bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brecciation at the grain scale within the lithologies of the Winchcombe Mighei‐like carbonaceous chondrite
Authors: Daly Luke , Suttle Martin D. , Lee Martin R. , Bridges John , Hicks Leon , Martin Pierre‐Etienne M. C. , Floyd Cameron J. , Jenkins Laura E. , Salge Tobias , King Ashley J. , Almeida Natasha V. , Johnson Diane , Trimby Patrick W. , Mansour Haithem , Wadsworth Fabian B. , Rollinson Gavyn , Genge Matthew J. , Darling James , Bagot Paul A. J. , White Lee F. , Stephen Natasha R. , Mitchell Jennifer T. , Griffin Sammy , Willcocks Francesca M. , Jones Rhian , Piazolo Sandra , Einsle Joshua F. , Macente Alice , Hallis Lydia J. , O'Brien Aine , Schofield Paul F. , Russell Sara S. , Bates Helena , Smith Caroline , Franchi Ian , Forman Lucy V. , Bland Phil A. , Westmoreland David , Anderson Iain , Taylor Richard , Montgomery Mark , Parsons Mark , Vasseur Jérémie , van Ginneken Matthias , Wozniakiewicz Penelope J. , Burchell Mark J. , Hallatt Daniel , Alesbrook Luke S. , Spathis Vassilia , Worden Richard , Behnsen Julie , Black Kate ,   the UK Fireball Alliance
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Mighei‐like carbonaceous (CM) chondrites have been altered to various extents by water–rock reactions on their parent asteroid(s). This aqueous processing has destroyed much of the primary mineralogy of these meteorites, and the degree of alteration is highly heterogeneous at both the macroscale and nanoscale. Many CM meteorites are also heavily brecciated juxtaposing clasts with different alteration histories. Here we present results from the fine‐grained team consortium study of the Winchcombe meteorite, a recent CM chondrite fall that is a breccia and contains eight discrete lithologies that span a range of petrologic subtypes (CM2.0–2.6) that are suspended in a cataclastic matrix. Coordinated multitechnique, multiscale analyses of this breccia reveal substantial heterogeneity in the extent of alteration, even in highly aqueously processed lithologies. Some lithologies exhibit the full range and can comprise nearly unaltered coarse‐grained primary components that are found directly alongside other coarse‐grained components that have experienced complete pseudomorphic replacement by secondary minerals. The preservation of the complete alteration sequence and pseudomorph textures showing tochilinite–cronstedtite intergrowths are replacing carbonates suggest that CMs may be initially more carbonate rich than previously thought. This heterogeneity in aqueous alteration extent is likely due to a combination of microscale variability in permeability and water/rock ratio generating local microenvironments as has been established previously. Nevertheless, some of the disequilibrium mineral assemblages observed, such as hydrous minerals juxtaposed with surviving phases that are typically more fluid susceptible, can only be reconciled by multiple generations of alteration, disruption, and reaccretion of the CM parent body at the grain scale.
Modes of action and potential as a peptide‐based biofungicide of a plant defensin MtDef4
Authors: Li Hui , Kalunke Raviraj , Tetorya Meenakshi , Czymmek Kirk J. , Shah Dilip M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDue to rapidly emerging resistance to single‐site fungicides in fungal pathogens of plants, there is a burgeoning need for safe and multisite fungicides. Plant antifungal peptides with multisite modes of action (MoA) have potential as bioinspired fungicides. Medicago truncatula defensin MtDef4 was previously reported to exhibit potent antifungal activity against fungal pathogens. Its MoA involves plasma membrane disruption and binding to intracellular targets. However, specific biochemical processes inhibited by this defensin and causing cell death have not been determined. Here, we show that MtDef4 exhibited potent antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. It induced severe plasma membrane and organelle irregularities in the germlings of this pathogen. It bound to fungal ribosomes and inhibited protein translation in vitro. A MtDef4 variant lacking antifungal activity exhibited greatly reduced protein translation inhibitory activity. A cation‐tolerant MtDef4 variant was generated that bound to β‐glucan of the fungal cell wall with higher affinity than MtDef4. It also conferred a greater reduction in the grey mould disease symptoms than MtDef4 when applied exogenously on Nicotiana benthamiana plants, tomato fruits and rose petals. Our findings revealed inhibition of protein synthesis as a likely target of MtDef4 and the potential of its cation‐tolerant variant as a peptide‐based fungicide.
Using the Australian Dietary Guidelines 2&5 education message in supermarket shopping trolleys to nudge shoppers to purchase more fruit and vegetables: A feasibility study using an intervention design
Authors: McGrath Greg 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is associated with a reduced risk of developing chronic diseases; however, only one in 16 Australian adults consume F&Vs at the recommended two servings of fruit and five servings of vegetables per day. What and how much people eat is influenced by their social and physical environments. Supermarkets are a key setting influencing food purchases, and as such, they can shape consumption patterns of F&Vs. Implementing effective strategies to increase F&V intake is crucial. The objective of this research was to test the feasibility of modifying shopper purchasing behaviour to purchase more F&Vs using the Australian Dietary Guidelines 2&5 education message covering one‐half of the base of shopping trolleys. Placards giving the message that eating 2 fruits and 5 vegetables every day for good health were placed at the base of shopping trolleys as an educational nudge. Applying an intervention research design, 30 out of ~100 trolleys were fitted with the placards and shopper purchases were measured by collecting paper sales receipts to measure the weight (kg), total spending and F&V‐specific spending (Australian dollars) for intervention versus control trolleys for one Saturday. We also conducted a short intercept survey that was administered independently from the research study day on non‐trial shoppers. Shoppers who selected trolleys with the 2&5 education nudge placards (n = 101) purchased 1.66 kg less weight of F&Vs (Intervention: mean = 3.89 kg, SD = 3.40 kg, 95% CI = 3.21 kg, 4.56 kg, vs. Control: mean 5.55 kg, SD = 4.16 kg, 95% CI = 4.73 kg, 6.37 kg, p = 0.002) and spent less on F&Vs compared to shoppers in the control group (n = 102; Intervention: mean = $26.00, SD = $21.60, 95% CI = $21.78, $30.32 vs. Control: mean $36.00, SD = $27.00, 95% CI = $30.72, $42.36, p = 0.004). Intervention group shoppers also spent less in total spending between groups (Intervention: mean = $115.40, SD = $68.30, 95% CI = $101.95, $128.95 vs. Control: mean $151.30, SD = $79.40, 95% CI = $135.73, $166.93, p = 0.001). The 2&5 education nudge placard had the opposite effect as intended on shoppers' purchases to buy more F&Vs, although there may have been other differences between the intervention and the control groups since they were not randomised. Larger studies are required to elucidate and confirm these findings over the longer term.
Relationship between number of prior lumbar spine surgeries and outcomes following spinal cord stimulator implantation: A multisite, retrospective pooled analysis
Authors: Hagedorn Jonathan M. , D'Souza Ryan S. , Yadav Abhishek , George Tony K. , DeTemple Nathan , Ovrom Erik , Lam Christopher M. , Sayed Dawood , Hall Morgan , Stephenson Lauren , Rivera Zach , Hoelzer Bryan , Deer Timothy R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesLumbar spine surgery is a common procedure for treating disabling spine‐related pain. In recent decades, both the number and cost of spine surgeries have increased despite technological advances and modification in surgical technique. For those patients that have continued uncontrolled back and/or lower extremity pain following lumbar spine surgery, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has emerged as a viable treatment option. However, the impact of lumbar spine surgical history remains largely unstudied. Specifically, the current study considers the impact of number of prior lumbar spine surgeries on pain relief outcomes following SCS implantation.Materials and MethodsWe queried the electronic medical record of five separate pain practices for all patients who have undergone a SCS implant between January 1, 2017, and March 1, 2020. Inclusion criteria consisted of any patients with an SCS implant who underwent a prior lumbar spine surgery. The primary outcome was the mean calculated percentage pain relief in patients based on number of prior lumbar spine surgeries.ResultsThere was a total of 1974 total SCS implant cases identified across five separate pain clinics. There was no difference in mean calculated pain relief in patients with one prior spine surgery versus those with two or more prior spine surgeries (28.2% vs. 25.8%, adjusted β‐coefficient –3.1, 95% CI –8.9 to 2.7, p = 0.290). Similarly, when analyzing number of spine surgeries as a continuous variable, there was no association between number of spine surgeries and calculated pain relief (adjusted β‐coefficient –1.5, 95% CI –4.0 to 1.1, p = 0.257). Additionally, after patients were stratified based on waveform, there was no association between number of prior lumbar spine surgeries (analyzed both as a categorical and continuous variable) and calculated percentage pain relief.ConclusionsThis multicentered retrospective study found that there was no significant difference in pain scores in individuals who received SCS following one or more lumbar spine surgeries. Additionally, the waveform of the SCS device had no statistically significant impact on post‐operative pain scores following one or more lumbar spine surgeries.
The endophytic fungal community plays a crucial role in the resistance of host plants to necrotic bacterial pathogens
Authors: Yang Min , Gao Penghua , Guo Jianwei , Qi Ying , Li Lifang , Yang Shaowu , Zhao Yongteng , Liu Jiani , Yu Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractKonjac species (Amorphophallus spp.) are the only plant species in the world that are rich in a large amount of konjac glucomannan (KGM). These plants are widely cultivated as cash crops in tropical and subtropical countries in Asia, including China. Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) is one of the most destructive bacterial pathogens of konjac. Here, we analyzed the interactions between Pcc and susceptible and resistant konjac species from multiple perspectives. At the transcriptional and metabolic levels, the susceptible species A. konjac and resistant species A. muelleri exhibit similar molecular responses, activating plant hormone signaling pathways and metabolizing defense compounds such as phenylpropanoids and flavonoids to resist infection. Interestingly, we found that Pcc stress can lead to rapid recombination of endophytic microbial communities within a very short period (96 h). Under conditions of bacterial pathogen infection, the relative abundance of most bacterial communities in konjac tissue decreased sharply compared with that in healthy plants, while the relative abundance of some beneficial fungal communities increased significantly. The relative abundance of Cladosporium increased significantly in both kinds of infected konjac compared to that in healthy plants, and the relative abundance in resistant A. muelleri plants was greater than that in susceptible A. konjac plants. Among the isolated cultivable microorganisms, all three strains of Cladosporium strongly inhibited Pcc growth. Our results further elucidate the potential mechanism underlying konjac resistance to Pcc infection, highlighting the important role of endophytic microbial communities in resisting bacterial pathogen infections, especially the more direct role of fungal communities in inhibiting pathogen growth.
How much do conservation cropping practices mitigate runoff and soil erosion under Western European conditions: A focus on conservation tillage, tied ridging and winter cover crops
Authors: Clement Timothée , Bielders Charles L. , Degré Aurore 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConservation farming practices are known for their capacity to mitigate runoff and erosion, but the magnitude of their effectiveness is highly variable across studies. In order to better understand the contribution of environmental and management factors to their effectiveness, up to 37 studies reporting 271 individual trials were collated for a quantitative review regarding 3 common conservation agriculture‐related practices, at the plot scale and in a Western European context. Two different methods suitable for hierarchically structured data sets were used for the meta‐analyses—hierarchical nonparametric bootstrapping and linear random effects models—, yielding nearly identical average outcomes but differing in terms of confidence intervals. We found that, on average, winter cover crops reduce cumulative seasonal (autumn‐winter) runoff by 68% and soil losses by 72% compared with a bare soil. The occurrence and intensity of stubble tillage on the control plot is a key explanatory variable for the mitigation effect of winter cover crops. In potato crops, tied ridging reduces cumulative seasonal (spring–summer) runoff by a mean of 70% and soil erosion by 92%. Conservation (non‐inversion) tillage techniques alleviate cumulative seasonal overland flow by 27% and associated sediments losses by 66%, but strong evidence of publication bias was detected for this farming practice, probably leading to an overestimation of its effectiveness. These mitigation effects are shown to be much greater for spring crops than for winter crops, and to increase with time since ploughing was stopped. The type of conservation tillage scheme strongly affects the ability to attenuate surface flows. Intensive non‐inversion tillage systems relying on repeated use of (powered) tillage operations appear to be the least effective for reducing both water and sediment losses. The best performing scheme against runoff would be a deep (non‐inversion) tillage (−61%), while against erosion it would be a no‐till system (−82%). Although several explanatory factors were identified, there remains a high (unexplained) variability between trials effect sizes, thus not attributable to pure sampling variability. Meanwhile, this review provides farm advisors or policy makers with guidance on the contexts in which implementation of such conservation practices should be supported so as to maximize expected benefits.
Alternating rabacfosadine and doxorubicin for treatment of naïve canine lymphoma
Authors: Saba Corey F. , Fan Timothy M. , Phillips Brenda S. , Wright Zachary M. , Thamm Douglas H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe current standard of care treatment for canine lymphoma is a multi‐agent, CHOP‐based chemotherapy protocol. Single agent doxorubicin (DOX) is less burdensome; however, multi‐agent chemotherapy protocols are often superior. The recently approved drug rabacfosadine (RAB, Tanovea) provides an attractive option for combination therapy with DOX, as both drugs demonstrate efficacy against lymphoma and possess different mechanisms of action. A previous study evaluating alternating RAB/DOX reported an overall response rate (ORR) of 84%, with a median progression‐free survival time (PFS) of 194 days. The aim of this prospective trial was to evaluate the same protocol in an additional population of dogs. Fifty‐nine dogs with treatment naïve lymphoma were enrolled. RAB (1.0 mg/kg IV) was alternated with DOX (30 mg/m2 IV) every 21 days for up to six total treatments (3 cycles). Response assessment and adverse event (AE) evaluation were performed every 21 days using VCOG criteria. The ORR was 93% (79% CR, 14% PR). The median time to maximal response was 21.5 days; median PFS was 199 days. T cell immunophenotype and lack of treatment response were predictive of inferior outcomes. AEs were mostly gastrointestinal. Six dogs developed presumed or confirmed pulmonary fibrosis; four were grade 5. One dog experienced grade 3 extravasation injury with RAB that resolved with supportive treatment. These data mirror those of the previously reported RAB/DOX study, and support the finding that alternating RAB/DOX is a reasonable treatment option for canine lymphoma.
Structural Synthesis of Planar Kinematic Chains for Non-Redundant Parallel Manipulators
Authors: Vinícius Morlin Fernando , Piga Carboni Andrea , Martins Daniel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This work focuses on the synthesis of non-redundant planar kinematic chains applied to parallel manipulators, where the mobility of the kinematic chains is constrained by the planar workspace, allowing for kinematic chains with up to three degrees-of-freedom. The synthesis process consists of two stages. First, a graph generator enumerates non-isomorphic biconnected graphs representing planar kinematic chains with up to three degrees-of-freedom and seven loops. Subsequently, graphs associated to chains with rigid subchains are removed using a degeneracy identification method based on matroid theory. Concise results are presented for chains with up to five loops. For chains with six and seven loops, results are categorized based on link partitions for a direct comparison with previous results. These findings align with prior research, with minor variations in the reported chain numbers. These variations can be attributed to several factors, including graph generation, isomorphism testing, fractionation, and subchain identification. These factors are comprehensively discussed and examined.
Positioning Error Estimation Models for Horizontal-Distributed Prismatic–Universal–Universal Parallel Mechanism
Authors: Ke Jian-Dong , Wang Yu-Jen , Tsai Jhy-Cherng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, two models were proposed to estimate the positioning error of a 3-translational prismatic–universal–universal parallel kinematic mechanism. The two models were a kinematic error model (KEM) and a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model, respectively. The KEM was constructed by incorporating three translational joint errors into the ideal kinematic model to describe the errors that occur during machining or assembly. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was presented for each error parameter. The BPNN model was constructed to establish the relationship between the position of the end effector, the posture of each link, and the positioning error of the end effector using a neural network approach. Moreover, a hybrid method was proposed to decrease the final estimated residual error. The average errors of the KEM and BPNN models were 35% and 15% of the original error, respectively. The hybrid model reduced the final average error to less than 10% of its original value.
The Database Generation for Planar 2-DOF Fractionated Multiple-Joint Kinematic Chains
Authors: Huang Peng , Liu Tingting , Ding Huafeng , Zhao Yuqian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
According to the fractionation concept and whether containing a multiple-joint, planar kinematic chains (KCs) are primarily categorized as non-fractionated simple-joint kinematic chains (NFS-KCs), fractionated simple-joint kinematic chains (FS-KCs), non-fractionated multiple-joint kinematic chains (NFM-KCs), and fractionated multiple-joint kinematic chains (FM-KCs). Currently, there is a noticeable research gap on the enumeration of FM-KCs, whereas comprehensive investigations have been conducted on the enumeration of the other three types of KCs. Aiming at addressing this research gap, the present study develops a heuristic approach for enumerating all planar 2-DOF FM-KCs. To this end, the composition of 2-DOF FM-KCs is initially analyzed to acquire their two basic classifications. Then, utilizing the characteristic graph generation methods for NFM-KCs and NFS-KCs, the combined characteristic graph and its corresponding combined characteristic number string of a 2-DOF FM-KC are created for solving the isomorphic problem in enumeration procedure. Finally, all non-isomorphic 2-DOF FM-KCs with 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 links are enumerated, and the corresponding database is established.
A hard sphere model for single-file water transport across biological membranes
Authors: Manning Gerald S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We use Gürsey’s statistical mechanics of a one-dimensional fluid to find a formula for the $$P_\textrm{f}/P_\textrm{d}$$

P
f

/

P
d

ratio in the transport of hard spheres across a membrane through a narrow channel that can accommodate molecular movement only in single file. $$P_\textrm{f}$$

P
f

is the membrane permeability for osmotic flow and $$P_\textrm{d}$$

P
d

the permeability for exchange across the membrane in the absence of osmotic flow. The deviation of the ratio from unity indicates the degree of cooperative transport relative to ordinary diffusion of independent molecules. In contrast to an early idea that $$P_\textrm{f}/P_\textrm{d}$$

P
f

/

P
d

must be equal to the number of molecules in the channel, regardless of the physical nature of the interactions among the molecules, we find a functional dependence on the fractional occupancy of the length of the channel by the hard spheres. We also attempt a random walk calculation for $$P_\textrm{d}$$

P
d

individually, which gives a result for $$P_\textrm{f}$$

P
f

as well when combined with the ratio.

Graphical Abstract
The convection/diffusion ratio for hard spheres in single-file transport
Unlocking the Role of Age-Related Changes to Fibroblasts in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Isaacson Achinoam , Barki Debra , Scherz-Shouval Ruth 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer prevalence increases with age, and disease prognosis is poorer in older individuals. The increased prevalence is driven, undoubtedly, by the multistep accumulation of oncogenic mutations in cancer cells with age. However, fibroblasts are major constituents and key players in pancreatic cancer, and they too undergo age-related changes that may contribute to disease severity. In this issue of Cancer Research, Zabransky and colleagues set out to dissect the effect of age-related changes in pancreatic fibroblasts on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growth and metastasis. They discovered that aged fibroblasts secrete GDF-15, which in turn activates AKT signaling and accelerates tumor progression. These findings provide a mechanistic role for aged fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer, underpinning the importance of normal physiologic processes in tumor progression.
See related article by Zabransky et al., p. 1221
Pushing the Frontiers of Cancer Research: Highlights from the Frontiers in Cancer Science Conference 2023
Authors: Lee Yi Fei , Chen Leilei , Chew Valerie , Chow Edward Kai-Hua , Deng Lih-Wen , Hunziker Walter , Lee Ann Siew Gek , Leong Geraldine , Ngeow Joanne , Pervaiz Shazib , Sabapathy Kanaga , Skanderup Anders J. , Sundar Raghav , Tay Yvonne , Virshup David M. , Wong Sunny H. , Tergaonkar Vinay , Tam Wai Leong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The 15th annual Frontiers in Cancer Science (FCS) conference gathered scientific experts who shared the latest research converging upon several themes of cancer biology. These themes included the dysregulation of metabolism, cell death, and other signaling processes in cancer cells; using patient “omics” datasets and single-cell and spatial approaches to investigate heterogeneity, understand therapy resistance, and identify targets; innovative strategies for inhibiting tumors, including rational drug combinations and improved drug delivery mechanisms; and advances in models that can facilitate screening for cancer vulnerabilities and drug testing. We hope the insights from this meeting will stimulate further progress in the field.