bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five Coordinated Zinc(II) and Tris‐Chelate Cadmium(II) Complexes with 2,2′‐Diamino‐5,5′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bithiazole – Syntheses, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Crystal Structure
Authors: Hosseinian Akram , Mahjoub Ali Reza 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe new synthesized ligand (DADMBTZ = 2,2′‐diamino‐5,5′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bithiazole), which is mentioned in this text, is used for preparing the two new complexes [Zn(DADMBTZ)3](ClO4)2. 0.8MeOH.0.2H2O (1) and [Cd(DADMBTZ)3](ClO4)2 (2). The characterization was done by IR, 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X‐ray determination. In reaction with DADMBTZ, zinc(II) and cadmium(II) show different characterization. In 2, to form a tris‐chelate complex with nearly C3 symmetry for coordination polyhedron, DADMBTZ acts as a bidentate ligand. In 1, this difference maybe relevant to small radii of Zn2+ which make one of the DADMBTZ ligands act as a monodentate ligand to form the five coordinated Zn2+ complex. In both 1 and 2 complexes the $\rm ClO^{-}_{4}$ anions are symmetrically different. 1 and 2 complexes form 2‐D and 3‐D networks via N‐H···O and N‐H···N hydrogen bonds, respectively.
Hydrocarbon chain distribution of ether phospholipids of the ascidianHalocynthia roretzi and the sea urchinStrongylocentrotus intermedius
Authors: Jeong Bo Young , Ohshima Toshiaki , Koizumi Chiaki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe contents and compositions of the 1‐O‐alk‐1′‐enyl‐2‐acyl, 1‐O‐alkyl‐2‐acyl, and 1,2‐diacyl glycerophospholipids in the muscle and viscera of the ascidianHalocynthia roretzi, and of the gonad of the sea urchinStrongylocentrotus intermedius, which are eaten to some extent in Alaska and in Asia, were analyzed by gas‐liquid chromatography. 1‐O‐Alk‐1′‐enyl‐2‐acyl glycerophospholipids were found in all of the samples, accounting for 64.4–69.0% of the ethanolamine glycerophospholipid (EPL). By contrast, the levels of the 1‐O‐Alk‐1′‐enyl‐2‐acyl choline glycerophospholipids (CPL) were low (3.1–5.7%). CPL was rich in the 1‐O‐alkyl‐2‐acyl subclass amounting to 12.5–23.9% in the ascidian sample. The level of CPL in the sea urchin gonad was extremely high, amounting to 46.1%. The most prominent alkyl chains in thesn‐1 position of CPL from the ascidian muscle were 16∶0 (44.6%), 18∶1 (26.5%), and 18∶0 (10.7%), and of CPL from the sea urchin gonad were 18∶0 (36.2%), 16∶0 (33.0%), and 18∶1 (17.8%). Unusually high levels of odd‐numbered alkyl chains, e.g., 19∶0 andanteiso 17∶0, were detected in the CPL of all samples. The prominent alkenyl chains of EPL were 18∶0 (69.4%), 16∶0 (10.0%), and 18∶1 (8.54%) (not counting the vinyl double bond) for the sea urchin gonad. Relatively high levels of 20∶1 alkenyl chains were also present. The glycerolsn‐2 positions contained high proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, 20∶5n‐3 (43.6%) and 22∶6n‐3 (20.1%) were most abundant in the alkylacyl CPL from the ascidian muscle and 20∶5n‐3 (54.9%) and 20∶4n‐6 (30.1%) in alkylacyl CPL from the sea urchin gonad. Despite a possible interconversion of the alkyl and alkenyl chains of each class of the ether phospholipids, they showed few features in common.
Dietary modulation of phospholipid fatty acid composition and lipoxygenase products in mouse lung homogenates
Authors: Zhang Hongjian , German J. Bruce 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis study investigated the potential of dietary fats to modulate the arachidonic acid content of mouse lung phospholipids and the formation of lipoxygenase products from arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Prior to breeding, female mice were fed for five months diets with 10 wt% of either olive oil, safflower oil, fish oil, or linseed oil. The same diets were fed to the females during gestation and to the pups from day 18 to day 42 postpartum. On day 42, the phospholipids were extracted from fresh lung tissue and separated into classes [phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylinositol (Pl)] by thin‐layer chromatography. Methyl esters of phospholipid fatty acids and unesterified fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. At comparable dietary n‐3/n‐6 ratios, arachidonic acid was reduced 85 and 75% in lungs from mice fed linseed oil and fish oil, respectively, compared to lungs of safflower oil‐fed mice. Dietary fats affected the proportion of arachidonic acid in phospholipids in the order: PE>PS>PS>Pl. Following incubation of homogenized lung tissue, the total amount of 12‐lipoxygenase products was lowest in lungs from mice fed olive oil, and 12‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid was lowest in incubated lungs from mice fed linseed oil. Comparison of the amounts of lipoxygenase substrate fatty acids in the individual phospholipids with the lipoxygenase products suggested that the major substrate pool for the 12‐lipoxygenase pathway in mouse lung homogenates was PC.
Optimization of the mass spectrometric analysis of triacylglycerols using negative‐ion chemical ionization with ammonia
Authors: Laakso Päivi , Kallio Heikki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractConditions for the mass spectrometric analysis of triacylglycerols,via direct exposure probe, with ammonia negative‐ion chemical ionization were optimized. Triacylglycerols were most favorably ionized, using the reactant gas pressure of approximately 8500 mtorr at the ion source temperature of 200°C with the instrumentation used. Abundant [M‐H]− ions were produced under these conditions without the formation of [M+35]− cluster ions, which would interfere with the molecular weight region of triacylglycerols in the spectra. A rapid desorption of the sample from the probe wire is recommended, using a relatively high heating rate (approximately 40 mA s−1), to minimize thermal degradation of unsaturated molecules and the reducing effect of double bonds on the mass spectrometric response of triacylglycerols. Furthermore, the abundance of [M‐H]− ion was enhanced by rapid heating, which we found to be important to improve the sensitivity. The appropriate amount of sample applied to the rhenium wire was in the region of 50–300 ng for one determination, i.e., only a few nanograms of a single triacylglycerol is required for production of a reliable spectrum. The reproducibility of the method was good as demonstrated with standards and a raspberry seed oil sample. The described mass spectrometric method is a fast and potentially useful tool for semiquantitative determination of triacylglycerol mixtures of various fats and oils. The discrimination, caused by differences in molecular size and unsaturation of triacylglycerols with 50 to 56 acyl carbons, was negligible under our optimized ionization conditions, thus, no correction factors were needed. These findings have not yet been verified with instruments in other laboratories. However, the present study shows how the analysis of triacylglycerols can be improved, regardless of the instrument, by optimization of the analytical conditions.
Oxysterols found in opacified cornea of fish
Authors: Adachi Junko , Hojo Keiko , Naito Takeaki , Tatsuno Yoshitsugu 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe describe a new concept implicating oxidized cholesterol derivatives and very long‐chain fatty acids as possible factors in the development of corneal opacification after death. Corneal tissues, removed from both fresh and stale fish eyes, were examined for cholesterol derivatives and fatty acids after methanolysis of lipids. Cholesta‐3,5‐dien‐7‐one, cholest‐4‐en‐3‐one, hexacosanoic acid, and hexacosenoic acid were identifiedvia gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in opacified corneas, but not in significant amounts in fresh ones. The present study confirmed the presence of lipid hydrolysis and a peroxidation process in the opacified cornea.
Dietary fat alters biliary lipid secretion in the hamster
Authors: Ohshima Akira , Cohen Bertram I. , Ayyad Nariman , Mosbach Erwin H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDietary fat has been found to alter the incidence of cholesterol gallstones in hamsters: butterfat intensifies while safflower oil reduces lithiasis. We now report how dietary fat affects bile flow and biliary lipid secretion in this model. Male hamsters were fed one of three experimental diets: a control diet (containing 0.3% cholesterol); control diet +4.0% butterfat; or control diet +4.0% safflower oil. After three weeks, bile samples were collected via an external biliary fistula. The endogenous bile acid pool was depleted for 120 min followed by increasing rates of taurocholate infusion for 160 min. Basal secretion of biliary lipids was measured during the bile acid depletion period. Basal bile flow and bile acid output were not significantly different in the three groups. Dietary butterfat increased basal cholesterol output compared to the control diet (0.037 vs. 0.025 μmol/min·kg, respectively); safflower oil did not change cholesterol output (0.027 μmol/min·kg). Hamsters fed butterfat or safflower oil secreted more phospholipid (0.171 and 0.178 μmol/min·kg, respectively) than controls (0.131 μmol/min·kg). The cholesterol/phospholipid output ratio of the butterfat group was higher than the safflower oil group (0.220 vs. 0.153, respectively). Effects of dietary fat on several relationships between bile flow and biliary lipid secretion were analyzed by linear regression using the data for the entire bile collection period (bile acid depletion and taurocholate infusion). Butterfat and safflower oil did not change either bile acid dependent or bile acid independent bile flow. Hamsters fed butterfat had a higher linkage coefficient (slope) of cholesterol vs. bile acid output than the safflower oil group (0.023 vs. 0.009, respectively). The linkage coefficient of phospholipid vs. bile acid output of the butterfat group was higher than the controls (0.278 vs. 0.185, respectively). In summary, butterfat induced a high cholesterol and phospholipid secretion with a high cholesterol/phospholipid output ratio; safflower oil induced a high phospholipid secretion with a low cholesterol/phospholipid output ratio. Butterfat and safflower oil have different effects on biliary lipid secretion. These differences in biliary lipid secretion may explain, in part, how butterfat and safflower oil differ in affecting gallstone formation in hamsters.
Effects of dietary heated fats on rat liver enzyme activity
Authors: Lamboni Courdjo , Perkins Edward G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary heated fats from a commercial deep‐fat frying operation on rat liver enzyme activity. The fats, partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSBO) used for four days and for 7 days (7‐DH) for frying foodstuffs in a commercial restaurant, were fed to rats in either free access to food or by pair‐feeding graded doses. All diets were isocaloric and contained 15 g/100 g of diet. Experiments were conducted with control rats fed nonheated (NH) PHSBO diet. Animals fed 7‐DH diet in each set of experiments had larger amounts of cytochromes P450 and b5 and greater activity of NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase when compared to controls. The activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐I and isocitrate dehydrogenase were significantly lower in rats fed test diets in comparison to controls. A significantly depressed activity of glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase was also noticed for these animals when compared to those fed NH. In addition, liver and microsomal protein concentrations were significantly greater in rats fed the used oils in comparison to controls, and liver glycogen was significantly lower.
The chemistry and antioxidant properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols
Authors: Kamal‐Eldin Afaf , Appelqvist Lars‐Åke 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis article is a review of the fundamental chemistry of the tocopherols and tocotrienols relevant to their antioxidant action. Despite the general agreement that α‐tocopherol is the most efficient antioxidant and vitamin E homologuein vivo, there was always a considerable discrepancy in its “absolute” and “relative” antioxidant effectivenessin vitro, especially when compared to γ‐tocopherol. Many chemical, physical, biochemical, physicochemical, and other factors seem responsible for the observed discrepancy between the relative antioxidant potencies of the tocopherolsin vivo andin vitro. This paper aims at highlighting some possible reasons for the observed differences between the tocopherols (α‐, β‐, γ‐, and δ‐) in relation to their interactions with the important chemical species involved in lipid peroxidation, specifically trace metal ions, singlet oxygen, nitrogen oxides, and antioxidant synergists. Although literature reports related to the chemistry of the tocotrienols are quite meager, they also were included in the discussion in virtue of their structural and functional resemblance to the tocopherols.
Effect of α‐tocopherol and Trolox on the decomposition of methyl linoleate hydroperoxides
Authors: Hopia Anu , Huang Shu‐Wen , Frankel Edwin N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTo clarify the mechanisms of antioxidant action, the effect of α‐tocopherol and its water‐soluble carboxylic acid derivative, Trolox, was studied on the decomposition of methyl linoleate hydroperoxides (MeLoOOH). Decomposition rate and the distribution of autoxidation products formed from MeLoOOH were followed by analyzing the volatile and nonvolatile products by static headspace gas chromatography and normal‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Both α‐tocopherol and Trolox markedly inhibited the decomposition of MeLoOOH in a concentration‐dependent way. In the absence of antioxidants, MeLoOOH was completely decomposed after incubation for 48 h at 60°C, and in the presence of equal molar concentration of antioxidants only 6–7% of initial MeLoOOH was decomposed even after 280 h of incubation. MeLoOOH produced 1.2% methyl linoleate hydroxy compounds (MeLoOH) in the presence of α‐tocopherol and 3.8% in the presence of Trolox. Both antioxidants inhibited the formation of volatile decomposition products and the formation of ketodiene compounds. The hydroxy compounds may be formed by the reaction of alkoxy radical and hydrogen donating antioxidants. Conversion of MeLoOOH into stable MeLoOH demonstrated that the antioxidants α‐tocopherol and Trolox trap alkoxyl radicals by H‐donation.
Purification and characterization of aPenicillium sp. lipase which discriminates against diglycerides
Authors: Gulomova Komola , Ziomek Edmund , Schrag Joseph D. , Davranov Kahramon , Cygler Miroslaw 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA lipase was isolated fromPenicillium sp. strain UZLM‐4 and characterized. This lipase has a molecular weight of 27,344 (determined by mass spectrometry) and hydrolyzes triglycerides in preference to mono‐ and diglyceride substrates. Among various triglyceride substrates, tributyrin is hydrolyzed about four times faster than any other tested. The lipase has a preference for hydrolysis at the 1,3 positions of the lipids and shows a weak stereoselectivity for the S enantiomer. Unlike most other lipases, this lipase is stable and has a high activity at low surface pressures (5–10 mN/m).
Studies on phospholipid biosynthesis in hepatocytes from alcoholic rats by using radiolabeled exogenous precursors
Authors: Carrasco M. P. , Sanchez‐Amate M. C. , Segovia J. L. , Marco C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe have studied the synthesis of phospholipids in hepatocytes isolated from chronically ethanol‐treated rats by using isotopically labelled serine, ethanolamine, and choline as exogenous precursors. Our results demonstrate that ethanol induces specific effects on the biosynthesis of phosphatidyl‐ethanolamine and phosphatidylcholinevia CDP‐derivatives and also on the synthesis of phosphatidylserinevia the Ca++‐dependent base‐exchange reaction. Thus, the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine from [3‐H]ethanolamine and the incorporation of [3H]serine into phosphatidylserine were clearly higher in hepatocytes from ethanol‐treated rats compared to controls. The synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from [methyl‐14C] choline, on the other hand, decreased markedly, suggesting a specific inhibition of cholinephosphotransferase activity. We have also demonstrated that the phosphatidylcholine levels are markedly decreased in hepatocytes isolated from chronically ethanol‐treated rats as a consequence of the lower phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. The decrease in the incorporation of radioactivity from choline to betaine, which we also found, is interpreted as being the result of a higher use of betaine as methyl donor instead of methionine to maintain the hepaticS‐adenosylmethionine levels in chronic alcoholism.
Estimation of polyunsaturated fatty acid content in lipids of aquatic organisms using thin‐layer chromatography on a plain silica gel plate
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Fukuda Masahiro , Tanaka Ryusuke 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe have designed a rapid method for the separation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, ≥trienes) from non‐PUFA, and for estimation of total amounts of PUFA in lipids of aquatic organisms. Lipids from thirty‐one species, including marine and fresh water fishes, shell fishes, marine algae, and other aquatic animals, and from terrestrial organisms, were transesterified with sodium methoxide in methanol. The resulting fatty acid methyl esters were separated by thin‐layer chromatography on commercially available plain silica gel plates with a developing solvent ofn‐hexane/ethyl ether/acetic acid (95∶5∶1, by vol). All of the methyl esters from aquatic organisms tested separated into two spots, whereas those from terrestrial sources, except for linseed oil, showed a single unresolved spot. The upper and lower spots were scraped separately from the plate, and their fatty acid compositions were determined by gas‐liquid chromatography. The lower spot was composed of PUFA having more than two double bonds, whereas components of the upper spot were saturated, monoenoic, and the greater part of the dienoic fatty acids. When the spots on the silica gel plate were stained with Coomassie brilliant blue, the amounts of PUFA in aquatic organisms could be estimated satisfactorily using a scanning densitometer.
Increased hepatic synthesis and accumulation of plasma apolipoprotein B100 in copper‐deficient rats does not result from modification in apolipoprotein B mRNA editing
Authors: Nassir Fatiha , Giannoni Federico , Mazur Andrzej , Rayssiguier Yves , Davidson Nicholas O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractExperimentally induced copper deficiency in the rat results in increased plasma apolipoprotein B100 (apo B100) concentration in association with increased hepatic apo B100 synthesis. This enhancement of apo B100 synthesis and plasma accumulation accounts for the rise of plasma low density lipoprotein in these animals. In the present study, we have investigated if the selective increase in hepatic apo B100 synthesis is accounted for by changes in apo B mRNA editing. Reverse transcription coupled with polymerase chain reaction amplification and primer extension analysis of apo B cDNA revealed no differences in apo B mRNA editing in either the liver or small intestine between control and copper‐deficient rats. We speculate that the increase in apo B100 synthesis in the liver of copper‐deficient rats reflects posttranslational alterations in gene expression accompanying changes in very low density lipoprotein assembly and secretion.
Effect of dietary n‐9 eicosatrienoic acid on the fatty acid composition of plasma lipid fractions and tissue phospholipids
Authors: Cleland L. G. , Neumann M. A. , Gibson R. A. , Hamazaki T. , Akimoto K. , James M. J. 
Published: November 2006

Abstractn‐9 Eicosatrienoic acid (ETrA), also known as Mead acid, is a minor fatty acid in essential fatty acid (EFA)‐sufficient healthy subjects but is found at increased levels in EFA deficiency. This study examined the influence of dietary ETrA from a biological source on plasma and tissue ETrA. A synthetic fat‐free diet was prepared to which was added Mut 48 oil which contains 19% ETrA (wt%) as well as other n‐9 fatty acids. Blends of vegetable oils were used to achieve overall diets with 5% fat (wt%) and varying amounts of ETrA at two different dietary levels of linoleic acid (LA), approximately 4.4 and 19% of total fatty acids. These diets were fed to 5‐week‐old Dark Agouti rats for four weeks. Plasma lipid fractions and liver, spleen, and peritoneal exudate (PE) cells were analyzed for fatty acid composition. ETrA was present at up to 20% total fatty acids in plasma triglyceride, cholesterol ester, and phospholipid fractions. ETrA also accumulated to substantial levels in phospholipids of liver and spleen (up to 15% of total fatty acids) and PE cells (up to 11%). ETrA was found in plasma and tissue phospholipids in proportion to the amount of ETrA present in the diet. The incorporation was reduced in diets with higher LA content compared to diets containing similar amounts of ETrA but lower LA. All rats remained apparently healthy, and histological survey of major organs revealed no abnormality. While the long‐term implications for health of ingestion of diets rich in ETrA remain to be established, rats appear to tolerate high levels of dietary ETrA without adverse effects. Dietary enrichment with ETrA warrants further investigation for possible beneficial effects in models of inflammation and autoimmunity, as well as in other conditions in which mediators derived from n‐6 fatty acids can affect homeostasis adversely.
Vitamin E inhibits fish oil‐induced hyperlipidemia and tissue lipid peroxidation in hamsters
Authors: Kubow Stan , Goyette Nathalie , Kermasha Selim , Stewart‐Phillip Jean , Koski Kristine G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPrevious research has linked hyperlipidemia with increased serum concentrations of lipid peroxidation products; however, a specific association between diet‐induced oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia has not been studied. In the present study, the relationship between tissue lipid peroxidation and hyperlipidemia induced by ingestion of fish oil was examined. In Experiment 1, male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed semipurified diets composed of 1.6 wt% safflower oil plus 15.0 wt% of either butterfat (BF), safflower oil (SAFF), or high‐cholesterol menhaden oil [MHO(H‐CHOL)] semipurified diets for 27 d. The cholesterol contents of the diets were adjusted to 0.088%. The MHO(H‐CHOL)‐fed hamsters exhibited higher serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, and lipid peroxides when compared to the BF and SAFF diet groups. In a further study (Experiment 2), hamsters were fed for 27 d three dietary treatments: (i) MHO(H‐CHOL) with no vitamin E content; (ii) a low‐cholesterol menhaden oil containing high concentrations of vitamin E (2.5 mg tocopherol/g oil or dietary concentrations of 375 mg/kg) [MHO(L‐CHOL)+E]; and (iii) the MHO(L‐CHOL+E) with added cholesterol (595 mg/kg) [MHO(L‐CHOL)+CHOL+E] to match the cholesterol content of the MHO(H‐CHOL). The MHO(L‐CHOL)+E and MHO(L‐CHOL)+CHOL+E diet groups showed lower concentrations of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and hepatic lipid peroxides than the MHO(H‐CHOL)‐treated group. Moreover, in contrast to the hypercholesterolemia caused by the MHO(H‐CHOL) feeding, the MHO(L‐CHOL)+E and MHO(L‐CHOL)+CHOL+ E diets did not show a serum cholesterol‐elevating action. This study supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress in the Syrian hamster could play a causal role in dietary‐induced hyperlipidemia which can be inhibited by high vitamin E intake.