bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LC–ESI‐MS/MS analysis for the quantification of morphine, codeine, morphine‐3‐β‐D‐glucuronide, morphine‐6‐β‐D‐glucuronide, and codeine‐6‐β‐D‐glucuronide in human urine
Authors: Murphy Constance M. , Huestis Marilyn A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA liquid chromatographic‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantification of the opiates morphine, codeine, and their metabolites morphine‐3‐β‐D‐glucuronide (M‐3‐G), morphine‐6‐β‐D‐glucuronide (M‐6‐G) and codeine‐6‐β‐D‐glucuronide (C‐6‐G) in human urine has been developed and validated. Identification and quantification were based on the following transitions: 286 to 201 and 229 for morphine, 300 to 215 and 243 for codeine, 644 to 468 for M‐3‐G, 462 to 286 for M‐6‐G, and 476 to 300 for C‐6‐G. Calibration by linear regression analysis utilized deuterated internal standards and a weighting factor of 1/X. The method was accurate and precise across a linear dynamic range of 25.0 to 4000.0 ng/ml. Pretreatment of urine specimens using solid phase extraction was sufficient to limit matrix suppression to less than 40% for all five analytes. The method proved to be suitable for the quantification of morphine, codeine, and their metabolites in urine specimens collected from opioid‐dependent participants enrolled in a methadone maintenance program. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specificity of receptor–ligand interactions and their effect on dimerisation as observed by electrospray mass spectrometry: bile acids form stable adducts to the RXRα
Authors: Lengqvist Johan , Mata de Urquiza Alexander , Perlmann Thomas , Sjövall Jan , Griffiths William J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractElectrospray (ES) mass spectrometry data is presented showing that agonist binding to the nuclear receptor (NR), retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), is competitive. The competitive nature of agonist binding can be used to discriminate between the specific and non‐specific binding of small lipophilic molecules to NRs. Further, data is presented which show that high‐affinity ligand binding to the RXRα ligand‐binding domain (LBD) stabilises the domain homodimer. The results indicate that homodimerisation, a functional property of the receptor associated with the binding of agonist ligands, could be used to discriminate between specific and non‐specific binding events. Additionally, we report on the remarkable stability of the gas‐phase complex between the RXRα LBD protein and endogenous bile acids. Protein–bile acid interactions in the gas phase were found to be surprisingly strong, withstanding ‘in‐source’ fragmentation in the ES interface, and, in the case of taurocholic acid (TCA) and lithocholic acid‐3‐sulphate (LCA‐3‐sulphate), collision‐induced dissociation within the collision cell of a tandem mass spectrometer. Bile acids were found to be inactive towards RXRα in transfection assays, and have not been reported to be ligands for the RXRα, although lithocholic acid (LCA) has been found to be a competitor in the photoaffinity labelling of RXRβ with 9‐cis‐retinoic acid (9‐cis‐RA). The observation of strong RXRα‐bile acid non‐covalent complexes in ES mass spectrometry highlight the danger of extrapolating gas‐phase binding data to the solution phase and further to a possible biological activity, particularly when surface‐active compounds such as bile acids are involved. The introduction of a competitive ligand‐binding experiment can alleviate this problem and allow the differentiation between specific and non‐specific binding. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beat‐to‐beat blood pressure analysis after premature ventricular contraction indicates sensitive baroreceptor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Haensch Carl‐Albrecht , Jörg Johannes 
Published: October 2005

AbstractExtrasystoles occur in normal subjects but are significant more frequently (16.25% vs. 55%; χ2= 19.3;P< 0.001) seen in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The extrasystolic decreases in stroke volume and systolic pressure activate sympathetic vasomotor innervation and lead to a blood pressure increase for a few heartbeats. The purpose of this study was to prove whether the short time analysis of this blood pressure regulation allows the assessment of sympathetic neurocirculatory function. Records of noninvasive blood pressure monitoring were reviewed from 40 PD patients and 80 controls. A battery of cardiovascular autonomic tests, including Valsalva maneuver, tilt‐table testing, echocardiography, and cardiac scintigraphy with [123I]meta‐iodobenzylguanidine were performed. Fifty‐five percent of the PD patients had at least one premature ventricular contraction (PVC) in 10 minutes lying supine at rest. After every PVC (13 PVCs) recorded from normal subjects, we found an increase in systolic blood pressure above base line with a maximum at the seventh heart beat. In all of the 22 PD patients, the systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased less than baseline in every PVC from the second to the ninth postextrasystolic beat (P< 0.001). In both groups, the extrasystolic fall in blood pressure was on average approximately 22%. The postextrasystolic potentiation did not differ (5.3% vs. 4.4%, not significant). If a PVC occurs, the analysis of short‐time blood pressure regulation is a sensitive tool for baroreceptor reflex function. The advantage of this method results from the independence of patients cooperation and the high sensitivity to prove a sympathetic neurocirculatory failure within 10 heart beats. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Relapsing sensorimotor neuropathy with ophthalmoplegia, antidisialosyl antibodies, and extramembranous glomerulonephritis
Authors: Delval Arnaud , Stojkovic Tanya , Vermersch Patrick 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA 72‐year‐old man presented with oculomotor dysfunction, subacute relapsing sensorimotor neuropathy, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, IgM monoclonal paraprotein, cold agglutinins, and antidisialosyl IgM antibodies, features previously described by the acronym CANOMAD (chronic ataxic neuropathy with ophthalmoplegia, M protein, agglutination, and disialosyl antibodies). The patient also had extramembranous glomerulopathy associated with this syndrome. Treatment with corticosteroids improved both the neuropathy and glomerulopathy. This case suggests that the spectrum of neuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy may be broader than originally believed. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Missed opportunities in reactive chemical hazard evaluations
Authors: Ogle R. A. , Morrison D. R. , Carpenter A. R. , Su Y. S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractReactive chemicals pose a significant hazard to the process industries arising from their inherent nature. This paper examines four reactive chemical accidents caused by self‐heating that led to thermal runaway reactions. Although none of these case studies resulted in serious injuries, the runaway reactions caused fires, explosions, or toxic gas releases that resulted in extensive damages and loss of production. This paper considers the causal factors of these accidents, identifies the thermal stability data available before the accidents, and presents simple hazard calculations indicating the predictability of the accidents. The paper concludes with a discussion of lessons learned from these accidents. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Saf Prog, 2006
The antisite LuAl defect‐related trap in Lu3Al5O12:Ce single crystal
Authors: Nikl M. , Mihokova E. , Pejchal J. , Vedda A. , Zorenko Yu. , Nejezchleb K. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe cover picture of the current issue refers to the Rapid Research Letter by Martin Nikl et al. [1]. It depicts the structure of a Lu3Al5O12:Ce single crystal, a possible high performance scintillator material. Its scintillation performance is, however, degraded by the occurrence of antisite defects. Such defects arise in the material structure sketched in the figure due to the occurrence of Lu3+ ions at the Al3+ octahedral sites as seen in the middle left octahedron. This defect constitutes a shallow electron trap, which delays energy delivery to the Ce3+ emission centers, and thus slows down the scintillation response of the material. Thermoluminescence measurements appear as sensitive diagnostic tool to evidence these defects in the single crystals grown.Martin Nikl is senior scientist and head of the Laboratory of Luminescence and Scintillation Materials at the Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences. His main research activities include the characterization of the luminescence and scintillation properties of wide band‐gap materials and the influence of material defects on them.
Interactions Between Human Activity, Volcanic Eruptions and Vegetation During the Holocene at Garua and Numundo, West New Britain, PNG
Authors: Boyd W.E. , Lentfer C.J. , Parr J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper reviews recent fossil phytolith analysis from wet tropical West New Britain (Papua New Guinea). The Holocene vegetation has been influenced by spatially and temporally diverse patterns of both prehistoric human settlement and catastrophic volcanic events. We have hypothesized different landscape responses and recovery pathways to events during the last six millennia. Phytolith sequences on the coastal lowlands, the Willaumez Peninsula, and nearby island of Garua provide details of vegetational change and human interactions at different landscape scales since c. 5900 cal yr B.P. During this period four major volcanic eruptions (c. 5900, 3600, 1700 and 1400 cal yr B.P.) have disrupted the landscape. The evidence provides detailed descriptions of temporal and spatial patterning in the impacts and changes in the vegetation. In particular, vegetation responded differently from one event to another, reflecting both forest recovery from seed bank and shooting, and the influence of prehistoric people on recovering vegetation. Furthermore, after some events landscape recovery was moderately uniform, while after others there was considerable landscape partitioning. Although these differences largely relate to airfall tephra type, distribution and magnitude, the partitioning is more strongly influenced by human activity.
Acute denervation alters the epithelial response to adrenoceptor activation through an increase in α1‐adrenoceptor expression on villus enterocytes
Authors: Baglole Carolyn J , Sigalet David L , Martin Gary R , Yao Shengtao , Meddings Jon B 
Published: October 2005

Loss of sympathetic input due to intestinal denervation results in hypersensitivity and increased intestinal secretion. It is unknown whether denervation‐induced alterations in intestinal epithelial physiology are the result of changes in adrenoceptors on enterocytes (ENTs).
The purpose of this study was to examine adrenoceptor distribution and pharmacology on small intestinal ENTs following acute intestinal denervation.
Lewis rats underwent small bowel transplantation (SBT) or sham operation and proximal small intestinal segments were harvested 1, 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. Intestinal electrolyte movement was assessed using short‐circuit current (Isc) measurements of stripped epithelial sheets following stimulation with phenylephrine (PE), an α1‐adrenoceptor agonist. The presence of adrenoceptor subtypes on separated villus and crypt ENTs was assessed using flow cytometry.
α1‐Adrenoceptors were found on approximately 27% of jejunal villus ENTs, but not crypt ENTs, following acute extrinsic denervation. ENTs from the Lewis rat have few β‐adrenoceptors.
α1‐Adrenoceptor stimulation of acutely denervated intestinal epithelial sheets decreased Isc by −13.45%. This effect was mediated by a reduction in chloride (Cl−) secretion; the absence of Cl− reversed the Isc to +13.79%.
In conclusion, loss of sympathetic innervation to the gastrointestinal epithelium causes acute upregulation of α1‐adrenoceptors on villus ENTs, leading to inhibition of Cl− secretion at the villus tip. The increase in adrenoceptors may reflect a compensatory mechanism to combat the increased secretory state of the bowel due to the loss of the sympathetic innervation and tonic control over intestinal secretion.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 147, 101–108. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706424
A delayed ATP‐elicited K+current in freshly isolated smooth muscle cells from mouse aorta
Authors: Serir Karima , Hayoz Sebastien , Fanchaouy Mohammed , Bény Jean‐Louis , Bychkov Rostislav 
Published: October 2005

Adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) activated two sequential responses in freshly isolated mouse aortic smooth muscle cells. In the first phase, ATP activated Ca2+‐dependent K+or Cl−currents and the second phase was the activation of a delayed outward current with a reversal potential of −75.9±1.4 mV.A high concentration of extracellular K+(130 mM) shifted the reversal potential of the delayed ATP‐elicited current to −3.5±1.3 mV. The known K+‐channel blockers, iberiotoxin, charybdotoxin, glibenclamide, apamin, 4‐aminopyridine, Ba2+and tetraethylammonium chloride all failed to inhibit the delayed ATP‐elicited K+current. Removal of ATP did not decrease the amplitude of the ATP‐elicited current back to the control values.The simultaneous recording of cytosolic free Ca2+and membrane currents revealed that the first phase of the ATP‐elicited response is associated with an increase in intracellular Ca2+, while the second delayed phase develops after the return of cytosolic free Ca2+to control levels.ATP did not activate Ca2+‐dependent K+currents, but did elicit Ca2+‐independent K+currents, in cells dialyzed with ethylene glycol‐bis (2‐aminoethylether)‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid (EGTA). The delay of activation of Ca2+‐independent currents decreased from 10.5+3.4 to 1.27±0.33 min in the cells dialyzed with 2 mMEGTA.Adenosine alone failed to elicit a Ca2+‐independent K+current but simultaneous application of ATP and adenosine activated the delayed K+current. Intracellular dialysis of cells with guanosine 5′‐O‐(2‐thiodiphosphate) transformed the Ca2+‐independent ATP‐elicited response from a sustained to a transient one. A phospholipase C inhibitor, U73122 (1 μM), was shown to abolish the delayed ATP‐elicited response.These results indicate that the second phase of the ATP‐elicited response was a delayed Ca2+‐independent K+current activated by exogenous ATP. This phase might represent a new vasoregulatory pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells.British Journal of Pharmacology(2006)147, 45–54. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706432
AM 251 produces sustained reductions in food intake and body weight that are resistant to tolerance and conditioned taste aversion
Authors: Chambers Adam P , Koopmans Henry S , Pittman Quentin J , Sharkey Keith A 
Published: October 2005

The cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor has been implicated in the regulation of food intake. Here, we examine the effect of the CB1 receptor antagonist AM 251 on food intake and body weight over a prolonged period. Further, we examine whether AM 251 produces conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and if sustained antagonism at central receptors contributes to its anorectic effect.
The effect of AM 251 of food intake and body weight was examined in daily (1 mg kg−1) and 5‐day (5 mg kg−1) dosing schedules. Matching reductions in food intake and body weight were observed in both paradigms. A single administration of AM 251 (5 mg kg−1) significantly reduced food intake for 4 days. Tolerance to the anorectic effects of AM 251 did not develop in either dosing strategy.
Active avoidance of AM 251 (3; 5 mg kg−1, i.p.) was examined using a CTA assay. Rats showed no evidence of CTA associated with AM 251.
We investigated the sustained effect of AM 251 (5 mg kg−1, i.p.) on CB1 receptors in the hypothalamus using Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (8 mg kg−1, i.p.) induced hypothermia. AM 251 initially blocked hypothermia, but this effect was not seen 2 or 4 days later.
The results demonstrate that smaller, or infrequent, administrations of AM 251 can produce sustained reductions in food intake and body weight in rat. Reductions in food intake were sustained longer than AM 251 antagonized the effects of a CB1 receptor agonist in the hypothalamus, and occurred independently of CTA.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 147, 109–116. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706439
Use of national food balance data to estimate the adequacy of zinc in national food supplies: methodology and regional estimates
Authors: Wuehler Sara E , Peerson Janet M , Brown Kenneth H 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectivesAdequate zinc nutriture is critically important for human health, but the development of programmes to control zinc deficiency is limited by the lack of reliable information on population zinc status. The present analyses were conducted to: (1) estimate the absorbable zinc content of national food supplies; (2) compare this information with theoretical population requirements for zinc; and (3) use these results to predict national risks of inadequate zinc intake.Setting and design: National food balance data were obtained for 176 countries from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The amount of absorbable zinc in these foods was estimated from food composition data, and zinc absorption was predicted using a model developed by the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG). Demographic data were obtained from United Nations estimates, and age- and sex-specific physiological requirements for absorbable zinc were estimated using IZiNCG recommendations.Results and conclusions: The mean per capita absorbable zinc content of national food supplies ranged from 2.98–3.01 mg day−1 in Western Europe and USA & Canada to 2.09 mg day−1 in Southeast Asia. The estimated percentage of individuals at risk of inadequate zinc intake ranged from 9.3–9.5% in the regions of North Africa & Eastern Mediterranean and USA & Canada to 33.1% in Southeast Asia. Overall, approximately 20.5% of the world's population is estimated to be at risk of inadequate zinc intake. Data on the absorbable zinc content of national food supplies can be used to determine whether further assessments of population zinc status and development of intervention programmes are warranted.
Beneficial effects of short-term nutritional counselling at the primary health-care level among Brazilian adults
Authors: Sartorelli Daniela Saes , Sciarra Elaine Cristina , Franco Laércio Joel , Cardoso Marly Augusto 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a low-cost nutritional intervention in changing the lifestyle of adults.DesignRandomised clinical trial.SettingPrimary health-care centre in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil.SubjectsWe randomly assigned 104 adults (83 women and 21 men aged 30–65 years, body mass index 24–35 kg m−2, non-diabetic) into two groups: nutrition counselling and control. Each subject in the intervention group received three individualised nutritional counselling sessions during the first 6 months aimed at increasing intakes of fruits, vegetables and olive oil, reducing saturated fat and improving physical activity. Body composition, biochemical indicators and lifestyle were assessed at baseline and at 6 months and 1 year in both groups.ResultsAfter 6 months of follow-up, body weight, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total and saturated fat, and dietary energy and cholesterol levels showed a more significant decrease among subjects in the intervention group than in the control group (P<05). Moreover, the intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in each intervention goal, such as reduced intake of saturated fat and increased intakes of fruits, vegetables, fibre and olive oil (P<0.05). After 12 months of follow-up, most of the outcomes were maintained.ConclusionsThe low-cost nutritional intervention programme improved serum lipids profile and weight control, and appeared to be feasible for use at a primary health-care centre in a developing country.
Physical activity levels in 10- to 11-year-olds: clustering of psychosocial correlates
Authors: Cardon Greet , Philippaerts Renaat , Lefevre Johan , Matton Lynn , Wijndaele Katrien , Balduck Anne-Line , Bourdeaudhuij Ilse De 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate gender differences for levels of physical activity, for sedentary behaviour and for psychosocial correlates in children, to evaluate whether psychosocial correlates cluster in meaningful ways and to examine whether physical activity and sedentary behaviour differ between children of clusters, differentiated by the level of perceived barriers and benefits, attitudes, social support and self-efficacy.DesignCross-sectional study using the Flemish Physical Activity Questionnaire.SettingQuestionnaires to be filled out by the children and one of their parents, contacted through the school system.SubjectsA sample of 1124 10- to 11-year-olds (579 boys and 545 girls).ResultsGirls were found to be less active than boys, with boys scoring better for social support, perceived benefits and self-efficacy compared with girls. The way of clustering differed between boys and girls. Boys were allocated to three clusters: one cluster with positive correlates towards physical activity, labelled ‘positives’; one with negative correlates, labelled ‘negatives’; and one characterised mainly by high perceived barriers, labelled ‘hindered’;. In both genders the highest levels of physical activity were found in the ‘positives’;, the lowest in the ‘negatives’;. In girls a fourth cluster was identified, characterised mainly by low perceived barriers and low social support. Physical activity levels in the girls of this cluster, labelled ‘indifferents’;, were the second highest.ConclusionsMore research is needed to further characterise these clusters. To prevent the physical activity decline during the transition from childhood to adulthood, novel interventions need to be explored that focus on children of the clusters with the most negative correlates.
Classification using functional data analysis for temporal gene expression data
Authors: Leng Xiaoyan , Müller Hans-Georg 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMotivation: Temporal gene expression profiles provide an important characterization of gene function, as biological systems are predominantly developmental and dynamic. We propose a method of classifying collections of temporal gene expression curves in which individual expression profiles are modeled as independent realizations of a stochastic process. The method uses a recently developed functional logistic regression tool based on functional principal components, aimed at classifying gene expression curves into known gene groups. The number of eigenfunctions in the classifier can be chosen by leave-one-out cross-validation with the aim of minimizing the classification error.Results: We demonstrate that this methodology provides low-error-rate classification for both yeast cell-cycle gene expression profiles and Dictyostelium cell-type specific gene expression patterns. It also works well in simulations. We compare our functional principal components approach with a B-spline implementation of functional discriminant analysis for the yeast cell-cycle data and simulations. This indicates comparative advantages of our approach which uses fewer eigenfunctions/base functions. The proposed methodology is promising for the analysis of temporal gene expression data and beyond.Availability: MATLAB programs are available upon request.Contact: ileng@wfubmc.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary materials are available on the journal's website.