bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Coronal Magnetic Field Estimation Using Bayesian Inference
Authors: Baweja Upasna , Pant Vaibhav , Arregui Iñigo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Estimating the magnetic field strength in the solar corona is crucial for understanding different physical processes happening over diverse spatiotemporal scales. However, the high temperatures and low density of the solar corona make this task challenging. The coronal magnetic field is too weak to produce a measurable splitting of the spectral lines using the Zeeman effect, and high temperature causes spectral lines to become weak and broad, making it difficult to detect the small Zeeman splitting. Coronal magneto-seismology, which combines the theoretical and observed properties of magnetohydrodynamic waves, can be used to infer the magnetic field strength of oscillating structures in the solar corona, which are otherwise difficult to estimate. In this work, we use the Doppler velocity and density data obtained from the Coronal Multichannel Polarimeter on 2016 October 14 to obtain the global map of the coronal magnetic field using Bayesian inference. Two priors are used for plasma density, viz Gaussian and uniform distributions. Bayesian inference provides us with the probability distribution for the magnetic field strength at each location from 1.05 to 1.35 R
⊙. A comparison between the magnetic field obtained using simple inversion and Bayesian inference is also drawn. We find that the values obtained using simple inversion do not always match the maximum posterior estimates obtained using Bayesian inference. We find that the inferred values follow a power-law function for the radial variation of the coronal magnetic field, with the power-law indices for simple and Bayesian inversion being similar.
RR Lyrae Stars Belonging to the Candidate Globular Cluster Patchick 99
Authors: Butler Evan , Kunder Andrea , Prudil Zdenek , Covey Kevin R. , Ball Macy , Campos Carlos , Gollnick Kaylen , Olivares Carvajal Julio , Hughes Joanne , Devine Kathryn , Johnson Christian I. , Vivas A. Katherina , Rich R. Michael , Joyce Meridith , Simion Iulia T. , Marchetti Tommaso , Koch-Hansen Andreas J. , Clarkson William I. , Kuss Rebekah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Patchick 99 is a candidate globular cluster located in the direction of the Galactic bulge, with a proper motion almost identical to the field and extreme field star contamination. A recent analysis suggests it is a low-luminosity globular cluster with a population of RR Lyrae stars. We present new spectra of stars in and around Patchick 99, targeting specifically the three RR Lyrae stars associated with the cluster as well as the other RR Lyrae stars in the field. A sample of 53 giant stars selected from proper motions and a position on the color–magnitude diagram are also observed. The three RR Lyrae stars associated with the cluster have similar radial velocities and distances, and two of the targeted giants also have radial velocities in this velocity regime and [Fe/H] metallicities that are slightly more metal-poor than the field. Therefore, if Patchick 99 is a bona fide globular cluster, it would have a radial velocity of −92 ± 10 km s−1, a distance of 6.7 ± 0.4 kpc (as determined from the RR Lyrae stars), and an orbit that confines it to the inner bulge.
On the Magnetic Field Properties of Protostellar Envelopes in Orion
Authors: Huang 黄 Bo 博 , Girart Josep M. , Stephens Ian W. , Fernández López Manuel , Arce Hector G. , Carpenter John M. , Cortes Paulo , Cox Erin G. , Friesen Rachel , Le Gouellec Valentin J. M. , Hull Charles L. H. , Karnath Nicole , Kwon Woojin , Li Zhi-Yun , Looney Leslie W. , Megeath S. Thomas , Myers Philip C. , Murillo Nadia M. , Pineda Jaime E. , Sadavoy Sarah , Sánchez-Monge Álvaro , Sanhueza Patricio , Tobin John J. , Zhang Qizhou , Jackson James M. , Segura-Cox Dominique 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present 870 μm polarimetric observations toward 61 protostars in the Orion molecular clouds with ∼400 au (1″) resolution using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We successfully detect dust polarization and outflow emission in 56 protostars; in 16 of them the polarization is likely produced by self-scattering. Self-scattering signatures are seen in several Class 0 sources, suggesting that grain growth appears to be significant in disks at earlier protostellar phases. For the rest of the protostars, the dust polarization traces the magnetic field, whose morphology can be approximately classified into three categories: standard-hourglass, rotated-hourglass (with its axis perpendicular to outflow), and spiral-like morphology. A total of 40.0% (±3.0%) of the protostars exhibit a mean magnetic field direction approximately perpendicular to the outflow on several × 102–103 au scales. However, in the remaining sample, this relative orientation appears to be random, probably due to the complex set of morphologies observed. Furthermore, we classify the protostars into three types based on the C17O (3–2) velocity envelope’s gradient: perpendicular to outflow, nonperpendicular to outflow, and unresolved gradient (≲1.0 km s−1 arcsec−1). In protostars with a velocity gradient perpendicular to outflow, the magnetic field lines are preferentially perpendicular to outflow, with most of them exhibiting a rotated hourglass morphology, suggesting that the magnetic field has been overwhelmed by gravity and angular momentum. Spiral-like magnetic fields are associated with envelopes having large velocity gradients, indicating that the rotation motions are strong enough to twist the field lines. All of the protostars with a standard-hourglass field morphology show no significant velocity gradient due to the strong magnetic braking.
Evidence of High-latitude Emission in the Prompt Phase of GRBs: How Far from the Central Engine are the GRBs Produced?
Authors: Uhm Z. Lucas , Tak Donggeun , Zhang Bing , Racusin Judith , Kocevski Daniel , Guiriec Sylvain , Zhang Bin-Bin , McEnery Julie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
One of the difficulties in nailing down the physical mechanism of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) comes from the fact that there has been no clear observational evidence on how far from the central engine the prompt gamma rays of GRBs are emitted. Here we present a simple study addressing this question by making use of the “high-latitude emission” (HLE). We show that our detailed numerical modeling exhibits a clear signature of HLE in the decaying phase of “broad pulses” of GRBs. We show that the HLE can emerge as a prominent spectral break in F

ν
spectra and dominate the peak of ν
F

ν
spectra even while the “line-of-sight emission” (LoSE) is still ongoing. This finding provides a new view of HLE emergence since it has been believed so far that the HLE can show up and dominate the spectra only after the LoSE is turned off. We remark, however, that this “HLE break” can be hidden in some broad pulses, depending on the proximity between the peak energies of the LoSE and the HLE. Therefore, this new picture of HLE emergence explains both the detection and nondetection of HLE signature in observations of broad pulses. Also, we present three examples of Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor GRBs with broad pulses that exhibit the HLE signature. We show that their gamma-ray-emitting region should be located at ∼1016 cm from the central engine, which places a constraint on the GRB models.
Impact of hydroxyurea on clinical and biological parameters of sickle cell anemia in children in Abidjan
Authors: YAYO- AYE MIREILLE , Adjambri Adia Eusèbe , Kouakou Boidy , N'guessan-Blao Rebecca , Adjé Louis Missa , Kamagaté Taïratou , Yapo Vincent , Sawadogo Duni 
Published: February 2024

Background: The lives of individuals affected by sickle cell disease are marked by painful crises sometimes accompanied by complications. Curative treatments such as bone marrow transplantation or gene therapy exist, but are not currently performed in Côte d'Ivoire. Treatment with hydroxyurea remains an effective alternative. The aim of our study is to contribute to improving the management of children with sickle cell disease.
Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study from November 2017 to April 2019 at the at the Yopougon University Hospital. Children aged 5 to 15 years experiencing at least 3 vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) per year were included in the study after obtaining informed and written consent from their parents. Each patient received a daily dose of 15mg/kg of hydroxyurea.
Results: The mean age of the children was 9 years. More than 75% of patients were homozygous SSFA2 major sickle cell individuals. After 6 months on hydroxyurea, our study observed rates of 84.4%, 100%, and 97.8%, respectively, for the absence of vaso-occlusive crises, hospitalization, and transfusion. Biologically, from M0 to M12 the mean hemoglobin level increased significantly, from 7.24 to 8.55 g/dL; white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts decreased; Fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) increased significantly from 10.3% to 19.7%. Biochemical parameters within normal ranges, except for a moderate treatment-related increase in transaminases.
Conclusion: The induction of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) production through hydroxyurea intake is the primary mechanism by which hydroxyurea modifies the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease
Assessment of Patient Satisfaction and Functional Outcomes in Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Alam Mohammad K. , Elbeshbeishy Rana , Abutayyem Huda M. , Sghaireen Mohammed G. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Orthognathic surgery is a surgical procedure performed to correct severe jaw misalignments that can affect a patient’s facial aesthetics and functional occlusion. While the primary goal of orthognathic surgery is to improve functional outcomes and facial appearance, it is essential to assess patient satisfaction as a crucial aspect of overall treatment success.

Materials and Methods:
Patient selection: We conducted a prospective study involving 50 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery. All patients had a confirmed diagnosis of severe jaw misalignment, as determined by clinical and radiographic assessments. The surgical procedures performed included maxillary advancement, mandibular setback, or a combination of both, depending on the patient’s specific diagnosis. Preoperative orthodontic treatment was provided to align the teeth and prepare the patient for surgery. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at postoperative intervals of 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year.

Results:
Patient satisfaction scores and functional outcomes were as follows: aesthetics of facial profile (1-year post-op): mean score = 4.6, chewing function (1-year post-op): mean score = 4.4, speech function (1-year post-op): mean score = 4.3, and overall satisfaction with surgical outcome (1-year post-op): mean score = 4.5. Objective assessments revealed a significant improvement in occlusion and facial aesthetics. The mean reduction in overjet was 4.8 mm, and the mean reduction in overbite was 3.2 mm. Additionally, the mean postoperative ANB angle improved by 3.7°, indicating a better facial balance.

Conclusion:
Orthognathic surgery in our cohort of 50 patients resulted in high levels of patient satisfaction with both functional outcomes and facial aesthetics. Objective measurements also indicated significant improvements in occlusion and facial balance.
Frequent Inactivation of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 2 during the Development of Cervical Carcinoma: Identification of Susceptible Alleles and Clinical Implications
Authors: Samadder Sudip , Pal Debolina , Roychowdhury Anirban , Dutta Arindam , Basu Mukta , Dutta Sankhadeep , Roy Anup , Mandal Ranajit Kumar , Roychoudhury Susanta , Panda Chinmay Kumar 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
In this study, importance of SFRP2, wnt stem cell renewal pathway antagonist, in the development of cervical cancer (CACX) was evaluated.

Aims and Objectives:
Alterations (expression/ methylation/ deletion) of SFRP2 were analysed in primary cervical lesions of different clinical stages followed by their correlation with different clinicopathological parameters. Then, susceptible allele(s) of SFRP2 was identified through case control study followed by and in vitro validation.

Results:
The mRNA expression of SFRP2 was gradually reduced with progression of CACX. In immunohistochemistry, SFRP2 membrane expression was mainly present in the spinous layers of normal cervical epithelium and its reduced protein expression in CACX samples showed concordance with mRNA expression. Frequent deletion/ methylation of SFRP2 were seen to be associated with development of cervical cancer. Methylation of SFRP2 was prevalently associated with early invasive lesions (stage I/II) while, deletion with late invasive lesions (stage III/IV). Overall alterations (deletion/ methylation) of SFRP2 were significantly increased from premalignant CIN to stage-I/II samples followed by comparable change to the next stage (stage III/IV) samples. Moreover, deletion and/or methylation of SFRP2 were associated with poor prognosis of the patients. In a case control study, out of its seven microsatellite alleles infrequent SFRP_CA15/16 alleles along with frequent SFRP_CA17 allelewere found to be associated with CACX development. Comparatively reduced expression (mRNA/ protein) of SFRP2 was seen in the tumor adjacent normal cervical epithelium having SFRP_CA15/16 alleles than the other alleles. This has been further validated in in vitro luciferase promoter activity assay where SFRP_CA16 repeat showed high reduced activity followed by SFRP_CA15 repeat than the other repeats.

Conclusion:
Thus, our data showed that presence of the infrequent susceptible alleles along with deletion/methylation might have synergistic effect on frequent inactivation of SFRP2 during development of CACX.
Effets de différentes doses d’engrais inorganiques sur le rendement et la performance économique du cotonnier
Authors: Kouyate Aliou Badara , Kone Souleymane , Dembele Sidiki Gabriel , Famanta Mahamoudou 
Published: February 2024

La baisse constante de la fertilité des sols est la contrainte abiotique majeure qui limite la productivité du coton au Mali. L’objectif de cette étude était d’identifier une formule de fertilisation adéquate pour la culture du coton sur sol ferrugineux tropical. Pour ce faire un dispositif factoriel en bloc randomisé complet en 3 répétitions a été installé. Le facteur étudié était la formule de fertilisation minérale avec 4 niveaux de variation. Les résultats ont montré une corrélation positive entre la hauteur des plants, le nombre de ramifications et le rendement grain avec l’apport de dose croissante de nutriments au cours des deux années de l’expérimentation. La formule de fertilisation minérale pour un rendement coton grain supérieur á 1000 kgha-1 est de 30 kgha-1 d’azote, 20 kg de P2O5 ha-1 et 20 kg de K2O ha-1 associée à une dose d’engrais organique de 2,5 t ha-1 en apport annuel est techniquement performant et économiquement rentable. Il est nécessaire de tester cette formule avec les agriculteurs pour la confirmation de son efficacité.
English title: Effects of different doses of inorganic fertilizers on cotton yield and economic performance
The steady decline in soil fertility is the major abiotic constraint that limits cotton productivity in Mali. The objective of this study was to identify an adequate fertilization formula for cotton cultivation on tropical ferruginous soil. To do this, a complete randomized block design in 3 replications was carried out. The factor studied was the mineral fertilization formula with 4 levels of variation. The results showed a positive correlation between plant height, number of branches and grain yield with the increasing dose of nutrients during the two years of the experiment. The mineral fertilization formula for cotton grain yield greater than 1000 kgha-1 is 30 kgha-1 of nitrogen, 20 kg of P2O5 ha-1 and 20 kg of K2O ha-1 associated with a rate of organic fertilizer of 2.5 t ha-1 in annual input is technically efficient and economically profitable. There is need for testing this technology further together with farmers to evaluate its effectiveness.
Adoption des semences certifiées de variétés améliorées de riz dans la région du Centre au Burkina Faso : Enjeux et défis
Authors: Zonou Bienvenu , Nacoulma Yero Roger , Guengane Rigobert , Sanogo Souleymane 
Published: February 2024

Au Burkina Faso, face au défi de la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle, les efforts de vulgarisation des semences certifiées de variétés de riz n’ont pas amélioré les rendements. L’objectif de la présente étude était d’éclairer la problématique de l’adoption de semences certifiées de variétés améliorées de riz au Burkina Faso. Les données collectées, à travers des enquêtes auprès de 163 riziculteurs, dix (10) responsables de sociétés coopératives simplifiés et cinq (05) agents d’appui-conseil de bas-fonds aménagées, ont fait l’objet d’analyses descriptives pour déterminer le taux d’adoption des semences et apprécier le niveau d’application des techniques culturales. Le modèle Logit a été utilisé pour identifier les facteurs qui influencent l’adoption. Les résultats ont montré que le taux d’adoption est de 42,9%, avec un faible niveau d’application de l’itinéraire technique. Aussi, les producteurs ont une perception favorable de l’importance des semences. L’âge, la formation, le rendement et la précocité de la variété sont les facteurs qui influencent favorablement l’adoption. L’accès difficile aux semences (52,7%), leur non disponibilité à temps (37,6%), la méconnaissance des variétés (9,7%) constituent les raisons de la non-adoption. La prise en compte des raisons citées dans les approches de diffusion pourrait améliorer le taux d’adoption des semences certifiées des variétés améliorées de riz dans cette région.

English title: Adoption of certified seed of improved rice varieties in the Centre region of Burkina Faso: Issues and challenges
In Burkina Faso, faced with the challenge of food and nutritional security, efforts to disseminate certified seed of rice varieties have not improved yields. The aim of this study was to shed light on the adoption of certified seed of improved rice varieties in Burkina Faso. The data collected through surveys of 163 rice farmers, ten (10) managers of simplified cooperative societies and five (05) advisory support agents from managed lowlands, were subjected to descriptive analyses to determine the rate of seed adoption and assess the level of application of cultivation techniques. The Logit model was used to identify the factors influencing adoption. The results showed that the adoption rate is 42.9%, with a low level of application of the technical itinerary. Also, growers have a favorable perception of the importance of seeds. Age, training, yield and earliness of the variety are the factors that favorably influence adoption. Difficult access to seed (52.7%), untimely availability (37.6%) and lack of knowledge of varieties (9.7%) are the reasons for non-adoption. Taking these reasons into account in dissemination approaches could improve the adoption rate of certified seed of improved rice varieties in this region.
Numerical Analysis of the Thermodynamic Response of a Hollow Concrete Cylinder
Authors: Akano T.T. , Onovo H.O. , Osasuyi O.S. , Alabi S.A. 
Published: February 2024

The stability and durability of concrete materials are essential factors in the construction industry. Environmental conditions, such as temperature affect the tensile strength and durability of concrete structures. This work investigates the thermodynamic behaviour of hollow cylindrical concrete using the finite element method (FEM). By deploying ANSYS®, the element mesh was created, and the temperature distribution inside the hollow cylinder was calculated. The effect of the hollowness of the concrete on its heat absorption is determined. The findings demonstrate that the temperature profiles changed radially throughout the concrete thickness. Moreover, it was discovered that the temperature distribution was impacted by the airflow into the cylinder. The numerical experiment in this study was essential in providing a comprehensive understanding of the behaviour of the concrete, particularly when exposed to higher heating rates. This study contributes to the knowledge of the performance and stability of concrete materials. It also demonstrates that the hollowness of the concrete enhances its heat-shielding performance. Furthermore, the inflow of air into the cylinder affects the temperature distribution, with a higher influx of air resulting in lower temperatures. These findings can be utilised to develop appropriate measures to enhance the performance and durability of concrete structures.
Implementation of School Safety Policy in Primary and Secondary Schools
Authors: Masekela Ngoako Alfred , Ngobeni Elias Tsakane , Sepeng Percy 
Published: February 2024

The educational environment within schools serves as a conduit for achieving the educational goals and objectives of each country. Research conducted over a period suggests that effective teaching and learning can only occur in a safe and secure environment. Yet, even with existing laws, policies, regulations, and programs on school safety, teachers and learners face persistent threats to their safety both inside and outside the school grounds in Naboomspruit Circuit Schools. This study examined the implementation of school safety policies in primary and secondary schools within the Naboomspruit circuit in the Waterberg District in Limpopo Province. The study population consisted of principals, teachers, school governing body members, and learners from five (5) schools within Naboomspruit circuit. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, including two schools from quintiles 1 to 3 (representing poor communities), two schools from quintiles 4 to 5 (representing affluent communities), and one combined school covering grades 1 to 12. The study's key features encompassed evidence-based practices to address school safety challenges. Codes were employed to protect the identities of participants and schools involved in the study. The study's trustworthiness was assessed through criteria like credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The study findings revealed that schools partially implemented school safety policies, often without communicating them to learners and/or stakeholders. The study concluded by offering recommendations for addressing school safety challenges, grounded in contextual factors. The findings and recommendations are relevant to education managers, NGOs, parents and stakeholders who possess full or partial interest in the field of education or school safety.