bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Periodontal Disease Experience From 26 to 32 Years of Age in a Birth Cohort
Authors: Thomson W. Murray , Broadbent Jonathan M. , Poulton Richie , Beck James D. 
Published: May 2006

Background: Information is lacking on the natural history of periodontitis through the third and fourth decades of life.Methods: Periodontal examinations were conducted at 26 and 32 years of age in a longstanding prospective study of a birth cohort born in Dunedin, New Zealand, in 1972 and 1973. At each age, gingival recession (GR) and probing depth (PD) were recorded at three sites per tooth using a diagonal half‐mouth design (measurements were made in all four quadrants at 32 years of age, but longitudinal comparisons were made using only the half‐mouth data).Results: A total of 882 individuals were examined at both ages. The mean number of measured sites fell between 26 and 32 years of age. The overall prevalence of one or more sites with ≥4 mm combined attachment loss (CAL) rose from 18.6% to 21.8%, whereas there were greater increases in the proportion with two or more sites with ≥4 mm CAL (from 8.0% to 12.6%) and one or more sites with ≥5 mm CAL (from 3.6% to 8.0%). The extent and severity of CAL also increased. A total of 403 individuals (45.7%) had an increase in CAL ≥2 mm at one or more sites, whereas 110 (12.5%) had a CAL increase ≥3 mm at one or more sites. Seen in ∼4% of sites, negative GR (i.e., gingival enlargement) had a substantial effect on PD‐based estimates. An increase in PD ≥2 mm at one or more sites was experienced by 345 individuals (39.1%), whereas 88 people (10.0%) had an increase in PD ≥3 mm at one or more sites. The greatest mean attachment loss was experienced at disto‐lingual sites on molars, and most manifested as PD increases. Notable increases in GR were seen with lower incisors and canines.Conclusions: Periodontal loss of attachment continues among a sizable proportion of people from the third to the fourth decade of life; however, contrary to patterns in older adults, changes in the PD component are greater than the changes in the recession component. Incident attachment loss is most frequently observed at proximal sites on posterior teeth.
Gender-Specific Trends in Educational Attainment and Self-Rated Health, 1972–2002
Authors: Hill Terrence D. , Needham Belinda L. 
Published: May 2006

Objectives. We tested whether self-rated health has improved over time (1972–2002) for women and men. We also considered the degree to which historical gains in educational attainment help to explain any observed trends. Methods. Using 21 years of repeated cross-sectional data from the General Social Survey, we estimated a series of ordered logistic regression models predicting self-rated health. Results. Our results show that women’s health status has steadily improved over the 30-year period under study, and these improvements are largely explained by gains in educational attainment. We also found that the health trend for men is nonlinear, suggesting significant fluctuations in health status over time. Conclusions. Based on the linear health status trend and strong mediation pattern for women, and the nonlinear health status trend for men, women have benefited more than men, in terms of self-rated health, from increased educational attainment.
Characterization of water‐soluble organoarsenic compounds in marine sponges
Authors: Yamaoka Yukiho , Carmona Marvelisa L. , Oclarit Jose M. , Jin Kazuo , Shibata Yasuyuki 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTo provide a better understanding of the arsenic cycle in the marine ecosystem and marine biotechnological viewpoints, the present study is intended to identify arsenic compounds contained in marine sponges. Marine sponges were collected off the coastal waters of Magsaysay Islet within Bohol Sea near Mindanao (Philippines) and in the Seto Inland Sea (Japan) by skin‐diving. Water‐soluble arsenic compounds were extracted with methanol–water (1: 1, v/v) from freeze‐dried samples of 13 marine sponges. The extracts were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP/MS) serving as an arsenic‐specific detector. All marine sponges contained arsenobetaine [(CH3)3As+ CH2COO−], 2,3‐dihydroxypropyl 5‐deoxy‐5‐(dimethylarsinoyl)‐β‐ribofuranoside (arseno‐sugar X), and 3‐glycerophosphoryl‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐[5‐deoxy‐5‐(dimethylarsinoyl)‐β‐ribofuranosyloxy]propane (arseno‐sugar X1), among which arseno‐sugarX1 was most abundant in the Jaspis spp., Suberites spp. and four Japanese sponges. Also, a linear relationship existed between total water‐soluble arsenic and arsenobetaine Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caspase inhibitors reduce severity of cartilage lesions in experimental osteoarthritis
Authors: D'Lima Darryl , Hermida Juan , Hashimoto Sanshiro , Colwell Clifford , Lotz Martin 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the therapeutic efficacy of caspase inhibitors in experimental osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsExperimental OA was induced in rabbits by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Rabbits were treated with intraarticular (IA) injections of caspase inhibitors 3 times per week starting 1 week postoperatively. Animals were killed 9 weeks after ACLT, for macroscopic, histologic, and immunohistochemical assessment of the knee joints.ResultsIA administration of the pan‐caspase inhibitor Z‐VAD‐FMK significantly reduced cartilage degradation, as assessed by macroscopic and microscopic criteria. Untreated knees showed large numbers of chondrocytes with active caspase 3 and the p85 fragment of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP p85) that is generated during apoptosis. The frequency of cells positive for PARP p85 and active caspase 3 was reduced in Z‐VAD‐FMK–treated knees. Inhibitors specific for caspase 3 or caspase 8 showed no significant efficacy. Caspase 1 inhibitor and the combination of caspase 3 and caspase 8 inhibitors reduced OA pathology.ConclusionThese results provide direct support for a role of cell death in OA pathogenesis. Caspase inhibitors reduced the severity of cartilage lesions in experimental OA, suggesting that they may have disease‐modifying activity in human OA.
Primary therapist model for patients referred for rheumatoid arthritis rehabilitation: A cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Li Linda C. , Maetzel Andreas , Davis Aileen M. , Lineker Sydney C. , Bombardier Claire , Coyte Peter C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the incremental cost‐effectiveness (ICE) of services from a primary therapist compared with traditional physical therapists and/or occupational therapists for managing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), from the societal perspective.MethodsPatients with RA were randomly assigned to the primary therapist model (PTM) or traditional treatment model (TTM) for ∼6 weeks of rehabilitation treatment. Health outcomes were expressed in terms of quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), measured with the EuroQol instrument at baseline, 6 weeks, and 6 months. Direct and indirect costs, including visits to health professionals, use of investigative tests, hospital visits, use of medications, purchases of adaptive aids, and productivity losses incurred by patients and their caregivers, were collected monthly.ResultsOf 144 consenting patients, 111 remained in the study after the baseline assessment: 63 PTM (87.3% women, mean age 54.2 years, disease duration 10.6 years) and 48 TTM (79.2% women, mean age 56.8 years, disease duration 13.2 years). From a societal perspective, PTM generated higher QALYs (mean ± SD 0.068 ± 0.22) and resulted in a higher mean cost ($6,848 Canadian, interquartile range [IQR] $1,984–$9,320) compared with TTM (mean ± SD QALY −0.017 ± 0.24; mean costs $6,266, IQR $1,938–$10,194) in 6 months, although differences were not statistically significant. The estimated ICE ratio was $13,700 per QALY gained (95% nonparametric confidence interval −$73,500, $230,000).ConclusionThe PTM has potential to be an alternative to traditional physical/occupational therapy, although it is premature to recommend widespread use of this model in other regions. Further research should focus on strategies to reduce costs of the model and assess the long‐term economic consequences in managing RA and other rheumatologic conditions.
Accelerating the analyses of 3‐way and 4‐way PARAFAC models utilizing multi‐dimensional wavelet compression
Authors: Cramer Jeff , Kim Yoon‐Chang , Vogt Frank , Booksh Karl 
Published: May 2006

AbstractParallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) is one of the most popular methods for evaluating multi‐way data sets, such as those typically acquired by hyphenated measurement techniques. One of the reasons for PARAFAC popularity is the ability to extract directly interpretable chemometric models with little a priori information and the capability to handle unknown interferents and missing values. However, PARAFAC requires long computation times that often prohibit sufficiently fast analyses for applications such as online sensing. An additional challenge faced by PARAFAC users is the handling and storage of very large, high‐dimensional data sets. Accelerating computations and reducing storage requirements in multi‐way analyses are the topics of this manuscript. This study introduces a data pre‐processing method based on multi‐dimensional wavelet transforms (WTs), which enables highly efficient data compression applied prior to data evaluation. Because multi‐dimensional WTs are linear, the intrinsic underlying linear data construction is preserved in the wavelet domain. In almost all studied examples, computation times for analyzing the much smaller, compressed data sets could be reduced so much that the additional effort for wavelet compression was more than recompensated. For 3‐way and 4‐way synthetic and experimental data sets, acceleration factors up to 50 have been achieved; these data sets could be compressed down to a few per cent of the original size. Despite the high compression, accurate and interpretable models were derived, which are in good agreement with conventionally determined PARAFAC models. This study also found that the wavelet type used for compression is an important factor determining acceleration factors, data compression ratios and model quality. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic Energy Transfer in a Multiporphyrin‐Based Molecular Box
Authors: Prodi Anna , Chiorboli Claudio , Scandola Franco , Iengo Elisabetta , Alessio Enzo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe molecular box 1 comprises of two zinc‐porphyrin metallacycles connected by two free‐base 4′‐trans‐dipyridylporphyrins, axially coordinated to the zinc centers. The photophysics of 1 were studied in chloroform by emission and ultrafast absorption spectroscopy. In the molecular box, fast singlet energy transfer (main component, τ=32 ps) is observed to occur from the zinc‐porphyrin metallacycles to the free‐base chromophores. From wavelength‐dependent spectrofluorimetric data, the efficiency of the energy‐transfer (ET) process is estimated as 0.5. The lower‐than‐unity value is tentatively attributed to the possibility of a competing electron‐transfer quenching pathway. Molecular box 1 can be considered to be a simple, self‐assembling, six‐chromophore antenna system. It has an inner cavity, 11.4 Å wide, that could be used, in principle, to host a variety of guest molecules and obtain higher‐order assemblies.
The transition to parenthood: Stress, resources, and gender differences in a Chinese society
Authors: Lu Luo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the parenthood transition in a Chinese cultural context. Three hundred sixty‐four parents (201 females, 163 males) took part in this panel study conducted twice at 6 weeks before and 6 weeks after the birth of their children. Results showed that (a) in cross‐sectional analyses, parenthood stress had consistent negative effects on mental health and marital satisfaction; (b) in prospective analyses, stress still had adverse effects on postnatal mental health or marital satisfaction after controlling for their prenatal baseline levels; (c) social support and marital congruence had beneficial effects on the parenthood adjustment; (d) compared to men, women reported higher stress, more psychological symptoms, lower marital satisfaction than men, but receiving more social support. These results are discussed in relation to existing Western theories and research, as well as the distinct characteristics of the contemporary Chinese society. Possible implications for community interventions are also suggested. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Downstream targets of Nm23‐H1: Gene expression profiling of CAL 27 cells using DNA microarray
Authors: Bosnar Maja Herak , Bago Ružica , Gall‐Trošelj Koraljka , Streichert Thomas , Pavelić Jasminka 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe human nm23‐H1 was discovered as a tumor metastasis suppressor based on its reduced expression in melanoma cell lines with low versus high metastatic potential. It encodes for one of two subunits of the nucleoside‐diphosphate kinase. Besides its role in the maintenance of the cells NTP pool, nm23 plays a key role in different cellular processes. The role of nm23‐H1 in these processes still has to be elucidated. Our goal was to identify Nm23‐H1 downstream targets by subjecting Nm23‐H1 overexpressing CAL 27 cells oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSSC) to microarray analysis. The genes with changed expression patterns could be clustered into several groups: transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway, cell adhesion, invasion and motility, proteasome machinery, cell‐cycle, epithelial structural and related molecules and others. Based on the expression patterns observed we presume that nm23‐H1 might have a role in OSSCs, which should be confirmed by future experiments. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An α‐L‐fucosidase potentially involved in fertilization is present on Drosophila spermatozoa surface
Authors: Intra Jari , Cenni Federica , Perotti Maria‐Elisa 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDrosophila is emerging as a model organism to investigate egg fertilization in insects and the possible conservation of molecular mechanisms of gamete interactions demonstrated in higher organisms. This study shows that the spermatozoa of several species of Drosophila belonging to the melanogaster group have a plasma membrane associated α‐L‐fucosidase with features in common with α‐L‐fucosidases from sperm of other animals, including mammals. The enzyme has been purified and completely characterized in D. ananassae, because of its stability in this species. The sperm α‐L‐fucosidase is an integral protein terminally mannosylated, with the catalytic site oriented toward the extracellular space. It has a Mr of 256 kDa and a multimeric structure made up by subunits of 48 and 55 kDa. Enzyme characterization included kinetic properties, pI, optimal pH, and thermal stability. A soluble form of the enzyme similar to the sperm associated α‐L‐fucosidase is secreted by the seminal vesicles. Synthetic peptides designed from the deduced product of the D. melanogaster gene encoding an α‐L‐fucosidase were used to raise a specific polyclonal antibody. Immunofluorescence labeling of spermatozoa showed that the enzyme is present in the sperm plasma membrane overlying the acrosome and the tail. Lectin cytochemistry analysis of the egg surface indicated that α‐L‐fucose terminal residues are present on the chorion with a strongly polarized localization on the micropyle. The α‐L‐fucosidase of Drosophila sperm plasma membrane appears to be potentially involved in gamete recognition by interacting with its glycoside ligands present on the egg surface at the site of sperm entry. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 1149–1158, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computer simulation of aqueous block copolymer assemblies: Length scales and methods
Authors: Ortiz Vanessa , Nielsen Steven O. , Klein Michael L. , Discher Dennis E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAtomistic, coarse‐grain, and mesoscopic computer simulation methods applied recently to the study of block copolymer assemblies in solution are reviewed. At the atomic level, particle‐based simulations have provided insight into specific interactions such as hydrogen bonding between polymer and water. Coarse‐grain models have given a generalized view of the conformations of polymer chains in solvents of different qualities by grouping clusters of atoms into effective interaction sites. Mesoscopic self‐consistent field theory allows for the study of the phase diagram of block copolymers in water using a mean‐field continuum description. Advances in and results with these methodologies are presented along with present challenges. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1907–1918, 2006
Solution structures of the first and fourth TSR domains of F‐spondin
Authors: Pääkkönen Kimmo , Tossavainen Helena , Permi Perttu , Rakkolainen Harri , Rauvala Heikki , Raulo Erkki , Kilpeläinen Ilkka , Güntert Peter 
Published: May 2006

AbstractF‐spondin is a protein mainly associated with neuronal development. It attaches to the extracellular matrix and acts in the axon guidance of the developing nervous system. F‐spondin consists of eight domains, six of which are TSR domains. The TSR domain family binds a wide range of targets. Here we present the NMR solution structures of TSR1 and TSR4. TSR domains have an unusual fold that is characterized by a long, nonglobular shape, consisting of two β‐strands and one irregular extended strand. Three disulfide bridges and stack of alternating tryptophan and arginine side‐chains stabilize the structure. TSR1 and TSR4 structures are similar to each other and to the previously determined TSR domain X‐ray structures from another protein, TSP, although TSR4 exhibits a mobile loop not seen in other structures. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Special requirements for GLP studies with ‘big’ animals
Authors: Hochheimer Norbert 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe article describes the special requirements for Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) studies with farm animals. Typically, GLP studies are conducted with small laboratory animals such as mice, rats and guinea pigs; GLP studies with big animals are rarely performed. This paper highlights the differences in housing and handling for small and big animals and discusses areas specific to GLP studies with farm animals. While the article draws on observations made and regulations applicable in Germany, the information may be useful for assessing GLP studies with large animals in other countries. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What's New?
Authors: Hattemer‐Apostel Rita 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe What's New? section in the Quality Assurance Journal aims to draw attention to items of importance to QA professionals. There is usually a 3‐month interval between final submission of manuscripts and distribution of the journal. For this issue, the entries in the What's New? section arise from the period of 1 December 2005 to 28 February 2006. If you feel that there is any other new information that should be brought to the attention of readers, please let us know by e‐mailing rha@verdandi.ch. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of Herzberg–Teller Franck–Condon approaches and classical simulations to include effects due to vibronic coupling in circular dichroism spectra: The case of dimethyloxirane continued
Authors: Nooijen Marcel 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA recent study has shown that the inclusion of vibrational effects may be vital in first‐principles simulations of circular dichroism (CD) spectra. In the present work, we show that effects from vibronic coupling or, alternatively, Herzberg–Teller corrections, can have additional and perhaps unusually strong effects, due to delicate cancellations between positive and negative contributions in a CD spectrum. As full vibronic coupling simulations tend to be too demanding computationally for the sizeable molecules considered in CD spectroscopy, it is pertinent to investigate suitable approximations. In the first part of this study, we examine various Herzberg–Teller Franck–Condon (HT–FC) approaches that include the geometrical dependence of the rotatory strength for a 3 × 3 linear vibronic model, for which exact numerical results are easily obtained. Somewhat disappointingly, none of the HT–FC approaches investigated here yielded sufficiently satisfactory results. In a subsequent part of this study, we show that purely classical simulations, based on a vibronic model, can provide reliable spectra and appear to be well suited to address the dependence of the rotatory strength on nuclear geometry. From the classical simulations we extract average rotatory strengths for each electronic state, which are then used in subsequent gradient FC calculations to incorporate vibrational fine structure in the CD spectrum. This mixed classical/gradient FC approach is applied to the methyloxirane CD spectrum, using the statistical averaging of (model) orbital potentials–time‐dependent density functional theory (SAOP–TDDFT) vibronic model presented recently and is shown to improve substantially on the original simulation, corroborating the potential importance of vibronic coupling effects in simulations of CD spectra. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Double staining of proteins after separation in SDS gels with Ruthenium Bathophenantroline Disulfonate and Silver is compatible with MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry
Authors: Hampel Martin , Sehnert Bettina , Karas Michael , Jäck Hans‐Martin , Mielenz Dirk 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSensitive peptide mass spectrometry techniques are increasingly used to identify molecular components of intracellular signaling networks. The detection of low abundant, electrophoretically separated proteins requires sensitive SDS gel protein stains, such as silver or fluorescent Ruthenium dyes. Both silver or Ruthenium based fluorescent dyes such as Ruthenium II Tris bathophenanthroline disulfonate (RuBPS) have unique advantages and disadvantages: some proteins stain better with silver whereas others stain better with Ruthenium dyes. Here, we demonstrate that RuBPS‐stained stained proteins after separation in SDS gels can be re‐stained with silver and that proteins from double‐stained gels can still be subjected to MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry without adverse effects. Thus, our new double‐staining technique not only produces a permanent record of RuBPS‐stained gels, but more importantly, offers also an optimal staining procedure for electrophoretically separated proteins.
A performance analysis of a four‐leg inverter in two AC motor drives with independent vector control
Authors: Oka Kazuo , Matsuse Kouki 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a performance analysis of a four‐leg inverter (FLI) in driving two motors with vector control.We show that an expanded two‐arm modulation (ETAM) known as a modulation method of a five‐leg inverter is applicable for the four‐leg inverter and we theoretically analyze a performance analysis of the four‐leg inverter in driving two motors with vector control. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.