bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routine obstetric ultrasound: Effectiveness of cross‐sectional screening for fetal growth retardation
Authors: Ferrazzi Enrico , Nicolini Umberto , Kustermann Alessandra , Pardi Giorgio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSonographic detection of fetal growth retardation was evaluated on a sample of 778 patients routinely scanned over a 16‐month period. From the 29th week to term, the sensitivity of abdominal circumference measurement progressively increased from 41% to 88% (P < 0.01). Higher rates were achieved by using the biparietal diameter but false‐positive diagnoses were twice as frequent as with the abdominal measurements. When the limitations in precision of abdominal circumference were considered, the screening rate of this parameter increased about 16%. Moreover, 50% of the falsenegative diagnoses were made on fetuses weighing between the fifth and 10th centiles at birth. These diagnostic indices for biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference evaluated on a retrospective series proved to be lower than those reported for the prospective selected series. However, the results yielded by routine ultrasound were better than those obtained with clinical or traditional biochemical methods. These findings underline the importance of sonography not only in serial control of high‐risk pregnancies but also in cross‐sectional screening programs.
Benign circumscribed lesions of the liver diagnosed by ultrasonically guided fine‐needle biopsy
Authors: Spamer Cornelia , Brambs Hans‐Jürgen , Koch Herbert K. , Gerok Wolfgang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytologic evaluation of aspirates obtained by ultrasonically guided puncture of circumscribed lesions leads to the diagnosis of a malignant lesion when tumor cells are detected. In the absence of tumor cells, it remains uncertain whether the focus had been biopsied correctly, since the histologic diagnosis of a benign focal lesion can only occasionally be made by means of cytologic smears. Cases are presented showing circumscribed lesions of the liver. With a cut‐biopsy fine needle, small cylinders of tissue were obtained under ultrasonic guidance and examined after histologic preparation. In each case, a benign focal lesion could be diagnosed, proving that the observed lesion had been correctly biopsied.
Evaluation of fetal thigh circumference measurements: A comparative ultrasound and anatomical study
Authors: Warda Ahmed , Deter Russell L. , Duncan Greg , Hadlock Frank P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis investigation is concerned with establishing the anatomical location of the site proposed for making fetal thigh circumference (ThC) measurements with ultrasound.1 An evaluation of the accuracy of ultrasonic ThC measurements has also been made. The results of these studies indicate that the change in femur profile (polygonal to oval) used to identify the site of measurement (transition plane) occurs at the junction of the upper and middle thirds of the thigh, at the level of the proximal nutrient foramen of the femur. Ultrasonic ThC measurements are systematically larger (mean: 4.3%; range: 1.3–10.3%) than comparable anatomical measurements. Measurements made within 1–2 cm of the transition plane are quite similar, demonstrating that exact positioning of the plane is not necessary. These results indicate that ThC measurements can be made in a reliable manner and thus could be used to detect changes in soft tissue mass and improve weight estimation procedures.
Sonography of Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: Hayashi Nobushige , Tamaki Nagara , Konishi Jugji , Yonekura Yoshiharu , Senda Michio , Kaeagi Kanji , Yamamoto Kazutaka , Iida Yasuhiro , Misaki Takashi , Endo Keigo , Torizuka Kanji , Mori Toru 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifty‐three untreated patients with histologically confirmed Hashimoto's thyroiditis were divided into two groups according to the echogenicity of the thyroid. In 25 cases, the echogenicity of the thyroid was almost the same as or less than that of the adjacent muscles. Such cases were classified as group A. The other 28 cases were classified as group B. Mean T4 levels in group A were significantly lower than those in group B. In addition, the cases in group A had abnormally low T4 and abnormally high TSH more frequently than those in group B. In all cases in group A, there was severe degeneration and disappearance of thyroid follicles, whereas in most of the cases in group B, follicles of normal size were generally seen. Hypoechogenicity of the thyroid is a sign suggesting hypothyroidism and severe follicular degeneration.
Evaluation of three methods for estimating fetal weight
Authors: Hill Lyndon M. , Breckle Robert , Wolfgram Kim R. , O'Brien Peter C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree ultrasonic methods for estimating fetal weight (Campbell, Warsof, and Shepard) were compared in 124 singleton pregnancies. Fetal abdominal circumference was obtained by use of a map measurer and from diameter measurements and the equation for the circumference of a circle. Campbell's formula for estimating fetal weight was superior between 2,000 and 4,000 g, whereas Shepard's method was slightly better below 2,000 g and over 4,000 g. Hence, varied fetal anthropometric characteristics make it mandatory that several methods be evaluated by each institution before one is selected. With the methods of Campbell and Shepard, use of diameter measurements and the equation for the circumference of a circle resulted in a more accurate estimated fetal weight than when a map measurer was used.
Ultrasonographic findings in the livers of patients with lepromatous leprosy
Authors: Doehring Ekkehard , Reider Frank , Dittrich Matthias , Coddi Zitsamele 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAbdominal ultrasonography, including assessment of the liver, spleen, pancreas, great abdominal vessels, and kidneys, was carried out in seven patients with lepromatous leprosy, six patients with tuberculoid leprosy, and 32 healthy Congolese controls. Abnormal ultrasound findings were predominantly detected in the livers of patients with lepromatous leprosy and included an inhomogeneous echo texture of the hepatic parenchyma in all cases. Furthermore, six patients revealed echodense, partly irregular areas up to 1.5 cm × 3 cm in size distributed throughout the liver. These were associated with shadowing and were considered to contain calcium. No abnormal findings were encountered in controls or in patients with tuberculoid leprosy except for one patient with tuberculoid leprosy who had a rounded caudal liver edge. The sizes and volumes of liver, spleen, and kidneys were not different in the three groups.
Tolerance intervals for standards in ultrasound measurements: Determination of BPD standards
Authors: Wexler Shraga , Fuchs Camil , Golan Abraham , David Menachem P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStandards for the relationship between BPD and gestational age are used for the assessment of fetal size. We measured the BPD in 310 women with exact gestational age in a cross‐sectional study. Two types of BPD charts were constructed based on tolerance intervals: (1) directly from measurements and (2) after model fitting. We found that the tolerance intervals based on the model are smoother and narrower than those achieved by direct determinations. The fit, advantages, and prospects of the model are discussed.
Further studies on ultrasonic properties of blood clots
Authors: Shung K. K. , Fei D. Y. , Ballard J. O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo‐dimensional echocardiography has been found to be an effective clinical tool in diagnosing intracardiac thrombi. Misdiagnosis may, however, still frequently occur because of the difficulty in differentiating the thrombi from other intracavitary masses based only on the echographic appearance of these structures. Ultrasonic tissue characterization techniques have been used in attempts to minimize this diagnostic uncertainty. Previously. we have shown that all ultrasonic parameters of blood, including ultrasonic backscatter, a quantitative measure of echogenicity, at 7.5 MHz increase rapidly following clotting. In this article, we report recent results on the measurements of attenuation and backscatter of thrombi as a function of time following clotting over the frequency range of 3 MHz to 8 MHz. These results indicate that ultrasonic backscatter from thrombi 12 h old is at least 18 dB higher than that of unclotted blood over the frequency range of 3 MHz to 8 MHz, and the slope of the attenuation coefficient is increased to 0.43 dR/cm‐MHz. Comparison with the back‐scatter of bovine myocardium shows that the myocardium is more echogenic than fresh thrombi and is less echogenic than thrombi 12 to 24 h old. Similar results were also obtained for integrated backscatter measurements over the same frequency range.
Procedural hazards of neonatal ultrasonography
Authors: DiPietro Michael A. , Faix Roger G. , Donn Steven M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNeonatal ultrasonography entails potential procedural hazards to the newborn infant. When performing ultrasound studies, the examiner may inadvertently move the endotracheal tube or may facilitate the spread of infection from one baby to another. The examiner should also be aware that the pressure of applying the transducer to the scalp is transmitted to the central nervous system and that the baby may become hypothermic during the procedure. Precautions include minimizing head and neck movement and application of pressure on the fontanel, using prewarmed coupling gel, which is removed after scanning, careful handwashing, and wiping the transducer with 70% isopropyl alcohol or 2% alkalinized glutaraldehyde between studies.
Digital averaging to facilitate two‐dimensional echocardiographic measurements
Authors: Petrovic Olivera , Feigenbaum Harvey , Armstrong William F. , Ryan Thomas , West Steven R. , Creen‐Hess Deborah , Stewart Janie , Friedmeyer Jennifer L. Mattson , Fineberg Naomi S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA problem in quantitative two‐dimensional echocardiography is myocardial dropout of still frame images. This study was designed to evaluate the ability of digital averaging to overcome myocardial dropout without distorting quantitative measurements. Forty‐one percent of 80 digitally averaged images were thought to be improved by five independent observers, whereas 78 showed some deterioration. Measurements obtained from processed images were statistically identical (r ≥ 0.9) to those from three arithmetically averaged, unprocessed images in 60 patients. Digital averaging can improve image quality without measurement distortion and should facilitate two‐dimensional echocardiographic quantitation.
Fetal weight estimates in late pregnancy with emphasis on macrosomia
Authors: Miller Joseph M. , Korndorffer Frederick A. , Gabert Harvey A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effectiveness of three methods (Shepard et al,1 Hadlock et al,3 and Hansmann10) for estimating fetal weight was evaluated in 150 patients at greater than 36 weeks menstrual age. All infants were > 2,500 at birth. Only the method of Hadlock et al3 did not systematically underestimate birth weight. When separate weight subclasses (2,500 to 4,999 g) were examined, the method of Hadlock et al3 showed better consistency. All models, however, had significant underestimates for the largest subclasses, 4,000 to 4,999 g. The ability to predict the macrosomic infant (24,000 g) was only slightly better using the method of Hadlock et al3 than by the formula of Shephard et al.1
Quantitative analysis of ultrasonogram of the prostate
Authors: Kimura Akira , Nakamura Shohei , Niizuma Masaharu , Hoshino Toh , Niijima Tadao , Ohashi Yasuo , Higuchi Teruo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 51 cases with prostatic cancer, 88 with prostatic hypertrophy, 109 with prostatitis, and 174 normal subjects, the following five parameters were calculated from prostatic ultrasonograms scanned transrectally; prostatic weight (W), presumed circle area ratio (PCAR), anteroposterior diameterltransverse diameter (ATR), asymmetry index (ASI), and dissimilarity index (DSI). The W and PCAR were higher in cancer and hypertrophy than in prostatitis and normal subjects. The ATR and AS1 were higher in cancer. The DSI was lower in hypertrophy. A canonical discriminant analysis using these five parameters disclosed two canonical variates that were useful to separate the disease entities: one separated cancer and hypertrophy from prostatitis and normal subjects, and the other separated cancer from hypertrophy. The coefficients of these variates indicated that cancer was separated from prostatitis and normal subjects by increases in W and ATR and from hypertrophy by the greater effect of increases in ATR (as compared to PCAR) and the small increases in W.
Failure of fluosol DA to enhance the ultrasonic image of infarcted myocardium
Authors: Vasey Charles G. , Armstrong William F. , West Steven R. , Waller Bruce F. , Dillon James C. , Feigenbaum Harvey 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe perfluorocarbon Fluosol DA has been reported to increase the subjective echogenicity of infarcted myocardium. To investigate this phenomenon, two‐dimensional echocardiograms were recorded in 20 closed‐chest dogs before and 24,48,72, and 96 h following permanent coronary artery occlusion. Low‐dose Fluosol, 10ml/kg (LDF) (four dogs), high‐dose Fluosol, 25 ml/kg (HDF) (eight dogs), or lactated Ringers 25 ml/kg (LR) (eight dogs) was administered 48 h after occlusion. Left ventricular sections corresponding to the short‐axis echocardiographic examination plane were stained with nitroblue tetrazolium 48 h after Fluosol administration. Short‐axis echocardiographic studies were evaluated by two blinded observers who found no consistent increase in the echogenicity of the infarcted area in any group. Videodensitometry of the infarcted area, normalized to the average value of two remote areas, confirmed mean post‐Fluosol increases of 66% in LR dogs, 65% in LDF dogs, and 107% in HDF animals (p < 0.001 for all dogs; all intergroup comparisons NS). The increase in videodensity observed in all groups may have occurred as a consequence of volume administration, although changes in infarct intensity occurring over time cannot be excluded.
Effect of steroid ingestion on pancreatic echogenicity
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Arenson Anna‐Marie , McKee John D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPancreatic and liver ultrasound examinations of twenty‐five patients without evidence of liver or pancreatic disease and who had been on Prednisone (greater than 7.5 mg per day for longer than six months) were compared with corresponding age‐ and sex‐matched normal controls. Statistical analysis enabled effects of known variables that determine pancreatic echogenicity to be taken into account and showed that steroid ingestion had a statistically significant effect on pancreatic echogenicity, a previous unreported observation.
Use of a vaginal transducer for oocyte retrieval in an IVF/ET program
Authors: Wikland Matts , Enk Lennart , Hammarberg Karin , Nilsson Lars 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSonography has proved to be an important diagnostic and operative instrument in an in‐vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET) program. In some IVF/ET programs the technique has even replaced laparoscopy for oocyte retrieval. To date, transvesical follicle aspiration has been the main technique for ultrasound‐guided oocyte pick‐up. However, this technique has some disadvantages. Therefore, we have developed a transvaginal ultrasound‐guided puncturing technique. A new high‐frequency vaginal sector transducer was utilized (Brüel & Kjaer). This new transducer, equipped with a needle guide, changed the oocyte retrieval into a simple, safe, and rapid procedure that can be performed under local anesthesia without any discomfort for the patient.
In vivo radiofrequency ultrasound analysis of normal human heart structures
Authors: Lattanzi Fabio , Picano Eugenio , Mazzarisi Alessandro , Landini Luigi , Benassi Antonio , Masini Michele , Distante Alessandro , L'Abbate Antonio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty young subjects were studied with microprocessor system for quantitative analysis of backscattered radiofrequency (RF) signals from normal heart structures. This system allows an “on line” quantitative evaluation of the amplitude of the RF “native” signal, before the chain of processing and display, with the acquisition gate displayed on conventional M‐mode machine.Septum, posterior wall, and anterior mitral leaflet were analyzed. The gate length was kept at 3 μs (2.35 mm) for the ventricular walls (excluding endo‐ and epicardial reflections), and at 1 μ s (0.8 mm) for the mitral valve. Integrated backscatter index (IBI) was calculated as the time integral of |u(t)|, where u(t) = i(t) × s(t); i(t) is the time sequence of backscattered echoes and s(t) is the time gate delimiting the thickness of the insonated tissue. The IBI was expressed in percent, normalized for the pericardial interface (the strongest reflection was assumed to be 100%). The percent IBI for the septum was found to be 22 ± 4%; for the posterior wall it was 17 ± 3%; for the anterior mitral leaflet it was 5 ± 2%. A second reading of the same structures was performed by the previous observer and by new one. Good intraobserver (r = 0.92) and inter‐observer (r = 0.88) correlations were obtained. In conclusion, regional variation in echo amplitude from different heart structures can be observed in man. This set of values can be used as normal values for future studies in pathologic conditions.
Sonographic detection of monoamniotic twins
Authors: Blane Caroline E. , DiPietro Michael A. , Johnson Mary Z. , White Susan J. , Louwsma Grace I. , Hamman Joan E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe true incidence of monoamniotic twinning has been almost impossible to determine accurately because it requires closer inspection of hte membranes and placenta at delivery than is usually performed. Sonography of 3440 patients presenting for genetic amniocentesis identified 39 twin gestations, one of which was monoamniotic (0.026%). Prospectively with ultrasound, four of the twin gestations had been thought to be monoamniotic. A. more recent case of suspected monoamniotic twinning revealed two sacs when newer computer‐based real‐time equipment with variable focusing capability and improved spatial resolution was used. Sonographic diagnosis of monoamniotic twinning must be accurate since it identifies patients at higher risk for cord accidents. These patients need obstetrical care appropriate for a pregnancy at high risk. In addition, failure to identify a second sac that could harbor a chromosomally abnormal fetus has both medical and legal implications. State‐of‐the‐art ultrasound equipment and attention to detail is required.
Use of transrectal radial scan ultrasonography in evaluating the extent of uterine cervical cancer
Authors: Yuhara Akira , Akamatsu Nobuo , Sekiba Kaoru 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransrectal radial scan ultrasonography has been performed in 180 cases of stage Ib, IIa, or IIb uterine cervical cancer. Increases in the parametrial length, width, their product, and internal echo intensity as well as shift of the cervix to the side of more severe induration have been demonstrated, irrespective of the presence or absence of menstruation, as the clinical infiltration becomes more severe. Furthermore, concerning the presence or absence of histologic infiltration, there is a very strong possibility of a cancerous infiltration in cases of mass formation in the parametrium.
Ultrasonic assessment of endometrial cancer invasion
Authors: Lehtovirta Pentti , Cacciatore Bruno , Wahlström Torsten , Ylöstalo Pekka 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPreoperative ultrasonic evaluation of tumor invasion was performed in 24 patients with endometrial cancer and compared with intraoperative and histologic evaluation. Uterine volume and shape detected by ultrasound were not significantly associated with cancer stage. In all the patients intrauterine echoes were found. Myometrial invasion was superficial (<1/3) in 15 patients, moderate in 2 patients (1/3–2/3), deep in 2 patients, (>2/3), and beyond the uterus in 5 patients. Ultrasonic prediction of invasion was accurate in 19 cases (79.3%). In 4 patients superficial invasion has been classified as moderate and in 1 case invasion beyond the uterus was classified as deep.
Ultrasonically controlled retrieval of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) in early pregnancy
Authors: Shalev Eliezer , Edelstein Shmuel , Engelhard Joel , Weiner Ehud , Zuckerman Henryk 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRemoval of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) in nonpregnant patients under ultrasonic guidance has previously been reported, but results of the method in pregnancy are controversial. In the present study removal of the IUCD was performed in 16 women who conceived with the device in place. Four women were scheduled for pregnancy termination and 12 women wished to continue their pregnancy. Removal was successful in all 16 patients with minimal complications. Fetal loss occurred in one case out of the 12 who wished to continue their pregnancy. The procedure was found to be feasible even in cases with the IUCD located behind the gestational sac. We suggest ultrasonic guided removal of the IUCD during pregnancy to be the method of choice.
The diagnosis of fetal hydrocephalus prior to 22 weeks
Authors: Benacerraf Beryl R. , Birnholz Jason C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe prenatal diagnosis of hydrocephalus is described in 11 cases between 17 and 21 weeks using two sonographic criteria. These sonographic findings involve the asymmetrical appearance of the choroid plexus and the size and configuration of the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles. We have found that these criteria can accurately diagnose fetal hydrocephalus in the first half of the second trimester.
Noninvasive Doppler assessment of renal artery stenosis and hemodynamics
Authors: Greene Ernest R. , Avasthi Pratap S. , Hodges Jeremy W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe present a review of ultrasonic Doppler methods (duplex scanning) used in the noninvasive assessment of renal artery stenosis and hemodynamics. The clinically successful applications of ultrasonic Doppler methods to the noninvasive assessment of the peripheral and cerebral vasculatures have prompted investigators to apply these methods to the renal artery. Various Doppler criteria for the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis have given sensitivities and specificities that range from 31% to 91% and 88% to 100%, respectively. Furthermore, estimates of renal vascular flows and resistances can be made in echogenic subjects. The technical success rate of the method is operator dependent, consequently, reliable duplex scanning of the renal arteries may be limited to experienced ultrasound laboratories.
Application of ultrasound in the diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy—a review of the literature
Authors: van Dam Peter A. , Vanderheyden Jozef S. , Uyttenbroeck Frans 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe world literature between 1979 and 1984 has been reviewed in regard to the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy. Although ultrasonography is helpful in detecting the intrauterine pregnancy, it is far less accurate for diagnosing the associated ectopic pregnancy. A clear‐cut ultrasonographic diagnosis prior to surgical intervention could be made in only 4 of 29 cases (14%), where viable intra‐ and extrauterine fetuses were observed.