bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed Emergence, Stem Distortion, Stunting, and Foliar Symptoms Associated with Tobacco Rattle Virus and Paratrichodorus Allius in Potatoes Grown in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Gieck Stacy L. , David Nicholas L. , Hamm Philip B. , Crosslin James M. , Ingham Russell E. 
Published: October 2007

This is the first report of stunting, stem distortion, delayed emergence and foliar TRV symptoms on potato in the Pacific Northwest where approximately 50% of the US potato crop is grown. The shift in use from 1,3 dichloropropene to oxamyl may suggest these symptoms will be more frequently observed in the future. Accepted for publication 19 May 2007. Published 17 September 2007.
Comparative Susceptibility of Plants Native to the Appalachian Range of the United States to Inoculation with Phytophthora ramorum
Authors: Linderman Robert G. , de Sá Patricia B. , Davis E. Anne 
Published: October 2007

Phytophthora ramorum, cause of sudden oak death of trees or ramorum blight of other plant species, has an ever-increasing host range. Some geographic regions are considered to be at high risk of becoming infested with the pathogen, possibly causing plant mortality such as seen in native habitats of California and Oregon. One such region is the Appalachian range of the eastern United States, where known susceptible plants occur and climatic characteristics appear favorable for infections by this pathogen. We collected foliage of a range of plant species native to Appalachia in Kentucky during two summer seasons, and the foliage was shipped to Oregon for inoculation with P. ramorum to determine relative susceptibility. Leaves were needle-wounded and inoculated with either mycelium agar plugs or sporangia of a North American (A2 mating type) or European (A1 mating type) isolate. After 14 days incubation at 20°C in moist boxes, lesions caused by either inoculum type or isolate generally were comparable using digital photos and ASSESS software. Some genera, species, and cultivars within species were highly susceptible, while others were moderately susceptible or not susceptible. These results provide a basis for regional surveyors to select target hosts and to generate survey and management practices for nursery and forest areas. Accepted for publication 24 April 2007. Published 17 September 2007.
Occurrence of Asian Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi in Mississippi
Authors: Li S. , Moore W. F. , Spinks B. L. , Wells B. C. , Sciumbato G. L. , Robinson S. J. , Libous-Bailey L. 
Published: October 2007

Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow is one of the most destructive diseases of soybean. The first detection of ASR in Mississippi on soybean was in Adams Co. on 16 November 2004. As of November 2006, ASR was found in Claiborne, George, Issaquena, Jackson, Jefferson, Lee, Warren, Washington, and Yazoo counties in 20 locations. Accepted for publication 22 May 2007. Published 17 September 2007.
Impact of Soybean Planting Date on Soil Population Density of Macrophomina phaseolina
Authors: Wrather J. A. , Shannon J. G. , Mengistu A. 
Published: October 2007

A field experiment was conducted during 2000-2003 near Portageville, MO to determine the affects of soybean planting date on the soil population density of Macrophomina phaseolina. The site was planted to cotton the previous 10 years. The planting dates were mid-April, mid-May, and mid-June during 2000-2003, and the cultivars FFR3975 and Asgrow 3834, maturity group 3, were very susceptible to M. phaseolina. Plots were in the same location each year. Soil samples from the top 15-cm soil layer were collected from plots during May 2000-2004 and analyzed for the population density of M. phaseolina. Planting date did not affect the soil population density of M. phaseolina, but the differences in soil population density among years were significant. These results suggest that soybean producers should not be concerned about planting date directly affecting M. phaseolina soil population densities. Accepted for publication 22 May 2007. Published 17 September 2007.
Reemergence of Goss's Wilt and Blight of Corn to the Central High Plains
Authors: Jackson Tamra A. , Harveson Robert M. , Vidaver Anne K. 
Published: October 2007

Goss's bacterial wilt and blight, also known as leaf freckles and wilt was first identified in Dawson Co. in south central Nebraska in 1969. The disease was soon identified in 54 Nebraska counties and six bordering states. Widespread development of symptoms in NE, WY, and CO early in the 2006 growing season led to submission of more than 50 samples to the UNL Panhandle Research and Extension Center's Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic in Scottsbluff, NE for analysis. Pathogen identification was made based on a combination of test results. Accepted for publication 5 April 2007. Published 19 September 2007.
Hosta virus X Detected in Kansas
Authors: Kennelly Megan M. , O'Mara Judith , Pierzynski Joy , Hilbert Bill , Appel Jon 
Published: October 2007

Hosta virus X (HVX) is a mechanically-spread Potexvirus that infects several species in the genus Hosta. The virus causes a variety of symptoms including color-streaking, mosaic, distortion, and necrosis, though some infected plants remain symptomless. To our knowledge, these are the first occurrences of HVX in Kansas. Accepted for publication 16 April 2007. Published 26 September 2007.
Expansion of the Range of Pierce's Disease in Virginia
Authors: Wallingford Anna K. , Tolin Sue A. , Myers Ashley L. , Wolf Tony K. , Smith Alson H. , Pfeiffer Douglas G. 
Published: October 2007

Pierce's disease (PD) is a vascular disease of grapes vectored by xylem-feeding sharpshooters and leading to vine decline, yield loss, and vine death. Recent warm winters have increased concerns about PD in Virginia. The authors conducted a survey of 31 Virginia vineyards in 21 counties for X. fastidiosa in late fall, 2006. The survey confirms X. fastidiosa in the northernmost vineyards sampled, and in some of the westernmost vineyards in Virginia. It is likely that all vineyards throughout the sampled area are at risk of PD. Accepted for publication 23 May 2007. Published 4 October 2007.
Phylogeny of Syllidae (Polychaeta) based on combined molecular analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial genes
Authors: Aguado M. Teresa , Nygren Arne , Siddall Mark E. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe phylogeny of Syllidae is assessed in a combined analysis of molecular data from nuclear 18S rDNA and mitochondrial 16S rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. In total, 103 terminal taxa are examined: 88 syllids in the four classical subfamilies Eusyllinae, Exogoninae, Syllinae and Autolytinae, as well as 15 outgroup taxa from Phyllodocida and Eunicida. Maximum parsimony analysis of the combined data set indicates that Syllidae, as currently delineated, is monophyletic, though not with very high support values. Astreptosyllis Kudenov & Dorsey, 1982, Streptosyllis Webster & Benedict, 1884 and SyllidesÖrsted, 1845 comprise a monophyletic group well differentiated from the rest of the Syllidae. The subfamilies Autolytinae and Syllinae are monophyletic. Exogoninae is monophyletic, although not well supported, and Eusyllinae is clearly paraphyletic. Results corroborate previous studies about the evolution of reproductive modes in that epigamy is the plesiomorphic condition and schizogamy appeared independently in Autolytinae and Syllinae.© The Willi Hennig Society 2007.
A first‐generation genetic linkage map of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis (L.) based on AFLP and microsatellite markers
Authors: Lallias D. , Beaumont A. R. , Haley C. S. , Boudry P. , Heurtebise S. , Lapègue S. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryThis study presents the first genetic linkage map for the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis. Two hundred and forty‐six AFLP and 20 microsatellite markers were genotyped in a three‐generation pedigree comprising two grandparents, two parents and 92 progeny. Chi‐square goodness‐of‐fit tests revealed high segregation distortion, which was significant for 32.8% of markers. Sixteen microsatellites and 235 AFLPs (170 type 1:1 AFLPs and 65 type 3:1 AFLPs) were used to build sex‐specific linkage maps using crimap software. The first parental map (P1) consisted of 104 markers grouped in nine linkage groups, and spanned 471.2 cM with an average spacing of 4.86 cM. The second parental map (P2) consisted of 117 markers grouped in 10 linkage groups (which equals the haploid chromosome number), and covered 450.0 cM with an average spacing of 4.21 cM. The estimated coverage of the genome was 82.4% for the P1 map and 84.2% for the P2 map. Eight linkage groups that were probably homologous between the two parents contained the same microsatellites and 3:1 AFLPs (segregating through both parents). Distorted markers were not randomly distributed across the genome and tended to cluster in a few linkage groups. Sex‐specific differences in recombination rates were evident. This first‐generation genetic linkage map for O. edulis represents a major step towards the mapping of QTL such as resistance to bonamiasis, a parasitosis that has drastically decreased populations of flat oysters since the 1960s.
An SNP in the goat CSN2 promoter region is associated with the absence of β‐casein in milk
Authors: Cosenza G. , Pauciullo A. , Colimoro L. , Mancusi A. , Rando A. , Di Berardino D. , Ramunno L. 
Published: October 2007

SummarySo far, at least eight alleles in the goat CSN2 locus have been associated with the level of β‐casein expression in milk. Alleles CSN2A, CSN2A1, CSN2B, CSN2C, CSN2D and CSN2E have been associated with normal content (allele effects of about 5 g of β‐casein per litre), whereas the CSN20 and CSN201 alleles have been associated with non‐detectable levels of β‐casein. Most of these alleles have been characterized genetically. Herein, we report the identification of a previously unreported SNP in the goat CSN2 promoter region (AJ011018:g.1311T>C), which is associated with the absence of β‐casein in the milk. Furthermore, we developed a PCR‐based method that allows detection of this mutation.
Genetic diversity within chicken populations from different continents and management histories
Authors: Granevitze Z. , Hillel J. , Chen G. H. , Cuc N. T. K. , Feldman M. , Eding H. , Weigend S. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryIntra‐population variation was assessed in 1970 chickens from 64 populations using 29 autosomal microsatellites. On average, 95% of the loci were polymorphic across populations. In 1456 (c. 83%) of the 1763 combinations of populations and polymorphic loci, no departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was observed. On average, there were 11.4 alleles per locus and 3.6 alleles per population across loci. Within populations, the average observed heterozygote frequency was 0.46, with a range between 0.20 and 0.64. Dagu, a Chinese population, and the Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus gallus) had the highest average heterozygote frequencies at 0.64 and 0.63 respectively. An inbred line used as a reference population for comparison showed the lowest average of observed heterozygote frequency (0.05), followed by the European population Hamburger Lackhuhn, whose average observed heterozygote frequency was 0.20. A total of 32 private alleles (alleles detected in only one population) for 20 loci were found in 18 populations. H'mong chickens, a Vietnamese population, carried the largest number of private alleles at five, followed by the Red Jungle Fowl with four private alleles. Genetic diversity within populations was low in the NW European fancy breeds and high in the non‐commercial Asian populations, in agreement with population management history.
Identifying native animals in crossbred populations: the case of the Sardinian goat population
Authors: Sechi T. , Usai M. G. , Miari S. , Mura L. , Casu Sara , Carta A. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryThe aim of this work was to develop a strategy for using a genetic analysis for identifying native animals in regions where local breeds have been crossed with improved breeds and then compare that strategy to the overall morphology and breeding histories of the herds for identifying these animals. The experiment included the Sardinian goat population, which is a crossbred of native animals with the Maltese breed. Whole herds were assigned to Maltese (five herds; 49 animals), crossbred (18 herds; 117 animals) or Sardinian (12 herds; 164 animals) groups. For the genetic analysis, genotypes of 22 microsatellites were determined on 330 animals, and basic measurements of genetic diversity were calculated. Genetic variability in the microsatellites was different in the three groups. High positive FIS showed that inbreeding existed in the subpopulations. The index of genetic differentiation, Nei's standard genetic distance and Reynolds’ genetic distance were calculated and found to be significantly different between the three groups. The Sardinian and Maltese groups were the most distant whereas the crossbred group was closer to the Sardinian group. The proportion of the genome derived from two ancestral populations (native Sardinian and Maltese) was assessed using the structure software. Animals were assigned to three clusters on the basis of native Sardinian thresholds. A good correspondence between the empirical (morphology and breeding histories) and the objective genetic analysis was found. Both approaches indicate the presence of three different subpopulations in the Sardinian goat population.
Prevalence of self‐reported hypersensitivity symptoms following intake of alcoholic drinks
Authors: Linneberg A. , Berg N. D. , Gonzalez‐Quintela A. , Vidal C. , Elberling J. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryBackground
Although hypersensitivity symptoms following alcoholic drink consumption are common in asthmatics, the prevalence of such symptoms in the general population is not known.Objective
To assess the prevalence of hypersensitivity symptoms following alcoholic drink consumption in an adult Northern European general population and the association of these symptoms with the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma.Methods
In 2006, a postal questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 18–69‐year‐olds living in Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. The response rate was 70.7% (4242/6000).Results
The prevalence of alcohol‐induced symptoms from the upper airways, lower airways, and skin was 7.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.8–8.4%], 3.2% (95% CI: 2.7–3.8%), and 7.2% (95% CI: 6.4–8.9%), respectively. A total of 13.9% (95% CI: 12.9–15.0%) had ever experienced alcohol‐induced symptoms from at least one of the three regions (upper airways, lower airways, or skin), and 9.9% (95% CI: 9.0–10.8%) had experienced symptoms in the last 12 months. All types of beverages were commonly reported as triggers of hypersensitivity symptoms, red wine being the most common. Alcohol‐induced hypersensitivity symptoms from the upper and lower airways were significantly more prevalent in persons with AR and asthma (odds ratios between 3.0 and 8.1, P‐value <0.001 for all associations).Conclusions
In this Northern European general population, self‐reported hypersensitivity symptoms following the intake of alcoholic drinks are common. These symptoms were markedly more prevalent in persons with AR and asthma. The underlying mechanisms and the clinical significance of these symptoms remain to be elucidated.
Long‐term prognostic value of B‐type natriuretic peptide in cardiac and non‐cardiac causes of acute dyspnoea
Authors: Christ M. , Thuerlimann A. , Laule K. , Klima T. , Hochholzer W. , Perruchoud A. P. , Mueller C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackground  B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels significantly predict increased risk of death in heart failure. The predictive role of BNP levels in patients with non‐cardiac causes of acute dyspnoea presenting to the emergency department is not well characterized.Materials and methods  The B‐type natriuretic peptide for Acute Shortness of Breath EvaLuation (BASEL) study enrolled consecutive patients with acute dyspnoea.Results  Cumulative mortality was 14·8%, 33·1% and 51·9% in 452 patients (age: 19–97 years; 58% male) within low (< 100 pg mL−1), intermediate (100–500 pg mL−1) and high (> 500 pg mL−1) BNP plasma levels at 18 months of follow‐up. BNP classes (point estimate: 1·55, 95%CI: 1·19–2·03, P = 0·001) in addition to age, increased heart rate and diuretic use emerged as significant predictors for long‐term mortality in multivariable Cox regression analyses. The BNP concentration alone had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0·71 (95%CI: 0·66–0·76; P < 0·001) for predicting 18 months mortality. BNP plasma levels independently predicted long‐term risk of death in patients with non‐cardiac (point estimate: 1·72, 95%CI: 1·16–2·56; P = 0·007) and with cardiac causes of acute dyspnoea (point estimate: 2·21, 95%CI: 1·34–3·64; P = 0·002).Conclusions  BNP levels are strong and independent predictors for long‐term mortality in unselected dyspnoeic patients presenting to the emergency department independent from the cause of dyspnoea.
In vitro – transcriptional response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes following contact with different antigens
Authors: Hochegger K. , Perco P. , Enrich J. , Mayer B. , Mayer G. , Rosenkranz A. R. , Rudnicki M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackground  Human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are activated and undergo apoptosis if brought into contact with cuprophane haemodialysis membranes, a phenomenon not observed if more ‘biocompatible’ polysulfone dialysers are used. It remains yet to be defined if this differential response is due to mechanisms regulated on a transcriptional or protein level. Furthermore, it is not clear if the contact of PMN with membranes (‘frustrated’ phagocytosis) activates the same response as phagocytosis of bacteria (complete phagocytosis).Materials and methods  We performed a genome‐wide differential gene expression study using cDNA microarrays to analyse the impact of different dialysis fibres on the transcriptional response of PMN of human healthy volunteers. These results were compared to transcriptional response of PMN during phagocytosis of Escherichia coli.Results  We did not detect significant differences in gene expression between PMN stimulated with cuprophane or pulysulfone. Compared to unstimulated PMN the ‘frustrated’ phagocytosis of either dialysis membrane resulted in increased expression of 50 genes, with a marked up‐regulation of FOS – and JUN – transcripts, but with only little activation of immune response genes, and virtually no activation of apoptosis related RNA transcripts. In contrast, phagocytosis of E.coli was associated with a striking up‐regulation of 88 genes, most of them involved in pro‐ and antiapoptotic pathways, immune response and activation of nuclear factor kappa B and inhibitor of NF‐kappa B.Conclusions  Our results suggest that the response of PMN to artificial surfaces is not controlled on transcriptional level. Complete and ‘frustrated’ phagocytosis activate markedly distinct transcriptional regulatory pathways in PMN.
Modelling long‐term in situ soil profile evolution: application to the genesis of soil profiles containing stone layers
Authors: Salvador‐Blanes S. , Minasny B. , McBratney A. B. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryModels of soil genesis are potentially of great importance in assessing the effects of global change on ecosystems, and may also contribute to our understanding of soil genetic processes. Many quantitative models have so far focused on individual soil genetic processes and are difficult to extrapolate to the landscape scale. A few attempts have been made to model soil evolution as a whole from a pedologic perspective. This study develops a quantitative model of soil formation at the profile scale, taking into account major soil‐forming processes. These include physical and chemical weathering of primary minerals, strain processes, and bioturbation. The model allows the quantification of the evolution of the particle size, mineral composition and bulk density of the soil. The model is applied with varying values of input parameters, and is compared with actual soil genetic processes. Running the model results in the formation of stone‐layered soil profiles. Stone‐line formation by means of bioturbation, as already described in the literature, seems to be adequately simulated. Planned improvements of the model include implementation of other major soil genetic processes such as leaching, organic matter influence, etc. This model will then have to be implemented spatially considering particularly redistribution processes, to reproduce soil formation at the landscape scale.
Effects of wetting and drying cycles on in situ soil particle mobilization
Authors: Majdalani S. , Michel E. , Di‐Pietro L. , Angulo‐Jaramillo R. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryUnderstanding particle mobilization and transport in soils is a major concern for environmental protection and water resource management as they can act as vectors for sorbing pollutants. In natural soils, the existence of a finite size and renewable pool of dispersible particles has been hypothesized. Even though freeze‐thaw and wetting‐drying cycles have been identified as possible mechanisms of pool replenishment between rainfall events, to date the underlying phenomena ruling the renewal of particle pools are still largely unexplored. We carried out a series of infiltration‐drainage experiments to study systematically the effects of periods without rain (pauses) on in situ particle mobilization in undisturbed soil columns. We found that, for a given column, pause duration between two rainfall events has a major influence on subsequent particle mobilization: the mass of leached particles increases with pause duration until it reaches a maximum (mass for a 200‐hours pause is 15 time greater than for a 1‐hour pause), and then it decreases for even longer pauses. This behaviour was correlated with soil water content, and can be explained by soil matrix weakening due to differential capillary stresses during drying. The consequences of this finding are important because the 15‐fold increase in mass of leached particles, when pause duration is changed from 1 hour to 4 days, might overwhelm variations caused by changes in other parameters such as the ionic strength of the incoming solution or the rainfall intensity.