bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crashing into Public History with Aimee Semple McPherson
Authors: SUTTON MATTHEW AVERY 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In this article, Matthew Avery Sutton reflects on his experiences as he unwittingly plunged into the world of public history. His book on controversial evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson was made into a documentary for PBS, and he served as the historical advisor for the project. He argues that despite many historians' skepticism about the genre of historical documentary, writers and filmmakers are essentially engaged in the same process—each tries to simplify complicated stories about the past to speak to their intended audiences. The differences between the two are of scope, not tactic. Turning the camera on himself, Sutton found that working with the public and the media made him a better communicator, a better writer, and a better historian.
Abbott Lowell Cummings and the Preservation of New England
Authors: NEUWIRTH JESSICA , PAYNTER ROBERT , SWEENEY KEVIN , PAYNTER BRADEN , CUMMINGS ABBOTT LOWELL 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This interview discusses Abbott Lowell Cummings' life and work as a public historian, focusing in particular on his long career at the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities (now Historic New England). It deals with the early history of SPNEA under William Sumner Appleton and Bertram K. Little, but focuses particularly on the post-1955 development of the organization after Cummings' arrival and on the refinement of SPNEA's collection of historical buildings through deaccessioning and the establishment of increasingly professionalized standards for preservation, conservation, and interpretation. It also discusses important preservation battles in Boston, such as the fight to preserve the West End from urban renewal and the battle over whether to tear down Victorian architecture on Beacon Hill.
Expression of Multiple Chondroitin/Dermatan Sulfotransferases in the Neurogenic Regions of the Embryonic and Adult Central Nervous System Implies That Complex Chondroitin Sulfates Have a Role in Neural Stem Cell Maintenance
Authors: Akita Kaoru , von Holst Alexander , Furukawa Yoko , Mikami Tadahisa , Sugahara Kazuyuki , Faissner Andreas 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Chondroitin/dermatan sulfotransferases (C/D-STs) underlie the synthesis of diverse sulfated structures in chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) chains. Recent reports have suggested that particular sulfated structures on CS/DS polymers are involved in the regulation of neural stem cell proliferation. Here, we examined the gene expression profile of C/D-STs in the neurogenic regions of embryonic and adult mouse central nervous system. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, all presently known C/D-STs were detected in the dorsal and ventral telencephalon of the embryonic day 13 (E13) mouse embryo, with the exception of chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase (C4ST)-3. In situ hybridization for C4ST-1, dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase-1, chondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferase (C6ST)-1 and -2, and uronosyl 2-O-sulfotransferase revealed a cellular expression of these sulfotransferase genes in the embryonic germinal zones of the forebrain. The expression of multiple C/D-STs is maintained on cells residing in the adult neural stem cell niche. Neural stem cells cultured as neurospheres maintained the expression of these enzymes. Consistent with the gene expression pattern of C/D-STs, disaccharide analysis revealed that neurospheres and E13 mouse brain cells synthesized CS/DS chains containing monosulfated, but also significant amounts of disulfated, disaccharide units. Functionally, the inhibition of sulfation with sodium chlorate resulted in a significant, dose-dependent decrease in neurosphere number that could not be rescued by the addition of individual purified glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, including heparin. These findings argue against a simple charge-based mechanism of GAG chains in neural stem cell maintenance. The synergistic activities of C/D-STs might allow for the adaptive modification of CS/DS proteoglycans with diversely sulfated CS/DS chains in the extracellular microenvironment that surrounds neural stem cells.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Improve Left Ventricular Function, Induce Angiogenesis, and Reduce Infarct Size in Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gandia Carolina , Armiñan Ana , García-Verdugo Jose Manuel , Lledó Elisa , Ruiz Amparo , Miñana M Dolores , Sanchez-Torrijos Jorge , Payá Rafael , Mirabet Vicente , Carbonell-Uberos Francisco , Llop Mauro , Montero Jose Anastasio , Sepúlveda Pilar 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Human dental pulp contains precursor cells termed dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) that show self-renewal and multilineage differentiation and also secrete multiple proangiogenic and antiapoptotic factors. To examine whether these cells could have therapeutic potential in the repair of myocardial infarction (MI), DPSC were infected with a retrovirus encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and expanded ex vivo. Seven days after induction of myocardial infarction by coronary artery ligation, 1.5 × 106 GFP-DPSC were injected intramyocardially in nude rats. At 4 weeks, cell-treated animals showed an improvement in cardiac function, observed by percentage changes in anterior wall thickening left ventricular fractional area change, in parallel with a reduction in infarct size. No histologic evidence was seen of GFP+ endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, or cardiac muscle cells within the infarct. However, angiogenesis was increased relative to control-treated animals. Taken together, these data suggest that DPSC could provide a novel alternative cell population for cardiac repair, at least in the setting of acute MI.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Repopulating Activity of Ex Vivo-Expanded Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells Resides in the CD48−c-Kit+Sca-1+Lineage Marker− Cell Population
Authors: Noda Shinichi , Horiguchi Kana , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Miyoshi Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A better understanding of the biology of cultured hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is required to achieve ex vivo expansion of HSCs. In this study, clonal analysis of the surface phenotype and repopulating activity of ex vivo-expanded murine HSCs was performed. After 7 days of culture with stem cell factor, thrombopoietin, fibroblast growth factor-1, and insulin-like growth factor-2, single CD34−/lowc-Kit+Sca-1+lineage marker− (CD34−KSL) cells gave rise to various numbers of cells. The proportion of KSL cells decreased with increasing number of expanded cells. Transplantation studies revealed that the progeny containing a higher percentage of KSL cells tended to have enhanced repopulating potential. We also found that CD48 was heterogeneously expressed in the KSL cell population after culture. Repopulating activity resided only in the CD48−KSL cell population, which had a relatively long intermitotic interval. Microarray analysis showed surprisingly few differences in gene expression between cultured CD48−KSL cells (cycling HSCs) and CD48+KSL cells (cycling non-HSCs) compared with freshly isolated CD34−KSL cells (quiescent HSCs), suggesting that the maintenance of stem cell activity is controlled by a relatively small number of genes. These findings should lead to a better understanding of ex vivo-expanded HSCs.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Arsenic bioavailability in the soil amended with leaves of arsenic hyperaccumulator, Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata L.)
Authors: Du Xin , Cui Yanshan , Weng Liping , Cao Qing , Zhu Yongguan 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
An incubation experiment was carried out to better understand the fate of As during the decomposition of As-rich Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata L.) leaves and to assess As bioavailability in soil. Dried fern leaves with an As concentration of 1,150 ± 14 μg/g were amended with unpolluted soil at 1 and 3%. After aging for one, three, and six months, germinated wheat was planted in the soil. After two months, wheat plants were harvested. Results showed that As concentration in shoots and roots significantly increased with increasing amounts of As-rich leaf additions in soil samples and decreased over the incubation time (p &lt; 0.001). For treatments with 3% fern leaf incubation, the average of As concentration in shoots was 1.59 μg/g dry weight after one month of incubation, nearly 20-fold higher than that of the nonamended treatment; after six months of incubation, As concentration in shoots was 0.48 μg/g, almost 10-fold higher than the corresponding nonamended treatment. Based on a sequential extraction method, As showed a shift from weakly adsorbed fractions to more strongly adsorbed fractions during the incubation, hence resulting in less As bioavailability. Arsenic concentrations in shoots and roots could be well described with linear functions of As concentrations distributed in different fractions. In conclusion, aging effect should be considered during risk assessment of As in soil–plant systems where As is recycled by the plant.
Multiresidue determination of fluoroquinolone, sulfonamide, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol antibiotics in urban waters in China
Authors: Peng Xianzhi , Tan Jianhua , Tang Caiming , Yu Yiyi , Wang Zhendi 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A feasible method has been optimized to simultaneously determine multiclass antibiotic residues, including sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol in urban riverine water and wastewater by off-line solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array ultraviolet detector and a fluorescence detector. Internal standard and standard addition methods were used in combination to identify and quantify these antibiotics to compensate for the matrix interference. The method quantification limits (MQLs) were determined to be 0.035 to 0.100 μg/L and 0.100 to 0.300 μg/L for the riverine water and wastewater, respectively. Recoveries of the investigated antibiotics ranged from 63 to 126%. Sulfamethoxazole was the most frequently detected antibiotic residue in Guangzhou section of the Major Pearl River, South China, with a maximum level of 0.510 μg/L. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics were relatively less detected with a maximum level of 0.459 μg/L. The maximum concentration of sulfamethoxazole reached 5.597 μg/L in the raw wastewater from a large-scale sewage treatment plant in Guangzhou city. Around 30% of sulfamethoxazole might survive the primary clarification and biotreatment processes in the sewage treatment plant. None of the investigated antibiotics have been found above MQLs in the final effluent after chlorine disinfection.
Response of the freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris to trichloroisocyanuric acid and ciprofloxacin
Authors: Nie Xiangping , Wang Xiang , Chen Jufang , Zitko Vladimir , An Taichen 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The effects of trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) and ciprofloxacin (CPFX) on the freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris were assessed by toxicity bioassays and by the values of biomarkers in phase I and phase II. The biomarkers included growth rate, concentration of chlorophyll a, activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylases (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and total glutathione (GSH). Ciprofloxacin was a weaker growth inhibitor than TCCA but, at a concentration of greater than 12.5 mg/L, decreased the growth of C. vulgaris. Concentration of chlorophyll a showed a similar trend. The 96-h median effective concentration (EC50; i.e., 50% reduction in growth relative to the control) of CPFX was 20.6 mg/L. Trichloroisocyanuric acid was a strong growth inhibitor and, at concentrations of greater than 0.80 mg/L, caused 100% inhibition on 24-h exposure. The 96-h EC50 of TCCA was 0.313 mg/L. Ciprofloxacin and TCCA affected the phase I and phase II enzyme activities differently. On exposure to CPFX, both EROD and GSH decreased at low CPFX concentrations (&lt;5.0 mg/L) and increased at high CPFX concentrations (&gt;12.5 mg/L), and CAT and GST exhibited induction at low concentrations and inhibition at high concentrations. In TCCA exposure, GST activity was significantly stimulated, and GSH concentration was increased. Catalase activity increased only at TCCA concentrations of greater than 0.12 mg/L, and no change in EROD activity was observed.
Characterization and loading estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in road runoff from urban regions of Beijing, China
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Shucai , Yue Dapan , Wan Chao , Ye Youbin , Wang Xuejun 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper reports an initial study regarding our quantitative understanding of the characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination and loading estimation from road runoff in Beijing (China). The concentrations of 16 PAHs were measured in road runoff and rainwater in a composite commercial and residential catchment of Beijing in 2006. In road runoff samples, geometric mean concentrations of Σ16 PAHs (the sum of 16 PAH concentrations) in the dissolved and particle phases were 548.2 and 3,872.2 ng/L, respectively, and in rainwater samples, the concentrations in the dissolved and particle phases were 172.9 and 274.6 ng/L, respectively. An analysis on spatial variation among the sampling sites showed that PAH concentrations at the branch road (with low traffic volume) were higher than those at the trunk road (with high traffic volume) and that PAH contamination at the bicycle lane was comparable to that at the vehicle lane. Dimensionless cumulative analyses indicated that first flush effect did not occur in all cases, but rather depended on storm event characteristics. According to the annual unit loading rate and the planned road area, the relative magnitude of PAH loading in road runoff was in the following order: Vehicle lane of trunk road &gt; branch road &gt; bicycle lane of trunk road.
Fate of estrogens and xenoestrogens in four sewage treatment plants with different technologies
Authors: Ying Guang-Guo , Kookana Rai S , Kumar Anu 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The fate and removal of the estrogens 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and of the xenoestrogens bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), and nonylphenol mono- and diethoxylate (NPEO1 and NPEO2, respectively) were investigated in four South Australian sewage treatment plants (STPs; plants A–D) with different treatment technologies. The concentrations in the effluent from the two-year survey were similar to those reported in other studies. In the effluent, 4-NP, NPEO1, and NPEO2 had total concentrations up to 8 μg/L, which were much higher than those of BPA and 4-t-OP. Estrone had the highest concentrations among the three estrogens, ranging between 13.3 and 39.3 ng/L, whereas the concentrations for E2 and EE2 varied between 1.0 and 4.2 ng/L and between 0.1 and 1.3 ng/L, respectively. The removal rates for the estrogens and xenoestrogens were variable but consistent with the plant performance parameters (biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, and ammonia). Considering all the estrogenic compounds analyzed in the present study, plant D, with a series of anaerobic and aerobic lagoons, was the least efficient of the four STPs in the removal of these compounds. The removal rates for 4-NP, NPEO1, and NPEO2 within the plants were 92% for plant A, with conventional activated sludge treatment; 80% for plant B, with two oxidation ditches; 70% for plant C, with three bioreactors; and 64% for plant D, with 10 lagoons in series. Comparatively, the removal of estrogens was lower, with rates ranging between 47 and 68% for E2 at the four plants. Both E1 and EE2 were more persistent during treatment, especially in plants C and D.
A two-hybrid yeast assay to quantify the effects of xenobiotics on thyroid hormone-mediated gene expression
Authors: Li Jian , Ma Mei , Wang Zijian 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Over the last few years, increasing evidence has become available that some chemicals may have thyroid hormone-disrupting potencies. The effects exerted via thyroid hormone receptors (TR) have not been studied thoroughly. The present study investigates chemical thyroid hormone disruption at the level of TR functioning. To this end the (ant)agonistic action of a series of xenobiotics was tested in the newly developed yeast two-hybrid assay. This assay makes use of recombined TRβ gene and reporter gene yeast, which specifically expresses β-galactosidase when incubated with exogenous 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3). Agonistic and antagonistic actions were studied in the absence and presence of 5 × 10−6 mol/L T3, which induced maximal β-galactosidase activity. The compounds tested included the specific TR-antagonist amiodarone, as well as a series of phenols, phthalate, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs) with structural similarity to T3, and 3,3′,5,5′-tetraiodo-L-thyronine (T4). The results obtained reveal that only 2-t-butylphenol and 2-isopropylphenol are specific agonists. Interestingly, some compounds showed potentiated antagonistic effects when tested in combination with T3, which suggests that TR-mediated transcription may be disrupted in vivo. The 20% relative inhibitory concentration (RIC20) values of phenols, ester and OCPs were more than 10−7 mol/L, but the values for PHAHs with metabolization were lower than 5 × 10∼7 g/L. These results suggest that PHAHs pose a serious threat to the human thyroid system. Altogether the results of the present study show that the newly developed, yeast two-hybrid assay can be used as a valuable tool for identification and quantification of compounds active in disturbing thyroid hormone homeostasis at the level of TR. The results are further evidence of thyroid-related effects of environmentally relevant PHAHs.
Seasonal variations of estrogenic compounds and their estrogenicities in influent and effluent from a municipal sewage treatment plant in China
Authors: Jin Shiwei , Yang Fangxing , Liao Tao , Hui Yang , Xu Ying 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe seasonal variations of estrogenic compounds and the estrogenicities of influent and effluent were investigated by chemical analysis and in vitro assay in a municipal sewage treatment plant in Wuhan (China). The levels of eight estrogenic compounds, including 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), estriol (E3), diethylstilbestrol (DES), 17α-ethinylestradiol, nonylphenol (NP), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), and bisphenol A (BPA), were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Total estrogenic activity of sewage was quantitatively assessed using primary cultured hepatocytes of male Megalobrama amblycephala Yih using vitellogenin as a biomarker. The E2 equivalents (EEQs) obtained from the chemical analysis were consistent with those measured by bioassay. The natural (E1, E2, and E3) and synthetic (DES) estrogens, as well as NP, were the main contributors of the total EEQs of influent and effluent in the present study. The levels of natural estrogens E1 and E3 in the influent and effluent were higher in winter than in summer, whereas the situation for NP and OP was the reverse. The levels of E2, DES, and BPA varied little among different seasons. 17α-Ethinylestradiol was not detected in the influent and effluent. The estrogenicities of the influent and of the primary and secondary effluents were all higher in summer than in winter. Estrogenic activities in winter mainly originated from natural (E1, E2, and E3) and synthetic (DES) estrogens, whereas the increase of EEQs in summer was contributed by NP. The results from chemical analysis and bioassay demonstrate that estrogenic compounds cannot be entirely removed by the existing sewage treatment process, which should be further improved to protect aquatic ecosystems and human health.
Oxidative damage in unfertilized eggs of Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) exposed to nonylphenol
Authors: Zhang Xian , Yang Fangxing , Cai Ya Q , Xu Ying 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In the present study, female Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) were used as in vivo models and exposed to nonylphenol (NP) at concentrations of 1 to 200 μg/L for 21 d under semistatic conditions. Molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured in unfertilized eggs and included reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation products (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances [TBARS] and protein carbonyl), superoxide dismutase activity, and glutathione. Cathepsin D activity as an indicator of egg viability also was assayed. Nonylphenol induced ROS formation in unfertilized eggs in all exposed groups compared to the controls. The levels of protein carbonyl and TBARS in unfertilized eggs were significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) at 10 to 200 and 100 to 200 μg/L, respectively. Good positive correlations were shown between ROS induction and levels of TBARS and protein carbonyl in eggs (R = 0.918, p &lt; 0.05 and R = 0.784, p &lt; 0.05, respectively). Superoxide dismutase activity in eggs was significantly inhibited (p &lt; 0.05) in the 50 to 200 μg/L exposure groups. Glutathione levels in eggs were significantly depleted (p &lt; 0.05) at 100 to 200 μg/L concentrations. In addition, ROS induction resulted in oxidative damage to lipid and protein in chorions. Significant reductions (p &lt; 0.05) of the protein and lipid contents in chorions were both found in the 50 to 200 μg/L exposure groups. A previous study found that NP exposure could lead to chorion thinning in zebra fish. Thus, the reductions in protein and lipid contents in chorion could be the reason for chorion thinning by NP exposure. Meanwhile, cathepsin D activity was significantly inhibited (p &lt; 0.05) in all exposure groups. The results demonstrated that NP-induced oxidative stress could damage the chorion of unfertilized eggs and lead to a decline in gamete quality in female Chinese rare minnow.