bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memory Assessment on an Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Team: A Theoretically Based Framework
Authors: Sander Angelle M. , Nakase-Richardson Risa , Constantinidou Fofi , Wertheimer Jeffrey , Paul Diane R. 
Published: October 2007

PurposeTo describe a cognitive neuroscience model of memory that can be used to guide assessment and promote consistent terminology among members of the rehabilitation team, and to relate the model to frequently used assessment measures.MethodDescription of a model of memory, description of how frequently used memory measures relate to the model, and presentation of case studies to exemplify the application of the model to the clinical assessment of memory.ConclusionsUse of a theoretical framework is important for choosing assessment instruments, interpreting the results of test performance, and communicating with patients, their family members, and other members of the interdisciplinary team. Understanding where in the memory process a breakdown occurs can guide treatment recommendations and feedback to patients and family members.
Perspectives on Treatment for Communication Deficits Associated With Right Hemisphere Brain Damage
Authors: Lehman Blake Margaret 
Published: October 2007

PurposeTo describe the current treatment research for communication (prosodic, discourse, and pragmatic) deficits associated with right hemisphere brain damage and to provide suggestions for treatment selection given the paucity of evidence specifically for this population.MethodThe discussion covers (a) clinical decision processes and evidence-based practice; (b) a review of right hemisphere communication deficits and existing treatment studies; (c) accounts of right hemisphere function, right hemisphere deficits, and theoretically motivated treatments; and (d) a guide for exploring and selecting treatments based on deficits rather than etiology.ConclusionsControlled treatment studies for communication deficits specifically for adults with right hemisphere brain damage are limited to aprosodia. For other communication deficits, clinicians may select treatments based on current theories of right hemisphere function and right hemisphere deficits, and/or treatments developed for other etiologies for which deficits are similar to those associated with right hemisphere damage.
Self-Administered Cued Naming Therapy: A Single-Participant Investigation of a Computer-Based Therapy Program Replicated in Four Cases
Authors: Ramsberger Gail , Marie Basem 
Published: October 2007

PurposeThis study examined the benefits of a self-administered, clinician-guided, computer-based, cued naming therapy. Results of intense and nonintense treatment schedules were compared.MethodA single-participant design with multiple baselines across behaviors and varied treatment intensity for 2 trained lists was replicated over 4 participants. Two lists of words were treated sequentially. The same methods and equal numbers of treatment sessions were used, but the number of sessions per week differed across word lists: nonintense (2/week) or intense (5/week). Probes of performance on both word lists were carried out to examine acquisition, maintenance, and generalization.ResultsThere was strong evidence of improved naming (acquisition) of trained words in 3 of the 4 participants regardless of treatment intensity. There was strong evidence of maintenance for 1 participant and moderate evidence for the remaining 3 participants. Evidence of generalization to untrained words was weak.ConclusionsResults suggest that self-administered, computer-based, cued naming therapy using a common mixed-cue protocol may be beneficial to a wide range of persons with aphasia regardless of treatment schedule. If results are replicated with a larger sample, treatments such as this may be a low-cost supplement or extension to traditional aphasia therapy.
Pragmatic Language Profiles of School-Age Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Williams Syndrome
Authors: Philofsky Amy , Fidler Deborah J. , Hepburn Susan 
Published: October 2007

Purpose
To describe and compare the pragmatic language profiles of school-age children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and Williams syndrome (WS) on a standardized measure to determine whether a standard pragmatics tool can differentiate between 2 groups of children with opposing social presentations and pragmatic language difficulties.

Method
Twenty-two parents of school-age children with ASD, 21 parents of school-age children with WS, and 19 parents of school-age typically developing children rated their child on the Children’s Communication Checklist—Second Edition (CCC–2; D. Bishop, 2003), a standardized pragmatic language assessment tool.

Results
Both clinical groups demonstrated impairment in overall communication and pragmatic language functioning, but children with WS performed significantly better on overall pragmatic language functioning, and the magnitude of the effect was medium. Profile examination revealed equivalent performances between ASD and WS on most CCC–2 subscales; however, significantly better performances on the Coherence, Stereotyped Language, Nonverbal Communication, and Social Relations subscales were observed in WS.

Conclusions
The CCC–2 appears to provide an effective means to identify and characterize pragmatic language difficulties using a standardized approach in children with ASD and WS.
A Preliminary Examination of Vocabulary and Word Learning in African American Toddlers From Middle and Low Socioeconomic Status Homes
Authors: Horton-Ikard RaMonda , Ellis Weismer Susan 
Published: October 2007

Purpose
This study examined the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on the early lexical performance of African American children.

Method

Thirty African American toddlers (30 to 40 months old) from low-SES (
n
= 15) and middle-SES (
n
= 15) backgrounds participated in the study. Their lexical-semantic performance was examined on 2 norm-referenced standardized tests of vocabulary, a measure of lexical diversity (number of different words) derived from language samples, and a fast mapping task that examined novel word learning.

Results
Toddlers from low-SES homes performed significantly poorer than those from middle-SES homes on standardized receptive and expressive vocabulary tests and on the number of different words used in spontaneous speech. No significant SES group differences were observed in their ability to learn novel word meanings on a fast mapping task.

Conclusion
The influence of socioeconomic background on African American children’s lexical semantic tasks varies with the type of measure used.
A phylogenetic evaluation of Leandra (Miconieae, Melastomataceae): a polyphyletic genus where the seeds tell the story, not the petals
Authors: Martin Claire V. , Little Damon P. , Goldenberg Renato , Michelangeli Fabián A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMelastomataceae is a tropical family of 4500–5000 species divided into nine tribes. The largest tribe, Miconieae, is composed of approximately 2200 species in 30 genera and is found exclusively in the Neotropics. Previous phylogenetic analyses of the Miconieae have suggested that many of the genera are derived from a paraphyletic Miconia. However, these analyses only included six species of the large genus Leandra, so its phylogenetic affinities remained unclear. As currently defined Leandra is characterized by acute petals and terminal inflorescences, but some species of Miconia, Clidemia and Ossaea also have these characters. In this study, we present an analysis of nrITS sequence data for a sample of 63 species of Leandra. The genus is clearly resolved as polyphyletic, but some distinct and well‐supported clades exist. Some of these partially correspond to sections recognized in the nineteenth century by Cogniaux, or to geographic distribution. The distribution of seed structure characters is better correlated with the phylogeny than traditional characters, such as petal morphology. Seed appendages in Leandra have evolved independently at least four times.© The Willi Hennig Society 2007.
Assessing the proposed association between tooth agenesis and taurodontism in 975 paediatric subjects
Authors: CALVANO KÜCHLER ERIKA , DE ANDRADE RISSO PATRÍCIA , DE CASTRO COSTA MARCELO , MODESTO ADRIANA , REZENDE VIEIRA ALEXANDRE 
Published: October 2007

Background.  An association between tooth agenesis and taurodontism has been suggested. The identification of subpopulations with specific associated dental anomalies (subphenotype) would allow testing of the specific hypothesis that certain genetic factors contribute to the specific subphenotype.Aim.  This work aims to assess a large cohort to verify if the association between tooth agenesis and taurodontism is present.Design.  Panoramic radiographs of 1002 patients were examined and 975 were used in this study. The presence of tooth agenesis and taurodontism was assessed in the study population.Results.  The frequency of tooth agenesis was 4.6% and the frequency of taurodontism was 1.6%. There were, however, no observations of concomitant tooth agenesis and taurodontism.Conclusions.  Our data do not support the hypothesis that isolated tooth agenesis is associated with isolated taurodontism.
Patterns of male reproductive success in a highly promiscuous whale species: the endangered North Atlantic right whale
Authors: FRASIER T. R. , HAMILTON P. K. , BROWN M. W. , CONGER L. A. , KNOWLTON A. R. , MARX M. K. , SLAY C. K. , KRAUS S. D. , WHITE B. N. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractParentage analyses of baleen whales are rare, and although mating systems have been hypothesized for some species, little data on realized male reproductive success are available and the patterns of male reproductive success have remained elusive for most species. Here we combine over 20 years of photo‐identification data with high‐resolution genetic data for the majority of individual North Atlantic right whales to assess paternity in this endangered species. There was significant skew in male reproductive success compared to what would be expected if mating was random (P < 0.001). The difference was due to an excess of males assigned zero paternities, a deficiency of males assigned one paternity, and an excess of males assigned as fathers for multiple calves. The variance in male reproductive success was high relative to other aquatically mating marine mammals, but was low relative to mammals where the mating system is based on resource‐ and/or mate‐defence polygyny. These results are consistent with previous data suggesting that the right whale mating system represents one of the most intense examples of sperm competition in mammals, but that sperm competition on its own does not allow for the same degree of polygyny as systems where males can control access to resources and/or mates. The age distribution of assigned fathers was significantly biased towards older males (P < 0.05), with males not obtaining their first paternity until ~15 years of age, which is almost twice the average age of first fertilization in females (8 years), suggesting that mate competition is preventing younger males from reproducing. The uneven distribution of paternities results in a lower effective population size in this species that already has one of the lowest reported levels of genetic diversity, which may further inhibit reproductive success through mate incompatibility of genetically similar individuals.
Convergence in a thermally softened thick crust: Variscan intracontinental tectonics in Iberian plate rocks
Authors: Llana‐Fúnez Sergio , Marcos Alberto 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe subduction phase in the development of the Variscan Orogen in SW Europe was followed by an extended period of ‘intracontinental’ tectonics. The progressive temperature rise in the hinterland during plate convergence was accompanied by widespread partial melting in the lower crust and the nucleation of kilometric buckle folds and crustal‐scale shear zones in the stronger upper crust. Thermal mechanical weakening in the core of the orogen was contemporaneous with shortening and thickening in the foreland fold‐and‐thrust belt. We evaluate lithospheric strength profiles in the hinterland and foreland based on the metamorphic and structural record for three tectonic stages. We find that lower crustal strength varied in space as well as in time during orogenesis. Strength contrasts between the foreland and the hot hinterland during convergence may have led to the additional indentation of the foreland into the hinterland of the Ibero‐Armorican Arc.
The Hospitalet gneiss dome (Pyrenees) revisited: lateral flow during Variscan transpression in the middle crust
Authors: Denèle Yoann , Olivier Philippe , Gleizes Gérard , Barbey Pierre 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA new structural and kinematic study of the Hospitalet dome (Pyrenees) is presented. This dome corresponds to the eastern half of an EW‐trending antiformal structure made of an orthogneissic core intruded by granitoids, partly covered by Upper Proterozoic to Lower Ordovician metapelites. Its Variscan evolution can be split into four stages: (i) development of a strong high temperature pervasive deformation associated with subhorizontal foliations and lineations, and with non‐coaxial top‐to‐the‐east kinematics; (ii) formation of a south‐verging overturned megafold; (iii) emplacement of calc‐alkaline granitoids; and (iv) formation of mylonitic bands on the southern border of the dome, with reverse dextral kinematics. The flat lying pervasive high‐T deformation is interpreted as a large lateral flow developed in a dextral transpressive regime inducing an important uncoupling between the middle and upper crusts. The next stages happened in a progressive deformation in the same transpressive regime.
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting of endogenous promoters induces DNA methylation, but not necessarily gene silencing, in rice
Authors: Okano Yosuke , Miki Daisuke , Shimamoto Ko 
Published: October 2007

SummaryRecent evidence indicates that small interfering RNA (siRNA) induces chromatin modifications and inactivation at homologous genomic sequences. A large number of endogenous siRNAs have been discovered that correspond to widely dispersed regions of the genome. We used an experimental system in which transgene‐derived siRNAs target promoter regions in rice to determine whether or not siRNAs induce chromatin modifications that result in inactivation. Our results indicate that siRNAs targeted to one transgene and seven endogenous genes induce DNA methylation at all of the target promoters, but do not induce transcriptional suppression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays indicate that reduced euchromatic histone modifications were concomitant with the silencing of one endogenous gene, but not of six other endogenous genes that were not silenced. Furthermore, heterchromatic H3K9me2 was higher only in the promoter of the transgene that was completely silenced. These findings lead us to assume that siRNA rarely induces chromatin inactivation or changes in pattern of histone modification, especially H3K9 methylation, within most regions of the genome.
STAT1 gene variations, IgE regulation and atopy
Authors: Pinto L. A. , Steudemann L. , Depner M. , Klopp N. , Illig T. , Weiland S. K. , Von Mutius E. , Kabesch M. 
Published: October 2007

Background:  Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), an intracellular signal transducer and activator of transcription centrally involved in many inflammatory pathways, was recently suggested to play an important role in allergy related immune responses.Aim:  Thus, we investigated the effect of polymorphisms in the STAT1 gene on the development of atopic sensitization and allergic diseases.Methods:  Haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously described in the STAT1 gene were genotyped by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry technology in a cross‐sectional study population of 3099 German children recruited and phenotyped by the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood, phase II (ISAAC II). Effects of single SNPs and haplotypes were studied using SAS/Genetics and Haploview.Results:  The polymorphism C39134A (rs3771300), located in a potentially cis acting regulatory element in STAT1 intron 24, was inversely related to atopy measured by skin prick test, total and specific serum IgE levels while no effect on atopic disease risk was observed.Conclusion:  Our results indicate that STAT1 SNP C39134A may protect from atopic sensitization. Because of its location in a highly conserved noncoding sequence near a putative GATA3 binding site, this polymorphism represents an interesting target for further studies.
Usefulness of intradermal test and patch test in the diagnosis of nonimmediate reactions to metamizol
Authors: Macías E. , Ruiz A. , Moreno E. , Laffond E. , Dávila I. , Lorente F. 
Published: October 2007

Background: Metamizole is a pyrazolone derivative, and its most common reactions are IgE‐mediated reaction and idiosyncratic reactions. Non‐immediate reactions are poorly described and there are very few reports on non‐immediate reactions to pyrazolones.Materials and methods: We evaluated 12 patients (nine men) who consulted for a non‐immediate reaction after metamizol administration. We performed cutaneous tests (skin prick tests and immediate and delayed intradermal tests) and epicutaneous tests, and, if necessary, an oral challenge test.Results: All skin prick and intradermal tests, if necessary, were negative in immediate reading. Delayed intradermal tests were positive in six of 10 patients (60%) and epicutaneous tests were positive in four of 11 patients (36%). Three cases (25%), were diagnosed by a positive oral challenge test.Discussion: Delayed‐reading intradermal tests and patch tests are useful tools in the diagnosis of nonimmediate reactions to pyrazolones and should be considered the first step when evaluating these type of reactions. Intradermal test appears to be more sensitive than patch test. The positivity of skin tests suggests an immunological reaction, probably mediated by T lymphocytes, but further studies are required.
Regulation of allergen‐induced bone marrow eosinophilopoiesis: role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells
Authors: Rådinger M. , Bossios A. , Alm A.‐S. , Jeurink P. , Lu Y. , Malmhäll C. , Sjöstrand M. , Lötvall J. 
Published: October 2007

Background:  The mechanisms of the distant stimulation of the bone marrow (BM) after airway allergen exposure remain largely obscure. T cells have been implicated in allergic airway inflammation but their role in allergen‐induced BM eosinophilopoiesis is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in allergen‐induced BM eosinophilopoiesis.Methods:  Ovalbumin (OVA)‐sensitized wild type (WT), CD4 knockout (CD4−/−) and CD8 knockout (CD8−/−) mice were exposed intranasally to OVA or saline. Bromo‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to label newly produced cells. Bone marrow, blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were sampled 24 h after the final exposure. Immunostaining for newly produced eosinophils (i.e. BrdU+/MBP+) and BM eosinophil progenitor [CD34+/CD45+/interleukin‐5 (IL‐5)Ralpha+] cells was performed.Results:  The number of newly produced BM eosinophils (BrdU+/MBP+ cells) was significantly reduced in allergen exposed CD4−/− or CD8−/− mice compared with allergen exposed WT mice, which was followed by a subsequent decrease in newly produced blood and airway eosinophils. Furthermore, BM eosinophil progenitors were significantly reduced in allergen exposed CD4−/− and CD8−/− mice compared with WT mice. Finally, serum IL‐5 and Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eotaxin‐2 levels were abolished in allergen exposed CD4−/− mice to levels seen in saline exposed WT mice.Conclusions:  These data suggests that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells have a regulatory role in allergen‐induced BM eosinophilopoiesis, whereas CD4+ T cells are obligatory for allergen‐induced airway eosinophilia. The subsequent traffic of eosinophils to the airways is likely to be at least partly regulated by a CD4+ T‐cell‐dependent local airway eotaxin‐2 production.
A loose‐fit coculture of activated keratinocytes and dendritic cell‐related cells for prediction of sensitizing potential
Authors: Schreiner M. , Peiser M. , Briechle D. , Stahlmann R. , Zuberbier T. , Wanner R. 
Published: October 2007

Protection against contact allergy begins with the collection of reliable data about the sensitizing potential of chemicals. Today, the local lymph node assay (LLNA) in mice is widely used to identify sensitizing substances. For several reasons, an in vitro assay could be preferable to animal experiments. We propose an in vitro test for the detection of a sensitizing potential of a chemical composed of a single layer of human nondifferentiating keratinocytes and of allogenic floating monocytes which are cocultured in serum‐free medium in the presence of a cytokine cocktail. Within days, the coculture develops to an allergen‐ sensitive system consisting of activated keratinocytes and of mobile dendritic cell‐related cells (DC‐related cell). The sensitizing potential can be determined by analyzing the expression of the dendritic cell maturation marker CD86. For the model contact allergens tested so far [trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), phenylendiamine, and 4‐aminoacetanilide], the strength of the reaction was in concordance with results from the LLNA. Sensitivity of the assay allowed testing at concentrations without general cytotoxicity. Thus, a differentiation between allergens and irritants was possible. Regarding cytokine secretion, the assay distinguished between the allergen TNBS and the Toll‐like receptor ligand lipopolysaccharide. The coculture can be set up from cryopreserved cells. The assay is easy to perform and reproducible. Donor‐variance is negligible. This in vitro assay based on a loose‐fit coculture is a reasonable approach to screen for the sensitizing potential of xenobiotics and might partially replace the LLNA and other animal tests.
Seasonal trends in house dust mite allergen in children’s beds over a 7‐year period
Authors: Crisafulli D. , Almqvist C. , Marks G. , Tovey E. 
Published: October 2007

Background:  House dust mite (HDM) allergy is closely linked to the expression of asthma and other allergic diseases. Understanding factors influencing variation in allergen may help in controlling allergic disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of seasonal changes in climate, type of bed used in very early childhood and anti‐mite interventions on HDM allergen concentration.Methods:  Participants were enrolled in a randomized‐controlled trial of HDM avoidance. Der p 1 was measured in dust samples from children’s beds on 13 occasions, from birth to age 5 years, between 1997 and 2004. Bed types were categorized as bassinette, cot or bed. The effects of study month, type of bed and intervention group on HDM allergen concentration were estimated by multiple linear regression. The relation between climatic variables and HDM allergen concentration was investigated using a polynomial distributed lag model.Results:  House dust mite allergen concentrations were initially low in cots and bassinettes in 1997/1998, peaked in bassinettes and beds between 1999 and 2001 and then slowly declined during the period 2002/2004. Seasonal fluctuations occurred with minima in summer and two‐ to threefold higher maxima during late autumn. Allergen peaks were correlated with relative humidity peaks 2 months previously. Seasonal changes in allergen were not affected by the HDM avoidance intervention.Conclusions:  House dust mite allergen concentrations in Sydney beds fluctuate approximately two‐ to threefold on an annual cycle, partly determined by relative humidity, with peaks in late autumn and minima in summer. Fluctuations of this magnitude might be sufficient to influence asthma symptoms.