bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative pathogenicity of Nocardia seriolae in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), milkfish (Chanos chanos) and Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)
Authors: Nazareth Sandra Celenia , Cheng Li‐Wu , Wang Pei‐Chi , Chen Shih‐Chu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNocardiosis, caused by Nocardia seriolae, has been a prominent disease in Southeast Asian aquaculture in the last three decades. This granulomatous disease reported in various fish species is responsible for significant economic losses. This study investigated the pathogenicity of N. seriolae in three cultured species in Taiwan: Nile tilapia (omnivore), milkfish (herbivore) and Asian seabass (carnivore). Administration of an infective dose of 1 × 106 CFU/ fish in tilapia, seabass and milkfish demonstrated mortalities of 100%, 90% and 75%, respectively. Additionally, clinical signs namely, granuloma and lesions displayed varying intensities between the groups and pathological scores. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification specific for N. seriolae was confirmed to be positive (432 bp) using NS1/NG1 primers. Post‐mortem lesions revealed the absence of granulomas in tilapia and milkfish and their presence in the seabass. Interestingly, the gut in tilapia showed an influx of eosinophils suggesting its role during the acute stages of infection. However, post‐challenge, surviving milkfish exhibited granulomatous formations, while surviving seabass progressed toward healing and tissue repair within sampled tissues. Overall, in conclusion, these results demonstrate the versatility in the immunological ability of individual Perciformes to contain this pathogen as a crucial factor that influences its degree of susceptibility.
Comorbidities, healthcare use, and contact with healthcare transition services in older veterans after incarceration
Authors: Hwong Alison R. , Barry Lisa C. , Li Yixia , Byers Amy L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Health Care for Reentry Veterans (HCRV) program was established to support community reintegration for veterans after incarceration. Yet, it is unclear how those with and without HCRV contact differ. We sought to evaluate differences in medical and psychiatric conditions and healthcare utilization among mid‐to late‐life reentry veterans who did and did not receive HCRV outreach.MethodsStudy participants were veterans aged ≥50 years who qualified for Medicare fee‐for‐service, had experienced incarceration for ≥1 year, and were released from incarceration between October 1, 2006, and September 30, 2018 (N = 9733). Using VA and Medicare claims data, we compared prevalence of medical and psychiatric diagnoses, and use of emergency, inpatient, and outpatient medical and mental health services up to 12 months after release between those with and without HCRV contact.ResultsVeterans with HCRV contact (35.5%) had significantly higher rates of psychiatric conditions and medical conditions related to substance use (e.g., liver disease) compared to veterans without HCRV contact. Average time between release and first healthcare service use was significantly lower for HCRV veterans (36.5 ± SD 59.5 days) versus non‐HCRV veterans (58.9 ± SD 77.5 days) and HCRV veterans were more likely to utilize the emergency department, inpatient and outpatient mental health services, and inpatient medical services.ConclusionHCRV reaches older reentry veterans with a large burden of mental health and substance use disorders. However, levels of multimorbidity were high among all older reentry veterans, pointing to a need to develop specialized geriatric models of care for this reentry population.
Pragmatic implementation of comprehensive dementia care management: The Cedars‐Sinai C.A.R.E.S. Program preliminary data
Authors: Tan Zaldy S. , Qureshi Nabeel , Spivack Erica , Rhinehart Deana , Gatmaitan Dyane , Guinto Augustine , Kremen Sarah , Sicotte Nancy L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe United States faces a growing challenge with over 6.5 million people living with dementia (PLwD). PLwD and their caregivers struggle with cognitive, functional, behavioral, and psychosocial issues. As dementia care shifts to home settings, caregivers receive inadequate support but bear increasing responsibilities, leading to higher healthcare costs. In response, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) introduced the Guiding an Improving Dementia Experience (GUIDE) Model. The study explores the real‐world implementation of the Cedars‐Sinai C.A.R.E.S. Program, a pragmatic dementia care model, detailing its recruitment process and initial outcomes.MethodsThe Cedars‐Sinai C.A.R.E.S. Program was integrated into the Epic electronic health record system and focused on proactive patient identification, engagement, interdisciplinary collaboration, care transitions, and ongoing care management. Eligible patients with a dementia diagnosis were identified through electronic health record and invited to join the program. Nurse practitioners with specialized training in dementia care performed comprehensive assessments using the CEDARS‐6 tool, leading to personalized care plans developed in consultation with primary care providers. Patients benefited from a multidisciplinary team and support from care navigators.ResultsOf the 781 eligible patients identified, 431 were enrolled in the C.A.R.E.S. Program. Enrollees were racially diverse, with lower caregiver strain and patient behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) severity compared to other programs dementia care programs. Healthcare utilization, including hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) admissions, and urgent care visits showed a downward trend over time. Completion of advanced directives and Physician Order of Life‐Sustaining Treatment (POLST) increased after enrollment.ConclusionThe Cedars‐Sinai C.A.R.E.S. Program offers a promising approach to dementia care. Its real‐world implementation demonstrates the feasibility of enrolling a diverse population and achieving positive outcomes for PLwD and their caregivers, supporting the goals of national dementia care initiatives.
Platelet‐rich plasma as a new and successful treatment for lichen planopilaris: A controlled blinded randomized clinical trial
Authors: Behrangi Elham , Akbarzadehpasha Amirhossein , Dehghani Abbas , Zare Sona , Ghassemi Mohammadreza , Zeinali Roya , Goodarzi Azadeh , Lotfi Zahra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionLichen planopilaris (LPP) is one of the most common causes of scarring hair loss caused by immune‐mediated inflammation resulting in atrophy and scaling. The key to preventing this irreversible hair loss is diagnosing and starting treatment at the earliest possible stage. As there is no definite cure for LPP, the therapy could be challenging. In the study, we conducted a single‐blinded randomized clinical trial to evaluate the therapeutic effects, safety, and tolerability of platelet‐rich plasma versus topical clobetasol in the treatment of LPP.MethodA randomized single‐blinded controlled clinical trial was conducted in 24 LPP patients referring to our dermatology clinic between August 2022 and March 2023. Patients in the control group were treated with topical clobetasol 0.05% applied at night, and patients in the case group, in addition to topical clobetasol, received three sessions of PRP injection monthly. Both groups were assessed 1, 2, and 6 months after the start of the study by the Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index (LPPAI), physician and patient satisfaction, tolerability, and recording adverse effects.ResultsThe average age in the clobetasol and PRP groups was 43.75 ± 13.51 and 42.75 ± 9.67, respectively (p = 0.83). In terms of gender, all 12 cases (100%) in the clobetasol group and 9 cases (75%) in the PRP group were female (p = 0.21). Both PRP and topical clobetasol effectively reduced LPPAI in the first 2 months; however, after 6 months, the LPPAI significantly increased in the clobetasol group (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences in LPPAI between the two groups at the beginning of the study and after 1 month. However, the mean LPPAI score in the clobetasol group was significantly higher than in the PRP group at 2 and 6 months after the start of the study (p = 0.01). Patient satisfaction with treatment increased in both groups during follow‐up sessions, but at the end of the follow‐up period, it was significantly higher in the PRP group (p = 0.03). Finally, the study did not have any serious adverse effects, and the pain experienced during PRP injection was tolerable for the patients. Overall, treatment tolerability was excellent in both groups.ConclusionGiven the different efficacy profiles, PRP could be considered a new and effective choice for the treatment of LPP.
Crown adjustment and chairside efficiency of single‐unit restorations fabricated from immediate and staged impressions using a digital workflow for posterior implants
Authors: Ren Shuxin , Jiang Xi , Lin Ye , Di Ping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThis is a clinical study to compare immediate and staged impression methods in a complete digital workflow for single‐unit implants in the posterior area.Materials and MethodsSixty patients requiring single‐unit implant crowns were enrolled. Forty patients were assigned to the test group, immediate digital impression after implant surgery with crown delivery 4 months later. The remaining 20 patients were assigned to the control group, staged digital impressions 4 months after implant surgery, and crown delivery 1 month later. Both workflows involved free‐model CAD‐CAM crown fabrications. The crowns were scanned before and after clinical adjustment using an intraoral scanner (TRIOS Color; 3Shape). Two 3D digital models were trimmed and superimposed to evaluate the dimensional changes using Geomagic Control software. Chairside times for the entire workflow were recorded. Kruskal–Wallis was performed to compare crown adjustments between two groups, while One‐way ANOVA was used to compare chairside time durations between the test and control groups.ResultsAll crowns were delivered without refabrication. The average maximum occlusion adjustment of crowns was −353.2 ± 207.1 μm in the test group and −212.7 ± 150.5 μm in the control group (p = 0.02). The average area of occlusal adjustment, measured as an area of deviation larger than 100 μm, was 14.8 ± 15.3 and 8.4 ± 8.1 mm2 in the test and control groups, respectively (p = 0.056). There were no significant differences in the mesial and distal contact adjustment amounts, or the maximum deviations of the proximal area, between the two groups. The mean chair‐side time was 50.25 ± 13.48 and 51.20 ± 5.34 min in the test and control groups, respectively (p = 0.763).ConclusionsThe immediate impression method in the digital workflow for single‐unit implants required more occlusal adjustments of crowns but showed similar chairside times compared to the staged impression method.
Validity of ICD‐10 diagnosis codes for placenta accreta spectrum disorders
Authors: Jotwani Anjali R. , Lyell Deirdre J. , Butwick Alexander J. , Rwigi Wanjiru , Leonard Stephanie A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10) includes diagnosis codes for placenta accreta spectrum for the first time. These codes could enable valuable research and surveillance of placenta accreta spectrum, a life‐threatening pregnancy complication that is increasing in incidence.ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate the validity of placenta accreta spectrum diagnosis codes that were introduced in ICD‐10 and assess contributing factors to incorrect code assignments.MethodsWe calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the ICD‐10 placenta accreta spectrum code assignments after reviewing medical records from October 2015 to March 2020 at a quaternary obstetric centre. Histopathologic diagnosis was considered the gold standard.ResultsAmong 22,345 patients, 104 (0.46%) had an ICD‐10 code for placenta accreta spectrum and 51 (0.23%) had a histopathologic diagnosis. ICD‐10 codes had a sensitivity of 0.71 (95% CI 0.56, 0.83), specificity of 0.98 (95% CI 0.93, 1.00), positive predictive value of 0.61 (95% CI 0.48, 0.72) and negative predictive value of 1.00 (95% CI 0.96, 1.00). The sensitivities of the ICD‐10 codes for placenta accreta spectrum subtypes— accreta, increta and percreta—were 0.55 (95% CI 0.31, 0.78), 0.33 (95% CI 0.12, 0.62) and 0.56 (95% CI 0.31, 0.78), respectively. Cases with incorrect code assignment were less morbid than cases with correct code assignment, with a lower incidence of hysterectomy at delivery (17% vs 100%), blood transfusion (26% vs 75%) and admission to the intensive care unit (0% vs 53%). Primary reasons for code misassignment included code assigned to cases of occult placenta accreta (35%) or to cases with clinical evidence of placental adherence without histopatholic diagnostic (35%) features.ConclusionThese findings from a quaternary obstetric centre suggest that ICD‐10 codes may be useful for research and surveillance of placenta accreta spectrum, but researchers should be aware of likely substantial false positive cases.
Terms‐of‐trade effects of productivity shocks in developing economies
Authors: Özçelik Emre , Tuğan Mustafa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the terms‐of‐trade effects of economy‐specific shocks to productivity in developing economies using a panel vector autoregression model with interactive fixed effects and the “max‐share” approach. We find that the terms of trade after unanticipated changes in economy‐specific productivity mostly exhibit insignificant dynamics in the developing economies. However, we present evidence that they can significantly deteriorate in a particular set of developing countries, namely the ones with a high score on technological deepening and upgrading.
A proof‐of‐concept study evaluating cardiac compression techniques for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in laying hens (Gallus gallus)
Authors: Eisenbarth Jessica , Cummings Charles O. , Rozanski Elizabeth A. , Karlin Emily , Rush John 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine in adult chickens which of 3 CPR techniques, sternal compressions (SC), SC with interposed caudal coelomic compressions (ICCC), or lateral compressions (LC), results in the highest mean systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) as measured directly from the carotid artery.DesignProspective, nonblinded, experimental crossover study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital laboratory.AnimalsTen retired laying hens.InterventionsBirds were sedated, anesthetized, and placed in dorsal recumbency. A carotid artery catheter was placed to directly measure arterial pressure. Ventricular fibrillation was induced with direct cardiac stimulation using a 9‐Volt battery. Each bird then received 2 minutes of the 3 different cardiac compression techniques in a random order by 3 different compressors, with the compressor order also randomized. Birds were subsequently administered IV epinephrine, and transthoracic defibrillation was attempted. At the end of experimentation, each bird was euthanized, and simple gross necropsies were performed. Linear mixed models followed by pairwise paired t‐tests were performed to evaluate differences in pressures generated by each technique.Measurements and Main ResultsThe primary study outcomes were SAP, DAP, and MAP over 2 minutes of compressions for each compression technique. Pressures from ICCC (SAP: 27.6 ± 5.3 mm Hg, DAP: 18.7 ± 5.2 mm Hg, MAP: 21.7 ± 5.2 mm Hg) were significantly higher than those from LC (SAP: 18.9 ± 5.4 mm Hg, DAP: 11.6 ± 4.1 mm Hg, MAP: 14.1 ± 4.5 mm Hg). Pressures from SC (SAP: 24.5 ± 6.4 mm Hg, DAP: 15.2 ± 4.3 mm Hg, MAP: 18.3 ± 5.0 mm Hg) were not significantly different from ICCC or LC.ConclusionsExternal compressions can generate detectable increases in arterial pressure in chickens with ventricular fibrillation. SC with ICCC generated significantly higher arterial pressures than LC. SC alone generated blood pressures that were not significantly different from those generated by SC with ICCC or LC.
Quorum-sensing regulation of phenazine production heightens
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
resistance to ciprofloxacin
Authors: Xia Lexin , Li Yue , Wang Yufan , Zhou Hui , Dandekar Ajai A. , Wang Meizhen , Xu Feng 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Quorum sensing is a type of cell–cell communication that modulates various biological activities of bacteria. Previous studies indicate that quorum sensing contributes to the evolution of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we grew
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
in the presence of sub-lethal concentrations of ciprofloxacin, resulting in a large increase in ciprofloxacin minimal inhibitory concentration. We discovered that quorum sensing-mediated phenazine biosynthesis was significantly enhanced in the resistant isolates, where the quinolone circuit was the predominant contributor to this phenomenon. We found that production of pyocyanin changed carbon flux and showed that the effect can be partially inhibited by the addition of pyruvate to cultures. This study illustrates the role of quorum sensing-mediated phenotypic resistance and suggests a strategy for its prevention.
Suppression of host humoral immunity by
Borrelia burgdorferi
varies over the course of infection
Authors: Williams Megan T. , Zhang Yan , Pulse Mark E. , Berg Rance E. , Allen Michael S. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Borrelia burgdorferi
, the spirochetal agent of Lyme disease, utilizes a variety of strategies to evade and suppress the host immune response, which enables it to chronically persist in the host. The resulting immune response is characterized by unusually strong IgM production and a lack of long-term protective immunity. Previous studies in mice have shown that infection with
B. burgdorferi
also broadly suppresses host antibody responses against unrelated antigens. Here, we show that mice infected with
B. burgdorferi
and concomitantly immunized with recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein had an abrogated antibody response to the immunization. To further define how long this humoral immune suppression lasts, mice were immunized at 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-infection. Suppression of host antibody production against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein peaked at 2 weeks post-infection but continued for all timepoints measured. Antibody responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were also assessed following antibiotic treatment to determine whether this immune suppression persists or resolves following clearance of
B. burgdorferi
. Host antibody production against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein returned to baseline following antibiotic treatment; however, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM remained high, comparable to levels found in
B. burgdorferi
-infected but untreated mice. Thus, our data demonstrate restored IgG responses following antibiotic treatment but persistently elevated IgM levels, indicating lingering effects of
B. burgdorferi
infection on the immune system following treatment.
African swine fever virus NAM P1/95 is a mixture of genotype I and genotype VIII viruses
Authors: Goatley Lynnette C. , Freimanis Graham L. , Tennakoon Chandana , Bastos Armanda , Heath Livio , Netherton Christopher L. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

African swine fever virus causes a lethal hemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs. The NAM P1/1995 isolate was originally described as
B646L
genotype XVIII; however, full genome sequencing revealed that this assignment was incorrect.
Recent advances in the prevention and treatment of decompensated cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and the role of biomarkers
Authors: Trebicka Jonel , Hernaez Ruben , Shawcross Debbie Lindsay , Gerbes Alexander L 
Published: March 2024

The progression of cirrhosis with clinically significant portal hypertension towards decompensated cirrhosis remains clinically challenging and the evolution towards acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), with one or more extrahepatic organ failures, is associated with very high mortality. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in the understanding of the mechanisms leading to decompensation and ACLF. As portal hypertension advances, bacterial translocation across an impaired gut barrier culminates in endotoxaemia, systemic inflammation and cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID). Gut-derived systemic inflammation and CAID have become the logical targets for innovative therapies that prevent hepatic decompensation episodes and the progression to ACLF.Furthermore, classification of disease and biomarker discovery to personalise care have advanced in the field. This review discusses progress in biomarker discovery and personalisation of treatment in decompensated cirrhosis and ACLF.
Deep learning on pre-procedural computed tomography and clinical data predicts outcome following stroke thrombectomy
Authors: Diprose James P , Diprose William K , Chien Tuan-Yow , Wang Michael T M , McFetridge Andrew , Tarr Gregory P , Ghate Kaustubha , Beharry James , Hong JaeBeom , Wu Teddy , Campbell Doug , Barber P Alan 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundDeep learning using clinical and imaging data may improve pre-treatment prognostication in ischemic stroke patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).MethodsDeep learning models were trained and tested on baseline clinical and imaging (CT head and CT angiography) data to predict 3-month functional outcomes in stroke patients who underwent EVT. Classical machine learning models (logistic regression and random forest classifiers) were constructed to compare their performance with the deep learning models. An external validation dataset was used to validate the models. The MR PREDICTS prognostic tool was tested on the external validation set, and its performance was compared with the deep learning and classical machine learning models.ResultsA total of 975 patients (550 men; mean±SD age 67.5±15.1 years) were studied with 778 patients in the model development cohort and 197 in the external validation cohort. The deep learning model trained on baseline CT and clinical data, and the logistic regression model (clinical data alone) demonstrated the strongest discriminative abilities for 3-month functional outcome and were comparable (AUC 0.811 vs 0.817, Q=0.82). Both models exhibited superior prognostic performance than the other deep learning (CT head alone, CT head, and CT angiography) and MR PREDICTS models (all Q<0.05).ConclusionsThe discriminative performance of deep learning for predicting functional independence was comparable to logistic regression. Future studies should focus on whether incorporating procedural and post-procedural data significantly improves model performance.
The complex heavy quarkonium potential with the Gribov–Zwanziger action
Authors: Debnath Manas , Ghosh Ritesh , Haque Najmul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGribov–Zwanziger prescription in Yang–Mills theory improves the infrared dynamics. In this work, we study the static potential of a heavy quark-antiquark pair with the HTL resummed perturbation method within the Gribov–Zwanziger approach at finite temperature. The real and imaginary parts of the heavy quarkonium complex potential are obtained from the one-loop effective static gluon propagator. The one-loop effective gluon propagator is obtained by calculating the one-loop gluon self-energies containing the quark, gluon, and ghost loop. The gluon and ghost loops are modified in the presence of the Gribov parameter. We also calculate the decay width from the imaginary part of the potential. We also discuss the medium effect of heavy quarkonium potential with the localized action via auxiliary fields.