bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterosis in Compositional, Physical, and Wet‐Milling Properties of Adapted × Exotic Corn Crosses
Authors: Singh S. K. , Johnson L. A. , Pollak L. M. , Hurburgh C. R. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTCompositional, physical, and wet‐milling properties of 10 corn accessions selected from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project, two Corn Belt Dent inbreds (B73 and Mo17), and their crosses were compared to determine heterosis among these traits and to gain insight about their genetic control. Crossing the GEM accessions with each inbred increased protein and reduced starch contents. Mean absolute densities and test weights of the crosses were greater than for either parent. Little heterosis was observed in 1,000‐kernel weight, and the crosses had similar values to the GEM parents (relatively low). Grain protein contents were greater for the crosses than for the GEM accessions; starch and oil contents of the crosses were intermediate to both parents. The wet‐milling properties of the crosses were improved over those of the GEM accessions. Crossing the GEM accessions with B73 greatly increased residual protein content in the recovered starch, whereas values for protein in starch for the GEM × Mo17 crosses were greater than for the GEM accessions and not unlike that of Mo17. High‐parent heterosis was greater in the GEM × Mo17 crosses for absolute density, test weight, 1,000‐kernel weight, and starch content, but lower for protein and fat contents. GEM × Mo17 crosses yielded greater high‐parent heterosis for starch yield and starch recovery, and lower high‐parent heterosis for gluten and fiber yields. Mo17 expressed poor wet‐milling properties as an inbred but produced superior hybrids compared with B73, which had better wetmilling properties as an inbred.
Activity and Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase in Extracts of Bran and Other Milling Fractions from a Variety of Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Okot‐Kotber Mosses , Liavoga Allan , Yong Kwon‐Joong , Bagorogoza Katherine 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTStudies were conducted to compare polyphenol oxidase (PPO) specific activities in various milling fractions of a variety of wheat cultivars and determine the levels of activities in a number of cultivars from different localities and harvesting seasons. Substrate specificities were also investigated. Bran was singled out as the richest source of PPO activity, which may also influence the activity in the other milling fractions that are known to have some proportion of bran content. We showed by gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometrically that the protein responsible for PPO activity apparently exists as a single isoform in bran and that the observed enzyme activity is likely to be a tyrosinase type, not a laccase or peroxidase. The specific activity was not significantly different between the reduction shorts and break shorts from the same cultivar, indicating a similar level of bran contamination in these fractions. Very low levels of PPO activity were recorded in the flour of all cultivars studied. Bran was used, therefore, to determine the varietal differences in the PPO activities in a number of cultivars from different localities and seasons of harvest. Results showed that the most significant determinant of PPO activity was the genotype, and this may be influenced by seasonality. We also determined that, apart from substrate preferences by the PPO enzyme, some phenolic acids actually inhibit PPO. Furthermore, we found that bran of some cultivars extracted with acidified methanol inhibited PPO activity substantially, whereas other extracts had less inhibitory properties. Thus, these unknown compounds in wheat may inhibit endogenous PPO activity.
Thermomechanical Transitions of Rice Kernels
Authors: Sun Zhenhua , Yang Wade , Siebenmorgen Terry , Stelwagen Annemieke , Cnossen Auke 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThermomechanical analysis (TMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to investigate the thermal transitions of long‐grain rice kernels. Three distinct thermomechanical transitions were identified as rice kernels were heated from 0 to 200°C. The identified transitions were a low temperature transition with onset at ≈45°C, an intermediate temperature transition at ≈80°C, and a high temperature transition at ≈180°C. Low temperature transition with onset from ≈60°C at 5% moisture content (MC) to 30°C at 20% MC was identified as the glass transition of the rice kernels. Intermediate temperature transition from 60 to 100°C, depending on MC, may be caused by rapid evaporation of moisture in the rice kernels. High temperature transition was associated with melting of the crystalline structure of rice starch. The temperatures of all three transitions decreased as MC increased, confirming that moisture acted as a plasticizer in rice kernels.
Technique to Measure Surface‐Fouling Tendencies of Steepwater from Corn Wet Milling
Authors: Agbisit R. M. , Singh V. , Valenti J. J. , Kakleas M. , Tumbleson M. E. , Rausch K. D. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTSurface‐fouling tendencies of raw light steepwater (LSW) and membrane‐filtered light steepwater (FSW) from corn wet‐milling were studied using an annular fouling probe. The probe contained a heated surface to simulate the surface temperature of an evaporator. The heated region caused a fraction of solids in the steepwater to adhere to the surface, thus fouling the probe over time. FSW samples were prepared by filtering LSW using a microfiltration membrane with a nominal pore size of 0.1 μm. Fouling tendencies of both samples were established at an initial probe wall temperature of 99°C. Batches (30 L) were circulated through the fouling probe until the inner surface temperature of the probe reached 200°C. Temperature and power supplied to the probe were measured over time and used to calculate fouling resistance and rate of fouling. Measurement of maximum fouling resistance and fouling rate had a coefficient of variation (COV) of 5.1 and 7.4%, respectively. Maximum fouling resistances attained over a 12‐hr period were 0.36 and 0.049 m2 °C/kW for LSW and FSW, respectively. Average rates of fouling were 4.53 × 10‐4 and 0.82 × 10‐4 m2 °C/kW/min for LSW and FSW, respectively, showing an 80% decrease in fouling rate using microfiltration to remove 19% of solids.
Identification of Disulfide Proteins in the Salt Soluble Fraction of Rice (Oryza sativa) Seed
Authors: Yano Hiroyuki , Kuroda Shigeru 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTEvidence has been accumulating to suggest that disulfide bonding is one of the key causes of allergenicity. Recently we developed the “disulfide proteome”, a technique for the comprehensive analysis of disulfide bonding of proteins. We applied this new technique to the rice seed's salt‐soluble fraction, which has long been known to be allergenic. Most proteins in the fraction, including α‐amylase/trypsin inhibsitor, α‐ globulin, and glutelin fragments, have formed intramolecular disulfide bonds. Also, unknown proteins, including one sharing similarities with known allergens, had disulfide bonds, from which we can infer possible allergenicity. This is a preliminary study to screen allergens from the basis of disulfide bonding.
Effects of Mutant Thermostable α‐Amylases on Rheological Properties of Wheat Dough and Bread
Authors: Maeda Tomoko , Hashimoto Tetsu , Minoda Masashi , Tamagawa Shin‐ichiro , Morita Naofumi 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThermostable mutant α‐amylases (21B, M111, and M77) with various degrees of thermostability were purified from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens F and used as improvers for breadmaking. Test baking with the mutant enzymes was conducted using the long fermentation sponge‐dough method. Addition of an appropriate amount of mutant α‐amylases to the ingredients distinctly increased the specific volume of the bread and improved the softness of breadcrumb as compared with the addition of Novamyl (NM), an exo‐type α‐amylase. M77 was the most effective in retarding the staleness of breadcrumb. The softness of breadcrumb during storage, however, was not correlated with the thermostability. All mutant α‐amylases weakened the mixing property of the dough, whereas they strengthened the property of fermented dough. Especially, M77 and NM had different effects on the dough properties, but their bread qualities were similar to each other. The strong tolerance of M77 dough to the long baking process might be due to the production of hydrolyzed starches, oligosaccharides in the range of maltopentaose to maltohexaose, as compared with NM. Therefore, in the light of present findings, these mutant α‐amylases are possible substitutes for NM as bread improvers.
Wheat Sourdough Fermentation: Effects of Time and Acidification on Fundamental Rheological Properties
Authors: Clarke Charmaine I. , Schober Tilman J. , Dockery Peter , O'Sullivan Kathleen , Arendt Elke K. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe fundamental rheological characteristics of a biologically acidified, a chemically acidified, and a neutral preferment (sourdough) were monitored over the course of a 24‐hr fermentation period using a split‐plot design. Three doughs were subsequently prepared in which 20% of the flour was in the form of the respective preferment. A control dough containing no fermented material was also prepared. The fundamental rheological properties of both the dough and its isolated wet gluten were determined. Laser‐scanning confocal microscopy was used to capture images of selected preferments and doughs. Results from the preferment showed that there was a decrease in elasticity (phase angle data from oscillatory measurements and relative recovery values from creep tests) and viscosity with fermentation time for all three preferments, all of which reached similar end values for these parameters. The microscopy images illustrated that the gluten strands were dissolved to a more amorphous structure during the fermentation period. Changes in the nature of the preferments were reflected in the rheological characteristics of the respective doughs and their wet glutens, which were significantly less elastic (phase angle and relative recovery data) and softer (maximum creep compliance) than the control treatment. It is concluded that degrading processes over time are key to the sourdough process.
Arabidopsis JAGGED LATERAL ORGANSIs Expressed in Boundaries and CoordinatesKNOXandPINActivity
Authors: Borghi Lorenzo , Bureau Marina , Simon Rüdiger 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPlant lateral organs are initiated as small protrusions on the flanks of shoot apical meristems. Organ primordia are separated from the remainder of the meristem by distinct cell types that create a morphological boundary. The Arabidopsis thaliana gain-of-function mutant jagged lateral organs-D (jlo-D) develops strongly lobed leaves, indicative of KNOX gene misexpression, and the shoot apical meristem arrests organ initiation prematurely, terminating in a pin-like structure. The JLO gene, a member of the LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARY DOMAIN gene family, is expressed in boundaries between meristems and organ primordia and during embryogenesis. Inducible JLO misexpression activates expression of the KNOX genes SHOOT MERISTEMLESS and KNAT1 in leaves and downregulates the expression of PIN auxin export facilitators. Consequently, bulk auxin transport through the inflorescence stem is drastically reduced. During embryogenesis, JLO is required for the initiation of cotyledons and development beyond the globular stage. Converting JLO into a transcriptional repressor causes organ fusions, showing that during postembryonic development, JLO function is required to maintain the integrity of boundaries between cell groups with indeterminate or determinate fates.
Separating the Roles of Acropetal and Basipetal Auxin Transport on Gravitropism with Mutations in Two Arabidopsis Multidrug Resistance-Like ABC Transporter Genes
Authors: Lewis Daniel R. , Miller Nathan D. , Splitt Bessie L. , Wu Guosheng , Spalding Edgar P. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Two Arabidopsis thaliana ABC transporter genes linked to auxin transport by various previous results were studied in a reverse-genetic fashion. Mutations in Multidrug Resistance-Like1 (MDR1) reduced acropetal auxin transport in roots by 80% without affecting basipetal transport. Conversely, mutations in MDR4 blocked 50% of basipetal transport without affecting acropetal transport. Developmental and auxin distribution phenotypes associated with these altered auxin flows were studied with a high-resolution morphometric system and confocal microscopy, respectively. Vertically grown mdr1 roots produced positive and negative curvatures threefold greater than the wild type, possibly due to abnormal auxin distribution observed in the elongation zone. However, upon 90° reorientation, mdr1 gravitropism was inseparable from the wild type. Thus, acropetal auxin transport maintains straight growth but contributes surprisingly little to gravitropism. Conversely, vertically maintained mdr4 roots grew as straight as the wild type, but their gravitropism was enhanced. Upon reorientation, curvature in this mutant developed faster, was distributed more basally, and produced a greater total angle than the wild type. An amplified auxin asymmetry may explain the mdr4 hypertropism. Double mutant analysis indicated that the two auxin transport streams are more independent than interdependent. The hypothesis that flavanols regulate MDR-dependent auxin transport was supported by the epistatic relationship of mdr4 to the tt4 phenylpropanoid pathway mutation.
Preliminary radiation hybrid map for river buffalo chromosome 6 and comparison to bovine chromosome 3
Authors: Stafuzza N. B. , Ianella P. , Miziara M. N. , Agarwala R. , Schäffer A. A. , Riggs P. K. , Womack J. E. , Amaral M. E. J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryWe present the first radiation hybrid (RH) map of river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) chromosome 6 (BBU6) developed with a recently constructed river buffalo whole‐genome RH panel (BBURH5000). The preliminary map contains 33 cattle‐derived markers, including 12 microsatellites, 19 coding genes and two ESTs, distributed across two linkage groups. Retention frequencies for markers ranged from 14.4% to 40.0%. Most of the marker orders within the linkage groups on BBU6 were consistent with the cattle genome sequence and RH maps. This preliminary RH map is the starting point for comparing gene order between river buffalo and cattle, presenting an opportunity for the examination of micro‐rearrangements of these chromosomes. Also, resources for positional candidate cloning in river buffalo are enhanced.
The complex cytological features of synovial sarcoma in fine needle aspirates, an analysis of four illustrative cases
Authors: Åkerman M. , Domanski H. A. 
Published: June 2007

Objective:  The cytological features of conventional monophasic spindle cell and biphasic synovial sarcoma have been defined in detail in several large series. The cytology of rare morphological variants, especially the subtypes of poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma, are insufficiently evaluated and diagnostically difficult to define. The objective of the present study was to call attention to the variable cytology of rare variants of synovial sarcoma. Furthermore, adjunctive diagnostic methods, necessary for a correct diagnosis, are discussed.Methods:  Aspirates from four synovial sarcomas, with cytological features, which differed from those of conventional synovial sarcoma and from each other, were retrieved from our files and re‐evaluated.Results:  In three of the cases a correct diagnosis was not obtained from routinely stained aspirates. In the fourth case, the correct diagnosis was established by a combination of cytomorphology, immunocytochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) performed on the aspirated material.Conclusion:  Ancillary diagnostic methods are necessary in the examination of aspiration smears from synovial sarcoma, especially of morphological variants with a cytomorphology that differs from conventional spindle‐cell monophasic and biphasic tumours. Immunocytochemistry and molecular genetic examinations (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction or FISH) are the methods of choice.
Age changes in the two‐point discrimination threshold in skin innervated by the trigeminal nerve
Authors: BRILL NIELS , TRYDE GERD , MORGAN GILLIAN , REES DAVID A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryFifty young and fifty elderly subjects were tested by a two‐point discrimination method. An aesthesiometer was applied to the facial skin in three different areas innervated exclusively by the ophthalmic, maxillary or mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve. Two characteristic age differences were disclosed: (1) higher threshold values were found in older subjects, and (2) a greater range of variation in these values was present also among the older subjects. Wales.
Influence of muscle activity on remodelling of bones in the rat
Authors: HENRIKSON PER‐ÅKE , KAHNBERG KARL‐ERIK , WALLENIUS KJELL 
Published: June 2007

SummaryGrowth and remodelling of the mandible and the long bones was studied in rats by triple fluorochrome labelling. Diaphyseal remodelling occurred by apposition at certain areas subperiosteally and at the medullary cavity border. Subperiosteal apposition rate was greatly influenced also by muscle attachment in the mandible, while apposition along selected medullary surfaces corresponded to other mechanical and functional demands. Apposition continued at a moderately slower rate after completion of longitudinal growth. The changing locations of the fiuorochromes appear to confirm the concept that bone tissue is in a constant flow from the apposition surface to deep‐seated areas of osteolysis.
An ultrasonic investigation into the working time of amalgam
Authors: DAVIDSON C. L. , ARENDS J. , HARKEL E. TEN 
Published: June 2007

summaryIn this study the damping of ultrasonic waves as well as the compressive strength of amalgam has been measured as a function of the time delay between trituration and condensation.The damping of the ultrasound energy is proportional to the macroporosity, which is caused by lack of plasticity and difficulties encountered in combining various amalgam portions. Also, damping is increased with the condensation delay. Nearly all brands investigated showed a decrease in strength and an increasing macroporosity with delay in condensation.The results indicate that the macroporosity caused by condensation delay determines primarily the mechanical properties of the amalgam restoration.
A further study of facial skin temperature in patients with mandibular dysfunction
Authors: BERRY D. C. , YEMM R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryPain and tenderness of one masseter muscle is a common aspect of mandibular dysfunction. Using an infrared camera, it has been shown that the skin immediately overlying the tender area is commonly hotter than the corresponding area on the other side of the face. The difference tended to diminish as treatment progressed and had disappeared in a number of patients who were re‐examined at completion of treatment. It is suggested that the higher surface temperature is due to the presence of a state of inflammation with hyperaemia in the tender area of the masseter muscle. This conclusion is advanced in part because other causes seem unlikely, and in part because in a few patients with known inflammatory sites, similar hot areas were present in overlying skin.
A short communication on the concentration of copper in silver‐tin phases of dental amalgam alloy
Authors: GUBBELS G. H. M. , VRIJHOEF M.M.A. , DRIESSENS F. C. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe distribution of copper dissolved in the silver‐tin phases of two types of dental amalgam alloy has been investigated. The results showed that the copper content of the γ phase was higher than the copper content of the β phase.
Electrochemistry of the saline corrosion of conventional dental amalgams
Authors: SARKAR N. K. , GREENER E. H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe electrochemical behaviour of the component phases of dental amalgam, viz. Ag3Sn (γ), Ag2Hg3 (γ1), Sn7–8Hg (γ2), Cu3Sn, Cu6Sn5 and a composite of γ1 +γ2 phases were evaluated in saline solution by standard anodic polarization techniques. Using multi‐electrode theory a theoretical polarization diagram was constructed from the composite phases and compared with an anodic polarization profile attained from conventional dental amalgam. A strong agreement was obtained.From analysis of the electrochemical reactions it was found that the passivity of γ2 is due to the formation of stannous and/or stannic oxide (hydroxide) and that the corrosion failure of dental amalgam occurs through the dissolution of this passive oxide in γ2 at potentials of −250 mV Vs. SCE with the formation of tin oxychloride. The corrosion behaviour of Cu6Sn5 is similar to that of γ2 phase and its presence impairs the corrosion resistance of dental amalgam. If the copper containing phase is Cu3Sn, it will be passive in Ringer's solution, possibly as a result of Tamman's ‘multiple rule of eight’.
Oral ability to recognize forms and oral motor ability in 11‐year‐old children*
Authors: LANDT HORST , INGERVALL BENGT 
Published: June 2007

SummaryOral ability to recognize forms and oral motor ability were examined in twenty children, aged 11 years, with normal occlusion. In the RF‐test (recognition of form) the children identified the test pieces quicker but with a higher frequency of misidentification of the test pieces than a group of 17‐year‐old boys studied earlier. The effect of learning on the children was substantial with much quicker and greater certainty from one examination to another. Identification time and misidentification were positively correlated (individuals with long identification time also had a high frequency of errors).In the MA‐test (oral motor ability) the children required a longer time to assemble the halves of the test pieces than did 17‐year‐old boys. A considerable effect of learning was found also in the MA‐test. The results of the RF‐test and the MA‐test varied independently of each other for which reason the two tests measure different components of oral ability.
Methylmethacrylate screw implants—radiographic, histological and fluorescence microscopic investigations in dogs
Authors: WIE HENRIK , SOLHEIM TORE , RHSE PER AAGE 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTwenty‐one methylmethacrylale screw implants were inserted in the jaws of three Labrador dogs. Clinical, radiographic, microscopic and fluorescence microscopic examinations were performed. Direct bone‐implant contact was found in all firm implants, and the density of the alveolar bone increased towards the screw surface. In these areas no fibrous tissue was found between bone and implant. Horizontal fibres at the junction between the head and the neck of the implant seem to have impeded downgrowth of subepithelial granulation tissue.
Relationship of the maxillary central incisors and canines to the incisive papilla
Authors: EHRLICH JACOB , GAZIT ESTHER 
Published: June 2007

SummaryFour hundred and thirty dentulous casts in normal alignment and Angle's Class I Relationship were examined.The results indicated a relationship between arch shape and the intercanine line with particular reference to the way the latter passed through the incisive papilla.The suggestion is made that in the preliminary location of the anterior teeth during construction of full dentures, the average distance of incisors and canines from the incisive papilla could be used as starting points.