bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic complexity within walnut species provides insights into the heterogeneity of geological and climatic fluctuations in East Asia
Authors: Geng Fang‐Dong , Lei Meng‐Fan , Zhang Nai‐Yu , Fu Yao‐Lei , Ye Hang , Dang Meng , Zhang Xue‐Dong , Liu Miao‐Qing , Li Meng‐Di , Liu Zhan‐Lin , Zhao Peng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEast Asia constitutes one of the largest and most complex areas of plant diversity globally. This complexity is attributable to the geological history and climatic diversity of East Asia. However, controversy persists over the biogeographical hypotheses and different studies on this topic. The demographical complexity of temperate deciduous woody plants and heterogeneity of geological and climatic fluctuations in East Asia remain poorly understood. We aimed to assemble the chloroplast and nuclear genomes of 360 individuals from five walnut (Juglans) species in East Asia and comprehensively analyze the phylogenetic inference, genetic structure, population demographic, and selection pressure. The results showed that East Asian walnuts could be divided into two major groups, that is, section Juglans/Dioscaryon and sect. Cardiocaryon. Within sect. Cardiocaryon, the samples were categorized into the northern clade and southern clade, both of which were affected by Quaternary glaciation; however, the southern clade was affected to a lesser extent. The population expansion events observed in sect. Cardiocaryon and sect. Dioscaryon since the late Miocene indicated that Neogene climate cooling substantially affected the distribution of Tertiary relict plants in East Asia. Biogeographic analysis results showed that the uplift of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) might have contributed to the divergence within sect. Dioscaryon. Our findings highlight the heterogeneity of climatic fluctuations in the northern and southern regions of East Asia during the late Neogene and Quaternary periods and suggest that the uplift of QTP could have facilitated the divergence of temperate deciduous woody plants.
A traffic state prediction method based on spatial–temporal data mining of floating car data by using autoformer architecture
Authors: Yu Shuangzhi , Peng Jiankun , Ge Yuming , Yu Xinlian , Ding Fan , Li Shen , Ma Charlie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFloating car data (FCD), characterized by wide spatiotemporal coverage, low collection cost, and immunity to adverse weather conditions, are one of the key approaches for intelligent transportation systems to obtain real‐time urban road network traffic information. The research aims to utilize GPS data from taxis in Shanghai and vector geographic information data of the road network, with urban expressways as the research focus. Based on the different driving characteristics of expressways and the vehicles on the ramps below, a clustering analysis is employed to determine all floating vehicles traveling on the target road. Furthermore, an adaptive buffer zone consistent with the road orientation is established based on road vector geographic data. This allows for the extraction of FCD within segmented areas, and the average vehicle speed for that road segment is obtained through weighted calculations. This method fully exploits the natural characteristics of taxis in urban areas with a wide spatiotemporal distribution. The data effectiveness and coverage reach 90.2% and 85.7%, respectively, significantly surpassing the traditional grid‐based extraction method for FCD. Additionally, to capture the long‐term spatiotemporal dependencies of road network traffic states, a spatial–temporal autoformer (STAF) network based on spatial–temporal sequence autocorrelation is employed for traffic state prediction. The results indicate that the STAF method demonstrates good performance in medium‐ and long‐term prediction. We believe that the proposed FCD mining method in this paper provides a new approach for efficiently extracting large‐scale road network traffic states and conducting medium‐ to long‐term predictions.
Social Change, Solidarity, and Mass Agency
Authors: Richardson Kevin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCritics of social injustice argue that the agent of transformative social change will (or should) be a mass agent; namely, an agent that is large, complex, and geographically dispersed. Traditional theories of collective agency emphasize the presence of shared intentions and common knowledge, but mass agents are too large for such cohesion. To make sense of mass agency, I suggest a new approach. On the solidarity theory of mass agency, a mass agent is composed of (a) organizers who intend to fight for social change and (b) supporters who are in solidarity with organizers.
Plant glucosinolate biosynthesis and breakdown pathways shape the rhizosphere bacterial/archaeal community
Authors: Chroston Eleanor C. M. , Bziuk Nina , Stauber Einar J. , Ravindran Beena M. , Hielscher Annika , Smalla Kornelia , Wittstock Ute 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRhizosphere microbial community assembly results from microbe‐microbe‐plant interactions mediated by small molecules of plant and microbial origin. Studies with Arabidopsis thaliana have indicated a critical role of glucosinolates in shaping the root and/or rhizosphere microbial community, likely through breakdown products produced by plant or microbial myrosinases inside or outside of the root. Plant nitrile‐specifier proteins (NSPs) promote the formation of nitriles at the expense of isothiocyanates upon glucosinolate hydrolysis with unknown consequences for microbial colonisation of roots and rhizosphere. Here, we generated the A. thaliana triple mutant nsp134 devoid of nitrile formation in root homogenates. Using this line and mutants lacking aliphatic or indole glucosinolate biosynthesis pathways or both, we found bacterial/archaeal alpha‐diversity of the rhizosphere to be affected only by the ability to produce aliphatic glucosinolates. In contrast, bacterial/archaeal community composition depended on functional root NSPs as well as on pathways of aliphatic and indole glucosinolate biosynthesis. Effects of NSP deficiency were strikingly distinct from those of impaired glucosinolate biosynthesis. Our results demonstrate that rhizosphere microbial community assembly depends on functional pathways of both glucosinolate biosynthesis and breakdown in support of the hypothesis that glucosinolate hydrolysis by myrosinases and NSPs happens before secretion of products to the rhizosphere.
“I Didn't See That Coming!” A daily investigation of the effects of as‐expected and un‐expected workload levels
Authors: Fu Sherry (Qiang) , Lee Young Eun , Yoon Seoin , Dimotakis Nikolaos , Koopman Joel , Tepper Bennett J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWorkload is a ubiquitous feature of the workplace and an exemplar occupational stressor. In contrast to other such experiences, workload represents a necessary aspect of employment that cannot be alleviated or removed. It also has both aversive and beneficial aspects; research, therefore, has aimed to examine the circumstances under which its negative effects can be alleviated while still maintaining its potential benefits for individuals and organizations. Such efforts, however, have had mixed success. In this paper, we propose a new way forward by examining the extent to which the concordance of individual expectations about daily workload and actually experienced workload is associated with aversive affective responses (with ultimate impacts of the latter for cross‐day functioning). We test these propositions in two daily studies and find that when experienced workload levels do not align with expectations, individuals experience higher levels of anxiety. Importantly, these effects of unexpected workload are overall stronger in magnitude than the effects of high but expected workload; furthermore, they operate through their impact on individuals’ sense of control. These workload patterns are further indirectly associated with next‐day functioning through sense of control and anxiety. Implications for theory and practice are discussed, together with directions for future research.
Pre‐infection efficacy of resistance inducers against grapevine powdery mildew
Authors: Taibi Othmane , Fedele Giorgia , Rossi Vittorio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPlant resistance inducers (PRIs) are of increasing interest for disease control in sustainable viticulture, but their efficacy in vineyards is still under investigation. We studied the effects of four commercial PRIs, of natural and microbial origin, on the development of powdery mildew (PM) on grapevine leaves over a 3‐year period. Disease and sporulation severity were evaluated following the artificial inoculation of PRI‐treated leaves with Erysiphe necator conidia at 1, 3, 7 and 12 days after treatment (DAT). Laminarin (LAM) and cos‐oga (COS) were the most effective in reducing both disease (57.1% and 49.5%, respectively) and sporulation (85.3% and 90.2%, respectively) severity; the reduction in PM severity provided by cerevisane (CER) was lower (27%), and that of Pythium oligandrum (PYT) was intermediate (44.9%). LAM was effective from 1 DAT, while COS and PYT were more effective when E. necator was inoculated at 7 to 12 DAT. These results open new perspectives on how PRIs are used as single, preventative interventions performed 1 to 3 days before E. necator infection, depending on the product used. The effect of PRIs on the sporulation of E. necator colonies also suggests a broader and longer effect on PM epidemics.
Integrating education for clinical practice change
Authors: Chawla Elizabeth M. , Schuler Christine L. , Barnhardt Elizabeth W. , Herbst Lori A. , Sarkissian Aliese , McNeal‐Trice Kenya , Newmeyer Amy , Perry Martha , Poynter Sue E. , Lannon Carole 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren with chronic medical conditions and their families have significant emotional health concerns, yet paediatricians are often ill‐equipped to address these needs. The American Board of Pediatrics launched the Roadmap Project to better support emotional health as part of routine care. We present pilot work in paediatric training programmes to test educational approaches and explore lessons learned.ApproachFour institutions implemented Roadmap tools into their paediatric training programmes, either incorporating them into existing educational structures or embedding them into the clinical workplace. One programme utilised an existing longitudinal curriculum, and another incorporated into a block rotation. Two programmes embedded training for residents into a larger programme for the healthcare team within the clinical space, one in outpatient clinics and one in an inpatient service.EvaluationEvaluation strategies at each site matched the intended outcomes. Sites working within education programmes evaluated learners, demonstrating increases in resident skills and confidence on pre‐/post‐self‐assessments. Sites embedding tools into the practice context measured changes in the clinical practice of the healthcare team. Despite variability in implementation, all approaches improved trainee skills; sites embedding education into a clinical setting saw greater changes in clinical practice.ImplicationsOur pilot provided structure yet allowed for flexibility, and all sites improved trainee skills. Engaging the entire healthcare team within practice settings appears advantageous, thus embedding education into clinical practice may be preferable to a separate education programme. Similar to outcomes found in interprofessional education (IPE), educating clinical teams together may be more impactful for cultural shifts needed for changing clinical practice.
Computer tomography measurements of the airway and thoracic cavity do not provide support for bronchial conformation as a predisposing factor of left cranial lung lobe torsion in pugs
Authors: Gall Nick , Butts Daniel R. , Chanoit Guillaume P. , Major Alison C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe objective of this retrospective clinical study was to determine if airway or thoracic cavity measurements in pugs, particularly the left cranial lung lobe, were significantly different from brachycephalic and mesocephalic control. Thoracic computed tomographic studies of 10 pugs, French bulldogs (FB), and Jack Russell Terriers (JRT) were analyzed. Thoracic height: width ratio (H:W), cross‐sectional areas of the left mainstem bronchus (CSA LMB), left cranial lung lobe bronchus (CSA LCrBr), left caudal lung lobe bronchus (CSA LCauBr), CSA LCrBr relative to length (CSA LCrBr/length) and CSA LCauBr/length were measured and adjusted to body weight (/kg). CSA LMB/kg, CSA LCauBr/length/kg, and CSA LCrBr/length /kg were smaller in pugs and FB compared with JRT (P < .05), but no differences were found between pugs and FB. Cross‐sectional areas of left cranial lung lobe bronchus /kg and CSA LCauBr/kg were smaller in pugs than JRT (P < .05), but no differences were found between pugs and FB or FB and JRT. No difference was found in thoracic H:W between any breeds. This demonstrated that pugs and FB had significantly narrower bronchi CSA/lengths ratios compared with JRT, but this was not limited to the LCBr. Airway measurements were not significantly different between brachycephalic breeds; therefore, the pugs’ predisposition to left cranial lung lobe torsion cannot be solely explained by narrower lower airways.
Primary Mouse Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells Exhibit Region- and Sex-Dependent Biological Responses In Vitro
Authors: Karbasion Niyousha , Xu Yujun , Snider J. Caleb , Bersi Matthew R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Despite advancements in elucidating biological mechanisms of cardiovascular remodeling, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. When stratified by sex, clear differences in CVD prevalence and mortality between males and females emerge. Regional differences in phenotype and biological response of cardiovascular cells are important for localizing the initiation and progression of CVD. Thus, to better understand region and sex differences in CVD presentation, we have focused on characterizing in vitro behaviors of primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the thoracic and abdominal aorta of male and female mice. VSMC contractility was assessed by traction force microscopy (TFM; single cell) and collagen gel contraction (collective) with and without stimulation by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and cell proliferation was assessed by a colorimetric metabolic assay (MTT). Gene expression and TFM analysis revealed region- and sex-dependent behaviors, whereas collagen gel contraction was consistent across sex and aortic region under baseline conditions. Thoracic VSMCs showed a sex-dependent sensitivity to TGF-β1-induced collagen gel contraction (female &gt; male; p = 0.025) and a sex-dependent proliferative response (female &gt; male; p &lt; 0.001) that was not apparent in abdominal VSMCs. Although primary VSMCs exhibit intrinsic region and sex differences in biological responses that may be relevant for CVD presentation, several factors—such as inflammation and sex hormones—were not included in this study. Such factors should be included in future studies of in vitro mechanobiological responses relevant to CVD differences in males and females.
Remodeling of Murine Branch Pulmonary Arteries Under Chronic Hypoxia and Short-Term Normoxic Recovery
Authors: Ramachandra Abhay B. , Jiang Bo , Jennings Isabella R. , Manning Edward P. , Humphrey Jay D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chronic hypoxia plays a central role in diverse pulmonary pathologies, but its effects on longitudinal changes in the biomechanical behavior of proximal pulmonary arteries remain poorly understood. Similarly, effects of normoxic recovery have not been well studied. Here, we report hypoxia-induced changes in composition, vasoactivity, and passive biaxial mechanics in the main branch pulmonary artery of male C57BL/6J mice exposed to 10% FiO2 for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. We observed significant changes in extracellular matrix, and consequently wall mechanics, as early as 1 week of hypoxia. While circumferential stress and stiffness returned toward normal values by 2–3 weeks of hypoxia, area fractions of cytoplasm and thin collagen fibers did not return toward normal until after 1 week of normoxic recovery. By contrast, elastic energy storage and overall distensibility remained reduced after 3 weeks of hypoxia as well as following 1 week of normoxic recovery. While smooth muscle and endothelial cell responses were attenuated under hypoxia, smooth muscle but not endothelial cell responses recovered following 1 week of subsequent normoxia. Collectively, these data suggest that homeostatic processes were unable to preserve or restore overall function, at least over a brief period of normoxic recovery. Longitudinal changes are critical in understanding large pulmonary artery remodeling under hypoxia, and its reversal, and will inform predictive models of vascular adaptation.
Association Between Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Occupation Activity Level, National Health Interview Survey—United States, 2020
Authors: Nakayama Jasmine Y. , Van Dyke Miriam E. , Quinn Tyler D. , Whitfield Geoffrey P. 
Published: February 2024

Background: Physical activity for any purpose counts toward meeting Physical Activity Guidelines (PAG). However, national surveillance systems traditionally focus on leisure-time physical activity. There is an incomplete understanding of the association between meeting PAG in leisure time and occupation activity level among US workers. Methods: We used cross-sectional 2020 National Health Interview Survey data to examine US adults aged 18–64 years who worked the week before the survey (n = 14,814). We estimated the proportion meeting aerobic and muscle-strengthening PAG in leisure time by occupation activity level (low, intermediate, and high). Using logistic regression, we examined the association between meeting PAG in leisure time and occupation activity level, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and stratified by hours worked. We compared the sociodemographic characteristics of adults working ≥40 hours (the previous week) in high-activity occupations to those in low- or intermediate-activity occupations. Results: Adults working in high-activity occupations were less likely to meet PAG in leisure time (26.1% [24.3–28.1]) versus those in low-activity (30.6% [29.1–32.2], P < .01) or intermediate-activity (32.4% [30.8–34.2]) occupations. In stratified, adjusted models, adults working ≥40 hours in low- and intermediate-activity occupations were 13% and 20%, respectively, more likely to meet PAG in leisure time versus those in high-activity occupations. Among those working ≥40 hours, adults in high-activity occupations were more likely to be Hispanic or Latino, male, younger, and have a high school education or lower compared with those in less active occupations. Conclusion: Traditional surveillance may underestimate meeting PAG among people working in high-activity occupations, potentially disproportionately affecting certain groups.
Cooperation between two modes for DNA replication initiation in the archaeon
Thermococcus barophilus
Authors: Mc Teer Logan , Moalic Yann , Cueff-Gauchard Valérie , Catchpole Ryan , Hogrel Gaëlle , Lu Yang , Laurent Sébastien , Hemon Marie , Aubé Johanne , Leroy Elodie , Roussel Erwan , Oberto Jacques , Flament Didier , Dulermo Rémi 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

The mechanisms underpinning the replication of genomic DNA have recently been challenged in
Archaea
. Indeed, the lack of origin of replication has no deleterious effect on growth, suggesting that replication initiation relies on homologous recombination. Recombination-dependent replication (RDR) appears to be based on the recombinase RadA, which is of absolute requirement when no initiation origins are detected. The origin of this flexibility in the initiation of replication and the extent to which it is used in nature are yet to be understood. Here, we followed the process of DNA replication throughout the growth stages of
Thermococcus barophilus
. We combined deep sequencing and genetics to elucidate the dynamics of
oriC
utilization according to growth phases. We discovered that in
T. barophilus
, the use of
oriC
diminishes from the lag to the middle of the log phase, and subsequently increases gradually upon entering the stationary phase. Although
oriC
demonstrates no indispensability, RadA does exhibit essentiality. Notably, a knockdown mutant strain provides confirmation of the pivotal role of RadA in RDR for the first time. Thus, we demonstrate the existence of a tight combination between
oriC
utilization and homologous recombination to initiate DNA replication along the growth phases. Overall, this study demonstrates how diverse physiological states can influence the initiation of DNA replication, offering insights into how environmental sensing might impact this fundamental mechanism of life.

IMPORTANCE

Replication of DNA is highly important in all organisms. It initiates at a specific locus called
ori
, which serves as the binding site for scaffold proteins—either Cdc6 or DnaA—depending on the domain of life. However, recent studies have shown that the
Archaea
,
Haloferax volcanii
and
Thermococcus kodakarensis
could subsist without
ori
. Recombination-dependent replication (RDR), via the recombinase RadA, is the mechanism that uses homologous recombination to initiate DNA replication. The extent to which
ori
’s use is necessary in natural growth remains to be characterized. In this study, using
Thermococcus barophilus
, we demonstrated that DNA replication initiation relies on both
oriC
and RDR throughout its physiological growth, each to varying degrees depending on the phase. Notably, a knockdown RadA mutant confirmed the prominent use of RDR during the log phase. Moreover, the study of ploidy in
oriC
and
radA
mutant strains showed that the number of chromosomes per cell is a critical proxy for ensuring proper growth and cell survival.