bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concurrent carbogen and radiation therapy in children with high‐risk brainstem gliomas
Authors: Aquino‐Parsons C. , Hukin J. , Green A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn an attempt to improve local control, we assessed the feasibility of the addition of 4 min of carbogen inhalation (as a radiosensitizer) to daily fractionated radiotherapy in pediatric patients with high grade and/or diffuse brainstem gliomas. Ten patients inhaled carbogen for >90% of the radiation treatments. Median survival time from start of therapy was 0.80 years. Carbogen inhalation did not appear to improve the dismal prognosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:397–399. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dilute solution properties of cellulose in LiOH/urea aqueous system
Authors: Cai Jie , Liu Yating , Zhang Lina 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCellulose was dissolved rapidly in 4.6 wt % LiOH/15 wt % urea aqueous solution and precooled to –10 °C to create a colorless transparent solution. 13C‐NMR spectrum proved that it is a direct solvent for cellulose rather than a derivative aqueous solution system. The result from transmission electron microscope showed a good dispersion of the cellulose molecules in the dilute solution at molecular level. Weight‐average molecular weight (Mw), root mean square radius of gyration (〈s2〉z1/2), and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of cellulose in LiOH/urea aqueous solution were examined with laser light scattering and viscometry. The Mark–Houwink equation for cellulose in 4.6 wt % LiOH/15 wt % urea aqueous solution was established to be [η] = 3.72 × 10−2 M in the Mw region from 2.7 × 104 to 4.12 × 105. The persistence length (q), molar mass per unit contour length (ML), and characteristic ratio (C∞) of cellulose in the dilute solution were given as 6.1 nm, 358 nm−1, and 20.8, respectively. The experimental data of the molecular parameters of cellulose agreed with the Yamakawa–Fujii theory of the worm‐like chain, indicating that the LiOH/urea aqueous solution was a desirable solvent system of cellulose. The results revealed that the cellulose exists as semistiff‐chains in the LiOH/urea aqueous solution. The cellulose solution was stable during measurement and storage stage. This work provided a new colorless, easy‐to‐prepare, and nontoxic solvent system that can be used with facilities to investigate the chain conformation and molecular weight of cellulose. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3093–3101, 2006
Japanese cancer patients' communication style preferences when receiving bad news
Authors: Fujimori Maiko , Parker Patricia A. , Akechi Tatsuo , Sakano Yuji , Baile Walter F. , Uchitomi Yosuke 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis study describes the communication style preferences of Japanese patients when receiving bad news, examines the factor structure of the measure for patients' preferences (MPP) in a Japanese population, and explores variables that may be associated with patients' communication style preferences. Five hundred twenty‐nine cancer outpatients completed several psychosocial measures including the Japanese version of the MPP (MPP‐J), the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (MAC), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The patients desired detailed information and a supportive environment when receiving bad news. The MPP‐J demonstrated a 5‐factor structure: support, facilitation, medical information, clear explanation, and encouraging question‐asking. Regression analyses indicated that a female gender, the fighting spirit and anxious preoccupation dimensions of the MAC were positively associated with all 5 MPP‐J factors. In conclusion, Japanese cancer patients' preferences for communication when receiving bad news differ somewhat from those of American patients. Japanese physicians should encourage patients to ask questions and should consider the demographic (e.g. gender), medical (disease status) and psychosocial characteristics (fighting spirit and anxious preoccupation) of patients when delivering bad news. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐Tc superconductivity in entirely end‐bonded multi‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Takesue I. , Haruyama J. , Kobayashi N. , Murata N. , Chiashi S. , Maruyama S. , Sugai T. , Shinohara H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe report that entirely end‐bonded multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) can exhibit superconductivity with a transition temperature (T c) as high as 12 K, which is approximately 30 times greater than T c reported for ropes of single‐walled nanotubes. We find that the emergence of this superconductivity is highly sensitive to the junction structures of the Au electrode/MWNTs. This reveals that only MWNTs with optimal numbers of electrically activated shells, which are realized by end bonding, can allow superconductivity due to intershell effects. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Calculation of optical constants from carbon nanotube transmission spectra
Authors: Pekker Á. , Borondics F. , Kamarás K. , Rinzler A. G. , Tanner D. B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe want to clarify a few issues about using optical absorption spectra for characterizing carbon nanotubes. The common method of using optical density for nanotube counting is reasonable in the near‐infrared and visible spectral region, but fails for the mid and far infrared, where metallic tubes can be unambigously detected. By performing Kramers–Kronig transformation on wide‐range transmittance spectra of free‐standing films, the far‐infrared spectral region creates a unique possibility for estimating the amount of metallic tubes in different nanotube networks. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
CVD synthesis of single wall carbon nanotubes devoted to ULSI electronic applications
Authors: Ansaldo A. , Haluška M. , Čech J. , Ricci D. , Gatti F. , Di Zitti E. , Cincotti S. , Roth S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe report a comparison of the behaviour of different catalysts for the ethanol‐CVD growth of single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on thermally grown silicon dioxide on silicon substrate. The samples have been prepared by spin‐coating organometallic salt (Co, Fe, Mo, Ni acetate, and their bimetallic mixtures) water solutions (ethanol solution for Mo). As grown samples have been characterized by Raman spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Assuming as target the growth of high quality isolated nanotubes, the ratio in Raman spectra between the intensity of the G peak and of the D peak, has been used as main parameter to evaluate the performance of the catalytic process. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation of atmospheric nanoparticles: Impact of sea salt and fate of organic molecules adsorbed on alumina
Authors: Sen Ayhan , Siekmann Frank , Krüger Heinz Ulrich , Zetzsch Cornelius 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNanoparticles of simulated sea spray were investigated in the presence of ozone in a Teflon chamber, where photochemical experiments on droplets (above 76% relative humidity) with Br enrichments up to a factor of 6 released OH radicals, (2–6) × 106 cm–3, atomic Cl (2–10) × 104 cm–3 and atomic Br up to 3 × 108 cm–3. Sub‐micrometer sized agglomerates of nano‐sized fused silica and alumina particles in a glass chamber served for degradation experiments of the semivolatile compound octadecyl vinyl ether (ODVE). Adsorbates of ODVE at submonolayer thickness on such substrates were observed to hydrolyse rapidly to form 1‐octadecanol (within a few hours). Treating the particles with NaOH before coating diminished hydrolysis, and exposing an aerosol of Alumina C (Degussa), coated with ODVE, to gaseous OH radicals in a glass chamber delivered rate constants for the consumption of ODVE and its hydrolysis product, 1‐octadecanol, which need further interpretation in terms of volatilisation and surface properties. This study reports first aerosol smog chamber experiments on such nanoparticles in a new facility that can be cooled to –28 °C. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Topochemical copolymerization of fullerenes with cubane in their rotor‐stator phases
Authors: Kováts É. , Klupp G. , Jakab E. , Pekker Á. , Kamarás K. , Jalsovszky I. , Pekker S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA new family of heteromolecular crystals has been described recently: the rotor‐stator phases of fullerenes with cubane. Cubane (C8H8), the stator component of these materials is a highly strained molecule which decomposes to higher stability C8H8 hydrocarbons at 200 °C. This unimolecular isomerization takes also place in the rotor–stator phases, inducing a single phase topochemical reaction with the surrounding fullerenes. The resulting material is a random copolymer, percolating in the primitive cubic sublattices of the parent crystals. We followed the polymerization by HPLC, IR and UV–VIS spectroscopy, and determined the thermal stability by TG‐MS analysis. The polymers are insoluble, and stable up to 400 °C. At this temperature they start to decompose while preserving their crystalline appearance. The influence of the side groups of substituted cubanes on the polymerization will also be discussed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theoretical calculation of bond dissociation energies and heats of formation for nitromethane and polynitromethanes with density functional theory
Authors: Su Xinfang , Cheng Xinlu , Liu Yonggang , Li Qinghuan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe CNO2 bond dissociation energies (BDEs) and the heats of formation (HOFs) of nitromethane and polynitromethanes (dinitromethane, trinitromethane, and tetranitromethane) system in gas phase at 298.15 K were calculated theoretically. Density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP, B3P86, B3PW91, and PBE0 methods in combination with different basis sets were employed. It was found that the CNO2 bond BDEs can be improved from B3LYP to B3PW91 to B3P86 or PBE0 functional. Levels of theory employing B3P86 and PBE0 functionals were found to be sufficiently reliable without the presence of diffusion functions. As the number of NO2 groups on the same C atom increases, the PBE0 functional performs better than the B3P86 functional. Regarding the calculated HOFs, all four functionals can yield satisfactory results with deviations of <2 kcal mol−1 from experimental ones for CH2(NO2)2 and CH(NO2)3, when the diffusion functions are not augmented. For the C(NO2)4 molecule, the large basis sets augmented with polarization functions and diffusion functions are required to yield a good result. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Hydrogen bonding structure and many‐body interactions in 1,3,5‐triazine–(water)3 and 1,2,4‐triazine–(water)3 complexes
Authors: Li Quan , Huang Fang‐Qian 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe hydrogen bonding structure and many‐body interactions between 1,3,5‐triazine (1,2,4‐triazine) and three water molecules are studied using the density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP method and 6‐31++G** basis set. Various structures of 1,3,5‐triazine–(water)3 and 1,2,4‐triazine–(water)3 complexes are investigated, and the seven and eight stable structures are reported for 1,3,5‐triazine–(water)3 and 1,2,4‐triazine–(water)3, respectively. Many‐body analysis is also carried out to obtain relaxation energy and many‐body interaction energy (two‐, three‐, and four‐body), and the most stable conformer has the basis set superposition error corrected interaction energy of −92.09 and −99.53 kJ/mol. The two‐ and three‐body interactions have significant contribution to the total interaction energy, whereas the relaxation energy, four‐body interactions are very small for 1,3,5‐triazine–(water)3 and 1,2,4‐triazine–(water)3 complexes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Quantum scattering calculation for reaction Br + H2 on two potential energy surfaces
Authors: Quan Wei‐Long , Tang Ping‐Ying , Tang Bi‐Yu 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThree‐dimensional time‐dependent quantum wave packet calculations have been carried out for Br + H2 on a new global ab initio and a semi‐empirical extended London–Eyring–Polanyi–Sato potential energy surface. It is shown that on the ab initio surface, the threshold energy is much lower, and the reaction probabilities, cross sections, and rate constants are much larger. The effects of the initial rovibrational excitation have also been studied. Comparison of rate constants with experimental measurement implies that the ab initio surface is more suitable for quantum dynamic calculation. The possible reasons and mechanism for the dynamical difference on the two PES are analyzed and discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Technische Entwicklung und Anwendungen im Kraftwerksbau
Authors: Dressel Thomas 
Published: September 2006

AbstractKraftwerke zur Stromerzeugung werden seit vielen Jahrzehnten weltweit gebaut. Aus der Vielzahl der möglichen Energieträger wie Wasserkraft, Windkraft, Kernenergie, Gas, Müll, Öl, Bio usw. soll hier über die Entwicklung und den derzeitigen Stand von konventionellen Kohlekraftwerken berichtet werden.Die Entwicklung der Kraftwerke im Laufe der Zeit zeigt, daß die Kraftwerksleistungen auf Grund der weiterentwickelten Technik und unter Ausnutzung höherwertiger Kesselwerkstoffe mittlerweile in die Größenordung von 1100MW elektrische Leistung gekommen sind.Großkraftwerke von der Stange – wie z. B. teilweise in Amerika ausgeführt – sind in Europa nicht üblich. Die Großdampferzeuger werden jeweils individuell auf den Endkunden, den Standort und die Kohleart zugeschnitten und im Wirkungsgrad optimiert.An den modernen Dampferzeuger wird eine Vielzahl von Anforderungen gestellt. Die wichtigsten sind: geringe Schadstoffemissionen, hoher Wirkungsgrad, flexible Fahrweise, hohe Verfügbarkeit, Wartungsfreundlichkeit.
Ingenieur‐Entwürfe – Beispiele, Entwicklungen und Forschungsaufgaben
Authors: Wörzberger Ralf 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBeratende Ingenieure werden in Wettbewerben hinzugezogen, unterstützen Architekten, – in einigen Fällen entwerfen sie selber. Gelegentlich führen Ideen über Forschungsarbeiten zu neuen Anwendungen.Zunächst wird auf zwei ausgeführte Projekte (Haltestation Oberhausen und ICC‐Dresden) Bezug genommen, bei denen der Autor als Ingenieur im Wettbewerb beriet, sowie zwei weitere, die er selber entwarf und berechnete (Tribünendach Lausitzring und Drachenbrücke Recklinghausen).Anhand der Beispiele: “selbstwölbende Stabflechtwerkschalen” und “PCM – People Cargo Mover” werden eigene Forschungsarbeiten vorgestellt. Daraus können Entwürfe aus Stahl in Verbindung mit anderen Materialien für neue Anwendungen weiterentwickelt werden.Unter den Aspekten der globalen Bevölkerungsentwicklung wird auf zukünftige Herausforderungen hingewiesen, bei denen Ingenieur‐Entwürfe zu neuen Lösungen beitragen können.
Wiederaufbau der Sloboda‐Brücke Novi Sad – Teil II
Authors: Minas Frank 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDie bei einem NATO‐Luftangriff 1999 teilweise zerstörte Schrägseilbrücke über die Donau bei Novi Sad, Serbien wurde in den Jahren 2002 bis 2005 wieder instand gesetzt. Diese Fortsetzung des Berichtes aus Stahlbau 73 (2004), 10, S. 811–817 befaßt sich im wesentlichen mit der Montage, den Ausbauarbeiten und dem Brückentest.
Neue Prüftechniken anstelle schweißtechnischer Reparaturen
Authors: Schmeink Helmut , Fischer Karl‐Heinz 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDer vorliegende Bericht zum Vortrag “Neue Prüftechniken anstelle schweißtechnischer Reparaturen” resultiert aus einem Forschungsvorhaben, das die SLV Duisburg, Niederlassung der GSI mbH zusammen mit der RWTH Aachen bearbeitet hat. In diesem Forschungsvorhaben wurde die Problematik nicht durchgeschweißter Nähte aufgegriffen, der im Stahl‐ und Maschinenbaubereich ein hoher Stellenwert zukommt. Die RWTH Aachen konzentrierte sich auf die Themenkomplexe der Bruchmechanik und Betriebsfestigkeit während die SLV Duisburg die Problematik der zerstörungsfreien Prüftechnik bearbeitete. Es wurden Lösungen angestrebt, die unter Praxisbedingungen umsetzbar sind und einen möglichst geringen gerätetechnischen und finanziellen Aufwand erfordern. Einige Lösungsansätze sind mit der Standardausrüstung eines Ultraschallprüfers realisierbar. Andere erfordern einen geringen Aufwand in Form gerätetechnischer Zusatzausrüstung.
Evaluation of cowpea accessions for the Southern Guinea savannah
Authors: Awopetu JA , Aliyu OM 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwenty‐five accessions of cowpea of different origin were evaluated in Ilorin, in the Southern Guinea savannah of Nigeria. They showed variable adaptation in terms of flowering time, leaves at flowering, pattern of branching, yield capabilities and time of maturity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Medical treatment of vulvar squamous cell hyperplasia
Authors: Ayhan A. , Guvendag Guven E.S. , Guven S. , Sakinci M. , Kucukali T. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjective: To evaluate symptomatic response and recurrence rates of graduated topical fluorinated corticosteroid in patients with vulvar squamous cell hyperplasia.Methods: Nine hundred seventy‐six patients with biopsy‐proven vulvar squamous cell hyperplasia from 1990 to 2003 were reviewed in this retrospective study. All patients were treated with graduated topical fluorinated corticosteroid. Data were obtained from hospital records. Symptomatic remission and recurrence rates were noted following six months local therapy.Results: The mean age was 42.55 ± 10.93 (15‐85). The remission rate was 93.8% in six months. The remission rate was non‐significantly higher in postmenopausal patients than that in their premenopausal counterpart (94.9% vs 93.0%, p = 0.15). The disease recurred in 6.9% of patients. Of the patients that suffered recurrence 47.5% had persistent disease initially. The patients with following factors older ages (>40 years), postmenopausal period had significantly higher recurrence rates. Four patients with recurrent disease and six patients with persistent disease in the form of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia I‐II or atypical squamous hyperplasia, were treated with skinning vulvectomy.Conclusion: Corticosteroid in the treatment of vulvar squamous cell hyperplasia yielded excellent response rates. In the evaluation of patients without symptomatic relief, the first step should be a vulvar biopsy to exclude the presence of atypical components.
Balance Ability in Patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Chang Wen‐Ching , Hsu Li‐Chi , Yang Yea‐Ru , Wang Ray‐Yau 
Published: September 2006

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of the study was to investigate the balance ability of the patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGTwenty‐three patients (63.3 ± 9.2 years of age) with a diagnosis of unilateral posterior semicircular canal BPPV were recruited. Static balance was measured in 4 conditions with eyes open and eyes closed: stance on firm surface, stance on foam surface, left leg stance, and right leg stance. Dynamic balance was measured in tandem walk test. Data of the patients with BPPV were compared to age‐matched norm values of the healthy adults.RESULTSThe patients with BPPV demonstrated greater sway velocity in stance on foam surface with eyes closed (P < 0.05), in single leg stance with eyes closed (P < 0.001), and in tandem walk test (P < 0.05) compared to the healthy adults.CONCLUSIONSPatients with BPPV demonstrated impaired static and dynamic balance ability particularly when depriving visual and changing proprioceptive inputs.SIGNIFICANCEClinically, in addition to canalith repositioning maneuver, balance retraining on different conditions may be a useful adjunct to treatment for patients with BPPV.
Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Correlation with Clinical Examination and Patient Perception
Authors: Pang Kenny P. , Terris David J. , Podolsky Robert 
Published: September 2006

OBJECTIVETo correlate clinical history, patient self‐perception of obstructive sleep apnea, and physical examination with the severity of OSA.METHODSOne hundred and two consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled over a 6‐month period. All patients underwent a comprehensive history and clinical examination, nasopharyngoscopy, and an overnight‐attended polysomnogram.RESULTSThere were 65 males and 37 females with a mean age of 50.2 ± 11.3 years (range, 24 to 76 years). The mean apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) was 37.9 ± 27.7 (range, 0.7 to 111.2). There was a strong correlation between patient self‐perception of OSA severity and AHI (r = 0.499, P < 0.0001), and the correlation with AI was 0.577 (P < 0.0001). OSA severity strongly correlated with Friedman Tongue Position grade, (r = 0.389, P < 0.0001), Friedman clinical staging, (r = 0.331, P = 0.0007). Of significance, only 6.9% of patients with mild OSA had a >50% collapse of the base of tongue region, as compared to 65.9% of patients with severe OSA.CONCLUSIONThere is good correlation between clinical examination parameters and the severity of OSA. An algorithm for surgical treatment of OSA should acknowledge both the site of obstruction and the severity of disease.
Thyroid Cancer in Children: Management and Outcome Experience of a Referral Center
Authors: Popovtzer Aron , Shpitzer Thomas , Bahar Gideon , Feinmesser Raphael , Segal Karol 
Published: September 2006

OBJECTIVETo shed light on the discrepancy between the advanced stage at presentation and high recurrence rate of well‐differentiated thyroid cancer in children and the overall good survival.DESIGN AND METHODSThe files of 75 children with well‐differentiated thyroid cancer treated from 1954 to 2001 in a major tertiary‐care hospital were reviewed for disease course, management, and outcome.RESULTSSixty patients (80%) had positive neck metastases with involvement of central compartment lymph nodes in all, lateral neck nodes in 36, and distant metastases in 4. Sixty‐seven patients underwent total thyroidectomy with adjuvant radioiodine treatment and 8 underwent hemithyroidectomy; all had concomitant neck treatment. The rate of local (5%) and neck (9%) recurrence was similar to the total rate reported in adults. Total thyroidectomy led to a significantly lower recurrence rate (7.5%) than hemithyroidectomy (38%; P < 0.005). Type of neck dissection did not affect recurrence or appearance of distant metastases. All deaths (n = 2) were due to distant metastases, whereas 30% of adult deaths are due to local or neck disease.CONCLUSIONSThe treatment of choice for well‐differentiated thyroid cancer in young patients is total thyroidectomy. Neither regional disease at presentation nor recurrences affect survival.
Laryngotracheal Separation Surgery: Outcome in 60 Patients
Authors: Zocratto Orlando B. , Savassi‐Rocha Paulo R. , Paixão Rafael M. , Salles José M. P. 
Published: September 2006

OBJECTIVETo determine the outcome of laryngotracheal separation (LTS) in 60 patients in terms of the control and prevention of severe and persistent aspiration, morbidity and mortality, reversibility rate, and the influence of the presence of a tracheostomy.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective study.RESULTSLTS showed significant efficacy rates in terms of both treatment (87%) and prevention (100%) of pulmonary aspiration. Twenty‐six (43%) patients developed postoperative complications. A tracheocutaneous fistula of the proximal tracheal stump was observed in 14 (23%) patients and was the most frequent complication, especially in patients with a therapeutic indication (P = 0.028) and in those with a tracheostomy (P = 0.058). Reversion of LTS was possible in 12 (20%) patients, mainly those with a prophylactic indication (P = 0.005). However, the rates of complications (58%) and inefficacy (27%) of reversion surgery were high.CONCLUSIONLTS is effective in the elimination and prevention of clinically intractable aspiration. The procedure is potentially reversible. However, the frequency of complications for both LTS and reversion surgery is significant.