bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allotypic restriction of the expression of MOPC460 idiotope after immunization with either anti‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP) or anti‐idiotypic antibodies
Authors: Sanchez Pierre , Juy Dominique , Cazenave Pierre‐André 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe MOPC460 idiotype is expressed in mice with the IghCa allotypic haplotype after anti‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP) immunization. We have previously shown that two monoclonal syngeneic anti‐idiotypic antibodies (IDM 92‐13 and IDM 41‐27) define two distinct idiotopes (the 460.92 and the 460.41) on the M460 idiotype. The current study demonstrates that only one idiotope (460.92) is recurrently expressed after antigen immunization in IghCa positive mice and also that, immunization against the monoclonal anti‐idiotypic molecules induces the synthesis of 460.92 idiotope positive anti‐DNP antibodies. However, the detection of such molecules is only possible when animals with the IghCa allotypic haplotype are immunized with the IDM 92‐13 molecules. Immunization of mice with either of the two monoclonal anti‐idiotypic antibodies never results in the synthesis 460.41 positive molecules. Therefore, whatever protocol of immunization used, the expression of 460.92 was allotypic restricted.
Existence of disulfide‐bonded IgM‐IgA, IgM‐IgG and IgM‐IgG fragment complexes in one patient
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Shan , Gallango Maria L. , Tung Edward , Wang An‐Chuan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe existence of disulfide‐bonded immunoglobulin (Ig) complexes of IgM‐IgA, IgM‐IgG, and IgM‐IgG, in addition to a monoclonal IgM (x) paraprotein, free kappa chains and fragments of IgG (FIgG), were found in the plasma of a multiple gammopathy patient. This is the first report on the interclass disulfide‐bonded Ig complexes. Upon exposure to a dissociating buffer containing 6 M urea, 0.1 M Tris‐HCl, pH 8.0, a small portion of the IgM‐IgA complexes and most of the IgM‐IgG as well as the IgM‐FIgG complexes dissociated, but the majority of the IgM‐IgA and small amounts of other complexes remained intact. These intact complexes were not the result of antigen‐antibody reactions and were apparently held together by disulfide bonds which could be broken into monomeric Ig basic units (H‐L)2 and smaller components by mild reduction and alkylation.
Public and individual idiotopes in the anti‐poly(Glu60,Ala30,Tyr10) response: analysis by monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Sommé Gerard , Roth Claude , Mazie Jean‐Claude , Salem Patrick , Thèze Jacques 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom BALB/c mice immunized with anti‐GAT monoclonal antibody (mAb) G5, we have obtained anti‐idiotypic mAb against individual (or private) idiotopes, expressed by G5 as well as anti‐GAT mAb, that are heteroclitic because they recognize poly(Glu50,Tyr50) (GT) better than poly(Glu60,Ala30,Tyr10) (GAT). From BALB/c mice immunized with BALB/c polyclonal anti‐GAT antibodies, anti‐idiotypic mAb directed against public idiotopes expressed following GAT immunization in all individuals of all mouse strains tested have been obtained. Nine anti‐idiotypic mAb were studied in detail. One of these mAb recognizes only polyclonal anti‐GAT antibodies; the other eight recognize polyclonal anti‐GAT antibodies and anti‐GAT mAb. The distribution of the structures recognized by the different anti‐idiotypic mAb on a battery of 20 anti‐GAT mAb allows definition of two families of public idiotopes.
Failure of the human autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in the absence of foreign antigens
Authors: Kagan Jonathan , Choi Yong Sung 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) is thought to represent the in vitro proliferation of T cells in response to stimulation by autologous histocompatibility antigens present on non‐T cells. We have investigated the possibility that xenogeneic determinants act as the stimulating antigens in the human AMLR. Exposure of lymphocytes to fetal calf serum and/or sheep red blood cells during fractionation triggers substantial proliferation of T cells, plaque‐forming cell responses, and interleukin 2 production. In contrast, lymphocytes isolated and cultured in the absence of any known foreign substances failed to respond in the AMLR, yet responded significantly when cultured in the presence of fetal calf serum. These results suggest that without exposure to foreign antigens, the human AMLR is difficult to demonstrate in vitro.
The effect of antigen on the development of Peyer's patches in sheep
Authors: Reynolds John D. , Morris Bede 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe proposition that the development of Peyer's patches (PP) is influenced by anti‐genic stimulation has been examined in sheep. Terminal lengths of ileum containing about half of the ileocecal PP were isolated from the intestinal tracts of fetal lambs during the last month before birth. Antigen was injected into some of these segments and the subsequent development of the PP studied before and after birth.The injection of either killed B. abortus, ferritin or maternal colostrum into the lumens of the isolated ileal segments did not cause premature growth of the PP follicles, nor did it effect the content of lymphoblasts in them. In contrast, the injection of these antigens into the isolated segments caused the development of germinal centers and plasma cells in the regional mesenteric lymph nodes. Plasma cells also appeared in the lamina propria along the intestinal tract in response to these antigens. These results provided experimental evidence that lymphopoiesis in the follicles of the PP of fetal lambs is not dependent on antigen. The PP in ileal segments that were not injected with antigen and had no contact with antigen subsequently grew at the normal rate before and for the first 2 weeks after birth; after this the growth of the follicles became significantly slower than normal. The follicles in these isolated ileal segments had almost completely disappeared by 3–4 months of age, whereas the follicles in the normal functional ileum did not undergo involution until around 15 months of age. The premature involution in the PP in the isolated segments was prevented by reconnecting the segment to the functional intestinal tract before 3 months of age.
In vitro stimulated lymphocytes as a source of human hybridomas
Authors: Kozbor Danuta , Roder John C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStimulation of peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) cultures from tetanus toxoid (TT)‐immunized donor with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) yielded cells with much higher frequencies of hybrid formation (36 × 10−7) compared to unstimulated PBL or cells cultured with pokeweed mitogen or TT antigen. The proportion of hybridomas (approximately 1%) producing anti‐TT antibody was similar in EBV‐ and TT‐stimulated cultures. A marked increase in immunoglobulin secretion was observed after hybridization and preselection of EBV subcultures for high anti‐TT production prior to fusion resulted in a fivefold increase in TT‐specific hybridomas (p<0.001). Most (20/21) specific hybrids produced IgM anti‐TT, whereas one (1/21) produced IgG anti‐TT, possibly due to the immature stage of differentiation in EBV‐stimulated parental cells. The ability to choose an antigen, immunize a human subject and expand the rare antigen‐specific B cells from PBL, in vitro, with EBV, prior to fusion, should yield an increasing spectrum of human monoclonal antibodies for diagnostic, therapeutic or basic studies.
The Ia‐1 gene effects T‐B cell collaboration for the in vitro antibody response
Authors: Sandrin Mauro S. , Craig Jenni S. , McKenzie Ian F. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe I‐A subregion mutant B6.C‐H‐2bm12 (bm12) and the C57BL/6 parent were used to examine the role of the Ia‐1 gene product as a restriction element in the antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Using an in vitro culture system, it was shown that cooperation between histocompatible T cells, B cells and macrophages was required to generate a secondary IgM response to SRBC. The alteration in the Ia‐1 gene in bm12 altered the ability of bm12 T cells to collaborate with C57BL/6 B cells, but not with C57BL/6 macrophages. Similarly, C57BL/6 T cells could not collaborate with bm12 B cells. The mutation in bm12 did not affect the ability of T cells to interact with C57BL/6 macrophages, either in vitro or in vivo, or of bm12 macrophages to interact with C57BL/6 T cells. Thus in this system, the Ia‐1 gene product restricts T‐B cell interaction but not T cell‐macrophage interaction.
Effect of cloned interferon‐γ on expression of H‐2 and Ia antigens on cell lines of hemopoietic, lymphoid, epithelial, fibroblastic and neuronal origin
Authors: Wong Grace H. W. , Clark‐Lewis Ian , Harris Alan W. , Schrader John W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInterferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), tested in the form of the product of a cloned murine IFN‐γ gene, was found to increase the expression of H‐2 antigens on cultured cell lines of a wide variety of cell types including factor‐dependent hemopoietic cells, pre‐B and B cells, macrophages, T cells, mast cells and cell lines of epithelial, fibroblastic and neuronal origin. However, IFN‐γ induced Ia antigens on only B cells, macrophages and T‐dependent mast cells or persisting cells. On the basis of these results, we suggest that a major function of IFN‐γ is to potentiate immune responses by enhancing the expression of H‐2 and Ia antigens on a variety of cell types.
Physiology of IgD III. Effect of treatment with anti‐IgD from birth on the magnitude and isotype distribution of the immune response in the spleen
Authors: Xue Bin , Hirano Takao , Pernis Ben , Ovary Zoltan , Thorbecke G. Jeanette 
Published: February 2007

AbstractContinued treatment with monoclonal anti‐IgD (Ig‐5a) from birth in BALB/c mice causes a markedly increased responsiveness to i.v. injected dinitrophenylated ovalbumin (DNP‐OVA) with Bordetella pertussis at the age of 8 weeks. The 19 S plaqueforming cell (PFC)/spleen response is particularly enhanced, 6–8‐fold, but all the other isotypes also show increases of 2–6‐fold, including IgA and IgE. Both primary and secondary PFC responses and serum antibody titers are enhanced. After transfer of spleen cells from anti‐Ig‐treated mice to irradiated recipients the IgM/IgG ratio becomes similar to that of controls. In contrast, the response of anti‐IgD‐treated mice to i.p. immunization with either 0.2 or 100 μg DNP‐OVA plus alum is reduced by approximately 80% for each Ig isotype except IgM and remains low upon transfer of spleen cells to recipients. It is concluded that the paucity of B cells in peripheral lymph nodes of the anti‐IgD‐treated mice causes the low responsiveness to i.p. immunization, but that the IgD− B cells in the spleen are quite able to respond and are, in fact, more responsive than IgD+ B cells. This increased responsiveness, together with the higher IgM/IgG ratios for all Ig isotypes and an otherwise similar order of isotype distribution (γ1 > γ2b > γ2a = ϵ ≧ α) as in controls, suggests that a hyperresponsive, but less mature IgD− B cell population is selectively produced in the spleens of mice treated with anti‐IgD from birth.
Rat IgE directed against schistosomula‐released products is cytotoxic for Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula in vitro
Authors: Auriault Claude , Damonneville Martine , Verwaerde Claudie , Pierce Raymond , Joseph Michel , Capron Monique , Capron André 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe immunogenicity of molecules shed by schistosomula into culture medium (antigens present in schistosomula‐released products, SRP‐A) has been studied. The results obtained show that SRP‐A preferentially induce an IgE response when injected into rats, without the need for adjuvants. Moreover, anti‐SRP‐A IgE is cytotoxic in vitro for the larvae in the presence of macrophages, eosinophils or platelets, which have previously been demonstrated as being the three efficient killer cells for schistosomula in the presence of specific IgE. Immunofluorescence analysis locates the target antigens at the schistosomulum surface. Among the antigens recognized by anti‐SRP‐A IgE, two molecules of 26 and 22 kDa have been identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by western blotting.
Restriction fine specificity of long‐term, hapten‐specific cytotoxic T cell clones: analysis with H‐2Kbm‐mutant mice and H‐2Kb‐specific monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Pircher Hanspeter , Hämmerling Günter , Hengartner Hans 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cell‐mediated cytotoxic response against autologous cells modified with the sulfhydryl reagent I‐AED [N‐iodo‐acetyl‐N‐(5‐sulfonic‐1‐naphthyl) ethylene diamine] has been described by Levy, R. B., Shearer, G. M., Richardson, J. C. and Henkart, P. A., [J. Immunol. 1981. 127: 523.]. We have established two H‐2Db‐ and eight H‐2Kb‐restricted, AED ‐specific long‐term cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones of C57BL/10 origin. The growth of these clones has been dependent upon presence of both antigen and interleukin 2.Cytotoxicity and proliferation analysis of AED‐specific Kb‐restricted CTL clones with target and stimulator cells from Kbm‐mutant mice demonstrated two categories of clones (A and B) based on different reactivity patterns against hapten‐modified Kbm‐mutant cells. AED‐modified target cells of bm5, bm6 and bm9 origin were lysed by type A clones but not by type B clones, in contrast to AED‐modified bm3, bm8 and bm11 target cells which were lysed by type B but not by type A clones. None of the clones lysed AED‐modified bm1 target cells, but all of them lysed AED‐modified bm4 and bm10 target cells. The restriction fine specificities for both cytolytic and proliferative activities of the analyzed clones were identical.A panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against the Kb molecule was used to inhibit lysis of AED‐modified target cells by CTL clones. mAb which recognize a cluster of allodeterminants located in the second external domain (C1 domain) of the Kb molecule [Hämmerling, G. J., Rüsch, E., Tada, N., Kimura, S. and Hämmerling, U., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1982. 79: 4737] only inhibited type B clones, whereas inhibition of both type of clones was observed with mAb specific for allodeterminants clustered in the N‐terminal region of Kb.These findings suggest that different regions on the Kb molecule serve as self determinants for H‐2‐restricted cytotoxicity. We also demonstrate that allodeterminants recognized by mAb and self determinants involved in H‐2 restriction need not be identical. Our data also support the notion that covalent AED modification of H‐2 molecules is not necessary to generate the self plus X antigen for CTL recognition.
Inhibition of T cell proliferation by antibodies to synthetic peptides
Authors: Lamb Jonathan R. , Zanders Edward D. , Lake Phil , Webster Robert G. , Eckels David D. , Woody James N. , Green Nicola , Lerner Richard A. , Feldmann Marc 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhile T cell proliferation to antigen in the presence of antigen‐presenting cells is well known to be readily inhibited by antibodies directed against Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (Ia/HLA‐DR) products, it has not been possible to inhibit proliferation by antibodies directed against the antigen. Because of the implications of these observations for targets of T cell recognition, this phenomenon was reinvestigated using human T cell clones, recognizing a small (24 amino acid) synthetic peptide (termed p20) derived from the influenza hemagglutinin‐1 molecule. It was found that proliferation of clones to p20 was inhibited efficiently (> 90%), using p20 as antigen, and rabbit anti‐p20. Inhibition was possible either by coculturing p20 antigen and antibody to p20 with cloned T cells and antigen‐presenting (E−) cells, or by pulsing antigen‐presenting cells with antigen prior to a brief incubation with antibody before washing the E− cells and using them to stimulate cloned T cells. These results do not indicate why previous attempts had failed, but in view of the different techniques available now (cloned T cells, small synthetic polypeptides, and antibody raised against polypeptide) we investigated the influence of these parameters. It was found that, using cloned T cells, the form of the antigen was of importance, as antibody inhibition of the response to hemagglutinin or whole influenza A was much less apparent. These differences were interpreted as being due to greater access of anti‐p20 to p20 than to hemagglutinin or influenza. If uncloned T cell lines were used, inhibition was also much harder to detect. This was interpreted as masking of inhibition of the response of some clones in the line by interleukin 2‐induced recruitment.
Determinant‐specific regulation of T helper cell responses to murine lambda light chains by both H‐2 and non‐H‐2 genes
Authors: Bogen Bjarne , Hannestad Kristian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious work has revealed that the T helper cell (Th) responses to an antigenic determinant of Vλ2315 (called λ2.1) is regulated by both H‐2 and non‐H‐2 genes. In the present study this was confirmed and extended to two other determinants, one shared between free λ2315 and λ1J558 (called λ2.2) and one unique for free λ1J558 (called λ1.1). H‐2 genes regulate the responses to the latter determinants, because BALB.B (H‐2b) mice were low responders and BALB/c (H‐2d) mice were high responders. Thus, the H‐2d haplotype on BALB/c background was associated with high responder status. However, when the H‐2d haplotype was examined on other genetic backgrounds than BALB/c, the animals could be classified as either intermediate or low responders, depending upon the non‐H‐2 background. This demonstrated that non‐H‐2 genes also influenced Th responses. Furthermore, C3H‐H‐20, DBA/2 and B10.D2 mice (all H‐2d) responded to only one (λ2.1) but not the other (λ2.2) of two determinants physically linked on the same polypeptide chain (λ2315). This indicated that the non‐H‐2 gene effect is capable of fine discimination, i.e. the non‐H‐2 gene‐mediated low responder phenotype may at least in part be due to failure of recognition of certain antigenic sites, like the H‐2‐linked Ir‐gene defect. F1 hybrids responded to the same determinants as their parental strains; e.g., the BALB/c non‐H‐2 background exerted a dominant influence over the low responder background of C3H, B10 and DBA/2 strains.
The augmentation of tumor‐specific immunity by virus help. I. Demonstration of vaccinia virus‐reactive helper T cell activity involved in enhanced induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte and antibody responses
Authors: Fujiwara Hiromi , Shimizu Yoshio , Takai Yasuyuki , Wakamiya Nobutaka , Ueda Shigeharu , Kato Shiro , Hamaoka Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractC3H/He mice were immunized to vaccinia virus by inoculating i.p. viable virus. Their spleen cells (SC) were tested for vaccinia virus‐reactive helper T cell activity capable of augmenting (a) anti‐trinitrophenyl (TNP) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response generated from unprimed C3H/He SC (responding cells) or (b) anti‐TNP antibody response generated from TNP‐primed C3H/He SC (responding cells) by the stimulation with syngeneic SC infected with vaccinia virus and subsequently modified with TNP (virus‐self‐TNP). The results demonstrate that cultures of responding cells plus 850 rds X‐irradiated vaccinia virus‐primed SC failed to enhance anti‐TNP CTL or plaque‐forming cell (PFC) responses when in vitro stimulation was provided by either virus‐self or TNP‐self alone. In contrast, these cultures resulted in appreciable augmentation of CTL and PFC responses when stimulated by virus‐self‐TNP. Such a helper activity provided by vaccinia virus‐primed SC was revealed to be T cell mediated and antigen specific. These results are discussed in the context of (a) nature of virus helper antigens, (b) mechanism of help and (c) potential of virus help in augmenting CTL and antibody responses to tumor antigens.
Induction of memory and effector suppressor T cells by perinatal exposure to antigen
Authors: Groth Barbara Fazekas de St. , Basten Antony , Loblay Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe development of tolerance and suppression after perinatal exposure to antigen was studied to clarify the role of suppressor cells in self tolerance. Deaggregated human gamma globulin (dHGG) was administered transplacentally to fetal mice by injecting their mothers at various stages of pregnancy. Other mice were exposed to dHGG present in the colostrum of foster mothers previously injected with dHGG. Nonspecific suppression was seen on adoptive transfer of spleen cells from all donors less than six weeks of age. After that time, HGG‐specific primary suppression by Ly1−2,3+Ia+ T cells was detected in all animals exposed to dHGG either pre‐ or postnatally and persisted for up to three months. In addition, recall of specific memory suppression by antigen challenge was demonstrable for up to six months. Tolerance, on the other hand, was generated only by higher doses of dHGG in utero and was relatively short‐lived when compared to suppression. The short duration of tolerance could not be attributed to the generation of T helper cells, since no significant HGG‐specific helper activity was detected after perinatal exposure to HGG; rather it was thought to be due to the failure of small doses of dHGG to generate sufficient effector T suppressor (Ts) cells to inactivate the continually increasing number of HGG‐specific B cells being generated during ontogeny. Since perinatal tolerance to HGG is known to be prolonged by repeated exposure to antigen, this model implies that the maintenance of natural self tolerance is Ts cell dependent and requires the continued presence of antigen.
A human T cell tumor which expresses the putative T cell antigen receptor
Authors: Boylston Arthur W. , Goldin Robert D. , Moore Claire S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA monoclonal antibody (mAb) called H1‐2D4 which reacts only with the T cell line HPB‐ALL and not with other T cell lines, normal or activated peripheral blood cells, B lymphoblasts (B‐LCL), or thymocytes has been developed. This mAb cocaps the T3 antigen on HPB‐ALL and anti‐T3 mAb cocaps the antigen which reacts with H1‐2D4. Purified H1‐2D4 precipitates a heterodimer from HPB‐ALL cells which has components with molecular weights of 51000 and 39000. The properties of the molecule recognized by H1‐2D4 suggest that it is the HPB‐ALL equivalent of the putative human T cell antigen receptor.
Direct mitogenic effect of ionophore A23187 on isolated human T helper lymphocytes
Authors: Åkerman Karl E. O. , Andersson Leif C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Ca2+ ionophore A23187 induces only a weak mitogenic response in cultures of unfractionated mononuclear leukocytes from human blood. When a comitogen, 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate, which by itself is nonmitogenic, is added, a greatly increased cell proliferation is obtained. Highly purified T lymphocytes respond by proliferation to A23187 alone. Studies on functional subsets of T cells, fractionated by using the monoclonal antibodies OKT4/OKT8, revealed that A21387 is a strong mitogen for pure T helper cells (T4+). This suggests that increased cytosolic Ca2+ directly triggers a proliferative response in T helper cells with no apparent need for accessory cells.
A mouse monoclonal antibody against rabbit VH allotype shares the predominant idiotype with a rabbit antibody of the same specificity
Authors: Metzger Dennis W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA monoclonal antibody, termed 3‐2F1, is specific for the rabbit VH a1 allotypic marker. This antibody appears to recognize a common a1 determinant since it reacts with all of the a1 immunoglobulin (Ig) that is bound by polyclonal rabbit anti‐a1, and completely inhibits the binding of polyclonal anti‐a1 to a1 Ig. When tested for the predominant IdX‐a1 idiotype previously shown to be expressed on virtually all rabbit anti‐a1 antibody, it was found that 3‐2F1 also bears this idiotype. In fact, sequential absorption and inhibition assays indicate that 3‐2F1 displays the entire set of rabbit IdX‐a1 determinants. The results are consistent with the concept that the anti‐IdX reagent bears a latent internal image of the common VH a1 epitope.