bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Sialoprotein Gene Transfer to Periodontal Ligament Cells May Not Be Sufficient to Promote Mineralization In Vitro or In Vivo
Authors: Hakki Sema S. , Wang Dian , Franceschi Renny T. , Somerman Martha J. 
Published: February 2006

Background: To improve regenerative therapies, it is important to understand the cells and factors modulating periodontal tissues. Our group has focused on bone sialoprotein (BSP), a mineralized tissue‐selective protein considered to be involved in the initiation of cementogenesis and osteogenesis. In this study, we examined whether gene transfer of BSP into periodontal ligament (PDL) cells would result in an increased ability of PDL cells to promote mineralization in vitro and in vivo.Methods: PDL cells obtained from CD‐1 mice were immortalized using simian virus (SV) 40 large T antigen (TAg) and designated SV‐PDL cells. SV‐PDL cells were infected in vitro with LacZ gene‐expressing control adenovirus vector. A 1,000 plaque‐forming unit (pfu) titer was selected (based on X‐gal staining) and cells were infected with mouse BSP‐expressing replication‐deficient adenoviral vector to determine the mRNA expression and protein level of BSP. Total RNA was isolated from cells on days 2, 4, and 6. Media were obtained on days 3, 5, and 7 for protein determination. Northern blot analysis was performed for mRNA expression and Western blot analysis for protein expression. To test the effect of BSP gene transfer on the mineralization of PDL cells, in vitro (von Kossa) and in vivo (severe combined immunodeficiency [SCID] mice) experiments were performed.Results: Under normal conditions, PDL cells do not express BSP transcripts and do not promote significant mineralization. SV‐PDL cells infected with a BSP viral vector expressed and secreted substantial levels of BSP as confirmed by Northern and Western blot analysis. BSP mRNA and protein levels were strong on day 2 and still apparent on day 6, although not as great. However, no mineral nodule formation was noted either in vitro or in vivo.Conclusions: Although BSP is an important and necessary protein for mineralization, it may not be sufficient for promoting mineralization without the addition or removal of other factors. Further studies will help to clarify the specific factors required for promoting mineralization, a required step for designing predictable periodontal regenerative therapies.
Phenotypic Study of Human Gingival Fibroblasts Labeled With Superparamagnetic Anionic Nanoparticles
Authors: Naveau Adrien , Smirnov Pierre , Ménager Christine , Gazeau Florence , Clément Olivier , Lafont Antoine , Gogly Bruno 
Published: February 2006

Background: A specific labeler of the human gingival fibroblast (HGF) does not exist. Anionic maghemite nanoparticles allow labeling of a wide cell variety and their recognition in cellular, organotypical, and animal models.Methods: We studied internalization effects of nanoparticles on an HGF phenotype in vitro, evaluating transcription and secretion of connective tissue remodeling molecules, i.e., matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and cytokines controlling their activation/inhibition, i.e., transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β1), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and interleukins 1β and 4 (IL‐1β and IL‐4). After proliferation kinetics, cellular uptake was studied by Perls coloration and magnetophoresis on labeled culture. Dot blotting, Western blotting, and zymography were used to detect MMP‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 and TIMP‐1 and ‐2 secretions in culture supernatants, and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was performed to detect the mRNA expression of these molecules. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were used to determine TGF‐β1, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐4 levels.Results: Our data indicated high (15.3 ± 5.8 pg/cell) but heterogeneous distribution of nanoparticles in HGF. Twenty‐four hours after labeling, MMP‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 and TIMP‐2 secretion increased (P <0.001) with RT‐PCR confirmation at 12 hours, whereas TIMP‐1 did not. IL‐1β increased at day 1 (D1) (P <0.001) and IL‐4 at D3 (P <0.01), but not TGF‐β1 or TNF‐α.Conclusions: After labeling with these maghemite nanoparticles, HGF increased secretion of IL‐1β at D1, probably inducing the increase of MMP‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 and TIMP‐2. The increase of IL‐4 secretion began with the decreased synthesis of MMPs and TIMPs at D3. Despite this transitory inflammatory reaction at 3 days following internalization, maghemite nanoparticles did not affect HGF phenotype, thereby authorizing their use as labelers.
Increased Intake of Dairy Products Is Related to Lower Periodontitis Prevalence
Authors: Al‐Zahrani Mohammad S. 
Published: February 2006

Background: An inverse association between calcium intake and periodontitis prevalence was recently reported. Dairy products are rich sources of calcium and other important nutrients. To date, it appears that the relationship between the intake of dairy products and periodontitis has not been investigated. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether or not there is an association between the intake of dairy products and periodontitis prevalence.Methods: A total of 12,764 individuals who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in this study. Individuals who had at least one site with an attachment loss ≥3 mm and a probing depth ≥4 mm were considered to have periodontitis. The intake of dairy products was categorized into quintiles. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used for data analyses.Results: Prevalence of periodontitis was 41% lower for individuals in the highest quintile of intake of dairy products than those in the lowest quintile (P <0.001 for trend). After adjusting for known and suspected periodontitis risk factors (age, gender, race\ethnicity, cigarette smoking, education, diabetes, poverty index, vitamin use, body mass index, physical activity, time since the last dental visit, dental calculus, and gingival bleeding), individuals in the highest quintile of intake of dairy products were 20% less likely to have periodontitis than those in the lowest quintile (P = 0.024 for trend).Conclusions: The results of this study showed an inverse association between the intake of dairy products and prevalence of periodontitis. Longitudinal and/or intervention studies are required to confirm these findings and to further examine the impact of a higher intake of dairy products on the prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
Characterization of Patients Presenting for Treatment to a University Refractory Periodontal Diseases Unit: Three Case Reports
Authors: Bhide Vinay M. , Tenenbaum Howard C. , Goldberg Michael B. 
Published: February 2006

Background: Of the many forms of periodontal disease, refractory periodontal diseases are the least characterized. They are defined as the continued degeneration of the periodontium despite adequate management. This has led to the suggestion that there may be a systemic component that is a contributing factor to the development of this condition. The objectives of this report were to follow the progression of clinical changes associated with periodontal disease over a number of years in this unique population and review various hematologic and microbiologic factors that may be contributing to the disease progression.Methods: Three subjects were profiled. They were referred to the Refractory Periodontal Disease Unit at the University of Toronto by periodontists or general practitioners in the Southern Ontario region. Complete medical and dental histories were obtained along with baseline clinical measurements. Periodontal examinations were facilitated with the use of a computer‐assisted periodontal probe. A microbiologic analysis using immunofluorescence techniques was able to detect Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and spirochetes. A hematologic analysis, including a complete blood count (CBC), immune profile, and glycosylated hemoglobin assay, was also performed.Results: The clinical presentation revealed that patients receiving adequate maintenance therapy and with good to excellent oral hygiene demonstrated sites with continual loss of attachment. Few periodontal pathogens were detected. However, the most significant finding appeared to be the report elevated levels of CD8+ cells within this group of patients compared to normal laboratory ranges.Conclusions: This report is an attempt at characterizing a unique population within the periodontal realm. The long‐term monitoring of these patients allowed for an assessment of factors that may be involved in the continued decline of the periodontal health of these patients. Based on the immune profile, it is possible that a hyperresponsive state may be the primary feature of this population. Future assessments, including full‐mouth interleukin (IL)‐1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 levels, may assist in characterizing this population further, with the goal of producing markers that will assist clinicians in predicting treatment outcome.
The Effects of Antimicrobial Sprays and Mouthrinses on Supragingival Plaque Regrowth: A Comparative Study
Authors: Pizzo Giuseppe , Guiglia Rosario , Imburgia Mario , Pizzo Ignazio , D'Angelo Matteo , Giuliana Giovanna 
Published: February 2006

Background: Due to the side effects of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) mouthrinsing, a spray has been proposed as an alternative method of CHX delivery to the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to investigate the plaque inhibitory effects of CHX, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), and triclosan (TRN) delivered by sprays and mouthrinses.Methods: The study was an observer‐masked, randomized cross‐over design balanced for carryover effects, involving 15 healthy volunteers in a 4‐day plaque regrowth model. Products being tested (0.2% CHX, 0.12% CHX, 0.05% CPC, and 0.03% TRN) were used both as sprays and mouthrinses. A saline solution served as a negative control. On day 1, subjects received professional prophylaxis, suspended oral hygiene measures, and commenced using their allocated products. On day 5, subjects were scored for disclosed plaque.Results: CHX sprays (P <0.01) were the most effective sprays in preventing plaque regrowth, without significant differences between the two concentrations tested (P >0.05). TRN spray showed a significant inhibition of plaque regrowth in comparison to the negative control (P <0.05). CPC spray did not differ from saline spray (P >0.05). A similar trend of efficacy was detected for rinses. Although the effect on plaque regrowth observed with CHX rinses was superior to that of CHX sprays (P <0.0003), the latter did not cause side effects (P >0.2).Conclusions: These findings, together with those from clinical trials, suggest that the CHX‐containing sprays may represent an effective alternative to CHX rinses when mechanical oral hygiene has to be avoided in restricted areas. On the contrary, the TRN and CPC sprays showed little or no plaque inhibitory effects.
Description of Two New Cathepsin C Gene Mutations in Patients With Papillon‐Lefèvre Syndrome
Authors: Wani Aijaz Ahmad , Devkar Nihal , Patole Milind S. , Shouche Yogesh S. 
Published: February 2006

Background: Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal disorder characterized by severe periodontitis and palmar plantar hyperkeratosis (PPK). PLS is caused by mutations in the cathepsin C (CTSC) gene. Dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) encoded by the CTSC locus removes dipeptides from the amino terminus of the protein substrate and mainly plays an important role in immune and inflammatory processes. Several mutations have been reported in this gene in patients with PLS. This study reports two novel deletion mutation of the CTSC gene in two Indian families with PLS.Methods: Peripheral blood samples were obtained for genomic DNA isolation from individuals belonging to two Indian families. Exon‐specific intronic primers were used to amplify DNA from all individuals, and the PCR products were subsequently sequenced to detect the mutations. Heteroduplex analysis (HDA) was used to confirm heterozygosity and to determine the presence of mutations in control individuals.Results: All patients from both families had a classic PLS phenotype, which included PPK and severe periodontitis. Sequence analysis of the CTSC gene revealed two novel deletion mutations, one (1213‐1215delCAT) in exon 7 and the other (629‐630delGA) in exon 4 of the CTSC gene. For both mutations, the patients were homozygous, whereas the parents were heterozygous.Conclusions: This study reports two novel deletion mutations in two Indian families with PLS. One of the mutations introduces a premature stop codon, thereby producing a truncated protein. In the other case, the mutation observed leads to the loss of a highly conserved histidine molecule that is present in the active site of the enzyme. In both cases, mutations may result in a conformation change, causing loss of the enzymatic activity.
A Systematic Review on the Effects of the Chlorhexidine Chip When Used as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Cosyn Jan , Wyn Iris 
Published: February 2006

Background: Several local antimicrobial agents, such as a bioabsorbable chlorhexidine chip, have been developed to enhance the outcome of non‐surgical periodontal therapy.Methods: Electronic (MEDLINE and Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialized Trials Register) and manual searches were performed to detect studies concerning the use of the chlorhexidine chip as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Only full‐text randomized controlled trials published in English up to June 2005 were included.Results: Five studies were finally selected following independent screening by two reviewers. Due to considerable heterogeneity in study design, a qualitative data analysis was performed. Multicenter studies have indicated significantly higher pocket reductions and clinical attachment gains following a combination of mechanical debridement and repeated chlorhexidine chip administration in comparison to scaling and root planing alone. However, some recent studies failed to confirm the additional value of the chlorhexidine chip. A number of interstudy disparities with respect to methodological quality and study design may account for this lack of accordance.Conclusions: The clinical and microbiological data currently available on the chlorhexidine chip are limited and conflicting. More research is needed to elucidate the additional value of the chlorhexidine chip when used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing.
Genome-Wide Interaction Study of Dietary Intake and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the UK Biobank
Authors: Hoang Tung , Cho Sooyoung , Choi Ji-Yeob , Kang Daehee , Shin Aesun 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceCandidate gene analysis approaches have shown that colorectal cancer (CRC) risk attributable to diet may differ according to genotype. A genome-wide approach further allows for the exploration of underlying pathways for associations between diet and CRC risk across the genome.ObjectivesTo identify genetic variants that modify diet-CRC associations and to further explore the underlying pathways in the cause of CRC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nested case-control study used data on White British participants from the prospective cohort UK Biobank. Participants were recruited between March 13, 2006, and October 1, 2010, and data were censored June 25, 2021.ExposuresThe average frequency intake of 11 dietary factors in the year preceding baseline was obtained via a touchscreen questionnaire. After quality control for more than 93 million variants of imputed genetic data, 4 122 345 variants remained.Main Outcomes and MeasuresColorectal cancer cases were identified according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision. Genome-wide interaction analysis was performed to test interactions between dietary factors and variants using a conditional logistic regression model. Summary statistics of interactions at the variant level were used to calculate empirical P values for interactions at gene and gene-set levels in gene-based and gene-set enrichment analyses.ResultsA total of 4686 participants with CRC (mean [SD] age, 60.7 [6.6] years; 2707 men [57.8%]) received a new diagnosis during a median of 12.4 years (IQR, 11.6-13.1 years) of follow-up. Once a case was detected, 3 matched controls were identified, for a total of 14 058 controls (mean [SD] age, 60.4 [6.6] years; 8121 men [57.8%]). A total of 324 variants were identified that interacted with diet consumption at the suggestive threshold (P &amp;lt; 1 × 10−5). In gene-based analysis, aggregation of multiple EPDR1 gene variants was found to interact with fish intake regarding CRC risk. Furthermore, gene-set enrichment analysis found that several sets of protein-coding genes, which were overrepresented with particular functions and pathways, interacted with the consumption of milk (ART), cheese (OR), tea (KRT), and alcohol (PRM and TNP).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this nested case-control study, the risk of CRC associated with fish intake was modified by multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the EPDR1 gene. The findings further suggested possible functions and pathways that might link the consumption of milk, cheese, tea, and alcohol with CRC development.
The reciprocal relationship between child maltreatment and children's bullying victimization in China
Authors: Xie Ruibo , Wu Wei , Jiang Min , Sun Zhaoxing , Li Weijian , Ding Wan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChildren who experience physical and psychological maltreatment within their family are more likely to become victims of abuse outside the family. In Chinese culture, children's victimization may also be a precursor to parenting behaviors. Nevertheless, the reciprocal relationship between child maltreatment and children's bullying victimization remains unclear, particularly in Chinese culture. This study aimed to evaluate the reciprocal association between child maltreatment and children's bullying victimization in China, as well as its gender differences. A total of 891 children aged 8–11 years in China participated in the study at four time points. The potential reciprocal link was examined using a cross‐lagged model. The results indicated that physical abuse predicted children's bullying victimization across four time points, while physical neglect predicted children's bullying victimization during the first three time points. The effects of emotional abuse and neglect were negligible. Conversely, children's bullying victimization consistently predicted various types of parental maltreatment over time. Some gender differences in the relationship were found. The findings emphasized a reciprocal relationship between child maltreatment within the family and children's bullying victimization at school. Understanding the cyclical patterns between child maltreatment and bullying victimization may help improve family education approaches and reduce children's bullying victimization.
Latent Tuberculosis Screening Among New Users of a Biologic or Targeted Synthetic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drug: Gaps in Screening Overall and Among Janus Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Roberts Eric T. , Schmajuk Gabriela , Li Jing , Murrill Matthew , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveWe combined claims and electronic health record (EHR) data to provide contemporary and accurate estimates of latent tuberculosis (TB) screening among new users of a biologic or targeted synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (b/tsDMARD) and assess potential gaps in testing by drug type, patient characteristics, and practice.MethodsOur denominator population was patients in the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) registry and Medicare using a b/tsDMARD in 2018 without a claim or prescription in the year prior. TB screening was assessed in both Medicare and RISE 1 and 3 years before the medication start date. We calculated the proportion screened overall, by medication class, and by practice. We tested for demographic differences in screening using logistic regression.ResultsIn the year before drug starts, 65.6% of patients had any TB screening; in a 3‐year window, 72.9% had any TB screening. Rates of screening within 1 year by drug type were greater or equal to the overall screening rate for most drugs except for JAK inhibitors (JAKis) (46%) and interleukin‐17 inhibitors (IL‐17is) (11.5%). A lower proportion of Hispanic and Asian patients were screened compared with White patients. Practice screening rates ranged from 20.0% to 92.9% of patients within 1 year.ConclusionWe report higher screening rates than have previously been published because of combining claims and EHR data. However, important safety gaps remain, namely, reduced screening among new users of a JAKi or IL‐17i and among Asian and Hispanic patients, as well as low‐performing practices. Educational initiatives, team‐based care delivery, task shifting, and technological interventions to address observed gaps in patient safety procedures are needed.
“Three‐in‐one”: A Photoactivable Nanoplatform Evokes Anti‐Immune Response by Inhibiting BRD4‐cMYC‐PDL1 Axis to Intensify Photo‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Mohanty Ayeskanta , Lee Mingyu , Mohapatra Adityanarayan , Lee Hwangjae , Vasukutty Arathy , Baek Seonguk , Lee Jae Young , Park In‐Kyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCombinatorial immuno‐cancer therapy is recognized as a promising approach for efficiently treating malignant tumors. Yet, the development of multifunctional nanomedicine capable of precise tumor targeting, remote activation, and immune‐regulating drug delivery remains a significant challenge. In this study, nanoparticles loaded with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (JQ‐1) using polypyrrole/hyaluronic acid (PPyHA/JQ‐1) are developed. These nanoparticles offer active tumor targeting, photothermal tumor ablation using near‐infrared light, and laser‐controlled JQ‐1 release for efficient breast cancer treatment. When the molecular weight of HA varies (from 6.8 kDa to 3 MDa) in the PPyHA nanoparticles, it is found that the nanoparticles synthesized using 1 MDa HA, referred to as PPyHA (1 m), show the most suitable properties, including small hydrodynamic size, high surface HA contents, and colloidal stability. Upon 808 nm laser irradiation, PPyHA/JQ‐1 elevates the temperature above 55 °C, which is sufficient for thermal ablation and active release of JQ‐1 in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Notably, the controlled release of JQ‐1 substantially inhibits the expression of cancer‐promoting genes. Furthermore, PPyHA/JQ‐1 effectively suppresses the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and prolongs dendritic cell maturation and CD8+ T cell activation against the tumor both in vitro and in vivo. PPyHA/JQ‐1 treatment simultaneously provides a significant tumor regression through photothermal therapy and immune checkpoint blockade, leading to a durable antitumor‐immune response. Overall, “Three‐in‐one” immunotherapeutic photo‐activable nanoparticles have the potential to be beneficial for a targeted combinatorial treatment approach for TNBC.