bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical negative pressure effects on coronary blood flow in a sternal wound model
Authors: Lindstedt Sandra , Malmsjö Malin , Gesslein Bodil , Ingemansson Richard 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSeveral studies have suggested that mediastinitis is a strong predictor for poor long‐term survival after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). In those studies, several conventional wound‐healing techniques were used. Previously, we have shown no difference in long‐term survival between CABG patients with topical negative pressure (TNP)‐treated mediastinitis and CABG patients without mediastinitis. The present study was designed to elucidate if TNP, applied over the myocardium, resulted in an increase of the total amount of coronary blood flow. Six pigs underwent median sternotomy. The coronary blood flow was measured, before and after the application of TNP (−50 mmHg), using coronary electromagnetic flow meter probes. Analyses were performed before left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion (normal myocardium) and after 20 minutes of LAD occlusion (ischaemic myocardium). Normal myocardium: 171·3 ± 14·5 ml/minute before to 206·3 ± 17·6 ml/minute after TNP application, P < 0·05. Ischaemic myocardium: 133·7 ± 18·4 ml/minute before to 183·2 ± 18·9 ml/minute after TNP application, P < 0·05. TNP of −50 mmHg applied over the LAD region induced a significant increase in the total coronary blood flow in both normal and ischaemic myocardium.
The pro‐inflammatory environment in recalcitrant diabetic foot wounds
Authors: Acosta Jorge Berlanga , Garcia del Barco Diana , Cibrian Vera Danay , Savigne William , Lopez‐Saura Pedro , Guillen Nieto Gerardo , Schultz Gregory S 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLower extremity ulceration is one of the serious and long‐term diabetic complications rendering a significant social burden in terms of amputation and quality‐of‐life reduction. Diabetic patients experience a substantial wound‐healing deficit. These lesions are featured by an exaggerated and prolonged inflammatory reaction with a significant impairment in local bacterial invasion control. Experimental and clinical evidences document the deleterious consequences of the wound’s pro‐inflammatory phenotype for the repair process. From a biochemical standpoint, hyperinflammation favours wound matrix degradation, thus, amplifying a pre‐existing granulation tissue productive cells’ invasiveness and recruitment deficit. Tumour necrosis factor perpetuates homing of inflammatory cells, triggers pro‐apoptotic genes and impairs reepithelialisation. Advanced glycation end‐products act in concert with inflammatory mediators and commit fibroblasts and vascular cells to apoptosis, contributing to granulation tissue demise. Therapeutic approaches aimed to downregulate hyperinflammation and/or attenuate glucolipotoxicity may assist in diabetic wound healing by dismantling downstream effectors. These medical interventions are demanded to reduce amputations in an expanding diabetic population.
Incidence of bullosis diabeticorum – a controversial cause of chronic foot ulceration
Authors: Larsen Kirsten , Jensen Tonny , Karlsmark Tonny , Holstein Per E 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBullosis diabeticorum (BD) is considered a rare and relatively harmless skin manifestation with tense blisters appearing rapidly and mostly on the feet. Most papers report only a few cases and the cause of the blisters is not known. We have experienced that the lesions are not so rare and may turn into chronic foot ulcers with complications. Retrospective study of 25 consecutive patients with 35 outbreaks and 93 bullae in a population of 5000 people with diabetes treated during a 3‐year period. The bullae were deroofed in order to examine the bulla base and treated as foot ulcers including debridement, antibiotics, bandage and protective footwear. The incidence of BD per year in the present diabetic population is 0·16%. In 29 outbreaks, there were hypoglycaemic episodes or highly varying blood glucose. Antibiotics were given in 17 of 35 episodes. Time to healing was as much as median 2·5 months (range 0·5–23 months). Two patients had minor amputations. BD should be well known to all members of diabetic foot care teams. Blood glucose control with special attention to hypoglycaemia at the time of eruption, deroofing of the bullae and foot ulcer care are recommended.
Improving patient outlook in rheumatoid arthritis: Experience with abatacept
Authors: Coughlin Mary 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurpose: To examine the importance of improving patient outlook in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to discuss the role of the nurse practitioner (NP) who, through the assessment of patient‐reported outcomes and in acting as an advocate for the patient with the wider healthcare team, has a crucial part to play in managing the overall well‐being of the patient. This article will draw on the clinical experience to date with abatacept, a first‐in‐class therapy that has been approved for the treatment of RA in patients with an inadequate response to either traditional disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as methotrexate, or biological DMARDs, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α antagonists.Data sources: A comprehensive literature search was performed using the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and BIOSIS databases (restricted to articles posted between January 2000 and February 2007) with the search terms CTLA‐4Ig, abatacept, and primary clinical trial publications in patients with RA. The clinical data are summarized in this review along with safety data presented in the prescribing information.Conclusions: Recent changes in the approach to RA treatment, particularly the advent of biological therapies, have impacted the role of the NP. The role of the NP is integral to the management of RA and in maximizing patient outcomes, through educating patients to make informed choices regarding their treatment, ensuring the safe administration of therapies and monitoring response to therapy, and in acting as an advocate for the patient within the wider healthcare team.Implications for practice: The use of more patient‐centered measures of response are gaining increasing importance both in clinical trials and in clinical practice, and as such the NP has an important role in ensuring that both the physical and the psychological needs of patients are met. Clinical trials to date have shown that abatacept provides significant and clinically meaningful improvements in patient‐reported outcomes, as well as demonstrating significant clinical benefits and a consistent safety profile, thus representing a valuable treatment option within the RA treatment armamentarium.
Second language learning in a family nurse practitioner and nurse midwifery diversity education project
Authors: Kelley Frances J. , Klopf Maria Ignacia 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurpose: To describe the Clinical Communication Program developed to integrate second language learning (L2), multimedia, Web‐based technologies, and the Internet in an advanced practice nursing education program.Data sources: Electronic recording devices as well as audio, video editing, Web design, and programming software were used as tools for developing L2 scenarios for practice in clinical settings.Conclusions: The Clinical Communication Program offers opportunities to support both students and faculty members to develop their linguistic and cultural competence skills to serve better their patients, in general, and their students who speak a language other than English, in particular. The program provided 24 h on‐demand access for using audio, video, and text exercises via the Internet.Implications for practice: L2 education for healthcare providers includes linguistic (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) experiences as well as cultural competence and practices inside and outside the classroom environment as well as online and offline the Internet realm.
Real-Time PCR with an Internal Control for Detection of All Known Human Adenovirus Serotypes
Authors: Damen Marjolein , Minnaar René , Glasius Patricia , van der Ham Alwin , Koen Gerrit , Wertheim Pauline , Beld Marcel 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT
The “gold standard” for the diagnosis of adenovirus (AV) infection is virus culture, which is rather time-consuming. Especially for immunocompromised patients, in whom severe infections with AV have been described, rapid diagnosis is important. Therefore, an internally controlled AV real-time PCR assay detecting all known human AV serotypes was developed. Primers were chosen from the hexon region, which is the most conserved region, and in order to cover all known serotypes, degenerate primers were used. The internal control (IC) DNA contained the same primer binding sites as the AV DNA control but had a shuffled probe region compared to the conserved 24-nucleotide consensus AV hexon probe region (the target). The IC DNA was added to the clinical sample in order to monitor extraction and PCR efficiency. The sensitivity and the linearity of the AV PCR were determined. For testing the specificity of this PCR assay for human AVs, a selection of 51 AV prototype strains and 66 patient samples positive for other DNA viruses were tested. Moreover, a comparison of the AV PCR method described herein with culture and antigen (Ag) detection was performed with a selection of 151 clinical samples. All 51 AV serotypes were detected in the selection of AV prototype strains. Concordant results from culture or Ag detection and PCR were found for 139 (92.1%) of 151 samples. In 12 cases (7.9%), PCR was positive while the culture was negative. In conclusion, a sensitive, internally controlled nonnested AV real-time PCR assay which is able to detect all known AV serotypes with higher sensitivity than a culture or Ag detection method was developed.
Performance of a Novel Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Total Nucleic Acid-Based Real-Time PCR Assay Using Whole Blood and Dried Blood Spots for Diagnosis of HIV in Infants
Authors: Stevens Wendy , Erasmus Linda , Moloi Matsidisho , Taleng Thabo , Sarang Somaya 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT
The new Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 Qual test offers advanced automation for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA and DNA in dried blood spots (DBS) and whole blood. An analytical evaluation using an HIV-1 secondary standard yielded limits of detection of 514, 710, and 1,090 HIV RNA copies/ml for EDTA plasma, whole blood, and DBS, respectively. The precision and reproducibility of HIV-1 detection was equivalent for DBS and whole blood. Inclusivity was demonstrated for a reference panel of HIV-1 subtypes A to N. A clinical evaluation of the Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 Qual test was performed at a center for routine diagnostics in Johannesburg, South Africa, using 1,013 clinical specimens from HIV-1 exposed children. The Amplicor HIV-1 DNA test v1.5 with the MagNApure DNA isolation procedure was used as the reference method. A total of 995 valid results for whole blood with both methods yielded 691 and 303 concordant negative and positive results for the Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 Qual test, respectively. For the 800 valid DBS specimen results, 495 and 300 concordant negative and positive results were obtained, respectively. The resulting clinical specificities and sensitivities of the new test were 100% and 99.7% for whole blood and DBS, respectively. The new test was characterized by its robustness, enhanced automation, and improved sample throughput. The Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 Qual test will support early, reliable diagnosis of HIV in children in routine laboratory settings.
Two Cases of Necrotizing Fasciitis Due toAcinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Charnot-Katsikas Angella , Dorafshar Amir H. , Aycock Joyce K. , David Michael Z. , Weber Stephen G. , Frank Karen M. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTNecrotizing fasciitis has conventionally been associated with the streptococci, and when it is caused by other organisms, it is most often the result of a polymicrobial infection. We report on two cases of fatal monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis due toAcinetobacter baumannii, an unusual finding that may be an indication of enhanced virulence of the organism.
Survival of
Acanthamoeba
Cysts after Desiccation for More than 20 Years
Authors: Sriram Rama , Shoff Megan , Booton Gregory , Fuerst Paul , Visvesvara Govinda S. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Acanthamoeba
is a free-living ameba that is found throughout the world and that causes encephalitis, keratitis, and cutaneous infections in humans. It has two stages in its life cycle: a trophic stage and a resistant cyst stage. We describe here the ability of
Acanthamoeba
cysts to survive desiccation for more than 20 years.
Ross River Virus Envelope Glycans Contribute to Type I Interferon Production in Myeloid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Shabman Reed S. , Rogers Kristin M. , Heise Mark T. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT
Alphaviruses are mosquito-transmitted viruses that cause significant human disease, and understanding how these pathogens successfully transition from the mosquito vector to the vertebrate host is an important area of research. Previous studies demonstrated that mosquito and mammalian-cell-derived alphaviruses differentially induce type I interferons (alpha/beta interferon [IFN-α/β]) in myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), where the mosquito cell-derived virus is a poor inducer of IFN-α/β compared to the mammalian-cell-derived virus. Furthermore, the reduced IFN-α/β induction by the mosquito cell-derived virus is attributed to differential N-linked glycosylation (29). To further evaluate the role of viral envelope glycans in regulating the IFN-α/β response, studies were performed to assess whether the mosquito cell-derived virus actively inhibits IFN-α/β induction or is simply a poor inducer of IFN-α/β. Coinfection studies using mammalian- and mosquito cell-derived Ross River virus (mam-RRV and mos-RRV, respectively) indicated that mos-RRV was unable to suppress IFN-α/β induction by mam-RRV in mDC cultures. Additionally, a panel of mutant viruses lacking either individual or multiple N-linked glycosylation sites was used to demonstrate that N-linked glycans were essential for high-level IFN-α/β induction by the mammalian-cell-derived virus. These results suggest that the failure of the mosquito cell-derived virus to induce IFN-α/β is due to a lack of complex carbohydrates on the virion rather than the active suppression of the DC antiviral response.
BALB/
Mtv
-Null Mice Responding to Strong Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Superantigens Restrict Mammary Tumorigenesis
Authors: Bhadra Sanchita , Lozano Mary M. , Dudley Jaquelin P. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

The absence of endogenous mouse mammary tumor viruses (MMTVs) in the congenic mouse strain, BALB/
Mtv
-null, restricts the early steps of exogenous C3H MMTV infection, preventing the superantigen (Sag) response and mammary tumorigenesis. Here we demonstrate that BALB/
Mtv
-null mice also resist tumor induction by FM MMTV, which encodes a stronger Sag compared to C3H MMTV. In contrast to infections with C3H MMTV,
Mtv
-null mice show FM-MMTV Sag-specific responses comparable to those observed in susceptible BALB/c mice. Neither virus shows significant replication in the spleen or mammary gland. Thus,
Mtv
-null mice restrict MMTV replication and mammary tumorigenesis even after a robust Sag response.
New Two-Photon Activated Photodynamic Therapy Sensitizers Induce Xenograft Tumor Regressions after Near-IR Laser Treatment through the Body of the Host Mouse
Authors: Starkey Jean R. , Rebane Aleksander K. , Drobizhev Mikhail A. , Meng Fanqing , Gong Aijun , Elliott Aleisha , McInnerney Kate , Spangler Charles W. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to show that novel photodynamic therapy (PDT) sensitizers can be activated by two-photon absorption in the near-IR region of the spectrum and to show, for the first time, that such activation can lead to tumor regressions at significant tissue depth. These experiments also evaluated effects of high-energy femtosecond pulsed laser irradiation on normal tissues and characterized the response of xenograft tumors to our PDT protocols.
Experimental Design: Human small cell lung cancer (NCI-H69), non-small cell lung cancer (A549), and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) xenografts were induced in SCID mice. Irradiation of sensitized tumors was undertaken through the bodies of tumor-bearing mice to give a treatment depth of 2 cm. Posttreatment tumor regressions and histopathology were carried out to determine the nature of the response to these new PDT agents. Microarray expression profiles were conducted to assess the similarity of responses to single and two-photon activated PDT.
Results: Regressions of all tumor types tested were seen. Histopathology was consistent with known PDT effects, and no, or minimal, changes were noted in irradiated normal tissues. Cluster analysis of microarray expression profiling showed reproducible changes in transcripts associated with apoptosis, stress, oxygen transport, and gene regulation.
Conclusions: These new PDT sensitizers can be used at a depth of 2 cm to produce excellent xenograft regressions. The tumor response was consistent with known responses to single-photon activated PDT. Experiments in larger animals are warranted to determine the maximal achievable depth of treatment.
Antiapoptotic Activity of Autocrine Interleukin-22 and Therapeutic Effects of Interleukin-22-Small Interfering RNA on Human Lung Cancer Xenografts
Authors: Zhang Weici , Chen Yongyan , Wei Haiming , Zheng Chaogu , Sun Rui , Zhang Jian , Tian Zhigang 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Purpose: Non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is one of most common malignant diseases and usually is resistant against apoptosis-inducing chemotherapy. This study is to explore the antiapoptotic mechanisms of interleukin (IL)-22 in human lung cancer.
Experimental Design: Nineteen cases with stage I to III NSCLC were collected to determine the expression of IL-22. Stable transfection of human IL-22 cDNA into A549 and PG cells and transfection of IL-22-RNA interference (RNAi) into these cancer cell lines were done to reveal the molecular mechanisms of IL-22.
Results: It was found that IL-22 was highly expressed in primary tumor tissue, malignant pleural effusion, and serum of patients with NSCLC. IL-22R1 mRNA was also detected in lung cancer tissues as well as lung cancer cell lines. Overexpression of IL-22 protected lung cancer cell lines from serum starvation-induced and chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis via activation of STAT3 and its downstream antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and inactivation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Exposure to blocking antibodies against IL-22R1 or transfection with the IL-22-RNAi plasmid in vitro resulted in apoptosis of these lung cancer cells via STAT3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathways. Furthermore, an in vivo xenograft study showed that administration of IL-22-RNAi plasmids significantly inhibited the human tumor cell growth in BALB/c nude mice.
Conclusions: Our study indicates that autocrine production of IL-22 contributes to human lung cancer cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy through the up-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins.
Overexpression of 5-Lipoxygenase in Colon Polyps and Cancer and the Effect of 5-LOX Inhibitors In vitro and in a Murine Model
Authors: Melstrom Laleh G. , Bentrem David J. , Salabat Mohammad R. , Kennedy Timothy J. , Ding Xian-Zhong , Strouch Matthew , Rao Sambasiva M. , Witt Richard C. , Ternent Charles A. , Talamonti Mark S. , Bell Richard H. , Adrian Thomas A. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Purpose: Arachidonic acid metabolism via the cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathways modulates cell growth and apoptosis. Many studies have examined the effects of COX inhibitors on human colorectal cancer, but the role of 5-LOX in colonic cancer development has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of 5-LOX in colonic polyps and cancer and the effect of 5-LOX inhibition on colon cancer cell proliferation.
Experimental Design: Colonic polyps, cancer, and normal mucosa were evaluated for 5-LOX expression by immunohistochemistry. Reverse transcription-PCR was used to establish 5-LOX expression in colon cancer cells. Thymidine incorporation and cell counts were used to determine the effect of the nonspecific LOX inhibitor Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid and the 5-LOX inhibitor Rev5901 on DNA synthesis. A heterotopic xenograft model in athymic mice using HT29 and LoVo human colon cancer cells was used to evaluate the effect of the 5-LOX inhibitor zileuton on tumor growth.
Results: 5-LOX is overexpressed in adenomatous polyps and cancer compared with that of normal colonic mucosa. LOX inhibition and 5-LOX inhibition decreased DNA synthesis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in the Lovo cell line (P &lt; 0.05). Inhibition of 5-LOX in an in vivo colon cancer xenograft model inhibited tumor growth compared with that of controls (P &lt; 0.05).
Conclusions: This study showed that 5-LOX is up-regulated in adenomatous colon polyps and cancer compared with normal colonic mucosa. The blockade of 5-LOX inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo and may prove a beneficial chemopreventive therapy in colon cancer.
The Type 1 Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor Pathway
Authors: Chitnis Meenali M. , Yuen John S.P. , Protheroe Andrew S. , Pollak Michael , Macaulay Valentine M. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Research conducted over the past two decades has shown the importance of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and resistance to existing forms of cancer therapy. The IGF1R itself has only recently been accepted as a credible treatment target, however, perhaps reflecting the potential problems for drug design posed by normal tissue IGF1R expression, and close homology with the insulin receptor. Currently ∼12 anti-IGF1R therapeutics are undergoing clinical evaluation, including blocking antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review will summarize the principal signaling pathways activated by IGF1R and the preclinical data that validated this receptor as a treatment target. We will review clinical progress in the testing of IGF1R inhibitory drug candidates, the relative benefits and potential toxicities of coinhibition of the insulin receptor, and the rationale for combining IGF1R blockade with other cancer treatments. An understanding of IGF1R signaling is important because it will guide the incorporation of appropriate molecular markers into clinical trial design. This will be key to the identification of patients most likely to benefit, and so will influence the ability of IGF1R inhibition to make the transition from experimental intervention to clinical therapy.