bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and degeneration of hearing in the c57/b16 mouse: Relation of electrophysiologic responses from the round window and cochlear nucleus to cochlear anatomy and behavioral responses
Authors: Mikaelian Diran O. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn disorders of the auditory organ associated with hearing loss, a correlation of the anatomical, behavioral and electrophysiological studies furnishes the investigator several parameters of study to better comprehend the hearing mechanism and the various anatomical structural dysfunctions that relate to the hearing loss.Mice are interesting to study because they carry several types of genes for hereditary deafness. Until recently, it was very difficult to train mice for behavioral hearing threshold testing; however, having developed such a method, the next step was to study the normal mice in these three parameters and extend the studies to mice with hereditary hearing loss. The type of mouse studied in this research was the C57/b16 strain which carries such a gene.The results of the studies indicate that the results of the behavioral and electrophysiological studies relate well to each other, and that light microscopic studies (if taken alone) do not furnish us with the actual functional capability of the structures of the inner ear.It is recommended (and it would be most valuable) that efforts should be made to collect and study human temporal bones with all three parameters of study for a better understanding of the structures of the human inner ear. Reference is made and recommendations given as to the parameters of studies while performing human electrocochleography.
Radiation therapy of the nasopharynx: A 30 year view
Authors: Loeb William J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA 15 to 30 year follow‐up study has been made of radium therapy to the nasopharynx for Eustachian tube obstruction and serous otitis, with a review of the relevant literature. No malignancies or other complications have been seen or recorded. Objective evaluation leads to the conclusion that this is a safe, effective treatment modality. In spite of this it has been discontinued because of public fear and pressure. A judgement reached for this reason, ignoring scientific medical facts, contains the seeds of decline of quality and effectiveness of medical care.
The double‐membrane break syndrome in sudden hearing loss
Authors: Simmons F. Blair 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSome patients with sudden hearing loss actually have two membrane breaks, one at the oval or round window and one further inside the cochlea. One may heal spontaneously and the other not, or both, or neither. It is very likely impossible to detect this early from the threshold audiogram, because the intracochlear breaks allows endolymph and perilymph mixing which spreads over much of the anatomically normal cochlea causing diffuse loss of function. This theory is illustrated by three case histories.
“How i do it” — Plastic surgery: Practical suggestions on facial plastic surgery: Technique for construction of facial moulage
Authors: Keenan Joseph P. , Ruiz Jose W. , Snyder G. Gordon 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe ability to construct a facial moulage is a valuable skill which should be in the armamentarium of every facial plastic surgeon. Recently, there appears to have been a lessening of interest in teaching this skill. Many descriptions of this task have not been adequate to meet the needs of a surgeon, who wished to construct a moulage, without previous training in this technique.This paper has been written in the hope of filling this void. It will enable one to construct good facial moulages. This technique is simple, practical and useful. It is important to realize that multiple techniques have been used by different people for many years.
Immunologic aspects of otologic disease: An overview
Authors: Schiff Maurice , Yoo T. J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe immunologic explosion has now reached the field of otology. By having better techniques to measure the changes at cellular and molecular levels, it is now possible to devise experiments to show morphologic anatomic changes as well as functional changes.The demonstration in 1980 (M.S.) that tympanosclerosis could be induced immunologically represents a concrete advancement in immunologic thinking in conceptualization of otologic disease.In 1974, one of the authors (M.S.) published work dealing with the treatment of vasculitis of immunologic origin for sudden hearing loss. This was aimed at inhibiting the complement cascade from starting its destructive action. Recently, the immunologic challenge in animals demonstrated by changes in the inner ear was shown by one of the authors (T.J.Y.). Such changes were compatible with labyrinthine hydrops, or Meniere's disease, otosclerosis, and sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction.
Acute epiglottitis in the adult
Authors: Deeb Ziad E. , Yenson Anthony C. , Defries Hugh O. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAcute epiglottitis may be fatal when diagnosis is delayed. The literature stresses data that does not help to predict impending airway obstruction in patients who present with a sore throat, the most consistent presenting symptom among patients with acute epiglottitis. In this review of 80 cases of epiglottitis in adults, almost all patients who presented within eight hours from onset of symptoms required airway intervention, while the majority of those who presented more than eight hours after onset of symptoms never developed acute upper respiratory obstruction and were treated medically or had supportive treatment only. Artificial airway was indicated in all patients who had drooling. There were no fatalities in this series, however, we recommend keeping all patients with acute epiglottitis in an intensive care unit for at least 24 hours after admission.
Revision sphenoidethmoidectomy
Authors: Eichel Berkley S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn 1981, a series of 226 intranasal ethmoidectomy (INE) procedures was reported with a complication rate of 1.8%. Special attention has subsequently been directed to the surgical failures; namely, recurrent nasal polyposis which accounted for approximately 17%. The reason for recurrence in most instances was felt due to failure to do n more thorough posterior ethmoidectomy and enter and clean out the sphenoid sinuses. Subsequently, in all revision cases where a more thorough sphenoidethmoidectomy (RSE) was performed, the overall long‐term success rate raised to better than 90%. Attention to skeletonizing the middle turbinate by stripping mucosa and leaving a thin bony shell is an important technical factor. An attempt is made to leave some of this bony skeletonized medial wall of the middle turbinate as it represents the most crucial landmark in doing the surgery via the intranasal route.There still remains approximately 8% to 10% of this patient population with nasal polyposis and sinusitis of such severity that surgery has offered only a temporary measure of relief. In dealing with this group it may be necessary to see these patients postoperatively at four to six‐week intervals, carefully suctioning the ethmoid labyrinth and occasionally doing minor office “touch‐up” ethmoidectomy‐polypectomy procedures to clean off redundant mucosa or early polyposis. This paper is written to offer a compromise to the two schools of intranasal ethmoidectomy surgery as to the necessity of removing or not removing the middle turbinate in its entirety.
Surgery for correction of bilateral choanal atresia
Authors: Samuel Julian , Fernandes Carlos M. C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA transnasal approach was employed in 28 neonates (26 blacks and 2 whites) with bilateral choanal atresia. In each patient the atresia was perforated microsurgically with the drill, followed by insertion of a Portex endotracheal tube for a period of three months. By this method a satisfactory nasal respiration was established immediately. Removal of the posterior part of the vomer is crucial to the successful result.During the follow‐up, one death was recorded in a microcephalic neonate, unrelated to the operation and another four patients required repositioning of the tube under general anesthesia. We feel that the above technique is simple and definitive with negligible complications.
Reconstruction of the eustachian tube and the anterior tympanum: Planned staged tubo‐tympanoplasty
Authors: Murata Kiyotaka , Ohta Fumihiko 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA new technique is demonstrated in the management of chronic otitis media with inflammatory stenosis of the Eustachian tube. Bone exposure of the Eustachian tubal orifice and peritubal air cells was followed by placement of a long T‐shaped solid silicone plate in this area. Postoperative care was taken to ensure wound healing in the same way as after radical mastoidectomy. At the second stage surgery the Eustachian tube and pretympanum were found to have developed with an intact mucous membrane. A middle ear space with or without reconstruction of the posterior meatal wall and obliteration of mastoidectomy cavity could easily be rebuilt. A sound pressure transformer mechanism could be established at the second stage surgery.
Swimming unprotected with long‐shafted middle ear ventilation tubes
Authors: Lounsbury Benjamin F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPatients, parents, and physicians are all concerned about the risks of swimming unprotected with middle ear ventilation tubes. The risks have not previously been carefully quantified or correlated with the degree of swimming activity. In this study, 53 children with tympanometrically proven patent long‐shafted tubes were allowed to swim unprotected. They suffered six middle ear infections that were clearly caused by swimming. Five of these infections occurred in divers. The rate of infections for divers was approximately one per 100 days of swimming activity. The rate for non‐divers was approximately one per 600 days. Unprotected swimming was well accepted by almost all parents and patients. The need for earplugs for all children who swim with long‐shafted ventilation tubes is questioned.
Identifying the sexually abused deaf child: The otolaryngologist's role
Authors: Brookhouser Patrick E. , Sullivan Patricia , Scanlan John M. , Garbarino James 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAs a primary physician for most deaf children, the otolaryngologist must be able to identify signs and symptoms of sexual abuse. Child sexual abuse is a topic of national concern as epidemiologic data indicate more than 100,000 American children become victims annually. This paper provides an overview of the incidence, demographic characteristics, risk factors, and dynamics of child sexual abuse within both the general handicapped and, specifically, the hearing imparied populations. Strategies for identifying the sexually abused hearing impaired child are delineated including the physical appearance and behavioral manifestations of child victims, as well as the characteristics of abusive caretakers and perpetrators. Case summaries are presented which illustrate these characteristics. A national center specializing in the evaluation and treatment of abused handicapped children is described.
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss following manipulation of the cervical spine
Authors: Brownson Richmond Jay , Zollinger William K. , Madeira Tony , Fell David 
Published: September 2006

AbstractReview of the otolaryngologic literature reveals no reports of sudden sensorineural hearing loss resulting from manipulation of the cervical spine. Indeed, in previously reported cases of vertebrobasilar artery injury following spinal manipulation, hearing loss has received little attention. Two patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss following cervical spine manipulation are presented. The audiologic findings and cerebral arteriograms are reviewed and treatment is discussed. A review of the anatomy and pathophysiology is also included, and a possible mechanism of injury to the vertebral artery is proposed.
Electrically evoked potentials in cochlear implant subjects
Authors: Miyamoto Richard T. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA series of experiments was performed to study electrically evoked potentials as indicators of subject response to cochlear implantation. 1. Brain stem evoked responses to electrical stimulation were compared to those obtained by acoustic stimulation in guinea pigs. The response pattern was similar and was independent of the site of placement of the stimulus electrode (cochlear base or apex) or of the extracochlear ground electrode (eustachian tube or temporalis muscle) when evoked electrically. 2. Electrically evoked middle latency responses were recorded and compared to subjective behavioral thresholds in patients who had received a single channel cochlear implant (House‐Urban). The behavioral responses to the same stimuli were similar. 3. Electrically evoked auditory brain stem responses were studied in single channel cochlear implant subjects (3M/House). When evoked electrically, potential latencies were shorter and interpeak intervals narrower than acoustically evoked potentials.
A comparison of auditory brain stem evoked potentials in hyperlipidemics and normolipemic subjects
Authors: Ben‐David Y. , Pratt H. , Landman L. , Fradis M. , Podoshin L. , Yeshurun D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwenty‐five hyperlipidemic, neurologically and audiologically asymptomatic patients were compared to 20 normolipemic control subjects regarding different interpeak latency differences (IPLD) of auditory brain stem evoked potentials (ABEP). ABEP were recorded in response to click stimuli presented at a rate of 10/sec and 55/sec. The net effect of increasing stimulus rate (ISR) on IPLD of ABEP was significantly greater in the hyperlipidemic patients for IPLD (V‐I) and IPLD (III‐I). ISR of ABEP indicates a trend of subclinical impairments of brain stem function in hyperlipidemic patients, probably due to ischemia accelerated by their condition.
Absorbable gelatin film verses silicone rubber sheeting in orbital fracture treatment
Authors: Parkin James L. , Stevens Michael H. , Stringham James C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOrbital floor fractures can result in herniation of orbital tissues and impairment of ocular function. In this experimental study, orbital defects were created surgically in cats. The gross and histologic healing of these defects was compared among animals implanted with silicone rubber sheeting or absorbable gelatin film and animals that received no implants. Both implanted animal groups demonstrated enhancement of healing. The absorbable gelatin film showed less migration, less inflammatory response, and improved healing. This animal study supports the use of absorbable gelatin film in the surgical management of orbital fractures.
Single dose amoxicillin treatment of acute otitis media
Authors: Puczynski Mark S. , Stankiewicz James A. , O'Keefe J. aul 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA double blind study comparing a single dose of amoxicillin versus a 10‐day course of amoxicillin in the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) was undertaken. All children diagnosed with AOM in a pediatric clinic were requested to participate. After tympanocentesis was performed, patients were randomly assigned to receive either amoxicillin (100 mg/kg) followed by placebo every 8 hours for 10 days or placebo followed by amoxicillin (40 mg/kg/D) for 10 days. Patients returned to clinic on days 3 and 10 post‐treatment.Seventeen patients were enrolled: 7 received single dose therapy and 10 received 10 days of therapy. There were no failures in the control group and 3 failures in the single dose group (day 5, day 6, and 11) (p=0.05). Middle ear isolates included: S. pneumoniae 7, H. influenzaa 4, B. catarrhalis 1, and no pathogen in 5. Due to the significant number of failures in the treatment group, the study was prematurely terminated.Our study shows that single‐dose amoxicillin is not adequate treatment for AOM.
Multichannel intracochlear electrodes: Mechanism of insertion trauma
Authors: Kennedy David W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCochlear damage from electrode insertion, a potential cause of further neural degeneration, is a major concern in the use of intracochlear electrodes. A study was undertaken to evaluate mechanisms by which damage may occur. Fresh human temporal bone preparations were created to allow direct intracochlear observation during round window insertion of a free‐fitting multichannel intracochlear electrode array. The path taken by the electrode, point of first resistance, and any resulting damage were documented.Tips of study electrodes in this preparation tended to embed in the outer wall of the scala tympani. The integrity of the basilar partition was largely maintained during insertion when this was stopped at the point of first resistance. However, insertion beyond the point of first resistance typically resulted in widespread damage to intracochlear structures.
Intraoperative real‐time monitoring of brain stem facial evoked response (BFER)
Authors: Hammerschlag P. E. , Berg H.M. , Cohen N.L. , John E. R. , Prichep L. S. , Ransohoff J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractInjury to the facial nerve is of concern in surgery of cerebellopontine angle tumors. The crossed acoustic reflex provides a way to monitor the ipsilateral facial nerve with the auditory stimuli delivered to the contralateral side. Using the method of optimum digital filtering, it is possible to monitor the resulting brain stem facial evoked response (BFER) in real time. This paper presents preliminary experiences in more than 18 such operations monitored using this method. This preliminary study demonstrates a trend for a high (88.8%) correlation between BFER and postoperative facial nerve function. Identical latencies from simultaneous BFER and facial nerve recordings along with findings after facial nerve transection suggest that some portion of the complex BFER waveform derives from facial nerve depolarization.
Experimental autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Harris Jeffrey P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAlterations in host immunity result in a number of disorders affecting multiple organ systems, including the inner ear. The mechanism of injury is poorly understood; as such, this study investigated whether an experimental model of autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss (ASNHL) could be established. Animals were immunized with heterologous inner ear antigen and then evaluated for evidence of evolving inner ear autoimmunity. These animals uniformly developed antibodies to inner ear antigen in their sera and perilymph and 12 of 38 ears showed significant increases in action potential thresholds. Histopathological lesions consisted of loss of cochlear neurons, perivascular plasma cell infiltrates, edema, and extravasation of erythrocytes. These findings are characteristic of autoimmune injury and suggest the establishment of an experimental model of ASNHL in which to further investigate this clinical disorder.
A prospective evaluation of speaking tracheostomy tubes for ventilator dependent patients
Authors: Sparker Ann W. , Nevlud Gail N. , Watkins Carol N. , Robbins K. Thomas , Jahrsdoerfer Robert A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe effectiveness of speaking tracheostomy tubes for ventilator dependent patients has not been clearly established. Only a few reports by authors using the device are available. We describe our experience with 23 patients who were evaluated for insertion of the speaking tracheostomy tube. Nineteen patients were determined to be appropriate candidates and we observed significant benefits from its use in 15 of these patients. The major problems were air leaks around the cuff, nonavailability of smaller sizes, and dependence on an assistant during its use. Careful screening is important when selecting candidates for the device since inappropriate selection may cause further frustration and a sense of failure for the patient.
Discrepancies between clinical and histopathologic diagnoses in T3 pyriform sinus cancer
Authors: Tani Mitsutake , Amatsu Mutsuo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe various ways in which pyriform sinus cancer extends to laryngeal structures were analyzed by whole‐organ serial‐sectioning. The problems regarding vocal cord fixation (T3) by this cancer are discussed.This study found that vocal cord fixation in pyriform sinus cancer is due mainly to the involvement of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles and not to the involvement of the arytenoid cartilage or the cricoarytenoid joint.A tumor originating in the medial wall tends to extend medially and to invade the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. This causes vocal cord fixation (T3) before classification as T2. However, a tumor originating in the lateral wall extends laterally beyond the thyroid ala (T4) with a mobile cord. Therefore, it is suggested that the T classification of the vocal cord fixation (T3) of pyriform sinus cancer may not reflect the actual cancer involvement.
A comparison of retrosigmoid iac, retrolabyrinthine, and middle fossa vestibular neurectomy for treatment of vertigo
Authors: Silverstein Herbert , Norrell Horace , Haberkamp Thomas 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA new procedure, the retrosigmoid internal auditory canal (IAC) vestibular neurectomy has been developed and presented. It involves a 3‐cm retrosigmoid craniotomy removing the posterior wall of the IAC to the singular canal, with transection of the superior vestibular nerve and posterior ampullary nerve. This produces a complete denervation of the vestibular labyrinth and preserves the patient's hearing. All ten patients with Meniere's disease had their vertigo cured. Hearing was preserved to within II dB of the preoperative pure tone average in 9 of 10 cases. There were no serious complications, no cases of facial paralysis, and no cases of total hearing loss. These results compare favorably with the MFVN and the RVN. The retrosigmoid IAC vestibular neurectomy is an important improvement in the evolution of vestibular neurectomy for the treatment of vertigo.
Polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma of the tongue
Authors: Kennedy Kevin S. , Healy Katheleen M. , Taylor Robert E. , Strom C. G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPrimary adenocarcinoma of the oral cavity is an infrequently encountered problem. Adenocarcinomas are distinctive lesions which can be subclassified according to their tissue growth patterns or histomorphology. The polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma of the oral cavity is usually of minor salivary gland origin. We present an unusual case of polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma of the tongue and add this case to the existing two previous reports in the literature. A review of the current literature concerning this tumor is included. Treatment presently consists of complete local excision followed by radiation therapy.
Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the head and neck
Authors: Anonsen Cynthia K. , Donaldson Sarah S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLangerhans' cell histiocytosis has been accepted by many to replace the term Histiocytosis X, describing a poorly defined continuum of diseases involving neoplastic proliferation of histiocytes. Twenty‐four cases of histologically confirmed Langerhans' cell histiocytosis with head and neck involvement were seen between the years 1970 to 1986, and charts were reviewed retrospectively. Control of local osseous disese was successful using radiation therapy in 100% of those cases with follow‐up. Surgical curettage of bone lesions was successful in a small number of cases. Chemotherapy alone or in combination with radiation appeared to enhance survival in patients with recurrent disease or multisystem involvement. Sixteen of the 24 patients (67%) are disease free with a mean follow‐up of 6 years. Prompt diagnosis and careful follow‐up are important to improve survival and prevent complications.