bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Dehydroamino Acids and Dehydrodipeptides with Rhodium(I)-modified DIOP Catalysts
Authors: Yamagishi Takamichi , Yatagai Masanobu , Hatakeyama Hidetoshi , Hida Mitsuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(−)-DIOP was modified in two ways: i), Introduction of a large aromatic substituent at the dioxolane ring of (−)-DIOP and ii), replacement of one diphenylphosphino group by diarylphosphino group to give unsymmetrical DIOPs. Modification at the dioxolane ring had a small effect on the asymmetric induction by DIOP in the hydrogenation. Modification at the phosphino group affected the stereocontrol by the ligand and the unsymmetrical DIOP with di-2-naphthylphosphino group gave higher optical yields than (−)-DIOP for the hydrogenation of α-acetamidocinnamic acid and dehydrodipeptides.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation Catalyzed by (Achiral Base)bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt(II)-Chiral Cocatalyst System
Authors: Takeuchi Seiji , Ohgo Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Chiral tertiary amines with a secondary amide group at α- or β-carbon were prepared, and an asymmetric hydrogenation of methyl 2-(acetylamino)acrylate and N,N′-dimethyl-5-benzylidenehydantoin catalyzed by achiral base-coordinated bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt(II)-chiral cocatalyst system was examined by using each of them as the cocatalyst. The enantiomeric excess of N,N′-dimethyl-5-benzylhydantoin reached 79.1% with (S)-N-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]-2-quinuclidinecarboxamide as the cocatalyst. Remarkable differences were observed in the enantioselectivities between the two substrates for the same cocatalysts. Discussion about the conformations of the cocatalysts and substrates led to proposed models of chirality-recognizing transition states.
3,5-Dinitro-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-pyridone, A Novel and Convenient Protecting Reagent for Primary Amines
Authors: Matsumura Eizo , Kobayashi Hironori , Nishikawa Tomomi , Ariga Masahiro , Tohda Yasuo , Kawashima Toshihide 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Crystalline derivatives of the following l-amino acids modified by 3,5-dinitro-4-pyridone have been prepared: glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, tryptophan, histidine, arginine, methionine and lysine. The modified l-amino acids (DNPY-l-amino acids) could be purified by recrystallization and were characterized by 1H-NMR, IR and UV spectral data. The molar rotation of the DNPY-l-amino acids varied from 2 to 100 times those of the parent amino acids. The effectiveness of 3,5-dinitro-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-pyridone as an amino-protecting reagent of l-amino acids is described.
A Study of the Mechanism for the Extraction of Uranium, Water, and Nitric Acid with Trioctylphosphine Oxide Using a Binary Molten Mixture of Biphenyl and Naphthalene as the Solvent
Authors: Kojima Takehiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Liquid-liquid distribution with trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and a binary molten mixture of biphenyl and naphthalene (weight ratio=3:1) has been examined for the extraction of uranium from a 0.1 mol kg−1 nitric acid solution. The stoichiometry of the TOPO complex of uranyl nitrate in the molten biphenyl–naphthalene phase was established to be UO2(NO3)2(TOPO)2. The extracted species of water and nitric acid are H2·TOPO and H3O+·TOPO·NO3− at concentrations of TOPO of less than 0.1 mol kg−1. The thermodynamic quantities (ΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS°) were obtained for the extraction of uranyl nitrate, nitric acid, and water into TOPO–bi-phenyl–naphthalene and TOPO–cyclohexane solutions from the temperature dependence of the extraction constants. More exothermic enthalpy and smaller entropy changes were observed for the binary molten mixture; these differences were attributed to the aromatic and viscous properties of the solvent.
The Adsorption Behavior of Monoionic Dyes at the Aqueous Solution/Air Interface
Authors: Uchizono Yorie , Shimada Emiko , Okayama Yuuko , Harada Yuuzo , Aratono Makoto , Motomura Kinsi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The surface tension of the aqueous solutions of six dyes have been measured as a function of dye concentration at 298.15 K under atmospheric pressure. The adsorbed films of four azo dyes have been found to transform from the gaseous phase to the expanded phase. The relation between the molecular structure of dye and the state of the adsorbed film has been discussed by making use of the surface pressure vs. mean area curve.
Studies of Cyanamide Derivatives. Part 110. A Facile Synthesis of 2,4,6-Triureido-1,3,5-triazine and 2-Amino-4,6-diureido-1,3,5-triazine
Authors: Iio Kokoro , Ichikawai Eiichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2,4,6-Triureido-1,3,5-triazine and 2-amino-4,6-diureido-1,3,5-triazine were readily synthesized in high yields, 94 and 85% respectively, by the alcoholysis of 2,4,6-tris(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazine and 2-amino-4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazine in the presence of hydrogen chloride.
Synthesis of cis-12-Nonadecen-9-one, cis-13-Icosen-10-one, the Pheromone of Peach Fruit Moth, and cis-15-Henicosen-11-one, the Pheromone of Douglas Fir Tussock Moth
Authors: Ito Shota , Saito Norio , Hatakeda Kiyotaka , Goto Tomio , Ikushima Yutaka , Asano Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A convenient synthesis of cis-12-nonadecen-9-one (4a), cis-13-icosen-10-one (4b), the pheromone of peach fruit moth, and cis-15-henicosen-11-one (4c), the pheromone of Douglas fir tussock moth, is described. 4a was synthesized from methyl 3-oxoundecanoate and 1-bromo-2-nonyne (2a) via 12-nonadecyn-9-one. The higher homo-log 4b could be obtained from methyl-3-oxododecanoate and 2a. Similarly, 4c was prepared from methyl 3-oxotridecanoate and 1-bromo-3-nonyne (2b).
Studies on Nucleosides and Nucleotides. XI. Synthesis of 5′-Deoxypyrimidine Nucleosides
Authors: Kimura Junji , Nishikubo Yoshiyuki , Mitsunobu Oyo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
When 2′,3′-O-(triphenylphosphoranediyl)O2,5′-cyclouridine and N4-benzoyl-2′,3′-O-(triphenylphosphoranediyl)-O2,5′-cyclocytidine were allowed to react with tributyltin hydride in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile under reflux, 5′-deoxyuridine (84% yield) and N4-benzoyl-5′-deoxycytidine (71% yield) were obtained.
Pyridinium Fluorochromate or Benzyltrimethylammonium Chlorochromate for Selective Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Nonaka Tsuyoshi , Kanemoto Shigekazu , Oshima Koichiro , Nozaki Hitosi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Selective oxidation of secondary alcohols in the presence of primary ones has been achieved by the following sequences, (1) selective protection of primary alcohols with t-BuMe2SiCl, (2) oxidation of secondary alcohols with title reagents, and (3) deprotection of primary hydroxyls.
The Crystal Structure of (TMTTF)2ReO4
Authors: Kobayashi Hayao , Kobayashi Akiko , Sasaki Yukiyoshi , Saito Gunzi , Inokuchi Hiroo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal of (TMTTF)2ReO4 is isomorphous with the other (TMTTF) 2X compounds(X=ClO4, PF6, Br,···). TMTTF molecules are stacked face-to face to form a zig-zag column. Although the structure of (TMTTF)2ReO4 closely resembles that of the analogous compound, (TMTSF)2ReO4, the loose intermolecular contacts in (TMTTF)2ReO4 suggest that the intermolecular interaction appears to be much weaker than that in (TMTSF)2ReO4.
The Partial Molar Volume of 1-Alkanols in a Sodium Dodecylsulfate Solution around Its Critical Micelle Concentration
Authors: Manabe Masahiro , Kikuchi Sumiyoshi , Katayama Shingo , Tokunaga Susumu , Koda Masaharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The partial molar volume (Va) of 1-alkanols (C6–C8) was determined at 25 °C in a solution of sodium dodecylsulfate up to its critical micelle concentration in water. The Va in micellar solutions is higher than that in non-micellar ones. This increase in Va has been explained in terms of the promotion of micellization by the addition of alkanol.
Reactions of Dipyridylacetylenes and Carbon Disulfide under High Pressure. Synthesis of Tetra-2-pyridyltetrathiafulvalene
Authors: Nagawa Takahiro , Zama Yoshiaki , Okamoto Yoshiyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of di-2-pyridylacetylene with CS2 at 100 °C under 4500 atm for 12 h. gave tetra-2-pyridyltetrathiafulvalene in 80% yield.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Copper(II), Zinc(II), and Cadmium(II) Incorporation into 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphine and N-Methyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphine in N,N-Dimethylformamide
Authors: Funahashi Shigenobu , Yamaguchi Y\={u}shi , Tanaka Motoharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kinetics of reactions of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphine (H2(tpp)) and N-methyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphine (H(metpp)) with CuII, ZnII, and CdII ions was studied spectrophotometrically in N,N-dimethylformamide. The rate of incorporation of metal ions (M2+ : Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+) into H(metpp) is first order with respect to both H(metpp) and metal ion: d[M(metpp)+]/dt=[k[H(metpp)][M2+] with k(25 °C)=11.5±0.5 mol−1 dm3 s−1 for Zn2+ and (5.8±0.8)×102 mol−1 dm3 s−1 for Cd2+. The rate of incorporation of copper and zinc into H2(tpp) is first order in H2(tpp) and the conditional first-order rate constants are expressed as follows: k0(M)=K[M2+](1+K[M2+])−1(k1+k2[M2+]) where for Cu2+ and Zn2+ K/mol−1 dm3, k1/s−1, and k2/mol−1dm3 s−1 at 25°C are (1.6±0.2)×104 and (7.2±1.5)×102, (1.2±0.1)×10−4 and (3.5±0.7)×10−5, and (5.2±0.2)×10−2 and (8.6±0.2)×10−4, respectively. Metal ion incorporation into H2(tpp) proceeds through the formation of intermediates prior the rate-limiting step. For the H(metpp) system, the methyl group on the pyrrole in H(metpp) prevents the formation of such an intermediate. On the other hand, the rate of cadmium incorporation into H2(tpp) is first order with respect to Cd2+ and H2(tpp) and its second order rate constant k is (6.5±1.0)×10−3 mol−1 dm3 s−1. The large cadmium(II) ion can not fit into the porphyrin nucleus and its reaction proceeds through a pathway involving a mononuclear activated complex.
Vibrational Level Populations of Hydrogen Fluoride Produced in Infrared Multiple-photon Decompositon of C2H5F
Authors: Ishikawa Yo-ichi , Arai Shigeyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
CO2 TEA laser-induced photolysis of C2H5F was studied by using a time-resolved infrared fluorescence technique. Molecular elimination of vibrationally excited hydrogen fluoride (HF*) from C2H5F* occurs in the process. Rotational temperatures and vibrational level populations of HF* are estimated from observed fluorescence spectra by computational fitting. Higher vibrational levels are populated to a less extent in the decomposition under a collisionless condition. When the pressure of C2H5F is increased, however, population inversion is allowed among some levels. Possible reaction mechanism is discussed for the production of HF* at extraordinarily high vibrational levels.
Applicability of a New Adsorption Isotherm Equation and Adsorption Abilities of Commercial Chelating Resins for Single Metal Ions in Acidic Solution
Authors: Urano Kohei , Chanyasak Veerapan , Fujii Nobuhiko , Yukawa Toshiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Adsorption isotherms for single metal ions(Ca2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, or Pb2+) in acidic solutions at 25 °C on 9 types of commercial chelating resins were obtained. The results could all be expressed by the isotherm equation, Q=Qmax⁄(1+ACM−αCHβ), reported in the preceding paper. The parameters α and β, which indicate respectively the influences of concentrations of metal ion (CM) and hydrogen ion (CH) on the adsorption capacities (Q), were discussed in relation to the properties of the chelating resins and the metal ions.
The Electrical and Structural Features of Vanadium-oxide Films as Formed by the Thermal Decomposition of Vanadium Naphthenate
Authors: Kera Yoshiya , Imori Hisateru , Kida Shigeharu , Degawa Katsumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Vanadium-oxide thin film, which was amorphous, brownish, and transparent, was prepared more conveniently by improving Sekiya-Matsushita’s method by, for instance, decomposing vanadium naphthenate thermally; that is, 10 wt% of a 1-butanol solution of vanadium naphthenate was dropped on slide glass, dried in air, decomposed at 600 °C for 20 min under 0.5 l/min of a N2 stream which was equilibrated with water at 21.5 °C, and then taken out rapidly into the air for cooling. The VO thin film thus prepared usually showed an abrupt change in electric conductivity from 2×10−5 to 1×10−4 Ω−1 at about 60 °C. The electrical feature was greatly affected by the addition of other metal oxides, such as Na2O, TiO2, Cr2O3, MoO3, and ZrO2. Both the conductivity and the gap tended to decrease in the cases of TiO2, Cr2O3, and MoO3, and to increase in ZrO2. On the addition of Na2O, however, the conductivity increased only at temperatures lower than the transition point; thus, the gap decreased greatly, almost disappearing. It was concluded from these facts that the electrical feature of the vanadium-oxide film must be controlled to a great extent by the addition of some compounds of vanadium oxide with the other metal oxides formed at the grain boundary of the VO2 amorphous particles. That is, the larger the conductivity of the compound in the boundary layer, the more clearly the intrinsic feature of the VO2 particles appears, and vice versa.
Bromochlorination of Alkenes with Dichlorobromate(1–) Ion. II. Regio- and Stereochemistry for the Bromochlorination of 1-Phenylpropenes with Dichlorobromate(1–) Ion
Authors: Negoro Takeshi , Ikeda Yoshitsugu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The bromochlorinations of 1-phenylpropenes with tetrabutylammonium dichlorobromate(1–) in aprotic solvents (dielectric constants 5–36) were found to be completely anti stereospecific and nonregiospecific, although Markownikoff adduct was mainly formed. In marked contrast, addition of molecular bromine chloride to the same alkenes was found to give nonstereospecific and regiospecific adducts. These results suggest that the addition of bromine chloride in the form of (n-C4H9)4NBrCl2 involves a rate- and product-determining attack of a chloride ion to a three-center bound π complex.
Carbon-13 NMR Spectra of 5-(4-Substituted Benzylidene)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridines
Authors: Takeuchi Yoshito , Bando Takashi , Tomoda Shuji , Nomura Yujiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Carbon-13 chemical shifts for a series of 5-(4-substituted benzylidene)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridines were determined. The substituent chemical shifts (SCS) were correlated with σI and σRo values by means of DSP and DSP-NLR analysis. It was found that as a substituent the C=C–C=N moiety is as mild as C=C and that the former can be approximated as a vinylogue of the C=N moiety. C-13 lanthanoid-induced shifts (LIS) of the parent compound were also discussed.
Base-induced Cyclization of N-[Bis(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl]-2-bromo-3-hydroxybutyramide Derivatives
Authors: Shiozaki Masao , Ishida Noboru , Hiraoka Tetsuo , Maruyama Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Treatment of (2R,3R)-N-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-N-[bis(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl]-2-bromo-3-hydroxybutyramide (5) with DBU yielded the bicyclic β-actam 13 by a direct cyclization, and its diastereoisomer 14 and the γ-lactam 15 via the trans-epoxide 6. The same treatment of (2S,3R)-isomer (11) gave the direct cyclization product 14 in 93% yield. On the other hand, reaction of 5 and 11 with sodium hydride afforded the 2-azetidinone derivatives (mainly 14 (23%) from 5, and 19 (75%) from 11, respectively) via the corresponding epoxides 6 and 12.
Formations of Novel Dimeric Cyclohexanone Oxime Compounds
Authors: Sato Haruyo , Imamura Shinzo , Kitano Yukishige , Kanda Teruo , Ashida Tamaichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structure of the dimeric oxime compound obtained by the reaction of 2-chlorocyclohexanone oxime or 1-chloro-2-nitrosocyclohexane dimer with stoichiometrical ammonia was established to be 14-oxa-7,15,16-triazatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,6.08,13]hexadecan-16-ol by spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography; the result leads to a revision of the previously proposed structure, bis(2-hydroxyiminocyclohexyl)amine.
Cydoadditions of Trifluoroacetonitrile Oxide with Olefins and Acetylenes
Authors: Tanaka Kiyoshi , Masuda Hideyuki , Mitsuhashi Keiryo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The regio- and stereoselectivity of the cydoadditions of trifluoroacetonitrile oxide (1) with olefins and acetylenes were described. The oxide 1, generated in situ from trifluoroacetohydroximoyl bromide etherate in the presence of triethylamine, reacted with various monosubstituted olefins and acetylenes to give exclusively 5-substituted 3-trifluoromethyl-2-isoxazolines and -isoxazoles, respectively, whereas 1 cyclized with 1,2-disubstituted olefins and acetylenes to result in the formation of a mixture of two regioisomeric products. On the other hand, the cycloaddition of 1 with (Z)-β-methylstyrene afforded a mixture consisting of two regioisomeric isoxazolines retaining Z-configuration and one diastereoisomeric isoxazoline.
Preparation of 13-Substituted 8H-Dibenzo[a,g]quinolizin-8-ones by Intramolecular Wittig-Horner Reaction of Dialkyl 2-(o-Acylbenzoyl)-1,2-dihydro-1-isoquinolylphosphonates
Authors: Akiba Kin-ya , Negishi Yoshio , Inamoto Naoki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Dialkyl 2-(o-acylbenzoyl)-1,2-dihydro-1-isoquinolyl-phosphonates (1) were prepared by reactions of isoquinoline, o-acylbenzoyl chloride, and trialkyl phosphites. Treatment of 1 with lithium diisopropylamide gave 13-substituted 8H-dibenzo[a,g]quinolizin-8-ones by intramolecular Wittig-Horner reaction. Especially, 13-alkoxy and dimethylamino derivatives were obtained in good yields. A similar reaction of dimethyl 1-[o-(methoxycarbonyl)benzoyl]-1,2-dihydro-2-quinolylphosphonate was also described.
Facile Synthesis of (2R,3R)-Phenylalanine-2,3-d2 and NMR Study on Deuterated Gramicidin S
Authors: Tanimura Kenjiro , Kato Tetsuo , Waki Michinori , Lee Sannamu , Kodera Yasushi , Izumiya Nobuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(2R,3R)-Phenylalanine-2,3-d2 (d-Phe*) was synthesized through catalytic reduction of cyclo(-(Z)-2,3-dehydrophenylalanyl-d-alanyl-) under an atmosphere of 2H2 and successive acid hydrolysis in the yield of 80% in high chiral induction. The d-Phe* thus obtained was used for synthesis of [d-Phe*4,4′] gramicidin S (GS*). The 1H NMR spectrum of GS* in DMSO-d6 showed a sharp singlet at 2.98 ppm for the (3S)-proton of d-Phe* residue. It has been proposed that among rotamers of d-Phe aromatic side chain in GS the one with κ1=180° is predominant. The present observation provides sound evidence for assignments of d-Phe β-protons based on the proposal.
Preparation and Properties of AzaTCNQ− Anion Salts and Mixed AzaTCNQ−/TCNQ\ewdot Salts of N-Alkylpyridinium and Related Cations
Authors: Tanaka Hirohisa , Matsubayashi Gen-etsu , Tanaka Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The [Cation]+ATCNQ− type salts were prepared, where ATCNQ− is (4-dicyanomethyl-1-pyridinio)dicyanomethanide anion, so-called AzaTCNQ− anion, and [Cation]+ are N-alkylpyridinium, 4-cyano-N-alkylpyridinium, (4-methyl-1-pyrazinio)dicyanomethanide, N-alkylquinolinium (alkyl=Me and Et), N-methylacridinium, and N-methylphenazinium. Electrical resistivities of these salts as compacted samples fall in the range 106–109 Ωcm at 25 °C. The mixed ATCNQ−/TCNQ\ewdot salts (TCNQ\ewdot=7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethan radical anion) of N-alkylpyridinium and -quinolinium cations also were prepared; [Cation]+ (ATCNQ−)0.1(TCNQ\ewdot)0.9([Cation]+=N-methylpyridinium, N-ethylpyridinium, and N-ethylquinolinium) and [N-methylquinolinium]+(ATCNQ−)0.17(TCNQ\ewdot)0.83 whose electrical resistivities (104–106 Ωcm at 25 °C) are somewhat smaller than those of the corresponding TCNQ\ewdot salts. Stackings of ATCNQ− and TCNQ\ewdot anions are discussed on the basis of electronic reflectance and ESR spectra. The [Cation]+ATCNQ− salts react with iodine in hexane to give [Cation]+ATCNQ−·Ix ([Cation]+=N-methyl- and N-ethylpyridinium and -quinolinium; x=3.2–3.9). They exhibit electrical resistivities of 104–106 Ωcm at 25°C, which are lower by the 102–103 order than the resistivities of the undoped [Cation]+ATCNQ− salts.
Synthetic Studies on Quinoxaline Antibiotics. III. Synthesis of Nortriostin A, a Triostin A Analog Lacking N-Methyl Groups on the Cystine and Valine Residues
Authors: Shin Masaru , Inouye Ken , Higuchi Naoki , Kyogoku Yoshimasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Nortriostin A, which is an analog of a cyclic octadepsipeptide antibiotic triostin A and contains one cystine and two valine residues substituted for the N,N′-dimethylcystine and N-methylvaline residues of the antibiotic, was synthesized with Z–d-Ser[Boc–Ala–Cys(MeBzl)–Val]–OH and Z–d-Ser[H–Ala–Cys(MeBzl)–Val]–OTce as key intermediates. The synthetic analog showed no antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 100 μg/ml and was found to exist as a single structure in solution as examined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The latter observation suggests that the conformer equilibrium known to occur with triostin A is a consequence of the presence of N-methyl peptide bonds in the antibiotic molecule.
Dynamic NMR as a Nondestructive Method for the Determination of Rates of Dissociation. V. Proton Affinities of p-Substituted N,N-Dibenzylanilines in Aprotic Solvents
Authors: Oki Michinori , Ohira Manabu , Yoshioka Yasuhiro , Morita Toshiari , Kihara Hiroshi , Nakamura Nobuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Rates of proton exchange between p-substituted N,N-dibenzylanilinium ion and chloride ion in chloroform-d and acetonitrile-d3 were determined by the dynamic NMR technique. Comparison of the kinetic proton affinity of the anilines in the aprotic solvents with the proton affinity of anilines in the gas phase and the basicity in water revealed that they could be linearly correlated. The feature of the kinetic data was a large positive entropy of activation which can be ascribed to the change from an ionic ground state to a covalent transition state. The entropy of activation was somewhat smaller in acetonitrile-d3 than in chloroform-d. This was attributed to the change in the stage of the transition state for the exchange. A small amount of water which could not be removed easily from the aprotic solvents was proved not to harm the results.
Optical Resolution of Dl-Valine, Dl-Leucine, and Dl-Isoleucine by Formation of Adduct with l-Phenylalanine
Authors: Shiraiwa Tadashi , Ikawa Akihiko , Sakaguchi Keiji , Kurokawa Hidemoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An alkaline solution containing l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) and one of Dl-valine, Dl-leucine, and Dl-isoleucine is allowed to selectively form a precipitate composed of l-Phe and the aliphatic d-amino acid by adjusting the pH of initial solution to around 5.5 with hydrochloric acid. 1H NMR spectra in deuterium oxide, elemental analyses, and infrared spectra of the precipitates indicate that they are adducts of the aliphatic d-amino acid and l-Phe in the molar ratio of 1:1. The free aliphatic Dl-amino acids with high optical purity (84–100%) may be recovered from the adducts in 49–63% yield. An attempt was made to obtain both the aliphatic d- and Dl-amino acids by using an aqueous solution containig the aliphatic Dl-amino acid and l-Phe as an initial solution. The aliphatic l-amino acids obtained had optical purity of 47–85%.
Manufacturing Process of Sodium Hydroxide and Nitric Acid from Thermochemically Split Sodium Nitrate
Authors: Takeuchi Norio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For the manufacture of sodium hydroxide and nitric acid a new thermochemical process of splitting sodium nitrate has been proposed which consists of (i) splitting of sodium nitrate by iron(III) oxide, (ii) hydrolysis of sodium ferrate, and (iii) absorption of nitrogen dioxide into water. Key reactions (i) and (ii) have experimentally been verified. The overall heat requirement for the process is discussed on the basis of a material and heat flow-sheet of the process constructed.