bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asthma management in primary care: does increasing patient medication improve symptoms?
Authors: Rimington Lesley D. , Pearson Michael G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAims:  We set out to observe the General Practitioner (GP) management of a cohort of asthma patients over a 2‐year period by comparing asthma health status, spirometry, British Thoracic Society treatment step, inhaled medication uptake and psychological status. Changes in these parameters were assessed over the 2‐year period.Methods:  One hundred fourteen subjects were recruited from four GP practices, two in the inner city and two in suburbia. Subjects were assessed at baseline and at 2 years using the Juniper asthma quality of life questionnaire, the locally devised Q score (a simple patient‐focused morbidity index) and the hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scale. Spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity and peak expiratory flow) was recorded using a Micro Medical portable spirometer (Micro Medical Ltd, Chatham, UK); the best values from three acceptable attempts were recorded.Results:  Data for 90 subjects reviewed at baseline and at 24 months were compared to the original cohort of 114 subjects. Patients who had the treatment increased showed no apparent benefit over 2 years. They had similar physiology and symptom scores at baseline but had higher HAD scores (particularly depression element P < 0.05) initially. The picture remained constant over the 2 years.Conclusion:  Asthma guidelines define the aim of treatment to minimise or abolish symptoms. We suggest that if the symptoms are not measured, they remain unrecognised. This is something that could and should be incorporated routinely into clinical practice because this is morbidity that is largely treatable.Please cite this paper as: Rimington LD and Pearson MG. Asthma management in primary care: does increasing patient medication improve symptoms? The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2008; 2: 92–97.
Clonal relationship between Hashimoto thyroiditis and thyroid lymphoma
Authors: Moshynska O V , Saxena A 
Published: November 2007

Background:Although Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is a predisposing factor for B-lineage thyroid lymphoma, clonal B-cell populations in HT are rare.Aim:To investigate whether there is a clonal relationship between HT and primary thyroid lymphoma.Methods:Clonalilty and sequence similarity was determined by PCR followed by sequencing and comparing immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement sequences to germline sequences and to each other.Results:12/20 patients with primary thyroid lymphoma had a previous history and histological diagnosis of HT. Clonal IgH bands associated with a polyclonal background were present in four of these 12 cases of HT; of these four, three had reproducible clonal IgH bands from the subsequently developed lymphoma. The range of similarity (homology) of multiple clonal bands in HT with the germline IgH varied from 90% to 96.3%. Multiple clonal bands in HT had sequence similarity (homology) of 62–100% with the clonal band in the lymphoma from the same patient. At least one clonal band in HT had more than 96% similarity (homology) with the clonal band of lymphoma in all three cases.Conclusion:Sequence similarity between the clonal bands in HT and subsequently developed thyroid lymphoma is supportive of the argument that primary thyroid lymphoma may evolve from HT.
Characteristics and frequency of detection of fecalListeria monocytogenesshed by livestock, wildlife, and humans
Authors: Lyautey Emilie , Hartmann Alain , Pagotto Franco , Tyler Kevin , Lapen David R. , Wilkes Graham , Piveteau Pascal , Rieu Aurélie , Robertson William J. , Medeiros Diane T. , Edge Thomas A. , Gannon Victor , Topp Edward 
Published: November 2007

Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen that can be carried asymptomatically in various animals and can be shed in feces. We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of L. monocytogenes isolated from livestock, wildlife, and human potential sources of contamination in 2 areas in Ontario, Canada. From February 2003 to November 2005, a total of 268 fecal samples were collected from different animals. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated using selective enrichment, isolation, and confirmation procedures, and 15 samples (6%) yielded to the isolation of 84 confirmed strains. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from livestock (beef and dairy), wildlife (deer, moose, otter, and raccoon), and human (biosolids and septic) fecal sources. Thirty-two isolates were from serovar 1/2a, 34 from serovar 1/2b, 1 from serovar 3a, and 17 from serovar 4b. Listeria monocytogenes populations were resolved into 13 EcoRI ribotypes, and 18 ApaI and 18 AscI pulsotypes, with Simpson indexes of discrimination of 0.878 and 0.907, respectively. A majority (59%) of L. monocytogenes isolates exhibited potential virulence linked to the production of a functional internalin A, which was supported by higher entry into Caco-2 cells (9.3%) than isolates producing truncated and secreted internalin A (1.3% of entry). Listeria monocytogenes fecal isolates were on average resistant to 6.4 ± 2.5 antibiotics out of 17 tested, and potentially virulent isolates exhibited an enhanced resistance to kanamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and rifampicin. Livestock, wildlife, and human L. monocytogenes fecal communities exhibited overlapping but distinct populations, and some genotypes and phenotypes were similar to those previously described for surface water isolates in the same area.
Molecular bacterial diversity and bioburden of commercial airliner cabin air
Authors: La Duc Myron T. , Stuecker Tara , Venkateswaran Kasthuri 
Published: November 2007

Culture-independent, biomarker-targeted bacterial enumeration and identification strategies were employed to estimate total bacterial burden and diversity within the cabin air of commercial airliners. Samples from each of 4 flights on 2 commercial carriers were collected via air-impingement. The total viable microbial population ranged from below detection limits to 4.1 × 106cells/m3of air, as assessed by the ATP assay. A gradual accumulation of microbes was observed from the time of passenger boarding through mid-flight, followed by a sharp decline in bacterial abundance and viability from the initiation of descent through landing. Representatives of the α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria, as well as Gram-positive bacteria, were isolated in varying abundance. Neisseria meningitidis rRNA gene sequences were retrieved in great abundance from Airline A followed by Streptococcus oralis/mitis sequences. Pseudomonas synxantha sequences dominated Airline B clone libraries, followed by those of N. meningitidis and S. oralis/mitis. The cabin air samples examined herein housed low bacterial diversity and were often dominated by a particular subset of bacteria: opportunistic pathogenic inhabitants of the human respiratory tract and oral cavity.
Introduction
Authors: Vardanega Tullio , Ruiz Josée F. 
Published: November 2007

This session focused on discussing open issues that arose from consideration of the real-time part of the Ada 2005 LRM. Three issues were table for the workshop to discuss. Accordingly, the goals of the session were to:
• Agree on proposed correction to EDF semantics
• Agree on resolution to requeue problem
• Review Ravenscar extensions for 2005 and consider extensions for distributed systems
Introduction
Authors: Harbour Michael González , Gutiérrez J. Javier 
Published: November 2007

The chairman introduced the session pointing out its main goals, which were to:
• discuss different visions of architectural frameworks and coding patterns with Ada 2005
• and formulate proposals and roadmaps to facilitate adoption or secondary standards.
Afterwards, the three papers [1][2][3] included in this session were briefly introduced by their authors followed by the discussion on the issues proposed in them.
Floating point sub-language of a string language
Authors: Kagan Claude A. R. 
Published: November 2007

The facilities for floating point computation within the framework of a string language currently operating on the PDP-10 at the Western Electric Company Engineering Research Center are considered to be a sublanguage.
This sublanguage is accessed through use of the * (asterisk) as a function marker in lieu of the colon, and such use causes execution of all of the available arithmetic functions as well as a family of additional functions whose names are the same as those used in Fortran.
The list of functions that will execute in this sublanguage is displayed through execution of ** (LF), expression.
APL on the Honeywell 635
Authors: Glick Norman , Schrader Richard 
Published: November 2007

This paper describes an implementation of APL for the Honeywell 635 Computer. Although several of the primitives of the language have not yet been implemented, there are some system commands which provide an interesting link to other subsystems within the GECOS operating system. The primary implementation language is FORTRAN IV, so that some degree of machine independence is obtained.
The hardware, software, and user environment is briefly described, followed by a description of the APL package from the user perspective, including the reasons for selecting the ASCII character set rather than the APL set. The features which link APL to the other GECOS sybsystems, and the debug package used are briefly described, and finally, a few interesting features of the implementation are described.
Spontaneous Mammary Intraepithelial Lesions in Dogs—A Model of Breast Cancer
Authors: Antuofermo Elisabetta , Miller Margaret A. , Pirino Salvatore , Xie Jun , Badve Sunil , Mohammed Sulma I. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Mammary intraepithelial lesions (IEL) are nowadays frequently diagnosed as a result of the success of mammographic screening, education programs, and awareness by women. Establishment of an animal model for these lesions to test treatment or preventive modalities is a prerequisite for human clinical trials. A model for spontaneous IELs, especially for estrogen receptor (ER)-negative lesions, does not exist. This study describes the histologic and immunohistochemical similarity between human and canine mammary IELs. Mammary tumors from 200 dogs were classified and histologic sections of the excisional specimens were evaluated for IELs. IELs, found in specimens from 60 dogs, were categorized as adenosis, sclerosing adenosis, intraductal papilloma, sclerosing papilloma, ductal hyperplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS; high, intermediate, and low grade). Most proliferative IELs without atypia were associated with benign tumors, whereas IELs with atypia (ADH and DCIS) were generally associated with mammary cancer. ER-α expression was significantly low or absent in most ADH and DCIS lesions as well as in their associated tumors. Ki67 expression was significantly higher in high-grade DCIS than in hyperplasia or low-grade DCIS. Two thirds of high-grade DCIS lesions were positive for HER-2. Canine mammary IELs were strikingly similar to those of the human breast. The frequency of IELs in the dog, their association with spontaneous mammary cancer, their pattern of ER-α and HER-2 expression, and their histologic resemblance to human IELs may make the dog an ideal model to study human ER-negative (both HER-2 positive and negative) breast cancer progression as well as prevention and treatment. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(11):2247–56)
Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer through Dietary Agents: Progress and Promise
Authors: Syed Deeba N. , Khan Naghma , Afaq Farrukh , Mukhtar Hasan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractProstate cancer (CaP) is second only to lung cancer as the cause of cancer-related deaths in American men and is responsible for over 29,000 deaths per year. One promising approach to reduce the incidence of CaP is through chemoprevention, which has been recognized as a plausible and cost-effective approach to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by inhibiting precancerous events before the occurrence of clinical disease. Indeed, CaP is an ideal candidate disease for chemoprevention because it is typically diagnosed in the elderly population with a relatively slower rate of growth and progression, and therefore, even a modest delay in the development of cancer, achieved through pharmacologic or nutritional intervention, could result in substantial reduction in the incidence of clinically detectable disease. In this review, we have summarized the recent investigations and mechanistic studies on CaP chemoprevention using dietary agents, such as selenium, vitamins D and E, lycopene, phytoestrogens, flavonoids, and green tea polyphenols. Well-designed trials are required to delineate the potential clinical usefulness of these agents through issues, such as determining the optimal period and route of administration, systemic bioavailability, optimal dosing and toxicity of the agent, and single or combinatorial approach. It is hoped that, combining the knowledge based on agents with targets, effective approaches for CaP chemoprevention can be established. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(11):2193–204)
Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Predictors of Nonadherence to Mammography Screening Guidelines
Authors: Dailey Amy B. , Kasl Stanislav V. , Holford Theodore R. , Calvocoressi Lisa , Jones Beth A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAs neighborhood context is increasingly recognized as an important predictor of health outcomes and health behaviors, this analysis sought to determine the relationship between neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) and regular mammography screening behavior. One thousand four hundred fifty-one women ages 40 to 79 years who obtained an “index” screening mammogram at one of five urban hospitals in Connecticut between October 1996 and January 1998 were enrolled in this prospective study. The logistic regression analysis includes the 1,229 women [484 African-American (39%) and 745 White (61%)] who completed telephone interviews at baseline and follow-up (average 29.4 months later) and for whom the study outcome, nonadherence to age-specific mammography screening guidelines, was ascertained. Neighborhood-level SES was determined using 1990 census tract information. Neighborhood-level SES variables (quartiles) were associated with nonadherence for African-American women [neighborhood-level education and composite socioeconomic position index (SEP Index)] and White women (neighborhood-level crowding and neighborhood-level assets). Using race-specific categorizations reflective of individual-level SES distributions, the SEP Index and neighborhood-level education were associated with nonadherence to mammography screening guidelines for African-American women (marginally significant for White women), independent of individual-level SES and other known predictors of mammography screening use [African-American women: SEP Index odds ratio (OR), 3.55; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.33-9.51; neighborhood-level education OR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.25-8.26; White women: SEP Index OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 0.97-4.67; neighborhood-level education OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 0.93-5.76]. The results of this analysis underscore the importance of examining neighborhood social context as well as individual factors in the study of mammography screening behavior. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(11):2293–303)
National Cancer Institute's Small Grants Program for Behavioral Research in Cancer Control Boosts Careers for New Investigators and Fulfills NIH Research Priorities
Authors: Chollette Veronica Y. , Crowley Kathleen 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Background: In 1998, the NIH's National Cancer Institute created the Behavioral Research Program (BRP) within the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences. A primary goal of the BRP is to stimulate and expand the field of behavioral research in cancer prevention and control. To help achieve this end, BRP created the Small Grants Program. This study examines the effect of the program on the careers of new investigators in cancer prevention and control.
Methods: A mixed-method analysis was conducted on data from a grantee survey and publication and post-award activity records.
Results: A majority of grantees (n = 197) submitted additional research grant applications, and of these grantees, 37% (n = 73) were awarded funding from the NIH and 20% (n = 40) received funding at the R01 level. Grantees published research results in journals or presented at professional conferences. Of the 47 grantees who provided their curriculum vitae, 72% (n = 34) published or had in press at least one article resulting from their small grant (R03) and 40% (n = 19/47) published at least one article as lead author. These articles were cited a total of 134 times in 85 journals.
Conclusions: By supporting investigators' initial behavioral research applications, the Small Grants Program seems to open the door to additional “independent” research opportunities and fulfills the NIH's goals of supporting early career investigators and stimulating promising new areas of cancer research. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(11):2459–63)
Statin Use and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the California Men's Health Study Cohort
Authors: Flick E. Dawn , Habel Laurel A. , Chan K. Arnold , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. , Quinn Virginia P. , Haque Reina , Orav Endel J. , Seeger John D. , Sadler Marianne C. , Quesenberry Charles P. , Sternfeld Barbara , Jacobsen Steven J. , Whitmer Rachel A. , Caan Bette J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractStatins have known anticarcinogenic effects, however, evidence for long-term statin use as effective chemoprevention for prostate cancer is inconsistent. We examined the association between statin use and risk of prostate cancer among 69,047 eligible participants in the California Men's Health Study, a prospective cohort of Northern and Southern California Kaiser Permanente (KP) members, ages 45 to 69 years, initiated in 2002. Prostate cancer cases were identified by linkage to the KP California Cancer Registries. Statin exposure, estimated from automated KP outpatient pharmacy records (available since 1991 in Southern California and since 1994 in Northern California), was treated as time-varying and defined as the cumulative days dispensed of any statin from the first dispensing until a prostate cancer diagnosis, radical prostatectomy, termination of membership, or end of study (December 31, 2004). Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time scale were used to estimate rate ratios, while controlling for confounding variables. During follow-up, 888 prostate cancer cases, including 131 advanced cases, were identified. There was no association between ever statin use or &lt;5 years use and prostate cancer. Conversely, ≥5 years use was associated with a 28% lower risk for prostate cancer compared with nonuse (adjusted rate ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.53-0.99). This association did not differ markedly for advanced disease. However, the association did seem to be restricted to those who regularly take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Our findings suggest that long-term statin use might be associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer but perhaps only among regular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug users. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(11):2218–25)
Dietary Flavonoid Intake and Breast Cancer Survival among Women on Long Island
Authors: Fink Brian N. , Steck Susan E. , Wolff Mary S. , Britton Julie A. , Kabat Geoffrey C. , Gaudet Mia M. , Abrahamson Page E. , Bell Paula , Schroeder Jane C. , Teitelbaum Susan L. , Neugut Alfred I. , Gammon Marilie D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground: Laboratory research and a growing number of epidemiologic studies have provided evidence for a reduced risk of breast cancer associated with dietary intake of certain classes of flavonoids. However, the effects of flavonoids on survival are not known. In a population-based cohort of breast cancer patients, we investigated whether dietary flavonoid intake before diagnosis is associated with subsequent survival.Methods: Women ages 25 to 98 years who were newly diagnosed with a first primary invasive breast cancer between August 1, 1996, and July 31, 1997, and participated in a population-based, case-control study (n = 1,210) were followed for vital status through December 31, 2002. At the case-control interview conducted shortly after diagnosis, respondents completed a FFQ that assessed dietary intake in the previous 12 months. All-cause mortality (n = 173 deaths) and breast cancer–specific mortality (n = 113 deaths) were determined through the National Death Index.Results: Reduced hazard ratios [age- and energy-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)] for all-cause mortality were observed among premenopausal and postmenopausal women for the highest quintile of intake, compared with the lowest, for flavones [0.63 (0.41-0.96)], isoflavones [0.52 (0.33-0.82)], and anthocyanidins [0.64 (0.42-0.98)]. No significant trends in risk were observed. Results were similar for breast cancer–specific mortality only.Conclusion: Mortality may be reduced in association with high levels of dietary flavones and isoflavones among postmenopausal U.S. breast cancer patients. Larger studies are needed to confirm our findings. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(11):2285–92)
The Effect of Mammographic Screening and Hormone Replacement Therapy Use on Breast Cancer Incidence in England and Wales
Authors: Waller Michael , Moss Sue , Watson Joanna , Møller Henrik 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Design: An extended age-period-cohort model was used to estimate the effect of mammographic screening and hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer incidence in England and Wales between 1971 and 2001.
Results: Incidence of breast cancer increased noticeably in women attending screening for the first time compared with nonattenders [rate ratio (RR), 1.73; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.67-1.80]. Incidence was also 18% to 35% higher in attenders relative to nonattenders in subsequent screening rounds. In the first 3 years after women left the screening program, rates of breast cancer were reduced (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.86-0.90), but by 7 to 9 years after screening, the rates had returned to the expected level (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94-1.00). The estimated RR of hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer incidence was 1.55 (95% CI, 1.37-1.75). Screening is estimated to increase a woman's lifetime risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer from 7.8% to 8.6%.
Conclusions: It is estimated that in the absence of screening, rates of breast cancer incidence would have continued to increase. A study at the individual subject level would be beneficial to assess the level of overdiagnosis associated with breast cancer screening. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(11):2257–61)