bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New structures of four‐phase oscillators obtained by strongly interweaving mono‐phase limit‐cycle oscillators
Authors: Yardeny D. , Kaplan B. Z. , Horen Y. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe present work is a part of our effort of developing multiphase oscillators. The particular system dealt with here is that of strongly nonlinearly coupled four oscillators that form a multiphase source. Such sources possess potential applications in power electronics, in phased‐array antennas, and in modern methods of modulation and especially in demodulating multi‐phased modulated signals. The present system can be interpreted as embracing four two‐phase oscillators. Nevertheless, as a result of the strong coupling, the second state equation of each oscillator merges with the first equation of the following oscillator. The resulted four‐phase source is, therefore, represented by merely four state equations. The applications related to communications (especially those related to receivers) may be susceptible to the noise performance of the source. We believe that the presently suggested system, which relies on strong coupling of oscillators, is advantageous in its noise performance in comparison to more straightforward recently described multiphase sources, which incorporate loosely coupled oscillators. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LIVE‐NET — An interactive switched video network for the university of London
Authors: Powter E. J. , Beckwith R. C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBritish Telecom has installed, for the University of London, a switched video network, LIVE‐NET. The network links together seven University locations, and offers four both‐way full bandwidth video channels between each site and a central location. A data path is also provided. A video switch at the centre enables the network to be configured in many different ways. This paper discusses how the technology used for LIVE‐NET came out of that used for BT's Switched Star Cable TV system, and considers how the services that it provides are being used by the University. The network offers more flexibility than conventional video conferencing networks, and this has an influence on human factors and terminal equipment. This type of network bridges the gap between relatively cheap one way cable TV systems and the much more expensive two‐way specialized vision circuits.
Microwave‐multiplexed lightwave systems: A new approach to wideband networks
Authors: Olshansky Robert 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFor the last fifteen years the attention of the fibre‐optic community has been principally focused on developing baseband digital transmission system for transmitting time‐division‐multiplexed voice channels over long distance and interoffice routes. Attention has now shifted to extending the fibreoptic network to the subscriber loop and to providing a multitude of new services through lightwave networks.Based on the results reviewed here, it is apparent that microwave‐multiplexing techniques provide a new and attractive way to transmit wideband services over optical fibre. By allowing lightwave systems designers to use and combine the complete range of available electronics, including both analog and digital electronics, and both baseband and microwave techniques, a great number of new possibilities arise for exploiting the bandwidth of lightwave components and for designing wideband lightwave networks. Over the next few years the microwave‐multiplexing techniques described in this article may fundamentally change the way we use lightwave technology.
Paris: An approach to integrated high‐speed private networks
Authors: Cidon Israel , Gopal Inder S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a design of a high‐speed packet switching system for integrated voice, video and data communications. The system makes use of a simplified network architecture in order to achieve the low packet delay and high nodal throughput necessary for the transport of voice and video. A prototype of this system has been implemented and is now being tested under a variety of packet traffic loads. We have demonstrated that this system provides a cost‐effective solution for private integrated networks.
Video transmission formats — A tutorial review
Authors: Crawford David I. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWith the demand for new television services in cabled systems increasing, there is an abundance of proposals for new transmission formats. This paper provides a tutorial review of existing analogue television transmission formats for distribution to the home; its scope does not cover studio or digital signal formats. The paper shows from first principles how the more efficient component signals used in modern video transmission formats are derived from three independent primary colour signals at source. Both composite and component signal formats are then described, and a comprehensive range of specific examples are compared.
A high‐speed four‐channel subscriber fibre‐optic link for broadband networks
Authors: Stephens W. E. , Rosin E. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the performance of a 560 Mb/s digital fibre‐optic link designed specifically for possible use in a broadband integrated services digital network (BISDN) environment. Four 140 Mb/s non‐return‐to‐zero (NRZ) channels are time division multiplexed using a bit‐by‐bit multiplexing strategy and transmitted using potentially low cost 1.3 μm EE‐LED and laser sources. A 10−9 bit error rate with a power level of ‐34 dBm was achieved for each independent channel over a distance of 10 km.
Wavelength‐division integration of services in fibre‐optic networks
Authors: Perrier Philippe A. , Prucnal Paul R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA flexible fibre‐optic network architecture for the integration of multiple services is proposed and demonstrated. The traffic requirements of each service are addressed by using distinct wavelengths and multiple‐access schemes. The separation of services by wavelength eliminates the need for complex bandwidth allocation and multiplexing techniques. As a consequence of wavelength‐division, the network can be seen as consisting of a collection of subnetworks, each carrying a different service. Different data rates and signal formats are easily accommodated. To the user, however, the integration appears complete.
Metropolitan area networks and ATM technology
Authors: Mollenauer James F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMetropolitan area networks are evolving to fill the gap between local and wide area networks. The standards organization for such networks, IEEE Project 802.6, is defining a standard with unique advantages in scheduling and failure recovery. It is highly compatible with broadband ISDN and ATM switch technology. The resulting combination will be a seamless network embracing both customer buildings within metropolitan areas and world‐wide interconnection.
Circuit emulations
Authors: Kim C. K. , Lee S. H. , Wu L. T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe deployment of broadband public packet networks requires integrating packet technology into the larger, predominantly circuit‐switched world. In this paper, we translate the need for circuit‐switched network compatibility into a class of packet transport capabilities referred to as circuit emulations. We first present our initial estimates of performance goals for emulating circuit‐switched connections in a broadband packet network. To show the feasibility of this new networking approach, we then describe a switch design capable of satisfying the stringent packet loss rate and delay requirements for emulating circuits at the DS1 rate and above. Finally, we demonstrate the ability to reconstruct continuous signals from emulated circuits using a simple time‐averaging clock recovery scheme based on a computer simulation model.
The virtual path identifier and its applications for routeing and priority of connectionless and connection‐orientated services
Authors: Adams J. L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA feature of ATM networks is that they can be configured with paths routed through a number of switching stages which can each take many thousands of connections and which can each be assigned capacity dynamically. A large number of such paths, known as virtual paths, can be established from each network node without consuming much network capacity, since they can be assigned limited or zero capacity when unused. Virtual paths can be used to provide faster connection set‐up times or a faster transfer time for connectionless messages, and greater routeing flexibility. In particular they can be used to provide very fast transfer of signalling information between any two processors in a set of many thousands configured as a distributed processing control plane. They can also be used to indicate quality of service (QOS) values. These different issues are discussed in this paper, leading to some recommendations on the size of the virtual path identifier (VPI) field suitable for signalling and connectionless and connection‐orientated services.
Realization of a 450 mhz cable tv system compatible with existing networks
Authors: Lange Heinz 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the realization in West Germany of a 450 MHz cable TV system, which matches into the infrastructure already formed by the existing 300 MHz systems. The studies and developments done to achieve this are described, and the results of a field trial detailed. Finally the impact of the new MAC standard is discussed.
Advances in the British telecom switched‐star cable TV system to MKII and beyond
Authors: Boswell E. J. , Fox J. R. , Ritchie W. K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe paper reviews the first switched‐star network (SSN) deployed in Westminster. It then goes on to look at the MkII development, based on a new switching chip, which allows the use of significantly smaller street cabinets. Finally work on a broadband, integrated service, all‐fibre network, is introduced as the current step in the SSN development programme.
The customer premises network for ATM: Architecture and standardization issues
Authors: Pauwels B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses the architecture of ATM‐based customer premises networks (CPN), which can easily be tailored to the needs of a broad range of residential and (small) business customers.A first part analyses the functions of the classical CCITT reference model, and regroups them into building blocks for a new model. This model features a high degree of modularity, and interfaces with low‐level functionality. The building blocks for this CPN are the network termination, connection subnets and switching subnets.Following this, some issues related to the user‐network interface standardization are addressed, as this interface has potential to be a candidate for application in the whole CPN. Owing to publication schedules, the author did not have the opportunity to take into account the recent decisions taken by CCITT concerning ATM standards.
Management of capacity and control in broadband ISDN
Authors: Burgin John L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe trend towards integration of services onto a single network and the addition of accompanying control features has led to an increase in the complexity of functional signalling protocols. A continuing dramatic reduction in the cost of traffic‐carrying capacity has meant that call control costs are becoming an increasingly significant component of the total network cost. In BISDN, the support of many diverse services may result in an excessive control cost. To avoid this potential problem, virtual paths may be used. Capacity may be reserved on virtual paths to simplify the set‐up procedure for individual calls. One benefit of this approach is that the cost of establishing a virtual path is shared among all individual connections which subsequently use it. However, this reduced control cost comes at the expense of installing additional traffic carrying capacity. This paper describes techniques for the management of traffic carrying capacity and control mechanisms in BISDN and presents a cost‐benefit analysis to determine policies for reserving capacity on virtual paths. Significant savings in the total BISDN cost can result from the use of virtual paths.
The effect of eliminating the standby state on DQDB performance under overload
Authors: Zukerman Moshe , Potter Philip G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper provides first a description of DQDB focusing mainly on its distributed queue operation. Then, the performance of DQDB under traffic saturation for the cases of concentrated and widely separated sources is studied and discussed with a special focus on the effect of the elimination of the STANDBY state on fairness and throughput. Finally, the performance with variable bit rate video traffic is examined by simulation for a small DQDB network whereby a comparison of performance results between DQDB with and without STANDBY is presented.
Comparison of ATM switching architectures
Authors: Wulleman Raymond , van Landegem Thierry 
Published: July 2007

AbstractClear examination of work currently done within CCITT indicates the importance of a broadband telecommunication network. As this network should be capable of integrating all services in an efficient way—in order to reduce cost—the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) was selected by CCITT as the target transfer mode for implementing the broadband integrated services digital network (BISDN). This selection implies that the switching nodes in the BISDN network are capable of supporting this high‐speed packet and connection‐orientated technique. Within the literature different switching node architectures based upon ATM have been proposed. All of these architectures should meet the high‐speed and high‐throughput requirements so as to cope with the delay and jitter performance objectives. In a first step this paper describes alternative switching techniques for the basic building block (switching element) of a switching node. A common model architecture of the switching element is drafted. A classification of switching elements described in the literature is derived and the influence on the complexity and performance is weighted. In a second step the switching node architecture is further elaborated according to the control and flexibility requirements. Core (switching) and edge (switching related) functions are listed, and possible functional partitionings are discussed. Finally, these ATM switching architectures are compared according to a background frame consisting of several straightforward comparison points such as the buffering strategy, the internal routeing method, the switching overhead, the connection‐orientated or connectionless operation, etc.
Traffic studies of a multiplexer in an ATM network and applications to the future broadband ISDN
Authors: Lampe D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn the first part of this paper the influence of the arrival process on these three performance parameters is discussed. The values of these three performance parameters depend strongly on the utilization distribution over the input trunks of the multiplexer while the total utilization on the input trunks is fixed. If there is the same utilization on all input trunks, the values of these three performance paramters reach a maximum. This result is also valid for an ATM switching matrix with a separate FIFO buffer at each output trunk.In the second part of this paper some examples are provided of how to apply the results of these studies to the future broadband ISDN which is intended to transmit services with very high bit rates (e.g. 135 Mb/s) as well as services with very low bit rates (e.g. 64 kb/s).
Buffer sizing for synchronous self‐routeing broadband packet switches with bursty traffic
Authors: Hou Ting‐Chao , Lucantoni David M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPrevious studies on the performance of synchronous self‐routeing packet switches have assumed that the input traffic is random, i.e. there is no correlation between adjacent packet arrivals. This assumption is generally not valid in the data communication environment (e.g. host‐to‐host communication) where a file transfer usually generates a string of correlated packets. The consequence is that the random traffic assumption greatly underestimates the buffer requirement of the switch. In this paper, we model each input traffic stream as a binary source as a first step to understand the performance of a packet switch in a bursty traffic environment. We found that, given a fixed traffic load (or switch utilization), the required buffer size increases linearly as the burstiness index (the average burst length) of the traffic increases. In addition, the required buffer size is more sensitive to the burstiness of the traffic, when the average traffic load is higher and when the packet loss requirement is more stringent.Initial applications of broadband packet switches are likely to be the interconnections of LANs and hosts. The results of the study indicate that the high burstiness in certain broadband traffic significantly reduces the allowable switch utilization, given a fixed amount of buffers. To increase the switch utilization, an appropriate congestion control mechanism needs to be implemented.
A high‐performance switch fabric for integrated circuit and packet switching
Authors: Ahmadi Hamid , Denzel Wolfgang E. , Murphy Charles A. , Port Erich 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes an architecture for a high‐performance switching fabric that can accommodate circuit‐switched and packet‐switched traffic in a unified manner. The switch fabric is self‐routeing and uses fixed‐length minipackets within the switching fabric for all types of connections. Its kernel architecture is based on a routeing topology with individual connection paths from all inputs to all outputs and with FIFO queuing at each output. Owing to the disjoint connection paths, there is no internal blocking, and because of output queueing, output port blocking is prevented to a great extent. The uniformity in architecture allows construction of any size fabric from a single basic module which could be realized on a single chip. Larger‐size configurations can be realized either as single‐stage or multistage configuration. The second part of this paper discusses performance aspects and gives results and dimensioning guidelines for both circuit‐switched and packet‐switched traffic.
Intrusion detection and tolerance: A global scheme
Authors: Djemaiel Yacine , Rekhis Slim , Boudriga Noureddine 
Published: July 2007

AbstractProtecting implemented security mechanisms and trusting their output (e.g. log files) when the host, under which they are deployed, is compromised, is among the major challenges that have to be faced. To fulfil this need, recent advances in security have considered the design of storage‐based intrusion detection system, which detect intrusions by looking at the low‐level disk requests patterns. However, these systems neither tolerate intrusions, nor do they distinguish whether the disk requests are generated by legitimate or malicious processes; and consequently, they generate a lot of false negative and positive alerts. In this paper, we present a Cooperative Intrusion Detection and Tolerance System, called CIDTS, which takes advantage of the information that are available at the network, host operating system, and storage level to better detect intrusion attempts in their early stages, even when the host is compromised. To allow cooperation, the disk communication interface that transports requests between the storage level and the host level is extended to forward information about the processes that generate the request. The paper also provides intrusion tolerance capabilities and provides techniques to support investigation activities. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highest‐density forecast regions for nonlinear and non‐normal time series models
Authors: Hyndman Rob J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractForecast regions are a common way to summarize forecast accuracy. They usually consist of an interval symmetric about the forecast mean. However, symmetric intervals may not be appropriate forecast regions when the forecast density is not symmetric and unimodal. With many modern time series models, such as those which are non‐linear or have non‐normal errors, the forecast densities are often asymmetric or multimodal. The problem of obtaining forecast regions in such cases is considered and it is proposed that highest‐density forecast regions be used. A graphical method for presenting the results is discussed.
Level shifts, temporary changes and forecasting
Authors: Trívez F. Javier 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of not treating Level Shift and Temporary Change outliers on the point forecasts and prediction intervals from ARIMA models. One of the principal conclusions is that the outliers of the type discussed here considerably increase the inaccuracy of point forecasts, although the latter depends not only on the time of occurrence of the outliers from the forecast origin but also on the type of ARIMA processes under consideration. However, regardless of the time of occurrence and of the type of ARIMA processes considered, Level Shifts and Temporary Changes significantly affect the width of the prediction intervals.
Wilms' tumor with an apparently balanced translocation t(X;18) resulting in deletion of the WTX gene
Authors: Han Moonjoo , Rivera Miguel N. , Batten Julie M. , Haber Daniel A. , Cin Paola Dal , Iafrate A. John 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe recent description of a new X chromosome tumor suppressor gene, WTX, that is commonly inactivated in Wilms' tumor prompted us to examine the possible involvement of WTX in a case of Wilms' tumor containing an apparently balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosomes X and 18 (t(X;18)(q11;p11)). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of paraffin tumor sections indeed revealed a deletion of the WTX locus at Xq11. High‐resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) analysis of tumor DNA revealed a 1.5 Mb chromosome deletion encompassing the WTX gene at Xq11. No loss of genetic material was detected on chromosome 18. Interestingly, unlike most tumors with acquired chromosomal translocations, where a new fusion oncogene or promoter‐oncogene fusion is created and drives tumor growth, the t(X;18) in this tumor appears to drive tumorigenesis via deletion of a tumor suppressor. This case demonstrates the importance of array CGH and FISH as adjuncts in tumor cytogenetics and in identifying pathogenic microdeletions in “balanced” translocations that are not truly balanced. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.