bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curve fitting with a Sobolev gradient method
Authors: Renka R. J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractConsider the problem of constructing a mathematical representation of a curve that satisfies constraints such as interpolation of specified points. This problem arises frequently in the context of both data fitting and Computer Aided Design. We treat the most general problem: the curve may or may not be constrained to lie in a plane; the constraints may involve specified points, tangent vectors, normal vectors, and/or curvature vectors, periodicity, or nonlinear inequalities representing shapepreservation criteria. Rather than the usual piecewise parametric polynomial (B‐spline) or rational (NURB) formulation, we represent the curve by a discrete sequence of vertices along with first, second, and third derivative vectors at each vertex, where derivatives are with respect to arc length. This provides third‐order geometric continuity and maximizes flexibility with an arbitrarily large number of degrees of freedom. The free parameters are chosen to minimize a fairness measure defined as a weighted sum of curve length, total curvature, and variation of curvature. We thus obtain a very challenging constrained optimization problem for which standard methods are ineffective. A Sobolev gradient method, however, is particularly effective. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fast directional multilevel computation for problems with oscillatory kernels
Authors: Engquist Björn , Ying Lexing 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper describes a new directional multilevel algorithm for solving N ‐body or N ‐point problems resulted from integral formulations of wave scattering applications. These problems are difficult since the kernel involved is oscillatory. The starting point of our approach is the observation that the interaction between two point sets has a low rank separable representation as long as they follow an angular separation condition. In order to construct the separable representations numerically, we introduce an efficient procedure based on random sampling. Finally, the resulting low rank representations are embedded in a hierarchical multiscale and multidirectional framework to accelerate the far field computation in an optimal way. This new algorithm has O (N log N) complexity, and the numerical results demonstrate its effectiveness in engineering examples. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Detection and analysis of mammary gland stem cells
Authors: Stingl J 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEmerging evidence from a variety of tissue types, including the mammary gland, suggests that normal stem and progenitor cells are the likely targets for malignant transformation, and that these transformed cells can function as cancer stem cells that drive tumour growth. In order to develop therapies that target these cancer stem cells, it is essential to determine the molecular mechanisms that regulate the growth and differentiation of these cells and their normal counterparts. To this end, a number of quantitative robust clonal assays have been developed that can detect the presence of human and mouse mammary stem and progenitor cells. These assays, when used in conjunction with cell‐sorting strategies, have permitted the prospective isolation and characterization of a variety of cell types, including stem cells. Evidence to date indicates that these stem cells exhibit properties of basal mammary cells, possess extensive self‐renewal properties, and are capable of generating a large number of phenotypically‐distinct progenitor cells, many of which display characteristics of luminal cells. This review article will focus on the assays used to detect mammary stem and progenitor cells, some of the properties of these cells and their progeny and how they relate to the cancer stem cells that drive breast tumour growth. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oestrogen‐mediated phosphorylation and stabilization of BRCA2 protein in breast
Authors: Malone JL , Nelson AC , Lieberman R , Anderson S , Holt JT 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDisease‐associated BRCA2 mutations typically result in protein truncations that delete the phosphorylation‐regulated S3291 BRCA2 domain that interacts with Rad51. BRCA2 hereditary breast cancers are usually ER+, differing from BRCA1 hereditary cancers, which are usually ER−. We studied BRCA2 protein expression and S3291 phosphorylation in normal breast tissues and in sporadic breast cancers and observed that BRCA2 is expressed and phosphorylated in normal breast and 10 ER+ breast cancers but not in 10 ER− breast cancers. In order to study this correlation between ER and BRCA2 expression, we studied ER+ breast cancer cell lines. We found that a rapid increase in BRCA2 S3291 phosphorylation occurs following 17‐β‐oestradiol (E2) treatment. This increase seen in BRCA2 total and phospho‐S3291 protein levels was found to be unaffected with cycloheximide pre‐treatment, but decreased following tamoxifen, ICI 182,780 or roscovitine treatment. This suggests a requirement for ER and cdk (cyclin‐dependent kinase) in mediating the increased protein levels. MCF7 cell cycle distribution analysis following E2, in both the presence and absence of roscovitine (a cdk inhibitor), did not demonstrate any changes during an 8 h period, which further supports our hypothesis that mitogenic effects of E2 are not predominant at early time points. Studies with MG132 proteasome inhibitor and siRNA to skp2 support a model in which skp2‐mediated proteasomal degradation of BRCA2 rapidly degrades BRCA2 protein in the absence of hormone treatment, which likely inhibits this pathway. E2 was shown to improve survival of MCF7 cells upon radiation treatment and roscovitine partially reversed this effect. We have demonstrated that BRCA2 protein is specifically expressed in ER+ breast cancers and are investigating a pathway that may show a link between E2 action and BRCA2 protein function in breast cancer. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cutaneous pseudolymphoma: An unusual presentation of a scalp mass
Authors: Nnebe Nkechinyelu V. , Woon Carolyn , Haines Stephen , Dayton Vanessa , Weigel Brenda J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe term cutaneous pseudolymphoma (CPL), an accumulation of lymphocytes in response to a foreign antigen or unknown stimuli lacks specificity, and has been used when neither cause nor mechanism for the lymphocytic proliferation has been identified. Cases of childhood CPL are rare and require extensive investigation because of their potential for malignant transformation. We report a case of a child with a scalp mass diagnosed as CPL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:283–285. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Healthcare utilization and expenditures for low income children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Raphael Jean L. , Dietrich Craig L. , Whitmire Deborah , Mahoney Donald H. , Mueller Brigitta U. , Giardino Angelo P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundWhile multiple studies have examined the healthcare burden of sickle cell disease (SCD) in adults, few have specifically focused on healthcare utilization and expenditures in children. The objective of this study was to characterize the healthcare utilization and costs associated with the care of low‐income children with SCD in comparison to other children of similar socioeconomic status.ProcedureFor the study period, 2004–2007, we conducted a retrospective, cross‐sectional descriptive analysis of administrative claims data from a managed care plan exclusively serving low‐income children with Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Plan (SCHIP). Patient demographics, continuity of insurance coverage, healthcare utilization, and expenditures were collected for all children enrolled with SCD and the general population within the health plan for comparison.ResultsOn average, 27% of members with SCD required inpatient hospitalization and 39% utilized emergency care in a given calendar year. Both values were significantly higher than those of the general health plan population (P < 0.0001). Across the study period, 63% of members with SCD averaged one well child check per year and 10% had a minimum of one outpatient visit per year to a hematologist for comprehensive specialty care.ConclusionsLow‐income children with SCD demonstrate significantly higher healthcare utilization for inpatient care, emergency center care, and home health care compared to children with similar socio‐demographic characteristics. A substantial proportion of children with SCD may fail to meet minimum guidelines for outpatient primary and hematology comprehensive care. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:263–267. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rhabdomyosarcoma masquerading as acute leukemia
Authors: Shinkoda Yuichi , Nagatoshi Yoshihisa , Fukano Reiji , Nishiyama Kenichi , Okamura Jun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) masquerading as acute leukemia (AL) is very rare. We describe three cases with RMS without any symptoms of solid tumors. Bone marrow (BM) showed approximately 95% of blast‐like abnormal cells, lacking almost all of the surface antigens of myeloid‐ and lymphoid‐lineage. The immunohistochemistry revealed positive of the cells for actin, desmin and myoglobin. It is important to examine BM samples by immunohistochemistry, when a flow cytometric analysis reveals an unusual presentation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:286–287. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vincristine induced peripheral neuropathy potentiated by voriconazole in a patient with previously undiagnosed CMT1X
Authors: Porter Christopher C. , Carver Amy E. , Albano Edythe A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPeripheral neuropathy is a well‐known side effect of vincristine, a micro‐tubule inhibitor commonly used to treat malignancies. Severe neurologic adverse events can occur in patients with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) treated with vincristine. Voriconazole is an antifungal agent used increasingly in children with malignancy. Because of its metabolism by hepatic p450 enzymes, voriconazole may inhibit the clearance of many medications, including vincristine. We report a case of vincristine related neuropathy that was exacerbated by voriconazole in a patient with previously undiagnosed, X‐linked CMT. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:298–300. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vancomycin‐resistant enterococcus in pediatric oncology patients: An analysis of potential consequences of colonization and infection
Authors: Kosack Amanda , Riedel Elyn , Kiehn Timothy E. , Small Trudy N. , Wexler Leonard H. , Dunkel Ira J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA retrospective analysis of 57 pediatric oncology patients with a baseline positive vancomycin‐resistant enterococcus (VRE) culture who subsequently received chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy was performed. The incidence of subsequent VRE infection was calculated using a competing risk analysis accounting for death from non‐VRE causes as a competing risk. Ten patients had subsequent VRE infection. The cumulative incidence of subsequent infection was 14% (7–27%, 95% confidence interval) at 1 year and 16% (9–29%, 95% confidence interval) at 2 years. None of the hypothesized risk factors appeared to differ between patients who developed a subsequent infection and those who did not. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:300–302. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coupling PV and CAES power plants to transform intermittent PV electricity into a dispatchable electricity source
Authors: Mason James , Fthenakis Vasilis , Zweibel Ken , Hansen Tom , Nikolakakis Thomas 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study investigates the transformation of photovoltaic (PV) electricity production from an intermittent into a dispatchable source of electricity by coupling PV plants to compressed air energy storage (CAES) gas turbine power plants. Based on historical solar irradiation data for the United States' south western states and actual PV and CAES performance data, we show that the large‐scale adoption of coupled PV–CAES power plants will likely enable peak electricity generation in 2020 at costs equal to or lower than those from natural gas power plants with or without carbon capture and storage systems. Our findings also suggest that given the societal value of reducing carbon dioxide and the sensitivity of conventional generation to rising fossil fuel prices, this competitive crossover point may occur much sooner. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and stereochemical analysis of some norephedrine‐derived isoxazolidines
Authors: Moosa Basem A. , Wazeer Mohamed I. M. , Fettouhi Mohammed B. , Ali Shaikh A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe diastereoselectivity in the cycloaddition reactions of several mono‐ and disubstituted alkenes with a (‐)norephedrine‐derived methylenenitrone has been investigated. The stereochemical analysis of the addition products (i.e., isoxazolidines) has been carried out by X‐ray, NMR, and chemical conversions. The NMR spectra of the isoxazolidines at low temperatures indicated the presence of either a single or a predominant invertomer. The stereochemistry of the invertomers and nitrogen inversion barriers are determined using complete line‐shape analysis and their dependence on solvent is discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of wind bogus and cloud‐ and rain‐affected SSM/I data on tropical cyclone analyses and forecasts
Authors: Montroty Rémi , Rabier Florence , Westrelin Samuel , Faure Ghislain , Viltard Nicolas 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn the context of its responsibilities as a Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre (RSMC) for the Southwest Indian Ocean, Météo‐France operates a tropical cyclone warning centre which sends advisories to all the concerned countries in the area. In assistance to the forecasters and as part of the operational suite for the short‐range forecasts, a limited‐area model (ALADIN Réunion) is run with four daily analyses. Assimilated observations include conventional observations – radiosondes, buoys, surface stations, aircraft reports, upper‐wind reports – and satellite observations. The latter include QuikSCAT surface winds, atmospheric motion vectors from geostationary satellites, and radiances from polar‐orbiting satellites. Assimilation of satellite radiance data is done in clear‐sky conditions, and thus cannot be used in the vicinity of tropical cyclones. Two new sources of pseudo‐observations are investigated that can bring new information content to those regions: Total Column Water Vapour (TCWV) pseudo‐observations deduced from cloudy/rainy SSM/I data, as well as a 3D wind bogus. The TCWV algorithm is obtained from SSM/I brightness temperatures through a simple statistical regression from the 1D‐Var analyses of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts, which are derived from complex inversion methods using moist physics and radiative transfer models. The 3D wind bogus is derived from structural information contained in the tropical cyclone advisories issued by the RSMC and contains a low‐level vortex composed of two concentric rings of eight winds each, at each of the surface, 850, 700 and 500 hPa levels. Forecast scores and fit of the model to the observations are improved and indicate a positive impact of those new datasets. Structural validation is investigated through the comparison of model and TMI ‘observed’ rain rates: it is found that assimilating and cycling cloudy/rainy TCWV helps achieve more realistic cyclonic features. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Ensemble simulations of the cold European winter of 2005‐2006
Authors: Scaife A. A. , Knight J. R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThere is only limited understanding of the processes driving year‐to‐year variability in European winter climate and the skill of seasonal forecasts for Europe in winter is generally low. The winter of 2005‐2006 is a useful case‐study because it was the coldest winter in large parts of western Europe for over a decade, and the coldest in central England since 1995‐1996. Here, we present results of experiments with a range of general circulation models to investigate the importance of both the Atlantic Ocean and stratospheric circulation in producing the unusually cold winter of 2005‐2006. We use models with different combinations of horizontal and stratospheric vertical resolution, allowing the sensitivity of the response to model formulation to be tested. The response to Atlantic sea‐surface temperature (SST) anomalies is improved in a more recent model with higher horizontal resolution. The results show that both Atlantic SSTs and the January 2006 sudden stratospheric warming are likely to have contributed to the cold 2005‐2006 European winter. © Crown Copyright 2008. Reproduced with the permission of HMSO. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Differences in the lower troposphere in two‐ and three‐dimensional cloud‐resolving model simulations of deep convection
Authors: Petch J. C. , Blossey P. N. , Bretherton C .S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis short note discusses key deficiencies in two‐dimensional (2D) cloud‐resolving model (CRM) simulations. Results differ significantly from three‐dimensional (3D) simulations in the low‐level humidity structure and associated fields. These differences are consistent across two different CRMs that differ substantially in their thermodynamic and microphysical formulations. Our analysis suggests than the near‐surface humidity structure depends on moisture transport in clouds, and we suggest that differences in entrainment between 2D and 3D simulations lead to substantial differences in both cloud amount and moisture transport by the clouds at low levels. When compared with 3D, less entrainment in 2D reduces the likelihood that convective updraughts terminate and moisten the lower troposphere. The differences between the 2D and 3D are significant if the CRM is to be used as a reference for comparison against numerical weather prediction (NWP) or climate models. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society, Crown Copyright 2008
A new quantization rule to the energy spectra for modified hyperbolic‐type potentials
Authors: Dong Shi‐Hai 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA new exact quantization rule simplifies the calculation of the energy levels for exactly solvable quantum systems. The energy spectra of the modified hyperbolic‐type potentials are carried out by this rule. These potentials include the modified Scarf, Rosen–Morse, second Pöschl‐Teller and Eckart potentials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Theoretical investigation of the stability, electronic and magnetic properties of thiolated single‐wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Denis Pablo A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe addition of SH and OH groups to single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was investigated employing first principles calculations. In the case of the semiconducting (10, 0) SWCNT the SWCNT‐SH binding energy is weak, 2–4 kcal/mol. However, for the metallic (5, 5) SWCNT it is larger, 7–9 kcal/mol. Thus metallic SWCNTs seem to be more reactive to SH than the semiconducting ones. Indeed, the (6, 6) SWCNT is more reactive to SH than the (10, 0) SWCNT, by 2–3 kcal/mol, something that can be explained only considering the electronic structure of the tube, because the (6, 6) has a larger diameter. The binding energies are larger for the addition of the OH group, 25 and 30 kcal/mol for the (10, 0) and (5, 5) SWCNTs, respectively. When a single OH or SH group is attached to the metallic SWCNTs, we observe important changes in the DOS at the Fermi level. However, when multiple SH groups are attached, the changes in the electronic and magnetic properties depend on the position of the SH groups. The small binding energy found for the SH addition indicates that the successful functionalization of SWCNTs with SH, SCH3, and S(CH2)nSH groups is mostly due to the presence of defects created after acid treatment and to a minor extent by the metallic tubes present in the samples. Perfect semiconducting SWCNTs showed very low reactivity against the SH group. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of avian uric acid
Authors: Bird Michael I. , Tait Elaine , Wurster Christopher M. , Furness Robert W. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe report results obtained using a new technique developed to measure the stable‐isotope composition of uric acid isolated from bird excreta (guano). Results from a diet‐switch feeding trial using zebra finches suggest that the δ13C of uric acid in the guano equilibrates with the diet of the bird within 3 days of a change in diet, while the equilibration time for δ15N may be longer. The average carbon isotope discrimination between uric acid and food before the diet switch was +0.34 ± 1‰ (1σ) while after the diet switch this increased slightly to +0.83 ± 0.7‰ (1σ). Nitrogen isotope discrimination was +1.3 ± 0.3‰ (1σ) and +0.3 ± 0.3‰ (1σ) before and after the diet switch; however, it is possible that the nitrogen isotope values did not fully equilibrate with diet switch over the course of the experiment. Analyses of other chemical fractions of the guano (organic residue after uric acid extraction and non‐uric acid organics solubilised during extraction) suggest a total range of up to 3‰ for both δ13C and δ15N values in individual components of a single bulk guano sample. The analysis of natural samples from a range of terrestrial and marine species demonstrates that the technique yields isotopic compositions consistent with the known diets of the birds. The results from natural samples further demonstrate that multiple samples from the same species collected from the same location yield similar results, while different species from the same location exhibit a range of isotopic compositions indicative of different dietary preferences. Given that many samples of guano can be rapidly collected without any requirement to capture specimens for invasive sampling, the stable‐isotope analysis of uric acid offers a new, simple and potentially powerful tool for studying avian ecology and metabolism. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous analysis of thirteen diuretics residues in bovine milk by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Shao Bing , Zhang Jing , Yang Yi , Meng Juan , Wu Yongning , Duan Hejun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA simple, rapid, sensitive and specific method used to screen and confirm multi‐class diuretics residues in whole bovine milk is described. Thirteen drugs of four different classes including carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, loop, thiazide and potassium‐sparing diuretics were extracted from whole milk by acetonitrile followed by further purification with hexane. The analytes were separated using an ACQUITY UPLC™ BEH C18 column and detected by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS). MS data acquisition was performed by a time‐scheduled multiple reaction monitoring program, selecting two ion transitions for each target compound. The overall average recoveries based on matrix‐fortified curves fortified with diuretics at three levels ranged from 80.6 to 108.8% with the coefficients of variation ranging from 2.6 to 19.7% (n = 6). The limits of quantitation (LOQs) of diuretics in bovine milk were 5.0 µg/kg for spironolactone and 0.5 µg/kg for other analytes, respectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.