bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychopathology in patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome: ‘atypical’ or melancholic features
Authors: Dorn Lorah D. , Burgess Ellen S. , Dubbert Billinda , Simpson Serge‐Emll , Friedman Theodore , Kllng Mitchell , Gold Philip W. , Chrousos George P. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOBJECTIVEProlonged elevations of glucocorticoids have been linked to the affective disturbances experienced by patients with Cushing's syndrome. Major depression has been most commonly reported In patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these patients experience melancholic or ‘atypical’ subtype depression and to determine relations between current psychological functioning and factors such as duration and severity of Cushing's syndrome.DESIGN AND PATIENTSWe examined 33 adult patients with documented Cushing's syndrome and 17 hospitalized, matched controls, using standardized structured interviews and tests.RESULTSDuring the active phase of Cushing's syndrome (prior to and/or on admission), 66.7% of all patients reported histories meeting criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis. Of those with a diagnosis during Cushing's syndrome, 50% reported major depression. Upon presentation to this institution, atypical depression was the most common diagnosis involving 51.5% (n= 17) of ail enrolled patients. Of the 17 with atypical depression, 8 reported a co‐morbid psychiatric disorder. The duration of Cushing's syndrome was an Important factor in predicting whether patients sought psychological Intervention or met criteria for psychiatric diagnosis.CONCLUSIONPatients with active endogenous Cushing's syndrome exhibit significant psychopathology expressed primarily by atypical depression. Longer duration of Cushing's syndrome may place them at increased risk of such psychopathology.
Elevated serum lipoprotein(a) in subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Kung A. W. C. , Pang R. W. C. , Janus E. D. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOBJECTIVES Asymptomatic lymphocytic thyroiditis and subclinical hypothyroidism are associated with increased risk for coronary artery disease. The present study aimed at evaluating serum lipoprotein(a)(Lp(a), measured as apo(a), and other lipid parameters In 32 subjects with asymptomatic subclinical hypothyroidism.SUBJECTS Thirty‐two Chinese subjects with asymptomatic subclinical hypothyroidism were compared to 96 age and sex‐matched healthy controls.RESULTS Subclinical hypothyroid patients had higher (P < 0.005) apo(a), total triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) but lower (P < 0.05) high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) levels compared with sex and age‐matched controls (apo(a) 296 (48–1650) vs 182 (19–1952 U/I), geometric mean (range); TG 1.86 ± 0.94 vs 1.33±0.74mmol/l (mean ± SD); TC 6.10 ±1.17 vs 5.42 ±1.13 mmol/l; LDL‐C 410 ± 1.00 vs 3.49 ± 0.96 mmol/l; HDL‐C 1.15 ± 0.40 vs 1.34 ± 0.40 mmol/l, respectlvely). Apo A‐I and apo B were also higher than controls (1.96 ± 048 vs 1.48 ± 029 g/l and 1.44 ± 042 vs 1.05±029 g/l, respectively). Total cholesterol/HDL ratio and LDL/HDL ratio were also elevated in these subjects (577 ± 1.96 vs 428 ±1.19 and 389 ± 1.41 vs 2.79 ± 0.97, respectively, both P < 0.0005). Individual analysis revealed that 16 (50%) subjects had hyperlipoprotelnaemia (TC > 5.2 mmol/l in 10;TC > 52 mmol/l and TG > 2.3mmol in six) as compared to 21(208%) in the control group (P < 0.005). Subjects with TSH ± 11.0mlU/l had significantly higher TC/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios. A significant correlation was observed between TSH levels and TC/HDL ratios (r = 0.455, P < 001).CONCLUSIONS Subclinical hypothyroidism Is associated not only with elevated LDL‐cholesterol levels and low HDL‐cholesterol levels but also with elevated lipoprotein (a). This may further Increase the risk development of atheroscierosis.
Childhood IQ measurements in infants with transient congenital hypothyroidism*
Authors: Calaciura Francesca , Mendorla Gluseppina , Distefano Marco , Castorina Salvatore , Fario Teresa , Motta Rosa Maria , Sava Lidia , Delange François , Vigneri Riccardo 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOBJECTIVE In view of the fact that, during the first period of life, thyroid hormones are critical for brain development, we investigated whether even transient congenital hypothyroidism could affect the long‐term intellectual development of affected infants.DESIGN A case‐control study of intellectual development, auxometric parameters and thyroid function performed in late infancy in children with documented transient congenital hypothyroidism or hyperthyrotrophinaemia at birth.PATIENTS Nine children born in an endemic goitre area who had short‐term transient congenital hypothyroidism or hyperthyrotrophinaemia after birth (TCH) were studied and compared to nine matched children born in the same area at the same time but having normal thyroid function at birth (N).MEASUREMENTS Global, verbal and performance IQs were evaluated on the Wechsler scale. Height, bone age, total and free thyroid hormones, thyroid volume, thyroglobulin, basal and TRH stimulated TSH were also measured.RESULTS Height and bone age were similar in the two groups. Thyroid function tests were also similar in the two groups except for basal and TRH stimulated serum TSH and serum Tg which were higher in the TCH than in the control group. Global, verbal and performance IQs were systematically lower in the TCH than in the N group. (78.3 ± 11.1 vs 90.9 ± 14.2, P < 0.05; 84.4 ± 15.4 vs 96.2 ± 14.8, P NS; 75.0 ± 8.5 vs 89.2 ± 12.5, P < 0.01 respectively).CONCLUSION Infants born and living in an endemic goitre area, who had biochemical signs of thyroid hypofunction at birth, had a lower intelligence quotient at the age of 7–8 years than matched controls living in the same environmental conditions but with normal thyroid function at birth. The present findings strongly suggest that abnormalities in thyroid function at birth, even when transient, can adversely affect long‐term intellectual development.
Phasic serum lipid excursions occur during cyclical oral conjugated oestrogens but not during transdermal oestradiol sequentially combined with oral medroxyprogesterone acetate
Authors: Lemay André , Oodin Sylvie , Cédrin Isabella , T‐Lemay Luclle 
Published: March 2008

SummaryBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Recent data Indicate that oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) has limited unfavourable, neutral or even favourable effects on serum lipid fractions when added to oestrogen replacement therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serum lipid fractions at the beginning and at the end of each phase of a sequentially combined resplacement cycle comparing the oral and the transdermal routes of oestrogen administration.DESIGN Randomized study with a matched control group. Oral con|ugated oestrogens (OCE, 0‐625 mg) or transdermal oestradiol (TE 50 μg) was taken from day 1 to day 25 and MPA (5mg) added on days 14 to 25. Serum lipids were evaluated on days 1, 14 and 25 of monthly replacement cycles.PATIENTS The early post‐menopausal women In the control group (n = 11) and in the treatment groups (OCE/MPA, n= 15; TE/MPA, n= 17) were evaluated every 3 months for 12 months and every 6 months for another 12 months.MEASUREMENTS Serum levels of triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (C) fractions and apollpoprotelns (Apo) and their respective ratios were measured at months 1,3,6,9, 12,18,24. Menopausal symptoms and uterine bleedings were evaluated in parallel and an endometrial biopsy was performed at the end of the 12th and 24th months of treatment. RESULTS After 14 days of OCE, C, LDL‐C, and Apo B were decreased and TG, HDL‐C and Apo A1 were Increased. The sequential addition of MPA accentuated the reduction of LDL‐C and Apo B but attenuated the elevation of TG, HDL‐C and Apo A1. These changes tended to revert toward baseline during the period free of medication. By contrast, at the end of 14 days of TE there was a non‐significant reduction in TG and LDL components and a limited increase in HDL‐C and Apo A1. During the subsequent addition of MPA there was no significant decrease in TG, LDL‐C or Apo B but an elimination of the increase In HDL components. These combined changes resulted in a significant reduction in the LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio and a significant elevation in the Apo A1/Apo B ratio only In the OCE/MPA group.CONCLUSION Overall, oral conjugated oestrogens Induced favourable intragroup changes in cholesterol fractions whereas transdermal oestradiol maintained serum lipids at levels not different from baseline. The sequential addition of oral medroxyprogesterone acetate attenuated the beneficial elevation of HDL, did not affect the beneficial effect of oestrogens on ratios of cholesterol fractions and attenuated the unfavourable effect of oral conjugated oestrogens on triglycerides. The partial loss of beneficial effects on lipoproteins during cyclical interruption of hormone therapy would be an argument in favour of the evaluation of continuous regimens of oes‐trogen/progestagen replacement.
Growth hormone treatment of short Chinese children with β‐thalassaemia major without GH deficiency
Authors: Low L. C. K. , Kwan E. Y. W. , Lim Y. J. , Lee A. C. W. , Tarn C. F. , Lamf K. S. L. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOBJECTIVE Despite regular transfusion and desferoxamine treatment, growth failure Is commonly seen In adolescent children with β‐thalassaemla major. The growth failure has been thought to be due to GH resistance rather than GH deficiency. We Investigated the effect of GH on short non‐GH deficient children with β‐thalassaemia.DESIGN Recombinant human GH was given In a dose of 0‐14IU/kg/day subcutaneously in an open study.PATIENTS Fifteen prepubertal Chinese children with β‐thalassaemia major (ranging from 7.16 to 14.7 years In age) with height −1.5 SD or more below the population mean for age and a growth velocity of less than 5 cm/year were treated with growth hormone for one year. All children had peak GH response >15mlU/l to insulin Induced hypoglycaemia and normal thyroid function and adrenal reserve.MEASUREMENTS Anthropometric measurements were performed every 3 months. Morning urine was tested twice weekly for glycosuria. Blood count, renal and liver function tests, fasting blood glucose, IGF‐I and fructosa‐mine levels were assessed at entry and every 3 months during treatment. Fasting Insulin was measured before and after 3 and 12 months of GH treatment. Skeletal maturity was assessed before and after one year of treatment.RESULTS Treatment was stopped in two children after 6 months because of poor growth response and noncompliance with treatment and In one child at 9 months because of bone marrow transplantation. In the 13 children, the growth velocity increased from 3.6±0.7 cm/year to 8±1.2 cm/year after one year of GH treatment (P<0.001). IGF‐I was low before treatment (10.1±2.7nmol/l), rising significantly to 15.8±4.8, 18.4±4.6, 19.3±6.4 and 21.9±7.5nmol/l at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of treatment (P<0.005). The mean pretreatment bone age in the 13 children was 9.58±1.41 years and increased to 10.53±1.43 years after one year of treatment (ΔBA/CA 0.95±0.3 years). None of the patients developed glycosuria or hypertension. There was no significant change in blood count, renal and liver function, thyroid function, fasting blood glucose or insulin concentrations during treatment.CONCLUSION Growth failure In these children with normal GH reserve and low serum IGF‐I concentrations would suggest GH insensltlvity. Supraphyslologlcal doses of exogenous GH can cause a significant increase In serum IGF‐I levels and a significant Improvement in short‐term growth of short children with β‐thalassaemia major.
Long‐term results of growth hormone therapy in children with short stature, subnormal growth rate and normal growth hormone response to secretagogues
Authors: Wit Jan‐Maarten , Boersma Bart , de Muinck Keizer‐Schrama Sabine M. P. F. , Nienhuls Henrlët E. , Oostdijk Wilma , Otten Barto J. , Delemarre‐Van de Waal Henriëtte A. , Reeser Maarten , Waelkens Johan J. J. , Rikken Berthon , Massa Guy G. ,   Dutch Growth Hormone Working Group
Published: March 2008

SummaryBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Growth hormone treatment In children with Idiopathic short stature (ISS) leads to growth acceleration in the first years, but the effect on final height is still poorly documented. We therefore studied the long‐term effect of GH therapy in children with Idiopathic short stature.DESIGN We have treated 27 prepubertal children with ISS with recombinant human GH (rhGH) in an initial dosage of 2 IU/m2 body surface/day subcutaneously, which was doubled either after the first year if the height velocity increment was less than 2 cm/year, or thereafter if height velocity fell below the P50 for bone age. Growth and bone maturation of the treatment group (ISS group, n= 21) were compared to those of an untreated control group with ISS (ISS controls, n= 27) and of a group of rhGH treated children with isolated GH deficiency (GHD group, n= 7).RESULTS In 9 patients of the ISS group still on treatment, height standard deviation score (HSDS) for chronological age increased from −3.8±0.7 to −2.3±0.9 (mean±standard deviation) over 6 years, while in matched ISS controls HSDS for age did not change. HSDS for age in the GHD group increased from −3.9±0.6 to −1.8±0.7 after 4 years, significantly more than the ISS group. Bone maturation was accelerated In the ISS and GHD groups. HSDS for bone age and predicted adult height did not change in either group. Final height in 12 children of the ISS group was −2.6±1.0 SDS. In the untreated controls final height was similar. A low integrated GH concentration over 24 hours, a low GH peak to provocative stimuli, and minimal initial BA delay predicted a favourable outcome.CONCLUSION rhGH treatment In this group of children with Idiopathic short stature did not increase average final height. Part of the heterogeneity of the response can be attributed to the variation in endogenous GH secretion and initial bone age delay.
Thyroid cell survival in coculture with autologous peripheral or intrathyroidal lymphocytes
Authors: Massart C. , Glbassler J. , Le Gall F. , Raoul M. L. , Beurtin F. , Genetet N. , Genetet B. , Lucas C. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOBJECTIVE We have studied lymphocyte Induced cytotoxicity and the production of interferon gamma (IFN‐α) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) during coculture of thyrocytes and autologous lymphocytes from patients with Graves' disease and from normal subjects.PATIENTS Thyroid tissues and lymphocytes were obtained from 28 patients with Graves' disease and from 9 control subjects.MEASUREMENTS Lymphocyte induced cytotoxicity was evaluated on autologous thyrocytes using 5 metabolic tests: the MTT assay, the neutral red uptake, lactate dehydrogenase measurement and glutathione assay. IFN‐γ and TNF‐α measurements were performed after 1, 5 or 7 days' coculture.RESULTS The lymphocytes Isolated from peripheral blood (PB lymphocytes) altered the morphology and the metabolism of autologous thyrocytes. The Intrathyroidal lymphocytes Isolated after Dispase digestion were not toxic whereas mechanically Isolated lymphocytes exerted a little toxicity. No difference was seen between Graves' disease and normal cells.The supernatants from cocultures had higher IFN‐γ levels than those from lymphocyte cultures, in coculture, PB lymphocytes secreted more IFN‐γ and TNF‐α than Intrathyroidal lymphocytes. The PB lymphocyte Induced cytotoxicity was not due to IFN‐γ and TNF‐α alone.CONCLUSION Peripheral blood lymphocytes are cytotoxic in vitro to autologous thyrocytes whereas Intrathyroidal lymphocytes exert little or no cytotoxicity according to their isolation method. The mechanisms of lymphocyte Induced toxicity remain to be explained.
Measurement of serum concentrations of inhibin‐A (α‐βA dimer) during human pregnancy
Authors: Muttukrlshna S. , George L. , Fowler P. A. , Groome N. P. , Knight P. G. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOBJECTIVE The alms were to measure concentrations of Inhibin‐A (α‐βA dimer) in peripheral serum during normal human pregnancy, to establish which molecular weight form(s) are present In pregnancy serum and to relate the concentrations of inhlbin‐A to those of oestradlol and progesterone.DESIGN In a retrospective cross‐sectional study 211 serum samples collected at 2‐week Intervals from week 8 to 38 of gestation were analysed for inhlbln‐A by enzyme immunoassay and oestradlol and progesterone by radioimmunoassay. Pooled samples corresponding to first, second and third trimester were subsequently used for fast protein liquid chromatography chromatographic analysis of Inhibln forms present.PATIENTS Blood samples were obtained from normal pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic.RESULTS Concentrations of Inhibin‐A in peripheral serum gradually decreased from 1.76±0.15/μg/l in week 8 of gestation to 0.86±0.12μg/l in week 16 (P<0.01). Concentrations remained low during the second trimester but Increased markedly (P<0.01) during the third trimester reaching a maximal value of 5.68±0.89 μg/l In week 36. Chromatographic analysis of pooled serum samples from the first, second and third trimester showed that the fully processed 31‐kDa molecule is the predominant circulating form of inhlbln‐A throughout human gestation. Likewise, only the 31‐kDa form was Identified in extracts of term placenta which contained ∼20 μg inhibin‐A/kg tissue.CONCLUSION Inhlbin‐A, principally the 31‐kDa form, is present in peripheral blood throughout human gestation at concentrations up to 50 times greater than maximum values found during the spontaneous menstrual cycle (∼100ng/l). The finding of highest serum values during the third trimester and of significant concentrations In term placenta firmly support a placental rather than luteal origin for this material.
Non‐islet cell tumour induced hypoglycaemia with acromegaloid facial and aral swelling
Authors: Trivedi Nltin , Mithal Abrlsh , Sharma Ajay K. , Mishra Saro Kant , Pandey Rakesh , Trivedi Bakula , Daughaday William H. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe syndrome of non‐islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia (NICTH) has been linked with the synthesis and secretion of ‘big’ IGF‐II. We report a patient with a large pelvic clear cell sarcoma who developed recurrent severe hypoglycaemia and In addition presented with severe soft tissue facial swelling, skin tags and nuchal hyperpigmentation. After resection of the tumour serum ‘big’ IGF‐II returned to normal and the acromegaloid skin changes remitted.
Prolactin receptors in human pituitary adenomas
Authors: Ciccarelli E. , Faccani G. , Longo A. , Ore G. Dalle , Papotti M. , Grottoll S. , Razzore P. , Ghè C. , Muccioli G. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOBJECTIVE In the rat, prolactin receptors (PRL‐R) have been identified In normal pituitary cells and In anterior pituitary tumours induced by oestradiol. No published data are available concerning PRL‐R in the human pituitary. The aim of our study was therefore to detect the presence of PRL‐R in the normal human pituitary gland and human pituitary adenomas.DESIGN Evaluation of free and total PRL‐R In the normal pituitary gland and different pituitary tumours characterized by Immunocytochemical analysis.PATIENTS Twenty‐six unselected patients (14 M, 12 F) who underwent surgery for pituitary adenoma (3 prolactinomas, 4 GH‐PRL adenomas, 5 GH adenomas, 1 ACTH adenoma, 9 glycoprotein and/or α‐subunlt adenomas, 4 null ceils adenomas) were studied. Nine pltultaries from subjects whose death was unrelated to brain and endocrine diseases, were also studied as a control group in the PRL binding studies.MEASUREMENTS Free PRL‐R in microsomal membranes were determined by in‐vitro radioreceptor assay using 125l‐labelled human PRL as llgand. Total PRL‐R were also measured In the same membrane fractions by removing endogenous PRL bound to its receptors using 4 m MgCl2.Serum PRL levels were also evaluated in all patients before surgery using an IRMA method.RESULTS Specific binding values for PRL (free PRL‐R) were 0.39±0.03% (range 0–1.96%) In the pituitary adenomas. These binding values were Identical to those observed in normal pltultaries (0.38±0.07%, range 0.1–0.78%). Elevated PRL binding (1.25% and 1.96%) was found in two patients with PRL secreting adenomas and very high serum PRL levels (5768 and 11240 mU/l. No PRL binding was shown In 4 patients. Treatment of membranes with 4 M MgCl2 increased the specific binding (total PRL‐R) In both pituitary tumours (0.5±0.11%; P<0.001) and normal pituHarles (0.47±0.07%; P<0.02).CONCLUSIONS Our data have demonstrated the presence of prolactin receptors in normal cadaveric pituitary and in most pituitary adenomas, Irrespective of histological classification. In particular, elevated prolactin receptor levels were shown In PRL‐secreting tumours from patients with markedly increased serum PRL levels. Our study may support several lines of experimental evidence for a specific functional role for PRL in the growth of some pituitary adenomas.
Age related changes in the pituitary‐testicular axis in normal men; lower serum testosterone results from decreased bioactive LH drive
Authors: Mitchell Robert , Hollls Sally , Rothwell Claire , Robertson William R. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOBJECTIVE The mechanism underlying the slight hypoandrogenism associated with normal ageing remains unclear. We have therefore examined age related changes in the activity of the pituitary‐testicular axis In healthy normal males.DESIGN Random blood samples were obtained from 219 normal men whose ages ranged from 20 to 79 years. At the time of the study, none of the men had received treatment or had ever had any endocrine dysfunction diagnosed.MEASUREMENTS Luteinizing hormone was measured In the subjects' plasma using a commercially available immunoradiometric assay (IRMA, Serono Malaclone) and a fully validated In‐vitro bioassay. Testosterone and FSH were measured using standard radioimmunoassays (RIA) whilst sex hormone binding globulin was assayed by an IRMA.RESULTS Levels of total testosterone (total‐T) and bioactive LH fell with age (r=−0.231 and −0.189 respectively) by 5.9nmol/l and 2.3IU/I respectively between grouped patients aged 20‐39 years (Group A) and 60–79 years (Group C). In contrast, immunoreactlve LH remained unchanged. The LH B:I ratio also fell with age (P<0.0001) being 5.0±0.3 (group A) and 3.3±0.2 (group C), representing a fall of 33%. Since Immunoreactivlty remained constant, this fall primarily represented the decline in LH bioactivity. Bioactive, but not immunoreactlve LH correlated to total‐T (P=0.009, n=209) and the total‐T:LH ratios fell by over 30% between groups A and C using the IRMA, but remained unchanged by bioassay.CONCLUSIONS There Is an underlying decline In both total‐testosterone and free‐testosterone index, and bioactive LH levels with advancing age, suggestive of a hypothalamo‐pituitary defect which leads to lower bioactive LH levels which in turn are responsible for the diminished gonadal steroidogenesis. Elucidation of the mechanism underlying this slight decline in hypothalamo‐pituitary testicular activity Is complicated by differences between the data obtained by immunoassay or bioassay.