bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban green space exposure is low and unequally distributed in an Amazonian metropolis
Authors: dos Santos Facundes Alessandra , Rodriguez Chuma Victor Juan Ulises , Mustin Karen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUrban green spaces are important for interactions between people and non-human nature, with their associated health and well-being impacts, although their distribution is often unequal. Here, we characterize the distribution of urban green spaces in Belém, the largest city in the Amazon Delta, and relate it to levels of human development and social vulnerability across the city; this is the first such analysis to be conducted for a Brazilian Amazon city. We first conducted a supervised maximum likelihood classification of images at 5–m spatial resolution taken in 2011 by the RapidEye satellites to map the distribution of green space across the urban part of the municipality of Belém. We then calculated two measures of urban green space at the level of human development units: the proportional cover of vegetation (Vegetation Cover Index; VCI) and the area of vegetation per person (Vegetation Cover per Inhabitant; VCPI), and we used hurdle models to relate them to two measures of socioeconomic status: the Social Vulnerability Index and the Human Development Index, as well as to demographic density. We find that VCI and VCPI are higher in more socially vulnerable areas. We explain how this pattern is driven by historical and ongoing processes of urbanization, consider access to urban green space and the benefits to human health and well-being and discuss equitable planning of urban green space management in the Amazon. We conclude that the assumption that urban greening will bring health benefits risks maintaining the status quo in terms of green exclusion and repeating historical injustices via displacement of socially vulnerable residents driven by demand for access to urban green spaces.
The politics of reciprocity: urban councils and intercity conflict management in Reval (Tallinn) and Lübeck, c. 1470–1570
Authors: Manger Christian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ties of trade, credit and family provided the basis for trading networks between Hanseatic towns. They also, however, contained the seed for conflicts over fraud, debt and inheritance. Such disputes between burghers of different Hanseatic cities presented municipal governments with the particular challenge to balance their role as Hanseatic partners with an obligation of externally representing their own burghers. Focusing on relations between the cities of Lübeck and Reval, this article explores the variety of diplomatic strategies and tactics which city councils employed to preserve the political and economic benefits of intercity co-operation.
The use of ketorolac may reduce opioid exposure in infants less than 6 months of age undergoing congenital heart surgery
Authors: Townsend Janae , Zaki Hania , Keesari Rohali , Maher Kevin , Hupp Susan , Branstetter Joshua W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectives:Pain management for infants undergoing cardiothoracic surgery primarily utilises opioid analgesics. There is a paucity of data available for the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications such as ketorolac in this patient population.Materials and Methods:This retrospective study evaluated patients between 30 days and 6 months undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. The primary endpoint evaluates ketorolac on reducing post-operative opioid use.Results:Of 243 evaluated patient, 145 met inclusion. Baseline demographics were similar amongst the cohorts. Patients administered ketorolac used less cumulative opiates, in morphine milligram equivalents, for post-op days (POD) 1–3 after surgery compared to patients not receiving ketorolac (9.47 versus 12.68; p = 0.002). The no-ketorolac group required more opiates on POD 1 (10.9 versus 5; p < 0.001) and POD 2 (4.2 versus 2.5; p = 0.006) with no difference found on POD 3 (2 versus 1.6; p = 0.2). There was a mean increase from baseline to highest serum creatinine level on POD 1–3 in the no-ketorolac group compared to the ketorolac group (0.15 versus 0.09 mg/dL; p < 0.014), with no difference in stage 1 or stage 2 acute kidney injury. There were no differences in average chest tube output in mL/kg/day (0.24 versus 0.32; p = 0.569) or need for transfusion (36% versus 24%; p = 0.125), respectively.Discussion:Scheduled administration of ketorolac after cardiothoracic surgery resulted in a significant reduction in opioid exposure, with no difference in rates of acute kidney injury or bleeding.
‘“I think” is the Sole Text of Rational Psychology’: Comments on Ian Proops’s The Fiery Test of Critique
Authors: Longuenesse Béatrice 
Published: April 2024

AbstractI focus on two main points in Ian Proops’s reading of Kant’s Paralogisms of Pure Reason: the structure of the paralogisms in the A edition of the Critique of Pure Reason, and the changes in Kant’s exposition of the paralogisms from A to B. I agree with Proops that there are defects in the A exposition and that Kant attempted to correct those defects in B. But I argue that Proops fails to give its due to what remains fundamental in both editions: Kant’s criticism of the rational psychologist’s confusion between the subjective (albeit universally subjective) standpoint thinkers have on themselves just in virtue of thinking, and the objective, metaphysical standpoint on a thinking thing. In short, Proops fails to give sufficient attention to Kant’s opening statement in the Paralogisms of Pure Reason: ‘“I think” is the sole text of rational psychology’.
Drought Propagation and Recovery Behaviors Across 407 Australian Catchments
Authors: Aryal Santosh K. , Zheng Hongxing , Zhang Yongqiang , Faiz M. A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA reliable understanding of linkages between meteorological, hydrological and agricultural droughts (MD, HD, and AD respectively) is crucial to building resilience and planning for future climate changes. Despite Australia being prone to severe droughts, lagtimes of propagation (and recovery), from meteorological to hydrological and agricultural droughts across its large hydroclimatic regions, are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigate the characteristics of drought propagation and recovery time lags for droughts of four timescales and a combination of drought onset and cessation criteria in 407 unregulated catchments within six major precipitation zones across the country. We find that the propagation and recovery lags depend on climatic conditions, drought criteria and timescales. The median of catchment average propagation times from MD to HD across Australia varied from 0.8 to 1.7 months for 1‐month timescales, increasing to 2.2–5.0 months for 12‐month timescales. The corresponding recovery lagtimes were 1.3–3.7 and 1.7–7.0 months respectively. Similarly, the median of catchment average propagation times from MD to AD ranged from 0.8 to 1.9 months for 1‐month timescales, increasing to 0.6–5.0 months for 12‐month. The corresponding recovery lagtimes were 0.7–2.8 and 0.3–8.7 months respectively. For droughts of smaller timescales, propagation and recovery lags are linearly correlated with recovery lagtimes consistently greater than propagation times. However, as the timescale increases, these relationships weaken suggesting effects of other catchment attributes (e.g., groundwater contributions) on lag relationships.
The Effect of the 18.6‐Year Lunar Nodal Cycle on Steric Sea Level Changes
Authors: Bult Sterre V. , Le Bars Dewi , Haigh Ivan D. , Gerkema Theo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe show that steric sea‐level varies with a period of 18.6 years along the western European coast. We hypothesize that this variation originates from the modulation of semidiurnal tides by the lunar nodal cycle and associated changes in ocean mixing. Accounting for the steric sea level changes in the upper 400 m of the ocean solves the discrepancy between the nodal cycle in mean sea level observed by tide gauges and the theoretical equilibrium nodal tide. Namely, by combining the equilibrium tide with the nodal modulation of steric sea level, we close the gap with the observations. This result supports earlier findings that the observed phase and amplitude of the 18.6‐year cycle do not always correspond to the equilibrium nodal tide.
Fast Tearing Mode Driven by Demagnetized Electrons
Authors: Tsareva Olga O. , Leonenko Makar V. , Grigorenko Elena E. , Malova Helmi V. , Popov Victor Yu. , Zelenyi Lev M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent MMS observations have discovered electron‐scale super‐thin current sheets (STCSs) with a partial electron demagnetization, which distinguishes them from the ion‐scale TCSs traditionally observed by the Cluster mission. Our investigation focuses on the dynamics of STCSs and reveals new aspects influencing their stability. We use the earlier proposed 1D collisionless self‐consistent equilibrium STCS model and show that the free parameters of this model, such as the relative part of demagnetized electrons, their flow velocity and the pressure anisotropy of magnetized electron population, can contribute to the development of tearing instability. With the growth of these parameters, the STCS becomes thinner, which leads to the accumulation excess of a free energy. Stabilizing energy decreases due to the increase of a relative part of demagnetized electrons. Thus, demagnetized electrons in STCSs can provide the development of fast and short‐wavelength electron tearing modes.
Direct Evidence of Drift‐Compressional Wave Generation in the Earth's Magnetosphere Detected by Arase
Authors: Yamamoto K. , Rubtsov A. V. , Kostarev D. V. , Mager P. N. , Klimushkin D. Yu. , Nosé M. , Matsuoka A. , Asamura K. , Miyoshi Y. , Yokota S. , Kasahara S. , Hori T. , Keika K. , Kasahara Y. , Kumamoto A. , Tsuchiya F. , Shoji M. , Nakamura S. , Shinohara I. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe present the first direct evidence of an in situ excitation of drift‐compressional waves driven by drift resonance with ring current protons in the magnetosphere. Compressional Pc4–5 waves with frequencies of 4–12 mHz were observed by the Arase satellite near the magnetic equator at L ∼ 6 in the evening sector on 19 November 2018. Estimated azimuthal wave numbers (m) ranged from −100 to −130. The observed frequency was consistent with that calculated using the drift‐compressional mode theory, whereas the plasma anisotropy was too small to excite the drift‐mirror mode. We discovered that the energy source of the wave was a drift resonance instability, which was generated by the negative radial gradient in a proton phase space density at 20–25 keV. This proton distribution is attributed to a temporal variation of the electric field, which formed the observed multiple‐nose structures of ring current protons.
Dynamics of Sputtered Neutral Sodium Atoms in the Near‐Mercury Space
Authors: Zhao J.‐T. , Zong Q.‐G. , Sun W.‐J. , Zhou X.‐Z. , Yue C. , Wang S. , Slavin J. A. , Raines J. M. , Wurz P. , Ip W.‐H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe solar wind sputtering in the magnetospheric polar cusp is an important source of heavy atoms in Mercury’s exosphere and magnetosphere. However, the majority of ejected atoms are neutral, undergoing an extended period before photoionization occurs. In this study, we employ an ab initio simulation to investigate the behavior of sodium (Na) atoms prior to their photoionization. Our results reveal that overall only approximately 2.7% of the sputtered atoms contribute to magnetospheric ions, while the vast majority of these ions (∼82.9%) escape into interplanetary space. The remaining fraction (14.4%) eventually returns to the planetary surface. For Na atoms ionized inside the magnetosphere, a larger proportion of Na+ (53.5%) is supplied to the magnetotail compared to the polar cusp (39.4%), which is due to the tailward acceleration caused by solar radiation. Additionally, the remaining Na+ (7.1%) contributes to the dayside ring current region, as demonstrated by the observation of the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft. Our research introduces a perspective on Na+ transport in the magnetosphere that complements and coexists with traditional mechanisms.
CALIPSO Observed Low Clouds Over the Subtropical Northeast Pacific: Summer Climatology and Interannual Variability
Authors: Liu Jing‐Wu , Yang Liu , Xie Shang‐Ping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examines the spatial distribution and temporal variations of low‐cloud top over the subtropical northeast Pacific (NEP), using observations from the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). A comparison between CALIPSO observations and in‐situ soundings reveals a distinct bimodal distribution of low‐cloud tops, characterized by peaks near the inversion base and transition layer, corresponding to shallow cumulus clouds below the stratocumulus deck and boundary‐layer decoupling phenomena. Climatologically, while traversing along a great circle from Los Angeles to Honolulu, the frequency of low cloud occurrence experiences a gradual reduction from 80% to 30%. Meanwhile, cloud top height increases from 0.6 to 1.6 km, and surface roughness varies from 50 to 300 m. This study marks the first presentation of long‐term characteristics of low clouds over a vast, remote area, expanding beyond discrete field campaign observations. Accurately characterizing the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) including its depth and degree of decoupling, enables further investigation into the interannual variations of low clouds, using 14 years of CALIPSO observations. Significant interannual variability in areal fraction and vertical bimodality of low clouds emerges downstream of the anomalously cold water; increased cloud cover with weakened bimodality is associated with a shallow weakly decoupled MABL. This research emphasizes the need to consider the downstream effects in studying low cloud‐sea surface temperature feedback within climate models.
Amygdalar neurotransmission alterations in the BTBR mice model of idiopathic autism
Authors: Bove Maria , Palmieri Maria Adelaide , Santoro Martina , Agosti Lisa Pia , Gaetani Silvana , Romano Adele , Dimonte Stefania , Costantino Giuseppe , Sikora Vladyslav , Tucci Paolo , Schiavone Stefania , Morgese Maria Grazia , Trabace Luigia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are principally diagnosed by three core behavioural symptoms, such as stereotyped repertoire, communication impairments and social dysfunctions. This complex pathology has been linked to abnormalities of corticostriatal and limbic circuits. Despite experimental efforts in elucidating the molecular mechanisms behind these abnormalities, a clear etiopathogenic hypothesis is still lacking. To this aim, preclinical studies can be really helpful to longitudinally study behavioural alterations resembling human symptoms and to investigate the underlying neurobiological correlates. In this regard, the BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice are an inbred mouse strain that exhibits a pattern of behaviours well resembling human ASD-like behavioural features. In this study, the BTBR mice model was used to investigate neurochemical and biomolecular alterations, regarding Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), together with GABAergic, glutamatergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmissions and their metabolites in four different brain areas, i.e. prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus. In our results, BTBR strain reported decreased noradrenaline, acetylcholine and GABA levels in prefrontal cortex, while hippocampal measurements showed reduced NGF and BDNF expression levels, together with GABA levels. Concerning hypothalamus, no differences were retrieved. As regarding amygdala, we found reduced dopamine levels, accompanied by increased dopamine metabolites in BTBR mice, together with decreased acetylcholine, NGF and GABA levels and enhanced glutamate content. Taken together, our data showed that the BTBR ASD model, beyond its face validity, is a useful tool to untangle neurotransmission alterations that could be underpinned to the heterogeneous ASD-like behaviours, highlighting the crucial role played by amygdala.
Comparative evaluation of SNVs, indels, and structural variations detected with short- and long-read sequencing data
Authors: Kosugi Shunichi , Terao Chikashi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Short- and long-read sequencing technologies are routinely used to detect DNA variants, including SNVs, indels, and structural variations (SVs). However, the differences in the quality and quantity of variants detected between short- and long-read data are not fully understood. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the variant calling performance of short- and long-read-based SNV, indel, and SV detection algorithms (6 for SNVs, 12 for indels, and 13 for SVs) using a novel evaluation framework incorporating manual visual inspection. The results showed that indel-insertion calls greater than 10 bp were poorly detected by short-read-based detection algorithms compared to long-read-based algorithms; however, the recall and precision of SNV and indel-deletion detection were similar between short- and long-read data. The recall of SV detection with short-read-based algorithms was significantly lower in repetitive regions, especially for small- to intermediate-sized SVs, than that detected with long-read-based algorithms. In contrast, the recall and precision of SV detection in nonrepetitive regions were similar between short- and long-read data. These findings suggest the need for refined strategies, such as incorporating multiple variant detection algorithms, to generate a more complete set of variants using short-read data.
Inflammation and cytomegalovirus viremia during pregnancy drive sex-differentiated differences in mortality and immune development in HIV-exposed infants
Authors: Evans Ceri , Mutasa Kuda , Rukobo Sandra , Govha Margaret , Mushayanembwa Patience , Chasekwa Bernard , Majo Florence D. , Tavengwa Naume V. , Broad Jonathan , Noble Christie , Gough Ethan K. , Kelly Paul , Bourke Claire D. , Humphrey Jean H. , Ntozini Robert , Prendergast Andrew J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChildren who are HIV-exposed but uninfected have increased infectious mortality compared to HIV-unexposed children, raising the possibility of immune abnormalities following exposure to maternal viraemia, immune dysfunction, and co-infections during pregnancy. In a secondary analysis of the SHINE trial in rural Zimbabwe we explored biological pathways underlying infant mortality, and maternal factors shaping immune development in HIV-exposed uninfected infants. Maternal inflammation and cytomegalovirus viraemia were independently associated with infant deaths: mortality doubled for each log10 rise in maternal C-reactive protein (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.09; 95% CI 1.33–3.27), and increased 1.6-fold for each log10 rise in maternal cytomegalovirus viral load (aHR 1.62; 95% CI 1.11–2.36). In girls, mortality was more strongly associated with maternal C-reactive protein than cytomegalovirus; in boys, mortality was more strongly associated with cytomegalovirus than C-reactive protein. At age one month, HIV-exposed uninfected infants had a distinct immune milieu, characterised by raised soluble CD14 and an altered CD8 + T-cell compartment. Alterations in immunophenotype and systemic inflammation were generally greater in boys than girls. Collectively, these findings show how the pregnancy immune environment in women with HIV underlies mortality and immune development in their offspring in a sex-differentiated manner, and highlights potential new intervention strategies to transform outcomes of HIV-exposed children. ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01824940.
Noncovalent interaction with a spirobipyridine ligand enables efficient iridium-catalyzed C–H activation
Authors: Jin Yushu , Ramadoss Boobalan , Asako Sobi , Ilies Laurean 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExploitation of noncovalent interactions for recognition of an organic substrate has received much attention for the design of metal catalysts in organic synthesis. The CH–π interaction is especially of interest for molecular recognition because both the C–H bonds and the π electrons are fundamental properties of organic molecules. However, because of their weak nature, these interactions have been less utilized for the control of organic reactions. We show here that the CH–π interaction can be used to kinetically accelerate catalytic C–H activation of arenes by directly recognizing the π-electrons of the arene substrates with a spirobipyridine ligand. Computation and a ligand kinetic isotope effect study provide evidence for the CH–π interaction between the ligand backbone and the arene substrate. The rational exploitation of weak noncovalent interactions between the ligand and the substrate will open new avenues for ligand design in catalysis.
Reconstruction of macroglia and adult neurogenesis evolution through cross-species single-cell transcriptomic analyses
Authors: Morizet David , Foucher Isabelle , Alunni Alessandro , Bally-Cuif Laure 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMacroglia fulfill essential functions in the adult vertebrate brain, producing and maintaining neurons and regulating neuronal communication. However, we still know little about their emergence and diversification. We used the zebrafish D. rerio as a distant vertebrate model with moderate glial diversity as anchor to reanalyze datasets covering over 600 million years of evolution. We identify core features of adult neurogenesis and innovations in the mammalian lineage with a potential link to the rarity of radial glia-like cells in adult humans. Our results also suggest that functions associated with astrocytes originated in a multifunctional cell type fulfilling both neural stem cell and astrocytic functions before these diverged. Finally, we identify conserved elements of macroglial cell identity and function and their time of emergence during evolution.
MmcA is an electron conduit that facilitates both intracellular and extracellular electron transport in Methanosarcina acetivorans
Authors: Gupta Dinesh , Chen Keying , Elliott Sean J. , Nayak Dipti D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMethanogens are a diverse group of Archaea that obligately couple energy conservation to the production of methane. Some methanogens encode alternate pathways for energy conservation, like anaerobic respiration, but the biochemical details of this process are unknown. We show that a multiheme c-type cytochrome called MmcA from Methanosarcina acetivorans is important for intracellular electron transport during methanogenesis and can also reduce extracellular electron acceptors like soluble Fe3+ and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate. Consistent with these observations, MmcA displays reversible redox features ranging from −100 to −450 mV versus SHE. Additionally, mutants lacking mmcA have significantly slower Fe3+ reduction rates. The mmcA locus is prevalent in members of the Order Methanosarcinales and is a part of a distinct clade of multiheme cytochromes that are closely related to octaheme tetrathionate reductases. Taken together, MmcA might act as an electron conduit that can potentially support a variety of energy conservation strategies that extend beyond methanogenesis.