bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogeny of the chondrocranium in Corydoras aeneus (Gill, 1858) (Callichthyidae, Siluriformes)
Authors: Huysentruyt Frank , Brunain Marleen , Adriaens Dominique 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCallichthyids take a basal position in the loricarioid evolutionary lineage leading up to an algae scraping feeding mechanism in the loricariid family. Therefore, the study of the morphology and development of a callichthyid representative would contribute to a better knowledge on the differences in cranial morphology and their impact on feeding ecology within this superfamily. Therefore, development in the chondrocranium of Corydoras aeneus was studied based on 22 cleared and stained specimens and 6 series of serial sections. The latter sections were also digitized and used for 3D reconstructions. Development overall follows the typical siluriform trends in chondrocranial development. Even the low complexity of the chondrocranium at hatching fits the trend observed in other siluriforms, although other studies showed loricarioid hatchlings to generally show more complex chondrocrania. In contrast to other catfish, in C. aeneus, the notochord was never found to protrude into the hypophyseal fenestra. In addition, also differing from other siluriforms, a commissura lateralis is present, a state also reported for Ancistrus cf. triradiatus (Geerinckx et al., [2005] J Morphol 266:331–355). The splanchnocranium again has the typical siluriform shape during its ontogeny, with the presence of a compound hyosymplectic‐pterygoquadrate plate, although not fused to the neurocranium or interhyal at any time during ontogeny, a state described earlier for Callichthys callichthys (Hoedeman, [1960a] Bull Aquat Biol 1:73–84; Howes and Teugels, [1989] J Zool Lond 219:441–456). The most striking difference found in comparison to other catfishes, however, involves thebranchial basket, which arises as a single element with a further differentiation from the middle arches on in both a rostral and caudal direction. J. Morphol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lifetime exposure to potentially traumatic events in a sample of alcohol‐dependent patients in Poland
Authors: Dragan Małgorzata , Lis‐Turlejska Maja 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRecent studies show a high prevalence of traumatic events in samples of patients with a substance use disorder. In the present study, the lifetime exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) was estimated in a sample of 458 patients recruited at 17 randomly chosen alcohol‐dependence treatment units in the public healthcare sector in Poland. Eighty percent of the patients reported a history of at least one potentially traumatic event. Sixty percent of them reported experiencing more than one probable trauma. However, only the patients who experienced physical assault reported worse clinical severity in posttraumatic stress and alcohol‐use related symptomatology. The findings confirm the importance of trauma assessment in alcohol‐dependent patients and the inclusion of trauma‐related issues in the treatment of alcohol dependence.
Correlates of mental health services utilization 18 months and almost 4 years postdisaster among adults with mental health problems
Authors: Velden Peter G. van der , Yzermans C. Joris , Kleber Rolf J. , Gersons B. P. R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe authors assess the correlates of mental health services utilization (MHS) after a disaster among adults with mental health problems. Data of a three‐wave longitudinal study among adult survivors of a fireworks disaster (T1: 2–3 weeks, T2: 18 months, T3: almost 4 years postdisaster) were linked with their electronic medical records (N = 649). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that triple comorbidity of PTSD and high levels of anxiety and depression symptoms were positively associated with self‐reported MHS utilization at T2 (n = 270) and T3 (n = 216). Private insurance, predisaster psychological problems, and relocation were associated with MHS utilization at T2 while female gender, being single, and migrant status was associated with MHS utilization at T3. Receiving treatment at T2 was positively associated with receiving treatment at T3, as opposed to medium optimism at T2.
Anonymous knowledge sharing in a virtual environment: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Burnett Simon , Illingworth Lorraine 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a small pilot study examining how anonymity may potentially affect knowledge sharing in an organisation. Staff employed in a Scottish university were invited to post responses, anonymously or by including their e‐mail address, in relation to a newly introduced car park scheme on campus. One hundred and forty‐five staff participated in the study with just under half responding anonymously. The responses were analysed by content and length and the results show that very negative responses are less likely to be anonymous. While a similar proportion of identified and anonymous responses were negative in content, a higher proportion of identified responses supplied very negative responses. While suggested improvements and helpful comments are also less likely to be made anonymously, individuals are more likely to anonymously share or discuss complaints relating to past experiences and issues. In addition, anonymous responses tend to be shorter in length and more to the point than identified responses. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Influence of Process Parameters on the Characteristics of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Produced by Mixed Cultures
Authors: Serafim Luísa S. , Lemos Paulo C. , Torres Cristiana , Reis Maria A. M. , Ramos Ana M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) produced by mixed cultures is fundamental for foreseeing the possible final applications of the polymer. In this study PHA produced under aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) conditions are characterized. The PHA produced shows a stable average molecular weight ($\overline M _{\rm w}$), in the range (1.0–3.0) × 106, along three years of reactor operation. Attempts to improve the amount of PHA produced did not introduce significant variations on the values of $\overline M _{\rm w}$. Along this period, the polydispersity indices (PDI) were between 1.3 and 2.2. The use of different carbon sources allowed the tailoring of polymer composition: homopolymers of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate), P(3HB), were obtained with acetate and butyrate, whereas a mixture of acetate and propionate, and propionate and valerate, gave terpolymers of 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3HB), 3‐hydroxyvalerate (3HV), and 2‐methyl‐3‐hydroxyvalerate (2M3HV). All of these PHA had $\overline M _{\rm w}$ between 2.0 × 106 and 3.0 × 106. Thermal characterization of the produced polymers showed values of glass transition temperature, melting temperature, melting enthalpy, and crystallinity slightly lower than those obtained for PHA from pure cultures. The introduction of a purification step during the polymer extraction process allowed the elimination of possible contaminants but did not significantly improve the polymer quality.magnified image
Modular design of receiver coil arrays
Authors: De Zanche Nicola , Massner Jurek A. , Leussler Christoph , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe describe a modular and hence flexible system for connecting MR surface coils to create a receiver array. Up to 16 individual coils of different size and shape depending on the application are plugged into a connector box that houses the control electronics. Preamplification, matching and detuning circuitry are housed on a circuit board directly attached to each coil loop. Electrical adjustments for tuning or decoupling for each coil configuration are not needed thanks to effective preamplifier decoupling provided through a Π matching network. Radio‐frequency safety and electrically stable cabling are ensured by multiple radio‐frequency traps. Array modules for 1.5 and 3 T have been simulated, constructed, tested, and used for imaging experiments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphological changes in the shape of the non‐pathological bony knee joint with age: a morphometric analysis of the distal femur and proximal tibia in three populations of known age at death
Authors: Stevens S. D. , Viđarsdóttir U. Strand 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis study examines possible morphological variation in the knee joint of Homo sapiens with increasing age in ostensively healthy and non‐pathological distal femora and proximal tibiae. Throughout the lifetime of each individual, the hard tissue of the knee undergoes considerable remodelling as a response to biomechanical stresses, changes in bone microarchitecture and reduction of bone mineral content as a concomitant of ageing. The knee is also subject to greater levels of degenerative joint disease than any other joint. If death occurs whilst such diseases are in the earliest stages, initial bone changes may not be visually obvious in museum specimens. If such specimens are used for comparative analyses, it is hypothesised that changes might render it problematic if all ages are conglomerated into discrete samples. This study therefore investigates the degree to which the distal femur and proximal tibia change shape during ageing and, if changes are present, whether they are expressed similarly in males and females. It also examines whether changes are of greater magnitude than those morphological differences which might exist between populations. In an example population of African‐Americans, results indicate that there is a statistically significant difference in shape between age groups and those differences become progressively greater between the youngest and oldest adults. Results also show that although morphological variation caused by ageing is apparent, those shape differences attributable to sexual dimorphism are more powerful. When two additional populations are analysed jointly with the African‐Americans (Caucasian Americans and the European Spitalfields sample), results indicate that inter‐population shape differences are considerably greater than differences caused by increasing age. Results imply that it is justifiable to combine specimens of all ages into discrete samples for comparative purposes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Branched fungal β‐glucan causes hyperinflammation and necrosis in phagocyte NADPH oxidase‐deficient mice
Authors: Schäppi MG , Deffert C , Fiette L , Gavazzi G , Herrmann FR , Belli DC , Krause K‐H 
Published: December 2007

AbstractChronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a genetic disorder characterized by the absence of a functional phagocyte NADPH oxidase, is a severe immune deficiency. However, non‐infectious hyperinflammation is a second hallmark of the disease. In CGD mouse models, sterile hyperinflammation can be induced by A. fumigatus cell wall preparations. In this study, we used subcutaneous injection of microbial cell walls and cell wall components to identify causes of CGD hyperinflammation and to characterize its histological features. Sterile cell wall preparations from fungi (A. fumigatus, C. albicans, S. cerevisiae), but not from bacteria (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli), caused prolonged and severe skin inflammation in CGD mice. To identify fungal cell wall elements responsible for this process, we investigated microbial cell wall‐derived monosubstances. Injection of β(1–3)(1–6)‐glucan induced severe hyperinflammation in CGD mice, while other fungal cell components [mannan, (1–3) β‐glucan] or bacterial cell wall components (lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid) caused no or only moderate inflammation. β‐glucan‐induced hyperinflammation was predominantly due to a defect in termination of inflammation, as in the initial stage (2 days), the severity of inflammation and the extent of cell death were comparable in wild‐type and CGD mice. At later stages (7 days), β(1–3)(1–6)‐glucan‐induced inflammation had subsided in wild‐type mice. In contrast, CGD mice showed persistent severe inflammation with central necrosis, containing abundant apoptotic and necrotic cells. In summary, branched fungal β‐glucan induces a severe inflammatory reaction in the absence of phagocyte NADPH oxidase. As opposed to the commonly perceived notion that reactive oxygen species are the cause of cell death, our results demonstrate that tissue necrosis can be caused by the absence of a superoxide‐producing enzyme. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrorheological properties of carbon nanotube/polyelectrolyte self‐assembled polystyrene particles by layer‐by‐layer assembly
Authors: Kim Byung‐Soo , Kim Bumsu , Suh Kyung‐Do 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSulfonated polystyrene (PS) particles were prepared by the sulfonation of PS microspheres with H2SO4. Then, composite particles were synthesized by layer‐by‐layer (LbL) self‐assembly with funtionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (fMCNTs) and polyelectrolytes on sulfonated PS particles. The amount of fMCNTs on PS particles was adjusted by controlling the number of fMCNT layers by LbL self‐assembly. Composite particles were characterized by ζ‐potential analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal analysis. The electrorheological (ER) properties of composite particles in insulating oil was investigated with varying the number of fMCNT layers under controlled electric fields. It was observed that the number of fMCNT layers was a critical factor to determine the ER properties of composite particles. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1058–1065, 2008
Designing poly(amido amine) dendrimers containing core diversities by click chemistry of the propargyl focal point poly(amido amine) dendrons
Authors: Lee Jae Wook , Kim Hee Joo , Han Seung Choul , Kim Ji Hyeon , Jin Sung‐Ho 
Published: December 2007

AbstractGeneral, fast, efficient, and inexpensive methods for the synthesis of poly (amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers having core diversities were elaborated. In all syntheses, the major step involved an inexpensive 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction between an alkyne and an azide in the presence of Cu(I) species, which is known as the best example of click chemistry. The propargyl‐functionalized PAMAM dendrons are obtained by the divergent approach using propargylamine as an alkyne‐focal point. Three core building blocks, 1,3,5‐tris(azidomethyl)benzene, N,N,N′,N′‐tetra(azidopropylamidoethyl)‐1,2‐diaminoethane, and 4,4′‐(3,5‐bis(azidopropyloxy)benzyloxy)bisphenyl, were designed and synthesized to serve as the azide functionalities for dendrimer growth via click reactions with the alkyne‐dendrons. These three building blocks were employed together with the propargyl‐functionalized PAMAM dendrons in a convergent strategy to synthesize three kinds of PAMAM dendrimers with different core units. This novel and pivotal strategy using an efficient click methodology provides the fast and efficient synthesis of the PAMAM dendrimers with the tailed made core units. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1083–1097, 2008
Synthesis and characterization of well‐defined ABC 3‐Miktoarm star‐shaped terpolymers based on poly(styrene), poly(ethylene oxide), and poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) by combination of the “living” anionic polymerization with the ring‐opening polymerization
Authors: Wang Guowei , Huang Junlian 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA series of well‐defined ABC 3‐Miktoarm star‐shaped terpolymers [Poly(styrene)‐Poly(ethylene oxide)‐Poly(ε‐caprolactone)](PS‐PEO‐PCL) with different molecular weight was synthesized by combination of the “living” anionic polymerization with the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) using macro‐initiator strategy. Firstly, the “living” poly(styryl)lithium (PS−Li+) species were capped by 1‐ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether(EEGE) quantitatively and the PS‐EEGE with an active and an ethoxyethyl‐protected hydroxyl group at the same end was obtained. Then, using PS‐EEGE and diphenylmethylpotassium (DPMK) as coinitiator, the diblock copolymers of (PS‐b‐PEO)p with the ethoxyethyl‐protected hydroxyl group at the junction point were achieved by the ROP of EO and the subsequent termination with bromoethane. The diblock copolymers of (PS‐b‐PEO)d with the active hydroxyl group at the junction point were recovered via the cleavage of ethoxyethyl group on (PS‐b‐PEO)p by acidolysis and saponification successively. Finally, the copolymers (PS‐b‐PEO)d served as the macro‐initiator for ROP of ε‐CL in the presence of tin(II)‐bis(2‐ethylhexanoate)(Sn(Oct)2) and the star(PS‐PEO‐PCL) terpolymers were obtained. The target terpolymers and the intermediates were well characterized by 1H‐NMR, MALDI‐TOF MS, FTIR, and SEC. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1136–1150, 2008
New α,γ‐cyclic peptides‐nanotube molecular caps using α,α‐dialkylated α‐amino acids
Authors: Reiriz César , Castedo LUIS , Granja Juan R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe report here the preparation and structural characteristics of a novel self‐assembling peptide composed of alternating α,α‐dialkylated α‐amino and cis‐4‐aminocyclopent‐2‐enecarboxylic acids. The use of α,α‐dialkylated amino acids represents a novel method to prevent the formation of extensive β‐sheet‐like hydrogen‐bonding networks that are characteristic of peptide nanotubes. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solubilization of V‐ATPase transmembrane peptides by amphipol A8‐35
Authors: Duarte Afonso M. S. , Wolfs Cor J. A. M. , Koehorst Rob B. M. , Popot Jean‐Luc , Hemminga Marcus A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTwo transmembrane peptides encompassing the seventh transmembrane section of subunit a from V‐ATPase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied as complexes with APols A8‐35 by CD and fluorescence spectroscopy, with the goal to use APols to provide a membrane‐mimicking environment for the peptides. CD spectroscopy was used to obtain the overall secondary structure of the peptides, whereas fluorescence spectroscopy provided information about the local environment of their tryptophan residues. The fluorescence results indicate that both peptides are trapped by APols and the CD results that they adopt a β‐sheet conformation. This result is in contrast with previous work that showed that the same peptides are α‐helical in SDS micelles and organic solvents. These observations are discussed in the context of APol physical–chemical properties and transmembrane peptide structural propensity. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individual involvement in health care organizations: differences between professional groups, leaders and employees
Authors: Savič Brigita Skela , Pagon Milan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses the study that considered the predictors of individual involvement in a health care team, following research evidence that the level of personal involvement in an organization correlates negatively with stress levels. The aim was to establish whether organizational culture, teamwork and leadership models play a role in successful individual involvement in a health care team. The sample included 835 respondents from 14 Slovene hospitals and 3 personnel categories: doctors, nurses and non‐health care professionals chosen by randomly distributed questionnaires. There were 101 leaders in the respondents group. Linear regression model included eight independent variables and two dependent variables. The results showed that the variance of successful individual involvement correlates most highly with teamwork in an organization (ΔR2 = 0.319) and most important predictor for successful individual involvement was transformational leadership (ΔR2 = 0.411). Also, secondary regression analyses showed that the variance of successful individual involvement in a health care team can be explained differently according to the three personnel categories. From the management point of view, the research provided an insight into the motivation of health care professionals—including ways to motivate them and recognize their work, consequently reducing employee stress levels in Slovene hospitals. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Input ground motions for tall buildings with subterranean levels
Authors: Stewart Jonathan P. , Tileylioglu Salih 
Published: December 2007

AbstractGround motion prediction equations and seismic hazard analyses are used to evaluate design‐basis ground motions that apply to a free‐field and ground surface condition. In this paper, we address the manner by which those motions can be utilized for the analysis and design of buildings with subterranean levels. Procedures for specifying ground motions in buildings that are utilized in current practice fail to account for kinematic interaction effects, which cause reductions of ground motion translation and the introduction of rocking for embedded foundations. Simple models that describe those effects (reduction of translation, introduction of rocking) for embedded rigid cylinders are reviewed. Those models are well validated by recordings from two nuclear reactor structures that have very stiff embedded foundations. Most building structures will not have foundations as stiff as those from the nuclear reactor structures, and hence the degree to which foundation flexibility might affect the motions of embedded foundations was investigated using data from appropriately instrumented buildings. Preliminary analysis of the data suggests that: (a) the foundations are not rigid and rigid body displacements and rotations of the foundation explain only 60–80% of the power of the motion at the ground level; (b) using available models for kinematic interaction of embedded foundations, translational motions at the ground level of the investigated sites are dominated by base translation, with relatively small contributions from base rocking; and (c) for the investigated buildings, base rocking from inertial interaction appears to be more significant in the frequency range of principal interest than base rocking from kinematic interaction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Two Trinuclear Nickel(II) Complexes
Authors: Xiao Feng‐Ping , Jin Long‐Fei 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTwo novel trinuclear nickel(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by X‐ray single crystal diffraction. Compound [Ni3(ashz)3(py)2(DMF)2]·(DMF)2 (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic, space group C2/c, with a = 22.114(2), b = 10.509(9), c = 19.485(2) Å, β = 114.443(1)°, Z = 4; compound [Ni3(acshz)3(py)2(DMF)2]·(DMF)2 (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 20.0620(2), b = 9.7017(6), c = 25.0533(2) Å, β = 97.0610(2)°, Z = 4, where ashz and acshz are deprotonated N‐acetylsalicylhydrazide (H3ashz) and N‐acetyl‐5‐chlorosalicylhydrazide (H3acshz), respectively. The crystal structure analysis of 1 and 2 showed that three Ni2+ ions in a linear arrangement are bridged by two ligands ((ashz)3− or (acshz)3−) to form a neutral nuclear with two four‐coordinate square‐planar nickel ions linked by a six‐coordinate octahedral central nickel ion.
Synthesis, Structure and Luminescent Property of Two New 2D Metal‐organic Frameworks containing Lanthanide Ions
Authors: Chen Zhi , Fang Ming , Ren Peng , Li Xiu‐Hua , Zhao Bin , Wei Shi , Cheng Peng 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTwo novel lanthanide‐based coordination polymers with 2D lattice‐type motif, [Ln2(CAM)3(H2O)4]·2H2O (CAM = 4‐Hydroxypyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylate; Ln = Tb(1), Pr(2)), have been prepared by hydrothermal reaction of Ln(OH)3, CAM and water at 160 °C and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, IR and TGA. The investigation of luminescent property reveals that 1 exhibits characteristic green emission of Tb3+ ions.