bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Post Therapy Breast
Authors: ALBERTYN LYNDA E 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTBoth systemic and local therapy, for conditions of the breast and unrelated to it, may produce manuno‐graphic changes. Some of these are characteristic, such as the pattern of scarring seen in reduction mammo‐plasty. In many other instances, however, the changes produced overlap features commonly seen in malignancy. A knowledge of the timing, natural history and spectrum of these changes will aid mammographic interpretation.
Comparison of Duplex Ultrasound with Angiography in Assessment of Carotid Bifurcation Disease
Authors: YOUNG N. , SOO Y.S. , R.N. PAUL FISCHER 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis is a study comparing duplex ultrasound against the “gold standard” of angiography in assessing atherosclerotic disease of the carotid bifurcation, prior to prospective endarterectomy surgery.Thirty‐nine patients were studied with both sonography and angiography studies being performed within one month of each other. Plaques were described by sonography as being “smooth” or “irregular” in surface and “homogeneous” or “heterogeneous” in composition.Ultrasound showed an overall 92% sensitivity, against the standard of angiography, in its ability to assess the degree of internal carotid stenosis. There was only a 63% sensitivity with the common carotid arteries and only a 65% sensitivity with the external carotid arteries.Ultrasound did not show a high accuracy in detecting plaque ulceration when compared against angio‐graphy.
Meckel Syndrome: Prenatal Ultrasonographic Diagnosis in Two Cases Showing Marked Differences in Phenotypic Expression
Authors: GALLIMORE ANDREW P. , DAVIES PETER F. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTwo consecutive siblings with the Meckel‐Gruber syndrome are presented. They demonstrate variation in phenotypic expression which may render diagnosis difficult when the pattern of malformation is significantly different from that traditionally accepted. The diagnosis was only made with confidence because a sibling with typical features had been seen first. The usefulness of ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis, even when the abnormalities are atypical, is well illustrated.
Efficacy of Fetal Part Elevation to Visualise Internal Cervical Os
Authors: WELLS SCOTT‘ W. , ANDERSON NIGEL G. , ALLAN RICHARD B. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe diagnosis or exclusion of placenta previa is best achieved by direct visualisation of the relationship of the lower edge of the placenta to the internal cervical os. In later pregnancy, the presenting fetal part frequently obscures this area. Elevation of the presenting part was attempted in 56 consecutive pregnancies of greater than 30 weeks gestation, with a success rate of 71%. This confirms that in a minority of pregnancies, other manoeuvres or ultrasound techniques are necessary to visualke the lower placental margin directly.
An Analysis of Reported Discomfort Caused by Mammographic X‐Ray Amongst Attenders at an Australian Pilot Breast Screening Program
Authors: COCKBURN J. , CAWSON J. , HILL D. , LUISE T. DE 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe aims of the study were to describe levels of discomfort experienced by women undergoing screening mammography; examine correlates of discomfort experienced and to examine whether the degree of discomfort experienced was perceived as a deterrent for re‐screening.The study involved ninety five attenders at the pilot mammography screening program in Melbourne, Victoria. Women completed a questionnaire one or two days after having a screening mammogram. Pain was assessed on a seven point scale. Information was obtained on a number of possible correlates such as breast tenderness, perceptions of the service received and expectations of discomfort. Eighty‐eight women were re‐interviewed three months later about recall of discomfort and whether this would deter them from future mammography.Results were as follows: Thirty per cent of women reported no discomfort, 60% mild or moderate discomfort and 10% severe discomfort or worse. The degree of discomfort reported was not significantly related to age, breast tenderness in the previous three days, previous symptoms, previous mammographic experience, or outcome of visit. The degree of discomfort was related to retrospectively reported expectation of discomfort (r=.336; p=.001); reported lack of confidence in the staff taking the X‐ray (r=.184; p=.039); perceptions of awkwardness (r=.175; p=.049) and unpleasantness (r=.297; p=.002) of the examination position. No woman said discomfort would definitely stop her having another screening mammogram. Three per cent said that it might stop them, while 97% of women said that it would not stop them at all.We therefore recommend that information on the possibility of discomfort be given routinely to women at the time of undergoing screening mammography.
Air in Epidural Haematomas
Authors: TEWARI M.K. , BHATOE H.S. , THAKUR R.C. , KAK V.K. , KHANDELWAL N. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAir in epidural haematoma is an uncommon finding. It is usually seen if epidural haematoma is associated with fracture involving one of the air sinuses, but can be seen at, times in the absence of any demonstrable fracture on the CT scan. Seven such cases are described in the present communication and the significance of this finding discussed.
Temporomandibular Joint Air in Fractures of the Skull Base
Authors: MERCURI V. , HOUSE R.J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTBasilar skull fractures involving the temporal bone extend through the tympanic part of the temporal bone in two‐thirds of cases. The anatomical relationship of this part of the temporal bone and the temporomandibular joint enables air to pass from the auditory canal into the joint. Air in the temporomandibular joint is demonstrated on CT scans as an indirect sign of temporal bone fracture.
Anomalous Peritoneal Folds of the Duodenum A Normal Variant Simulating Disease
Authors: LOW V.H.S. , DAVIS S.J. , YOONG M.F.P. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe double contrast barium meal appearance of four cases is presented where an anomalous peritoneal fold involves the duodenum. This fold results in a characteristic smooth, extrinsic indentation upon the antero‐superior surface of the duodenal cap. This normal variant should be differentiated from distortion of this region due to pathology such as peptic ulceration.Anomalous peritoneal folds which involve the duodenum (cysto‐duodenal ligament, cysto‐gastrocolic ligament) are not believed to cause symptoms (1). However, the recognition of the deformity produced by these folds is important, requiring differentiation from pathological changes.Over a period of seven years, we encountered four cases with this finding.
Anaphylactoid Reaction to Iopamiro (After Pretreatment)
Authors: ROBERTS M. , FISHER M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA patient is described with a past history of an anaphylactoid reaction to contrast media who reacted to nonionic contrast media after pretreatment with antihistamines and steroids.The available options to reduce the incidence of reactions include use of non‐ionic contrast which has a reported lower frequency than ionic contrast15 or some form of pretreatment. Various forms of pretreatment have been described and in the majority steroids and antihistamines are used. We describe a patient who reacted to nonionic contrast after a pretreatment regime.
Intracerebral Ganglioglioma
Authors: VOWODIC F. , SAGE M.R. , BROPHY B.P. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA case of a rare intracerebral tumour, namely a ganglioglioma, is reported to illustrate the CT and MRI features. The finding of focal thinning of the inner skull vault in association with an adjacent intracerebral mass lesion can aid in the diagnosis of intracerebral ganglioglioma.
An Evaluation of the Effect of Processing Conditions on Mammographic Film Contrast, Fog Levels and Speed
Authors: McLEAN DONALD 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTWhile it is well established that extended development times and temperatures will increase mammographic film contrast and speed (1), little work has been done to date in extending this work to encompass all common screen‐film types and to study the effect of processing chemistry variations on contrast speed results.This paper reports on four locally available mammographic films which, after exposure in conditions that closely simulate clinical conditions, have been developed with four different development chemicals as a function of development temperature and time. Three development times were used (23, 32 and 42 seconds) in combination with four development temperatures (32,34, 36 and 38 degrees).The results support the previously published result of increased speed and contrast with extending development time and temperature. It was further found that, for some film types, the film contrast varied significantly over film density when developed with extended processing. Other film types, however, maintained high contrasts over large film density ranges. In some cases the increased contrast was accompanied by elevated film fog levels. The development of mammographic films in non recommended chemistries produced varying results, mostly detrimental, which demonstrated that selection of development chemistry as well as optimal development times and temperatures, is critical for good film performance.
Iodine‐125 Irradiation of Choroidal Melanoma: Clinical Experience from the Prince of Wales and Sydney Eye Hospitals
Authors: MAMEGHAN HEDY , KAROLIS CHRIS , FISHER RICHARD , MAMEGHAN JILL , BILLSON FRANK A. , DONALDSON EDGAR J. , GIBLIN MICHAEL E. , HUNYOR ALEX B.L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTWe examined the records of 53 patients treated for choroidal melanoma between 1985 and 1989. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and short‐term results of iodine‐125 episcleral plaque therapy. There were 28 males and 25 females, aged 20 to 77 years (median 61 years), treated for single tumours with a median diameter of 9mm (range 5 to 15mm) and with a median thickness of 4mm (range 2 to 10mm). The plaques containing iodine‐125 seeds were chosen according to tumour size: 10mm (16 patients); 15mm (36 patients); 20mm (one patient). All patients are alive at last follow‐up (median 1.3 years, range 4 months to 3.3 years). Four patients underwent enucleation for melanoma progression. Thirty patients have developed some type of complication (more than one complication occurred in the same eye in 12 patients): retinitis (19), optic neuropathy (7); cataract (41, rubeosis iridis (2). Overall, visual acuity deteriorated in 32 patients, remained stable in 12 patients and improved in 9 patients. Iodine‐125 plaque therapy appears to offer patients good prospects of tumour control and preservation of useful vision.
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: GAUDEN S.J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA patient with pure primary quamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is reported. The patient was a 72 year old female who presented with a 4 month history of an enlarging left breast mass. Surgery involved a radical mastectomy and this was followed by post‐operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The patient died of extensive metastatic disease some four months after surgery.The various characteristics of SCC of the breast are briefly discussed. A sub‐group of SCC of the breast is identified among reported cases in which the clinical course is characterised by a very rapid growth, extremely aggressive behaviour and early metastasis.
Percutaneous Drainage of a Thigh Haematoma: Case Report of an Unusual Radiographic Appearance
Authors: CARTER E.A. , DAVIES R.P. , DAVEY R.B. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTWe present a case of fat necrosis in the thigh of a ten year old girl, resulting in unusual multiple, ovoid filling defects seen in the residual cavity following drainage of a subcutaneous haematoma. No similar cases have been found on review of the literature. The appearance is described to aid diagnosis at the time of initial cavity drainage, avoiding the need for further investigation.
Use of percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty to treat renovascular disease
Authors: YOUNG NOEL , WONG K.P. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis is a retrospective study of the ability of percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA) to treat hypertension and renal impairment in patients with haemo‐dynamically significant renal artery stenoses (those over 50%).Thirty‐two patients underwent PTA procedure in a 4 year study period. Seventeen were male, 15 female, with an average age of 61 years. Thirty patients had atherosclerosis and 2 had fibromuscular hyperplasia (FMH) lesions. The procedure was technically unsuccessful in 28% of 37 arteries attempted, primarily in the > 80% stenosis group. The mean clinical follow‐up period was 20 months.In those patients with technically successful PTAs, none was cured, with no change in the status of hypertension or medication required.Clinical improvement was seen in 37% (7 of 19) patients with atherosclerotic disease and who had PTA of significant unilateral lesions or of the haemodynamically signifi cant side in cases of bilateral disease.Two patients with FMH lesions had improvement. Five patients with PTA of only one side in cases of significant bilateral disease gained no benefit. Nine patients with preexistent renal insufficiency and technically successful PTAs had no improvement of renal function. No mortality or any significant morbidity resulted from the procedure.These results are more compatible with more recent than the earlier literature.
The bony crescent sign ‐a new sign of facial nerve schwannoma
Authors: WATTS ALISON , FAGAN PAUL 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSchwannomas of the facial nerve are rare slowly growing lesions that have a predilection for the geniculate ganglion. Radiological evaluation is important in their diagnosis and in the assessment of their extent.In our series of 4 cases the facial nerve schwannoma was seen on high resolution CT as a soft tissue mass bounded anteriorly by a thin rim of bone. This bony crescent sign is a previously undescribed sign of facial nerve schwannoma which appears on the basis of this small series to be strongly indicative of the presence of this tumour.Schwannomas are relatively uncommon intracranial tumours. They most commonly involve the acoustic nerve followed in frequency by the trigeminal nerve. Other cranial nerves are rarely involved. Facial nerve schwannomas occur ring within the petrous temporal bone are very rare. Their diagnosis may be missed prospectively even when appropriate CT scans are per formed. Even in retrospect the site of abnormality may be difficult to identify, especially if there is an associated middle ear mass such as a cholesteatoma.Lesions occurring in the petrous area are all rare. The differential diagnosis includes cholesterol granuloma, epidermoid, carotid aneurysm and, very rarely, primary and secondary bone tumours.We describe a new sign associated with facial nerve schwannoma on CT, that of a bony crescent. Recognition of this sign makes those tumours arising in the region of the geniculate ganglion easy to diagnose prospectively.
Foetal radiation dose in radiotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: NGU S.L. CHARLES , DUVAL PETER , COLLINS CATHRYN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTManagement of breast cancer during pregnancy is complicated by the high risks of abortion and foetal malformation from the use of radio therapy and chemotherapy. A case of breast cancer during pregnancy, treated with radiotherapy, and the estimated foetal dose is reported.
Enterogenous cyst of the cervical spinal canal
Authors: LEA M.E. , SAGE M.R. , BILLS D. , BROPHY B. , BLUMBERGS P. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA case of an enterogenous cyst of the cervical spinal canal in an 18 year old man is presented, high lighting the radiological findings. A brief overview is given of these rare cysts, together with their clinical and radiological features and associations.
Organo‐axial volvulus of the sigmoid colon
Authors: JANZEN DENNIS L. , HEAP STUART W. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA 59 year old man presented with subacute abdominal distension. and diarrhea. Plain radiographs and barium enema demonstrated organoaxial volvulus of the sigmoid colon. The radiologic, surgical, and pathologic findings are presented. The radiologic differences between organoaxial volvulus and the common mesenteroaxial volvulus of the sigmoid colon are discussed.
Neoplastic involvement of the sacroiliac joint: MR and CT features
Authors: SILBERSTEIN M. , HENNESSY O. , LAU L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe radiological findings in five patients with pelvic sort tissue neo plasms directly involving the sacroiliac joint, are described. All patients had Computed Tomography (CT) examinations, two of the patients also having Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The role of imaging in this uncommon entity is discussed as well as the importance of making this diagnosis, thereby excluding unilateral sacroiliitis.The therapeutic implications of this diagnosis relate to local neural involvement, especially the sciatic nerve, and the fact that involvement of the sacroiliac joint by tumors significantly compromises chances of a successful surgical outcome. The role of MR in this condition is not yet certain, but it may prove to be the method of choice in view of its excellent depiction of skeletal neo plasms.
Wegener's granulomatosis: parotid involvement and associated pancreatitis with C.T. findings
Authors: STUCKEY S.L. , SMART P.J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTParotid enlargement is an uncommon physical sign and even less commonly the reason for referral for computerised tomography (CT) as the aetiology isusually self‐evident. In cases referred for CT examination Wegener's granulo matosis should be considered, particularly if the pathology appears bilateral. This diagnosis may be confirmed by biopsy and/or supported by Anti‐Neutrophil Cyto plasmic Antibody (ANCA) assay.A case of Wegener's granulo matosis with parotid gland invlove ment and temporally related pan creatitis with pseudocyst formation is reported. This is the second reported case of possible pancreatic involvement in Wegeners granulo matosis and approximately the tenth reported case of salivary gland involvement.
Magnetic resonance appearances of developmental disc anomalies in the lumbar spine
Authors: DESMOND PATRICIA M. , BUIRSKI GRAHAM 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT Developmental anomalies of the lumbar spine are common. The disc between anomalous segments has a characteristic appearance on sagittal T2 MR images, not previously described. These have been classified into two types: transitional (where there is only partial fusion of bony segments), or rudimentary (where there is complete fusion of the two adjacent vertebral bodies). Both types produce discs that are smaller than adjacent, normal, mobile, lumbar disc segments. Disc signal intensity, from the anomalous segment, is normal, but the disc lacks an intranuclear cleft. Consideration of these appearances allows identification and differentiation from the normal, mobile lumbar disc in the absence of plain radiographs. Knowlege of such discs permits the application of accurate nomenclature to disc abnormalities above anomalous levels.
Aortic occlusion in nonspecific aortoarteritis (Takayasu disease): incidence and spectrum of involvement
Authors: SHARMA SANJIV , RAJANI MIRA 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT Nonspecific aortoarteritis (Takayasu disease) is a primary arteritis of unknown etiology which commonly involves the aorta, and results in stenosis, occlusion, dilatation or formation of aneurysm in the involved segment. Of these, occlusion is the most rare form of involvement, and is usually reported to occur in the abdominal aorta. Only one case of aortic arch occlusion has been reported. We retrospectively studied the frequency and sites of aortic occlusion in 110 consecutive patients who underwent digital subtraction angiography. Aortic occlusion was seen in three (2.7%) patients, and involved the abdominal aorta in two, and the aortic arch in one patient. The clinical presentation in all three patients was with systemic hypertension and lower limb claudication. The detection and localization of the aortic occlusion is important since this has practical implications in the management of these patients. Intravenous digital subtraction angiography is usually adequate for the diagnostic assessment.
Aneurysm of the common carotid artery as a sequel of puncture angiography
Authors: VINDUŠA VLADIMIR , HEJNAL JAROSLAV , KAREL WEISS , TOMÁS MACH , PAVEL FIRT 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT The case of a 60‐year‐old man with a large aneurysm of the common carotid artery, which manifested five months after puncture angiography, is described. This was successfully managed by aneurysm exclusion and aortocarotid bypass. The etiology of the aneurysm is discussed.
Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging at 0.3 T, based on clinical follow up of 3262 examinations
Authors: SILBERSTEIN MORRY , TRESS BRIAN M , ROSSITER STEPHEN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The results of 4504 0.3 T magnetic resonance (MR) examinations, of which 3262 had clinical follow up are described. The overall true positive rate of MR imaging was 72%, with a range of 69–100%. While the best results were obtained for evaluation of spinal cord syrinx and normal cerebral examinations, 31% of patients with cerebral demyelination were incorrectly diagnosed. The false positive rate was relatively low (3–5% in most cases), but a significant 17% of patients considered to have normal cerebral examinations were later shown to have pathology. While the true positive rate of magnetic resonance imaging was greater than that of the suspected clinical diagnosis (37% correct), the results of this assessment at 0.3 T are significantly poorer than those previously published at 1.5 T.
Breast cysts: Pitfalls in sonographic diagnosis
Authors: KHALEGHIAN ROWSHAN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Ultrasound examination of the breast is extensively carried out to differentiate cystic from solid masses. Ten atypical cysts are presented that do not fulfil all the criteria for the ultrasonic diagnosis of breast cysts. These had internal echoes and some showed irregular contours or diminished through transmission. Diagnostic aspiration confirmed the cystic nature of these lesions. None showed cytologic evidence of malignancy or haemorrhage. The purpose of this paper is to bring this entity to the attention of radiologists so that echogenic cysts are considered in the differential diagnosis of well defined, solid appearing breast masses seen on ultrasound.
A simplified puncture technique to reduce contamination with bodily fluids
Authors: LANNAN MICHAEL JOHN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY A simplified method of percutaneous wire placement is described, designed to decrease the amount of aerosol or spurting bodily fluids associated with wire placement. The technique involves minor modification of standard puncture techniques without the use of additional equipment. The technique has been successfully used in 22 patients and there have been no complications associated specifically with this technique.
Radiology of starch granulomatous peritonitis
Authors: KEATING J P , GRUNEWALD B , JACK B 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Starch granulomatous peritonitis (SGP) is a rare complication of abdominal surgery that results, in a susceptible individual, from contamination of the peritoneal cavity with starch particles from the surgeon's gloves. It is important to make the diagnosis of SGP without recourse to re‐operation as the optimal treatment is non‐surgical. A case of SGP that was confirmed only after re‐operation and resection of the involved tissues is reported. The first description of an abdominal computed tomography scan in this condition is presented, the significance of which was only recognized postoperatively.