bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group processes in food choices: The role of ethnic identity and perceived ethnic norms upon intentions to purchase ethnical food products
Authors: Nenci Anna Maria , Carrus Giuseppe , Caddeo Pierluigi , Meloni Antonella 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA study tested an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model, inclusive of measures of ethnical identification and perceived ethnic group norms, in the ethnical food purchasing domain. One hundred and thirty‐five Jamaicans, living in the Brixton neighbourhood, London, were administered a self‐reported questionnaire measuring the classical TPB components (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, behavioural intentions) plus three additional components: identification with the Jamaican group, perceived norms of the Jamaican group and past behaviour. Results of hierarchical multiple regressions showed that past behaviour, ethnical identification and perceived group norms explain an additional proportion of variance in intentions, independently of attitudes, subjective norms and perceived control. A two‐way interaction, between ethnical identification and perceived group norms, was detected. A stronger relation between group norms and intentions emerged among high ethnical identifiers. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Media and community anxieties about men's interactions with children
Authors: Hodgetts Darrin , Rua Mohi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPartially as a response to community concerns related to sexual abuse, men's interactions with other people's children have become highly regulated. This paper documents media deliberations regarding the maintenance of barriers to men's interactions with children. Attention is given to news coverage of an incidence where a man was asked to shift seats on an aircraft due to an airline policy prohibiting men from sitting next to unaccompanied children. Media framing of controversy surrounding this incidence occurred across television, radio and newspaper reports and letters to the editor and talkback radio calls. Coverage reveals tensions between negative constructions of pedophiles and positive constructions of family men. The analysis highlights dilemmas within popular knowledge regarding children's safety and discrimination against men. Implications of media framing of such issues are explored through the experiences of 12 men participating in ongoing research into bloke culture in New Zealand. Seven of these men raised the airline case to invoke tensions they face when interacting with children. Of particular note are the ways in which men use media items as shared reference points for making sense of their own situations. The research strategy of analysing media items identified by research participants enables us to demonstrate the legacy of media and community deliberations in the accounts and relational practices of men. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protecting the Nation: Nationalist rhetoric on asylum seekers and the Tampa
Authors: O'Doherty Kieran , Augoustinos Martha 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper analyses texts from the Australian print media that invoke nationalist discourse in the so‐called ‘Tampa crisis’ of 2001, which involved the boarding by Australian military troops of a civilian Norwegian shipping vessel (the Tampa) that had rescued a group of asylum seekers. In particular, we are interested in how military action was justified in public discourse against a group of civilians through the use of arguments relying in some form or another on the notion of nationhood and national identity. We employ a critical discursive methodology to investigate how some of these descriptions worked to legitimate the Australian government's role in these events and demonstrate some of the mechanisms by which discourses of nation can operate in the marginalization of asylum seekers. We conclude that presenting issues relating to asylum seekers and the Tampa at a level of national identity was critical in justifying the Australian government's stance and actions. We also raise some concerns about the consequences that may follow from the Australian government's actions and reliance on nationalist rhetoric. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subset selection strategy
Authors: Rodionova Oxana Y. , Pomerantsev Alexey L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA new technique for representative subset selection is presented. The advocated method selects unambiguously the most important objects among the calibration set and uses this subset for the model development without significant deterioration in the predictive ability. The method is called boundary subset selection and it is an inherent part of the Simple Interval Calculation (SIC) approach. SIC is a method for linear modeling, which is based on the assumption of error boundedness. The primary SIC consequence is an object status classification (OSClas) that reveals the most influential objects and also designates the most stable and reliable ones. The OSClas is used as the main tool for representative subset selection. The presented results are compared with widely used Kennard–Stone algorithm and D‐optimal design procedure employing three real‐world examples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal corrections for digitization and quantification effects in angle measure technique (AMT) texture analysis
Authors: Kucheryavski Sergei V. , Kvaal Knut , Halstensen Maths , Mortensen Peter Paasch , Dahl Casper K. , Minkkinen Pentti , Esbensen Kim H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe effects of digitization and quantification in one‐ and two‐dimensional signals on angle measure technique (AMT) texture analysis are described in order to find optimal corrections. AMT analysis with varying parameters has been carried out on simulated and real images as well on time‐series data. All images and signals are of high resolution in order to study these effects with particularly attention to the low(est), local scales. Quantification effects are studied by multiplying original images or signals by varying scale factor values, K with posterior round‐up, while digitization effects were realized by applying various resampling schemes for images and signals using bilinear interpolation. Results lead to general conclusions regarding possible operational regimes for correction of these adverse effects as a function of optimal scale‐ and sampling‐factors during AMT pre‐processing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In‐line monitoring of reactive crystallization process based on ATR–FTIR and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Alatalo Hannu , Kohonen Jarno , Qu Haiyan , Hatakka Henry , Reinikainen Satu‐Pia , Louhi‐Kultanen Marjatta , Kallas Juha 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe paper studies the utilization of attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transformed infrared (ATR–FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy to investigate isothermal semi‐batch precipitation of a model compound, L‐glutamic acid. ATR–FTIR spectroscopy was mainly used for in‐line monitoring of the solution phase and Raman spectroscopy for analysis of the solid phase. L‐glutamic acid has two reported polymorphs: a metastable α form and a stable β form. The β form can be obtained at relatively high supersaturation levels at 25°C. The synthesis consists of a sodium glutamate reaction with sulfuric acid yielding L‐glutamic acid crystals and sodium sulfate as a side‐product solute. The spectral data were utilized to interpret the crystallization process using multivariate methods. A thermodynamic model taking into account the non‐ideal character of the studied compound system and dissociation of different compounds is introduced. The resolution of ATR–FTIR is not sufficient to determine directly the L‐glutamic acid concentration in the solution. Therefore, special efforts were made to determine the instantaneous concentration of dissolved glutamic acid based on the mass balance and ATR–FTIR spectra. Calibration concentrations were based on thermodynamic data. Multivariate methods were applied in monitoring the precipitation process and to predict indirectly the concentration of the chemical compounds. In this study, the spectra from ATR–FTIR were utilized to estimate and predict the concentrations from thermodynamic modeling. It was also investigated if the Raman spectra could be used for this purpose. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative results from single‐particle characterization data
Authors: Hopke Philip K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn order to obtain a better understanding of the atmospheric aerosol, several techniques have been developed to examine the nature of individual airborne particles including computer‐controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) and aerosol time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS). In both cases, the chemical information derived by these techniques is qualitative, but can serve as the basis for classification of the particles into classes with similar chemical compositions. The mass or number concentrations of the particles in each of the identified classes then becomes a quantitative variable that can be used in source apportionment studies or with an external calibration data set to estimate the bulk composition of the sampled aerosol. In this paper, the approaches to particle classification include adaptive resonance theory (ART) neural networks and Density Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise (DBSCAN). Applications of these approaches to specific source identification and apportionment problems will be presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The PLS model space revisited
Authors: Wold Svante , Høy Martin , Martens Harald , Trygg Johan , Westad Frank , MacGregor John , Wise Barry M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPell, Ramos and Manne (PRM) in a recent article in this journal claim that the ‘conventional’ PLS algorithm with orthogonal scores has an inherent inconsistency in that it uses different model spaces for calculating the prediction model coefficients and for calculating the X‐space model and it's residuals [1]. We disagree with PRM. All PLS model scores, residuals, coefficients, etc., obtained by the conventional PLS algorithm do come from the same underlying latent variable (LV) model, and not from different models or model spaces as PRM suggest. PRM have simply posed a different model with different assumptions and obtained slightly different results, as should have been expected. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using OrPLS to identify asymptomatic women at risk for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Rayens William , Liu Yushu , Andersen Anders , Smith Charles 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPersons at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) demonstrate altered cortical activation measured by functional MRI (fMRI) years before symptoms of disease are expected. We used fMRI to study the differences in cortical activation between 13 women with a family history of AD and at least one apolipoprotein E4 allele, a risk factor for AD, and a control group of 11 women lacking both factors. Our primary goal was to assess how well the two groups are able to be statistically separated, a task which directly affects the performance of post hoc classification. The dimension of the dataset, however, precludes the use of ordinary classification methods. In this paper we show the superiority of using Oriented Partial Least Squares (OrPLS) to accomplish the classification in the presence of this dimensionality problem. We are able to reduce the misclassification rates on the standardized fMRI data from an average of about 48% for PCA, to an average of 27% for PLS, and then to perfect classification for OrPLS. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of all‐trans‐Oligodiacetylenes
Authors: Pilzak Gregor S. , van Lagen Barend , Hendrikx Cindy C. J. , Sudhölter Ernst J. R. , Zuilhof Han 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA new series of pure and highly soluble oligodiacetylenes (ODAs) was synthesized in high yield and on a multi‐milligram scale by a sequence of Sonogashira reactions with a strongly reduced level of homocoupling. The λmax and εmax of these ODAs show an increase with both chain elongation and solvent polarity. A plot of λmax absorption versus 1/CL (CL=conjugation length) was shown to be linear. The λmax converges to 435 nm for the longest members of the series at micromolar concentration. This reveals that the longest wavelength absorption observed for PDA chains (λmax up to 700 nm) is due to aggregation effects. The fluorescence quantum yield increased from monomer to trimer and decreased for longer ODAs. A similar trend is found for the lifetime of fluorescence with a maximum of 600 ps for the trimer. The observed linearity of the rotational correlation time with the oligomer length implies that the ODA chains in solution lack significant geometrical changes. This implies that the ODAs in solution are fully stretched molecular rods of up to 4 nm in length.
Recognition of Ionic Guests by Ionic β‐Cyclodextrin Derivatives
Authors: Wenz Gerhard , Strassnig Christian , Thiele Carolin , Engelke Annegret , Morgenstern Bernd , Hegetschweiler Kaspar 
Published: July 2008

AbstractInclusion compounds of cationic, anionic, and neutral p‐substituted derivatives of tert‐butylbenzene complexed in β‐cyclodextrin and its ionic 6‐mono and 6‐hepta derivatives were systematically investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). All inclusion compounds showed 1:1 stoichiometry with binding constants ranging from 10 to 3×106 M−1. The binding free energies could be subdivided into apolar and electrostatic contributions. The electrostatic interactions could be quantitatively described by Coulomb's law by taking into account the degree of protonation of hosts and guests, the orientations of the guests within the hosts, and ion shielding as described by the Debye–Hückel–Onsager theory. The orientations of the guests within the cyclodextrin cavities were determined by ROESY NMR spectroscopy.
Helicate Extension as a Route to Molecular Wires
Authors: Schultz David , Biaso Frédéric , Shahi Abdul Rehaman Moughal , Geoffroy Michel , Rissanen Kari , Gagliardi Laura , Cramer Christopher J. , Nitschke Jonathan R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe describe the preparation of a helicate containing four closely spaced, linearly arrayed copper(I) ions. This product may be prepared either directly by mixing copper(I) with a set of precursor amine and aldehyde subcomponents, or indirectly through the dimerization of a dicopper(I) helicate upon addition of 1,2‐phenylenediamine. A notable feature of this helicate is that its length is not limited by the lengths of its precursor subcomponents: each of the two ligands wrapped around the four copper(I) centers contains one diamine, two dialdehyde, and two monoamine residues. This work thus paves the way for the preparation of longer oligo‐ and polymeric structures. DFT calculations and electrochemical measurements indicate a high degree of electronic delocalization among the metal ions forming the cores of the structures described herein, which may therefore be described as “molecular wires”.
Construction of Titanasiloxanes by Incorporation of Silanols to the Metal Oxide Model [{Ti(η5‐C5Me5)(μ‐O)}3(μ3‐CR)]: DFT Elucidation of the Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Carbó Jorge J. , González‐del Moral Octavio , Martín Avelino , Mena Miguel , Poblet Josep‐M. , Santamaría Cristina 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA family of novel titanasiloxanes containing the structural unit {[Ti(η5‐C5Me5)O]3} were synthesized by hydron‐transfer processes involving reactions with equimolecular amounts of μ3‐alkylidyne derivatives [{Ti(η5‐C5Me5)(μ‐O)}3(μ3‐CR)] (R=H (1), Me (2)) and monosilanols, R3′Si(OH), silanediols, R2′Si(OH)2, and the silanetriol tBuSi(OH)3. Treatment of 1 and 2 with triorganosilanols (R′=Ph, iPr) in hexane affords the new metallasiloxane derivatives [{Ti(η5‐C5Me5)(μ‐O)}3(μ‐CHR)(OSiR3′)] (R=H, R′=Ph (3), iPr (4); R=Me, R′=Ph (5), iPr (6)). Analogous reactions with silanediols, (R′=Ph, iPr), give the cyclic titanasiloxanes [{Ti(η5‐C5Me5)(μ‐O)}3(μ‐O2SiR′2)(R)] (R=Me, R′=Ph (7), iPr (8); R=Et, R′=Ph (9), iPr (10)). Utilization of tBuSi(OH)3 with 1 or 2 at room temperature produces the intermediate complexes [{Ti(η5‐C5Me5) (μ‐O)}3(μ‐O2Si(OH)tBu)(R)] (R=Me (11), Et(12)). Further heating of solutions of 11 or 12 affords the same compound with an adamantanoid structure, [{Ti(η5‐C5Me5)(μ‐O)}3(μ‐O3SitBu)] (13) and methane or ethane elimination, respectively. The X‐ray crystal structures of 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 13 have been determined. To gain an insight into the mechanism of these reactions, DFT calculations have been performed on the incorporation of monosilanols to the model complex [{Ti(η5‐C5H5)(μ‐O)}3(μ3‐CMe)] (2 H). The proposed mechanism consists of three steps: 1) hydron transfer from the silanol to one of the oxygen atoms of the Ti3O3 ring, forming a titanasiloxane; 2) intramolecular hydron migration to the alkylidyne moiety; and 3) a μ‐alkylidene ligand rotation to give the final product.
Synthesis of functional poly(phenyl isocyanide)s with macromolecular helicity memory and their use as asymmetric organocatalysts
Authors: Miyabe Toshitaka , Hase Yoko , Iida Hiroki , Maeda Katsuhiro , Yashima Eiji 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTo develop a novel polymer‐based asymmetric organocatalyst, a series of helical poly(phenyl isocyanide)s with functional pendant groups were prepared by modifying the side groups of the optically active helical poly(4‐carboxyphenyl isocyanide) with a macromolecular helicity memory. Helical polyisocyanides partially modified with achiral amines, such as piperazine, maintained their chiral memory and enantioselectively catalyzed a direct aldol reaction. Although the enantioselectivity was low, the original helical poly(4‐carboxyphenyl isocyanide) showed no catalytic activity. These results indicated that the macromolecular helicity of the modified polyisocyanides together with bifunctional amino and carboxy acid pendant residues arranged in a helical array along the polymer backbones plays an important role in the enantioselectivity. Chirality, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Back Trajectory Analysis of Precipitation Chemistry in the Urban and Forest Areas of Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Saylan Levent , Toros Hüseyin , Sen Orhan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThere are many influences on precipitation chemistry and its variation. The transport paths of air masses before rainfall provide useful knowledge for evaluating and understanding the results of the analysis of the chemical compositions of precipitation. As a consequence, it is important to determine the variation of the chemical composition of rainwater by back trajectory analysis for estimating the source of the emissions. In this study, the rainwater samples were collected using specially designed collectors between November 1997 and June 1998 in the urban and forest areas of Istanbul. The rainwater samples were analyzed for major ion concentrations and pH. The volume‐weighed mean pH values were 5.8. The rainwater samples were classified to determine the source region of pollutants in rainwater using synoptic maps. In general, the results of the analysis on the chemical concentrations of precipitation during the measurement period showed that most of ions reached Istanbul from the directions of W‐SW, NW‐W, and NE‐N, respectively.
CaMK‐II promotes focal adhesion turnover and cell motility by inducing tyrosine dephosphorylation of FAK and paxillin
Authors: Easley Charles A. , Brown Claire M. , Horwitz Alan F. , Tombes Robert M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTransient elevations in Ca2+ have previously been shown to promote focal adhesion disassembly and cell motility through an unknown mechanism. In this study, evidence is provided to show that CaMK‐II, a Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase, influences fibroblast adhesion and motility. TIRF microscopy reveals a dynamic population of CaMK‐II at the cell surface in migrating cells. Inhibition of CaMK‐II with two mechanistically distinct, membrane permeant inhibitors (KN‐93 and myr‐AIP) freezes lamellipodial dynamics, accelerates spreading on fibronectin, enlarges paxillin‐containing focal adhesions and blocks cell motility. In contrast, constitutively active CaMK‐II is not found at the cell surface, reduces cell attachment, eliminates paxillin from focal adhesions and decreases the phospho‐tyrosine levels of both FAK and paxillin; all of these events can be reversed with myr‐AIP. Thus, both CaMK‐II inhibition and constitutive activation block cell motility through over‐stabilization or destabilization of focal adhesions, respectively. Coupled with the existence of transient Ca2+ elevations and a dynamic CaMK‐II population, these findings provide the first direct evidence that CaMK‐II enables cell motility by transiently and locally stimulating tyrosine dephosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins to promote focal adhesion turnover. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of polarity in cells devoid of actin bundle system after treatment with inhibitors of myosin II activity
Authors: Shutova Maria S. , Alexandrova Antonina Y. , Vasiliev Jury M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractInterplay of two cytoskeletal systems ‐ microfilaments and microtubules is essential for directional cell movement. To better understand the role of those cytoskeletal systems in polarization of cells, rat fibroblasts were incubated with drugs inhibiting activity of myosin II: blebbistatin and Y‐27632. Both drugs led to disappearance of actin‐myosin bundles and mature focal cell‐matrix adhesions but did not affect polarization and directional motility. The rate of motility even increased after inhibitor treatment. The characteristic feature of inhibitor‐treated fibroblasts was collapse of the cytoplasm accompanied by bundling of microtubules that led to transformation of lamellae into long immobile tails. The only exception was the leading anterior lamella which was not transformed into the tail and supported directional movement of the cell. The tail at the cell rear determined the position of anterior lamella and direction of locomotion. Depolymerization of microtubules by colcemid stopped directional locomotion of inhibitor‐treated cells. These data show that integrity of the microtubular system provides the basic mechanism of polarization and orientation which is only modified by interactions with actin‐myosin system and cell‐substrate adhesions. We suggest that the position of bundled tail microtubules and dispersed microtubules in leading lamella determine polarization in cells lacking stress fibers and focal adhesions. Thus, polarization is based on microtubule‐dependent mechanisms both in non‐contractile and contractile cells. These mechanisms could switch dependent on circumstances as fibroblasts may acquire non‐contractile phenotype, not only after direct inhibition of myosin II but also in certain conditions of microenvironment [Rhee et al., 2007, 104:5425–5430]. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cortactin branches out: Roles in regulating protrusive actin dynamics
Authors: Ammer Amanda Gatesman , Weed Scott A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSince its discovery in the early 1990's, cortactin has emerged as a key signaling protein in many cellular processes, including cell adhesion, migration, endocytosis, and tumor invasion. While the list of cellular functions influenced by cortactin grows, the ability of cortactin to interact with and alter the cortical actin network is central to its role in regulating these processes. Recently, several advances have been made in our understanding of the interaction between actin and cortactin, providing insight into how these two proteins work together to provide a framework for normal and altered cellular function. This review examines how regulation of cortactin through post‐translational modifications and interactions with multiple binding partners elicits changes in cortical actin cytoskeletal organization, impacting the regulation and formation of actin‐rich motility structures. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.