bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal Services Rendered by General Practitioners
Authors: Lanning Sharon K. , Best Al M. , Hunt Ronald J. 
Published: April 2007

Background: There are few reports in the dental literature regarding the types of periodontal services offered by general practitioners (GPs). The purpose of this study was to determine the specific nature of periodontal services rendered by GPs and to investigate whether certain variables affect GPs' practice patterns.Methods: A 13‐item survey was mailed to a random sample of 600 dentists practicing in the state of Virginia. GPs were asked to identify the periodontal services rendered in their office within a 3‐month period. Descriptive statistics, simple correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to identify significant relationships between variables and periodontal services.Results: Ninety percent of GPs reported treating at least one patient with scaling and root planing, and 16% of GPs reported rendering this service to >36 patients. Eighty‐six percent of GPs reported providing periodontal maintenance in their practices. Approximately 50% of dentists reported up to 24 patients having received periodontal maintenance. Fifty‐eight percent of GPs reported that ≥90% of scaling and root planing was done by the hygienists. Fifty‐five percent of GPs treated at least one patient with site‐specific therapy using chemotherapeutic agents. Twenty‐eight percent of GPs treated one to five patients with low‐dose antibiotic. Seventy percent of GPs treated at least one patient with occlusal therapies, and 50% reported treating one to five patients with occlusal therapies. The most common surgical services performed included crown lengthening and pocket reduction surgery, which were done by 38% and 21% of GPs, respectively. A few GPs (N = 26) performed the majority of periodontal surgical services. Variables found to influence specific services rendered by GPs included year of dental school graduation, recent hours of continuing education related to periodontics, combined number of dental hygienist days per week, percentage of periodontal patients in practice, and referral for non‐surgical periodontal therapy.Conclusions: A variety of periodontal services were offered by GPs. The most common services were non‐surgical in nature. Certain variables affected specific periodontal services rendered in general dental offices.
Effect of Systemically Administered Naproxen Sodium on Clinical Parameters and Myeloperoxidase and Elastase‐Like Activity Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid
Authors: Aras Hamit , Çağlayan Feriha , Güncü Güliz N. , Berberoğlu Atilla , Kılınç Kamer 
Published: April 2007

Background: The present study was conducted to determine the possible effect of naproxen sodium on clinical status and the enzymatic profile of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) when given as adjunct to periodontal treatment.Methods: A total of 34 subjects with chronic periodontitis were selected and divided into two groups to receive either naproxen sodium or placebo. At baseline, GCF samples were obtained and probing depths (PD), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and gingival bleeding index (GBI) scores were recorded. In the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) group, patients were treated with a protocol consisting of baseline periodontal treatment (scaling, root planing) and naproxen sodium (275 mg) administration daily for 6 weeks. In the placebo group, patients received the same treatment except placebo was given instead of naproxen sodium. At the end of the experimental period, clinical recordings and GCF sampling were repeated. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and elastase‐like enzyme activity (ELA) levels were determined in GCF samples by a spectrophotometric method. GCF enzymatic content was calculated both as total enzyme activity and enzyme concentration.Results: All of the clinical parameters, except mean GBI, were significantly lower in the experimental group (P <0.05). At baseline and at the end of the experimental period, there were no significant differences between the NSAID and placebo groups regarding GCF MPO and ELA levels in either mode of data presentation (P <0.05). However, in the NSAID group, mean ELA concentration (P = 0.002) and mean total ELA (P = 0.003) presented significant decreases with treatment. Also, with treatment, a general reduction in MPO levels was seen; however, this difference was not significant. Although constant and stable correlations between GCF enzyme levels and clinical parameters could not be found, positive and strong correlations were observed between total enzyme activity and enzyme concentrations.Conclusion: Based on the positive clinical effect and the ELA profile of GCF, it can be suggested that NSAIDs given as an adjunct to baseline periodontal treatment could be beneficial in the outcome of treatment.
Toxic Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (h-IAPP) Oligomers Are Intracellular, and Vaccination to Induce Anti-Toxic Oligomer Antibodies Does Not Prevent h-IAPP–Induced β-Cell Apoptosis in h-IAPP Transgenic Mice
Authors: Lin Chia-Yu , Gurlo Tatyana , Kayed Rakez , Butler Alexandra E. , Haataja Leena , Glabe Charles G. , Butler Peter C. 
Published: April 2007

OBJECTIVE—Islets in type 2 diabetes are characterized by a deficit in β-cells, increased β-cell apoptosis, and islet amyloid derived from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). The toxic form of amyloidogenic protein oligomers are distinct and smaller than amyloid fibrils and act by disrupting membranes. Using antibodies that bind to toxic IAPP oligomers (but not IAPP monomers or fibrils) and a vaccination-based approach, we sought to establish whether IAPP toxic oligomers form intra- or extracellularly and whether vaccination to induce anti-toxic oligomer antibodies prevents IAPP-induced apoptosis in human IAPP (h-IAPP) transgenic mice.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Pancreas was sampled from two h-IAPP transgenic mouse models and examined by immunohistochemistry for toxic oligomers. The same murine models were vaccinated with toxic oligomers of Alzheimer β protein (AβP1–40) and anti-oligomer titers, and blood glucose and islet pathology were monitored.
RESULTS—Toxic oligomers were detected intracellularly in ∼20–40% of h-IAPP transgenic β-cells. Vaccine induced high titers of anti–h-IAPP toxic oligomers in both transgenic models, but β-cell apoptosis was, if anything, further increased in vaccinated mice, so that neither loss of β-cell mass nor diabetes onset was delayed.
CONCLUSIONS—IAPP toxic oligomers form in h-IAPP transgenic mouse models, and anti-toxic oligomer antibodies do not prevent h-IAPP–induced β-cell apoptosis. These data suggest that prevention of h-IAPP oligomer formation may be more useful than a vaccination-based approach in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Effects of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition on Gastrointestinal Function, Meal Appearance, and Glucose Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Vella Adrian , Bock Gerlies , Giesler Paula D. , Burton Duane B. , Serra Denise B. , Saylan Monica Ligueros , Dunning Beth E. , Foley James E. , Rizza Robert A. , Camilleri Michael 
Published: April 2007

OBJECTIVE— We sought to determine whether alterations in meal absorption and gastric emptying contribute to the mechanism by which inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) lower postprandial glucose concentrations.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— We simultaneously measured gastric emptying, meal appearance, endogenous glucose production, and glucose disappearance in 14 subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with either vildaglipitin (50 mg b.i.d.) or placebo for 10 days using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover design.
RESULTS— Fasting (7.3 ± 0.5 vs. 7.9 ± 0.5 mmol/l) and peak postprandial (14.1 ± 0.6 vs. 15.9 ± 0.9 mmol/l) glucose concentrations were lower (P &lt; 0.01) after vildagliptin treatment than placebo. Despite lower glucose concentrations, postprandial insulin and C-peptide concentrations did not differ during the two treatments. On the other hand, the integrated (area under the curve) postprandial glucagon concentrations were lower (20.9 ± 1.6 vs. 23.7 ± 1.3 mg/ml per 5 h, P &lt; 0.05), and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) concentrations were higher (1,878 ± 270 vs. 1,277 ± 312 pmol/l per 5 h, P = 0.001) during vildagliptin administration compared with placebo. Gastric emptying and meal appearance did not differ between treatments.
CONCLUSIONS— Vildagliptin does not alter gastric emptying or the rate of entry of ingested glucose into the systemic circulation in humans. DPP-4 inhibitors do not lower postprandial glucose concentrations by altering the rate of nutrient absorption or delivery to systemic circulation. Alterations in islet function, secondary to increased circulating concentrations of active GLP-1, are associated with the decreased postprandial glycemic excursion observed in the presence of vildagliptin.
Antibody‐Functionalized Hybrid Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Arruebo M. , Fernández‐Pacheco R. , Velasco B. , Marquina C. , Arbiol J. , Irusta S. , Ibarra M. R. , Santamaría J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSuperparamagnetic hybrid nanoparticles (ca. 80 nm) are obtained. They consist of an inner iron oxide core coated by a silica shell, which is in turn functionalized with amine or carboxyl groups and covalently coupled to a monoclonal antibody (anti‐hCG; hCG = human chorionic gonadotropin). The prepared nanoparticles show a specific magnetic moment (per gram of iron) that is comparable to that measured for commercial superparamagnetic iron oxide preparations. The bioactivity of the antibody‐conjugated magnetic nanoparticles is verified by a standard bioassay. These results indicate the potential of the hybrid nanoparticles prepared for use as enhanced contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging applications.
Aligned Porous Structures by Directional Freezing
Authors: Zhang H. , Cooper A. I. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMaterials with aligned porous structures have broad potential in applications such as organic electronics, microfluidics, and tissue engineering. Materials of this type can be fabricated using techniques such as microfabrication, soft lithography, and photolithography. Directional freezing is a cheap, simple, and novel route to prepare aligned porous materials in the form of 2D surface patterns or 3D monolithic structures. A solvent—typically water but also organic solvents or carbon dioxide—is frozen unidirectionally and the pore structure is templated from the aligned solvent crystals that are formed. These methods can produce complex composite materials with a range of aligned pore architectures.
Diagnostic challenges in a severely delayed infant with hypersomnolence, failure to thrive and arteriopathy: A unique case of γ‐hydroxybutyric aciduria and Williams syndrome
Authors: Knerr Ina , Michael Gibson K. , Ganesh Jaya , Bennett Michael J. , Salomons Gajja S. , Jakobs Cornelis , Myers Scott M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMetabolic work‐up, pursued in a 5‐month‐old female infant with hypersomnolence, failure to thrive, and global developmental delay, led to the identification of γ‐hydroxybutyric aciduria (GHB). Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADH deficiency) was confirmed enzymatically and molecularly. Characteristic dysmorphic facies, cardiovascular anomalies, and hypercalcemia led to clinical suspicion of Williams‐Beuren syndrome (WS), confirmed by cytogenetic studies. This rare occurrence of two unrelated genetic conditions highlights the importance of instituting comprehensive metabolic studies despite the presence of syndromic findings, even in the absence of other metabolic abnormalities that may be indicative of metabolic disease such as hyperammonemia, hypoglycemia, ketonuria, and metabolic acidosis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Von Glycerin zu höherwertigen Produkten
Authors: Pagliaro Mario , Ciriminna Rosaria , Kimura Hiroshi , Rossi Michele , Della Pina Cristina 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWegen des großen Überschusses an Glycerin, das als Beiprodukt der Herstellung von Biodiesel anfällt, werden gegenwärtig Industrieanlagen zur Glycerinproduktion geschlossen, während andere, die Glycerin als Rohstoff verwenden, in Betrieb genommen werden. Forschungsvorhaben mit dem Ziel, neue Anwendungen für Glycerin als günstiges Ausgangsmaterial für funktionelle Derivate zu erschließen, führten zu einer Reihe selektiver Verfahren zur Umwandlung von Glycerin in höherwertige Produkte. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beschreibt ausgewählte Ergebnisse und zeigt, dass Glycerin zu einem zentralen Rohstoff in zukünftigen chemischen Industriezweigen aufsteigt.
From Glycerol to Value‐Added Products
Authors: Pagliaro Mario , Ciriminna Rosaria , Kimura Hiroshi , Rossi Michele , Della Pina Cristina 
Published: April 2007

AbstractToday, industrial plants that produce glycerol are closing down and others are opening that use glycerol as a raw material, owing to the large surplus of glycerol formed as a by‐product during the production of biodiesel. Research efforts to find new applications of glycerol as a low‐cost feedstock for functional derivatives have led to the introduction of a number of selective processes for converting glycerol into commercially valued products. This Minireview describes a selection of such achievements and shows how glycerol will be a central raw material in future chemical industries.
Dielectric characterization of bacterial cells using dielectrophoresis
Authors: Sanchis A. , Brown A. P. , Sancho M. , Martínez G. , Sebastián J. L. , Muñoz S. , Miranda J. M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMeasurements of dielectrophoretic collection spectra of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suspensions are used for obtaining dielectric characteristics of both types of bacteria. The experiments are interpreted using a numerical method that models the cells as compartmented spherical or rod‐like particles. We show the usefulness of this simple method to extract significant information about the electrical properties of Gram‐negative and ‐positive bacteria. Bioelectromagnetics 28:393–401, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inferences Concerning a Mean Vector when the Variables are Grouped into Subsets
Authors: Subbaiah Perla , Mudholkar Govind S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn experiments involving multivariate measurements biological considerations often indicate a grouping of the variables into subsets such that all the variables in a subset are equally important and the subsets may be arranged in a decreasing order of importance (JENSEN, 1972). This paper deals with a method of analysis appropriate in such cases, to solve multivariate problems such as profile analysis, comparison of two mean vectors, or univariate problems such as analysis of SCHEFFÉ'S mixed effects model with interaction (SCHEFFÉ, 1959; MILLER, 1966), usually treated using HOTELLING'S T2. An invariance structure underlying this procedure is examined and used to obtain noncentrality parameters of the power function, and derive some of its properties. The multiple comparisons procedure in MUDHOLKAR and SUBBAIAH (1976) is extended and illustrated in terms of the data from a clinical trial.
A Modified Chi‐squared Approach for Fitting WEIBULL Models to Synthetic Life Tables1
Authors: Freeman Daniel H. , Freeman Jean L. , Koch Gary G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWEIBULL models are fitted to synthetic life table data by applying weighted least squares analysis to log log functions which are constructed from appropriate underlying contingency tables. As such, the resulting estimates and test statistics are based on the linearized minimum modified X21‐criterion and thus have satisfactory properties in moderately large samples. The basic methodology is illustrated in terms of an example which is bivariate in the sense of involving two simultaneous, but non‐competing, vital events. For this situation, the estimation of WEIBULL model parameters is described for both marginal as well as certain conditional distributions either individually or jointly.
First Results of Definition and Reduction of Characteristics and Discrimination in Multivariable Psychophysiological Investigations
Authors: Hiller E. , Wernecke K.‐D. , Michel J. , Chatiaschwili W. G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper, the statistical analysis of the comprehensive data obtained from multivariable dynamic (psychophysiological) tests by means of a hybrid computing system and the results obtained are represented. Focal point is the establishment of a set of characteristics according to pertinent and statistical aspects as well as the application of the multivariate variance and discrimination analysis to this set of characteristics for the classification of given “reaction types” (RT). The discriminations carried out for the classes made visible the differences between them clearly. The physiological and possible pathophysiological significance of the results cannot be dealt with in this paper.
Application of Covariance Analysis to Ophtalmologic Research
Authors: Wernecke K.‐D. , Ulrich W. D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractUsing covariance analysis as an adjusted regression analysis it is possible, with the assumption of homogeneity and normality of variance, to test several regression functions for homogeneity, if the given groups of data material are independent.This well‐known analysis is applied to a number of examination methods of ophthalmology. In the cases of ophthalmo‐dynamography (ODG) and ophthalmo‐dynamometry (ODM), the paper answers the question to what extent the result of ophthalmologic measurement is influenced by posture (sitting — lying — standing).Contrary to several authors' practice of combining the regression lines for the systolic and diastolic blood‐pressure because of the improvement of the correlation coefficient to be achieved in this way, it was possible to show that generally such an approach is not recommendable.Patients suffering from a certain type of arteriosclerosis distinguish themselves by deviations of their ODG data from the normal blood‐pressure relation of the arteria carotis interna and the arteria brachialis. These differences can be tested for statistical significance by means of covariance analysis.
Distribution of the Sum of Independent Zero‐Truncated Linear Function POISSON Random Variables
Authors: Janardan K. G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this note, the distribution of the sum of independent zero‐truncated linear function POISSON random variables is obtained. This distribution conforms, in special cases, to CACOULLOS (1972) and TATE and GOEN (1958). The distribution of the sum of zero‐truncated BOREL‐TANNER type variables is obtained as a special case.
On the Asymptotic Behaviour of the Population Number
Authors: Karev G. P. , Treskov S. A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe consider the stochastic model of an asexual population in which the number of couples formed in some generation is random variable depending on the number of individuals in that generation only. The conditions of convergence were obtained almost everywhere and in mean square of the normalized number of individuals in the n‐th generation. These results may be considered as the generalization of some known statements about the models constructed on the basis of the branching processses theory.
Selection Problems in Balanced Block Designs
Authors: Rasch D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIf we have independent random variables the solution of BECHHOFER's selection problem in special cases is easily applied because we can use tables of a standardized multivariate normal distribution. The aim of this note is to show how such tables are also applicable in a case of correlated random variables like the estimates of treatment effects in BIB and BCB. Formulae for a choice of minimal sample sizes are also given.
The Design and Analysis of Experiments with Grouped Measurements. II. Comparison of Means
Authors: HerrendÖRfer G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe method of grouped measurements, described in part one of this article, is worked out for some important comparisons of means. Methods for design of experiments for the multiple t‐Test are given. Two approximate solutions are proposed. An extensive table facilitate to find out the approximate optimal design in the set of designs with preliminated precision.
Estimation and Test for the Mean in a Model II of the Analysis of Variance
Authors: HerrendÖRfer G. , Schmidt J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA sample (y11, …, yin1…, ya1,…,yana) may be given. For yij the model II of a hierarchical analysis of variance may be true. For description of precision α and d2(expectation of the square of the half length of the confidence interval) are used. A procedure for determining an optimal (linear cost of sampling) design in theset of designs with given precision is presented. For the test H0: μ≦ μ0 against HA: μ> μ0 on the same way the optimal design of an experiment is worked out.
Estimation of the Distribution of a Genetically Determined Enzyme Polymorphism by a Stochastical Outside Criterion
Authors: Hommel G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe remaining cholinesterase activity after incubation with paraoxon (as an indicator of the activity of human serumparaoxonase) shows a distribution with three clusters which could be explained, after an investigation of families, by a simple two‐allele‐model. A Stochastical outside criterion is given by the constellations of the values within the families.By modification of an iteration method described by FANGMEYER (1964) it is possible to estimate the distributions and frequencies of the three groups. A simulation study shows that the combination of the used method with the pure cluster analysis is advantageous.
A New Algorithm for Explicit Determination of Variance Component Estimations in Mixed Models and Mixed Classifications of Balanced ANOVA
Authors: Holomek D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with the balanced case of the analysis of variance. The use of a classification function leads to an easy determination of all possible sources of variation of any mixed classification. For mixed models a new method is derived, which allows to represent explicit the ANOVA‐estimations of the variance components respectively the estimation of the mean sum of squares of the fixed effects for all sources of variation. Thereby the correspondingF‐quotients and the approximate confidence intervals of variance components are received in a simple way.
Hierarchical Classification I: Single‐Linkage Method
Authors: Kopp B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis is the first part of a survey of hierarchical clustering algorithms using joining methods: the Single‐Linkage algorithm. Complete‐Linkage and general algorithms defined by d(Ai, B) = = α,d(Ai, Ar)±αsd(Ai, As)±βd(Ar, As) will be discussed in two subsequent papers.
Algebraic Methods in Evolutionary Genetics
Authors: LjubiČ JU. I. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper is a survey of some results obtained in evolutionary genetics by algebraical methods. The main topics: 1. Some special classes of algebras which arising in population genetics (stochastic, baric, BERNSTEINian, genetic etc.). 2. The BERNSTEIN'S problem and the stationary genetic structure. 3. The convergence to an equilibrium, the rate of convergence. 4. The exact linearization of evolutionary equation. 5. The exact formulae for evolutionary spectrum and for solution of the evolutionary equation.