bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
John Gordon Collier, F.R.Eng. 22 January 1935 — 18 November 1995
Authors: Hewitt G.F. 
Published: December 2006

John Collier was a chemical engineer who, in his earlier career, was a specialist in two–phase flow and heat transfer. He was formerly Chairman of the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) and was Chairman of Nuclear Electric plc when he died on 18 November 1995.
John Collier was born in London on 22 January 1935. His father, Jack Collier, was a musician who was one of the country's leading double–bass players. Jack had turned down the job of lead bass with the Hallé Orchestra at the age of 20 and set out to see the world. While playing in the ship's band on a transatlantic trip he met John's mother (Edith Georgina de Ville, a passenger on the same ship) and married her soon afterwards, in 1925. John was their only child and his infant years were spent in prewar London, his father making a name for himself playing music of a wide variety. During the war, Jack Collier became a member of ENSA, the Forces' entertainment service. His attempts to protect his wife and child against the bombing seemed to be relatively unsuccessful; he moved them to Southampton, Coventry and Manchester in turn! The young John Collier, at the age of six, was actually machinegunned by a German fighter plane flying down a Southampton street. John and his mother finally returned to London just in time for the start of the V1 (flying bomb) raids. All these moves meant that John attended nine different schools during the war years–a very disruptive experience.
The family was reunited again after the war but their happiness was short–lived; John's mother (Edith) had a recurrence of the cancer she had suffered towards the end of the war and died in 1948. In 1951, Jack Collier married Guinevere (Jean) Olga Northcote. By this time, he was working freelance, playing with the major London orchestras; he was much in demand. He still did some work with lighter music, particularly on the radio where he played in such programmes as ITMA (Tommy Handley) and The Goon Show (Spike Milligan, Harry Secombe and Peter Sellers), and he later played on television shows such as The Morecombe and Wise Show.
Norman Adrian De Bruyne. 8 November 1904 – 7 March 1997
Authors: Kinloch Anthony J. 
Published: December 2006

Norman de Bruyne was a man of outstanding achievements and in 1967 he was elected to the Fellowship of The Royal Society. The citation at the time read:
Distinguished for his practical application of science to certain problems in aircraft construction, especially the use of plastic materials and adhesives….
His was a strong personality and he acquired many life–long friends. His approach to engineering challenges-and a hint of his puckish sense of humour–are contained in the single word that he used for his entry in Who's Who: under the heading ‘Recreations’ he wrote ‘inventing’
Activation of Notch signaling in tumorigenesis of experimental pancreatic cancer induced by dimethylbenzanthracene in mice
Authors: Kimura Kenji , Satoh Kennichi , Kanno Atsushi , Hamada Shin , Hirota Morihisa , Endoh Mareyuki , Masamune Atsushi , Shimosegawa Tooru 
Published: December 2006

To establish pancreatic cancer in mice, dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) was administered into mice pancreata. The formation of tubular complex lesions was found in the pancreatic sections from 2 weeks after DMBA treatment. Abnormal tubular complex formations with ductal metaplasia were found from 1 month after the administration. By 3 months after DMBA injection into the pancreas, 6 of 10 mice showed visually recognizable tumors with precursor lesions of various types of cell atypia. In contrast, there were no visually or histologically detectable tumors in the placebo‐treated animals. The expression profiles of smad 4, cyclin D1 and p53 in the DMBA‐induced tumors were similar to those of human pancreatic cancer, suggesting that this would be a useful mouse model for studying the morphological and molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemical study using specific antibodies revealed that Notch‐1 and Hes‐1 were expressed in lesions ranging from tubular complexes to carcinoma in these chemically induced pancreatic tumors. Semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction with microdissection demonstrated that Notch‐1 expression was continuous from precursor lesions to carcinoma cells, whereas Pdx‐1 expression was attenuated in carcinoma cells compared to precursor lesions. In addition, inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway by the γ‐secretase inhibitor N‐(N‐[3,5‐difluorophenacetyl]‐l‐alanyl)‐S‐phenylglycine t‐butyl ester reduced pancreatic cancer cell growth. Therefore, Notch signaling is required to form the tubular complexes and its continuous activation might lead to the transition from tubular complexes to premalignant or malignant lesions and carcinoma cell development in the pancreas. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 155–162)
A SCUBA survey of Orion – the low-mass end of the core mass function
Authors: Nutter D. , Ward-Thompson D. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
We have re-analysed all of the Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) archive data of the Orion star-forming regions. We have put together all of the data taken at different times by different groups. Consequently, we have constructed the deepest submillimetre maps of these regions ever made. There are four regions that have been mapped: Orion A North and South, and Orion B North and South. We find that two of the regions, Orion A North and Orion B North, have deeper sensitivity and completeness limits, and contain a larger number of sources, so we concentrate on these two. We compare the data with archive data from the Spitzer Space Telescope to determine whether or not a core detected in the submillimetre is pre-stellar in nature. We extract all of the pre-stellar cores from the data and make a histogram of the core masses. This can be compared to the stellar initial mass function (IMF). We find the high-mass core mass function (CMF) follows a roughly Salpeter-like slope, just like the IMF, as seen in previous work. Our deeper maps allow us to see that the CMF turns over at, ∼1.3 M⊙ about a factor of 4 higher than our completeness limit. This turnover has never previously been observed, and is only visible here due to our much deeper maps. It mimics the turnover seen in the stellar IMF at ∼0.1 M⊙. The low-mass side of the CMF is a power law with an exponent of, 0.35 ± 0.2 which is consistent with the low-mass slope of the young cluster IMF of 0.3 ± 0.1. This shows that the CMF continues to mimic the shape of the IMF all the way down to the lower completeness limit of these data at ∼0.3 M⊙.
Control of shivering during regional anaesthesia: prophylactic ketamine and granisetron
Authors: Sagir O. , Gulhas N. , Toprak H. , Yucel A. , Begec Z. , Ersoy O. 
Published: December 2006

Background:  The aim of the present study was to compare placebo, ketamine, granisetron and a combination of ketamine and granisetron in the prevention of shivering caused by regional anaesthesia.Methods:  In this prospective, randomized, double‐blind study, 160 ASA I and II patients undergoing urological surgery were included. Subarachnoid anaesthesia was performed in all patients with bupivacaine 15 mg. The patients were randomly allocated to receive saline (group P, n= 40), ketamine 0.5 mg (group K, n= 40), granisetron 3 mg (group G, n= 40) or ketamine 0.25 mg + granisetron 1.5 mg (group KG, n= 40). Shivering was graded as 0 = no shivering, 1 = piloerection or peripheral vasoconstriction but no visible shivering, 2 = muscular activity in only one muscle group, 3 = muscular activity in more than one muscle group but not generalized, and 4 = shivering involving the whole body. If 15 min after spinal anaesthesia and concomitant administration of a prophylactic dose of one of the study drugs, the patients shivered according to at least grade 3, the prophylaxis was regarded as ineffective and intravenous (i.v.) pethidine 25 mg was administered.Results:  After 15 min, the number of patients with observed shivering was 22 in group P, 6 in group G, 7 in group GK and 0 in group K. The difference between group K and all the other groups was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The number of patients with a shivering score of 3 was statistically significantly higher in group P compared with the other groups.Conclusion:  The prophylactic use of 0.5 mg/kg i.v. ketamine was effective in preventing shivering developed during regional anaesthesia.
Arterial oxygen tension increase 2–3 h after hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a prospective observational study
Authors: Ratzenhofer‐Komenda B. , Offner A. , Ofner P. , Klemen H. , Prause G. , Smolle‐Jüttner F. M. , Toller W. 
Published: December 2006

Background:  Inhalation of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been reported to decrease arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) in the early period after exposure. The current investigation aimed at evaluating whether and to what extent arterial blood gases were affected in mechanically ventilated intensive care patients within 6 h after HBO treatment.Methods:  Arterial blood gases were measured in 11 ventilated subjects [nine males, two females, synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) mode] undergoing HBO therapy for necrotizing soft tissue infection (seven patients), burn injury (two patients), crush injury (one patient) and major abdominal surgery (one patient). Blood gases were obtained with the patients in the supine position under continuous analgesia and sedation before the hyperbaric session (baseline), during isopression, after decompression, after each transport, and 1, 2, 3 and 6 h after exposure. Heart rates and blood pressures were recorded. Intensive care unit (ICU) ventilator settings remained unchanged. Transport and chamber ventilator settings were adjusted to baseline with maintenance of tidal volumes and positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels. The hyperbaric protocol consisted of 222.9 kPa (2.2 absolute atmospheres) and a 50‐min isopression phase. The paired Wilcoxon’s test was used.Results:  Major findings (median values, 25%/75% quantiles) as per cent change of baseline: PaO2 values decreased by 19.7% (7.0/31.7, P < 0.01) after 1 h and were elevated over baseline by 9.3% (1.5/13.7, P < 0.05) after 3 h. SaO2, alveolar‐arterial oxygen tension difference and PaO2/FiO2 ratio behaved concomitantly. Acid‐base status and carbon dioxide tension were unaffected.Conclusion:  Arterial oxygen tension declines transiently after HBO and subsequently improves over baseline in intensive care patients on volume‐controlled mechanical ventilation. The effectiveness of other ventilation modes or a standardized recruitment manoeuvre has yet to be evaluated.
Undiagnosed renal impairment in patients with and without diabetes with normal serum creatinine undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: BACHORZEWSKA‐GAJEWSKA HANNA , MALYSZKO JOLANTA , MALYSZKO JACEK S , MUSIAL WLODZIMIERZ , DOBRZYCKI SLAWOMIR 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARY:Hypothesis:  The recent Dialysis Outcome Quality Initiative publication on the evaluation, classification and stratification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) states that individuals with a reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is at greater risk for cardiovascular diseases and cardiac deaths.Aim:  To determine the prevalence of kidney dysfunction in a cohort of 1390 patients with and without diabetes with normal serum creatinine undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.Methods:  Kidney function was estimated using simplified MDRD, Cockcroft‐Gault and Jeliffe formulas.Results:  Normal serum creatinine was observed in 93% patients. Mean estimated GFR in 1068 non‐diabetic patients was significantly higher than in 322 diabetic patients (all formulas). Diabetic females had significantly lower creatinine and estimated GFR, higher high‐density lipoprotein and platelet count than diabetic males. A very high prevalence of CKD up to 77% was found in studied diabetic patients. Clinically significant CKD (as defined by GFR < 60 mL/min) was found in 13.0–33.8% patients depending on the formula used to estimate GFR.Conclusion:  The prevalence of CKD (stages 2–3) is high in diabetic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention despite normal creatinine. The risk of contrast nephropathy with worse outcomes is enhanced in these patients, particularly in elderly and females. Evaluation of renal function is important in order to select the appropriate strategy to reduce the cardiovascular risk.
Gene expression profile of Vibrio cholerae in the cold stress‐induced viable but non‐culturable state
Authors: Asakura Hiroshi , Ishiwa Akiko , Arakawa Eiji , Makino Sou‐ichi , Okada Yumiko , Yamamoto Shigeki , Igimi Shizunobu 
Published: December 2006

Summary Vibrio cholerae is an aetiological agent of cholera that inhabits marine and estuarine environments. It can survive harsh environments by entering the viable but non‐culturable (VBNC) state, but the related changes in gene expression have not been described. Here, we experimentally induced the VBNC state in V. cholerae O1, by incubation in artificial seawater at 4°C. Bacterial cells that were incubated for 70 days retained their membrane integrity and were pathogenic, colonizing the gut of iron‐dextran‐treated mice, even though they formed no colonies on tryptic soy agar (TSA) or TSA amended with pyruvate. We therefore used this stage of cells as the VBNC bacteria. We compared the global transcription pattern of the VBNC cells with that of stationary‐phase cells grown in rich medium. A total of 100 genes were induced by more than fivefold in the VBNC state, and the modulated genes were mostly those responsible for cellular processes. Furthermore, real‐time RT‐PCR analysis verified the changes in the expression levels, showing that the VC0230 [iron(III) ABC transporter], VC1212 (polB), VC2132 (fliG) and VC2187 (flaC) mRNAs were increased in the non‐culturable state. Thus, these genes may be suitable markers for the detection of VBNC V. cholerae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of V. cholerae in the VBNC state. The significance of this gene expression profile compared with those of in vivo isolates and non‐stressed bacteria (culturable in vitro) is its potential to provide information about the public health risk from dormant bacteria.
A case series of alopecia areata in children: impact of personal and family history of stress and autoimmunity
Authors: Kakourou T , Karachristou K , Chrousos G 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground  The epidemiology of alopecia areata (AA) is well documented in adults but has not been studied adequately in children.Objective  To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile of AA in children and assess the significance of thyroid screening.Methods  One hundred and fifty‐seven children (83 boys, 74 girls, aged 1–16 years) who visited our clinic with a first episode of AA from 1996 to 2000 were retrospectively studied. One hundred children served as clinical controls.Results  The age of peak incidence of AA was 0–5 years. The youngest child was 1 year old. In the majority of the cases (131/157, 83.4%) the disease was mild or moderate (less than 50% hair loss). In 15 patients (9.5%), AA was preceded by a stressful event. Five patients had a personal history of autoimmune disease (3.2 vs. 5% of the controls, (P = not significant [NS]) while 18 patients had a personal history of atopy (11.4 vs. 18% of the controls, P = NS). Twenty‐one patients had a family history of autoimmune disease other than thyroiditis (13.4 vs. 5% of the controls, P = 0.04), while 23 patients had a family history of thyroid disorder (14.6 vs. 3% of the controls, P = 0.006). In eight patients (5%) subclinical hypothyroidism of autoimmune aetiology (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) was revealed at the time of investigation. Six out of the eight patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis had a family history of thyroid disorder, which was statistically significant when compared to AA patients without thyroiditis (P < 0.001). The severity of AA was associated with early age of onset of the disease (P = 0.02).Conclusion  The age of peak incidence of AA in children is 0–5 years. Children with AA have an increased family history of autoimmunity, and, among children with a first episode and short duration of AA (< 6 months), thyroid screening might be restricted in those with a positive family history of thyroid disorder. Thyroid screening should be routinely performed in all children with long‐standing AA.
Patch test results with patients’ own perfumes, deodorants and shaving lotions: results of the IVDK 1998–20021
Authors: Uter W , Geier J , Schnuch A , Frosch PJ 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjective  Assessment of the value of patch testing patients’ own perfumes, eau de toilette, deodorants and shaving lotions with regard to diagnosing contact allergy to fragrances, and an analysis of the spectrum of concurrent patch test reactions to single fragrance allergens.Study design  Data of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK; http://www.ivdk.org) regarding patch test results with above products brought in by the patient, considered as possible cause of contact dermatitis, were retrospectively analysed. Between 1998 and 2002, 1468 patients were patch tested with 2557 single products (deodorants, n = 1094; eau de toilette, n = 598; perfume, n = 530; and pre‐ or after‐shave, n = 325; remainder not classifiable), mostly ‘as is’.Results  Positive reactions were observed in 129 patients (to 191 products). In 58 of these patients, no further patch test reactions to the fragrance mix (FM‐I), Myroxylon pereirae resin (balsam of Peru) or 4‐(4‐hydroxy‐4‐methyl‐pentyl)‐3‐cyclohexencarboxaldehyde (e.g. Lyral®) were found. A strong association between contact sensitivity to the above commercial allergens and positive reactions to products was observed. Some single compounds such as ylang‐ylang oil, propolis and especially oak moss absolute are important allergens in the ‘perfume‐positive’ subgroup, but less in a subgroup positive to own deodorants.Discussion  Patch testing this scope of products, brought in by the patient, can be regarded as a simple, safe and effective method to diagnose clinically relevant contact sensitization – the more so, as the composition of such products is ever‐changing, and the sensitivity of established ‘screening allergens’ is thus insufficient.
The Quality of Joint Activity Between Mothers and Their Children with Behaviour Problems
Authors: Gardner Frances E. M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis study used a detailed home observational system to analyse mother‐child interaction during spontaneous joint play. Compared to matched controls, mothers of preschool children with behaviour problems initiated a smaller proportion of activities, made fewer contributions to keeping the activity going, and were less responsive to the child's contributions. In contrast to controls, problem children played a stronger role than their mothers in initiating and maintaining activities. Less positive affect was shown in the problem group, and play more frequently degenerated into conflict. The findings imply that low maternal involvement in play may be an important factor in the development of behaviour problems. Intervention studies are needed for further verification.
Pitavastatin prevents NMDA‐induced retinal ganglion cell death by suppressing leukocyte recruitment
Authors: Nakazawa Toru , Takahashi Hidetoshi , Nishijima Kazuaki , Shimura Masahiko , Fuse Nobuo , Tamai Makoto , Hafezi‐Moghadam Ali , Nishida Kohji 
Published: December 2006

AbstractExcitotoxicity is a major cause of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death during ischemic diseases such as vessel occlusion and diabetic retinopathy. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Statins, inhibitors of the HMG‐CoA reductase, have neuroprotective effects in addition to their original role in lowering cholesterol. We hypothesize that pitavastatin, a recently introduced potent statin, is protective against N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA)‐induced RGC death. Pitavastatin, administered by gavage, abolished NMDA‐induced loss of RGCs. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect of pitavastatin, we investigated its impact on inflammation. NMDA increased the expression of interleukin‐1β and TNF‐α, and endothelial adhesion molecules, including ICAM‐1, and induced leukocyte accumulation in the retinal vessels. Pitavastatin significantly reduced NMDA‐induced leukocyte accumulation and up‐regulation of endothelial adhesion molecules, whereas cytokine expression was unaffected. Systemic blockade of ICAM‐1 in wild‐type mice or absence of CD18 in gene‐deficient (CD18–/–) mice significantly suppressed NMDA‐induced leukocyte accumulation and RGC death. These findings suggest a novel and causative role for inflammatory leukocyte recruitment in NMDA‐induced excitotoxicity. Furthermore, we show the novel neuroprotective effect of statins against excitotoxicity‐induced RGC death. Statins or other anti‐inflammatory agents may thus have therapeutic benefits in excitotoxicity‐associated neuronal diseases through blockade of leukocyte recruitment.
Induction of axonal differentiation by silencing plasma membrane‐associated sialidase Neu3 in neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Valaperta Rea , Valsecchi Manuela , Rocchetta Federica , Aureli Massimo , Prioni Simona , Prinetti Alessandro , Chigorno Vanna , Sonnino Sandro 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA reduction of 70% of the plasma membrane‐associated sialidase Neu3 activity, due to a corresponding reduction of the enzyme expression by transducing cells with a short hairpin RNA encoding a sequence target (complementary messenger of mouse Neu3), caused neurite elongation in Neuro2a murine neuroblastoma cells. The differentiation process was accompanied in parallel by an increase of the acetylcholinesterase activity, a moderate increase of the c‐Src expression and by the presence of the axonal marker tau protein on the neurites. The sphingolipid pattern and turnover in transduced and control cells were characterized by thin layer chromatography, mass spectrometry and metabolic radiolabeling after feeding cells with tritiated sphingosine. Control cells contained about 2 nmol of gangliosides/mg cell protein. GM2 was the main compound, followed by GD1a, GM3 and GM1. In Neu3 silenced cells, the total ganglioside content remained quite similar, but GM2 increased by 54%, GM3 remain constant, and GM1 and GD1a decreased by 66% and 50%, respectively. Within the organic phase sphingolipids, ceramide decreased by 50%, whereas the sphingomyelin content did not change in Neu3 silenced cells.
Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci for a Neotropical nutmeg, Virola flexuosa (Myristicaceae)
Authors: HOLBROOK K. M. , LOISELLE B. A. , CLARK A. M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractEight highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for Virola flexuosa from a (CA)n‐enriched genomic library for population and seed dispersal studies in eastern Ecuador. Loci show a high level of variation with the number of alleles ranging from 13 to 27. Observed and expected heterozygosities were from 0.313 to 0.896 and 0.552 to 0.937, respectively. The high levels of polymorphism and exclusionary power of the developed markers will likely prove very useful in direct measurement of seed dispersal.
PCR primers for polymorphic microsatellite loci in the plant‐ant Azteca ulei cordiae (Formicidae: Dolichoderinae)
Authors: DEBOUT GABRIEL D. G. , VENTELON‐DEBOUT MARJOLAINE , EMERSON BRENT C. , YU DOUGLAS W. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTwelve microsatellite loci were isolated from the Peruvian tropical plant‐ant, Azteca ulei cordiae (Hymenoptera: Dolichoderinae). High levels of within‐population variation were observed at most loci, with number of alleles ranging from four to 18, and heterozygosity from 0.118 to 1 per population sample. Cross‐species amplification of these loci was also successfully tested in several other species of the same ant genus Azteca.