bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small airway function in predicting asthma control in preschool children
Authors: Yi Liangqin , Zhao Yan , Guo Ziyao , Li Qinyuan , Qiu Chunlan , Yang Jingyi , Liu Sha , Liu Fangjun , Xu Ximing , Luo Zhengxiu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAsthma control in children is often challenging. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the potential contribution of small airway function in predicting asthma control within a 2‐ to 3‐month period following the initial diagnosis in preschool children with asthma. A total of 219 preschool children diagnosed with asthma were enrolled, and their follow‐up was conducted by pediatric pulmonary physicians. Clinical history and lung function results were collected for analysis. To identify risk factors associated with poor asthma control, a multivariable regression model was employed. Sixty‐nine of the patients (31.5%) exhibited poor asthma control. Poor adherence to therapy (14.5% vs. 6.0%, p = 0.038) and the presence of severe airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) (20.6% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001) were more prevalent in the group with poor control. Additionally, baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s in predicting (94.5% vs. 101.4%, p = 0.001), forced expiratory flows (FEF)50% (66.1% vs. 86.0%, p < 0.001), FEF75% (60.9% vs. 75.3%, p = 0.001), and FEF25–75% (70.9% vs. 86.0%, p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the poorly‐controlled group than those of well‐controlled group. There was no significant difference in forced vital capacity in predicting (FVC%) between the two groups (92.4% vs. 96.7%, p = 0.093). Multivariable regression model unveiled initial severe AHR (OR 8.595, 95%CI 1.241–59.537, p = 0.021) and decreased FEF50% (OR 0.971, 95%CI 0.949–0.994, p = 0.012) were significantly associated with short‐term poor asthma control. Preschool children with asthma who exhibites initial severe AHR and/or decreased FEF50% faces an elevated risk of encountering poor asthma control during the subsequent 2–3 months.
IGMH‐based research on the intramolecular weak interaction of TKX‐50
Authors: Yang Chunhai , Dong Huilong , Li Xue , Zhou Ning , Liu Yi , Hu Xiuli , Wang Yinjun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo further comprehensively study the intramolecular weak interaction of the gaseous TKX‐50 molecule, the two conformations of the TKX‐50 molecule were analyzed via the Independent Gradient Model based on the Hirshfeld Partition (IGMH) method based on the B3LYP/6‐311 g (d,p) level for geometry optimization and for single point energy. The conclusions manifest that the weak interactions between these fragments are mainly composed of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. From the strength of inter‐fragment interactions formed by contributing atomic pairs and their percentage contributions, these H bonds, together with dispersion‐dominated weak interactions provided by non‐direct facing atomic pairs near these H bonds, dominate the inter‐fragment interaction resulting in the stability of the molecular structure. Meanwhile, the weak interactions enclosed by end‐atoms of two fragments not only include the contributions provided by inter‐fragment atomic pairs of two fragments but also include the contributions provided by intra‐fragment atomic pairs of fragment 1. For conformation II, due to the H transfer between fragments, a pair of symmetric H bonds at the corresponding regions are extremely strong to reach the level of covalent bond while the two groups −OH at the other end become looser, resulting in conformation II own lower energy. Differences in inter‐fragment interactions between two conformations were essentially brought by the stronger electron‐withdrawing ability of atom O than that of atom N.
Electrosynthesis of H2O2 Promoted by π–π Interaction on a Metal‐Free Carbon Catalyst
Authors: Qu Jiating , Long Guifa , Luo Lin , Yang Yang , Fan Wenjun , Zhang Fuxiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction is an ideal alternative to the current energy‐intensive anthraquinone process, but developing cost‐effective and high‐efficiency electrocatalysts is still challenging. Herein, a metal‐free graphitic carbon nitride/carbon nanotube (g‐C3N4/CNT) hybrid catalyst can enhance H2O2 production via π–π interaction is reported, achieving almost unity (97%) H2O2 production at 0.57 V with high selectivity of over 92% across the wide potential range from 0.6 to 0 V. Other carbon materials with weak interaction with g‐C3N4, such as acetylene black and super P, show markedly weakened H2O2 production, indicating the importance of π–π interaction. Electron transfer kinetic analysis combined with density functional theory calculations indicates that the synergistic effect between g‐C3N4 and CNT enhances electron transfer and O2 activation between g‐C3N4 and CNT, leading to enhanced H2O2 production performance. This work provides a complementary approach for H2O2 production from oxygen reduction besides introducing oxygenated groups or heteroatom doping into carbon materials.
Highly Doped Conjugated Polyelectrolytes with Large Work Function for Efficient Hole Injection/Collection in Organic Photoelectric Devices
Authors: Li Qingyang , Liu Shuyan , Wang He , Li Zhe , Zhang Yuzhuo , Xu Bowei 
Published: March 2024

The existing deficiencies in traditional hole‐transporting layer (HTL) materials poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and molybdenum oxide restrict the further advance in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of organic photoelectric devices. Although conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) display great advantage in serving as HTLs, the low work function (WF) and poor conductivity lead to the inferior performances of CPE‐modified devices. Herein, the important influence of electrostatic potential on p‐doping property of CPEs is revealed, and hence a series of CPEs with obvious p‐type self‐doping property based on simple chemical structures of benzene and thiophene derivatives are designed and synthesized. With a higher electron density of conjugated backbone, the CPE PB3T shows an improved doping effect. Moreover, a simultaneous enhancement of WF and conductivity can be achieved by doping the CPE with polyoxometalate (POM). The resulting CPE composite PB3T:POM exhibits good hole injection/collection ability and is compatible with large‐area production technique. The organic solar cells with active areas of 0.04 and 1.00 cm2 exhibit power conversion efficiency values of 18.1% and 15.6%, respectively. PB3T:POM is also used as HTL to fabricate organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) device, and the OLED exhibits a superior luminous efficiency to the PEDOT:PSS device but with a significantly reduced turn‐on voltage from 4.2 to 3.4 V.
The role of fatty acid metabolism in acute lung injury: a special focus on immunometabolism
Authors: Lu Xiao , Li Guorui , Liu Yi , Luo Guoqing , Ding Song , Zhang Tianyu , Li Ning , Geng Qing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractReputable evidence from multiple studies suggests that excessive and uncontrolled inflammation plays an indispensable role in mediating, amplifying, and protracting acute lung injury (ALI). Traditionally, immunity and energy metabolism are regarded as separate functions regulated by distinct mechanisms, but recently, more and more evidence show that immunity and energy metabolism exhibit a strong interaction which has given rise to an emerging field of immunometabolism. Mammalian lungs are organs with active fatty acid metabolism, however, during ALI, inflammation and oxidative stress lead to a series metabolic reprogramming such as impaired fatty acid oxidation, increased expression of proteins involved in fatty acid uptake and transport, enhanced synthesis of fatty acids, and accumulation of lipid droplets. In addition, obesity represents a significant risk factor for ALI/ARDS. Thus, we have further elucidated the mechanisms of obesity exacerbating ALI from the perspective of fatty acid metabolism. To sum up, this paper presents a systematical review of the relationship between extensive fatty acid metabolic pathways and acute lung injury and summarizes recent advances in understanding the involvement of fatty acid metabolism-related pathways in ALI. We hold an optimistic believe that targeting fatty acid metabolism pathway is a promising lung protection strategy, but the specific regulatory mechanisms are way too complex, necessitating further extensive and in-depth investigations in future studies.
Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate cardiomyocyte ferroptosis via the Hippo–Yap pathway to exacerbate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Zhao Peng , Li You , Xu Xiangli , Yang Haobo , Li Xintong , Fu Shuai , Guo Zihong , Zhang Jianing , Li Hairu , Tian Jiawei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDoxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC), which is a cardiovascular complication, has become the foremost determinant of decreased quality of life and mortality among survivors of malignant tumors, in addition to recurrence and metastasis. The limited ability to accurately predict the occurrence and severity of doxorubicin-induced injury has greatly hindered the prevention of DIC, but reducing the dose to mitigate side effects may compromise the effective treatment of primary malignancies. This has posed a longstanding clinical challenge for oncologists and cardiologists. Ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes has been shown to be a pivotal mechanism underlying cardiac dysfunction in DIC. Ferroptosis is influenced by multiple factors. The innate immune response, as exemplified by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), may play a significant role in the regulation of ferroptosis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of NETs in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte ferroptosis and elucidate their regulatory role. This study confirmed the presence of NETs in DIC in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that depleting neutrophils effectively reduced the occurrence of doxorubicin-induced ferroptosis and myocardial injury in DIC. Additionally, our findings showed the pivotal role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a critical molecule implicated in DIC and emphasized its involvement in the modulation of ferroptosis subsequent to NETs inhibition. Mechanistically, we obtained preliminary evidence suggesting that doxorubicin-induced NETs could modulate yes-associated protein (YAP) activity by releasing HMGB1, which subsequently bound to toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the cardiomyocyte membrane, thereby influencing cardiomyocyte ferroptosis in vitro. Our findings suggest that doxorubicin-induced NETs modulate cardiomyocyte ferroptosis via the HMGB1/TLR4/YAP axis, thereby contributing to myocardial injury. This study offers a novel approach for preventing and alleviating DIC by targeting alterations in the immune microenvironment.
Lehren der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Camenzind Elena , Vetter Luzia , Exl Matthias Thomas , Jeitziner Marie-Madlen 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Wenn die Belastung für Intensivpflegefachpersonen zu hoch wird, kann dies Folgen auf die persönliche Gesundheit und auf die Versorgung der Patient*innen haben. Während der Coronavirus Krankheit 2019(Coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19])-Pandemie waren Intensivpflegefachpersonen mit neuen und dynamischen Veränderungen konfrontiert.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel war es, Erfahrungen der Intensivpflegefachpersonen bez. der getroffenen Ad-hoc-Maßnahmen und der empfundenen physischen und psychischen Belastung während der COVID-19-Pandemie zu beschreiben.

Methode
Es wurde eine Querschnittserhebung mittels Onlinebefragung in 2 Krankenhäusern durchgeführt. Die offen formulierten Fragen zu den Herausforderungen während der COVID-19-Pandemie wurden inhaltsanalytisch nach Mayring analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt haben 179 Intensivpflegefachpersonen teilgenommen. Die 4 gebildeten Kategorien umfassen: „den eigenen Ansprüchen an die Pflegequalität nicht gerecht werden“, „Unsicherheiten im beruflichen sowie privaten Alltag“, „erhöhte Verantwortung bei fehlender Entlastung“ und „insuffiziente Bewältigungsstrategien für physische und psychische Belastungen“.

Diskussion
Intensivpflegefachpersonen benötigen Strukturen und Prozesse, die sie in Situationen hoher Arbeitsbelastung unterstützen. Der Schwerpunkt sollte dabei auf den Umgang mit den eigenen Ansprüchen an die Pflegequalität sowie den Einsatz von potenziell entlastenden Maßnahmen liegen.
Impacts of physical parameterization scheme of snow and soil properties over the Tibetan Plateau on the simulation of summer rainfall in China
Authors: An Yingying , Meng Xianhong , Zhao Lin , Li Zhaoguo , Wang Chan , Chen Hao , Shang Lunyu , Wang Shaoying , Wang Shiwen , Liu Yumeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAccurate representation of soil and snow state variables in the land surface model is crucial for good simulation results. In order to investigate the potential impacts of the overestimated snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on precipitation over China, we designed comparative experiments over TP with and without updated soil texture data, soil hydrological parameters, and the fresh snow density scheme to address this issue with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). The results show that snow cover fraction (SCF) and surface albedo in winter on the TP were overestimated in the WRF control experiment (CTL), with albedo bias exceeding 0.4 in the western TP. The SCF in the WRF improved experiment (WRFIM) is about 8% lower than that of the CTL, and the bias is decreased to 0.2–0.3 in the interior of the TP. The thermal and dynamic effects of the TP in winter have a significant impact on the weather and climate of East Asia during summer. Thus, the simulated summer rainfall bias is significantly reduced by WRFIM in North China, and the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River, along with the spatial correlation coefficient between the observed-based and WRF-simulated rainfall increased from 0.76 in CTL to 0.88 in WRFIM. The WRFIM-simulated reductions in snow cover and albedo cause a decrease in upward shortwave radiation and eventually increase net surface radiation. The horizontal temperature gradient of the atmosphere is increased in the WRFIM compared to the CTL, and the increased temperature in the lower and middle layers accommodates more water vapor, which is not conducive to precipitation formation. Correspondingly, the Western Pacific Subtropical High at 500 hPa in the middle troposphere weakened. The low-level anticyclonic circulation at 850 hPa also weakened to the east, affecting water vapor transport in eastern China. It leads to a decrease in the water vapor transported northward by southeasterly from the western Pacific Ocean and a decrease in the water vapor flux reaching North China. This work indicates that accurate characterization of soil properties and snow cover on the TP is crucial for improving the simulation bias of summer rainfall in China.
Integration von Technologien für mehr Transparenz in Lieferketten
Authors: Fernández Muñoz Paulina , Tost Michael , Dietrich Valentina , Melcher Frank , Kloppmann Wolfram 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungIn den vergangenen Jahren hat das wachsende globale Bewusstsein über die Bedeutung ethischer und nachhaltiger Praktiken in der Lieferkette zur Schaffung von Gesetzen geführt, die Unternehmen, auch in der Bergbauindustrie, dazu bringen sollen, ihre Transparenz zu erhöhen und mit gebührender Sorgfalt zu handeln. Ein Fokus liegt dabei insbesondere auf jenen Firmen, die zu den Lieferketten kritischer Rohstoffe gehören, welche für verschiedene Industriezweige wie Energie und Hochtechnologie unerlässlich sind. Mit Blick auf unternehmerische Verantwortung und Forderungen nach nachhaltigen Praktiken entstand das EU-Projekt MaDiTraCe, das darauf abzielt, fortschrittliche Rückverfolgbarkeitslösungen zu implementieren. Durch einen multidisziplinären Ansatz sucht dieses Projekt, Technologien für die effektive Zertifizierung und Nachverfolgung von Mineralien von ihrem Ursprung bis zum Recycling zu entwickeln. Der Ansatz von MaDiTraCe beinhaltet die Kombination fortgeschrittener Technologien zur Materialrückverfolgbarkeit, wie einen mineralogisch-(isotopen)chemischen Material-Fingerabdruck und künstliche Kennzeichnung, sowie die Schaffung eines Zertifizierungssystems, das in einen digitalen Produkt-Pass mündet. Das Projekt konzentriert sich einerseits auf die Lieferketten von Magneten, Batterien, insbesondere in der Automobilindustrie und der nachhaltigen Stromerzeugung, und andererseits auf bestimmte kritische Rohstoffe: Lithium, Kobalt, natürlichen Graphit und Seltene Erden, mit einem besonderen Fokus auf Neodym. Es wird erwartet, dass MaDiTraCe eine signifikante Verbesserung in der Transparenz der Lieferketten bringen kann, was eine ethische und nachhaltige Beschaffung von Rohstoffen erleichtert.
Langkettige Fettsäureoxidationsstörungen, ihre Früherkennung und die Rolle des Stillens
Authors: Zöggeler Thomas , Scholl-Bürgi Sabine , Karall Daniela 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungEin männliches Neugeborenes, zweites Kind nichtkonsanguiner Eltern, wurde termingerecht per Kaiserschnitt mit 38 + 6 Schwangerschaftswochen und einem Geburtsgewicht von 3340 g geboren. Bereits am 4. Lebenstag zeigten sich auffallende Symptome, darunter rezidivierendes Erbrechen, Hypoglykämie-Episoden und eine Gewichtsabnahme von über 10 %. Das Kind wurde zur weiteren Abklärung an ein medizinisches Zentrum mit Neugeborenen-Intensivstation transferiert. Das Neugeborenen-Screening (NGS) traf am 5. Lebenstag ein und wies auf eine langkettige Fettsäureoxidationsstörung hin (LC-FAOD). Eine umfassende Stoffwechselabklärung und genetische Diagnostik wurden eingeleitet, welches die Diagnose LCHAD-Defizienz im Verlauf bestätigte. Während des stationären Aufenthalts wurde der Fokus auf regelmäßige Stillmahlzeiten gelegt, um katabolen Phasen vorzubeugen. Der Säugling wurde am 12. Lebenstag auf die Normalstation verlegt und am 14. Lebenstag entlassen. Die multidisziplinäre Betreuung, regelmäßige ärztliche Überwachung und eine angepasste Ernährung spielten eine entscheidende Rolle im erfolgreichen Management der seltenen angeborenen Stoffwechselstörung. Das NGS hat eine wesentliche Bedeutung bei der frühzeitigen Erkennung gut beherrschbarer angeborener Stoffwechselstörungen. LC-FAODs beeinträchtigen den Abbau von Fettsäuren und können zu schweren gesundheitlichen Problemen führen. Die Symptome variieren, erfordern jedoch eine enge Zusammenarbeit verschiedener medizinischer Fachkräfte. Stillen bei Neugeborenen gilt als adäquate, altersentsprechende Ernährung, da es – auch für Kinder mit metabolischen Erkrankungen – zahlreiche gesundheitliche Vorteile für Kind und Mutter bietet und auch die Bindung zwischen Mutter und Kind fördert. Die einzigartige Zusammensetzung der Muttermilch passt sich den Bedürfnissen des Kindes an. Der geschilderte Fall betont die Bedeutung des NGS, die Zusammenarbeit verschiedener Fachbereiche sowie die Rolle von Stillen, Triheptanoin-Supplementierung im Verlauf und angepasster Ernährung im Umgang mit langkettigen Fettsäureoxidationsstörungen. Frühe Diagnose und ein umfassender Ansatz sind entscheidend für die bestmögliche Betreuung und Lebensqualität.
Regionalization of hydroclimate variables in the contiguous United States
Authors: Carbone Gregory J. , Gao Peng , Lu Junyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe apply a hierarchical clustering algorithm to the Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) database. The method employs linkage clustering while forcing spatial contiguity. We apply it to the lower-48 United States, deriving regions that are based on temperature and precipitation averages and anomalies, as well as statistical parameters underlying several drought and intense precipitation measures. Resulting regions make intuitive sense from the perspective of driving influences on temperature and precipitation averages and anomalies, and are compatible with results from another empirically derived clustering scheme. Regions selected for individual variables show high similarity across different time frames. There is slightly less similarity when comparing regions created for different monthly or daily hydroclimate variables, and relatively low similarity between monthly vs. daily measures. It is unlikely that any one regionalization solution could summarize hydroclimate extremes given the wide range of variables used to describe them, but geographically sensitive datasets like PRISM and flexible algorithms provide useful methods for regionalization that can aid in drought monitoring and forecasting, and with impacts and planning associated with heavy precipitation.
Biochemical and biomechanical characterization of an autologous protein-based fibrin sealant for regenerative medicine
Authors: Anitua Eduardo , Pino Ander , Prado Roberto , Muruzabal Francisco , Alkhraisat Mohammad Hamdan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAccidental events or surgical procedures usually lead to tissue injury. Fibrin sealants have proven to optimize the healing process but have some drawbacks due to their allogeneic nature. Autologous fibrin sealants present several advantages. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a new autologous fibrin sealant based on Endoret®PRGF® technology (E-sealant). One of the most widely used commercial fibrin sealants (Tisseel®) was included as comparative Control. E-sealant´s hematological and biological properties were characterized. The coagulation kinetics and the microstructure were compared. Their rheological profile and biomechanical behavior were also recorded. Finally, the swelling/shrinkage capacity and the enzymatic degradation of adhesives were determined. E-sealant presented a moderate platelet concentration and physiological levels of fibrinogen and thrombin. It clotted 30 s after activation. The microstructure of E-sealant showed a homogeneous fibrillar scaffold with numerous and scattered platelet aggregates. In contrast, Control presented absence of blood cells and amorphous protein deposits. Although in different order of magnitude, both adhesives had similar rheological profiles and viscoelasticity. Control showed a higher hardness but both adhesives presented a pseudoplastic hydrogel nature with a shear thinning behavior. Regarding their adhesiveness, E-sealant presented a higher tensile strength before cohesive failure but their elastic stretching capacity and maximum elongation was similar. While E-sealant presented a significant shrinkage process, Control showed a slight swelling over time. In addition, E-sealant presented a high enzymatic resorption rate, while Control showed to withstand the biodegradation process in a significant way. E-sealant presents optimal biochemical and biomechanical properties suitable for its use as a fibrin sealant with regenerative purposes.
Graphical Abstract