bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of surgical outcomes for small hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B versus hepatitis C: A Chinese experience
Authors: Li Qiang , Li Huikai , Qin Yu , Wang P Peter , Hao Xishan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackground:  Although both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are well recognized risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), little is known with respect to how HBV and HCV infection affect HCC recurrence in postoperative HCC Chinese patients. The objective of this study was to determine if differences exist in preoperative characteristics and postoperative HCC recurrence in patients with different HBV and HCV infection status.Methods:  The study population consisted of 413 patients undergoing a curative resection at Tianjin Cancer Hospital for small HCC (≤3 cm) from January 1997 to December 2003. The patients were divided into four groups: HCV only (n = 75), HBV only (n = 251), HBV and HCV (n = 33), and neither HBV nor HCV (NBNC, n = 54). The preoperative status and postoperative HCC recurrence were recorded. Survival analyses were used to assess the impact of HBV/HCV status on HCC recurrence.Results:  Patients with HCV had a significant association with older age, lower mean preoperative platelet counts and albumin levels, higher mean prothrombin time, alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels and multinodular tumors during diagnosis. Patients with HCV also had significantly less differentiated tumors and a higher incidence of vascular invasion and cirrhosis when compared to the other groups. During the follow‐up, the HCV group showed a higher incidence of intrahepatic recurrence and multiple recurrent lesions than the other patients.Conclusions:  Patients with HCV infection tended to be older, and were characterized by more severe cirrhosis and higher incidence of tumor multicentricity. The statistically significant determinants for reoccurrence in patients with small HCC were HCV infection, presence of vascular invasion and multiple tumors.
Initial site of bile regurgitation following extrahepatic biliary obstruction in living rats
Authors: Watanabe Norihito , Kojima Sei‐ichiro , Takashimizu Shinji , Nishizaki Yasuhiro , Kagawa Tatehiro , Phillips M James 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The precise mechanism of bile regurgitation from the biliary system to the blood stream still remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine the initial site of bile regurgitation in vivo after common bile duct (CBD) obstruction by digitally enhanced fluorescence microscopy.Methods:  The fluorescence excreted into bile canaliculi after the administration of sodium fluorescein was continuously observed in CBD obstruction, using video‐enhanced contrast (VEC) microscopy equipped with a silicon intensified target (SIT) camera. The liver histology and the localization of Mg2+‐ATPase were examined by light and electron microscopy.Results:  By the continuous recording of canalicular fluorescence, the sequential regurgitation of the fluorescence from the canaliculi to the hepatocyte cytoplasm to the sinusoids was distinctively recognized after CBD obstruction. Bile canalicular fluorescence was enhanced, and then the fluorescence of the hepatocyte cytoplasm increased in intensity, followed by regurgitation of the fluorescence to the sinusoids. These in vivo sequences closely correlated with changes in CBD pressure. In zone 1, canalicular fluorescence focally burst into hepatocyte cytoplasm, thus resulting in the formation of fluorescent cells. By light and electron microscopy, the fluorescent cells were found to correspond to the liver cell injury. The reaction products of Mg2+‐ATPase were incorporated into vesicles with a decreased canalicular activity, and then were transported to the sinusoidal surface after CBD obstruction.Conclusions:  The initial site of bile regurgitation may be transcellular, and partly involves liver cell injury in zone 1 in extrahepatic biliary obstruction, associated with increased pressure of the biliary system.
Investigation of rolling contact fatigue cracks in a grade 900A rail steel of a metro track
Authors: HAIDEMENOPOULOS G. N. , ZERVAKI A. D. , TEREZAKIS P. , TZANIS J. , GIANNAKOPOULOS A. E. , KOTOUZAS M. K. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTRolling contact fatigue (RCF) has been of increasing concern in the recent years in respect of the safe operation of high‐speed railway track with high traffic intensity. The present paper summarizes the results of the first investigation of RCF damage encountered in the Athens Metro. The objective of the investigation was to determine the initiation and propagation of RCF cracks and to determine their geometrical characteristics.A thorough metallographic investigation of track regarding shelling and spalling defects showed the development of a subsurface network of cracks. An analysis of the Hertzian stress field was used to determine the conditions for first yield and shakedown limits as a function of loading.
ON THE PARTICIPATION IN MEDIUM‐ AND LONG‐DISTANCE TRAVEL: A DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS FOR THE UK AND THE NETHERLANDS
Authors: LIMTANAKOOL NARISRA , DIJST MARTIN , SCHWANEN TIM 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTSocial and economic benefits have accrued from medium‐ and long‐distance travel, but at the expense of the environment. Since the travel behaviour literature tends to concentrate on short‐distance trips or trips within daily urban systems, a better understanding of the factors shaping medium‐ and long‐distance travel is needed. Using the 1998 National Travel Surveys for the UK and the Netherlands, the study reported here characterises medium‐ and long‐distance travellers in terms of socio‐economic attributes, time availability, day of travel, and land‐use related factors. The results suggest that, in both countries, males and individuals with a higher socio‐economic status are more likely to engage in medium‐ and long‐distance travel. The analysis further shows that the overall structure of the urban system in combination with the size of the country and the local population density affect the participation in medium‐ and long‐distance travel. Such factors should be considered explicitly in future studies of medium‐ and long‐distance travel.
Prognosis for the co‐twin following single‐twin death: a systematic review
Authors: Ong SSC , Zamora J , Khan KS , Kilby MD 
Published: August 2006

Background  Following single‐twin death, the perinatal mortality and morbidity for the surviving co‐twin is increased but difficult to quantify. We present data on prognosis from a systematic review.Objectives  We aimed to determine the incidence of a) co‐twin death, b) neurological abnormality and c) preterm delivery for the surviving co‐twin following single‐twin death after 14 weeks of gestation.Search strategy  Literature was identified by searching two bibliographical databases and specialist journals between 1990 and 2005.Selection criteria  The selected studies of ≥5 cases reported on perinatal death and/or neurodevelopmental delay of the surviving co‐twin.Data collection and analysis  Studies were assessed for quality and data extracted to allow computation of rates. The data were inspected for heterogeneity using a Forrest plot and examined statistically using the chi‐square test. Data from individual studies were pooled within subgroups defined by prognosis.Main results  The search strategy yielded 632 potentially relevant citations. Full manuscripts were retrieved for 54 citations and 28 studies were finally included in the review. Following the death of one twin, the risk of monochorionic and dichorionic co‐twin demise was 12% (95% CI 7–11) and 4% (95% CI 2–7), respectively. The risk of neurological abnormality in the surviving monochorionic and dichorionic co‐twin was 18% (95% CI 11–26) and 1% (95% CI 0–7), respectively. The risk of preterm delivery was 68% (95% CI 56–78) and 57% (95% CI 34–77), respectively. Where there was comparative data within studies, the odds of monochorionic co‐twin intrauterine death was six times that of dichorionic twins (OR 6.04 [95% CI 1.84–19.87]). Neurological abnormality was also higher in monochorionic compared with dichorionic pregnancies (OR 4.07 [95% CI 1.32–12.51]).Author’s conclusions  More prospective research is required to inform decision making on this subject, especially with data that allow stratification based upon chorionicity.
Development of microsatellite markers for the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum
Authors: YASUDA N. , NAGAI S. , YAMAGUCHI S. , LIAN C. L. , HAMAGUCHI M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe isolated nine polymorphic microsatellites from the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. These loci provide one class of highly variable genetic marker as the number of alleles ranged from six to 22, and the observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.136 to 0.909 and from 0.553 to 0.954, respectively. We consider that these loci are potentially useful for detailing the genetic structure and gene flow among R. philippinarum populations.
IFNγ expression inhibits LHBs storage disease and ground glass hepatocyte appearance, but exacerbates inflammation and apoptosis in HBV surface protein‐accumulating transgenic livers
Authors: Reifenberg Kurt , Hildt Eberhard , Lecher Bernd , Wiese Elena , Nusser Petra , Ott Sibylle , Yamamura Ken‐Ichi , Rutter Gabriel , Löhler Jürgen 
Published: August 2006

Abstract: Background/Aims: Interferon γ (IFNγ) controls hepatitis B virus replication. As systemic application may cause severe adverse effects, approaches of liver‐directed IFNγ gene therapy may represent an attractive alternative for treatment of chronic viral hepatitis B and thus needs testing in vivo in suitable animal models.Methods: We therefore crossbred Alb‐1HBV transgenic mice overexpressing the large HBV surface protein (LHBs) in their livers and developing LHBs storage disease and ground glass hepatocyte appearance with SAP‐IFNγ transgenic animals previously shown to exhibit constitutive hepatic IFNγ expression, and analyzed the resulting double‐transgenic offspring.Results: We found that IFNγ coexpression significantly reduced hepatic LHBs expression and thereby inhibited hepatocellular LHBs storage disease and ground glass hepatocyte appearance. The beneficial antiviral IFNγ effects as observed in Alb1‐HBV SAP‐IFNγ double‐transgenic livers were associated with significantly elevated serum ALT concentrations, massive mononuclear cell infiltrates, appearance of Councilman bodies, and increased α‐PARP (poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase cleavage).Conclusions: Exacerbation of hepatic necroinflammation and increased hepatocellular apoptosis rate in IFNγ‐expressing Alb1‐HBV transgenic livers suggest that special precautions be taken for testing approaches of liver‐specific IFNγ expression in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Growth inhibitory effects of pegylated IFN α‐2b on human liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yano Hirohisa , Ogasawara Sachiko , Momosaki Seiya , Akiba Jun , Kojiro Sakiko , Fukahori Suguru , Ishizaki Hironori , Kuratomi Keitaro , Basaki Yuji , Oie Shinji , Kuwano Michihiko , Kojiro Masamichi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract: Purpose: We investigated the effects of pegylated IFN‐α2b (PEG‐IFN‐α2b) on the growth of human liver cancer cells.Methods: The effect of PEG‐IFN‐α2b on the proliferation of 13 liver cancer cell lines was investigated in vitro. Chronological changes in growth and IFN‐α receptor‐2 (IFNAR‐2) expression were monitored in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells (HAK‐1B) cultured with PEG‐IFN‐α2b. After HAK‐1B cells were transplanted into nude mice, various doses of PEG‐IFN‐α2b or IFN‐α2b were administered, and tumor volume, weight, histology, and IFNAR‐2 expression were examined.Results: PEG‐IFN‐α2b inhibited the growth of nine cell lines with apoptosis in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Continuous contact with PEG‐IFN‐α2b induced time‐dependent growth inhibition and down‐regulation of IFNAR‐2 expression. PEG‐IFN‐α2b induced a dose‐dependent decrease in tumor volume and weight, a significant increase of apoptotic cells, and a decrease in IFNAR‐2 expression in the tumor. The clinical dose for chronic hepatitis C was also effective. The antitumor effect of PEG‐IFN‐α2b was significantly stronger than that of non‐PEG‐IFN‐α2b in vivo.Conclusions: Continuous contact with PEG‐IFN‐α2b induces strong antitumor effects and the down‐regulation of IFNAR‐2 in HCC cells. The data suggest potential clinical application of PEG‐IFN‐α2b for the prevention and treatment of HCC.
Endotoxin tolerance in human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells is induced by upregulation of IRAK‐M
Authors: Harada Kenichi , Isse Kumiko , Sato Yasunori , Ozaki Satoru , Nakanuma Yasuni 
Published: August 2006

Abstract: Background/Aim: Biliary epithelial cells possess an innate immune system consisting of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs). Although the human bile contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in normal as well as diseased livers, LPS physiologically does not elicit an inflammatory response in the biliary tree. This absence of a response to LPS could be due to the ‘endotoxin tolerance’ speculated to maintain innate immune homeostasis in organs. Our aim here is to clarify the presence and molecular mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance of biliary epithelium.Methods and Results: In nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB)‐DNA binding assays using three‐cultured human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell (HIBEC) lines, all the cells responded to LPS (TLR4 ligand) by activating NF‐κB, but pretreatment with LPS for 24 h effectively induced tolerance against any subsequent stimulation with LPS (endotoxin tolerance). This tolerance was also induced by pretreatment with Pam3Cys‐Ser‐(Lys)4 trihydrochloride (Pam3CKS4, TLR1/2 ligand). Then, real‐time polymerase chain treaction and Western blotting revealed that LPS treatment upregulated the expression of IRAK‐M (a negative regulator of TLR signaling), but did not affect interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase‐1 (IRAK‐1, an essential molecule of TLR signaling), in HIBECs. Moreover, immunohistochemistry revealed that IRAK‐M was diffusely expressed in intrahepatic bile ducts.Conclusions: This study showed that the mechanism of endotoxin tolerance exists in the intrahepatic biliary tree and is possibly induced by the expression of IRAK‐M in the intrahepatic biliary epithelium, suggesting that the endotoxin tolerance is important in maintaining innate immune biliary homeostasis.
1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3 induces elevated expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p18 in a squamous cell carcinoma cell line of the head and neck
Authors: Gedlicka Claudia , Hager Gudrun , Weissenböck Martina , Gedlicka Wilhelm , Knerer Birgit , Kornfehl Johannes , Formanek Michael 
Published: August 2006

Background:  1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3] induces growth inhibition in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines of the head and neck by arresting the cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, probably due to an enhanced expression of p21, which could be demonstrated in other cell lines (JPPA, SCC9) before. In SCC25, a SCC cell line isolated from tongue, growth inhibition but no overexpression of p21 was detected. The retinoblastoma gene, as a direct target of G1 cyclin–CDK complexes, showed an obvious shift from the hyperphosphorylated to the hypophosphorylated form under 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3, which indicates that the growth inhibition takes place in the G0/G1 phase. To explore the possible pathway of growth inhibition in SCC25 we investigated other cell cycle inhibitors (p18, p19, p27).Methods:  Synchronized cells were treated with 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3 over 96 h. The cell cycle status and expression of cell cycle‐regulating proteins was determined by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) and Western blotting.Results:  An overexpression of p18 in 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3 vs. ethanol‐treated cells was determined until 30 h in SCC25. No influence was detectable on the expression of p27 and p19.Conclusion:  One mechanism by which 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3 controls cell growth might be the upregulation of p21. As p21 was unsusceptible to 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3 in SCC25, other inhibiting proteins were necessary to be tested. The proven upregulation of p18 seems to be the responsible step for growth inhibition of 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3 in SCC25.
Quantitative evaluation of tissue invasion by wild type, hyphal and SAP mutants of Candida albicans, and non‐albicans Candida species in reconstituted human oral epithelium
Authors: Jayatilake J. A. M. S. , Samaranayake Y. H. , Cheung L. K. , Samaranayake L. P. 
Published: August 2006

Background:  Oral candidiasis is a common problem in compromised patients. Although several non‐albicans Candida species have emerged as pathogens the majority of candidal infections are caused by Candida albicans. Morphogenesis from the blastospore to filamentous phase, and production of secretory aspartyl proteinases (SAP) are two major virulence attributes of these opportunistic yeast. Histopathology of oral candidiasis is characterized by fungal invasion of the superficial epithelium although the invasive potentials of different Candida species vary. Computerized image analysis systems (IAS) utilizing immunohistochemistry have been successfully employed for quantification of such histopathological features. The purpose of this study was to evaluate quantitatively the in vitro invasive potential of C. albicans and its hyphal and SAP mutants, and five other non‐albicans Candida species using a computerized IAS.Methods:  In vitro human oral candidiasis was produced using five wild type and one reference C. albicans isolates, hyphal and SAP mutants of C. albicans SC 5314, and one wild type and one reference isolate each of C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. krusei in a reconstituted human oral epithelium (RHOE) model. The infected tissues were examined histologically at 12, 24 and 48 h. Invading fungal elements were visualized by periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) staining and quantitatively evaluated as a percentage of total tissue invasive area, using a computerized IAS.Results:  All C. albicans isolates including hyphal mutant cph1/cph1 and SAP mutants; sap 1–3, sap 4–6 produced hyphae and differentially (P < 0.05) invaded the tissue over 48 h. The invasive potential of hyphal mutant cph1/cph1 and SAP mutants (sap 1–3, sap 4–6) were similar to the parent wild‐type isolate at 12 h although after 24 h their invasion was dissimilar (P < 0.05). Non‐albicans Candida species and hyphal mutants; efg1/efg1, efg1/efg1 cph1/cph1 were all non‐invasive.Conclusions:  RHOE model in combination with computerized image analysis permits for the first time, the assessment of invasive potential of Candida species in a quantitative manner. The differential tissue invasive patterns of various C. albicans isolates, their mutants and other Candida species are also described.
Bone Graft and Implants in a Patient with Systemic Mastocytosis
Authors: Thor Andreas , Stenport Victoria F. , Larsson Åke , Boström Åsa 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Systemic mastocytosis (mast‐cell proliferation in various organs, including the skeleton) is a rare disease. Reports on mastocytosis that affects facial bones are few. The bone lesions may be osteolytic or sclerotic.Purpose:To describe (for the first time) bone grafting followed by dental implant treatment yielding a good result in a patient with systemic mastocytosis.Materials and Methods:A bone graft was performed on a 60‐year‐old woman with systemic mastocytosis. Dental implant treatment was performed 13 weeks after sclerotic bone of the iliac crest was grafted to the maxillary sinus bilaterally. A microimplant was installed simultaneously with the dental implants and was removed 6 months later for histo‐morphometric evaluation. Bone biopsy specimens from the donor site of the sclerotic iliac crest and later from the remodeled maxillary bone graft were histologically analyzed. A clinical examination of the patient with regard to her mastocytosis was performed by a dermatologist. The patient was followed up after 3 years.Results:Bone grafting and dental implant treatment were successful, and the patient's clinical and radiologic situation was stable after 3 years. Histologic examination of the bone grafted from the iliac crest showed sclerotic lesions in the bone and a dense infiltration of mast cells. The bone graft seemed to remodel initially in a normal way in the maxillary sinus. However, computed tomography 3 years later showed regions of sclerosis in the remodeled maxillary bone. These lesions now had a pattern similar to the adjacent facial bone. Both the microimplant and the dental implants integrated well. Bone‐implant contact measured on the microimplants was 20% higher in this actual case, compared to that of patients previously treated and grafted with the same technique.Conclusions:There are many clinical implications to be considered when treating this group of patients. Bone grafting, remodeling of the bone, and dental implant installation were successful in this patient with systemic mastocytosis and signs of osteosclerosis. Installation of microimplants in patients with pathologic bone conditions may allow successful dental implant treatment.
Bone Tissue Responses to Surface‐Modified Zirconia Implants: A Histomorphometric and Removal Torque Study in the Rabbit
Authors: Sennerby Lars , Dasmah Amir , Larsson Birgitta , Iverhed Mattias 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Zirconia ceramics are biocompatible and have mechanical properties that make them suitable as materials for dental implants. Little is known about how surface modification influences the stability and bone tissue response to zirconia implants.Purpose:The objective of the investigation was to histologically and biomechanically evaluate the bone tissue response to zirconia implants with two different surface modifications in comparison with machined, nonmodified zirconia implants and oxidized titanium implants.Materials and Methods:Threaded zirconia implants with a diameter of 3.75 mm with either a machined surface (Zr‐Ctr) or one of two surface modifications (Zr‐A and Zr‐B) were manufactured. Oxidized titanium (Ti‐Ox) implants 3.75 mm in diameter were also used. The implants were characterized with regard to surface topography using an interferometer. Twelve rabbits received 96 implants using a rotational scheme, two in each tibia and two in each femur. The implants in six rabbits were subjected to removal torque (RTQ) tests after a healing period of 6 weeks. The implants in the remaining six animals were removed en bloc for light microscopic analysis. Back‐scatter scanning electron microscopic (BS‐SEM) analyses were used to evaluate the state of the bone‐implant interface at the modified zirconia implants after RTQ testing.Results:The Ti‐Ox and Zr‐A implants showed the highest surface roughness, followed by the Zr‐B implants and, finally, the Zr‐Ctr implants. The nonmodified ZrO2 implants showed statistically significant lower RTQs than all other implants. No significant differences in bone‐implant contact or bone area filling the threads were observed. BS‐SEM showed intact surface layers of the surface‐modified implants after RTQ testing and revealed fracture of the interface bone rather than a separation.Conclusion:The present study showed a strong bone tissue response to surface‐modified zirconia implants after 6 weeks of healing in rabbit bone. The modified zirconia implants showed a resistance to torque forces similar to that of oxidized implants and a four‐ to fivefold increase compared with machined zirconia implants. The findings suggest that surface‐modified zirconia implants can reach firm stability in bone.