bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seawater Intrusion at the Grounding Line of Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland, From Terrestrial Radar Interferometry
Authors: Kim Jae Hun , Rignot Eric , Holland David , Holland Denise 
Published: March 2024

AbstractJakobshavn Isbræ, a major outlet glacier in Greenland, lost its protective ice shelf in 2002 and has been speeding up and retreating since. We image its grounding line for the first time with a terrestrial radar interferometer deployed in 2016 and detect its migration at tidal frequencies. The southern half of the glacier develops a floating section (3 km × 3 km) that migrates in phase with the tidal difference, up to a distance of 2.8 km, far more than previously expected. We attribute the migration to kilometer‐scale seawater intrusions, 10–20 cm in height, with the tide. The intrusions reveal that the glacier bed may be up to 800 m deeper than expected on the south side, which illustrates that our knowledge of bed topography remains limited for this glacier. We expect seawater intrusions to cause rapid melt of basal ice and play a major role in the glacier evolution.
An Analytical Solution for Variable Viscosity Flow in Fractured Media: Development and Comparative Analysis With Numerical Simulations
Authors: Younes Anis , Rajabi Mohammad Mahdi , Rezaiezadeh Roukerd Fatemeh , Fahs Marwan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExplicit fracture models often use analytical solutions for predicting flow in fractured media, usually assuming uniform fluid viscosity for simplicity. This assumption, however, can be inaccurate as fluid viscosity varies due to factors like composition, temperature, and dissolved substances. Our study, recognizing these discrepancies, abandons this uniform viscosity assumption for a more realistic model of variable viscosity flow, focusing on viscous displacement scenarios. This includes instances like injecting viscous surfactants for hydrocarbon recovery in fractured reservoirs or soil decontamination. This presents a significant challenge, enhancing our understanding of transport within fractures, mainly governed by advection. Our study centers on a low‐permeability rock matrix intersected by two fractures with variable apertures. We employ two methods: an analytical approach with a new solution and numerical simulations with two distinct in‐house codes, discretizing both the rock matrix and fractures with two‐dimensional triangular elements. The first code uses a Discontinuous Galerkin finite element method, while the second utilizes a finite‐volume method, allowing a comprehensive comparison of solutions. Additionally, we investigate parameter identifiability, like fracture apertures and viscosity ratios, using breakthrough curves from our analytical solution, applying the Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique.
Marine Strontium Isotope Evolution at the Triassic‐Jurassic Transition Links Transient Changes in Continental Weathering to Volcanism of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province
Authors: Heszler Bernát , Katchinoff Joachim , Palcsu László , Horváth Anikó , Vallner Zsolt , Kovács Emma Blanka , Planavsky Noah , Pálfy József 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe end‐Triassic extinction (ETE) is one of the most severe biotic crises in the Phanerozoic. This event was synchronous with volcanism of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP), the ultimate cause of the extinction and related environmental perturbations. However, the continental weathering response to CAMP‐induced warming remains poorly constrained. Strontium isotope stratigraphy is a powerful correlation tool that can also provide insights into the changes in weathering regime, but the scarcity of 87Sr/86Sr data across the Triassic‐Jurassic boundary (TJB) hindered the use of this method. Here we present new high‐resolution 87Sr/86Sr data from bulk carbonates at Csővár, a continuous marine section that spans 2.5 Myrs across the TJB. We document a continuing decrease in 87Sr/86Sr ratio from the late Rhaetian to the ETE, terminated by a 300 kyr interval of a flat trend and followed by a transient increase in the early Hettangian that levels off. We suggest that the first in the series of perturbations is linked to the influx of non‐radiogenic Sr from the weathering of freshly erupted CAMP basalts, leading to a delay in the radiogenic continental weathering response. The subsequent rise in 87Sr/86Sr after the TJB is explained by intensified continental crustal weathering from elevated CO2 levels and reduced mantle‐derived Sr flux. Using Sr flux modeling, we also find support for such multiphase, prolonged continental weathering scenarios. Aggregating the new data set with published records employing an astrochronological age model results in a highly resolved Sr isotope reference curve for an 8.5 Myr interval around the TJB.
The potential of baicalin to enhance neuroprotection and mitochondrial function in a human neuronal cell model
Authors: Liu Zoe S. J. , Truong Trang T. T. , Bortolasci Chiara C. , Spolding Briana , Panizzutti Bruna , Swinton Courtney , Kim Jee Hyun , Hernández Damián , Kidnapillai Srisaiyini , Gray Laura , Berk Michael , Dean Olivia M. , Walder Ken 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBaicalin is a flavone glycoside derived from flowering plants belonging to the Scutellaria genus. Previous studies have reported baicalin’s anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in rodent models, indicating the potential of baicalin in neuropsychiatric disorders where alterations in numerous processes are observed. However, the extent of baicalin’s therapeutic effects remains undetermined in a human cell model, more specifically, neuronal cells to mimic the brain environment in vitro. As a proof of concept, we treated C8-B4 cells (murine cell model) with three different doses of baicalin (0.1, 1 and 5 μM) and vehicle control (DMSO) for 24 h after liposaccharide-induced inflammation and measured the levels of TNF-α in the medium by ELISA. NT2-N cells (human neuronal-like cell model) underwent identical baicalin treatment, followed by RNA extraction, genome-wide mRNA expression profiles and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). We also performed neurite outgrowth assays and mitochondrial flux bioanalysis (Seahorse) in NT2-N cells. We found that in C8-B4 cells, baicalin at ≥ 1 μM exhibited anti-inflammatory effects, lowering TNF-α levels in the cell culture media. In NT2-N cells, baicalin positively affected neurite outgrowth and transcriptionally up-regulated genes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the glycolysis pathway. Similarly, Seahorse analysis showed increased oxygen consumption rate in baicalin-treated NT2-N cells, an indicator of enhanced mitochondrial function. Together, our findings have confirmed the neuroprotective and mitochondria enhancing effects of baicalin in human-neuronal like cells. Given the increased prominence of mitochondrial mechanisms in diverse neuropsychiatric disorders and the paucity of mitochondrial therapeutics, this suggests the potential therapeutic application of baicalin in human neuropsychiatric disorders where these processes are altered.
RAPP-containing arrest peptides induce translational stalling by short circuiting the ribosomal peptidyltransferase activity
Authors: Morici Martino , Gabrielli Sara , Fujiwara Keigo , Paternoga Helge , Beckert Bertrand , Bock Lars V. , Chiba Shinobu , Wilson Daniel N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractArrest peptides containing RAPP (ArgAlaProPro) motifs have been discovered in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, where they are thought to regulate expression of important protein localization machinery components. Here we determine cryo-EM structures of ribosomes stalled on RAPP arrest motifs in both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Together with molecular dynamics simulations, our structures reveal that the RAPP motifs allow full accommodation of the A-site tRNA, but prevent the subsequent peptide bond from forming. Our data support a model where the RAP in the P-site interacts and stabilizes a single hydrogen atom on the Pro-tRNA in the A-site, thereby preventing an optimal geometry for the nucleophilic attack required for peptide bond formation to occur. This mechanism to short circuit the ribosomal peptidyltransferase activity is likely to operate for the majority of other RAPP-like arrest peptides found across diverse bacterial phylogenies.
Examining preharvest genetic and morphological factors contributing to lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) shelf-life
Authors: Chase Kathryn , Belisle Catherine , Ahlawat Yogesh , Yu Fahong , Sargent Steven , Sandoya Germán , Begcy Kevin , Liu Tie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLettuce is a highly perishable horticultural crop with a relatively short shelf-life that limits its commercial value and contributes to food waste. Postharvest senescence varies with influences of both environmental and genetic factors. From a larger pool of romaine lettuce genotypes, we identified three genotypes with variable shelf lives and evaluated their leaf morphology characteristics and transcriptomic profiles at preharvest to predict postharvest quality. Breeding line 60184 had the shortest shelf-life (SSL), cultivar ‘Manatee’ had an intermediate shelf-life (ISL), and ‘Okeechobee’ had the longest shelf-life (LSL). We observed significantly larger leaf lamina thickness and higher stomatal index in the SSL genotypes relative to the LSL cultivar. To identify molecular indicators of shelf-life, we used a transcriptional approach between two of the contrasting genotypes, breeding line 60184 and cultivar ‘Okeechobee’ at preharvest. We identified 552 upregulated and 315 downregulated differentially expressed genes between the genotypes, from which 27% of them had an Arabidopsis thaliana ortholog previously characterized as senescence associated genes (SAGs). Notably, we identified several SAGs including several related to jasmonate ZIM-domain jasmonic acid signaling, chlorophyll a–b binding, and cell wall modification including pectate lyases and expansins. This study presented an innovative approach for identifying preharvest molecular factors linked to postharvest traits for prolonged shelf.
Therapists and patients perceptions of a mixed reality system designed to improve trunk control and upper extremity function
Authors: Scheermesser M. , Baumgartner D. , Nast I. , Bansi J. , Kool J. , Bischof P. , Bauer C. M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA prototype system aimed at improving arm function and trunk control after stroke has been developed that combines mixed-reality (MR) feedback with a mobile seat system (Holoreach). The purpose of this study was to assess the usability of Holoreach in a rehabilitation setting from both the patient and therapist perspective. Ten therapists (eight physiotherapists and two occupational therapists) used the device in their regular therapy programs for fifteen stroke patients with trunk control issues. Each patient received four individual therapy sessions with the device performed under the supervision of the therapist. Therapists and patients kept therapy diaries and used customized questionnaires. At the end of the study two focus groups were conducted to further assess usability. Generally, the prototype system is suitable for training trunk and arm control. The therapists expressed overall positive views on the impact of Holoreach. They characterized it as new, motivating, fresh, joyful, interesting, and exciting. All therapists and 80% of the patients agreed with the statement that training with Holoreach is beneficial for rehabilitation. Nonetheless, improvements are required in the hardware and software, and design. The prototype system contributes at various levels to the rapidly evolving advances in neurorehabilitation, particularly regarding the practical aspect of exercise delivery.
Race and geography impact validity of maximum allowable standing height equations for para-athletes
Authors: Baum Brian S. , Man Constance 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWorld Athletics use maximum allowable standing height (MASH) equations for para-athletes with bilateral lower extremity amputations to estimate stature and limit prosthesis length since longer prostheses can provide running performance advantages. The equations were developed using a white Spanish population; however, validation for other races and geographical groups is limited. This study aimed to determine the validity of the MASH equations for Black and white Americans and whether bias errors between calculated and measured stature were similar between these populations. Sitting height, thigh length, upper arm length, forearm length, and arm span of 1899 male and 1127 female Black and white Americans from the Anthropometric Survey of US Army Personnel database were input into the 6 sex-specific MASH equations to enable comparisons of calculated and measured statures within and between Black and white groups. Two of 12 MASH equations validly calculated stature for Black Americans and 3 of 12 equations were valid for white Americans. Bias errors indicated greater underestimation or lesser overestimation of calculated statures in 10 equations for Black compared to white Americans and in 2 equations for white compared to Black Americans. This study illustrates that race and geography impact the validity of MASH equations.
STELA: a community-centred approach to norm elicitation for AI alignment
Authors: Bergman Stevie , Marchal Nahema , Mellor John , Mohamed Shakir , Gabriel Iason , Isaac William 
Published: March 2024

AbstractValue alignment, the process of ensuring that artificial intelligence (AI) systems are aligned with human values and goals, is a critical issue in AI research. Existing scholarship has mainly studied how to encode moral values into agents to guide their behaviour. Less attention has been given to the normative questions of whose values and norms AI systems should be aligned with, and how these choices should be made. To tackle these questions, this paper presents the STELA process (SocioTEchnical Language agent Alignment), a methodology resting on sociotechnical traditions of participatory, inclusive, and community-centred processes. For STELA, we conduct a series of deliberative discussions with four historically underrepresented groups in the United States in order to understand their diverse priorities and concerns when interacting with AI systems. The results of our research suggest that community-centred deliberation on the outputs of large language models is a valuable tool for eliciting latent normative perspectives directly from differently situated groups. In addition to having the potential to engender an inclusive process that is robust to the needs of communities, this methodology can provide rich contextual insights for AI alignment.
Enriched atlas of lncRNA and protein-coding genes for the GRCg7b chicken assembly and its functional annotation across 47 tissues
Authors: Degalez Fabien , Charles Mathieu , Foissac Sylvain , Zhou Haijuan , Guan Dailu , Fang Lingzhao , Klopp Christophe , Allain Coralie , Lagoutte Laetitia , Lecerf Frédéric , Acloque Hervé , Giuffra Elisabetta , Pitel Frédérique , Lagarrigue Sandrine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGene atlases for livestock are steadily improving thanks to new genome assemblies and new expression data improving the gene annotation. However, gene content varies across databases due to differences in RNA sequencing data and bioinformatics pipelines, especially for long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which have higher tissue and developmental specificity and are harder to consistently identify compared to protein coding genes (PCGs). As done previously in 2020 for chicken assemblies galgal5 and GRCg6a, we provide a new gene atlas, lncRNA-enriched, for the latest GRCg7b chicken assembly, integrating "NCBI RefSeq", "EMBL-EBI Ensembl/GENCODE" reference annotations and other resources such as FAANG and NONCODE. As a result, the number of PCGs increases from 18,022 (RefSeq) and 17,007 (Ensembl) to 24,102, and that of lncRNAs from 5789 (RefSeq) and 11,944 (Ensembl) to 44,428. Using 1400 public RNA-seq transcriptome representing 47 tissues, we provided expression evidence for 35,257 (79%) lncRNAs and 22,468 (93%) PCGs, supporting the relevance of this atlas. Further characterization including tissue-specificity, sex-differential expression and gene configurations are provided. We also identified conserved miRNA-hosting genes with human counterparts, suggesting common function. The annotated atlas is available at gega.sigenae.org
Decomposing rural-urban gap in unsafe disposal practice of child stool in India using nationwide sample survey data
Authors: Roy Avijit , Rahaman Margubur , Chouhan Pradip 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA significant rural–urban disparity in unsafe child stool disposal practices exists in India, yet existing research falls short in identifying the contributing factors to this gap. This study addresses the research gap by contextualizing the rural–urban divide in unsafe child stool disposal using data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019–21). In particular, the study examines the prevalence and predictors of unsafe disposal practices, exploring associated contributing factors to this gap. The study involves a sample of 78,074 women aged 15–49 with a living child under 2 years, without any missing data related to the study interest. Employing descriptive statistics, the Pearson chi-square test, multilevel logistic regression, and the Fairlie decomposition model, the research aims to fulfill its objectives. The rural–urban gap in unsafe child stool disposal practices among the study participants was 22.3 percentage points (pp), with a more pronounced gap among the Scheduled Tribes (ST). Notably, the gap was particularly wide in Madhya Pradesh (33.9 pp), Telangana (27.5 pp), Gujarat (26.1 pp), and Rajasthan (25.8 pp). Predictors such as mother’s education, mass media exposure, household wealth quintile, and sanitation facilities proved significant irrespective of residence. However, religion, social group, and water facility on household premises emerged as significant factors in rural areas only. The study identified that 67% of the explained gap in unsafe child stool disposal practices was attributed to the rural–urban difference in household wealth. Other noteworthy contributors were ‘household sanitation facility’ (21.3%), ‘mother’s education level’ (3.9%), and ‘water facility on household premises’ (3.9%). These findings underscore the need for population and area-specific policy interventions, especially for individuals from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds, those with lower education levels, and limited exposure to mass media, particularly in states with a high prevalence of unsafe disposal practices. Such interventions are crucial to mitigating the existing rural–urban gap in unsafe child stool disposal practices.
Impact of using virtual avatars in educational videos on user experience
Authors: Zhang Ruyuan , Wu Qun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPopularization of knowledge is of considerable importance and necessity, and traditional knowledge popularization activities suffer from high cost and low acceptance, which affect their effectiveness and coverage. Applying virtual avatars to educational videos may be an effective way to solve the problem. This study investigates the impact of applying virtual avatars to educational videos on user experience. Constructed a model of the impact of user experience on educational videos with virtual avatars, collected data from the target population, and analyzed it empirically. The video quality and virtual avatar expressiveness dimensions of the influencing factors have a significant positive effect on the learning effect, emotional experience and user engagement dimensions of user experience; the content quality dimension of the influencing factors has a significant negative effect on the three dimensions of user experience. The video quality and virtual avatar expressiveness dimensions of the influencing factors have a significant positive effect on the learning effect, emotional experience and user engagement dimensions of user experience; the content quality dimension of the influencing factors has a significant negative effect on the three dimensions of user experience.
Impact of anemia requiring transfusion or erythropoiesis-stimulating agents on new-onset cardiovascular events and mortality after continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Jeon Junseok , Kang Danbee , Park Hyejeong , Lee Kyungho , Lee Jung Eun , Huh Wooseong , Cho Juhee , Jang Hye Ryoun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAnemia is common in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). We investigated the impact of anemia requiring red blood cell (RBC) transfusion or erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) on patient outcomes after hospital discharge in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring CRRT. In this retrospective cohort study using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database of South Korea, 10,923 adult patients who received CRRT for 3 days or more between 2010 and 2019 and discharged alive were included. Anemia was defined as the need for RBC transfusion or ESAs. Outcomes included cardiovascular events (CVEs) and all-cause mortality after discharge. The anemia group showed a tendency to be older with more females and had more comorbidities compared to the control group. Anemia was not associated with an increased risk of CVEs (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85–1.29), but was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (aHR: 1.41; 95% CI 1.30–1.53). For critically ill patients with AKI requiring CRRT, anemia, defined as requirement for RBC transfusion or ESAs, may increase the long-term risk of all-cause mortality.
Cerebellar state estimation enables resilient coupling across behavioural domains
Authors: Palacios Ensor Rafael , Chadderton Paul , Friston Karl , Houghton Conor 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCerebellar computations are necessary for fine behavioural control and may rely on internal models for estimation of behaviourally relevant states. Here, we propose that the central cerebellar function is to estimate how states interact with each other, and to use these estimates to coordinates extra-cerebellar neuronal dynamics underpinning a range of interconnected behaviours. To support this claim, we describe a cerebellar model for state estimation that includes state interactions, and link this model with the neuronal architecture and dynamics observed empirically. This is formalised using the free energy principle, which provides a dual perspective on a system in terms of both the dynamics of its physical—in this case neuronal—states, and the inferential process they entail. As a demonstration of this proposal, we simulate cerebellar-dependent synchronisation of whisking and respiration, which are known to be tightly coupled in rodents, as well as limb and tail coordination during locomotion. In summary, we propose that the ubiquitous involvement of the cerebellum in behaviour arises from its central role in precisely coupling behavioural domains.