bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel 3D biomaterials for tissue engineering based on collagen and macroporous ceramics
Authors: Röker S. , Diederichs S. , Stark Y. , Böhm S. , Ochoa I. , Sanz J.A. , García‐Aznar J. M. , Doblaré M. , van Griensven M. , Scheper T. , Kasper C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this study, different collagen and ceramic based materials were characterized concerning their mechanical and biocompatible properties. Therefore, they were tested in static and dynamic cultivation using human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue. Zirconia based macroporous ceramic materials with different BET surface areas (Sponceram® 30/90, Sponceram® 30/145) and surface coatings (Hydroxyapatit, Titandioxide: Sponceram®/HA, Sponceram®/Ti) were mechanically evaluated regarding their maximal tension, maximal deformation and their permeability. The maximal tension and maximal deformation of the different ceramic materials were comparable though the permeability of the uncoated ceramic with the largest BET surface area (Sponceram® 30/90) was significantly increased compared to the other ceramics. A porous collagen matrix (Matristypt®) and a porous collagen‐elastin‐matrix (Matriderm®) were similarly evaluated concerning their maximal tension and maximal deformation and compared with decellularized skin. The maximal deformations of the porous collagen materials were comparable but significantly increased compared to decellularized skin. The maximal tension of the porous matrices was five times lower than the maximal tension of decellularized skin. For the evaluation for cell culture applications, Sponceram®, Sponceram®/HA and two collagen meshes (Matristypt®, Matriderm®) were seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells. Sponceram® was compared to β‐Tricalciumphosphate. The scaffolds were cultivated under static conditions over a time period of 14 days or 21 days respectively. The cell proliferation was examined in regular intervals using MTT assay. The cells growing on the collagen‐elastin matrix showed increased proliferation in comparison to the cells grown on the pure collagen matrix. The ceramic materials tested statically in cell culture (Sponceram®, Sponceram®/HA) did not show different influence on the proliferation of seeded cells but it was increased compared to the proliferation of the cells seeded on β‐Tricalciumphosophate. In a rotating bed bioreactor system (Z®RP system, Zellwerk GmbH) the human mesenchymal stem cells were cultured under dynamic conditions on Sponceram® over a time period of 47 days using osteogenic differentiation medium. Continuous increasing glucose consumption and lactate production gives evidence of good cell proliferation. After cultivation, the Sponceram® discs were stained with von kossa and alizarin red which showed matrix calcification. In summary, the tested collagen‐ and ceramic materials are applicable for the cell culture applications whereas the ceramic materials are presenting a promising approach for bone tissue engineering implementations.
Social capital and information science research
Authors: Johnson Catherine A. , Raber Douglas , Jaeger Paul T. , Williams Kate 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe concept of social capital has become a popular area of research in many social science fields, including public policy, political science, economics, community development, sociology, anthropology, and education. Increasingly, it has been used as the conceptual framework for research in the area of information studies including such topics as knowledge integration (Bhandar, Pan & Tan, 2007), knowledge sharing (Huysman & Wulf, 2006), access to information by the homeless (Hersberger, 2003), community informatics (Williams and Durrance, in press), and information seeking behavior (Johnson, in press). The concept has an ideological foundation in the theories of Pierre Bourdieu (1980), with two divergent approaches to its study emerging during the last two decades: one focusing on social capital as a collective asset and the other regarding it as an individual asset. The main proponent of the first approach is political scientist Robert Putnam who defines social capital as inhering in the “dense networks of social interaction” which foster “sturdy norms of generalized reciprocity and encourage the emergence of social trust” (Putnam, 1995, p. 66). Social network analysts, on the other hand, view social capital as resources to which individuals have access through their social relationships. Nan Lin, who is the main proponent of this approach, defines social capital as “resources embedded in a social structure which are accessed and/or mobilized in purposive actions” (Lin, 2001a, p. 12). While the concept of social capital may be operationalized differently depending on the point of view of the researcher, its value to information science research is in providing a framework within which to understand the relationship between social structure and information access.Participants in this panel will discuss social capital from various vantage points, including the role of social capital in solidifying power relationships, the effect of recent government policies on reducing social capital, and the relationship between social capital and the use of libraries and information technology. The intent of the panel is to clarify the meaning(s) of social capital and to demonstrate how the concept may be used in information science research.
The effects of context on data quality in biomedical data reuse
Authors: D'Avolio Leonard , Cragin Melissa , MacMullen W. John , Arnott Smith Catherine 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIntroductionThe collection of huge stores of electronically‐formatted information and advances in information processing technologies has led to dramatic changes in the conduct of biomedical science. In biology, a paradigm shift is underway due to an unprecedented flood of data, the emergence of shared research repositories, and advances in the application of data mining algorithms. As a result, the traditional model of scientific discovery of “formulate hypothesis, conduct experiment, evaluate results” is being replaced with “collect and store data, mine for new hypotheses, confirm with data or supplemental experiment” (Han et al. 2002). In clinical medicine, similar developments have made possible a variety of secondary applications of extant clinical data, including physician decision support, outcomes assessment, document retrieval, and clinician performance evaluation. The quality, or usefulness, of existing data for secondary uses has thus far been approached with a focus on issues of technical access and the mathematical format of data. Largely ignored in these efforts are the effects on quality introduced when data captured for one purpose is reused for another. This panel brings together four researchers with on going studies in the biomedical domain focused on the effects of context on the quality of data for secondary uses. Drawing from empirical evidence the topics to be addressed include; 1) the effects of context on data reuse, 2) anticipating, identifying and accounting for these effects, and 3) the future implications of large‐scale data reuse for information professionals in the biomedical domain.
Behaviors and preferences of digital natives: Informing a research agenda
Authors: Radford Marie L. , Connaway Lynn Silipigni , Agosto Denise E. , Cooper Linda Z. , Reuter Kara , Zhou Nan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPrensky (2001) asserts that because of their total emersion in the digital information environment from birth “…today's students think and process information fundamentally differently from their predecessors” (np). This panel highlights ground‐breaking research on information‐seeking behaviors of Digital Natives, those born after 1989. Mounting evidence confirms the need for innovative approaches to understand their behaviors and their radically different use of electronic sources, services and systems. An urgently needed research agenda is proposed that draws attention to the need to identify the characteristics and preferences of this tech savvy group that surprisingly lacks basic skills in information evaluation and retrieval. Three studies that explore various aspects of the proposed research agenda are discussed below, including research in the areas of virtual reference services, selection of digital library resources, and collaborative information behavior in online environments.This panel will be an interactive discussion with a substantial audience participation component. It is hoped that the audience for this session will consist of both researchers and library practitioners in virtual environments, as well as those interested in servicing digital natives. This discussion will be led by the moderator.
Approaches to teaching & learning information retrieval
Authors: Efthimiadis Efthimis N. , Callan Jamie , Larson Ray R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSummaryThe explosion of the web has made search an integral part of our daily lives. We search for almost any conceivable topic. Web search engines have made search easily approachable to almost everyone. Yet, for information professionals it is more important than ever before to know “how search works” in order to be more effective in their work. Search Engines or Information Retrieval systems often appear to searchers as “black boxes.” There is some sort of magic that happens between typing some keywords in a query box and getting back results. This approach contributes to the development of inadequate conceptual models of search.The panel brings LIS and CS educators involved in teaching “information retrieval” to discuss experiential learning approaches to teaching IR. Efthimiadis (UW) will be presenting the IR‐Toolbox, an interactive system developed for teaching IR processes to Information School students. Ray Larson (UCB) will be discussing his approach of using open source IR engines to create a mini‐TREC competition environment in class. Jamie Callan (CMU) will be talking about the Lemur Toolkit system and its use in teaching undergraduate and graduate students.Following the panel presentation of the experiential teaching methods, an interactive session with the audience will follow. The discussion session will focus on the audience's needs and experiences while learning or teaching information retrieval.
Research directions in social network websites
Authors: Stutzman Fred , Boyd Danah , Golder Scott , Recuero Raquel , Zollers Alla 
Published: February 2009

AbstractOverviewSocial network websites have played a key factor in the evolution of the “social web.” Hundreds of millions of individuals from all age‐ranges have flocked to sites such as MySpace (http://myspace.com), Facebook (http://facebook.com) and Orkut (http://orkut.com) to create an online representation of identity, to manage their social lives, and to establish deep social relationships with other users of the sites. To this extent, the promise of Web 2.0 is embodied in social network websites. Social networks both implicitly and explicitly connect individuals, enabling the representation of a rich social identity embodied in a virtual presence.In this panel, an exciting young group of researchers will present results of their ongoing work in the analysis of social network websites. This panel will present a number of different research methods, as well as international perspectives on the analysis of social networks. danah boyd will present some of the key challenges she has faced in her multi‐year, ongoing ethnographic analysis of social network websites. Raquel Recuero will share results of her mixed‐methods international work on Fotolog, a popular photo‐based social network site. Scott Golder and Fred Stutzman will present large‐network analysis of social behavior in Facebook, the leading college‐based social network. Finally, Alla Zollers will present a quantitative and content‐analysis of activism in social network sites, analyzing the information architecture of the sites and the role it plays in activism.The research and the varying methods presented in this panel will present viewers with an exciting look at the many ways social network websites can be analyzed. These sites stand at the forefront of the social web, presenting myriad opportunities to future researchers.
Social types and personas: Typologies of persons on the web and designing for predictable behaviors
Authors: Turner Tammara , Boyd Danah , Burnett Gary , Fisher Karen E. , Adlin Tamara 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWhether we call them “users,” “participants,” or just “actors,” a focus of information science research and practice is invariably human beings. While user studies have grown in scope and volume since the early ARIST chapters in the 1960s, few researchers have approached study populaces from the perspective of social types. A concept with a long and somewhat sordid history in the social sciences, particularly sociology, as Almog (1998) explains referencing the works of Parker, Simmel, Goffman, Klapp, Becker, and other luminaries, social types in essence refer to:A sociological summary of the typical characteristics of a particular group or of a category of human beings usually recognized and typed by the public and often granted a nickname. This group or category may be a secondary group, a community, a profession, a subculture, a status group, a class or a generation unit that is characterized by its look (physical, fashionable or both), life style and philosophy, pattern of interaction (particularly linguistic), attitudes and certain psychological traits.
Personal information management strategies and tactics used by senior engineers
Authors: Pikas Christina K. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper reports the results of an exploratory qualitative study of how senior engineers in a research laboratory environment do personal information management (PIM). Responsive, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with four senior engineers. Thirteen themes in four groupings emerged. The four groupings are: organization and retrieval, un‐organized aspects, information keeping and preservation, and use of specialized tools. Themes not seen in other studies are: writing to remember and reporting to retrieve, and personal handbooks. The themes are described in detail. Implications for the design of information systems and future work are discussed.
Humanitarian relief standards as information policy
Authors: Kemp Randall B. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper addresses the information policy issue within humanitarian relief organizations of standards as they apply to setting guidelines and self‐regulation among the actors in this field. The paper begins with an overview of the context of natural disasters, the nature of humanitarian relief organizations working in the field, and how standards might be applicable. Following, the questions and challenges to the field are then discussed, using spatial information and related technology as a lens to frame these challenges. A group of standards‐forming bodies are then described. A section analyzing these standards and their functioning in the domain of humanitarian relief follows the descriptions of standards in the field. A set of operational recommendations and a set of next steps and possible future research suggestions close the paper.
The externalities of Search 2.0: The flow of personal information in the drive for the perfect search engine
Authors: Zimmer Michael 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWeb search engines have emerged as a ubiquitous and vital tool for the successful navigation of the growing online informational sphere. As Google puts it, their goal is to “organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful” and to create the “perfect search engine” that provides only intuitive, personalized, and relevant results. Meanwhile, new Web 2.0 infrastructures have emerged with the promise to empower creativity, to democratize media production, and to celebrate the individual while also relishing the power of collaboration and social networks. The (inevitable) combining of Google's suite of information‐seeking products with Web 2.0 infrastructures – what I call Search 2.0 – intends to capture the best of both technical systems for the benefit of users. By capturing the information flowing across Web 2.0, search engines can better predict users' needs and wants, and deliver more relevant and meaningful results. While intended to enhance intellectual mobility in the online sphere, this paper argues that the drive for Search 2.0 necessarily requires the widespread monitoring and aggregation of a users' online personal and intellectual activities, bringing with it particular value externalities, such as the privacy of individuals' online intellectual activities. These search‐based infrastructures of dataveillance contribute to a rapidly emerging “soft cage” of everyday digital surveillance, where they, like other dataveillance technologies before them, contribute to the curtailing of individual freedom, affect users' sense of self, and present issues of deep discrimination and social justice.
Tools of the trade: Drugs, law and mobile phones
Authors: McEwen Rhonda N. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAs a specific form of social computing mobile phones are changing the way people use and perceive their social contexts both at work and at play. Observations of mobile phone use in urban settings suggest that this medium can facilitate existing social practices and extend our everyday activities to create a set of distinct social practices associated with this Information and Communication Technology. In particular mobile phones support users in the active production of identity, whether this identity is socially determined to be “normal” or “deviant”. Written from a Social Informatics perspective this paper examines the mobile phone as a contemporary controversial technology in the context of its use in illegal drug‐dealing and the law enforcement of those practices. The relationship between illegal drug‐dealing and law enforcement responses is critically analysed highlighting the way both groups utilise mobile phone technologies to achieve their divergent goals. The paper concludes by offering a perspective on the social nature of mobile communications and suggestions for further research and action.
Fully mobile wirelessly connected technology applications: Organizational communication, social, and information challenges
Authors: Liu Shuhua (Monica) , Unsworth Kristene , Fidel Raya , Scholl Hans J (Jochen) 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe City of Seattle is pioneering the utilization of fully mobile wirelessly connected (FMWC) technology applications in fieldwork operations with the aim of significantly improving its operational effectiveness and efficiency as well as its quality of service. Our study analyzes and assesses the efficacy of this prototypical project in local government. Preliminary findings show that beyond the expectable technology hurdles numerous unforeseen challenges in organizational communication and the social context emerge, which when taken together can present staunch obstacles to achieving the intended outcome. Our study uses a work‐centered analytical framework for deriving and clarifying the strategic choices in such projects via a formative model. Our (narrative) model captures and brings to the surface the interaction and interdependence between major organizational variables and the work context. In this paper, we report on our early observations and high‐level findings.
Digital images in American and Canadian dentistry education: Second‐stage needs assessment
Authors: Paling Stephen , Miszkiewicz Melissa , Abbas June 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis study serves as a follow‐up to a previous needs assessment, which was intended to determine the need on the part of dental faculty members and researchers for an online repository of digitized dental images. The previous needs assessment found preliminary indications of such need. However, the previous needs assessment focused primarily on one exemplar institution, along with a brief survey of academic deans at U.S. and Canadian dental schools. The current needs assessment incorporated a survey intended to reach a much broader range of dental faculty members in the U.S. and Canada. The basic goals were to confirm the findings of the earlier needs assessment, to asses the potential value of potential image characteristics and metadata elements, as well as to begin determining whether dental faculty members and researchers would be willing to contribute to the repository.
The concepts of task, search stage and source of information in leisure activities: A case study of backpackers' search for tourist information
Authors: Chang Shan‐Ju , Su Hui‐Chieh 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFor backpackers, traveling plan involves many tasks such as deciding where to go, how to get there, what are interesting to sightsee, what should not miss, what are the social landscape and safety conditions etc. They have to make decisions based on information they collected and yet they are also flexible and may change the courses along the way. From 30 interviewees, our research on backpackers shows that their information search can be conceptualized as a three‐stage information search process. In each stage, depending on the type of task, backpackers use various information resources, such as tour guides, maps, fliers, websites, discussion bulletin board etc. for different purposes. Depending on the characteristics of the source of information, one is relied on more than the other in different stage of traveling and for different task and purpose. Among others, the research results deepen our understanding about backpackers' information tasks, information sources needed and used, with practical implications for designing useful websites for such tourists.
Visceral and cognitive levels of credibility judgment in an authorless environment: A factor analysis of the influence of visual design
Authors: Holmes Jason , Robins David 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn thinking about the impact of social computing and Web 2.0 trends affecting information seekers (and the professionals who help them), the age‐old problem of determining credibility in an authorless environment again comes to the fore. First impressions are key for web page content. Regardless of the quality or credibility of content, a poorly designed or aesthetically unappealing web page will likely produce a negative impression of credibility. This study compared credibility judgments for websites in which the visual design had been varied. A factor analysis showed patterns of higher credibility scores for higher visual design treatments. The importance of the findings presented here is that visual design has impact beyond decoration. It is a common (if latent) assumption that all serious web sites wish to be perceived as credible, believable, and trustworthy, especially in an authorless environment.