bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Solid and Liquid Red California Vermicompost (Eisenia foetida) on Lactuca sativa var. crispa L
Authors: ÖZBUCAK Tuğba , ALAN Hülya 
Published: March 2024

In this study, the effects of different doses and applications of vermicompost formed by composting cow manure with Red California Worm Eisenia fetida (Lumbricidae) on the growth, development, and pesticide resistance of L. sativa var. crispa (Lettuce) was tried to be determined. Vermicompost was applied in solid and liquid form at rates 10%, 20% and 30%. The leaf length, leaf width, chlorophyll amount (SPAD), number of marketable leaves, number of discarded leaves, leaf pH, leaf nitrogen content and pesticide residue analyze were examined in plant samples. In addition, texture, pH, organic matter, EC, total N, P, K, Mg and Ca analyzes were made in the soil samples and vermicompost used in the study.
According to the statistical analysis results of the study, it was determined that all results except leaf pH, the number of discarded leaves and pesticide residue analyzes were statistically significant in terms of vermicompost type and dose. In all the parameters studied, solid vermicompost application have higher results than both the control and commercial liquid vermicompost. The highest leaf length and width values were determined at 20% dose of solid vermicompost, while chlorophyll amount and leaf nitrogen values were determined at 30% dose. The number of marketable leaves was the same in all doses of solid vermicompost application. However, it was no found statistically significant difference in pesticide residue analyzes in terms of vermicompost types, dose amounts and vermicompost type-dose interactions. The fungicide residue levels were above MRL (Maximum residue limits) in all studied samples.
Practical Lab Manual of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry - II, B. Pharm 3rd Semester (As Per PCI Syllabus)
Authors: Dwivedi Dr. Shivendra Kumar 
Published: March 2024

This book having the "Practical Lab Manual of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry - II (Organic Chemistry - II)" as per PCI regulation, written with an intention to benefit the B. Pharma students for easy understanding.
In Pharmaceutical Chemistry it is very important to have a sensitive, accurate, precise, and selective methods of synthesis and characterization for crude drugs. A sincere attempt has been made to prepare the content simple, concise, and easy to understand. The content of each experiment is further arranged conceptually and logically to maintain the flow of information.
The present handbook could be beneficial not only to the pharmacy students, but it could be helpful to other chemistry-related courses also. We hope that students and teachers of pharmacy as well as pharmaceutical chemistry synthesis in the pharmaceutical industry find this book very useful. Particularly this book includes PCI new syllabus for B. Pharmacy (3rd Semester) students to carry out the experiments of Organic Chemistry - II.
A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry (As Per New PCI Syllabus) for B. Pharmacy, Ist Semester
Authors: Nagar Dr. Akhil , Bendale Dr. Atul , Ugale Dr. Vinod , Kakade Dr. Rajanikant 
Published: March 2024

Pharmaceutical inorganic chemistry is considered to be one of the fundamental subjects of B. Pharmacy curriculum of Indian universities. Our several years of experience in teaching pharmaceutical chemistry have motivated us to write this textbook. This is an effort to engage students with the working knowledge of inorganic chemistry principles, nature and transformation of materials and their applications to pharmaceutical development.
This book has been written strictly in accordance with the current syllabus prescribed by Pharmacy Council of India, for B. pharmacy students. Keeping in view the needs and interests, this book has been written to cover all the topics in an easy-to-understand way.
This book has been divided into eight units covering the complete syllabus of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry. The key feature of this book includes a simple and holistic approach with illustrations and tables.
MCQs in Pharmacology (For Undergraduate & Postgraduate Students)
Authors: Mehta Dr. Maulin 
Published: March 2024

Highlights

Covers a wide spectrum of topics in Pharmacology – an important subject of MBBS curriculum.
MCQ format – A promising tool for exam preparations.
Student-friendly.
Extremely useful to MBBS, and PG students for quick revision of the subject.
A perfect handbook for self-assessment.
Exam-oriented.
Easy readability and easy to revise.
Effects of Two Remineralizing agents in Combination with Er:YAG and CO2 Laser Irradiation on Microhardness of Demineralized Enamel: A Preliminary In Vitro Study
Authors: Mapar Mehran , Gholizadeh Sara , Moalemnia Mina 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: This study assessed the effects of two remineralizing agents namely MI Paste Plus containing casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACFP) and Remin Pro containing hydroxyapatite, fluoride and xylitol (HFX) with/without erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) and CO2 laser irradiation on demineralized enamel microhardness.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 70 sound human premolars were mesiodistally sectioned, demineralized at a pH of 4.6 for 8 hours, and randomly divided into 7 remineralization groups (n=10): of (I) MI Paste Plus (CPP-ACFP), (II) Remin Pro (HFX), (III) MI Paste Plus+CO2 laser (0.7 W power, 50 Hz), (IV) Remin Pro+CO2 laser, (V) MI Paste Plus+Er:YAG laser (1 W power, 10 Hz), (VI) Remin Pro+Er:YAG laser, and (VII) negative control. The Vickers hardness number of specimens was then measured. The groups were compared by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05).
Results: The mean microhardness was 319.8±49.9, 325.3±44.6, 359.4±35.7, 296.4±33.7, 319.9±58.1, 358.9±28.4, and 240.0±41.6 kg/mm2 in groups 1 to 7, respectively. The difference in microhardness was significant among the groups (P<0.0001). Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences in microhardness between all groups (P≤0.03) except between groups 1 and 2, 1 and 5, 2 and 5, and 3 and 6 (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Both Remin Pro (containing HFX) and MI Paste Plus (containing CPP-ACFP) can cause enamel remineralization. MI Paste Plus+CO2 laser irradiation and Remin Pro+Er:YAG laser irradiation were significantly more effective than the application of each remineralizing agent alone.
Alpha-Pinene and Tannic Acid Inhibit Trichomonas vaginalis Protozoan Cells by Inducing Apoptosis
Authors: Moradi Masoumeh , Dastan Dara , Fallah Mohammad , Nahanji Manizhe Kashi , Matini Mohammad 
Published: March 2024

Background: Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. The growing concern of drug resistance of this infection has cautioned the need for new drug development. We evaluated the potential antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of α-pinene and tannic acid (TA) on Trichomonas vaginalis cells. In addition, the cytotoxicity of agents on Vero cells was investigated.
Methods: Trichomonas cells were axenically cultured in TYI-S-33 medium. In vitro antiproliferative activity of α-pinene, TA, and metronidazole was investigated against Trichomonas cells. The assays were carried out in triplicate using microtiter plate and trypan blue staining method. Annexin V/PI staining with flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis induction. In addition, the cytotoxic effect was measured by MTT assay.
Results: α-Pinene and TA exhibited significant inhibition of the Trichomonas cells and the lowest IC50 values were 22.9 µg/ml and 140 µg/ml at 48 hours’ incubation, respectively. The CC50 was found at 116 μg/ml for α-pinene and 473 μg/ml for TA, after 48 hours of treatment. The flow cytometry study demonstrated that the natural compounds induced apoptosis in Trichomonas cells. After 24 hours of treatment, the induction of apoptosis was 5.2% - 36.6% at concentrations of 3.9 - 62.5 μg/ml for α-pinene and TA induced-apoptosis was 6.1% - 53.8% at concentrations of 125-2000 μg/ml.
Conclusion: Although the results show the antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of α-pinene and TA on Trichomonas cells, in vivo studies are needed to further clarify the effects of these compounds.
Reviewing School District and Caregiver Engagement: Toward Building Capacity to Serve English Learners
Authors: Howell Emily , Kaminski Rebecca , Pirolla Tobi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The authors conducted a comprehensive literature review of school district partnerships with caregivers of ELs to inform this project design. This literature review addresses the following research question: What are the needs of caregivers of ELs in K-12 schools, and how are school partnerships supporting these caregivers? This literature review will address these gaps and overcoming EL caregiver underrepresentation by discussing seven focused and three theoretical codes drawn from a comprehensive review of 21 articles.
Keywords: English Learner, caregiver, school districts, partnerships
Integrated anti-electronics for positron annihilation spectroscopy
Authors: Guatieri Francesco 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Imaging the features of a sample using Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy (PAS) is currently achieved by rastering, i.e. by scanning the sample surface with a sharply focused positron beam. However, a beam of arbitrary shape (sculpted beam) would allow the application of more versatile single-pixel imaging (SPI) techniques. I introduce the design of a microelectronic device employing a 2D array of Zener diodes as an active positron moderator, capable of sculpting positron beams with 6µm resolution. The re-emitted positrons are accelerated towards the sample through a miniaturised electrostatic lens system and reaching 100nm resolution. The fast switch-on (90ps) and switch-off (250ps) time of the device would enable state-of-the-art positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and PAS imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution.
Fast Tracking and Detection of Organic Matter in an Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy and UV-Vis Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Xiaowei , Zhu Wanjiang , Zhao Nanjing , Yin Gaofang , Jia Renqing , Yang Ruifang , Wang Hui , Wang Xinyue 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, organic matter distributions and concentrations at various stages of an urban wastewater treatment plant in Hefei, Eastern China, were analyzed from November 2022 to June 2023 using UV-Vis absorption and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. Six components identified via excitation-emission matrix and PARAFAC analysis revealed that components related to tryptophan (components 1, 3, and 6) had strong correlations with COD concentrations, with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.656, 0.447, and 0.674, respectively. Analysis of fluorescence and UV-Vis absorption parameters indicated a reduction in organic matter content, increased humification, and a shift from exogenous to endogenous organic substances throughout the sewage treatment process. Notably, the humification index showed the highest correlation with COD levels (-0.834). On this basis, Utilizing Monte Carlo-Uninformative Variable Elimination-Partial Least Squares (MC-UVE-PLS) for characteristic wavelength extraction from normalized fluorescence and absorption spectra, a COD characteristic fusion spectral analysis model was developed. The results show that there is a good agreement between COD concentrations obtained based on feature fusion spectral analysis and COD true values obtained by the potassium dichromate method. The coefficient of determination between COD predicted values and the true values in the testing set reached 0.9725, and the root mean square error was only 10.51 mg/L. These findings suggest the efficacy of using UV-Vis absorption and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy for direct COD tracking and detection in wastewater treatment processes without any pretreatment.
MLTU: Mixup Long-Tail Unsupervised Zero-Shot Image Classification on Vision-Language Models
Authors: Jia Yunpeng , Ye Xiufen , Mei Xinkui , Liu Yusong , Guo Shuxiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Vision-language models, such as Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP), have demonstrated powerful capabilities in image classification under zero-shot settings. However, current Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) relies on manually tagged samples of known classes through supervised learning, resulting in a waste of labor costs and limitations on foreseeable classes in real-world applications. To address these challenges, we propose the Mixup Long-Tail Unsupervised (MLTU) approach for open-world ZSL problems. The proposed approach employed a novel long-tail mixup loss that integrated class-based re-weighting assignments with a given mixup factor for each mixed visual embedding. To mitigate the adverse impact over time, we adopted a noisy learning strategy to filter out samples that generated incorrect labels. We reproduced the unsupervised results of existing state-of-the-art long-tail and noisy learning approaches. Experimental results demonstrate that MLTU achieves significant improvements in classification compared to these proven existing approaches on public datasets. Moreover, it serves as a plug-and-play solution for amending previous assignments and enhancing unsupervised performance. MLTU enables the automatic classification and correction of incorrect predictions caused by the projection bias of CLIP.
User Dynamics and Thematic Exploration in r/Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From Overlapping r/SuicideWatch Users
Authors: Zhu Jianfeng , Jin Ruoming , Kenne Deric R , Phan NhatHai , Ku Wei-Shinn 
Published: March 2024

Background
In 2023, the United States experienced its highest- recorded number of suicides, exceeding 50,000 deaths. In the realm of psychiatric disorders, major depressive disorder stands out as the most common issue, affecting 15% to 17% of the population and carrying a notable suicide risk of approximately 15%. However, not everyone with depression has suicidal thoughts. While “suicidal depression” is not a clinical diagnosis, it may be observed in daily life, emphasizing the need for awareness.

Objective
This study aims to examine the dynamics, emotional tones, and topics discussed in posts within the r/Depression subreddit, with a specific focus on users who had also engaged in the r/SuicideWatch community. The objective was to use natural language processing techniques and models to better understand the complexities of depression among users with potential suicide ideation, with the goal of improving intervention and prevention strategies for suicide.

Methods
Archived posts were extracted from the r/Depression and r/SuicideWatch Reddit communities in English spanning from 2019 to 2022, resulting in a final data set of over 150,000 posts contributed by approximately 25,000 unique overlapping users. A broad and comprehensive mix of methods was conducted on these posts, including trend and survival analysis, to explore the dynamic of users in the 2 subreddits. The BERT family of models extracted features from data for sentiment and thematic analysis.

Results
On August 16, 2020, the post count in r/SuicideWatch surpassed that of r/Depression. The transition from r/Depression to r/SuicideWatch in 2020 was the shortest, lasting only 26 days. Sadness emerged as the most prevalent emotion among overlapping users in the r/Depression community. In addition, physical activity changes, negative self-view, and suicidal thoughts were identified as the most common depression symptoms, all showing strong positive correlations with the emotion tone of disappointment. Furthermore, the topic “struggles with depression and motivation in school and work” (12%) emerged as the most discussed topic aside from suicidal thoughts, categorizing users based on their inclination toward suicide ideation.

Conclusions
Our study underscores the effectiveness of using natural language processing techniques to explore language markers and patterns associated with mental health challenges in online communities like r/Depression and r/SuicideWatch. These insights offer novel perspectives distinct from previous research. In the future, there will be potential for further refinement and optimization of machine classifications using these techniques, which could lead to more effective intervention and prevention strategies.
Inercia terapéutica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 descontrolada
Authors: Suastegui-Hernández Luis Fernando , Vargas-Aragón Ricardo , Lagarza- Moreno Alfredo Josimar , Rodríguez-Jaimes Agustín , Joanico-Morales Baltazar , Suástegui-Hernández Jesús Jaír , Sánchez-Vicente Éster , Sosa-Martínez María de Jesús 
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: analizar la inercia terapéutica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 descontrolada en una unidad de medicina familiar. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico, realizado en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar en Acapulco, México. Se incluyeron 255 expedientes de pacientes en descontrol con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, de enero a febrero 2023. La fuente de información fue el expediente clínico y base de datos de laboratorio, para obtener información sociodemográfica, clínica, antropométrica y bioquímica. Se revisaron las notas médicas, para evaluar si el médico realizó alguna modificación en el tratamiento farmacológico posterior a los resultados de laboratorio. La antigüedad y capacitación del médico se recabó de la Coordinación de Educación e Investigación en Salud. Con los datos obtenidos se realizó estadística descriptiva, análisis bivariado por X2 de Mantel-Haenszel y regresión logística. Se consideró un valor de p<0.05 e IC 95% como estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: la frecuencia de inercia terapéutica (IT) fue 85.9% (n= 219), 67.8% (n= 173) del personal médico realizó por lo menos un curso de capacitación de forma presencial o en línea sobre diabetes mellitus. Tener <60 años de edad (ORa 2.99, IC 95% 1.40-6.39, p 0.002) aumentó la posibilidad de presentar inercia terapéutica. Conclusión: ocho de cada diez pacientes con diabetes mellitus descontrolada, presentó inercia terapéutica. Es importante sensibilizar y promover un enfoque integral en el que el paciente, médico e institución participen de forma activa y sinérgica con el objetivo de alcanzar un adecuado control metabólico.
KUALITAS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN GOJEK DI TANGERANG DENGAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI
Authors: Rajagukguk Pater , Haryono Bambang , Hardani Hardani , Fadholi Arief 
Published: March 2024

Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi mendorong perubahan seluruh aspek kehidupan manusia, baik sosial, budaya, ekonomi, dan berbagai aspek lain, termasuk transportasi. Masyarakat mengalami transformasi dalam kegiatan sehari-hari, belanja secara online, berinteraksi dengan media sosial, bahkan berpergian meggunakan aplikasi online. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas sumber daya manusia dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan ojek online gojek di Tangerang. Jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif statistik menggunakan smartPls 4. Metode pengumpulan data kuesioner, wawancara, dengan jumlah sampel 100 orang. Teknik sampling non probability sampling dengan sampling kuota. Hasil penelitian menunjukan t statistic > t table dan nilai sig. > P value. Maka kualitas sumber daya manusia berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan Kualitas sdm berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas pelayanan. Kualitas sumber daya manusia berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan melalui kualitas pelayanan. Uji structural inner model nilai R square 0,666 artinya kualitas sumber daya manusia dan kualitas pelayanan mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan sebesar 66,6%., termasuk kategori pengaruh moderat.
The Implications of Actovegin® in Sport: A Brief Review
Authors: Milovanovic Dragana , Stojanovic Emilija 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Actovegin® (or Solcoseryl) is a deproteinized hemoderivative of calf’s blood, which contains more than 200 bioactive constituents. Screening and identification of biologically active molecule(s) is challenging due to the complexity of many constituents that may influence various cellular biochemical pathways and are found naturally in the body. Actovegin® comes in different forms including cream, gel, ointment, tablets, and injectable solution. Currently, according to section M2, Chemical and Physical Manipulation of the World Anti-Doping Code, intravenous injections of Actovegin® exceeding 100 ml is prohibited and further serial injections must be at least 12 hours apart. Although the performance-enhancing effects of Actovegin® are still anecdotal, the use of this drug has undoubtedly been widespread in sports for more than two decades. Existing findings provide promising results regarding the effect of Actovegin® in treating muscle injuries at the injected site. Further research exploring other forms of Actovegin ® (tablets, gel, cream) is encouraged to better understand the potential benefits of Actovegin® in applied sports settings.
Assessing tropism and genetic traits of carp oedema virus isolates to enhance detection strategies
Authors: Adamkowska Natalia , Kiełpińska Jolanta , Bergmann Sven Michael 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Carp oedema virus (CEV) is a relatively understudied poxvirus. It exhibits an affinity for gill and skin epithelial cells. Investigations were conducted into selected aspects of CEV biology, with a focus on determining cell and tissue tropism of CEV, acquiring gene sequences and updating CEV tests in fish tissues.

Material and Methods
A total of 238 common carp tissue samples from nine aquaculture farms were analysed. The study evaluated the efficacy of intermediate detection of CEV by real-time PCR and in situ hybridisation. The genes encoding protein P4a were sequenced, analysed and aligned in a phylogenetic tree using a molecular evolution model.

Results

In situ hybridisation revealed the necessity to validate the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science protocols for sampling for CEV detection and to use the tissues for which the virus has the highest tropism, namely the skin and kidneys, rather than solely the gills. The level of genetic variability was determined, and it was shown that CEV mutates systematically. The creation of two distinct phylogenetic clades confirms certain strains’ description as Polish isolates.

Conclusion
Determining the localisation of CEV genetic material in organs and tissues is pivotal for shaping the World Organisation for Animal Health guidelines. The utility of molecular diagnostics has been demonstrated in the skin and kidney of carp, in addition to the gills, impelling their inclusion in diagnostic protocols. The clusters identified in the phylogenetic tree offer valuable insights for developing the current PCR primers. The prevalence of CEV infection in aquaculture, juxtaposed with its notably lower detection in wild fish, underscores the significance of mandatory molecular diagnostic testing for CEV in carp farming.