bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essentials of Informed Consent to Psychedelic Medicine
Authors: Marks Mason , Brendel Rebecca W. , Shachar Carmel , Cohen I. Glenn 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceInterest in administering psychedelic agents as mental health treatment is growing rapidly. As drugmakers invest in developing psychedelic medicines for several psychiatric indications, lawmakers are enacting legal reforms to speed access globally, and health agencies are preparing to approve these treatments. Meanwhile, US states, such as Oregon and Colorado, are making psychedelics available for supervised use outside the conventional health care system.ObservationsDespite legal change and potentially imminent regulatory approval in some countries, standards for integrating psychedelics into health care have lagged, including norms for designing and implementing informed consent processes. Informed consent is complicated by the unique features of psychedelics and their means of administration. Because no governments have approved any classic psychedelics for general medical or psychiatric use, only clinical researchers have obtained informed consent from trial participants. Accordingly, there is an unmet need for informed consent processes tailored to the challenges of administering psychedelics in nonresearch settings.Conclusions and RelevanceAnalysis of the challenges of designing and implementing psychedelic informed consent practices revealed 7 essential components, including the possibility of short- and long-term perceptual disturbances, potential personality changes and altered metaphysical beliefs, the limited role of reassuring physical touch, the potential for patient abuse or coercion, the role and risks of data collection, relevant practitioner disclosures, and interactive patient education and comprehension assessment. Because publicly available informed consent documents for psychedelic clinical trials often overlook or underemphasize these essential elements, sample language and procedures to fill the gap are proposed.
The business of news in the AI economy
Authors: Sjøvaag Helle 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article considers the impact of AI on the economy and financing of journalism organizations. AI has structural implications on the news media beyond the practice of journalism and the management of news as a process. AI also shifts the premises of competition, competitive advantage, mergers and acquisitions, and IT capabilities in the news industries. Not least, it fundamentally challenges journalism's traditional business model. Considered hereunder is the two‐sided market model, journalism's traditional platform function, its network effects, and its public good characteristics. The aim of the article is, thus, to reconceptualize core economic features of the news industries in the context of AI to provide a vocabulary with which to assess the economic future of journalism in a data‐driven platform economy.
Progress in The Research of Lactate Metabolism Disruption And Astrocyte‐Neuron Lactate Shuttle Impairment in Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Tong Liang , Ma Li , Ye Hong , Zeng Shue , Zhang Shaochuan , Ding Yu , Wang Weiwei , Bao Tianhao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder widely recognized for its impaired bioenergy utilization. The astrocyte‐neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) plays a critical role in brain energy supply. Recent studies have revealed abnormal lactate metabolism in SCZ, which is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, tissue hypoxia, gastric acid retention, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, abnormal brain iron metabolism, cerebral white matter hypermetabolic activity, and genetic susceptibility. Furthermore, astrocytes, neurons, and glutamate abnormalities are prevalent in SCZ with abnormal lactate metabolism, which are essential components for maintaining ANLS in the brain. Therefore, an in‐depth study of the pathophysiological mechanisms of ANLS in SCZ with abnormal lactate metabolism will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of SCZ and provide new ideas and approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of SCZ.
Creating Anti‐Biofouling Surfaces by Degradable Main‐chain Polyphosphoester Polymer Brushes
Authors: Pérez Maria Brió , Resendiz‐Lara Diego A. , Matsushita Yuma , Kakinoki Sachiro , Iwasaki Yasuhiko , Hempenius Mark A. , de Beer Sissi , Wurm Frederik R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe implementation of polymer brush coatings has proven crucial in biomedical and biotechnological applications for controlling biological interactions. Despite the extensive research and use of synthetic polymer coatings, concerns regarding their long‐term non‐biodegradability have arisen. This issue is significant as non‐degradable polymers can lead to complications such as inflammatory responses and bioaccumulation, highlighting the need for polymers that degrade in a controlled manner. To address this, polyphosphonate brushes are synthesized as anti‐biofouling coatings on silicon surfaces via controlled surface‐initiated organocatalytic ring‐opening polymerization (SI‐ROP) of cyclic phospholanes. 2‐Ethyl‐2‐oxo‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholane and 2‐hexyl‐2‐oxo‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholane are chosen as the monomers to prepare hydrophilic and hydrophobic brushes with thicknesses up to 55 nm, with a proven degradability in aqueous media. In addition, protein adsorption, bacterial adhesion, and biofilm formation are investigated as a function of the polyphosphonate side chain. Compared to non‐coated surfaces and polyester brushes, hydrophilic poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxo‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholane) brushes have an enhanced resistance toward fouling of albumin, fibrinogen, and diluted human serum proteins, as well as toward Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The stability and anti‐biofouling performance of hydrophilic polyphosphonate brushes position them as an attractive option as degradable materials for anti‐biofouling matrices on medical devices and/or lubricious coatings for artificial implant technologies.
An Efficient and Stable Inverted Structure Organic Solar Cell Using ZnO Modified by 2D ZrSe2 as a Composite Electron Transport Layer
Authors: Li Hongye , Yu Bo , Yu Huangzhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs an electron transport layer (ETL) widely used in organic solar cells (OSCs), ZnO has problems with energy level mismatch with the active layer and excessive defects on the ZnO surface, which can reduce the efficiency of OSCs. Here, ZnO/ZrSe2 composite is fabricated by modifying ZnO with 2D ZrSe2. The XPS and first‐principles calculation (FPC) show that ZnO obtains electrons from ZrSe2 and forms interfacial dipoles toward the active layer, which decreases the work function of ZnO, thus reducing the interface barrier and favoring the collection of electrons in OSCs. At the same time, after ZrSe2 modification, the oxygen vacancy density on the ZnO surface decreases, thus improving the conductivity of ZnO. More importantly, the femtosecond transient absorption (Fs‐TA) shows that ZrSe2 selectively traps holes from the active layer, which prevents the holes from entering the ZnO, thereby reducing the probability of electron recombination. Finally, ZnO/ZrSe2 composite is used as a novel ETL in OSCs with PBDB‐T: ITIC, PM6:Y6 and PM6: L8‐BO as active layers, and obtaining 12.09%, 16.34%, and 18.24% efficiency, respectively. This study provides a method for the interface modification of ZnO, and further investigates the role of 2D nanosheets in the interface modification.
Engineering Microorganisms for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Dingkang , Yu Lichao , Rong Haibo , Liu Lubin , Yin Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCancer immunotherapy presents a promising approach to fight against cancer by utilizing the immune system. Recently, engineered microorganisms have emerged as a potential strategy in cancer immunotherapy. These microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses, can be designed and modified using synthetic biology and genetic engineering techniques to target cancer cells and modulate the immune system. This review delves into various microorganism‐based therapies for cancer immunotherapy, encompassing strategies for enhancing efficacy while ensuring safety and ethical considerations. The development of these therapies holds immense potential in offering innovative personalized treatments for cancer.
Spatiotemporal Concurrent PARP Inhibitor Sensitization Based on Radiation‐Responsive Nanovesicles for Lung Cancer Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kang Fei , Niu Meng , Zhou Zijian , Zhang Mingru , Xiong Hehe , Zeng Fantian , Wang Jing , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe implementation of chemoradiation combinations has gained great momentum in clinical practices. However, the full utility of this paradigm is often restricted by the discordant tempos of action of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Here, a gold nanoparticle‐based radiation‐responsive nanovesicle system loaded with cisplatin and veliparib, denoted as CV‐Au NVs, is developed to augment the concurrent chemoradiation effect in a spatiotemporally controllable manner of drug release. Upon irradiation, the in situ generation of •OH induces the oxidation of polyphenylene sulfide from being hydrophobic to hydrophilic, resulting in the disintegration of the nanovesicles and the rapid release of the entrapped cisplatin and veliparib (the poly ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor). Cisplatin‐induced DNA damage and the impairment of the DNA repair mechanism mediated by veliparib synergistically elicit potent pro‐apoptotic effects. In vivo studies suggest that one‐dose injection of the CV‐Au NVs and one‐time X‐ray irradiation paradigm effectively inhibit tumor growth in the A549 lung cancer model. This study provides new insight into designing nanomedicine platforms in chemoradiation therapy from a vantage point of synergizing both chemotherapy and radiation therapy in a spatiotemporally concurrent manner.
Living Artificial Skin: Photosensitizer and Cell Sandwiched Bacterial Cellulose for Chronic Wound Healing
Authors: Liu Xingang , Wang Meng , Cao Lei , Zhuang Jiahao , Wang Dandan , Wu Min , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChronic wounds pose a significant global public health challenge due to their suboptimal treatment efficacy caused by bacterial infections and microcirculatory disturbances. Inspired by the biofunctionality of natural skin, an artificial skin (HV@BC@TBG) is bioengineered with bacterial cellulose (BC) sandwiched between photosensitizers (PS) and functionalized living cells. Glucose‐modified PS (TBG) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐functionalized living cells (HV) are successively modified on each side of BC through biological metabolism and bio‐orthogonal reaction. As the outermost layer, the TBG layer can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light illumination to efficiently combat bacterial infections. The HV layer is the inner layer near the diabetic wound, which servs as a living factory to continuously secrete VEGF to accelerate wound repair by promoting fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis. The sandwiched structural artificial skin HV@BC@TBG is nontoxic, biocompatible, and demonstrated its ability to significantly accelerate the healing process of infected diabetic wounds, rendering it a promising next‐generation medical therapy for chronic wound management.
Base‐Promoted Selective Synthesis of Alkynyl Sulfides via C−S Bond Cleavage of Alkynyl Sulfonium Salts
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Su Mengke , Xu Hanmiao , Zhou Junqi , Wen Jian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn effective one‐pot approach has been devised for the selective synthesis of alkynyl sulfides through the cleavage of C−S bonds in alkynyl sulfonium salts. This method involves a base‐promoted nucleophilic ring‐opening and desulfurization pathway, enabling the efficient preparation of diverse alkynyl sulfide compounds. The reaction demonstrates excellent tolerance to various functional groups and proves applicable to the late‐stage functionalization of bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals. Moreover, the practicality of this method has been underscored through scale‐up reaction and modification of alkynyl sulfide products.
The misuse of permanganate as a quantitative measure of soil organic carbon
Authors: Margenot Andrew J. , Wade Jordon , Woodings Finnleigh S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the last two decades, permanganate has been used to define what is assumed to be a labile or “active” soil carbon (C) pool, commonly referred to as “permanganate‐oxidizable carbon” (POXC). However, uncertainties in the reduction reaction (Mn7+ → Mn4+/Mn2+) and even greater uncertainties in the oxidation reaction (C? → C?) as well as the reaction of non‐C reductants in the soil sample preclude the calculation of milligram C per kilogram of soil oxidized. Combined variation in the reduction–oxidation reactions can entail up to fivefold variation in how much soil organic C is oxidized per unit permanganate reduced. Without determining final reduction state of Mn and the initial and final oxidation states of C, the amount of C oxidized cannot be calculated. Unless a concrete understanding of the reduction and oxidation half‐reactions is achieved, an alternative expression of permanganate reactivity of a soil sample (i.e., not mg C kg−1 soil) is needed.
Effect of the Post‐Annealing Temperature on the Interfacial Reaction Between a High TC Superconductor and Topological Insulator
Authors: Lee Woo‐Jung , Hwang Tae‐Ha , Cho Dae‐Hyung , Jeong Kwangsik , Lim Soyoung , Kim Rina , Chung Yong‐Duck 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis work reports the formation of a heterojunction composed of Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 (Tl‐2212) and Bi2Se3 as the high critical temperature superconductor and topological insulator, respectively. The Bi2Se3 film is deposited on the Tl‐2212 by a chemical mechanical polishing process. Due to the rough surface of Tl‐2212, the treated Tl‐2212 is then subjected to post‐annealing at various temperatures. This temperature does not affect the formation of the interfacial layer at the heterojunction; however, an improved layered crystal structure of the Bi2Se3 film is observed at 500 °C. The in‐depth profile of the relative atomic concentration indicates the diffusion of Cu and Tl into the Bi2Se3 film with the Ba diffusion being closer to the interfacial layer. At 500 °C, Cu atoms are more actively diffused into the Bi2Se3 film, thus blocking Tl diffusion, and improving the layered crystal structure of the film. The density functional theory calculations reveal that the lowest formation energy of the Cu vacancy is when Bi2Se3 is in contact with Tl‐2212, which results in the diffusion of Cu atoms from Tl‐2212, thus transforming the interstitial Cu atoms into the film. These atoms have an n‐type doping effect and prefer intercalating at a vdW gap deep inside the layered Bi2Se3.
Application and parameterization of a one‐dimensional multifluid population balance model to bubble columns
Authors: Breit Ferdinand , Weibel Christian , von Harbou Erik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA one‐dimensional (1D) multifluid population balance model approach is presented as a compromise between computational effort and accuracy. The approach is used to test process scenarios, perform sensitivity analysis, and provide a reliable reactor scale‐up and optimization tool. The article focuses on a mini‐plant batch bubble column, where the scale‐up behavior in terms of bubble column height, gas flux, and composition of the liquid phase is investigated. Although simplifications were made, the model requires calibration to experimental data using different calibration methods. An optimal calibration procedure is found that minimizes experimental effort while maximizing scalability. The model was tested on various liquid‐phase compositions, and it was found to reproduce experimental data accurately. However, the model cannot reproduce flow regime changes and does not perform well across substance systems. The study shows that the applied 1D multifluid population balance approach is a valuable and reliable tool in multiphase reactor scale‐up and optimization.
The effect of different solvents on the formation of large‐area MOF membranes
Authors: Zhou Fan , Chen Yanling , Zhang Zhengqing , Gu Zhenjie , Sun Yuxiu , Tong Minman , Yang Qingyuan , Dong Wenjun , Pan Yichang , Qiao Zhihua , Zhong Chongli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetal–organic framework (MOF) membranes are widely used in gas separation processes. However, the effect of solvents on the formation of large‐area MOF membranes, which directly influences separation performance, has rarely been investigated. In this study, three solvents (methanol, ethanol, and water) were selected to systematically investigate their effects on the zeolite imidazolium frameworks (ZIF) membrane formation via experimental validation and simulations. The results indicated that the solvent selection influenced crystallization rate, crystal size, and ZIF‐8 membrane formation ability. Particularly, when water was used as a solvent, slow nucleation and crystallization of the ZIF‐8 crystals were observed, resulting in a more complete crystal structure and a thinner ZIF‐8 membrane. Therefore, the ZIF‐8 membrane exhibited a gas permeance of 10,000 gas permeation unit and enhanced CO2/N2 selectivity. Furthermore, ZIF‐8 membrane with a surface area of 2400 cm2 and spiral‐wound membrane modules were developed, paving the way for large‐scale industrial production.
Assembly‐Induced Dynamic Structural Color in a Host‐Guest System for Time‐Dependent Anticounterfeiting and Double‐Lock Encryption
Authors: Ji Yufan , Song Tianfu , Yu Haifeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractManipulation of periodic micro/nanostructures in polymer film is of great importance for academics and industrial applications in anticounterfeiting. However, with the increasing demand on information security, materials with time‐dependent features are urgently required, especially the material where the same information can appear more than once on the time scale. Here, one concise strategy to realize time‐dependent anticounterfeiting and “double‐lock” information encryption based on a host‐guest system is proposed, with one photoresponsive azopolymer as the host and one liquid‐crystalline molecule as the guest. The system exhibits a tunable mass transport in pre‐designed periodic micro/nanostructures by tailoring the process of cis‐to‐trans recovery of azo groups and assembly of mesogenic trans‐isomers, resulting in a dynamic structural color in film. Taking advantage of this extraordinary feature, time‐dependent dynamic anticounterfeiting has been achieved. More importantly, the time of each state's appearance in the whole process can be modulated by changing the host‐guest ratio. Combining the manipulatable process of mass transport with the unique decoding method, the stored information in film can be decrypted correctly. This work provides an unprecedented dynamic approach for advanced anticounterfeiting technology with a higher level of security and high‐end applications in information encryption.
Overcoming Electrostatic Interaction via Pulsed Electroreduction for Boosting the Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis
Authors: Qiu Weibin , Qin Shimei , Li Yibao , Cao Ning , Cui Weirong , Zhang Zedong , Zhuang Zechao , Wang Dingsheng , Zhang Yong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic urea synthesis under ambient conditions offers a promising alternative strategy to the traditional energy‐intensive urea industry protocol. Limited by the electrostatic interaction, the reduction reaction of anions at the cathode in the electrocatalytic system is not easily achievable. Here, we propose a novel strategy to overcome electrostatic interaction via pulsed electroreduction. We found that the reconstruction‐resistant CuSiOx nanotube, with abundant atomic Cu−O−Si interfacial sites, exhibits ultrastability in the electrosynthesis of urea from nitrate and CO2. Under a pulsed potential approach with optimal operating conditions, the Cu−O−Si interfaces achieve a superior urea production rate (1606.1 μg h−1 mgcat.−1) with high selectivity (79.01 %) and stability (the Faradaic efficiency is retained at 80 % even after 80 h of testing), outperforming most reported electrocatalytic synthesis urea catalysts. We believe our strategy will incite further investigation into pulsed electroreduction increasing substrate transport, which may guide the design of ambient urea electrosynthesis and other energy conversion systems.
MRI Probes for In Vivo Aldehyde Sensing
Authors: Kirby Alexia , Suchý Mojmír , Shuhendler Adam J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEndogenous aldehydes are produced via tightly regulated metabolic processes and are rapidly cleared by aldehyde dehydrogenases. However, dysregulation of these processes leads to accumulation of toxic aldehydes in affected tissues, resulting in electrophilic stress forming pathogenic DNA‐ and protein‐adducts. The highly reactive aldehydes contribute to numerous pathologies including traumatic brain injury, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and fibrosis. Due to their transient nature and electrophilicity, the development of molecular imaging probes with the ability to trap and detect aldehydes in vivo remains a challenge. Herein, two classes of aldehyde‐mapping MRI probes are discussed: (1) gadolinium and manganese‐containing macrocyclic MRI agents targeting extracellular aldehydes produced during active tissue fibrosis, and (2) metal‐free hydrazoCEST‐MRI agents for total intracellular aldehyde detection. This comprehensive review outlines the development, mechanisms, and potential applications of diverse MRI probes targeting aldehydes, aiming to advance non‐invasive diagnostic tools, disease staging, and therapeutic interventions in multiple pathologies.
Isopropanolamine‐modified ammonium polyphosphate for improved flame retardancy of epoxy resin
Authors: Zou Yingbing , Shi Junjie , Cui Wenqi , Shi Zhehang , Yang Shuguang , Luo Fubin , Li Hongzhou 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work, the flame retardant ISA‐APP, obtained by modification of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with isopropanolamine (ISA), was employed in epoxy resins (EP) in an attempt to enhance the fire resistance of EP. The findings indicate that, with an incorporation of 20 wt% ISA‐APP in the EP, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of EP/ISA‐APP attains 33.5%, accompanied by a UL‐94 test V‐0 rating. This performance surpasses the flame retardancy observed in EP/APP composites at equivalent content. The outcomes derived from the cone calorimeter test (CCT) demonstrate that EP/ISA‐APP significantly suppresses the release of heat, generation of smoke, and emission of noxious gas during EP/ISA‐APP combustion. The peak‐heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of EP/ISA‐APP are decreased by 74.4% and 63.6%, respectively, compared to pure EP. Further analysis of the char residues of EP/ISA‐APP shows that the POC structure generated during combustion effectively contributes to a high‐quality char layer formation. This investigation presents a viable approach for enhancing flame retardant and economic benefits of APP and advancing the development of highly effective flame retardants.