bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal growth of calcium oxalate induced by the extracts of Semen Plantaginis and Folium Pyrrosiae
Authors: Zhang Yongtai , Tao Jiansheng , Feng Nianping , Han Xiangdong 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe crystallization of calcium oxalate (CaOxa) in aqueous solutions of the extracts of Semen Plantaginis and Folium Pyrrosiae has been investigated, focusing on the inhibition mechanism of some herbs on stone formation. It has been shown that in the presence of extracts of above two herbs, calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals with typical morphologies of tetragonal bipyramids were obtained. This suggests that the extracts of Semen Plantaginis and Folium Pyrrosiae can promote the formation of thermodynamically unstable COD, and inhibit the formation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), a major component of urinary stone. The formation mechanism of COD crystals induced by Semen Plantaginis and Folium Pyrrosiae is also discussed, indicating that the bioorganic molecules in the extracts of the herbs can induce the nucleation and growth of COD crystals. This study can help us make clear the inhibition mechanism of some herbs on stone formation that is in favor of the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of temperature on the microcrystalline structure of thermally evaporated Sb2S3 thin films
Authors: Tigau N. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThin films of antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) were prepared by thermal evaporation under vacuum (p=5×10–5 torr) on glass substrates maintained at various temperatures between 293 K and 523 K. Their microstructural properties have obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electron diffraction analysis showed the occurrence of amorphous to polycrystalline transition in the films deposited at higher temperature of substrates (523 K). The polycrystalline thin films were found to have an orthorhombic structure. The interplanar distances and unit‐cell parameters were determined by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and compared with the standard values for Sb2S3. The surface morphology of Sb2S3 thin films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical transmission spectra at normal incidence of Sb2S3 thin films have been measured in the spectral range of 400–1400 nm. The analysis of the absorption spectra revealed indirect energy gaps, characterizing of amorphous films, while the polycrystalline films exhibited direct energy gap. From the photon energy dependence of absorption coefficient, the optical band gap energy, Eg, were calculated for each thin films. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improvement of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes after long‐term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
Authors: Noh Yun‐Hee , Lee Se‐Myung , Kim Eun‐Ju , Kim Do‐Young , Lee Hyunil , Lee Jun‐Ho , Lee Ju‐Han , Park So‐Young , Koo Ja‐Hyun , Wang Jun‐Ho , Lim In‐Ja , Choi Soo‐Bong 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of long‐term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on cardiovascular risk factors such as hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, and proinflammatory cytokine levels have not been assessed so far in type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe analysed the levels of HbA1c, serum lipids, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) at 0, 2, and 30 weeks after CSII in 15 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age, 53.3 ± 10.1 years; disease duration, 9.4 ± 5.3 years) without previous history of major cardiovascular events.ResultsAt week 30, CSII significantly lowered HbA1c by 5.0 ± 0.9% compared to baseline (7.9 ± 1.9%, p < 0.001) and improved high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc; 1.09 ± 0.16 at baseline vs 1.25 ± 0.15 mmol/L at week 30; p < 0.05) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc)/HDLc ratios (2.8 ± 1.4 at baseline vs 2.2 ± 0.9 at week 30; p < 0.05). CSII also decreased the proportion of patients with dyslipidaemia at week 30. At baseline, TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels were up‐regulated (2.65 ± 4.04 and 2.82 ± 1.81 pg/mL, respectively) compared to the normal control (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively); however, cytokine levels decreased significantly at week 30 (1.44 ± 2.25 and 1.99 ± 1.05 pg/mL, respectively; p = NS vs control).ConclusionsLong‐term CSII alone decreased cardiovascular risk factors in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, suggesting that the synchronization of sufficient insulin peaks with meal ingestion and continuous pulsatile infusion of basal insulin corrects metabolic derangements. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐CD4‐mediated selection of Treg in vitro – in vitro suppression does not predict in vivo capacity to prevent graft rejection
Authors: Oliveira Vanessa , Sawitzki Birgit , Chapman Stephanie , Appelt Christine , Gebuhr Inga , Wieckiewicz Joanna , Long Elaine , Wood Kathryn J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Treg) have been shown to play a role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. Based on an established protocol known to generate alloantigen reactive Treg in vivo, we have developed a strategy for the in vitro selection of Treg. Stimulation of unfractionated CD4+ T cells from naive CBA.Ca (H2k) mice with C57BL/10 (H2b) splenocytes in the presence of an anti‐CD4 antibody, YTS 177, resulted in the selection of Treg able to inhibit proliferation of naive T cells. In vivo, the cells were able to prevent rejection of 80% C57BL/10 skin grafts when co‐transferred to CBA.Rag–/– mice together with naive CD45RBhighCD4+ cells. Purification of CD62L+CD25+CD4+ cells from the cultures enriched for cells with regulatory activity; as now 100% survival of C57BL/10 skin grafts was achieved. Furthermore, differentiation of Treg could be also achieved when using purified CD25–CD4+ naive T cells as a starting population. Interestingly, further in vitro expansion resulted in a partial loss of CD4+ cells expressing both CD62L and CD25 and abrogation of their regulatory activity in vivo. This study shows that alloantigen stimulation in the presence of anti‐CD4 in vitro provides a simple and effective strategy to generate alloreactive Treg.
Rescue of cytotoxic function in the CD8α knockout mouse by removal of MHC class II
Authors: Riddle David S. , Miller Peter J. , Vincent Benjamin G. , Kepler Thomas B. , Maile Rob , Frelinger Jeffrey A. , Collins Edward J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCD8 plays an important role in the activity of cytolytic T cells (CTL). However, whether or not CD8 is required for the development of CTL has not been clearly determined. Cytotoxic activity in the CD8α knockout mouse is difficult to induce, and has only been demonstrated against allogenic MHC targets. The lack of cytotoxicity may result from impaired lineage commitment of CTL in the absence of CD8, or diminished competitiveness during selection against (unimpaired) development of CD4+ T cells on MHC class II (MHC II). To differentiate between these possibilities, we have generated a double‐knockout mouse (MHC II–/–CD8α–/–). In MHC II–/–CD8α–/– mice, developing MHC class I (MHC I)‐reactive thymocytes cannot rely upon CD8 for selection, but they also cannot be overwhelmed by efficient selection of MHC II‐reactive thymocytes. In this mouse, a large, heterogeneous population of peripheral coreceptor double‐negative (DN) and CD4+ T cells develops. Peripheral DN T cells are fully functional CTL. They display cytolytic activity against allogeneic MHC, and against syngeneic MHC following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. Cells from LCMV‐infected mice bind more MHC I tetramer at lower concentrations than their wild‐type CTL counterparts. These results demonstrate unequivocally that CD8 is not required for commitment of thymocytes to the CTL lineage.
Tripodal Tetraamine Ligands Containing Three Pyridine Units: The other Polypyridyl Ligands
Authors: Blackman Allan G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe chemistry of tripodal ligands containing three (2‐pyridyl)‐alkyl arms attached to an aliphatic N atom (tripyridyl tripodal ligands) is reviewed. An outline of the variety of such ligands is given and methods for their synthesis are detailed. The structures of metal complexes containing tripyridyl tripodal ligands are briefly discussed, with particular emphasis on the structures adopted by complexes containing metal ions of varying coordination number. A brief overview of the complexes of tpa, the most widely used tripyridyl tripodal ligand, and its derivatives, is given. The electronic properties of tripyridyl tripodal ligands are detailed, as determined from spectroscopic, NMR, magnetochemical, electrochemical and pKa measurements on their metal complexes. Some examples of the reactivity of complexes containing tripyidyl tripodal ligands are given which outline the importance of both steric and electronic effects of the ligands in determining the reactivity of the metal complexes.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Rhenium Calix[4]arenes: Precursors to Novel Imaging and Cancer Therapy Agents
Authors: Redshaw Carl , Liu Xiaoming , Zhan Shuzong , Hughes David L. , Baillie‐Johnson Hugo , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Dale Sophie H. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractInteraction of [ReOCl3(PPh3)2] with tert‐butylcalix[4]areneH4, Cax(OH)4, in the presence of MOtBu (M = Na, K), or MH, under anaerobic conditions affords the isostructural rhenium(V) oxo complexes [Re(O)(PPh3)Cax(O)4M(NCMe)2] · 4MeCN [M = Na, (1); K, (2)] containing an alkali‐metal cation within an elliptical ligand conformation. In the presence of air, the same reaction affords dioxo rhenium(VII) complexes of the form [Re(O)2Cax(O)4M(NCMe)2] [M = Na, · ca. 2.8MeCN (3); K, · 3MeCN (4)]. Prolonged heating also led to the isolation of the first examples of rhenium–rhenium bonding supported by calixarene ligands, viz. [ReCax(O)4M(NCMe)2(μ‐O)]2 · 4MeCN [M = Na, (5); K, (6)], and in one case to {ReCax(O)4K(NCMe)2[μ‐OK(NCMe)2]}2Cax(O)2(OH)2 · 7MeCN (7). The use of 2 as starting material led to the isolation of the complex {[Re(O)Cax(O)4K(NCMe)2]2(μ‐O)} · 2MeCN (8). Given the diversity and complexity of the products arising from these “oxo” reactions, attention was switched to the isoelectronic organoimido [NR] group, and given its synthetic utility, the tert‐butylimido group [NtBu] was chosen as our entry point. Reaction of [Re(NtBu)2Cl3] with Cax(OH)4 in a 1:1 ratio afforded the orange [Re(NtBu)2ClCax(O)2(OH)2]· MeCN (9), containing both a linear and a bent imido group. Increasing the amount of Cax(OH)4 (2:3 ratio) afforded both 9 together with the dark red complex [Re(NtBu)Cax(O)4Cax(O)(OH)3]· 6MeCN (10), which contains both mono‐ and tetra‐dentate calixarene ligands. In the presence of adventitious oxygen, the complex {[Re(NtBu)Cax(O)4]2(μ‐O)} · 3MeCN (11) was formed. To favour monomeric complex formation, the lithium salt of the monomethoxycalix[4]arene, namely Cax(OLi)3(OMe), was treated with [Re(NtBu)2Cl3] affording the mono‐ and bisacetonitrile‐ligated species [Re(NtBu)2Cax(O)4Li(NCMe)2][Re(NtBu)2Cax(O)4Li(NCMe)] · MeCN (12). To avoid the lithium incorporation of 12, Cax(OH)3(OMe) was treated with [Re(NtBu)3(OSiMe3)] affording [Re(NtBu)2Cax(O)3(OMe)] (13), for which the methoxy ether group protudes into the calixarene cavity. The compounds 1–13 have been structurally characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (synchrotron radiation was used for 4, 6, 7, 9, 11–13).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Highly Enantioselective Syntheses of Chiral β‐Amino Alcohols in the Presence of Chiral TiIV Schiff Base Complexes as Catalysts
Authors: Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Prathap K. Jeya , Agrawal Santosh , Khan Noor‐ul H. , Abdi Sayed H. R. , Jasra Raksh V. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTwo new chiral Schiff bases 1 and 2 were prepared by condensation of 3,3′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐5,5′‐methylenebis(salicylaldehyde) and 3,3′‐dimethyl‐5,5′‐methylenebis(salicylaldehyde) with (1R,2S)‐(–)‐2‐aminodiphenylethanol and were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, UV/Vis, and CD spectroscopy, optical rotation, and mass spectrometry. Highly enantioselective ring opening reactions of meso‐stilbene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, cyclooctene oxide, and cis‐butene oxide with anilines in the presence of several additives were carried out in the presence of TiIV complexes generated in situ through the interaction of Ti(OiPr)4 with chiral Schiff bases 1 and 2 at 0 °C. Excellent yields (>99 %) of chiral β‐amino alcohols with high enantioselectivity (ee, >99 %) were achieved in 10 h when chiral imines were used as additives. The catalyst 1‐Ti(OiPr)4 worked better than the catalyst 2‐Ti(OiPr)4 in terms of reactivity and enantioselecitivity for the epoxide ring opening reactions to produce chiral β‐amino alcohols in high optical purity. The chiral catalyst used in this study was recoverable and recyclable several times with retention of its performance. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Radical Carbodiazenylation – A Convenient and Effective Method to Achieve Carboamination of Non‐Activated Olefins
Authors: Blank Olga , Wetzel Alexander , Ullrich Daniela , Heinrich Markus R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe regioselective addition of aryl and aryldiazenyl substituents to olefinic substrates can be described as carbodiazenylation. In this report we present our final results relating to this unique type of radical functionalization reaction, which has now been developed into a convenient, versatile and highly effective synthetic method. Starting from an investigation into rate constants for the addition of aryl radicals to monosubstituted, non‐activated olefins, this key step is shown to be both fast and selective in mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide and water. The by‐products obtained in earlier reactions reveal that the main complication of carbodiazenylation is the formation of biaryl azo compounds. A carefuladjustment of the carbodiazenylation procedure led tosignificantly improved results and now permits the synthesis of previously inaccessible products. New applications of carbodiazenylation such as the synthesis of 1,2‐diazabutadienes, tetrahydropyridazines and substituted tricyclanes were investigated. Apart from this, we describe a convenient two‐step sequence for intermolecular carboamination.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
An experimental design for judging synergism on consideration to endocrine disruptor animal experiments
Authors: Matsunaga Nobuhito , Kanno Jun , Hamada Chikuma , Yoshimura Isao 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis paper investigates an appropriate statistical design for an animal experiment to evaluate synergism of two test chemicals. It assumes a certain number of animals are divided into groups, each of which is treated with a combination of dose levels of two chemicals. A design is identified by the set of group size for each combination of doses, including the case where the dose of either one chemical is zero. The power of t‐test to detect synergism by positive surplus of response on a simultaneous administration group from the additivity plane composed of the responses on single administration groups is adopted as the criterion for the appropriate design. The applicable design is investigated for the application to real cases of endocrine disrupter study conducted at the National Institute of Health Sciences of Japan.It revealed that the dose level of the simultaneous administration group should be located inside or on the boundary of a triangular region and that the total number of animals should be the same as those for single administration groups. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Duplication of paternal IGF2 or loss of maternal IGF2 imprinting occurs in half of Wilms tumors with various structural WT1 abnormalities
Authors: Haruta Masayuki , Arai Yasuhito , Sugawara Waka , Watanabe Naoki , Honda Shohei , Ohshima Junjiro , Soejima Hidenobu , Nakadate Hisaya , Okita Hajime , Hata Jun‐ichi , Fukuzawa Masahiro , Kaneko Yasuhiko 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe WT1 gene essential for the embryonic kidney development is mutated in 15–25% of Wilms tumors (WTs). To clarify whether genetic subtypes of WT1 abnormalities are correlated with IGF2 or CTNNB1 alterations or clinicopathological characteristics, we performed comprehensive WT1, IGF2, and CTNNB1 analyses of 36 WTs with WT1 abnormalities using single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, and methylation analysis of the IGF2‐H19 differentially methylated region. The tumors were classified into three subtypes based on WT1 abnormalities: 13 with WT1 deletion, 12 with WT1 mutation, and 11 with both deletion and mutation. IGF2 alterations were found in 50% (18/36), paternal uniparental disomy (UPD) of 11p13‐11p15 in 13 tumors, UPD limited to 11p15 in 3, and loss of IGF2 imprinting in 2. Quantitative RT‐PCR analysis showed that tumors with IGF2 alteration had higher levels of IGF2 mRNA than tumors without IGF2 alteration (P = 0.02). WT1 mRNA levels were very low in six of eight WTs with WT1 deletion, whereas four of eight WTs with WT1 mutation or both deletion and mutation showed higher levels of WT1 mRNA than fetal kidneys. WTs with WT1 mutations occurred in younger patients (P < 0.01), and WTs with mutations or both deletion and mutation (12/23) were more frequent in syndromic patients than WTs (1/13) with the deletion (P = 0.02). WTs with WT1 mutations or both deletion and mutation had the triphasic histological‐type (15/23; P = 0.03) and CTNNB1 mutation (17/23; P = 0.03) more frequently than WTs with the deletion (2/13 and 4/13). Thus, three WT1 subtypes were correlated with certain genetic and clinicopathological characteristics. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CAMcog as a screening tool for diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in a Brazilian clinical sample of moderate to high education
Authors: Nunes Paula V. , Diniz Breno S. , Radanovic Marcia , Abreu Izabella D. , Borelli Danilo T. , Yassuda Monica S. , Forlenza Orestes V. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe CAMCOG is a brief neuropsychological battery designed to assess global cognitive function and ascertain the impairments that are required for the diagnosis of dementia. To date, the cut‐off scores for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have not been determined. Given the need for an earlier diagnosis of mild dementia, new cut‐off values are also necessary, taking into account cultural and educational effects.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐seven older adults (mean age: 69.6 ± 7.4 years) with 8 or more years of formal education (mean years of schooling 14.2 ± 3.8) attending a memory clinic at the Institute of Psychiatry University of Sao Paulo were included. Subjects were divided into three groups according to their cognitive status, established through clinical and neuropsychological assessment: normal controls, n = 62; MCI, n = 65; and mild or moderate dementia, n = 30. ROC curve analyses were performed for dementia vs controls, MCI vs controls and MCI vs dementia.ResultsThe cut‐off values were: 92/93 for dementia vs controls (AUC = 0.99: sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 95%); 95/96 for MCI vs controls (AUC = 0.83, sensitivity: 64%, specificity: 88%), and 85/86 for MCI vs dementia (AUC = 0.91, sensitivity: 81%, specificity: 88%). The total CAMCOG score was more accurate than its subtests Mini‐mental State Examination, Verbal Fluency Test and Clock Drawing Test when used separately.ConclusionsThe CAMCOG discriminated controls and MCI from demented patients, but was less accurate to discriminate MCI from controls. The best cut‐off value to differentiate controls and demented was higher than suggested in the original publication, probably because only cases of mild to moderate dementia were included. This is important given the need for a diagnostic at earlier stages of Alzheimer's disease. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cortical sources of visual evoked potentials during consciousness of executive processes
Authors: Babiloni Claudio , Vecchio Fabrizio , Iacoboni Marco , Buffo Paola , Eusebi Fabrizio , Rossini Paolo Maria 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWhat is the timing of cortical activation related to consciousness of visuo‐spatial executive functions? Electroencephalographic data (128 channels) were recorded in 13 adults. Cue stimulus briefly appeared on right or left (equal probability) monitor side for a period, inducing about 50% of recognitions. It was then masked and followed (2 s) by a central visual go stimulus. Left (right) mouse button had to be clicked after right (left) cue stimulus. This “inverted” response indexed executive processes. Afterward, subjects said “seen” if they had detected the cue stimulus or “not seen” when it was missed. Sources of event‐related potentials (ERPs) were estimated by LORETA software. The inverted responses were about 95% in seen trials and about 60% in not seen trials. Cue stimulus evoked frontal–parietooccipital potentials, having the same peak latencies in the seen and not seen data. Maximal difference in amplitude of the seen and not seen ERPs was detected at about +300‐ms post‐stimulus (P3). P3 sources were higher in amplitude in the seen than not seen trials in dorsolateral prefrontal, premotor and parietooccipital areas. This was true in dorsolateral prefrontal and premotor cortex even when percentage of the inverted responses and reaction time were paired in the seen and not seen trials. These results suggest that, in normal subjects, the primary consciousness enhances the efficacy of visuo‐spatial executive processes and is sub‐served by a late (100‐ to 400‐ms post‐stimulus) enhancement of the neural synchronization in frontal areas. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective detrending method for reducing task‐correlated motion artifact during speech in event‐related FMRI
Authors: Gopinath Kaundinya , Crosson Bruce , McGregor Keith , Peck Kyung K. , Chang Yu‐Ling , Moore Anna , Sherod Megan , Cavanagh Christy , Wabnitz Ashley , Wierenga Christina , White Keith , Cheshkov Sergey , Krishnamurthy Venkatagiri , Briggs Richard W. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTask‐correlated motion artifacts that occur during functional magnetic resonance imaging can be mistaken for brain activity. In this work, a new selective detrending method for reduction of artifacts associated with task‐correlated motion (TCM) during speech in event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging is introduced and demonstrated in an overt word generation paradigm. The performance of this new method is compared with that of three existing methods for reducing artifacts because of TCM: (1) motion parameter regression, (2) ignoring images during speech, and (3) detrending time course datasets of signal components related to TCM (deduced from artifact corrupted voxels). The selective detrending method outperforms the other three methods in reducing TCM artifacts and in retaining blood oxygenation level dependent signal. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.