bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of Z‐R relationships for the Baiu precipitation using the window probability matching method
Authors: Chen Jingyang , Uyeda Hiroshi , Lee Dong‐In , Kinosita Takeo 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTo obtain representative relationships between rain intensity and radar reflectivity and make an accurate estimation of the rainfall amount in the Baiu season (the most important rainy season in eastern Asia), the precipitation types (convective, stratiform and mixed types) must first be classified. This is because the mechanism and efficiency of precipitation show distinct variations according to rain regimes. An objective classification method, bright band fraction (BBF) that focuses on the vertical structure of radar reflectivity field, was improved and applied to the Baiu precipitation of 1995 in the Kanto Plain, Japan. Samples of convective rainfall were further divided into patterns using an index effective efficiency (Ee) that represents the echo top height. For those types (and patterns) that had been divided, Z‐R relations were established using a statistical method called the window probability matching method (WPMM). The shapes of the Z‐R relations show a natural matching of the probability density function of radar reflectivity with that of rain intensity recorded by rain gauge. The results show that the classification of precipitation types is reasonable, and Z‐R relations corresponding to the precipitation types are representative. Some facts which need special attention in the application of the WPMM are also revealed. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Leaf wetness within a lily canopy
Authors: Jacobs Adrie F. G. , Heusinkveld Bert G. , Klok Elisabeth J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA wetness duration experiment was carried out within a lily field situated adjacent to coastal dunes in the Netherlands. A within‐canopy model was applied to simulate leaf wetness in three layers, with equal leaf area indices, within the canopy. This simulation model is an extension of an existing model. It appeared that in most cases leaf wetness started in the uppermost layer followed by the middle and bottom layer, respectively. The same occurred during the early morning drying process. Just after sunrise the upper layer started to dry, followed by the middle and bottom layer, respectively. The longest leaf wetness duration occurred in the bottom layer. The calculated leaf wetness durations were within 10 minutes of the results obtained using a leaf wetness sensor. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Bias‐corrected short‐range ensemble forecasts of near surface variables
Authors: Stensrud David J. , Yussouf Nusrat 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA multimodel short‐range ensemble forecasting system created as part of a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration program on improved high temperature forecasting during the summer of 2003 is evaluated. Results from this short‐range ensemble system indicate that using the past complete 12 days of forecasts to bias correct today's forecast yields ensemble mean forecasts of 2‐m temperature, 2‐m dewpoint temperature, and 10‐m wind speed that are competitive with or better than those available from any of the model output statistics presently generated operationally in the United States. However, the bias‐corrected ensemble system provides more than just the ensemble mean forecast. Probabilities produced by this system are skilful and reliable, and have been found to be valuable when evaluated in a cost‐loss model. The ensemble appears to provide better guidance for more unlikely events, such as very warm temperatures, that likely have the greatest economic significance. Industries that are sensitive to the weather, such as power companies, transportation and agriculture, may benefit from the probability information provided. Thus, it is possible to develop post‐processing for short‐range ensemble forecasting systems that is competitive with or better than traditional post‐processing techniques, thereby allowing the rapid production of useful and accurate guidance forecasts of many near surface variables. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Sleep disturbances in palliative cancer patients attending a pain and symptom control clinic
Authors: SELA RAMI A. , WATANABE SHARON , NEKOLAICHUK CHERYL L. 
Published: October 2005

Objective:The nature of sleep disturbances in palliative cancer patients has not been delineated clearly or fully understood due to limited clinical information. The purpose of this study was to describe sleep disturbance patterns, treatments, and communication in an advanced cancer outpatient population attending a pain and symptom control clinic.Method:One hundred oncology outpatients who came for consultation at a multidisciplinary pain and symptom control clinic were asked and agreed to complete a self-report questionnaire that elicited information about their sleeping habits, sleep concerns, sleep enhancement strategies, and related communication with health care providers.Results:The majority of participants (72%) reported a wide variety of sleep disturbances, after cancer diagnosis, with the three most frequent elevated symptoms (≥5) being not feeling rested in the morning (72%), difficulty staying asleep (63%), and difficulty falling asleep (40%). Approximately one-fifth of participants (19%) reported having insomnia problems prior to their cancer diagnosis. In a correlational comparison with four other symptoms (i.e., fatigue, pain, anxiety, depression), the three highest correlations were between difficulty falling asleep and fatigue (r= 0.612), early awakening and fatigue (r= 0.596), and difficulty falling asleep and anxiety (r= 0.572). Fifty-three percent of participants reported using a variety of interventions for their sleep problems, the most frequent being sleep medication (37%). Of the 52 participants who reported an elevated level of concern about their sleeping difficulties (≥5), 48 (92%) discussed their concerns with a health care provider. However, of the 20 participants with elevated symptoms (≥5) and low levels of concern (<5), only 7 (35%) communicated their concerns to a health care provider.Significance of results:The results of this study underline the importance of routine clinical assessments to detect sleep problems and interventions designed specifically to improve the overall sleep quality of cancer patients.
Victims of physical abuse among patients with cancer referred to
psychiatric clinic in a cancer center hospital: A pilot study
Authors: ONISHI HIDEKI , SAIRENJI MOTONORI , YAMASHITA KOSUKE , SHIMIZU SHIRABE , ONOSE MASANARI , MIZUNO YASUHIRO , KAWANISHI CHIAKI 
Published: October 2005

Objective: Physical abuse is one of the most important public
health problems, but little is known about physical abuse of cancer
patients. The objects of this study are (1) to identify whether cancer
patients have sustained physical abuse; (2) to explore clinical
characteristics of the abused patients.Methods: We reviewed 584 cancer patients referred to our
psychiatry clinic by a cancer center hospital and investigated whether
there were victims of physical abuse among these patients. We also
investigated psychiatric characteristics of the abused patients.Results: Of these 584 patients, three patients were
recognized as victims of physical abuse at the time of referral. The
perpetrator of physical abuse was their husband (domestic violence) in all
three cases. All three patients had sustained physical abuse from their
husbands for years before being diagnosed with cancer. In addition to
physical abuse, all three patients had sustained emotional abuse (e.g.,
threat or intimidation) from their husbands. Psychiatric diagnoses of all
three patients fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) and the traumatic event was mainly physical abuse by their
husbands.Significance of results: Oncologists and psychiatrists should
pay greater attention to the psychosocial and environmental problems of
cancer patients and inquire about the presence of physical abuse in
suspected cases. Medical staff should also know that early
multidisciplinary interventions in addition to cancer treatments are
needed for victims of physical abuse among cancer patients and that these
interventions are necessary to improve compliance with treatment and
proper decision making.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in cancer treatment
Authors: KAWANISHI CHIAKI , ONISHI HIDEKI , KATO DAIJI , YAMADA TOMOKI , ONOSE MASANARI , HIRAYASU YOSHIO 
Published: October 2005

Objective: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a
life-threatening reaction to neuroleptics. Several prospective studies
have reported NMS occurrence rates ranging from 0.07% to 2.2% of patients
receiving neuroleptics. However, few occurrences of NMS have been reported
in cancer patients despite frequent complications of cancer and its
treatment by mental disorders managed with neuroleptic drugs. Exhaustion,
dehydration, and malnutrition are considered risk factors for NMS, and
cancer patients represent a high risk group for NMS.Methods: We describe a patient with metastatic chondrosarcoma
who had received frequent neuroleptic injections prior to brain surgery
and developed NMS in the intensive care unit immediately after surgery.
The patient showed delirium, hyperpyrexia, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and
extrapyramidal symptoms. After a diagnosis of NMS was made, supportive
care and careful monitoring were carried out, and the patient recovered
over an interval of 11 days.Results and significance of the research: Clinical NMS
studies have been conducted mainly in psychiatric units, but NMS can occur
wherever psychotropic drugs are administered. NMS can be difficult to
diagnose due to multiple complicating factors in cancer treatment, but the
diagnosis is highly important given the risk of death. Recognition of
prodromal NMS symptoms can facilitate actions to decrease morbidity and
mortality. It is suggested that special attention to cancer patients
undergoing psychopharmacologic treatment is required in clinical oncologic
practice.
Constructivism and the Problem of Explanation: A Review
Article
Authors: Dessler David , Owen John 
Published: October 2005

Mlada Bukovansky, Legitimacy and Power Politics: The
American and French Revolutions in International Political Culture
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002).Neta Crawford, Argument and Change in World Politics:
Ethics, Decolonization, and Humanitarian Intervention (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2002).Martha Finnemore, The Purpose of Intervention: Changing
Beliefs about the Use of Force (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press,
2003).Ted Hopf, Social Construction of International Politics:
Identities and Foreign Policies; Moscow, 1955 and 1999 (Ithaca, NY:
Cornell University Press, 2002).The four books under review here offer insightful and penetrating
analyses of the role of such factors as legitimacy, ideas, norms, culture,
and identities in world politics. Martha Finnemore's The Purpose
of Intervention demonstrates that great powers intervene in small
states for reasons significantly different from those in the past. Neta
Crawford's Argument and Change in World Politics chronicles
arguments for and against Western imperialism over the past five centuries
and contends that those arguments helped bring about the birth, long life,
and death of Western formal empires. Mlada Bukovansky's
Legitimacy and Power Politics examines the social, economic, and
political forces at work in the American and French revolutions; she
asserts that those events wrought changes in prevailing notions of what
makes a state legitimate. Ted Hopf's Social Construction of
International Politics analyzes discourses in Moscow in 1955 and 1999
and maintains that these discourses are an important cause of Soviet or
Russian foreign policy attitudes in the two periods.
Uncivil Society: The Perils of Pluralism and the Making of Modern
Liberalism
Authors: Hunt Louis 
Published: October 2005

Uncivil Society: The Perils of Pluralism and the Making of Modern
Liberalism. By Richard Boyd. Lanham, MA: Rowman and Littlefield,
2004. 351p. $75.00 cloth, $25.00 paper.In his book, Richard Boyd offers a thoughtful reappraisal of the
relation between the idea of civil society and the tradition of liberal
political thought. He questions the view held by many contemporary
political theorists that the development of civil society, understood as
the realm of what Tocqueville called “voluntary associations”
mediating between the individual and the state, is a necessary condition
for the maintenance of liberal democracy. Against this position, Boyd
argues that an earlier tradition of liberal thought was justifiably
suspicious of the potential for subpolitical social
groups—especially, but not limited to, intolerant religious
sects—to undermine rather than support liberal institutions. In a
series of well-argued chapters, he traces the trajectory of the connected
ideas of civil society and social pluralism from initial suspicion to
perhaps uncritical acceptance.
Challenging Diversity: Rethinking Equality and the Value of
Difference
Authors: Lakoff Sanford 
Published: October 2005

Challenging Diversity: Rethinking Equality and the Value of
Difference. By Davina Cooper. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2004. 246p. $75.00 cloth, $29.99 paper.In the Encyclopedia (1751–65), the Chevalier de
Jaucourt observed that while “natural equality” is the moral
foundation of liberty, “absolute equality” in society is a
“chimera” of fanatic minds. In the social state, he explained,
distinctions and subordinations are necessary, including those attached to
“differences of condition.” Later, as the old order yielded to
democracy, Tocqueville discerned an inexorable tendency toward the
leveling of those very differences. Would it end, he wondered, in a new
Caesaristic despotism in which an atomized populace, deprived of the
protection of intermediate powers, is enslaved by an all-powerful ruler?
In modern societies considered free, the march toward equality of
conditions has stopped well short of this dead end. But how does the
modern conception of equality square with ways of living that challenge
prevailing social norms? That is the subject of this inquiry, which,
somewhat ironically, aims to restate from a leftist perspective the case
put by the Chevalier de Jaucourt for accepting some such differences.
Talking Democracy: Historical Perspectives on Rhetoric and
Democracy
Authors: Stauffer Devin 
Published: October 2005

Talking Democracy: Historical Perspectives on Rhetoric and
Democracy. Edited by Benedetto Fontana, Cary J. Nederman, and Gary
Remer. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004.
337p. $55.00.This edited volume of eleven chapters draws from sources as diverse as
Thucydides, Plato, Cicero, St. Augustine, John of Salisbury, Christine de
Pizan, and John Stuart Mill. On the one hand, the volume is intended as a
selective but wide-ranging study of the history of the theory and practice
of rhetoric. As the editors Benedetto Fontana, Cary J. Nederman, and Gary
Remer stress in the Introduction, the essays are “committed to a
historical analysis of their subject matter” (p. 20). But the volume
is much more than an exercise in historical analysis or an intellectual
history of theoretical reflections on rhetoric. The essays are drawn
together into a genuine whole by an argument that runs throughout the
book.
Identity in Democracy
Authors: Kruks Sonia 
Published: October 2005

Identity in Democracy. By Amy Gutmann. Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 2003. 264p. $35.00 cloth, $ 17.95 paper.What ought to be the role of identity groups in the politics of a just
democratic society? In her book, Amy Gutmann sets out to explore this
question. She does not offer a definitive answer to it; however, she does
offer evaluative criteria by which we may decide, on a case-by-case basis,
whether or not the political interventions of organized identity groups
are beneficial to a democratic society such as she presumes the United
States to be. When, Gutmann asks (p. 5), may the politics of organized
identity groups contribute to a society structured on what she identifies
as the three basic principles of democratic justice: civic equality (equal
standing as a citizen), liberty, and opportunity? Conversely, when are
they inimical to such principles?
Private Selves, Public Identities: Reconsidering Identity Politics
and The Politics of Identity: Liberal Political Theory and the
Dilemmas of Difference
Authors: Jamieson Beth Kiyoko 
Published: October 2005

Private Selves, Public Identities: Reconsidering Identity
Politics. By Susan J. Hekman. University Park: The Pennsylvania State
University Press, 2004. 159p. $35.00 cloth, $24.00 paper.The Politics of Identity: Liberal Political Theory and the
Dilemmas of Difference. By Michael Kenny. Cambridge: Polity Press,
2004. 212p. $59.95 cloth, $27.95 paper.The debate about multiculturalism takes many forms, and can focus on
cultural domination, legal recognition of difference, and particular
policy construction. But in these two volumes it pertains to liberal
political theory and identity politics. Both are concerned with the
challenges evident in the inability of some conceptions of liberalism to
respond to the claims of the political relevance of categories of
identity. Both are well grounded in current literature exploring the
limitations and possibilities of liberalism. Both focus more on the
political theory than on the political reality. But in the end, they
champion different sides—Susan J. Hekman reconceptualizes and
rehabilitates identity politics, and Michael Kenny reframes and
reinvigorates liberalism. Although their conclusions are not incompatible,
they are aimed at different audiences. Were the authors sharing a stage,
they might largely talk past each other.
The Liberty of Strangers: Making the American Nation
Authors: Burke John Francis 
Published: October 2005

The Liberty of Strangers: Making the American Nation. By
Desmond King. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. 229p. $29.95.A half century ago, Louis Hartz articulated how extensively U.S.
political culture was steeped in Lockian individualism, a contention
subsequently echoed, in a more critical vein, by the seminal studies of
Robert Bellah and Robert Putnam. However, in terms of nation building,
Desmond King challenges the conventional wisdom that discrimination
against individuals due to some group identity has been overcome so as to
realize a nation that first and foremost celebrates “a formal
equality of individual rights” (pp. 6–7). Instead, he contends
that “group-based distinctions” (p. 7) have always
characterized U.S. nationalism and will continue to do so despite
political and theoretical rhetoric to the contrary.
The People Themselves: Popular Constitutionalism and Judicial
Review
Authors: Thomas George 
Published: October 2005

The People Themselves: Popular Constitutionalism and Judicial
Review. By Larry D. Kramer. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
363p. $29.95.The provocative premise of this book is that “the people
themselves,” in James Madison's phrase, are the enforcers of
constitutional boundaries and limits. In Larry Kramer's able hands,
popular sovereignty is not an abstraction, where the people quickly fade
from view and the Constitution they ratified is given life by courts and
lawyers. On the contrary, Kramer seeks to document how the people
themselves are not just active participants in the constitutional
enterprise but the fundamental bearers of constitutionalism.
Just Marriage
Authors: Gordon Linda 
Published: October 2005

Just Marriage. By Mary Lyndon Shanley, with Commentators. New
York: Oxford University Press, 2004. 116p. $45.00 cloth, $12.95 paper.Should marriage as we know it be abolished? This is one proposed
solution to the injustices of marriage today: unjust to those excluded
from access to it, to those who might like it but cannot find a partner,
and to those who choose other forms of relationships or even consider
marriage oppressive. Or does marriage remain an institution so bound up
with social needs, such as child raising and care for dependents, that the
state cannot abdicate regulatory authority over it? Mary Lyndon Shanley
argues the latter position.
Politics and Passion: Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism
Authors: Brubaker Stanley C. 
Published: October 2005

Politics and Passion: Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism.
By Michael Walzer. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004. 208p.
$25.00.With characteristic elegance, clarity, and nuance, Michael Walzer here
refines and extends the thesis he first ventured 15 years ago that the
fragmentary effects of liberalism require periodic communitarian
correction. Nearly all of the chapters are revised from previous articles
or book chapters composed in the years intervening, and so their relation
is more thematic than structural. But their collective force is
considerable.
Governing NOW: Grassroots Activism in the National Organization for
Women
Authors: Casamayou Maureen Hogan 
Published: October 2005

Governing NOW: Grassroots Activism in the National Organization
for Women. By Maryann Barakso. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press,
2004. 192p. $49.95 cloth, $18.95 paper.This is a case study of the National Organization for Women that
explains how NOW's governance structure shaped the
organization's strategy from 1966 to 2003. “Strategy” is
defined as NOW's “goals and tactics it uses to pursue
them” (p. 2). The author contends that current conceptual approaches
to explaining organizational behavior, such as the availability of
resources, or political opportunities, or “collective belief
systems,” can fall short in their predictive powers. There are
times, for example, when organizations appear to be irrational and
self-destructive as they ignore “obvious political
opportunities” or invest “resources inefficiently” (p.
6). Analyzing organizational behavior from the perspective of its
“governance structure” or “political system,”
however, “resolves many of these apparent inconsistencies” (p.
6). Governance structure is “simply a political system described by
a group's guiding principles (its goals and values) on the one hand
and its formal decision-making process on the other” (p. 1).
Common Waters, Diverging Streams: Linking Institutions and Water
Management in Arizona, California, and Colorado
Authors: Ashley Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2005

Common Waters, Diverging Streams: Linking Institutions and Water
Management in Arizona, California, and Colorado. By William
Blomquist, Edella Schlager, and Tanya Heikkila. Washington, D.C.:
Resources for the Future, 2004. 210p. $70.00 cloth, $30.95 paper.Water supply and allocation is a problem that has plagued the West for
most of its history. Water marketing, a greater emphasis on conservation,
and surface water augmentation projects are all methods that have been
used to address the problem. Another approach that has been around for
quite some time but has been pushed to the forefront in recent years is
the idea of conjunctive use management. In its broadest sense, conjunctive
use management is simply linking surface and groundwater together and
managing them as a common water supply pool. Rather than having one set of
groundwater users and one set of surface water users, all are bound
together by the need for more water. By doing so, excess surface water can
be stored beneath the ground during wet times, and these same users can
draw on the underground supply during times of drought. Similarly, the
storage will increase the amount of water available underground so that
overdraft conditions are diminished. In theory, this means that there will
be an overall gain in the amount of water available for all users and that
supplies can be managed on a more sustainable basis. In practice, Wiliam
Blomquist, Edella Schlager, and Tanya Heikkila point out, existing
institutions play a major role in determining the push for conjunctive use
management and the form that it takes.