bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of two drainage angles in neurocritical care patients with complicated pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhao Anna , Zeng Huangrong , Yin Hui , Wang Jinlin , Yuan Wenming , Li Chao , Zhong Yan , Ma Lanlan , Liao Chongmao , Zeng Hong , Li Yan 
Published: February 2024

Background
Although head elevation is an early first-line treatment for elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), the use of the head-down or prone position in managing neurocritical patients is controversial because a change in a position directly affects the intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressure, which may cause secondary brain injury and affect patient outcomes. This study compared the effects of two postural drainage positions (30° head-up tilt and 0° head flat) on the prognosis of neurocritical care patients with complicated pneumonia and a clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) ≥5 points to provide a reference for selecting appropriate postural drainage positions for patients with pneumonia in neurocritical care units.

Methods
A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted with 62 neurocritical care patients with complicated pneumonia. The patients were categorized into control (=31) and experimental (=31) groups in a 1:1 ratio using a simple randomized non-homologous pairing method. Emphasis was placed on matching the baseline characteristics of the two groups, including patient age, sex, height, weight, Glasgow Coma Scale score, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cough reflex, and mechanical ventilation usage to ensure comparability. Both groups received bundled care for artificial airway management. The control group maintained a standard postural drainage position of 0° head-flat, whereas the experimental group maintained a 30° head-up tilt. The efficacy of the nursing intervention was evaluated by comparing the CPIS and other therapeutic indicators between the two groups after postural drainage.

Results
After the intervention, the within-group comparison showed a significant decrease in the CPIS (P < 0.001); procalcitonin levels showed a significant decreasing trend (P < 0.05); the arterial oxygen pressure significantly increased (P < 0.05); the oxygenation index significantly increased (P < 0.001); and the aspiration risk score showed a significant decreasing trend (P < 0.001). A between-group comparison showed no significant differences in any of the indicators before and after the intervention (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Postural drainage positions of 30° head-up tilt and 0° head-flat can improve the CPIS and oxygenation in patients without adverse effects. Therefore, we recommend that patients under neurological intensive care and having pneumonia be drained in a 30° head-up tilt position with good centralized care of the lung infection.

Trial registration
The study, “Study of Angles of Postural Drainage in Neurocritical Patients with Pneumonia,” was registered in the Protocol Registration Data Element Definitions for Interventional Study database (# ChiCTR2100042155); date of registration: 2021-01-14.
Influence of Different Planting Dates and Mulches on Growth, Yield and Economics of Potato
Authors: Pathak Gopal Swaroop , Singh Shrish Kumar , Singh C. P. 
Published: February 2024

The present research work was conducted at Pili kothi farm, Department of Agronomy, Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh during winter season of 2018 and 2019. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design. The treatments comprised of different planting dates viz. 20 days early planting on 17th October, 10 days early planting on 27th October, Optimum planting time on 7th November, 10 days late planting on 17th November and 20 days late planting on 27th November and different mulching practices viz. Organic mulch (Paddy straw at 5 t/ha), Plastic mulch (Black colour) and Control (Without mulch) of potato. There were 15 treatments and each were replicated to four folds. These treatments were randomly arranged in each replication and divided into sixty plots. The results revealed that the significantly maximum number of haulms/hill at 45 DAP (4.50, 4.70 and 4.60), plant height (52.30, 54.00 and 53.10 cm), dry weight/ (27.90, 28.20 and 28.00) plant at 60 DAP, weight of tubers/plant (496.40, 504.10 and 500.30), weight of tubers/plant (>75 g) (207.70, 209.00 and 208.30) and tuber yield (369.30, 370.70 and 370.00 q/ha) were recorded under 20 Days Early Planting On 17th October among different planting dates during first, second year and mean data also. Whereas among the mulching practices significant variation were recorded among the all parameter. However maximum number of haulms/hill (3.60, 3.70 and 3.70) at 45 DAP, plant height (50.20, 52.0 and 51.10 cm), dry weight/plant (25.5, 25.9 and 25.7) at 60 DAP, weight of tubers/plant (454.80, 460.70 and 457.70), weight of tubers/plant (>75 g) (191.90, 193.30 and 192.60) and tuber yield (333.80, 334.90 and 334.30 q/ha) under the organic mulch (paddy straw at 5 t/ha) respectively, during first, second year as well as in mean data also.
Mediterranean diet and risk for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Scarmeas Nikolaos , Stern Yaakov , Tang Ming‐Xin , Mayeux Richard , Luchsinger Jose A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractObjectivePrevious research in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has focused on individual dietary components. There is converging evidence that composite dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) is related to lower risk for cardiovascular disease, several forms of cancer, and overall mortality. We sought to investigate the association between MeDi and risk for AD.MethodsA total of 2,258 community‐based nondemented individuals in New York were prospectively evaluated every 1.5 years. Adherence to the MeDi (zero‐ to nine‐point scale with higher scores indicating higher adherence) was the main predictor in models that were adjusted for cohort, age, sex, ethnicity, education, apolipoprotein E genotype, caloric intake, smoking, medical comorbidity index, and body mass index.ResultsThere were 262 incident AD cases during the course of 4 (±3.0; range, 0.2–13.9) years of follow‐up. Higher adherence to the MeDi was associated with lower risk for AD (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.83–0.98; p = 0.015). Compared with subjects in the lowest MeDi tertile, subjects in the middle MeDi tertile had a hazard ratio of 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.63–1.16) and those at the highest tertile had a hazard ratio of 0.60 (95% confidence interval, 0.42–0.87) for AD (p for trend = 0.007).InterpretationWe conclude that higher adherence to the MeDi is associated with a reduction in risk for AD. Ann Neurol 2006
The health of employed women and men: work, family, and community correlates
Authors: Muhajarine Nazeem , Janzen Bonnie 
Published: April 2006

AbstractResearch into clarifying the relationship between social roles and health has increasingly focused on studying the particular circumstances in which occupying multiple roles may enhance or diminish well‐being. This study examined the association between a general measure of well‐being—self‐rated health—and the perceived quality of work, family and community in a sample of employed urban‐dwelling Canadians in a mid‐size city, and whether the nature of the association differed for men and women. Few gender differences were found in the perceived quality of work, family and community. However, men and women differed significantly in the specific type of quality measures associated with general health. For women, satisfaction with one's partner/spouse and in the money available to meet basic family needs had a stronger association with self‐rated health. For men, the significant correlates were satisfaction with family relationships (other than one's partner) and the community physical environment. For both women and men, a more socially cohesive community was associated with better self‐rated health. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IL‐22 regulates the expression of genes responsible for antimicrobial defense, cellular differentiation, and mobility in keratinocytes: a potential role in psoriasis
Authors: Wolk Kerstin , Witte Ellen , Wallace Elizabeth , Döcke Wolf‐Dietrich , Kunz Stefanie , Asadullah Khusru , Volk Hans‐Dieter , Sterry Wolfram , Sabat Robert 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIL‐22 is an IFN–IL‐10 cytokine family member, which is produced by activated Th1 and NK cells and acts primarily on epithelial cells. Here we demonstrate that IL‐22, in contrast to its relative IFN‐γ, regulates the expression of only a few genes in keratinocytes. This is due to varied signal transduction. Gene expressions regulated by IL‐22 should enhance antimicrobial defense [psoriasin (S100A7), calgranulin A (S100A8), calgranulin B (S100A9)], inhibit cellular differentiation (e.g., profilaggrin, keratins 1 and 10, kallikrein 7), and increase cellular mobility [e.g., matrix metalloproteinease 1 (MMP1, collagenase 1), MMP3 (stromelysin 1), desmocollin 1]. In contrast, IFN‐γ favored the expression of MHC pathway molecules, adhesion molecules, cytokines, chemokines, and their receptors. The IL‐22 effects were transcriptional and either independent of protein synthesis and secretion, or mediated by a secreted protein. Inflammatory conditions, but not keratinocyte differentiation, amplified the IL‐22 effects. IL‐22 application in mice enhanced cutaneous S100A9 and MMP1 expression. High IL‐22 levels in psoriatic skin were associated with strongly up‐regulated cutaneous S100A7, S100A8, S100A9, and MMP1 expression. Psoriatic patients showed strongly elevated IL‐22 plasma levels, which correlated with the disease severity. Expression of IL‐22 and IL‐22‐regulated genes was reduced by anti‐psoriatic therapy. In summary, despite similarities, IFN‐γ primarily amplifies inflammation, while IL‐22 may be important in the innate immunity and reorganization of epithelia.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Oxo Acid Derivatives by RhI‐Catalyzed Chelation‐Assisted Hydroacylation
Authors: Jo Eun‐Ae , Jun Chul‐Ho 
Published: April 2006

AbstractVarious oxo acid derivatives were obtained directly from the reaction of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes with ω‐alkenoic acid derivatives in the presence of rhodium(I) complexes and 2‐amino‐3‐picoline. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Influence of Operating Conditions on the Direct Electrochemical Oxidation of Methane on Cermet Based Anodes
Authors: Sin A. , Kopnin E. , Dubitsky Y. , Zaopo A. , Aricò A. S. , Gullo L. R. , La Rosa D. , Antonucci V. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA fuel cell anode consisting of gadolinia doped ceria and Ni‐Cu alloy cermet was investigated in CH4 fuel. Continuous operational times are reported up to 2,000 h. Morphological and electrochemical analyses are presented. These correlate the initial anode porosity with cell performance. Finally, redox experiments showed the possibility of using CH4 only as a reducing agent.
Curvature of Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells during Sealing and Cooling of Stacks
Authors: Malzbender J. , Wakui T. , Steinbrech R. W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThin solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), with a planar multi‐layer structure, typically exhibit curvature behavior and develop residual stresses originating from the thermal mismatch of the materials involved. The curvature effects oppose successful stack operation, which also relies on the permanent physical contact of geometrically stable planar cells. Curvature studies have been carried out as part of the project “Component Reliability in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems for Commercial Operation” (CORE‐SOFC). Various aspects of the curvature of unconstrained cells and cells fixed in stacks were considered. The experiments and theoretical analyses included the curvature changes due to anode reduction and the suppression of cell curvature, either by a compensation layer or by an additional surface load. The critical stresses in the layers are addressed and results are reported for different cell thicknesses and lengths. Cell flatness can be achieved with a compensation layer but the average residual tensile stress in the anode increases. On the other hand finite element analysis (FEA) indicates that relatively high loads are necessary to completely suppress cell curvature. Furthermore, analytical and FEA results on the curvature changes of sealed cells during cooling are presented and the impact of variations in sealing geometry is illustrated. The results are compared to in‐situ observations of model stacks, where curvature and strain are analyzed using image correlation.
Octacalcium phosphate combined with collagen orthotopically enhances bone regeneration
Authors: Kamakura Shinji , Sasaki Kazuo , Honda Yoshitomo , Anada Takahisa , Suzuki Osamu 
Published: April 2006

AbstractOctacalcium phosphate (OCP) is resorbable bone regenerative material, but its brittleness makes it difficult to maintain its shape without restraint. We have engineered a scaffold constructed of synthetic OCP and porcine collagen sponge (OCP/Collagen) and investigated whether OCP/Collagen composite could improve bone regeneration. To examine this hypothesis, bone regeneration by the implantation of OCP/Collagen was compared with those by OCP and collagen. Radiographic and histological examination was performed and the percentage of newly formed bone (n‐Bone%) in the defect was determined by a histomorphometrical analysis. OCP/Collagen, OCP, or collagen was implanted into the critical‐sized defects in rat crania and fixed at 2, 4, or 8 weeks after implantation. OCP/Collagen improved the handling performance than the granules of OCP, and synergistically enhanced the bone regeneration beyond expectation, which were composed of bone nucleation by OCP and cell infiltration by collagen. Histomorphometrical analysis showed that n‐Bone% ± standard error treated with OCP/Collagen (48.4 ± 5.14) was significantly higher than those with OCP (27.6 ± 4.04) or collagen (27.4 ± 5.69) in week 8. The present study suggests that the combination OCP with collagen elicited the synergistic effect for bone regeneration. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Kinetics and mechanism of formation of polymeric products during the hydroxyalkylation of parabanic acid with oxiranes
Authors: Zarzyka‐Niemiec Iwona , Lubczak Jacek 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe kinetics of the reaction between N‐(2‐hydroxyalkyl) hydroparabanates (HAHP) and N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxyalkyl) parabanates (HAP) with ethylene and propylene oxides were studied. The addition of oxiranes to imide function of HAHP led to the formation of HAP. Further reaction of HAP with oxiranes resulted in trioxoimidazolidine ring opening and polymeric products. The kinetics of the system was studied in detail. Based on the final kinetic equations, the mechanism of the reactions was postulated. The temperature dependences of kinetic parameters and analytical data provided experimental evidences supporting the mechanism. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 399–406, 2006
Simulation of Phase Transitions of Single Polymer Chains: Recent Advances
Authors: Binder K. , Baschnagel J. , Müller M. , Paul W. , Rampf F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSummary:The behaviour of a flexible polymer chain in solvents of variable quality in dilute solution is discussed both in the bulk and in the presence of an adsorbing wall. Monte Carlo simulations of coarse‐grained bead‐spring models and of the bond fluctuation model are presented and interpreted in terms of phenomenological theories and scaling concepts. Particular attention is paid to the behaviour of the polymer chain when the temperature of the polymer solution gets lower than the Theta temperature. It is argued that the adsorption transition line at the Theta temperature splits into lines of wetting and drying transitions of polymer globules attached to the wall. In addition, it is shown that the coil‐globule transition is followed by a second transition, which in the bond fluctuation model is a crystallization into a regular lattice structure. Performing a finite size scaling analysis on the two transitions it is shown that (for the chosen model) both transitions coincide in the thermodynamic limit, corresponding to a direct collapse of the random coil into the crystal without intermediate coil‐globule transition. The implications of this result for the standard mean field or tricritical theory of the coil‐globule transition based on a truncated virial expansion are discussed.
Polymorphism of nylon‐6 in multiwalled carbon nanotubes/nylon‐6 composites
Authors: Li Juan , Fang Zhengping , Tong Lifang , Gu Aijuan , Liu Fu 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effects of pristine and amino‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on the crystallization behaviors of nylon‐6 were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction. The results indicate the presence of polymorphism in nylon‐6 and its composites, which is dependent on the MWNTs concentration and the cooling rate. More MWNTs and slow cooling from the melt favors the formation of α crystalline form. With the increase in cooling rates, the crystallinity of neat nylon‐6 decreases, and that of the composites decreases initially but increases afterward. Moreover, the degree of crystallinity of the composites is higher than neat nylon‐6 under high cooling rates, counter to what is observed under low cooling rates. The heterogeneous nucleation induced by MWNTs and the restricted mobility of polymer chains are considered as the main factors. Furthermore, addition of MWNTs increases the crystallization rate of α crystalline form but amino‐functionalization of MWNTs weakens this effect. The influence of thermal treatment on the crystalline structure of MWNTs/nylon‐6 composites is also discussed. A γ–α phase transition takes place at lower temperature for MWNTs/nylon‐6 composites than for nylon‐6. The annealing peaks of the composites annealed at 160 °C are higher than that of neat nylon‐6, and the highest annealing peak is obtained for amino‐functionalized MWNTs/nylon‐6 composites. This phenomenon is closely related to the different nucleation and recrystallization behaviors produced by various MWNTs in confined space. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1499–1512, 2006
Transparent superhydrophobic surfaces by self‐assembly of hydrophobic monolayers on nanostructured surfaces
Authors: Kemell Marianna , Färm Elina , Leskelä Markku , Ritala Mikko 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTransparent superhydrophobic surfaces were prepared by self‐assembly of hydrophobic n‐octa‐ decyltrimethoxysilane (H3C(CH2)17Si(OCH3)3, ODS) and (3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl)trimethoxysilane (F3C(CH2)2Si(OCH3)3, FAS3) monolayers from gas phase on transparent nanoporous alumina surfaces. Water contact angles on the silylated transparent porous alumina surfaces showed a strong dependence on the dimensions of the underlying porous structure. The highest contact angle (153°) was measured on an ODS monolayer on a porous alumina surface that had a pore diameter of about 50 nm. The superhydrophobic surfaces prepared in this work are transparent and stable which widens the range of their potential applications. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magneto‐optical scanning near‐field microscope
Authors: Alvarez‐Prado L.‐M. , Schoenmaker J. , Santos A. D. , Fournier T. , Souche Y. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA set‐up able to achieve a magnetic characterization at a sub‐micron scale will be presented. Together with topographic and optical images, it is possible to plot local hysteresis loops (LHL) and magneto‐optical differential susceptibility (MODS) using a transverse MOKE‐like configuration. We will show how MODS allows to follow the evolution of the wall and domains on a micron sized object. A comparison between the images of domains and the micromagnetic simulations on several micron sized objects will be finally presented. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Potential anti‐inflammatory effects of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil on human peripheral blood leukocytes
Authors: Caldefie‐Chézet F. , Fusillier C. , Jarde T. , Laroye H. , Damez M. , Vasson M‐P. , Guillot J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe fungicidal and bactericidal actions of the essential oil (EO) of Melaleuca alternifolia seem well established, but their anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative effects remain unclear. This study investigated in vitro the possible role of whole Melaleuca alternifolia EO as a modulator of the inflammatory/non‐specific immune response by exploring the chemotaxis and kinetic radical oxygen species (ROS) production of leukocytes and cytokine secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in humans.The influence of Melaleuca alternifolia EO on the chemotaxis under agarose of isolated neutrophils (PMNs) was evaluated. The kinetics of ROS production by stimulated total circulating leukocytes was followed over 2 h by recording the fluorescence intensity of oxidized dihydrorhodamine 123. The effects of this EO on pro‐(interleukin IL‐2) and anti‐(IL‐4 and IL10) inflammatory cytokine secretions were determined by ELISA following incubation of PBMCs with the EO for 24 h.Melaleuca alternifolia EO was inefficient on the chemotaxis of PMNs. It exerted an antioxidant effect, reducing ROS production throughout the kinetic study. Melaleuca alternifolia EO inhibited PBMC proliferation, as revealed by a reduction in IL‐2 secretion by stimulated lymphocytes. This EO at 0.1% directly increased the secretion of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐4 compared with IL‐4 secretion without EO (18.5 ± 10.0 vs 3.3 ± 1, p < 0.05), and also increased IL‐10 secretion at 0.01% (94.9 ± 38.7 vs 44.1 ± 18, ns). Melaleuca alternifolia EO may not only act as an anti‐inflammatory mediator through its antioxidant activity but may also efficiently protect the organism by reducing the proliferation of inflammatory cells without affecting their capacity to secrete anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corydalis yanhusuo rhizoma extract reduces infarct size and improves heart function during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion by inhibiting apoptosis in rats
Authors: Ling Haiyun , Wu Limao , Li Lianda 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of an extract from Corydalis yanhusuo W.T., a Chinese herbal medicine, on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and to determine the mechanism(s) involved. In rats, the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was occluded for 30 min and then reperfused for 6 h. 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium was used as a vehicle (I/R control group) and Corydalis yanhusuo rhizoma extract (I/R + CY 200, 100 mg/kg groups) were given. Infarct size and hemodynamic parameters were measured. Apoptosis was detected quantitatively by the terminal transferase dUTP nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) method and confirmed by DNA laddering on agarose gel. The expression of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 and pro‐apoptotic Bax proteins was visualized by western blot analysis. In contrast to the I/R control group, administration with CY 200 mg/kg resulted in a significant reduction in the infarct size and an improvement in heart function as evidenced by higher LVSP and ±dp/dtmax. TUNEL‐positive cells in the ischemic myocardium were also significantly reduced in the I/R + CY 200, 100 mg/kg groups, consistent with little DNA laddering in these two groups. Furthermore, greater Bcl‐2 and attenuated Bax expression was found in the CY treated rats. These results suggest that the protective effect of Corydalis yanhusuo on myocardial I/R injury is closely associated with the inhibition of myocardial apoptosis through modulation of the Bcl‐2 family. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.