bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does supply chain management strategy mediate the association between market orientation and organizational performance?
Authors: Green Kenneth W. , McGaughey Ron , Casey K. Michael 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this research was to examine the link between supply chain management (SCM), market orientation, and organizational success, and to develop a model that describes the relationship among the three.Design/methodology/approachA survey of sales managers within large US manufacturers was used to collect data about market orientation, SCM strategy, and organizational performance. Five hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe resulting model suggests that a manufacturing firm's SCM strategy mediates the relationship between its market orientation and organizational success.Research limitations/implicationsPerhaps the most serious limitation of this study was its narrow focus on US manufacturing companies, thus precluding the generalization of findings to other sectors such as service and government sectors that may benefit from a market orientation and sound SCM strategy.Practical implicationsThe study findings reinforce the importance of a market orientation for firms in the manufacturing sector, and likewise the importance of a sound SCM strategy. The success of firms depends on their ability to satisfy customers. Since market orientation is positively related to organizational success, and SCM strategy helps facilitate market orientation, top managers should view effective SCM as key in meeting customer needs to achieve long run success.Originality/valueThis paper examines the relationships among SCM strategy, market orientation and organizational success and is the first empirical research to propose a model of those relationships. Researchers can use the findings herein to generate ideas for future studies, and top managers can glean important knowledge about how effective SCM impacts organizational performance.
A structural model of fashion‐oriented impulse buying behavior
Authors: Joo Park Eun , Young Kim Eun , Cardona Forney Judith 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThis study aims to examine the causal relationships among fashion involvement, positive emotion, hedonic consumption tendency, and fashion‐oriented impulse buying in the context of shopping.Design/methodology/approachA self‐administered questionnaire developed from the literature was administered to 217 college students during a scheduled class. They were enrolled at one metropolitan university in a southwestern state in the USA. A structural equation model using a correlation matrix with maximum likelihood was estimated by LISREL 8.53.FindingsFashion involvement and positive emotion had positive effects on consumers' fashion‐oriented impulse buying behavior with fashion involvement having the greatest effect. Hedonic consumption tendency was an important mediator in determining fashion‐oriented impulse buying.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was limited to college students at one metropolitan university in a southwestern state in the USA and to general fashion products.Practical implicationsRetailers may encourage consumers' positive emotion through strategies such as store design, product displays, package design, and sales. A focus on entertainment, interest, and excitement may be as important as getting the right mix of merchandise and pricing. Other retail strategies might be to stress the relative rationality and non‐economic rewards of impulse buying in advertising efforts; to make impulse purchases more risk free through convenient return policies; and to increase enablers such as offering credit and extending store hours.Originality/valueFew studies exist for predicting fashion‐oriented impulse buying behavior. This study addresses the need to examine impulse buying behavior related to fashion products.
Factors of dress affecting self‐esteem in older females
Authors: Joung Hyun‐Mee , Miller Nancy J. 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine: direct effects of appearance management and fashion involvement on social participation; direct effects of social participation, appearance management, and fashion involvement on self‐esteem; and indirect effects of appearance management and fashion involvement on self‐esteem through social participation.Design/methodology/approachA total of 389 females aged 55 and over completed a mail survey measuring appearance management, fashion involvement, social participation, and self‐esteem. Principal component factor analysis was conducted to reduce multi‐items measuring the variables. Path analysis was employed to test direct and indirect effects among the variables.FindingsThe results of path analysis showed that social participation and appearance management had direct effects on self‐esteem, whereas fashion involvement had no direct effect on self‐esteem. However, both appearance management and fashion involvement had positive indirect effects on self‐esteem via social participation.Practical implicationsTo maintain self‐esteem in old age, individuals should be encouraged to participate in social activities and appearance management activities. The fashion and personal care industry should have an awareness of older female consumers' needs and develop and provide age‐related products and services.Originality/valueThis paper provides important contributions to gerontology, retailing, marketing, and consumer behavior‐related research. Although older adults (55+) are an important market segment, especially for the fashion and personal care industry, little research has included this group of consumers. This study showed that older adult females' self‐esteem was influenced by social participation, appearance management, and fashion involvement. The finding of this study helps marketers developing products targeting seniors.
An evaluation system for training programs: a case study using a four‐phase approach
Authors: Lingham Tony , Richley Bonnie , Rezania Davar 
Published: September 2006

PurposeWith the increased importance of training in organizations, creating important and meaningful programs are critical to an organization and its members. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a four‐phase systematic approach to designing and evaluating training programs that promotes collaboration between organizational leaders, trainers, participants and evaluators.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a case study of a leadership training program conducted at a Midwestern corporate university. Analysis of the qualitative data from interviews with participants and field notes during the first two iterations of the program highlight three major aspects that were then used to develop a unique measure for the evaluation of subsequent iterations. The case study was conducted over a period of 31/2 years involving a total of 175 managers.FindingsA main finding in this study was that content was three times stronger than applicability. This finding was critical in understanding the learning focus of the program and the significance of developing a unique evaluation system that is both meaningful and important to the organization and its members.Practical implicationsThe four‐phase approach to develop unique evaluations involving both content and applicability would be of value to human resource professionals involving in designing training programs for career development of managers.Originality/valueThis four‐phase approach focuses on learning and development at the individual and organizational levels. It aligns with Kolb's experiential learning theory and is a process that provides a feedback system for organizations to engage in double‐loop learning to improve the design, delivery and evaluation of their training programs.
Workaholism in organizations: new research directions
Authors: Snir Raphael , Harpaz Itzhak , Burke Ronald 
Published: September 2006

PurposeTo produce a collection of papers about workaholism which demonstrate real rigour both methodologically and conceptually – something which the guest editors feel has been somewhat lacking in the subject's history.Design/methodology/approachIntroduces the topic, providing some background and discussion of the main concepts. Briefly introduces the papers and their main findingsFindingsThe contributions illustrate the development of workaholism researchOriginality/valueContextualizes the issue and extends the overall knowledge in the topic.
Workaholic, or just hard worker?
Authors: Douglas Evan J. , Morris Robyn J. 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThere is a lack of theoretical development on the question of why people work long hours and the nature of “workaholism”. This paper seeks to demonstrate a variety of reasons that induce a person to work “excessively”.Design/methodology/approachThis paper discerns three subcategories of the “work enthusiast”: “materialist”, “the low‐leisure” and the “perkaholic” hard workers. It is demonstrated that these work enthusiasts work long hours for relatively high job satisfaction, while workaholics gain relatively low job satisfaction. Inflicting negative externalities on fellow workers is argued to be a separate issue – any one of the hard workers might irk their fellow workers by working “too hard” or by their individual mannerisms. This paper uses the economist's utility‐maximization model to build a conceptual model of voluntary work effort that explains the work effort decision of individuals.FindingsIndividuals will work long hours when motivated to do so by the satisfaction they derive separately and collectively from income (materialism); leisure; perquisites; and workper se. It is argued that only the person who is strongly motivated by the latter reason is properly called a workaholic, and that the imposition of negative externalities on co‐workers is a separate issue that might also involve work enthusiasts.Originality/valueThe paper advances the understanding of work motivation and workaholic behavior and presents a series of researchable propositions for empirical testing.
Profiles of workaholism among high‐tech managers
Authors: Porter Gayle 
Published: September 2006

PurposeTo explore whether workaholism seems to be a pre‐requisite for success in the high‐technology industry.Design/methodology/approachSurvey results from a team of fourteen managers are used as a case study, to examine tendencies believed to relate to workaholism. A variety of cross comparisons are presented as scatter plots to frame the discussion, along with composite profiles of individual managers.FindingsWhile some of the managers seemed to represent the archetypal workaholic, some were quite the opposite. Others classified as either moderate or at‐risk.Research limitations/implicationsStudy took place within one company and using measures taken within a relatively short time span of several months. Statistical comparisons were not possible with a group of 14. The management group was exclusively male, eliminating any potential for gender comparisons.Practical implicationsThese managers had proven success within the same company and a high demand industry. Yet some did not display workaholic characteristics, refuting the idea that a demanding and fast‐paced environment requires one must be a workaholic to succeed.Originality/valueMultiple measurement scales are used to develop composite profiles based on various aspects suggesting workaholism. This is an important examination of differences among managers within a context often cited as supporting, or perhaps requiring, workaholic tendencies. These examples indicate that employees need not sacrifice all else for work in order to get ahead.
The gendered nature of role model status: an empirical study
Authors: Murrell Audrey J. , Zagenczyk Thomas J. 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand better the gendered nature of role model status within organizations. The paper aims to argue that women require organizational legitimacy to be perceived as a role model, whereas men rely primarily on the strength of social ties within their friendship networks.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical study of admissions department employees at a large eastern university within the USA was conducted. Using a social network approach, participants were asked to identify advice, friendship and role model relationships and provide information about awards and recognition received from the organization.FindingsThe results showed that, in order to be perceived as a role model, females needed to give (but not ask for) advice, earn organizational rewards, hold leadership positions in the organization, and maintain strong ties with other employees. Males only had to have a number of friendship or advice ties to be seen as a role model.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are consistent with the idea that females need to establish formal organizational status or legitimacy (e.g. leadership roles, rewards) in order to be perceived as a role model. In addition, balancing advice‐giving versus advice‐seeking is more important for female compared with male role models.Originality/valueThis paper examines the concept of role modeling using a social network analysis, thus providing new insight about the impact of advice and friendship network centrality on role model status in organizations.
Developments in the global law enforcement of cyber‐crime
Authors: Broadhurst Roderic 
Published: September 2006

PurposeAddresses the rapid expansion of computer connectivity and the opportunities provided for criminals to exploit security vulnerabilities in the online environment.Design/methodology/approachInternational efforts to combat cyber‐crime are reviewed by evaluating the forms of mutual legal assistance (MLA) now in place.FindingsCyber‐crime is often traditional crime (e.g. fraud, identify theft, child pornography) albeit executed swiftly and to vast numbers of potential victims, as well as unauthorised access, damage and interference to computer systems. Most detrimental are malicious and exploit codes that interrupt computer operations on a global scale and along with other cyber‐crimes threaten e‐commerce. The cross‐national nature of most computer‐related crimes have rendered many time‐honoured methods of policing both domestically and in cross‐border situations ineffective even in advanced nations, while the “digital divide” provides “safe havens” for cyber‐criminals. In response to the threat of cyber‐crime there is an urgent need to reform methods of MLA and to develop trans‐national policing capability.Practical implicationsThe international response is briefly outlined in the context of the United Nations (UN) Transnational Organised Crime Convention (in force from September 2003) and the Council of Europe's innovative Cyber‐crime Convention (in force from July 2004). In addition, the role of the UN, Interpol, other institutions and bi‐lateral, regional and other efforts aimed a creating a seamless web of enforcement against cyber‐criminals are described.Originality/valueThe potential for potent global enforcement mechanisms are discussed.
Towards an understanding of involuntary firearms discharges
Authors: Heim Christopher , Schmidtbleicher Dietmar , Niebergall Eckhard 
Published: September 2006

PurposeTo identify environmental and physiological factors that may interact to bring about accidental discharges of firearms; and to make suggestions regarding the training of police officers with the aim of reducing such incidents.Design/methodology/approachA pistol was fitted with sensors to register the pressure exerted on both the hand‐stock and the trigger of the weapon. Participants then performed 13 different tasks, each of which required the use of different limbs while holding the prepared weapon.FindingsResults suggest that motor activity in different limbs can lead to a significant increase in grip force exerted on a firearm, and that the amount of force exerted on the weapon is dependent on the intensity and type of movement and the limb involved in the movement. For movements of the contralateral arm a tendency for higher forces to be exerted on a weapon during pulling than during pushing movements was found, whereas the force with which the movement was performed did not seem to have any influence. In contrast, for movements involving the legs, findings indicate that increasingly more forceful leg‐movements lead to a progressively higher risk of unintentionally discharging a firearm due to unintended muscle activity, whereas the type of movement does not seem to influence the amount of force produced in the hand carrying the weapon. Generally, the use of the lower limbs appears to offer a greater danger for involuntary discharges resulting from unintended muscle activity than movements involving the contralateral arm.Practical implicationsResults point towards evidence‐based methods for training police officers that may reduce the danger of involuntary discharges of a firearm in a real life situation.Originality/valueThis paper provides the first empirical research to identify which movements of the human body are more or less likely to induce unintended muscle activity in the hand carrying a firearm which may evoke involuntary discharges.
Gender differences in the predictors of police stress
Authors: Morash Merry , Kwak Dae‐Hoon , Haarr Robin 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThe research compared the predictors of work‐related stress for policemen and policewomen. Stressors included workplace problems, token status in the organization, low family and coworker support, and community and organizational conditions.Design/methodology/approachIn 11 police departments, racial and ethnic minorities were oversampled. Of 2,051 officers sampled, 46.2 percent responded. Questions and scales were adapted from prior research on both males and females. Regression analysis revealed the strength of individual predictors of stress, the variance explained by workplace problems, and the additional variance explained by social support, token status, and community and organizational context.FindingsWorkplace problems explained more male's than female's stress. Regardless of gender, the strongest predictor of stress was bias of coworkers, and a weaker predictor was language harassment. Just for males, lack of influence over work and appearance‐related stigmatization were additional predictors. Workplace problems explained gender differences in stress that were related to token status as a female.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample was not representative of all police in the USA. Measures of community and organizational characteristics were highly intercorrelated, so they could not be examined separately. Especially, for women, there is a need to identify additional sorts of influence on stress.Practical implicationsAlthough individual interventions and coping strategies are important for reducing police officer stress, changes in the organizational context also deserve attention. There is a need to develop and test interventions to reduce bias among coworkers, to contain language harassment, and to provide police with an increased sense of control over their work.Originality/valueThe paper focuses on stress within the policing environment.
Moral distress in the pediatric intensive care unit: the impact on pediatric nurses
Authors: Mekechuk Joy 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of moral distress in particular as it impacts on the pediatric intensive care nurse caught between caring for infants and children who would not otherwise be alive were it not for the advances of modern medical technology, and their personal beliefs concerning the societal value of life at any cost.Design/methodology/approachDescribes cases and real incidents to illustrate the moral distress experienced by these nurses caught between caring for the children and at the same time interacting with the families. Such families are too often living on hope, with a profound faith in the ever advancing world of medical technology to keep loved ones alive with little thought to the consequences.FindingsSuggests that the impact of moral distress on pediatric nurses, particularly as it relates to burnout, may well jeoparidize their ability to deliver effective care and is another unrecognized cost in the medical world.Practical implicationsSuggests that an ethical approach to care is necessary through hard to answer questions. Due to the fact that such questions are not often addressed, the author suggests consideration be given to medical ethicists to mediate and assist those caught in this dilemma.Originality/valueThis paper will be of value to those concerned with how medical and life‐saving technologies are outstripping our human abilities to comprehend and live with the consequences, and some of the ethical issues that arise.
Circles of practice: educational and professional graphic design
Authors: Logan Cheri D. 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThis paper investigates the specialist learning undertaken in graphic design classrooms and its relationship to industry practices. It considers how well students are prepared for work and the nature of this vocational preparation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on an empirical study using a qualitative, case study approach. A situated perspective on design learning and knowledge was adopted, and a strong focus on studio discourse developed. An analytical method based on respondents' use of metaphor in practice‐oriented discourse evolved, providing an interpretive framework for the study.FindingsThe paper describes the difficulties involved in undertaking research into design classrooms, outlining how these were resolved to allow the unique learning activities of the design practicum to be identified. It discusses the lack of recognition of design pedagogies, and considers their characteristic strengths and weaknesses. Key metaphorical discourses structuring design learning, teaching and practice are identified. Shared discourses in use across graphic design education and industry suggest the alignment of these contexts, providing a perspective on them as overlapping “circles of practice”. Conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of graphic design vocational education.Originality/valueThe study suggests a means of researching practice‐oriented discourses and activities across a range of settings. It offers ways of considering the alignment of educational and professional contexts by using a modified “situated” perspective on learning. This perspective allows for recognition of types of learning that do not meet traditional, “academic” criteria and of the vocationally‐referenced pedagogies that promote them.