bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue-specific conditionalCCM2knockout mice establish the essential role of endothelial CCM2 in angiogenesis: implications for human cerebral cavernous malformations
Authors: Boulday Gwénola , Blécon Anne , Petit Nathalie , Chareyre Fabrice , Garcia Luis A. , Niwa-Kawakita Michiko , Giovannini Marco , Tournier-Lasserve Elisabeth 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYCerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are vascular malformations of the brain that lead to cerebral hemorrhages. In 20% of CCM patients, this results from an autosomal dominant condition caused by loss-of-function mutations in one of the three CCM genes. High expression levels of the CCM genes in the neuroepithelium indicate that CCM lesions might be caused by a loss of function of these genes in neural cells rather than in vascular cells. However, their in vivo function, particularly during cerebral angiogenesis, is totally unknown. We developed mice with constitutive and tissue-specific CCM2 deletions to investigate CCM2 function in vivo. Constitutive deletion of CCM2 leads to early embryonic death. Deletion of CCM2 from neuroglial precursor cells does not lead to cerebrovascular defects, whereas CCM2 is required in endothelial cells for proper vascular development. Deletion of CCM2 from endothelial cells severely affects angiogenesis, leading to morphogenic defects in the major arterial and venous blood vessels and in the heart, and results in embryonic lethality at mid-gestation. These findings establish the essential role of endothelial CCM2 for proper vascular development and strongly suggest that the endothelial cell is the primary target in the cascade of events leading from CCM2 mutations to CCM cerebrovascular lesions.
Organic Field-effect Transistors Based on Solution-processible Dibenzotetrathiafulvalene Derivatives
Authors: Yoshino Takamasa , Shibata Koji , Wada Hiroshi , Bando Yoshimasa , Ishikawa Ken , Takezoe Hideo , Mori Takehiko 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors based on alkyl-substituted dibenzotetrathiafulvalenes (DBTTF) are fabricated by solution process. The molecules with butyl or longer alkyl groups are standing perpendicular to the substrates in the thin films, and the transistors exhibit comparable performance to the vacuum-deposited DBTTF devices.
Alkoxy-substituted Derivatives of π-Conjugated Acyclic Anion Receptors: Effects of Substituted Positions
Authors: Maeda Hiromitsu , Eifuku Nazuki 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The synthesis, solid-state assemblies, and anion binding affinities of π-conjugated acyclic anion receptors with alkoxyphenyl substituents are discussed. The position of the alkoxy moiety is essential to determining not only the electronic state but also the anion binding affinity.
Crystal Structure of Complex of Gallocatechin Gallate and Caffeine
Authors: Ishizu Takashi , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki , Sato Takashi , Yamamoto Hideji , Shiro Motoo 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
A merohedrally twinned crystal of the complex of (−)-gallocatechin gallate and caffeine was prepared in aqueous solution, and X-ray crystallographic analysis was performed. The driving force for the formation of the complex was thought to be mainly the π–π interaction between the B′ ring of GCg and caffeine, the B ring of GCg and caffeine.
Single-molecule Imaging with an Inexpensive UV-LED Light Source
Authors: Hattori Akifumi , Habuchi Satoshi , Vacha Martin 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The powerful tool of single-molecule detection and spectroscopy has so far been confined mainly to the visible spectral region. Here, we report the use of a low-cost high-power UV light emitting diode (LED) emitting at 365 nm as a light source for single-molecule detection in epi-fluorescence microscopy. The LED provides an affordable alternative to UV laser systems. The performance of the light source is demonstrated by recording fluorescence images and time-dependent fluorescence traces of single molecules of a laser dye p-bis(o-methylstyryl)benzene (bis-MSB) and of a conjugated polymer polyfluorene.
Correlation between Photocatalytic Activities and Structural and Physical Properties of Titanium(IV) Oxide Powders
Authors: Prieto-Mahaney Orlando-Omar , Murakami Naoya , Abe Ryu , Ohtani Bunsho 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Correlation between structural and physical properties and photocatalytic activities for five kinds of reactions of 35 titania samples was obtained through multivariable analyses: photocatalytic activities were empirically reproduced by a linear combination of six properties with fair reliability. While a portion of results could be interpreted using a conventional mechanism, significant activity dependence on properties, not disclosed yet, was suggested.
Formation of Lyotropic Liquid Crystals from a Fatty Acid and a Nitrogenous Heterocyclic Compound in Water
Authors: Ma Fumin , Chen Xiao , Zhao Yurong , Wang Xudong , Jing Bo , Gao Fengqing , Qiu Huayu 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) phases of lauric acid in water have been successfully constructed with the aid of a N-heterocyclic compound in water. This novel ternary system can exhibit Lα phase with its lamellar spacing changing regularly in a wide concentration range.
Variables determining outcome in total hip replacement surgery
Authors: Rolfson O. , Dahlberg L. E. , Nilsson J-å. , Malchau H. , Garellick G. 
Published: February 2009

In this study we hypothesised that anxiety/depression, one of five dimensions in the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measurement tool EQ-5D, could predict outcome after total hip replacement surgery. Pre-operative and one-year post-operative data from the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, including 6158 patients with primary osteoarthritis of the hip, were analysed. In order to examine the association between anxiety and outcome with respect to pain and satisfaction an analysis of covariance was used. The pre-operative EQ-5D anxiety/depression dimension was a strong predictor for pain relief and patient satisfaction (p < 0.001). Orthopaedic surgeons involved in the care of patients eligible for total hip replacement surgery should be aware that mental health may influence post-operative pain and HRQoL. An appropriate assessment of mental health may enable a modification in the way these patients are managed in order to optimise the outcome after joint replacement surgery.
Conservative treatment of lumbar spondylolysis in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Sairyo K. , Sakai T. , Yasui N. 
Published: February 2009

It has been noted that bony union of a pars defect can be achieved in children if they wear a trunk brace. Our aim was to evaluate how the stage of the defect on CT and the presence or absence of high signal change in the adjacent pedicle on T2-weighted MRI were related to bony healing. We treated 23 children conservatively for at least three months. There were 19 boys and four girls with a mean age of 13.5 years (7 to 17). They were asked to refrain from sporting activity and to wear a Damen soft thoracolumbosacral type brace. There were 41 pars defects in 23 patients. These were classified as an early, progressive or terminal stage on CT. The early-stage lesions had a hairline crack in the pars interarticularis, which became a gap in the progressive stage. A terminal-stage defect was equivalent to a pseudarthrosis. On the T2-weighted MR scan the presence or absence of high signal change in the adjacent pedicle was assessed and on this basis the defects were divided into high signal change-positive or -negative. Healing of the defect was assessed by CT. In all, 13 (87%) of the 15 early defects healed. Of 19 progressive defects, only six (32%) healed. None of the seven terminal defects healed. Of the 26 high signal change-positive defects 20 (77%) healed after conservative treatment whereas none of the high signal change-negative defects did so. We concluded that an early-stage defect on CT and high signal change in the adjacent pedicle on a T2-weighted MR scan are useful predictors of bony healing of a pars defect in children after conservative treatment.
Fibular centralisation for the reconstruction of defects of the tibial diaphysis and distal metaphysis after excision of bone tumours
Authors: Puri A. , Subin B. S. , Agarwal M. G. 
Published: February 2009

We evaluated the results of fibular centralisation as a stand alone technique to reconstruct defects that occurred after resection of tumours involving the tibial diaphysis and distal metaphysis. Between January 2003 and December 2006, 15 patients underwent excision of tumours of the tibial diaphysis or distal metaphysis and reconstruction by fibular centralisation. Their mean age was 17 years (7 to 40). Two patients were excluded; one died from the complications of chemotherapy and a second needed a below-knee amputation for a recurrent giant-cell tumour. A total of 13 patients were reviewed after a mean follow-up of 29 months (16 to 48). Only 16 of 26 host graft junctions united primarily. Ten junctions in ten patients needed one or more further procedure before union was achieved. At final follow-up 12 of the 13 patients had fully united grafts; 11 walked without aids. The mean time to union at the junctions that united was 12 months (3 to 36). The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score was 24.7 (16 to 30). Fibular centralisation is a durable reconstruction for defects of the tibial diaphysis and distal metaphysis with an acceptable functional outcome. Stable osteosynthesis is the key to successful union. Additional bone grafting is recommended for patients who need postoperative radiotherapy.
Large and massive tears of the rotator cuff
Authors: Hanusch B. C. , Goodchild L. , Finn P. , Rangan A. 
Published: February 2009

The aim of this study was to determine the functional outcome and rate of re-tears following mini-open repair of symptomatic large and massive tears of the rotator cuff using a two-row technique. The 24 patients included in the study were assessed prospectively before and at a mean of 27 months (18 to 53) after surgery using the Constant and the Oxford Shoulder scores. Ultrasound examination was carried out at follow-up to determine the integrity of the repair. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a simple questionnaire. The mean Constant score improved significantly from 36 before to 68 after operation (p < 0.0001) and the mean Oxford Shoulder score from 39 to 20 (p < 0.0001). Four of the 24 patients (17%) had a re-tear diagnosed by ultrasound. A total of 21 patients (87.5%) were satisfied with the outcome of their surgery. The repair remained intact in 20 patients (83%). However, the small number of re-tears (four patients) in the study did not allow sufficient analysis to show a difference in outcome in relation to the integrity of the repair.
The effectiveness of a programme for neonatal hip screening over a period of 40 years
Authors: Myers J. , Hadlow S. , Lynskey T. 
Published: February 2009

Since September 1964, neonates born in New Plymouth have undergone clinical examination for instability of the hip in a structured clinical screening programme. Of the 41 563 babies born during this period, 1639 were diagnosed as having unstable hips and 663 (1.6%) with persisting instability were splinted, five of which failed. Also, three unsplinted hips progressed to congenital dislocation, and there were four late-presenting (walking) cases, giving an overall failure rate of 0.29 per 1000 live births, with an incidence of late-walking congenital dislocation of the hip of 0.1 per 1000 live births. This study confirms that clinical screening for neonatal instability of the hip by experienced orthopaedic examiners significantly reduces the incidence of late-presenting (walking) congenital dislocation of the hip.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in orthopaedic trauma
Authors: Fascia D. T. M. , Singanayagam A. , Keating J. F. 
Published: February 2009

We have conducted a case-control study over a period of ten years comparing both deep infection with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and colonised cases with a control group. Risk factors associated with deep infection were vascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, admission to a high-dependency or an intensive-care unit and open wounds. Those for colonisation were institutional care, vascular diseases and dementia. Older age was a risk factor for any MRSA infection. The length of hospital stay was dramatically increased by deep infection. These risk factors are useful in identifying higher-risk patients who may be more susceptible to MRSA infection. A strategy of early identification and isolation may help to control its spread in trauma units.
Repair of defects and containment in revision total knee replacement
Authors: Toms A. D. , Barker R. L. , McClelland D. , Chua L. , Spencer-Jones R. , Kuiper J.-H. 
Published: February 2009

The treatment of bony defects of the tibia at the time of revision total knee replacement is controversial. The place of compacted morsellised bone graft is becoming established, particularly in contained defects. It has previously been shown that the initial stability of impaction-grafted trays in the contained defects is equivalent to that of an uncemented primary knee replacement. However, there is little biomechanical evidence on which to base a decision in the treatment of uncontained defects. We undertook a laboratory-based biomechanical study comparing three methods of graft containment in segmental medial tibial defects and compared them with the use of a modular metal augment to bypass the defect. Using resin models of the proximal tibia with medial defects representing either 46% or 65% of the medial cortical rim, repair of the defect was accomplished using mesh, cement or a novel bag technique, after which impaction bone grafting was used to fill the contained defects and a tibial component was cemented in place. As a control, a cemented tibial component with modular metal augments was used in identical defects. All specimens were submitted to cyclical mechanical loading, during which cyclical and permanent tray displacement were determined. The results showed satisfactory stability with all the techniques except the bone bag method. Using metal augments gave the highest initial stability, but obviously lacked any potential for bone restoration.
Does emotion predict the course of major depressive disorder? A review of prospective studies
Authors: Morris Bethany H. , Bylsma Lauren M. , Rottenberg Jonathan 
Published: February 2009

Purpose.Emotional dysfunction is a hallmark of major depressive disorder (MDD). There has been wide interest in identifying the nature and significance of emotional deficits in MDD. Given the paramount goal of identifying etiological markers of MDD that can sharpen prevention and treatment efforts, researchers have pursued emotion as a functionally significant factor and predictor of clinical course in MDD. This review is the first to summarize the literature examining emotion as a predictor of the clinical course of MDD.Method.We conducted a systematic review of all published studies reporting on the prospective relationship between positive and negative emotionality (PE and NE) – measured at the state or trait level – and the longitudinal course of MDD in diagnosed adults. Physiological, behavioural, and subjective indices of emotion were considered. The primary analyses encompassed 28 research reports that included data from 3,798 participants and tested a total of 60 hypotheses.Results.Lower levels of PE predicted poorer MDD course with some consistency. Paradoxically, both lower levels of state NE and higher levels of trait NE predicted poorer MDD course. The relationships between emotionality and MDD course generally held even after initial depression symptom severity was taken into account.Conclusion.Emotion shows promise as a predictor of MDD course. Implications of these data for current theories of emotion and MDD, the apparently divergent relation between state and trait NE and course, and future directions to further clarify the functional significance of emotion in the context of MDD are discussed.
An interpretative phenomenological analysis of living with chronic low back pain
Authors: Snelgrove Sherrill , Liossi Christina 
Published: February 2009

Objectives A predominantly quantitative approach to the psychological study of chronic low back pain (CLBP) has shown that enduring negative emotional responses and passive coping strategies contribute towards disability. The main objective of this study was to extend existing knowledge by providing a detailed and contextualized understanding of the meaning of CLBP for participants with long‐standing experiences of chronic pain.Design This is a qualitative, semi‐structured interview study. The data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). This is the first of three sets of individual interviews comprising a longitudinal study of the same participants over 3 years.Methods Ten patients with CLBP were interviewed prior to their attendance at a medically staffed chronic pain clinic. The sample comprised seven females and three males. Ages ranged between 39 and 66 years. All had experienced CLBP for at least 4 years.Conclusions The participants' experiences are represented by three main themes: ‘maintaining integrity’, ‘the crucial nature of the pain’ and ‘managing the pain’ that highlight participants' understanding of their pain within a biomedical framework. The findings are discussed with reference to the role of illness beliefs in the management of CLBP.
Nanocrystal assembly for bottom-up plasmonic materials and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensing
Authors: Tao Andrea R. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Plasmonic materials are emerging as key platforms for applications that rely on the manipulation of light at small length scales. Sub-wavelength metallic features support surface plasmons that can induce huge local electromagnetic fields at the metal surface, facilitating a host of extraordinary optical phenomena. Ag nanocrystals (NCs) and nanowires (NWs) are ideal building blocks for the bottom-up fabrication of plasmonic materials for photonics, spectroscopy, and chemical sensing. Faceted Ag nanostructures are synthesized using a colloidal approach to regulate nucleation and crystallographic growth direction. Next, new methods of nanoscale organization using Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) compression are presented where one- and two-dimensional assemblies can be constructed with impressive alignment over large areas. Using this method, plasmon coupling between Ag nanostructures can be controlled by varying spacing and density, achieving for the first time a completely tunable plasmon response in the visible wavelengths. Lastly, these assemblies are demonstrated as exceptional substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) by achieving high chemical sensitivity and specificity, exhibiting their utility as portable field sensors, and integrating them into multiplexed "lab-on-a-chip" devices.
Measurement of the shear properties of clear wood by the Arcan test
Authors: Xavier José , Oliveira Marcelo , Morais José , Pinto Tiago 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this work, the identification of the shear properties of maritime pine (Pinus pinasterAit.) wood was investigated by applying the Arcan test method. For this purpose, an ad hoc Arcan fixture was designed for which clear wood samples could be tested along all the material planes of symmetry –LR,LTandRTplanes. For the accurate evaluation of the shear moduli, correction factors taking into account the non-uniformity of the shear stress and the shear strain distributions at the gauge section were determined with finite element analyses. Experimentally, two 0/90 rosettes were glued on both frontal and back surfaces of the specimens in order to take into account any through-to-thickness shear strain variation. It was found that the Arcan test is suitable for the identification of the shear moduli of wood in all its natural planes. The failure of the Arcan specimens systematically occurred under a concentrated stress state nearby the V-notches. Nevertheless, it was shown that an accurate estimation of the shear strengths of wood can be achieved by the Arcan test.
Fission Yeast Rgf2p Is a Rho1p Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Required for Spore Wall Maturation and for the Maintenance of Cell Integrity in the Absence of Rgf1p
Authors: García Patricia , García Ignacio , Marcos Félix , de Garibay Gorka Ruiz , Sánchez Yolanda 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rho1p is essential, directly activates β-1,3-glucan synthase, and participates in the regulation of morphogenesis. In S. pombe, Rho1p is activated by at least three guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs): Rgf1p, Rgf2p, and Rgf3p. In this study we show that Rgf2p is a Rho1p GEF required for sporulation. The rgf2+ deletion did not affect forespore membrane formation and the nuclei were encapsulated properly. However, the mutant ascospores appeared dark and immature. The rgf2Δ zygotes were not able to release the ascospores spontaneously, and the germination efficiency was greatly reduced compared to wild-type (wt) spores. This phenotype resembles that of the mutants in bgs2+, which encodes a sporulation-specific glucan synthase subunit. In fact, glucan synthase activity was diminished in sporulating rgf2Δ diploids. Rgf2p also plays a role in β-glucan biosynthesis during vegetative growth. Overexpression of rgf2+ specifically increased GTP-bound Rho1p, caused changes in cell morphology, and elicited an increase in β-1,3-glucan synthase activity. Moreover, the simultaneous disruption of rgf1+ and rgf2+ was lethal and both Rgf1p and Rgf2p were able to partially substitute for each other. Our results suggest that Rgf1p and Rgf2p are alternative GEFs with an essential overlapping function in Rho1p activation during vegetative growth.
Genetics ofSex-linked yellowin the Syrian Hamster
Authors: Alizadeh Azita , Hong Lewis Z , Kaelin Christopher B , Raudsepp Terje , Manuel Hermogenes , Barsh Gregory S 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAlternating patches of black and yellow pigment are a ubiquitous feature of mammalian color variation that contributes to camouflage, species recognition, and morphologic diversity. X-linked determinants of this pattern—recognized by variegation in females but not in males—have been described in the domestic cat as Orange, and in the Syrian hamster as Sex-linked yellow (Sly), but are curiously absent from other vertebrate species. Using a comparative genomic approach, we develop molecular markers and a linkage map for the euchromatic region of the Syrian hamster X chromosome that places Sly in a region homologous to the centromere-proximal region of human Xp. Comparison to analogous work carried out for Orange in domestic cats indicates, surprisingly, that the cat and hamster mutations lie in nonhomologous regions of the X chromosome. We also identify the molecular cause of recessively inherited black coat color in hamsters (historically referred to as nonagouti) as a Cys115Tyr mutation in the Agouti gene. Animals doubly mutant for Sly and nonagouti exhibit a Sly phenotype. Our results indicate that Sly represents a melanocortin pathway component that acts similarly to, but is genetically distinct from, Mc1r and that has implications for understanding both the evolutionary history and the mutational mechanisms of pigment-type switching.