bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management Team Role in Safety Performance Improvement
Authors: Arias Daniel R. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Pan American Energy LLC. is an exploration and production Company which established in November 1997 in Argentina.
During 2006, PAE produced more than 79 MMBOE. To this effort, the Company devoted more than 21 million man-hours and drove over 87 million km.
Since its inception in 1997 and the implementation of its Health, Safety and Environmental policy, PAE has continuously improved its performance in safety and environment protection.
One of the Company's success factors was based on the involvement and commitment of both, its own employees as well as the Contractors, in the prevention of accidents and environmental protection. A critical factor in the implementation of the HSE system was the role of PAE's line of management in achieving compliance with the policy rules.
To that aim, PAE created the Health, Safety and Environment Forum integrated by the Company's Operation Managers and Vice-presidents, having the mission to ensure compliance with HSE objectives, promote the tendency to zero accidents and/or occupational illnesses and prevent environmental damage, as well as continuously promote commitment and ensure an active communication across the entire Organization.
The HSE Forum agenda is updated every year on the basis of such issues which require more focused consideration. Thus, during the last years, the Forum worked towards the reduction of risks related to vehicle accidents, ground disturbance, confined space entry, load movement and work at environmental sensitive areas.
By the end of 1997, the DAFWC rate was of 1.48 accidents per 200,000 worked hours and by December 2006 this rate was of 0.038. This lagging indicator reflects the improvement achieved over the years. It is important to keep in mind that proactive measures must also form part of KPIs in order to reinforce and maintain a prevention culture in the Company.
Improving Environmental and Occupational Health Performance Through a HSE Management System—A Seven-Year Case Study
Authors: Leuterman Arthur J. J. , Candler John , Rabke Stephen , Ceron Roberto F. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Environmental and health issues are frequently nettlesome and often costly if left unaddressed. Within the last 40 years many industrialized countries have developed laws for protecting citizen's health and the environment. These laws have helped in the development of regulations minimizing the impact of environmental and occupational health issues. Translated to the workplace, these regulations drive companies to develop programs with a structured and consistent approach that will protect its workers, minimize its impact on the environment, and protect communities in which it does business. The implementation of a management system provides both governances in an easy-to-use fashion. This constructive means of facilitating, fostering and encouraging performance has shown very dramatic results throughout an oilfield service company.
In 2000, the firm developed a health, safety and environmental management system that included standards to which company operations would adhere. Since the company operates in a number of countries, the standards were written in a general nature to allow for incorporation of local requirements. Each company location throughout the world was charged with implementing the requirements of the management system and making the changes necessary to conform to the corporate management system and the local regulations. Within a year of implementing the management system, audits were scheduled and performed at company facilities to confirm implementation and provide suggestions for further improvement to the management system. A scoring system was used to compare progress made by different sites within the same geographical area as well as progress made by locations throughout the company.
This paper examines the cultural shift, attitudinal redirection and resultant changes in the company's business activities in the occupational health and environmental sectors. This includes the integration of risk assessments and job safety analyses, emergency response planning and training, and annual auditing as tools to improve performance with the results from more than 50 countries over seven years charted.
Innovative Methodology for Cleaning Pipes—Key to Environmental Protection
Authors: Soranç Buzelin Luiz Otávio , de Campos Lima Cláudio Benevenuto 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The oil companies typically have flexible and rigid pipes abandoned from their submarine supplies along with closed wells that are not economically attractive. In the process to abandon the pipes, it is absolutely essential that a proper cleaning treatment as per the environmental regulations is followed.
Normally, these operations are expensive and risky. The pipelines are shipped onshore to an appropriate base using a conventional system, including the withdrawal of the lines by Lay Support Vessels (LSV), from the bottom of sea to be cleaned and hydrostatically tested. As the rigid pipelines can not be recovered through the conventional system, it's necessary to clean the pipes before abandoning. The normal process of cleaning the pipes using PIG and water is not very effective. Hence a new methodology has been developed using chemicals to remove paraffin and asphaltene.
The chemical product is basically composed of Diesel, Isopropane, Benzene and Napthalene, which helps to effectively clear the clogged pipes. The pipes need to be treated with these chemicals for a minimum of 12 hours, better results can be obtained by increasing the treatment period. A special filtration procedure is required to separate the liquids and solids from the material that is discarded from the pipes and the liquids are recycled through the pipe again till the pipes are fully treated. Finally, the liquids are fed into the plant treatment processes and solids are discarded. In the past, a different set of products was used which required an extensive treatment of the liquids being discarded from the system. This new solution is more cost-effective and the results are much better than the previous approach and environment friendly at the same time.
Hearing Loss: A Case Study on the Burden of the Oil Industry
Authors: Zambrano Celly John J. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
It is normally accepted that hearing loss is an important occupational health issue. However, for how much hearing loss is the industry responsible? What are the main concerns when hiring personnel to work in loud noise contamination areas? How much safety engineering is necessary? Is personal protective equipment (PPE) enough to avoid the problem? Could modern living style be part of the problem?
In this review, the author analyzes more than a thousand medical records of personnel working in the industry in a Latin-American country (Ecuador) over a five-year period and proposes some answers to these questions.
General or ear-specific and previous medical conditions—chronic or acute—and some commonly used medicines constituted the majority of the cases.
Other cases could not be classified as occupational because no evidence of exposure or lack of protection in daily work activities was found. Field operations could expose employees to noise contamination, but office work does not.
Preoccupational physicals, particularly for field personnel, must always include hearing screening with an audiogram to determine previous deafness conditions, and proper follow-up must be included in regular physical examinations to detect early hearing problems.
Assessing noise levels in the workplace and noise exposure in employees is an important role of the HSE department—both to control loud noise in the first place and to implement mitigation measures such as PPE. Supervision of appropriate use of PPE is very important, because controlling noise at the source can become very difficult and expensive.
Finally, hearing loss can also occur in non-occupationally exposed people because modern living styles and other risk factors may cause hearing problems.
Challenges for Realization of Health, Safety and Environment into Detailed Design in Onshore EPC Projects
Authors: Tanigawa K. , Kobayashi K. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
This paper discusses the challenges for the realization of HSE requirements into the detailed design in onshore EPC projects. It describes the actions taken and tools developed to assist a more efficient engineering execution, within the EPC schedule and budget, by ensuring the identification and implementation of the HSE requirements into the detailed design.
Incidence of Kidney Stones Among Oilfield Workers in the Republic of Yemen
Authors: Sellei Lajos , Feng Li Ren 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
In the Republic of Yemen the most common cause of medical consultations and medical evacuations from oilfield locations is renal colic due to urolithiasis. There is no week without this kind of emergency and there is no single day in field clinics or in our occupational health clinic without an employee complaining of painful urination, blood in urine or back pain. The major cause of these complaints is urinary crystals and stones and their related consequences.
International health statistics show the average incidence of urinary tract stones to be between 3 and 6 % with the highest rates found in the over 60 years age group. In the Republic of Yemen among oilfield workers over the last 3 years we found the incidence to be more than 10 % with no significant difference between the various ages. This result is identical to that reported in local health statistics reviewing the Yemeni population. We can consider this high incidence of kidney stones among oilfield workers to be non-work related, but due to the local environment – extreme heat, dryness, lack of rehydration, dietary habits, etc.
In the Republic of Yemen, even if the employee is a local or a foreigner, working in the country more than 2-3 years can produce urinary tract crystals and stones, and their related symptoms. How to prevent kidney stones in hot working environments has become a major training issue.
Corporate Social Responsibility History Case: Solidarity Program Associated with the Touat Project of Gaz de France in the South West of Algeria
Authors: Augustin Antoine , Leblanc Michel 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Mid 2003, Gaz de France started drilling operations on the Exploration License of Touat located in the South West Algeria. Early 2006, Gaz de France launched an associated Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) project.
Primary contacts have been initiated with local authorities and with the well established United Nations Development Program (UNDP), in order to benefit from the social baseline information they had already gathered, and from some pilot actions they were carrying with local associations.
From these contacts, Gaz de France has initiated a CSR project, referred to as the Touat Solidarity Program, which is articulated around a number of key structuring elements. First, the Touat Solidarity Program project favor long terms objectives. Secondly, it fits into the program of the UNDP who has pre-identified and evaluated the needs of the area of activities. Other E&P actors are supporting and taking part to this UNDP program. The Touat Solidarity Program is also developed in relation with the local authorities to favor its acceptability and benefit from the authorities financial support. Local actors are involved as much as possible, and training is provided to build up their autonomy. Codegaz, a Non Governmental Organization (NGO) close to Gaz de France, is involved in the implementation of the program. Being present in the field and manned by Gaz de France employees and ex-employees, the contribution of Codegaz emphasizes the visibility of Gaz de France on site. The organization ensures actions are fruitful for locals.
The different entities of Gaz de France involved in the project are liaising as required in order to ensure the consistency of the project and be able to clearly communicate on the subject to the company stakeholders.
The principles at the heart of the Touat solidarity program are in line with the main E&P industry recommendations who advise to privilege long-term over short-term actions, to engage with local authorities and NGOs, to collaborate with other E&P actors and to resort to social issues specialists.
Institutional Capacity Building For Creating Health System Governance And Sustainable Development
Authors: Madera Angelo , Cianca Stefano , Uberti Filippo , Abushawashi Ali , Elbousify Ahmed I. , Swehli Mohamed 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
SCOPEANDNATUREOFTHEPAPER: Paper presents preliminary actions carried out by Eni North Africa BV within its sustainability projects in health sector in Libya for stimulating participation and commitment by the local community and creating new competencies. A national survey to assess conditions at cardiovascular hospital units has been planned within the country to contribute in setting-up a data flow between hospital facilities and relevant authorities. The survey census involve both scientific and institutional stakeholders that have been co-operated closely during all planning and implementing activities. Reliable data availability, acquiring updated approach in health service research and renewed leadership in promoting quality among the hospital facilities by the institutional stakeholders are the final goal of the exercise. RESULTS, CONCLUSIONS: The survey exercise piloted a mechanism for stakeholder engagement for contributing to improve the co-operation among the national health service actors, to establish a nationwide collaborative network of cardiovascular professionals, improving their skills and capabilities on Clinical Governance issues, for enabling them to support actively coming reforming policies and actions promoted by the Ministry of Health and Environment.
Techniques for monitoring the recovery of deep, cold-water habitats following physical disturbance from drilling discharges
Authors: Jones Daniel O. B. , Park Iain F. J. , Gates Andrew R. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Recovery of deep, cold-water benthic habitats following physical disturbance caused by discharges of cuttings and water-based mud from drilling have been measured using remotely operated vehicle video sampling techniques. These approaches allowed opportunistic monitoring to be carried out as part of an environmental impact assessment and in stand-by time from a drilling rig using existing technology. This provides oil and gas operators with a realistic method for integrating routine environmental monitoring into normal operations, providing a cost-effective and scientifically robust monitoring method. This study outlines, as an example of successful use, the monitoring of recovery in megafaunal assemblages at the Laggan field in the Faroe-Shetland channel immediately after discharge and again two years after discharge. Data were also collected on baseline conditions and from a nearby well site to provide data on recovery ten years after discharge. Initial disturbance resulted in a reduction in faunal diversity and density from baseline levels close to drilling activity (100 m). After two years and within 100 m of the drilling activity assemblages were still significantly different in composition and lower in diversity and density. Recovery was suggested after ten years by increases in faunal density and diversity close to the site of previous drilling activity. In the area completely covered by cuttings (approx. 30 m radius after 10 years), there were few megafauna observed in any survey. The implications for management are discussed.
eXpLore Leadership Programme—HSSE Training Specific to the Needs of Exploration Leaders
Authors: Gerber Kurt , Naylor Michael , Berry Ruth , Sheperdigian Doug , Rudkin Darren 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The design and delivery of an HSSE module on Shell's eXpLore leadership programme was a direct response to requests from exploration staff and leaders for more structured attention on HSSE in a manner relevant to the specific HSSE challenges which Shell's Exploration business faces.
The objectives of the HSSE module of the Shell eXpLore programme are to: –Raise the profile of HSSE in Shell's Global Exploration Function by creating a passion and sense of ownership for HSSE;–De-mystify HSSE management and create a sense of confidence in using HSSE systems;–Demonstrate leadership commitment to HSSE;–Simplify and prioritise Shell's HSSE requirements, processes and procedures;–Create an environment in which HSSE experience is part of the development and progression of talented individuals;–Ensure that a ‘high reliability’ HSSE culture is intrinsic to our planning and execution of ventures;–Offer refreshing external insights to familiar internal HSSE challenges.–Impact the performance of our (new) ventures.Fig. 1The eXpLore leadership programme covers six different business and capability themes (shown in blue) within the exploration business process. It was launched in September 2004 to complement existing Shell leadership training programmes.
The programme's goal is to enhance exploration performance by creating a well led, aligned, highly skilled and highly motivated exploration community.
The new HSSE eXpLore module was designed jointly by University of Cambridge faculty, their supporting consultants and Shell's senior Exploration Leaders.
The first 2.5 days are filled with a rich programme of lectures, simulations and exercises, relevant case studies, faculty from Shell, Cambridge and associated Universities, and renowned external speakers. This is followed by a unique ‘real work’ project of 1.5 days to solve urgent and real-time HSSE issues for a new Exploration venture. The course also includes a hazard spotting tour in Cambridge, which is not only great fun, but also allows networking and strengthen the global Exploration community.
Ready For R.E.A.C.H.?—A Service Company Approach to REACH Sustainable Solutions
Authors: Castanares A. , Sanders J. , Pongratz R. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
R.E.A.CH., the European Union Regulation on Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals, was adopted by the European Parliament in December 2006. REACH entered directly into EU Member State National law on June 1, 2007. The regulation is one of the most complex and far-reaching pieces of legislation ever implemented in Europe and will be phased in over an 11-year period. The aim of REACH is to protect human health and the environment from potential risks derived from the use of chemicals. The adoption of REACH reverses the responsibility for the testing and risk assessment of chemicals from national authorities to manufacturers, importers, and end users of chemicals.
The new regulation will have a significant financial impact on the European chemical industry and its downstream users. Various impact studies have already demonstrated such effects. However, while accepting that all actors in the supply chain, including the oil industry sector, will be affected to some extent, a proactive approach to the challenge and early readiness has been followed by this company while it concentrated on improving the health and safety properties of marketed chemicals.
From a continued commitment to improving human safety and environmental excellence, this company, a major oilfield service company, set up a global inter-departmental task force in 2005 to prepare for REACH. This task force includes representatives from HSE (Health, Safety, and Environment) and PML (Procurement, Materials, Logistics) departments, Research and Development departments and the affected PSLs (product service lines) covering all aspects in a project environment. The resulting strategic plan is discussed in the context of an oilfield service company searching for sustainable solutions. Challenges in procurement practices, complexity of communication channels in oilfield chemical-supply chains, the potential benefits of the new regulation, and data/examples are presented.
Microwave treatment of oil-contaminated drill cuttings at pilot scale
Authors: Robinson John , Kingman Sam , Snape Colin , Bradley Michael , Bradshaw Steven , Thomas Dominic , Page Paul William 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
This paper details a new technology for the continuous treatment of contaminated drill cuttings at a throughput of 500 kg/hr, and can be scaled-up for use in offshore locations.
The change in legislation for oily cuttings discharges in the North Sea at the beginning of the century resulted in the introduction of a 1% residual oil limit for discharged cuttings. At the time, because nothing was capable of achieving a 1% level offshore, only two options existed to deal with oily cuttings: containment for onshore processing (skip & ship), and injection (CRI). With time, a thermo-mechanical cuttings cleaning process has produced cuttings with oil &lt;1%, although with a significant deck space impact and restricted throughput.
Previous studies have shown that microwave treatment is able to reduce oil levels to well below 1% in a laboratory environment, and this work has studied the scale-up of the system to a 500 kg/hr continuous process. The manufacture of a pilot-scale cuttings treatment system involved the collaboration between microwave and electromagnetic engineering specialists, bulk solids handling and process engineering disciplines. The feed cuttings are conditioned in a solids mixer, before being fed via a conveyor to a specifically designed microwave cavity. The oil is removed and recovered using an extraction and condensation system, with the product oil being very similar in composition to the base oil in the drilling mud. Residual oil levels of &lt;0.1% are obtainable, and cuttings throughputs of 500 kg/hr are possible using a 30kW microwave source. The microwave process typically consumes 60 kWh of electrical energy per tonne of cuttings, and the trade-off between microwave power, residual oil content, cuttings throughput and overall energy requirements are discussed.
This is the first step in the development of a modular system, with low deck impact, flexible processing rates, and reduced environmental signature.
Stakeholder Influence on Social and Environmental Performance Metrics for Petroleum Companies
Authors: Clare Jay B. , Päster Pablo 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The petroleum industry has increased its overall commitment to improving living standards and enhancing environmental and social conditions while conducting its business. In order to meet its commitment, the industry has recognized the need to measure its combined social and environmental (or sustainability) performance according to a system that ensures quality, completeness and consistency. Despite the means by which an individual company may objectively measure its corporate responsibility, public opinion regarding the social and environmental responsibility of the company (or relative to other companies within the same industry) is not likely to be based on a consistent set of objective metrics and rigorous assessment of actual performance against those metrics (or indicators). This paper presents a brief overview of existing sustainability performance metrics and describes a framework that takes into account stakeholder concerns to measure and compare the combined social and environmental performance of petroleum companies.