bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olanzapine in the prevention of postpartum psychosis and mood episodes in bipolar disorder
Authors: Sharma Verinder , Smith Angela , Mazmanian Dwight 
Published: July 2006

Objectives:  The use of olanzapine (OLZ) in the prevention of postpartum psychosis (PP) and mood episodes in women with bipolar disorder was investigated in a naturalistic, prospective study.Methods:  Eleven women received OLZ alone or in combination with an antidepressant or mood stabilizer, and 14 women received either antidepressants, mood stabilizers, or no medication for a minimum of 4 weeks after delivery.Results:  Two (18.2%) of the women in the OLZ group experienced a postpartum mood episode, whereas eight (57.1%) of the women in the No‐OLZ group did.Conclusions:  The role of OLZ in the prophylaxis of PP and mood episodes, particularly in women at high risk, clearly warrants further investigation.
Depressive personality styles and bipolar spectrum disorders: prospective tests of the event congruency hypothesis
Authors: Francis‐Raniere Erika L , Alloy Lauren B , Abramson Lyn Y 
Published: July 2006

Objectives:  Research on unipolar depression has found that life events that are congruent with an individual's personality style increase vulnerability to depression (event congruency hypothesis). We tested whether the interaction of personality style and congruent life events predicted prospective increases in depressive and hypomanic symptoms among bipolar spectrum individuals over a 4‐month follow‐up.Methods:  We followed 106 bipolar II or cyclothymic individuals prospectively for 4 months. Participants completed three measures of personality style at time 1 and a life event scale and semi‐structured life events and diagnostic interviews at follow‐up. Life events were coded as congruent or non‐congruent with the personality styles.Results:  A personality style characterized by self‐criticism and performance evaluation interacted with congruent negative and positive events, respectively, to predict increases in depressive and hypomanic symptoms, respectively, over the 4 months. In contrast, an attachment‐oriented personality style buffered against depression following congruent negative events.Conclusion:  Consistent with the event congruency hypothesis, a personality style focused on performance, high self‐standards, and self‐criticism may increase vulnerability to both depressive and hypomanic symptoms when bipolar individuals confront life events congruent with this style. In contrast, a personality style concerned with attachment to others may buffer against depression when bipolar individuals face congruent negative events.
Wounding of Root or Basal Stalk Prior to Harvest Affects Pre‐harvest Antioxidant Accumulation and Tobacco‐specific Nitrosamine Formation during Air Curing of Burley Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Authors: Li Q. , Krauss M. R. , Hempfling W. P. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWounding stresses were tested for their ability to induce an accumulation of antioxidants in harvested tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and for the reduction of tobacco‐specific nitrosamines (TSNA) during subsequent air curing. Data indicated that root pruning of burley tobacco 1 week before harvest resulted in an increased accumulation of α‐tocopherol, chlorogenic acid and rutin, compared with untreated plants. Wounding also increased total antioxidant capacity in both green and cured tobacco. Field experiments performed over 3 years showed a consistent decrease in nitrite concentration in leaves from wounded tobacco, and the reduction in TSNA was always associated with reduced levels of nitrite. Depending on climate and curing conditions, curing resulted in significant reductions in TSNA, compared with unwounded, control plants. Thus, the results suggested that higher endogenous antioxidants present during senescence and curing of wounding‐stressed tobacco may affect the propensities of those tissues to inhibit TSNA formation by reaction with nitrite.
Production of Polyclonal Antibodies to a Recombinant Potato Mop‐top Virus Non‐structural Triple Gene Block Protein 1
Authors: ČEřovská N. , Filigarová M. , Pečenková T. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe gene encoding the triple gene block protein 1 (TGBp1) of Potato mop‐top virus (PMTV) was cloned into expression vector pQE32 tagging the protein with 6xHis on the N‐terminus. When the gene was enshortened on its 3′‐end by two different restriction digestions, efficient and high yield bacterial expression was achieved in both cases, as shown by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and Western blot. One of these two constructs was used for raising rabbit polyclonal antibodies. The obtained sera and antibodies were tested for the detection of PMTV in laboratory host Nicotiana benthamiana and natural host Solanum tuberosum by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as well as by Western blots. The obtained antisera are more suitable for Western blot analysis of infected plants than for ELISA.
Characterization of Italian Isolates of Fusarium semitectum from Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by AFLP Analysis, Morphology, Pathogenicity and Toxin Production
Authors: Zaccardelli M. , Balmas V. , Altomare C. , Corazza L. , Scotti C. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract Fusarium semitectum is a widespread species often isolated from plants with complex disease and also known to be toxigenic. Twenty‐seven isolates of F. semitectum obtained from wilted plants of Medicago sativa grown in northern Italy were analysed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP). The isolates were divided in two distinct clusters, coded A and B. Investigations were carried out on morphology, pathogenicity on alfalfa seedlings and toxin production of 18 isolates representative of the two AFLP clusters. Isolates from cluster A showed fast growth and pale peach colour of the colonies on potato‐dextrose‐agar, whereas those from cluster B showed slow growth and orange pigmentation, changing to brown with age. Length of 5‐septate macro‐conidia was higher in isolates from cluster A and the frequency of classes of conidia septation was statistically different between the two clusters. All isolates from cluster A were pathogenic to alfalfa, whereas those from cluster B were mostly non‐pathogenic. The mycotoxigenic profiles were distinct between the two clusters and similar within the same cluster: isolates from cluster A produced zearalenone, alone or together with diacetoxyscirpenol, whereas isolates from cluster B produced deoxyfusapyrone. The results showed that there is a good correspondence between the AFLP clustering and the distinction of F. semitectum isolates from alfalfa into two groups based on morphology, pathogenicity and toxin‐production.
Spot Blotch Continues to Cause Substantial Grain Yield Reductions under Resource‐limited Farming Conditions
Authors: Sharma R. C. , Duveiller E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSpot blotch caused by Cochliobolus sativus, is an important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the warm areas of South Asia. In the past, efforts have been made to improve spot blotch resistance in susceptible commercial cultivars. It is important to assess how much spot blotch‐induced yield loss still occurs under resource‐limited farming conditions using a newly released wheat cultivar. The outcome could underline further work needed towards breeding for foliar blight resistance. The present 2‐year study was conducted to determine the reduction in grain yield and its components in a newly released Nepali wheat cultivar, Gautam, on resource‐poor farms under a rice–wheat cropping sequence. Spot blotch severity went up to 100% and 70% in 2004 and 2005 respectively. The use of the fungicide Opus (epoxiconazole) reduced disease severity to below 10% suggesting its value in controlling spot blotch in the absence of highly spot blotch resistant wheat cultivars. Grain yield loss due to spot blotch ranged from 4% to 38% and 25% to 43% in 2004 and 2005 respectively. Thousand‐kernel weight and the number of kernels per spike were reduced respectively by 15% and 10% in 2004 and by 18% and 11% in 2005. The study shows that the level of resistance to spot blotch in the new cultivar Gautam represents a partial accomplishment in breeding for resistance over the past decade. The findings underscore the need for further research support for improving genetic resistance against spot blotch in wheat to increase food security among resource‐poor farmers in the eastern Gangetic plains in South Asia and reduce the yield loss caused by this disease.
Long‐term Follow‐up of Blood Lead Levels and Haematological and Biochemical Parameters in Heifers that Survived an Accidental Lead Poisoning Episode
Authors: Miranda M. , López‐Alonso M. , García‐Partida P. , Velasco J. , Benedito J. L. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryFour of 10 heifers that survived an episode of lead poisoning caused by an old broken battery in the pasture were periodically monitored from days 14 to 205 after the episode, with the aim of (i) determining the time‐course of lead clearance from blood; and (ii) assessing whether the exposed cattle showed changes in haematological parameters or serum markers of hepatic and renal function (e.g. serum creatinine level) that might be useful as indicators of subclinical toxicity. On the first sampling day, lead levels in blood varied between 0.478 and 0.758 mg/l. The half‐life of lead in blood was rather variable, ranging from 68 to 266 days. Despite the high blood lead levels, no significant changes were detected in haematological parameters or hepatic/renal markers, all of which remained within normal ranges. In conclusion, these cattle that survived an episode of lead poisoning may constitute a risk for human consumers, but do not appear to have suffered severe health consequences themselves.
Characterization of novel sugarcane expressed sequence tag microsatellites and their comparison with genomic SSRs
Authors: Pinto L. R. , Oliveira K. M. , Marconi T. , Garcia A. A. F. , Ulian E. C. , De Souza A. P. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMicrosatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are one of the most suitable markers for genome analysis as they have great potential to aid breeders to develop new improved sugarcane varieties. The development of SSR derived from expressed sequence tags (EST) opens new opportunities for genetic investigations at a functional level. In the present work, the polymorphism obtained with a subset of 51 EST–SSRs derived from sucest was compared with those generated by 50 genomic SSRs (gSSR) in terms of number of alleles, polymorphism information content, discrimination power and their ability to establish genetic relationships among 18 sugarcane clones including three Saccharum species (S. officinarum, S. barberi, S. sinense). The majority of EST–SSRs loci had four to six alleles in contrast to the seven to nine observed for the gSSRs loci. Approximately, 35% of the gSSRs had PIC values around 0.90 in contrast to 15% of the EST–SSRs. However, the mean discrimination power of the two types of SSR did not differ significantly as much as the average genetic similarity (GS) based on Dice coefficient. The correlation between GS of the two types of SSRs was high (r = 0.71/P = 0.99) and significant. Although differences were observed between dendrograms obtained with each SSR type, both were in good agreement with pedigree information. The S. officinarum clone IJ76‐314 was grouped apart from the other clones evaluated. The results here demonstrate that EST–SSRs can be successfully used for genetic relationship analysis, extending the knowledge of genetic diversity of sugarcane to a functional level.
Evaluation of common wheat cultivars for tan spot resistance and chromosomal location of a resistance gene in the cultivar ‘Salamouni’
Authors: Tadesse W. , Hsam S. L. K. , Zeller F. J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA total of 50 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were evaluated for resistance to tan spot, using Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis race 1 and race 5 isolates. The cultivars ‘Salamouni’, ‘Red Chief’, ‘Dashen’, ‘Empire’ and ‘Armada’ were resistant to isolate ASC1a (race 1), whereas 76% of the cultivars were susceptible. Chi‐squared analysis of the F2 segregation data of hybrids between 20 monosomic lines of the wheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ and the resistant cultivar ‘Salamouni’ revealed that tan spot resistance in ‘Salamouni’ was controlled by a single recessive gene located on chromosome 3A. This gene is designated tsn4. The resistant cultivars identified in this study are recommended for use in breeding programmes to improve tan spot resistance in common wheat.
Molecular mapping of the fertility‐restoration gene Rf4 for WA‐cytoplasmic male sterility in rice
Authors: Ahmadikhah A. , Karlov G. I. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe wild abortive cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS‐WA) system, an ideal type of sporophytic CMS in indica rice, is used for the large‐scale commercial production of hybrid rice. Searching for restorer genes is a good approach when phenotyping is very time‐consuming and requires the determination of spikelet sterility in testcross progeny. To establish more precisely the genetical and physical maps of the Rf4 gene, high‐resolution mapping of this locus was carried out using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and newly designed markers in a F2 population. The genetic linkage analysis indicated that five SSR markers (RM6737, RM304, RM171, RM5841 and RM228) on the long arm of chromosome 10 were linked with the Rf4 gene. Rf4 was flanked by two SSR markers RM171 and RM6737 at distances of 3.2 and 1.6 cM, respectively. Also, within the region between Rf4 gene and RM171, a newly designed primer pair, AB443, produced two sterile‐specific markers, AB443‐400 and AB443‐500, 0.5 and 1.03 cM from the gene. The flanking markers identified give promise for their application in molecular marker‐assisted selection (MAS) and they are also suitable for starting chromosome walking to clone Rf4 gene in the near future.
Transgenic cotton, expressing Amaranthus caudatus agglutinin, confers enhanced resistance to aphids
Authors: Wu J. , Luo X. , Guo H. , Xiao J. , Tian Y. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTo evaluate the possible antiaphid function of Amaranthus caudatus agglutinin (ACA) in allogenetic plants, transgenic cotton plants expressing the ACA gene under the control of a phloem‐specific promoter were generated via Agrobacterium‐mediated gene transformation. Based on the results of Southern blot analyses, six plants with single or lower copy transgene and favourable agronomic traits were selected for further studies. ACA expression levels ranged from 0.02% to 0.45% of total soluble protein as determined by Western blot analysis in the six selected transgenic plants. Insect bioassays using nymphs of cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) showed that five of the six transgenic plants significantly inhibited the population growth of cotton aphid, with the highest inhibition rate of 64.5%. These results shed some new light on the antiaphid function of the ACA gene as well as the promising application of the gene for obtaining aphid‐resistant transgenic cotton plants to reduce the yield loss and honeydew contamination of fibre by aphids.
Development of Polima temperature‐sensitive cytoplasmic male sterile lines of Brassica napus through isolated microspore culture
Authors: Yang L. Y. , Liu P. W. , Yang G. S. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA novel Pol CMS named Polima temperature‐sensitive cytoplasmic male sterile (Pol TCMS) is sterile at high temperatures and partially fertile at low temperatures. Its temperature sensitivity is controlled by several minor genes, and probably influenced by the genetic background, making it quite difficult to breed a stable Pol TCMS line through the conventional breeding methods. The present study aimed to obtain stable homozygous Pol TCMS lines by microspore culture. The highest frequency of embryogenesis was induced from cultures of buds sampled at 4–7 days before first blossom. The second method of microspore cultures mentioned in this study could significantly increase the production of embryos. Analysis of fatty acid composition, glucosinolate content and genetic diversity by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers indicated that microspore culture was effective for selecting Pol TCMS lines.
Inheritance of the four‐seeded‐pod trait in a soybean mutant and marker‐assisted selection for this trait
Authors: Zhu B. G. , Sun Y. R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA high seeds‐per‐pod value is a crucial component of soybean seed yield, but reliable information is lacking on the inheritance and early selection for the four‐seeded pod (4SP) trait. The inheritance of 4SP was followed in crosses originating from an EMS‐derived mutant line (E182, 15% 4SP) with its parental cultivar, ‘Ludou No. 4’ (no 4SP), and the efficiencies of both a molecular and morphological marker selection were determined. The plants of two F2 populations (with E182 as one of the parents) showed a segregation ratio of 3 : 1 (low to high SP values), indicating a single recessive locus; this mode of inheritance was confirmed by subsequent analysis of the F2 : 3 families. Among four microsatellite markers linked with the 4SP trait, Sat_107 was the closest to the 4SP locus (3.2 ± 1.11 cM). Both the molecular marker Sat_107 and the morphological marker, narrow leaflet (NL) associated with the 4SP locus were effective in selecting the 4SP trait, although with different efficiencies. The molecular marker was efficient in selecting soybean progenies from the cross in which one parent was the E182 mutant line because it was tightly linked to the mutated 4SP locus. In the other cross, with 4SP not derived from E182, the efficiency was reduced in comparison with the morphological marker.
Relationship between rice grain amylose and pasting properties for breeding better quality rice varieties
Authors: Allahgholipour M. , Ali A. J. , Alinia F. , Nagamine T. , Kojima Y. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractOne hundred and sixty‐seven rice varieties/laudraces from 23 different rice‐growing countries were used for studying the relationship between the amylose content (AC %) and paste viscosity parameters (RVU) through Pearson correlation. AC and paste viscosity parameters were measured using Auto Analyser and Rapid Visco Analysers respectively. Based on all five RVA pasting properties, i.e. peak viscosity (PV), minimum viscosity (MV), breakdown (BD), final viscosity (FV) and setback (SB), the simple paired t‐test (at P = 0.05) was carried out to identify varieties that showed non‐significant differences (similar) from the check variety, separately for each of the four AC groups, e.g. Waxy rice AC (0–8%, n = 21) –‘IR29’ (Philippines); Low AC (8.1–16%, n = 58) –‘Koshihikari’ (Japan); Intermediate AC (16.1–24%, n = 64) –‘Local Sadri’ (Iran); high AC (>24.1%, n = 24) –‘Kasalath’ (India). Significant variation among the rice varieties for AC and pasting properties were observed. Means of the AC and the viscosity parameters including PV, MV, BD, FV and SB were 15.8, 416.1, 180.3, 235.8, 380.9 and 200.6 RVU respectively. Significant correlations existed between AC and paste viscosity parameters at AC group level. The paste viscosity parameters, i.e. PV, BD and SB are important within an AC group as far as cooking quality is concerned. In the low AC group, ‘Koshihikari’ (check) was most preferred by Japanese consumers, which was used for identifying 16 varieties that showed non‐significant differences for pasting properties with it. Some of the important Japanese varieties were ‘Todorokiwase’, ‘Owarihatamochi’, ‘Sasanishiki’, ‘Reimei’ and ‘Kinuhikari’. These varieties had good cooking quality with low AC, high PV and BD with low SB. In contrast, the Iranian cultivar ‘Local Sadri’ with good cooking quality had intermediate levels of AC and SB while recording high PV and BD. The varietal diversity for pasting properties available within each AC group may allow the breeder to make effective selections for improving the cooking quality according to consumer choice.
New preservation strategies for preventing liver grafts against cold ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Franco‐Gou Rosa , Mosbah Ismail Ben , Serafin Anna , Abdennebi Hassen Ben , Roselló‐Catafau Joan , Peralta Carmen 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground:  In spite of improvements in University of Wisconsin (UW) preservation solution, the injury from grafts during cold storage is an unresolved problem in liver transplantation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the beneficial effect on ischemia–reperfusion injury associated with liver transplantation of the inversion of K+ and Na+ concentrations and the replacement of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) by polyethylene glycol (PEG) in UW preservation solution.Methods:  Using an orthotopic liver transplantation model, the effects on rat liver preservation of a modified preservation solution (UW‐PEG) were evaluated, based on the inversion of K+ and Na+ concentration and the replacement of HES by PEG 35 kDa (0.03 mmol/L) in UW preservation solution.Results:  The use of UW‐PEG preservation solution ameliorated the biochemical and histological parameters of hepatic damage. Thus, at 24 h after transplantation, transaminase levels were reduced significantly when livers were preserved during 8 h in UW‐PEG preservation solution compared with the original UW solution. In addition, histological findings revealed fewer and smaller areas of hepatocyte necrosis. The benefits of UW‐PEG solution cannot be explained by modifications in oxidative stress or neutrophil accumulation associated with liver transplantation. However, the results of hepatic and portal blood flow indicated that the benefits of this modified preservation solution, UW‐PEG were associated with improvements in the microcirculatory disorders after reperfusion.Conclusions:  The UW‐PEG solution, while retaining all the advantages of UW solution, improved hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury associated with liver transplantation.
Hemochromatosis gene mutations, liver function tests and iron status in alcohol‐dependent patients admitted for detoxification
Authors: Robinson Geoffrey , Narasimhan Seshasayee , Weatherall Mark , Beasley Richard 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground:  Screening of target populations for hemochromatosis (HFE) gene allele status has been recommended. Alcoholic liver disease may be associated with iron overload and there is evidence of excessive alcohol consumption among patients with hereditary hemochromatosis. This study determined the HFE gene allele status in alcohol‐dependent patients and explored the associations between iron status, liver enzymes, and HFE status.Methods:  A total of 151 consecutive patients admitted for alcohol detoxification were tested for HFE mutations, iron status, and liver function tests. The prevalence data were compared with those from a New Zealand population. manova was used to compare liver function tests and iron status for subjects with different HFE mutations.Results:  Three compound heterozygotes, one homozygote for C282Y, and one homozygote for H63D were found among the 151 patients. For the remaining 146 patients, there was no difference in the distribution of heterozygote status by allele, compared to the general New Zealand population. No HFE mutation: general population 64.4%, alcohol‐dependent patients 64.4%; H63D: general population 23.6%, alcohol‐dependent patients 28.1%; C282Y: general population 11.9%, alcohol‐dependent patients 7.5% (P = 0.20). There was no relationship between liver function tests or iron status and HFE mutation status among the study group.Conclusions:  No evidence has been found in the present that HFE allele status prevalence is different from the general population or associated with different liver function or iron status among alcohol‐dependent patients. The cause of altered iron status among alcohol‐dependent patients does not appear to be related to HFE status.