bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEASURING MATERIAL DEPRIVATION WITH EU-SILC: LESSONS FROM THE IRISH SURVEY
Authors: Whelan Christopher T. , Maître Bertrand 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
In this paper we consider the consequences for measurement of material deprivation, consistent poverty and economic vulnerability of the shift from the ECHP data set to the EU-SILC instrument. Despite the restricted number of deprivation items available in EU-SILC, we show that there is a substantial overlap between such measures when they are estimated using EU-wide and a set of Irish specific indicators. By placing the EU-wide measures in the context of the full range of Irish indicators, we demonstrate that they allow us to identify clusters of individuals sharply differentiated in terms of their multidimensional deprivation profiles. They also provide an understanding of the socio-economic factors associated with such differentiation that departs in only modest respects from that derived from the more comprehensive set of Irish specific indicators.
CHILD POVERTY, EMPLOYMENT AND ETHNICITY IN THE UK: THE ROLE AND LIMITATIONS OF POLICY
Authors: Platt Lucinda 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
In 1999, the British Government stated its resolve to end child poverty within a generation. In doing so it recognised both the extent of child poverty in the UK and the moral imperative to do something about it. At around the same time, a government study of ethnic minority employment was undertaken, which was to lead to the establishment of the cross-departmental ethnic minority employment task force (EMETF) and a Public Services Agreement target for the Department for Work and Pensions on closing the ethnic minority employment gap. Despite apparent overlaps between these two agendas, given that many minority ethnic group families have children, and worklessness is one of the main causes of child poverty (though by no means the sole one), they were not really integrated. Nor has integration between them been seen – or encouraged – in European reporting processes covering topics linked to social inclusion and exclusion. In 2006, however, a link was made when the EMETF asked for a paper on child poverty to form the background to its work. This article builds on that initial link, discussing the intersection between child poverty and ethnic minority unemployment policy by illustrating the extent of child poverty as ethnically differentiated and exploring the ways in which it is related to aspects of employment. It goes on to consider the policy implications for both employment policy and income maintenance policy more generally, before examining the obstacles to an integrated approach both in terms of knowledge/understanding and the ways in which the two policy areas are conceived.
A qualitative single case study of parallel processes
Authors: Haugaard Jacobsen Claus 
Published: March 2007

AbstractParallel process in psychotherapy and supervision is a phenomenon manifest in relationships and interactions, that originates in one setting and is reflected in another. This article presents an explorative single case study of parallel processes based on qualitative analyses of two successive randomly chosen psychotherapy sessions with a schizophrenic patient and the supervision session given in between. The author's analysis is verified by an independent examiner's analysis. Parallel processes are identified and described. Reflections on the dynamics of parallel processes and supervisory interventions are reported and discussed.
Effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on antioxidant system and osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3‐E1 cells
Authors: Arai Masato , Shibata Yasuko , Pugdee Kamolparn , Abiko Yoshimitsu , Ogata Yorimasa 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOxidative stress regulates cellular functions in multiple pathological conditions, including bone formation by osteoblastic cells. However, little is known about the cellular mechanisms responsible for the effects of oxidative stress on osteoblast functions in senescence. To clarify the inhibitory effects of oxidative stress on osteoblastic mineralization, we examined the relationship between the antioxidant system and bone formation in MC3T3‐E1 cells. After a single exposure to H2O2 within range of a non‐toxic concentration for cells, the mineralization level was diminished half. Under the same conditions, gene expression of the transcription factor Nrf2, which regulates antioxidant enzymes, was up‐regulated. In addition, gene expression for the osteogenic markers Runx2, ALP, and BSP was lower than that in non‐treated cells, whereas expression of the osteocalcin gene was up‐regulated following H2O2 exposure. These results suggest that reduced mineralization by MC3T3‐E1 cells after H2O2 exposure is the result of an up‐regulated antioxidant system and altered osteogenic gene expression.
IUBMB Life, 59: 27‐33, 2007
Activity of β3‐β4 loop of the PH domain is required for the membrane targeting of SWAP‐70
Authors: Fukui Yasuhisa , Wakamatsu Isamu , Tachikawa Hiroyuki , Okamura Yoshihiko , Tanaka Takayuki , Ihara Sayoko 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSWAP‐70 translocates to the plasma membrane in a phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI 3‐kinase)‐dependent manner and contributes to membrane ruffling. It binds to phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) through its PH domain, which is essential for the membrane translocation after EGF stimulation. We examined the behavior of the SWAP‐70s which have mutations in the β3/β4 loop of the PH domain. The two mutants fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) carrying the mutations failed to translocate to the plasma membrane. The sole PH domains carrying the same mutations behaved similarly. The PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 binding activity of two mutants was comparable to that of the wild‐type protein. These results suggest that translocation of SWAP‐70 largely depends on the activity of the PH domain, and that not only PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 binding activity, but also some additional activity of the PH domain is required for the translocation.
IUBMB Life, 59: 99‐103, 2007
Regulation of type II collagen expression by cyclin‐dependent kinase 6, cyclin D1, and p21 in articular chondrocytes
Authors: Hwang Sang‐Gu , Song Sung‐Min , Kim Jeong‐Ran , Park Chun‐Shik , Song Woo‐Keun , Chun Jang‐Soo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study examined whether cell cycle regulatory proteins, such as cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), cyclins, and CDK inhibitors, regulate type II collagen expression and mediate interlukin‐1 (IL‐1β)‐induced suppression of type II collagen expression in articular chondrocytes. IL‐1β inhibited type II collagen expression, but activated CDK6. Ectopic expression of CDK2 did not alter type II collagen expression. However, overexpression of CDK6 inhibited type II collagen expression, whereas inhibition of CDK6 activity blocked IL‐1β‐induced suppression of type II collagen expression. IL‐1β upregulated the expression of cyclin D1, which is known to activate CDK6. In turn, overexpression of cyclin D1 suppressed type II collagen expression. In contrast to cyclin D1, IL‐1β triggered down‐regulation of the CDK inhibitor, p21. Overexpression of p21 blocked IL‐1β‐ or CDK6‐induced suppression of type II collagen expression. Our results collectively indicate that CDK6/cyclin D1/p21 complex regulates type II collagen expression in articular chondrocytes.
IUBMB Life, 59: 90‐98, 2007
Clinical Symptomatology and Paranasal Sinus Involvement With Nasal Septal Perforation
Authors: Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective: Determine the symptom manifestations, clinical impact, and incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in patients with newly diagnosed nasal septal perforation.Methods: A consecutive series of adult patients with nasal septal perforation were prospectively studied at the time of endoscopic diagnosis with the rhinosinusitis symptom inventory (RSI) and sinus computed tomography (CT). Patients' symptoms in the RSI symptom domains were computed. From the CT scan, septal perforation size and Lund scores were obtained. A separate (control) cohort of patients with CRS without septal perforation was matched to these patients for age, sex, and Lund score. RSI symptom domain comparisons were conducted between groups to determine the additional symptom burden conferred by septal perforation.Results: Thirty‐three patients with septal perforation were enrolled (mean age, 48.2 yr; 69.7% female). Mean perforation size was 1.9 (SD, 2.1) cm2. The mean Lund score was 5.8 (SD, 5.3); 16 (57.1%) patients met radiographic criteria for a concurrent diagnoses of CRS. Patients with septal perforation reported significant nasal and facial symptom domain scores (56.8 and 47.0, respectively [range, 0–100]). Oropharyngeal and systemic symptoms were less severe (29.7 and 34.7, respectively). However, after comparison with the matched control patients, no statistically significant differences were identified in sinonasal symptoms between patients with and without septal perforation (all P > .131).Conclusions: Concurrent CRS may frequently accompany nasal septal perforation and may require appropriate treatment along with the perforation itself. The presence of septal perforation does not appear to significantly augment symptom severity in CRS.
Concentration and Distribution of Hyaluronic Acid in Human Vocal Folds
Authors: Lebl Mariana Dantas Aumond , Martins João Roberto Maciel , Nader Helena Bonciani , Simões Manuel de Jesus , De Biase Noemi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis: To evaluate the concentration and distribution of hyaluronic acid (HA) in human adult vocal folds.Study Design: Experimental study.Methods: Histologic samples of the anterior, middle, and posterior regions of the vocal folds were studied to determine the tissue distribution of HA. The HA was traced with hyaluronan‐binding proteins (HAPB) from bovine cartilage. Chemical bonds were detected through the avidin‐biotin immunoperoxidase method. A control with the specific Streptomyces hyalurolyticus hyaluronidase was conducted to avoid false‐positive results. The concentration levels of HA were determined through a fluorescence‐based assay method with the same HAPB and europium‐labeled streptavidin.Results: Women presented higher HA concentrations than men in every studied region of the vocal folds and overall HA concentration levels twice as higher. In regard to the distribution of HA, the macula flavae and the vocal fold intermediate and deep layers presented marked staining, with moderate staining around the vessels, on the gland capsules, and the connective tissue surrounding the vocal fold muscular fibers.Conclusions: HA is diffusely distributed along the vocal folds; the profuse amounts of HA observed in the female vocal folds may be related to impact absorption, acting as a protective factor against the characteristic high vibration frequency.
Outcome Measurement for Patients Receiving Hearing Aid Services
Authors: Cook Jodi A. , Hawkins David B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this paper is to describe a useful patient report outcome measure for a hearing aid program that can be completed annually, with limited staff resources, and can be used to document performance excellence.Study Design and Methods: The International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI‐HA) questionnaire was mailed to all patients receiving new hearing aids and rehabilitative services during a 1 year period at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN). The data were analyzed to assess outcomes.Results: Overall, patients reported a high level of satisfaction and an improved quality of life. The results compared favorably with published norms and with the previous year's results.Conclusion: The IOI‐HA was implemented easily with little incremental cost. An annual project such as the one described can be used to demonstrate to administrators, patients, and payers that the clinic's rehabilitative hearing aid services have positive outcomes and that program quality is being monitored.
An Alternate Approach for Surgical Dressing of Bone‐Anchored Hearing Aid Abutment Sites
Authors: Falcone Michael T. , Labadie Robert F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective: To present an alternative surgical dressing for bone‐anchored hearing aid (BAHA) abutment sites, comparing it with the manufacturer's recommended “healing cap” in terms of split thickness skin graft (STSG) survival.Study Design and Setting: A retrospective review of 30 patients who underwent unilateral BAHA implantation at a tertiary referral center. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the surgical dressing for the BAHA abutment site. Group 1 had a “healing cap” dressing, and group 2 had a bolster dressing. STSG survival was evaluated.Results: Between May 2002 and July 2006, 30 patients underwent BAHA implantation. Seven patients received the “healing cap” dressing, and 23 patients received the bolster dressing. There was 100% STSG survival in the bolster dressing group and 71% skin graft survival in the healing cap group (P = .048).Conclusion: A traditional bolster dressing had improved STSG survival as compared with the manufacturer's recommended “healing cap.” Additional benefits of a bolster are that it is maintenance free, well suited for noncompliant patients, and inexpensive.
Congenital Cholesteatoma: Risk Factors for Residual Disease and Retraction Pockets—A Report on 117 Cases
Authors: Lazard Diane S. , Roger Gilles , Denoyelle Françoise , Chauvin Pierre , Garabédian Erea‐Noel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectives: To define predictors of residuals and retraction pockets (RP) in children operated on for congenital cholesteatoma (CC).Design and Setting: Retrospective review (1996–2005), academic center.Patients: One hundred seventeen patients treated for CC corresponding to modified Derlacki's criteria were included (median age, 6.5 yr). No case of RP at time of diagnosis, with a mean follow‐up of 2.5 years after last surgery.Main Outcome Measures: Clinical and surgical data influencing outcome. Multivariate analysis.Results: Two groups were defined after CC removal: group I (12 cases), no second look required and no case of subsequent re‐intervention; group II (105 cases), planned second look always performed (mean delay, 12.1 mo), no difference of sex ratio (M/F = 2). Group I patients were younger than in group II (3.3 vs. 5.9 yr, P < .001). All of them had a normal contralateral eardrum and a disclosure of CC by routine examination (vs. 19% in group II, P < .001). In group I, the mass occupied one or two anterior quadrants (41.6% and 58.4%, respectively) versus more than two quadrants in 46.6% in group II. Residuals and RP rates were 41% and 15%, respectively (only in group II). Predictors for residuals were atticotomy (odds ratio [OR] 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–6.7) and destruction of stapes (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.7–10.5). Predictors for RP were eustachian tube extension (OR 6.8, 95% CI 1.7–26.8) and nonreconstructed atticotomy (OR 5.9, 95% CI 1.1–30.9).Conclusions: Young children with small CC had no recurrences. Residuals were more frequent in case of atticotomy and stapes destruction. RP occurred especially in cases of eustachian tube extension and if cartilage tympanoplasty was not performed. Tympanic and canal wall reinforcement should be considered in extensive CC.
Rethinking Nasal Osteotomies: An Anatomic Approach
Authors: Cochran C Spencer , Ducic Yadranko , DeFatta Robert J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectives: To review our experience with our anatomic (medial, transverse, and lateral) nasal osteotomy technique for correcting the asymmetric bony nasal vault in esthetic and functional rhinoplasty.Methods: All patients undergoing anatomic nasal osteotomy technique by the senior author (y.d.) from August 1997 to August 2005 with a minimum follow‐up of 6 months were reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative photographs and clinical examination were analyzed to determine restoration of a symmetric bony nasal vault configuration.Results: A total of 322 patients met the inclusion criteria. Percent of patients who had favorable results with restoration of a symmetric bony nasal vault configuration was 98.1%. Six (1.9%) patients required revision surgery at the level of the nasal bones with repeat osteotomies or dorsal rasping. All six of these patients had favorable outcomes after revision surgery.Conclusions: The anatomic nasal osteotomy technique represents an effective, simple, and logical approach for correcting asymmetric bony nasal vault.
Quantifying the Physiology of Laryngotracheal Stenosis: Changes in Pulmonary Dynamics in Response to Graded Extrathoracic Resistive Loading
Authors: Nouraei S A. Reza , Winterborn Claire , Nouraei S Mahmoud , Giussani Dino A. , Murphy Kevin , Howard David J. , Sandhu Guri S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: A model of airway obstruction was developed to study the impact of changes in airway resistance on ventilatory mechanics. This was used to derive quantitative indices of airway obstruction to aid in the objective diagnosis and physiological monitoring of adult patients with laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS).Methods: Six airway resistors, the characteristics of which mirrored the selective impediment to inspiratory airflow that occurs in patients with LTS, were created and calibrated. Maximum‐effort flow‐volume loops were obtained from 15 volunteers with resistors placed in series with the spirometer. Diagnostic and monitoring performances of various flow‐volume indices were assessed with receiver‐operating characteristics (ROC) and analysis of variance (ANOVA), respectively. Promising indices were further evaluated in patients with LTS.Results: Experimentally, the ratio of expiratory and inspiratory flows at midvital capacity (MEF50/MIF50) and peak expiratory to inspiratory flow ratio (PEF/PIF) had diagnostic sensitivities of 87% and 89%, respectively. The best index, both experimentally and clinically, was the ratio of area under the expiratory and inspiratory curves (ratio of integrals), with experimental and clinical sensitivities of 97% and 100%, respectively. A clinical specificity of 95%, and area under the curve of 0.965 were achieved for this index. Both PEF/PIF and the ratio of integrals could identify step changes in airway resistance greater than 10 cmH2O · sec · L−1 (P < .05; ANOVA).Conclusions: Flow‐volume testing is simple and noninvasive and can be used to quantify the diagnosis and physiological monitoring of patients with LTS. The ratio of areas under the expiratory and inspiratory curves appears to be the optimal index for this purpose.
The Treatment of Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Using Pulse Therapy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double‐Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Westerlaken Boris O. , de Kleine Emile , van der Laan Bernard , Albers Frans 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectives: The etiology and treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) is still unclear. The anti‐inflammatory effect of corticosteroids is thought to play an important part in the recovery from ISSHL. We aimed to determine whether a more powerful anti‐inflammatory technique using pulse therapy is effective in the treatment of ISSHL.Methods: In a randomized, prospective, double‐blind, multicenter clinical trial, we recruited 81 patients with ISSHL. Patients were randomly allocated to pulse therapy (300 mg dexamethasone for 3 consecutive days followed by 4 days of placebo) or control treatment (prednisone 70 mg per day tapered in steps of 10 mg per day to 0 mg). The primary outcome was hearing recovery as measured by pure‐tone audiometry and speech audiometry after 12 months. Secondary outcomes were subjective parameters such as hearing recovery, tinnitus, vertigo, and a pressure sensation in the ear.Results: The overall improvement in pure‐tone thresholds and speech discrimination scores was not significantly better in patients who were given dexamethasone than those who were given standard prednisone. Hearing improved from 71 dB HL to 36 dB HL in the dexamethasone group and from 75 dB HL to 42 dB HL in the prednisone group. Speech discrimination scores of 100% were achieved by 64% of dexamethasone‐treated patients and by 57% of the prednisone group.Conclusion: Pulse therapy is equally effective and safe as standard‐dose prednisone. Pulse therapy suppresses both humoral and cellular immune responses and therefore has a wider anti‐inflammatory effect.
Olfaction and Olfactory Epithelium in Mice Treated With Zinc Gluconate
Authors: Slotnick Burton , Sanguino Angelica , Husband Scott , Marquino Gregory , Silberberg Alan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective: We assessed whether a nasal spray containing zinc gluconate (ZG) compromises the integrity of olfactory epithelium and olfactory function.Methods: Axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase from olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb was studied in 2‐ to 21‐day survival mice given intranasal injections of 2, 8, or 50 μL of ZG (approximately 4, 15, and 94 times the equivalent recommended human dose). Other similarly treated mice were tested using precision olfactometry to detect and discriminate odors.Results: Anatomic changes were graded as a function of dose and survival time. Two microliter injections had no discernable effect. While the 50 μL volume produced substantial deafferentation of input to the olfactory bulb in short‐survival cases. Nearly complete restitution of input occurred within 3 weeks. At each volume and survival time, zinc sulfate (ZS) had a greater effect. Behaviorally, 2 μL and 8 μL ZG‐treated mice and those given multiple injections of 2 μL ZG performed as well as controls, whereas those given 50 μL were hyposmic but not anosmic. ZS‐treated mice performed more poorly, and those injected with 50 μL were anosmic for the first 8 to 10 test days.Conclusions: A massive dose of a ZG nasal spray did cause a transient disruption of the olfactory epithelium and compromised olfaction. More moderate volumes, even those far in excess of a recommended dose, were largely without effect on odor detection and discrimination tasks. These outcomes fail to support the claims from recent clinical case reports that use of a ZG‐containing nasal spray can produce anosmia.
Fatty acid profile of coconut oil in relation to nut maturity and season in selected cultivars/hybrids
Authors: Azeez Shamina 
Published: March 2007

PurposeThe objective of this work is to study the fatty acid profile of coconut oil in the kernel in relation to maturity of the nut and season of fertilization in five selected varieties of coconut.Design/methodology/approachThe coconut oil from the popular cultivars/hybrids were studied in post‐monsoon, pre‐monsoon and monsoon seasons at 7, 8, 10 and 12 months after fertilization.FindingsNuts that fertilized in the post monsoon season were found to have higher oil contents. Of the five varieties, COD×WCT had lesser amounts of caprylic, capric and lauric acids and greater amounts of the long chain fatty acids. Though significant differences were observed in fatty acid concentrations in nuts differing in their variety and season of tagging, the trend remained the same.Originality/valueThe study helps to ensure the safety of the usage of coconut oil as dietary oil, from the nature of fatty acids present.
Library Review: The librarian and the art of reading
Authors: Blackburn R.H. 
Published: March 2007

PurposeWritten in 1944, the purpose of this paper is to assess the librarian's increasing responsibilities and influences in the light of new educational plans.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a personal viewpoint on the subject of “the librarian and the art of reading”.FindingsIt is vital that librarians should stress more and more the creative art of reading and point to the dangers of both superficial reading and of over‐indulgence.Originality/valueThe paper emphasises the great influence that libraries, as centres of learning, can have on a community.