bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing organizational diversity: Observations from cross‐border acquisitions
Authors: Napier Nancy K. , Schweiger David M. , Kosglow James J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article examines the processes used over the course of a decade by a European firm managing organizationally diverse acquisitions. The parent company used various human resource management and structural approaches that tolerated diversity while allowing for learning to occur within parent and acquired firms. The parent also provided opportunities for the acquired firms to find their own approaches to working together and integrating, rather than imposing any particular approach on the acquired firms. © 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of diversification of career orientations on management systems in Japan
Authors: Sakakibara Kiyonori , Kusunoki Ken 
Published: May 2007

AbstractUntil a few years ago, when compared to employees in countries of the Western World, Japanese employees entering an organization tended to have similar values and to stay in that organization rather than switching from one organization to another. That fact, however, has been changing. This article discusses the effects of this diversification of career orientations in young Japanese people. The main focus is on the effects of diversification on employment choice, the individual's decision‐making as to which kind of employer to work for, and on the differing perceptions of management systems. © 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Human resource strategies and contingent workers: The case of safety and health in the petrochemical industry
Authors: Kochan Thomas A. , Smith Michal , Wells John C. , Rebitzer James B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOne of the most important economic developments in recent years is the growth in the number of temporary and contract employees. Little is known, however, about the implications these contingent employees have for human resource practices. This paper presents the results of a study of one group of contingent workers, contract workers in the petrochemical industry. The primary concern of this study is the consequences contract workers have for safety, a hotly debated and politically charged issue in an industry where safety mishaps can have catastrophic consequences. We find that contract employees offer petrochemical firms an important degree of flexibility in meeting rapid fluctuations in their demand for labor. Contract employment relationships also create stresses with potentially severe adverse effects on workplace safety. Overcoming these threats to safety while maintaining flexibility will require a high level of coordination among human resource professionals, line managers, corporate executives, unions, and government agencies.
Diverse approaches to managing diversity
Authors: Ellis Catherine 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAgainst a backdrop of philosophical and political debate, this article reviews the emerging pitfalls of new corporate diversity programs. Three pioneering corporate programs are examined closely, and a discussion of the purpose, the process, and the impact of these programs is offered. Original survey data reported here suggest that exposure to diversity issues affects workplace attitudes. Lessons are drawn that address the role of top leadership, participant mix, instructor quality, and corporate culture.
Waiting for innovation in the human resources department: Godot implements a human resource information system
Authors: Kossek Ellen Ernst , Young Willard , Gash Debra C. , Nichol Victor 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe implementation of a new human resource information system (HRIS) represents a major form of planned organizational change for the Human Resource function, yet little research has been conducted on this issue. This article presents a longitudinal case study of the reactions of the Human Resource community in a large energy company to the planned implementation of a new corporate HRIS. Implementing an HRIS to enhance strategic and business decision‐making has important organizational development implications. A new HRIS (1) represents an attempt to enable Human Resources to become more of a business partner, (2) changes the nature of HR work to encompass a greater information broker and decision support role, and (3) alters power dynamics and communication patterns involving Human Resources. Varying levels of resistance and ambivalence were found regarding the extent to which human resource information systems skills were valued as a critical competency. While there is a trend, toward attitudinal convergence within the human resource community, over time, the results suggest that user skill level may be more strongly related to variance in attitudes toward the value of a new HRIS than to hierarchical level or business unit affiliation. The study also found that face‐to‐face seminars were a significantly more effective intervention than was written communication in influencing favorable intention to use the HRIS.
Strategies for successful organizational downsizing
Authors: Cameron Kim S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article reports the results of a study of 30 organizations that engaged in downsizing over a four‐year period. Three questions were investigated: (1) What general strategies are used by organizations to downsize? (2) What are the effects of downsizing on organizational performance? (3) What are downsizing's “best practices?” or, What are the differences between organizations that effectively downsize and those that do not? Three main strategies for downsizing are explained, the managerial actions to overcome the negative effects of downsizing are enumerated, and the best practices of successful downsizing firms are presented.
Organizational downsizing as convergence or reorientation: Implications for human resource management
Authors: Freeman Sarah J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article proposes that there are two basic approaches to organizational downsizing. Downsizing as reorientation is the proper approach when organizations undertake major downsizing programs. In this approach, many elements of the organization are questioned and changed simultaneously. The goal is a fundamentally different, not just smaller, organization. Downsizing as convergence is part of continuous improvement, and its goal is to refine and streamline all ongoing organizational processes. Each of these approaches to downsizing involves a particular pattern of downsizing tactics, implementation processes, and organizational changes. Thus, each approach to downsizing generates different implications for human resource management.
Blockade of HERG K+channel by an antihistamine drug brompheniramine requires the channel binding within the S6 residue Y652 and F656
Authors: Park Sang‐Joon , Kim Ki‐Suk , Kim Eun‐Joo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA number of clinically used drugs block delayed rectifier K+channels and prolong the duration of cardiac action potentials associated with long QT syndrome. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of voltage‐dependent inhibition of human ether‐a‐go‐go‐related gene (HERG) delayed rectifier K+channels expressed in HEK‐293 cells by brompheniramine, an antihistamine. Brompheniramine inhibited HERG current in a concentration‐dependent manner with the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 1.7 µm at 0 mV. A block of HERG current by brompheniramine was enhanced by progressive membrane depolarization and showed significantly negative shift in voltage‐dependence of channel activation. Inhibition of HERG current by brompheniramine showed time‐dependence. The S6 residue HERG mutant Y652A and F656C largely reduced the blocking potency of HERG current. These results indicate that brompheniramine mainly inhibited the HERG potassium channel through the residue Y652 and F656 and these residues may be an obligatory determinant in inhibition of HERG current for brompheniramine. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sp1 and Smad3 are required for high glucose‐induced p21WAF1 gene transcription in LLC‐PK1 cells
Authors: Chuang Tsai‐Der , Guh Jinn‐Yuh , Chiou Shean‐Jaw , Chen Hung‐Chun , Hung Wen‐Chun , Chuang Lea‐Yea 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1 is required for diabetic glomerular hypertrophy. High glucose‐induced hypertrophy in proximal tubule cells is dependent on transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β). Many of the TGF‐β‐induced effects are dependent on Smad2/3. Thus, the molecular mechanisms of high glucose‐induced p21WAF1 and hypertrophy were studied in high glucose‐cultured proximal tubule‐like LLC‐PK1 cells. We found that high glucose (30 mM) induced hypertrophy at 72 h. High glucose also increased the expression of p21WAF1 protein and p21WAF1 mRNA transcription and abundance at 48 h. The DNA element in the 5′ regulatory region of p21WAF1 gene essential for high glucose‐induced p21WAF1 gene transcription was identified as Sp1 by a series of the 5′ regulatory region of p21WAF1 gene deletion mutants. Moreover, high glucose activated Smad2/3 while increasing the Sp1 DNA‐binding activity. High glucose also increased the Sp1‐dependent transcriptional activity of p21WAF1 gene. High glucose‐induced hypertrophy was attenuated by p21WAF1 short interfering RNA and Smad3 dominant‐negative plasmid transfection. We concluded that high glucose induced hypertrophy via Sp1‐Smad2/3‐dependent activation of p21WAF1 gene transcription in LLC‐PK1 cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 1190–1201, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HSPG modulation of BMP signaling in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva cells
Authors: O'Connell Michael P. , Billings Paul C. , Fiori Jennifer L. , Deirmengian Gregory , Roach Helmtrud I. , Shore Eileen M. , Kaplan Frederick S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) play important roles in morphogen gradient formation and cell signaling. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is dysregulated in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a disabling disorder of progressive heterotopic bone formation. Here, we investigated the role of HSPG glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains on BMP signaling and found increased total and HSPG‐specific GAG chain levels and dysregulation in HSPG modulation of BMP signaling in FOP lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs). Specifically, HSPG profiling demonstrated abundant mRNA and protein levels of glypican 1 and syndecan 4 on control and FOP LCLs, with elevated core protein levels on FOP cells. Targeted downregulation of glypican 1 core protein synthesis by siRNA enhanced BMP signaling in control and FOP cells, while reduction of syndecan 4‐core protein synthesis decreased BMP signaling in control, but not FOP cells. These results suggest that FOP cells are resistant to the stimulatory effects of cell surface HSPG GAG chains, but are susceptible to the inhibitory effects, as shown by downregulation of glypican 1. These data support that HSPG modulation of BMP signaling is altered in cells from patients with FOP and that altered HSPG‐related BMP signaling may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 1493–1503, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutation in G6PD gene leads to loss of cellular control of protein glutathionylation: Mechanism and implication
Authors: Ayene Iraimoudi S. , Biaglow John E. , Kachur Alexander V. , Stamato Thomas D. , Koch Cameron J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMore than 400 million people are susceptible to oxidative stress due to glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Protein glutathionylation is believed to be responsible for loss of protein function and/or cellular signaling during oxidative stress. To elucidate the implications of G6PD deficiency specifically in cellular control of protein glutathionylation, we used hydroxyethyldisulfide (HEDS), an oxidant which undergoes disulfide exchange with existing thiols. G6PD deficient (E89) cells treated with HEDS showed a significant increase in protein glutathionylation compared to wild‐type (K1) cells. In order to determine whether increase in global protein glutathionylation by HEDS leads to loss of function of an important protein, we compared the effect of HEDS on global protein glutathionylation with that of Ku protein function, a multifunctional DNA repair protein, using a novel ELISA. E89 cells treated with HEDS showed a significant loss of Ku protein binding to DNA. Cellular protein thiol and GSH, whose disulfide is involved in protein glutathionylation, were decreased by HEDS in E89 cells with no significant effect in K1 cells. E89 cells showed lower detoxification of HEDS, that is, conversion of disulfide HEDS to free sulfhydryl mercaptoethanol (ME), compared to K1 cells. K1 cells maintained their NADH level in the presence of HEDS but that of E89 cells decreased by tenfold following a similar exposure. NADPH, a cofactor required to maintain reduced form of the thiols, was decreased more in E89 than K1 cells. The specific role of G6PD in the control of such global protein glutathionylation and Ku function was further demonstrated by reintroducing the G6PD gene into E89 (A1A) cells, which showed a normal phenotype. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 123–135, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin increases bovine herpesvirus type‐1 (BHV‐1) replication in madin‐darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells in vitro
Authors: Fiorito F. , Pagnini U. , De Martino L. , Montagnaro S. , Ciarcia R. , Florio S. , Pacilio M. , Fucito A. , Rossi A. , Iovane G. , Giordano A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDioxin—2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) is a common environmental toxin of current interest. In the last years, higher levels of TCDD than those permitted in UE [European Commission. 2002. European Commission Recommendation 2002/201/CE. Official Gazette, L 67/69] were detected in milk samples from cow, water buffalo, goat, and sheep raised on some areas of Campania Region (South Italy). Dioxin often causes immunosuppression and might render the animal liable to viral infections. In addition, viral infections are able to alter the pattern of dioxin distribution in different organs of the exposed animals. Bovine Herpesvirus type‐1 (BHV‐1) is a widespread pathogen, which causes infectious rhinotracheitis and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis in cattle. Herein, we have studied the effects of TCDD and BHV‐1 infection, in Madin‐Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells, alone as well as in association, so as cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and virus replication. We have observed an increase in cell viability of confluent monolayers at low TCDD concentrations. TCDD treated cells demonstrated increased viability compared to controls as evaluated by MTT test. TCDD exposure increased cell proliferation but induced no changes on apoptosis. Cells exposed to TCDD along with BHV‐1 showed a dose‐dependent increase in cytopathy, represented by ample syncytia formation with the elimination of the cellular sheets and increased viral titer. These results suggest that TCDD increases viral replication in MDBK cells while BHV‐1 further decreases viability of TCDD exposed cells. Since very low concentrations (0.01 pg/ml) are sufficient to augment BHV‐1 titer, TCDD may contribute to reactivate BHV‐1 from latency, leading to recurrent disease and increase virus transmission. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 221–233, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The structure of the TGF‐β latency associated peptide region determines the ability of the proprotein convertase furin to cleave TGF‐βs
Authors: Kusakabe Makoto , Cheong Pak‐Leng , Nikfar Reza , McLennan Ian S. , Koishi Kyoko 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe TGF‐β family members are generated as latent pre‐pro‐polypeptides. The active mature peptides are cleaved from the latent forms by cellular proteases. TGF‐β1, for instance, is predominantly processed by a substilisin‐like proprotein convertase, furin. TGF‐β2 has a consensus cleavage site for furin and therefore has been presumed to be cleaved by furin. However, TGF‐β2 is often secreted as the latent form, which appears to be inconsistent with its postulated sensitivity to furin. We report here that both the regular (short) form of TGF‐β2 and its spliced variant with an additional exon (long form) are insensitive to furin. NIH 3T3 and CHO cells were transfected with expression vectors containing the short or long form of TGF‐β2 or a chimeric TGF‐β consisting of the TGF‐β1 LAP region, the TGF‐β2 cleavage site and the TGF‐β2 mature peptide. The constructs included a c‐myc epitope tag in the N‐terminal region of the mature peptide. The TGF‐βs produced by the transfected cells were analyzed with Western blots and immunocytochemistry. The intracellular proteins harvested from these cells were incubated with furin. Furin only inefficiently cleaved both the long and short forms of TGF‐β2, but efficiently processed the chimeric TGF‐β. This indicates that the insensitivity of both forms of TGF‐β2 to furin is a consequence of the tertiary structure of their LAP regions rather than their cleavage site. This differential processing of TGF‐β1 and ‐β2 may be part of the mechanism that generates isoform‐specific functions of the TGF‐βs. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 311–320, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapamycin inhibits osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in MC3T3‐E1 cells and primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Singha Ujjal K. , Jiang Yu , Yu Shibing , Luo Min , Lu Yi , Zhang Jian , Xiao Guozhi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWhile the roles of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in regulation of cell growth, proliferation, and survival have been well documented in various cell types, its actions in osteoblasts are poorly understood. In this study, we determined the effects of rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTOR, on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation using MC3T3‐E1 preosteoblastic cells (MC‐4) and primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Rapamycin significantly inhibited proliferation in both MC‐4 cells and BMSCs at a concentration as low as 0.1 nM. Western blot analysis shows that rapamycin treatment markedly reduced levels of cyclin A and D1 protein in both cell types. In differentiating osteoblasts, rapamycin dramatically reduced osteoblast‐specific osteocalcin (Ocn), bone sialoprotein (Bsp), and osterix (Osx) mRNA expression, ALP activity, and mineralization capacity. However, the drug treatment had no effect on osteoblast differentiation parameters when the cells were completely differentiated. Importantly, rapamycin markedly reduced levels of Runx2 protein in both proliferating and differentiating but not differentiated osteoblasts. Finally, overexpression of S6K in COS‐7 cells significantly increased levels of Runx2 protein and Runx2 activity. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that mTOR signaling affects osteoblast functions by targeting osteoblast proliferation and the early stage of osteoblast differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 434–446, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expanding the lysyl hydroxylase toolbox: New insights into the localization and activities of lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3)
Authors: Myllylä Raili , Wang Chunguang , Heikkinen Jari , Juffer Andre , Lampela Outi , Risteli Maija , Ruotsalainen Heli , Salo Antti , Sipilä Laura 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHydroxylysine and its glycosylated forms, galactosylhydroxylysine and glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine, are post‐translational modifications unique to collagenous sequences. They are found in collagens and in many proteins having a collagenous domain in their structure. Since the last published reviews, significant new data have accumulated regarding these modifications. One of the lysyl hydroxylase isoforms, lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3), has been shown to possess three catalytic activities required sequentially to produce hydroxylysine and its glycosylated forms, that is, the lysyl hydroxylase (LH), galactosyltransferase (GT), and glucosyltransferase (GGT) activities. Studies on mouse models have revealed the importance of these different activities of LH3 in vivo. LH3 is the main molecule responsible for GGT activity in mouse embryos. A lack of this activity causes intracellular accumulation of type IV collagen, which disrupts the formation of basement membranes (BMs) during mouse embryogenesis and leads to embryonic lethality. The specific inactivation of the LH activity of LH3 causes minor alterations in the structure of the BM and collagen fibril organization, but does not affect the lifespan of mutated mice. Recent data from zebrafish demonstrate that growth cone migration depends critically on the LH3 glycosyltransferase domain. LH3 is located in the ER loosely associated with the membranes, but, unlike the other isoforms, LH3 is also found in the extracellular space in some tissues. LH3 is able to adjust the amount of hydroxylysine and hydroxylysine‐linked carbohydrates of extracellular proteins in their native conformation, suggesting that it may have a role in matrix remodeling. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 323–329, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retracted: Novel approaches for gene‐specific interference via manipulating actions of microRNAs: Examination on the pacemaker channel genes HCN2 and HCN4
Authors: Xiao Jiening , Yang Baofeng , Lin Huixian , Lu Yanjie , Luo Xiaobin , Wang Zhiguo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRecent evidence has suggested microRNAs as viable therapeutic targets for a wide range of human disease. However, lack of gene‐specificity of microRNA actions may hinder this application. Here we developed two new approaches, the gene‐specific microRNA mimic and microRNA‐masking antisense approaches, to explore the possibility of using microRNA's principle of actions in a gene‐specific manner. We examined the value of these strategies as rational approaches to develop heart rate‐reducing agents and “biological pacemakers” by manipulating the expression of the cardiac pacemaker channel genes HCN2 and HCN4. We showed that the gene‐specific microRNA mimics, 22‐nt RNAs designed to target the 3′untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of HCN2 and HCN4, respectively, were efficient in abrogating expression and function of HCN2 and HCN4. The gene‐specific microRNA mimics repressed protein levels, accompanied by depressed f‐channel conductance and the associated rhythmic activity, without affecting mRNA levels of HCN2 and HCN4. Meanwhile, we also designed the microRNA‐masking antisense based on the miR‐1 and miR‐133 target sites in the 3′UTRs of HCN2 and HCN4 and found that these antisense oligodeoxynucleotides markedly enhanced HCN2/HCN4 expression and function, as reflected by increased protein levels of HCN2/HCN4 and If conductance, by removing the repression of HCN2/HCN4 expression induced by endogenous miR‐1/miR‐133. The experimental examination of these techniques and the resultant findings not only indicate feasibility of interfering miRNA action in a gene‐specific fashion but also may provide a new research tool for studying function of miRNAs. The new approaches also have the potential of becoming alternative gene therapy strategies. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 285–292, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.