bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LightGBM outperforms other machine learning techniques in predicting graft failure after liver transplantation: Creation of a predictive model through large‐scale analysis
Authors: Yanagawa Rintaro , Iwadoh Kazuhiro , Akabane Miho , Imaoka Yuki , Bozhilov Kliment Krassimirov , Melcher Marc L , Sasaki Kazunari 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of graft failure following liver transplantation (LTx) is consistent. While traditional risk scores for LTx have limited accuracy, the potential of machine learning (ML) in this area remains uncertain, despite its promise in other transplant domains. This study aims to determine ML's predictive limitations in LTx by replicating methods used in previous heart transplant research.MethodsThis study utilized the UNOS STAR database, selecting 64,384 adult patients who underwent LTx between 2010 and 2020. Gradient boosting models (XGBoost and LightGBM) were used to predict 14, 30, and 90‐day graft failure compared to conventional logistic regression model. Models were evaluated using both shuffled and rolling cross‐validation (CV) methodologies. Model performance was assessed using the AUC across validation iterations.ResultsIn a study comparing predictive models for 14‐day, 30‐day and 90‐day graft survival, LightGBM consistently outperformed other models, achieving the highest AUC of.740,.722, and.700 in shuffled CV methods. However, in rolling CV the accuracy of the model declined across every ML algorithm. The analysis revealed influential factors for graft survival prediction across all models, including total bilirubin, medical condition, recipient age, and donor AST, among others. Several features like donor age and recipient diabetes history were important in two out of three models.ConclusionsLightGBM enhances short‐term graft survival predictions post‐LTx. However, due to changing medical practices and selection criteria, continuous model evaluation is essential. Future studies should focus on temporal variations, clinical implications, and ensure model transparency for broader medical utility.
A single generation in the wild increases fitness for descendants of hatchery‐origin Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Authors: Dayan David I. , Sard Nicholas M. , Johnson Marc A. , Fitzpatrick Cristín K. , Couture Ryan , O'Malley Kathleen G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReintroduction is an important tool for the recovery of imperiled species. For threatened Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) species, hatchery‐origin (HOR) individuals from a nearby source are often used to reestablish populations in vacant, historically occupied habitat. However, this approach is challenged by the relatively low reproductive success that HOR Pacific salmonids experience when they spawn in the wild, relative to their natural‐origin (NOR) counterparts. In this study, we used genetic parentage analysis to compare the reproductive success of three groups of adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) reintroduced above Cougar Dam on the South Fork McKenzie River, Oregon: HOR Chinook salmon from an integrated stock; first‐generation, wild‐born descendants (hereafter F1s) of Chinook salmon produced at the same hatchery; and NOR Chinook salmon that are presumed to have been produced below the dam, on the mainstem McKenzie River, or elsewhere and volitionally entered a trap below Cougar Dam. We found that F1s produced nearly as many adult offspring as NORs, and 1.8‐fold more adult offspring than HORs. This result suggests that, for the South Fork McKenzie reintroduction program, a single generation in the wild increases fitness for the descendants of HOR Chinook salmon. Although these results are encouraging, care must be taken before extrapolating our results to other systems.
Planning and implementing genetic rescue of an endangered freshwater fish population in a regulated river, where low flow reduces breeding opportunities and may trigger inbreeding depression
Authors: Pavlova Alexandra , Schneller Nadja M. , Lintermans Mark , Beitzel Matt , Robledo‐Ruiz Diana A. , Sunnucks Paul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAugmenting depleted genetic diversity can improve the fitness and evolutionary potential of wildlife populations, but developing effective management approaches requires genetically monitored test cases. One such case is the small, isolated and inbred Cotter River population of an endangered Australian freshwater fish, the Macquarie perch Macquaria australasica, which over 3 years (2017–2019) received 71 translocated migrants from a closely related, genetically more diverse population. We used genetic monitoring to test whether immigrants bred, interbred with local fish and augmented population genetic diversity. We also investigated whether levels of river flow affected recruitment, inbreeding depression and juvenile dispersal. Fish length was used to estimate the age, birth year cohort and growth of 524 individuals born between 2016 and 2020 under variable flow conditions. DArT genome‐wide genotypes were used to assess individual ancestry, heterozygosity, short‐term effective population size and identify parent‐offspring and full‐sibling families. Of 442 individuals born after translocations commenced, only two (0.45%) were of mixed ancestry; these were half‐sibs with one translocated parent in common. Numbers of breeders and genetic diversity for five birth year cohorts of the Cotter River fish were low, especially in low‐flow years. Additionally, individuals born in the year of lowest flow evidently suffered from inbreeding depression for juvenile growth. The year of highest flow was associated with the largest number of breeders, lowest inbreeding in the offspring and greatest juvenile dispersal distances. Genetic diversity decreased in the upstream direction, flagging restricted access of breeders to the most upstream breeding sites, exacerbated by low river flow. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of translocations could be increased by focussing on upstream sites and moving more individuals per year; using riverine sources should be considered. Our results indicate that river flow sufficient to facilitate fish movement through the system would increase the number of breeders, promote individuals' growth, reduce inbreeding depression and promote genetic rescue.
Comparison on resilience and energy efficiency of authentication schemes in IoT networks
Authors: Lau Chi Ho , Chan Sammy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNetwork security is one of the primary concerns when deploying IoT applications. A proper authentication scheme can strengthen network security and resilience against malicious attacks. The quantitative comparison among authentication schemes is rarely found. Thus, it is difficult to choose the appropriate authentication scheme objectively. This paper presents a quantitative comparison of three authentication schemes, including blockchain‐based authentication, a widely discussed new approach for IoT security. This paper focuses on network‐level simulation instead of the protocol, providing a different angle when evaluating an authentication scheme. The simulations include five common topologies in IoT networks under five different attack strategies. The results show that the blockchain‐based scheme has the most substantial resilience compared to PKI‐based and PSK methods, while the computational cost is 1% less than the PKI‐based method. In addition, the PSK method is most energy efficient as its computational cost is only around 1% of PKI‐based and blockchain‐based methods.
‘Only to reconcile with it’. The coping experience amongst middle‐aged and older cancer survivors: A qualitative study
Authors: He Yi , Zhao Wei , Duan An , Xiao Hong , Zhou Xuemei , Zhuo Qiqi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundCancer threat is relevant to age, and the threat of a foreshortened life coupled with a lengthy treatment process negatively affects middle‐aged and older adults. Understanding the coping throughout the cancer experience in middle‐aged and older cancer survivors will help develop supportive care to promote their physiological and psychological coping effects.ObjectivesTo explore the cancer coping experiences of middle‐aged adults aged 40–59 and older adults over 60.DesignA descriptive phenomenological study was employed.MethodsFace‐to‐face, in‐depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 22 oncology patients in a tertiary university hospital aged 40 or above from August to October 2023. The interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis procedures.ResultsFive themes and 13 subthemes were formed through analysis: acceptance of cancer (considering cancer as chronic, believing in fate and attributing cancer to karma); having different information needs (desired to be truthfully informed, information‐seeking behaviour, information avoidance behaviour); getting families involved (developing dependent behaviours, feeling emotional support, family members suffering worse); striving to maintain positive psychological state (positive thinking, seeking peer support) and negative experience (undesirable, low self‐esteem).ConclusionOur study reveals that cancer survivors' attitudes towards having cancer have changed from a death sentence to a more positive perception of a chronic disease. Supportive programmes for developing coping strategies should consider the cultural traditions and religious beliefs, different information needs, involvement of family and promoting a positive psychological state while avoiding negative factors.Patient or Public ContributionParticipants with experience of coping with cancer were involved in the semistructured interview.
Smartphone‐based combined oral and whole‐body exercise programme aimed at improving oral functions: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jung Eun Seo , Choi Yoon Young , Lee Kyeong Hee 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effects of a smartphone‐based oral and whole‐body exercise programme on oral function in older adults.MethodsIndividuals aged 65 years or above were randomized into three groups (non‐app use, app use and control group), and a combined oral and whole‐body exercise programme was conducted for 5 weeks. Oral muscle strength, saliva flow rate, Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14), and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) were measured before and after the intervention. The changes in each group were analysed at the end of the programme using paired sample t‐tests, and the differences among the groups were analysed using the chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test and ANOVA.ResultsThe anterior tongue strength increased by 2.80 kPa after the intervention in the non‐app use group; however, the change was not statistically significant. In the app use group, the anterior tongue strength significantly increased by 4.48 kPa. The saliva flow rate increased by 0.54 and 0.71 g/min in the non‐app and app use groups, respectively, after the intervention (p < 0.05), and the change was greater in the app use group than in the other groups (p < 0.01). There were no significant changes in the posterior tongue strength, cheek strength, OHIP‐14 or GOHAI scores over the course of the study.ConclusionsA smartphone‐based combined oral and whole‐body exercise programme can improve anterior tongue strength and saliva flow rate in older participants. The programme, however, did not result in significant changes in posterior tongue strength, cheek strength and perceived oral health.
Efficacy and tolerability of tirbanibulin 1% ointment in the treatment of cancerization field: a real‐life Italian multicenter observational study of 250 patients
Authors: Nazzaro Gianluca , Carugno Andrea , Bortoluzzi Paolo , Buffon Stefano , Astrua Chiara , Zappia Elena , Trovato Emanuele , Caccavale Stefano , Pellegrino Vincenzo , Paolino Giovanni , Balestri Riccardo , Lacava Rossella , Ciccarese Giulia , Verdelli Alice , Barruscotti Stefania , Valenti Mario , Toni Giulia , Giacalone Serena , Zavattaro Elisa , Gironi Laura C. , Mercuri Santo R. , Ribero Simone , Gisondi Paolo , Sena Paolo , Marzano Angelo V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundTirbanibulin 1% ointment is approved for the field treatment of Olsen grade I actinic keratoses (AKs) of the face and scalp.MethodsWe performed a multicenter retrospective study involving 15 dermatologic units in Italy to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of tirbanibulin in a real‐life setting. 250 patients were enrolled. Tirbanibulin, 1% ointment, was applied daily for five consecutive days. The efficacy of treatment was measured with modifications of the Actinic Keratosis Area and Severity Index (AKASI). A satisfactory response was defined by complete (100% reduction in the number of lesions) or partial clearance (75–99%) of treated AKs.ResultsOverall, the AKASI score was significantly reduced in the studied population (mean, from 4.1 ± 2.7 to 1.4 ± 1.5; P < 0.001). A satisfactory response was observed in 222 (88.8%) cases. The proportion of satisfactory responses was higher when follow‐up was performed after 8 weeks (34/35, 97.1%). The reduction in AKASI was significant in patients with Olsen grade II or III lesions (from 5.3 ± 2.8 to 1.6 ± 1.6; P < 0.001). A satisfactory response was observed in 91/104 (87.5%) cases. AKASI reduction was also significant in patients with trunk or limb AKs (from 7.0 ± 1.3 to 2.0 ± 1.6; P = 0.018) since a satisfactory response was observed in 7/8 (87.5%) cases. Tirbanibulin was well tolerated; all adverse events (AEs) included transient local reactions at the site of treatment. Overall, 231 patients had at least one AE. Only 7 (2.8%) grade 4 AEs were recorded.ConclusionOur retrospective study confirmed that tirbanibulin 1% ointment is effective and well tolerated in a real‐life setting and is also promising for Olsen grade II and grade III AKs and AKs localized on difficult‐to‐treat areas.
Like clockwork: A within‐person analysis of time theft in the workplace
Authors: Brock Baskin Meagan E. , Vardaman James M. , Leon Matthew R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEmployee time theft is a silent and costly behavior that is difficult to manage in organizations. Time theft is less understood than other forms of deviance as it is engaged in more frequently and considered to be less harmful by those who engage in it. This study tests a within‐person model of time theft in which negative emotion mediates the positive relationship between job stressors (task ambiguity, task conflict) and time theft. Results show support for the mediating role of emotions in the positive stressor−time theft relationship at the within‐person level. Results also show that high levels of between‐person emotional stability weakened the impact of negative emotions on time theft. These results indicate that job related stressors create an environment in which time theft may become a frequent behavior. In discussing these results, we provide recommendations for employers to combat this phenomenon.
How do avatar characteristics affect applicants' interactional justice perceptions in artificial intelligence‐based job interviews?
Authors: Min Qingfei , Sun Haoye , Wang Xiaodi , Zhang Crystal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI)‐based job interviews are increasingly adopted in organizations' recruitment activities. Despite their standardization and flexibility, concerns about fairness for applicants remain a critical challenge. Taking a perspective on interface design, this research examines the role of avatar characteristics in shaping perceptions of interactional justice in AI‐based job interviews. Through a scenario‐based study involving 465 participants, the impact of avatar characteristics—specifically, appearance, linguistic style, and feedback informativeness—on applicants' perceptions of interpersonal justice and informational justice was investigated. The findings indicate that avatars characterized by a warm and cheerful appearance, coupled with an affective expression style and informative feedback, significantly enhance perceptions of interpersonal justice and informational justice. These insights offer valuable practical guidance for avatar design in AI‐based job interview systems.
Antibacterial, biocompatible, and mineralization‐inducing properties of calcium silicate‐based cements
Authors: Cruz Hondares Taimy , Hao Xiaoxiao , Zhao Yanfang , Lin Yuyin , Napierala Dobrawa , Jackson Janice G. , Zhang Ping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDifferent pulp capping materials have different origins and compositions, require different preparations, and may vary in their bioactive properties.AimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, and mineralization‐inducing potential of calcium silicate‐based pulp capping materials.DesignSix contemporary calcium silicate‐based cements, ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, Biodentine, EndoSequence, NeoMTA 2, and NeoPutty, were evaluated. The antibacterial effects of these materials against Streptococcus mutans UA159 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 were determined by the agar diffusion assay and the direct culture test. The biocompatibility and mineralization‐inducing potential of these materials in preodontoblastic 17IIA11 cells were evaluated by the MTT assay and by Alizarin Red S staining, respectively.Results and ConclusionIn agar diffusion test, only Biodentine showed distinct antibacterial effects against S. mutans. All the tested materials, however, showed antibacterial effects against S. mutans and E. faecalis in the direct culture test, with Biodentine showing the strongest growth inhibition against both S. mutans and E. faecalis. All the tested materials showed acceptable biocompatibility and mineralization‐supporting potential in our experimental conditions. In summary, ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, Biodentine, EndoSequence, NeoMTA 2, and NeoPutty demonstrated acceptable in vitro antimicrobial, biocompatible, and mineralization‐supporting properties.
A purified reconstituted bilayer matrix shows improved outcomes in treatment of non‐healing diabetic foot ulcers when compared to the standard of care: Final results and analysis of a prospective, randomized, controlled, multi‐centre clinical trial
Authors: Armstrong David G. , Orgill Dennis P. , Galiano Robert D. , Glat Paul M. , Kaufman Jarrod P. , Carter Marissa J. , DiDomenico Lawrence A. , Zelen Charles M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) increases, better treatments that improve healing should reduce complications of these ulcers including infections and amputations. We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing outcomes between a novel purified reconstituted bilayer membrane (PRBM) to the standard of care (SOC) in the treatment of non‐healing DFUs. This study included 105 patients who were randomized to either of two treatment groups (n = 54 PRBM; n = 51 SOC) in the intent to treat (ITT) group and 80 who completed the study per protocol (PP) (n = 47 PRBM; n = 33 SOC). The primary endpoint was the percentage of wounds closed after 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included percent area reduction, time to healing, quality of life, and cost to closure. The DFUs that had been treated with PRBM healed at a higher rate than those treated with SOC (ITT: 83% vs. 45%, p = 0.00004, PP: 92% vs. 67%, p = 0.005). Wounds treated with PRBM also healed significantly faster than those treated with SOC with a mean of 42 versus 62 days for SOC (p = 0.00074) and achieved a mean wound area reduction within 12 weeks of 94% versus 51% for SOC (p = 0.0023). There were no adverse events or serious adverse events that were related to either the PRBM or the SOC. In comparison to the SOC, DFUs healed faster when treated with PRBM. Thus, the use of this PRBM is an effective option for the treatment of chronic DFUs.
Rankings without U.S. News: A revealed preference approach to evaluating law schools
Authors: Rothstein Jesse , Yoon Albert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSince their inception in 1989, the U.S. News & World Report law school rankings have influenced how schools, students, and the legal profession itself think about legal education. In the Fall of 2022, however, several of the most selective law schools formally withdrew from the annual rankings. In so doing, these schools laid bare longstanding criticisms of the rankings' questionable criteria and opaque methodology. While the long‐term effect of this boycott remains to be seen, school rankings are likely here to stay. In this Article we design a more informative approach to rankings, based on actual decisions students make. Using individual‐level data provided by the Law School Admissions Council (LSAC), we analyze the universe of applicants to U.S. law schools for the period 1988 through 2017. In so doing, we are the first to create a revealed preference ranking based solely on where applicants matriculate given offers of admission. Our approach relies neither on potentially faulty data collection from schools nor arbitrary decisions about which factors to emphasize in rankings, thereby minimizing the scope for manipulation. It also allows us to quantify the magnitude of differences in preferences among schools and to test their statistical significance. Matriculants reveal a strong preference for a handful of the most selective schools; outside of the top tier, however, matriculants do not appear to draw meaningful distinctions between schools ranked adjacently or even near to each other. While existing school rankings sow more confusion than clarity, our analysis provides a rigorous and transparent alternative, and a blueprint for redesigning school rankings.
Fit‐for‐purpose—The bottom‐up redesign of the nursing home system: The Australian Aged Care System
Authors: Sturmberg Joachim P. , Gainsford Len , Pond Dimity , Goodwin Nicholas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNursing homes struggle to meet the needs of their residents as they become older and frailer, live with more complex co‐morbidity, and are impacted by memory impairment and dementia. Moreover, the nursing home system is overwhelmed with significantly constraining organisational and regulatory demands that stand in the way of achieving resident‐focused outcomes. These issues are compounded by the perceptions of poor working environments, poor remuneration, and poor satisfaction amongst staff. The system is beyond the state of ‘reform’ and requires a fundamental redesign based on first organisational systems understandings: a clearly definedpurpose and goal, shared values, andsystem‐wide agreed “simple (or operating) rules”. A ‘fit‐for‐purpose’ future requires a complex adaptive nursing home system characterised by seamless ‘bottom‐up and top‐down’ information flows to ensure that the necessary ‘work that needs to be done’ is done, and a governance structure that focuses on quality improvement and holds the system accountable for the quality of care that is provided.