bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depressive tendencies and lower levels of self‐sacrifice in mothers, and selflessness in their anorexic daughters
Authors: Bachar Eytan , Kanyas Kyra , Latzer Yael , Canetti Laura , Bonne Omer , Lerer Bernard 
Published: October 2007

Abstract(1) To compare levels of selflessness (the tendency to ignore one's own needs and serve others') and asceticism of parents and daughters, in anorexic and control families. (2) To investigate the relationship between parents' depression and daughters' selflessness. Twenty‐eight anorexic daughters and their 28 mothers and 23 fathers were compared to 29 control daughters and their 29 mothers and 28 fathers, participants were administered the Beck Depression Inventory, the Selflessness Scale, the asceticism scale of the Eating Disorder Inventory and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV. Anorexics' mothers showed significantly lower levels of selflessness and asceticism compared to control mothers; anorexic daughters showed significantly higher levels of selflessness and asceticism compared to control daughters. Depressive tendencies in anorexics' mothers were associated positively and significantly with their daughters' selflessness. The results support the clinical literature that depicts the anorexic daughters' readiness to sacrifice themselves for the family's needs. Clinical implications are drawn. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Niche construction and the behavioral context of plant and animal domestication
Authors: Smith Bruce D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMany animal species attempt to enhance their environments through niche construction or environmental engineering. Such efforts at environmental modification are proposed to play an important and underappreciated role in shaping biotic communities and evolutionary processes.1, 2
Homo sapiens is acknowledged as the ultimate niche constructing species in terms of our rich repertoire of ecosystem engineering skills and the magnitude of their impact. We have been trying to make the world a better place—for ourselves—for tens of thousands of years. I argue here that it is within this general context of niche‐construction behavior that our distant ancestors initially domesticated plants and animals and, in the process, first gained the ability to significantly alter the world's environments.The general concept of niche construction also provides the logical link between current efforts to understand domestication being conducted at two disconnected scales of analysis. At the level of individual plant and animal species, on one hand, there recently have been significant advances in our knowledge of the what, when, and where of domestication of an ever‐increasing number of species worldwide.3 At the same time, large‐scale regional or universal developmental models of the transition to food production continue to be formulated. These incorporate a variety of “macro‐evolutionary” causal variables that may account for why human societies first domesticated plants and animals.4, 5 This essay employs the general concept of niche construction to address the intervening question of how, and to connect these two scales of analysis by identifying the general behavioral context within which human societies responded to “macroevolutionary” causal variables and forged new human plant or animal relationships of domestication.
Accelerated convergence of the numerical simulation of incompressible flow in general curvilinear co‐ordinates by discretizations on the double‐staggered grids
Authors: Shklyar A. , Arbel A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe convergence rate of a methodology for solving incompressible flow in general curvilinear co‐ordinates is analyzed. Double‐staggered grids (DSGs), each defined by the same boundaries as the physical domain, are used for discretization. Both grids are MAC quadrilateral meshes with scalar variables (pressure, temperature, etc.) arranged at the center and the Cartesian velocity components at the middle of the sides of the mesh cells. The problem was checked against benchmark solutions of natural convection in a squeezed cavity, heat transfer in concentric horizontal cylindrical annuli, and a hot cylinder in a duct.Poisson's pressure‐correction equations that arise from the SIMPLE‐like procedure are solved by several methods: successive overrelaxation, symmetric overrelaxation, modified incomplete factorization preconditioner, conjugate gradient (CG), and CG with preconditioner. A genetic algorithm was developed to solve problems of numerical optimization of SIMPLE‐like calculation time in a space of iteration numbers and relaxation parameters. The application provides a means of making an unbiased comparison between the DSGs method and the widely used interpolation method. Furthermore, the convergence rate was demonstrated by application to the calculation of natural convection heat transfer in concentric horizontal cylindrical annuli. Calculation times when DSGs were used were 2–10 times shorter than those achieved by interpolation. With the DSGs method, calculation time increases slightly with increasing non‐orthogonality of the grids, whereas an interpolation method calls for very small iteration parameters that lead to unacceptable calculation times. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of a SUPG finite element scheme for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations using a modified inviscid flux discretization
Authors: Kirk Benjamin S. , Carey Graham F. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper considers the streamline‐upwind Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) method applied to the unsteady compressible Navier–Stokes equations in conservation‐variable form. The spatial discretization, including a modified approach for interpolating the inviscid flux terms in the SUPG finite element formulation, and the second‐order accurate time discretization are presented. The numerical method is discussed in detail. The performance of the algorithm is then investigated by considering inviscid flow past a circular cylinder. Validation of the finite element formulation via comparisons with experimental data for high‐Mach number perfect gas laminar flows is presented, with a specific focus on comparisons with experimentally measured skin friction and convective heat transfer on a 15° compression ramp. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐accurate stabilized finite‐element model for weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive water waves
Authors: Zhong Zhengyong , Wang K. H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIntroduction of a time‐accurate stabilized finite‐element approximation for the numerical investigation of weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive water waves is presented in this paper. To make the time approximation match the order of accuracy of the spatial representation of the linear triangular elements by the Galerkin finite‐element method, the fourth‐order time integration of implicit multistage Padé method is used for the development of the numerical scheme. The streamline‐upwind Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) method with crosswind diffusion is employed to stabilize the scheme and suppress the spurious oscillations, usually common in the numerical computation of convection‐dominated flow problems. The performance of numerical stabilization and accuracy is addressed. Treatments of various boundary conditions, including the open boundary conditions, the perfect reflecting boundary conditions along boundaries with irregular geometry, are also described. Numerical results showing the comparisons with analytical solutions, experimental measurements, and other published numerical results are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prosper study of evidence‐based intervention implementation quality by community–university partnerships
Authors: Spoth Richard , Guyll Max , Lillehoj Catherine J. , Redmond Cleve , Greenberg Mark 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study examined a community–university partnership model for sustained, high‐quality implementation of evidence‐based interventions. In the context of a randomized study, it assessed whether implementation quality for both family‐focused and school‐based universal interventions could be achieved and maintained through community–university partnerships. It also conducted exploratory analyses of factors influencing implementation quality. Results revealed uniformly high rates of both implementation adherence—averaging over 90%—and of other indicators of implementation quality for both family‐focused and school‐based interventions. Moreover, implementation quality was sustained across two cohorts. Exploratory analyses failed to reveal any significant correlates for family‐intervention implementation quality, but did show that some team and instructor characteristics were associated with school‐based implementation quality. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 981–999, 2007.
Appreciative inquiry as a mode of action research for community psychology
Authors: Boyd Neil M. , Bright David S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this article, the authors highlight the potential for rethinking approaches to community and social change interventions that draw on participatory action research at the organizational and community level. They distinguish problem‐centric from opportunity‐centric approaches to social change. Theory on social norms suggests that problem‐centric approaches work with the momentum of norms without substantively changing them. By contrast, opportunity‐centric approaches have the potential to reframe and dramatically shift organizational and community norms. Appreciative inquiry (AI), a growing practice in organization development, is presented as an example of opportunity‐centric change that induces innovation and collaboration through participatory methods. It is distinct from other methods that focus on resolving problems in organizations. The authors illustrate how an AI Summit, a large‐scale inquiry designed with four phases: Discover, Dream, Design, and Destiny, can assist in an opportunity‐centric process. They conclude by describing how opportunity‐centric methodologies like AI fit well with the tenets and concerns of community psychologists. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 1019–1036, 2007.
Adolescent and adult low‐income mothers: How do needs and resources differ?
Authors: Eshbaugh Elaine M. , Luze Gayle J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study examined the living situations and self‐perceived needs and resources of 2,121 low‐income teen and adult mothers. African American and teen mothers were more likely to coreside with grandparental figure(s) than other ethnicities and older mothers. European American mothers and adult mothers were more likely to be living with a partner. While controlling for living situation and ethnicity, teen mothers indicated greater resources than adult mothers in three of four resource areas. Mothers who coresided perceived themselves as having greater basic needs and money resources than mothers in other living situations. Teen mothers perceive their resources positively, perhaps indicating that the support they receive, regardless of their coresidence situation, may be sheltering them from realities that low‐income adult mothers must face. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 1037–1052, 2007.
Assessment of renal circulation in small for gestational age and appropriate for gestational age term newborns: A prospective study
Authors: Kolarovszka Hana , Zibolen Mirko , Stavel Miroslav , Matasova Katarina , Kolarovszki Branislav , Ciljak Martin , Baska Tibor 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPurposeTo compare selected parameters of renal circulation between small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborns.MethodsFifty‐two SGA and 100 AGA term newborns were examined. The size of the kidneys were measured, and renal blood flow in the central and intraparenchymal renal arteries were assessed via Doppler sonography. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), mean blood flow velocity (V mean), resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) were determined and compared between the groups.ResultsNo statistically significant differences in the velocity parameters were found between SGA and AGA infants in central renal arteries. Slightly higher RIs and PIs were seen in AGA newborns (RI, 0.76 ± 0.13 versus 0.78 ± 0.06 [p < 0.05]; PI, 1.65 ± 0.54 versus 1.84 ± 0.46 [p < 0.05]). There were statistically significant differences between the groups in all measured parameters in intraparenchymal arteries (RI, 0.57 ± 0.11 versus 0.63 ± 0.05 [p < 0.001]; PI, 0.89 ± 0.26 versus 1.09 ± 0.16 [p < 0.001]) except PSV (7.11 ± 1.55 versus 7.14 ± 0.81 cm/s [p > 0.05]).ConclusionBased on our findings, we suggest that renal circulation is not negatively influenced by intrauterine growth restriction in SGA neonates compared with AGA newborns. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Iatrogenic abscess at uterine incision site after cesarean section: Sonographic monitoring
Authors: Cho Fu‐Nan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA woman with a large abscess at the site of a uterine incision after a cesarean section was successfully managed without hysterectomy. To my knowledge, transvaginal sonographic monitoring of the healing of an abscess at the site of a uterine incision has not been reported. Although in this case it was possible to preserve the uterus, the possibility of a weak uterine scar remains. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
An ultrastructural study of cell junctions and the cytoskeleton in epithelial cells of the molluscan integument
Authors: Bairati A. , Gioria M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCell junctions and the cytoskeleton of integumental epidermal cells from six bivalves, four gastropods, and two cephalopods were studied by transmission electron microscopy. In all species examined, the junctions in supporting cells presented the following similar pattern: an apical‐lateral adhesion belt (occluding junctions were not observed); (b) a lateral complex of septate junctions and smooth septate junctions, with interdigitations between adjacent cells while the gap junctions were not constantly present, and a basal complex with hemidesmosomes, focal contacts, and sometimes basolateral adherent junctions. Desmosomes were never observed. Microfilamentous and microgranular material were present throughout the cells, as bundles of microfilaments within microvilli and the terminal web, within interdigitations, and as cytoplasmic plaques forming part of the adherent junctions, hemidesmosomes, and focal contacts. Bundles of intermediate filaments that originated from basal hemidesmosomes were located close to and oriented parallel with the lateral plasma membrane and terminated within the terminal web. In cells of Aplysia depilans, intermediate filaments converged apically to terminate in hemidesmosome‐like structures at the bases of the microvilli. In the cephalopods, hemidesmosomes were never observed and intermediate filaments made direct contact with the basal cell membrane. Some functional interpretations and hypotheses were also discussed. J. Morphol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Doublecortin‐expressing cells in the ischemic penumbra of a small‐vessel stroke
Authors: Hua Rui , Doucette Ron , Walz Wolfgang 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA cortical lesion was induced by disrupting the medium‐size pial vessels, which led to a cone‐shaped cortical lesion and turned into a fluid‐filled cavity surrounded by a glial acidic fibrillary protein‐positive (GFAP+) glia limitans 21 days after injury. Therefore, it mimics conditions of lacunar infarctions, one of the most frequent human stroke pathologies. Doublecortin (DCX)‐positive cells were present in the neocortex and corpus callosum at the base of the lesion. The number of DCX‐positive cells in the corpus callosum was significantly increased from day 5 to day 14 compared with the control group. In contrast, there were no DCX‐positive cells in neocortex of control animals; the DCX‐positive cells appeared in the neocortex after lesioning and were maintained until 14 days postlesioning. Some of the DCX‐positive cells were also immunoreactive for βIII‐tubulin, another marker of immature neurons. They did not stain positively for markers of glia cells. The presence of these DCX‐positive cells near the lesion might indicate a migratory pathway for developing neuroblasts from the subventricular zone (SVZ) through the corpus callosum to the lesion. SVZ cells were labeled with a lipophilic molecule, 5‐ (and 6‐) carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) stereotaxical injections. Although rostral migratory stream and olfactory bulb were intensely labeled, no CFSE‐containing cells were found in the cortex beneath the lesion. These results do not support the idea that the DCX‐positive cells were originating from neural precursors of the SVZ, but they might be generated from local progenitor cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two‐dimensional electrophoresis with cationic detergents: A powerful tool for the proteomic analysis of myelin proteins. Part 2: Analytical aspects
Authors: Yamaguchi Yoshihide , Miyagi Yudai , Baba Hiroko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe ability to analyze proteins in developing and damaged myelin will be crucial to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of myelinogenesis, dysmyelination, and demyelination. Comparative two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) is a powerful approach to analyze these proteins. In part 1 of this study (see accompanying paper), a method for the 2‐DE analysis of myelin proteins using the cationic detergents benzyldimethyl‐n‐hexadecylammonium chloride (16‐BAC) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; CTAB) was described. We obtained improved separation and found that 16‐BAC is the most effective agent for separation in 2‐DE of myelin proteins and that CTAB is the most effective agent for solubilization of myelin proteins. Here in part 2, major myelin proteins as well as membrane proteins with multitransmembrane domains were identified by mass spectrometry after 16‐BAC/SDS‐PAGE and CTAB/SDS‐PAGE. In addition, a high‐molecular‐weight protein enriched in myelin fraction was identified as unconventional myosin ID using 16‐BAC/SDS‐PAGE, which had previously not been detected using immobilized pH gradient isoelectric focusing (IPG)/SDS‐PAGE. From these results, we concluded that combinational analysis using IPG/SDS‐PAGE, 16‐BAC/SDS‐PAGE, and CTAB/SDS‐PAGE provides a powerful technique facilitating the proteomic analysis of myelin proteins in either developmental or pathological changes. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biomechanical changes at the hip, knee, and ankle joints during gait are associated with knee osteoarthritis severity
Authors: Astephen Janie L. , Deluzio Kevin J. , Caldwell Graham E. , Dunbar Michael J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMechanical factors have been implicated in the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Understanding how these factors change as the condition progresses would elucidate their role and help in developing interventions that could delay the progress of knee OA. In this cross‐sectional study, we identified kinematic and kinetic variables at the hip, knee, and ankle joints that change between three clinically distinct levels of knee OA disease severity: asymptomatic, moderate OA, and severe OA. The severity level was based on a combined radiographic/symptomatic clinical decision for treatment with (severe) or without (moderate) total knee replacement surgery. Gait variables that changed between groups were categorized as: those that differed between the asymptomatic group and both OA groups, those that differed between the asymptomatic group and the severe OA group only, or those that changed progressively, that is, the asymptomatic differed from the moderate OA, and the moderate OA differed from the severe OA group. Changes seen in both OA subject groups compared to asymptomatic included increased mid‐stance knee adduction moments, decreased peak knee flexion moments, decreased peak hip adduction moments, and decreased peak hip extension moments. Changes found only in the severe knee OA group included multiple kinematic and kinetic differences at the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Gait differences that progressed with OA severity included decreased stance phase knee flexion angles, decreased early stance knee extension moments, decreased peak stance phase hip internal rotation moments, and decreased peak ankle dorsiflexion moments. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:332–341, 2008
High‐field magnetic resonance imaging of the response of human prostate cancer to Pc 4‐based photodynamic therapy in an animal model
Authors: Fei Baowei , Wang Hesheng , Meyers Joseph D. , Feyes Denise K. , Oleinick Nancy L. , Duerk Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIntroductionHigh‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging technique that provides a powerful, non‐invasive tool for in vivo studies of cancer therapy in animal models. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively new treatment modality for prostate cancer, the second leading cause of cancer mortality in American males. The goal of this study was to evaluate the response of human prostate tumor cells growing as xenografts in athymic nude mice to Pc 4‐sensitized PDT.Materials and MethodsPC‐3, a cell line derived from a human prostate malignant tumor, was injected intradermally on the back flanks of athymic nude mice. Two tumors were initiated on each mouse. One was treated and the other served as the control. A second‐generation photosensitizing drug Pc 4 (0.6 mg/kg body weight) was delivered to each animal by tail vein injection 48 hours before laser illumination (672 nm, 100 mW/cm2, 150 J/cm2). A dedicated high‐field (9.4 T) small‐animal MR scanner was used for image acquisitions. A multi‐slice multi‐echo (MSME) technique, permitting noninvasive in vivo assessment of potential therapeutic effects, was used to measure the T2 values and tumor volumes. Animals were scanned immediately before and after PDT and 24 hours after PDT. T2 values were computed and analyzed for the tumor regions.ResultsFor the treated tumors, the T2 values significantly increased (P<0.002) 24 hours after PDT (68.2± 8.5 milliseconds), compared to the pre‐PDT values (55.8±6.6 milliseconds). For the control tumors, there was no significant difference (P = 0.53) between the pre‐PDT (52.5±6.1 milliseconds) and 24‐hour post‐PDT (54.3±6.4 milliseconds) values. Histologic analysis showed that PDT‐treated tumors demonstrated necrosis and inflammation that was not seen in the control.DiscussionChanges in tumor T2 values measured by multi‐slice multi‐echo MR imaging provide an assay that could be useful for clinical monitoring of photodynamic therapy of prostate tumors. Lesers Surg. Med. 39:723–730, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.