bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fury of nature in Uttaranchal: Uttarkashi landslide of the year 2003
Authors: Pande Ravindra K. , Uniyal A. 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe study aims to highlight fundamental causes and effects of disasters in the northern district of Uttarkashi, which lies in the fragile mountains of Himalaya. Disasters such as the 1991 Uttarkashi Earthquake, the flash floods of the Bhagirathi river and the devastation caused by the Gyansu landslide are discussed.Design/methodology/approachThe following approach was used for this study: precise geographical location of the various landslides was marked through Global Positioning System Receiver (GPS); landslide types were identified based on activity (active or old) and debris flow slide and rock fall were marked based on the sliding material and slope condition; the land use/land cover pattern of Varunawat Parvat was also assessed; the vulnerability of population, houses and infrastructure etc. was listed; the condition of existing stability measures, e.g. check dams and drains, was assessed; and slide‐specific mitigation measures were suggested.FindingsThe Himalayan state of Uttaranchal has been witnessing the fury of nature for a long time. In recent years there has been an increase in the frequency of natural disasters. Earthquakes, landslides, cloudbursts and flash floods have caused great damage to life and property in various parts of the state. The Himalayan orogenic belt is tectonically active and subject to modifications by natural processes. Adding further to the fragility of this belt are the anthropogenic activities like the unplanned cutting of slope for construction activity, blasting of highly jointed rock mass for road construction and unplanned disposal of the slope cut debris material.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is based on the data/information collected during the monsoon season from 15 June to 15 September 2003. The period is short for developing any hypothesis but sufficient care has been taken to consider vital factors.Practical implicationsA calamity of rare severity requires a high level of recovery and management. Sound mitigation mechanism helps the Government and the community to tackle the problem immediately and efficiently.Originality/valueThe study highlights fundamental causes and effects of the landslide and suggests steps to overcome them.
Future perspective of school disaster education in Nepal
Authors: Shiwaku Koichi , Shaw Rajib , Chandra Kandel Ram , Narayan Shrestha Surya , Mani Dixit Amod 
Published: September 2007

PurposeOne of the most significant concerns of disaster management is that community at large is reluctant to initiate pre‐disaster measures at the individual level. Disaster education to schoolchildren offers the most vital answer to this grave concern. The objective of this study is to identify the factors which enhance students' awareness and promote the actual action for disaster reduction.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on a questionnaire survey in six selected schools of Kathmandu, Nepal. Different awareness levels have been established to identify effective educational factors at each level. The analysis showed the way to implement the education program.FindingsResults showed that current school disaster education – which is based on lectures – can raise risk perception, but it cannot enable students to know the importance of pre‐disaster measures and to take actual action for disaster reduction. Self‐education is effective for realizing the importance of implementing measures. Community plays the essential role for promoting students' actual actions for disaster reduction. Future disaster education in school should be active learning for students. Continuous community involvement is the most important factor for school disaster education.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses on the direction of disaster education for schoolchildren. Specific cases of the education should be customized, based on the results of this study.Practical implicationsThe study findings are of significant importance for school teachers or education department while designing the curriculum for disaster education.Originality/valueThe findings and recommendations are field‐tested in Nepal and hence offer higher possibilities of adaptation, particularly in developing countries.
Assessing the vulnerability of buildings
Authors: Kemp Roger L. 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to set forth a rigorous methodology for building owners and managers to conduct a vulnerability assessment of their facilities. Such a process would facilitate the use of remediation measures to limit the loss of life and property during a disaster, whether natural or man‐made.Design/methodology/approachThe author sets forth nine criteria to conduct a vulnerability assessment, along with a six‐point rating system. The criteria selected are: the level of visibility, the criticality of the site to the jurisdiction in which it is located, the impact of the site outside of the jurisdiction in which it is located, access to the site, size hazards, building height, type of construction, site population capacity, and the potential for collateral mass casualties. This evaluative process leads to five site vulnerability ratings, ranked as follows: negligible, low, medium, high, and critical.FindingsProperty owners and building managers can use this process to assess the vulnerability of their facilities and, based on this process and the resulting vulnerability rating, initiate common‐sense remediation measures to limit the loss of life and property, should a disaster occur.Research limitations/implicationsThe field of vulnerability assessment is a new discipline within the evolving subject of homeland security. Other methodologies will be needed in the future to determine the vulnerability of other public and private facilities, such as ports, airports, transportation centers, hospitals, colleges and universities, and other vital public and private facilities.Practical implicationsThis research provides a framework for future research on the topic of vulnerability assessments. Refinements and modifications can be made to the proposed methodology (both to the vulnerability assessment criteria and to the vulnerability ratings).Originality/valueThis paper provides original research and sets forth a new methodology for conducting vulnerability assessments of public and private buildings.
Cycling and health
Authors: Cavill Nick , Watkins Francine 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore views about cycling among members of identified community groups living near the Loop Line, a cycling and walking path in a deprived part of North Liverpool, UK.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a literature review, qualitative focus group research was conducted among six groups of children, single mothers and older people living near the Loop Line.FindingsThe paper finds that one of the strongest reported barriers to cycling for young boys was fear of bicycles being stolen – especially by a peer or someone known to the bike owner who asks to borrow the bike. The existence of high levels of crime and anti‐social behaviour near the Loop Line is creating an unhealthy environment by deterring local people from exercising in their local area. For young girls in North Liverpool cycling has significant image problems, with many saying that they simply would not consider cycling as a regular mode of transport. Organising led rides along the Loop Line may be a potential solution, as this might both help to encourage cycling and increase visibility of cyclists.Research limitations/implicationsBecause the research in this paper was conducted among a small self‐selected sample, it should be regarded as a pilot study. Results need to be verified with a larger sample drawn from a wider variety of community groups.Originality/valueThe study has important implications for agencies aiming to improve public health through cycling, and shows the need to consider the broader environmental and social determinants affecting health alongside more traditional health promotion approaches.
“Joined on rather than joined up?” Primary mental health work in Scottish schools
Authors: Huddart Paula 
Published: September 2007

PurposePrimary mental health workers have been based in West Lothian schools since 2003 to act as links between the community and hospital‐based services. The research programme this paper describes aimed to examine how this model worked and its impact for children and their families.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reports on interviews with secondary school staff, the link workers and comparative post‐holders. The research study was qualitative and the research question was “What is the perceived impact of Mental Health Link Workers in West Lothian schools?”.FindingsThe paper finds that Primary mental health workers felt that their main contribution was building capacity in the community to support children with mental health problems, and identified four strands to this: space, relationships, skills and containment. Two described direct access for children and their families as the main gain. Secondary school staff considered that the greatest impact was for children at the onset of mental illness, and their own knowledge and skills.Practical implicationsPrimary mental health work in the community is fairly new in Scotland. This study suggested that it speeded up and improved access to services for children in need of mental health assessments and services. It was based on temporary contracts and short‐term funding. Sustainability within schools may only take place when the work becomes well resourced.Originality/valueThe paper is a detailed look at the views of Primary Mental Health Workers based in schools and school staff.
Qualitative accounts of urban commuter cycling
Authors: McKenna J. , Whatling M. 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the live experiences of urban commuter cycling (UCC).Design/methodology/approachIn semi‐structured interviews, participants described day‐to‐day experiences of UCC in a single English city. Verbatim transcripts were coded using the themes of time, space, body and human relations, and interpreted through the principles of hermeneutic phenomenology.FindingsThe nine participants (seven males, two females) were aged 27 to 54. Each regularly commuted by bicycle at least three times per week for “18 months” to “27 years”. Strong influences on commuter cycling included the weather, daily tasks, cycling infrastructure, driver behaviour and the value of cycling for physical and mental well being. The contest for space was central to the UCC experience, with UCCs sensing they lacked respect despite feeling that they were “embodying citizenship” by enacting public policy. Due to their regular negative experiences, many UCCs were now willing to quit cycling and commute by car.Research limitations/implicationsFindings are limited to regular commuter cyclists and do little to describe the passage into regular cycling.Practical applicationsThis paper highlights that cycle promoters and health educators may profit from focusing on road user interactions during the rush hour.Originality/valueThis paper addresses the untold day‐to‐day experiences of UCCs.
Promoting healthy backs in schools: an evaluative study
Authors: Springett Angela G. , Wise Joyce E.M. 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of educating adolescents in practical ways of looking after their backs to reduce the incidence of back‐pain, with particular focus on the use and carrying method of ergonomically designed schoolbags.Design/methodology/approachAn educational leaflet containing a range of back care information was designed specifically for a target population group of Year 7 schoolchildren, aged 11 to 12 years, and distributed to Year 7 students (n=682) attending three main secondary education schools in West Sussex during September 2004. A feedback form was used to evaluate the impact of the leaflet on one class in each school (totaln=81).FindingsThe main findings in this paper indicated education had immediate positive impact on students' awareness of the importance of looking after their backs, and achieving positive back‐health. Information gained was likely to influence future choice of schoolbag type, and intention to change to more back‐health aware schoolbook and equipment carrying behaviours.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper shows that long‐term impact was not evaluated, and is a limitation of this study. Further research is required to evaluate the long‐term impact of education on back care in adolescents, and at which age optimum educational impact in this area is gained.Originality/valueThis paper contributes evidence, which could be used to inform national and international health agendas, focusing on the specific area of healthy back education for adolescents through a school‐based health promotion initiative.
Rapid structural design of drip irrigation emitters based on RP technology
Authors: Wei Zhengying , Tang Yiping , Zhao Wanhua , Lu Bingheng 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe paper aims to summarize the design theory for labyrinth channels of water saving emitters.Design/methodology/approachOn the basis of extracting the structural parameters of labyrinth channels in water saving emitters, the hydraulic performance experiments on the integral emitters fabricated with higher resolution rapid prototyping technology are performed. Then, using multivariable linear regression, formulas of pressure versus flow rate and regression plots for different emitters are induced.FindingsThe formulas of flow rate versus structural parameters are summarized based on the trapezoid‐type channel unit, and verified through experiments. The relationships between flow rate, pressure and structural parameters of channels are established.Research limitations/implicationsThe effect of emitter fabrication error on the flow rate is analyzed, which provides a basis for parameterized structural design and accuracy control in the fabrication of future emitters.Practical implicationsThe Q‐H‐n relationship equations are used to design emitters which have flow‐rate errors under both high‐ and low‐water pressure of less than 4 percent. So the Q‐H‐n relationship equation of the emitter is well proven and accurate which can guide the design for the structure of emitters with trapezoid labyrinth channels.Originality/valueIn this paper, a new stereolithography system has been used to fabricate accurately a drip irrigation emitter with a complex microstructure, which cannot be obtained with conventional RP or other manufacturing processes. Compared to other manufacturing process, this new technique has higher manufacturing accuracy and can reduce the manufacturing cost and time. Furthermore, a design theory for labyrinth channels of water saving emitters is established.
Fabrication of micro parts using nano composite deposition system
Authors: Chu Won‐Shik , Kim Sung‐Geun , Jung Woo‐Kyun , Kim Hyung‐Jung , Ahn Sung‐Hoon 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this research, is to develop a nano composite deposition system (NCDS) to fabricate three dimensional functional nano composite parts.Design/methodology/approachThe NCDS is a hybrid system in which material removal process by mechanical micro machining and/or the deposition process is combined.FindingsHybrid RP technology showed higher precision than those made by casting or deposition process. Tensile strength of the hydroxyapatite‐acrylic composite was about four times higher than that of resin‐only specimen while MWCNT composite did not show much improvement.Originality/valueThe paper illustrates new approaches for rapid prototyping techniques with various materials and high precision.
Adaptive screen printing for rapid manufacturing
Authors: Fouchal Farid , Dickens Phill 
Published: September 2007

PurposeTo develop a rapid manufacturing process for high‐volume free from fabrication of parts that is based on the high speed printing method which is screen printing. This technique will also be applied for printing in general.Design/methodology/approachThis method involves continuous change in a layer's pattern (negative image of the layer) according to a very thin slice of the object to be printed. Three adaptive screen printing methods are proposed as an alternative to two dimensional screen printing. A comparative analysis is conducted and the possibility of combining the method is proposed.FindingsEach of the three methods studied required further work as they all had major constraints. However, their combination may be the solution to the development of a rapid manufacturing process.Originality/valueThe originality is in the adaptive screen principle the screen being used will be capable to auto‐change the pattern of the layer to be printed instead of introducing a new stencil for every layer as in conventional screen printing.
Selective laser melting of heat transfer devices
Authors: Wong Matthew , Tsopanos Sozon , Sutcliffe Chris J. , Owen Ieuan 
Published: September 2007

PurposeTo fabricate and characterise novel heat sinks manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). The investigation explores features of SLM produced heat sinks that may be exploited to improve their heat transfer capability.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted on heat sinks manufactured from 316L stainless steel and aluminium 6061. The heat transfer devices' thermal and pressure drop performances were determined by experimental test.FindingsThe research demonstrates the performance enhancements that can be realised by using novel heat sink designs, fabricated by SLM, over conventional pin fin arrays. aluminium 6061 is used with the process to illustrate the improvement in heat transfer provided by higher conductivity feedstock materials.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the manufacturing technique is still in the development stage and the heat transfer devices that have so far been manufactured should not be considered optimal, the potential for creative new designs and applications is clear. This study highlights the need to develop the SLM process parameters to allow the repeatable production of heat transfer devices from higher conductivity metals with controllable surface finishes.Originality/valueThis paper outlines the design issues and performance of novel heat transfer devices fabricated using SLM. A new material, aluminium 6061, is introduced to the family of materials that can be processed with SLM and example heat sinks are tested.
Implications of solid freeform fabrication on acoustic absorbers
Authors: Godbold O.B. , Soar R.C. , Buswell R.A. 
Published: September 2007

PurposeLimitations in traditional manufacturing methods currently employed in the production of acoustic devices, restricts the development of design led performance improvements. These devices are used to control sound energy and are commonly employed for tailoring room acoustics. solid freeform fabrication allows the production of acoustic structures more complex than traditionally manufactured devices. This paper aims to focus on a novel absorber based on destructive interference, considering performance, design and manufacture.Design/methodology/approachSelective laser sintering has been used in the investigation of the performance and manufacturing possibilities and limitations of a novel destructive interference absorber. Validation of the absorber performance is benchmarked against a conventional resonant absorber and compared to published results. The implications for acoustic devise design, the advances and limitations in manufacture using solid freeform fabrication techniques and potential applications are discussed.FindingsAn original absorber design has been shown to exhibit comparable acoustic absorption to that of a traditional solution. The nature of the geometry of the novel absorber demonstrates that the design flexibility afforded by solid freeform fabrication processes holds potential for applications incorporating new types of acoustic absorber. The use of solid freeform fabrication has demonstrated its potential to the application of acoustics, and has highlighted limitations due to post‐processing, material strength and the precision of the selectivity process.Practical implicationsSolid freeform fabrication techniques enable a new family of specifically engineered acoustic absorbers capable of incorporating performance benefits over conventional absorbers.Originality/valueThis paper focuses on room acoustic applications, the creation of high performance, conformal absorbers, applicable to a wide range of applications within the aerospace, automotive and construction industries, where space, weight and performance are key criteria.
Optimizing the rapid prototyping process by integrating the Taguchi method with the Gray relational analysis
Authors: Chung Wang Che , Lin Ta‐Wei , Hu Shr‐Shiung 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe following research seeks to focus on optimizing the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process of RP systems.Design/methodology/approachEarly stages of this study are based on the Taguchi method in establishing rapid prototyping building factors and their various levels. The ultimate tensile strength, dimension accuracy and surface roughness (SR), are analyzed. Through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and contribution approximation, significant building factors of each quality characteristic and optimal factors level combinations of each best quality characteristic are obtained. The main steps are setting the weight for each quality characteristic of the previous Taguchi method, obtaining the estimated multiple building quality characteristics through integrating the Gray theory, and obtaining a set of optimal building factors. Finally, the result is verified by the Gray theory and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) evaluation method.FindingsIt is proven that optimal multiple quality characteristic combinations of building factors can be obtained by integrating the Gray theory and the Taguchi method. The result is further verified by the TOPSIS evaluation method, showing that the model can acquire multiple building quality characteristics of rapid prototyping.Research limitations/implicationsThe method is only applied to FDM in this paper but a similar approach could be applied to other RP systems.Practical implicationsRP system use is limited by low product strength, bad SR, and the high dimension errors. This research demonstrates how optimizing the FDM process can improve this situation.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper lies in optimizing the rapid prototyping process by integrating the Taguchi method with the Gray relational analysis.