bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF NATURAL SEX STEROIDS ON THE EXCRETION OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Keller Paul J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of some natural sex steroids on the excretion of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone in postmenopausal women has been studied. Daily doses of 0.3, 1.5 and 6 mg oestrone, 0.3, 3 and 10 mg oestradiol, 0.2 and 2 mg oestriol, 5 and 50 mg progesterone and 5 and 50 mg testosterone were administered over a period of six days. Low doses of oestrogens induced a marked increase in FSH and to a lower extent also in LH, while a medium dose initially increased the FSH activity, but later induced a sharp decrease in both FSH and LH, whereas high doses immediately depressed both activities without significantly altering the FSH/LH ratio. Progesterone and testosterone induced very slight changes only. After cessation of medication the trend was variable for steroid doses, which were predominantly stimulating. When the initial effect was inhibitory, however, a marked increase in both FSH and LH was observed.
TISSUES RESPONSIBLE FOR INCREASED PLASMA ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN HYPERTHYROID LAYING HENS
Authors: Perek M. , Snapir N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The source of increased plasma alkaline phosphatase activity in laying hens following thyroprotein feed supplementation was investigated in the liver, kidney, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, uterus and femur. Enzyme activity was found to be the most responsive in the duodenum and bone; response in the bone was almost twice as high as in the control group. The epiphyseal parts of the bone showed the greatest relative response as compared with the cortical or medullary parts, though the absolute highest activity was found in the latter. It seems, therefore, that the bone serves as the main source of increased plasma alkaline phosphatase activity in hyperthyroid laying hens.
IN VITRO UPTAKE OF TRITIATED OESTRADIOL BY THE ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMUS AND HYPOPHYSIS OF THE RAT
Authors: Kato Junzo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The anterior, middle, and posterior hypothalamus, the cortex cerebri, the anterior hypophysis as well as the diaphragm of adult ovariectomized rats were incubated in vitro with tritiated 17β-oestradiol. The uptake of tritiated oestradiol was differentially distributed intracerebrally with higher accumulation in the anterior hypothalamus and the hypophysis. Lowering the temperature of the incubation medium caused a reduction in the uptake of radioactivity by the anterior hypothalamus as compared to that found in other brain tissues. Tritiated oestradiol taken up in vitro by the anterior hypothalamus and the hypophysis tended to be retained after further incubation in a steroid-free medium. The addition of non-radioactive 17β-oestradiol to the medium inhibited the uptake of tritiated oestradiol by these tissues. Moreover, pretreatment with non-radioactive 17β-oestradiol in vivo prevented the preferential accumulation of tritiated oestradiol in vitro in the anterior hypothalamus and the hypophysis. These results indicate that oestradiol is preferentially taken up in vitro by the anterior hypothalamus and the hypophysis of the rat.
DISAPPEARANCE RATE OF BOVINE PROLACTIN FROM PLASMA OF FEMALE RATS STUDIED AT INTERVALS OF UP TO 160 MINUTES BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY
Authors: van der Gugten A. A. , Kwa H. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma values resulting from the intravenous administration of 300, 100, 30 and 10 μ of bovine prolactin to rats on day 1 of pregnancy were followed by taking blood samples after 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 minutes respectively. The rate of disappearance was found to be dose-dependent and to vary in time in the same rat.
It is suggested that at least two processes of elimination take place: 1. a (possibly excretory) process, which can bring »unphysiologically high« prolactin levels down to approximately its treshold level of 1.7 μg/ml and 2. a process, which breaks down the hormone into »immunoreactive« polypeptides. This process can degrade 10 μg of bovine prolactin quantitatively within 10 minutes, but appears to become rapidly »saturated« by larger amounts of the hormone.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE 27S AND 32S OPTICAL DENSITY PEAKS OF THE RAT THYROID
Authors: Thomson John A. , Bissett Joyce M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In this paper evidence is presented that a 27S Optical Density (O. D.) peak is absent and a 32S O. D. peak is regularly present on analysis of the soluble thyroid proteins of the goitrous rat. This occurs irrespective of the goitrogenic stimulus and a normal O. D. pattern can be restored by reversal of the goitrous process by thyroxine. In rats rendered goitrous by a low iodine diet or KClO4 treatment, iodine supplementation also removed the 32S O. D. peak and resulted in reformation of the 27S peak. In rats treated by antithyroid drugs of the thiocarbamide group loss of the 32S O. D. peak was not associated with recovery of a 27S peak. This may be related to differences in potency of the various antithyroid drugs. 125I and 3H-leucine were not incorporated into the 32S O. D. peak material of the rat thyroid in vivo or into the 32S O. D. peak material of sheep thyroid slices in vitro. The view that this 32S O. D. peak was not iodoprotein nature was confirmed by showing that this peak had a maximal absorbance at 260 nm favouring the hypothesis that it was composed of nucleic acid.
»MIXED« GONADAL DYSGENESIS, A CASE WITH MALE PHENOTYPE AND 45,X/46,XY MOSAICISM
Authors: Hortling H. , Chapelle A. de la , Teppo L. , Kivioja O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A 48-year-old male with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism and mixed gonadal dysgenesis is presented. His height was 157 cm he had a shield-like chest and multiple skin naevi. The patient had been operated on for hypospadias. At 44 he became mildly diabetic.
On the left side of the scrotum there was a testicle measuring 2 cm, showing a histological picture of the »Sertoli cell only« syndrome. Laparotomy revealed a uterus, a vas deferens and a Fallopian tube. A streak gonad was located on the right side. Histologically the streak gonad resembled those typical of female Turner's syndrome, and the histology of the testis resembled that commonly found in male Turner's syndrome.
Cultures of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood made in 1961, 1962 and 1969 revealed 6, 31 and 12 per cent respectively of cells with the karyotype 46,XY. The remainder of the cells had the karyotype 45,X. Fibroblasts grown from skin biopsies invariably showed only 45,X cells. Mitoses from tissue cultures of the testis showed 29% cells with the karyotype 46,XY. The apparent variations in the proportions of the different stem-lines between different tissues and at different times in mosaicism are emphasized.
Other reports on phenotypic males with the clinical picture of »mixed« gonadal dysgenesis and X/XY mosaicism or related karyotypes are briefly reviewed with emphasis on the testicular histology and the presence of congenital anomalies other than those connected with the genital system.
THE FORMATION OF OESTROGENS BY THE AUTOTRANSPLANTED OVARY OF THE EWE PERFUSED IN VIVO WITH C19 STEROIDS
Authors: Rado Andre , McCracken John A. , Baird David T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The autotransplanted ovary of the ewe was perfused in vivo via the ovarian artery with either 14C or 3H labelled C19 steroids. 17β-Oestradiol was the major phenolic steroid isolated in ovarian venous blood from either testosterone or androstenedione. Smaller amounts of oestrone were obtained but there was no 17α-oestradiol, oestriol nor conjugated oestrogens isolated. The yield of oestrogen was approximately ten fold greater from androstenedione than from testosterone suggesting that the main route of oestrogen biosynthesis in the ovine ovary is via the former steroid. The effect of infusing luteinizing hormone (LH) at the rate of 10 μg per hour on the conversion of androstenedione to 17β-oestradiol was measured in 5 experiments. In 2 experiments, when the steady state was not achieved, the increasing rate of conversion was halted. On the other hand LH resulted in a temporary increase followed by a decrease in the rate of conversion in the remaining 3 experiments in which there was a constant rate of conversion in the control samples. These results are compatible with the concept that LH stimulates the aromatisation of androstenedione to oestrogens by the ovary in vivo.
PROGESTERONE AND HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN (HCG) LEVELS IN PLASMA DURING DILATION OF THE UTERINE CERVIX IN EARLY HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Fylling Petter , Norman Nils 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Dilation of the uterine cervix for 16 hours as a preliminary to the induction of legal abortion during the first trimester of human pregnancy resulted in a marked increase in the plasma level of both progesterone and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). In a control group (with the dilating instrument taped on the medial side of the upper thigh) no increase in progesterone occurred. The increase in the plasma level of HCG was more pronounced than that of progesterone, the mean increase being 80 and 50 per cent respectively. Following the termination of the pregnancy, the half life (t½) of endogenous HCG in peripheral plasma could be calculated, and was found to be about 7 hours.
SERUM TESTOSTERONE AS AN INDEX OF GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION IN ACROMEGALY AND PITUITARY DISEASE
Authors: Rosenfield Robert L. , Goldfine Ira D. , Lawrence A. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Laboratory evidence for hypogonadism has been sought in 33 patients with acromegaly and pituitary disease. Low serum testosterone was found in 7 of the 15 males with acromegaly and 4 of 4 with chromophobe adenomas. Clomiphene administration caused no rise in testosterone in the acromegalic tested; a normal response to HCG, however, was determined in another. Disparity between testosterone levels and sperm count in three subjects suggests that dissociation of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion from interstitial cell stimulating hormone (LH) secretion may occur in association with hypothalamic-pituitary disease. This study indicates that gonadotrophic insufficiency is a commonly associated feature of acromegaly in the male.
Testosterone levels were depressed in four of the five females with hypoadrenalism and/or hypogonadism secondary to pituitary disease who were not on oestrogen substitution therapy.
GLUCAGON-INDUCED GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE IN CHILDREN
Authors: Weber Bruno , Helge Hans , Quabbe Hans-Jürgen 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of iv glucagon injections on growth hormone (GH) secretion has been studied in 45 children. A rapid increase in GH plasma values within 30 min was seen in 15 out of 23 normal, 6 out of 12 obese, and 3 out of 10 diabetic subjects. Maximal individual increments ranged from 4.1 to 16.8 ng/ml in the normal, 2.1 to 6.3 ng/ml in the obese, and 2.1 to 4.2 ng/ml in the diabetic responders, respectively. A lower incidence in the GH response and smaller peaks in the obese, as compared to normal weight subjects, agree with many studies using different stimuli. The hyporesponsiveness of diabetic children to glucagon remains unexplained. Some correlation between GH responses and nausea or sick feeling, which occurred in many children following the glucagon load of 1 mg, seemed to indicate stress-like mechanisms as the major cause of this phenomenon, but the possible relevance of more specific glucagon effects cannot be excluded.
AMINES AND MOUSE THYROID ACTIVITY:
Authors: Melander Arne 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Large doses of l-adrenaline (A), l-noradrenaline (NA) or l-isoprenaline (IPNA) increased the blood131I and plasma protein-bound 131I levels in thyroxine-blocked and in hypophysectomized but not in normal mice. The responses were similar to those of thyrotrophin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA). It was concluded that, in the mouse, a large dose of A, NA or IPNA, like 5-HT and DA, induces a release of thyroid hormone, that this effect results from an action within the thyroid gland, and that it is not caused by intra- or extrathyroidal vascular changes. Large doses of tryptamine (TrA) and tyramine (TyA) also evoked increased blood131I levels in thyroxine-blocked mice. Thus several aromatic monoamines seem capable of inducing a release of thyroid hormone. Histamine, an aromatic diamine, was ineffective even in near-lethal doses.
In thyroxine-blocked mice the alpha adrenergic blocking drug phenoxybenzamine (PhBA) inhibited the responses to A, NA, 5-HT, DA, TrA and TyA, whereas the response to IPNA was unaffected or even augmented. The beta blocking drug l-propranolol did not diminish the responses to the first six amines but inhibited the response to IPNA. d-Propranolol, which has only weak beta-blocking properties, did not affect the response to IPNA nor to any of the other amines. The alpha adrenergic blocker phentolamine inhibited the same responses as did PhBA, but also seemed to have a slight hormone-releasing effect of its own.
It is suggested that, in conventional terms, the thyroid hormone-releasing effects of the biogenic monoamines 5-HT, DA, TrA, TyA, A and NA are all mediated by thyroid receptors that are similar to or identical with alpha adrenergic receptors, while the non-biogenic IPNA has a similar effect though mediated by receptors that are similar to or identical with beta receptors.
Theophylline pretreatment slightly but significantly augmented the responses to both 5-HT, A and IPNA. This implies that an activation of thyroidal adenyl cyclase may be involved in the amine-induced release of thyroid hormone, whether the effect is classified as alpha or beta adrenergic in nature.
IONIZED, ULTRAFILTRABLE AND TOTAL CALCIUM IN SERUM IN HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Transbøl lb , Hahnemann Steffen , Hornum lb 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present study has been performed in order to evaluate whether analysis of the ionized and ultrafiltrable fractions of calcium in the serum (Ca++ and UFCa) is superior or not to the analysis of total calcium (TOCa) in demonstrating the presence of hypercalcaemia. For this evaluation determinations have been carried out in 60 patients with hyperparathyroidism.
The material has been divided into one group of 47 patients with definite hypercalcaemia (average TOCa > mean control + 2.6 sd) and another of 14 patients with borderline hypercalcaemia (mean control + 2.6 sd ≧ TOCa ≧ mean control + sd; average Ca++ ≧ mean control + 2.6 sd). In the group with definite hypercalcaemia the average concentrations of TOCa, UFCa and Ca++ are all greater than the mean control + 2.6 sd, but the UFCa and Ca++ provide a greater distinction between the control group and the patients than that indicated by the concentration of TOCa. In the group with borderline hypercalcaemia large parathyroid glands were removed in all patients. Histological classification characterized 8 as adenomas and 6 as normal. Identity between these two subgroups as far as the preoperative level of TOCa, UFCa and Ca++ and the postoperative fall in this level is concerned makes it probable that the parathyroid tissue which was removed in both groups had the same secretory capacity irrespective of the histological classification. It is concluded that the UFCa and Ca++ which were clearly elevated in 9 and 14 patients, respectively, were both superior to the TOCa in demonstrating hypercalcaemia, not only in the 8 patients with definite histological evidence of hyperparathyroidism but also in the group as a whole. When the total of 147 preoperative determinations of Ca++, UFCa and TOCa is estimated, it is found that 3%, 15% and 31%, respectively, of the determinations fall within the mean control level + 2.6 sd and 1%, 9% and 25% within the mean control level + 2 sd. Accordingly, it is suggested that UFCa and/or Ca++ should be determined in all patients with borderline hypercalcaemia.
EFFECT OF pH ON THE BINDING OF THYROXINE TO SERUM PROTEINS
Authors: Coutsoftides Theodore , Gordon Amirav 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The maximal binding capacity of human thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) was found to decrease, and that of thyroxine-binding pre-albumin (TBPA) to increase with an increase in pH in the range of pH 7.2 to 8.2. On the other hand, the transfer of T4125I from the serum to a weak binder (Sephadex) was found to decrease with increasing pH. The same phenomena was shown to exist in mouse and rat serum, and to be blocked by DNP, a potent TBA & TBPA binding inhibitor. It is suggested that serum albumin may play a pH sensitive role in the T4 transfer to tissue.
THE EFFECT OF CORTISOL ON THE INCORPORATION OF RNA AND PROTEIN PRECURSORS INTO THE NUCLEUS AND CYTOPLASM OF HUMAN NEUTROPHILS CULTURED IN VITRO
Authors: Werthamer Seymour , Amaral Leonard 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Previous studies by us indicated, via indirect means, that cortisol decreased the incorporation of leucine into the total protein of cultured human neutrophils. These experiments have been repeated, employing autoradiographic procedures, in order to corroborate our previous observations as well as to obtain information on the possible effect of cortisol on the incorporation of uridine into neutrophil RNA. The results presented suggest that cortisol promotes a decrease in the incorporation of uridine into human neutrophil nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA, whereas, only the synthesis of nuclear protein appears affected. A correlation of these results to the neutrocytosis promoted by the in vitro administration of cortisol to humans is made and discussed.
COMPENSATORY OVARIAN GROWTH AND COMPENSATORY OVULATION AFTER UNILATERAL OVARIECTOMY IN RATS WITH AN OVARIAN AUTOGRAFT IN THE REGION OF THE PORTAL VEIN
Authors: Welschen R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Compensatory growth and the compensatory increase of the number of ovulations in the remaining ovary after unilateral ovariectomy were compared in three groups of rats:
I. Rats with no ovarian graft. II. Rats with an ovarian autograft in the region of the portal vein. III. Rats with an ovarian autograft in a region draining into the general circulation.
Compensatory growth was not inhibited by ovarian grafts placed in the region of the portal vein, whereas this was inhibited with grafts of the same volume but draining into the general circulation. This finding supports the view that compensatory ovarian growth after unilateral ovariectomy is at least partially the result of an increase in the gonadotrophin level in the blood, following the decrease in oestrogen level.
In contrast, the total number of ovulations did not differ significantly in the three groups. The number of ovulations in the ovary in situ was in most cases decreased, when ovulations had occurred in the grafts, even in animals with a graft in the region of the portal vein. These findings are discussed.
EFFECT OF TOXIC URINARY EXTRACTS ON SPECIFIC ASSAYS FOR HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN AND FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE
Authors: Hipkin L. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Boiled urinary extracts, which had inhibited the activity of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in the mouse uterus assay, potentiated the effects of HCG and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion and rat ovarian augmentation assays respectively. This treatment inhibited responses to FSH when the ovarian augmentation assay was conducted in hypophysectomised animals. A toxic urinary extract did not affect the activity of HCG in the ventral prostate weight assay in either intact or hypophysectomised rats. Reasons for the different effects of boiled urinary extracts in these assays are discussed.
METABOLISM OF RAM TESTICULAR SPERMATOZOA IN THE PRESENCE OF TESTOSTERONE AND RELATED STEROIDS
Authors: Voglmayr J. K. , Murdoch R. N. , White I. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of testosterone* and related steroids on the oxidative and glycolytic metabolism of freshly collected ram testicular spermatozoa and of spermatozoa stored under air in rete testis fluid for 3 days at 3°C have been studied. When freshly collected testicular spermatozoa were incubated with glucose under aerobic conditions only a small proportion of the utilized glucose could be accounted for as lactate. The addition of a number of steroids, including testosterone, androstanedione, 5β-androstanedione, androsterone, epiandrosterone and 5β-androsterone, greatly increased aerobic glycolysis, the oxidation of the substrate and the proportion of the utilized substrate converted to lactic acid.
After 3 days storage at 3°C, testicular spermatozoa respired at a greater rate than spermatozoa freshly collected from the testes. Although the stimulating effect of steroids on aerobic glycolysis increased after storage, they depressed rather than stimulated the oxidation of glucose by stored testicular spermatozoa. With the exception of androstanedione, which slightly stimulated glycolysis, storage of testicular spermatozoa for 3 days in the presence of steroids did not significantly influence their subsequent metabolism when washed free of the steroids. Both freshly collected and stored ram testicular spermatozoa displayed a marked Pasteur effect, and utilized more glucose and produced more lactate under anaerobic than under aerobic conditions. In the absence of oxygen the steroids did not stimulate glycolysis to any extent. However, epiandrosterone depressed the glycolysis of freshly collected spermatozoa under anaerobic conditions and after storage, 5β-androsterone had a similar effect.
Androstanedione, 5β-androstanedione, epiandrosterone and 5β-androsterone were the most effective steroids in altering the metabolism of testicular spermatozoa and, under almost all conditions of incubation, depressed the synthesis of amino acids from glucose. The results suggest that the effects of testosterone and related steroids in vitro may depend on the age of the spermatozoa after their release from the Sertoli cells; the steroid effects may have important consequences in vivo in relation to sperm maturation.
PITUITARY-THYROID FUNCTION IN THYROTOXIC PATIENTS IN RELATION TO LONG-ACTING THYROID STIMULATOR (LATS) LEVELS
Authors: Fukuchi Minoru , Matsuoka Tohru , Inoue Tadashi , Miyai Kiyoshi , Kumahara Yuichi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serial changes in TSH, LATS, and thyroxine levels in the sera were studied following administration of an antithyroid drug or a thyroid hormone to thyrotoxic patients who became euthyroid after treatment. These changes were simultaneously determined by means of human TSH radioimmunoassay, McKenzie's bioassay. and the method of Murphy, respectively.
Administration of 1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole (MMI) led to a decrease in thyroxine concentration and to a 6–10 times increase of the initial values in serum TSH concentration. Following administration of thyroxine at the end of the MMI treatment, the elevated serum TSH was rapidly decreased with an increase in thyroxine concentration. LATS activity, however, showed no significant changes throughout these experiments in which the reciprocal changes between TSH and thyroxine concentrations were observed.
METABOLISM OF [4-14C] PROGESTERONE BY COMPONENTS OF NORMAL HUMAN OVARIES
Authors: Axelrod Leonard R. , Goldzieher Joseph W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Follicular, luteal and whole human ovarian tissue were incubated in vitro with [4-14C] progesterone and cofactors. Each of these tissues showed a potential for carrying out a large variety of enzymatic transformations such as 6β and 17α hydroxylations and 20α and 20β reductions, suggesting that all these »anatomical compartments« have the capability of participating in the biosynthesis of a large number of normal intermediates; and their »normal« or anomalous production would be governed by the regulatory mechanisms peripheral to the ovary which themselves may be altered pathologically from the normal. The presence of 19-nor-C19 compounds is unexplained but substantiated by previous work.