bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Inherited Heart Disease to Sudden Cardiac Death in Childhood
Authors: Hofman Nynke , Tan Hanno L. , Clur Sally-Ann , Alders Mariel , van Langen Irene M. , Wilde Arthur A. M. 
Published: October 2007

BACKGROUND. In children aged 1 to 18 years, the causes of sudden cardiac death may remain unresolved when autopsy results are negative. Because inherited cardiac diseases are likely, cardiologic and genetic investigations of relatives may still yield the diagnosis in these cases. Moreover, these investigations provide timely identification of relatives who are also at risk of sudden cardiac death. We aimed to establish the cause of sudden cardiac death in the children of whom the family was referred to our cardiogenetics department and the diagnostic yield of these investigations.
METHODS AND RESULTS. We genetically counseled 25 consecutive, unrelated families after sudden cardiac death of a child (aged 1 to 18 years) who was disease-free during lifetime and in whose family there was no known inherited heart disease. We performed cardiac investigation (electrocardiography, exercise testing, and echocardiography) of first-degree and second-degree relatives and performed diagnosis-directed DNA analysis. Autopsy was performed in 20 case subjects. A diagnosis was identified in 14 of 25 families. In addition, we studied 10 children after aborted sudden cardiac death; in 6 of them, a diagnosis was made. Overall, in 17 of the 19 families in whom an inherited disease was diagnosed, a disease-causing mutation in either a first-degree relative or the index patient confirmed the diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS. Sudden cardiac death in children seems to be caused often by inherited cardiac diseases. Cardiac and genetic examination of relatives combined, if possible, with postmortem analysis after sudden cardiac death of a child has a high diagnostic yield (14 of 25), comparable to analysis in surviving victims of sudden cardiac death (6 of 10). Because sudden cardiac death can be prevented by timely treatment, these results warrant active family screening after unexplained sudden cardiac death of a child.
A Geographical Comparison of Prevalence of Overweight School-aged Children: The National Survey of Children's Health 2003
Authors: Tudor-Locke Catrine , Kronenfeld Jennie J. , Kim Sam S. , Benin Mary , Kuby Michael 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVES. This study presents a geographical comparison of state-specific prevalence estimates of children who are at risk of overweight and/or overweight using the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health.
METHODS. Using the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health, we computed prevalence estimates of children who are at risk of overweight and/or overweight among a nationally representative sample of 69000 children between 5 and 17 years old.
RESULTS. Overall, 36.4% of the children (39.8% of the boys and 32% of the girls) in the sample were in the combined category of at risk of overweight or overweight, representing an estimated 17 million US children. We found geographic variation at the state and the regional levels. The southeastern states, especially those west of the Appalachians and in the lower Mississippi region, had the highest prevalence of children who are at risk of overweight and/or overweight. The central Rocky Mountain states of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming had the lowest prevalence, followed by the northwestern quadrant of the lower 48 states and New England.
CONCLUSIONS. These National Survey of Children's Health data provide clinicians and public health professionals with useful data required for policy and planning related to childhood obesity at state levels. These data also serve as important baseline indicators and can be used to track changes over time.
Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Survivors of Periventricular Hemorrhagic Infarction
Authors: Bassan Haim , Limperopoulos Catherine , Visconti Karen , Mayer D. Luisa , Feldman Henry A. , Avery Lauren , Benson Carol B. , Stewart Jane , Ringer Steven A. , Soul Janet S. , Volpe Joseph J. , du Plessis Adré J. 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVES. Periventricular hemorrhagic infarction is a serious complication of germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants. Our objective was to determine the neurodevelopmental and adaptive outcomes of periventricular hemorrhagic infarction survivors and identify early cranial ultrasound predictors of adverse outcome.METHODS. We retrospectively evaluated all cranial ultrasounds of 30 premature infants with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction and assigned a cranial ultrasound–based periventricular hemorrhagic infarction severity score (range: 0–3) on the basis of whether periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (1) involved ≥2 territories, (2) was bilateral, or (3) caused midline shift. We then performed neuromotor, visual function, and developmental evaluations (Mullen Scales of Early Learning, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale). Developmental scores below 2 SD from the mean were defined as abnormal.RESULTS. Median adjusted age at evaluation was 30 months (range: 12–66 months). Eighteen subjects (60%) had abnormal muscle tone, and 7 (26%) had visual field defects. Developmental delays involved gross motor (22 [73%]), fine motor (17 [59%]), visual receptive (13 [46%]), expressive language (11 [38%]), and cognitive (14 [50%]) domains. Impairment in daily living and socialization was documented in 10 (33%) and 6 (20%) infants, respectively. Higher cranial ultrasound–based periventricular hemorrhagic infarction severity scores predicted microcephaly and abnormalities in gross motor, visual receptive, and cognitive function.CONCLUSIONS. In the current era, two thirds of periventricular hemorrhagic infarction survivors develop significant cognitive and/or motor abnormalities, whereas adaptive skills are relatively spared. Higher cranial ultrasound–based periventricular hemorrhagic infarction severity scores predict worse outcome in several modalities and may prove to be a valuable tool for prognostication.
Impact of Clinical Alerts Within an Electronic Health Record on Routine Childhood Immunization in an Urban Pediatric Population
Authors: Fiks Alexander G. , Grundmeier Robert W. , Biggs Lisa M. , Localio A. Russell , Alessandrini Evaline A. 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVES. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that clinical alerts for routine pediatric vaccinations within an electronic health record would reduce missed opportunities for vaccination and improve immunization rates for young children in an inner-city population.METHODS. A 1-year intervention study (September 1, 2004, to August 31, 2005) with historical controls was conducted in 4 urban primary care centers affiliated with an academic medical center. All children who were younger than 24 months were enrolled. Electronic health record–based clinical reminders for routine childhood vaccinations were programmed to appear prominently at every patient encounter with vaccines due. The main outcome measures were rates of captured immunization opportunities and overall immunization rates at 24 months of age.RESULTS. Immunization alerts appeared at 15928 visits during the intervention. Alert implementation was associated with increases in captured immunization opportunities from 78.2% to 90.3% at well visits and from 11.3% to 32.0% at sick visits. Adjusted up-to-date immunization rates at 24 months of age increased from 81.7% to 90.1% from the control to intervention period. Children in the intervention group also became up-to-date earlier than control patients. Patient characteristics were stable throughout the study.CONCLUSIONS. An electronic health record–based clinical alert intervention was associated with increases in captured opportunities for vaccination at both sick and well visits and significant improvements in immunization rates at 2 years of age. As electronic health records become more common in medical practice, such systems may transform immunization delivery to children.
Childhood Overweight Increases Hospital Admission Rates for Asthma
Authors: Carroll Christopher L. , Stoltz Petronella , Raykov Neviana , Smith Sharon R. , Zucker Aaron R. 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVES. Although childhood overweight has been associated with increased hospital lengths of stay for patients with asthma, the possible relationship between overweight and hospital admission for asthma has not been well studied. We hypothesized that overweight children who presented to the emergency department with asthma exacerbations were more likely to be admitted to the hospital than nonoverweight children.
METHODS. A retrospective chart review was conducted of all children who were older than 2 years and presented to the emergency department with an asthma exacerbation in calendar year 2005. Children with chronic medical conditions other than asthma were excluded. Children were classified as nonoverweight (≤95% weight-for-age percentile) or overweight (&gt;95% weight for age).
RESULTS. During the study period, there were 884 visits to the emergency department for an asthma exacerbation by 813 children; 238 (27%) were admitted to the hospital, and 33 (4%) were admitted to the ICU. Overall, hospital admission was associated with higher clinical asthma score but not with age, gender, or poverty status (as quantified as home in zip-code areas designated as “impoverished”). Overweight children (n = 202 [23%]) were significantly older (8.5 ± 4.4 vs 7.3 ± 4.3 years) and more likely to live in an impoverished area (37% vs 28%). Presenting clinical asthma score and therapeutic interventions in the emergency department were similar for overweight and nonoverweight children; however, overweight children were significantly more likely to be admitted to the hospital.
CONCLUSIONS. Overweight children who present to the emergency department with acute asthma exacerbations are significantly more likely to be admitted to the hospital than nonoverweight children. This identifies an important area in which childhood overweight has a significant impact on the health of children with asthma.
Motor and Executive Function at 6 Years of Age After Extremely Preterm Birth
Authors: Marlow Neil , Hennessy Enid M. , Bracewell Melanie A. , Wolke Dieter ,   for the EPICure Study Group
Published: October 2007

BACKGROUND. Studies of very preterm infants have demonstrated impairments in multiple neurocognitive domains. We hypothesized that neuromotor and executive-function deficits may independently contribute to school failure.METHODS. We studied children who were born at ≤25 completed weeks' gestation in the United Kingdom and Ireland in 1995 at early school age. Children underwent standardized cognitive and neuromotor assessments, including the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children and NEPSY, and a teacher-based assessment of academic achievement.RESULTS. Of 308 surviving children, 241 (78%) were assessed at a median age of 6 years 4 months. Compared with 160 term classmates, 180 extremely preterm children without cerebral palsy and attending mainstream school performed less well on 3 simple motor tasks: posting coins, heel walking, and 1-leg standing. They more frequently had non–right-hand preferences (28% vs 10%) and more associated/overflow movements during motor tasks. Standardized scores for visuospatial and sensorimotor function performance differed from classmates by 1.6 and 1.1 SDs of the classmates' scores, respectively. These differences attenuated but remained significant after controlling for overall cognitive scores. Cognitive, visuospatial scores, and motor scores explained 54% of the variance in teachers' ratings of performance in the whole set; in the extremely preterm group, additional variance was explained by attention-executive tasks and gender.CONCLUSIONS. Impairment of motor, visuospatial, and sensorimotor function, including planning, self-regulation, inhibition, and motor persistence, contributes excess morbidity over cognitive impairment in extremely preterm children and contributes independently to poor classroom performance at 6 years of age.
Down Syndrome: A Novel Risk Factor for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis— A Prospective Birth-Cohort Study
Authors: Bloemers Beatrijs L.P. , van Furth A. Marceline , Weijerman Michel E. , Gemke Reinoud J.B.J. , Broers Chantal J.M. , van den Ende Kimberly , Kimpen Jan L.L. , Strengers Jan L.M. , Bont Louis J. 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVES. Respiratory syncytial virus is the single-most important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. Preterm birth and congenital heart disease are known risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infections. Although Down syndrome is associated with a high risk of respiratory tract infections, little is known about the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infections in this group. The aim of our study was to determine the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection–associated hospitalization among children with Down syndrome.PATIENTS AND METHODS. We performed a retrospective observational study and a prospective nationwide birth-cohort study of children with Down syndrome. The retrospective cohort comprised 176 children with Down syndrome. A birth cohort of 219 children with Down syndrome was prospectively followed until 2 years of age. All 276 siblings of the birth cohort were used as controls.RESULTS. Of the 395 patients with Down syndrome, 180 (45.6%) had a known risk factor for severe respiratory syncytial virus infections; 39 (9.9%) of these were hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections. Two control children (0.7%) versus 9 term children with Down syndrome without congenital heart disease (7.6%) were hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections. The median duration of hospitalization was 10 days; mechanical ventilation was required for 5 children (12.8%).CONCLUSIONS. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to demonstrate that Down syndrome is a novel independent risk factor for severe respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections. These findings should prompt studies to investigate possible mechanisms that underlie severe respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections in children with Down syndrome. The effect of respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in this specific population needs to be established.
Disease Progression in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome: Impact on Growth and Development
Authors: Gordon Leslie B. , McCarten Kathleen M. , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Machan Jason T. , Campbell Susan E. , Berns Scott D. , Kieran Mark W. 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVES. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a rare and uniformly fatal segmental “premature aging” disease that affects a variety of organ systems. We sought to more clearly define the bone and weight abnormalities in patients with progeria as potential outcome parameters for prospective clinical trials.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. We collected and analyzed longitudinal medical information, both retrospectively and prospectively, from a total of 41 children with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome spanning 14 countries, from the Progeria Research Foundation Medical and Research Database at the Brown University Center for Gerontology.
RESULTS. In addition to a number of previously well-defined phenotypic findings in children with progeria, this study identified abnormalities in the eruption of secondary incisors lingually and palatally in the mandible and maxilla, respectively. Although bony structures appeared normal in early infancy, clavicular resorption, coxa valga, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, modeling abnormalities of long bones with slender diaphyses, flared metaphyses, and overgrown epiphyses developed. Long bones showed normal cortical thickness centrally and progressive focal demineralization peripherally. The most striking finding identified in the retrospective data set of 35 children was an average weight increase of only 0.44 kg/year, beginning at ∼24 months of age and persisting through life, with remarkable intrapatient linearity. This rate is &gt;2 SD below normal weight gain for any corresponding age and sharply contrasts with the parabolic growth pattern for normal age- and gender-matched children. This finding was also confirmed prospectively.
CONCLUSIONS. Our analysis shows evidence of a newly identified abnormal growth pattern for children with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. The skeletal and dental findings are suggestive of a developmental dysplasia rather than a classical aging process. The presence of decreased and linear weight gain, maintained in all of the patients after the age of 2 years, provides the ideal parameter on which altered disease status can be assessed in clinical trials.
Influence of Organic Fertilizer Source on Fatty Acid Composition of Zooplankton and Sunshine Bass Fingerlings
Authors: Lane Ryan L , Kohler Christopher C 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
We evaluated the influence of three organic fertilizers—cottonseed meal, ground rice bran, and ground flaxseed—on the fatty acid composition of zooplankton and fingerling sunshine bass (female white bass Morone chrysops × male striped bass M. saxatilis). Flaxseed contains about 10-fold greater lipid and percent α-linolenic acid (18:3[n-3]); values relative to the other two organic fertilizers. Five 0.04-ha nursery ponds were randomly selected per treatment; 5 d before fish stocking (4 d posthatch; 150,000 fish/ha) and again at day 20 poststocking, ponds were individually fertilized at a rate of 350 kg/ha. After 27 d of culture, zooplankton in the flaxseed treatment contained significantly more 18:3(n-3) than those in the other fertilizer treatments (10.5% versus ∼7.0%). Likewise, after 40 d of culture, sunshine bass fingerlings reared in ponds fertilized with flaxseed possessed almost twofold higher 18:3(n-3) (10.7%) than those reared in rice bran (4.7%) and cottonseed (5.8%) treatment ponds. Fish reared in cottonseed meal ponds, however, possessed the highest mean weight (8.2 g versus 6.0 g for flaxseed ponds and 4.8 g for rice bran ponds). We provide evidence that fatty acid composition of organic fertilizers, specifically 18:3(n-3), significantly influences fatty acid composition of resident zooplankton and sunshine bass fingerlings in nursery ponds.
Hook Shedding and Mortality of Deeply Hooked Brook Trout Caught with Bait on Barbed and Barbless Hooks
Authors: DuBois Robert B. , Pleski Julie M. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
We compared hook shedding rates, mortality, and bleeding of cultured brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis subjected to intentional deep hooking on size-6 barbed or barbless single hooks (with line cutting) baited with leaf worms Lumbricus rubellus. Hook shedding at the end of the 6-week holding period averaged 20% and did not differ between hook types. Neither immediate mortality (average = 12.5%) nor mortality after 5 d (average = 20%) differed between hook types. Although we cannot demonstrate a survival advantage for cultured brook trout that were baitfished with barbless hooks over those caught on barbed hooks, we did find that significantly less bleeding was caused by barbless hooks. Further research examining whether the use of barbless hooks results in increased survival of wild brook trout or other trout species under different fishing conditions is warranted.
“Bumping Into Spicy, Tasty Words That Catch Your Tongue”: A Formative Experiment on Vocabulary Instruction
Authors: Baumann James F. , Ware Donna , Edwards Elizabeth Carr 
Published: October 2007

A yearlong formative experiment explored the impact of a comprehensive vocabulary instruction program in a diverse, fifth‐grade classroom. The classroom teacher and two university collaboratorsprovided rich language experiencestaught individual wordstaught word‐learning strategiespromoted word conscientiousnessResults revealed that students' vocabulary grew across the academic year and that they identified and used more challenging words, developed an interest in and positive attitude toward vocabulary, and applied vocabulary strategies independently. Instructional procedures are provided for each component.
Using Picture Books to Provide Archetypes to Young Boys: Extending the Ideas of William Brozo
Authors: Zambo Debby 
Published: October 2007

In his book To Be a Boy, To Be a Reader: Engaging Teen and Preteen Boys in Active Literacy, William Brozo suggested that many adolescent boys have become mentally and academically detached from school. While Brozo acknowledges that a solution to these problems is multifaceted, he asserts that engaging boys in literature that makes use of archetypes can contribute to their resolution.This article extends Brozo's ideas to boys in the years before adolescence. If educators wait until the middle grades to engage boys in literacy and books, they risk losing many to the detachment Brozo describes. Boys can and should be introduced to archetypes earlier, and this can be accomplished with picture books. The author presents a list of picture books arranged by archetype, along with strategies for creating boy‐friendly classrooms.
Sandface Completion for a Shallow Laminated Gas Pay With High Fines Content
Authors: Hadfield Neil S. , Terwogt Jan H. , Van Kranenburg Aart A. , Salahudin Sharifudin , King Kimberly 
Published: October 2007

Summary
The Shallow Clastics field operated by Sarawak Shell primarily targets two shallow gas-bearing reservoirs, H1 and H2, at approximately 2,650 ft true vertical depth (TVD). An appraisal, early-producer well was drilled with a deviated wellbore through the H1/H2 targets, and a completion design consisting of a cased, perforated, and commingled completion inside 9⅝-in. casing was implemented. The sandface-completion design consisted of a large-outside-diameter (OD) expandable sand screen with a 150 μ-weave opening across the two zones. Upon completion, the reservoirs were cleaned up through a temporary well-cleanup and test-facility to test productivity and evaluate the integrity of the downhole sand-exclusion installation. Fines production, possibly caused by a failure of the expandable screens, steadily increased to the extent that the well was deemed unproducible to the facilities.
A re-evaluation of the sand-exclusion method that included more extensive core analysis and the types of wells that would be suitable for development of the H1/H2 reservoirs was initiated. From this review, the operator and a service/engineering company were able to develop an innovative sand-exclusion method that combined several new technologies.
To date, four wells have been completed with the new sand-exclusion method and well configuration chosen to address the completion needs. These have been tested and, to date, have proved to be operating satisfactorily. This paper will review the evaluation that led to the revised sandface-completion design, the field implementation of the design, and the key installation success factors that were required. Results and a summary of best practices from the initial installations also will be summarized.