bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relating microwave backscatter azimuth modulation to surface properties of the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Ashcraft Ivan S. , Long David G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAzimuth dependence of a normalized radar cross-section (σº) over the Greenland ice sheet is modeled with a simple surface scattering model. The model assumes that azimuth anisotropy in surface roughness at scales of 3–300 m is the primary mechanism driving the modulation. To evaluate the contribution of azimuth anisotropy in surface roughness to the radar backscatter, the model is compared to models based on isotropic surface roughness. The models are inverted to estimate snow surface properties using σº measurements from the C-band European Remote-sensing Satellite advanced microwave instrument in scatterometer mode. Results indicate that the largest mesoscale rms surface slopes are found in the lower portions of the dry snow zone. Estimates of the preferential direction in surface roughness are highly correlated with katabatic wind fields over Greenland, which is consistent with wind-formed sastrugi as the dominant mechanism causing azimuth modulation of σº. The maximum improvement of the azimuth modulation surface model compared to its isotropic counterparts occurs in the lower regions of the dry snow zone where the azimuth variability of σº is the largest. In regions with azimuth modulation over 1 dB, the mean root-mean-square error estimate of the azimuth-dependent surface scattering model is 0.46 dB compared with 0.70 dB for similar models using isotropic roughness.
Brittle compressive failure of ice: proportional straining vs proportional loading
Authors: Schulson E.M. , Iliescu D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractProportional straining experiments have been performed on columnar-grained S2 freshwater ice biaxially compressed across the columns at –10°C at a strain rate of (4.5 ± 1.5) × 10–3 s–1. The results are compared with those obtained earlier (Iliescu and Schulson, 2004) from the same kind of material deformed to terminal failure under the same conditions, but through proportional loading. The exercise shows that the biaxial strength is practically independent of the path taken, at least under low confinement where Coulombic shear faulting limits terminal failure. First-year sea ice is expected to exhibit the same behavior.
Retreat of glaciers on Puncak Jaya, Irian Jaya, determined from 2000 and 2002 IKONOS satellite images
Authors: Klein Andrew G. , Kincaid Joni L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPuncak Jaya, Irian Jaya, Indonesia, contains the only remaining tropical glaciers in East Asia. The extent of the ice masses on Puncak Jaya has been mapped from high-resolution IKONOS satellite images acquired on 8 June 2000 and 11 June 2002. Exclusive of Southwall Hanging Glacier, the ice extent on Puncak Jaya was 2.326 km2 and 2.152 km2 in 2000 and 2002, respectively. From 2000 to 2002, the Puncak Jaya glaciers lost a surface area of 0.174 km2 or 7.48% of their 2000 ice extent. Comparison of the IKONOS-based glacier extents with previous glacier extents demonstrates a continuing reduction of ice area on Puncak Jaya. By 2000, ice extent on Puncak Jaya had reduced by 88% of its maximum neoglacial extent. Between 1992 and 2000 Meren Glacier disappeared entirely. All remaining ice masses on Puncak Jaya continue their retreat from their neoglacial maxima. Comparison of 2000/2002 ice extents with previous extents suggests that these glaciers have not experienced accelerating rates of retreat during the last half of the 20th century. If the recession rates observed from 2000 to 2002 continue, the remaining ice masses on Puncak Jaya will melt within 50 years.
The integration of JERS-1 and ERS SAR in differential interferometry for measurement of complex glacier motion
Authors: Cheng Xiao , Xu Guanhua 
Published: November 2007

AbstractComplex glacier motion in the Grove Mountains region, Antarctica, is measured using four-pass differential synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR). The components of the motion vector field are resolved using a 44 day-separation Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1 (JERS-1) InSAR pair and a European Remote-sensing Satellite-1/-2 (ERS-1/-2) tandem InSAR pair. The 44 day temporal baseline provides the sensitivity required to observe the range of ice motion (around 8–10ma–1), and the 1 day short baseline provides the best choice for glacier digital elevation model reconstruction. It is remarkable that the scattering field of the JERS-1 pair remained coherent over the long time interval and the interferometric fringes are clear. The overall ice flow is from east to west, downslope and towards Lambert Glacier. The regional flow is obstructed by nunataks extending north–south, with two wide gaps. Two narrow glaciers flow past the nunataks and rejoin each other at the downstream end. Regional morphology, and the resolved flow in the Grove Mountains area, suggests that ice flow is channeled throughout this eastern flank of Lambert Glacier.
Study on the mechanism of Cutaneous and Respiratory Comorbidities with Chinese and Western medicine theories and research
Authors: Liu Yi , Xie Wanmu , Yan Yue , Liu Baoyi , Li Ang , Yang Yue , Zhou Xinzhu , Zuo Xianbo , Zhai Zhenguo , Cui Yong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the realms of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine research, the skin and lungs are recognized for their integral roles in both the physiological functions and pathological mechanisms affecting the human body. These organs are not only complementary and coordinated in their physiological functions but also interact pathologically, providing feedback and influencing each other. The etiology of immune‐mediated skin diseases is multifaceted, involving numerous factors beyond mere skin characteristics, often including multisystem diseases. Cutaneous and Respiratory Comorbidities denote the concurrent presence of skin and lung diseases, sharing a common pathogenic mechanism. Although research on Cutaneous and Respiratory Comorbidities has received increasing attention, the foundational theories and the specifics of related diseases remain unclear. This paper aims to elucidate the theoretical basis of both traditional Chinese and Western medicine concerning immune‐mediated Cutaneous and Respiratory Comorbidities, thereby laying a groundwork for the early detection and integrated treatment of these diseases.
Negative Regulation of LINC01013 by METTL3 and YTHDF2 Enhances the Osteogenic Differentiation of Senescent Pre‐Osteoblast Cells Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Song Jiaxin , Wang Yuejun , Zhu Zhao , Wang Wanqing , Yang Haoqing , Shan Zhaochen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSenescent pre‐osteoblasts have a reduced ability to differentiate, which leads to a reduction in bone formation. It is critical to identify the keys that regulate the differentiation fate of senescent pre‐osteoblasts. LINC01013 has an essential role in cell stemness, differentiation, and senescence regulation. This study aims to examine the role and mechanism of LINC01013 in regulating osteogenic differentiation in senescent human embryonic osteoblast cell line (hFOB1.19) cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The results show that LINC01013 decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization of hFOB1.19 cells in vitro, and the expression of collagen II, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein. LINC01013 knockdown enhances the osteogenesis of hFOB1.19 cells and rescues osteogenic differentiation impaired by H2O2. METTL3 negatively regulates LINC01013 expression, enhancing hFOB1.19 cells' osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. METTL3 overexpression can enhance hFOB1.19 cells' osteogenic differentiation impaired by H2O2. YTHDF2 promotes LINC01013 decay, facilitating osteogenic differentiation. YTHDF2 overexpression rescues hFOB1.19 cells osteogenic differentiation impaired by H2O2. Taken together, METTL3 upregulates osteogenic differentiation by inhibiting LINC01013, and YTHDF2 accelerates LINC01013 degradation, reducing its inhibitory effect. This study highlights LINC01013 as a key regulator in the fate switching process of senescent hFOB1.19 cells, impacting osteogenic differentiation.
Dynamical Performance of Graphene Aerogel with Ductile and Brittle Characteristics
Authors: Xiao Kailu , Zhang Wei , Zhu Mingquan , Yin Qiuyun , Fortunelli Alessandro , Goddard William A. , Wu Xianqian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCurrent research regarding the efficiency of ultra‐light graphene aerogel (GA) energy dissipation is limited to quasi‐static tests and simulations. The lack of direct dynamical experiments has impeded its utilization in fields of energy dissipation. Therefore, in this study, the high dynamic energy dissipation capability of GA with ultra‐low density is obtained directly from the experiment. It is found that the porous and anisotropic properties of GA render the projectile deflected hierarchically and further induce gradually cascaded failure with asymmetry expansion in the GA. This feature, taking advantage of ductile materials, facilitates energy dissipation capability. Failure morphologies of rippled graphene flakes involve brittle features such as micron‐size cracks and local broken flakes. In addition, these coarse‐grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulation results imply kinetic energy changes due to movement, and fluctuations of graphene flakes are effective ways to dissipate energy. Moreover, the stiffness increase of graphene flakes plays a weakened role in energy dissipation because reduced contact area impedes the effectiveness of stress wave and thermal transfer while also increasing the brittle characteristics of GA. Combining the failure characteristics of brittle materials with the benefits of ductile network materials, GA shows great promise in impact protection applications.
Diselenide‐Containing Polymer Based on New Antitumor Mechanism as Efficient GSH Depletion Agent for Ferroptosis Therapy
Authors: Zhou Chen , Zhao Yuhao , Yang Mao , Yin Wang , Li Yongsheng , Xiao Yan , Liu Yingbin , Lang Meidong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlutathione (GSH) depletion‐induced ferroptosis has emerged as a promising treatment for malignant cancer. It works by inactivating glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and facilitating lipid peroxidation. However, effectively delivering inducers and depleting intracellular GSH remains challenging due to the short half‐lives and high hydrophobicity of small‐molecule ferroptosis inducers. These inducers often require additional carriers. Herein, diselenide‐containing polymers can consume GSH to induce ferroptosis for pancreatic cancer therapy. The diselenide bonds are controllably built into the backbone of the polycarbonate with a targeting peptide CRGD (Cys‐Arg‐Gly‐Asp), which allows for self‐assembly into stable nanoparticles (denoted CRNSe) for self‐delivery. Significantly, at a concentration of 12 µg mL−1, CRNSe binds to the active site cysteine of GSH resulting in a thorough depletion of GSH. In contrast, the disulfide‐containing analog only causes a slight decrease in GSH level. Moreover, the depletion of GSH inactivates GPX4, ultimately inducing ferroptosis due to the accumulation of lipid peroxide in BxPC‐3 cells. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that CRNSe exhibits potent tumor suppressive ability with few side effects on normal tissue. This study validates the anti‐tumor mechanism of diselenide‐containing polymers in addition to apoptosis and also provides a new strategy for inherently inducing ferroptosis in cancer therapy.
Engineered Luminescent Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Activation of Photodynamic‐Immune Combination Therapy for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ye Lu‐Yi , Li Yi‐Shu , Ge Tong , Liu Long‐Cai , Si Jing‐Xing , Yang Xue , Fan Wei‐Jiao , Liu Xiao‐Zhen , Zhang You‐Ni , Wang Jun‐Wei , Wang Shi‐Bing , Zou Hai , Zheng Yue‐Liang , Jin Ke‐Tao , Mao Zheng‐Wei , Cai Yu , Mou Xiao‐Zhou 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOncolytic virus therapy is currently regarded as a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. It has greater therapeutic advantages for colorectal cancer that is prone to distant metastasis. However, the therapeutic efficacy and clinical application of viral agents alone for colorectal cancer remain suboptimal. In this study, an engineered oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV‐Luc) that expresses the firefly luciferase gene is developed and loaded Chlorin e6 (Ce6) onto the virus surface through covalent coupling, resulting in OVV‐Luc@Ce6 (OV@C). The OV@C infiltrates tumor tissue and induces endogenous luminescence through substrate catalysis, resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species. This unique system eliminates the need for an external light source, making it suitable for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in deep tissues. Moreover, this synergistic effect between PDT and viral immunotherapy enhances dendritic cell maturation, macrophage polarization, and reversal of the immunosuppressive microenvironment. This synergistic effect has the potential to convert a “cold” into a “hot” tumor, it offers valuable insights for clinical translation and application.
A Horn Peptide‐Thermoresponsive Hydrogel for Angiogenesis and Bone Regeneration
Authors: Xue Nannan , Liu Pei , Zhao Wenjian , Zhou Ziyi , Zhang Lixiang , Huang Rizhong , Liu Rui , Fathi Ali , Duan Jin‐Ao , Chen Jun , Wang Yiwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe management of critical‐sized bone defects presents a formidable clinical challenge, especially given the increasing incidence of bone diseases in the aging population. Consequently, there is an increased demand for minimally invasive bone repair materials that can effectively address this challenge, particularly in outpatient settings. In this study, the goal is to develop an injectable and biodegradable biomaterial that adheres to and fills bone‐defect sites to support bone regeneration. The osteogenic and angiogenic activities of animal horn peptides are investigated by incorporating them into biologically active moieties, in combination with a novel thermosensitive hydrogel. The resulting thermosensitive hydrogel exhibited essential biological functionalities, allowing precise modulation of its physical and chemical properties. Notably, the hydrogel incorporating the horn peptide rapidly filled the bone defect site, promoting both angiogenesis and bone induction. Consequently, this approach significantly accelerates new bone regeneration. In summary, the findings of this study present a promising, minimally invasive solution for addressing critical‐sized bone defects.
2D Conjugated Polymer Thin Films for Organic Electronics: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Fu Guang‐en , Yang Haoyong , Zhao Wenkai , Samorì Paolo , Zhang Tao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract2D conjugated polymers (2DCPs) possess extended in‐plane π‐conjugated lattice and out‐of‐plane π–π stacking, which results in enhanced electronic performance and potentially unique band structures. These properties, along with predesignability, well‐defined channels, easy postmodification, and order structure attract extensive attention from material science to organic electronics. In this review, the recent advance in the interfacial synthesis and conductivity tuning strategies of 2DCP thin films, as well as their application in organic electronics is summarized. Furthermore, it is shown that, by combining topology structure design and targeted conductivity adjustment, researchers have fabricated 2DCP thin films with predesigned active groups, highly ordered structures, and enhanced conductivity. These films exhibit great potential for various thin‐film organic electronics, such as organic transistors, memristors, electrochromism, chemiresistors, and photodetectors. Finally, the future research directions and perspectives of 2DCPs are discussed in terms of the interfacial synthetic design and structure engineering for the fabrication of fully conjugated 2DCP thin films, as well as the functional manipulation of conductivity to advance their applications in future organic electronics.
Anomalous Detachment Behavior and Directional Reconstruction Regulation of Leaching‐Type Precatalysts for Industrial Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Liu Xiong , Guo Ruiting , Guo Minghao , Ni Kun , Huang Meng , Meng Jiashen , Xie Xiaohong , Zhao Dongyuan , Mai Liqiang , Niu Chaojiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCurrent reconstruction chemistry studies are mainly operated at the laboratory scale, where the operating parameters are different from those used in industrial water electrolyzers. This gap leads to unclear reconstruction behaviors under industrial conditions and constrains the application of catalysts. Here, this work presents a new reconstruction mechanism and anomalous detachment phenomena observed in leaching‐type oxygen‐evolving precatalysts under industrial conditions, different from the reported results obtained under laboratory conditions. The identified detachment issues are closely linked to the production of a potassium salt separate phase, which proves sensitive to the local environment, and its instability easily leads to catalyst stripping from the substrate. By establishing detachment critical point and operating parameter‐detachment correlation, a targeted reconstruction strategy is proposed to achieve smooth ligand leaching and effectively solve the detachment issue. Theoretical analyses validate the dual‐site regulation in directionally reconstructed catalysts with optimized intermediate adsorption. Under industrial conditions, the coupled electrolyzer delivers an industrial‐level current density at low cell voltage with prolonged durability, 1 A cm−2 at 2 V for over 340 h. This work bridges the gap of leaching‐type precatalysts between laboratory test conditions and industrial operating conditions.
Interfacial Design of Ti3C2Tx MXene/Graphene Heterostructures Boosted Ru Nanoclusters with High Activity Toward Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yu Xu , Li Yong , Pei Chengang , Lu Yanhui , Kim Jung Kyu , Park Ho Seok , Pang Huan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe development of a cost‐competitive and efficient electrocatalyst is both attractive and challenging for hydrogen production by hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a facile glycol reduction method to construct Ru nanoclusters coupled with hierarchical exfoliated‐MXene/reduced graphene oxide architectures (Ru‐E‐MXene/rGA) is reported. The hierarchical structure, formed by the self‐assembly of graphene oxides, can effectively prohibit the self‐stacking of MXene nanosheets. Meanwhile, the formation of the MXene/rGA interface can strongly trap the Ru3+ ions, resulting in the uniform distribution of Ru nanoclusters within Ru‐E‐MXene/rGA. The boosted catalytic activity and underlying catalytic mechanism during the HER process are proved by density functional theory. Ru‐E‐MXene/rGA exhibits overpotentials of 42 and 62 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline and acidic electrolytes, respectively. The small Tafel slope and charge transfer resistance (Rct) values elucidate its fast dynamic behavior. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves and chronoamperometry test confirm the high stability of Ru‐E‐MXene/rGA. These results demonstrate that coupling Ru nanoclusters with the MXene/rGA heterostructure represents an efficient strategy for constructing MXene‐based catalysts with enhanced HER activity.
Perovskite Single Crystals by Vacuum Evaporation Crystallization
Authors: Liu Dong , Jiang Xianyuan , Wang Hao , Chen Hao , Lu Ying‐Bo , Dong Siyu , Ning Zhijun , Wang Yong , Wu Zhongchen , Ling Zongcheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPerovskite single crystals have attracted tremendous attention owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties and stability compared to typical multicrystal structures. However, the growth of high‐quality perovskite single crystals (PSCs) generally relies on temperature gradients or the introduction of additives to promote crystal growth. In this study, a vacuum evaporation crystallization technique is developed that allows PSCs to be grown under extremely stable conditions at constant temperature and without requiring additives to promote crystal growth. The new method enables the growth of PSCs of unprecedented quality, that is, MAPbBr3 single crystals that exhibit an ultranarrow full width at half maximum of 0.00701°, which surpasses that of all previously reported values. In addition, the MAPbBr3 single crystals deliver exceptional optoelectronic performance, including a long carrier lifetime of 1006 ns, an ultralow trap‐state density of 3.67 × 109 cm−3, and an ultrahigh carrier mobility of 185.86 cm2 V−1 s−1. This method is applicable to various types of PSCs, including organic–inorganic hybrids, fully inorganic structures, and low‐dimensional structures.
Enhancing Electroluminescence of Medium‐Gap Organic Photovoltaic Cells Through the Incorporation of Pyrrole Rings in Acceptors
Authors: Wang Wenxuan , Wang Jingwen , Cui Yong , Li Zi , Wang Jianqiu , Wang Chaoyi , Chen Zhihao , Qiao Jiawei , Hao Xiaotao , Hou Jianhui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHigh electroluminescence of acceptors can effectively decrease nonradiative energy losses and improve the performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Pyrrole ring is a promising building block to enhance the electroluminescence of acceptors, while pyrrole‐based acceptors with medium bandgap are rarely reported. Here, two medium‐gap acceptors named FICC‐EH and FICC‐BO are synthesized. Both acceptors exhibit strong electroluminescence properties, giving satisfying quantum efficiency (QE) of 0.1% in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Moreover, PBQx‐TF:FICC‐BO presents a longer film formation process due to the longer alkyl chains. This contributes to more distinct fibril‐network morphology and ordered molecular stacking, thus increasing carrier mobility and suppressing charge recombination. Consequently, benefiting from decreased energy losses, PBQx‐TF:FICC‐BO‐based OPV cells reach a PCE of 12.0% with a VOC of 1.04 V under AM 1.5G and achieve a PCE of 25.4% under 1000 lux LED. This work demonstrates the potential of pyrrole for constructing medium‐gap acceptors with strong electroluminescence for photovoltaic applications.
Thermochemical Oxygen Pumping with Perovskite Reticulated Porous Ceramics for Enhanced Reduction of Ceria in Thermochemical Fuel Production
Authors: Pein Mathias , Keller Jens , Agrafiotis Christos , Eltayeb Asmaa , Klaas Lena , Neumann Nicole , Roeb Martin , Sattler Christian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWithin this work, reticulated monolithic foams and granules made from CaMnO3 − δ and strontium substituted variations are demonstrated to significantly improve the performance of a water splitting redox oxide when employed as a thermochemical oxygen pumping material. Two different process procedures are tested and foams made from Ca0.9Sr0.1MnO3 − δ with a strontium content of 10% outperform all other specimens in both process configurations. Additionally, the performance of Ca1 − xSrxMnO3 − δ with varying strontium content as a thermochemical oxygen pumping material is studied by means of a newly developed theoretical process model. While the model does not precisely predict the excellent experimental performance of strontium‐substitute compositions, it provides valuable insights into the impact of geometry and structure on the specimen's performance in thermochemical oxygen‐pumping processes. This work demonstrates the practical application of monolithic 3D structures made entirely from perovskite material in thermochemical oxygen pumping processes and provides a process model that can serve as basis for material screening and process optimization in future work.