bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of morphine in healthy Greyhounds
Authors: KuKanich Butch , Borum Stacy L. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Objective—To assess pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of morphine and the effects of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of morphine in healthy Greyhounds.
Animals—6 healthy Greyhounds, 3 male and 3 female.
Procedures—Morphine sulfate (0.5 mg/kg. IV) was administered to Greyhounds prior to and after 5 days of ketoconazole (12.7 ± 0.6 mg/kg, PO) treatment. Plasma samples were obtained from blood samples that were collected at predetermined time points for measurement of morphine and ketoconazole concentrations by mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetics of morphine were estimated by use of computer software.
Results—Pharmacodynamic effects of morphine in Greyhounds were similar to those of other studies in dogs and were similar between treatment groups. Morphine was rapidly eliminated with a half-life of 1.28 hours and a plasma clearance of 32.55 mL/min/kg. The volume of distribution was 3.6 L/kg. No significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of morphine were found after treatment with ketoconazole. Plasma concentrations of ketoconazole were high and persisted longer than expected in Greyhounds.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ketoconazole had no significant effect on morphine pharmacokinetics, and the pharmacodynamics were similar between treatment groups. Plasma concentrations of ketoconazole were higher than expected and persisted longer than expected in Greyhounds.
Acid-base and hormonal abnormalities in dogs with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus
Authors: Durocher Lawren L. , Hinchcliff Kenneth W. , DiBartola Stephen P. , Johnson Susan E. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Objective—To examine acid-base and hormonal abnormalities in dogs with diabetes mellitus.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Animals—48 dogs with diabetes mellitus and 17 healthy dogs.
Procedures—Blood was collected and serum ketone, glucose, lactate, electrolytes, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, nonesterified fatty acid, and triglyceride concentrations were measured. Indicators of acid-base status were calculated and compared between groups.
Results—Serum ketone and glucose concentrations were significantly higher in diabetic than in healthy dogs, but there was no difference in venous blood pH or base excess between groups. Anion gap and strong ion difference were significantly higher and strong ion gap and serum bicarbonate concentration were significantly lower in the diabetic dogs. There were significant linear relationships between measures of acid-base status and serum ketone concentration, but not between measures of acid-base status and serum lactate concentration. Serum insulin concentration did not differ significantly between groups, but diabetic dogs had a wider range of values. All diabetic dogs with a serum ketone concentration > 1,000 μmol/L had a serum insulin concentration < 5 μU/mL. There were strong relationships between serum ketone concentration and serum glucagon-insulin ratio, serum cortisol concentration, and plasma norepinephrine concentration. Serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentration, expressed as a percentage of serum ketone concentration, decreased as serum ketone concentration increased.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that ketosis in diabetic dogs was related to the glucagon-insulin ratio with only low concentrations of insulin required to prevent ketosis. Acidosis in ketotic dogs was attributable largely to high serum ketone concentrations.
Long-term outcome of domestic ferrets treated surgically for hyperadrenocorticism: 130 cases (1995–2004)
Authors: Swiderski Jennifer K. , Seim III Howard B. , MacPhail Catriona M. , Campbell Terry W. , Johnston Matthew S. , Monnet Eric 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine the long-term survival rate and factors that affect survival time of domestic ferrets treated surgically for hyperadrenocorticism.
Study Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—130 ferrets with hyperadrenocorticism that were treated surgically.
Procedures—Medical records of ferrets surgically treated for hyperadrenocorticism were reviewed. Data recorded included signalment, duration of clinical signs prior to hospital admission, CBC values, serum biochemical analysis results, anesthetic time, surgical time, concurrent diseases, adrenal gland affected (right, left, or both [bilateral]), histopathologic diagnosis, surgical procedure, caudal vena caval involvement (yes or no), postoperative melena (yes or no), days in hospital after surgery, and whether clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism developed after surgery.
Results—130 ferrets were entered in the study (11 of 130 ferrets were admitted and underwent surgery twice). The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 98% and 88%, respectively. A 50% survival rate was never reached. Combined partial adrenal gland resection with cryosurgery had a significantly negative effect on survival time. No other risk factors were identified. Survival time was not significantly affected by either histopathologic diagnosis or specific affected adrenal gland (right, left, or bilateral).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ferrets with adrenal gland masses that were treated surgically had a good prognosis. Survival time of ferrets with hyperadrenocorticism undergoing surgery was not affected by the histologic characteristic of the tumor, the adrenal glands affected (right, left, or bilateral), or complete versus partial adrenal gland resection. Debulking was a sufficient surgical technique to allow a favorable long-term outcome when complete excision was not possible.
Periparturient hemorrhage in mares: 73 cases (1998–2005)
Authors: Arnold Carolyn E. , Payne Maria , Thompson James A. , Slovis Nathan M. , Bain Fairfield T. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine signalment, physical examination and clinicopathologic abnormalities, outcome, and subsequent fertility of mares with periparturient hemorrhage (PPH) and identify factors associated with outcome (ie, survival vs death).
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—73 mares.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for information on age, breed, initial complaint, physical examination and clinicopathologic abnormalities, treatment, outcome, and subsequent fertility.
Results—Median age was 14.0 years (range, 5 to 24 years), and median number of foals produced prior to the diagnosis of PPH was 8 (range, 1 to 16). Ten (14%) mares had prepartum hemorrhage and 63 (86%) had postpartum hemorrhage. Treatment was aimed at restoring cardiovascular volume, enhancing coagulation, controlling pain, and reducing the effects of endotoxemia. Sixty-one (84%) mares survived and 12 (16%) died or were euthanized. Common complications included fever, leukopenia, retained fetal membranes, increased digital pulses, thrombophlebitis, and cardiac arrhythmias. Of the 53 surviving mares for which subsequent breeding information was available, 26 (49%) produced 1 or more foals after recovering from PPH.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that PPH can develop in mares of any age and parity. Treatment was associated with a good prognosis for survival and a reasonable prognosis for future fertility.
Indications for and short- and long-term outcome of permanent tracheostomy performed in standing horses: 82 cases (1995–2005)
Authors: Chesen A. Berkley , Rakestraw Peter C. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Objective—To identify indications for and short- and long-term outcome of permanent tracheostomy performed in standing horses.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—82 horses undergoing permanent tracheostomy.
Procedures—Data obtained from medical records included signalment, diagnosis, surgical technique, complications, use of the horse before and after surgery, and owner satisfaction. Follow-up information was obtained through a telephone questionnaire administered to owners.
Results—Indications for permanent tracheostomy included nasopharyngeal cicatrix (n = 59), arytenoid chondropathy (55), and laryngeal hemiplegia (20); 54 horses had multiple indications for tracheostomy. Complications identified prior to discharge included partial dehiscence (n = 8), transient fever (10), and excessive swelling (13). Complications identified after discharge included partial dehiscence (n = 3), inversion of skin (2), and stenosis of the tracheostomy requiring repair (1). Long-term follow-up information was available for 64 horses. Fifty-seven of the 64 (89%) horses returned to their previous use, and owners of 63 (98%) horses reported being very satisfied with the results. The owner of 1 (2%) horse was unsatisfied with the results. The 1-year survival rate was 97% (95% confidence interval, 95% to 100%). Mean estimated truncated survival time (ie, failure-free period) was 9.7 years (95% confidence interval, 9.3 to 10.1 years).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that permanent tracheostomy can be safely performed in standing horses and was a viable treatment for horses with obstructive disease of the upper respiratory tract that was unresponsive to medical treatment or other surgical treatments.
Characterization of hypertriglyceridemia and response to treatment with insulin in llamas and alpacas: 31 cases (1995–2005)
Authors: Waitt Laura H. , Cebra Christopher K. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate camelids with hypertriglyceridemia with regard to signalment, clinical features of disease, and response to treatment with insulin.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—23 alpacas and 8 llamas with hypertriglyceridemia.
Procedures—For analysis of medical record data, 20 hypertriglyceridemic camelids with multiple recorded measurements of serum or plasma triglycerides concentration were classified as follows: those with an initial triglycerides concentration > 60 to ≥ 500 mg/dL that were or were not treated with insulin (HT-I and HT-N camelids, respectively) and those with an initial triglycerides concentration > 500 mg/dL that were treated with insulin (lipemic [LIP-I] camelids). Only 1 recorded triglycerides concentration was available for an additional 11 hypertriglyceridemic camelids; data from those records were included in the characterization of signalment and clinical features of disease.
Results—Compared with the general population of hospitalized camelids, hypertriglyceridemic camelids did not differ significantly with respect to age or sex. Of 22 female camelids, only 7 were lactating or pregnant. Serum or plasma triglycerides concentrations in HT-N and HT-I camelids did not differ significantly at admission, but triglycerides concentrations in HT-I camelids decreased significantly after insulin treatment. Posttreatment triglycerides concentrations in HT-I camelids were significantly lower than those in HT-N camelids. During the period of hospitalization, triglycerides concentrations in HT-N camelids increased, whereas those in LIP-I camelids decreased significantly.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that hypertriglyceridemia affects llamas and alpacas of all ages and both sexes. Insulin treatment may reduce serum or plasma triglycerides concentrations in camelids with hypertriglyceridemia.
Raman Spectroscopy as a Potential Tool for Early Diagnosis of Malignancies in Esophageal and Bladder Tissues
Authors: Stone Nicholas , Kendall Catherine , Barr Hugh 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis chapter outlines the use of Raman spectroscopy for discrimination of pathologies in the bladder and esophagus based upon the biochemical signature accompanying the disease process. This has great strength in that objective molecular‐specific analysis becomes possible for diagnosis and understanding of carcinogenesis processes. The importance of the gold‐standard histopathology, sample handling procedures and spectrometer standardization are outlined. Methods of sampling in vivo and in vitro are discussed and discrimination methodologies are demonstrated. Finally exploitation of the inherent biochemical signature found within the tissues is explored and an attempt is made to provide relative concentrations of significant biochemical components.
Most earcons do not interfere with spoken passage comprehension
Authors: Bonebright Terri L. , Nees Michael A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA cross‐modal dual attention experiment was completed by 198 undergraduates in three blocks that each consisted of an orientation task and a concurrent listening task. For the orientation task, participants located regions on an LCD that were cued by speech or one of four types of symbolic auditory cues (i.e. earcons); the concurrent task required participants to listen to and answer questions about GRE sample test passages. Results indicated the orientation task had no effect on comprehension of the passages compared to a passage‐only control for four of the five auditory cue types. All auditory cues resulted in high performance for the orientation task, with speech and complex sounds exhibiting the highest performance. Implications for auditory display design and for assistive technologies for visually impaired persons are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of reading disability on chromosome 6p22 in the Afrikaner population
Authors: Platko Jill V. , Wood Frank B. , Pelser Izelda , Meyer Marianne , Gericke George S. , O'Rourke Julia , Birns Julie , Purcell Shaun , Pauls David L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe genetic basis of reading disability (RD) has long been established through family and twin studies. More recently genetic linkage studies have identified genomic regions that appear to harbor susceptibility genes for RD. Association studies have been shown to have greater power for detecting genes of modest effect, particularly in genetically isolated populations. Hence, a case control study of RD was undertaken in the Afrikaner population in South Africa. Sixty‐eight microsatellite markers in regions where linkages had been reported in previous studies were genotyped on 122 children with reading disability and 112 typically reading controls drawn from the same school population. A single allele of marker D6S299 showed a highly significant association with the RD phenotype (D6S299[229], P‐value 0.000014). Other markers on other chromosomes also showed suggestive associations. Of particular interest were markers on chromosomes 1 and 15. These two regions have been implicated in studies of populations that formed the founding population in the Afrikaner population. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of carbon fillers on the thermal conductivity of highly filled liquid‐crystal polymer based resins
Authors: Hauser Rebecca A. , King Julia A. , Pagel Rachel M. , Keith Jason M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe thermal conductivity of insulating polymers can be increased by the addition of conductive fillers. One potential market for these thermally conductive resins is for fuel cell bipolar plates. In this study, various amounts of three different carbon fillers (carbon black, synthetic graphite particles, and carbon fiber) were added to Vectra A950RX liquid crystal polymer. Because the resulting composites were anisotropic, they were tested for both through‐plane and in‐plane thermal conductivities. The effects of single fillers and combinations of the different fillers were studied via a factorial design. Each single filler caused a statistically significant increase in composite through‐plane and in‐plane thermal conductivities at the 95% confidence level, with synthetic graphite causing the largest increase. All of the composites containing combinations of the different fillers caused statistically significant increases in the composite through‐plane and in‐plane thermal conductivities. It is possible that thermally conductive pathways were formed that linked these carbon fillers, which resulted in increased composite thermal conductivity. Composites containing 70, 75, and 80 wt % synthetic graphite and the composite containing all three fillers (2.5 wt % carbon black, 65 wt % synthetic graphite, and 5 wt % carbon fiber) had in‐plane thermal conductivities of 20 W m−1 K−1 or higher, which is desirable for bipolar plates. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Lack of a co‐promotion effect of 60 Hz rotating magnetic fields on N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea induced neurogenic tumors in F344 rats
Authors: Chung Moon‐Koo , Kim Yong‐Bum , Ha Chang‐Su , Myung Sung‐Ho 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the possible effect of 60 Hz magnetic fields as promoters of brain tumors initiated transplacentally by ethylnitrosourea (ENU) in F344 rats. One hundred twenty mated animals were divided into six different groups and exposed in utero on day 18 of gestation to a single intravenous dose of either Saline (vehicle control, Group I), or ENU 10 mg/kg (Groups II–VI). In the present study, a total of 480 offspring was used. The offspring in group II were given no further treatment while the offspring in Groups III–VI were exposed to four different intensities of magnetic fields. Animals received exposure to 60 Hz magnetic field at field strengths of 0 Tesla (sham control, T1, Group III), 5 μT (T2, Group IV), 83.3 μT (T3, Group V), or 500 μT (T4, Group VI), for 21 h/day from the age of 4 weeks to the age of 32 or 42 weeks. At histopathological examination, tumors of the nervous system were seen in all the ENU‐treated groups. The tumor incidence of the ENU group at 32nd and 42nd week necropsy was higher than that of the vehicle control group. The incidence of glial tumors at 42nd week necropsy was higher than the 32nd week necropsy. However, there were no differences in the tumor incidence between the sham control (T1) and ENU + magnetic field exposure groups (T2–T4). In conclusion, there was no evidence that exposure of offspring to 60 Hz at magnetic field strengths up to 500 μT to the age of 32 or 42 weeks promoted ENU‐initiated brain tumors in rats. Bioelectromagnetics 29:539–548, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new chemiluminescence paradox: selective inhibition of isoluminol‐amplified activity in phagocytes by peptides from annexin AI
Authors: Dahlberg Maria , Dahlgren Claes , Hellstrand Kristoffer , Movitz Charlotta 
Published: May 2008

AbstractChemiluminescence systems enhanced by either isoluminol or luminol in combination with a peroxidase are sensitive methods for the detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by phagocyte NADPH oxidase. The two amplifying substrates are structurally very similar, differing only in the position of the amino group in the aromatic ring of the molecules. This difference renders isoluminol a less lipophilic molecule that is less permeable to biological membranes. The use of isoluminol is consequently restricted to studies dealing with the secretion of oxygen metabolites. In this study we show that synthetic peptides derived from the N‐terminal domain of the calcium‐regulated protein annexin AI interfere with the detection of radicals in an isoluminol‐amplified, but not in a luminol‐amplified, system. The annexin AI‐derived peptides reduce the light output with isoluminol excited by superoxide and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine‐ and phorbol myristate acetate‐stimulated cells, as well as by hydrogen peroxide and HRP. The precise mechanism for the inhibition is not known. The results presented strongly suggest that a reduced cellular response detected with isoluminol‐amplified chemiluminescence should be confirmed with an alternative technique to determine release of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct and indirect immunolabelling of HeLa cells with quantum dots
Authors: Yang Dongzhi , Chen Qifan , Wang Wenxing , Xu Shukun 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWith excellent optical properties, quantum dots (QDs) have been made as attractive molecular probes for labelling cells in biological research. In this study high‐quality CdSe QDs prepared in a paraffin–oleic acid system were used as fluorescent labels in direct and indirect detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a cancer marker expressed on the surface of HeLa cells. The primary antibody (Ab) (rabbit anti‐CEA8) and secondary Ab (goat anti‐rabbit IgG) were covalently linked to carboxyl‐functioned CdSe QDs, and both the QDs–antibody and QDs–IgG probes were successfully used to label HeLa cells. The present study demonstrates the practicability of CdSe QDs as an attractive type of fluorescent labels for biological applications such as protein probes and cell imaging. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐enzymatic aqueous peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence immune detection using a CCD camera and a CMOS device
Authors: Filanoski Brian , Rastogi Shiva K. , Cameron Adam , Cameron Eric , Mishra Nirankar N. , Maki Wusi , Maki Gary 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA new method for non‐enzymatic aqueous peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (POCL) biomolecular detection using imaging chip‐based devices has been developed. A water‐soluble amide of oxalic acid was synthesized and used in the investigation and characterization of POCL immunodetection in an aqueous environment. Six fluorescent dyes commonly used in biological detection were tested, and the intensity of light generated from the aqueous POCL reactions was characterized in the liquid phase. Direct detection sensitivity comparisons between a standard fluorescent method and this POCL method were performed in both liquid and solid phases. Results showed that detection sensitivity using the POCL method is comparable to that of the fluorescent method. POCL biomolecular detection on a nitrocellulose membrane was also investigated using a charge‐coupled device (CCD) camera. Again, POCL detection sensitivity proved to be comparable to that using the fluorescent detection method. In an application of aqueous POCL biomolecular detection, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) and its antibody were used to demonstrate immuno‐ and affinity detection. For further applications, such as DNA and protein arrays, simultaneous detection of biomolecules labelled with different fluorescent labels was investigated, using a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) colour imaging chip. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow‐injection chemiluminescence determination of ofloxacin using the Ru(bpy)2(CIP)2+−Ce(IV) system and its application
Authors: Chen Li , Wang Xiaoli , Zhao Huichun , Wang Kezhi , Jin Linpei 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis paper reports a flow‐injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of ofloxacin (OFLX) using the Ru(bpy)2(CIP)2+–Ce(IV) system. Under the optimum conditions, the relative CL intensity was proportional to the concentration of OFLX in the range 3.0 × 10–8–1.0 × 10–5 mol/L and the detection limit was 4.2 × 10–9 mol/L. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of ofloxacin in pharmaceuticals and human urine. The chemiluminescence mechanism of the system is also discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.