bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CpGFuse: a holistic approach for accurate identification of methylation states of DNA CpG sites
Authors: Park Sehi , To Chong Kil , Tayara Hilal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Anomalous DNA methylation has wide-ranging implications, spanning from neurological disorders to cancer and cardiovascular complications. Current methods for single-cell DNA methylation analysis face limitations in coverage, leading to information loss and hampering our understanding of disease associations. The primary goal of this study is the imputation of CpG site methylation states in a given cell by leveraging the CpG states of other cells of the same type. To address this, we introduce CpGFuse, a novel methodology that combines information from diverse genomic features. Leveraging two benchmark datasets, we employed a careful preprocessing approach and conducted a comprehensive ablation study to assess the individual and collective contributions of DNA sequence, intercellular, and intracellular features. Our proposed model, CpGFuse, employs a convolutional neural network with an attention mechanism, surpassing existing models across HCCs and HepG2 datasets. The results highlight the effectiveness of our approach in enhancing accuracy and providing a robust tool for CpG site prediction in genomics. CpGFuse’s success underscores the importance of integrating multiple genomic features for accurate identification of methylation states of CpG site.
Construction of unsymmetrical open-cage silsesquioxanes
Authors: Yonezawa Honoka , Okamoto Keigo , Naka Kensuke , Imoto Hiroaki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The introduction of chirality into siloxanes is crucial for applications in chiral separation, recognition, and reaction environments. Cage silsesquioxanes, with their distinct 3D structures, offer great potential in this field. Here, we utilized corner-opened polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane to construct unsymmetrical structures with cage-centered chirality. The three silanol groups of commercially available corner-opened polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes were functionalized through a stepwise process. Efficient synthesis was achieved by selecting chlorosilanes with appropriate steric hindrance.
Sepsis after Trauma—Evolving Paradigms in Stress Biology and Host Response Failure
Authors: Dickmann Petra , Claus Ralf A , Bauer Michael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Severe trauma is often complicated by subsequent infection and organ dysfunction, with sepsis being a major mortality risk factor. Factors such as barrier destruction, wound contamination, invasive procedures, injury severity, and shock were traditionally considered primary predisposing elements for post-trauma sepsis. However, recent advances in stress biology have revealed a more nuanced understanding of the body's response to trauma. Organisms have evolved adaptive responses to various noxious stimuli that follow a biphasic pattern: Low to moderate stress levels can increase resilience, while overwhelming insults, both acute and chronic, overstrain the body’s coping mechanisms and are known as allostatic overload, hallmarked by maladaptive responses. An illustrative example of this concept is the body's response to iron ion exposure following trauma, transfusion, or haemolysis. Iron ions, at low levels, induce adaptive Nrf2-dependent responses, such as haem oxygenase gene expression. However, high concentrations or prolonged exposure can lead to cellular damage and organ failure, e.g. through the production of highly reactive free radicals. This biphasic pattern highlights the complex interplay between protective and harmful responses in post-trauma physiology. Whereas tools such as the SOFA score allow to measure severity of organ dysfunction, no metrics for quantifying the intensity of "stress" over time are available. As cumulative stress is a crucial outcome-associated factor in trauma care, the development of adequate indicators could significantly enhance our understanding and management of post-trauma complications, arising from secondary surgical interventions, transfusion management or metabolic derangements. This evolving perspective on stress biology in the severely injured host underscores the need for a more comprehensive approach to patient assessment and treatment in critical care settings, to identify and to decrease stress load with the aim to prevent life-threatening complications, such as sepsis, and ultimately improve outcomes.
Design and magnetic properties of molecular cuprate spin ladders
Authors: Manabe Jun , Nishihara Sadafumi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Spin ladders are quasi-one-dimensional magnetic structures that occupy an intermediate position between the two-dimensional spin lattices of cuprate superconductors and one-dimensional chain. Spin ladders with an even number of legs are of particular interest due to their potential to exhibit superconductivity upon hole doping. Molecular cuprate spin ladders, wherein Cu2+ ions (S = 1/2) are linked by ligands, feature spatially isolated ladder structures. This review highlights research on molecular cuprate spin ladders, focusing on the coordination structures of copper complexes.
Obesity, Sarcopenia, Sarcopenic Obesity, and Hypertension: Mediating Role of Inflammation and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Zou Yuanlin , Ye Hua , Xu Ziqing , Yang Qian , Zhu Jicun , Li Tiandong , Cheng Yifan , Zhu Yongjian , Zhang Junxi , Bo Yacong , Wang Peng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to assess the association between obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity with hypertension and to explore the potential mediation of inflammation indicators and insulin resistance.

Methods
Data from the UK Biobank, a large-scale prospective cohort, were utilized. Obesity was defined using percentage of fat mass, whereas sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass and low muscle strength. The primary outcome assessed was new-onset hypertension within a 5-year follow-up period. The association analysis was examined using a Cox regression model.

Results
A total of 183 091 participants were enrolled in this study. During 5 years of follow-up, 3 812 (2.08%) developed hypertension. In the fully adjusted model, compared to men without these conditions, those with obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity had 2.32 times (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.12–2.55), 3.10 times (95% CI, 2.35–4.08), and 3.66 times (95% CI, 2.98–4.50) higher risks of developing hypertension, respectively. Women with obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity had 2.27 times (95% CI, 2.03–2.54), 2.93 times (95% CI, 1.95–4.39), and 4.04 times (95% CI, 3.32–4.91) higher risks of hypertension, respectively. Significant mediating effects of C-reactive protein, neutrophils, white blood cells, triglyceride-glucose index, and triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were found, with mediations ranging from 6% to 13% for men and 2% to 21% for women in the association between sarcopenic obesity and hypertension.

Conclusions
Obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity significantly increased the risk of hypertension. Inflammation and insulin resistance appeared to mediate the association between sarcopenic obesity and hypertension.
Long and Accurate: How HiFi Sequencing is Transforming Genomics
Authors: Wang Bo , Jia Peng , Gao Shenghan , Zhao Huanhuan , Zheng Gaoyang , Xu Linfeng , Ye Kai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recent developments in PacBio high-fidelity (HiFi) sequencing technologies have transformed genomic research, with circular consensus sequencing now achieving 99.9% accuracy for long (up to 25 kb) single-molecule reads. This method circumvents biases intrinsic to amplification-based approaches, enabling thorough analysis of complex genomic regions [including tandem repeats, segmental duplications, ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays, and centromeres] as well as direct detection of base modifications, furnishing both sequence and epigenetic data concurrently. This has streamlined a number of tasks including genome assembly, variant detection, and full-length transcript analysis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications and challenges of HiFi sequencing across various fields, including genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenetics. By delineating the evolving landscape of HiFi sequencing in multi-omics research, we highlight its potential to deepen our understanding of genetic mechanisms and to advance precision medicine.
Identifying supermassive black hole recoil in elliptical galaxies
Authors: Rawlings Alexander , Keitaanranta Atte , Mattero Max , Soininen Sonja , Wright Ruby J , Kallioinen Noa , Liao Shihong , Rantala Antti , Johansson Peter H , Naab Thorsten , Irodotou Dimitrios 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
We study stellar core growth in simulations of merging massive ($M_\star \gt 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) elliptical galaxies by a supermassive black hole (SMBH) displaced by gravitational wave induced recoil velocity. With controlled, dense sampling of the SMBH recoil velocity, we find the core radius originally formed by SMBH binary scouring can grow by a factor of 2–3 when the recoil velocity exceeds $\sim 50$ per cent of the central escape velocity, and the mass deficit grows by up to a factor of $\sim 4$. Using Bayesian inference we predict the distribution of stellar core sizes formed through this process to peak at $\sim 1\, \mathrm{kpc}$. An orbital decomposition of stellar particles within the core reveals that radial orbits dominate over tube orbits when the recoil velocity exceeds the velocity dispersion of the core, whereas tube orbits dominate for the lowest recoil kicks. A change in orbital structure is reflected in the anisotropy parameter, with a central tangential bias present only for recoil velocities less than the local stellar velocity dispersion. Emulating current integral field unit observations of the stellar line-of-sight velocity distribution, we uncover a distinct signature in the Gauss–Hermite symmetric deviation coefficient $h_4$ that uniquely constrains the core size due to binary scouring. This signature is insensitive to the later evolution of the stellar mass distribution due to SMBH recoil. Our results provide a novel method to estimate the SMBH recoil magnitude from observations of local elliptical galaxies, and implies these galaxies primarily experienced recoil velocities less than the stellar velocity dispersion of the core.
Is Seeing Cigarettes in the Retail Environment Associated With Impulse Purchases? Findings From Surveys in Disadvantaged and Non-disadvantaged Neighborhoods in the Netherlands
Authors: Poole Nikita L , van den Brand Floor A , Willemsen Marc C , Nagelhout Gera E 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The retail environment plays an important role in impulse purchase behavior. This study aims to examine the extent to which different sources of exposure to tobacco in the Dutch retail environment are associated with impulse purchases of tobacco. We investigate whether this association differs based on neighborhood disadvantage, demographic and smoking characteristics.

Aims and Methods
We employed a cross-sectional online survey design among 1223 Dutch adults who smoke from a probability-based panel database, with half residing in a disadvantaged neighborhood. We conducted multiple logistic regression analyses for impulse purchases with six sources of reported tobacco exposure in the retail environment. We tested for interactions with neighborhood disadvantage, demographic and smoking characteristics.

Results
Five sources of exposure were associated with impulse purchases: seeing cigarette packages at the counter or checkout, tobacco advertisements, people smoking by the shop entrance, a friend buying cigarettes and a family member buying cigarettes. We found one significant interaction in the relationship between exposure and impulse purchases by previous quit attempts. Individuals who have attempted or intend to quit, younger respondents, and frequent tobacco purchasers were more likely to be exposed to tobacco and make impulse purchases. Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood was associated with greater exposure to tobacco in the retail environment.

Conclusions
Several sources of exposure to tobacco in the retail environment, most notably seeing cigarettes at the checkout and family buying cigarettes, are associated with impulse tobacco purchases. These findings provide support for limiting the sale of tobacco to specialist shops to prevent impulse purchases.

Implications
This study shows that even with a point-of-sale display ban, several other types of exposure to tobacco in the retail environment may trigger adults who smoke to make an impulse purchase. We provide further evidence that certain groups are at an increased risk of being exposed to tobacco and making impulse purchases. This study provides support for limiting the sale of tobacco to specialist shops. These findings are directly relevant not only for the Netherlands, but for other nations considering their next steps for tobacco control.
CAPI-detect: machine learning in capillaroscopy reveals new variables influencing diagnosis
Authors: Lledó-Ibáñez Gema M , Sáez Comet Luis , Freire Dapena Mayka , Mesa Navas Miguel , Martín Cascón Miguel , Guillén del Castillo Alfredo , Simeon Carmen Pilar , Martinez Robles Elena , Todolí Parra José , Varela Diana Cristina , Maldonado Génesis , Marín Adela , Pérez Abad Laura , Aramburu Jimena , Vela Laura , Ramos Ibáñez Eduardo , del Carmelo Gracia Tello Borja 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) is the gold standard for diagnosing systemic sclerosis (SSc) and differentiating primary from secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. The CAPI-Score algorithm, designed for simplicity, classifies capillaroscopy scleroderma patterns (CSPs) using a limited number of capillary variables. This study aims to develop a more advanced machine learning (ML) model to improve CSP identification by integrating a broader range of statistical variables while minimising examiner-related bias.

Methods
A total of 1,780 capillaroscopies were randomly and blindly analysed by 3–4 trained observers. Consensus was defined as agreement among all but one observer (partial consensus) or unanimous agreement (full consensus). Capillaroscopies with at least partial consensus were used to train ML-based classification models using CatBoost software, incorporating 24 capillary architecture-related variables extracted via automated NVC analysis. Validation sets were employed to assess model performance.

Results
Of the 1,490 capillaroscopies classified with consensus, 515 achieved full consensus. The model, evaluated on partial and full consensus datasets, achieved 0.912, 0.812, and 0.746 accuracy for distinguishing SSc from non-SSc, among SSc patterns, and between normal and non-specific patterns, respectively. When evaluated on full consensus only, accuracy improved to 0.910, 0.925, and 0.933. CAPI-Detect outperformed CAPI-Score, revealing novel capillary variables critical to ML-based classification.

Conclusions
CAPI-Detect, an ML-based model, provides an unbiased, quantitative analysis of capillary structure, shape, size, and density, significantly improving capillaroscopic pattern identification.
Evaluation of a Suicide Prevention Education Program for School Nurses With Emphasis on Willingness to Intervene
Authors: Salt Elizabeth , Cerel Julie , Walmsley Lee Anne , Marfell Julie , Stone Eva , Ballard James , Wiggins Amanda T. , Rayens Mary Kay 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Evidence-based suicide prevention training for school nurses is needed. This study was conducted to evaluate training to improve the willingness of school nurses to intervene in suicide prevention (n = 47) using the Willingness to Intervene Against Suicide Questionnaire. A significant increase was noted in two subscales between baseline and completion of intervention activities two months later: Perceived Behavioral Control (interpersonal self-efficacy, p < .001; intervention self-efficacy, p = .009; seek outside help, p < .001) and Intention (need for action, p = .004; express concern, p < .001; encourage/seek outside help, p = .002; take action, p < .001).
Conservative Management of Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection of the Left Main Coronary Artery: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Ming , Chen Jibin , Lu Xiuyan , Wang Bin , Xia Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a non-atherosclerotic cause of acute coronary syndrome, particularly among young women. A 46-year-old female without a family history of cardiac disease and traditional atherosclerotic risk factors presented to hospital with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Diagnostic coronary angiography revealed moderate stenosis of the left main coronary artery and the left anterior descending artery with blood flow thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grade 3. The left circumflex artery was observed hypoplastic without significant stenosis. Intravascular ultrasound revealed an extensive intramural hematoma from the middle of the left anterior descending branch to the left main trunk and a compressed lumen with intact intima. The patient underwent conservative treatment and remained asymptomatic 11 months after discharge. Repeat coronary computed tomography angiography showed haematoma absorption with stenosis relief. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection of the left main coronary artery is relatively rare. Its management is based on the patient’s clinical condition and lesion characteristics.
Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Failure 2024
Authors:   Chinese Society of Cardiology, Chinese Medical Association; Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physician; Chinese Heart Failure Association of Chinese Medical Doctor Association; Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Cardiology
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the past 6 years, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the treatment of heart failure (HF), especially in drug therapy. The classification of chronic HF and the treatment methods for HF and its complications are also constantly being updated. In order to apply these results to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with HF in China and further improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of HF in China, the HF Group of Chinese Society of Cardiology, Chinese Medical Association, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physician, Chinese HF Association of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Cardiology have organized an expert group and update the consensus and evidence-based treatment methods in the field of HF based on the latest clinical research findings at home and abroad, combined with the national conditions and clinical practice in China, and referring to the latest foreign HF guidelines while maintaining the basic framework of the 2018 Chinese Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of HF.
Continuous Quality Improvement in Social Needs Screening: Evaluation of an Intervention in Bariatric Specialty Care
Authors: Chang Claire , Cooley Samantha , Iott Bradley , Greene Jordan , Muthukuda Dilhara , Tipirneni Renuka 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
With growing recognition of the influence that social risks, such as food insecurity and housing instability, have on individual and population health, social risk screening and social care interventions have proliferated across the health system. Social needs intervention research on screening and referral in specialty care is limited, despite evidence that social needs influence access to and outcomes of surgical and specialty care.

Methods:
This study is a qualitative, formative evaluation of a quality improvement-oriented social needs screening and referral pilot program implemented in a bariatric surgery practice and aims to share lessons related to the structure and process components of a quality improvement (QI) framework.

Results:
Semistructured interviews revealed variation in patient eligibility for resources and highlighted the need for enhanced staff capacity and data system integration. In addition, process-related themes including patient hesitation toward referrals, variability in screening pathways, and uncertainty surrounding communication practices emerged in qualitative analyses.

Conclusions:
Implementation of social needs screening and referral programs in specialty care setting is feasible but requires unique structure and process-related considerations. Incorporating QI infrastructure into these programs allows for continuous evaluation of program processes and can be used to evaluate the impact of these programs on health outcomes.
Using Broken Windows Theory to Examine Flow Disruptions in Surgical Care: A Multispecialty Comparison
Authors: Khan Asfandyar , Shappell Scott A. , Boquet Albert J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Minimally invasive innovations enhance procedural technology. However, healthcare quality demands addressing mental and physical workloads. This study analyzes flow disruptions uncovering specialty-specific patterns and systemic weaknesses, to enhance quality, processes, and patient safety.

Methods:
Twenty-five cardiovascular, 40 orthopedic, 65 trauma care, and 30 neurosurgical cases were examined. The data were categorized using human factor taxonomy, and descriptive statistics were applied.

Results:
Comparing the four specialties using RIPCORD TWA taxonomy, cardiovascular and trauma care were translated into one disruption every 2.2 minutes, followed by neurosurgery with one disruption every 2.7 minutes and orthopedics with one disruption every 3.7 minutes. Interruptions were the highest percentage for cardiovascular and orthopedics, with 54% and 46% of flow disruptions. Trauma care was heavily affected by communication flow disruption with 33%. Layout and coordination issues accumulate 26% of flow disruptions in neurosurgery.

Conclusions:
Cardiovascular, orthopedics, trauma care, and neurosurgery each feature distinct workflows, risks, and teamwork dynamics, demanding tailored process improvements. By analyzing flow disruptions and systemic weaknesses, this study highlights patterns unique to each specialty, advocating for tailored interventions to enhance communication, coordination, layout optimization, and equipment usability for improved surgical safety and quality.