bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical and functional changes of the fetal adrenal gland in intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Martinelli Serena , Rolfo Alessandro , Pace Carlotta , Canu Letizia , Nuzzo Anna Maria , Giuffrida Domenica , Gaglioti Pietro , Todros Tullia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to demonstrate the establishment of adrenal sparing in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) human fetuses. IUGR fetuses are a subgroup of small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses that are unable to reach their own growth potential because of chronic hypoxia and undernutrition. We hypothesized that in IUGR fetuses the adrenal gland is relatively larger and secretion of noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A), and cortisol is increased.Study DesignThis is a prospective observational study including 65 singleton pregnancies (42 IUGR and 23 controls). Using two‐dimensional ultrasound, we measured fetal adrenal diameters and adrenal/abdominal circumference (AD/AC) ratio between 25 and 37 weeks. We considered only one measurement per fetus. In 21 pregnancies we also measured NA, A, and cortisol levels in arterial and venous fetal cord blood collected at the time of delivery.ResultsThe AD/AC ratio was significantly higher in IUGR fetuses than in controls. Cord NA and A levels were significantly higher in IUGR fetuses than in controls. An increase in cortisol secretion in IUGR fetuses was observed but the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsAdrenal sparing correlates with a relative increase in adrenal measurements and function.
Social justice content in counseling journals: Comparison of publication rates
Authors: Dollarhide Colette T. , Middleton Tanya , Burciaga Liliana , Casani Jennifer , Dockery Natese , Fraley Audia M. , Karkhanis Sailee , Levine Allison , Lynn Michele , Mushunje Rumbidzai , Osei Twerefour Ildico Harriet , Shrewsbury‐Braxton Sarah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSocial justice is listed as a professional value for the American Counseling Association (ACA) (2014), yet professional publication in this topic may not be commensurate with its importance to the profession. This article presents the results of a qualitative content analysis (QCA, Schreier, 2012) of titles and abstracts of 917 articles in 18 ACA journals and one American School Counselor Association journal to document each journal's publication rate of social justice‐related articles for 2 years: 2018 (2 years before the ACA Anti‐Racism Statement, 2020) and 2022 (2 years after the statement). Results for each journal are presented, and topics of social justice content are listed. Implications are provided for researchers, association leaders, editors, and reviewers.
Morphoanatomical study of the species Zanthoxylum kleinii (R.S. Cowan) P.G. Waterman (Rutaceae)
Authors: Fladzinski Karine Amorim , Armstrong Lorene , dos Anjos Cintia Aparecida , da Rocha Leandro Taborda , Miguel Obdulio Gomes , Miguel Marilis Dallarmi , Montrucchio Deise Prehs , de Fátima Gaspari Dias Josiane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe order Sapindales is comprised of nine families and in Brazil it is represented by six, including Rutaceae Juss., which constitutes the largest group of this order. A variety of species of Zanthoxylum L. are distributed throughout the country, and among them is the species Zanthoxylum kleinii (R.S. Cowan) P.G. Waterman, which is found in the states of Brazil. This study aimed to characterize the morphoanatomy of the leaf, petiole, rachis, and stem of the species Z. kleinii. Histochemical tests were performed, and the sections were visualized under optical and scanning electron microscopy. The analysis showed that the morphoanatomical characteristics of the species are: hypoestomatic leaflets; stomata classified as anomocytic, tetracytic, and anisocytic; dorsiventral mesophyll; cavities that produce a secretion of lipid nature, present in the leaflet, rachis, and petiole; colleters distributed in the leaf; presence of simple non‐glandular trichomes in all structures; and prismatic crystals in the petiole. Histochemical tests indicated the presence of phenolic and lipophilic compounds, mucilage, and lignin. With the result of this research, it was possible to identify the nature of the compounds secreted by the secretory structures of the leaves; in addition, the morphoanatomical characterization of Z. kleinii can provide relevant data for future studies for other organs of the species not yet described. Furthermore, contributing concomitantly with data for the genus, in this way, supporting to differentiate them.Research Highlights
Ultrastructural features observed by microscopic techniques.
Calcium oxalate crystals present in the rachis.
Microchemical tests confirmed the presence of colleters in the leaflet.
Impact of left ventricular diastolic function and direct oral anticoagulant use for predicting embolic events in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yamamoto Jumpei , Hayama Hiromasa , Enomoto Yoshinari , Yamamoto Masaya , Hara Hisao , Hiroi Yukio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) have high stroke risk owing to left atrial dysfunction. However, anticoagulation is a concern in patients with high bleeding risk. We aimed to identify independent predictors of stroke in HF patients with AF.MethodsWe retrospectively examined 320 patients (mean age 79 ± 12 years, 163 women) hospitalized with acute HF complicated by AF between January 2014 and December 2018. Patients were followed from admission until ischemic stroke or systemic embolism (SSE) onset or death or were censored at the last contact date or September 2023.ResultsSSE occurred in 40 patients (median follow‐up of 528 days). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.07, p = .034), direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use (HR 0.26, 95% CI 0.11–0.60, p = .002), and early diastolic peak flow velocity to early diastolic peak annular velocity (E/e'; HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.08, p < .001) to be independent predictors of SSE, whereas left atrial reservoir strain was not. After determining an appropriate E/e' cutoff by receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis and adjusting the multivariate Cox model, E/e' ≥17.5 (HR 3.30, 95% CI 1.56–6.83, p = .001) independently predicted SSE. The results were consistent with no interaction in the subanalysis except for gender.ConclusionElderly patients not on DOACs with elevated E/e' may be at higher risk of stroke, suggesting that DOACs should be the first choice for patients with elevated E/e' and aggressive additional prophylaxis and careful follow‐up are needed.
A national database analysis of the evolution of outcomes of surgery for anal melanoma
Authors: Emile Sameh H. , Horesh Nir , Garoufalia Zoe , Gefen Rachel , Dourado Justin , Wexner Steven D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study assessed trends in treatment and outcomes of anal melanomas over a 17‐year period.MethodsNCDB was searched for patients with anal melanoma (2004–2020). Receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine cutoff year marking increased overall survival (OS) of anal melanoma. Characteristics, treatments, and outcomes in consecutive time periods were compared.ResultsA total of 815 patients (mean age: 67.2 years; 59.4% female) were included: 354 in Period 1 (2004–2012) and 461 in Period 2 (2013–2020). Period 2 included fewer abdominoperineal resections (18% vs. 28%, p = 0.002), more local tumor excisions (61.1% vs. 55%, p = 0.002), more often immunotherapy (odds ratio [OR]: 3.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.22–5.22, p < 0.001) and less often chemotherapy (OR: 0.516, 95% CI: 0.352–0.755, p < 0.001) administered and longer median OS (25.2 vs. 19.8 months, p = 0.006). Independent predictors of worse OS were older age (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.02, p = 0.012), higher Charlson score (HR: 2.32, p = 0.02), and greater number of positive lymph nodes (HR: 1.15, p < 0.001); conversely private insurance (HR: 0.385, p = 0.008) was predictive of increased OS.ConclusionsAnal melanoma patients diagnosed between 2013 and 2020 underwent fewer abdominoperineal resections and more local excisions than patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2013. Increased immunotherapy and longer median OS were noted in period two. Age and private insurance were significant predictors of OS, remaining constant across time periods.
Adjusting metabolic rates and critical oxygen tension in planktonic copepods under increasing hypoxia in highly productive coastal upwelling zones
Authors: Frederick Leissing , Urbina Mauricio A. , Jorquera Erika , Escribano Ruben 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOngoing ocean deoxygenation is threatening marine organisms globally. In eastern boundary upwelling systems, planktonic copepods dominate the epipelagic zooplankton, being crucial in the marine food web. Yet, they must cope with severe hypoxia caused by shoaling of the oxygen minimum zone. Based on laboratory experiments during 2021, we found differential responses in the metabolic rate (MR) and critical oxygen partial pressure of three abundant copepods. Calanoides patagoniensis doubled its MR during the upwelling season, so better exploiting the spring phytoplankton bloom for feeding and reproduction while maintaining their critical oxygen partial pressure unchanged between seasons. Contrastingly, Paracalanus cf. indicus and Acartia tonsa, maintained their MRs throughout seasons, but significantly increased their critical oxygen partial pressure during the upwelling period, becoming less tolerant to hypoxia. Field observations showed that oxygen levels equal to or lower than the critical oxygen partial pressure is a common condition (70% of occurrence) that copepods encounter during the year in the upper 50 m layer. These findings suggest a species‐dependent trade‐off between the MR and the critical oxygen partial pressure, where some species can maintain the latter despite fluctuations in their MR (improved hypoxia tolerance) or maintain their MR at the expenses of a larger critical oxygen partial pressure (improved energy expenditures). These adaptive responses, under oxygen levels equal to or lower than the critical oxygen partial pressure, suggest that exacerbated hypoxia, driven by ocean deoxygenation and increased upwelling, will alter copepod distribution and cause higher copepod mortality, with potentially drastic consequences for marine food webs.
Intense Imagery Movements May Lead to Maladaptive Daydreaming: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Hedderly Tammy , Eccles Claire , Malik Osman , Abdulsatar Farah , Mitchell Clare , Owen Tamsin , Soffer‐Dudek Nirit , Grose Claire , Fernandez Thomas V. , Robinson Sally , Somer Eli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis case series highlights the connection between childhood intense imagery movements (IIM) and adult‐reported maladaptive daydreaming (MD). Motor stereotypies occur in typically developing children and also with co‐occurring neurodevelopmental differences. A subgroup with complex motor stereotypies reports accompanying intense imagery, often enhanced by the movements. This phenomenon can persist into adulthood and, in some cases, will need active management to prevent significant distress and impairment.CasesSix adults, self‐reporting maladaptive daydreaming associated with stereotypies, are presented to demonstrate the associations.Literature ReviewThe clinical significance and function of IIM and MD are unclear, but several hypotheses are discussed, including the mechanism of emotional regulation through sensory seeking, as a process for processing childhood psychological trauma, as intrusive thoughts or images as part of a subtype of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, or as a result of diverse attentional networks seen in neurodevelopmental disorders.ConclusionsThis paper highlights important connections between IIM and MD. Many adults with MD show a childhood origin of stereotypical movements. Whilst immersive daydreaming may provide creativity and emotional regulation, there is evidence of distress and impairment of function for some adults, leading to MD diagnoses. Recognizing this phenomenon is important for all neurologists and physicians working with stereotypical movements.
Contribution of Nutritional, Lifestyle, and Metabolic Risk Factors to Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Nova Andrea , Fazia Teresa , Riggi Emilia , Yang Lin , Piccio Laura , Huang Bo‐Huei , Ahmadi Matthew , Barbagallo Mario , Notarnicola Maria , Giannelli Gianluigi , De Pergola Giovanni , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Cereda Emanuele , Bernardinelli Luisa , Fontana Luigi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundModifiable risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) are poorly known.ObjectivesThe aim is to evaluate independent associations of different nutritional components, physical activity, and sedentary behavior and metabolic factors with the risk of PD.MethodsIn this population‐based prospective cohort study using the data of the United Kingdom Biobank (from 2006–2010), 502,017 men and women who were free from PD (International Classification of Diseases 10th edition; “G20”) at baseline were included. We implemented a Cox proportion hazard's model to evaluate the associations of different levels of physical activity, sitting time, sleep habits, diet quality, alcohol and coffee consumption, smoking, and body mass index with PD risk, adjusting for several confounding variables.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 12.8 years, lifestyle factors including vigorous physical activity (hazard ration [HR] = 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75–0.94), low‐to‐moderate sitting time (HR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81–0.97), and high sleep quality (HR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80–0.99) were associated with a reduced risk of PD. Small amounts of coffee (HR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82–0.95), red meat (HR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76–0.97), and current smoking (HR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.56–0.75) were also associated with a lower risk of PD, whereas alcohol intake (HR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.06–1.56) with higher PD risk. Secondary analysis, including metabolic risk factors, confirmed these findings and highlighted the potential protective effect of plasma vitamin D and uric acid, but of low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, triglycerides, and C‐reactive protein as well.ConclusionsVigorous physical activity, reduced sitting time, good sleep quality together with small coffee intake and vitamin D supplementation are potentially neuroprotective lifestyle interventions for the prevention of PD. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Benzopyrone, a privileged scaffold in drug discovery: An overview of FDA‐approved drugs and clinical candidates
Authors: Sharma Venu , Sharma Ankita , Wadje Bhagyashri N. , Bharate Sandip B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNatural products have always served as an important source of drugs for treating various diseases. Among various privileged natural product scaffolds, the benzopyrone class of compounds has a substantial presence among biologically active compounds. One of the pioneering anticoagulant drugs, warfarin approved in 1954 bears a benzo‐α‐pyrone (coumarin) nucleus. The widely investigated psoriasis drugs, methoxsalen, and trioxsalen, also contain a benzo‐α‐pyrone nucleus. Benzo‐γ‐pyrone (chromone) containing drugs, cromoglic acid, and pranlukast were approved as treatments for asthma in 1982 and 2007, respectively. Numerous other small molecules with a benzopyrone core are under clinical investigation. The present review discusses the discovery, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion properties, and synthetic approaches for the Food and Drug Administration‐approved and clinical‐stage benzopyrone class of compounds. The role of the pyrone core in biological activity has also been discussed. The present review unravels the potential of benzopyrone core in medicinal chemistry and drug development.
Improvement of lower urinary tract dysfunction by a monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor in mice with spinal cord injury
Authors: Cho Kang Jun , Hashimoto Mamoru , Karnup Sergei , Matsuoka Kanako , Kamijo Tadanobu , Kim Joon Chul , Koh Jun Sung , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsActivation of the endocannabinoid system by monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) blockade may affect the lower urinary tract function. We investigated the effect of an MAGL inhibitor, MJN110, on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in the mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsFemale C57BL/6 mice that underwent spinal cord transection at T8–10 level were divided into three groups consisting of (1) vehicle‐treated SCI mice, (2) 5 mg/kg, or (3) 10 mg/kg of MJN110‐treated SCI mice. MJN110 and vehicle were administered intraperitoneally for 7 days from 4 weeks after spinal cord transection. We then conducted awake cystometrograms and compared urodynamic parameters between three groups. The expression of cannabinoid (CB) receptors, TRP receptors, and inflammatory cytokines in L6‐S1 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) or the bladder mucosa were evaluated and compared among three groups. Changes in the level of serum 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) and bladder MAGL were also evaluated.ResultsIn the cystometrogram, detrusor overactivity (DO) parameters, such as the number of nonvoiding contraction (NVC), a ratio of time to the 1st NVC to intercontraction interval (ICI), and NVC integrals were improved by MJN110 treatment, and some effects were dose dependent. Although MJN110 did not improve voiding efficiency, it decreased bladder capacity, ICI, and residual urine volume compared to vehicle injection. MJN110 treatment groups had lower CB2, TRPV1, TRPA1, and inflammatory cytokines mRNA levels in DRG and bladder mucosa. Serum 2‐AG was increased, and bladder MAGL was decreased after MAGL inhibitor treatment.ConclusionsMAGL inhibition improved LUTD including attenuation of DO after SCI. Thus, MAGL can be a therapeutic target for neurogenic LUTD after SCI.
Registration, incidence patterns, and survival trends of central nervous system tumors among children in Germany 1980–2019: An analysis of 40 years based on data from the German Childhood Cancer Registry
Authors: Wellbrock Maike , Voigt Mathias , Ronckers Cecile , Grabow Desiree , Spix Claudia , Erdmann Friederike 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundTumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are the second most common type of pediatric cancer in Germany. We aimed to describe registration practice, incidence, and survival patterns for childhood CNS tumors in Germany for the past 40 years.ProcedureIncluding all CNS tumor cases in children diagnosed at ages 0–14 years registered at the German Childhood Cancer Registry (GCCR) in 1980–2019 (for survival analysis 1980–2016), we calculated age‐specific and age‐standardized incidence rates (ASIR) over time, average annual percentage changes (AAPC), and 1‐ and 5‐year overall survival.ResultsWhile we observed a pronounced increase in ASIR after the establishment of the GCCR during the 1980s, ASIR for all pediatric CNS tumors combined continued to increase markedly from 28.6 per million in 1990–1999 to 43.3 in 2010–2019 (AAPC = 2.7% in 1991–2010, AAPC = 0.3% in 2010–2019). The 5‐year overall survival from CNS tumors improved from 63% in the 1980s, 70% in the 1990s to 79% in 2010–2016. These improvements have occurred across all age groups. Children diagnosed with ependymomas and choroid plexus tumors experienced the strongest increase (from 54% to 81%).ConclusionsObserved increases in incidence rates for pediatric CNS tumors are likely only partially caused by actual increasing case numbers. The majority is a function of improved registration and, to a minor extent, improvements in diagnostics. Survival from pediatric CNS tumors has, by and large, improved consistently, leading to a growing population of childhood cancer survivors with diverse health biographies and risk of lifelong adverse impact on health and wellbeing.
A novel finite element for the vibration analysis of tapered laminated plates
Authors: Hosseinian Nima , Attarnejad Reza 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the present study, a new tapered finite element is developed by incorporating the in‐plane effect in our recently introduced element for the vibration analysis of internally tapered laminated plates. Stress and strain fields for a laminated plate with varying thickness along two orthogonal directions are expressed through extending classical laminated plate theory. Shape functions regarding bending and membrane behavior are extracted from the bending and axial basic displacement functions of the Euler‐Bernoulli beam, respectively. Several laminated plates with different taper configurations have been studied, and the results obtained from vibration analysis are compared with those of the literature. Since the element can capture the exact form of variation in thickness, the solution has shown to be competitively accurate with considerably fewer total degrees of freedom and elements in comparison with conventional finite elements.Highlight
A new finite element for thin, tapered, laminated plates is introduced.
Laminates' stiffness matrix is obtained for arbitrary thickness variation.
A novel method is adopted to derive in‐plane shape functions.
C1 continuity is guaranteed along the edges of elements.
Calculation cost is considerably reduced.
Construction of a rough surface in EPDM/CB composite through peroxide curing: A mechanism for optimizing physico‐mechanical properties in automotive paint‐compatible applications
Authors: Buhari Sudheer , Vinayak Manikkedath V. , Rhee KyongYop , Asif A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the profound impact of vulcanization methods on ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) composites, with a particular focus on elucidating significant findings and achievements. Exploring eight composites, including sulfur and peroxide‐cured variations, we conducted an in‐depth evaluation of the crucial physico‐mechanical properties of the composites. The study extends to encompass the effects of vulcanization on heat aging parameters, providing a comprehensive understanding of the materials' resilience. Utilizing thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, our research delves into the processes, revealing critical insights into the thermal behavior and composition of the composites. Paint compatibility, a pivotal aspect in automotive applications, was rigorously examined through four different test methods. Surface morphology, investigated through scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, yielded valuable findings on the role of vulcanization in shaping surface roughness and enhancing paint compatibility. Additionally, the quantitative measurement of surface energy using the sessile drop method provided a deeper understanding of the adhesion properties. The findings distinctly underscore the superiority of peroxide‐cured composites, marking a significant stride toward their potential to revolutionize automotive applications. This research not only contributes to the knowledge base but also sets a foundation for advancements in EPDM composite materials, positioning them as key players in driving innovation within the automotive industry.Highlights
Developed a peroxide‐cured EPDM rubber composite with a rough surface.
A rough surface is more paint‐compatible than a smooth surface.
The roughness of peroxide‐cured EPDM is greater than that of sulfur‐cured one.
Peroxide curing introduces more polar functional groups and cross‐links.
Peroxide‐cured EPDM has higher thermal stability than sulfur‐cured EPDM.