bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrahospital transport of critically ill patients: Nurse anaesthetists' and specialist ICU nurses' experiences
Authors: Skoglund Karin , Bescher Milo , Ekwall Savannah , Hammar Lena Marmstål 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntrahospital transport (IHT) is often performed by nurse anaesthetists and specialist intensive care nurses. Studies have shown that IHT increases the risk of mortality and morbidity, with up to 71% negative incidents. Using checklists when preparing for an IHT is important. Several international guidelines exist to ensure IHT safety and reduce the risk of complications. However, existing guidelines are often problematic in clinical practice.AimThis study aimed to describe the experiences of nurse anaesthetists and specialized intensive care nurses during the IHT of adult patients with critical illnesses.Study DesignThis study adopted a mixed‐methods approach.MethodsData were collected through a questionnaire completed by 66 nurses with specialist education in anaesthesia or intensive care. The data were analysed with qualitative content analysis, and the quantitative data were analysed with descriptive statistics.ResultsTwo categories with two subcategories each emerged from the analysis of the responses of nurse anaesthetists and specialist intensive care nurses regarding their IHT experiences: creating good circumstances (subcategories: being risk‐conscious and the importance of meticulous preparations) and the importance of routines and education (subcategories: following guidelines and having adequate training).ConclusionIHT was described as a high risk for patient safety and complications. Routines with good compliance and education can positively impact patient safety during IHT. Checklists and scenario training can better prepare nurse anaesthetists and specialist intensive care nurses to manage complications that may arise during IHT, resulting in safer patient care.Relevance for Clinical PracticeThe findings underscore the importance of written guidelines for IHT, emphasizing awareness and adherence by the entire team. Careful pre‐IHT preparations, coupled with an understanding of potential risks, are vital for ensuring patient safety. Clinical training and discussions following incidents during IHT play a crucial role in raising the collective awareness of patient safety within the entire team. Written guidelines about IHT are of utmost importance, and everyone in the team should be aware of and follow the guidelines. It is important to make careful preparations before IHT and to be aware of the possible risks to patient safety. Clinical training and discussions about IHT where patient safety has been impaired are important to increase the whole team's awareness of patient safety during IHT.
Public Healthcare Financing during Counterinsurgency Efforts: Evidence from Colombia*
Authors: Lordemus Samuel , Kreif Noemi , Moreno‐Serra Rodrigo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHow do government counterinsurgency efforts affect local public health financing during civil conflicts? We investigate this question in the context of the protracted conflict in Colombia. Using data on antinarcotics operations and health transfers from the central government to municipal governments, we employ both panel estimations and an instrumental variable to address concerns of endogeneity. We first show evidence of a government discretionary power over the allocation of health transfers. We do not find evidence that counterinsurgency operations causally affect health transfers to municipalities. Our results rule out political alignment between mayors and the national governing party as an intermediary factor that could influence the flow of fiscal transfers in municipalities exposed to the conflict.
Self‐reported pain during different phases of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance: A multi‐centre randomized controlled trial in adolescents with crowding
Authors: Johansson Kristina , Matilainen Linda Bokander , Wiaderny Michal , Berlin Henrik , Klingberg Gunilla , Ghiasi Houda , Brechter Anna , Paulsson Liselotte 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo compare self‐reported pain levels across various treatment phases using passive self‐ligating (Damon) and conventional (Victory) standardized fixed appliance systems.Materials and MethodsAdolescents (12–17 years old) with crowding and displaced teeth, planned for non‐extraction treatment, were recruited from four orthodontic clinics. They were randomized into stratified blocks (1:1 ratio) using concealed allocation to receive Damon Q™ (34 boys, 28 girls) or Victory™ (39 boys, 31 girls). Pain and analgesic intake were assessed on seven different occasions with validated self‐report questionnaires using a 10‐grade scale.ResultsOf the 132 patients included, six were lost to follow up. Clinically relevant mean pain scores (≥4) were registered in both groups after bonding upper and lower arches and after insertion of 0.019 × 0.025 stainless steel archwire. The highest mean scores were reported on day two after bonding the upper arch (Damon 5.96, Victory 7.18, P = .011). In both groups, at least 40% reported taking analgesics during various treatment phases. The Damon group reported a lower intake of analgesics on days one and two (P = .042 and .037) after treatment initiation. In the entire sample, boys reported significantly higher mean pain scores than girls on the second and third days after bonding (P = .008 and .026, respectively).ConclusionsLower pain levels were reported from the Damon group after bonding. In general, boys reported higher pain than girls did. Clinicians and adolescents need to be aware that clinically relevant pain levels can be expected not only after bonding but also in later phases.
Oil price shocks pass‐through to domestic prices in Nigeria
Authors: Orekoya Samuel , Adeniyi Oluwatosin , Tijani Idris 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe study investigated the potential non‐linear impacts of fluctuations in oil prices on domestic prices in Nigeria. Utilising the non‐linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model, the study revealed the presence of asymmetry in the behaviour of domestic prices. Both forms of oil price shocks were observed to have a negative influence on domestic prices in the short term, with only positive oil price shocks demonstrating statistical significance. However, in the long run, a distinct pattern emerged where a decrease in oil prices significantly affected domestic prices. Additionally, analysis of VAR impulse response showed a consistently negative reaction of domestic prices to oil price shocks, falling below the steady‐state equilibrium. The study concluded that changes in oil prices, in conjunction with other macroeconomic variables, affected the prices of domestic goods in Nigeria, whether in the short or long term. This underscored the complexity of Nigeria's economic landscape. Consequently, it is advisable to prudently invest excess revenue generated from rising oil prices to mitigate the adverse impacts of negative oil shocks on the economy.
Allowable movement of wavefront‐guided contact lens corrections in normal and keratoconic eyes
Authors: Applegate Raymond A. , Hastings Gareth D. , Jiménez‐García Marta , Francis Sharon , Koppen Carina , Rozema Jos J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeThe goal was to use SyntEyes modelling to estimate the allowable alignment error of wavefront‐guided rigid contact lens corrections for a range of normal and keratoconic eye aberration structures to keep objectively measured visual image quality at or above average levels of well‐corrected normal eyes. Secondary purposes included determining the required radial order of correction, whether increased radial order of the corrections further constrained the allowable alignment error and how alignment constraints vary with keratoconus severity.MethodsBuilding on previous work, 20 normal SyntEyes and 20 keratoconic SyntEyes were fitted with optimised wavefront‐guided rigid contact lens corrections targeting between three and eight radial orders that drove visual image quality, as measured objectively by the visual Strehl ratio, to near 1 (best possible) over a 5‐mm pupil for the aligned position. The resulting wavefront‐guided contact lens was then allowed to translate up to ±1 mm in the x‐ and y‐directions and rotate up ±15°.ResultsAllowable alignment error changed as a function of the magnitude of aberration structure to be corrected, which depends on keratoconus severity. This alignment error varied only slightly with the radial order of correction above the fourth radial order. To return the keratoconic SyntEyes to average levels of visual image quality depended on maximum anterior corneal curvature (Kmax). Acceptable tolerances for misalignment that returned keratoconic visual image quality to average normal levels varied between 0.29 and 0.63 mm for translation and approximately ±6.5° for rotation, depending on the magnitude of the aberration structure being corrected.ConclusionsAllowable alignment errors vary as a function of the aberration structure being corrected, the desired goal for visual image quality and as a function of keratoconus severity.
Central venous catheter tip positioning using ultrasound in pediatric patients—A prospective observational study
Authors: Neumann Claudia , Breil Martin , Schild Amelie , Schenk Alina , Jakobs Patrick , Mikus Marian , Schindler Ehrenfried 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn children, central venous catheter (CVC) placement is usually performed under ultrasound guidance for optimal visualization of vessels and reduction of puncture‐related complications. Nevertheless, in many cases, additional radiographic examinations are performed to check the position of the catheter tip.AimThe primary objective of this observational feasibility study was to determine the number of ultrasound‐guided central venous catheter tips that can be identified in a subsequent position check using ultrasonography. Furthermore, we investigated the optimal ultrasound window, time expenditure, and success rate concerning puncture attempts and side effects. In addition, we compared the calculated and real insertion depths and analyzed the position of the catheter tip on postoperative radiographs with the tracheal bifurcation as a traditional landmark.MethodsNinety children with congenital heart defects who required a central venous line for cardiac surgery were included in this single‐center study. After the insertion of the catheter, the optimal position of its tip was controlled using one of four predefined ultrasound windows. A chest radiograph was obtained postoperatively in accordance with hospital standards to check the catheter tip position determined by ultrasonography.ResultsThe children had a median (IQR) age of 11.5 (4.0, 58.8) months and a mean (SD) BMI of 15.3 (2.91) kg/m2 Ultrasound visualization of the catheter tip was successful in 86/90 (95.6%) children (95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.3%, 99.8%). Postoperative radiographic examination showed that the catheter tip was in the desired position in 94.4% (95% CI: 89.7%, 99.2%) of the cases. None of the children needed the catheter tip position being corrected based on chest radiography.ConclusionAdditional radiation exposure after the placement of central venous catheters can be avoided with the correct interpretation of standardized ultrasound windows, especially in vulnerable children with cardiac disease.
ScRNA‐seq reveals dark‐ and light‐induced differentially expressed gene atlases of seedling leaves in Arachis hypogaea L.
Authors: Deng Quanqing , Du Puxuan , Gangurde Sunil S. , Hong Yanbin , Xiao Yuan , Hu Dongxiu , Li Haifen , Lu Qing , Li Shaoxiong , Liu Haiyan , Wang Runfeng , Huang Lu , Wang Wenyi , Garg Vanika , Liang Xuanqiang , Varshney Rajeev K. , Chen Xiaoping , Liu Hao 
Published: February 2024

SummaryAlthough the regulatory mechanisms of dark and light‐induced plant morphogenesis have been broadly investigated, the biological process in peanuts has not been systematically explored on single‐cell resolution. Herein, 10 cell clusters were characterized using scRNA‐seq‐identified marker genes, based on 13 409 and 11 296 single cells from 1‐week‐old peanut seedling leaves grown under dark and light conditions. 6104 genes and 50 transcription factors (TFs) displayed significant expression patterns in distinct cell clusters, which provided gene resources for profiling dark/light‐induced candidate genes. Further pseudo‐time trajectory and cell cycle evidence supported that dark repressed the cell division and perturbed normal cell cycle, especially the PORA abundances correlated with 11 TFs highly enriched in mesophyll to restrict the chlorophyllide synthesis. Additionally, light repressed the epidermis cell developmental trajectory extending by inhibiting the growth hormone pathway, and 21 TFs probably contributed to the different genes transcriptional dynamic. Eventually, peanut AHL17 was identified from the profile of differentially expressed TFs, which encoded protein located in the nucleus promoted leaf epidermal cell enlargement when ectopically overexpressed in Arabidopsis through the regulatory phytohormone pathway. Overall, our study presents the different gene atlases in peanut etiolated and green seedlings, providing novel biological insights to elucidate light‐induced leaf cell development at the single‐cell level.
Switching perspectives: The roles of plant cellular reprogramming during nematode parasitism
Authors: Guarneri Nina , Schwelm Arne , Goverse Aska , Smant Geert 
Published: February 2024

Summary statementWe propose exploring plant biotrophic parasitism from both a pathogen‐centred and a plant‐centred perspective. This can generate novel research questions and reveal common plant mitigation strategies in response to biotrophic pathogens.
Passionfruit severe leaf distortion virus: Expanded host range, response ofPassifloraspp. plants to infection and transmission byBemisia tabaciMEAM1
Authors: Chinelato Gressa Amanda , Favara Gabriel Madoglio , Ferro Camila Geovana , Bello Vinicius Henrique , de Oliveira Felipe Franco , Kraide Heron Delgado , Spadotti David Marques de Almeida , Junqueira Nilton Tadeu Vilela , Rezende Jorge Alberto Marques 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPassionfruit severe leaf distortion virus (PSLDV) is a begomovirus transmitted byBemisia tabaciMiddle East‐Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), associated with severe disease in passion flowers. This study aimed to evaluate the reaction of plants of different species ofPassiflorato infection with PSLDV, expand the known host range of the virus and determine the minimum virus acquisition and inoculation access periods and the time of virus retention byB. tabaciMEAM1. Plants ofPassiflora cincinnata,P. mucronataandP. malacophyllawere not infected with PSLDV through transmission withB. tabaciMEAM1. When healthy plants of these species were fork grafted onto PSLDV‐infected plants ofP. edulis, only plants ofP. malacophyllaremained uninfected and the virus was not detected by PCR, suggesting immunity to this begomovirus. Plants ofDatura stramonium,Nicotiana benthamiana,N. clevelandii,N. tabacum‘Xanthi’,Solanum lycopersicum(tomato cv. Compack) and several varieties ofManihot esculenta(cassava cvs IAC 118‐96, IAC 6‐01, Paranavaí, IAC 576, IAC 90 and IAC 14) were susceptible to infection with PSLDV through transmission withB. tabaciMEAM1. Adults ofB.tabaciMEAM1 acquired PSLDV after 1 h of feeding on PSLDV‐infected plants ofD.stramonium.They transmitted the virus to healthy plants after feeding on these plants for 1 h, although with low transmission rates. The retention time of PSLDV in the vector was 14 days.
Power and culture: Understanding EU policies on agriculture and gender equality
Authors: Shortall Sally , Marangudakis Vangelis 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this article, we examine how the European Union (EU) acts as an international organisation, developing policies to be implemented by national governments. We focus on agriculture and gender equality. We examine the relationship between the EU and Member States regarding the construction and delivery of policies. It is a complex process, with differential levels of power and other actors in the process, notably lobby groups. We examine how agricultural policies and gender equality policies are developed. We examine the 2014–2020 Rural Development Regulation and carried out research in four member states. Interviews were undertaken with people who have experience of implementing the Common Agricultural Policy measures at a national level. We find the power of key players to be very strong in the agricultural context and weak in the gender context. When the two fields are ‘married’, we find there is little scope or interest to advance gender equality measures in agricultural policy.
Hyperspectral imaging‐based erythema classification in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kye Seula , Lee Onseok 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground/PurposeAmong the characteristics that appear in the epidermis of the skin, erythema is primarily evaluated through qualitative scales, such as visual assessment (VA). However, VA is not ideal because it relies on the experience and skill of dermatologists. In this study, we propose a new evaluation method based on hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to improve the accuracy of erythema diagnosis in clinical settings and investigate the applicability of HSI to skin evaluation.MethodsFor this study, 23 subjects diagnosed with atopic dermatitis were recruited. The inside of the right arm is selected as the target area and photographed using a hyperspectral camera (HS). Subsequently, based on the erythema severity visually assessed by a dermatologist, the severity classification performance of the RGB and HS images is compared.ResultsErythema severity is classified as high when using (i) all reflectances of the entire HSI band and (ii) a combination of color features (R of RGB, a* of CIEL*a*b*) and five selected bands through band selection. However, as the number of features increases, the amount of calculation increases and becomes inefficient; therefore, (ii), which uses only seven features, is considered to perform classification more efficiently than (i), which uses 150 features.ConclusionIn conclusion, we demonstrate that HSI can be applied to erythema severity classification, which can further increase the accuracy and reliability of diagnosis when combined with other features observed in erythema. Additionally, the scope of its application can be expanded to various studies related to skin pigmentation.
Hydrotropism mechanisms and their interplay with gravitropism
Authors: Wexler Yonatan , Schroeder Julian I. , Shkolnik Doron 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARYPlants partly optimize their water recruitment from the growth medium by directing root growth toward a moisture source, a phenomenon termed hydrotropism. The default mechanism of downward growth, termed gravitropism, often functions to counteract hydrotropism when the water‐potential gradient deviates from the gravity vector. This review addresses the identity of the root sites in which hydrotropism‐regulating factors function to attenuate gravitropism and the interplay between these various factors. In this context, the function of hormones, including auxin, abscisic acid, and cytokinins, as well as secondary messengers, calcium ions, and reactive oxygen species in the conflict between these two opposing tropisms is discussed. We have assembled the available data on the effects of various chemicals and genetic backgrounds on both gravitropism and hydrotropism, to provide an up‐to‐date perspective on the interactions that dictate the orientation of root tip growth. We specify the relevant open questions for future research. Broadening our understanding of root mechanisms of water recruitment holds great potential for providing advanced approaches and technologies that can improve crop plant performance under less‐than‐optimal conditions, in light of predicted frequent and prolonged drought periods due to global climate change.
The automorphism group of the quantum grassmannian
Authors: Launois S. , Lenagan T. H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe automorphism group of a quantised coordinate algebra is usually much smaller than that of its classical counterpart. Nevertheless, these automorphism groups are often very difficult to calculate. In this paper, we calculate the automorphism group of the quantum grassmannian in the case that the deformation parameter is not a root of unity. The main tool employed is the dehomogenisation equality which shows that a localisation of the quantum grassmannian is equal to a skew Laurent extension of quantum matrices. This equality is used to connect the automorphism group of the quantum grassmannian with that of quantum matrices, where the automorphism group is known.
On the ∞$\infty$‐topos semantics of homotopy type theory
Authors: Riehl Emily 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMany introductions to homotopy type theory and the univalence axiom gloss over the semantics of this new formal system in traditional set‐based foundations. This expository article, written as lecture notes to accompany a three‐part mini course delivered at the Logic and Higher Structures workshop at CIRM‐Luminy, attempt to survey the state of the art, first presenting Voevodsky's simplicial model of univalent foundations and then touring Shulman's vast generalization, which provides an interpretation of homotopy type theory with strict univalent universes in any ‐topos. As we will explain, this achievement was the product of a community effort to abstract and streamline the original arguments as well as develop new lines of reasoning.
Effect of Porosity Gradient on the Solidification of Paraffin in a Thermal Energy Storage Tank Filled With Metal Foam
Authors: Gao Xinyu , Huang Xinyu , Wei Pan , Yang Xiaohu , Boetcher Sandra K. S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Thermal energy storage (TES) systems are a promising solution for reutilizing industrial waste heat (IWH) for distributed thermal users. These systems have tremendous potential to increase energy efficiency and decrease carbon emissions in both industrial and building sectors. To further enhance the utilization rate of industrial waste heat, optimizing TES systems has attracted significant attention. This study explores the solidification process of a vertical shell-and-tube TES unit with the annulus filled with a composite phase-change material (PCM) comprising paraffin and copper foam. Numerical simulations are employed, which are verified by visualization experiments of the TES unit. To improve the thermal performance of the unit, porous media with nonuniform parameters is implemented. Nonuniform pore structures, featuring radially varying gradients (positive, i.e., porosity increasing in the positive radial direction, and negative, i.e., porosity decreasing in the positive radial direction) that are oriented perpendicular to the flow direction of the inner tube, are compared to uniformly dispersed pore structures. Results indicate that, compared to the uniform structure, the utilization of the positive gradient shortens the time to complete solidification by 15.9% while simultaneously increasing temperature uniformity by 14.6%. In contrast, the negative gradient results in a 5.7% increase in complete solidification time and a 31.0% decrease in temperature uniformity. The optimum gradient porosity combination (0.87-0.94-0.97) is obtained by the response surface method to optimize the structural parameters of the radial gradient porosity.