bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ELK3 destabilization by speckle-type POZ protein suppresses prostate cancer progression and docetaxel resistance
Authors: Lee Cheol-Jung , Lee Heejung , Kim Seo Ree , Nam Soo-Bin , Lee Ga-Eun , Yang Kyeong Eun , Lee Guk Jin , Chun Sang Hoon , Kang Han Chang , Lee Joo Young , Lee Hye Suk , Cho Sung-Jun , Cho Yong-Yeon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAccumulating evidence demonstrates that the activity regulation of ELK3, a member of the E26 transformation-specific oncogene family, is critical to regulating cell proliferation, migration, and survival in human cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms of how ELK3 induces chemoresistance in prostate cancer (PCa) have not been elucidated. In this study, we found that SPOP and ELK3 are an interacting partner. The interaction between SPOP and ELK3 resulted in increased ELK3 ubiquitination and destruction, assisted by checkpoint kinase-mediated ELK3 phosphorylation. Notably, the modulation of SPOP-mediated ELK3 protein stability affected the c-Fos-induced cell proliferation and invasion of PCa cells. The clinical involvement of the SPOP-ELK3 axis in PCa development was confirmed by an immunohistochemical assay on 123 PCa tissues, with an inverse correlation between increased ELK3 and decreased SPOP being present in ~80% of the specimens. This observation was supported by immunohistochemistry analysis using a SPOP-mutant PCa specimen. Finally, docetaxel treatment induced cell death by activating checkpoint kinase- and SPOP-mediated ELK3 degradation, while SPOP-depleted or SPOP-mutated PCa cells showed cell death resistance. Notably, this observation was correlated with the protein levels of ELK3. Taken together, our study reveals the precise mechanism of SPOP-mediated degradation of ELK3 and provides evidence that SPOP mutations contribute to docetaxel resistance in PCa.
Methane emission from a cool brown dwarf
Authors: Faherty Jacqueline K. , Burningham Ben , Gagné Jonathan , Suárez Genaro , Vos Johanna M. , Alejandro Merchan Sherelyn , Morley Caroline V. , Rowland Melanie , Lacy Brianna , Kiman Rocio , Caselden Dan , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Meisner Aaron , Schneider Adam C. , Kuchner Marc Jason , Bardalez Gagliuffi Daniella Carolina , Beichman Charles , Eisenhardt Peter , Gelino Christopher R. , Gharib-Nezhad Ehsan , Gonzales Eileen , Marocco Federico , Rothermich Austin James , Whiteford Niall 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Beyond our Solar System, aurorae have been inferred from radio observations of isolated brown dwarfs1,2. Within our Solar System, giant planets have auroral emission with signatures across the electromagnetic spectrum including infrared emission of H3
+ and methane. Isolated brown dwarfs with auroral signatures in the radio have been searched for corresponding infrared features, but only null detections have been reported3. CWISEP J193518.59-154620.3. (W1935 for short) is an isolated brown dwarf with a temperature of approximately 482 K. Here we report James Webb Space Telescope observations of strong methane emission from W1935 at 3.326 μm. Atmospheric modelling leads us to conclude that a temperature inversion of approximately 300 K centred at 1–10 mbar replicates the feature. This represents an atmospheric temperature inversion for a Jupiter-like atmosphere without irradiation from a host star. A plausible explanation for the strong inversion is heating by auroral processes, although other internal and external dynamical processes cannot be ruled out. The best-fitting model rules out the contribution of H3
+ emission, which is prominent in Solar System gas giants. However, this is consistent with rapid destruction of H3
+ at the higher pressure where the W1935 emission originates4.
The economic commitment of climate change
Authors: Kotz Maximilian , Levermann Anders , Wenz Leonie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Global projections of macroeconomic climate-change damages typically consider impacts from average annual and national temperatures over long time horizons1–6. Here we use recent empirical findings from more than 1,600 regions worldwide over the past 40 years to project sub-national damages from temperature and precipitation, including daily variability and extremes7,8. Using an empirical approach that provides a robust lower bound on the persistence of impacts on economic growth, we find that the world economy is committed to an income reduction of 19% within the next 26 years independent of future emission choices (relative to a baseline without climate impacts, likely range of 11–29% accounting for physical climate and empirical uncertainty). These damages already outweigh the mitigation costs required to limit global warming to 2 °C by sixfold over this near-term time frame and thereafter diverge strongly dependent on emission choices. Committed damages arise predominantly through changes in average temperature, but accounting for further climatic components raises estimates by approximately 50% and leads to stronger regional heterogeneity. Committed losses are projected for all regions except those at very high latitudes, at which reductions in temperature variability bring benefits. The largest losses are committed at lower latitudes in regions with lower cumulative historical emissions and lower present-day income.
Seismological evidence for a multifault network at the subduction interface
Authors: Chalumeau Caroline , Agurto-Detzel Hans , Rietbrock Andreas , Frietsch Michael , Oncken Onno , Segovia Monica , Galve Audrey 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Subduction zones generate the largest earthquakes on Earth, yet their detailed structure, and its influence on seismic and aseismic slip, remains poorly understood. Geological studies of fossil subduction zones characterize the seismogenic interface as a 100 m–1 km thick zone1–3 in which deformation occurs mostly on metres-thick faults1,3–6. Conversely, seismological studies, with their larger spatial coverage and temporal resolution but lower spatial resolution, often image the seismogenic interface as a kilometres-wide band of seismicity7. Thus, how and when these metre-scale structures are active at the seismic-cycle timescale, and what influence they have on deformation is not known. Here we detect these metres-thick faults with seismicity and show their influence on afterslip propagation. Using a local three-dimensional velocity model and dense observations of more than 1,500 double-difference relocated earthquakes in Ecuador, we obtain an exceptionally detailed image of seismicity, showing that earthquakes occur sometimes on a single plane and sometimes on several metres-thick simultaneously active subparallel planes within the plate interface zone. This geometrical complexity affects afterslip propagation, demonstrating the influence of fault continuity and structure on slip at the seismogenic interface. Our findings can therefore help to create more realistic models of earthquake rupture, aseismic slip and earthquake hazard in subduction zones.
Hybrid speciation driven by multilocus introgression of ecological traits
Authors: Rosser Neil , Seixas Fernando , Queste Lucie M. , Cama Bruna , Mori-Pezo Ronald , Kryvokhyzha Dmytro , Nelson Michaela , Waite-Hudson Rachel , Goringe Matt , Costa Mauro , Elias Marianne , Mendes Eleres de Figueiredo Clarisse , Freitas André Victor Lucci , Joron Mathieu , Kozak Krzysztof , Lamas Gerardo , Martins Ananda R. P. , McMillan W. Owen , Ready Jonathan , Rueda-Muñoz Nicol , Salazar Camilo , Salazar Patricio , Schulz Stefan , Shirai Leila T. , Silva-Brandão Karina L. , Mallet James , Dasmahapatra Kanchon K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHybridization allows adaptations to be shared among lineages and may trigger the evolution of new species1,2. However, convincing examples of homoploid hybrid speciation remain rare because it is challenging to demonstrate that hybridization was crucial in generating reproductive isolation3. Here we combine population genomic analysis with quantitative trait locus mapping of species-specific traits to examine a case of hybrid speciation in Heliconius butterflies. We show that Heliconius elevatus is a hybrid species that is sympatric with both parents and has persisted as an independently evolving lineage for at least 180,000 years. This is despite pervasive and ongoing gene flow with one parent, Heliconius pardalinus, which homogenizes 99% of their genomes. The remaining 1% introgressed from the other parent, Heliconius melpomene, and is scattered widely across the H. elevatus genome in islands of divergence from H. pardalinus. These islands contain multiple traits that are under disruptive selection, including colour pattern, wing shape, host plant preference, sex pheromones and mate choice. Collectively, these traits place H. elevatus on its own adaptive peak and permit coexistence with both parents. Our results show that speciation was driven by introgression of ecological traits, and that speciation with gene flow is possible with a multilocus genetic architecture.
Control of working memory by phase–amplitude coupling of human hippocampal neurons
Authors: Daume Jonathan , Kamiński Jan , Schjetnan Andrea G. P. , Salimpour Yousef , Khan Umais , Kyzar Michael , Reed Chrystal M. , Anderson William S. , Valiante Taufik A. , Mamelak Adam N. , Rutishauser Ueli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRetaining information in working memory is a demanding process that relies on cognitive control to protect memoranda-specific persistent activity from interference1,2. However, how cognitive control regulates working memory storage is unclear. Here we show that interactions of frontal control and hippocampal persistent activity are coordinated by theta–gamma phase–amplitude coupling (TG-PAC). We recorded single neurons in the human medial temporal and frontal lobe while patients maintained multiple items in their working memory. In the hippocampus, TG-PAC was indicative of working memory load and quality. We identified cells that selectively spiked during nonlinear interactions of theta phase and gamma amplitude. The spike timing of these PAC neurons was coordinated with frontal theta activity when cognitive control demand was high. By introducing noise correlations with persistently active neurons in the hippocampus, PAC neurons shaped the geometry of the population code. This led to higher-fidelity representations of working memory content that were associated with improved behaviour. Our results support a multicomponent architecture of working memory1,2, with frontal control managing maintenance of working memory content in storage-related areas3–5. Within this framework, hippocampal TG-PAC integrates cognitive control and working memory storage across brain areas, thereby suggesting a potential mechanism for top-down control over sensory-driven processes.
Control of neuronal excitation–inhibition balance by BMP–SMAD1 signalling
Authors: Okur Zeynep , Schlauri Nadia , Bitsikas Vassilis , Panopoulou Myrto , Ortiz Raul , Schwaiger Michaela , Karmakar Kajari , Schreiner Dietmar , Scheiffele Peter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThroughout life, neuronal networks in the mammalian neocortex maintain a balance of excitation and inhibition, which is essential for neuronal computation1,2. Deviations from a balanced state have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, and severe disruptions result in epilepsy3–5. To maintain balance, neuronal microcircuits composed of excitatory and inhibitory neurons sense alterations in neural activity and adjust neuronal connectivity and function. Here we identify a signalling pathway in the adult mouse neocortex that is activated in response to increased neuronal network activity. Overactivation of excitatory neurons is signalled to the network through an increase in the levels of BMP2, a growth factor that is well known for its role as a morphogen in embryonic development. BMP2 acts on parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons through the transcription factor SMAD1, which controls an array of glutamatergic synapse proteins and components of perineuronal nets. PV-interneuron-specific disruption of BMP2–SMAD1 signalling is accompanied by a loss of glutamatergic innervation in PV cells, underdeveloped perineuronal nets and decreased excitability. Ultimately, this impairment of the functional recruitment of PV interneurons disrupts the cortical excitation–inhibition balance, with mice exhibiting spontaneous epileptic seizures. Our findings suggest that developmental morphogen signalling is repurposed to stabilize cortical networks in the adult mammalian brain.
Immobilized lipase enzyme on green synthesized magnetic nanoparticles using Psidium guava leaves for dye degradation and antimicrobial activities
Authors: Fahim Yosri A. , El-Khawaga Ahmed M. , Sallam Reem M. , Elsayed Mohamed A. , Assar Mohamed Farag Ali 
Published: April 2024

AbstractZinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnF NPs) were synthesized by a green method using Psidium guava Leaves extract and characterized via structural and optical properties. The surface of ZnF NPs was stabilized with citric acid (CA) by a direct addition method to obtain (ZnF-CA NPs), and then lipase (LP) enzyme was immobilized on ZnF-CA NPs to obtain a modified ZnF-CA-LP nanocomposite (NCs). The prepared sample’s photocatalytic activity against Methylene blue dye (MB) was determined. The antioxidant activity of ZnF-CA-LP NCs was measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) as a source of free radicals. In addition, the antibacterial and antibiofilm capabilities of these substances were investigated by testing them against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ATCC 25923) and gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC 25922) bacterial strains. The synthesized ZnF NPs were discovered to be situated at the core of the material, as determined by XRD, HRTEM, and SEM investigations, while the CA and lipase enzymes were coated in this core. The ZnF-CA-LP NCs crystallite size was around 35.0 nm at the (311) plane. Results obtained suggested that 0.01 g of ZnF-CA-LP NCs achieved 96.0% removal of 5.0 ppm of MB at pH 9.0. In-vitro zone of inhibition (ZOI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results verified that ZnF-CA-LP NCs exhibited its encouraged antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli (20.0 ± 0.512, and 27.0 ± 0.651 mm ZOI, respectively) & (1.25, and 0.625 μg/ml MIC, respectively). ZnF-CA-LP NPs showed antibiofilm percentage against S. aureus (88.4%) and E. coli (96.6%). Hence, ZnF-CA-LP NCs are promising for potential applications in environmental and biomedical uses.
Comparative study of eco-friendly wire mesh configurations to enhance sustainability in reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Mebrahtom Misgina , Fissha Yewuhalashet , Ali Mujahid , Gebretsadik Angesom , Kide Yemane , Nguse Zaid , Gebrehiwot Zemicael , Flores Erick Saavedra , Avudaiappan Siva , Ikeda Hajime 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent and past studies mainly focus on reducing the dead weight of structure; therefore, they considered lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) which reduces the dead weight but also affects the strength parameters. Therefore, the current study aims to use varied steel wire meshes to investigate the effects of LWAC on mechanical properties. Three types of steel wire mesh are used such as hexagonal (chicken), welded square, and expanded metal mesh, in various layers and orientations in LWAC. Numerous mechanical characteristics were examined, including energy absorption (EA), compressive strength (CS), and flexural strength (FS). A total of ninety prisms and thirty-three cubes were made. For the FS test, forty-five 100 × 100 × 500 mm prism samples were poured, thirty-three 150 × 150 × 150 mm cube samples were made, and forty-five 400 × 300 × 75 mm EA specimens were costed for fourteen days of curing. The experimental findings demonstrate that the FS was enhanced by adding additional forces that spread the forces over the section. One layer of chicken, welded, and expanded metal mesh enhances the FS by 52.96%, 23.76%, and 22.2%, respectively. In comparison to the remaining layers, the FS in a single-layer hexagonal wire mesh has the maximum strength, 29.49 MPa. The hexagonal wire mesh with a single layer had the greatest CS, measuring 36.56 MPa. When all three types of meshes are combined, the CS does not vary in this way and is estimated to be 29.79 MPa. In the combination of three layers, the chicken and expanded wire mesh had the most energy recorded prior to final failure, which was 1425.6 and 1108.7 J, whereas it was found the highest 752.3 J for welded square wire mesh. The energy absorption for the first layer with hexagonal wire mesh increased by 82.81% prior to the crack and by 88.34% prior to the ultimate failure. Overall, it was determined and suggested that hexagonal wire mesh works better than expanded and welded wire meshes.
The prognostic value of sialylation-related long non-coding RNAs in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Beiru , Hou Chengyu , Yu Xiang , Liu Jiaxin , Wang Jiyong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in the role of epigenetic modification in cancers recently. Among the various modifications, sialylation has emerged as a dominant subtype implicated in tumor progression, metastasis, immune evasion, and chemoresistance. The prognostic significance of sialylation-related molecules has been demonstrated in colorectal cancer. However, the potential roles and regulatory mechanisms of sialylation in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been thoroughly investigated. Through Pearson correlation, univariate Cox hazards proportional regression, and random survival forest model analyses, we identified several prognostic long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with aberrant sialylation and tumor progression, including LINC00857, LINC00968, LINC00663, and ITGA9-AS1. Based on the signatures of four lncRNAs, we classified patients into two clusters with different landscapes using a non-negative matrix factorization approach. Collectively, patients in Cluster 1 (C1) exhibited worse prognoses than those in Cluster 2 (C2), as well as heavier tumor mutation burden. Functional enrichment analysis showed the enrichment of several pro-tumor pathways in C1, differing from the upregulated Longevity and programmed cell death pathways in C2. Moreover, we profiled immune infiltration levels of important immune cell lineages in two subgroups using MCPcounter scores and single sample gene set enrichment analysis scores, revealing a relatively immunosuppressive microenvironment in C1. Risk analysis indicated that LINC00857 may serve as a pro-tumor regulator, while the other three lncRNAs may be protective contributors. Consistently, we observed upregulated LINC00857 in C1, whereas increased expressive levels of LINC00968, LINC00663, and ITGA9-AS1 were observed in C2. Finally, drug sensitivity analysis suggested that patients in the two groups may benefit from different therapeutic strategies, contributing to precise treatment in LUAD. By integrating multi-omics data, we identified four core sialylation-related lncRNAs and successfully established a prognostic model to distinguish patients with different characterizations. These findings may provide some insights into the underlying mechanism of sialylation, and offer a new stratification way as well as clinical guidance in LUAD.
Simple and inexpensive microwave setup for industrial based applications: Quantification of flower honey adulteration as a case study
Authors: Hasar Ugur C. , Hasar Hafize , Ozturk Hamdullah , Korkmaz Huseyin , Kaya Yunus , Ozkaya Mehmet Akif , Ebrahimi Amir , Barroso Joaquim J. , Nayyeri Vahid , Ramahi Omar M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA simple and inexpensive microwave measurement setup based on measurements of magnitudes of transmission properties ($$|S_{21}|_{\text {dB}}$$

|

S
21

|

dB

) is proposed for industrial-based microwave aquametry (moisture or water content) applications. An easy-to-apply calibration procedure based on normalization is implemented to eliminate systematic errors in the measurement system. As a case study, we applied this setup for the quantification of water-adulteration in flower honey. After validating this system by distilled water and pure flower honey measurements, $$|S_{21}|_{\text {dB}}$$

|

S
21

|

dB

measurements of the pure flower honey with various adulteration percentages ($$\delta$$
δ
) up to 9% are conducted to examine the performance of the measurement setup for quantification of water adulteration. A multi-dimensional fitting procedure is implemented to predict $$\delta$$
δ
using the proposed inexpensive microwave measurement setup. It is shown that it is possible to quantify an adulteration level with an accuracy better than $${\mp } 1$$

∓
1

% by the proposed measurement setup and the applied multi-dimensional fitting procedure.
Convolutional spiking neural networks for intent detection based on anticipatory brain potentials using electroencephalogram
Authors: Lutes Nathan , Nadendla Venkata Sriram Siddhardh , Krishnamurthy K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpiking neural networks (SNNs) are receiving increased attention because they mimic synaptic connections in biological systems and produce spike trains, which can be approximated by binary values for computational efficiency. Recently, the addition of convolutional layers to combine the feature extraction power of convolutional networks with the computational efficiency of SNNs has been introduced. This paper studies the feasibility of using a convolutional spiking neural network (CSNN) to detect anticipatory slow cortical potentials (SCPs) related to braking intention in human participants using an electroencephalogram (EEG). Data was collected during an experiment wherein participants operated a remote-controlled vehicle on a testbed designed to simulate an urban environment. Participants were alerted to an incoming braking event via an audio countdown to elicit anticipatory potentials that were measured using an EEG. The CSNN’s performance was compared to a standard CNN, EEGNet and three graph neural networks via 10-fold cross-validation. The CSNN outperformed all the other neural networks, and had a predictive accuracy of 99.06% with a true positive rate of 98.50%, a true negative rate of 99.20% and an F1-score of 0.98. Performance of the CSNN was comparable to the CNN in an ablation study using a subset of EEG channels that localized SCPs. Classification performance of the CSNN degraded only slightly when the floating-point EEG data were converted into spike trains via delta modulation to mimic synaptic connections.
Changes in concentration performance and alternating attention after short-term virtual reality training in E-athletes: a pilot study
Authors: Lachowicz Maciej , Żurek Alina , Jamro Dariusz , Serweta-Pawlik Anna , Żurek Grzegorz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the dynamic landscape of e-sports, where intense competitive gaming demands high cognitive abilities, concentration performance and alternating attention play a pivotal role. E-sports encompass diverse genres, each requiring specific cognitive functions. Maintaining unwavering focus is crucial, as split-second decisions can determine victory. The study explores the potential of Virtual Reality (VR) training to enhance concentration performance and alternating attention, shedding light on the importance and possibilities of optimizing cognitive abilities for e-athletes. VR training emerges as a promising intervention, offering immersive environments for cognitive exercises. The study investigates the impact of VR training on concentration performance and alternating attention in amateur e-athletes, utilizing standardized tests. A randomized controlled trial with 66 participants reveals significant improvements in the VR training group, highlighting the adaptability and plasticity of cognitive processes. The findings suggest that VR training can enhance concentration abilities, providing valuable insights for e-sports and potentially extending to other fields requiring sustained attention and rapid task-switching. The study underscores the convergence of cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and VR technology, paving the way for innovative training methodologies and advancements in e-sports performance.