bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma phospholipids implicated in the matrix effect observed in liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry bioanalysis: evaluation of the use of colloidal silica in combination with divalent or trivalent cations for the selective removal of phospholipids from plasma
Authors: Wu Steven T. , Schoener Dale , Jemal Mohammed 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe feasibility of the use of colloidal silica in combination with a number of divalent or trivalent cations for the removal of plasma phospholipids was evaluated by sequentially adding the two reagents (i.e., colloidal silica and a cation) directly to blank plasma samples or plasma samples spiked with analytes. Three representative plasma phospholipids were monitored to determine the efficiency of the phospholipids removal under different reagent combinations. The recovery of each spiked analyte was also monitored under each condition in order to determine if any of the analyte was removed along with the phospholipids. By optimizing the amounts of the reagents used and the sequence of the addition of the reagents, quantitative and reproducible removal of the phospholipids was achieved. Using the finally selected lanthanum cation, the removal of phospholipids was achieved with minimal concomitant loss of the ten investigated analytes which were carefully selected to incorporate functional groups that could potentially interact with the added reagents and hence could be removed along with the phospholipids. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Checking hazard regression models using pseudo‐observations
Authors: Perme Maja Pohar , Andersen Per Kragh 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGraphical methods for model diagnostics are an essential part of the model fitting procedure. However, in survival analysis, the plotting is always hampered by the presence of censoring. Although model specific solutions do exist and are commonly used, we present a more general approach that covers all the models using the same framework. The pseudo‐observations enable us to calculate residuals for each individual at each time point regardless of censoring and provide methods for simultaneously checking all the assumptions of both the Cox and the additive model. We introduce methods for single as well as multiple covariate cases and complement them with corresponding goodness‐of‐fit tests. The methods are illustrated on simulated as well as real data examples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of Radiation Cytotoxicity in Breast‐Cancer Cells by Localized Attachment of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Kong Tao , Zeng Jie , Wang Xiaoping , Yang Xiaoyan , Yang Jing , McQuarrie Steve , McEwan Alexander , Roa Wilson , Chen Jie , Xing James Z. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGold nanoparticles (GNPs) and modified GNPs having two kinds of functional molecules, cysteamine (AET) and thioglucose (Glu), are synthesized. Cell uptake and radiation cytotoxicity enhancement in a breast‐cancer cell line (MCF‐7) versus a nonmalignant breast‐cell line (MCF‐10A) are studied. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results show that cancer cells take up functional Glu‐GNPs significantly more than naked GNPs. The TEM results also indicate that AET‐capped GNPs are mostly bound to the MCF‐7 cell membrane, while Glu‐GNPs enter the cells and are distributed in the cytoplasm. After MCF‐7 cell uptake of Glu‐GNPs, or binding of AET‐GNPs, the in vitro cytotoxicity effects are observed at 24, 48, and 72 hours. The results show that these functional GNPs have little or no toxicity to these cells. To validate the enhanced killing effect on cancer cells, various forms of radiation are applied such as 200 kVp X‐rays and γ‐rays, to the cells, both with and without functional GNPs. By comparison with irradiation alone, the results show that GNPs significantly enhance cancer killing.
Positive and Negative ZnO Micropatterning on Functionalized Polymer Surfaces
Authors: Yang Peng , Zou Shengli , Yang Wantai 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPatterned ZnO deposition on substrates has received increasing attention because of its great potential in photocatalysis, energy conversion, and electro‐optical techniques. Chemical solution growth is especially promising for organic substrates due to its very mild reaction conditions. Here this method is used on functionality‐patterned polymer surfaces in order to fabricate positive and negative ZnO micropatterns. A ZnO film made of arrayed rods, typically 500–750 nm in diameter and 2.5 µm in length, is selectively obtained on sulfated and hydroxylated regions of biaxially oriented poly(propylene), giving rise to positive patterns. For reactive polyesters such as poly(ethylene terephthalate), the ZnO rods selectively remain on the unmodified original regions, creating negative patterns. Unlike complex photolithography procedures, the irradiation and patterning processes do not require the use of positive or negative photoresists, and possible damage from acidic solutions on the underlying substrate during the chemical etching process is avoided. The process thus proves to be a simple, creditable, and low‐cost method, which could be easily applied on a variety of inert and reactive polymer surfaces.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Gold Nanocrystals Using a Reducing Amphiphile
Authors: Gonzaga Ferdinand , Singh Sherdeep , Brook Michael A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe first synthesis of a chelating and reactive surfactant derived from citric acid and a short silicone as hydrophobic tail is described. Aqueous solutions of this reactive amphiphile spontaneously induce gold ion reduction, particle nucleation, and further direct crystal growth. The process, both pH and light dependent, occurs through lipid‐directed assembly of metal ions, their reduction and subsequent lipid‐directed growth to yield ultrathin (approximately 7 nm thick) quasi two‐dimensional gold nanocrystals.
An ApoA‐I Mimetic Peptide High‐Density‐Lipoprotein‐Based MRI Contrast Agent for Atherosclerotic Plaque Composition Detection
Authors: Cormode David P. , Briley‐Saebo Karen C. , Mulder Willem J. M. , Aguinaldo Juan Gilberto S. , Barazza Alessandra , Ma Yanqing , Fisher Edward A. , Fayad Zahi A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractCardiovascular disease is one of the prime causes of mortality throughout the world and there is a need for targeted and effective contrast agents to allow noninvasive imaging of the cholesterol‐rich atherosclerotic plaques in arteries. A new, fully synthetic, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐mimicking MRI contrast agent is developed, which enhances macrophage‐rich areas of plaque in a mouse model of atherosclerosis by 94%. Confirmation of the targeting of this nanoparticulate agent is achieved using confocal microscopy by tracking a fluorescent lipid incorporated into the nanoparticle.
Exploring the Immunotoxicity of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Yu Yanmei , Zhang Qiu , Mu Qingxin , Zhang Bin , Yan Bing 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Mass production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their applications in nanomedicine lead to the increased exposure risk of nanomaterials to human beings. Although reports on toxicity of nanomaterials are rapidly growing, there is still a lack of knowledge on the potential toxicity of such materials to immune systems. This article reviews some existing studies assessing carbon nanotubes’ toxicity to immune system and provides the potential mechanistic explanation.
CONTACT METRIC (κ,μ)-SPACES AS BI-LEGENDRIAN MANIFOLDS
Authors: MONTANO BENIAMINO CAPPELLETTI , TERLIZZI LUIGIA DI 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe describe a contact metric manifold whose Reeb vector field belongs to the (κ,μ)-nullity distribution as a bi-Legendrian manifold and we study its canonical bi-Legendrian structure. Then we characterize contact metric (κ,μ)-spaces in terms of a canonical connection which can be naturally defined on them.
VECTOR SUBSPACES OF THE SET OF NON-NORM-ATTAINING FUNCTIONALS
Authors: GARCÍA-PACHECO FRANCISCO J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAn example is found of a nonreflexive Banach spaceXsuch that the union of {0} and the set$X^*\setminus \mathsf {NA}(X)$of non-norm-attaining functionals onXcontains no two-dimensional subspace.
Absorption, metabolism and excretion of flavanones from single portions of orange fruit and juice and effects of anthropometric variables and contraceptive pill use on flavanone excretion
Authors: Brett Gary M. , Hollands Wendy , Needs Paul W. , Teucher Birgit , R. Dainty Jack , Davis Barry D. , Brodbelt Jennifer S. , Kroon Paul A. 
Published: August 2008

Oranges are rich sources of flavonoids that are bioactive and may protect against age-related diseases. The absorption of orange flavanones may be affected by factors such as processing and subject anthropometric variables, and the bioactivity of the absorbed phytochemicals depends on how they are metabolised during absorption. In a randomised cross-over study, twenty subjects consumed a single portion of orange fruit (150 g) or juice (300 g) that contained the flavanones narirutin and hesperidin, and an additional 109 subjects across a broad age range (18–80 years) consumed the juice. Flavanone metabolites were measured in regularly collected samples of plasma and urine. After consumption of fruit or juice, flavanone conjugates, but not the aglycones, were detected in plasma and urine. The flavanone conjugates were shown to include the 7- and 4′-O-monoglucuronides of naringenin, the 7- and 3′-O-monoglucuronides of hesperetin, two hesperetin diglucuronides and a hesperetin sulfo-glucuronide, but no aglycones or rutinosides. Analysis of the plasma pharmacokinetic and urinary excretion data on a dose-adjusted basis indicated no difference in absorption or excretion of either flavanone between the fruit and juice matrices. In the extended urinary excretion dataset the individual variation was very large (range 0–59 % urinary yield). There was a small but significant (P < 0·05) decrease in the excretion of hesperetin (but not naringenin) with increasing age (P < 0·05), but the effects of sex, BMI and contraceptive pill use were shown not to be associated with the variation in flavanone excretion.
Effects of increasing docosahexaenoic acid intake in human healthy volunteers on lymphocyte activation and monocyte apoptosis
Authors: Mebarek Saïda , Ermak Natalia , Benzaria Amal , Vicca Stéphanie , Dubois Madeleine , Némoz Georges , Laville Martine , Lacour Bernard , Véricel Evelyne , Lagarde Michel , Prigent Annie-France 
Published: August 2008

Dietary intake of long-chainn-3 PUFA has been reported to decrease several markers of lymphocyte activation and modulate monocyte susceptibility to apoptosis. However, most human studies examined the combined effect of DHA and EPA using relatively high daily amounts ofn-3 PUFA. The present study investigated the effects of increasing doses of DHA added to the regular diet of human healthy volunteers on lymphocyte response to tetradecanoylphorbol acetate plus ionomycin activation, and on monocyte apoptosis induced by oxidized LDL. Eight subjects were supplemented with increasing daily doses of DHA (200, 400, 800, 1600 mg) in a TAG form containing DHA as the only PUFA, for 2 weeks each dose. DHA intake dose-dependently increased the proportion of DHA in mononuclear cell phospholipids, the augmentation being significant after 400 mg DHA/d. The tetradecanoylphorbol acetate plus ionomycin-stimulated IL-2 mRNA level started to increase after ingestion of 400 mg DHA/d, with a maximum after 800 mg intake, and was positively correlated (P < 0·003) with DHA enrichment in cell phospholipids. The treatment of monocytes by oxidized LDL before DHA supplementation drastically reduced mitochondrial membrane potential as compared with native LDL treatment. Oxidized LDL apoptotic effect was significantly attenuated after 400 mg DHA/d and the protective effect was maintained throughout the experiment, although to a lesser extent at higher doses. The present results show that supplementation of the human diet with low DHA dosages improves lymphocyte activability. It also increases monocyte resistance to oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis, which may be beneficial in the prevention of atherosclerosis.
Why Did Indian Big Business Pursue a Policy of Economic Nationalism in the Interwar Years? A New Window to an Old Debate
Authors: CHAKRABARTI MANALI 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIndian big business campaigned for economically nationalistic policies during the interwar period. Existing scholarship is sharply divided as to the reason for the same. One group of scholars claim that Indian big business as a class rose above its economic interests and actively joined and even led the anti-imperial nationalist movement during the period. The other group contests the above view and proposes that Indian big business was guided by business interests while rallying for economic nationalism. Significantly the interwar period is also marked by a growing antagonism between Indian big business and European commercial class apparently on racial lines, and they held diametrically opposite positions on most issues of commercial relevance. This development is cited as evidence in support of the former view. In this paper I present data of the European business collective of Kanpur, that exhibited almost identical positions as Indian big business, on several significant economic and political issues during the interwar period. From a detailed analysis of the nature of this collective (that had interests in cotton textiles, leather and sugar, amongst others) I have tried to re-configure the debate on the character of Indian big business during the interwar period.
Comment on “Improving How Scientists Communicate About Climate Change”
Authors: Kent James M. 
Published: August 2008

As former director of communications for the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and a writer and editor who has worked in the science and engineering fields for more than 20 years, I applaud Susan Joy Hassol's summary of what scientists need to know to communicate with the public accurately and clearly about climate change in this time of rising demand for information (see Eos, 89(11), 11 March 2008).The article brought to mind the old lightbulb joke about psychiatrists: How many psychiatrists does it take to change a lightbulb? Just one, but the lightbulb has to want to change.
Reply to Comments on “Improving How Scientists Communicate About Climate Change”
Authors: Hassol Susan Joy 
Published: August 2008

I thank James Kent for his kind words and insightful remarks. I enthusiastically endorse his suggestion to integrate communication training into scientists' education. I was gratified to receive many notes similar to his from colleagues and strangers alike, thanking me and providing examples of how my suggestions were being put to good use.I regret that Francis Sedgemore appears to have misunderstood or mischaracterized much of what I wrote. I emphatically did not advocate “science‐lite,” “dumbing down,” or “removing doubt and uncertainty.” I did encourage scientists to recognize that intelligent, educated people who do not happen to be scientists often use terms that have one meaning in everyday English and another in the laboratory.
What are the ethical and social responsibilities of scientists?
Authors: Campbell Philip 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPresented as part of the session titled "Sharing scientific data: who benefits?" at ESOF (The Euroscience Open Forum) 2008.Session abstract: Digital datasets—text-based, numeric, audio, video or image-based—form the output of all scientific disciplines. How are these data being made available for sharing? What quality control mechanisms are in place? What kinds of naming conventions, tags, and metadata are in use and how effective are they at helping to manage open data? Who is storing, archiving and curating open data and at which levels? And how is the production and sharing of open data assessed: what processes are in place for crediting scientists for making their raw data openly accessible for sharing and use? How much can and should data publication replace traditional forms of publication of research findings?
Computerised cognitive‐behaviour therapy (cCBT) and older people: A pilot study to determine factors that influence willingness to engage with cCBT
Authors: Elsegood Kelly , Powell David 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to explore whether older people with depression and/or anxiety were potentially willing to engage with computerised cognitive‐behaviour therapy (cCBT). Method: A short questionnaire was sent to 60 service users aged 65+ who were identified as having anxiety and/or depression. Results: There was a 63.3% response rate for the questionnaire. Almost half of the respondents said they would be interested in using cCBT, and would be willing to learn the necessary computer skills. Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that older people with anxiety and/or depression may be willing to engage with cCBT. However, a number of important factors are highlighted that would need to be considered in deciding whether to develop access to cCBT for older people.
Innovation in therapeutic practice with ‘violent youth’: A discourse analysis of the non‐violent resistance approach
Authors: Newman Mary , Nolas Sevasti-Melissa 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIntroduction: The introduction of the innovative non‐violent resistance approach (NVR) at a multi‐agency service in east Kent, UK, has presented challenges in terms of the recruitment of the necessary wider professional support for the family, with some professionals seeing the approach as not child‐focused. Aims and objectives: To identify child‐focused themes among professionals, and to compare these with discourses used in NVR and, for comparison, in the Webster‐Stratton approach, to elucidate possible obstacles to the acceptance by professionals of NVR. Methods and analysis: A focus group of experienced professionals was convened to discuss what it means to be child‐focused, and a thematic analysis was conducted. Key texts from NVR and the Webster‐Stratton approach were selected and analysed using Foucauldian discourse analysis. Results: Being child‐focused was considered to require the child's voice being heard, at least by the parents. Power differentials and developmental issues were also highlighted in the discussion. The key text analyses suggests that the Webster‐Stratton approach is communicated through familiar ‘biomedical’ and ‘missionary’ discourses, while surprisingly NVR is communicated through a discourse of ‘war’ as well as the more familiar and child‐focused ‘family values’ discourse. Implications: The ‘war’ discourse used by NVR, in which violent young people are seen as aggressors and oppressors, challenges the traditional discourses of childhood formed around notions of innocence. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to furthering the adoption of NVR as an effective way of working to help violent children of all ages.
The silent voices of research: What can we do to help them speak?1
Authors: Sargeant Thomas , Casey Aideen 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe authors challenge the legitimacy of making commissioning decisions based solely upon the current outcome research for the psychological treatments. They argue that this outcome data does not represent the treatment needs of the patient who fails to complete a therapy. They call for a shift in the focus of research in order to right this oversight.
Integrating expression data with domain interaction networks
Authors: Emig Dorothea , Cline Melissa S. , Lengauer Thomas , Albrecht Mario 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Summary: Recent studies have revealed that alternative splicing plays an important role in the observed protein and interaction diversity. Special microarrays allow for measuring gene expression at the exon level and thus for studying alternative transcripts and their corresponding protein domain architecture. We have developed the Cytoscape plugin DomainGraph that enables the visualization and detailed study of domain–domain interactions forming protein interaction networks. In addition, the integration of exon expression data supports the analysis of alternative splicing events and the characterization of their effects on the protein and domain interaction network. Different expression patterns between human tissues or cells can be identified by comparing the generated domain graphs.
Availability: The plugin DomainGraph and the online documentation are available at http://domaingraph.bioinf.mpi-inf.mpg.de.
Contact: mario.albrecht@mpi-inf.mpg.de
Relation Between Clinical Symptoms and Experimental Visceral Hypersensitivity in Pediatric Patients With Functional Abdominal Pain
Authors: Anderson Julia L , Acra Sari , Bruehl Stephen , Walker Lynn S 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTObjective:The association between clinical symptoms and laboratory visceral sensitivity remains poorly defined and controversial. It has even been suggested that laboratory observations of visceral sensitivity are irrelevant to the clinical presentation of chronic visceral pain. To better understand this association, gastrointestinal and psychological features of pediatric patients' clinical presentation were examined in relation to a laboratory‐based measure of visceral sensitivity.Patients and Methods:At the time of their medical evaluation, 101 patients with medically unexplained abdominal pain (ages 8–15 years) completed validated questionnaires assessing recent depressive symptoms, functional disability, pain efficacy beliefs, gastrointestinal (GI), and non‐GI symptoms. These clinical features were examined in relation to visceral sensitivity assessed 2 months later in the laboratory. The measure of visceral sensitivity was based on increases in GI complaints in response to the water load symptom provocation task.Results:More severe GI symptoms and functional disability in the weeks before patients' clinical evaluation were associated with significantly greater increases in GI symptoms in the laboratory in response to the water load symptom provocation task (all P < 0.04). Patients believing that they had the ability to alleviate their pain (high problem‐focused pain efficacy) had significantly lower laboratory visceral sensitivity (P < 0.01). Clinical depressive symptoms and non‐GI symptoms were not associated with laboratory visceral sensitivity.Conclusions:Clinical presentations of more severe GI symptoms and disability as well as low perceived pain efficacy are significant predictors of laboratory visceral sensitivity in children with functional abdominal pain. Depression does not account for the association between clinical presentation of GI symptoms and a laboratory measure of visceral sensitivity.