bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrathoracic Right Kidney Diagnosed by Ultrasound
Authors: ARCHER R.J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIntrathoracic kidneys are rare. A case is described in which the initial intravenous urogram performed for prostatism appeared to show a non‐functioning right kidney. A subsequent ultrasound examination revealed that the right kidney was situated in the right hemithorax, well above the liver. Pelvic ectopic kidneys are common and standard teaching is to perform a full length film should an immediate or 5 minute renal area radiograph suggest an absent/non‐functioning kidney. With the increasing use of ultrasound in the initial assessment of patients with prostatism, the possible intrathoracic location of a kidney should be remembered when there is failure to demonstrate a kidney in the abdomen or pelvis.
Inferior vena cava “birds nest” filters ‐ 2 year follow‐up
Authors: FIRKIN A. , WALTERS N. , THOMSON K. , ATKINSON N. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis study examines long term efficacy and saftey of “birds nest” filters (Cook), and the use of doppler ultrasound to assess patency.Of the seventeen “birds nest” filters inserted twelve were available for study. All patients were reviewed for evidence of recurrent pulmonary emboli or filter complication. Mean length of follow up was 10 months, (7 had follow up of > 12 months). Three have had further episodes of deep venous thrombosis, with probable recurrent pulmonary embolism in one. No patient had evidence of thrombosis of the inferior vena cava. No fracture or migration of the “birds nest” filters was found. Ten of the twelve filters studied with ultrasound could be visualized within the cava. In all, turbulent flow was detected with colour and duplex doppler study.We conclude that insertion and use of the “birds nest” filters is safe, with a high long term patency rate and few initial or long term complications. Doppler ultrasound is a simple and rapid method of assessing venous patency.
Ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance in the investigation of iliopsoas compartment disease
Authors: DALY B.D. , McPHILLIPS M. , LEUNG A.W. , EVANS R.M. , METREWELI C. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe authors reviewed the results of imaging studies performed in 30 patients with diseases involving the iliopsoas compartment (IPC) to assess the role of Ultrasound (US), Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MR) in the investigation of these deep seated and offen cliaically undetectable lesions 16 (53%) patients had histologically proven benign or malignant IPC tumours with bacterial infection in 12 (40%) and haemorrhage into the IPC in 2 (7%).US correctly detected iliopsoas pathdogy in only 9 of 17 cases (53%) and was satisfactory only in limited situations, such as abscess formation in children and haemorrhage in haemophiliacs. CT was much more accurate (16/17, 94%) than US and correctly diagnosed 7 cases overlooked on US, while also offering greater information in 5 cases where both studies were abnormal. CT was particularly helpful for the detection of both abscess formation and calcification within mass lesion. MR was accurate in all 9 cases imaged, and was very helpful in the assessment of associated vertebral, disc or spinal canal involvement by tumour or infection.A review of the literature, and the results of this study, suggest that CT and MR often have complementary roles where IPC disease is known or suspected. The accuracy of US in IPC disease is limited, preferably being followed by CT or MR imaging.
CT appearances of rounded atelectasis
Authors: STEPHENSON N. , PRICE J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTFive patients examined with CT bad lesions fulfilling criteria for a diagnosis of rounded atelectasis (RA) and these were managed with out biopsy. In three patients unsuspected contralateral lesions were identifled as RA variants, and one of these was biopsied at thoracotomy and proved to be benign. All patients remain well at 6–22 months follow‐up.We concur with recent reports that there is a spectrum of CT appearances of RA and that even atypical lesions seldom need further investigation. We also suggest that the appearances of some atypical lesions add support for the fibrosing theory of pathogenesis of RA.
Traumatic rupture of the aorta
Authors: SACHARIAS N. , KURIATA A.R. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIn a series of 28 patients with suspected ruptured thoracic aorta, only three were shown to have sustained such an injury. To minimise the number of negative examination, the importance of optimising the initial radiological examination of the chest is discussed along with the importance of visualisation of the descending aorta.The signs that lead to the suspicion of rupture of the aorta are numerous and non specific and indicate some change in the mediastinum which could be significant in the given clinical context.This paper wishes to emphasise a negative sign, namely visibility of the descending aorta.
Technical report: fallopian tube recanalization facilitated by a hydrophillic glide wire
Authors: FERNANDO CHARITHA C. , FRASER HAMISH H. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTFallopian tube recanalization is now a well established radiological procedure (1). We describe a case in which the tubal obstruction was resistant to the standard technique of recanalization by the passage of a platinum tipped wire but in which we were able to achieve success with the aid of a hydrophillic “glide” wire (Radifocus angled tip, Terumo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).
Percutaneous ultrasound guided cholecystostomy with double bubble catheter
Authors: HORTON M.D.A. , MORRIS D.L. , GLENN D.W. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTWe have used a prototype double bubble cholecystostomy catheter in four very ill patients. This has been done under local anaesthetic using a Seldinger technique, ultrasound guidance, and a trans‐peritoneal approach to the gallbladder. The catheter provides drainage, cholangiography, and is intended to allow instrumentation of the biliary tract at a later stage.
Assimilation of the atlas with associated syringomyelia and Chiari 1 malformation (Klippel‐Feil Type 2)
Authors: JONES D.N. , DAVIES R. , SAGE M.R. , HANIEH A. , MORRIS L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis case report describes an unusual congenital anomaly of the craniovertebral junction in a 14 year old male. Cervical radio graphs showed the bony anomaly, while thin slice CT (with 2–D and 3–D reformations), MR imaging, and angiography were particularly useful in accurately assessing the bony, soft tissue and vascular anato my, prior to and following surgery.
Cranial dural arteriovenous malformation and fistula. Radiological diagnosis and management. Review of thirty four patients.
Authors: ApSIMON H.T. , IVES F.J. , KHANGURE M.S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT The clinical features, imaging and angiographic findings of thirty four patients with cranial dural arteriovenous malformations and fistulae are presented in four groups. Group 1 – Seven patients with anterior cavernous malformations, predominant superior ophthalmic vein drainage, and symptoms and signs of carotico‐cavernous fistula. Group 2 – Twelve patients with malformations of the superior petrosal, transverse and sigmoid sinus regions, presenting predominantly with bruit. Group 3 – Seven patients with malformations of the basal sinuses and prominent cortical venous drainage, presenting with intracranial haemorrhage, headache and impaired cortical function. Intracranial haemorrhage never occured in the absence of cortical venous drainage. Group 4 – Eight patients with infrequent manifestations. Group 1 and 2 patients are readily recognized and diagnosed. Group 3 and 4 patients are often misdiagnosed. Treatment modalities comprised embolisation therapy, surgical excision, and carotid compression. Twenty patients were treated by one or more of these modalities with a successful outcome in thirteen patients. Group 1 patients are the most amenable to trans‐arterial embolisation. Carotid compression as the sole modality of treatment was successful in four patients. Unless the fistula is successfully closed, Group 3 patients and patients who present with cervical or thoracic myelopathy carry a grave prognosis. There is need for greater radiologist awareness of Group 3 and the rarer presentations, particularly myelopathy. With the exception of one patient, the morphological features of our cases are consistent with the now‐accepted view that these lesions are acquired arterio‐venous fistulae and not congential malformations.
The value of pulmonary angiograms when lung scans disagree with clinical impressions about emboli
Authors: WATTIE W. JOHN , MARSHALL ROBERT G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT When selective magnification pulmonary angiography was done within 48 hours of a Ventilation/Perfusion (VP) scan, disagreement between scan and angiogram findings was common. Correlation was poor in both high and low probability of embolism groups as defined by scan. Analysis of individual scan diagnostic criteria showed them to be as unreliable as all of them taken together. The patients coming to angiography were those in which the VP scan disagreed with clinical impressions about the probability of embolism. These problem cases have biased the results against scanning, but they reflect how pulmonary angiography is used in clinical practice. North American studies are reviewed in detail, to show that poor correlation between VP scan and angiography is neither a local aberration nor confined to retrospective analyses. If clinical and scan probabilities of embolism do not agree, pulmonary angiography can safely decide the issue.
Chest radiograph appearances after head and neck flap reconstructive surgery
Authors: PEH WILFRED C. G. , HO C.M. , NGAN HENRY 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT The chest radiographs of 17 patients who had undergone pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMF) reconstruction for head and neck cancers were reviewed. Surgical procedure correlated well with radiographic findings, which consisted of the following signs: abnormal axillary and supraclavicular folds, replacement of normal vertical neck fold by an oblique fold, soft tissue mass and loss of facial plane at base of the neck. Unilateral radiolucent hemithorax was present in 41% of cases. In females, loss of breast shadow simulating the post‐mastectomy appearance was present.
Peri renal extravasation in a case of urethral valves
Authors: MEHROTRA GOPESH , BHARGAVA SATISH K. , KRISHNA ANURAG , SHIV  , TANEJA KARUNA 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT A case is described of urinary ascites and a perinephric urinoma due to obstruction of the urinary tract by posterior urethral valves.
C1‐C2 block vertebra with fusion of anterior arch of atlas and the odontoid
Authors: GUPTA S. , PHADKE R.V. , JAIN V.K. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT A rare case of atlanto‐axial block vertebra and fusion of anterior arch with the dens, with instability at the atlanto‐occipital joint, is reported. The literature is briefly reviewed.
Cranio‐metaphyseal dysplasia
Authors: GUPTA DEEPIKA , SHARMA O. P. , CHAUDHARY A. K. , GUPTA S. K. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT Cranio‐metaphyseal dysplasia in two brothers, aged fourteen and twelve, is reported. Both brothers presented with deafness, repeated episodes of cold and cough and mouth breathing. Striking craniofacial configuration consisted of hypertelorism, prominent glabella and zygomatic arches, mandibular prognathism and overgrowth of middle third of face. Both patients had genu valgum deformity. Low intelligence and poor scholastic performance present in both brothers were attributed to deafness. Radiographic features consisted of obtuse mandibular angle, defective dentition, sclerotic frontal sinuses, sclerotic mastoids and temporal bones. Splaying of metaphyses of long bones was associated with mild sclerosis. Mild degree of widening of ribs was also present. One brother also had hallux valgus deformity. The radiographic and clinical differentiation of cranio‐metaphyseal dysplasia and metaphyseal dysplasia (Pyle's disease) is highlighted.
Magnetic resonance imaging of central nervous system haemorrhage
Authors: SILBERSTEIN MORRY , HENNESSY OLIVER 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The variable magnetic resonance imaging appearances of central nervous system haemorrhage, both intra‐ and extra‐axial, are described. These will vary with the type of image contrast (T1 or T2 weighting), the nature of the imaging sequence (spin‐echo or gradient‐echo) and the time from onset of haemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful technique for imaging haemorrhage in the central nervous system as it yields temporal information about haematoma development, and it is the only non‐invasive means of imaging intraspinal haemorrhage. It is, however, limited in the imaging of haematomas within 24 h of onset and in subarachnoid haemorrhage where computed tomography is the investigation of choice.
Carotid colour Doppler
Authors: DUFFY PETER 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Following the introduction of a carotid colour duplex Doppler service, a retrospective survey of the second 100 patients examined was undertaken to determine the accuracy of the examination compared with angiography and surgery, and to assess the clinical efficacy of the results with a review of the final diagnosis, how that diagnosis was achieved and whether the test had helped assess the patient's illness or altered the medical management and/or the outcome of the patient's illness. The results indicated the expected accuracy of over 94% and that the examination helped assess the patient's illness in 92%, altered the management plan in 40% and altered the outcome of the patient's illness in 14% where the disease prevalence was 16%.
Assessment of abdominal lymph nodes in a normal paediatric population: An ultrasound study
Authors: HEALY M V , GRAHAM P M 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY During a 9 month period, 50 consecutive children were evaluated by ultrasound to determine the size, location (mesenteric vs para‐aortic), number, shape and texture of abdominal lymph nodes in a normal paediatric population. High resolution linear array transducers were used with graded compression. Nodes ranging from 10 to 20 mm were recorded in the majority of subjects. In all cases mesenteric lymph nodes were larger and more numerous than para‐aortic nodes. Para‐aortic lymph nodes were not seen in isolation.
Symptom relief and survival after chemo‐embolization with Adriamycin, Lipiodol and Gelfoam for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: YOUNG N , HOLLANDS M , WONG K P 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY This is a retrospective study to evaluate the ability of arterial chemo‐embolization with Adriamycin, Lipiodol and Gelfoam to relieve symptoms, primarily abdominal pain, and to prolong survival in patients with hepato‐cellular carcinoma. Twenty patients were referred from 1986 to 1991 and in 18 the chemo‐embolization procedure was successful. In the follow‐up period to March 1992, 17 patients had died. Their survival times were not found to be significantly different from the reported rates of survival in patients given no therapy. In only one of 10 patients followed with computed tomography was a reduction in tumour size seen. Nine of 11 patients with pain reported significant relief from pain following treatment. Six patients had repeat embolizations that successfully relieved recurrent pain. In the authors’experience chemo‐embolization was helpful in relieving pain, but did not prolong life.
Alcohol sclerotherapy of simple parenchymal liver cysts
Authors: McCULLOUGH K M 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Three symptomatic non‐parasitic liver cysts in three patients were treated by the technique of percutaneous aspiration followed by sclerosis of the cyst lining by irrigation with absolute alcohol. In two patients the treatment was fully successful, with partial success in the third case. Two cysts underwent two separate treatments. The technique, which is reviewed, was shown to be a safe and effective alternative to conventional surgical management.
Computed tomography pelvimetry: Accuracy and radiation dose compared with conventional pelvimetry
Authors: MORRIS C W , HEGGIE J C P , ACTON C M 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Several publications in the past few years have indicated that computed tomography (CT) pelvimetry is preferable to conventional pelvimetry when considering accuracy and radiation dose. Many of the previous publications have, however, compared state of the art CT pelvimetry with outmoded conventional pelvimetry techniques. This study compared both the accuracy and the radiation dose of CT pelvimetry with conventional pelvimetry as practised in two large teaching obstetric hospitals in Melbourne. The study did not demonstrate any significant difference in the accuracy between the two methods. The radiation dose to the fetal gonads was also similar. The radiation dose using CT pelvimetry could be significantly lowered if the axial CT section through the ischial spines were excluded from the CT technique.
The role of ultrasound and computed tomography in the evaluation of parotid masses
Authors: CORR P , CHENG P , METREWELI C 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY A prospective sonographic study of 40 patients with symptomatic parotid masses detected all of their 48 lesions (sensitivity 100%). Computed tomography (CT) detected 47 lesions (sensitivity 97.5%). Ultrasound correctly characterized all benign tumours and inflammatory lesions and four out of five malignant tumours. Deep compartment involvement was accurately delineated in 10 (25%) patients but in two patients the extraparotid tumour origin could only be detected by CT. Ultrasound is a sensitive, non‐invasive investigation of parotid masses. Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance should be reserved for lesions that involve the deep compartment of the gland and cannot be separated from the parapharyngeal space or skull base.
24 hour/3 hour radio‐uptake technique for differentiating degenerative and malignant bony lesions in bone scanning
Authors: KASHYAP RAVI , BHATNAGAR ASEEM , MONDAL ANUPAM , SAWROOP KRISHAN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Differentiating bony metastases from degenerative lesions is of great importance to the oncologist. Routine bone scanning using technetium‐99m methylene diphosphonate is the investigation of choice for detecting bony lesions, but its specificity is low. Using the difference in radio‐uptake behaviour of metastatic and degenerative lesions as the criterion, a 24/3 h radio‐uptake, lesion to non‐lesion ratio was used to separate out the two types of lesions. Radio‐uptake ratio (RUR) distribution curves of malignant and degenerative lesions were found to be significantly different (P < 0.001). Taking 1.12 as the critical point, RUR of malignant lesions was found to be more than the critical point, and that of degenerative lesions was found to be less than the critical point. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were found to be 68%, 80% and 74%, respectively.
Design of a radiology request/referral form
Authors: SCALLY PETER M 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY A radiology/referral form has been designed and is offered as a basis for modification to meet the specific requirements of any department. The new form elicits more information, is ergonomically superior to the one it replaced, is designed to increase compliance in the completion of all relevant sections by the referring clinician and fulfils an educative function.
The effect of magnetic resonance imaging in a teaching hospital on patient management
Authors: HAILEY D M , CROWE B L , BURGESS I A , KHANGURE M S , MORRIS I 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY An observational study was undertaken to obtain measures of the impact of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on diagnosis, patient management and patient outcome. A minimum data set at the time of examination was used for 1119 consecutive patients referred by specialists for MRI of the brain or spine. Three month follow up of 707 brain examinations and 235 spinal examinations was undertaken using a questionnaire on diagnosis and patient management. Magnetic resonance imaging made a dominant contribution to final diagnoses of neoplasia and vascular disorders, but was less significant for white matter disease. In a high proportion of cases other types of examination also influenced the final diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging affected patient management in a high proportion of spinal examinations and in cases of cerebral neoplasm, with lesser contributions to cases of cerebrovascular disorder and white matter disease. While MRI was considered superior to other imaging methods, which it could often replace, in practice it will form only one input to the diagnostic decision.
Clival chordomas
Authors: SCHAMSCHULA R G , SOO M Y S 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Three cases of clival chordomas are reviewed and the findings are compared to those in the recent literature. In the first case the tumour arose from the basion, spreading downwards to invade the upper cervical canal and the paravertebral fascial planes. The second case is a rare case since it affects a 12 year old pre‐adolescent boy. The third case showed the characteristic features of petro‐clival erosion and a large extracranial component in the nasopharynx. In all three cases, computed tomography was an excellent modality for demonstrating bone destruction, sequestra and calcification but inferior to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in demonstrating the soft tissue extent of the tumour. The multiplanar capability of MRI was found to be particularly useful for planning treatment. Vertebral angiography can demonstrate the tumours by vessel displacement, encasement and vascular staining. Two cases had angiography and demonstrated tumour blush. Pre‐operative embolization was helpful in one case.
Gallium‐67 scintigraphy in borderline lepromatous leprosy
Authors: MOURATIDIS B , LOMAS F E 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY A middle aged woman with a pyrexia of unknown origin was shown to have borderline lepromatous leprosy. Early gallium‐67 scintigraphy demonstrated increased uptake in the subcutaneous tissues of the face and thighs. As a result of these findings skin biopsy was obtained from the right thigh which gave a diagnosis of borderline lepromatous leprosy. The authors have been unable to find other reports of gallium‐67 scintigraphy in leprosy but the pattern of gallium‐67 distribution should suggest the diagnosis.
Imaging of the ureters on intravenous urography: Does a valsalva help?
Authors: BATES NGAIRE R , DAVIS RICHARD 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY A prospective trial, comparing filling of the ureters on routine urography with ureteric filling following a valsalva manoeuvre, was performed. A significantly greater length of ureter was filled by the study patients than controls, allowing this frequently poorly imaged structure to be visualized more consistently.
Unusual complications of pancreatitis
Authors: BUXI TARVINDER B S , SUJATHA Y , VOHRA RAKESH B , SINGH TRILOCHAN , BYOTRA SHRISTI P 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The computed tomography (CT) appearances of varying grades of severity of acute pancreatitis, and its complications, have been described. Bodywall ecchymosis in the periumbilical region (Cullen's sign) and loins (Grey Turner's sign), though rare, are frequently mentioned in the clinical literature. Massive, exclusively retroperitoneal, involvement is also exceedingly rare. Computed tomography depiction of these signs is sparsely documented. The CT documentation, with clinico‐surgical correlation, of two cases of severe acute pancreatitis with these unusual complications, is presented.