bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior tibial artery‐based multilobar combined flap free transfer for repair of complex soft tissue defects
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Xiaohua , Wen Sumin , Zhu Hongwei , Ning Zhiwen , Mi Xu , Li Chenglin , Yu Ruxia 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this report, the posterior tibial artery (PTA) based multilobar combined flap is introduced for the repair of complex soft tissue defects. The flap was designed based on the perforatoring branches of PTA in the anterior soleus muscle septum, which supply the skin over the medial side of the calf and the entire soleus muscle. The saphenous nerve was included in one perforator flap of the combined flap for reinnervation. The tibial artery was repaired with a vein graft after harvest of flap. From October 2005 to February 2007, eight patients (6 males, 2 females) underwent PTA‐based multilobar combined flap transfer for coverage of soft tissue defects involving the foot (three cases), hand (two cases), and calf (three cases). Each combined flap composed of two to three perforator flaps, and the size of the perforator flaps ranged from 4 × 2 cm to 10 × 8 cm. With an average follow‐up of 6 months, all flaps survived without complications and injured extremities showed a good functional recovery with restoration of the partial protective sensation on the flap with reinnervation. This clinical report has shown that a reliable multilobar combined flap can be designed based on the perforators of the posterior tibial artery and used for coverage of the complex wound. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Early surgical exploration of radial nerve injury associated with fracture shaft humerus
Authors: Noaman Hassan , Khalifa Abdel Rahman , El‐Deen Mohamed Alam , Shiha Anis 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe series included 36 patients, predominantly male, mean age 30.3 years. The most common cause of injury was motor car accident in 20 patients. Postreduction radial nerve injury occurred in nine cases. Open fracture humerus with radial nerve injury in seven cases. The fractures were situated in the middle or distal third of the humeral shaft. Most were transverse fractures. Twelve patients had surgery on the day of injury and the other 24 at a mean of 8 days later (3–14). Narrow dynamic compression plate was generally used for fixation. Exploration of the radial nerve demonstrated compression at the lateral intermuscular septum in 19 cases, entrapment in the fracture site in nine cases, and loss of its continuity in eight cases. Neurolysis was required in 20 cases, epineurorrhaphy in nine cases, interfascicular nerve grafts in five, and first‐intention tendon transfer in two. Results of nerve surgery were assessed with the MRC (Medical Research Council) at a mean follow‐up of 8.2 years. Outcome was rated good to excellent in 28 patients, fair in 1, and poor (failure) in 3. First‐intention tendon transfers were performed in 2 patients and 2 patients were lost to follow‐up. Mean delay to recovery was 7 months after neurolysis and nerve repair and 15 months after nerve grafts. The fracture was united in all cases. The mean time of union was 5 months. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Microvascularly augmented transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction—Reappraisal of its value through clinical outcome assessment and intraoperative blood gas analysis
Authors: Lee Jing‐Wei , Lee Yao‐Chou , Chang Tsai‐Wang 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOur experience with 73 transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap transfers was reviewed to see the variance in the incidence of complications among three groups of patients undergoing different types of surgical techniques. The TRAM flap was transferred as a free flap in 26 patients, a unipedicled flap in 25 patients, and a microvascularly augmented pedicled flap in 22 patients. Our data demonstrated that the incidence of partial flap loss and fat necrosis in the microvascularly augmented group was significantly lower than that in the unipedicled flap group (P < 0.01), and also lower than that in the free flap group with a statistically marginal significance (P = 0.055). Supplemental surgery is less often required in the microvascularly augmented group than in the conventional TRAM group (P = 0.002). Substantial increase in venous O2 concentration (P = 0.03), O2 saturation level (P = 0.007), and pH value (P = 0.002) was noticed following supercharge, and this very fact testifies to the perfusion‐promoting effect of the microvascular augmentation maneuver. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Peroneal artery perforator‐based propeller flap reconstruction of the lateral distal lower extremity after tumor extirpation: Case report and literature review
Authors: Rad Ariel N. , Singh Navin K. , Rosson Gedge D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground: Soft tissue defects in the distal lower extremity present a formidable challenge due to the lack of reliable local flap options. Pedicled adipofasciocutaneous flaps provide the closest match to local tissues, but random pattern flaps are limited in reliability, size, reach, and arc‐of‐rotation. One hundred and eighty degree perforator‐based propeller flaps are an innovative option because they provide robust axial perfusion to flaps with significantly greater surface area and ease of transposition versus that provided by their random pattern counterparts in these anatomic regions traditionally addressed with free tissue transfer. Case: We present a rare case of aggressive digital papillary carcinoma of the posteriolateral ankle and Achilles region. Wide local excision resulted in a defect with Achilles tendon exposure and denudation. A fasciocutaneous propeller flap based on a dominant peroneal artery perforator was raised and rotated 180° to resurface the wound, providing a gliding surface for Achilles tendon function. The reconstruction was successful with no complications, excellent contour, and esthetic appearance. Conclusions: Peroneal perforator‐based propeller flaps in the ankle region are useful local options providing unparalleled form and function, with excellent surface area and mobility, for dynamic areas of the lower extremity, without sacrificing any major vessels or nerves. This technique adds to the reconstructive microsurgeon's armamentarium for complex coverage of the ankle region. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Microvascular augmented pedicled jejunum transfer for vaginal reconstruction using a laparoscopy‐assisted technique
Authors: Özkan Ömer , Akar Münire Erman , Özkan Özlenen , Mesci Ayhan , Çolak Taner 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAlthough there is no distinct, absolute, and ideal method for vaginal reconstruction, intestinal transfers are preferable to the other described techniques in the main clinics. In this report, we describe the transfer of a jejunal segment for vaginal reconstruction in a 20‐year‐old female patient, harvesting the flap based on its vascular pedicle by means of a laparoscopic technique that obviates the use of midline laparotomy. To prevent any vascular compromise, two different vascular supply sources were provided for the flap performing additional arterial and venous microvascular anastomosis. The results have confirmed the feasibility of the technique. The functional, structural, and esthetic advantages of the jejunal flap and the lower donor site morbidity of the laparoscopy‐assisted technique that were rather encouraging are described and discussed. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Partial muscle harvest: Our first 100 cases attempting to preserve form and function at the donor site
Authors: Brooks Darrell , Buntic Rudolf F. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe authors report their first 100 partial muscle flaps as a strategy to preserve form and function of the donor site in muscle transplantation. Between 2003 and 2007, 62 partial superior latissimus (PSL) flaps and 38 partial medial rectus (PMR) flaps were transplanted for head and neck, upper and lower extremity, and chest wall reconstruction. All flaps survived. There were hematomas at the donor sites in two PMR cases. Form and function were preserved at the donor site in all cases. The PSL provided comparable muscle volume and pedicle length to the entire rectus abdominis muscle. An additional benefit was its use as a functional muscle. The PMR flap provided comparable muscle volume to the gracilis muscle. An additional benefit was a much longer vascular pedicle. Small to moderate sized flaps can be harvested from the fabric of the latissimus dorsi and rectus abdomenis muscles and be reliably transplanted. When positioned at the superior edge of the latissimus or medial edge of the rectus muscle, adequate blood flow and innervation to the residual muscle result in preservation of form and function at the donor site. The benefits of muscle transplantation can be realized without the associated morbidity of muscle harvest. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Objective Evidence for Optimum Knot Configuration
Authors: Lee Alex C. H. , Fahmy Ramy R. R. , Hanna George B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe knot configurations used in clinical practice often are based on tradition and previous training. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that knot quality improves with the addition of a single throw in two‐throw and three‐throw knots. We tested this hypothesis by using commonly used knot configurations and suture materials.MethodsThree suture materials, SURGIPRO, BIOSYN and POLYSORB, of 3‐0 caliber were used. The break force and integrated force of each material, a single‐hitch throw on each material, and 2160 knots of six configurations were measured by using tensiometry. The knot quality scores (KQS) of the different knot configurations were compared by using nonparametric tests.ResultsA single‐hitch throw on the suture material reduced the break force by up to 40%. The addition of an extra throw improved KQS in 2 × 1 × 1, 2 × 2, and 2 × 2 × 1 knots. The four‐throw knot configurations resulted in high KQS and low slippage rates. The 2 × 2 knots were most likely to slip and had the lowest KQS.ConclusionsIf a double‐hitch throw is used in the first throw, two to three further throws are recommended. The four‐throw knot configurations have the best knot qualities and should generally be used.
Surgical Outcome and Prognostic Factors in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Nakagohri Toshio , Kinoshita Taira , Konishi Masaru , Takahashi Shinichiro , Gotohda Naoto 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe clinicopathologic features and surgical outcome of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma are not fully understood.MethodsFifty‐six consecutive patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who underwent surgical resection at the National Cancer Center Hospital East between October 1992 and July 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas were subdivided into solitary tumors and tumors with intrahepatic metastasis.ResultsComplete tumor removal (R0 resection) was performed in 42 patients (75%). The 5‐year survival rate for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (n = 56), patients with a solitary tumor (n = 46), and patients with intrahepatic metastasis (n = 10) were 32, 38, and 0%, respectively. There was a significant difference in survival between patients with a solitary tumor and those with intrahepatic metastasis (p < 0.0001). The 5‐year survival rate for patients with stage I (n = 3), II (n = 9), III (n = 15), and IV disease (n = 26) was 100, 67, 37, and 0%, respectively. There was a significant difference in survival between stage I and stage IV (p = 0.011), between stage II and stage IV (p = 0.0002), and between stage III and stage IV (p = 0.0015). The most frequent site of recurrence was the liver. Univariate analysis showed that intrahepatic metastasis, portal vein invasion, hepatic duct invasion, lymph node metastasis, perineural invasion, and positive surgical margin (R1) were significantly associated with poor survival. Multivariate analysis confirmed that intrahepatic metastasis was a significant and independent prognostic indicator after surgical resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (p = 0.001). No patient with intrahepatic metastasis survived more than 10 months in this study.ConclusionsIntrahepatic metastasis was the strongest predictor of poor survival in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Effect of amino acids on cell proliferation and protein p53 expression in organotypic culture of lymphoid tissue from neonatal rats
Authors: Chalisova N.I. , Zakutskii A.N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe effect of the larger molecular weight l‐amino acids on the development of spleen explants from 1‐ and 21‐day rats in organotypic tissue culture was studied. The amino acids asparagine, lysine, arginine, and glutamic acid inhibited the growth zone of explants of immature tissue from 1‐day animals but had an opposite, stimulating, effect on mature spleen tissue of 21‐day rats. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a reciprocal correlation between the expression of the proapoptotic protein, p53, and T‐cell proliferation in response to lysine, asparagine, and glutamic acid. Interestingly only arginine reduced the area of p53 expression both in explants of mature and immature spleen tissue. The ability of arginine to reduce p53 expression can be suggested as one of the mechanisms of the tumor growth stimulation.
Secretion from acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas: Role of enteropancreatic reflexes and cholecystokinin
Authors: Singer Manfred V. , Niebergall‐Roth Elke 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAlthough the molecular machinery and mechanism of cell secretion in acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas is well documented and clear, only recently has the pharmacophysiology of pancreatic exocrine secretion come to light. Therefore, we focus in this article on the current understanding of the pharmacophysiology of pancreatic exocrine secretion. The pancreatic secretory response to ingestion of a meal is mediated via a complex interplay of neural, humoral and paracrine mediators. A major role in the control of the intestinal phase of pancreatic secretion is attributed to vago‐vagal enteropancreatic reflexes. In the scheme of this control mechanism, afferents originating in the duodenal mucosa, and efferents mediating central input on the pancreatic ganglia, activate intrapancreatic postganglionic neurons. Experiments utilizing specific receptor antagonists demonstrate the involvement of both muscarinic M1 and M3 receptors expressed in pancreatic acinar cells. Cholecystokinin (CCK), originally implicated in the humoral secretion of pancreatic enzymes, through a direct action on acinar CCK receptors, is also essential to the enteropancreatic reflex mechanism. CCK stimulation of the exocrine pancreatic secretion through excitation of sensory afferents of the enteropancreatic reflexes, is a paracrine mode of CCK action, and is probably the only one in humans and the predominant one in rats. In dogs, however, CCK acts on the pancreas via both the humoral and a paracrine route. More recent experiments suggest further possible sites of CCK action. Additionally, at the brain stem, vago‐vagal enteropancreatic reflexes may be modulated by input from higher brain centres, particularly the hypothalamic‐cholinergic system in the tonic stimulation of preganglionic neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus projecting into the pancreas.
Experimental reconsideration of the utility of serum starvation as a method for synchronizing mammalian cells
Authors: Cooper Stephen , Gonzalez‐Hernandez Mariam 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAccurate cell‐size determinations support the prediction that serum starvation and related whole‐culture methods cannot synchronize cells. Theoretical considerations predict that whole‐culture methods of synchronization cannot synchronize cells. Upon serum starvation, the fraction of cells with a G1‐phase amount of DNA increased, but the cell‐size distribution is not narrowed. In true synchronization, the cell‐size distribution should be narrower than the cell‐size distribution of the original culture. In contrast, cells produced by a selective (i.e. non‐whole‐culture) method have a specific DNA content, a narrow size distribution, and divide synchronously. The general theory leading to the conclusion that whole‐culture methods for synchronization do not work implies that one can generalize these serum‐starvation results to other cell lines and other whole‐culture methods, to conclude that these methods do not synchronize cells.
Association with actin mediates the EGTA‐resistant binding of cytosolic phospholipase A2‐α to the plasma membrane of activated platelets
Authors: Hastings Ann D. , Herbert Shane P. , Gawler Debra , Walker John H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe association of cytosolic phospholipase A2‐α (cPLA2α) with intracellular membranes is central to the generation of free arachidonic acid and thromboxane A2 in activated platelets. Despite this, the site and nature of this membrane association has not been fully characterised upon platelet activation. High resolution imaging showed that cPLA2α was distributed in a partly structured manner throughout the resting platelet. Upon glass activation or thrombin stimulation, cPLA2α relocated to a peripheral region corresponding to the platelet plasma membrane. Upon thrombin stimulation of platelets a major pool of cPLA2α was associated with the plasma membrane in an EGTA‐resistant manner. EGTA‐resistant membrane binding was abolished upon de‐polymerisation of actin filaments by DNase I and furthermore, cPLA2α co‐immunoprecipitated with actin upon thrombin stimulation of platelets. Immunofluorescence microscopy studies revealed that, upon platelet activation, cPLA2α and actin co‐localised at the plasma membrane. Thus we have identified a novel mechanism for the interaction of cPLA2α with its membrane substrate via interaction with actin.
Long term exercise capacity in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy treated with percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation
Authors: Malek Lukasz A. , Chojnowska Lidia , Klopotowski Mariusz , Maczynska Renata , Demkow Marcin , Witkowski Adam , Kusmierczyk Beata , Piotrowicz Ewa , Konka Marek , Dabrowski Maciej , Ruzyllo Witold 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground:In hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) improves functional capacity in the short term. However, long term functional capacity is unknown.Aim:To assess the long term exercise capacity of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy undergoing PTSMA.Methods:Twenty three patients (56.5% male, mean age 44.5±13.6 years) who underwent PTSMA were included. All patients had also undergone a symptom limited cardiopulmonary exercise treadmill test before the procedure, then after 3 months (early follow‐up) and after a mean 7.2±1.0 years (long term follow‐up).Results:Before PTSMA, mean maximal pressure gradient in the left outflow tract (LVOTGmax) was 82±29 mmHg, 17 patients had NYHA functional class ≥ III and peak oxygen uptake (pVO2) was 18±4 ml/kg/min. PTSMA led to a reduction in mean LVOTGmax (to 29 ± 19 mmHg. p<.0001), improvement of heart failure symptoms (NYHA≥III in 1 patient, p<.0001) and an increase of pVO2 (to 22±6 ml/kg/min, p =.0002) at short term. LVOTGmax, functional class and pVO2 did not change significantly during long term follow‐up compared to early follow‐up. However, there was a continuous improvement in percentage predicted pVO2 over time.Conclusions:In patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and symptoms of heart failure, PTSMA leads to stable long term improvement of objectively measured exercise capacity.
Feeding, oviposition and survival of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Bt and non-Bt cottons
Authors: Lei Z. , Liu T.-X. , Greenberg S.M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe effects of Bt transgenic cottons (Bt-I expressing cry1Ac and Bt-II expressing cry1Ab and cry2Ab or cry1Ab and cry1Fa) and non-Bt cottons on feeding, oviposition and longevity of adults, and development and survival of Liriomyza trifolii larvae were studied under laboratory conditions; and infestation on four Bt and two non-Bt cotton traits were investigated under field conditions. Laboratory choice and no-choice tests showed that L. trifolii adults were capable of distinguishing between Bt cottons and non-Bt cottons. In a choice test on younger plants (4–5 leaves), the adults were found more often and made more feeding punctures (FP) on non-Bt cottons than on Bt cottons. On older plants (8–9 leaves), adults made the most FP on non-Bt cotton followed by those on Bt-II cottons and the least on Bt-I cotton. The females oviposited more eggs (6.7 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt cotton than on Bt-I (1.7 eggs per leaf) and Bt-II (0.8 eggs per leaf) cottons on younger plants and oviposited similar numbers of eggs (0.7–1.3 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt and Bt cottons on older plants. In a no-choice test, the females also fed more FP on non-Bt cottons than on Bt cottons on both younger and older plants. The females oviposited more eggs (15.6 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt cotton than on Bt-I (8.2 eggs per leaf) and Bt-II (6.5 eggs per leaf) cottons on younger plants and similar numbers of eggs (2.5–3.3 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt and Bt cottons on older plants. Larval and puparial survivals were not different among Bt and non-Bt cottons. The occurrence and damage of leafminers on cottons in the field showed that L. trifolii infested more plants and leaves and had more mines on non-Bt cotton than on Bt cottons.
Detecting dominant QTL with variance component analysis in simulated pedigrees
Authors: ROWE SUZANNE J. , RICARDO PONG-WONG , HALEY CHRISTOPHER S. , KNOTT SARA A. , KONING DIRK-JAN DE 
Published: October 2008

SummaryDominance is an important source of variation in complex traits. Here, we have carried out the first thorough investigation of quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection using variance component (VC) models extended to incorporate both additive and dominant QTL effects. Simulation results showed that the empirical distribution of the test statistic when testing for dominant QTL effects did not behave in accordance with existing theoretical expectations and varied with pedigree structure. Extensive simulations were carried out to assess accuracy of estimates, type 1 error and statistical power in two-generation human-, poultry- and pig-type pedigrees each with 1900 progeny in small-, medium- and large-sized families, respectively. The distribution of the likelihood-ratio test statistic was heavily dependent on family structure, with empirical thresholds lower for human pedigrees. Power to detect QTL was high (0·84–1·0) in pig and poultry scenarios for dominance effects accounting for >7% of phenotypic variance but much lower (0·42) in human-type pedigrees. Maternal or common environment effects can be partially confounded with dominance and must be fitted in the QTL model. Including dominance in the QTL model did not affect power to detect additive QTL effects. Also, detection of spurious dominance QTL effects only occurred when maternal effects were not included in the QTL model. When dominance effects were present in the data but not in the analysis model, this resulted in spurious detection of additive QTL or inflated estimates of additive QTL effects. The study demonstrates that dominance can be included routinely in QTL analysis of general pedigrees; however, optimal power is dependent on selection of the appropriate thresholds for pedigree structure.