bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systems biology and clinical cytomics: The 10th Leipziger workshop and the 3rd international workshop on slide‐based cytometry
Authors: Tárnok Attila , Valet Günther K. , Emmrich Frank 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDespite very significant technical and software improvements in flow cytometry (FCM) since the 1980's, the demand for a cytometric technology combining both quantitative cell analysis and morphological documentation in Cytomics became evident. Improvements in microtechnology and computing permit nowadays similar quantitative and stoichiometric single cell‐based high‐throughput analyses by microscopic instruments, like Slide‐Based Cytometry (SBC). SBC and related techniques offer unique tools to perform complex immunophenotyping, thereby enabling diagnostic procedures during early disease stages. Multicolor or polychromatic analysis of cells by SBC is of special importance not only as a cytomics technology platform but also because of low quantities of required reagents and biological material. The exact knowledge of the location of each cell on the slide permits repetitive restaining and reanalysis of specimens. Various separate measurements of the same specimen can be ultimately fused to one database increasing the information obtained per cell. Relocation and optical evaluation of cells as typical SBC feature, can be of integral importance for cytometric analysis, since artifacts can be excluded and morphology of measured cells can be documented.Progress in cell analytic: In the SBC, new horizons can be opened by the new techniques of structural and functional analysis with the high resolution from intracellular and membrane (confocal microscopy, nanoscopy, total internal fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), and tissue level (tissomics), to organ and organism level (in vivo cytometry, optical whole body imaging).Predictive medicine aims at the detection of changes in patient's state prior to the manifestation of the disease or the complication. Such instances concern immune consequences of surgeries or noninfectious posttraumatic shock in intensive care patients or the pretherapeutic identification of high risk patients in cancer cytostatic therapy. Preventive anti‐infectious or anti‐shock therapy as well as curative chemotherapy in combination with stem cell transplantation may provide better survival chances for patient at concomitant cost containment. Predictive medicine‐guided optimization of therapy could lead to individualized medicine that gives significant therapeutic effect and may lower or abrogate potential therapeutic side effects.The 10th Leipziger Workshop combined with the 3rd International Workshop on SBC aimed to offer new methods in Image‐ and Slide‐Based Cytometry for solutions in clinical research. It moved towards practical applications in the clinics and the clinical laboratory. This development will be continued in 2006 at the upcoming Leipziger Workshop and the International Workshop on Slide‐Based Cytometry. © 2005 International Society for Analytical Cytology
RNA interference reveals a role for TLR2 and TLR3 in the recognition of Leishmania donovani promastigotes by interferon–γ‐primed macrophages
Authors: Flandin Jean‐Frédéric , Chano Frédéric , Descoteaux Albert 
Published: December 2005

AbstractLeishmania donovani promastigotes evade the induction of a proinflammatory response during their invasion of naive macrophages. However, their entry into IFN‐γ‐primed macrophages is accompanied by the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines. In the present study, we addressed the hypothesis that priming with IFN‐γ induces the expression of a receptor that enables mouse macrophages to recognize L. donovani promastigotes. We observed that in IFN‐γ‐primed macrophages, L. donovani promastigotes stimulated Interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase‐1 (IRAK‐1) activity. We next showed that Toll‐like receptor (TLR)3 is barely detectable in naive macrophages but is expressed in IFN‐γ‐treated macrophages. Silencing of TLR3, TLR2, IRAK‐1 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) expression by RNA interference revealed that both TLR are involved in the secretion of NO and TNF‐α induced by L. donovani promastigotes. Using L. donovani mutants, we showed that TLR2‐mediated responses are dependent on Galβ1,4Manα‐PO4‐containing phosphoglycans, whereas TLR3‐mediated responses are independent of these glycoconjugates. Furthermore, our data indicate a participation of TLR2 and TLR3 in the phagocytosis of L. donovani promastigotes and a role for TLR3 in the leishmanicidal activity of the IFN‐γ‐primed macrophages. Collectively, our data are consistent with a model where recognition of L. donovani promastigotes depends on the macrophage activation status and requires the expression of TLR3.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dinuclear Europium Complexes Showing Pure Red Electroluminescence
Authors: Jang Hyosook , Shin Chang‐Hwan , Jung Byung‐Jun , Kim Do‐hyeon , Shim Hong‐Ku , Do Youngkyu 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTwo dinuclear EuIII complexes have been synthesized by employing β‐diketones and 2,2′‐bipyrimidine (bpm) as sensitizing ligands for the Eu ion and a bridging ligand, respectively, and characterized by various means including single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The use of dibenzoylmethane (dbm) and trifluorothenoylacetone (tta) as β‐diketones gave [Eu2(dbm)6(bpm)] (1) and [Eu2(tta)6(bpm)] (2). Both show strong intermolecular π–π interactions that may be responsible for their high melting points. The analysis of the absorption, excitation, and emission spectra of the dinuclear complexes along with a comparison with analogous mononuclear complexes containing the same β‐diketone ligands and 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) suggests that the dinuclear complexes follow the luminescence mechanism of general LnIII complexes. An EL device with the structure ITO/PEDOT/PVK + PBD + 1 10 wt.‐%/LiF/Al shows pure red emission with an efficiency similar to those of mononuclear complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Mechanism of the MeOH/H2O Substitution in a Series of Biomimetic Bimetallo Zinc‐Based H3O2 Complexes
Authors: Jaime Elke , Weston Jennie 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSmall bimetallo biomimetic zinc‐based compounds containing a bridging μ‐OH functionality can be easily hydrated to yield complexes containing an intramolecular Zn–H3O2–Zn bridge. Because such bridges are intrinsically more nucleophilic than the corresponding μ‐OH functionality, this effectively activates the complex. The Zn–H3O2–Zn unit is labile, and one can successively substitute the “water” and the “hydroxide” in the bridge for methanol and methoxide to form metal‐bound HO–H–OMe and MeO–H–OMe functionalities. We have performed an extensive density functional investigation of this substitution mechanism for a series of bimetallo zinc complexes which have been synthesised and investigated by F. Meyer et al. There are two mechanisms for water/methanol exchange – an addition–elimination and a direct exchange mechanism. If the metal ions are coordinatively unsaturated, and their ligand sphere does not sterically hinder the approach of the methanol, both pathways compete with each other. For coordinatively saturated bimetallo complexes with larger ligand spheres, only the direct exchange mechanism is possible. Regardless of the mechanism operating, the exchange is facile and is controlled by the relative thermodynamic stability of the intermediates. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Steric and Catalytic Effects in Tetraruthenated Manganese Porphyrins
Authors: Mayer Ildemar , Nunes Genebaldo S. , Toma Henrique E. , Araki Koiti 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA new tetraruthenated manganese(III) porphyrin has been obtained and characterized by spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and spectroelectrochemistry. It exhibits a saddle‐shaped, nonplanar structure that conveys interesting catalytic, electrocatalytic, and spectroelectrochemical properties to the molecule. Selective steric influence induced by the peripheral ruthenium complexes has been detected in the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane and cyclohexene with iodosylbenzene. Films formed by layer‐by‐layer electrostatic assembly with tetraanionic sulfonated copper phthalocyanine exhibit electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of nitrite and sulfite, thus providing interesting applications in amperometric sensors.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Dissociation of CP20 from Iron(II)(cp20)3: A Pulse Radiolysis Study
Authors: Merkofer Martin , Domazou Anastasia , Nauser Thomas , Koppenol Willem H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDeferiprone (CP20), a hydroxypyridine‐4‐one, is used in iron‐chelation therapy. For the iron(III)‐/(II)(cp20)3 couple, a standard electrode potential of –620 mV was measured by cyclic voltammetry [Templeton et al., Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 245, 199; Merkofer et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 2004, 87, 3021]. On the basis of this value and the overall stability constant for the equilibrium of iron(III) and three CP20 molecules, ligand dissociation ought to take place after reduction of the iron(III)(cp20)3 complex. By pulse radiolysis, we show that hydrated electrons reduce the iron(III)(cp20)3 complex with a rate constant of k = (6.4 ± 0.3) × 1010 M–1 s–1, and that the iron(II)(cp20)3 complex aquates rapidly. The dissociation of the first two CP20 molecules takes place within a few μs after the pulse. The dissociation rate constant for the last CP20 ligand is (8 ± 1) × 103 s–1. The observation of a dissociation illustrates that, under dilute conditions, iron(II) is not fully complexed by CP20 and could potentially participate in redox cycling to produce oxyradicals. The CO2·– radical does not reduce iron(III)(cp20)3, which indicates that this complex reacts, as expected, very slowly with inner‐sphere reductants. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis, Structural Characterisation and Reactions of Some Vinylgold(I) Phosphane Complexes
Authors: Mohr Fabian , Falvello Larry R. , Laguna Mariano 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA series of vinylgold(I) complexes [Au(CR=CHR)L] (R = H, Me; L = PPh3, PPh2Me, PPhMe2) were prepared from the reaction of the Grignard reagents [MgBr(CR=CHR)] (R = H, Me) with the gold(I) phosphane complexes [AuCl(L)] (L = PPh3, PPh2Me, PPhMe2) at low temperature. The complexes were characterised by various spectroscopic techniques and, in the case of [Au(CMe=CHMe)(PPh3)], by a single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination. The gold–carbon bonds of these vinylgold(I) complexes are easily cleaved by acids and, in the presence of potassium permanganate, by species containing acidic protons. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The Effective Electron‐Transfer Distance in Dinuclear Ruthenium Complexes Containing the Unsymmetrical Bridging Ligand 3,5‐Bis(2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolate
Authors: D’Alessandro Deanna M. , Dinolfo Peter H. , Hupp Joseph T. , Junk Peter C. , Keene F. Richard 
Published: December 2005

AbstractElectroabsorption (Stark effect) measurements on the intervalence charge‐transfer (IVCT) transitions in the diastereoisomers of [{Ru(bpy)2}2(μ‐bpt–)]4+ [bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, bpt– = 3,5‐bis(2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolate] in n‐butyronitrile glass at 77 K reveal effective charge‐transfer distances of 5.92 ± 0.03 Å for the ΔΛ/ΛΔ form and 5.44 ± 0.04 Å for the ΔΔ/ΛΛ form. These values correspond to approximately 95 and 88 %, respectively, of the geometrical metal–metal distance of 6.185(10) Å, obtained from the X‐ray crystal structure of the cation in the related complex (ΔΛ)‐[{Ru(Me2bpy)2}2(μ‐bpt–)](PF6)3. The results are consistent with a localized Class II classification for the mixed‐valence systems [{Ru(pp)2}2(μ‐bpt–)]4+, where pp = bpy, Me2bpy = 4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Facile Enantioselective Ring‐Opening Reaction of meso Epoxides with Anilines Using (S)‐(–)‐BINOL‐Ti Complex as a Catalyst
Authors: Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Singh Surendra , Khan Noor‐ul H. , Abdi Sayed H. R. , Suresh Eringathodi , Jasra Raksh V. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe catalytic enantioselective ring‐opening reaction of meso‐stilbene oxide and cyclohexene oxide with anilines was catalyzed by (S)‐(–)‐BINOL‐Ti complexes at ambient temperature to obtain β‐amino alcohols in high yield (95 %) and enantioselectivity (ee, 78 %). The enantiomeric excess (ee) of the product was further improved to 98 % by a single recrystallization step. The absolute configuration of representative β‐amino alcohols was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The catalyst recovered after first use was recycled four times with retention in its performance. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
“On Water”‐Promoted Direct Coupling of Indoles with 1,4‐Benzoquinones without Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Bo , Liu Li , Chen Yong‐Jun , Wang Dong , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA highly efficient direct coupling of indole compounds with 1,4‐benzoquinones was developed “on water” in the absence of any catalyst, organic co‐solvent, or additives. The “on‐water” conditions provided the best yields of the corresponding products and the only system to produce bis(coupling) products. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Bioleaching of Heavy Metal Polluted Sediment: Kinetics of Leaching and Microbial Sulfur Oxidation
Authors: Löser C. , Zehnsdorf A. , Görsch K. , Seidel H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractRemediation of heavy metal polluted sediment through bioleaching using elemental sulfur (S0) as the leaching agent can be regarded as a two‐step process: firstly, the microbial oxidation of the added S0 to sulfuric acid and, secondly, the reaction of the produced acid with the sediment. Here, both subprocesses were studied in detail independently: oxidized river sediment was either suspended in sulfuric acid of various strengths, or mixed with various amounts of finely ground S0 powder (diameter of the S0 particles between 1 and 175 μm with a Rosin‐Rammler‐Sperling‐Bennet (RRSB) distribution and an average diameter of 35 μm) and suspended in water. The leaching process was observed by repeated analysis of the suspension concerning pH, soluble sulfate and metals, and remaining S0. In the case of abiotic leaching with H2SO4, the reaction between the acid and the sediment resulted in a gradual increase in pH and a solubilization of sediment‐borne heavy metals which required some time; 80 % of the finally solubilized heavy metals was dissolved after 1 h, 90 % after 10 h, and 100 % after 100 h. In the case of bioleaching, the rate of S0 oxidation was maximal at the beginning, gradually diminished with time, and was proportional to the initial amount of S0. Due to its very low solubility in water, S0 is oxidized in a surface reaction catalyzed by attached bacteria. The oxidation let the particles shrink, their surface became smaller and, thus, the S0 oxidation rate gradually decreased. The shrinking rate was time‐invariant and, at 30 °C, amounted to 0.5 μm/day (or 100 μg/cm2/day). Within 21 days, 90 % of the applied S0 was oxidized. Three models with a different degree of complexity have been developed that describe this S0 oxidation, assuming S0 particles of uniform size (I), using a measured particle size distribution (II), or applying an adapted RRSB distribution (III). Model I deviated slightly from the measured data but was easy to handle, Model II fitted the measured data best but its simulation was complicated, and Model III was intermediate. The amount of soluble sulfate was smaller than the amount of H2SO4 added or microbially generated as the H2SO4 reacted with the sediment to form in part poorly soluble sulfates. A model has been developed that describes the pH and the soluble sulfate and metals at equilibrium, depending on the amount of H2SO4 applied or microbially generated, and that is based on the condition of electrical neutrality, a global metal/proton exchange reaction, and a sulfate‐fixation reaction. In suspension, bioleaching with S0 required considerably more time than abiotic leaching with H2SO4, but the final pH and metal solubilization were identical when equimolar amounts of leaching agents were applied.
Kinetic Modeling of Amino Acid Oxidation Catalyzed by a New D‐Amino Acid Oxidase from Arthrobacter protophormiae
Authors: Findrik Z. , Vasić‐Rački D. , Geueke B. , Kuzu M. , Hummel W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAmino acid oxidases, which enantiospecifically catalyze the oxidative deamination of either D‐ or L‐amino acids, belong to the class of oxidoreductases functioning with a tightly bound cofactor. This cofactor favors industrial applications of D‐amino acid oxidases (D‐AAO). Hence, the enzyme is very important for the industrial application in the purification and determination of certain amino acids. In developing the enzyme‐catalyzed reaction for large‐scale production, modeling of the reaction kinetics plays an important role. Therefore, the subject of this study was the kinetics of the oxidative deamination, a very complex reaction system, which is catalyzed by D‐AAO from Arthrobacter protophormiae using its natural substrate D‐methionine and the aromatic amino acid 3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl‐D‐alanine (D‐DOPA). The kinetic parameters determined by the measurement of the initial rate and nonlinear regression were verified in batch reactor experiments by comparing calculated and experimental concentration‐time curves. It was found that the enzyme is highly specific towards D‐methionine (Km = 0.24 mM) and not as specific to D‐DOPA as a substrate (Km = 9.33 mM). The enzyme activity towards D‐methionine ($ V_m^{D-{\rm Met}}$ = 3.01 U/mL) was approx. seven times higher than towards D‐DOPA ($ V_m^{D-{\rm DOPA}} $= 20.01 U/mL). The enzyme exhibited no activity towards L‐methionine and L‐DOPA. Batch and repetitive batch experiments were performed with both substrates in the presence and in the absence of catalase for hydrogen peroxide decomposition. Their comparison made it possible to conclude that hydrogen peroxide has no negative influence on the enzyme activity.
Optimization of Glycoalkaloid Analysis for Use in Industrial Potato Fruit Juice Downstreaming
Authors: Alt V. , Steinhof R. , Lotz M. , Ulber R. , Kasper C. , Scheper T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAnnually, within the European Union about 1.7 million tons of starch is produced by processing over 8 million tons of potato tubers, Solanum tuberosum. In recent years, the potato protein content has gained tremendous industrial interest, since these proteins have excellent nutritional value. As naturally occurring, secondary plant metabolites steroidal potato glycoalkaloids are formed in potatoes. The two major glycoalkaloids in potatoes are α‐solanine and α‐chaconine. Because of the significant toxicity of the glycoalkaloids for human and for animal nutrition it was essential to develop efficient extraction processes. The need for an easy, fast, sensitive and reliable glycoalkaloid assay at the very beginning of the production chain is obvious. In this study an efficient analytical assay for potato glycoalkaloids from powdery protein samples under industrially relevant conditions is described: sample extraction, analyte pre‐purification, and final HPLC analysis. An acetic acid extraction/homogenization process was used for glycoalkaloid extraction from potato protein samples. The extracts were purified by means of solid phase extraction cartridges using the different washing steps developed in this study. The final determination was performed through an HPLC method using a Reprosil‐Pur NH2 column. The limit of detection was 5 μg/mL for α‐solanine and α‐chaconine, respectively, corresponding to concentrations of 20 ppm in potato protein powder.
Correlating specific conductivity with total hardness in limestone and dolomite karst waters
Authors: Krawczyk Wiesława Ewa , Ford Derek C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractUnder field conditions modern digital conductivity meters give standardized, rapid and reproducible measurements. Here we investigate the accuracy of their estimates of the composition of karst waters, as total hardness (TH, as mg/L CaCO3) for limestone and dolomite. These are the fundamental measures of process in carbonate karst geomorphology. PHREEQC theoretical curves for the dissolution of pure calcite/aragonite and dolomite in water at 25 °C are compared with water analyses from karst studies worldwide. Other principal ions encountered are sulphates, nitrates and chlorides (the ‘SNC’ group). From carbonate karsts, 2309 spring, well and stream samples were divided into uncontaminated (SNC < 10%), moderately contaminated (10 < SNC < 20%), and contaminated (SNC > 20%) classes. Where specific conductivity (SpC) is less than 600 µS/cm, a clear statistical distinction can be drawn between waters having little contamination and substantially contaminated waters with SNC > 20%. As sometimes claimed in manufacturers' literature, in ‘clean’ limestone waters TH is close to 1/2SpC, with a standard error of 2–3 mg/L. The slope of the best‐fit line for 1949 samples covering all SNC classes where SpC < 600 µS/cm is 1·86, very close to the 1·88 obtained for clean limestone waters; however, the value of the intercept is ten times higher. The regression line for clean limestone waters where SpC > 600 µS/cm helps to distinguish polluted waters from clean waters with possible endogenic sources of CO2. In the range 250 < SpC < 600 µS/cm, dolomite waters can be readily distinguished from limestone waters. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A coupled boundary element–finite difference model of surface wave motion over a wall turbulent flow
Authors: Jamali Mirmosadegh 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAn effective numerical technique is presented to model turbulent motion of a standing surface wave in a tank. The equations of motion for turbulent boundary layers at the solid surfaces are coupled with the potential flow in the bulk of the fluid, and a mixed BEM–finite difference technique is used to model the wave motion and the corresponding boundary layer flow. A mixing‐length theory is used for turbulence modelling. The model results are in good agreement with previous physical and numerical experiments. Although the technique is presented for a standing surface wave, it can be easily applied to other free surface problems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A consistent splitting scheme for unsteady incompressible viscous flows I. Dirichlet boundary condition and applications
Authors: Wong J. C.‐F. , Chan M. K.‐H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA well‐recognized approach for handling the incompressibility constraint by operating directly on the discretized Navier–Stokes equations is used to obtain the decoupling of the pressure from the velocity field. By following the current developments by Guermond and Shen, the possibilities of obtaining accurate pressure and reducing boundary‐layer effect for the pressure are analysed. The present study mainly reports the numerical solutions of an unsteady Navier–Stokes problem based on the so‐called consistent splitting scheme (J. Comput. Phys. 2003; 192:262–276). At the same time the Dirichlet boundary value conditions are considered. The accuracy of the method is carefully examined against the exact solution for an unsteady flow physics problem in a simply connected domain. The effectiveness is illustrated viz. several computations of 2D double lid‐driven cavity problems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.