bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the Thermionic Detection of Photoionization Spectra of Caesium Vapours
Authors: Popescu I. , Ghitå C. , Popescu A. , Musa G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA caesium filled thermionic diode, working in the space charge limited mode, is used for obtaining further data on the mechanism of photoionization in caesium vapours. Particular emphasis is given to molecule photoionization, in the wavelength range of higher members of the principal series, the corresponding cross‐section being estimated at 7· 10−18 cm2 for 3257 Å. The ions formed at a relative large distance (a few cm). from the thermionic detector are found to contribute substantially in the space charge neutralization. Data on the optimization of the cadmium absorption resonance line 3261 Å are also given.
Das CARTANsche Problem in der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie
Authors: Levaschev A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie Grundannahme der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie (ART), daß die 4‐dimensionale Welt (das Raum‐Zeit‐Kontinuum) inhomogen ist, führt zu einem fundamentalen Problem, das Cartan formuliert hat [1]: man muß zahlreiche Experimente, die unter Voraussetzung der Homogenität der Welt gemacht werden, für eine inhomogene Welt interpretieren. Diese Frage nennen wir das Cartansche Problem. ‐ Diese Arbeit hat zum Ziel, zur Lösung dieses Problems im Rahmen der Tetradformulierungen der ART beizutragen.
Zum Problem der Ausbreitung thermoelastischer Wellen
Authors: Müller H. , Stork K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAusgehend von einem allgemeinen Gleichungssystem, welches thermoelastische Vorgänge beschreibt, werden Wellen in einem unendlich ausgedehnten Medium diskutiert. Die nach der isothermen Theorie zu erwartenden Ergebnisse erscheinen durch die Kopplung zwischen Temperaturfeld und Verschiebungsfeld in charakteristischer Weise modifiziert.
Diffraction Scattering and Regge Pole Technique
Authors: El‐Wakil S. A. , Kresnin A. A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe diffraction scattering of spin zero nuclei was considered in Regge pole representation. The second pair of pole in the complex l‐plane was found to affect the small angle, scattering. This can be shown in the analysis of α‐particle scattering on the nuclei Mg24, Zn64 and Sr88. The scattering of two identical particle was also considered at an energy above the Coulomb barrier. Satisfactory result was obtained.
Zur freien Energie von Quantenplasmen kleiner Dichte
Authors: Ebeling W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA general explicit formula for the free energy of low density plasmas at temperatures in the range of 103 ≲ T ≲ 108 °K is proposed. This formula is obtained by an analytical interpolation between the result for the free energy of low temperature plasmas and that for high temperature plasmas, which are known from other papers [1–7].
Recent Advances in Asymmetric Phase‐Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Ooi Takashi , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe use of chiral nonracemic onium salts and crown ethers as effective phase‐transfer catalysts have been studied intensively primarily for enantioselective carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond‐forming reactions under mild biphasic conditions. An essential issue for optimal asymmetric catalysis is the rational design of catalysts for targeted reaction, which allows generation of a well‐defined chiral ion pair that reacts with electrophiles in a highly efficient and stereoselective manner. This concept, together with the synthetic versatility of phase‐transfer catalysis, provides a reliable and general strategy for the practical asymmetric synthesis of highly valuable organic compounds.
Spinnability of chitosan butyrate/cellulose acetate for obtaining a blend fiber
Authors: El‐Tahlawy Khaled , Hudson Samuel M. , Hebeish A. A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe production of chitosan fibers has remained of interest over the last decade. However, the copolymer structure of partially deacetylated chitosan generally lowers the dry/wet strength properties of chitosan fibers. There are numerous methods available for improving the mechanical properties of chitosan fibers, that is, the strain and stress to failure. In this work, the blending of chitosan with cellulose acetate is described. The chitosan is in the form of the butyrate ester, which, like cellulose acetate, is easily transesterified to regenerate the polysaccharide. The fibers obtained from codissolving cellulose acetate with chitosan butyrate are described. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Soiling of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Koponen Hanna‐Kaisa , Suvanto Mika , Pakkanen Tapani A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe effects of three plasticizers and two plasticizer concentrations on the topography and soiling of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) were studied. Palmitic acid and triolein were chosen to represent solid and liquid soils. The feasibility of using infrared spectroscopy to quantify the amount of soil on PVC was examined. The structure of the solid model soil on plasticized PVC was studied with optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Palmitic acid formed two different structures on the PVC surface. Both the type and concentration of the plasticizer influenced the structure of the oily soil on plasticized PVC. The wetting of plasticized PVC with the liquid oily soil was compared to wetting with water through the measurement of the contact angles. Plasticized PVC was hydrophobic and oleophilic. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Tensile properties of wood flour/kenaf fiber polypropylene hybrid composites
Authors: Mirbagheri Jamal , Tajvidi Mehdi , Hermanson John C. , Ghasemi Ismaeil 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHybrid composites of wood flour/kenaf fiber and polypropylene were prepared at a fixed fiber to plastic ratio of 40 : 60 and variable ratios of the two reinforcements namely 40 : 0, 30 : 10, 20 : 20, 10 : 30, and 0 : 40 by weight. Polypropylene was used as the polymer matrix, and 40–80 mesh kenaf fiber and 60–100 mesh wood flour were used as the fiber and the particulate reinforcement, respectively. Maleic anhydride and dicumyl peroxide were also used as the coupling agent and initiator, respectively. Mixing process was carried out in an internal mixer at 180°C at 60 rpm. ASTM D 638 Type I tensile specimens of the composites were produced by injection molding. Static tensile tests were performed to study the mechanical behavior of the hybrid composites. The hybrid effect on the elastic modulus of the composites was also investigated using the rule of hybrid mixtures and Halpin–Tsai equations. The relationship between experimental and predicted values was evaluated and accuracy estimation of the models was performed. The results indicated that while nonhybrid composites of kenaf fiber and wood flour exhibited the highest and lowest modulus values respectively, the moduli of hybrid composites were closely related to the fiber to particle ratio of the reinforcements. Rule of hybrid mixtures equation was able to predict the elastic modulus of the composites better than Halpin–Tsai equation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Forelimb myology of the pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis)
Authors: Fisher Rebecca E. , Scott Kathleen M. , Naples Virginia L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBased on morphological analyses, hippos have traditionally been classified as Suiformes, along with pigs and peccaries. However, molecular data indicate hippos and cetaceans are sister taxa (see review in Uhen, 2007, this issue). This study analyzes soft tissue characters of the pygmy hippo forelimb to elucidate the functional anatomy and evolutionary relationships of hippos within Artiodactyla. Two specimens from the National Zoological Park in Washington, D.C. were dissected, revealing several adaptations to an aquatic lifestyle. However, these adaptations differ functionally from most aquatic mammals as hippos walk along river or lake bottoms, rather than swim. Several findings highlight a robust mechanism for propelling the trunk forward through the water. For example, mm. pectoralis superficialis and profundus demonstrate broad sites of origin, while the long flexor tendons serve each of the digits, reflecting the fact that all toes are weight‐bearing. Pygmy hippos also have eight mm. interossei and a well‐developed m. lumbricalis IV. Retention of intrinsic adductors functions to prevent splaying of the toes, an advantageous arrangement in an animal walking on muddy substrates. Published descriptions indicate common hippos share all of these features. Hippo and ruminant forelimbs share several traits; however, hippos are unique among artiodactyls in retaining several primitive muscles (e.g., mm. palmaris longus and flexor digitorum brevis). These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that hippos diverged from other Artiodactyla early in the history of this group. Additional analyses of hindlimb and axial muscles may help determine whether this trajectory was closely allied to that of Cetacea. Anat Rec, 290:673–693, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure of the integument of southern right whales, Eubalaena australis
Authors: Reeb Desray , Best Peter Barrington , Kidson Susan Hillary 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSkin (integument) anatomy reflects adaptations to particular environments. It is hypothesized that cetacean (whale) integument will show unique anatomical adaptations to an aquatic environment, particularly regarding differences in temperature, density, and pressure. In this study, the gross and histological structure of the southern right whale integument is described and compared with terrestrial mammals and previous descriptions of mysticete (baleen whale) and odontocete (toothed whale) species. Samples were taken of the integument of 98 free‐swimming southern right whales, Eubalaena australis, and examined by both light and electron microscopy. Results show that three epidermal layers are present, with the stratum corneum being parakeratotic in nature. As in bowhead whales, southern right whales possess an acanthotic epidermis and a notably thick hypodermis, with epidermal rods and extensive papillomatosis. However, unlike bowhead whales, southern right whales possess an uninterrupted hypodermal layer. Surprisingly, the integument of balaenids (right and bowhead mysticetes) in general is more like that of odontocetes than that of the more closely related balaenopterids (rorqual mysticetes). Similarities to odontocetes were found specifically in the collagen fibers in a fat‐free zone of the reticular dermal layer and the elastic fibers in the dermal and hypodermal layers. Callosities, a distinctive feature of this genus, have a slightly thicker stratum corneum and are usually associated with hairs that have innervated and vascularized follicles. These hairs may function as vibrissae, thus aiding in aquatic foraging by allowing rapid detection of changes in prey density. Although the thick insulatory integument makes right whales bulky and slow‐moving, it is an adaptation for living in cold water. Epidermal thickness, presence of epidermal rods, and callosities may act as barriers against mechanical injury from bodily contact with conspecifics or hard surfaces in the environment (e.g., rocks, ice). Anat Rec, 290:596–613, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigating and modeling metadata use to support information architecture development in the statistical knowledge network
Authors: Hert Carol A. , Denn Sheila O. , Gillman Daniel W. , Oh Jung Sun , Pattuelli Maria Cristina , Hernández Naybell 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMetadata and an appropriate metadata model are nontrivial components of information architecture conceptualization and implementation, particularly when disparate and dispersed systems are integrated. Metadata availability can enhance retrieval processes, improve information organization and navigation, and support management of digital objects. To support these activities efficiently, metadata need to be modeled appropriately for the tasks. The authors' work focuses on how to understand and model metadata requirements to support the work of end users of an integrative statistical knowledge network (SKN). They report on a series of user studies. These studies provide an understanding of metadata elements necessary for a variety of user‐oriented tasks, related business rules associated with the use of these elements, and their relationship to other perspectives on metadata model development. This work demonstrates the importance of the user perspective in this type of design activity and provides a set of strategies by which the results of user studies can be systematically utilized to support that design.
The Big Pulkovo Radio Telescope and Pulkovo radio astronomy
Authors: Parijskij Y.N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper the history of the Pulkovo Radio Telescope and its successor the Ratan‐600 facility is described. Interwoven in this description are the developments in the Russian radio astronomy from the early beginnings 60 years ago up till the present. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory: origin and first decade's history
Authors: Dagkesamanskii R.D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe first radio astronomical investigations in the Lebedev Physical Institute are described. Some details of the large radio telescopes construction in Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory as well as the most significant scientific results obtained with them are quoted in the paper, too. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
How do synonymous mutations affect fitness?
Authors: Parmley Joanna L. , Hurst Laurence D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWhile it has often been assumed that, in humans, synonymous mutations would have no effect on fitness, let alone cause disease, this position has been questioned over the last decade. There is now considerable evidence that such mutations can, for example, disrupt splicing and interfere with miRNA binding. Two recent publications suggest involvement of additional mechanisms: modification of protein abundance most probably mediated by alteration in mRNA stability1 and modification of protein structure and activity,2 probably mediated by induction of translational pausing. These case histories put a further nail into the coffin of the assumption that synonymous mutations must be neutral. BioEssays 29:515–519, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liquid‐phase separation of reactive dye by wood‐rotting fungus: A biotechnological approach
Authors: Binupriya Arthur R. , Sathishkumar Muthuswamy , Dhamodaran Kavitha , Jayabalan Rasu , Swaminathan Krishnaswamy , Yun Sei Eok 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe live and pretreated mycelial pellets/biomass of Trametes versicolor was used for the biosorption of a textile dye, reactive blue MR (RBMR) from aqueous solution. The parameters that affect the biosorption of RBMR, such as contact time, concentration of dye and pH, on the extent of RBMR adsorption were investigated. To develop an effective and accurate design model for removal of dye, adsorption kinetics and equilibrium data are essential basic requirements. Lagergren first‐order, second‐order and Bangham's model were used to fit the experimental data. Results of the kinetic studies showed that the second order kinetic model fitted well for the present experimental data. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of the biosorption equilibrium. The biosorption equilibrium data obeyed well for Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 49.8, 51.6, 47.4 and 46.7 mg/g for live, autoclaved, acid‐ and alkali‐pretreated biomass. The dye uptake capacity order of the fungal biomass was found as autoclaved > live > acid‐treated > alkali‐pretreated. The Freundlich and Temkin models were also able to describe the biosorption equilibrium on RBMR on live and pretreated fungal biomass. Acidic pH was favorable for the adsorption of dye. Studies on pH effect and desorption show that chemisorption seems to play a major role in the adsorption process. On comparison with fixed bed adsorption, batch mode adsorption was more efficient in adsorption of RBMR.
The roles of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 in dendrite and synapse development
Authors: Cheung Zelda H. , Ip Nancy Y. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSince the isolation of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), this proline‐directed serine/threonine kinase has been demonstrated as an important regulator of neuronal migration, neuronal survival and synaptic functions. Recently, a number of players implicated in dendrite and synapse development have been identified as Cdk5 substrates. Neurite extension, synapse and spine maturation are all modulated by a myriad of extracellular guidance cues or trophic factors. Cdk5 was recently demonstrated to regulate signaling downstream of some of these extracellular factors, in addition to modulating Rho GTPase activity, which regulates cytoskeletal dynamics. In this communication, we summarize our existing knowledge on the pathways and mechanisms through which Cdk5 affects dendrite, synapse and spine development.
Oral Administration of (11E)‐13‐Oxo‐15,16‐dinorlabda‐8(20),11‐dien‐19‐oic Acid Strongly Reduces Photocarcinogenesis in Mouse Skin Exposed to UV‐B Irradiation
Authors: Nishizawa Manabu , Ohtsu Hironori , Tanaka Reiko , Tokuda Harukuni , Katoh Takahiro , Takeo Masatoshi , Node Manabu 
Published: May 2007

Abstract(11E)‐13‐Oxo‐15,16‐dinorlabda‐8(20),11‐dien‐19‐oic Acid (1), obtained either from the stem bark of Thuja standishii or readily prepared in larger quantities from the related constituent 2, was found to significantly reduce the formation of papilloma in an in vivo two‐stage mouse‐skin‐carcinogenesis model. Carcinogenesis was initiated by skin exposure to UV‐B irradiation and promoted by topical application of 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA). Oral administration of 1, starting one week before and ending one week after irradiation, exhibited remarkable effects. First, papilloma formation started two weeks later than in the control group (lacking 1). Second, the average number of skin papilloma after 20 weeks was reduced by ca. 50% in the test group relative to the control.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Substituted Urea Derivatives as Inhibitors of Human‐Leukemia K562 Cells
Authors: Cao Ping , Huang Xian‐Feng , Ding Hui , Ge Hui‐Ming , Li Huan‐Qiu , Ruan Ban‐Feng , Zhu Hai‐Liang 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA series of substituted urea derivatives, compounds 1–14, were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the human‐leukemia K562 cell line. Two structurally simple compounds, 7 and 12, both incorporating a morpholine ring, were found to be highly active, with IC50 values of ca. 0.25 μM.
Two New Protease‐Inhibiting Glycosphingolipids from Buddleja crispa
Authors: Ahmad Ijaz , Anis Itrat , Fatima Itrat , Malik Abdul , Khan Shafiullah , Afza Nighat , Tareen Rasool Bakhsh , Lodhi Muhammad Arif , Choudhary M. Iqbal 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCrispins A (1) and B (2), two new glycosphingolipids, were isolated from the whole plant Buddleja crispa, along with three known compounds: α‐amyrin, linoleic acid, and stigmasterol. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Both 1 and 2 showed significant inhibitory activity against α‐chymotrypsin in a concentration‐dependent manner.
Cytotoxic Prenylated Phenolic Compounds from the Twig Bark of Garcinia xanthochymus
Authors: Han Quan‐Bin , Qiao Chun‐Feng , Song Jing‐Zheng , Yang Nian‐Yun , Cao Xin‐Wei , Peng Yong , Yang Da‐Jian , Chen Shi‐Lin , Xu Hong‐Xi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThree new hydroxylated xanthones with prenyl or geranyl substituents, compounds 1–3, were isolated from the twig bark of Garcinia xanthochymus, along with the four known compounds 1,4,5,6‐tetrahydroxy‐7,8‐diprenylxanthone (4), 1,3,5,6‐tetrahydroxy‐4,7,8‐triprenylxanthone (5), garciniaxanthone E (6), and 6‐prenylapigenin (7). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR as well as HR‐MS experiments. All compounds showed moderate cytotoxicities against breast cancer (MDA‐MB‐435S) and lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cell lines, but lacked antifungal activity against Candida albicans.
Benzoquinones from Ardisia japonica with Inhibitory Activity towards Human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B)
Authors: Li Yan‐Fang , Li Jia , Shen Qiang , Hu Li‐Hong 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFrom the whole plant of Ardisia japonica, four [1,4]benzoquinones were isolated by means of bioassay‐directed fractionation of the EtOH extract. Apart from the two known compounds maesanin (1) and its congener 2, two new benzoquinones, i.e., 5‐ethoxy‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐[(10Z)‐pentadec‐10‐en‐1‐yl][1,4]benzoquinone (3) and 5‐ethoxy‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐[(8Z)‐tridec‐8‐en‐1‐yl][1,4]benzoquinone (4), were identified. All compounds showed significant in vitro bioactivities against the PTP1B enzyme, with IC50 values in the range of ca. 3–19 μM.
Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Antioxidant Evaluation of Cydonioside A, an Unusual Terpenoid from the Fruits of Cydonia vulgaris
Authors: Fiorentino Antonio , D'Abrosca Brigida , Pacifico Severina , Mastellone Claudio , Piccolella Simona , Monaco Pietro 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA novel terpenoid, cydonioside A (1), was isolated from the fruits of Cydonia vulgaris Pers. Its structure and relative configuration were elucidated on the basis of in‐depth spectroscopic analyses, including 2D‐NMR experiments as well as MM+ calculations. Compound 1 was assayed for its radical‐scavenging activity towards the DPPH radical and the superoxide radical anion (O${{_{2}^{{^\cdot} -}}}$), as well as for its overall antioxidant activity, as assessed by the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex.
cis‐ und trans‐1‐Methyl‐cyclopentanol‐(2)
Authors: Hückel Walter , Kindler Horst 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie beiden stereoisomeren o‐Methyl‐cyclopentanole wurden dargestellt und durch Derivate charakterisiert; von den nicht krystallisierenden Toluolsulfonsäureestern ist der des cis‐Isomeren zersetzlicher.
Zur Klassifizierung der Inhibitor‐ und Reglerwirkungen bei Polymerisationsreaktionen
Authors: Schulz G. V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird gezeigt, daß zwischen starken und schwachen Inhibitoren kein grundsätzlicher, sondern nur ein gradueller Unterschied besteht. Ihrer Wirkung nach lassen sich die Inhibitoren und damit auch die Regler in 4 Klassen einteilen, je nachdem, ob sie in den Primärakt, oder den Kettenabbruch, oder in beide Teilreaktionen zugleich eingreifen. Bei der Einwirkung auf den Primärakt ist eine Hemmung oder Beschleunigung zu unterscheiden.Durch gleichzeitige Messung der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und des Polymerisationsgrades kann man für jeden Inhibitor leicht entscheiden, welcher Klasse er angehört, und seine charakteristischen Reaktionskonstanten bestimmen.
Über N‐Glykoside, VI. Mitteil.: Katalytische Oxydation von Aryl‐isoglykosaminen
Authors: Weygand Friedrich , Bergmann Annemarie 
Published: May 2007

Abstractp‐Tolyl‐d‐isoglucosamin kann in ammoniakalischer Lösung mit Sauerstoff und Platinkohle zur d‐Arabonsäure oxydiert werden, deren Ammoniumsalz sofort in reinem Zustand gewonnen wird. Auch andere Aryl‐isoglykosamine können in gleicher Weise abgebaut werden.