bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieving equitable leadership in Global Health partnerships: barriers experienced and strategies to improve grant funding for early- and mid-career researchers
Authors: Chikwari Chido Dziva , Tadesse Amare Worku , Shanaube Kwame , Shepherd Anna , McQuaid Christopher Finn , Togun Toyin O. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCalls to decolonize global health have highlighted the continued existence of colonial structures in research into diseases of public health importance particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A key step towards restructuring the system and shaping it to local needs is equitable leadership in global health partnerships. This requires ensuring that researchers in LMICs are given the opportunity to successfully secure grant funding to lead and drive their own research based on locally defined priorities. In February 2022, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine hosted a workshop aimed at bringing together funders and early- and mid-career researchers (EMCRs) to identify funder initiatives that have worked to improve equitable leadership, to better understand barriers faced by researchers, and collectively brainstorm approaches to overcome these barriers. The workshop transcript was analyzed using a deductive thematic approach based on the workshop topic to identify key emerging themes. Barriers identified were the lack of individual and institutional level support and flawed funding structures for EMCRs in LMIC settings. Strategies on how equitable leadership can be further facilitated include institutional reforms for funders to facilitate equity, diversity, and inclusion in their partners through consultative engagement and in addition, reshaping how research priorities are defined; diversified funding streams for research organizations, building partnerships and dedicated funding for capacity building of EMCRs. Intentional advances to overcome funding barriers in global health speak directly to its decolonization. Urgently required and complex changes in practice must be intentional and do require uncomfortable shifts which will take time.
Using Tumor Marker Gene Variants to Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of DUPAN-2 and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Ando Yohei , Dbouk Mohamad , Yoshida Takeichi , Saba Helena , Abou Diwan Elizabeth , Yoshida Kanako , Dbouk Ali , Blackford Amanda L. , Lin Ming-Tseh , Lennon Anne Marie , Burkhart Richard A. , He Jin , Sokoll Lori , Eshleman James R. , Canto Marcia Irene , Goggins Michael 
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE Circulating carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels reflect FUT3 and FUT2 fucosyltransferase activity. Measuring the related glycan, DUPAN-2, can be useful in individuals unable to synthesize CA19-9. We hypothesized that similar to CA19-9, FUT functional groups determined by variants in FUT3 and FUT2 influence DUPAN-2 levels, and having tumor marker reference ranges for each functional group would improve diagnostic performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a training/validation study design, FUT2/ FUT3 genotypes were determined in 938 individuals from Johns Hopkins Hospital: 607 Cancer of the Pancreas Screening (CAPS) study subjects with unremarkable pancreata and 331 with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Serum DUPAN-2 and CA19-9 levels were measured by immunoassay. RESULTS In controls, three functional FUT groups were identified with significant differences in DUPAN-2 levels: FUT3-intact, FUT3-null/FUT2-intact, and FUT3-null/FUT2-null. DUPAN-2 training set diagnostic cutoffs for each FUT group yielded higher diagnostic sensitivity in the validation set for patients with stage I/II PDAC than uniform cutoffs (60.4% [95% CI, 50.2 to 70.0] v 39.8% [30.0 to 49.8]), at approximately 99% (96.7 to 99.6) specificity. Combining FUT/CA19-9 and FUT/DUPAN-2 tests yielded 78.4% (72.3 to 83.7) sensitivity for stage I/II PDAC, at 97.7% (95.3 to 99.1) specificity in the combined sets, with higher AUC (stage I/II: 0.960 v 0.935 for CA19-9 + DUPAN-2 without the FUT test; P < .001); for stage I PDAC, sensitivity was 62.0% (49.1 to 73.2; AUC, 0.919 v 0.883; P = .03). CA19-9 levels in FUT3-null/FUT2-null PDAC subjects were higher than in FUT3-null/FUT2-intact subjects (median/IQR; 24.9/57.4 v <1/2.3 U/mL; P = .0044). In a simulated CAPS cohort, AUC precision recall (AUCPR) scores were 0.51 for CA19-9 alone, 0.64 for FUT/CA19-9, 0.73 for CA19-9/DUPAN-2, and 0.84 for FUT/CA19-9/DUPAN-2. CONCLUSION Using a tumor marker gene test to individualize CA19-9 and DUPAN-2 reference ranges achieves high diagnostic performance for stage I/II pancreatic cancer.
Time to Diagnosis and Presenting Symptoms of Patients Diagnosed With Cancer Through Emergency and Nonemergency Routes: A Large Retrospective Study From a High-Volume Center
Authors: Bosch Xavier , Mota Gomes Tiago , Montori-Palacin Elisabet , Moreno Pedro , López-Soto Alfonso 
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE The symptoms with which a patient with cancer presents and the route taken to diagnosis (emergency v nonemergency) may affect the speed with which the diagnosis of cancer is made, thereby affecting outcomes. We examined time to diagnosis by symptom for cancers diagnosed through emergency and nonemergency routes (NERs). METHODS We performed a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with 10 solid cancers at Hospital Clínic of Barcelona between March 2013 and June 2023. Cancers were diagnosed through emergency presentation and admission (inpatient emergency route [IER]), emergency presentation and outpatient referral (outpatient emergency route [OER]), and primary care presentation and outpatient referral (NER). We assessed the effect of diagnostic routes on intervals to diagnosis for 19 cancer symptoms. RESULTS A total of 5,174 and 1,607 patients were diagnosed with cancer through emergency routes and NERs, respectively. Over 85% of patients presenting with alarm (localizing) symptoms such as hematuria through emergency routes were diagnosed with the expected cancer, whereas those with nonlocalizing symptoms such as abdominal pain had a more heterogeneous cancer-site composition. Median intervals were shorter for alarm than nonlocalizing symptoms and tended to be shorter in IERs than OERs. However, for most symptoms, intervals in both routes were invariably shorter than in the NER. For example, diagnostic intervals for hematuria and abdominal pain were 3 and 5 days shorter in IERs than OERs, but they were 5-8 and 17-22 days shorter than in the NER, respectively. CONCLUSION For patients with alarm symptoms, intervals were shorter than for those with nonlocalizing symptoms and, for most symptoms, intervals were shorter when patients were evaluated by emergency routes rather than NERs.
Virtual Follow-Up in Patients Initiating Antineoplastic Treatment in the Ambulatory Setting
Authors: Chew Lauren J. , Urman Danielle S. , Maxwell Kevin , Ajmera Archana , Millard Frederick , McKay Rana R. 
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE Initiating antineoplastic therapy can be distressful and affect patient retention of treatment-related side effects and safety protocols. Return visits can range from 8 to 28 days after treatment, during which patients may develop treatment-related questions and toxicities. This study's objective is to evaluate how implementing a follow-up phone call 24-48 hours after initial antineoplastic infusion, compared with standard pretreatment education, affects patient satisfaction and education retention. METHODS We conducted a single-center pilot study where patients who were literate, English-speaking, with genitourinary malignancies, initiating intravenous chemotherapy or immunotherapy were eligible. The primary end point was patient knowledge retention. Secondary end points included patient satisfaction. The Leuven's Questionnaire Patient Knowledge Tool, a validated, standardized tool, was used to evaluate patient knowledge retention, with a higher score indicating more retention. Telephone follow-up was initiated 24-48 hours after initial infusion, where Leuven's Questionnaire was used to assess patient knowledge. A nurse then reinforced treatment-related education, reviewed notification parameters, and coordinated appropriate follow-up. One week later, participants were sent a follow-up Leuven's Questionnaire and standardized patient satisfaction assessment. RESULTS Thirty-one patients with renal cell carcinoma, prostate, bladder, germ cell/testicular, or adrenal cancers were included in the study. Mean preintervention Leuven's Questionnaire score was 5.3 and mean postintervention score was 8.1 on a 1-10 scale ( P < .0001). Ninety-seven percent of patients reported improved satisfaction postintervention. CONCLUSION Proactive telephonic follow-up for oncology patients improves education retention, patient satisfaction, and has potential to improve patient safety and quality of care.
ASSESSING INFLUENCE EXERTED BY AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION ON PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Kleyn Svetlana V. , Nikiforova Nadezhda V. , Vekovshinina Svetlana A. 
Published: March 2024

Background. One of the factors influencing the health of the population, which is the object of one of the federal projects, is atmospheric air. Many studies have established that atmospheric air pollution with chemical impurities can cause the onset of a new or exacerbation of an existing pathology in humans.
Purpose. Assess the impact of atmospheric air pollution on the health indicators of the population of the Russian Federation.
Materials and methods. The hygienic assessment of atmospheric air quality was carried out using the data from Rospotrebnadzor form 18 for 2012-2021, data from the federal information fund for social and hygienic monitoring. The analysis of the primary morbidity of the population was carried out using statistical collections "The incidence of the entire population of Russia with a diagnosis established for the first time in life" for 2012-2021. The calculation of additional cases of population diseases associated with atmospheric air quality was performed in accordance with Methodological recommendations 5.1.0095-14.
Results. For the period 2012-2021 on the territory of the Russian Federation, the share of atmospheric air samples that do not meet hygienic requirements decreased by 1.69 times. Priority substances for which excesses of standards are registered are: benz(a)pyrene, xylene, hydrogen chloride, nickel oxide, ozone, ethenylbenzene, hydrochloride, methanethiol, particulate matter, formaldehyde, etc. Improvement in atmospheric air quality has reduced the number of additional cases of disease from all causes associated with air pollution. The structure of additional morbidity associated with atmospheric air quality is dominated by diseases of the respiratory, digestive, circulatory, and nervous systems. Additional cases of diseases of the population associated with air quality are registered, depending on the class of diseases, in the territories of 22-42 subjects of the Russian Federation.
Conclusion. The results obtained can be used in the formation of monitoring programs aimed at reducing priority chemical impurities in the atmospheric air and developing programs for the primary prevention of the population from diseases associated with atmospheric air quality.
INTERNET DEPENDENCE: RISK FACTORS AND INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Moskalenko Olga L. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: a review of domestic and foreign studies in the field of the formation of Internet addiction in adolescents.
Materials and methods. The article presents a review of the literature and analyzes scientific research on the prevalence of Internet addiction, the formation of Internet addiction and the individual psychological characteristics of adolescents according to researchers from various countries. The authors of the article conducted a scientific search using the relevant keywords in PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, in databases for searching scientific information: RFBR Library, PsyJournals, PsyArxiv, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI (eLIBRARY.RU) and others.
Results. To study the presence of Internet addiction and its types, surveys are used in research ("Chen Internet Addiction Scale" (CIAS), "Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents" (GASA) and "The Social Media Disorder Scale" (SMDS), Russian-language versions of questionnaires), psychological testing and psychological observation. Significant risk factors for Internet addiction in adolescents are: high excitability (irritability, nervousness); decrease in self-control (decrease in the manifestation of one's own emotions and motivations for activity); emotional instability (mood swings, impulsiveness, inconsistency of actions); anxiety-depressive conditions; tendency to introversion according to a complex of personality traits; insufficient development of emotional (social) intelligence (perception, use, understanding and management of emotions), difficulties in the educational process.
Conclusion. Early warning of the development of Internet addiction should be carried out in educational institutions. Personalized prevention of Internet addiction in the adolescent age group is the most effective and can significantly reduce the incidence. A qualified psychologist can identify a tendency to addictive behavior in adolescents. Educate children and adolescents in the reasonable use of technology. More research is needed in adolescents to better identify commonalities and different types of Internet content addiction.
Identifying central elements of the therapeutic alliance in the setting of telerehabilitation: A qualitative study
Authors: Seebacher Barbara , Geimer Carole , Neu Julia , Schwarz Maria , Diermayr Gudrun 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Therapeutic alliance is a relevant aspect of healthcare and may influence patient outcomes. So far, little is known about the therapeutic alliance in telerehabilitation.

Purpose
To identify and describe central elements of therapeutic alliance in the setting of telerehabilitation and compare it to those in conventional rehabilitation.

Methods
In this qualitative study, a literature search and in-depth semi-structured interviews with rehabilitation and telerehabilitation experts were conducted from 15.5.-10.8.2020 on elements influencing the therapeutic alliance in rehabilitation and telerehabilitation. Using a combined deductive and inductive approach, qualitative content analysis was used to identify categories and derive central themes.

Results
The elements bond, communication, agreement on goals and tasks and external factors were identified in the literature search and informed the development of the interview guide. Twelve purposively sampled experts from the fields of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech and language therapy, psychology, general medicine, sports science and telerehabilitation software development participated in the interviews. We identified three central themes: building effective communication; nurturing a mutual relationship of trust and respect; and agreement on goals and tasks and drivers of motivation.

Conclusions
In this qualitative study, key elements of therapeutic alliance in rehabilitation confirmed those reported in the literature, with additional elements in telerehabilitation comprising support from others for ensuring physical safety and technical connectedness, caregivers acting as co-therapists and applying professional touch, and promoting patient autonomy and motivation using specific strategies.
Exploring the causal relationship between airborne particulate matter and ulcerative colitis: A two-sample mendelian randomization study
Authors: Fu Chong , Wang Qi , Chen Yan , Zhang Yanping 
Published: March 2024

Background
Existing research has demonstrated links between airborne particulate matter and ulcerative colitis (UC) onset. Through Mendelian randomization, this study aims to further delineate the causal association between specific types of airborne particulates and UC.

Methods
A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was undertaken to investigate the causality between airborne particulate matter and UC. Genetic datasets for both airborne particulates and UC were derived from accessible genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We employed a range of MR techniques, such as inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, and Wald Ratio, to validate the causality. In addition, sensitivity assessments were executed to ensure result reliability.

Results
The data indicate a probable positive correlation between PM2.5 exposure and UC risk (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: [1.2–11.3]; P = 0.026). The statistical strength for causal determination via the IVW approach stood at 0.87, with a Type I error rate set at 0.025. Assessments using Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses did not identify notable heterogeneity, pleiotropy, or biases in the overall relationship between PM2.5 and UC. Furthermore, the MR-Steiger assessment indicated that PM2.5 exposure level determinants predominantly affect UC vulnerability.

Conclusion
The findings underscore the potential involvement of PM2.5 in UC pathogenesis.
Hand gesture recognition with deep residual network using Semg signal
Authors: Khattak Abid Saeed , Zain Azlan bin Mohd , Hassan Rohayanti Binti , Nazar Fakhra , Haris Muhammad , Ahmed Bilal Ashfaq 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To design and develop a classifier, named Sewing Driving Training based Optimization-Deep Residual Network (SDTO_DRN) for hand gesture recognition.

Methods
The electrical activity of forearm muscles generates the signals that can be captured with Surface Electromyography (sEMG) sensors and includes meaningful data for decoding both muscle actions and hand movement. This research develops an efficacious scheme for hand gesture recognition using SDTO_DRN. Here, signal pre-processing is done through Gaussian filtering. Thereafter, desired and appropriate features are extracted. Following that, effective features are chosen using SDTO. At last, hand gesture identification is accomplished based on DRN and this network is effectively fine-tuned by SDTO, which is a combination of Sewing Training Based Optimization (STBO) and Driving Training Based Optimization (DTBO). The datasets employed for the implementation of this work are MyoUP Dataset and putEMG: sEMG Gesture and Force Recognition Dataset.

Results
The designed SDTO_DRN model has gained superior performance with magnificent results by delivering a maximum accuracy of 0.943, True Positive Rate (TPR) of 0.929, True Negative Rate (TNR) of 0.919, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 0.924, and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 0.924.

Conclusions
The hand gesture recognition using the proposed model is accurate and improves the effectiveness of the recognition.
Assessment of accuracy of laboratory testing results, relative to peer group consensus values in external quality control, by bivariate z-score analysis: the example of D-Dimer
Authors: Meijer Piet , Sobas Frederic , Tsiamyrtzis Panagiotis 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study is to develop a practical method for bivariate z-score analysis which can be applied to the survey of an external quality assessment programme.

Methods
To develop the bivariate z-score analysis, the results of four surveys of the international D-Dimer external quality assessment programme of 2022 of the ECAT Foundation were used. The proposed methodology starts by identifying the bivariate outliers, using a Supervised Sequential Hotelling T2 control chart. The outlying data are removed, and all the remaining data are used to provide robust estimates of the parameters of the assumed underlying bivariate normal distribution. Based on these estimates two nested homocentric ellipses are drawn, corresponding to confidence levels of 95 and 99.7 %. The bivariate z-score plot described provides the laboratory with an indication of both systematic and random deviations from zero z-score values. The bivariate z-score analysis was examined within survey 2022-D4 across the three most frequently used methods.

Results
The number of z-score pairs included varied between 830 and 857 and the number of bivariate outliers varied between 20 and 28. The correlation between the z-score pairs varied between 0.431 and 0.647. The correlation between the z-score pairs for the three most frequently used varied between 0.208 and 0.636.

Conclusions
The use of the bivariate z-score analysis is of major importance when multiple samples are distributed around in the same survey and dependency of the results is likely. Important lessons can be drawn from the shape of the ellipse with respect to random and systematic deviations, while individual laboratories have been informed about their position in the state-of-the-art distribution and whether they have to deal with systematic and/or random deviations.
Online addiction analysis and identification of students by applying gd-LSTM algorithm to educational behaviour data
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Yu Huisi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Internet has become the primary source of extracurricular entertainment for college students in today’s information age of Internet entertainment. However, excessive Internet addiction (IA) can negatively impact a student’s daily life and academic performance. This study used Stochastic models to gather data on campus education behaviour, extract the temporal characteristics of university students’ behaviour, and build a Stochastic dropout long short-term memory (LSTM) network by fusing Dropout and LSTM algorithms in order to identify and analyse the degree of IA among university students. The model is then used to locate and forecast the multidimensional vectors gathered, and finally to locate and evaluate the extent of university students’ Internet addiction. According to the experiment’s findings, there were 4.23% Internet-dependent students among the overall (5,861 university students), and 95.66% of those students were male. The study examined the model using four dimensions, and the experimental findings revealed that the predictive model suggested in the study had much superior predictive performance than other models, scoring 0.73, 0.72, 0.74, and 0.74 on each dimension, respectively. The prediction model outperformed other algorithms overall and in the evaluation of the four dimensions, performing more evenly than other algorithms in the performance comparison test with other similar models. This demonstrated the superiority of the research model.
The semiotics of humor in cultural trauma: a pilot study on digital methodology concerning the evolution and overcoming of trauma through humor on the example of Rick and Morty
Authors: Poschinger Felix , Shannon Christopher 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This pilot study on humor in cultural trauma uses innovative digital methodologies in speech recognition and social media analysis via Postman and Python in the Twitter API v2 to propose different forms to gather and analyze empirical data on semiotics and humor to be used in a broader context. The given example of humorous instances on the cultural trauma of 9/11 in the fictional sitcom Rick and Morty is limited but corroborated by a second example that is structurally different from the first: humor about 9/11 in stand-up comedy by Louis C.K. Based on the data, humor in trauma seems to undergo a 5-phase-typology related to the Kübler-Ross model of grief, which is mended by the (digital) participation of society. Society, we argue, both shapes the discourse on humor in trauma and overcomes the traumatic effects through humorous discourse.