bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental aspects of renal tumors
Authors: Grabstald Harry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpontaneously observed and exogenously induced renal tumors in mice and rats have been described. Occasionally occurring tumors in other species have been reviewed. The relationships between the spontaneously observed and induced tumors and endocrine factors are reviewed. Practical applications for the use of induced tumors as screening techniques for chemotherapy of advanced renal cancer in man are discussed. Limitations in the present models are apparent. Both hormonal and nonhormonal environments can effect relative growth rates in several species of the induced tumors. Common metabolic pathways in several of the alkylating agents for the inductions of renal tumors are described. The virus relationships to frog tumors have been appreciated for some time and have been further studied. Present clinical problems and controversies, however, remain. Important areas for further study of these models can provide helpful clinical information and have been discussed.
The management of malignant effusions from breast cancer
Authors: Rosato Francis E. , Wallach Mark W. , Rosato Ernest F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have reviewed our experience with 50 patients with malignant effusion secondary to breast cancer. Prior to any therapy for this problem the malignant cause of the effusion must be firmly established. Permanent cell block with cytologic examination of such cells proved exceedingly accurate in our hands. Once the diagnosis is known secondary to malignancy the type of effusion must be investigated since those in which there are a large number of free cells or diffuse serosal studding respond best to intracavitary therapy. Those in which the effusion is due to lymphatic or venous blockage secondary to a single large tumor mass do not respond well to intracavitary therapy. Forty‐nine of our patients had pleural effusion and were treated either by aspiration of fluid alone, aspiration of fluid combined with systemic treatment, or aspiration of fluid combined with intracavitary administration of radioactive gold, or nitrogen mustard. In the course of their therapy each patient averaged 6 thoracenteses prior to symptomatic relief, and usually remained symptom free after a course of treatment. An interval of 19 months from the time of the appearance of the effusion until death was found in the 38 patients who have succumbed to their disease ‐in the 12 who are still living 54 months have passed since initial appearance of their effusion to the present time.We believe that effusion is not a signal of the last stage of this disease and should be aggressively treated.
Chordoma: An analysis of twenty cases treated over a twenty‐year span
Authors: Ariel Irving M. , Verdu Carlos 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChordoma is a recurring malignancy which does not play by the rules. A five‐year survival or even a survival of ten years or longer without evidence of tumor cannot assure the surgeon that the malignant growth has been laid to rest. Recurring local episodes as well as metastases may continue to yield to surgery, irradiation, and other forms of treatment for an astonishing length of time. Thus, situations that may be cause for despair in other malignancies are often a challenge for renewed vigorous treatment in chordoma.
Prevention of tracheal stoma recurrences after total laryngectomy by postoperative irradiation
Authors: Schneider Jack J. , Lindberg Robert D. , Jesse Richard H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPatients with advanced glottic cancer, in whom there is extensive subglottic disease and/or low cervical lymph node metastasis, have a high incidence of recurrence in and about the tracheal stoma. Stoma recurrences can be prevented by immediate postoperative megavoltage radiotherapy when the stoma is included in the irradiated volume.
Sweat gland carcinoma: A clinico‐pathological reappraisal
Authors: Mitts Donald L. , Smith Michael T. , Russell Lewis , Bannayan George A. , Cruz A. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of sweat gland carcinoma arising from the right fifth finger which later metastasized to the regional lymph nodes and the lungs is the subject of this report which attempts to establish further the true characteristics of this definite pathological entity. The diagnosis of sweat gland carcinoma has been loosely applied to a variety of lesions, and it was not until recently that more exact and appropriate criteria were used to establish the diagnosis of sweat gland carcinoma. The case reported in this manuscript possesses most if not all the criteria necessary to make a diagnosis of sweat gland carcinoma. Further review of the literature shows that this is a rare and aggressive neoplasm as this case illustrates. Radical surgery of the primary lesions with radical regional lymph node dissection whenever possible is recommended for the initial treatment, and combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be employed in the palliative treatment of the more advanced forms of the disease.
Breast masses in males with carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Wilson Samuel E. , Hutchinson William B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBreast masses developing in male patients who have prostatic carcinoma may represent gynecomastia secondary to estrogen therapy, metastasis of the prostatic carcinoma to the breast, or a primary carcinoma of the breast. Accurate diagnosis of this lesion by biopsy and, if possible, histochemical determination of acid phosphatase is essential to determine prognosis and treatment. The patient with breast metastases from a primary prostatic carcinoma will survive on the average only 4 mo. However, in the patient with prostatic carcinoma, surgical treatment for a primary breast carcinoma may extend survival considerably.
Combined therapy in carcinomas of the female breast
Authors: Shanta V. , Krishnamurthi S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOf 606 female breast cancers treated, 364 of them in stage I, II, and III, only 7 cases were in stage I. All stage II and III cases in good general condition received radical preoperative irradiation to the entire breast volume and the regional lymphatic areas over a period of 4 wk, followed 4 wk later by a radical mastectomy. No postoperative irradiation was administered. The biological basis of this therapeutic policy is explained in detail and the 5‐yr disease‐free survival of patients in relation to stage of disease, treatment method, histology of the primary tumor, histologic nodal metastatic status, postradiational status of the breast primary, the menstrual status of the patient, and the general metabolic status is discussed. It is explicitly shown by meticulous histological study of the breasts and the axillary lymph nodes removed at surgery that radical irradiation per se is inadequate to sterilize the breasts and that subsequent radical surgery is essential.Furthermore, two‐thirds of the stage III cancers, which would have been considered inoperable by conventional criteria, were rendered operable by preoperative irradiation, with a near 50% 5‐yr disease‐free survival.
Case report of metastatic carcinoid tumor to the neck
Authors: Calabretta Arthur M. , Graham William P. , Miller Stephen H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince their original description in 1838 carcinoid tumors have interested physicians. This case represents another unusual presentation of a carcinoid tumor in which the cervical area has rarely been reported. In addition, it demonstrates the elusiveness of the tumor despite exhaustive diagnostic studies.
Metastatic hypernephroma to the head and neck
Authors: Schantz John C. , Miller Stephen H. , Graham William P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHypernephroma is one of the most common visceral adenocarcinomas which metastasize to the head and neck. The metastasis may precede discovery of the primary or follow it. The most common sites of metastatic hypernephroma to the head and neck are the sinonasal tract, skin, cervical lymphatics, and mandible. Three cases of metastatic hypernephroma are presented and one of these is the first documented report of a metastasis to the parotid gland. The other two were found in the sinonasal tract.
Prognostic significance of peripheral lymphocyte counts and carcinoembryonic antigens in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Kim Un‐Sup , Papatestas Angelos E. , Aufses Arthur H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn association between pretreatment lymphocyte counts and 5‐year prognosis was noted in colorectal cancer. Among 188 patients with 5‐year follow‐up significant difference in survival rates in relation to lymphocyte counts was noted: 61% for patients with counts > 2,000/cm, 30% for those with counts < 1,000/cmm, and 58% for the intermediate group. Similar differences were also noted within groups with Dukes' B and C lesions and in elderly patients. Highly significant differences were noted in women. Those with Dukes' B and C lesions with counts > 2,000/cmm had an 81% survival rate, compared to 50% for those with lower counts X2 = 6.81 p < 0.01, Women had significantly higher lymphocyte counts and higher survival rates than men.An inverse correlation was noted between pretreatment lymphocytes and simultaneously determined carcinoembryonic antigens.These observations indicate that lymphocyte counts may be of prognostic value in colorectal cancer when used in association with carcinoembryonic antigens.
Cellular immune response in vitro: I. A requirement for time‐dependent T‐lymphocyte cell division of cytotoxic cells in the allogeneic response
Authors: Lundak Robert L. , Kaplan Marvin S. , Raidt Donald J. , Hronis Tina S. , Granger Gale A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunocompetent lymphoid cells cultured in vitro with allogeneic stimulator cells have been shown to produce T‐lymphocyte populations which are specifically cytotoxic in vitro to the stimulatory cells whether normal or malignant. Although the culture requirements as well as the allogeneic requirements are known, the events leading to the production of T‐lymphocyte cytotoxic cells is poorly understood. This study examines the role of cell division in the production of allogeneic cytotoxic T‐cells in vitro.The elimination of cell division during the first 24 hr of allogeneic culture does not affect the cell‐mediated cytotoxic immune response in vitro. Cell division is required, however, from 24 hr through 96 hr in culture and not necessary after 96 hr.
The lip‐splitting approach to resection of oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Babin Richard , Calcaterra Thomas C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdequate margins are of primary importance in a composite resection of oropharyngeal carcinomas. Secondary considerations include the functional status and cosmetic result of the patient after the operation. A series of 6 patients demonstrate that, in selected cases, a lip‐splitting approach to increase exposure while ensuring adequate margins may be undertaken without undue fear of functional impairment or cosmetic deformity. The ultimate result will depend on proper placement of the incisions and careful reapproximation of tissue.
Screening random asymptomatic women under 50 by annual mammographies: Does it make sense?
Authors: Bross Irwin D. J. , Blumenson Leslie E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effectiveness of screening random asymptomatic women for breast cancer using mammography has been analyzed using a new mathematical‐computer technology. The technology is based on a general mathematical theory of screening recently developed by Blumenson combined with a mathematical model for breast cancer developed by Blumenson and Bross over the past decade. The technology makes it relatively simple to try alternative strategies for age at onset of screening, screening interval, etc. and to calculate the relative effectiveness of the strategy. When the benefits of alternative strategies with periodic screening beginning at different ages were compared with the increasing risk of iatrogenic disease from multiple exposure to low levels of radiation, it was concluded that screening of asymptomatic women should begin no earlier than age 50.
Studies and characterization of a murine neuroblastoma model
Authors: Keogh Brian , Chu T. Ming , Williams Phyllis , Moore Robert H. , Murphy Gerald P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractClinical chemotherapy in the treatment of neuroblastoma is undergoing further evaluation. Chemotherapeutic agents, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and hexamethylmelamine, were investigated in a murine neuroblastoma model that, in part, histologically and morphologically resembles the human tumor. The tumor was inoculated subcutaneously (SC), intramuscularly (IM), intraperitoneally (IP), intrarenally (IR). Growth of tumor was observed at all sites, as well as the appearance of metastases. Maximal survival of 32 ± 1 days was seen (SC) and the minimum was 15 ± 1 days (IR) (p < 0.05). Corresponding survival rate for IM was 26 ± 1 days and IP 21 ± 1 days. For this reason SC was selected for drug testing. Cyclophosphamide 100 mg/kg/week showed the most favorable results, as determined by autopsy status with fewer tumors and a greater tumor weight decrease over time. This agent also showed a significantly longer survival in comparison to all other drugs (p < 0.0001). The results with vincristine and hexamethylmelamine in the dose ranges employed differed little from the placebo, except for the finding of a slight decrease in body weight at autopsy.
Pancreatic carcinoma as a sequel to therapy of lymphoma
Authors: Jochimsen Peter R. , Pearlman Nathan W. , Lawton Richard L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDevelopment of a carcinoma in the pancreas of a young man who had five years previously undergone intensive radiotherapy and subsequent chemotherapy for treatment of a lymphoma suggests that induction of the second neoplasm occurred as the result of the therapy of the first. While definitive proof of causality is lacking, a review of recent literature strongly suggests that the association noted in the patient described is more than serendipitous. Increased usage of high‐dose radiotherapy, particularly in conjunction with chemotherapy, may be directly related, and it is imperative that such an association be kept in mind when such patients are seen in follow‐up.
Breast cancer arising in surgical scars
Authors: Freund H. , Biran S. , Laufer N. , Eyal Z. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwelve women who developed breast cancer at the site of old surgical scars in the breast are presented. Six had had former breast biopsies, 3 drainage of breast abscesses, and 3 developed breast cancer in old thoracotomy scars transversing the breast.The combination of trauma as an oncogen and scar tissue as a functional and immunological locus minoris resistentia seems to play a major role in the development of breast cancer in this group of patients.The association of breast cancer, scar, and trauma would not be coincidental. Increased attention drawn to this entity may lead to a rise in the number of cases diagnosed among patients with breast scars after biopsies, abscesses, trauma, or foreign body implantation.
Efforts in cancer diagnosis: National task forces — large bowel cancer
Authors: Copeland Murray M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCurrent information from the National Large Bowel Cancer Project and other sources is given concerning new leads and avenues of research that may be used in early diagnosis or possibly in monitoring therapy.The search for biological markers has developed in two general directions: (1) to identify by genetic studies patients with a high probability of developing cancer who will provide insight into biochemical changes as premalignant lesions develop into frankly developed cancer, and (2) to find differences between tissue and body fluid constituents in normal subjects and patients with cancer.Screening for colon cancer is discussed with a selective diagnostic approach and with emphasis on this approach in early diagnosis of asymptomatic high risk patients.
The anatomy of the arteries and veins of the breast
Authors: Cunningham Lew 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTextbook accounts of this subject are inadequate. This review considers the work of Cooper and Salmon and reproduces some of their figures. Applications in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer are discussed. The largest mammary arteries are the lateral (from the axillary) and the anterior medial and posterior medial (from the internal thoracic). The branches of these arteries do not follow the duct system, but instead form a plexus in the anterior fat layer. Normally there are no hypervascular or hypovascular areas. The contribution of the mammary branches of the posterior (aortic) intercostal arteries is minor. There are superficial and deep sets of veins, the latter associated with arteries. Mammary vessels of living women are demonstrated by infrared photography, thermography, and mammography. In the diagnostic use of these methods there is a tendency to rely upon the concept of normal vascular symmetry, but this is a fallacy.
Quantitative change of serum protein and immunoglobulin in patients with solid cancers
Authors: Lee Yeu‐tsu N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere are many quantitative changes of serum protein and immunoglobulin fractions in patients with cancer of various sites, excluding those with leukemic and lymphoproliferative disorders. The commonest change in serum proteins of patients with neoplastic disease is a reduction in albumin concentration and elevation of alpha globulins, especially alpha‐2 fraction. Immunoglobulins (IgG, A, M) are a heterogenous group of proteins contained in the gamma, beta, and alpha‐2 electrophoretic fractions of serum proteins. The IgG was found to be significantly increased in patients with cancer of the skin and lung, but decreased in patients with cancer of the prostate and breast. Serum IgM was reported to be elevated in patients with sarcoma, melanoma, brain tumors, but decreased in patients with carcinoma of the ovary. Serum IgA was found to be elevated in patients with cancer of epithelial secretory organs, such as skin, breast, head and neck, lung, gut, prostate, and uterine cervix. Whether these findings reflect specific changes of the humoral arm of tumor‐host interaction remains to be investigated.
Nephrotic syndrome associated with gastric cancer
Authors: Catane Raphael , Kaufman Jerome H. , Douglass Harold O. , Kim Untae , Mittelman Arnold 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient whose nephrotic syndrome was controlled by steroids and cyclophosphamide was found to have gastric cancer. After removal of the tumor and discontinuing the steroid therapy, no recurrence of the clinical signs of nephrotic syndrome appeared, but moderate proteinuria persisted. The literature regarding the association of nephrotic syndrome with malignancies is reviewed.
Impaired lymphocyte blastogenic response in patients with colon adenocarcinoma: Effects of disease and age
Authors: Goldrosen Martin H. , Han Tin , Jung Okhee , Smolev James , Holyoke E. Douglas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe in vitro blastogenic response of 76 patients with colon adenocarcinoma and 29 age‐matched normal healthy volunteers was compared. An age‐related decline in cellular immunocompetence was observed in both the patient and control group. Within each age interval, the patients' blastogenic responses were lower than the controls' and the rate of decline of the blastogenic response in the patient group was greater in magnitude, suggesting that their disease state also contributed to loss of cellular immunocompetence. Thus, both increasing age and presence of tumor are factors that contribute to the decline in immunocompetence in patients with colon adenocarcinoma.
A surgical technique for resecting malignancies invading the facial nerve and petrous pyramid
Authors: Spann Joe L. , Sandlin Michael E. , Van Wormer Dale 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCertain head and neck malignancies tend to invade branches of the cranial nerves and progress centripetally. The maxillary and mandibular divisions of the V (trigeminal) nerve are the most commonly invaded, but the VII (facial) nerve may harbor extensions of primary parotid malignancies and/or skin cancers originating in or near the ear. Paresis of the VII nerve signifies a serious but not entirely hopeless situation if countered with an appropriate surgical procedure.The optimal treatment of malignancies invading cranial nerves is surgical excision, which may necessitate removal of substantial portions of the cranium. Surgical pursuit of a malignancy in the facial nerve leads to a direct confrontation with the petrous pyramid of the temporal bone. Resection of the petrous pyramid is surgically feasible, but, if performed en bloc, exacts a high morbidity and mortality. An alternate technique in which the soft tissue and bones are removed disjunct is advocated. In this technique, the soft tissues are excised flush with the surface of the temporal bone. After making perforator and burr openings in the squamous temporal bone, a subtotal temporal craniectomy is completed with rongeurs. A prerequisite for success with this technique is the rotation of a large scalp flap and other local flaps to cover the exposed meninges and carotid arteries.A resume of four cases using this technique is presented. The age of the patients, the type, stage, and duration of the malignancies, and other factors which might influence the end stage results are given.
Ameloblastoma of the anterior maxillae
Authors: Goodsell Joseph F. , Yamashita Dennis‐Duke , Moody Rex 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFew generalizations may be made about the ameloblastoma. Its many varied characteristics may mimic those of many other lesions. The case presented, against all odds and expectations, proved to be highly infiltrative. The use of all available information for accurate diagnosis and sound treatment is stressed. Block resection was found to be the best treatment assuring no recurrence and minimal deformity.
The therapeutic dilemma of carcinomas of unknown origin
Authors: Feleppa Virginia B. , Lemon Henry M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe charts of 23 patients with metastatic carcinoma were reviewed retrospectively in hospitalized patients who had no apparent primary lesion. Eleven patients eventually had autopsies. The primary became apparent in 8 patients either pre‐ or post mortem. Treatment by operative intervention, and/or radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy are discussed. The discussion reviews mechanisms of metastasis, problems in pathological interpretation, and considerations for evaluation of such patients.
An unusual presentation of carcinoma of the lung: 26 patients with cervical node metastases
Authors: Davis Ray S. , Flynn Michael B. , Moore Condict 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCarcinoma of the lung should be considered in the search for an unknown primary lesion when there is evidence of cervical lymph node involvement. Of 1,686 patients with a final diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma seen during a 10‐year period at the University of Louisville Hospitals, 26 presented with one or more clinically positive cervical nodes. The frequency of lung cancer in such instances varies from 1.5% (in the present report) to 32%, possibly because the term “cervical node” is used without clarification. More precise description of such metastases is urged.
Immunologic reactivity of lymph nodes regional to prostatic cancer: Preliminary observations
Authors: Herr Harry W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRegional pelvic lymph nodes from 9 patients with prostatic carcinoma were investigated for in vitro immunologic reactivity to T and B cell mitogens. Regional lymph node lymphocytes were significantly more reactive when obtained from nodes morphologically displaying T and B lymphorplasia than from nodes that histologically appeared normal or depleted of lymphocytes. The data suggest that a morphologic evaluation of lymph nodes regional to prostate cancer may reflect the patient's antitumor immune response.