bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the design of 3D-printed indirect bonding trays and experience of the clinician on the accuracy of bracket placement
Authors: Sabbagh Hisham , Hoffmann Lea , Wichelhaus Andrea , Kessler Andreas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim was to investigate the influence of three different three-dimensional (3D)-printed bonding tray designs and professional experience on accuracy of indirect bracket placement.

Methods
Virtual bracket placement was performed on a scanned dental model using OnyxCeph software (Image Instruments, Chemnitz, Germany). Three different designs for indirect bonding trays (open, semi-open, and closed design) were created and produced using a 3D printer. To analyze the influence of professional experience, one of the three tray designs was produced twice. In this case, bracket placement was performed by an inexperienced dentist. Bracket positions were scanned after the indirect bonding procedure. Linear and angular transfer errors were measured. Significant differences between the target and actual situation were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and χ2 test.

Results
All bonding tray designs resulted in comparable results. The results of the unexperienced dentist showed significantly higher deviations than those for the experienced orthodontist in the torque direction. However, the mean values were comparable. The open tray design exceeded the clinically acceptable limits of 0.25 mm and 1° more often. The inexperienced dentist exceeded these limits significantly more often than the experienced orthodontist in the vertical and torque direction. The immediate bracket loss rate showed no significant differences between the different tray designs. Significantly more bracket losses were observed for the inexperienced dentist during the procedure compared to the experienced orthodontist.

Conclusions
The bonding tray design and professional experience had an influence on the exceedance of clinically relevant limits of positioning accuracy and on the bracket loss rate.
Imaging of intracranial hemorrhage in photon counting computed tomography using virtual monoenergetic images
Authors: Schoenbeck Denise , Sacha Alexander , Niehoff Julius Henning , Moenninghoff Christoph , Borggrefe Jan , Horstmeier Sebastian , Surov Alexey , Shahzadi Iram , Knappe Ulrich , Kroeger Jan Robert , Michael Arwed Elias 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the optimal virtual monoenergetic image (VMI) for detecting and assessing intracranial hemorrhage in unenhanced photon counting CT of the head based on the evaluation of quantitative and qualitative image quality parameters.

Methods
Sixty-three patients with acute intracranial hemorrhage and unenhanced CT of the head were retrospectively included. In these patients, 35 intraparenchymal, 39 intraventricular, 30 subarachnoidal, and 43 subdural hemorrhages were selected. VMIs were reconstructed using all available monoenergetic reconstruction levels (40–190 keV). Multiple regions of interest measurements were used for evaluation of the overall image quality, and signal, noise, signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) of intracranial hemorrhage. Based on the results of the quantitative analysis, specific VMIs were rated by five radiologists on a 5-point Likert scale.

Results
Signal, noise, SNR, and CNR differed significantly between different VMIs (p < 0.001). Maximum CNR for intracranial hemorrhage was reached in VMI with keV levels > 120 keV (intraparenchymal 143 keV, intraventricular 164 keV, subarachnoidal 124 keV, and subdural hemorrhage 133 keV). In reading, no relevant superiority in the detection of hemorrhage could be demonstrated using VMIs above 66 keV.

Conclusion
For the detection of hemorrhage in unenhanced CT of the head, the quantitative analysis of the present study on photon counting CT is generally consistent with the findings from dual-energy CT, suggesting keV levels just above 120 keV and higher depending on the location of the hemorrhage.
However, on the basis of the qualitative analyses, no reliable statement can yet be made as to whether an additional VMI with higher keV is truly beneficial in everyday clinical practice.
Diversity, Characterization, and Potential Applications of Bacterial Endophytes Isolated from the Halophyte Limonium axillare
Authors: Alhaddad Fedae A. , Bitaar Zahieh M. , Abu-Dieyeh Mohammed H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, there has been a worldwide call to explore nature-friendly compounds, which could enhance plant growth and substitute for chemically synthesized products. Endophytes are a group of microorganisms that lives in the plants and algae symbiotically. In this research, endophytes were isolated from leaves of the halophyte, Limonium axillare. A total of 280 bacterial isolates were obtained from the leaves of L. axillare. Strains displaying similarities in terms of morphology and biochemical reactions were categorized into 48 groups. One representative from each group was identified and subjected to enzymatic and plant growth-promoting tests. Forty-eight isolates were identified using a sequence similarity-based method based on the 16S rDNA gene. The identified strains were categorized into two genera: Bacillus and Staphylococcus. Our investigation uncovered 44 isolates from the Bacillus genus, representing 10 different species, including Bacillus sp., B. pseudomycoides, B. cereus, B. paramycoides, B. velezensis, B. subtilis, B. thuringiensis, B. wiedmannii, B. anthracis, and B. bacterium. Furthermore, we observed that only 4 isolates belonged to the Staphylococcus genus, encompassing 3 distinct species: S. bacterium, S. succinus, and S. saprophyticus. The isolated bacteria were screened for extracellular enzymes, plant growth promoting traits, antifungal activity, and salinity tolerance. From the previous screening, diverse responses were obtained. Most of the isolates were secreted at least one of the hydrolysis enzymes (protease, lipase and amylase). (93.8%) of the strains showed phosphate solubilization activity. (33.3%) produce (IAA). Siderophore production potential was present in 91.7% of isolates, while ACC deaminase and HCN production activities were identified in 52.1 and 41.7% of strains, respectively. Additionally, DNase activity was evident in 27.1%, and ammonia production was observed in 31.3% of the isolates. The isolates Bacillus velezensis (AL4QUA) strain showed positive effect in the greenhouse experiment in terms of plant growth promoter agent and biocontrol agent against Fusarium oxysporum pathogen of tomato seedling. Thus, endophytes have the potential to reduce chemical inputs in conventional agricultural practices, increase nutrient uptake and improve plant stress resilience.
Are “mystical experiences” essential for antidepressant actions of ketamine and the classic psychedelics?
Authors: Hashimoto Kenji 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe growing interest in the rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of the dissociative anesthetic ketamine and classic psychedelics, such as psilocybin, is remarkable. However, both ketamine and psychedelics are known to induce acute mystical experiences; ketamine can cause dissociative symptoms such as out-of-body experience, while psychedelics typically bring about hallucinogenic experiences, like a profound sense of unity with the universe or nature. The role of these mystical experiences in enhancing the antidepressant outcomes for patients with depression is currently an area of ongoing investigation and debate. Clinical studies have shown that the dissociative symptoms following the administration of ketamine or (S)-ketamine (esketamine) are not directly linked to their antidepressant properties. In contrast, the antidepressant potential of (R)-ketamine (arketamine), thought to lack dissociative side effects, has yet to be conclusively proven in large-scale clinical trials. Moreover, although the activation of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor is crucial for the hallucinogenic effects of psychedelics in humans, its precise role in their antidepressant action is still under discussion. This article explores the importance of mystical experiences in enhancing the antidepressant efficacy of both ketamine and classic psychedelics.
The European intercomparison of in-vivo monitoring laboratories: the EIVIC-2020 project
Authors: Franck D. , Meisenberg O. , Beaumont T. , Buchholz W. , López M. A. , Navarro J. F. , Pérez B. , Hürkamp K. , Breustedt B. , Vanhavere F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe EIVIC project was launched in 2020, and the main goal was the organisation of a European intercomparison of in-vivo monitoring laboratories dealing with direct measurements of gamma-emitting radionuclides incorporated into the body of exposed workers. This project was organised jointly by members of EURADOS Working Group 7 on internal dosimetry (WG7), the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS, Germany) and the Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety Institute (IRSN, France). The objective was to assess the implementation of individual-monitoring requirements in EU Member States on the basis of in-vivo measurements and to gain insight into the performance of in-vivo measurements using whole-body counters. In this context, a total of 41 in-vivo monitoring laboratories from 21 countries, together with JRC (EC) and IAEA participated. The results were submitted in terms of activity (Bq) of the radionuclides identified inside phantoms that were circulated to all participants. The measured data were compared with reference activity values to evaluate the corresponding bias according to the standards ISO 28218 and ISO 13528. In general, the results of the different exercises are good, and most facilities are in conformity with the criteria for the bias and z-scores in the ISO standards. Furthermore, information about technical and organisational characteristics of the participating laboratories was collected to test if they had a significant influence on the reported results.
5qSMA: standardised retrospective natural history assessment in 268 patients with four copies of SMN2
Authors: Vill Katharina , Tacke Moritz , König Anna , Baumann Matthias , Baumgartner Manuela , Steinbach Meike , Bernert Guenther , Blaschek Astrid , Deschauer Marcus , Flotats-Bastardas Marina , Friese Johannes , Goldbach Susanne , Gross Martin , Günther René , Hahn Andreas , Hagenacker Tim , Hauser Erwin , Horber Veronka , Illsinger Sabine , Johannsen Jessika , Kamm Christoph , Koch Jan C. , Koelbel Heike , Koehler Cornelia , Kolzter Kirsten , Lochmüller Hanns , Ludolph Albert , Mensch Alexander , Meyer zu Hoerste Gerd , Mueller Monika , Mueller-Felber Wolfgang , Neuwirth Christoph , Petri Susanne , Probst-Schendzielorz Kristina , Pühringer Manuel , Steinbach Robert , Schara-Schmidt Ulrike , Schimmel Mareike , Schrank Bertold , Schwartz Oliver , Schlachter Kurt , Schwerin-Nagel Annette , Schreiber Gudrun , Smitka Martin , Topakian Raffi , Trollmann Regina , Tuerk Matthias , Theophil Manuela , Rauscher Christian , Vorgerd Mathias , Walter Maggie C. , Weiler Markus , Weiss Claudia , Wilichowski Ekkehard , Wurster Claudia D. , Wunderlich Gilbert , Zeller Daniel , Ziegler Andreas , Kirschner Janbernd , Pechmann Astrid ,   SMArtCARE study group
Published: February 2024

AbstractNewborn screening for 5qSMA offers the potential for early, ideally pre-symptomatic, therapeutic intervention. However, limited data exist on the outcomes of individuals with 4 copies of SMN2, and there is no consensus within the SMA treatment community regarding early treatment initiation in this subgroup. To provide evidence-based insights into disease progression, we performed a retrospective analysis of 268 patients with 4 copies of SMN2 from the SMArtCARE registry in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Inclusion criteria required comprehensive baseline data and diagnosis outside of newborn screening. Only data prior to initiation of disease-modifying treatment were included. The median age at disease onset was 3.0 years, with a mean of 6.4 years. Significantly, 55% of patients experienced symptoms before the age of 36 months. 3% never learned to sit unaided, a further 13% never gained the ability to walk independently and 33% of ambulatory patients lost this ability during the course of the disease. 43% developed scoliosis, 6.3% required non-invasive ventilation and 1.1% required tube feeding. In conclusion, our study, in line with previous observations, highlights the substantial phenotypic heterogeneity in SMA. Importantly, this study provides novel insights: the median age of disease onset in patients with 4 SMN2 copies typically occurs before school age, and in half of the patients even before the age of three years. These findings support a proactive approach, particularly early treatment initiation, in this subset of SMA patients diagnosed pre-symptomatically. However, it is important to recognize that the register will not include asymptomatic individuals.
Evaluation of the Amblyopia tracker app
Authors: O’Connor Anna R. , Warburton Ashli , Farrelly-Waters Martha , England Laura , Clarke Rachel , Kay Hazel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The Amblyopia tracker app has been developed to be a tool for parents to monitor changes in vision at home during amblyopia treatment. The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility and repeatability of parents testing their children at home and to compare home test results to an assessment in clinic by an orthoptist.

Methods
Children (age < 18 years) with amblyopia (interocular acuity difference of ≥ 0.2logMAR) were recruited. Parents were asked to test their child with the app three times during a two week period followed by an online questionnaire about the usability. Participants also tested within 48 h of their appointment where the measurement was repeated by an orthoptist.

Results
Out of 277 potential participants contacted, 37 completed three home measurements, mean age 6.8 years (SD 2.94). Home tests comparisons were made between test two and three to ensure familiarity with the process. Paired t-tests showed no statistically significant difference for either eye or the interocular acuity difference (IAD). However, 29% had a difference in IAD of more than 0.1logMAR on repeated testing, with a maximum of 0.4logMAR difference in the IAD. Questionnaire responses from the parents who participated were predominantly positive with 97% of respondents saying they would use it if were available. Comparison of home and clinical measurements (n = 23, mean age 6.72 SD 2.60) showed no statistically significant differences for either eye or interocular acuity difference (paired t-test, p > 0.3 in all cases).

Conclusion
Results show no statistically significant differences for the Amblyopia tracker app when used by parents at home on repeated testing, or between the home test by a parent and the test by a clinician. However, variability in the results does indicate that further improvements are required to ensure the results can be used as a reliable clinical tool.
Reducing sickness absence among public-sector healthcare employees: the difference-making roles of managerial and employee participation
Authors: Akerstrom M. , Severin J. , Miech E. J. , Wikström E. , Roczniewska M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Evaluations of organizational-level interventions to prevent work-related illness have identified enabling factors, but knowledge of necessary and sufficient conditions for intervention success is needed. The aim was to identify difference-making factors that distinguish intervention groups with and without a positive intervention effect on sickness absence.

Methods
An organizational-level intervention designed to decrease sickness absence by providing support from process facilitators was implemented at eight healthcare workplaces in Sweden between 2017 and 2018. We applied coincidence analysis (CNA) to analyze 34 factors and determine which factors were necessary and sufficient for a successful implementation of tailored interventional measures on an organizational level (dichotomous) and reduced sickness absence (trichotomous).

Results
Two factors perfectly explained both the presence and absence of a successful implementation: “a high sense of urgency” and “good anchoring and participation from the strategic management”. The presence of either of these factors alone was sufficient for successful implementation, whereas the joint absence of both conditions was necessary and sufficient for the absence of successful implementation and an intervention effect. In addition, high employee participation was both necessary and sufficient for a high intervention effect. For organizations without high employee participation, successful implementation led to a medium-effect size.

Conclusions
This study identified participation as a difference-maker in the implementation process. Participation from different stakeholders turned out to be important in different phases. When implementing organizational-level interventions, high participation from both strategic management and employees appears to be crucial in terms of the intervention’s effect on sickness absence.
Anatomical changes of Tenebrio molitor and Tribolium castaneum during complete metamorphosis
Authors: Vommaro Maria Luigia , Donato Sandro , Caputo Simone , Agostino Raffaele G. , Montali Aurora , Tettamanti Gianluca , Giglio Anita 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn holometabolous insects, extensive reorganisation of tissues and cells occurs at the pupal stage. The remodelling of the external exoskeleton and internal organs that intervenes during metamorphosis has been traditionally studied in many insect species based on histological or ultrastructural methods. This study demonstrates the use of synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast micro-computed tomography as a powerful, non-destructive tool for in situ morphological observation of anatomical structures at the pupal stage in two Tenebrionid beetles, i.e. Tribolium castaneum and Tenebrio molitor, known as important pests, as well as emerging and promising models in experimental biology. Virtual sections and three-dimensional reconstructions were performed on both males and females at early, intermediate, and late pupal stage. The dataset allowed us to observe the remodelling of the gut and nervous system as well as the shaping of the female and male reproductive system at different pupal ages in both mealworm and red flour beetles. Moreover, we observed that the timing and duration pattern of organ development varied between the species analysed, likely related to the species-specific adaptations of the pre-imaginal stages to environmental conditions, which ultimately affect their life cycle. This research provides new knowledge on the morphological modifications that occur during the pupal stage of holometabolous insects and provides a baseline set of information on beetle metamorphosis that may support future research in forensics, physiology, and ecology as well as an image atlas for educational purposes.
Effectiveness and reliability of hypnosis in stereotaxy: a randomized study
Authors: Catalano Chiuvé Sabina , Momjian Shahan , Wolff Adriana , Corniola Marco Vincenzo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease (PD) may experience pain during stereotactic frame (SF) fixation in deep brain stimulation (DBS). We assessed the role of hypnosis during the SF fixation in PD patients undergoing awake bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS.

Methods

N = 19 patients were included (N = 13 males, mean age 63 years; N = 10 allocated to the hypnosis and N = 9 allocated to the control groups). Patients were randomly assigned to the interventional (hypnosis and local anesthesia) or non-interventional (local anesthesia only) groups. The primary outcome was the pain perceived (the visual analogue scale (VAS)). Secondary outcomes were stress, anxiety, and depression, as measured by the perceived stress scale (PSS) and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Procedural distress was measured using the peritraumatic distress inventory (PDI-13).

Results
In the hypnosis group, VASmean was 5.6 ± 2.1, versus 6.4 ± 1.2 in the control group (p = 0.31). Intervention and control groups reported similar VASmax scores (7.6 ± 2.1 versus 8.6 ± 1.6 (p = 0.28), respectively). Both groups had similar HADS scores (6.2 ± 4.3 versus 6.7 ± 1.92, p = 0.72 (HADSa) and 6.7 ± 4.2 versus 7.7 ± 3, p = 0.58 (HADSd)), so were the PSS scores (26.1 ± 6.3 versus 25.1 ± 7, p = 0.75). Evolutions of VASmean (R
2 = 0.93, 95% CI [0.2245, 1.825], p = 0.03) and PDI-13 scores (R
2 = 0.94, 95% CI [1.006, 6.279], p = 0.02) significantly differ over follow-up with patients in the hypnosis groups showing lower scores.

Conclusion
In this unblinded, randomized study, hypnosis does not influence pain, anxiety, and distress during awake SF fixation but modulates pain memory over time and may prevent the integration of awake painful procedures as a bad experience into the autobiographical memory of patients suffering from PD. A randomized controlled study with more data is necessary to confirm our findings.
A pilot clinical study to estimate intracranial pressure utilising cerebral photoplethysmograms in traumatic brain injury patients
Authors: Roldan Maria , Abay Tomas Ysehak , Uff Christopher , Kyriacou Panayiotis A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose
In this research, a non-invasive intracranial pressure (nICP) optical sensor was developed and evaluated in a clinical pilot study. The technology relied on infrared light to probe brain tissue, using photodetectors to capture backscattered light modulated by vascular pulsations within the brain’s vascular tissue. The underlying hypothesis was that changes in extramural arterial pressure could affect the morphology of recorded optical signals (photoplethysmograms, or PPGs), and analysing these signals with a custom algorithm could enable the non-invasive calculation of intracranial pressure (nICP).

Methods
This pilot study was the first to evaluate the nICP probe alongside invasive ICP monitoring as a gold standard. nICP monitoring occurred in 40 patients undergoing invasive ICP monitoring, with data randomly split for machine learning. Quality PPG signals were extracted and analysed for time-based features. The study employed Bland–Altman analysis and ROC curve calculations to assess nICP accuracy compared to invasive ICP data.

Results
Successful acquisition of cerebral PPG signals from traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients allowed for the development of a bagging tree model to estimate nICP non-invasively. The nICP estimation exhibited 95% limits of agreement of 3.8 mmHg with minimal bias and a correlation of 0.8254 with invasive ICP monitoring. ROC curve analysis showed strong diagnostic capability with 80% sensitivity and 89% specificity.

Conclusion
The clinical evaluation of this innovative optical nICP sensor revealed its ability to estimate ICP non-invasively with acceptable and clinically useful accuracy. This breakthrough opens the door to further technological refinement and larger-scale clinical studies in the future.

Trial registration
NCT05632302, 11th November 2022, retrospectively registered.