bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A quadrature finite element method for semilinear second‐order hyperbolic problems
Authors: Mustapha K. , Mustapha H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this work we propose and analyze a fully discrete modified Crank–Nicolson finite element (CNFE) method with quadrature for solving semilinear second‐order hyperbolic initial‐boundary value problems. We prove optimal‐order convergence in both time and space for the quadrature‐modified CNFE scheme that does not require nonlinear algebraic solvers. Finally, we demonstrate numerically the order of convergence of our scheme for some test problems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2008
A space‐time mixed‐hybrid finite element method for the damped wave equation
Authors: Mounim A. Serghini 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA space‐time finite element method is introduced to solve the linear damped wave equation. The scheme is constructed in the framework of the mixed‐hybrid finite element methods, and where an original conforming approximation of H(div;Ω) is used, the latter permits us to obtain an upwind scheme in time. We establish the link between the nonstandard finite difference scheme recently introduced by Mickens and Jordan and the scheme proposed. In this regard, two approaches are considered and in particular we employ a formulation allowing the solution to be marched in time, i.e., one only needs to consider one time increment at a time. Numerical results are presented and compared with the analytical solution illustrating good performance of the present method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2008
Impact of chromosomal abnormalities on preimplantation embryo development
Authors: Rubio Carmen , Rodrigo Lorena , Mercader Amparo , Mateu Emilia , Buendía Pilar , Pehlivan Tugce , Viloria Thamara , De los Santos Ma José , Simón Carlos , Remohí José , Pellicer Antonio 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities on preimplantation embryo development.MethodsThis study includes 6936 embryos from 1245 women undergoing preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Indications for aneuploidy screening were: recurrent miscarriages, implantation failure, severe male factor, advanced maternal age, and mixed causes. Embryo biopsy was performed on day 3, and embryos were co‐cultured until day 5, when embryo transfer was performed.ResultsIn the aneuploidy screening regimen, normal euploid embryos showed significantly higher blastocyst rates (68.2%) compared to chromosomally abnormal (42.8%, p < 0.0001) and mosaic (53.7%, p < 0.0001) embryos. Among aneuploid embryos for autosomes, higher blastocyst rates were observed in trisomies than monosomies, although only statistically significant in patients over 36 years of age (50.8 vs 38.9%; p < 0.0001). In contrast, in embryos with sex chromosomes aneuploidy, similar blastocyst rates were observed between trisomies and monosomy X.ConclusionEmbryos with certain types of chromosomal abnormalities were negatively selected during preimplantation embryo development. Despite this selection, a remarkable percentage of chromosomally abnormal embryos can develop normally to blastocyst stage with high probability of implantation and pregnancy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrafamilial variability in Fraser syndrome
Authors: Prasun Pankaj , Pradhan Mandakini , Goel Himanshu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFraser syndrome (OMIM 219000) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cryptophthalmos, cutanaeous syndactyly, malformations of the larynx and genitourinary tract, craniofacial dysmorphism, orofacial clefting, mental retardation and musculoskeletal anomalies. There is marked interfamilial clinical heterogeneity. However, there is strong phenotypic similarity and concordance of the degree of severity of the disease within a family. We report a family with two cases of Fraser syndrome with marked clinical heterogeneity. One case had lethal phenotype with bilateral renal agenesis, while the other had mild phenotype with normal kidneys. It has not been reported before and highlights the importance of careful screening of pregnancies in families with Fraser syndrome. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive processes and computerized personality assessment
Authors: Mervielde Ivan 
Published: June 2007

Several implications of the cognitive viewpoint on personality are tested and the predictive validity of cognitive processing variables is assessed with judgements of parents and friends as a criterion measure. Free recall of items was related to cognitive schemas but reaction time during score recall was not. Ease of faking as well as response latency during faking were not related to cognitive schemas. Intra‐individual analysis revealed a consistent non‐linear relationship between response latency and item score in all conditions of the experiment. Although some cognitive process variables were correlated with the criterion measures, adding these variables to item scores did not always increase the predictive validity.
Selective polymerization of propylene oxide by a tin phosphate coordination polymer
Authors: Schütz Christine , Dwars Torsten , Schnorpfeil Christoph , Radnik Jörg , Menzel Michael , Kragl Udo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOligomeric and polymeric polyether polyols, especially poly(propylene oxide), are used for the production of detergents, nonionic surfactants, washing agents, and cleaners, but they are predominantly used in polyurethane production processes. Tin phosphate coordination polymers show good activity in the selective polymerization of epoxides. The catalyst can be easily synthesized by the condensation of tributyl phosphate and butyl tin trichloride. Investigations of this achiral organotin phosphate condensate in the stereoregular polymerization of propylene oxide, including the properties controlling the molecular weight of the resulting poly(propylene oxide) and structural and mechanistic studies, are presented. Additionally, the polymerization of propylene oxide occurs with high activity, no allyl end groups, just a small number of irregularities, and a high percentage of isotacticity (88%) in the polymer. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3032–3041, 2007
Lessons learned—Fire due to leakage of ethanol during transfer
Authors: Gangopadhyay R.K. , Das S.K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEthanol is a highly flammable liquid with a relatively low flash point (18°C (open cup). There is a concern that evaporating ethanol could pose an explosion hazard in bonded warehouses and in distillation rooms. A literature search indicated that explosions occur very rarely. The present study is based on an accidental leakage of ethanol during transfer from a road tanker to a static tank and it caught fire with sparks generated due to electrical faults.The major lessons learned from this accident, included: (a) designers and operators should always use explosion proof electrical equipment when handling flammables and (b) management must take the responsibility to adequately train their personnel who handle hazardous material. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2007
Effects of modernisation on desired fertility in Egypt
Authors: Baschieri Angela 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUsing a conceptual framework that borrows notions both from the economic theory of fertility and social interaction theory, this paper assesses the relative importance of social and economic modernisation at the individual and community level in explaining geographical differentials in desired fertility in Egypt. Using the 2000 Egyptian Demographic Health Survey and an up‐to‐date map of land cover in Egypt, this paper provides an application of an advanced methodology which uses a combination of multilevel modelling and geographical information system (GIS) techniques. The paper shows how GIS techniques facilitate the construction of several variables representing the level of economic modernisation, such as land use, road density and urbanisation. It illustrates how GIS techniques and multilevel modelling can help us to move forward a step in substantiating theories of community influences on fertility. This study also analyses the effect of current family composition on desired fertility in Egypt and reveals the desire of Egyptian society to have at least two children and at least one boy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypnotherapy in the irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Whorwell P. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn a controlled clinical trial 30 patients with severe classic irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were allocated to receive treatment with hypnotherapy or placebo medication plus supportive psychotherapy. After three months all the patients in the hypnotherapy group improved dramatically but only two patients in the control group improved. Since that time we have reported our additional experience with more patients and a mean follow‐up time of 18 months. The technique of hypnosis is described and preliminary work that has been undertaken using direct measurements of gastrointestinal motility has demonstrated that hypnotised patients seem to have the ability to influence motility.
Anxiety and the aching heart
Authors: Jefferson James W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThere are four specific syndromes: functional cardiac disorders, mitral valve prolapse syndrome, hyperventilation syndrome and panic disorder. In many cases, the symptoms are very similar and reassurance is a critical aspect of treating these patients. Controversy exists as to what constitutes a diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse, but echocardiography has suggested a prevalence of about 5 per cent of the population. It is more common in young women weighing less than 50 kg (30 per cent) but as they become older they are less likely to suffer from the condition. On the other hand, in males age does not seem to make any difference. In most cases, prolapse is a benign and often silent disorder. Drug therapy has primarily focused on beta‐blockers whilst antipanic drugs are effective in panic disorder. The hyperventilation test undertaken in the doctor's office is a very useful way of explaining this condition to the patient and reassuring him of its relatively benign nature.
Syncope, seizures and stress
Authors: Stevens Harold 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe episodic attack may reflect either cardiogenic or neurogenic mechanisms and not all seizures are due to epilepsy but rather can be caused by acute cerebral ischaemia. Cerebral ischaemia may result from vaso‐vagal syncope or vago‐vagal syncope, the latter being associated with an abrupt fall in blood pressure. Many events may precipitate syncope and convulsions: rectal examinations, micturition syndrome, tussive syncope, ingestion of food and liquids (i.e. the Banquet Syndrome) are some examples. Sudden death may occur due to stress, the causal mechanisms usually involving the cardiovascular system. Cardiac dysrhythmia is frequently implicated. Stress may incude a broad variety of autonomic responses mediated often through the vagal system resulting in syncope, seizures and fatal collapse. The higher nervous system may also modify autonomic electrical activity of the heart with the same consequences.
The signification of stress in the aetiopathogenesis of type2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ionescu‐Tirgoviste Constantin , Simion Prunǎ , Mariana Costea , Dan Cheta M. , Iulian Mincu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present study investigated the possible involvement of stress in the aetiopathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus by using three different approaches: the role of chronic and subacute stress, assessed by a clinical interview in 300 newly discovered diabetic patients; the role of acute stress, by analysing the incidence of diabetes mellitus in connection with the earthquake of 4 March 1977; and investigating the autonomic reactivity of patients in whom stress was or was not involved in the onset of diabetes. The results showed: a chronic psychosocial stress was encountered in 44 per cent of 300 newly discovered type 2 diabetes mellitus patients; the number of newly registered diabetic cases was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the month of May in 1977 (two months after the earthquake) as against the years preceding (1976) or following (1978) the earthquake; an autonomic hyperreactivity was found in the patients in whom stress was involved in the onset of diabetes as against the controls or diabetics in whom this factor was not involved in the onset of the disease.
Irritable mood and physical illness
Authors: Fava Giovanni A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe role and features of irritable mood in the medically ill have eluded systematic investigation. Irritability may be a non‐specific manifestation of another psychiatric disturbance, such as depression, or part of the emotional reaction to hospitalization, pain and diagnostic procedures. Irritability, however, may also be a mood state relatively independent of other major moods of anxiety and depression. It may be associated with abnormal illness behavior. The diagnosis and treatment of irritable mood in the medically ill are reviewed. Hostility and irritability appear to be worthy of clinical and research attention in psychosomatic medicine.
Personality characteristics and proneness to burnout: A study among internists
Authors: Keinan Giora , Melamed Samuel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBurnout syndrome is commonly conceived as resulting from prolonged emotional load. Thus, it was hypothesized that people with certain personality characteristics, which make them more liable to extensive emotional arousal, are likely to be burnout‐prone. The personality characteristics chosen were: repression‐sensitization (R‐S). emotional reactivity (ER), learned resourcefulness (LR), Type A behavior (TAB), and hostility. Also recorded were age and tenure at current job. Subjects for the study were doctors of internal medicine employed in public hospitals. Burnout was found to be positively related to R‐S, ER and hostility, and negatively related to LR. No significant results were obtained with TAB. In addition, burnout was negatively (but not significantly) associated with tenure. It was concluded that subjects who display an increased tendency to emotional arousal, and/or lack LR skills, are likely to suffer burnout.
PTSD presenting as an eating disorder
Authors: Torem Moshe S. , Curdue Kathryn 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAlthough the incidence of eating disorders has been on the rise in the past decade, their etiology is still obscure and their treatment still unsatisfactory, with a relatively high mortality rate. This article describes a special subgroup of patients with an eating disorder whose underlying illness was a previously undiagnosed post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Once the proper diagnosis was made and the therapy was focused on the proper resolution of the trauma and its effects, the patients showed improvement in their overall state of mind, including the eating disorder symptoms. It is hoped that this article will heighten the clinicians' awareness of this subgroup of eating disorder patients and improve the treatment outcome.
Situational stress and anxiety in man: Studies with drugs in laboratory and surgical settings
Authors: O'Boyle Ciaran A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe development of new selective anxiolytic drugs has led to increased interest in the pharmacology of stress. Attempts to assess the effects of drugs on situational stress responses in man have resulted in the development of a wide variety of laboratory stress paradigms. This article provides an overview of these laboratory models, which have been used with moderate success to demonstrate the efficacy of anxiolytic drugs such as benzodiazepines and beta‐adrenoreceptor blockers. Given the importance of cognitive factors in stress responses, the ecological validity of such laboratory paradigms is questioned. Stress associated with surgical and diagnostic techniques provides an opportunity for assessing the impact of drugs in ‘real‐life’ settings which are neither contrived nor unethical and in which therapeutic use of sedative and anxiolytic agents is justifed. This article examines the nature of anxiety associated with surgical and diagnostic procedures. Methodological and theoretical aspects of surgical and diagnostic stress models are reviewed, with particular consideration of the multidimensional nature of the human stress response and the effects of drugs theron.
Stress, the immune system and psychiatric illness
Authors: Leonard B. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAnecdotal evidence suggesting a causal relationship between psychiatric illness, environmental stress and a malfunctioning immune system goes back to antiquity. Recently, clinical and experimental studies have established the interrelationship between neuroendocrine regulation, the immune system and abnormalities in central neurotransmission which may be deranged as a consequence of stressful events. This short review is an attempt to assess the evidence implicating altered immune responsiveness in depression and schizophrenia and to consider the impact of different types of environmental stress in triggering the immune malfunction. While these findings are of considerable biological importance, it is presently unclear whether the immunological changes are primary or secondary to the disease states.
Tribulin — an endocoid marker for anxiety in man
Authors: Sandler M. , Clow Angela , Watkins P. J. , Fibiol Vivette Glover 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTribulin is the game given to an endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor/benzodiazepine receptor ligand. Evidence has been obtained of an increased output of this material in conditions associated with stress and anxiety eg lactate‐provoked panic attacks, general anxiety disorder and alcohol or benzodiazepine withdrawal. The major monoamine oxidase inhibitory component in normal human urine has recently been identified mass spectrometrically as isatin (indole‐2,3‐dione).
Pathological grief, psychiatric symptoms and immune status following conjugal bereavement
Authors: Pettingale K. W. , Watson M. , Inayat Q. , Alhaq A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPsychological and immunological assessments were performed concurrently on 33 spouses who had each been bereaved at least one year previously. The sample of bereaved spouses showed a high incidence of psychiatric morbidity, with 46 per cent having a Catego score of 5 or above using the Present State Examination (PSE); 30 per cent showed excessive rumination about the deceased, using the Grief Experience Inventory. There was also a high incidence of physical complaints within the group but the majority of these antedated the bereavement and no significant correlations were found between physical complaints and either psychological or immunological variables. There were no significant differences in cellular or humoral immune profile between subjects with high and low Catego scores. However, measures of emotional responsiveness using the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale were significantly correlated with helper T‐lymphocyte and natural killer cell numbers. It is proposed that these data support the concept of neuroendocrine modulation of the immune system but do not suggest either that the overall effect of bereavement is immunosuppressive or that immune changes are responsible for an increase in mortality following bereavement.
Stress and medical marriages
Authors: Yandoli Alyson Hall 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe literature concerning medical marriages is reviewed and, where relevant to potential stress in marriage, the differences between British and North American medical careers are discussed. After a general review of psychiatric morbidity, suicide rates and substance abuse amongst doctors, the major difficulties for married doctors during training are contrasted with the increased stability of mature medical marriages, which nevertheless are relatively unsatisfying for both partners. Little is known about recent medical marriages, particularly in Britain. The likely difficulties for the woman doctor with a non‐medical spouse and for dual doctor marriages are discussed, together with the implications for childcare. Problems in marriage are not necessarily associated with the actual number of hours spent working, but satisfaction seems to be associated with communuication and intimacy between the partners.
Septal dopaminergic–cholinergic interactions during stress
Authors: Finkelstein Yoram , Sternfeld Moshe , Flechter Shlomo , Kushnir Amir , Hod Israel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTo find out whether or not modification of the dopaminergic tone affects the stress response of the septo‐hippocampal cholinergic system, rats were treated with DA‐2 receptor agonist or antagonist. The findings indicate that after treatment with the DA antagonist sulpiride, when the septo‐hippocampal cholinergic system is released from tonic dopaminergic inhibition, it becomes activated to a certain level and cannot be further activated in response to acute stress. Enhancement of the dopaminergic tone, by treatment with the DA agonist apomorphine, may suppress the activation of the cholinergic system in response to acute stress. Thus, when stressful conditions are encountered, the initial transient activation of the septo‐hippocampal cholinergic system, which subsides within minutes, may be temporally related to a slower stress‐induced activation of the mesoseptal dopaminergic system. These results imply that septo‐hippocampal cholinergic activity represents an active pathway for major dopaminergic neuronal signals of stress.
A somewhat personal odyssey in studying the stress process
Authors: Antonovsky Aaron 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe reader is taken on a journey spanning some 25 years devoted to the author's involvement in stress research as a sociologist of health. The starting point is work on life stressors, moving to the distinction between tension and stress and the concept of generalized resistance resources. In the course of the story, consideration is given to the difference between the study of diseases and of dis–ease. The next step taken is the formulation of the salutogenic problem and its implications for health research, in contrast to the traditional study of pathogenesis. Finally, the meaning of the sense of coherence, an orientation to the world as comprehensible, manageable and meaningful, and hypothesized to be a core variable in shaping coping with stressors and thereby influencing health status, is discussed.
The role and development of some methodological questions in life event, social support and depression research
Authors: Oei T. I. , Zwart F. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractResearch on life events, social support and depressive behaviour has evolved from the descriptive level to the contextual perspective. Precise conceptualization of the terms used, such as ‘life events’ and ‘social support’ is called for, together with a conscientious application of research techniques like the interview method. Careful analysis of different variables such as ‘provoking agent’ and ‘vulnerability factor’ would seem necessary, before the causality question can be approached.