bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What influences stroke survivors with physical disabilities to be physically active? A qualitative study informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Kwah L. K. , Doshi K. , De Silva D. A. , Ng W. M. , Thilarajah S. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Although the benefits of regular physical activity (PA) after stroke are well established, many stroke survivors do not achieve recommended PA levels. To date, studies exploring determinants to PA have not used a behaviour change theory and focused on stroke survivors with physical disabilities. As a precursor to an intervention development study, we aimed to use the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to identify factors influencing PA in stroke survivors with physical disabilities in Singapore.

Methods
Between November 2021 and January 2022, we conducted interviews with 19 community-dwelling stroke survivors with a weak arm and/or leg. An interview guide based on the TDF was developed. We analysed the data deductively by coding interview transcripts into the theoretical domains of the TDF, and then inductively by generating themes and belief statements. To identify relevant TDF domains, we prioritised the domains based on the frequencies of the belief statements, presence of conflicting belief statements and evidence of strong belief statements.

Results
Eight of the 14 TDF domains were relevant, and included environmental context and resources, knowledge, social influences, emotion, reinforcement, behavioural regulation, skills and beliefs about capabilities. The lack of access, suitable equipment and skilled help often limited PA participation at public fitness spaces such as parks, gyms and swimming pools (environmental context and resources). While a few stroke survivors expressed that they had the skills to engage in regular PA, most expressed not knowing how much and how hard to work, which exercises to do, which equipment to use and how to adapt exercises and equipment (knowledge and skills). This often left them feeling afraid to try new activities or venture out to new places for fear of the unknown or adverse events (e.g., falls) (emotion). For some, doing the activities in a group encourage them to get out and engage in PA (social influences).

Conclusions
In stroke survivors with physical disabilities, environmental context and resources had a significant influence on PA participation, and this often had a spill over effect into other domains. Our results inform a complex behaviour change intervention to improve PA after stroke, and has implications for intervention design for people with physical disabilities.
Perceptions of 3R implementation in European animal research: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-synthesis of barriers and facilitators
Authors: Louis-Maerten Edwin , Milford Aoife , Shaw David M. , Geneviève Lester D. , Elger Bernice S. 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesThe purpose of this systematic review was to examine how the scientific community in Europe that is involved with research with animals perceives and experiences the implementation of 3R (Replace, Reduce, Refine).MethodsA systematic search of the literature published in the past ten years was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Publications were screened for eligibility usinga prioriinclusion criteria, and only empirical evidence (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methodologies) was retained. Quantitative survey items were investigated by conducting a meta-analysis, and the qualitative data was summarized using an inductive meta-synthetic approach. Included publications were assessed using the Quality Assessment for Diverse Studies tool.Results17 publications were included (eight quantitative, seven qualitative, two mixed-methods). The meta-analysis revealed that scientists are skeptical about achieving replacement, even if they believe that 3R improve the quality of experimental results. They are optimistic concerning the impact of 3R on research costs and innovation, and see education as highly valuable for the implementation of 3R. The meta-synthesis revealed four barriers (systemic dynamics, reification process, practical issues, insufficient knowledge) and four facilitators (efficient use of animals, caring for animals, regulatory uptake, supportive workplace environment).ConclusionThese findings show actionable levers at the local and systemic levels, and may inform regulators and institutions in their 3R policies.Trial registrationThe protocol was registered into the PROSPERO database under the numberCRD42023395769.
Distribution and analysis of subacromial spurs and the relationship with acromial classification and angle in healthy individuals
Authors: Dong Weichong , Du Kezheng , Shi Bo , Wang Tianci , Lu Bo , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Yingze , Guo Jialiang 
Published: March 2024

Background
Subacromial spurs are considered the one of the pathology underlying shoulder impingement syndrome. Furthermore, few studies have focused on the morphology of the subacromial spurs in normal Chinese people. This study aimed to study the spur distribution and to illustrate the morphology of spurs, which may help guide the extent of acromioplasty.

Methods
A total of 93 normal individuals were enrolled, and both shoulders of all enrolled individuals were analyzed. The subjects were divided and classified into three different groups by ages: group I = 18–40 years, group II = 41–60 years, and group III ≥ 61 years. The osteophyte distribution, osteophyte area, subacromial surface area and osteophyte area/subacromial surface area ratio were measured and illustrated using Mimics and 3-matic software. The shape of the acromion was classified according to the Bigliani and Morrison classification system. The acromial angle was also classified. Then, the relationship between osteophytes, acromial classification and acromial angle was analyzed.

Results
Type II (curved shape) was the most common type of acromion, and the hooked shape was a rare form. A significant increase in the left subacromial surface area in males was observed in group III compared with group I (P < 0.001) and group II (P = 0.004). The total spur/subacromial area ratio was significantly higher in group II than I. An obvious increase in the right subacromial area was observed in group III compared with group I (P = 0.004). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the right spur area (P = 0.021) and total spur/subacromial area ratio (P = 0.006) in females in group II compared with group I. Fewer spurs were observed on the left than on the right side (p = 0.0482). One spur was most common among type II acromions (29/36) (80.56%) on the left side and the right side (34/52, 65.38%).

Conclusions
Spurs osteophytes are mainly distributed with an irregular shape and mostly run through the medial and lateral sides of the subacromial surface in normal subjects. The characteristics of subacromial spurs are so diverse that a surgeon must conduct subacromial decompression completely based on the morphology of individual spurs.
Piperine alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis
Authors: Ran Suye , Song Lingyu , Yang Hong , Yu Jiangnan , Zhen Yunhuan , Liu Qi 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has a high risk of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Piperine (Pip) is an extract of plants with powerful anti-inflammatory effects, however, the function of Pip in NASH remains elusive. Here, we aim to explore the role of Pip in NASH and to find the possible mechanisms.

Methods
Methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diets were used to induce steatohepatitis, methionine- and choline-sufficient (MCS) diets were used as the control. After Pip treatment, H&E staining, Oil Red O staining, hepatic triglyceride (TG) content and F4/80 expression were performed to analysis liver steatosis and inflammation; Masson’s staining, COL1A1 and α-SMA were detected liver fibrosis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -treated AML12 cells were used to as the cell model to induce pyroptosis. Then, pyroptosis-related proteins, IL-1β and LDH release were detected in vivo and in vitro. Finally, NF-κB inhibitor, BAY11-7082, was used to further demonstrate the mechanism of Pip in NASH.

Results
The study found that Pip alleviated liver steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte injury, and fibrosis in mice fed with MCD diets. Moreover, the pyroptosis markers (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 p20, and GSDMD), IL-1β and LDH release were decreased by Pip treatment. NF-κB activation was suppressed by Pip treatment and pyroptosis-related proteins were down regulated by BAY11-7082.

Conclusion
Pip ameliorates NASH progression, and the therapeutical effect was associated with inhibition of hepatocyte pyroptosis induced by NF-κB.
Variational–hemivariational system for contaminant convection–reaction–diffusion model of recovered fracturing fluid
Authors: Cen Jinxia , Migórski Stanisław , Yao Jen-Chih , Zeng Shengda 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This work is devoted to study the convection–reaction–diffusion behavior of contaminant in the recovered fracturing fluid which flows in the wellbore from shale gas reservoir. First, we apply various constitutive laws for generalized non-Newtonian fluids, diffusion principles, and friction relations to formulate the recovered fracturing fluid model. The latter is a partial differential system composed of a nonlinear and nonsmooth stationary incompressible Navier-Stokes equation with a multivalued friction boundary condition, and a nonlinear convection–reaction–diffusion equation with mixed Neumann boundary conditions. Then, we provide the weak formulation of the fluid model which is a hemivariational inequality driven by a nonlinear variational equation. We establish existence of solutions to the recovered fracturing fluid model via a surjectivity theorem for multivalued operators combined with an alternative iterative method and elements of nonsmooth analysis.
Montana as Place of (Un)Belonging: Landscape, Identity, and the American West in Bella Vista (2014)
Authors: Moradiyan-Rizi Najmeh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The American West is not just a geographical terrain but a mythical construct that occupies a powerful place in the popular imagination thanks to myriad literary and artistic works that have presented the region through specific archetypes emphasizing its vast ruggedness, white masculinity, and unique Americanness. In recent decades, revisionist scholarly and artistic works, however, have attempted to offer more nuanced perspectives on the region challenging its assumed homogenous history and fixed and stable identity. In particular, women filmmakers have recast the region through multifaceted representations underlining its complexity, diversity, and transnational dimensions. This article analyzes Vera Brunner-Sung’s film Bella Vista (2014) to examine how the film intervenes in previously constructed representations of the American West through its emphasis on transience, displacement, and belonging. Set and made in Montana, the film employs a “slow cinema” aesthetic to offer deep insights into the local and global dynamics of the place as well as the formation of identity and (un)belonging within a Western landscape. The film, as the article argues, provides a reconsideration of the West through diverse localities that are in constant relation with the outside and in turn have generated diverse individual experiences regarding the place.
Analysis of fellowship program director opinions of entrustable professional activities in adolescent medicine fellowship
Authors: Cifra Nicole , Pitts Sarah , Mink Richard , Schwartz Alan , Herman Bruce , Turner David A. , Yussman Susan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to explore the minimum entrustable professional activity (EPA) supervision levels at which pediatric fellowship program directors (FPDs) would be willing to graduate fellows and the levels deemed necessary for safe and effective practice for each of the common pediatric subspecialty and the four adolescent medicine-specific EPAs.

Methods
This cross-sectional study utilized survey data from pediatric FPDs in 2017. FPDs indicated the minimum level of supervision (LOS) for fellows at graduation and for safe and effective practice.

Results
82 percent (23/28) of adolescent medicine FPDs completed the survey. For each EPA, there were differences (p<0.05) between LOS expected for graduation and for safe and effective practice. There was also variability in the level at which FPDs would graduate fellows.

Conclusions
This study summarizes pediatric FPD opinions regarding the minimum levels of supervision required for fellows at the time of graduation as well as the levels deemed necessary for safe and effective practice. The difference between the minimum LOS at which FPDs would graduate a fellow and that deemed appropriate for safe and effective practice, along with variability in minimum LOS for graduation, highlight the need for clearer standards for fellowship graduation as well as more structured early career support for ongoing learning. These data highlight variability in FPD opinion regarding such expectations and both the need to better define desired training outcomes and potential need for post-graduation supervision in clinical practice.
The short- and long-term effect of osteopathic manipulative treatment on pain, and psychosocial factors in adults with chronic low back pain
Authors: Nicodemus Clarence L. , Epstein Jessica , Huebner Marianne , DeCicco Barry , Shaik Moaid 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) has long plagued mankind, but little progress has been made in finding a rational and effective treatment, let alone a common cause. This study is an attempt to fill that void by measuring short- and long-term effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), including psychosocial and pain reduction in CLBP patients.

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of neuromusculoskeletal medicine/osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) in treating CLBP, with a focus on biopsychosocial (pain sensitivity questionnaire [PSQ]) and pain control in chronic conditions.

Methods
The study involved a large, single cohort observational design of 101 patients. The inclusion criteria for selecting patients targeted those with “nonspecific” CLBP. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Minimum Dataset for Chronic Low Back Pain (NMD) was the measurement tool and was administered at consent (baseline), 2, 4, and 8 weeks and at 6 and 12 months. Time trends were analyzed as overall mean. Pairwise differences were compared between time points. Mixed-effects models were utilized to test the association of time with pain and biopsychosocial scores.

Results
Pain and PSQ scores decreased over the study timeline. The most significant change for both pain and biopsychosocial scores occurred at 6 months compared to baseline, with a further reduction at 12 months.

Conclusions
OMT has been demonstrated to significantly reduce pain and psychosocial factors related to CLBP in both the short and long term.
The Content of Magnetic Material in Black Sand of Yeh Gangga Beach
Authors: Rachmawati Dewi Oktofa , Gunadi Gede Aris , Risha Nurfa , Suswandi Iwan 
Published: March 2024

Yeh Gangga Beach is one of the black sand beaches in the Tabanan district. The abundant black sand on this beach stretches along the shoreline with varying grain sizes. This black sand characterizes the specific surface composition as iron sand deposits with high magnetic mineral content. The very high need and use of magnetic minerals in various fields prompt a study of the magnetic mineral content in the black sand of Yeh Gangga beach.The magnetic material content was determined by the extraction method which was expressed in terms of mass fraction. The grain size distribution was determined by the sieve method using a sieve shaker consisting of six mesh numbers, namely 30, 100, 170, 200, 270, and 325.The density of magnetic materials was determined by the principle of mass and volume ratio. The magnetic susceptibility was tested by using a Bartington MS2B susceptibility meter. Meanwhile, the characterization of the elements and their oxides used non-magnetic methods, namely the X-Ray Fluorescence test.The research results show that the magnetic material fraction of Yeh Gangga black sand reach 84.84% with 58.39% of the grains having sizes in the range 150r ≥90 μm. The magnetic susceptibility value is 28.26 10-6 m3/kg with an Fe element content of 85.15% w. The hematite (Fe2O3) content reaches 81.69%. This magnetic material has a density of 1914.43 kg/m3.
Leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks for Automated Detection and Grading of Diabetic Retinopathy from Fundus Images
Authors: Yamani Ibnu Uzail , Basari Basari 
Published: March 2024

This study addresses the critical challenge of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) detection and severity grading, aiming to advance the field of medical image analysis. The research problem focuses on the need for an accurate and efficient model to discern DR conditions, thereby facilitating early diagnosis and intervention. Employing a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), our methodology is developed to strike a balance between precision and computational efficiency, a pivotal aspect in the context of healthcare applications. The research leverages the APTOS 2019 dataset, a comprehensive collection of fundus photographs, to evaluate the efficacy of our proposed model. The dataset allows for a thorough investigation into the model's performance in binary-class and multi-class classifications, providing a robust foundation for analysis. The most important result of our study manifests in the achieved accuracy rates of 98.67% and 87.81% for binary-class and multi-class classifications, respectively. These outcomes underscore the model's reliability and innovation, surpassing established machine learning algorithms and affirming its potential as a valuable tool for early DR detection and severity assessment. In conclusion, the study marks a significant advancement in leveraging deep learning for ophthalmic diagnoses, particularly in the nuanced landscape of Diabetic Retinopathy. The implications of our findings extend to the broader realm of AI-driven healthcare solutions, presenting opportunities for enhanced clinical practices and early intervention strategies. Future research endeavors could explore further refinements to the model, considering additional datasets and collaborating with healthcare professionals for real-world validation, ensuring the continued progress of AI applications in the medical domain.
Improvement of aluminum properties by adding tungsten carbide using powder metallurgy
Authors: Majeed Z. N. , Darweesh S.Y. , Fadhil A.A. , Aziz A. F. A. 
Published: March 2024

Powder metallurgy is a usable technique with multiple industrial applications. The first reinforcement material (Al2O3) was used at a constant rate 10wt.%, while the second reinforcement material (tungsten carbide (WC) was used at different rates (0,5,10,15,20wt.%), and the base material is (Al). The three powders were ground together for two hours, and then they were poured into the mold. The compaction process was done with a hydraulic press at (5) tons for one minute. The resulting samples had green density, requiring a thermal sintering process in order to increase their durability and hardness. The sintering process was performed at 560°C for only two hours. Then, structural examinations (scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mechanical examinations (Brinell hardness, compressive strength, and wear) were performed on the sintered samples. The results showed that the best reinforcement rate was 20%, and after thermal sintering, the best Brinell hardness was 146.72 HB, with the highest compressive strength of 45.33MPa, while the lowest wear rate was 1.18×10-8g/cm.
Potential of intraductal contact lithotripsy with oral cholangioscopy in the treatment of ”complex” choledocholithiasis
Authors: Budzinsky S. A. , Anishchenko M. A. , Shapovalyants S. G. , Vorobyova E. A. , Platonova E. N. , Fedorov E. D. , Melnikova A. S. 
Published: March 2024

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of various methods of intraductal contact lithotripsy in “complex” choledocholithiasis. Materials and methods. From January 2018 to July 2023, 40 patients underwent intraductal contact lithotripsy with oral transpapillary cholangioscopy. Indications for the procedure included failure of mechanical lithotripsy in large choledocholithiasis in 37 patients (92.5 %), impaction of the gallstone during conventional lithoextraction, narrow pancreatic part of common bile duct, intrahepatic localization of gallstones. Contact electrohydraulic lithotripsy was performed in 10 patients (25 %), laser fragmentation by holmium laser in 15 patients (37.5 %), and new thuliumlaser – in 15 patients (37.5 %). Results. The overall efficacy of contact lithotripsy methods comprised 90%. Laser methods demonstrated comparable results: the overall success rate of lithotripsy with holmium laser accounted for 93.3 %, and with thulium laser – 90 %. Complete sanitation after the first intervention with holmium lithotripsy was achieved in 92.9 % of patients, with thulium laser – in 88.9 %. The efficacy of electrohydraulic lithotripsy was lower: the overall success rate comprised86.7 %, and the success rate after the first procedure accounted for 61.5 % of patients. The average number of interventions required to achieve complete sanitation of the bile ducts amounted to 1.07 for holmium laser lithotripsy,1.1 for thulium laser, and 1.6 for electrohydraulic lithotripsy. In 1 case (2.5 %), perforation of the wall of the common bile duct was noted during the extraction of stone fragments. The complication was corrected during retrograde intervention. No fatal outcomes reported. Conclusion. Intraductal contact lithotripsy proved to be highly effective and safe. Laser methods demonstrate certain advantages over electrohydraulic lithotripsy.
Features of laparoscopic liver resection training after mastering of robot-assisted technology
Authors: Kovalenko D. E. , Efanov M. G. 
Published: March 2024

Aim. To estimate the learning curve for laparoscopic liver resections performed by a surgeon experienced in robot-assisted liver resections using the CUSUM method. Materials and methods. The study involved a retrospective analysis of the results of laparoscopic liver resections for malignant and benign neoplasms performed from 2015 to December 2020 and robot-assisted liver resections from 2010 to 2020. The author evaluated the learning curve for laparoscopic liver resections of a surgeon who had mastered robot-assisted resections of high difficulty. Selecting the boundaries between training periods according to the obtained CUSUM graphs was determined by critical changes in the resection difficulty score (IWATE and IMM), duration of surgery, blood loss, and incidence of postoperative complications. Major perioperative events were compared between the laparoscopic and robot-assisted resection groups in each of the training periods. Results. 174 laparoscopic and 57 robot-assisted liver resections were performed. The duration of the first training period comprised 11 robot-assisted resections and 20 laparoscopic resections, the second period – 16 and 20, the third period – 30 and 134, accordingly. In the second period, the resection difficulty score increased significantly for both groups, while the amount of blood loss, the incidence of postoperative complications, and the duration of hospital treatment did not differ significantly. In the second training period, the duration of surgery was significantly longer in both groups. Conclusion. Studying the dynamics of surgical difficulty using the CUSUM method is considered to be a reliable, controlled way to estimate the learning curve for liver resection. Completing the learning curve for robot-assisted liver resections reduces the duration of the learning curve for laparoscopic resections compared to published data of other authors.