bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfusion Camp Rwanda 2023: A train‐the‐trainer workshop establishing locally driven leadership in knowledge translation and sustainability in transfusion medicine education
Authors: Nizeyimana Francoise , Pendergrast Jacob , Ntegerejuwampayee Angelique , Lin Yulia , Kanyamuhunga Aimable , Gashaija Christopher , Masaisa Florence , Uzamukunda Claudine , Mutuyimana Grace , Ndicunguye Fabrice , Gaseminari Alexis , Mulindwa Bruce , Muyombo Thomas , Chargé Sophie , Skelton Teresa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBlood transfusion is performed daily in hospitals. Gaps exist between transfusion guidelines and day‐to‐day clinical care. These gaps are prevalent in resource‐limited settings due to scarce continuing medical education. Transfusion Camp Rwanda aims to bridge this gap by (1) delivering context‐appropriate up‐to‐date education, (2) teaching participants how to independently deliver a case‐based curriculum and (3) identifying strategies to promote change in transfusion practice in Rwanda.Materials and MethodsIn May 2023, a multidisciplinary team from Canada and Rwanda carried out a Transfusion Camp train‐the‐trainer workshop for clinicians from all five provinces in Rwanda. Participants attended in‐person lectures, seminars and workshop group discussions on the implementation of the Rwanda National Directives on Rational Use of Blood and Blood Components. Course feedback was based on the Kirkpatrick Model of Training and Evaluation.ResultsFifty‐one physicians and laboratory technicians participated in the course. Confidence in caring for patients based on transfusion guidelines was self‐rated as ‘excellent’ by 23% of participants before and 77% after, while 84% reported they planned to teach Transfusion Camp to others and 100% responded that they will apply course content to clinical practice. Workshop groups recommended strategies to improve transfusion medicine practice in Rwanda in four domains: Communication, Institutional Approval, Practice Audits and Education.ConclusionTransfusion medicine education in Rwanda using a train‐the‐trainer approach was well‐received by participants and allowed for a more detailed understanding of the local medical and educational environment. These observations can inform the further expansion of the Transfusion Camp Rwanda project.
Machine-Learning Metacomputing for Materials Science Data
Authors: Steuben J. C. , Geltmacher A. B. , Rodriguez S. N. , Birnbaum A. J. , Graber B. D. , Rawlings A. K. , Iliopoulos A. P. , Michopoulos J. G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Materials science requires the collection and analysis of great quantities of data. These data almost invariably require various post-acquisition computation to remove noise, classify observations, fit parametric models, or perform other operations. Recently developed machine-learning (ML) algorithms have demonstrated great capability for performing many of these operations, and often produce higher quality output than traditional methods. However, it has been widely observed that such algorithms often suffer from issues such as limited generalizability and the tendency to “over fit” to the input data. In order to address such issues, this work introduces a metacomputing framework capable of systematically selecting, tuning, and training the best available machine-learning model in order to process an input dataset. In addition, a unique “cross-training” methodology is used to incorporate underlying physics or multiphysics relationships into the structure of the resultant ML model. This metacomputing approach is demonstrated on four example problems: repairing “gaps” in a multiphysics dataset, improving the output of electron back-scatter detection crystallographic measurements, removing spurious artifacts from X-ray microtomography data, and identifying material constitutive relationships from tensile test data. The performance of the metacomputing framework on these disparate problems is discussed, as are future plans for further deploying metacomputing technologies in the context of materials science and mechanical engineering.
Deep-sea
in situ
and laboratory multi-omics provide insights into the sulfur assimilation of a deep-sea
Chloroflexota
bacterium
Authors: Zheng Rikuan , Wang Chong , Sun Chaomin 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Chloroflexota
bacteria are abundant and globally distributed in various deep-sea ecosystems. It has been reported based on metagenomics data that two deep-sea
Chloroflexota
lineages (the SAR202 group and
Dehalococcoidia
class) have the potential to drive sulfur cycling. However, the absence of cultured
Chloroflexota
representatives is a significant bottleneck toward understanding their contribution to the deep-sea sulfur cycling. In this study, we find that
Phototrophicus methaneseepsis
ZRK33 isolated from deep-sea sediment has a heterotrophic lifestyle and can assimilate sulfate and thiosulfate. Using combined physiological, genomic, proteomic, and
in situ
transcriptomic methods, we find that strain ZRK33 can perform assimilatory sulfate reduction in both laboratory and deep-sea conditions. Metabolism of sulfate or thiosulfate by strain ZRK33 significantly promotes the transport and degradation of various macromolecules and thereby stimulates the energy production. In addition, metagenomic results show that genes associated with assimilatory and dissimilatory sulfate reduction are ubiquitously distributed in the metagenome-assembled genomes of
Chloroflexota
members derived from deep-sea sediments. Metatranscriptomic results also show that the expression levels of related genes are upregulated, strongly suggesting that
Chloroflexota
bacteria may play undocumented roles in deep-sea sulfur cycling.

IMPORTANCE

The cycling of sulfur is one of Earth's major biogeochemical processes and is closely related to the energy metabolism of microorganisms living in the deep-sea cold seep and hydrothermal vents. To date, some of the members of
Chloroflexota
are proposed to play a previously unrecognized role in sulfur cycling. However, the sulfur metabolic characteristics of deep-sea
Chloroflexota
bacteria have never been reported, and remain to be verified in cultured deep-sea representatives. Here, we show that the deep-sea
Chloroflexota
bacterium ZRK33 can perform sulfate assimilation in both laboratory and deep-sea conditions, which expands our knowledge of the sulfur metabolic potential of deep-sea
Chloroflexota
bacteria. We also show that the genes associated with assimilatory and dissimilatory sulfate reduction ubiquitously distribute in the deep-sea
Chloroflexota
members, providing hints to the roles of
Chloroflexota
bacteria in deep-sea sulfur biogeochemical cycling.
Pathogenomic analysis and characterization of
Pasteurella multocida
strains recovered from human infections
Authors: Smallman Thomas R. , Perlaza-Jiménez Laura , Wang Xiaochu , Korman Tony M. , Kotsanas Despina , Gibson Justine S. , Turni Conny , Harper Marina , Boyce John D. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Pasteurella multocida
is an upper respiratory tract commensal in several mammal and bird species but can also cause severe disease in humans and in production animals such as poultry, cattle, and pigs. In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing of
P. multocida
isolates recovered from a range of human infections, from the mouths of cats, and from wounds on dogs. Together with publicly available
P. multocida
genome sequences, we performed phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses. While isolates from cats and dogs were spread across the phylogenetic tree, human infections were caused almost exclusively by subsp.
septica
strains. Most of the human isolates were capsule type A and LPS type L1 and L3; however, some strains lacked a capsule biosynthesis locus, and some strains contained a novel LPS outer-core locus, distinct from the eight LPS loci that can currently be identified using an LPS multiplex PCR. In addition, the
P. multocida
strains isolated from human infections contained novel mobile genetic elements. We compiled a curated database of known
P. multocida
virulence factor and antibiotic resistance genes (PastyVRDB) allowing for detailed characterization of isolates. The majority of human
P. multocida
isolates encoded a reduced range of iron receptors and contained only one filamentous hemagglutinin gene. Finally, gene-trait analysis identified a putative L-fucose uptake and utilization pathway that was over-represented in subsp.
septica
strains and may represent a novel host predilection mechanism in this subspecies. Together, these analyses have identified pathogenic mechanisms likely important for
P. multocida
zoonotic infections.

IMPORTANCE

Pasteurella multocida
can cause serious infections in humans, including skin and wound infections, pneumonia, peritonitis, meningitis, and bacteraemia. Cats and dogs are known vectors of human pasteurellosis, transmitting
P. multocida
via bite wounds or contact with animal saliva. The mechanisms that underpin
P. multocida
human predilection and pathogenesis are poorly understood. With increasing identification of antibiotic-resistant
P. multocida
strains, understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing novel treatments and control strategies to combat
P. multocida
human infection. Here, we show that a narrow range of
P. multocida
strains cause disease in humans, while cats and dogs, common vectors for zoonotic infections, can harbor a wide range of
P. multocida
strains. We also present a curated
P. multocida
-specific database, allowing quick and detailed characterization of newly sequenced
P. multocida
isolates.
Impact of rift history on the structural style of intracontinental rift-inversion orogens
Authors: Vasey Dylan A. , Naliboff John B. , Cowgill Eric , Brune Sascha , Glerum Anne , Zwaan Frank 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Although many collisional orogens form after subduction of oceanic lithosphere between two continents, some orogens result from strain localization within a continent via inversion of structures inherited from continental rifting. Intracontinental rift-inversion orogens exhibit a range of structural styles, but the underlying causes of such variability have not been extensively explored. We use numerical models of intracontinental rift inversion to investigate the impact of parameters including rift structure, rift duration, post-rift cooling, and convergence velocity on orogen structure. Our models reproduce the natural variability of rift-inversion orogens and can be categorized using three endmember styles: asymmetric underthrusting (AU), distributed thickening (DT), and localized polarity flip (PF). Inversion of narrow rifts tends to produce orogens with more localized deformation (styles AU and PF) than those resulting from wide rifts. However, multiple combinations of the parameters we investigated can produce the same structural style. Thus, our models indicate no unique relationship between orogenic structure and the conditions prior to and during inversion. Because the style of rift-inversion orogenesis is highly contingent upon the rift history prior to inversion, knowing the geologic history that preceded rift inversion is essential for translating orogenic structure into the processes that produced that structure.
Lithospheric mantle as a metal storage reservoir for orogenic gold deposits in active continental margins: Evidence from Hg isotopes
Authors: Zhang Jing-Yuan , Qiu Kun-Feng , Yin Runsheng , Long Zheng-Yu , Feng Yue-Chuan , Yu Hao-Cheng , Gao Zi-Yue , Deng Jun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) is now suggested by many workers to play a role in the formation of orogenic gold deposits in active continental margins, given that the gold and volatiles may be introduced into the SCLM during plate subduction. The giant Cretaceous Jiaodong gold province within the North China block occurs in a convergent margin setting where there is no terrane accretion, thus eliminating from consideration the commonly accepted metal and fluid source reservoir for orogenic gold—the metamorphosed upper crust of an active orogenic belt. Thus, the auriferous fluids were released below the high-grade Archean cratonic rocks from either enriched SCLM or directly from the subducted oceanic slab. Mercury (Hg) isotopes allow fingerprinting of isotopically distinct reservoirs, discriminating between the two possibilities. We present Hg isotope data for a set of pyrite grains, native gold, and lamprophyres from six main gold districts in the Jiaodong gold province. These samples dominantly yielded near-zero Δ199Hg (0‰ ± 0.1‰), within uncertainty of the mantle Δ199Hg value. The results provide novel evidence that the SCLM predominantly controlled the Hg budget of the Jiaodong gold deposits, implying that the SCLM acted as a buffer for the crustal mass-independent fractionation Hg signatures and a storage reservoir for gold and volatiles. Consequently, during slab subduction, gold and volatiles were recycled and stored within the SCLM and were later released from the mantle during uplift and relaxation of compressional tectonics.
Spatiotemporal Variability of the Characteristics of the Black Sea Eddies Based on the Results of Their Three-Dimensional Identification Using NEMO Model Simulation
Authors: Kubryakov A. A. , Mizyuk A. I. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The vertical variability of the geometric, dynamic, and thermohaline characteristics of Black Sea eddies is studied using three-dimensional identification of closed streamlines based on the results of simulations of the NEMO model in 2006–2016. The vertical extent of eddies depends linearly on their orbital velocity and significantly affects the speed of their translation motion. The influence of the background current on the upper part of the eddy leads to the mean tilt of the vertical axis of anticyclones in the cyclonic direction and this tilt is maximum in the zone of the Black Sea Rim Current. The eddies occupying the upper layer (up to 150 m) move relatively quickly at a speed of 0.08–0.14 m/s, since they are advected by the Rim Current. The most intense eddy dynamics is observed over the continental slope in the upper 20–70 m layer, where the probability of observing eddies exceeds 30%. Several maxima appear in the surface layer on the shallow northwestern shelf near the mouths of the Danube, Southern Bug, and Dnieper rivers. The relationship between the orbital velocity of eddies, their thermohaline structure, and stratification were estimated. Stability decreases in anticyclonic eddies within the layer 40–100 m due to the lowering of the pycnocline, and in cyclones it increases due to its elevation; in the underlying layers a compensating change of the opposite sign is observed. However, as the orbital velocity increases in the eddies of both signs, a decrease in stratification occurs in the upper 0–100 m layer, which is probably associated with an increase in the vertical shear of the current velocity. Three-dimensional identification of eddies makes it possible to track in detail changes in the individual characteristics of an eddy during its evolution. Using the example of an eddy off the Anatolian coast, it is shown that intensification of anticyclones is associated with the processes of entrainment of shelf waters, which can be one of the important sources of potential energy for anticyclones in the Black Sea.
Survival following lung volume reduction procedures: results from the UK Lung Volume Reduction (UKLVR) registry
Authors: Buttery S C , Lewis A , Alzetani A , Bolton C E , Curtis K J , Dodd J W , Habib A M , Hussain A , Havelock T , Jordan S , Kallis C , Kemp S V , Kirk A , Lawson R A , Mahadeva R , Munavvar M , Naidu B , Rathinam S , Shackcloth M , Shah P L , Tenconi S , Hopkinson N S 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionLung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) and endobronchial valve (EBV) placement can produce substantial benefits in appropriately selected people with emphysema. The UK Lung Volume Reduction (UKLVR) registry is a national multicentre observational study set up to support quality standards and assess outcomes from LVR procedures at specialist centres across the UK.MethodsData were analysed for all patients undergoing an LVR procedure (LVRS/EBV) who were recruited into the study at participating centres between January 2017 and June 2022, including; disease severity and risk assessment, compliance with guidelines for selection, procedural complications and survival to February 2023.ResultsData on 541 patients from 14 participating centres were analysed. Baseline disease severity was similar in patients who had surgery n=244 (44.9%), or EBV placement n=219 (40.9%), for example, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)32.1 (12.1)% vs 31.2 (11.6)%. 89% of cases had discussion at a multidisciplinary meeting recorded. Median (IQR) length of stay postprocedure for LVRS and EBVs was 12 (13) vs 4 (4) days(p=0.01). Increasing age, male gender and lower FEV1%predicted were associated with mortality risk, but survival did not differ between the two procedures, with 50 (10.8%) deaths during follow-up in the LVRS group vs 45 (9.7%) following EBVs (adjusted HR 1.10 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.67) p=0.661)ConclusionBased on data entered in the UKLVR registry, LVRS and EBV procedures for emphysema are being performed in people with similar disease severity and long-term survival is similar in both groups.
Exercise rehabilitation programmes for pulmonary hypertension: a systematic review of intervention components and reporting quality
Authors: McGregor Gordon , Powell Richard , Finnegan Susanne , Nichols Simon , Underwood Martin 
Published: March 2024

Objectives
To identify the components, and assess the reporting quality, of exercise training interventions for people living with pulmonary hypertension.

Design
Systematic review with analysis of intervention reporting quality using the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT).

Data sources
Eligible studies in the Cochrane Systematic Review of exercise-based rehabilitation for pulmonary hypertension, updated with a new search of relevant databases from 1 August 2016 to 15 January 2018.

Eligibility criteria
Peer-reviewed journal articles of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials, and non-controlled prospective observational studies, investigating dynamic exercise training interventions in adult humans with diagnosed pulmonary hypertension, reporting on at least one physiological and/or psychosocial outcome.

Results
Interventions typically involved cycle ergometry and walking. They were delivered as 3-week inpatient, or outpatient and/or home-based programmes, lasting for 4–15 weeks. Components relating specifically to exercise prescription were described satisfactorily and in more detail than motivational/behavioural change strategies, adherence and fidelity. Mean CERT score was 13.1 (range 8–17) out of a possible maximum score of 19. No studies fully reported every aspect of an exercise intervention to the standard recommended by CERT.

Summary/conclusion
Considerable variability was evident in the components and reporting quality of interventions for exercise rehabilitation studies in pulmonary hypertension. Interventional studies using exercise training should pay greater attention to describing motivational/behavioural change strategies, adherence and fidelity. Detailed description of these parameters is essential for the safe and effective replication of exercise rehabilitation interventions for pulmonary hypertension in clinical practice.

Trial registration number

NCT42018085558.
Concussion in adolescent rugby union players: comprehensive acute assessment protocol and development of the SSC concussion passport to monitor long-term health
Authors: Cosgrave Ciaran , Fuller Colm , Franklyn-Miller Andy , Falvey Eanna , Beirne Cliff , Ryan John , McCrory Paul 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Sports-related concussion (SRC) can be challenging to diagnose, assess and manage. Much of the SRC research is conducted on adults. The assessment of SRC should aim to identify deficits using a detailed multimodal assessment; however, most studies investigating the effects of SRC use diagnostic tools in isolation. It is likely that a combination of diagnostic tests will improve diagnostic accuracy. In this study, we aim to investigate how concussion affects adolescent rugby players and how a variety of diagnostic tools interact with each other as participants recover from their injury. The study will also determine the logistics of recording an individual’s concussion history on a virtual ‘Concussion Passport’ that would remain with the individual throughout their sporting career to allow monitoring of long-term health.

Methods and analysis
All rugby players (n=211) from the Senior Cup Teams of five schools in Dublin, Ireland will be invited to participate in the study. Baseline testing will be performed at the Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin (SSC) before the rugby season commences. Participants will be followed up over the course of the rugby season. At baseline and at each postconcussion visit, participants will complete the following: Questionnaire, Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 3, Balance Error Scoring System, Computerised Neurocognitive Testing, Vestibulo-ocular assessment, King Devick test, Graded exercise test, Blood tests, Neck strength, FitBit.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval was obtained from the Sports Surgery Clinic Research Ethics Committee (Approval number: SSC 0020). On completion of the study, further papers will be written and published to present the results of the various tests.

Trial registration number

NCT03624634.