bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Organic Sources and Mineral N Fertilizer on Soil Fertility and Coriander Plant (Coriandrum sativum L.) Productivity and Quality under Saline Soil
Authors: Shaban Khaled A. H. , Ahmed Marwa A. , El-Sheikh Mohamed I. M. Nashwa M. , Dshesh T. H. M. A.  
Published: February 2024

Two field experiments were carried out at Gelbana, North Sina government during successive winters 2021/2022 and 2022/ 2023 to study the evaluation of organic sources (compost, biochar, and organic farm) combined with or without mineral N different rates on soil fertility and Coriander productivity. Lies coast of Sinai, between 32o_ 350 and 32o_ 450 E and 31o_ 000 and 31o_ 250 N. Lies in the north-western Mediterranean coast of Sinai, between 32o_ 350 and 32o_ 450 E and 31o_ 000 and 31o_ 250 N. Each experiment was carried out in a split-plot design with three replicates in both seasons. Results showed that applying compost combined with or without mineral N fertilizer at different rates improved soil fertility (decreased soil pH, soil salinity, and increase of available macronutrients and micronutrient contents in soil) compared with other treatments. Also, the maximum mean values of Plant height (cm); No. of branches /plant; the weight of seeds /plant (g); the weight of seeds yield (ton/fed), fresh green leaves (ton/fed), and dry yield leaves (ton/fed) for soil treated with compost combined with mineral fertilizer different rate, while the weight of 1000 (g) seeds as affected by organic farm combined with mineral N fertilizer rate. The highest values of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in seeds were treating with compost combined with mineral N fertilizer at a 100 kg N /fed rate than other treatments. As well as, the application of compost combined with mineral N fertilizer at different rates was an increase in protein (%), oil (%), and carbohydrate (%). chlorophyll while the proline was decrease value.
Effect of Hydrolyzable Tannins of Euphorbia Plants on the Rat Antioxidant System of under Oxidative Stress
Authors: Isamukhamedova Dildora R. , Ergashev Nurali A. , Rakhimov Rakhmatulla N. , Asrarov Muzaffar I. 
Published: February 2024

Aim: Study of the effect of hydrolyzable tannins isolated from Euphorbia plants on alloxan-induced OS under in vivo conditions.
Methodology: Polyphenols were isolated from Euphorbia plants using an extraction method, after which the effect of these polyphenols on malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity under oxidative stress in rats was determined in vivo.
Results: The data obtained show that the studied hydrolyzable tannins reduce the amount of MDA in organs and tissues to the control level under alloxan-induced OS conditions. It was also found that polyphenols 3GHG, 1GHG and geraniin restore GR activity, and 2DGG had virtually no effect on the restoration of enzyme activity in the blood plasma and pancreas under OS conditions. However, the studied hydrolyzable tannins provide feebly expressed influence on the restoration of GR activity in the liver of rats under OS conditions.
Conclusions: Thus, these hydrolyzed tannins exhibit strong antioxidant properties when acting on the amount of MDA, but when the GR activity is restored, their activity is weakly expressed.
Impact of Retention Practices by Skyline Hotel of Gujarat, India
Authors: Parween Shama 
Published: February 2024

This research aims to study the impact of retention practices within Skyline Hotel, Gujarat, and find areas of improvement for more effective outcomes. Data collection was conducted utilizing both structured and open-ended questionnaires. The study comprised a sample size of 40, chosen through probability-based sampling techniques. Analysis unveiled four primary factors influencing individuals' decisions to enter the Skyline Hotel i.e. salary, prospects for career advancement, attainment of senior positions, and complexities inherent in job roles. Critical determinants of employee satisfaction encompassed effective utilization of technology, availability of sufficient resources, provision of a safe and comfortable work environment, and devotion to consistent management policies. Moreover, five parameters crucial to personnel productivity emerged: contentment with colleagues, recognition of job performance, opportunities for future growth, and acknowledgment of employee input. The research findings underscored a spectrum of perspectives among Skyline Hotel personnel in Gujarat concerning factors shaping their decisions. There are some respondents expressed their willingness to leave their current positions in search of enhanced career advancement opportunities and more promising job prospects elsewhere. This research provides valuable insights into the factors affecting employee retention strategies and productivity within the Skyline hotel in Gujarat, shedding light on areas where improvements can be made to foster a more engaged and satisfied workforce. These findings may serve as a foundation for the development of retention strategies that can benefit both hotel employees and the organizations they serve.
Phylogenomic Inference of Protein Molecular Function
Authors: Krishnamurthy Nandini , Sjölander Kimmen 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWith the explosion in sequence data, accurate prediction of protein function has become a vital task in prioritizing experimental investigation. While computationally efficient methods for homology‐based function prediction have been developed to make this approach feasible in high‐throughput mode, it is not without its dangers. Biological processes such as gene duplication, domain shuffling, and speciation produce families of related genes whose gene products can have vastly different molecular functions. Standard sequence‐comparison approaches may not discriminate effectively among these candidate homologs, leading to errors in database annotations. In this unit, we describe phylogenomic approaches to reduce the error rate in function prediction. Phylogenomic inference of protein molecular function consists of a series of subtasks. Once a cluster of homologs is identified, a multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree are constructed. Finally, the phylogenetic tree is overlaid with experimental data culled for the members of the family, and changes in biochemical function can be traced along the evolutionary tree.
Growing and Analyzing Biofilms in Fermenters
Authors: Ramey Bronwyn E. , Parsek Matthew R. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractOne of the most daunting challenges of biofilm research is comparing experimental results produced by multiple laboratories, each of which uses different techniques to generate, analyze, and interpret biofilm data. The heterogeneity inherent to biofilm communities contributes to the difficulty in obtaining reproducible results between experiments within a single laboratory, but the problem is compounded further by a lack of standardization in techniques. A number of biofilm culture methods are presented in this unit to provide a set of standards for biofilm study. Each model system differs in growth conditions, applied variables, and experimental output, all of which must be carefully considered when designing an experiment and, most critically, during data interpretation. In this unit, two methods of biofilm culture that are known to reliably provide reproducible, statistically clean results in determining the viability and antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilm communities are described. The spinning disc model provides multiple biofilm samples from the same biofilm reactor, significantly reducing data variability. The tube biofilm method, in addition to providing this benefit, can be used for expression analysis, and thus can yield informative data on both macro‐ and micro‐scales. These methods also utilize continuous culture, or chemostat, conditions to maintain a quasi‐steady state.
Example of Real‐Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription–PCR (Q‐RT‐PCR) Analysis of Bacterial Gene Expression during Mammalian Infection: Borrelia burgdorferi in Mouse Tissues
Authors: Miller Jennifer C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis unit provides a chronological in‐depth description of all protocols needed for quantitative reverse transcription–PCR (Q‐RT‐PCR) analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi gene expression within infected mouse tissues. Specifically, this unit discusses the extraction of RNA from infected mouse tissues, removal of contaminating genomic DNA from the purified RNA, preparation of cDNA and genomic DNA standards, LightCycler‐based PCR, and a relative quantification analysis of the cDNA. Q‐RT‐PCR as a highly relevant and powerful tool used to detect gene expression by bacteria within mammalian host tissues. It is also an invaluable technique used to measure and assess the small differences in expression that can exist among a set of genes, whereas this type of analysis is not feasible using less‐sensitive techniques such as indirect immunofluorescence analysis or qualitative RT‐PCR. Although the protocols described herein are tailored for B. burgdorferi, they are broadly applicable to other microbes.
Proper Alignment and Adjustment of the Light Microscope
Authors: Salmon Edward D. , von Lackum Kate , Canman Julie C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe light microscope is a basic tool for the cell biologist, who should have a thorough understanding of how it works, how it should be aligned for different applications (e.g., brightfield, phase‐contrast, differential interference contrast, and fluorescence epi‐illumination), and how it should be maintained as required to obtain maximum image‐forming capacity and resolution. The principles of microscopy and step‐by‐step alignment and adjustment procedures are described in this unit.
Sindbis Virus: Propagation, Quantification, and Storage
Authors: Hernandez Raquel , Sinodis Christine , Brown Dennis T. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe prototype of the Alphaviruses, Sindbis virus, has a broad host range. In nature, Sindbis virus shuttles from an insect vector to a vertebrate host and back to the insect vector in a complex transmission cycle. Sindbis virus must, therefore, be able to replicate in two biochemically and genetically divergent hosts, invertebrates and vertebrates. In the laboratory, Sindbis grows to high titers in a large variety of cultured cells of both vertebrate and invertebrate origin. Sindbis virus is easily titered for infectivity on several mammalian cell lines as well as certain mosquito cells. Full‐length cDNA clones of several strains of Sindbis virus are available from which infectious RNA can be synthesized, making possible the genetic manipulation of the virus. Transfection of mammalian and insect cells by electroporation has facilitated expression of RNA mutants in the cell lines of choice.
Gram Staining
Authors: Coico Richard 
Published: October 2005

AbstractNamed after Hans Christian Gram who developed the method in 1884, the Gram stain allows one to distinguish between Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria on the basis of differential staining with a crystal violet‐iodine complex and a safranin counterstain. The cell walls of Gram‐positive organisms retain this complex after treatment with alcohol and appear purple, whereas gram‐negative organisms decolorize following such treatment and appear pink. The method described here is useful for assessing bacterial contamination of tissue culture samples or for examining the Gram stain status and morphological features of bacteria isolated from mixed or isolated bacterial cultures.
Pilot‐scale anaerobic thermophilic digester treating municipal sludge
Authors: de la Rubia M. A. , Romero L. I. , Sales D. , Perez M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe work reported concerns anaerobic thermophilic municipal sludge digestion (55°C) in a completely mixed anaerobic digester on a pilot‐plant scale (850 L). The experimental protocol was defined to examine the effect of increasing the organic loading rate (OLR) on the efficiency of this digester and to report on its steady‐state performance. The reactor had previously been converted from mesophilic to thermophilic conditions following the protocol previously proposed by the authors: this was achieved by a modified method that combined systems investigated in Chicago and in Vancouver. The reactor was subsequently subjected to a program of steady‐state operation over a range of sludge retention times (SRTs) of 27, 20, and 15 days. The digester was fed with raw sludge [containing approximately 34.8 g/L volatile solids (VS)] three times per day. Under thermophilic conditions and with a 27‐day SRT, the reactor was operated with an OLR of 1.48 kg VS m−3 day−1. The solids removal efficiency of the reactor was 42.9%, whereas the volumetric methane production rate in the digester reached 0.35 m3 m−3 day−1. Over an operating period of 150 days, an OLR of 2.63 kg VS m−3 day−1 was achieved with 41.8% VS removal efficiency in the pilot sludge digester (SRT: 15 days). During this period the volumetric methane production rate in the digester reached 0.20 m3 m−3 day−1 and 0.20 m3/kg VSr (VS reduction). The greatest efficiency in terms of substrate removal was 54.3% for an OLR of 1.71 kg VS m−3 day−1 and SRT of 20 days. Under these conditions, the generation of biogas and methane was at levels of 0.86 and 0.58 m3 m−3 day−1, respectively, with a methane yield of 0.70 m3/kg VSr. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Design modifications to SMX static mixer for improving mixing
Authors: Liu Shiping , Hrymak Andrew N. , Wood Philip E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractLaminar mixing in SMX static mixers and the effect of geometry on mixing are studied using computational fluid dynamics. A frame‐indifferent parameter is used to classify the flow types in the SMX mixer. All three typical flows (simple shear, pure elongation, and squeezing) appear within the flow field of the SMX mixer. The strain rate distribution in the SMX mixer is observed to be very nonuniform. A mixing element with 10 crossbars shows the best mixing quality, followed closely by the standard SMX mixing element with eight crossbars. The improved designs of the mixing element increase the average and peak strain rate, and provide a more uniform strain rate distribution and faster mixing rate compared to those of the standard SMX mixer. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
CFD predictions for chemical processing in a confined impinging‐jets reactor
Authors: Liu Ying , Fox R. O. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractConfined impinging‐jets reactors (CIJR) offer many advantages for the chemical processing of rapid processes, such as precipitation and the production of organic nanoparticles. Nevertheless, due to the lack of predictive design criteria, the use of such a reactor for a new process currently requires a significant experimental campaign before it can be used commercially. Experimentally derived scale‐up rules for CIJRs have recently been reported. Using carefully controlled experiments with a fast parallel‐reaction system, the conversion of 2,2‐dimethoxypropane (DMP) for a wide range of jet Reynolds numbers have been measured. The experimental conversion data can be accurately predicted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the range of jet Reynolds number where the flow is turbulent. In addition, the CFD provides a wealth of detailed information on the reacting flow inside of the CIJR. Such information provides excellent guidance for improving the performance of the reactor by, for example, changes in the geometry. By clearly illustrating the ability of CFD to reproduce (without adjustable parameters) the experimental data for a CIJR, this study makes a significant step in the direction of “experiment‐free” design and scale‐up of chemical reactors. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Kinetic modeling of microwave‐assisted chemoenzymatic epoxidation of styrene
Authors: Yadav Ganapati D. , Borkar Indrakant V. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractNovozym 435 (Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on polyacrylic resin) is used to generate perlauric acid directly from lauric acid and hydrogen peroxide. This generated perlauric acid was then applied for both in situ and ex situ epoxidation of styrene to styrene oxide. The reactions were carried out by using conventional heating as well as microwave heating. Various kinetic parameters affecting the conversion and initial rates of styrene to styrene oxide were studied including mass transfer, mechanism, kinetic modeling, and deactivation. Under microwave irradiation, there was an increase in the frequency factor resulting from enhanced collision of molecules, which can in turn be attributed to the increasing entropy of the system. The values of activation energy for the conventional and microwave heating are almost the same. The enzyme is deactivated by hydrogen peroxide and perlauric acid and also at high temperature under conventional heating. In the presence of microwaves, the deactivation of Novozym 435 was substantially reduced. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Variable contact angle model for gas hydrate equilibrium in porous media
Authors: Peddireddy S. , Lee S.‐Y. , Lee J. W. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA new thermodynamic model is presented to determine gas hydrate equilibrium in sediments. Using variable contact angles between water and gas in pores, we obtain more accurate prediction of the equilibrium condition of gas hydrates in the sediment than previous studies that used a constant angle of zero. An empirical correlation between variable contact angles and gas solubility is determined in terms of experimental data and is used in the thermodynamic calculations. The new variable contact angle model can reduce the prediction error for equilibrium pressure by more than 50% compared to the Clark–Bishnoi model for temperatures > 274 K. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Intravenous gamma globulin is effective as an urgent treatment in Brucella‐induced severe thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Altuntas Fevzi , Yildiz Orhan , Sarı Ismail , Eser Bulent , Cetin Mustafa , Unal Ali 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSevere thrombocytopenia is a rare hematologic manifestation of brucellosis, which can occasionally be associated with bleeding into the skin and from mucosal sites. Prompt recognition of this brucellosis complication and aggressive therapy is vital because the mortality rate associated with bleeding into the central nervous system is high. We report a case of a patient infected with Brucella melitensis who was admitted with a severe case of thrombocytopenic purpura. The patient responded well to intravenous gamma globulin (IVIg) treatment with platelet recovery within 2–3 days. For cases of Brucella‐induced thrombocytopenic purpura, IVIg may be administered as an urgent therapy until the microbial therapy takes effect. Am. J. Hematol. 80:204–206, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thrombocytopenic conditions—autoimmunity and hypercoagulability: Commonalities and differences in ITP, TTP, HIT, and APS
Authors: Kravitz Martine Szyper , Shoenfeld Yehuda 
Published: October 2005

AbstractImmune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP), thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP), heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are clinical conditions associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These well‐defined clinical syndromes have in common several properties: (1) their pathogenesis is immune mediated, specifically by autoantibodies; (2) thrombocytopenia is a hallmark in these four conditions; (3) except for the case of ITP, platelet and endothelial cell activation occurs in TTP, HIT, and APS, resulting in a prothrombotic state and an increased risk of thrombosis. Although these four immune‐mediated syndromes are well‐defined diseases, several case reports and studies have documented the association of two diseases in the same patient, illustrating the concept of the kaleidoscope of autoimmunity. Am. J. Hematol. 80:232–242, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intense paraneoplastic neutrophilic leukemoid reaction related to a G‐CSF‐Secreting lung sarcoma
Authors: Jardin Fabrice , Vasse Marc , Debled Marc , Dominique Stéphane , Courville Philippe , Callonnec Françoise , Buchonnet Gérard , Thiberville Luc , Tilly Hervé 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA white blood cell count more than 50 × 109/l, not related to bone marrow involvement, is termed leukemoid reaction. We report on the first case of an undifferentiated sarcoma of the lung associated with an intense paraneoplastic neutrophilic leukemoid reaction related to the production of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF). A radiography and a computed tomography scan of the chest revealed a well‐limited voluminous and heterogeneous low‐density mass of the left lung. The patient died of multiorgan failure related to uncontrolled progressive tumor growth after admission and two cycles of chemotherapy. The patient's G‐CSF serum concentration was dramatically elevated (6,538 pg/ml) compared to serum levels observed in normal controls and patients with elevated leukocytosis (31 and 387 pg/ml, respectively). The G‐CSF concentration dramatically increased after the first cycle of chemotherapy and during the subsequent neutropenia, as a result of the tumor lyses as well as of disruption of the physiological negative feedback mechanism. Adjunction of the patient's serum to CD34+ cell cultures induced a 12.3‐fold increase in CD15+ cells, demonstrating the serum's capacity to induce myeloid differentiation. Am. J. Hematol. 80:243–245, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.