bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal and postnatal exposure to antibiotics and risk of food allergy in the offspring: A nationwide birth cohort study in South Korea
Authors: Oh Jiyeon , Lee Myeongcheol , Park Jaeyu , Kim Hyeon Jin , Lee Seung Won , Rahmati Masoud , Koyanagi Ai , Smith Lee , Kim Min Seo , López Sánchez Guillermo F. , Dragioti Elena , Min Chanyang , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Shin Youn Ho , Shin Jae Il , Yon Dong Keon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere are only preliminary studies examining the associations of postnatal antibiotic exposure with food allergy in childhood, and the effect of antibiotic exposure in utero has not been resolved. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of prenatal and postnatal antibiotic exposure on the risk of food allergy in childhood.MethodsUsing the nationwide birth cohort in South Korea, all 3,163,206 infants (pairing mother; n = 2,322,735) born in South Korea between 2010 and 2017 were included in the analysis. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of food allergy, and the observation period was between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2020. We implemented four different designs for the study, which consisted of a full unmatched cohort, 1:1 propensity‐matched cohort, sibling comparison cohort, and health screening cohort along with multiple subgroup analyses.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period (median 6.92 years [IQR, 4.72–9.00]) of the 3,161,858 infants (52.6% male) in the birth cohort, 29,973 (1.9%) were diagnosed with food allergies. After a 1:1 propensity score matching, the use of antibiotics increased the risk of overall food allergy (prenatal [HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04–1.09] and postnatal [HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01–1.10] periods). The association was more significantly accentuated when antibiotic exposure was used in the short term, and the children were born preterm or with low birthweight; however, a trimester‐specific effect was not observed. We observed more pronounced risks of food allergy in the health screening cohort (prenatal, 17%; postnatal, 15%), thus addressing the adverse effects of critical factors including maternal BMI, smoking status, and type of infant feeding. Similar trends were observed across all four differnt cohorts.ConclusionThis study reported a moderate association between early‐life antibiotic use and subsequent food allergy during childhood throughout four different designs of analyses. This study suggests that clinicians need to consider the risks and benefits of antibiotics when administering antibiotics to individuals in the prenatal and postnatal periods.
Interactive effects of hearing aid use and cognitive function in patients with hearing loss
Authors: Okano Takayuki , Yamamoto Yosuke , Kuzuya Akira , Egawa Naohiro , Furuta Ichiro , Mizuno Kayoko , Fujino Kiyohiro , Omori Koichi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere has been a significant increase in scientific investigations of the hearing‐dementia association among the research on potentially modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment. We tested two clinical questions. Analysis 1: does persistent hearing aid (HA) use decrease the decline in cognitive function caused by ageing? Analysis 2: does cognitive function at the time of HA fitting predict future persistent HA use?MethodsThis case–control study performed at two referral centres reported data obtained over a 4.5‐year period. We recruited a group of patients with cognitive decline, aged 65 or older with or without hearing loss. The intervention consisted of the use of HAs. The primary outcome measures were adherence to continuous HA use and cognitive function measured using the Japanese version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination Test and the Reading Cognitive Test Kyoto.ResultsEighteen HA users and 18 controls were included in the first analysis. HA use was associated with a deceleration of cognitive decline 12 months later. In the second analysis, 11 participants with good adherence to HA use were compared with 12 participants who showed poor adherence to HA use. Among the variables employed in this study, cognitive function measured using the Reading Cognitive Test Kyoto was significantly lower in participants with poor adherence to HA.ConclusionsHA use in cognitively impaired individuals with hearing loss can slow age‐related cognitive decline. Cognitively impaired people with hearing loss who fail to commit to HA use tend to have lower cognitive measurement scores before HA fitting. HA use is generally more challenging as people age and their cognitive abilities decline. Therefore, it is desirable that HAs be used when hearing loss and dementia are in their early stages.
Governing personal data and trade in digital services
Authors: Ferracane Martina F. , van der Marel Erik 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe regulation of personal data varies widely between countries, with potential effects on digital services. We develop a taxonomy for the regulation of cross‐border personal data transfers and systematically categorize 143 countries in one of the three data models identified, which are an open data model, a conditional model, and a control model. Using a gravity model, we then study if sharing a similar regulatory model between trading partners is associated with trade in digital services. Moreover, we assess if enacting a comprehensive data protection law impacts the relationship between data models and digital services. The open model of data transfers appears to support data flows, regardless of the the presence of a domestic regime for personal data. We find a negative effect on digital services for the conditional model that prescribes conditions that need to be fulfilled to transfer personal data across borders. Interestingly, we find that this negative effect is more than offset by the presence of a comprehensive data protection law. Finally, the control model, which has strict conditions to transfer personal data outside the country, only has a negative and significant effect when a domestic regime for data protection is implemented. The latter is likely to reflect the cost burden of firms to comply with these regulations as the trust channel might not be effective in countries characterized by government surveillance.
The Impact of COVID‐19 on Education in Latin America: Long‐Run Implications for Poverty and Inequality
Authors: Bracco Jessica , Ciaschi Matías , Gasparini Leonardo , Marchionni Mariana , Neidhöfer Guido 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe shock of the COVID‐19 pandemic affected the human capital formation of children and youths. As a consequence of this disruption, the pandemic is likely to imply permanent lower levels of human capital. This paper provides new evidence on the impact of COVID‐19 and school closures on education in Latin America by exploiting harmonized microdata from a large set of national household surveys carried out in 2020, during the pandemic. In addition, the paper uses microsimulations to assess the potential effect of changes in human capital due to the COVID‐19 crisis on future income distributions. The findings show that the pandemic is likely to have significant long‐run consequences in terms of incomes and poverty if strong compensatory measures are not taken soon.
Demystifying math myths: Examining rules that expire
Authors: Ray Amy , Herron Julie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn our mathematics methods courses for elementary preservice teachers, we work to uncover and confront students' understandings as well as misconceptions about important mathematical topics. Karp and colleagues' (Teaching Children Mathematics, 21(1), 18–25) “13 Rules That Expire” article has been a useful resource for us to highlight and challenge students' mathematical misconceptions. In this article, we share the components of an iteratively developed assignment focused on the 13 rules article. We detail how students explored the “lives” of these rules and investigated alternatives to pervasive mathematics shortcuts and tricks. We posit that our intentionally designed assignment provides an opportunity for students to think critically about their views, beliefs, and misconceptions, which encourages a mindset for preservice teachers to consider the kinds of mathematical misconceptions they will encounter in their classroom teaching. We anticipate that sharing this developed assignment with other mathematics teacher educators could provide opportunities for additional adaptations in unique contexts and continued improvements to support future teachers.
Spatial–Temporal Mapping Reveals the Golgi as the Major Processing Site for the Pathogenic Swedish APP Mutation: Familial APP Mutant Shifts the Major APP Processing Site
Authors: Wang Jingqi , Gleeson Paul A. , Fourriere Lou 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTAlzheimer's disease is associated with increased levels of amyloid beta (Aβ) generated by sequential intracellular cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by membrane‐bound secretases. However, the spatial and temporal APP cleavage events along the trafficking pathways are poorly defined. Here, we use the Retention Using Selective Hooks (RUSH) to compare in real time the anterograde trafficking and temporal cleavage events of wild‐type APP (APPwt) with the pathogenic Swedish APP (APPswe) and the disease‐protective Icelandic APP (APPice). The analyses revealed differences in the trafficking profiles and processing between APPwt and the APP familial mutations. While APPwt was predominantly processed by the β‐secretase, BACE1, following Golgi transport to the early endosomes, the transit of APPswe through the Golgi was prolonged and associated with enhanced amyloidogenic APP processing and Aβ secretion. A 20°C block in cargo exit from the Golgi confirmed β‐ and γ‐secretase processing of APPswe in the Golgi. Inhibition of the β‐secretase, BACE1, restored APPswe anterograde trafficking profile to that of APPwt. APPice was transported rapidly through the Golgi to the early endosomes with low levels of Aβ production. This study has revealed different intracellular locations for the preferential cleavage of APPwt and APPswe and Aβ production, and the Golgi as the major processing site for APPswe, findings relevant to understand the molecular basis of Alzheimer's disease.
Rotor design optimization of a 4000 rpm permanent magnet synchronous generator using moth flame optimization algorithm
Authors: Perin Deniz , Karaoglan Aslan Deniz , Yilmaz Kemal 
Published: March 2024

The goal of this paper is to optimize the rotor design parameters of 4000 rpm permanent magnet synchronous generator. The factors namely embrace, offset, outer diameter, and magnet thickness are selected as the design parameters those will be optimized in order to hold the magnetic flux density (MFD) distribution and the flux density on stator teeth and stator yoke within a desirable range while maximizing efficiency. The numerical simulations are carried out in the Maxwell environment for this purpose. The mathematical relationships between the responses and the factors are then derived using regression modeling over the simulation data. Following the modeling phase, the moth flame optimization is applied to these regression models to optimize the rotor design parameters. The motivation is determining mathematical relation between the important design parameters of the high speed generator and the measured responses, when standard M530-50A lamination material is used and then to demonstrate the utility of MFO to the readers on this design problem. The optimum factor levels for embrace, offset, outer diameter, and magnet thickness are calculated as 0.68, 30, 161.56, and 8.92 respectively. Additionally, confirmations are done by using Maxwell and the efficiency is calculated as 94.85%, and magnetic distributions are calculated as 1.64, 0.26, and 0.93 Tesla for stator teeth flux density, stator yoke flux density, and MFD; respectively. The results show that the efficiency is maximized and the magnetic distributions are kept within an appropriate range.
A Synergistic Approach Combining Surface Enhancement and Buckling Modes for Improved Axial Crushing Performance of Thin-Walled Tubes
Authors: Alam Shahrukh , Uddin Mohammad , Hall Colin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, thin-walled tubes were circumferentially strengthened by plasticity ball burnishing of critical locations determined from buckling mode analysis. Axial crush test results revealed that the surface-treated (ST) tubes increased localized yield strength, attained superior crashworthiness performance, and triggered predictable deformation modes according to the buckling modes of the tubes. Numerical analysis was performed and successfully validated with the experiment at 90% prediction accuracy. The treated tube ST-4 with the 12th buckling mode outperformed a conventional tube with an increase in specific energy absorption (SEA) and crush force efficiency (CFE) by up to 70% while sustaining a low increase in initial peak force (IPF). Furthermore, the tube demonstrated a greater rate of energy dissipation compared to tubes with conventional surface-treated patterns at the same level of surface-treated area. The crashworthiness performance improved as the surface-treated area ratio increased. A theoretical model was developed for the surface-treated tube based on fundamental deformation kinematics, predicting mean crushing force and total energy absorption with acceptable accuracy. The findings strongly suggest that the proposed surface-enhanced tubes have great potential to be used as energy-absorbing structures in crashworthiness applications.
Controlled Stiffness of Direct-Write, Near-Field Electrospun Gelatin Fibers Generates Differences in Tenocyte Morphology and Gene Expression
Authors: Davis Zachary G. , Koch Drew W. , Watson Samantha L. , Scull Grant M. , Brown Ashley C. , Schnabel Lauren V. , Fisher Matthew B. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Tendinopathy is a leading cause of mobility issues. Currently, the cell–matrix interactions involved in the development of tendinopathy are not fully understood. In vitro tendon models provide a unique tool for addressing this knowledge gap as they permit fine control over biochemical, micromechanical, and structural aspects of the local environment to explore cell–matrix interactions. In this study, direct-write, near-field electrospinning of gelatin solution was implemented to fabricate micron-scale fibrous scaffolds that mimic native collagen fiber size and orientation. The stiffness of these fibrous scaffolds was found to be controllable between 1 MPa and 8 MPa using different crosslinking methods (EDC, DHT, DHT+EDC) or through altering the duration of crosslinking with EDC (1 h to 24 h). EDC crosslinking provided the greatest fiber stability, surviving up to 3 weeks in vitro. Differences in stiffness resulted in phenotypic changes for equine tenocytes with low stiffness fibers (∼1 MPa) promoting an elongated nuclear aspect ratio while those on high stiffness fibers (∼8 MPa) were rounded. High stiffness fibers resulted in the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) and proteoglycans (possible indicators for tendinopathy) relative to low stiffness fibers. These results demonstrate the feasibility of direct-written gelatin scaffolds as tendon in vitro models and provide evidence that matrix mechanical properties may be crucial factors in cell–matrix interactions during tendinopathy formation.
Analysis of In-Cylinder Flow in a Small-Bore Spark-Ignition Engine Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Zero-Dimensional-Based Modeling
Authors: Chandrakar Chandra Kumar , Ayyanar Kartheeswaran , S Varunkumar , Anand TNC , Mittal Mayank 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The evolution of in-cylinder flow involves large- and small-scale structures during the intake and compression strokes, significantly influencing the fuel–air mixing and combustion processes. Extensive research has been conducted to investigate the flow evolution in medium- to large-sized engines using laser-based diagnostic methods, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and zero-dimensional (0D) based modeling. In the present study, we provide a detailed analysis of the evolution of flow fields in a small-bore spark ignition (SI) engine with a displacement volume of 110 cm3. This analysis employs a unique methodology, where CFD simulation is performed and validated using measured particle image velocimetry (PIV) data. Subsequently, the validated CFD results are utilized to develop and validate a 0D-based model as it is computationally more efficient. The validated CFD simulation and 0D-based model are then used to evaluate the quantified strength of the flow by calculating the tumble ratio and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The streamlines and velocity vectors of the flow fields obtained from CFD simulations are utilized to explain the evolution of these parameters during intake and compression strokes. The study is further extended to analyze the effect of engine speed on the evolution of flow fields. With an increase in engine speed, relatively higher values of tumble ratio and TKE at the end of the compression stroke are observed, which is expected to improve the fuel–air mixing and combustion efficiency.
Development of an Anatomically Accurate Three-Dimensional Simulation Model for Pediatric Central Line Placement
Authors: Carver Ashley , Bjorklund Ashley , Broomhead Joseph , Graba Emily , Prabhu Sadhika , Fischer Gwenyth 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Intensive care unit patients can require a central venous catheter (CVC) which medical trainees often place. The purpose of this study was to create a novel three-dimensional (3D) printed model, based on actual patient anatomy from a de-identified computed tomography (CT) scan, with improved anatomy, tactile properties, and realism beyond current task trainers for pediatric CVC placement simulation. Bakken Center researchers converted CT DICOM slices into a 3D model using multiple computer programs and multiple 3D printers. Faculty of various subspecialties at our institution attempted to place a CVC line into the model and then evaluated the model in 5 categories using an anonymous REDCap survey. Fifteen faculty participated and fourteen completed their survey. Feedback, based on a 0–10 scale with 10 being highest, was as follows: the model's size scored an average of 8.4, the model's tactile properties scored a 6.1, the model's anatomy received a 7.1, the model's perceived usefulness for practicing central line placement received a 7.6, and the model received a 7.6 in regard to whether it should be utilized in procedural training curriculums. Additional comments were collected in the survey and participants requested that the model's blood vessels be fully visible on ultrasound and that the model be firmer. In conclusion, creating a 3D simulation model for pediatric CVC placement is possible.
A New Design Method for Obround Shells
Authors: Jin Yao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The design of obround components has been difficult and complex due to the absence of a suitable theoretical solution. Current design codes use empirical formulas based on assumptions to determine the minimum required thickness for obround components. The design process involves iteration. The results obtained are far from accurate. Based on a recently proposed closed-form solution, a new design method for obround components is developed. In the new method, an obround shell is imagined as being stretched laterally from a cylindrical shell or parent cylinder. With the flattened shell increasing, the thickness of the obround shell should increase accordingly, to keep the maximum hoop stress of obround shell consistent with the maximum hoop stress of the parent cylinder. The minimum requested thickness (MRT), of the obround shell is related to the MRT of the parent cylinder and the flattened shell length of the obround shell. Through parametric studies, those relationships are investigated. Empirical expressions are used to describe those relationships. Using the proposed design method, the determination of the MRT of obround members becomes the determination of the MRT of the parent cylinders and additional parameters. The MRT of obround members is determined directly. The case study demonstrates that the proposed method is an efficient and accurate design process for obround members. The use of new method for fitness-for-service was explored. The new method can be used to reassess operational safety in the event of vessel materials' deterioration.
Combustion of Raw Biogas/Hot Air in a Porous Radiant Burner and Performance Prediction Using a Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Dash Kishan , Acharya Saroj Kumar , Samantaray Sikata 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Combustion of raw biogas/hot air was performed in a porous radiant burner associated with a solar heater, and performance was predicted by a linear regression model using a machine learning algorithm. The test was conducted for the combustion of three different compositions of raw biogas mixtures having CO2 percentages of 25%, 30%, and 35% at the thermal load of 200–400 kW/m2. The hot air was supplied at an average temperature of 50 °C from the solar heater air supply system for proper combustion in lean mixture conditions. The porous radiant burner associated with a solar heater has offered radiation efficiency of 15.34–47.93%, NOX of 1–3.1 ppm, and CO of 25–87 ppm for three different compositions of raw biogas mixtures at the thermal load of 200–400 kW/m2 and equivalence ratio of 0.70–0.91. The increased radiation efficiency has indicated that the porous radiant burner can be an alternative for low-calorie fuel like raw biogas. Data analysis and processing have been performed using the machine learning algorithm, and the linear regression model has been developed using the python programming language. The error between predicted and experimentally calculated radiation efficiency is 1.67%.
A Multistage Nonlinear Method for Aeroengine Health Parameter Estimation Based on Adjacent Operating Points
Authors: Liu Kai , Xu Quanyong , Zhu Jihong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Health parameter estimation is the core of engine gas path analysis (GPA), which is widely adopted for engine safety improvement, as well as for operation and maintenance cost reduction. The major challenge of GPA lies in the contradiction between the high dimensions of parameters under estimation, e.g., health parameters, and the limited measurements obtainable from a small number of sensors. Existent GPA methods for health parameters commonly apply dimension reduction before estimation, leading to information loss and hence inaccurate estimation. To tackle the challenge of limited sensor measurements and to have more system outputs than parameters under estimation, we proposed to augment the output vector of the system model by combining the measurements from multiple adjacent operating points. But the engine model can face the problem of homogenization if using data from adjacent operating points. This can, in turn, lead to a low identifiability of parameters. We analyze the internal mechanism of such large deviation of the parameter estimation results based on linear models and argue for the need of nonlinear method. Hence, we propose a multistage nonlinear parameter estimation method for health parameters, combining biased and unbiased estimation. In our extensive simulations based on 10 output measurements of a JT9D engine, our method can estimate 130% more parameters than the widely used GPA method, while reducing the maximum estimation error of health parameters from 2.2% to 0.1%.