bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous training effect in exchange‐biased MnPd/Co bilayers
Authors: Phuoc Nguyen Nguyen , Thuy Nguyen Phu , Tuan Nguyen Anh 
Published: November 2008

AbstractExchange bias has been studied for a series of MnPd/Co bilayers sputtered onto Si(100) by an RF sputter‐deposition system. The double‐shifted loops with an anomalous training effect have been observed. The manifestation of double‐shifted loops is interpreted as the coexistence of positive exchange bias and negative exchange bias, which is in agreement with the temperature dependence and the observed anomalous training effect. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First‐order spatial coherence of indirect excitons in coupled quantum wells
Authors: Mouchliadis Leonidas , Ivanov Alexei L. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe discuss a k∥‐filtering effect for the optical coherence function of indirect excitons in coupled quantum wells. In far‐field optical experiments the light collected from the low‐energy excitons inside the radiative zone produces interference patterns due to the very small difference between their momenta. This small fraction of the exciton distribution is further reduced due to the angular aperture of the experimental apparatus which corresponds to a maximum wavevector and results in a damped oscillatory behavior of the coherence function.Calculation of the optical coherence function above the phase transition temperature yields a coherence length consistent with the experiments, in contrast to the actual coherence length of indirect excitons which is smaller by an order of magnitude. The k∥‐filtering effect can naturally explain the recently observed large coherence lengths without the assumption of a condensed or superfluid phase. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ultrafast intensity correlation measurements of quantum dot microcavity lasers
Authors: Aßmann M. , Berstermann T. , Wiersig J. , Gies C. , Jahnke F. , Kistner C. , Reitzenstein S. , Forchel A. , Bayer M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe present an experimental technique, which allows us to determine the second order correlation function g(2) (t, t + τ) with picosecond time resolution. The method involves a streak camera which is modified such that a signal at fixed wavelength can be monitored after each pulsed laser excitation. From these measurements insight into the quantum optical properties of light emission from semiconductor nanostructures with dynamics on the sub‐ns time scale can be taken.To demonstrate the possibilities of our setup, we present time resolved g(2)‐measurements of quantum dot VCSEL micropillar emission. We show, that our measurement scheme enables us to determine the transition from predominantly spontaneous emission towards stimulated emission and the temporal evolution of the intensity correlation function. Additionally, we are also able to identify unexpected features like dynamical antibunching. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A way to a single frequency precession of an inhomogeneous ensemble of electron spins in InGaAs quantum dots
Authors: Greilich A. , Spatzek S. , Efros Al. L. , Yugova I.A. , Yakovlev D.R. , Reuter D. , Wieck A.D. , Bayer M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe show a possible way to the realization of a robust macroscopical quantum bit on the basis of an inhomogeneous ensemble of electron spins. In our case, electrons are confined in a self‐assembled (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots which are excited by a periodical laser pulses. The precession of electron spins in a transversemagnetic field is monitored by the time‐resolved Faraday rotation technique. Due to mode‐locking effect and a focusing of the electron spins precession on a discrete number of modes by the nuclei it should be possible to drive all the electron spins into a single precession mode. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Naphthenic acids as indicators of crude oil biodegradation in soil, based on semi‐quantitative electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Hughey Christine A. , Minardi Carina S. , Galasso‐Roth Samantha A. , Paspalof George B. , Mapolelo Mmilili M. , Rodgers Ryan P. , Marshall Alan G. , Ruderman Daniel L. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCrude oil contaminated soil cores were collected from a basin that contained oily solids left from three decades of oil production. Hydrocarbon biomarker analyses revealed that the soil extracts were moderately biodegraded compared with the non‐degraded source oil. The degree of biodegradation also decreased with core depth (7 cm to 1 m). These data were correlated to compositional changes observed in acidic NSO‐compounds that were selectively ionized and mass resolved by negative ion electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT‐ICR MS). Among the NSO‐compounds ionized, the increase in naphthenic acid concentration (e.g., acyclic and alicyclic carboxylic acids) best correlated with the increase in biodegradation (e.g., from non‐degraded to moderately degraded) as determined by the hydrocarbon biomarker analyses. The most biodegraded surface extracts (7 cm) exhibited an 80% increase in the abundance of acids relative to the source oil. Use of an internal standard allowed the semi‐quantitative determination of the total naphthenic acid concentration, which decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with soil depth. Furthermore, the shift to higher double bond equivalents (DBEs), from acyclic to alicyclic acids, indicated that the increase in acids in the soil extracts was predominately due to biotic processes. This work demonstrates the potential of ESI FT‐ICR MS as a semi‐quantitative tool to monitor the production of naphthenic acids during crude oil biotransformation in the environment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relation of technology to politics in infrastructure development: the chain phenomenon and its relation to sustainable development
Authors: Sutheerawatthana Pitch , Minato Takayuki 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis article claims that an analysis of secondary effects of technology is essential for sustainable development. It then proposes the idea of chain effects defined as the creation of a series of solutions subsequent to the initial impacts of an infrastructure. It depicts the mechanism of how a series of solutions forms orders of decision‐making processes in accordance with interests of particular groups of stakeholders. The analysis employs an eclectic approach consisting of the concept of ‘what governs’ and ‘who governs’. From the viewpoint of ‘what governs’, it indicates at least three patterns of chain. The analysis of the chain, from the viewpoint of ‘who governs’, suggests an interesting characteristic of stakeholders' decisions. Two case studies are taken for the discussion to develop propositions associated with the political aspects of infrastructure development. They include successive advantage‐taking behaviors by particular groups of stakeholders, and embedded values along the process of chain. Sustainable development of infrastructure is unlikely to be achieved without consideration of chain effects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Evaluation of the instrument for three‐dimensional atom probe (3DAP)
Authors: Kaneko T. , Ito S. , Yamashita C. , Mayama N. , Iwata T. , Nojima M. , Taniguchi M. , Owari M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper reports the evaluation and operation of laser pulse assisted three‐dimensional atom probe (3DAP). With wide angle acceptance using femto second pulse laser, high speed time to digital converter, and newly designed sample‐extraction electrode integrated sample holder, we can get high performance, easy to treat and wide angle 3DAP. The change of the resolution in the application to pure metals such as Mo was observed when the laser condition (laser polarization and implied voltage) was changed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mercury‐induced oxidative stress in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Shiyab Safwan , Chen Jian , Han Fengxiang X. , Monts David L. , Matta Fank B. , Gu Mengmeng , Su Yi , Masad Motasim A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMercury, a potent neurotoxin, is released to the environment in significant amounts by both natural processes and anthropogenic activities. No natural hyperaccumulator plant has been reported for mercury phytoremediation. Few studies have been conducted on the physiological responses of Indian mustard, a higher biomass plant with faster growth rates, to mercury pollution. This study investigated the phytotoxicity of mercury to Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and mercury‐induced oxidative stress in order to examine the potential application of Indian mustard to mercury phytoremediation. Two common cultivars (Florida Broadleaf and Longstanding) of Indian mustard were grown hydroponically in a mercury‐spiked solution. Plant uptake, antioxidative enzymes, peroxides, and lipid peroxidation under mercury stress were investigated. Antioxidant enzymes (catalase, CAT; peroxidase, POD; and superoxide dismutase, SOD) were the most sensitive indices of mercury‐induced oxidative response of Indian mustard plants. Indian mustard effectively generated an enzymatic antioxidant defense system (especially CAT) to scavenge H2O2, resulting in lower H2O2 in shoots with higher mercury concentrations. These two cultivars of Indian mustard demonstrated an efficient metabolic defense and adaptation system to mercury‐induced oxidative stress. A majority of Hg was accumulated in the roots and low translocations of Hg from roots to shoots were found in two cultivars of Indian mustard. Thus Indian mustard might be a potential candidate plant for phytofiltration/phytostabilization of mercury contaminated waters and wastewater. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
Effects of UVA and visible light on the photogenotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene and pyrene
Authors: Botta Céline , Di Giorgio Carole , Sabatier Anne‐Sophie , De Méo Michel 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis study investigated the role of UVA/visible light (U, 320–800 nm) and visible light (V, 400–800 nm) in the phototoxicity and photogenotoxicity of two ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH): benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and Pyrene (Pyr). These mechanisms were evaluated by the WST‐1 test and the comet assay on normal human keratinocytes (NHK) and by the micronucleus test on CHO cells. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assessed through the induction of 8‐oxodeoxyguanine (8‐oxodG) lesions by immunofluorescence staining in NHK. Results of the WST‐1 test revealed the phototoxic properties of BaP and Pyr after irradiation with U and V lights. BaP presented the highest phototoxic properties. Results of the comet assay showed that U‐ and V‐irradiated BaP and Pyr induced increasing rates of DNA single‐strand breaks in NHK, in a dose dependent manner. The tested PAH could also induce increased levels of micronuclei in CHO cells after U and V irradiations. Increasing 8‐oxodG levels were detected after U and V irradiations in BaP‐ and Pyr‐treated keratinocytes and confirmed the involvement of ROS in the photogenotoxicity of PAH. Overall, this study highlighted the existence of an alternative pathway of PAH genotoxicity that is induced by UVA and/or visible light. Visible light is suggested to photoactivate PAH by a mechanism which is mainly based on oxidative reactions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
Critical role of PBEF expression in pulmonary cell inflammation and permeability
Authors: Liu Peng , Li Hailong , Cepeda Javier , Zhang Li Qin , Cui Xiuyun , Garcia Joe G.N. , Ye Shui Qing 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPrevious studies in our lab have identified pre‐B‐cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF) as a novel biomarker in acute lung injury. This study continues to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of PBEF in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury in pulmonary cell culture models. Our results revealed that IL‐1β induced PBEF expression in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells at the transcriptional level and a −1535 T‐variant in the human PBEF gene promoter significantly attenuated its binding to an IL‐1β‐induced unknown transcription factor. This may underlie the reduced expression of PBEF and thus the lower susceptibility to acute lung injury in −1535T carriers. Furthermore, overexpression of PBEF significantly augmented IL‐8 secretion and mRNA expression by more than 6‐fold and 2‐fold in A549 cells and HPAEC, respectively. It also significantly augmented IL‐1β‐mediated cell permeability by 44% in A549 cells and 65% in endothelial cells. The knockdown of PBEF expression significantly inhibited IL‐1β‐stimulated IL‐8 secretion and mRNA level by 60% and 70%, respectively, and the knockdown of PBEF expression also significantly attenuated IL‐1β‐induced cell permeability by 29% in epithelial cells and 24% in endothelial cells. PBEF expression also affected the expression of two other inflammatory cytokines (IL‐16 and CCR3 genes). These results suggest that PBEF is critically involved in pulmonary vascular and epithelial inflammation and permeability, which are hallmark features in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. This study lends further support to our finding that PBEF is a potential new target in acute lung injury.
Direct pro‐arrhythmogenic effects of angiotensin II can be suppressed by AT1 receptor blockade in human atrial myocardium
Authors: von Lewinski Dirk , Kockskämper Jens , Rübertus Sven‐Ulrich , Zhu Danan , Schmitto Jan D. , Schöndube Friedrich A. , Hasenfuss Gerd , Pieske Burkert 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice. Indirect evidence from clinical trials demonstrates that chronic inhibition of the renin–angiotensin‐system (RAS) significantly reduces the incidence of AF. Since mechanisms of this protective effect of RAS‐blockade are poorly understood, we directly tested proarrhythmic effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) in human atrial myocardium.Methods:Isolated trabeculae from human atrial appendages (n = 80) were electrically stimulated. We assessed isometric force and incidence of arrhythmic extra contractions (AECs) with and without increasing concentrations of Ang II (1–1000 nmol/L) in the absence or presence of receptor‐blockade by saralasin (non‐specific ATR‐antagonist), irbesartan (AT1R‐antagonist) or PD123319 (AT2R‐antagonist).Results:Twitch force and AECs concentration‐dependently increased with Ang II. Effects became significant at concentrations >1 nmol/L Ang II and were maximal at 1000 nmol/L (increase in twitch force to 157±14% and AECs from 0 to 80%) saralasin and irbesartan partially prevented the inotropic effect of 100 nmol/L Ang II (by 4±12% and 68±6%; p<0.05), and completely prevented the occurrence of AECs.Conclusion:Ang II exerts direct pro‐arrhythmic effects in human atrial myocardium. These effects are mediated by AT1‐receptors and can be prevented by AT1R‐blockade. This mechanism may contribute to the beneficial effects of RAS‐blockade on AF in clinical trials.
Comparison of Quality of Life in Advanced Laryngeal Cancer Patients after Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy vs Total Laryngectomy
Authors: Trivedi Nirav Pravin , Swaminathan Dhanya Kalathungal , Thankappan Krishnakumar , Chatni Shilpa , Kuriakose Moni Abraham , Iyer Subramania 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveTo compare quality of life (QOL) of patients with advanced laryngeal cancers treated by total laryngectomy with those who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy.Study DesignThis is a cross‐sectional study of the patients treated in our institution who have completed one year of follow‐up and were disease‐free at the time of evaluation.Subjects and MethodForty patients treated for advanced cancer of the larynx (stage III/IV), either by concurrent chemoradiation (11) or total laryngectomy and postoperative radiation (29), have been included in this study. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Head and Neck (FACT‐H&N) version 4 questionnaire was used.ResultsTotal scores for overall QOL are equal in both treatment groups (P = 0.69). Scores for individual components are similar in both treatment groups. However, dryness of mouth is significantly worse in the chemoradiotherapy group (P = 0.01) and ability to communicate with others is poorer in the laryngectomy group (P = 0.03).ConclusionLong‐term overall QOL remains similar in all the patients treated for advanced carcinoma of the larynx irrespective of treatment modality.
Incidence and Histopathological Behavior of Papillary Microcarcinomas: Study of 429 cases
Authors: Pakdaman Michael N. , Rochon Louise , Gologan Olguta , Tamilia Michael , Garfield Natasha , Hier Michael P. , Black Martin J. , Payne Richard J. 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveWe aim to present papillary microcarcinoma (PMC) incidence at a university teaching hospital, to compare characteristics of PMC in relation to size, and to assess for significant difference in PMC incidence among patients with non‐PMC thyroid malignancies.Materials and MethodsPathology results were reviewed for consecutive total thyroidectomies between 2002 and 2007 (n = 860). Statistical significance was calculated using χ2 or, when unavailable, Fisher exact test.ResultsPMC was found in 429 cases, which is 49.9 percent of all total thyroidectomies. In PMC ≥5 mm, 25.1 percent had extrathyroidal extension vs 9.1 percent for <5 mm (P < 0.001). When 4 mm is used as a threshold, P value was 300–fold smaller. Incidence in patients with any non‐PMC thyroid malignancy was 51.6 percent against 47.2 percent in all other patients (P = 0.203).ConclusionsIn this study, PMC was found in 49.9 percent of patients, which, to our knowledge, is higher than any other reported incidence. A threshold of ≥4 mm was more significant than 5 mm for carrying increased risk for extrathyroidal spread. There was no significant difference in PMC incidence in patients with malignant vs benign disease.
REM‐Associated Nasal Obstruction: A Study with Acoustic Rhinometry during Sleep
Authors: Morris Luc G.T. , Burschtin Omar , Setlur Jennifer , Bommelje Claire C. , Lee Kelvin C. , Jacobs Joseph B. , Lebowitz Richard A. 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveObstructive sleep apnea events are more common in REM sleep, although there is no relationship between sleep phase and pharyngeal airway status. We studied the patency of the nasal airway during REM and non‐REM sleep with the use of acoustic rhinometry.MethodsSerial acoustic rhinometric assessment of nasal cross‐sectional area was performed in 10 subjects, before sleep and during REM and non‐REM sleep. All measurements were standardized to a decongested baseline with mean congestion factor (MCF).ResultsMCF in the seated position was 10.6% (±3.7) and increased with supine positioning to 16.2% (±2.3). In REM sleep, MCF was highest, at 22.3% (±1.7). In non‐REM sleep, MCF was lowest, at 2.3% (±3.1). All interstage comparisons were statistically significant on repeated measures ANOVA (P < 0.05).ConclusionREM sleep is characterized by significant nasal congestion; non‐REM sleep, by profound decongestion. This phenomenon may be attributable to REM‐dependent variation in cerebral blood flow that affects nasal congestion via the internal carotid system. REM‐induced nasal congestion, an indirect effect of augmented cerebral perfusion, may contribute to the higher frequency of obstructive events in REM sleep.
Public planning with business delivery of excellent urban public transport
Authors: Barter Paul A 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
A trend for the public sector to take greater responsibility for public transport outcomes is the focus for this paper, in particular the rise of models with proactive public-sector planning but business provision of services, usually under service contracts. Case studies from several continents are used to explore this trend, including several that are widely hailed as success stories. It is argued that this model represents a reassertion of public sector control and that portraying service contracts in public transport as ‘privatisation’ misses the point that it marks a defeat for a deregulation agenda. This is clear especially from examples in Latin America and Asia where this model has been replacing approaches with very weak public sector oversight. The paper also highlights that this model has been emerging via a number of different pathways and from a wide range of initial circumstances, including some surprisingly low-income contexts.
The Future of the Harvard Theological Review in a Global and Interreligious Age
Authors: Clooney Francis X. 
Published: November 2008

We celebrate the Harvard Theological Review's 100th anniversary with admiration for this splendid journal; but we may also share the uncertainty Francis Greenwood Peabody expressed in the opening paragraph of the first article of the first issue:
The time may appear to many persons inopportune for the launching of a Journal of Theology. The tide of theological interest may seem to have ebbed so low as to leave no channel for such a venture; the professions of the ministry fails to win recruits; the queen of the sciences is deposed from her throne; critics are announcing the rout of the theological schools. The machinery of the churches, it is true, revolves with energy, but it does not seem to be geared into the wheels of the working world; and the deliberations of the theologians are frankly regarded by great numbers of people with indifference, if not with contempt.
Helminth species diversity of mammals: parasite species richness is a host species attribute
Authors: BORDES F. , MORAND S. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYStudies investigating parasite diversity have shown substantial geographical variation in parasite species richness. Most of these studies have, however, adopted a local scale approach, which may have masked more general patterns. Recent studies have shown that ectoparasite species richness in mammals seems highly repeatable among populations of the same mammal host species at a regional scale. In light of these new studies we have reinvestigated the case of parasitic helminths by using a large data set of parasites from mammal populations in 3 continents. We collected homogeneous data and demonstrated that helminth species richness is highly repeatable in mammals at a regional scale. Our results highlight the strong influence of host identity in parasite species richness and call for future research linking helminth species found in a given host to its ecology, immune defences and potential energetic trade-offs.
The impact of the Beatles on pop music in Australia: 1963–66
Authors: Zion Lawrence 
Published: November 2008

For young Australians in the early 1960s America was the icon of pop music and fashion. This was the result of the projection of America through the mass media and the numerous American rock'n'roll acts that were brought to Australia by Lee Gordon, an American entrepreneur who lived in Sydney (Zion 1984). This overall tendency led the American, A. L. McLeod, to observe when writing about Australian culture in 1963 thatin general, Australian popular music is slavishly imitative of United States models; it follows jazz, swing, calypso or whatever the current fashion is in New York or San Francisco at a few months distance. (McLeod 1963, p. 410)Yet by late 1963 the potency of America was in decline. For while the Californian surf music craze made a somewhat delayed impact, especially in Sydney, the popularity of the Beatles was gathering momentum. This can be traced crudely through the Top Forty lists of the day: in Sydney the song ‘From Me To You’ entered the charts on 12 July 1963 and eventually reached number six (Barnes et al. 1979, p. 50).