bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Markers of mRNA stabilization and degradation, and RNAi within astrocytoma GW bodies
Authors: Moser Joanna J. , Eystathioy Theophany , Chan Edward K.L. , Fritzler Marvin J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractGW bodies (GWBs) are unique cytoplasmic structures that contain the mRNA binding protein GW182 and other proteins involved in mRNA processing pathways. The rationale for this study arose from clinical studies indicating that 33% of patients with GWB autoantibodies have a motor/sensory neuropathy and/or ataxia. The novelty of this study is the identification of GWBs in astrocytes and astrocytoma cells within cell bodies and cytoplasmic projections. Astrocytoma GWBs exhibit complex heterogeneity with combinations of LSm4 and XRN1 as well as Ago2 and Dicer, key proteins involved in mRNA degradation and RNA interference, respectively. GWB subsets contained the mRNA transport and stabilization proteins SYNCRIP, hnRNPA1, and FMRP, not previously described as part of the GWB complex. Immunoprecipitation of astrocytoma GWBs suggested that Dicer, hDcp, LSm4, XRN1, SYNCRIP, and FMRP form a multiprotein complex. GWBs are likely involved in a number of regulatory mRNA pathways in astrocytes and astrocytoma cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid promoter analysis in developing mouse brain and genetic labeling of young neurons by doublecortin‐DsRed‐express
Authors: Wang Xiuyun , Qiu Runxiang , Tsark Walter , Lu Qiang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCharacterization of neural promoter/enhancers is essential for understanding gene regulation during brain development and provides useful genetic tools. However, it relies on the use of transgenic mice. We report a method for the rapid in vivo analysis of neural promoter/enhancers in the developing mouse brain and its application in the isolation of the doublecortin (DCX) promoter/enhancer for genetic labeling of young neurons. In the present study, we demonstrated that reporter genes introduced into the developing mouse cerebral cortex by in utero electroporation can achieve promoter/enhancer‐specific patterns of expression. We used the in utero electroporation system to isolate a genomic fragment of the doublecortin gene that can direct reporter expression faithful to doublecortin in young neurons of the cerebral cortex. Finally, we showed that the DCX promoter identified via electroporation could reproduce doublecortin expression in the entire central nervous system in DCX‐DsRed‐express transgenic mice. The results of our study provide a convenient, reliable, and rapid method for in vivo analysis of neural promoter/enhancers in the developing mouse brain. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neocortical plasticity deficits in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Lessons from barrel and visual cortex
Authors: Medina Alexandre E. , Krahe Thomas E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is characterized by a constellation of behavioral and physiological abnormalities, including learning and sensory deficits. There is growing evidence that abnormalities of neuronal plasticity underlie these deficits. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which prenatal alcohol exposure disrupts neuronal plasticity remain elusive. Recently, studies with the barrel and the visual cortex as models to study the effects of early alcohol exposure on neuronal plasticity shed light on this subject. In this Mini‐Review, we discuss the effects of ethanol exposure during development on neuronal plasticity and suggest environmental and pharmacological approaches to ameliorate these problems. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinct spatial and temporal activation of caspase pathways in neurons and glial cells after excitotoxic damage to the immature rat brain
Authors: Villapol Sonia , Acarin Laia , Faiz Maryam , Castellano Bernardo , Gonzalez Berta 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAlthough cleaved caspase‐3 is known to be involved in apoptotic cell death mechanisms in neurons, it can also be involved in a nonapoptotic role in astrocytes after postnatal excitotoxic injury. Here we evaluate participation of upstream pathways activating caspase‐3 in neurons and glial cells, by studying the intrinsic pathway via caspase‐9, the extrinsic pathway via caspase‐8, and activation of the p53‐dependent pathway. N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) was injected intracortically in 9‐day‐old postnatal rats, which were sacrificed at several survival times between 4 hr postlesion (pl) and 7 days pl. We analyzed temporal and spatial expression of caspase‐8, caspase‐9, and p53 and correlation with neuronal and glial markers and caspase‐3 activation. Caspase‐9 was significantly activated at 10 hpl, strongly correlating with caspase‐3. It was present mainly in damaged cortical and hippocampal neurons but was also seen in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in layer VI and corpus callosum (cc). Caspase‐8 showed a diminished correlation with caspase‐3. It was present in cortical neurons at 10–72 hpl, showing layer specificity, and also in astroglial and microglial nuclei, mainly in layer VI and cc. p53 Expression increased at 10–72 hpl but did not correlate with caspase‐3. p53 Was seen in neurons of the degenerating cortex and in some astrocytes and microglial cells of layer VI and cc. In conclusion, after neonatal excitotoxicity, mainly the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway mediates neuronal caspase‐3 and cell death. In astrocytes, caspase‐3 is not widely correlated with caspase‐8, caspase‐9, or p53, except in layer VI‐cc astrocytes, where activation of upstream cascades occurs. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predicting summer rainfall in the Yangtze River basin with neural networks
Authors: Hartmann Heike , Becker Stefan , King Lorenz 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSummer rainfall in the Yangtze River basin is predicted using neural network techniques. Input variables (predictors) for the neural network are the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), the East Atlantic/Western Russia (EA/WR) pattern, the Scandinavia (SCA) pattern, the Polar/Eurasia (POL) pattern and several indices calculated from sea surface temperatures (SST), sea level pressures (SLP) and snow data from December to April for the period from 1993 to 2002. The output variable of the neural network is rainfall from May to September for the period from 1994 to 2002, which was previously classified into six different regions by means of a principal component analysis (PCA). Rainfall is predicted from May to September 2002.The winter SST and SLP indices are identified to be the most important predictors of summer rainfall in the Yangtze River basin. The Tibetan Plateau snow depth, the SOI and the other teleconnection indices seem to be of minor importance for an accurate prediction. This may be the result of the length of the available time series, which does not allow a deeper analysis of the impact of multi‐annual oscillations.The neural network algorithms proved to be capable of explaining most of the rainfall variability in the Yangtze River basin. For five out of six regions, our predictions explain at least 77% of the total variance of the measured rainfall. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Mass balance of a slope glacier on Kilimanjaro and its sensitivity to climate
Authors: Mölg Thomas , Cullen Nicolas J. , Hardy Douglas R. , Kaser G. , Klok L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMeteorological and glaciological measurements obtained at 5873 m a.s.l. on Kersten Glacier, a slope glacier on the southern flanks of Kilimanjaro, are used to run a physically‐based mass balance model for the period February 2005 to January 2006. This shows that net shortwave radiation is the most variable energy flux at the glacier‐atmosphere interface, governed by surface albedo. The majority of the mass loss (∼65%) is due to sublimation (direct conversion of snow/ice to water vapour), with melting of secondary importance. Sensitivity experiments reveal that glacier mass balance is 2–4 times more sensitive to a 20% precipitation change than to a 1 °C air temperature change. These figures also hold when the model is run with input data representative of a longer term (1979–2004) mean period. Results suggest that a regional‐scale moisture projection for the 21st century is crucial to a physically‐based prediction of glacier retention on Africa's highest mountain. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
A Middle Weichselian interstadial lake deposit on Sejerø, Denmark: macrofossil studies and dating
Authors: Bennike Ole , Houmark‐Nielsen Michael , Wiberg‐Larsen Peter 
Published: July 2007

AbstractStudies of lake sediments on Sejerø in southern Kattegat indicate a treeless arctic environment with the dwarf shrub Salix polaris, herbs and wetland mosses. The mean July temperature was around 8 to 10°C. An AMS radiocarbon age determination of a Salix twig yielded an age of around 36 000 14C yr BP, which is in accordance with previous conventional dating of bulk sediment samples. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collisionally induced dephasing and rotational energy transfer in the CO2 Fermi dyad ‘blue’ Q‐branch 1388 cm−1
Authors: Arakcheev V. G. , Kireev V. V. , Morozov V. B. , Olenin A. N. , Tunkin V. G. , Valeev A. A. , Yakovlev D. V. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper we present a comparative analysis of two alternative approaches to the description of the rotational energy transfer (RET) in the ‘blue’ (1388 cm−1) Q‐branch of the CO2ν1/2ν2 Fermi dyad based on the simplified spectral exchange (SE) and rotational relaxation (RR) models. The analysis was carried out using a special approximation error minimization procedure for fitting the theoretical model to experimental impulse responses obtained by time‐domain CARS at low and moderate densities. At densities ρ≥ 1 amagat, the collisional dephasing (CD) contribution to the linewidth substantially prevails over the width attributed to the rotational structure. The impulse response beating analysis and the fitting results clearly proved that in contrast to the ‘red’ (1285 cm−1) band, the SE model is more appropriate in comparison with the RR model for a description of the RET in the ‘blue’ Q‐branch. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Challenges in the nutrition of organic pigs
Authors: Zollitsch Werner 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe need to develop feeding strategies for organic pig husbandry is discussed. Successful performance of the farming system can only be achieved if the production process is optimised and controlled and essential inputs are available. When monogastric livestock such as pigs are integrated into an organic farming system, some nutritional inputs may be scarce. In the nutrition of organic pigs, two areas might be identified as the most important challenges: (1) balancing the supply and requirements of essential amino acids without relying too much on external feedstuffs and (2) developing and implementing nutritional concepts which help to improve animal health status. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Rationally Designing Molecularly Imprinted Polymer towards Predetermined High Selectivity by Using Metal as Assembled Pivot
Authors: Li Songjun , Liao Cong , Li Wuke , Chen Yifeng , Hao Xiao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article presents an original work aiming at rationally designing a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) towards high selective recognition. Assembled with (S)‐naproxen as a template and 4‐vinylpyridine as a functional monomer, a certain amount of cobalt, as pivot, is added for the preparation of MIP. The result indicates that the use of pivot plays obviously a positive role in increasing the specificity of MIP, so as to adsorb more for the template and less for its enantiomer. Related information indicates that this, in logic, can be a result of increasing match between binding sites and the templates, which makes the polymer capable of selectively recognizing the imprint species.magnified image
Water‐Soluble pH‐Responsive Dendritic Core‐Shell Nanocarriers for Polar Dyes Based on Poly(ethylene imine)
Authors: Xu Shangjie , Luo Ying , Haag Rainer 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA simple general synthetic concept to build dendritic core‐shell architectures with pH‐labile linkers based on hyperbranched PEI cores and biocompatible PEG shells is presented. Using these dendritic core‐shell architectures as nanocarriers, the encapsulation and transport of polar dyes of different sizes is studied. The results show that the acid‐labile nanocarriers exhibit much higher transport capacities for dyes than unfunctionalized hyperbranched PEI. The cleavage of imine bonds and controlled release of the polar dyes revealed that weak acidic condition (pH ≈ 5.0) could cleave the imine bonds linker and release the dyes up to five times faster than neutral conditions (pH = 7.4).magnified image
Cation‐Dependent Switching of DNA Nanostructures
Authors: He Yu , Tian Ye , Chen Yi , Ye Tao , Mao Chengde 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDNA is a versatile building material for nanoconstruction because of its remarkable molecular‐recognition capability and well‐predicted duplex conformation. A number of DNA motifs have been engineered, which can assemble into well‐defined nanostructures in Mg2+‐containing buffer solution. XRD studies reveal that the DNA conformation is slightly influenced by divalent cations (such as Mg2+ or Ca2+). This phenomenon can be utilized in DNA self‐assembly for regulating self‐assembled DNA nanostructures. As an initial step, a symmetric cross motif forms flat, periodic, 2D lattices in Mg2+‐containing solutions, but long nanofibers in Ca2+‐containing solutions. The obtained DNA fibers can serve as templates to fabricate CaCO3 nanotubes and nanowires.magnified image
Synthesis and Properties of Amphiphilic Star Polysulfides
Authors: Wang Lei , Kilcher Giona , Tirelli Nicola 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe here present the synthesis and characterisation of linear and star‐shaped amphiphilic block copolymers based on hydrophobic polysulfides (poly(propylene sulfide), PPS) and hydrophilic polyethers (poly(ethylene glycol), PEG). We also discuss the proof of the principle of their responsiveness to oxidising conditions. In a water environment, these polymers aggregate in the form of sub‐micron carriers that, due to the sensitivity to oxidation reactions typical of PPS, can be used for responsive drug delivery. In this first study we have focused on the study of large aggregates, which do not apparently show dramatic differences in behaviour when polymer chains with different degrees of branching are studied.magnified image
Self Assembly and Optical Properties of Dendrimer Nanocomposite Multilayers
Authors: Balogh Lajos P. , Redmond Shawn M. , Balogh Peter , Tang Houxiang , Martin David C. , Rand Stephen C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractUltrathin multilayers are important for electrical and optical devices, as well as for immunoassays, artificial organs, and for controlling surface properties. The construction of ultrathin multilayer films by electrostatic layer‐by‐layer deposition proved to be a popular and successful method to create films with a range of electrical, optical, and biological properties. Dendrimer nanocomposites (DNCs) form highly uniform hybrid (inorganic–organic) nanoparticles with controlled composition and architecture. In this work, the fabrication, characterization, and optical properties of ultrathin dendrimer/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and silver–DNC/PSS nanocomposite multilayers using layer‐by‐layer (LbL) electrostatic assembly techniques are described. UV‐vis spectra of the multilayers were found to be a combination of electronic transitions of the surface plasmon peaks, and the regular frequency modulations attributable to the multilayered film structure. The modulations appeared as the consequence of the highly regular and non‐intermixed multilayer growth as a function of the resulting structure. A simple model to explain the experimental data is presented. Use of DNCs in multilayers results in abrupt, flat, and uniform interfaces.magnified image
Measuring and exploring symbolic money meanings
Authors: Rose Gregory M. , Orr Linda M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper develops a scale to explore the symbolic meanings of money. Individual differences in the meanings and uses of money represent a fundamental issue in marketing, potentially influencing a wide variety of behaviors. Four dimensions were found based on a literature review and subsequent testing. Achievement and status, respectively, examine the extent that an individual perceives money as a marker of accomplishment or prestige. Worry examines the extent that a person feels anxious about money, whereas security examines the extent that an individual values money as a means of protection from an uncertain future. These dimensions are theoretically grounded, empirically tested, and potentially serve as a bridge between more general personal values and more specific consumer behaviors. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural and spectral assignment of a new diterpenoid isolated from Ballota undulata and a complete 1H and 13C NMR data assignment for three other structurally related compounds
Authors: Hussein Ahmed A. , Jimeno María L. , Rodríguez Benjamín 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe structure of 3β‐hydroxyballotinone, a new labdane diterpenoid isolated from Ballota undulata, has been established by NMR spectroscopic studies. In addition, complete and unambiguous assignments of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of three other already known labdanes (ballotinone, ballonigrin and ballonigrinone) isolated from the same source have been achieved. The assignments are based on 2D shift‐correlated 1H1H COSY, 1H13C gHSQC [1J(C,H)] and 1H13C gHMBC [nJ(C,H) (n = 2 and 3)], and NOE experiments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SPEED: single‐point evaluation of the evolution dimension
Authors: Kupče Eriks , Freeman Ray 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTwo‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy can be speeded up by orders of magnitude by severely restricting the number of sampling operations in the evolution dimension–we demonstrate that just a single measurement may suffice. The frequencies evolving in the indirect dimension (t1) are deduced from the amplitudes of the signals acquired in the direct dimension (t2). Prior measurements of the one‐dimensional spectra are required. Results are presented for the two‐dimensional 13C‐HSQC spectrum of 2‐ethylindanone recorded at a single fixed setting of the evolution time, demonstrating a speed advantage of 120. The method can be extended to multidimensional spectra, with correspondingly greater gains in speed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical analysis of 13C and 15N NMR chemical shifts from GIAO/B3LYP/6‐311 + + G** calculated absolute shieldings
Authors: Blanco Fernando , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe 13C and 15N absolute shieldings of 28 compounds have been calculated at the GIAO/B3LYP/6‐311 + + G** level to complete a collection of data already published. This has allowed us to devise new equations relating δ and σ for these nuclei based on 461 points (13C) and 70(72) points (15N). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
H(C)P and H(P)C triple‐resonance experiments at natural abundance employing long‐range couplings
Authors: Maloň Michal , Koshino Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractModified two‐dimensional (2D) triple‐resonance H(C)P and H(P)C experiments based on INEPT/HMQC and double‐INEPT schemes are applied to the study of organophosphorus compounds at natural abundances. The implementation of effective 1H13C gradient selection, additional purging pulsed field gradients, spinlock pulses, and improved phase cycling is demonstrated to allow weak correlation signals based on long‐range couplings to be readily observed. Through the combination of two heteronuclear long‐range coupling constants, nJCH and nJPC in H(C)P experiments or nJPH and nJPC in H(P)C experiments, protons can be correlated to a second heteronucleus through 4–7 chemical bonds. These experiments thus overcome the inherit limitations of classical 1H‐X HMBC experiments, which require a nonzero value of the heteronuclear coupling constant nJXH. Ultra‐broadband inversion composite pulses are successfully employed in the H(P)C INEPT/HMQC and H(P)C double‐INEPT pulse sequences to increase the utility of the experiments and the quality of obtained spectra. This work extends and completes a set of 2D phase‐sensitive triple‐resonance experiments applicable at natural abundances, and also offers insight into the methodology of triple‐resonance experiments and the application of pulsed field gradients. A one‐dimensional triple‐resonance experiment employing carbon detection is suggested for accurate determination of small nJPC. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agroecosystem modeling and optimal economic decisions: Implications for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Bond Craig A. , Farzin Y. Hossein 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe adapt a biogeochemical model of an agroecosystem to account for optimal economic behavior on the part of agricultural producers. Two institutional management regimes are considered: one in which a representative producer does not account for stock pollution caused by use of agricultural inputs, and one in which the externality is internalized. Comparative statics of the steady state of the former problem are analyzed in order to gain insight into the effects of potential policy and technological changes. Results show that a more realistic ecosystem component that includes nutrient cycling can qualitatively change optimal management practices relative to a one‐state representation, potentially rendering systems ‘unsustainable’ under some criteria and leading to policy instruments that exacerbate, rather than mitigate, external damages or the resource base. Moreover, the qualitative effect of changes in model parameters are not necessarily uniform across different agricultural systems, implying that a prescription for the so‐called ‘sustainable’ management under one system may have unintended consequences under another system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Phase 1 and pharmacokinetic clinical trial of paclitaxel for the treatment of refractory leukemia in children: A Children's Oncology Group study
Authors: Horton Terzah M. , Ames Matthew M. , Reid Joel M. , Krailo Mark D. , Pendergrass Thomas , Mosher Revonda , Reaman Gregory H. , Seibel Nita L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundThis report summarizes a phase 1 study conducted by the Children's Cancer Group (CCG) to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs), pharmacokinetics, and anti‐leukemia activity of paclitaxel in children with advanced stage leukemias.ProcedureThis study examined two dose escalation schedules of intravenous paclitaxel. Doses ranged from 250 to 500 mg/m2 every 21 days in schedule A and 105 to 200 mg/m2 weekly × 3 every 28 days in schedule B. Serial plasma samples for pharmacokinetic studies were obtained after the first paclitaxel dose.ResultsSixty‐three patients (median 10 years) with refractory or relapsed leukemia (ALL) (n = 39), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n = 19), biphenotypic (n = 4), and JCML (n = 1)) were enrolled. The DLTs in schedule A were grade 4 hypertension and hyperbilirubinemia with an MTD of 430 mg/m2 every 21 days. The DLTs in schedule B were coagulopathy, hyperkalemia, hyperbilirubinemia, elevated SGOT (n = 1, 125 mg/m2), peripheral neuropathy (n = 1, 200 mg/m2), and typhlitis (n = 1, 200 mg/m2) with an MTD of 182 mg/m2 weekly × 3 every 28 days. Among 54 evaluable patients, there was one complete response (CR), three partial responses (PR), and five patients with stable disease (SD). The mean terminal elimination half‐life was 9.5 ± 3.4 hr and the mean plasma clearance was 23 ± 11 L/hr/m2.ConclusionsPaclitaxel was tolerated at 430 mg/m2 every 21 days and at 182 mg/m2/dose weekly × 3 every 28 days in pediatric patients. The objective response rate across all dose levels and schedules was <10%. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:788–792. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.