bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis – Long Term Clinical Course and Treatment Response
Authors: Raghavendra Seetharam , Ramachandran Jaychandran , Nooraine Javeria , Dharmanand Balebail G , Jois Ramesh , Iyer Rajesh B 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Primary CNS Vasculitis (PCNSV) is an uncommon inflammatory condition selectively affecting blood vessels of the central nervous system and has diagnostic difficulties. Long term treatment outcomes are unclear.

Objective:
To elucidate the clinical progression and long-term outcomes of patients with biopsy proven PCNSV.

Methods and Material:
Clinical data of eight consecutive patients with PCNSV established by meningocortical biopsy were reviewed. Patients had undergone extensive evaluation for secondary causes.

Results:
The average age at presentation was 33.5 years (25 to 47 years). Three were females. The average follow-up period was 65 months (24 to 108 months). Clinical presentation included acute or subacute focal neurological deficits, seizures, headache and cognitive decline. MRI findings consisted of multifocal gray and white matter signal changes with microhaemorrhages. On contrast multifocal areas of enhancement affecting gray matter, white matter, vessel wall, dura and leptomeningeal areas were observed. Diagnostic yield of DSA was poor. Histopathology showed granulomatous angiitis in six and lymphocytic angiitis in two. Treatment protocols followed were similar for all patients: initial induction with intravenous methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide, followed by maintenance immunosuppressants (with or without oral steroids). Disease control was reflected by significant improvement on MRI. Multiple clinical relapses occurred over the years (13 relapses, 0 to 4 per patient). Serial MRI studies helped detect subclinical disease activity. Treatment escalation aimed at achieving “no evidence of disease activity” helped in better disease control and remission in patients with active disease. Rituximab was useful in select cases to control disease activity and as rescue therapy (n = 3). Mean MRS score at last follow up was 0 or 1 (unchanged from baseline). Treatment complications included infections and avascular necrosis of hip (n = 1). One patient died due to severe COVID-19 pneumonitis.

Conclusion:
PCNSV has varied clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges. Immunosuppressive therapy is necessary and is effective but with associated risks. Histopathological confirmation helps to prognosticate and initiate early aggressive treatment for better results. Close clinico-radiological follow up and long-term immunotherapy to ensure disease remission can help manage these patients successfully.
Growth of indeterminate choroidal melanocytic tumors: Time to malignant transformation
Authors: Oakey Zackery , Yeşiltaş Yağmur Seda , Zabor Emily C. , Singh Arun D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Indeterminate choroidal melanocytic tumors may exhibit growth under observation, but the clinical significance of early versus late growth remains unclear. In this review we aim to explore the temporal profile of growth to detect benign and malignant subsets. There was no specific set of tumor dimensions or characteristics applied for exclusion or inclusion except that all included tumors had to be described as indeterminate or suspicious nevus and observed for growth by the authors. Nine published studies (1977–2021) that included 8766 patients were reviewed. The primary outcomes were time to event (growth) and its correlation with the growth rate of small choroidal melanoma. The studies were largely retrospective and had differing inclusion criteria: largest basal diameter of 7.5–24 mm (mean, 14.83 mm) and maximum height of 2–6.7 mm (mean, 4.19 mm). Most defined growth by a change in height of >0.3 mm or base of >0.5. Among 8606 tumors followed, 478 (5.6%) showed growth over 5 years, with growth rates in individual studies ranging from 2% to 55% (mean: 19.0%). The highest event rate occurred in the 1st year (range: 0.7%–15%; mean: 6.5%), stabilizing to 0%–5% (mean: 1.5%) by year 5. The majority (range: 52%–83%; mean: 67%) were observed to grow in the initial 2 years (early growth). Over subsequent years (late growth), the proportion of growing tumors reduced and stabilized by years 4 and 5 to a mean of 6.1% and 8.3%, respectively. Time-to-event analysis indicates the heterogeneity of IMTs. Tumors growing in the first 2 years (early growth) may be melanoma in the evolution and their characteristics previously identified as the risk factors for growth may be interpreted as the factors predictive or diagnostic of small choroidal melanoma. In contrast, tumors demonstrating growth in subsequent years (late growth), after documented stability, may represent malignant transformation of a choroidal nevus.
Comparison of teaching methods: Formative assessment in traditional didactic lectures and learning monitoring system-based lectures
Authors: Nakagawa Naoto 
Published: February 2025

Background: Studies comparing formative assessment in traditional lecture settings and those incorporating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools are available, although direct head-to-head comparisons are less common.
Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of formative assessment (FA) incorporating a learning monitoring system (LMS) as ICT in teaching methods, specifically in flipped classrooms, flipped classrooms and spaced learning, and traditional formative assessment (FA/TDL) to improve student learning outcomes.
Methods: Pharmacy students in a drug-information course were divided into three groups: traditional formative assessment (FA/TDL; 68 students), flipped classroom (FA/FC/LMS; 74 students), and flipped classroom with spaced learning (FA/(FC+SL)/LMS; 74 students). The primary outcome measured was the mean difference in external mock test scores adjusted by grade-point averages (GPAs). Secondary outcomes identified factors influencing these score differences.
Results: The results demonstrated that the learning method significantly impacted learning outcomes, with LMS improving learning outcomes compared to FA/TDL. Factors affecting test scores included sex, GPA, and the teaching methods used in the FA/FC/LMS and FA/(FC+SL)/LMS groups.
Conclusion: This study suggests that implementing LMS in higher education can enhance student performance and support successful graduation.
Integrated Tourism Planning for Urban and Coastal Area, Discourse: Bangka Belitung
Authors: Wicaksono Rino 
Published: February 2025

Aims: The Bangka Belitung Islands have extraordinary tourism potential, with stunning natural beauty, unique culture and rich history. However, tourism development in Bangka Belitung still faces challenges, such as a lack of integrated planning, inadequate infrastructure, and untrained human resources.

Method: This research used qualitative research methods. The data collection technique in this research is a literature review combined with field observation. The secondary and primary data collected are then analyzed in three stages: data reduction, data presentation and conclusion.

Result: The results of the research show that the planning stage for the development of the Bangka Belitung National Planning Area (DPN) until 2045 will be carried out in five phases, including strengthening the relationship between Bangka Island and Belitung Island, increasing the quality and capacity of the provincial capital axis with the surrounding area, developing diversification of mainland tourism on Bangka Island and Belitung Island, revitalization of coastal and marine tourism on Bangka Island and Belitung Island as well as integration of the tourism supply chain in agricultural and plantation areas in mainland with coastal and ocean areas.
Achieving Sustainability in Indonesia's Manufacturing Sector Through Green Design Innovations
Authors: Saraswati Reni Mutiarani , Widyaningsih Niluh Putu , Perez Elizabeth Furio , Parikesit Arli Aditya , Sam Toong Hai , Ansori Arif Nur Mohammad 
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This paper investigates the pressing necessity for Indonesia to use green design methods in its corporate manufacturing sector, in light of escalating environmental issues and the worldwide demand for sustainable growth.

Theoretical Framework: Corporate industrial waste and inefficient production methods are major contributors to pollution. This study investigates green design innovation as a viable approach to improve corporate sustainability performance, taking into account the mediating role of operational performance on sustainable results.

Method: The study utilizes Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine data obtained from 345 respondents in corporate manufacturing firms in West Java using a structured Likert scale survey.

Results and Discussion: Initial findings suggest that the adoption of green design techniques is highly associated with enhanced operational performance, which subsequently positively affects sustainability results. The analysis highlights the essential function of operational efficiency as both a mediator and facilitator of sustainable practices in the manufacturing industry.

Research Implications: This research provides practical insights for policymakers and corporate industry professionals, highlighting the use of green design concepts into supply chain processes to enhance sustainability and competitiveness.

Originality/Value: This study clarifies the connections among sustainable design, operational performance, and environmental impact, thereby enhancing the literature on sustainable manufacturing practices in emerging economies, especially in Indonesia. It seeks to elucidate techniques that facilitate the transition to a more sustainable industrial environment.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PADA MATERI BILANGAN BULAT SISWA KELAS IV SDN 01 SUKAJAYA ANAK RATU AJI TAHUN AJARAN 2022/2023
Authors: Apriza Berta , Amalia Putri Regita , Elizar  
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hasil belajar terhadap siswa kelas IV SDN 01 Sukajaya Kec. Anak Ratu Aji Lampung Tengah 2022/2023.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Times Games Tournament dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa SD kelas IV SDN 01 Sukajaya Kec. Anak Ratu Aji Lampung Tengah. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner dan tes. Instrumen utama dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner dan tes prestasi belajar. Teknik alnallisis daltal dallalm sebualh penelitialn bialsalnyal dibalgi menjaldi dual talhalp yalitu uji persyalraltaln alnallisis daln uji hipotesis.

Hasil penelitIan ini menunjukkan bahwa Penelitian ini diawali dengan pengujian validitas isi soal, dan dilakukan ujicoba soal hasil belajar materi bilangan bulat kepada SDN 01 Sukajaya Kec. Anak Ratu Aji Lampung Tengah pada siswa kelas IV, kemudian dilakukan penyebaran soal hasil belajar awal (pretest) dan dilanjutkan dengan pemberian perlakuan (treatment) dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Times Games Tournament dan diakhiri dengan penyebaran soal belajar akhir (posstest) terhadap siswa kelas IV SDN 01 Sukajaya Kec. Anak Ratu Aji Lampung Tengah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang menggunakan One Way Manova diproleh Fhitung = 11.371 kemudian diadakan pengujian pada taraf signifikan a=0,05 yang diperoleh Ftabel =02. hasil ini menunjukkaan Fhitung>Ftabel sehingga H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima,hal ini berarti penggunaan Model Times Games Tournament berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar matematika materi bilangan bulat siswa kelas IV SDN 01 Sukajaya Kec. Anak Ratu Aji Lampung Tengah.
Analisis Nilai Humanisme pada Novel Bidadari Bermata Bening Karya Habiburahman EL Shirazy Sebagai AlternatifBahan Ajar di Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Anasari Sevti , Ratnaningsih Dewi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract: The problem in this research is the value of humanism in the novel Bidadari Bermata Bening by Habiburrahman El Shirazy as an alternative teaching material in high school. The aim of this research is to describe the humanist values contained in the novel Bidadari Bermata Bening by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. The method used in this research is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The research results show that there are humanist values in the novel Bidadari Bermata Bening, namely 1) respecting other people's opinions, 2) cooperation, 3) willingness to make sacrifices, 4) caring for other people, 5) helping each other, and 6) solidarity. Based on the criteria for selecting teaching materials, the novel Bidadari Bermata Bening by Habiburrahman El Shirazy can be used as an alternative Indonesian language teaching material related to literature learning because it meets the criteria for language aspects, psychological aspects and cultural background aspects.

Keywords: humanism values, Bidadari Bermata Bening

Abstrak: Permasalahan pada penelitian ini, yaitu nilai humanisme dalam novel Bidadari Bermata Bening karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy sebagai alternatif bahan ajar di sekolah menengah atas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan nilai humanisme yang terdapat pada novel Bidadari Bermata Bening karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat nilai humanisme dalam novel Bidadari Bermata Bening , yaitu 1) menghargai pendapat orang lain, 2) kerja sama, 3) rela berkorban, 4) peduli terhadap orang lain, 5) tolong-menolong, dan 6) solidaritas. Berdasarkan kriteria pemilihan bahan ajar, novel Bidadari Bermata Bening karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy dapat dijadikan alternatif bahan ajar bahasa Indonesia yang berkaitan dengan pembelajaran sastra karena telah memenuhi kriteria aspek bahasa, aspek psikologi, dan aspek latar belakang budaya.

Kata Kunci: nilai humanisme, Bidadari Bermata Bening.
Effects of Scaffolding on English Language Learners’ Academic Buoyancy
Authors: Ayiera Eunice Kerubo , Owaa Judith , Mwebi Benard 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The study investigated the effects of scaffolding on English language learners’ academic buoyancy as informed by social cultural theory, supported by cognitive load theory.
Materials and Methods: Sequential explanatory design within the mixed methods approach was adopted involving 364 learners of English language and 10 teachers who were picked out through purposive sampling from four secondary schools in Kenyenya Sub-County, Kenya. Quantitative data was collected using Solomon-four non-equivalent quasi experimental group design while qualitative data was collected using interview technique. Instruments of data collection were pre-test and post-test questionnaires adapted from Martin and Marsh (2008), scaffolding modules and interview schedules. Internal validity of the questionnaires was investigated using Kaiser-Meyer-Oklin (KMO Index) and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity, while validity of the experiment was ensured using 2 intervention and 2 control groups. Reliability of the pre-test and post-test questionnaires was established using split half and Cronbach’s Alpha techniques. Quantitative data was analyzed by frequency percentages, mean, standard deviation and t-test analysis using the SPSS package version 26.0 while qualitative data was analyzed thematically.
Findings: Pre-post questionnaire results revealed that the posttest mean scores of academic buoyancy among the experimental groups were significantly higher than those of the control groups. The paired samples t-test showed a statistically significant effect of scaffolding learning on academic buoyancy. From qualitative data, the study established that scaffolding led to an improvement in academic buoyancy among the learners of English language. Therefore, scaffolding learning process enhanced academic buoyancy of learners.
Implications to Theory, Policy and Practice: The Ministry of Education should retrain teachers on scaffolding teaching to empower and refresh teachers’ knowledge, since scaffolding learning is very effective in enhancing learners’ academic buoyancy.
Time-Frequency and Quantile Connectedness Among Geopolitical Risks, Conventional and Clean Energy, Electricity, and Carbon Markets
Authors: Jiang Wei , Jiang Jingang , Hu Jinyan 
Published: February 2025

Climate change, energy crisis, and geopolitical conflicts have become the triple dilemma of the world, which seriously hinders global sustainable development. Against this context, achieving net-zero emissions and promoting energy transition have been put on the urgent agenda. Therefore, it is necessary to have a deep understanding of the linkage among geopolitical risks, conventional/clean energy, electricity, and carbon markets, so as to stabilize energy and carbon markets and ensure the orderly progress of energy transition and carbon emission reduction. This study explores the dynamic and directional connectedness among these variables under multiple time frequencies and conditions by using two volatility spillover approaches and the quantile vector autoregression model. We find that the interconnectedness between variables is greatly strengthened during extreme conditions and dominated by the spillover effects in the short run. Electricity market is always the critical risk spillover contributor in situations of various scales of shocks. Fossil and clean energy are both net recipients of spillover effects from electricity and carbon markets. And notably, the geopolitical risks act as the net short-term spillover receiver and medium- and long-term spillover transmitter in the connectedness network. Additionally, we show that carbon market becomes a significant risk transmitter under extreme circumstances. Our findings have implications for preventing adverse effects of cross-risk spillovers and promoting global sustainability.

Received: 25 July 2024 | Revised: 9 October 2024 | Accepted: 20 January 2025

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Author Contribution Statement
Wei Jiang: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing - review & editing, Supervision. Jingang Jiang: Software, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Visualization. Jinyan Hu: Funding acquisition.
The elimination of intergranular stress-corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in the corrosion of Cu-Mn alloys
Authors: Yan Guojun , Xue Qi , Xu Xinmin , Jiang Bailing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Obtaining nano-porous bulk Cu through dealloying bulk Cu alloys in a corrosive solution is a challenge due to Intergranular stress-corrosion cracking (IGSCC). In this study, a novel approach involving Cu30Mn70 solid solution alloyed with Si was reported to fabricate Nano-Porous Bulk Cu (NPBC), and then the NPBC was characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, BET and three-point bending testing. Results suggest that silicon has a positive impact on eliminating IGSCC. When the Si content is up to 2.0 (wt.) %, the IGSCC will be excluded, and then the NPBC will be obtained with a bending strength up to 10.2 MPa.
Weichen für eine nachhaltige Zukunft
Authors: Cappus Elaine , Schütz Volker 
Published: February 2025

Frankfurt a.M. Nächste Woche wird Nürnberg zur Bio-Hauptstadt. Dann ist wieder Zeit für die Biofach, die Weltleitmesse für Bio-Produkte. Ziel ist, die Weichen für eine nachhaltige Zukunft zu stellen. Es sind einige Neuerungen geplant.
Analisis Penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka Mata Pelajaran IPAS pada Siswa Kelas IV di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Dewanti Novita Sakti , Cahyani Berliana Henu , Nisa Ana Fitrotun 
Published: February 2025

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui respon dan pemahaman siswa dalam melaksanakan kurikulum merdeka khususnya pada mata Pelajaran IPAS. Selain itu respon dan kendala yang dialami guru dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka di kelas, serta mengetahui perbedaan penggunaan kurikulum merdeka dengan kurikulum. Kurikulum adalah seperangkat rencana dan pengaturan mengenai tujuan, isi, dan bahan pelajaran serta cara yang digunakan sebagai pedoman penyelenggaraan kegiatan pembelajaran untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan tertentu. Kurikulum yang digunakan saat ini adalah kurikulum merdeka. Diharapkan kurikulum Merdeka ini dapat mencetak siswa dengan hasil belajar baik yang berlandaskan profil pelajar Pancasila. Metode yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif diskriptif. Teknik yang digunakan yaitu wawancara dan kuisioner. Subjek pada penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas IV di salah satu SD Kepanewon Tempel. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu penerapan kurikulum Merdeka sudah dilakukan, sesuai dengan anjuran dari pemerintah dan bisa dikatakan sudah cukup berhasil. Meskipun dalam kenyataan di lapangan masih ada beberapa siswa yang belum bisa mengikuti pembelajaran dengan sempurna. Namun banyak siswa merasa antusias dalam belajar, sebab guru sering menggunakan berbagai model dan media pembelajaran, untuk mendukung proses pembelajaran dan menciptakan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan.
Pengaruh Motivasi dan Kemampuan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi pada Karyawan PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XIV Unit Kebun Luwu 1 Afdeling V)
Authors: Novia Elsitha Mowisu  , Syamsuddin Syamsuddin , Abdul Rais  
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh motivasi dan kemampuan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XIV Unit Kebun Luwu 1 Afdeling V. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XIV Unit Kebun Luwu 1 Afdeling V yang berjumlah 60 orang dan ditarik sampel menggunakan rumus slovin sebanyak 36 karyawan menjadi responden dalam penelitian ini yang terdistribusikan pada setiap bagian kerja. Jenis penelitian menerapkan penelitian penjelasan (Explanatory Research) dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang pengukurannya menggunakan skala likert. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linear berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data uji t, maka disimpulkan bahwa; motivasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai sig <0,001 < 0,05, dan kemampuan kerja tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan diperoleh nilai sig 0,758 > 0,05. Selanjutnya secara simultan variabel motivasi dan kemampuan kerja berpengaruh pada kinerja karyawan dengan hasil uji F nilai sig sebesar <0,001 < 0,05 dan memberikan konstribusi terhadap kinerja karyawan 0,525 atau sebesar 52,5% sisanya sebesar 47,5% yang dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar penelitian ini.