bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delusional disorder and delusions: is there a risk of violence in social interactions about the core symptom?
Authors: Taylor Pamela J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDelusional disorders are rare, but psychoses with prominent and persistent delusions are less so. A small but significant association between psychosis and violence is often mediated by delusions in such illnesses. Traditionally, delusions have been viewed as “incorrigible”, but there is evidence that they change over time.During development of a scale for measuring delusions, it was found that people who acted violently on their “most important” delusion were more likely to have modified that belief after a mild form of challenge to it. When cognitive–behaviour therapy (CBT) is used for schizophrenia, attempts to modify psychotic symptoms are generally included. Could studies of CBT provide further information about possible risks of social interactions about delusions?In the UK, 2000 people with schizophrenia have been in randomized controlled trials of CBT with a goal of symptom modification. These studies were examined for evidence of violence during the treatment. There was none. Given the period prevalence of violence among people with psychosis, this is surprising. In these studies, however, both challenge to delusions and change in them was minimal and in the context of a safe clinical relationship.Challenge to delusions may, however, occur in a variety of social situations. There are no systematic data on lay challenge to them, but it seems likely that some in the sufferer's social circle will do so vigorously. Relatives, friends, and acquaintances are the people most vulnerable to the most serious violence by someone with psychosis. Study of how people interact in these circumstances and whether their interactions are relevant to modification of delusions would be worthwhile. Could those close to a sufferer learn skills for responding to such pathological beliefs that could be protective against violence, perhaps derived from the principles of CBT?. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing the informed consent process: a conceptual overview
Authors: Eyler Lisa T. , Jeste Dilip V. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractConcern about limitations in the ability to give valid informed consent among certain groups of individuals has led to increased interest in defining, measuring, and enhancing consent‐related decision‐making. In this overview, we summarize issues related to the definition of decision‐making capacity, discuss methods that have been used to assess decision‐making abilities and other aspects of informed consent, and briefly describe studies that aim to understand variation in different elements of informed consent. We then review strategies that have been used with the intent of improving aspects of the informed consent process. Finally, we provide an outline of areas that are in need of future studies in order to reach the ultimate goal of preserving as much autonomy as possible in at‐risk populations, while still achieving valuable research and treatment goals. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Visualization of a Library of Dendronized Polyphenylacetylenes
Authors: Percec Virgil , Rudick Jonathan G. , Peterca Mihai , Staley Sasha R. , Wagner Martin , Obata Makoto , Mitchell Catherine M. , Cho Wook‐Dong , Balagurusamy Venkatachalapathy S. K. , Lowe James N. , Glodde Martin , Weichold Oliver , Chung Kyung J. , Ghionni Nicholas , Magonov Sergei N. , Heiney Paul A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA library of eleven high cis‐content cis‐transoidal polyphenylacetylenes (PPAs) dendronized with self‐assembling dendrons was prepared from a library of fifteen convergently synthesized macromonomers. Using [Rh(CCPh)(nbd)(PPh3)2] (nbd=2,5‐norbornadiene) in the presence of 10 equiv of N,N‐dimethylaminopyridine, predictive control over molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution are obtained. The PPA backbone serves as a helical scaffold for the self‐assembling dendrons. The dendron primary structure dictates the diameter of the cylindrical PPAs in bulk, both in the self‐organized hexagonal columnar (${{\Phi}{{\hfill \atop {\rm h}\hfill}}}$) lattice determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and in monolayers on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and mica visualized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Thermal and bulk phase characteristics of the cylindrical PPAs reinforces the generality that flexible polymer backbones adopt a helical conformation within the cylindrical macromolecules generated by polymers jacketed with self‐assembling dendrons.
Asymmetric Amplification by Kinetic Resolution Using A Racemic Reagent: Example in Amine Acetylation
Authors: Satyanarayana Tummanapalli , Kagan Henri B. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe reaction of a racemic reagent on a mixture of enantiomers with small ee (ee=enantiomeric excess) has been studied for amine acylation. A substantial asymmetric amplification could be realized, for example, from 67 to >95.5 ee. The combination of asymmetric amplifications is subsequently discussed. Two sequential asymmetric amplifications, one using a racemic reagent and another using a positive nonlinear effect allowed us to start from 1.5 % ee and end with a large amount of a product of 97 % ee.
Ethylene Oligomerisation and Polymerisation with Nickel Phosphanylenolates Bearing Electron‐Withdrawing Substituents: Structure–Reactivity Relationships
Authors: Kuhn Pierre , Sémeril David , Jeunesse Catherine , Matt Dominique , Neuburger Markus , Mota Antonio 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThree SHOP‐type catalysts, in which the CC(O) double bond was substituted by electron‐withdrawing substituents, [Ni{Ph2PC(R1)C(R2)O}Ph(PPh3)] (2: R1,R2 = C(Me)NN(Ph); 3: R1 = CO2Et, R2 = Ph; 4: R1 = CO2Et, R2 = CF3), were assessed as ethylene‐oligomerisation and ‐polymerisation catalysts and compared to Keim's complex, [Ni{Ph2PCHC(Ph)O}Ph(PPh3)] (1). A rationale for the influence of the double‐bond substituents of the P,O‐chelate unit on the catalytic properties is proposed, on the basis of X‐ray diffraction studies, spectroscopic data and DFT‐B3 LYP calculations. Whatever their relative electron‐withdrawing strength, the R1 and R2 substituents induce an increase in activity with respect to catalyst 1. For those systems in which the basicity of the oxygen atom is decreased relative to that of the phosphorus atom, the chain‐propagation rate increases with respect to that for catalyst 1. Reduction of the basicity of the P relative to that of the O, however, induces higher chain‐termination rates.
A Novel Strategy for the Key Fully Substituted Cyclopentenedione Moiety of Madindolines via AlEt3‐promoted Tandem Reductive Rearrangement of α‐Hydroxy Epoxides
Authors: Gao Shuan‐Hu , Jia Yan‐Xing , Zhao Xue‐Zhi , Tu Yong‐Qiang 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe fully substituted cyclopentenedione core of madindoline A (1) and B (2) as potent and selective inhibitor of IL‐6 has been synthesized efficiently. The quaternary carbon center C‐2′ was constructed on the basis of a newly developed AlEt3‐promoted tandem reductive rearrangement of α‐hydroxy epoxides.
Using Acetylene for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO in Excess Oxygen
Authors: Yu Shan‐Shan , Wang Xin‐Ping , Wang Chong , Xu Yan 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAcetylene as a reducing agent for selective catalytic reduction of NO (C2H2‐SCR) was investigated over a series of metal exchanged HY catalysts, in the reaction system of 0.16% NO, 0.08% C2H2, and 9.95% O2 (volume percent) in He. 75% of NO conversion to N2 with hydrocarbon efficiency about 1.5 was achieved over a Ce‐HY catalyst around 300 °C. The NO removal level was comparable with that of selective catalytic reduction of NOx by C3H6 reported in literatures, although only one third of the reducing agent in carbon moles was used in the C2H2‐SCR of NO. The protons in zeolite were crucial to the C2H2‐SCR of NO, and the performance of HY in the reaction was significantly promoted by cerium incorporation into the zeolite. NO2 was proposed to be the intermediate of NO reduction to N2, and the oxidation of NO to NO2 was rate‐determining step of the C2H2‐SCR of NO over Ce‐HY. The suggestion was well supported by the results of the NO oxidation with O2, and the C2H2 consumption under the conditions in the presence or absence of NO.
Evaluation of Two‐center One‐ and Two‐electron Integrals over Slater Type Orbitals
Authors: Yakar Yusuf , Özmen Ayhan , Atav Ülfet 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA formulation previously presented by the authors for coulomb integrals was generalized to other two‐center integrals, except exchange integral. Within this frame, molecular integrals were expressed in terms of some new functions closely related to the well‐known incomplete gamma functions and these functions recursively evaluated. Special issues arising in the case of hybrid integrals were addressed, and the results were compared with the ones found in the literature.
Influence of Low Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Concentration on the Interactions and Properties of Hemoglobin with Acyclovir
Authors: Liu Tian‐Qing , Guo Rong 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the properties of hemoglobin (Hb) at low CTAB concentration were studied in Hb/acyclovir/CTAB system by the methods of UV‐Vis spectrum, fluorescence, zeta potential, conductivity and negative‐staining transmission electron microscope (TEM). With the increase of CTAB concentration, the UV peak intensity at 276 nm, the intrinsic fluorescence, the zeta potential of Hb and the system conductivity were all enhanced. Hb was easily oxidized to oxyHb and hemichrome. In Hb/acyclovir/CTAB system, CTAB made the UV‐Vis spectrum, fluorescence, conductivity and conformation of Hb tend to be returned to those of the original Hb but the zeta potential not to do so. The UV absorption peak of Hb‐acyclovir complex disappeared, and the tight structure of Hb aroused by acyclovir was refolded. When CTAB concentration was higher than 5×10−5 mol/L, the two absorption peaks at 536 and 576 nm appeared again, and the Hb structure became looser again.
Investigation of the Inhibition of Cyanide on Metabolism of Fish Liver Mitochondria by Microcalorimetry
Authors: Li Hui‐Rong , Liu Yi , Dai Jie , Qin Cai‐Qin , Zhang Zhong‐Hai , Qu Song‐Sheng 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA microcalorimetric technique based on the metabolic heat‐output was explored to evaluate the inhibition of cyanide on the mitochondrial metabolism of aquatic animal, Cyprinus carpio. The power‐time curves could be divided into four parts:lag phase, active recovery phase, stationary phase, and decline phase, and the corresponding thermokinetic parameters were obtained. The maximum heat production rate Pmax decreased in a linear manner with the increase of concentration of cyanide, however, such mitochondria of aquatic animal were still metabolized actively even under the action of high concentration of cyanide. All the observations suggested that the mitochondria of this aquatic animal should exhibit considerable ability of cyanide‐resistant respiration.
Estimation of the Kinetic Parameters and the Critical Rate of Temperature Rise in the Thermal Explosion from the Exothermic Autocatalytic Decomposition of 3,4‐Bis(4′‐nitrofurazan‐3′‐yl)‐2‐oxofurazan (BNFOF) Using Non‐isothermal Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Authors: Zhao Feng‐Qi , Guo Peng‐Jiang , Hu Rong‐Zu , Zhang Hai , Xia Zhi‐Ming , Gao Hong‐Xu , Chen Pei , Luo Yang , Zhang Zhi‐Zhong , Zhou Yan‐Shui , Xiao Qin , Zhao Hong‐An , Gao Sheng‐Li , Shi Qi‐Zhen , Lu Gui‐E , Jiang Jin‐Yong 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA method of estimating the kinetic parameters and the critical rate of temperature rise in the thermal explosion for the autocatalytic decomposition of 3,4‐bis(4′‐nitrofurazan‐3′‐yl)‐2‐oxofurazan (BNFOF) with non‐isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was presented. The rate equation for the decomposition of BNFOF was established, and information was obtained on the rate of temperature increase in BNFOF when the empiric‐order autocatalytic decomposition was converted into thermal explosion.
Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure and Quantum Chemical Calculation of Novel Compound1,3‐Dimethyl‐2‐ferrocenylmethylbenzimidazolium Iodide
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yang Bing‐Qin , Zhu Hai‐Yan , Li Tao , Wen Zhen‐Yi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA novel benzimidazole derivative, 1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐ferrocenylmethylbenzimidazolium iodide (1) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, MS, 1H NMR and IR spectra. Its crystal structure was determined by X‐ray single crystal diffraction, and the title compound belongs to monoclinic system with space group P2(1)/c. According to the crystal structure, the quantum chemistry calculation was performed by Gaussian 03 program, and full geometry optimizations of the title compound were carried out with DFT method at B3LYP/6‐31G level. Its structure, stability, frontier molecular orbital components and net charge distribution were discussed.
Fast Determination of Essential Oil from Dried Menthol Mint and Orange Peel by Solvent Free Microwave Extraction Using Carbonyl Iron Powder as the Microwave Absorption Medium
Authors: Wang Zi‐Ming , Ding Lan , Wang Lu , Feng Jin , Li Tie‐Chun , Zhou Xin , Zhang Han‐Qi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAn improved solvent free microwave extraction, in which a kind of microwave absorption medium (carbonyl iron powder) was used, was applied to the extraction of essential oil from dried menthol mint and orange peel without addition of any solvent and pretreatment. It took much less time of extraction (30 min) than microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation (90 min) and conventional hydrodistillation (180 min). The kinds of chemical compositions in essential oil extracted by different methods were almost the same and such improved solvent free microwave extraction can be a feasible way in extraction of essential oil from dried plant materials.
Effect of Denaturant Concentration on Hen‐egg White Lysozyme Renaturation
Authors: Bian Liu‐Jiao , Yang Xiao‐Yan 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBased on three‐state renaturation process of denatured proteins, an equation describing the effect of denaturant concentration on renaturation yield of denatured proteins was presented. By this equation, two parameters n(m1−m2) and Ka can be obtained. The former indicates the difference in the number of denaturant molecules between the renaturation process of n number of refolding intermediates from refolding intermediate state to native state and their aggregate process from refolding intermediate state to aggregate state, the latter denotes the apparent aggregate equilibrium constant for protein molecules aggregated from native state to aggregate state, and from them, the characteristics of the renaturation process of denatured proteins in denaturant solution can be identified. This equation was tested by the renaturation processes of denatured egg white lysozyme in guanidine hydrochloride and urea solutions, with the results to show that when guanidine hydrochloride and urea concentrations were separately higher than 1.25 and 3.00 mol/L or separately lower than 1.00 and 3.00 mol/L, the refolding intermediates of egg white lysozymes were more easily aggregated to aggregate state or more easily renatured to native state, respectively. Under different initial total egg white lysozyme concentrations in urea solution, the refolding egg white lysozyme intermediates could be deduced to have a tendency to form a bimolecular intermediate aggregate, and this inference was further confirmed by their nonreducing SDS‐PAGE and size exclusion chromatography.
Study on Interaction of Ginsenosides with Bovine or Human Serum Albumin Using Wavelength Modulation Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor
Authors: Liu Xia , Sun Ying , Song Da‐Qian , Li Xu‐Wen , Zhang Qing‐Lin , Tian Yuan , Liu Zhong‐Ying , Zhang Han‐Qi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTo use a newly developed wavelength modulation surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, an experimental protocol was developed to investigate the interaction of ginsenosides with serum albumin. With a known concentration of the ginsenosides, bound percentages of the ginsenosides with human serum albumin (HSA) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) were obtained. SPR technique could require no labeling and this method provided the detailed information on association and disassociation of molecules in real time. The results indicate that the sensitivity of wavelength modulation SPR biosensor is sufficient for detection and characterization of binding events involving low‐molecular weight compounds and their immobilized protein targets.
Synthesis, Structure and Ion Extraction Properties of Novel Monooxa‐diselkylene‐1,ω‐dioxy Substituted Calix[4]arene Derivatives
Authors: Qin Da‐Bin , Zeng Xian‐Shun , Xu Feng‐Bo , Li Qing‐Shan , Zhang Zheng‐Zhi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractNovel macrocyclic monooxa‐diselkylene‐1,ω‐dioxy substituted calix[4]arene derivatives 1a–5a were synthesized by the reaction of calix[4]arene dibromides 1–5 with the disodium salt of bis(2‐selenylethyl)ether in the yields between 28% and 64%. Their structures were characterized by proton and carbon NMR spectra. X‐Ray structure analysis of 1a further confirmed the cone conformation of compounds 1a–5a. An interesting host‐guest complex of 1a with dichloromethane via CH/π and Cl/π interactions was elucidated. Extraction experiments showed that these novel monooxa‐diselkylene‐1,ω‐dioxy substituted calix[4]arene derivatives 1a–5a had strong extraction ability towards mercury ion. The interaction of Hg2+with the calix ligand has also been investigated by 1H NMR titration.
Diastereoselective Epoxidation of N‐Enoylsultams with Different Chiral Sultams as Auxiliaries
Authors: Zhang Shu‐Jia , Chen Yong‐Kang , Li Hui‐Ming , Huang Wei‐Yang , Rogatchov Viktor , Metz Peter 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAsymmetric epoxidation of N‐enoylsultams (1, 3–15) incorporating a variety of chiral sultams as the chiral induction elements with UHP/TFAA has been studied. Both diastereomeric isomers of epoxides (2, 16–28) were obtained in high yield and moderate to high optical purity.
Microwave‐promoted Beller Synthesis of N‐Substituted 2,3,3a,4,7,7a‐Hexahydroisoindole‐1,3‐diones
Authors: Da Chao‐Xi , Shou Wang‐Ge , Wang Yan‐Guang 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA rapid and facile synthesis of N‐substituted 2,3,3a,4,7,7a‐hexahydroisoindole‐1,3‐dione derivatives via microwave‐promoted Beller three‐component domino reaction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, amides and N‐substituted maleimides was described.
Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of [M(en)3](ndt)·H2O (M=NiII, CoII, MnII and ndt=1,5‐Naphthalenedithiolate)
Authors: Yu Jing‐Hua , Wei Yong‐Ge , Ding Chang‐Jiang , Du Hong‐Guang , Yan Sheng‐Gang , Guo Hong‐You 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThree novel compounds [Ni(en)3](ndt)·H2O (1), [Co(en)3](ndt)·H2O (2) and [Mn(en)3](ndt)·H2O (3) (en=ethylenediamine, ndt=1,5‐naphthalenedithiolate) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The structures were characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction and all belong to monoclinic space group Cc. The [M(en)3]2+ cations (M=NiII, CoII, MnII), ndt anions and crystallized water molecules assemble an iso‐structural three‐dimensional network through H‐bonding interactions. Optical absorption properties and band gaps of such three compouds were determined with UV/Vis/NIR diffuse reflectance spectra.
Conformational Transformation Exhibited by the Peptide Extracted from Crystalline Region of Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin in Solid and Solution States
Authors: Yao Ju‐Ming , Zhang Guo‐Qing , Lei Cai‐Hong 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe conformational transformation of a 30‐residue peptide H(Ala‐Gly‐Ser‐Gly‐Ala‐Gly)5OH, i.e., (AGSGAG)5, extracted from highly crystalline region of Bombyx mori (B. mori) silk fibroin was described by using the high resolution solid state 13C NMR, and CD spectroscopies. Based on the conformation‐dependent 13C NMR chemical shifts of the Ala, Gly and Ser residues and the line‐shape analysis of the conformation sensitive Ala Cβ resonance, the peptide revealed a strong preference for silk II structural form, i.e., an antiparallel β‐sheet structure (ø=−140±20° and ψ=135±20°) in solid state. On the contrary, the CD spectra of this peptide in the two non‐native hexafluorinated fibre spinning solvents, hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and hexafluoroacetone (HFA), exhibited the existence of an unusual tightly‐folded conformation resembling 310‐helix (ø=−60±20° and ψ=−30±20°), as judged from the R ratio of [θ]222/[θ]203 in HFIP solution, whereas a dynamically averaged unordered structure in HFA. Taken together, the information inclined to hypothesis that the primary structure of the highly crystalline regions of B. mori silk fibroin may be easily accessible to the large conformational changes, which in turn may be critical for facilitating the structural transformation from unprocessed silk fibroin (silk I form) to processed silk fiber (silk II form).
Optimization of an OFDM Rayleigh fading system
Authors: Varzakas P. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAn OFDM cellular system operating in a Rayleigh fading environment is described and its spectral efficiency is estimated in terms of the theoretically achievable average channel capacity (in the Shannon sense) per user. The analysis covers the operation over a downlink cellular time‐varying link and leads to a simple novel closed‐form expression for the optimal number of individual OFDM subcarriers, based on the maximization of the achieved spectral efficiency. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exact closed‐form symbol error rate of arbitrary rectangularM‐QAM over Rayleigh fading for two‐branch transmit diversity
Authors: Liu Hong‐Yu , Yen Rainfield Y. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBy using a ‘pre‐averaging method’, we successfully derive an exact closed‐form symbol error rate (SER) expression for the particular case of two transmit‐one receive antenna diversity system employing arbitrary rectangularM‐QAM signalling over flat Rayleigh fading. Fading between branches are assumed independent. Both identical and distinct branch powers are considered. The closed‐form SER obtained is in terms of elemental functions containing no unevaluated integrals nor lengthy and complicated transcendental functions. Simulation results show that squareM‐QAM outperforms rectangularM‐QAM for a given sizeM. Monte Carlo simulation results are found in excellent agreements with theoretical results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive and reliable video transmission over UMTS for enhanced performance
Authors: Alexiou Antonios , Antonellis Dimitrios , Bouras Christos 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis paper proposes a mechanism for the congestion control for video transmission over universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). Our scheme is applied when the mobile user experiences real‐time multimedia content and adopts the theory of a widely accepted rate control method in wired networks, namely equation‐based rate control. In this approach, the transmission rate of the multimedia data is determined as a function of the packet loss rate, the round trip time and the packet size and the server explicitly adjusts its sending rate as a function of these parameters. Furthermore, we examine the performance of the UMTS for real‐time video transmission using real‐time protocols. Through a number of experiments, we measure performance parameters such as end‐to‐end delay, delay in radio access network, delay jitter and throughput in the wireless link. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.