bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunologic significance of increased soluble CD8/CD4 molecules in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sawada S. , Hashimoto H. , Iijima S. , Tokano Y. , Takei M. , Shida M. , Obara T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study attempted to estimate soluble CD4(sCD4)/CD8(sCD8) molecules in active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Measurements were made by solid‐phase enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. sCD8 or sCD4 molecules were significantly increased in the patients as compared to control subjects. sCD8 correlated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. sCD4 correlated with the anti DNA antibody titer, the IgG concentration, and negatively with the complement titer. An association of these molecules with immunologic abnormalities and disease activity exists in SLE patients. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Production of hydrogen peroxide by neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes in patients with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Watanabe Asako , Tomino Yasuhiko , Yokoyama Ken‐Ichi , Koide Hikaru 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), n‐formyl‐I‐methionyl‐IIeucyl‐I‐phenylalanine (FMLP), aggregated human IgG, or Staphylococcus aureus was determined in 36 patients with non‐insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). H2O2 production by PMN after stimulation was measured using flow cytometry. Thirty‐six patients with NIDDM were divided into four stages as follows: 1) stage I: non‐microalbuminuric stage;2) stage II: microalbuminuric stage; 3) stage III: proteinuric stage without impairment of renal function; and 4) stage IV: proteinuric stage with impairment of renal function. H2O2 production after PMA stimulation in all stages of NIDDM patients was higher than that in healthy controls. This increase of H2O2 production by PMN was particularly observed in stage IV of NIDDM patients after stimulation. Furthermore, H2O2 production in patients in stage IV was higher than that in patients with non‐diabetic disease with impairment of renal function.It appears that reactive oxygen species produced by PMN after stimulation under some conditions may play an important role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Specificity of an immunochemical reagent for quantifying the isoforms of creatine kinase‐MB
Authors: Christenson Robert H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFractionation of the creatine kinase‐MB isoforms is promising for use in diagnosing acute myocardial infarction and for monitoring myocardial perfusion status after thrombolytic therapy. An immunochemical reagent intended for use in fractionating the MB1 and MB2 isoforms of creatine kinase‐MB was examined before and after immunoextraction, qualitatively by visually examining electrophoresis separation of various MB1 and MB2 mixtures, and quantitatively by comparing the observed and predicted enzymatic activity ofvarious MB1 and MB2 mixtures. Qualitatively the reagent showed greater reactivity for MB1 than for MB2, as demonstrated by a marked decrease in the MB1 electrophoretic region following immunoextraction. Quantitatively, the reagent consistently eliminated about 75% of MB1 activity; however, the assay also eliminated about 40% of MB2 activity from isoform mixtures. Although the performance of the immunochemical reagent was not ideal, the greater reactivity for MB1 may have clinical use. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Double immunochemical screening test (hemoglobin and albumin) for the detection of occult intestinal bleeding
Authors: Otto Szabolcs , Nemeth MÁRia 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe authors have developed a combined electrophoretic‐immunoprecipitation technique suitable for the simultaneous demonstration of two blood proteins, i.e., hemoglobin and albumin, in the feces. The analytical sensitivity of the method is 2 μg hemoglobin and albumin/ml. The technique is simple, inexpensive, and suitable for the reliable demonstration of occult intestinal bleeding for either inpatients or mass screening. This technique is an aid not only to the fact that bleeding can be detected, but to its intensity, as well. This new technique improves the diagnostic accuracy of early detection of carcinomas and polyps, presumably without raising significantly the number of “false‐positive” reactions. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of radioimmunoassays on microplate: Application for CA‐GI and CA‐Br tumor markers
Authors: Wu James T. , Erali Maria 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBy taking advantage of a newly available microplate counter for radioactivity and the organic solvent‐resistant, pigmented microplates, we have successfully established radioimmunoassays (RIA) for both CA‐GI and CA‐BR on microplate for routine clinical use. In the process of assay development, we found that both pigmented PicoPlate, made of acrylonitrile, and polystyrene Microlite 2 can be coated with antialpha fetoprotein (AFP) and antinerve growth factor (NGF) and used for setting up immunoassays for AFP and nerve growth factors. There were no problems following a test format of either competitive binding or sandwich design. Microlites 2 is recommended over PicoPlate because Microlites 2 is made of polystyrene, which is less expensive and separable into 8‐well strips or even single wells. Single‐well separation allows for the use of regular gamma counters in case Topcount is unavailable. We also found that the sensitivity of these tests was not significantly affected even though Topcount counts the weaker beta emissions.Similar dose‐response curves could also be generated between original Biomira tube assays and assays using PicoPlate or Microlite 2 coated with protein antigens CA‐Br and CA‐GI. Excellent correlations were also obtained between the microplate assays and the Biomira tube assays for CA‐GI and CA‐Br using groups of serum specimens from cancer patients. We recommend the development of various RIAs on the microplate: it requires less reagents and less sample handling by the technologists and it can be essentially automated. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of antibody IgG to HIV‐1 in urine by sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) using recombinant proteins as antigens for diagnosis of HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Hashida Seiichi , Hirota Kouichi , Hashinaka Kazuya , Saitoh Atsushi , Nakata Atsuo , Shinagawa Hideo , Oka Shinichi , Shimada Kaoru , Mimaya Jun‐Ichi , Matsushita Shuzo , Ishikawa Eiji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFor diagnosis of HIV‐1 infection, attempts were made to detect anti‐HIV‐1 IgG in urine by sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) using recombinant reverse transcriptase (RT) and p 17 as antigens. Anti‐HIV‐1 IgG in urine was reacted simultaneously with 2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐bovine serum albumin‐recombinant protein conjugate and recombinant proteinenzyme conjugate. The enzymes used as labels were horseradish peroxidase for RT and Escherichia coli β‐D‐galactosidase for p17. The complex formed, consisting of the three components, was trapped onto polystyrene balls coated with affinity‐purified (anti‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl group) IgG, eluted with ∈N‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐L‐lysine and transferred to polystyrene balls coated with affinity‐purified (anti‐human IgG γ‐chain) IgG. Finally, bound enzyme activity was assayed by fluorometry. Urine samples were collected from 100 seronegative subjects and 70 seropositive subjects. The sensitivity and specificity were both 100% with unconcentrated urine samples. The positivity was confirmed by preincubation of urine samples with excess of the antigens. The positivity and negativity with one of the two antigens could be confirmed with the other antigen. The positivity with low signals could be confirmed by concentration of urine samples. Detection of anti‐HIV‐1 IgG in urine by the immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay using different antigens would make diagnosis of HIV‐1 infection possible. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variable‐region subgroup distribution among λ‐type immunoglobulins in normal human serum
Authors: Abe Masahiro , Ozaki Shuji , Wolfenbarger Dennis , Debram‐Hart Mary , Weiss Deborah T. , Solomon Alan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe distribution of the major VL subgroups (VλI, VλII, VλIII, VλIV, VλVI, and VλVIII) among λ‐type immunoglobulins (Igs) in normal serum was determined by a sandwich enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a panel of murine anti‐human Vλ‐subgroup‐specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and appropriate reference standard proteins. The mean concentration of λI, λII, λIII, λIV, λVI, and λVIII Igs in serum specimens obtained from 23 adults was 2158, 162, 1958, 264, 225, and 169 μg/mL and represented 44, 3, 40, 5, 5, and 3% of the total Igλ population, respectively. The low percentage of λII Igs in normal serum was in marked contrast to the ∼40% incidence of this Vλ subgroup found among λ‐type Bence Jones proteins and monoclonal serum Igs obtained from patients with multiple myeloma and AL amyloidosis, or ∼60% in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. The non‐random expresson of the VλII subgroup in these diseases implies a relationship between Vλ‐gene usage and plasma cell, as well as certain types of lymphocytic dyscrasias. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In situ localization of transforming growth factor‐β 1 mRNA in the rat kidney with Masugi nephritis
Authors: Oguchi Satohiro , Yamada Shuhei , Oguchi Hisao , Nakane Paul K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMasugi nephritis was induced in rats by the administration of nephrotoxic duck serum and, in their kidneys, the distributions of transforming growth factor‐β 1 (TGF‐β 1) mRNA, TGF‐β 1, and macrophage antigenic marker were investigated. Kidney specimens were obtained at 3, 7, and 14 days after the injection. By in situ hybridization, TGF‐β 1 mRNA was found to be localized in the cells of mesangial region from the early stage of nephritis. By the immunohistochemical stainings, TGF‐β 1 was found to be localized in the cells of distal convoluted tubulus throughout the experiments and the macrophage antigenic marker was found to be localized in the occasional cells which were different from that contained TGF‐β 1 mRNA. Our data indicate that TGF‐β 1 mRNA is expressed by the resident glomerular cells and not by the migrating macrophages in rat kidney with Masugi nephritis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hormonal modulation of herpes simplex virus replication in a mouse neuroblastoma cell line
Authors: Sawiris Gamil P. , Sydiskis Robert J. , Bashirelahi Nasir 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this study, the effect of the synthetic glucocorticoid hormone dexamethasone (DXM) on HSV replication was studied in a DXM receptor‐positive mouse neuroblastoma (NB) cell line. In cells treated with 10−7M DXM and then infected with HSV, there was a statistically significant 9–18‐fold increase in the amount of virus produced in these cells compared to untreated controls. Adsorption kinetic studies with HSV were performed in DXM‐treated NB cells and untreated controls. It was found that there was a significant increase in the adsorption rate of HSV in the DXM‐treated cells as compared with the controls. During the course of these studies, a strain of NB cells was noted to have lost its ability to stimulate HSV replication following DXM treatment. Receptor binding assays were performed on cytosols prepared from NB cells that responded with an increase in HSV titers to DXM treatment and the new strain of NB cells that was DXM refractile. These latter cells were found to have lost their DXM receptors. These results indicate that the modulation of HSV replication of DXM treated cells was regulated by the presence of DXM receptors in these cells. Once lost, the cells do not respond to DXM treatment with increased HSV replication. These observations may lead to a clinical assay to determine patients with high glucocorticoid levels who may be at risk of recurrent herpes infections. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenylate kinase mimics creatine kinase‐MM isoenzyme in a CK isoenzyme electrophoresis assay
Authors: Murthy Vadiraja V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAdenylate kinase activity (AK) originating from erythrocytes, present in hemolyzed serum behaves like creatine kinase MM isoenzyme (CK‐MM) in some CK electrophoresis assays that employ, in their visualization reagent kits, adenosine monophosphate (AMP) as the sole inhibitor of AK, rather than a combination of AMP and a more potent inhibitor of erythrocyte AK, diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap5A), to inhibit all contaminating‐AK activities in serum and quantify only the CK isoenzyme activities in serum following electrophoretic fractionation on agarose gel. This can spuriously overestimate the CK‐MM fraction and thereby result in underestimation of CK‐MM or CK‐BB isoenzymes if present. A hemolyzed serum sample obtained from an elderly patient was erroneously reported as containing low CK‐MB due to such overestimation of CK‐MM fraction in the sample. Supplementing the AMP already present in the visualization reagent formulation, used to estimate CK isoenzyme concentration in serum, with Ap5A can eliminate or effectively minimize AK interference, especially that caused by hemolysis, and thereby prevent reporting false‐negative CK‐MB result obtained with CK isoenzyme electrophoresis assays. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activity of antiphospholipid antibody ELISA cofactor in different animal sera
Authors: McCarthy Jennifer M. , Wagenkencht Dawn R. , McIntyre John A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA plasma protein cofactor, β2‐glycoprotein I (β2GPI), also known as apolipoprotein H, is necessary to detect certain antiphospholipid antibodies (aPA) to negatively charged phospholipids (PL) in the ELISA. Inasmuch as sera are diluted 1:100 before testing, the concentration of native β2GPI may be insufficient to provide an optimal aPA ELISA signal. Therefore, many laboratories add adult bovine serum (ABS) to the diluent buffer to provide a consistent level of cofactor for optimal aPA binding. To determine if other animal sera can provide the cofactor, cat, chicken, dog, horse, goat, guinea pig, mouse, pig, rat, and sheep were tested as diluent supplements in the aPA ELISA. To measure cofactor activity in these animal sera, ELISA for aPA to anionic phospholipids were performed. Two aPA positive patient plasmas were selected for study; one with cofactordependent and one with cofactor‐independent aPA. Only four of the animal sera tested (bovine, pig, sheep, and cat) supported the cofactor‐dependent aPA in ELISA. The cofactor‐independent aPA was positive in the presence of each animal serum except bovine and rat. In order to determine whether these animal sera contain a β2GPI‐like molecule, Western blot analyses were performed. By using a polyclonal antiserum produced to human β2GPI, specific β2GPI‐like cross‐reactivity was observed with all animal sera except the chicken. In summary, cofactor activity in animal sera varied significantly; however, bovine and pig sera appear to allow optimal binding of cofactor dependent aPA. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of radiolabelled murine antibody infusion on TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and soluble IL‐2 receptor in cancer patients
Authors: Gridley Daila S. , Hammond Samantha N. , Slater James M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study evaluates the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐ 1β (IL‐1β), and soluble IL‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R) in cancer patients infused with radiolabelled murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for the purposes of imaging and dosimetry. Blood samples were collected from 13 patients (10 with colon cancer and 3 with lung cancer) before and at 4 and 7 days after infusion of either conventional intact 111In‐ MAb or a bifunctional antibody delivery system. For all subjects, except one, this was the first exposure to murine MAb. Before infusion, higher levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and sIL‐2R than the average expected in the plasma of healthy individuals were found. A significant decrease was noted in TNF‐α when preinfusion concentrations were compared to 4 day (P < 0.01) or to 7 day (P < 0.05) postinfusion values. A 50% or greater decrease in IL‐1β was also observed in most individuals with time after infusion. In contrast, sIL‐2R concentrations remained relatively stable during the 1 week follow‐up period. However, strikingly different patterns in the IL‐1β and sIL‐2R levels were noted in the subject who had received two previous murine antibody infusions. Our data show that the administration of radiolabelled murine antibodies, either conventional or bifunctional, can significantly alter plasma levels of TNF‐α and IL‐1β. These cytokines are important in immunoregulation and, perhaps also, in modulation of neoplastic growth. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis of HIV‐1 infection by detection of antibody IgG to HIV‐1 in urine with ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) using recombinant proteins as antigens
Authors: Hashida Seiichi , Hashinaka Kazuya , Saitoh Atsushi , Takamizawa Akihisa , Shinagawa Hideo , Oka Shinichi , Shimada Kaoru , Hirota Kouichi , Kohno Takeyuki , Ishikawa Setsuko , Ishikawa Eiji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAnti‐HIV‐1 IgG in urine was detected by an ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) using recombinant reverse transcriptase (RT), p17 and p24 as antigens, and β‐D‐galactosidase from Escherichia coli as label. Anti‐HIV‐1 IgG in urine was reacted simultaneously with 2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐bovine serum albumin‐recombinant protein conjugate and recombinant protein‐β‐D‐galactosidase conjugate. The immune complex formed, consisting of the three components, was trapped onto polystyrene balls coated with affinity purified (anti‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl group) IgG. After washing, the immune complex was eluted from the polystyrene balls with excess of ϵN‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐L‐lysine and transferred to clean polystyrene balls coated with affinity‐purified (anti‐human IgG γ‐chain) IgG. Finally, the enzyme activity bound to the last solid phase was assayed by fluorometry. Using recombinant RT as antigen, the sensitivity and specificity for 83 seropositives and 100 seronegatives were both 100%, and the lowest signal for 60 asymptomatic carriers was 8.2‐fold higher than the highest signal for the seronegatives. The positivity with recombinant RT as antigen could be confirmed by using recombinant p17 and p24 as antigens. The sensitivity could be improved by a longer assay of bound β‐D‐galactosidase activity, by using concentrated urine samples and by the combined use of recombinant RT, p17, and p24. Thus, reliable diagnosis of HIV‐1 infection was possible for asymptomatic carriers. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous automated measurement of serum total CK and CK‐MM lsoform ratio in serum
Authors: Uji Yoshinori , Karmen Arthur , Sugiuchi Hiroyuki , Okabe Hiroaki , Hata Keishi , Miura Masakazu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe automated a two‐step kinetic procedure for determining serum CK‐MM isoform ratio using an immunoinhibition method. By measuring the total CK activity and the residual CK activity (serum CK‐MM isoform) remaining after the inhibition by tissue CK‐MM isoform specific monoclonal antibody reagent (CK‐M01) the CKMM isoform ratio is calculated using the difference between total CK and residual CK activities divided by the residual CK activity.Linearities of total CK and residual CK assays were⩽7750 U/L and 2,500 U/L, respectively; within‐run CVs of isoform ratio (N = 10) were 2.8 and 7.0% (mean 0.14 and 0.60), respectively. The MM3/MM1 isoform ratio obtained with the proposed method (X) correlated well with the results of electrophoretic method (Y) according to the equation: Y = 0.98X −0.3, r = 0.988. The normal reference range of isoform ratios obtained by assaying 1,222 serum samples from healthy subjects was 0.09–0.75. The isoform ratio increased after onset of chest pain, peaking at 2–6 hr thereafter. A mean isoform ratio of 1.86 was obtained with serum sample from 86 patients diagnosed as having an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This method is accurate and highly sensitive, as the detection and early diagnosis of AMI can be completed in 10 min. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostate‐specific antigen in screening of prostate cancer
Authors: Chu T. Ming 
Published: March 2007

AbstractProstate‐specific antigen (PSA) is a wellcharacterized human prostate‐specific glycoprotein. PSA has been shown to be the most effective immunohistologic marker for prostate cancer, as well as the most useful serologic test in staging and monitoring prostate cancer and in early detection of recurrent disease. The greatest clinical value of PSA is as an aid for early detection of prostate cancer. Recent studies have indicated that PSA‐based screening of the older population for organ‐confined early‐stage prostate cancer is an acceptable, practical, and reliable modality. The accuracy of PSA screening is within the same range as the mammogram. The cost‐effectiveness of PSA is comparable to other cancer screening tests. Although the increase in the patient's survival due to PSA‐based detection of early prostate cancer remains to be documented, it is generally agreed that the PSA test along with digital rectal examination (DRE) should be included in the annual physical examination for men 50 years of age or older. Highrisk men are urged to commence at age 40. Asymptomatic men who have both a negative DRE and normal PSA blood test need only to continue an annual DRE and PSA check‐up. Men who have a negative DRE and elevated PSA, and all those who have a suspicious DRE regardless of PSA results, should undergo further diagnostic workup, such as transrectal ultrasonography with biopsy of visible lesions. The cure rate is high with timely treatment, when prostate cancer is detected while still confined to the prostate. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of free psa isoforms, psa complex formation, and specificity of anti‐psa antibodies by hplc and page‐immunoblotting techniques
Authors: Wu James T. , Zhang Ping , Wang Tian , Wilson Lorraine , Astill Mark 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBoth high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis‐immunoblotting (PAGE‐immunoblotting) procedures have been established for the study of isoforms of free prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and the complex formation between free PSA and protease inhibitors, and for the evaluation of the specificities of various anti‐PSA antibodies. We found multiple isoforms of free PSA on PAGE, which were all capable of forming complexes with protease inhibitors. The same isoform pattern can be produced from the original seminal fluid. The PSA isoforms differ from each other most likely in charge because they could be converted to one band on SDS‐PAGE and to a single peak by gel filtration chromatography. We found it difficult to form large quantities of PSA complex when mixing free PSA from seminal fluid with protease inhibitors, regardless of whether the free PSA or the protease inhibitors were in excess. Except for the PSA‐ACT complex, which was consistently detectable by both HPLC and PAGE‐immunoblotting techniques after incubation, these two procedures disagreed in their detection of PSA‐A2M and PSA‐AT complexes. The PSA‐A2M complex was usually observable by immunoblotting techniques but barely detectable on HPLC, whereas PSA‐AT was totally invisible by immunoblotting but appeared as a peak in the HPLC elution profile. Mixing free PSA with serum clearly resulted in both PSA‐ACT and PSA‐A2M complexes. However, more PSA‐ACT than PSA‐A2M was formed; the result was also confirmed by using 125I‐PSA for mixing. PSA could be separated into active and inactive PSA by DEAE Sepharose chromatography with a 14‐fold difference in protease activity. The difference in enzymatic activity apparently had no effect on complex formation. All the anti‐PSA antibodies examined in this study reacted with PSA isoforms, PSA‐ACT and PSA‐A2M complexes. We conclude that it would be almost impossible to establish an assay to measure all forms of PSA in the serum and to expect to produce precise and accurate PSA values.©1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.