bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trust in the news on television
Authors: Gunter Barrie 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTelevision has long been cited by viewers as their primary and most trusted source of news, especially in relation to news of national and international affairs. Aims to explore the issue of trust in the television news.Design/methodology/approachThe paper combines narrative and analysis. Questions whether public trust in the BBC was damaged by the Hutton inquiry: would the BBC's reputation as the nation's premier news service be tarnished in the longer‐term and had public trust in journalism been severely compromised.FindingsEvents that followed the transmission of a report about the veracity of the government's case for going to war carried by a BBC radio news broadcast on 29 May 2003 called into question the Corporation's competence as a reliable news provider. The story alleged that an informed source had told BBC correspondent Andrew Gilligan that the government had exaggerated the immediacy of dangers posed to the west by Saddam Hussein's weapons of mass destruction. The source who was eventually exposed was a Ministry of Defence expert on Iraq, Dr David Kelly, who later killed himself. The Prime Minister ordered a public inquiry into Dr Kelly's death, led by Lord Hutton, who severely criticised the competence of the BBC's senior management and the quality of its journalism practices. These conclusions prompted the resignation of the Corporation's Chairman and Director General. Hutton's findings had wider implications for the future governance of the BBC and invoked far‐reaching questions about the trust that the public could place in journalism. The evidence indicates that while the public felt that the BBC had been culpable for failing to launch its own internal inquiry into the Gilligan report, the public perceived this incident as a one‐off aberration rather than as being symptomatic of some wider malaise. Indeed, the Hutton inquiry had impacted more upon public trust in the government and led people to question the independence of the Hutton inquiry.Practical implicationsWhile trust in journalists is far from universal, the public differentiate among journalists in terms of the news organisations they work for. Among these, the BBC remains one of the most widely trusted.Originality/valueAn exploration of the issue of trust in the television news following the Dr David Kelly/Andrew Gilligan report on “The Today Programme” and subsequent Hutton enquiry.
Web hyperlink profiles of news sites
Authors: Gao Yijun , Vaughan Liwen 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo construct web visibility profiles of news web sites by examining hyperlinks pointing to the sites.Design/methodology/approachNational newspapers from USA (USA Today), Canada (The Globe and Mail), China (People's Daily) as well as Hong Kong (Sing Tao Daily) were selected for the study. A total of 1,859 links pointing to the four news sites were manually classified into the four aspects of language, country, types of sites, and reasons or purposes for linking.FindingsA comparison of the four news sites provided useful information on their web visibility. The Globe and Mail seemed to have a larger international reach than USA Today. Neither newspaper web site attracted links from China or from pages in the Chinese language. Outside China, People's Daily, an official Chinese Government newspaper, is not as visible as Hong Kong based Sing Tao Daily. USA Today and The Globe and Mail were used more for news citing or reprinting purposes while People's Daily seemed to be used more as a research resource.Research limitations/implicationsLink analysis like this provides us with only an indirect view of the online readership and the methodology has limitations. Not all readers create links to the newspaper sites that they visit. Readers could be led to a news site through other venues including “social bookmarking” services.Practical implicationsThe study shows that link analysis is a novel and useful method that journalists and information professionals can use to gauge online readership and potential impact of news sites.Originality/valuePresented a novel method that complements but not replaces other web user studies such as web server log analysis.
An information dynamic: technologies for the reproduction of written utterances
Authors: Warner Julian 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to reveal an information dynamic in which technology or dead labour is substituted for living mental labour.Design/methodology/approachA comparative historical review of technologies for reproducing written utterances and their relation to living labour.FindingsA dynamic for mental labour, similar to that for physical labour, is isolated.Research limitations/implicationsThe productivity paradox, a central concern of the information systems literature, is dissolved.Originality/valueThe paper is relevant to both information science and information systems. Understanding an information dynamic can enable intervention in that dynamic.
The mismanagement of knowledge management
Authors: Lam Wing , Chua Alton 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo examine the causes of knowledge management (KM) failure.Design/methodology/approachA multi‐case analysis approach was used to review five documented cases of KM failure in the literature. Categories of risk were identified through an iterative analysis of each case.FindingsThere are four main categories of risk associated with KM failure, namely technology risk, culture risk, content risk and project management risk. The nature of these risks differs dependent upon the stage of a KM project.Research limitations/implicationsA limited number of cases were reviewed.Practical implicationsPractitioners need to proactively manage risk to avoid failure in KM projects.Originality/valueProposes a taxonomy of KM risk.
Parallel methods for the generation of partitioned inverted files
Authors: MacFarlane A. , McCann J.A. , Robertson S.E. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe generation of inverted indexes is one of the most computationally intensive activities for information retrieval systems: indexing large multi‐gigabyte text databases can take many hours or even days to complete. We examine the generation of partitioned inverted files in order to speed up the process of indexing. Two types of index partitions are investigated: TermId and DocId.Design/methodology/approachWe use standard measures used in parallel computing such as speedup and efficiency to examine the computing results and also the space costs of our trial indexing experiments.FindingsThe results from runs on both partitioning methods are compared and contrasted, concluding that DocId is the more efficient method.Practical implicationsThe practical implications are that the DocId partitioning method would in most circumstances be used for distributing inverted file data in a parallel computer, particularly if indexing speed is the primary consideration.Originality/valueThe paper is of value to database administrators who manage large‐scale text collections, and who need to use parallel computing to implement their text retrieval services.
Creative information seeking Part I: a conceptual framework
Authors: Lee Shu‐Shing , Theng Yin‐Leng , Hoe‐Lian Goh Dion 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper proposes a conceptual framework for creative information seeking drawing upon Weisberg's argument that creativity exists in everyone, and mapping the creative process described in the holistic model of creativity to the information seeking activities identified in the behavioural model of information seeking.Design/methodology/approachUsing scenarios of information seeking behaviour, mappings between the creative process and information seeking activities were refined and six stages for creative information seeking were proposed. Scenarios were also used to provide theoretical justifications for stages in creative information seeking.FindingsEvidence gathered from the scenarios seemed to indicate that the type of information seeking task may have an impact on the extent to which an information seeker exhibits all stages in the framework. This is on‐going research. Part II of this paper aims to conduct empirical studies and gather evidence to verify the framework and examine this observation in more detail.Originality/valueProposes a framework for creative information seeking.
Information literacy for the information profession: experiences from Aberystwyth
Authors: Foster A.E. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on the rationale and key learning processes for students of librarianship and information studies (LIS) at the Department of Information Studies, University of Wales Aberystwyth. Its purpose is to raise awareness of the ways in which professional training can incorporate research, and ultimately inform professional practice, and to describe the way in which recent research can be used to shape the curriculum.Design/methodology/approachA literature review, identification of key principles for curriculum development, and discussion of processes is provided. Key learning outcomes for the course are put forward and the approach taken to them described.FindingsThe description and discussion offered outline key questions for the development of courses aimed at future professionals.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper describes the approach taken to address the needs of professional practice in one course, and from one perspective.Originality/valueThis is one of few papers that describe the rationale of LIS courses for information literacy. Elsewhere the focus of papers is on teaching information literacy to non‐LIS audiences.
Social capital, government policy and public value: implications for archive service delivery
Authors: Horton Sarah 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review how the role of the local authority archive service in the UK has developed, and the implications of the requirement for public sector bodies to demonstrate value in relation to concepts such as social capital, for the way in which services are promoted, evaluated and delivered.Design/methodology/approachA range of literature (1919‐2006) is synthesized to provide a perspective on archive service development, theories of social capital and public value, and government policy, as a means of identifying the implications of current government agendas for archive service delivery. The findings are presented in sections addressing: the context of archive service provision; social capital and government policy; the role of the archive service in meeting government agendas; and the need for services to demonstrate public value.FindingsProvides information about the context of archive service provision, and how services have responded to government agendas within an operational environment which has seen a renewed emphasis on the archive domain within government policy and in terms of structural development since 1997. Considers the applicability of thinking on social capital and public value to service provision. Recognises the implications of the low profile of the archive domain to the capacity of services to demonstrate public value in these terms.Research limitations/implicationsCommentary focuses on the local authority context of archive service provision, within England and Wales.Originality/valueBrings together information from different sources in making explicit the need for archive services, as with libraries and museums, to respond to government priorities.
Customers, relationships and libraries: University of Malta – a case study
Authors: Broady‐Preston Judith , Felice Joanna 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to analyse the results of a survey conducted in 2003/2004 with regard to the relationship between the University of Malta Library and its customers. Changes to service delivery subsequent to the survey are outlined.Design/methodology/approachResults from a series of focus groups, held with library staff and customers were analysed and are discussed in the paper.FindingsLibrary customers were bypassing the library services and seeking information elsewhere. Demands for the product were greater than the availability of existing information resources to meet such demand. Consequently new systems were required, together with training for staff and customers in their use, in order to improve the relationship between information providers and users. There was anecdotal evidence of improvements in service subsequent to the survey, and of better relationships developing between library staff and their customers.Research limitations/implicationsA follow‐up study to test reactions to changes outlined is desirable.Practical implicationsThis study showed that involving customers in service design and delivery can have positive benefits in terms of improving the perception of the library service amongst its customer base.Originality/valueShows the practical value of adopting a customer relationship management strategy in university libraries.
A novel usage of neural network in optimization and implementation to the internal flow systems
Authors: Hacioğlu Abdurrahman 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo propose a robust and more effective algorithm for aerodynamic design optimization problem by using neural network.Design/methodology/approachNeural network and genetic algorithm (GA) are hybridized in a new way, and quasi one‐dimensional Euler equations are solved for internal flow in the nozzle.FindingsThe results indicate that the nozzle design can be performed successfully and quickly by using the implemented algorithm. It is observed that using the method decreased CFD solver calls about 21 and 46 per cent for transonic and supersonic flow, respectively.Originality/valueIt is the first time that the neural network is used for the candidate solution in the GA.
A study of turbomachinery components machining and repairing methodologies
Authors: Yilmaz Oguzhan , Noble Dominic , Gindy Nabil N.Z. , Gao Jian 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper discusses research on machining and repairing of turbomachinery components which are generally complex geometries and made up of difficult to machine materials (nickel super alloys or titanium alloys).Design/methodology/approachThe approaches, methods and methodologies used for machining and repairing of blades are reviewed as well as the comparisons between them are made.FindingsParticularly, the most recent blade machining and repair techniques using high flexible machine tools and industrial robots, are mentioned.Practical implicationsThe limitation of the approaches, methods and methodologies are given and supported by real practical application examples.Originality/valueThis paper presents a state of the art review of research in machining and repairing of turbomachinery components, which have been mainly done in the last decade. The paper act as a reference, gathering the works about turbomachinery components from a manufacturing point of view.
Molecular dynamics simulation on the out‐of plane thermal conductivity of single‐crystal silicon thin films
Authors: Wu Guoqiang , Sun Zhaowei , Kong Xianren , Zhao Dan 
Published: January 2007

PurposeCombining the characteristic of satellite “minisize nucleus” non‐equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) method is used. We select corresponding Tersoff potential energy function to build model and, respectively, simulate thermal conductivities of silicon nanometer thin film.Design/methodology/approachNEMD method is used, and the corresponding Tersoff potential energy function is used to build model.FindingsThe thermal conductivities of silicon nanometer thin film are markedly below the corresponding thermal conductivities of their crystals under identical temperature. The thermal conductivities are rising with the increase of thickness of thin film; what's more, the conductivities have a linear approximation with thickness of the thin film.Research limitations/implicationsIt is difficult to do physics experiment.Practical implicationsThe findings have some theory guidance to analyze satellite thermal control.Originality/valueThe calculation results of thermal conductivities specify distinct size effect. The normal direction thick film thermal conductivity of silicon crystal declines with the increasing temperature. The thermal conductivities are rising with the increase of thickness of thin film; what's more, the conductivities have a linear approximation with thickness of the thin film.
Superposition of flight loads for a probabilistic damage tolerance design for an acrobatic aircraft
Authors: Eduardo Salamanca H. , Luis Quiroz L. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo present a method of interaction between flight loads that is applied to a probabilistic damage tolerance analysis in an acrobatic aircraft.Design/methodology/approachThe uncertainties concerning material strength, initial crack size and loads in the aircraft are considered. We place special emphasis on stress distribution, using superposition criteria that distinguish between gust, maneuver and ground‐air‐ground loads. Gust load is generated form its power spectral density and modified using service load data (exceedance curves). Crack initiation time and propagation time are considered in calculating the service time.FindingsA new and realistic method of interaction between loads during acrobatic flight is proposed. This method was compared with other methods in an example. The effects of the interaction criteria are related to the influence between loads (stress levels and frequency).Originality/valueIn commercial aircraft, maneuver loads have a lower influence than gust loads, and the mission concept is the correct approach. Training aircraft have the opposite king of behavior and the proposed superposition method is shown to be better approach. This method would have more pronounced effects in aircraft types with behaviors between commercial and training (for example, amphibious aircraft).
Free vibration analysis of delaminated composite pretwisted shells
Authors: Karmakar Amit , Roy Haraprasad , Kishimoto Kikuo 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo investigate the effects of delamination on free vibration characteristics of graphite‐epoxy composite pretwisted cylindrical shallow shells of various stacking sequences considering length of delamination as a parameter.Design/methodology/approachA multipoint constraint algorithm which leads to unsymmetric elastic stiffness matrix is incorporated into an eight noded isoparametric plate bending finite element to satisfy the compatibility of deformation and equilibrium of resultant forces and moments at the delamination crack front. The study is focused upon long, intermediate and short cylindrical shells as defined by Aas‐Jakobsen's parameters and considers symmetric and unsymmetric composite laminates.FindingsThe non‐dimensional fundamental natural frequencies are obtained for angle ply (45/−45/45, 45/−45) and cross ply (0/90/0, 0/90) configurations corresponding to different crack lengths and twist angles. The study implies the importance of the symmetric laminate as well as the long shell.Research limitations/implicationsThe standard eigenvalue computations using QR iteration algorithm for the present analyses take enormous time and hence, an efficient eigen‐solver needs to be employed.Practical implicationsNew vibration modes are exhibited by the delaminated composite structures. The existence of invisible interlaminar cracking can be identified with the help of prior knowledge of natural frequencies for a delaminated composite pretwisted shell which can be idealized as a turbine blade with low aspect ratio.Originality/valueThis paper presents a numerical approach for natural frequency determination of composite pretwisted shallow shells having delamination without taking care of the effect of dynamic contact between delaminated layers. The non‐dimensional frequencies obtained could serve as reference solutions for future investigators.
Relative dynamics and initialization condition of spacecraft formations in eccentric orbits
Authors: Fang Ru , Zhang Shijie , Cao Xibin 
Published: January 2007

PurposeHill equations have definite limitation in the design of multiple spacecraft formation flying in eccentric orbits. To solve the problem, the design method of spacecraft formation flying in a circular reference orbit based on Hill equation can be generalized and applied to spacecraft formation flying in eccentric orbits.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, T‐H equation is expressed as the explicit function form of reference orbit true anomaly, and the state transition matrix of relative motion of spacecraft formation flying in eccentric orbits is derived. According to the requirement that relative dynamics equation of spacecraft formation flying in eccentric orbits has periodicity solution, the paper theoretically gives the initial condition needed by the long‐term close‐distance spacecraft formation flying including the relationship between relative position and relative velocity. Without perturbation the spacecraft formation, which satisfies the initial periodicity restriction, can keep long‐term close‐distance flying without the need of active control.FindingsBased on the theoretical analysis, some numerical simulations are carried out. The results demonstrate that each spacecraft in eccentric orbits can run in a periodic motion surrounding the center spacecraft under some conditions. And spacecraft formation reconfiguration is implementing according to missions.Originality/valueCombined with the periodicity restriction primary condition a new method about spacecraft formation reconfiguration is put forward. The method given by this paper can be applied to eccentric orbits of arbitrary eccentricity, and provides theoretical reference for orbit design of spacecraft formation flying in eccentric orbits.
Inverse design problem for optimizing cascades
Authors: Wu Zhao‐Chun 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo optimize the shape of a cascade where velocity (or pressure) distribution is optimally given.Design/methodology/approachThe semi‐inverse method suggested by Ji‐Huan He is applied to establishment of a variational theory for the discussed inverse problem. The boundary conditions on unknown shape are converted into the natural boundary conditions of the obtained variational functional.FindingsJi‐Huan He's semi‐inverse method is a powerful tool to the search for the variational formulation for the discussed problem. The derivation procedure is very simple and convenient; the finite element method based on the variational theory with moving boundary provides a very effective and robust numerical approach to the inverse problem.Research limitations/implicationsThe design method is limited to frictionless flow.Practical implicationsThe numerical method based on variational principle with moving boundary can be readily extended to other cases with moving surfaces or free boundaries.Originality/valueThe suggested numerical method can satisfy the demand of various cascade designs, where the velocity (or pressure) distribution can be optimally given from different aspects of engineering requirement: aerodynamics, strength, manufacture, etc.