bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of real-world data in evaluating the safety of biosimilars: a descriptive study of clinical practice in an oncohematological population.
Authors: Urru Silvana Anna Maria , Mayer Flavia , Alegiani Stefania Spila , Paoloni Francesca , Guella Anna , Murru Roberta , Bucaneve Giampaolo , Formoso Giulio , Racanelli Vito , Ferrarini Isacco , Fozza Claudio , longo Giuseppe , Musicco Felice , Campomori Annalisa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Safety concerns are often raised when switching from reference to biosimilar products and between different biosimilars.
Objective
The objective of this multicenter observational study is to provide an objective and representative Italian-level picture of RTX use in individuals with oncohematologic diseases during the period 2018-2022.
Results
505 patients naïve to RTX treatment with NHL (n=453), CLL (n=33) or one of the diseases included in the list of Law 648/96 (n=19) were analyzed. Patients, 42% women, had a median age at baseline of 66.8 years (IQR 57.5-73.9 years); median follow-up of patients was 311 days (IQR 217-461 days).
During the study period, patients received 3,681 infusions of RTX; the median number of infusions per patient was 7.3 (standard deviations 3.8).
The majority of patients started therapy with the biosimilars Tru (n=298) and Rix (n=139), followed by the originator Mabiv (n=64). Seventy-eight percent (n=392) of patients did not switch during the study period, 98% of whom continued treatment with the same biosimilar (n=257) with Tru and n=130 with Rix). Those who did switch were 22% (n=113), most of whom switched from intravenous RTX to Mabsc (n=75, 67%).
Conclusions
This study describes the use of RTX in real clinical practice of Italian oncohematology centers. The results show that patients with switch are the minority (22%), while most remain on treatment with Rix and Tru biosimilars. Our shared approach has increased clinicians and patients confidence in biosimilars with respect to efficacy and safety, generating at the same time significant cost savings.
A Model for Building English Training Corpora from Scanned Documentation
Authors: Vaddadi Vasudha rani , Gembali Sushmitha , Rout Ajit Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Related to various fields like Academia, Government Organizations, Hospitals, and Mythology, where a lot of information is available in hard copies. These documents need to get digitized to text, to make the hard copies data more accessible and maintainable. To create a paperless environment Automatic handwritten text recognition system plays a major role which is possible through digitizing and processing handwritten copies. The proposed Automatic text recognition system works on image input to generate digital output. To develop Automatic handwritten text recognition system various domains like machine learning with computer vision and deep learning techniques are required to create abstract models for recognizing letters and words initially. The proposed model uses sequence to sequence architecture to generate the sequential output of digitized lines of text. The proposed model uses Conventional Neural Network model to perform feature extraction from the handwritten image. The extracted features are modeled with a sequence-to-sequence methodology and submit to ResNet-Transformer for encoding and decoding from the Input Image of visual features and the sequence of letters. The proposed model uses synthetic data augmentation for image preprocessing. The IAM dataset which contains a large amount of data will be used for the implementation of proposed model.
Cost of Cardiovascular Disease Events in Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes and Factors Influencing Cost: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Puteh Sharifa Wan , Kamarudin Noor ‘Adilah , Hussein Zanariah , Adam Noorlita , Shahari Mohd Ridzwan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are non-communicable diseases that impose a significant economic burden on healthcare systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hospital treatment cost for cardiovascular disease events (CVDEs) in patients with and without diabetes and identify factors influencing cost.
Method:We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study using administrative data from three public tertiary hospitals in Malaysia. Data for hospital admissions between 1 March 2019 and 1 March 2020 with International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes for acute myocardial infarction (MI), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), hypertensive heart disease, stroke, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) were retrieved from the Malaysian Disease Related Group (Malaysian DRG) Casemix System. Patients were stratified by T2DM status for analyses. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing treatment costs.
Results: Of the 1,183 patients in our study cohort, approximately 60.4% had type 2 diabetes. The most common CVDE was acute MI (25.6%), followed by IHD (25.3%), hypertensive heart disease (18.9%), stroke (12.9%), heart failure (9.4%), cardiomyopathy (5.7%) and PVD (2.1%). Nearly two-thirds (62.4%) of the patients had at least one cardiovascular risk factor, with hypertension being the most prevalent (60.4%). The treatment cost for all CVDEs was RM 4.8 million and RM 3.7 million in the T2DM and non-T2DM group, respectively. IHD incurred the largest cost in both groups, constituting 30.0% and 50.0% of the total CVDE treatment cost for patients with and without TD2DM, respectively. Predictors of high treatment cost included male gender, minority ethnicity, IHD diagnosis and severity level.
Conclusion: This study provides real-world cost estimates for CVDE hospitalisation and quantifies the combined burden of two major non-communicable disease categories at the public health provider level. Our results confirm that CVDs are associated with substantial health utilisation in both T2DM and non-T2DM patients.
Smell detection of whole fruit in a natural environment using an electronic nose (e-nose)
Authors: Lawal Olarewaju Mubashiru 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The smell of fruit is a dynamic concept that changes and is used to determine the type and quality of fruit. However, the detection of fruit smells using an electronic nose (e-nose) faces numerous obstacles, as fruit samples are often destroyed, isolated in a reaction chamber, and not often exposed to their natural environments, making it unpracticable for storage and a real-life scenario. With special attention to natural indoor and outdoor conditions for day and night, polyethylene (PE) bag packaging, and packed and unpacked fruit samples recorded in the office and home, a robust smell dataset of whole fruit forms of apples, bananas, mangoes, oranges and pears was developed using an e-nose smell inspector. The preprocessed smell dataset contains 7 classes of smell with 11 different conditions each, 47 features, including temperature and humidity, and 3555 samples, for a total of 234630 observations. The Pearson correlation analysis between features and temperature and humidity as influencers of smell shows that ch36 is the most indicative feature for the emitted smell of fruit. The experimented results of classifier algorithms on the fruit smell dataset demonstrated that Random Forest (RF) is best suited for fruit smell detection for having the highest accuracy of 0.99 compared to Decision Tree (DT) at 0.95, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) at 0.93, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) at 0.93, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) at 0.31, Logistic Regression (LR) at 0.29, Support Vector Machines (SVM) at 0.23, and Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB) at 0.14. Available online at https://github.com/larrywal-express/fruit-smell-analysis
A Grounded Theory-Based Model of Information Communication in Cultural Heritage Digital Reading on the Social Media from the Perspective of the Embodied Theory
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Xu Chenyu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

New media technologies have opened up new possibilities for the communication of cultural heritage, and digital reading aligns with the participatory shift in museums, becoming an indispensable part of information communication. Currently, there exists a certain contradiction between the specialized, non-linear, and immersive narrative style of cultural heritage content and the need to find a balance between content and form. This article introduces the theory of embodied cognition, combines the characteristics of cultural heritage information content, and systematically explores the impact of embodied factors on audience reading behavior using semi-structured interviews and grounded theory. The research reveals that embodied cognition, situational cognition, and interactive cognition have a significant impact on the digital reading information communication of cultural heritage on social media. This includes six factors: platform user experience, sensory experience, interactive experience, social experience, scene simulation, and emotional elevation.
Comparative analysis of del Nido cardioplegia versus blood cardioplegia in isolate coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Lee Soojin , Jung Joon Chul , Chang Hyoung Woo , Lee Jae Hang , Kim Dong Jung , Kim Jun Sung , Lim Cheong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: This study examined the efficacy of del Nido cardioplegia compared with traditional blood cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery for isolated coronary artery bypass grafting by evaluating the early postoperative outcomes.
Methods: A total of 119 patients who underwent isolated conventional coronary artery bypass grafting were enrolled and divided into two groups (del Nido cardioplegia group [n=36] and blood cardioplegia group [n=50]) based on the type of cardioplegia used. This study compared the preoperative characteristics, intraoperative data, and early postoperative outcomes. Further subgroup analyses were conducted for high-risk patient groups.
Results: The 30-day mortality and morbidity rates were not significantly different between groups. The del Nido cardioplegia group exhibited advantageous myocardial protection outcomes, demonstrated by a significantly smaller rise in Troponin I levels post-surgery (2.8 [-0.4; 4.2] vs 4.5 [2.9; 7.4] ng/mL, p = 0.004) and fewer defibrillation attempts during weaning off of cardiopulmonary bypass (0.0 ± 0.2 vs 0.4 ± 1.1 times, p = 0.011) when compared to the blood cardioplegia group. Additionally, the del Nido group achieved a reduction in surgery duration, as evidenced by the reduced aortic cross-clamping time (64.0 [55.5; 75.5] vs. 77.5 [65.0; 91.0] min, p = 0.001) and total operative time (287.5 [270.0; 305.0] vs. 315.0 [285.0; 365.0] min, p = 0.008). Subgroup analyses consistently demonstrated that the del Nido cardioplegia group had a significantly smaller postoperative increase in Troponin I levels across all subgroups (p<0.05).
Conclusions: del Nido cardioplegia provided myocardial protection and favorable early postoperative outcomes comparable to blood cardioplegia, making it a viable option for conventional coronary artery bypass grafting.
Hematoma Expansion in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Who are the super-expanders?
Authors: Koch Sebastian , Shammassian Berje H , Merenda Amedeo , Zhou Lili , Sur Nicole B. , Gordon-Perue Gilian , Alkhachroum Ayham 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a predictor of poor outcome and remains an important therapeutic target. Little is known about the incidence and clinical characteristics of patients with severe hematoma expansion, who we hereafter label as super-expanders.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed baseline clinical and radiological features in consecutive ICH patients admitted over a three-year period to a comprehensive stroke center. Hematoma expansion was defined conventionally as a > 33% increase in hematoma volume or a > 6ml increase in absolute hematoma volume between the baseline and 24h follow brain CT. Severe hematoma expansion was defined as a > 50% increase in ICH volume associated with a decrease in the Glasgow Coma Scale of at least four points. We used Random Forest (RF) to generate importance plots searching for the determinants of super-expanders in ICH. In addition, a multivariable logistic regression model was done to examine independent factors associated with super-expanders.
Results
We analyzed 417 cases. Hematoma expansion, defined conventionally, occurred in 97/417 (23%) patients of which 15/417 (4%) were super-expanders. In the univariate analysis, super-expanders were more likely to have a lobar hemorrhage, a spot sign and had increased in-hospital mortality. Using the Random Forrest analysis, age, platelet count and presence of a spot-sign emerged as important determinants of super-expansion. In a multivariable model, only spot sign was an independent predictor for super expansion [Age (OR = 1.43, CI = 0.61, 3.37), spot sign (OR = 6.25, CI = 2.30–17.00), lobar location (OR = 4.63, CI = 0.92–23.42)].
Conclusion
We describe a low incidence of 4% of severe hematoma expansion in ICH. Age, platelets count, and the spot sign were important determinants of the super-expanders. We encourage further investigations into the early identification of super-expanders who arguably have the most to benefit from aggressive interventions.
Perioperative albumin drop is a marker for surgical stress and correlate with clinical outcomes in the elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures
Authors: Wang Yingqiu , Liu Weiwei , Li Bo , Wei Xuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
This single-center retrospective study investigated the correlation between the drop of perioperative albumin and clinical outcomes in the elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures (FNF).
Methods
We investigated 278 patients 65 years of age or older who had undergone hip arthroplasty with FNF between January 2021 and March 2023. Albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and hemoglobin were monitored on preoperation, postoperative day-0, day-1 and day-7. The decrease of perioperative albumin (ΔAlb) was calculated by subtracting the value on day-0 from preoperation. Then patients were divided into two groups based on the ΔAlb values, with ΔAlb < 0.5 g/dL and ΔAlb ≥ 0.5 g/dL in group 1 and group 2, respectively.
Results
The albumin declined 0.8 g/dL from preoperation to day-1 and slowly increased by 0.3 g/dL from day-1 to day-7. The patients in group 2 had longer duration of surgery (75 minutes vs 65 minutes, P = 0.028), more intraoperative blood loss (246.7 ± 78.4 mL vs 201.5 ± 59.8 mL, P = 0.031) and changes of CRP (75.2 ± 48.1 mg/L vs 54.9 ± 44.9 mg/L, P = 0.003) comparing with the patients in group 1. Patients in group 2 had higher prevalences of postoperative complications (hypoalbuminemia: 94% vs 15%, moderate-severe anaemia: 60% vs 40%, P < 0.05) and longer postoperative length of stay (14 days vs 13 days, P = 0.045). The ΔAlb value was correlated with the duration of surgery (r= 0.3, P < 0.001), intraoperative blood loss (r = 0.2, P< 0.001), ΔCRP (r = 0.4, P < 0.001) and postoperative LOS (r= 0.2, P = 0.003).
Conclusions
The levels of albumin decreased significantly after surgery, while the CRP increased. Further, the perioperative albumin drop was a marker for surgical stress and correlated with adverse clinical outcomes.
Food macroalgae: scoping review of aspects related to research and consumption
Authors: Silva Lara Juliane Guedes da , Souza Alice Medeiros , Lopes Priscila F. M. , Jacob Michelle Cristine Medeiros 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The escalating concern over food insecurity, micronutrient deficiencies, and the environmental impacts associated with current dietary practices has intensified research into sustainable food alternatives. This study, through a comprehensive scoping review, assessed the potential of macroalgae as a component of sustainable diets, examining its nutritional profile, contaminant levels, and the socio-economic and psychological factors influencing its consumption. Utilizing three major electronic databases—Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, and Scopus—we reviewed original articles in English, Spanish, or Portuguese without time restrictions and supplemented these with grey literature. After thorough screening and exclusion, 32 out of 473 articles were deemed suitable for inclusion. Our findings highlight 40 unique species of edible macroalgae, underscoring their potential to enhance human diets with crucial nutrients such as proteins, vitamin B12, and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Despite the nutritional promise of macroalgae, concerns regarding the bioavailability of these nutrients and the health risks posed by contaminants like heavy metals must be addressed. Furthermore, levels of education and food neophobia emerged as significant factors explaining algae consumption and avoidance. The remarkable diversity of edible macroalgae represents a substantial yet underutilized opportunity to promote more sustainable diets. Integration of additional evidence regarding food safety, nutrition, and sociocultural aspects of consumption is needed.
Diverse cell death signature based subtypes predict the prognosis and immune characteristics within glioma
Authors: Wang Lin , Song Jia , Xu Jing , Qin Yidan , Li Jia , Sun Yajuan , Jin Hui , Chen Jiajun , Wang Ziqian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background. Cell death plays an essential role in the pathogenesis, progression, drug resistance and recurrence of glioma. Although multiple cell death pathways are involved in glioma development, there is lack of a stratification and prognostic modelling for glioma based on the integration of diverse genes for cell deaths.
Methods. In this study, 1254 diverse cell death (DCD)-related genes were assessed using the ConsensusClusterPlus assessment to identify DCD patterns in glioma. CIBERSORT, ssGSEA, and ESTIMATE algorithms were applied to evaluate immune microenvironment differences between subtypes. LASSO Cox regression was used to screen prognosis-related DCD genes, and a risk scoremodel was constructed. TMB, TIDE, immune infiltration, and immunotherapy response was analyzed to evaluate the immune characteristics.
Results. Two DCD-related subgroups named Clusters 1 and 2, with distinct DCD levels, immune characteristics, and prognoses,were determined from glioma samples. A DCD-basedrisk scoremodel was developed to assess DCD levels in glioma patients and divide patients into high- and low-risk groups. We found this risk model can be used as an independent prognostic factor for glioma patients. Notably, glioma patients with low risk scoresexhibited subdued DCD activity, prolonged survival,and a favorable disposition towards benefiting from immune checkpoint blockade therapies.
Conclusions. This study established a novel signature classification and a risk model by comprehensively analyzing patterns of various DCDs to stratify glioma patients and to predict the prognosis and immune characteristics of glioma. We provided a theoretical basis for the clinical application of DCD-related genes in glioma prognosis and immunotherapy.
Low PGⅡ levels may indicate an increased risk of gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia in outpatients experiencing stomach discomfort: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Xunlei Pang , Chen Song , Zhang Li , Li Li , Wang Yanhong , Fei Sujuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
Limited research has been conducted on the correlation between pepsinogen (PG)Ⅱ and gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia (GIM) among individuals seeking medical attention for stomach-related issues. The objective of this retrospective cross-sectional analysis was to identify key factors associated with GIM development and explore the connection between PGⅡ levels and GIM among outpatients experiencing stomach discomfort.
Methods
Participants with stomach discomfort, who were not utilizing any medication to suppress stomach acid, were enrolled in the study. Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the association between 14 potential factors, encompassing lifestyle choices, and the occurrence of GIM within this research.
Results
In multivariate analysis, males (odds ratio [OR], 1.568; p = 0.013), low PGⅡ levels (OR, 0.975; p = 0.025) and the eradication history of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) (OR, 1.549; p = 0.020) were identified as risk factors for the prevalence of GIM. After adjusting for PGⅡ levels, there was a significant difference in the prevalence of GIM between males with high and low PGⅡ compared to females with high PGⅡ levels (OR 2.075 and 1.336; p = 0.005 and 0.001). There was also a significant difference in the prevalence of GIM between females with low and high PGⅡ levels (OR 1.349; p = 0.021). Among individuals with higher PGII levels, the prevalence of GIM was significantly different between females without an Hp eradiation history and males with or without eradication history (OR, 1.408 and 1.368; p = 0.016 and 0.043, respectively ). Among individuals with lower PGⅡ levels, the prevalence of GIM was significantly different between females without an Hp eradication history, females with eradication history, and males with eradication history(OR, 1.545 and 1.463; p = 0.030 and 0.005 ) .
Conclusion
Males, those with low PGⅡ levels, and individuals with a history of Hp eradication could be significant predictors for GIM in outpatients experiencing stomach discomfort. Low PGⅡ levels may indicate an increased risk of GIM in outpatients experiencing stomach discomfort.
The Roles of Attitudes Toward Suicide in Suicidal Ideation and Attempts among Chinese College Students: A Structural Equation Modeling Study
Authors: Lyu Shunyan , Guo Zixuan , Jiang Yanan , Li Yu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Attitudes toward suicide are complex and multifaceted, and their predictive roles in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts are not well understood. Elaborating on attitudes toward suicide can help contribute to suicide prevention. The current study examined whether and how attitudes toward suicide are involved in the ideation-to-action framework of suicide among college students. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 1427 Chinese college students (mean age, 22.42 years), of whom 570 reported suicidal ideation. Participants completed questionnaires to assess their endorsed attitude toward suicide, stigmatized attitude toward suicide, self-stigma toward suicide, depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Structural equation modeling revealed that the associations between the three types of attitudes, i.e., endorsed attitude, stigmatized attitude, and self-stigma, and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were fully or partially mediated by depression. The results suggested that attitudes towards suicide significantly influence suicidal behaviors and future suicide prevention efforts should consider these influences.