bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributions of spectral frequency analyses to the study of P50 ERP amplitude and suppression in bipolar disorder with or without a history of psychosis
Authors: Carroll Christine A , Kieffaber Paul D , Vohs Jenifer L , O’Donnell Brian F , Shekhar Anantha , Hetrick William P 
Published: October 2008

Objective:  The present study investigated event‐related brain potential (ERP) indices of auditory processing and sensory gating in bipolar disorder and subgroups of bipolar patients with or without a history of psychosis using the P50 dual‐click procedure. Auditory‐evoked activity in two discrete frequency bands also was explored to distinguish between sensory registration and selective attention deficits.Methods:  Thirty‐one individuals with bipolar disorder and 28 non‐psychiatric controls were compared on ERP indices of auditory processing using a dual‐click procedure. In addition to conventional P50 ERP peak‐picking techniques, quantitative frequency analyses were applied to the ERP data to isolate stages of information processing associated with sensory registration (20–50 Hz; gamma band) and selective attention (0–20 Hz; low‐frequency band).Results:  Compared to the non‐psychiatric control group, patients with bipolar disorder exhibited reduced S1 response magnitudes for the conventional P50 peak‐picking and low‐frequency response analyses. A bipolar subgroup effect suggested that the attenuated S1 magnitudes from the P50 peak‐picking and low‐frequency analyses were largely attributable to patients without a history of psychosis.Conclusions:  The analysis of distinct frequency bands of the auditory‐evoked response elicited during the dual‐click procedure allowed further specification of the nature of auditory sensory processing and gating deficits in bipolar disorder with or without a history of psychosis. The observed S1 effects in the low‐frequency band suggest selective attention deficits in bipolar patients, especially those patients without a history of psychosis, which may reflect a diminished capacity to selectively attend to salient stimuli as opposed to impairments of inhibitory sensory processes.
The tryptophan hydroxylase gene influences risk for bipolar disorder but not major depressive disorder: results of meta‐analyses
Authors: Chen Christine , Glatt Stephen J , Tsuang Ming T 
Published: October 2008

Objective:  Tryptophan hydroxylase is the rate‐limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin, and thus its gene, TPH, has been extensively studied as a risk factor for both bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. The purpose of the present report is to synthesize the available data on these putative associations and derive best estimates of the nature and magnitude of the influence of TPH on risk for mood disorders.Methods:  We identified studies that examined the TPH A218C polymorphism in relation to major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder using the PubMed online search engine, ultimately including 10 case‐control studies in two meta‐analyses.Results:  The AA genotype had a significant effect on risk for bipolar disorder in comparison to either the CC or AC genotypes, suggesting that the A allele may increase risk for bipolar disorder in a recessive manner. None of the three genotypes significantly increased risk for major depressive disorder relative to any of the other genotypes.Conclusion:  The homozygous recessive genotype of the TPH A218C polymorphism has a significant effect on risk for bipolar disorder but not major depressive disorder. A possible explanation for these results is that the A allele influences mood by permitting or facilitating mania while having no effect on depression. Further replication of these findings in additional large case‐control and family‐based association is needed before TPH can be designated a risk gene for bipolar disorder.
A comparison of cognitive functioning in medicated and unmedicated subjects with bipolar depression
Authors: Holmes M Kathleen , Erickson Kristine , Luckenbaugh David A , Drevets Wayne C , Bain Earle E , Cannon Dara M , Snow Joseph , Sahakian Barbara J , Manji Husseini K , Zarate Carlos A 
Published: October 2008

Objective:  Neuropsychological studies of bipolar disorder reveal deficits in a variety of domains, including affective processing, memory, and sustained attention. These findings are difficult to interpret due to the potential confounding effects of mood‐stabilizing medications. The present study aims to compare the cognitive performance of medicated and unmedicated subjects with bipolar depression to healthy control subjects.Method:  Unmedicated subjects with bipolar depression (UBD, n = 32), subjects with bipolar depression on therapeutic doses of lithium or valproic acid (MBD, n = 33), and healthy control subjects (HC, n = 52) performed neuropsychological tasks measuring affective processing, visual memory, and sustained attention. Performance measures were covaried with age and mood ratings, where applicable.Results:  With regard to affective processing, the MBD group exhibited greater response latency than the UBD and HC groups. For the same task, the MBD group made more omission errors during the happy condition than in the sad condition. On a task of sustained attention, the MBD group made more errors than the HC group. There were no significant group differences on measures of visual memory.Conclusions:  Deficits in affective processing were found in the medicated group, while unmedicated subjects appear to be unaffected. In particular, the MBD group made more errors during happy conditions, indicating a potential attentional bias in subjects with bipolar depression on mood‐stabilizing medications. The present study also implicates impairment in sustained attention for medicated subjects with bipolar disorder, particularly those with the type II variety.
Dopamine D3 receptor‐preferring agonists increase dendrite arborization of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons via extracellular signal‐regulated kinase phosphorylation
Authors: Collo Ginetta , Zanetti Silvia , Missale Cristina , Spano PierFranco 
Published: October 2008

AbstractClinical improvements in Parkinson’s disease produced by dopamine D3 receptor‐preferring agonists have been related to their neuroprotective actions and, more recently, to their neuroregenerative properties. However, it is unclear whether dopamine agonists produce their neurotrophic effects by acting directly on receptors expressed by the mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons or indirectly on receptors expressed by astrocytes, via release of neurotrophic factors. In this study, we investigated the effects of the dopamine D3 receptor‐preferring agonists quinpirole and 7‐hydroxy‐N,N‐di‐propyl‐2‐aminotetralin (7‐OH‐DPAT), as well as of the indirect agonist amphetamine, on dopaminergic neurons identified by tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH‐IR). Experiments were performed on neuronal‐enriched primary cultures containing less than 0.5% of astrocytes prepared from the mouse embryo mesencephalon. After 3 days of incubation, both quinpirole (1–10 μm) and 7‐OH‐DPAT (5–500 nm) dose‐dependently increased the maximal dendrite length (P < 0.001), number of primary dendrites (P < 0.01) and [3H]dopamine uptake (P < 0.01) of TH‐IR‐positive mesencephalic neurons. Similar effects were observed with 10 μmamphetamine. All neurotrophic effects were blocked by the unselective D2/D3 receptor antagonist sulpiride (5 μm) and by the selective D3 receptor antagonist SB‐277011‐A at a low dose (50 nm). Quinpirole and 7‐OH‐DPAT also increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) within minutes, an effect blocked by pretreatment with SB‐277011‐A. Inhibition of the D2/D3 receptor signalling pathway to ERK was obtained with PD98059, GF109203 or LY294002, resulting in blockade of neurotrophic effects. These data suggest that dopamine agonists increase dendritic arborizations of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons via a direct effect on D2/D3 receptors, preferentially involving D3 receptor‐dependent neurotransmission.
Short‐lived brain state after cued motor imagery in naive subjects
Authors: Pfurtscheller G. , Scherer R. , Müller‐Putz G. R. , Lopes da Silva F. H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMulti‐channel electroencephalography recordings have shown that a visual cue, indicating right hand, left hand or foot motor imagery, can induce a short‐lived brain state in the order of about 500 ms. In the present study, 10 able‐bodied subjects without any motor imagery experience (naive subjects) were asked to imagine the indicated limb movement for some seconds. Common spatial filtering and linear single‐trial classification was applied to discriminate between two conditions (two brain states: right hand vs. left hand, left hand vs. foot and right hand vs. foot). The corresponding classification accuracies (mean ± SD) were 80.0 ± 10.6%, 83.3 ± 10.2% and 83.6 ± 8.8%, respectively. Inspection of central mu and beta rhythms revealed a short‐lasting somatotopically specific event‐related desynchronization (ERD) in the upper mu and/or beta bands starting ∼300 ms after the cue onset and lasting for less than 1 s.
Mortality risk analysis following routine vs selective defunctioning stoma formation after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer
Authors: Pata G. , D’Hoore A. , Fieuws S. , Penninckx F. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective  To answer the question whether a defunctioning stoma (DS) should be constructed routinely after total mesorectal excision or whether it could be used selectively to ensure patient safety.Method  A PubMed search was performed. All randomized trials on the role of a DS were included. Also, observational articles published between January 1997 and August 2007 were reviewed. Sensitivity analysis of the mortality risk was performed.Results  The clinical anastamotic leak (CAL) rate was 17% in 358 patients from four randomized trials and 9.6% in 4059 patients from 39 observational studies. The CAL rate increased significantly from 9.6% with DS to 24.4% without DS in four randomized trials, and from 7.9% with DS to 13.2% without DS in 17 observational studies. The re‐operation rate as a result of anastomotic leakage was lower in patients with DS than in patients without DS in both study types. Leak‐related mortality was not significantly different: 7.2% with vs 7.7% without DS in observational studies, and 0% with vs 4.6% without DS in randomized trials. Sensitivity analysis indicated that a selective DS strategy is acceptable if the CAL rate without DS is less than 16.6% with a CAL‐related mortality of no more than 4.6%.Conclusion  The results of this review support the routine construction of a protective stoma. However, selective use of a DS is justified from a patient safety point of view if the CAL‐rate and its related mortality are limited. Each unit should audit its performance.
How much might cardiovascular disease risk be reduced by intensive therapy in people with screen‐detected diabetes?
Authors: Echouffo‐Tcheugui J. B. , Sargeant L. A. , Prevost A. T. , Williams K. M. , Barling R. S. , Butler R. , Fanshawe T. , Kinmonth A. L. , Wareham N. J. , Griffin S. J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAims  To assess the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk of people with screen‐detected Type 2 diabetes and to estimate the risk reduction achievable through early intensive pharmacological intervention.Methods  In ADDITION‐Cambridge, diabetic patients were identified among people aged 40–69 years through a stepwise screening procedure including a risk score, random and fasting capillary blood glucose, HbA1c and oral glucose tolerance test. In those without prior macrovascular disease, 10‐year CVD risk was computed using UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) and Framingham engines. The absolute risk reduction achievable and its plausible range were predicted using relative risk reductions for individual therapies from published trials and sensitivity analysis.Results  Of the 867 individuals with undiagnosed diabetes, 19% had pre‐existing CVD, 97% were overweight or obese, 86% had hypertension, 75% had dyslipidaemia, 20% had microalbuminuria and 18% were smokers. Of those with hypertension, 35% were not prescribed drugs and 42% were suboptimally treated. Of participants with dyslipidaemia, 68% were not prescribed medications and 22% were poorly controlled. Median 10‐year CVD risk was 34.0%[interquartile range (IQR) 26.2–44.6] in men and 21.5% (IQR 15.7–28.7) in women using the UKPDS engine; 38.6% (IQR 27.8–53.0) in men and 24.6% (IQR 17.2–32.9) in women using Framingham equations. In the most conservative scenario (no additive effect of therapies), the absolute risk reduction achievable through multifactorial therapy ranged from 4.9 to 9.5% (UKPDS) and from 5.4 to 10.5% (Framingham). The corresponding ranges of numbers needed to treat were 11–20 and 10–19.Conclusions  People with screen‐detected diabetes have an adverse cardiovascular risk profile, which is potentially modifiable through application of existing treatment recommendations.
Clinical features and natural history of acquired cold urticaria in a tertiary referral hospital: a 10‐year prospective study
Authors: Katsarou‐Katsari A , Makris M , Lagogianni E , Gregoriou S , Theoharides T , Kalogeromitros D 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground  Acquired cold urticaria (ACU) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders that share a common clinical feature: the development of urticaria or angioedema after cold exposure. We present epidemiological and clinical data of subjects with ACU, natural progression and we examine possible parameters that could correlate with disease severity.Methods  During a 10‐year period in all subjects with ACU, detailed record of personal history, laboratory testing, cold stimulation testing (CST), atopy assessment and disease severity took place. In a re‐evaluation visit at the end of the surveillance period, ACU progression was assessed from patients in a subjective way.Results  Four thousand one hundred fifty‐seven individuals with chronic urticaria were referred, and 352 (198 males, 154 females, 8.47% of patients with chronic urticaria) presented definite symptoms of physical urticarias, while 95 individuals (49 males, 46 females, 27% of patients with physical urticarias) were detected with ACU. Sixty‐two participants were included in study analysis. Thirty‐two patients (51.6%) were female; the mean age was 41.5 ± 15.6 years, while the mean age at disease onset was 32.5 ± 15.6 years; half were ≤ 30 years old at disease onset. The mean duration of surveillance was 9.0 ± 6.9 years. During this time interval, 18 patients (29.0%) showed the same or even worse symptomatology, 26 patients reported some improvement (41.9%), while in 18 patients, symptoms resolved completely (29.0%); the mean time to resolution was 5.6 ± 3.5 years. Disease severity was the only variable statistically significantly related to disease progression (P = 0.004).Conclusions  Cold urticaria is a chronic persistent disorder with occasional severe clinical manifestations.
What Can the FOCUS E‐mail Discussion Group Tell Us About the Issues Facing CAMH Professionals?
Authors: Low Jessica , Dugmore Ottilie 
Published: October 2008

Background:  The FOCUS e‐mail discussion group was established in 1998 with the aim of facilitating information‐sharing between professionals working in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS).Method:  A content analysis was carried out on messages sent to the FOCUS e‐mail discussion group between September 2004 and August 2005.Results:  Discussion topics were widely distributed across twelve main themes, reflecting the breadth of issues discussed by CAMH professionals. The five most frequently discussed were: clinical cases; workforce issues; interventions; service policy; and service organisation.Conclusion:  The findings demonstrate the usefulness of the FOCUS e‐mail discussion group as a means of identifying the key issues facing CAMH professionals and consequently its potential to inform healthcare practice and policy.
Alcohol Withdrawal‐Induced Hippocampal Neurotoxicity In Vitro and Seizures In Vivo are Both Reduced by Memantine
Authors: Stepanyan Tracy D. , Farook Justin M. , Kowalski Alexandra , Kaplan Eva , Barron Susan , Littleton John M. 
Published: October 2008

Background: The ethanol withdrawal (EWD) syndrome is typically treated using benzodiazepines such as diazepam. However there is concern that benzodiazepines may not prevent neurotoxicity associated with EWD. Antagonists of glutamate/N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate receptors (NMDARs) such as MK801 have been shown to be effective against both EWD‐induced neurotoxicity in vitro and seizures in vivo. However, most of these agents have adverse side effects. An exception is the moderate affinity NMDAR channel blocker memantine, used in Alzheimer’s dementia. The present studies examined the ability of memantine to protect against EWD‐related toxicity in vitro and seizures in vivo.Methods: Organotypic hippocampal slice cultures from neonatal rat pups were treated starting at 15 days in vitro with 100 mM ethanol for 10 days followed by a 24‐hour EWD period. During the 24‐hour EWD period cultures were treated with memantine (15 or 30 μM). MK801 (10 μM) was utilized as a positive control. For the in vivo studies, the ability of memantine (2, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) to reduce convulsions was analyzed in Swiss‐Webster mice using the handling induced convulsion test paradigm.Results: In vitro studies demonstrated that memantine is effective at blocking EWD‐induced neurotoxicity. In vivo experiments showed that memantine also significantly reduced convulsions induced by EWD in mice.Conclusions: Memantine may be of therapeutic value during alcohol detoxification by virtue of its having neuroprotective effects in addition to anti‐seizure activity. The potential role of memantine in treatment of alcoholism is deserving of further study.
Variable Judgments of Decisional Capacity in Cognitively Impaired Research Subjects
Authors: Stocking Carol B. , Hougham Gavin W. , Danner Deborah D. , Patterson Marion B. , Whitehouse Peter J. , Sachs Greg A. 
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVES:To compare assessments of the decisional capacity of cognitively impaired patients by research assistants (RAs) and by family caregiver/proxies and to determine whether either or both groups judge capacity differently depending on the specific (hypothetical) research enrollment decision being made.DESIGN:Cross‐sectional.SETTING:Three clinics, one each in Ohio, Kentucky, and Illinois.PARTICIPANTS:One hundred forty‐nine patients with established dementia diagnoses and their caregiver/proxies.MEASUREMENTS:As part of a longer interview, patients were asked about future enrollment in five hypothetical research projects with varying risks and benefits. After patients reported each decision and reasons for that decision, RAs (using Applebaum and Grisso's four standards) indicated whether the patients were competent to make that decision on their own. In separate interviews, caregiver/proxies were asked for a similar appraisal based on life experience with the patient. RA and proxy judgments were compared.RESULTS:Capacity judgments by RAs and by caregiver/proxies differed according to specific project for most patients. Agreement between RA and caregiver/proxy judgments varied according to project, but agreement was only fair when tested using kappa (range in data 0.21–0.39). Caregiver/proxies appraised 50 patients as competent for all decisions, and RAs assessed 47 as so. Of these, only 24 were the same patients.CONCLUSION:If capacity were assessed anew for each enrollment decision, more potential participants could maintain authority in making those decisions.
A Comprehensive Hip Fracture Program Reduces Complication Rates and Mortality
Authors: Pedersen Susanne J. , Borgbjerg Finn M. , Schousboe Birgitte , Pedersen Bente D. , Jørgensen Henrik L. , Duus Benn R. , Lauritzen Jes B. ,   Hip Fracture Group of Bispebjerg Hospital
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the rate of postoperative complications, length of stay, and 1‐year mortality before and after introduction of a comprehensive multidisciplinary fast‐track treatment and care program for hip fracture patients (the optimized program).DESIGN: Retrospective chart review with historical control.SETTING: Orthopedic ward (110 beds) at a university hospital (700 beds).PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred thirty‐five consecutive patients aged 40 and older (94%≥60) hospitalized for hip fracture between January 1, 2003, and March 31, 2004. Three hundred and thirty‐six patients (70.3%) were community dwellers before the fracture and 159 (29.7%) were admitted from nursing homes.INTERVENTION: The fast‐track treatment and care program included a switch from systemic opiates to a local femoral nerve catheter block; an earlier assessment by the anesthesiologist; and a more‐systematic approach to nutrition, fluid and oxygen therapy, and urinary retention.RESULTS: In the intervention group, the rate of any in‐hospital postoperative complication was reduced from 33% to 20% (odds ratio=0.61, 95% confidence interval=0.4–0.9; P=.002). Rates of confusion (P=.02), pneumonia (P=.03), and urinary tract infection (P<.001) were lower in the intervention group than in the control group, and length of stay was 15.8 days in the control group, versus 9.7 days in the intervention group (P<.001). For community dwellers, 12‐month mortality was 23% in the control group versus 12% in the intervention group (P=.02). Overall 12‐month mortality was 29% in the control group and 23% in the intervention group (P=.2).CONCLUSION: The optimized hip fracture program reduced the rate of in‐hospital postoperative complications and mortality. Randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these results and elucidate the elements of the program that have the greatest effect on clinical outcomes and mortality.
Image Integration‐Guided Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: DELLA BELLA PAOLO , FASSINI GAETANO , CIREDDU MANUELA , RIVA STEFANIA , CARBUCICCHIO CORRADO , GIRALDI FRANCESCO , MACCABELLI GIUSEPPE , TREVISI NICOLA , MOLTRASIO MASSIMO , PEPI MAURO , GALLI CLAUDIA A. , ANDREINI DANIELE , BALLERINI GIOVANNI , PONTONE GIANLUCA 
Published: October 2008

Image Integration for Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. Background: Several studies have provided details of left atrial anatomy by means of the image integration techniques, particularly focusing on the atypical patterns of the pulmonary veins.
Objective:
To compare, in a prospective, randomized fashion, the conventional method of pulmonary vein disconnection and the image integration‐guided approach.
Methods:
Two hundred and ninety consecutive patients (290 patients, mean age 55 ± 11 years) with drug‐refractory paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation were enrolled in the study and were divided into two treatment groups: group 1 (145 patients) undergoing an imaging integration‐guided (CartoMerge TM) ablation; group 2 (145 patients) treated by a conventional radiofrequency catheter ablation procedure. The arrhythmia was refractory to at least two antiarrhythmic drugs (IC, amiodarone).
Results:
Electrical disconnection of all identified pulmonary veins was obtained in all patients of both groups. Bidirectional block of the cavotricuspid isthmus was achieved in 34 group 1 patients and in 40 group 2 patients. Left mitral isthmus ablation was attempted in 52 group 1 patients and in 56 group 2 patients. At a mean follow‐up of 14 ± 12 months, the atrial fibrillation‐free survival rate was significantly higher in group 1 patients compared with group 2 patients (88% vs 69%, P = 0.017). The analysis for the subset of patients with previously ineffective ablation (98 patients: 52 group 1 patients and 46 group 2 patients) showed a significantly lower recurrence rate in group 1 versus group 2 (19% vs 48%, P < 0.01).
Conclusions:
Our data indicate a superior efficacy of the image‐integration guided catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation over the long term. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 20, pp. 258‐265, March 2009)