bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration and welfare: a very simple model
Authors: Cellini Roberto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe paper presents a very simple model of migration, relying on three widely accepted points: first, labour productivity and wages in a country depend on the present average human capital; second, agents maximise their utility, so that migration decisions depend on the wage gap across economies; third, the larger the personal human capital, the higher the propensity is to migrate (ceteris paribus). The model shows that migration through its external effects always lowers the welfare in the sending country, while the effects on the receiving country can be positive or negative. As a consequence, selfish developed economies could desire a larger migration than the optimal level for a benevolent World Planner. This calls for international coordination concerning the regulation of migration flows. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defective axonal transport in motor neuron disease
Authors: El‐Kadi Ali Morsi , Soura Violetta , Hafezparast Majid 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral recent studies have highlighted the role of axonal transport in the pathogenesis of motor neuron diseases. Mutations in genes that control microtubule regulation and dynamics have been shown to cause motor neuron degeneration in mice and in a form of human motor neuron disease. In addition, mutations in the molecular motors dynein and kinesins and several proteins associated with the membranes of intracellular vesicles that undergo transport cause motor neuron degeneration in humans and mice. Paradoxically, evidence from studies on the legs at odd angles (Loa) mouse and a transgenic mouse model for human motor neuron disease suggest that partial limitation of the function of dynein may in fact lead to improved axonal transport in the transgenic mouse, leading to delayed disease onset and increased life span. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flandrian sea‐level changes in the Fenland. I: The geographical setting and evidence of relative sea‐level changes
Authors: Shennan Ian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Flandrian sediments of the Fenland record the infilling of the Wash embayment on the east coast of England, UK. Since at least 6500 BP changes in sea level have been a major control on the rate and pattern of sediment accumulation. New data are presented from the area which together with published information allow the reconstruction of palaeoenvironments from 6500 to 2500 BP. The major environmental changes involved alternations between freshwater fen and intertidal marine sedimentation. Each episode was characterised by transitional changes as vegetation and sediment zones shifted over large areas. Marine/brackish sediments are found up to 45 km inland of the present coast. Radiocarbon dated sea‐level index points, with relevant stratigraphic and micropalaeontological data, ranging from 6415 BP at −8.17m OD to 2595 BP at +1.45m OD, are described.
Studies on the properties of citrate derivatives of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) starch synthesized by microwave technique
Authors: Jyothi Alummoottil N , Moorthy Subramoney N , Sreekumar Janardhanan Nair , Rajasekharan Kallikat N 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCassava starch citrates with degree of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.005 to 0.063 were synthesized by the microwave‐assisted reaction of cassava starch with citric acid. A response surface small composite design was used to study the effect of different reaction conditions, viz. time, temperature and reagent concentration. All these variables significantly affected the substitution level in the modified starches. The DS increased with increase in the time of reaction and temperature. However, reagent concentration had a negative effect on the DS. The modified starches showed higher viscosity with lower breakdown, lower setback and higher final viscosities in comparison to native starch. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the modified starches exhibited a decrease in gelatinization temperatures, To, Tp, Te, in comparison to native starch. However, the heat of gelatinization was not significantly affected. The citrate derivatives exhibited reduced swelling volume and enhanced water binding capacities. They were found to be less susceptible to enzyme hydrolysis than native starch. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Controlling the surface chemistry and chromatographic properties of methacrylate‐ester‐based monolithic capillary columns via photografting
Authors: Eeltink Sebastiaan , Hilder Emily F. , Geiser Laurent , Svec Frantisek , Fréchet Jean M. J. , Rozing Gerard P. , Schoenmakers Peter J. , Kok Wim Th. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPreparation of monolithic capillary columns for separations in the CEC mode using UV‐initiated polymerization of the plain monolith followed by functionalization of its pore surface by photografting has been studied. The first step enabled the preparation of generic poly(butyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) monoliths with optimized porous properties, controlled by the percentages of porogens 1‐decanol and cyclohexanol in the polymerization mixture, irradiation time, and UV light intensity. Ionizable monomers [2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride or 2‐acryloamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid were then photografted onto the monolithic matrix, allowing us to control the direction of the EOF in CEC. Different strategies were applied to control the grafting density and, thereby, the magnitude of the EOF. To control the hydrophobic properties, two approaches were tested: (i) cografting of a mixture of the ionizable and hydrophobic monomers and (ii) sequential grafting of the ionizable and hydrophobic monomers. Cografting resulted in similar retention but higher EOF. With sequential grafting, more than 50% increase in retention factors was obtained and a slight decrease in EOF was observed due to shielding of the ionizable moieties.
Elevated temperature–extended column length conventional liquid chromatography to increase peak capacity for the analysis of tryptic digests
Authors: Sandra Pat , Vanhoenacker Gerd 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHigh efficiency separations (200 000 plates) were obtained on conventional LC equipment by coupling 8×25 cm×2.1 (or 4.6) mm id×5 μm dp ODS columns (total length 2 m) and operation at 60°C using a dedicated LC oven. The peak capacity in this 1‐D set‐up was 900 for the separation of human serum tryptic peptides analyzed after depletion of six highly abundant proteins. The chromatographic performance of an elevated temperature–extended column length conventional LC is highlighted.
Vanishing thetanull and hyperelliptic curves
Authors: Schneider Olivier 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLet ℳ︁g,2 be the moduli space of curves of genus g with a level‐2 structure. We prove here that there is always a non hyperelliptic element in the intersection of four thetanull divisors in ℳ︁6,2. We prove also that for all g ≥ 3, each component of the hyperelliptic locus in ℳ︁g,2 is a connected component of the intersection of g – 2 thetanull divisors. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exponential averaging for traveling wave solutions in rapidly varying periodic media
Authors: Matthies Karsten , Schneider Guido , Uecker Hannes 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReaction diffusion systems on cylindrical domains with terms that vary rapidly and periodically in the unbounded direction can be analyzed by averaging techniques. Here, using iterated normal form transformations and Gevrey regularity of bounded solutions, we prove a result on exponential averaging for such systems, i.e., we show that traveling wave solutions can be described by a spatially homogenous equation and exponentially small remainders. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Impairment of executive cognitive functioning in males with fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome
Authors: Grigsby Jim , Brega Angela G. , Leehey Maureen A. , Goodrich Glenn K. , Jacquemont Sébastien , Loesch Danuta Z. , Cogswell Jennifer B. , Epstein Jennifer , Wilson Rebecca , Jardini Tristan , Gould Emma , Bennett Rachael E. , Hessl David , Cohen Susannah , Cook Kylee , Tassone Flora , Hagerman Paul J. , Hagerman Randi J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a recently identified phenotype associated with trinucleotide repeat expansions in the premutation range of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. In addition to progressive gait ataxia, action tremor, peripheral neuropathy, and parkinsonism, FXTAS involves impaired cognition. Our preliminary research suggests that executive cognitive functioning (ECF) is especially affected. In this study, a brief neuropsychological exam was administered to 33 men with FXTAS and 27 healthy controls. Compared with controls, individuals with FXTAS showed statistically significant impairments on measures from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition (WAIS‐III; verbal IQ, performance [nonverbal] IQ, verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, and processing speed). FXTAS subjects scored significantly lower on three of four measures of ECF and on two tests of information processing speed. The results provide evidence that FXTAS involves impairment of general intellectual functioning, with marked impairment of executive cognitive abilities. The pattern of cognitive performance is somewhat similar to that observed in the frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia and several of the spinocerebellar ataxias, but differs from the deficits observed in dementia of the Alzheimer type. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Diagnostic criteria for psychosis in Parkinson's disease: Report of an NINDS, NIMH work group
Authors: Ravina Bernard , Marder Karen , Fernandez Hubert H. , Friedman Joseph H. , McDonald William , Murphy Diane , Aarsland Dag , Babcock Debra , Cummings Jefferey , Endicott Jean , Factor Stewart , Galpern Wendy , Lees Andrew , Marsh Laura , Stacy Mark , Gwinn‐Hardy Katrina , Voon Valerie , Goetz Christopher 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere are no standardized diagnostic criteria for psychosis associated with Parkinson's disease (PDPsy). As part of an NIH sponsored workshop, we reviewed the existing literature on PDPsy to provide criteria that distinguish PDPsy from other causes of psychosis. Based on these data, we propose provisional criteria for PDPsy in the style of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV‐TR. PDPsy has a well‐characterized temporal and clinical profile of hallucinations and delusions, which is different than the pattern seen in other psychotic disorders such as substance induced psychosis or schizophrenia. PDPsy is associated with a poor prognosis of chronic psychosis, nursing home placement, and death. Medications used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) contribute to PDPsy but may not be sufficient or necessary contributors to PDPsy. PDPsy is associated with Lewy bodies pathology, imbalances of monoaminergic neurotransmitters, and visuospatial processing deficits. These findings suggest that PDPsy may result from progression of the disease process underlying PD, rather than a comorbid psychiatric disorder or drug intoxication. PDPsy is not adequately described by existing criteria for psychotic disorders. We established provisional diagnostic criteria that define a constellation of clinical features not shared by other psychotic syndromes. The criteria are inclusive and contain descriptions of the full range of characteristic symptoms, chronology of onset, duration of symptoms, exclusionary diagnoses, and associated features such as dementia. These criteria require validation and may be refined, but form a starting point for studies of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of PDPsy, and are a potential indication for therapy development. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Sleep‐related stridor due to dystonic vocal cord motion and neurogenic tachypnea/tachycardia in multiple system atrophy
Authors: Vetrugno Roberto , Liguori Rocco , Cortelli Pietro , Plazzi Giuseppe , Vicini Claudio , Campanini Aldo , D'Angelo Roberto , Provini Federica , Montagna Pasquale 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSleep‐disordered breathing and sleep‐related motor phenomena are part of the clinical spectrum of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Stridor has been attributed to denervation of laryngeal muscles or instead to dystonic vocal cord motion. We studied 3 patients with nocturnal stridor in the setting of MSA. All patients underwent nocturnal videopolysomnography (VPSG) with breathing and heart rate, O2 saturation and intra‐esophageal pressure recordings, and simultaneous EMG recordings of the posterior cricoarytenoid, cricothyroid, and thyroarytenoid muscles and continuous vocal cord motion evaluation by means of fiberoptic laryngoscopy. VPSG/EMG and fiberoptic laryngoscopy documented normal vocal cord motion without denervation during wake and stridor only during sleep when hyperactivation of vocal cords adductors appeared in the absence of significant O2 desaturation. All patients had tachycardia and tachypnea and paradoxical breathing during sleep, erratic intercostalis and diaphragmatic EMG activity and Rem sleep behavior disorder. One of the patients had restless legs syndrome with periodic limb movement during sleep and excessive fragmentary hypnic myoclonus. In conclusion, our patients with MSA had nocturnal stridor due to sleep‐related laryngeal dystonia. Stridor was associated with other abnormal sleep‐related respiratory and motor disorders, suggesting an impairment of homeostatic brainstem integration in MSA. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Different pattern of aquaporin‐4 expression in extensor digitorum longus and soleus during early development
Authors: Nicchia Grazia P. , Mola Maria G. , Pisoni Michela , Frigeri Antonio , Svelto Maria 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAquaporin‐4 (AQP4) is the neuromuscular water channel expressed at the sarcolemma of mammalian fast‐twitch fibers that mediates a high water transport rate, which is important during muscle activity. Clinical interest in the neuromuscular expression of AQP4 has increased as it is associated with the protein complex formed by dystrophin, the product of the gene affected in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The expression of AQP4 during development has not been characterized. In this study, we analyzed the expression of AQP4 in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus, a fast‐ and slow‐twitch muscle, respectively, during the first weeks after birth. The results show that AQP4 expression in both types of skeletal muscle occurs postnatally. The time course of expression of AQP4 in the two types of muscles was also different. Whereas the expression of AQP4 protein levels in the EDL showed a progressive increase during the first month after birth, reaching levels found in adults by day 24, the levels of the protein in the soleus showed a transient peak between day 12 and day 24 and declined thereafter, an effect that may be related to the transient high number of fast motor units innervating the soleus muscle during this time. The results suggest that AQP4 expression in skeletal muscle is under neuronal influence and contribute to the understanding of the molecular events of fiber differentiation during development. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Post‐augmentation bladder perforation during urodynamic investigation
Authors: Blok Bertil F.M. , Al Zahrani Ahmed , Capolicchio John Paul , Bilodeau Claudette , Corcos Jacques 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAimsTo report for the first time bladder rupture during filling cystometry many years after bladder augmentation.MethodsA 17‐year‐old girl with T10 meningomyelocele had received an ileocystoplasty, continent catheterizable stoma, and bladder neck sling for neurogenic bladder dysfunction and intractable incontinence 8 years previously. She was continent with clean intermittent self‐catheterization four times per day. Yearly urodynamics showed a bladder capacity of up to 700 ml with good compliance and low bladder pressures. In March 2006, filling cystometry was performed.ResultsBladder pressure was normal until 400 ml, after which it increased due to lower compliance. At 620 ml filling, the detrusor pressure was 52 cm H2O, and the patient complained suddenly of abdominal discomfort and bilateral shoulder pain, and the infusion was stopped. A catheter was placed and cystography showed intraperitoneal leakage along the left lateral bladder aspect and at the Mitrofanoff insertion site on the bladder dome. The perforations were closed via a midline incision and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt had to be exteriorized. There were no post‐operative complications and a control cystogram revealed no leakage.ConclusionsAugmentation ileocystoplasty has been used extensively in order to increase bladder capacity and decrease intravesical pressure. Although spontaneous or traumatic perforation of the augmented bladder has been described previously, it was never reported in correlation with urodynamic investigation. Extreme caution is warranted in the face of decreased compliance during filling cystometry in these patients, even though urodynamics showed good bladder compliance and low bladder pressures many years after ileocystoplasty. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:540–542, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling dynamic cerebral blood volume changes during brain activation on the basis of the blood‐nulled functional MRI signal
Authors: W. Wu Changwei , Liu Ho‐Ling , Chen Jyh‐Horng 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecently, vascular space occupancy (VASO) based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was proposed to detect dynamic cerebral blood volume (CBV) changes using the blood‐nulled non‐selective inversion recovery (NSIR) sequence. However, directly mapping the dynamic CBV change by the NSIR signal change is based on the assumption of slow water exchange (SWE) around the capillary regime without cerebral blood flow (CBF) effects. In the present study, a fast water exchange (FWE) model incorporating with flow effects was derived from the Bloch equations and implemented for the quantification of dynamic CBV changes using VASO‐fMRI during brain activation. Simulated results showed that only subtle differences in CBV changes estimated by these two models were observed on the basis of previously published VASO results. The influence of related physiological and biophysical factors within typical ranges was evaluated in steady‐state simulations. It was revealed that in the transient state the CBV curves could be delayed in comparison with measured NSIR curves owing to the imbalance between the inflowing and outflowing blood signals. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the possible ritual marking of a young XVIIIth dynasty pig skull from Tell el‐Amarna, Middle Egypt
Authors: Luff R. , Brothwell D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA young pig skull, excavated from an ancient Egyptian village near Tell el‐Amarna, Middle Egypt, presents a number of unusual features which are suggestive of ante‐mortem human intervention with subsequent localised infection of the bone. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of bending modulus of fiber‐reinforced syntactic foams for sandwich and structural applications
Authors: Karthikeyan C. S. , Sankaran S. , Kishore  
Published: February 2007

AbstractPolymer composite foams or syntactic foams containing 0.9, 1.76, 2.54, 3.54 and 4.5 vol% of E‐glass short fibers were processed and subjected to a three‐point bending test. The results show that the flexural modulus increased with fiber content, with the exception of 1.76% and 3.5% of fibers. This deviation was due to a higher void content for 1.76% and a non‐uniform distribution of fibers in the polymer composite foam system for 3.5%. However, in general, the incorporation of chopped strand fibers improved the flexural behavior of the syntactic foam system without much variation in density, thus making the reinforced syntactic foams act as improved core materials for sandwich and other structural applications. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ growth of interdigitated electrodes made of polypyrrole for active fiber composites
Authors: Pini Niccolò , Busato Stephan , Elsener Hans‐Rudolf , Ermanni Paolo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractActive fiber composites are electromechanical actuators based on piezo‐ceramic fibers, which are embedded in a polymer matrix. The fibers are electrically contacted through so‐called interdigitated electrodes (IDEs). State‐of‐the‐art metallic IDEs only contact the fibers at two small sections of their circumference at the top and bottom of the composite ply, respectively. This paper presents an original technique to manufacture IDEs made of a conducting polymer (polypyrrole/p‐toluene sulfonic acid), where the polymer electrodes contact the fibers around their whole circumference. The necessary process steps are discussed, namely design of the master electrodes and electrochemical polymer growth with and without fibers. Processing issues are discussed and solutions are suggested. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethylene polymerisation by Ni–diphosphine azine complexes
Authors: Carvalho Maria Fernanda Nascimento Neves , Cermák Jan , Fernandes Anabela Catarino , Ferreira Ana Sofia , Galvão Adelino Moura , Matos Inês , Marques Maria Mercês 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe properties of [NiX(PR2CH2C(But)NNC(But)CH2PR2)]+ complexes (where X = Br, and R = cyclohexyl (Cy), isopropyl (Pri), tert‐butyl (But), phenyl (Ph); X = Cl or I, and R = cyclohexyl) as catalysts for the polymerisation of ethylene were evaluated with or without the co‐catalysts methylaluminoxane (MAO), diethylaluminium chloride, trimethylaluminium or tri(isobutyl)aluminium. Their efficiency depends on the characteristics of the halogen (X) and the R group of the diphosphine azine ligand. Bromide (X) strongly enhances the catalytic properties of the complexes within the R order Cy > Pri > Ph > But. Temperature, co‐catalyst ratio (Al/Ni) and complex concentration also influence the catalytic activity. The best results were obtained with [NiBr{PCy2CH2C(But)NNC(But)CH2PCy2}]Br activated by MAO (A = 25.8 kg (mol Ni)−1 bar−1 h−1). The polymers were characterised using NMR and differential scanning calorimetry as branched polyethylenes, the number of branches increasing with the temperature of polymerisation. The molecular weights of the polymers were estimated using NMR. A proposal for the catalyst active precursor is made on the basis of experimental data and molecular orbital calculations. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry