bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of foam density on the properties of water blown rigid polyurethane foam
Authors: Thirumal M. , Khastgir Dipak , Singha Nikhil K. , Manjunath B. S. , Naik Y. P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDensity is an important parameter that influences the properties and performances of rigid polyurethane foam (PUF). Rigid PUF with different densities were prepared by varying the amount of distilled water as blowing agent. This investigation reports the mechanical, morphological, water absorption, thermal conductivity, and thermal behavior of rigid PUF varying with the density, which controls the foam architecture. The density of the PUF decreased from 116 to 42 kg/m3 with an increase in the amount of water from 0.1 to 3.0 parts per hundred polyol by weight (phr), respectively. It was found that the mechanical properties of the PUFs changed with the foam density. The results of water absorption of the PUFs showed that water absorption increased with decrease in density, due to increase in the cell size and decrease in the cell‐wall thickness. The thermal conductivity measurements showed that the thermal conductivity decreased with increase in density. It was due to the decrease in cell size. The thermal analysis of the PUFs shows that the glass transition temperature increases with the decrease in foam density, but the thermal stability decreases with the decrease in foam density. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Biodegradable polyetheresteramides synthesized from ϵ‐caprolactone, 6‐aminocaproic acid, and poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: He Yi , Liu Xiaobo , Luo Daowen , Chen Wenjing 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBiodegradable aliphatic polyetheresteramides copolymers (PEEAs) were synthesized from ϵ‐caprolactone, 6‐aminocaproic acid, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) by melt‐polycondensation method. FTIR, 1H NMR, differential scanning calorimeter, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetry were used to characterize the PEEAs. The tensile testing, water absorption and hydrolytic degradation behavior were also studied. With the increase in PEG content, the water absorption increased. The rate of hydrolytic degradation depended on the copolymers' hydrophilicity and crystallinity. PEEAs with a relatively low content of PEG still retain good tensile properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Real‐time morphological observation of isotactic polypropylene and poly(ethylene‐co‐octene) rubber blend during temperature change
Authors: Ono Michio , Nakajima Ken , Misawa Mayumi , Nishi Toshio 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn the injection‐ and compression‐molded specimens composed of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and poly(ethylene‐co‐octene) rubber (EOR) blend, its morphological changes with temperature variation were investigated using an atomic force microscopy equipped with a heater accessory. Phase‐separated sea‐island structures comprising the iPP matrix (sea) and the EOR domains (island) were clearly observed in both specimens. In the injection‐molded specimen, the morphology of the EOR domains was fibrous along flow direction (FD). In the iPP matrix, a stripe‐like structure consisting of alternating iPP crystalline lamellae and amorphous region was clearly observed at room temperature. As increasing temperatures, the iPP amorphous regions seemed to shrink gradually and could not be identified at 80°C. By contrast, in the compression‐molded specimen, the EOR domains were circular in shape, and the alternate structure comprising the iPP crystal lamellae and amorphous regions was also found. At elevated temperatures, the iPP amorphous regions gradually enlarged. The analysis of the apparent activation energy obtained by a dynamic mechanical thermal analysis revealed that the differences in the morphological behavior in the iPP matrix region between the both specimens were attributed to the differences in the mobility in the iPP crystal regions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synthesis of polysiloxane–polyester copolymer by lipase‐catalyzed polycondensation
Authors: Guo Li , Zhang Zhijie , Zhu Yangping , Li Junping , Xie Zemin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPolysiloxane–polyester copolymers have been synthesized for the first time by direct polycondensation of a series of diacids (butanedioic, hexanedioic, and octanedioic acid) and α,ω‐bis(3‐hydroxypropyl) polydimethylsiloxanes catalyzed with Novozyme‐435 in high yields (>90%) without the cleavage of SiO bonds. The effects of monomer chain length, reaction temperature, and water removal method on the number–average molecular weight (Mn) of the resulted copolymers were investigated. Thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses indicated that the produced copolymer was more thermally stable than poly(1,8‐octyladipate) and the Tg was lowered to −111°C. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Effect of addition of surfactants on the rheology of gels from methylcellulose in N,N‐dimethylformamide
Authors: Kundu Patit P. , Singh Ratan Pal 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe effect of highly substituted cationic cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), less substituted cationic hexadodecyl ammonium bromide (HDAB), CTAB‐ and HDAB‐modified montmorillonite (CTABMONT and HDABMONT), and nonionic surfactants on the rheological properties of methylcellulose (MC) N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) gels have been studied. The storage modulus of the MC‐MDF gels increases with an increase in frequency. During the frequency scan, the storage and loss modulus of MC‐DMF gel crosses over each other at two different frequencies. At the crossover points, the loss tangent is found to be unity. The addition of CTAB‐ and HDAB‐modified nanofiller increases in the gel strength of MC‐DMF gel. The storage modulus of MC‐DMF gel in the presence of CTABMONT is found to be higher than that of CTAB‐modified MC‐DMF gel. Whereas, the storage modulus of MC‐DMF gel in the presence of HDABMONT is lower than that of HDAB‐modified MC‐DMF gel. On the other hand, the addition of nonionic surfactant (Brij78) decreases the gel strength. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Electrodeposition of high quality and freestanding poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐thiophene) films with good fluorescence properties
Authors: Wang Xingcong , Chen Bing , Xu Jingkun , Zhou Weiqiang , Pu Shouzhi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe copolymerization of 9,9‐dioctylfluorene (DOF) and thiophene (Th) was successfully achieved by direct anodic oxidation of monomer mixtures on platinum or stainless steel electrodes in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) containing additional 20% diethyl ether (by volume). The incorporation of Th units can produce high quality and freestanding poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐thiophene) [poly(Th‐co‐DOF)] films with tunable fluorescence properties. As‐formed copolymers were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, infrared, UV–visible, fluorescence spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. Copolymers films showed good electrochemical behavior and thermal stability. Fluorescence spectral studies indicated that the copolymer films have strong emissions from 390 to 500 nm, making them good candidates for application as blue–green light‐emitting materials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Aging Effects on the Mongolian Gerbil Female Prostate (Skene's Paraurethral Glands): Structural, Ultrastructural, Quantitative, and Hormonal Evaluations
Authors: Custodio Ana Maria G. , Santos Fernanda C.A. , Campos Silvana G.P. , Vilamaior Patricia S.L. , Góes Rejane M. , Taboga SebastiãO R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDifferent from the classic view, the prostate is not a gland exclusive to the male, also being an organ of the female genital system presenting morphofunctional similarity between human and rodent. Thus structural, ultrastructural, morphometric‐stereological features of the female prostate (Skene's paraurethral gland) and steroid serological levels were evaluated during young, adult, and senile ages in the Mongolian gerbil. The morphofunctional precocity of the female gland in comparison with the male gland occurring in young gland is probably associated with the female circulating steroid levels. The hormonal imbalance in senesce coincides with its susceptibility to histopathological lesions, such as epithelial hypertrophy, metaplasia, and intraepithelial neoplasia. Differently than that of males, the aging degeneration of the female gland involves the accumulation of lipofuscin granules. However, the alterations in senile prostate did not damage its functionality. These analyses reinforce the use of this experimental model for the comprehension of glandular morphofunctional aspects with special attention to senescence. Thus, the appreciation of this organ becomes relevant to avoid future discomfort to women's health. Anat Rec, 291:463–474, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epithelial Cell Rests of Malassez and OX6‐Immunopositive Cells in the Periodontal Ligament of Rat Molars: A Light and Transmission Electron Microscope Study
Authors: Tadokoro Osamu , Radunovic Vaska , Inoue Katsuhiro 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIt has been shown that human and cat epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM) consist of heterogeneous cell populations. Immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic analyses have verified the presence of neuroendocrine and Merkel‐like cells in both of these epithelia. During experimental orthodontic tooth movement, immunocompetent cells have also been found in the vicinity of ERM in rat periodontal ligament (PDL), but have not been characterized in normal rat PDL. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and distribution of MHC class II antigen presenting cells by using OX6 antibody in ERM of rat molars by light and transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic observations of rat maxillary molars confirmed the presence of OX6‐positive cells in contact with ERM. Some immunopositive cytoplasmic processes containing vesicles interdigitated with cells of the Malassez epithelial clusters. Based on these findings it can be concluded that immunocompetent cells are localized close to Malassez epithelial clusters in normal rat PDL. Furthermore, the ultrastructural evidences indicate a possible interaction between the epithelial and immunocompent cells and suggest morphological and functional properties for ERM. Anat Rec, 291:242–253, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Final kissing balloon inflation by classic crush stenting did not improve the clinical outcomes for the treatment of unprotected left main bifurcation lesions: The importance of double‐kissing crush technique
Authors: Chen Shaoliang , Zhang Junjie , Ye Fei , Chen Yundai , Fang Weiyi , Wei Meng , He Ben , Sun Xuewen , Yang Song , Kwan Tak W. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackground:The mechanisms contributing to final kissing balloon inflation between classic crush and double‐kissing (DK) crush stenting techniques for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions contrast. The authors compared the clinical outcomes in patients with unprotected distal left main bifurcation lesions treated by classic crush or DK crush stenting techniques.Methods:Thirty‐seven patients with unprotected left main bifurcation lesions were selected (20 in classic crush, 17 in DK crush groups) from a prospective, multicenter, randomized DKCRUSH‐1 BIFURCATION STUDY. Clinical and angiographic data were analyzed.Results:Follow‐up was available for all patients. There were significant differences of the bifurcation angle between the classic and the DK crush group (83.28 ± 20.69)0 vs. (67.71 ± 26.35)0, P = 0.02). Unsatisfactory kissing rate in the classic group was significantly higher (26.32% vs. 5.88%, P = 0.01). The acute gain in the side branch was greater in the DK crush stent group (1.48 ± 0.50 mm vs. 1.36 ± 0.55 mm, P = 0.03). The accumulative restenosis rate in the main vessel segments, side branch, and accumulative MACE were higher in the classic group than the DK crush group (13.39% vs. 5.12%, P = 0.058, 42.10% vs. 5.88%, P = 0.01, 42.10% vs. 5.82%, P = 0.001, respectively). By logistic regression, acute gain in side branch immediately after PCI, bifurcation angle and unsatisfactory kissing were three independent factors of TLR at 8‐month follow‐up.Conclusion:Classic crush stenting with final kissing balloon inflations did not improve the clinical outcomes for the treatment of left main bifurcation lesion when compared with DK crush stenting technique. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Understanding Lead Chemistry from Topological Insights: The Transition between Holo‐ and Hemidirected Structures within the [Pb(CO)n]2+ Model Series
Authors: Gourlaouen Christophe , Gérard Hélène , Piquemal Jean‐Philip , Parisel Olivier 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this Contribution, we focus to the currently unknown [Pb(CO)n]2+ model series (n=1 to 10), a set of compounds which allows us to investigate in‐depth the holo‐ and hemidirectional character that lead complexes can exhibit. By means of DFT computations performed using either relativistic four‐component formalisms coupled to all‐electron basis sets for [Pb(CO)]2+, [Pb(OC)]2+ and [Pb(CO)2]2+, or scalar relativistic pseudopotentials for higher n values, the structure and the energetics of these species are investigated. The results are complemented by Constrained Space Orbital Variations (CSOV) and Electron Localization Function (ELF) comprehensive analyses in order to get better insights into the poorly documented chemical fundamentals of the Pb2+ cation. Whereas the discrimination between holo‐ and hemidirected structures is usually done according to the geometry, we here provide a quantitative indicator grounded on 〈ρ〉V(Pb), the mean charge density of the valence monosynaptic V(Pb) ELFic basin associated to the metal cation. Free‐enthalpy relying discussions show, moreover, that those gas‐phase complexes having n=7, 8 or 9 may be experimentally instable and should dissociate into [Pb(CO)6]2+ and a number of CO ligands. According to second‐order differences in energy, it is anticipated that the n=3 or 6 structures should be the most probable structures in the gas phase. Gathering all data from the present theoretical study allows us to propose some concepts that the versatile structural chemistry of Pb2+ complexes could rely on.
Wall laws for fluid flows at a boundary with random roughness
Authors: Basson Arnaud , Gérard‐Varet David 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe general concern of this paper is the effect of rough boundaries on fluids. We consider a stationary flow, governed by incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations, in an infinite domain bounded by two horizontal rough plates. The roughness is modeled by a spatially homogeneous random field, with characteristic size ε. A mathematical analysis of the flow for small ε is performed. The Navier's wall law is rigorously deduced from this analysis. This substantially extends former results obtained in the case of periodic roughness, notably in [16, 17]. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid
Authors: Wu Howard Her‐Juing , Clouse Jolene , Ren Rulong 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSpecific criteria for the diagnosis of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of Hürthle Cell Carcinoma (HCC) have rarely been discussed in the literature. A retrospective review of 35 FNA cases with the diagnosis of Hürthle cell lesion or Hürthle cell neoplasm was performed. In each case, there was a subsequent surgical excision. The FNA specimens were divided according to histologic diagnoses as HCC (12 cases), Hürthle cell adenoma (HCA) (14 cases), and benign nonneoplastic Hürthle cell lesions (BNHCL) (9 cases). Each case was examined using a semiquantitative scoring system for the following 11 features: presence or absence of colloid, lymphocytes, and transgressed blood vessels (each scored 0 or 1); the percentage of nuclear enlargement, small cell dysplasia, large cell dysplasia, nuclear crowding, and cellular dyshesion (each scored 0–3); and age, gender, and size of lesion. When diagnosed by FNA as either Hürthle cell neoplasm or Hürthle cell lesion, males were much more likely to have malignant tumors than females. Statistically significant cytologic features that favored malignant (HCC) over benign lesions (HCA and BNHCL) included small cell dysplasia, large cell dysplasia, nuclear crowding, and cellular dyshesion. The presence of colloid and lymphocytes favored a benign lesion. Nuclear enlargement and large tumor size are significantly more common in neoplasms than BNHCL. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:149–154. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary mesothelioma in bronchioalveolar lavage: A case report
Authors: Akinfolarin Josephine , Black Andrea , Al‐Abbadi Mousa 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMesothelioma is a neoplasm arising from the mesothelial cells lining the body serosal surfaces. The frequent primary sites include the pleura followed by the peritoneum and rarely the pericardium. Pleural mesothelioma encases the lung and fills the pleural space, which limits the lungs' ability to expand. The initial diagnosis requires the presence of characteristic clinical, radiological, and pathological features. A thorough review of the English language literature found no reports where a diagnosis of mesothelioma was made on material originating from bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL). We report a case of lung parenchymal involvement by mesothelioma shedding cells in BAL specimen. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:190–192. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytological features of Cherubism
Authors: Jing Xin , Pu Robert T. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCherubism is a rare benign, non‐neoplastic condition characterized by facial alteration due to symmetrically expansion of bilateral mandibles and maxillas. A fine‐needle aspiration of a right cheek mass was performed in a 17‐year‐old teenager who was previously diagnosed Cherubism. The smears showed moderate cellularity with spindle cells mixed with multinucleated giant cells of osteoclast type. The cells appeared bland with normal nuclear/cytoplasm ratio. The nuclei were round or oval with smooth nuclear membranes and fine, evenly distributed chromatin. These cytologic features were considered consistent with but not diagnostic of Cherubism. Clinical correlations are needed in distinguishing Cherubism from other lesions containing giant cells. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:188–189. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of subcutaneous cysticercosis
Authors: Handa Uma , Garg Shailja , Mohan Harsh 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHuman cysticercosis commonly manifests as subcutaneous and intramuscular nodules. The current study highlights the role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of subcutaneous cysticercosis. One hundred and twenty two patients with subcutaneous swellings, diagnosed as cysticercus or suspicious of parasitic inflammation on FNAC, were included in the present study. The relevant clinical data, cytomorphological findings, and histopathological findings, wherever available were evaluated. In 57 cases, a definite evidence of cysticercus was obtained in the form of fragments of parasite bladder wall, hooklets, or intact larva. Out of these, biopsy correlation was available in 10 cases, eight of which failed to reveal any parasite. In 65 cases, larval fragments could not be identified on aspirates, and the diagnosis of parasitic inflammation was suggested on the basis of other cytomorphological findings, which are discussed. In 22 of these cases, a biopsy correlation was available, which revealed definite parasitic elements in six cases and the remaining 16 cases were reported as suggestive of parasitic cysts. Thus, to conclude, FNAC is a reliable and cost effective procedure for the diagnosis of subcutaneous parasitic nodules. It obviates the need for a subsequent histopathological examination, as the parasite may not be demonstrated even on biopsy specimens. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:183–187. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recent Developments in Microwave‐Assisted, Transition‐Metal‐Catalysed C–C and C–N Bond‐Forming Reactions
Authors: Appukkuttan Prasad , Van der Eycken Erik 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA selective overview of the recent developments of microwave‐assisted, transition‐metal‐catalysed C–C and C–N bond‐forming reactions is presented. Microwave‐assisted chemistry is a comparatively novel technique in the present‐day synthetic world and has recently grown in an exponential manner, stretching from academia to a widely practiced technique in industry. Transition‐metal‐catalysed C–C and C–N bond‐forming reactions represent one of the most interesting and well‐investigated type of microwave‐assisted reactions, evident from the plethora of available literature and patents in this area. Given the large number of articles published on the subject, we have made a very concise selection from the recent literature, covering manuscripts dealing with the subject from the period of the end 2004 until the first part of 2007.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Electrokinetic separation of charged macromolecules in nanochannels within the continuum regime: Effects of wall interactions and hydrodynamic confinements
Authors: Das Siddhartha , Chakraborty Suman 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this paper, a detailed continuum‐based theoretical model is proposed to investigate the effects of near‐wall potentials and hydrodynamic confinement on separation of charged macromolecules in channels of nanoscale dimensions. These wall effects are primarily confined within a few nanometers from the channel wall, and hence have negligible influences in the conventional electrokinetic separation methods that are routinely performed in microchannels. However, in nanochannels, their zone of influence becomes significant in comparison to the channel height, thereby inducing certain nontrivial effects on the resultant separation characteristics. By executing a regular perturbation analysis, it is established that depending on the macromolecular size relative to the channel height and the extent of electrical double layer (EDL) interactions, the wall forces decide the speed of traverse and the extent of spreading (dispersion) of the macromolecular bands. These factors combine together to finally decide the separation characteristics (quantified by the resolution of separation) of the charged macromolecules in nanochannels. It is demonstrated that because of the near‐wall effects, macromolecular pairs with less disparities in sizes give rise to higher values of resolution. Moreover, the wall‐induced influences are shown to magnify the resolution for any given pair of macromolecules in the nanofluidic systems, thereby signifying greater separation efficiency.
On forecasting counts
Authors: Sutradhar Brajendra C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractForecasting for a time series of low counts, such as forecasting the number of patents to be awarded to an industry, is an important research topic in socio‐economic sectors. Recently (2004), Freeland and McCabe introduced a Gaussian type stationary correlation model‐based forecasting which appears to work well for the stationary time series of low counts. In practice, however, it may happen that the time series of counts will be non‐stationary and also the series may contain over‐dispersed counts. To develop the forecasting functions for this type of non‐stationary over‐dispersed data, the paper provides an extension of the stationary correlation models for Poisson counts to the non‐stationary correlation models for negative binomial counts. The forecasting methodology appears to work well, for example, for a US time series of polio counts, whereas the existing Bayesian methods of forecasting appear to encounter serious convergence problems. Further, a simulation study is conducted to examine the performance of the proposed forecasting functions, which appear to work well irrespective of whether the time series contains small or large counts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.