bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality among danish merchant seamen from 1970 to 1985
Authors: Brandt L. P. A. , Kirk N. U. , Jensen O. C. , Hansen H. L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA retrospective cohort study was performed to analyze the mortality patterns of Danish merchant seamen in the period 1970‐1985. The population census in 1970 in Denmark was the source of information on individual occupation, age, and marital status. All men aged 20‐64 years and economically active in 1970 were included. Computerized linkage with the Danish Mortality Register gave information about the deceased persons' date and cause of death. An increased overall mortality among all groups of seamen was found, being highest for deck and engine crew members. The overall mortality was strongly dependent on age and marital status. The highest mortality rate ratios (MRR) were found among young seamen and unmarried seamen. MRRs of 1.90 and 2.47 for cancer of the respiratory system were found among engine officers and crew. The MRRs for accidents and suicide were increased for all seamen, and were highest for crew members, among whom the MRR from accidents was stable within age groups but fell for suicide with increasing age. The same pattern was found with cirrhosis of the liver, although this was positively associated with increasing age. Excess mortality from ischemic heart disease was only found among engine crew (MRR = 1.43). This study confirms earlier findings of high mortality among seafarers. Negative selection into the occupation, occupational environmental factors, and lack of health and safety promotion programs and education could be causes of the high mortality.
Retrospective cohort study of workers of a synthetic textiles plant in quebec: I. General mortality
Authors: Goldberg Mark S. , Thériault Gilles 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper presents results from a retrospective cohort study of workers of a synthetic textiles plant in Quebec. This plant has been the subject of a previous case‐control study, in which an excess risk of colorectal cancer was observed. The cohort consisted of 7,487 men and 2,724 women who had worked at least 1 year at the plant and who were either working in 1947 or were newly employed between 1947 and 1977. The period of follow‐up was from 1947 to 1986, thus yielding 307,278 person‐years of observation.Mortality rates for most causes of death were less than expected; the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all causes of death among men was 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70‐0.77) and among women it was 0.77 (95%CI: 0.68‐0.87). For men, the SMR for all neoplasms was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.69‐0.83) and for colorectal cancer it was 0.69 (95%CI: 0.52‐0.92). For women, the SMR for all neoplasms was 1.01 (95%CI: 0.83‐1.22) and for colorectal cancer it was 1.02 (95%CI: 0.57‐1.69). Among men, risks for ischemic heart disease increased with increasing length of service at the plant, even though the SMRs were less than unity (overall SMR = 0.76; 95%CI: 0.70‐0.83); no trend was observed for women.SMRs and relative risks were also calculated according to duration of employment in each processing unit. Of the scores of associations tested, very few showed increased risks. Of those showing increased risks, the data were not persuasive in indicating a connection with work at the plant; nevertheless, some of these associations may be worth following up in future studies. The following associations of potential significance were observed: all cancers, liver‐and gallbladder cancers, non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. and reticulum cell sarcoma in the cellulose acetate fiber manufacturing unit; all cancers in the polypropylene and cellulose triacetate extrusion unit and in the janitor unit; leukemias in the unexposed unit; ischemic heart disease in the maintenance and janitor units; and cerebrovascular disease in the weaving unit.
Exposure assessment in epidemiologic studies of birth defects by industrial hygiene review of maternal interviews
Authors: Katz Elizabeth A. , Shaw Gary M. , Schaffer Donna M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn epidemiologic studies of birth defects, occupational titles have frequently been used as surrogates for exposure. To avoid the error associated with such proxy exposure measures, we have designed a process in which an industrial hygienist systematically imputes exposures derived from maternal interviews. In response to a structured questionnaire, mothers of cases and controls recalled occupational and nonoccupational tasks performed or products used around the time of conception. Maternal exposures were then assigned to several a priori defined categories by an industrial hygienist. The central exposure category consists of 74 chemical families, e.g., alcohols, lead compounds. Other exposure categories are individual chemical compounds; nonchemical agents, e.g., ionizing radiation, infectious diseases; and product end‐use categories, e.g., insecticides, combustion products. A detailed description of this approach and its exposure assessment potential is presented using exposure data from 220 maternal interviews.
Prenatal lead exposure in relation to gestational age and birth weight: A review of epidemiologic studies
Authors: Andrews Kurtis W. , Savitz David A. , Hertz‐Picciotto Irva 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAlthough the adverse effect on pregnancy outcomes at high levels of lead exposure in the workplace has been recognized for years, there is uncertainty regarding the impact of exposure at the lower community exposure levels commonly encountered today. This review summarizes the epidemiologic literature and discusses pertinent methodologic issues and possible sources of interstudy variation. The authors conclude that prenatal lead exposure is unlikely to increase the risk of premature membrane rupture but does appear to increase the risk of preterm delivery. Whether prenatal lead exposure decreases gestational age in terms of infants is unclear. Prenatal lead exposure also appears to be associated with reduced birth weight, but results vary in relation to study design and degree of control for confounding. Adjustment for gestational age, a possible confounder of the birth weight‐lead exposure association, did not yield clearer results.
Colorectal cancer incidence in pattern and model makers: Evidence from a screening program
Authors: Demers Raymond Y. , Parsons Kenneth C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of colorectal cancer screening in a high risk population of pattern and model makers. The cohort of 1,641 white male automotive pattern and model makers was identified in 1981, and offered colorectal cancer screening. The program involved periodic 60 cm flexible sigmoid examination, stool occult blood testing, and digital rectal examination. Screening was offered in 1981, 1982, 1985, 1988, and 1991. Approximately 60% of those eligible participated in at least one screening examination. Nonparticipants showed a relative risk for incident colorectal cancer of over 10, compared to those who participated at least once in the screening. Cohort tracking has accumulated 10 years; results suggest a benefit to colorectal cancer screening in this population.
Exposure to magnetic fields among electrical workers in relation to leukemia risk in Los Angeles County
Authors: London Stephanie J. , Bowman Joseph D. , Sobel Eugene , Thomas Duncan C. , Garabrant David H. , Pearce Neil , Bernstein Leslie , Peters John M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTo Address the hypotheses that electrical workers are exposed to higher magnetic fields and are at higher risk of leukemia than nonelectrical workers, we performed a registry‐based case‐control study among men aged 20–64 years with known occupation who were diagnosed with cancer in Los Angeles County between 1972 and 1990. Controls were men with cancers other than those of the central nervous system or leukemia. Magnetic field measurements on workers in each electrical occupation and in a random sample of occupations presumed to be nonelectrical were used to estimate magnetic field exposures for each occupation. Among men in electrical occupations, 121 leukemias were diagnosed. With the exception of electrical engineers, magnetic field exposures were higher among workers in electrical occupations than in nonelectrical occupations. A weakly positive trend in leukemia risk across average occupational magnetic field exposure was observed (odds ratio [OR] per 10 milligauss increase in average magnetic field = 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–1.5). A slightly stronger association was observed for chronic myloid leukemia, although only 28 cases occurred among electrical workers (OR 10 milligauss increase = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2–2.0). The results were not materially altered by adjustment for exposure to several agents known or suspected to cause leukemia. Although not conclusive, these results are consistent with findings from studies based on job title alone that electrical workers may be at slightly increased risk of leukemia.
Pleural mesothelioma: A descriptive analysis based on a case‐control study and mortality data in Ile de France, 1987–1990
Authors: Iwatsubo Yuriko , Pairon Jean‐Claude , de Beaune Corinne Archambault , Chamming's Soizic , Bignon Jean , Brochard Patrick 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIncidence rates of pleural mesothelioma in Ile de France were examined for the period 1987–1990, on the basis of information collected in a case‐control study. This study was designed to include all new cases of pleural mesothelioma occurring in the region. On the other hand, mortality rates from pleural malignancies in the same region were examined on the basis of death certificates recorded by INSERM for the same period.A large difference was found between the two types of data. Average annual incidence rates were 7.5 per million among men and 1.6 per million among women. Average annual mortality rates due to primary pleural malignancies were 25.2 per million in males and 8.9 per million in females. This study confirms discordances between incidence and mortality data for pleural malignancies already reported in several countries. However, contrasting with some previous reports, the annual mortality rate from pleural malignancies was higher than the incidence rate of mesothelioma in this study. This emphasizes the usefulness of a specific investigation to explain such discordances, prior to comparison of data from one country to another.
No interaction between the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5‐HTTLPR) and childhood adversity or recent stressful life events on symptoms of depression: Results from two community surveys
Authors: Chipman P. , Jorm A.F. , Prior M. , Sanson A. , Smart D. , Tan X. , Easteal S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this study we investigated interactions between the 5‐HTTLPR genotype and environmental risk factors (G × E) on symptoms of depression in two large Australian community samples of adolescents and young adults. We postulated that a significant interaction between the 5‐HTTLPR genotype and environmental risk factors of childhood adversity or stressful life events on symptoms of depression would be observed in subjects with at least one short allele (s/l or s/s) compared with subjects with no short alleles (l/l). We did not find significant G × E interactions between the 5‐HTTLPR genotype and recent stressful life events or childhood adversity on symptoms of depression in our sample populations. However, we did find adolescents aged 17–18 years homozygous for the long allele (l/l) and exposed to persistently high levels of family adversity over a 6‐year period were at a greater risk of depression than subjects with the same genotype exposed to no or persistently low levels of family adversity. This interaction should be interpreted cautiously due to the small number of depressed subjects in the sample with persistently high levels of family adversity. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deprotonierende Metallierungen mit 'at‐Verbindungen: Synergie, Synthese und Strukturaufbau
Authors: Mulvey Robert E. , Mongin Florence , Uchiyama Masanobu , Kondo Yoshinori 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn der organischen Synthesechemie werden Monometallspezies wie Organolithiumverbindungen seit langem für Deprotonierungsreaktionen genutzt. In den letzten Jahren ist mit den 'at‐Komplexen eine neue Klasse von Metallierungsreagentien hinzugetreten, die das Syntheserepertoire metallorganischer Spezies ergänzt. Dank eines frei wählbaren Metallzentrums (Magnesium, Zink oder Aluminium), frei wählbarer Liganden (in Art und Anzahl) und eines frei wählbaren sekundären Metallzentrums (eines Alkalimetalls wie Lithium oder Natrium) sind 'at‐Komplexe äußerst vielseitige basische Reagentien, deren synergetische Reaktionsweisen mit den homometallischen Magnesium‐, Zink‐ oder Aluminiumverbindungen nicht beobachtet werden. Deprotonierungen mit metallorganischen 'at‐Komplexen haben neue Perspektiven in der organischen Chemie eröffnet, mit ungewöhnlichen Reaktivitäten und manchmal unvorhergesehenen Regioselektivitäten.
In Situ and Operando Spectroscopy for Assessing Mechanisms of Gas Sensing
Authors: Gurlo Alexander , Riedel Ralf 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe mechanistic description of gas sensing on inorganic, organic, and polymeric materials is of great scientific and technological interest. The understanding of surface and bulk reactions responsible for gas‐sensing effects will lead to increased selectivity and sensitivity in the chemical determination of gases and thus to the development of better sensors. In recent years, spectroscopic tools have been developed to follow the physicochemical processes taking place in an active sensing element in real time and under operating conditions. Thus, the monitoring of the processes in “living” gas sensors is no longer an unsolvable problem. This Review gives an overview of in situ and operando spectroscopic techniques for the study of gas‐sensing mechanisms on solid‐state sensors.
Deprotonative Metalation Using Ate Compounds: Synergy, Synthesis, and Structure Building
Authors: Mulvey Robert E. , Mongin Florence , Uchiyama Masanobu , Kondo Yoshinori 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHistorically, single‐metal organometallic species such as organolithium compounds have been the reagents of choice in synthetic organic chemistry for performing deprotonation reactions. Over the past few years, a complementary new class of metalating agents has started to emerge. Owing to a variable central metal (magnesium, zinc, or aluminum), variable ligands (both in their nature and number), and a variable second metallic center (an alkali metal such as lithium or sodium), “ate” complexes are highly versatile bases that exhibit a synergic chemistry which cannot be replicated by the homometallic magnesium, zinc, or aluminum compounds on their own. Deprotonation accomplished by using these organometallic ate complexes has opened up new perspectives in organic chemistry with unprecedented reactivities and sometimes unusual and unpredictable regioselectivities.
Advances in molecular biology of hibernation in mammals
Authors: Andrews Matthew T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMammalian hibernation is characterized by profound reductions in metabolism, oxygen consumption and heart rate. As a result, the animal enters a state of suspended animation where core body temperatures can plummet as low as −2.9°C. Not only can hibernating mammals survive these physiological extremes, but they also return to a normothermic state of activity without reperfusion injury or other ill effects. This review examines recent findings on the genes, proteins and small molecules that control the induction and maintenance of hibernation in mammals. The molecular events involved with remodeling metabolism, inducing hypothermia and maintaining organ function are discussed and considered with respect to analogous processes in non‐hibernating mammals such as mice and humans. The advent of sequenced genomes from three distantly related hibernators, a bat, hedgehog and ground squirrel, provides additional opportunities for molecular biologists to explore the mechanistic aspects of this biological adaptation in greater detail. BioEssays 29:431–440, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lentiviral nuclear import: a complex interplay between virus and host
Authors: De Rijck Jan , Vandekerckhove Linos , Christ Frauke , Debyser Zeger 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAlthough the capacity to infect non‐dividing cells is a hallmark of lentiviruses, nuclear import is still barely understood. More than 100 research papers have been dedicated to this topic during the last 15 years, yet, more questions have been raised than answers. The signal‐facilitating translocation of the viral preintegration complex (PIC) through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) remains unknown. It is clear, however, that nuclear import is the result of a complex interplay between viral and cellular components. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on nuclear import. We focus on the controversies and pitfalls and discuss the interplay between virus and host. BioEssays 29:441–451, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic connections of the actin cytoskeleton and beyond
Authors: Percipalle Piergiorgio 
Published: April 2007

AbstractActin is a key protein in numerous cellular functions. One recent study has identified a large set of genes, associated with the actin cytoskeleton, which could be grouped into a wide spectrum of cytoplasmic and nuclear functions, such as protein biosynthesis and gene transcription.1 Deletions of many of the identified genes affected cellular actin organization,1 suggesting a functional link between different actin fractions probably regulated through changes in actin dynamics. The data are very exciting; speculations on the crosstalk between cytoplasmic and nuclear actin fractions in different cellular contexts may help placing the results in perspective to further understand how actin‐mediated signalling affects cellular functions, such as gene expression. BioEssays 29:407–411, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The potential for the formation of the arginine biosynthetic enzymes and its masking during evolution
Authors: Maas Werner K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe present account spans the history of arginine regulation from its discovery in 1955 until the present. In 1957 I demonstrated that not only added arginine but also internally produced arginine represses enzyme formation and that the potential for enzyme synthesis is in excess of what is required for growth. In 1959 I located the regulatory gene argR encoding the arginine repressor. An unusual feature of this research was the finding that in E. coli B, in contrast to E. coli K12, arginine synthesis is permanently repressed, independent of arginine. This was due to a single amino acid difference between the two repressors. Recent studies showed that, in natural populations of E. coli, K12‐type regulation is much more frequent than B‐type regulation, and that E. coli B evolved from a strain with K12‐type regulation. In competition experiments, E. coli K12 was found to be favored in the presence of arginine and E. coli B in its absence, showing that contrary to expectations permanently turned off regulation is favored over negative regulation in some environments. BioEssays 29:484–488, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of local and residual structures on the scaling behavior and dimensions of unfolded proteins
Authors: Wang Zhisong , Plaxco Kevin W. , Makarov Dmitrii E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAlthough recent spectroscopic studies of chemically denatured proteins hint at significant nonrandom residual structure, the results of extensive small angle X‐ray scattering studies suggest random coil behavior, calling for a coherent understanding of these seemingly contradicting observations. Here, we report the results of a Monte Carlo study of the effects of two types of local structures, α helix and Polyproline II (PPII) helix, on the dimensions of random coil polyalanine chains viewed as a model of highly denatured proteins. We find that although Flory's power law scaling, long regarded as a signature of random coil behavior, holds for chains containing up to 90% α or PPII helix, the absolute magnitude of the chain dimensions is sensitive to helix content. As residual α helix content increases, the chain contracts until it reaches a minimum radius at ∼70% helix, after which the chain dimensions expand rapidly. With an α helix content of ∼20%, corresponding to the Ramachandran probability of being in the helical basin, experimentally observed radii of gyration are recovered. Experimental radii are similarly recovered at an α helix content of ∼87%, providing an explanation for the previously puzzling experimental finding that the dimensions of the highly helical methanol‐induced unfolded state are experimentally indistinguishable from those of the helix‐poor urea‐unfolded state. In contrast, the radius of gyration increases monotonically with increasing PPII content, and is always more expanded than the dimensions observed experimentally. These results suggest that PPII is unlikely the sole, dominant preferred conformation for unfolded proteins. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 86: 321–328, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
A validated high‐performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of moclobemide and its two metabolites in human plasma and application to pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Plenis Alina , Chmielewska Aleksandra , Konieczna Lucyna , Lamparczyk Henryk 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA rapid and sensitive reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic method (RP‐HPLC) with ultraviolet detection has been developed for the determination of moclobemide and its metabolites, p‐chloro‐N‐(‐2‐morpholinoethyl)benzamide N′‐oxide (Ro 12‐5637) and p‐chloro‐N‐[2‐(3‐oxomorpholino)ethyl]‐benzamide (Ro 12‐8095), in human plasma. The assay was performed after single liquid–liquid extraction with dichloromethane at alkaline pH using phenacetin as the internal standard. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column using a mixture of acetonitrile and water (25:75, v/v), adjusted to pH 2.7 with ortho‐phosphoric acid, as mobile phase. Spectrophotometric detection was performed at 239 nm. The method has been validated for accuracy, precision, selectivity, linearity, recovery and stability. The quantification limit for moclobemide and Ro 12‐8095 was 10 ng/mL, and for Ro 12‐5637 was 30 ng/mL. Linearity of the method was confirmed for the range 20–2500 ng/mL for moclobemide (r = 0.9998), 20–1750 ng/mL for Ro 12‐8095 (r = 0.9996) and 30–350 ng/mL for Ro 12‐5637 (r = 0.9991). Moreover, within‐day and between‐day precisions and accuracies of the method were established. The described method was successfully applied in pharmacokinetic studies of parent drug and its two metabolites after a single oral administration of 150 mg of moclobemide to 20 healthy volunteers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.