bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extant interspecific hybridization among trematodes within the Schistosoma haematobium species complex in Nigeria
Authors: Ajakaye Oluwaremilekun G. , Enabulele Elisha E. , Balogun Joshua B. , Oyeyemi Oyetunde T. , Grigg Michael E. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Natural interspecific hybridization between the human parasite (Schistosoma haematobium [Sh]) and bovine parasites (Schistosoma bovis [Sb], Schistosoma curassoni [Sc]) is increasingly reported in Africa. We developed a multi-locus PCR DNA-Seq strategy that amplifies two unlinked nuclear (transITS, BF) and two linked organellar genome markers (CO1, ND5) to genotype S. haematobium eggs collected from infected people in Ile Oluji/Oke Igbo, Ondo State (an agrarian community) and Kachi, Jigawa State (a pastoral community) in Southwestern and Northern Nigeria, respectively.

Principal findings
Out of a total of 219 urine samples collected, 57 were positive for schistosomes. All patients from Jigawa state possessed an Sh mitochondrial genome and were infected with a genetic profile consistent with an Sh x Sb hybrid based on sequences obtained at CO1, ND5, transITS and BF nuclear markers. Whereas samples collected from Ondo state were more varied. Mitonuclear discordance was observed in all 17 patients, worms possessed an Sb mitochondrial genome but one of four different genetic profiles at the nuclear markers, either admixed (heterozygous between Sh x Sc or Sh x Sb) at both markers (n = 10), Sh at BF and admixed at transITS (Sh x Sc) (n = 5), admixed (Sh x Sc) at BF and homozygous Sc at transITS (n = 1) or homozygous Sh at BF and homozygous Sc at transITS (n = 1).

Significance
Previous work suggested that zoonotic transmission of S. bovis in pastoral communities, where humans and animals share a common water source, is a driving factor facilitating interspecific hybridization. However, our data showed that all samples were hybrids, with greater diversity identified in Southwestern Nigeria, a non-pastoral site. Further, one patient possessed an S. bovis mitochondrial genome but was homozygous for S. haematobium at BF and homozygous for S. curassoni at transITS supporting at least two separate backcrosses in its origin, suggesting that interspecific hybridization may be an ongoing process.
Endemic status of urogenital schistosomiasis and the efficacy of a single-dose praziquantel treatment in unmapped rural farming communities in Oyo East Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Odaibo Alexander B. , Komolafe Adenike K. , Olajumoke Taiwo O. , Diyan Kanyinsola D. , Aluko Damilare A. , Alagbe Oluwatunmininu A. , Ajagbe Oluwafemi A. , Olarinloye David B. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Schistosomiasis is endemic in Nigeria, and the treatment is largely concentrated on children enrolled in schools. Consequently, the coverage of non-enrolled school-aged children is often neglected. Ajagba and Awosan are two communities in Nigeria that have never had any control intervention. Hence, this survey was designed to determine the endemicity of urogenital schistosomiasis and to evaluate the efficacy of a single-dose praziquantel in the communities.

Methods
Urine sample (10 mL) of each participant from Ajagba and Awosan communities was filtered through 12μm polycarbonate filter. The filter was placed on a microscope slide, and stained with a drop of 1% Lugol iodine solution. The stained slides were examined under the microscope and the numbers of S. haematobium eggs were counted. Water contact sites were searched for snail hosts and the snails collected were shed for Schistosoma cercariae. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 and the significance level was set at 95%.

Results
The overall prevalence of infection in the Ajagba community was 45.6% with a mean intensity of 61.1 ± 144.5 eggs/10 mL of urine, while the prevalence of infection in the Awosan community was 5.7% with a mean intensity of 1.4 ± 6.8 eggs/10 mL of urine. The school-aged children had a prevalence and mean intensity of infection of 73.1% and 111.6 ± 177.9 eggs/10 mL of urine, respectively. Following treatment, women had a higher egg reduction rate than men (p = 0.0283). Bulinus globosus were found in Ajagba but not in Awosan, with 5.7% shedding Schistosoma spp, cercariae.

Conclusion
Urogenital schistosomiasis was hyperendemic in the Ajagba community, and hypoendemic in the Awosan community. The presence of Bulinus globosus supported the transmission of the schistosomiasis in the Ajagba community. Communities where schistosomiasis is still actively transmitted in Nigeria should be identified for effective intervention through the MDA programs.
Ginkgo biloba attenuated detrimental inflammatory and oxidative events due to Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in mice treated with melarsoprol
Authors: Wendo Janet Khatenje , Mbaria James Mucunu , Nyariki James Nyabuga , Isaac Alfred Orina 
Published: April 2024

Background
The severe late stage Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r) is characterized by damage to the blood brain barrier, severe brain inflammation, oxidative stress and organ damage. Melarsoprol (MelB) is currently the only treatment available for this disease. MelB use is limited by its lethal neurotoxicity due to post-treatment reactive encephalopathy. This study sought to assess the potential of Ginkgo biloba (GB), a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, to protect the integrity of the blood brain barrier and ameliorate detrimental inflammatory and oxidative events due to T.b.r in mice treated with MelB.

Methodology
Group one constituted the control; group two was infected with T.b.r; group three was infected with T.b.r and treated with 2.2 mg/kg melarsoprol for 10 days; group four was infected with T.b.r and administered with GB 80 mg/kg for 30 days; group five was given GB 80mg/kg for two weeks before infection with T.b.r, and continued thereafter and group six was infected with T.b.r, administered with GB and treated with MelB.

Results
Co-administration of MelB and GB improved the survival rate of infected mice. When administered separately, MelB and GB protected the integrity of the blood brain barrier and improved neurological function in infected mice. Furthermore, the administration of MelB and GB prevented T.b.r-induced microcytic hypochromic anaemia and thrombocytopenia, as well as T.b.r-driven downregulation of total WBCs. Glutathione analysis showed that co-administration of MelB and GB prevented T.b.r-induced oxidative stress in the brain, spleen, heart and lungs. Notably, GB averted peroxidation and oxidant damage by ameliorating T.b.r and MelB-driven elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain, kidney and liver. In fact, the co-administered group for the liver, registered the lowest MDA levels for infected mice. T.b.r-driven elevation of serum TNF-α, IFN-γ, uric acid and urea was abrogated by MelB and GB. Co-administration of MelB and GB was most effective in stabilizing TNFα levels. GB attenuated T.b.r and MelB-driven up-regulation of nitrite.

Conclusion
Utilization of GB as an adjuvant therapy may ameliorate detrimental effects caused by T.b.r infection and MelB toxicity during late stage HAT.
Simulation of single-effect and triple-effect evaporator for fruit juice concentration using Aspen HYSYS
Authors: Hameed Khalid W. , Khadom Anees A. , Mahood Hameed B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
One of the most popular methods of fruit juice preservation is concentration since it offers a variety of advantages, like decreased volume, weight, packing, simpler transportation and handling, and a longer shelf life. The present paper studied the evaporation of fruit juice in single- and triple-effect evaporators using Aspen HYSYS software. The amount of juice was 3000 kg/h, and its concentration was raised from 10 to 50 °Brix. Four evaporator layouts were estimated and optimized: single-effect, modified single-effect, forward triple-effect, and triple-effect in parallel. It is a study of the effect of the temperature of saturated steam (120–300 °C) used to concentrate the juice and the pressure of the product (15–50 kPa) on the mass flow rate of steam required, economy, and overall heat transfer coefficient times area (UA) of the evaporator. The best operating conditions for each type of evaporation system were 15 kPa of the product’s pressure for all types of evaporators, 192, 240, 182, and 210 °C of the single-effect, modified single-effect, forward triple-effect, and parallel triple-effect, respectively. These operating conditions are equivalent to the steam required, economy, UA, and steam cost as follows: for each type, they were (3075, 338.4, 1224, and 1100 kg/h), (0.78, 7.1, 1.96, and 2.15), (40,182, 74,505, 539,987, 152,173 kJ/°C h), and (12.68 × 103, 12.76 × 103, 12.65 × 103, and 12.73 × 103 $/h), respectively.
An experimental approach to the study of amber processing in the Neolithic: technical analysis of the Siliņupe amber assemblage, 4
th
mill. BC, Latvia
Authors: Čakare Agnese 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Amber appears in the archaeological material of the Eastern Baltic region in the Middle Neolithic and continues in intensive use until the end of the Neolithic. Four major amber-working centres are known in the Eastern Baltic, the least studied of which is the settlement of Siliņupe (4th mill. BC). Not yet widely applied in research on Stone Age amber technologies, but very promising, is an analytical approach combining experimental archaeology and traceology to study processing choices made in specific production stages (i. e., individual technological elements), revealing that fine-grained sandstone was favoured for surface grinding, while flint tools were most widely used for shaping and surface treatment, distinguishing three techniques, namely shaving, scraping and pressure flaking, each identifiable by characteristic features. The study suggests that amber and flint processing were largely intertwined, as pressure flaking along with indirect percussion (used for splitting amber) derive from flint processing, and in the case of pressure flaking, required specific know-how.
Advanced synthetic routes of metal organic frameworks and their diverse applications
Authors: Iram Ghazala , Ateeq-Ur-Rehman  , Iqbal Muhammad Adan , Zafar Ayesha , Majeed Adnan , Hayat Sofia , Nawaz Maubashera 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials characterized by their porous structures, formed through coordination bonding between metal ions/clusters and multidentate organic linkers. MOFs have emerged as a significant class of materials with applications in energy storage, CO2 adsorption, and catalysis. This study serves as a brief introduction to the currently available synthesis methods of MOFs, aimed at acquainting beginners in the field of chemical engineering with the ongoing developments in MOF research. The discussed synthesis methods encompass traditional solvothermal/hydrothermal approaches, microwave synthesis of MOFs, one-pot synthesis, MOF nanocomposites, isothermal synthesis, and fluid-fluid synthesis. Notably, the MOF/NH2/Fe3O4 combination exhibited enhanced adsorption capacity of 618 mg/g and retained an efficiency of over 90 %. This study displays a valuable technique for designing functional MOF hybrid composites. By combining MOFs with specific materials, numerous advantages can be achieved in the newly created compounds (MOF composites), including synergistic effects beneficial in catalytic applications, and overcoming the challenges associated with using bare MOFs.
Reliability and measurement error of exercise-induced hypoalgesia in pain-free adults and adults with musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review
Authors: Aron Vladimir , Strul David , Vaegter Henrik Bjarke , Pitance Laurent , Armijo-Olivo Susan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We systematically reviewed the reliability and measurement error of exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) in pain-free adults and in adults with musculoskeletal (MSK) pain.

Methods
We searched EMBASE, PUBMED, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and PSYCINFO from inception to November 2021 (updated in February 2024). In addition, manual searches of the grey literature were conducted in March 2022, September 2023, and February 2024. The inclusion criteria were as follows: adults – pain-free and with MSK pain – a single bout of exercise (any type) combined with experimental pre-post pain tests, and assessment of the reliability and/or measurement error of EIH. Two independent reviewers selected the studies, assessed their Risk of Bias (RoB) with the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) RoB tool, and graded the individual results (COSMIN modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation).

Results
We included five studies involving pain-free individuals (n = 168), which were deemed to have an overall “doubtful” RoB. No study including adults with MSK pain was found. The following ranges of parameters of reliability and measurement error of EIH were reported: intraclass correlation coefficients: 0–0.61; kappa: 0.01–0.46; standard error of measurement: 30.1–105 kPa and 10.4–21%; smallest detectable changes: 83.54–291.1 kPa and 28.83–58.21%.

Conclusions
We concluded, with a very low level of certainty, that the reliability and measurement error of EIH is, in pain-free adults, respectively, “insufficient” and “indeterminate.” Future studies should focus on people with MSK pain and could consider using tailored exercises, other test modalities than pressure pain threshold, rater/assessor blinding, and strict control of the sources of variations (e.g., participants’ expectations).
Effects of bleed pressure on shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions in a transonic compressor stator with suction holes
Authors: Li Bai , Zhou Xun , Luo Lei , Du Wei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper numerically investigated the influence of bleed pressure on the shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction in a transonic compressor stator with a row of suction holes. These suction holes are arranged on the suction surface in the spanwise direction. Six different bleed pressure ratios are studied at an inlet Mach number of 1.0. Results show that the reduction in the pressure loss increases as the bleed pressure decreases, and the maximum relative decline is 36.4 % when the flow loss caused by the suction flow path is taken into account. The bleeding of suction holes changes the shock wave structure, and the modified shock wave structure is three-dimensional. As the bleed pressure decreases, the tangential momentum of boundary layer increases. A strong spanwise variation in the boundary layer is observed downstream of the suction hole. Turning the flow direction and creating a favorable pressure gradient are key reasons for controlling boundary layer separation.
Right to a modern trial: A new principle on the horizon of the digital age
Authors: Osztovits András 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe study presents the most important common features of current judicial systems and argues that the courts are finding it more difficult to fulfil their role in the 21st century in a changing social and economic context. The development of information technology is also challenging the courts, which can only respond adequately by bringing modern technology into the courts themselves, allowing clients to access the courts online, outside office hours, and to receive meaningful, fast and efficient assistance in resolving their disputes. The study proposes that, in addition to the right to a fair trial, the right to a modern trial should be a requirement for the state to ensure that these requirements are met. These two principles, complementing each other, would help to ensure access to justice for clients in the 21st century. The adoption and implementation of this new principle will require a number of legal and technological changes. Yet it is not their implementation that seems the most difficult, but a change in the general legal thinking about the functioning of the courts, according to which the court is primarily a physical place where disputes are settled, and its role is not to provide a wide range of services, but only to deliver judgments.
Influence of heat input and preheating on residual stresses in pipe weld
Authors: Alhafadhi Mahmood , Alsigar Masar , Zahraa A. Oudah , Bézi Zoltán , Sahm Alden abd alal , Reddy P. Ravinder 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUsing finite element methods, residual stresses were estimated in pipe welds. Experiments were also conducted to verify the numerical results. An alternative to a three-dimensional model was used to simplify the numerical calculation for residual stresses investigation. Model predictions were validated by measuring residual stresses using X-ray diffraction. As compared to measured residual stress distributions, the computational approaches developed in this study can accurately predict welding residual stress distributions. The focused welding parameters have a significant impact on residual stresses even when all the other parameters are the same.
Tratamiento de agua residual mediante aplicación de sultafo de aluminio y biopolímero natural de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica)
Authors: Fernández Gutiérrez Yurka , Ruiz Huamán Carmen 
Published: April 2024

Dentro del tratamiento primario de aguas residuales se encuentran dos procesos interrelacionados, la coagulación y la floculación, donde se busca disminuir la carga de la turbidez, para lo cual se emplean aditivos químicos denominados coagulantes. En razón al interés que existe de innovar nuevas tecnologías para el tratamiento de aguas residuales, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar las dosis óptimas y comparar la eficiencia de remoción de la turbidez y variación en el nivel de pH; entre un coagulante químico sulfato de aluminio y un biocoagulante obtenido a partir de restos de tamarindo. Para evaluar los parámetros de turbidez y pH las muestras fueron sometidas al test de jarras para representar las etapas de coagulación y floculación. Se trabajaron tres repeticiones de las concentraciones empleadas 5, 10 y 15 ml, para ambos tratamientos. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la remoción de turbidez por el coagulante químico fue más eficiente en un margen del 40% respecto al tratamiento con biocoagulante. El tratamiento con biocoagulante con dosis de 10 ml reflejó mejor desempeño en contraste con otros del mismo grupo; mientras que, para el sulfato de aluminio, la dosis con mejores resultados fue la de 15 ml. El estudio muestra la importancia de presentar alternativas a los tratamientos convencionales con coagulantes químicos que afectan a largo plazo a nuestra salud, y que además conlleva a efectos secundarios dentro del mismo proceso de tratamiento de aguas.

Palabras clave: aguas residuales, biocoagulante, neutralización, remoción, sulfato de aluminio.
Impacto del modelo para la Conceptualización del Diseño Arquitectónico (MCDA) sobre el aprendizaje del diseño arquitectónico en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Chambi Flores Daniel Rubén Chambi Flores 
Published: April 2024

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el Impacto del Modelo para la Conceptualización del Diseño Arquitectónico (MCDA) sobre el aprendizaje del diseño arquitectónico en estudiantes universitarios de Tarapoto. Se valoró la aplicación de la metodología para analizar los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje del diseño arquitectónico, por haber sido sometida previamente a un procedimiento de validación. Después de una revisión de las bases de datos nacionales e internacionales, se puede constatar la necesidad de elaborar una investigación aplicada a la pedagogía en arquitectura porque aún quedan varios campos de la enseñanza del diseño arquitectónico donde seguir profundizando. El primer objetivo de la investigación busca determinar el Impacto del Modelo para la Conceptualización del Diseño Arquitectónico (MCDA) sobre el aprendizaje del diseño arquitectónico en estudiantes universitarios de Tarapoto. se aprecia que de que el resultado de la Prueba T de Student es igual a -2.592 con 19 grados de libertad y un p valor de 0.018 (p<0.05), lo que indica que existe una diferencia significativa en el resultado obtenido por los 20 estudiantes, que al ser evaluados en el post test, obtuvieron mejores puntajes a comparación del pre test. Por lo tanto, se concluye que el impacto del modelo MCDA es significativo en el aprendizaje del diseño arquitectónico en estudiantes universitarios de Tarapoto.
The Effects of High- vs. Low-Load Resistance Training on Strength and Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review.
Authors: Jim´énez-Saiz Sergio L. , Alix Carlos , Del Coso Juan , Balsalobre-Fernández Carlos 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Traditionally, it has been proposed that strength gains and muscle hypertrophy required distinct characteristics to be achieved with resistance training. However, current evidence shows that the obtaining of improvements of strength and hypertrophy can be obtained with a single resistance training protocol. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the existing body of literature pertaining to association between load during resistance training and their effects on strength gains and muscle hypertrophy.
METHODOLOGY: Searches were conducted on Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, and Embase with no year restriction applied to the search strategy. Selected studies met the following inclusion criteria: (a) studies that included a combination of young and old males and females, with no known medical conditions or injuries; (b) including a resistance training with high-loads (≥60% of one-repetition maximum, 1RM) or low-loads (<60% 1RM); (c) the duration and frequency of the resistance training protocols was equal; (d) measurement of hypertrophy and/or strength gains induced by the training; (e) in English and published in peer-reviewed journals.
RESULTS: A total of 24 studies were included in the review. Overall, the increase in muscle mass were similar for both high-load and low-load resistance training protocols. However, in 10 out of 24 studies, the gains in strength were significantly higher with the high-load resistance training when compared to the low-load protocol.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of loads above ≥60% of 1RM during a resistance training induces higher gains in muscle strength while muscle hypertrophy is similar to resistance training with lower loads. This suggests that the use of high loads is recommended during resistance training with the aim of maximizing training adaptations.