bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized clinical trial comparing the effects on renal function of hydroxyethyl starch or gelatine during aortic aneurysm surgery
Authors: Mahmood A , Gosling P , Vohra R K 
Published: March 2007

Abstract

Background
The optimal colloid for renal protection during abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery is not known. This study compared the effects of two hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions and gelatine on perioperative renal function.

Methods
Sixty-two patients undergoing AAA surgery were randomized to 6 per cent HES of molecular weight 200/0·62 kDa or 130/0·4 kDa, or 4 per cent gelatine for plasma expansion. Measurements were taken of serum urea and creatinine to mark glomerular filtration, urinary immunoglobulin G : creatinine ratio to mark glomerular membrane function and α1-microglobulin : creatinine ratio to mark tubular dysfunction before, and for 5 days after, surgery.

Results
Serum urea was lower in both HES groups than the gelatine group. Serum creatinine was lower with HES 130/0·4 compared with gelatine at days 1, 2 and 5 after surgery (P = 0·020, P = 0·045 and P = 0·045 respectively). Urinary α1-microglobulin : creatinine ratio was lower with HES 200/0·62 compared with gelatine at 4 and 8 h (P &lt; 0·050) and lower with HES 130/0·4 compared with gelatine at 4 to 24 h, and on days 4 and 5 (P &lt; 0·050). Urinary immunoglobulin G : creatinine was lower in both HES groups compared with gelatine. There was no difference between the two starch groups.

Conclusion
Compared with gelatine, volume expansion with both types of HES during AAA surgery improved renal function and reduced renal injury.
A risk score for predicting perioperative blood transfusion in liver surgery
Authors: Pulitanò C , Arru M , Bellio L , Rossini S , Ferla G , Aldrighetti L 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundIt would be desirable to predict which patients are most likely to benefit from preoperative autologous blood donation. This aim of this study was to develop a point scoring system for predicting the need for blood transfusion in liver surgery.MethodsThe medical records of 480 consecutive patients who underwent hepatic resection were analysed. The data set was split randomly into a derivation set of two-thirds and a validation set of one-third. Univariable analysis was carried out to determine the association between clinicopathological factors and blood transfusion. Significant variables were entered into a multiple logistic regression model, and a transfusion risk score (TRS) was developed. The accuracy of the system was validated by calculating the area under the receiver–operator characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsFactors associated with blood transfusion in multivariable analysis included preoperative haemoglobin concentration below 12·5 g/dl, largest tumour more than 4 cm, need for exposure of the vena cava, need for an associated procedure, and cirrhosis. Each variable was assigned one point, and the total score was compared with the transfusion status of each patient in the validation set. The TRS accurately predicted the likelihood of blood transfusion. In the validation set the area under the ROC curve was 0·89.ConclusionUse of the TRS could lead to substantial saving by improving the cost-effectiveness of the autologous blood donation programme.
A tale of three papers (Br J Surg 2006; 93: 1560–1562)
Authors: Smith S R G , Calleary J G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and publishe in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
General Synthesis and Aggregation Behaviour of a Series of Single‐Chain 1,ω‐Bis(phosphocholines)
Authors: Drescher Simon , Meister Annette , Blume Alfred , Karlsson Göran , Almgren Mats , Dobner Bodo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and physicochemical characterisation of a series of polymethylene‐1,ω‐bis(phosphocholines) with even‐numbered chain lengths between 22 and 32 carbon atoms is described. Two new synthetic strategies for the preparation of long‐chain 1,ω‐diols as hydrocarbon building blocks are presented. The temperature‐dependent self‐assembly of the single‐chain bolaamphiphiles was investigated by cryo transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Cell‐Specific and Nuclear Targeting with [M(CO)3]+ (M=99mTc, Re)‐Based Complexes Conjugated to Acridine Orange and Bombesin
Authors: Agorastos Nikos , Borsig Lubor , Renard Anabelle , Antoni Philipp , Viola Giampietro , Spingler Bernhard , Kurz Philipp , Alberto Roger 
Published: March 2007

AbstractReceptor‐specific nuclear targeting requires trifunctional metal complexes. We have synthesized [M(L2‐pept)(L1‐acr)(CO)3] (pept=peptide; acr=acridine‐based agent) in which the fac‐[M(CO)3]+ moiety (1st function, M=99mTc, Re) couples an acridine‐based nuclear‐targeting agent (2nd function, L1‐acr) and the specific cell‐receptor‐binding peptide bombesin (3rd function, L2‐pept). The metal‐mediated coupling is based on the mixed ligand [2+1] principle. The nuclear targeting agents have been derivatised with an isocyanide group for monodentate (L1) and bombesin (BBN) with a bidentate ligand (L2) for complexation to fac‐[M(CO)3]+. For nuclear uptake studies, the model complexes [Re(L2)(L1‐acr)(CO)3] (L2=pyridine‐2‐carboxylic acid and pyridine‐2,4‐dicarboxylic acid) were synthesized and structurally characterized. We selected acridine derivatives as nuclear‐targeting agents, because they are very good nucleus‐staining agents and exhibit strong fluorescence. Despite the bulky metal complexes attached to acridine, all [Re(L2)(L1‐acr)(CO)3] showed high accumulation in the nuclei of PC3 and B16F1 cells, as evidenced by fluorescence microscopy. For radiopharmaceutical purposes, the 99mTc analogues have been prepared and radioactivity distribution confirmed the fluorescence results. Coupling of BBN to L2 gave the receptor‐selective complexes [M(L2‐BBN)(L1‐acr)(CO)3]. Whereas no internalization was found with B16F1 cells, fluorescence microscopy on PC3 cells bearing the BBN receptor showed high and rapid uptake by receptor‐mediated endocytosis into the cytoplasm, but not into the nucleus.
Alkaline Earth Chloride Hydrates: Chlorine Quadrupolar and Chemical Shift Tensors by Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy and Plane Wave Pseudopotential Calculations
Authors: Bryce David L. , Bultz Elijah B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA series of alkaline earth chloride hydrates has been studied by solid‐state 35/37Cl NMR spectroscopy in order to characterize the chlorine electric field gradient (EFG) and chemical shift (CS) tensors and to relate these observables to the structure around the chloride ions. Chlorine‐35/37 NMR spectra of solid powdered samples of pseudopolymorphs (hydrates) of magnesium chloride (MgCl2⋅6 H2O), calcium chloride (CaCl2⋅2 H2O), strontium chloride (SrCl2, SrCl2⋅2 H2O, and SrCl2⋅6 H2O), and barium chloride (BaCl2⋅2 H2O) have been acquired under stationary and magic‐angle spinning conditions in magnetic fields of 11.75 and 21.1 T. Powder X‐ray diffraction was used as an additional tool to confirm the purity and identity of the samples. Chlorine‐35 quadrupolar coupling constants (CQ) range from essentially zero in cubic anhydrous SrCl2 to 4.26±0.03 MHz in calcium chloride dihydrate. CS tensor spans, Ω, are between 40 and 72 ppm, for example, Ω= 45±20 ppm for SrCl2⋅6 H2O. Plane wave‐pseudopotential density functional theory, as implemented in the CASTEP program, was employed to model the extended solid lattices of these materials for the calculation of their chlorine EFG and nuclear magnetic shielding tensors, and allowed for the assignment of the two‐site chlorine NMR spectra of barium chloride dihydrate. This work builds upon our current understanding of the relationship between chlorine NMR interaction tensors and the local molecular and electronic structure, and highlights the particular sensitivity of quadrupolar nucleus solid‐state NMR spectroscopy to the differences between various pseudopolymorphic structures in the case of strontium chloride.
P53 expression in squamous cell carcinomas of the supraglottic larynx and its lymph node metastases
Authors: Cabanillas Rubén , Rodrigo Juan Pablo , Astudillo Aurora , Domínguez Francisco , Suárez Carlos , Chiara Maria Dolores 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Although p53 overexpression is frequent in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), controversy remains regarding the prognostic significance of that overexpression. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression pattern and prognostic significance of p53 expression in HNSCC of the same location, treated in the same way, and with long‐term follow‐up.METHODS.P53 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens from 107 consecutive patients (107 primary squamous cell carcinomas of the supraglottic larynx and 46 matched lymph node metastases). All patients underwent surgical resection and bilateral neck dissection.RESULTS.A strong correlation was observed between p53 expression in the primary tumor and in the matched lymph node metastases (P = .0001). P53 overexpression in the lymph nodes was an independent predictor of regional recurrence (P = .027). Likewise, expression of p53 in the lymph nodes correlated significantly with disease‐specific survival (P = .018). Five years after treatment, 70% of patients with p53‐negative, metastatic lymph nodes remained alive, whereas only 30% of patients with p53‐positive lymph nodes remained alive. In multivariate analysis, lymph node status and p53 expression in the lymph nodes remained associated with survival.CONCLUSIONS.The current data suggested that, although p53 overexpression is common in supraglottic carcinomas, its expression in the primary tumor is of limited clinical significance. However, the results supported the role of p53 in the lymph node metastases as an independent predictor of regional failure and a poor prognosis in patients with HNSCC. A prospective trial is indicated to validate these findings. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Efficient packet classification on network processors
Authors: Vlaeminck Koert , Stevens Tim , Van de Meerssche Wim , De Turck Filip , Dhoedt Bart , Demeester Piet 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAlways‐on networking and a growing interest in multimedia‐ and conversational‐IP services offer an opportunity to network providers to participate in the service layer, if they increase functional intelligence in their networks. An important prerequisite to providing advanced services in IP access networks is the availability of a high‐speed packet classification module in the network nodes, necessary for supporting any IP service imaginable. Often, access nodes are installed in remote offices, where they terminate a large number of subscriber lines. As such, technology adding processing power in this environment should be energy‐efficient, whilst maintaining the flexibility to cope with changing service requirements. Network processor units (NPUs) are designed to overcome these operational restrictions, and in this context this paper investigates their suitability for wireline and robust packet classification in a firewalling application. State‐of‐the‐art packet classification algorithms are examined, whereafter the performance and memory requirements are compared for a Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) and sequential search approach. Several space optimizations for implementing BDD classifiers on NPU hardware are discussed and it is shown that the optimized BDD classifier is able to operate at gigabit wirespeed, independent of the ruleset size, which is a major advantage over a sequential search classifier. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are sulphonylureas all the same? A cohort study on cardiovascular and cancer‐related mortality
Authors: Monami M. , Balzi D. , Lamanna C. , Barchielli A. , Masotti G. , Buiatti E. , Marchionni N. , Mannucci E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundAim of the present study is the comparison of all‐cause, cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular mortality, and cardiac morbidity, between patients treated with glibenclamide and gliclazide.MethodsA retrospective observational cohort study was performed on a consecutive series of 568 outpatients (282 women, 286 men) with type 2 diabetes treated with either glibenclamide (n = 378) or gliclazide (n = 190). Information on all‐cause mortality and on causes of death up to 31 December 2004 was obtained by the City of Florence Registry Office. Non‐fatal cases requiring hospitalization were identified through the regional hospital discharge system using International Classification of Diseases.ResultsMean follow‐up was 5.0 ± 1.6 and 4.4 ± 2.0 years for death and cardiac events, respectively; during follow‐up, 33 and 11 deaths were observed in the glibenclamide and gliclazide groups, with a yearly mortality rate of 4.3 and 2.2%, respectively (p < 0.05). At Cox regression, after adjustment for potential confounders, including comorbidity, glibenclamide treatment was associated with a significant increase in all‐cause mortality [OR 2.1(1.2;2.7), p < 0.05], while the difference in cardiovascular mortality was not statistically significant after adjustment for age and sex. Mortality for malignancies was significantly higher in patients treated with glibenclamide after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and insulin and metformin treatment, [OR 3.6(1.1;11.9); p < 0.05]. A higher incidence of cardiac events was associated with glibenclamide treatment only in patients with previously known ischaemic heart disease.ConclusionsTreatment with glibenclamide could be associated with higher mortality for cardiovascular diseases and malignancies, in comparison with gliclazide. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced NO synthesis and eNOS mRNA expression in endothelial cells from newborns with a strong family history of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Alvarado‐Vásquez Noé , Zapata Estrella , Alcázar‐Leyva Susana , Massó Felipe , Montaño Luis F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundA deficient synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) may play a role in the early endothelial dysfunction of healthy humans with a strong family history of type 2 diabetes (DM2). In this study, we evaluate the intracellular synthesis of NO and the expression of eNOS transcripts in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), exposed to high glucose concentrations, of healthy newborns with (experimental) and without (control) a strong family history of DM2.MethodsHUVECs were incubated in M‐199 culture media (containing a 5 mmol/L physiological glucose concentration) or supraphysiological glucose concentrations (15 or 30 mmol/L), for 48 h. Flow cytometry, reactive of Griess and RT‐PCR were used to determine intracellular NO synthesis, presence of NO metabolites, and expression of eNOS, GLUT1 or p53 transcripts.ResultsNO synthesis in experimental HUVECs showed a progressive reduction in the presence of increasing glucose concentration (11% for 5 mmol to 8% for 30 mmol; p < 0.01), whereas control HUVECs showed an increase in NO synthesis (3% for 5 mmol to 31% for 30 mmol; p < 0.001). In experimental HUVECs, we found a diminished expression of eNOS and p53, and also an enhanced expression of GLUT1 mRNA transcripts. Control HUVECs showed an increase in eNOS, and no modifications in p53 or GLUT1 mRNA transcripts.ConclusionsOur results show how HUVECs, isolated from healthy newborns with a strong family history of DM2, have an abnormal intracellular synthesis of NO and an impaired expression of eNOS, GLUT1 and p53 genes, all associated with NO synthesis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Energetic Nitroformate Salts
Authors: Huang Yangen , Gao Haixiang , Twamley Brendan , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNew energetic nitroformate salts that contain high‐nitrogen cations were synthesized by taking advantage of the relatively high acidity of nitroform. All of the new salts have been characterized by elemental, spectral, and thermal analyses. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of 2 shows that it is a co‐crystal of a neutral 4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole molecule with the 4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazolium nitroformate ion pair. The presence of the neutral molecule appears to lend stability to the salt. The structure of 3,6‐diguanidino‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazinium nitroformate (10) was also confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Theoretical performance calculations indicate that these materials have properties which compare favorably with hydrazinium nitroformate, TNT and Tetryl suggesting potential applications as eco‐friendly oxidizers. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Conformational Analysis of Heteroannularly Substituted Ferrocene Oligoamides
Authors: Lapić Jasmina , Siebler Daniel , Heinze Katja , Rapić Vladimir 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe main conformer of symmetrical conjugates of ferrocene‐1,1′‐dicarboxylic acid with natural amino acids – Fn(CO–AA1–2–OMe)2 (type I, Fn = ferrocene‐1,1′‐diyl, AA = L‐α‐amino acid) – is supported by two hydrogen bonds between the peptide substituents. To compare intramolecular hydrogen bond patterns of type I conjugates with related asymmetrically substituted derivatives, type II (MeNHCO–Fn–CO–AA–OMe) and type III conjugates (MeNHCO–Fn–CO–AA–NHMe) were prepared in moderate‐to‐good yields in a few steps starting from 1′‐(methoxycarbonyl)ferrocene‐1‐carboxylic acid by using the HOBt/EDC method (AA = Gly, Ala, Val). 1H NMR spectroscopic variation ratio analysis suggests that an increase in the steric demand of the amino acid side chains favours conformations with hydrogen‐bonded FnCONHMe groups. CD spectroscopy of chiral derivatives reveals that (P)‐helical conformations predominate in solution. The experimental findings are in accordance with DFT calculations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Bivariate distributed lag models for the analysis of temperature‐by‐pollutant interaction effect on mortality
Authors: Muggeo Vito M. R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper introduces Bivariate Distributed Lags Models (BDLMs) to investigate synergic effect of temperature and airborne particles on mortality. These models seem particulary attractive since they allow to model interactions between such environmental variables accounting for possible delayed effects. A B‐spline framework is used to approximate the coefficient surface of the temperature‐by‐pollutant interaction and possible alternatives are also discussed. A case study of mortality time‐series data in Palermo, Italy, is presented to illustrate the model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A random process for earthquake simulation
Authors: Hsu T.‐I , Bernard M. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSome existing models for the simulation of earthquake acceleration show the difficulties in determining the involved parameters and in describing frequency content. A non‐stationary modulated random process obtained as the product of a time envelope function and a stationary random function is used to simulate earthquake acceleration. The parameters and the distribution of frequencies of the simulation process are obtainable from past earthquake records. This simple and realistic model is suggested for use as the input process in aseismic design of structures.
A note on the numerical evaluation of Duhamel's integral
Authors: Dempsey K. M. , Irvine H. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractGeneral expressions are derived for the numerical evaluation of Duhamel's integral and its derivative. The work comprises an extension (to unequal time steps) and an application (to a piecewise linear forcing function) of the numerical integration approach adopted by Cronin.1 The application is particularly relevant to the digital computation of response spectra from strong motion earthquake records.
Transverse seismic response analysis of offshore pipelines in proximity to the sea‐bed
Authors: Nath B. , Soh C. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBoth harmonic and seismic responses of several idealized offshore oil pipelines in proximity to the sea‐bed have been studied in this paper by using a digital computer algorithm. In this, spatial discretization was based on finite elements, with nodal lumped masses, while a step‐by‐step explicit forward integration scheme was implemented for processing in the time domain.A study of the basic system parameters shows that pipe response to a horizontal transverse ground excitation is mainly affected by the clearance between the pipe and the sea‐bed, pipe geometry and its end‐restraints. Results also show that the overall effect of non‐linear pressure drag is not substantial.Relevant fluid dynamic aspects affecting system response as well as possible effects of marine growth on pipe surface and structural/chemical degradation of the pipe coating are also discussed.
An improved formulation of the parabolic isoparametric element for explicit transient analysis
Authors: Donea J. , Laval H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe difficulties encountered in the use of standard, Galerkin‐type, parabolic isoparametric elements for explicit transient analysis are illustrated. These are associated with the mass lumping procedure as well as with incoherencies in the nodal loads induced by the element local field. To overcome these difficulties, it is suggested that the parabolic element equations be formulated by a weighted residual method in which the weighting functions are the usual serendipity functions modified by an appropriate bubble‐shape function. It is shown that such a formulation enables all the shortcomings of the Galerkin approach to be overcome. An example problem indicates the extent of improvement in results that can be obtained by the proposed method.
Random response analysis of a non‐linear soil‐suspension bridge pier
Authors: Yamada Y. , Takemiya H. , Kawano K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe structure analysed herein is a tower and pier system of a long‐span suspension bridge. The tower shaft is modelled to allow classical normal modes decomposition in order to reduce higher modes. The pier is assumed to be rigid body free to translation as well as to rocking motion, being reacted by the surrounding soil compliance that is derived from a continuum mechanics approach. Linear and non‐linear soil and structural dynamic interaction is dealt with by random vibration theory with use of the linearization technique and complex modal analysis. Primary interest is placed on the investigation of the dynamic characteristics of the total interaction system and the rms response with change of the soil condition and input excitation level. Also discussed is the approximate response analysis, using classical normal modes for the interaction system, for purposes of practical design.
Seismic design requirements in a Mexican 1976 code
Authors: Rosenblueth Emilio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn December 1976 the new version of Mexico's Federal District Building Code was officially approved. It differs from previous versions in several matters: design values are based on a probabilistic assessment of seismicity, on a more careful and better substantiated consideration of wave filtering through the peculiar lacustrine soil and on approximate design optimization; ductility receives explicit treatment; and there are significant improvements in the treatment of overturning moments, torques, etc. The paper discusses these matters and contains information on code evolution in Mexico and on the implementation in the Federal District.