bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mehrfaches Ausgleichen einer fehlerhaften Punktreihe
Authors: Stange K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDas mehrfache Ausgleichen einer fehlerbehafteten Punktreihe xk (tk) mit Hilfe von Potenzreihen beschränkten Grades wird bereits nach wenigen Schritten nahezu wirkungslos. Die Ursache ist die mit jedem Schritt mehr und mehrwachsende Korrelation zwischen den Fehlern μ(s̀) der geglätteten Werte xk(s̀). Außerdem wird die Ausgangsfunktion x (t) bei jedem Schritt um den gleichen Betrag “gefälscht”. Die Verhältnisse werden für die einfachsten Fälle linearen und quadratischen Ausgleichs zahlenmäßig durchgerechnet. Außerdem wird der Einfluß einer von vornherein vorhandenen Korrelation der Ausgangsfehler μ auf die Fehlerfortpflanzung untersucht.
Der Verdichtungsstoß bei der stationären Umströmung flacher Profile
Authors: Oswatitsch Kl. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDer Verdichtungsstoß an flachen Profilen verursacht Entropieanstiege, welche für die Wirbelbildung im allgemeinen bedeutungslos sind, die aber dennoch Widerstand bedeuten. Damit hängen eine Anzahl von Fragen zusammen, welche nicht immer richtig behandelt wurden und die hier nun geklärt werden. Abschließend wird eine Abschätzungsformel für den Ort des Verdichtungsstoßes im lokalen Überschallgebiet gegeben.L'onde de choc sur des profils plats augmente l'entropie. En général cette augmentation de l'entropie ne donne pratiquement pas naissance à des tourbillons. Cependant elle représente une certaine résistance. Beaucoup d'autres questions sont fonction de ce phénomène. Ces questions qui n'ont pas été traitées d'une façon correcte jusqu'à présent sont mises au point. Enfin l'auteur donne une formule d'approximation pour l'emplacement du choc de compression dans le domaine suspersonique local.
Fetal Tracheal Occlusion for the Treatment of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Laberge Jean‐Martin , Flageole Hélène 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) continues to be associated with significant mortality and morbidity rates despite advances in neonatal care. Fetal intervention for CDH has been studied for 25 years. After initial difficulties encountered with open fetal repair, attention has turned to tracheal occlusion (TO) as a method to correct pulmonary hypoplasia before birth. This article reviews our contribution to this field of research and outlines the current status of this treatment modality.Materials and MethodsUsing the fetal lamb model, we have studied the effects of fetal TO on tracheal fluid pressure, lung growth and type II pneumocyte maturation, and surfactant production. We developed a minimally invasive and reversible technique of TO, using a detachable balloon placed using single‐port tracheoscopy. We examined differential lung growth, structural maturation, pulmonary artery remodeling, and lung function during an 8‐h resuscitation period in lambs, comparing normal controls, lambs with a surgically created CDH, those with CDH+TO, and those with CDH+TO and release of TO 1 week before delivery. We also studied the potential benefits of maternal betamethasone administration and the administration of surfactant at birth. Using a neonatal piglet model, we examined the effect of postnatal pulmonary distension with perfluorocarbon on lung growth. More recently, we turned to the rat nitrofen‐induced CDH model to study the effects of TO on bronchial branching and some molecular markers of lung growth (Shh and LGL1).ConclusionsFetal TO is being used to treat human CDH, but its application remains limited by the absence of reliable and widely reproducible prenatal prognostic criteria. A better understanding of the molecular events guiding the lung growth seen with TO may help to refine its use in humans.
PRODUCTS OF IDEMPOTENT ENDOMORPHISMS OF RELATIVELY FREE ALGEBRAS WITH WEAK EXCHANGE PROPERTIES
Authors: Fountain John , Gould Victoria 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIf $A$ is a stable basis algebra of rank $n$, then the set $S_{n-1}$ of endomorphisms of rank at most $n-1$ is a subsemigroup of the endomorphism monoid of $A$. This paper gives a number of necessary and sufficient conditions for $S_{n-1}$ to be generated by idempotents. These conditions are satisfied by finitely generated free modules over Euclidean domains and by free left $T$-sets of finite rank, where $T$ is cancellative monoid in which every finitely generated left ideal is principal.
THE $c$-SUPPLEMENTED PROPERTY OF FINITE GROUPS
Authors: Wei Huaquan , Wang Yanming 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to study the influence of $c$-supplemented minimal subgroups on the $p$-nilpotency of finite groups. We obtain ‘iff' and ‘localized' versions of theorems of Itô and Buckley on nilpotence, $p$-nilpotence and supersolvability.
BOUNDARY BEHAVIOUR OF QUOTIENTS OF MARTIN KERNELS
Authors: Hirata Kentaro 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGiven two intersecting domains, we investigate the boundary behaviour of the quotient of Martin kernels of each domain. To this end, we give a characterization of minimal thinness for a difference of two subdomains in terms of Martin kernels of each domain. As a consequence of our main theorem, we obtain the boundary growth of the Martin kernel of a Lipschitz domain, which corresponds to earlier results for the boundary decay of the Green function for a Lipschitz domain investigated by Burdzy, Carroll and Gardiner.
THE GROUP OF COVERING AUTOMORPHISMS OF A QUASI-COHERENT SHEAF ON $\bm{P}^1(K)$
Authors: Enochs E. , Estrada S. , García Rozas J. R. , Oyonarte L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCoGalois groups appear in a natural way in the study of covers. They generalize the well-known group of covering automorphisms associated with universal covering spaces. Recently, it has been proved that each quasi-coherent sheaf over the projective line $\bm{P}^1(R)$ ($R$ is a commutative ring) admits a flat cover and so we have the associated coGalois group of the cover. In general the problem of computing coGalois groups is difficult. We study a wide class of quasi-coherent sheaves whose associated coGalois groups admit a very accurate description in terms of topological properties. This class includes finitely generated and cogenerated sheaves and therefore, in particular, vector bundles.
SPECIALIZATIONS OF DIRECT LIMITS AND OF LOCAL COHOMOLOGY MODULES
Authors: Nhi Dam Van 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper we introduce the specialization of an $S$-module which is a direct limit of a direct system of finitely generated $S$-modules indexed by $\mathbb{N}$. This specialization preserves the Buchsbaum property, the generalized Cohen–Macaulay property and the Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity of a module.
TRANSPLANTATION FORMULAE AND HADAMARD'S METHOD OF DESCENT
Authors: Bray William O. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe define a partial Radon transform mapping functions on $\mathbb{R}^{n+l}$ to functions on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ which intertwines the Laplace operator on the two spaces. As a consequence, transplantation formulae relating the radial eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on Euclidean spaces of different dimensions are obtained. Our formulae provide a geometric interpretation of integral formulae for Bessel functions of Abel type, which are found useful in potential theory. The formulae portray a view of Hadamard's method of descent within the realm of harmonic analysis, allowing the transplant of local problems from even dimensions to odd dimensions and unifying the techniques of several authors.
SETS OF RANGE UNIQUENESS IN $p$-ADIC FIELDS
Authors: Boussaf K. , Boutabaa A. , Escassut A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe study sets of range uniqueness (SRUs) for analytic functions inside a disc of an algebraically closed field $K$ complete with respect to an ultrametric absolute value. The SRUs we obtain are converging sequences. We first obtain results that look like those known in $\mathbb{C}$ but involve a weaker hypothesis than in $\mathbb{C}$: let $(a_n)$ be a sequence of limit $a$ in a disc $d(a,r^-)$ such that $|a_n-a|$ is a strictly decreasing sequence. If the sequence $(a_n)$ does not make an SRU for the set $\mathcal{A}(d(a,r^-))$ of analytic functions inside $d(a,r^-)$, then, for a certain integer $k\in\mathbb{Z}$, the sequence$$ \bigg(\frac{a_{n+k}-a}{a_n-a}\bigg) $$has a finite limit in $K$ and the sequence$$ \bigg(\frac{\log|a_{n+k}-a|}{\log|a_n-a|}\bigg) $$has a finite rational limit. Next, we show that if the sequence$$ \frac{\log(a_{n+1}-a)}{\log(a_n-a)} $$converges to a limit $b\geq1$ in such a way that $-b\log|a_{n}-a|\lt-b\log|a_{n+1}-a|$ and if $\log|a_{n}-a|-b\log|a_{n+1}-a|$ has limit $0$ or $+\infty$ and if $b^k\notin\mathbb{Q}$ whenever $b>1$ and $k\in \mathbb{N}^*$, then the sequence $(a_n)$ is an SRU for $\mathcal{A}(d(a,r^-))$. In particular, for every $\gamma\in\;]0,1[\;\cup\;]1,+\infty[$, $L\in\mathbb{Q}\;\cap\;]0,+\infty[$ and $b\geq 1$, there exist SRUs for $\mathcal{A}(d(a,r^-))$ of the form $\{a_n\mid n\in\mathbb{N}\}$ such that$$ \lim_{n\rightarrow+\infty}\frac{-\log|a_n-a|}{b^nn^\gamma}=L. $$For example, if $\gamma\in\mathbb{N}$ with $\gamma\neq0,1$, there exist SRUs of the form $\{a_n\mid n\in\mathbb{N}\}$ such that $-\log |a_n-a|=Ln^\gamma$ for all $n\in\mathbb{N}^*$. The latter result ceases to hold when $\gamma=1$. Many examples and counterexamples are provided.
COMMUTATOR ESTIMATES AND $\RR$-FLOWS IN NON-COMMUTATIVE OPERATOR SPACES
Authors: de Pagter Ben , Sukochev Fyodor 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe principal results in this paper are concerned with the description of domains of infinitesimal generators of strongly continuous groups of isometries in non-commutative operator spaces $E(\mathcal{M},\tau)$, which are induced by $\mathbb{R}$-flows on $\mathcal{M}$. In particular, we are concerned with the description of operator functions which leave the domain of such generators invariant in all symmetric operator spaces, associated with a semi-finite von Neumann algebra $\mathcal{M}$ and a separable function space $E$ on $(0,\infty)$. Furthermore, we apply our results to the study of operator functions for which $[D,x]\in E(\mathcal{M},\tau)$ implies that $[D,f(x)]\in E(\mathcal{M},\tau)$, where $D$ is an unbounded self-adjoint operator. Our methods are partly based on the recently developed theory of double operator integrals in symmetric operator spaces and the theory of adjoint $C_{0}$-semigroups.
THE REPRESENTATION OF RESIDUE CLASSES BY PRODUCTS OF SMALL INTEGERS
Authors: Garaev M. Z. , Karatsuba A. A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFor a large integer $m$, we obtain asymptotic formulae for the number of solutions of certain congruences modulo $m$ with several variables, where the variables belong to special sets of residue classes modulo $m$. In particular, we obtain new information on the exceptional set of the multiplication table problem in the residue ring modulo $m$.
A heterologous prime-boost vaccination regime using DNA and a vaccinia virus, both expressing GRA4, induced protective immunity againstToxoplasma gondiiinfection in mice
Authors: ZHANG G. , HUONG V. T. T. , BATTUR B. , ZHOU J. , ZHANG H. , LIAO M. , KAWASE O. , LEE E. G. , DAUTU G. , IGARASHI M. , NISHIKAWA Y. , XUAN X. 
Published: May 2007

SUMMARYThe dense granule antigen 4 (GRA4) is known as an immundominant antigen ofToxoplasma gondiiand, therefore, is considered as a vaccine candidate. For further evaluation of its vaccine effect, a recombinant plasmid and vaccinia virus, both expressing GRA4, were constructed, and a heterologous prime-boost vaccination regime was performed in a mouse model. The mice immunized with the heterologous prime-boost vaccination regime showed a high level of specific antibody response against GRA4 and a significantly high level of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production and survived completely against a subsequent challenge infection with a lethal dose ofT. gondii. In addition, the formation of cysts was inhibited in the mice vaccinated with the heterologous prime-boost vaccination regime. These results demonstrate that the heterologous prime-boost vaccination regime using DNA and a vaccinia virus, both expressing GRA4, could induce both humoral and cellular immune responses and provide effective protection against lethal acute and chronicT. gondiiinfections in mice.
Growth pattern and risk of schizophrenia
Authors: Haukka J. , Suvisaari J. , Häkkinen L. , Lönnqvist J. 
Published: May 2007

BackgroundFoetal nutrition and growth seem to affect the risk of developing schizophrenia. Exposure to famine during foetal development and low birthweight increase the risk. However, few studies have investigated the association between schizophrenia and adult height and weight or patterns of growth.MethodThe study population consisted of two subpopulations: families with at least one member with schizophrenia, and families of offspring of mothers with psychotic disorder, and controls. Using a seven-parameter model of height growth curves, we compared the parameters of persons who later developed schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings from the same families. We also studied how growth curve parameters differed in children with genetic risk for schizophrenia and controls, and whether weight, height and body mass index (BMI) at different ages predicted later development of schizophrenia.ResultsThe predicted growth curves based on a parametric model were nearly identical for persons with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings. Adult height of daughters of mothers with psychoses was borderline significantly (p=0.0536) lower compared to controls, while no difference was detected among sons (p=0.3283).ConclusionsNo association between growth characteristics and schizophrenia in families with at least one member with schizophrenia was found. Family-related factors should be taken into account as possible confounders in future studies on growth and schizophrenia.
Invasive pneumococcal disease in New Zealand 1998–2005: capsular serotypes and antimicrobial resistance
Authors: HEFFERNAN H. M. , MARTIN D. R. , WOODHOUSE R. E. , MORGAN J. , BLACKMORE T. K. 
Published: May 2007

SUMMARYIsolates from 3903 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) were referred to the national reference laboratory over the 8 years, 1998–2005, as part of the laboratory-based surveillance of this disease in New Zealand. All isolates were serotyped and their antimicrobial susceptibility was tested. The incidence of IPD was highest in young children, with an average annual incidence of 100·8/100 000 in infants aged <2 years. There were changes in the prevalence of several of the serotypes during the 8-year period. Overall the seven serotypes included in the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F, were the most common serotypes and accounted for 80·9% of the disease in infants aged <2 years. There was no overall change in penicillin resistance or non-susceptibility during the 8 years, and rates were 7·1% and 17·1%, respectively, in 2005. In contrast, cefotaxime and erythromycin resistance increased to reach 3·1% and 12·2%, respectively, by 2005.
Investigation into the seasonal salmonellosis in lactating dairy cattle
Authors: EDRINGTON T. S. , ROSS T. T. , CALLAWAY T. R. , MARTINEZ C. H. , HUME M. E. , GENOVESE K. J. , POOLE T. L. , ANDERSON R. C. , NISBET D. J. 
Published: May 2007

SUMMARYSporadic salmonellosis has been reported in mature lactating dairy cattle in the southwestern United States and is an intriguing problem in thatSalmonellacan be cultured from faecal samples of these cattle throughout the year. However, it is pathogenic only during late summer/early autumn and in certain years. We sampled apparently healthy (n=10) and diarrhoeic (n=10) cattle during an outbreak on a 2000 head dairy in 2003. The following year, monthly faecal (from the same 30 head), total mixed ration, water, and pen soil samples were collected forSalmonellaculture. No serogroup, serotype, genetic, or antimicrobial susceptibility differences were observed in comparison of isolates from healthy and sick cattle. During year 2 of the study,Salmonellawas routinely cultured (although highly variable from month to month) from the cattle and the environment, although no outbreak of salmonellosis was observed.
The pathological voice of Gilbert-Louis Duprez
Authors: BLOCH GREGORY W. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe tenor Gilbert-Louis Duprez is today remembered for his invention of the ‘C from the chest’, first presented to Parisian audiences in 1837. This has retrospectively been mythologised as the origin-point of modern tenor technique, though recent research has thrown the exact nature and significance of Duprez’s achievement into doubt. Nonetheless, one context in which Duprez was understood as revolutionary was in the scientific work of two Lyonnais doctors, Paul Diday and Joseph Pétrequin, whose 1840 essay ‘Mémoire sur une nouvelle espèce de voix chantée’ offers a unique perspective not only on what Duprez sounded like, but also on developments in the understanding of the physiological phenomenon of singing itself. Placing this work in the context of earlier medical writings on the voice, and of the authors’ subsequent debate with the singing teacher Manuel Garcia Jr., suggests that the late 1830s were a period of flux in the history of the understanding of singing, one in which long-held certainties were being questioned. Duprez thus arrived in Paris at a unique moment. The changing conceptual background shaped the understanding of Duprez’s voice even as the tenor was used by the doctors as a ‘living experiment’ to reach conclusions about the function of the voice generally.
The disappearing danseur
Authors: SMITH MARIAN 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe notion of studying the nineteenth-century danseur is problematic because of an anti-male strain in dance historiography that has led some to suggest that he virtually disappeared from the stage. André Levinson is largely responsible for the danseur’s poor reputation: he minimised the narrative aspect of nineteenth-century ballet and declared in 1929 that the ballerina Marie Taglioni had ‘evicted’ men from the stage. Levinson also canonised La Sylphide (1832), a ballet that he, like his nineteenth-century predecessors Théophile Gautier and Jules Janin, gendered as feminine. He promulgated the term ‘ballet blanc’, a feminising but misleading term now in common use and rarely interrogated. And yet men danced on the stage throughout the nineteenth century. In the case of the Paris Opéra, men contributed to ballet as principal dancers, soloists and in the corps de ballet. A brief study of La Jolie Fille de Gand, a ballet contemporaneous with La Sylphide, shows a rich set of male roles calling on men’s skill as mimes and dancers in various styles. Further studies of the long-maligned nineteenth-century danseur are needed.
Verdi, Victor Maurel and fin-de-siècle operatic performance
Authors: HENSON KAREN 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThis article begins with a late Verdian conundrum, one that is arguably distinctive of the fin de siècle: even as Verdi seemed to be withdrawing from the stage, he turned repeatedly to a small group of practical musicians, among them the French baritone Victor Maurel, the first Iago and Falstaff and creator in 1881 of the revised role of Simon Boccanegra. An exploration of the circumstances in which Maurel first made an impression on the composer, as Hamlet and Amonasro at the Paris Opéra in 1880, suggests a significant role for the baritone in late Verdian historiography. In particular, Maurel’s case reveals a Verdi interested in and even actively encouraging new approaches to operatic acting and declamation, a fact we might want to relate to the composer’s larger trajectory in this period. It also reveals a fin de siècle in which singers continued to be important, in spite of composers’ anti-performance rhetoric.
Revolution Fulfilled? Symbolic and Structural Archaeology, a Generation On. Symbolic and Structural Archaeology, edited by Ian Hodder. (New Directions in Archaeology Series.)
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007 (2nd edition); ISBN-13: 9780521035507 paperback,
£18.99 & US$34.99, 196 pp.
Authors: Hodder Ian , Leone Mark P. , Bernbeck Reinhard , Shanks Michael , Tomášková Silvia , McAnany Patricia A. , Shennan Stephen , Renfrew Colin 
Published: May 2007

It is now 25 years since Symbolic and Structural Archaeology (henceforth SSA) was first published in 1982. Why run a review feature upon a book this old? Clearly not to let readers know about its now-familiar contents. One justification is historical. Very few works have had such an effect — in archaeology, the nearest parallel comes with works such as Binford and Binford's New Perspectives in Archaeology in 1968, which laid the basis for an entire agenda of New Archaeology. Like Binford and Binford's book, SSA marked a transformation of archaeology as much as, or more than, it actually transformed the field itself. It signalled the coming of age of a coherent cohort of young, energetic scholars with a strongly defined new agenda. It breached taken-for-granted limits with bold, even flagrant ambition; it consciously invoked new intellectual frames. As much as any particular publishing event can punctuate the scholarly process with the intimation of a new direction, the publication of SSA did so.And yet, a review feature on the book would perhaps not be entirely justified as purely a historical retrospective. It is clear from the trajectory of theoretical publication in Britain (and to some extent America) over the last decades, from the content of archaeological theory courses in universities, and the vocabulary bounced around at conferences such as TAG and the SAAs, that the agenda of SSA — often termed ‘post-processualism’ — has become the dominant voice in mainstream archaeological theory. The challenger has become the establishment; the once-unthinkable has become normal science. There are many other theoretical voices, of course, but even self-proclaimed alternative movements show signs of having absorbed, osmotically, much of the theoretical agenda set by post-processualism, even if their answers differ.Twenty-five is a human generation, and perhaps the closest approach to eternity in the rapidly fermenting world of theory; the current generation of students (future colleagues, really) will have known no other paradigm. Hence, we have asked our contributors not only to comment retrospectively upon the book itself, but also prospectively, on how well its agenda has weathered the years, on what roads remain untaken, and upon where they think the future might lie.
Asymmetric conflict structures
Authors: Geiß Robin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractInequality in arms, indeed, significant disparity between belligerents, has become a prominent feature of various contemporary armed conflicts. Such asymmetries, albeit not at all a new phenomenon in the field of warfare, no longer constitute a random occurrence of singular battles. As a structural characteristic of modern-day warfare asymmetric conflict structures have repercussions on the application of fundamental principles of international humanitarian law. How, for example, can the concept of military necessity, commonly understood to justify the degree of force necessary to secure military defeat of the enemy, be reconciled with a constellation in which one side in the conflict is from the outset bereft of any chance of winning the conflict militarily? Moreover, military imbalances of this scope evidently carry incentives for the inferior party to level out its inferiority by circumventing accepted rules of warfare. This article attempts tentatively to assess the repercussions this could have on the principle of reciprocity, especially the risk of the instigation of a destabilizing dynamic of negative reciprocity which ultimately could lead to a gradual intensification of a mutual disregard of international humanitarian law.