bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negotiating Pregnancy at Work: Public and Private Conflicts
Authors: Greenberg Danna , Ladge Jamie , Clair Judy 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWhile pregnancy in the workplace is a fairly common occurrence today, there are still numerous covert and overt biases women must navigate when pregnant at work. Current research on pregnancy in the workplace has primarily highlighted the substantive negotiations that pregnant women engage in with regards to maternity leave and role definition. In this study, we move beyond existing research to explore the full range of issues pregnant women negotiate in the workplace. Through in‐depth interviews with 30 professional women who were pregnant for the first time, we identify both intrapersonal and interpersonal issues women negotiate during pregnancy and we explore why these issues arise and how women respond to them. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this study for both theory and practice.
Adequacy of Oral Health Information for Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Yuen Hon K. , Mountford William K. , Magruder Kathryn M. , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar , Hudson Pemra L. , Summerlin Lisa M. , Salinas Carlos F. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Objective: We investigated the perception of dental hygienists regarding their adequacy of providing diabetics with diabetes‐related oral health preventive education. Methods: A one‐page questionnaire printed on both sides was mailed to 2,237 licensed registered dental hygienists with a South Carolina (SC) mailing address. In addition to the dental hygienists' background and practice characteristics, their perception of adequacy for educating patients with diabetes on various diabetes‐related oral health topics and reasons for inadequate coverage of materials were queried in the survey. Results: After two follow‐up mailings, 995 completed and usable surveys were returned. An average of 93.6 percent of respondents indicated that they adequately covered topics of oral hygiene and general oral health issues. However, about 60 percent of respondents reported not covering all essential materials related to oral health when educating diabetic patients. The three most common reasons were: a) insufficient time (60.1 percent); b) patient disinterest (41.2 percent); and c) insufficient information on oral care and diabetes (39.7 percent). Respondents reporting insufficient information were less likely to adequately address the effect of periodontal disease on diabetes (P < 0.001), effect of uncontrolled diabetes on periodontal disease (P < 0.001), and dry mouth management (P = 0.03). Conclusion: This study indicates that SC dental hygienists do not routinely provide patient education on diabetes‐related oral health and healthy lifestyle topics. Lack of time, patient disinterest, and insufficient information were the three main reasons for respondents not covering these essentials. A practical method for improving dental hygienists' comprehensive service to patients with diabetes is to offer them more continuing education on diabetes and oral health to supplement their knowledge, skills, and confidence to educate this growing population.
Assessing Levels of Agreement between Two Commonly Used Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life Measures
Authors: Bernabé Eduardo , De Oliveira Cesar M. , Sheiham Aubrey , Tsakos Georgios 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to assess the level of agreement between two commonly used oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) measures, the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP14) and the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP).Methods:A sample of 1,675 15‐ to 16‐year‐old students attending all schools in Bauru (Sao Paulo, Brazil) was selected. The impact of oral conditions on quality of life in the last 6 months was reported using both OHIP14 and OIDP. To allow for comparison with the 100 percent OIDP score, OHIP14 scores were converted to percentages. Then, agreement between the two OHRQoL measures was analyzed using the Bland and Altman method.Results:The mean difference between OHIP14 and OIDP was 6.48 percent [confidence interval95%(6.08; 6.89)], with higher scores reported for OHIP14 than for OIDP. Besides, 95 percent of the differences between the two OHRQoL measures were between −10.59 and 23.56 percent. Finally, differences between OHIP14 and OIDP increased significantly as the magnitude of their average increased (P < 0.001).Conclusion:There was a moderate level of agreement between OHIP14 and OIDP, which may be partly due to the fact that both OHRQoL measures assess different levels of oral impacts on quality of life in addition to having different scoring systems.
Implementing a Tobacco Assisted Referral Program in Dental Practices
Authors: Little Sally J. , Hollis Jack F. , Fellows Jeffrey L. , Snyder John J. , Dickerson John F. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Objectives: The objectives of this study are to design and implement a system‐level tobacco‐control intervention in a large prepaid dental group practice and assess effects on staff performance measures and patient satisfaction. Methods: We matched 14 dental facilities on size, socioeconomic status, smoking rate, and periodontal status, and then randomly assigned them to intervention or usual‐care control. We trained intervention staff in an “Assisted Referral” team approach for assessing tobacco use, providing tailored advice and brief counseling, and encouraging smokers to talk by telephone with a specially trained tobacco counselor. Patients could call from the office or ask that the counselor call them later. Telephone counselors helped patients explore motivations and barriers for quitting; review available cessation‐support strategies, programs, and medications; and identify next steps. Results: During the 14‐month study period, 66,516 members had annual‐ or new‐patient examinations. Both intervention and control sites had high rates of tobacco assessment (97 percent) and advice (93 percent). Intervention patients were more likely than controls (69 percent versus 3 percent, P < 0.01) to receive additional chair‐side tobacco counseling and assistance, and 11 percent agreed to receive additional telephone counseling. Intervention patients were more satisfied than controls with the dental team's tobacco‐control efforts (P < 0.03). Referral rates varied substantially for different staff. Conclusions: The Assisted Referral approach was successfully integrated into routine dental care, was well received by patients, and resulted in increased patient satisfaction. Because free telephone‐based tobacco counseling is now available nationwide, the approach may be a practical strategy for most dental‐care settings.
Characteristics of African‐American Male Caregivers in a Study of Oral Health in Detroit – A Brief Communication1
Authors: Reisine Susan , Ajrouch Kristine J. , Sohn Woosung , Lim Sungwoo , Ismail Amid 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective:The role of fathers among African‐American men, particularly related to oral health, has received relatively little scholarly attention. This paper describes the characteristics of African‐American men who self‐identified as primary caregiver to an index child participating in the Detroit Dental Health Project.Methods:Of 1,021 caregiver–child pairs recruited to this oral health study, 52 were male. Data were collected at a central site in Detroit on: 1) demographics; 2) social support; 3) oral health beliefs, behaviors, and knowledge; 4) caregivers' and child's oral health.Results:Participants reported good availability of social support and high perceived self‐efficacy to take care of their child's teeth, yet, they possessed limited knowledge on preventing oral health problems. Moreover, male caregivers had high levels of caries, missing teeth, and poor hygiene.Conclusions:Findings may inform the development of effective interventions aimed at male caregivers to improve knowledge and understanding of the caries process, particularly concerning their children.
Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries Among Very Young Urban Boston Children Compared with US Children
Authors: Nunn Martha E. , Dietrich Thomas , Singh Harpreet K. , Henshaw Michelle M. , Kressin Nancy R. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Objectives:
The aims of this study were to compare prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in 1‐ to 3‐year‐old children seeing primary‐care pediatricians at two urban medical centers in Boston to the prevalence of ECC in similarly aged US children surveyed as part of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and to assess risk factors for ECC among this cohort of children compared with risk factors among similarly aged US children. Methods: Characteristics of 787 1‐ to 3‐year‐old children from two urban Boston medical centers were compared with those of 3,644 similarly aged US children surveyed as part of NHANES III. Demographic and social characteristics and ECC prevalence by putative risk factors were compared. A multiple logistic regression model was fit to assess putative risk factors and difference between groups simultaneously. Results: Race, age, previous dental visit, parents' education, and household income were significantly associated with ECC prevalence. Parents' place of birth was a significant effect modifier with lower ECC among Boston children of immigrants than among US children of immigrants. Conclusions: Lower ECC prevalence among urban Boston children of immigrant parents compared with US children of immigrant parents may reflect changing immigrant composition in the United States since NHANES III or a different immigrant composition in the Boston area compared with the United States. This finding reinforces the need for further research of immigrants in order to understand cultural practices that may affect oral health. Finally, low ECC prevalence among very young children reinforces the importance of early intervention in reducing ECC.
Characterization of novel microsatellites from Drosophila transversa
Authors: RÄISÄNEN L. , ROININEN E. , LIIMATAINEN J. O. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe investigated a partial genomic library of Drosophila transversa for microsatellites and developed 12 markers for genetic analyses. This is the first time that microsatellite primers from the quinaria species group have been described. Four loci were cross‐amplified in D. phalerata. Nine out of the 12 microsatellite markers developed are likely to be on the X chromosome.
Chromosome-Based Genetic Complementation System forXylella fastidiosa
Authors: Matsumoto Ayumi , Young Glenn M. , Igo Michele M. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTXylella fastidiosais a xylem-limited, gram-negative bacterium that causes Pierce's disease of grapevine. Here, we describe the construction of four vectors that facilitate the insertion of genes into a neutral site (NS1) in theX. fastidiosachromosome. These vectors carry acolE1-like (pMB1) replicon and DNA sequences from NS1 flanking a multiple-cloning site and a resistance marker for one of the following antibiotics: chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, or kanamycin. InX. fastidiosa, vectors withcolE1-like (pMB1) replicons have been found to result primarily in the recovery of double recombinants rather than single recombinants. Thus, the ease of obtaining double recombinants and the stability of the resulting insertions at NS1 in the absence of selective pressure are the major advantages of this system. Based on in vitro and in planta characterizations, strains carrying insertions within NS1 are indistinguishable from wild-typeX. fastidiosain terms of growth rate, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity. To illustrate the usefulness of this system for complementation analysis, we constructed a strain carrying a mutation in theX. fastidiosa cpeBgene, which is predicted to encode a catalase/peroxidase, and showed that the sensitivity of this mutant to hydrogen peroxide could be overcome by the introduction of a wild-type copy ofcpeBat NS1. Thus, this chromosome-based complementation system provides a valuable genetic tool for investigating the role of specific genes inX. fastidiosacell physiology and virulence.
Isolation and Identification of Cellulose-Binding Proteins from Sheep Rumen Contents
Authors: Toyoda Atsushi , Iio Wataru , Mitsumori Makoto , Minato Hajime 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT

To extend our understanding of the mechanisms of plant cell wall degradation in the rumen, cellulose-binding proteins (CBPs) from the contents of a sheep rumen were directly isolated and identified using a metaproteomics approach. The rumen CBPs were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and some CBPs revealed endoglucanase activities toward carboxymethyl cellulose. Using mass spectrometry analyses, four CBPs were identified and annotated as known proteins from the predominant rumen cellulolytic bacterium
Fibrobacter succinogenes
: tetratricopeptide repeat domain protein, OmpA family protein, fibro-slime domain protein, and cellulose-binding endoglucanase F (EGF). Another CBP was identified as the cellulosomal glycosyl hydrolase family 6 exoglucanase, Cel6A, of
Piromyces equi. F. succinogenes
cells expressing EGF were found to be major members of the bacterial community on the surface or at the inner surface of hay stems by immunohistochemical analyses using anti-EGF antibody. The finding that four of the five CBPs isolated and identified from sheep rumen contents were from
F. succinogenes
indicates that
F. succinogenes
is significantly involved in cellulose degradation in the rumen.
Enhancement of UV Light Sensitivity of a
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
O3:K6 Pandemic Strain Due to Natural Lysogenization by a Telomeric Phage
Authors: Zabala Beatriz , García Katherine , Espejo Romilio T. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT

The
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
O3:K6 pandemic clonal strain was first observed in southern Chile in 2004 and has since caused approximately 8,000 seafood-related diarrhea cases in this region. The massive proliferation of the original clonal population offers a unique opportunity to study the evolution of a bacterial pathogen in its natural environment by detection and characterization of emerging bacterial variants. Here, we describe a group of pandemic variants characterized by the presence of a 42-kb extrachromosomal DNA that can be recovered by alkaline extraction. Upon treatment with mitomycin C, these variants lyse with production of a myovirus containing DNA of equal size to the plasmid but which cannot be recovered by alkaline extraction. Plasmid and phage DNAs show similar restriction patterns corresponding to enzyme sites in a circular permutation. Sequenced regions showed 81 to 99% nucleotide similarity to bacteriophage VHML of
Vibrio harveyi
. Altogether these observations indicate that the 42-kb plasmid corresponds to a prophage, consisting of a linear DNA with terminal hairpins of a telomeric temperate phage with a linear genome. Bacteria containing the prophage were 7 to 15 times more sensitive to UV radiation, likely due to phage induction by UV irradiation as plasmid curing restored the original sensitivity. The enhanced UV sensitivity could have a significant role in reducing the survival and propagation capability of the
V. parahaemolyticus
pandemic strain in the ocean.
Role of Cold Shock Proteins in Growth of
Listeria monocytogenes
under Cold and Osmotic Stress Conditions
Authors: Schmid Barbara , Klumpp Jochen , Raimann Eveline , Loessner Martin J. , Stephan Roger , Tasara Taurai 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT

The gram-positive bacterium
Listeria monocytogenes
is a food-borne pathogen of both public health and food safety significance. It possesses three small, highly homologous protein members of the cold shock protein (Csp) family. We used gene expression analysis and a set of mutants with single, double, and triple deletions of the
csp
genes to evaluate the roles of CspA, CspB, and CspD in the cold and osmotic (NaCl) stress adaptation responses of
L. monocytogenes
. All three Csps are dispensable for growth at optimal temperature (37°C). These proteins are, however, required for efficient cold and osmotic stress tolerance of this bacterium. The hierarchies of their functional importance differ, depending on the environmental stress conditions: CspA>CspD>CspB in response to cold stress versus CspD>CspA/CspB in response to NaCl salt osmotic stress. The fact that Csps are promoting
L. monocytogenes
adaptation against both cold and NaCl stress has significant implications in view of practical food microbial control measures. The combined or sequential exposure of
L. monocytogenes
cells to these two stresses in food environments might inadvertently induce cross-protection responses.
Multimeric Hemicellulases Facilitate Biomass Conversion
Authors: Fan Zhanmin , Wagschal Kurt , Chen Wei , Montross Michael D. , Lee Charles C. , Yuan Ling 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT
Two highly active trifunctional hemicellulases were constructed by linking the catalytic portion of a xylanase with an arabinofuranosidase and a xylosidase, using either flexible peptide linkers or linkers containing a cellulose-binding domain. The multifunctional enzymes retain the parental enzyme properties and exhibit synergistic effects in hydrolysis of natural xylans and corn stover.
Diversity of Beta-Propeller Phytase Genes in the Intestinal Contents of Grass Carp Provides Insight into the Release of Major Phosphorus from Phytate in Nature
Authors: Huang Huoqing , Shi Pengjun , Wang Yaru , Luo Huiying , Shao Na , Wang Guozeng , Yang Peilong , Yao Bin 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT

Phytate is the most abundant organic phosphorus compound in nature, and microbial mineralization of phytate by phytase is a key process for phosphorus recycling in the biosphere. In the present study, beta-propeller phytase (BPP) gene fragments were readily amplified from the intestinal contents of grass carp (
Ctenopharyngodon idellus
) directly or from phytate-degrading isolates from the same source, confirming the widespread occurrence of BPP in aquatic communities. The amounts of sequences collected using these two methods differed (88 distinct genes versus 10 isolates), but the sequences showed the same general topology based on phylogenetic analysis. All of the sequences fell in five clusters and were distinct from those of
Anabaena
,
Gloeobacter
,
Streptomyces
,
Flavobacterium
,
Prosthecochloris
, and
Desulfuromonas
, which have never been found in the grass carp intestine. Analysis of the microbial diversity by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis demonstrated that unculturable bacteria were dominant bacteria in the grass carp intestine and thus the predominant phytate-degrading organisms. The predominant cultured species corresponding to the phytate-degrading isolates,
Pseudomonas
,
Bacillus
and
Shewanella
species, might be the main source of known BPPs. A phytase from
Brevundimonas
was first obtained from cultured species. Combining our results with Lim et al.'s inference that phytate-mineralizing bacteria are widely distributed and highly diverse in nature (B. L. Lim, P. Yeung, C. Cheng, and J. E. Hill, ISME J.
1:
321-330, 2007), we concluded that BPP is the major phytate-degrading enzyme in nature, that most of this enzyme might originate from unculturable bacteria, and that the distribution of BPP may be related to the type of niche. To our knowledge, this is the first study to experimentally estimate BPP diversity in situ.
Bacteroidales
Diversity in Ring-Billed Gulls (
Laurus delawarensis
) Residing at Lake Michigan Beaches
Authors: Jeter Sonja N. , McDermott Colleen M. , Bower Patricia A. , Kinzelman Julie L. , Bootsma Melinda J. , Goetz Giles W. , McLellan Sandra L. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the occurrence and diversity of
Bacteroidales
fecal bacteria in gulls residing in the Great Lakes region. Members of this bacterial order have been widely employed as human and bovine host-specific markers of fecal pollution; however, few studies have focused on gulls, which can be a major source of fecal indicator bacteria and pathogens at beaches. We found a low but consistent occurrence of
Bacteroidales
in gulls at five beaches in three different counties spanning the Wisconsin shoreline of Lake Michigan. The percentages of gulls positive for
Bacteroidales
were 4 to 8% at beaches in the southern part of the state and 8 to 50% at beaches in the north. Sequencing of 931 clones from seven gull
Bacteroidales
16S rRNA gene libraries revealed a large amount of diversity in both individual and pooled gull fecal samples. Two libraries constructed from pooled gull fecal samples (
n
= 5 and
n
= 6) did not have a greater richness of sequences than individual samples, suggesting that even within a single gull diversity is high and an extensive sequencing effort is needed to characterize the populations. Estimates of the numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for the libraries obtained using different similarity levels revealed a large amount of microdiveristy with a limited number of OTUs at the 95% similarity level. Gull sequences were clustered by the beach from which they were collected, suggesting that there were geographic effects on the distribution of
Bacteriodales
. More than 53% of the 16S rRNA gene sequences from gulls at the southern beaches were associated with the family
Porphyromonadaceae
, primarily the genus
Parabacteroides
, whereas sequences from gulls at the northern beaches were comprised of
Bacteroidaceae
and
Prevotellaceae
sequences. Comparison of gull sequences with sequences from goose, canine, raccoon, and sewage sources revealed distinct clusters of closely related gull sequences; however, these sequences were widely dispersed across a dendrogram that included all other sources, including previously characterized gull
Bacteroidales
from other studies, suggesting that geographic influence or simply sample representation plays a greater role in the observed population structure than strictly the host gut environment.
Silver-Palladium Surfaces Inhibit Biofilm Formation
Authors: Chiang Wen-Chi , Schroll Casper , Hilbert Lisbeth Rischel , Møller Per , Tolker-Nielsen Tim 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT

Undesired biofilm formation is a major concern in many areas. In the present study, we investigated biofilm-inhibiting properties of a silver-palladium surface that kills bacteria by generating microelectric fields and electrochemical redox processes. For evaluation of the biofilm inhibition efficacy and study of the biofilm inhibition mechanism, the silver-sensitive
Escherichia coli
J53 and the silver-resistant
E. coli
J53[pMG101] strains were used as model organisms, and batch and flow chamber setups were used as model systems. In the case of the silver-sensitive strain, the silver-palladium surfaces killed the bacteria and prevented biofilm formation under conditions of low or high bacterial load. In the case of the silver-resistant strain, the silver-palladium surfaces killed surface-associated bacteria and prevented biofilm formation under conditions of low bacterial load, whereas under conditions of high bacterial load, biofilm formation occurred upon a layer of surface-associated dead bacteria.