bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in various tumors in dogs
Authors: Setoguchi Asuka , Sakai Tadashi , Okuda Masaru , Minehata Kenichi , Yazawa Mitsuhiro , Ishizaka Tomomichi , Watari Toshihiro , Nishimura Ryohei , Sasaki Nobuo , Hasegawa Atsuhiko , Tsujimoto Hajime 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate aberrations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in naturally developing tumors in dogs.Sample Population—Tumor specimens from 15 dogs with various tumors, including malignant lymphoma (7 dogs), monocytic leukemia (1), mammary gland adenoma (1), mammary gland benign mixed tumor (1), rhabdomyosarcoma (1), colon cancer (1), and osteosarcoma (3).Procedure—Aberrations of the p53 gene in these tumor tissues were examined by reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, using 3 fragments that covered the entire open reading frame of the canine p53 gene, followed by nucleotide sequencing of the abnormal bands.Results—Point mutations, deletions, and insertions resulting in a number of amino acid substitutions of wild-type p53 were detected in 7 of the 15 tumor specimens from dogs with malignant lymphoma, monocytic leukemia, rhabdomyosarcoma, colon cancer, and osteosarcoma. Of these 7 dogs, 2 had aberrations of the p53 gene on both alleles, whereas 5 had aberrations of the p53 gene on 1 allele and concurrently lacked the wild-type p53 transcript. Many of the aberrations of the p53 gene detected in these tumors were located in the transactivation, DNA binding, and oligomerization domains.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Various naturally developing tumors in dogs often have inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, which may be 1 of the multiple step-wise genetic changes during tumorigenesis. This study indicates that p53 gene can be a target for gene therapy for tumors in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:433–439)
Photoelastic stress analysis of strain patterns in equine hooves after four-point trimming
Authors: Dejardin Loic M. , Arnoczky Steven P. , Cloud Gary L. , Stick John A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate changes in strain patterns in normal equine hooves following 4-point trimming, using photoelastic stress analysis.Sample Population—15 equine front limbs with normal hoof configuration.Procedure—Limbs were disarticulated at the carpometacarpal joint. Weight-bearing surfaces of each hoof were trimmed level to ensure 100% ground contact. Hoof walls were coated with a custom-made strain-sensitive plastic, and limbs were loaded to a third of body weight. Using a polariscope, strain distribution, magnitudes, and directions were evaluated in level hooves as well as before and after standardized 4-point trimming. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare strain magnitudes and directions before and after trimming.Results—In leveled specimens, strain fields were symmetrically distributed above the heels and at quarter-toe junctions along a line between the middle and distal thirds of the hoof wall. After 4-point trimming, strain epicenters localized above the contact points, whereas strain magnitudes significantly increased by approximately 50%. Decreasing contact area by 50% resulted in an additional significant increase (32%) in strain magnitude. Trimming did not have a significant effect on strain orientations.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—This study documents that 4-point trimming results in strain concentration above the hoof contact points and that strain magnitude is dependent on contact area. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:467–473)
Determination of differential cell counts in feline bone marrow by use of flow cytometry
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the potential usefulness of 2
flow cytometric methods for determination of differential
cell counts in feline bone marrow.

Sample Population—10 bone marrow specimens
from client-owned cats.

Procedure—Bone marrow specimens were stained
with 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6) and
evaluated by use of flow cytometry. Differential
counts were also determined by analysis of scatterplots
of forward-angle versus side-angle light scatter
of unstained specimens, obtained by use of flow
cytometry (scatterplot method). Results of both flow
cytometric methods were compared with differential
cell counts determined by manually counting 1,000
cells on slides of Wright-stained smears.

Results—Staining with DiOC6 resulted in identification
of mature and immature erythroid and myeloid
cells and lymphocytes. Use of the scatterplot method
resulted in identification of mature and immature erythroid
and myeloid cells and metamyelocytes.
However, to identify lymphocytes by use of the scatterplot
method, bone marrow specimens were first
labeled with an anti-major histocompatability class-II
antibody. Comparison of results of the scatterplot
method with manual counts yielded higher correlation
coefficients and more similar mean values than did
comparison of results of the DiOC6 method.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—The scatterplot
method provided more accurate and precise
results than the DiOC6 method for determination of
bone marrow differential cell counts in cats by use of
flow cytometry. When combined with fluorescent
labeling of lymphocytes, the scatterplot method has
potential to provide rapid semiquantitative assessment
of bone marrow differential cell counts in cats.
(Am J Vet Res 2001;62:474–478)
Density of corneal endothelial cells and corneal thickness in eyes of euthanatized horses
Authors: Andrew Stacy E. , Ramsey David T. , Hauptman Joe G. , Brooks Dennis E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine density of corneal endothelial cells and corneal thickness in eyes of euthanatized horses.Sample Population—52 normal eyes from 26 horses.Procedure—Eyes were enucleated after horses were euthanatized. Eyes were examined to determine that they did not have visible ocular defects. Noncontact specular microscopy was used to determine density of corneal endothelial cells. Corneal thickness was measured, using ultrasonic pachymetry or specular microscopy.Results—Mean density of corneal endothelial cells was 3,155 cells/mm2. Cell density decreased with age, but sex did not affect cell density. Values did not differ significantly between right and left eyes from the same horse. Cell density of the ventral quadrant was significantly less than cell density of the medial and temporal quadrants. Mean corneal thickness was 893 µm. Sex or age did not affect corneal thickness. Dorsal and ventral quadrants were significantly thicker than the medial and temporal quadrants and central portion of the cornea. We did not detect a correlation between corneal thickness and density of endothelial cells in normal eyes of horses.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Density of corneal endothelial cells decreases with age, but corneal thickness is not affected by age or sex in normal eyes of horses. The technique described here may be useful for determining density of endothelial cells in the cornea of enucleated eyes. This is clinically relevant for analyzing corneal donor tissue prior to harvest and use for corneal transplantation. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:(479–482)
Disposition, elimination, and bioavailability of phenytoin and its major metabolite in horses
Authors: Soma Lawrence R. , Uboh Cornelius E. , Guan Fuyu , Birks Eric K. , Teleis Donna C. , Rudy Jeffrey A. , Tsang Deborah S. , Watson Anthony O. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine pharmacokinetics and excretion of phenytoin in horses.Animals—6 adult horses.Procedure—Using a crossover design, phenytoin was administered (8.8 mg/kg of body weight, IV and PO) to 6 horses to determine bioavailability (F). Phenytoin also was administered orally twice daily for 5 days to those same 6 horses to determine steadystate concentrations and excretion patterns. Blood and urine samples were collected for analysis.Results—Mean (± SD) elimination half-life following a single IV or PO administration was 12.6 ± 2.8 and 13.9 ± 6.3 hours, respectively, and was 11.2 ± 4.0 hours following twice-daily administration for 5 days. Values for F ranged from 14.5 to 84.7%. Mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) following single oral administration was 1.8 ± 0.68 µg/ml. Steady-state plasma concentrations following twice-daily administration for 5 days was 4.0 ± 1.8 µg/ml. Of the 12.0 ± 5.4% of the drug excreted during the 36-hour collection period, 0.78 ± 0.39% was the parent drug phenytoin, and 11.2 ± 5.3% was 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (p-HPPH). Following twice-daily administration for 5 days, phenytoin was quantified in plasma and urine for up to 72 and 96 hours, respectively, and p-HPPH was quantified in urine for up to 144 hours after administration. This excretion pattern was not consistent in all horses.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Variability in F, terminal elimination-phase half-life, and Cmaxfollowing single or multiple oral administration of phenytoin was considerable. This variability makes it difficult to predict plasma concentrations in horses after phenytoin administration. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:483–489)
Contact transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey in pigs
Authors: Stallknecht David E. , Perzak Deborah E. , Bauer Leslie D. , Murphy Molly D. , Howerth Elizabeth W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine how viral shedding and development or lack of clinical disease relate to contact transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey (VSV-NJ) in pigs and determine whether pigs infected by contact could infect other pigs by contact.Animals—63 pigs.Procedure—Serologically naive pigs were housed in direct contact with pigs that were experimentally inoculated with VSV-NJ via ID inoculation of the apex of the snout, application to a scarified area of the oral mucosa, application to intact oral mucosa, or ID inoculation of the ear. In a second experiment, pigs infected with VSV-NJ by contact were moved and housed with additional naive pigs. Pigs were monitored and sampled daily for clinical disease and virus isolation and were serologically tested before and after infection or contact.Results—Contact transmission developed only when vesicular lesions were evident. Transmission developed rapidly; contact pigs shed virus as early as 1 day after contact. In pens in which contact transmission was detected, 2 of 3 or 3 of 3 contact pigs were infected.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Transmission was lesion-dependent; however, vesicular lesions often were subtle with few or no clinical signs of infection. Contact transmission was efficient, with resulting infections ranging from subclinical (detected only by seroconversion) to clinical (development of vesicular lesions). Long-term maintenance of VSV-NJ via contact transmission alone appears unlikely. Pigs represent an efficient large-animal system for further study of VSV-NJ pathogenesis and transmission. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:516–520)
Effects of intranasal inoculation with Bordetella bronchiseptica, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, or a combination of both organisms on subsequent infection with Pasteurella multocida in pigs
Authors: Brockmeier Susan L. , Palmer Mitchell V. , Bolin Steven R. , Rimler Richard B. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine effects of intranasal inoculation
with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
virus (PRRSV) or Bordetella bronchiseptica on
challenge with nontoxigenic Pasteurella multocida in
pigs.

Animals—Seventy 3-week-old pigs.

Procedure—In experiment 1, pigs were not inoculated
(n= 10) or were inoculated with PRRSV (10), P multocida
(10), or PRRSV followed by challenge with P
multocida (10). In experiment 2, pigs were not inoculated
(n = 10) or were inoculated with B bronchiseptica
(10) or PRRSV and B bronchiseptica (10); all pigs
were challenged with P multocida. Five pigs from
each group were necropsied 14 and 21 days after initial
inoculations.

Results—Pasteurella multocida was not isolated
from tissue specimens of pigs challenged with P multocida
alone or after inoculation with PRRSV.
However, in pigs challenged after inoculation with B
bronchiseptica, P multocida was isolated from specimens
of the nasal cavity and tonsil of the soft palate.
Number of bacteria isolated increased in pigs challenged
after coinoculation with PRRSV and B bronchiseptica,
and all 3 agents were isolated from pneumonic
lesions in these pigs.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Infection of
pigs with B bronchiseptica but not PRRSV prior to
challenge with P multocida resulted in colonization of
the upper respiratory tract and tonsil of the soft palate
with P multocida. Coinfection with PRRSV and B
bronchiseptica predisposed pigs to infection of the
upper respiratory tract and lung with P multocida.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
and B bronchiseptica may interact to adversely affect
respiratory tract defense mechanisms, leaving pigs
especially vulnerable to infection with secondary
agents such as P multocida. (Am J Vet Res 2001;
62:521–525)
Microvascular development and growth of uterine tissue during the estrous cycle in mares
Authors: Ferreira-Dias Graça M. , Serrão Paula M. , Durão José F. Costa , Silva José Robalo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To document uterine growth and microvascular development in the endometrium of uteri with differing degrees of fibrosis as well as uterine growth throughout the estrous cycle of mares.Animals—30 mares.Procedure—Uterine tissue was obtained during the breeding season from a slaughter facility. Stage of estrous cycle of the mares was assessed on the basis of ovarian structures and plasma progesterone concentrations. Endometrium was characterized by use of light microscopy, and blood vessel walls were marked by histochemical techniques. Microvascular development was evaluated by a computerized image analysis system. Growth of uterine tissue was based on cellular content of DNA and RNA, RNA:DNA, and protein:DNA.Results—Significant differences in vascular density were not observed in the endometrium of uteri obtained from mares euthanatized during the follicular or luteal phase of the estrous cycle, regardless of whether endometrial classification of degree of fibrosis was considered. There was a 3-fold increase in amount of DNA and RNA of endometrial cells in the follicular phase when compared to myometrium. Hypertrophy of endometrial tissue during the luteal phase was reflected by a significant increase in cell protein content and protein:DNA.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Endometrial growth of vascular tissues during the estrous cycle may be coordinated with development of nonvascular tissue. Estrogen and progesterone may play a role in regulation of uterine growth and angiogenesis. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:526–530)
Induction of specific cytotoxic T-cell activity against xenogeneic target cells in carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Yamamoto Kiyoe , Mukamoto Masafumi , Watarai Shinobu , Kodama Hiroshi , Nakayasu Chihaya , Okamoto Nobuaki 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To investigate the induction of cytotoxic T cells in carp (Cyprinus carpio) after inoculation of fish with 2 xenogeneic line cells and to examine specificity of the cytotoxic activity.Animals—22 carp.Procedure—Fish were inoculated with mouse myeloma line cells P3.NS-1/1Ag4.1 (NS-1) or chicken Marek's disease tumor-derived lymphoma line cells (MDCC MSB-1). Cytotoxic activity of immune lymphocytes was evaluated by incubating effector cells with homologous and heterologous target cells. Populations of effector cells were identified by blocking T-lymphocytes from effector cells, using anti-carp T-cell monoclonal antibody and complement.Results—Lymphocytes in blood, spleen, and head kidney of carp inoculated with NS-1 cells or MDCC MSB-1 cells had dose-dependent cytotoxic effects against homologous target cells but not against heterologous target cells. Lymphocytes from noninoculated carp did not have cytotoxic effects. Depletion of Tlymphocytes in spleen cells from NS-1-inoculated carp resulted in a decrease of cytotoxic activity against NS-1 cells. Cytotoxic activity of spleen lymphocytes from NS-1-inoculated or noninoculated carp was not evident when cytotoxic tests were performed after addition of anti-NS-1 carp serum.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Inoculation with xenogeneic target cells induces a specific cytotoxic T-cell response in carp. Thus, cell-mediated immunity plays a role in defense against infection of parasitic organisms such as protozoa and helminths. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:599–603)
Use of a polymerase chain reaction assay to detect and differentiate two strains of Haemobartonella felis in naturally infected cats
Authors: Jensen Wayne A. , Lappin Michael R. , Kamkar Sherwin , Reagan William J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that detects and differentiates the Ohio strain ofHaemobartonella felis(H felis-OH) and the California strain ofH felis(H felis-CA) and to apply the assay to blood samples from cats with and without suspected haemobartonellosis (suspect and control cats, respectively).Sample Population—220 blood samples were examined; 82 were from suspect cats, and 138 were from control cats.Procedure—A PCR assay was designed to detect and differentiateH felis-OH andH felis-CA.Results—On the basis of PCR assay results, the overall prevalence ofH felisinfection was 19.5% (43/220). Suspect cats (28.0%; 23/82) were significantly more likely than control cats (14.5%; 20/138) to beH felisinfected. Significantly greater numbers of suspect cats wereH felis-OH infected (12.2%, 9/82) orH felis-OH andH felis-CA infected (4.9%, 4/82) than control cats (0% [0/138] and 0.7% [1/138], respectively). Significantly more anemic cats wereH felis-OH infected (14.3%; 4/28) orH felis-OH andH felis-CA infected (7.1%; 2/28) than nonanemic cats (2.3% [3/128] and 0.8% [1/128], respectively). The PCR assay was more accurate than cytologic examination for detection ofH felis.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Haemobartonella felisinfections are more common in cats than previously recognized.Haemobartonella felis-OH is apparently more pathogenic thanH felis-CA. The PCR assay is more accurate than cytologic examination for detection ofH felisinfection and is an effective clinical tool for the detection and differentiation of bothH felisstrains known to infect cats. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:604–608)
Sedative, analgesic, and cardiovascular effects of levomedetomidine alone and in combination with dexmedetomidine in dogs
Authors: Kuusela Erja , Vainio Outi , Kaistinen Anu , Kobylin Sanna , Raekallio Marja 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether a high dose of levomedetomidine had any pharmacologic activity or would antagonize the sedative and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine in dogs.Animals—6 healthy Beagles.Procedure—Each dog received the following treatments on separate days: a low dose of levomedetomidine (10 µg/kg), IV, as a bolus, followed by continuous infusion at a dose of 25 µg/kg/h; a high dose of levomedetomidine (80 µg/kg), IV, as a bolus, followed by continuous infusion at a dose of 200 µg/kg/h; and a dose of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, IV, as a bolus, followed by continuous infusion (control). For all 3 treatments, the infusion was continued for 120 minutes. After 60 minutes, a single dose of dexmedetomidine (10 µg/kg) was administered IV. Sedation and analgesia were scored subjectively, and heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, arterial blood gas partial pressures, and rectal temperatures were monitored.Results—Administration of levomedetomidine did not cause any behavioral changes. However, administration of the higher dose of levomedetomidine enhanced the bradycardia and reduced the sedative and analgesic effects associated with administration of dexmedetomidine.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that administration of dexmedetomidine alone may have some cardiovascular benefits over administration of medetomidine, which contains both dexmedetomidine and levomedetomidine. Further studies are needed to confirm the clinical importance of the effects of levomedetomidine in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:616–621)
Fecal shedding of Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium parvum, Salmonella organisms, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 from llamas in California
Authors: Rulofson Franz C. , Atwill Edward R. , Holmberg Charles A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate fecal shedding ofGiardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium parvum, Salmonellaorganisms, andEscherichia coliO157:H7 from llamas in California with respect to host factors and management practices.Animals—354 llamas from 33 facilities.Procedure—Fecal specimens were collected and examined forG duodenalisandC parvumby means of immunofluorescent microscopy.Salmonellaorganisms were cultured by placing feces into selenite enrichment broth followed by selective media.Escherichia coliO157:H7 was cultured by use of modified tryptocase soy broth followed by sorbitol MacConkey agar, with suspect colonies confirmed by means of immunofluorescent microscopy.Results—12 of 354 fecal specimens (3.4%) hadG duodenaliscysts. Younger llamas (crias) were more likely to be shedding cysts, compared with older llamas. Farm-level factors that increased the risk of shedding were large numbers of yearlings on the property (> 10), smaller pen sizes, large numbers of crias born during the previous year (> 10), and large pen or pasture populations (> 20). None of the 354 fecal specimens hadC parvumoocysts. Seventy-six (from 7 facilities) and 192 (from 22 facilities) llamas were tested forSalmonellaorganisms andE coliO157:H7, respectively. All fecal specimens had negative results for these bacteria.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Shedding ofG duodenaliswas primarily limited to crias 1 to 4 months old. Llamas from properties with large numbers of crias born in the previous year, resulting in large numbers of yearlings in the current year, were at greater risk of infection. In addition, housing llamas in smaller pens or pastures and managing llamas and crias in large groups also increased the risk ofG duodenalisshedding. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:637–642)
Spectrum analysis of respiratory sounds in exercising horses with experimentally induced laryngeal hemiplegia or dorsal displacement of the soft palate
Authors: Derksen Frederik J. , Holcombe Susan J. , Hartmann William , Robinson N. Edward , Stick John A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To record respiratory sounds in exercising horses and determine whether spectrum analysis could be use to identify sounds specific for laryngeal hemiplegia (LH) and dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP).Animals—5 Standardbred horses.Procedure—Respiratory sounds were recorded and pharyngeal pressure and stride frequency were measured while horses exercised at speeds corresponding to maximum heart rate, before and after induction of LH and DDSP.Results—When airway function was normal, expiratory sounds predominated and lasted throughout exhalation. After induction of LH, expiratory sounds were unaffected; however, all horses produced inspiratory sounds characterized by 3 frequency bands centered at approximately 0.3, 1.6, and 3.8 kHz. After induction of DDSP, inspiratory sounds were unaffected, but a broad-frequency expiratory sound, characterized by rapid periodicity (rattling) was heard throughout expiration. This sound was not consistently detected in all horses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The technique used to record respiratory sounds was well tolerated by the horses, easy, and inexpensive. Spectrum analysis of respiratory sounds from exercising horses after experimental induction of LH or DDSP revealed unique sound patterns. If other conditions causing airway obstruction are also associated with unique sound patterns, spectrum analysis of respiratory sounds may prove to be useful in the diagnosis of airway abnormalities in horses. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:659–664)