bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Decompressive Surgery for Patients With Severe Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: DECOMPRESS2 Observational Study
Authors: Aaron Sanjit , Ferreira Jorge M. , Coutinho Jonathan M. , Canhão Patrícia , Conforto Adriana B. , Arauz Antonio , Carvalho Marta , Masjuan Jaime , Sharma Vijay K. , Putaala Jukka , Uyttenboogaart Maarten , Werring David J. , Bazan Rodrigo , Mohindra Sandeep , Weber Jochen , Coert Bert A. , Kirubakaran Prabhu , Sanchez van Kammen Mayte , Singh Pankaj , Aguiar de Sousa Diana , Ferro José M. , Benjamin Kenneth , Zuurbier Yvonne , Winckler Fernanda , MFerro José , Costa Marisa , Barboza Miguel , Uribe Pacheco Rodrigo , Alvis Fernando , Serrano Eunice , Menendez Fernanda , Soriano Navarro Eduardo , Wilson Duncan , Vida Mariann , Greiner Karolin 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Decompressive neurosurgery is recommended for patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) who have large parenchymal lesions and impending brain herniation. This recommendation is based on limited evidence. We report long-term outcomes of patients with CVT treated by decompressive neurosurgery in an international cohort.

METHODS:
DECOMPRESS2 (Decompressive Surgery for Patients With Cerebral Venous Thrombosis, Part 2) was a prospective, international cohort study. Consecutive patients with CVT treated by decompressive neurosurgery were evaluated at admission, discharge, 6 months, and 12 months. The primary outcome was death or severe disability (modified Rankin Scale scores, 5–6) at 12 months. The secondary outcomes included patient and caregiver opinions on the benefits of surgery. The association between baseline variables before surgery and the primary outcome was assessed by multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS:
A total of 118 patients (80 women; median age, 38 years) were included from 15 centers in 10 countries from December 2011 to December 2019. Surgery (115 craniectomies and 37 hematoma evacuations) was performed within a median of 1 day after diagnosis. At last assessment before surgery, 68 (57.6%) patients were comatose, fixed dilated pupils were found unilaterally in 27 (22.9%) and bilaterally in 9 (7.6%). Twelve-month follow-up data were available for 113 (95.8%) patients. Forty-six (39%) patients were dead or severely disabled (modified Rankin Scale scores, 5–6), of whom 40 (33.9%) patients had died. Forty-two (35.6%) patients were independent (modified Rankin Scale scores, 0–2). Coma (odds ratio, 2.39 [95% CI, 1.03–5.56]) and fixed dilated pupil (odds ratio, 2.22 [95% CI, 0.90–4.92]) were predictors of death or severe disability. Of the survivors, 56 (78.9%) patients and 61 (87.1%) caregivers expressed a positive opinion on surgery.

CONCLUSIONS:
Two-thirds of patients with severe CVT were alive and more than one-third were independent 1 year after decompressive surgery. Among survivors, surgery was judged as worthwhile by 4 out of 5 patients and caregivers. These results support the recommendation to perform decompressive neurosurgery in patients with CVT with impending brain herniation.
Summer habitat selection by Mrs Hume’s Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) on Jinzhong Mountain, northwest Guangxi, China: implications for determining effective conservation actions using radio transmitters
Authors: Baodong Yuan , Xiulian Miao , Yichuan Zhang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the present study, summer habitat preference of Mrs Hume’s Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) was studied in Jinzhong Mountain Nature Reserve, Guangxi Province. Eight birds were equipped with radio transmitters and habitat characteristics of experiment and control quadrat sites, respectively, were measured. Our results indicated that: 200 m to 400 m distance to habitat edge, less than 200 m distance to water, over 400 m distance to human habitation, over 601 m distance to the road, over 60% tree cover, less than 40% shrub cover, less than 20% herb cover, over 60% leaf litter cover, height of tree over 10.1 m, tree density over 20 individuals per quadrat, shrub height over 2.1 m, shrub density less than 10 individuals per quadrat, height of herb species over 0.5 m, herb density less than 10 Individuals per quadrat, diameter of tree over 30 cm, and abundant food were the habitat characteristics. The elevation, herb density, and height of tree and shrub exhibited no significant differences (), but other factors showed significant differences between quadrat sites and control quadrat plot (). Results of a principal components analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the first five components accounted for 64.282% of the total variance. Food availability in different habitat patches is the vital factor affecting habitat selection by Mrs Hume’s Pheasant; the other factors showed no significant effects on habitat selection by Mrs Hume’s Pheasant in the subtropical forest. This suggests that habitat selection behavior of Mrs Hume’s Pheasant is in fact a trade-off between obtaining food and prey escape, which is an adaptive behavior and a life strategy of this near-threatened bird species.
Bridging the Gap
Authors: Stappert Nora , Gammeltoft-Hansen Thomas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recent years have seen a new, by now almost normalized, openness towards empirical, interdisciplinary approaches within international law scholarship, in part driven by research conducted within the Nordics. Scholarship that bridges International Law and International Relations has been a key example, promising new insights on how power dynamics shape international law, and how international law in turn constitutes global order. However, interdisciplinary work combining both disciplines has also been met with critique, including accusations of disciplinary hegemony, a priori theorising, and not accounting for international law’s normativity. This article argues that practice theory provides one possible way to address these challenges. Focusing on day-to-day legal practices, especially at the intersections of legal regimes, we identify three examples of particularly promising research avenues: state responses to international legal developments; international lawyers navigating overlapping communities of practice; and data-driven approaches for understanding how legal interpretations are negotiated across different groups of practitioners.
Elusive Interdisciplinarity in International Law in the Nordics
Authors: Korhonen Outi , Leppäkorpi Mervi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this article we discuss the interdisciplinarity as a practical question and a theoretical challenge. We place international law on a disciplinary map and advocate for theoretical openings towards other social sciences using the critique on methodological nationalism in social sciences as an example of possibilities for broadening the theoretical approaches. We suggest that methodological dialogue should be taken as central in research practices. We also inquire into interdisciplinarity practices that include theoretical openness towards other disciplines and explain how they could benefit legal scholars particularly when analysing consequences of the law. A number of examples from the interdisciplinarity in Nordic countries are included and some of their approaches and terminological challenges discussed.
“Anarchy” against “Order”: French Elite Perception of the Conflict in Manchuria
Authors: Barthel Alexandre 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The fall of the French empire in Asia is directly linked to the Second World War and France’s policy of appeasement that preceded it. The issue of France’s attitude to the invasion of Manchuria is important for understanding what French policy in East Asia was during the 1930s. For these reasons, this article intends to show the attitude of French political leaders and how, unable as they were to condemn the aggressor, Japan, it led to the policy of appeasement pursued by all French governments with regard to Japan during the rest of the decade. To do so, this article is based on the published diplomatic archives of the United States and the articles published by the newspaper Le Temps, the unofficial organ of the Third Republic.
Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Zhou Da , Song Siying , Huang Xiangqian , Ding Yuchuan , Meng Ran 
Published: April 2024

Background Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor is a standard therapy in patients with ischemic vascular diseases (IVD) including coronary artery, cerebrovascular and peripheral arterial diseases, although the optimal duration of this treatment is still debated. Previous meta-analyses reported conflicting results about the effects of long-term and short-term as well as non-DAPT use in various clinical settings. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of different durations of DAPT. Methods We reviewed relevant articles and references from database, which were published prior to April 2023. Data from prospective studies were processed using RevMan5.0 software, provided by Cochrane Collaboration and transformed using relevant formulas. The inclusion criteria involved randomization to long-term versus short-term or no DAPT; the endpoints included at least one of total or cardiovascular (CV) mortalities, IVD recurrence, and bleeding. Results A total of 34 randomized studies involving 141 455 patients were finally included. In comparison with no or short-term DAPT, long-term DAPT reduced MI and stroke, but did not reduce the total and CV mortalities. Meanwhile, bleeding events were increased, even though intracranial and fatal bleedings were not affected. Besides, the reduction of MI and stroke recurrence showed no statistical significance between long-term and short-term DAPT groups. Conclusion Long-term DAPT may not reduce the mortality of IVD besides increasing bleeding events, although reduced the incidences of MI and stroke early recurrence to a certain extent and did not increase the risk of fatal intracranial bleeding.
A pulmonary rehabilitation program is an effective strategy to improve forced vital capacity, muscle strength, and functional exercise capacity similarly in adults and older people with post-severe COVID-19 who required mechanical ventilation
Authors: Muñoz-Cofré Rodrigo , del Valle María Fernanda , Marzuca-Nassr Gabriel Nasri , Valenzuela Jorge , del Sol Mariano , Canales Constanza Díaz , Lizana Pablo A. , Valenzuela-Aedo Fernando , Lizama-Pérez Rodrigo , Escobar-Cabello Máximo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
It is internationally known that our population is aging. At the same time, some patients with COVID-19, due to their symptoms, required mechanical ventilation (MV) and subsequent pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). This study aimed to compare the effects of a multimodal PR program “ADULT” versus “OLDER” people with COVID-19 who were on MV.

Methods
The intervention consisted of an 8-week hybrid PR program (2x week). Forced vital capacity (FVC) was measured at the beginning and end of PR, upper and lower limb strength was obtained through hand grip strength (HGS) and the sit-to-stand test (STST), respectively, and functional exercise capacity was measured with the 6-minute walking test (6MWT).

Results
The main results were an increase in the FVC in the ADULT and OLDER groups (time effect, P = 0.000; η2 = 0.27), an increase in HGS in the ADULT and OLDER groups (time effect, P = 0.000; η2 = 0.52), in the same way, the number of repetitions on the STST increased in the ADULT and OLDER groups (time effect, P = 0.000; η2 = 0.55). Finally, the distance covered on the 6MWT increased in the ADULT and OLDER groups (time effect, P = 0.000; η2 = 0.65).

Conclusions
The PR program is an effective strategy to improve FVC, muscle strength, and functional exercise capacity similarly in adults and older people with post severe COVID-19 who required MV.
Reconstitution of oral antibiotic suspensions for paediatric use in households: a cross-sectional study among caregivers of 3–5-year-old children from a selected district, Sri Lanka
Authors: Kumarasinghe Malith , Weerasinghe Manuj C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Reconstitution of oral pediatric antibiotic suspension by primary caregivers plays an essential role in determining the overall health outcome of the child. Incorrect reconstitution techniques could lead to underdosing, overdosing, or introduction of infection. Underdosing could lead to non-resolving infection and antimicrobial resistance.

Objectives
To assess the practice and associated factors on reconstitution of oral pediatric antibiotic suspensions (OPAS) among primary caregivers of 3–5-year-old children in a selected district in Sri Lanka.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out among 835 primary caregivers selected using two-stage cluster sampling at field clinics to assess practices for the reconstitution of OPAS. A live demonstration of the reconstitution of the OPAS was assessed by a checklist. Associated factors with caregiver practices on reconstitution were assessed using Chi-square with the statistical significance level set at 0.05.

Results
A total of 820 respondents were recruited and completed the study (response rate = 98.2%). Overall, 56.0% displayed good performance in the demonstration of reconstitution of oral pediatric antibiotic suspension. Poorest performances were observed in shaking the bottle to loosen the powder (Correct: 53.7%), topping up the bottle with water up to the marked line (Correct: 58.0%), and filling the water below the marked line in the bottle (Correct: 59.0%). Caregivers in urban areas compared to rural and estate regions (45.6% vs. 22.7% and 26.5% respectively) and caregivers aged 35 years or above compared to less than 35 years age group (31.5% vs. 22.5%) performed the reconstitution of OPAS poorly. Parental factors, namely age, gender, level of education, and geographical region (urban/rural/estate) were significantly associated with the performance in reconstituting the oral paediatric antibiotic suspension (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001 respectively). Factors related to the child, specifically whether they attend preschool and whether they have an older sibling, were found to have a significant association with the correct execution of the reconstitution of OPAS (p = 0.017, and p = 0.030 respectively).

Conclusions and recommendations
A significant number of primary caregivers displayed poor practice in key steps during the reconstitution of OPAS, which could have a negative impact on the health of the child. Targeted place-based behavioural change health programs with the use of infographic leaflets/ posters may correct the practices of caregivers.
Clinical characteristics, HPV involvement, and demographic risk factors in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia complicated by vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Xu Mindan , Wang Yan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) when coexisting with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN).

Methods
We analyzed the clinical data of 212 patients diagnosed with CIN, including 50 patients with concurrent VAIN. The groups were compared to identify distinct clinical features and independent risk factors for the co-occurrence of CIN and VAIN, using logistic regression analysis.

Results
Patients with both CIN and VAIN had a median age of 57, significantly older than the 41-year median age of patients with CIN only (P < 0.05). A higher prevalence of HPV infection (98.0%) was observed in the CIN and VAIN group, with a notable rate of multiple HPV infections (67.3%) compared to the CIN-only group (P < 0.05). Educational levels were significantly lower in the combined CIN and VAIN group (P < 0.05). HPV16, 33, and 52 were identified as significant types for single and multiple infections. Multivariate analysis confirmed age as an independent risk factor for CIN with VAIN (P < 0.05). VAIN3 patients were more likely to exhibit HSIL and ASC-H, whereas VAIN1 cases tended to correspond with ASCUS and LSIL diagnoses.

Conclusion
The co-occurrence of CIN and VAIN is significantly influenced by patient age and educational level. The findings advocate for more diligent vaginal examination during colposcopy in older patients, particularly those with multiple HPV infections and cytological abnormalities, to enhance the early detection of vaginal lesions and prevent missed diagnoses and treatments. Additionally, the high prevalence of HPV infection, especially with certain types, underscores the importance of HPV monitoring in this patient population.
Factors affecting the choice of medical specialties in Turkiye: an analysis based on cross-sectional survey of medical graduates
Authors: Yıldız Mustafa Said , Khan M. Mahmud 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Modern healthcare systems require the right mix of medical specialties for effective provision of high-quality services. Despite increased availability of general physicians and specialists, Türkiye lags behind high-income countries in terms of availability of specialists. The purpose of the study is to identify several specific factors that affect the choice of medical specialization.

Methods
All 350 medical school graduates in a specialty examination preparation bootcamp were requested to participate in the survey and 333 completed the self-administered questionnaire. The survey asked questions about factors affecting choice of medical specialty by medical graduates.

Results
The empirical results indicate that surgical specialties, compared to other broad medical specializations, are selected because of its higher income-earning potential and social prestige. The likelihood of selecting surgical specialties is negatively affected by rigorousness of the training program, high work-load, risk of malpractice lawsuits and risk of workplace violence. Male participants were 2.8 times more likely to select surgery specialty compared to basic medical science. Basic medical science areas were selected at a higher rate by female graduates and graduates with high level of academic performance in medical schools.

Conclusions
It is critically important to improve trust and inter-personal communications between the patients and physicians in all specialties to lower the likelihood of malpractice lawsuits and workplace violence. Policy-makers may adopt policies to affect income earning potential and social prestige of targeted specializations to improve their supply.
Adaptation and qualitative evaluation of the BETTER intervention for chronic disease prevention and screening by public health nurses in low income neighbourhoods: views of community residents
Authors: O’Brien Mary Ann , Lofters Aisha , Wall Becky , Elliott Regina , Makuwaza Tutsirai , Pietrusiak Mary-Anne , Grunfeld Eva , Riordan Bernadette , Snider Cathie , Pinto Andrew D. , Manca Donna , Sopcak Nicolette , Cornacchi Sylvie D. , Huizinga Joanne , Sivayoganathan Kawsika , Donnelly Peter D. , Selby Peter , Kyle Robert , Rabeneck Linda , Baxter Nancy N. , Tinmouth Jill , Paszat Lawrence 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The BETTER intervention is an effective comprehensive evidence-based program for chronic disease prevention and screening (CDPS) delivered by trained prevention practitioners (PPs), a new role in primary care. An adapted program, BETTER HEALTH, delivered by public health nurses as PPs for community residents in low income neighbourhoods, was recently shown to be effective in improving CDPS actions. To obtain a nuanced understanding about the CDPS needs of community residents and how the BETTER HEALTH intervention was perceived by residents, we studied how the intervention was adapted to a public health setting then conducted a post-visit qualitative evaluation by community residents through focus groups and interviews.

Methods
We first used the ADAPT-ITT model to adapt BETTER for a public health setting in Ontario, Canada. For the post-PP visit qualitative evaluation, we asked community residents who had received a PP visit, about steps they had taken to improve their physical and mental health and the BETTER HEALTH intervention. For both phases, we conducted focus groups and interviews; transcripts were analyzed using the constant comparative method.

Results
Thirty-eight community residents participated in either adaptation (n = 14, 64% female; average age 54 y) or evaluation (n = 24, 83% female; average age 60 y) phases. In both adaptation and evaluation, residents described significant challenges including poverty, social isolation, and daily stress, making chronic disease prevention a lower priority. Adaptation results indicated that residents valued learning about CDPS and would attend a confidential visit with a public health nurse who was viewed as trustworthy. Despite challenges, many recipients of BETTER HEALTH perceived they had achieved at least one personal CDPS goal post PP visit. Residents described key relational aspects of the visit including feeling valued, listened to and being understood by the PP. The PPs also provided practical suggestions to overcome barriers to meeting prevention goals.

Conclusions
Residents living in low income neighbourhoods faced daily stress that reduced their capacity to make preventive lifestyle changes. Key adapted features of BETTER HEALTH such as public health nurses as PPs were highly supported by residents. The intervention was perceived valuable for the community by providing access to disease prevention.

Trial registration
#NCT03052959, 10/02/2017.