bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of in vivo function of human parathyroid tissue autografts by in vitro testing
Authors: Brennan Murray F. , Brown Edward M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn an effort to overcome problems of hypoparathyroidism in patients undergoing reoperation for persistent hyperparathyroidism, a systematic plan has been evolved. All patients who have reoperation and in whom abnormal tissue has been identified have had that tissue removed and portions of it cryopreserved. Following successful reoperation those patients who have prolonged hypoparathyroidism, who cannot be maintained off of vitamin D and calcium, undergo autografting with cryopreserved tissue. Prior to autografting, the parathyroid tissue has been thawed and assessed for the appropriateness of parathyroid hormone suppressibility in response to varying levels of ambient calcium concentration. This report documents that this in vitro test of suppressibility correctly predicts in vivo parathyroid autograft function of both fresh and cryopreserved parathyroid autografts.
Excretion of clindamycin in bile in common duct obstruction
Authors: Moesgaard Flemming , Lykkegaard Nielsen Mogens , Scheibel Jens H. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractExcretion of clindamycin in normal bile and in bile from the obstructed common bile duct was investigated in 27 patients after intravenous administration of 8 mg/kg clindamycin phosphate. In 9 control patients with a normal common duct, a median clindamycin concentration in bile of 44 µg/ml was found 2 hours after administration, which was 7–8 fold higher than simultaneously determined concentrations in serum. In 18 patients with common duct obstruction, a significant correlation was found between concentration of clindamycin in bile and degree of obstruction expressed by the level of bilirubin in serum (rho = 0.94,p<0.001). Significant amounts of clindamycin were found in common duct bile even in the presence of severe obstruction with pronounced jaundice.
Progress report on the continent ileostomy
Authors: Kock Nils G. , Myrvold Helge E. , Nilsson Lars O. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn this paper, our 11 years of experience with the continent ileostomy is reported. Follow‐up was conducted in 280 patients with a continent ileostomy, and the results were analyzed. There was a 2.5% operative mortality rate overall, but in the last 118 consecutive patients, no operative deaths occurred. The incidence of early postoperative complications was 17% overall, and 27% in the group of patients with Crohn's disease. After modification of the operative technique, the incidence of spontaneous nipple valve desinvagination has decreased and the incidence of revisional surgery because of malfunction of the nipple valve has been reduced from 54% to 32%. Thirteen reservoirs have been removed, 5 inpatients with ulcerative colitis (2%) and 8 in patients with Crohn's disease (16%). Recurrence of Crohn's disease has occurred in 17 of 49 patients. The recurrences were confined to the ileal segment proximal to the reservoir in 6 patients, to the reservoir only in 5 patients, and to both the reservoir and the distal ileum in 6 patients. In 14 of these patients, surgical removal of diseased gut has been performed. There were 257 patients left for evaluation of the functional results. Of 29 patients from the early series without a nipple valve, 25 never used ileostomy appliances. Of 228 patients with a nipple valve, 221 (97%) were continent. The continent ileostomy procedure previously has been afflicted with high early and late complication rates. With growing experience and the introduction of methodologic modifications, the incidence of complications has been markedly reduced and, in most patients, complete continence has been achieved.
Autografts of normal and hyperplastic human parathyroid: Experience in eleven patients with immunoassay monitoring of function in seven
Authors: Raaf John H. , Samaan Naguib , Hickey Robert C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractParathyroid autografts were implanted in 11 patients at this institution. Four patients had total or subtotal parathyroidectomy and implantation for parathyroid hyperplasia or adenoma, while 7 had one or more parathyroids removed and implanted during total thyroidectomy for carcinoma of the thyroid. Hyperplastic parathyroid was implanted in 4 instances and normal parathyroid in 7. Recurrent hyperparathyroidism occurred in 1 patient with an implanted adenoma who was returned to a normocalcemic state by partial reexcision (“titration”) of the implanted tissue.All implants were placed in muscle pockets, a single site being used for patients receiving normal parathyroid tissue, and multiple sites for patients receiving hyperplastic glands. Those patients receiving forearm implants were followed up by serial parathyroid hormone determinations in venous blood drawn from both arms. In all cases, elevated levels were found on the implanted side, as compared to the contralateral control side.
Progress in transfusion therapy and treatment of bleeding problems in aortic aneurysm surgery
Authors: Worthington Marion M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBlood transfusion for extensive cardiovascular procedures differs from one center to another depending on the local donor supply and the regional philosophy of efficient utilization. Our initial experience was obtained with the exclusive use of whole blood, no other products being available. Some centers still rely heavily on this, or on modified whole blood. Others use a variable number of units of whole blood, followed by specific hemocomponents that may be limited in supply. Since 1976, we have used the specific component therapy approach to supply all patient needs, including those associated with cardiovascular surgery. Our success depends as much on surgical skill, teamwork, and excellent communication as on the rapid availability of an adequate supply of hemocomponents. When problems occur during or after operation, immediate consultation with the blood bank staff and the availability of excellent technical and consultative expertise in blood coagulation are invaluable in the rapid restoration of the jeopardized patient.
Progress in treatment of ascending aortic aneurysms due to dissection, arteriosclerosis, or cystic medial degeneration
Authors: Kouchoukos Nicholas T. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe recent results of surgical treatment of ascending aortic aneurysms caused by dissection, arteriosclerosis, or cystic medial degeneration are reviewed. Important technical advances and the various techniques currently employed are examined. Recent improvements in the results of surgical treatment of acute dissections have resulted in a more aggressive surgical approach with early operative intervention. For patients with cystic medial degeneration treated by supracoronary graft replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic valve replacement, late development of aneuryms of the sinuses of Valsalva suggests that composite graft replacement to exclude the aortic sinuses may be the preferred method of treatment.
Treatment of acute and chronic traumatic rupture of the descending thoracic aorta
Authors: Williams Thomas E. , Vasko John S. , Kakos Gerard S. , Cattaneo Stephen M. , Meckstroth Charles V. , Kilman James W. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTechniques have undergone much change since the first successful repair of an acute traumatic rupture of the descending thoracic aorta was performed by Klassen at our hospital in 1959. It is interesting that we are returning to the techniques which worked so well in that case. Using this approach, which involves virtual elimination of the use of cardiopulmonary bypass, and evaluating each patient individually for the use of a shunt, we have reduced our mortality rate from 61% (8 deaths among 13 patients) during the period 1959–1974, to 6% (1 death among 17 patients) in the last 5 years. We believe that these data confirm the validity of this approach in the management of acute blunt descending thoracic aortic rupture. Prevention of spinal cord ischemia has become the primary concern for continuing clinical and laboratory investigation.
Use of topical rectal therapy to preserve the rectum in surgery of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Gallone Luigi , Olmi Luciano , Marchetti Vincenzo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractColectomy with ileorectal anastomosis was performed in 27 patients affected by ulcerative colitis during the period 1969–1977. In 23 the presence of proctitis required topical rectal therapy to prepare the rectum for ileoproctostomy. Topical use of corticosteroids and sulfasalazine by daily retention enemas caused a regression of proctitis and allowed a safe ileorectal anastomosis. After the surgical procedure, protective treatment of the rectal mucosa was continued for life with minimal dosages of the same drugs by daily enemas. Dexamethasone and 6‐methylprednisolone in saline solution proved to be suitable corticosteroids for topical use and produced no undesirable long‐term side effects. In some patients the steroids were replaced by sulfasalazine per rectum in a daily maintenance dosage. This method of rectal care after colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis prevented relapses of proctitis and kept the rectal mucosa in good condition during follow‐up periods of 1 to 9 years. The safety of the topical treatment is directly related to performance of proctoscopic examinations at regular intervals. Provided these conditions are satisfied, colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis should be the standard surgical treatment of ulcerative proctocolitis.
Ultrasound elasticity imaging
Authors: Svensson W. E. , Amiras D. 
Published: May 2006

Before the advent of diagnostic imaging, palpation was one of the main methods of clinical investigation for the evaluation of tumours. Malignant tumours feel harder that benign ones and this physical property is related to their coefficient of elasticity. Direct comparison of tissue images before and after application of a force is too crude a measure of elasticity except at extremes of differences in elasticity. Analysis of the raw imaging data, which contains very much more information than can be displayed for visual perception, can detect very much smaller differences in elasticity.The radio frequency data of returning ultrasound echoes contain much more data than appears in an ultrasound image. Comparison, of the datasets of uncompressed tissue with compressed tissue, of a region of interest allows production of a strain (elasticity) image of that same region of interest. Change in tissue which is not visible on B-mode (greyscale) imaging can now be detected with real time strain imaging which is beginning to be developed on commercial ultrasound equipment. The information obtained with strain/elasticity imaging is now showing potential in influencing management of patients with breast problems.
Differential modulation of NR1‐NR2A and NR1‐NR2B subtypes of NMDA receptor by PDZ domain‐containing proteins
Authors: Iwamoto Takashi , Yamada Yasue , Hori Kei , Watanabe Yoshifumi , Sobue Kenji , Inui Makoto 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe PSD‐95/Dlg/ZO‐1 (PDZ) domain‐containing proteins MALS and PSD‐95 localize to post‐synaptic densities and bind the COOH‐termini of NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptor. The effects of MALS‐2 and PSD‐95 on the channel activity of NMDA receptors were compared using the Xenopus oocyte expression system. Both MALS‐2 and PSD‐95 increased the current response of the NR1‐NR2B receptor to l‐glutamate. In contrast, the current response of the NR1‐NR2A receptor was increased by PSD‐95 but not by MALS‐2. MALS‐2 had no effect either on the potentiation of NR1‐NR2A or NR1‐NR2B channel activity by protein kinase C, or on Src‐mediated potentiation of NR1‐NR2A activity, whereas PSD‐95 almost completely inhibited the effects of these protein kinases. Construction of chimeras of MALS‐2 and PSD‐95 revealed that the first two PDZ domains and two NH2‐terminal cysteine residues are essential for the inhibitory effects of PSD‐95 on protein kinase C‐mediated potentiation of NR1‐NR2A and NR1‐NR2B channel activity, respectively. The second of the three PDZ domains of PSD‐95 was required for its inhibition of Src‐mediated potentiation of NR1‐NR2A activity. These results indicate that the NR1‐NR2A and NR1‐NR2B receptors are modulated differentially by MALS‐2 and PSD‐95, and that similar regulatory effects of PSD‐95 on these receptors are achieved by distinct mechanisms.
The neuronal SAPK/JNK pathway is altered in a murine model of hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Robert Karine , Santiard‐Baron Dominique , Chassé Jean‐Francois , Paly Evelyne , Aupetit Joelle , Kamoun Pierre , London Jacqueline , Janel Nathalie 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDeficiency in cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) leads to high plasma homocysteine concentrations and causes hyperhomocysteinemia, a common risk factor for vascular disease, stroke and possibly neurodegenerative diseases. Various neuronal diseases have been associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, but the molecular mechanisms of homocysteine toxicity are unknown. We investigated the pathways involved in the pathological process, by analyzing differential gene expression in neuronal tissues. We used a combination of differential display and cDNA arrays to identify genes differentially expressed during hyperhomocysteinemia in brain of CBS‐deficient mice. In this murine model of hyperhomocysteinemia, both plasma and brain homocysteine concentrations were high. Several genes were found to be differentially expressed in the brains of CBS‐deficient mice, and the identities of some of these genes suggested that the SAPK/JNK pathway was altered in the brains of CBS‐deficient mice. We therefore investigated the activation of proteins involved in the SAPK/JNK cascade. JNK and c‐Jun were activated in the hippocampal neurones of CBS‐deficient mice, suggesting that the SAPK/JNK pathway may play an important role in the development of neuronal defects associated with hyperhomocysteinemia.
Lipid rafts identified as locations of ectodomain shedding mediated by Meltrin β/ADAM19
Authors: Wakatsuki Shuji , Kurisaki Tomohiro , Sehara‐Fujisawa Atsuko 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMeltrin β (Mel β, also called ADAM19) is a member of the ADAM (adisintegrin and metalloprotease) family, which are membrane‐anchored glycoproteins that play crucial roles in various biological processes. Many intercellular signaling molecules are membrane‐anchored proteins, which are proteolytically processed after becoming membrane‐bound, to liberate their extracellular domains (ectodomain shedding). Genetic and biochemical studies have shown that some ADAMs participate in these events. We found previously that Mel β can cleave the extracellular region of the membrane‐anchored β‐exon‐containing Neuregulin‐1 (NRG β1) protein, which is one of the main ligands for the neural ErbB receptor. Mel β‐deficient mice showed developmental defects in the nervous system. These observations raise the possibility that the NRG ectodomain shedding mediated by Mel β is closely related to the neural development. Here we show that Mel β‐mediated ectodomain shedding of NRG β1 takes place in the lipid rafts of neurons. The lipid rafts localization of Mel β requires its membrane‐anchoring region, and NRG β1 ectodomain shedding is not enhanced if Mel β cannot reach the lipid rafts. These results indicate that localization of Mel β in lipid rafts is critical for its ectodomain shedding.
PIP3 is involved in neuronal polarization and axon formation
Authors: Ménager Céline , Arimura Nariko , Fukata Yuko , Kaibuchi Kozo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractRecent experiments in various cell types such as mammalian neutrophils and Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae point to a key role for the lipid product of PI 3‐kinase, PIP3, in determining internal polarity. In neurons, as a consequence of the elongation of one neurite, the axon is specified and the cell acquires its polarity. To test the hypothesis that PI 3‐kinase and PIP3 may play a role in neuronal polarity, and especially in axon specification, we observed localization of PIP3 visualized by Akt‐PH‐GFP in developing hippocampal neurons. We found that PIP3 accumulates in the tip of the growing processes. This accumulation is inhibited by addition of PI 3‐kinase inhibitors. Those inhibitors, consistently with a role of PIP3 in process formation and elongation, delay the transition from stage 1 neurons to stage 3 neurons, and both axon formation and elongation. Moreover, when the immature neurite contacts a bead coated with laminin, a substrate known to induce axon specification, PIP3 accumulates in its growth cone followed by a rapid elongation of the neurite. In such conditions, the addition of PI 3‐kinase inhibitors inhibits both PIP3 accumulation and future axon elongation. These results suggest that PIP3 is involved in axon specification, possibly by stimulating neurite outgrowth. In addition, when a second neurite contacted the beads, this neurite rapidly elongates whereas the elongation of the first laminin‐contacting neurite stops, consistently with the hypothesis of a negative feedback mechanism from the growing future axon to the other neurites.
Motivations for methamphetamine cessation among young people in northern Thailand
Authors: German Danielle , Sherman Susan G. , Sirirojn Bangorn , Thomson Nick , Aramrattana Apinun , Celentano David D. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTAim  To understand factors influencing cessation intentions among young Thai methamphetamine (MA) users, a population with dramatically increasing rates of MA use.Design and participants  A total of 48 in‐depth interviews conducted between March 2002 and January 2003 with current and recent MA users aged 15–29 years.Setting  Chiang Mai city and surrounding district, Thailand.Measurement  Interviews addressed family history, drug use patterns and influences, cessation history, drug treatment experiences and sexual behavior. Data were analyzed inductively using the constant comparative method common to grounded theory methods. Atlas‐ti was used for data management.Findings  Cessation intentions were motivated by a range of internal and external influences, including attitudes towards continued MA use shaped by recognition of negative impact on self and others; influence of family, peers, partners and community stigma; perceptions on cessation and drug treatment; and external facilitators and situational barriers, such as extensive peer pressure and drug availability. In most cases, multiple factors operated simultaneously. Some variation according to duration of use and treatment status was observed.Conclusions  Evidence‐based interventions addressing MA use among Thai young people are urgently needed. These data support the continuation of evidence‐based drug treatment at levels adequate to address the population need and implementation a multi‐faceted approach that aims to enhance identified cessation influences in this population and minimize contextual barriers to cessation.
Flux and stability: individual fluctuations, regression towards the mean and collective changes in alcohol consumption
Authors: Skog Ole‐Jørgen , Rossow Ingeborg 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTAim  First, to extend the predictions of the collectivity theory of drinking cultures to contexts of ordinary panel data, thereby integrating collective change and individual fluctuations in consumption. Secondly, to develop a technique for controlling the regression towards the mean effect, in order to estimate the pattern of individual change, net of this effect.Design  The task is, first and foremost, to develop a theoretical model, guided by earlier contributions and empirical results. The applicability of the model is illustrated through re‐analyses of panel data on annual intake of alcoholic beverages from the Finnish alcohol reform in 1968–69, and Norwegian panel data from 1975 to 1976.Findings  The model offers a reasonable fit to the data. It is demonstrated that a previous attempt at controlling the regression effect has overlooked a methodological complication, and therefore underestimates the real change.Conclusion  Analysis of the Finnish data demonstrates that the large increase in average consumption was due to approximately the same percentage‐wise increase in the consumption level of drinkers at all levels, when the regression effect was controlled for. Thus, in absolute terms the increase was largest among the heavier drinkers.
Treatment with a thiazolidinedione increases eye protrusion in a subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dorkhan Mozhgan , Lantz Mikael , Frid Anders , Groop Leif , Hallengren Bengt 
Published: May 2006

SummaryObjective  Changes in eye protrusion in patients treated with pioglitazone.Design  Open‐label prospective.Patients  Thirty‐six patients with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c ≥ 6·5% were included in a study where pioglitazone was added to current therapy with metformin and sulphonylurea.Measurements  The degree of eye protrusion before and 26 weeks after treatment with pioglitazone was measured using Krahn's exophthalmometer.Results  Thirteen patients (group A) exhibited an increase of ≥ 2 mm and 23 patients (group B) exhibited an increase of < 2 mm (P between groups = 0·036). Patients of group A vs. group B had the same BMI, HbA1c and mean doses of pioglitazone, but had lower levels (mean ± SD) of adiponectin in µg/ml at the start (4·9 ± 2·1) vs. (7·1 ± 2·5), P = 0·017 and at the end of study (10·2 ± 4) vs. (14·9 ± 5), P = 0·007. Patients with thyroid disturbance were more frequent in group A (five vs. one), P = 0·02. In a logistic regression analysis, thyroid disturbance, low adiponectin levels and pioglitazone dose predicted a significant change in eye protrusion.Conclusions  A subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pioglitazone responded with increased eye protrusion. This subgroup showed decreased plasma concentration of adiponectin and more frequent thyroid disturbance, and was treated with higher doses of pioglitazone. The relationship between insulin resistance, thyroid disturbance and thiazolidinedione‐induced eye protrusion should be further studied.
Circadian hydrocortisone infusions in patients with adrenal insufficiency and congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Merza Z. , Rostami‐Hodjegan A. , Memmott A. , Doane A. , Ibbotson V. , Newell‐Price J. , Tucker G. T. , Ross R. J. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryObjective  Conventional hydrocortisone therapy in adrenal insufficiency cannot provide physiological replacement. We have explored the potential of circadian delivery of hydrocortisone as proof of concept for such therapy delivered in modified‐release tablet formulation.Methods  We investigated whether the circadian intravenous infusion of hydrocortisone could improve control of ACTH and androgen levels. Two healthy subjects, two patients with Addison's disease and two patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) were studied.Results  In patients on thrice daily oral hydrocortisone, peak serum cortisol levels were higher than in normal subjects and overnight levels were very low. Patients had very high plasma ACTH levels before their morning dose of hydrocortisone, both at the beginning and at the end of their conventional oral therapy: mean ± SEM 311·8 ± 123·2 and 311·2 ± 85·4 ng/l, respectively. In the patients with CAH, serum 17‐hydroxyprogesterone levels were also elevated: 550 and 642 nmol/l at the beginning and 550 and 777 nmol/l at the end of conventional treatment, respectively. The overall 24‐h mean cortisol levels were similar for conventional oral hydrocortisone and the circadian infusion. At 0700 h, ACTH levels were much higher on conventional treatment than after circadian infusion: mean ± SEM 311·2 ± 85·4 vs. 70·5 ± 45·0 ng/l, respectively (P < 0·05). The same pattern was observed in 17‐hydroxyprogesterone levels, which were 550 and 777 nmol/l after conventional treatment and 3 and 64 nmol/l after circadian infusion.Conclusions  In patients with poor biochemical control of Addison's disease and CAH, a 24‐h circadian infusion of hydrocortisone can decrease morning ACTH and 17‐hydroxyprogesterone levels to near normal.