bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Macrophage Polarization in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: AlMoshary May 
Published: February 2025

Background & objectives:
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is reported as the most neglected tropical disease. The polarization of macrophages such as M1 or M2 phenotypes significantly affects the development of leishmaniasis disease. However, the accurate immune responses behind the macrophage polarization process in cutaneous Leishmaniasis are poorly understood. This study was designed to determine the status of macrophage polarization in cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

Methods:
This case-control study was conducted at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia, from January to December 2023. Patients aged 18 to 65 yrs diagnosed with cutaneous Leishmaniasis were included. Patients with other immunocompromising conditions (e.g., HIV infection), those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, or those with systemic Leishmaniasis were excluded.

Results:
In a sample of 70 cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, macrophage polarization profiles were assessed in 43 (61.42%) patients in the case group and 27 (38.57%) in the control group. The experimental group had a higher prevalence of mild iNOS expression (24/43), while the control group had more iNOS-negative subjects (11/27). Arg-1 expression analysis showed a higher adverse and mild expression incidence in both groups, with 26/43 and 16/43 cases, respectively. Ml macrophage polarization was significantly higher in patients with lesions <4 (65.11%) compared to M2 polarization (11.62%). Lesions lasting <12 months also showed greater M1 polarization (51.61%) compared to M2 (30.23%), with statistical significance (p < 0.001). Additionally, ulcerated lesions were more common in the M1 group (37.20%) than in the M2 group (16.27%) (p < 0.001).

Interpretation & conclusion:
The findings reported that M1 macrophages are more prevalent in CL's early and acute stages, while M2 macrophages may be more active in the long-term or healing phases. There were also notable changes in macrophage polarization among the experimental and control groups.
Effect of Attention on Negative Information, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Social Support on Cyberchondria: A Moderated Mediation Analysis
Authors: Xu Richard Huan 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
This study developed a moderate mediation model to investigate the associations among attention to negative information, lifestyle behavior, social support, and cyberchondria (CYB).

Methods:
A cross-sectional and web-based survey was conducted in May 2024, with participants recruited from the online panel of a survey company. Questionnaires assessing CYB severity, attention to negative information, health behavior, and social support were administered to participants (n = 1821; mean age = 33.2 ± 8.0 years; 48.7% of women). Structural equation modeling analysis using the maximum likelihood estimation method was used to assess the hypothesized model. Standardized (β) estimates, along with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated for all structural paths.

Results:
Mediation analysis showed that the direct effect of attention to negative information on CYB levels was significant (β = 0.280, 95% CI: 0.242, 0.318). The indirect effect of attention to negative information on CYB, mediated by good lifestyle behavior, was also significant (β = −0.047, 95% CI: −0.061, −0.032). Social support demonstrated a significantly moderating effect with attention to negative information on lifestyle behavior (β =0.043, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.085).

Conclusion:
This study provides empirical evidence that focusing on negative health information significantly affects CYB. This focus can reinforce fears and concerns about illness through the Internet, leading to excessive worry and reassurance-seeking behaviors. Healthcare providers should prioritize interventions that promote healthy behaviors to reduce CYB.
Prevalence of Audiovisual, Mental, and Locomotor Disabilities among the Followers of Different Religions in India
Authors: Khalid Amna , Karim Asima , Ahmad Firdos , Qaisar Rizwan , Hussain M. Azhar 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Physical and mental disabilities are common among the elderly which affects their quality of life. This study aims to investigate the associations of disabilities with religion and gender in cohorts of India.

Methods:
We used the 2019–2021 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of India to investigate the prevalence of age-associated auditory, visual, mental, and locomotor disabilities among Hindus, Muslims, and Christians in the context of age, gender, and standard socioeconomic and demographic variables in India (age ≥60 years, n = 305,754).

Results:
We found a disability discordance with a slightly higher prevalence of visual and hearing disabilities among Christian men (visual = 424/100000; hearing = 596/100,000) than Christian women (visual = 226/100,000; hearing = 352/100,000) and followers of other religions. Conversely, mental and locomotor disabilities were not influenced by religion. We also found that locomotor disabilities were more common (623/100,000), and mental disabilities (103/100,000) were least common irrespective of religion.

Conclusion:
We conclude that there were no differences in the prevalence of the four disabilities between Hindus and Muslims, however, Christians more often suffer from different disability domains than Hindus and Muslims (except for mental difficulty). This calls for a more detailed exploration of reasons for higher preponderance in this religious group. Men were more likely to have visual, hearing, or locomotor disabilities than women among different religious communities. These findings may help design gender-specific public policies for the disabled population across India and may also help in investigating the cause of this gender gap.
Exploring Sociodemographic Determinants: An Investigation into Sexual Behavior among Adolescents in Indonesia
Authors: Ashari Ayu , Widjanarko Bagoes , Shaluhiyah Zahroh , Margawati Ani 
Published: February 2025

Background:
The growing incidence of sexual behaviors among adolescents is an emerging issue of significant concern. The engagement of adolescents in high sexual behavior can lead to significant and enduring health consequences, including the contraction of sexually transmitted infections, HIV/AIDS, and unwanted pregnancies. The primary objective of this study is to ascertain the sociodemographic characteristics that can predict sexual behavior among adolescents in Indonesia.

Methods:
The present investigation is a study conducted at the population level, utilizing the dataset from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. A complex samples logistic regression analysis was conducted on a sample of 7860 male and female adolescents. The analysis was conducted utilizing IBM SPSS Statistics, with a predetermined level of statistical significance set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
As many as 11.6% of teenagers aged 15–19 years have had sexual relations, while 40.7% of teenagers aged 20–24 years have had sexual relations. Sociodemographic factors that are positively related to adolescents sexual behavior were: being male, educational status is no education, employed, had a boyfriend/girlfriend, smoking, drinking alcohol, and using drugs. Sociodemographic factors that are positively related to young adults sexual behavior were: educational status is no education, had a boyfriend/girlfriend, smoking, drinking alcohol, and using drugs.

Conclusion:
This research offers a comprehensive analysis of the factors that contribute to sexual behavior among teenagers in Indonesia. Age, education, employed, boyfriend or girlfriends, and adolescent risk behavior contribute to adolescent sexual behavior.
EL RETRASO DE LOS PLAZOS PROCESALES EN MATERIA PENAL EN EL MINISTERIO PÚBLICO DEL PERÚ
Authors: Mestas Ponce José Jaime , Banda Montenegro Yovany Asunción 
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo pretende identificar las soluciones que se vienen dando en los hechos, actualmente, frente a la sobrecarga procesal del Ministerio Público. Esta institución es esencial en la reforma procesal penal que aún se viene impulsando en América Latina. Y los retos que está afrontando durante los últimos años, en dicha labor, resultan definitorios para el logro de una mejor justicia y con absoluto respeto a las garantías propias del Estado democrático de derecho. Los métodos empleados fueron el dogmático y el histórico, el nivel de investigación fue descriptivo, explicativo e histórico, y un enfoque cualitativo. Las principales conclusiones fueron: a) la sobrecarga procesal de los despachos fiscales no es encarada debidamente a nivel nacional; b) existen reglas precisas sobre la forma, los protocolos y obligaciones del nuevo despacho fiscal; c) propiciar resoluciones fiscales mínimas, concisas, tanto en Requerimientos, Providencias como Disposiciones, con formatos precisos, que expongan solo lo suficiente; d) ejecutar políticas de racionalización del personal fiscal a nivel nacional, para atender la descarga de la sobrecarga fiscal; y e) implementar nuevos métodos ágiles de Informática que ayuden a desechar la cultura del papel aún arraigada profundamente en el modelo procesal penal actual.
Nulidad de actuaciones procesales por una defensa privada no técnica
Authors: Flores Cantos Diego Sebastián , Pozo Cabrera Enrique Eugenio 
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo analiza la vulneración del derecho a una defensa técnica adecuada en el proceso penal ecuatoriano, tomando para aquello la consideración de cómo dicha defensa ineficaz tiene un impacto en el debido proceso y la nulidad procesal. El objetivo general planteado para la investigación descrita consiste en analizar cómo la ineficiencia de la defensa técnica en el proceso penal ecuatoriano llega a afectar los derechos fundamentales del procesado y sugiere que, en estos casos, debe declararse la nulidad del proceso. La investigación utilizó una metodología cualitativa, apoyándose en literatura especializada, doctrinas jurídicas y jurisprudencia relevante como fuentes de investigación que permitan llegar a la verdad del conocimiento. Por su parte, los métodos inductivo-deductivo y analítico-sintético permitieron una aproximación integral al caso Nro. 2195-19-EP/21 de la Corte Constitucional, mientras que los métodos dogmático y exegético-jurídico facilitaron el análisis normativo y doctrinal mediante una triangulación de información presentada que fue plasmada en la discusión del trabajo para cumplir con el objetivo central. Por último, los resultados destacan que la ausencia de una defensa técnica eficaz no solo perjudica al procesado, sino también al sistema judicial ya que se ven comprometidas las garantías mínimas que irradian a todo el proceso penal dentro del Estado ecuatoriano. Por estos motivos, el trabajo termina por concluir que, para garantizar los derechos procesales dentro de la causa jurisdiccional penal, debe declararse la nulidad de los procesos donde se evidencie una defensa técnica deficiente, respaldando esta medida en la doctrina, normativa (CRE y COIP) y jurisprudencia ecuatoriana.
К вопросу о восстановлении Петропавловского викариатства и преобразование его в самостоятельную кафедру (1956–1958 гг.)
Authors: Березин М.А. 
Published: February 2025

В статье рассматривается малоизученный вопрос возобновления Петропавловского викариатства и преобразования его в самостоятельную епархию в 50‑х гг. XX в. Автор приходит к выводу, что основным инициатором епархиальных преобразований являлся святейший патриарх Московский и всея Руси Алексий I (Симанский). Произошедшие канонические изменения являлись частью плана Предстоятеля по разукрупнению обширной Казахстанской епархии. В статье анализируются взаимоотношения управляющего епархией епископа Иосифа (Чернова) с уполномоченным Совета по делам Русской Православной Церкви по Казахской ССР С. Р. Вохмениным. На материалах личной переписки этих лиц показывается характер церковно-государственных связей в самом начале «хрущевских» гонений на Церковь. Попутно раскрывается отношение епископа Иосифа к некоторым современным ему церковным иерархам. На основании ранее не опубликованных архивных источников показываются финансовые, кадровые и организационные трудности с которыми столкнулась вновь учрежденная церковно-каноническая единица и способы их преодоления. Показывается, что, несмотря на ряд трудностей объективного и личного характера, к 1958 г. удалось обеспечить штатную работу органов епархиального управления.
The article examines the little-studied issue of the renewal of the Peter and Paul vicariate and its transformation into an independent diocese in the 50s XX century. The author concludes that the main initiator of the diocesan transformations was His Holiness Patriarch Alexy I of Moscow and All Russia (Simansky). The canonical changes that took place were part of the Primate’s plan to unbundle the vast Kazakh diocese. The article analyzes the relationship between Bishop Joseph (Chernov), the administrator of the diocese, and S. R. Vokhmenin, the commissioner of the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Kazakh SSR. The personal correspondence of these individuals shows the nature of church-state relations at the very beginning of the “Khrushchev” persecution of the Church. Along the way, Bishop Joseph’s attitude towards some of his contemporary church hierarchs is revealed. Based on previously unpublished archival sources, the financial, personnel and organizational difficulties faced by the newly established church canonical unit and ways to overcome them are shown. It is shown that despite a number of difficulties of an objective and personal nature, by 1958 it was possible to ensure the regular work of the diocesan administration bodies.
Optimalisasi Sistem Manajemen E-Commerce untuk Meningkatkan Daya Saing Perhotelan di Era Industri 4.0
Authors: Elaza Fajar Rhenzy , Taftazani Hanif Sayyid , Ollivia Jogita , Warsan Warsan 
Published: February 2025

Kembali maraknya sektor pariwisata terutama industri perhotelan serta menghadapi tantangan dan peluang baru yang disebabkan oleh kemajuan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi Era Industri 4.0, menjadi latar belakang penelitian yang melihat bahwa dengan kemajuan era teknologi saat ini sudah seharusnya daya saing terutama di industri perhotelan dapat meningkatkan daya saing yang tentunya semakin ketat. Optimalisasi sistem manajemen e-commerce menjadi kunci untuk meningkatkan daya saing industri perhotelan. Penelitian dalam jurnal ini akan dibahas bagaimana penerapan strategi e-commerce yang efektif dapat meningkatkan pengalaman pelanggan, efisiensi operasional, serta profitabilitas hotel. Berikut adalah versi yang lebih edukatif dan formal untuk digunakan dalam abstrak jurnal. Dengan merujuk pada data dan statistik terkini serta studi kasus dari berbagai hotel yang telah berhasil mengimplementasikan sistem e-commerce, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pentingnya inovasi digital dalam industri perhotelan. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana penerapan teknologi e-commerce yang efektif dapat mendukung strategi bisnis, meningkatkan pengalaman pelanggan, serta memperkuat daya saing perusahaan di pasar global. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hotel yang secara optimal mengadopsi solusi e-commerce tidak hanya mampu meningkatkan tingkat kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan, tetapi juga memperluas pangsa pasar melalui peningkatan efisiensi operasional dan akses yang lebih luas ke segmen pasar potensial. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa transformasi digital merupakan faktor kunci dalam menciptakan nilai tambah yang berkelanjutan dalam industri perhotelan yang semakin dinamis dan kompetitif.
АЛАШ ЗИЯЛЫЛАРЫ ҰСТАНҒАН ҰЛТТЫҚ ИДЕЯ –ТӘУЕЛСІЗ ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ АЛҒАШҚЫ ТҰЖЫРЫМДАМАЛЫҚИДЕОЛОГЕМАСЫ
Authors: Шайменов Б 
Published: February 2025

This article is devoted to the analysis of the connection of theNational state Idea, which was adhered to by the Alash intelligentsia, with thecurrent ideological direction of Kazakhstan. The topic has not yet lost its relevance, although it has been taken as the object of several studies. Today'sdevelopment strategies of the Republic of Kazakhstan require a reminder of theidea of Alashorda, formed by the government at the beginning of the XX century.The work highlights the activities of representatives of the Alash movement inthe formation of national statehood and the role in the modernization of nationalideology. An expert examination of the idea of creating a democratic state on theexample of Japan was carried out. The research is based on the research ofhistorians and politicians about the Alash intelligentsia.
Pengaruh Empowerment dan Transformational Leadership terhadap Employee Engagement dengan Employee Motivation sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Sihotang Helena , Silalahi Evelin Roma Riauli , Siagian Mei Veronika Sri Endang 
Published: February 2025

Latar belakang: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh Empowerment dan Transformational Leadership terhadap Employee Engagement dengan Employee Motivation sebagai Variabel Intervening.
Metode penelitian: Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan di Medan yang bekerja di perusahaan e-commerce. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan menetapkan 100 responden. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah SmartPLS 4.0, dengan melakukan pengujian model pengukuran (Outer Model) sekaligus pengujian Model Struktural (Inner Model).
Hasil penelitian: Berdasarkan hasil uji validitas, semua nilai indikator original sample berada > 0,7 yang berarti bahwa semua indikator variabel yang digunakan peneliti dinyatakan sudah valid. Sementara semua pernyataan dari setiap variabel dinyatakan reliabel dan valid karena setiap variabel memiliki nilai Cronbach’s alpha > 0,7, Composite reliability > 0,7 dan Average Variance Extracted (AVE) > 0,5. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa empowerment tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap Employee Engagement. empowerment memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Employee Motivation. Employee Motivation memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Employee Engagement. Tranformational Leadership memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Employee Engagement. Tranformational Leadership memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Employee Motivation. Employee Motivation tidak memediasi antara varaibel empowerment dengan Employee Engagement. Employee Motivation tidak memediasi pengaruh Transformational Leadership terhadap Employee Engagement.
Kesimpulan:
Empowerment tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap Employee Engagement. empowerment memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Employee Motivation. Employee Motivation memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Employee Engagement. Tranformational Leadership memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Employee Engagement. Tranformational Leadership memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Employee Motivation. Employee Motivation tidak memediasi antara varaibel empowerment dengan Employee Engagement. Employee Motivation tidak memediasi pengaruh Transformational Leadership terhadap Employee Engagement.

Kata kunci: Empowerment., Employee Engagement., Employee Motivation., Transformational Leadership.,Variabel Intervening.
Ethanol extract from Ziziphus nummularia stem inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation through TP53 regulating kinase (TP53RK)-mediated p53 activation: In silico and genes expression investigations
Authors: Elya Berna , Rosmalena Rosmalena , Fajrin Ajeng M. , Tedjo Aryo , Ramadanti Nur A. , Azizah Norma N. , Hashim Najihah BM. 
Published: February 2025

The p53 signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, and senescence, making it a key target in cancer research. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an ethanol extract from the stem of Ziziphus nummularia on the proliferation and expression of genes involved in the p53 pathway in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. To achieve this, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of downstream genes linked to cell cycle and senescence, including CycE or CCNE1, RBL1, and E2F1. Molecular docking simulations using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) were also performed to assess the potential inhibitory activity of metabolite compounds from Z. nummularia stem against p53-regulating kinase (TP53RK). The results showed that the IC50 value of Z. nummularia stem ethanol extract against MCF-7 cells was 38.27±0.72 µg/mL. The results also revealed a reduction in the expression of downstream genes linked to cell senescence and the cell cycle: CycE or CCNE1 (p=0.011), RBL1 (p=0.008), and E2F1 (p=0.005), which was observed through RT-qPCR analysis of mRNA expression. This fact indicated that the inhibitory effects on proliferation by the ethanol extract of Z. nummularia stem might occur via pathways associated with cell senescence and cell cycle arrest. Molecular docking results of metabolite compounds from Z. nummularia stem suggested that squalene (Rerank score -112.70 kJ/mol), and nummularine B (Rerank score -110.68 kJ/mol) had potential as TP53RK inhibitors. These Rerank scores were smaller compared to the Rerank score of adenyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), which was the native ligand of TP53RK, as confirmed by molecular dynamics analysis. These in silico results were confirmed by the decrease in p21 (CDKN1A) mRNA expression. In conclusion, the anti-proliferative effects of the ethanol extract from Z. nummularia stem on breast cancer cells occurred by affecting cell cycle-related genes and inhibiting apoptosis protection mediated by overexpression of p21 (CDKN1A) through p53 activity.
Early Clinical Findings for Predicting a Bacterially Caused Sinusitis
Authors: Speizman Samuel , Merenstein Daniel 
Published: February 2025

Introduction Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is a common condition, most commonly due to a viral infection, yet it is a leading cause of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions. The overprescription is due to a lack of clinical markers or point-of-care tests that help the clinician differentiate between viral vs bacterial sinusitis. Methods Baseline data were used from a pilot, randomized, placebo-controlled trial that was conducted from November 2023 to March 2024. Baseline data included subgroups containing C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, the presence of purulent nasal discharge, and physician gestalt for 140 participants presenting with symptoms of ARS. The percentage of participants with prolonged and resolved ARS symptoms in each subgroup was measured. Additionally, the relationship between the number of positive subgroups assigned and the percentage with prolonged ARS symptoms was examined. Results In the positive CRP, clinician gestalt, and purulent nasal discharge subgroups, 83.3%, 81.1%, and 85.3% of participants, respectively, had prolonged ARS. In the negative CRP, clinician gestalt, and purulent nasal discharge subgroups, 72.4%, 58.3%, and 62.9 % of participants, respectively, had prolonged ARS. There was a positive association between the number of positive subgroups a participant was part of vs the percentage of participants with prolonged ARS. Conclusions Data from this analysis suggest that having an elevated C-reactive protein level, the presence of purulent nasal discharge, and a high or intermediate physician impression of a bacterial infection at baseline are associated with bacterially caused sinusitis. The next step will be to evaluate in the full study whether these subgroups of patients benefit from antibiotics.