bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State-of-the-Art-Review : The Leiden Mutation of Coagulation Factor V in Hungarian SLE Patients
Authors: Regéczy Nóra , Lakos Gabriella , Balogh István , Ajzner Eva , Kiss Emese , Szegedi Gyula 
Published: November 2007

We studied the prevalence and the effect of coagu lation factor V Leiden mutation on the occurrence of throm botic episodes in 120 Hungarian patients having systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with or without antiphospholipid anti body. The frequency of the factor V Leiden mutation in Hungarian SLE patients was 13%, which is comparable with those found previously in a healthy Caucasian population. The incidence of venous thrombosis among factor V Leiden carriers has been found to be higher (odds ratio [OR] 1.7) than it is in patients without Leiden mutation (38% vs 29%). In addition, the fre quency of venous thrombosis in the heterozygous SLE patients (OR 8.4 [confidence interval (CI) 0.8-83.9] P=0.06) is depen dent on the coexistence of other risk factors, such as antiphos pholipid antibody. Moreover, among heterozygous factor V SLE patients, the Leiden mutation could explain the tendency to have significantly higher prevalence of fetal losses (OR 3.9 [CI 1.2-12.0] P = 0.02) and higher prevalence of cerebrovascu lar lesions, cardiac valvular abnormalities, and Raynaud's syn drome than that found in individuals without factor V Leiden mutation or those having antiphospholipid antibody. Systemic lupus erythematosus patients with combined de fects suffer more severely from thrombosis than those with a single risk factor do, suggesting that thrombophilia is a multi- factorial disorder in SLE, also. Although, the factor V Leiden mutation does not seem to be a significant risk factor for ve nous thrombosis in SLE, these data demonstrate that Leiden mutation can be regarded as an additive thrombogenic factor providing higher predisposition to several vasoocclusive disor ders in SLE.
Review : Utilization of dimethyl sulfoxide for treating anthracycline extravasation
Authors: Rospond Raylene M. 
Published: November 2007

Objective. To review the literature available on the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to treat anthracy cline extravasation. Data Sources. English-language literature was gathered using Medline, EMBASE International Phar maceutical Abstracts, CINAHL, and references from bibliographies. Study Selection. Studies selected for review included controlled animal studies and any available human studies, including case reports and case series. All studies must have used DMSO in the treatment of an anthracycline extravasation. Data Extraction. Data extracted from animal studies included the animal model used; method of doxorubicin and DMSO administration; ulcer out come ; and statistical significance. Individual case re ports and case series were abstracted for the anti neoplastic agent extravasated; associated symptoms; DMSO administration; concurrent therapies; and short- and long-term results (symptoms, functional damage). Data Synthesis. One of six animal studies indi cated a significant difference in peak lesion size and area under the curve between DMSO and control. However, local cooling resulted in less toxicity as compared with DMSO, and the time to ulcer healing was actually prolonged in the DMSO-treated group. Clinical experience with DMSO has resulted in no surgical intervention and no residual function impair ment after anthracycline extravasation. Conclusion. The controversial animal data and the lack of controlled clinical experience with DMSO should preclude its use as the sole initial therapy of anthracycline extravasations. A comparison study be tween topical DMSO and local cooling versus local cooling alone would aid in determining the true benefit of DMSO in the treatment of anthracycline extravasation.
Ambulatory infusion of dacarbazine for metastic malignant melanoma: A clinical, pharmaceutical, and pharmacokinetic case report
Authors: Sewell Graham J , Hong Anne 
Published: November 2007

Objective. This report describes the development and clinical use of a dacarbazine ambulatory infusion for palliative treatment of metastatic malignant mela noma. Case Summary. A 39-year-old male with meta static malignant melanoma received ambulatory infu sion of dacarbazine, 2.5 mg/kg/d X 10 days (courses 1 and 2) and 5 mg/kg/d X 10 days (course 3). This was made possible by the development of a modified dacarbazine infusion formulation which increased drug stability. The first two courses were well toler ated and the patient remained independent and ac tive. A pilot pharmacokinetic study was undertaken on the third course to enable comparison of the potential exposure of tissues to dacarbazine between the prolonged infusion and conventional schedules. Discussion. Under conditions replicating ambu latory infusion (37°C) the modified infusion of dacar bazine was stable for 24 hours (92.4% remaining) compared with a standard infusion in water for injection (89.2% remaining after 8 hours). The patient appeared to benefit from ambulatory treatment, and mild nausea was the only adverse effect recorded during the first two treatment courses. The pharma cokinetic study revealed an average steady-state plasma concentration (Cpssave ) and AUC of 243 ng · mL-1 and 58.4 μg · h·mL -1, respectively. Conclusion. Ambulatory infusion of dacarba zine in the home setting is possible with the modified infusion formulation described in this report.
Use of EMLA as an adjunct for burning pain associated with a liposarcoma
Authors: Trinkle Randy 
Published: November 2007

Objective. To report the successful use of EMLA cream (a topical anesthetic) for the relief of neuro pathic pain in a patient with a liposarcoma. Case Summary. A 63-year-old male with a lipo sarcoma was admitted to the hospital to establish an effective pain control regimen. Despite the use of high-dose hydromorphone, dexamethasone, and in domethacin, he still complained of a burning sensa tion in the skin over the tumor site. EMLA—applied regularly every 8 hours, was started, and within 24 hours the patient reported relief from this pain. Discussion. While there is some experience with the use of systemically administered anesthetics for the control of neuropathic pain in cancer patients, there is little reported experience of the use of topical anesthetics. EMLA has, however, been successfully used for postherpetic neuralgia. Adverse reactions from its use for reducing the pain of venipuncture are usually mild and transient, and repeated use does not appear to increase the risk of toxicity. In this case, the patient's pain was well-controlled without any observ able adverse reactions. Summary. This patient experienced relief of burning pain when EMLA was added to his treatment regimen. EMLA cream could be considered as a treatment option for cancer patients experiencing neuropathic pain, but the patients most likely to benefit and the optimal treatment regimen have yet to be determined by a prospective study.
Benchmarking pharmaceutical care within the Alberta Cancer Board
Authors: Dobish Roxanne , Lee Gordon H. 
Published: November 2007

Objective. To describe the numerous pharmacy ac tivities afforded by the seven pharmacy sites that provide various levels of pharmacy services to cancer patients in cities throughout Alberta, Canada. Methods. A questionnaire for measuring phar maceutical care (PC) was developed and applied to each site to benchmark the level of PC that was offered at each institution. The survey was con structed based on elements of the PC model of Hepler and Strand et al and grouped along the lines of Cal Knowlton's ABCs of PC. Responses were graded according to what degree the site had fully, partially, or not yet incorporated the element surveyed. Results. Overall, 44% of the PC elements were fully implemented, 33% were partially implemented, and 23% were not yet implemented in the newly formed Alberta Cancer Board Pharmacy Department. The traditional areas of bottling and counseling con tinue to be areas of strength, with 79% and 77% of the elements fully implemented, respectively. More em phasis is warranted in the areas of assessment and surveillance, with only 26% and 29% of the elements fully implemented, respectively. Conclusions. The results of the survey indicate the need for continued planning to incorporate some of the elements of cognitive pharmacy services in the Alberta Cancer Board Pharmacy Department strategic plan.
Indications for Permanent Pacemakers in Young Adults
Authors: Gould Lawrence , Gopalaswamy C. , Chandy F. , Abdou O. 
Published: November 2007

The sick sinus syndrome has become the most common indication for permanent pacemaker implantation. 1 In a recent review of 50 patients with the sick sinus syndrome treated with pacemaker insertion, the mean age of the group was 71 years. 2 There are occasional reports of the sick sinus syndrome in young adults. However, many of the reported cases involve postoperative congenital heart disease.3,4 Recently Kay and his group5reported a series of 18 cases of young adults who required pacemakers. Twelve had the sick sinus syndrome and served as the basis of their report. Electrophysiologic studies were performed in only 5 of their 12 cases, and the authors stressed that the corrected sinus node recovery time was normal in their 5 patients. We routinely perform electrophysiologic studies in all patients being considered for pacemaker implantations. We therefore reviewed our experience over 8 years with young adults who required permanent pacemaker insertions.
Symptoms and Signs of Carotid Territory Transient Cerebral Ischaemia
Authors: Murie John A. , Sheldon Christopher D. , Quin Roger O. 
Published: November 2007

In 400 patients referred for non-invasive vascular assessment by ultrasono graphy, 29% of 214 with transient ischaemic attacks, 25% of 44 with reversible ischaemic neurological deficits and 28% of 46 with recovered stroke had signifi cant extracranial internal carotid artery disease. For amaurosis fugax, 65% of 74 patients had significant disease. Both cerebral and ocular symptoms of simi lar laterality with respect to one carotid occurred together in 22 patients, of whom 86% had significant internal carotid disease. Bruit was heard in 29% of carotids in 200 symptomatic patients. Only 45% of bruits were associated with significant internal carotid disease. The external carotid alone was shown to be the source of cervical murmur in a significant number of patients.
Noninvasive Vascular Test with the 133Xe Clearance Technique in Assessment of Hypogastric Arteries Insufficiency
Authors: Setacci C. , Vattimo A. , Campoccia G. 
Published: November 2007

The 133Xenon clearance technique is a valuable method of measuring blood flow in peripheral muscles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this technique for measuring blood flow in the vascular bed of the hypogastric arteries. Clearance of 133Xenon injected intravascularly in the gluteal region was studied in 10 healthy subjects and in 25 patients with aortoiliac disease to measure muscular blood flow (MBF) in this vascular bed. At rest, average MBF was higher in healthy subjects in both gluteal muscles than in the patients with arterial disease. After exercise-induced hyperemia, maximal MBF was markedly higher in healthy subjects than in the patients. The 133Xe clearance is a simple and reliable procedure that could be especially useful for assessing the condition of the hypogastric arteries before surgical treatment of cancer in the left portion of the colon and in the rectum.
Cranial Nerve Dysfunction Following Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Stanton Paul E. , Moody James A. , Murphree Stephen , Modica Louis , Vo Nghia M. 
Published: November 2007

In an effort to establish the true incidence of cranial nerve dysfunction after carotid endarterectomy, 50 consecutive carotid endarterectomy procedures were assessed by careful and objective preoperative and postoperative cranial nerve evaluations, including indirect laryngoscopic examination by a trained ENT surgeon. Of the 50 patients evaluated, 2 (4%) were found to have a postoperative cranial nerve deficit, and these were the following: 1 (2%) recurrent laryngeal, none (0%) superior laryngeal, 1 (2%) marginal mandibular nerve, and none (0%) hypoglossal nerve. In no instance was any patient who was asymptomatic found to have unsuspected objective evidence of cranial nerve injury; on the other hand, both symptomatic patients were found to have a significant cranial nerve injury by further evaluation. Our objective data refute the literature that would support a magnitude of either symptomatic or asymptomatic cranial nerve injuries following such a procedure. Our study further fails to support a need for a more extensive exam ination that would routinely include indirect laryngoscopy and a specialist-ori ented consultation—both of which appear neither warranted nor cost effective.
Carotid Endarterectomy in a Metropolitan Community: Complications in 518 Consecutive Cases
Authors: AbuRahma Ali F. 
Published: November 2007

The records of 518 consecutive carotid endarterectomies done in 427 patients in one institution were evaluated for perioperative complications and catego rized according to their presenting syndrome. Of this surgery, 62.9% was done for hemispheric transient ischemic attack (TIA), 14.5% for nonhemispheric TIAs, 7.9% in patients with previous stroke, and 14.7% for asymptomatic sig nificant carotid stenosis. Each group's complication rate was then evaluated and compared with rates in comparable studies. The postoperative stroke rate and the combined stroke and death rate were 2.6% and 2.6%, respectively, for the group with asymptomatic significant carotid stenosis; 2.7% and 4%, respec tively, for the group with nonhemispheric TIA; 4% and 4.6%, respectively, for the group with hemispheric TIA; and 7.3% and 7.3%, respectively, in the group with previous stroke. The combined postoperative stroke rate for the whole series was 3.9% and the death rate was 1.4% with a combined stroke and death rate of 4.4%. This study points out the need to categorize patients who have had carotid endarterectomy by their presenting syndrome before comparing them with pa tients in other studies.
A New Approach for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by a Ringed Y Graft
Authors: Kurata Satoru , Hongo Hiroshi , Misumi Kozo , Kawano Tetuya , Kuroda Yutaka , Nakayasu Kiyoshi , Harada Mikihiko , Esato Kensuke 
Published: November 2007

Nonsuture technique with ringed Y graft (RYG) was applied to 5 high-risk patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). All showed marked arterio sclerotic changes. In 3 cases, the AAA was located 1 cm below the renal artery branching. Concomitant diseases were: gastric ulcer in 3 cases, chronic bron chitis in 3, moderate renal failure in 2, thoracic aortic aneurysm in 1, and aortic valvular insufficiency in 1. The RYG method was evaluated by comparing age, size of aneurysm, operating time, blood loss, and aorta clamping time with the conventional Y graft (CYG) method (10 cases). Ages and sizes in the RYG group were nearly identical with those in the CYG group. The mean blood loss was 797 ± 86 ml in the RYG group and 1631 ± 754 ml in the CYG group (p < 0.05). Aorta clamping time was 34 ± 2.4 min in the RYG group and 62 ± 4.9 min in the CYG group (p < 0.01). Although the suprarenal aorta was clamped in 3 of 5 cases in the RYG group, proximal anastomosis took only a few minutes, and none of them required protection to the kidney. The authors conclude that RYG can be reliably applied to high-risk patients with AAA.
Dynamic Angiography in Below-Knee Bypass Grafts
Authors: Waneck Reinhart , Jantsch Hans , Lechner Gerhard , Kretschmer Georg , Pichler Wolfgang , Polterauer Peter , Frank Wolfgang 
Published: November 2007

Dynamic angiography has been performed in 60 patients with below- knee bypass grafts during a period from one month to seven years after operation. In this particular technique the angiography is carried out in a lateral decubitus position. The films are ex posed in three different positions, with the knee straight, in an interme diate (45°), and in a maximum bended position of 90 ° . In a control group of 40 patients the dynamic Doppler index was determined. The morphologic changes ob served in dynamic angiography were correlated with the implanted graft material (autologous vein, PTFE-by pass graft, and human umbilical vein) and compared for its early and late complications. The results showed that the best graft material is an autologous vein interposition. There was no direct correlation between morphologic changes in angiography and Doppler index. A dynamic decrease in Dop pler index is not necessarily predic tive of early occlusion of the bypass graft. If severe morphologic changes are present, an early occlusion might be expected, even with good Doppler index.
Primary Aortoenteric Fistula Secondary to Ulcerative Atherosclerosis
Authors: Frassinelli Paul , Gittleman Mark A. , McDonald Kenneth M. 
Published: November 2007

Aortoenteric fistulae after replacement surgery of the aorta is a well-described phenom enon. Fewer than 200 cases of primary aortoenteric fistulae have, however, been reported. The vast majority of these reveal aortic or gastrointestinal pathology as etiolo gies. The authors report on the very rare occurrence of primary aortoenteric fistula caused by ulcerative atherosclerosis in the absence of aortic aneurysm. The index of suspicion in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding of unknown etiology must be high to accurately diagnose an aortoenteric fistula. With aggressive testing and early laparotomy if indicated, the diagnosis of aortoenteric fistula can be ascertained and surgical correction can be accomplished.
Divergence Between the Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis Genome Sequences in Relation to Chromosomal Inversions
Authors: Noor Mohamed A F , Garfield David A , Schaeffer Stephen W , Machado Carlos A 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
As whole-genome sequence assemblies accumulate, a challenge is to determine how these can be used to address fundamental evolutionary questions, such as inferring the process of speciation. Here, we use the sequence assemblies of Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis to test hypotheses regarding divergence with gene flow. We observe low differentiation between the two genome sequences in pericentromeric and peritelomeric regions. We interpret this result as primarily a remnant of the correlation between levels of variation and local recombination rate observed within populations. However, we also observe lower differentiation far from the fixed chromosomal inversions distinguishing these species and greater differentiation within and near these inversions. This finding is consistent with models suggesting that chromosomal inversions facilitate species divergence despite interspecies gene flow. We also document heterogeneity among the inverted regions in their degree of differentiation, suggesting temporal differences in the origin of each inverted region consistent with the inversions arising during a process of divergence with gene flow. While this study provides insights into the speciation process using two single-genome sequences, it was informed by lower throughput but more rigorous examinations of polymorphism and divergence. This reliance highlights the need for complementary genomic and population genetic approaches for tackling fundamental evolutionary questions such as speciation.
Molecular Evolution of Glutathione S-Transferases in the Genus Drosophila
Authors: Low Wai Yee , Ng Hooi Ling , Morton Craig J , Parker Michael W , Batterham Philip , Robin Charles 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
As classical phase II detoxification enzymes, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have been implicated in insecticide resistance and may have evolved in response to toxins in the niche-defining feeding substrates of Drosophila species. We have annotated the GST genes of the 12 Drosophila species with recently sequenced genomes and analyzed their molecular evolution. Gene copy number variation is attributable mainly to unequal crossing-over events in the large δ and ε clusters. Within these gene clusters there are also GST genes with slowly diverging orthologs. This implies that they have their own unique functions or have spatial/temporal expression patterns that impose significant selective constraints. Searches for positively selected sites within the GSTs identified G171K in GSTD1, a protein that has previously been shown to be capable of metabolizing the insecticide DDT. We find that the same radical substitution (G171K) in the substrate-binding domain has occurred at least three times in the Drosophila radiation. Homology-modeling places site 171 distant from the active site but adjacent to an alternative DDT-binding site. We propose that the parallel evolution observed at this site is an adaptive response to an environmental toxin and that sequencing of historical alleles suggests that this toxin was not a synthetic insecticide.
Genetic Basis of Heterosis for Growth-Related Traits in Arabidopsis Investigated by Testcross Progenies of Near-Isogenic Lines Reveals a Significant Role of Epistasis
Authors: Melchinger Albrecht E , Piepho Hans-Peter , Utz H Friedrich , Muminović Jasmina , Wegenast Thilo , Törjék Otto , Altmann Thomas , Kusterer Barbara 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEpistasis seems to play a significant role in the manifestation of heterosis. However, the power of detecting epistatic interactions among quantitative trait loci (QTL) in segregating populations is low. We studied heterosis in Arabidopsis thaliana hybrid C24 × Col-0 by testing near-isogenic lines (NILs) and their triple testcross (TTC) progenies. Our objectives were to (i) provide the theoretical basis for estimating different types of genetic effects with this experimental design, (ii) determine the extent of heterosis for seven growth-related traits, (iii) map the underlying QTL, and (iv) determine their gene action. Two substitution libraries, each consisting of 28 NILs and covering ∼61 and 39% of the Arabidopsis genome, were assayed by 110 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. With our novel generation means approach 38 QTL were detected, many of which confirmed heterotic QTL detected previously in the same cross with TTC progenies of recombinant inbred lines. Furthermore, many of the QTL were common for different traits and in common with the 58 QTL detected by a method that compares triplets consisting of a NIL, its recurrent parent, and their F1 cross. While the latter approach revealed mostly (75%) overdominant QTL, the former approach allowed separation of dominance and epistasis by analyzing all materials simultaneously and yielded substantial positive additive × additive effects besides directional dominance. Positive epistatic effects reduced heterosis for growth-related traits in our materials.