bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of foot orthoses on lower extremity kinetics during running: a systematic literature review
Authors: McMillan Andrew , Payne Craig 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundThroughout the period of one year, approximately 50% of recreational runners will sustain an injury that disrupts their training regimen. Foot orthoses have been shown to be clinically effective in the prevention and treatment of several running‐related conditions, yet the physical effect of this intervention during running remains poorly understood. The aim of this literature review was therefore to evaluate the effect of foot orthoses on lower extremity forces and pressure (kinetics) during running.MethodsA systematic search of electronic databases including Medline (1966‐present), CINAHL, SportDiscus, and The Cochrane Library occurred on 7 May 2008. Eligible articles were selected according to pre‐determined criteria. Methodological quality was evaluated by use of the Quality Index as described by Downs & Black, followed by critical analysis according to outcome variables.ResultsThe most widely reported kinetic outcomes were loading rate and impact force, however the effect of foot orthoses on these variables remains unclear. In contrast, current evidence suggests that a reduction in the rearfoot inversion moment is the most consistent kinetic effect of foot orthoses during running.ConclusionThe findings of this review demonstrate systematic effects that may inform the direction of future research, as further evidence is required to define the mechanism of action of foot orthoses during running. Continuation of research in this field will enable targeting of design parameters towards biomechanical variables that are supported by evidence, and may lead to advancements in clinical efficacy.
Aplastic anemia induced disc edema and visual loss in pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Gupta Shailesh K , Brar Vikram S , Keshavamurthy Ravi , Chalam Kakarla V 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Introduction
A case of aplastic anemia diagnosed during pregnancy, which developed bilateral disc edema and acute pre-retinal hemorrhage leading to vision loss.

Case Presentation
A 20 year old primagravid female developed acute vision loss in her right eye, during hospitalization for treatment of aplastic anemia diagnosed during her pregnancy. Her best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was hand motions and fundus evaluation revealed a large pre-macular hemorrhage in the right eye (OD) and bilateral disc edema. Neuro-imaging studies did not reveal any signs of intracranial mass lesion or edema.

Conclusion
There was resolution of the disc edema with improvement in the pre-macular hemorrhage resulting in 20/50 vision in the right eye, following supportive transfusions. Ophthalmic manifestations developing in a pregnant patient with aplastic anemia can be successfully managed with supportive care including red blood cell and platelet transfusions.
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein deficiency promotes early onset and the chronic development of collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: Geng Hui , Carlsen Stefan , Nandakumar Kutty Selva , Holmdahl Rikard , Aspberg Anders , Oldberg Åke , Mattsson Ragnar 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Introduction
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is a homopentameric protein in cartilage. The development of arthritis, like collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), involves cartilage as a target tissue. We have investigated the development of CIA in COMP-deficient mice.

Methods
COMP-deficient mice in the 129/Sv background were backcrossed for 10 generations against B10.Q mice, which are susceptible to chronic CIA. COMP-deficient and wild-type mice were tested for onset, incidence, and severity of arthritis in both the collagen and collagen antibody-induced arthritis models. Serum anti-collagen II and anti-COMP antibodies as well as serum COMP levels in arthritic and wild-type mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
COMP-deficient mice showed a significant early onset and increase in the severity of CIA in the chronic phase, whereas collagen II-antibody titers were similar in COMP-deficient and wild-type controls. COMP antibodies were not found in wild-type mice. Finally, COMP-deficient and wild-type mice responded similarly to collagen antibody-induced arthritis, indicating no difference in how collagen II antibodies interact with COMP-deficient cartilage during the initial stages of arthritis.

Conclusions
COMP deficiency enhances the early onset and development of chronic arthritis but does not affect collagen II autoimmunity. These findings accentuate the importance of COMP in cartilage stability.
A comprehensive analysis of prognostic signatures reveals the high predictive capacity of the Proliferation, Immune response and RNA splicing modules in breast cancer
Authors: Reyal Fabien , van Vliet Martin H , Armstrong Nicola J , Horlings Hugo M , de Visser Karin E , Kok Marlen , Teschendorff Andrew E , Mook Stella , van 't Veer Laura , Caldas Carlos , Salmon Remy J , Vijver Marc J van de , Wessels Lodewyk FA 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Introduction
Several gene expression signatures have been proposed and demonstrated to be predictive of outcome in breast cancer. In the present article we address the following issues: Do these signatures perform similarly? Are there (common) molecular processes reported by these signatures? Can better prognostic predictors be constructed based on these identified molecular processes?

Methods
We performed a comprehensive analysis of the performance of nine gene expression signatures on seven different breast cancer datasets. To better characterize the functional processes associated with these signatures, we enlarged each signature by including all probes with a significant correlation to at least one of the genes in the original signature. The enrichment of functional groups was assessed using four ontology databases.

Results
The classification performance of the nine gene expression signatures is very similar in terms of assigning a sample to either a poor outcome group or a good outcome group. Nevertheless the concordance in classification at the sample level is low, with only 50% of the breast cancer samples classified in the same outcome group by all classifiers. The predictive accuracy decreases with the number of poor outcome assignments given to a sample. The best classification performance was obtained for the group of patients with only good outcome assignments. Enrichment analysis of the enlarged signatures revealed 11 functional modules with prognostic ability. The combination of the RNA-splicing and immune modules resulted in a classifier with high prognostic performance on an independent validation set.

Conclusions
The study revealed that the nine signatures perform similarly but exhibit a large degree of discordance in prognostic group assignment. Functional analyses indicate that proliferation is a common cellular process, but that other functional categories are also enriched and show independent prognostic ability. We provide new evidence of the potentially promising prognostic impact of immunity and RNA-splicing processes in breast cancer.
IL-17 expression by breast-cancer-associated macrophages: IL-17 promotes invasiveness of breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Zhu XingWu , Mulcahy Lori A , Mohammed Rabab AA , Lee Andrew HS , Franks Hester A , Kilpatrick Laura , Yilmazer Acelya , Paish E Claire , Ellis Ian O , Patel Poulam M , Jackson Andrew M 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Introduction
IL-17 plays an important role in autoimmunity, promoting autoimmunity, inflammation and invasion in multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and type I diabetes. The role of IL-17 in cancer is unclear, however, as there are few studies examining IL-17 protein expression in cancer. We therefore examined IL-17 protein expression in human breast cancer and modelled its potential biological significance in vitro.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry was used to determine IL-17 expression in breast cancers. Matrigel invasion assays were employed to examine the effect of IL-17 on cancer cell invasion by a panel of breast cancer cell lines. The role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was investigated with selective antagonists and immunoassays for MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of MMP.

Results
IL-17-expressing cells with macrophage morphology were identified in the peritumoural area of a proportion of patients (8/19 patients). Macrophages were confirmed by CD68 staining on serial sections. With the exception of occasional lymphocytes, one patient with rare multinucleate giant cells and one patient with occasional expression of IL-17 in tumour cells, no other IL-17-positive cells were detected. Addition of IL-17 to cell lines in vitro stimulated marked invasion of Matrigel. In contrast, IL-17 did not promote the invasion of MCF7 or T47D cell lines. Invasion was initially thought to be dependent on MMPs, as evidenced by the broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor GM6001 and selective antagonists of MMP-2/MMP-9 and MMP-3. Measurement of MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of MMP 1 secretion, failed to reveal any changes in expression following IL-17 exposure. In contrast, TNF promoted secretion of MMPs but IL-17 did not augment TNF, indicating that IL-17 acts via an independent mechanism.

Conclusions
The present study is the first to describe in situ expression of IL-17 protein in human breast tumours and to propose a direct association between IL-17 and breast cancer invasion. The precise effectors of IL-17-dependent invasion remain to be characterised but could include a range of proteases such as a disintegrin and metalloproteinase protein or astacins. Nevertheless, this work identifies a novel potential mechanism for breast cancer invasion and tumour progression, the prognostic implication of which is currently under investigation.
Determinants and impact of multidrug antibiotic resistance in pathogens causing ventilator-associated-pneumonia
Authors: Depuydt Pieter O , Vandijck Dominique M , Bekaert Maarten A , Decruyenaere Johan M , Blot Stijn I , Vogelaers Dirk P , Benoit Dominique D 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Introduction
The idea that multidrug resistance (MDR) to antibiotics in pathogens causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is an independent risk factor for adverse outcome is still debated. We aimed to identify the determinants of MDR versus non-MDR microbial aetiology in VAP and assessed whether MDR versus non-MDR VAP was independently associated with increased 30-day mortality.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively registered cohort of adult patients with microbiologically confirmed VAP, diagnosed at a university hospital intensive care unit during a three-year period. Determinants of MDR as compared with non-MDR microbial aetiology and impact of MDR versus non-MDR aetiology on mortality were investigated using multivariate logistic and competing risk regression analysis.

Results
MDR pathogens were involved in 52 of 192 episodes of VAP (27%): methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in 12 (6%), extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in 28 (15%), MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other non-fermenting pathogens in 12 (6%). Multivariable logistic regression identified the Charlson index of comorbidity (odds ratio (OR) = 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08 to 1.75, p = 0.01) and previous exposure to more than two different antibiotic classes (OR = 5.11, 95% CI = 1.38 to 18.89, p = 0.01) as predictors of MDR aetiology. Thirty-day mortality after VAP diagnosis caused by MDR versus non-MDR was 37% and 20% (p = 0.02), respectively. A multivariate competing risk regression analysis showed that renal replacement therapy before VAP (standardised hazard ratio (SHR) = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.47 to 4.94, p = 0.01), the Charlson index of comorbidity (SHR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.41, p = 0.03) and septic shock on admission to the intensive care unit (SHR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.03 to 3.35, p = 0.03), but not MDR aetiology of VAP, were independent predictors of mortality.

Conclusions
The risk of MDR pathogens causing VAP was mainly determined by comorbidity and prior exposure to more than two antibiotics. The increased mortality of VAP caused by MDR as compared with non-MDR pathogens was explained by more severe comorbidity and organ failure before VAP.
Encapsulated in silica: genome, proteome and physiology of the thermophilic bacterium Anoxybacillus flavithermus WK1
Authors: Saw Jimmy H , Mountain Bruce W , Feng Lu , Omelchenko Marina V , Hou Shaobin , Saito Jennifer A , Stott Matthew B , Li Dan , Zhao Guang , Wu Junli , Galperin Michael Y , Koonin Eugene V , Makarova Kira S , Wolf Yuri I , Rigden Daniel J , Dunfield Peter F , Wang Lei , Alam Maqsudul 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Background
Gram-positive bacteria of the genus Anoxybacillus have been found in diverse thermophilic habitats, such as geothermal hot springs and manure, and in processed foods such as gelatin and milk powder. Anoxybacillus flavithermus is a facultatively anaerobic bacterium found in super-saturated silica solutions and in opaline silica sinter. The ability of A. flavithermus to grow in super-saturated silica solutions makes it an ideal subject to study the processes of sinter formation, which might be similar to the biomineralization processes that occurred at the dawn of life.

Results
We report here the complete genome sequence of A. flavithermus strain WK1, isolated from the waste water drain at the Wairakei geothermal power station in New Zealand. It consists of a single chromosome of 2,846,746 base pairs and is predicted to encode 2,863 proteins. In silico genome analysis identified several enzymes that could be involved in silica adaptation and biofilm formation, and their predicted functions were experimentally validated in vitro. Proteomic analysis confirmed the regulation of biofilm-related proteins and crucial enzymes for the synthesis of long-chain polyamines as constituents of silica nanospheres.

Conclusions
Microbial fossils preserved in silica and silica sinters are excellent objects for studying ancient life, a new paleobiological frontier. An integrated analysis of the A. flavithermus genome and proteome provides the first glimpse of metabolic adaptation during silicification and sinter formation. Comparative genome analysis suggests an extensive gene loss in the Anoxybacillus/Geobacillus branch after its divergence from other bacilli.
Risk-Adapted Salvage Treatment With Single or Tandem Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for First Relapse/Refractory Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Results of the Prospective Multicenter H96 Trial by the GELA/SFGM Study Group
Authors: Morschhauser Franck , Brice Pauline , Fermé Christophe , Diviné Marine , Salles Gilles , Bouabdallah Reda , Sebban Catherine , Voillat Laurent , Casasnovas Olivier , Stamatoullas Aspasia , Bouabdallah Krimo , André Marc , Jais Jean-Philippe , Cazals-Hatem Dominique , Gisselbrecht Christian 
Published: November 2008

Purpose A prospective multicenter trial evaluated a risk-adapted salvage treatment with single or tandem autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) for 245 Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients who experience treatment failure with first-line therapy. Patients and Methods Poor-risk patients (150 with primary refractory disease or ≥ two of the following risk factors at first relapse: time to relapse < 12 months, stage III or IV at relapse, and relapse within previously irradiated sites) or intermediate-risk patients (95 with one risk factor at relapse) were eligible for tandem or single ASCT, respectively. Results Among poor-risk patients, 105 (70%), including 30 of 55 with cytoreductive chemotherapy-resistant disease, received tandem ASCT, whereas 92 intermediate-risk patients (97%) received single ASCT. According to intent-to-treat analysis, the 5-year freedom from second failure and overall survival (OS) estimates were 73% and 85%, respectively, for the intermediate-risk group and 46% and 57%, respectively, for the poor-risk group. Outcomes were similar for primary refractory and poor-risk/relapsed HL. For patients with chemotherapy-resistant disease, the 46% 5-year OS rate achieved with tandem ASCT compares favorably with the previously reported 30%. Outcomes for partial and complete responders to cytoreduction receiving tandem ASCT did not differ significantly and were better than those previously reported for partial responders receiving single ASCT, but not superior to those reported for complete responders receiving single ASCT. Six poor-risk patients (4%) died from toxicity. Conclusion Single ASCT is appropriate for intermediate-risk patients. For poor-risk patients, our results suggest a benefit of tandem ASCT for half of the patients with chemotherapy-resistant disease and partial responders, but not for complete responders to cytoreductive chemotherapy.
Effect of BRCA1 Haplotype on Survival of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Platinum-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Kim Hong-Tae , Lee Jong-Eun , Shin Eun-Soon , Yoo Yeon-Kyeong , Cho Jae-Hwa , Yun Min-Hye , Kim Yeul-Hong , Kim Se-Kyu , Kim Hyun-Jung , Jang Tae-Won , Kwak Seung-Min , Kim Chul-Soo , Ryu Jeong-Seon 
Published: November 2008

Purpose To determine whether germ-line variations in BRCA1 affect outcome in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with platinum combination chemotherapy. Patients and Methods We evaluated the associations of four tagging BRCA1 polymorphisms and their haplotypes with treatment outcome in 300 NSCLC patients at stages IIIA (16%), IIIB (31%), and IV (53%). Results The median age was 63 years (range, 28 to 89 years). Histologically, 139 (46.3%) of the patients had squamous cell carcinomas and 137 (45.7%) had adenocarcinomas. Patient median survival time (MST) was 13.0 months. We observed no significant association between any of the tagging polymorphisms [S1613G, IVS13-1893 (A>C), IVS12-1207 (C>T), and IVS12+112 (C>A)] and overall survival. Of the five haplotypes evaluated (AACC, AACA, GCTC, GATC, and AATC), the survival of patients with two copies of the AACC (wild-type) haplotype was significantly shorter than that of patients with zero to one copies (MST, 8.47 v 14.57 months; log-rank P = .0066), even after adjustment for body weight loss, performance status, stage, second-line treatment, and radiation therapy (hazard ratio = 2.097; 95% CI, 1.339 to 3.284). The survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma and two copies was significantly shorter than that of other patients with squamous cell carcinoma (MST, 6.8 v 15.3 months; log-rank P = 3.6 × 10−5), whereas differences in survival between the two adenocarcinoma groups was not significant (log-rank P = .677). Conclusion These findings suggest that the AACC haplotype of the BRCA1 gene is an important prognostic marker in NSCLC patients treated with platinum combination chemotherapy.
Estrogen Receptor Genotypes Influence Hot Flash Prevalence and Composite Score Before and After Tamoxifen Therapy
Authors: Jin Yan , Hayes Daniel F. , Li Lang , Robarge Jason D. , Skaar Todd C. , Philips Santosh , Nguyen Anne , Schott Anne , Hayden Jill , Lemler Suzanne , Storniolo Anna Maria , Flockhart David A. , Stearns Vered 
Published: November 2008

Purpose Hot flashes are common and frequently lead to drug discontinuation among women prescribed tamoxifen. We determined whether genetic polymorphisms in estrogen receptors (ESRs) α and β (ESR1 and ESR2, respectively) are associated with tamoxifen-induced hot flashes. Patients and Methods We determined ESR1 PvuII and XbaI and ESR2-02 genotypes in 297 women who were initiating tamoxifen. One-week hot flash diaries were collected to calculate a hot flash score (frequency × severity) before and 1, 4, 8, and 12 months after starting tamoxifen. Results Approximately 80% of 297 participants reported hot flashes before or during the first year of tamoxifen. After 4 months of tamoxifen, premenopausal women who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy had a four-fold increase in hot flash score (from 5.9 to 23.6; P = .003) compared with a 1.17-fold increase (from 19.6 to 23; P = .34) in those who received chemotherapy. In premenopausal women, increased number of ESR1 PvuII and XbaI CG alleles was associated with higher baseline hot flash scores compared with those who had other haplotypes (P = .0026). At 4 months, postmenopausal women with ESR1 PvuII CC and ESR2-02 GG genotypes had 4.6 times increases in hot flash scores than other postmenopausal women (56 v 12; P = .0007). Women who had the ESR2-02 AA genotype were significantly less likely to experience tamoxifen-induced hot flashes than women who carried at least one ESR-02 G allele (hazard ratio, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.63; P = .001). Conclusion Knowledge of menopausal status, prior chemotherapy, and ESR genotype may help predict which women are most likely to suffer hot flashes during tamoxifen treatment.
Plasma Isoflavones and Subsequent Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Nested Case-Control Study: The Japan Public Health Center
Authors: Kurahashi Norie , Iwasaki Motoki , Inoue Manami , Sasazuki Shizuka , Tsugane Shoichiro 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe incidence of prostate cancer is much lower in Japanese than Western populations. Given the preventive effects of isoflavones on carcinogenesis in the prostate in many nonhuman studies and the high consumption of isoflavones in Japanese, this low incidence may be partly due to the effects of soy.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a nested case-control study within the Japan Public Health Center–based Prospective Study. A total of 14,203 men aged 40 to 69 years who had returned the baseline questionnaire and provided blood samples were observed from 1990 to 2005. During a mean of 12.8 years of follow-up, 201 newly diagnosed prostate cancers were identified. Two matched controls for each case were selected from the cohort. Conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for prostate cancer in relation to plasma levels of isoflavone.ResultsPlasma genistein level tended to be inversely associated with the risk of total prostate cancer. Although plasma daidzein showed no association, the highest tertile for plasma equol, a metabolite of daidzein, was significantly associated with a decreased risk of total prostate cancer (OR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.99; Ptrend= .04). These inverse associations were strengthened after analysis was confined to localized cases, with ORs in the highest group of plasma genistein and equol compared with the lowest of 0.54 (95% CI, 0.29 to 1.01; Ptrend= .03) and 0.43 (95% CI, 0.22 to 0.82; Ptrend= .02), respectively. Plasma isoflavone levels were not statistically significantly associated with the risk of advanced prostate cancer.ConclusionIsoflavones may prevent the development of prostate cancer.