bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of Cold Hardiness in Triticum aestivum × Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat Crosses
Authors: Limin A. E. , Fowler D. B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSynthetic hexaploid wheat, produced by combining tetraploid wheat (AB genome) with Triticum tauschii (D genome), was crossed to modern hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum ABD genome) in an attempt to introduce new cold hardiness genes into the common hexaploid wheat gene pool. The cold hardiness levels of F) hybrids ranged from similar to parental means to equal to the hardy parent, indicating that cold hardiness was controlled by both additive and dominant genes. As expected when dominant gene action is involved, differences between F2 and parental means were smaller than comparable differences in the F., Frequency distributions of F2—derived F3 lines also suggested that dominant genes were involved in the control of cold hardiness in some crosses. Heritability estimates for cold hardiness ranged from 63 to 70 % indicating that selection for cold hardiness should be effective in populations arising from crosses between common and synthetic hexaploid wheat. However, high selection pressure on the progeny of crosses that included the most hardy T. aestivum, T. durum, and T. tauschii accessions as parents did not identify transgressive segregates for improved cold hardiness. These observations indicate that the close wheat relatives, sharing common genomes with T. aestivum, are not promising sources of new genes to increase the maximum cold hardiness potential of common hexaploid wheat.
Genetic Variability for Haploid Production in Crosses Between Tetraploid and Hexaploid Wheats with Maize
Authors: Amrani N. , Sarrafi A. , Alibert G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCrosses were made between 14 wheat genotypes (11 tetraploid, 3 hexaploid) and a single Fl hybrid of maize that was used as the male parent. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with three replications. Plants were grown under controlled greenhouse conditions (day length 16 h and temperature 25 °C/15 °C, day/night). To enhance embryo survival, 2, 4‐D treatment (10 mg/1) was applied to spikes 24 h after pollination with maize. Embryos were recovered from all tetraploid and hexaploid wheats at a rate of 2.09 to 26.76 per 100 pollinated florets. Haploid and doubled haploid plants were obtained from all hexaploid genotypes (T. aestivum) and from 5 of 11 tetraploid genotypes (T. turgidum var.). The most important point of these experiments was the ability to produce haploid plants from tetraploid wheat for two reasons: firstly, anther culture cannot be applied in tetraploid wheat (T. turgidum var.) due to the inefficiency of embryo formation and the high proportion of albino plants. Secondly, to date, crosses between tetraploid wheat and maize have resulted in embryo formation, but not in haploid plants.
Selection For Flag Leaf Stomatal Frequency In Bread Wheat
Authors: Bkagwat S.G. , Bhatia C. R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo Cultivars Of Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Showing Significant Differences In Stomatal Frequency On The Adaxial Surface Of The Flag Leaf Blade, Were Hybridized. Transgressive Segregation For Stomatal Frequency Was Observed In The F2 Generation and Selections Were Made For High and Low Stomatal Frequency. In The F9 Generation Two Selections Had Significantly Higher Frequencies Than The Higher Parent. Heritability For Stomatal Frequency Based On Parent‐Progeny Regression Were 42 % (F3—F4) and 81 % (F4—F5). Stomatal Frequency Was Negatively Correlated With The Flag Leaf Blade Area, Mesophyll Cell Size and Grain Size, However, Exceptions Were Observed.
Measurement of the Glucosinolate Content in Rapeseed Using the TRUBLUGLU Meter
Authors: Tholen J.T. , Buzza G. , McGregor D.I. , Truscoir R.J.W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA simple and inexpensive method for the estimation of total glucosinolate (GSL) Content In rapeseed is described. It employs a newly developed portable reflectance instrument, the TRUBLUGLU Meter. The assay is based on the selective hydrolysis of Gsls By Endogenous myrosinase at pH 9, followed by measurement of the released glucose using Clinistix strips. The meter, which is calibrated prior to use with a standard glucose solution, can display a digital readout in units of either mM glucose or μol Gsl/g Seed.
Potential for Selection in the Progeny of an Interspecific Hybrid in Foxtail Millet
Authors: Zangre G. R. , Darmency H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGenetic variation for morphology and grain yield components was studied in the F2 and 14 F3 families of an interspecific cross of Setaria italica (foxtail millet) with S. viridis s. s. (green foxtail). It appeared possible to recover the cultivated type using a simple selection procedure in F2 and F3. Comparison with a cross involving S. viridis var. major (giant green foxtail) is discussed.
Efficient in vitro Chromosome Doubling During Beta vulgaris Ovule Culture
Authors: Hansen A. L. , Plever C. , Pedersen H. C. , Keimer B. , Andersen S. B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effect of in vitro colchicine treatment of sugar beet ovules, after 7 days culture, on embryo formation, regeneration and ploidy of regenerated plants was studied with 5 concentrations of colchicine and 5 durations of treatment arranged as a 5 × 5 factorial in incomplete blocks. The best results were obtained with the shortest duration of treatment (5 hours) and the highest concentration of colchicine (0.4 %) giving 5.0 diploid plants per 100 ovules with 62.1 % of regenerated plants being diploid. Statistical analysis revealed that treatment effects could be separated into a toxic effect reducing embryo formation and a chromosome doubling effect affecting percentages of diploid regenerated plants. Toxic effects on embryo formation could be explained by simple exponential decay models, toxicity of the drug (decay constant) increasing linearly with duration of treatment. Duration of treatment had no effect on chromosome doubling percentages. The effects of colchicine concentration on chromosome doubling were explained by an exponential saturation model with spontaneous chromosome doubling of 8.1 % and saturation at 51.4 % diploid plants at 0.2 % and higher colchicine concentrations. In addition, treatments increased percentages of 4N and 6N plants from 0 % without colchicine to 10 % on average for treated ovules. A response surface model fitted to the total yield of diploid plants per ovule indicated that shorter durations of treatment and higher colchicine concentration may improve results.
Economic Aspects of Breeding for Yield and Quality Traits in Forage Maize
Authors: Mistele M. , Zeddies J. , Urz H. F. , Melchinger A. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe economic evaluation of forage maize is complex due to its usage in different types of farms as well as the interdependencies of forage maize traits with the farm organization and the intensity of production. By means of linear programming, the economic weights of important forage maize traits were calculated for farming conditions in Germany. They were determined from the difference in the gross margins of farm models for given changes in a single trait of forage maize and were calculated for dairy and bull‐fattening farms under five levels of animal performance, three stocking rates, and different levels of forage maize traits. Individual economic weights under these settings varied little in most cases and allowed aggregation of mean economic weights. They amounted to 4.6 ECU ha−1 for metabolizable energy yield (GJ ha−1), 207 ECU ha−1 for metabolizable energy content (MJ kg−1), and 3.1 ECU ha−1 for crude protein content (g kg−1). Economic weight for forage dry matter content was strongly dependent upon the maturity of the materials and varied between ‐5 and 25 ECU ha−1. The application of economic weights was discussed in comparison with other criteria for the assessment of experimental hybrids in official trials.
Economic Aspects of Breeding for Yield and Quality Traits in Forage Maize
Authors: Utz H. F. , Melchinger A. E. , Seitz G. , Mistele M. , Zeddies J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSelection indices were calculated for simultaneous improvement of relevant forage maize traits. Beside indices based on primary traits [metabolizable energy yield (MEY) and content (MEC), crude protein content (CPC)] determined either in vitro or by near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), we calculated indices based on secondary (five agronomic) traits. The required phenotypic and genotypic covanance matrices were estimated from a series with 120 maize hybrids tested at three sites. Base index, heritability index, optimum index, and restricted index showed only minor differences in the expected gain in total economic worth (ΔH) for the present agricultural conditions in Germany. CPC was the least important primary trait; selection for grain yield, the most suitable secondary trait, resulted in greater ΔH values than any other index. Harvesting the whole plant and subsequently determining MEC by NIRS was the most economic selection procedure with increased economic weighting for MEC at high animal performance levels. In the latter situation, we recommend grain yield trials as a pretest in breeding programmes and official performance trials for variety registration.
Inheritance of Maysin Content in Silks of Maize Inbreds Resistant to the Corn Earworm
Authors: Widstrom N. W. , Snook M. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGenetic information is needed on maysin, a compound in maize, Zea mays L., silks that is antibiotic to corn earworm larvae, Helicoverpa (formerly Heliothis) zea (Boddie), to assist in the process of breeding for resistance to this pest. This study was initiated to elucidate the inheritance of maysin content in the silks of a cross between two maize inbreds (GT114 and GT119) having resistance to the corn earworm. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedures were used to quantify the maysin concentration of silks from individual plants in the parent, F1, F2, and first backcross generations of the cross GT114 × GT119. A model assuming dominance at a single locus for low maysin content which is expressed only when a dominant modifier is present was proposed to explain the segregation ratios obtained in the F2 and first back‐crosses of GT114 × GT119. This model also provided a fit for maysin data previously generated from a cross between inbreds F6 and F44. Observations of selfed families in the backcross of GT114 × GT119 to the low maysin parent confirmed the two‐locus model (one factor with dominance for low maysin expressed only when a modifier gene is also present) as a plausible explanation for inheritance of silk maysin in the cross. The process of selection for high maysin will be complicated somewhat by the presence of a gene which modifies the expression of dominance unless a method of easily identifying the gene, independent of maysin content, can be developed.
Genetic Analysis of Some Chemotypes in Ocimum basilicum var. glabratum
Authors: Gupta S. C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractScreening of a population of Ocimum basilicum var. glabratum Benth., raised from seeds collected from France, West Africa and Kerala (India) was carried out for chemical composition of its essential oils. In all three collections, plants were found to be comprised of 3 chemotypes which were morphologically indistinguishable, but each chemotype was found to be capable of intercrossing freely with the other two.Selfing was carried out during 4 consecutive generations, after which three pure lines were established. Study of the selfed progeny of each collection exhibited an interesting segregation in S2 and S3 generations. Along with segregation in F2 and F3 generations of various hybrids the results can be explained by assuming a gene ‘M’ existing in 3 (or more) allelic forms: The allele M0 for biosynthesis of estragole (methyl chavicol) is dominant to allelcs M1, for eugenol and M2 for camphor. Also, allele M1 is dominant to allele M2. The assumption was further confirmed by testcrosses of F1 hybrids of each cross with their recessive parent.
Screening for Greenbug Resistance in Hordeum chilense Roem et Schult.
Authors: Castro A. M. , Martin L. M. , Martín A. , Arriaga H. O. , Tobes N. , Almaraz L. B. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) is a serious pest of cultivated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and resistance is only available in other related species such as Hordeum chilense. Amphiploids between H. chilense and Triticum spp. have been obtained, and addition lines of H. chilense in wheat have been developed.Thirty‐five accessions of H. chilense were screened to identify greenbug antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance. Antixenosis was determined in a conventional host free choice test; antibiosis was measured by aphid life cycle and fecundity rate, and tolerance was tested in a conventional infestation test of 4 weeks. Two commercial barley cultivars were used as susceptible and resistant controls.Eight H. chilense accessions showed higher degrees of antixenosis than the resistant check, 19 were similar and the rest were lower. All accessions were more resistant than the susceptible check. Measured by aphid life cycle, 22 H. chilense accessions showed higher antibiosis than the resistant cv., and all exhibited a higher antibiotic effect on fecundity rates than the control. A similar degree of tolerance to that of the resistant control was observed in six accessions, the remaining entries ranged between the controls. The presence of one mechanism did not exclude the existence of other mechanisms in the same entry and therefore, independence of the different mechanisms is proposed.Most of the accessions showed higher variability than both controls for the three mechanisms, and it appears to be genetic variability within entries for the three mechanisms.
Transfer of the Glu‐D1 Gene from Chromosome 1D to Chromosome 1A in Hexaploid Triticale
Authors: Lukaszewski A. J. , Curtis Christine A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTo complement previously developed recombinant chromosomes 1R.1D, two series of translocations involving the Glu‐D1 gene from chromosome ID to chromosome 1A were produced in hexaploid triticale. These series involve seven independent transfers of allele d encoding for high molecular weight glutenin subunits 5+10 and ten independent transfers involving allele a encoding for HMW glutenin subunits 2 + 12. The frequency of homoeologous recombination between chromosomes 1A and 1D was within the range observed for pairs of homologues in wheat, supporting earlier observations that homoeologous recombination in triticale is frequent. Recombined chromosomes 1A.1D can be used to introduce the Glu‐D1 gene to durum wheats, and to manipulate the dosage of Glu‐D1 in hexaploid triticale and bread wheat.
Comparative Field Performance of Tissue Culture‐Derived Lines and Breeder Lines of HY320 Spring Wheat
Authors: Hanson K. , Huci P. , Baker R. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis study examines the performance of somaclonal spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines developed through culture of somatic embryos. Twenty‐nine breeder lines of the spring wheat cv. ‘HY320’ were compared to 51 somaclonal lines of the same cultivar. Somaclonal lines were derived from 27 individual embryos (with up to four lines in each “family”). Somaclonal and breeder lines were evaluated in five field experiments in western Canada. Somaclonal lines were more variable than breeder lines for most agronomic, yield component and quality characters, suggesting that variability among somaclonal lines resulted partly from the tissue culture process. Somaclonal lines yielded, on average, 11 % less than breeder lines. Somaclonal lines had 3.8 % fewer spikelets per spike, 6.5 % fewer kernels per spike and kernels which were 2.7 % lighter. Somaclonal lines had greater test weight, protein concentration, and sedimentation values, and harder kernels.
Addition of Colchicine to Wheat Anther Culture Media to Increase Doubled Haploid Plant Production
Authors: Navarro‐Alvarez W. , Baenziger P.S. , Eskridge K.M. , Hugo M. , Gustafson V.D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChromosome doubling is critical for obtaining doubled‐haploid plants from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther culture. The most common doubling method applies colchicine to the plant. However, colchicine is phytotoxic and can induce a high frequency of plant death. In this experiment, anthers from two wheat genotypes (“Pavon 76” and ‘Centurk’) were placed on nine embryoid initiation media having three sugar sources (maltose, sucrose, and maltose + glucose) with three colchicine concentrations (0.0, 0.1, and 0.2 g · l‐1). Wheat starch was used as a gelling agent. After three days, the anthers were washed and moved to fresh media without colchicine. Increasing the colchicine concentration decreased the number of embryoids produced from 77.4 embryoids/100 anthers to 29.9 embryoids/100 anthers, but did not significantly affect the frequency of plant regeneration (0.49 green plants/embryoid to 0.40 green plants/embryoid), and increased the frequency of doubled‐haploid plants (19.0 doubled‐haploid plants/100 green plants to 72.3 doubled‐haploid plants/100 green plants). Considering the total number of doubled‐haploid plants produced, low levels of colchicine added to the initiation media were very effective.
Variation in Rate and Duration of Growth Among Spring Barley Cultivars1
Authors: Leon J. , Geisler G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTen two‐rowed spring barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) were evaluated for growth parameters, i.e. crop growth rate, crop growth duration, grain filling rate, grain filling duration, vegetative growth rate, vegetative growth duration, single caryopsis filling rate, single caryopsis filling duration. Field studies were conducted on a sandy loam at Hohenschulen, Northern Germany with three levels of nitrogen fertilization and three sowing rates in 1986 to 1988. Cultivar effects were observed for all growth parameters except for crop growth rate and vegetative growth rate. But only crop growth duration n and grain filling duration showed positive correlations with grain yield. No growth rate parameter was related to yield. Biomass was correlated to crop growth duration and not to crop growth rate, while average caryopsis weight was strongly related to caryopsis filling rate and only moderately to caryopsis filling duration. Comparing grain filling rate and duration to individual caryopsis filling rate and duration, only grain filling rate and duration appeared to be relevant to grain yield. Since genetic variability for crop growth rate was lacking in the spring barley material tested, further improvement of yield would only result from increase in harvest index and/or longer crop growth duration.
The Relationship Between Progeny Seed Yield in Drilled Plots and Maternal Spaced‐Plant Traits in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
Authors: Elgersma A. , Winkelhorst G. D. , Den Nijs A. P. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSeed production in perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., is low. Early selection for high seed yield carried out in spaced plants would be valuable for breeders, but only if this potential is also expressed in derived progenies sown later in drilled plots. Therefore, spaced‐plant traits assessed on clonal ramets of 31 genotypes in each of two perennial ryegrass varieties in four environments were related to seed production characteristics in drilled plots of open‐pollinated progenies of these plants.Significant differences were found among these half‐sib families for seed yield, thousand‐grain weight, spring performance and earliness. The number of spikelets per ear in the maternal plants was negatively correlated with the seed yield of the progenies, explaining 17 % of the variation for seed yield in the cv. ‘Barenza’ and 14 % in the cv. ‘Wendy’. Multiple regression analyses revealed that no combinations of plant traits consistently explained a major portion of the variation for seed yield of the progenies.The results indicate that in these varieties, spaced‐plant data are of limited value in predicting seed production. Direct selection for seed yield in drills of progenies in later stages of the breeding programme remains the best method for obtaining varieties with sufficient seed production.
Identification and Inheritance of Fertility Restorer Genes for ‘tour’ CMS in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Sodhi Y. S. , Pradhan A. K. , Verma J. K. , Arumugam N. , Mukhopadhyay A. , Pental D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEighteen genotypes of Brassica napus were crossed to a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of B. napus BO 15 carrying B. tournefortii cytoplasm (‘tour’ cytoplasm). Fourteen genotypes were found to be stable maintainers of the ‘tour’ CMS. Of the remaining four genotypes, GSL‐1 and ‘Asahi‐natane’ were found to be heterozygous and ‘Mangun’ and ‘Yudal’ were homozygous for the restorer gene. Analysis of the F1 and F2 progenies of (CMS) BO 15 ×‘Mangun’ and (CMS) BO 15 ×‘Yudal’ showed that fertility restoration is controlled by a single dominant gene. The availability of a number of stable maintainer lines and the simple inheritance pattern of fertility restorer gene makes ‘tour’ CMS a useful system for hybrid seed production in rapeseed.
Plant Regeneration Through Anther Culture of Three Wild Species of Hordeum (H. murinum, H. marinum and H. bulbosum)
Authors: Kihara M. , Fukuda K. , Funatsuki H. , Kishinami I. , Aida Y. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPlant regeneration was achieved through anther culture of three wild species of Hordeum (H. murinum, H. marinum and H, bulbosum). Calli or embryoids were formed from microspores in anthers cultured on a medium containing 6‐benzylammopurine (BAP) and ficoll. These calli or embryoids regenerated green or albino shoots and roots after transfer to regeneration media. Green plantlets which developed on regeneration media were transferred to soil where they showed further growth.
Resistance to Coffee Berry Disease in Arabica Coffee Variety ‘Ruiru 11’
Authors: Omondi C. O. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGeneral and specific combining ability effects for resistance to coffee berry disease (Colletotrichum coffeanum Noack sensu Hindorf) in Coffea arabica variety ‘Ruiru 11’ and its parents were estimated according to the North Carolina Design II. A set of nine male parents and eleven females were crossed in all possible combinations to generate ninety‐nine single cross hybrids constituting the ‘Ruiru 11’ variety. The parents and their hybrid progenies were screened and the mean score data analyzed for possible genetic variation. The contributions of the parents to the total genetic variance were low hence the low narrow sense heritability (h2= 0.04). The male and female parents accounted for 9.36 % and 0.96 %, respectively, while their interaction effect accounted for 89.68 %. In the analysis of combining ability for resistance, ExB3.96 and Cat.90 exhibited significant negative general combining ability (GCA). Specific combining abilities (SCA) were negative and significant for Cat.86 × ExB3.99, Cat.127 × ExB3.116 and Cat.119 × ExB3.879 crosses. The implications of these results in selection for highly resistant ‘Ruiru 11’ progenies are discussed.