bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking cycles of Phanerozoic opening and closing of ocean basins using detrital rutile and zircon geochronology and geochemistry
Authors: Odlum Margaret L. , Capaldi Tomas N. , Thomson Kelly D. , Stockli Daniel F. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Sedimentary basins provide a deep time archive of tectonic and Earth-surface processes that can be leveraged by detrital mineral U-Pb dating and geochemistry to track paleogeography, magmatism, and crustal evolution. Zircon preserves the long-term (billions of years) record of supercontinent cycles; however, it is biased toward preserving felsic crustal records. Detrital rutile complements the detrital zircon record by providing constraints on the time and temperature of rifting and mafic magmatism, metamorphism, exhumation of the middle and lower crust, subduction, and amagmatic orogenesis. We use detrital zircon U-Pb and detrital rutile U-Pb geochronology and trace element analysis of Permian to Eocene siliciclastic rocks in the southern Pyrenees to capture supercontinent cycles of ocean basins opening and closing. Detrital rutile age spectra show peaks at ca. 100 Ma associated with rifting and hyperextension in the Pyrenean realm, 200 Ma associated with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, and 330 Ma, 375 Ma, and 400 Ma associated with subduction and Rheic Ocean crust formation. Zr-in-rutile thermometry and rutile Cr-Nb systematics provide further insight into metamorphic facies (peak metamorphic temperatures) and source rock lithology (mafic versus felsic affinity). Detrital zircon age spectra have peaks at ca. 300 Ma, 450 Ma, and 600 Ma associated with major orogenic events and felsic magmatism, and Th/U ratios provide information on relative zircon formation temperatures. Comparison of these independent records shows that detrital rutile reflects rifting, magma-poor orogenesis, and oceanic lithospheric processes, while detrital zircon detects continental lithospheric processes. Integrated detrital zircon and rutile data sets archive past geological events across multiple Wilson cycles.
Changing contexts of child health: an assessment of unmet physical, psychological and social needs of children with common chronic childhood illness
Authors: Lingam Raghu , Hu Nan , Cecil Elizabeth , Forman Julia , Newham James , Satherley Rose-Marie , Bori Marina Soley , Cousens Simon , Fox-Rushby Julia , Wolfe Ingrid 
Published: February 2024

Background
We assessed the biopsychosocial needs and key health drivers among children living with a common chronic illness, as baseline for a cluster randomised controlled trial of a child health system strengthening intervention.

Methods
Cross-sectional data were analysed from a large population sample of children from South London with asthma, eczema or constipation, as exemplar tracer conditions of a new integrated care service. Descriptive and regression analyses, accounting for sociodemographic factors, investigated social needs, psychosocial outcomes and quality of life associated with poor symptom control.

Results
Among 7779 children, 4371 children (56%) had at least one uncontrolled physical health condition. Across the three domains of physical health, mental health and social needs, 77.5% of children (n=4304 of 5554) aged 4–15 years had at least one unmet need, while 16.3% of children had three unmet needs. Children from the most socioeconomically disadvantaged quintile had a 20% increased risk of at least one poorly controlled physical condition (risk ratio (RR)=1.20, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.31, p<0.001) compared with those from the least disadvantaged quintile. There was an 85% increased risk of clinically important mental health needs among children with uncontrolled asthma (RR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.65 to 2.07, p<0.001), 57% for active constipation (RR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.20, p<0.01) and 39% for uncontrolled eczema (RR=1.39, 95% CI: 1.24 to 1.56, p<0.001). Health-related quality of life was associated with poor symptom control.

Conclusions
There is a large burden of unmet biopsychosocial needs among children with chronic illness, signalling an urgent need for prevention, early intervention and integrated biopsychosocial care.
Internet-based behavioural activation therapy versus online psychoeducation for self-reported suicidal ideation in individuals with depression in Indonesia: a secondary analysis of an RCT
Authors: Heuschen Caroline B B C M , Bolhuis Koen , Zantvoord Jasper B , Arjadi Retha , Denys Damiaan A J P , Nauta Maaike H , Lok Anja , Bockting Claudi L 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundSoutheast Asia has the highest suicide mortality worldwide. To improve our knowledge on the effectiveness of interventions for suicidal ideation (SI) in individuals with depression in Indonesia, we conducted a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.ObjectiveWe explored whether an internet-based behavioural activation (BA) intervention (‘Guided Act and Feel Indonesia’ (GAF-ID)) was superior in targeting SI compared with online-delivered psychoeducation (PE).MethodsIn total, 313 participants were randomised between treatment allocation. The SI item of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was the primary outcome measure. Mediation analyses were conducted to identify if BA at week 10 mediated the relationship between intervention and SI at week 24.FindingsThe GAF-ID intervention was not superior in reducing SI compared with online minimal PE at week 10 (OR 0.61, 95% CI (0.37 to 1.01)), nor at week 24 (OR 0.84, 95% CI (0.47 to 1.52)). SI at week 24 was not mediated by BA at week 10 (b=−0.03, 95% CI (−0.05 to 0.00), p=0.07).ConclusionsIn individuals with depression in Indonesia, the GAF-ID intervention was not superior in reducing self-reported SI compared with PE. Also, the association between treatment condition and SI at week 24 was not mediated via BA at week 10.Clinical implicationsThis study supports the need for further research on the efficacy of psychological treatments targeting SI in the Southeast Asia context.
Remote pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease: developing the model using experience-based codesign
Authors: Brighton Lisa Jane , Spain Nannette , Gonzalez-Nieto Jose , Ingram Karen A , Harvey Jennifer , Man William D-C , Nolan Claire M 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundRemote delivery may improve access to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Existing studies are largely limited to individuals with COPD, and the interventions have lacked codesign elements to reflect the needs and experiences of people with chronic respiratory disease, their carers/families and healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was, using experience-based codesign (EBCD), to collaborate with people with interstitial lung disease (ILD), their carers/families and healthcare professionals, to codesign a remote PR programme ready for testing in a future study.MethodsEBCD comprises interviews, stakeholder workshops and codesign meetings. One-to-one videorecorded interviews with purposively selected people with ILD with experience of PR, their carers/families and healthcare professionals, were edited into a 20 min film. The film was shown at three audiorecorded stakeholder feedback events to identify key themes and touchpoints, and short-list key programme components. The programme was finalised at two further codesign workshops.ResultsTen people with ILD, four carers/families and seven healthcare professionals were interviewed. Participants in the codesign workshops included service-user group: n=14 and healthcare professional group: n=11; joint event: n=21. Final refinements were made with small codesign teams, one comprising three people with ILD and one carer/family member, one with five healthcare professionals. The final codesigned model is a group based, supervised programme delivered by videoconference. Key elements of programme specific to ILD include recommendations to ensure participant safety in the context of desaturation risk, dedicated time for peer support and adaption of the education programme for ILD needs, including signposting to palliative care.ConclusionIn this EBCD project, a remote PR programme for people with ILD was codesigned by service-users, their carers/families and multidisciplinary healthcare professionals. Future research should explore the feasibility and acceptability of this intervention.
Effectiveness of the KC@H programme compared with clinic-based rehabilitation in patients recovering from ACL reconstruction: a study protocol for a single-centre, two-arm, single-blinded, randomised controlled superiority trial
Authors: Alegrete Joana , Batalha Nuno , Fernandes Orlando , Parraca Jose Alberto , Rodrigues Ana Maria , Londral Ana Rita , Sousa João Paulo 
Published: February 2024

Patients who cannot fully comply with conventional clinic-based rehabilitation (CR) sessions after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) may find additional internet-based sessions beneficial. These remote sessions include therapeutic exercises that can be done at home, potentially extending the reach of rehabilitation services to underserved areas, prolonging the duration of care and providing improved supervision. The study’s main purpose is to determine if the Knee Care at Home (KC@H) programme is more effective than conventional CR alone in improving patient-reported, clinician-reported and physical functional performance outcome measures after ACLR. Additionally, the trial assesses the significance of changes in outcome measures for clinical practice.This protocol outlines a randomised controlled trial for postoperative recovery following ACLR. Adult participants of both sexes who meet specific criteria will be randomly assigned to either the CR group or the KC@H group. Only the latter group will receive internet-based sessions of therapeutic exercises at home and CR sessions. A follow-up evaluation will be conducted for both groups 12 weeks after the intervention ends.The trial protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade de Évora and complies with the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association. All recordings will be stored on a secure server with limited access and deleted as soon as they are no longer needed.The KC@H programme is expected to be superior to conventional CR for patients recovering from ACLR across multiple outcome measures. Also, the programme has the potential to promote superior recovery and extend the reach and duration of care.Trial registration number:NCT05828355.
Age-related differences in long-term potentiation-like plasticity and short-latency afferent inhibition and their association with cognitive function
Authors: Lu Qian , Huang Sisi , Zhang Tianjiao , Song Jie , Dong Manyu , Qian Yilun , Teng Jing , Wang Tong , He Chuan , Shen Ying 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundThe neurophysiological differences in cortical plasticity and cholinergic system function due to ageing and their correlation with cognitive function remain poorly understood.AimsTo reveal the differences in long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity and short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) between older and younger individuals, alongside their correlation with cognitive function using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).MethodsThe cross-sectional study involved 31 younger adults aged 18–30 and 46 older adults aged 60–80. All participants underwent comprehensive cognitive assessments and a neurophysiological evaluation based on TMS. Cognitive function assessments included evaluations of global cognitive function, language, memory and executive function. The neurophysiological assessment included LTP-like plasticity and SAI.ResultsThe findings of this study revealed a decline in LTP among the older adults compared with the younger adults (wald χ2=3.98, p=0.046). Subgroup analysis further demonstrated a significant reduction in SAI level among individuals aged 70–80 years in comparison to both the younger adults (SAI(N20): (t=−3.37, p=0.018); SAI(N20+4): (t=−3.13, p=0.038)) and those aged 60–70 (SAI(N20): (t=−3.26, p=0.025); SAI(N20+4): (t=−3.69, p=0.006)). Conversely, there was no notable difference in SAI level between those aged 60–70 years and the younger group. Furthermore, after employing the Bonferroni correction, the correlation analysis revealed that only the positive correlation between LTP-like plasticity and language function (r=0.61, p<0.001) in the younger group remained statistically significant.ConclusionsDuring the normal ageing process, a decline in synaptic plasticity may precede cholinergic system dysfunction. In individuals over 60 years of age, there is a reduction in LTP-like plasticity, while a decline in cholinergic system function is observed in those over 70. Thus, the cholinergic system may play a vital role in preventing cognitive decline during normal ageing. In younger individuals, LTP-like plasticity might represent a potential neurophysiological marker for language function.
Increased PI3K pathway activity is associated with recurrent breast cancer in patients with low and intermediate 21-gene recurrence score
Authors: Lin Lawrence Hsu , Wesseling-Rozendaal Yvonne , Vasudevaraja Varshini , Shen Guomiao , Black Margaret , van Strijp Dianne , Neerken Sigi , van de Wiel Paul A , Jour George , Cotzia Paolo , Darvishian Farbod , Snuderl Matija 
Published: February 2024

AimsWe investigated key signalling pathways’ activity and mutational status of early-stage breast carcinomas with low and intermediate 21-gene recurrence score (RS) to identify molecular features that may predict recurrence.MethodsThis is a retrospective case–control study of 18 patients with recurrent breast carcinoma with low and intermediate 21-gene RS (<25) and control group of 15 non-recurrent breast cancer patients. DNA and mRNA were extracted from tumour tissue. mRNA expression of genes involved in oestrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR), PI3K and MAPK signalling pathways was measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-qPCR (OncoSIGNal G4 test, InnoSIGN). Tumour mutational landscape was assessed by targeted DNA sequencing (Oncomine Precision Assay).ResultsThere were no statistical differences between the groups’ demographic and clinicopathological characteristics. PI3K pathway showed significantly higher activity in cases compared with controls (p=0.0014). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.79 for PI3K pathway activity in the prediction of recurrent disease in low and intermediate 21-gene RS breast cancer. There was no difference in ER, AR and MAPK pathway activity.PIK3CAalterations were the most common driver mutations, but no difference was found between the groups (p=0.46) and no association with PI3K pathway activity (p=0.86). HigherKi67gene expression was associated with recurrences (p=0.042)ConclusionIncreased PI3K pathway activity, independent ofPIK3CAmutations, may play a role in the recurrence of early-stage breast cancer with low and intermediate 21-gene RS. Pathway analysis can help to identify high-risk patients in this setting.
Modeling chronic disease risk across equity factors using a population-based prediction model: the Chronic Disease Population Risk Tool (CDPoRT)
Authors: Chen Kitty , Kornas Kathy , Rosella Laura C 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundPredicting chronic disease incidence at a population level can help inform overall future chronic disease burden and opportunities for prevention. This study aimed to estimate the future burden of chronic disease in Ontario, Canada, using a population-level risk prediction algorithm and model interventions for equity-deserving groups who experience barriers to services and resources due to disadvantages and discrimination.MethodsThe validated Chronic Disease Population Risk Tool (CDPoRT) estimates the 10-year risk and incidence of major chronic diseases. CDPoRT was applied to data from the 2017/2018 Canadian Community Health Survey to predict baseline 10-year chronic disease estimates to 2027/2028 in the adult population of Ontario, Canada, and among equity-deserving groups. CDPoRT was used to model prevention scenarios of 2% and 5% risk reductions over 10 years targeting high-risk equity-deserving groups.ResultsBaseline chronic disease risk was highest among those with less than secondary school education (37.5%), severe food insecurity (19.5%), low income (21.2%) and extreme workplace stress (15.0%). CDPoRT predicted 1.42 million new chronic disease cases in Ontario from 2017/2018 to 2027/2028. Reducing chronic disease risk by 5% prevented 1500 cases among those with less than secondary school education, prevented 14 900 cases among those with low household income and prevented 2800 cases among food-insecure populations. Large reductions of 57 100 cases were found by applying a 5% risk reduction in individuals with quite a bit workplace stress.ConclusionConsiderable reduction in chronic disease cases was predicted across equity-defined scenarios, suggesting the need for prevention strategies that consider upstream determinants affecting chronic disease risk.
Mitochondrial replacement techniques for treating infertility
Authors: Braun Esther 
Published: February 2024

Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) usually aim to prevent the genetic transmission of maternally inherited mitochondrial diseases. Until now, only the UK and Australia have implemented specific legal regulations of MRTs. In both countries, clinical trials on these techniques are only permissible for cases with a high risk of severe mitochondrial disease in the offspring. However, these techniques can also be applied to treat infertility, especially for older women with impaired oocyte quality. In some countries without legal regulation of these techniques, MRTs are already offered for this purpose. Yet, this application of MRTs has received insufficient attention in the bioethical literature so far.In this paper, I examine whether there are ethical reasons to prohibit trials on MRTs in the context of infertility when they are permitted for preventing mitochondrial disease. Allowing MRTs in one context but not the other might be justified either because their application in the context of mitochondrial disease (1) is supported by a more convincing evidence base, (2) has a higher potential benefit or (3) has a lower risk. I compare both applications of MRTs with respect to these three factors. I conclude that there is no convincing reason to prohibit clinical trials on MRTs for infertility when they are permitted in the context of mitochondrial disease.
Differences in reproductive health discussions in an urban Hispanic population with SLE: lessons from the field
Authors: Delgado Martha , Rodman Jack , Xepoleas Meredith , Weisman Michael , Wise Leanna Marderian 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveManagement of reproductive health-related issues is crucial for patients with SLE, given this is a disease that primarily affects women of childbearing age. Little is known as to how the 2020 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Reproductive Health in Rheumatic Disease Guideline is experienced by an underserved, primarily Hispanic population and their physicians as it relates to pregnancy planning and contraception conversations. Given this population experiences high rates of unplanned pregnancies and worse SLE outcomes compared with the non-Hispanic white population, it is crucial to understand how reproductive health is discussed in this setting.MethodsA survey based on the 2020 ACR Reproductive Health Guideline was created and distributed in English and Spanish in the outpatient setting to 151 patients with SLE to determine patients’ beliefs, experiences and limitations with reproductive health discussions. Associations between categorical variables were evaluated using Pearson’s χ2or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate, and differences in continuous variables were assessed using Wilcoxon rank-sum test.ResultsEnglish language survey respondents were significantly more likely to report having conversations regarding contraception, pregnancy planning and peripartum medication use than the Spanish survey respondents. Two-thirds of all respondents relied on the rheumatologist as a top source of reproductive health information.ConclusionDisparities exist regarding reproductive health conversations on multiple topics between English-speaking and Spanish-speaking populations with SLE. Further understanding is needed to clarify why reproductive health conversations occur at lower frequencies in Spanish-speaking SLE populations.
Patient-reported outcomes and radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in sustained remission versus low disease activity
Authors: Snoeck Henkemans Selinde V J , Vis Marijn , Looijen Agnes E M , van der Helm-van Mil Annette H M , de Jong Pascal H P 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo compare clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) over 5 years between patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in sustained remission (sREM), sustained low disease activity (sLDA) or active disease (AD) in the first year after diagnosis.MethodsAll patients with RA from the treatment in the Rotterdam Early Arthritis CoHort trial, a multicentre, stratified, single-blinded trial with a treat-to-target approach, aiming for LDA (Disease Activity Score (DAS) ≤2.4), were studied. Patients were categorised into: (1) sREM (mean DAS from 6 to 12 months <1.6) (n=173); (2) sLDA (mean DAS from 6 to 12 months 1.6–2.4) (n=142); and (3) AD (mean DAS from 6 to 12 months >2.4) (n=59). Pain, fatigue, functional impairment, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), health status and productivity loss during 5 years were compared between groups. Radiographic progression (modified Total Sharp Score (mTSS)) was compared over 2 years.ResultsPatients in sLDA in the first year had worse PROs during follow-up, compared with patients in sREM: pain (0–10 Likert) was 0.90 units higher (95% CI 0.52 to 1.27), fatigue (Visual Analogue Scale) was 12.10 units higher (95% CI 7.27 to 16.92), functional impairment (Health Assessment Questionnaire—Disability Index) was 0.28 units higher (95% CI 0.17 to 0.39), physical HRQoL (36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) Physical Component Summary score) was 4.42 units lower (95% CI −6.39 to –2.45), mental HRQoL (SF-36 Mental Component Summary score (MCS)) was 2.95 units lower (95% CI −4.83 to –1.07), health status (European Quality of life 5-Dimensions 3-Levels (EQ-5D-3L)) was 0.06 units lower (95% CI −0.09 to –0.03) and productivity loss (0%–100%) was 7.76% higher (95% CI 2.76 to 12.75). Differences between the AD and sREM group were even larger, except for the SF-36 MCS and EQ-5D-3L. No differences in mTSS were found between groups.ConclusionPatients with RA who reach sREM in the first year have better HRQoL and function, and less pain, fatigue and productivity loss in the years thereafter, compared with patients with RA who are in sLDA or AD in the first year.