bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of hyperleptinaemia on chronic ethanol‐induced hepatotoxicity in mice
Authors: Balasubramaniyan Vairappan , Nalini Namasivayam 
Published: March 2006

AbstractEthanol metabolism is accompanied by generation of free radicals, which stimulate lipid peroxidation. Previous studies have proposed a possible link between leptin and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease; however, the effect of leptin on ethanol‐induced liver diseases remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of leptin on ethanol‐induced liver injury in mice. Administering ethanol (6.32 g/kg body weight p.o.) to 4‐week‐old healthy mice for 45 days resulted in significantly elevated levels of plasma leptin, total bilirubin, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), tissue lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), and lowered levels of tissue vitamins C and E when compared with those of the control mice. Subsequent to the experimental induction of hepatotoxicity (i.e. after the initial period of 30 days) exogenous leptin was administered (230 μg/kg body weight i.p.) every alternate day for 15 days along with the daily dose of ethanol. Leptin administration to control and ethanol‐treated mice significantly reduced the weight gain, elevated the plasma levels of leptin, bilirubin, GGT and tissue LOOH, and significantly lowered the levels of tissue vitamins C and E when compared with the untreated control and ethanol‐supplemented mice. It is postulated that the increase in systemic leptin levels enhances oxidative stress, and lowers antioxidant defence, leading to the augmented hepatic inflammation observed in alcoholic liver disease.
Notes on paternal care and sibling cannibalism in the giant water bug,Lethocerus deyrolli(Heteroptera: Belostomatidae)
Authors: OHBA Shin‐ya , HIDAKA Kazumasa , SASAKI Masami 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMales of the giant water bug,Lethocerus deyrolli, care for egg masses on vegetation above the water surface. They supply the developing eggs with water and guard them against predators. In the present study, mechanisms by which paternal care is extended were found. Males were found situated just below the water on the natal substrate (usually a stick), and the first instar nymphs were aggregated around the substrate. When disturbed, the males showed aggressive behavior, threatening the intruder with their forelegs. Nymphs up to 12 h old did not attack the offered sibling nymphs or anuran larvae, which are common prey in the field. The 24 h‐old nymphs attacked both prey animals; however, they preferred anuran larvae. Cannibalistic behavior in the nymphs was well developed 72 h after hatching, when the nymphs had already dispersed from the natal substrate. The suppression of sibling cannibalism in younger nymphs would promote the maintenance of tight nymphal aggregations and consequently extend male care in this predatory species.
Effect of the pupal age of Calliphora erythrocephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) on the reproductive biology of Melittobia acasta (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae)
Authors: IMANDEH Nyiutaha G. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the pupal age of Calliphora erythrocephala (Meigen) on the reproductive biology (in terms of number, size, developmental time and longevity of progeny) of the parasitoid Melittobia acasta Walker. Melittobia acasta females of uniform size were given five C. erythrocephala pupae from one of four experimental age groups: 17–24 h, 24–48 h, 48–72 h and 72–96 h, for parasitization. The mean number of progeny produced from the experimental age groups for a 24 h period were 2, 7.6, 15.6 and 13.6, respectively. The parasitoids preferred hosts that were 48–72 h old. There were no significant differences in the mean development time (18.2 days) and size of progeny (mean head width = 0.38 ± 0.01 mm) produced from the experimental host age groups. The longevity of progeny from the four host age groups varied (range: 4–39 days), with those from the 48–72 h group living longest (mean = 25 days). The F1 females from the 48–72 h group were reproductively more successful than those from the other groups, producing a mean F2 progeny of 912 individuals when compared with 867, 801 and 757 individuals from the 24–48 h, 72–96 h and 17–24 h age groups, respectively. These findings make significant contributions to our knowledge of the breeding and utilization of this parasitoid for the biological control of dipteran flies in pigsties and poultry houses.
Effects of parasitoids on a mycophagous drosophilid community in northern Japan and an evaluation of the disproportionate parasitism hypothesis
Authors: YOROZUYA Hiroshi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn a host–parasitoid system comprising mycophagous drosophilids and their parasitoids, the drosophilid and parasitoid species assemblages, host use, and the prevalence of parasitism were assessed, and the “disproportionate parasitism hypothesis” was examined with consideration given to yearly variations. The mycophagous drosophilids, their fungal food resources and parasitoids were studied by carrying out an intensive census throughout the activity seasons of 4 years (2000–2003) in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Five hymenopterous parasitoid species, four braconids and one eucoilid, were found. Parasitoids of mycophagous drosophilids are reported for the first time from Asia. Most parasitism (99.2%) was by braconids, in contrast to the dominance of eucoilids in Europe. Parasitism was restricted to the summer, and the rate was high from early July to early August every year. There was considerable yearly variation in the composition of abundant fungus, drosophilid and parasitoid species, especially between 2000 and 2001. The alternation of dominant host species was coupled with the alternation of dominant parasitoid species that differed in host use. Despite the yearly variation in the system, the most dominant host species suffered disproportionately heavy parasitism by the correspondingly dominant parasitoid species every year. The parasitism rate was positively correlated with the relative host abundance. This thus indicates that the disproportionate parasitism mechanism may operate, via which species coexistence is promoted by a higher rate of parasitism of the dominant species.
Abundance and life cycle of Zonocerus variegatus (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) in the humid forest zone of southern Cameroon
Authors: MESSI Jean , KEKEUNOU Sévilor , WEISE Stéphan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWeekly captures from January 2000 to January 2002 enabled us to study the abundance and life cycle of the variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae), in the humid forest zone of Southern Cameroon. We found that Z. variegatus was present throughout the year in the forest reserve and the human‐influenced zones of Yaounde and Mbalmayo in two univoltine populations, which had unequal abundance and durations. The separation of the two populations was clearer in the Yaounde and Mbalmayo developed zones than in the Mbalmayo forest reserve (undeveloped zone). The abundance of Z. variegatus varied according to the post‐embryonic stage, sex, year and season. Hatching and coupling took place during the dry and rainy seasons, whereas oviposition occurred only in the rainy season. In Cameroon, the type of life cycle of Z. variegatus observed in the humid forest zone of the south is different from that of the “Sudanian and Sahelian” zones.
Behavioral responses of the parasitoid Psyllaephagus pistaciae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) to host plant volatiles and honeydew
Authors: MEHRNEJAD M. Reza , COPLAND Michael J. W. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe behavioral responses of the parasitoid Psyllaephagus pistaciae, the major biocontrol agent of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae, to volatiles emanating from its host plant and host honeydew, were examined using a four‐arm airflow olfactometer. In addition, the arrestment behavior of this parasitoid on clean and honeydew‐treated leaves of the pistachio, Pistacia vera, was monitored. The infested pistachio leaves were the most favored source of the volatile attracting the parasitoids. The parasitoid clearly distinguished and responded to infochemicals emitted by psyllid honeydew but at a lower level than to the volatiles from infested host plants. However, the searching time, locomotory behavior, antennal drumming and ovipositor probing were all affected when they encountered honeydew‐contaminated zones on pistachio leaves. These findings suggest that the psyllid honeydew releases kairomones that stimulate the parasitoids to greater searching activity, as well as providing a directional cue. The intensive searching activities in the presence of the volatiles tested were very similar to responses by the parasitoid females when encountering patches treated with psyllid honeydew. Such behavior could retain the parasitoid in a favorable area, thereby increasing the probability of additional host encounters.
Review of the North American Tarphiota Casey, with a description of a new seashore‐inhabiting Atheta species exhibiting convergent characteristics (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)
Authors: KLIMASZEWSKI Jan , MAJKA Christopher G. , LANGOR David 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA review of the North American species of the genus Tarphiota Casey is presented. Three species are recognized: T. densa (Moore), T. fucicola (Mäklin), and T. geniculata (Mäklin). They occur on the sandy beaches of the Pacific coast. A new coastal species of Atheta, found on the seashore and exhibiting certain convergent characteristics to Tarphiota, is described from the Atlantic coast: A. novaescotiae Klimaszewski and Majka, sp. nov. All Canadian species are provided with diagnoses, genitalic illustrations and digital photos of their habitus in dorsal and lateral view. A key is presented to distinguish the species. New data on the natural history of A. novaescotiae are presented and briefly discussed.
Vespidae (Hymenoptera) of Vietnam 3: Synoptic key to Vietnamese species of the polistine genus Ropalidia, with notes on taxonomy and distribution
Authors: NGUYEN Lien T. P. , KOJIMA Jun‐ichi , SAITO Fuki , CARPENTER James M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNineteen species of the paper wasp genus Ropalidia are recorded from Vietnam, of which three are new records for Vietnam. A key to all of the species, distribution records and taxonomic remarks are given. New synonymies proposed are: Ropalidia bicolorata parvula van der Vecht, 1962, under R. bicolorata van der Vecht, 1962; R. hongkongensis juncta van der Vecht, 1941, under R. hongkongensis (de Saussure, 1854); Icaria jucunda Cameron, 1898, and R. marginata sundaica van der Vecht, 1941, under R. marginata (Lepeletier, 1836); R. rufocollaris atrata van der Vecht, 1941, under R. rufocollaris (Cameron, 1900); and R. stigma rufa van der Vecht, 1941 and R. stigma nigrolineata van der Vecht, 1962, under R. stigma (Smith, 1858).
Structure, mechanism and mechanical properties of pupal attachment in Greta oto (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae)
Authors: INGRAM Abigail L. , PARKER Andrew R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe structure and mechanism of pupal attachment are described for the nymphalid Greta oto using electron microscopy, and high‐speed and time‐lapse photography. The cremaster is composed of a 3‐D array of hooked setae that engage with silk fibers spun into layers in a pad on the lower leaf surface. Each seta comprises a shaft terminating in a strongly curved hook, tipped with two lateral barbs. These hook into the silk pad, which is densely laid and built‐up in the central portion, flattening out peripherally. Time‐lapse photography showed that silk pad construction by fifth instar larvae is completed in four distinct spinning movements, producing a random fiber arrangement. It is proposed that such a fiber arrangement provides isotropic strength, giving greater flexibility to the attachment. The cremaster is attached to the silk pad by a series of lateral movements of the pupa's posterior abdomen. This movement, together with the shape of the setal hooks, is thought to be integral to the attachment process. Tensile loading tests showed that attachment failure is due to the breakage of the silk pad, which undergoes gradual destruction before releasing the cremaster. The attachment was found to have high tensile strength and fracture toughness, both of which suggest that it has evolved for the dual purpose of preventing the pupa being pulled from the leaf by a predator and preventing the attachment being weakened by wind, which causes the pupa to swing.
Drosophila subpulchrella, a new species of the Drosophila suzukii species subgroup from Japan and China (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: TAKAMORI Hisaki , WATABE Hide‐aki , FUYAMA Yoshiaki , ZHANG Ya‐ping , AOTSUKA Tadashi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract Drosophila (Sophophora) subpulchrella Takamori and Watabe, sp. nov., of the D. suzukii subgroup in the D. melanogaster species group, is described from Japan and southern China, and compared with its sibling species, D. pulchrella Tan et al. distributed in the Yun‐Gui Highland, south‐western China. The results of cross‐experiments show a complete pre‐mating isolation between D. subpulchrella and D. pulchrella.
Serial Reevaluation for ARVD/C Is Indicated in Patients Presenting with Left Bundle Branch Block Ventricular Tachycardia and Minor ECG Abnormalities
Authors: KIÈS PHILIPPINE , BOOTSMA MARIANNE , BAX JEROEN J. , ZEPPENFELD KATJA , Van ERVEN LIESELOT , WIJFFELS MAURITS C. , Van Der WALL ERNST E. , SCHALIJ MARTIN J. 
Published: March 2006

Introduction: Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is based on a set of criteria proposed by the International Task Force (TF) for Cardiomyopathies in 1994. To fulfill these criteria, presence of both electrocardiographic and anatomical abnormalities must be assessed with ECG and imaging techniques, respectively. This may be difficult in patients with early/mild forms of the disease as detectable structural abnormalities may still be absent. We evaluated in which patients presenting with right ventricular tachycardia (VT) serial reevaluation for ARVD/C is indicated. Methods and Results: Sixty consecutive patients (41 men, mean age 40±15 years) were evaluated by the TF criteria for possible ARVD/C because of presentation with a left bundle branch block (LBBB) VT, representing 1 minor criterion. The presence on the ECG of a T‐wave inversion beyond lead V2 (1 minor), right precordial QRS prolongation (1 major), or an epsilon wave (1 major) was assessed together with the visualization of severe regional/global right ventricle dysfunction (1 major) or mild segmental dilatation/regional hypokinesia (1 minor) by standard imaging techniques. Initially, 22 (37%) patients were diagnosed as having ARVD/C. After 47±39 (range 6–146) months, 23 initially TF‐negative patients were reevaluated because of recurrent symptoms, with 12 (52%) additional patients now meeting the TF criteria. Eleven of these 12 (92%) patients presented initially with ECG abnormalities only, but developed structural abnormalities on imaging at follow‐up. Conclusion: ECG abnormalities may precede structural abnormalities warranting serial reevaluation for ARVD/C in initially TF‐negative patients presenting with LBBB VT with only ECG abnormalities.
An Unusual Form of Bundle Branch Reentrant Tachycardia
Authors: SARKOZY ANDREA , BOUSSY TIM , CHIERCHIA GIAN‐BATTISTA , GEELEN PETER , BRUGADA PEDRO 
Published: March 2006

Introduction: We report the case of a 36‐year‐old patient with a longstanding history of paroxysmal tachycardia. Methods and Results: During the electrophysiological study, the H‐V interval was prolonged in sinus rhythm, and a second potential (H″) with distal to proximal activation pattern was recorded in the region of the proximal His‐Purkinje system. Two wide QRS complex tachycardias were induced, both with V‐A dissociation. One application of radiofrequency energy at the site with earliest and largest H″ potential during sinus rhythm cured both tachycardias. The right and left bundle branch block morphology tachycardias were diagnosed as clockwise and counterclockwise bundle branch reentrant tachycardia. The H″ potential represented the retrograde right bundle potential during sinus rhythm and bundle branch block reentrant tachycardia.
Performance of six bone collectors designed for dental implant surgery
Authors: Kainulainen Vesa T. , Kainulainen Tiina J. , Oikarinen Kyösti S. , Carmichael Robert P. , Sàndor George K. B. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to perform an in vitro comparison of six bone collectors for harvesting of particulate bone.Material and methods: Four commercially available bone collectors (Frios®, Osseous Coagulum Trap®, ACE Autografter®, Bone Trap®) and two custom‐designed models were tested. Three different in vitro tests were performed to determine the harvesting capabilities of the collectors. In test I, a bovine mandible was drilled and the bone collectors were used to collect bone chips. The harvested bone volumes and dry weights were measured after harvesting. In test II, three dental implant sites were prepared in a bovine mandible. The bones from the implant osteotomies were collected, and bone volumes and dry weights were measured. In test III, 1 ml of bone chips was mixed with water, and suctioned through the bone collectors. The volumes of the bone chips retained were measured to determine the efficiency of each collector.Results: The Osseous Coagulum Trap® and the custom‐made collectors were the most effective instruments in test I. The mean volumes ranged from 0.17 to 0.38 ml. In test II, the difference between the collectors was small and the bone volume ranged from 0.28 to 0.37 ml. In test III, the Bone Trap® became blocked before the other collectors, and its bone procurement was therefore limited.Conclusion: Comparison of six different bone collectors in this in vitro study showed that all collectors are usable in clinical situations but their effectiveness varies.
Oral myofunctional and vocal characteristics in subjects subjected to oral rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants
Authors: Sansone Karilla Matteo , Filho Hugo Nary , Berretin‐Félix Giédre , Brasolotto Alcione Ghedini 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral rehabilitation using immediately loaded fixed implant‐supported mandibular prostheses, considering chewing, swallowing, speech and voice aspects.Material and methods: Fourteen patients subjected to this treatment were evaluated by a clinical examination of the stomatognathic system and perceptual evaluation of voice quality before oral rehabilitation, as well as after 1 and 4 months.Results: After oral rehabilitation, the results showed that there were no significant modifications in the aspects investigated.Conclusion: Thus, implant‐supported prosthetic rehabilitation, despite providing a more satisfactory occlusal standard, did not yield changes in the functional patterns of individuals in this study.
SAMPLE SIZE IN CONSUMER TEST AND DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: GACULA MAXIMO , RUTENBECK SHERI 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACT This article deals with sample size (n) estimation by computer simulation using the variance of consumer and in‐house sensory tests. The current sample size used in descriptive analysis was also examined. The sample size ranging from 20 to 200 was used to detect a difference ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 on a 9‐point hedonic scale. For the simulated consumer data, significant difference was first observed at a difference of 0.60 when n = 40. Increasing the difference to above 0.60, the first significance likewise appeared when n = 40. Based on the variability used in the study, these results support the commonly cited sample size of 40–100. Thus, the role of the difference to be detected is very important in determining the sample size (base size). The variance can be obtained from historical data. In this study, the difference ranging from 0.60 to 1.00 is critical and can be used by the research and sensory analysts as a guide. Therefore, the analysts must have an idea of the size of hedonic differences among formula or products to be compared in determining the appropriate sample size. The power of the test for various sample sizes is provided through plots of power versus n. For descriptive analysis, the results showed that the recommended minimum is n = 5, noting that in most cases, judges differed by 1 unit on a 15‐point rating scale. The power of the test is also reported for n ranging from 5 to 14 judges.
FLAVOR PROPERTIES OF PLAIN SOYMILK*
Authors: CHAMBERS EDGAR , JENKINS ALICIA , MCGUIRE BRUCE H. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACT A trained sensory panel was used to (1) establish terminology for describing flavor attributes of a wide range of “fresh” and processed soymilks (SMs); and (2) test the lexicon and describe the flavor properties of a wide range (n = 32) of plain SM samples. Twenty‐eight attributes were identified in the SMs studied. However, findings indicate that the main differences are a consequence largely of the presence of certain attributes that are either infrequently present or unique to a specific product. Thus, sensory evaluation of SM needs to include a review of samples to ensure that all attributes are documented prior to evaluation, or use a method that allows the addition of attributes during testing.
USING THE INTERNET FOR DESCRIPTIVE SENSORY ANALYSIS: FORMATION, TRAINING AND FOLLOW‐UP OF A TASTE‐TEST PANEL OVER THE WEB
Authors: NOGUEIRA‐TERRONES H. , TINET C. , CURT C. , TRYSTRAM G. , HOSSENLOPP J. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACT A remote descriptive analysis panel was formed and trained over the Internet. This article outlines the steps involved in this method: (1) creation of Web sensory sessions; (2) recruitment and selection of assessors; (3) generation of descriptors; (4) training using generated descriptors; and (5) check‐up sessions. A reference panel was formed and trained conventionally: it aimed, on the one hand, at providing the necessary reference points for training the Internet panel and on the other hand, at validating the proposed method by the comparison of the results assessed on the same product by both panels. We applied our methodology to a dry sausage. Sixteen assessors carried out the complete training on 10 descriptors during 10 sessions. The results of the analysis of variance with (panel–product) interactions considering each attribute separately showed that product classification is the same for the two panels on the basis of seven descriptors out of 10. The results concerned with the performance of individual assessors showed that training duration seemed to be the most important feature in determining the level of performance of assessors remotely trained over the Internet.