bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychopathological and social status of patients with affective, schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorders after long‐term course
Authors: Marneros A. , Deister A. , Rohde A. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTA total of 106 affective, 101 schizoaffective and 148 schizophrenic disorders were investigated after a long‐term course of illness (mean follow‐up period 25.1 years), employing narrow definitions and using reliable international instruments of evaluation. In addition, the social consequences of the illness were evaluated (upward and downward social and occupational drift, premature retirement and achievement of the expected social development). Considering all aspects of outcome, schizophrenic patients (narrow defined, slightly modified DSM‐III criteria) had persistent alterations in several aspects of social life, communication and cognitive functions, in some cases to a very high degree. Although the outcome of affective disorders is not always favourable, it is significantly more favourable than that of schizophrenia. Schizoaffective disorders occupy a position between affective and schizophrenic disorders regarding outcome, but with more similarities to that of affective than to that of schizophrenic disorders.
Personality, parental rearing behaviour and parental loss in attempted suicide: a comparative study
Authors: Benjaminsen S. , Krarup G. , Lauritsen R. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTThirty psychiatric patients (aged 18‐29) who had attempted suicide were compared with 2 matched control groups, one consisting of nonsuicidal psychiatric patients and the other of normal subjects, for personality patterns, parental rearing practices and personal loss before the age of 15. The instruments used were the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), the Lazare‐Klerman‐Armor Trait Scale (LKAS), the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) and the Own Memories of Child‐Rearing Experiences (EMBU). Patients admitted for suicide attempts differed significantly from normals on several personality dimensions, whereas suicide attempters did not have personality characteristics that made them substantially different from nonsuicidal psychiatric controls. The suicide attempters had experienced significantly more negative and less positive parental rearing factors than normals, but no difference was found between suicidal and nonsuicidal patients for own memories of parental rearing patterns. Parental loss due to divorce had occurred significantly more often among suicide attempters than among both nonsuicidal psychiatric patients and normals.
Perception of early parenting in panic and agoraphobia
Authors: Faravelli C. , Panichi C. , Pallanti S. , Paterniti S. , Grecu L. M. , Rivelli S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThirty‐two patients with a DSM‐III‐R diagnosis of panic disorder (PD) were administered the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), a 25‐item self‐report questionnaire devised to evaluate parental rearing practices. Compared with 32 matched health controls, PD patients scored both their parents as being significantly less caring and more overprotective. Moreover, the consistency of parental attitudes between the 2 parents was significantly lower, indicating lesser uniformity in the rearing patterns.
Penis‐root perception of Koro patients
Authors: Chowdhury A. N. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractKoro is an acute anxiety reaction in which the perception of decreased penis length because of intra‐abdominal traction is the main feature. This study attempts to explore the penis‐root perception of the Koro patients by a graphomotor protective test – the Draw‐a‐penis Test (DAPT). This controlled DAPT investigation shows that Koro patients perceived the penis as a detached organ with root‐boundary definiteness as evidenced from their close penis‐root perception. They also displayed reduced volumetric perception of penis‐root than the normal subjects. These perceptual deviations in penis‐root image are discussed in relation to their Koro vulnerability.
Child and adolescent psychiatric patients in adulthood
Authors: Östman O. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA total of 142 consecutive patients cared for by child and adolescent psychiatry were followed up to the age of 33–37 years; 49% were treated in adult psychiatry between the ages of 20–25 years, and 20% of these were hospitalized. The frequency of hospitalization was 4–5 times that of a control group. Between the ages of 20–34 years, 32% were admitted some time for inpatient psychiatric care. Psychiatric diagnoses of the patients: schizophrenia 4%, manic‐depressive 5%, neurosis and reactive insufficiency 11%, personality disorders and/or abuse diagnosis 12%. Patients with a schizophrenia diagnosis in adulthood needed the most hospitalization. The symptom picture was stable from child and adolescent psychiatric care through to adulthood, but abuse increased with age. The frequency of sick leave was 2.5 times higher among the child and adolescent psychiatric care patients than among the control group. At the age of 34–36 years, 13% of the former patients received disability benefits as compared with 1% for the same age groups in the entire population of Sweden. Twenty‐one percent received sentences for criminal offenses from the age of 20–34 years. The number of crimes decreased with increasing age. Nearly 50% were in contact with the social welfare services, 3 times as many as in the control group. A third of the men completed their national military service. A total of 6 men and 1 woman died, indicating an increased mortality rate for men. All deaths except one were related to the mental disorder.
Relationships between personality development, interpersonal perception and communication in parents of schizophrenics, psychiatric controls and normal subjects
Authors: Holte A. , Wichstrøm L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractEmploying a family interaction paradigm, the psychodynamic development of personality (Consensus Spouse‐Rorschach, CSR), mutuality in interpersonal perception (Interpersonal Perception Method), and feedback mechanisms in communication (the Confirmation‐Disconfirmation Coding System) were investigated. The subjects were 66 parents (33 couples) whose offspring were as follows: 12 schizophrenics (RDC, DSM‐III, DSM‐III‐R), 12 with other mental disorders, and 9 subjects with no mental disorder. Communication was observed in 2 situations, using CSR and the Colour Conflict Method. Feedback mechanisms in parent communication, previously found to be associated with offspring mental disorder, were associated both with lack of mutuality in interpersonal perception and low personality development. Lack of mutuality was associated with low parent personality development. The results emphasize the usefulness of monitoring both parent personality development (family structure), mutuality in interpersonal perception (family phenomenology), and communication (family behaviour) when assessing interaction in families of patients with severe mental disorder. They also point to a need for theoretical integration between the different concepts of family interaction of different clinical and theoretical traditions.
A 30‐year follow‐up study of a child psychiatric clientele. II. Psychiatric morbidity
Authors: Larsen F. W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPsychiatric morbidity, expressed as hospital admissions during a 30‐year follow‐up period, was studied among 322 former child psychiatric patients, who were admitted from 1949–1951, and who were followed up as of December 31, 1980. A total of 115 patients (36%) – 55 boys (29%) and 60 girls (45%) – had been admitted to an adult psychiatric department, with 50 patients having only one admission. The mean age at the time of the study was 39 years. The former child psychiatric patients were admitted to adult psychiatric hospitals 50 times more often than comparable age groups from the general population. At all times women had a higher prevalence of admission. The cumulative percentage of first admissions of men was almost unchanged during the last 10 years of the follow‐up period, and the figure for women was gradually increasing. The longitudinal course of mental disorders in the sample, measured as psychiatric admissions, was studied in relation to age at the time of admission to the child psychiatric department. The results consistently showed that older age of admission as a child meant fewer psychiatric admissions as an adult during the follow‐up period. A total of 39 of the psychiatrically admitted patients (34%) had been granted a disability pension. A total of 7 patients (6%) died during the study period, including 2 patients who committed suicide. By the variables employed, 37% of the sample were judged to have had a good overall outcome, with diagnosis being an inconsistent predictor of outcome. A psychiatric admission for men after age 25 was always a life event that did not change poor psychosocial adaptation, in contrast to the women.
Personality disorders 2–5 years after treatment: a prospective follow‐up study
Authors: Mehlum L. , Friis S. , Irion T. , Johns S. , Karterud S. , Vaglum P. , Vaglum S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNinety‐seven patients consecutively admitted to a day unit specializing in the treatment of personality disorders were included in a prospective follow‐up study. At follow‐up an average of 3 years after index admission, patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) displayed a moderate symptom reduction and a fair global outcome. Patients with schizotypal personality disorder (STP) showed a similar reduction in symptoms but retained relatively poor global functioning. Individuals with cluster C personality disorders, in contrast, showed both a good global outcome and a marked symptom reduction. STP individuals were the least socially adjusted, employed and self‐supporting of all diagnostic subgroups. STP and BPD individuals had far more inpatient treatment in the follow‐up period than other groups. The overall suicide rate was low compared with most similar studies.
Adjustment reactions: a long‐term prospective and retrospective follow‐up of former patients in a crisis intervention ward
Authors: Bronisch T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe results of a 5‐year follow‐up study of 76 patients in a crisis intervention ward who were suffering from an adjustment reaction (brief or prolonged depressive reaction) according to ICD‐9 criteria indicate a rather favorable course and outcome using standardized instruments. Only 17% developed a chronic or severe course of primarily depressive symptoms and only 1 (2%) patient committed suicide after discharge, whereas 64% had a very favorable and 18% a favorable course and outcome. This result is reflected in a rather low use of psychiatric and psychotherapeutic outpatient services during the follow‐up period.
Lithium and electroconvulsive therapy: adversaries, competitors, allies?
Authors: Schou M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAs treatments for manic‐depressive illness, lithium and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) share the properties of efficacy, diagnostic specificity, and action on both mania and depression. Therapeutic and prophylactic similarities and dissimilarities are analyzed, as well as the use of lithium continuation treatment following ECT. Possible adverse interaction is discussed, and a strategy is proposed for studying biologic modes of action.
Gender differences in the incidence of definite schizophrenia and atypical psychosis — focus on negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Authors: Ring N. , Tantam D. , Montague L. , Newby D. , Black D. , Morris J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn a catchment area study of 101 first inceptions of schizophrenia, mania and atypical psychoses, women were significantly more likely to have atypical psychosis and men were more likely to have definite schizophrenia. Negative symptoms such as affective flattening and poverty of speech were already present in many cases, and were significantly increased in patients with definite schizophrenia (geometric mean 5.6) compared with those with atypical psychosis (geometric mean 3.2) and mania (geometric mean 1.5). Negative symptoms were also twice as severe in men (geometric mean 5.5) than women (geometric mean 2.6). There was a significant increase in negative symptom severity with longer illness and greater depression, but the diagnosis and the sex effects were not caused by these factors. We suggest that our findings are further support for the hypothesis that men have a greater biological vulnerability to negative symptoms and consequent social disability in the face of psychosis, particularly a schizophrenic psychosis, and that this may be one explanation for the apparently greater risk of definite schizophrenia and its poorer prognosis in men.
Factor structure of DSM‐III‐R personality disorders shown by self‐report questionnaire: implications for classifying and assessing personality disorders
Authors: Dowson J. H. , Berrios G. E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA modified version of the revised Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ‐R), based on DSM‐III‐R personality disorders (PD), was completed by 74 psychiatric patients. A factor analysis of the scores for each of the PD (i.e. of the number of positive DSM‐III‐R criteria for each of the PD) yielded 3 factors that defined 3 PD clusters. These were similar to the 3 DSM‐III‐R PD clusters for 7 of the 11 PD categories. The 3‐group solution of a cluster analysis of the patients (using their scores of positive criteria for each of the PD) did not reflect these factors; the main discriminating variable between the 3 groups of patients was the total number of positive PD criteria. It is suggested that, for the routine assessment of patients, the most important derivative of the DSM‐III‐R classification of PD is the total score of positive PD criteria.
Measures of serotonin metabolism in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Hassanyeh F. , Marshall E. F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThirty‐five consecutive attenders at a clinic specializing in anorexia nervosa were studied. All conformed to a DSM‐III‐R diagnosis for anorexia nervosa. In addition, 3 cases suffered from major depressive disorder and 9 from dysthymia. Blood from all patients was analysed for monoamine oxidase, serotonin (5‐HT), 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), tryptophan and platelet paroxetine binding. Findings showed that blood 5‐HT was higher than normal in all patient groups, and was highest in those having affective disorder with anorexia nervosa. However, of the patients with anorexia nervosa alone, a subgroup having greatest weight loss had blood 5‐HT levels significantly below all other groups. Lack of significant changes in other parameters compared with normal subjects points to the possibility of abnormal 5‐HT storage or release.
Interaction between carbamazepine and fluvoxamine
Authors: Fritze J. , Unsorg B. , Lanczik M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn 3 patients the addition of fluvoxamine to a constant dosage of carbamazepine (CZP) caused a substantial rise of plasma CZP accompanied by symptoms of intoxication. As this drug combination may occur increasingly in the future, this probably pharmacokinetic interaction is of practical relevance.
A questionnaire to screen for cognitive impairment among elderly people in developing countries
Authors: Kua E. H. , Ko S. M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMost questionnaires designed to assess cognitive impairment among elderly people are constructed in the West, where literacy is high. However, such questionnaires may not be applicable in developing countries because of cultural differences or low literacy. The Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (ECAQ) is derived from items in the Mini‐Mental State Examination and Geriatric Mental State Schedule. It is a satisfactory scale for quantitative assessment of cognitive impairment among elderly people living in developing countries. This 10‐item questionnaire shows a sensitivity of 85.3%, specificity 91.5%, positive predictive value 82.8% and overall miscalculation rate 10.5%. In a sample of 105 elderly subjects from 2 day centres and a psychiatric outpatient clinic in Singapore, the ECAQ was compared with Kahn's Mental Status Questionnaire. The sensitivity of the scales was found to be similar but the ECAQ had a higher specificity and positive predictive value, and lower overall miscalculation rate.
Aggressive behaviour in elderly psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Patel V. , Hope R. A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe describe the types of aggressive behaviour and determine their prevalence in a sample of hospitalized elderly psychiatric patients. Data were obtained by nurse ratings of aggressive behaviour using the recently developed Rating Scale for Aggressive Behaviour in the Elderly; 90 patients were rated over a 3‐d period. Nearly half the sample were at least mildly aggressive; the frequencies of some specific types of aggressive behaviour were high. In contrast, the frequency of injuries and the use of restraints and medication for aggressive behaviour were low. Some correlates of the aggressive behaviour were also analysed.
Effect of psychopharmacotherapy on suicide risk in discharged psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Modestin J. , Schwarzenbach F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe investigated 64 former psychiatric inpatients who had committed suicide within 1 year after their discharge and compared them with a carefully matched control group of patients who did not commit suicide. One third of the patients in both groups were no longer in treatment at the time of the suicide or, for controls, at the corresponding point in time. At that time, a significantly higher proportion of controls had been receiving psychopharmacotherapy and a significantly higher proportion of them were on lithium.
Ventricular enlargement, clinical correlates and treatment outcome in chronic schizophrenic inpatients
Authors: Wilms G. , Ongeval C. Van , Baert A. L. , Claus A. , Bollen J. , Cuyper H. De , Eneman M. , Malfroid M. , Peuskens J. , Heylen S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe ventricle‐brain ratio (VBR) of 42 chronic schizophrenic patients was compared with that of 42 age‐matched medical controls. For the schizophrenics, the relationship of various clinical parameters to the VBR was assessed, and the outcome of 12 weeks of double‐blind treatment with either risperidone or haloperidol. The results confirm that schizophrenic patients have slightly enlarged lateral ventricles compared with medical controls. Only for schizophrenics, an effect of age, but not of duration of illness, was noticed. This study does not support the validity of a clinical subdivision of chronic schizophrenic patients on the basis of the VBR. Neither negative, positive nor general psychopathological symptoms, as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS), were related to the VBR, nor were abnormal involuntary movements or extrapyramidal symptoms. No association between season of birth or a family history of major mental disorder and VBR could be demonstrated. Treatment response was predicted by the total PANSS score and the PANSS general psychopathology subscale score at baseline. There was a trend for patients with higher VBR to have a more favourable treatment outcome, independent of the treatment (risperidone or haloperidol).
Outcome in untreated schizophrenia: a search for symptoms and traits with prognostic meaning in patients admitted to a mental hospital in the preneuroleptic era
Authors: Jönsson S. A. T. , Jonsson H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA cohort of schizophrenic patients consecutively admitted to a mental hospital for the first time in 1925 was investigated in search of symptoms and traits with prognostic meaning. Since Leonhard's diagnostic system was applied, cases with mixed symptoms and a favourable outcome were excluded as being neither schizophrenic nor manic‐depressive. Owing to the admission policy then prevailing, cases with clinically less striking and socially less deleterious features were underrepresented. The sample (n= 70), so demarcated, was still considered fairly appropriate for the purpose of a differential study of outcome in nuclear schizophrenia with a life‐long follow‐up. The best outcome group consisted of 33% of the sample; 24% formed an intermediate group, and 43% profoundly deteriorated with continuous psychotic symptoms and a total loss of social function. Marriage before index admission was the only characteristic related to a favourable outcome. Nuclear schizophrenic symptoms, thought disturbance, blunted affect and all catatonic symptoms listed in DSM‐III were related to an unfavourable outcome. When prognostic subgroups were compared pairwise, no favourable trait was detectable, and there were no decisive differences between the group with the best outcome and the intermediate group. When these 2 groups were compared with the group with worst outcome, however, significant differences arose with respect to unfavourable characteristics. Predictions using a discriminant analytic procedure yielded the same results. The hypothesis that affective and atypical signs would also have prognostic meaning in nuclear schizophrenia was disproved.
Fluvoxamine in the treatment of demented elderly patients: a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Olafsson K. , Jørgensen S. , Jensen H. V. , Bille A. , Arup P. , Andersen J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe efficacy of fluvoxamine on cognitive functioning and behavioral changes was evaluated in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of 46 elderly demented patients. The patients had a DSM‐III diagnosis of primary degenerative dementia or multi‐infarct dementia and were aged ≥65 years. Twenty‐two patients were given 150 mg fluvoxamine per day and 24 received placebo tablets; 14 and 15 patients, respectively, completed 6 weeks of treatment. Within treatments, there were no significant changes in median scores on neuropsychological tests (picture recall and recognition, trail making and finger tapping) or the GBS scale scores (degrees of dementia) or GBS subscale score (clinical profiles, including symptoms common in dementia, motor, emotional and intellectual functioning). Between treatments, the median changes in psychometric test scores did not differ significantly. However, within and between treatments, there were trends favoring fluvoxamine on symptoms common in dementia (confusion, irritability, anxiety, fear‐panic, mood level and restlessness). In conclusion, the study does not support the hypothesis that fluvoxamine improves cognitive functioning or behavioral changes in elderly dementia patients.
Anorexia nervosa families – a homogeneous group? A case record study
Authors: Røijen S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNineteen consecutive case records of inpatients at a child psychiatric department with the diagnosis anorexia nervosa (AN) (DSM‐III‐R) were investigated to describe the family interaction pattern. To evaluate the families, the information from the case records was supplemented by interviews of the therapists and finally the result was discussed with the supervisors until agreement. The evaluation instrument used was Beavers’ Scales for Family Style and Function. Level of aggression, dominance pattern among parents, socioeconomic stratification and psychiatric diagnosis among parents were also evaluated. The study shows 3 groups of AN families, centripetal (53%), centrifugal (24%) and mixed (24%), supporting a hypothesis that AN families are a heterogeneous group. Evaluated family functioning was highest in the mixed group, followed by the centripetal group. The poorest family functioning and severest psychopathology among the parents was found in the centrifugal group.