bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic inactivation of microRNA gene hsa‐mir‐9‐1 in human breast cancer
Authors: Lehmann U , Hasemeier B , Christgen M , Müller M , Römermann D , Länger F , Kreipe H 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a new class of small non‐coding RNAs regulating gene expression by inducing RNA degradation or interfering with translation. Aberrant miRNA expression has been described for several human malignancies and tumour suppressor functions have been ascribed to this new class of small regulatory RNAs. Accordingly, inactivation due to deletion or mutation has been found in human malignancies. Here, we describe the role of aberrant hypermethylation as an additional mechanism for miRNA gene inactivation in human breast cancer. Aberrant hypermethylation was shown for mir‐9‐1, mir‐124a3, mir‐148, mir‐152, and mir‐663 in 34–86% of cases in a series of 71 primary human breast cancer specimens. For comprehensive methylation analysis, combined bisulphite restriction analysis, bisulphite sequencing, and Pyrosequencing™ were employed. miRNA gene hypermethylation correlated strongly with methylation of known tumour suppressor genes (p = 0.003). After treatment of various breast cancer cell lines with the demethylating agent 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine, reduction of mir‐9‐1 gene methylation and concomitant reactivation of expression could be observed. For the mir‐9‐1 gene, which is already hypermethylated in pre‐invasive intraductal lesions, a good correlation between quantitative methylation level and reduction of expression could be demonstrated in a subset of primary human breast cancer specimen (r = 0.8). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that various microRNA genes are also affected by epigenetic inactivation due to aberrant hypermethylation and that this is an early and frequent event in breast cancer development. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mortality in schizophrenia
Authors: Auquier Pascal , Lançon Christophe , Rouillon Frédéric , Lader Malcolm 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSchizophrenia is a life‐threatening disease associated with mortality rates that are two to three times higher than those expected/observed in the general population. It is associated with high levels of suicide, particularly in young male patients soon after diagnosis. Delays in treating schizophrenia could contribute to the high number of suicides during this period. However, approximately two‐thirds of the excess mortality is caused by natural deaths. Patients with schizophrenia die from the same diseases as people in the general population. The number of deaths caused by cardiovascular disease, as in the general population, is high and could be reduced by the modification of certain lifestyle factors, such as diet and exercise. Careful monitoring of patients' weight, blood pressure, blood glucose levels and serum lipid levels will not only provide an opportunity to educate patients about lifestyle choices that contribute to cardiovascular disease but will also give them a better chance of receiving early treatment for disorders that contribute to cardiovascular disease, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Careful selection of antipsychotic drugs, some of which are associated with side effects such as weight gain and cardiac disorders, will also help reduce co‐morbidity and mortality among patients with schizophrenia. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening statins for possible carcinogenic risk: up to 9 years of follow‐up of 361 859 recipients
Authors: Friedman Gary D. , Flick E. Dawn , Udaltsova Natalia , Chan Pharm D James , Quesenberry Charles P. , Habel Laurel A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPurposeDetermine the risk of cancer in statin users.MethodsRisk of cancer in up to 9.4 years after first recorded receipt of statins was evaluated in subscribers of an integrated health care program in northern California. Statin use and cancer development were ascertained from the program's pharmacy records and cancer registry from August 1994 to December 2003.ResultsMost of the 361 859 statin users received lovastatin, simvastatin or both. Results are presented from analyses with 2‐year lag and use for over 5 years. Most of the observed associations were likely due to chance or confounding. The few associations that seemed less readily explainable were increased risk of cancers of the thyroid, esophagus and urinary tract and decreased risk of colon cancer in men. Increased risk of lung cancer was the only nominally statistically significant positive association in women and could be partially attributable to their smoking habits.ConclusionsOverall this study provided no strong evidence of either causation or prevention of cancer by statins. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of a [60]fullerene‐functionalized poly(vinyl chloride) derivative by stereospecific chemical modification of PVC
Authors: Martínez Gerardo , Gómez Marián A. , Gómez Rafael , Segura José L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe covalent attachment of [60]fullerene (C60) to two poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) samples with different isotactic content is achieved by direct reaction in o‐dichlorobenzene (o‐DCB) solution in the presence of AIBN. The extent of fullerenation is controlled by varying the C60 feed ratio. The pendant C60‐chemically modified PVC polymers are soluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and have been characterized by UV–vis, NMR, FTIR, DSC, TGA, cyclic voltammetry, and SEM. The quantitative microstructural analysis after covalent attachment of the bulky C60 moiety to the PVC has been followed by 13C NMR spectroscopy. From the results it can be concluded that the modification of PVC by graft reaction through free radical reaction proceeds by a stereoselective mechanism. This conclusion has been confirmed on the basis of the increase of the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) and the thermal stability of the C60‐chemical modified PVC samples. The fullerenated PVCs obtained show good electron acceptor properties, as evidenced by electrochemical investigations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5408–5419, 2007
Synthesis, characterization, and cross‐linking of a library of statistical copolymers based on 2‐“soy alkyl”‐2‐oxazoline and 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline
Authors: Hoogenboom Richard , Thijs Hanneke M. L. , Fijten Martin W. M. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of statistical copolymers consisting of 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline (EtOx) and 2‐“soy alkyl”‐2‐oxazoline (SoyOx) via a microwave‐assisted cationic ring‐opening polymerization procedure is described. The majority of the resulting copolymers revealed polydispersity indices below 1.30. The reactivity ratios (rEtOx 1.4 ± 0.3; rSoyOx = 1.7 ± 0.3) revealed a clustered monomer distribution throughout the polymer chains. The thermal and surface properties of the pEtOx‐stat‐SoyOx copolymers were analyzed before and after UV‐curing demonstrating the decreased chain mobility after cross‐linking. In addition, the cross‐linked materials showed shape‐persistent swelling upon absorption of water from the air, whereby as little as 5 mol % SoyOx was found to provide efficient cross‐linking. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5371,–5379, 2007
Conservative management of a ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst
Authors: Zampoli M. , Zar H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPulmonary hydatid cysts in children frequently develop complications such as infection and air leaks. Surgery combined with medical therapy remains the standard form of treatment. We report a 7‐year‐old child who developed rupture of a large pulmonary hydatid cyst following chest trauma; conservative management resulted in successful expulsion of the cyst. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:1229–1232. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of Doppler ultrasonography in the assessment of bronchodilator response in acute bronchiolitis
Authors: Kalogeropoulou Christina , Anthracopoulos Michael B. , Yarmenitis Spiridon , Kanellopoulos Theodore , Eliopoulou Maria , Papanastasiou Dimitris 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMeasurement of the response of acute bronchiolitis (AB) to bronchodilators relies on clinical signs and pulse oximetry. We hypothesized that Doppler ultrasonographic indices of hepatic venous flow may prove to be an objective tool in the assessment of the effect of inhaled salbutamol in infants hospitalized for AB. Previously healthy infants hospitalized for their first episode of AB were prospectively studied. Composite clinical score (CCS, retractions plus wheezing/crackles) and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2) were measured before, and 15‐min post‐salbutamol nebulization (0.15 mg/kg, minimum 1.5 mg). Peak velocities at the middle hepatic vein (PV‐HV) and right renal vein (PV‐RV), as well as peripheral‐to‐middle hepatic vein transit time (TT) of an ultrasound contrast agent were also measured by Doppler ultrasonography pre‐ and post‐nebulization. Nineteen infants were studied. Mean CCS decreased by 0.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08–0.66, P = 0.015) and mean SaO2 increased by 0.68% (95%CI: 0.17–1.19, P = 0.01) post‐bronchodilator treatment. Mean TT increased by 9.54 sec (95%CI: 5.95–13.13, P < 0.0001) and PV‐HV increased by 16.49 cm/sec (95%CI: 9.07–23.91, P = 0.0002); PV‐RV did not change. TT (r = 0.51, P = 0.009), but not PV‐HV, correlated negatively with CCS. There was a strong positive correlation between pre‐ and post‐salbutamol TT values (r = 0.92, P < 0.0001). The most likely explanation for these findings is post‐salbutamol abolishment of shunting at the pulmonary capillary bed. We conclude that the peripheral‐to‐middle hepatic vein prolongation of TT measured by Doppler ultrasonography after salbutamol administration in infants with AB can be used as a bedside tool in the objective assessment of clinical response to medication in these patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:1159–1165. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Data reduction for prediction: A case study on robust coding of age and family history for the risk of having a genetic mutation
Authors: Steyerberg Ewout W. , Balmaña Judith , Stockwell David H. , Syngal Sapna 
Published: October 2007

AbstractData reduction is often desired in the development of a prediction model, for example for effects of age and family history in the identification of subjects having a genetic mutation. We aimed to evaluate a strategy for model simplification by robust coding of related predictors. We considered 898 patients suspected of having Lynch syndrome, which is caused primarily by mutations in the mismatch repair genes, MLH1 or MSH2. The presence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and endometrial cancer in patients and their relatives was related to mutation prevalence with logistic regression analysis. The performances of simplified and more complex models were quantified with a concordance statistic (c), which was corrected for optimism by cross‐validation and bootstrapping. External validation was performed in 1016 patients.The first challenge was the coding of age at diagnosis of CRC, where we forced effects to be identical in patients, in 1st degree and in 2nd degree relatives, by taking the sum of the ages at diagnosis. As a further simplification, CRC diagnosis in 2nd degree relatives was weighted half that of 1st degree relatives. These data reduction approaches were also followed for endometrial cancer. The simplified model used 7 instead of 17 degrees of freedom (df) for a more complex model incorporating individual predictor effects. The optimism‐corrected c was higher (0.79 instead of 0.77), but the external c was similar (0.78 for the simplified and more complex models). A stepwise selected model performed slightly worse (external c=0.77). In conclusion, a prediction model could be developed with relatively few df that captured effects of age at diagnosis across patients and relatives per type of cancer in the family. Such robust coding may especially be relevant for modeling in relatively small data sets. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early sonographic prenatal diagnosis of seizures
Authors: Sheizaf B. , Mazor M. , Landau D. , Burstein E. , Bashiri A. , Hershkovitz R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFetal seizures are an unusual phenomenon. When diagnosed by ultrasonography, they are frequently associated with malformations and carry a poor prognosis. We describe first trimester seizures in two siblings with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. In both cases, convulsions appeared before other sonographic signs of the disease. Review of the literature revealed 11 other cases of fetal seizures diagnosed by ultrasound, all later in gestation. Fetal seizures may be the first manifestation of defective neural and motor development. Therefore, in pregnancies at high risk for neuromuscular disease, early sonographic evaluation of fetal motility, in addition to the anatomical survey, is advised. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engaging Nurses in Genetics: The Strategic Approach of the NHS National Genetics Education and Development Centre
Authors: Kirk Maggie , Tonkin Emma , Burke Sarah 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe UK government announced the establishment of an NHS National Genetics Education and Development Centre in its Genetics White Paper. The Centre aims to lead and coordinate developments to enhance genetics literacy of health professionals. The nursing program takes a strategic approach based on Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior, using the UK nursing genetics competences as the platform for development. The program team uses innovative approaches to raise awareness of the relevance of genetics, working collaboratively with policy stakeholders, as key agents of change in promoting competence. Providing practical help in preparing learning and teaching resources lends further encouragement. Evaluation of the program is dependent on gathering baseline data, and the program has been informed by an education needs analysis. The challenges faced are substantial and necessitate international collaboration where expertise and resources can be shared to produce a global system of influence to facilitate the engagement of non‐genetic nurses.
Family‐based Detection for Hereditary Hemochromatosis
Authors: Reyes Michele , Dunet Diane O. , Isenberg Karen Bandel , Trisolini Michael , Wagener Diane K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine motivators for and barriers to family‐based detection for hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). HH patients (n = 60) and HH siblings (n = 25) participated in one‐on‐one or group interviews. Patients and siblings understood that HH “runs in families,” but not that siblings are at higher HH risk than other family members. Patient motivators included concern for siblings’ health, seriousness of untreated HH, and doctor's encouragement to tell siblings that they need to seek diagnostic testing. Siblings were motivated by the seriousness of HH. Barriers included lack of symptoms, belief that HH was rare, and assumption that their doctor would have mentioned the risk of HH. Family‐based detection continues to be a feasible part of an overall public health strategy to promote early detection of HH. Greater awareness of HH and its potential consequences, especially among high‐risk groups, provides an additional potential avenue for public health action.
Effects of anthropogenic disturbances on the butterfly assemblage in an urban green area: the changes from 1990 to 2005 in Kanazawa Castle Park, Japan
Authors: Ohwaki Atsushi , Tanabe Shin‐Ichi , Nakamura Koji 
Published: October 2007

AbstractKanazawa Castle Park (KCP) is an isolated urban green area in Kanazawa, Japan. A mature forest had developed there since 1949, but it was partially deforested from 1996 to 1999. Moreover, most of the grasslands in KCP were removed from 2000 to 2002. In this study, we report the damage to the butterfly assemblage by these anthropogenic disturbances and subsequent recovery after the disturbances, using previous literature on the butterfly assemblage in KCP from 1990 to 1994 and our monitoring data from 1999 to 2005. In addition, to understand urbanization effects, we also compared the butterfly assemblage of KCP with that of Tawara, a satoyama area 6 km away from KCP. Before the urbanization around KCP, KCP might have had a butterfly assemblage similar to Tawara. The previous articles indicate that 33 species lived in KCP before the partial deforestation. The number of generalist species (multivoltine and polyphagous species) was similar in KCP and Tawara (22 vs. 19), but that of specialist species (uni‐bivoltine and oligophagous species) was lower in KCP than in Tawara (5 vs. 15). Six species, composed of a bamboo grass feeder, mantle feeders, herb/grass feeders, and a multi‐feeder, disappeared from KCP after the deforestation and have not yet recolonized. The grassland removal also affected herb/grass feeders negatively, but they have been recovering quickly following the partial grassland recovery. Some species that disappeared after the deforestation were sporadically found from 2000 to 2005 probably due to immigration from the surrounding rural areas (the nearest one is 2 km away). For recolonization of the lost species, recovery of the interior and edge of the forest, which are the habitats for these species, is necessary.
Taurodontismus und Klinefelter-Syndrom
Authors: Steffen R. 
Published: October 2007

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Fallbericht soll die Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Krankheitsbild des Klinefelter-Syndroms mit dem des dentalen Erscheinungsbildes des Taurodontismus zeigen. Der Fall eines Jungen wird geschildert, welcher vom Klinefelter-Syndrom betroffen ist und damit verbunden taurodontisch ausgebildete Zahnanlagen besitzt. Dabei wird exemplarisch gezeigt, wie wichtig ein geregelter zahnärztlicher Recall bei Patienten mit erkanntem Taurodontismus ist. Die Zusammenarbeit mit weiteren Spezialisten, um wie in diesem Fall eine genetische Erkrankung diagnostizieren zu können, ist von hoher klinischer Relevanz.
Elvis and Darmstadt, or: Twentieth-Century Music and the Politics of Cultural Pluralism
Authors: CLARKE DAVID 
Published: October 2007

Abstract[PART 1] Contemporary musical production and consumption have become increasingly pluralist, seemingly bearing out postmodernist accounts of the eroding distinction between ‘high’ and ‘low’ cultures. Accordingly, accounts of twentieth-century music ought to be able to narrate these different musical spheres – emblematized by the phenomena of Elvis and Darmstadt – together. While such gestures are not altogether absent from some recent histories of twentieth-century music, the results suggest that a more developed theorization of cultural pluralism is needed, one that also has a political dimension. Liberalism is one polity that espouses cultural pluralism and value pluralism, ideas that are not entirely separable from postmodernist relativism. Both epistemes are limited, however, by a disinclination towards dialectical thought and by the absence of ideology critique. [PART 2] Theoretical concepts from Slavoj Žižek (influenced by Lacanian psychoanalysis, and Laclau and Mouffe’s ideas of radical democracy) hold the potential for a post-Marxian model of ideology critique that might galvanize approaches to musical pluralism. Such an application could be relevant to various kinds of music, without giving a priori preference to one musical style over another – as was the case with Adorno. That said, these ideas have significant resonances with Adorno’s negative dialectics, and are valuable in developing a form ofstrong relativismthat could dialecticize a dialogical approach to musical pluralism. This suggests the possilbity of construing pluralism not as the achievement of stasis (or ‘the end of history’), but as a means of effecting social and historical movement beyond the present cultural paradigm.
Fungal communities from methane hydrate-bearing deep-sea marine sediments in South China Sea
Authors: Lai Xintian , Cao Lixiang , Tan Hongming , Fang Shu , Huang Yali , Zhou Shining 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
To elucidate fungal diversity in methane hydrate-bearing deep-sea marine sediments in the South China Sea, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rRNA genes from five different sediment DNA samples were amplified and phylogenetically analyzed. Total five ITS libraries were constructed and 413 clones selected randomly were grouped into 24 restriction patterns by Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA). ITS sequences of 44 representative clones were determined and compared with the GenBank database using gapped-BLAST. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the ITS sequences (71–97% similarity) were similar to those of Phoma, Lodderomyces, Malassezia, Cryptococcus, Cylindrocarpon, Hortaea, Pichia, Aspergillus and Candida. The remaining sequences were not associated to any known fungi or fungal sequences in the public database. The results suggested that methane hydrate-bearing deep-sea marine sediments harbor diverse fungi. This is the first report on fungal communities from methane hydrate-bearing deep-sea marine sediments in South China Sea.
Streptococcus pyogenes serotype-dependent and independent changes in infected HEp-2 epithelial cells
Authors: Klenk Michael , Nakata Masanobu , Podbielski Andreas , Skupin Bianka , Schroten Horst , Kreikemeyer Bernd 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The adherence, internalization and persistence of the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci, GAS) to and within host cells were studied, and the induced responses of the infected epithelial cells were investigated. Next to common cellular responses on GAS infection, many responses of the infected HEp-2 epithelial cells are GAS serotype-specific. Moreover, several cellular responses do not correlate with the actual bacterial numbers adherent, internalized and persistent within the cells or the production of major cytolysins, as demonstrated for cytoskeletal pathways, cytokine release and apoptosis induction in infected cells. Measurement of activated caspases and caspase inhibition experiments uncovered activation of multiple caspase pathways by all GAS serotypes tested (M1, M3, M6 and M18). However, caspase 9 played a central role for M6 infections. During the persistence phase of the interaction, a differential and dynamic behavior of the infecting GAS serotype strains was found. After 14 h of host cell contact, all serotype strains caused host cell damage by virtually equal portions of apoptosis induction and necrosis mechanisms, as revealed by measurements of CK18Asp396/CK18 ratios. Between 14 and 24 h, persisting serotype M1 bacteria pertained this effect, whereas the serotype M6 GAS strain induced a major shift to necrotic mechanisms, and the serotype M3 and M18 GAS strains stimulated less necrosis, but shifted their host cells to apoptosis induction. Together, our study revealed that many cellular responses do not belong to general and uniform pathways, which are exploited by all GAS serotypes, explaining many of the already published discordant results.
Persistent BioPerl
Authors: Lapp Hilmar 
Published: October 2007

AbstractI present BioSQL, a generic and highly extensible relational model for storing biological sequences, sequence clusters, genes, sequence features, sequence and feature annotation, and ontology terms. BioSQL also represents the interoperable persistence API among the Bio* life science programming toolkits (BioPerl, Biojava, Biopython, BioRuby), each of which has a language-binding to the BioSQL schema. I specifically present the Bioperl-db software, which in a transparent manner makes BioPerl objects persistent using BioSQL.