bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal energy transport within porous polymer materials: Effects of fiber characteristics
Authors: Wu Huijun , Fan Jintu , Du Ning 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA theoretical model integrating the radiative and conductive heat transfer is presented and applied to evaluate the thermal energy transport within porous polymer materials. The model was first validated by comparing the computed thermal energy flux with the experimental measurements of two porous polymer materials made of wool and polyester. The model was then used to predict the effects of the polymer fiber characteristics (viz. fiber fractional volume, fiber emissivity, fiber radius, and fiber thermal conductivity) on the thermal energy flux within the porous polymer materials. It was found that decreasing fiber radius would significantly reduce the total thermal energy flux through the porous polymer materials, whereas increasing fibre emissivity or decreasing the thermal conductivity would cause a just slight reduction of the total thermal energy flux. The fiber fractional volume had a significant influence on the thermal energy flux, and thereby the fiber fractional volume can be optimized in view of improving the thermal insulating performance of the porous polymer materials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Molecular dynamics of poly(glycolide‐co‐L‐lactide) copolymer during isothermal cold crystallization
Authors: Kortaberria G. , Jimeno A. , Arruti P. , Arbelaiz A. , Mondragon I. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPoly(glycolide‐co‐l‐lactide) (PGA/PLLA) is a random copolymer with 92 wt % PGA, being the basic resin for Vicryl® suture. Molecular dynamics of PGA/PLLA in its wholly amorphous state and during isothermal cold crystallization at 70 and 80°C have been analyzed. Experimental results were generated over a wide range of frequency and temperature by broad‐band dielectric spectroscopy (DRS). The variation of the average relaxation time (defined as τ = [1/2]πfmax where fmax is the frequency at maximum loss for the main α relaxation) has been studied during cold crystallization and the temperature dependence of this average relaxation time for wholly amorphous and crystallized samples has been analyzed. This behavior has been modeled by Havriliak–Negami, Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann, and Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts equations. The evolution profile of the dynamics (frequency at which the maximum loss appears, fmax) depends on the crystallization temperature, being different at 80°C relatively to 70°C, which could reflect different progress of the spherulitic morphology, as it is shown by the evolution of the morphologies obtained during the crystallization processes, followed by optical microscopy. While the loss maximum (and consequently relaxation times) remains almost unmodified during the crystallization process at 70°C, for the process at 80°C the maximum first moves slightly to higher frequencies (shortening of relaxation times) and at the final stages of crystallization it moves to lower frequencies (increasing the relaxation times). Supporting evidence about the thermal behavior of the polymers has been obtained with DSC. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Surface photografting polymerization of trimethylolpropane triacrylate onto LDPE substrate in tetrahydrofuran/water mixtures
Authors: Wang Lifu , Yu Yibing , Liu Lianying , Yang Wantai 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA surface photografting polymerization (λ > 300 nm) of a multifunctional monomer which was trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), was conducted with benzophenone (BP) as photoinitiator and LDPE as model substrate, in mixed solvents containing tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water. Proved by ATR‐IR, highly crosslinked grafted layer was generated rapidly under UV irradiation. Effects on percent conversion of grafting are detailed with, such as feed ratio of BP to TMPTA, mass percent of TMPTA in the reaction system, mass percent of water in the mixed solvents and addition of the second monomer, methyl methacrylate (MMA). As both verified by SEM and AFM, relatively planar grafted layer was produced when photografting was carried out merely in THF; adding water in the reaction system caused the formation of “craters” in the grafted layer. In addition, effects of mass percent of water in the mixed solvents, UV irradiation time, TMPTA concentration and addition of MMA on the size, shape and quantity of the “craters” were investigated by SEM. A plausible mechanism for the formation of “craters” is also proposed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Rheology, thermal characteristics, crystallinity, tenacity and density of cationic dyeable polycaproamide/cationic dyeable poly(trimethylene terephthalate) polyblended fibers
Authors: Shu Yao‐Chi , Hsiao Kai‐Jen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCationic dyeable polycaproamide (CD‐PCA) and cationic dyeable poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (CD‐PTT) polymers were extruded (in ratios 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75) from one melt twin‐screw extruders to prepare three CD‐PCA/CD‐PTT polyblended polymers and then spin fibers. This work examines the rheology, thermal characteristics, crystallinity, tenacity, density, and miscibility parameter μ value of CD‐PCA/CD‐PTT polyblended polymers and fibers using gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, potentiometer, rheometer, the density gradient analysis, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and extension stress–strain measurement. The melting behavior of CD‐PCA/CD‐PTT polyblended polymers revealed negative‐deviation blends (NDB). The 50/50 blend of CD‐PCA/CD‐PTT had the lowest melt viscosity. The experimental DSC results demonstrated that CD‐PCA and CD‐PTT molecules constituted an immiscible system. In particular, CD‐PCA, CD‐PTT, and their polyblended fibers yielded a double endothermic peak. The tenacity of CD‐PCA/CD‐PTT polyblended fibers initially declined and then increased as the CD‐PTT content increased. The crystallinities and densities of CD‐PCA/CD‐PTT polyblended fibers were linearly related to the blend ratio. The values of the miscibility parameter μ for all CD‐PCA/CD‐PTT samples were under zero, revealing electrostatic repulsion between CD‐PCA and CD‐PTT molecules. All experimental data supported the immiscibility of CD‐PCA/CD‐PTT polyblended fibers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Effect of Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, or Zn2+ on properties of polyaniline nanoparticles
Authors: Zhou Su , Wu Tao , Kan Jinqing 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUniform polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles with typical sizes of about 50 nm were electropolymerized on indium tin oxide surfaces in the presence of Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, or Zn2+. According to shaping theory, we first suggest the reason forming PANI spherical particles. Their conductivity, UV‐vis spectra, FTIR spectra, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis were investigated. The conductivities and crystallinity of PANI doped with these ions are higher than those of PANI doped with HCl (PANI/HCl). Both UV‐vis absorption spectra and FTIR spectra indicate the interactions between Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, or Zn2+ and PANI chains. TG analysis also shows that the thermal stability of PANI doped by Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, or Zn2+ is lower than that of PANI/HCl. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Zur Größe und Struktur des Fehlers der Betondruckfestigkeit
Authors: Sieber Edgar 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDer Fehler bzw. die Streuung der Betondruckfestigkeit wird in den Zusammenhang des Sicherheitskonzepts der Grenzzustände gestellt. Die Fehlerbestandteile werden beschrieben und mittels statistisch gestützter mathematischer Fehleranalyse quantitativ bestimmt. Die Anteile der Teilfehler am Gesamtfehler und deren charakteristischer Verlauf werden gezeigt. Die Anwendung der Fehlergleichungen ermöglicht die schnelle Darstellung der Festigkeitsstreuungen.
Betonbau im Atlantik – das Imarsundprojekt
Authors: Blaschko Michael , Torka Jan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Imarsundquerung, von den Norwegern im Jahr 2005 zum Bauwerk des Jahrhunderts gekürt, stellt die geographische Verlängerung der legendären Atlantikstraße an der Norwegischen Westküste dar. Seit der Verkehrsfreigabe am 15. Januar 2007 ersetzt die neue Verbindung den Fährbetrieb zwischen den Inseln Stabblandet (Aukan) und Jørnøya, die bisher nur per Schiff zu erreichen waren, mit der Insel Ertvågøya auf einer Länge von 5,3 km. Die beiden Straßenbrücken über den Imarsund und den Litjsund bilden dabei das Herzstück der Imarsundverbindung. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die Herstellung der Stahlbetonfundamente im Meer. Bauen im Atlantik bedeutet dabei nach wie vor harsche Bedingungen für Mannschaft und Geräte.
Enantioselective HPLC‐UV method for determination of eslicarbazepine acetate (BIA 2‐093) and its metabolites in human plasma
Authors: Alves Gilberto , Figueiredo Isabel , Castel‐Branco Margarida , Loureiro Ana , Fortuna Ana , Falcão Amílcar , Caramona Margarida 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEslicarbazepine acetate (BIA 2‐093) is a novel central nervous system drug undergoing clinical phase III trials for epilepsy and phase II trials for bipolar disorder. A simple and reliable chiral reversed‐phase HPLC‐UV method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of eslicarbazepine acetate, oxcarbazepine, S‐licarbazepine and R‐licarbazepine in human plasma. The analytes and internal standard were extracted from plasma by a solid‐phase extraction using Waters Oasis® HLB cartridges. Chromatographic separation was achieved by isocratic elution with water–methanol (88:12, v/v), at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min, on a LichroCART 250‐4 ChiraDex (β‐cyclodextrin, 5 µm) column at 30°C. All compounds were detected at 225 nm. Calibration curves were linear over the range 0.4–8 µg/mL for eslicarbazepine acetate and oxcarbazepine, and 0.4–80 µg/mL for each licarbazepine enantiomer. The overall intra‐ and interday precision and accuracy did not exceed 15%. Mean relative recoveries varied from 94.00 to 102.23% and the limit of quantification of the assay was 0.4 µg/mL for all compounds. This method seems to be a useful tool for clinical research and therapeutic drug monitoring of eslicarbazepine acetate and its metabolites S‐licarbazepine, R‐licarbazepine and oxcarbazepine. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organizing motions with a nominal description
Authors: Park Min Je , Cho Jieun 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDue to the success of motion capture technologies, large motion capture data become available. Although organizing large databases has been widely researched for various purposes, there is little attention to motion capture data. In this paper, we propose an effective scheme to organize large motion databases according to its nominal features. To do this, we first define a set of attributes and its corresponding values to form a set of attribute‐value pairs. Each attribute represents a visual characteristic of human motion. We adopt machine learning algorithms to assign a specific value to the attribute. Then, we categorize all motions in database according to the set of attribute‐value pairs. Since attributes define nominal properties rather than numerical ones, we adopt a conceptual clustering algorithm based on formal concept analysis (FCA). After clustering, we can acquire a clustering dendrogram called classification tree that characterizes each cluster with a probabilistic description. We present experimental results to show the effectiveness of our scheme for organizing large motion database. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal texture synthesis by patch‐based sampling and morphing interpolation
Authors: Lai Chao‐Hung , Wu Jiunn‐Lin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe present a new algorithm for synthesizing temporal textures, which is simple and requires only a static texture image as input to produce a continuous varying stream of realistic images. We first introduce the basis sequence generation procedure in which the chosen patches from the input texture image are stitched on the output frame via blended alpha mattes formed by minimum error cuts. All the frames in the generated basis sequence are toroidal. We then employ the probabilities of similarity and transition links to generate an inexhaustible sequence with quasi‐periodic quality. To ensure the smoothness of frame‐to‐frame transition, we interpolate natural metamorphosis in each transition link using the efficient automatic morphing technique which solves the problem of morphing between chaotic textures with obscure features. In addition, the proposed method allows users to simply and promptly control the motion parameters and interactively render the landscape animations. We combine the proposed approach with the color transfer technique to augment the visual gratification. Several examples including scenes for cloud, fire, and water are presented to demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is simple, efficient, and controllable for synthesizing temporal textures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyamide Synthesis from 6‐Aminocapronitrile, Part 1: N‐Alkyl Amide Formation by Amine Amidation of a Hydrolyzed Nitrile
Authors: van Dijk Adrianus J. M. , Heyligen Tom , Duchateau Robbert , Meuldijk Jan , Koning Cor E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of N‐hexylpentanamide from a stoichiometric amount of pentanenitrile and hexylamine has been studied as a model reaction for the synthesis of nylon‐6 from 6‐aminocapronitrile. The reaction was carried out under mild hydrothermal conditions and in the presence of a homogeneous ruthenium catalyst. For the mild hydrothermal conditions the presence of hexylamine distinctively increases the nitrile hydrolysis compared to the nitrile hydrolysis in the absence of hexylamine. Amine‐catalyzed nitrile hydrolysis mainly produces the N‐substituted amide. A clear product development is observed, consisting of first the terminal amide formation and second the accumulation of N‐hexylpentanamide. With a maximum conversion of only 80 % after 18 h, the nitrile hydrolysis rate at 230 °C is still much too low for nylon‐6 synthesis. Ruthenium dihydride phosphine was therefore used as a homogeneous catalyst, which significantly increases the nitrile hydrolysis rate. At a temperature of 140 °C and with only 0.5 mol % [RuH2(PPh3)4] a 60 % nitrile conversion is already reached within 2 h. Initially the terminal amide is the sole product, which is gradually converted into N‐hexylpentanamide. The reaction has a high initial rate, however, for higher conversions a strong decrease in hydrolysis rate is observed. This is ascribed to product inhibition, which results from the equilibrium nature of the reaction.
Polyamide Synthesis from 6‐Aminocapronitrile, Part 2: Heterogeneously Catalyzed Nitrile Hydrolysis with Consecutive Amine Amidation
Authors: van Dijk Adrianus J. M. , Duchateau Robbert , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Meuldijk Jan , Koning Cor E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTo test the potential of heterogeneous catalysts for the nylon‐6 synthesis from 6‐aminocapronitrile, a number of zeolites, aluminum silicate, and metal oxides were tested as catalysts for the model reaction of pentanenitrile with water and hexylamine to N‐hexylpentanamide. All zeolitic and aluminum silicate systems showed an insufficient performance, while the metal oxides (TiO2, ZrO2, Nb2O5) showed very promising results. The kinetic behavior of the metal oxides was further investigated. First the nitrile was catalytically hydrolyzed to the terminal amide and subsequently the amidation of the hexylamine occurred. To polymerize 6‐aminocapronitrile into nylon‐6, more than 99 % nitrile conversion was required to obtain a high‐molecular‐weight polymer. Pentanenitrile conversions larger than 99 % can be obtained within six hours, at 230 °C, by using ZrO2 as the catalyst. A kinetic study (by using IR spectroscopy) on the behavior of the metal oxides demonstrated that the adsorbed nitrile was catalytically hydrolyzed at the surface, but remained tightly bound to the surface. Zirconia‐catalyzed polymerizations of 6‐amino‐capronitrile demonstrated that high‐molecular‐weight nylon‐6 is feasible by using this route.
A Study of (Binap)(enyne)tetracarbonyldicobalt(0) Complexes
Authors: Gibson Susan E. , Hardick David J. , Haycock Peter R. , Kaufmann Karina A. C. , Miyazaki Ayako , Tozer Matthew J. , White Andrew J. P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFour (binap)(enyne)tetracarbonyldicobalt(0) complexes have been synthesised and their reactivity monitored by variable temperature 31P NMR spectroscopy. Formation of (binap)dicarbonylhydridocobalt(−1) 12 occurred at temperatures between 35 and 55 °C, depending on the nature of the alkene and alkyne components of the enyne. The structure of 12 was determined by X‐ray crystallography, and its presence under Pauson–Khand reaction conditions was verified by NMR spectroscopy.
Elevated circulating endothelial progenitor marker CD133 messenger RNA levels predict colon cancer recurrence
Authors: Lin Edward H. , Hassan Manal , Li Yanan , Zhao Hua , Nooka Ajay , Sorenson Elizabeth , Xie Keping , Champlin Richard , Wu Xifeng , Li Donghui 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.CD133 is a specific surface marker for bone marrow‐derived circulating endothelial progenitors, which are vital in postnatal physiologic and pathologic (eg, tumor) angiogenesis. In this study, the authors examined whether increased levels of expression of CD133 messenger RNA (mRNA) in peripheral blood predicted disease recurrence in patients with colon cancer.METHODS.Semiquantitative real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to quantify CD133 mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with colon cancer. The assay was developed first and tested at laboratory A (n = 34) and then was validated independently at laboratory B (n = 66). All patients were enrolled between February 2002 and December 2003. A central statistician performed the analysis.RESULTS.At laboratory A, the median CD133 mRNA level was elevated in patients with recurrent disease (4.2; range, 0.017–106.9) compared with patients without recurrence (0.0017; range, 0.0–9.51; P < .001), leading to a 14.6 odds ratio of recurrence (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.7–126; P = .004). At laboratory B, it was confirmed that elevated CD133 mRNA levels at a cutoff point ≥4.79 versus <4.79 were associated with an odds ratio of 22.6 for recurrence (95% CI, 1.7–291.2; P = .02). By comparison, the odds ratio for recurrence was 17.2 (95% CI, 1.8–164; P = .01) for patients with stage III–IV disease versus stage I–II disease according to the Tumor, Lymph Node, Metastasis (TNM) classification. An association also was observed between elevated carcinoma embryonic antigen levels (P = .03; 1‐sided) and decreased survival (P = .035; 1‐sided) with a CD133 mRNA cutoff level of ≥4.79.CONCLUSIONS.Elevated CD133 mRNA levels at ≥4.79 predicted colon cancer recurrence independent of TNM stage IV disease. Larger prospective studies comparing the current assay with standardized methodology are warranted. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Meta–analyses of the association between Chlamydia psittaci and ocular adnexal lymphoma and the response of ocular adnexal lymphoma to antibiotics
Authors: Husain Amina , Roberts Dianna , Pro Barbara , McLaughlin Peter , Esmaeli Bita 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.There are conflicting reports regarding the association between Chlamydia psittaci (Cps) and ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) and the efficacy of antibiotics for OAL. In the current study, the authors attempted to clarify the association between Cps and OAL and the efficacy of antibiotics for OAL.METHODS.Two meta‒analyses were conducted. One focused on the association between Cps and OAL across geographic regions and among different studies. The other was a meta‒analysis of the response of OAL to antibiotic treatment.RESULTS.The authors identified 11 studies of Cps prevalence that included 458 cases of OAL from 10 different countries. Four studies regarding the efficacy of oral antibiotics to treat OAL were found. One hundred four of the 458 OAL specimens (23%) and 87 of the 346 mucosa‒associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma specimens (25%) were found to be positive for Cps. Ninety‐four of the 104 Cps‒positive OAL specimens (90%) came from 3 of the 11 studies. There was wide variation noted between geographic regions and even between studies from the same geographic region with regard to the rate of Cps positivity. The 4 studies concerning the efficacy of antibiotics for OAL were from Italy, Austria, Taiwan, and the U.S. and included 42 patients. Twenty patients (48%) achieved some response (complete response in 8 patients, partial response in 8 patients, and minimal response in 4 patients). Twenty patients also had stable disease, and 2 patients progressed during antibiotic therapy. Objective documentation of response (radiographs or clinical slit‐lamp photographs) was available for only 3 of the 42 patients. Seven additional patients developed disease recurrence after their initial response or stable disease after antibiotic therapy; 6 of these cases of disease recurrence occurred during the first 12 months of follow‒up.CONCLUSIONS.The findings of the current study suggest a striking variability in the association between Cps and OAL across geographic regions and even between studies from the same geographic regions. The overall rate of Cps positivity in our meta‒analysis (23%) was much lower than that reported in the original report. The current study findings also suggest that antibiotics have variable efficacy against OAL. Future prospective trials with standard objective response criteria and a longer follow‒up period would be necessary to evaluate the role of antibiotics in the treatment of OAL further. Cancer 2007; 110:809–15. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Epidemiology of multiple myeloma in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Shang‐Yi , Yao Ming , Tang Jih‐Luh , Lee Wen‐Chung , Tsay Woei , Cheng Ann‐Li , Wang Chiu‐Hwa , Chen Yao‐Chang , Shen Ming‐Ching , Tien Hwei‐Fang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) is lower in Asia than in western countries. However, no data are available on descriptive epidemiology of MM in Chinese.METHODS.From 1979 to 2003, 3602 MM patients were registered in the Taiwan National Cancer Registry. The annual incidence and mortality were calculated and age‐standardized to the world standard population in the year 2000. Age‐period‐cohort effects on incidence were analyzed. The salient clinical data of 526 MM patients in a single institute were also investigated.RESULTS.From 1979 to 2003, the average age‐adjusted incidence per 100,000 population was 0.75. The incidence increased with age to a peak of 5.2 in those aged 75–79 years. In addition to age, remarkable period and birth cohort effects were found to contribute to increased incidence of MM. The age‐adjusted mortality also increased, which accounted for an average of 0.59 per 100,000 deaths; however, the fatality rate was steady at 80%. Clinical and laboratory characteristics and treatment outcomes of the 526 MM patients were similar to those reported elsewhere. Remarkably, extramedullary myeloma (extra‐MM) at diagnosis was more common in patients younger than 55 years of age than in others (43% vs 13%, P < .001).CONCLUSIONS.Incidence of MM in Taiwan has dramatically increased in recent years and is associated with a birth‐cohort effect. There are no apparent differences in treatment outcome between MM patients in Taiwan and in other countries. However, prevalence of extra‐MM is higher in patients younger than 55 years of age. Cancer 2007; 110:896–905. © 2007 American Cancer Society.