bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticoagulant response to activated protein c: Method validation and assay comparison
Authors: Calkins Tom , Greengard Judy , Griffin John H. , Bylund David 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPoor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC), present in 20–60% of thrombophilic patients, is most often caused by abnormal factor Va due to the mutation of Arg506 to Gln, and DNA sequencing confirms this finding. At Scripps Reference Laboratory (SRL), we have validated an in‐house assay to detect APC resistance. A study of 80 normal subjects (40 males and 40 females, 21–60 years old) showed that adult males and females have statistically significant differences in their anticoagulant response to APC. Furthermore, APC response is increased in older individuals. APC responses of the same 80 normal samples determined using the SRL assay were compared to a commercial kit (Chromogenix®, Coatest). Although both procedures are similar, the SRL assay gave a greater difference between male and female normal ranges. Eight of 18 (44%) thrombophilic patients were identified as APC‐resistant. Samples from individuals having the factor V Arg506Gln mutation yielded low responses to APC in both assays. Determination of APC resistance assists physicians in determining the cause of thrombotic disorders and may eventually help in predicting the risk of familial thrombosis.
Splitting and dehulling lentil (Lens culinaris): Effects of genotype and location
Authors: Erskine William , Williams Philip C , Nakkoul Hani 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMost red‐cotyledon microsperma lentils (Lens culinaris Medikus) are utilised after postharvest processing into split dehulled seed. This study examined the effects on dehulling of 23 diverse genotypes of red‐cotyledon microsperma lentil, each grown at three sites ranging from 245 to 663 mm total seasonal rainfall in Lebanon and Syria. Dehulling efficiency (%) was measured as the sum of split dehulled seed, whole dehulled seed, and whole hulled seed. Despite a range in location means of 464–2018 kg ha−1 for grain yield, the corresponding mean dehulling efficiencies varied only from 84.8 to 85.9%, indicating that the location effect on dehulling efficiency is of minor importance. There was more variation among genotypes for dehulling efficiency (80.8–87.7%) and for preparation of split dehulled seed (62.1–80.2%) than between locations. Seed processing variables showed medium to high broadsense heritabilities. Correlations between seed processing characters and agronomic variables were generally low. An approach to seed selection for optimum processing variables within the ICARDA breeding programme is discussed.
Selection of the most appropriate reference crop for the assessment of nitrogen fixation by soya bean in Anambra state, Nigeria
Authors: Okereke G U , Dauda D , Ayama D 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNitrogen fixation by various soya bean cultivars was estimated using upland rice, maize and sesame as reference non‐legume crops to enable the selection of the most appropriate reference crop for Nigerian soil. The per cent 15N atom excess of rice was consistently higher than that of the three soya bean cultivars at all sampling dates, indicating that the soya bean cultivars fixed N whereas rice did not. By contrast, the per cent 15N atom excesses of sesame and maize were smaller than those of the soya bean cultivars at certain days after planting, giving a false impression of nitrogen fixation by sesame and maize. Using rice to calculate the per cent nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (NDFA) gave larger and consistently positive values. The use of maize and sesame as reference crops gave inconsistent negative and positive values for the NDFA. Thus, upland rice was a better reference crop for the calculation of NDFA under the prevailing conditions of the experimental site.
Effect of water extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) on the activity of hydrolytic enzymes of mixed rumen bacteria from buffalo
Authors: Agarwal Neeta , Kewalramani Neelam , Kamra Devki N , Agarwal Dinesh K , Nath Kedar 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effect of cold and hot water extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A Juss) seed kernel cake on the hydrolytic enzymes of mixed rumen bacteria was studied. The activities of carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase were stimulated, and those of α‐amylase, protease and urease were inhibited by the addition of neem cake extract to the reaction mixture. The stimulation and inhibition became more intense with increasing concentration of extract. The hot water extract was more effective than cold water extract in stimulation of carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase activities, but ä‐amylase was inhibited equally by both the extracts.
Effects of heat treatment and storage temperature on the biogenic amine content of straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea)
Authors: Yen Gow‐Chin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe changes in the biogenic amines tryptamine, 2‐phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine and tyramine of straw mushroom Volvariella volvacea (Bull, ex Fr) Sing produced by heat treatment and during storage at different temperatures were studied. About 80% of the original content of these amines was lost during cooking. Commercial canned straw mushroom contained low amounts of amines. The amine contents of straw mushroom increased during storage at 4°C, with particularly notable increases in the concentrations of 2‐phenylethylamine and tyramine after 5 days' storage. However, the levels of all amines increased more markedly during storage at 25°C, and the increases in the putrescine and cadaverine concentrations were much greater than those reached at 4°C.
Influence of the cropping pattern on aflatoxin contamination in preharvest Kharif (monsoon) maize crop (Zea mays)
Authors: Bilgrami Krishna S , Ranjan Kumar S , Masood Ahmad 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAflatoxin contamination in three varieties of maize (Zea mays L), viz Diara composite, M9 and Suwan composite, under various cultivation rates and planting densities was examined during the 1987 and 1989 Kharif (monsoon) crops. Cultivation rates comprising single line weeding (SLW) with one spading, SLW with two spadings and SLW with three spadings did not have significant effects on aflatoxin production in the preharvest standing crop. Of the three planting populations, the toxin level was highest under 56000 plants ha−1 followed by 83000 plants ha−1, and 67000 plants ha−1 in Aspergillus flavus inoculated plots (I1) and uninoculated plots (I0), respectively. The variety M9 was most susceptible to A flavus infection and supported higher aflatoxin production under I1 condition. Aflatoxin concentration was lowest in Diara composite. Correlation analysis showed a positive and highly significant relation between A flavus incidence and aflatoxin contamination (r = +0.73, P < 0.01).
Protein, fat and fatty acid composition of Celosia species
Authors: Prakash Dhan , Nath Pashupati , Pal M 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe seeds of 13 lines of Celosia referable to four species were analysed for protein, fat and fatty acid composition. The protein contents varied from 101 to 170 g kg−1 and fat contents from 56 to 109 g kg−1. The fatty acid composition was of the simple palmitic‐oleic‐linoleic type.
Characterisation of lactose crystallised in acidified aqueous ethanol
Authors: Singh Rakesh K , Shah Basant B 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThree types of crystalline lactose hydrates having melting points (MP) of 218°C, 195°C and 169°C were crystallised from 680 ml litre−1 ethanol solution with a lactose to solvent ratio of 1:14‐1:24 at three pH values, ∼ 4, 2.5 and 1.3. The three types were characterised on the basis of their optical rotation, phase transition and X‐ray powder diffraction pattern. The samples with high and low MP were α‐lactose hydrates whereas that with the intermediate MP (195°C) was a hydrated lactose containing both α‐ and β‐forms.
Gel filtration studies of peptide metabolism by rumen microorganisms
Authors: Wallace R John 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPeptide metabolism by rumen microorganisms was investigated by gel filtration using Sephadex G‐25 with water as eluant. Protein hydrolysates containing a mixture of peptides were used to calibrate the column. Total peptide in each fraction was estimated from its A206, and free peptide amino groups were analysed by fluorescamine, thus enabling the average peptide Mr to be calculated. Three different protein hydrolysates produced similar, nearly linear, relations between log Mr and elution volume for peptides between 300 and 2000 Da. Trypticase, a pancreatic hydrolysate of casein, was metabolised rapidly in rumen fluid in vitro. Hydrolysis appeared to be complete after 6 h, leaving a small residual peptide concentration which persisted up to 24 h, equivalent to about 15% of the original peptide concentration of 2 g litre−1. Residual peptides from casein hydrolysis were 0.05 g litre−1 at 24 h. Peptides accumulated in rumen fluid of sheep receiving dietary ionophores. Two hours after feeding, the accumulation with monensin appeared to be of peptides of a wide Mr range, while tetronasin caused an accumulation mainly of smaller, <570 Da, peptides. Treatment of Trypticase with acetic anhydride afforded 76% protection of its peptides from degradation to ammonia in a 6‐h incubation. When Trypticase was fractionated by gel filtration then acetylated, none of the fractions was protected significantly better than others.
Dynamic measurement of tissue rigidity during freezing and cooking of vegetablesa
Authors: Ramana Sundara V , Taylor Andrew J 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDynamic oscillatory shear measurements on vegetable tissue were carried out using a modified Weissenberg rheogoniometer. The modified bottom platen and its heating system provided rapid heat transfer and reproducible heating rates. Small discs of tissue (1‐9 mm, 20‐6 mm dia) were attached to the platen and rheological parameters were measured at 30°C. Some tissues gave measurements that were within the linear viscoelastic region; others demonstrated nonlinear behaviour. The applied stress was in phase with the strain, and shear modulus (G′) was therefore the important rheological parameter.When discs of vegetable tissue were heated in the range 20‐80°C the G′ value rose slightly then declined rapidly. The initial G′ value depended on the type of vegetable used, and there was also sample‐to‐sample variation. Similarly, the temperature at which G′ declined was vegetable dependent. Samples were frozen on the rheogoniometer and then heated from — 18 to 80°C. The change in G′ as the tissue thawed was measured. The technique has limitations if absolute values of G′ are required. However, for comparing the behaviour of different vegetables during heating and cooling, the technique allows dynamic measurements to be made.
Unusual fatty acids of Cordia rothii seed oil
Authors: Daulatabad Chirag Mahmood Jehan D , Desai Vijayaraj A , Hosamani Kallappa M 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe seed oil of Cordia rothii Roem and Schult, syn Cordia angustifolia Roxb. belonging to the family Boraginaceae contains ricinoleic (10.8 %), malvalic (2.5%), sterculic (1.5%), myristic (2.4%), palmitic (32.8%), stearic (2.2%), oleic (7.8%) and linoleic (40.0%) acids.
Spatially heterogeneous impacts on rangeland after social system change in Mongolia
Authors: Okayasu T. , Muto M. , Jamsran U. , Takeuchi K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAfter the social system in Mongolia changed from socialism to capitalism in the early 1990s, the cooperative system called negdel, which helped to disperse the grazing pressure, collapsed. As a consequence of the collapse, scientists warned that grazing pressure would become concentrated and fixed at particular locations, resulting in land degradation. However, no quantitative studies of such potential local concentration have been performed in Mongolia. In this study, using satellite images and large‐scale thematic maps, we analysed the local vegetation change in relation to possible control factors, including open water, roads and settlements. Individual factors had significant impacts on the local vegetation change: particularly prominent were a beltlike decrease in plant density along the main roads and decreases around densely populated areas. In addition, the interaction between these factors negatively affected vegetation, as seen by a decrease around roads and open water near settlements. This interactive effect is likely a consequence of the basic requirements of the nomadic pastoralists, namely quality grassland, water sources and the services provided by settlements. In our study area in Mongolia, the local pattern of vegetation change was determined by the complex process of pastoralists' decision‐making. A comprehensive understanding of this process is essential for devising management plans to counteract this vegetation degradation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inside‐outl vein graft repair compared with nerve grafting for nerve regeneration in rats
Authors: Wang Kai‐Kai , Costas Paul D. , Bryan David J. , Eby Patricia L. , Seckel Brooke R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe inside‐out vein graft is a vein conduit pulled through itself to invert the normal orientation and place the adventitial layer within the lumen of the conduit. Our study compares regeneration of peripheral nerves in the rat through two conduits: inside‐out graft of the jugular vein and autogenous nerve graft. In 10 rats, the right jugular vein was harvested, turned inside out, and used to bridge a 10 mm defect created in the right sciatic nerve. The 10 mm nerve segment from the right was then used as a standard nerve graft to bridge a 10 mm gap created in the left sciatic nerve. Rats were sacrificed at 8 and 12 weeks. Regeneration on the inside‐out vein graft side showed superior functional results (faster conduction velocities) and improved histological results (greater axon counts) compared with the nerve grafted side. We feel the adventitial surface of the wall of the vein promotes nerve regeneration by providing an environment rich with collagen, laminin, and Schwann cells and promotes increased vascularization of the new nerve. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Axillary plexus blockade in microvascular surgery, a steal phenomenon?
Authors: van der Werff John. F. A. , Medici Georgio , Hovius Steven E. R. , Kusuma Arie 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA case report is presented of an axillary plexus blockade following a second toe‐to‐hand transfer. After completion of the microvascular anastomoses and restoration of blood flow to the transplanted toe, the axillary plexus blockade was started. Together with the vasodilation of the hand and forearm there was a marked drop in blood flow in the transplanted toe. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are considered. We suggest starting axillary plexus blockade before completion of microvascular anastomoses and maintaining a continuous postoperative blockade. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reconstructive microsurgery of lymph vessels: The personal method of lymphatic‐venous‐lymphatic (LVL) interpositioned grafted shunt
Authors: Campisi C. , Boccardo F. , Tacchella M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOur clinical observations in 64 patients affected by chronic obstructive lymphedema (either arm or leg) undergoing interposition autologous lymphatic‐venous‐lymphatic (LVL) anastomoses are reported. This microsurgical technique is an alternative to other lymphatic shunting methods, especially when venous dysfunction coexists in the same limb and, therefore, when direct lymphatic‐venous anastomosis is accordingly inadequate. Preoperative diagnostic evaluation (including lymphatic and venous isotopic scintigraphy, Doppler venous flowmetrics, and pressure manometry) plays an essential role in assessing the conditions of both the lymphatic and venous systems and in establishing which microsurgical procedure, if any, is indicated. Our microsurgical technique consists of inserting suitably large and lengthy autologous venous grafts between lymphatic collectors above and below the site of obstruction to lymph flow. The data show that, using this technique, both limb function and edema improved, and in all patients followed up for over 5 years edema regression was permanent. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testicular autotransplantation for the intra‐abdominal testis
Authors: Bukowski Timothy P. , Wacksman Jeffrey , Billmire David A. , Sheldon Curtis A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOftentimes patients with intra‐abdominal testes require more than the standard procedure to accomplish orchiopexy. Division of the spermatic vessels has been one mainstay of operative approaches for the intra‐abdominal testis since Fowler and Stephens (Congenital Malformations of Rectum, Anus, and Genitouriary Tracts, chapter 19, pp 306–320, 1963) provided an anatomically rational basis for this procedure. Silber and Kelly (J Urol, 115:452–454, 1976) first described using a microvascular anastomosis to bring extra blood supply to the testicle after mobilization of a high intra‐abdominal testicle into the scrotum; however, this approach has not been adopted by many for a number of reasons. The microvascular skill and instrumentation required for a successful anastomosis are not universally available and there is a misconception that the procedure is a lengthy one (Bianchi, Br J Urol 56:521–524, 1984; Bogaert et al., Urology 42:182–188, 1993). We present our series for testicular autotransplantation used over a 17 year period with a greater than 95% success. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gamete microsurgery for assisted fertilization
Authors: Sparks Amy E. T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeveral methods of gamete microsurgery have been proposed to facilitate the union of the spermatozoon and oocyte in infertile couples. Partial zona dissection, subzonal sperm insertion, and intracytoplasmic sperm insertion are the three techniques currently being used for assisted fertilization in human in vitro fertilization laboratories. Fertilization and pregnancy rates after partial zona dissection and subzonal insertion have been variable and rather low. Recent reports of relatively high fertilization and pregnancy rates achieved after intracytoplasmic sperm insertion have rejuvenated interest in gamete microsurgery. Methods for each procedure are described. Studies which have attempted patient selection for gamete microsurgery are discussed. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plea to save the great toe in total thumb reconstruction
Authors: Foucher G. , Binhammer P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThumb reconstruction remains a controversial field. In young, well‐motivated patients, in the absence of avulsion injuries, toe to hand transfer is an accepted procedure. With refinement, it is possible to avoid sacrifice of the great toe and in many cases avoid resorting to a second toe which is functionally and cosmetically insufficient. Custom‐made reconstruction allows us both to save the donor great toe and to improve function and cosmesis of the donor site. Three basic techniques are reviewed: the modified wrap‐around, bipolar lengthening, and twisted two‐toes techniques. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The free vascularised fibular transfer as a definitive treatment in femoral septic non‐unions
Authors: Nonnenmacher J. , Bahm J. , Moui Y. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFree vascularised bone transfer (fibula, iliac crest, or rib) is an accepted method of bone grafting in malignant and nonunion bone surgery. The vascular microanastomoses have transformed the bone healing by creeping substitution seen after non‐vascularised grafting (a long and often insufficient process) into normal healing of the fracture site. The presence of its own vascular support allows bone healing in such compromised circumstances as sclerosis and infection. We present the clinical history of five patients with septic femoral non‐unions, in which only the final vascular fibular graft provided an acceptable outcome. Discussion about the indication and timing of this microsurgical salvage procedure is still controversial. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complications of free flap donor sites
Authors: Mahoney James 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA variety of free tissue transfers are available for microsurgical reconstruction. To date little attention has been placed on the donor site, both from the potential for acute complications as well as long‐term morbidity. In this review the various types of tissue transfers in different anatomical locations have been assessed for potential problems at the donor site. An assessment system is proposed to better evaluate this problem as well as to allow comparison of the different donor sites. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microvenous thrombosis rates following anastomosis with vein grafting and a knotted suture
Authors: Zhang Feng , Üstüner Tuncay , Walker Richard , Buntic Rudolf , Lineaweaver William C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn experimental microvenous thrombosis model was developed combining vein grafting in femoral vein defects with exaggerated vessel injuries using a knotted suture in the vessel repair. The rat femoral vein grafts were separately subjected to injuries caused by an anastomosis performed with a suture knotted with eight half‐hitches at the distal anastomosis (upstream), the proximal anastomosis (downstream), and both anastomotic sites. These groups were compared to vein grafting done with a standard suture. Vessel patency was assessed at 20 min and 24 hr, and the thrombus component was histologically analyzed at 24 hr after the procedures. One hundred percent of control vein grafts were patent at 24 hr. All experimental groups had significantly decreased patency at 24 hr (P<0.001). Among the experimental groups, knotted suture anastomoses at both anastomoses produced significantly lower patency (13.3%, P<0.05) than knotted suture anastomoses at distal anastomoses. Histological analyses of thrombosed grafts showed that a large amount of thrombocyte deposition and inflammatory cells were noted at both anastomotic sites in the vein grafts with a knotted suture at the distal anastomosis and in the grafts with a knotted suture at both anastomoses. Thrombocyte deposition and inflammatory cells were seen only at the site of proximal anastomosis when using a knotted suture at the proximal anastomosis site alone. This study demonstrated that quantified microvenous thrombosis can be produced by exaggerating vessel injuries with a knotted suture in a vein graft model. This thrombosis model can be used to study the effects of antithrombogenic agents. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.