bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioavailability assessment of a brompheniramine taste‐masked pediatric formulation in a juvenile porcine model
Authors: Wang Jiang , Shakleya Diaa , Giacoia George , Rahman Ziyuar , Khan Mansoor A. , Faustino Patrick J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA brompheniramine taste‐masked pediatric formulation was developed as part of the National Institutes of Health Pediatric Formulation Initiative to help address low patient compliance caused by the bitter taste of many adult formulations. To confirm that the taste‐masked formulation can provide a similar pharmacological effect to the previous marketed adult formulations, a juvenile porcine model was used to screen the model pediatric formulation to compare the bioavailability between the marketed brompheniramine maleate and the taste‐masked maleate/tannate formulation. Pigs were dosed orally with both formulations and blood samples were obtained from 0 to 48 h. Plasma samples were prepared and extracted using solid‐phase extraction. The mass spectrometer was operated under selected ion monitoring mode. The selected ion monitoring channels were set to m/z 319.1 for brompheniramine and m/z 275.2 for the internal standard chlorpheniramine. Calibration curves were linear over the analytical range 0.2–20 ng/ml (r2 > 0.995) for brompheniramine in plasma. The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracies were between 98.0 and 105% with 5.73% RSD precision. The bioanalytical method was successfully applied to a preclinical bioavailability study. The bioavailability profiles were not significantly different between the two formulations, which demonstrates that taste‐masking with tannic acid is a promising approach for formulation modification for pediatric patients.
Sex and race differences in the association of albumin with cognitive function in older adults
Authors: Hu Yang , Lin Duo , Song Min , Wu Dongmei , Zhang Yuqing , Li Gongbo , Luo Haiyan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith the increasing aging population, dementia has become a significant socioeconomic burden. However, the effects of albumin on delayed recall (DR) impairment remain unclear, and there are limited reports on sex and race differences in this relationship. This study aimed to investigate the association between albumin levels and DR impairment in older adults.MethodsA total of 1507 normal cognitive function and 553 DR impairment from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 were included in this cross‐sectional analysis. Participants aged 60 years and above were assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease DR (CERAD‐DR) test to evaluate cognitive function. Participants were categorized into DR impairment and normal cognitive function groups according to their CERAD‐DR scores. Logistic regression analyses, generalized additive models, and fitted smoothing curves were utilized for data analysis.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, a negative association was found between albumin levels and cognitive function (odds ratio [OR] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41–0.87). Subgroup analysis stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, and age revealed that the negative association remained significant in men (OR = 0.53, 95%CI 032–0.87), Blacks (OR = 0.35, 95%CI 0.17–0.74), and the age group of 60–70 years (OR = 0.48, 95%CI 0.28–0.81). However, no significant association was observed in women (OR = 0.72, 95%CI 0.41–1.28), whites (OR = 0.58, 95%CI 0.31–1.07), or Mexican Americans (OR = 1.11, 95%CI 0.35–3.46), as well as the age group of 71–80 years (OR = 0.62, 95%CI 0.37–1.03).ConclusionsOur study suggests that elevated albumin levels are associated with a decreased incidence of cognitive function impairment, particularly in older men and Blacks. This finding indicates that maintaining high levels of albumin may be beneficial for cognitive function in older adults.
Evaluating magnetic resonance imaging characteristics and risk factors for hemifacial spasm
Authors: Li Bo , Luo Chun , Jin Yabin , Yi Ying , Cheng Dongliang , Huang Linwen , Wang Guofu , Zhong Xuguang , Zhao Hai , Gao Mingyong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeThe specific neurovascular compression (NVC) event responsible for the symptomatic manifestation of hemifacial spasm (HFS) remains difficult to assess accurately using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aim to evaluate the MRI characteristics of HFS.MethodWe retrospectively included patients with HFS and divided them into a test group (n = 186) and a validation group (n = 28). The presence, severity, and offending vessel type of NVC in each portion, and the orientation of the offending vessel around the facial nerve, were recorded. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate correlations using test group. The validation group was used to verify whether our findings improved diagnostic performance.ResultsDeformity in the proximal cisternal segment was significantly correlated with HFS occurrence (odds ratio [OR]: 256.58, p = .002), whereas contact was not (p = .233). Both contact and deformity in the root detachment point (OR: 19.98 and 37.22, p < .001 and p = .013, respectively) or attached segment (OR: 4.99 and 252.52, p = .001 and p < .001, respectively) were significantly correlated with HFS occurrence. Our findings improved specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy of diagnosis than conventional diagnostic methods. The vertebral artery predominantly compress the facial nerve in the inferior‐anterior position, the anterior inferior cerebellar artery predominantly in the inferior position, the posterior inferior cerebellar artery predominantly in the inferior position, vein predominantly in the posterior–superior position.ConclusionsThis study further demonstrates that within the susceptible portion of facial nerve, different portions of the nerve respond differently to NVC. Each offending vessel has its own preferred conflict orientation. Our study offers reference for neurosurgeons in diagnosis and treatment.
Perioperative complications of arteriovenous tirofiban administration versus oral dual antiplatelet therapy for stent‐assisted embolization treated aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A retrospective, controlled cohort analysis
Authors: Wang Kaishan , Chen Yujie , Xu Yao , Yang Chen , Lai Zhaopan , Tan Binbin , Zhu Gang , Miao Hongping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMajor perioperative complications of stent‐assisted embolization treated for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients include the formation of thromboembolic events (TEs) and hemorrhagic events (HEs), for which antiplatelet protocols play a key role.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center retrospective analysis to compare the differences between arteriovenous tirofiban administration with traditional oral dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). A total of 417 consecutive patients were enrolled. General clinical characteristics, as well as the perioperative ischemic and hemorrhagic events, were retracted in digital documents. Logistic regression was conducted to identify both risk and protective factors of perioperative TEs and HEs.ResultsPerioperative TEs occurred in 21 patients, with an overall perioperative TEs rate of approximately 5.04%; among these patients, the incidence of perioperative TEs in the tirofiban group was less than that in the DAPT group. Additionally, 66 patients developed perioperative HEs, with an incidence of approximately 15.83%; among these patients, the incidence of perioperative HEs was less than that in the DAPT group. No significant differences were seen between the two groups in terms of the mRS score at the time of discharge.ConclusionThis study indicated that an improved perioperative antiplatelet drug tirofiban was an independent protective factor for perioperative TEs in stent‐assisted embolization of ruptured intracranial aneurysms, but it did not impart an elevated risk of perioperative HEs and had no significant effects on the near‐term prognosis of the patients.
Morin improves learning and memory in healthy adult mice
Authors: Martínez‐Coria Hilda , Serrano‐García Norma , López‐Valdés Héctor E. , López‐Chávez Gabriela Sinaí , Rivera‐Alvarez José , Romero‐Hernández Ángeles , Valverde Francisca Fernández , Orozco‐Ibarra Marisol , Torres‐Ramos Mónica Adriana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMorin is a flavonoid found in many edible fruits. The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex play crucial roles in memory formation and consolidation. This study aimed to characterize the effect of morin on recognition and space memory in healthy C57BL/6 adult mice and explore the underlying molecular mechanism.MethodsMorin was administered i.p. at 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg/24 h for 10 days. The Morris water maze (MWM), novel object recognition, novel context recognition, and tasks were conducted 1 day after the last administration. The mice's brains underwent histological characterization, and their protein expression was examined using immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques.ResultsIn the MWM and novel object recognition tests, mice treated with 1 mg/kg of morin exhibited a significant recognition index increase compared to the control group. Besides, they demonstrated faster memory acquisition during MWM training. Additionally, the expression of pro‐brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), BDNF, and postsynaptic density protein 95 proteins in the hippocampus of treated mice showed a significant increase. In the entorhinal cortex, only the pro‐BDNF increased. Morin‐treated mice exhibited a significant increase in the hippocampus's number and length of dendrites.ConclusionThis study shows that morin improves recognition memory and spatial memory in healthy adult mice.
TG/HDL‐c ratio as a predictor of progressive infarction in patients with anterior circulation single subcortical infarction
Authors: Lin Jing , Dong Liangbin , Huang Qin , Xiao Hui , Li Shumeng , Tang Jincai , Mao Xiaocheng , Huang Pengcheng , Li Xiaobing , Hong Daojun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe contributors predicting progressive infarction (PI) in patients with anterior circulation single subcortical infarction (ACSSI) and pontine single infarction (PSI) may be unidentical. The role of triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL‐c) ratio on PI is unclear. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the correlation between TG/HDL‐c ratio and PI in patients with ACSSI or PSI.MethodsBetween January 2020 and October 2022, we retrospectively enrolled 738 patients including 638 ACSSI patients and 100 PSI patients to analyze. Demographic characteristics, clinical information, and laboratory data were collected within 24 h of admission.ResultsPI occurred in 143 (19.4%) patients. In univariate analysis, patients with PI had higher initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, higher discharge NIHSS scores, higher levels of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, TG, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and TG/HDL‐c ratio, but lower levels of creatinine compared to patients with non‐PI (p < .05). Furthermore, the results of the subgroup analyses revealed the independent association between TG/HDL‐c ratio and PI in ACSSI patients (OR 1.079, 95% CI 1.009–1.153, p = .026) rather than in PSI patients. Additionally, a receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the optimal predictive cutoff value of the TG/HDL‐c ratio was 3.985, and a TG/HDL‐c ratio ≥3.985 was more likely to experience PI in ACSSI patients.ConclusionIn conclusion, the TG/HDL‐c ratio was independently associated with PI in patients with ACSSI.
Structure and Synthesis of Vindolicine and Derivatives
Authors: Asia  , Sammer Yousuf , Vendier Laure , Massiot Georges 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article describes the reaction of vindoline with formaldehyde and trimethyl orthoformate to prepare vindolicine, tris‐vindolicinyl methane and higher molecular weight homologues. The synthesis of 10‐formyl vindoline as an intermediate allowed further exploration of its chemistry, in particular the reaction with acetone which yielded a symmetrical dimer, which was further reacted with vindoline to give molecules containing three and four vindoline units. These molecules were characterized by NMR and for some of them (vindolicine, 10‐formyl vindoline, 10‐(1’‐(but‐1’‐en‐3’‐one))‐vindoline) by X‐ray crystallography. Depending on the substitution and on the absence of axes of symmetry, the NMR spectra displayed non‐equivalent spin systems for the vindoline moieties. The dimer formed from the double condensation of 10‐formyl vindoline with acetone showed cytotoxic activity in the micromolar range.
Lipidomic Profiling and Pharmacological Activities of Ficus drupacea Oil: Comparative Study Between Conventional vs. Green Solvent
Authors: Kansal Palak , Shukla Abha , Shukla Rishi Kumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFicus drupacea is a medicinal tree found in temperate regions. Various parts of this plant had been used traditionally for the treatment of various ailments such as root powder applied externally for skin infections. Analysis was carried out on the bioactive lipids extracted from Ficus drupacea fruit using both petroleum‐based solvent (Hexane) and an environmentally friendly solvent Dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The results showed that DMC extraction yielded a high oil content in Ficus drupacea fruit (6.51 %). When examining the fatty acid composition using GC‐FID analysis, Ficus drupacea oil extracted with DMC contained significant proportions of essential fatty acids such as linoleic acid (32.317 %), oleic acid (20.946 %), palmitic acid (25.841 %), etc. Additionally, DMC extraction resulted in higher levels of total phenolics in Ficus drupacea fruit oil compared to hexane. Moreover, DMC extracted oil exhibited stronger antioxidant properties, such as radical scavenging, anti‐ arthritic, photoprotective activity while displayed similar anti‐inflammatory and anti‐microbial activity as hexane‐extracted oil. In summary, these findings demonstrate that DMC is an efficient and safer alternative to conventional solvent hexane for extracting oils from Ficus drupacea fruit. It is rich in bioactive compounds essential for human nutrition, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, with enhanced biological activities.
A novel de novo variant in the RUNX2 gene causes cleidocranial dysplasia in a Malian girl
Authors: Cissé Lassana , Yalcouyé Abdoulaye , Touré Kadidia Oumar , Coulibaly Youlouza , Maiga Alassane Baneye , Bamba Salia , Diallo Dramane , Diarra Salimata , Taméga Abdoulaye , Traoré Oumou , Kotioumbé Mahamadou , Sangaré Moussa Aly , Ba Hamidou Oumar , Simaga Assiatou , Koné Fatogoma Issa , Samassekou Oumar , Koné Amadou , Guinto Cheick Oumar , Landouré Guida ,   the H3Africa consortium
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageCleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare genetic skeletal disorder with only few cases reported in Africa, mostly based on clinical and radiological findings. We report the first case in Mali, caused by a novel de novo variant in the RUNX2 gene.AbstractCleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia characterized by an aplastic/hypoplastic clavicles, patent sutures and fontanels, dental abnormalities and a variety of other skeletal changes. We report a novel de novo variant in the RUNX2 gene causing a severe phenotype of CCD in a Malian girl.
Rectus abdominis muscle abscess after performing colonoscopy—A case report
Authors: Soheilipour Maryam , Tabesh Elham , Afsharzadeh Mahshad , Tabibian Amirhossein 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageEndoscopic removal of premalignant polyps can prevent colorectal cancers. It is considered a safe procedure, yet there are some complications reported. Rectus abdominis muscle abscess (RAMA) is a type of pyomyositis seen as a complication of rectus sheath hematoma. Predisposing factors to RAMA include trauma, diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse, Intravenous drug abuse and hematologic diseases.In this article, we report a case of a 74‐year‐old patient with abscess formation in the Rectus Abdominis muscle after colonoscopy and polypectomy with the application of abdominal pressure techniques without any early complications. Diagnosis of RAMA was made after a Computed Tomography scan and ultrasound‐guided drainage, in addition to antibiotic therapy, were used as treatment.Although colonoscopy is considered a generally safe procedure, endoscopists should be aware of Rectus Abdominis sheath hemorrhage and RAMA in the following as a complication with the presentation of abdominal pain. Applying abdominal pressure should be done carefully To reduce minor trauma likelihood, owing to it being a predisposing factor of RAMA.
Intramolecular Coupling and Nucleobase Transfer – How Cytochrome P450 Enzymes GymBx Establish Their Chemoselectivity
Authors: Freytag Jasmin , Martin Andreas , Müller Joshua C. , Kelm Tjark , Stehle Thilo , Li Shu‐Ming , Zocher Georg 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCyclodipeptides (CDPs) build an important class of secondary metabolites with a plethora of pharmacological impact such as antibiotic, cytotoxic, antifungal properties or even as anti‐Alzheimer drug candidates. The core structure of 2,5‐diketopiperazines, a subclass of CDPs, is composed of two ‘head‐to‐tail’ connected α‐amino acids. Their chemical diversity is broadened by tailoring enzymes as members of their biosynthetic gene clusters, such as CDP‐dimerizing P450s. Recently, a new class of P450 enzymes, termed GymBx, was identified in the biosynthetic pathway of guatyromycines. These enzymes catalyse both an intramolecular C−C bond formation within cyclo‐l‐Tyr‐l‐Tyr (cYY) and a nucleobase transfer reaction, which is unique for CDP‐modifying P450 enzymes. In this study, we report the structures of two members, GymB1 and GymB5, in their unbound states, as well as GymB5 in complex with hypoxanthine and cYY. Structural data of the ternary complex shed light into CDP binding and nucleobase transfer reaction, identified key residues for substrate recognition and modified the enzymatic bifunctionality. By mutagenesis we successfully established a GymB5 variant that strictly switched the chemoselectivity of the reaction towards an intermolecular coupling enzyme. This data set a solid basis for future protein engineering of P450 enzymes to synthesize new CDP‐nucleobase adducts.
Ultrasensitive Solvatochirochromism of Single Benzene Chromophores
Authors: Liu Yiping , Hao Aiyou , Xing Pengyao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSolvents influence the structure, aggregation and folding behaviors of solvatochromic compounds. Ultrasensitive solvent mediated chiroptical response is conducive to the fabrication of molecular platform for sensing and recognition, which however, remains great challenges in conceptual or applicable design. Here we report a cysteine‐based single benzene chromophore system that shows ultrasensitivity to solvents. Compared to the ratiometrically responsive systems, the chiroptical activities could be triggered or inverted depending on the substituents of chiral entities with an ultralow solvent volume fraction (<1 vol %). One drop of dipolar solvents shall significantly induce the emergence or inversion of chiroptical signals in bulky phases. Based on the experimental and computational studies, the ultrasensitivity is contributed to the intimate interplay between solvents and chiral compounds that anchors the specific chiral conformation. It illustrates that structurally simple organic compounds without aggregation or folding behaviors possess pronounced solvatochiroptical properties, which sheds light on the next‐generation of chiroptical sensors and switches.
Chloride ion titration – new indicator for teaching chemistry chemistry
Authors: Zell Lukas , Oßwald Samuel , Friedrich Jens , Oetken Marco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDie Chloridionentitration nach Mohr ist eine geeignete Methode, um in der Schule quantitative Analytik zu thematisieren. Bei dieser Titration werden Chloridionen als schwerlösliches Silberchlorid gefällt. Am Äquivalenzpunkt sorgt wiederum ein schwerlösliches Silbersalz als Indikator für einen Farbumschlag. Im ursprünglichen Ansatz werden Chromationen als Indikator eingesetzt. Aufgrund der hohen Toxizität ist es bedenklich, die Titration als Schülerversuch durchzuführen. Im Rahmen einer Substitutionsprüfung wurde ein Indikator gefunden, der den Ansprüchen an Farbigkeit und Löslichkeit genügt. Phosphat fällt analog zu Chromat als farbiges Silbersalz aus und zeigt so zuverlässig den Endpunkt der Titration. Die Chloridionentitration ist mit diesem Indikator als Schülerversuch bedenkenlos möglich.
AMter: An end‐to‐end model for transcriptional terminators prediction by extracting semantic feature automatically based on attention mechanism
Authors: Zhang Haotian , Li Jinzhe , Hu Fang , Lin Haobo , Ma Jiali 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe Terminator, a specific DNA sequence, provides the transcriptional termination signal to RNA polymerase, making it a critical aspect of transcriptional regulation. This article proposes AMter, the first end‐to‐end model designed for predicting transcriptional terminators, leveraging attention mechanisms. In AMter, rather than manual feature engineering, two distinct modules based on attention mechanism, known as Frequency‐Attention and Allkmer‐Attention, are employed to automatically learn efficient features. Frequency‐Attention generates informative features by autonomously determining the significance of various frequency features, while Allkmer‐Attention aims to capture the relationships among all k‐mers within a DNA sequence. Features generated by Frequency‐Attention and Allkmer‐Attention demonstrate high informativeness and discriminative capacity, allowing precise discrimination of whether a DNA sequence is a terminator through a simple prediction network. The results of the 5‐fold cross‐validation test indicate the remarkable achievement of our proposed method, attaining 100% accuracy in both the training and validation datasets. Furthermore, AMter demonstrates outstanding prediction accuracy on two independent datasets, with 100% accuracy for Escherichia coli and 99.30% for Bacillus subtilis, marking a significant 94.4% relative improvement over prior methods. Experimental results conclusively demonstrate that AMter surpasses existing approaches, establishing a new state‐of‐the‐art in transcriptional terminator prediction.
Optimization of layout for embedding half hypercube into conventional tree architectures
Authors: Immanuel Paul , Greeni A. Berin 
Published: February 2024

SummaryEmbedding a graph into another graph can be utilized for structural simulation, processor allocation, and algorithm porting in the field of parallel architecture. This has the potential to enhance the physical layout of network‐on‐chip (NoC) devices as well as to investigate their virtualization possibilities. Layout is one of the many indicators of graph embedding. An optimal layout in NoC design can result in a decreased wiring area and cost, as well as the reduction in communication delay between parallel processing components. In this work, the guest graph is the half hypercube, which possess efficient routing, fault tolerance, and Hamiltonian features. The edge isoperimetric problems is solved for the half hypercube using a novel technique called the isochronal ordering. The host graphs considered in our work are complete binary trees, ‐rooted complete binary trees, and other few predominantly investigated tree based architectures.