bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The time of oestrus and ovulation following various synchronisation techniques using progesterone impregnated intravaginal devices
Authors: CUMMING I. A. , McPHEE S. R. , CHAMLEY W. A. , FOLMAN Y. , DAVIS I. F. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Progesterone releasing intravaginal devices (PRIDs) were used in 4 experiments involving 67 cattle to study the effect of the stage of the oestrous cycle and of oestradiol benzoate (ODB) administration on the time interval from PRID removal to oestrus and/or ovulation. Cows in which PRIDs were inserted on days 2 to 4 of the oestrous cycle for 14 days were subsequently observed by endoscopy to ovulate significantly later than cows given identical treatments on days 13 and 14 of the cycle. The concentration of progesterone was higher in the former group at the time PRIDs were removed and remained at a higher level for 3 days thereafter. The length of the oestrous cycle of untreated heifers was significantly longer than in heifers treated for 12 days with PRIDs only inserted on day 3 of cycle (19.7 v 18.2; p <0.01). Treatment with PRIDs inserted for 12 days together with ODB further shortened the cycle length from 18.2 days to 16.9 days (p <0.01). The intervals from PRID removal to onset of standing oestrus in heifers treated with PRID only and those treated with PRID and ODB were 80h and 45h, respectively (p <0.01); the respective variances were 280 and 4; p <0.01). Plasma progesterone concentration, at PRID removal, was 3 times higher in heifers treated with PRID only than in heifers treated with PRID and ODB (p <0.01) and the interval from PRID removal to the lowest progesterone value following it was 3.8 and 1.2 days for the 2 groups, respectively (p <0.05).The study indicated that the stage of oestrous cycle at PRID insertion is an important factor which influences the interval from withdrawal of PRIDs to ovulation. The results suggest closer synchronisation would follow insertion in the mid‐luteal phase (Day 13 to 14) or use of ODB treatment at the time of insertion of PRIDs.
Effect of zeranol implantation on body weight changes in zebu crossbred cattle grazing tropical pasture
Authors: HODGE P. B. , THOMPSON P. J. M. , BOND J. H. , ROUND P. J. , TOLEMAN M. A. 
Published: March 2008

Nine experiments on the effect upon bodyweight change of subcutaneous ear implantation of 36 mg zeranol in 605 Bos indicus crossbred cattle were conducted. Bullocks aged 3 to 4 years, steers aged 18 months and entire heifers aged 18 to 30 months were used over the period January to August, 1980. They were grazed on 6 commercial farms in tropical northern Australia.Seven of the experiments examined the results of single implantation after the initial 60 to 97 days. Growth rates of untreated cattle in the January to May period ranged from 0.43 kg/day over 97 days in heifers to 1.07 kg/day in bullocks. Bodyweight gains attributed to zeranol ranged from 1.8 kg (4.3% increase) over 97 days in heifers (NS) to 22.3 kg (28.9% increase) over 90 days in 18 month‐old steers (P < 0.01). The significant bodyweight responses to zeranol treatment in all 5 experiments involving older 3‐to 4‐year‐old bullocks have not been previously reported. Hot dressed weights of the zeranol‐treated bullocks were significantly heavier than the untreated controls and dressing percentages were similar. Increases in bodyweight attributable to implantation with zeranol yielded 50 to 54% saleable carcase weight.Single‐, repeat‐, and non‐implanted treatments were compared over 186 days from January to August. Both zeranol treatments significantly out‐performed the controls (P < 0.05), and the repeat‐implanted bullocks gained 9.2 kg more than the single‐implanted bullocks (P<0.10) in spite of bodyweight tosses recorded in the 3 treatments over the final 105 days.In 2 experiments bullocks implanted once in January/February were weighed in August to monitor compensatory bodyweight changes after April/May. The cattle retained 72.4% and 92.6% of the original bodyweight advantage attributed to zeranol treatment, depending upon whether they lost or gained in bodyweight respectively during the April/May to August period.The commercial relevance of these results is discussed and suggestions are made for further work.
Multiple use of progesterone releasing intravaginal devices for synchronisation of oestrus and ovulation in cattle
Authors: McPHEE S. R. , DOYLE M. W. , DAVFS I. F. , CHAMLEY W. A. 
Published: March 2008

Experiments were conducted to investigate the possibility of using progesterone releasing intravaginal devices (PRIDs) more than once, for the purpose of synchronising oestrus and ovulation in dairy cows. In an initial study, PRIDs were inserted into 6 ovariectomised cows for 12 days on 3 separate occasions and blood samples were collected for progresterone assay. After removal, 3 PRIDs were sterilised by autoclaving and the other 3 by gassing with ethylene oxide. After PRID insertion progesterone concentration in plasma rose rapidly. Autoclaved PRIDs which were reused once and then twice, maintained blood progesterone profiles which were comparable to the release of progesterone from a new PRID. This was not the case when PRIDs were re‐used after gas sterilisation.In a second study, PRIDs were inserted into 41 dairy cows for 9 days and an injection of prostaglandin F2o was given one day before PRID removal. Onset of oestrus was determined by observation at intervals of 3 h for 30 min and time of ovulation was determined by endoscopy approximately 30 h after onset of oestrus. PRIDs were autoclaved after removal and re‐used twice.In cows which received new PRIDs, 85% came into oestrus between 30 and 60 h after removal. When PRIDs were used for the second time, 100% of cows showed oestrus within 30 to 60 h. When PRIDs were used for the third time the interval between PRID removal and onset of oestrus was highly variable. Only 29% of cows showed oestrus within 30 to 60 h whereas 59% showed oestrus between 12 and 42 h after PRID removal.The distribution in estimated time between PRID removal and ovulation followed closely the distribution of onset of oestrus for each insertion of PRIDs. The synchrony of ovulation was most concentrated for the second use of PRIDs and least for the third use. A few cows did not follow the general pattern of response.Indications that the PRID may be used more than once for synchronising oestrus and ovulation in the dairy cow, and the adoption of a 9‐day PRID insertion interval in any synchronisation schedule should result in a significant reduction in the cost of this technology.
Conception rates in cows after various synchronisation techniques using progesterone releasing intravaginal devices
Authors: FOLMAN Y. , McPHEE S. R. , CUMMING I. A. , DAVIS I. F. , CHAMLEY W. A. 
Published: March 2008

The effects of different treatments for oestrus synchronisation on the incidence of oestrus and fertility levels in dairy cows were studied in 2 experiments.In Experiment 1, 200 lactating cows were allotted to 5 groups and the treatments imposed were either; 1: Untreated controls, 2: An injection of 0.5 mg of cloprostenol followed 13 days later by a progesterone releasing intravaginal device (PRID) inserted for 12 days, 3: A PRID, with a capsule containing 10 mg of oestradiol benzoate (ODB) attached, inserted for 12 days, 4: A PRID inserted for 12 days with 0.5 mg of cloprostenol administered 24 h before PRID removal or, 5: As for 4 but 14 days after fixed‐time insemination a second PRID was inserted for 12 days. Treated cows were inseminated 56 h after PRID removal and at an observed oestrus during the subsequent 30 days. The control group was inseminated at an observed oestrus during this 30‐day period. For treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively, the percentage of cows showing oestrus by 60 h after PRID removal was 70, 40, 67 and 43 and conception rates to the fixed time insemination were 34, 33, 49 and 29%. Calving rates of cows inseminated at an observed oestrus during a 30‐day period were 70, 75, 70, 83 and 82% for treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively.In Experiment 2, 60 lactating cows were divided into 2 groups and the treatments imposed were either 1: An injection of 0.5 mg of cloprostenol followed 13 days later by a PRID inserted for 12 days or 2: As for 1 but 14 days after fixed‐time insemination a second PRID was inserted for 12 days. Treated cows were inseminated 56 h after PRID removal and at an observed oestrus over a period from the first insemination to 6 days after removal of the second PRID. For treatments 1 and 2, respectively, 73 and 71% of cows showed oestrus by 60 h after removal of the first PRID and 40% and 46% conceived to the fixed time insemination. The conception rates to inseminations over the treatment period were 73 and 70% for treatments 1 and 2, respectively.None of the treatments resulted in conception rates which were lower than those of control cows provided that treated cows were reinseminated at observed oestrus. Treatment 4 provided the most practicable technique for oestrus synchronisation.
A study of the epidemiology of infectious bursal disease in poultry in Queensland, 1976–1979
Authors: MacKENZIE M. A. , SPRADBROW P. B. 
Published: March 2008

The epidemiology of infectious bursal disease (IBD) was studied by serology and sometimes by visual examination of the bursa of Fabricius in poultry flocks in Queensland during 1976–1979.Ten flocks, each of approximately 30,000 meat breeding chickens, were surveyed. All chickens had maternally‐derived antibody against IBD virus (IBDV) at hatching and active antibody was not detected while the chickens were brooded on rearing farms. When distributed to breeding farms, 7 of the flocks developed antibody when 11 to 25 weeks of age. The remaining 3 flocks were vaccinated by infection of 10% of the birds and within 4 weeks more than 80% of the chickens had developed precipitating antibody to IBDV.Blood samples of 20 to 30 broiler chickens were collected at slaughter (7 to 9 weeks of age) from each of 312 broiler flocks raised on 37 contract farms. While the samples from 21 flocks were without detectable antibody to IBDV, all serum samples for 263 flocks contained antibody. The ratio of bursal weight to bodyweight was significantly lower in birds from 144 flocks having antibody to IBDV than in birds from 10 flocks that were without detectable antibody. In sequential studies, IBDV antibody became demonstrable in 27 of 30 flocks when the chickens were one to 6 weeks of age and was accompanied by bursal atrophy.Serological investigation of 4 flocks of layer breeding chickens on a multi‐age farm at approximately monthly intervals resulted in antibody to IBDV being detected at every examination.Serological tests and bursal examinations were carried out weekly in 2 flocks each of 4000 layer chickens between one and 20 weeks of age. Serum antibody developed in one flock at 4 weeks of age and in the other at 17 weeks of age. In both flocks, bursal atrophy occurred concurrently with the development of antibody.
Effect of anthelmintic treatment immediately after calving on milk production
Authors: MATHEWS G. L. , GRAY R. M. , McGOWAN A. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The effects of anthelmintic treatment on the milk production of cows subjected to contrasting nutritional conditions before and after calving were determined.Half of the cows in each of 2 management treatments were treated with 3.75 grams of fenbendazole on the second day after calving and twice more at weekly intervals. Treated and control cows were grazed together for the entire lactation.Treated cows produced 8% more (P<0.05) milk over the 20 weeks lactation than the untreated cows. One third of the total lactation response to anthelmintic treatment occurred during weeks 5 to 10 of lactation.The observed responses occurred despite equal larval challenge to treated and control cows and therefore the responses obtained are discussed in the context of a reduction in the worm burden.
Clinical findings in dogs and cats with lead poisoning
Authors: PRESCOTT C. W. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYOver an 11‐year period, 68 cases of lead poisoning were diagnosed in dogs and three in cats, accounting for 58.6% and 21.4% of the accidental poisonings in dogs and cats, respectively, presented at the Small Animal Clinic, University of Queensland. Of the dogs, 94% showed alimentary tract involvement and 67.6% central nervous system signs. Blood lead concentrations above 0.3 ppm were considered to indicate toxicity when associated with alimentary tract or central nervous system abnormalities. The percutaneous absorption of lead in dogs is proposed as a factor for intoxication.
Assessment of a complement fixation test to detect Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs
Authors: LLOYD L. C. , BADMAN R. T. , ETHERIDGE J. R. , McKECHNIE K. , IYER H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Serums from pigs slaughtered at abattoirs were tested for evidence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection using a complement fixation (CF) test which avoids the procomplementary effect of pig serum. To establish a diagnosis of enzootic pneumonia, the lungs from all sampled pigs were examined for pathological and histological changes consistent with the disease and cultures were made for mycoplasmas and bacteria. The study was carried out at Parkville and Bendigo 160 km apart at different times and all serums were tested at both laboratories. The results agreed closely.Thirty‐six of 97 pigs at Parkville and 46 of 99 at Bendigo had enzootic pneumonia. About 80% were positive in the CF test. Sixteen per cent of porkers and 36% of baconers gave false negative reactors, that is, a negative test though lesions were present. About 18% to 36% gave false positive reactions but the level in the porkers in the Bendigo group was significantly higher (p<0.02). Possible explanations include, for the false negatives, loss of reactivity caused by circulating antigen and for the false positives, cross reacting antibody produced by another infection or failure to appreciate that lesions of EP were present in lungs because either they were not identified as such or they were not detected. The validity of any serological test for this disease cannot be established while there is a possibility that the present methods used for diagnosis, gross and microscopic examination and recovery of M. hyopneumoniae, fail to detect some infected animals. Other criteria may have to be adopted.
Experimental medication of equine ringworm due to Trichophyton equinum var. autotrophkum
Authors: PASCOE R. R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Twelve medicaments were tested for their efficacy in the treatment of Trichophyton equinum var. autotrophicum; povidone iodine, thiabendazole ointment, captan ointment and Burroughs Wellcome Ringworm Ointment gave satisfactory results but their usefulness may be limited for treatment of large numbers of horses. Aqueous washes containing 0.5% hexetidine or 0.3% chloramine‐T did not prevent fungi being isolated from lesions for up to 7 days after treatment. Similarly neither etisazole nor thiabendazole suspension prevented fungi from being isolated from lesions for up to 15 days after treatment. Commonly used aqueous solution of 2.5% lime sulphur and 2% captan were least successful, as fungi could still be isolated from lesions for up to 30 days after treatment. The need to treat large numbers of horses may dictate the use of such solutions rather than ointments because of ease of application and cost factors.Treatments consisting of 10% nystatin ointment, 10% iodine fortis, 10% Medol and a proprietary ointment, Queensland Itch Dressing, were not satisfactory.Clinical appraisal and a scratch test must be used together to evaluate progress of treatment. Mass medication of large numbers of horses should be primarily aimed at reduction of spread of infection; normal hair growth should not be used as an indication of the removal of infective agents in the hair as regrowth was altered very little by medication. Hence assessments of cure on the basis of regrowth of hair alone are of dubious value.
A congenital vascular naevus in a foal
Authors: JABARA A. G. , HAZARD G. H. , O'SHEA J. D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY This paper describes a case of a congenital vascular malformation in the skin of a colt. The lesion arose at the coronary border of the right hind leg. The microscopic structure of a biopsy suggested that the lesion, consisting of multiple foci of closely‐packed convoluted small vessels in the dermis, represented a marked exaggeration of glomi which normally occur in considerable numbers in this region of the skin.On the basis of the clinical, macroscopic and histological findings, this lesion was considered to be an hamartoma, rather than a true tumour, and was therefore termed a congenital vascular naevus. The foal is remaining under observation to determine the eventual outcome of the lesion.
Comparison of the immunogenicity of Newcastle disease virus strains V4, B1 and La Sota in chickens
Authors: WESTBURY H. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe immunogenicity of the Australian Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain V4 was compared with that of the International reference preparation of Hitchner B1 and a commercial La Sota strain.Immunity was assessed serologically using the log mean HI titres 21 days after immunisation, the percentage of birds in each group which developed titres greater than 2s and their resistance to graded challenge doses of the virulent Herts 33/56 strain of NDV.These tests showed that the V4 strain was significantly less immunogenic (P < 0.01) than the B1 or La Sota strains when administered intraocularly (eye drop) or by aerosol methods. When given in the drinking water V4 induced a better immunity (P < 0.01) than the B1 strain in one of 2 experiments.
Hyaluronic acid concentration in synovial fluid from normal and arthritic joints of horses
Authors: HILBERT B. J. , ROWLEY G. , ANTONAS K. N. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA method previously described was used to determine the hyaluronic acid concentration in synovia from normal and arthritic horse joints. The concentration of hyaluronic acid in the synovia from arthritic joints was found to be significantly lower than the concentration in fluid from normal joints.
Zearalenone intoxication of pigs
Authors: BLANEY B. J. , BLOOMFIELD R. C. , MOORE C. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMycotoxicosis due to ingestion of zearalenone was detected on 2 pig farms on the Atherton Tableland in northern Queensland. In one herd of 200 pigs, this resulted from feeding maize which had been stored with a high moisture content. In the other herd of 1400 pigs, it resulted from feeding sorghum grain which was rain affected before harvest. Concentrations of zearalenone in the feeds ranged up to 8 mg/kg. Most prepubertal gilts in the herds displayed enlarged teats and signs of oestrus such as having red, swollen vulvas. In several cases both rectal and vaginal prolapses occurred. On one of the farms, 25 pigs died as a direct result of prolapses. Autopsy of a 3‐month‐old gilt revealed apparently enlarged ovaries and uterine horns. Sows and boars seemed to be unaffected. Four gilts failed to conceive following mating during the period of zearalenone ingestion, but apart from this and the deaths from prolapses, production of the herds appeared to be unaffected. Aust. vet. J. 61: 24–27
Haematological and serological data from dogs raised worm‐free and monospecifically infected with helminths
Authors: JENKINS D. J. , RICKARD M. D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPups free from helminth infection were obtained by treating the bitch prior to parturition, and the bitch and her pups after whelping, with oxfendazole and praziquantel. They were then housed in an area free from contamination with helminth eggs. Freedom from infection was confirmed by necropsy examinations and by serological tests using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Groups of pups were infected with Toxocara canis, Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia ovis, T. pisiformis and T. hydatigena and bled at 5‐day intervals. Haematological examinations and measurement of serum proteins were performed on blood samples obtained throughout 30 days of infection. Levels of serum proteins were not significantly altered in any infection. Pups infected with T. canis showed a marked increase in numbers of circulating eosinophils during the phase of larval migration through the liver and lungs; they also showed marked antibody responses to T. canis larval ES antigen. Haematological values were not significantly altered in any other pups.
Prostaglandin therapeutics in the bitch and queen
Authors: HENDERSON R. T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA median lethal dose of 5.13mg/kg has been derived for use of PGF in the bitch and this is thought to be similar for use of PGF in the queen. Side effects of defecation and/or vomition may be observed in the bitch and queen using routine therapeutic doses.
Differences between strains of Bacteroides nodosus in their effects on the severity of foot‐rot, bodyweight and wool growth in Merino sheep
Authors: STEWART D. J. , CLARK B. L. , JARRETT R. G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of 3 ovine and one bovine strains of Bacteroides nodosus on the severity of foot‐rot, bodyweight and wool growth were compared in Merino sheep in a field experiment. Based on the severity of the induced foot lesions, one strain was classed as virulent (causing underrunning lesions in most feet), one was benign (causing lesions of the interdigital skin only), and 2, including the bovine strain, were of intermediate virulence (causing underrunning lesions in a small proportion of feet).Differences among strains in their effect on foot‐rot severity and bodyweight were significant when compared over the whole experimental period, but were not significant at any single time of measurement, because of large differences between replicates. Bodyweight loss and severity of foot‐rot caused by the virulent strain were significantly greater than that caused by the benign strain. The intermediate strains lay between these 2 extremes in terms of both bodyweight and foot‐rot scores but were not significantly different from either in a statistical sense. Total greasy wool weight did not differ among groups over the whole experiment, but the rate of wool growth during the period when foot lesions were most prevalent and severe was reduced appreciably by the virulent strain and to a lesser extent by the intermediate strains.
A survey of heartworm in dogs in Australia
Authors: CARLISLE C. H. , ATWELL R. B. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA survey conducted throughout Australia indicated that Dirofilaria immitis was far more widespread than previously described. It was prevalent throughout Queensland and New South Wales, including the western regions and was increasing in incidence. Confusion exists as to which diagnostic tests to use and the methods of treatment are extremely variable.
Staggers in sheep associated with the ingestion of Tributes terrestris
Authors: BOURKE C. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe history of an unusual locomotory disturbance of sheep is traced from its first recognition in 1937 through to the most recent outbreak in 1981–83. The condition occurred only at certain times and in restricted areas of the central and northern slopes districts of New South Wales. Outbreaks were repeatedly associated with drought periods during which sheep grazed large areas of Tribulus terrestris for many months at a time. Many thousands of sheep were affected, but the prevalence varied greatly between flocks. The course of the disease was characterised by a slowly developing, irreversible, asymmetrical, weakness of the hindlimbs. The clinical signs suggested that a lesion of the thoraco‐lumbar spinal cord region was present. The macroscopic and microscopic examination of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems failed to demonstrate abnormalities which would account for the clinical signs. Haematological, biochemical and toxicological test results supported the concept of a neuromuscular disease process being present, but failed to indicate its aetiology.