bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced protein production by engineered zinc finger proteins
Authors: Reik Andreas , Zhou Yuanyue , Collingwood Trevor N. , Warfe Lyndon , Bartsevich Victor , Kong Yanhong , Henning Karla A. , Fallentine Barrett K. , Zhang Lei , Zhong Xiaohong , Jouvenot Yann , Jamieson Andrew C. , Rebar Edward J. , Case Casey C. , Korman Alan , Li Xiao‐Yong , Black Amelia , King David J. , Gregory Philip D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIncreasing the yield of therapeutic proteins from mammalian production cell lines reduces costs and decreases the time to market. To this end, we engineered a zinc finger protein transcription factor (ZFP TF) that binds a DNA sequence within the promoter driving transgene expression. This ZFP TF enabled >100% increase in protein yield from CHO cells in transient, stable, and fermentor production run settings. Expression vectors engineered to carry up to 10 ZFP binding sites further enhanced ZFP‐mediated increases in protein production up to ∼500%. The multimerized ZFP binding sites function independently of the promoter, and therefore across vector platforms. CHO cell lines stably expressing ZFP TFs demonstrated growth characteristics similar to parental cell lines. ZFP TF expression and gains in protein production were stable over >30 generations in the absence of antibiotic selection. Our results demonstrate that ZFP TFs can rapidly and stably increase protein production in mammalian cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 97: 1180–1189. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a 3D cell culture system for investigating cell interactions with electrospun fibers
Authors: Sun Tao , Norton David , McKean Robert J. , Haycock John W. , Ryan Anthony J. , MacNeil Sheila 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThere are many variables to be considered in studying how cells interact with 3D scaffolds used in tissue engineering. In this study we investigated the influence of the fiber diameter and interfiber spaces of 3D electrospun fiber scaffolds on the behavior of human dermal fibroblasts. Fibers of two dissimilar model materials, polystyrene and poly‐L‐lactic acid, with a broad range of diameters were constructed in a specifically developed 3D cell culture system. When fibroblasts were introduced to freestanding fibers, and encouraged to “walk the plank,” a minimum fiber diameter of 10 µm was observed for cell adhesion and migration, irrespective of fiber material chemistry. A distance between fibers of up to 200 µm was also observed to be the maximum gap that could be bridged by cell aggregates—a behavior not seen in conventional 2D culture. This approach has identified some basic micro‐architectural parameters for electrospun scaffold design and some key differences in fibroblast growth in 3D. We suggest the findings will be of value for optimizing the integration of cells in these scaffolds for skin tissue engineering. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 97: 1318–1328. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcome of patients rehabilitated through a New Zealand forensic psychiatry service: a 7.5 year retrospective study
Authors: Simpson Alexander I. F. , Jones Roland M. , Evans Ceri , McKenna Brian 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper describes a 7.5 year retrospective study of all patients discharged from inpatient forensic services to forensic community team (FCT) follow‐up from the Auckland Regional Forensic Psychiatry Service. Patients' files were studied for clinical, criminal, and risk data, type of service delivered, and final level of function achieved in the community. Rearrest, re‐hospitalization, and reimprisonment data were obtained from clinical, court, and prison records.105 patients were included. The most common diagnosis was a psychotic disorder, and index offending behaviour was typically violent. The median period of inpatient stay was 36 months and mean subsequent FCT follow‐up 21.7 months (SD 17.8). The majority of patients were from Maori and Pacific Island ethnic groups. At the end of the study, half were in independent living, half were in some form of employment, and 19% were readmitted to a forensic hospital.One patient was rearrested but not reimprisoned whilst under forensic community team care. However, 9 of the 48 who were discharged to general mental health services were rearrested and 5 reimprisoned. Only two offences were as serious as the original index offence.Broad based assertive, mandated, and committed forensic rehabilitation can achieve high quality outcomes. These levels of function may not be sustained under less assertive care. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating children's services to promote children's welfare: early findings from the implementation of children's trusts in England
Authors: O'Brien Margaret , Bachmann Max , Husbands Chris , Shreeve Ann , Jones Natalia , Watson Jacqueline , Shemilt Ian 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAs part of the reform of English children's services, children's trust pathfinders were launched in 2003 by the British government to promote greater inter‐agency co‐operation between children's services and professionals. This paper reports on early findings from a multi‐method, longitudinal national evaluation of the implementation and impact of all 35 children's trust pathfinders. Using data from a 2004 survey of 35 children's trusts managers and in‐depth interviews with 107 professionals conducted in 2005, results show strong endorsement of an integrated children's service vision. However, arrangements for co‐operation on governance and strategic developments were more advanced than for procedural or frontline professional practice. In this transitional period, professionals were negotiating a balance between targeted and universal service provision and, concurrently, establishing the scope of formal strategic partnership bodies (including local safeguarding children boards) with potentially overlapping remits. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Resonance Energy Transfer Immunoassay Based on a Thiol‐Reactive Ruthenium Donor Dye and a Longwave‐Emitting Acceptor
Authors: Weh Jochen , Duerkop Axel , Wolfbeis Otto S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA novel immunoassay is described that applies a thiol‐reactive ruthenium metal–ligand complex as the donor dye in a luminescence energy transfer (LET) detection scheme. Unlike amine‐reactive labels, the LET with a thiol label allows improved specificity and better reproducibility of labelling positions on proteins, because the number of reactive thiol groups of proteins is distinctly smaller. This helps to reduce the risk of over‐labelling and self‐quenching of the fluorophore. The synthesis of the thiol label was significantly improved, resulting in almost quantitative yields of pure product. The absorption and emission maxima of the ruthenium donor dye are at 460 nm and 600 nm, respectively, and a Stokes' shift of 140 nm warrants distinct separation of excitation and emission wavelengths even in turbid samples. A cyanine dye with an absorption maximum at 642 nm was chosen as the acceptor label because it has good overlap with the emission spectrum of the donor label. The emission of the acceptor peaks at 660 nm, thus further increasing the Stokes' shift (to an overall 200 nm). The quantification of anti‐HSA with the LET immunoassay is possible with this new approach at concentrations as low as 220 pmol L−1.
Hydrogencyanamide‐Bridged One‐Dimensional Polymers Built on MnIII–Schiff Base Fragments: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetism
Authors: Yuan Mei , Zhao Fei , Zhang Wen , Pan Feng , Wang Zhe‐Ming , Gao Song 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe ability of NCNH− to construct transition metal coordination polymers and to transmit magnetic coupling was investigated. By introduction of various tetradentate Schiff base ligands (L) and different solvents (S), nine NCNH−‐bridged manganese(III) coordination complexes were obtained. Their structures can be divided into three types: I) NCNH‐bridged chains built on mononuclear [MnIII(L)] units, [MnIII(L)(μ1,3‐NCNH)]n (L=5‐Brsalen (1), 5‐Clsalen (2)); II) NCNH‐bridged chains built on dinuclear [MnIII2(L)2] units, complexes 3–8, [MnIII2(L)2(μ1,3‐NCNH)]ClO4⋅S (L=salen, 5‐Fsalen, 5‐Clsalen, 5‐OCH3salen; S=CH3OH or C2H5OH); III) NCNH‐bridged MnIII dimers linked by hydrogen bonds into a 1D polymer, {[MnIII(3‐OCH3salen)(H2O)]2(μ1,3‐NCNH)}ClO4⋅0.5 H2O (9, salen=N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)‐1,2‐diaminoethane). In these complexes, the NCNH− resonance structure dominates the bonding mode of the NCNH− ligand adopting the μ1,3‐bridging mode. Magnetic characterization shows that the asymmetric NCNH− bridge transmits antiferromagnetic interaction between MnIII ions and often favors the weak ferromagnetism caused by spin canting in these one‐dimensional chains. However, these complexes exhibit different magnetic behaviors at low temperatures.
Experiences with psychotherapy for depression in routine care: a naturalistic patient survey in Germany
Authors: Hoyer Jürgen , Helbig Sylvia , Wittchen Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe present survey assessed consumer satisfaction of patients having undergone psychotherapy for depression as well as service characteristics including treatment access, communication of diagnosis and treatment rationale, quality assurance and adverse events. The study was conducted in the form of a 15‐item questionnaire that was published in one of Germany's leading health magazines. 473 persons responded (81.5% women, age range 17–83). 49.8% of the respondents reported substantial or reasonable improvement; two out of three patients stated they had been satisfied with their therapy. Improvement and satisfaction were greater in those patients who had been informed about diagnosis and treatment; they were lower when unpleasant experiences were reported. Methodological restrictions of the study are outlined and hypotheses about potential strengths and deficits in the delivery of psychotherapy for depression in Germany are proposed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanistic Analysis of Nucleophilic Substrates Oxidation by Functional Models of Vanadium‐Dependent Haloperoxidases: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Schneider Curtis J. , Zampella Giuseppe , Greco Claudio , Pecoraro Vincent L. , De Gioia Luca 
Published: December 2006

AbstractDensity functional theory has been used to investigate the structural, electronic, and reactivity properties of an established functional model for vanadium‐dependent haloperoxidases, K[VO(O2)Hheida] (Hheida2– = 2,2′‐[(2‐hydroxyethyl)imino]diacetate). Possible solution species were determined on the basis of potential exogenous donors present under the conditions necessary for reactivity. The energetically favored solution‐state species is a 1:1 complex of Hheida and vanadium with a coordinated hydroxyethyl donor trans to the vanadium–oxido bond which is in agreement with the reported solid‐state structure for K[VO(O2)Hheida]. Transition states of the oxidation reaction were located for four substrates: chloride, bromide, iodide, and dimethyl sulfide. The role of protonation and its effects on reactivity were examined for each substrate. Protonation of the peroxido moiety leads to a significant drop in the activation barrier for oxidation. In contrast no transition states could be located for an oxido‐transfer process involving the oxido ligand. Barriers of activation calculated for halide oxidation were similar, providing support to the hypothesis that the pKa of the halide in acetonitrile is responsible for the decrease in reactivity between I–, Br–, and Cl–. The results presented herein provide a mechanistic correlation between a functional model and the enzyme, making K[VO(O2)Hheida] a “complete” functional model for vanadium‐dependent haloperoxidase.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Pyropheophytin a – Determination of thermal degradation products of chlorophyll a in virgin olive oil
Authors: Gertz Christian , Fiebig Hans‐Jochen 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe “Joint Committee for the Analysis of Fats, Oils, Fatty Products, Related Products and Raw Materials (GA Fett)” has developed the following method for the determination of Pyropheophytin a in virgin olive oils to detect a possible thermal treatment. It is intended to include this method in Section C, Chapter VI of the German Standard Methods.*
Mycothiazole: Synthesis of the C8–C18 Subunit and Further Evidence of the (Z)‐Δ14 Double Bond Configuration
Authors: Rega Miriam , Candal Paloma , Jiménez Carlos , Rodríguez Jaime 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of mycothiazole derivatives was undertaken in order to have further evidence of the C14–C15 double bond configuration. The recently revised (Z) configuration in the natural compound is consistent with the data found for our synthetic analogs. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Chiral Macrocyclic Bis(oxazoline) CuI Complexes – Structure/Stereoselectivity Relationships in Catalytic Cyclopropanations
Authors: Portada Tomislav , Roje Marin , Raza Zlata , Čaplar Vesna , Žinić Mladen , Šunjić Vitomir 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe design and synthesis of 18 chiral macrocycles with built in C2‐symmetric bis(oxazoline) units is described and the catalytic properties of their copper(I) complexes in cyclopropanations of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate are assessed. The bridging of two homochiral centers in the bis(oxazoline) unit gives a macrocyclic ligand, which upon binding of CuI is transformed into a macrocyclic catalytic complex containing a chiral cavity. Such a complex represents a conceptually new type of supramolecular organometallic catalyst, possessing a chiral reaction cavity. A clear relationship between catalyst structures and the stereoselectivity outcome in the catalytic cyclopropanations has been established and it is demonstrated that both the enantioselectivity and the diastereoselectivity can be independently modified by variation of the ligand structural parameters. The CuI complex of the ligand 3b gave a trans/cis diastereomeric ratio of 94:6 (de = 88 %), representing the highest diastereoselectivity obtained to date for cyclopropanations catalyzed by the bis(oxazoline) class of complexes. An explanation of the observed relationship between stereochemical outcome and ligand structure is proposed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Evaluation of the home help service and its impact on the informal caregiver's burden of dependent elders
Authors: Carretero Stephanie , Garcés Jorge , Ródenas Francisco 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAimThis study looks at the objective and subjective characteristics of home respite service provision and its impact on the informal care burden of dependent elders.MethodA sample of 296 dependent people and their informal caregivers was randomly selected among users and non‐users of the Home Help Service (HHS) in an autonomous Spanish region (Comunidad Valenciana). An experimental design was used and a field study was carrying out that collected information on sociodemographic variables of the dependent person and his/her caregiver, HHS characteristics and the assessment of the services delivered by this resource as well as the informal caregivers'burden.ResultsThe results show that the services of this resource are very limited, with low cover and frequency, and they do not address the real dependency needs in specific activities of daily living. However, users and caregivers are satisfied with this care and experience a higher quality of life since it was implemented, although the HHS does not alleviate informal caregivers' stress.ConclusionThese data show the need to extend the services delivered by the HHS and the duration of care, address the caregiver's need for psychological care, and look at potentially modifiable variables in the care context when designing prevention and psychosocial intervention programmes to lessen the informal caregiver's burden. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oligonucleotide Analogues with Integrated Bases and Backbone. Part 13
Authors: Zhang Xiaomin , Bernet Bruno , Vasella Andrea 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe self‐complementary UA and AU dinucleotide analogues 41–45, 47, 48, and 51–60 were prepared by Sonogashira coupling of 6‐iodouridines with C(5′)‐ethynylated adenosines and of 8‐iodoadenosines with C(5′)‐ethynylated uridines. The dinucleotide analogues associate in CDCl3 solution. The C(6/I)‐unsubstituted AU dimers 51 and 54 prefer an anti‐oriented uracilyl group and form stretched linear duplexes. The UA propargyl alcohols 41 and 43–45 possess a persistent intramolecular O(5′/I)H⋅⋅⋅N(3/I) H‐bond and, thus, a syn‐oriented adeninyl and a gt‐ or tg‐oriented ethynyl moiety; they form corrugated linear duplexes. All other dimers form cyclic duplexes characterized by syn‐oriented nucleobases. The preferred orientation of the ethynyl moiety (the C(4′),C(5′) torsion angle) defines a conformation between gg and one where the ethynyl group eclipses O(4′/I). The UA dimers 42, 47, and 48 form Watson–Crick H‐bonds, the AU dimers 56 and 58–60 H‐bonds of the Watson–Crick‐type, the AU dimers 53 and 55 reverse‐Hoogsteen, and 57 Hoogsteen H‐bonds. The pairing mode depends on the substituent of C(5′/I) (H, OSiiPr3; OH) and on the H‐bonds of HOC(5′/I) in the AU dimers. Association constants were derived from the concentration‐dependent chemical shift for HN(3) of the uracilyl moiety; they vary from 45–104 M−1 for linear duplexes to 197–2307 M−1 for cyclic duplexes. The thermodynamic parameters were determined by van't Hoff analysis of the temperature‐dependence of the (concentration‐dependent) chemical shift for HN(3) of the uracilyl moiety. Neglecting stacking energies, one finds an average energy of 3.5–4.0 kcal/mol per intermolecular H‐bond. Base stacking is evidenced by the temperature‐dependent CD spectra. The crystal structure of 54 shows two antiparallel chains of dimers connected by Watson‐Crick H‐bonds. The chains are bridged by a strong H‐bond between the propargylic OH and OC(4) and by weak reverse A ⋅ A Hoogsteen H‐bonds.
Molybdate Sulfuric Acid/NaNO2: A Novel Heterogeneous System for the N‐Nitrosation of Secondary Amines under Mild Conditions
Authors: Montazerozohori Morteza , Karami Bahador 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWet molybdate sulfuric acid (= dioxo[bis(sulfato‐κO)]molybdenum; MSA), a new solid acid, can be used in combination with sodium nitrite (NaNO2) to transform a variety of secondary amines to the corresponding N‐nitroso compounds under mild, heterogeneous conditions (Table). The process has several advantages: the reagents are inexpensive and non‐hazardous, the reaction is clean, fast, and high‐yielding, and MSA can be readily removed by filtration and re‐used (after treatment with HCl) without loss of activity. Further, only N‐nitrosation was observed, but no C‐ or O‐nitrosation.
Voltammetry as Virtual Potentiometric Sensor in Modelling of a Metal/Ligand System and Refinement of Stability Constants. Part 5
Authors: Cukrowski Ignacy , Magampa Philemon , Mkwizu Tumaini Samuel 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe concept of virtual potential (employed here in modelling operations), a unique experimental setup designed and built in our laboratories, and new regression equations derived for nonlinear fitting of quasi‐reversible direct‐current polarograms were combined with the existing rigorous treatment and refinement of polarographic data to establish reliable metal/ligand models and accurate stability constants for the lead(II)/glycine/OH− and lead(II)/sarcosine/OH− systems (sarcosine = N‐methylglycine). In the case of glycine, the complexes [M(HL)], [ML], [ML2], and [ML3] were identified, and their stability constants (as log β) were established to be 10.51 ± 0.06, 4.58 ± 0.02, 7.19 ± 0.10, and 9.27 ± 0.02, respectively, the complex [ML3] being reported here for the first time (Table 2). The system with sarcosine involving [M(HL)], [ML], [ML2], [ML3], and [ML2(OH)2], with the stability constants (as log β) 11.01 ± 0.04, 4.18 ± 0.03, 7.23 ± 0.03, 9.1 ± 0.3, and 15.97 ± 0.07, respectively, is reported for the first time (Table 3). The log K1 value for PbII with sarcosine is a fraction of a log unit smaller when compared with the PbII complex with glycine, in agreement with the literature data for CuII, NiII, and ZnII showing the same trend for these two ligands. The proposed nonlinear curve‐fitting operations expand the applicability of polarography to study reliably and conveniently quasi‐reversible, on the polarographic time scale, metal/ligand systems (systems with involved heterogeneous kinetics).
Three New Triterpenoids from Dracocephalum forrestii
Authors: Li Gan‐Peng , Zhao Jing‐Feng , Yang Li‐Juan , Yang Xiao‐Dong , Li Liang 
Published: December 2006

AbstractFrom the whole plant of Dracocephalum forrestii (Labiatae), three new and nine known triterpenoids were isolated. The new compounds were identified as (3β,18β)‐20,28‐epoxy‐3‐hydroxyurs‐21‐en‐28‐one (1), (3β,18β)‐urs‐21‐ene‐3,20,28‐triol (2), and (3β,18α,19α)‐ursane‐3,20,28‐triol (3) by means of in‐depth spectroscopic analysis.
A New Robust and Highly Sensitive FRET Donor–Acceptor Pair: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in a Thrombin Assay
Authors: Kainmüller Eva K. , Bannwarth Willi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of a new, robust fluorescence‐resonance‐energy‐transfer (FRET) system is described. Its donor chromophore is derived from an N‐allyl‐substituted quinolinone attached to 4‐bromophenylalanine via Heck cross‐coupling. The resulting Fmoc‐protected derivative 11 was used as building block in solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). As FRET acceptor, a sulfonylated ruthenium(II)–bathophenanthroline complex with a peripheral COOH function was prepared for covalent attachment to target molecules. The UV/VIS absorption and emission spectra of peptides bearing only the donor (D) or acceptor (A) dye showed a good overlap of the emission band of the donor with the absorption band of the acceptor. The fluorescence spectra of a peptide bearing both dyes revealed an additional emission after excitation of the donor, which is due to indirect excitation of the acceptor via FRET. The long fluorescence lifetime of the RuII complex (0.53 μs) makes it well‐suited for time‐resolved measurements. As a first application of this new FRET system, the peptide 18, with the recognition sequence for the protease thrombin, flanked by the two dyes, was synthesized and successfully cleaved by the enzyme. The change in the ratio of the fluorescence intensities could be determined.
Use of experimental design method to investigate metal ion effects in yeast fermentations
Authors: Tosun Ayşe , Ergun Mübeccel 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe dependence of ethanol production by fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae 251 TP(3‐2) on zinc, sodium and potassium ion concentration was studied with the use of a statistical experimental design. The parameters of the ethanol concentration model proposed on the basis of the Box–Wilson experimental design method were evaluated using the experimental data. Comparison of the predicted values from the model with the experimentally observed values showed that the model is a good fit. From analysis of the model equation it was seen that zinc, sodium and potassium ion concentrations have significant main effects on ethanol production but there were no interactive effects of the ions. Using the developed model, the maximum ethanol concentration of 4.19% (v/v) was obtained when potassium, sodium and zinc concentrations were 7900, 930 and 3.04 mg L−1, respectively. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry