bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone regeneration after topical BMP‐2‐gene delivery in circumferential peri‐implant bone defects
Authors: Lutz Rainer , Park Jung , Felszeghy Endre , Wiltfang Jörg , Nkenke Emeke , Schlegel Karl Andreas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the rate of bone formation and osseointegration after topical gene delivery with a liposomal vector system carrying bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐2 cDNA in combination with a collagen carrier and autologous bone as a carrier in freshly created peri‐implant bone defects.Materials and methods: Eight domestic pigs received nine calvariae defects each (10 × 7 mm). A dental implant was inserted into the centre of each defect. In the test groups, the remaining space was filled with the liposomal vector/BMP‐2 complex combined with a collagen carrier (n=18) or an autologous bone graft (n=18). Control groups were collagen only (n=18) and autologous bone graft only (n=18).Results: There was a significant difference in mineralisation rate in the BMP‐2/bone graft (29.9%± 4.8 and 68.3%± 7.2) and bone graft only (22.6%± 2.6 and 49.4%± 13.9) groups after 7 and 28 days. Mineralisation values were also significantly higher in the BMP‐2/collagen group (21.2%± 16.2 and 53.1%± 12.5) compared with the collagen‐only group (8.2%± 7 and 41%± 8.1) in two different regions after 28 days. Also the bone‐to‐implant contact was significantly increased in the BMP‐2/bone graft group after 28 days and in the BMP‐2/collagen group after 7 and 28 days compared with their control groups.Conclusions: The results of this study show a significantly positive effect of liposomal vector/BMP‐2 on bone regeneration and osseointegration in bony circumferential peri‐implant defects.
Immediate non‐occlusal vs. early loading of dental implants in partially edentulous patients: a multicentre randomized clinical trial. Peri‐implant bone and soft‐tissue levels
Authors: Galli Fabio , Capelli Matteo , Zuffetti Francesco , Testori Tiziano , Esposito Marco 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives: To compare peri‐implant bone and soft‐tissue levels of immediately non‐occlusally loaded vs. non‐submerged early loaded implants in partially edentulous patients up to 14 months after placement.Material and methods: Fifty‐two patients were randomized in five Italian private practices: 25 in the immediately loaded group and 27 in the early loaded group. To be immediately loaded, single implants had to be inserted with a torque of ≥30 N cm, and splinted implants with a torque of ≥20 N cm. Immediately loaded implants were provided with non‐occluding temporary restorations within 48 h. After 2 months, the provisional restorations were placed in full occlusion. Implants were early loaded after 2 months. Final restorations were provided 8 months after placement. Blinded assessors evaluated peri‐implant bone and soft‐tissue levels.Results: Fifty‐two implants were immediately loaded and 52 were early loaded. No drop‐out occurred. One single immediately loaded implant failed 2 months after placement. Both groups gradually lost peri‐implant bone in a highly statistically significant manner at 2, 8, and 14 months. After 14 months, patients of both groups lost an average of 1.1 mm of peri‐implant bone. There were no statistically significant differences between the two loading strategies for peri‐implant bone and soft‐tissue level changes (P>0.05). After 14 months, the position of the soft tissues did not change significantly from baseline (delivery of the final restorations 8 months after placement).Conclusions: There were no statistically or clinically significant differences between immediate and early loading of dental implants with regard to peri‐implant bone and soft‐tissue levels as evaluated in the present study.
Triplets of quasars as lighthouses of rich galaxy clusters
Authors: Söchting Ilona K. , Coldwell Georgina V. , Alonso M. Victoria , Smith Malcolm G. , Lambas Diego G. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
In this Letter, we investigate the very large-scale environments of cluster-scale triplets of type 1 Seyfert galaxies, lower luminosity counterparts of quasars, detected at z &lt; 0.2 in the fourth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The search for cluster scale triplets (object-object separations &lt;2.0 h−1 Mpc and &lt;2000 km s−1) in a combined sample of Seyferts and quasars resulted in only 7 triplets, 3 of which are at z &lt; 0.2. We investigated their environments and found a strong association of z &lt; 0.2 triplets with the richest central parts of superclusters. In two out of three cases, the members of the triplets have been found on the periphery of an extremelly rich galaxy cluster (Abell class 2 and 3). The third triplet also appears associated with a very rich cluster of galaxies but on a somewhat larger scale. Nevertheless, on a small scale, it is still associated with a cluster but of lesser richness. These results suggest that triplets of type 1 Seyfert galaxies at low redshifts are excellent tracers of very rich clusters. Following these results we conclude that triplets of quasars, bright counterparts of type 1 Seyfert galaxies, may be the most successful means of finding distant, very rich, galaxy clusters.
EFFECT OF THERMOPHILIC LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ON THE FATE OF ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII DURING PROCESSING AND STORAGE OF PLAIN YOGURT
Authors: SHAKER REYAD R. , OSAILI TAREQ M. , AYYASH MUTAMED 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT Survival and growth of Enterobacter sakazakii during processing and storage of plain yogurt were investigated. Preheated rehydrated milk was inoculated with a cocktail culture of E. sakazakii (103 cfu/mL of milk) and/or with thermophilic yogurt starter culture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus. The inoculated milk was incubated at 40C for 5 h, then the samples were cooled and subsequently stored at 4C for up to 7 days. The results showed that E. sakazakii grew at an early stage of fermentation but declined at the end of the process. There was no significant difference between the populations of E. sakazakii in the presence or absence of lactic acid bacteria during the first 4 h of the incubation period but there was significant difference during the last hour of the incubation period. The populations of E. sakazakii decreased significantly during cooling and storage of yogurt (pH 4.2−4.7) compared with nonfermented milk samples at 4C. The presence of E. sakazakii did not have a significant effect on the growth of LAB during fermentation and storage of yogurt. The results obtained from this study indicate that the pH of yogurt and storage temperature were critical to the survival and growth of E. sakazakii in the manufacture of plain yogurt.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Enterobacter sakazakii prevalence in milk products and the production environment has been documented. The results obtained from this study may be of use to dairy producers to manufacture safe products using thermophilic lactic acid bacteria. These bacteria decreased the pH of milk in less than 5 h, resulting in E. sakazakii reduction. pH of yogurt during the fermentation process is a critical control point that should be monitored to produce safe products.
LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES AND ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 INHIBITION IN VITRO BY LIPOSOME‐ENCAPSULATED NISIN AND ETHYLENE DIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID
Authors: TAYLOR T. MATTHEW , BRUCE BARRY D. , WEISS JOCHEN , DAVIDSON P. MICHAEL 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT Encapsulation technologies that effectively reduce antimicrobial interaction with food components or protect antimicrobial compounds from food processing measures have the potential to improve the microbiological safety of ready‐to‐eat foods. Recent application of liposomes for the preservation of cheese has spurred research into their utility in other food matrices. To ascertain the feasibility of encapsulated antimicrobial for the control of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 growth in a model system, nisin (5.0 and 10.0 µg/mL) and the chelator ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid were entrapped in phospholipid liposomes. While phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes did not produce significant inhibition of target pathogens, PC/phosphatidylglycerol 8/2 and 6/4 (mol%) produced significant inhibition of pathogens. Near‐complete inhibition of E. coli O157:H7 with liposomal antimicrobials at concentrations below those reported necessary for unencapsulated antimicrobial and chelator suggests that liposomes may represent a powerful technology for the encapsulation of antimicrobials and the control of foodborne pathogens.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe activity of many antimicrobials is abolished in many food products for a variety of reasons. Interference and cross‐reactions of the antimicrobial and various food constituents, such as protein and fat, are difficult to overcome and often require large amounts of antimicrobial in order to gain significant reductions in the pathogen load in a product. Loss of solubility of some antimicrobials based on pH or ionic strength will negatively affect the antimicrobial potential of a compound like nisin. Liposome encapsulation technologies, such as that reported here, may allow for the maintenance of antimicrobial activity by protecting the antimicrobial against cross‐reactions with food components. Additionally, the liposome core represents a microenvironment which can be manipulated by the manufacturer in order to preserve optimal antimicrobial solubility and stability conditions until the time of release.
DEATH OF SALMONELLA SEROVARS, ESCHERICHIA COLI O157 : H7, STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES DURING THE DRYING OF MEAT: A CASE STUDY USING BILTONG AND DROËWORS
Authors: BURNHAM GREG M. , HANSON DANA J. , KOSHICK CHARLOTTE M. , INGHAM STEVEN C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT Biltong and droëwors are ready‐to‐eat dried seasoned beef strips and sausages, respectively. Procedures to meet process lethality requirements for these products have not been validated. The fate of Salmonella serovars, Escherichia coli O157 : H7, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated during the manufacture and vacuum‐packaged storage (7 days at 20–22C) of three lots each of biltong and droëwors. Acid‐adapted pathogens were used as inocula (ca. 7 log CFU per sample for each pathogen). The biltong manufacturing process reduced pathogen levels from 1.2 to 3.8 log CFU (S. aureus and L. monocytogenes, respectively). Less lethality was achieved in making droëwors, probably because of the higher fat content. The manufacturing processes for biltong and droëwors achieved significant lethality. Combined with additional intervention steps and/or raw material testing, the processes would achieve mandated levels of pathogen destruction.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe results of our experimental trials can be applied to commercial dried meat products with water activity, MPR, pH and % water‐phase salt at least as restrictive as our trial products. It was clear from our results that drying of seasoned beef strips or sausage would result in significant reduction in numbers for all four pathogens tested.
LYSIS OF VIBRIOS BY BDELLOVIBRIO‐AND‐LIKE ORGANISMS (BALOs) ISOLATED FROM MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: CAI JUNPENG , ZHAO JUN , WANG ZHI , ZOU DIJING , SUN LIYING 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT Four marine Bdellovibrio‐and‐like organisms (BALOs), viz. BDW01, BDW02, BDW03 and BDW04, were isolated from the Shenzhen Bay of Guangdong province, China, using Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) strain minus as the host bacterium. They were identified as BALOs by electron microscopy and specific polymerase chain reaction methods. Lysis experiments on 41 potentially pathogenic vibrios showed that individually, BDW01, BDW02, BDW03 and BDW04 lysed 36.6, 39.0, 65.8 and 63.4% vibrios, respectively. In combination, they lysed 87.8% of the vibrios tested. In terms of different vibrio species lysed, four BALOs combined could lyse 81.8% Vibrio alginolyticus (11 strains), 83.3% non‐O1 Vibrio cholerae (6 strains), 88.9% Vibrio fluvialis (9 strains), 100% Vibrio minicus (4 strains) and 88.9% Vp (9 strains). The results of this work clearly demonstrated the potential of BALOs in lysing potentially pathogenic vibrios.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSMarine Bdellovibrio‐and‐like organisms (BALOs) have many potential applications, particularly in the seafood processing industry, seafood restaurants' and markets' aquaria as well as in marine aquaculture and in research laboratory where sterilization of live organisms is required. As vibrios, either pathogenic or potentially pathogenic, are ubiquitous in the marine environments, contamination of fish and/or shellfish with vibrios is unavoidable and very common. BALOs can therefore be employed to lyse vibrios in these circumstances via proper means. In our research (Cai et al. 2006), BALOs have successfully been applied to reduce Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster‐rearing environments in a laboratory scale. They have also been successfully applied, in place of antibiotics, to eliminate bacteria from some algae. Currently, the applications of BALOs in seafood restaurants' and markets' aquaria are under evaluation.
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF FROZEN “EDAMAME” (VEGETABLE SOYBEAN)
Authors: PAO S. , ETTINGER M.R. , KHALID M.F. , MEBRAHTU T. , MULLINS C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT This study compared the microbiological quality of frozen “edamame” to other varieties of frozen beans sold in Virginia. Furthermore, the reduction of microorganisms during experimental edamame processing was investigated. Commercial frozen in‐pod and shelled edamame had aerobic mesophiles at 3.4 and 3.1 log cfu/g, yeasts and molds at 2.3 and 2.1 log cfu/g, and some contained low levels of Escherichia coli and enterotoxigenic Bacillus spp. Salmonellae were not found; however, 5% edamame and 4% frozen beans in general were positive for Listeria monocytogenes. Rinsing and shelling raw edamame caused a 1–2 log reduction of total aerobic mesophile, yeast and mold, and coliform counts. No naturally occurring yeast, mold or coliform was detected after blanching edamame at 98C for≥30 s. Blanching for 60 s eliminated approximately 6 log cfu/g of inoculated E. coli and Listeria from in‐pod edamame. Adequate processing ensures the microbial quality and safety of frozen edamame.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFrozen “edamame” has the potential to be produced with microbial quality acceptable for direct consumption. However, current products may contain harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes; thus, thorough reheating is required for consumer safety. Strict sanitation and effective blanching practices are critical in assuring microbial quality and safety of frozen edamame. Data reported for the first time from this current study could be used to inform frozen edamame producers and consumers of the potentially associated microbial hazards and adequate means for food protection.
Prescription writing skills of residents in a family practice residency programme in Bahrain
Authors: Khaja K A J Al , Sequeira R P , Al-Ansari T M , Damanhori A H H 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Purpose of the study
To evaluate the prescription writing skill of final year residents in a family practice residency programme (FPRP) in Bahrain, and to compare skill of residents who have graduated from medical schools with problem based learning (PBL) versus traditional (non-PBL) curricula.

Study design
Prescriptions issued by the residents were prospectively collected for two consecutive cohorts in May 2004 and May 2005. Prescription errors were classified as errors of omission (minor and major), commission (incorrect information) and integration (drug–drug interactions).

Results
In 69.6% of medications with major omission errors, dosage form (39.4%) and length of treatment (18.5%) were not specified. In 24.7% of medications with commission errors, dosing frequency (19.9%) and incorrect strength/dose (2.2%) were the most common errors. Integration errors comprised 5.7% of all prescribing errors. No significant differences were observed between PBL and non-PBL graduates with regard to the total number of prescriptions with errors, drugs per prescription, polypharmacy, and the total number of drugs with errors. The proportion of prescriptions with a potential for drug–drug interactions was comparable between PBL and non-PBL graduates. PBL graduates prescribed medications using brand names at a rate greater than non-PBL, whereas non-PBL graduates prescribed medications on inappropriate “as required” basis, and injections at a rate greater than PBL residents.

Conclusions
Prescription writing skill of the final year residents in an FPRP programme was suboptimal for both PBL and non-PBL graduates. Integration of prescription writing skill and a rational pharmacotherapeutic programme into the FPRP curriculum is recommended.
Prognostic significance of genotyping Helicobacter pylori infection in patients in younger age groups with gastric cancer
Authors: Tiwari S K , Manoj G , Kumar G Vasanth , Sivaram G , Hassan S I , Prabhakar B , Devi U , Jalaluddin S , Kumar K , Ahmed S , Abid Z , Habeeb M A , Khan A A , Habibullah C M 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Malignant tumours of the stomach are common, but the incidence of stomach cancer varies from country to country, probably a result of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Stomach cancer often occurs in older people whose stomachs produce only small quantities of acid. Although infection with Helicobacter pylori has been proven beyond doubt in the aetiopathogenesis of various gastric disorders, not much is known about the genotypes of H pylori infection in early-onset gastric cancer.

Aim
To ascertain the genotypes of H pylori in gastric cancer.

Methods
Ninety-two patients were separated into three groups on the basis of their endoscopic findings: group 1, gastric cancer; group 2, gastric ulcer; group 3, non-ulcer dyspepsia. Gastric biopsy specimens were obtained for culture and DNA isolation; additional specimens were taken from subjects with gastric cancer for histopathological analysis. Amplification was performed using specific oligonucleotide primers to obtain genotypic data. Four samples from each group were randomly selected for sequence analysis.

Results
Genotypic analysis showed cagT+ve/hrgA+ve/cagA+ve/cagE+ve/vacAs1+ve to be highly prevalent in 79% of cases of H pylori infection. This genotype was found in 88% of subjects in group 1 and 78% in group 2. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma was found in 35 subjects (83%), 32 (9%) of which harboured this genotype. Sequence analysis showed no significant strain-specific variations.

Conclusions
Certain genotypes of H pylori have higher predictive value for the development of intestinal-type carcinoma at an early age. Genotyping of H pylori may well be a useful tool for screening people at increased risk of developing malignancy.
Drug interaction with anti-mycobacterial treatment as a cause of clopidogrel resistance
Authors: Srinivasan M , Smith D 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The case is reported of a patient presenting with recurrent acute myocardial infarction due to stent thrombosis resulting from possible clopidogrel resistance caused by interaction between clopidogrel and anti-tuberculosis drugs. A brief overview of drug interaction as a risk factor for clopidogrel resistance is given.
Developmental morphology of the flower of Anthurium jenmanii: a new element in our understanding of basal Araceae
Authors: Barabé Denis , Lacroix Christian 
Published: April 2008

The early stages of development of the inflorescence of Anthurium jenmanii Engl. were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The inflorescence of A. jenmanii consists of more than 100 flowers arranged in recognizable spirals. Each flower has four broad tepals enclosing four stamens that are not visible prior to anthesis. The gynoecium consists of two carpels. The floral primordia are first initiated on the lower portion of the inflorescence, they then increase in size and appear as transversely extended bulges. The two lateral tepals are the first organs to be initiated, followed shortly thereafter by the two median tepals. The two lateral stamens are initiated first, directly opposite the lateral tepals, and are followed by two median stamens initiated directly opposite the median tepals. A two-lobed stigma is clearly visible during the early stages of development of the gynoecium. On some of the young inflorescences, all floral parts were covered by extracellular calcium oxalate crystals. The release of these prismatic crystals occurs before the stamens and petals have reached maturity. The mode of floral development observed in Anthurium has similarities with that reported for Gymnostachys . However, contrary to Gymnostachys, the development of the flower of A. jenmanii is not unidirectional.
Parallel patterns of clinal variation inSolidago altissimain its native range in central USA and its invasive range in Japan
Authors: Etterson Julie R. , Delf Daniel E. , Craig Timothy P. , Ando Yoshino , Ohgushi Takayuki 
Published: April 2008

The ability of exotic species to proliferate and expand their range may hinge critically upon their potential for adaptive evolution. The finding of parallel patterns of genetically based clinal variation in native and non-native ranges across similar environmental gradients supports the hypothesis that adaptive evolution has played a role in establishment and spread. In this common garden study, we compared patterns of phenotypic variation among 12 populations of Solidago altissima L. that were sampled across similar latitudes in the native range in central USA (25°N–43°N) and across its invasive range in Japan (26°N–43°N). Significant clinal variation in phenotype corresponding to latitude was found among US and Japanese populations for height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, and stomatal guard-cell size. Only the slope of leaf width differed significantly between the native and invasive range, and the slope was significantly steeper in Japan. These results indicate that patterns of selection across latitude are similar in these two countries. We suggest that populations of S. altissima have rapidly differentiated in response to the cline in selection in Japan, possibly by the sorting of lineages from multiple introductions, and this has contributed to their success as an exotic invader.
‘Frame Dominance’ and the SerialOrganization of Babbling, and First Words in Korean-Learning Infants
Authors: Lee Soyoung , Davis Barbara L. , MacNeilage Peter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractKorean-learning infant patterns in babbling and single words were compared with those of English-learning infants and with Korean adult-directed and infantdirected speech to evaluate the roles of intrinsic production constraints proposed by the frame dominance hypothesis versus early learning mechanisms based on input regularities. Intrasyllabic patterns in babbling of Korean-learning infants were like those of English-learning infants. These patterns were not present in Korean infant-directed speech, providing evidence for the assertion that they are intrinsic to infants, and not triggered by input. Unlike English-learning infants, however, Korean-learning infants did not show the expected intrasyllabic patterns in their first words, suggesting that the intrinsic constraints can be overcome in first words if they conflict with ambient speech patterns as they do in Korean. Intersyllabic patterns of Korean-learning infants were mostly similar to those of English-learning infants, showing preferences for consonant manner and vowel height variegation in babbling though only a vowel variegation preference in words. Some implications of the results for generative phonology are considered.