bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of mobile and wireless technologies for augmented reality systems
Authors: Papagiannakis George , Singh Gurminder , Magnenat‐Thalmann Nadia 
Published: February 2008

AbstractRecent advances in hardware and software for mobile computing have enabled a new breed of mobile augmented reality (AR) systems and applications. A new breed of computing called ‘augmented ubiquitous computing’ has resulted from the convergence of wearable computing, wireless networking, and mobile AR interfaces. In this paper, we provide a survey of different mobile and wireless technologies and how they have impact AR. Our goal is to place them into different categories so that it becomes easier to understand the state of art and to help identify new directions of research. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The embodied Web: embodied Web‐services interaction with an umbrella for augmented city experiences
Authors: Matsumoto Takashi , Hashimoto Sho , Okude Naohito 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper introduces the embodied Web, a new design paradigm for mobile devices. The embodied Web aims to provide an interface using real‐world embodied interaction to provide a computer‐augmented reality that accesses web services. This platform regards embodied interaction at three levels: operational level, activity level and social level; and is implemented with a combination of sensor, actuator and network connectivities. The platform is developed as a complex of hardware, software and network services. The implementation takes an approach of modularization of hardware, software and web services. As a practical prototype of the embodied Web, the Internet Umbrella Pileus was developed and tested. In contrast to the small screens of mobile devices, Pileus has a big screen on the underside of the umbrella, and it is operated by embodied interaction, including motion sensing of the device and location sensing of walking activities. Photo‐sharing and 3D map navigation is provided on the umbrella to expand the user's activity area. These services are provided by API hookups with Flickr and Google Earth. Pileus has been iteratively developed from user observations, design observations and intuitions and prototype evaluations. The umbrella was tested in a large urban environment (the city of Tokyo). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Editorial
Authors: Magnenat‐Thalmann Nadia , Thalmann Daniel , Singh Gurminder , Papagiannakis Georges 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this issue, you will find a special section on Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Mixed Realities, with four papers introduced by the two guest editors Gurminder Singh and Georges Papagiannakis. The last paper of the issue is a regular paper by I. Mansa et al. entitled “Analysis of coherence strategies for stereo occlusion culling.” This paper explores the benefits that can be achieved for stereoscopic visualization when using occlusion‐culling strategies. It shows the limitations placed by compact and not densely occluded scenarios and the gains that can be achieved when rendering stereo images using occlusion culling. The experiments carried out test combinations of occlusion stereo coherence and occlusion frame coherence. The algorithm presented can be easily implemented and provides a significant boost in performances.
Twenty‐five dyneins in Tetrahymena: A re‐examination of the multidynein hypothesis
Authors: Wilkes David E. , Watson Hadley E. , Mitchell David R. , Asai David J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDyneins are responsible for essential movements in eukaryotic cells. The motor activity of each dynein complex resides in its complement of heavy chains. In the present study, we examined 136 heavy chain sequences from the completed genomes of 11 diverse model organisms, including examples from Viridiplantae, Excavata, Chromalveolata, and Metazoa. In many cases, we discovered dynein heavy chains previously not identified. For example, Tetrahymena expresses a total of 25 DYH genes rather than the previously identified 14. The Tetrahymena DYH genes are nonaxonemal DYH1 and DYH2; axonemal outer arm α, β, and γ; axonemal two‐headed inner arm 1α and 1β; and 18 single‐headed inner arm heavy chains. The heavy chains divide into nine classes; six of these are highly conserved in sequence and number of isoforms in a given organism. The other three are single‐headed inner arm dyneins, whose numbers vary significantly in different organisms. These findings lead to two conclusions. One, the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes expressed nine different dynein heavy chains. Two, subsequent to the divergences leading to different organisms, additional dynein heavy chains emerged. These newer dyneins are not well conserved across species and the variation may reflect different motility requirements in different organisms. Together, these results suggest that each of the nine classes of dyneins is functionally distinct, but members within some of the classes are not specialized. An understanding of the relationships among the various dynein heavy chains is important when deducing functions across species. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase 3 study comparing the use of docetaxel on an every‐3‐week versus weekly schedule in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Rivera Edgardo , Mejia Jaime A. , Arun Banu K. , Adinin Rosnie B. , Walters Ronald S. , Brewster Abenaa , Broglio Kristine R. , Yin Guosheng , Esmaeli Bita , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Valero Vicente 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrevious studies have evaluated 3‐week and weekly docetaxel schedules in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The varying efficacy results and toxicity profiles noted in these earlier studies led to a comparison of the schedules to determine which was safer and more efficacious.METHODSA phase 3 clinical trial was conducted in patients with MBC who were treated with docetaxel either every 3 weeks or once weekly to determine and compare response rate and duration, time to disease progression, progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. Patients were randomized to receive docetaxel at a starting dose of either 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks or 35 mg/m2 weekly for 3 consecutive weeks followed by 1 week of rest.RESULTSA total of 118 patients underwent efficacy analysis; 59 patients were randomized to the every‐3‐week treatment arm and 59 to the weekly arm. The response rate was 35.6% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 23.6–49.1%) for the every‐3‐week arm versus 20.3% (95% CI, 11.0–32.8%) for the weekly arm. There was no statistical difference between the every 3‐week and the weekly treatment arms with regard to median PFS (5.7 months vs 5.5 months; P = .46) or OS (18.3 months vs 18.6 months, respectively; P = .34). There was a higher overall toxicity rate (grades 3 and 4, according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria [version 2.0]) in the every‐3‐week treatment arm versus the weekly treatment arm (88.1% vs 55.9%, respectively; P = .0001).CONCLUSIONSCompared with patients who received weekly docetaxel, those who received docetaxel every 3 weeks had a higher response rate but experienced similar PFS and OS and a more pronounced toxicity. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
High‐grade surface osteosarcoma
Authors: Staals Eric L. , Bacchini Patrizia , Bertoni Franco 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh‐grade surface osteosarcoma is a rare variant of surface osteosarcoma and is associated with a poor prognosis.METHODSThis retrospective study includes all cases of high‐grade surface osteosarcoma filed at the Rizzoli Institute. A complete clinical, histologic, and radiologic review was performed of 25 cases.RESULTSThere were 19 males and 6 females with an average age of 21 years. All tumors were localized at the lower limb and the most frequently involved segments were the femoral and the tibial diaphysis. All lesions demonstrated the histologic aspect of a high‐grade osteosarcoma, 20 were osteoblastic, and 5 were chondroblastic. The circumferential involvement was on average 53% and in approximately half of the cases medullary canal involvement was detected. Nineteen patients underwent a combination of surgery and chemotherapy for treatment of their initial lesion, whereas 5 patients were managed with surgery alone. The average follow‐up was 9 years and the overall 5‐year survival rate was 82%.CONCLUSIONSHigh‐grade surface osteosarcoma is an extremely rare subtype of osteosarcoma. The current series demonstrates good overall survival for patients with this tumor. Metastatic disease and limb‐sacrificing surgery were associated with a worse prognosis. Wide surgical excision and chemotherapy might improve the outcome. Cancer 2008. ©2008 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic significance of HER‐2 status in women with inflammatory breast cancer
Authors: Dawood Shaheenah , Broglio Kristine , Gong Yun , Yang Wei‐Tse , Cristofanilli Massimo , Kau Shu‐Wan , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Buchholz Thomas A. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N , Gonzalez‐Angulo Ana M. ,   for the Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Group
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDInflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare, aggressive form of breast cancer with poorly understood prognostic variables. The purpose of this study was to define the prognostic impact of HER‐2 status on survival outcomes of patients with IBC.METHODSIn all, 179 patients with IBC, diagnosed between 1989 and 2005, with known HER‐2 status, and treated with an anthracycline‐based chemotherapy regimen without trastuzumab, were included in the analysis. Patients with HER‐2‐positive disease who received trastuzumab at the time of disease recurrence were included. Survival outcomes were estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier product limit method and compared across groups using the log‐rank statistic. A Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to determine the association of survival outcomes with HER‐2 status after adjusting for patient and tumor characteristics.RESULTSA total of 111 patients (62%) had HER‐2‐negative disease and 68 (38%) had HER‐2‐positive disease. The median follow‐up among all patients was 35 months. At the time of the analysis, 62 patients (55.9%) with HER‐2‐negative disease and 42 patients (61.8%) with HER‐2‐positive disease had a recurrence. Thirty‐one patients (73.8%) with HER‐2‐positive disease who had a disease recurrence went on to receive trastuzumab. On univariate analysis, no statistically significant difference was observed for either recurrence‐free survival (P = .75) or overall survival (P = .24) between patients who had HER‐2‐positive disease and those who had HER‐2‐negative disease. In a multivariate model, HER‐2 status did not appear to significantly affect recurrence‐free survival (hazards ratio [HR] of 0.75; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.46–1.22 [P = .241]). In the multivariate model, patients with HER‐2‐positive disease had a decreased hazard of death (HR of 0.56; 95% CI, 0.34–0.93 [P = .024]) compared with patients with HER‐2‐negative disease.CONCLUSIONSHER‐2 status, in the absence of trastuzumab, did not appear to significantly affect recurrence‐free survival. After adjusting for other characteristics, the addition of trastuzumab in the metastatic setting significantly improved survival in the HER‐2‐positive group above and beyond that of the HER‐2‐negative group. This gives us further insight into the biology of this aggressive disease and underlines the major effect of targeted intervention. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
High‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation in adults with recurrent embryonal tumors of the central nervous system
Authors: Gill Paula , Litzow Mark , Buckner Jan , Arndt Carola , Moynihan Timothy , Christianson Teresa , Ansell Stephen , Galanis Evanthia 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDEmbryonal central nervous system (CNS) tumors (medulloblastoma, cerebral neuroblastoma, pineoblastoma, and primitive neuroectodermal tumors) are rare in adults. Recurrent disease has an extremely poor outcome. The use of high‐dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has demonstrated promising results in children with recurrent disease, but there are only limited data regarding its role in adults. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate adult patients with embryonal CNS tumors who were treated with HDC with ASCT and compare their outcomes with those of patients who received conventional‐dose chemotherapy.METHODSThe authors reviewed the medical records of 23 adult patients (age ≥18 years) who were treated at the Mayo Clinic for recurrent embryonal CNS tumors between 1976 and 2004. The authors compared treatment with HDC with ASCT (10 patients) with an historic control of patients treated with conventional‐dose chemotherapy (nitrosourea based, cisplatin based, or both) (13 patients).RESULTSHDC with ASCT was associated with increased survival (P = .044) and a longer time to disease progression (TTP) (P = .028). The conventional‐dose chemotherapy group had a median TTP of 0.58 years and a median survival of 2.00 years. The HDC with ASCT group had a median TTP of 1.25 years and a median survival of 3.47 years. When restricted to patients receiving ASCT after first disease recurrence, the median TTP was 2.5 years and the median survival was 4.16 years. Toxicities were similar in both groups.CONCLUSIONSImprovements in the median TTP and survival noted with the administration of HDC with ASCT, as well as the acceptable toxicity of this regimen, supports consideration of its use in adults with recurrent embryonal CNS tumors. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
UGT1A1*28 polymorphism predicts irinotecan‐induced severe toxicities without affecting treatment outcome and survival in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Liu Chun‐Yu , Chen Po‐Min , Chiou Tzeon‐Jye , Liu Jin‐Hwang , Lin Jen‐Kou , Lin Tzu‐Chen , Chen Wei‐Shone , Jiang Jeng‐Kae , Wang Huann‐Sheng , Wang Wei‐Shu 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is known that the uridine‐diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)*28 polymorphism reduces UGT1A1 enzyme activity, which may lead to severe toxicities in patients who receive irinotecan. This study was conducted to assess the influence of this polymorphism on the efficacy and toxicity of irinotecan treatment in Chinese patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC).METHODSIn total, 128 patients with metastatic CRC who had received previous treatment with irinotecan plus 5‐fluorouracil/leucovorin were analyzed retrospectively. Genomic DNA samples were obtained from patients' leukocytes, and genotypes were determined by analyzing the sequence of TATA boxes in the UGT1A1 gene. The influence of the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism on toxicity and treatment outcome was analyzed.RESULTSApproximately 20% of patients were identified with the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism, including 15.6% (n = 20 patients) with the thymine‐adenine (TA)6/TA7 genotype and 4.7% (n = 6 patients) with the TA7/TA7 genotype. The remaining 79.7% of patients (n = 102) had wild type TA6/TA6. Marked increases in grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (53.8% vs 4.9%; P < .01), neutropenic fever (38.5% vs 3.9%; P < .01), diarrhea (26.9% vs 5.9%; P < .01), and pretreatment bilirubin level (23.1% vs 8.8%; P = .04) were observed in patients who had the TA6/TA7 or TA7/TA7 genotypes. Patients' pretreatment bilirubin levels correlated well with irinotecan‐induced neutropenia (P < .01). It was noted that, although the requirement for irinotecan dose reduction was significantly greater in patients who had this genetic variant (42.3% vs 12.7%; P < .01), it did not affect the response rate to irinotecan‐based chemotherapy (42.3% vs 45.1%; P = .80), and it did not significantly affect progression‐free survival (10 months vs 11 months; P = .94) or overall survival (19 months vs 18 months; P = .84).CONCLUSIONSThe current data suggested that the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism may be a key determinant for predicting irinotecan‐induced severe toxicities without affecting treatment outcome for patients with metastatic CRC. Further prospective studies are warranted for using this polymorphism to optimize irinotecan‐based chemotherapy. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Solitary chemoreceptor cell survival is independent of intact trigeminal innervation
Authors: Gulbransen Brian , Silver Wayne , Finger Thomas E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNasal solitary chemoreceptor cells (SCCs) are a population of specialized chemosensory epithelial cells presumed to broaden trigeminal chemoreceptivity in mammals (Finger et al. [2003] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:8981–8986). SCCs are innervated by peptidergic trigeminal nerve fibers (Finger et al. [2003]) but it is currently unknown if intact innervation is necessary for SCC development or survival. We tested the dependence of SCCs on innervation by eliminating trigeminal nerve fibers during development with neurogenin‐1 knockout mice, during early postnatal development with capsaicin desensitization, and during adulthood with trigeminal lesioning. Our results demonstrate that elimination of innervation at any of these times does not result in decreased SCC numbers. In conclusion, neither SCC development nor mature cell maintenance is dependent on intact trigeminal innervation. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:62–71, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuronal and glial localization of α2A‐adrenoceptors in the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain
Authors: Ampatzis Konstantinos , Kentouri Maria , Dermon Catherine R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe α2A‐adrenoceptor (AR) subtype, a G protein‐coupled receptor located both pre‐ and postsynaptically, mediates adrenaline/noradrenaline functions. The present study aimed to determine the α2A‐AR distribution in the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain by means of immunocytochemistry. Detailed mapping showed labeling of α2A‐ARs, in neuropil, neuronal somata and fibers, glial processes, and blood vessels. A high density of α2A‐AR immunoreactivity was found in the ventral telencephalic area, preoptic, pretectal, hypothalamic areas, torus semicircularis, oculomotor nucleus (NIII), locus coreruleus (LC), medial raphe, medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), magnocellular octaval nucleus (MaON), reticular formation (SRF, IMRF, IRF), rhombencephalic nerves and roots (DV, V, VII, VIII, X), and cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. Moderate levels of α2A‐ARs were observed in the medial and central zone nuclei of dorsal telencephalic area, in the periventricular gray zone of optic tectum, in the dorsomedial part of optic tectum layers, and in the molecular and granular layers of all cerebellum subdivisions. Glial processes were found to express α2A‐ARs in rhombencephalon, intermingled with neuronal fibers. Medium‐sized neurons were labeled in telencephalic, diencephalic, and mesencephlic areas, whereas densely labeled large neurons were found in rhombencephalon, locus coeruleus, reticular formation, oculomotor area, medial octavolateralis and magnocellular octaval nuclei, and Purkinje cell somata. The functional role of α2A‐ARs on neurons and glial processes is not known at present; however, their strong relation to the ventricular system, somatosensory nuclei, and nerves supports a possible regulatory role of α2A‐ARs in autonomic functions, nerve output, and sensory integration in adult zebrafish brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:72–93, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Construction theory, self‐replication, and the halting problem
Authors: Sayama Hiroki 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis essay aims to propose construction theory, a new domain of theoretical research on machine construction, and use it to shed light on a fundamental relationship between living and computational systems. Specifically, we argue that self‐replication of von Neumann's universal constructors holds a close similarity to circular computational processes of universal computers that appear in Turing's original proof of the undecidability of the halting problem. The result indicates the possibility of reinterpreting a self‐replicating biological organism as embodying an attempt to solve the halting problem for a diagonal input in the context of construction. This attempt will never be completed because of the indefinite cascade of self‐computation/construction, which accounts for the undecidability of the halting problem and also agrees well with the fact that life has maintained its reproductive activity for an indefinitely long period of time. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2008
The development of several organs and appendages is impaired in mice lacking Sp6
Authors: Hertveldt Valérie , Louryan Stéphane , van Reeth Thierry , Drèze Pierre , van Vooren Pascale , Szpirer Josiane , Szpirer Claude 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSP6 belongs to the SP/KLF family of transcription factors, characterized by a DNA‐binding domain composed of three zinc fingers of the C2H2 type. The Sp6 gene generates two different transcripts, termed Sp6 and epiprofin, which differ in the first exon and encode the same SP6 protein. These transcripts are mainly expressed in the skin, the teeth, and the limb buds of embryos and also in the adult lungs. To gain insight into the biological function of the SP6 protein, we knocked out the gene by eliminating the full coding region. The resulting Sp6 null mice are nude, lack functional teeth, and present limb and lung malformations. We also showed that the identified abnormalities are associated with apoptotic misregulations. In conclusion, this work indicates that Sp6 plays a critical role in the development of several epithelium‐containing organs or appendages, possibly by regulating apoptosis. Developmental Dynamics 237:883–892, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional characterization of KIN‐32, theCaenorhabditis eleganshomolog of focal adhesion kinase
Authors: Cram Erin J. , Fontanez Kristina Marie , Schwarzbauer Jean E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe have identified the singleCaenorhabditis elegansfocal adhesion kinase (FAK) homolog KIN‐32, which has the signature FAK structure including an N‐terminalFour.1‐Ezrin‐Radixin‐Moesin (FERM) domain followed by a tyrosine kinase domain and a C‐terminal domain with weak homology to the focal adhesion targeting domain. The functional requirements for KIN‐32 were examined using RNA interference depletion experiments and analysis of a deletion allele,kin‐32(ok166), in which a large segment of the FERM domain is missing. Our results show that reduced levels of expression or absence of the FERM domain do not affect viability, fertility, or anatomy inC. elegans. Expression of an analogous FERM deletion in mouse FAK showed kinase activity in vitro and supported normal focal adhesion localization in cell culture. Thus, the FERM domain of KIN‐32, and possibly KIN‐32 activity in general, appears to be dispensable for normalC. elegansphysiology. Developmental Dynamics 237:837–846, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.