bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Publication of Surgical Abstracts in Full Text: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Balasubramanian SP , Kumar ID , Wyld L , Reed MW 
Published: January 2006

INTRODUCTION Abstracts presented at national and international scientific meetings are an important educational resource. However, the work is not peer reviewed and little is known about the quality or validity of the presented results and the fate of such abstracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of abstracts presented to the 1997 annual meeting of the Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland. We examined the rates of full-text publication, time to publication, factors influencing publication, inconsistencies between presented and subsequently published manuscripts, and reasons for non-publication of abstracts. RESULTS Of the 241 abstracts presented, 136 (56.4%) were published at a median duration of 18 months. Multicentre studies had a greater tendency to subsequent publication and studies involving academic centres predicted publication in a high impact factor journal. Inconsistencies between presented and published abstracts were common and were significantly associated with delayed publication. Oral and poster presentations were equally likely to be published. Reasons for non-submission of presented abstracts included lack of time, low priority to publish, perceived methodological limitations, lack of novelty of findings and co-investigators leaving the organisation. CONCLUSIONS More than half of the work presented at a national surgical meeting in the UK has been subsequently published. Various factors that influence the process of publication and remediable causes for non-publication have been identified.
Gauze Packing of Open Surgical Wounds: Empirical or Evidence-Based Practice?
Authors: Dinah F , Adhikari A 
Published: January 2006

INTRODUCTION Most surgical wounds are closed primarily, but some are allowed to heal by secondary intention. This usually involves repeated packing and dressing of the raw wound surfaces. Although the long-term care of such wounds has devolved to the care of nurses in the community or out-patient setting, the initial wound dressing or cavity packing is done by the surgeon in the operating theatre. Many surgeons are unaware of the growth of the discipline of wound care, and still use traditional soaked gauze for dressing and packing open surgical wounds and cavities. RESULTS This review summarises the some of the modern alternatives available and the evidence – or the lack of it – for their use in both the acute and chronic setting.
Prevalence of HIV Status and CD4 Counts in a Surgical Cohort: Their Relationship to Clinical Outcome
Authors: Čačala SR , Mafana E , Thomson SR , Smith A 
Published: January 2006

INTRODUCTION HIV positivity alone as a predictor of surgical outcome has not been extensively studied in regions of high prevalence. The aim was to determine the prevalence of HIV infection in surgical patients, and compare differences in their clinical course based on their serological status and CD4 counts. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective cohort of 350 patients, enrolled over 6 weeks, were studied. HIV status was determined in all patients. HIV-positive patients had CD4 counts. Clinical details were collated with HIV data after completion of enrolment. RESULTS Of the 350 patients, all but 6 were black South Africans. The median age was 31 years (range, 18–82 years). There were 143 trauma and 207 non-trauma patients. The male:female ratio was 1.4:1. The overall HIV seropositivity rate was 39% (females, 46%; males, 36%). Overall, 228 patients had surgical intervention and 96 patients had drainage of sepsis. The hospital stay (HIV negative, 11.9 ± 15.9 days; HIV positive, 11.0 ± 15 days) and mortality (HIV positive, 3.6%; HIV negative, 3.7%) did not differ by major diagnostic category. For HIV-positive patients, the male:female ratio was 1.2:1. There were 54 trauma and 83 non-trauma patients. An operation for the drainage of a septic focus was commoner in the HIV-positive admissions. Thirty-two (24%) patients had CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mm3, (i.e. AIDS). The hospital mortality, hospital stay and severity of sepsis were not related to CD4 counts. CONCLUSIONS HIV status does not influence the outcome of general surgical admissions and should not influence surgical management decisions. In HIV-positive surgical patients, CD4 counts have no relation to in-hospital outcome in a heterogeneous group of surgical patients.
Is There a Role for the Intravenous Urogram in the 21st Century?
Authors: Whitfield Ahn , Whitfield HN 
Published: January 2006

For debate Over the last two decades, there have been major advances in methods of medical imaging that have brought great benefits to patients both for diagnosis and for treatment. There has been an increasing tendency for some of these new imaging modalities to be dependent on highly sophisticated technology. The belief has developed amongst doctors who use these techniques that newer is necessarily better. Just as patients (and some doctors) now often believe that anything done with a laser represents the best that can be offered, so there is a tendency to demand that newer techniques in imaging should always be offered as the preferred option. In urological practice that philosophy is questionable.
Semiautomated Method for Determination of Serum Paraoxonase Activity Using Paraoxon as Substrate
Authors: Charlton-Menys Valentine , Liu Yifen , Durrington Paul N 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Background: Serum paraoxonase (PON1) is an enzyme associated with HDL, and its ability to protect LDL from oxidation is one mechanism by which HDL protects against atherosclerosis. Low concentrations of PON1 are found in patients with type 2 diabetes or coronary heart disease. Serum PON1 activity may also be important in avoidance of organophosphate toxicity in industry.
Methods: The generally accepted method for determining PON1 activity requires use of a recording spectrophotometer and is not suited to large numbers of samples; in addition, automation presents particular problems because of the extreme toxicity of substrates such as paraoxon. We established a relatively safe microtiter plate method that facilitates the determination of PON1 activity at a rate of 120 samples per hour.
Results: PON1 activity was determined by the generally accepted method (x) and the new method (y); results correlated with a slope close to unity (y = 0.93x + 8; r = 0.97; P &lt;0.0001; n = 101). Examination of differences by Bland–Altman plots showed a weak concentration-dependent difference (r = 0.33; P &lt;0.0001; n = 101). The intra- and interassay sample CVs, obtained with samples with PON1 activities ranging from 41 to 348 nmol · min−1 · mL−1, were 3.5% and 2.7%, respectively (n = 16).
Conclusion:The proposed method for determination of PON1 activity is simple, relatively safe, and inexpensive and is suitable for analysis of large numbers of samples.
Coincidences of hypercubic lattices in 4 dimensions
Authors: Zeiner Peter 
Published: January 2006

Summary
We consider the CSLs of 4-dimensional hypercubic lattices. In particular, we derive the coincidence index Σ and calculate the number of different CSLs as well as the number of inequivalent CSLs for a given Σ. The hypercubic face centered case is dealt with in detail and it is sketched how to derive the corresponding results for the primitive hypercubic lattice.
Two isostructural manganese (III) diphosphates, acid α-MnHP2O7 and double MnLiP2O7: crystal structure determination from X-ray powder diffraction data
Authors: Ivashkevich Ludmila S. , Selevich Kirill A. , Lesnikovich Anatoly I. , Selevich Anatoly F. , Lyakhov Alexander S. 
Published: January 2006

Summary

Ab initio crystal structure determination of the α form of MnHP2O7 and Rietveld refinement of the MnLiP2O7 structure were performed using powder X-ray diffraction data. The final structures have been obtained using soft restraints on interatomic bond lengths and bond angles for the diphosphate group. The two compounds were found to be to a great extent isostructural. They crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21, Z = 2, a = 6.7547(6), b = 8.3160(7), c = 4.8769(5) Å, β = 113.1791(18)°, R
p = 0.0283, R
wp = 0.0390, R
Bragg = 0.0930, R
F = 0.0869 for α-MnHP 22O7, and a = 7.0018(5), b = 8.1616(6), c = 4.7267(4)Å, β = 109.404(3)°, R
p = 0.0307, R
wp = 0.0423, R
Bragg = 0.0960, R
F = 0.0861 for MnLiP2O7. In both compounds, diphosphate groups adopt nearly eclipsed configuration. Their structures present three-dimensional networks, which have tunnels including the lithium cations or hydrogen atoms. The behaviour of the crystalline forms of MnHP2O7 in H/Li exchange reactions is discussed, vs. their structural aspects.
Variable temperature (100—295 K) single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of the α-polymorph of glycylglycine and a glycylglycine hydrate
Authors: Drebushchak Tatyana N. , Kolesnik Evgenia N. , Boldyreva Elena V. 
Published: January 2006

Summary
The crystal structures of the α-polymorph of glycylglycine (glygly) and of its hydrate (glygly × 1.5 H2O) were refined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 100, 150, 220, and 295 K (glygly) and at 100, 200, 295 K (glygly × 1.5 H2O). The values of the volume thermal expansions of glygly and its hydrate were shown to be larger than for the three polymorphs of glycine. The anisotropy of strain on cooling was analyzed. Despite a smaller bulk thermal expansion measured for glygly, linear strain (both compression and expansion) along the axes of the strain ellipsoids was larger for the structure of glygly, than for the structure of glygly × 1.5 H2O. The contributions of the distortion of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds and of the conformational changes of the zwitter-ions to the lattice strain are considered.
A comparative study of the anisotropy of lattice strain induced in the crystals of DL-serine by cooling down to 100 K, or by increasing pressure up to 8.6 GPa. A comparison with L-serine
Authors: Boldyreva Elena V. , Kolesnik Evgenia N. , Drebushchak Tatyana N. , Sowa Heidrun , Ahsbahs Hans , Seryotkin Yuri V. 
Published: January 2006

Summary
The anisotropy of lattice strain in the crystals of DL-serine (P21/n) on cooling down to 100 K and with increasing hydrostatic pressure up to 8.6 GPa was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In contrast to L-serine undergoing pressure-induced phase transitions at about 5 and 8 GPa, no phase transitions were observed in DL-serine at least up to 8.6 GPa (the highest pressure reached in the experiment). The anisotropy of strain in DL-serine on cooling was shown to be radically different from that with increasing pressure. The response of the crystal structure of DL-serine to cooling and to increasing pressure was considerably different from that of L-serine.
Perfect Bi4Ti3O12 Single‐Crystal Films via Flux‐Mediated Epitaxy
Authors: Takahashi R. , Yonezawa Y. , Ohtani M. , Kawasaki M. , Nakajima K. , Chikyow T. , Koinuma H. , Matsumoto Y. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractExcellent crystallinity of material films and atomic control of their surface/interface, sufficient for the realization of their optimal physical properties, are technological premises for modern functional‐device applications. Bi4Ti3O12 and related compounds attract much interest as highly insulating, ferroelectric materials for use in ferroelectric random‐access memories. However, it has been difficult thus far for Bi4Ti3O12 films to satisfy such requirements when formed using vapor‐phase epitaxy, owing to the high volatility of Bi in a vacuum. Here, we demonstrate that flux‐mediated epitaxy is one of the most promising and widely applicable concepts to overcome this inevitable problem. The key point of this process is the appropriate selection of a multi‐component flux system. A combinatorial approach has led to the successful discovery of the novel flux composition of Bi–Cu–O for Bi4Ti3O12 single‐crystal film growth. The perfect single‐crystal nature of the stoichiometric Bi4Ti3O12 film formed has been verified through its giant grain size and electric properties, equivalent to those of bulk single crystals. This demonstration has broad implications, opening up the possibility of preparing stoichiometric single‐crystal oxide films via vapor‐phase epitaxy, even if volatile constituents are required.
Highly Efficient Green‐Emitting Phosphorescent Iridium Dendrimers Based on Carbazole Dendrons
Authors: Ding J. , Gao J. , Cheng Y. , Xie Z. , Wang L. , Ma D. , Jing X. , Wang F. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractGreen‐emitting iridium dendrimers with rigid hole‐transporting carbazole dendrons are designed, synthesized, and investigated. With second‐generation dendrons, the photoluminescence quantum yield of the dendrimers is up to 87 % in solution and 45 % in a film. High‐quality films of the dendrimers are fabricated by spin‐coating, producing highly efficient, non‐doped electrophosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). With a device structure of indium tin oxide/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid)/neat dendrimer/1,3,5‐tris(2‐N‐phenylbenzimidazolyl)benzene/LiF/Al, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.3 % and a maximum luminous efficiency of 34.7 cd A–1 are realized. By doping the dendrimers into a carbazole‐based host, the maximum EQE can be further increased to 16.6 %. The integration of rigid hole‐transporting dendrons and phosphorescent complexes provides a new route to design highly efficient solution‐processable dendrimers for OLED applications.
Stable, Superhydrophobic, and Conductive Polyaniline/Polystyrene Films for Corrosive Environments
Authors: Zhu Y. , Zhang J. , Zheng Y. , Huang Z. , Feng L. , Jiang L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA polyaniline/polystyrene composite film with a lotus‐leaf‐like structure is prepared via a simple electrospinning method. The film shows stable superhydrophobicity and conductivity, even in many corrosive solutions, such as acidic or basic solutions over a wide pH range, and also in oxidizing solutions. The special surface composition and morphology are the two important aspects that induce such unusual properties. The polystyrene content can strongly influence the morphology of the composite films, which thus display different superhydrophobicities and conductivities.
Industrial‐Scale Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Halides and Amines –A Personal Account
Authors: Buchwald Stephen L. , Mauger Christelle , Mignani Gerard , Scholz Ulrich 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed coupling of amines and aryl halides or aryl alcohol derivatives has matured from an exotic small‐scale transformation into a very general, efficient and robust reaction during the last ten years. This article reports several applications of this method from an industrial vantage point, including ligand synthesis, synthesis of arylpiperazines, arylhydrazines and diarylamines. Much emphasis in placed on issues of scale‐up and safety to underline the potential of CN couplings as solutions for industrial‐scale synthetic problems.
A Selective Transformation of Flavanones to 3‐Bromoflavones and Flavones Under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Zhou Zhongzhen , Zhao Peiliang , Huang Wei , Yang Guangfu 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis paper presents the first report of a highly selective transformation of flavanones to 3‐bromoflavones or flavones by microwave irradiation of the corresponding flavanone reactants and N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of a catalytic amount of 2,2′‐azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN). The combination of good to excellent yields, shorter reaction time (10 min), and high levels of functional group compatibility make this an attractive synthetic approach to 3‐bromoflavones and flavones.
Ru‐(Phosphine‐Oxazoline) Complexes as Effective, Industrially Viable Catalysts for the Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Aryl Ketones
Authors: Naud Frédéric , Malan Christophe , Spindler Felix , Rüggeberg Carsten , Schmidt Andreas T. , Blaser Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: January 2006

AbstractComplexes prepared in situ from RuCl2(PPh3)3 and chiral phosphine‐oxazoline ligands are effective catalysts for the hydrogenation of various aryl ketones with ees up to 99% and substrate to catalyst ratios of 10,000–50,000; the reaction tolerates high substrate concentrations and a pilot process has been developed for the hydrogenation of 3,5‐bistrifluoromethyl acetophenone.
Catalytic Isomerization of Allylic Alcohols by (η6‐p‐Cymene)‐ Ruthenium(II) Complexes in Organic and Aqueous Media: New Recyclable and Highly Efficient Catalysts in Water Containing Ammonium‐Functionalized Ligands
Authors: Crochet Pascale , Díez Josefina , Fernández‐Zúmel Mariano A. , Gimeno José 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe water‐soluble complexes [RuCl2(η6‐p‐cymene){κ‐(P)‐PPh3n(OCH2CH2NMe3)n}][SbF6]n [n=1 (4a), 2 (4b) or 3 (4c)] have been prepared from the neutral precursors [RuCl2(η6‐p‐cymene){κ‐(P)‐PPh3‐n(OCH2CH2NMe2)n}] [n=1 (2a), 2 (2b) or 3 (2c)] and MeI via quaternization of the nitrogen atom of the terminal aminoalkyl groups, and subsequent counteranion exchange by the treatment with AgSbF6. Complexes 2a–c and 4a–c have proven to be highly active catalysts for isomerization of allylic alcohols in THF and aqueous media, respectively. Moreover, the water‐soluble catalysts 4a–c can be reused after a simple extraction process at the end of the reaction. In particular, 4c presents a remarkable capability to be recycled, being active during 10 successive runs.
Isomerization of Propargylic Alcohols into α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by the Sixteen‐Electron Allyl‐Ruthenium(II) Complex [Ru(η3‐2‐C3H4Me)(CO)(dppf)][SbF6]
Authors: Cadierno Victorio , García‐Garrido Sergio E. , Gimeno José 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe 16‐e− (η3‐allyl)‐ruthenium(II) complex [Ru(η3‐2‐C3H4Me)(CO)(dppf)][SbF6] is an efficient catalyst for the regioselective isomerization of terminal propargylic alcohols HCCCR1R2(OH) into α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes R1R2CCHCHO or ketones R3R4CC(R1)COMe (if R2=CHR3R4) under mild conditions. This complex has been also used as catalyst for the preparation of conjugated 1,3‐enynes via dehydration of propargylic alcohols.
A Simple and Efficient Copper‐Free Catalytic System Based on a Palladacycle for the Arylation of Alkynes
Authors: Consorti Crestina S. , Flores Fabricio R. , Rominger Frank , Dupont Jairton 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe palladacycle [Pd(k2‐C,N‐C(C6H5)C(Cl)CH2NMe2)(μ‐Cl)]2 (1) derived from the chloropalladation of 3‐(dimethylamino)‐1‐phenyl‐1‐propyne and its phosphine adduct [Pd(k2‐C,N‐C(C6H5)C(Cl)CH2NMe2)P(4‐CF3C6H4)3(Cl)] (3) promote the alkynylation of bromo‐ and iodoarenes under relatively mild reaction conditions. The coupling of iodoarenes and activated bromoarenes with terminal alkynes can be conducted at room temperature. Turnover numbers have been achieved up to 105 with iodoarenes and up to 94 for deactivated bromoarenes but at higher temperatures (120 °C). Selective poisoning experiments (Hg, Collman and Crabtree tests) suggest that soluble Pd(0) species are the most probable catalytically active species involved in this Csp2–Csp coupling reaction.
A Clean, Facile and Practical Synthesis of α‐Oxoketene S,S‐Acetals in Water
Authors: Ouyang Yan , Dong Dewen , Yu Haifeng , Liang Yongjiu , Liu Qun 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA clean, facile and practical synthesis of α‐oxoketene S,S‐acetals in water has been developed. Catalyzed by tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) at room temperature in water, a range of β‐dicarbonyl compounds have been converted to the corresponding α‐oxoketene S,S‐acetals in very high yields. The catalyst in the aqueous phase can be recycled after the separation of organic products.
Conjugate Addition of Indoles to Nitroalkenes Promoted by Basic Alumina in Solventless Conditions
Authors: Ballini Roberto , Clemente Roberto Rabanedo , Palmieri Alessandro , Petrini Marino 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBasic alumina is found to promote the conjugate addition of indoles to nitroalkenes in solventless conditions at 60 °C. Nitroalkenes can be replaced by nitro alcohols that are converted into nitroolefins under the reaction conditions. Alternatively, a tandem nitroaldol‐dehydration allows the utilization of nitroalkanes and aldehydes as remote precursors of reactive nitroalkenes in a ‘one–pot’ synthesis of 3‐substituted indoles.
Curing of epoxy systems at sub‐glass transition temperature
Authors: Kroutilová Irena , Matějka Libor , Sikora Antonín , Souček Kamil , Staš Lubomír 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThree epoxy‐amine thermoset systems were cured at a low ambient temperature. Evolution of the reaction kinetics and molecular structure during cure at the sub‐glass transition temperature was followed by DSC and chemorheology experiments. The effect of vitrification and the reaction exotherm on curing and final mechanical properties of the epoxy thermosets was determined. Thermomechanical properties of the low‐temperature cured systems depend on the reaction kinetics and volume of the reaction mixture. Curing of the fast‐reacting system in a large volume (12‐mm thick layer) resulted in the material with Tg exceeding the cure temperature by 70–80°C because of an exothermal temperature rise. However, the reaction in a too large volume (50‐mm layer) led to thermal degradation of the network. In contrast, thin layers (1.5 mm) were severely undercured. Well‐cured epoxy thermosets could be prepared at sub‐Tg temperatures by optimizing reaction conditions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3669–3676, 2006
Kinetic study on the UV‐induced photopolymerization of epoxy acrylate/TiO2 nanocomposites by FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Li Fusheng , Zhou Shuxue , You Bo , Wu Limin 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe kinetics of the photopolymerization of epoxy acrylate/TiO2 nanocomposites, with 2′2‐dimethoxy‐1,2‐diphenylethan‐1‐one (Irgacure 651) or benzophenone/N‐methyl diethanolamine as photoinitiators, were studied by FTIR spectroscopy. It was found that nanocomposites had a decreasing photopolymerization rates in comparison with pure epoxy acrylate. The photopolymerization rate of the nanocomposite could also be influenced by initiator types, oxygen, film thickness, irradiation intensity, dispersing media of TiO2 slurry, and so forth. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3281–3287, 2006
Morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of flame‐retardant silicone rubber/montmorillonite nanocomposites
Authors: Yang Ling , Hu Yuan , Lu Hongdian , Song Lei 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFlame‐retardant methyl vinyl silicone rubber (MVMQ)/montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared by solution intercalation method, using magnesium hydroxide (MH) and red phosphorus (RP) as synergistic flame‐retardant additives, and aero silica (SiO2) as synergistic reinforcement filler. The morphologies of the flame‐retardant MVMQ/montmorillonite nanocomposites were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and the interlayer spacings were determined by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). In addition to mechanical measurements and limited oxygen index (LOI) test, thermal properties were tested by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The decomposition temperature of the nanocomposite that contained 1 wt % montmorillonite can be higher (129°C) than that of MVMQ as basal polymer matrix when 5% weight loss was selected as measuring point. This kind of silicone rubber nanocomposite is a promising flame‐retardant polymeric material. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3275–3280, 2006