the health and social services required, and the capacity to mobilize resources as required and according to the care protocol. The SIPA demonstration project used an experimental design, with random allocation of the 1,230 participants from two areas of Montreal to an experimental and a control group. The costs of institutional services were $4,270 less for those in the SIPA group compared to the control group; the costs of community care were $3,394 more. The proportion of persons waiting in acute care hospitals for nursing home placement was twice as high in the control group as in the SIPA group. The costs of acute hospitalizations for persons in the SIPA group with ADL disabilities were at least $4,000 lower than those for persons in the control group. In conclusion, the SIPA trial showed that it is possible to undertake ambitious and rigorous demonstration projects in Canada. These results were obtained without an increase in the overall costs of health and social services, without reducing the quality of care, and without increasing the burden on elderly persons and their relatives.
Health Service Utilization among Older Adults in British Columbia: Making Sense of Geography
Authors: Allan Diane , Cloutier-Fisher Denise 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTThe utilization of health services by older adults has received increased attention over the past decade, but little is known about how service utilization varies between rural and urban areas. In an era of restructuring and downsizing within the Canadian health care system, there are concerns that rural older adults may be increasingly disadvantaged when it comes to accessing health care. This article examines the utilization of a range of health services by older adults living in urban and rural communities in British Columbia. A major strength of this article is its concurrent focus on a continuum of geographic communities and a broad range of services needed and used by older populations. The research utilizes provincial administrative health data from 48,407 older residents of British Columbia who used services in 1998–1999. Multivariate analyses of co-variance reveal some unique service utilization patterns by geographical area and population.
Pharmacist or Physician: Age Differences in Satisfaction with Medical Advice
Authors: Gould Odette N. , Wasylkiw Louise , Rogers Erin E. , MacPherson Miranda 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTTwo studies examined predictors of medical care satisfaction in communities in Eastern Canada. Both studies focused on how the roles of pharmacists and physicians are perceived by adults of different ages. Using a survey methodology, Study 1 demonstrated that middle-aged adults, older adults, and community pharmacists differ in the extent to which they rate pharmacists as being important members of the health care team. Specifically, community members value pharmacists as health care providers, and this is especially true for older adults. Using an experimental paradigm, Study 2 examined ratings of medical interaction scenarios, ratings that varied as a function of kind of health professional (pharmacist vs. physician) and type of advice (directive vs. non-directive). Results suggest that older adults may have a more complex set of expectations about their health care interactions than do younger adults and that, for older adults, the factors that determine satisfaction differ across the professions being evaluated.
D. Kempler. Neurocognitive Disorders in Aging. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2005.
Authors: Joubert Sven 
Published: January 2007

RÉSUMÉLe livre intitulé Neurocognitive Disorders in Aging offre, de manière accessible, une meilleure compréhension des divers troubles cognitifs qui surviennent au cours du vieillissement normal et pathologique. Il sera utile aux étudiants, aux professionnels de la santé, aux chercheurs et à tous ceux qui désirent se renseigner sur certains des thèmes spécifiques abordés.
Making it in America: High school completion by immigrant and native youth
Authors: Perreira Krista M. , Harris Kathleen Mullan , Lee Dohoon 
Published: January 2007

AbstractUsing data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we find that first-generation youth of Hispanic, Asian, and African heritage obtain more education than their parents, but the second generation and third or higher generations lose ground. Differences in dropout rates by race-ethnicity and immigrant generation are driven by differences in human, cultural, and social capital. Low levels of family human capital, school social capital, and community social capital place the children of immigrants at risk of dropping out. However, cultural capital and immigrant optimism buffer first-generation Hispanic youth and the children of Asian immigrants from the risk of dropping out of high school. While human and social capital resources improve with immigrant generation, cultural capital diminishes.
The influence of parents’ marital quality on adult children’s attitudes toward marriage and its alternatives: Main and moderating effects
Authors: Cunningham Mick , Thornton Arland 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Drawing on a panel study of parents and children, we investigate linkages between parents’ marital quality and adult children’s attitudes toward a range of family issues, including premarital sex, cohabitation, lifelong singlehood, and divorce. We hypothesize that parents’ marital quality will be negatively related to children’s support for these behaviors in adulthood and that parents’ marital quality will condition the intergenerational transmission of attitudes toward these issues. We find some evidence that parents’ marital quality influences children’s support for divorce and premarital sex. More important, our analyses show that parents’ marital quality facilitates the intergenerational transmission of attitudes. Parents’ attitudes toward premarital sex, cohabitation, and being single are more strongly linked to those same attitudes among their young adult children when parents’ marital quality is high than when it is low.
Reproducing inequalities: Luck, wallets, and the enduring effects of childhood health
Authors: Palloni Alberto 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this article, I argue that research on social stratification, on intergenerational transmission of inequalities, and on the theory of factor payments and wage determination will be strengthened by studying the role played by early childhood health. I show that the inclusion of such a factor requires researchers to integrate theories in each of these fields with new theories linking early childhood health conditions and events that occur at later stages in the life course of individuals, particularly physical and mental health as well as disability and mortality. The empirical evidence I gather shows that early childhood health matters for the achievement of, or social accession to, adult social class positions. Even if the magnitude of associations is not overwhelming, it is not weaker than that found between adult social accession and other, more conventional and better-studied individual characteristics, such as educational attainment. It is very likely that the evidence presented in this article grossly underplays the importance of early childhood health for adult socioeconomic achievement.
The Works of A.E. Afigbo on Nigeria: an Historiographical Essay
Authors: Falola Toyin , Heaton Matthew 
Published: January 2007

Nigeria in the post-independence years has seen its share of hardship. Politically dominated by military dictatorships, economically dominated by the ravages of underdevelopment, and culturally dominated by internal ethnic tensions and external stereotyping, Nigeria certainly seems to have suffered from an overabundance of problems and a dearth of solutions in the last forty plus years. This period, full of scholarly debate on these issues, also closely parallels the academic career of A.E. Afigbo. Afigbo, who graduated with a Ph.D. in History from the University of Ibadan in 1964, was the first History doctorate produced on Nigerian soil. He is both a product and a victim of the Nigerian nation, and his scholarly writings deeply reflect these contradictions. From that point in 1964—the era of hope and anguish—to the present day—the era of anguish without hope—he has been among the vanguard of scholars in Nigerian history and African studies. He wanted to write about the past, but the present pressured him severely. Starting as a “Nigerian,” he became a “Biafran” during the Nigerian Civil War (1967-70), and again a “Nigerian” thereafter. These transitions provide some kind of “political charter” to some of his writings.It has been a remarkable career. He has authored or co-authored eight books, edited four more, and published well over a hundred journal articles. Afigbo has earned numerous prizes for his scholarship, has served on the editorial board of many acclaimed scholarly journals, including the Journal of African History and History in Africa, and has been inducted into many prestigious societies, including the Nigerian Academy of Letters. Nigeria has also honored him with its highest academic award, the National Order of Merit.
How to Distil Words and Obtain Culture History
Authors: Vansina Jan 
Published: January 2007

Nearly every historian of early African history has recently encountered studies that use the history of words as a source for history more generally defined, an approach also known as words-and-things. Indeed, by now a more or less elaborate use of words-and-things has become fashionable, especially in the Anglophone literature. A number of short presentations of the overall principles underlying this approach have been published, but they all lack an extended discussion of the methodological issues involved. Perhaps this is the main reason why words-and- things analyses are almost never subjected to critical scrutiny, while the conclusions of studies based on them, however weak or strong they might be, tend to be accepted as gospel—a most unsatisfactory situation. Hence a book-length study of the methodology involved in the application of words-and-things should be very welcome.As Klein-Arendt's book is devoted exclusively to this subject, it should fill the gap. Yet it will disorient most readers of this journal because K-A is not concerned with the solution of smaller- or large-scale problems of history as understood by such readers, but focuses on the epistemology of the central European school known as Kulturgeschichte (more or less “Culture History”), to which he subscribes and which is likely to be largely unknown to most readers. Yet when the expression “words-and-things” was first coined in 1909. it was intended to be a tool to elucidate Kulturgeschichte. Indeed, the journal from which the label stems was called Wörter und Sachen. Kulturhistorische Zeitschrift für Sprach-und Sachforschung (Words and Things, a Journal of Culture History for Research in Languages and Things) and on its very first page Rudolf Meringer stated that “[linguistics is only a portion of the science of culture … We hold that the future of Kulturgeschichte resides in the union of the science of language with the science of things” in which “things” stood for what came to be better known as “culture traits.”
Judgement by Deferral : The Interlocutory Injunction in Labour Disputes Involving Picketing
Authors: de Lint Willem , Gostlow Ryan , Hall Alan 
Published: January 2007

RésuméDans cet article, nous étudions l'interdépendance institutionnelle entre les cours et la police lors de la gouvernance du piquetage. L'analyse apporte des éclaircissements sur la manière dont des droits économiques et sécuritaires sont mis en équilibre avec des droits politiques et civiles dans l'affirmation oblique du fondement d'autorité qui est sans doute plus puissante dans une situation de construction indirecte au jour le jour. Nous situons d'abord le concept de «jugement par temporisation» dans la littérature contemporaine sur la gouvernance, pour l'appliquer ensuite à une enquête sur l'évaluation par les cours de demandes d'injonction dans des cas de piquetage et la compréhension des responsabilités policières dans ces cas. Nous analysons la perception qu'a la police de son rôle dans la gouvernance du piquetage et montrons comment tant la cour que la police emploient des pratiques de temporisation pour éviter des décisions difficiles. La recherche démontre que ces pratiques relèvent d'une approche systémique de la gouvernance du piquetage qui peut toutefois s'effondrer. L'analyse s'appuie sur des décisions judiciaires et des entrevues réalisées auprès d'un échantillon de représentants de la police, de syndicats et d'employeurs.
Secessionism from the Bottom Up: Democratization, Nationalism, and Local Accountability in the Russian Transition
Authors: Giuliano Elise 
Published: January 2007

Do ethnic federations undergoing democratization promote or discourage regional secessionism? This article argues, based on evidence from the Russian Federation, that when democratization produces a transfer of political accountability from center to region, the incentives of regional leaders shift, forcing them to react to local constituencies in order to retain office. If these constituencies desire autonomy, regional leaders must respond, making separatism not merely an opportunistic strategy but a necessary one for their own political survival. Democratization, then, can transform administrative regions into electoral arenas.However, the case of Russia also demonstrates that regional demands for autonomy are not inevitable and may dissipate after they have begun. Popular support for nationalism and separatism varied significantly among Russia's sixteen ethnic republics in the late Soviet and early post-Soviet period. This variation is explained by showing that mass nationalism, contrary to conventional wisdom, is neither a latent attribute of federal regions, nor a simple function of natural resource endowments, nor something summoned into existence by the manipulations of regional leaders. Rather, it is argued that increasing competition for jobs in the Soviet Union's failing economy allowed particular issues articulated by nationalist leaders to resonate with ethnic populations. Through the framing of issues of ethnic economic inequality, nationalist leaders were able to politicize ethnicity by persuading people to view their personal life chances as dependent on the political fate of their ethnic community. Thus, secession in democratizing ethnic federations can be best understood by directing attention toward the origins of popular support for nationalism and the role that support plays in the elite contest for power within subfederal regions.
The Adaptive Response and Protection against Heritable Mutations and Fetal Malformation
Authors: Boreham D. R. , Dolling J.-A. , Somers C. , Quinn J. , Mitchel R. E. J. 
Published: January 2007

There are a number of studies that show radiation can cause heritable mutations in the offspring of irradiated organisms. These “germ-line mutations” have been shown to occur in unique sequences of DNA called “minisatellite loci”. The high frequencies of spontaneous and induced mutations at minisatellite loci allow mutation induction to be measured at low doses of exposure in a small population, making minisatellite mutation a powerful tool to investigate radiation-induced heritable mutations. However, the biological significance of these mutations is uncertain, and their relationship to health risk or population fitness is unknown. We have adopted this mutation assay to study the role of adaptive response in protecting mice against radiation-induced heritable defects. We have shown that male mice, adapted to radiation with a low dose priming exposure, do not pass on mutations to their offspring caused by a subsequent large radiation exposure to the adapted males. This presentation and paper provide a general overview of radiation-induced mutations in offspring and explain the effect of low dose exposures and the adaptive response on these mutations. It is also known that exposure of pregnant females to high doses of radiation can cause death or malformation (teratogenesis) in developing fetuses. Malformation can only occur during a specialized stage of organ formation known as organogenesis. Studies in rodents show that radiation-induced fetal death and malformation can be significantly reduced when a pregnant female is exposed to a prior low dose of ionizing radiation. The mechanism of this protective effect, through an adaptive response, depends on the stage of organogenesis when the low dose exposures are delivered. To better understand this process, we have investigated the role of an important gene known as p53. Therefore, this report will also discuss fetal effects of ionizing radiation and explain the critical stages of development when fetuses are at risk. Research will be explained that investigates the biological and genetic systems (p53) that protect the developing fetus and discuss the role of low dose radiation adaptive response in these processes.