bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Skindex‐Teen and the Skindex‐29 quality of life survey instruments in a predominantly American Indian adolescent population
Authors: Pascual Micah G. , Schmiege Sarah J. , Manson Spero M. , Kohn Lucinda L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe Skindex‐29 and Skindex‐Teen assess dermatology‐related quality of life among adults and adolescents, respectively. This study directly compared the same adolescents' responses to the Skindex‐29 relative to Skindex‐Teen in a predominantly American Indian and/or Alaska Native population. This population is underrepresented in medical research. Although skin‐related quality‐of‐life issues are widespread, American Indian and/or Alaska Native adolescents are not well‐represented in related studies.MethodsData were collected in‐person by self‐report survey at two regional powwows in Denver, Colorado in 2021 and 2022. Respondents completed the full Skindex‐29 and Skindex‐Teen (40 unique items total).ResultsEighty‐six adolescents, 12–17 years old, completed the survey. The majority (70.9%, 61/86) of respondents self‐identified as American Indian and/or Alaska Native. Analyses were conducted with all respondent survey data. Nearly two‐thirds (64.0%, 55/86) of our respondents had a Skindex‐29 score that revealed their quality of life was impaired at least mildly by skin disease. The Skindex‐29 and Skindex‐Teen demonstrated good reliability; there was substantial concordance between responses to the two measures (r values ranged from 0.88 to 0.97 for similar subscales). Compared to younger adolescents (aged 12–14), older adolescents (aged 15–17) reported worse dermatology‐related quality of life and emotional toll based on higher Skindex‐29 total, Skindex‐Teen total, Skindex‐29 Emotional subscale, and Skindex‐Teen Psychosocial Functioning subscale scores.ConclusionsAmerican Indian and/or Alaska Native adolescents suffer from skin‐related quality‐of‐life issues. The Skindex‐Teen and Skindex‐29 generated similar information regarding quality of life in young patients with skin disease. While the Skindex‐Teen may be slightly more relevant to adolescents, these surveys were highly concordant. Both the Skindex‐Teen and Skindex‐29 exhibited frequent “never” responses to questions about impact of skin conditions on relationships with others and tendencies to stay home. Thus, careful attention should be paid to such questions to ensure their relevance to adolescents.
Community testing practices for autism within the autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network
Authors: Robinson Williams Ashley , Amoakohene Esther , Maenner Matthew J. , Zahorodny Walter , DiRienzo Monica , Grzybowski Andrea , Hall‐Lande Jennifer , Pas Elise T. , Bakian Amanda V. , Lopez Maya , Patrick Mary , Shenouda Josephine , Shaw Kelly A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundNo data exist at the population level on what tests are used to aid in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in community practice.ObjectivesTo describe autism spectrum disorder testing practices to inform autism spectrum disorder identification efforts.MethodsData are from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, a multi‐site surveillance system reporting prevalence estimates and characteristics of 8‐year‐old children with autism spectrum disorder. Percentages of children with autism spectrum disorder who received any autism spectrum disorder test or a ‘gold standard’ test were calculated by site, sex, race, median household income, and intellectual ability status. Risk ratios were calculated to compare group differences.ResultsOf 5058 8‐year‐old children with autism spectrum disorder across 11 sites, 3236 (64.0%) had a record of any autism spectrum disorder test and 2136 (42.2%) had a ‘gold standard’ ADOS or ADI‐R test. Overall, 115 children (2.3%) had both the ADOS and ADI‐R in their records. Differences persisted across race, median household income, and intellectual ability status. Asian/Pacific Islander children had the highest percent receiving any ASD test (71.8%; other groups range: 57.4–66.0%) and White children had the highest percent receiving ‘gold standard’ tests (46.4%; other groups range: 35.6–43.2%). Children in low‐income neighbourhoods had a lower percent of any test (62.5%) and ‘gold standard’ tests (39.4%) compared to medium (70.2% and 47.5%, respectively) and high (69.6% and 46.8%, respectively) income neighbourhoods. Children with intellectual disability had a lower percent of any ASD test (81.7%) and ‘gold standard’ tests (52.6%) compared to children without intellectual disability (84.0% and 57.6%, respectively).ConclusionsAutism spectrum disorder testing practices vary widely by site and differ by race and presence of co‐occurring intellectual disability, suggesting opportunities to standardise and/or improve autism spectrum disorder identification practices.
Automated, administrative decision‐making and good governance: Synergies, trade‐offs, and limits
Authors: Roehl Ulrik B. U. , Hansen Morten Balle 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAutomated, administrative decision‐making (AADM) is a key component in digital government reforms. It represents an aspiration for a better and more efficient administration but also presents challenges to values of public administration. We systematically review the emerging literature on use of AADM from the perspective of good governance. Recognizing the inherent tensions of values of public administration, the broad review identifies key synergies, trade‐offs, and limits of AADM and good governance associated with nine values: Accountability, efficiency, equality, fairness, resilience, responsiveness, right‐to‐privacy, rule‐of‐law, and transparency. While synergies represent “low‐hanging fruits”, trade‐offs and limits are “hard cases” representing challenges to good governance. Taking the specific decision‐making context into account, practitioners and scholars should attempt to nurture the “fruits” and lessen the tensions of the “hard‐cases” thereby increasing the desirable societal outcomes of use of AADM.
Explaining the longitudinal dynamics of international collaboration in disaster recovery: Friends, partners, or foes?
Authors: Kolpakov Aleksey , Sapat Alka , Esnard Ann‐Margaret 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite a concerted scholarly focus on collaborative management, there is scant research on the evolution of collaboration in international assistance networks. Questions remain on what explains the evolution of collaborative relationships in international assistance collaborative networks, and on the importance of trust, faith‐based status, and geographical homophily in predicting the development of international assistance collaborative networks over time. Similarly, how do organizations from different sectors collaborate over time in international assistance collaborative networks? To address these questions, we analyze the nature and evolution of collaboration between international and local non‐governmental organizations (NGOs), faith‐based organizations (FBOs), and other organizations providing disaster recovery assistance before and after the 2010 Haiti earthquake in three time periods: before 2010, 2010–2012, and 2012–2015. Employing descriptive and inferential network methods, we find that knowledge‐based trust, geographical homophily, and the faith‐based status of organizations predict the development of collaborative relations in different periods of time.
Trade and labor market segregation in Colombia
Authors: Ederington Josh , Minier Jenny , Troske Kenneth R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGary Becker's theory of discrimination argues that increasing competition will reduce discrimination by reallocating market share to less discriminatory firms. We develop a simple model in which increased competition can also affect discrimination by affecting firm‐level hiring decisions. We use the 1984–1991 Colombian trade liberalization episode and plant‐level data to investigate this claim. We find that plants in industries that faced the greatest reductions in tariff protection increased the female share of their workforce more than plants in industries that saw little or no reduction in tariffs. In addition, we find that exporting plants tended to employ a higher share of female workers than non‐exporters did. In contrast, we find little evidence that trade liberalization drove discriminating plants from the market.
Root response and phosphorus acquisition under partial distribution of phosphorus and water‐soluble organic matter
Authors: Takahashi Yutaro , Katoh Masahiko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how phosphorus and water‐soluble organic matter (WSOM) from animal manure compost contribute to root development is essential for enhancing phosphorus utilization efficiency under their combined application. This study aims to determine mechanisms underlying root responses and phosphorus acquisition based on the partially varying available phosphorus levels in root zone soil following WSOM. The plant growth test was performed using a specifically designed pot where the root elongation was guided into the soil of different root compartments with either phosphorus combined with WSOM or single phosphorus or WSOM. The results revealed high levels of available phosphorus in the root zone soil of individual plants in the presence of WSOM induced small root weight. Phosphorus concentrations in the root exhibited a negative correlation with root weight. Improved root structure development even in the presence of WSOM induced to increase uptake of phosphorus and other nutrients in the plant. Furthermore, a positive linear relationship was observed between nutrient uptake and aboveground dry weight. These findings provide pioneering experimental evidence demonstrating that root development varies to some extent depending on the level of available phosphorus induced by the combined application of phosphorus and WSOM, even within the root zone soil of individual plants. Given that plant growth varied based on partial root development even when phosphorus and WSOM were combined, this study suggests that implementing appropriate phosphorus fertilizer application while considering the augmented availability of phosphorus via the combined application of animal manure compost can promote root development and nutrient uptake, resulting in improved plant growth.
Rh immune globulin immunoprophylaxis after RhD‐positive red cell exposure in RhD‐negative patients via transfusion: A survey of practices
Authors: Lu Wen , Stephens Laura , Shmookler Aaron , O'Brien Kerry , Karp Julie Katz , Hermelin Daniela , Bakhtary Sara , Almozain Nour , George Melissa , Fung Mark 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundCurrent Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies (AABB) standards require transfusion services to have a policy on Rh immune globulin (RhIG) immunoprophylaxis for when RhD‐negative patients are exposed to RhD‐positive red cells. This is a survey of AABB‐accredited transfusion services in the United States (US) regarding institutional policies and practices on RhIG immunoprophylaxis after RhD‐negative patients receive RhD‐positive (i.e., RhD‐incompatible) packed red blood cell (pRBC) and platelet transfusions.ResultsApproximately half of the respondents (50.4%, 116/230) have policies on RhIG administration after RhD‐incompatible pRBC and platelet transfusions, while others had policies for only pRBC (13.5%, 31/230) or only platelet (17.8%, 41/230) transfusions, but not both. In contrast, 18.3% (42/230) report that their institution has no written policies on RhIG immunoprophylaxis after RhD‐incompatible transfusions. Most institutions (70.2%, 99/141) do not have policies addressing safety parameters to mitigate the risk of hemolysis associated with the high dose of RhIG required to prevent RhD alloimmunization after RhD‐incompatible pRBC transfusions.DiscussionWith approximately half of US AABB‐accredited institutions report having policies on RhIG immunoprophylaxis after both RhD‐incompatible pRBC and platelet transfusions, some institutions may not be in compliance with AABB standards. Further, most with policies on RhIG immunoprophylaxis after RhD‐incompatible pRBC transfusion do not have written safeguards to mitigate the risk of hemolysis associated with the high dose of RhIG required.ConclusionThis survey underscores the diverse and inadequate institutional policies on RhIG immunoprophylaxis after RhD exposure in Rh‐negative patients via transfusion. This observation identifies an opportunity to improve transfusion safety.
The jaguar and the hummingbird: Photo‐ethnography of the walls in Comuna 13 of Medellin
Authors: Riga Claudio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a study conducted in Comuna 13 of Medellín. The author delves into the history of Comuna 13 by giving voice to five images painted on public walls. Through these images, readers are provided with a deeper understanding of the neighborhood's history, collective memory, communal processes, changes, adaptations, and the political, economic, social, and cultural implications, including conflicts, disputes, and areas of ambiguity. Subsequently, the author analyzes the impact of those images on the daily lives of residents. By combining images and text, this paper aims to contribute to the field of graphic anthropology.
A NOVEL ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF MERKEL EQUATION FOR COUNTERFLOW COOLING TOWERS
Authors: Senawi Mohd. Yusoff 
Published: March 2024

Accurate performance analysis of direct-contact air-water counterflow cooling towers is important in practice for energy conservation and cost savings purposes. In general, accurate analysis can often be made using Merkel’s theory. However, a simple and accurate analytical solution of the Merkel equation is not yet available. In this paper, a novel and accurate analytical solution is presented, obtained from direct integration of the Merkel equation. The new method gives excellent agreement when compared with the use of standard Merkel’s method when predicting the outlet water temperatures with maximum root-mean-square error of 0.2% for a practical range of operating conditions. The new method also predicts the outlet water temperatures for four experimental cooling towers with maximum root-mean-square error of 0.8%. A limited validation shows that the method is also applicable to performance analysis of an actual crossflow cooling tower. The new method is a valuable addition to the existing methods of solving the Merkel equation.
Pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and nitric oxide after COVID‐19: A prospective cohort study (the SECURe study)
Authors: Lytzen Anna Agnes , Helt Thora Wesenberg , Christensen Jan , Lund Thomas Kromann , Kalhauge Anna , Rönsholt Frederikke Falkencrone , Podlekavera Daria , Arndal Elisabeth , Lebech Anne‐Mette , Hanel Birgitte , Katzenstein Terese L. , Berg Ronan M. G. , Mortensen Jann 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany patients exhibit persistently reduced pulmonary diffusing capacity after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). In this study, dual test gas diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and nitric oxide (DL,CO,NO) metrics and their relationship to disease severity and physical performance were examined in patients who previously had COVID‐19. An initial cohort of 148 patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 of all severities between March 2020 and March 2021 had a DL,CO,NO measurement performed using the single‐breath method at 5.7 months follow‐up. All patients with at least one abnormal DL,CO,NO metric (n = 87) were revaluated at 12.5 months follow‐up. The DL,CO,NO was used to provide the pulmonary diffusing capacity for nitric oxide (DL,NO), the pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DL,CO,5s), the alveolar–capillary membrane diffusing capacity and the pulmonary capillary blood volume. At both 5.7 and 12.5 months, physical performance was assessed using a 30 s sit‐to‐stand test and the 6 min walk test. Approximately 60% of patients exhibited a severity‐dependent decline in at least one DL,CO,NO metric at 5.7 months follow‐up. At 12.5 months, both DL,NO and DL,CO,5s had returned towards normal but still remained abnormal in two‐thirds of the patients. Concurrently, improvements in physical performance were observed, but with no apparent relationship to any DL,CO,NO metric. The severity‐dependent decline in DL,NO and DL,CO observed at 5.7 months after COVID‐19 appears to be reduced consistently at 12.5 months follow‐up in the majority of patients, despite marked improvements in physical performance.
Bubble Interaction and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Microchannel Flow Boiling With Single and Multiple Cavities
Authors: Priy Akash , Ahmad Israr , Khan Mohd. Kaleem , Pathak Manabendra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Flow boiling in microchannels can effectively address the challenges of high power density heat dissipation in electronic devices. However, the intricate bubble dynamics during the two-phase flow in microchannel necessitates understanding the characteristics of complex bubble hydrodynamics. In this study, we perform 2D numerical simulations of flow boiling using the Cahn-Hilliard phase-field method for a 200-µm width microchannel with single and multiple cavities in COMSOL Multiphysics (V5.3). The numerical model successfully captures bubble dynamics, encompassing vapor embryo generation, bubble growth, departure, coalescence, sliding, and stable vapor plug formation. The heat transfer mechanism inside the microchannel is dominated by bubble nucleation and thin-film evaporation. Elevated wall superheats in a single nucleation cavity, and increased mass flux facilitates higher bubble departure frequency and heat transfer performance. Temporal pressure fluctuations are observed inside microchannels in multiple cavities due to bubble coalescence, departure, and subsequent nucleation. Increasing the nucleating cavities from 2 to 5 within the microchannel while maintaining consistent cavity spacing of 100 µm has resulted in nearly 32% enhancement in heat transfer performance. This study offers valuable findings that can help improve the thermal management of electronic devices.
Pre- Versus Postmeal Sedentary Duration—Impact on Postprandial Glucose in Older Adults With Overweight or Obesity
Authors: Chun Elizabeth , Gaynanova Irina , Melanson Edward L. , Lyden Kate 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Reducing sedentary time is associated with improved postprandial glucose regulation. However, it is not known if the timing of sedentary behavior (i.e., pre- vs. postmeal) differentially impacts postprandial glucose in older adults with overweight or obesity. Methods: In this secondary analysis, older adults (≥65 years) with overweight and obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) wore a continuous glucose monitor and a sedentary behavior monitor continuously in their real-world environments for four consecutive days on four separate occasions. Throughout each 4-day measurement period, participants followed a standardized eucaloric diet and recorded mealtimes in a diary. Glucose, sedentary behavior, and meal intake data were fused using sensor and diary timestamps. Mixed-effect linear regression models were used to evaluate the impact of sedentary timing relative to meal intake. Results: Premeal sedentary time was significantly associated with both the increase from premeal glucose to the postmeal peak (ΔG) and the percent of premeal glucose increase that was recovered 1-hr postmeal glucose peak (%Baseline Recovery; p < .05), with higher levels of premeal sedentary time leading to both a larger ΔG and a smaller %Baseline Recovery. Postmeal sedentary time was significantly associated with the time from meal intake to glucose peak (ΔT; p < .05), with higher levels of postmeal sedentary time leading to a longer time to peak. Conclusions: Pre- versus postmeal sedentary behavior differentially impacts postprandial glucose response in older adults with overweight or obesity, suggesting that the timing of sedentary behavior reductions might play an influential role on long-term glycemic control.
Normative Reference Centiles for Sprint Performance in High-Level Youth Soccer Players: The Need to Consider Biological Maturity
Authors: Ruf Ludwig , Altmann Stefan , Kloss Christian , Härtel Sascha 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: To compute reference centiles for 5- and 30-m sprint times relative to chronological and skeletal age in youth soccer players. Subsequently, to compare individual’s sprint performance scores derived from the chronological and skeletal age reference centiles. Methods: Sprint times were collected for a sample of male U11 to U19 soccer players (n = 1745 data points). Skeletal age data were available for a subsample (n = 776 data points). Reference centiles were fitted using generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape. Individual z scores relative to chronological and skeletal age reference centiles were computed and compared for each maturity group (late, on-time, early, and very early) using standardized mean differences (SMD). Results: Reference centiles for chronological age increased more rapidly between 10.5 and 15.5 years, while reference centiles for skeletal age increased more rapidly between 13.0 and 16.5 years. Differences in chronological and skeletal z scores for very early (SMD: −0.73 to −0.43) and late (SMD: 0.58 to 1.29) maturing players were small to large, while differences for early (SMD: −0.30 to −0.19) and on-time (SMD: 0.16 to 0.28) were trivial to small. Conclusion: Reference centiles provide a valuable tool to assist the evaluation of sprint performance in relation to chronological and skeletal age for talent identification purposes in youth soccer players.
Exploring the links between SOS response, mutagenesis, and resistance during the recovery period
Authors: Ghosh Sreyashi , Orman Mehmet A. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Although the mechanistic connections between SOS-induced mutagenesis and antibiotic resistance are well established, our current understanding of the impact of SOS response levels, recovery durations, and transcription/translation activities on mutagenesis remains relatively limited. In this study, when bacterial cells were exposed to mutagens like ultraviolet light for defined time intervals, a compelling connection between the rate of mutagenesis and the RecA-mediated SOS response levels became evident. Our observations also indicate that mutagenesis primarily occurs during the subsequent recovery phase following the removal of the mutagenic agent. When transcription/translation was inhibited or energy molecules were depleted at the onset of treatment or during the early recovery phase, there was a noticeable decrease in SOS response activation and mutagenesis. However, targeting these processes later in the recovery phase does not have the same effect in reducing mutagenesis, suggesting that the timing of inhibiting transcription/translation or depleting energy molecules is crucial for their efficacy in reducing mutagenesis. Active transcription, translation, and energy availability within the framework of SOS response and DNA repair mechanisms appear to be conserved attributes, supported by their consistent manifestation across diverse conditions, including the use of distinct mutagens such as fluoroquinolones and various bacterial strains.