bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choroidal nevus through a broader vision: Retinal imaging acquisition captured with Broad Line Fundus Imaging technology
Authors: Barbosa Gabriel Castilho S , Marback Eduardo F , Novais Eduardo A , Lucatto Luiz FA , Badaró Emmerson , Roisman Luiz , Leitão Guerra Ricardo L 
Published: February 2024

Objective To describe the peculiarities in imaging acquisition of fourteen patients with choroidal nevus using the Broad Line Fundus Imaging (BLFI) technology. Methods Single-center, retrospective, cross-sectional analysis. Results All images were acquired using the BLFI technology. We have found that choroidal nevus is undetectable in the blue channel (BC) (435–500 nm) and the green channel (GC) (500–585 nm). The only visible changes are related to the drusen, which appeared in BC and GC as light focal dots, correlated to the yellowish foci in the true-color image. On the red channel (RC) (585–640 nm), all lesions revealed the same pattern: a well-defined dark spot, with enhanced contrast, allowing the better visualization, measuring, and characterization of the nevus when compared with the other color channels, including the true-color imaging. Conclusion BLFI application in choroidal nevus might be helpful at presentation, refining the diagnostic reliability, and monitoring, as it allows for better detection of alterations in the lesions. The peculiarities of the choroidal nevus are better assessed when using the RC due to its longer wavelength and deeper penetration in the retina and choroid.
Drivers of Rural Non-farm Sector Employment in India, 1983–2019
Authors: Pattayat Shiba Shankar , Parida Jajati Keshari 
Published: February 2024

Using the national-level employment and unemployment surveys (NSS and PLFS) and the macro-level data for the period 2005–2019, this article explores the trends and recent growth patterns of rural non-farm sector employment in India. It also examines the micro-level factors determining individuals’ preference towards non-farm sector jobs and the macro-level factors responsible for the growth of non-farm sector employment in rural India. The main findings of the study suggest that although rural non-farm sector employment is rising in absolute terms, its growth rate has slackened in recent years. While the level of education and skill training, market wage rates and socio-cultural setups are among the key micro-level factors determining farm–non-farm employment choices of rural folks, at the macro-level, the growth of investment in capital goods, the number of factories, investment in infrastructure development and the growth of the manufacturing sector are crucial for the growth of non-farm sector jobs in India. Based on these findings, it is argued that the improvement of human capabilities through increased investment in education and skill, and the growth of non-farm sector employment through the development of rural infrastructure and industrialization measures, are necessary to sustain the structural transformation and to harness the demographic dividend in India. JEL Codes: J01, J21, J43, J64
The prevalent causes of death in patients with peripheral artery disease undergoing revascularisation or amputation
Authors: Telianidis Stacey , Aitken Sarah Joy 
Published: February 2024

Objective Preventing untimely death in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) requires a detailed understanding of the predominant causes of death (COD). This literature review aims to describe how short- and long-term COD are reported in patients who had surgery for PAD. Methods A literature review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for articles reporting specific causes of mortality in patients who had surgery for all stages of PAD. Articles were included if they reported COD after open surgical or endovascular revascularisation, or major or minor amputation for PAD. Critical appraisals were conducted according to included study types, using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Results Cause of death was reported in 21 publications. Twenty were observational and one was a randomised control trial. Study size ranged from 25 to 10,505 patients. Cardiovascular disease was the most prevalent COD in perioperative periods (42.5% from 13 studies). Long-term follow-up ranged from 1 month and 7 years with 15 studies reporting cardiac related mortality as the most frequent cause of death. However, mortality from neoplasia, respiratory disease (including pneumonia and pulmonary emboli), stroke and sepsis were prevalent. Many studies were low-average quality, with few population-based observational studies. Conclusion Whilst cardiovascular COD are the most prevalent reasons for mortality in patients with PAD, the proportion of patients dying from neoplasia and respiratory disease is high. Improved reporting standards for COD in studies examining PAD are needed.
Physician-modified inner-branched endovascular repair with re-intervention
Authors: Tsushima Shingo , Shibata Tsuyoshi , Kawaharada Nobuyoshi 
Published: February 2024

Objectives Treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms in high surgical risk patients can be challenging. Reports of physician-modified inner-branched endovascular repair (PMiBEVAR) are increasing. Despite low morbidity and mortality rates, re-interventions for endoleaks with these grafts are serious. There are no reports of additional treatment for PMiBEVAR failure. Methods/Results A 75-year-old man presented to our hospital with a Crawford’s type IV thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. A PMiBEVAR was performed. Postoperative computed tomographic angiography revealed an endoleak from the inner branch of the right renal artery. A re-intervention was performed with coil embolization of the endoleak. Imaging after re-intervention showed successful obliteration of the endoleak. Conclusions We thereby report a successful case of re-intervention for PMiBEVAR failure.
A retrospective assessment of venous recanalization outcomes for oral anticoagulant treatment in deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Guzel Anil , Canbaz Suat 
Published: February 2024

Objective This study aims to provide effective treatment by comparing the venous recanalization responses of oral anticoagulants in deep vein thrombosis therapy. Methods From January 2013 to March 2019, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 109 patients who had been diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis and received treatment with apixaban, rivaroxaban, or warfarin within 1 week of symptom onset. Demographic, clinical data, and venous recanalization responses on Doppler ultrasonography of the patients that were followed-up 1 year from the date of diagnosis were evaluated. Results At the end of the 1-year follow-up, 21 (19.3%) patients had delayed recanalization, 39 (35.8%) patients had partial recanalization, and 49 (44.9%) patients had complete recanalization. The mean time to complete recanalization was 9.178 months for apixaban, 8.986 months for rivaroxaban, and 10.641 months for warfarin. Rivaroxaban was found to result in earlier completion of recanalization compared to warfarin ( p = .012). Conclusion Direct oral anticoagulants might be more effective than vitamin K antagonists in achieving complete recanalization in patients that have deep vein thrombosis. Improving outcomes can be achieved by evaluating current treatment options.
Role of alveolar nitric oxide in gastroesophageal reflux-associated cough: prospective observational study
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Mengru , Aierken Alimire , Dong Ran , Chen Qiang , Qiu Zhongmin 
Published: February 2024

Background: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measured at multiple exhalation flow rates can be used as a biomarker to differentiate central and peripheral airway inflammation. However, the role of alveolar nitric oxide (CaNO) indicating peripheral airway inflammation remains unclear in gastroesophageal reflux-associated cough (GERC). Objectives: We aimed to characterize the changes in alveolar nitric oxide (CaNO) and determine its clinical implication in GERC. Design: This is a single-center prospective observational study. Methods: FeNOs at exhalation flow rates of 50 and 200 ml/s were measured in 102 patients with GERC and 134 patients with other causes of chronic cough (non-GERC). CaNO was calculated based on a two-compartment model and the factors associated with CaNO were analyzed. The effect of anti-reflux therapy on CaNO was examined in 26 GERC patients with elevated CaNO. Results: CaNO was significantly elevated in GERC compared with that in non-GERC (4.6 ± 4.4 ppb versus 2.8 ± 2.3 ppb, p < 0.001). GERC patients with high CaNO (>5 ppb) had more proximal reflux events (24 ± 15 versus 9 ± 9 episodes, p = 0.001) and a higher level of pepsin (984.8 ± 492.5 versus 634.5 ± 626.4 pg/ml, p = 0.002) in sputum supernatant than those with normal CaNO. More GERC patients with high CaNO required intensified anti-reflux therapy (χ2 = 3.963, p = 0.046), as predicted by a sensitivity of 41.7% and specificity of 83.3%. Cough relief paralleled a significant improvement in CaNO (8.3 ± 3.0 versus 4.8 ± 2.6 ppb, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Peripheral airway inflammation can be assessed by CaNO measurement in GERC. High CaNO indicates potential micro-aspiration and may predict a necessity for intensified anti-reflux therapy.
Revision Transtibial Medial Meniscal Root Repair With Concomitant Medial Opening-Wedge Proximal Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Homan Morgan D. , Tollefson Luke V. , Kennedy Nicholas I. , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: February 2024

Background: Complete meniscal root tears disrupt dispersion of axial loading forces through hoop stresses. This increases point-loading on tibiofemoral cartilage and leads to chondromalacia and accelerated osteoarthritis (OA). Posterior root tears may be treated successfully with a transtibial pullout repair. Varus malalignment also leads to increased medial compartment pressures, increasing the risk of early OA and putting increased stress on the meniscus and stabilizing knee ligaments. In particular, revision medial meniscal root repairs without correction of varus malalignment are at increased risk of failure. Genu varum may be corrected with a medial opening-wedge proximal tibial osteotomy (OW PTO). Indications: Meniscal root repairs are indicated for acute or chronic tears in active patients with healthy cartilage. OW PTO is indicated for varus malalignment in ambulatory patients with healthy cartilage, or who are at risk for failure of meniscal or ligamentous procedures. Technique Description: After exposure of the osteotomy site, arthroscopy is performed through the incision and the revision posterior meniscus root repair is performed via a double-tunnel transtibial pullout technique. The positioning of these tunnels is modified superiorly so as to not cross the planned osteotomy site. The osteotomy is then performed by drilling 2 guide pins under fluoroscopy to delineate the plane of the cut. An OW plate is placed, and the root repair is tensioned last. Results: Double-tunnel transtibial pullout repairs increase meniscal fixation contact surface and have been shown to be biomechanically superior to all-inside fixation techniques. Medial OW PTO restores knee alignment and reduces supra-anatomic stresses in the medial compartment, additionally decreasing the risk of a revision medial meniscus repair failure. Discussion: Biomechanical studies have shown that meniscal root tears are functionally equivalent to complete meniscectomy. Varus malalignment increases the risk of medial meniscal tears, and reduces the risk of a successful long-term repair. We describe a technique for a revision transosseous posterior root repair with concomitant proximal tibial osteotomy, with discussion of surgical pearls and pitfalls. This technique restores anatomic position and native function of the medial meniscus while correcting tibiofemoral malalignment that could jeopardize the repair. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form.
A case report of an accidental iatrogenic dexmedetomidine overdose in an adult
Authors: Tiainen Suvi-Maria , Unga Jonni , Uusalo Panu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Dexmedetomidine is a sedative drug with a wide safety margin.

Case presentation
We present a case of accidental iatrogenic dexmedetomidine overdose in an adult patient during high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment. This is the first case report of an adult patient receiving an intravenous push of dexmedetomidine. Overdose resulted in severe oversedation, but symptoms receded spontaneously over time.

Conclusions
Dexmedetomidine overdoses are infrequent, and they are usually the result of an administration error.
Modeling the effect of grazing on carbon and water use efficiencies in grasslands on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Huang Xiaotao , Luo Geping , Ma Zhen , Yao Buqing , Du Yangong , Yang Yongsheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Carbon and water use efficiencies (CUE and WUE, respectively) are vital indicators of the adaptability of plants to environmental conditions. However, the effects of grazing and climate change on the spatiotemporal changes in CUE and WUE in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau grasslands (QTPG) are still unclear.

Results
Using the enhanced Biome-BGCMuSo model in combination with observed data, we estimated and analyzed the spatiotemporal variations in CUE and WUE and their responses to grazing in QTPG from 1979 to 2018. The mean annual CUE was 0.7066 in QTPG from 1979 to 2018 under the actual climate scenario. In general, the grassland CUE was low in the southeast and high in the northwest. Grazing generally decreased CUE in QTPG from 1979 to 2018, and there was an increasing trend in the difference in CUE between the grazing and nongrazing scenarios. The difference in CUE was generally greater in the northwest than in the southeast. The mean annual WUE was 0.5591 g C/kg H2O in QTPG from 1979 to 2018 under the actual climate scenario. After 2000, the grassland WUE exhibited a fluctuating upward trend. In general, the grassland WUE was greater in the southeast than in the northwest. Grazing generally decreased WUE in QTPG from 1979 to 2018, and there was an increasing trend in the difference in WUE between the grazing and nongrazing scenarios. The difference in WUE was generally greater in the northwest than in the southeast.

Conclusions
The findings of this study suggested that the spatiotemporal changes in CUE and WUE in QTPG were closely related to changes in the natural environment and grazing management.
RNA sequencing identifies key genes involved in intramuscular fat deposition in chickens at different developmental stages
Authors: Zhu Jinmei , Wang Yongli , Su Yongchun , Zheng Maiqing , Cui Huanxian , Chen Zhiwu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important factor in meat quality, and triglyceride (TG) and Phospholipids (PLIP), as the main components of IMF, are of great significance to the improvement of meat quality.

Results
In this study, we used 30 RNA sequences generated from the transcriptome of chicken breast muscle tissues at different developmental stages to construct a gene expression matrix to map RNA sequence reads to the chicken genome and identify the transcript of origin. We used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and identified 27 co-expression modules, 10 of which were related to TG and PLIP. We identified 150 highly-connected hub genes related to TG and PLIP, respectively, which were found to be mainly enriched in the adipocytokine signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and TGF-beta signaling pathway. Additionally, using the BioMart database, we identified 134 and 145 candidate genes related to fat development in the TG-related module and PLIP-related module, respectively. Among them, RPS6KB1, BRCA1, CDK1, RPS3, PPARGC1A, ACSL1, NDUFAB1, NDUFA9, ATP5B and PRKAG2 were identified as candidate genes related to fat development and highly-connected hub genes in the module, suggesting that these ten genes may be important candidate genes affecting IMF deposition.

Conclusions
RPS6KB1, BRCA1, CDK1, RPS3, PPARGC1A, ACSL1, NDUFAB1, NDUFA9, ATP5B and PRKAG2 may be important candidate genes affecting IMF deposition. The purpose of this study was to identify the co-expressed gene modules related to chicken IMF deposition using WGCNA and determine key genes related to IMF deposition, so as to lay a foundation for further research on the molecular regulation mechanism underlying chicken fat deposition.
Subtelomeric plasticity contributes to gene family expansion in the human parasitic flatworm Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Brann T , Beltramini A , Chaparro C , Berriman M , Doyle SR , Protasio AV 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The genomic region that lies between the telomere and chromosome body, termed the subtelomere, is heterochromatic, repeat-rich, and frequently undergoes rearrangement. Within this region, large-scale structural changes enable gene diversification, and, as such, large multicopy gene families are often found at the subtelomere. In some parasites, genes associated with proliferation, invasion, and survival are often found in these regions, where they benefit from the subtelomere's highly plastic, rapidly changing nature. The increasing availability of complete (or near complete) parasite genomes provides an opportunity to investigate these typically poorly defined and overlooked genomic regions and potentially reveal relevant gene families necessary for the parasite’s lifestyle.

Results
Using the latest chromosome-scale genome assembly and hallmark repeat richness observed at chromosome termini, we have identified and characterised the subtelomeres of Schistosoma mansoni, a metazoan parasitic flatworm that infects over 250 million people worldwide. Approximately 12% of the S. mansoni genome is classified as subtelomeric, and, in line with other organisms, we find these regions to be gene-poor but rich in transposable elements. We find that S. mansoni subtelomeres have undergone extensive interchromosomal recombination and that these sites disproportionately contribute to the 2.3% of the genome derived from segmental duplications. This recombination has led to the expansion of subtelomeric gene clusters containing 103 genes, including the immunomodulatory annexins and other gene families with unknown roles. The largest of these is a 49-copy plexin domain-containing protein cluster, exclusively expressed in the tegument—the tissue located at the host-parasite physical interface—of intramolluscan life stages.

Conclusions
We propose that subtelomeric regions act as a genomic playground for trial-and-error of gene duplication and subsequent divergence. Owing to the importance of subtelomeric genes in other parasites, gene families implicated in this subtelomeric expansion within S. mansoni warrant further characterisation for a potential role in parasitism.
A preliminary study of the miRNA restitution effect on CNV-induced miRNA downregulation in CAKUT
Authors: Mitrovic Kristina , Zivotic Ivan , Kolic Ivana , Zakula Jelena , Zivkovic Maja , Stankovic Aleksandra , Jovanovic Ivan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of CAKUT-associated CNVs overlap at least one miRNA gene, thus affecting the cellular levels of the corresponding miRNA. We aimed to investigate the potency of restitution of CNV-affected miRNA levels to remediate the dysregulated expression of target genes involved in kidney physiology and development in vitro.MethodsHeterozygousMIR484knockout HEK293 and homozygousMIR185knockout HEK293 cell lines were used as models depicting the deletion of the frequently affected miRNA genes by CAKUT-associated CNVs. After treatment with the corresponding miRNA mimics, the levels of the target genes have been compared to the non-targeting control treatment. For both investigated miRNAs,MDM2andPKD1were evaluated as common targets, while additional 3 genes were investigated as targets of each individual miRNA (NOTCH3,FIS1andAPAF1as hsa-miR-484 targets andRHOA,ATF6andCDC42as hsa-miR-185-5p targets).ResultsRestitution of the corresponding miRNA levels in both knockout cell lines has induced a change in the mRNA levels of certain candidate target genes, thus confirming the potential to alleviate the CNV effect on miRNA expression. Intriguingly, HEK293 WT treatment with investigated miRNA mimics has triggered a more pronounced effect, thus suggesting the importance of miRNA interplay in different genomic contexts.ConclusionsDysregulation of multiple mRNA targets mediated by CNV-affected miRNAs could represent the underlying mechanism behind the unresolved CAKUT occurrence and phenotypic variability observed in CAKUT patients. Characterizing miRNAs located in CNVs and their potential to become molecular targets could eventually help in understanding and improving the management of CAKUT.
Intraoperative mechanical power and postoperative pulmonary complications in low-risk surgical patients: a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: El-Khatib Mohamad , Zeeni Carine , Shebbo Fadia M. , Karam Cynthia , Safi Bilal , Toukhtarian Aline , Nafeh Nancy Abou , Mkhayel Samar , Shadid Carol Abi , Chalhoub Sana , Beresian Jean 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Inadequate intraoperative mechanical ventilation (MV) can lead to ventilator-induced lung injury and increased risk for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Mechanical power (MP) was shown to be a valuable indicator for MV outcomes in critical care patients. The aim of this study is to assess the association between intraoperative MP in low-risk surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia and PPCs.

Methods
Two-hundred eighteen low-risk surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery were included in the study. Intraoperative mechanical ventilatory support parameters were collected for all patients. Postoperatively, patients were followed throughout their hospital stay and up to seven days post discharge for the occurrence of any PPCs.

Results
Out of 218 patients, 35% exhibited PPCs. The average body mass index, tidal volume per ideal body weight, peak inspiratory pressure, and MP were significantly higher in the patients with PPCs than in the patients without PPCs (30.3 ± 8.1 kg/m2 vs. 26.8 ± 4.9 kg.m2, p < 0.001; 9.1 ± 1.9 ml/kg vs. 8.6 ± 1.4 ml/kg, p = 0.02; 20 ± 4.9 cmH2O vs. 18 ± 3.7 cmH2O, p = 0.001; 12.9 ± 4.5 J/min vs. 11.1 ± 3.7 J/min, p = 0.002). A multivariable regression analysis revealed MP as the sole significant predictor for the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications [OR 1.1 (95% CI 1.0–1.2, p = 0.036].

Conclusions
High intraoperative mechanical power is a risk factor for developing postoperative pulmonary complications. Furthermore, intraoperative mechanical power is superior to other traditional mechanical ventilation variables in identifying surgical patients who are at risk for developing postoperative pulmonary complications.

Clinical trial registration
NCT03551899; 24/02/2017.