bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyposensitization
Authors: Frostad A. B. , Grimmer Ø , Sandvik L. , Aas K. 
Published: May 2007

Most extracts used in hyposensitization (immunotherapy) are complex and ill‐denned mixtures of a large number of non‐antigenic and antigenic components, only a few of the latter being of significance for allergy and allergen specific immunotherapy. A new purified and well‐characterized allergen preparation from timothy pollen is now available, and it has been shown to be superior to the corresponding crude aqueous extract in the diagnosis of IgE‐mediated human allergy to timothy pollen.This paper describes the results of hyposensitization for 2 years, with the purified preparation and the crude extract compared. The changes in in vivo and in vitro tests Following this treatment in 40 patients with allergic rhinitis due to grass pollen are reported.Both patient groups showed a significant decrease in clinical symptom scores when compared with a control group during the grass pollen season. For all groups the symptom scores correlated well with atmospheric pollen counts. Nasal challenge tests showed a significant increase in nasal tolerance to timothy pollen after 2 years of treatment, but nasal tolerance was unchanged in the control group. Nasal function as a criterion for evaluating the effect of specific hyposensitization is discussed.Serum concentrations of timothy pollen‐specific IgE antibodies showed a significant decrease for the group treated with the purified preparation and a slighter and non‐significant reduction for the other treated group. There was no significant change in total serum IgE levels.The results indicate that the purified preparation is preferable to the crude aqueous extract in hyposensitization.
Usefulness of Measurement of Antibodies in Serum in Diagnosis of Sensitivity to Cow Milk and Soy Proteins in Early Childhood
Authors: May C. D. , Remigio L. , Bock S. A. 
Published: May 2007

A noteworthy feature of this study is that comparisons were made between specific, sensitive, quantitative measurements of serum antibodies to food proteins and objective appraisal of clinical manifestations buy double‐blind food challenges. Over 50 children, 4–30 months of age, with suspicious histories of adverse reactions to cow milk or soy products were investigated. Levels of serum antibodies to cow‐milk proteins were clearly higher in children with adverse reactions to milk, confirmed by blind challenge; there was no overlap with the lower levels of serum antibodies in children without confirmed reactions. Findings with serial determinations of serum antibodies to cow milk in selected cases are also presented.The levels of serum antibodies evoked by cow milk and soy formulae fed from birth until 4 months of age were similar. The levels of serum antibodies to soy protein in children with and without adverse reactions to soy products were not definitive.The bearing of these data on the comparative “antigenicity” of cow milk and soy products and the distinction between asymptomatic and clinically significant, symptomatic, sensitivity are discussed.
Hyposensitization in Childhood Hay Fever
Authors: Kjellman N.‐I. M. , Lanner A. 
Published: May 2007

Thirty‐six children with well‐defined criteria for hay fever (mean age 8 and range 4–15 years) were allocated at random for hyposensitization (HS) with a refined (R) or whole (W) timothy pollen extract during 3–4 years. HS was performed as rush HS with the patients hospitalized for about 1 week and thereafter with monthly injections. Scores for symptoms and antihistamine use were recorded during the season before HS and all seasons during HS. Skin and conjunctival tests were made at the start of HS and postseasonally. Blood samples for IgE and IgG measurements were drawn before and during rush HS and pre– and postseasonally each year.The R‐group patients tolerated a higher allergen dose at the end of the rush HS than the W‐group ones. They also demonstrated a higher, significant increase in total and specific IgE levels within 7 days and specific IgG levels within 60 clays after the start of HS. In both groups postseasonal increases in total and specific IgE levels were seen. The IgG levels increased successively during the treatment. The most remarkable difference between the groups was in scores for symptoms and antihistamine use, which in group R decreased significantly while they increased significantly in group W.Based on these data we recommended that HS, if indicated, should be performed with purified allergen extracts.
Comparison of the Clinical Effect of Ketotifen and DSCG in Pollen‐Induced Childhood Asthma
Authors: Graff‐Lonnevig Viggo , Kusoffsky Eric 
Published: May 2007

Thirty‐six children with a mean age of 8.9 years were studied with respect to the prophylactic effect and tolerance of kelotifen in comparison with disodium cromoglycate.All had a verified deciduous tree pollen‐induced asthma.The children were stratified into two matched groups and the double‐blind technique was used. The study was performed during the whole deciduous tree pollen season. Daily pollen counts were performed during the whole observation period as well as daily registrations of allergic symptoms, additional medication and pulmonary expiratory flow. No significant differences were found between the two substances tested. No adverse reactions or side effects were noted.
Levels of Complement Factors in Human Serum during Immediate and Late Asthmatic Reactions and during Acute Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Authors: Baur X. , Dorsch W. , Becker T. 
Published: May 2007

In 16 asthmatic patients and in four subjects suspected of having hypersensitivity pneumonitis, serum levels of CH50, C3, C4, C5 and factor B were measured before, between 10 and 20 min, between 5 and 7 h and, in the latter group, also 24 h after allergen challenges provoking type I bronchial reactions or acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis.There was a significant decrease in one of the complement factors in two patients during the immediate asthmatic phase, but in no patient during the late asthmatic phase and in no patient with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. On the other hand, significant increases of C3, C4, and/or CH50 were seen in five patients during immediate asthmatic reactions, in seven patients during late asthmatic reactions and in all cases with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. However, with respect to the particular complement factors the vast majority of the patients showed no appreciable change. Investigations of C3 split products, which were done in seven patients gave negative results. No correlations existed between the changes in the levels of complement factors to increases of Raw, decreases of DLCO, size of skin test reactions or RAST scores.The cause and pathophysiological role of the non‐uniform behaviour of serum complement levels after inhalation challenges is not yet clear; obviously both consumption and formation of complement factors take place during allergen‐induced asthmatic reactions and hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Human Leukocyte Histamine Release Assays with Whole Ragweed and Alternaria Antigens Using Technicon Autoanalyzer II
Authors: Reinders Evan J. , Chiu Hui Chong , Yoo T. J. 
Published: May 2007

A simple and commercially available automated technique for fluorometric analysis of histamine is described. It is applicable to histamine release experiments utilizing washed leukocytes, and analyzes 15 samples/h at histamine concentrations between 1 and 1000 ng/ml with a mean variance between 0.5% and 18%.This technique is applied to a cross sectional study of leukocytes from 14 ragweed sensitive patients (7 on and 7 off immunotherapy) as well as five normals. It was also applied to 17 Alternaria‐sensitive patients (4 on and 12 off immunotherapy) in addition to six normals. While antigen induced in histamine release clearly separated the sensitive group from the normals, it did not correlate with immunotherapy, and a considerable variation was seen in the sensitive patients of both the treated and untreated groups.
Cutaneous Responses to Allergen after Local Pretreatment with Beta‐Adrenoceptor Stimulating and Blocking Agents
Authors: Grönneberg Reidar , Strandberg Kjell , Hägermark ÖSten 
Published: May 2007

β‐Adrenoceptor stimulating agents possess anti‐allergic effects in vitro and in vivo. To study the mechanism of action further we compared in 10 atopic subjects the effects on allergen‐induced cutaneous reactions of intradermally (i.d.) injected prenalterol (1–10 μg) terbutaline (2.5‐250 ng) and KWD 2131 (100ng‐2.5 μg), i.e. compounds with preferential actions on β1‐, β2, ‐adrenoceptors and on β‐adrenoceptors not fitting this classification. All injections were given according to a double‐blind design. Terbutaline and KWD 2131 produced a dose‐dependent inhibition of the skin reactions induced by injecting horse dander allergen 5 min later. Terbutaline was about 20 times as potent as KWD 2131 whereas prenalterol was inactive. Propranolol fully blocked the anti‐allergic effect produced by terbutaline.The results suggest that the cutaneous anti‐allergic effect of β‐adrenoceptor‐stimulating drugs is mediated via activation of β2‐adrenoceptors, possibly on the mast cell, resulting in inhibition of mediator release.
Immunotherapy in Hay Fever with Two Major Allergens 19, 25 and Partially Purified Extract of Timothy Grass Pollen
Authors: øSterballe Ole 
Published: May 2007

Forty grass pollen hay fever patients were randomly divided into two equal groups and treated from January 1978 with different timothy grass pollen extracts: whole pollen allergens (WPA) (Alutard® SQ), a partially purified extract and purified pollen allergens (PPA) consisting of the major allergens 19, 25. The effect was evaluated by symptom scores in grass pollen season 1, 1978, and titrated thresholds of skin prick test (SPT) and nasal provocation test (NFT) with extracts WPA, PPA, and FGM (five‐grass mixture).Extracts were biologically standardized in the HEP (histamine equivalent prick) system (1 HEP = 1,000 biological units (BU)/ml) and used in concentrations of 0.01‐0.1‐1.0‐10 HEP for tests and treatment. The extracts for treatment were attached to Al (OH)3. Extracts from the same batch were used throughout the investigation.The two patient groups, WPA and PPA, were comparable us regards age, sex, total dosage (range 2,187–73,887 BU) and frequency of side effects. Fewer symptoms (P=0.0001) were observed with WPA than with PPA. Titrated threshold increase showed a treatment efficacy of 70–100% in SPT compared with 15–65% in NPT and tended to show higher protection after treatment with WPA titan PPA hut equal protection against WPA and FGM, in accordance with common allergens in various grass pollen. In SPT with WPA the threshold increase was correlated (P<0.05) to symptom scores.Frequency of major (urticaria, angioedema, asthma) general side effects was positively correlated (P0.05) to pretreatment NPT thresholds below 1 HEP and standard dosage at 1 HEP or more, but tended to a negative correlation with local side effects.All local and general side effects first appeared 1–5h after injection and a more careful dosage pattern than standard is recommendable at maximum concentration, 10 HEP, and also with extracts 1 HEP at pretreatment NPT thresholds below 1 HEP.
Evaluation of the Bronchodilating and Antiallergic Properties of a Beta‐Adrenoceptor Stimulant, KWD 2131, in Asthmatic Patients*
Authors: Pegelow Kjell‐Orvar , Strandberg Kjell 
Published: May 2007

KWD 2131 (1‐(3,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐(1,1dimethyl‐2‐hydroxyethyl‐amino/ethanol sulphate) is a β‐adrenoceptor stimulating compound that has been shown to be equipotent to terbutaline with regard to inhibition of anaphylactic histamine release from guinea pig lung tissue but less potent than terbutaline as a cardioaccelerator in this species. In the present study KWD 2131 was found to be about 5–10 times less potent than terbutaline as a cardioaccelerator, tremorogenic and bronchodilator agent on subcutaneous (s.c.) injection in man. S.c. injection of KWD 2131 in a subthreshold dose for bronchodilatation, i.e. 0.3 mg or 0.6 mg, given prior to a bronchial provocation test with specific allergen had no protective effect on the changes in specific airway conductance and peak expiratory flow in a double‐blind cross‐over study in 12 patients with allergic asthma.It is concluded that KWD 2131 probably has a less selective antiallergic activity in man as compared to guinea pig and that the methodology employed for the evaluation is useful for the characterization of antiallergic drugs with bronchodilator properties.
Atopic Disease and Pediatric Ambulatory Care
Authors: Kjellman Bengt , Pettersson Rolf 
Published: May 2007

This prospective study, concerning ambulatory pediatric cure in a Swedish county during a 1–year period shows that 24% of nil visits to pediatric reception centres were due to atopic diseases. Atopy answered for a large proportion of the visits to all of the live pediatric centres whether they were located at a hospital or at a health centre. Hyposensitization answered for 59% of the visits for atopy, asthma for 39% and allergic rhinoconjuctivitis for 50%.The geographical accessibility of the pediatric reception centre influenced the frequency of visits due to diseases other than atopy but not visits due to atopy. Whether the children lived in a community with a pediatric centre or not made little difference to frequency of attendance. This is probably due to intensive informal ion about atopic diseases in children addressed to the parents in the county.The balance between centralization and decentralization of an organization for ambulatory care of a topic children is discussed.
A New Inhalation Technique for Freon Aerosols
Authors: Eriksson N. E. , Haglind K. , Hidinger K. G. 
Published: May 2007

In a double‐blind, cross‐over, 2‐day study 32 adult asthmatic patients compared the bronchodilating effect of 0.5 mg terbutaline sulphate aerosol, administered via a 10 cm tube extension attached to the actuator of a pressurized aerosol, with that of 0.2 mg salbutamol sulphate, administered by a conventional pressurized aerosol. New instructions for the inhalation technique were given for the terbutaline aerosol, dividing the actuation of the aerosol and the slow inhalation into two steps. The salbutamol aerosol was to be taken according to the instructions enclosed, i.e. coordinating the actuation of the aerosol and the inhalation.The improvement in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)values was similar for the two treatments. Subjective assessments by the patients showed no differences between the two regimens.As the effect seems to be equal, an aerosol actuator furnished with a tube extension, with no strict demands of synchronizing the actuation of the aerosol and the inhalation, could be a suitable alternative treatment in patients who find self‐administration with conventional asthma aerosols difficult.
IgE Antibodies to Bacteria in Patients with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Pauwels Romain , Verschraegen Gerda , Van Der Straeten Marcel 
Published: May 2007

Bacterial respiratory infections, especially with Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, are frequently associated with an increase of airways obstruction in patients with bronchial asthma. The possible involvement of immediate hypersensitivity in this phenomenon was studied. IgE antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae (HI) and Streptococcus pheumoniae (SPn) were investigated in the serum of 190 adult patients with bronchial asthma. The IgE antibodies were measured using a solid phase radioimmunoassay method. Living bacteria were used as solid phase. A correction of the non‐specific binding of IgE was necessary. IgE antibodies to one or both bacteria were present in 55 of the 190 patients (29%).Eighteen patients were sensitive to HI, 33 to SPn and four to both bacteria. Significantly more IgE antibodies to bacteria were found in patients with demonstrable IgE antibodies to various inhalant allergens. However, the IgE antibodies to one or both bacteria were also present in 22% of patients with no other demonstrable IgE mediated hypersensitivity. The total serum IgE level in patients with IgE antibodies to bacteria was not significantly higher than in patients without hypersensitivity to these bacteria. From these data we concluded that immediate hypersensitivity to bacteria may play a role in the infectious exacerbations of bronchial asthma.
Relationship of Allergen‐Specific IgE Antibodies, Skin Prick Tests and Allergic Disorders in Unselected Adolescents
Authors: Haahtela Tari , Jaakonmäki Ilmari 
Published: May 2007

The relationship between serum levels of allergen‐specific IgE (RAST) and skin prick test reactivity and allergic disorders was evaluated in 137 subjects randomly selected from an adolescent population. AH subjects were prick tested with six common allergens, interviewed and physically examined. In addition, serum was collected for RAST analysis with three to six allergens. At least one positive RAST result (score 1–4) was observed in 40% and at least two positive RASTs in 22% of the subjects. Boys experienced more RAST reactions and generally with higher scores than girls. For instance, 26% of boys but only 11% of girls were RAST positive to timothy grass pollen.The correlation between prick test and RAST results was better with pollens than with house dust and animal epithelia. When the test results were discordant, the skin test was usually positive and RAST negative. Many of the small skin reactions (weal diameter 3–4 mm) were accompanied by a negative RAST.Respiratory allergy was closely connected with both positive skin test and RAST reactivity, while atopic dermatitis was less related. In 17% of the adolescents positive skin tests and in 14% positive RASTs occurred in the absence of any allergic symptom. We conclude that a positive RAST score 3–4 to inhaled allergens is a strong indicator of clinical allergy but low scores 1–2 are frequendy found in healthy young people.
Grass Pollen Hyposensitization versus Placebo Therapy
Authors: Weyer A. , Doinel C. , Debbia M. , L'Heritier C. , Rivat L. , Mao J. Le , Hirth C. , David B. 
Published: May 2007

This study presents the pre‐ and post‐treatment levels of specific IgE and IgG and of total IgE in the sera of two groups of grass pollen‐sensitive patients, one receiving placebo injection (16 patients), the other being treated by repeated doses of a four‐grass pollen extract (17 patients).Total and specific IgE were evaluated by the radioimmunological methods based on the IgE‐anti‐IgE interaction. IgG specific to the pollen extract was determined by a radioimmunoassay measuring protein‐A bound pollen‐specific antibodies (IgG). The whole immunoglobulin content specific to the allergen was quantified by a haemagglutination technique.During the treatment period, the relative variations of total IgE, and specific IgE and IgG levels are significantly different in placebo‐ and pollen‐treated groups: 1) for total and specific IgE, were observed a relative decrease in the placebo group, and stable levels in the treated group; 2) for IgG, the level was stable in the placebo group and a relative increase was seen in the treated group.For most of the patients the specific serum IgE and IgG levels were determined also after the pollen season consecutive to the treatment. During the pollen season, the placebo group is characterized by an increase in specific IgE concentrations and stable IgG levels. The hyposensitized patients showed stable levels of specific IgE and a decrease in specific IgG during the same period.There is a significant correlation between the levels of specific haemagglutination litres and the IgG levels. After the treatment period the haemagglutination litre is significantly lower in the placebo‐treated patients than in the pollen‐treated ones.A significant positive correlation exists between the levels of specific IgE and IgG before and after treaiment, for the 33 patients. Moreover, during hyposensitization, the relative variations of specific IgE and IgG are highly correlated in the treated group only.No significant correlation at the P < 0.05 level is observed between the clinical scores and the levels of the different biological parameters.
Effect of Terbutaline on Cutaneous Responses in Man to Rechallenge with Allergen and Compound 48/80
Authors: Grönneberg Reidar , Strandberg Kjell 
Published: May 2007

Beta‐adrenoceptor stimulating agents possess anti‐allergic effects in vitro and in vivo. To study the site of action further 15 atopic subjects were pretreated with 1 μg terbutaline injected intradermally (i.d.) followed by allergen challenge. Other skin sites challenged without such pretreatment served as controls. At different time intervals the skin was rechallenged with the same allergen, dissimilar allergen, or the histamine liberating agent, compound 48/80. In addition terbutaline was injected i.d. alone followed by allergen challenge at different time intervals to determine the duration of the anti‐allergic effect.Pretreatment of the skin with 1 μ‐g terbutaline inhibited skin reactions to subsequently injected allergen with approximately 80% (flare) and 60% (wheal) (P < 0.001) as compared with control. The inhibitory effect of terbutaline on the wheal and flare response to allergen was found to last up to 8 h (P < 0.01). Rechallenge with the same allergen or a dissimilar challenging agent resulted in a reduced skin reaction compared with control challenge (P < 0.01). Skin challenged with allergen in the presence of terbutaline gave a diminished response on rechallenge with the same allergen 24 h later, whereas rechallenge with an unrelated allergen or compound 48/80 produced a response similar to that of the control. The results suggest that allergen challenge in the presence (or absence) of terbutaline desensitizes the mast cells to further challenge with the same allergen and that terbutaline is capable of preventing mediator depletion of skin mast cells.
Asthma in Danish General Practice
Authors: Pedersen Poul A. , Weeke Eva Rung 
Published: May 2007

This study from Danish general practice with the participation of 131 practices covering a population of 450, 000 persons assesses all consultations concerning asthma during a 1‐year period from June 1977.Asthma was defined as paroxysmal bouts of dyspnoea of an expiratory type.Results are presented from three groups of practices differing in their self‐estimated rate of reporting. A total of seven to nine per 1000 of the population contacted a general practice during the study year (men: 7–10, women: 6–8). The prevalence may be described by a two‐peaked curve with maxima at ages 5–14 years and 50–70 years. In the former group the prevalence rate among boys is double that of girls. In the latter group asthma is more common among women until the age of 55, after that age it is more common among men. More than half of the patients consulted with symptoms during the study year. The isle of Fyn had a lower prevalence rate with and without symptoms than all other regions.The consultation rate was 5.7 per asthma patient per year. In about 25–30% of these consultations patients presented with symptoms. The isle of Fyn had the lowest consultation rate.