bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Runoff generation mechanisms in pastures of the Sand Mountain region of Alabama—a field investigation
Authors: Sen Sumit , Srivastava Puneet , Yoo Kyung H. , Dane Jacob H. , Shaw Joey N. , Kang Moon S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractExcessive application of poultry litter to pastures in the Sand Mountain region of north Alabama has resulted in phosphorus (P) contamination of surface water bodies and buildup of P in soils of this region. Since surface runoff is recognized as the primary mechanism of P transport, understanding surface runoff generation mechanisms are crucial for alleviating water quality problems in this region. Identification of surface runoff generation mechanisms is also important for delineation of hydrologically active areas (HAAs). Therefore, the specific objective of this study was to identify surface runoff generation mechanisms (infiltration excess versus saturation excess) using distributed surface and subsurface sensors and rain gauge. Results from three rainfall events (2·13–3·43 cm) of differing characteristics, and sensor data at four locations with differing soil hydraulic properties along the hillslope showed that the main surface runoff generation mechanism in this region is infiltration excess. Because of this, rainfall intensity and soil hydraulic conductivity were found to play dominant roles in surface runoff generation in this region. Further, only short periods of a few rainfall events during which the rainfall intensity is high produce surface runoff. This study indicates that perhaps subsurface flows and transport of P in subsurface flows need to be quantified to reduce P contamination of surface water bodies in this region. Current studies at this location are identifying spatial and temporal distribution of HAAs, quantifying rainfall characteristics that generate runoff, and estimating runoff volume that results from connected HAAs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
β‐Ionone suppresses mammary carcinogenesis, proliferative activity and induces apoptosis in the mammary gland of the Sprague‐Dawley rat
Authors: Liu Jia‐Ren , Sun Xiang‐Rong , Dong Hong‐Wei , Sun Chang‐Hao , Sun Wen‐Guang , Chen Bing‐Qing , Song You‐Qiang , Yang Bao‐Feng 
Published: April 2008

Abstractβ‐Ionone demonstrates potent anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. We determined tumor incidence and the number of rats bearing tumors as well as cell proliferation and apoptosis in a rat mammary cancer model induced by 7, 12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Rats were fed an AIN‐76A diet containing β‐ionone (0, 9, 18 or 36 mmol/kg), starting 2 weeks before DMBA administration and continuing for 24 weeks. A dose‐dependent inhibition of mammary carcinogenesis by dietary β‐ionone was observed. Corresponding tumor incidence values were 82.1, 53.3, 25.9 and 10.0% (p < 0.01 or 0.05). Time to tumor appearance increased and tumor multiplicity decreased with increasing dietary β‐ionone. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations of tumors were performed on the 64, 31, 15 and 3 tumors, respectively, identified in rats from the respective groups of 30. The proportions of adenocarcinomas, adenomas and benign masses were equally distributed in the latter group. In proportions within the other groups, the proportions of adenocarcinomas and benign masses decreased and increased with increasing dietary β‐ionone. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1 and Bcl‐2 expression decreased, and Bax expression and nuclear fragmentation increased with increasing dietary β‐ionone. These results demonstrate the potent capacity of dietary β‐ionone to suppress DMBA‐initiated mammary cancer in rats. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new prostate cancer therapeutic approach: Combination of androgen ablation with COX‐2 inhibitor
Authors: Cai Yi , Lee Yi‐Fen , Li Gonghui , Liu Su , Bao Bo‐Ying , Huang Jiaoti , Hsu Cheng‐Lung , Chang Chawnshang 
Published: April 2008

AbstractProstate cancer is initially responsive to hormonal therapy, but cancers inevitably progress in an androgen‐independent fashion with virtually all tumors evolving into more aggressive androgen refractory disease. Immunohistological comparisons of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) expressions in 3 pairs of prostate cancer patients before and after the combined androgen blockade (CAB) therapy show elevated COX‐2 expressions. This observation from clinical specimens is further supported by in vitro laboratory data using human prostate cancer cells in which the antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide (HF) induced COX‐2 expression, and androgen suppressed COX‐2 expression. By applying knockdown and overexpression strategies to modulate AR expression in prostate cancer cells, we confirmed that androgen/AR signal suppressed, and HF induced COX‐2 expression at both protein and mRNA levels. COX‐2 promoter reporter assay indicated that the suppression of COX‐2 by androgen/AR is at the transcriptional level via modulation of NF‐κB signals. Treatment of LNCaP and LAPC4 cells with 1 μM HF in the presence of 1 nM DHT, which mimics the CAB therapy condition, promotes cell growth, and this growth induction can be suppressed via adding the COX‐2 specific inhibitor, NS398. This suggests that HF promoted prostate cancer cell growth is COX‐2 dependent and this HF‐COX‐2 activation pathway can account for one reason of CAB therapy failure. Together, these findings provide a possible explanation how CAB with antiandrogen HF therapy might fail and provide a potential new therapeutic approach to battle prostate cancer via combination of CAB therapy with COX‐2 inhibitor(s). © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo preclinical efficacy of a PDLLA/PGA porous copolymer for dental application
Authors: Tschon Matilde , Fini Milena , Giavaresi Gianluca , Rimondini Lia , Ambrosio Luigi , Giardino Roberto 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze surface morphology and physical–chemical properties of a copolymer of polylactic/polyglycolic acid (Fisiograft, Ghimas SpA, Casalecchio di Reno, Italy) by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), porosimetry, and rheological analysis. Then the material was implanted in vivo to test its efficacy at promoting bone healing and new bone formation in postextraction sockets. Under general anaesthesia, sockets were created in 12 minipigs and then randomly filled with the porous copolymer in SPONGE or GEL form and compared with commercial BioOss (Geistlich Biomaterials) and Biocoral (Inoteb, France). At 15, 30, and 60 days from surgery, the newly formed trabecular bone quality was evaluated by means of histology and histomorphometry. The SEM and rheological analyses performed on GEL showed a surface microporosity and a rheological shear thinning behavior, whereas the SPONGE porosimetric measurements revealed larger pores. At 15 days, the new bone regrowth was observed in all treated sockets but appeared immature, as the trabeculae were very dense and thin. At 30 days, GEL and SPONGE were degraded, and the sockets were filled with bone that, in terms of bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and separation, was not statistically different from normal bone. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Prestresses in bilayered all‐ceramic restorations
Authors: Aboushelib Moustafa N. , Feilzer Albert J. , de Jager Niek , Kleverlaan Cornelis J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIntroduction: A general trend in all ceramic systems is to use veneering ceramics of slightly lower thermal expansion coefficients compared with that of the framework resulting in a positive mismatch in thermal expansion coefficient (+ΔTEC). The concept behind this TEC mismatch is to generate compressive stresses in the weaker veneering ceramic and thus enhance the overall strength of the restoration. This technique had excellent results with porcelain fused to metal restorations (PFM). However, there are concerns to apply this concept to all‐ceramic restorations. The aim of this research was to determine the stresses in bilayered all‐ceramic restorations due to the mismatch in TEC. Materials and methods: Two commercial veneering ceramics with a TEC lower than that of zirconia (+ΔTEC); NobelRondo zirconia™ and Lava Ceram™, plus one experimental veneering ceramic with an identical TEC that matches that of zirconia (ΔTEC = 0) were used to veneer zirconia discs. The specimens were loaded in biaxial flexure test setup with the veneer ceramic in tension. The stresses due to load application and TEC mismatch were calculated using fractography, engineering mathematics, and finite element analysis (FEA). Results: In this study, the highest load at failure (64 N) was obtained with the experimental veneer where the thermal mismatch between zirconia and veneering ceramic was minimal. For the two commercial veneer ceramics the magnitude of the thermal mismatch localized at the zirconia veneer interface (42 MPa) exceeded the bond strength between the two materials and resulted in delamination failure during testing (ca. 50 MPa). Significance: For all‐ceramic zirconia veneered restorations it is recommended to minimize the thermal mismatch as much as possible. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
The ethics of advertising, billing, and finances in psychotherapy
Authors: Knapp Samuel , VandeCreek Leon 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPsychotherapists must deal with practical business matters such as advertising, billing, collecting fees, and other practice management topics. We review the enforceable standards of the American Psychological Association's (2002) Ethics Code that deal with advertising, fees, billing, and related business matters in psychotherapy. Using a principle‐based perspective, we link each of the standards to overarching ethical values and illustrate the concerns with case vignettes. We argue that understanding the moral foundations of ethical standards helps psychotherapists to implement with greater integrity the spirit and the letter of the standards with regard to advertising and business practices. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 64: 1–13, 2008.
Selective gene transfer into neurons via Na,K‐ATPase β1. Targeting gene transfer with monoclonal antibody and adenovirus vector
Authors: Ishii Keiji , Nakamura Kiminori , Kawaguchi Satoshi , Li Rong , Hirai Sachie , Sakuragi Naoya , Wada Takuro , Kato Kazunori , Yamashita Toshihiko , Hamada Hirofumi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackgroundNeuron‐selective gene transfer is an attractive therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders. However, optimal targets and gene delivery systems remain to be determined.MethodsFollowing immunization of mice with PC12 cells, hybridomas were screened by β‐Gal reporter gene assay using FZ33 fiber‐modified adenovirus vectors. Subsequently, the efficacy and specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb)‐mediated gene transfer via FZ33 and FdZ adenovirus vectors were evaluated by flow cytometry, chemiluminescent β‐Gal reporter gene assay, and immunocytochemistry. Finally, the antigen recognized by the mAb was identified by mass spectrometry and transfection analysis.ResultsA hybridoma clone 6E3 producing monoclonal antibody, mAb6E3, was screened. Flow cytometry, chemiluminescent β‐Gal reporter gene assay, and immunocytochemistry with mAb6E3 and the fiber mutant adenovirus demonstrated efficient gene transfer into the PC12 cells. Treatment of neuron–glia cocultures with mAb6E3 and FdZ adenovirus resulted in neuron‐selective gene transfer. Immunohistochemical images of rat spinal cord tissue showed that mAb6E3 reacts specifically with neurons. Finally, Na,K‐ATPase β1 was identified as the antigen of mAb6E3.ConclusionsHybridoma screening using FZ33 fiber‐modified adenovirus vectors serves as an efficient approach to detect antigens in mAb‐targeted gene transfer. Neuronal tropism in the central nervous system through mAb6E3 represents an important initial step towards neuron‐selective gene transfer in the treatment of local neurological disorders, such as spinal cord injury. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses of (R,S)‐naproxen and its 6‐O‐desmethylated metabolite labelled with 2H
Authors: Fontana E. , Venegoni S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNaproxen, a well‐known non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, and its 6‐O‐desmethylated metabolite have been labelled with 2H. (R,S)‐Naproxen 7 labelled with 2H was obtained in five steps using the commercially available [2H3]iodomethane 5 as the stable labelled reagent. The demethylation of 7 using 48% HBr in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoborate gave the corresponding 2H‐labelled 6‐O‐desmethylated metabolite 8. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pacific and Indian Ocean climate signals in a tree‐ring record of Java monsoon drought
Authors: D'Arrigo Rosanne , Allan Rob , Wilson Rob , Palmer Jonathan , Sakulich John , Smerdon Jason E. , Bijaksana Satria , Ngkoimani La Ode 
Published: March 2008

AbstractExtreme climate conditions have dramatic socio‐economic impacts on human populations across the tropics. In Indonesia, severe drought and floods have been associated with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events that originate in the tropical Indo‐Pacific region. Recently, an Indian Ocean dipole mode (IOD) in sea surface temperature (SST) has been proposed as another potential cause of drought and flood extremes in western Indonesia and elsewhere around the Indian Ocean rim. The nature of such variability and its degree of independence from the ENSO system are topics of recent debate, but understanding is hampered by the scarcity of long instrumental records for the tropics. Here, we describe a tree‐ring reconstruction of the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for Java, Indonesia, that preserves a history of ENSO and IOD‐related extremes over the past 217 years. Extreme Javan droughts correspond well to known ENSO and IOD events in recent decades, and most extreme droughts before this recent period can be explained by known ENSO episodes. Coral proxies from regions near or within the two poles of the IOD show good agreement with Javan PDSI extremes over the past ∼150 years. The El Niño of 1877, in conjunction with a positive IOD, was one of the most intense and widespread episodes of the past two centuries, based on instrumental and proxy data from across the tropical Indo‐Pacific and Asian monsoon regions. Although Java droughts typically show the expected association with El Niño‐like conditions and failed Indian monsoons, others (mainly linked to positive IOD conditions) co‐occur with a strengthened Indian monsoon, suggesting linkages between the Indian monsoon, Indonesian drought and Indian Ocean climatic variability. The close associations between the Java PDSI, ENSO and Indian Ocean climate are consistent with the hypothesis that interannual ENSO to decadal ENSO‐like modes interact to generate dipole‐like Indian Ocean variability. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Polymerization of 2‐(hydroxyethyl)methacrylate by two different initiator/accelerator systems: a Raman spectroscopic monitoring
Authors: Mabilleau G. , Cincu C. , Baslé M. F. , Chappard D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe control of monomer polymerization is important when preparing biocompatible devices. The compound 2‐(hydroxyethyl)methacrylate can be polymerized by redox systems using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) (as accelerator) and a substituted amine (as initiator). However, this system is associated with a highly exothermic polymerization, and end‐products with inflammatory properties are produced. We have used ascorbic acid (AA) to induce BPO fragmentation and have compared the kinetics of the reaction, by Raman microscopy, with that obtained with a substituted amine. The breaking of the C bond (Raman stretching vibration at 1641 cm−1) could be monitored in both cases and reflected the incorporation of new monomer molecules into the chain. The AA‐induced polymerization was slower than with the substituted amine and was accompanied by the appearance of a new band at 1603 cm−1, assigned to the stretching vibrations of COOH species incorporated into the chains. Raman microscopy appears to be a powerful tool in the study of polymeric biomaterial preparation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutritional evaluation of Araucaria angustifolia seed flour as a protein complement for growing rats
Authors: Leite Danielle MC , de Jong Erna V , Noreña Caciano PZ , Brandelli Adriano 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The seeds of Araucaria angustifolia, namely pinhão, are consumed in south and southeast Brazil as flour or baked. There is relatively little information about the chemical composition and nutritional value of the seed and its flour.RESULTS: Pinhão flour was obtained by drying at constant temperature of 50 °C (PF50) or 80 °C (PF80) in a circulating air drier for 16 h, and evaluated as a feed additive for growing rats. Wistar rats were fed five experimental diets (n = 6 rats per diet) containing different protein sources: casein (diet CAS), casein supplemented with 20% (w/w) flour PF50 or PF80 (diets PF50 and PF80), casein supplemented with 20% pinhão without heat treatment (diet NPF), and a non‐protein group (diet APROT). Values for weight gain, feed ingest, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein ratio (NPR) were similar for diets CAS and PF80. Lowest values for all nutritional parameters were observed for diets complemented with pinhão flour. Trypsin inhibitor activity was detected in PF50 but not in PF80.CONCLUSION: Pinhão flour heated at 80 °C for 16 h and used as supplementary in diet had the most similar results in all nutritional parameters to casein‐based diets, and can be used as a complementary source, substituting up to 20% of a high biological value protein in food formulations. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Frequency‐swept HMQC sequences for high‐throughput NMR analysis
Authors: Spitzer Timothy D. , Rutkowske Randy D. , Dorsey George F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe describe here new versions of the DEPT phase‐encoded HMQC experiment that offer robust performance and improved sensitivity. The new sequences rely on frequency‐swept proton and carbon pulses to minimize signal losses from miscalibrated pulses while providing ‘J compensation’ to optimize the signal strength over a range of heteronuclear coupling constants. By including both proton and carbon‐swept pulses, the new sequences also offer an additional signal gain of roughly 10% over well‐calibrated hard‐pulse experiments. The new sequences also demonstrate that one can construct a sequence that incorporates both 90° and 180° frequency‐swept pulses. Although individual pulses in the sequence cause severe phase roll, the phase roll can be eliminated by the proper choice of pulse lengths and sweep directions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequency‐swept HSQC sequences for high‐throughput NMR analysis
Authors: Spitzer Timothy D. , Rutkowske Randy D. , Dorsey George F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article describes new versions of the DEPT phase‐edited heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) pulse sequence with sensitivity enhancement. The sequences incorporate frequency‐swept carbon and proton pulses. The new experiments are inherently robust, well‐suited for a high‐throughput setting in which sample‐to‐sample variations may be ignored. The observed signal has the obvious benefit of sensitivity enhancement resulting from the preservation of two magnetization transfer pathways. The two pathways are maintained even in the version of the sequence in which all pulses are frequency‐swept. There is an additional signal gain of roughly 10% that derives from the use of both proton and carbon frequency‐swept pulses. Furthermore, the sequences use J compensation to provide optimal signal over a range of heteronuclear coupling constants. We demonstrate that the new sequences offer good sensitivity and perform well even when the NMR probe is deliberately mistuned. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
13C and 15N NMR chemical shifts of 1‐(2′,4′‐dinitrophenyl) and 1‐(2′,4′,6′‐trinitrophenyl) pyrazoles in the solid state and in solution
Authors: Ángeles García M. , Claramunt Rosa M. , Elguero José 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe 13C and 15N CPMAS NMR spectra of 18 pyrazoles substituted at position 1 by dinitrophenyl and trinitrophenyl (picryl) groups have been recorded. To help in the assignments, some of these compounds were studied in DMSO‐d6 solution. Phenomena such as the conformation of the N‐aryl groups and broadening of splittings due to quadrupolar nuclei are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent Advances in the Study of High‐Temperature Free Radical Acrylic Solution Copolymerization
Authors: Wang Wei , Hutchinson Robin A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSemibatch starved‐feed solution copolymerization is used to produce acrylic resins for coatings formulations. Mechanisms and rate coefficients for polymerization of methacrylates, acrylates, and styrene (ST) under these high‐temperature conditions are reviewed. An extended set of experimental results at 138 °C is used to refine a model describing the solution copolymerization of ST and methacrylates. The data suggest that both changing initiator efficiency and transfer reactions of oxygen‐centered radicals to polymer affect the development of polymer molecular weight. A penultimate model is used to describe the variation in termination rate coefficient with copolymer composition. Significant progress has been made to develop an extended model capable of representing multicomponent high‐temperature acrylic polymerizations.magnified image
What you should know about location modeling
Authors: Daskin Mark S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFacility location models have been applied to problems in the public and private sectors for years. In this article, the author first presents a taxonomy of location problems based on the underlying space in which the problem is embedded. The article illustrates problems from each part of the taxonomy with an emphasis on discrete location problems. Selected recent research in the area is also discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008
Analysis and optimal design of discrete order picking technologies along a line
Authors: Eisenstein Donald D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOrder picking accounts for most of the operating expense of a typical distribution center, and thus is often considered the most critical function of a supply chain. In discrete order picking a single worker walks to pick all the items necessary to fulfill a single customer order. Discrete order picking is common not only because of its simplicity and reliability, but also because of its ability to pick orders quickly upon receipt, and thus is commonly used by e‐commerce operations. There are two primary ways to reduce the cost (walking distance required) of the order picking system. First is through the use of technology—conveyor systems and/or the ability to transmit order information to pickers via mobile units. Second is through the design—where best to locate depots (where workers receive pick lists and deposit completed orders) and how best to lay out the product. We build a stochastic model to compare three configurations of different technology requirements: single‐depot, dual‐depot, and no‐depot. For each configuration we explore the optimal design. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008