bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADAPTIVE MESHFREE METHOD BASED ON ADDING AND MOVING NODES
Authors: HAGIHARA SEIYA , MOTODA SHINJI , TSUNORI MITSUYOSHI , IKEDA TORU , MIYAZAKI NORIYUKI 
Published: July 2007

The objective of the present research is to apply element-free Galerkin (EFG) method to adaptive analyses. It is necessary to estimate error of numerical solutions of EFG method for adaptive analyses to evaluate accuracy of EFG method. Posteriori errors can be estimated by differences of solutions between the linear and the quadratic basis functions. But it is not economical to perform the two respective calculations in regard to the linear and the quadratic basis function. Then the linear function is used only when the stiffness matrix is calculated. Then both the linear and the quadratic basis function are used when the stress and strain are calculated. The error estimation is performed in an each background cell by using the error of energy norm. In the adaptive analysis, a node is added at the quadrature point which is the same as the center of gravity of a background cell where the error is higher than the threshold value.The nodal relocation method is applied to smoothing the distribution of nodes in domain of an analysis model. The nodal relocation method in which nodes are automatically moved and relocated using physical interbubble forces called bubble meshing for FEM is applied to the adaptive analysis after additional nodes are generated. The nodes are relocated corresponding to the error of the background cells. The calculations of the analysis can be repeated again after the posteriori error estimation.The adaptive EFG method and the nodal relocation method are applied to a problem of an infinite plate with a hole subjected to a uniform tension. Nodal density is increased at the vicinity of the hole where the error is large in the analysis. The nodal relocation method can be successful to relocate the nodes which are generated at the quadrature points of higher posteriori error. The difference between the calculated solution and the exact solution are smaller than that of the previous solution as the calculations are repeated.
Theoretical Design of a Molecular Switch with Controlled Hydrogen Bonds: Electronic and Vibrational Spectra of [Co(2,2′-biimidazole)(C6H4O2)(NH3)2]2
Authors: Mori Hirotoshi , Miyoshi Eisaku 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The electronic and vibrational spectra of a proton–electron-coupled inorganic complex [Co(Hbim)(C6H4O2)(NH3)2]2 having multistable states, were theoretically investigated using density functional theory calculations using B3LYP parameters. The electronic excitation spectrum in the low-spin ground 1Ag state of the complex has no strong absorption in the visible region (600–700 nm), while in the high-spin 5A1 and 9Ag complexes, some prominent peaks were predicted in the visible region. Frequency analyses of the 1Ag, 5A1, and 9Ag states showed the strong band of the NH stretching vibration at 2690, 2120, and 2770 cm−1, respectively. Based on this, it is possible to distinguish 5A1 from 1Ag and 9Ag by measuring IR light absorption at 2120 cm−1, showing that [Co(Hbim)(C6H4O2)(NH3)2]2 would be a good candidate for use as optically durable molecular level memory.
Predicting the risk of a false-positive test for women following a mammography screening programme
Authors: Njor Sisse Helle , Olsen Anne Helene , Schwartz Walter , Vejborg Ilse , Lynge Elsebeth 
Published: July 2007

Objectives: The objectives of this study was to provide a simple estimate of the cumulative risk of a false-positive test for women participating in mammography screening. To test the method, we used data from two well-established, organized mammography screening programmes offering biennial screening to women aged 50–69 years in Copenhagen and Fyn, Denmark. Methods: We defined the outcome from a screen as being either a false-positive test or not a false-positive test. We then tested whether the outcomes from subsequent screens were independent, and afterwards estimated the risk over 10 screens of a false-positive test, i.e. the risk of getting at least one false-positive test for a woman participating in all 10 screens typically offered in Europe. Results The outcomes of subsequent screens were found to be independent. After completion of screening rounds 3–5, the risk of a false-positive test over 10 screens was predicted to be 15.8–21.5% for a woman participating in the programme in Copenhagen, and 8.1–9.6% for a woman participating in the programme in Fyn. Conclusions Our study showed that a relatively robust prediction of the risk of a false-positive test over 10 screens can be calculated in a simple way relatively early after the start of a mammography screening programme.
Diversity, abundance and distribution of macroalgae at Sirinart Marine National Park, Phuket Province, Thailand
Authors: Thongroy Pimonrat , Liao Lawrence M. , Prathep Anchana 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDiversity, abundance and distribution of intertidal macroalgae were investigated in relation to environmental conditions (site, shore level, salinity, temperature, NO3-and) in Sirinart Marine National Park, Phuket province, Thailand, from January to November 2004. The shores were divided into 3 categories by shore level: upper, mid and lower shores; and 3 sampling sites: sites 1, 2 and 3. A total of 52 species of macroalgae were recorded. Nine species are considered to be new records for the Thai marine flora. The average diversity index of macroalgae differed slightly among sites: 0.92±0.07 (mean±SE), 1.00±0.13 and 0.94±0.16 for site 1, site 2 and site 3, respectively. There was significant difference in abundance of macroalgae among sites and seasons.Lyngbya majusculaandPadina australiswere the most abundant species. Their percentage covers were 31.66±7.21% and 27.77±4.67% in site 2 at mid shore level during March 2004 and in site 3 at mid shore level during November 2004, respectively.
Filament formation and differentiation in seven species of red algae
Authors: Yan Yin Ming , Yan Hu Xiao , Kui Tseng Cheng 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Filaments were induced from cut edges of segments of Gloiosiphonia capillaris, Gloiopeltis furcata, Chondrus ocellatus, Solieria tenuis, Ceramium kondoi, Chondria tenuissima, Laurencia okamurai and from the intact surfaces of Ceramium kondoi and Chondria tenuissima under unialgal culture conditions. The filaments of Gloiosiphonia capillaris can grow vegetatively under free-living conditions, while filaments of Gloiopeltis furcata tended to differentiate after excision from explants and grew autotrophically to the 10- to 20-cell stage. Filaments of other species usually survived attached to generating explants. Two distinct modes of filament regeneration were discerned among the species. In Gloiosiphonia capillaris, Gloiopeltis furcata, Chondrus ocellatus and Solieria tenuis, filaments initially developed into crust or crust-like compact tissue in suspension culture; upright thalli developed from the crusts. In Ceramium kondoi, Chondria tenuissima and Laurencia okamurai, thalli were generated from pseudoparenchyma that was developed from filaments, while creeping parts (rhizoids) formed a prostrate system.
Management of a cooperative cache in grids with grid cache services
Authors: Cardenas Yonny , Pierson Jean‐Marc , Brunie Lionel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDistributed systems like grids support diverse models of distributed computation and need to operate large data entities in a distributed way. A significant quantity of this data are used only for a limited period of time. Caching is recognized as one of the most effective techniques to manage temporary data and collaborative cache is traditionally proposed to scale cache capabilities in distributed environments. Grid needs to manage dynamically different models of computation with different data access patterns. In this paper, we propose a basic infrastructure for the management of collaborative caches that permits to operate and control dynamically different cache mechanisms and cache schemes in grid. Beside traditional collaborative caching where the cooperation is often limited to data resolution, in our infrastructure the collaborative cache capacities are extended to operate and manage these distributed temporal data. Our proposition is composed of a reference cache model that defines four layers for the management of collaborative cache; an information model that represents the main cache elements and their activity; and a set of operations to request specific tasks to monitor, operate, and coordinate a generic collaborative cache system. Implementation issues of a prototype in Globus Toolkit 4 are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐Similar Gas Motion Near The Evaporating Electrode of An Electric Arc
Authors: Djakov B. E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSimple solutions of 1Dt gas‐dynamical equations based on similarity analysis are possible for the gas surrounding a point source of mass and energy such as an electrode (cathode) arc spot. To obtain nontrivial (non‐zero temperature) solutions throughout, two‐scale formulation is used that permits an additional boundary condition near the source. Three generalised gas flow variables, R, Z and V, related to gas density, temperature and velocity are calculated and presented as functions of a single similarity parameter, λ, related to position and time. The computational results are compared with data from two gas discharge experiments: on gas disturbances due to an electric arc of micrometer length in atmospheric air and on expansion of a metal‐vapour plasma cloud generated by a low‐pressure cold‐cathode arc.
Optically Active Thin Films Deposited by Plasma Polymerization of Dye Molecules
Authors: Barranco A. , Aparicio F. , Yanguas‐Gil A. , Groening P. , Cotrino J. , González‐Elipe A. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractColored and fluorescent thin films are prepared via polymerization of dye molecules by interaction with a remote plasma of Ar while they are sublimated on a substrate. The films are formed by a crosslinked matrix of fragments of the original dye and some unreacted molecules. Films made of Ethyl Red or Rhodamine 6G dyes are characterized and studied with regard to their optical properties. Plasma characterization by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) shows the fragmentation of the evaporated dye molecules by interaction of the dye molecules with the electrons of the plasma. The electron energy seems to be the main parameter controlling the polymerization degree of the films. The process is very interesting for the deposition of thin films containing functional molecules.
Low‐Pressure PECVD of Nanoparticles in Carbon Thin Films from Ar/H2/C2H2 Plasmas: Synthesis of Films and Analysis of the Electron Energy Distribution Function
Authors: Camero M. , Gordillo‐Vázquez F. J. , Gómez‐Aleixandre C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA study of the synthesis of carbon nanoparticles embedded in carbon thin films deposited by radiofrequency (RF) (13.56 MHz) Ar/H2 (4 %)/C2H2 plasmas is presented. The carbon nanospheres exhibit an amorphous structure that is clearly observed at 300 W, under 0.1 Torr, and grows in size with increasing C2H2 between 1 % and 20 %. Above a C2H2 concentration threshold (20 % in this case) carbon nanoparticles are no longer formed. In order to study possible changes in the plasma kinetics, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is used to evaluate the electron temperature while changing the C2H2 concentration. In addition, an analysis of the temporal evolution of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) is carried out for various C2H2 concentrations considering the effects produced by electron‐vibrational superelastic collisions and relative concentration of excited Ar atoms. Finally, the morphological and tribological features of the deposited films are characterized.
Nonthermal Plasma Synthesis of Faceted Germanium Nanocrystals
Authors: Cernetti P. , Gresback R. , Campbell S. A. , Kortshagen U. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLow‐pressure plasmas are known for their ability to synthesize nanoparticles via gas‐phase nucleation. While in the past this particle formation has often been considered from the viewpoint of a contamination problem in semiconductor processing, we here describe a low‐pressure plasma that enables the synthesis of faceted germanium nanocrystals. The germanium nanocrystals are generally single crystals without any planar defects such as twin boundaries. A change in the morphology with particle size is observed. Small germanium particles up to about 30 nm in size are mostly cubes with (100) crystal facets. Larger crystals between 30–60 nm are primarily cuboctahedrons. Even larger nanocrystals are mainly spherical. The shape evolution is interpreted in terms of the equilibrium shape of hydrogen‐coated germanium crystals. Possible applications of these crystals are discussed.
In Situ Monitoring of Silicon Plasma Etching Using a Quantum Cascade Laser Arrangement
Authors: Stancu G. D. , Lang N. , Röpcke J. , Reinicke M. , Steinbach A. , Wege S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn etch plasmas used for semiconductor processing, concentrations of the precursor gas NF3 and of the etch product SiF4 are measured online and in situ using a new diagnostic arrangement, the Q‐MACS Etch system, which is based on quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy (QCLAS). In addition, the etch rates of SiO2 layers and of the silicon wafer are monitored including plasma‐etching endpoint detection. For this purpose the Q‐MACS Etch system is working as an interferometer arrangement. The experiments are performed in an industrial, dual‐frequency, capacitively coupled, magnetically enhanced, reactive ion etcher (MERIE), which is a plasma reactor developed for dynamic random access memory (DRAM) technologies. In the spectral range 1028 ± 0.3 cm–1, the absorption cross‐sections of SiF4 and NF3 are determined to be σ = (7.7 ± 0.7) × 10–18 cm2 molecule–1 and σ = (8.7 ± 0.8) × 10–20 cm2 molecule–1, respectively.
Cytometry of ATM activation and histone H2AX phosphorylation to estimate extent of DNA damage induced by exogenous agents
Authors: Tanaka Toshiki , Huang Xuan , Halicka H. Dorota , Zhao Hong , Traganos Frank , Albino Anthony P. , Dai Wei , Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis review covers the topic of cytometric assessment of activation of Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase and histone H2AX phosphorylation on Ser139 in response to DNA damage, particularly the damage that involves formation of DNA double‐strand breaks. Briefly described are molecular mechanisms associated with activation of ATM and the downstream events that lead to recruitment of DNA repair machinery, engagement of cell cycle checkpoints, and activation of apoptotic pathway. Examples of multiparameter analysis of ATM activation and H2AX phosphorylation vis‐a‐vis cell cycle phase position and induction of apoptosis that employ flow‐ and laser scanning‐cytometry are provided. They include cells treated with a variety of exogenous genotoxic agents, such as ionizing and UV radiation, DNA topoisomerase I (topotecan) and II (mitoxantrone, etoposide) inhibitors, nitric oxide‐releasing aspirin, DNA replication inhibitors (aphidicolin, hydroxyurea, thymidine), and complex environmental carcinogens such as present in tobacco smoke. Also presented is an approach to identify DNA replicating (BrdU incorporating) cells based on selective photolysis of DNA that triggers H2AX phosphorylation. Listed are strategies to distinguish ATM activation and H2AX phosphorylation induced by primary DNA damage by genotoxic agents from those effects triggered by DNA fragmentation that takes place during apoptosis. While we review most published data, recent new findings also are included. Examples of multivariate analysis of ATM activation and H2AX phosphorylation presented in this review illustrate the advantages of cytometric flow‐ and image‐analysis of these events in terms of offering a sensitive and valuable tool in studies of factors that induce DNA damage and/or affect DNA repair and allow one to explore the linkage between DNA damage, cell cycle checkpoints and initiation of apoptosis. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Performance analysis of an adaptive receiver structure for digital mobile communications
Authors: Lombardi C. , Luise M. , Reggiannini R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the performance of a combined estimation/equalization technique for the mobile radio channel, assuming a GSM‐recommended transmission format (narrowband TDMA with midamble, recommendation 5.04) and MSK modulation scheme.Channel estimation is performed via correlation of the received signal with a suitably modulated replica of the transmitted midamble. Equalization is then obtained by means of a maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) scheme in the form of a so‐called Viterbi equalizer.Our analysis provides theoretical results concerning the bit error rate (BER) attained by the receiver for a given stationary multipath channel model. Simulation results are also presented in order to integrate and validate the theory.
International standards for the broadband ISDN user‐network interface
Authors: Anderson Jon 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecently, a series of international standards on broadband ISDN were approved in CCITT Study Group XVIII. These standards establish fundamental details on transmission, multiplexing and switching for broadband aspects of ISDN. This article reports on the current definition of the BISDN user‐network interface. The UNI reference configuration, physical medium, rates, structure, ATM functions, and operations and maintenance functions are addressed with consideration given to open issues and the direction of future standards activities. Objectives for the UNI capabilities have generally been met with the current CCITT specifications. Some of the UNI physical layer ‘options’, however, potentially impose networking cost penalties.
Generation of m‐sequences over GF(q2) from m‐sequences over GF(q)
Authors: Komo John J. , Lam Maurice S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA closed form solution that yields the component shift required for the vector representation of m‐sequences over GF(q2) in terms of m‐sequences over GF(q2) is presented. Iterative application of this expression then enables the vctor representation of m‐sequences over GF(q2m) in terms of m‐sequences over GF(q). These vector m‐seqeences can be used directly for the selection of frequencies in frequency hopped spread spectrum communication systems.
Design method for high‐precision monolithic quartz crystal filters
Authors: Kobayashi Masaki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a method of designing high‐precision monolithic quartz crystal filters (MCFs). the realization of MCFs is inhibited by: (a) the frequency‐dependence of the coupling characteristics of the resonators; and (b) the distortion of the resonance characteristics of the resonators. These are both related to the arrangement of the eigenfrequencies of the filter, and they deviate the actual values from the designed values. the modes of additional phase‐inverting electrodes (phase inverter) of the MCFs are considered in this paper. For the forementioned (a), the conditions of the structure of the phase inverter are deduced which minimize the frequency‐dependent variation of a gyrator equivalently representing the mechanical coupling of the resonator. For (b), the conditions of the structure of the resonator which satisfy the second‐degree series resonance characteristics are deduced. the effect of the conditions for the structures is examined by computer simulation, and the design method of filters is shown. the proposed filter is compared with conventional MCFs from the viewpoint of the arrangement of the eigenfrequencies so that the usefulness of the proposed method is demonstrated.
Iterative technique for designing IIR filters with arbitrary log‐magnitude function
Authors: Kobayashi Takao , Imai Satoshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes an iterative approximation technique of log‐magnitude response for IIR filters. Minimization of the mean‐square error between a desired log‐frequency response and that of an IIR filter leads to a nonlinear problem. In this paper, the least squares problem on the logarithmic scale is approximated by the iteration of a weighted least squares problem on the linear scale. the weighting function is updated using the result of the previous iteration so that the weighted error on the linear scale approximates the squared error on the logarithmic scale. the filter coefficients at each iteration step can efficiently be obtained using a fast recursive algorithm for a set of linear equations. Several design examples are presented, which show that the iterative algorithm converges after one or two iterations in practice and the weighted error at convergence gives a good estimate of the mean‐square error on the logarithmic scale. an example is also presented, where both log‐magnitude and phase responses are approximated simultaneously.
Three‐state compound channel models
Authors: Suematsu Toshinari , Imai Hideki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper considers the qualitative or quantitative properties of the data errors generated on the digital channel or recording medium, and the construction of the statistical model which generates the errors with the same property as that of the actual errors. This is one of the important problems in the evaluation and design of the devices (especially those for error‐correction). the traditional statistical model for such a purpose is based on the Markov chain, for which a number of studies have been made. Typical examples are the Gilbert model, the Fritchman model and the extended Gilbert model. This paper extends those models further and presents several new three‐state compound channel models. These models have some very interesting properties which have not been observed in earlier models. For example, it is possible to generate a larger number of paired errors or burst errors of specified length. This paper describes first the features of those models and then constructs them. an example is given in which the model parameters are determined from the error data measured from an optical disk.
An efficient coding using the correlation between time series of differential LSP parameters
Authors: Arai Shuichi , Ozawa Shinji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe information compression by LSP analysis‐synthesis is a promising method in the sense that speech with relatively high quality can be synthesized with a small number of codes. Up to now, coding of LSP parameters has been investigated from various viewpoints. LSP analysis is performed framewise independently, while rarely does the speech information change rapidly with time. Consequently, when viewed as a time‐series, LSP parameters contain redundancies. On the other hand, LSP parameters are ordered in the ascending order of the frequency, and the time‐series exists for each parameter. A correlation exists between two time‐series which are adjacent on the frequency axis. From those viewpoints, this paper examines first the statistical features of LSP parameters when viewed as the time‐series. the coding based on those features is proposed, and the essential usefulness of the method is verified experimentally. Then, a new highly efficient coding method is proposed by combining the two foregoing ideas. In the proposed method, the interframe difference of LSP parameters is encoded in the first stage, which can reduce the coding complexity.In the second stage, the coding complexity required for transmission is reduced further by encoding the difference of the time‐series adjacent on the frequency axis. Applying the proposed system, coding experiment and the quality evaluation of synthesized speech were performed, and the validity of the proposed method was confirmed.