bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Consumption and Acceptability: Comparison of Cooking Methods and Appliances for Beef Patties1
Authors: Rhee Ki Soon , Drew Flowayne 
Published: March 2007

Beef patties were cooked by surface cooking (pan frying), broiling, baking, and microwave heating to determine fuel consumption for the cooking processes and to evalu ate sensory characteristics of the cooked products. Various appliances requiring different energy sources were included in the study. Cost of energy consumption by each cooking process was calculated using the September, 1975, fuel rates in the Bryan‐College Station area of Texas, i.e., 3 cents per kilowatt‐hour for electricity, 0.12 cent per cubic foot for natural gas, and 0.89 cent per cubic foot for liquid petroleum gas (propane).For surface cooking and broiling, the cost of cooking with the different fuels was, in order of increasing cost, natural gas, liquid petroleum (L.P.) gas, and electricity. For baking, natural gas was much cheaper than both L.P. gas and electricity, but the latter two were comparable. As for the different cooking methods, surface cooking and microwave cooking were comparable and cost least, followed by broiling and baking, respectively. For various sensory characteristics evaluated, surface‐cooked patties ranked highest and microwave‐cooked patties lowest.A comparison of fuel consumption during baking in preheated and non‐preheated ovens was made. The fuel consumption by the pilot lights of different gas appliances was determined.
Communication Characteristics of Recommended and Non‐Recommended Nutrition Books
Authors: Sims Laura S. 
Published: March 2007

This research was undertaken to examine how “recommended” and “non‐recom mended” nutrition books differ in terms of message content and writing style. Seventeen nutrition books were classified into either a “recommended” or “non‐recommended” category according to specified criteria. Several characteristics of each type of book were ex amined: authors' credentials and qualifications for writing in the field of nutrition, persuasibility of message content (determined primarily by content analysis procedures), writing style as determined by the type of sentences used, readability analyses, and exam ination of the structural appearance and characteristics of the books.The results showed that there were essentially no differences in regard to the authors' credentials or the structural characteristics of the books themselves. The most salient finding was that “non‐recommended” books were more likely to use fear arousing appeals and more emotional, personal referents. In terms of writing style, the authors of “non‐rec ommended” books used more personal interpretation and subjective opinions, while the writers of the “recommended” books contained more factual statements which report verifiable information. The “recommended” books scored slightly higher on “reading ease” and the “non‐recommended” books slightly higher on “human interest,” but both types of books seemed to present information in an interesting style but at a reading level that could be described as “fairly difficult.”
Nineteenth Century Builder's Guides: Influence on Mississippi Architecture
Authors: Crocker Mary Wallace 
Published: March 2007

Architectural design and guide books were very popular in America during the nineteenth century because of the scarcity of trained architects coupled with the demand for buildings in the rapidly developing new country. The widespread use of building handbooks by competent carpenter‐builders accounts for much of the similarity of buildings in various sections of the country.For this study, photographs of Mississippi buildings were matched with design plates published in American builder's guide and pattern books during the nineteenth century. Design parallels were found for exterior designs, floor plans, and finishing details such as door frames, mantels, and plaster work. Minard Lafever's The Modern Builder's Guide (1833) and The Beauties of Modern Architecture (1835) were the most popular guides; however, designs published by Asher Benjamin, Samuel Sloan, Calvert Vaux, Orson Fowler, Frank Wills, and Andrew Jackson Downing were also utilized.
Career Appearance Education for Women Who Aspired To White‐Collar Positions
Authors: Kelley Eleanor A. , Anselmo Deborah C. 
Published: March 2007

This study was designed to develop a Career Appearance Education unit and to pilot test its effectiveness in business college classes. The unit, designed for black women and white women from working class families, included specially designed slide visuals, lectures, activities, and student manuals. The experimental (n=37) and control (n=20) groups took pretests and posttests, but only the experimental group received career appearance instruction. Black women and white women were included in both treatment groups.A least squares analysis of variance model with a split plot arrangement of three factors—treatment, ethnicity, and tests—was used to determine significant differences in total test scores and in scores in six conceptual categories: First Impressions; Work Roles; Total Look; Clothing Features of Fit, Design Line, and Color; Grooming; and Preparations for Interview and Daily Work. This model enabled a consideration of between‐group and within‐group differences.Significant differences in career appearance knowledge at two levels—total scores and selected category scores—appeared for the main effects of ethnic groups, treatment groups, and test administrations and in the interactions of ethnicity by tests and treatments by tests. The experimental group began with higher scores and also achieved greater gains in knowledge between tests than did the control group. White women in both treatment groups exhibited more knowledge on pretest and posttest, but black women had greater improvement ranges between tests.
Effect of Planned Seriation Experiences on Acquisition of Seriation Abilities in Four‐Year‐Old Children
Authors: Sethi Santosh S. , Dickerscheid Jean D. 
Published: March 2007

Effect of planned seriation experiences on the acquisition and retention of seriation abilities of four‐year‐old children was the focus of this study. Fifty children from four traditionally‐oriented preschool centers were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Children were tested before, immediately after, and 25 weeks after exposure to planned seriation experiences. Elkind's “Discrimination, Seriation and Numeration Test” was the measure used.An analysis of variance performed on the data showed that the experimental group obtained significantly higher scores in both acquiring and retaining seriation ability than the control group. Sex of the child, center in which enrolled, and treatment interacted to influence the gain scores.
The Identification of Adoption‐Proneness Among Secondary Home Economics Teachers
Authors: Oscarson David J. 
Published: March 2007

This study was conducted in two phases. The first phase examined 19 independent variables relating to the personal characteristics of 202 vocational teachers from the state of Virginia for the purpose of explaining a criterion variable, proneness toward the adoption of educational innovations. It was established that a teacher's age, number of professional publications read monthly, number of years teaching in the present school district, satis faction with teaching, and perception of influence an academic teacher should have on a vocational teacher's classroom procedures all related to adoption‐proneness (dependent variable).Phase two of the study isolated 39 home economics teachers from the composite sample in order to determine whether certain groups existed within this subsample that had similar characteristics based upon their measured degree of adoption‐proneness and personal characteristics found significant in phase one of the study.Cluster analysis indicated that the home economics teachers could be clustered into three distinct groups. Furthermore, there were indications that certain clusters existed that were not fully explained in the first phase of the study.The study should prove particularly useful to those responsible for the diffusion of educational innovations, especially across broad geographical areas.
Evaluation of Homemaking and Consumer Education Programs for Low‐Income Adults
Authors: Nelson Helen Y. , Jacoby Gertrude P. , Shannon Terrie Mikesell 
Published: March 2007

Newly‐designed home economics programs funded under Part F, Consumer and Homemaking Education, of Title I of the 1968 Amendments to the Vocational Education Act, were established in New York State to serve limited‐income adults. The present study was a formative evaluation of ten of these fledgling programs. Evaluation techniques included interview; systematic observation; ratings of subjects and paraprofessionals; and recording of critical incidents by local staff and researchers.Four objectives guided the study: (1) to measure progress of subjects toward objectives of under standing and application of consumer education and homemaking concepts; (2) to assess the ability of professional staff to recognize interests and needs of learners and to present a creative, innova tive program; (3) to measure progress of paraprofessional staff toward objectives of understanding and application of consumer education, homemaking concepts and of characteristics of employabil ity; (4) to provide answers to questions regarding attendance, participation, teaching methods, and program operation.Evidence was compiled that significant learning took place, even though the attrition rate was high. Evidence showed that local programs were able both to use and supplement services of other agencies. Findings indicated that an imaginative, flexible home economics program, cognizant of target population assets, interests, and sensitivities, can both attract and serve that population.
Relationship Between Individual Variables and Students' Selection and Performance in Competency‐ Based Education
Authors: Cummings Merrilyn N. , Bell Camille G. 
Published: March 2007

This study determined if students with varying grade point averages and self‐concept, internal‐ external locus of control, and self‐directedness scores selected and performed differentially under two approaches to competency‐based teacher education. Two hundred and eighty students enrolled in various home economics education classes at Texas Tech University participated in the study. The students elected to study particular competency areas by either a teacher‐directed approach or a student‐directed modular approach. Cognitive criterion tests and Likert‐type attitude scales were used for pre‐ and post‐assessments. Students who selected the student‐directed modular approach scored significantly higher in self‐directedness than did those choosing the teacher‐directed ap proach. The two groups did not vary significantly on the other variables.Comparison of students selecting teacher‐directed instruction and student‐directed instruction revealed no significant difference with regard to attitudinal gains but there was a significant difference in cognitive gains. Students in the teacher‐directed group gained significantly more in the cognitive area than did those in the student‐directed group.
Marital Satisfaction A s Perceived by Wives
Authors: Jeries Naheel 
Published: March 2007

This study was designed to determine the relative importance of specific sociological, economic, and psychological variables in explaining marital satisfaction. Data were collected from 163 two‐ parent families living in small towns in southwestern Iowa. Multivariate regression was used to analyze the data. The results of this study partially supported the general hypothesis that sociability and psychological factors would be more closely associated with marital satisfaction than would socioeconomic factors.The findings indicated that going places together as a family and marital decision making (jointly made by husbands and wives) regarding the best place for the family to live were positively related to marital satisfaction. On the other hand, borrowing and exchanging favors frequently with neighbors and frequency of money problems related to savings were negatively related to marital satisfaction.
Identification of Personality Characteristics of University Women Students Preceding A Weight Control Regimen
Authors: Hoskins Mercedes 
Published: March 2007

This research analyzed the data from 347 subjects who completed a personality assessment and enrolled in a weight control regimen. The subjects were grouped by their deviation from normal body weight as determined by Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tables (1969). Three groups were identified: (1) underweight, subjects whose weight deviated more than 10 percent below ideal weight; (2) middleweight, subjects deviating within 10 percent of ideal weight; and (3) overweight, subjects deviating more than 10 percent above their ideal weight. On the basis of scores assigned to their responses on the Taylor‐Johnson Temperament Analysis, nearly a fourth of the subjects were categorized as being in the stress syndrome (formerly identified as suicide proneness).Underweight subjects had the highest percentage of scores in the stress syndrome, and overweight subjects had the lowest percentage of scores that identified them as being under stress.A significant relationship was found between the scores of the subjects on the personality trait subjective (emotional, illogical, self‐absorbed) and having fathers whom they perceived to be over weight. Significant relationships were also found between the subjects' scores in the two traits, quiet (socially‐inactive, lethargic, withdrawn) and submissive (passive, compliant, dependent), and the weight of their closest friend, if the weight of the friend was perceived as being either under‐ or overweight rather than normal.
Lipid Content and Oxidation in Soy Protein/Ground Beef Mixture
Authors: Dignam Martha M. , Tseng Rose Y. , Smith‐Nury Elveda 
Published: March 2007

The effects of varying proportions of textured soy protein (mixed with ground beef) on the evap orative loss, cooking yield, lipid content, lipid oxidation, and overall acceptability were studied in cooked patties containing 0 to 40 percent soy protein.All analyses were made of patties cooked immediately after thawing. Lipid oxidation determina tions were also made after 48 and 72 hours of refrigeration. The results showed that when com pared to all beef patties the cooking yield was significantly (p<0.05) higher for those containing 30 and 40 percent soy, and the evaporative loss was lower (p<0.05) for the patties containing 40 percent soy. Total lipid content was significantly less (p<0.05) in all samples containing soy protein. Compared to 100 percent ground beef, there was less (p<0.05) fat oxidation in samples containing 30 percent soy which were refrigerated 48 and 72 hours, and in samples containing 40 percent soy refrigerated 48 hours. Overall acceptability was lower for all soy protein/beef patties as compared to those made of 100 percent beef (p<0.05).
Marital Adjustment: Controllin the Tendency to Distort Evaluations
Authors: Chesser Barbara Jo , Parkhurst Anne M. , Schaffer Debra L. 
Published: March 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of conventionalization on marital ad justment research and other highly ego‐involved studies relying upon self‐report data. Convention alization is defined as the tendency of human subjects to distort self‐appraisal data in the direction of social desirability. Relationships between marital adjustment, self‐esteem, and other sociodemo graphic variables were examined without adjusting for conventionalization. The same analyses were then performed adjusting for conventionalization via a partial correlation technique. Data were based on responses from 38 randomly selected couples who had been married at least six months but not more than two years. Statistical analyses of marital adjustment, self‐esteem, and other selected sociodemographic variables provided insight into the differential response patterns of husbands and wives.Results indicated that (1) neither marital adjustment nor self‐esteem is unidimensional; (2) the relationship between marital adjustment and self‐esteem is a complex, multi‐faceted matter, and (3) only when conventionalization is dealt with in research design and analysis can its contaminating effects be negated and can the results of studies using self‐rating instruments be considered valid.
Attitudinal Perceptions of Professionalization in Home Economics Teaching
Authors: Amos Rosalie J. , Nelson Helen Y. 
Published: March 2007

This study investigated the effects of socialization experiences on the attitudinal perceptions of a sample of home economics teachers regarding their work as a profession.An instrument was developed to measure attitudinal perceptions relative to the construct profes sion. Reliability on the pretested Professionalization Inventoryfor Home Economics Teaching (PI‐ HET) using Cronbach's formula for coefficient alpha was .96 on Profession and Professional Association sub‐scales, respectively, and .95 on Client and School Organization sub‐scales, respec tively.Three hundred and thirty‐three home economics teachers from Upper New York State were ran domly selected to participate in the research. Analysis of the 287 returned questionnaires (86 percent) indicated that most of the teachers in the sample believed that home economics teaching is a profession. The highest mean score (73) was on the Client sub‐scale and lowest mean score (54) was on the Professional Association sub‐scale of the PI‐HET (maximum score 81). Six indepen dent variables—Autonomy Training, Support in Choice, First Choice, Work Experience, Member, and Professional Journal Reading—were found to be statistically significant in the multiple regres sion analyses.
Rainy Season Food Behavior of Selected East Nicaraguan Miskito Indians
Authors: Dale Terry Rhonda , Bass Mary Ann , Kolasa Kathryn A. 
Published: March 2007

The availability, distribution, and consumption of food by a group of Miskito Indians during Nicaragua's rainy season were studied. Field research was conducted in July and August of 1976 in the small, east coast village of Kakabila. Field study methods included observation, participant observation, and key informant interviewing. A week each was spent with four families in home observation.The family plantation (farm) was the source of the largest percentage of total servings of food for each family observed (mean = 39%). Other frequently served foods were obtained from village grocery stores, fishing, village fruit trees, and loans, gifts, and purchases of food from other vil lagers. Cassava was identified as the core food in the diet of participating families. Other important foods in the diet were fish, green bananas, breadfruit, coconut milk, coconut water, and mangoes.The Nicaragua rainy season is made up of both rainy and non‐rainy days. Because Kakabila villagers often travelled a great distance from their home to procure food each day, it was hypothe sized that the seasonal rains (rainy days) of Nicaragua's rainy season would alter the core foods consumed by the villagers by interfering with food procurement. However, the villagers adapted to seasonal shortages of food through a food sharing system. Thus, this hypothesis was not confirmed.
Consumer Quality of Beef Chuck Roasts from Two Breed Types, Two Feedin Regimes, and Two Oven Temperatures
Authors: Foster Patricia E. , McCurdy Sandra M. , Martin Everett L. , Hard Margaret M. 
Published: March 2007

This research examined the effects of breed type, feeding regime, and roasting temperature on the palatability characteristics of chuck roasts. Beef chuck roasts from Angus and Simmental X Angus steers on low and high concentrate diets were oven roasted at 135°C and 163°C to an internal temperature of 71°C. Palatability factors including flavor (intensity and acceptability), tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability were scored by a six‐member, trained sensory panel. Cooking loss, cooking time, shear, and press juice also were determined.There were no significant differences in the tenderness scores or the shear values of roasts due to the treatments of breed, feeding regime, or oven temperature, or their interactions. Panelists scored flavor (p<0.01) and overall acceptability (p<0.01) higher for roasts from high concentrate fed animals, but no differences in flavor intensity or juiciness were apparent. Flavor intensity (p<0.05) and juiciness (p<0.01) were scored higher in roasts prepared at 163 °C than at 135°C. Press juice values were greater (p<0.01) and total cooking losses less (p<0.01) in roasts cooked at the higher oven temperature. Flavor acceptability was more closely associated with overall acceptability than were either juiciness or tenderness.
Fashion Preference: Drawings versus Photographs
Authors: Whisney Anita J. , Winakor Geitel , Wolins Leroy 
Published: March 2007

Are consumer preferences for fashions affected by whether styles are presented in photographs or drawings? Does mode of presentation of stimuli influence responses obtained in research? These were questions addressed in this experiment. Stimuli were photographs of five styles of evening wear and drawings of the same styles. Female university students responded to each stimulus on 19 pairs of polar adjectives; preferences were expressed in full forced‐choice paired comparisons.Mode of presentation made no difference in preferences for the five styles. Responses to specific styles differed between photographs and drawings for five of the 19 pairs of polar adjectives, but the quantitative effect of mode of presentation was very small. Order of preference for the styles was most closely linked with the word pairs dated‐current and ugly‐beautiful.
Interactive Effects of Achievement Anxiety, Academic Achievement, and Instructional Mode on Performance and Course Attitudes
Authors: Callis Carolyn , Dickey Lois E. 
Published: March 2007

The study focused on the interactive effects of achievement anxiety, academic achievement, and instructional mode on performance and course attitudes. A second concern of the study was to ascertain the differential effect of instructional mode on achievement anxiety of subgroups of students enrolled in an undergraduate clothing design course.Multivariate analysis of variance (MANO VA) was used to assess the interactive effects of achievement anxiety, cumulative point‐hour ratio (CPHR), and instructional mode on (a) two tests designed to measure knowledge and application of course content and (b) a course at titude scale. There were no significant interactions nor main effects. However, there was evidence that for the students with low CPHR and initially high debilitative anxiety, the TV lecture‐supervised laboratory mode provided a learning environment more facilitating in regard to achievement anxiety than the independent study mode.