bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptability, feasibility and fidelity of the culturally adapted version of Unplugged (“Yo Se Lo Que Quiero”), a substance use preventive program among adolescents in Chile: a pilot randomized controlled study
Authors: Salgado Gabriel , Gaete Jorge , Gana Sofía , Valenzuela Daniela , Araya Ricardo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction. The consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana is a public health problem that impacts the cognitive, social, and emotional development of adolescents. Prevention strategies such as the "Unplugged" program are effective in delaying the progression of daily smoking and episodes of drunkenness among adolescents. "Yo Se Lo Que Quiero" (YSLQQ) corresponds to the adaptation of this program to the Chilean context. This study assesses the acceptability and feasibility of implementing this program to the local reality.
Material and methods. This was a cluster-randomized controlled pilot study conducted on six public schools. All consented students attending 6th, 7th, and 8th grades (n = 1,180) participated in the study. The schools were randomly assigned to one of two conditions in a 1:1 ratio: 1) the "YSLQQ" intervention group (n = 526), and 2) the Control group (n = 654). The program consisted of a 12-hour class-based curriculum based on a comprehensive social-inﬂuence approach delivered by a trained facilitator. The acceptability and feasibility were assessed in the intervention group at the end of the intervention using questionnaires answered by students and facilitators. The quality and fidelity of the program were evaluated during the implementation using self-ported surveys answered by the facilitators and the assessment of video-recorded sessions rated by external observers. Finally, a pre-test and a post-test survey assessing past and current substance use and risk and protective factors were conducted before and immediately after the program's implementation.
Results. A high proportion of students (49.6%) liked the sessions. 79.2% reported that the YSLQQ helped them learn about the dangers of drugs, while 65.8% reported having more skills to avoid drug use in the future. Regarding students' satisfaction with YSLQQ, 62.9% reported being happy or very happy with the program. Facilitators reported implementing the intervention according to the manual in 73.9% of sessions. Regarding drug use, students who participated in the intervention groups reported a significant reduction in drunkenness in the last year and last 30-day prevalence and also a significant reduction in a lifetime and 30-day prevalence of cannabis use when compared with those students in the control group.
Conclusions. Our results suggest that YSLQQ has adequate acceptability and feasibility to be implemented in the Chilean context, and there were promising results in reducing drunkenness and cannabis use. Future research should confirm these results in a larger RCT study.
Trial registration: NCT04566627
Prevalence and Determinants of Contraceptive Use Among Men in Tanzania: Analysis of Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2022
Authors: Luoga Pankras , Adam Jovinary , Abihudi Siri A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Globally, contraceptive use is an important strategy in fighting maternal and neonatal deaths. The spacing and avoiding unplanned pregnancies while providing woman with enough time recovering her health and newborns growing. However, the contraception use in developing countries including Tanzania is low and is worse among men, culturally regarded as the dominant decision makers in sexual relationships.
Objective
To assess prevalence and determinants of the contraceptive use among Tanzanian men using the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) 2022.
Methods
The secondary study analyzed the data collected using cross-sectional study design of weighted 5763 men obtained from the TDHS 2022. A dependent variable was contraceptive use and independent variables were man’s demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Bivariate and multivariable analysis were conducted and p-value < 0.05 determined a significant factor.
Results
The prevalence of contraceptive use among Tanzanian men is 26%. The logistic regression showed men aged 45–49 years (aOR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.90–5.01) had higher odds to use contraceptive compared to men aged 15–19. Men with higher education (aOR = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.79–4.84) had higher odds to use contraceptive compared to those with informal education, from rich quantile (aOR = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.92–1.46) had higher odds compared to poor. Men with five and above children (aOR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.08–2.43) had higher odds to use contraceptive compared to those with no child. Those desired no more child had odds of 1.4 times higher to use contraceptive (aOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.05–1.88), men who heard family planning on radio (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.16–1.66) had higher odds of using contraceptive to those who did not.
Conclusion
The contraceptive use among Tanzanian men is generally low 26% and was associated with man’s age, education level, wealth index, number of children, and occupation. More tailored programs targeting men to increase their education level particularly health education are crucial in increasing men’s contraceptive use in Tanzania.
Influence of nursing time and staffing on medical errors: A cross-sectional analysis of administrative data
Authors: Moriwaki Mutsuko , Tanaka Michiko , Kakehashi Masayuki , Koizumi Masato , Horiguchi Hiromasa , Hayashida Kenshi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Medical errors cause adverse events; however, no studies have examined medical errors related to nursing hours considering unit characteristics in Japan. We investigated medical errors mainly caused by nurses to quantitatively assess ward activity as busyness in nursing duties.
Methods
This study considered patients hospitalized in general wards of 10 National Hospital Organization institutions between April 2019 and March 2020. Study data were obtained from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination system, incident reports system, and the format to report nursing staffing and time. Data for 27,629 unit-days with 88,475 patients were analyzed. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine effect of factors on medical errors.
Results
The mean age of the patients was 71.43 years (SD = 15.08). The medical error rate in the units was 13.71%. The mean nursing time per patient during day shift was 1.95 hours (SD = 0.58) in the non-medical error group and 2.06 hours (SD = 0.58) in the medical error group (p < 0.01). Nursing time per patient in the medical error group compared to that in the non-medical error group had an odds ratio of 1.31 (p < 0.01) during day shift.
Conclusions
Contrary to the evidence, the results showed that medical errors caused by nurses were related to increased nurse time with patients in day shifts. Further investigation is needed on the relationship of busyness with nursing duties to ensure the adequate nurse-patient ratio and nursing time to improve patient safety.
Adolescents’ school experiences: Understanding the needs of young people post COVID-19
Authors: Patrick Pamela Marie , Pamflett Sarah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Victorian students completed two years of virtual schooling, which has been reported to contribute to many academic, social, and mental health impacts. Thus, it is important to capture the voices of students as they adjust to schooling in a post-pandemic era.
Method
The current study utilised focus groups to explore the experiences and needs of eight Victorian secondary school students. Participants’ lived realities formed four main themes, namely: (i) social interactions, (ii) academic pressure and classroom dynamics, (iii) mixed views about school wellbeing efforts and (iv) re-learning school routines and expectations.
Results
A diverse range of experiences were captured across these four themes that are further categorised into sub-themes. It was found that some participants struggled to adapt to socialising in person again, whilst others indicated that their social networks broadened after forming unlikely friendships online. Participants reported that school wellbeing approaches felt ingenuine and tokenistic. Participants also discussed their challenges with having to stick to routines and timetables and missed the flexibility of home-based learning during lockdowns.
Conclusions
The implications of these findings are discussed, and student-identified strategies are outlined to facilitate student engagement and wellbeing in a post-pandemic era.
Multiple sclerosis and self-alienation: A study based on self and others representations
Authors: Ziaie Leila , Mazaheri Mohammad Ali , Zabihzadeh Abbas , Etemadifar Masoud , Shokri Omid , Contrada Richard J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. MS causes many changes in the lives of its patients, forcing them to renegotiate their lives. Part of these changes are related to patients' self- and others- mental representations. Despite the importance of mental representations in changes caused by or adaptation to MS, limited research has been conducted to examine the mental representations of patients with MS.
Methods
This study examines the mental representations that Healthy Controls (HC) and Patients with MS (PWMS) have of themselves and others, including childhood and current self-images, as well as those of their mothers, love partners, and close friends. In both groups (HC (n = 82) and PWMS (n = 82)), participants completed demographic variables as well as a modified version of the comfortable interpersonal distance (CID) task in both passive (when protagonists approached them) and active modes (when participants approach protagonists). Participants estimated the point at which they felt discomforted.
Results
The PWMS group preferred a significantly larger interpersonal distance than the HC group for both current self-image and love partner. There is no difference between the two groups in preferring interpersonal distance from their childhood self-image, mother, and friends.
Conclusions
Based on the research results, it seems that PWMS experience a kind of alienation at the level of self-mental representations. This research can be helpful in modifying MS interventions and increasing the engagement of support systems.
Investigating the impact of gut microbiota on venous thromboembolism through a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Jia , Fei Bojian , Wang Chao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Recent studies have suggested an association between gut microbiota (GM) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, observational studies cannot indicate causality and population-level studies with a higher evidence level for causality are lacking. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the causal association of GM and VTE.
Methods
This study utilized the summary-level data of respective genome-wide association study for 196 gut microbial taxa and VTE. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design was deployed and comprehensively sensitive analyses were followed to validate the robustness of results. We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, the weighted median method, weighted mode method, simple mode method, MR-Egger regression, MR-Egger intercept test, Cochrane’s Q-test, outlier test, and leave-one-out analysis as the primary analysis.
Results
We identified suggestive associations between 17 bacterial traits and the risk of VTE. Porphyromonadaceae (IVW odds ratio (OR): 1.3729, p = 0.0035) and Cyanobacteria (IVW OR: 1.2151, p = 0.0048) were associated with increased risk of VTE. Three gut microbiota taxa (Eubacteriumrectalegroup (IVW OR: 1.0038, p = 0.0278), Coprococcus2 (IVW OR: 1.0041, p = 0.0063), and LachnospiraceaeUCG001 (IVW OR: 1.0041, p = 0.0009) were predicted to play a causal role in enhancing the risk of encompassing deep vein thrombosis. And three gut microbiota taxa (Christensenellaceae (IVW OR: 1.0023, p = 0.0497), Streptococcaceae (IVW OR: 1.0031, p = 0.0279), Victivallaceae (IVW OR: 1.0014, p = 0.0493) were positively associated with pulmonary embolism.
Conclusions
This study suggested the role of the specific GM on the risk for VTE, which may provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of VTE in the future.
Hypoglycemia and leg weakness in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): a case report
Authors: Tsai Meng-Chen , Bai Geng-Hao , Hsieh Li-Chun , Chuang Han-Chuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), stemming from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, persists as a global concern, despite decreased prevalence due to enhanced therapy and preventive measures. Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), a non-Hodgkin lymphoma, necessitates prompt brain imaging. However, nonspecific symptoms can lead to delayed diagnosis. Herein, we present a case of HIV-associated primary CNS lymphoma (HIV-PCNSL) characterized by atypical clinical presentation and laboratory findings.
Case presentation:
We report a case of a 36-year-old male with no medical history presenting with symptoms including fatigue, left leg weakness, hypoglycemia, and loss of consciousness. Diagnostic evaluations revealed multifocal low-density brain changes and the presence of nontyphoidal Salmonella in blood cultures. Subsequent investigations confirmed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with concurrent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Clinical manifestations and laboratory results suggested panhypopituitarism. A stereotactic brain biopsy confirmed primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). The patient underwent a comprehensive treatment regimen involving Rituximab and high-dose methotrexate for lymphoma, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV, and hormone replacement therapy for secondary adrenal insufficiency. This integrated approach resulted in tumor size reduction and overall clinical improvement.
Conclusions:
AIDS may manifest with diverse symptoms, particularly when neurological deficits are evident, prompting consideration of opportunistic brain infections or malignancies. Our case presentation elucidates the clinical rationale and diagnostic trajectory for detecting AIDS in a young man with hypoglycemia and left leg weakness. This underscores not only the atypical manifestations and differential diagnosis of brain lesions in AIDS patients but also advocates for a comprehensive approach.
Place-based household vouchers for locally supplied fruit and vegetables: The Fresh Street Pilot Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Relton Clare , Blake Megan , Bridge Gemma , Umney Darren , Taylor Stephanie , Adams Jean , Mihaylova Borislava , Griffiths Chris , Hooper Richard , Phillips Rachel , Palmer Louis , Gamston Annette , Williamson Kevin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Households in areas of socio-economic deprivation are more likely to consume diets low in fruit and vegetables. Fresh Street is a place-based fruit and vegetable voucher scheme with vouchers redeemable with local independent (non-supermarket) suppliers. Paper vouchers are offered to all households in a geographical area regardless of household type, size, or income with no requirement to demonstrate need. The regular shareable vouchers are combined with recipes and dietary information to increase exposure to healthy food prompts, reduce food insecurity, increase consumption of FV, improve dietary quality, and support healthy dietary habits.
This study aimed to inform a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to assess the impact of Fresh Street on a range of public health outcomes.
Methods: The pilot cluster RCT took place in three inner city areas of high socioeconomic deprivation in England (Tower Hamlets, Bradford, and Doncaster). New systems for managing vouchers and doorstep delivering weekly envelopes to households were developed. Weekly envelopes containing vouchers (5 x £1), a healthy seasonal recipe and brief nutritional information were offered to all households in nine intervention streets. Nine control streets received no intervention. Household surveys collected information on fruit and vegetable consumption, diet quality, and household characteristics.
Results: The household survey response rate was below the 50% target for progression to the main trial. Most local fruit and vegetable vendors accepted vouchers. Three quarters or more of households regularly accepted the envelopes. The scheme was well received by households, local vendors and local public health teams. Household uptake of the scheme was highest in Tower Hamlets (75%) and Bradford (83%). The mean weekly voucher redemption was highest in Tower Hamlets (£3.26) and Bradford (£2.82), where the scheme ran longest, and where vendors were nearby.
Conclusions: This was the first pilot RCT of a place-based, household voucher approach. The newly developed system for securely printing and redeeming the vouchers worked well and is potentially scalable.
Future trials should address low household survey response rates and explore more efficient ways to deliver the intervention e.g. through collaborative working with local resources such as community centres.
Comprehensive genomic analysis reveals molecular heterogeneity in pediatric ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Leventaki Vasiliki , Shaw Timothy , Pounds Stanley , Cao Xueyuan , Ma Jing , Palacios Gustavo , Mason John , Perkins Sherrie , Wu Gang , Fan Yiping , Wang Jian , Zhou Xin , Obermayer Alyssa , Kinney Marsha , Kraveka Jacqueline , Gross Thomas , Sandlund John , Zhang Jinghui , Mullighan Charles , Lim Megan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a mature T-cell lymphoma that accounts for for 10–15% of childhood lymphomas. Despite the observation that more than 90% of pediatric cases harbor the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement resulting in aberrant ALK kinase expression, there is significant clinical, morphologic, and biological heterogeneity. To gain insights into the genomic aberrations and molecular heterogeneity within ALK-positive ALCL(ALK+ ALCL), we analyzed 46 pediatric ALK+ ALCLs by whole-exome sequencing, RNA-sequencing, and DNA methylation profiling. Whole-exome sequencing found on average 25 SNV/Indel events per sample with recurring genetic events in regulators of DNA damage (TP53, MDM4), transcription (JUNB), and epigenetic regulators (TET1, KMT2B, KMT2A, KMT2C, KMT2E). Gene expression and methylation profiling consistently subclassified ALK+ ALCLs into two groups characterized by diferential ALK expression levels. The ALK-low group showed enrichment of pathways associated with immune response, cytokine signaling, and a hypermethylated predominant pattern compared to the ALK- high group, which had more frequent copy number changes, and was enriched with pathways associated with cell growth, proliferation, metabolic pathways, and. Taken together, these findings suggest that there is molecular heterogeneity within pediatric ALK+ALCL, predicting distinct biological mechanisms that may provide novel insights into disease pathogenesis and represent prognostic markers
Biomechanical analysis of the effect of aligner overtreatment on molar distalization with clear aligners: a finite-element study
Authors: Li Jialun , yang yi , Tang Ziwei , Fan qi , Ghaleb Omar M. , He Xian , Lai Wenli , Long hu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze the biomechanical effects of aligner overtreatment on molar distalization with clear aligners.
Methods: Various models comprising maxillary dentition, maxilla, periodontal ligaments, attachments, and aligners were meticulously crafted and integrated into finite-element software. Six distinct study models were devised for analysis. The first three models examined second molar distalization with clear aligner, with different configurations of attachments, i.e., no attachment, horizontal attachment or vertical attachment on the second molar. For the fourth and fifth models, class II elastic traction, either implemented via precision cut or button on canines, was applied. Lastly, aligner overtreatment with varying degrees of root distal tipping (0°, 2°, 4°, 6°, 8°, 10°, 12°) for the second molar was designed in the last study model.
Results: Distalization of the second molar produced buccal tipping, distal tipping and intrusion of the second molar, and labial proclination and intrusion of the central incisor. These displacement tendencies were enhanced by adding attachments on the second molar, especially the vertical attachment. Class II elastic tractions enhanced molar distalization and diminish anchorage loss of the anterior anchorage teeth, with the precision-cut configuration being biomechanically superior to the button design. Aligner overtreatment produced bodily molar distalization and mitigated adverse biomechanical effects on anterior anchorage teeth.
Conclusion: We suggest that class II elastic traction via the precision-cut configuration and the design of vertical attachment on the second molar be applied for molar distalization with clear aligner. Appropriate aligner overtreatment helps achieve bodily molar distalization and minimize adverse biomechanical effects on anterior anchorage teeth.
Clinical Relevance: These findings provide valuable insights for orthodontists in optimizing molar distalization outcomes with clear aligners. Integration of overtreatment can enhance treatment efficacy and predictability, ultimately improving patient care and satisfaction.
The Effect of Subjective Socioeconomic Status on Future Orientation: The Protective Role of Non-Fatalistic Beliefs
Authors: Shu Lingling , Gong Tianzi , Wang Yuting , Li Qinggong , Xie Zhiwen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Subjective socioeconomic status (SES), an individual’s beliefs about his or her social class, is anticipated to be related to future orientation. Based on the theory of endogenous power for poverty elimination, we proposed a moderation model to examine the relationship between subjective SES on future orientation and the moderating effect of fatalism.
Methods
We conducted two studies to test the proposed model. Specifically, in Study 1, 217 Chinese participants were recruited to complete a booklet of questionnaires to measure their subjective SES, future orientation, and fatalism. In Study 2, the data were collected from 244 Chinese participants. Their subjective SES and fatalism were measured by questionnaires, and future orientation was measured by an Imaginative Scenario Test.
Results
The results revealed two primary findings: (1) Fatalism moderated the relationship between subjective SES and future orientation. Specifically, the low levels of fatalism (i.e., non-fatalistic beliefs) protected against the negative effects of low SES on future orientation. (2) The moderating effect was primarily attributed to the luck dimension of fatalism, which was the belief that luck played a key role in determining one’s fate.
Conclusions
The findings contribute to enriching the current understanding of the negative effect of low subjective SES on future orientation and the protective role of non-fatalistic beliefs.