bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creatine supplements in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies who are clinically weak after conventional pharmacologic treatment: Six‐month, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Chung Yuen‐li , Alexanderson Helene , Pipitone Nicoló , Morrison Catherine , Dastmalchi Maryam , Ståhl‐Hallengren Christina , Richards Selwyn , Thomas E. Louise , Hamilton Gavin , Bell Jimmy D. , Lundberg Ingrid E. , Scott David L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that oral creatine supplements with exercise are more effective than exercise alone in improving muscle function in patients with established dermatomyositis or polymyositis receiving chronic medical therapies who are clinically weak yet stable.MethodsIn a 6‐month, 2‐center, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial, patients were randomized to receive oral creatine supplements (8 days, 20 gm/day then 3 gm/day) or placebo. All patients followed a home exercise program. The primary outcome was aggregate functional performance time (AFPT), reflecting the ability to undertake high‐intensity exercise. Secondary outcomes included a functional index measuring endurance and muscle bioenergetics on 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS). Patients were receiving stable immunosuppressive treatment and/or corticosteroids.ResultsA total of 37 patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis were randomized (19 to creatine, 18 to placebo); 29 completed 6 months. Intent‐to‐treat analyses demonstrated that AFPT improved significantly at 6 months with creatine (median decrease 13%, range –32–8%) compared with placebo (median decrease 3%, range –13–16%; P = 0.029 by Mann‐Whitney U test). A completer analysis also showed significant benefits from creatine (P = 0.014). The functional index improved significantly with both creatine and placebo (P < 0.05 by paired Wilcoxon's rank sum test), with a significant benefit between groups in the completer analysis only. Phosphocreatine/β‐nucleoside triphosphate ratios using MRS increased significantly in the creatine group (P < 0.05) but not in the control group. No clinically relevant adverse events were associated with creatine.ConclusionOral creatine supplements combined with home exercises improve functional performance without significant adverse effects in patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis. They appear safe, effective, and inexpensive.
Überprüfung des Tragverhaltens der Talbrücke Altwipfergrund
Authors: Novák Balthasar , Denzer Gundolf , Reichert Frank 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMitte der 1980er Jahre wurden in Frankreich erstmals Balkenbrücken als Doppelverbundsystem mit Trapezblechstegen im Brückenbau gebaut. Dieses Prinzip wurde kurze Zeit später in Japan übernommen, und dort wurden verstärkt Verbundbrücken dieser Art ausgeführt. Erste Überlegungen, in Deutschland solche Bauwerke, die eine enorme Trageffizienz aufweisen, zu realisieren, gab es ebenfalls bereits in den 1980er Jahren, doch leider wurde bis heute nur ein Tragwerk dieser Art, die Talbrücke Altwipfergrund, ausgeführt. Im Rahmen eines umfangreichen Kooperationsforschungsprojekts wurden prinzipielle Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten und zur Detailausbildung von Brückenquerschnitten mit Trapezblechstegen durchgeführt, um diese interessante Bauweise mit einem verbesserten Bemessungskonzept konkurrenzfähig zu machen.Weiterhin konnten die Erkenntnisse der numerischen Berechnungen und Laborversuche durch Messungen an der Talbrücke Altwipfergrund ergänzt werden, um Aussagen über das Tragverhalten zu treffen und aufbauend darauf Verbesserungspotential in den Bereichen Stegdicke, Wirkung der Vorspannung sowie deutliche Reduktion der Verbundmittel zwischen Steg und Betongurt für spätere Bauwerke dieser Art aufzeigen zu können.
Spannbandbrücke mit Kohlenstofffaser‐Lamellen
Authors: Schlaich Mike , Bleicher Achim 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIm Bauwesen werden Kohlenstofffaser‐Lamellen bisher fast ausschließlich zur Verstärkung bestehender Bauwerke verwendet. Im Einsatz für den Neubau liegt ein großes, derzeit kaum genutztes, wirtschaftliches und konstruktives Potential. In der Versuchshalle des Instituts für Bauingenieurwesen der TU Berlin wurde nun eine Spannbandbrücke gebaut, deren primäres Tragelement aus Kohlenstofffaser‐Lamellen besteht. Spannbandbrücken gehören zu den leichtesten und elegantesten Brückenbauwerken. Die Geh‐ bzw. Fahrbahnplatten liegen direkt auf Bändern auf, die zwischen zwei Widerlagern spannen und dort verankert sind. Üblicherweise werden für die Bänder Stahlbleche oder ‐seile verwendet. Die Verwendung von Kohlenstofffaser‐Lamellen anstelle der Stahlbänder ermöglicht die Weiterentwicklung dieses Brückentyps. Im Vergleich zu gewöhnlichen Baustählen können mit diesem Werkstoff, wegen seiner ca. 10‐mal größeren Zugfestigkeit bei einem Fünftel des Eigengewichts, größere Spannweiten und schlankere Querschnitte realisiert werden.
Entwicklung einer Großelement‐Dämmtechnik (GEDT) mit Vakuum‐Isolationspaneelen (VIP) mit Anwendungsbeispielen – TEIL 1: Entwicklung und Technik
Authors: Reyer Eckhard , Kröger Rainer , Bamberger Cécile 
Published: April 2007

AbstractVor dem Hintergrund der Notwendigkeit nachhaltiger Reduzierung des Heizenergiebedarfs sowie auch zukünftig noch steigender Anforderungen an den Wärmeschutz der Gebäudehülle und der Tatsache fallweise nur zögerlicher Bereitschaft der Eigentümer ihre Altbausubstanz energetisch nachzurüsten, wurde die Großelement‐Dämmtechnik (GEDT) mit geschosshohen, raumbreiten Großelementen entwickelt, ursprünglich noch mit konventionellem Dämmstoff und nun auch mit Vakuum‐Isolationspaneelen (VIP): Dämmtechnisch hoch wirksam, geringer Platzbedarf, witterungsunabhängige Werksfertigung mit gleich bleibend hohem Qualitätsniveau, schneller Montage und Geringhalten von Lärm und Schmutz in der Sanierungsphase.Nach kurzer Darstellung der Historie der GEDT werden im Teil 1 dieses Beitrags die Ergebnisse des Forschungsvorhabens zur Entwicklung einer GEDT mit VIP detailliert beschrieben, die Wärmedämmeigenschaften unter Ansatz unterschiedlicher VIP‐Dicken für fast beliebig gedämmte Althauswände im Rahmen einer Parameterbetrachtung diskutiert und im Teil 2 der erste Anwendungsfall – die energetische Sanierung dreier Wohnhäuser in Hofheim – vorgestellt. Gleichzeitig werden in Abschn.8 (Prognosen – Perspektiven – Ausblick) Rationalisierungsvorschläge – gewonnen aus der Erfahrung dieser GEDT‐VIP‐Anwendung – formuliert. Hierbei zeichnen sich – wenn die Beurteilung allein nach Kosten erfolgt – im Vergleich zur “GEDT mit VIP” gewisse Vorteile für eine Technik mit mittelformatigen, vorgefertigten, von Hand habbaren Dämmelementen mit VIP (“Komplettplattentechnik mit VIP”) ab.Im Rahmen dieses Ausblicks wird auch eine Kostenuntergrenze für VIP‐Dämmung von Fassaden abschätzend angegeben. Dabei wird im bereits erwähnten Abschnitt 8 (Prognosen – Perspektiven – Ausblick) darauf hingewiesen, dass eine VIP‐Dämmung zur Zeit zwar im Regelfall zu deutlich höheren Kosten als eine vergleichbare konventionelle Dämmung führt, dass jedoch die Vorteile durch die geringere Dämmschichtdicke der VIP bei künftig sicher steigenden Ansprüchen an die Wärmedämmung (U‐Wert) überproportional zunehmen werden und dass langfristig der “pure” Kostenfaktor als Entscheidungskriterium für ein Dämmsystem zugunsten des Entscheidungskriteriums Raumbedarf in vielen Anwendungsfällen etwas mehr in den Hintergrund treten wird.
Some Applications of a Bivariate BOREL‐TANNER Distribution
Authors: Gupta R. P. , Jain G. C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper considers the probability distribution of the number of customers served in the busy period of a single server queue with POISSON input and constant service time. Applications to traffic flow, semi‐infinite discrete dam and branching processes are described. It is shown that in many situations the bivariate BOREL‐TANNER distribution provides a better fit than the bivariate negative binomial distribution.
Partition of Genetic Variance for Sub‐Populations
Authors: Wessely E. Ch. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe variance between and within backcrosses of two populations is partitioned on the base of (I) multinomially distributed numbers of effects of specific chromosomes taking (II) recombination into account and on the base of (III) normally distributed sums of gene effects. The method of estimation makes use of a specific structure of data with backcross parents taken from different generations of random mating reproduction of crosses between the two populations.
A Report on a Monte Carlo Simulation of the Sampling Distribution of the Incidence Test and its Two Related Tests
Authors: Kannemann K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA large‐scale (5000 throws) Monte Carlo simulation experiment was carried out to study the nature of the sampling distributions of the incidence test and its two related tests, the FRIEDMAN test and the dual test, and to evaluate the goodness of the proposed gamma approximation relative to the conventional chi‐square approximation. For all three tests, on the basis of the experimental results obtained for k = 3, 4, 5, and N = k(1) (120/k), the gamma approximation should be preferred over the chi‐square. Exact companion tabulations show that use of the chi‐square approximation entails an appreciable conservative bias. Extensive listings are provided of the moments of the experimental distributions of the three test statistics, and of the observed distributions of the corresponding gamma probabilities. The simulation experiment was run on a UNIVAC 1108 large‐scale computer system.
Theoretical Comparison of Grab and Composite Sampling Programs
Authors: Schaeffer D. J. , Janardan K. G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA mathematical formula for determining the sampling frequency on the basis of the coefficients of variation of the various parameters of interest of water quality is developed.The uncertainty or the variability of each sampling program is expressed as a function of the sampling design variable in order to construct a performance index which will enable one to select the best sampling program. The notion of information content is used as a basis for the performance index.Under certain circumstances, the information content of a single composite is more than that of a single grab sample. However, the average of a series of grab samples provides more information than the average of a series of composite samples. This happens because the individual information content (entropy) of discrete portions of the composite sample are confounded in the average.It is shown that if the variability of the proportions is greater than the upper limit (provided in Table 2), the information content of the composite, where the volume of each discrete portion is collected in proportion to the rate of flow (or discharge) at the time it is collected, is much smaller than that of the same number of grab samples or composite samples collected at constant volume‐constant time intervals.Time constant, volume proportional‐to‐flow since last sample composites have the same disadvantages.
A Class of Phase‐Confounded Designs
Authors: El‐Beshir Z. A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new class of phase‐confounded designs is suggested. The class possesses the property that if in a year one of the rotations carries the test crop all other rotations also do. It also leads to equal block sizes when the rotations are structured in specified ways. Conditions under which designs of this class exist as well as method of constructing them are discussed.
A New Functional Equation Analogous to CAUCHT‐PEXIDER Functional Equation and its Application
Authors: Janardan K. G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe CAUCHY‐PEXIDER functional equationH(x±y)=F(x)G(y) is generalized to the formH((xc±yc)1/c) =F(x)G(y),c≠0, assuming the functionH(x) possesses a measurable majorant on a set of positive measure. The result is used to obtain a characterization of WEIBULL distribution. This functional equation is generalized to functions of vector variables.
An Unbalanced Nested Model with Random Effects Having Unequal Variances
Authors: Hussein Mohamed , Milliken George A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractConsider the model Yijk=μ + ai + bij + eijk (i=1, 2,…, t; j=1,2,…, Bi; k=1,2…,nij), where μ is a constant and a1,bij and eijk are distributed independently and normally with zero means and variances σ2adij and σ2, respectively, where it is assumed that the di's and dij's are known. In this paper procedures for estimating the variance components (σ2, σ2a and σ2b) and for testing the hypothesis σ2b = 0 and σ2a = 0 are presented. In the last section the mixed model yijk, where xijkkm are known constants and βm's are unknown fixed effects (m = 1, 2,…,p), is transformed to a fixed effect model with equal variances so that least squares theory can be used to draw inferences about the βm's.
A Simple Nonparametric Test for Trend: An Example Based on a Biological Model for Cancer of the Pancreas
Authors: Reid N. , Levitt M. H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn the statistical analysis of a recent series of experiments concerned with the morphogenesis of induced pancreatic neoplasms, the problem of testing for trend in a series of events was encountered. A nonparametric test for trend, similar to the well‐known TERPSTRA‐JONCKHEERE test, is proposed herein; its use is illustrated with data from the experiments.
Zahlenverhältnisse von Häufigkeiten
Authors: Hellmich K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn evaluating data, one acknowledges as a scientist the superiority of the K‐procedure on account of the versatility of its application, e.g. in answering the question not only as to its causal context, in proving two features to be contemporaneous and equally strong effects of a material third factor, or in accordance with a “criterion of parallel problems”, but also in demonstrating the mutual matching of two frequency‐ratios and the matching of one frequency‐ratio with a given proportion, e.g. 3: 1, and the matching of a continuing proportion collected from observed frequencies with a given continuing proportion, e.g. 9:3:3: 1.This is demonstrated in the examples in the literature, which hitherto have been treated only according to the classical procedure.
Optimum Designs for Estimating the Variance Components in a Simple Variance Component Model (Model II), I
Authors: Herrendörfer G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe methods of optimal designing of experiments proposed by WALD (1943) are used for determination of an Aσ2‐optimal concrete design for estimation of σ2′ = (σ, σ) in case of one‐way analysis of variance. Starting point of definition of the optimality criterion is a quadratic loss matrix.
On the KOLMOGOROV‐SMIRNOV Test for the POISSON Distribution with Unknown Mean
Authors: Campbell D. B. , Oprian C. A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe standard tables for the KOLMOGOROV‐SMIRNOV test are valid only in the case of testing whether a set of observations is from a completely specified cumulative distribution, F0(X), with all parameters known. If the parameters are unknown and must be estimated from the sample, then the tables are not valid.A table is given in this paper for use with the KOLMOGOROV‐SMIRNOV statistic in the case of testing whether a set of observations is from the POISSON distribution with an unknown mean that must be estimated from the sample. The table is obtained from a Monte Carlo calculation.
A General Computing Algorithm for Factor Analysis
Authors: Derflinger G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA general algorithm for the factor analysis is developed, which contains the alpha factor analysis, the maximum likelihood method and the minres method as special cases. This algorithm, which is a multidimensional NEWTON algorithm, uses the partial derivatives of the reproduced communalities with respect to the inserted ones. The partial derivatives are got by means of the perturbation theory.
Quantitative Description and Mathematical Modelling of Biological Systems by Means of Nonlinear Approximations – Demonstrated at the Example of the Body Length Growth of Man
Authors: Peil J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAfter general remarks upon the biomathematical tasks of quantitative description or mathematical modelling of biological systems and phenomena on different levels of organization the growth process of body length of human beings serves as illustration of the possibilities of such mathematical treatments. A short survey is given about the attempts of using differential equations for reflecting basic principles of growth processes. Further on analytical functions (as the solutions of growth differential equations) preferably may be used for an objective quantitative reproducing of measured courses of growth variables. The values of parameters contained in such expressions will be calculated by nonlinear fitting procedures. In nearly all cases we got a very high numerical precision in approximating parts of the body length growth process of man which extends from conception until the age of 18. Our attempts of a phenomenologic‐mathematical modelling of this growth process mean a subdividing of the whole process in single growth spurts with a symmetric‐sigmoidal shape of their courses, and describing the single spurt by a hyperbolic tangent function. An advantage of this kind of modelling is the fact that each of the terms is valid for the whole time interval of growth. Within the process of forming the model heuristical hints are taken into consideration arising from biological background and which would supply the possibility of interpretation and verification of the analyzed growth spurts.
A Stochastic Model for the Predatory Behaviour of Naive Spiderlings (Araneas: Salticidae)
Authors: Manly B. F. J. , Forster Lyn 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA stochastic model is proposed for the hunting behaviour of jumping spiders when they are newly emerged from the egg‐sac. The model takes into account the fact that the spiders are often unsuccessful when they attempt to catch prey for the first time and also the fact that their rate of response to prey slows down with time if they are unsuccessful. It is shown that the spiderlings ability to catch perceived prey improves with the number of prey captured. The model has been fitted to experimental data using the method of maximum likelihood and a good fit has been obtained. The model could be used as part of a model for the whole predation system.
Stepwise Variable Selection in Classification Problems
Authors: Farver T. B. , Dunn O. J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwo variable selection procedures are evaluated for classification problems: a forward stepwise discrimination procedure, and a stepwise procedure preceded by a preliminary screening of variables on the basis of individual t statistics. Expected probability of correct classification is used as the measure of performance. A comparison is made of the procedures using samples from multi‐variate normal populations and from several nonnormal populations.The study demonstrated some situations where the use of all variables is preferable to the use of a stepwise discriminant procedure stopping after a few steps, though usually the latter procedure was superior in performance. However where the stepwise procedure performed better than using all variables, the modified stepwise procedure performed still better. The use of modified stepwise procedures in which not all the covariances of the problem need be estimated seems promising.
Das Gesetz der absoluten Geschwindigkeiten biologischer Prozesse
Authors: Trinchee K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe dependency of the velocity of biological processes from the temperature is described by the “Law of absolute velocity of biological processes”, which has only the individual parameters energy of activation ΔE, and the universal constant C. The law holds for all biological processes and is expressed by the equation:magnified imagewhere C is:magnified image.
Properties and Application of the Location‐Test V (n, k)
Authors: Rey G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe present paper is concerned with the properties of a test statistic V(n, k) to test location differences in the one‐sample case with known hypothetical distribution G(x). The test is similar to the WILCOXON two‐sample statistic after replacement of the second sample by quantiles of the hypothetical distribution. A comparison with the exact distribution of V(n, k) shows that an approximation by means of the normal distribution provides good results even for small sample sizes. The V‐test is unbiased against one‐tailed alternatives and it is consistent with a restriction which is hardly relevant in practical applications.With regard to the application we are interested especially in the power and robustness against extreme observations for small sample size n. It is shown that in a normal distribution with known standard deviation V(n, k) is more powerful than STUDENT's t for small n and more robust in the sense considered here.The test statistic is based on grouping of the observations into classes of equal expected frequency. A generalization to arbitrary classes provides an essential extension of applicability such as to discrete distributions and to situations where only relative frequencies of G(x) in fixed classes are known.
The Design and Analysis of Twin Animal Experiments
Authors: Longmuir J. , Raktoe B. L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe experimental design used in twin studies on veal calves at the University of Guelph during the years 1965–1968 combined split trials with uniformity trials on each treatment. Each replicate consisted of four twin pairs. Both members of one pair selected at random were put on treatment 1, both members of another pair were put on treatment 2, and the remaining two pairs were “split” with one twin from each pair randomly assigned to each treatment. There were a number of replicates of this basic design over the course of the experiment. The objective of this paper is: (i) to determine the feasibility of an overall analysis of the given design, (ii) to determine an accurate method for assessing treatment effects, and (iii) to find an efficient method for detecting the presence of treatment Xpair interaction.
Percentage Points of MultivariatetDistribution with Zero Correlations and their Application
Authors: Chen Hubert J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThek‐variatetdistribution plays an important role in the application of Multiple Comparison Procedures, Ranking and Selection Procedures, and Estimation of Ranked Parameters. This distribution was considered by several authors in the past and is now widely used. In this paper, tables of some percentage points of the multivariatetdistribution are tabulated for given probability level γ = 0.80, 0.90, 0.95, and 0.99; population sizek= 2(1)20; and degrees of freedomv=2(1) 30(5)60 with common correlation coefficient ϱ = 0. The accuracy of the percentage points is specifically determined (and is up to the fourth decimal place). An application of these tables is considered for interval estimation of the largest mean ofk(≧2) normal populations.
BAYESian Approach to the Prediction of the Restricted Range in the Censored Samples from the Exponential Population
Authors: Lingappaiah G. S. 
Published: April 2007

Abstractk independent samples 0, 1, 2,…,k – 1 (or stages 0, 1,…. k – 1) are available from the exponential population. Each of k – 1 samples, except the sample 0 are censored both above and below. Restricted range is defined as the difference between largest and the smallest among the available observations. Prediction of this restricted range at stage k (in the future sample k) on the basis of the restricted ranges at earlier 1, 2,…k – 1 stages is attempted by obtaining the predictive distribution of this range at stage k. Probability that the variance at stage k is smaller than that at stage k – 1, is evaluated along with the probability integral. An illustrative example is given with simulated samples.