bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should Children Be Included in Human Challenge Studies?
Authors: Binik Ariella 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTHuman challenge studies, in which human research subjects are intentionally exposed to pathogens to contribute to scientific knowledge, raise many ethical complexities. One controversial question is whether it is ethically permissible to include children as participants. Commentary of the past decades endorses the exclusion of children, while new guidance suggests that pediatric human challenge studies can be ethically permissible. This paper argues that neither children's exclusion nor their inclusion are well justified. I examine and reject three arguments for exclusion, but suggest that these arguments establish pediatric human challenge studies as a complex ethical category of research that requires caution. I then argue for a strong presumption against children's inclusion, by drawing on an analogy to children's inclusion in phase I trials, emphasizing a requirement of necessity, and suggesting that accommodating children's vulnerability promotes an age de‐escalation approach for pediatric human challenge studies research. In the final section, I suggest a procedure for ethics review.
Lifetime and current mental health based on avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder history versus other eating disorder history in the Healthy Minds Study
Authors: Richson Brianne N. , Zickgraf Hana F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveResearch on psychiatric comorbidities associated with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) primarily compares ARFID versus anorexia nervosa (AN). Little is known about comorbidities associated with mixed ARFID/other eating disorder (ED) history or ARFID comorbidities relative to EDs beyond AN. This study assessed lifetime and current psychiatric factors in a large college sample with varying ED histories.MethodParticipants were United States students from the 2021/2022 Healthy Minds Study who endorsed lifetime professionally diagnosed EDs (N = 4657). Chi‐square tests compared lifetime ED groups (ARFID, ARFID + Non‐ARFID ED, Non‐ARFID ED) on lifetime neurodevelopmental, anxiety, obsessive‐compulsive, trauma/stressor‐related, and depressive disorder prevalence, and suicidality and counseling/therapy receipt. Multivariate analysis of variance evaluated current depressive, anxiety, and ED symptom differences.ResultsLifetime neurodevelopmental and anxiety disorders were less prevalent in “Lifetime Non‐ARFID ED” than ARFID groups. Lifetime depressive, trauma/stressor‐related, and obsessive‐compulsive disorders were relatively more prevalent in “Lifetime ARFID + Non‐ARFID ED.” This group demonstrated relatively greater current depressive symptoms and past‐year suicide attempts. Lifetime ARFID groups demonstrated relatively greater current anxiety. All groups differed on current ED symptoms. Effects were small.DiscussionHistorical ARFID is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and historical/current anxiety. Mixed ARFID/non‐ARFID ED history may indicate increased propensity toward varied psychopathology.Public Significance StatementThis study replicated findings that ARFID is associated with neurodevelopmental and anxiety disorders in the lifespan through young adulthood. Extending prior work, results suggest a history of ARFID is associated with increased anxiety in young adulthood. Finally, a history of both ARFID and other eating pathology is associated with increased risk for a wide range of psychiatric difficulties (e.g., obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, suicide attempts) in the lifespan through young adulthood.
Climate drivers and human impacts shape 35‐year trends of coastal wetland health and composition in an urban region
Authors: Doughty Cheryl L. , Gu Hanfeng , Ambrose Richard F. , Stein Eric D. , Sloane Evyan Borgnis , Martinez Meghan , Cavanaugh Kyle C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe future of coastal wetlands will depend on the combined effects of climate change and human impacts from urbanization and coastal management. Disentangling the effects of these factors is difficult, but satellite imagery archives provide a way to track biological and physical changes in wetlands over recent decades to reveal how coastal wetlands have been changing in response to climate and human drivers. In this study, we used Landsat to monitor the conditions of 32 coastal wetlands in southern California from 1984 to 2019 and identify environmental and human drivers of these trends. Wetland conditions were characterized by vegetation greenness, using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and by habitat composition, derived from areal estimates of wetland and subtidal habitats. Overall, wetlands displayed three types of long‐term response: greening and gaining wetland (10), greening and losing wetland (16), and browning and losing wetland (6). Regional environmental drivers with overall positive effects on wetland NDVI were sea level, wave height, and precipitation, whereas stream discharge, vapor pressure deficit, and air temperature had negative or nonlinear effects. Wetland area change was primarily correlated with sea level, but response was highly contextual among sites. Negative trends in wetland NDVI and area were more common in larger sites with low elevations and in sites with open inlets. Restoration had mixed effects, with only half of the restored sites showing positive changes in NDVI and wetland area post‐restoration. The important work of managing and restoring urban coastal wetlands is complicated by variability and context and requires us to account for the influence of humans and climate as we build a regional understanding of historic, present, and future wetland health.
Canonical and noncanonical functions of complement in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Pickering Matthew C , Botto Marina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFor many years complement activation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was viewed as a major cause of tissue injury. However, human and murine studies showed that complement plays a protective as well as a proinflammatory role in tissue damage. A hierarchy is apparent with early classical pathway components, particularly C1q, exerting the greatest influence. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the protective function(s) of complement remains an important challenge for the future and has implications for the use of complement therapy in SLE. We review recent advances in the field and give a new perspective on the complement conundrum in SLE.
Combining SARS‐CoV‐2 interferon‐gamma release assay with humoral response assessment to define immune memory profiles
Authors: Mouton William , Oriol Guy , Compagnon Christelle , Saade Carla , Saker Kahina , Franc Priscille , Mokdad Bouchra , Fleurie Aurore , Lacoux Xavier , Daniel Soizic , Berthier Franck , Barnel Cécile , Pozzetto Bruno , Fassier Jean‐Baptiste , Dubois Valérie , Djebali Sophia , Dubois Maxence , Walzer Thierry , Marvel Jacqueline , Brengel‐Pesce Karen , Trouillet‐Assant Sophie ,   Covid ser study group
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesIn the post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic era, “breakthrough infections” are still documented, due to variants of concerns (VoCs) emergence and waning humoral immunity. Despite widespread utilization, the definition of the anti‐Spike (S) immunoglobulin‐G (IgG) threshold to define protection has unveiled several limitations. Here, we explore the advantages of incorporating T‐cell response assessment to enhance the definition of immune memory profile.MethodsSARS‐CoV‐2 interferon‐gamma release assay test (IGRA) was performed on samples collected longitudinally from immunocompetent healthcare workers throughout their immunization by infection and/or vaccination, anti‐receptor‐binding domain IgG levels were assessed in parallel. The risk of symptomatic infection according to cellular/humoral immune capacities during Omicron BA.1 wave was then estimated.ResultsClose to 40% of our samples were exclusively IGRA‐positive, largely due to time elapsed since their last immunization. This suggests that individuals have sustained long‐lasting cellular immunity, while they would have been classified as lacking protective immunity based solely on IgG threshold. Moreover, the Cox regression model highlighted that Omicron BA.1 circulation raises the risk of symptomatic infection while increased anti‐receptor‐binding domain IgG and IGRA levels tended to reduce it.ConclusionThe discrepancy between humoral and cellular responses highlights the significance of assessing the overall adaptive immune response. This integrated approach allows the identification of vulnerable subjects and can be of interest to guide antiviral prophylaxis at an individual level.
Three‐Component Reactions of Alkenes with C−C Bond Formation: Recent Developments
Authors: Wang Zhan‐Yong , Li Jiarong , Li Tingan , Jiang Xiaoying , Li Hang , Zhang Ziyan , Xu Shaohong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlkenes are highly valuable materials in organic synthesis, and their three‐component reactions offer a promising method for C−C bond formation and carbon chain elongation. This approach not only reduces the number of reaction steps but also minimizes waste generation, enabling the preparation of polysubstituted alkanes from simple starting materials. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advancements in this field from 2013 to 2023. We have classified the developments into three main categories: (1) reactions triggered by C‐radicals or heteroatom‐radicals; (2) cascades involving three‐membered ring intermediates; and (3) transformations catalyzed by metals. We will discuss a wide range of reactions that involve diazoium salts, arylhydrazines, acids, aldehydes, 1,3‐dicarbonyls, diazo compounds, amines, malononitriles, diacyl peroxides, ethers, 1,3‐dithiane, arenes, CuSCF3, selectfluor, Et3N ⋅ 3HF, TBHP, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CO2, CO, KCl, H2O, and other reagents. These reactions lead to alkylation, arylation, or carbonylation products. We believe that this review will be helpful for future research in this area.
Contamination severity index: An analysis of Bangladesh groundwater arsenic
Authors: Chaubey Yogendra P. , Zhang Qi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article deals with the measurement of groundwater arsenic () contamination. The focus is on using a proper index for the severity of contamination, rather than just using the proportion of observations above a threshold level. We specifically focus on the contamination severity index (CSI) proposed by Sen (2016. Sankhya B, 78B(2), 341–361.). An alternative estimator in contrast to the one given by Sen (2016. Sankhya B, 78B(2), 341–361.) is used here which is useful for a small number of observations. The data used is that collected by the British Geological Society and the Bangladesh Department of Public Health Engineering during 1997–2001. Their analysis was based on the simple proportion of the observations above a threshold level, whereas the CSI measure adequately takes into account the severity of the observations. It is emphasized in this article that the comparison of areas with average arsenic () levels to determine arsenic severity is not appropriate in general due to a large variation in the sample values due to the depth of wells. However, an alternative to the CSI proposed in Sen (2016. Sankhya B, 78B(2), 341–361.) has been given in this article that takes into account the depth of wells corresponding to the samples. This article also uses the bootstrap methodology in assessing the bias and standard errors of the estimators, and the corresponding bias‐corrected and accelerated confidence intervals.
Hybrid multicriteria decision‐making model for process selection for drinking water treatment
Authors: Ozgur Cihan , Baris Deniz , Kaplan Bekaroglu Sehnaz Sule 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe overuse of pesticides in agriculture poses significant threats to human health and the environment. This study addresses the issue by proposing a hybrid multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) method, utilizing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), to select the most suitable pesticide removal method for drinking water treatment. Focusing on the priority and selection of treatment options for specific pesticide groups, such as diuron and cypermethrin, based on toxicity and physicochemical properties, the study concludes that nanofiltration is best option for diuron removal, while granular activated carbon adsorption is effective for cypermethrin. The innovative hybrid MCDM (AHP + TOPSIS and AHP + VIKOR) approach, unprecedented in assessing pesticide removal methods for drinking water treatment, proves promising in ranking treatment processes for pesticides. The study emphasizes the serious consequences of excessive pesticide use, highlights treatment solutions like NF and GAC adsorption, and introduces cutting‐edge hybrid MCDM techniques for selection treatment process that meet technical, economical, and environmental requirements. All of these factors combine to provide a novel approach not only used to select the best option from alternatives, but also to prioritize alternative processes in drinking water treatment at pesticide removal practices.
An energy‐aware software fault detection system based on hierarchical rule approach for enhancing quality of service in internet of things‐enabled wireless sensor network
Authors: Balraj Lavina , Prasanth Aruchamy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOf late, the Internet of Things (IoT) has progressed in its pervasiveness across the globe for diverse applications. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is one of the prominent technologies employed in IoT environments where multiple tiny sensor nodes are distributed to sense real‐time observations about unforeseeable areas for control and managerial purposes. Owing to the presence of sensors in inaccessible regions and their battery restrictions, different types of software faults occur in IoT‐enabled WSNs (IWSNs). These faults create uncertainty in data reading which causes serious damage to the sensor network. Hence, the IWSN necessitates an effective fault‐detection methodology to continue optimal activity despite the existence of software faults. This work proposes a novel Energy‐Aware Hierarchical Rule‐based Software Fault Detection (HRSFD) model to identify various software faults with minimum energy depletion in the IWSN environment. Primarily, the proposed model extracts antecedent attributes from the characteristics of the sensed data. Its abnormal values can be identified based on the obtained antecedent attributes. Subsequently, the category of the software fault is determined by applying a hierarchical rule strategy. Finally, from the simulation results, it is apparent that the fault detection accuracy rate of the proposed HRSFD model attains 99.12% for dense networks. The lifetime of the network is also prolonged by 18% as compared to the existing state‐of‐the‐art models.
Analyzing the influence of principals' instructional leadership, teachers' attitudes toward change, and schools' collaborative learning cultures on educational reform in learning
Authors: Hu Ying , Duyar Ibrahim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the influence of principals' instructional leadership, teachers' attitudes toward change, teachers' attitudes toward school museums' instructional mission, and schools' collaborative learning culture on students' level of key competencies (e.g., cognitive, creative, and cooperative competencies). A special emphasis was given to the examination of whether the school contexts in the form of school museums have any significant influence on student learning. A random sample of 22 public schools with museums was selected from four cities in China (Shanghai, Shaoxing, Hangzhou, and Foshan). A total of 111 school teachers and 1171 students were included as participants. Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were employed to analyze multisource survey data. Findings revealed that principals' instructional leadership positively influenced students' key competencies, which was mediated by teachers' attitudes toward school museums' instructional mission and schools' collaborative learning culture. Similarly, teachers' attitudes toward change positively predicted students' key competencies. The findings of the study suggest that school museums can be instrumental in improving student learning and, thus, may contribute to large‐scale learning policy changes that incorporate cognitive learning with noncognitive, social, and emotional aspects of learning.
Zearalenone contamination in maize, its associated producing fungi, control strategies, and legislation in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Hudu Abdul Rashid , Addy Francis , Mahunu Gustav Komla , Abubakari Abdul‐Halim , Opoku Nelson 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe fungal genus Fusarium contains many important plant pathogens as well as endophytes of wild and crop plants. Globally, Fusarium toxins in food crops are considered one of the greatest food safety concerns. Their occurrence has become more pronounced in Africa in recent times. Among the major Fusarium mycotoxins with food and feed safety concerns, zearalenone is frequently detected in finished feeds and cereals in Africa. However, the impact of indigenous agricultural practices (pre‐ and postharvest factors) and food processing techniques on the prevalence rate of Fusarium species and zearalenone occurrence in food and feed have not been collated and documented systematically. This review studies and analyzes recent reports on zearalenone contamination in maize and other cereal products from Africa, including its fungi producers, agronomic and climate variables impacting their occurrences, preventive measures, removal/decontamination methods, and legislations regulating their limits. Reports from relevant studies demonstrated a high prevalence of F. verticillioides and F. graminearum as Africa's main producers of zearalenone. Elevated CO2 concentration and high precipitation may carry along an increased risk of zearalenone contamination in maize. African indigenous processing methods may contribute to reduced ZEA levels in agricultural products and foods. Most African countries do not know their zearalenone status in the food supply chain and they have limited regulations that control its occurrence.
Developmental priming of early cerebrovascular ageing: Implications across a lifetime
Authors: Stolp Helen B. , Solito Egle 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionNeurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and stroke represent a substantial health burden to the world's ageing population. Cerebrovascular dysfunction is a key contributor to these conditions, affecting an individual's risk profile, age of onset, and severity of neurological disease. Recent data shows that early‐life events, such as maternal health during pregnancy, birth weight and exposure to environmental toxins can ‘prime’ the vascular system for later changes. With age, blood vessels can become less flexible and more prone to damage. This can lead to reduced blood flow to the brain, which is associated with cognitive decline and an increased risk of stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases. These in turn increase the risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease.ObjectivesWe aim to explore how early life factors influence cerebrovascular health, ageing and disease.MethodsWe have reviewed recently published literature from epidemiological studies, clinical cases and basic research which explore mechanisms that contribute to cerebrovascular and blood‐brain barrier dysfunction, with a particularly focus on those that assess contribution of early‐life events or vascular priming to subsequent injury.ResultsPerinatal events have been linked to acute cerebrovascular dysfunction and long‐term structural reorganisation. Systemic disease throughout the lifetime that produce inflammatory or oxidative stress may further sensitise the cerebrovasculature to disease and contribute to neurodegeneration.ConclusionsBy identifying these early‐life determinants and understanding their mechanisms, scientists aim to develop strategies for preventing or mitigating cerebrovascular ageing‐related issues.
Adopting strategies with menopausal experiences: A systematic review
Authors: Khandehroo Mansooreh , Peyman Nooshin , Mahdizadeh Mehrossadet , Salary Maryam , Tehrani Hadi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsMenopause is one of the most significant stages in women's life. It is accompanied by many complications and a serious challenge. This study aimed to assess the menopause experiences of Iranian women and compatibility strategies.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, Ovid, and the Iranian Clinical Trial Registry and Magiran, SID, from January 1990 to January 2021.ResultsPsychological effects, sexual disorders, physical problems, bone pain, insomnia, fatigue, and hot flashes are all menopause experiences. Cultural factors, lifestyle, social factors, education level, employment and economic status, marital status, and the number of pregnancies and births can influence this experience. It is important that menopausal women are aware how menopausal compatibility and prepare for this period. Many factors have affected menopausal adopting strategies. Negative emotions, negative attitudes, worry, and anxiety, and their psychological effects exacerbate the annoying experiences of menopause and decelerate menopausal adoption.ConclusionsSocial support and educational intervention were the practical menopausal adopting strategies. It will guarantee the health of menopausal women in the last third of their lives.
Investigation of heat and mass transport to free stream for Cross fluid flow past an expanding cylinder
Authors: Yadav Smit , Poply Vikas , Yadav Pardeep , Sharma Naresh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe investigation is about the effect of heat and mass transportation over a dragging out cylinder for Cross fluid flow in addition to free stream. This research is a notable effort to measure heat and mass transportation of the flow over an expanding cylinder with the imposition of the external flow. The system of complex partial differential equations is converted into highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The solution of the nonlinear system of equations is made with the numerical technique Runge‐Kutta fifth order just after the implementation of the shooting technique with suitable conditions. MATLAB solver bvp4c has solved the problem of the flow over stretching cylinder very efficiently and presents the facts in the form of the graphs and numerical values. The results claim that for the values of gamma parameter from 0.1 to 0.5 the rate of heat transfer increases by 14% on the other lambda with values from 0.1 to 0.3 the heat transfer rate declines 11%. For the growing values of Schmidt number from 1.0 to 5.0 the rate of mass transfer decreases by 85%. The rate of heat transfer has fallen by 86% for the improving values of the Prandtl number from 1, 2, and 3.