bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implant survival in mandibles of irradiated oral cancer patients
Authors: Yerit Kaan C. , Posch Martin , Seemann Maximilian , Hainich Sibylle , Dörtbudak Orhun , Turhani Dritan , Özyuvaci Hakan , Watzinger Franz , Ewers Rolf 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to analyze long‐term implant survival in the mandible after radiotherapy and radical surgery in oral cancer patients.Study design: Between 1990 and 2003, 71 patients (15 females, 56 males; average age 57.8 years, range 16–84.1 years) were treated with dental implants after radiochemotherapy and ablative surgery of oral cancer. Radiation therapy was delivered in daily fractions of 2 Gy given on 25 days (total dose of 50 Gy). Oral defects were reconstructed microsurgically with jejunal, iliac crest or radial forearm grafts. Thereafter 316 dental implants were placed in the non‐irradiated residual bone (84; 27%), irradiated residual bone (154; 49%) or grafted bone (78; 25%) at various intervals (mean interval 1.41 (±1.01) years, range 0.34–6.35 years).Results: The mean follow‐up time after implant insertion was 5.42 (±3.21) years (range 0.3–13.61 years). The overall 2‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 8‐year survival rates of all implants were 95%, 94%, 91% and 75%. Forty‐four implants were lost in 21 patients during the observation period. Irradiation of the mandibular bone showed significantly (P=0.0028) lower implant survival compared with non‐irradiated mandibular bone. The 8‐year survival rate in the non‐irradiated residual bone (two loss), irradiated residual bone (29 loss) or grafted bone (13 loss) were 95%, 72% and 54%, respectively. Time of implantation after irradiation showed no statistically significant influence. Implant brand, length or diameter or the incidence of resective surgery on the mandible and gender of patients had no statistically significant influence on implant survival.Conclusion: Radiation therapy with 50 Gy was significantly related to shorter implant survival in mandibular bone. Survival was lowest in grafted bone. Time of implant placement had no statistically significant influence on survival under the conditions of this study. Although implant survival is lower in irradiated mandibles, implants significantly facilitate prosthodontic treatment and enhance outcome of oral rehabilitation in cancer patients.
A Systematic Review of the Safety and Effectiveness of Restraint and Seclusion as Interventions for the Short‐Term Management of Violence in Adult Psychiatric Inpatient Settings and Emergency Departments
Authors: Nelstrop Louise , Chandler‐Oatts Jackie , Bingley William , Bleetman Tony , Corr Frank , Cronin‐Davis Jane , Fraher Donna‐Maria , Hardy Phil , Jones Sophie , Gournay Kevin , Johnston Sue , Pereira Stephen , Pratt Peter , Tucker Rick , Tsuchiya Aki 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACT Aims: The aim of this review was to assess whether restraint and seclusion are safe and effective interventions for the short‐term management of disturbed/violent behaviour. Staff and service user perspectives on the use of these interventions were also considered. The review was undertaken as part of the development process for a national guideline on the short‐term management of disturbed/violent behaviour in adult psychiatric inpatient settings and emergency departments in the United Kingdom. Method: An exhaustive literature search was undertaken. Systematic reviews, before and after studies, as well as qualitative studies were included. Searches were run from 1985 to 2002. Findings: Thirty‐six eligible studies were identified. However, none were randomised controlled trials. Most of the included studies had many limitations, such as small sample sizes, confounders not adequately accounted for, potential selection bias, poorly reported results, and lack of clarity as to whether mechanical restraints were used. This review must therefore be viewed as a mapping exercise, which illustrates the range and quality of studies that have been undertaken in this area to date. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: Insufficient evidence is available to determine whether seclusion and restraint are safe and/or effective interventions for the short‐term management of disturbed/violent behaviour in adult psychiatric inpatient settings. These interventions should therefore be used with caution and only as a last resort once other methods of calming a situation and/or service user have failed. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing 2006; 3(1):8‐18
Patient Choice: An Influencing Factor on Policy‐Related Research to Decrease Bedrail Use as Physical Restraint
Authors: Ralphs‐Thibodeau Sylvia , Knoefel Frank , Benjamin Kathleen , Leclerc Anne , Pisterman Susan , Sohmer Jane , Scrim Carmel 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACT Background: This paper shows patients' enactment of choice in mixed methods, multidisciplinary study on the use of bedrails as restraints. Approach: Under the pressure of the implementation of impending legislation, patients from a Canadian elderly care rehabilitation unit were recruited to be part of this study and assigned to either a study or control group. Study group patients were exposed to a new facility policy on restraints in which bedrails were not to be used on a patient's bed except under specified conditions. Patients in the control group continued to have bedrails on a routine basis according to the facility's old policy. Following group assignments, patients could choose to crossover to either the control or study group based on their opinions about bedrails. Findings: After patients crossed over into either the study or control group, findings for the new groups differed significantly. Participants in the rails‐up group had lower admission Functional Independence Measure scores (p = .001) and higher admission Cumulative Illness Rating scores (p = .000) compared to those in the rails‐down group. Conclusions: Patients have specific concerns related to the use of bedrails that might affect implementing bedrail minimization policies. Additionally, the authors conclude that patients' input into research design may increase patients' support of the protocol and help maintain study integrity. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing 2006; 3(1):31‐39
No evidence for association of the TP53 12139 and the BAX−248 polymorphisms with endemic pemphigus foliaceus (fogo selvagem)
Authors: Köhler K. F. , Petzl‐Erler M. L. 
Published: March 2006

SummaryPemphigus foliaceus (PF) is an autoimmune bullous epidermal disease, characterized by autoantibodies specific to the desmosomal protein desmoglein 1 (dsg1) and by acantholysis, the rupture of the cellular junctions among keratinocytes. Known also as fogo selvagem (wild fire) in Brazil, the disease has distinct epidemiological characteristics, being endemic in certain regions of South America. It is a multifactorial (complex) disease, with oligo‐ or polygenic disease susceptibility. In view of the previously reported evidences of a role for apoptosis dysregulation in pemphigus pathogenesis, we hypothesized that genetic variants of molecules participating in apoptosis may contribute to interindividual variation of susceptibility to PF. The TP53 12139(G,C) and the BAX−248(G,A) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were analysed in a genetic association study. The allelic, genotypic and allele carrier frequencies for these SNPs did not differ statistically between the patient and the control groups, for both the Euro‐ and the Afro‐Brazilian population strata. The results of this study lead us to conclude that, although the TP53 and BAX alleles analysed differ functionally, this variation does not alter the functionality of the molecules in a way that would interfere with the development of the disease.
Climate Signals from Tree Ring Chronologies of the Upper and Lower Treelines in the Dulan Region of the Northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Lu‐San , Shao Xue‐Mei , Liang Er‐Yuan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe radial growth of trees in mountainous areas is subject to environmental conditions associated with changes in elevation. To assess the sensitivity of tree‐ring growth to climate variation over a wide range of elevations, we compared the chronological characteristics of Sabina przewalskii Kom. and their relationships with climatic variables at the upper and lower treelines in the Dulan region of the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. It was found that the radial growth in this region was controlled primarily by precipitation in late spring and early summer (from May to June). In addition, a higher temperature from April to June could intensify drought stress and lead to narrow tree rings. The significant similarity in climate‐tree growth relationships at both the upper and lower treelines indicated that tree rings of S. przewalskii in this region are able to provide common regional climate information. However, the chronologies at the lower forest limits showed a higher standard deviation and more significant correlations with climatic factors, suggesting that the radial growth there was more significantly influenced by climate variation. The first principal component of the four chronologies showed a common growth response to local climate. The second principal component showed a contrasting growth response between different sampling sites. The third principal component revealed different growth patterns in response to altitudinal variation. Further analysis indicated that the precipitation in late spring and early summer controlled the growth of S. przewalskii on a regional scale and that other factors, such as microenvironment at the sampling sites, also affected the strength of the climatic response of tree growth.(Managing editor: Wei Wang)
Molecular Tagging and Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Lint Percentage and Morphological Marker Genes in Upland Cotton
Authors: Guo Wang‐Zhen , Ma Guo‐Jia , Zhu Yi‐Chao , Yi Chen‐Xin , Zhang Tian‐Zhen 
Published: March 2006

AbstractUsing 219 F2 individuals developed by crossing the genetic standard line TM‐1 and the multiple dominant marker line T586 in Gossypium hirsutum L., a genetic linkage map with 19 linkage groups was constructed based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Compared with our tetraploid backboned molecular genetic map from a(TM‐1 × Hai 7124) × TM‐1 BC1 population, 17 of the 19 linkage groups were combined and anchored to 12 chromosomes (sub‐genomes). Of these groups, four morphological marker genes in T586 had been mapped into the molecular linkage map. Meanwhile, three quantitative trait loci for lint percentage were tagged and mapped separately on the A03 linkage group and chromosome 6.(Managing editor: Li‐Hui Zhao)
Norditerpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum spicatum Stapf
Authors: Gao Li‐Ming , Yan Hai‐Yan , He Yang‐Qing , Wei Xiao‐Mei 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTo search for pharmacologically and structurally interesting substances from traditional Chinese medicines, we investigated the chemical compounds of Aconitum spicatum Stapf. Two new norditerpenoid alkaloids, namely spicatine A (compound 1) and spicatine B (compound 2), as well as 11 known norditerpenoid alkaloids were isolated from the CHCl3 portion of the 90% ethanol extract of the roots of A. spicatum. The structures of the alkaloids were characterized on the basis of their spectral data. One of the isolated compounds showed significant cytotoxic activities (IC50 values < 200 μmol/L) against the HL‐60 cell line.(Managing editor: Wei Wang)
A Novel Flavonoid Glucoside from Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl.
Authors: He Chun‐Nian , Wang Chun‐Lan , Guo Shun‐Xing , Yang Jun‐Shan , Xiao Pei‐Gen 
Published: March 2006

AbstractEight compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate‐ and n‐butanol‐soluble fractions of the ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. (Orchidaceae). On the basis of spectroscopic methods, the structures of these compounds were elucidated as quercetin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐[6”‐O‐(trans‐feruloyl)]‐glucopyranoside (compound 1), 8‐C‐p‐Hydroxybenzylquercetin (compound 2), isorhamnetin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (compound 3), isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (compound 4), kaempferol‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (compound 5), kaempferol‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (compound 6), 5‐hydroxy‐3′,4′,7‐trimethoxyflavonol‐3‐O‐β‐D‐rutinoside (compound 7), and isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐rutinoside (compound 8). Of the compounds isolated, compound 1 was a new flavonoid glucoside and exhibited strong scavenging activity against the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl free radical, whereas the ethanolic extract showed weak activity. Compounds 2–8 were obtained from this family for the first time.(Managing editor: Wei Wang)
Growth, Gas Exchange, Abscisic Acid, and Calmodulin Response to Salt Stress in Three Poplars
Authors: Chang Yu , Chen Shao‐Liang , Yin Wei‐Lun , Wang Rui‐Gang , Liu Yan‐Feng , Shi Yong , Shen Yuan‐Yuan , Li Yue , Jiang Jie , Liu Yue 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the effects of increasing salinity on growth, gas exchange, abscisic acid (ABA), calmodulin (CaM), and the relevance to salt tolerance in seedlings of Populus euphratica Oliv. and cuttings of P. “pupularis 35–44” (P. popularis) and P. x euramericana cv. I‐214 (P. cv. Italica). The relative growth rates of shoot height (RGRH) for P. cv. Italica and P. popularis were severely reduced by increasing salt stress, whereas the growth reduction was relatively less in P. euphratica. Similarly, P. euphratica maintained higher net photosynthetic rates (Pn) and unit transpiration rates (TRN) than P. cv. Italica and P. popularis under conditions of higher salinity. Salinity caused a significant increase in leaf ABA and CaM in the three genotypes after the onset of stress, but NaCl‐induced ABA and CaM accumulation was more pronounced in P. euphratica, suggesting that P. euphratica plants are more sensitive in sensing soil salinity than the other two poplars. Furthermore, P. euphratica maintained relatively higher ABA and CaM concentrations under conditions of high salinity. The higher capacity to synthesize stress signals, namely ABA and CaM, in P. euphratica and the contribution of this to the salt resistance of P. euphratica are discussed.(Managing editor: Ping He)
Biochemical Properties and Inhibition Kinetics of Phosphatase from Wheat Thylakoid Membranes
Authors: Fei Mei‐Juan , Chen Jian‐Sheng , Wang Xiao‐Yun 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA phosphatase that hydrolyses phosphate monoesters has been isolated from wheat thylakoid membranes. Biochemical properties and inhibition kinetics of the phosphatase were investigated using several ions, organic solvents, and inhibitors. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. PH82‐2‐2) thylakoid membrane phosphatase activity was activated by Mg2+, Ca2+, and Fe2+ and was inhibited by Mn2+ and Cu2+. For example, enzyme activity was activated 34.81% by 2 mmol/L Mg2+, but was inhibited 22.3% and 8.5% by 2 and 1 mmol/L Cu2+, respectively. Methanol, ethanol and glycol were all able to activate enzyme activity. Enzyme activity was activated 58.5%, 48.2%, and 8.7% by 40% ethanol, methanol and glycol, respectively. From these results, it can be seen that the degree of activation of the phosphatase was greatest for ethanol and the type of activation was uncompetitive. Moreover, the activity of the thylakoid membrane phosphatase was inhibited by molybdate, vanadate, phosphate, and fluoride and the type of inhibition produced by these elements was uncompetitive, non‐competitive, competitive and mixed, respectively.(Managing editor: Ping He)
Genetic Analysis and Gene‐Mapping of Two Reduced‐Culm‐Number Mutants in Rice
Authors: Jiang Hua , Guo Long‐Biao , Xue Da‐Wei , Zeng Da‐Li , Zhang Guang‐Heng , Dong Guo‐Jun , Gu Ming‐Hong , Qian Qian 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn the present study, in order to systematically dissect the genetic mechanism of rice (Oryza sativa L.) tilling for the super rice ideotype and the model system of branching development, two ethyl methane sulfonate‐induced rice reduced‐culm‐number (rcn) mutants from the progeny of Nippobare (O. sativa ssp. japonica), namely rcn8 and rcn9, were used. Their maximum tillers were both less than 4. In addition, rcn9 had another major feature of rust‐spotted leaves. Allelic tests between these two mutants and seven other recessive few‐tiller mutants revealed that they were previously unknown loci. Genetic analysis showed that the rcn traits were all controlled by a pair of different recessive genes, designated as RCN8 and RCN9, respectively. Two F2 populations derived from crosses between the rcn8 or rcn9 mutants and 93–11 were constructed. Linkage analysis using two rcn F2 mapping populations with published simple sequence repeat markers demonstrated that the RCN8 and RCN9 genes were mapped on the long arm of chromosome 1 (119.6 cM) and the short arm of chromosome 6 (63.6 cM), respectively. The results of the present study are beneficial to map‐based cloning and functional analysis of the RCN8 and RCN9 genes.(Managing editor: Li‐Hui Zhao)
Construction and Characterization of a cDNA Library from the Pulp of Cara Cara Navel Orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck)
Authors: Tao Neng‐Guo , Xu Juan , Cheng Yun‐Jiang , Deng Xiu‐Xin 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA cDNA library was constructed and characterized from the pulp of Cara Cara navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) at different stages of ripening. Tittering results revealed that approximately 5.086 × 105 independent clones were included in this library. Electrophoresis gel results of 15 randomly selected clones revealed that the size of the insertion fragments ranged from 400 bp to 2 kb, with an average size of 900 bp. Sequencing results of 150 randomly picked clones showed that the recombination rate was 94%. During subsequent sequence analysis, 41 of 139 clones failed to be identified and the amino sequence of 71 clones shared less than 30% identity with related plants in GenBank. Of 27 clones whose amino sequences shared more than 60% identity with other related plants in GenBank, 17 clones showed an 80% identity with the corresponding candidate genes of citrus. The clone recognized as the type III metallothionein‐like (MT) gene was observed to occur 13 times, indicating that the protein may play an important role in fruit development and ripening.(Managing editor: Li‐Hui Zhao)
Phenotypic Characterization of a Female Sterile Mutant in Rice
Authors: Li Shuang‐Cheng , Yang Li , Deng Qi‐Ming , Wang Shi‐Quan , Wu Fa‐Qiang , Li Ping 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA female sterile mutant, derived from a spontaneous mutation, was first discovered in rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) restorer line 202R. With normal flowering, the mutant exhibits an extremely low seed‐setting rate. When the mutant is crossed as a pollen donor, the seeds set normally; whereas when it is used as a pollen receiver, no seeds are obtained even with mixed pollen grains of different varieties sprinkled over the stigmas. The floret of the mutant, consisting of six stamens and one pistil, looks the same as that of the wild type in the male‐female organs, except that less than 10% of the mutant florets have three stigmas on the ovary. Although the mutant has a low seed‐setting rate, its pollen fertility is approximately 87.1%, which is equal to that of the wild type. In addition, more than 90% of the mature embryo sacs of the mutant have complete inner structures. At every stage after pollination, the sperm, embryo, and endosperm are not found in the mutant embryo sac, whereas the disintegration of the egg cell that does not accomplish fertilization is visible. Through observations with a fluorescence microscope, we have found that the pollen grains germinate normally, whereas the pollen tube abnormally elongates in the style‐transmitting tissue. The mutant pollen tubes display various defects in the style, such as slower elongation, conversed elongation, distorted elongation, swollen tips, or branched tips. As a result, the growth of the pollen tubes ceases in the style, and, therefore, the pollen tubes cannot reach the embryo sac and the process of double fertilization is blocked. Based on these observations, we conclude that this mutant, designated as fs‐202R, is a novel type of female sterile mutation in rice, which causes the arrest of the elongation of the pollen tube.(Managing editor: Wei Wang)
Identification of Festuca arundinacea Schreb Cat1 Catalase Gene and Analysis of its Expression Under Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Yang Wen‐Long , Liu Jing‐Mei , Chen Fan , Liu Qiang , Gong Yan‐Dao , Zhao Nan‐Ming 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAbiotic stresses, such as drought, high salinity, and cold/freezing, lead plants to produce excess reactive oxygen species. Catalase, a unique hydrogen peroxide‐scavenging enzyme, plays a very important role in plants. To characterize the catalase involved in plant response to abiotic stresses, we constructed a cDNA library from 4 °C‐treated Festuca arundinacea Schreb seedlings and isolated a catalase gene from this library. The cDNA (FaCat1, 1 735 bp) contained an open reading frame of 1 479 bp. BLAST analysis indicated that the deduced amino acid sequence showed 96% identity with that from wheat TaCat1 and 87% identity with that from maize ZmCat2. Northern blotting analysis showed an obvious increase of FaCat1 transcripts in leaves in contrast with roots. Time‐course analysis of the expression of FaCat1 in F. arundinacea leaves showed that FaCat1 expression was upregulated in cold‐ and salt‐stressed leaves, with the FaCat1 transcripts accumulating mostly at 4 or 2 h after cold or salt stress, respectively. No significant changes in FaCat1 transcription were observed in dried leaves and inhibition of FaCat1 transcription was found in abscisic acid (ABA)‐treated leaves, indicating that the FaCat1 gene is differentially expressed during cold, high salt, drought, and ABA treatment in F. arundinacea leaves.(Managing editor: Li‐Hui Zhao)
Authors, Intentions and Literary Meaning
Authors: Irvin Sherri 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis article discusses the relationship (or lack thereof) between authors’ intentions and the meaning of literary works. It considers the advantages and disadvantages of Extreme and Modest Actual Intentionalism, Conventionalism, and two versions of Hypothetical Intentionalism, and discusses the role that one's theoretical commitments about the robustness of linguistic conventions and the publicity of literary works should play in determining which view one accepts.
Experimental
Measurements of the Flow and Heat Transfer of a Square Jet Impinging on an Array of Square Pin
Fins
Authors: Issa Johnny
S. , Ortega Alfonso 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The flow behavior and heat transfer due to free air jet impingement on pin fin heat sinks was experimentally studied. Flow velocities and tip clearance ratios were varied from 2to20m∕s and 0 to 1, respectively. The stagnation pressure recovered at the center of the heat sink was higher for tall pins than for short pins. The pressure loss coefficient showed little dependence on Re, increased with increasing pin density and pin diameter, and decreased with increasing pin height and clearance ratio. The overall base-to-ambient thermal resistance decreased with increasing Re number, pin density, and pin diameter.