bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Oyster Community in Delaware: The Effects of the Estuarine Environment on the Associated Fauna
Authors: Maurer Don , Watling Les 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the composition of the associated fauna of Delaware's oyster beds. Moreover the relative position of Delaware's oyster producing tributaries lends itself to testing the classic hypothesis concerning the effect of salinity on faunal distribution. Interaction of substrate was also studied. The local oyster beds are termed the bay beds which include planted and natural populations, and the river beds. From 1967 to 1971 approximately 800 samples have been collected and the majority of these were from the bay beds. In 1968 and 1969, 132 samples were systematically collected from the river beds and 19 from the bay beds. These were returned to the laboratory for special care in identification. Samples from fouling panels and oyster rafts provided additional species. 152 species were identified but only 133 species were statistically analysed because they were from the systematic collections. Nonparametric statistics were used. In order to facilitate analysis the top 23 species were selected for special treatment. In order of decreasing frequency of occurrence the species were: Sabellaria vulgaris, Conopeum tenuissimum, Panopeus herbsti, Nereis succinea, Palaemonetes vulgaris, Crassostrea virginica, Nassarius obsoletus, Polydora websteri, Membranipora tenuis, Garveia fransiscana, Bulanus improvisus, Diadumene leucolena, Aiptasiomorpha luciae, Melita nitida, Obelia longicyatha, Alcyonidium polyoum, Sertularia argentea, Crangon septemspinosa, Hydroides dianthus, Eurypanopeus depressus, Modiolus demissus, Parapleustes sp., and Hartlaubella gelatinosa. The diversity of species decreases up the estuary with decreasing salinity. Substrate can alter this pattern in particular cases. Within a given salinity range the presence of any firm substrate or mud influenced the nature of the community from epifaunal to infaunal. Four faunal units were recognized: the planted and natural beds, the four southern rivers, the Leipsic River, the Woodland Beach area. The Leipsic River area marks a critical transition zone with a rapid reduction in species. North of Woodland Beach brackish water conditions begin to prevail. The fauna was more diverse in late spring than in the fall but seasonality was not as marked as expected. The faunal composition of Delaware's oyster beds agrees with the cosmopolitan view of estuaries. The stability — time hypothesis proposed by SANDERS provides a theoretical basis to explain faunal distributions in Delaware's oyster community. The hardy nature and geologic history of this oyster community makes it a likely candidate as a sensitive indicator of environmental degradation in the estuary.
Growth‐potential Bioassay of Sea Waters Using Algal cultures II. Effect of preliminary Nutrient Limitation on Inoculum Survival and Efficiency
Authors: Berland B. R. , Bonin D. J. , Maestrini S. Y. , Pointier J. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTen cultures of phytoplankters, including four strains of Skeletonema costatum from different origins, were used to improve some aspects of the bioassay technology. Special attention was paid to the preliminary nutrient limitation of the inocula.When the cells are maintained in nutrient starvation, their carbon, nitrogen, carbohydrates, proteins and above all chlorophyll a contents decrease. The minimum appears after a range of 2–7 days, according to species. The survival of these limited cells and their capacity to give rise to active growing cultures when sub‐cultured are different with species, but efficiency in the inocula they provide usually can occur only until the minimum content in cellular components appears.Starved cells and enriched cultures of Chaetoceros lauderi and Skeletonema costatum were used to inoculate several samples of sea water, in order to test the effect of the starvation on the experimental results. It appears that the starved cells increase the sensitivity of the method, but they are more susceptible to substances limiting their growth. In the opinion of the authors the best way would be to use both starved and enriched cells as inocula, but, when this is impossible, cautiously starved cells should be used with unpolluted sea waters.
Testacea (Protozoa, Rhizopoda) of Several High‐mountain Waters from Mexico, Costa Rica and Guatemala
Authors: Laminger Hilde 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present paper deals with the Testacea living in several Mexican and Central American high‐mountain waters. A total of 127 species, varieties and forms including 11 new ones are detected. Faunistical, ecological, zoogeographical and taxonomical notes are given. The results of investigation are represented as diagrams and extensive illustrations are provided.
Growth‐potential bioassay of sea waters using algae cultures III, Skeletonema costatum growth at different concentrations of nutrients
Authors: Berland B. R. , Bonin D. J. , Maestrini S. Y. , Pointier J. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe growth of the diatom Skeletonema costatum in culture media, with different nutrients concentrations, is followed by measuring and comparing the cell density and the nitrogen, proteins, carbon, carbohydrates, chlorophyll a and ATP contents. The experiments are carried out in order to decide the best enrichments which have to be used for the measurement of growth‐potential of sea water, with S. costatum as a test organism.The cell density appears to be ruled by very low concentrations of phosphorus, silicates, vitamin B12 and also by nitrogen, but with less importance. With iron and chelator EDTA the answers are not easy to understand (because of the role of EDTA to get metal available). Inhibition appears with the highest concentrations.In phosphorus, silicium and vitamins starvation, the size of cells increased (the informations obtained from cell density and other parameters are not similar). Cell ATP content is especially linked with silicium and phosphorus concentrations in the medium, chlorophyll a content follows mainly the nitrogen evolution, but also that one of phosphorus.The cell density measurement does not appear always to be the best way to obtain valuable data of growth‐potential of sea water. But, if several nutrients are supposed to rule this growth‐potential, and if only one method can be used, it is then the most convenient to get averaged informations.The maximum growth is obtained from low concentrations of nitrogen, iron and EDTA in the media. With S. costatum the best enrichments, for growth potential experiments, range from 0,25 to 1 time the chemical composition of the ASP 2 solution of PROVASOLI et al. (1957) as nitrogen, phosphorus, silicium, iron, metal mix, EDTA and vitamins are concerned. This values could be lowered with other species.
A Comparative Study on Photosynthesis Temperature Relationships and Their Seasonal Changes in Marine Benthic Algae
Authors: Yokohama Yasutsugu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn each of the species examined — 4 Chlorophyceae, 7 Phaeophyceae and 4 Rhodophyceae — the optimum temperature for photosynthesis was apparently higher in summer material than in winter material. In the brown algae the optimum temperature for the apparent photosynthesis lies between 20°C and 23°C, in the green algae and in most of the red algae between 25° and 30°C. In most of the red algae the activity decreased markedly at 35°GC, while a considerable part of the green algae survived at this temperature. In 50% of the species of brown algae examined the photosynthetic activity decreased at 30°C and was completely lost at 35°C, while in the remaining species a strong resistance to high temperatures was observed.
Growth‐Potential Bioassay of Sea Waters Using Algal Cultures. IV. Use of Coastal Mediterranean Waters from Different Origins
Authors: Berland B. R. , Bonin D. J. , Maestrini S. Y. , Pointier J. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral aspects of sea water enrichments were previously studied and the method for growth‐potential measurements was improved. The experiments presently reported were carried out in order to estimate the validity of the method. Natural sea water was used from two different marine areas. Eleven enrichments are added to the samples; their concentrations are those of the ASP 2 solution of PROVASOLI et al. (1957); one, two or three of the components are missing. Chaetoceros lauderi, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Skeletonema costatum are used as test organisms.The data clearly indicate that the information obtained from sea water enrichments can be different from those given by the usual analysis of chemical nutrients. For the same chemical substances missing, there is a striking discrepancy between the results obtained from different test strains. On the contrary, within the array of sea water samples, the same enrichments are always growth‐promoting or growth‐inhibiting for each of the three organisms.
Studies on Abundance and Biomass of the Sediment‐Inhabiting Testacea (Protozoa. Rhizopoda) in a High‐Mountain Lake (Vorderer Finstertaler See. Tyrol. Austria)
Authors: Laninger Hilde 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study aims at providing quantitative information on the distribution of sediment‐inhabiting Testacea in high‐mountain lakes. The seasonal and spatial changes in species distribution. abundance and biomass are described. Through discussion of the relevant findings of other authors. the importance of some of those factors responsible for the Testacean distribution in time and depth is indicated.
On Austrognatharia strunki nov. spec. from the Florida Keys (Gnathostomulida)
Authors: Farris Richard A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present paper belongs to a series dealing with Gnathostomulids from the West Atlantic coasts (RIEDL 1970a, b; 1971a, b; STERRER 1970, 1971, 1972). Others will include additional species descriptions, distribution patterns and improved sampling techniques. Organization will generally follow the format of previous Gnathostomulida papers. The following description based on studies of living individuals is the fourth species in the genus Austrognatharia STERRER, 1971 and the second to be described from North America. Primary emphasis is placed on characters of systematic importance; supplementary data including a distribution pattern are mentioned briefly under “Notes and Obersvations.”I am deeply indebted to Dr. WOLFGANG STERRER (Bermuda Biological Station for valuable material and generous assistance. I would also like to thank Dr. REINHARD RIEGER (Chapel Hill) for his helpful suggestions, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for facilities, and Dr. STEVEN WAINWRIGHT (Duke University) for his financial subsidy. Further support: NSF grant No. XA 120 (R. J. RIEDL, principal investigator) and North Carolina Board of Science and Technology grants No. RA 012 and RA 023, University Research Council VF 255.
Photosynthetic Production and Dark‐assimilation of CO2 in the Black Sea
Authors: Gupta Rabin Sen , Jannasch Holger W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractData on the photosynthetic production collected in the Black Sea during March and April 1969 showed a particularly strong spring bloom. Details of the interpretation of the data are concerned with seasonal and local variations as characteristics of semi‐enclosed oceanic basins. High values of dark‐assimilation of carbon dioxide have been found in and below the oxygen/sulfide interface and the difficulties of their interpretation are discussed.
On the High Density of a Phytoplankton Population Found in a Lake under Ice
Authors: Maeda Osamu , Ichimura Shun‐Ei 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe growth of phytoplankton in an ice‐covered lake was investigated with special reference to their photosynthetic and heterotrophic activities. Under transparent ice the photosynthetic production of organic matter was maintained enough to hold a high density of phytoplankton. When the light penetration to the water was diminished strongly by the ice‐sheet, heterotrophy contributed largely to the growth of phytoplankton.
Marine Polychaete Annelids of Easter Island
Authors: Kohn Alan J. , Lloyd Margaret C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study increases the number of species of marine polychaete annelids known to occur at Easter Island from 11 to 60, of which 43 are identified to species. Nearly 90% of these occur in the tropical Indo‐West Pacific region, but 60% are of circumtropical distribution. The strong Indo‐West Pacific zoogeographic affinity is consistent with other taxa of Easter Island inshore marine animals for which data are available, the fishes, corals, and gastropod molluscs.Polychaete species composition and abundance were determined in substrate samples from two types of microhabitat in a tidepool. A sample of 290 ml of sand and 70 ml of algae contained 1,779 specimens of 41 species of polychaetes (species diversity H′ = 2.57). A basalt boulder of surface area 340 cm2 contained a polychaete assemblage of 864 specimens of 35 species (H′ = 2.49). Population density of the latter sample is equivalent to 25,400 polychaetes/m2. Of the 49 species present in the two samples, 34 were identified to species. Although 27 species (55%) were common to both samples, similarity as measured by Cλ, which weighs differences in relative abundance, was only 24%. More than half of all polychaetes present in the two samples belonged to the family Syllidae; they comprised 65% of the individuals in the sand‐algae sample and 35% in the boulder sample. Spirorbinae predominated numerically in the boulder sample (40%). Chaetopteridae (10%) and Spionidae (8%) were the next most abundant families in the sand‐algae sample.
Rates of Turnover and Net Accretion of Calcium and the Role of Calcium Binding Polysaccharides During Calcification in the Calcareous Alga Halimeda opuntia (L.)
Authors: Böhm E. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCalcification in the calcareous alga Halimeda opuntia involves Calcium exchange with the seawater. Calcium influx and‐outflux is nearly the same and approximately 300 μg Ca/g alga/min. Calcium net accretion is 3.6 ± 1.1 μg Ca/g alga/min. Calcium outflux alga‐seawater is higher in darkness than in light. Calcium exchange in live algae is 3–6 times faster than in dead algae. Calcium is lost from the seawater at two distinctly different rates and is taken up by watersoluble polysaccharides in the algal mucilage and by the skeleton. These two Calcium pools represent 0.1 and 99.9% of the algal Calcium respectively. Between 0.8–2.0% of the skeletal Calcium is exchangeable. The analysis of the 45Ca specific activity curves suggests that there are more than 2 Calcium pools in the alga. The polysaccharides constitute a small but rapidly exchanging Calcium pool which communicates with the seawater and at least 2 other pools. The Calcium binding polysaccharides are involved in the Calcium metabolism of the alga and may play a role in algal calcification.
Seasonal Cycles of Vitamin B12, Thiamine and Biotin in Lake Sagami. Patterns of Their Distribution and Ecological Significance
Authors: Ohwada Kouichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeasonal cycles of vitamin B12, thiamine and biotin in the water and sediment of Lake Sagami have been studied for two years in 1970 and 1971 at monthly intervals. They were compared with other biological and chemical factors. Sediments were very rich in the three vitamins during the period of study and they were considered to be a vitamin source for the Jake water. In the surface water, fluctuations both of dissolved and particulate forms of the vitamins were found to correspond fairly with the succession of phytoplankton during these years. Particularly, the dissolved vitamin B12concentration decreased remarkably at the same time that the particulate form increased considerably in the surface water during periods of dominance by diatoms such asCyclotellasp.,Nitzschia acicularis, N. paleacea, N. actinastroides, N. palea, N.sp. andSynedra acus.From the results, the possible importance of vitamin B12as one of the ecological factors in Lake Sagami was suggested and discussed.
Pollution of a Tasmanian River by Mine Effluents I. Chemical Evidence
Authors: Tyler Peter A. , Bbuckey Rodney T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDischarge of effluents from tin and wolfram mines has caused severe pollution of two creeks and lesser pollution of the South Esk River in North‐East Tasmania. The principal pollutants are sulphuric acid, zinc, cadmium, copper, lead, iron and manganese in dissolved or particulate form or both. The creek waters are rendered unsuitable for domestic or agricultural use and all normal biota destroyed. In the South Esk River trout are absent from polluted reaches though abundant elsewhere. Flood‐borne mine tailings, rich in particulate pollutants, have destroyed or degraded pastures along the South Esk River.
Pollution of a Tasmanian River by Mine Effluents. II. Distribution of Macroinvertebrates
Authors: Thorp Veronica J. , Lake Philip S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution and abundance of macroinvertebrates were studied in the South Esk River, Tasmania; a river subject to cadmium and zinc pollution as a result of mining. The groups most intolerant of cadmium‐zinc pollution were the Crustacea, Mollusca and Annelida. Highly tolerant groups included aquatic Hemiptera and Arachnida, and larvae of leptocerid trichopterans. A drop in both species diversity and abundance occurred after floods in winter and was probably due to pulses of cadmium and zinc down the river and also to increased molar action of the unstable substrate.
Nitrate Uptake by Reef Corals
Authors: Franzisket Ludwig 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn specimens of the hermatypic coral species Fungia scutaria and Montipora verrucosa and in the alga Ulva lactuca, nitrate uptake was measured in light and dark with a flow‐through apparatus. The nitrate uptake was measurable in high‐nitrate bay water of Kaneohe Bay and also in low‐nitrate open ocean water. Nitrate consumption rates by the corals and the alga did not differ from light to dark.Neither the coral nor the alga showed measurable immediate nitrate uptake in open ocean water of low nitrate concentration when they had been held previously in the high‐nitrate bay water. In low‐nitrate open ocean water the uptake per unit time increases when the flow of the water increases.The uptake of nitrate by reef corals even from low concentrations indicates nonspecific nutrient sources for reef corals.
An Experimental Study on the Food Chain Among Bacteria, Paramecium and Daphnia
Authors: Tezuka Yasuhiko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA quantitative study is made of the feeding of Paramecium caudatum on bacteria and of the feeding of Daphnia pulex on Paramecium and bacteria. The growth yield of P. caudatum on a diet of an unidentified yellow‐colored bacterium was about 55% on a dry weight basis. Paramecium would not grow if the concentration of bacteria is less than 1 . 107 cells ml. Several other bacterial species were tested. Paramecium could not grow successfully on all of them, but could on Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Adults of Daphnia pulex could grow and reproduce on a diet of P. caudatum alone, but young grew successfully only when bacteria were present.
A Species of Styloscolex MICHAELSEN (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae) Found in Two Lakes in Northern Alaska
Authors: Holmquist Charlotte 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpecimens of the lumbriculid genus Styloscolex MICHAELSEN have been found in northern Alaska. They were identified as St. opisthothecus SOKOLSKAJA 1969, known from Kamchatka. A description of the Alaskan specimens and habitats is given. The genus Styloscolex once supposed to be a Baikalian endemic has representatives also in Manchukuo and Japan. It is pointed to the fact that bottom‐living organisms of lakes of vast areas are rather unknown. Only Lake Baikal, famous for its size and depth, has attracted special interest and been thoroughly investigated. The genus Styloscolex may thus be found in more areas. In any case, the present finds show that it is not restricted to eastern Asia.
Three Monstrilloids (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) From the Arctic
Authors: Davis Charles C. , Green John M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree species of monstrilloids were collected in the plankton beneath the ice in December at Resolute Bay, Cornwallis Island in the Canadian Arctic. The species are determined as Monstrilla arctica n. sp., M. nasuta n. sp. and M. bernardensis (WILLEY, 1920). They are described and figured in detail.
The Assessment of Numerical Value and Graphic Plotting of Bacteria and Fungi in Aerotanks
Authors: Godeanu Stoica 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA numerial assessment is proposed for various types of both bacteria and fungi, relying on 10 plates. Photographs show how to make use of the plates. A formula is given, by the help of which the marks obtained are gathered within a single value, the latter being a synthesis of the morphological and functional state of bacteria and fungi in the considered treatment plant.
Carotenoids and Vitamin A in the Crabs Pachygrapsus marmoratus (FABRE) and Eriphia spinifrons (HERBST)
Authors: Czeczuga Bazyli 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInvestigations have been carried regarding carotenoids and vitamin A in the crabs Pachygrapsus marmoratus (FABRE) and Eriphia spinifrons (HERBST) from the Black and Adriatic Sea. The presence of carotenoids and vitamin A was determined by means of column and thinlayer chromatography.The following carotenoids were found: Pachygrapsus marmoratus: β‐carotene, cryptoxanthin, canthaxanthin, lutein, astaxanthin and vitamin A; Eriphia spinifrons: β‐carotene, echinenone, canthaxanthin, isozeaxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein (ester and epoxy), astaxanthin and astacene.
Les Diatomées des Sédiments Holocènes du Bassin du Lac Afrera (Giulietti) (Afar Septentrional, Ethiopie). Essai de Reconstitution de l'Évolution du Milieu
Authors: Gasse Françoise 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe calcareous holocene sediments found in the outlying areas around Lake Afrera (Ethiopia) contain diatoms in abundance, some of which seem to be new species. Qualitative and quantitative studies, with informatory treatment of the data, allow us to reconstruct the main characteristics of the sedimentation conditions and their variations in the course of time. During periods of warm and humid climatic conditions, the basin was progressively filled up with alkaline, lightly saline and quickly eutrophic water. At this time, the lake covered an area of 250 km2. This period occurred from 9800 years B. P. to around 7800 years B. P. It was followed by a short interruption, showed by important modifications in the diatom flora and a marked increase in the depth and salinity of the water. It has been hypothesized that this phenomenon had a tectonic origin. Soon thereafter, the previous ecological conditions reappeared. In the following period the lake began to dry up and the diatoms began to disappear. The present‐day highly saline Lake Afrera is all that remains of this large holocene water area.Diatoms of the Holocene Sediments in the Afrera Lake Basin. (Northern Afar, Ethiopia). Reconstruction of the Environmental Evolution