bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prazosin and cyproheptadine in combination in the treatment of alcohol use disorder: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Aubin Henri‐Jean , Berlin Ivan , Guiraud Julien , Bruhwyler Jacques , Batel Philippe , Perney Pascal , Trojak Benoît , Bendimerad Patrick , Guillou Morgane , Bisch Michaël , Grall‐Bronnec Marie , Labarrière Damien , Delsart Dominique , Questel Frank , Moirand Romain , Bernard Philippe , Trovero Fabrice , Pham Hang Phuong , Tassin Jean‐Pol , Puech Alain 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsPre‐clinical studies suggest that the simultaneous blockade of the α1b and 5HT2A receptors may be effective in reducing alcohol consumption. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of prazosin (α1b blocker) and cyproheptadine (5HT2A blocker) combination in decreasing total alcohol consumption (TAC) in alcohol use disorder (AUD).Design, setting and participantsThis was a double‐blind, parallel group, placebo‐controlled, Phase 2, randomized clinical trial conducted in 32 addiction treatment centres in France. A total of 108 men and 46 women with severe AUD took part.InterventionParticipants were randomly assigned to one of the following 3‐month treatments: (1) low‐dose group (LDG) receiving 8 mg cyproheptadine and 5 mg prazosin extended‐release (ER) formulation daily; (2) high‐dose group (HDG) receiving 12 mg cyproheptadine and 10 mg prazosin ER daily; and (3) placebo group (PG) receiving placebo of cyproheptadine and prazosin ER. A total of 154 patients were randomized: 54 in the PG, 54 in the LDG and 46 in the HDG.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was TAC change from baseline to month 3.FindingsA significant main treatment effect in the change in TAC was found in the intent‐to‐treat population (P = 0.039). The HDG and LDG showed a benefit in the change in TAC from baseline to month 3 compared with PG: −23.6 g/day, P = 0.016, Cohen's d = −0.44; −18.4 g/day, P = 0.048 (Bonferroni correction P < 0.025), Cohen's d = −0.36. In a subgroup of very high‐risk drinking‐level participants (> 100 g/day of pure alcohol for men and > 60 g/day for women), the difference between the HDG and the PG in the primary outcome was −29.8 g/day (P = 0.031, Cohen's d = −0.51). The high and low doses were well‐tolerated with a similar safety profile.ConclusionsA randomized controlled trial of treatment of severe alcohol use disorder with a cyproheptadine−prazosin combination for 3 months reduced drinking by more than 23 g per day compared with placebo. A higher dose combination was associated with a larger magnitude of drinking reduction than a lower dose combination while showing similar safety profile.
Prevalence of infertility and barriers to family building among male physicians
Authors: Lin Jasmine S. , Dubin Justin M. , Aguiar Jonathan , Brannigan Robert E. , Halpern Joshua A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundFertility declines with increasing age and physicians often delay childbearing beyond prime reproductive years for the sake of medical training. However, the risks of infertility in male physicians compared to the general population remain poorly studied.ObjectivesTo characterize rates of infertility among male physicians and identify barriers in access to fertility care and family building.Materials & methodsBetween June 2022 and December 2022, male physicians were invited to complete a questionnaire regarding fertility and family building. Surveys were disseminated electronically via social media and professional medical societies using Qualtrics (Provo, UT).ResultsTwo hundred thirty‐five responses were included in the final analysis. The mean age of respondents was 36.3 ± 7.4 years. Of 151 respondents with children or currently attempting to have children, 66 (43.7%) delayed family building due to their medical training or career. The most influential factors affecting timing of children were lack of flexibility in schedule, lack of time, stress, and financial strain. Forty‐three (18.3.%) respondents had seen a doctor for fertility evaluation; an additional 12 (5.1%) said they considered doing so but did not, mostly due to being too busy. Sixty (25.5%) had undergone semen testing in the past. Thirty‐one (13.2%) reported a diagnosis of fertility issues in either themselves or their partner. Twenty‐seven (11.5%) endorsed either them or their partner having undergone assistive reproductive technologies or other procedures for infertility.DiscussionA significant proportion of male physicians delayed building their family or seeking fertility evaluation due to their medical career. Around 23.4% of male physicians have either seen or considered seeing a physician for fertility evaluation, suggesting a high prevalence of infertility in this cohort.ConclusionOur results indicate a need for interventions to support family building and fertility evaluation and treatment among male physicians.
Disparities with global standards about growth references of mid‐upper arm circumference‐for‐age for Pakistani children aged 6–60 months
Authors: Akbar Natasha , Aslam Muhammad , Petersen Jørgen Holm , Altaf Saima , Ahmed Khawaja Masuood 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimGrowth reference values about mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) are vital for assessing children's nutritional status. However, Pakistan lacks these reference values and growth charts. This study aims to develop these for children aged 6–60 months and compare them with global standards.MethodsThe data were acquired from the 2018 National Nutrition Survey of Pakistan, which was conducted by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) during 2018–2019. The final study cohort comprised 57 285 children, with 51% being boys. Percentile values and charts for MUAC‐for‐age were developed using generalised additive models for location, scale and shape with the Box–Cox power exponential distribution.ResultsThe mean MUAC was 14.21 cm (±2.07 cm) and 14.13 cm (±2.12 cm) for the boys and girls, respectively. At 60 months of age, the P3 and P97 percentiles for girls were slightly higher than those for boys. The median percentiles of Pakistani children were smaller than the World Health Organisation 2007 standards and with international references.ConclusionWe observed disparities in MUAC‐for‐age growth references among Pakistani children compared to global standards, highlighting regional, age and gender variations. This underscores the need for developing countries like Pakistan to establish their growth references.
The effects of seed enhancements on plant establishment in native grasses: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Berto Bianca , Ritchie Alison L. , Erickson Todd E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractQuestionsNative grasses are widespread with high commercial value and demand across the restoration sector, though their uptake is often hampered by seed‐use challenges. Seed enhancement technologies (SETs) provide a valuable tool for improving plant establishment outcomes for species (such as native grasses) where seed‐based approaches are essential to achieve large‐scale targets. However, due to the increased investment in resources and time associated with application of SETs, their adoption is dependent on the ability of these treatments to consistently provide benefits to one or more demographic life stages, particularly under field conditions. This meta‐analysis addresses the following research question: what are the overall effects of SETs on plant establishment outcomes compared to untreated florets or seeds in native grasses globally?LocationGlobal.MethodsThe effects of six major SET categories (acid treatment, coating, pelleting, flash flaming, priming, and treatment combinations) on germination, emergence, and shoot and root length and biomass were explored. Furthermore, the consistency of the effects of SETs across study types (i.e., laboratory, glasshouse, and field) was investigated.ResultsThe overall effects of SETs on native grasses in this meta‐analysis were positive for germination (16% improvement), emergence (22% improvement), and growth (6.42–8.86 cm and 2.26–2.77 g increase in seedling length and biomass, respectively). However, effects ranged from neutral to positive when data were grouped by SET type, with coating, pelleting and priming delivering consistent benefits across multiple life stages, and acid treatments, flash flaming, and combination treatments having mixed effects. This analysis also provided evidence that benefits observed from SET application in laboratory and glasshouse studies are not translating to field environments.ConclusionsOverall, SETs generally had positive effects and can therefore provide a relatively low‐risk approach to improving seed‐based restoration outcomes in native grasses. Continued SET research focussed on long‐term plant establishment outcomes in field environments is needed to further advance SET uptake.
Succession and seasonality drive tropical butterfly assembly after an extreme hurricane
Authors: Aparicio‐Jiménez Dayneris , Terry Caitlin N. , Massol‐Deyá Arturo , Puente‐Rolón Alberto R. , Hulshof Catherine M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe composition and biodiversity of insect community assemblages are mediated by a complex set of biotic and abiotic factors. Among these factors are forest structure and atmospheric variables (like temperature and humidity), which are heavily influenced by frequent hurricane activity in the Caribbean. Despite this, changes in Caribbean insect assemblages as forests recover from hurricane disturbance are poorly documented. Butterflies represent a charismatic model taxon in biodiversity and conservation, and are thus an ideal subject for exemplifying these shifts in insect abundances and diversity across ecological succession. Here, we monitored butterfly communities in two Puerto Rican forests differing in structure (i.e., canopy height, tree size) to assess butterfly diversity, abundances, and community level wing traits (size and color) over 1 year, beginning 6 months after Hurricane Maria. Monthly sampling over the course of 1 year revealed no relationships between abundances and canopy openness or humidity; instead, species abundances fluctuated seasonally and were nonlinearly correlated with temperature. In contrast, wing size and color were linearly correlated with abiotic variables. Specifically, wings were larger in cooler and more open conditions. Wing color saturation and brightness were negatively correlated with humidity. Our results suggest that, first, a functional approach may provide better insight into the factors mediating species responses to disturbances. Second, further disentangling abundance seasonality from impacts of extreme disturbances necessitates long‐term monitoring.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Clinical performance and risk factors of all‐ceramic screw‐retained implant crowns in the posterior region based on a retrospective investigation
Authors: Graf Tobias , Lyko Alina , Dahmer Iulia , Stimmelmayr Michael , Dieterich Horst , Aggstaller Hans , Güth Jan‐Frederik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesClinical data on all‐ceramic screw‐retained implant crowns (SICs) luted on titanium base abutments (TBAs) over more than 3 years are sparse. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance and potential risk factors for these restorations.Materials and MethodsAnalysis took place based on the medical patient‐records of three dental offices. Implant survival and prosthetic complications over time were evaluated. The study included SICs in premolar and molar regions made from monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic (M_LiDi) or veneered zirconia (V_ZiO) luted on a TBA documented over an observation time of at least 3 years. Survival and complication rates were calculated and compared by a log‐rank test. Cox‐Regressions were used to check potential predictors for the survival (p < .05).ResultsSix hundred and one crowns out of 371 patients met the inclusion criteria and follow‐up period was between 3.0 and 12.9 (mean: 6.4 (SD: 2.1)) years. Over time, six implants had to be removed and 16 restorations had to be refabricated. The estimated survival rates over 10 years were 93.5% for M_LiDi and 95.9% for V_ZiO and did not differ significantly among each other (p = .80). However, V_ZiO showed significantly higher complication rates (p = .003). Material selection, sex, age, and implant diameter did not affect the survival of investigated SICs but crown height influences significantly the survival rate (hazard ratio, HR = 1.26 (95%CI: 1.08, 1.49); p = .043).ConclusionsScrew‐retained SICs luted on TBAs that were fabricated from monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic or veneered zirconia showed reliable and similar survival rates. Increasing crown heights reduced survival over the years.
Tracking aquatic animals for fisheries management in European waters
Authors: Özgül Aytaç , Birnie‐Gauvin Kim , Abecasis David , Alós Josep , Aarestrup Kim , Reubens Jan , Bolland Jon , Lök Altan , Edwards Jena E. , Pengal Polona , Prchalová Marie , Říha Milan , Pickholtz Renanel , Vollset Knut Wiik , Afonso Pedro , Davidsen Jan Grimsrud , Arlinghaus Robert , Ünal Vahdet , Lennox Robert J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAcoustic telemetry (AT) has emerged as a valuable tool for monitoring aquatic animals in both European inland and marine waters over the past two decades. The European Tracking Network (ETN) initiative has played a pivotal role in promoting collaboration among AT researchers in Europe and has led to a significant increase in the number of tagged and observed aquatic animals in transboundary European waters. While AT benefits decision‐making and delivers essential data to management bodies, its potential for management decision‐making mechanisms has yet to be fully harnessed. We reviewed existing research, studies, and organisational initiatives related to aquatic animal tracking and their utility in fisheries management in European waters. We found that AT has already contributed to many aspects of fisheries management, such as improved understanding of stock dynamics, identification of critical habitats, assessment of migration routes, and evaluation of the effectiveness of conservation measures. However, broader utilisation of tracking technologies is needed. By leveraging the full potential of AT, managers can make more informed decisions to protect, restore, and sustainably manage European waters and creatures that live therein.
Evaluating the multiple sulfur isotope signature of Eoarchean rocks from the Isua Supracrustal Belt (Southwest‐Greenland) by MC‐ICP‐MS: Volcanic nutrient sources for early life
Authors: Macdonald Jane E. , Sugden Patrick , Dumont Matthew , Szilas Kristoffer , Glorie Stijn , Simpson Alexander , Gilbert Sarah , Burke Andrea , Stüeken Eva E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOn the anoxic Archean Earth, prior to the onset of oxidative weathering, electron acceptors were relatively scarce, perhaps limiting microbial productivity. An important metabolite may have been sulfate produced during the photolysis of volcanogenic SO2 gas. Multiple sulfur isotope data can be used to track this sulfur source, and indeed this record indicates SO2 photolysis dating back to at least 3.7 Ga, that is, as far back as proposed evidence of life on Earth. However, measurements of multiple sulfur isotopes in some key strata from that time can be challenging due to low sulfur concentrations. Some studies have overcome this challenge with NanoSIMS or optimized gas‐source mass spectrometry techniques, but those instruments are not readily accessible. Here, we applied an aqua regia leaching protocol to extract small amounts of sulfur from whole rocks for analyses of multiple sulfur isotopes by multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS). Measurements of standards and replicates demonstrate good precision and accuracy. We applied this technique to meta‐sedimentary rocks with putative biosignatures from the Eoarchean Isua Supracrustal Belt (ISB, >3.7 Ga) and found positive ∆33S (1.40–1.80‰) in four meta‐turbidites and negative ∆33S (−0.80‰ and −0.66‰) in two meta‐carbonates. Two meta‐basalts do not display significant mass‐independent fractionation (MIF, −0.01‰ and 0.16‰). In situ Re–Os dating on a molybdenite vein hosted in the meta‐turbidites identifies an early ca. 3.7 Ga hydrothermal phase, and in situ Rb–Sr dating of micas in the meta‐carbonates suggests metamorphism affected the rocks at ca. 2.2 and 1.7 Ga. We discuss alteration mechanisms and conclude that there is most likely a primary MIF‐bearing phase in these meta‐sediments. Our new method is therefore a useful addition to the geochemical toolbox, and it confirms that organisms at that time, if present, may indeed have been fed by volcanic nutrients.
Nitrogen fertilization effects on aged Miscanthus × giganteus stands: Exploring biomass yield, yield components, and biomass prediction using in‐season morphological traits
Authors: Namoi Nictor , Jang Chunhwa , Behnke Gevan D. , Lee Jung Woo , Yang Wendy , Lee DoKyoung 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFor sustainable biomass production of Miscanthus × giganteus (hereafter miscanthus), understanding the impact of stand age and nitrogen (N) fertilization on biomass yield is crucial. This study investigated the effects of varying N fertilization rates (0, 56, 112, and 168 kg N ha−1) on yield components (tiller height, density, and weight) and their correlations with end‐of‐season biomass yield in miscanthus. We also explored end‐of‐season biomass yield prediction using in‐season traits (canopy height, leaf area index, and leaf chlorophyll content [LCC]). The study was conducted at two sites in Illinois: a previously unfertilized 10‐year‐old miscanthus research stand at Urbana and a 16‐year‐old commercial stand at Pesotum with a history of annual 56N application. Results from 2018 to 2021 in Urbana and 2020 to 2021 in Pesotum showed increased biomass yields with N fertilization, varying by rate, year, and location. Biomass yield in Pesotum peaked at 56N, while in Urbana, it increased significantly at 112 kg N ha−1. Biomass yield was strongly correlated with tiller height and weight measured at Urbana across N rates. Morphological traits measured every 2–3 weeks during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons showed that canopy height was the strongest single predictor of miscanthus biomass yield, followed by LCC. Mid‐August to September measurements of these traits were the best predictors of biomass yield. Multiple regressions involving the canopy height and LCC further improved yield predictions. We conclude that while N enhances biomass yields of aging miscanthus, the optimum rate depends on the site, environmental conditions, and management history.
Hegel's Transcendent Absolute
Authors: Barbour Kyle J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this essay, I argue that Hegel's Absolute must be understood to be transcendent in the sense of being both immanent within the world and exceeding it. This account of transcendence invariably turns on Hegel's inheritance of the Christian tradition and, in particular, the metaphysics espoused through Christian Platonism. To support my argument I will examine the methodological immanentism of Hegel's phenomenology to show that such immanentism, while demanded by any phenomenology, is not necessarily imported into his metaphysics. I will then examine Hegel's Logic to show that the dialectic which his thought relies upon compels the finite subject to recognise that all finite things, including themselves, are grounded within the Absolute Idea. I will then examine whether we must understand the Absolute Idea as immanent or whether there is room to conceive of it as transcendent. I conclude the essay by showing that the sense of transcendence as found within Nicene Christianity provides an understanding of transcendence that is not only compatible with Hegel's thought but actually allows us to make better sense of his system than the immanentist interpretation of it.
Trends in the Brazilians' engagement with insects on the internet
Authors: da Silva Arthur Filipe , Barão Kim Ribeiro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
It is estimated that the tropical and south temperate regions harbour approximately 85% of the total entomofauna, and Brazil, which is the largest country in the Neotropical region, shows the greatest insect diversity in the world. However, to the best of our knowledge, the Brazilian population's interest in insects is yet to be investigated.
We use Google Trends platform for prospecting temporal variation in the public engagement with nature. From searches in this database, from 2012 to 2020, using common names of 21 insect groups, we evaluated: (I) Brazilians' internet interest on insects over time, (II) the highest search themes for each insect group and (III) which pairs of insects are positively or negatively correlated regarding the public interest through years.
Our findings demonstrate that Brazilians' internet interest regarding the studied insect groups is constant over time, which may be linked with the low attention these organisms generally receive, and that Brazilians are prone to perceive them as harmful, as we can observe in many of the top queries related to studied groups.
We observed a considerable synchronous growth in interest regarding pairs of insects considered as domestic pests, medically important and charismatic, and the searches on these groups referred mainly to their biological, ecological and cultural aspects.
Our results indicate that investment in environmental education in Brazil can motivate public engagement with insects. Also, our data can be crucial for directing conservation policies for insects in the tropical region.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy promotes the browning of white fat and contributes to the healing of diabetic wounds
Authors: Yin Yue , Wang Shang‐Yuan , Xie Di , Pan Shu‐Ming , Fu Hui‐min , Feng Zhi‐hui , Gao Cheng‐Jin , Ge Xiao‐Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNon‐healing wounds are one of the chronic complications of diabetes and have remained a worldwide challenge as one of the major health problems. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is proven to be very successful for diabetic wound treatment, for which the molecular basis is not understood. Adipocytes regulate multiple aspects of repair and may be therapeutic for inflammatory diseases and defective wound healing associated with aging and diabetes. Endothelial cell‐derived extracellular vesicles could promote wound healing in diabetes. To study the mechanism by which HBO promotes wound healing in diabetes, we investigated the effect of HBO on fat cells in diabetic mice. A diabetic wound mouse model was established and treated with HBO. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunofluorescence were used for the analysis of wound healing. To further explore the mechanism, we performed whole‐genome sequencing on extracellular vesicles (EVs). Furthermore, we conducted in vitro experiments. Specifically, exosomes were collected from human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cells after HBO treatment, and then these exosomes were co‐incubated with adipose tissue. The wound healing rate in diabetic mice treated with HBO was significantly higher. HBO therapy promotes the proliferation of adipose precursor cells. HUVEC‐derived exosomes treated with HBO significantly promoted fat cell browning. These data clarify that HBO therapy may promote vascular endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and promote browning of fat cells through vascular endothelial cells derived exosomes, thereby promoting diabetic wound healing. This provides new ideas for the application of HBO therapy in the treatment of diabetic trauma.