bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas-Producing Units Construction Experience in the Arctic Regions
Authors: Zavizion V. G. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The engineering conception of gas, condensed gas and oil exploration, development and production in the Artic and Subartic areas rests on large scale projects of energy industry for the society, results in the specific economical activities in these regions, taking into consideration the climate and sensetive environment, poor infrastructure and the high level of ecological risk.The development of the united gas supply systems differs much from the analogous programs in USA, Alaska and Canada. Having difficult geological features and hydrometeorological conditions, we note a high rate development of the gas fields. On account of that the updated industrial methods were elaborated, studied and examined. The methods were developad prior to the site construction. The methods include the ingeneering of pile foundation, -the use of local materials (excluding ore and mineral deposites),-the transportation of the super-blocks by waterways leading by ice -breakers,-the technological equipment designed as big block structu res,-the expeditinary character of work and permanent personal shift, and finally the incorporation of the environmental impacts in the main construction projects.
This paper describes progressive organization of the pipeline construction activities in the Far North areas, such as Yamburg region gasfields of the Northern part of the West-Sibirian Plain on the Tazovsk peninsula.
Environmental Research Project for Yamburg Gas Fields
Authors: Chlenov A. V. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Intensive development of gas and oil fields in the Arctic Regions provokes ecological disbalance and results in the new nature-technical formation: "nature-ecosystem", which in its turn calls for the revision of the complex program of research and practical measures for invironmental protection. The main objective of the system is to bring down the technogenic impact that goes together with the development of the fields and to restore the ecological balance in the newly developed system.
Database and Network Technologies: An Integral Tool for Methane Development
Authors: Bain L. R. , O'Leary J. M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Taurus Exploration, Inc., an oil and gas exploration and production division of Energen Corporation, has made a large investment in computer technology as an integral part of its research and development. Computer applications have evolved in a continuing effort to refine and customize available technology. Taurus has developed database applications that are industry specific and that match the business functions of the company. These are relational databases, that is, information that is updated in one file is automatically updated in all other relevant files through the use of file indexing. By employing the use of local and wide area networking, Taurus has developed an automation capability that allows its Methane Department to more effectively track development, production, and associated cost information. Relying on its networking and database capabilities, Taurus can make quick and accurate decisions concerning project development, as well as daily field operations.
Taurus has installed local area networks at its corporate headquarters as well as each of its four remote field offices. These local area networks have been integrated into one comprehensive communication tool. Each field office sends current well construction and production tracking data to the main network at Headquarters. Using remote Ethernet bridges and DSU/CSU's (Digital Service Unit/Channel Service Unit) attached to dedicated 56 Kilobits/Sec DDS telephone lines, the four remote network sites have been connected into a single integrated network system. This configuration allows Taurus to maximize employee time and productivity by sending and receiving current well and cost information, electronic mail, and documents.
The basic building block for Taurus' database applications is the Advanced Revelation™ (AREV)* programming language. Such intuitive applications are the product of strong design, logical organization, consistent presentation, and the heavy reliance on user input. The system developers need abundant software tools to achieve a flexible environment for prototyping specific functions of the system. Automated filing systems, applications generators, query languages, and programming languages are all key ingredients, but they alone are not the only key to the success of Taurus' database applications.
POVLIFT: A Computer Program for Designing and Optimizing Intermittent Gas Lift
Authors: Solesa M. , Cveticanin S. , Gligoric G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A mathematical model of hydrodynamic processes i intermittent gaslift is described. The many facets of fluid flow accrue from continuous changes of the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic conditions, the mathematical solution of unsteady fluid flow was simplified by introduction of certain assumptions and boundary conditions. These synthetic, analytical solutions were used to develop the "POVLIFT" program for designing and optimizing intermittent gaslift.
Permeability from Logs: A Hypermedia Microcomputer Tutorial
Authors: Nagel W. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Permeability from Logs utilizes a relatively new type of interactive computer instruction that falls in the category of hypermedia. This tutorial includes hypertext, voice, music, graphics, animation, and interactive computation. The idea is to allow the user to select only that detailed information he or she needs — plus incorporate an element of entertainment while learning. The program can be run on the Macintosh using Apple Computer's HyperCard, or on IBM-compatibles using Spinnaker Software's PLUS operating under Microsoft's Windows 3.0. For the Macintosh version, HyperCard's object-oriented programming language HyperTalk was employed. The PLUS programming language PPL was used for the DOS version.
Building User-Friendly Interfaces for Petroleum Software: The Contribution of X-Window System Based Tools
Authors: Desaunay M-L. M. , Jourdain M. A. , Viretto M. , Le Louarn C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Petroleum softwares process numerous data and need many color graphics in order to visualize and to compare results. To answer this needs L'Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP) has selected the window manager Motif© based on the X Window System©. We present a model which has been realized with Motif for a reservoir simulation program. In this paper, we discuss how to choose an interface builder above Motif to simplify the programming.
Intelligent Systems Application: Field Drilling Procedures
Authors: Kendall H. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Expert system technology links an expert's domain expertise on a narrow topic to a rule structured pattern. The user addresses the knowledge-base to obtain advice on his problem.
An intelligent system utilizes the logical power of an expert system, and combines this with hyper-media, databases, external programs, graphics, and report generation to produce an intelligent application. This powerful application permits the user to perform any task within the system.
The Houston Drilling Group undertook the task of preparing the Amoco Canada Drilling Manual as an intelligent application. The manual is totally interactive and allows the user to instantly access any topic in the manual.
All equations needed for drilling performance are interactive and linked to the appropriate reference material. Reports needed are filled out and may be stored as files or printed. Reports can be called back and modified. Field procedures may be viewed or printed and used as disposable hard copy. Graphics may be viewed or printed. The system also includes some minor advisory systems.
Amoco chose a rule based expert system with hypertext capability. The run-time version is IBM compatible and runs on 286 or 386 machines with a VGA monitor.
It is extremely user-friendly. The application requires 4.2 megs, most of which is the extensive graphics needed. The prototype application has expanded to where it now controls over 35 megs of data, graphics files, and advisories located in over 1000 files, and includes the ability to launch conventional technical computing programs. Limits are determined only by the available host hardware.
A Machine Learning Approach to Studies of Recovery Efficiency
Authors: Brown J. P. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The American Petroleum Institute published studies o† Recovery Efficiency in 1967 and 1984, The first report provided useful correlations froα an industry database, but the second showed that, without subjective weighting, the 1967 results appeared invalid. This new independent report demonstrates that, through Machine Learning, objective predictions can now be achieved.
Application of Preprocessing Software in the Initialization of Kuparuk Full-Field Model
Authors: Choo Y. K. , Wethington W. B. , Lederer M. C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper describes the use of a graphical pre-processing software to generate the grid block array input data for the large scale Kuparuk Full Field Model. Geological and reservoir property maps generated with various mapping packages were imported along with the 77 by 88 simulation grid. Computing time for calculating the entire grid block array data was approximately 45 minutes on a VAXStation 3200.
The pre-processor greatly expedited the task of initializing and updating the model. An estimated two man-months of engineering time were saved. The compatibility of the preprocessor with the simulator helped to ensure data consistency. Juxtaposition of sands due to faulting and truncation were handled automatically using non-standard grid block connections. An inactive middle layer was extracted while preserving the proper depths of the lower sands, resulting in significant savings in CRAY run times and memory requirements.
A Detecting Technique for Production Rate Decline-Curve Analysis with Residual Plots
Authors: Chen Zhigang 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper describes the use of residual analysis in production rate decline curve fittings and performance predictions. Residual analysis, in statistical term, is an easy and quick check of any assumptions being violated under certain hypothesis test, meaning an attempt to discern regression drambacks or pitfalls if any. In production rate decline analysis, residual analysis technique is used to demonstrate (1) the validity of decline equations or models for given rate-time data, and (2) the reliability of the estimated parameters, such as qi, n, Di, and then that of future performance predictions. The emphasis of the study is on the detecting analysis of Arps' decline equations, with other forms of empirical expressions included. For the hyperbolic equation which is slightly more difficult to solve, eight typical numerical solutions are analyzed. These solutions do not often reach good agreement with each other for field data. Graphical residual analysis shows which solution fits the decline trend best, and which thereafter gives reliable performance and reserve predictions. A microcomputer-aided commercial software is developed and has found applications in China's oilfields.
An Advanced Kick Simulator Operating in a User-Friendly X-Window System Environment
Authors: Vefring E. H. , Rommetveit R. , Børge E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A kick simulator has been developed for use on a work station with Unix operating system and X Window System installed. Advanced mathematical models are used to calculate the development of gas kicks and oil kicks in water based and oil based drilling muds. In the preprocessor the user sets up the input data in an environment with help functions and default values. When the simulator is running, the user can observe a number of selected surface and downhole kick parameters vs. time and space plotted graphically on the screen. In the postprocessor the user can display different physical parameters vs. time and space on the screen and make hard copies of them.
Fiscal Aspects of International Petroleum Agreements
Authors: Higgins J. G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper examines the nature of exploration agreements that have been adopted around the world and demonstrates their effect on Government revenue receipts and Company project economics. It is based on a survey of current agreements covering some sixty countries.
Oil and gas exploration only takes place when agreement has been reached on the terms that govern the division of risk and reward between an oil Company and its host Government. This agreement frequently involves lengthy negotiations. The aim of this paper is to improve the understanding of the parties as to the effect of the variables involved. Greater understanding should improve the efficiency with which Companies and Governments reach such agreements.
The evolution of different forms of agreement and their fiscal mechanisms are compared with a view to recommending future improvements. The impact of each type of provisions, such as bonuses, royalties, and tax rates are quantified with respect to their impact on project economics. Graphical comparisons are used to demonstrate the impact of marginal changes to rates and provide a framework for developing changes.
It is the objective of this paper to provide an insight into the increasingly complex terms adopted for modern exploration licences and a practical approach for Companies and Governments to assess the relative merits of alternative fiscal regimes.
Reservoir Characterization With Crosswell Tomography: A Case Study in the Midway Sunset Field, California
Authors: Lo Tien-when , Inderwiesen P. L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Laboratory measurements on tar-sand cores saturated with heavy oil show that seismic wave velocity decreases as the temperature increases. We use this physical effect to monitor the progress of a steam flood operation in the Midway Sunset Field in California. Results of seismic wave velocity tomograms acquired both before and after steam flooding show quite dramatically how temperature affects the seismic wave velocity. The heated heavy oil in the reservoir is delineated, and the information can be used by the production engineer for evaluating the progress of the EOR method.
The Lower Miocene Liuhua Carbonate Reservoir, Pearl River Mouth Basin, Offshore People's Republic of China
Authors: Turner N.L. , Hu Ping Zhong 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Since the drilling in January 1987 of the Liuhua 11-1-1A discovery well, six additional wells, four on the primary structure and one each on two satellite structures, have drilled and tested this lower Miocene reservoir carbonate.
Deposition of the carbonates took place in isolated platform environment. Major facies are (1) a platform-rim reef, (2) a backreef platform-rim reef, (2) a backreef lagoon of fine grained carbonates, (3) a large interior platform algal bank, (4) platform coarse grained carbonates, and (5) platform to lagoonal fine-grained carbonates. A paleo-water table surface represents paleo-water table surface represents a time of regional exposure. The reservoir is subdivided into five diagenetic carbonate units. The uppermost unit is a thin, tightly cemented carbonate formed at the time of drowning of the platform. Two thick highly leached carbonate units with porosities and permeabilities as high as 30 percent and several darcies comprise most of the reservoir. They are separated by a tighter interval which formed by cementation below the water table of the exposure surface. The less porous unit at the base of the porous unit at the base of the reservoir formed as a result of interaction between oil and water caused calcite cementation. Leaching continued in the carbonate below the reservoir and biodegradation occurred after oil had filled the structure.

Introduction
Amoco in partnership with Nanhai East Oil Corporation discovered Liuhua Field in January 1987. The field is located offshore China about 220 kilometers (135 miles) southeast of Hong Kong in the Pearl River Mouth Basin of the South China Sea (Figure 1). This field was the first discovery of oil from a large carbonate complex in the basin and is located in Contract Area 29/04 and in water depths over 305 meters (1000 feet).
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Heather Field Re-Evaluation
Authors: Miller James A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
An integrated project was initiated to re-evaluate the Heather Field, in the UK North Sea. The project involved the facies description of core material, a study of the diagenetic history of important rock units, a structural reinterpretation of the field area, and an investigation of the petroleum generation and fluids migration. The sedimentary section grades upward from shallow shelf turbidites and fan deltas to major fluvial-deltaic systems, with delta-front/shoreface sediments, and finally delta plain and tidal flat facies. The diagenetic history is very complex, and includes K-feldspar overgrowths, and kaolinite, calcite, quartz and illite cements. A geochemical source rock study indicates that petroleum generation began in late Cretaceous and that there were two petroleum generation areas.
Horizontal Well Simulation by Numerical Model in a Carbonatic Field in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Mongini A. , Salvini G. , Puntri P. L. N. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents the methodology and the results of the analysis of an horizontal oil well drilled in the BOURI field (Libyan offshore).
It was decided to drill horizontal wells to reduce gas production that was higher than expected for both gas coning and gas fingering. The well B4-13H, the third horizontal well in the field, was drilled in August 1990.
The well is cased hole completed with a 7" cemented liner with two horizontal segments in two different layers. Due to this particular completion it is not possible to utilize the standard well test analysis package for quantitative analysis. It was therefore decided to perform a numerical simulation of the well with the following targets:
– Reservoir characterization of the zone – Understanding of the production behaviour – Optimization of the well rate and gas cresting prediction
The starting point of the analysis was the production test performed after two consecutive acid jobs (acid stimulation is part of the completion procedures).
The tool used to perform the numerical simulation is a sector model derived from the full field model with a grid refinement for a good simulation of the horizontal sections. Two slanted wells are also included in the sector model.
Moreover, an application of the numerical model is given.
Review of the 30 Years’ Experience of the CO2 Imported Oil Recovery Projects in Hungary
Authors: Doleschall S. , Szittár A. , Udvardi G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In Hungary, the laboratory and pilot-tests on the application of CO2 containing gases for production purposes was started in the 1960's. In the early stage of experiments CO2 produced from flue gases was used and later, the production experiments were based on the natural gas of high CO2 content (81% v/v) explored under the Budafa oil producing field. The formation pressure at the Budafa deep-reservoir is so high that no compression is needed.
On the basis of promising experimental results, field-scale CO2 IOR operations have been started in Budafa-Field and in Lovászi--Field which are sandstone reservoir rocks, and in both, partially soluble methods have been applied. In these fields WAG (water- and -gas alternative injection) methods have been carried out.
At the present time, only the water injection is going on. In 1988, in one part of Nagylengyel-Field, a large scale artificial CO2 -gas cap cooperation was started. The Nagylengyel-Field is a carstic--cavern type reservoir with active bottom--water pressure, where during primary production gas recovery did not occure.
The production results are better than the expected.
This paper summarizes the main data of fields, the operational characteristics, and operational experience has been gained regarding the production, dehydration and transportation of CO2, and the surface facilities.
It is intended to expand the CO2 IOR method also for other parts of Nagylengyel-Field, and now the application of sweetened CO2 gas is under preparation, and an other CO2 project (for Szank-Field) is also planned.
Micellar Flooding in an Alkaline Environment Under Lao Jun Miao Conditions
Authors: Bazin B. , Yang Cheng Zhi , Wang De Chen , Su Xue Yi 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This research was designed to develop an efficient micellar/polymer process for tertiary oil recovery at Lao Jun Miao (Yumen field, China), a reservoir with a high clay content, mainly smectites.
Preliminary laboratory tests indicated poor final oil recovery due to high retention of the sulfonate attributed to adsorption and precipitation by in-situ generated divalent cations as a result of ion exchange.
Alkaline additives were chosen for improving the process efficiency. This paper describes a number of preflush compositions and their effect on surfactant retention. With this strategy in view, a phase behavior study was carried out to formulate an efficient micellar slug for the tertiary recovery of Lao Jun Miao crude.
Additional insights into the implementation of the process are given. In particular, the design of the preflush composition was improved to prevent adverse effects such as clay swelling. The results demonstrate the technical feasability of micellar/alkaline/polymer flooding at Lao Jun Miao.
Fully Integrated Reservoir Study and Numerical Forecast Simulations of Two-Polymer Pilots in Daqing Field
Authors: Corlay P. , Lemouzy P. , Eschard R. , Zhang Li Rui 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Decision of implementing two polymer-augmented waterflooding pilots in Daqing was taken in 1987 considering favorable laboratory results and preliminary reservoir studies. Since that date, the drilling of 8 injectors and 18 producers representing 4 inverted five-spot for each pilot has been achieved.
The formation is composed of different superimposed reservoirs. Each reservoir itself is constituted of numerous embedded sand and shale layers, characteristic of fluvio-deltaic deposits. Pilot PO is devoted to one reservoir while polymer injection in pilot PT will be simultaneously performed in two reservoirs which has been found to be more representative of injection conditions in Daqing. Oil viscosity is 9.5 cp.
Drilling was accompanied by an intensive program of data collection such as electric logging, coring, DST and interference tests. The paper presents how these data have been interpreted in terms of geological deposit to give the best possible vertical and areal description of each reservoir as well as their integration in the 3D chemical model SARIP designed by IFP. Polymer injected is HPAM at a concentration of 915 ppm.
The paper discusses the different results of simulation, focusing on fluid and polymer production profiles and areal distribution in each reservoir.
The predicted range of incremental oil recovery inherent in polymer is dependent on the severity of the reservoir heterogeneity and varies from 7.5% in stratified areas to 12% when the formation is more homogeneous. This indicates a better polymer efficiency to reduce the detrimental water-oil mobility ratio than to correct the rock permeability profile.
The paper ends by a presentation of the first field production results of the pilots that were put in stream in 1989.