bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Random-access wide-field mesoscopy for centimetre-scale imaging of biodynamics with subcellular resolution
Authors: Shi Ruheng , Chen Xinyue , Deng Junhao , Liang Junhao , Fan Kuikui , Zhou Feifan , Tang Peifu , Zhang Licheng , Kong Lingjie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBenefitting from the advantages of high imaging throughput and low cost, wide-field microscopy has become indispensable in biomedical studies. However, it remains challenging to record biodynamics with a large field of view and high spatiotemporal resolution due to the limited space–bandwidth product. Here we propose random-access wide-field (RA-WiFi) mesoscopy for the imaging of in vivo biodynamics over a 163.84 mm2 area with a spatial resolution of ~2.18 μm. We extend the field of view beyond the nominal value of the objective by enlarging the object distance, which leads to a lower field angle, followed by the correction of optical aberrations. We also implement random-access scanning with structured illumination, which enables optical-sectioning capability and high imaging contrast. The multi-plane imaging capability also makes the technique suitable for curved-surface samples. We demonstrate RA-WiFi mesoscopy in multi-modal imaging, including bright-field, dark-field and multi-colour fluorescence imaging. Specifically, we apply RA-WiFi mesoscopy to calcium imaging of cortex-wide neural network activities in awake mice in vivo, under both physiological and pathological conditions. We also show its unique capability in the three-dimensional random access of irregular regions of interest via the biodynamic imaging of mouse spinal cords in vivo. As a compact, low-cost mesoscope with optical-sectioning capability, RA-WiFi mesoscopy will enable broad applications in the biodynamic study of biological systems.
Environmental drivers of increased ecosystem respiration in a warming tundra
Authors: Maes S. L. , Dietrich J. , Midolo G. , Schwieger S. , Kummu M. , Vandvik V. , Aerts R. , Althuizen I. H. J. , Biasi C. , Björk R. G. , Böhner H. , Carbognani M. , Chiari G. , Christiansen C. T. , Clemmensen K. E. , Cooper E. J. , Cornelissen J. H. C. , Elberling B. , Faubert P. , Fetcher N. , Forte T. G. W. , Gaudard J. , Gavazov K. , Guan Z. , Guðmundsson J. , Gya R. , Hallin S. , Hansen B. B. , Haugum S. V. , He J.-S. , Hicks Pries C. , Hovenden M. J. , Jalava M. , Jónsdóttir I. S. , Juhanson J. , Jung J. Y. , Kaarlejärvi E. , Kwon M. J. , Lamprecht R. E. , Le Moullec M. , Lee H. , Marushchak M. E. , Michelsen A. , Munir T. M. , Myrsky E. M. , Nielsen C. S. , Nyberg M. , Olofsson J. , Óskarsson H. , Parker T. C. , Pedersen E. P. , Petit Bon M. , Petraglia A. , Raundrup K. , Ravn N. M. R. , Rinnan R. , Rodenhizer H. , Ryde I. , Schmidt N. M. , Schuur E. A. G. , Sjögersten S. , Stark S. , Strack M. , Tang J. , Tolvanen A. , Töpper J. P. , Väisänen M. K. , van Logtestijn R. S. P. , Voigt C. , Walz J. , Weedon J. T. , Yang Y. , Ylänne H. , Björkman M. P. , Sarneel J. M. , Dorrepaal E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractArctic and alpine tundra ecosystems are large reservoirs of organic carbon1,2. Climate warming may stimulate ecosystem respiration and release carbon into the atmosphere3,4. The magnitude and persistency of this stimulation and the environmental mechanisms that drive its variation remain uncertain5–7. This hampers the accuracy of global land carbon–climate feedback projections7,8. Here we synthesize 136 datasets from 56 open-top chamber in situ warming experiments located at 28 arctic and alpine tundra sites which have been running for less than 1 year up to 25 years. We show that a mean rise of 1.4 °C [confidence interval (CI) 0.9–2.0 °C] in air and 0.4 °C [CI 0.2–0.7 °C] in soil temperature results in an increase in growing season ecosystem respiration by 30% [CI 22–38%] (n = 136). Our findings indicate that the stimulation of ecosystem respiration was due to increases in both plant-related and microbial respiration (n = 9) and continued for at least 25 years (n = 136). The magnitude of the warming effects on respiration was driven by variation in warming-induced changes in local soil conditions, that is, changes in total nitrogen concentration and pH and by context-dependent spatial variation in these conditions, in particular total nitrogen concentration and the carbon:nitrogen ratio. Tundra sites with stronger nitrogen limitations and sites in which warming had stimulated plant and microbial nutrient turnover seemed particularly sensitive in their respiration response to warming. The results highlight the importance of local soil conditions and warming-induced changes therein for future climatic impacts on respiration.
Network-level encoding of local neurotransmitters in cortical astrocytes
Authors: Cahill Michelle K. , Collard Max , Tse Vincent , Reitman Michael E. , Etchenique Roberto , Kirst Christoph , Poskanzer Kira E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAstrocytes, the most abundant non-neuronal cell type in the mammalian brain, are crucial circuit components that respond to and modulate neuronal activity through calcium (Ca2+) signalling1–7. Astrocyte Ca2+ activity is highly heterogeneous and occurs across multiple spatiotemporal scales—from fast, subcellular activity3,4 to slow, synchronized activity across connected astrocyte networks8–10—to influence many processes5,7,11. However, the inputs that drive astrocyte network dynamics remain unclear. Here we used ex vivo and in vivo two-photon astrocyte imaging while mimicking neuronal neurotransmitter inputs at multiple spatiotemporal scales. We find that brief, subcellular inputs of GABA and glutamate lead to widespread, long-lasting astrocyte Ca2+ responses beyond an individual stimulated cell. Further, we find that a key subset of Ca2+ activity—propagative activity—differentiates astrocyte network responses to these two main neurotransmitters, and may influence responses to future inputs. Together, our results demonstrate that local, transient neurotransmitter inputs are encoded by broad cortical astrocyte networks over a minutes-long time course, contributing to accumulating evidence that substantial astrocyte–neuron communication occurs across slow, network-level spatiotemporal scales12–14. These findings will enable future studies to investigate the link between specific astrocyte Ca2+ activity and specific functional outputs, which could build a consistent framework for astrocytic modulation of neuronal activity.
Refining the impact of genetic evidence on clinical success
Authors: Minikel Eric Vallabh , Painter Jeffery L. , Dong Coco Chengliang , Nelson Matthew R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe cost of drug discovery and development is driven primarily by failure1, with only about 10% of clinical programmes eventually receiving approval2–4. We previously estimated that human genetic evidence doubles the success rate from clinical development to approval5. In this study we leverage the growth in genetic evidence over the past decade to better understand the characteristics that distinguish clinical success and failure. We estimate the probability of success for drug mechanisms with genetic support is 2.6 times greater than those without. This relative success varies among therapy areas and development phases, and improves with increasing confidence in the causal gene, but is largely unaffected by genetic effect size, minor allele frequency or year of discovery. These results indicate we are far from reaching peak genetic insights to aid the discovery of targets for more effective drugs.
Introducing IOS11 as an extended interactive version of the ‘Inclusion of Other in the Self’ scale to estimate relationship closeness
Authors: Baader Malte , Starmer Chris , Tufano Fabio , Gächter Simon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe study of relationship closeness has a long history in psychology and is currently expanding across the social sciences, including economics. Estimating relationship closeness requires appropriate tools. Here, we introduce and test a tool for estimating relationship closeness: ‘IOS11’. The IOS11 scale has an 11-point response scale and is a refinement of the widely used Inclusion-of-Other-in-the-Self scale. Our tool has three key features. First, the IOS11 scale is easy to understand and administer. Second, we provide a portable, interactive interface for the IOS11 scale, which can be used in lab and online studies. Third, and crucially, based on within-participant correlations of 751 individuals, we demonstrate strong validity of the IOS11 scale in terms of representing features of relationships captured by a range of more complex survey instruments. Based on these correlations we find that the IOS11 scale outperforms the IOS scale and performs as well as the related Oneness scale.
Molecular detection of exosomal miRNAs of blood serum for prognosis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Bakhsh Tahani , Alhazmi Safiah , Farsi Ali , Yusuf Abdulaziz S. , Alharthi Amani , Qahl Safa H. , Alghamdi Maha Ali , Alzahrani Faisal A. , Elgaddar Ola H. , Ibrahim Mohanad A. , Bahieldin Ahmed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer affecting people. The discovery of new, non-invasive, specific, and sensitive molecular biomarkers for CRC may assist in the diagnosis and support therapeutic decision making. Exosomal miRNAs have been demonstrated in carcinogenesis and CRC development, which makes these miRNAs strong biomarkers for CRC. Deep sequencing allows a robust high-throughput informatics investigation of the types and abundance of exosomal miRNAs. Thus, exosomal miRNAs can be efficiently examined as diagnostic biomarkers for disease screening. In the present study, a number of 660 mature miRNAs were detected in patients diagnosed with CRC at different stages. Of which, 29 miRNAs were differentially expressed in CRC patients compared with healthy controls. Twenty-nine miRNAs with high abundance levels were further selected for subsequent analysis. These miRNAs were either highly up-regulated (e.g., let-7a-5p, let-7c-5p, let-7f-5p, let-7d-3p, miR-423-5p, miR-3184-5p, and miR-584) or down-regulated (e.g., miR-30a-5p, miR-99-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-26-5p and miR-204-5p). These miRNAs influence critical genes in CRC, leading to either tumor growth or suppression. Most of the reported diagnostic exosomal miRNAs were shown to be circulating in blood serum. The latter is a novel miRNA that was found in exosomal profile of blood serum. Some of the predicted target genes of highly expressed miRNAs participate in several cancer pathways, including CRC pathway. These target genes include tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes and DNA repair genes. Main focus was given to multiple critical signaling cross-talking pathways including transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathways that are directly linked to CRC. In conclusion, we recommend further analysis in order to experimentally confirm exact relationships between selected differentially expressed miRNAs and their predicted target genes and downstream functional consequences.
Research on the effect of water-cooling steel pipe on preventing spontaneous combustion of coal pile and its thermal migration behavior
Authors: Ai Chunming , Xue Shuang , Zhang Li , Zhou Qinyuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring the storage and transportation process after mining, coal piles are placed in open environments, making them prone to self-heating and spontaneous combustion due to the nature of coal and factors like natural wind flow. In recent years, there have been frequent spontaneous combustion incidents involving coal piles, posing significant safety risks. To effectively prevent and control spontaneous combustion disasters in open-air coal storage piles, we propose a method involving the arrangement of water-cooling steel pipes within the coal piles. This method applies theories of coal spontaneous combustion mechanisms, porous media heat transfer, and non-isothermal pipeline heat transfer. The multi-physics coupling model of COMSOL numerical simulation software is used to analyze the spontaneous ignition process and prevention effect of open pit coal pile. In the model, the thin material transfer of porous media is taken as the oxygen concentration field, the heat transfer of porous media is taken as the temperature field, and the free and porous media flow is taken as the air seepage velocity field. The simulation results of the spontaneous combustion process in the coal pile indicate that the high-temperature zone of spontaneous combustion is situated within the range of 0.5 ~ 1.5 m inside the wind-facing surface and extends 0.5 m above the ground level. These findings serve as a basis for determining the optimal placement of water-cooling steel pipes within the coal pile. The simulation results of a single water-cooling steel pipe demonstrate a positive correlation between the cooling effect on the coal pile and the water cool flow, and a negative correlation with the water cool temperature. Additionally, the cooling radius of the water-cooling steel pipe is determined by the circumference of the pipe and remains unaffected by the water cool flow. Finally, simulations were conducted to evaluate the cooling effect of multiple rows of steel pipes, and optimal arrangement parameters were determined: a center distance between steel pipes of 1 m and a water cool flow rate of 1500 L/min. As a result, the onset of the self-heating period in the coal pile was delayed by 11 days, and the spontaneous combustion period was extended by 56 days. The arrangement of water-cooling steel pipes in the coal pile has demonstrated significant efficacy in preventing and controlling spontaneous combustion.
Enhanced read resolution in reconfigurable memristive synapses for Spiking Neural Networks
Authors: Das Hritom , Schuman Catherine , Chakraborty Nishith N. , Rose Garrett S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe synapse is a key element circuit in any memristor-based neuromorphic computing system. A memristor is a two-terminal analog memory device. Memristive synapses suffer from various challenges including high voltage,SETorRESETfailure, andREADmargin issues that can degrade the distinguishability of stored weights. EnhancingREADresolution is very important to improving the reliability of memristive synapses. Usually, theREADresolution is very small for a memristive synapse with a 4-bit data precision. This work considers a step-by-step analysis to enhance theREADcurrent resolution or the read current difference between two resistance levels for a current-controlled memristor-based synapse. An empirical model is used to characterize the$${\hbox {HfO}}_{2}$$HfO2based memristive device.$$1\textrm{st}$$1stand$$2\textrm{nd}$$2ndstage device of our proposed synapse design can be scaled to enhance theREADcurrent margin up to$$\sim$$∼4.3$$\times$$×and$$\sim$$∼21%, respectively. Moreover,READcurrent resolution can be enhanced with run-time adaptation techniques such asREADvoltage scaling and body biasing. TheREADvoltage scaling and body biasing can improve theREADcurrent resolution by about 46% and 15%, respectively. TENNLab’s neuromorphic computing framework is leveraged to evaluate the effect ofREADcurrent resolution on classification, control, and reservoir computing applications. HigherREADcurrent resolution shows better accuracy than lower resolution even when facing different levels of read noise.
Tumor promoting effect of spheroids in an orthotopic prostate cancer mouse model
Authors: Bastian Julius Lars Daniel , Zeuschner Philip , Stöckle Michael , Junker Kerstin , Linxweiler Johannes 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to establish a technique for intraprostatic implantation of prostate cancer (PCa) spheroids and to identify the impact of three-dimensional organization of PCa cells on tumor progression and metastasis in a representative in vivo model. 40,000 LNCaP cells were implanted into the prostate of immunodeficient SCID mice either as single cells (n = 8) or as preformed 3D spheroids (n = 8). For a follow up of 20 weeks, tumor growth was monitored by serum PSA and high-resolution 3D ultrasonography. Eventually, animals were sacrificed and autopsied. The organ dissects were analyzed for the presence of metastases by histology (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (AMACR, AR, Ki-67, CK5, CK8, E-Cadherin, Vimentin). Solid intraprostatic tumors developed in 50% of mice after spheroid implantation and in 50% of mice after implantation of a single cells. Primary tumors of LNCaP spheroids evolved earlier, exhibiting a shorter tumor doubling time whilst developing larger tumor volumes, which was reflected by a higher immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 and AR, too. Spheroid tumors established lung and lymph node metastases in 75% of mice, in contrast to 50% of mice after single cell implantation. Our technique enables a variety of studies regarding the influence of the tumor microenvironment on PCa progression.
Clinical performance of AI-integrated risk assessment pooling reveals cost savings even at high prevalence of COVID-19
Authors: Kamari Farzin , Eller Esben , Bøgebjerg Mathias Emil , Capella Ignacio Martínez , Galende Borja Arroyo , Korim Tomas , Øland Pernille , Borup Martin Lysbjerg , Frederiksen Anja Rådberg , Ranjouriheravi Amir , Al-Jwadi Ahmed Faris , Mansour Mostafa , Hansen Sara , Diethelm Isabella , Burek Marta , Alvarez Federico , Buch Anders Glent , Mojtahedi Nima , Röttger Richard , Segtnan Eivind Antonsen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIndividual testing of samples is time- and cost-intensive, particularly during an ongoing pandemic. Better practical alternatives to individual testing can significantly decrease the burden of disease on the healthcare system. Herein, we presented the clinical validation of Segtnan™ on 3929 patients. Segtnan™ is available as a mobile application entailing an AI-integrated personalized risk assessment approach with a novel data-driven equation for pooling of biological samples. The AI was selected from a comparison between 15 machine learning classifiers (highest accuracy = 80.14%) and a feed-forward neural network with an accuracy of 81.38% in predicting the rRT-PCR test results based on a designed survey with minimal clinical questions. Furthermore, we derived a novel pool-size equation from the pooling data of 54 published original studies. The results demonstrated testing capacity increase of 750%, 60%, and 5% at prevalence rates of 0.05%, 22%, and 50%, respectively. Compared to Dorfman’s method, our novel equation saved more tests significantly at high prevalence, i.e., 28% (p = 0.006), 40% (p = 0.00001), and 66% (p = 0.02). Lastly, we illustrated the feasibility of the Segtnan™ usage in clinically complex settings like emergency and psychiatric departments.
Sarcopenia and adipose tissue evaluation by artificial intelligence predicts the overall survival after TAVI
Authors: Pekař Matej , Jiravský Otakar , Novák Jan , Branny Piotr , Balušík Jakub , Daniš Daniel , Hečko Jan , Kantor Marek , Prosecky Robert , Blaha Lubomir , Neuwirth Radek 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSarcopenia is a serious systemic disease that reduces overall survival. TAVI is selectively performed in patients with severe aortic stenosis who are not indicated for open cardiac surgery due to severe polymorbidity. Artificial intelligence-assisted body composition assessment from available CT scans appears to be a simple tool to stratify these patients into low and high risk based on future estimates of all-cause mortality. Within our study, the segmentation of preprocedural CT scans at the level of the lumbar third vertebra in patients undergoing TAVI was performed using a neural network (AutoMATiCA). The obtained parameters (area and density of skeletal muscles and intramuscular, visceral, and subcutaneous adipose tissue) were analyzed using Cox univariate and multivariable models for continuous and categorical variables to assess the relation of selected variables with all-cause mortality. 866 patients were included (median(interquartile range)): age 79.7 (74.9–83.3) years; BMI 28.9 (25.9–32.6) kg/m2. Survival analysis was performed on all automatically obtained parameters of muscle and fat density and area. Skeletal muscle index (SMI in cm2/m2), visceral (VAT in HU) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT in HU) density predicted the all-cause mortality in patients after TAVI expressed as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI): SMI HR 0.986, 95% CI (0.975–0.996); VAT 1.015 (1.002–1.028) and SAT 1.014 (1.004–1.023), all p < 0.05. Automatic body composition assessment can estimate higher all-cause mortality risk in patients after TAVI, which may be useful in preoperative clinical reasoning and stratification of patients.
Towards quantifying the communication aspect of resilience in disaster-prone communities
Authors: Okeukwu-Ogbonnaya Adaeze , Amariucai George , Natarajan Balasubramaniam , Kim Hyung Jin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the communication networks of urban, suburban, and rural communities from three US Midwest counties through a stochastic model that simulates the diffusion of information over time in disaster and in normal situations. To understand information diffusion in communities, we investigate the interplay of information that individuals get from online social networks, local news, government sources, mainstream media, and print media. We utilize survey data collected from target communities and create graphs of each community to quantify node-to-node and source-to-node interactions, as well as trust patterns. Monte Carlo simulation results show the average time it takes for information to propagate to 90% of the population for each community. We conclude that rural, suburban, and urban communities have different inherent properties promoting the varied flow of information. Also, information sources affect information spread differently, causing degradation of information speed if any source becomes unavailable. Finally, we provide insights on the optimal investments to improve disaster communication based on community features and contexts.
Study on the combination of virtual machine tools and wearable vibration devices for operators experiencing cutting forces in the milling process
Authors: Liu Shang-Hsien , Luo Bo-Cheng , Kao Yung-Chou , Feng Guo-Hua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe primary goal of this study is to develop a wearable system for providing CNC machine operators with visual and tactile perception of triaxial cutting forces, thereby assisting operators in industrial environments to enhance work efficiency and prevent mechanical failures. To achieve this goal, we successfully integrated a virtual machining tool simulator with the remote-control wearable system (RCWS). Using the ‘King Path’ milling parameters, we employed the simulation software developed by the AIM-HI team to calculate static and dynamic cutting forces, converting this data into vibrational commands for the RCWS to generate corresponding tactile feedback. Furthermore, we conducted extensive experiments, testing various data conversion methods, including three sampling techniques and two data compression strategies, aiming to provide accurate tactile feedback related to cutting forces under different operating conditions.