bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of IQ scores and school achievement with suicide in a 40‐year follow‐up of a Swedish cohort
Authors: Andersson L. , Allebeck P. , Gustafsson J‐E. , Gunnell D. 
Published: March 2008

Objective:  Few studies have investigated the association of childhood IQ and school achievement with suicide. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of childhood IQ with suicide in a cohort of Swedish women and men.Method:  21 809 subjects born in 1948 and 1953 who completed IQ and school tests at age 13 years have been followed until 2003. Information on paternal education and in‐patient care for psychosis was linked using the Swedish personal identification number.Results:  There were 180 suicides amongst subjects with measured IQ. High IQ was associated with reduced suicide risk among men (OR per unit increase in age‐adjusted model 0.90, 95% CI 0.83–0.99), while there was no statistical evidence of an association in women (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.90–1.20). Among men with a history of psychosis, high IQ was associated with an increased risk of suicide.Conclusion:  Low childhood IQ at age 13 years is associated with an increased risk of suicide in men but not in women; however, amongst those with psychosis, low IQ appears to be protective.
Clinical relevance of soluble HLA class I molecules in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Moreau Anne‐Sophie , Sebti Yasmine , Duhamel Alain , Roccaro Aldo M. , Coiteux Valérie , Gastinne Thomas , Friec Gaëlle Le , Burwick Nicholas , Amiot Laurence , Ho Allen W. , Poulain Stephanie , Hennache Bernadette , Hunter Zachary R. , Dessaint Jean‐Paul , Ghobrial Irene M. , Treon Steven P. , Facon Thierry , Zorn Emmanuel , Leleu Xavier 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjectives:  Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B‐cell neoplasm characterised by secretion of IgM by lymphoplasmacytic bone marrow cells and by cytopenias and hypogammaglobulinemia in a subset of patients. Beta‐2 microglobulin (b2m) is a major prognostic factor in WM and the heavy chain of HLA class I molecules, which are known to have immunosuppressive properties and have been implicated in the pathogeny of several malignancies.Methods:  We assessed the serum levels of the total soluble HLA‐I molecules and the HLA‐Gs molecules in 105 patients with IgM‐related disorders [WM (n = 42) and IgM MGUS (n = 63)], and compared the results to 41 healthy subjects.Results:  We found higher levels of HLA‐Is in WM, compared to IgM MGUS and healthy donors. HLA‐Gs levels were similar in WM and in IgM MGUS, but higher than in healthy donors. The association between HLA‐Is at the cut‐off of 1.8 μg/mL and known markers of poor prognosis was then evaluated among WM patients using univariate and multivariate methods. Based on this, high HLA‐Is level was strongly associated with high serum β2M level >3 mg/L [OR = 2, (CI 95% 1.1–5.7); P = 0.04], age > 65 yrs [OR = 1.5, (CI 95% 0.5–4.1), P = 0.06] and haemoglobin ≤11.5 g/dL [OR = 3.3, (CI 95% 1.2–9.7); P = 0.03]. High levels of serum HLA‐Is were also found in patients with cryoglobulinemia, however irrespectively of WM or IgM‐MGUS status.Conclusion:  Together our results suggest a possible role for soluble MHC class I molecules in WM disease. Further investigations are necessary to further demonstrate the prognostic impact of soluble MHC class I molecules in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia.
CNOP (mitoxantrone) chemotherapy is inferior to CHOP (doxorubicin) in the treatment of patients with aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (meta‐analysis)
Authors: Magnus Björkholm , Tomas Andersson , Anders Ahlbom , Eva Ösby 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMitoxantrone has a broad anti‐tumour activity including lymphoma with potentially less cardiotoxicity than doxorubicin, which may be of particular importance in elderly patients. However, an important issue is whether mitoxantrone is as efficacious as doxorubicin in the treatment of aggressive lymphomas. Through search of several relevant databases and contacts with lymphoma investigators worldwide, we identified nine randomised studies of previously untreated patients comparing CHOP and CNOP chemotherapy in aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Five trials were included where doxorubicin (50 mg/m2) was compared with mitoxantrone (10–12 mg/m2) and the interval between chemotherapy courses was 3–4 wk. In none of these trials rituximab was used. Odds ratios of complete remission (CR) were pooled using a fixed effects model, and odds ratios of overall survival (OS) were pooled using a random effects model. CNOP was significantly inferior to CHOP with regard to CR rate. CNOP was also inferior, but not significantly to CHOP with regard to OS. No formal testing of side effects could be made. However, the two regimens were equally myelosuppressive. Clinical evidence of symptomatic congestive heart disease was not more frequent among patients treated with CHOP. However, gastrointestinal toxicities and alopecia were more common in this group. CHOP chemotherapy is more efficacious than CNOP at equitoxic (myelosuppression) doses. CHOP is, however, associated with more alopecia and gastrointestinal toxicity.
Staphylokinase reduces plasmin formation by endogenous plasminogen activators
Authors: Jin Tao , Bokarewa Maria , Zhu Yihong , Tarkowski Andrej 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHyperfibrinolysis is a consequence of imbalance between fibrinolytic activators and their inhibitors. Increased levels of circulating plasminogen (Plg) activators such as tissue‐ or urokinase‐type plasminogen activators (tPA or uPA respectively) are the most common causes of hyperfibrinolysis, occasionally causing major hemorrhages. We found that staphylokinase (SAK), a well‐known Plg activator of bacterial origin, inhibits Plg activation mediated by endogenous tPA and uPA. Furthermore, mixture of SAK with tPA led to a significantly reduced Plg‐dependent fibrinolysis. This inhibitory effect was exerted through direct action of SAK on Plg rather than indirectly on tPA or uPA. Inhibition of Plg activation by SAK is readily abrogated by interaction of SAK with human neutrophil peptides (HNPs). Finally, we show that NH2‐terminal residues of SAK are important for the inhibitory effect of SAK on tPA‐ and uPA‐mediated Plg activation. In conclusion, SAK reduces tPA/uPA‐mediated Plg activation by means of SAK.Plg complex formation, consequently downregulating tPA/uPA‐induced fibrinolysis.
Risk factors associated with surgical site infection and the development of short‐term complications in macaques undergoing indwelling vascular access port placement
Authors: Graham M.L. , Rieke E.F. , Wijkstrom M. , Dunning M. , Aasheim T.C. , Graczyk M.J. , Pilon K.J. , Hering B.J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground Risk factors associated with surgical site infection (SSI) and the development of short‐term complications in macaques undergoing vascular access port (VAP) placement are evaluated in this study.Methods Records from 80 macaques with VAPs were retrospectively reviewed. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with short‐term post‐operative complications.Results The primary outcome was SSI, which occurred in 21.6% (52.6% in the first 12 months vs. 13% thereafter) of procedures. SSI was associated with major secondary complications including VAP removal (11.4%), wound dehiscence (5.7%), and mechanical catheter occlusion (5.7%). In multivariate modeling, only surgical program progress was a statistically significant predictor of SSI, while animal compliance had a slightly protective effect.Conclusions Vascular access ports have a moderate risk of complications, provided the surgical program optimizes best practices. Under complex experimental conditions, VAPs represent an important refinement, both improving animals’ overall well‐being and environment and reducing stress.
Scripts and Counterscripts. The Life and Death of Julien Sorel in Stendhal's Le rouge et le noir
Authors: Brady Valentini Papadopoulou 
Published: March 2008

Critical writings on and interpretations of Stendhal's famous novel and of his young hero Julien Sorel are of the most voluminous in French literature. Much has been said about the reasons, conscious and unconscious, for Julien's behavior, the nature of his love for the two women in his life, the social as well as personal aspects of his struggle for success and recognition in a society to which he does not belong, and the revenge of that society because he transgressed its laws. The ending of the novel in particular (that is the hero's apparently incomprehensible decision first to shoot Mme de Rênal, then, in spite of finding happiness with her in his prison cell, to seek and obtain the death penalty for himself and refuse to ask for a pardon) has left many critics baffled. It is frequently seen as an enigma impossible to explain, or as the main weakness of the novel's psychological and structural integrity, or even as not needing an explanation at all, because Stendhal was simply reconstituting a real‐life story (real life does not need to be explained, it just is), or because opacity of meaning is often a sign of great works of literature.After a review of the main interpretations that have been offered, this essay will attempt to offer a new one, which will focus primarily on a hypothesis aiming to clarify the enigma of the hero's final behavior, i.e. offer a psychological ‘‘coherence’’ of the novel, if not a formal one. So the aim of this essay will be to attempt to throw more light, or perhaps a different light, on the reasons why Julien feels and acts the way he does, from the moment we see him perched up on a beam in his father's sawmill reading Napoleon's memoirs to the day of his execution. It is hoped that this re‐reading, with continuous and close reference to the text, may resolve the enigma of the ending and provide an explanation for the widely admitted ‘‘incomprehensible’’ behavior of Julien. I hope to demonstrate by the end that the hero's behavior is in fact quite comprehensible. In attempting to understand the why, the essay is guided by a specific approach to psychoanalysis called Transactional Analysis, a branch of social psychiatry developed in the United States by Eric Berne in the fifties and sixties.
Isidore Ducasse précurseur d'Odilon Redon. L'hypotypose en noir et blanc
Authors: Metzidakis Stamos , Sureau Eloïse 
Published: March 2008

La figure de l'hypotypose, omniprésente dans Les chants de Maldoror, procure à la narration une visualité prépondérante. Des monstres en tous les genres se succèdent. La découpe en chant, ainsi que la division en strophes au cœur de chaque chant, participent à la création de tableaux.Si les Chants restent à ce jour peu étudiés, la violence des scènes présentées en constitue sans doute l'une des raisons majeures. Par ailleurs, les Chants de Maldoror sont en noir et blanc, renforçant l'angoisse. Les images décrites se relayent, taches blanches sur fond noir, ou empreintes noires sur fond éblouissant. Une narration amphibolique accompagnant des images déroutantes et dégoûtantes rapprochent les Chants de la peinture symboliste de la fin de siècle, en particulier celles d'Odilon Redon. Cet essai dévoilera un lien entre les Chants de Maldoror (1869) et certains tableaux symbolistes de la fin du siècle, en particulier les Noirs d'Odilon Redon pour placer ce dernier, grâce à l’étude de certains motifs choisis, comme héritier des images visuelles dérangeantes que l'on trouve à foison dans les Chants.
Voir, c'est saisir spontanément les rapports des choses. (Redon 2000, 48)
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Superficial Implantation in Pigs Is Associated with Decreased Numbers and Redistribution of Endometrial NK‐Cell Populations
Authors: Dimova Tanya , Mihaylova Anastassia , Spassova Petia , Georgieva Rayna 
Published: March 2008

Problem We evaluated implantation‐associated quantitative changes in endometrial and peripheral natural killer (NK)‐cell populations of pigs.Method of study Natural killer cell populations were investigated in 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 days pregnant and non‐pregnant (NP) sows by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and morphometry.Results The number of endometrial CD16+ NK cells significantly declined at attachment phase of implantation and remained relatively low over the course of implantation. The CD16+ NK cells in situ showed implantation‐phase dependent density and localization. Prior to implantation, they substantially resided in the subepithelial stroma. As implantation advances, the density of NK cells into subepithelial stroma decreased while that of NK cells into glandular layer increased, suggesting implantation‐induced re‐location far from the attached conceptus. The number of CD56+ lymphocytes was the greatest at pre‐attachment phase of implantation, dropped at the time of attachment and increased up to end of early pregnancy period. The CD3− CD8+ NK‐cell number decreased significantly when the definitive placenta is established. No significant differences in the numbers of peripheral blood CD16+, CD56+ and CD3− CD8+ NK cells between pregnant and NP animals as well as relative to the implantation phase were observed.Conclusion Superficial and adeciduate implantation of pigs is associated with decreased numbers of endometrial NK‐cell populations and specific spatiotemporal profile of classical NK cells.
ANASE: Measuring Aircraft Noise Annoyance Very Unreliably
Authors: Brooker Peter 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Does anyone who lives under a flight-path like aircraft noise? It is a political hot potato as well as a peace-destroyer. Tens of thousands of people will hear the noise from any third runway at Heathrow. So, when a study commissioned by the government claimed that people are becoming less tolerant of aircraft noise, it made highly unpleasant reading for supporters of a third runway. But the Department for Transport rejected the report as unreliable. Peter Brooker senses the vibrations.
A century ofT-tests
Authors: Senn Stephen 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOne hundred years ago, an author under the pseudonym of “Student” published a paper which was to become famous. It was entitled “The probable error of a mean”. But what we now know as Student's t-test attracted little attention. It took another statistician of genius, R. A. Fisher, to amend, publicise and make it ubiquitous. But both Student's and Fisher's published versions were based upon faulty data. Stephen Senn reminds us of the third dedicated researcher and the quarter of a century delay before the story behind Student's t-test emerged.
The relationships between oral status, physical and mental health, nutritional status and diet type in elderly Japanese women with dementia
Authors: Sadamori Shinsuke , Hayashi Syouji , Hamada Taizo 
Published: March 2008

Objectives:  To suggest methods for maintaining an adequate nutritional status for elderly patients with dementia by evaluating the relationships between oral status, physical and mental health, and feeding conditions.Background:  Feeding difficulties in dementia patients are related to food intake, and failure to eat may be associated with weight loss in long‐term care facilities. The relationship between compromised oral function and diet is still unclear.Materials and methods:  A cross‐sectional study of 94 elderly women with dementia (mean age 89.6 ± 5.6 years) from a nursing home was undertaken to investigate their oral, physical and mental and nutritional status.Results:  There were significant differences in serum albumin (p = 0.0284), N‐ADL (p = 0.0005), NM scale (p = 0.0004) and HDS‐R (p = 0.0004) between denture wearers and non‐denture wearers. However, there were no significant differences in body mass index between denture wearers and non‐denture wearers.Conclusion:  A suitable type of diet and assistance with feeding could maintain the nutritional status of elderly patients with dementia if they are still feeding themselves. The nutritional support team will benefit from the participation of a dentist.
Assessment of health‐related quality of life and patient benefit as outcome measures for clinical trials in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: NOWAK Anna K , CEBON Jonathan , HARGREAVES Carol , DHILLON Haryana , FINDLAY Michael , GEBSKI Val , STOCKLER Martin R 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAim:  The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility and validity of using health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and patient benefit as outcome measures in a phase II trial of octreotide long acting release (LAR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); and, to determine aspects of HRQL that were most impaired and aspects that changed.Methods:  Sixty‐three patients with advanced HCC were treated with octreotide LAR. HRQL was assessed monthly with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Hepatobiliary Questionnaire (FACT‐Hep) and the Patient Disease and Treatment Assessment Form (Patient DATA Form). Benefit was assessed directly by asking subjects at 1 month about change from baseline using the Patient Benefit Form. Convergent, discriminative and predictive validity were assessed by testing a priori hypotheses.Results:  Seventy‐three percent completed a baseline assessment of HRQL. Compliance decreased over time. Fatigue, energy, anxiety, pain, insomnia, and emotional well‐being were the most impaired aspects of HRQL on the Patient DATA Form. Convergent validity was supported by 52 of 57 hypothesized correlations. Predictive validity was supported by associations between survival and four aspects of HRQL. Patients' direct assessments of benefit for common symptoms were moderately associated with changes in their scores on the Patient DATA Form.Conclusion:  Use of the FACT Hep and Patient DATA Form is feasible in trials of advanced HCC. The validity of the direct measure of patient benefit was questionable, despite its intuitive attraction. Fatigue, anxiety, insomnia, and impaired emotional well‐being were prominent, are probably under‐recognized in practice, and are worthy of future research.
Pre‐treatment with anastrozole may be the optimal treatment sequence with radiotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: GRAHAM Peter H , FANG Zhi‐Ming , CLARKE Raymond A 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro effect of sequencing of irradiation and anastrozole on MCF‐7aro breast cancer cell line proliferation. Adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer is often delayed until after completion of radiotherapy because of the potential inhibition of radiation cytotoxicity and normal tissue radiation effects. Aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole are now indicated as the first‐line adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women, but there are little data regarding the optimum sequencing order of radiotherapy and aromatase inhibitors.Methods:  Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction we confirmed the aromatase gene expression for MCF‐7aro cells. Comprehensive dose–response curves for MCF‐7aro were established for anastrozole and ionizing radiation (IR). Cell proliferation and colony survival were assayed for a 2 Gy fraction of IR administered either before or during incubation with 1.4 μmol/L anastrozole.Results:  Compared to radiation alone, the relative day 7 cell proliferation with anastrozole exposure commenced before radiation exposure is 0.59 (95% CI 0.51–0.67) versus anastrozole exposure commenced after radiation exposure, which is 0.83 (95% CI 0.69–0.96), rank sum P = 0.007. Colony survival assays also support the possibility that pre‐radiation anastrozole treatment enhances the effects of irradiation. There was no evidence of radiation resistance as a result of pre‐radiation treatment with anastrozole.Conclusion:  The initiation of anastrozole before irradiation may enhance radiosensitivity and local control for adjuvant breast irradiation.
Attitudes of advanced Australian medical oncology trainees to rural practice
Authors: FRANCIS Heather Marion , CLARKE Kerrie A , STEER Christopher B , FRANCIS Jillian J , UNDERHILL Craig R 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAim:  To identify the views of medical oncology trainees regarding rural training posts and rural practice overall, and to identify factors that may improve recruitment.Methods:  A questionnaire was posted to all advanced oncology trainees in Australia in June 2006. The trainees were questioned on the perceived advantages and disadvantages of rural practice, their experience during previous rural rotations and potential incentives and barriers in recruiting trainees and specialist oncologists to regional and rural centers.Results:  There was a 60% response rate. Of all participants 58% had considered rural practice. Those with a rural family background were more likely to have considered rural practice. Attitudes based on responses to listed disadvantages and advantages of rural practice were heterogenous. Lifestyle factors seemed to be of particular importance. Although there were perceived deficiencies in opportunities for professional education in rural oncology rotations, 94% felt their rotation had been a positive experience overall and 62% were more likely to consider a rural career following their rural rotation. Improving locum cover for leave was seen as a potential incentive by 97% trainees.Conclusion:  Despite positive attitudes towards rural practice, many barriers exist preventing recruitment of medical oncology trainees to rural areas, in particular lifestyle factors that are difficult to modify. Factors that can be improved include improving access to clinical trials, enabling access to locum cover. Educational opportunities for current rural trainees need to be improved. Further study into potential incentives to enhance rural recruitment is required.
In Pursuit of a Singular Text: New Testament Textual Criticism and the Desire for the True Original
Authors: Knust Jennifer Wright 
Published: March 2008

Abstract‘In Pursuit of a Singular Text’ surveys developments in the field of New Testament textual criticism, exploring the underlying desire for a transcendent text that informs this work. In the nineteenth century, New Testament text critics and their rivals, defenders of a traditional or Byzantine Greek text, set out to restore the original and, therefore, true text of the New Testament. Identifying the original with long‐lost autograph copies and assuming that a fixed, standardized text must form the basis of Christian faith, these scholars reinforced culturally specific notions of true text in order to restore the link between diverse, particular manifestations of text and the sacred, abstracted text of the New Testament. Yet, worries about textual corruption and claims about the necessity of correction are not exceptional or new, they are fundamental to the maintenance of a belief in a stable textual ground upon which interpretive claims can be legitimately based.
On the History and Future of Sociolinguistic Data
Authors: Kendall Tyler 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRecordings of natural speech play a central role in the diverse subdisciplines of linguistics. The reliance on speech recordings is especially profound in sociolinguistics, where scholars have developed a range of techniques for eliciting and analyzing natural speech. However, sociolinguists have rarely focused explicitly on the storage, management, and preservation of their data – the interfaces to their data – and this lack of focus has had consequences for the advancement of the field. In this essay, I briefly review the history of data‐management practices within sociolinguistics, insofar as these practices have been discussed in the literature. I then propose new ways to consider and approach natural speech recordings as data for sociolinguistic analysis and provide examples from the North Carolina Sociolinguistic Archive and Analysis Project, a Web‐based digitization and preservation project, to highlight the analytical as well as theoretical benefits of more rigorous considerations of ‘data’ within sociolinguistics.