bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Location of genes controlling resistance to greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rond.) in Hordeum chilense
Authors: Castro A. M. , Martin A. , Martin L. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWheat/Hordeum chilense disomic addition lines have been used to locate genes influencing resistance against greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rond.) in specific chromosomes of H. chilense. H. chilense is a source of antixenosis, antibiosis and host tolerance to the greenbug, being resistant also to the Russian wheat aphid, the two key pests in wheat. For measuring antixenosis, the numbers of aphids per plant were recorded in a host free choice test; antibiotic resistance was determined by measuring the developmental time, the fecundity and the intrinsic rate of population increase of aphids reared on the different hosts, and host tolerance to aphids was evaluated by the leaf damage and the number of expanded leaves on the hosts after 3 weeks of infestation. The greenbugs belonged to a clone of biotype C.Plant genes with positive effects for antixenosis were located on chromosome 1Hch. Genes with positive effects for antibiosis were located on three different chromosomes and those that prolonged aphid developmental time were located on chromosomes 5Hch and 7Hch while those that reduced the total fecundity were on 4Hch. Chromosome 7Hch accounted for host tolerance to greenbug.
Genetic analysis of some chlorophyll fluorescence and productivity parameters in barley (Hordeum vulgare)
Authors: Marcial L. , Sarrafi A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractReciprocal crosses were made between five barley genotypes of diverse origin. Parents and 20 F1S were grown in a greenhouse in a randomized block design with three replications. Each replication consisted of one pot containing three plants. Chlorophyll fluorescence activity of the penultimate leaf (below the flag leaf) of the main stem in each plant was measured at two stages of development (six‐leaf stage and anthesis). At anthesis, and after measuring fluorescence parameters, a drought stress was applied. Yield components were measured at complete maturity. Statistical analysis for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed high genetic variability for the traits studied at both the six‐leaf stage and anthesis, but most fluorescence parameters had decreased by anthesis. General and specific combining abilities of a diallel analysis were significant for most of the characters studied. General combining ability (GCA) values were usually more important than those of specific combining ability (SCA), showing the importance of additive genetic control for the fluorescence traits. Reciprocal effects were not significant for the fluorescence traits studied. A high genetic variability was also observed for yield components. Additive gene effects for plant weight, spike number, spike weight, number of grains per plant and 1000‐grain weight were demonstrated. Potential photosynthetic activity (Rfd) at anthesis was positively correlated with plant weight, spike number per plant and 1000‐grain weight.
Correlations among Fusarium culmorum head blight resistance, fungal colonization and mycotoxin contents in winter rye
Authors: Mledaner T. , Perkowski J. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Fusarium culmorum head blight infections may lead to accumulation of toxic metabolites in winter rye grain. To estimate the correlation between resistance traits, fungal colonization and accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON), 3‐acetyldeoxynivalenol (3‐AcDON) and zea‐ralenone (ZEA), 27 winter rye single‐cross hybrids were artificially inoculated in 1992 and 1993. Resistance traits were head blight rating and grain weight of the inoculated relative to the non‐inoculated plots. Fungal colonization was determined by the analysis of ergosterol (ERG) content in the grain. Head blight rating and relative grain yield showed a medium to high disease severity and ERG indicated a considerable fungal colonization of the kernels with a mean of 85 mg/kg in 1992 and 66 mg/kg in 1993. DON content among genotypes ranged from 0.7–28 mg/kg in 1992 and from 11 to 35 mg/kg in 1993. 3‐AcDON and ZEA contents were low in both years with overall means of 1.1 and 0.09 mg/kg, respectively. Across both years, considerable genotypic variation was found for head blight rating, relative grain weight, and ERG content with medium to high heritabilities (0.6–0.7). For the mycotoxin contents, however, genotype‐year interaction variance was the most important source of variation. The correlations between relative grain weight and DON, 3‐AcDON, or ZEA were low in 1992 (r ∼ 0.3), but considerably higher in 1993 (r ∼ 0.7, P = 0.01). In contrast, correlation between relative grain weight and ERG was significant in both years (r ∼ 0.5, P = 0.01). In F. culmorum head blight infections, DON, 3‐AcDON and ZEA contents appear to be affected, at least partially, by different environmental factors than resistance traits and fungal colonization.
Cytometric and morphometric identification of diploid, tetraploid and pentaploid plants derived from Actinidia arguta (2n = 4x) crossed with A. deliciosa (2n = 6x)
Authors: Chat J. , Dumoulin P. Y. , Bastard Y. , Monet R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInterspecific crosses between Actinidia arguta (In = 4x) and A. deliciosa (2n = 6x) were carried out in order to transfer cold resistance from a wild to the cultivated kiwifruit species. Of the 65 progenies obtained and analysed by flow cytometry, 16 were diploid, one was tetraploid and 48 were, as expected, pentaploid. Morphologically, the diploids can be distinguished from the pentaploids by their longer lamina. The existence of 5x progenies confirms the existence of gene flow between A. arguta and A. deliciosa, whereas the existence of 2x and 4x progenies provides evidence for parthenogenesis within the Actinidia genus following an interspecific cross. The study demonstrates the utility of flow cytometry for genomic analysis of progenies derived from interspecific crosses. Possible uses of both sexual and parthenogenetic progenies in the breeding and genetics of kiwifruit are discussed.
Establishment of a random‐mating population of ‘Polima’ CMS restorers in Brassica napus by use of dominant genie male sterility
Authors: Yang G. S. , Fu T. D. , Ma C. Z. , Yang X. N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFive restorers of ‘polima’ cytoplasmic male sterility (pol CMS) cannot restore the fertility in dominant genie male sterility (DGMS). A dominant male sterility gene from both, a DGMS line Rs l046AB and DGMS hybrid ‘Zhongza No. 3’, was successfully introduced into Polima cytoplasm. A random‐mating population of pol CMS restorers was established by using many double‐low pol CMS restorers as pollinators to cross continuously to the DGMS plants which had Polima cytoplasm.
Resynthesis of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): A comparison of sexual versus somatic hybridization
Authors: Heath D. W. , Earle E. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSexual and somatic Brassica napus hybrids produced from the same parental plants were compared. Sexual crosses between a white‐flowered, self‐compatible broccoli selection (B. oleracea var. italica, cc genome) as the maternal parent and a flowering pak choi accession (B. chinensis, aa genome) yielded one unique spontaneous hybrid and four hybrids through embryo rescue. Thirty‐nine somatic hybrids were recovered from a protoplast fusion experiment. Hybridity was confirmed by morphology, isozyme expression, flow cytometry, and DNA hybridization. Sexual and somatic hybrids exhibited differences in leaf morphology, flower colour, flowering habit, and organellar inheritance. Sexual hybrids were all fertile amphidiploids (2n = 38, aacc) following spontaneous chromosome doubling. All somatic hybrids had high nuclear DNA contents; most were probably hexaploids (aaaacc or aacccc) from the fusion of three portoplasts. Two initially sterile hexaploid (aaaacc) regenerates eventually set selfed seed after the loss of the putative extra aa genome following regrowth from axillary buds. A bias toward inheritance of B. chinensis chloroplasts was observed with somatic hybrids.
Cultivar × rhizobial strain interactions in peas with respect to early symbiosis, nodule initiation and N uptake
Authors: Mårtensson A. M. , Rydberg I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSixteen pea cultivars differing in their phenotypic characteristics were studied in order to characterize the cultivars' variability in symbiotic characters using three Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae strains. The peas did not show any cultivar × strain interactions with the rhizobial strains used with respect to root hair infection frequency or day of nodule initiation. Three cultivars had high root hair infection frequencies, and five had only a few infected root hairs. Four of five leafless/semi‐leafless varieties investigated and one cultivar with normal leaves formed nodules quickly, whereas three varieties with normal leaves formed nodules slowly. Ten of the cultivars showed cultivar × strain interactions with respect to N uptake, indicating that the performance of the N2‐fixing symbioses depends on the rhizobial partner. Six cultivars showed cultivar × strain interactions with respect to dry matter production and the nodule proportion of the dry matter. Of the cultivars investigated, we conclude that some of the leafless/semi‐leafless varieties (‘Capella’, ‘Filby’ and ‘Solara’) are suitable for inclusion in a future breeding programme, since these cultivars combined several important symbiotic characters.
Short Communication Comparison between QTL analysis of powdery mildew resistance in barley based on detached primary leaves and on field data
Authors: Backes G. , Schwarz G. , Wenzel G. , Jahoor A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of quantitative powdery mildew resistance was performed on 216 doubled haploid lines derived from a cross between the winter‐barley varieties ‘Igri’ and ‘Danilo’ using 67 RFLP loci. Resistance to powdery mildew was determined in the field with natural infection and on detached primary leaves with a specific isolate. The major QTL found in both sets of analysis mapped to the same chromosomal region. No further QTL could be found in the analysis based on detached leaves and one additional minor QTL was found in the analysis based on field data.
Short Communication A low morphine‐containing accession of Papaver somniferum suitable for seed production*
Authors: Bajpai S. , Gupta M. M. , Kumaru S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA total of 140 Indian accessions of Papaver somniferum were raised under the subtropical conditions of Lucknow, India. They were screened for major alkaloids present in the capsules and peduncles, using a TLC‐densitometry procedure. An accession containing the narcotic alkaloid morphine at as low a concentration as 0.05% in its capsules has been identified. The accession has good agronomic traits.
Pod volume and pod‐filling percentage as additional traits for the characterization of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Pundir R. P. S. , Reddy G. V. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThirty short‐ to medium‐duration chickpea germplasm accessions from diverse geographic origins and with a wide range of physiological and morphological traits were grown in three environments at ICRISAT Asia Center, Patancheru, during 1992/93. Data were recorded on time to flowering, leaf area, 100‐seed mass, pod volume, and pod‐filling percentage. Quantitative data on the last two traits were recorded for the first time to examine their relevance to the characterization of germplasm accessions and their use as selection criteria in breeding. The accessions exhibited considerable variation for the traits. The broad‐sense heritabilities were 0.98 for pod volume and 0.85 for pod‐filling percentage. The two traits showed consistent relationships with other morphological characters indicating that the pod volume and pod‐filling percentage traits can be utilized in genotype characterization of chickpea.
Rapid screening of selected European winter wheat varieties and segregating populations for the Glu‐D1d allele using PCR
Authors: Varghese J. P. , Struss D. , Kazman M. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractForty‐two winter wheat varieties and 193 F2 and BC1F2 seeds were screened for Glu‐D1d allele encoding the HMW glutenin subunits 5 + 10 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The segregating populations originated from crosses involving wheat parents with good and poor bread‐making quality. A clear PCR product of 450 bp, representing 1Dx5 of the Glu‐D1d allele was identified in 24 varieties and 111 hybrid seeds. Four different Glu‐D1 alleles: a (2 + 12), b (3 + 12), c (4 + 12) and d (5 + 10) were detected using sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). Only genotypes possessing Glu‐D1d gave a positive PCR signal, hexaploid triticale and 4 × wheat lacking Glu‐D1 locus gave a negative signal. The efficiency of PCR selection for bread‐making quality in early generations using half seed is discussed.
Genetic response to index selection for grain yield, kernel weight and per cent protein in four wheat crosses
Authors: Gebre‐Mariam H. , Larter E. N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractQuantitative genetic theory was used to investigate selection differentials, expected and observed direct and correlated responses to simultaneous improvement of grain yield, kernel weight, and grain protein content in F3 and F4 populations of four spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crosses. Selection in the F3 generation based on the Smith‐Hazel index (SH) and yield was found to be superior to the other methods studied in identifying high‐yielding lines, but resulted in substantial decrease in grain protein level. Consequently, a 1.0% increase in protein from selection for protein depressed grain yield as much as 536 kg/ha below the population mean, reducing the expected yield gains per generation selection cycle by 250%. The weight‐free indices (EW), particularly the index involving only yield and kernel weight (EW3) and its linear approximation (EW4), and the desired gains indices were effective in improving protein content but were less efficient in selecting top‐yielding lines. Selection in the opposite direction using truncation of the lowest 10% of the population based on weight‐free‐index involving yield, kernel weight and protein (EW2) reduced all traits significantly compared with the mean of the unselected population indicating the effectiveness of the unweighted selection index. The observed genetic gains (Ra) from selection based on yield, the SH, EW3 and EW4 indices were slightly lower than the expected advances per cycle (R) in populations from crosses ‘Sinton’×‘Glenlea’ (C1), ‘Glenlea’×‘NB505’ (C2), and ‘A2P5’×‘NB320’ (C6) (Ra/R = 70 to 85%) but were higher in cross ‘NB505’×‘A2P5’ (C5) (Ra/R = 126 to 143%). It was concluded that weight‐free and the desired gains indices can be used to improve wheat grain yield and grain protein simultaneously in F3 generation selection, as revealed by response to selection measured in the F4 generation.
Breeding perennial ryegrass with better crown rust resistance
Authors: Reheul D. , Ghesquiere A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractImproving rust resistance is one of the main goals in our breeding programme with perennial ryegrasses. We have studied the behaviour of our breeding material over several years in several locations under natural and artificial infection conditions. The narrow sense heritability of crown rust resistance is fairly high (0.46), providing scope for improving resistance, but this optimism is reduced by the negative correlation with yield. The most resistant material yielded 4% less than the most susceptible material. No decline in digestibility is expected when improving the disease resistance. The incidence of crown rust is very variable between years, locations and between spontaneous and artificial infections, creating constraints in selection.Observations for several years and at several locations appear to be the best way to improve rust resistance in perennial ryegrass.
Use of isozyme analysis in the breeding of synthetic rapeseed cultivars
Authors: Hackenberg E. M. , Köhler W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEleven winter rapeseed inbred lines (I4) were characterized according to isozyme banding patterns from seven polymorphic enzyme systems. All lines could be qualitatively and quantitatively distinguished using two enzyme systems, shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH) and diaphorase (DIA). Genetic distances were calculated among lines and 15 selected two‐line hybrids were planted as experimental synthetics in field‐trials. Syn‐0 populations produced seed yields between 0.4% lower and 12.9% higher than the mean yields of the respective parental lines. Syn‐1 seed yields were 11–24.1% higher than the respective parental lines and the yield improvement was positively correlated with the genetic distance between the parental lines. This tendency suggests that genetic distances between cross components, calculated from isozyme polymorphism, can be used in prognosis of yield performance of synthetic rapeseed cultivars. Isozyme analysis was also applied to study fertilization behaviour in line mixtures, and differences among parental lines were observed with regard to the tendency for self‐pollination or out‐crossing. The partially very high outcrossing rate suggests the possible existence of a self‐incompatibility system.
Cytogenetical and molecular investigations on somatic hybrids of Sinapis alba and Brassica juncea and their backcross progeny
Authors: Gaikwad K. , Kirti P. B. , Sharma A. , Prakash S. , Chopra V. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSomatic hybrids of Sinapis alba+Brassica juncea (Sal Sal AABB) were synthesized by protoplast electrofusion. They were true genomic allopolyploids since they possessed 60 chromosomes, i.e. the sum of S. alba (2n= 24) and B. juncea (2n= 36) chromosomes. Chromosome pairing was predominantly bivalent with the occasional occurrence of multivalents in the pollen mother cells at diakinesis and metaphase I. Hybrids were completely pollen‐sterile, but produced seeds on back‐crossing with B. juncea and B. campestris. A total of 37 BC1 plants were raised from two somatic hybrids (JS‐1 and JS‐2) and 24 of these were analysed cytologically. The 22 plants originating from the pollinations of somatic hybrids with B. juncea showed a chromosome configuration of 18II+12I and had 42–86% pollen fertility. Two plants from the backcrosses of the somatic hybrid with B. campestris formed 10II +20I, and had 0–4% fertile pollen. Total DNA analysis by probing with pTA71 carrying a full‐length 18S–25S rDNA fragment of the wheat nuclear genome revealed that the two somatic hybrids possessed all the characteristic bands of both the species, confirming their hybridity. Probing with the mitochondrial coxI and atp9 genes indicated mitochondrial genome recombination in the hybrids. Hybridization with chloroplast‐specific psbD indicated that both the somatic hybrids possessed the cp genome of S. alba origin.
Influence of the apetalous character in rape (Brassica napus) on the foraging behaviour of honeybees (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Pierre J. , Pierre J. S. , Marilleau R. , Pham‐Delègue M. H. , Tanguy X. , Renard M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn order to establish whether commercial hybrid seed production between apetalous and apetalous rapeseed lines could be developed through insect cross‐pollination, observations were made to compare the foraging behaviour of honeybees on both flower types with regard to their attractiveness. Number of flowers/m2 and nectar volumes, considered as important attractive factors, did not differ between the two lines but nectar sugar composition was slightly different. Honeybee density was significantly higher on the apetalous line when their foraging activity was rather high. Honeybees showed a considerable constancy to each flower type. Passages between both types were not very frequent. Nectar foraging behaviour, observed under cages, differed with the floral morphology. On the apetalous flowers, honeybees visited the two inner nectaries by crawling over the anthers and the stigma, while on the apetalous ones they often inserted their tongues between the sepals, thus having less contact with the reproductive organs. From these results, the honeybee efficiency in cross‐pollination between petalous and apetalous lines appears to be reduced.
Screening for scab resistance by RAPD markers in cultivars of apple (Malus spp.)
Authors: Marn M. Viršček , ŠTampar F. , Javornik B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGenetic markers are a much faster and more practical alternative to classical methods for the identification of genes for scab resistance present in different apple cultivars. In our study, 28 scab‐resistant cultivars, four wild sources of the resistance genes and 10 susceptible cultivars were screened for the presence of the RAPD fragments OPM18/900, OPD20/600 and OPA15/900, which are reported to be linked to the Vf gene. All three marker fragments were successfully amplified with different protocols in Vf‐resistant cultivars including ‘M. floribunda 821’. No marker fragments were amplified in susceptible cultivars, three out of four Va‐resistant cultivars, three out of four Vm‐resistant cultivars, two Vr‐resistant cultivars, ‘Antonovka PI 172612’ and ‘M. pumila R 12740‐7A’. All three markers were found in the cv. ‘Nova Easygro’, reported to possess the Vr gene, and the cv. ‘Reglindis’, reported to be Va‐resistant. M. atrosanguinea of unknown origin showed the presence of OPD20/600 and OPA 15/900 marker bands. The cvs. ‘Nova Easygro’, ‘Reglindis’ and M. atrosanguinea are probably carriers of the VF gene.
Stability of male‐sterile sources and fertility restoration of their hybrids in pearl millet
Authors: Rai K. N. , Virk D. S. , Harinarayana G. , Rao A. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGenetic background has a significant effect on the expression of cytoplasmic‐nuclear male sterility (CMS) in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.). Therefore, a reliable characterization of CMS sources requires the use of near‐isonuclear lines and their hybrids. We used this approach to characterize five CMS sources (A1, A2, A3, Av, and A4). Male sterility of 81A4 was the most stable, followed by 81A1 and 81Av, indicating the relative merits of these CMS sources in breeding stable male‐sterile lines. Male‐sterile lines 81A2 and 81A3 were highly unstable, indicating their minimal value. Differential male fertility restoration patterns of hybrids made on 81AV and 81A4 suggest that the Av and A4 cytoplasms represent CMS systems that are different from each other and from A1, A2 and A3. An evaluation of topcross hybrids of 15 diverse populations made on 81A1 and 81A4 showed that each population had restorers and maintainers of both cytoplasms and that the frequency of maintainers of A4 was as high as, or higher than, that of the A1 cytoplasm. Thus, use of the A4 cytoplasm can substantially increase the probability of breeding stable male‐sterile lines based on inbreds developed from diverse genetic backgrounds, and also provide the opportunity for breeding restorers from each of these diverse genetic sources.
Locating supplementary RFLP markers on barley chromosome 7 and synteny with homoeologous wheat group 5
Authors: RouvèS S. , Boeuf C. , Zwickert‐Menteur S. , Gautier M. F. , Joudrier P. , Bernard M. , Jestin L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn order to develop QTL applications, eight new loci were mapped on barley chromosome 7 using 124 doubled haploid lines of the North American Barley Genome Mapping Project (NABGMP) progeny (‘Steptoe’×‘Morex’)‐ These loci involve six genomic DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and two cDNA‐RFLPs including a puroindoline gene. The distribution of these markers on barley chromosome 7 was compared with that of homoeologous wheat counterparts, i.e. wheat group 5. One locus on chromosome 7 was associated with a QTL for β‐glucanase activity measured in green and finished barley malt.