bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Brevicoryne brassicae on Indian Rape with Soil-applied Insecticides
Authors: Hameed S. F. , Adlakha R. L. , Giamzo S. P. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThree systemic insecticide granules, viz. carbofuran, phorate and disulfoton, were applied at 1·0, 1·5 and 2·0 kg ai/ha on 16 January, 16 February and 16 March 1973 against Brevicoryne brassicae Linn. on Indian rape plants (Brassica campestris var. sarson) in the Kulu valley, Himachal Pradesh, India. The results showed that phorate at 2·0 kg/ha, followed by disulfoton, applied on 16 February, gave effective control of the pest and were reasonably persistent. None of the granules were phytotoxic but these treatments increased crop yields.
Effects of Potash Fertilizers on Sweet Potato in Sierra Leone
Authors: Godfrey-Sam-Aggrey W. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of frequency of potash fertilizer application and of different rates on sweet potato yields were studied in three different cropping systems on Njala upland soils. Fertilizers containing higher K rates (448 kg/ha sulphate of potash) and an N/K ratio of 3:4, gave maximum tuber and low vine yields with low vine/tuber ratios on intensively cropped areas, whereas fertilizers containing lower K rates (112 kg/ha sulphate of potash) and an N/K ratio of 3:1 gave maximum but relatively low tuber and relatively high vine yields, with relatively high vine/tuber ratios on newly cropped areas after seven years bush fallow. Two equal split applications of fertilizer is recommended under the weather conditions prevailing in this part of Sierra Leone.
Further Trials of Pearl Lupins in England
Authors: Masefield G. B. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYFollowing preliminary work in the previous year, further field trials were carried out with strains of the pearl lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) at Oxford, England. Two strains originating in Argentina and one in Bolivia were considered to show promise for development as crop plants in England if toxic alkaloids can be bred out of them. The seeds harvested had a crude protein content from 38·6 to 41·8% and an oil content from 13·1 to 14·4%. Advice is given, based on these trials, on sowing date and spacing.
Storage of Fresh Cassava (Manihot esculenta). I. Post-Harvest Deterioration and its Control
Authors: Booth Robert H. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe rapid post-harvest deterioration of cassava roots, which usually prevents their storage in the fresh state for more than a few days, is poorly understood. Two types of deterioration are defined, namely primary, shown by internal root discoloration, and secondary, caused largely by wound pathogens. Information is presented on the influence of such factors as mechanical damage and plant cultivar upon the development of the two types. Control of primary, and a reduction in secondary, deterioration is achieved during a curing process, but none of the chemical treatments examined gave consistent practical control of deterioration.
Ureaform as a Nitrogen Fertilizer for Bananas
Authors: Hadas Aviva , Peled A. , Kafkafi U. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYUreaform, applied twice a year, in early spring and late summer, was compared with poultry manure and (NH4)2SO4 top dressings as nitrogen suppliers in a banana plantation. No significant differences between the treatments were obtained in any of the plant criteria, but nitrate concentrations in the soil were higher in the ureaform treatment at the standard nitrogen level than in the standard treatment, within the root zone as well as below it. The spring application of ureaform affected the nitrate concentration in soil for 8 months and was better utilized by the crop than the autumn application, which left a greater residual effect. It therefore seemed that one spring application might be sufficient to meet the banana's nitrogen requirement.
Effect of Micronutrients on Pepper (Capsicum annum) Grown in Peat Soil under Greenhouse and Field Conditions
Authors: Navrot J. , Levin I. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYA study was made of the effect of micronutrients such as boron, copper, zinc, manganese and iron, applied as foliar spray or directly to peat soil, on growth and yields of pepper under greenhouse and field conditions. Combinations of micronutrients were applied in two forms, as salts or as chelates. Results showed positive effects on yield and quality of red pepper, and soil chemical tests substantiated the results.
Characteristics of High Yielding Cassava Varieties
Authors: Cock James H. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYForty different cultivars of cassava were grown in unreplicated plots at a plant population of 20,000 plants/ha in fertile soil. Harvests were taken at 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months after planting 18 varieties. The characteristics of the two highest yielding varieties, M Colombia 113 (66 t/ha) and M Colombia 22 (32 t/ha), were compared with the other types. M Colombia 22 is an early type (25 t/ha after 6 months) with a very high harvest index; M Colombia 113 yields little better than average 6 months after planting. High yield is associated with a balance between leaf production and root production, so that leaf area index does not decline excessively in the later growth stages. Changing canopy structure is unlikely to increase yields.
The Conduct of ‘Post-Mortems’ on Concluded Field Trials
Authors: Pearce S. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe design of field trials sometimes raises queries (which often go unanswered) about alternative designs and the best ways of allowing for environmental variation in the area allotted to the experiment. It is shown how recent developments in iterative methods for working out analyses of variance make possible the determination of error for systems of blocks other than the one actually used, and also for the row-and-column case. Some suggestions are also made for judging the error to be expected if plots were made larger.
Trials of Spraying and Cultural Practices on Cotton in Uganda. II. Use of Extended Protection
Authors: Davies J. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYTrials are described comparing the effects of applying four, eight and 12 sprays of various insecticides on control of Heliothis armigera Hub, and Earias biplaga Wlk., and the consequent effect on yield and quality of seed cotton produced. Yields of unsprayed cotton ranged from 300–900 kg/ha, while four sprays of DDT gave 1000–1200 kg/ha. Increasing the number of sprays to 12, using three insecticides (DDT, endosulfan and carbaryl) gave increments of 300–600 kg/ha over the standard four spray treatment. Eight sprays gave smaller but significant yield increases, and endosulfan, dicrotophos and carbaryl were particularly promising in such regimes. A mixed DDT/phenthoate spray was not superior to DDT used alone. Spraying reduced the percentage of stained cotton.
Irrigated Forage Production under Extreme Arid Zone Conditions in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Farnworth J. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYSince 1970 the University College of North Wales, in co-operation with the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Agriculture and Water, has been investigating the potential for forage production in all-year-round irrigated conditions in Saudi Arabia, and the principal results of the first 4 years of field experiments are discussed. Both temperate and tropical annual forages as well as perennial species were tested, and generally produced high yields with high nutritional value. Fertilizer responses and different management practices were evaluated and their relevance to the development of systems of forage production are discussed.
Effect of Molybdenum on Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. Var Botrytis) in Sand Nutrient Culture
Authors: Singh K. P. , Rajput C. B. S. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYOne ppm molybdenum produced the greatest height, fresh and dry weight per plant; number, fresh and dry weight of leaves; diameter, length, fresh and dry weight of stem; length, fresh and dry weight of roots; yield and yield-attributing characters (height, diameter, fresh and dry weight of curd), and N content of component parts of cauliflower plants (curd, leaf, stem and root). The lowest values for these characters were obtained in the control (nil Mo). Reducing and non-reducing sugars and vitamin C (ascorbic acid) were favourably enhanced (0·5 ppm Mo). The lowest values for sugars and ascorbic acid were observed under 1·0 ppm and nil Mo respectively. The quadratic response curve was drawn in terms of fresh weight of curd and rates of molybdenum application.
Effects of Lime and Lime-Pelleted Seed on Legume Establishment and Growth in South Brazil
Authors: Elkins D. M. , Olsen F. J. , Gower E. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYStudies of seed pelleting and liming for legume establishment at initial low pH levels in prepared seedbed and natural pasture situations were conducted in 1971 and 1972 at Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Lime-pelleted seed often improved establishment and increased subsequent dry matter herbage yield of soybeans, greenleaf desmodium, and perennial soybeans at low pH levels (4·8 and 4·9) and low lime rates. Applying agricultural lime at rates up to 6 t/ha generally improved legume establishment and herbage yields on prepared land or in disked natural grass sod, compared to unlimed areas.
Effects of Cycocel on Crop Plants in Sierra Leone II. Cassava (Manihot Esculenta)
Authors: Das Gupta D. K. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe response of cassava to CCC was investigated by applying concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm twice or four times as a foliar spray, which resulted in a significantly greater tuber yield than the control with most marked effects at the final harvest. CCC at 1500 ppm, applied four times at various growth stages, gave the best increase in tuber yield. Application of CCC tended to cause greater RGR and dry matter content (percentage) of tubers.
Mechanical Dehydration of Potato Tubers
Authors: Carruthers I. B. , Pirie N. W. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYMechanical disintegration seems to be the most effective way of damaging the cells in potato tubers so that their juice can be expressed. If disintegration is too intense the pulp is intractable; a grater makes a uniform pulp with suitable texture. With existing continuous equipment it is necessary to press in two stages to get to 40% dry matter and further batch pressing is needed to get to 50%, but experience suggests it should be possible to make a press that would press to > 50% in one operation. Much less energy is needed to press out water rather than evaporate it, but about one-sixth of the tuber dry matter and more than one-half of the N is in the juice.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizers on Yields of Proteins Extracted from Seven Crops
Authors: Mungikar A. M. , Batra Usha Rani , Tekale N. S. , Joshi R. N. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe yields of extractable protein, and its rates of production, were measured with seven crops given large dressings of nitrogen, which produced lush plants with small fibre to juice ratios, increased the nitrogen content (as percentage of dry matter) in five species, improved the extractability of protein N in three, and gave significant increases in both dry matter and protein yields of non-legumes. However, yields were affected more by climate than by the N fertilizer. It is felt that non-legumes given large dressings of fertilizer N, as well as leguminous fodders, could be used efficiently if their excess protein was extracted and used for human consumption.
Growth and Sugar Accumulation of Sugarcane
Authors: MacColl Donald 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe relations between sugar content and certain features of growth were followed in 16 sugarcane varieties during two crops. High sugar content was promoted by the absence of tillering during cane elongation, by a high leaf blade to joint weight ratio, by a long phyllochron, and perhaps slightly by a long life span of leaves. To combine high yield with high sugar content it is important to have a high tiller number early in growth, which appears to be promoted by delayed onset of cane elongation, small initial leaf size, and an upright leaf habit. To combine a small initial leaf size with a high leaf blade/joint weight ratio during elongation requires a large increase of leaf size during growth.
Growth and Development of Short and Long Season Sweet Potatoes in Sub-Tropical Australia
Authors: Huett D. O. , O'Neill G. H. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe growth and development of a short-season sweet potato (Nemagold) and a long-season cultivar (White Maltese) were compared quantitatively in sub-tropical Australia and also with growth data for Nemagold in a temperate environment. Total and storage root dry matter production (DMP) followed autocatalytic equations, with similar whole plant DMP from planting to week 25 for both cultivars but plateauing (at 90% of asymptotic weight) at week 23 for Nemagold (448 g) with favourable temperatures and at week 38 for White Maltese (813 g) when temperatures were unfavourable. Storage root DMP of Nemagold plateaued at week 23 (246 g) and at week 36 (219 g) for White Maltese. Data are given on other attributes and on phasic development.
Effects of Spacing on Cowpea Genotypes in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Erskine W. , Khan T. N. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of populations of 33,000–250,000 plants/ha on growth and grain yield of two cowpea genotypes of bush growth habit was studied in lowland Papua New Guinea. The optimum economic seed rate seems to be 100,000 plants/ha; increasing the plant population decreased pods/plant and lateral branch development, but increased seed number/pod. Genotype UV.53 yielded more than UV.19 due to a combination of all three yield components, and a large dry weight. Growth analysis showed that treatment effects were mediated by differences in growth between 8 weeks and harvest.
Relation between Flag Leaf, Yield of Grain and Yield Components in Wheat
Authors: Chowdhry A. Rehman , Saleem M. , Alam Khurshid 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYPhenotypic correlation coefficients of flag leaf blade length, breadth and sheath length with plant height, grain yield and its components were computed in four wheat varieties and their ten F2 crosses. Flag leaf sheath length was positively related to plant height, grain yield and its components in almost all the populations, but little or no such relation occurred with flag leaf blade length and breadth in most cases. The data suggested the possibility of selecting plants with longer flag leaf sheaths, with obvious yield advantage.
Simulation of Intraseasonal Yield Fluctuations of Tea in Malawi
Authors: Fordham R. , Palmer-Jones R. W. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYConcentration of tea yields in Malawi into regular successive peaks within the main growing season is the cause of severe economic problems. A model of the causes of these peaks has been developed and its explanatory power is confirmed in the light of empirical tests of its component parts and predictions. A computer version of the model is presented and its predictive power demonstrated. Use of the model to explore relations between weather and yields is discussed, with indications of its limitations for this purpose.
Growth and Sugar Accumulation of Sugarcane. II. Dry Weight Increments and Estimates of Assimilation Rate
Authors: MacColl Donald 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYIncrements of fibre, sucrose and reducing sugars per cane were estimated for 12 varieties of sugarcane for successive periods in plant and ratoon crops. Sucrose production increased only as that of fibre and reducing sugars fell. Dry matter production per unit fresh weight of leaf blade was negatively correlated with an estimate of gram days of leaf per gram fresh weight of cane. In a further study the net assimilation rate of one variety was found to remain fairly constant over a period of six months at 0·55g/dm2/week. It is suggested that breeding should seek to reduce leaf area ratio while maintaining sucrose percentage cane.
Physiology of Grain Yield in Groundnuts (Arachis hypogea)
Authors: Enyi B. A. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYDodoma Edible outyielded Natal Common groundnut, due to varietal effects associated with differences in pod number, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, number of grains/pod and m2, and weight of individual grain. Increase in plant density led to an increase in grain yield. There was a close and positive relation between stem and pod dry weight; grain yield and leaf area duration; and crop growth rate, grain yield and grain number/m2of land surface. A greater proportion of total dry matter was diverted into the stems of Dodoma Edible than Natal Common.
A Simple Unit for Extracting Leaf Protein in Bulk
Authors: Pirie N. W. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe unit is a greatly simplified screw expeller, modified so that the crop is thoroughly rubbed to liberate juice before the charge moves into the part of the unit in which pressure is applied. The throughput of the model described here is 2 kg of crop per minute; power consumption is about 400 W. The unit weighs 40 kg, but larger ones, operating on the same principles, could be made.
Relative Efficiency of the Latin Square Design
Authors: Abou-el-Fittouh H. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe efficiency of the Latin square design relative to the completely randomized and the randomized complete block designs is expressed in the form (A+BF) where F is a variance ratio (or the sum of two ratios). The constants A and B are evaluated, and lines showing relative efficiencies for given F values are drawn for the 5 × 5, 6 × 6, 7 × 7 and 8 × 8 Latin squares.
Economics of Sole Crop Cowpea Production in Nigeria at the Farmer's Level using Improved Practices
Authors: Hays H. M. , Raheja A. K. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThis paper reports results of a study to investigate the problem of introducing an improved technological package into the farming system in one area of northern Nigeria. It examines the economic and technical feasibility, as well as the social acceptability to the farmer, of growing sole cowpea given his environment and constraints. Studies of this nature are important as they provide insight into the problems farmers experience with improved technologies and thus represent one way of determining how to narrow the gap between yields farmers obtain and those obtainable at the research station level.
Growth and Sugar Accumulation of Sugarcane. III. Development of Commercial Clones and their Progenies in Single Row Plots
Authors: MacColl Donald 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYIn short clonal rows of sugarcane the mean weight of adjacent rows contributed significantly to the variance of row weight, mainly because some clones could increase their cane number at the expense of slow-tillering clones. Weight per cane and sugar content were unaffected by competition. Significant correlations were found between sugar content and (a) the rate of leaf appearance, (b) the ratio of fresh weight of leaf blade to fresh weight of joint, and (c) fibre as a percentage of cane fresh weight.
Effect of Seedling Age at Transplanting on Rice in Saline-Sodic Soils of NW India
Authors: Shahi H. N. , Gill P. S. , Singh Nathu , Thind I. S. , Maskina M. S. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYExperiments conducted on saline-sodic soils during 1972 and 1973 showed that delay in transplanting medium-duration dwarf high-yielding varieties like Jaya beyond 20 July caused substantial reductions in grain yield, but there was no depression in yield of such varieties even if 55 day old seedlings were used for transplanting at normal times. Older seedlings gave very high yields compared with younger counterparts at late transplantings. Fifty-five day old seedlings took about two weeks less to mature compared with ones planted when 25 days old.
Studies in Mixed Cropping. II. Population Pressures in Maize–Bean Mixtures
Authors: Fisher N. M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYAn experiment at the Kabete Field Station of the University of Nairobi compared maize–bean mixtures with pure stands of the two crops at three plant densities. Although the mixtures gave an apparent yield advantage over pure stands, this could be explained solely by the increased population pressure in the mixtures. The implication of this finding for other published work with cereal–legume mixtures is discussed, and a distinction is drawn between those sites in East Africa where a conclusive yield advantage from mixed cropping has been found and those where any apparent advantage might be explained by the higher population pressure.
Effects of Genotype and Rainfall on Forage Oats in a Semi-arid Region
Authors: Hadjichristodoulou A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThere were significant differences in dry matter yield among five forage oat varieties tested at ten environments during 1970–75. The correlation coefficients between annual rainfall and DM yield varied with variety from 0·69 to 0·88, late varieties tending to give higher yields. Lateness, and high varietal response to annual rainfall and improved environmental conditions, can be used as selection criteria in semi-arid regions. Late varieties had higher DM and lower crude protein contents, and forage produced under lower rainfall conditions tended to have more DM and crude protein.
Control of the Distribution of Tea Yields in Malawi
Authors: Palmer-Jones R. W. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYAgronomic techniques to even out the intra-seasonal fluctuations in yields of tea in Malawi are described, and evidence presented of their effects on the level and distribution of yield. Such treatments reduce yields per acre, but by overcoming constraints on capacity they may lead to increased yields for the estate as a whole. The full benefit of some of these practices requires the prediction of yield patterns based on current and expected weather. Several techniques can be combined to form a flexible approach adapted to each particular year, but more work is required to quantify the parameters and functional relations involved before alternative strategies can be properly compared.
Effects of Population Density on Yields of Two Soyabean (Glycine max) Varieties in Ghana Forest Zone
Authors: Osafo D. M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYSeed yield in two soyabean varieties—one tall (Improved Pelican) and one short (V/1)—was mainly determined by the total number of main stem and branch pods produced when plant population density varied from 5·4 to 16·2 plants/m2. An increasing percentage of the pods was found on the main stems of Improved Pelican as the crop stand became denser.
Nitrogen Nutrition of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Authors: Dart P. J. , Huxley P. A. , Eaglesham A. R. J. , Minchin F. R. , Summerfield R. J. , Day J. M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYAverage seed yields of effectively nodulated cowpea plants were 38% greater than those of non-nodulated plants when both received applied nitrogen at concentrations ranging from 60 to 240 ppm during one of three periods: emergence to first flower, first flower to mid pod-fill, or mid pod-fill to maturity. Nodulation increased seed yields by 45% when plants received a ‘basal’ level of 30 ppm N throughout growth. None of the combined nitrogen treatments could compensate non-nodulated plants for the loss of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Non-nodulated plants relying on applied N branched less, produced fewer peduncles and set fewer pods on each peduncle than nodulated plants.