bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐stage implant in sacral neuromodulation for faecal incontinence – short‐term outcome from a prospective study
Authors: Duelund‐Jakobsen Jakob , Buntzen Steen , Lundby Lilli , Laurberg Søren , Sørensen Michael , Rydningen Mona 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimSacral neuromodulation (SNM) is approved for the treatment of faecal incontinence (FI) in a two‐stage technique. With standardized implantation, approximately 90% of patients undergo successful Stage I operation and proceed to a permanent implant (Stage II). The aim of this work was to explore the feasibility of SNM as a one‐stage procedure and report the 24‐week efficacy.MethodThis study included patients diagnosed with idiopathic FI or FI due to an external anal sphincter defect ≤160° and one or more episodes of FI per week despite maximal conservative therapy. Patients were offered a one‐stage procedure if a motor response of the external anal sphincter was achieved in three or more poles with at least one at ≤1.5 mA at lead placement. Patients were followed for 24 weeks. Their evaluation included the Wexner/St Mark's Incontinence Score, Faecal Incontinence Quality of Life score (FIQoL), a visual analogue scale (VAS) for assessing patient satisfaction and a bowel habit diary.ResultsSeventy‐three patients with a median age of 60 years (interquartile range 50–69 years) completed this prospective study. Episodes of FI were significantly reduced at the 24‐week follow‐up, from 13 (8–23) at baseline to 2 (0–5) (p‐value = 0002). A ≥50% reduction in the number of FI episodes was achieved in 92% of participants. The Wexner score improved significantly from 16 (14–17) at baseline to 9 (5–13) (p‐value < 0.001), and the St Mark's score improved significantly from 18 (16–20) to 11 (7–16) (p‐value < 0.001). All domains in the FIQoL score and VAS for patient satisfaction improved significantly following the one‐stage procedure.ConclusionA one‐stage implantation procedure is feasible in selected patients with FI, significantly improving continence, quality of life and patient satisfaction after 24 weeks of follow‐up.
Board gender diversity, firm risk, and the intermediate mechanisms: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Maxfield Sylvia , Wang Liu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractResearch questionThe primary focus of this meta‐analysis is to synthesize previously discordant findings on the relationship between board gender diversity (BGD) and different types of firm risk and to explore potential moderating and mediating mechanisms underlying these relationships.Research findingsWe statistically combine the results from 193 studies and find a negative association between BGD and firm risk. Further investigation indicates that different measures of risk lead to systematically different effect sizes. Our meta‐analysis structural equation modeling (MASEM) analysis reveals that BGD's impact on risk operates primarily through the monitoring rather than advising function of the board. Regarding the moderating role of national institutions, we find that several aspects of the national institutional context (e.g., investor protection, gender equality, and national culture) influence the relationship between BGD and different types of risk.Theoretical implicationsOverall, our results suggest that agency theory has more explanatory power than resource dependence theory for understanding the association between BGD and risk, and women's board representation is more likely to reduce downside risk than upside risk. Our moderating effect analysis also highlights interesting avenues for further research on the interplay of BGD and different risks in national environments with varying institutional attributes.Practitioner/policy implicationsOur meta‐analysis offers important practical implications for corporate risk management, suggesting that BGD significantly mitigates downside risks associated with poor corporate transparency without stifling board support for corporate decisions shaping future growth potential. In an era of rising board vulnerability to litigation for insufficient transparency, this study contributes evidence supporting trends toward greater gender diversity.
David versus Goliath: Early career researchers in an unethical publishing system
Authors: Receveur Aurore , Bonfanti Jonathan , D'Agata Stephanie , Helmstetter Andrew J. , Moore Nikki A. , Oliveira Brunno F. , Petit‐Cailleux Cathleen , Rievrs Borges Erica , Schultz Marieke , Sexton Aaron N. , Veytia Devi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe publish‐or‐perish culture in academia has catalysed the development of an unethical publishing system. This system is characterised by the proliferation of journals and publishers—unaffiliated with learned societies or universities—that maintain extremely large revenues and profit margins diverting funds away from the academic community. Early career researchers (ECRs) are particularly vulnerable to the consequences of this publishing system because of intersecting factors, including pressure to pursue high impact publications, rising publication costs and job insecurity. Moving towards a more ethical system requires that scientists advocate for structural change by making career choices that come with risks, many of which disproportionately impact ECRs. We illuminate major issues facing ECRs in Ecology and Evolution under the current publishing system, and propose a portfolio of actions to promote systemic change that can be implemented by ECRs and established researchers.
AI unveiled personalities: Profiling optimistic and pessimistic attitudes in Hindi dataset using transformer‐based models
Authors: Jain Dipika , Kumar Akshi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBoth optimism and pessimism are intricately intertwined with an individual's inherent personality traits and people of all personality types can exhibit a wide range of attitudes and behaviours, including levels of optimism and pessimism. This paper undertakes a comprehensive analysis of optimistic and pessimistic tendencies present within Hindi textual data, employing transformer‐based models. The research represents a pioneering effort to define and establish an interaction between the personality and attitude chakras within the realm of human psychology. Introducing an innovative “Chakra” system to illustrate complex interrelationships within human psychology, this work aligns the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality traits with optimistic and pessimistic attitudes, enriching our understanding of emotional projection in text. The study employs meticulously fine‐tuned transformer models—specifically mBERT, XLM‐RoBERTa, IndicBERT, mDeBERTa and a novel stacked mDeBERTa—trained on the novel Hindi dataset ‘मनोभाव’ (pronounced as Manobhav). Remarkably, the proposed Stacked mDeBERTa model outperforms others, recording an accuracy of 0.7785 along with elevated precision, recall, and F1 score values. Notably, its ROC AUC score of 0.7226 underlines its robustness in distinguishing between positive and negative emotional attitudes. The comparative analysis highlights the superiority of the Stacked mDeBERTa model in effectively capturing emotional attitudes in Hindi text.
Challenges and opportunities of medicines for treating tendon inflammation and fibrosis: A comprehensive and mechanistic review
Authors: Najafi Zohreh , Rahmanian‐Devin Pouria , Baradaran Rahimi Vafa , Nokhodchi Ali , Askari Vahid Reza 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundTendinopathy refers to conditions characterized by collagen degeneration within tendon tissue, accompanied by the proliferation of capillaries and arteries, resulting in reduced mechanical function, pain, and swelling. While inflammation in tendinopathy can play a role in preventing infection, uncontrolled inflammation can hinder tissue regeneration and lead to fibrosis and impaired movement.ObjectivesThe inability to regulate inflammation poses a significant limitation in tendinopathy treatment. Therefore, an ideal treatment strategy should involve modulation of the inflammatory process while promoting tissue regeneration.MethodsThe current review article was prepared by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Several treatment approaches based on biomaterials have been developed.ResultsThis review examines various treatment methods utilizing small molecules, biological compounds, herbal medicine‐inspired approaches, immunotherapy, gene therapy, cell‐based therapy, tissue engineering, nanotechnology, and phototherapy.ConclusionThese treatments work through mechanisms of action involving signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB), all of which contribute to the repair of injured tendons.
Long‐term sorbitol consumption affects the hippocampus and alters cognitive function in aged mice
Authors: Yokoi Haruna , Wang Jingshu , Ikuyo Yoriko , Yamada Mitsuyoshi , Shikama Yosuke , Furukawa Masae , Matsushita Kenji 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe systemic effects of the artificial sweetener sorbitol on older adult individuals have not been elucidated. We assessed the effects of sorbitol consumption on cognitive and gingival health in a mouse model. Aged mice were fed 5% sorbitol for 3 months before their behavior was assessed, and brain and gingival tissues were collected. Long‐term sorbitol consumption inhibited gingival tissue aging in aged mice. However, it caused cognitive decline and decreased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. Sorbitol consumption did not affect homeostatic function; however, it may exert effects within the brain, particularly in the hippocampus.
Benefits of physical activity self‐monitoring in patients with haemophilia: a prospective study with one‐year follow‐up
Authors: Pérez‐Alenda Sofía , Carrasco Juan J. , Querol‐Fuentes Felipe , Megías‐Vericat Juan Eduardo , Querol‐Giner Felipe , Luz Sánchez‐Sánchez María , Bonanad Santiago , Núñez‐Cortés Rodrigo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionActivity wristbands have been shown to be effective in relation to self‐monitoring activity levels and increasing exercise adherence. However, previous reports have been based on short‐term follow‐ups in people with haemophilia (PWH).Aim(1) To evaluate compliance with physical activity (PA) recommendations in PWH during a 1‐year follow‐up period using activity wristbands to record daily steps and intensity; (2) To determine the effect of PA self‐monitoring on clinical outcomes.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted in 27 adults with severe haemophilia undergoing prophylactic treatment. The Fitbit Charge HR was used to track daily PA for an entire year. The participants were encouraged to try to reach a goal of 10,000 steps/day and to track their progress. The pre‐ and post‐evaluation included quality of life (A36 Hemophilia‐QoL Questionnaire), joint health (Haemophilia Joint Health Score), functionality (Timed Up and Go test), and muscle strength.ResultsA total of 323.63 (95%CI: 194–364) valid days (i.e., > 2000 steps) were recorded. The annual average number of steps per day taken by participants was 10,379. Sixteen (59%) PWH reached 10,000 steps/day at baseline and 17 (63%) at 1 year follow‐up, with no significant differences (x2 = .33; p = .56). A statistically significant improvement was observed in daily moderate activity time (p = .012) and in the ‘physical health’ quality of life subscale (mean difference: 2.15 points; 95%CI: .64‐3.65; p = .007).ConclusionOur results suggest that patients with severe haemophilia who self‐managed their PA can improve their long‐term quality of life in the domain of physical health and also the daily time spent in moderate‐intensity PA.
Facilitating knowledge transfer to policy makers and front‐line workers during a pandemic: Implementation, impact and lessons learned
Authors: Pearce‐Smith Nicola , Farrow Emma , Robinson James , Mahon Blathnaid , McGillycuddy Cat , Savage Kester 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundStakeholders working on the COVID‐19 pandemic response needed access to evidence, requiring a systematic approach to identify and disseminate relevant research.ObjectivesOutline the stages of development of a COVID‐19 Literature Digest; demonstrate the impact the Digest had on decision‐making and knowledge gain; identify the lessons learned.MethodsA standardised process was developed to identify and select papers. The main sources for content were PubMed, bioRxiv and medRxiv. A shared EndNote library was used to deduplicate and organise papers. Three user surveys obtained feedback from subscribers to determine if the Digest remained valuable, and explore the benefits to individuals.Results40–60 papers were summarised each week. 211 Digests were produced from March 2020 to March 2022, with around 10,000 papers included altogether. Survey results suggest benefits of the Digest were gaining new knowledge, saving time and contributing to evidence‐based decision making.DiscussionDigest procedures constantly evolved and were adapted in response to survey feedback. Lessons identified: learn from failure, communication is key, measure your impact, work collaboratively, reflect and be flexible.ConclusionThe Digest was successfully produced within the limits of available resource. The learning from this Digest will inform evidence monitoring, selection and dissemination for future health crises.
Influence of dental bleaching on the pulp tissue: A systematic review of in vivo studies
Authors: Donato Mariana Viana , dos Reis‐Prado Alexandre Henrique , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , de Arantes Lara Cancella , Goto Juliana , Chaves Hebertt Gonzaga dos Santos , Cintra Luciano Tavares Angelo , Briso André Luiz Fraga , Peixoto Isabella Faria da Cunha , Benetti Francine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough several studies indicate the harmful effects of bleaching on pulp tissue, the demand for this procedure using high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP) is high.ObjectivesTo investigate the influence of bleaching on the pulp tissue.MethodsElectronic searches were conducted (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library and grey literature) until February 2021. Only in vivo studies that evaluated the effects of HP and/or carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching gels on the inflammatory response in the pulp tissue compared with a non‐bleached group were included. Risk of bias was performed according to a modified Methodological Index for Non‐Randomized Studies scale for human studies and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's RoB tool for animal studies. Meta‐analysis was unfeasible.ResultsOf the 1311 studies, 30 were eligible. Of these, 18 studies evaluated the inflammatory response in animal models. All these studies reported a moderate‐to‐strong inflammatory response in the superficial regions of pulp, characterized by cell disorganization and necrotic areas, particularly during the initial periods following exposure to 35%–38% HP, for 30–40 min. In the evaluation of human teeth across 11 studies, seven investigated inflammatory responses, with five observing significant inflammation in the pulp of bleached teeth. In terms of tertiary dentine deposition, 11 out of 12 studies noted its occurrence after bleaching with 35%–38% HP in long‐term assessments. Additionally, three studies reported significant levels of osteocalcin/osteopontin at 2 or 10 days post‐treatment. Other studies indicated an increase in pro‐inflammatory cytokines ranging from immediately up to 10 days after bleaching. Studies using humans' teeth had a low risk of bias, whereas animal studies had a high risk of bias.DiscussionDespite the heterogeneity in bleaching protocols among studies, High‐concentrations of HP shows the potential to induce significant pulp damage.ConclusionsHigh‐concentrations of bleaching gel increases inflammatory response and necrosis in the pulp tissue at short periods after bleaching, mainly in rat molars and in human incisors, in addition to greater hard tissue deposition over time. However, further well‐described histological studies with long‐term follow‐up are encouraged due to the methodological limitations of these studies.RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42021230937).
University students’ metaphors for Canadian multiculturalism: Diverse perceptions
Authors: Shakoury Kayvan , Boers Frank 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the beliefs of university students at a university in Canada regarding multiculturalism and multicultural society, through examining the metaphors they use to talk about these concepts. We interviewed 50 students about their perceptions and experiences of multiculturalism in Canada and then asked them to explain their choice of metaphors. Many of the metaphors could be grouped under more general metaphor themes, such as a multicultural society is a varied multicomponent piece of art/craft (comprising, e.g., mosaic and tapestry metaphors) and multicultural society is a container to mix things (comprising, e.g., melting pot and salad bowl metaphors). According to the literature, the former theme is compatible with the view that multiculturalism involves integration while preserving diversity, whereas the latter is associated with the notion of assimilation. Canadian students appeared to be more inclined than international students to use the (positive) varied multicomponent piece of art/craft theme relative to the other metaphors in the total data set. The interview data also revealed marked differences among participants as regards their awareness of metaphor but prompting them to reflect on their choice of metaphors often had an awareness‐raising effect.
Organizational change towards the circular economy: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Graessler Sophie , Guenter Hannes , de Jong Simon B. , Henning Klaus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractScholars have long studied how organizations can transition towards greater sustainability, but it is only recently that they have begun to investigate a fundamentally new stream in sustainability thinking: the circular economy paradigm. Instead of the ‘make‐use‐dispose’ approach of a linear economy, a circular economy aims at eliminating waste and avoiding damage to the environment by closing resource loops. Given the recent surge of scholarly interest in the ways in which organizations can change towards working in a more circular way, it is important and timely to verify what scholars have learnt, what remains contested, and what should be done next. To this end, we are reviewing literature on the emerging field of ‘Organizational Change towards a Circular Economy’ (OCCE). We identify and analyse research that sits at the interface of organizational change theory and the circular economy paradigm and provide a systematic literature review. Our review reveals consensus, ambiguities, and differences in the OCCE literature along three main dimensions of organizational change (i.e., content, process, and context). Furthermore, we develop a novel and encompassing conceptualization of OCCE as well as outline future research opportunities. Overall, our study brings together the growing but fragmented body of OCCE research and outlines scientific and practical avenues for making progress in a more unified and systematic way.
Effectiveness of the knowledge, attitude, practice intervention model in the management of hypertension in the elderly
Authors: Xu Li‐Shuang , Gao Zhi‐Guang , He Mei , Yang Ming‐Da 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study illustrated the effectiveness of the knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) intervention model for community hypertension in the elderly by the community physician‐led, describing the study design and baseline data. The aim of the study was to compare the changes in the elderly hypertensive population before and after the KAP intervention model by managing the elderly hypertensive patients for a period of 1 year. Basic information and risk factors affecting blood pressure control based on baseline data of recruited elderly hypertensive patients. The management approach consists of two parts: (1) the unified management of the community physician to whom the patient belongs; and (2) the management of the contracted patient by the community physician. The aim was to demonstrate the anti‐hypertensive effectiveness (control rate, blood pressure reduction, and pulse pressure), the distribution of blood pressure types, and the change of the KAP in elderly hypertensive patients before and after the intervention. The KAP intervention model was administered to 2660 elderly hypertensive patients in a 1‐year period. The blood pressure control rate improved by 54.03%. Mean values of overall systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 16.00 and 5.31 mmHg, respectively. The proportion of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and systolic‐diastolic hypertension (SDH) decreased by 29.14% and 24.81%, respectively. The KAP compliance improved significantly. These results suggest that the community physician‐led KAP intervention model is effective in the management of hypertension in the elderly.
Mechanisms and durations of metamorphic garnet crystallization in the lower nappes of the Caledonian Kalak Nappe Complex, Arctic Norway
Authors: Yogi Maria Thereza A. G. , Gaidies Fred , Heldwein Olivier K. A. , Rice A. Hugh N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe 3D microstructure and compositional zoning of garnet populations in micaschists from the Kolvik and Bekkarfjord nappes indicate the quasi‐equilibration of their major components across the rock matrices during interface‐controlled, size‐independent garnet growth. There is microstructural evidence for foliation‐parallel, small‐scale resorption of garnet rims in the Kolvik Nappe, influencing the metamorphic peak conditions obtained from thermodynamic modelling. The local chemical compositions of rims less affected by resorption indicate a peak temperature of ~630°C, which is ~40°C higher than the temperature obtained from resorbed rims of the largest garnet crystal. Using a diffusion geospeedometry approach that considers the geometry of the compositional zoning of the garnet population, as well as the higher, more realistic peak temperature, a duration of 1 to 4.9 Myr is obtained for garnet growth in the Kolvik Nappe. This is approximately 1 order of magnitude faster than duration estimates obtained when using the apparent, lower temperature estimated from the resorbed garnet rims. Concomitantly to garnet growth in the Kolvik Nappe, garnet overgrowths formed in the Bekkarfjord Nappe for circa 2.5 Myr at metamorphic peak temperatures of ~560°C. The garnet growth durations obtained here are comparable with the uncertainty on the Lu–Hf garnet–whole rock isochron ages of 419.9 ± 2.4 Ma and 423.0 ± 1.9 Ma, previously obtained for these rocks. These results provide new insight into the timescales of repeated Barrovian‐type metamorphic events experienced by the lower nappes of the Kalak Nappe Complex during the Caledonian Orogeny in Arctic Norway. This study emphasizes the importance of microstructural and chemical characterization of garnet populations in assessing metamorphic crystallization mechanisms and the extent of equilibration of garnet‐forming components during prograde metamorphism. Moreover, our results provide means for reducing the uncertainty on metamorphic durations obtained via diffusion geospeedometry and, so, contributing to our understanding of geological timescales and processes.