bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Location of Sources of Field Resistance to Bremia lactucae in Wild Lactuca Species
Authors: Lebeda A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThirty‐one accessions of four Lactuca species (L. serriola, L. saligna, L. aculeata, L. squarrosa) and one L. serriola×L. sativa hybrid were screened for field resistance to Bremia lactucae. In the L. serriola group, significant differences in the level of field resistance were distinguished. The accessions PI 281876 and PI 253467 were free of infection. Moreover, all L. saligna accessions tested were totally free from disease during three‐year‐investigation.
Chromosomal Location of a Catalase Gene in Wheat Using Rye‐Wheat‐Additions
Authors: Thiele V. , Seidel A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRey‐cytoplasmic rye‐wheat‐additioons were analysed for catalase structural genes using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A structural gene of wheat was found to be located on chromosome 4b and on telocentric 4bL, respectively.
Production of Primary Triticale from Calluses of Immature Abnormal Hybrid Embryos between Triticum durum and Secale cereale
Authors: Shao Z. Z. , Taira T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPlant regeneration was attempted in callus induced from the immature abnormal hybrid embryos between T. durum and S. cereale, using 4‐Huorophenoxyacetic acid as a growth regulator. In particular, the relationship of numerical variation in chromosomes between the callus tissues and the regenerated plants was investigated. Cytological observation revealed that there was no distinctive numerical difference between the shoot‐forming (SF) and the non‐shoot‐forming calluses and also between the SF calluses and the regenerated plants. The root‐tips of regenerated plants consisted of cells having various chromosome numbers, including the expected 2 n = 3 ×= 21 (genomes, ABR) of which the frequency was 69.8 %. The regenerated plants showed partial fertility, notwithstanding that the hybrid plants were expected to be sterile. Since the frequency of abnormal embryos was about 90 % in this cross, the utilization of abnormal embryos was demonstrated by use of callus culture.
Screening of Rice Varieties for Endosperm Storage Proteins
Authors: Bhowmik A. , Omura T. , Kumamaru T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA total of 118 rice varieties/lines (Oryza sativa L.) from Bangladesh were analyzed for endosperm storage proteins on a single seed basis. The screening was done by observing the profiles of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) with standard japonica variety ‘Kinmaze’. Six groups were classified on the basis of the poly‐peptide banding patterns. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed to ensure the SDS‐PAGE results in selected varieties. The analysis of extracted protein fractions revealed that one variety had low prolamin and one variety had high glutelin content.
Path‐Coefficient Analysis of Seed Yield Components in Euphorbia lathyris L.
Authors: Hondelmann W. , Strauss D. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe interrelationships of seed yield components in Euphorbia lathyris L. have been studied by means of path‐coefficient analysis. Two of seven components, ‘Number of flowers of primary inflorescence’ and ‘Number of flowers of secondary inflorescences’ proved to be of major importance through direct effects on ‘Total number of fruits’ as indicator of seed yield. Indirect effects generally arc being canalized via the same variables. Selection for seed yield is made possible through the relation between ‘Number of secondary branches’ and ‘Number of flowers of secondary inflorescences’.
Study on the Inheritance and Relationship of Some Morphological and Fertility Characters in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Duc G. , Berthaut N. , Pellletier R. , Carteron A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInheritance of several morphological and fertility characters was studied in F2 generation of two sets of diallel cross, using Griffing's analysis of variance. A paramount importance of general combining ability (GCA) over specific combining ability was measured for most studied characteristics. Correlations among GCA values for seed yield, morphological and fertility characters do not give a clear definition of the plant ideotype. “Terminal inflorescence” character appeared to reduce the seed per ovule ratio. Higher additive component was found for the ovule per pod than for seed per pod characters.
Influence of Acute and Fractionated X‐Ray Doses on Shoot Production of in Vitro Derived Explants of Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus
Authors: Walther F. , Sauer Annemarie 
Published: April 2006

Abstract In vitro mutation induction experiments will become economically relevant only if the genetic variation can be highly increased by this procedure. For that purpose the utilization of as high X‐ray doses as possible are considered an important prerequisite. It was the objective to investigate the effect of split versus acute X‐ray doses on in vitro derived micro shoots of Gebera jamesonii used as references system for plant species that can be propagated in vitro by axillary shoots. Splitting of doses between 10 Gy and 50 Gy into 2 or 3 fractions separated by periods of 4th each for recovery led to considerably rising shoot production. The recovery from damage, represented by accumulating the number of shoots developed during 16 weeks at 4 subsequent dates pf cutoff post‐treatment, by propagation profiles, and by calculation of the factor of recovery, resulted in the application of very high X‐ray doses only usable by means of multiple dose fraction procedures.
Greenhouse Method for Testing of Resistance of Young Brassica Plants to Alternaria brassicae
Authors: Gröntoft M. , O'Connor D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSmall differences in attack of Alternaria brassicae on Brassica species are difficult to detect in the field. Therefore, a more detailed method was developed in the greenhouse. Small agar discs with Alternaria brassicae were placed with the infected sides against the upper side of the 2nd leaf, over a 4 mm hole. The necrotic lesions on the leaves were measured 7 days after inoculation. The test results indicate that differences in resistance do exist. It is, however, doubtful if the resistance is great enough to be used in a plant breeding programme.
Selection in Early Generations of Dried Peas, Pisurm sativum L.
Authors: Stelling D. , Ebmeyer E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSeed production in peas is limited by early and severe lodging and by a low multiplication rate and pea breeders have tried to overcome such disadvantages by growing plants in early generations widely‐spaced against wire netting. Progenies of four pea crosses were each tested over a period of tour years to investigate whether single plant selection for quantitative characters, in particular grain yield, is efficient in such circumstances in the Is generation. Efficiency of selection was also studied for yield and yield related characters in the F3 based on f2 derived single plant progenies grown in unreplicated microplots.Early yield selection in the F2 as well as in the F3 proved to be of poor efficiency. Heritability values of all recorded traits were only slightly higher in the F3 than in the F2. Efficiency of yield selection could not be increased significantly in these early generations by indirect selection, either for single traits or for index traits.Possible reasons are discussed for the low efficiency of direct and indirect selection for grain yield in early generations and proposals are made for its improvement and for alternative selection strategies.
Flag Leaf Variation and the Analysis of Diversity in Durum Wheat
Authors: Spagnoletti Zeuli P. L. , Qualset C. O. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFlag leaf in wheat (Triticum spp.) is a major source of photosynthate for the developing grain and its size contributes to interplant competition. Flag leaf length, width, and area in a sample of 778 entries of durum wheat (T. turgidum L. durum group) germplasm obtained from the U.S. National Small Grains Collection showed considerable phenotypic variation. Correlations between flag leaf and eight spike quantitative characters showed significant values greater than 0.30 for kernel weight per spike with all three flag leaf measurements and for awn length with flag leaf length and area. Larger flag leaf area appeared to be associated with accessions having a history of some deliberate plant breeding for high grain yield. A multivariate approach was used to assess how discrimination among 26 countries of origin obtained with spike characters in a previous study was affected by reducing the sample size from about 3,000 to 735 and by the addition of flag leaf measurements to the analysis. The reduced sample size had little impact on the results of the previous analysis on the whole collection of about 3,000 entries. The addition of flag leaf characters to the analysis caused a rearrangement in the clusters of countries, mostly from Asia, where less germplasm modified by plant breeding was included in the collection. Five clusters were identified: (1) 11 Mediterranean basin countries, (2) USA, UdSSR, and Yugoslavia, (3) four Near East Countries and Bulgaria, (4) three Middle East countries and Greece, India and Ethiopia, and (5) Afghanistan. Phenotypic differentiation of durum wheat, and probably many other crops, on a geographic basis is more pronounced in areas where plant breeding has had little impact.
The Use of Stomatal Chloroplast Number for Rapid Determination of Ploidy Level in Maize
Authors: Ho I. , Wan Y. , Widholm J. M. , Rayburn A. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe usefulness of using the chloroplast number in epidermal guard cells as an indirect ploidy indicator was evaluated on seed‐grown and tissue culture‐derived maize plants. For seed‐grown plants, two maize genotypes (B89 and R75) which had both diploid and tetraploid seeds available were used as experimental materials. The ploidy levels of seed‐grown plants were confirmed by flow cytometric analysis of nuclear suspensions from these plants. For regenerated plants, haploid and diploid levels were examined and the ploidy levels of these plants were determined by chromosome counts of cells from root tips. A positive relationship between the chloroplast number and ploidy level was observed for both seed‐grown and regenerated plants. The stomatal guard cells of tetraploid plants had nearly double the number of chloroplasts as the diploid plants. Similar results were found from the regenerated plants. The differences in the mean chloroplast number between diploid and tetraploid seed‐grown plants and between haploid and diploid regenerated plants were highly significant. The results of this study demonstrate that counting chloroplasts in guard cells can be an efficient means of screening a large number of plants for ploidy levels. In addition, this study suggests the possibilities of using this method for detecting contaminated seed lots by different ploidy seed and for distinguishing plants of different genotypes.
Rust Resistance and its Stability in Lines of Varying Productivity in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Gowda M. V. C. , Akunachalam V. , Bandyopadhyay A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwenty six lines of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) of varying productivity were tested for yield under four treatments involving fungicidal control of rust and leafspots. Disease severity was measured at two stages of growth, namely 70 days (stage 1) and 90 days after sowing (stage 2). Instead of pod yield, a score (based on an Isd test and grouping over pod yield, shelling %, 100‐kernel weight and % residual green leaf area at stage 2) was used to define performance status of the lines. A study of various character combinations revealed the importance of % residual green leaf area at both stages 1 and 2 in predicting the relative yield performance of lines. This result was obtained by comparing the % agreement of the status of lines given by a particular character set with performance status and was confirmed by a multiple regression analysis of pod yield on all other traits. Seven lines and three progenitor parents showed stability of performance with respect to rust resistance. They included lines derived from crosses between the national check, ‘Robut 33—1’, as one parent and either a rust resistant genotype, NC Ac 17090 or an early Russian accession of (Spanish type) ‘Chico’, as the other. It was suggested that breeding programmes should take into account performance status based on yield and disease severity instead of pod yield alone.
Selection in Early Generations of Dried Peas, Pisum sativum L. III. Plot Size and Plot Type
Authors: Stelling D. , Ismail M. H. , Ebmeyer E. , Fraukn M. , Robbelen G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInvestigations were carried out to study the effect of different plot sizes and plot types on the performance of peas and to determine plot size and plot type combinations suitable for the reliable evaluation of varietal yield performance realized in commercial stands of pea crops. Four pea varieties were tested in 1981 and 1982 in combinations of plot sizes ranging from 0.25 m2 to 19.50 in2 with plot types either unbordered, bordered with faba beans, surrounded with perforated plastic foil or only central sections of plots harvested (net plots).With decreasing plot size the performance mean as well as the error variance of grain yield and thousand grain weight increased disproportionately. Thus, changes in grain yield were much higher than those for thousand grain weight. The four varieties tested reacted differently to changing plot sizes and as a result, highly significant variety × plot size interactions were found. Although overestimation of grain yield in small plots could be strongly reduced by bordering the plots with faba beans or surrounding them with plastic foil, their suitibility for yield testing was limited by highly significant variety × plot type interactions. Compared to the largest net plot (15 m2) reliable results were still obtained with plot sizes larger than 6.5 m2, no matter whether edge effects were eliminated or not. If only a small quantity of seed is available, plots may be reduced even to 1.00 m2, if surrounded by plastic foil.The results presented in peas were compared to those in other crops and discussed concerning their relevance for variety testing as well as for selection of grain yield in early generations.
Studies on the Influence of Photoperiod and Temperature on Floral Traits in Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) under Controlled Stress Conditions
Authors: Lachmann S. , Adachi T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFloral traits of three Japanese and one European buckwheat varieties were studied in a phytotron under three photoperiods (short‐day 10/14 h, long‐day 14/10 h, extreme long‐day 18/6 h) and two thermoperiods (25/20, and 15 °C constant temperature). The Japanese varieties showed a strong delay in flowering under prolonged day length, whereas one European variety reacted almost day‐neutral. Also affected by the photoperiod were the number of flower clusters as well as their sizes. A constant low temperature of 15 °C led to a strong delay in flowering under short‐ and long‐day in all the varieties tested. In particular, the Japanese varieties were sensitive to temperature, developing more flower clusters under high temperature. Furthermore the experiments revealed complex genotype/pliotopenod/thermoperiod interactions. The study, conducted to investigate the causes of low seed‐set observed in buckwheat, offered some suggestions for new breeding strategies. Insensitive genotypes, showing less sensitivity to photoperiod as well as to thermoperiod, should be included in further buckwheat improvement.
The Use of Monosomic Rye Addition Lines for Transferring Rye Chromatin into Bread Wheat
Authors: Ren Z. L. , Lelley T. , Röbbelen G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHybrid plants with 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes and with a haploid rye genome were produced by backcrossing a primary octoploid triticale with its parental hexaploid wheat. Upon a second backcrossing or selfing, the rye chromosomes were eliminated rapidly. Added rye chromosomes, in varying numbers, affected the transmission rate of wheat chromosomes significantly. Loss of wheat chromosomes ranging from 0.06 to 0.35 per plant in different populations was observed. In these plants a remarkably high incidence of wheat/rye and rye/rye translocations occurred. Translocations were identified by using the C‐banding technique. Among 837 analyzed plants 64 wheat/rye and 256 rye/rye translocations were identified. In different generations of backcrossing or selfing the frequency of wheat/rye translocations varied between 4.23 % and 14.67 %. All 14 rye chromosome arms were involved in translocations but with different frequencies. BC1F3 plants with homozygous wheat/rye translocations were isolated The results indicate that monosomic wheat/rye addition lines may be directly used as an effective means to transfer genetic material from rye into bread wheat.
The Use of Monosomic Rye Addition Lines for Transferring Rye Chromatin into Bread Wheat
Authors: Ren Z. L. , Lelley T. , Röbbelen G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe successful transfer of mildew resistance, plant height suppression, leaf colour and several quantitative traits effecting yield from rye into wheat is demonstrated. Plants exhibiting these characters were derived from genotypes which contained a homozygous wheat genome (21”) and different number of additional rye chromosomes in the monosomic condition. Using the C‐banding technique wheat/rye translocation could not be detected in these plants, indicating that the size of the transferred segment must have been below the resolution power of this technique. The results suggest that in wheat plants with additional rye chromosomes in monosomic condition small segments of rye chromosomes with valuable genes are being transferred into wheat by translocation, most probably, between homoeologous wheat and rye chromosomes. The technique described in this paper appears to be a simple way of using rye chromatin in wheat improvement.
Responses to Selection for Root Dimension in a South European Variety of Perennial Ryegrass)*
Authors: Veronesi F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine the effect of selection for large root dimension on root and shoot characteristics of an Italian variety of Lolium perenne L. (cv. ‘Vejo’). Two cycles of recurrent restricted phenotypic selection (RRPS) were carried out in 1983 and 1984 at Perugia (Italy). In each cycle, 20 out of 1,500 plants were selected and intercrossed under isolation. In 1985, 120 plants from‘Vejo selected’ and an equal number of plants from‘Vejo’ initial seed‐lot were grown hydroponically for 92 days; at the end of the experiment, the plants were measured for their number of leaves and stems, leaf length, length of the longest root, root volume and shoot and root dry weight.Sufficient genetic variability existed among plants of cv. ‘Vejo’ to allow highly significant responses to selection for root dimension (+25 % in root length, +39 % in root volume, + 67 % in root dry weight and +31 % in root: shoot dry weight ratio). Furthermore, two cycles of RRPS for root dimension did not show negative responses of the above‐ground parts of the plant.
Effect of Cultivar, Incubation Temperature, and Stage of Microspore Development on Anther Culture in Wheat and Triticale
Authors: Hassawi Dhia S. , Liang G. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEffects of incubation temperature and developmental stage of microspores on polyhaploid production in three wheat cultivars‘Pavon 76′, ‘Kitt’, and ‘Chris’ and one triticale cultivar, ‘T81′, were studied using a one‐step medium. Calli failing to differentiate on the one‐step medium were placed on a medium containing 1 mg/l indole‐3‐acctic acid (IAA) and 2 mg/1 6‐furfurylaminopunne (KIN). Anthers containing either early‐ or late‐uninucleate microspores were incubated in dark at 26, 28 or 32°C lor 3 days prior to transfer to 26°C. Averaged over temperatures and microspore stages, frequency of calli and green plantlets were 8.9 % and 3.4 %, respectively, for wheat cultivar‘Pavon 76′, 8.4 % and 1.6 % for cultivar ‘Kitt’, 4.5 % and 0.25 % for cultivar ‘Chris’, and 2.9 % and 0.12 % for the triticale cultivar‘T81′. However, cultivar‐by‐developmental‐stage interaction was significant for frequency of callus induction. Temperature had no significant effects on callus induction and plantlet regeneration. Anthers containing early‐unmucleate microspores produced no polyhaploids.
Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Phytophthora Root Rot in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Kozik E. , Foolad M. R. , Jones R. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe resistant accession, LA1312, and the susceptible cultivar ‘Peto 343′, were crossed to develop F1, F2 and BC1 populations for genetic analysis of resistance in tomatoes to Phytophthora parasitica Dastur, the causal agent of Phytophthora root rot. There was no maternal effect on resistance. Generation means analysis indicated that tolerance to Phytophthora root rot was under genetic control with both simple (additive and dominance) and digenic interaction (additive × additive and additive × dominance) effects contributing to the total genetic variation among generation means. Weighted least square regression analysis indicated that the majority (ca. 96 %) of the genetic variation could be explained by simple additive effects alone. Narrow sense heritability was estimated as 0.22. Based on effective factor formulae, at least five effective factors controlled the resistance. Implications for breeding procedures are discussed.
Transformation of Medicago sativa L. Using a Ti Plasmid Derived Vector
Authors: Pezzotti M. , Pupilli F. , Damiani F. , Arcioni S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA cultivar of Medicago sativa was transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain At81 binary‐vector carrying the plasmid pKan3A, with the neomycin phosphotransferase gene under the control of the mannopine biosynthesis promoter. Stem segments were infected with the bacterium and kanamycin resistant calli were obtained; plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and polyembryogenesis was achieved only in media devoid of the antibiotic. Genetic transformation was confirmed by the presence of the structural gene through DNA‐DNA hybridization and the enzymatic assay showed its functional expression. Mesophyll protoplasts, leaf calli and S1 progeny of transformed plants grew in the presence of kanamycin (100 μgml‐1). Results are discussed in relation to the use of kanamycin‐resistant plants in somatic hybridization in the genus Medicago.
Genetical Studies of Gibberellic Acid Insensitivity in Rye (Secale cereale L.)
Authors: Börner A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGenetic analysis of three semi‐dwarf genotypes of rye (Secale cereale L.)—‘Moskowskij Karlik’, ‘Gülzow kurz’ and ‘R 18’, which were shown to be insensitive to applied gibberellic acid (GA3), has been carried out by using a seedling test. It could be demonstrated that all of the three genotypes are carrying recessive alleles for GA‐insensitivity. Whereas the alleles of ‘Moskowskij Karlik’ and ‘R 18’ seem to have the same locus on chromosome 5R, the GA‐insensitivity of ‘Gülzow kurz’ is governed by a different gene, most probably located on chromosome 7R. The relationship between the genes (alleles) for GA‐insensitivity and semi‐dwarfness, including the symbolization of the Gai‐genes as well as their utilization in rye breeding is discussed.