bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Diagnostic Dilemma of Autoimmune Hepatitis-Primary Biliary Cholangitis Overlap Syndrome
Authors: Salooja Ishita , Srivastava Shilpi , Raizada Alpana , Nath Smita 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Overlap syndrome (OS) in autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) refers to overlap in features of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) with autoimmune biliary diseases – more commonly primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and less commonly primary sclerosing cholangitis. The lack of standardized diagnostic criteria and the need for invasive testing to establish diagnosis through current scoring systems like Paris criteria preclude the early recognition of OS. Current management is based on observational data, thus there is a need for establishing evidence-based guidelines through experimental studies. In this case report, we describe a case of AIH-PBC OS, presenting with chronic abdominal pain, jaundice, and laboratory results indicating both hepatocellular injury and cholestatic pathology. We highlight the diagnostic challenges, in terms of delay in seeking care, reluctance to investigational biopsy by the patient, and lack of evidence-based guidelines on management of these rare but challenging cases. Through a review of the literature, we comment on the burden and epidemiology of the syndrome in the Indian context. We also highlight the recent focus on noninvasive and early-in-the-course diagnosis of AILDs, which could provide a new direction to the management of AIH-PBC OSs.
An 18-year Retrospective Study of the Profile of Stroke Survivors at a Tertiary Hospitals in the South-southern Part of Nigeria
Authors: Kanu Favour Chidera , Akinyemi Deborah , Binuyo Overcomer Temiloluwa , Obiekwe Sochima Johnmark 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability globally, with an increasing incidence in low- and middle-income countries. In Nigeria, stroke is a leading cause of hospital admissions, yet comprehensive national data on the disease are lacking. This study aims to fill this gap by reviewing the profile of stroke survivors over 18 years in a tertiary hospital in South-Southern Nigeria.

Methods:
A retrospective study design was employed. Data from stroke patient records were collected from the Accident and Emergency, Physiotherapy, and Neurology departments of Federal Medical Centre Asaba, Nigeria. The data, documented manually into Excel using an adopted pro forma included sociodemographic information, stroke types, risk factors, and outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis, employing IBM SPSS Version 21.

Results:
The study included 317 stroke patients (157 males, 160 females) with a mean age of 63.07 ± 16.19 years. The majority were Christians (91.2%), married (76.3%), and traders/business people (97.1%). Ischemic stroke was the most common type (82.6%), followed by hemorrhagic stroke (13.2%) and transient ischemic attack (4.1%). Most patients presented within 24 h of symptom onset. Hypertension (93.7%), diabetes (77%), and alcohol consumption (62.1%) were the predominant risk factors. The discharge against medical advice (DAMA) rate was 33.8%, and the mortality rate was 32.2%.

Conclusion:
Stroke predominantly affects older adults, with ischemic stroke being the most common type. Hypertension, diabetes, and alcohol consumption are significant risk factors. Prompt hospital presentation is crucial for better outcomes, and the high DAMA rate highlights the need for improved patient education and support systems. Overall, there is a need for increased awareness in this part of the country.
A Decade of Excellence: Accreditation’s Long-term Impact on Quality, Safety, and Performance at King Saud University Medical City
Authors: Baksh Maram M. , Amer Yasser S. , Titi Maher A. , Jamal Diana , Al-Muammar Abdulrahman M. , El-Jardali Fadi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has undergone a healthcare system transformation to improve healthcare delivery and central to this is accreditation of hospitals. This article assesses the long-term effects of national and international accreditations through measuring staff perception after 10 years of participation in multiple accreditation surveys.

Methods:
This mixed-methods study was conducted at the King Saud University Medical City. The tool was adapted from previous studies. Respondents were asked to evaluate their involvement in accreditation and readiness for another survey. A qualitative interview tool was also used to elicit input from key stakeholders, senior leaders, and managers.

Results:
Six hundred and thirty respondents participated, reporting the perception of their own performance, their role in the accreditation process, the hospitals’ overall performance, and the impact of accreditation on quality and safety. Analysis of variance showed a significantly increasing mean score with increasing involvement of respondents in accreditation with the highest scores for the first accreditation survey. Regression showed increases in selected outcomes with increasing subscale scores for patient satisfaction, management, and leadership. Accreditation supported improved and sustained quality of care despite differences in implementing both international and national accreditation standards.

Conclusion:
The long-term assessment of accreditation revealed that staff perception about performance was highest during the first cycle and consistently decreased with consequent surveys. The slight decrease in scale scores reveals that the benefits of accreditation gradually decrease over time but mostly retain a positive impact.
Nutritional Status among King Saud University Male Students, Riyadh City
Authors: Al-Sufayan Thamer Abdullah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
The influence of diet and lifestyle on our well-being and health is profound, with a clear connection to the increasing global rates of obesity and chronic diseases. In 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults aged 18 and above were grappling with excess weight. This study aims to assess the dietary habits of male students at King Saud University (KSU) in Riyadh in 2023.

Methods:
A cross-sectional approach was employed, utilizing a self-administered questionnaire. Obesity was determined by calculating body mass index based on self-reported height and weight from the students’ most recent measurements.

Results:
The results indicate that a significant portion of the students fell within a healthy weight range (47.4%), whereas 24.7% were classified as overweight, 14.1% as obese, and 13.8% as underweight. Notably, 92.5% of the students acknowledged consuming fast food on a daily basis, and 70% reported daily consumption of soda. Furthermore, 35% of the participants incorporated carbohydrates into their daily meals.

Conclusion:
The majority of males were healthy weight, overweight, obese, and underweight, respectively. Most of the students consumed fast food, and soda drinking was also high.
Prevalence of GERD Symptoms and its Related Risk Factors Among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alotay Abdulwahed A. , Alhajery Mohammad A. , Alsultan Khaled Mohammed , Alanazi Rand Naif , Noman Abdulrahman Saleh Bin , Alshabanat Faris Bander , Almutairi Renad Razen , Alhamzah Hamzah Ali Hamzah , Qutob Rayan A. , Alanazi Abdulrahman Mohammed , Alshammri Mohammad Rediny , Alsolamy Eysa , Alghamdi Abdullah 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and identify risk factors among medical students in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study evaluated medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, targeting those aged 18 and above, and was conducted online from March 2024 to July 2024. An estimated sample size of 210 was computed. A convenience sampling technique was employed, with a self-administered survey distributed electronically through social media platforms to reach the target population. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with Chi-square tests determining associations between variables, considering a P value <0.05 as significant.

Results:
The study included a majority of male participants (63.8%) with most participants aged 21–23 years (58.6%). Key risk factors identified were frequent consumption of spicy meals (43.3%) and fried food (49.0%), with 25.2% of participants being obese Gender analysis showed similar GERD symptom frequencies between males and females, but females reported feeling full before finishing a meal more often than males (P = 0.025).

Conclusion:
The study reveals a notable prevalence of GERD symptoms among medical students, with heartburn and stomach bloating being the most frequently reported.
The Impact of a Nurse-Led Physical Activity Program on Reducing Obesity and Enhancing Quality of Life Among Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chakkaravarthi Baby Ilavarasi , Ethiraj Theranirajan , Rajendran Shankar Shanmugam , Kasinathan Kannan , Chinnadurai Johnson , Chandran Thillainayaki , Posan Rathiswari 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Physical activity programs effectively reduce obesity and raise awareness of its consequences. Engaging in 30 minutes of daily exercise helps prevent chronic illnesses like diabetes, leading to lower body fat and improved quality of life for obese adolescents.

Aim:
This study evaluates the impact of a nurse-led physical activity program on obesity reduction and quality of life enhancement among adolescents.

Methods and Materials:
A quantitative randomized control study was conducted at Choolaimedu Higher Secondary School, Chennai, involving 100 adolescents aged 12–14 years. Data were collected using the Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-A) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Pre and posttest scores were analyzed using paired t-tests and Chi-square tests.

Results:
The sample included 18 females and 32 males. The experimental group showed a 31.20% physical activity gain score and a 25.63% quality of life gain score, compared to 14.26% and 2.03% in the control group, respectively.

Conclusion:
Structured physical activity programs significantly reduce obesity and enhance quality of life, warranting further research on their long-term effects and optimal structures.
The Effects of Focused Nurse-Midwife Interventions on Postnatal Discomfort and Quality of Life Among Postnatal Mothers - A Quasi Experimental Study
Authors: Kannan Baby , Ethiraj Theranirajan , Rajendran Shankar Shanmugam , Vijayalakshmi Valveeman , Durairaj Seethalakshmi , Raja Sabari 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
It has been shown that postnatal discomfort is one of the common issues that postpartum women go through and, in most cases, have a low quality of life, thus impairing their recovery and overall well-being. This research study was aimed at establishing the effectiveness of nurse-midwife-specific interventions aimed at reducing postnatal discomfort and enhancing the quality of life among postpartum women.

Methods:
This quasi-experimental study had a control and an intervention group of postpartum women. Standardized questionnaires to assess pain and quality of life data were collected. Statistical analysis by Chi-square test and t-test to compare scores before and after the intervention in both the groups were performed.

Results:
Intervention outcomes were a significant reduction in pain scores and quality-of-life improvements compared to the control group. Therefore, interventions targeted by the nurse-midwife may improve postpartum recovery.

Conclusion:
Focused interventions by the nurse-midwife improved outcomes related to postnatal recovery. The treatment can be useful for inclusion in postpartum care to enhance the quality of life and maternal well-being.
Role of climatic factors on the perennial malaria cases in Kalahandi district of Odisha, Eastern India
Authors: Panigrahi Subrat Kumar , Parida Smruti Ranjan , Mohanty Dibyanee , Panda Punyatoya , Meher Manoj Kumar , Mohanty Priyanka , Mohapatra Pruthiraj , Acharya Aishwarya B , Sahu Bijayalaxmi , Barik Tapan Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Background & objectives:
Vector-borne diseases, particularly mosquito-borne illnesses, cause significant global health challenges, leading to approximately 700,000 deaths annually. In India, malaria remains a critical issue, especially in regions like Odisha, where climatic factors heavily influence transmission dynamics. The study aimed to investigate the correlation between climatic factors (rainfall, temperature, and humidity) and malaria transmission in the Kalahandi district of Odisha, India. This research focuses on understanding how local weather conditions affect mosquito breeding, population dynamics, and malaria incidence.

Methods:
Epidemiological data from 2019 to 2021 on malaria cases were collected from the Chief District Medical Officer's office in Kalahandi. Entomological data were gathered bimonthly by capturing mosquitoes from various locations in Kalahandi using standard methods. Meteorological data, including monthly rainfall, temperature, and humidity, were obtained from the Odisha government database. The data were analyzed using correlation analysis, linear regression, and Pearson correlation to explore the relationships between weather parameters and malaria cases.

Results:
The study found that rainfall positively correlates with malaria incidence, particularly during peak rainy seasons (July-September). P. falciparum cases showed a strong association with precipitation, while temperature and humidity showed mixed results. Excessive rainfall, however, may disrupt mosquito breeding sites.

Interpretation & conclusion:
It was noticed that Anopheles culicifacies was prevalent year- round but was particularly dense during the winter and summer (pre-monsoon) seasons, often in conjunction with Anopheles fluviatilis. The findings highlight the complex interplay of climatic factors influencing malaria transmission in the region, with rainfall being the most significant driver.
Transmission Indices of Malaria in Anopheles Mosquitoes in an agrarian community adjourning Osogbo, Southwestern, Nigeria
Authors: Iwalewa Zarat O , Surakat Olabanji A , Rufai Mohammed A , Fasasi Kamilu A , Aremu Harun K , Adeleke Monsuru A 
Published: February 2025

Background & objectives:
Mosquitoes transmit malaria and other infectious diseases. A thorough understanding of the dynamics, biting behavior, and infectiousness of Anopheles vector, sporozoites is required to calculate transmission indices and develop effective control tactics. The goal of this study was to identify the mosquito species in a rural settlement near the Osogbo city in southern Nigeria, as well as their sources of blood meals and the rate at which sporozoites are formed.

Methods:
From June to December 2021, 23 homes in the community were chosen at random to catch adult mosquitos with CDC light traps and Pyrethrum Spray Catches (PSC). Mosquitoes were sorted using morphological criteria, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the origin of the blood meal, check for the infectivity of sporozoites in the mosquitoes, and calculate the fraction of An. gambiae s.l. collected.

Results:
Among the 318 mosquitos collected, 185 (58.18%) were recognized as An. gambiae s.l., 4 (1.26 %) as Aedes aegypti, 104 (32.70 %) as Cx. quequinfasciatus, and 25 (7.86 %) as M. uniformis. The PCR revealed that the specimens of An. gambiae s.l. were 96% An. colluzzi and 4% An. gambiae s.s. The An. colluzzi mosquito species only consumed human blood.

Interpretation & conclusion:
The presence of sporozoites in none of the An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes in the area indicates a low rate of malaria transmission. The anthropoliphic nature of the Anopheles species implies a danger of malaria transmission, despite the fact that none of the Anopheles tested positive for sporozoites.
Chinese South Oaks Gambling Screen: A Study on Reliability and Validity in Mainland China
Authors: Zhou Yiyi , Cui Yuhao , Shi Siyao , Liu Jingyang , Wei Yicheng , Zhang Xiyuan , Fan Dongli , Zhong Gangliang , Du Jiang 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
This study aims to translate the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) into Chinese and to verify the reliability and validity of the scale in the mainland Chinese population.

Methods:
This study collected 283 participants from October 2023 to April 2024, including a general population group (n = 159) and a gambling disorder group (n = 124). We translated the Chinese SOGS (C-SOGS) in a standard localization process and examined the internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and content validity of the C-SOGS, and to refine the structure of the scale, we did an exploratory factor analysis of all the C-SOGS items. We also use cross-tabulation analyses and receiver operating characteristic curve to examine the structural validity of this scale.

Results:
The scale demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.97) and test–retest reliability (0.80). Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a two-dimensional solution accounting for 70.98% of the total variance: a first factor composed mainly of questions related to the problems and consequences caused by gambling and a second-factor encompassing questions about the sources of gambling funds. Its content validity was over 0.80 and 0.90 in Item-Content Validity Index and Scale-Content Validity Index, respectively. The C-SOGS demonstrated excellent classification accuracy with a false-positive rate of 0.10 when screening the gambling population among all participants. The Discriminant Power Coefficient (D prime) of the C-SOGS was 2.92.

Conclusion:
We localized SOGS to obtain C-SOGS. C-SOGS has two dimensions and demonstrates high reliability, validity, and classification accuracy.
Patient Perceptions toward the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Diabetes Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Krisnan Logeswary , Masrom Maslin , Yahya Yazriwati , Krishnan Manimaran 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Diabetes continues to escalate globally, prompting a search for more efficient methods to manage and treat affected individuals. Exploring the considerable potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is one such avenue. Despite increasing global AI investment in diabetes care, patient perspectives on this technology lack sufficient research attention. Our study aims to fill this knowledge gap. In this qualitative study, we examined patient perceptions and attitudes toward the use of AI in diabetes care.

Methods:
Qualitative content analysis method was used to collect the data from 17 diabetes patients in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Klang, Malaysia over a 2-week period in August 2023. The analysis of the qualitative data was undertaken with ATLAS.ti using a thematic content analysis process.

Results:
Seven themes emerged from the data and key results of the study indicate that opinions toward AI application in diabetic care, which reflect perceptions and attitudes have a positive impact on the implementation of AI in healthcare. Four themes that were related to diabetic patients’ perceptions are experience in using technology and apps, awareness of AI tools, beliefs about technology, and trust in AI tools. Meanwhile, three themes that were associated with diabetic patients’ attitudes and perceived acceptability, perceived need, and perceived benefit of using AI tools.

Conclusion:
The results of this study form the basis for a theoretical framework for understanding patients positioning to applications of AI in diabetic care, highlighting health, technological, and social experiences that shape their opinions about AI applications in diabetic care.
Effect of Chin Tuck Exercise with Pectoralis Muscles Stretching Exercise v/s Chin Tuck Exercise with Scapular Retraction Strengthening Exercise on CVA, SA And Active Cervical ROM in Young Adults Patients in Text Neck Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Preeti Khot , Ahmad Noor , Vrushali Bhore , Shruti Gachhi 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: Text Neck Syndrome refers to repetitive stress injury, having an individual’s head hung forward looking at the mobile for a longer period of time. Most common symptoms of this syndrome are forward head posture, forward shoulder posture and reduced active cervical ranges of motion.
AIM: To find the effect of chin tuck exercise with pectoralis muscles stretching exercise versus chin tuck exercise with scapular retraction strengthening exercise on cranio-vertebral angle, shoulder angle and active cervical ROM in young adult patients in text neck syndrome.
METHOD: The study was conducted in College of Physiotherapy, Wanless hospital, Miraj Medical Centre, Miraj. It was a cross over study conducted on college going students using a simple random sampling method. Participants (n=48) who fulfilled inclusion criteria were included and were divided into two groups. The duration of the study was of 6 months. Participants were assessed using SAS-SV for pre-assessment and Smartphone protractor application and Goniometer for both pre- and post-assessment. The participants in a group A were given pectoralis muscle stretching exercise and participants in group B were given scapular retraction strengthening exercise both including chin tuck exercise over the span of 4 weeks. After which the outcome measures like CVA, SA And Active Cervical ROM were assessed again.
RESULT: Statistical analysis was done using unpaired t test between the groups and paired t test among the groups. The within-group analysis of pre- and post-treatment measurement of the techniques showed clinical and statistical significance whereas, the between group analysis showed no significant difference.
CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that chin tuck exercise with scapular retraction strengthening exercise is more effective as compared to chin tuck exercise with pectoralis muscles stretching exercise in the treatment of text neck syndrome.