bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid Hormone-Mediated Activation of the ERK/Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1 Pathway Augments the Apoptosis of GH4C1 Cells by Down-Regulating Nuclear Factor-κB Activity
Authors: Chiloeches Antonio , Sánchez-Pacheco Aurora , Gil-Araujo Beatriz , Aranda Ana , Lasa Marina 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThyroid hormone (T3) plays a crucial role in processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, whereas its implication on cellular apoptosis has not been well documented. Here we examined the effect of T3 on the apoptosis of GH4C1 pituitary cells and the mechanisms underlying this effect. We show that T3 produced a significant increase in apoptosis in serum-depleted conditions. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent transcription, IκBα phosphorylation, translocation of p65/NF-κB to the nucleus, phosphorylation, and transactivation. Moreover, these effects were correlated with a T3-induced decrease in the expression of antiapoptotic gene products, such as members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein and Bcl-2 families. On the other hand, ERK but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase or MAPK p38, was activated upon exposure to T3, and inhibition of ERK alone abrogated T3-mediated apoptosis. In addition, T3 increased the expression of the MAPK phosphatase, dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), in an ERK-dependent manner. Interestingly, the suppression of DUSP1 expression abrogated T3-induced inhibition of NF-κB-dependent transcription and p65/NF-κB translocation to the nucleus, as well as T3-mediated apoptosis. Overall, our results indicate that T3 induces apoptosis in rat pituitary tumor cells by down-regulating NF-κB activity through a mechanism dependent on the ERK/DUSP1 pathway.
Simulation of Four-Point Test for DC Electrical Resistivity of Moderately Conductive Solids—Error due to Nonideal Specimen Size and Current Electrode Configuration
Authors: Woolley David E. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Electrical resistivity of moderately conductive solids is determined according to ASTM D4496 [1] using the four-probe method. The ideal specimen is long, thin, and of uniform cross section and composition. The ideal configuration of current electrodes is uniformly covering the opposite ends of the specimen to create a current path in the axial direction through the specimen. The purpose of this study is to determine what errors may arise from using nonideal specimen size or current-electrode configuration. The dc four-point resistivity test is simulated using a finite element (FE) model, which yields the electric potential distribution in the specimen and the electric current. Specimens in the form of bars and cylinders are studied. Simulations show that the calculated resistivity will be false-high when the current electrode is a band around the outside of the specimen or strip on one side of the specimen and when the parameter (R or H)/((Lo-Li)/2) is greater than 0.5, where R is the radius of a cylindrical specimen, H is the height of a bar-shaped specimen, (Lo-Li)/2 is the distance between a current electrode and the nearest potential electrode. The magnitude of the error reported in this study is on the order of the error that can arise due to errors in measuring dimensions of the specimen.
Goodness of fit testing using a specific density estimate
Authors: Albers Casper J. , Schaafsma Willem 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
To test the hypothesis H
0: f=ψ that an unknown density f is equal to a specified one, ψ, an estimate f^ of f is compared with ψ. The total variation distance ∥ f^-ψ∥1 is used as test statistic.
The density estimate f^ considered is a peculiar one. A table of critical values is provided, this table is applicable for arbitrary ψ.
Relations with other methods, Neyman´s smooth tests in particular, are discussed and power comparisons are performed. In certain situations, our test is recommendable. An example from practice is provided.
Uniform and individual convergence rates for convex density classes
Authors: Meister Alexander 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
In this paper, we prove coincidence of uniform and individual convergence rates for convex density classes, which are Baire spaces with respect to the
L
1(R
d
)-metric, in the field of nonparametric estimation. We show that for convex density classes, which are no Baire spaces, the validity of this result is not guaranteed, in general.
A kernel-based classifier on a Riemannian manifold
Authors: Loubes Jean-Michel , Pelletier Bruno 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Let X be a random variable taking values in a compact Riemannian manifold without boundary, and let Y be a discrete random variable valued in {0;1} which represents a classification label. We introduce a kernel rule for classification on the manifold based on n independent copies of (X,Y). Under mild assumptions on the bandwidth sequence, it is shown that this kernel rule is consistent in the sense that its probability of error converges to the Bayes risk with probability one.
Comparison results for path-dependent options
Authors: Bergenthum Jan , Rüschendorf Ludger 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
In this paper comparison results of convex type are established for several path-dependent options in some classes of semimartingale models. The options considered are some classes of lookback options, Asian and American options and barrier options. Comparison of the path-dependent options is based on ordering properties of the local characteristics of the underlying processes as well as on suitable propagation of convexity property. These properties allow a stochastic analysis of the basic linking process which establishes a link between the value processes in the underlying models. The linking process gives a unified tool to obtain comparison results for these path-dependent options. This paper extends and unifies several results in the literature.
Messunsicherheit bei nicht korrigierten systematischen Messabweichungen Uncertainty of Measurement with Uncorrected Systematic Deviations
Authors: Hernla M. 
Published: October 2008

Zusammenfassung
Nach dem Leitfaden zur Angabe der Unsicherheit beim Messen (GUM) sind bekannte systematische Messabweichungen immer zu korrigieren. In der messtechnischen Praxis wird das jedoch häufig unterlassen, weshalb die systematischen Abweichungen in der Messunsicherheit zu berücksichtigen sind. Dabei muss zwischen Kalibrierkurven und einzelnen systematischen Abweichungen unterschieden werden. In diesem Beitrag werden gängige Näherungen zur Ermittlung der Messunsicherheit gegenübergestellt und im Vergleich zur analytischen Lösung bewertet.
Messstrategien für die zerstörungsfreie Schichtmessung mittels Ultraschallmikroskopie Strategies for the Non-Destructive Characterization of Thin Layers with Scanning Acoustic Microscopy
Authors: Schmitt Robert , Dietrich Björn , Hafner Philip , Engelmann Bastian 
Published: October 2008

Zusammenfassung
Die Ultraschallmikroskopie ermöglicht hochauflösende und zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfungen im Mikrobereich durch stark fokussierte und hochfrequente Schallfelder. Am Beispiel der Messung an Mikrobeschichtungen werden neue Messstrategien, Auswertungs- und Einsatzmöglichkeiten dieser Technologie vorgestellt.
Der turbulente magnetische Durchflussmesser – Experimente und Large-Eddy-Simulationen The Turbulent Magnetic Flow-Meter – Experiments and Large-Eddy Simulations
Authors: Krause Jens , Ott Thomas , Stange Gerd 
Published: October 2008

Zusammenfassung
Allgemein gebräuchliche Durchflusssensoren nach dem magnetisch-induktiven Prinzip messen den Volumenfluss von Wasser in Rohren. Es werden gewöhnlich Wechselfelder eingesetzt, aber Dauermagneten würden den Energieverbrauch deutlich senken. Wir schlagen ein neues Messprinzip für Dauermagneten im Falle turbulenter Strömung vor. Die turbulenten Schwankungen in der Strömung führen zu Schwankungen in der Messspannung. Die Amplitude dieser Spannungsschwankungen ist als Maß für den Volumenstrom brauchbar. Den Nachweis führen wir mit Experimenten und mit numerischen Simulationen nach der Large-Eddy-Methode.
Pattern of Cleft Lip and Palate in Hospital-Based Population in Saudi Arabia: Retrospective Study
Authors: Aljohar Aziza , Ravichandran Kandasamy , Subhani Shazia 
Published: October 2008

Objective: To report the patterns of cleft lip and/or cleft palate in Saudi Arabia from data collected at a tertiary care hospital. Design and Setting: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh. Patients: All the cleft lip and/or cleft palate patients registered in the Cleft Lip/Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies Registry from June 1999 to December 2005. Results: Retrospectively, 807 cases of cleft lip and/or palate were registered. There were 451 boys and 356 girls. Cleft lip and palate was more common (387) than isolated cleft palate (294) and isolated cleft lip (122). Boys predominated in cleft lip and palate and cleft lip; whereas, girls predominated in isolated cleft palate, with boy to girl ratios of 1.6:1, 1.2:1, and 0.9:1 for cleft lip and/or palate, isolated cleft lip, and isolated cleft palate, respectively. The Riyadh region had more cases (32.0%) than the Asir (15.6%) and Eastern (14.6%) regions. Parents of 439 individuals had consanguineous marriages. A positive family history of cleft was seen in 224 cases. Of 238 cases with associated anomalies, 91 had congenital heart disease. Of the children with isolated cleft palate, 40.5% had associated anomalies, whereas only 23.0% of the children with isolated cleft lip or cleft lip and palate had associated malformations. Conclusion: The pattern of cleft observed in this study does not differ significantly from those reported in the literature for Arab populations.
Hospitalization, Breast-Milk Feeding, and Growth in Infants with Cleft Palate and Cleft Lip and Palate Born in Denmark
Authors: Smedegaard Lisa H. V. , Marxen Dorthe R. N. , Moes Jette H. V. , Glassou Eva N. , Scientsan Cand 
Published: October 2008

Objective: To evaluate if the duration of postpartum hospitalization, duration of breast-milk feeding, and growth during the first year of life in infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and cleft palate (CP) are comparable to infants without facial clefts. Design: Prospective data collection using a registration chart developed by the authors. Setting: Special health care of infants with CLP/CP born in Denmark. Participants: All mature infants with CLP/CP born in 2003 and 2004 were included. Of 165 infants, 115 participated in the study. Intervention: In Denmark, parents of children with CLP/CP receive counseling. This counseling is managed by specially trained health visitors/nurses and is initiated at birth. The counseling seeks to support parents’ confidence in having an infant with CLP/CP and to initiate a relationship between the infant and the parents. Main Outcome Measures: Duration of postpartum hospitalization, duration of breast-milk feeding, and weight and length at birth, 5 months of age, and 12 months of age. Results: Hospitalization was 4 days and comparable to that of infants without CLP/CP. The infants with CLP/CP received breast milk but for a shorter period compared with infants without CLP/CP. Weights at birth, 5 months of age, and 12 months of age were identical with Danish growth references. Conclusion: The authors find the results satisfactory and believe that the counseling provided by the health visitors/nurses plays a part in the results.
Transforming Growth Factor-α and Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Palate or Cleft Palate Only in Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Rahman Roselinda Abdul , Ahmad Azlina , Rahman Zainal Ariff Abdul , Mokhtar Khairani Idah , Lah Nik Ahmad Shah Nik , Zilfalil Bin Alwi , Samsudin Ab Rani 
Published: October 2008

Objective: To determine the frequency of the transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFα) Taq1 polymorphism in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) and cleft palate only (CP) in Kelantan, Malaysia. Setting: The study was conducted at the Combined Cleft Clinic and at the Human Genome Centre in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia in Kelantan, Malaysia. Design: We examined the C2/Taq1 variant of the TGFα gene in 46 patients with nonsyndromic CL±P or CP only and in 33 controls. The TGFα genotype frequencies in patients were compared with those in controls using the chi-square or Fisher exact test. DNA samples were obtained from peripheral blood. Results: No association was found between TGFαTaq1 polymorphism and CL±P or CP in this case-control study. In addition, no homozygosity for the rare allele C2 was noted in CL±P, CP, or the controls. Conclusion: No evidence of TGFαTaq1 polymorphism was observed in association with CL±P and CP in this study.
Dystrophic-Like Alterations Characterize Orbicularis Oris and Palatopharyngeal Muscles in Patients Affected by Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Lazzeri Davide , Viacava Paolo , Pollina Luca Enrico , Sansevero Stefano , Lorenzetti Fulvio , Balmelli Bruno , Funel Nicola , Gatti Gian Luca , Naccarato Antonio Giuseppe , Massei Alessandro 
Published: October 2008

Objective: This study analyzed histological and histochemical features of specimens of the orbicularis oris muscle, and palatal and pharyngeal muscles biopsied during surgery from 33 patients affected by cleft lip and palate. Design: Three groups were studied: 20 patients affected by cleft palate with or without cleft lip (at the time of primary palatoplasty), seven by cleft lip with or without cleft palate (primary lip closure), and six by cleft lip with or without cleft palate (secondary cheiloplasty). Muscle sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, modified Gomori trichrome, ATPase reaction at pH 9.4, and NADH-TR. Analyzed parameters included organization, muscle fiber size and type, nuclear changes, presence of ragged-red fibers, degree of fibrosis, and presence of inflammatory infiltrate. Results: In all patients who underwent primary palatoplasty and lip closure we noted dystrophic-like alterations of orbicularis oris and palatopharyngeal muscles, such as variability of fiber size, fiber disorganization, and increased fibrosis. The same alterations were found in adult patients submitted to secondary cheiloplasty, notwithstanding surgical repair. Furthermore, in all groups neither neurogenic atrophy nor ragged-red fibers or inflammatory infiltrate were detected. Conclusions: Muscle damage is a constant event in this deformity, and it could play an important role in its etiopathogenesis. Muscular biopsy during cheiloplasty and palatoplasty could offer useful information about muscle condition and possible functional recovery in cleft lip and palate patients.
The Continuing Multidisciplinary Needs of Adult Patients with Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Chuo Cher Bing , Searle Yvonne , Jeremy Alison , Richard Bruce M. , Sharp Ian , Slator Rona 
Published: October 2008

Objective: Babies born with cleft lip and/or palate are followed-up throughout their growth in childhood. During adulthood, they may require further functional and/or aesthetic treatment. Adult multidisciplinary cleft clinics have been in place in the West Midlands, U.K. since June 2000. The aim of this study was to review the number and nature of problems these adult patients had and the types of treatment they required. Design: All adult patients seen in 2004 were identified. Case notes were reviewed for patient epidemiology, problems at initial presentation, and interventions carried out until their last clinic visit in 2004. Results: In 2004, there were 145 patients seen in the adult cleft clinic. Of those, 55 patients attended as part of their continuing care. Ninety were newly referred as adults to the cleft service. Patients ranged in age from 15 to 70 years and had, on average, three clinical problems each. One hundred and sixteen patients were listed for surgery of varying types, nine patients had nonsurgical speech-related intervention, 21 patients had restorative dental intervention, and 16 patients needed an extended clinical psychology assessment. Conclusion: For some patients who have had a cleft lip and/or palate, problems continue into adulthood or arise later in life. These problems are often multiple and treatment often requires the input of more than one specialist. The results of this audit support the need for coordinated multidisciplinary care for adults who have had a cleft lip and/or palate.
Sella Turcica Morphology and Dimensions in Cleft Subjects
Authors: Alkofide Eman A. 
Published: October 2008

Objectives: Evaluate sella turcica morphology, calculate its size in cleft subjects, and compare it with noncleft subjects. Materials: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 95 cleft and 190 noncleft individuals. Radiographs were divided into two groups by age: 11 to 14 years of age, 15 years and above. Main Outcome Measures: The morphology of the sella turcica was categorized into six shapes; whereas, the size of the sella turcica was measured in terms of length, depth, and diameter in millimeters. Results: The sella turcica was abnormal in shape in the majority of cleft subjects when compared with noncleft subjects (p  =  .0000), more so in subjects with unilateral cleft lip and palate and bilateral cleft lip and palate (p  =  .0000, p  =  .020, respectively). Depth of sella turcica was smaller in unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects (p  =  .037). A smaller sella turcica size (length, depth, diameter) was evident in cleft subjects as compared with noncleft subjects (p  =  .037, p  =  .004, p  =  .000, respectively). Age correlated positively with an increase in sella turcica size in both noncleft and cleft subjects (p  =  .000, p  =  .009, p  =  .000). Conclusions: A majority of cleft subjects displayed an abnormal appearance of sella turcica when compared with noncleft subjects. A smaller depth of sella turcica was associated with unilateral cleft lip and palate. The sella turcica was smaller in size in cleft subjects than in noncleft subjects. Sella turcica size increased with age in subjects with and without clefts.
Maxillary Anterior Tooth Size and Arch Dimensions in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Lewis Benjamin R. K. , Stern Melanie R. , Willmot Derrick R. 
Published: October 2008

Objective: To investigate differences in size of the maxillary permanent anterior teeth and arch dimensions between individuals with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and a matched control group representing the general population. Design: Retrospective study cast review. Participants: Study casts of 30 subjects due to commence orthodontic treatment following an alveolar bone graft (ABG) were collected from the Cleft Lip and Palate Units in South Yorkshire. Thirty control subjects were collected from a previously validated control group of white individuals in South Yorkshire. Main Outcome Measures: Casts were analyzed with an image analysis system to measure the dimensions of the maxillary permanent anterior teeth, incisor chord lengths, and the intercanine and intermolar widths. The results were analyzed statistically using paired t-tests and two-way univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The mesiodistal widths of maxillary anterior teeth in the study group were smaller than the noncleft control group (p < .01). The dimensions of the cleft side maxillary incisors and incisor chord length were smaller (p < .05 and p < .01 respectively) compared with the noncleft side. The study group maxillary cleft side incisor chord length and maxillary intercanine width were narrower than the control group (p < .0001). Conclusions: (1) Anterior teeth are smaller mesiodistally in individuals with UCLP. (2) Maxillary incisors are smaller on the cleft side than the noncleft side. (3) UCLP subjects had smaller maxillary cleft side incisor chord lengths and intercanine widths than the control group despite pre-ABG expansion.
Comparison of Craniofacial Phenotype in Craniosynostotic Rabbits Treated with Anti–Tgf-β2 at Suturectomy Site
Authors: Frazier Brenda C. , Mooney Mark P. , Losken H. Wolfgang , Barbano Tim , Moursi Amr , Siegel Michael I. , Richtsmeier Joan T. 
Published: October 2008

Objective: Overexpression of transforming growth factor-beta 2 has been associated with craniosynostosis and resynostosis following surgery. We examined the effects of localized transforming growth factor-beta 2 inhibition on craniofacial phenotype in rabbits with craniosynostosis. Design: Twenty-five New Zealand white rabbits with bilateral coronal craniosynostosis were divided into three treatment groups: (1) suturectomy control (n  =  8); (2) suturectomy with nonspecific, control immunoglobulin G antibody (n  =  6); and (3) suturectomy with anti–transforming growth factor-beta 2 antibody (n  =  11). At 10 days of age, a coronal suturectomy was performed on all rabbits. The sites in groups 2 and 3 were immediately filled with a slow-resorbing collagen gel mixed with either immunoglobulin G or anti–transforming growth factor-beta 2 antibody. Computed tomography scans of each rabbit were acquired at ages 10, 25, and 84 days. Craniofacial landmarks were collected from three-dimensional computed tomography reconstructions, and growth and form were compared among the three groups. Results: Rabbits treated with anti–transforming growth factor-beta 2 antibody differed in form at 84 days of age compared with suturectomy control rabbits, specifically in the snout and posterior neurocranium. Growth in some areas of the skull was greater in rabbits from the anti–transforming growth factor-beta 2 group than in suturectomy control rabbits, but not significantly greater than in IgG control rabbits. Conclusions: We find support for the hypothesis that transforming growth factor-beta 2 inhibition alters adult form, but these changes do not appear to be localized to the suturectomy region. Slight differences in form and growth between the two control groups suggest that the presence of the collagen vehicle itself may affect skull growth.
A Cephalometric Intercenter Comparison of Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: Analysis at 5 and 10 Years of Age and Long Term
Authors: Meazzini Maria Costanza , Giussani Greta , Morabito Alberto , Semb Gunvor , Garattini Giovanna , Brusati Roberto 
Published: October 2008

Objective: To compare the short- and long-term craniofacial growth of patients operated with the Milan protocol to those operated with the Oslo protocol. Design: The Milan sample included 88 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) at 5 years, 26 at 10 years, and 23 at the end of growth. The Oslo samples included 48 UCLP patients at 5 years, 29 at 10, and 23 at growth completion. Lateral cephalograms were used for comparison. An unpaired t test was run for the 5- and 10-year-old samples. The samples long term were matched for age and sex, and a paired t test was run. Results: There was no significant cephalometric difference in the maxillary prominence at 5 years, a mild but significant difference at 10 years, and again no difference at the end of growth. Nevertheless, at an older age, the need for orthognathic surgery was larger in the Milan sample (26%) than in the Oslo sample (13%). Conclusion: Although no statistically significant differences in the cephalometric measurements were found long term, the need for orthognathic surgery was clinically judged to be larger in the Milan sample. On the other hand, although the Milan protocol seemed to require more final jaw surgery, only the cases that needed an additional orthognathic procedure in the Milan group will undertake a third surgical step, while the Oslo protocol included three surgical steps for all the patients.