bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blends of modified epoxy resin and carboxyl‐terminated polybutadiene. I
Authors: Shukla Shailesh Kumar , Srivastava Deepak 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSix blend samples were prepared by the physical mixing of epoxidized resole (EDR) with different weight ratios of carboxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (CTPB) liquid rubber ranging from 0 to 25 wt % in intervals of 5 wt %. The formation of various reaction products during the curing of unblended EDR and CTPB‐blended EDR were studied with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The curing time at 100°C for the blend sample containing 15 wt % CTPB was the least among all of the blend samples. This blend sample, also, showed the highest initial degradation temperature, as obtained from thermogravimetric analysis thermograms, which indicated that it was the most thermally stable matrix system. The films of coatings based on the blend of EDR with 15 wt % CTPB offered the highest resistance toward different concentrations of acids and alkalis compared to the films having 5, 10, 20, and 25 wt % CTPB in the EDR/CTPB blends. Solvents showed almost the same behavior as acids and alkalis for these films except for hydrocarbon solvents such as mineral turpentine oil, toluene, and xylene. The resistance toward these solvents was poor and slightly inferior to those found with EDR unblended with CTPB. The tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of the molded specimens derived from the EDR/CTPB blends initially increased up to 15 wt % CTPB addition in the blend and then decreased, whereas the elongation at break remained constant for all blend compositions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1802–1808, 2006
On trust, good, and evil
Authors: Jaques Elliott 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis article deals with a basic concept informing the work of Elliott Jaques: trust which is the social glue that binds people together and has consequences for all social domains. The etymological origins of “trust” connect with major normative concepts, including truth and relying upon others. These are vitally connected with the psychoanalytic approaches of Sigmund Freud and Melanie Klein as well as the nature of requisite and anti‐requisite practices throughout society. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Jaques and the early years in Australia
Authors: Carnegie Sir Roderick 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of any organization, by the nature of his or her title and role, sets the culture (the “how we do things around here”) which becomes either paranoiagenic or trust‐inducing to greater or lesser extremes. This account of one CEO emphasizes the relationships between past managerial experiences, the business requirements of a highly competitive industry, the nature of the impact of local government on globally dispersed installations, and an intense interest in bringing together a better understanding of trust‐inducing top‐down managerial leadership. Thus follows an examination of one CEO's journey with a nascent body of research and the researcher as, together, they struggle with understanding what requirements and actions will be interpreted as not only “good for the company” but also “good for me” as an employee. The paper describes the added value of a CEO's systematic organizational analysis and structural design of a managerial work system focused on the employment of the discretion and judgment of each employee within appropriate role boundaries, thereby inserting a large amount of psychologically sound, creative problem‐solving focused on competitive business outcomes. It develops understanding of the business reasons for fair pay for levels of work assigned, and the recognition of current potential capability and development of individuals as they naturally mature in future potential capability to handle more complex assignments. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous Determination of Essential Basic Amino Acids in Pharmaceuticals by Capillary Isotachophoresis
Authors: Kubačák Peter , Mikuì Peter , Valáìková Iva , Havránek Emil 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCapillary isotachophoresis (ITP) in cationic regime of the separation with conductometric detection has been used for the separation and determination of basic amino acids (arginine, histidine, and lysine) in pharmaceutical preparations. Several electrolyte systems of different compositions and pH were examined. The optimized ITP electrolyte system consisted of 10 mmol/L potassium acetate adjusted to pH 4.0 with acetic acid as the leading electrolyte with the electroosmotic‐flow (EOF) suppressing additive, 0.2% (w/v) methylhydroxyethylcellulose (m‐HEC), and 10 mmol/L β‐alanine as the terminating electrolyte. The proposed electrophoretic method was successfully validated. It was convenient for the sensitive, simple, rapid and highly reproducible assay of these amino acids. Good quantitation was obtained in short analysis times (a single analysis took about 10 min). The minimal sample pretreatment and low running costs make the proposed ITP method a good alternative to commonly used analytical methods. The obtained results suggest that the proposed method is suitable for routine assay of basic amino acids in pharmaceuticals.
Deactivation mechanisms of chloroperoxidase during biotransformations
Authors: Park Jin‐Byung , Clark Douglas S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractInactivation mechanisms of chloroperoxidase (CPO) from Caldariomyces fumago have been investigated with the aim of improving the practical utility of CPO for hydrocarbon oxidation. Deactivation studies in the presence of oxidants (i.e., hydrogen peroxide and t‐butyl hydroperoxide) indicated that CPO lost oxidation activity toward hydrocarbon substrates during dismutation of hydrogen peroxide. The loss of enzyme activity was accompanied by the apparent destruction of the heme rather than aggregation or denaturation of the apo‐protein. The decrease of enzyme activity was significantly retarded by adding the radical scavenger t‐butyl alcohol at pH 4.1, or by optimizing the reaction pH. CPO retained greatest oxidation activity at pH 5–6, which may produce a more favorable ionization state of the key amino acid (Glu‐183) and thus reduce radical formation. As a result of higher activity at pH 5–6, the total turnover numbers (TTN, defined as the amount of product produced over the catalytic lifetime of the enzyme) for the oxidation of toluene and o‐, m‐, p‐xylenes in substrate/aqueous emulsion systems ranged from ca. 10% to 110% higher at pH 5.5 (20,000 to 45,000 mol product/mol enzyme) compared to pH 4.1. Furthermore, TTNs of CPO increased with increasing turnover frequencies, indicating that higher activity toward reducing substrates reduces radical formation and stabilizes CPO toward inactivation by H2O2. These findings demonstrate the important relationship between CPO stability and activity, and illustrate that large improvements in CPO activity and stability can be achieved through solvent engineering. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of maleuric acid derivatives on transgenic human monoclonal antibody due to post‐secretional modifications in goat milk
Authors: Santora L. C. , Stanley K. , Krull I. S. , Grant K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA fully human antibody to tumor necrosis factor‐αwas expressed in the mammary glands of transgenic goats. The goat expressed antibody (gAb) is heterogeneous and has several isoforms due to typical cellular post‐translational modifications. In addition, one post‐secretional modification on gAb was discovered by high‐resolution cation exchange chromatography (CIEX). The presence of these variants in the final product was shown to be dependent upon the initial milk storage and traditional purification methodologies used. These observations allow for the development of new sample recovery and purification processes to eliminate these variants. Various enzymatic treatments were used to characterize different gAb heavy chain C‐terminal lysine and sialic acid variants. In addition, an unknown derivative with the additional mass of 140 Da was found in transgenic gAb using mass spectrometry (MS). The modification sites were identified as theN‐termini of gAb light chains and heavy chains using Q‐TOF MS. Characterization of transgenic gAb isoforms was facilitated by utilizing different enzymes, CIEX and MS techniques. A maleuric acid modification on theN‐terminal portion of gAb was shown to be consistent with the available data characterizing this new derivative of transgenic gAb isoforms in goat milk. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absolute configuration determination of donor–acceptor [2.2]paracyclophanes by comparison of theoretical and experimental vibrational circular dichroism spectra
Authors: Furo Takahiro , Mori Tadashi , Origane Yumi , Wada Takehiko , Izumi Hiroshi , Inoue Yoshihisa 
Published: January 2006

AbstractVibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra were obtained for the assignments of the absolute configurations of diastereomeric 4,7‐bis(methoxycarbonyl)‐12,15‐dimethoxy‐[2.2]paracyclophanes (1 and 2), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level for all possible conformations of both 1 and 2 to give the theoretical VCD spectra. Comparisons of the experimental and theoretical VCD spectra obtained unambiguously established the absolute configurations of the dextrorotatory (+)‐enantiomers as (4Sp;12Sp)‐1 and (4Sp;12Rp)‐2, respectively. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality
Effect of phosphatidylcholine vesicle size on chirality induction and chiral discrimination
Authors: Nakagawa Hiroko , Onoda Mayumi , Masuoka Yuichi , Yamada Koh‐Ichi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe effect of the size of phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles on the induction of chirality and chiral discrimination was examined. Three kinds of vesicles formed with l‐dimyristoyl, l‐dipalmitoyl, or egg yolk PCs induced circular dichroisms (CDs) with the sign and intensity of the Cotton effect different from those of monomeric PCs. The CD intensity of the vesicles increased with a decrease in the vesicle size. Furthermore, the helicity of heterohelicene derivatives in a rapid equilibrium between right‐handed (P) and left‐handed (M) enantiomers was biased toward the M enantiomer side in l‐PC vesicles, implying chiral discrimination by the vesicles. The extent of the bias toward the M enantiomer increased with an increase in vesicle size. Both the chirality induction and chiral discrimination were enhanced in a low‐fluidity gel phase in comparison with those in a high‐fluidity liquid‐crystalline phase for every kind of vesicle of every size examined. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality
Kontinuierlich betriebene Flüssig/Flüssig‐Extraktion im elektrischen Hochspannungsfeld (DC) in einem Taylor‐Couette‐Elektroextraktor
Authors: Wildberger A. , Bart H.‐J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSowohl beim physikalischen als auch beim reaktiven Stoffsaustausch ist eine starke Stoffaustauscherhöhung durch externe Gleichspannungsfelder erreichbar. Die größte Stoffaustauscherhöhung kann unabhängig vom Extraktionssystem immer dann erzielt werden, wenn das elektrische Feld orthogonal zur Phasengrenzfläche angelegt ist und direkt in Stoffaustauschrichtung wirken kann. Zur Berechnung des Stoffübergangs im Taylor‐Couette‐Elektroextraktor wird ein Stoffübergangsmodell vorgestellt und mit experimentellen Daten verglichen.
Anlagenkonzepte in der Mikroverfahrenstechnik
Authors: Kirschneck D. , Marr R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDie Mikroverfahrenstechnik hat sich in der Forschung seit einigen Jahren etabliert. Nun befindet sich diese Technologie auf dem Sprung in den Produktionsmaßstab, und es konnten bereits die ersten Projekte im Tonnen‐pro‐Stunde‐Maßstab realisiert werden. Wesentliche Faktoren dafür reichen von Prozessentwicklungsstrategien über neue Prozessfenster bis hin zu ersten Erfahrungen mit der Maßstabsvergrößerung. Dieser Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über den aktuellen Stand der Entwicklung und zeigt an Beispielen die Umsetzung in die Produktion auf. Auch Perspektiven für vollkommen neue Möglichkeiten, die dank dieser Verfahrensweise entstehen, werden vorgestellt.
Urokinase system expression in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Beyer Bianca C. M. , Heiss Markus Maria , Simon Erich H. , Gruetzner Klaus‐Uwe , Babic Rudolf , Jauch Karl‐Walter , Schildberg Friedrich‐Wilhelm , Allgayer Heike 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe prognostic relevance of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (u‐PA), u‐PA receptor (u‐PAR), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1) in gastric carcinoma was demonstrated in an independent patient series. To the authors' knowledge,the roles of these activators as predictors of aggressive phenotypes in preoperative biopsies, Helicobacter pylori infection, and intestinal metaplasia have to date not been investigated simultaneously in resected tumors. The objectives of the current study were 1) to demonstrate the prognostic relevance of u‐PA, u‐PAR, and PAI‐1 in an independent series; 2) to evaluate u‐PA system expression in preoperative biopsy specimens compared with resected tumors; and 3) to evaluate u‐PA system expression in intestinal metaplasias and samples with H. pylori infection.METHODSIn 104 patients with gastric carcinoma (median follow‐up, 68 mos), u‐PA, u‐PAR, and PAI‐1 in tumors and metaplasias were evaluated immunohistochemically. Preoperative biopsies were evaluated in a subset of patients. Patients were screened for H. pylori (urease) and tumor cells in bone marrow (u‐PAR/CK18).RESULTSu‐PA and PAI‐1 were confirmed as independent prognostic parameters, and u‐PAR was associated with a trend toward a poor prognosis. u‐PA system tumor expression was found to be correlated significantly with u‐PAR in disseminated tumor cells and H. pylori‐infected tumors, implicating a role of H. pylori in protease induction. There was a significant correlation noted between u‐PA system staining between preoperative biopsies and the results in resected tumors. The expression of u‐PAR and PAI‐1 in intestinal metaplasias was found to be associated significantly with advanced tumor stage (depth of invasion; pathologic tumor status) and lymph node involvement (pathologic lymph node status) and was correlated significantly with u‐PA system expression in tumors.CONCLUSIONSTo the author's know the current study is the first to date to demonstrate that u‐PA system expression may serve as a predictor of risk in intestinal metaplasias and preoperative biopsies, implicating consequences for neoadjuvant therapy. The independent impact on recurrence and survival and a correlation with u‐PAR‐expression of minimal residual disease were identified in this independent series. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Results of intensive chemotherapy in 998 patients age 65 years or older with acute myeloid leukemia or high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome:
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop , O'Brien Susan , Cortes Jorge , Giles Francis , Faderl Stefan , Jabbour Elias , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Wierda William , Pierce Sherry , Shan Jianqin , Estey Elihu 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDElderly patients (age ≥ 65 years) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) generally have a poor prognosis. AML‐type therapy results are often derived from studies in younger patients and may not apply to elderly AML. Many investigators and oncologists advocate, at times, only supportive care or frontline single agents, Phase I–II studies, low‐intensity regimens, or ‘targeted’ therapies. However, baseline expectations for outcomes of elderly AML with ‘standard’ AML‐type therapy are not well defined. The aim was to develop prognostic models for complete response (CR), induction (8‐week) mortality, and survival rates in elderly AML, which would be used to advise oncologists and patients of expectations with standard AML type therapy, and to establish baseline therapy results against which novel strategies would be evaluated.METHODSA total of 998 patients age ≥ 65 years with AML or high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome (> 10% blasts) treated with intensive chemotherapy between 1980 and 2004 were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors associated with CR, induction (8‐week) mortality, and survival used standard methods.RESULTSThe overall CR rate was 45% and induction mortality 29%. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors identified consistent independent poor prognostic factors for CR, 8‐week mortality, and survival. These included age ≥ 75 years, unfavorable karyotypes (often complex), poor performance (3–4 ECOG [Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group]), longer duration of antecedent hematologic disorder, treatment outside the laminar airflow room, and abnormal organ functions. Patients could be divided into: 1) a favorable group (about 20% of patients) with expected CR rates above 60%, induction mortality rates of 10%, and 1‐year survival rates above 50%; 2) an intermediate group (about 50–55% of patients) with expected CR rates of 50%, induction mortality rates of 30%, and 1‐year survival rates of 30%; and 3) an unfavorable risk group (about 25–30% of patients) with expected CR rates of less than 20%, induction mortality rates above 50%, and 1‐year survival rates of less than 10%.CONCLUSIONSPrognostic models, based on standard readily available baseline characteristics, were developed for elderly patients with AML, which may assist in therapeutic and investigational decisions. These predictive models, based on a retrospective analysis, will require validation in independent study groups. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Compression‐Inhibited Pore Formation of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Containing Weak Polyanions: A Scanning Force Microscopy Study
Authors: Wang Bo , Liu Lili , Chen Ke , Chen Lin , Feng Jie , Gao Changyou 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMorphological changes of poly(acrylic acid)/poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) multilayers induced by low pH were investigated by scanning force microscopy. The weakened interaction between the charged polymer chains in the protonation process is believed to be the reason for this variation. Kinetic studies have shown that during protonation phase separation and dissociation of the multilayers took place successively. The compression of the multilayers, however, caused a transition of the multilayers from a rubbery state to a glassy state. As a result, the closely compacted multilayers lost their sensitivity to pH change. An increase of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, can decrease the free energy of the multilayers, and stabilize the films. By compression of the multilayers with a rubber stamp having geometric patterns, films with spatially localized pores were produced.
Application of modified ultrafast Papanicolaou stain in cytology of various organs
Authors: Shinde Pravin Bhausaheb , Pandit Ajita Avinash 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis prospective study was conducted to assess the use of modified ultrafast Papanicolaou (MUFP) stain for fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of various organs. In India, many reagents are not easily available. In this modification, Gill's haematoxylin, EA‐36, and isopropanol substitute Richard‐Allan haematoxylin, cytostain, and ethanol, respectively. Group I included 40 FNAC smears of various organs. In each case, three smears were prepared and stained by MUFP, Papanicolaou, and May‐Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) stains. In group II, 10 intraoperative cytology smears of different organs were stained with MUFP and rapid haematoxylin–eosin (H&E). For assessment of MUFP stain, scores were given on four parameters: background of smears, overall staining pattern, cell morphology, and nuclear staining. Quality index was calculated from ratio of score achieved to maximum possible score.Diagnosis made by MUFP stain was compared with standard stains. It was observed that MUFP‐stained smears had clear RBC free background, crisp nuclear chromatin, well‐stained nucleoli, and transparent cytoplasm. The diagnosis made was correct except in three cases of metastatic squamous‐cell carcinoma. Hence, it was concluded that MUFP stain is useful for rapid diagnosis by FNAC, but is not useful for squamous‐cell lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006; 34:135–139. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Utility of cell blocks in the diagnosis of thyroid aspirates
Authors: Sanchez Niria , Selvaggi Suzanne M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCell blocks (CBs) are often prepared with fine‐needle aspirates (FNAs) from multiple organs as an adjunct to smears in the diagnosis of aspirated lesions. However, the literature contains few reports on their utility with regard to specific organ sites. At our institution, CBs are made routinely on FNAs when there is sufficient material remaining after smear preparation, with thyroid representing the largest volume. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of CBs in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions. From January 2002 to April 2004, 546 thyroid FNAs were performed. Eighty‐two (15%) cases, from 60 females and 20 males (age range, 17–88 yr; mean, 50 yr), had CBs and formed the basis of this study. Seventy‐four (90%) of the cases were performed by the radiologist or the clinician and 8 (10%) by the pathologist, all of which had an immediate assessment for adequacy. One to 7 passes were performed with an average of 3/case. The needles were immediately rinsed in Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution after smear preparation. CBs were made on bloody specimens/those with tissue fragments. Cell‐block slides were reviewed for the presence of cellular elements and classified into three categories: (1) contributory, (2) noncontributory, or (3) provides additional information. Of the 82 cases, 23 (28%) were neoplastic, 51 (62%) were nonneoplastic, and 8 (10%) were nondiagnostic. Fifteen of the neoplastic cases had confirmatory biopsies, 9 of which were papillary carcinoma. The overall cellularity of the CBs was low, varying from 0 to 2 follicular groups in the noncontributory CBs and 3 to 6 follicular groups or papillary formations in the contributory CBs. CBs were contributory in 25 (31%) cases: 5 neoplastic (1 follicular neoplasm, 3 papillary carcinoma, and 1 suspicious for papillary carcinoma), 18 nonneoplastic, and 2 nondiagnostic. CBs were noncontributory in 56 (68%) cases: 18 neoplastic (4 papillary carcinomas, 1 suspicious for papillary carcinoma, 4 Hürthle cell neoplasms, and 9 follicular neoplasms), 33 nonneoplastic, and 5 nondiagnostic. One case was categorized as provided additional information because the CB showed material that was not present on the slides; however, it was still nondiagnostic. In summary, CBs did not help in the majority of cases. They were contributory in only 25 (31%) of the 82 cases, and of the 23 neoplastic cases, only 5 (22%) CBs were contributory. The contribution of the CBs in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions was minimal because of the low cellularity. On‐site assessment of specimen adequacy often results in fewer passes, thus contributing to the low cellularity present in cell‐block preparations. Ancillary studies may require additional passes. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006; 34:89–92. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.