bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Raman spectroscopy as an In Situ Tool to Obtain Kinetic Data for Organic Transformations
Authors: Schmink Jason R. , Holcomb Jennifer L. , Leadbeater Nicholas E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRaman spectroscopy has been used as an in situ tool to obtain kinetic data for an organic transformation. The model reaction studied was the synthesis of 3‐acetylcoumarin from the condensation between salicylaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate with piperidine as a catalyst. The study shows that precise kinetic data can be obtained quickly and reproducibly, allowing for the facile determination of both overall reaction order and reaction order with respect to each component of the reaction. Additionally, Arrhenius parameters such as activation energy for a reaction can be readily obtained. In conjunction with computational modeling, this data‐rich analysis technique also allows for in‐depth probing of mechanistic aspects of reactions. Microwave heating proves to be an ideal tool for aiding in kinetic studies. It offers reproducible noncontact heating as well as precise temperature monitoring and data recording.
Intramolecular 1,8‐Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer Reactions in (1→4)‐O‐Disaccharide Systems: Conformational and Stereochemical Requirements
Authors: Francisco Cosme G. , Herrera Antonio J. , Kennedy Alan R. , Martín Angeles , Melián Daniel , Pérez‐Martín Inés , Quintanal Luis M. , Suárez Ernesto 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe stereochemical and conformational factors controlling the intramolecular hydrogen‐atom transfer (HAT) reaction between the two pyranose units in a (1→4)‐O‐disaccharide when promoted by a primary 6‐O‐yl radical are studied. Models with α‐D‐Glcp‐(1→4)‐β‐D‐Glcp, α‐L‐Rhamp‐(1→4)‐α‐D‐Galp or α‐D‐Manp‐(1→4)‐β‐L‐Gulp skeletons led exclusively to the abstraction of the hydrogen from HC‐5′ and the formation, through a nine‐membered transition state, of a 1,3,5‐trioxocane ring system in a stable boat–chair conformation. Notwithstanding, derivatives of α‐L‐Rhamp‐(1→4)‐α‐D‐Glcp or α‐D‐Manp‐(1→4)‐α‐D‐Galp exclusively abstract the hydrogen from HC‐1′ through a seven‐membered transition state and, therefore, lead to an interglycosidic spiro ortho ester.
A Novel Electrosynthetic System for Anodic Substitution Reactions by Using Parallel Laminar Flow in a Microflow Reactor
Authors: Horii Daisuke , Amemiya Fumihiro , Fuchigami Toshio , Atobe Mahito 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe have developed a novel electrosynthetic system for anodic substitution reactions by using parallel laminar flow in a microflow reactor. This system enables nucleophilic reactions to overcome the restraint, such as the oxidation potential of nucleophiles and the stability of cationic intermediates, by the combined use of ionic liquids as reaction media and the parallel laminar flow in the microflow reactor. By using this novel electrosynthetic system, the anodic substitution reaction of carbamates, especially of cyclic carbamates, with allyltrimethylsilane were carried out to provide the corresponding products in moderate to good conversion yields in a single flow‐through operation at ambient temperature (without the need for low‐temperature conditions).
New adaptive chiral thiophene ligands for copper‐catalyzed asymmetric Henry reaction
Authors: Bandini Marco , Cabiddu Salvatore , Cadoni Enzo , Olivelli Pasquale , Sinisi Riccardo , Umani‐Ronchi Achille , Usai Michele 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA new type of adaptive chiral thiophene‐based ligands 3 has been designed and developed. The synthetic flexibility of the thienyl ring allowed for the preparation of polydendate C2‐symmetric ligands in good yields, carrying simultaneously “hard” as well as “soft” coordinating atoms (i.e., N, S). The coordination attitude of 3 was then tested in the enantioselective base‐free Cu(OAc)2‐catalyzed addition of nitromethane to aromatic aldehydes, leading to the corresponding β‐nitro alcohols in excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses up to 86%. Chirality, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Picosecond Structural Relaxation of Abietic Acid Based Amine End Capped Para‐Phenylenevinylene Trimers in Solution
Authors: Di Paolo Roberto E. , Gigante Barbara , Esteves Maria A. , Pires Natércia , Santos Célia , Lameiro Maria H. , Seixas de Melo João , Burrows Hugh D. , Maçanita António L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe synthesis and photophysical properties of six new abietic acid based amine end‐capped p‐phenylenevinylene trimers (AECPV3) in their lowest excited singlet states are presented. The AECPV3 compounds show a large red‐shift of both the absorption (25–30 nm) and emission (37–42 nm) maxima with respect to those of the corresponding trimers. Picosecond time‐resolved fluorescence data reveal the presence of a fast conformational relaxation process (40–62 ps) of the initially excited compounds, leading to more planar conformers. The conformational relaxation time is proportional to the volume of both the side chain and the amine groups.
Structural Characteristics of Hydrogenated Carbon and Boron Nitride Nanotubes: Impact of HH Interactions
Authors: Tanskanen Jukka T. , Linnolahti Mikko , Karttunen Antti J. , Pakkanen Tapani A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe structural characteristics of perhydrogenated carbon and boron nitride nanotubes are determined by means of quantum chemical calculations. Two families of nanotubes are systematically studied for both carbon and boron nitride, the nanotubes being derived from the perhydrogenated (110) and (111) sheets of diamond and cubic boron nitride. Single‐walled perhydrogenated carbon nanotubes prefer structures analogous to the (111) sheet. In clear contrast, the single‐walled perhydrogenated boron nitride nanotubes prefer structures analogous to the (110) sheet. The significantly different structural characteristics are due to the polarization of hydrogen atoms in the perhydrogenated boron nitride nanotubes. The presence of attractive electrostatic HH interactions leads to a strong preference for multilayering of the boron nitride sheets and nanotubes. The results are expected to provide new insights into the structural characteristics of main‐group binary hydrides.
Epidemic thresholds for infections in uncertain networks
Authors: Zager L. , Verghese G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOver the last 10 years, the field of mathematical epidemiology has piqued the interest of complex‐systems researchers, resulting in a tremendous volume of work exploring the effects of population structure on disease propagation. Much of this research focuses on computing epidemic threshold tests, and in practice several different tests are often used interchangeably. We summarize recent literature that attempts to clarify the relationships among different threshold criteria, systematize the incorporation of population structure into a general infection framework, and discuss conditions under which interaction topology and infection characteristics can be decoupled in the computation of the basic reproductive ratio,R0. We then present methods for making predictions about disease spread when only partial information about the routes of transmission is available. These methods include approximation techniques and bounds obtained via spectral graph theory, and are applied to several data sets. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2009
Animal network phenomena: Insights from triadic games
Authors: Mesterton‐Gibbons Mike , Sherratt Tom N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTriadic interactions have a very important role to play in games of animal conflict on complex networks, because triads are both the simplest groups in which asymmetric network phenomena can be studied and the groups beyond dyads in which analysis of population games is most likely to be tractable, especially when allowing for intrinsic variation. Here we demonstrate how analytical models of triadic games can yield novel insights into a variety of behavioral phenomena within networks, including coalition formation, eavesdropping, and victory displays. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2009
Overexpression of CD49f in precursor B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Potential usefulness in minimal residual disease detection
Authors: DiGiuseppe Joseph A. , Fuller Sheila G. , Borowitz Michael J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground:The persistence of minimal residual disease (MRD) following therapy is an established prognostic factor in precursor B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pB‐ALL). Detection of MRD in pB‐ALL by flow cytometric immunophenotyping requires demonstration of abnormal antigen expression in leukemic B‐cell precursors relative to that of normal B‐cell precursors. The gene encoding CD49f (integrin α‐6) is one of several whose overexpression in pB‐ALL at diagnosis has been associated with the subsequent detection of MRD. However, whether CD49f might be a useful reagent in the immunophenotypic detection of MRD in pB‐ALL has not been evaluated.Methods:We evaluated CD49f expression by 4‐color flow cytometry in normal B‐cell precursors, and in a series of cases of pB‐ALL, both at diagnosis and at intervals following the initiation of therapy.Results:In 10 control marrow samples, CD49f was undetectable or extremely dim in all but a minor subset of normal CD19+ B‐lineage cells, whereas in 11 of 15 cases (73%) of pB‐ALL, CD49f was moderate or bright at diagnosis, and persisted or became brighter after initiation of therapy. MRD detected using CD49f corresponded precisely with that obtained using a standard panel of antibodies, and permitted the detection of leukemic populations comprising as little as 0.02% of cells. Of the four pB‐ALL cases in which CD49f was undetectable or dim at diagnosis, MRD was detected in two; in one of these, CD49f expression was substantially increased in the leukemic cells that persisted following initiation of therapy.Conclusions:CD49f is commonly overexpressed in p‐B‐ALL, and represents a potentially useful marker for the immunophenotypic detection of MRD. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry SocietyHow to cite this article: DiGiuseppe JA, Fuller SG, Borowitz MJ. Overexpression of CD49f in precursor B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: potential usefulness in minimal residual disease detection. Cytometry Part B 2008.
Is preoperative cytologic diagnosis of epithelioid sarcoma possible?
Authors: Lemos Maria Manuel , Chaves Paula , Mendonça M. Evelina 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEpithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the soft tissues with a predilection for distal extremities of young adults. A “proximal” variant was recently described.The preoperative fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) differential diagnosis with necrotizing granuloma, carcinoma, melanoma, and other neoplasms with epithelioid morphology can be difficult and few cases have been described in the literature.The authors present the preoperative FNAC findings of 10 aspirates of ES, corresponding to seven patients (four men and three women, ages 13–72 years). The cytologic features were compared with histologic features as well as with the FNA patterns of other neoplasms with epithelioid morphology that may be included in the differential diagnosis.Cytologic smears showed tumor cells with an epithelioid to spindle cell morphology, dispersed and in loose clusters in close relation with a fibrillar hyaline material. The cells showed moderate anisocariosis, a vast well‐defined, often dense cytoplasm with immunoexpression of vimentin, cytokeratin, and CD 34.When the FNA cytologic features described above are accompanied by the adequate clinical setting and are supported by immunocytochemistry, an accurate preoperative cytologic diagnosis of ES is possible. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:780–786. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic features of mixed papillary carcinoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma of the thyroid gland
Authors: Reid‐Nicholson Michelle , Moreira Andre , Ramalingam Preetha 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe report a case of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma of the thyroid gland. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such case to be reported in the cytology literature. An 81‐year‐old male with known CLL presented for routine physical examination and was found to have a left‐sided thyroid nodule. Thyroid ultrasound showed a calcified nodule. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed and revealed PTC and an atypical lymphoid infiltrate that was suspicious for lymphoma. A partial thyroidectomy was performed and confirmed PTC with concurrent gland involvement by chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:813–817. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intraoperative cytologic evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast carcinoma by scrape preparation
Authors: Feng Jining , Bernacki Edward G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIntraoperative evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in patients with breast carcinoma allows surgeons to complete axillary lymph node dissection in one procedure if any SLN shows metastasis. The accuracy of intraoperative pathological diagnosis is critical for decision‐making. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our rapid intraoperative cytologic diagnosis of SLN through comparing with the final surgical pathologic diagnosis of the corresponding lymph nodes. A total of 454 SLNs from 159 consecutive female patients with a preoperative diagnosis of breast carcinoma over 3‐year period were included in this study. After gross examination of each bisected lymph node, a scrape preparation was prepared for each submitted lymph node and was stained by the rapid Papanicolaou method. The intraoperative cytologic diagnosis was compared with the final surgical pathologic diagnoses. The overall sensitivity of intraoperative cytology was 52.5% with specificity of 100%. There were 17 false‐negative cases. Of them, six nodes had isolated tumor cells, seven nodes had micrometastasis (0.2–2 mm), and four nodes had macrometastasis (>2 mm). There were no interpretive errors identified. The size of metastasis and tumor grade appeared to be significant factors in detecting metastasis by cytology. In addition, subsequent non‐SLN involvement was 9% in patients with micrometastasis versus 50% in patients with macrometastasis (P < 0.05). Our study shows that the intraoperative cytologic evaluation of SLNs in breast carcinoma is a reasonably accurate method. The majority of false‐negative cases were due to micrometastasis and isolated tumor cells. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:790–793. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrasound‐guided biopsy of the thyroid: A comparison of technique with respect to diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Schoedel Karen E. , Tublin Mitchell E. , Pealer Karen , Ohori N. Paul 
Published: October 2008

AbstractUltrasound‐guided sampling of the thyroid represents a standard diagnostic procedure in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. The two techniques typically used are fine‐needle aspiration and fine‐needle capillary biopsy. Each has been used with success in various body sites. Recently, a comparison of these two techniques showed no significant difference with regard to specimen adequacy. In this study, the type of technique was correlated with diagnostic accuracy. For each technique, the preoperative cytology diagnosis was compared with the surgical pathology diagnosis in 46 resected thyroid nodules. No false‐positive diagnoses were identified. No significant difference in diagnostic accuracy was found on comparison of the two techniques. Therefore, either technique may be used according to the operator's preference. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:787–789. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pap smear findings in chronic renal failure patients compared with the normal population according to Bethesda 2001
Authors: Haberal Asuman Nihan , Bilezikçi Banu , Özen Özlem , Yalçınkaya Cem , Arat Zübeyde , Kuşçu Esra , Demirhan Beyhan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDialysis remains the most common treatment for end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Although the increased risk of cancer after renal transplant is well documented, there is less certainty about the risk of cancer in patients treated only with dialysis.From 1997 to 2002, 262 ESRD patients received a Pap test at Başkent University. The smears of 149 patients who had ESRD for more than 9 months were compared with the smears of 150 otherwise healthy patients. All of the Pap smears were re‐examined according to Bethesda 2001 criteria.The mean age of the patients was 42.88 years. Regarding micro‐organisms, no statistically significant difference between the groups were observed. In 36 Pap smears, a shift in flora suggestive of bacterial vaginosis was detected. There were statistically significant differences between the groups. When age was considered as a marker of atrophy, atrophy in patients younger than 50 years was statistically different between the groups. Also, we determined that the shift in flora suggestive of bacterial vaginosis and atrophy in patients aged younger than 50 years did not depend on the length of hemodialysis. Of 13 patients (4.3%) who had epithelial cell abnormalities there were not statistically significant differences between the groups.In conclusion, according to our study, CRF seems not to be a predictive factor for cervical cancer. Shift in flora suggestive of bacterial vaginosis and atrophy in patients aged younger than 50 years might be the natural effects of uremia, and they appear not to be dependent on the length of the hemodialysis period. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:776–779. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nodular fasciitis in the submandibular gland
Authors: Jang Eun Jeong , Park Tae In , Nam Sang Chul , Park Ji Young 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNodular fasciitis (NF) is a benign, proliferative lesion of myofibroblasts. The most common site of the lesion is in the upper extremities or trunk. NF in the head and neck is next in frequency and is the most common site in infants and children. In adults, NF in the submandibular region is very rare. We report a case of a 53‐year‐old man with a submandibular mass, rapidly growing for 10 days. Cytologic findings revealed a few sheets or clusters of small, uniform spindle cells. The uniform spindle cells had centrally located round to ovoid nucleus, but there were no nuclear atypia and atypical mitosis. There were focally loose stroma but we could not find chondroid or myxoid components. A partial parotidectomy was performed. We describe a case of NF in the submandibular region, adjacent to the parotid gland and review the clinical, cytologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of NF. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:805–808. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy: A historical overview
Authors: Rosa Marilin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFine needle aspiration biopsy is a safe, inexpensive and accurate technique for the diagnosis of benign and malignant conditions. Its increase in popularity in the present days has made it a technique used on daily basis in the majority of medical centers in United States and around the world. However, the situation was not always like this. In its beginnings the procedure suffered from all kinds of criticism and attacks. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide an overview about the development of this technique from its birth to our days. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:773–775. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metastatic malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix: First diagnosed on liquid‐based cytology
Authors: Üzüm Nüket , Köse Faruk , Ataoğlu Ömür 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMalignant melanomas of the female genital tract are uncommon lesions. The first case of vulvar melanomas with a subsequent malignant melanoma of the cervix diagnosed based on liquid‐based cytology without evidence of gross pathology is described. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:769–772. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feasibility of immunocytochemical detection of tumor markers (XIAP, phosphohistone H1 and p63) in FNA cellblock samples from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu M. , Kafanas A. , Gan L. , Kohtz D. S. , Zhang L. , Genden E. , Burstein D. E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOne of the major handicaps in contemporary clinical oncology is the inability to predict the responsiveness of any individual's malignancy to specific therapies. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of immunocytochemically detecting markers that may be affected by therapy or are predictive of therapeutic responsiveness, including phosphohistone H1 (anti‐p‐H1 MoAb 12D11) and X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) in small samples obtained via fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy procedure, thus improving therapeutic monitoring. p63, a squamous stem cell regulatory protein, was also examined. These three markers were studied in FNA cell block samples of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Twenty‐eight alcohol‐fixed formalin‐postfixed paraffin‐embedded cell‐block samples from FNAs of patients with HNSCC were subjected to antigen retrieval and then incubated with anti‐XIAP, anti‐p‐H1, and anti‐p63, and developed using EnVision‐Plus reagents and diaminobenzidine as chromagen; Granular or heterogeneous cytoplasmic staining for XIAP and nuclear staining for p63 and p‐H1 were considered positive. Among the 28 cases studied, the overall positive rates for XIAP, p‐H1, and p63 were 60.7%, 96.4%, and 92.8%, respectively. The staining intensity for XIAP: + 70.6%, ++ 23.5%, +++ 0%, and ++++ 5.9%; for p‐H1: + 48.1%, ++ 11.1%, +++37.0%, and ++++ 3.7%; and for p63: + 11.5%, ++ 23.1%, +++ 53.9%, and ++++ 11.5%. The expression of p‐H1 and p63 appeared to be higher and stronger than that of XIAP in HNSCC. This study demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring expression of three tumor markers using FNA samples. p‐H1 and XIAP may be useful for monitoring actions of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors, XIAP‐lowering, and/or apoptosis‐inducing drugs, respectively. Future studies will focus on the impact of therapies upon these staining profiles. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:797–800. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crush preparations of meningiomas: Can grading be accomplished?
Authors: Ali Sarfraz , Nassar Aziza , Siddiqui Momin T. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCrush preparations (CP) for the diagnosis of meningioma are routinely performed in the frozen section suite when tissue is submitted for intraoperative consultation. The goal of this study was to examine the cytologic features of meningiomas in CP and evaluate if benign meningioma (Grade 1), atypical meningioma (Grade 2), and malignant meningioma (Grade 3) can be diagnosed on CP. All cases of meningioma (1999–2007), which were submitted for frozen section at our institution, were retrospectively reviewed. These cases were examined intraoperatively by frozen section and CP. The final histologic diagnosis was taken as the gold standard. A total of 107 meningiomas cases were reviewed. The cytological features of all these cases were studied, and features such as pleomorphism, hemorrhage, necrosis, mitosis, and presence or absence of nucleoli were recorded. Using the final histopathologic diagnosis as the gold standard, there were 72 (Grade 1), 22 (Grade 2), and 13 (Grade 3) meningioma cases, which were studied. In conclusion, this study reviews the salient cytologic features of Grades 1–3 meningiomas. It demonstrates that it is difficult to separate Grade 1 from Grade‐2 meningioma on CP, and last, Grade‐3 meningioma can be easily diagnosed on CP. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:827–831. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.