bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunogenic and immunosuppressive components in soluble preparations from moloney murine leukemia virus‐induced tumor cells
Authors: Brandchaft Phyllis B. , Aoki Tadao , Silverman Toby N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSoluble extracts from Moloney virus‐induced leukemia cells were shown to contain immunogenic and immunosuppressive components. Immunogenic components were divided into two classes based on their ability to: (1) combine with humoral antibody to inhibit cytotoxic activity; or (2) stimulate blastogenesis in normal syngeneic lymphocytes. Immunosuppressive components were demonstrated by the inhibition of DNA synthesis in normal syngeneic lymphocytes and suppression of a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Stimulating components in many soluble preparations were completely masked by immunosuppressive components. However, all three components could be resolved by Sephadex G200 chromatography.
Surface markers on human B‐ and T‐lymphocytes. IX. Two‐color immunofluorescence studies on the association between EBV receptors and complement receptors on the surface of lymphoid cell lines
Authors: Yefenof Eitan , Klein George , Jondal Mikael , Oldstone Michael B. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReceptors for the third component of complement (C3) were demonstrated on the surface of established human lymphoid cell lines by a membrane fluorescence test with FITC‐ or TRITC‐conjugated antibodies against human C3. Two‐color fluorescence staining of EBV receptors and C3 receptors showed complete overlapping of green and red fluorescence. Capping of the EBV receptor induced co‐capping of the C3 receptor and vice versa. There was neither overlapping nor co‐capping when EBV or C3 receptors were examined in relation to Fc receptors, surface IgM or β2 microglobulin. The kinetic pattern of EBV receptor capping was identical with the pattern of C3 receptor capping but differed from the pattern of IgM capping. These results suggest a close association between EBV and C3 receptors on the human B‐lymphocyte.
A cell line (SCaBER) derived from squamous cell carcinoma of the human urinary bladder
Authors: O'Toole Carol , Nayak S. , Price Z. , Gilbert W. H. , Waisman J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn established cell line derived from a documented squamous cell carcinoma of human urinary bladder is described. The cultured cells retained the characteristic morphology of the tumor of origin for 40 in vitro passages. Numerous desmosomes were found between cultured cells. Chromosome analysis showed hypotetraploidy with no obvious modal number, while distinctive marker chromosomes and a male karyotype were present.
Transplacental induction of lymphomas in Swiss mice by carbendazim and sodium nitrite
Authors: Börzsönyi Mátyás , Pintér Alán , Surján András , Farkas Ilona 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSwiss mice at different stages of pregnancy were treated intragastrically with the pesticide Carbendazim (MBC., BCM, methyl‐2‐benzimidazole carbamate) together with sodium nitrite. Lymphomas developed in 33.3% of young mice whose mothers were treated in the first week of pregnancy, in 53.3 % of those whose mothers were treated during the second week, and in 38.8% of those born of mothers treated during the third week. Treatment during the whole period of pregnancy yielded on an average 70.0% malignancy in offspring. However, administration of Carbendazim by itself did not produce lymphomas in the first generation. In lymphomas induced by in vivo‐formed N‐nitroso compounds, A‐ and C‐type oncornavirus particles were observed with the electron microscope.
DNA fragmentation in mouse gastric epithelial cells by precarcinogens, ultimate carcinogens and nitrosation products: An indicator for the determination of organotropy and metabolic activation
Authors: Koropatnick D. J. , Stich H. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe feasibility of using alkaline sucrose gradient analysis of the digestive tract tissue of mice to uncover the carcinogenic capacity of organotropic compounds was examined. Young Swiss mice were injected with 3H‐TdR to label the DNA of the epithelial cells of the digestive tract. They were force‐fed carcinogenic and non‐carcinogenic chemicals 30 h later. Tissue samples were taken 4 h post‐treatment and hydrolized on top of the aklaline sucrose gradient. Shifts in sedimentation profiles indicated that: (1) the carcinogen 4‐nitroquinoline 1‐oxide (4NQO)1 and 6‐methyl 4NQO cause DNA fragmentation in the epithelial cells of oesophagus, cardiac and pyloric stomach while the non‐carcinogen 6NQO lacks this capacity; (2) the ultimate carcinogen N‐acetoxy‐2AAF caused DNA fragmentation in oesophagus and stomach cells whereas precarcinogen 2‐AAF exerted no detectable effect; (3) only carcinogenic nitrosation products of MG damaged the DNA; and (4) the precarcinogens 2‐AAF and DMN elicited DNA fragmentation in their main target organ, the liver, but had no effect on the epithelial cells of oesophagus and stomach. The results suggest that the application of the sucrose gradient technique to the epithelial cells of oesophagus, stomach and liver of pre‐labelled (3H‐TdR) and force‐fed young mice incorporates the advantages of in vitro short‐term bioassays with the completeness of tests using whole mammals.
In vitro differentiation of Rauscher‐virus‐induced myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Ichikawa Y. , Maeda M. , Horiuchi M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree cell lines were established in vitro from myeloid leukemias of C57Bl/6 strain mice which had been inoculated with Rauscher virus at birth. The use of heated conditioned medium from peritoneum proved helpful for the initial growth of leukemic cells. At early in vitro passage levels, cell line R433 differentiated only to macrophages after contact with conditioned medium from peritoneum but it appeared to have lost the ability to differentiate during an extended period of cultivation. Cell line R448 was cytologically promyelocyte. When exposed to conditioned medium, this cell line differentiated only to neutrophilic granulocytes. Cell line R453 maintained the ability to differentiate either to neutrophilic granulocytes or to macrophages. Single cells recloned three times still gave rise to both types of mature cells in cultures containing conditioned medium. Occasional cases of “spontaneous” differentiation in clonal lines of R453 also occurred.
The involvement of a diol‐epoxide in the metabolic activation of benzo(a)pyrene in human bronchial mucosa and in mouse skin
Authors: Grover P. L. , Hewer A. , Pal K. , Sims P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDNA has been isolated from human bronchial segments that have been treated in short‐term organ culture with 3H‐labelled benzo(a)pyrene. DNA has also been isolated from mouse skin treated with 3H‐labelled samples of benzo(a)pyrene, with the related radioactive 4,5‐, 7,8‐ and 9,10‐dihydrodiols and with 3H‐3‐hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene. Sephadex LH20 column chromatography of hydrolysates of these DNA samples showed that the hydrocarbon‐deoxyribonucleoside products formed in benzo(a)‐pyrene‐treated human bronchial mucosa and mouse skin are indistinguishable from those that are formed when 7,8‐dihydro‐7,8‐dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10‐oxide reacts with DNA in solution. These same hydrocarbon‐deoxyribonucleoside products were also found in hydrolysates of DNA from mouse skin treated with 7,8‐dihydro‐7,8‐dihydroxybenzo(a)‐pyrene but products of this type were not detected in hydrolysates of DNA following treatment of mouse skin either with the 4,5‐ or 9,10‐dihydrodiols or with 3‐hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene. The results show that the metabolic activation of benzo(a)pyrene to a diolepoxide, 7,8‐dihydro‐7,8‐dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10‐oxide, which reacts with DNA, is the same in human bronchial mucosa, a tissue in which this hydrocarbon is suspected of being carcinogenic, as it is in mouse skin and in hamster embryo cells, two situations in which benzo(a)pyrene is known to induce malignancy.
A quantitative analysis of the susceptibility of human leukocytes to transformation by epstein‐barr virus
Authors: Katsuki Takato , Hinuma Yorio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSusceptibility of lymphocyte‐enriched cell fractions isolated from human umbilical cord blood and adult peripheral blood to transformation by the B95–8 strain of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) was investigated quantitatively. Minimum multiplicity of input of virus (50% transforming dose) per cell (MOI) necessary to induce maximum level transformation of cord cells ranged from 0.02 to 0.2. The frequency of initially transformed cells (fraction of transformable cells) in the cord cell samples from two different individuals was estimated to be 2.6 to 6.2%. In this system, the appearance of cells positive for EBV‐associated nuclear antigen (EBNA) paralleled the growth curve of transformed cells. About 70% of the latter were EBNA‐positive. In adult cell preparations from two individuals, 1.8 and 0.03%, respectively, of the cells were transformable indicating larger individual variations in sensitivity to EBV than in cord cells. The EBV susceptibility was also determined by the transforming efficiency (TE) expressed as the negative log of the virus dilution which induces transformation in 50% of cell cultures infected at an MOI of 0.2. From the TE value, a minimum MOI which induces transformation could be calculated. Also by this test it was shown that the EBV susceptibility of adult cells was not only lower but also much more variable between individuals than that of cord cells. There was no correlation between the susceptibility of cells and the titer of anti‐EBV antibody in donors' sera. In cultures of mixed cord cells and adult cells known to have low EBV susceptibility, the minimum MOI increased in proportion to the amount of adult cells.
Anti‐ebv antibody titers in non‐hodgkin lymphomas
Authors: Liabeuf A. , Feingold N. , Kourilsky F. M. , Dumont J. , Henle W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibody titers to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐related antigens, i.e. viral capsid antigen (VCA), the D and R components of the early antigen (EA) complex and the EBV‐associated nuclear antigen (EBNA), were determined in a series of 86 patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphomas and in 150 matched control subjects. The lymphoma patients belonged to four histological groups: diffuse, nodular, hyperbasophilic malignant lymphoma (HML) and unclassified. The EBV‐related serological data were compared to the incidence of antibodies to other herpes viruses, i.e. cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV), and correlated with immune disorders, which are particularly frequent in the HML type of lymphoma. The results revealed a significantly higher incidence of anti‐EA‐D titers in lymphoma patients and slight but significant increases in the geometric mean anti‐VCA titers in the HML and unclassified group of patients. These elevated anti‐EBV titers in patients were not associated with an increase in titres of antibodies to other herpes viruses. They did not correlate with the signs of immune deficiency observed or with the incidence of auto‐antibodies.
Non‐random karyotypic evolution in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mitelman F. , Levan G. , Nilsson P. G. , Brandt L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe chromosome banding pattern was analyzed in bone‐marrow cells and/or spleen cells of 10 patients in the blastic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). It was obvious from the karyotype analysis that the chromosome aberrations occurring in addition to the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) were strictly non‐random. An extra Ph1, trisomy 8 and/or trisomy for the long arm of chromosome 17 were observed in all cases. This consistent pattern of chromosome involvement in CML was confirmed in 57 cases from the literature studied with banding techniques. In 88% of the total number of cases with further changes at least one of the three main chromosomal aberrations was found (“major route” of karyotypic evolution).
Non‐random chromosome changes in acute myeloid leukemia. Chromosome banding examination of 30 cases at diagnosis
Authors: Mitelman F. , Nilsson P. G. , Levan G. , Brandt L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBone‐marrow chromosomes were examined with the G‐banding technique in 30 patients with acute myeloid leukemia at the time of diagnosis. In 13 of the 30 patients (43%) only normal diploid bone‐marrow cells were found, and no deviations from the normal banding pattern could be detected in these cells. In bone‐marrow cells of 17 patients (57%), distinct chromosome abnormalities were found; in 10 of the patients only abnormal cells were observed, whereas in 7 of the patients the abnormal cells coexisted with normal diploid cells without any visible chromosome banding abnormality. The results of the detailed analysis of the karyotypic aberrations demonstrated that when chromosome aberrations occurred they were clearly non‐random. All patients except two displayed trisomy 8,9 or 21 or monosomy 7. Analysis of cases of acute leukemia from other laboratories indicated that the same consistent pattern of chromosome involvement prevailed in them.
Tube leukocyte adherence inhibition assay for the detection of anti‐tumour immunity. I. Monocyte is the reactive cell
Authors: Grosser N. , Marti J. H. , Proctor J. W. , Thomson D. M. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from breast cancer patients with early or localized cancer fail to adhere to glass in the presence of breast cancer extract. The same leukocytes do not react to unrelated tumour extracts. Enrichment and depletion of certain PBL populations from patients with apparently localized breast cancer indicated that the indicator and/or reactive cell manifesting non‐adherence in the presence of appropriate tumour antigen was phagocytic, glass adherent in the absence of tumour antigen and had cell surface Fc‐receptors. The cell involved, therefore, appears to be the circulating monocyte. These results show that in the tube LAI assay, the peripheral blood monocyte appears to react directly with the tumour antigen resulting in a loss of its property of adherence to glass.
Tube leukocyte adherence inhibition assay for the detection of anti‐tumour immunity. II. Monocyte reacts with tumour antigen via cytophilic anti‐tumour antibody
Authors: Marti J. H. , Grosser N. , Thomson D. M. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe peripheral blood monocyte is the reactive cell in the tube LAI assay. The monocyte loses its properties of adherence to glass upon exposure to specific antigen. Two different experiments to determine if lymphocytes, when they reacted with tumour, released mediators that were responsible for inhibiting monocyte glass adherence, gave negative results. The mechanism whereby the specific tumour antigen appeared to be recognized was the binding of cytophilic IgG anti‐tumour antibody to receptors on the cell surface of the monocyte. The results of the experiments indicate that normal peripheral blood monocytes could be made specifically reactive (“armed”) to the tumour extract by incubating normal peripheral blood leukocytes with serum from a reactive cancer patient. IgG isolated from “arming” sera was shown to have the capacity to sensitize normal leukocytes. Patients with breast cancer or malignant melanoma with limited tumour burdens had free cytophilic anti‐tumour antibody in their serum, whereas the serum of patients with large tumour burdens (metastatic cancer), whose leukocytes did not react in the tube LAI assay, did not “arm”.
A biochemical approach to the study of the transmission of mouse mammary tumor viruses in mouse strains RIII and C3H
Authors: Michalides R. , Vlahakis G. , Schlom J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) proviral sequences were detected in the cellular DNA of mammary tumors and livers of RIII and C3H mice by molecular hybridization with radioactively labelled MMTV 60–70S RNA or tritiated MMTV complementary DNA (cDNA). By means of DNA:DNA reassociation kinetics, the DNA of the mammary tumor cells of these two mouse strains were found to contain more MMTV proviral sequences than the DNA of liver cells of these same tumor‐bearing mice. Evidence is also presented that the DNA of the liver cells lacks a part (approximately 25%) of the MMTV proviral sequences found in the mammary tumor cells of these mouse strains. The relationship of the extra MMTV proviral sequences found in mammary tumor cells to the early mammary tumor‐igenesis seen in these mouse strains is discussed.
Detection of human tumor‐associated antigens by the leukocyte migration in agarose assay
Authors: Boddie A. W. , Urist Marshall M. , Chee Darwin O. , Holmes E. Carmack , Morton Donald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐three of 36 (64%) lung cancer patients, 19 of 36 (54%) melanoma patients and 18 of 27 (66%) sarcoma patients tested in the leukocyte migration in agarose assay against soluble extracts of histologically similar tumors showed significant inhibition of leukocyte migration. Reactivity to extracts of dissimilar tumors was low. Sera of only 1/13 (7%) lung cancer patients, 2/19 (10%) melanoma patients and 7/21 (33%) sarcoma patients were inhibited by extracts of histologically dissimilar tumors. Only 7–9% of cancer patients reacted to paired extracts of normal tissue from the tumor donors. An average of 13% of sera from normal controls reacted to tumor extracts. Stage of disease and mode of therapy appeared to have little effect on overall reactivity in this assay, although the number of patients within the various categories was small for purposes of statistical analysis. The leukocyte migration in agarose assay shows a sensitivity and specificity to tumor‐associated antigens comparable to that of the older capillary tube method in general use and may facilitate performance of migration inhibition. This assay may not be useful as a prognostic test due to the lack of correlation with stage of disease and treatment modality. However, its high specificity and economical use of tumor antigen suggest applications in tumor antigen purification. The use of soluble tumor antigen preparations may make it possible to purify these antigens further to increase specificity and reactivity.
Interactions of murine leukemia virus (mulv) with isolated lymphocytes. I. Virus replication in lymphocytes infected with friend virus and cultured in diffusion chambers in vivo
Authors: Cerny Jan , Fistel Samuel H. , Hensgen Patricia A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new technique for infection of mature lymphocytes with murine leukemia virus (Friend) (MuLV‐F) is described. Spleen cells from normal, non‐infected donors were placed into diffusion chambers (constructed with 0.22 μm pore size Millipore filters) which were then implanted into the peritoneal cavities of normal syngeneic recipient mice. The cells were infected with an injection of MuLV‐F into the peritoneal cavity and, in some instances, also by placing virus into the chambers. Cells were recovered by treating the chamber content with elastase and collagenase. The infection was determined in two ways: (1) cells with replicating MuLV were enumerated as infectious centers (IC) on S+L‐ indicator cells; and (2) virus‐related cell membrane antigen (MA) was detected by immunofluorescence. Cells recovered from chambers after 2–3 weeks of culture represented about 10% of the original inoculum; viability was approximately 90%. The number of IC in MuLV‐F‐infected chambers was about 10 times higher than that obtained by infection and cultivation of spleen cells in vitro. The kinetics of IC and MA in chamber‐cultured, MuLV‐F‐infected spleen cells was similar to that in the spleen of infected mice during the first 10 days after infection. Later on, the process of infection within the chambers slowed down, reaching about 50% MA‐positive and about 10% IC‐positive cells, whereas the number of both IC‐ and MA‐positive cells in the spleen reached 80% or more. The infection of splenic lymphocytes in diffusion chambers occurred equally well when chambers were implanted into: (1) syngeneic, virus susceptible hosts; (2) syngeneic, lethally irradiated hosts; and (3) allogeneic, virus‐resistant hosts, suggesting that the process within the chamber is independent of MuLV replication in the tissues of the chamber‐bearing mouse. The diffusion chamber technique seems to provide an environment in which various types of isolated lymphocytes of different mouse strains can interact with MuLV almost as efficiently as in virto.
Some international differences in treatment and survival in breast cancer
Authors: Morrison Alan S. , Lowe C. Ronald , Macmahon Brian , Ravnihar Bozena , Yuasa Shu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a recent study, 5‐year survival rates for breast cancer patients in Boston (Massachusetts), Glamorgan (Wales), Slovenia (Yugoslavia) and Tokyo (Japan) were 57.3%, 49.5%, 41.9% and 74.9%, respectively. In this report, data are presented on the types of treatment used in the four areas and on the relationship of differences in treatment practices to the differences in survival rates. Generally, surgically treated patients who also had radiotherapy had lower survival rates than patients in the same area who had similar operations without radiotherapy. In each area, the survival rate was higher for patients who had radical mastectomy than for those who had simple mastectomy. The Japenese patients had the highest survival rate within nearly every treatment and extent‐treatment category. Thus, the high survival rate of these patients was not explained by the variables considered. Survival differences between Boston, Glamorgan and Slovenia were largely explained by differences in extent of disease and type of treatment. As the nature of the treatment—survival trends was consistent with the interpretation that treatment tended to be selected according to apparent prognosis, the degree to which treatment customs were determinants of the differences in survival rate among the three areas is uncertain.
Fluidity difference in the surface membrane lipid core of human lymphoblastoid and lymphoma cell lines
Authors: Inbar Michael , Ben‐Bassat Hanna 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐five human hematopoietic cell lines established from patients with malignant and non‐malignant diseases have been studied for membrane fluidity. The degree of fluidity in the surface membranes was quantitatively monitored by fluorescence polarization analysis of the fluorescence probe, 1,6‐diphenyl 1,3,5‐hexatriene, when embedded in the lipid region of the surface membrane of intact cells. The results have shown that cells derived from malignant diseases have a more fluid lipid layer in their surface membrane than cells derived from non‐malignant disorders. It is, therefore, suggested that a quantitative analysis of fluidity differences in the cell surface membrane lipid core can be of value to the studies on basic differences between normal and malignant cell lines established from the human hematopoietic system.