bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IPOS Sutherland Memorial Lecture: psycho‐oncology and health care research
Authors: Koch Uwe 
Published: May 2008

AbstractRemarkable changes of health‐care systems, increasing costs of health care and of social inequality in modern societies, an aging population and the increase of chronic illnesses such as cancer implicate various future challenges for the provision of health care. Health‐care research aims to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of patient‐oriented services involving the evaluation of innovative treatment approaches and settings. It deals with the patients' path through different areas of health‐care systems in order to identify significant factors for the provision of quality assurance of structures and resources concerning treatments, processes and health outcomes. Health‐care research focusses on three main topics that play an important role for quality management: (1) the admission to health‐care services and assessment strategies including indication, utilization and specificity of settings and target groups; (2) the treatment process including the implementation, standardization and flexibility of services and dose‐effect relationship of interventions; (3) health‐care outcome including effectiveness and efficiency of interventions and services, the cost‐benefit relationship and the transfer from research to health‐care practice. Given the objectives of health‐care research, the topics of health‐care research in psychosocial care for cancer patients include the study of structural conditions of psycho‐oncological services, the epidemiology of distress and mental disorders and the subjective need of psycho‐oncological support in cancer patients, the improvement of psycho‐oncological measures and assessment strategies in daily treatment, the study of psycho‐oncological interventions under routine conditions, and quality assurance. Requirements of future health‐care research and developments of psycho‐oncology including aspects of orientation, strategies, health‐care equity, and resources are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanostructured ceria: a comparative study from X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and BET specific surface measurements
Authors: Saitzek S. , Blach J.‐F. , Villain S. , Gavarri J.‐R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe present a comparative study of nanostructured materials, based on three experimental analyses allowing determination of crystallite sizes or specific surfaces: each of these analyses, X‐ray diffraction profile analyses (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) gas adsorption technique, should deliver nanoparticle size determination from a specific modelling approach. These three experimental techniques were used to correlate specific surfaces to grain sizes, in the case of nanostructured powders of cerium dioxide, CeO2. Ceria powders were first elaborated by a sol–gel method and then subjected to various heat treatments: the resulting sizes calculated from these XRD, Raman and BET techniques were compared and discussed. Nanocrystal sizes were finally correlated to crystal lattice parameters and Raman frequency. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Novel nanocomposites based on poly(p‐dioxanone) and organically modified clays
Authors: Zubitur M. , Fernández A. , Mugica A. , Cortázar M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNovel composites based on poly(p‐dioxanone) (PPDO) and organically modified cationic and anionic clays have been prepared using the technique of melt‐extrusion. The intercalation of the organic modifier in the clays and the dispersion degree of the organically modified clays in the PPDO composites have been analyzed by wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). An inmiscible system was obtained for PPDO/cationic clays, whereas in the case of PPDO/anionic clays exfoliated nanocomposites were succesfully obtained. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adhesion hysteresis in dynamic atomic force microscopy
Authors: Köber Mariana , Sahagún Enrique , Fuss Martina , Briones Fernando , Luna Mónica , Sáenz Juan José 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe effects of adhesion hysteresis in the dynamic‐dissipation curves measured in amplitude‐modulation atomic force microscopy are discussed. Hysteresis in the interaction forces is shown to modify the dynamics of the cantilever leading to different power dissipation curves in the repulsive and attractive regimes. Experimental results together with numerical simulations show that power dissipation, as measured in force microscopy, is not always proportional to the energy dissipated in the tip–sample interaction process. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A motor oil soil for detergency testing
Authors: Matheson K. L. , Smith G. D. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBright Stock/Pale Oil (BS/PO) soil represents a typical motor oil soil, but it is more constant in composition than clean or dirty commercial motor oil. It does not require the addition of any dye, as is the case with mineral oil or cooking oil, and when applied to cloth, it produces very uniform soilings. The statistical reproducibility of detergency tests run with BS/PO is better than mineral oil and about as good as sebum.
Properties of aqueous solution of a fluorocarbon surfactant and a nonionic surfactant, and their mixtures
Authors: Suzuki T. , Ueno M. , Meguro K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe surface tensions of aqueous solutions of lithium perfluorooctane sulfonate (LiFOS) and hexaethyleneglycoln‐dodecylether (6ED), and of their mixtures, were measured. The effect of each surfactant additives on the adsorption and the micelle formation was discussed on the basis of the surface tension values using the Langmuir adsorption equation for the mixture of both surfactants and the modified Szyszkowski equation. From these results, in the range of low concentrations of 6ED or LiFOS, some of the 6ED molecules which had already adsorbed on the solution surface were found to be replaced by LiFOS molecules in an addition of LiFOS surfactant and vice‐versa. In the ranges of higher concentration above critical micelle concentration (CMC) of each surfactant, it was concluded that the mixed micelle could be formed in the mixed system of both surfactants as well as in the mixed system of two kinds of ordinary hydrocarbon surfactants.
Ricinoleic acid inPhyllanthus niruri seed oil
Authors: Ahmad M. U. , Husain S. K. , Osman S. M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSeed oil ofPhyllanthus niruri (Euphorbiaceae) contains 1.2% ricinoleic (12‐hydroxy‐cis‐9‐octadecenoic) acid, previously unknown in the genusPhyllanthus. Identification is based on thin layer and gas liquid chromatography, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry analysis as well as chemical methods. Other major components of the oil are linoleic acid (21%) and linolenic acid (51.4%).
Selective hydrogenation of soybean oil: XI. Trialkyl silane‐activated copper catalysts
Authors: Koritala S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAddition of triethyl silane to copper stearate resulted in an active heterogenous catalyst for the hydrogenation of soybean oil. The linolenate selectivity of this catalyst (KLe/KLo=2.4 to 3.9) was much lower than that obtained with copper chromite (8.4). Unlike copper‐chromite catalyst, triethyl silane‐activated copper formed stearate during hydrogenation. Both silica and alumina increased catalyst activity. Linolenate selectivity improved slightly in the presence of alumina.
Tumor cells can escape DNA‐damaging cisplatin through DNA endoreduplication and reversible polyploidy
Authors: Puig Pierre‐Emmanuel , Guilly Marie‐Noëlle , Bouchot André , Droin Nathalie , Cathelin Dominique , Bouyer Florence , Favier Laure , Ghiringhelli François , Kroemer Guido , Solary Eric , Martin François , Chauffert Bruno 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCancer chemotherapy can induce tumor regression followed, in many cases, by relapse in the long‐term. Thus this study was performed to assess the determinants of such phenomenon using an in vivo cancer model and in vitro approaches. When animals bearing an established tumor are treated by cisplatin, the tumor initially undergoes a dramatic shrinkage and is characterized by giant tumor cells that do not proliferate but maintain DNA synthesis. After several weeks of latency, the tumor resumes its progression and consists of small proliferating cells. Similarly, when tumor cells are exposed in vitro to pharmacological concentrations of cisplatin, mitotic activity stops initially but cells maintain DNA duplication. This DNA endoreduplication generates giant polyploid cells that then initiate abortive mitoses and can die through mitotic catastrophe. However, many polyploid cells survive for weeks as non‐proliferating mono‐ or multi‐nucleated giant cells which acquire a senescence phenotype. Prolonged observation of these cells sheds light on the delayed emergence of a limited number of extensive colonies which originate from polyploid cells, as demonstrated by cell sorting analysis. Theses colonies are made of small diploid cells which differ from parental cells by stereotyped chromosomal aberrations and an increased resistance to cytotoxic drugs. These data suggest that a multistep pathway, including DNA endoreduplication, polyploidy, then depolyploidization and generation of clonogenic escape cells can account for tumor relapse after initial efficient chemotherapy.
Miracles: metaphysics, physics, and physicalism
Authors: MCDERMID KIRK 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDebates about the metaphysical compatibility between miracles and natural laws often appear to prejudge the issue by either adopting or rejecting a strong physicalist thesis (the idea that the physical is all that exists). The operative component of physicalism is a causal closure principle: that every caused event is a physically caused event. If physicalism and this strong causal closure principle are accepted, then supernatural interventions are ruled outtout court, while rejecting physicalism gives miracles metaphysical carte blanche. This paper argues for a more moderate version of physicalism that respects important physicalist intuitions about causal closure while allowing for miracles' logical possibility. A recent proposal for a specific mechanism for the production of miracles (Larmer (1996d)) is criticized and rejected. In its place, two separate mechanisms (suitable for deterministic and indeterministic worlds, respectively) are proposed that do conform to a more moderate physicalism, and their potential and limitations are explored.
Enzymatic Production of Epigallocatechin by Using an Epigallocatechin Gallate Hydrolase Induced from Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Zhong Kun , Shao Zhiyu , Hong Feng 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCatechins are a group of polyphenolic compounds that are antioxidants having beneficial biological activities. There are four main catechins in green tea, and each has its own biological features. In order to fully exploit prominent biological activities of specific catechins and to develop new medicine from catechins, it is necessary to obtain pure catechin preparations by isolation from natural sources, by chemical synthesis, or by biotransformation reactions with high yield and specificity. In this study epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) can be hydrolyzed to epigallocatechin (EGC) by a hydrolase from Aspergillus oryzae after induction by addition of EGCG to the cultures. However, cultures without EGCG induction did not show any EGCG hydrolysis activity. The yield of EGC could reach at least 70%. Thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography were applied to separate and quantify EGCG and EGC.
Molecular Dynamic Investigation of the Interaction of Supported Affinity Ligands with Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Zamolo Laura , Busini Valentina , Moiani Davide , Moscatelli Davide , Cavallotti Carlo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDiagnostics and therapeutic treatments based on monoclonal antibodies have been attaining an increasing importance in the past decades, but their large scale employment requires the optimization of purification processes. To obtain this goal, research is focusing on affinity chromatography techniques and the development of new synthetic ligands. In this work we present a computational investigation aimed at obtaining some guidelines for the rational design of affinity ligands, through the study of their interactions with both monoclonal antibodies (modeled as the FC domain of human IgG) and a model support material (agarose). The study was carried out performing molecular dynamics simulations of the support‐spacer‐ligand‐IgG complex in explicit water. Binding energies between IgG and two supported ligands, a disubstituted derivative of trichlorotriazine and a tetrameric peptide, were determined with the linear interaction energy and MM‐GBSA approaches. A detailed study of the possible binding sites of the considered ligands was performed exploiting docking protocols and MD simulations. It was found that both ligands bind IgG in the same site as protein A, which is the hinge region between the CH2 and CH3 domains of IgG. However this site is not easily accessible and requires a high mobility of the ligands. The energetic analysis revealed that van der Waals and electrostatic energies of interaction of the triazine ligand with the support are significant and comparable to those with the protein, so that they limit its capability to reach the protein binding site. A similar result was found also for the tetrameric peptide, which is however able to circumvent the problem; for steric reasons only two of its arms can interact at the same time with the agarose support, thus leaving the remaining two available to bind the protein. These results indicate that the interaction between ligand and support material is an important parameter, which should be considered in the computational and experimental design of ligands for affinity chromatography.
Fish oil fatty acids improve postprandial vascular reactivity in healthy men
Authors: Armah Christopher K. , Jackson Kim G. , Doman Izzy , James Lewis , Cheghani Farah , Minihane Anne M. 
Published: May 2008

Chronic fish oil intervention had been shown to have a positive impact on endothelial function. Although high-fat meals have often been associated with a loss of postprandial vascular reactivity, studies examining the effects of fish oil fatty acids on vascular function in the postprandial phase are limited. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of the addition of fish oil fatty acids to a standard test meal on postprandial vascular reactivity. A total of 25 men received in a random order either a placebo oil meal (40 g of mixed fat; fatty acid profile representative of the U.K. diet) or a fish oil meal (31 g of mixed fat and 9 g of fish oil) on two occasions. Vascular reactivity was measured at baseline (0 h) and 4 h after the meal by laser Doppler iontophoresis, and blood samples were taken for the measurement of plasma lipids, total nitrite, glucose and insulin. eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) and NADPH oxidase gene expression were determined in endothelial cells after incubation with TRLs (triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins) isolated from the plasma samples taken at 4 h. Compared with baseline, sodium nitroprusside (an endothelium-independent vasodilator)-induced reactivity (P=0.024) and plasma nitrite levels (P=0.001) were increased after the fish oil meal. In endothelial cells, postprandial TRLs isolated after the fish oil meal increased eNOS and decreased NADPH oxidase gene expression compared with TRLs isolated following the placebo oil meal (P≤0.03). In conclusion, meal fatty acids appear to be an important determinant of vascular reactivity, with fish oils significantly improving postprandial endothelium-independent vasodilation.
Mireval: a web tool for simple microRNA prediction in genome sequences
Authors: Ritchie William , Théodule François-Xavier , Gautheret Daniel 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Summary: We have developed an online tool called mirEval which can search sequences of up to 10 000 nt for novel microRNAs in multiple organisms. It is a comprehensive tool, easy to use and very informative. It will allow users with no prior knowledge of in-silico detection of microRNAs to take advantage of the most successful approaches to investigate sequences of interest.
Availability: The mirEval web server is available at http://tagc.univ-mrs.fr/mireval
Contact: W.Ritchie@centenary.org.au
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Characterization and prediction of residues determining protein functional specificity
Authors: Capra John A. , Singh Mona 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Motivation: Within a homologous protein family, proteins may be grouped into subtypes that share specific functions that are not common to the entire family. Often, the amino acids present in a small number of sequence positions determine each protein's particular function-al specificity. Knowledge of these specificity determining positions (SDPs) aids in protein function prediction, drug design and experimental analysis. A number of sequence-based computational methods have been introduced for identifying SDPs; however, their further development and evaluation have been hindered by the limited number of known experimentally determined SDPs.
Results: We combine several bioinformatics resources to automate a process, typically undertaken manually, to build a dataset of SDPs. The resulting large dataset, which consists of SDPs in enzymes, enables us to characterize SDPs in terms of their physicochemical and evolution-ary properties. It also facilitates the large-scale evaluation of sequence-based SDP prediction methods. We present a simple sequence-based SDP prediction method, GroupSim, and show that, surprisingly, it is competitive with a representative set of current methods. We also describe ConsWin, a heuristic that considers sequence conservation of neighboring amino acids, and demonstrate that it improves the performance of all methods tested on our large dataset of enzyme SDPs.
Availability: Datasets and GroupSim code are available online at http://compbio.cs.princeton.edu/specificity/
Contact: msingh@cs.princeton.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Reliability of trawl surveys on cod in Norwegian fjords
Authors: Lunde T. M. , Godø O. R. , Rosland R. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Lunde, T. M., Godø, O. R., and Rosland, R. 2008. Reliability of trawl surveys on cod in Norwegian fjords. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 937–945. According to ICES, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, populations of coastal cod (CC) in Norway north of 62°N have been declining since 1994. The estimates are based on analytical assessment in which the most recent estimates are tuned with survey information. We evaluate the quality of bottom-trawl surveys conducted in four North Norwegian fjords during autumn of the years 1995–2004. Surveys tended to be carried out later in autumn in the more recent years than in the earlier years. Consequently, there was a significant decrease in sun's altitude from 1995 to 2004 at the time the surveys were carried out. Further inconsistency among years dominated when comparing catch per unit effort (cpue) by year class and age over time. Often, the observed cpue at age a + 1 in year y + 1 was greater than in year y at age a. Spearman’s rank correlation of cpue vs. year also demonstrated inconsistencies in the data. The problems related to separating CC and northeast Arctic cod are discussed.
Integrated access to cultural heritage resources through representation and alignment of controlled vocabularies
Authors: Isaac Antoine , Schlobach Stefan , Matthezing Henk , Zinn Claus 
Published: May 2008

PurposeTo show how semantic web techniques can help address semantic interoperability issues in the broad cultural heritage domain, allowing users an integrated and seamless access to heterogeneous collections.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents the heterogeneity problems to be solved. It introduces semantic web techniques that can help in solving them, focusing on the representation of controlled vocabularies and their semantic alignment. It gives pointers to some previous projects and experiments that have tried to address the problems discussed.FindingsSemantic web research provides practical technical and methodological approaches to tackle the different issues. Two contributions of interest are the simple knowledge organisation system model and automatic vocabulary alignment methods and tools. These contributions were demonstrated to be usable for enabling semantic search and navigation across collections.Research limitations/implicationsThe research aims at designing different representation and alignment methods for solving interoperability problems in the context of controlled subject vocabularies. Given the variety and technical richness of current research in the semantic web field, it is impossible to provide an in‐depth account or an exhaustive list of references. Every aspect of the paper is, however, given one or several pointers for further reading.Originality/valueThis article provides a general and practical introduction to relevant semantic web techniques. It is of specific value for the practitioners in the cultural heritage and digital library domains who are interested in applying these methods in practice.
A bibliometric study of Embelia ribes
Authors: Singh Gian , Ahmad Moin , Nazim Mohammad 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe study aims to present a bibliometric analysis of scientific output of the plant Embelia ribes, the aim being to offer an overview of research activity in this field and characterize its most important aspects.Design/methodology/approachA total of 332 articles were collected from following databases: Pub Med, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Abstract, Indian Science Abstract and Biological Abstract. The searches were restricted to published articles and contain the terms Embelia ribes and Vidanga. The various analyses focus on growth of literature, authorship pattern, most prolific authors, core journals of the subject, most productive institutes and countries. Lotka's law and bradford' law of scattering were applied to count the author productivity and core journals in the subject.FindingsMost articles involved collaboration between two or three authors Author productivity was not found exactly fit to Lotka's law with a value of n  =  2. However, distribution of articles in different journals was found fit to Bradford's law of scattering with the distribution of 1:n: n2.Originality/valueThe paper offers an overview of research activity into the plant Embelia ribes.
US venture capital in robotics
Authors: Pransky Joanne 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThis paper seeks to report on the US venture capital (VC) industry's data findings on robotics.Design/methodology/approachAn analysis of unique reports by the National Venture Capital Association and three interviews with US VC firms are presented.FindingsSince robotics spreads across many different types of automation and industries, companies looking for venture capitalists may fare better by grouping within the industry category that they serve rather than by classifying themselves under the sole “robotic” industrial product classification.Originality/valueThis paper researches the terminology in‐depth and data surrounding US published reports on robotics and VC. A unique report by the National Venture Capital Association was compiled for the purpose of this paper. The original responses of three interviews with representatives from US VC firms are also published here.