bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the regeneration of the skin barrier and the changes in 32P incorporation into the epidermis after stripping
Authors: KOMATSU H. , SUZUKI M. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
The epidermis of the rabbit ear was stripped and the effects on percutaneous absorption and 32P incorporation into lipid, TCA-sotuble, RNA and DNA fractions in the epidermis were studied for 21 days. Skin penetration by 14C-propylene glycol increased 300-fold immediately after stripping twenty times. Three to five days after stripping, penetration had returned almost to normal levels, but it required several additional days for the barrier function to become normal. The process of regeneration of the skin barrier paralleled the morphological changes in the epidermis but was inconsistent with the biochemical data. A significant increase in 32P incorporation was observed at 10 days, when the hyperplasia had disappeared and percutaneous absorption had returned to normal. The discrepancy between 32P incorporation and morphology or percutaneous absorption after stripping is discussed.
Perioral dermatitis in renal transplant recipients maintained on corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: ADAMS S.J. , DAVISON A.M. , CUNLIFFE W.J. , GILES G.R. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
Five patients with perioral dermatitis are described. They were all renal transplant recipients maintained on long-term oral corticosteroids and azathioprine (13 months to 7 years). They all responded satisfactorily to oral doxycycline.
Cantharidin-induced acantholysis in Darier's disease: does acantholysis initiate dyskeratosis?
Authors: YELL J.A. , BURGE S.M. , DEAN D. 
Published: July 2006

Summary
We have examined the action of cantharidin on the skin of patients with Darier's disease, and used immunohistological techniques to determine the distribution of desmosomal components, keratin intermediate filaments, and proteases in cantharidin-induced blisters. Cantharidin induced acantho- lysis, but the presence of acantholysis did not trigger the development of the characteristic warty, dyskeratotic papules in patients with Darier's disease.
The distribution of desmosomal components. keratins and proteases within the acantholytic keratinocytes in the cantharidin-induced blisters was similar to that previously found in acantholytic cells within lesions of Darier's disease: peripheral staining for extracellular desmosomal components was reduced: some desmosomal components were detected diffusely in the acantholytic cells: basal cell keratin markers were expressed by some suprabasal acantholytic cells, and plasminogen was detected in association with acantholytic cells. Cleavage of desmosomes did not reveal the underlying abnormality in Darier's disease.
Skin fibroblast activity in pretibial myxoedema and the effect of octreotide (Sandostatin®) in vitro
Authors: PRIESTLEY G.C. , ALDRIDGE R.D. , SIME P.J. , WILSON D. 
Published: July 2006

Summary
The accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the skin in pretibial myxoedema appears to be a response by local fibroblasts to a stimulating factor in the patient's serum, but the identity of the factor, its ability to stimulate skin fibroblasts as opposed to cultured thyroid cells, and the specificity of its effect to pretibial skin fibroblasts, are all controversial. We have studied fibroblasts cultured from the lesional skin of two women with pretibial myxoedema, and compared their proliferation and secretion of glycosaminoglycans with those of fibroblasts from the patients' forearms and from the forearm skin of two normal subjects. We found that in the presence of the patients' sera all six lines of fibroblasts secreted more glycosaminoglycans [205±21% (SD)] than with normal human sera (147±19%), or fetal calf serum (100%). Fibroblast proliferation showed the same pattern of differences: patients' sera 142±22%; normal human sera 116±9%, and fetal calf serum 100%. These experiments confirm the presence of a serum factor in pretibial myxoedema which is capable of stimulating the activity of skin fibroblasts in vitro, and show that its effects are not restricted to fibroblasts from pretibial skin or to those grown from the skin of the patients. Proliferation of normal fibroblasts cultured in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum was reduced by Sandostatin® (octreotide), but it failed to inhibit their secretion of glycosaminoglycans. In contrast, secretion of glycosaminoglycans by a patient's pretibial skin fibroblasts was almost completely inhibited by 1 mM minoxidil. In the presence of patients' sera Sandostatin® (0.1–10 μg/ml) reduced secretion of glycosaminoglycans by about 50%. Our data support the use of Sandostatin® in pretibial myxoedema, and suggest that it may suppress fibroblast glycosaminogly- can secretion within the skin via depletion of insulin-like growth factor or the blocking of its effect.
Cutaneous manifestations of methylmalonic and propionic acidaemia: a description based on 38 cases
Authors: BODEMER C. , DE PROST Y. , BACHOLLET B. , POGGI F. , TEILLAC-HAMEL D. , FRAITAG S. , SAUDUBRAY J.M. 
Published: July 2006

Summary
Methylmalonic and propionic acidaemias are rare metabolic disorders with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. A number of aminoacidopathies may have cutaneous manifestations, but these are usually absent in methylmalonic and propionic acidaemia. We have studied 38 children with propionic and methylmalonic acidaemia in the last 10 years at the Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades. Thirteen had cutaneous manifestations: acute superficial scalded skin and superficial desquamation, bilateral and periorificial dermatitis, psoriasiform eruptions, and alopecia. The relative uniformity of these manifestations (scalded skin and desquamation after metabolic decompensation, chronic bilateral and periorificial dermatitis) suggests that methylmalonic and propionic acidaemias should be included in the category of aminoacidopathies with cutaneous manifestations. All these patients were suffering from severe forms of these diseases, with no residual enzyme activity, and they were all subjected to a very severe natural protein-restricted diet. These cutaneous manifestations may therefore either be part of a complex multideficiency syndrome, or be due to the enzyme deficiency itself.
Hydrolysis Kinetics of Trisaccharides Consisting of Glucose, Galactose, and Fructose Residues in Subcritical Water
Authors: Khajavi Shabnam Haghighat , Ota Shuji , Nakazawa Risa , Kimura Yukitaka , Adachi Shuji 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe hydrolysis kinetics of trisaccharides consisting of glucose, galactose, and fructose residues with different glycosidic bonds, 1‐kestose,d‐melezitose,d‐raffinose, and lactosucrose, in subcritical water were conducted over the temperature range of 150–230 °C and at a constant pressure of 10 MPa. The hydrolysis of trisaccharides in subcritical water proceeded consecutively, i.e., one cleavage of the two bonds antedated the other. The preceding cleavage was not expressed by the first‐order kinetics, but by the kinetics considering the concentration of the acidic compounds, which were produced by the degradation of the constituent monosaccharides. The hydrolysis of the constituent disaccharides, except sucrose composed of the α‐Glc‐(1→2)‐β‐Fru bond, obeyed first‐order kinetics. All of the rate constants of the hydrolytic kinetics were determined, and the values were found to depend on the type of bond.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogel as a Biocompatible Viscoelastic Mimetic for Articular Cartilage
Authors: Grant Colin , Twigg Pete , Egan Alex , Moody Alexandra , Smith Annie , Eagland Donald , Crowther Nicholas , Britland Steve 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe prevalence of suboptimal outcome for surgical interventions in the treatment of full‐thickness articular cartilage damage suggests that there is scope for a materials‐based strategy to deliver a more durable repair. Given that the superficial layer of articular cartilage creates and sustains the tribological function of synovial joints, it is logical that candidate materials should have surface viscoelastic properties that mimic native articular cartilage. The present paper describes force spectroscopy analysis by nano‐indentation to measure the elastic modulus of the surface of a novel poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with therapeutic potential as a joint implant. More than 1 order of magnitude decrease in the elastic modulus was detected after adsorption of a hyaluronic acid layer onto the hydrogel, bringing it very close to previously reported values for articular cartilage. Covalent derivatization of the hydrogel surface with fibronectin facilitated the adhesion and growth of cultured rat tibial condyle chondrocytes as evidenced morphologically and by the observance of metachromatic staining with toluidine blue dye. The present results indicate that hydrogel materials with potential therapeutic benefit for injured and diseased joints can be engineered with surfaces with biomechanical properties similar to those of native tissue and are accepted as such by their constituent cell type.
General framework for developing and evaluating database scoring algorithms using the TANDEM search engine
Authors: MacLean Brendan , Eng Jimmy K. , Beavis Ronald C. , McIntosh Martin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Motivation: Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) identifies protein sequences using database search engines, at the core of which is a score that measures the similarity between peptide MS/MS spectra and a protein sequence database. The TANDEM application was developed as a freely available database search engine for the proteomics research community. To extend TANDEM as a platform for further research on developing improved database scoring methods, we modified the software to allow users to redefine the scoring function and replace the native TANDEM scoring function while leaving the remaining core application intact. Redefinition is performed at run time so multiple scoring functions are available to be selected and applied from a single search engine binary. We introduce the implementation of the pluggable scoring algorithm and also provide implementations of two TANDEM compatible scoring functions, one previously described scoring function compatible with PeptideProphet and one very simple scoring function that quantitative researchers may use to begin their development. This extension builds on the open-source TANDEM project and will facilitate research into and dissemination of novel algorithms for matching MS/MS spectra to peptide sequences. The pluggable scoring schema is also compatible with related search applications P3 and Hunter, which are part of the X! suite of database matching algorithms. The pluggable scores and the X! suite of applications are all written in C++.
Contact: mmcintosh@fhcrc.org
Availability: Source code for the scoring functions is available from
Supplementary information:
A multivariate approach for integrating genome-wide expression data and biological knowledge
Authors: Kong Sek Won , Pu William T. , Park Peter J. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Motivation: Several statistical methods that combine analysis of differential gene expression with biological knowledge databases have been proposed for a more rapid interpretation of expression data. However, most such methods are based on a series of univariate statistical tests and do not properly account for the complex structure of gene interactions.
Results: We present a simple yet effective multivariate statistical procedure for assessing the correlation between a subspace defined by a group of genes and a binary phenotype. A subspace is deemed significant if the samples corresponding to different phenotypes are well separated in that subspace. The separation is measured using Hotelling's T2 statistic, which captures the covariance structure of the subspace. When the dimension of the subspace is larger than that of the sample space, we project the original data to a smaller orthonormal subspace. We use this method to search through functional pathway subspaces defined by Reactome, KEGG, BioCarta and Gene Ontology. To demonstrate its performance, we apply this method to the data from two published studies, and visualize the results in the principal component space.
Contact: peter_park@harvard.edu
Pigmented basal cell epithelioma
Authors: BLEEHEN STANLEY S. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
Light and electron microscopic studies have been carried out on three pigmented basal cell epitheliomas and on cell cultures of two of these tumours, to determine the formation and transfer of pigment and the fine structure of the constituent cells. Scattered in the epithelial tumour buds were many functional melanocytes that contained melanosomes in various stages of development and whose morphology was essentially normal. Many melanophages were present in the dermal stroma, but few transferred melanosomes were to be found in the epithelial tumour cells.
Tissue culture studies revealed that melanocytes were present among the proliferating islands of epithelial cells and these contained many melanosomes. However, few melanosomes were found in the epithelial cells. This study indicated a block in the transfer of pigment from the melanocyte to the basal epithelioma cells.
Several of the cultured epithelial cells were found to contain dense bundles of filaments resembling amyloid. It is likely that they are abnormal tonofilaments resulting from the differentiation and keratinization of basal cells in vitro.
Pigmentary demarcation lines
Authors: SELMANOWITZ VICTOR J. , KRIVO JAMES M. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
The natural pigmentary demarcation boundaries of the skin can be classified as: Group A—lines along the upper limb with variable trans-pectoral extension; Group B—lines along the lower limb; Group C—paired lines in median or paramedian course on the chest with midline abdominal extension; Group D—posteromedian demarcation; and Group E—bilaterally symmetrical, obliquely oriented hypopigmented macules on the chest. Groups A and C are the most distinct and occur in both Negroes and Japanese.
Dermo—epidermal adhesion and its effect on epidermal structure in the mouse
Authors: BULLOUGH WILLIAM S. , DEOL JOHANNA U.R. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYEvidence is presented that dermo—epidermal adhesion is low in mouse ear. Consequently the pressure caused by mitotic activity in the basal epidermal layer is readily relieved by cell extrusion distally and the number of basal cells per unit skin area remains low. The rule then is that the number of distal cells per unit skin area must be equally low, and the epidermis is therefore thin.Conversely, dermo—epidermal adhesion is high in mouse sole-of-foot epidermis, and the mitotic pressure leads through cell crowding to a columnar basal epithelium. Furthermore, in the footpad centre, where adhesion is evidently highest, the baseline folds. With basal cell crowding and baseline folding there are more basal cells, and therefore more distal cells, per unit skin area. The epidermis is thick.Epidermal cells are regarded as equipotential. The different epidermal characteristics of the different body regions are determined by the combined actions of the local mitotic rate and the local strength of the dermal grip.
The dysgonic form of Microsporum canis in N. W. London
Authors: TUCKER W. D. L. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
An account is given of the occurrence in N. W. London of ringworm due to the dysgonic form of Microsporum canis in cats, dogs, and humans. The unusual morphology of the dysgonic strain is described as is the extraordinary lability of the fungus in culture. The distribution of cases in man and animals in the area is mapped. The clinical and epidemiological behaviour of the fungus, as illustrated by four family outbreaks, differs little from that of the typical strain. The origin of the dysgonic strain is unknown.
Dyes and preservatives in oral antihistamines
Authors: ALDRIDGE R. D. , MAIN R. A. , SMITH M. E. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
Antihistamines are commonly used in the treatment of urticaria. Some antihistamines contain dyes and preservatives which have themselves been shown to produce or exacerbate urticaria; the presence of these substances is not indicated in the usual formularies and a list of commonly prescribed antihistamines is presented, detailing the azo dyes, other dyes and preservatives contained therein.
Pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus coexisting with oral lichen planus
Authors: NEUMANN-JENSEN B. , WORSAAE N. , DABELSTEEN E. , ULLMAN S. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYTwo women, aged 72 and 61 years, had mucocutaneous manifestations of pemphigus vulgaris, and one 76-year-old man had pemphigus foliaceus coexisting with oral lichen planus. Clinical and histopathological findings as well as direct and indirect immunofluorescence studies established the diagnosis.
Amyloid vascular disease: cord-like thickening of mucocutaneous arteries, intermittent claudication and angina in a case with underlying myelomatosis
Authors: BREATHNACH S. M. , WELLS G. C. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
A patient with established myelomatosis and an IgG paraproteinaemia presented with intermittent claudication. Indurated cord-like structures were noted on the dorsum of the right hand and the buccal surface of the lower lip, and biopsy of the hand lesion revealed massive amyloid deposition within the wall of an artery. Cord-like thickening of mucocutaneous arteries as a presenting sign of systemic amyloidosis in the absence of glossomegaly or other cutaneous lesions has not been reported previously. The presence of intermittent claudication and angina suggested that amyloid involvement of large arteries was extensively distributed.
Evaluation of drug phototoxicity by photosensitization of Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Authors: HORIO TAKESHI 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
Long wave ultraviolet radiation to suspensions of T. mentagrophytes, in the presence of photosensi tizing chemicals, resulted in death of the fungus as measured by loss in colony-forming ability. Photosensitization could be demonstrated, with appropriate exposures and concentrations, with chlorpromazine, promethazine, perphenazine, anthracene, sulphanilamide, trimethylpsoralen, tolbutamide, tetrachlorosalicylanilide, and tribromosalicylanilide. No phorotoxicity was detected with demethylchlortetracycline and thiazides.
The present system seems to be simple, reproducible, and sensitive as an in vitro screening test for the photosensitizing potential of chemicals.
The rate of corneocyte formation in microscopic lesions in patients with active psoriasis
Authors: JOHANNESSON ANDERS , HAMMAR HANS 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYMicroscopic lesions in active psoriasis were identified after careful examination with a magnifying glass in areas free of macroscopic lesions and of hair follicles. Biopsies were excised without anesthesia, immediately frozen and cryostat-sectioned. Care was taken to preserve the horny layer which was stained to reveal corneocyte membranes and nuclei when present. The interlocking sheets of corneocyte layers made it feasible to outline and trace intercellular spaces parallel to the surface and count the number of corneocyte layers between pairs of these. It was assumed that the location of such a space in the horny layer indicates the period of time from its formation. This information was used to assess the rate of corneocyte layer formation at specified intervals of time. The result shows that adjacent areas of the horny layer could be compared and relative rates of corneocyte layer formation computed.In the parakeratotic part of the early lesions of psoriasis studied the rate of corneocyte layer formation was 15 times higher than that in the non-involved skin. The peak rate, coincident with parakeratosisj was preceded by a number of thickened corneocyte layers. These also showed an increased rate of formation, up to 6.6 times that in non-involved skin. There was no acanthosis in the lesions studied. A subepidermal cellular infiltrate was observed. Periods of rapid corneocyte formation with parakeratosis were often short (not more than one day). These were interrupted by periods with a lower rate. The relationship between corneocyte morphology and stratum corneum kinetics is a distinct feature in the early psoriatic lesion.
The spectrum of inflammatory skin disease following jejuno-ileal bypass for morbid obesity
Authors: KENNEDY CAMERON 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
From a scries of 105 patients who had undergone jejuno-ileal bypass for morbid obesity, seven developed an episodic illness featuring inflammatory skin lesions, usually associated with a non destructive polyarthritis. Tenosynovitis, myalgia and fever had also occurred. The illness abated spontaneously in four patients.
The most characteristic skin lesion was an erythematous macule which developed a central vesicle or pustule. Erythema nodosum-like lesions and liquefying nodules were also seen. Early lesions were characterised by a dense accumulation of neutrophils. Changes in dermal vessels were less destructive than is usually seen in immune complex mediated vasculitis. Circulating immune complexes could be demonstrated in patients actively developing skin lesions. They were also found in some patients long after activity had ceased and in jejuno-ileal bypass subjects who had never developed inflammatory lesions.
Dapsone was effective in suppressing the skin and joint symptoms when metronidazole and/or tetracycline had failed.
Fatal chronic cutaneous herpes simplex associated with thymoma and hypogammaglobulinaemia
Authors: BECK S. , SLATER D. , HARRINGTON CHRISTINE I. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYA patient is described who suffered from cutaneous herpes simplex for 9 years. A raediastinal tumour had been demonstrated radiologically 10 years prior to the onset of the skin disease and at autopsy the tumour was identified as a spindle cell thymoma. The patient also had hypogammaglobulinaemia.
A population genetic study of psoriasis
Authors: SWANBECK G. , INEROT A. , MARTINSSON T. , WAHLSTRÖM J. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYWe present epidemiological data for 5197 families with psoriasis. Errors in reporting have been analysed. Analysis of the data provides indications of random mating with respect to whether the partner has the skin disease or not. Data on psoriasis among parents, siblings and children are provided, and particular attention has been paid to the age at onset of psoriasis. Psoriasis was present in the parents of about 36% of the probands. In families in which one or both parents have psoriasis, the occurrence of the disease among the siblings does not provide any information which differentiates between a dominant and recessive mode of inheritance, but is compatible with both. In families in which neither parent had psoriasis, provided there was a proband with psoriasis, the probability of the siblings suffering from psoriasis was close to 0.25, indicating a recessive mode of inheritance. The distribution of psoriasis among the parents of all probands, and among the children of probands, was also compatible with this mode of inheritance. The prevalence of psoriasis in the elderly was estimated to be about 5%, and the gene frequency in the whole population 25%.These findings show that, with regard to first-degree relatives, the inheritance of psoriasis can fit an autosomal recessive model. The concept of a recessive mode of inheritance may be used as a basis for genetic counselling.