bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Church in Sweden
Authors: Langton Edmund 
Published: July 2007

With the possible exception of Norway and Finland there is no country in the civilized world so profoundly non-Catholic as Sweden. One talks vaguely of Holland and Sweden as both Protestant countries, but at least every third Dutchman is a Catholic, while there is not one among a thousand Swedes. Sweden has, in fact, a population of nearly six million souls, of whom not three thousand are Catholics. There are two little churches in Stockholm, one at Gottenburg, one at Malmo, and there are lowly chapels in one or two of the smaller towns scattered at huge intervals about this enormous, sparsely populated country. In all there are not more than eight or nine Catholic places of worship in Sweden, and there actually exist only two priests of Swedish birth. At Stockholm resides the Vicar Apostolic, who is a German, as are the majority of the priests in Sweden. Those at Gottenburg and Malmo are, however, Dutch. One of the two Swedish priests, a zealous and energetic man and an excellent linguist, edits the one Swedish Catholic newspaper, a monthly periodical, Credo, which has excited the interest and obtained the blessing of Cardinal Bourne, a gracious message from whom was printed in its pages last Christmas.The Bishop’s church in Stockholm is situated in the Southern and smaller part of the town (Sodermalm) which is as far removed from the Northern part as Birkenhead is from Liverpool. It is a tiny red brick building and from outside bears a striking resemblance to a Primitive Methodist chapel. The Catholic Encyclopedia describes its interior decorations as being ‘tasteful.’ That is, perhaps, a matter of opinion, but at any rate the three altars are always adorned with beautiful flowers, and there is good music at High Mass on Sundays.
Pope and King
Authors: Britten James 
Published: July 2007

Under the heading, ‘A Wonderful Demonstration,’ the English Churchman for April 19 gives an account of a meeting held at the Albert Hall nine days previously, announced as a ‘Great Protestant Appeal against the proposed Royal Visit to the Pope and to demand the withdrawal of the Envoy to the Vatican.’ The gathering ‘was a magnificent one.’‘It was an inspiration to look upon that great sea of faces and to hear the stirring cries of ten thousand voices as they manifested their eager desire for the unequivocal preservation of the principles of freedom secured to this Protestant realm. . . People were only waiting and longing for a suitable opportunity of demonstrating the thoughts that were burning within them’ :and according to another authority, the Protestant Woman, the announcement of the royal visit ‘has stirred them to their depths.’Judging from the speech of Mr. Kensit, the Secretary of the United Protestant Council who organised the demonstration, the stirring was highly successful. All the Orange Lodges of Great Britain and Ireland sent messages of support; and although the old Orange threat to kick the King’s crown into the Boyne was not repeated, the Grand Orange Lodge of Scotland‘pointed out respectfully that the King should remember that he holds his crown by virtue of being a Protestant’and that‘thousands of loyal Orangemen and Orangewomen will be forced, if this ongoing is continued, to reconsider their position, in’ that respect.’One would have thought that a matter which had stirred Protestants to their depths and elicited ‘the prayers and longings of millions of loyal hearts’ would
Saint Thomas Aquinas, 1323–1923
Authors: Delany Bernard 
Published: July 2007

One of the few advantages of living in the twentieth century is that we can keep centenaries. And judging by the yearly crop of these celebrations, it is an advantage we seem to make the most of. St. Dominic, St. Francis, St. Ignatius, St. Jerome, Dante, Napoleon, Shakespeare, Columbus, Cervantes, Shelley and Pascal have all of late been in the thoughts of those who glory in greatness and set store by antiquity. When we are wearied by our present woeful strifes or anxious about the ill-foreboding future, we can look back and take comfort in the past. It is natural that we, who are made for an eternal destiny, should find the thought of never-ending time entrancing; and length of days seems to us a symbol and a suggestion of eternity—a hint of immortality. A man who lives a hundred years is an object of praise and wonder, but the centenarian who preserved all the grace and sprightliness of youth would be an object of envy too. It is precisely this combination that attracts us in a centenary. We are not simply revering immemorial age : we are honouring someone who has been proof against time’s decay, who is ever ancient yet ever new, as old as the hills yet as fresh as the dawn.This month we keep the six hundredth anniversary of the canonization of St. Thomas Aquinas. The occasion seems appropriate to indulge a few reflections upon the enthusiastic interest his name still evokes, and to remind ourselves that the influence of his genius is as strong upon the minds of men of all schools of thought to-day as it was when the Church set her seal upon his greatness six hundred years ago.
Dante in Purgatory
Authors: Makepeace John Foster 
Published: July 2007

Of the three Canticas of the Commedia the hardest for a non-Catholic to understand is the Purga-torio; because the entire conception of purgatory is foreign to his mind. Hence we find even devout men like H. F. Cary, who has general sympathy with Dante’s teaching, misunderstand him here. For example, upon the well-known lines (x. 106-in, which shall be quoted from his own translation):‘Reader! I would not that amazed thou miss Of thy good purpose, hearing how just God Decrees our debts be cancel’d. Pander not The form of suffering. Think on what succeeds :Think that, at worst, beyond the mighty doom It cannot pass.’Cary’s comment is : ‘This is, in truth, an unanswerable objection to the doctrine of Purgatory. It is difficult to conceive how the best can meet death without horror, if they believe it must be followed by immediate and intense suffering.’ And Leigh Hunt, in his Italian Poets, refers to this comment with approval, after his own manner, that is to say, in less refined language.‘The purpose of this article is to show how Dante himself, on the contrary, represents the attitude of the Holy Souls towards their own sufferings in Purgatory.There are thirty-three cantos in the Purgatorio. The first nine of these are occupied with the Ante-purgatory, the middle cantos with Purgatory itself, and the last six with the ‘Earthly Paradise.’ It is very important to bear this fact in mind because the main interest of the drama of the ‘Second Kingdom’ lies in the Ante-purgatory, and the key to its interpretation may be found there.Every reader of Dante will remember its lovely opening verse : ‘I will sing of that second Kingdom where the human spirit is purified and becomes worthy to ascend to heaven.’
History
Authors: Rope H. E. G. 
Published: July 2007

’ The pageant of the ages I behold,The high ennobling struggle of mankind, Heart-stirring as a trumpet is unroll’d Before my eyes, to quicken will and mind.’‘Record of crimes and follies, age by age,The shame of fallen man repeated still,His vain presumption; here and there a page Of glory in a library of ill.’Thus youth and eld have bandied to and fro Age after age their still unspent debate.But wisdom God-inspir’d said long ago :While knowledge groweth sorrows aggravate.Youth’s ardour, sadness of experience,Man fallen, and God’s judgments manifold, Life’s landscape, human history now dense And murk, now sunlight-gladden’d, I behold.Interpret well the lesson, see it whole;Lose not thyself amid the forest maze,Roam not at random; see and mark, my soul, And thou shalt firmlier tread the appointed ways.H. E. G. Rope.
About the Foreign Missions
Authors: Atteridge A. Hilliard 
Published: July 2007

One of the most satisfactory features in the programme of the Birmingham Catholic Congress is the announcement of the great missionary exhibition at Bingley Hall. We had a missionary exhibition on a smaller scale at Westminster last year. As a first effort of the kind it was very creditable to its promoters, though it had the defects of a first attempt. Its scope was necessarily limited. It was rather a group of small exhibitions bearing on the work of some of our mission organisations, than a well-organised demonstration of Catholic missionary enterprise as a whole. We may hope that the Bingley Hall Exhibition will show a considerable advance in this respect; and further, that it will be the first of a series of Congress Exhibitions, representing more and more efficiently at each of these Catholic gatherings the development of the foreign missions.Speaking of the missions at the Liverpool National Catholic Congress, Cardinal Bourne said :‘There is, in truth, solid evidence that the work of the Foreign Missions is winning for itself a much more important place in the hearts of the Catholics of England and Wales, and every effort must be made to maintain and increase this interest. It is more than likely that before long the Apostolic See will call upon the whole Catholic world for a more widespread, more completely developed, more effective, and fully international organization of the missionary activities of the Church. If, and when that moment comes, the Catholics of England and Wales must not be wanting in zeal, devotion and generosity.’This forecast has been amply verified. The Holy See has made its appeal to the zeal and generosity of the Catholic world, and shown its appreciation of the work of the Propagation of the Faith by transferring the central direction of the Association to Rome itself.
The Visitation
Authors: Moore E. Hamilton 
Published: July 2007

Distaff and spindle idle laid,Forth with this tiding, unafraid,On Jewry’s hills her gracious feet Move like the hind at morning fleet: Quarn felix ea!Good Zachary, whose lips are dumb, With praiseful heart beholds her come. To greet her runs Elizabeth— Magnificat then Our Lady saith, Anima mea!E. Hamilton Moore.
Catholic and Protestant Economics
Authors: Gwynn Denis 
Published: July 2007

The title of Dr. O’Brien’s new volume is somewhat misleading. The immense research which he has here condensed into less than two hundred pages is concerned, not with a description of the practical effects of the Reformation in breaking down the social and economic life of the Middle Ages, but ‘exclusively with the effects of the Reformation on economic thought and theory.’ He disclaims all intention of writing history, on the ground that it would involve a complete study of Europe since the middle of the sixteenth century. He confines himself to the discussion of a thesis which challenges unending controversies, setting himself ‘to prove that both capitalism and socialism alike can be shown to have had their origin in the Protestant Reformation.’At first sight, such a discussion would appear to be purely academic. But Dr. O’Brien raises questions which go to the root of all modern social reform. Whereas the standard teaching of the economists generally explains the intolerable tyranny which we understand by modern capitalism as the natural outcome of the industrial revolution, Dr. O’Brien maintains with great ability—and he supports his argument with a fiiass of evidence from recognised authorities M Half-a-dozen countries—that it was not the industrial revolution which produced capitalism, but capitalism (as he interprets it) which produced the industrial revolution. In other words, capitalism cannot Kl regarded as the result of natural economic development; Dr. O’Brien maintains that it is the outcome of a fsflse philosophy of human life.
Manicheans, Ancient and Modern
Authors: Jarrett Bede 
Published: July 2007

Under the title, The Inquisition, Mr. Hoffman Nickerson has written a book which has very little direct bearing on the Inquisition itself: it does something much more useful than a direct treatise could do : it describes the formation of the temper of mind that brought the Inquisition into being. Add to this that the book has a preface by Mr. Hilaire Belloc, and you have a sufficiently good understanding of its tone and spirit. Indeed, it is almost uncanny to notice the many sympathies of idea, of style, and of phrase between the writer of the preface and the writer of the book. We feel convinced that it would be easy to quote passages from the book, so choice, so determined, so much in the grand manner as to deceive even devoted followers of Mr. Belloc into thinking him the author of what are only the charming creations of Mr. Nickerson.Furthermore, you must know that Mr. Nickerson is an American. You think at once of the immense tomes of Henry C. Lea on the iniquities of the Inquisition and you wonder what there can be in so grim and venerable a tribunal to attract the attention of Americans. What has attracted Mr. Lea in the subject we can guess, but we are not left to guesswork to discover why Mr. Nickerson has devoted himself unremittingly to this particular task. In his dedicatory letter he tells us himself the genesis of the book
A Lyrical Drama
Authors: Essex Edwin 
Published: July 2007

The publisher’s announcement of this work lays some stress on the fact that its author, Mr. M. J. Nicolson, is ‘the son of the well-known writer of the “Indian Love Lyrics,” “The Garden of Kama,” etc.,’ and that ‘if heredity counts for anything, (he) stands a chance of possessing literary gifts.’ Many critics will be inclined to hesitate before granting that the popularity of the ‘The Indian Love Lyrics’ is due to their literary merit. Their appeal is based to a minor extent upon their exotic flavour and Eastern fragrance. They appeal rather to sensuality than sense. It was only when a few of them were exalted into a song-cycle that they won popular esteem, and this, surely, for the charm of the musical setting, rather than for any literary quality of their own. So that on the grounds of heredity alone, Mr. Nicolson’s claim to ‘literary gifts’ would appear to be extremely doubtful. He certainly does possess these gifts. But they are not just those ascribed to the ‘Garden of Kama.’The only cumbrous thing about his lyrical drama is its title. Presumably it would have been against the interests of the play to have called it simply ‘The Death of Prince Hassan.’ But that is what its title should have been, as it will be in the minds of those who have read it. The argument that it would have ‘given the show away’ is more commercial than artistic. It is often more interesting to see a man die than live. As a compromise, with ‘Julius Caesar’ in mind, ‘Prince Hassan’ might have been sufficient.The outstanding anomaly of the lyrical drama is that the lyrics themselves are its weakest part.
A New Theory of the Eucharistic Sacrifice
Authors: McNabb Vincent 
Published: July 2007

The following statements of doctrine occur in the book Mysterium Fidei, by the Rev. Maurice de la Taille, S.J. (Paris: Gab. Beauchesne, 1921).(1) Coena ig-itur et Crux inter se complent. Ini coena incoeptum est sacrificium illud quod in cruce erat consummandum.(2) Reperitur immolationis realitas in passione mortis. At in symbolica immalatione coenae elucet potissimum oblationis liturgicae proprietas.(1) The Last Supper and the Cross are complementary. At the Last Supper was begun that sacrifice which was to be consummated on the Cross.(2) The reality of Immolation is found in the suffering of Death. But in the symbolical immolation of the Last Supper is especially shown the quality of the liturgical Oblation.(3) Unum proinde numero fuit sacrificium redemptionis in cruce et in coena.Non computandum unum sacrificium preliminarium in coena ; alterum in cruce succidaneum.Sed in coenaculo incruenta oblatio fiebat cruentae immolationis in Calvaria perpetiendae.(3) Hence the Sacrifice of redemption on the Cross and at the Supper was one.Nor must it be reckoned a preliminary sacrifice at the Supper; and another subsequent on the Cross.But in the Supper room’ there was made the unbloody Oblation of the bloody Immolation to be made on Calvary.(4) Unitas ilia ex oblatione eucharistica et immolatione cruenta non est ... in genere rei; sed profecto est in genere signi.Est unitas in genere sacrificii; et sacrificium ut tale est inter signa recensetur.(4) This unity from the eucharistic Oblation and the bloody Immolation is not in the order of things, but in the order of signs.It is a unity in the order of Sacrifice; and Sacrifice, as such, is to be classed as a sign.
Sanctity and Servitude
Authors: Clayton Joseph 
Published: July 2007

Even in the ages of faith, servitude was never a congenial atmosphere for the growth of sanctity. Chattel slavery and serfdom bred an impoverished character, and rare is it to find in the calendar the name of a saint in the middle ages born or brought up in bondage to a master,—save in the case where freedom had been achieved or granted in early life.Not that the miracle of the grace of God is withheld when social or economic conditions are unfavourable. The holy and humble of heart are discerned amongst rulers in high places, men and women of great estate, and are found in the most unlikely places. Many are the bishops, not a few are the kings and queens, and at least there is one emperor in the ranks of the saints. Even the Borgia family could produce a St. Francis. But the slave and the serf were, it seems plain, always hampered in the quest of holiness, badly handicapped in the struggle to bring the will into complete conformity with the Will of God. Compelled to subordinate the will to the devices of another or to the caprices of society the soul can hardly yield the fine fruits of sanctity.(In this matter the middle ages of faith must not be confounded with the apostolic age and the immediately succeeding centuries. The slave of the Roman Empire won the freedom of the soul in a heathen world, and the gift of God made of small account the changes and chances of human fortune.
The Presentation
Authors: Moore E. Hamilton 
Published: July 2007

To the Temple forth that may will fare,And bring the Temple’s Master there.Doves for an offering doth present,Herself a dove most innocent,Et iota fulchra.Anna that waits the promised word,With joy receives her little Lord;Saint Simon saith, Nunc dimittis,Now Lumen gentium risen is—Ave, Lux vera!E. Hamilton Moore.
The Law of Nations
Authors: Jarrett Bede 
Published: July 2007

To start with this title is to suggest perhaps wherein lies the cause of dispute in the long discussions that have ranged round the meaning and significance of the Jus Gentium; for it is a mistranslation to give law as the English equivalent of the Latin jus. The English translators of the Summa arey not always consistent in their equivalents for the phrase, for in ia.2ez, q. 95, art. 4, in the answer to the first objection (p. 62) the expression Taw of nations’ is given, while in 2a.2ce, q. 57, art. 3 (p. 108), it is ‘the right of nations.’ It is this last that is undoubtedly the truer rendering.The origin of the phrase, however, will help us to understand what exactly jus gentium signifies and perhaps solve it. It seems to be beyond dispute that the term began to be in use in the latter days of the Republic of Rome when the city had begun its conquests of Italy and was holding under its sway peoples for whom it did not legislate, and yet whose quarrels it had to adjust. A special judge had to be given them, the Praetor Peregrinus, whose function it was to settle their disputes, as the Praetor Urbanus settled those of the citizens of Rome. It was found in practice that these foreigners had very many institutions in common, so that gradually a code was evolved which was based upon no positive legislation of any particular city or tribe, but was the mere putting into order of what was found already to have obtained amongst these non-Roman subject peoples.
The Baneful Balkans
Authors: Hurst Ben , Bateman May 
Published: July 2007

Monitor Wyndup swore, he, at least, would avoid swift generalizations when he started on his combined honeymoon and political trip to the Continent. As writer of a remarkable letter on Road .Transport to the Limechester Gazette, he felt called upon to apply his insight to a wider field; and the conditions of South Eastern Europe clearly demanded what light he could throw on their problems. He was not one of those lightning tourists who confound Bucarest and Budapest, or Teschen with Wreschen (the latter being, of course, the Polish name for Warsaw); and he understood that the Balkan and Baltic Republics were to be kept quite distinct. Their fusion, he declared, would endanger the peace of Europe almost as much as the German Reich had done. Now, however, casting a discouraged look at the monotonous chairs and tables of the stereotyped, modern restaurant in the twenty-fourth town he had inspected, he found he was a little too early on the scene to guage things properly.The inhabitants had not yet acquired English in spite of the war; and the occasional waiter who could speak to him in his own tongue, was astray on international relations.‘I wish to Heaven,’ he said to Alice, ‘you could remember the place where we had that nice omelet, and that other place where we were cheated! And I wonder where we had better go next, if we are to manage seven countries properly in three weeks. There doesn’t seem much use in going to Macedonia just now when the Letts are, so to speak, out of hand, and the Yugoslovaks and Czechoslavs at each other’s throats about the Iron Gates !
Changes and Chances in Yugoslavia
Authors: Christitch E. 
Published: July 2007

The countries sometimes inaccurately styled ‘Succession States,’ in allusion to the late Hapsburg Empire, still suffer from the gangrene of a decaying system, as well as from their own inherent defects. A century ago Joseph de Maistre described the existence of Austria as ‘an insult to God and man’; and at a later date, Montalembert, called her the high priestess of oppression who managed to survive by pitting race against race. One is sorry to see the Irish name of Taafe among the prominent Austrian statesmen who upheld the view that this Empire ‘which, did it not exist, would have to be invented,’ could only live by fostering mutual hatreds.The terse qualification of Austria as ‘the greatest foe of mankind’ was too convenient to be let drop. It is now being currently applied to Poland, on account of its land-bound frontier; to Czecho Slovakia because of its ‘ridiculous’ configuration; to Rumania, because of its absorption of Bessarabia and Transylvania so long held by Russia and Hungaria respectively; to Yugoslavia because of its political reunion of Slavs belonging to different creeds. There is no doubt that the self-styled ‘superior’ races are hard put to it for hewers of wood and drawers of water since the Slavs and Latins were withdrawn from their domination. Poland, however, was a political entity before Rudolf the Freebooter had laid the foundations of the mighty Austria of the future. The Czechs were already an independent community in the tenth century. The Southern Slavs, rampart of Austria-Hungary against the Turks, with dauntless little Serbia as standard-bearer, wrested independence from Turkey by several stages in spite of the ‘Christian Protectors’ who so often shook hands with the Sultan over her bleeding