bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical analysis of changes in signaling pathway activation downstream of growth factor receptors in pancreatic duct cell carcinogenesis
Authors: Pham Nhu-An , Schwock Joerg , Iakovlev Vladimir , Pond Greg , Hedley David W , Tsao Ming-Sound 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
The pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) involves multi-stage development of molecular aberrations affecting signaling pathways that regulate cancer growth and progression. This study was performed to gain a better understanding of the abnormal signaling that occurs in PDAC compared with normal duct epithelia.

Methods
We performed immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray of 26 PDAC, 13 normal appearing adjacent pancreatic ductal epithelia, and 12 normal non-PDAC ducts. We compared the levels of 18 signaling proteins including growth factor receptors, tumor suppressors and 13 of their putative downstream phosphorylated (p-) signal transducers in PDAC to those in normal ductal epithelia.

Results
The overall profiles of signaling protein expression levels, activation states and sub-cellular distribution in PDAC cells were distinguishable from non-neoplastic ductal epithelia. The ERK pathway activation was correlated with high levels of S2448p-mTOR (100%, p = 0.05), T389p-S6K (100%, p = 0.02 and S235/236p-S6 (86%, p = 0.005). Additionally, T389p-S6K correlated with S727p-STAT3 (86%, p = 0.005). Advanced tumors with lymph node metastasis were characterized by high levels of S276p-NFκB (100%, p = 0.05) and S9p-GSK3β (100%, p = 0.05). High levels of PKBβ/AKT2, EGFR, as well as nuclear T202/Y204p-ERK and T180/Y182p-p38 were observed in normal ducts adjacent to PDAC compared with non-cancerous pancreas.

Conclusion
Multiple signaling proteins are activated in pancreatic duct cell carcinogenesis including those associated with the ERK, PKB/AKT, mTOR and STAT3 pathways. The ERK pathway activation appears also increased in duct epithelia adjacent to carcinoma, suggesting tumor micro-environmental effects.
Haptoglobin Polymorphism: A Novel Genetic Risk Factor for Celiac Disease Development and Its Clinical Manifestations
Authors: Papp Maria , Foldi Ildiko , Nemes Eva , Udvardy Miklos , Harsfalvi Jolan , Altorjay Istvan , Mate Istvan , Dinya Tamas , Varvolgyi Csaba , Barta Zsolt , Veres Gabor , Lakatos Peter Laszlo , Tumpek Judit , Toth Laszlo , Szathmari Erzsebet , Kapitany Aniko , Gyetvai Agnes , Korponay-Szabo Ilma R 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Background: Haptoglobin (Hp) α-chain alleles 1 and 2 account for 3 phenotypes that may influence the course of inflammatory diseases via biologically important differences in their antioxidant, scavenging, and immunomodulatory properties. Hp1-1 genotype results in the production of small dimeric, Hp2-1 linear, and Hp2-2 cyclic polymeric haptoglobin molecules. We investigated the haptoglobin polymorphism in patients with celiac disease and its possible association to the presenting symptoms.
Methods: We studied 712 unrelated, biopsy-proven Hungarian celiac patients (357 children, 355 adults; severe malabsorption 32.9%, minor gastrointestinal symptoms 22.8%, iron deficiency anemia 9.4%, dermatitis herpetiformis 15.6%, silent disease 7.2%, other 12.1%) and 384 healthy subjects. We determined haptoglobin phenotypes by gel electrophoresis and assigned corresponding genotypes.
Results: Hp2-1 was associated with a significant risk for celiac disease (P = 0.0006, odds ratio [OR] 1.54, 95% CI 1.20–1.98; prevalence 56.9% in patients vs 46.1% in controls). It was also overrepresented among patients with mild symptoms (69.2%) or silent disease (72.5%). Hp2-2 was less frequent in patients than in controls (P = 0.0023), but patients having this phenotype were at an increased risk for severe malabsorption (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.60–3.07) and accounted for 45.3% of all malabsorption cases. Celiac and dermatitis herpetiformis patients showed similar haptoglobin phenotype distributions.
Conclusions: The haptoglobin polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to celiac disease and its clinical presentations. The predominant genotype in the celiac population was Hp2-1, but Hp2-2 predisposed to a more severe clinical course. The phenotype-dependent effect of haptoglobin may result from the molecule’s structural and functional properties.
Images of War in Greece and Rome: Between Military Practice, Public Memory, and Cultural Symbolism
Authors: Hölscher Tonio 
Published: February 2008

Wars were once considered to be the essence of world history, but under the influence of social history, the histoire des mentalités, and the discourse of the ‘cultural turn’ their role has changed fundamentally. More interest is now paid to wars as part of cultural history than as highpoints of histoire événementielle.Historians of the present generation stand in an ambivalent relation to the phenomenon of war. The ‘cultural turn’ in historical studies has generally focused on anthropological phenomena that are part of general human experience — love and death, body and soul, memory and hope, customs and emotions, mentality and ideologies. These phenomena, which are conceived as driving forces in history, are at the same time parts of the contemporary cultural furniture of those scholars who study their changing aspects as objects of research. The phenomenon of war, however, for the majority of contemporary historians and other observers in Europe and North America, has become a distant spectacle. So, what do we really know about war? And what do we want to know about war?
Theory of optimal blocking of nonregular factorial designs
Authors: Al Mingyao , Zhang Runchu 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe authors introduce the notion of split generalized wordlength pattern (GWP), i.e., treatment GWP and block GWP, for a blocked nonregular factorial design. They generalize the minimum aberration criterion to suit this type of design. Connections between factorial design theory and coding theory allow them to obtain combinatorial identities that govern the relationship between the split GWP of a blocked factorial design and that of its blocked consulting design. These identities work for regular and nonregular designs. Furthermore, the authors establish general rules for identifying generalized minimum aberration (GMA) blocked designs through their blocked consulting designs. Finally they tabulate and compare some GMA blocked designs from Hall's orthogonal arrayOA(16,215,2) of type III.
Efficient estimation for case‐cohort studies
Authors: Nan Bin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe author considers time‐to‐event data from case‐cohort designs. As existing methods are either inefficient or based on restrictive assumptions concerning the censoring mechanism, he proposes a semi‐parametrically efficient estimator under the usual assumptions for Cox regression models. The estimator in question is obtained by a one‐step Newton‐Raphson approximation that solves the efficient score equations with initial value obtained from an existing method. The author proves that the estimator is consistent, asymptotically efficient and normally distributed in the limit. He also resorts to simulations to show that the proposed estimator performs well in finite samples and that it considerably improves the efficiency of existing pseudo‐likelihood estimators when a correlate of the missing covariate is available. Although he focuses on the situation where covariates are discrete, the author also explores how the method can be applied to models with continuous covariates.
Variance estimation for measures of change in probability sampling
Authors: Berger Yves G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractVariance estimation of changes requires estimates of variances and covariances that would be relatively straightforward to make if the sample remained the same from one wave to the next, but this is rarely the case in practice as successive waves are usually different overlapping samples. The author proposes a design‐based estimator for covariance matrices that is adapted to this situation. Under certain conditions, he shows that his approach yields non‐negative definite estimates for covariance matrices and therefore positive variance estimates for a large class of measures of change.
"You Get Sawdust in Your Blood": "Local" Values and the Performance of Community in an Occupational Sport
Authors: Kruckemeyer Kate 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe conflicts and affiliations that produce and define community can often be seen most clearly in performance. This article examines the way group identity is constructed around a multifaceted notion of localness at a woodchopping competition in northwestern Connecticut. As the immediate connection to logging as an occupation fades, community identity is enacted at a referential level defined here as a metaperformance-in this case a celebration engaged in by men and women, primarily from other trades, who nonetheless mobilize notions of logging tradition and history to enact a ulocaly) community with resonance in their suburban, postindustrial context.
Monte Negro and the Urban Revolution in Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Balkansky Andrew K. , Rodríguez Verónica Pérez , Kowalewski Stephen A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper is about Monte Negro’s origins, and how this site fits the emerging pattern in studies of Oaxacan urbanization including the Zapotec capital at Monte Albán. Our settlement data from a multivalley regional survey in the Mixteca Alta including Monte Negro allows comparison with other urban centers that we have surveyed. Monte Negro’s origins are due to internal settlement shifts, but occurred in the external context of widespread militarism and multiple urban transitions. Examination of local, regional, and macroregional settlement systems through time reveals variation in urban trajectories that current models were not designed to explain.
Opportunities for Advancement: Intra-Community Power Contests in the Midst of Political Decentralization in Terminal Classic Southeastern Mesoamerica
Authors: Urban Patricia , Schortman Edward 
Published: February 2008

AbstractArchaeologists traditionally investigate the emergence of complex sociopolitical formations at micro- and macroscales. As fruitful as these analyses have been, they ignore insights garnered from studying how the diverse members of individual communities contested for power and material resources during periods when former political capitals were in decline. Such volatile circumstances provide ample opportunities for those seeking power to experiment with novel political forms while their would-be subordinates maneuver to undermine these overweening ambitions. Site 128 in the Naco Valley, northwestern Honduras, witnessed these struggles during the Terminal Classic. Taking advantage of the waning power of the Naco Valley’s Late Classic rulers at La Sierra, magnates in this small community competed for control over clients and their labor. The resulting political configuration pitted corporate institutions against individual aggrandizers, each using a limited suite of valuable resources to capture the loyalty and labor of supporters. The inability of one faction to vanquish the other created an unstable situation ultimately undermined by unresolved tensions. Though studies of political decline usually highlight the falls of dynasties, there is much to be gained by studying those who scrambled, with varying success, to cobble together sociopolitical structures in the shadows of former states.
Performance at the Nexus of Gender, Power, and Desire: Reconsidering Bauman’sVerbal Artfrom the Perspective of Gendered Subjectivity as Performance
Authors: Sawin Patricia E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractRichard Bauman’s theory of performance has supported feminist work in folklore but proves incompatible with contemporary concepts of gendered subjectivity. Bauman’s combination of formalist and behaviorist perspectives paradoxically de-emphasized and undertheorized audience and emotion. The threat posed by women’s performance is better explained by exploring how performance constructs reciprocal positions for audience and performer, mobilizes desire, and motivates investment in gendered subject positions. Analysis of two stories Bessie Eldreth tells about audience response to her singing exemplifies the power of this gender-informed approach.
Social Isolation, Brain Food Cue Processing, Eating Behaviors, and Mental Health Symptoms
Authors: Zhang Xiaobei , Ravichandran Soumya , Gee Gilbert C. , Dong Tien S. , Beltrán-Sánchez Hiram , Wang May C. , Kilpatrick Lisa A. , Labus Jennifer S. , Vaughan Allison , Gupta Arpana 
Published: April 2024

ImportancePerceived social isolation is associated with negative health outcomes, including increased risk for altered eating behaviors, obesity, and psychological symptoms. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of these pathways are unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of perceived social isolation with brain reactivity to food cues, altered eating behaviors, obesity, and mental health symptoms.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional, single-center study recruited healthy, premenopausal female participants from the Los Angeles, California, community from September 7, 2021, through February 27, 2023.ExposureParticipants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a food cue viewing task.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes included brain reactivity to food cues, body composition, self-reported eating behaviors (food cravings, reward-based eating, food addiction, and maladaptive eating behaviors), and mental health symptoms (anxiety, depression, positive and negative affect, and psychological resilience).ResultsThe study included 93 participants (mean [SD] age, 25.38 [7.07] years). Participants with higher perceived social isolation reported higher fat mass percentage, lower diet quality, increased maladaptive eating behaviors (cravings, reward-based eating, uncontrolled eating, and food addiction), and poor mental health (anxiety, depression, and psychological resilience). In whole-brain comparisons, the higher social isolation group showed altered brain reactivity to food cues in regions of the default mode, executive control, and visual attention networks. Isolation-related neural changes in response to sweet foods correlated with various altered eating behaviors and psychological symptoms. These altered brain responses mediated the connection between social isolation and maladaptive eating behaviors (β for indirect effect, 0.111; 95% CI, 0.013-0.210; P = .03), increased body fat composition (β, −0.141; 95% CI, −0.260 to −0.021; P = .02), and diminished positive affect (β, −0.089; 95% CI, −0.188 to 0.011; P = .09).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that social isolation is associated with altered neural reactivity to food cues within specific brain regions responsible for processing internal appetite-related states and compromised executive control and attentional bias and motivation toward external food cues. These neural responses toward specific foods were associated with an increased risk for higher body fat composition, worsened maladaptive eating behaviors, and compromised mental health. These findings underscore the need for holistic mind-body–directed interventions that may mitigate the adverse health consequences of social isolation.
AI and agents
Authors: Hodjat Babak 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEarlier this year, OpenAI released their GPTs framework, allowing users to set up Large Language Model (LLM)‐based personas, orchestrate them into a workflow and even offering their AI apps within an app store. This is the latest, and maybe the easiest to set up, in a string of agent‐based LLM orchestration platforms in the past year, harkening a new age of agent‐based engineering. But, like most breakthroughs, this one is also rooted in many years of research, and the reason the world is paying attention to it now is that, thanks to Generative AI and Large Language Models, we finally have artificial agents that are useful enough to scale to more serious problems.
Real‐world experience with eculizumab and switching to ravulizumab for generalized myasthenia gravis
Authors: Tokuyasu Daiki , Suzuki Shigeaki , Uzawa Akiyuki , Nagane Yuriko , Masuda Masayuki , Konno Shingo , Kubota Tomoya , Samukawa Makoto , Sugimoto Takamichi , Ishizuchi Kei , Oyama Munenori , Yasuda Manato , Akamine Hiroyuki , Onishi Yosuke , Suzuki Yasushi , Kawaguchi Naoki , Minami Naoya , Kimura Takashi , Takahashi Masanori P. , Murai Hiroyuki , Utsugisawa Kimiaki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveEculizumab and ravulizumab are complement protein C5 inhibitors, showing efficacy and tolerability for patients with anti‐acetylcholine receptor‐positive (AChR+) generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) in phase 3 clinical trials and subsequent analyses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of eculizumab and switching to ravulizumab for refractory AChR+ gMG patients in the real‐world experience.MethodsAmong the database of Japan MG registry survey 2021, we studied AChR+ gMG patients who received eculizumab. We also evaluated these patients who switched from eculizumab to ravulizumab. Responder was defined as an improvement of at least 3 points in MG‐ADL. We performed a questionnaire of preference between eculizumab and ravulizumab.ResultsAmong 1,106 patients with AChR+ gMG, 36 patients (3%) received eculizumab (female 78%, mean age 56.0 years). Eculizumab was preferentially used in severe and refractory MG patients. The duration of eculizumab treatment was 35 months on average. MG‐ADL improved from 9.4 ± 4.9 to 5.9 ± 5.1, and 25 (70%) of the 36 gMG patients were responders. Postintervention status was markedly improved after the eculizumab treatment. Of 13 patients who did not continue eculizumab, 6 showed insufficiencies. Early onset MG was most effective. However, 15 patients switching from eculizumab to ravulizumab kept favorable response and tolerability. Questionnaire surveys showed preference for ravulizumab over eculizumab.InterpretationEculizumab and switching to ravulizumab showed to be effective for refractory AChR+ gMG patients in clinical settings.
Potential Benefits of Statin Therapy in Reducing Osteoarthritis Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zhang Lili , Sui Laijian , Li Jing , Zhang Rui , Pan Weimin , Lv Teng 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the causal effect of statins on osteoarthritis (OA) risk using Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsSingle nucleotide polymorphism–based genome‐wide association analyses of statins were collected from the UK Biobank and FinnGen dataset, and OA data were collected from the UK Biobank and Arthritis Research UK Osteoarthritis Genetics (arcOGEN) study. Two‐sample MR analyses were performed using the inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) technique. MR‐Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode served as supplementary analyses. MR‐Egger regression, Cochran's Q test, and Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier analysis were performed as sensitivity analyses. Hydroxymethylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) expression and OA risk were evaluated using summary data–based MR (SMR).ResultsMR analyses consistently supported a causal connection between statin use and OA risk. A causal effect was observed for atorvastatin (IVW: β = −2.989, P = 0.003) and rosuvastatin (IVW: β = −14.141, P = 0.006) treatment on hip OA. Meta‐analysis showed the association between atorvastatin and knee OA was statistically significant (odds ratio 0.15; P = 0.004). Simvastatin use exhibited a protective effect against knee (IVW: β = −1.056, P = 0.004) and hip OA (IVW: β = −1.405, P = 0.001). Statin medication showed a protective effect on hip OA (IVW: β = −0.054, P = 0.013). HMGCR correlated significantly with a reduced risk of knee OA (β = −0.193, PSMR = 0.017), rather than hip OA (β = 0.067, PSMR = 0.502), which suggested that statins' protective effect on OA may not be related to its lipid‐lowering effect.ConclusionThis MR study provides compelling evidence that statin treatment may be a protective factor for OA. Further research is required to clarify its underlying mechanism.
Recent Trends of Bioanalytical Sensors with Smart Health Monitoring Systems: From Materials to Applications
Authors: Vo Thi Sinh , Hoang Trung , Vo Tran Thi Bich Chau , Jeon Byounghyun , Nguyen Vu Hoang , Kim Kyunghoon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSmart biosensors attract significant interest due to real‐time monitoring of user health status, where bioanalytical electronic devices designed to detect various activities and biomarkers in the human body have potential applications in physical sign monitoring and health care. Bioelectronics can be well integrated by output signals with wireless communication modules for transferring data to portable devices used as smart biosensors in performing real‐time diagnosis and analysis. In this review, the scientific keys of biosensing devices and the current trends in the field of smart biosensors, (functional materials, technological approaches, sensing mechanisms, main roles, potential applications and challenges in health monitoring) will be summarized. Recent advances in the design and manufacturing of bioanalytical sensors with smarter capabilities and enhanced reliability indicate a forthcoming expansion of these smart devices from laboratory to clinical analysis. Therefore, a general description of functional materials and technological approaches used in bioelectronics will be presented after the sections of scientific keys to bioanalytical sensors. A careful introduction to the established systems of smart monitoring and prediction analysis using bioelectronics, regarding the integration of machine‐learning‐based basic algorithms, will be discussed. Afterward, applications and challenges in development using these smart bioelectronics in biological, clinical, and medical diagnostics will also be analyzed. Finally, the review will conclude with outlooks of smart biosensing devices assisted by machine learning algorithms, wireless communications, or smartphone‐based systems on current trends and challenges for future works in wearable health monitoring.
Retrosynthetic Life Cycle Assessment: A Short Perspective on the Sustainability of Integrating Thermoplastics and Artificial Intelligence Into Composite Systems
Authors: Yaghoubi Vahid , Kumru Baris 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOver the past 30 years, the polymer composite industry has flourished, producing advanced structural materials for the aviation, energy, and transportation sectors. However, the use of crosslinked thermoset matrices has been linked to significant end‐of‐life challenges, presenting a critical issue for the industry. Moreover, the industry is characterized by numerous labor‐intensive processes. In alignment with Industry 4.0 principles, two major routes have been identified to enhance sustainability: the utilization of high‐performance thermoplastic matrices and the integration of artificial intelligence in manufacturing. Nevertheless, there are substantial concerns regarding the life cycle assessment of these technologies, which are not accounted for in the initial calculations, including the environmental footprint of polymer synthesis and energy requirements for training AI. This perspective aims to address potential and significant CO2 emissions from chemical feedstocks and the high computing requirements of these new technologies.