bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Defoliation and Topping on Semi-Upright Cowpeas [Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in a Humid Tropical Environment
Authors: Ezedinma F. O. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe yield of cowpeas could be increased by judicious defoliation of the older leaves or by topping the growing apices at the onset of flowering. Limited defoliation at the pre-flowering stage did not reduce the yield of beans significantly but severe defoliation at any stage prior to maturity drastically reduced yield. Satisfactory yields of cowpea could be obtained by maintaining only about one-half to two-thirds of the potential leaf-area of the plants, suggesting that a reduction in the number and area of leaves, coupled with a better display of the fewer remaining leaves, could make cowpeas more productive than hitherto.
Effects of Irrigation, Mulch and N-Fertilizers on Yield Components of Arabica Coffee in Kenya
Authors: Cannell M. G. R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYIrrigation, mulch and N-fertilizers increased the yield of fresh fruit/tree by 66 per cent due to increases of 42 per cent in the number of fruiting nodes/tree, 14 per cent in number of fruits/node and 15 per cent in fresh weight/fruit; these three yield components accounted for 42, 13 and 6 per cent of the variation in yield among all treatment combinations. Bean/fruit weight ratios and times of flowering were not affected. Correlations between yield components were positive, suggesting that still more nodes could be produced per tree and per unit area before physiological limits to yield were reached.
Incidence and Control of Iron Deficiency Chlorosis in Fruit trees in Iran
Authors: Bolle-Jones E. W. , Sanei F. , Pahlavani A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYSoil analysis on samples taken from apple orchards in Khorasan and quince orchards in Esfahan, suggested that at a sampling depth of 20–45 cm., the critical soil concentration of calcium carbonate at which chlorosis might appear seems to be 14–15 per cent for apple and 39–40 per cent for quince. The incidence of lime-induced chlorosis was accompanied by lowered leaf Ca/K ratios. The application of various iron chelates to chlorotic trees not only benefited yield of apples but also exercised a residual effect in succeeding seasons.
Nematodes in Stored Yams
Authors: Thompson A. K. , Been B. O. , Perkins Cynthia 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYPreliminary observations on tubers of yam (Dioscorea spp.) showed that there were increases in nematode populations during storage at ambient temperatures, whereas nematode counts were very low after storage at lower temperatures (12–13°C). Hot water treatments (50°C) for different lengths of time reduced the number of nematodes but damaged the tubers. Fumigation with methyl bromide, ethylene dibromide and hydrogen phosphide was not successful, as concentrations which reduced nematode numbers caused injury to the tubers. The effect of ethylene dibromide was not lasting.
Effect of Day-Length and Water on Nodulation of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in Ghana
Authors: Doku E. V. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryNodule and plant dry weight of five photoperiodically different cowpea varieties increased with increasing day-length. There were no effective nodules on any varieties in 8-hour days and the response of nodulation to day-length was greater than plant dry weight. Nodule and plant dry weight also increased with increasing availability of water, but at the highest watering rate nodule weight was significantly lower under long than short days. Cowpea should nodulate well under tropical day-lengths provided enough water is available.
Visual Symptoms of Some Mineral Deficiencies on Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum Cinerariaefolium)
Authors: Pinkerton A. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryVisual symptoms of deficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and boron on pyrethrum are described, and compared with those observed previously on other species of chrysanthemum.
Correlation Studies of Some Agronomic Characters in Sesame
Authors: Khidir M. Osman , Osman H. El Gizouli 
Published: October 2008

SummaryIn 90 local sesame types there was some association between seed coat colour and seed size, stem height, number of branches, number of pods, yield per plant and earliness. Forty-five coefficients show the degree of correlation between ten agronomic characters. Yield was significantly and positively correlated with all characters except the number of days to first flowering and to first maturity. Stem height, number of pods per plant and seed size seem to be the best criteria for selection in sesame.
Breeding and Testing Dwarf Sorghums in Nigeria
Authors: Andrews D. J. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryThe development of the first group of short-statured, late-maturing sorghum lines and hybrids and their initial testing for the Northern Guinea and sub-Sudan Savanna zones in Nigeria is described. The necessity of developing such types of sorghum is discussed, together with some of the problems encountered when breeding the new types.
Effects of Spraying and Cultural Practices on Cotton in Uganda
Authors: Davies J. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYTrials on cotton in Uganda show that four DDT sprays give substantial increases in yields and a reduction in percentage of stained cotton. Benefits were obtained from early ploughing prior to sowing and there were positive interactions between time of ploughing and spraying. Fertilizer applications of superphosphate and sulphate of ammonia generally produced marginal benefits but more cotton was obtained from fertilized plots if they were sprayed, though not if unsprayed. The effect of fertilizer on the pest complex was slight, though one pest appeared to be attracted to lush fertilized cotton. Spraying gave excellent control of bollworms and mirids.
The Effect of Photoperiod on Development on Soyabean and Cowpea Cultivars Grown in the U.K. in Summer
Authors: Huxley P. A. , Summerfield R. J. , Hughes A. P. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYVarious sequences of different daylength regimes were given to five potentially tropically-adapted soyabean and three cowpea cultivars, to establish the duration of the photoinductive period which is necessary for their subsequent satisfactory development for experimental trials in the U.K. in long summer days. Genotypic differences in response to photoperiodic delay of flowering were clearly distinguished, but unless these soyabean and cowpea cultivars were kept in short photoperiods for at least 49 days, flower retention and pod development were adversely affected when they were subsequently planted in natural U.K. long summer days. The developmental stages from juvenility to flowering are discussed.
Effects of Temporary Water-tables on Marsh Grapefruit Trees in Sudan
Authors: Abbadi S. B. , Minessy F. A. , Abdelhafeez A. T. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYTwo weeks after irrigation there was a temporary water-table between 30 and 127 cm. below the soil surface in four different parts of a grapefruit orchard. As the temporary water-table rose closer to the soil surface the percentage of soil water in the root zone increased and tree size, number of leaves per branch, and leaf size all decreased. Shallow water-tables also induced more die-back and reduced yields significantly. Analyses of soils at various sites indicated that there was no problem of salinity or alkalinity, but physical soil analyses showed that the percentage of clay increased with increased shallowness of the water-table, in line with the soil moisture characteristic curves.
Effects of Mulches and Type of Seed Bed on Pearl Millet (Pennisetum Typhoides) under Semi-arid Conditions
Authors: Ali Masood , Prasad Rajendra 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYA field experiment was conducted for two years to study the influence of type of seed bed and various mulcheson yield and nutrient uptake by pearl millet, and on moisture conservation, under the semi-arid conditions of Delhi. A flat seedbed stored more moisture, gave significantly higher yield of pearl millet, and increased the uptake of N, P and K, compared withridge and furrow beds. Mulches were effective in conserving moisture, with straw mulch significantly better than dust mulch inits effect on crop yield and nutrient uptake.
Effects of Previous Crop on Yield and Nitrogen Response of Maize at Samaru, Nigeria
Authors: Jones M. J. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYMaize yields were significantly affected by the nature of the previous crop. Maize following groundnuts significantly outyielded maize following cotton, which in turn significantly outyielded maize following sorghum or cowpeas, and this order was largely independent of the nitrogen fertilizer regime applied to the maize. Analyses of soil and crop showed that groundnuts increased nitrogen availability in the topsoil, but there was little evidence of any similar advantage after cowpeas.
Use of Phenol Colour Reactions for Identification of Rice Varieties
Authors: Sivasubramanian S. , Ramakrishnan V. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYA phenol colour reaction test was found to be useful for classifying rice varieties. The degree of colouration varied between varieties and could be explained by differences in the enzyme activity, expressed as phenoloxidase and peroxidase. Light, temperature and aeration appeared to influence colour development, but age and crop location did not. A concentration of 1.5 per cent was found to be suitable.
The Wilting Point and Available Moisture in Tropical Forest Soils of Nigeria
Authors: Obi A. O. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYAvailability of soil water was investigated and the methods of determining the lower limit of availability by biotic and standard 15-bar pressure were compared. Greenhouse-grown sunflower and okra were the test crops for the biotic method. The pressure membrane equipment was used for standard 15-bar moisture determination. Okra and sunflower took up water beyond the standard 15-bar tension, thus lowering the moisture content at moderate wilting below the generally accepted values. In topsoil okra wilted at very high tensions, but at somewhat lower tensions in subsoil samples, unlike sunflower which wilted at higher tensions in subsoil samples. An equation is given which may be used to estimate the moisture content at the moderate wilting point of plants with known wilting tensions.
Isotope Studies on the Efficient Use of P-Fertilizers by Coffea arabica in Kenya I. Uptake And Distribution of P32 from labelled KH2PO4
Authors: Patel R. Z. , Kabaara A. M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYUptake of P32 from labelled KH2PO4 solutions, injected in the top-soil at points distributed over 4000 cm.2 in the zone of high root activity, was measurable soon after application with accumulation of P32 in leaves increasing thereafter with time. The recently-acquired P32 was distributed uniformly in the tree canopies. Uptake of P32 reached a maximum when the number of injection points was increased from 15 to 30 per tree, with 45 and 60 injection points leading to little further change in P32 content of leaves. In the zone of high root activity, strip application of P32 was as efficient as application in a circle around each tree. The practical implications of these observations in relation to P-fertilization of coffee are discussed.
Yield and Yield Components of Six Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) Cultivars II. Variability and Possible Sources of Variation
Authors: Lowe S. B. , Wilson L. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYVariabilities in total yield, marketable yield and components of yield (tuber numbers and mean tuber weights) were studied in six sweet potato cultivars over two seasons, in crops harvested at two dates. Yield variability was high, particularly in marketable tubers, and was related to either or both components of yield. High-yielding cultivars had lower variabilities and the commercial cultivar 049 the lowest. The contribution of yield components to variability in total yield was evaluated and sources of yield variation were attributed to planting material, tuber development and season.
Effect of Age of Seedlings at Transplanting on Growth and Yield of Rice Varieties (Oryza Sativa)
Authors: Singh D. N. , Bhattacharya A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYOptimum transplanting age and relative growth rate in three groups of rice varieties differed with types and maturity periods. Transplanting 52 day old seedlings reduced the shoot number, and the magnitude of reduction was higher in early than in mid-early and medium varieties. Early transplanting reduced the number of days to flowering in all three groups compared with transplanting later. Senescence was much earlier in early types transplated as 52 day old seedlings. Grain production in early types was more sensitive to late transplanting than the mid-early and medium types. Medium varieties outyielded the early and mid-early ones when transplanted at 38 days after seeding.
Water Conservation in Three Grain Crops in the Zambezi Valley
Authors: Honisch O. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe results of a three-year water conservation trial in the Zambezi Valley of Zambia are reported, for an area characterized by high temperatures and low, often poorly distributed, rainfall, with low infiltration and high evapotranspiration rates. As a result of these conditions local farmers often produce grain crops yielding as little as 200–300 kg./ha., though considerable increases could be obtained by simple water conservation methods. Of four treatments, tieridges made before the start of the first rains consistently gave the heaviest yields. Mean yields of the three crops under trial (maize, sorghum and bulrush millet) were higher on tie-ridges than on conventionally prepared seedbeds by 168, 159 and 17 per cent in the 1968–69 to 1970–71 seasons respectively.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analyses in Fodder Cowpea (Vigna sinensis Endl.)
Authors: Dangi O. P. , Paroda R. S. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe genotypic and phenotypic correlations and path-coefficients were studied in two different environments, using twenty fodder genotypes of cowpeas. Among quantitative characters, leaves/plant, branches/plant and stem girth were highly correlated with both green and dry matter yield, whereas among quality characters, total protein (per cent) showed significant association with digestibility (per cent). Based on path-coefficient analysis, leaves/plant and protein (per cent) were found to be the most important component characters. These two characters were also highly correlated at both the genotypic and phenotypic level and, therefore, selection based on leaves/plant is likely to be useful for simultaneous improvements in yield and quality of fodder in cowpeas.
Effects of Cutting Lengths on Sweet Potato Yields in Sierra Leone
Authors: Godfrey-Sam-Aggrey W. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYEffects of cutting lengths on tuber yields and vine production of Missus and Madam sweet potatoes, as influenced by two different fertilizer regimes, were studied on Njala upland soils of Sierra Leone. Cuttings 61 cm. long gave significantly the highest tuber yields for both early-maturing cultivars when fertilized with 336 kg. sulphate of ammonia, 112 kg. basic slag, 448 kg. sulphate of potash, 841 kg. lime and 340 kg. sulphate of magnesium per ha. in two split applications a month apart. Fertilized with 502 kg./ha. sulphate of ammonia per application for 4 applications, 61 cm. long cuttings again gave the highest vine production. The lower the vine/tuber ratio, the higher the tuber yield.
Undersowing Rice (Oryza sativa) with Stylosanthes guyanensis. I. Plant Density
Authors: Shelton H. M. , Humphreys L. R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYUpland rice and Stylosanthes guyanensis were sown simultaneously in pure and mixed culture at varying densities at Na Pheng, central Laos. Vegetative growth of the rice was negatively related to stylo density over the range o to 81 stylo plants/m.2 Rice grain yield varied from 98·4 gm./m.2 in monoculture to 63·4 gm./m.2 when grown with 81 stylo plants/m.2 Rice was more competitive than stylo, but stylo growth was relatively independent of rice density over the range 20 to 120 rice plants/m.2
Undersowing Rice (Oryza sativa) with Stylosanthes guyanensis. II. Delayed Sowing Time and Crop Variety
Authors: Shelton H. M. , Humphreys L. R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYSimultaneous undersowing of upland rice with Stylosanthes guyanensis at Khon Kaen, north-east Thailand did not affect vegetative growth of rice but reduced grain yield by 19 per cent. Grain yield was not significantly affected if stylo undersowing was delayed by 10 days. Stylo growth was reduced by one half by delayed sowing and was negatively related to dry matter yield of rice variety.
Undersowing Rice (Oryza sativa) with Stylosanthes guyanensis. III. Nitrogen Supply
Authors: Shelton H. M. , Humphreys L. R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe growth and nitrogen yield of Stylosanthes guyanensis undersown with upland rice were negatively related to level of urea application at Khon Kaen, north-east Thailand. In the absence of applied urea the nitrogen yield of rice monoculture was 3·3 gm./m.2 whilst the addition of stylo increased nitrogen yield of the association to 9·6 gm./m.2 Stylo was initially dominated by rice but exploited environmental growth factors more effectively in the latter part of the growing season, accentuating competition for water and phosphorus. Simultaneous stylo and rice sowing reduced rice grain yield by 12 per cent, the greatest reduction occurring at a low level of urea application, mainly due to abortion of spikelets after panicle exsertion.
Nutrient Requirements of Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) in S.W. Nigeria. I. Effects of N, P and K on Yields
Authors: Sobulo R. A. , Fayemi A. A. , Agboola A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe response of tomatoes to applied N, P and K was determined in six trials in the forest and savannah zones of Nigeria. In the savannah area, N was the most deficient nutrient, with an optimum level of 60 kg. N/ha., while P and K were required at lower rates of between 20–60 kg. P2O5 and K2O/ha. depending on initial soil nutrient status and moisture availability. In forest soils developed from sedimentary rocks, P requirement was high (120 kg. P2O5/ha.) and response to N was small, but K could be important on the well-drained soils in this area because of low K reserves (0·1 per cent total K) compared with soils from igneous rocks in the savannah with more than 0·6 per cent total K. The potential of the savannah for large-scale tomato production is discussed, as well as factors limiting yields in Western State of Nigeria.
Nutrient Requirements of Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) in S. W. Nigeria. II. Foliar Analysis for Assessing N, P and K Requirements
Authors: Sobulo R. A. , Fayemi A. A. , Agboola A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe fifth leaf of tomato plants sampled at the early flowering stage (seventh to eighth week after sowing) gave good assessments of N, P and K requirements of the tomato crop growing in the field but total N was less useful than nitrate-nitrogen for diagnosing nitrogen needs. The levels of critical N, P and K in the crop were 0·4 per cent NO3-N, 0·4 per cent P and 4 per cent K, with severe deficiencies when levels were less than 0·1, 0·15 and 2 per cent respectively.
Correlations, Path Analyses and Selection Indices for Castorbean (Ricinus communis L.)
Authors: Salih S. H. , Khidir M. O. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYGenotypic correlations and path coefficients were used to determine the importance of various characters as components of yield in castorbean. Number of primary branches per plant and 100-seed weight had high positive correlations with yield per plant and with each other. Oil content was significantly and positively correlated with 100-seed weight. The path analysis revealed that number of clusters per plant, number of branches, height at maturity and yield of the first spike had the highest direct effect on yield per plant. Sixteen selection indices were constructed using these four yield components, the index combining all four being about 54 per cent more efficient than straight selection based on yield alone.
Effects of Lime and Fertilizer on Natural Pastures in Brazil
Authors: Olsen F. J. , Santos G. L. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe application of lime to natural pastures in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, did not increase herbage yields, but nitrogen fertilizer, alone and in combination with phosphorus fertilizer, enhanced dry matter productivity significantly. Dry matter yields of the natural pasture were more than doubled at the highest fertilizer rate, though the botanical composition of the sward was only modified slightly by various lime and fertilizer treatments.
Resistance of 20 Cultivars of Onions (Allium cepa) to Rotting and Sprouting during High-Temperature Storage
Authors: Stow J. R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYBulbs of 20 onion cultivars were stored at 30°C and assessed for rotting and sprouting. No evidence of heritable resistance to high-temperature rotting was found, but the suppression of sprouting by high temperatures appeared to be a common character of onion cultivars.
Effects of Cycocel on Crop Plants in Sierra Leone I. Groundnut (Arachis hypogea)
Authors: Das Gupta D. K. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe response of groundnut plants to CCC was investigated by applying concentrations of 0, 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm three times as a foliar spray. CCC at 500 ppm gave more kernels, and heavier yields of pods, kernels and oil, than 1000 or 1500 ppm or the control treatment. Application of CCC resulted in a greater percentage of shell and of moisture in the whole pod than in the control.
Effects of Sowing Date on Growth, Development and Yield of Photosensitive Sorghum at Samaru, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Kassam A. H. , Andrews D. J. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYPerformance of Short Kaura, a photosensitive Nigerian sorghum, was compared at Samaru in ten sowings in 1972. Except for a two-week interval between the fifth and sixth sowings, all sowings were at weekly intervals from 12 May to 21 July. Total dry weight and grain yield decreased with delay in sowing after 26 May at the rate of 1700 kg.ha.−1 week−1 and 360 kg. ha.−1 week−1 respectively. Each week's delay in sowing after 12 May shortened the total growth cycle by 5·9 to 6·0 days, with 77 to 78 per cent in the vegetative phase, 7 to 8 per cent in the head development phase and 14 to 16 per cent in the grain filling phase. Although the date of head initiation seemed to be determined by photoperiod, sowing date also had a small but definite effect.
Rainfall Characteristics and Soil Erosion in the Rainforest Area of Western Nigeria
Authors: Wilkinson Guy E. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYPrecipitation in Western Nigeria is principally from thunderstorms with sharp, high-intensity rainfall peaks. The time of occurrence of the peak intensity period in a rainstorm has an influence on whether or not runoff occurs in smaller storms. Runoff and soil loss on bare, cultivated Iwo soil are closely related to an EI30 erosivity index, modified by the time-position of the peak intensity. The soil erodibility factor in the universal soil-loss equation could be reasonably estimated from easily measured soil parameters.
Effect of Nitrogen on Nodulation and Yield of Soybean
Authors: Olsen F. J. , Hamilton G. , Elkins D. M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYNitrogen fertilizer applied to the surface of the soil in the field did not increase the yield of Bragg soybeans, and at higher levels reduced it, but may or may not significantly reduce soybean nodulation and plant height. In a pot experiment, there was evidence that deeply applied N increased plant height and dry weight of a non-nodulating isoline of Clark soybeans 46 days after planting.