bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The up‐regulation of 14‐3‐3 proteins in Smad4 deficient epidermis and hair follicles at catagen
Authors: Yuan Cunzhong , Jiao Liyan , Yang Leilei , Ying Wantao , Hu Zhishang , Liu Jinfeng , Cui Fang , Li Lei , Qian Linyi , Teng Yan , Hang Haiying , Qian Xiaohong , Yang Xiao 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEach postnatal hair follicle (HF) perpetually goes through three phases: anagen, catagen, and telogen. The molecular signals that orchestrate the follicular transition between phases are still largely unknown. Our previous study shows that the keratinocyte specific Smad4 knockout mice exhibit progressive alopecia due to the mutant HFs failure to undergo programmed regression. To investigate the detailed molecular events controlling this process, the protein profiles of Smad4 mutant and control epidermal and HF keratinocytes were compared using 2‐D difference gel electrophoresis (2‐D DIGE) proteomic analysis. Eighty‐six differentially expressed protein spots were identified by MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS or ESI‐MS/MS as 72 proteins, of which 29 proteins were found to be changed during the anagen‐catagen transition of HFs in Smad4 mutants compared with the controls. The differentially expressed proteins represent a wide spectrum of functional classes such as keratin, the cytoskeleton, cellular growth and differentiation, ion combination and transfer, protein enzymes. Notably, we found that the 14‐3‐3σ protein together with the 14‐3‐3ζ and 14‐3‐3β proteins were significantly down‐regulated only in wild‐type keratinocytes but not in Smad4 mutant keratinocytes during the catagen phase, suggesting that increased expression of 14‐3‐3 proteins might contribute to the blockade of catagen initiation in Smad4 deficient HFs.
Quantum dot‐based protein micro‐ and nanoarrays for detection of prostate cancer biomarkers
Authors: Gokarna Anisha , Jin Li‐Hua , Hwang Jun Seok , Cho Yong‐Hoon , Lim Yong Taik , Chung Bong Hyun , Youn Seong Hun , Choi Dong Sik , Lim Jung Hyurk 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this article, we demonstrate the fabrication and detection of cancer protein biochips consisting of micro‐ and nanoarrays whereby pegylated quantum dots (QDs) conjugated to antibodies (Abs) of prostate specific antigens (PSA) were used for the detection of clinical biomarkers such as PSA. BSA which acts as an efficient blocking layer in microarrays, tends to show an interaction with QDs. In view of this fact, we investigated two series of samples which were fabricated in the presence and absence of BSA blocking layer. Variation in the incubation time required for the antigen–antibody interaction to take place, different proteins as controls and the effect of bare QDs on these microarrays, were the three main parameters which were studied in these two series. Samples fabricated in the absence of BSA blocking layer exhibited an extremely high specificity in the detection of cancer proteins and were also marked by negligible nonspecific binding effects of QDs, in stark contrast to the samples fabricated using BSA as a blocking layer. Fabrication of nanoarrays of QD‐conjugated PSA Abs having a spot size of nearly 900 nm has also been demonstrated. Thus, we show the potential offered by QDs in in vitro analysis of cancer biomarker imaging.
Proteomics FASTA Archive and Reference Resource
Authors: Falkner Jayson A. , Hill James A. , Andrews Philip C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA FASTA file archive and reference resource has been added to ProteomeCommons.org. Motivation for this new functionality derives from two primary sources. The first is the recent FASTA standardization work done by the Human Proteome Organization's Proteomics Standards Initiative (HUPO‐PSI). Second is the general lack of a uniform mechanism to properly cite FASTA files used in a study, and to publicly access such FASTA files post‐publication. An extension to the Tranche data sharing network has been developed that includes web‐pages, documentation, and tools for facilitating the use of FASTA files. These include conversion to the new HUPO‐PSI format, and provisions for both citing and publicly archiving FASTA files. This new resource is available immediately, free of charge, and can be accessed at http://www.proteomecommons.org/data/fasta/. Source‐code for related tools is also freely available under the BSD license.
Standard molar enthalpies of formation of dimethylbenzophenones
Authors: Gomes José R. B. , Amaral Luísa M. P. F. , Ribeiro da Silva Manuel A. V. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe standard (p0 = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpy of formation of 3,4‐dimethylbenzophenone was derived from the standard molar energy of combustion, in oxygen, at T = 298.15 K, measured by static bomb combustion calorimetry. The Calvet high temperature vacuum sublimation technique was used to measure the enthalpy of sublimation of the compound. From these experimental parameters, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of 3,4‐dimethylbenzophenone, in the gaseous phase and at T = 298.15 K, was derived as −(17.1 ± 2.9) kJ mol−1. Density functional theory was used to investigate the gas‐phase molecular energetics of the 12 dimethylbenzophenones. Molecular geometries and vibrational frequencies were computed at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of theory. The larger 6‐311+G(2d,2p) basis set was used to compute the energy of all dimethylbenzophenones and of the other compounds that were considered for the estimation of the standard molar enthalpies of formation at T = 298.15 K. The calculations show that the 2,2′‐ and 4,4′‐dimethylbenzophenones are the least and most stable isomers, respectively. Finally, the calculated enthalpy of formation of the benzophenone that was also studied experimentally, 3,4‐dimethylbenzophenone, is −16.7 kJ mol−1, which is in excellent agreement with the experimental result. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photodegradation of butyl acrylate in the troposphere by OH radicals: kinetics and fate of 1,2‐hydroxyalcoxy radicals
Authors: Blanco María B. , Teruel Mariano A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe rate constant of the reaction of OH radicals with butyl acrylate was studied for the first time using an atmospheric simulation chamber at 298 K and ∼750 Torr of air or nitrogen. The decay of the organics was followed using a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector (GC‐FID), and the rate constant was determined using a relative rate method with different references. The obtained average value of (1.80 ± 0.26) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1is in agreement with previous determinations of the rate constants of OH radicals with acrylates and methacrylates in the literature. Additionally, product identification under atmospheric conditions was performed for the first time by the GC‐MS technique. Butyl glyoxalate was observed as the degradation product in accordance with the addition of OH to the less substituted carbon atom of the double bond, followed by decomposition of the 1,2‐hydroxyalkoxy radicals formed. Room temperature rate coefficient was used to estimate the atmospheric lifetime of the ester studied. Reactivity trends are discussed in terms of the substituent effects and the length of the hydrogenated chain of the ester. The atmospheric persistence of BUAC was calculated taking into account the experimental rate constant obtained. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MP2 study of the gas phase elimination mechanism of some neutral amino acids and their ethyl esters
Authors: Pérez Johan R. , Loroño Marcos , Domínguez Rosa M. , Córdova Tania , Chuchani Gabriel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe mechanisms of the gas phase elimination of N,N‐dimethylglycine, picolinic acid, and N‐phenylglycine and their ethyl esters have been examined at Möller–Plesset MP2/6‐31G (d, p) level of theory. The ethyl esters of these 2‐amino carboxylic acids produce the corresponding amino carboxylic acid and ethylene in a rate‐determining step. However, the unstable intermediate amino carboxylic acid rapidly decarboxylate to give the corresponding amino compound. These calculations imply a concerted, semi‐polar six‐membered cyclic transition state type of mechanism for the ethyl esters, and a non‐synchronous five‐membered cyclic transition state for the amino acids decarboxylation. The present results support previous mechanistic consideration of the elimination of the above‐mentioned compounds in the gas phase. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disorder and instability processes in amorphous conducting oxides
Authors: Robertson John 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe behaviour of ionic amorphous oxide semiconductors (transparent conducting oxides) such as In2O3, SnO2, and ZnO is contrasted with that of covalent amorphous semiconductors such as amorphous Si. These oxides have an s‐like conduction band minima, which leads to high electron mobilities, smaller effects of disorder, and the ability to move the Fermi level well into the conduction band. This results in an absence of the bias stress instability due to the bond breaking mechanism in oxide thin film transistors, which limited the stability of a‐Si:H transistors. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multipole characteristics of the open‐shell electron eigenstates
Authors: Mulak J. , Mulak M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe second moment of the sublevels within the initial state |αSLJ 〉 which constitutes a natural and adequate measure of the crystal‐field (CF) effect can be redefined as where is the so‐called 2k ‐pole CF strength, whereas Ak = 〈αSLJ ‖ C(k) ‖αSLJ 〉 the reduced matrix element of the k ‐rank spherical tensor operator. Therefore, the CF effect depends on the sum of products of the two factors representing the identical multipole components of two different charge distributions. The term Ak expresses the asphericity of the central ion open‐shell, whereas the term Sk the asphericity of its surroundings. When these two distributions do not fit each other the observed CF splitting can be unexpectedly weak even for considerable values of the total and . The tabulated quantities of the Ak (|αSLJ 〉), as the 2k ‐pole type asphericities, are the intrinsic characteristics of the electron states revealing their multipolar structure and hence their potential susceptibility to CF splitting separately for each effective multipole. For any chosen pair of a central‐ion and CF potential the relevant Ak and Sk magnitudes, respectively, allow us to predict the scale of the related splitting. We can also compare the CF splitting of various states in the same CF potentials or the splitting of the same state in various CF potentials. Having the model σ2 and their experimentally available counterparts we can evaluate the degree of admixing of the free‐ion states. Since the independent quantities Sk and Ak occur as the scalar product in the formula for σ2 the use of the total S and A notions should be critically considered. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparative columnar porous etching studies on n‐type 6H SiC crystalline faces
Authors: Ke Y. , Devaty R. P. , Choyke W. J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractComparative photo‐electrochemical etchings have been performed on the Si‐face, C‐face and a‐face of n‐type 6H SiC. Two kinds of columnar pores are developed: nano‐columnar (∼20 nm diameter) and macro‐columnar (∼one µm diameter). The time dependences of the current densities during the etchings are discussed. Our results show that the nano‐columnar pore formation is associated with the anisotropic electrochemical oxidation reaction rate on the different crystal faces. Our experiments show that, in the case of 6H SiC, the C‐face should be used for nano‐columnar pore formation. The electrochemical oxidation rate increases with the surface C atom density of SiC. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Impact of the Ga concentration on the microstructure of CuIn1–xGaxSe2
Authors: Abou‐Ras D. , Caballero R. , Kaufmann C. A. , Nichterwitz M. , Sakurai K. , Schorr S. , Unold T. , Schock H. W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCross‐sectional samples of CuIn1–x Gax Se2 layers grown by a three‐stage process were studied by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in completed thin‐film solar cells. The microstructural analysis reveals a dependence of the average grain size on the gallium content x = [Ga]/([Ga] + [In]), with a maximum at x = 0.23. This result is correlated with structural measurements on CuIn1–x Gax Se2 powder samples showing that the ratio of the lattice constants c /a is equal to 2 for about the same x value. The pseudocubic crystal structure at about x = 0.23 may lead to reduced strain in the growing CuIn1–x Gax Se2 layer and therefore larger average grain sizes. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of a polyphenol‐rich extract from Geranium sanguineum L. in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Murzakhmetova Maira , Moldakarimov Sadat , Tancheva Ljubka , Abarova Sylvia , Serkedjieva Julia 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA polyphenol‐rich extract from Geranium sanguineum L. (PC) protected biological membranes due to its antioxidant capacity. PC caused a dose‐dependent decrease of the osmotic hemolysis of human erythrocytes and increased their resistance against the toxic effect of H2O2; no effect on catalase activity was observed. While PC reduced the accumulation of TBA‐reactive products in rat liver microsomes in inducible lipid peroxidation (LPO), the non‐induced LPO was not affected.Further the effect of PC on the products of LPO was investigated in the lungs, livers and sera of intact and influenza virus‐infected mice (VIM). The infection enhanced LPO in the lungs and livers. In the group of PC‐treated VIM, malondialdehyde (MDA) in the lungs and livers was brought to control levels. PC‐treatment caused a significant increase of MDA in the lungs of intact mice, a slight one in the livers and did not affect MDA in the sera. Thus the extract exhibited prooxidant characteristics in intact animals as well as antioxidant properties in VIM. The reducing ability of PC on LPO could be an alternative mechanism of its protective effect in experimental influenza infection. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study on the hemostatic activity of the Tibetan medicinal herb Lamiophlomis rotata
Authors: Li Maoxing , Jia Zhengping , Hu Zhide , Zhang Ruxue , Shen Tao 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe blood hemostatic activity of the Tibetan medicinal herb Lamiophlomis rotata was evaluated in BALB/c mice and Wistar rats. L. rotata aqueous extract (LRAE) was given to mice at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g/kg body weight and 0.75, 1.5, 3.0 g/kg to rats. The hemostatic activity of LRAE was estimated by changes in bleeding time (BT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen (FIB). At the same time hepatic function and blood fat indexes including AST, ALT, Alb, Chol and LDL‐C were measured also. The results showed that an appropriate level of LRAE could shorten the BT and TT values and increase the Alb level paralleling that of FIB. However, the shortening of the PT was only possible by a high and long administration of LRAE, and no change in APTT was observed. On the other hand, LRAE showed some effects in improving the liver function and reducing blood lipids by decreasing the levels of AST, ALT, Chol and LDL‐C. All these changes had a significant dose‐effect and time‐effect relationship. These results confirm the hemostatic and thromboplastic effects of L. rotata and these effects might be implemented by improving the synthetic function of the liver. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity of Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss. subsp. apollinis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Robson & Strid methanol extract
Authors: Galati E. M. , Contartese G. , Miceli N. , Taviano M. F. , Sdrafkakis V. , Couladis M. , Tzakou O. , Lanuzza F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPlants of the genus Hypericum are widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of gastric ailments (including pectic ulcers), burns, swelling, inflammation, anxiety, as well as for bacterial and viral infections. The aerial parts of Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss. subsp. apollinis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Robson & Strid (Guttiferae), a perennial herb growing wild in Greece, were subjected to biological and phytochemical studies. The H. rumeliacum methanol extract showed, on the DPPH test, antioxidant activity (IC50 = 23.61 µg/mL).The antiinflammatory activity of the extract (70 mg/kg, i.p.), in the carrageenan‐induced paw oedema in rat, was studied. In this experimental model an inhibition of paw oedema, significant from the first to third hour, was observed. The histological examination confirmed resolution of the inflammatory process observed in vivo.Through HPLC analysis of the H. rumeliacum methanol extract, the naphthodianthrones hypericin, pseudohypericin and some polyphenol compounds, such as chlorogenic acid, rutin and isoquercitrin, were identified and quantified.The antioxidant activity of H. rumeliacum could be chiefly related to polyphenol compounds that are well known as the main contributors to the free radical‐scavenging effects. The antiinflammatory effect of the methanol extract of the aerial parts could be due to the synergic action both of hypericin and polyphenol compounds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review of Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza sp. and its Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Asl Marjan Nassiri , Hosseinzadeh Hossein 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe roots and rhizomes of licorice (Glycyrrhiza) species have long been used worldwide as a herbal medicine and natural sweetener. Licorice root is a traditional medicine used mainly for the treatment of peptic ulcer, hepatitis C, and pulmonary and skin diseases, although clinical and experimental studies suggest that it has several other useful pharmacological properties such as antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidative, anticancer activities, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects. A large number of components have been isolated from licorice, including triterpene saponins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids and chalcones, with glycyrrhizic acid normally being considered to be the main biologically active component. This review summarizes the phytochemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetics data, together with the clinical and adverse effects of licorice and its bioactive components. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of nutrient mixture and black grapes on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered (‐)epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate from green tea extract: a human study
Authors: Gawande Sonia , Kale Anup , Kotwal Swati 
Published: April 2008

Abstract(‐)Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a green tea component, has been attributed with anticarcinogenic and antioxidant activities. The extent and rate of absorption of EGCG by the small intestine depends on various factors such as molecular size, lipophilicity, solubility, pKa, gastric and intestinal transit time, lumen pH, membrane permeability and first pass metabolism.The bioavailability of EGCG can be increased by decreasing the presystemic elimination by stabilizing EGCG in the lumen, helping its transfer across the intestinal apical membrane and its accumulation and thus its availability by inhibiting phase I and II enzymes and phase III transporters. In a crossover study, five human volunteers were given a single oral dose of GTE (A), nutrient mixture (NM) containing GTE (B) and formulation B along with black grapes 250 g (C). Blood samples were drawn at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. The pharmacokinetic parameters were analysed by WinNonLin (Vs 5.0.1.) using a non‐compartmental approach. Supplementation with nutrient mixture normally prescribed to cancer patients containing ascorbic acid, selenium, N‐acetyl cysteine and other nutrients (formulation B) resulted in an increase of the systemic availability of EGCG by 14% and formulation C further increased it by 13%, thus leading to a total increase of 27%. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacological studies on Indian black tea (leaf variety) in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions
Authors: Roy Dilip K. , Kumar K. T. Mani Senthil , Zothanpuia  , Karmakar Sanmoy , Pal Siddhartha , Samanta Samir K. , Adhikari Dipan , Sen Tuhinadri 
Published: April 2008

AbstractInfusions of Indian black tea (BTI), when administered orally, produced significant inhibition of rat paw oedema, induced with carrageenin (pre and post treatment) and arachidonic acid. BTI was also found to inhibit peritoneal capillary permeability and caused a marked reduction of lipopolysaccharide induced PGE2 generation. In these models, the observed antioedema effect was similar to that of BW755C (a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and 5‐lipoxygenase enzymes). BTI was found to scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, and also protected rat erythrocytes from the damaging effects of hydrogen peroxide. In chronic studies, BTI inhibited granuloma formation along with the reduction of both lipid peroxidation and hydroxyproline content (in the granuloma tissue). Significant antiarthritic activity was observed with regular administration of BTI in the Freund's adjuvant induced model of arthritis. Chronic treatment with BTI (in arthritic rats) resulted in a decrease of paw diameter and tissue lipid peroxidation, along with a restoration of GSH, catalase and superoxide dismutase levels. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Off‐line pyrolysis and compound‐specific stable carbon isotope analysis of lignin moieties: a new method for determining the fate of lignin residues in soil
Authors: Dungait Jennifer A. J. , Stear Natalie A. , van Dongen Bart E. , Bol Roland , Evershed Richard P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOff‐line pyrolysis was used to liberate lignin moieties from dung and soil and, after trimethylsilylation, the δ13C values of these derivatives were determined by gas chromatography‐combustion‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Initial δ13C values determined for 4‐vinylphenol, syringol, 4‐vinylguaiacol, 4‐acetylsyringol, 4‐vinylsyringol, 4‐(2‐Z‐propenyl)syringol, 4‐(2‐E‐propenyl)syringol and 4‐(2‐propenone)syringol pyrolysis products of the lignin polyphenol structure from C4 (δ13Cbulk = −12.6%) and C3 (δ13Cbulk = −30.1‰) dung confirmed the robust and reproducible nature of the off‐line preparation technique. C4 dung was used as a treatment in a randomised field experiment to assess the short‐term sequestration of dung carbon in managed grasslands. Since lignin was on average 3.5‰ depleted in 13C compared with bulk dung δ13C values, this may have resulted in an under‐estimation of dung C incorporation based on bulk δ13C values. Therefore, an investigation of the compound‐specific δ13C values of dung‐derived lignin moieties extracted from soils sampled up to 372 days was undertaken. Δ13C values between lignin moieties extracted from treated and untreated soils showed that dung‐derived lignin was not especially resistant to degradation and suggested that individual moieties of the lignin macromolecule must: (i) move into soil, (ii) be degraded, or (iii) be transformed diagenetically at different rates. This adds to a gathering body of evidence that lignin is not particularly stable in soils, which has considerable significance for the perceived role of different biochemical components in the cycling of C in soils. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.