bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
n-type semiconductor with energy storage made from chitosan
Authors: Fukuhara Mikio , Yokotsuka Tomonori , Kayamori Shunsuke , Isogai Akira , Hashida Toshiyuki 
Published: March 2024

Chitosan, obtained from crustaceans such as crabs and shrimp, has been mainly used in medicine; however, no studies on its use in electronic applications with semiconducting and large storage properties have been reported. Here, we report an n-type semiconducting biomaterial with energy storage properties of 694.4 mJ/m2 consisting of a chitosan nanofiber (ChNF) film with N-type negative resistance. The ChNF generates an alternative-current wave with a frequency of 7.8 MHz at a threshold voltage of 187 MV/m from a direct-current voltage source, with the switching effect of a third-order resistance change. This is due to the Gunn effect, caused by the repeated voltage-induced generation of a strong electric field domain (electric double layer) at the cathode and its disappearance at the anode of the ChNF device. Electron spin resonance spectral analysis showed that conducting electrons of the ChNF were identified as radicals on the aminyl radical, N·H. Paper electronics made from marine products are a great boon to a renewable society.
Numerical study of positive temperature coefficient heating on the lithium-ion battery at low temperature
Authors: Mu Mingfei , Sui Pengxiao , Kou Guiyue , Ding Bin , Han Zilin , Sun Kai , Zhang Qiang , Hu Xiaodong 
Published: March 2024

The performance of lithium-ion batteries may decline at cold temperatures, leading to reduced capacity and electrolyte freezing. To ensure proper operation of energy storage stations in cold regions, heating methods must be designed to maintain batteries at 283.15 K while limiting the temperature difference to less than 5 K. Theoretical analysis and simulation of a battery heating method were conducted using a 22 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery as the research object at 253.15 K. A heating method was designed using Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) aluminum plate heaters. Results showed that under the condition of an ambient temperature of 253.15 K and a discharge rate of 1 C, five 120 W PTCs could increase the peak temperature to 283.46 K at 1000 s. The heating method was further optimized by changing the PTC number (2, 3, and 4) and size (corresponding to 120%, 100%, 80%, and 60% of the lithium-ion battery dimensions), and it was found that by using 3 PTC heating plates with 80% size, the maximum temperature could be increased to 289.85 K and the average temperature difference was 4.82 K at 1000 s, meeting the needs of battery operation. The heating method was shown to be effective in rapidly increasing the battery temperature at lower ambient temperatures (243.15, 253.15, and 263.15 K), increasing the rate of temperature increase by 32.4% at 243.15 vs 253.15 K and 45.2% at 263.15 K.
Cu-doping induced tuning of magnetic properties and phase transformation in MnBi alloys
Authors: Yang Yang , Xu Hui Yu , Da Lu Shun , Xiang Zhen , Chen Lin Feng , Li Cheng Yu , Truong Nguyen Xuan , Lu Wei 
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the effect of Cu doping on the magnetic properties of MnBi alloy at sub-ambient temperatures. The Curie temperatures (Tc) were observed at 175.2 and 161.6 K for Mn52Bi45Cu3 and Mn51Bi45Cu4 alloys, respectively. The Mn55Bi45 sample demonstrates a notable saturation magnetization (Ms) of 72 emu/g, reaching 90% of the theoretical value, indicating the successful synthesis of high-purity ferromagnetic low-temperature phase MnBi. Compared to Mn55Bi45, all Cu-doped samples exhibit higher coercivity (Hc) within the temperature range of 10–200 K. In particular, the sample with 4 at. % Cu exhibits an Hc of 7.4 kOe at 10 K, which is 37 times higher than that of the MnBi sample (0.2 kOe), and it remains significantly higher than that of the 0–3 at. % Cu-doped samples, even at 200 K. Further details of this investigation are presented in this paper.
The mass gap in five dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet black holes: a geometrical explanation
Authors: Hansraj C , Goswami R , Maharaj S D 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
It is well known that, unlike in higher dimensional general relativity (GR), we cannot have a black hole with an arbitrarily small mass in five dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity. When we study the dynamical black hole formation via the radiation collapse in the radiating Boulware–Deser spacetime in five dimensions, the central zero mass singularity is weak, conical and naked, and the horizon forms only when a finite amount of matter, that depends on the coupling constant of the Gauss–Bonnet term, falls into the central singularity. To understand this phenomenon transparently and geometrically, we study the radiating Boulware–Deser spacetime in five dimensions using a 1+1+3 spacetime decomposition, for the first time. We find that the geometric and thermodynamic quantities can be expressed in terms of the gravitational mass and the Gauss–Bonnet (GB) parameter and separate each of them into their Gauss–Bonnet and matter parts. Drawing comparisons with five dimensional GR at every step, we explicitly show how the mass gap arises for a general mass function M(v) and what functions for M(v) make certain geometrical quantities well defined at the central singularity. We show in the case of self-similar radiation collapse in the modified theory, the central singularity is not a sink for timelike geodesics and is extendable. This clearly demonstrates how the GB invariant affects the nature of the final state of a continual collapse in this modified theory.
The ProtoDUNE Photon Detection System: technology validation and performance
Authors: Brizzolari C. ,   the DUNE collaboration
Published: March 2024

Abstract
DUNE is a long-baseline accelerator experiment currently in construction at Fermilab and SURF (South Dakota). The science objectives of DUNE include the search for CP violation
in the leptonic sector and the identification of the neutrino mass hierarchy, along with the
observation of supernova neutrino bursts and proton decay.
The Far Detector consists of four modules located deep underground, three of those instrumented with Liquid Argon TPCs and equipped with the DUNE Photon Detection System (PDS). The PDS is based on a novel
light trapping technology that greatly enhances the DUNE physics reach,
improving vertex identification, energy resolution and providing the trigger for non-beam events.
Following a first run of data taking (from 2018 to 2020), the PDS of the two prototypes of the Far Detector located at CERN Neutrino Platform, ProtoDUNE-HD and ProtoDUNE-VD, is currently being reinstalled in order to implement the final design of the first (Horizontal Drift) and second (Vertical Drift) module.
This paper presents the latest results of the PDS from test facilities and the status of the installation in ProtoDUNE in view of its second run. The most important achievements of the Vertical Drift PDS are reported, with emphasis on the new SiPM configuration and cold electronics, the custom WaveLength Shifting bars, and the latest generation of the dichroic filter designed for ProtoDUNE-VD.
Chemical and green synthesis of gold nanoparticles for mRNA delivery in vitro
Authors: Venkatas Jeaneen , Singh Moganavelli 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Nanotechnology has paved the way for novel treatment strategies for diseases such as cancer. While chemical synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) can introduce toxic and expensive reducing reagents, green synthesis offers an alternative with dual reducing and capping properties. Curcumin exhibits favourable pharmacological properties, enabling synergism with the therapeutic cargo. This study aimed to compare green and chemically synthesised gold NPs for the delivery of FLuc-mRNA in vitro. Chemical and green synthesised AuNPs were produced using trisodium citrate and curcumin, respectively, and functionalised with poly-L-lysine (PLL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The NP:mRNA nanocomplexes were characterised using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and UV–visible spectroscopy. Various mRNA binding studies assessed the optimal mRNA binding, compaction, and protection of the mRNA. All AuNPs were small (<150 nm) and had good colloidal stability, mRNA binding, and protection. The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay showed favourable cell viability, with significant transgene expression noted using the luciferase reporter gene assay. Higher transfection was achieved in the human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) than in the breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Both chemically and curcumin-synthesised AuNPs displayed similar activity in all cells, with curcumin-capped AuNPs marginally better at the same concentration.
Dual-channel hypergraph convolutional network for predicting herb–disease associations
Authors: Hu Lun , Zhang Menglong , Hu Pengwei , Zhang Jun , Niu Chao , Lu Xueying , Jiang Xiangrui , Ma Yupeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Herbs applicability in disease treatment has been verified through experiences over thousands of years. The understanding of herb–disease associations (HDAs) is yet far from complete due to the complicated mechanism inherent in multi-target and multi-component (MTMC) botanical therapeutics. Most of the existing prediction models fail to incorporate the MTMC mechanism. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel dual-channel hypergraph convolutional network, namely HGHDA, for HDA prediction. Technically, HGHDA first adopts an autoencoder to project components and target protein onto a low-dimensional latent space so as to obtain their embeddings by preserving similarity characteristics in their original feature spaces. To model the high-order relations between herbs and their components, we design a channel in HGHDA to encode a hypergraph that describes the high-order patterns of herb-component relations via hypergraph convolution. The other channel in HGHDA is also established in the same way to model the high-order relations between diseases and target proteins. The embeddings of drugs and diseases are then aggregated through our dual-channel network to obtain the prediction results with a scoring function. To evaluate the performance of HGHDA, a series of extensive experiments have been conducted on two benchmark datasets, and the results demonstrate the superiority of HGHDA over the state-of-the-art algorithms proposed for HDA prediction. Besides, our case study on Chuan Xiong and Astragalus membranaceus is a strong indicator to verify the effectiveness of HGHDA, as seven and eight out of the top 10 diseases predicted by HGHDA for Chuan-Xiong and Astragalus-membranaceus, respectively, have been reported in literature.
Agreeing that maps can disagree: Moving away from map confusion in conservation
Authors: Dreiss Lindsay M , Anderson Mark G , Bateman Brooke L , Belote R Travis , Michalak Julia L , Rice Mindy B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Deciding where to implement actions for biodiversity conservation remains challenging for many reasons, including the increase in maps aimed at prioritizing locations for conservation efforts. Although a growing numbers of maps can create the perception of uncertainty and competing science, a shared set of principles underlie many mapping initiatives. We overlaid the priority areas identified by a subset of maps to assess the extent to which they agree. The comparison suggests that when maps are used without understanding their origin, confusion seems justified: The union of all maps covers 73% of the contiguous United States, whereas the intersection of all maps is at least 3.5%. Our findings support the need to place a strong focus on the principles and premises underpinning the maps and the end users’ intentions. We recommend developing a science-based guidance to aid scientists, policymakers, and managers in selecting and applying maps for supporting on-the-ground decisions addressing biodiversity loss and its interconnected crises.
Daily handover in surgery: systematic review and a novel taxonomy of interventions and outcomes
Authors: Ryan Jessica M , McHugh Fiachra , Simiceva Anastasija , Eppich Walter , Kavanagh Dara O , McNamara Deborah A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Poor-quality handovers lead to adverse outcomes for patients; however, there is a lack of evidence to support safe surgical handovers. This systematic review aims to summarize the interventions available to improve end-of-shift surgical handover. A novel taxonomy of interventions and outcomes and a modified quality assessment tool are also described.

Methods
Ovid MEDLINE®, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles up to April 2023. Comparative studies describing interventions for daily in-hospital surgical handovers between doctors were included. Studies were grouped according to their interventions and outcomes.

Results
In total, 6139 citations were retrieved, and 41 studies met the inclusion criteria. The total patient sample sizes in the control and intervention groups were 11 946 and 11 563 patients, respectively. Most studies were pre-/post-intervention cohort studies (92.7%), and most (73.2%) represented level V evidence. The mean quality assessment score was 53.4% (17.1). A taxonomy of handover interventions and outcomes was developed, with interventions including handover tools, process standardization measures, staff education, and the use of mnemonics. More than 25% of studies used a document as the only intervention. Overall, 55 discrete outcomes were assessed in four categories including process (n = 27), staff (n = 14), patient (n = 12) and system-level (n = 2) outcomes. Significant improvements were seen in 51.8%, 78.5%, 58.3% (n = 9761 versus 9312 patients) and 100% of these outcomes, respectively.

Conclusions
Most publications demonstrate that good-quality surgical handover improves outcomes and many interventions appear to be effective; however, studies are methodologically heterogeneous. These novel taxonomies and quality assessment tool will help standardize future studies.
Differential associations of fetuin-A and calcification propensity with cardiovascular events and subsequent mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Mori Katsuhito , Shoji Tetsuo , Nakatani Shinya , Uedono Hideki , Ochi Akinobu , Yoshida Hisako , Imanishi Yasuo , Morioka Tomoaki , Tsujimoto Yoshihiro , Kuro-o Makoto , Emoto Masanori 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Fetuin-A inhibits precipitation of calcium-phosphate crystals by forming calciprotein particles (CPP). A novel T50 test, which measures transformation time from primary to secondary CPP, is an index for calcification propensity. Both lower fetuin-A and shorter T50 levels were associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Extremely high risk for CVD death in advanced CKD patients consists of high-incidental CVD event and high mortality after CVD event. To date, it is unclear whether fetuin-A and/or T50 can equally predict each CVD outcome.

Methods
This prospective cohort study examined patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. The exposures were fetuin-A and T50. The outcomes of interests were new CVD events and subsequent deaths. The patients were categorized into tertiles of fetuin-A or T50 (T1 to T3).

Results
We identified 190 new CVD events during the 5-year follow-up of the 513 patients and 59 deaths subsequent to the CVD events during 2.5-year follow-up. A lower fetuin-A but not T50 was significantly associated with new CVD events [subdistribution hazard ratio (HR) 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–2.61, P = .009 for T1 vs T3]. In contrast, a shorter T50 but not fetuin-A was a significant predictor of deaths after CVD events (HR 3.31, 95% CI 1.42–7.74, P = .006 for T1 + T2 vs T3). A lower fetuin-A was predictive of new CVD events, whereas a shorter T50 was more preferentially associated with subsequent death.

Conclusion
These results indicate that fetuin-A and T50 are involved in cardiovascular risk in different manners.
Exposure to Synthetic Psychoactive Substances: A Potential Cause for Increased Human Hepatotoxicity Markers
Authors: Balloni Aurora , Tini Anastasio , Prospero Emilia , Busardò Francesco Paolo , Huestis Marilyn Ann , Lo Faro Alfredo Fabrizio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Approximately 30 million people worldwide consume new psychoactive substances (NPS), creating a serious public health issue due to their toxicity and potency. Drug-induced liver injury is the leading cause of liver disease, responsible for 4% of global deaths each year.

Content
A systematic literature search revealed 64 case reports, in vitro and in vivo studies on NPS hepatotoxicity. Maximum elevated concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (136 to 15 632 U/L), alanine transaminase (121.5 to 9162 U/L), total bilirubin (0.7 to 702 mg/dL; 0.04 to 39.03 mmol/L), direct (0.2–15.1 mg/dL; 0.01–0.84 mmol/L) and indirect (5.3 mg/dL; 0.29 mmol/L) bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (79–260 U/L), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (260 U/L) were observed as biochemical markers of liver damage, with acute and fulminant liver failure the major toxic effects described in the NPS case reports. In vitro laboratory studies and subsequent in vivo NPS exposure studies on rats and mice provide data on potential mechanisms of toxicity. Oxidative stress, plasma membrane stability, and cellular energy changes led to apoptosis and cell death. Experimental studies of human liver microsome incubation with synthetic NPS, with and without specific cytochrome P450 inhibitors, highlighted specific enzyme inhibitions and potential drug–drug interactions leading to hepatotoxicity.

Summary
Mild to severe hepatotoxic effects following synthetic NPS exposure were described in case reports. In diagnosing the etiology of liver damage, synthetic NPS exposure should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis. Identification of NPS toxicity is important for educating patients on the dangers of NPS consumption and to suggest promising treatments for observed hepatotoxicity.
Outcomes of thoracic endovascular aortic repair using fenestrated stent grafts in patients with thoracic aortic distal arch aneurysms
Authors: Okamoto Takeshi , Yokoi Yoshihiko , Sato Noriaki , Suzuki Shuhei , Enomoto Takashi , Onishi Ryo , Nakamura Norihito , Okubo Yuka , Nagasawa Ayako , Mishima Takehito , Shiraishi Shuichi , Tsuchida Masanori 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for aortic arch aneurysms is challenging because of anatomical restrictions and the presence of cervical branches. Revascularization of the cervical branch is required when conventional commercial stent grafts are used. TEVAR using fenestrated stent grafts (FSG) often does not require additional procedures to revascularize cervical branches. This study aimed to evaluate the features and initial and midterm outcomes of TEVAR using fenestrated stent grafts.

METHODS
From April 2007 to December 2016, 101 consecutive patients underwent TEVAR using fenestrated stent grafts for distal aortic arch aneurysms at a single centre. Technical success, complications, freedom from aneurysm-related death, secondary intervention and aneurysm progression were retrospectively investigated.

RESULTS
All the patients underwent TEVAR using fenestrated stent grafts. The 30-day mortality rate was zero. Cerebral infarction, access route problems and spinal cord injury occurred in 4, 3 and 2 patients, respectively. Each type of endoleak was observed in 38 of the 101 patients during the course of the study; 20/38 patients had minor type 1 endoleaks at the time of discharge. The endoleak disappeared in 2 patients and showed no significant change in 8 patients; however, the aneurysm expanded over time in 10 patients. Additional treatment was performed in 8 of the 10 patients with type 1 endoleaks and dilatation of the aneurysm. The rate of freedom from aneurysm-related death during the observation period was 98%.

CONCLUSIONS
TEVAR with FSG is a simple procedure, with few complications. Additional treatment has been observed to reduce aneurysm-related deaths, even in patients with endoleaks and enlarged aneurysms. Based on this study, the outcomes of endovascular repair of aortic arch aneurysms using a fenestrated stent graft seem acceptable.
Major improvement in thyroid cancer survival of elderly patients in the Nordic countries
Authors: Zitrický František , Koskinen Anni , Liska Vaclav , Försti Asta , Hemminki Akseli , Hemminki Kari 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We describe age-specific survival in thyroid cancer (TC) from Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden over a 50-year period.

Design
Population-based survival study.

Methods
Relative 5-year survival data were obtained from the NORDCAN database for the years 1972-2021.

Results
In the first period 1972-1976, 5-year survival in TC in Finland, Norway, and Sweden was 90% or higher, but a strong negative step-wise age gradient was observed, which was worse for men than women. Over time, survival increased, and in the final period, 2017-2021, survival for all women and Danish men up to age 69 years was about 90% or higher and, for men from the other countries, only marginally lower. Even for older women survival reached 80%, for older men somewhat less.

Conclusions
Age disadvantage in TC survival was for the most part corrected over the 50-year period, and the remaining task is to boost survival for the oldest patients.
Arm and ankle blood pressure indices, and peripheral artery disease, and mortality: a cohort study
Authors: Mohammedi Kamel , Pigeyre Marie , Bosch Jackie , Yusuf Salim , Gerstein Hertzel C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Few studies have compared arm and ankle blood pressures (BPs) with regard to peripheral artery disease (PAD) and mortality. These relationships were assessed using data from three large prospective clinical trials.

Methods
Baseline BP indices included arm systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), pulse pressure (arm SBP minus DBP), ankle SBP, ankle–brachial index (ABI, ankle SBP divided by arm SBP), and ankle–pulse pressure difference (APPD, ankle SBP minus arm pulse pressure). These measurements were categorized into four groups using quartiles. The outcomes were PAD (the first occurrence of either peripheral revascularization or lower-limb amputation for vascular disease), the composite of PAD or death, and all-cause death.

Results
Among 40 747 participants without baseline PAD (age 65.6 years, men 68.3%, diabetes 50.2%) from 53 countries, 1071 (2.6%) developed PAD, and 4955 (12.2%) died during 5 years of follow-up. Incident PAD progressively rose with higher arm BP indices and fell with ankle BP indices. The strongest relationships were noted for ankle BP indices. Compared with people whose ankle BP indices were in the highest fourth, adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for each lower fourth were 1.64 (1.31–2.04), 2.59 (2.10–3.20), and 4.23 (3.44–5.21) for ankle SBP; 1.19 (0.95–1.50), 1.66 (1.34–2.05), and 3.34 (2.75–4.06) for ABI; and 1.41 (1.11–1.78), 2.04 (1.64–2.54), and 3.63 (2.96–4.45) for APPD. Similar patterns were observed for mortality. Ankle BP indices provided the highest c-statistics and classification indices in predicting future PAD beyond established risk factors.

Conclusions
Ankle BP indices including the ankle SBP and the APPD best predicted PAD and mortality.