bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tale of three translations
Authors: Chu Del Aguila Elsa , Fragkou Effrossyni , Michael Anthony 
Published: December 2008

Cet article retrace les grandes lignes d’un effort collectif pour rendre, dans trois langues (anglais, espagnol et grec), le langage politiquement correct (le PC ) sciemment ironisé, voire ridiculisé, à travers une réécriture française d’un conte classique pour enfants. L’objectif visé est d’en dégager, sur la base d’un modèle de traduction fonctionnaliste, les processus traductionnels mis à l’œuvre par les trois traducteurs. L’analyse qui suit révèle les défis propres à chaque langue et culture ainsi que les solutions provisoirement trouvées, soit individuellement, soit à travers un processus de consultation-confrontation.
Code-switching in Yiddish: A Typology
Authors: Szulmajster-Celnikier Anne 
Published: December 2008

Tandis que la plupart des études sur l’alternance codique ou code-switching (CS) se fondent sur des corpus de discours interactif, le présent article se propose de considérer, au sein du yidiche, un corpus (oral et écrit) plus élaboré, à savoir : chansons populaires, énoncés humoristiques, narration historique, et fragment littéraire. Cette recherche s’intéresse par conséquent plus à l’aspect collectif qu’individuel de la parole. Trois types et six fonctions caractérisent particulièrement le CS yidiche, qui se trouvent associés à certaines contraintes structurelles. Une différenciation est établie entre CS conscient et inconscient, libre et conditionné. Cet article aboutit à la conclusion que le CS en yidiche, loin de constituer une aliénation linguistique, représente au contraire un moyen supplémentaire de communication, économique, efficace et diversifié, au service des yidichophones bilingues et multilingues.
The phonological status of the glottal stop in British English
Authors: Akamatsu Tsutomu 
Published: December 2008

Le coup de glotte [?] est une des diverses manifestations du phonème /t/ en anglais britannique. Je me propose de discuter le statut phonologique de ce coup de glotte et de confirmer qu’il convient bien d’attribuer le trait pertinent "apical" à /t/ en anglais britannique. Au cours de la discussion, il se révèle que le coup de glotte manifeste également un archiphonème (que je note /p-t-k/). Il convient de souligner deux points en particulier: premièrement, l’identification de tout trait pertinent, à laquelle on arrive au cours de l’épreuve de commutation, se fonde sur le critère d’ ‘opposition’ et, deuxièmement, l’objet de la discussion qui suit démontre indubitablement le principe fonctionnaliste selon lequel il n’y a pas nécessairement de correspondance entre réalité physique et fonction linguistique.
Aesthetic responses and the &#x201C;cloudiness&#x201D; of language: is there an aesthetic function of language?
Authors: Rastall Paul 
Published: December 2008

Cette étude considère le rôle de l’esthétique dans le langage et la place qu’il occupe dans les réactions aux traits volontairement ou involontairement transmis par les langues sur le plan de l’information. Tout en rejetant une soi-disant "fonction esthétique", l’article précise aussi le rôle des facteurs esthétiques dans l’évolution linguistique et dans certaines associations synchroniques. On propose que l’intuition esthétique explique en partie la nature imprévisible des actes verbaux – leur aspect "nuageux".
A computer‐aided visualization tool for stochastic theory education in water resources engineering
Authors: Schwenk Jonathan , Hossain Faisal , Huddleston David 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we propose and demonstrate the proof‐of‐concept for a computer‐aided visualization tool for stochastic theory education in water resources engineering. Using Java Native Interfacing, the tool can wrap a space‐time stochastic model written in any computer language and also not require any specific language compiler during tool usage. This feature also allows the tool to be implemented very easily on any configuration of currently used classroom PCs. We also gauged the merit of a computer‐aided visualization tool in the classroom by conducting a survey of the civil engineering (CE) curricula of US universities. Questionnaires were distributed to the instructors via an online survey. Eighty‐four percent of the universities surveyed were found to offer a general semblance of stochastic theory education in their curriculum for CE. A similar percentage of the total 241 courses that we initially surveyed were found to be available at the graduate level, while 4.5% and 11.5% were either dual‐listed or undergraduate‐level courses, respectively. Forty universities were found to have complete (integrated) courses dedicated to stochastic theory education (or a near‐relative related discipline). 11.2% (27) of these courses were relevant to water resources engineering, while only 9.5% (23 courses) were related to surface water hydrology. Only 62.5% of instructors were active users of some kind of computer‐aided visualization tools for classroom instruction. All instructors believed that a rapid visualization system to represent the effect of input (i.e., an aspect of stochastic theory) on output (i.e., application or representation of variability) would enhance the technology as a learning tool. Surveyed instructors were unanimous in their willingness to integrate such an instruction tool for teaching theory using real‐world examples of water resources engineering. However, 42% felt that such a tool would need to be user‐friendly and graphically very attractive in order to be popular among students. We believe that with the demonstration of proof‐of‐concept of our proposed computer‐aided visualization tool, the effectiveness of modernizing course curricula in CE for undergraduate water resources education can be made more compatible with the needs of the 21st century and that there is indeed sustainable demand in the classrooms for its institutional development. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 398–411, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20233
Seroconversion to hepatitis C virus alternate reading frame protein during acute infection #
Authors: Morice Yoann , Ratinier Maxime , Miladi Ahmed , Chevaliez Stéphane , Germanidis Georgios , Wedemeyer Heiner , Laperche Syria , Lavergne Jean-Pierre , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
The existence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins encoded by alternate reading frames overlapping the core-encoding region has been suggested. Several mechanisms of production have been postulated, and the functions of these proteins in the HCV life cycle remain unknown. We analyzed cases of seroconversion to an alternate reading frame protein in a group of 17 patients infected by one of the two HCV genotype 1b strains during an outbreak in a hemodialysis unit. Three patients seroconverted, and antibodies were transiently detected in another patient. Three of these patients were infected by one of the two HCV strains, whereas the strain infecting the remaining patient could not be identified. Quasispecies sequence analysis of the core-coding region showed no differences in the core or +1 reading frame sequences that could explain alternate reading frame protein seroconversion in some but not all of the patients infected by one of the HCV strains, and no such difference was found between the two strains. Because differences in the structure of RNA elements could play a role in frameshift events, we conducted a predictive analysis of RNA folding. No difference was found between the patients who did and did not seroconvert to alternate reading frame protein. Conclusion: Our findings prove that alternate reading frame proteins can be produced during acute HCV infection. However, seroconversion does not occur in all patients for unknown reasons. Alternate reading frame protein could be generated by minority quasispecies variants or variants that occur transiently. (Hepatology 2009.)
Fabric softeners: nearly instantaneous characterization and quality control of cationic surfactants by easy ambient sonic‐spray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Saraiva Sérgio A. , Abdelnur Patrícia V. , Catharino Rodrigo R. , Nunes George , Eberlin Marcos N. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA tiny droplet of typical samples of fabric softeners from different commercial brands placed on a smooth paper surface was subjected to easy ambient sonic‐spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI‐MS). With no need for sample‐preparation or pre‐separation procedures, EASI‐MS and EASI‐MS/MS identify nearly instantaneously the main surfactants and the homologous series employed in their formulations. Adulterated and low quality samples containing no or less efficient softeners are also easily recognized. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet absorbance detection, electrospray ionization, collision‐induced dissociation and tandem mass spectrometry on a triple quadrupole for the on‐line characterization of polyphenols and methylxanthines in green coffee beans
Authors: Alonso‐Salces Rosa Maria , Guillou Claude , Berrueta Luis A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractLiquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector, electrospray ionization, collision‐induced dissociation and tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐DAD/ESI‐CID‐MS/MS) on a triple quadrupole (QqQ) has been used to detect and characterize polyphenols and methylxanthines in green coffee beans: three phenolic acids (caffeic acid, ferulic acid and dimethoxycinnamic acid), three isomeric caffeoylquinic acids (Mr 354), three feruloylquinic acids (Mr 368), one p‐coumaroylquinic acid (Mr 338), three dicaffeoylquinic acids (Mr 516), three feruloyl‐caffeoylquinic acids (Mr 530), four p‐coumaroyl‐caffeoylquinic acids (Mr 500), three diferuloylquinic acids (Mr 544), six dimethoxycinnamoyl‐caffeoylquinic acids (Mr 544), three dimethoxycinnamoyl‐feruloylquinic acids (Mr 558), six cinnamoyl‐amino acid conjugates, three cinnamoyl glycosides, and three methylxanthines (caffeine, theobromine and theophylline). Dimethoxycinnamic acid, three isomers of dimethoxycinnamoyl‐caffeoylquinic acids and another three of dimethoxycinnamoyl‐feruloylquinic acids, as well as the three cinnamoyl glycosides, had not previously been reported in coffee beans. Structures have been assigned on the basis of the complementary information obtained from UV‐visible spectra, relative hydrophobicity, scan mode MS spectra, and fragmentation patterns in MS2 spectra (both in the positive and negative ion modes) obtained using a QqQ at different collision energies. A structure diagnosis scheme is provided for the identification of different isomers of polyphenols and methylxanthines. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing distortion for real‐time data gathering in randomly deployed sensor networks
Authors: Zhang Xiaobo , Wang Heping , Nait‐Abdesselam Farid , Khokhar Ashfaq 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn several wireless sensor network applications, it is required to perform real‐time reconstruction of the data field being sensed by the network. This task is generally carried out at a central location, e.g. sink node, using a continuous data gathering phase and relying on the known correlation properties of the underlying data field. Estimating the overall spatial and temporal distortion in the reconstructed field is an important step toward deciding the number of sensors to be deployed and the data collection algorithm to be used. However, estimating distortion in arbitrary networks is a challenging task. Existing work has focused on regular network deployments such as one‐ and two‐dimensional girds. Such deployments are deemed infeasible in a realistic environment. In this paper, we consider one‐ and two‐dimensional random networks. For the analysis purposes, we assume that the nodes are randomly deployed following Poisson distribution. We determine the total distortion function given the correlation coefficients of the field while assuming a simple data gathering protocol. Based on this, we also determine the optimal number of nodes to be deployed in the field that will minimize distortion. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance improvement of TCP in ad hoc networks by mitigating channel contention
Authors: Kim Dongkyun , Yoo Hongseok 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn ad hoc networks, the spatial reuse property limits the number of packets which can be spatially transmitted over a path. In standard Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), however, a TCP sender keeps transmitting packets without taking into account this property. This causes heavy contention for the wireless channel, resulting in the performance degradation of TCP flows. Hence, two techniques have been proposed independently in order to reduce the contention. First, a TCP sender utilizes a congestion window limit (CWL), by considering the spatial reuse property. This prevents the TCP sender from transmitting more than CWL number of packets at one time. Second, a delayed ack (DA) strategy is exploited in order to mitigate the contention between the TCP ACK and DATA packets. Recently, although TCP‐DAA (Dynamic Adaptive Acknowledgment) attempts to utilize a CWL‐based DA strategy, TCP‐DAA overlooks a dynamic correlation between these two techniques. This paper, therefore, reveals the dynamic correlation and also proposes a protocol which not only reduces the frequency of the TCP ACK transmissions but also determines a CWL value dynamically, according to network conditions. Simulation studies show that our protocol performs the best in various scenarios, as compared to TCP‐DAA and standard TCP (such as TCP‐NewReno). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carotid Artery Stenting Versus Carotid Endarterectomy: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Liu Zhenjie , Shi Zhenyu , Wang Yuqi , Chen Bin , Zhu Ting , Si Yi , Fu Weiguo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate and investigate the complications of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) by performing a meta‐analysis based on prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsWe performed a search of multiple electronic databases for RCTs containing patients with carotid stenosis who underwent CAS or CEA, focusing on studies published during 1995–2008.ResultsEight trials with 2942 patients (1462 with CEA, 1480 with CAS) were analyzed. The pooled relative risk (RR) after CEA for stroke/death 30 days or 1 year was similar to that for CAS. Thirty‐day RR = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.45–1.07, p = 0.10. One‐year RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.43–1.79, p = 0.72. The rates of death, disabling stroke, and nondisabling stroke at 30 days did not differ significantly between CEA and CAS in the subgroup analysis. Compared with CEA, the relative risk of disabling stroke/death within 30 days was not significantly less for CAS with embolic protection devices (EPDs). The relative risk of myocardial infarction within 30 days, myocardial infarction within 1 year, and cervical/peripheral nerve injury within 30 days were significantly higher after CEA; the relative risk of bradycardia/hypotension within 30 days and the 1‐year restenosis rate were significantly higher after CAS.ConclusionsCAS is equal to CEA with regard to the incidence of stroke/death. These procedures may be considered complementary rather than competing modes of therapy, each of which can be optimized with careful patient selection. CAS with an EPD may be appropriate in certain patients, and in general CAS should be considered cautiously in symptomatic patients.
Intrahepatic Bilioenteric Anastomosis After Biliary Complications of Liver Transplantation: Operative Rescue of Surgical Failures
Authors: Mercado Miguel Ángel , Vilatobá Mario , Chan Carlos , Domínguez Ismael , Leal Rafael Paulino , Olivera Marco Antonio 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundBiliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) are multifactorial in origin. In most series, the frequency of such complications ranges from 5–20%. Most can be treated by endoscopy and/or interventional radiology. For cases in which this option is not successful, surgical approach is indicated. We report the results of reoperation using an intrahepatic bilioenteric anastomosis.MethodsThe medical charts of patients with biliary complications after OLT during a 10‐year period (1997–2007), who failed to respond to nonsurgical treatment and were surgically treated, were reviewed. Roux‐en‐Y hepatojejunostomy was performed. Segments IV and V were partially removed after cutting the hilar plate, thus obtaining healthy ducts without ischemic or inflammatory reaction and allowing a wide hepatojejunostomy.ResultsFive cases (8.4%) with biliary complications after duct‐to‐duct anastomosis not amenable to further endoscopic management or interventional radiology were identified. Hepaticojejunostomy was achieved in all cases (wide, tension‐free, nonischemic, fine hydrolyzable sutures), and segments IV and V were partially removed. No cholangitis, jaundice, and liver function test abnormalities were present in the postoperative. Mean follow‐up was 24 months. Only one patient died of causes not related to bile duct reconstruction during follow‐up.ConclusionsIntrahepatic hepatojejunostomy with partial resection of segments IV and V offers an excellent therapeutic alternative for biliary complications that require a surgical approach after OLT.
Globalization, Neo‐Liberalism and Community Psychology
Authors: Nafstad Hilde Eileen , Blakar Rolv Mikkel , Carlquist Erik , Phelps Joshua Marvle , Rand-Hendriksen Kim 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA longitudinal analysis (1984–2005) of media language in Norway is presented, demonstrating how the current globalized capitalist market ideology is now permeating this long‐established Scandinavian welfare state. This ideological shift carries powerful implications for community psychology, as traditional welfare state values of equal services based on a universalistic principle are set aside, and social and material inequalities are increasingly accepted. The methodology developed in the present study may serve as a “barometer of community changes”, to borrow a metaphor used by Sarason (2000).
Phenylalanine tolerance can already reliably be assessed at the age of 2 years in patients with PKU
Authors: van Spronsen F. J. , van Rijn M. , Dorgelo B. , Hoeksma M. , Bosch A. M. , Mulder M. F. , de Klerk J. B. C. , de Koning T. , Rubio‐Gozalbo M. Estela , de Vries M. , Verkerk P. H. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryBackground:The clinical severity of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency is usually defined by either pre‐treatment phenylalanine (Phe) concentration or Phe tolerance at 5 years of age. So far, little is known about the course of Phe tolerance or the ability of both pre‐treatment Phe and Phe tolerance at early age to predict Phe tolerance at later age.Aim:This study was conducted to investigate the course of the individual Phe tolerance and to assess the predictive value of both the pre‐treatment Phe concentration and Phe tolerance at 1 and 6 months and 1, 2, 3 and 5 years for Phe tolerance at 10 years of age.Method:Data on blood Phe concentration, prescribed Phe intake and weight of 213 early and continuously treated Dutch PKU patients up to 10 years of age were collected. Data acquired under good metabolic control were used in the study. Tolerance was expressed in mg/day and mg/kg per day.Results:Data at 1 and 6 months and at 1, 2, 3 and 5 years of 61, 58, 59, 57, 56 and 59 patients were included for comparison with the Phe tolerance at 10 years. Phe tolerances (mg/kg per day) at 2, 3 and 5 years showed a clear correlation with the tolerance at 10 years of age (r = 0.608, r = 0.725 and r = 0.661). Results for tolerance expressed as mg/day were comparable. Pre‐treatment Phe concentrations did not correlate significantly with the tolerance.Conclusion:Pre‐treatment Phe is unreliable but Phe tolerance is a reliable predictor of the tolerance at 10 years of age, starting at 2 years of age.
A PEX10 defect in a patient with no detectable defect in peroxisome assembly or metabolism in cultured fibroblasts
Authors: Steinberg S. J. , Snowden A. , Braverman N. E. , Chen L. , Watkins P. A. , Clayton P. T. , Setchell K. D. R. , Heubi J. E. , Raymond G. V. , Moser A. B. , Moser H. W. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryZellweger spectrum disorders (ZSD) are diagnosed by biochemical assay in blood, urine and cultured fibroblasts and PEX gene mutation identification. In most cases studies in fibroblasts corroborate results obtained in body fluids. In 1996 Clayton and colleagues described a 10‐year old girl with evidence of a peroxisome disorder, based on elevated bile acid metabolites and phytanate. At the time it was not possible to distinguish whether she had a ZSD or a single peroxisomal protein defect. Studies in our laboratory showed that she also had elevated plasma pipecolate, supporting the former diagnosis. Despite the abnormal metabolites detected in blood (phytanate, bile acid intermediates and pipecolate), analysis of multiple peroxisomal pathways in fibroblasts yielded normal results. In addition, she had a milder clinical phenotype than usually associated with ZSD. Since complementation analysis to determine the gene defect was not possible, we screened this patient following the PEX Gene Screen algorithm (PGS). The PGS provides a template for sequencing PEX gene exons independent of complementation analysis. Two mutations in PEX10 were identified, a frameshift mutation inherited from her father and a de novo missense mutation in a conserved functional domain on the other allele. This case highlights that molecular analysis may be essential to the diagnosis of patients at the milder end of the ZSD spectrum. Furthermore, it supports the concept that some tissues are less affected by certain PEX gene defects than brain and liver.
The Second Passover, Pilgrimage, and the Centralized Cult
Authors: Chavel Simeon 
Published: January 2009

The passage in Numbers 9:1-14 presents new legislation on the Passover sacrifice. For one who contracted impurity immediately prior to the Passover or was too far away to participate in it, the amendment prescribes an alternate date, one month later:
When any of you or your posterity who are defiled by a corpse or are on a long journey would offer a passover sacrifice to the Lord, they shall offer it in the second month, on the fourteenth day of the month, at twilight (vv. 10-11).