bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Mortality of Streptococcal Bacteremia and the Role of Infectious Diseases Consultation: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fourre Nicolas , Zimmermann Virgile , Senn Laurence , Aruanno Marion , Guery Benoit , Papadimitriou-Olivgeris Matthaios 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Streptococcal bacteremia is associated with high mortality. Thia study aims to identify predictors of mortality among patients with streptococcal bacteremia.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted at the Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland, and included episodes of streptococcal bacteremia among adult patients from 2015 to 2023.

Results
During the study period, 861 episodes of streptococcal bacteremia were included. The majority of episodes were categorized in the Mitis group (348 episodes; 40%), followed by the Pyogenic group (215; 25%). Endocarditis was the most common source of bacteremia (164; 19%). The overall 14-day mortality rate was 8% (65 episodes). The results from the Cox multivariable regression model showed that a Charlson comorbidity index &gt;4 (P .001; hazard ratio [HR], 2.87; confidence interval [CI]: 1.58–5.22), Streptococcus pyogenes (P = .011; HR, 2.54;CI: 1.24–5.21), sepsis (P &lt; .001; HR, 7.48; CI: 3.86–14.47), lower respiratory tract infection (P = .002; HR, 2.62; CI: 1.42–4.81), and absence of source control interventions within 48 hours despite being warranted (P = .002; HR, 2.62; CI: 1.43–4.80) were associated with 14-day mortality. Conversely, interventions performed within 48 hours of bacteremia onset, such as infectious diseases consultation (P &lt; .001; HR, 0.29; CI: .17–.48) and appropriate antimicrobial treatment (P &lt; .001; HR, .28; CI: .14–.57), were associated with improved outcome.

Conclusions
Our findings underscore the pivotal role of infectious diseases consultation in guiding antimicrobial treatment and recommending source control interventions for patients with streptococcal bacteremia.
Predictors of textbook outcome following oesophagogastric cancer surgery
Authors: Velayudham Ganesh K , Dermanis Alexander , Kamarajah Sivesh K , Griffiths Ewen A 
Published: March 2024

Summary
Textbook outcome (TO) is a composite measure representing an ideal perioperative course, which has been utilized to assess the quality of care in oesophagogastric cancer (OGC) surgery. We aim to determine TO rates among OGC patients in a UK tertiary center, investigate predictors of TO attainment, and evaluate the relationship between TO and survival. A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected departmental database between 2006 and 2021 was conducted. Patients that underwent radical OGC surgery with curative intent were included. TO attainment required margin-negative resection, adequate lymphadenectomy, uncomplicated postoperative course, and no hospital readmission. Predictors of TO were investigated using multivariable logistic regression. The association between TO and survival was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression modeling. In sum, 667 esophageal cancer and 312 gastric cancer patients were included. TO was achieved in 35.1% of esophagectomy patients and 51.3% of gastrectomy patients. Several factors were independently associated with a low likelihood of TO attainment: T3 stage (odds ratio (OR): 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.22–0.79], p = 0.008) and T4 stage (OR:0.26, 95% CI [0.08–0.72], p = 0.013) in the esophagectomy cohort and high BMI (OR:0.93, 95% CI [0.88–0.98], p = 0.011) in the gastrectomy cohort. TO attainment was associated with greater overall survival and recurrence-free survival in esophagectomy and gastrectomy cohorts. TO is a relevant quality metric that can be utilized to compare surgical performance between centers and investigate patients at risk of TO failure. Enhancement of preoperative care measures can improve TO rates and, subsequently, long-term survival.
VvWRKY5 positively regulates wounding-induced anthocyanin accumulation in grape by interplaying with VvMYBA1 and promoting jasmonic acid biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Chen Cui , Jiang Changyue , Lin Hong , Zhao Yuhui , Guo Yinshan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Wounding stress induces the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites in plants, including anthocyanin. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we reported that a transcription factor, VvWRKY5, promotes wounding-induced anthocyanin accumulation in grape (Vitis vinifera). Biochemical and molecular analyses demonstrated that wounding stress significantly increased anthocyanin content, and VvMYBA1 plays an essential role in this process. VvWRKY5 could interact with VvMYBA1 and amplify the activation effect of VvMYBA1 on its target gene VvUFGT. The transcript level of VvWRKY5 was notably induced by wounding treatment. Moreover, our data demonstrated that VvWRKY5 could promote the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA), a phytohormone that acts as a positive modulator in anthocyanin accumulation, by directly binding to the W-box element in the promoter of the JA biosynthesis-related gene VvLOX and enhancing its activities, and this activation was greatly enhanced by the VvWRKY5-VvMYBA1 protein complex. Collectively, our findings show that VvWRKY5 plays crucial roles in wounding-induced anthocyanin synthesis in grape and elucidates the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of wounding-induced anthocyanin accumulation.
Regulation of morphogenesis and pathogenicity by OsMep2, OsCph1, and OsPes1 in dimorphic entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae)
Authors: Liu Guiqing , Zheng Xuehong , Cao Li , Han Richou 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Polarized growth plays a key role in all domains of their biology, including morphogenesis and pathogenicity of filamentous fungi. However, little information is available about the determinants of polarized growth. The fungal Mep2, Pes1, and Cph1 proteins were identified to be involved in the dimorphic transition between yeast and hyphal forms in Candida albicans. In this study, evidence that the dimorphic fungal entomopathogen Ophiocordyceps sinensis Mep2, Pes1, and Cph1 proteins are involved in polarized growth is presented. OsMep2 was significantly upregulated at aerial hyphae and conidia germination stages. OsCph1 was significantly upregulated at aerial hyphae, conidia initiation, and conidia germination stages, and OsPes1 was significantly upregulated at the conidia germination stage. Deletions of OsMep2, OsCph1, and OsPes1 provoked defects in the polarized growth. The abilities of hyphal formation and the yields of blastospores and conidia for the ∆ OsMep2, ∆OsCph1, and ∆ OsPes1 mutants were significantly reduced. The conidia yields of the ΔOsMep2, ΔOsCph1, and ΔOsPes1 mutants were decreased by 69.17%, 60.90%, and 75.82%, respectively. Moreover, the pathogenicity of the ∆ OsMep2, ∆OsCph1, and ∆ OsPes1 mutants against Thitarodes xiaojinensis was significantly reduced. The mummification rate caused by wide type and ΔOsMep2, ΔOsCph1, and ΔOsPes1 mutants were 36.98% ± 8.52%, 0.31% ± 0.63%, 1.15% ± 1.57%, and 19.69% ± 5.6%, respectively. These results indicated that OsMep2, OsCph1, and OsPes1 are involved in the regulation of hyphal formation, sporulation, and pathogenicity of O. sinensis. This study provided a basis for the understanding of the fungal dimorphic development and improving the efficiency of artificial cultivation of O. sinensis.
A direct approach to civic formation that preserves the spirit of pure liberal education
Authors: Love Christopher William 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
According to one historic view of liberal education, such education is incompatible with the express pursuit of civic goods. Call that view ‘pure liberal education’. Students engaged in pure liberal education are set free, temporarily, from utilitarian concerns, for a course of study aimed at intrinsic goods—most notably knowledge but also the formation of a virtuous mind. Proponents claim that a direct pursuit of civic goods would compromise the mode, matter, and/or integrity of pure liberal education—that is, its freedom from utilitarian concern, its wide-ranging and intrinsically valuable subject matter, and its commitment to following the truth wherever it leads. In reply, I offer a pedagogy that requires (almost) no departure from the pure liberal ideal yet which reserves a modest, though important, place for civic formation. That place emerges from the fact that academic and civic life ‘overlap’ in an important respect: both involve a conversation and thus a common set of virtues. The latter consist in those practices and dispositions that enable the conversation to go well, by encouraging mutual understanding and the formation of true beliefs. The existence of this overlap provides a way for pure liberal educators, who already expressly influence their students’ academic formation, to likewise influence their civic formation. It consists in teachers consciously developing those virtues in their students, along with an awareness of the virtues’ relevance for civic life. This pedagogy retains the matter and integrity of pure liberal education, with only brief introductions of the practical mode.
Multi-Stimuli Operando Transmission Electron Microscopy for Two-Terminal Oxide-Based Devices
Authors: Recalde-Benitez Oscar , Pivak Yevheniy , Winkler Robert , Jiang Tianshu , Adabifiroozjaei Esmaeil , Perez-Garza H Hugo , Molina-Luna Leopoldo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The integration of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based chips for in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has emerged as a highly promising technique in the study of nanoelectronic devices within their operational parameters. This innovative approach facilitates the comprehensive exploration of electrical properties resulting from the simultaneous exposure of these devices to a diverse range of stimuli. However, the control of each individual stimulus within the confined environment of an electron microscope is challenging. In this study, we present novel findings on the effect of a multi-stimuli application on the electrical performance of TEM lamella devices. To approximate the leakage current measurements of macroscale electronic devices in TEM lamellae, we have developed a postfocused ion beam (FIB) healing technique. This technique combines dedicated MEMS-based chips and in situ TEM gas cells, enabling biasing experiments under environmental conditions. Notably, our observations reveal a reoxidation process that leads to a decrease in leakage current for SrTiO3-based memristors and BaSrTiO3-based tunable capacitor devices following ion and electron bombardment in oxygen-rich environments. These findings represent a significant step toward the realization of multi-stimuli TEM experiments on metal–insulator–metal devices, offering the potential for further exploration and a deeper understanding of their intricate behavior.
Shigella Detection and Molecular Serotyping With a Customized TaqMan Array Card in the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH): Shigella Surveillance Study
Authors: Liu Jie , Garcia Bardales Paul F , Islam Kamrul , Jarju Sheikh , Juma Jane , Mhango Chimwemwe , Naumanga Queen , Qureshi Sonia , Sonye Catherine , Ahmed Naveed , Aziz Fatima , Bhuiyan Md Taufiqur Rahman , Charles Mary , Cunliffe Nigel A , Abdou Mahamadou , Galagan Sean R , Gitteh Ensa , Guindo Ibrehima , Jahangir Hossain M , Jabang Abdoulie M J , Jere Khuzwayo C , Kawonga Flywell , Keita Mariama , Keita Noumou Yakhouba , Kotloff Karen L , Shapiama Lopez Wagner V , Munga Stephen , Paredes Olortegui Maribel , Omore Richard , Pavlinac Patricia B , Qadri Firdausi , Qamar Farah Naz , Azadul Alam Raz S M , Riziki Laura , Schiaffino Francesca , Stroup Suzanne , Traore Sarata Nassoun , Pinedo Vasquez Tackeshy , Yousafzai Mohammad Tahir , Antonio Martin , Cornick Jennifer E , Kabir Furqan , Khanam Farhana , Kosek Margaret N , Ochieng John Benjamin , Platts-Mills James A , Tennant Sharon M , Houpt Eric R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting ipaH has been proven to be highly efficient in detecting Shigella in clinical samples compared to culture-based methods, which underestimate Shigella burden by 2- to 3-fold. qPCR assays have also been developed for Shigella speciation and serotyping, which is critical for both vaccine development and evaluation.

Methods
The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study will utilize a customized real-time PCR–based TaqMan Array Card (TAC) interrogating 82 targets, for the detection and differentiation of Shigella spp, Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri serotypes, other diarrhea-associated enteropathogens, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Total nucleic acid will be extracted from rectal swabs or stool samples, and assayed on TAC. Quantitative analysis will be performed to determine the likely attribution of Shigella and other particular etiologies of diarrhea using the quantification cycle cutoffs derived from previous studies. The qPCR results will be compared to conventional culture, serotyping, and phenotypic susceptibility approaches in EFGH.

Conclusions
TAC enables simultaneous detection of diarrheal etiologies, the principal pathogen subtypes, and AMR genes. The high sensitivity of the assay enables more accurate estimation of Shigella-attributed disease burden, which is critical to informing policy and in the design of future clinical trials.
A case of paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria complicated by latent syphilis
Authors: Hirata Tsuyoshi , Kubota Naoko , Fukushima Kazuaki , Takami Erika , Kato Tsuyoshi , Okamoto Tomomi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
An 80-year-old man presented in December with the main complaint of jaundice. Blood tests revealed hemolytic anemia and renal dysfunction. Positive syphilis serology results led to a diagnosis of untreated latent syphilis. A positive direct Coombs test led to a diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Antibiotics were started for the syphilis, with improvement in the anemia and renal dysfunction observed. However, paroxysmal intravascular hemolysis occurred after his discharge. Based on a positive Donath-Landsteiner (D-L) test, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) diagnosis was made. The hemolytic anemia improved after further treatment for syphilis, and further avoiding exposure to cold.
Moth eaten alopecia as the only manifestation of syphilis: a case from Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Amrita , Kusha K C , Baral Abal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a case of Moth-Eaten Alopecia as the only clinical manifestation of secondary syphilis in a 28-year-old man from Nepal. The patient exhibited progressive hair loss in the occipitoparietal region without associated pain or itching. With a positive Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test (1:256), the patient received a three-week course of Benzathine Penicillin G, resulting in complete hair regrowth within four months. This case underscores the significance of recognizing moth eaten alopecia as a potential dermatological sign of secondary syphilis, especially when it appears as the sole clinical symptom.
Secondary syphilis presenting with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION)
Authors: AlKhayal Fares A , Albusair Moath K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum. Syphilis is a significant public health issue, notably in (HIV) positive patients. Due to the absence of pathognomonic signs in secondary syphilis and its ability to present and mimic a wide variety of clinical findings, it gained the name “the Great imitator ‘(mimicker).’ Herein, we describe a case of a 51-year-old man who presented with acute painless loss of vision of the right eye preceded by a few erythematous plaques with thick scales over bilateral legs and multiple discrete and confluent scaly papules over the palms and soles. During the hospital stay, a diagnosis of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) as a manifestation of neurosyphilis is made. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of NAION as the presenting symptom of neurosyphilis in secondary syphilis in an immunocompetent patient.
Noninvoluting congenital hemangiomas with hypovolemic shock, anemia and prolonged jaundice in a neonate: a case report
Authors: Aslamzai Mansoor , Hakimi Turyalai , Mushoud Mesbahullah , Mukhlis Abdul Hakim 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Noninvoluting congenital hemangioma is an extremely rare congenital anomaly in newborn babies and may complicate life-threatening events, including hemorrhage. We present a very rare case of noninvoluting congenital hemangiomas in an Asian and Afghan six-day-old girl that was detected at birth. The noninvoluting congenital hemangiomas were accompanied by hypovolemic shock, anemia, and prolonged jaundice during the first two weeks of life. These diseases were diagnosed by medical history, physical examination, blood analysis, and doppler ultrasonography of the skin lesions. Her hypovolemic shock and hemorrhage were improved after supportive treatment, and she was discharged from the hospital in a good condition. After four weeks of life, the hemangiomas did not regress or progress, suggesting noninvoluting congenital hemangiomas. Hemangioma may complicate severe hemorrhage and shock, as well as there may be an association between congenital hemangioma and prolonged neonatal jaundice.
Service User Representation in Qualitative Research on Cognitive Health and Related Interventions for Psychosis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gonzales Lauren , Jones Nev 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Cognitive health in schizophrenia spectrum psychosis has received substantial empirical attention in recent decades, coinciding with the development and implementation of interventions including cognitive remediation. Subjective experience in psychosis, including qualitative explorations of service user perspectives, has also proliferated; however, there is no available synthesis of service user representation in the psychosis cognitive health literature. This scoping review investigated prevalence and characteristics of qualitative research reporting service user perspectives across the extant research on cognitive health and related interventions in psychosis.

Study Design
We conducted a literature search on qualitative methods in cognitive health and/or related interventions across PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo databases. The review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping reviews and identified 23 papers. Data extraction included study design and sample characteristics, qualitative methodology, and reporting.

Study Results
Of 23 articles, 18 reported on user experiences of interventions, most often in the context of feasibility/acceptability for otherwise quantitative trials. Five studies described service user experiences of cognitive health separately from interventions. Only 3 included any service user involvement or participatory methods. Twenty articles reported any demographic characteristics, and fewer than half (11) reported any racial or ethnic sample characteristics. There was substantial variability in qualitative methodology and reporting across studies.

Conclusions
Qualitative methodology is lacking in its representation and rigor across the cognitive health literature for schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. Additional inclusion of service user lived experience is critical for future research to better characterize cognitive health and inform interventions to promote recovery.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor differentially modulates the expression profile of antibody isotypes in a human B-cell line
Authors: Bhakta-Yadav Mili S , Burra Kaulini , Alhamdan Nasser , Allex-Buckner Clayton P , Sulentic Courtney E W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent environmental contaminant and high affinity ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In animal models, AhR activation by TCDD generally inhibits antibody secretion. However, it is less clear if this translates to human antibody production. Using a human Burkitt lymphoma B-cell line (CL-01) that can be stimulated to secrete Ig and undergo class switch recombination to other Ig isotypes, the current study evaluated the effects of AhR activation or antagonism on the human Ig isotypic expression profile with CD40L+IL-4 stimulation. Our results suggest that AhR agonists (TCDD and indirubin) have little to no effect on IgM or IgA secretion, which were also not induced with stimulation. However, AhR activation significantly inhibited stimulation-induced IgG secretion, an effect reversed by the AhR antagonist CH223191. Evaluation of Ig heavy chain (IgH) constant region gene expression (ie Cμ, Cγ1-4, Cα1-2, and Cε that encode for IgM, IgG1-4, IgA1-2, and IgE, respectively) demonstrated differential effects. While Cμ and Cα2 transcripts were unaffected by stimulation or AhR agonists, AhR activation significantly inhibited stimulation-induced Cγ2-4 and Cε mRNA transcripts, which was reversed by AhR antagonism. Notably, AhR antagonism in the absence of exogenous AhR ligands significantly increased IgG and IgA secretion as well as the expression of Cγ2-4 and Cε. These results suggest that modulation of AhR activity differentially alters the IgH isotypic expression profile and antibody secretion that may be partly dependent on cellular stimulation. Since a variety of chemicals from anthropogenic, industrial, pharmaceutical, dietary, and bacterial sources bind the AhR, the ability of environmental exposures to alter AhR activity (i.e. activate or inhibit) may have a direct influence on immune function and antibody-relevant disease conditions.
Unraveling the genetic link: an umbrella review on HLA-B*15:02 and antiepileptic drug-induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Tham Kar Mun , Yek Jacklyn Jia Lin , Liu Christopher Wei Yang 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
This umbrella review was conducted to summarize the association between HLA*1502 allele with antiepileptic induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).

Methods

Pubmed, Scopus and EMBASE were searched for eligible reviews in May 2023. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts and assessed full-text reviews for eligibility. The quality of meta-analyses and case–control studies was appraised with Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, respectively. Narrative summaries of each antiepileptic drug were analyzed. Preestablished protocol was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews Registry(ID: CRD42023403957).

Results
Included studies are systematic reviews, meta-analyses and case–control studies evaluating the association of HLA-B*1502 allele with the following antiepileptics. Seven meta-analyses for carbamazepine, three meta-analyses for lamotrigine (LTG), three case–control studies for oxcarbazepine, nine case–control studies for phenytoin and four case–control studies for phenobarbitone were included. The findings of this umbrella review suggest that there is a strong association between HLA-B-1502 with SJS/TEN for carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine and a milder association for lamotrigine and phenytoin.

Conclusion
In summary, although HLA-B*1502 is less likely to be associated with phenytoin or lamotrigine-induced SJS/TEN compared to carbamazepine-induced SJS/TEN, it is a significant risk factor that if carefully screened, could potentially reduce the development of SJS/TEN. In view of potential morbidity and mortality, HLA-B*1502 testing may be beneficial in patients who are initiating lamotrigine/phenytoin therapy. However, further studies are required to examine the association of other alleles with the development of SJS/TEN and to explore the possibility of genome-wide association studies before initiation of treatment.