bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction. Photographies et algorithmes
Authors: Blaschke Estelle , Bonhomme Max , Joschke Christian , Somaini Antonio 
Published: February 2025

Ce numéro de Transbordeur est consacré aux relations réciproques entre la photographie et les algorithmes, en particulier les modèles d’intelligence artificielle (IA), que ce soit pour l’analyse, la modification ou la génération d’images. À travers une mise en perspective des recherches menées depuis les années 1960, au croisement de l’informatique, des technologies de l’infographie (CGI) et des expérimentations artistiques, l’introduction du numéro dessine les contours d’une archéologie de l’image algorithmique. Nous interrogeons la façon dont le tournant computationnel a profondément bouleversé la photographie elle-même, que ce soit dans ses pratiques ou dans son ontologie, ainsi que le fait que les images photographiques ont joué un rôle fondamental comme point de référence dans la conception des modèles d’IA analytique et générative, avec le « photoréalisme » comme horizon.
The expatriate entrepreneur: Drivers to migrate to South Africa
Authors: Mathe Sibahle K. , Maharaj Ashika 
Published: February 2025

Orientation: Expatriate entrepreneurs (EEs) willingly seek to relocate abroad independently and belong to the self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) group. They possess the classic behavioural characteristics of entrepreneurs, have the propensity to embrace risk and uncertainty and have high self-efficacy and control while seeking opportunities to initiate business development.Research purpose: This study explores the drivers behind EEs’ decisions to migrate to South Africa.Motivation for the study: The global demand for talent remains the most crucial issue facing many countries. South Africa must attract EE’s to grow the economy as they will start their businesses and provide employment.Research approach/design and method: The research philosophy used in the study was interpretivism. A qualitative methodology adopting snowball sampling was used to identify focus groups, as no reliable records existed. Thematic analysis was adopted to analyse the data collected.Main findings: Drivers to migrate included infrastructure development, business and trade, education, family problems, political instability and the desire to travel abroad.Practical/managerial implications: Expatriate entrepreneurs should acquire the knowledge and understanding of the local culture to help them integrate into South African society. Expatriate entrepreneurs and their families should be willing to learn and speak the local dialects, especially isiXhosa and isiZulu. The Department of Home Affairs needs to make the acquisition of permits and visas less problematic.Contribution/value-add: The study examines EEs who choose to live and start their own businesses abroad by exploring the drivers behind North-South mobility on the African continent.
Assessment of Cranial Spread of Two Different Volumes of Local Anesthetics Using Ultrasound during Caudal Blockade in Children
Authors: Thaleppady Megha , John Nithin , Kulkarni Malavika , Rani K. Rama , Satish Aparna , Shenoy Laxmi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Single-shot caudal anesthesia is the most commonly used regional anesthesia technique in children with broad spectrum of indications. Although several studies have been in relation to caudal anesthesia the issue of volume of local anesthetics and its cranial spread has always been a matter of debate with discrepancies noted between clinical assessment and radiographic spread of the drug. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cranial spread of two volumes of caudally administered local anesthetics in pediatric patients by means of real-time ultrasound.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty children of 1–6 years of age belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists status I/II scheduled for infraumbilical surgeries were administered general anesthesia followed by ultrasound guided caudal anesthesia with 0.25% levobupivacaine, either 1 ml/kg or 0.75 ml/kg with 25 children in each group. Real-time placement of the drug and its maximum cranial spread with respect to T12 vertebrae was noted using ultrasound. Hemodynamic parameters on surgical incision was noted among the groups. Frequencies are presented with descriptive statistics and t-test is used to study difference between the two groups.

Results:
It was noted that the group receiving 0.75 ml/kg of drug had the drug spread between the L2 and L3 vertebral level and the group receiving 1 ml/kg had spread between L1 and L2. There was a positive correlation between dose of drug and distance from T12 vertebra with 1 ml/kg of the drug having a mean of 3.25 ± 1.07 cm whereas 0.75 ml/kg had a mean of 4.44 ± 0.87 cm (P = 0.0001). Patient demographics and hemodynamic parameters on incision were comparable among the groups.

Conclusion:
This study showed that there was a positive correlation between volume of local anesthetic injected in caudal space and its cranial spread with respect to distance from T12 however on comparison between vertebral levels the maximum deposition of local anesthetic was between L1 and L2 for 1 ml/kg and between L2 and L3 for 0.75 ml/kg, respectively.
Improving Outcomes for PHACES Syndrome: A Case Series of Successful Oral Propranolol Treatment in Indian Infants
Authors: Mendiratta Vibhu , Bansal Aanchal , Meena Amit Kumar , Malik Shalini , Raika Jayanthi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
PHACES (posterior fossa anomalies, haemangioma, arterial anomalies, cardiac abnormalities/coarctation of aorta, eye anomalies, sternal pits/supraumbilical raphe) is a neurocutaneous syndrome characterised by large infantile haemangioma (IH) of the face, neck and scalp that is associated with multiple developmental anomalies. There are several controversies regarding the use of propranolol in PHACES syndrome patients who have arterial disease due to the risk of cerebrovascular accidents. We hereby report the successful treatment of two Indian infants with PHACES without any long-term complications with the oral propranolol.
Necrobiosis Lipoidica - A Cutaneous Clue for Diabetes in Children
Authors: Uikey Deepika , Thekho Apaopa Jemima , Godara Anmol 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is an uncommon chronic granulomatous dermatosis seen in women aged 30–40 years old. It is commonly associated with diabetes mellitus. It may present before, concurrently, or after the onset of diabetes. The occurrence of NL in children is quite rare, with only a few reported cases. We present a case of a 6-year-old girl where this cutaneous diagnosis raised a suspicion of type 1 diabetes mellitus and guided its subsequent management.
Cataract surgery with coexisting corneal degeneration
Authors: Jhori Aditi , Bhargava Mona , Bera Debasmita 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Corneal degenerations is an all-inclusive term encompassing a broad spectrum of entities that result from physiological changes secondary to aging, as sequelae to environmental insult, or as an ocular manifestation of systemic diseases or long-standing local inflammation. They are often peripheral and eccentric. They may result in vision loss, ocular pain, and reduced depth perception, and limit patient’s ability to focus well. Degenerations are mostly sporadic and manifest late in life, thus highlighting their coexistence when dealing with cataract surgeries in the concomitant settings of corneal degenerations.

Purpose:
Cataract with coexisting corneal degeneration poses certain unique challenges.

Synopsis:
In this video, we have highlighted the challenges of cataract surgery in a patient with Terrien’s marginal degenerations and Salzman nodular degenerations. Preoperative management, evaluation, intraocular lens power calculation, and postoperative outcome in cases with coexisting diseases along with case-based examples are presented.

Highlights:
In patients of cataract with coexisting corneal degenerations, the critical point is to ensure that the corneal findings are relatively stable. Any surgical planning is quickly invalidated if the disease is actively progressing. It is important to consider location of wound placement and optimization of surgical view in these patients undergoing cataract surgery. Visual prognosis is good, but regular monitoring is required. These cases highlight the importance of addressing the refractive sequelae of coexisting corneal degenerations when planning cataract surgery, to ensure minimal postoperative astigmatism and achieve favorable outcomes.

Video link:

https://youtu.be/JONMwZiKxMs
Hydrophilicity and Dimensional Accuracy of a New Vinyl Polysiloxane Impression Material: An Experimental Study
Authors: Ling Long , Lai Theresa , Malyala Raj 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim:
Higher hydrophilicity and dimensional accuracy can contribute to better accuracy of impression to ensure the clinical success of restoration fabrication. We aimed to investigate the hydrophilicity and dimensional accuracy of a newly formulated vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression material and compare that with those of eight other commercially available VPS impression materials.

Materials and Methods:
The experimental VPS impression material was formulated by our proprietary resin and filler technologies. Capture (S&C Polymer), Express, Imprint 3 and Imprint 4 (3M ESPE), Start VPS (Danville), Honigum (DMG), Virtual (Ivoclar Vivadent), and Elite HD+ (Zhermack) were selected for comparison. The hydrophilicity was characterized by the contact angle (thickness × diameter = 2 × 20 mm, n = 5) that was measured using an Ossila contact angle goniometer. The dimensional accuracy was determined by measuring the linear dimensional change (thickness × diameter = 3 × 30 mm, n = 5) according to ISO 4823:2021. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey tests (P < 0.05).

Results:
The initial contact angles of Experimental are significantly lower than or similar to those of most impression materials for both light body and heavy body. However, Experimental showed significantly lower contact angle than other impression materials except statistically equivalent to Imprint 3, Imprint 4 at 10 sec and 30 sec and Virtual at 10 sec for light body, and significantly lower than most impression materials except higher than Imprint 4 at 10 sec and statistically equivalent to Imprint 4 at 30 sec for heavy body. Experimental exhibited significantly lower dimensional change than or like other impression materials at the beginning, 24 h. 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks for both light body and heavy body.

Conclusion:
The experimental VPS impression material displayed higher hydrophilicity and higher dimensional accuracy and stability compared to those of most commercially available VPS impression materials and is good to use in the fabrication of restorations for accurate impressions.
Effectiveness of a Tactile Graphic Book with Braille and Audio in Reducing Dental Anxiety during Sealant Application among Visually Impaired Students (8–17 Years): A Matched Pair Cluster-Randomized Study
Authors: Pituvong Pitchaporn , Prapansilp Woranun , Asvanund Yuwadee , Rirattanapong Praphasri 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim:
To evaluate the effectiveness of a tactile graphic book with braille and audio (TBA) in reducing dental anxiety among visually impaired students.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 72 visually impaired students (8–17 years old) were assigned to intervention (preparation with tactile graphic book) or control (no preparation) groups using matched pair cluster randomization. Dental sealants were provided using the Tell-Feel-Do technique. Knowledge was assessed using the Dental Preoperative Information Test (DIT). Anxiety was measured using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), heart rate (HR), and Venham’s Anxiety Rating Scale (VARS). Statistical analyses employed were Chi-square, t test, Fisher–Freeman–Halton exact test, Mann–Whitney U test, repeated measure analysis of variance, and Friedman test.

Results:
The intervention group showed significantly lower anxiety levels, with reduced MDAS scores at predental treatment (P = 0.039) and postdental treatment (P = 0.003). The control group experienced a significant HR increase from predental treatment to sitting on the dental unit (P = 0.009), whereas the intervention group did not show this significant change. VARS scores were not significantly different between groups (P = 0.926). The intervention group also demonstrated significantly higher DIT scores (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
A TBA effectively reduced dental anxiety among visually impaired students, offering a promising approach for enhancing dental experiences in this population.
Validation of Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD-14) in Peruvian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Evaristo-Chiyong Teresa A. , Mattos-Vela Manuel A. , Gómez-Meza Dora N. , Lamas-Lara Victor F. , Rodríguez-Vargas Martha C. , Agudelo-Suárez Andrés A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim:
The Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD)-14 instrument was developed as a concise tool for assessing oral health literacy. However, its psychometric properties have not been validated in the Peruvian context. This study aims to adapt and validate the short version of the HeLD-14 instrument for the Peruvian adult population.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 adults aged 18–83 years from three healthcare centers in Lima, Peru. The HeLD-14 was translated, back-translated, and piloted to ensure clarity. Psychometric properties were assessed using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM). Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach α and y Omega de McDonald. The test–retest reliability was evaluated in a subsample of 34 participants with a 15-day interval. Data were analyzed using R v4.4.1 and AMOS 24.0.

Results:
The HeLD-14 demonstrated strong psychometric properties. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin value was 0.804, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (χ
2 = 3152; P < 0.001). Cronbach α for internal consistency was 0.913. The test–retest reliability showed a moderate correlation (ρ = 0.666; P < 0.001). CFA results confirmed the multidimensional structure of the instrument, with all factor loadings exceeding 0.40 and P value < 0.001. SEM indicated strong and significant relationships between oral health literacy and its seven dimensions (standardized loadings: 0.33–0.69).

Conclusion:
The HeLD-14 instrument is a valid and reliable tool for assessing oral health literacy in Peruvian adults. Its simplicity and robustness make it suitable for application in research and public healthcare interventions. Future studies should explore its application in diverse Peruvian populations and its predictive value for oral health outcomes.
Relationship between Mediotrusive Occlusal Contacts and Temporomandibular Disorders in Young Adults without Psychosocial Disorders: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Mendoza-Martiarena Yens , Paredes-Coz Gerson , Alvarado-Menacho Sergio , Watanabe-Velásquez Romel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim:
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are multifactorial pathologies often associated with pain, muscle dysfunction, and joint alterations. Mediotrusive (MT) occlusal contacts have been implicated in TMDs due to their potential to alter mandibular biomechanics and masticatory patterns. However, the strength of this association, especially in individuals without psychosocial disorders, remains unclear. The aim was to investigate the relationship between MT occlusal contacts and acute TMDs symptomatology in young adults without psychosocial disorders.

Materials and Methods:
This case-control study included 116 university students aged 18–30 years, divided into cases (n = 58) with TMDs and controls (n = 58) without TMDs. The Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs were used for diagnosis. MT occlusal contacts were evaluated using 12 µm Arti-Fol tape. Guided lateral mandibular movements were performed to assess their role in TMD symptomatology. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression, were conducted to assess the association between MT contacts and TMDs, adjusting for confounders such as age, gender, angle classification, and retruded contact position to maximum intercuspation (RCP-MI) discrepancies ≥2 mm. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
MT occlusal contacts were significantly associated with TMDs (P = 0.003). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for individuals with MT occlusal contacts was 3.70 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.58–8.66). This association was strongest at short lateral movement trajectories, particularly at 0.5 mm (P = 0.013, OR=2.63) and 1 mm (P = 0.002, OR=4.56). Class II malocclusion and RCP-MI discrepancies ≥2 mm were also significantly associated with TMDs in adjusted models.

Conclusion:
MT occlusal contacts are associated with acute TMDs symptomatology in young adults without psychosocial disorders, particularly during short lateral mandibular movements. However, their predictive value is low, and adaptive mechanisms likely mitigate their long-term effects. This study does not support routine occlusal therapy for managing these contacts in TMD patients. Future longitudinal research should explore chronicity, digital methods for occlusal recording, and the interplay between MT contacts and other etiological factors.
Antimicrobial Effect of Three Different Nanoparticles-Modified 3D-Printed Denture Resin: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Abd Elhamid Abo Salh Islam Basuny , Add El-Salam Emad Boriqaa , Ezzat Amgad A. , Aboshama Mohamed , Elhagali Ahmed Fathey 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim:
This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of adding zirconia nanoparticles (NPs; ZrO2NPs), silver NPs (AgNPs), and titanium dioxide NPs (TiO2NPs) in various concentrations to three-dimensional (3D)-printed denture resin against Candida Albicans, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus, this study was carried out.

Materials and Methods:
The antimicrobial efficacy of 150 disk-shaped specimens with a diameter of 15 mm × 2 mm of unmodified (n = 15) and modified (n = 135) 3D-printed denture resin specimens after the addition of silanated ZrO2NPs, AgNPs, or TiO2NPs (n = 45) in varying concentrations (n = 15) of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% were compared using three oral bacteria (S.pyogenes, S. aureus, and C. albicans) as test subjects. Antimicrobial activity was tested by disk diffusion methods.

Results:
According to the results, when the three tested NPs (ZrO2NPs, AgNPs, and TiO2NPs) were added, the bacterial count significantly decreased compared with the unmodified 3D-printed resin. Additionally, the findings showed that as the concentration of the studied NPs increased, so did their antibacterial activity. At 1.5% and 1% concentrations, the AgNPs’ antibacterial activity was negligible. However, the in vitro study’s findings showed that, in terms of the kinds of microorganisms studied, there were no appreciable variations between the three tested NPs.

Conclusion:
The inclusion of ZrO2NPs, AgNPs, and TiO2NPs significantly had antimicrobial action against (S. pyogenes, S. aureus, and C. albicans).
Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine as Irrigants in Root Canal Therapy
Authors: Prasad L Karthik , Markan Sheenam , Suthar Mahishi G. , Samal Sweta , Yaser Almazyad , Mallikarjun Elaprolu , Patel Panthi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This research aims to analyze the antimicrobial efficacy of “sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)” and “chlorhexidine (CHX)” as canal irrigants, evaluating their effects on bacterial load during “Root canal treatment (RCT)”.

Materials and Methods:
In this randomized controlled trial, 80 subjects requiring RCT were included. The participants were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A received 2.5% NaOCl as the irrigant, while Group B received 2% CHX. Microbial samples were gathered from the root canals using sterile paper points both before and after irrigation. The bacterial load was evaluated by counting “colony-forming units (CFUs)” following bacterial culture. Statistical analyzes were conducted using paired t-tests and ANOVA, with a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:
Both NaOCl and CHX demonstrated substantial reductions in the bacterial load within the canal system. Group A (NaOCl) achieved a post-irrigation mean CFU count of 1.9 million, reflecting a 96% reduction in bacterial load. Group B (CHX) recorded a mean CFU count of 6.7 million, corresponding to an 86% reduction. The difference in bacterial reduction between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01), indicating that NaOCl was more effective than CHX as an irrigant.

Conclusion:
Sodium hypochlorite proved to be more efficient than chlorhexidine in reducing microbial counts in root canals. While NaOCl appears to offer superior bacterial reduction, CHX, due to its substantivity and lower cytotoxicity, may still have valuable roles in particular clinical contexts.
Assessment of Oral Health Disparities and Barriers to Care among Underserved Populations in Urban and Rural Settings
Authors: Parmar Digvijaysinh , Sailo Jenny Lalmalsawmi , Sakhamuri Sahithya , Dalapati Chandan , Dutta Smita Durga , Arya Shivam , Dixit Heena 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Oral health disparities persist between urban and rural populations, particularly among underserved communities. Geographic isolation, financial constraints, and lack of access to dental services contribute significantly to these disparities. Rural populations often encounter greater barriers in accessing healthcare facilities, whereas urban underserved groups face challenges such as overburdened public health systems. This study aims to assess and compare the disparities in oral health outcomes and the barriers to care faced by underserved populations in both urban and rural settings.

Methods:
A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted using data from various peer-reviewed literature studies on oral health disparities among underserved urban and rural populations. Three parameters were evaluated: socioeconomic status, insurance coverage, and geographic access to dental services. The data were analyzed using Chi-square tests, with statistical significance determined at a P value of < 0.05.

Results:
Statistical analysis demonstrated significant disparities in oral health outcomes and access to care between urban and rural populations, with rural communities experiencing worse outcomes in terms of insurance coverage, income levels, and proximity to dental care facilities. Differences in oral health status, such as untreated dental caries and periodontal disease, were also significantly higher in rural populations compared to urban groups.

Conclusion:
Efforts to reduce oral health disparities must consider the unique challenges faced by both urban and rural underserved populations. Targeted public health interventions and policies that address geographic, financial, and systemic barriers to care are essential to improving oral health equity.