bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective evaluation of the incidence and severity of hemosiderosis in a large captive lemur population
Authors: Glenn Kelly M. , Campbell Jennifer L. , Rotstein David , Williams Cathy V. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSignificant concern has been generated about the susceptibility of captive lemurs to iron storage disease, which has led some researchers to propose husbandry changes regarding dietary iron. In the current study we sought to determine the history, severity, and prevalence of iron storage disease within a large captive lemur population. Iron concentration and hemosiderin accumulation in a target organ, the liver, were assessed in necropsy specimens from 15 different species (n=153) of lemurs over a 12‐yr period at the Duke University Primate Center. Banked liver tissue was used to quantify liver iron concentration (LIC) via neutron activation analysis (NAA). Prussian blue staining was used to accentuate the presence of liver iron for evaluation using an established scoring system. Of the 153 reports examined, 49 (32%) of the animals were considered positive for the presence of hemosiderin in the liver, lymph node, duodenum, and kidney, with 36 of the 49 (73%) showing deposition of iron in the liver. Total iron scores (TIS) ranged from 0.3 ± 0.3 in Lemur catta to 33.3±1.7 in Cheirogaleus medius. The mean LIC ranged from 209±1.4 µg/g wet weight in L. catta to 2957±414 µg/g in C. medius. Management practices may have contributed to some of the results observed in this study. Although evidence of excess iron deposition in the liver was present across several species studied, the levels were not as pervasive as previously reported in other captive lemur populations. Hemochromatosis was not observed, and excess iron was not related to the cause of death in any of the animals studied. The current findings suggest that iron overload in lemurs may be more complex than was previously believed. Am. J. Primatol. 68:369–381, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mating behavior and endocrine profiles of wild black and white Colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza): toward an understanding of their life history and mating system
Authors: Harris Tara R. , Monfort Steven L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBlack and white colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza, “guerezas”) show no external signs of estrus, and little is known about their mating behavior or reproductive endocrinology. To learn more about the life history characteristics and mating system of guerezas, we documented the mating behavior and ovarian hormone profiles of 10 cycling, lactating, and pregnant females in a wild population. We studied six groups of guerezas in Kibale National Park, Uganda, and collected ad libitum data on their mating behavior. We collected urine samples every 1.9±0.2 days from potentially fertile females and quantified conjugated urinary estrogen (E1S) and progesterone (PdG) metabolites using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Females solicited 50.5% of copulations, and most copulations occurred during the interval starting 5 days before presumptive ovulation and ending 2–3 days later, with the highest copulatory levels occurring close to ovulation. We show that the median ovarian cycle length is 24 days, the median gestation length is ∼158 days, the length of lactational amenorrhea is at least 7–8 months, and the median interbirth interval for females with surviving infants is ∼22 months. We also document overlap between females' receptive periods in one‐male, two‐ to three‐female groups, which may mean that male transfer into such groups is potentially profitable. Am. J. Primatol. 68:383–396, 2006.© 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Life on the edge: gastrointestinal parasites from the forest edge and interior primate groups
Authors: Chapman Colin A. , Speirs Michaela L. , Gillespie Thomas R. , Holland Timothy , Austad Kiersten M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractHumans are responsible for massive changes to primate habitats, and one unanticipated consequence of these alterations may be changes in host–parasite interactions. Edges are a ubiquitous aspect of human disturbance to forest landscapes. Here we examine how changes associated with the creation of edges in Kibale National Park, Uganda, alter the parasite community that is supported by two species of African colobines: the endangered red colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) and the black‐and‐white colobus (Colobus guereza). An analysis of 822 fecal samples from edge and forest interior groups revealed no difference in the richness of parasite communities (i.e., the number of parasite species recovered from the host's fecal sample). However, for both species the proportion of individuals with multiple infections was greater in edge than forest interior groups. The prevalence of specific parasites also varied between edge and forest interior groups. Oesophagostomum sp., a potentially deleterious parasite, was 7.4 times more prevalent in red colobus on the edge than in those in the forest interior, and Entamoeba coli was four times more prevalent in red colobus on the edge than in animals from the forest interior. Environmental contamination with parasites (measured as parasite eggs/gm feces) by red colobus from the edge and forest interior differed in a similar fashion to prevalence for red colobus, but it did not differ for black‐and‐white colobus. For example, egg counts of Oesophagostomum sp. were 10 times higher in red colobus from the edge than in those from the interior. The less severe infections in the black‐and‐white colobus relative to the red colobus may reflect the fact that black‐and‐white colobus raid agricultural crops while red colobus do not. This nutritional gain may facilitate a more effective immune response to parasites by the black‐and‐white colobus. The fact that animals on the edge are likely not nutritionally stressed raises an intriguing question as to what facilitates the elevated infections in edge animals. We speculate that interactions with humans may be linked to the observed patterns of infections, and hence that understanding the ecology of infectious diseases in nonhuman primates is of paramount importance for conservation and potentially for human‐health planning. Am. J. Primatol. 68:397–409, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Violent coalitionary attack by female mandrills against an injured alpha male
Authors: Setchell Joanna M. , Knapp Leslie A. , Wickings E. Jean 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFemale contact aggression against males is relatively rare in species in which the adult males are larger than the females, but it has the potential to influence group structure, male group membership, tenure, and dominance rank. We report an incident in which female mandrills living in a semi‐free‐ranging group in Franceville, Gabon, attacked a male that was apparently incapacitated after a fight with another male and was unable to escape. The attack involved the alpha male and did not occur in a sexual or infanticidal context. Other adult and adolescent males observed the attack, but when one adult male attempted to participate he was chased away by the females. This observation adds to reports of female coalitions excluding unwanted males from primate groups, or even killing them. The fact that this can also occur in mandrills suggests that females have a degree of control over male group membership, despite the large degree of sexual dimorphism in this species, and highlights the importance of coalitions in primate social organization. Am. J. Primatol. 68:411–418, 2006.© 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A tightly regulated inducible expression system utilizing the fim inversion recombination switch
Authors: Ham Timothy S. , Lee Sung Kuk , Keasling Jay D. , Arkin Adam P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe fim inversion system of Escherichia coli (E. coli) can behave as a unidirectional switch in an efficient manner. We have developed a new expression system for E. coli, comprising the arabinose‐inducible fimE gene and the fim invertible DNA segment containing a constitutively active promoter. In this system, the target gene is cloned with the promoter in the OFF orientation, resulting in no transcribed product. When induced by arabinose, the active promoter is switched to the ON orientation via FimE‐catalyzed DNA inversion, and the gene is expressed. Our expression system exhibited very tightly controlled basal expression and high induced expression, with simple induction by inexpensive arabinose. These characteristics make our system suitable for large‐scale expression or for production of toxic proteins. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The relationship of obesity to ischemic outcomes following coronary stent placement in contemporary practice
Authors: Martin Jack L. , Jia Gang , Martin Seth S. , Shapiro Timothy A. , Herrmann Howard C. , DiBattiste Peter M. , Topol Eric J. , Moliterno David J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectives:We analyzed the relationship of obesity, determined by body mass index (BMI), to short‐ and long‐term outcomes in the TARGET trial.BACKGROUND:Previous studies have conflicting findings regarding the relationship of BMI to outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:The TARGET trial studied the use of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibition in patients undergoing planned coronary stent placement.Results:Eighty‐one percent of all patients were overweight (BMI > 25), 36% were obese (BMI > 30), and United States patients were more frequently obese (38.7% vs. 25.8%, P < 0.001). Obese patients had a similar 30‐day ischemic event rate compared with nonobese patients, but less major bleeding (0.4% vs. 1.1%, P = 0.013). Six‐month death and myocardial infarction rates were similar in obese and nonobese patients. There was a J‐shaped relationship between 6‐month target vessel revascularization (TVR) and BMI with the lowest incidence of TVR at BMI 27.5. Six‐month TVR was higher in the morbidly (BMI > 35) obese (12.4% vs 8.7%, P < 0.05). In extremely (BMI > 32) obese patients, this relationship was more significant (TVR 11.3% vs. 8.5%, P = 0.007), particularly in patients <65 years of age (TVR 12.3% vs. 8.4%, P = 0.003).Conclusion:The majority of patients undergoing PCI are overweight, especially in the United States. Extreme obesity is associated with a significant increase in TVR following intent‐to‐stent PCI, especially in patients <65 years of age. With routine use of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors, other long‐ and short‐term ischemic events are similar in obese and nonobese patients. However, obese patients have significantly less major bleeding. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful closure of a giant true saphenous vein graft aneurysm using the Amplatzer vascular plug
Authors: Mylonas Ilias , Sakata Yoshihito , Salinger Michael H. , Feldman Ted 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAn 85‐year‐old man was found to have a 9 cm diameter true aneurysm of an obtuse marginal saphenous vein graft. The graft was fed by a relatively narrow neck from the proximal remnant of the obtuse marginal graft 10 years after prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery. An Amplatzer vascular plug was used successfully to occlude the neck of the aneurysm. Follow‐up CT scan 1 month afterward demonstrated retained contrast in the aneurysm, demonstrating complete occlusion between the aorta and aneurysm sac. Pressure recordings from within the aneurysm sac suggest bidirectional flow in the neck as the mechanism for the maintained patency of the aneurysm. The use of a vascular plug is an effective method for aneurysm occlusion when the anatomy is suitable. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of overlapping drug‐eluting stents in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Chu William W. , Kuchulakanti Pramod K. , Torguson Rebecca , Wang Betty , Clavijo Leonardo C. , Suddath William O. , Pichard Augusto D. , Satler Lowell F. , Kent Kenneth M. , Waksman Ron 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground: Sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES) implantation for the treatment of single coronary lesions is proven to be effective and durable. However, the safety and efficacy of overlapping SES for the treatment of long lesions have not been well established. Objectives: We conducted a retrospective analysis to compare the clinical outcomes of overlapping versus nonoverlapping SES. Methods: Fifty‐five patients who received overlapping SES were compared with 39 patients who received nonoverlapping SES. Results: The baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were balanced between the two study groups. The in‐hospital complications were similar between groups, except that non‐Q‐wave myocardial infarction was significantly higher in the Overlapping SES group when compared with the Nonoverlapping SES group (23.6% vs. 7.7%, P = 0.04). This higher rate of myonecrosis is due to periprocedural side branch compromises, including side branch narrowing, occlusion, and flow reduction. At 30 days and 6 months follow‐up, all clinical outcomes were similar between the study groups. In addition, the event‐free survival rate was similar between groups (P = 0.87). Conclusions: The implantation of overlapping SES for the treatment of long, native coronary lesions is feasible and effective but is associated with an increased rate of periprocedural myonecrosis. This phenomenon is caused primarily by side branch compromises, but does not have any adverse impact on late clinical events. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous pulmonary valve placement in a 10‐month‐old patient using a hand crafted stent‐mounted porcine valve
Authors: Feinstein Jeffrey A. , Kim Nancy , Reddy V. Mohan , Perry Stanton B. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPercutaneous replacement of the pulmonary valve in a right ventricle to pulmonary artery (RV–PA) conduit using bovine jugular valves has recently been described as an alternative to surgical options in selected patients weighing ≥20 kg. We report the first case of transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation in an infant and the first use of “off the shelf” components. A 12‐mm (Hancock) porcine valve was sutured into a predilated Genesis 2510b stent. The valved stent was manually crimped and mounted on a 12‐mm balloon. Snare‐assisted deployment in the middle of the RV–PA conduit was accomplished without the use of a long sheath. After the initial deployment, a 14‐mm balloon was used to further approximate the stent to the walls of the conduit. Short‐term (11 month) follow‐up has demonstrated continued valve integrity, markedly decreased right ventricular size and improved function and symptomatic improvement. At 10 months of age, this case represents the youngest patient to undergo percutaneous valve placement and documents the technical feasibility of the procedure. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Propensity score analysis of vascular complications after diagnostic cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention 1998–2003
Authors: Applegate Robert J. , Sacrinty Matthew T. , Kutcher Michael A. , Baki Talal T. , Gandhi Sanjay K. , Santos Renato M. , Little William C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the adjusted risk of vascular complications after manual compression and vascular closure devices for femoral artery access site management in a large contemporary cohort, using propensity score analysis. Background: Vascular closure devices (VCD) allow early ambulation after cardiac procedures involving femoral artery access, but whether the benefit of use of vascular closure devices (VCD) is offset by reduced safety in contemporary practice remains uncertain. Methods: Twenty one thousand eight hundred and forty one consecutive diagnostic cardiac catheterization (n = 13,124) and percutaneous coronary intervention procedures (n = 8,717) performed via a femoral access at a single site (WFUBMC) between 1998 and 2003 were evaluated. VCD's were used based on operator preference. Propensity to receive a vascular closure device (VCD) was calculated. The relative incidence of vascular complications was evaluated by logistic regression models, using the propensity score as a covariate. Results: Overall, the unadjusted incidence of any vascular complication was 1.3% for VCD use and 1.4% for manual compression, p = NS. The propensity score‐adjusted odds ratio for any vascular complication comparing VCD (n = 8,707) to manual compression (n = 13,034) was 0.86 (0.67–1.11) for all procedures, 0.80 (0.53–1.21) for diagnostic procedure, and 0.90 (0.65–1.26) for interventional procedures. Conclusions: In this large single‐center, contemporary observational study, the risk‐adjusted occurrence of vascular complications following VCD use for femoral artery access management is not increased by VCD use. Thus, in the current era, the benefit of VCD use is not offset by reduced safety. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transradial right and left heart catheterizations: A comparison to traditional femoral approach
Authors: Gilchrist Ian C. , Moyer Carey D. , Gascho Joseph A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectives: This study compares the transradial versus transfemoral approach to combined right‐ and left‐heart catheterization. Background: Central venous access from peripheral veins has been a historically useful technique. Although the need for right‐heart catheterization has been considered an exclusion for transradial catheterization, we have combined a peripheral approach to the central venous system with radial arterial access which permits bilateral heart catheterization using a transradial approach. Methods: Over an 18‐month period all right‐heart catheterizations done in conjunction with arterial access were reviewed. Salvage procedures, mixed site access, and biopsy procedures were excluded. Radial procedures were performed using radial artery access and a forearm vein. Femoral procedures used femoral artery/vein. Demographics, procedural information, and postprocedural complications including those requiring vascular ultrasound or transfusion were recorded and used for comparison between groups. Results: Total of 175 femoral/105 radial cases done by 4 operators met criteria for comparison. Both groups had similar procedural indications and age. Procedural durations were shorter (P < .01) with radial 70 ± 5.0 min (±95% CI) vs. femoral 75 ± 5.4 min (±95% CI). Crossover was noted in several patients from both groups; radial procedures (n = 2) failed due to previous shoulder trauma. Femoral crossover to radial involved difficult arterial access. Complications related to access site occurred in 12 femoral and 0 radial patients. Conclusions: Using the forearm for central venous access appears safer than using the femoral vessels. Transradial catheterizations can be done in combination with forearm venous access procedures with excellent results and enhanced patient safety. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GC‐MS analysis of amino acid enantiomers as their N(O,S)‐perfluoroacyl perfluoroalkyl esters: Application to space analysis
Authors: Zampolli M. , Meunier D. , Sternberg R. , Raulin F. , Szopa C. , Pietrogrande M.C. , Dondi F. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe target of the in‐situ research of optical activity in extraterrestrial samples stimulated an extended investigation of a GC–MS method based on the derivatization of amino acids by using a mixture of perfluorinated alcohols and perfluorinated anhydrides. Amino acids are converted to their N(O,S)–perfluoroacyl perfluoroalkyl esters in a single‐step procedure, using different combinations of the derivatization reagents trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA)‐2,2,2‐trifluoro‐1‐ethanol (TFE), TFAA‐2,2,3,3,4,4,4‐heptafluoro‐1‐butanol (HFB), and heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA)‐HFB. The derivatives obtained are analyzed using two different chiral columns: Chirasil‐L‐Val and γ‐cyclodextrin (Rt‐γ‐DEXsa) stationary phases which show different and complementary enantiomeric selectivity. The mass spectra of the derivatives are studied, and mass fragmentation patterns are proposed: significant fragment ions can be identified to detect amino acid derivatives. The obtained results are compared in terms of the enantiomeric separation achieved and mass spectrometric response. Linearity studies and the measurement of the limit of detection (LOD) show that the proposed method is suitable for a quantitative determination of enantiomers of several amino acids. The use of the programmed temperature vaporiser (PTV) technique for the injection of the untreated reaction mixture is a promising method for avoiding manual treatment of the sample and decreasing the LOD. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of the enantiomeric excess of an M3 antagonist drug substance by chemometric analysis of the IR spectra of different guest‐host complexes
Authors: Zhou Lili , Lin Zhihao , Welch Christopher J. , Ge Zhihong , Ellison Dean 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA novel approach for the potential on‐line determination of the enantiomeric excess (ee) of an M3 antagonist drug substance combining attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR‐IR) spectroscopy, guest‐host complexes, and chemometric data analysis is described. Chiral recognition through a formation of diastereomeric complexes was measured by ATR‐IR. Small changes on the IR spectra reflect the interaction between the guest (M3) and host (chiral selector). These changes are measured as a function of M3 enantiomer excess. The standard error of prediction is 1.3 ee%. The prediction results based on the IR method were in good agreement with the gravimetric method. The robustness of the calibration model was evaluated by varying the concentration of the chiral selector, the pH of the solution, and the organic solvents. The stability of the calibration model was also demonstrated through measuring different sets of samples on different days. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The dirhodium‐method in the determination of absolute configurations of phospholene chalcogenides
Authors: Moeller Stefan , Drzazga Zbigniew , Pakulski Zbigniew , Pietrusiewicz K. Michał , Duddeck Helmut 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR signals of six chiral phospholene chalcogenides (X = O, S, Se) are duplicated in the presence of one mole equivalent of the chiral auxiliary Rh2[(R)‐MTPA]4 (diastereomeric dispersion Δν; in Hz). The samples were investigated as nonracemic mixtures of enantiomers with known absolute configurations so that signs can be attributed to the Δν‐values and each signal set can be assigned to the respective enantiomer. The signs are uniform — in particular those of 1H nuclei — and nearly independent of the nature of the chalcogen atom. Thus, if the absolute configuration of one compound is known, it is possible to derive absolute configurations in the whole series (correlation method). Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.