bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in patients after secondary peritonitis
Authors: Boer Kimberly R , Mahler Cecilia W , Unlu Cagdas , Lamme Bas , Vroom Margreeth B , Sprangers Mirjam A , Gouma Dirk J , Reitsma Johannes B , De Borgie Corianne A , Boermeester Marja A 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to determine the long-term prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomology in patients following secondary peritonitis and to determine whether the prevalence of PTSD-related symptoms differed between patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and patients admitted only to the surgical ward.

Method
A retrospective cohort of consecutive patients treated for secondary peritonitis was sent a postal survey containing a self-report questionnaire, namely the Post-traumatic Stress Syndrome 10-question inventory (PTSS-10). From a database of 278 patients undergoing surgery for secondary peritonitis between 1994 and 2000, 131 patients were long-term survivors (follow-up period at least four years) and were eligible for inclusion in our study, conducted at a tertiary referral hospital in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Results
The response rate was 86%, yielding a cohort of 100 patients; 61% of these patients had been admitted to the ICU. PTSD-related symptoms were found in 24% (95% confidence interval 17% to 33%) of patients when a PTSS-10 score of 35 was chosen as the cutoff, whereas the prevalence of PTSD symptomology when borderline patients scoring 27 points or more were included was 38% (95% confidence interval 29% to 48%). In a multivariate analyses controlling for age, sex, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, number of relaparotomies and length of hospital stay, the likelihood of ICU-admitted patients having PTSD symptomology was 4.3 times higher (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 16.5) than patients not admitted to the ICU, using a PTSS-10 score cutoff of 35 or greater. Older patients and males were less likely to report PTSD symptoms.

Conclusion
Nearly a quarter of patients receiving surgical treatment for secondary peritonitis developed PTSD symptoms. Patients admitted to the ICU were at significantly greater risk for having PTSD symptoms after adjusting for baseline differences, in particular age.
Boosting with stumps for predicting transcription start sites
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyue , Xuan Zhenyu , Zhang Michael Q 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPromoter prediction is a difficult but important problem in gene finding, and it is critical for elucidating the regulation of gene expression. We introduce a new promoter prediction program, CoreBoost, which applies a boosting technique with stumps to select important small-scale as well as large-scale features. CoreBoost improves greatly on locating transcription start sites. We also demonstrate that by further utilizing some tissue-specific information, better accuracy can be achieved.
Age-Associated Discrepancy between Measured and Calculated Bioavailable Testosterone in Men
Authors: Déchaud Henri , Denuzière Anne , Rinaldi Sabina , Bocquet Julien , Lejeune Hervé , Pugeat Michel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground: Bioavailable testosterone (BT) concentration is considered the best marker for evaluating testicular function in men. The decrease of BT in older men is more pronounced than the decrease in total testosterone because of the parallel increase in sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations. Measurement of BT is therefore crucial for the diagnosis of hypoandrogenism in the aging male population.Methods: We compared BT concentrations measured by a specific RIA after ammonium sulfate precipitation (BTmeas) with those obtained by theoretical calculations (BTcal) in plasma samples from 694 young men (14 to 49 years old) and 51 older men (50 to 81 years old). We based theoretical calculations on Vermeulen’s simplified mass equation using total testosterone and SHBG concentrations.Results: BTcal and BTmeas correlated significantly in young (Pearson r = 0.87) and aging (r = 0.89) men, but the BTcal:BTmeas ratio differed markedly between the 2 groups (2.28 vs 3.48; P &lt;0.001).Conclusions: In men, there is an age-associated discrepancy between calculated and measured BT concentrations. We suggest some hypotheses for the discrepancy, but additional studies will be performed to finally elucidate this difference in results and to determine the most appropriate method for BT measurements in older men.
Light‐dependent retinal innervation of the rat superior colliculus
Authors: Prichard J. Roxanne , Armacanqui Hilda S. , Benca Ruth M. , Behan Mary 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMammalian retinal projections are divided into two anatomically and functionally distinct systems: the primary visual system, which mediates conscious visual processing, and the subcortical visual system, which mediates nonconscious responses to light. Light deprivation during a critical period in development alters the anatomy, physiology, and function of the primary visual system in many mammalian species. However, little is known about the influence of dark‐rearing on the development of the subcortical visual system. To evaluate whether the early lighting environment alters the anatomy of the subcortical visual system, we examined the retinas and retinofugal projections of rats reared in a 12:12 light/dark cycle or in constant dark from birth to 4 months of age. We found that dark‐rearing was associated with a reduction in the distribution of retinal fibers in the stratum opticum of the contralateral superior colliculus. In contrast to the plasticity of the retinocollicular projection, retinal input to sleep, circadian, and pupillary control centers in the hypothalamus, pretectum, and lateral geniculate complex was unaffected by dark‐rearing. A decrease in retinal innervation of the stratum opticum and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus may account for some of the deficits in multisensory integration that have been observed in dark‐reared animals of several species. Anat Rec 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relative gene expression quantification in a fungal gas‐phase biofilter
Authors: Gunsch Claudia K. , Kinney Kerry A. , Szaniszlo Paul J. , Whitman Christian P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonitoring of gas‐phase biofilter performance generally relies on macroscale measurements that neglect the molecular level phenomena that can control the biodegradation process. The present study was undertaken to determine whether or not quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) could detect changes in relative gene expression resulting from feed variations typically encountered in the field. Specifically, homogentisate‐1,2‐dioxygenase, ElHDO, expression was quantified as a function of short‐term chemical feed variations and shutdown period in a biofilter seeded with a pure culture of the fungus Exophiala lecanii‐corni. ElHDO was previously shown to be involved in ethylbenzene degradation in E. lecanii‐corni. Overall, relative gene target expression numbers (TN) were consistent with gas‐phase biofilter performance during each short‐term experiment although no direct mathematical correlation was found between TN and ethylbenzene removal rate. During the chemical feed experiments, no effect on TN was measured in the presence of o‐xylene which does not affect ElHDO expression. In the presence of phenylacetate, an inducer of ElHDO, TN increased once a threshold substrate concentration was exceeded. When methyl propyl ketone, a repressor of ElHDO, was introduced, TN decreased rapidly and acted as a leading indicator of bioreactor failure. In the transient loading experiments, ElHDO expression slowly decreased over a 24‐h time period when the ethylbenzene feed was discontinued, but rapidly recovered upon its re‐introduction. These results indicate that qRT‐PCR reflects microbial activity changes that occur in gas‐phase biofilters in response to short‐term changes in feed conditions and provides a useful complement to the macroscale measurements typically collected. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 98: 101–111. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of chiral technology in a pharmaceutical company. Enantiomeric separation and spectroscopic studies of key asymmetric intermediates using a combination of techniques. Phenylglycidols
Authors: McConnell Oliver , He Yanan , Nogle Lisa , Sarkahian Ani 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPhenylglycidols substituted in the 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐ positions with fluorine, chlorine, and trifluoromethyl, and with methoxy in the 3‐ position, were synthesized from the corresponding E‐cinnamic acids and separated into their (R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐ enantiomers using subcritical fluid chromatography with mixtures of MeOH in CO2, on either a Chiralpak AD or AS chiral stationary phase. These compounds and commercially‐available (R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐phenylglycidol were analyzed for their vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and optical rotation (OR) properties to exemplify a strategy whereby the absolute stereochemistry of common and key chiral intermediates is established early in the structure‐activity and structure‐property relationship phase of a drug discovery program in a pharmaceutical company. From this study, substituents in the phenyl group of the synthesized molecules were found not to grossly alter spectroscopic features, and therefore, diagnostic absorption bands in the respective VCD spectra, and the sign and shape of the measured ECD curves could be used to determine and track the absolute stereochemistry of analogs without necessarily requiring time‐consuming ab initio calculations of all low energy conformers for all compounds. VCD, OR, and ECD calculations for the determination of absolute configuration carried out at the DFT level with the hybrid B3PW91 functional and the TZVP basis set were found to be especially useful in this study. Chirality, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fundamental characteristics and 3D electromagnetic analysis for magnetic levitation transporter using YBCO superconductors
Authors: Ueda Hiroshi , Iwamoto Mami , Kudo Yuhya , Ishiyama Atsushi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA magnetic levitation device with two‐dimensional movement, the so‐called “levitating X‐Y transporter,” has been developed. In order to develop a working levitating X‐Y transporter, it is necessary to clarify the levitation characteristics, such as the lift force, levitation height, and stability against mechanical disturbances. In this paper, we examine the lift and the restoring force experimentally and propose a new simulation program based on the three‐dimensional hybrid finite and boundary element method to analyze the dynamic behavior of electromagnetic characteristics of YBCO bulk. Using the numerical simulation and experiments, we investigated a suitable arrangement of permanent magnets to enhance the levitation characteristics. We also designed a levitating transporter which can carry a load of 200 kg with a gap of 16 mm. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(2): 44–54, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20220
Parallel voltage sag compensator with reduced capacitance using a boost‐type power factor correction rectifier
Authors: Kojima Tetsuya , Takauchi Toshihiko , Ise Toshifumi , Iyoda Isao , Kono Yoshiyuki , Temma Koji , Sasao Hiroyuki , Yamasaki Kiyomi , Inoue Nobuyoshi , Takeuchi Yasunori 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new circuit of parallel‐type voltage sag compensator is proposed in this paper. The proposed voltage sag compensator can reduce the necessary capacity of the energy storage capacitor for compensation by boost‐type power factor correction rectifier charging the capacitor during a voltage sag. As a result the proposed system can reduce the size and maintenance of the apparatus. Copyright © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This paper shows the principle and control system of the proposed circuit. Compensation characteristics were demonstrated by simulation and experiment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(2): 19–33, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20261
Solution of job‐shop scheduling problems by an idle time shortening genetic algorithm
Authors: Ida Kenichi , Osawa Akira 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new idle time shortening method for job‐shop scheduling problems (JSPs). We insert our method into a genetic algorithm (GA). The purpose of JSP is to find a schedule with the minimum makespan. We consider that it is effective to reduce idle time of a machine in order to improve the makespan. The left shift is well‐known among existing algorithms for shortening idle time. The left shift cannot arrange the work to idle time. For that reason, some idle times are not shortened by left shift. We propose two kinds of algorithms which shorten such idle time. Next, we combine these algorithms and the reversal of a schedule. We apply GA with its algorithm to benchmark problems and demonstrate its effectiveness. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(2): 55–63, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20389
Fundamental examination of hybrid‐type double three‐phase stepping motor
Authors: Tozune Akira , Hashimoto Hideyuki , Sakamoto Masafumi , Takeuchi Toru 
Published: February 2007

AbstractResolution of the hybrid‐type stepping motor can be improved either by increasing the number of rotor teeth or by increasing the number of phases. But the number of rotor teeth can be increased only to a certain degree limited by obvious constraints of mechanical machining, while an increase in the number of rotor teeth causes the deterioration of high‐speed characteristics. On the other hand, an increase of the number of phases leads to higher production costs due to a greater complexity of the drive circuit. Copyright © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.In this paper, we examine a double three‐phase stepping motor having two sets of three‐phase stator windings as a means of improving the resolution of HB‐type stepping motors. The step angle of the proposed motor is half that of the three‐phase stepping motor with the same number of rotor teeth. The proposed double three‐phase motor is implemented in two types of the magnetic path configuration (multiphase magnetic path type and uniphase magnetic path type). Methods of selection of the number of rotor teeth and the stator pole pitch for the double three‐phase stepping motor of both types of the magnetic path are discussed, and characteristics of the motors having the multiphase magnetic path are compared with those of motors with the uniphase magnetic path. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(2): 72– 79, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20442
Mononuclear and Heterodinuclear Metal Complexes of Nonsymmetric Ditertiary Phosphanes Derived from R2PCH2OH
Authors: Brown Gavin M. , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Lake Andrew J. , Sanchez‐Ballester Noelia M. , Smith Martin B. , Varley Thomas S. , Blann Kevin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe new nonsymmetric ditertiary phosphanes, Ph2PCH2N(R)CH2PAd [3a: R = C6H5, 3b: R = C6H4(4‐CH3)] were prepared using a three‐step sequence of condensation reactions. Hence treatment of AdP‐H (AdP‐H = 1,3,5,7‐tetramethyl‐2,4,8‐trioxa‐6‐phosphaadamantane) with (CH2O)n at 110 °C gave the adamantane‐derived hydroxymethylphosphane 1, which upon condensation with C6H5NH2 or C6H4(4‐CH3)NH2 gave the secondary aminophosphanes HN(R)CH2PAd [2a: R = C6H5, 2b: R = C6H4(4‐CH3)]. Further condensation of 2a or 2b with Ph2PCH2OH gave 3a or 3b in high yields (ca. 85 %) containing the sterically encumbered adamantane cage. The coordination capabilities of 2a, 3a and 3b have been explored with various PdII, PtII, RuII, IrIII and AuI metal centres. Bridge cleavage of {Pd(κ2‐C,N‐C16H16N)Br}2 with 2 equiv. of 2a gave the neutral, mononuclear complex Pd(κ2‐C,N‐C16H16N)Br(2a) (4). Reaction of 3a/3b with MCl2(cod) (M = Pt, Pd) gave the corresponding κ2‐P,P′‐chelate complexes cis‐MCl2(3) [5a: M = Pt, R = C6H5, 5b: Pt, R = C6H4(4‐CH3), 5c: Pd, R = C6H5, 5d: Pd, R = C6H4(4‐CH3)]. In contrast, bridge cleavage of the dimers {RuCl2(η6‐p‐cym)}2 or {IrCl2(η5‐Cp*)}2 with 3a gave the κ1‐P‐monodentate complexes RuCl2(η6‐p‐cym)(3a) (6) and IrCl2(η5‐Cp*)(3a) (7), respectively, in which the –PAd group is noncoordinating. Reaction of 6 or 7 with AuCl(tht) (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) gave the mixed‐metal complexes κ2‐P,P′‐μ‐RuCl2(η6‐p‐cym){Ph2PCH2N(Ph)CH2PAd(AuCl)} (8) and κ2‐P,P′‐μ‐IrCl2(η5‐Cp*){Ph2PCH2N(Ph)CH2PAd(AuCl)} (9). All new compounds have been fully characterised by spectroscopic and analytical methods. Furthermore, the structures of 2a, 4, 5a, 5b and 6–9 have been elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The X‐ray structures of 5a, 5b and 6–9 represent the first examples of crystallographically characterised nonsymmetric ditertiary phosphane complexes bearing one adamantane moiety. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Preparation and evaluation of a series of α‐hydroxy ethers from 9,10‐epoxystearates
Authors: Moser Bryan R. , Erhan Sevim Z. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral novel α‐hydroxy ethers were prepared by treatment of isobutyl 9,10‐epoxystearate with a number of aliphatic alcohols in the presence of acid catalyst in good overall yield from oleic acid. The low‐temperature behavior of each material was analyzed through cloud point (CP) and pour point (PP) determination. The most desirable α‐hydroxy ether prepared in this study was isobutyl 9(10)‐(2‐ethylhexoxy)‐10(9)‐hydroxystearate. Therefore, additional α‐hydroxy‐2‐ethylhexyl ethers were produced from alkyl 9,10‐epoxystearates (alkyl: butyl, hexyl, 2‐methylpentyl, 2‐ethylbutyl, 2‐ethylhexyl) to explore the effect of ester variability on CP and PP of the optimized 2‐ethylhexyl ether moiety. The most bulky ester group, 2‐ethylhexyl, exhibited the most favorable low‐temperature performance, which in the case of 2‐ethylhexyl 9(10)‐(2‐ethylhexoxy)‐10(9)‐hydroxystearate yielded a CP of –26 °C and a PP of –29 °C. An improved synthesis of 2‐ethylhexyl 9(10)‐(2‐ethylhexoxy)‐10(9)‐hydroxystearate was then developed from oleic acid. Lastly, in an effort to optimize yield, sulfuric acid at 10 mol‐% was found to be the most effective acid catalyst in the conversion of epoxides to α‐hydroxy ethers.
A sequential equilibrium for the army's targeted selective reenlistment bonus program
Authors: Carrell Scott E. , West James E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWecompute a sequential equilibrium for the U.S.Army'sTargeted Selective Reenlistment Bonus Program in whichtheArmy offers a bonus, soldiers with a low cost of serving in an undesirable location accept the bonus and are sent to an undesirable location, and soldiers with a high cost of serving in an undesirable location reenlist but decline the bonus.Wefind that this program benefits both theArmy and soldiers, increases retention, increases the number of soldierswho serve in an undesirable location, and better matches soldiers to assignments.We discuss implications of our model on human resource management practices for theArmy in its administration of the bonus program and its application to other large organizations that set wages through a rules‐based mechanism. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reflecting on the military's best practices
Authors: Jordan Rita A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe asked two leaders with experience in both military and corporate leadership, Dr. Ervin J. Rokke andWalter F. Ulmer Jr., to describe their perceptions of the differences between these two arenas. Both believe that compared to most corporate entities, the military provides greater opportunities for early leadership, uses participation and feedback to strengthen communications, prioritizes the welfare of subordinates, and emphasizes a foundation of core values.They also note that the transparency of both corporate and military approaches to leadership has led to shared learning and that despite operating in different environments, military and business have much to learn from eachother.©2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High modulus nanopowder reinforced dimethacrylate matrix composites for dental cement applications
Authors: Wang Yijun , Lee James J. , Lloyd Isabel K. , Wilson Otto C. , Rosenblum Marc , Thompson Van 
Published: February 2007

AbstractResults from the study of a novel, high modulus nanopowder filled resin composite are presented. This composite is developed to serve (1) as a high stiffness support to all‐ceramic crowns and (2) as a means of joining independently fabricated crown core and veneer layers. Nanosized Al2O3 (average particle size 47 nm) reinforcement provides stiffness across joins. Two systems are examined: Al2O3 with 50:50 bis‐GMA:TEGDMA monomers (ALBT) and Al2O3 with pure TEGDMA (ALT). To obtain higher filler levels, surfactant is used to aid mixing and increase maximum weight percent of nanopowder filler from 72 to 80. The loading level of Al2O3 has significant effects on composite properties. The elastic modulus for cured ALBT systems increases from 4.6 GPa (0 wt % filler) to 29.2 GPa (80 wt % filler). The elastic modulus for cured ALT systems increases from 3.0 GPa (0 wt % filler) to 22.9 GPa (80 wt % filler). Similarly, ALBT hardness increases from 200 MPa (0% filler) to 949 MPa (80 wt % filler), and ALT hardness increases from 93 MPa (0% filler) to 760 MPa (80 wt % filler). Our results indicate that with a generally monodispersed nanosized high modulus filler relatively high elastic modulus resin based composite cements are possible. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Characterization of a slowly degrading biodegradable polyesterurethane for tissue engineering scaffolds
Authors: Henry Jerome A. , Simonet Marc , Pandit Abhay , Neuenschwander Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to develop and characterize a novel, slowly degrading polyesterurethane. In this study, a polyesterurethane with a crystalline segment of poly((R)‐3‐hydroxybutyric acid)‐diol linked by a diisocyanate to an amorphous segment of poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐glycolide)‐diol was synthesized. Porous and nonporous scaffolds were processed using electrospinning and solvent casting respectively. The morphology, pore size, and filament diameter of the mesh and film were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal properties were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A degradation study was initiated to characterize the change in mechanical properties, molecular weight, and surface morphology over 12 months using tensile testing, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and SEM respectively. Concomitantly, cell morphology and viability on these variants were investigated using fibroblasts. The mechanical test data indicated a gradual decrease in the ultimate tensile strength and strain to break while the modulus of elasticity remained stable. GPC data suggested a slow decrease in the molecular weight while SEM examination revealed changed surface morphologies. The in vitro studies implied that the novel poly‐esterurethane was not cytotoxic and that the mesh was a more favorable scaffold towards cell viability. The summation of these results suggests that this polyesterurethane has the potential for tissue engineering applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007