bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten years of hemovigilance reports of transfusion‐related acute lung injury in the United Kingdom and the impact of preferential use of male donor plasma
Authors: Chapman Catherine E. , Stainsby Dorothy , Jones Hilary , Love Elizabeth , Massey Edwin , Win Nay , Navarrete Cristina , Lucas Geoff , Soni Neil , Morgan Cliff , Choo Louise , Cohen Hannah , Williamson Lorna M. 
Published: February 2009

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: From 1996 through 2006, 195 cases were reported as transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) to the Serious Hazards of Transfusion scheme and from 1999 onward classified by probability, using clinical features and HLA and/or HNA typing. From late 2003, the National Blood Service provided 80 to 90 percent of fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) and plasma for platelet (PLT) pools from male donors.RESULTS: Forty‐nine percent of reports were highly likely/probable TRALI, and 51 percent possible/unlikely. Of 96 investigations, donor antibodies recognizing recipient antigens were found in 73 cases (65%), with HLA Class I in 25 of those (40%), HLA Class II antibodies in 38 (62%), and granulocyte antibodies in 12 (17%). A review in 2003 revealed that the TRALI risk/component was 6.9 times higher for FFP and 8.2 times higher for PLTs than for red blood cells, and that in donors of implicated FFP/PLTs, white blood cell antibodies were found 3.6 times more often than by chance (p ≤ 0.0001), with all implicated donors being female. Provision of male plasma was associated with a reduction in TRALI reports from 36 in 2003 to 23 in each of 2004 and 2005 and 10 in 2006. Highly likely/probable cases reduced from 23 in 2003 to 10, 6, and 4 in the 3 subsequent years, with cases implicating FFP or PLTs falling from 16 to 9, 3, and 1 respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The risk of highly likely/probable TRALI due to FFP has fallen from 15.5 per million units issued during 1999 through 2004 to 3.2 per million during 2005 through 2006 (p = 0.0079) and from 14.0 per million to 5.8 per million for PLTs.
Serologic and molecular typing of human T‐lymphotropic virus among blood donors in Maputo City, Mozambique
Authors: Gudo Eduardo Samo , Abreu Celina M. , Mussá Tufária , Do Rosário Augusto Ângelo , Otsuki Koko , Chambo Evelina , Amade Nádia , Tanuri Amílcar , Ferreira Jr Orlando C. , Jani Ilesh V. 
Published: February 2009

BACKGROUND: Screening for human T‐lymphotropic virus‐1/2 (HTLV‐1/2) infection is not performed in blood banks in Mozambique. The aim was to determine the prevalence of HTLV‐1/2 among blood donors of the Maputo Central Hospital Blood Bank and measure the coinfection rate of HTLV‐1/2 with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and syphilis.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 2019 consecutive blood donors were screened for HTLV‐1/2 antibodies, HIV‐1/2 antibodies, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) for syphilis. Specimens reactive on a first HTLV‐1/2 enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were retested using a second EIA. Specimens that were dually reactive on both EIAs were further tested using Western blot (WB) and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).RESULTS: All 18 dually reactive specimens (0.89%; 95% confidence interval, 0.48%‐1.30%) were positive for the presence of HTLV‐1 by WB and real‐time PCR. HTLV‐2 was not detected. The prevalences of anti‐HIV, HBsAg, and reactivity in the RPR test were 5.72, 6.01, and 0.98 percent, respectively. There was no significant association between HTLV‐1 infection and demographic variables (age and sex) or serologic markers (HIV, HBsAg, and RPR). For the 17 HTLV‐1–positive donors for whom serologic data for HIV, HBsAg, and syphilis RPR were available, 2 showed coinfection with HIV and 1 with HBV.CONCLUSION: Compared to other infectious agents, HTLV‐1 is present at relatively low levels among blood donors in Mozambique. Cost and logistics will present as major challenges for introducing HTLV‐1/2 screening in blood banks. In blood banks in Southern Africa where EIA testing is possible, a sequential algorithm of two EIAs may be a cost‐efficient option for HTLV‐1/2 screening.
Cognitive deficits after recovery from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Kennedy April S. , Lewis Qurana F. , Scott James G. , Kremer Hovinga Johanna A. , Lämmle Bernhard , Terrell Deirdra R. , Vesely Sara K. , George James N. 
Published: February 2009

BACKGROUND: Patients with apparent complete recovery from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) often complain of problems with memory, concentration, and fatigue.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty‐four patients who were enrolled in the Oklahoma TTP‐HUS Registry for their initial episode of TTP, 1995‐2006, and who had ADAMTS13 activity of less than 10 percent were evaluated for a broad range of cognitive functions 0.1 to 10.6 years (median, 4.0 years) after their most recent episode. At the time of their evaluation, they had normal physical and Mini‐Mental State Examinations and no evidence of TTP.RESULTS: The patients, as a group, performed significantly worse on 4 of the 11 cognitive domains tested than standardized US data from neurologically normal individuals adjusted for age, sex, and education (p < 0.05). These four domains measured complex attention and concentration skills, information processing speed, rapid language generation, and rote memorization. Twenty‐one (88%) patients performed below expectations on at least 1 of the 11 domains. No clear patterns were observed between cognitive test results and patients' characteristics or features of the preceding TTP, including age, occurrence of severe neurologic abnormalities, multiple episodes, and interval from an acute episode.CONCLUSION: Patients who have recovered from TTP may have persistent cognitive abnormalities. The abnormalities observed in these patients are characteristic of disorders associated with diffuse subcortical microvascular disease. Studies of larger patient groups will be required to confirm these preliminary observations and to determine patient characteristics that may contribute to persistent cognitive abnormalities.
Survival of Immediately Provisionalized Dental Implants: A Case‐Control Study with up to 5 Years Follow‐Up
Authors: Laviv Amir , Levin Liran , Usiel Yeffet , Schwartz‐Arad Devorah 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival rate of immediately provisionalized implants with up to 5 years follow‐up.Materials and Methods: The study consisted of 226 patients, 113 consecutive patients with immediately provisionalized dental implants (cases) and 113 randomly selected, age‐, gender‐, and implant position‐matched controls with conventional late implant loading. Survival rate and incidence of complications were recorded.Results: Follow‐up ranged from 6 to 60 months. Smoking was reported by 20.8% of patients. Maxillary incisors and mandibular lateral incisors were the most common areas for implant placement. Conventionally loaded implants were narrower (p = .03) and shorter (p = .001). Immediate implantation into a fresh extraction socket was performed in 69% of the cases and in 36.3% of the controls (p = .001). Implant survival rate was 96.5%. Of the eight failed implants, six were immediately provisionalized and two were conventionally loaded. No statistically significant difference was found in survival rates between groups (p > 0.05). Five of the failed implants (case group) were immediately loaded implants placed in fresh extraction sockets.Conclusion: Immediate implant provisionalization achieved similar high success rates compared with the conventional, delayed approach. As immediate implant provisionalization is mainly desired in the anterior region, the high success rates are encouraging.
Quantitation of Mandibular Symphysis Volume as a Source of Bone Grafting
Authors: Verdugo Fernando , Simonian Krikor , Smith McDonald Roberto , Nowzari Hessam 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: Autogenous intramembranous bone graft present several advantages such as minimal resorption and high concentration of bone morphogenetic proteins. A method for measuring the amount of bone that can be harvested from the symphysis area has not been reported in real patients.Purpose: The aim of the present study was to intrasurgically quantitate the volume of the symphysis bone graft that can be safely harvested in live patients and compare it with AutoCAD® (version 16.0, Autodesk, Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA) tomographic calculations.Materials and Methods: AutoCAD software program quantitated symphysis bone graft in 40 patients using computerized tomographies. Direct intrasurgical measurements were recorded thereafter and compared with AutoCAD data. The bone volume was measured at the recipient sites of a subgroup of 10 patients, 6 months post sinus augmentation.Results: The volume of bone graft measured by AutoCAD averaged 1.4 mL (SD 0.6 mL, range: 0.5–2.7 mL). The volume of bone graft measured intrasurgically averaged 2.3 mL (SD 0.4 mL, range 1.7–2.8 mL). The statistical difference between the two measurement methods was significant. The bone volume measured at the recipient sites 6 months post sinus augmentation averaged 1.9 mL (SD 0.3 mL, range 1.3–2.6 mL) with a mean loss of 0.4 mL.Conclusion: AutoCAD did not overestimate the volume of bone that can be safely harvested from the mandibular symphysis. The use of the design software program may improve surgical treatment planning prior to sinus augmentation.
Finite‐Element Analysis of Stress on Dental Implant Prosthesis
Authors: Rubo José Henrique , Capello Souza Edson Antonio 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: Understanding how clinical variables affect stress distribution facilitates optimal prosthesis design and fabrication and may lead to a decrease in mechanical failures as well as improve implant longevity.Purpose: In this study, the many clinical variations present in implant‐supported prosthesis were analyzed by 3‐D finite element method.Materials and Method: A geometrical model representing the anterior segment of a human mandible treated with 5 implants supporting a framework was created to perform the tests. The variables introduced in the computer model were cantilever length, elastic modulus of cancellous bone, abutment length, implant length, and framework alloy (AgPd or CoCr). The computer was programmed with physical properties of the materials as derived from the literature, and a 100N vertical load was used to simulate the occlusal force. Images with the fringes of stress were obtained and the maximum stress at each site was plotted in graphs for comparison.Results: Stresses clustered at the elements closest to the loading point. Stress increase was found to be proportional to the increase in cantilever length and inversely proportional to the increase in the elastic modulus of cancellous bone. Increasing the abutment length resulted in a decrease of stress on implants and framework. Stress decrease could not be demonstrated with implants longer than 13 mm. A stiffer framework may allow better stress distribution.Conclusion: The relative physical properties of the many materials involved in an implant‐supported prosthesis system affect the way stresses are distributed.
Tooth‐to‐Implant Connection: A Systematic Review of the Literature and a Case Report Utilizing a New Connection Design
Authors: Chee Winston W. , Mordohai Nikitas 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: In the treatment of partially edentulous patients, implants have often been connected to natural teeth. Numerous studies have reported significant complications and problems, while others have demonstrated favorable outcomes.Purpose: The purpose of this article was to systematically review the literature regarding the splinting of implants and teeth. The difference in the biomechanical behavior between osseointegrated implants and teeth and the efficacy of the different modes of connection that have been employed are explored.Materials and Methods: A MEDLINE search between 1966 and October 2006 was performed to retrieve relevant articles. A further manual search from the bibliographies of the former articles was performed to include as many references as possible. Prospective and retrospective clinical studies, as well as laboratory and computer‐generated research, were included.Results: A pronounced difference in the biomechanics of teeth and implants has been revealed in theoretical models. This disparity has also been supported by the majority of the experimental work published. As a result, principal complications, such as intrusion of teeth and higher risk of overload and greater marginal bone loss around the implants have been reported. Among the several types of connections utilized, the rigid connection showed fewer complications but unfortunately did not eliminate them.Conclusion: Totally implant‐supported prostheses should be the treatment of choice. However, there are cases where combining teeth and implants is inevitable. The authors propose a rationale design of connecting implants and teeth. This design minimizes the biologic and technical complications.
Histolocalisation of the oil and pigments in the pumpkin seed
Authors: Kreft M. , Zorec R. , Janeš D. , Kreft S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPumpkin seed oil has a distinct taste and a characteristic green‐red colour. A green layer (chlorenchyma) can be observed in the cross section of the seed on the inner side of the testa. This layer is considered to be a source of protochlorophyll pigment that gives colour to the pumpkin seed oil. However, the histolocalisation of the pigment by selective method was not yet studied. In this study, we localised the oil to the small lipid droplets in the cotyledon cells by Rhodamine 6G lipophilic stain. Furthermore, we localised protochlorophyll to chlorenchyma by microscopic fluorimetry. Emission maximum of protochlorophyll was 700 nm when measured in the seed, but it shifted to 630 and 655 nm (two peaks) when measured in pumpkin seed oil or in the extract.
First detection of cosmic structure in the 21-cm intensity field
Authors: Pen Ue-Li , Staveley-Smith Lister , Peterson Jeffrey B. , Chang Tzu-Ching 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
We present the first statistically significant detection of cosmic structure using broadly distributed hydrogen radio emission. This is accomplished using a cross-correlation with optical galaxies. Statistical noise levels of 20 μK are achieved, unprecedented in this frequency band. The signal is consistent with arising from the collective flux of known populations of galaxies. This lends support to the idea that large volumes of the Universe can be rapidly mapped without the need to resolve individual faint galaxies, enabling precise constraints to dark energy models. We discuss strategies for improved intensity mapping.
Blue hook stars in globular clusters
Authors: Dieball A. , Knigge C. , Maccarone T. J. , Long K. S. , Hannikainen D. C. , Zurek D. , Shara M. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Blue hook (BHk) stars are a rare class of horizontal branch stars that have so far been found in only very few Galactic globular clusters (GCs). The dominant mechanism for producing these objects is currently still unclear. In order to test if the presence of BHk populations in a given GC is linked to specific physical or structural cluster properties, we have constructed a parent sample of GCs for which existing data are sufficient to establish the presence or absence of BHk populations with confidence. We then compare the properties of those clusters in our parent sample that do contain a BHk population to those that do not. We find that there is only one compelling difference between BHk and non-BHk clusters: all known BHk clusters are unusually massive. However, we also find that the BHk clusters are consistent with being uniformly distributed within the cumulative mass distribution of the parent sample. Thus, while it is attractive to suggest that there is a lower mass cut-off for clusters capable of forming BHk stars, the data do not require this. Instead, the apparent preference for massive clusters could still be a purely statistical effect: intrinsically rare objects can only be found by searching a sufficiently large number of stars.
Radiation pressure and absorption in AGN: results from a complete unbiased sample from Swift
Authors: Fabian A. C. , Vasudevan R. V. , Mushotzky R. F. , Winter L. M. , Reynolds C. S. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Outward radiation pressure can exceed the inward gravitational pull on gas clouds in the neighbourhood of a luminous active galactic nucleus (AGN). This creates a forbidden region for long-lived dusty clouds in the observed columnn density–Eddington fraction plane. (The Eddington fraction λEdd is the ratio of the bolometric luminosity of an AGN to the Eddington limit for its black hole mass.) The Swift/Burst Alert Telescope catalogue is the most complete hard X-ray selected sample of AGN and has 97 low-redshift AGN with measured column densities NH and inferred black hole masses. Eddington fractions for the sources have been obtained using recent bolometric corrections and the sources have been plotted on the NH–λEdd plane. Only one source lies in the forbidden region and it has a large value of NH due to an ionized warm absorber, for which radiation pressure is reduced. The effective Eddington limit for the source population indicates that the high column density clouds in the more luminous objects lie within the inner few pc, where the central black hole provides at least half the mass. Our result shows that radiation pressure does affect the presence of gas clouds in the inner galaxy bulge. We discuss briefly how the NH–λEdd plane may evolve to higher redshift, when feedback due to radiation pressure may have been strong.
IGR J16351-5806: another close by Compton-thick AGN
Authors: Malizia A. , Bassani L. , Panessa F. , De Rosa A. , Bird A. J. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
IGR J16351-5806 has been associated with the Seyfert 2 galaxy ESO 137-G34, having been first reported as a high energy emitter in the third INTEGRAL / Imager on Board the INTEGRAL Satellite survey. Using a new diagnostic tool based on X-ray column density measurements versus softness ratios (F2-10 keV/F20-100 keV), we have previously identified this source as a candidate Compton-thick active galactic nuclei (AGN). In the present work, we have analysed combined XMM–Newton and INTEGRAL data of IGR J16351-5806 in order to study its broad-band spectrum and investigate its Compton-thick nature. The prominent Kα fluorescence line around 6.4 keV (EW &gt; 1 keV) together with a flat 2–10 keV spectrum immediately point to a highly obscured source. The overall spectrum can be interpreted in terms of a transmission scenario where some of the high energy radiation is able to penetrate through the thick absorption and be observed together with its reflection from the surface of the torus. A good fit is also obtained using a pure reflection spectrum; in this case, the primary continuum is totally depressed and only its reflection is observed. An alternative possibility is that of a complex absorption, where two layers of absorbing matter each partially covering the central nucleus are present in IGR J16351-5806. All three scenarios are compatible from a statistical viewpoint and provide reasonable AGN spectral parameters; more importantly all point to a source with an absorbing column greater than 1.5 × 1024 cm-2, that is to a Compton-thick AGN. Because of this heavy obscuration, some extra components which would otherwise be hidden are able to emerge at low energies and can be studied; a thermal component with kT in the range 0.6–0.7 keV and free metal abundance is statistically required in all three scenarios while a scattered power law is only present in the pure reflection model. By providing strong evidence for the Compton-thick nature of IGR J16351-5806, we indirectly confirm the validity of the Malizia et al. diagnostic diagram.
Physical fitness assessment of older adults in the primary care setting
Authors: Purath Janet , Buchholz Susan W. , Kark Deborah L. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPurpose:  To explore the relationships between the physical fitness and the demographic characteristics, general health and well‐being, social support, and physical activity in a group of community‐dwelling older adults. This study also assessed the feasibility of obtaining physical fitness measures in the primary care setting.Data sources:  Thirty‐four persons older than 60 years completed self‐report measures and the Senior Fitness Test (SFT), a battery of fitness measures normed for older adults. Self‐report measures included demographics, general health and well‐being (SF‐36), social support (Social Support for Physical Activity Scale), and physical activity levels (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly).Conclusions:  Physically active older adults had significantly better upper and lower body strength, aerobic endurance, and dynamic balance. Older adults who reported better general health and had fewer chronic conditions scored better on the physical fitness tests. The SFT took 10‐15 min to complete in the primary care setting.Implications for practice:  Physical fitness measures give primary care providers objective information to develop a physical activity program for their patients. A physical activity program that includes recommendations for aerobic endurance, strength, flexibility, and/or balance that is based on objective findings may be a useful tool to promote better health and physical fitness in older adults.
Challenges in achieving 100% voluntary blood donation
Authors: Gabra G. 
Published: February 2009

The call for voluntary non‐remunerated blood donation has been echoing around the globe for many years. Progress has been very slow particularly in countries with limited resources. The long‐term approach to build a sustainable supply of safe blood and blood products is often sacrificed when health facilities abdicate this responsibility to the patients and their relatives. The management of this community interface requires continued efforts, substantial resources as well as special studies and research in order to establish the appropriate approach to reach potential donors in these societies.The organisational role, plans and strategy for community education, recruitment, donor care and actual blood collection, are all important in establishing a committed well informed donor base, if not more, than the altruism and motives of individual donors.
Hydrometeorological modelling for flash flood areas: the case of the 2002 Gard event in France
Authors: Anquetin S. , Ducrocq V. , Braud I. , Creutin J.‐D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn the context of flash flood forecasting, this paper proposes a few advances in our understanding of the hydrometeorological processes and their associated modelling requirements that may be useful to introduce within an operational forecasting chain. The study is focused on the September 2002 storm that produced more than 600 mm of rainfall in <24 h and triggered a series of flash floods in the South of France. This catastrophic event took 23 human lives in 16 distinct subcatchments. This paper proposes a combined detailed analysis of the meteorological event and hydrological simulations of the response of four small‐ungauged catchments. The meteorological analyses are based on observations and results of simulation of rain fields obtained with the MesoNH model. These analyses explained the steadiness of the storms that led to a locally intense precipitation: the role of the orography and favourable synoptic conditions. The hydrological model is set up without any calibration and the soil parameter specification is based on an existing soil database. Radar rainfall estimations are used. Simulated specific peak discharges are found to be in agreement with estimations from a postevent in situ investigation. Based on the model results, a cartography of the dominant process is proposed for the four selected catchments.