bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 1D arterial blood flow model incorporating ventricular pressure, aortic valve and regional coronary flow using the locally conservative Galerkin (LCG) method
Authors: Mynard J. P. , Nithiarasu P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThere is an important interaction between the pumping performance of the ventricle, arterial haemodynamics and coronary blood flow. While previous non‐linear 1D models have focused only on one of these components, the model presented in this study includes coronary and systemic arterial circulations, as well as ventricular pressure and an aortic valve that opens and closes ‘independently’ and based on local haemodynamics. The systemic circulation is modelled as a branching network of elastic tapering vessels. The terminal element applied at the extremities of the network is a single tapering vessel which is shown to adequately represent the input characteristics of the downstream vasculature. The coronary model consists of left and right coronary arteries which both branch into two ‘equivalent’ vessels that account for the lumped characteristics of subendocardial and subepicardial flows. As contracting heart muscle causes significant compression of the subendocardial vessels, a time‐varying external pressure proportional to ventricular pressure is applied to the distal part of the equivalent subendocardial vessel. The aortic valve is modelled using a variable reflection coefficient with respect to backward‐running aortic waves, and a variable transmission coefficient with respect to forward‐running ventricular waves. A realistic ventricular pressure is the input to the system; however, an afterload‐corrected ventricular pressure is calculated and results in pressure gradients between the ventricle and aorta that are similar to those observed in vivo. The 1D equations of fluid flow are solved using the locally conservative Galerkin method, which provides explicit element‐wise conservation, and can naturally incorporate vessel branching. Each component of the model is verified using a number of tests to ensure accuracy and reveal the underlying processes that give rise to complex pressure and flow waveforms. The complete model is then implemented, and simulations are performed with input parameters representing ‘at rest’ and exercise states for a normal adult. The resulting waveforms contain all of the important features seen in vivo, and standard measures of haemodynamic state are found to be normal. In addition, one or several characteristics of some common diseases are imposed on the model and are found to produce haemodynamic changes that agree with experimental observations in the published literature. Using a patient‐specific carotid bifurcation geometry, 1D velocity waveforms are also compared with waveforms obtained from a three‐dimensional model. The 1D and 3D results show good agreement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytologic features of endocervical glandular lesions: Comparison of SurePath, ThinPrep, and conventional smear specimen preparations
Authors: Belsley Nicole A. , Tambouret Rosemary H. , Misdraji Joseph , Muzikansky Alona , Russell Donna K. , Wilbur David C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe cytologic features of endocervical neoplasia have been well‐described for conventional and ThinPrep, but not for SurePath, methods. This study is designed to ascertain if cytological features are similar in SurePath specimens. Conventional, ThinPrep and SurePath specimens with either endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ or invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma were evaluated for architectural and cytological features previously described for endocervical neoplasia. A generalized linear model was used to assess the differences of ordinal multinomial data. Of 18 evaluated, the only features showing statistical differences were architectural: large groups of cells and single cells were more frequent in SurePath preparations and conventional smears. Feathering was more frequently noted in conventional smears. Individual cytological features were identical across all groups. Mitoses and apoptotic debris were seen with equal frequency in all preparations. The architectural and cytologic features of endocervical glandular neoplasia in liquid‐based specimens show only subtle architectural differences when compared with conventional smears. Keeping these differences in mind, virtually the same criteria can be used to identify endocervical glandular lesions in all three specimen types. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:232–237. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parathyroid hormone assay in fine‐needle aspirate is useful in differentiating inadvertently sampled parathyroid tissue from thyroid lesions
Authors: Owens Christopher L. , Rekhtman Natasha , Sokoll Lori , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTo assess the utility of chemical analysis for parathyroid hormone in the rinse (PTH‐r) obtained via fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) in the setting of inadvertently sampled parathyroid tissue or lesions (PTL) during “thyroid” or “neck” FNA, the authors review their experience at a large, tertiary care academic medical center. All cases of inadvertent sampling of PTL during “thyroid” or “neck” FNA were identified by computer search. The cytologic and histologic material was reviewed and pertinent clinical data including patient demographics, serum calcium, intact serum PTH (PTH‐s), and intact PTH‐r was recorded. The cytologic interpretations and histologic diagnoses were also recorded. Of 3,521 cases of total thyroid and neck FNA during the study 21 (0.59%) cases of histologically confirmed sampling of PTL were identified. In all 10 cases with PTH‐r the level was markedly elevated (range 248–240,075 pg/mL) and in every case PTH‐r/PTH‐s was elevated (range 3.67–458.3). In all 10 cases with PTH‐r the cytologic diagnosis was PTL or included PTL in the differential. In 4/11 cases without PTL‐r diagnoses of thyroid neoplasm or suspicious for thyroid neoplasm were rendered, each resulting in thyroidectomy. PTH‐r has utility in differentiating PTL from thyroid lesions in the setting of inadvertent sampling of PTL during thyroid or neck FNA. Cellular specimens with features not typical for thyroid lesions should be triaged for PTL‐r. Routine use of PTH‐r will result in appropriate triage of patients to less aggressive excisional biopsies rather than unnecessary thyroidectomy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:227–231. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How accurate is cytological diagnosis of cervical glandular lesions?
Authors: Moreira Marise A. R. , Longatto Filho Adhemar , Castelo Adauto , de Barros Maria Rita Evangelista , Silva Ana Paula da , Thomann Patrícia , Mattosinho de Castro Ferraz Maria da Gloria , Dores Gerson Botacini das 
Published: March 2008

AbstractGynecological cytology has some inaccurate morphological categorization and poor interobserver reproducibility especially for glandular lesions. Liquid‐based cytology (LBC) preparations are presumed to reduce artifacts that interfere in diagnosis performance, but its value to correctly identify glandular alterations has not been sufficiently reported. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement of LBC and conventional Pap smear to identify histologically confirmed glandular lesions according to five cytologists. Sensitivity ranged from 55.8 to 73.1% and 32.7 to 48.1% for Pap smear and LBC, respectively. Specificity ranged from 66.1 to 87.1% and 69.4 to 94.4%, respectively. In general, agreement between pairs of cytologists was poor with κ‐values around 0.45. In conclusion, relying entirely on cervical cytology to rule out glandular lesions may be risky. The use of HPV DNA test alone or combined to screening glandular lesions may contribute to minimize the limitations of both conventional and LBC preparations to diagnose glandular abnormalities. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:270–274. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Marked for life? Effects of early cage‐cleaning frequency, delivery batch, and identification tail‐marking on rat anxiety profiles
Authors: Burn Charlotte C. , Deacon Robert M.J. , Mason Georgia J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDaily handling of preweanling rats reduces their adult anxiety. Even routine cage‐cleaning, involving handling, reduces adult anxiety compared with controls. Cage‐cleaning regimes differ between animal breeders, potentially affecting rodent anxiety and experimental results. Here, 92 adult male rats given different cage‐cleaning rates as pups, were compared on plus‐maze, hyponeophagia, corticosterone, and handling tests. They were pair‐housed and half were tail‐marked for identification. Anxiety/stress profiles were unaffected by cage‐cleaning frequency, suggesting that commercial‐typical differences in husbandry contribute little variance to adult rat behavior. However, delivery batch affected some elevated plus‐maze measures. Also, tail‐marked rats spent three times longer on the plus‐maze open arms than their unmarked cagemates, suggesting reduced anxiety, yet paradoxically they showed greater chromodacryorrhoea responses to handling, implying increased aversion to human contact. A follow‐up study showed that rats avoided the odor released from the marker pen used. Thus, apparently trivial aspects of procedure can greatly affect experimental results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 266–277, 2008.
Physiological responses to social and cognitive challenges in 8‐year olds with a history of prenatal cocaine exposure
Authors: Kable Julie A. , Coles Claire D. , Lynch Mary Ellen , Platzman Kathy 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCocaine‐exposed infants have been found to have altered arousal responses but little is known about such responses in later childhood. Physiological responses to stressors were used to assess the arousal modulation of school‐aged, cocaine‐exposed children (n = 73) and two contrast groups, socioeconomically‐matched controls (n = 58) and children with behavioral disturbance (n = 35). The behaviorally disturbed group had the highest heart rate across conditions but demonstrated a pattern of hyporesponsiveness to the stressors. They had the smallest decrement in skin conductance response at baseline and the least recovery of skin conductance response following exposure to stressors. Cocaine‐exposed children demonstrated greater acceleratory responses to the stressors as indexed by their skin conductance level and were intermediate between the socioeconomically‐matched controls and children with behavioral disturbance in recovery of skin conductance response following stressors. Altered arousal responses associated with prenatal cocaine exposure persisted into middle childhood but were different from those found in behaviorally disturbed children. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 251–265, 2008.
Relationship between age and activity varies by sex in titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus)
Authors: Mayeaux Darryl J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMotor activity increases during development and typically peaks before reproductive maturity. Males may become more active than do females, and this sex difference in activity may be a mechanism contributing to sex‐biased dispersal. The generality of the link between sex differences in activity and sex differences in dispersal would be strengthened with evidence of greater female, as compared to male, activity during development in a species with a female bias in dispersal. Titi monkeys are a good model for such an investigation because subadult females leave their natal group at an earlier age than do subadult males. This study examines whether developing female titi monkeys become more active with age than do developing male titi monkeys. Locomotor activity of 13 female and 8 male captive titi monkeys was measured as they matured from initial ambulatory independence (6 months of age) to reproductive maturity (24 months). Increased activity of females was associated most strongly with increasing age. Increased activity of males, however, was associated most strongly with repeated testing. Compared to maturing males, greater activity of maturing females may underlie the earlier dispersal of female titi monkeys that has been reported. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 288–297, 2008.
Timing of fetal exposure to stress hormones: Effects on newborn physical and neuromuscular maturation
Authors: Ellman Lauren M. , Schetter Christine Dunkel , Hobel Calvin J. , Chicz‐DeMet Aleksandra , Glynn Laura M. , Sandman Curt A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to determine the specific periods during pregnancy in which human fetal exposure to stress hormones affects newborn physical and neuromuscular maturation. Blood was collected from 158 women at 15, 19, 25, and 31 weeks' gestation. Levels of placental corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) and maternal cortisol were determined from plasma. Newborns were evaluated with the New Ballard Maturation Score. Results indicated that increases in maternal cortisol at 15, 19, and 25 weeks and increases in placental CRH at 31 weeks were significantly associated with decreases in infant maturation among males (even after controlling for length of gestation). Results also suggested that increases in maternal cortisol at 31 weeks were associated with increases in infant maturation among females, although these results were not significant after controlling for length of gestation. Findings suggest that stress hormones have effects on human fetal neurodevelopment that are independent of birth outcome. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 232–241, 2008.
Studies on the kinetics ofin situepoxidation of vegetable oils
Authors: Cai Chuanshang , Dai Honghai , Chen Rongsheng , Su Caixia , Xu Xiaoya , Zhang Shi , Yang Liting 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn the present work, the kinetics of the epoxidation of soybean oil (SBO) by peroxyacetic acid (PAA) generatedin situin the presence of sulfuric acid as the catalyst was studied at various temperatures (45, 65 and 75 °C). It was found that epoxidation with almost complete conversion of unsaturated carbon and negligible oxirane cleavage can be attained by thein situtechnique. The rate constant for epoxidation of SBO was found to be of the order of 10–6 mol–1s–1and the activation energy of epoxidation is 43.11 kJ/mol. Some thermodynamic parameters: enthalpy, entropy and free activation energy of 40.63 kJ/mol, –208.80 J/mol and 102.88 kJ/mol, respectively, were obtained for the epoxidation of SBO. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of epoxidation obtained from this study indicate that an increase in the process temperature would increase the rate of epoxide formation. The epoxidation of corn oil and sunflower oil were also investigated under the same conditions. The results show that the reaction rate is in the order of soybean oil > corn oil > sunflower oil.
The olive oil oxygen radical absorbance capacity (DPPH assay) as a quality indicator
Authors: Zullo Biagi Angelo , Ciafardini Gino 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe antioxidant properties of some single components and the total antioxidant activity of extra‐virgin olive oil have been evaluated by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method. The total ORAC of the extra‐virgin olive oil was found to be positively correlated with the concentration of total polyphenols, which are important to the shelf life of the product. Among the single phenolic compounds studied, gallic acid showed a higher ORAC than caffeic acid and oleuropein, while among the derivates of oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol was found to be the most active compound among all the phenols studied. The total ORAC of commercial olive oils differed according to the concentration of total polyphenols. The total ORAC of extra‐virgin olive oil was constant during 1 year of storage in rational conditions, whereas it worsened dramatically in olive oil damaged by the lipase‐producing yeast Williopsis californica or by lipase from Pseudomonas spp. The study accomplished on the oily fraction of the fruits before harvesting demonstrated that the total ORAC of the oil of under‐ripe green olives is higher compared to that shown by mature fruits; therefore, through the choice of the harvesting time, it is possible to define also the future content of polyphenols of the oil. The total ORAC test, together with other analyses, can be considered as a qualitative parameter that can contribute to the expression of technological and health virtues of extra‐virgin olive oil.
Effects of Aramchol on in vitro bile cholesterol crystallization and bile acid detergency
Authors: de Bruin Gijs J. , Petruzzelli Michele , Venneman Niels G. , van Minnen L. Paul , Portincasa Piero , Konikoff Fred M. , van Erpecum Karel J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe hydrophilic bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid may dissolve cholesterol gallstones and is beneficial in cholestatic liver diseases. The C20 fatty acid‐bile acid conjugate arachidyl amido cholanoic acid (Aramchol) could be a more effective option. We therefore studied its effects on cholesterol crystallization and on bile salt‐induced cytotoxicity. Effects of Aramchol at therapeutically relevant concentrations on crystallization in supersaturated model biles (by microscopy and chemical measurement), on the ternary cholesterol‐taurocholate‐phosphatidylcholine phase diagram, and on micelle ↔ vesicle transitions (by serial dilution or by incubation of cholesterol‐phosphatidylcholine vesicles with taurocholate) were evaluated. Effects on bile salt‐induced cytotoxicity were determined in erythrocytes and CaCo2 cells. Incorporation of Aramchol in model biles did not change micellar cholesterol solubilization, induced a small rightward shift of crystal‐containing zones of the ternary phase diagram, exerted no appreciable effects on vesicle ↔ micelle transitions and had only minor effects on cholesterol crystallization. Bile salt‐induced cytotoxicity was increased by Aramchol in all models. Since Aramchol does not affect cholesterol crystallization, its previously reported beneficial effects in animal gallstone models should relate to other mechanisms. Since Aramchol increases bile salt detergency, it is not likely to be beneficial in cholestatic liver disease.
Identification of PAX3‐FKHR‐regulated genes differentially expressed between alveolar and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: Focus on MYCN as a biologically relevant target
Authors: Mercado Gabriela E. , Xia Shujuan J. , Zhang Chune , Ahn Eun Hyun , Gustafson Donna M. , Laé Marick , Ladanyi Marc , Barr Frederic G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma is a family of myogenic soft tissue tumors subdivided into two main subtypes: alveolar (ARMS) and embryonal (ERMS). ARMS is characterized by a frequent 2;13 chromosomal translocation that creates a PAX3‐FKHR fusion transcription factor. To identify downstream targets of PAX3‐FKHR, we introduced an inducible form of PAX3‐FKHR into human RD ERMS cells. Microarray analysis identified 39 genes (29 upregulated and 10 downregulated) that are modulated by PAX3‐FKHR in RD cells and differentially expressed between ERMS and PAX3‐FKHR‐positive ARMS tumors. Functional annotation demonstrated that genes involved in regulation of transcription and development, particularly neurogenesis, are represented in this group. MYCN was one notable neural‐related transcription factor‐encoding gene identified in this set, and its regulation by PAX3‐FKHR was further confirmed at the RNA and protein levels. The findings of cycloheximide inhibition and time‐course studies are consistent with the hypothesis that the PAX3‐FKHR protein acts directly on the MYCN gene at the transcriptional level. Functional studies established that MYCN cooperates with PAX3‐FKHR to enhance oncogenic activity. In conclusion, we identified a selected set of biologically relevant genes modulated by PAX3‐FKHR, and demonstrated that PAX3‐FKHR contributes to the expression of MYCN and in turn MYCN collaborates with PAX3‐FKHR in tumorigenesis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A PCR/restriction digestion assay for the detection of the transcript variants 1 and 2 of POU5F1
Authors: Panagopoulos Ioannis , Möller Emely , Isaksson Margareth , Mertens Fredrik 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPOU5F1 has two alternatively spliced transcripts: a long (variant 1, NM_002701) and a short (variant 2, NM_203289) transcript. Only variant 1 is a key regulator of pluripotency. Hence, it is important to be able to distinguish this transcript from variant 2 and from the many pseudogenes present in the genome. Previous studies on the expression of POU5F1 were, however, usually carried out without considering the existence of the two transcripts and the pseudogenes which could be the source of false positive RT‐PCR amplification. Here, we establish an RT‐PCR/restriction digestion analysis to distinguish variant 1 of POU5F1 from variant 2 and all its currently known pseudogenes. Variant 1 has ApaI and Tsp45I restriction sites, which are not present in the pseudogenes or in variant 2. Thus, ApaI‐ and Tsp45I‐ digestions of POU5F1 PCR fragment, amplified with primers flanking these sites, are sufficient to identify the true variant 1 of POU5F1. To study the expression of variant 2 of POU5F1, two forward primers in the 5′‐region that are not present in variant 1 were combined with reverse primers located in exon 3 of POU5F1 common to both transcripts. The assay was applied on 10 samples from peripheral blood leukocytes and commercially available ready‐cDNAs from leukocytes and testis. We found that only variant 2 was expressed in leukocytes and testis and that the extracted RNA was not completely DNA free, despite DNAse treatment. This trace amount of DNA is a source of false positive RT‐PCR amplifications. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution genomic and expression analyses of copy number alterations in breast tumors
Authors: Haverty Peter M. , Fridlyand Jane , Li Li , Getz Gad , Beroukhim Rameen , Lohr Scott , Wu Thomas D. , Cavet Guy , Zhang Zemin , Chant John 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAnalysis of recurrent DNA amplification can lead to the identification of cancer driver genes, but this process is often hampered by the low resolution of existing copy number analysis platforms. Fifty‐one breast tumors were profiled for copy number alterations (CNAs) with the high‐resolution Affymetrix 500K SNP array. These tumors were also expression‐profiled and surveyed for mutations in selected genes commonly mutated in breast cancer (TP53,CDKN2A,ERBB2,KRAS,PIK3CA,PTEN). Combined analysis of common CNAs and mutations revealed putative associations between features. Analysis of both the prevalence and amplitude of CNAs defined regions of recurrent alteration. Compared with previous array comparative genomic hybridization studies, our analysis provided boundaries for frequently altered regions that were approximately one‐fourth the size, greatly reducing the number of potential alteration‐driving genes. Expression data from matched tumor samples were used to further interrogate the functional relevance of genes located in recurrent amplicons. Although our data support the importance of some known driver genes such asERBB2, refined amplicon boundaries at other locations, such as 8p11‐12 and 11q13.5‐q14.2, greatly reduce the number of potential driver genes and indicate alternatives to commonly suggested driver genes in some cases. For example, the previously reported recurrent amplification at 17q23.2 is reduced to a 249 kb minimal region containing the putative driverRPS6KB1as well as the putative oncogenic microRNAmir‐21. High‐resolution copy number analysis provides refined insight into many breast cancer amplicons and their relationships to gene expression, point mutations and breast cancer subtype classifications. This article contains Supplementary Material available athttp://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.