bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The value of lipid accumulation products in predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study on elderlies over 65 in Shanghai
Authors: Li Tuming , Yan Shuo , Sun Dongmei , Wu Ying , Liang Huazheng , Zheng Qinghu , Zhong Ping 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
As lifestyle changes, there is an increasing number of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in China. The present study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the lipid accumulation product (LAP) for T2DM in Chinese elderlies over 65 years.

Methods
The present cross-sectional study recruited 2,092 adults from communities of Pudong New Area of Shanghai. Questionnaires were filled and anthropometric and laboratory examinations were completed by all participants. The predictive value of different risk factors for T2DM was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC).

Results
LAP was found to be closely related to T2DM (adjusted OR: 0.613, 95% CI: 0.581–0.645). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), LAP, and urea nigrogen (UN) were associated with T2DM in females, whereas FPG, LAP, neck circumference (NC) were associated with T2DM in males. When the cut-off value was 33.8, LAP displayed the optimal predictive performance. A gender difference was observed with an LAP of 37.95 demonstrating the best predictive value in males (AUC = 0.604, 95% CI: 0.577–0.652) and 60.2 in females (AUC = 0.617, 95% CI: 0.574–0.660), respectively.

Conclusion
LAP is more significantly associated with the risk of T2DM in elderlies than FPG, UN or NC, and it serves as a strong predictor of T2DM. However, this is impacted by FPG and neck circumference to a certain extent. Future large-scale studies are needed to confirm its efficacy in predicting diabetes.
Endocrine disruptors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and cortisol secretion
Authors: Pecori Giraldi F. , Ferraù F. , Ragonese M. , Cannavò S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Endocrine disruptors exert a plethora of effects in endocrine tissues, from altered function to carcinogenesis. Given its lipophilic nature, the adrenal cortex represents an ideal target for endocrine disruptors and thus, possibly, xenobiotic-induced adrenocortical dysfunction. However, there is no clear understanding of the effect of endocrine disruptors on adrenal steroidogenesis, in particular as regards the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway, one of the key mediators.

Methods
The present review recapitulates available evidence on the effects of AHR ligands on adrenal steroidogenesis, with focus on cortisol secretion.

Results
Short-term exposure to AHR ligands most often induced a stress-like corticosteroid response followed by decreased responsiveness to stressors with long-term exposure. This was observed in several experimental models across species as well as in animals and humans in real-life settings. Prenatal exposure led to different effects according to sex of the offspring, as observed in murine models and in children from mothers in several countries. In vitro findings proved highly dependent on the experimental setting, with reduced cortisol response and steroidogenic enzyme synthesis mostly observed in fish and increased cortisol synthesis and secretion observed in murine and human adrenal cell lines. Of note, no AHR-binding element was detected in steroidogenic enzyme promoters, suggesting the involvement of additional factors.

Conclusion
Our review provides evidence for the impact of AHR ligands on adrenocortical function and indicates further avenues of research to better clarify its effects.
Altering flight stability characteristics of a high-performance aircraft through wing strake modification
Authors: Raza H. , Maqsood A. , Masud J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChanges in flight stability characteristics at the advanced stage of aircraft design are complex and require thorough investigations. This paper examines the impact of wing strake modification on high-performance aircraft using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The dynamic behaviour is calculated using the forced oscillation technique, while the effect of geometric variation on longitudinal stability characteristics is extensively studied. Steady-state experimental data is utilised to validate the computational setup. Static aerodynamic coefficients, dynamic stability derivatives and the positions of aerodynamic and pressure centres are employed to quantify the changes. Furthermore, the alterations in stability characteristics are correlated with flow physics. The results indicate a reduction in longitudinal static and dynamic stability at various flight conditions due to the proposed modification. This deliberate reduction was necessary to accommodate the installation of a fly-by-wire system. The discussed design changes have been effectively implemented on an in-service aircraft.
Isolation and reinoculation of a gall-inducing fungus in the invasive Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia) in Florida
Authors: Halbritter Dale A. , Rayamajhi Min B. , Madeira Paul , Leidi Jorge G. , Telmadarrehei Telmah , Minteer Carey 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStem galls and witch’s broom–like growths are locally abundant on the highly invasive Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia) at field sites in southern Florida where a thrips biological control agent (Pseudophilothrips ichini) is being released to reduce the invasive potential of the plant. Galls have also been observed on potted plants in nursery stock grown to feed laboratory colonies of the agent. Herein, our objective was to isolate and identify the causal agent of the galls and assess its ability to induce galls in naive plants. We obtained stem galls from both field- and nursery-grown plants, aseptically isolated a fungus in acidic potato dextrose agar, and purified fungal colonies. Stems of potted naive saplings were wound-inoculated with purified hyphal fragments from the purified colonies, which readily induced galls like those observed in the field and nursery. Simultaneous molecular analysis of the fungal DNA obtained from the galls of field and nursery plants, experimentally induced galls, and fungal colony isolates identified this gall-inducing fungus as Cophinforma sp.. We demonstrated that this Cophinforma sp. can infect S. terebinthifolia stems via mechanical wounds and induce visibly discernible stem galls in saplings within 3 mo. This will serve as a model for galled plant production for assessing the impacts of the gall-inducing fungus on S. terebinthifolia, with potential for further study to investigate interactions between the thrips and this naturalized fungus, which may synergistically and/or additively enhance S. terebinthifolia management efficacy.
NEW CONGRUENCES FOR THE TRUNCATED APPELL SERIES
$F_1$
Authors: WANG XIAOXIA , YU WENJIE 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLiu [‘Supercongruences for truncated Appell series’, Colloq. Math.158(2) (2019), 255–263] and Lin and Liu [‘Congruences for the truncated Appell series
$F_3$
and
$F_4$
’, Integral Transforms Spec. Funct.31(1) (2020), 10–17] confirmed four supercongruences for truncated Appell series. Motivated by their work, we give a new supercongruence for the truncated Appell series
$F_{1}$
, together with two generalisations of this supercongruence, by establishing its q-analogues.
Building nutritionally meaningful classification for grocery product groups: the LoCard Food Classification process
Authors: Kanerva Noora , Kinnunen Satu , Nevalainen Jaakko , Vepsäläinen Henna , Fogelholm Mikael , Saarijärvi Hannu , Meinilä Jelena , Erkkola Maijaliisa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAnalysing customer loyalty card data is a novel method for assessing nutritional quality and changes in a population’s food consumption. However, prior to its use, the thousands of grocery products available in stores must be reclassified from the retailer’s original hierarchical structure into a structure that is suitable for the use of nutrition and health research. We created LoCard Food Classification (LCFC) and examined how it reflects the nutritional quality of the grocery product groups. Nutritional quality was considered the main criterion guiding the reclassification of the 3574 grocery product groups. Information on the main ingredient of the product group, purpose of use and carbon footprint was also used at the more granular levels of LCFC. The main challenge in the reclassification was a lack of detailed information on the type of products included in each group, and some of the groups included products that have opposite health effects. The final LCFC has four hierarchical levels, and it is openly available online. After reclassification, the product groups were linked with the Finnish food composition database, and the nutrient profile was assessed by calculating the Nutrient-Rich Food Index (NRFI) for each product group.sdin NRFI decreased from 0·21 of the least granular level to 0·08 of the most granular level of LCFC indicating that the most granular level of LCFC has more homogeneous nutritional quality. Studies that apply LCFC to examine loyalty card data with health and environmental outcomes are needed to further demonstrate its validity.
Preconception diet in adolescence and its association with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preterm birth. Results from the HUNT study
Authors: Wills Andrew Keith , Hillesund Elisabet Rudjord , van Lippevelde Wendy , Barker Mary , Vik Frøydis Nordgård , Øverby Nina Cecilie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOur aim was to estimate associations of adolescent dietary patterns and meal habits with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and preterm birth. We used data from a prospective cohort study (Norwegian Young-HUNT1) where dietary information was collected during adolescence and pregnancy outcomes were obtained through record linkage to the Norwegian national birth registry. The outcomes were HDP, hypertension, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, and preterm birth in the first pregnancy and in any pregnancy. Diet was self-reported from validated questionnaires, and exposures were dietary indexes (healthy; unhealthy; fruit and vegetable; fibre index) and meal habits. Recruitment took place in schools. Eligible participants were females aged 13–19 years at the time of dietary assessment with a subsequent singleton pregnancy (n 3622). Women who reported a higher fibre intake in adolescence had a lower risk of pre-eclampsia in the first pregnancy (Relative Risk: 0·84; 95 % CI 0·7, 1·0), although this was weaker in sensitivity analyses. Regular meal habits in mid-adolescence (aged 13–15 years), particularly breakfast and lunch, were weakly associated with a lower risk of hypertension in pregnancy. Our results are the first to indicate an association between aspects of diet and dietary behaviour in mid-adolescence and subsequent HDP. More evidence is needed from larger studies to replicate the results and from alternative study designs to disentangle causality.
Seasonality in regional brain glucose metabolism
Authors: Zhang Rui , Tomasi Dardo , Shokri-Kojori Ehsan , Manza Peter , Demiral Sukru Baris , Wang Gene-Jack , Volkow Nora D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDaylength and the rates of changes in daylength have been associated with seasonal fluctuations in psychiatric symptoms and in cognition and mood in healthy adults. However, variations in human brain glucose metabolism in concordance with seasonal changes remain under explored.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we examined seasonal effects on brain glucose metabolism, which we measured using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET in 97 healthy participants. To maximize the sensitivity of regional effects, we computed relative metabolic measures by normalizing the regional measures to white matter metabolism. Additionally, we explored the role of rest–activity rhythms/sleep–wake activity measured with actigraphy in the seasonal variations of regional brain metabolic activity.ResultsWe found that seasonal variations of cerebral glucose metabolism differed across brain regions. Glucose metabolism in prefrontal regions increased with longer daylength and with greater day-to-day increases in daylength. The cuneus and olfactory bulb had the maximum and minimum metabolic values around the summer and winter solstice respectively (positively associated with daylength), whereas the temporal lobe, brainstem, and postcentral cortex showed maximum and minimum metabolic values around the spring and autumn equinoxes, respectively (positively associated with faster daylength gain). Longer daylength was associated with greater amplitude and robustness of diurnal activity rhythms suggesting circadian involvement.ConclusionsThe current findings advance our knowledge of seasonal patterns in a key indicator of brain function relevant for mood and cognition. These data could inform treatment interventions for psychiatric symptoms that peak at specific times of the year.
Protein quality enhancement in temperate corn through introgression of o2o2 using marker assisted backcross and shuttle breeding
Authors: Hussan Shamshir ul , Rather Mohammad Ashraf , Dar Zahoor Ahmad , Rashid Munezeh , Khan Azra , Shikari Asif Bashir , Hamid Aflaq , Ali Gowhar , Wani Mohd Altaf , Lone Ajaz Ahmad , Nissa Seerat un 
Published: April 2024

AbstractQuality protein maize (QPM) has protein quality of opaque 2 (>0.074% tryptopan) with endosperm modifiers which turn its kernels vitreous that is similar to normal maize. Use of QPM as a cereal can significantly improve daily intake of lysine and tryptophan for humans and livestock. However QPM cultivars have lower yields due to trait compensation. Therefore, a breeding programme was carried out to convert parental lines of Shalimar maize hybrid 5 (SMH-5) viz. IML-187 and BML-6 into QPM versions. Marker polymorphism was worked out in donors and recipients. IML-187 was crossed with DQL-2029-1 and BML-6 was crossed with DQL-779-2-9. The first and second backcross generations involving IML-187 as recurrent parent were marked as BC1F1 (A) and BC2F1 (A) respectively, whereas those involving BML-6 were designated as BC1F1 (B) and BC2F1 (B) respectively. The BC2F2 lines derived from two generation of backcrossing coupled with SSR marker and phenotypic background and foreground selection were advanced to BC2F3. Approximately 80–90% of RPG similarity was observed in BC2F2 lines. Eight lines namely IML-187 × DQL-2029-1- BC2F3:06, 07 and 23: BML-6 × DQl-779-2-9: 02,04,09,20 and 13 were identified from BC2F3 to have tryptophan higher than 0.075% and <25% opaqueness. These lines were used for trait fixing and crosses were made to produce QPM version of SMH-5. Six improved versions of SMH-5 were selected for higher grain yield and tryptophan content and are to be employed in further testing and varietal release in Northern Hill Zone (NHZ) in India.
Dryland Watersheds in Flux: How Nitrogen Deposition and Changing Precipitation Regimes Shape Nitrogen Export
Authors: Ren Jianning , Hanan Erin J. , D'Odorico Paolo , Tague Christina , Schimel Joshua P. , Homyak Peter M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAtmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and climate change are transforming the way N moves through dryland watersheds. For example, N deposition is increasing N export to streams, which may be exacerbated by changes in the magnitude, timing, and intensity of precipitation (i.e., the precipitation regime). While deposition can control the amount of N entering a watershed, the precipitation regime influences rates of internal cycling; when and where soil N, plant roots, and microbes are hydrologically coupled via diffusion; how quickly plants and microbes assimilate N; and rates of denitrification, runoff, and leaching. We used the ecohydrological model RHESSys to investigate (a) how N dynamics differ between N‐limited and N‐saturated conditions in a dryland watershed, and (b) how total precipitation and its intra‐annual intermittency (i.e., the time between storms in a year), interannual intermittency (i.e., the duration of dry months across multiple years), and interannual variability (i.e., variance in the amount of precipitation among years) modify N dynamics and export. Streamflow nitrate (NO3−) export was more sensitive to increasing rainfall intermittency (both intra‐annual and interannual) and variability in N‐limited than in N‐saturated model scenarios, particularly when total precipitation was lower—the opposite was true for denitrification which is more sensitive in N‐saturated than N‐limited scenarios. N export and denitrification increased or decreased more with increasing interannual intermittency than with other changes in precipitation amount. This suggests that under future climate change, prolonged droughts that are followed by more intense storms may pose a major threat to water quality in dryland watersheds.
Global Lake Health in the Anthropocene: Societal Implications and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Weyhenmeyer Gesa A. , Chukwuka Azubuike V. , Anneville Orlane , Brookes Justin , Carvalho Carolinne R. , Cotner James B. , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Hamilton David P. , Hanson Paul C. , Hejzlar Josef , Hilt Sabine , Hipsey Matthew R. , Ibelings Bas W. , Jacquet Stéphan , Kangur Külli , Kragh Theis , Lehner Bernhard , Lepori Fabio , Lukubye Ben , Marce Rafael , McElarney Yvonne , Paule‐Mercado Ma. Cristina , North Rebecca , Rojas‐Jimenez Keilor , Rusak James A. , Sharma Sapna , Scordo Facundo , de Senerpont Domis Lisette N. , Sø Jonas Stage , Wood Susanna (Susie) A. , Xenopoulos Marguerite A. , Zhou Yongqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe world's 1.4 million lakes (≥10 ha) provide many ecosystem services that are essential for human well‐being; however, only if their health status is good. Here, we reviewed common lake health issues and classified them using a simple human health‐based approach to outline that lakes are living systems that are in need of oxygen, clean water and a balanced energy and nutrient supply. The main reason for adopting some of the human health terminology for the lake health classification is to increase the awareness and understanding of global lake health issues. We show that lakes are exposed to various anthropogenic stressors which can result in many lake health issues, ranging from thermal, circulatory, respiratory, nutritional and metabolic issues to infections and poisoning. Of particular concern for human well‐being is the widespread lake drying, which is a severe circulatory issue with many cascading effects on lake health. We estimated that ∼115,000 lakes evaporate twice as much water as they gain from direct precipitation, making them vulnerable to potential drying if inflowing waters follow the drying trend, putting more than 153 million people at risk who live in close vicinity to those lakes. Where lake health issues remain untreated, essential ecosystem services will decline or even vanish, posing a threat to the well‐being of millions of people. We recommend coordinated multisectoral and multidisciplinary prevention and treatment strategies, which need to include a follow‐up of the progress and an assessment of the resilience of lakes to intensifying threats. Priority should be given to implementing sewage water treatment, mitigating climate change, counteracting introductions of non‐native species to lakes and decreasing uncontrolled anthropogenic releases of chemicals into the hydro‐, bio‐, and atmosphere.
Potential Common Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity Induced by Organophosphorus Pesticides via NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Wang Xiaoning , Sui Xin , Sun Yangyang , Cui Ziqi , Ma Ning , Wang Shuai , Yang Jun , Liu Fengying , Yang Weijie , Xiao Zhenyu , Zhu Tong , Luo Yuan , Wang Yongan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Multi‐Threat Medical Countermeasure (MTMC) technique is crucial for developing common biochemical signaling pathways, molecular mediators, and cellular processes. This study revealed that the Nod‐like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway may be a significant contributor to the cytotoxicity induced by various organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs). The study demonstrated that exposure to six different types of OPPs (paraoxon, dichlorvos, fenthion, dipterex, dibrom, and dimethoate) led to significant cytotoxicity in BV2 cells, which was accompanied by increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome complexes (NLRP3, ASC, Caspase‐1) and downstream inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐18), in which the order of cytotoxicity was dichlorvos > dipterex > dibrom > paraoxon > fenthion > dimethoate, based on the IC50 values of 274, 410, 551, 585, 2,158, and 1,527,566 μM, respectively. The findings suggest that targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway could be a potential approach for developing broad‐spectrum antitoxic drugs to combat multi‐OPPs‐induced toxicity. Moreover, inhibition of NLRP3 efficiently protected the cells against cytotoxicity induced by these six OPPs, and the expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase‐1, IL‐1β, and IL‐18 decreased accordingly. The order of NLRP3 affinity for OPPs was dimethoate > paraoxon > dichlorvos > dibrom > (fenthion and dipterex) based on KD values of 89.8, 325, 1,460, and 2,690 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the common molecular mechanism of NLRP3‐OPPs was clarified by the presence of toxicity effector groups (benzene ring, nitrogen/oxygen‐containing functional group); =O, ‐O‐, or =S (active) groups; and combination residues (Gly271, Asp272). This finding provided valuable insights into exploring the common mechanisms of multiple threats and developing effective therapeutic strategies to prevent OPPs poisoning.
Projected Global Temperature Changes After Net Zero Are Small But Significant
Authors: Borowiak Alex , King Andrew D. , Brown Josephine R. , Jones Chris D. , Ziehn Tilo , Meinshausen Malte , Cassidy Liam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs more countries make net zero greenhouse gas emissions pledges, it is crucial to understand the effects on global climate after achieving net zero emissions. The climate has been found to continue to evolve even after the abrupt cessation of CO2 emissions, with some models simulating a small warming and others simulating a small cooling. In this study, we analyze if the temperature and precipitation changes post abrupt cessation of CO2 emissions are significantly different compared to natural climate variations. We find that the temperature changes are outside of natural variability for most models, whilst the precipitation changes are mostly non‐significant. We also demonstrate that post‐net zero temperature changes have implications for the remaining carbon budget. The possibility of further global warming post‐net zero adds to the evidence supporting more rapid emissions reductions in the near‐term.
A Simplified Method of True Height Analysis to Estimate the Real Height of Sporadic E Layers
Authors: Haldoupis Christos , Haralambous Haris , Meek Chris 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe sporadic E (Es) layer virtual height and the ordinary wave critical frequency are routinely measured ionogram parameters, used to characterize the Es altitude occurrence and intensity. It has become common practice to take the real height to be about equal to by assuming that signal propagation delays in the E region plasma below the layer are small and can be neglected. Although this applies for nighttime, during daytime it may overestimate significantly. The present paper relies on true height analysis theory to devise a simplified method and propose an algorithm that can estimate Es real heights reasonably well. The method relies on and ionosonde measurements and E region electron density profiles obtained from the International Reference Ionosphere model. The algorithm is applied to a typical set of Digisonde observations to compute and examine real height variations and functional dependencies. Whereas ≃ at nighttime, during daytime there are notable − differences taking values less than 10 km for most of the observed layers. During the early morning and early afternoon hours, however, when weak layers appear at upper heights, the virtual to real height differences become larger reaching 20–25 km. The method proposed here for the estimation of can be easily applied to improve the accuracy of the results of sporadic E layer studies.