bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) management within the healthcare System of Pakistan: Insights from a Cross-Sectional analysis of GOLD Guidelines implementation
Authors: Kanwal Hafsa , Khan Amjad , Kalsoom Umm-e- , Mushtaq Saima , Khan Yusra Habib , Rabia Mahwish , Fang Yu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background:
Recognizing the significance of standardized treatment guidelines in managing COPD, this study aimed to explore prescription patterns in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The primary objectives were to assess the extent to which pulmonologists adhere to these guidelines and to pinpoint any factors that may influence physician adherence.
Methodology:
The research was conducted from April to September 2022 in various healthcare facilities within the twin cities of Pakistan. COPD outpatients were categorized into different risk groups (ABCD) in accordance with the 2021 GOLD strategy. In the context of COPD management, physicians' clinical practices were evaluated by examining both the patients' disease status and the treatment regimens prescribed to determine the degree of adherence to established guidelines.
Results:
The study included 182 patients, mostly (73.6%) were male with the age mean ± SD 61.16 ± 11.004 years. All patients were Asian Pakistani (100%); 102 (56.0%) patients lived in urban areas, and 80 (44.0%) in rural areas. The most prescribed treatment was the combination long-acting beta agonist (LABA) (27.5%), followed by combination therapy LAMA + LABA (in different inhalers) ((21.4%), LAMA (17.0%), and LABA + ICS (13.7%).The most inappropriate therapies were in Group A (56.09%) followed by a7.5% in Group C. Patients with cardiovascular comorbidities had a .479 (95% CI, .264-.868) times higher risk of receiving an inappropriate therapy (p = 0.015).
Conclusions:
Pulmonologist compliance with the GOLD guidelines falls short of the desired level and necessitates enhancement. Among the influential factors contributing to the inadequacy of COPD treatments, cardiovascular comorbidities and the inclusion of low-risk Groups A and B are notable, as they carry an elevated risk of overtreatment. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that LABA, while being the most frequently prescribed therapy, is not aligned with the guideline's recommendations to a substantial extent.
Effectiveness of a 2-dose varicella vaccination program in Changzhou, China, during the transitional period (2017-2022): a registry-based case-cohort study
Authors: Xiong Suting , Han Changlei , Wu Dan , Mi Xiaomeng , Zhang Peipei , Gao Han , Cao Gan , Yao Fang , Chen Cong , Lv Xufeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The benefits of high coverage and timeliness of varicella vaccination need to be quantified in countries where varicella vaccine (VarV) has not yet been included in national immunization programs. This longitudinal study analyzed the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the varicella vaccination program implemented in Changzhou City during the transitional period (2017–2022).
Methods
Using the Immunization Information System and National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance System registry data, this retrospective case-cohort study assessed the VEs of varicella vaccination for Changzhou children born from 2016 to 2021. A subcohort was sampled using inverse probability weighting for the survival analysis design to evaluate the VEs under different dosages and cost types, eliminating confounding by age and location area. Sensitivity analysis for the exclusion part assessed the study's robustness.
Results
A total of 5,172 children (1.12%) were sampled to the subcohort for studies, including 2,299 cases. VEs significantly rose with each successive dose, reaching 82.54% and 97.91%. VEs were lower for the single-dose subgroups until 2019, with significant increases in VEs in all subgroups in 2019 and after that. Most children who did not benefit from the "1–4" Vaccination Program had lower VEs due to delayed vaccination.
Conclusion
High 2-dose VarV vaccine coverage and timely vaccination could enhance the immune barrier for susceptible children. During the transitional period, the "1–4" Vaccination Program had a positive impact on coverage and timeliness in Changzhou.
Constructing a toilet standard system for the toilet revolution in China
Authors: Cheng Shikun , Ye Ziwang , Li Xinying , Manga Musa , Dorea Caetano , Chen Zhengxian , Li Zifu , Ma Xiaolei , Mang Heinz-Peter , Li Tianxin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Access to adequate and secure sanitation to prevent and reduce disease occurrence and improve people's health has been a longstanding global concern. Toilet standardization is immensely important for the promotion of sanitation in China. At present, China has more than 200 toilet-related standards, including national, industrial, provincial, association, and enterprise standards. In addition, there are many existing problems with the standard system, such as standards lagging, standards deficiency, and cross-repetition of standards content. This study analyzed the toilet standards utilizing a six-dimensional structure of the standardized system engineering methodology. A framework for the toilet standard system, which consists of six components, is proposed: basic general standard, public toilet standard, household toilet standard, toilet hardware standard, environmental health and safety standard, and toilet accessory standard and standard toilet peripherals. Additionally, the study suggests approaches for improving standardization including cultivating and developing association and enterprise standards, establishing a standardization technical committee, strengthening standard publicizing and implementation, and linkages with international standards.
The prediction of precipitation changes in the Aji-Chay watershed using CMIP6 models and the wavelet neural network
Authors: Khoramabadi Farahnaz , Fard Moradinia Sina 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Greenhouse gases affect climate system disturbances. This research employs sixth generation CMIP6 models in the SSP5.85 scenario and extends the use of the neural wavelet network to predict precipitation variations for the future (2025–2065). Kendall's trend test is used to assess changes in precipitation trends for observed and projected periods. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) validates models under SSP5.85 by comparing observed precipitation with model predictions. A multi-layer perceptron neural network assesses climate change's impact on future precipitation. Findings indicate future precipitation is projected to fluctuate from −0.146 to over −2.127 mm compared to the baseline period. The observed period showed a significant 3.37% monthly precipitation decrease within the watershed. The CanESM5 model predicts a 3.916 reduction in precipitation with 95% confidence, while INM-CM4-8 and MRI-ESM2-0 models are less certain. The minor difference between CanESM5's predicted (−5.91) and observed (−5.05) precipitation suggests a slight variance. On the other hand, the wavelet neural network (WNN) model predicts that precipitation in this region will increase in the future. In general, this study predicts a decrease in precipitation for the Aji-Chay watershed in Iran over the next decade, could lead to serious issues like lower crop yields, rising food prices, and even droughts.
Observation on breeding of Silky-tailed Nightjar Antrostomus sericocaudatus sericocaudatus (Caprimulgidae) from Paraguay
Authors: Smith Rebecca L. , Smith Paul 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: We provide the first Paraguayan breeding data for the rare Atlantic Forest species Silky-tailed Nightjar Antrostomus sericocaudatus sericocaudatus (Caprimulgidae). A nest was located in Itapúa department on 10 November 2017 and a single chick was found to be present on 5 December. The female attending the nest was observed to perform a distraction display.
Keywords: Atlantic Forest, distraction display, Itapúa department

RESUMO: Fornecemos os primeiros dados de reprodução paraguaios para a espécie rara da Mata Atlântica bacurau-rabo-de-seda Antrostomus sericocaudatus sericocaudatus (Caprimulgidae). Um ninho foi localizado no departamento de Itapúa em 10 de novembro de 2017 e um único filhote foi encontrado em 5 de dezembro. A fêmea que frequentava o ninho foi observada realizando uma exibição de distração.
Palavras chaves: exibição de distração, Mata Atlântica, departamento de Itapúa
The Experience of Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment Across Common Cancers: Protocol for a Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Ibrar Maryam , Rai Harleen Kaur , Main Ashleigh , McCartney Haruno , Maguire Roma , Rodriguez Mario Alfredo Parra 
Published: April 2024

Background
Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is commonly experienced by patients with cancer during treatment, and 35% of patients experience cognitive impairment after treatment completion. Impairments in memory, attention, executive functioning, and information processing speed are most reported and often negatively impact daily functioning and quality of life (QoL). Despite the large scale of reports, this adverse side effect is underinvestigated across common cancer types, and there is a lack of insight into the CRCI experience.

Objective
This qualitative synthesis aims to explore the evidence in relation to the experience of CRCI across common cancers. It also aims to understand the prevalence of CRCI across various cancer types, cognitive domains, and its impact on QoL and functional ability.

Methods
A comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, American Psychological Association PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus, will be conducted. A total of 2 independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts for inclusion, followed by full-text screening. A third reviewer will resolve any arising conflicts in the process of data screening and inclusion. Subsequently, data extraction and quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool will be conducted. The results will be analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
This review is part of a PhD program funded in January 2023. The review commenced in June 2023, and data analysis is currently in progress. The qualitative synthesis will explore the experiences of CRCI across common cancers. The included studies are expected to report on numerous cancer types such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia, and lung cancer. The included study types are most likely to be interviews, focus groups, and surveys with qualitative components.

Conclusions
This protocol highlights the need for a qualitative synthesis that will explore the experience of CRCI across common cancer types. It will provide valuable insight into the lived experience of CRCI and the cognitive domains that may be disproportionately affected. There is a growing demand for further management interventions and clinically tested treatments of CRCI and the qualitative exploration of patient experience is crucial for their development. This qualitative synthesis will inform future developments and will contribute to improving QoL after cancer.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/56888
BIHEVIORISTIČKO PRAVO I EKONOMIJA (BEHAVIORAL LAW AND ECONOMICS)
Authors: Mihajlović Aleksandar 
Published: April 2024

The book Behavioral Law and Economics. co-authored by Eyal Zamir and Doron Teichman, was originally published in English by Oxford University Press in 2018.[1] In this book review, we will focus on the Serbian translation of this monumental work in the field of behavioral law and economics.[2] This book is part of a corpus of books published within the ERASMUS+ project “Public Policy Making and Analysis (PPMA)”, which was funded by the European Commission and aimed at lifelong learning in the field of public policies in Serbia.[1] Eyal Zamir, Doron Teichman. (2018). Behavioral Law and Economics. Oxford University Press.[2] Ejal Zamir, Doron Tajhman. (2022). Biheviorističko pravo i ekonomija, [Behavioral Law and Economics], Dosije studio Beograd, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, SeCons–grupa za razvojnu inicijativu, Beograd (662 str.).
Retrospective evaluation of voriconazole treatment in psittacines: 14 cases (2012–2023)
Authors: Hinkle Daria , Mans Christoph 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To retrospectively evaluate the clinical use of voriconazole in psittacine patients for the treatment of suspected respiratory fungal infections.

ANIMALS
14 client-owned psittacine birds.

METHODS
Medical records were searched from 2012 to 2023 for voriconazole use in psittacines. Species, age, clinical signs, physical examination findings, CT reports, bloodwork results, treatment, and outcome were obtained from the records or client follow-up.

RESULTS
African grey parrots were the most prevalent species (8/14). Dyspnea (9/14) and abnormal respiratory auscultation (11/14) were the most common examination abnormalities. An initial CT was performed in all cases, and pneumonia (10/14) and air sac disease (9/14) were the most common findings, with 8 cases having both pulmonary and air sac disease. Voriconazole doses ranged from 10 to 21 mg/kg (median, 16 mg/kg), with most cases prescribed as every-12-hour frequency (12/14). Three of 14 (21%) cases died or were euthanized within 24 days of diagnosis. One case was euthanized at 311 days, and 6 cases were lost to follow-up. Four of 14 (29%) cases lived > 12 months from diagnosis. Two of these cases cleared clinical infection after receiving voriconazole at 17 to 18 mg/kg (q 12 h). No adverse effects attributable to voriconazole were reported.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Voriconazole can be safely used for the treatment of suspected fungal respiratory infection in psittacines. However, the prognosis for resolution is guarded, and prolonged treatment and repeated diagnostic imaging are necessary in many cases.
Approaches using genome-wide association studies and heat stress resistance related genes in chicken – a review
Authors: Asadollahi Hamed , Bagheri Mehri 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Heat stress-induced reduction in feed intake in an annoyance of the poultry industry. High environmental temperature is a serious stress affecting economic and biological efficiency of poultry production in tropical and subtropical regions countries that are expected to become more prominent with global climate change. An effective tool for improving heat tolerance can be genomic selection based on single nucleotide polymorphisms. In the past few years, new molecular tools have been developed, such as RNA-Seq, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), and bioinformatics approaches such as Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). Based on these genetic tools, many studies have detected the main pathways involved in cellular response mechanisms. This study aims to present chicken genomic regions controlling survival against heat stress. Genetic studies conducted on experimental lines can therefore be of potential interest for marker-assisted selection in commercial lines. Also, survivability to high temperature might be due to the SNP markers that are located inside or close to the genes such as CEP78, MEF2C, VPS13A, ARRDC3, and which had relatively biological pathways in heat shock resistance.
Advocates and Legal Advisers in Civil Proceedings in Kazakhstan: Is Advocate Monopoly Required?
Authors: Zhamburbayeva Sabina , Ilyassova Gulzhazira 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper intends to assess the feasibility of introducing a lawyer’s monopoly in Kazakhstan. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the current legal provisions of the Republic of Kazakhstan regarding judicial representatives authorized to provide legal assistance on behalf of civil proceedings. The work examines foreign experience from the point of view of the applicability of best practices. The study notes the shortcomings of the recently adopted legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of regulation of advocateship. Attention is focused on the fact that it is the legal profession that should serve as the key to the effective implementation of the constitutional right of citizens to receive qualified legal assistance. An advocates’ monopoly on judicial representation will contribute to the establishment of a single ecosystem that consolidates special professional groups and independent lawyer associations capable of providing qualified legal assistance.
The Royal Proclamation of 1763
Authors: George III  
Published: April 2024

George III. (1763). London: Printed by Mark Baskett, Printer to the King’s most Excellent Majesty; and by the Assigns of Robert Baskett. http://www.aadnc-aandcgc.ca/eng/1370355181092/1370355203645
Miller, J.R. (2009). Compact, Contract, Covenant: Aboriginal Treaty-Making in Canada.Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
كلمة "في" القرآنية وأثرها في توجيه المعنى القرآني ( آية الصدقات إنموذجاً )
Authors: علوان الموسوي سلام خليل 
Published: April 2024

الحمد لله رب العالمين الذي انزل على عبده الكتاب ولم يجعل له عوجاً ، والصلاة والسلام على النبي الأمين وعلى آله وصحبه أفضل صلاة وأتم تسليم .
أما بعد :
فمن المعروف ان جميع الدراسات اللغوية والشرعية تتخذ من القرآن الكريم قواعد أساسية لها فهو المهيمن على كل كلام ، فأسراره لا تنقطع ، وعجائبه لا تنتهي ، ومهما حاول العلماء الوقوف على اسراره ينهلوا من شهده ما يطيب لهم ، ويأتي الآخرون ليجدوا أنهم لم يبلغوا هدفهم فيكتشفوا الدرر ، وتشكل حروف الجر في القرآن الكريم مبحثاً مهماً لكل باحث بما تتسم به من ايراد كل حرف في مكانه المناسب له من حيث بيان دلالاتها المعجزة للخلق ، ومن بين هذه الحروف اخترنا حرف الجر "في" فوجدته موضوعاً لا يستطيع الباحث أن يلم بأطرافه في بحث صغير ، وان كان مبحث دراستنا مقيد بالقرآن الكريم الا أن المباحث التي يمكن ان يتناولها هذا الحرف في القرآن الكريم كثيرة جداً ، لذا أقتصر البحث بالدراسة لإنموذجاً واحداً ، وهو أثر هذا الحرف في توجيه المعنى القرآني لآية الزكاة ، وهي قوله تعالى:﴿ إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَالْغَارِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ فَرِيضَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ﴾(1)، وقسمت البحث على ثلاثة مباحث تكلمت في المبحث الأول على أماكن وجود كلمة في القرآنية بصيغها المختلفة ، وكان المبحث الثاني في معاني كلمة "في" القرآنية ، وأما المبحث الثالث فقد كان في آثار كلمة "في" في توجيه المعنى القرآني ، ثم تلت هذه المباحث خاتمة لأهم نتائج البحث ، ثم قائمة للمصادر والمراجع .
Alternativa para o ensino remoto das ações de promoção da saúde
Authors: Santos Geovana Ribeiro dos , Romanowski Francielle Nunes de Azevedo , Martorell Leandro Brambilla , Franco Lila Louise Moreira Martins , Reis Liliane Braga Monteiro dos , Azevedo Monarko Nunes de 
Published: April 2024

Os autores relatam a experiência de reestruturação das estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem durante a pandemia COVID-19, em um curso de Odontologia, envolvendo docentes, discentes, comunidade e serviços de saúde. Diante da suspensão das atividades presenciais nas instituições de ensino e estágios na comunidade, os acadêmicos do Curso de Odontologia da Universidade Evangélica de Goiás utilizaram o arco de Maguerez, para observar a realidade de algumas regiões do município, identificar os principais problemas de saúde e sociais existentes e propor soluções, pautadas na literatura científica, para intervir na comunidade com diferentes estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem reestruturadas, mediadas por recursos educativos que permitissem difundir preceitos de saúde de forma remota. Foram desenvolvidos vídeos curtos, tutoriais, livros, cartilhas e manuais, que, com linguagem clara, acessível e explicativa, orientaram a comunidade por meio das redes sociais e de transmissões ao vivo pela internet. A comunidade teve acesso aos materiais produzidos pelos telefones celulares e computadores, em que pese a limitação de quem não possuía estes equipamentos. Foram abordados temas como orientações sobre higiene bucal, alimentação saudável, importância da atividade física, descrição das condições bucais e sistêmicas e como preveni-las, orientações sobre como lidar com as diferenças dos indivíduos e a solidão na quarentena. No contexto pandêmico, as limitações impostas pelo isolamento social implicaram na necessidade de reestruturação das estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem, provocando nos docentes, discentes, comunidade e serviço de saúde uma aproximação da tecnologia digital, trazendo o desafio de se desenvolver uma educação problematizadora, com o uso de estratégias dinâmicas e reflexivas.
Wszystkie zwierzęta są równe… czyli dlaczego zasada etyczna, na której opiera się ludzka równość, wymaga od nas także równego traktowania zwierząt
Authors: Singer Peter , Kozhevnikov Dmitry , Kozhevnikova Magdalena 
Published: April 2024

Exctract from the book Animal Liberation Now (Publisher: New York: HarperCollins, 2023), which shows that despite the growing importance of the animal liberation movement, we still abuse animals on an incomprehensible scale. The book returns to the themes of Animal Liberation – Peter Singer’s groundbreaking work from 1975 and examines how the issues of the animal rights movement intertwine with climate change and social justice. The book is also a voice arguing for a new ethics of our relationship with animals. In the quoted passage, Peter Singer argues for animal liberation and equal treatment of the interests of humans and non-humans. He also describes speciesism as prioritizing the interests of one’s own species. The ethical basis for equal treatment of different species is their shared capacity to suffer.
Facebook and Female Member of Parliament in Malaysia, Where are We Going Now?
Authors: Mazlan Najwa , Abd Hamid Rohana , Aminudin Rabi'ah 
Published: April 2024

Female participation in politics at the decision-making level is less than 25 percent. One of the barriers faced by female MPs is the lack of access to equal coverage in traditional news media. As an alternative, social media such as Facebook is likely to break this barrier down as it can offer opportunities for them to engage with the citizens and connect with their constituencies. This is because social media has transformed the way politicians interact with citizens. It functions as a political equaliser to female decision makers by giving them the opportunities to communicate directly with their supporters and explain their positions, unfiltered. Hence, social media is expected to assist women achieve greater political parity. The objective of this paper is to understand how women in politics use Facebook sustain successful political careers as members of Parliament in Malaysia. Hence, this paper relies on a qualitative content analysis of the female members of the Parliament to find out the distribution pattern of Facebook usage by the MPs and the extent it is used to facilitate communication to address gender related issues. This study also seeks to find out the barriers to inactive use of Facebook in advocating the aforementioned issues. To answer these questions, the researcher relies on interview method. This study found that female MPs focus more on the interactive function of social media rather than its informative function. This means that female MPs, who are frequently at a disadvantage when competing for resources, have not been using Facebook to empower their status and position. This study also found that although Facebook is used by many female MPs, Facebook does not guarantee an equalising platform for women to advocate for gender-related issues. The results show that a few MPs were reluctant to post and discuss said matters on their Facebook pages.