bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal forecasting of East Asian summer monsoon based on oceanic heat sources
Authors: Lee Eungul , Chase Thomas N. , Rajagopalan Balaji 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe use the upper‐level divergence zone at 150 hPa to define the areas of study for the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and to show the advances and retreats of the EASM. We find that the EASM can be subdivided into a northern and southern component with distinctly different driving mechanisms. The northern EASM (NEASM) is affected by heat sources in the tropical oceans related to El Niño events while the southern EASM (SEASM) is affected by the subtropical oceans related to a North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) dipole mode. A stronger NEASM is related to above‐normal western North Pacific (WNP) anticyclonic anomalies, while a stronger SEASM is related to below‐normal WNP anticyclonic anomalies. These WNP anticyclonic anomalies are connected to SST anomalies in the tropical and subtropical Pacific during the pre‐monsoon season (December∼May). We also find that NEASM precipitation can be predicted from regional oceanic heat sources, i.e. SST and ocean heat content, in the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans during the pre‐monsoon season using a linear regression model. SEASM precipitation can be predicted from pre‐monsoon SST in the eastern North Pacific. The NEASM forecast model is more skillful than that for the SEASM. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Development and validation of a stereoselective HPLC method for the determination of the in vitro transport of nateglinide enantiomers in rat intestine
Authors: Maddi Srinivas , Keshetty Srisailam , Mohan Ega Chandra , Rao Yamasani Madhusudan , Scriba Gerhard K. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA simple stereoselective high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of the in vitro transport of the enantiomers of nateglinide (N‐(trans‐4‐isopropylcyclohexyl‐carbonyl)‐phenylalanine) in the rat intestine using a Chiralcel OJ‐RH column (150×4.0 mm, 5 μm). The effects of the mobile phase composition, pH, the flow rate, and the temperature on the chromatographic separation were investigated. The enantioseparation was achieved at 33°C using a mobile phase containing 100 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pH 2.5, and ACN (32:68 v/v) delivered at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The analytes were monitored at 210 nm and linearity (r >0.99) was obtained for a concentration range of 0.5–50 μg/mL. The LOD and LOQ were 0.2 and 0.5 μg/mL for the R‐enantiomer and 0.2 and 0.8 μg/mL for the S‐enantiomer, respectively. Both, the intra‐ and interday accuracy and precision of the calibration curves were determined. The method was successfully applied to estimate the in vitro passage of the enantiomers and the racemate of nateglinide in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of rats. Generally, higher concentrations of nateglinide and the S‐enantiomer were observed when the racemate was administered compared to administration of the individual enantiomers of nateglinide.
Quantitative determination of L‐DOPA in tablets by high performance thin layer chromatography
Authors: Mennickent Sigrid , Nail Mario , Vega Mario , de Diego Marta 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA densitometric high performance thin‐layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed and validated for quantitative analysis of L‐DOPA in tablets. Chromatographic separation was achieved on precoated silica gel F 254 HPTLC plates using a mixture of acetone–chloroform–n‐butanol–acetic acid glacial–water (60:40:40:40:35 v/v/v/v/v) as mobile phase. Quantitative analysis was carried out at a wavelength of 497 nm. The method was linear between 100 and 500 ng/μL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The intra‐assay variation was between 0.26 and 0.65% and the interassay was between 0.52 and 2.04%. The detection limit was 1.12 ng/μL, and the quantification limit was 3.29 ng/μL. The accuracy ranged from 100.40 to 101.09%, with a CV not higher than 1.40%. The method was successfully applied to quantify L‐DOPA in real pharmaceutical samples, including the comparison with HPLC measurements. The method was fast, specific, with a good precision, and accurate for the quantitative determination of L‐DOPA in tablets.
Fast gas chromatography‐full scan quadrupole mass spectrometry for the determination of allergens in fragrances
Authors: Mondello Luigi , Sciarrone Danilo , Casilli Alessandro , Tranchida Peter Quinto , Dugo Paola , Dugo Giovanni 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Scientific Committee for Cosmetics and NonFood Products in the 7th Amendment to the European Cosmetics Directive established 26 fragrance components, widely used in cosmetic products, as being responsible for a series of contact allergies (Directive 2003/15/EC, Official Journal of the European Union, L66/26, 11.3.2003). The regulation foresees that any allergen, present in excess of 100 mg/kg in rinse‐off and of 10 mg/kg in leave‐on formulations, must be reported on the label of the product. The present research reports a fast GC‐full scan quadrupole mass spectrometric method (under 5 min) for the qualitative/quantitative analysis of allergens in perfumes. Reliable peak identification was achieved through a twin‐filtered MS library matching procedure, considering a minimum degree of spectral similarity (90%) and retention data (a linear retention index window was applied). Peak quantification was carried out by using a specific extracted ion. In case a suspected allergen fell within its retention time window but presented a low degree of spectral purity (< 90%), analyte determination was achieved by using three extracted ions (one quantifier and two qualifiers). The fast GC‐MS method was validated in terms of intraday retention time and peak area precision, LODs and LOQs, and method linearity. Finally, peak skewing was also evaluated and was within more than acceptable limits.
Turning in Parkinson's disease patients and controls: The effect of auditory cues
Authors: Willems Anne‐Marie , Nieuwboer Alice , Chavret Fabienne , Desloovere Kaat , Dom René , Rochester Lynn , Kwakkel Gert , van Wegen Erwin , Jones Diana 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTurning is an impaired activity in persons with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). The current study examines the turning characteristics in PwPD (9 freezers and 10 nonfreezers) and 9 controls, and explores the effect of rhythmic auditory cues while turning. Turning parameters were collected from a 180° left U‐turn during a noncued and a cued condition, using a 3D measuring system. Auditory cues were supplied with a metronome at a rhythm equaling the subject's comfortable step frequency during straight line walking. Results showed that in contrast to controls, PwPD used a wider turning‐arc and took smaller, narrower steps. In addition, they demonstrated a higher Coefficient of Variation (CV) of step duration (6.92%) compared to controls (4.88%, P < 0.05). The “wide‐arc” turning strategy of PwPD was more prominent in freezers than in nonfreezers. Auditory cues reduced the CV of step duration in PwPD (both freezers and nonfreezers) during turning (from 6.92 to 6.00%, P < 0.05). In summary: Cueing reduced the gait‐timing variability during turning, but PwPD maintained a wider arc to turn compared with controls. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Prognostic factors for the progression of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review
Authors: Post Bart , Merkus Maruschka P. , de Haan Rob J. , Speelman Johannes D. ,   CARPA Study Group
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this systematic review is to summarize studies that describe the course of Parkinson's disease (PD) and to identify factors that predict change in motor impairment, disability, and quality of life. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science limited to the English, French, German, Spanish, and Dutch language. Reports were selected if the study involved subjects with PD, the outcome measures described impairment, disability, or quality of life and follow‐up was at least 6 months. All included studies were scored for methodological quality. Data were extracted and summarized in a best evidence synthesis. We screened 1,535 titles and abstracts, of which 27 fulfilled our inclusion criteria. A meta‐analysis to quantitatively aggregate progression scores of motor impairment and disability was not possible because of the wide variety of outcome measures used and the heterogeneous study populations. Limited evidence is found for lower UPDRS‐ME at baseline, dementia and SE < 70% as prognostic factors for future motor impairment. There is strong evidence for higher age at onset and higher PIGD‐score; and limited evidence for higher bradykinesia‐score, non‐tremor dominant subtype, symmetrical disease at baseline, and depression as prognostic factors for progression of disability. Prognostic factors were identified for impairment and disability. The literature on prognosis in PD is not fulfilling the high methodological standards applied nowadays. There is a need for prospective cohorts of PD patients assembled at a common early point in the disease with long time follow‐up. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
ATP1A3 mutation in the first asian case of rapid‐onset dystonia‐parkinsonism
Authors: Lee Jee‐Young , Gollamudi Seema , Ozelius Laurie J. , Kim Ji‐Young , Jeon Beom S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe report a 38‐year‐old Korean man with sporadic rapid‐onset dystonia‐parkinsonism (RDP), who had a Thr 618 Met mutation in the Na+/K+‐ATPase α3 subunit gene (ATP1A3). At the age of 21, he acutely developed severe dystonia and parkinsonism, which rapidly deteriorated into a wheelchair‐bound state within 4 days. He is the first Asian RDP patient confirmed by genetic testing, ascertaining that RDP gene mutation is present in Asians. Pathophysiological considerations are briefly discussed. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Global weak solutions to a ferrofluid flow model
Authors: Amirat Youcef , Hamdache Kamel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe are concerned with the global solvability of the differential system introduced by Shliomis to describe the flow of a colloidal suspension of magnetized nanoparticles in a nonconducting liquid, under the action of an external magnetic field. The system is a combination of the Navier–Stokes equations, the magnetization equation, and the magnetostatic equations. We prove, by using a method of regularization, the existence of global‐in‐time weak solutions with finite energy to an initial boundary‐value problem and establish the long‐time behaviour of such solutions. The main difficulty is due to the singularity of the gradient magnetic force and the torque. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fixed point strategies for elastostatic frictional contact problems
Authors: Laborde Patrick , Renard Yves 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSeveral fixed point strategies and Uzawa algorithms (for classical and augmented Lagrangian formulations) are presented to solve the unilateral contact problem with Coulomb friction. These methods are analysed, without introducing any regularization, and a theoretical comparison is performed. Thanks to a formalism coming from convex analysis, some new fixed point strategies are presented and compared with known methods. The analysis is first performed on continuous Tresca problem and then on the finite dimensional Coulomb problem derived from an arbitrary finite element method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐apoptotic activity of porcine cFLIP in ovarian granulosa cell lines
Authors: Matsuda‐Minehata Fuko , Goto Yasufumi , Inoue Naoko , Sakamaki Kazuhiro , Chedrese P. Jorge , Manabe Noboru 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn mammalian ovaries, more than 99% of follicles undergo atresia during growth and development. Recently, we found that the expression of cellular FLICE‐like inhibitory protein long form (cFLIPL) decreased during follicular atresia in granulosa cells of porcine ovaries. In humans and other species, both the short (cFLIPS) and long (cFLIPL) forms of cFLIP are considered to function as cell survival factors that inhibit death ligand receptor‐mediated apoptosis. Since the anti‐apoptotic activity of porcine cFLIP (pcFLIP) in granulosa cells had not been determined, we examined the effect of pcFLIP on survival using granulosa‐derived cell lines. A human cervix adenocarcinoma cell line, HeLa, human ovarian granulosa tumor cell line, KGN, and porcine granulosa‐derived cell line, JC‐410, were used. By Western blotting, internal cFLIPL was detected in all cell lines, but only trace levels of cFLIPS were found in HeLa and KGN cells. To examine the anti‐apoptotic activity, pcFLIPS or pcFLIPL was overexpressed in HeLa and KGN cells. Transfected cells in which pcFLIPS or pcFLIPL was overexpressed, survived the induction of Fas‐mediated apoptosis, while almost all of the cells transfected with empty vector died. Then, we suppressed the expression of porcine cFLIPS and/or cFLIPL in JC‐410 cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA). When both cFLIPS and cFLIPL, or only cFLIPL was suppressed, cell viability declined significantly. From the results, we conclude that porcine cFLIPS and cFLIPL exhibit anti‐apoptotic activity in granulosa‐derived cells. It was strongly suggested that pcFLIP acts as a survival‐promoting factor in granulosa cells and determines whether porcine ovarian follicles survive or undergo atresia. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1165–1170, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Most expressed transcripts in sexual organs and other tissues
Authors: Kouadjo Kouame E. , Yoshioka Mayumi , Nishida Yuichiro , St‐Amand Jonny 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study characterizes the most highly expressed transcripts of 15 intact tissues in mice by using the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) strategy which indicates the relative level of expression for each transcript matched to the tag. We show that the most abundant transcripts in the prostate, testis, and skeletal muscle characterize the main functions of these organs as an exocrine gland of male reproduction, spermatogenesis, and contraction, respectively. In addition, the top nine most abundant transcripts in the testis are tissue‐specific genes while the most abundant transcripts in the prostate are also abundantly expressed in the liver. Furthermore, the most abundant transcripts in the ovary, mammary gland, and vagina are related to steroidogenesis, adipocytes, and keratinization, respectively, whereas genes involved in the cell defence are abundantly expressed in the liver, lung, bone, mammary gland, and adipose tissue. These findings suggest that the top 10 transcripts are sufficient to characterize each tissue of the body. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 230–242, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aberrant DNA methylation in porcine in vitro‐, parthenogenetic‐, and somatic cell nuclear transfer‐produced blastocysts
Authors: Bonk Aaron J. , Li Rongfeng , Lai Liangxue , Hao Yanhong , Liu Zhonghua , Samuel Melissa , Fergason Emily A. , Whitworth Kristin M. , Murphy Clifton N. , Antoniou Eric , Prather Randall S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEarly embryonic development in the pig requires DNA methylation remodeling of the maternal and paternal genomes. Aberrant remodeling, which can be exasperated by in vitro technologies, is detrimental to development and can result in physiological and anatomic abnormalities in the developing fetus and offspring. Here, we developed and validated a microarray based approach to characterize on a global scale the CpG methylation profiles of porcine gametes and blastocyst stage embryos. The relative methylation in the gamete and blastocyst samples showed that 18.5% (921/4,992) of the DNA clones were found to be significantly different (P < 0.01) in at least one of the samples. Furthermore, for the different blastocyst groups, the methylation profile of the in vitro‐produced blastocysts was less similar to the in vivo‐produced blastocysts as compared to the parthenogenetic‐ and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)‐produced blastocysts. The microarray results were validated by using bisulfite sequencing for 12 of the genomic regions in liver, sperm, and in vivo‐produced blastocysts. These results suggest that a generalized change in global methylation is not responsible for the low developmental potential of blastocysts produced by using in vitro techniques. Instead, the appropriate methylation of a relatively small number of genomic regions in the early embryo may enable early development to occur. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 250–264, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does uroflow predict ISD?
Authors: Smith Phillip P. , Appell Rodney A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAimThe term superflow has been given to abnormally high flow rates in women, and has been thought to be indicative of intrinsic sphincteric deficiency (ISD), as ISD is associated with low urethral pressure. Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) damages the sphincteric mechanism extrinsic to the urethra. The aim of this study was to determine if ISD can be predicted from voiding flow rates in women with symptomatic POP.MethodsThe charts of 82 patients who had undergone surgery for repair of symptomatic vaginal prolapse were reviewed. Uroflow and urodynamic endpoints were compared between dry and stress incontinent patients, and correlations between abdominal leak point pressures (LPP) and pressure/flow data evaluated.ResultsAverage maximum flow (Qmax) at uroflow was greater than at urodynamics with no significant difference in voided volumes. Twenty eight patients were found to have urodynamic stress incontinence (SUI), and an additional 19 to have “occult” stress incontinence. Patients with SUI had higher flow rates at urodynamics than continent patients. Voiding detrusor pressures and flow rates were not different when categorized by LPP cutoffs of 100 and 60 cm/w. Abdominal leak point pressure did not significantly correlate with any uroflow or urodynamic pressure/flow parameter.ConclusionsFlow rates, whether determined by uroflow testing or at urodynamics, are not predictive of ISD as defined by a low abdominal leak point pressure, in patients with symptomatic POP. Either the effect of ISD on flow rates is a non‐linear complex relationship or LPP does not adequately define ISD. Neurourol. Urodyn. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zupfen am Lebensfaden: Experimente mit einzelnen DNS‐Molekülen
Authors: Fink Hans‐Werner , Escher Conrad 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDas DNS‐Molekül ist nur zwei Nanometer dick und kann mehrere Millimeter lang sein. Herkömmliche Methoden zur Strukturanalyse erfordern die Herstellung von DNS‐Kristallen. Einzelne Moleküle lassen sich mit holographischen Methoden abbilden, wenn auch bislang nicht mit atomarer Auflösung. Die Hoffnung ruht auf Röntgenpulsen aus zukünftigen Freie‐Elektronen‐Lasern und auf kohärenten, langsamen Elektronen. Das Biopolymer bevorzugt in natürlicher wässriger Umgebung eine verknäulte Gestalt. Fluoreszenzmikroskope können zwar nicht die innere Struktur, aber die Bewegung einzelner DNS‐Moleküle in wässriger Lösung sichtbar machen. Auch die Messung der Energetik einzelner DNS‐Stränge in dieser natürlichen Umgebung gelingt schon.
Kinetische Farben. Spielwiese
Authors: Schlichting Hans‐Joachim , Suhr Wilfried 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMit verhältnismäßig einfachen Vorrichtungen lassen sich eindrucksvolle Farberscheinungen erzeugen. Diese Vorrichtungen mischen weißes Licht durch einen schnellen periodischen Wechsel farbiger Lichtpulse. In diesem Licht bewegte Objekte erscheinen daher in unterschiedlichen Farben. Neben den reinen Ausgangsfarben treten dabei auch Mischfarben aus unterschiedlich großen Anteilen dieser Ausgangsfarben sowie deren Komplementärfarben auf. Das Phänomen beeindruckt durch das unerwartete Hervorgehen von Farben aus weißem Licht.
Gebündeltes Röntgenlicht: Planare refraktive Röntgenlinsen
Authors: Last Arndt , Nazmov Vladimir , Reznikova Elena 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHeute stehen Röntgenlinsen zur Verfügung, deren Einsatz viele neue Anwendungen ermöglicht. Zur Beleuchtung von Objekten mit Röntgenlicht eignen sich besonders Kapillaroptiken. Fresnel‐Zonenplatten und refraktive Röntgenlinsen werden eher zur vergrößernden Abbildung eingesetzt. Die Brechzahlen aller geeigneten Materialien unterscheiden sich im Röntgenlicht kaum von der Brechzahl der Luft. Deshalb bestehen refraktive Linsen aus einer Vielzahl von Einzellinsen. Sie eignen sich besonders für Photonenenergien oberhalb von 15 keV, wo die anderen Optiken bereits transparent werden. Die Einzellinsenelemente brauchen nicht mehr zueinander positioniert zu werden, wenn sie mit dem LIGA‐Verfahren oder durch anisotropes Tiefenätzen in Silizium gefertigt sind.
Moderne Zentauren: Physik des Fahrradfahrens
Authors: Schlichting Hans‐Joachim , Suhr Wilfried 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEs gibt verschiedene Möglichkeiten, die Spitzen‐ und Dauergeschwindigkeiten beim Radfahren zu erhöhen, beispielsweise durch Gewichtsverminderung. Entscheidend ist jedoch der Luftwiderstand, da der Rollwiderstand so gut wie unabhängig von der Geschwindigkeit ist. Der Luftwiderstand nimmt jedoch quadratisch mit der Geschwindigkeit zu und erfordert folglich eine mit der dritten Potenz der Geschwindigkeit wachsende Antriebsleistung.
Di‐ and trivalent rare earth complexes stabilized by sterically demanding aminopyridinato ligands as initiators in ring‐opening polymerization reactions of ϵ‐caprolactone
Authors: Guillaume Sophie M. , Schappacher Michèle , Scott Natalie M. , Kempe Rhett 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSalt elimination protocols using Ap*K {Ap*H = (2,6‐diisopropyl‐phenyl)‐[6‐(2,4,6‐triisopropyl‐phenyl)‐pyridin‐2‐yl]‐amine} lead to the rare earth aminopyridinato complex [Ap*LuCl2(thf)2], 4. Results of X‐ray crystal structure analyses of 4 and the corresponding single THF coordinated dimer are discussed. Ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone initiated by complexes [Ap*LaBr2(thf)3], 2, [Ap*YbI(thf)2]2, 3 or 4 in the presence of NaBH4 allows the preparation, in a short reaction time, of α,ω‐dihydroxytelechelic polymers with high molar mass (
$ \bar{M}_{\rm n} $
up to 50,000) and moderate molar mass distributions (1.3 < $ \bar{M}_{\rm w} $/$ \bar{M}_{\rm n} $< 1.6). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3611–3619, 2007
The compatibilization effect of ethylene/styrene interpolymer on polystyrene/polyethylene blends
Authors: Tang Weihua , Tang Jian , Yuan Huilin , Jin Riguang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this study, ethylene/styrene interpolymer (ESI) was used as compatibilizer for the blends of polystyrene (PS) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). The mechanical properties including impact, tensile properties, and morphology of the blends were investigated by means of uniaxial tension, instrumented falling‐weight impact measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. Impact measurements indicated that the impact strength of the blends increases slowly with LDPE content up to 40 wt %; thereafter, it increases sharply with increasing LDPE content. The impact energy of the LDPE‐rich blends exceeded that of pure LDPE, implying that the LDPE polymer can be further toughened by the incorporation of brittle PS minor phase in the presence of ESI. Tensile tests showed that the yield strength of the PS/LDPE/ESI blends decreases considerably with increasing LDPE content. However, the elongation at break of the blends tended to increase significantly with increasing LDPE content. The compatibilization efficiency of ESI and polystyrene‐hydrogenated butadiene‐polystyrene triblock copolymers (SEBS) for PS/LDPE 50/50 was further compared. Mechanical properties show that ESI is more effective to achieve a combination of LDPE toughness and PS rigidity than SEBS. The correlation between the impact property and morphology of the ESI‐compatibilized PS/LDPE blends is discussed. The excellent tensile ductility of the LDPE‐rich blends resulted from shield yielding of the matrix. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2136–2146, 2007