bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estrogen-Metabolizing Enzymes in Breast Cancers from Women over the Age of 80 Years
Authors: Honma Naoko , Takubo Kaiyo , Sawabe Motoji , Arai Tomio , Akiyama Futoshi , Sakamoto Goi , Utsumi Toshiaki , Yoshimura Noriko , Harada Nobuhiro 
Published: February 2006

Context: Aromatase, steroid sulfatase, and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD-1) peripherally up-regulate, whereas estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) and HSD-2 down-regulate, the synthesis of active and more potent estrogens. These estrogen-metabolizing enzymes (EMEs) are important in postmenopausal breast cancers, but have never been systematically examined in breast cancers of the elderly.
Objective and Design: mRNA levels of EMEs in cancerous and normal breast tissues from 39 elderly patients (age, 80–99 yr) were compared with those from 39 controls (age, 37–70 yr) or compared according to estrogen (ER)/progesterone (PR) receptor status.
Results: Aromatase levels were higher in cancers of the elderly (EldCa) than in normal tissue of the elderly (P = 0.0008) or cancers of controls (P = 0.0033). In contrast, levels of steroid sulfatase and EST were higher in cancers of controls than normal tissue of controls (P = 0.0046 and P &lt; 0.0001, respectively) or EldCa (P = 0.0001 and P &lt; 0.0001, respectively). Levels of HSD-1 and HSD-2 did not differ significantly between any two of the categories. Among EldCa, HSD-1 levels were higher in ER/PR-positive than in ER/PR-negative carcinomas, whereas EST and HSD-2 exhibited opposite results.
Conclusions: The importance of aromatase is relatively increased in EldCa. ER/PR-positive EldCa exhibited a pattern of EMEs more beneficial to the production of estrogen than did ER/PR-negative EldCa. The specific pattern exhibited in EldCa may elucidate the role of EMEs in the absence of ovarian estrogens in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
REVIEW: Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action of Statins in the Treatment of Diabetic Dyslipidemia
Authors: Ginsberg Henry N. 
Published: February 2006

Context: The Adult Treatment Panel III recommends 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, or statins, as first-line lipid-altering therapy for all adult patients with diabetes mellitus. This is based on the well-characterized efficacy and safety profiles of this class of agents as well as several clinical trials demonstrating that statin treatment reduces the risk of cardiovascular events.Evidence Acquisition: This review provides an overview of the effectiveness and mechanisms of action of statins in patients with diabetes mellitus using small efficacy trials and large clinical outcomes trials as well as studies of the effects of statins on apolipoprotein B (apoB) metabolism.Evidence Synthesis: The major findings presented are a review of mechanistic studies of selected subjects with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia and a compilation of results from large-scale clinical trials of patients with diabetes.Conclusions: Statins are highly efficacious as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering agents and have more modest effects on very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The effects of statins on plasma lipids and lipoproteins result from their ability to both increase the efficiency with which very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein are cleared from the circulation and reduce the production of apoB-containing lipoproteins by the liver. Additional investigations are needed to clarify the mechanisms by which statins reduce apoB secretion from the liver.
The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ): Latent structure, normative data and discrepancy analysis for proxy‐ratings
Authors: Crawford John R. , Henry Julie D. , Ward Aileen L. , Blake John 
Published: February 2006

Objectives.To evaluate the proxy‐rating version of the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and provide norms and methods for score interpretation.Design.Cross‐sectional and correlational.Methods.The PRMQ was administered to a large sample drawn from the general adult population (N=570). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test competing models of its latent structure. Various psychometric methods were applied to provide clinicians with tools for score interpretation.Results.The CFA model with optimal fit specified a general memory factor together with additional prospective and retrospective factors. The reliabilities of the PRMQ were acceptable (.83 to .92), and demographic variables did not influence ratings. Tables are presented for conversion of raw scores on the Total scale and Prospective and Retrospective scales toTscores. In addition, tables are provided to allow users to assess the reliability and abnormality of differences between proxy ratings on the Prospective and Retrospective scales. Finally, tables are also provided to compare proxy‐ratings with self‐ratings (using data from the present sample and self‐rating data from a previous study).Conclusions.The proxy‐rating version of the PRMQ provides a useful measure of everyday memory for use in clinical research and practice.
Paranoia and emotion perception across the continuum
Authors: Combs Dennis R. , Michael Christopher O. , Penn David L. 
Published: February 2006

Objectives. Persons with high levels of paranoid ideation may be more sensitive to emotional stimuli, particularly negative emotions, reflecting the operation of a paranoid schema. However, this finding has not been consistently supported and needs further study. This study examined the effect of paranoia, as measured on a continuum, on emotion perception. It was predicted that higher levels of paranoia would be associated with improved emotion perception scores with better recognition for negative emotions than positive.Design. A four‐group ANOVA design was used to compare participants with clinical and sub‐clinical paranoia to reflect the continuum view of paranoia.Methods. A group with persecutory delusions (N=30) was compared with three sub‐clinical groups (N=88) on two posed emotion perception tasks. The sub‐clinical participants were divided into high, moderate, and low groups based on scores from the Paranoia Scale, a widely used measure of sub‐clinical paranoia.Results. Persons with persecutory delusions had lower overall emotion perception scores than all of the sub‐clinical groups. For negative emotions, persons with persecutory delusions had lower identification scores than the moderate and low sub‐clinical groups, but were no different than the high sub‐clinical group. Anger was especially problematic for clinical participants. There were no differences for positive emotions.Conclusions. Instead of an enhanced sensitivity for the recognition of emotional states, higher levels of paranoia were linked to a performance deficit on emotion perception tasks. The deficits in emotion perception may reflect the increased skepticism and scrutiny associated with posed emotion tasks (Davis & Gibson, 2000). Research should begin to focus on the underlying mechanisms of emotion perception deficits in paranoia.
Does personalized feedback improve the outcome of cognitive‐behavioural guided self‐care in bulimia nervosa? A preliminary randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schmidt Ulrike , Landau Sabine , Pombo‐Carril Maria Guadelupe , Bara‐Carril Nuria , Reid Yael , Murray Kathryn , Treasure Janet , Katzman Melanie 
Published: February 2006

Objectives: Feedback has long been a part of psychosocial and health behaviour interventions and with the advent of computerised assessment and treatment tools, is gaining greater importance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the addition of personalized feedback to a guided cognitive‐behavioural (CBT) self‐help programme for patients with bulimia nervosa.Design: Randomised‐controlled trial.Method: 61 patients with DSM‐IV bulimia nervosa or eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) were randomly allocated to receive 14 sessions of cognitive behavioural guided self‐care with or without added personalised feedback on current physical and psychological status, risk and problems, and variables facilitating or hindering change. Feedback to patients was delivered in a number of ways: (a) personalised letters after assessment and at the end of treatment, (b) a specially designed feedback form administered half‐way through treatment, (c) computerised feedback about bulimic and other symptoms, such as anxiety, depression and interpersonal functioning repeated at intervals throughout treatment and follow‐up.Results: Outcome was assessed using patient‐rated measures of bulimic symptoms at the end of treatment and at 6‐month follow‐up. The data were analysed using maximum likelihood methods of assess group differences at the follow‐up. Added feedback did not have an effect on take‐up or drop‐out from treatment. However, it improved outcome by reducing self‐induced vomiting and dietary restriction more effectively.Conclusions: The findings lend support to the notion that the addition of repeated personalised feedback improves outcome from guided CBT self‐help treatment and deserves further study.
Intrusive experiences and hyperarousal in acute stress disorder
Authors: Hopwood Sally , Bryant Richard A. 
Published: February 2006

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between hyperarousal, intrusions, and dissociative experiences in acute stress disorder (ASD).Method: Trauma survivors with ASD (n=30) and without ASD (n=30) completed either a hyperventilation provocation test (HVPT) or a non‐hyperventilating control procedure whilst monitoring intrusive experiences. Participants then completed the Physical Reactions Scale and the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire.Results: Whereas the hyperventilation procedure resulted in an increase in the number of intrusions for ASD participants, the hyperventilation procedure resulted in a decrease in the number of intrusions for non‐ASD participants. Contrary to expectations, there was no differences in dissociative reactions across group or condition.Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that intrusive phenomenon are directly associated with elevated states of arousal for individuals with ASD.
Resources and Rebels: A Study of Identity Management in Indian Call Centers
Authors: Krishnamurthy Mathangi 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis article is an ethnographic study of Indian call center employees, seeking to determine the effects that these jobs have on their identities as Indians as well as consumers and citizens of the global economy. It engages with the large, skilled, cost‐effective, English‐speaking workforce in this industry in India to explore and nuance dichotomous media discourses of emancipation and regression and to place identity formation within these constructions. The article investigates call centers as specific urban imaginaries, which while indicative of strategies of globalization are also local specificities creating and fostering subjectivities encompassing a particular moment in the trajectory of economic liberalization in India. The discussion is anchored by the insistence on an urban reality that inscribes global capital in tension, collusion and coalition with the microcosmic practices of the local.
Collagenases in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Safkan‐Seppälä Bedia , Sorsa Timo , Tervahartiala Taina , Beklen Arzu , Konttinen Yrjö T. 
Published: February 2006

Background: Studies have demonstrated that high levels of collagenase activity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) are associated with degradation of periodontal tissues in progressive periodontitis compared to periodontally healthy tissues. Because the activation of collagenases is an important issue in periodontitis, we have studied the activation of collagenase in gingival crevicular fluid samples of diabetic patients.Methods: Collagenase activity was studied in human gingival crevicular fluids. Twenty‐two poorly controlled diabetic patients (e.g., blood glucose: 11.0 ± 0.7 mmol/l; hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]: 9.6% ± 0.3%) and five well‐controlled diabetic patients were compared to six chronic periodontitis subjects and five healthy controls. Collagenase activity against type I collagen was measured using sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis quantitated by laser densitometry.Results: The poorly controlled diabetic patients had more alveolar bone loss than the well‐controlled diabetic subjects and controls (P <0.001; t test). The activity of collagenases in GCF in poorly controlled diabetic patients was similar to that seen in chronic periodontitis subjects (P >0.05) but higher than in healthy controls (P <0.01; t test), whereas there was no difference between the well‐controlled diabetic subjects and systemically healthy controls (P >0.05; t test).Conclusion: Poorly controlled diabetes is strongly related to periodontal tissue destruction, and collagenases in GCF may mediate and reflect this effect.
Compliance as a Prognostic Indicator: Retrospective Study of 505 Patients Treated and Maintained for 15 Years
Authors: Miyamoto Takanari , Kumagai Takashi , Jones Judith A. , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Nunn Martha E. 
Published: February 2006

Background: The relationship of patient compliance to overall tooth prognosis remains controversial. There are little data, often conflicting, that pertain to tooth loss as a function of patient compliance.Methods: This retrospective study evaluates the impact of compliance (complete versus erratic) on common periodontal clinical variables, such as probing depth, bleeding index, plaque index, and tooth loss for 505 patients in a long‐term period of observation (15 to 23 years) and maintenance therapy (at least 10 years). Compliance was defined in two ways for all analyses. Under the definition for compliance 1, patients who missed <30% of all prescribed maintenance visits were classified as complete compliers. Under the definition for compliance 2, patients who never went 2 years without a maintenance visit were classified as complete compliers. Change in clinical variables was dichotomized into reduction in plaque index versus no reduction, reduction in bleeding on probing versus no reduction, reduction in the percentage of periodontal pockets >3 mm versus no reduction, no increase in decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT) versus increase, and no tooth loss versus tooth loss. The effects of both definitions of compliance were then evaluated in a series of multiple logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounders.Results: The analysis of the dichotomous change in clinical parameters over time revealed that complete compliers tended to show reduction in bleeding on probing and reduction in plaque index compared to erratic compliers for both definitions of compliance. In contrast, complete compliers under compliance 2 were less likely to have a reduction in the percentage of periodontal pockets >3 mm compared to erratic compliers, whereas complete compliers under compliance 1 had about the same likelihood of demonstrating a reduction in periodontal pockets compared to erratic compliers under this classification scheme. Under both definitions for compliance, complete compliers were more likely to exhibit tooth loss than erratic compliers, with the greatest tooth loss exhibited by complete compliers under the definition for compliance 1.Conclusions: Based on these results, complete compliers under both definitions tended to show a reduction in plaque and bleeding on probing over time. However, change in periodontal pockets and DMFT over time varied according to the definition of compliance that was used. In addition, the results seem to indicate that the decision for tooth extraction made by dental health professionals at maintenance visits may result in greater tooth loss.
Peri‐Implant Bone Organization Under Immediate Loading State. Circularly Polarized Light Analyses: A Minipig Study
Authors: Neugebauer Jörg , Traini Tonino , Thams Ulf , Piattelli Adriano , Zöller Joachim E. 
Published: February 2006

Background: Immediate loading of dental implants is currently one of the most examined topics in implant dentistry. Using screw implants with a microstructured surface and bone‐quality–adapted insertion procedures, osseointegration is achieved when implants are initially stable and when splinted with the superstructure. Despite reported success, there is a shortage of information relating to remodeling and peri‐implant bone formation with immediately loaded implants.Methods: Four to six immediately loaded and unloaded dental implants with a microstructured surface were placed in the mandible and the maxilla in seven minipigs. A total of 85 implants were placed. After a 4‐month healing period, all implants were retrieved. Histomorphometry was performed using a light microscope in transmitted polarized light connected to a high‐resolution video camera interfaced to a monitor and personal computer. This optical system was associated with a digitizing pad and a histomorphometry software package with image capturing capabilities.Results: Implants showed osseointegration if the average insertion torque of the implants within one bridge was >35 Ncm. If the primary stability of the bridge was <35 Ncm, all implants in the quadrant were lost after 4 months. The multivariate discriminant analysis showed the highest correlation for implant stability by bridge insertion torque (BIT), localization (mandible or maxilla), and implant insertion torque (IIT) as success parameters. The loaded implants displayed collagen fibers, which were oriented in a more transverse way. In addition, a higher quantity of secondary osteons was present. In comparison, the unloaded implants had collagen fibers with a more parallel orientation, and a higher quantity of marrow spaces was present.Conclusions: When observed after 4 months, immediately loaded implants showed a higher degree of bone formation and remodeling in comparison to unloaded implants. Immediately loaded implants also demonstrated a prevalence of transversely oriented collagen fibers in the peri‐implant bone. In this animal model, an average insertion torque of the implants within one bridge >35 Ncm was associated with the most successful implants.
Longitudinal Clinical Evaluation of Adjunct Minocycline in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Cortelli José Roberto , Querido Silvia Maria Rodrigues , Aquino Davi Romeiro , Ricardo Lucilene Hernandes , Pallos Debora 
Published: February 2006

Background: The clinical benefits of minocycline in combination with thorough scaling and root planing (SRP) have been examined in multicenter studies. The aim of this longitudinal investigation was to evaluate the clinical response to scaling and root planing combined with the use of locally delivered minocycline microspheres for 720 days in individuals with advanced chronic periodontitis.Methods: A total of 26 individuals aged 26 to 69 years (mean: 46.8 ± 12.1 years) were included in this double‐blind randomized clinical trial. After randomization, 13 individuals were selected for the test group (TG) and treated with SRP plus subgingival minocycline at baseline and 90, 180, and 270 days, and 13 individuals were selected for the control group (CG) and received SRP plus vehicle at the same timepoints. Two homologous sites with probing depth (PD) ≥6 mm were chosen in each subject. To evaluate the clinical response after treatment, PD, plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI) were assessed at baseline and 90, 180, 270, 360, and 720 days.Results: No statistical differences were found between test and control groups in relation to PD at the different timepoints. The mean values of PD demonstrated a higher reduction in the test group at 270 and 360 days. No statistical differences were observed at 90, 180, and 720 days between TG and CG (P <0.05; Wilcoxon test). There were no statistically significant differences between TG and CG concerning PI and GI (P <0.05; analysis of variance and t test) at all evaluated timepoints.Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that both therapies reduced mean PD from 90 to 360 days; however, SRP combined with the use of subgingival minocycline showed a higher reduction at 270 and 360 days following therapy.
Er:YAG Laser Scaling of Diseased Root Surfaces: A Histologic Study
Authors: Crespi Roberto , Barone Antonio , Covani Ugo 
Published: February 2006

Background: The aim of the present study was to observe the effects of an erbium‐doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser when used to treat periodontally involved root surfaces.Methods: Forty teeth affected by severe periodontal disease and scheduled for extraction were divided into two groups: in group A (control), 20 teeth were treated by hand instrumentation, and in group B (test), 20 teeth were treated by Er:YAG laser.Results: In group A (teeth treated by curets), the root cementum layer was completely removed, but many deep scratches on the dentin layer were also observed. In group B, the laser‐treated root surfaces, there was no cracking or carbonization, and the bacterial flora was completely eliminated, leaving a rough and uniform surface.Conclusion: Results of the present study showed that clinical use of an Er:YAG laser in vivo achieves plaque and calculus removal, providing a rough surface morphology.
Periodontal and Hematological Characteristics Associated With Aggressive Periodontitis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Havemose‐Poulsen Anne , Westergaard Jytte , Stoltze Kaj , Skjødt Henrik , Danneskiold‐Samsøe Bente , Locht Henning , Bendtzen Klaus , Holmstrup Palle 
Published: February 2006

Background: Periodontitis shares several clinical and pathogenic characteristics with chronic arthritis, and there is some degree of coexistence. The aims of this study were to elucidate whether patients with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP), generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) share periodontal and hematological characteristics distinguishing them from individuals free of diseases.Methods: The study population consisted of white adults (≤35 years old) with LAgP (N = 18), GAgP (N = 27), JIA (N = 10), RA (N = 23), and healthy controls (N = 25). All individuals underwent a standardized interview, blood sampling, and an intraoral examination, including registration of plaque, bleeding on probing, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and alveolar bone loss (ABL) on radiographs. Blood samples were analyzed for erythrocyte fraction, leukocytes and differential counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgA rheumatoid factors (RFs), and antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides.Results: RA patients had a higher percentage of sites with PD ≥4 mm, CAL ≥2 mm, and ABL ≥2 mm compared to controls. The percentage of sites with CAL ≥2 mm significantly correlated with the levels of IgM‐RF and IgA‐RF. Missing teeth in JIA and RA patients were not lost due to periodontitis. Patients with GAgP showed higher levels of leukocytes, including neutrophils, and CRP compared to controls. In part, JIA and RA patients showed similar results.Conclusions: Young adults with RA may develop periodontal destruction, and these patients require professional attention. Both differences and similarities in periodontal and hematological variables were seen in individuals with periodontitis, JIA, and RA.