bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HLA class II DR and DQ genotypes and haplotypes associated with rheumatic fever among a clinically homogeneous patient population of Latvian children
Authors: Stanevicha Valda , Eglite Jelena , Zavadska Dace , Sochnevs Arturs , Shantere Ruta , Gardovska Dace 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe HLA system is being paid more and more attention because it is very significant in polymorphous immunological reactions. Several studies have suggested that genetic susceptibility to rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is linked to HLA class II alleles. We hypothesized that HLA class II associations within RHD may be more consistent if analysed amongst patients with a relatively homogeneous clinical outcome. A total of 70 RF patients under the age of 18 years were surveyed and analysed in Latvia. HLA genotyping of DQA1, DQB1 and DRB1 was performed using PCR with amplification with sequence-specific primers. We also used results from a previous study of DQB1 and DRB1 genotyping. In the RF patients, HLA class II DQA1*0401 was found more frequently compared to DQA1*0102. In the RF homogeneous patient groups, DQA1*0402 has the highest odds ratio. This is also the case in the multivalvular lesion (MVL) group, together with DQA1*0501 and DQA1*0301. In the chorea minor patients, DQA1*0201 was often found. Significant HLA DQA1 protective genotypes were not detected, although DQA1 genotypes *0103/*0201 and *0301/*0501 were found significantly and frequently. In the distribution of HLA DRB1/DQA1 genotypes, *07/*0201 and *01/*0501 were frequently detected; these also occurred significantly often in the MVL group. The genotype *07/*0201 was frequently found in Sydenhamn's chorea patients that had also acquired RHD, but DRB1*04/DQA1*0401 was often apparent in RF patients without RHD. In the distribution of HLA DQA1/DQB1 genotypes, both in RF patients and in the homogeneous patient groups, the least frequent were *0102/*0602-8. The genotype DQA1*0501 with the DQB1 risk allele *0301 was often found in the MVL group. The genotype *0301/*0401-2 was frequently found in the RF and Sydenhamn's chorea patient groups. The haplotype *07-*0201-*0302 was frequently found in RF and homogeneous patient groups, including the MVL group. In addition, haplotypes *04-*0401-*0301 and *04-*0301-*0401-2 were frequent amongst patients with Sydenhamn's chorea. The protective alleles DQA1*0102 and DQB1*0602-8 in the haplotype DRB1*15 were less frequently found in RF patients. The results of the present study support our hypothesis and indicate that certain HLA class II haplotypes are associated with risk for or protection against RHD and that these associations are more evident in patients in clinically homogeneous groups.
Injurious mechanical ventilation in the normal lung causes a progressive pathologic change in dynamic alveolar mechanics
Authors: Pavone Lucio A , Albert Scott , Carney David , Gatto Louis A , Halter Jeffrey M , Nieman Gary F 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Introduction
Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes a heterogeneous lung injury, and without protective mechanical ventilation a secondary ventilator-induced lung injury can occur. To ventilate noncompliant lung regions, high inflation pressures are required to 'pop open' the injured alveoli. The temporal impact, however, of these elevated pressures on normal alveolar mechanics (that is, the dynamic change in alveolar size and shape during ventilation) is unknown. In the present study we found that ventilating the normal lung with high peak pressure (45 cmH20) and low positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP of 3 cmH2O) did not initially result in altered alveolar mechanics, but alveolar instability developed over time.

Methods
Anesthetized rats underwent tracheostomy, were placed on pressure control ventilation, and underwent sternotomy. Rats were then assigned to one of three ventilation strategies: control group (n = 3, Pcontrol = 14 cmH2O, PEEP = 3 cmH2O), high pressure/low PEEP group (n = 6, Pcontrol = 45 cmH2O, PEEP = 3 cmH2O), and high pressure/high PEEP group (n = 5, Pcontrol = 45 cmH2O, PEEP = 10 cmH2O). In vivo microscopic footage of subpleural alveolar stability (that is, recruitment/derecruitment) was taken at baseline and than every 15 minutes for 90 minutes following ventilator adjustments. Alveolar recruitment/derecruitment was determined by measuring the area of individual alveoli at peak inspiration (I) and end expiration (E) by computer image analysis. Alveolar recruitment/derecruitment was quantified by the percentage change in alveolar area during tidal ventilation (%I – EΔ).

Results
Alveoli were stable in the control group for the entire experiment (low %I – EΔ). Alveoli in the high pressure/low PEEP group were initially stable (low %I – EΔ), but with time alveolar recruitment/derecruitment developed. The development of alveolar instability in the high pressure/low PEEP group was associated with histologic lung injury.

Conclusion
A large change in lung volume with each breath will, in time, lead to unstable alveoli and pulmonary damage. Reducing the change in lung volume by increasing the PEEP, even with high inflation pressure, prevents alveolar instability and reduces injury. We speculate that ventilation with large changes in lung volume over time results in surfactant deactivation, which leads to alveolar instability.
Functional coordination of alternative splicing in the mammalian central nervous system
Authors: Fagnani Matthew , Barash Yoseph , Ip Joanna Y , Misquitta Christine , Pan Qun , Saltzman Arneet L , Shai Ofer , Lee Leo , Rozenhek Aviad , Mohammad Naveed , Willaime-Morawek Sandrine , Babak Tomas , Zhang Wen , Hughes Timothy R , van der Kooy Derek , Frey Brendan J , Blencowe Benjamin J 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Background
Alternative splicing (AS) functions to expand proteomic complexity and plays numerous important roles in gene regulation. However, the extent to which AS coordinates functions in a cell and tissue type specific manner is not known. Moreover, the sequence code that underlies cell and tissue type specific regulation of AS is poorly understood.

Results
Using quantitative AS microarray profiling, we have identified a large number of widely expressed mouse genes that contain single or coordinated pairs of alternative exons that are spliced in a tissue regulated fashion. The majority of these AS events display differential regulation in central nervous system (CNS) tissues. Approximately half of the corresponding genes have neural specific functions and operate in common processes and interconnected pathways. Differential regulation of AS in the CNS tissues correlates strongly with a set of mostly new motifs that are predominantly located in the intron and constitutive exon sequences neighboring CNS-regulated alternative exons. Different subsets of these motifs are correlated with either increased inclusion or increased exclusion of alternative exons in CNS tissues, relative to the other profiled tissues.

Conclusion
Our findings provide new evidence that specific cellular processes in the mammalian CNS are coordinated at the level of AS, and that a complex splicing code underlies CNS specific AS regulation. This code appears to comprise many new motifs, some of which are located in the constitutive exons neighboring regulated alternative exons. These data provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the tissue specific functions of widely expressed genes are coordinated at the level of AS.
Improved Overall Survival in Postmenopausal Women With Early Breast Cancer After Anastrozole Initiated After Treatment With Tamoxifen Compared With Continued Tamoxifen: The ARNO 95 Study
Authors: Kaufmann Manfred , Jonat Walter , Hilfrich Jörn , Eidtmann Holger , Gademann Günther , Zuna Ivan , von Minckwitz Gunter 
Published: June 2007

Purpose In postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor–positive early breast cancer, surgery is usually followed by a 5-year course of tamoxifen. This report presents results of a prospective, open-label, randomized study, designed to evaluate the benefits of switching to anastrozole after 2 years of tamoxifen treatment, compared with continuing on tamoxifen for 5 years. Patients and Methods After receiving tamoxifen treatment for 2 years, eligible patients (n = 979) were randomly assigned to switch to anastrozole (1 mg/d) or continue tamoxifen (20 or 30 mg/d) for an additional 3 years. Patients were monitored every 6 months during years 1 to 3 and annually thereafter. The primary efficacy variable was disease-free survival, including local or distant recurrence, new contralateral breast cancer, or death. Secondary variables were overall survival and assessment of safety. Results Switching to anastrozole resulted in a significant reduction in the risk of disease recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.44 to 1.00; P = .049), and improved overall survival (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.99; P = .045) compared with continuing on tamoxifen. Fewer patients who switched to anastrozole reported serious adverse events (22.7% v 30.8%) compared with those who continued on tamoxifen, mainly due to more patients in the tamoxifen group with endometrial events. The overall safety profile for anastrozole was consistent with previous reports and no new safety issues were identified. Conclusion Postmenopausal women who have taken tamoxifen for 2 years as adjuvant therapy are less likely to experience a recurrence of breast cancer and have improved overall survival if they switch to anastrozole compared with continuing to receive tamoxifen.
Stratification of Breast Cancer Risk in Women With Atypia: A Mayo Cohort Study
Authors: Degnim Amy C. , Visscher Daniel W. , Berman Hal K. , Frost Marlene H. , Sellers Thomas A. , Vierkant Robert A. , Maloney Shaun D. , Pankratz V. Shane , de Groen Piet C. , Lingle Wilma L. , Ghosh Karthik , Penheiter Lois , Tlsty Thea , Melton L. Joseph , Reynolds Carol A. , Hartmann Lynn C. 
Published: June 2007

Purpose Atypical hyperplasia is a well-recognized risk factor for breast cancer, conveying an approximately four-fold increased risk. Data regarding long-term absolute risk and factors for risk stratification are needed. Patients and Methods Women with atypical hyperplasia in the Mayo Benign Breast Disease Cohort were identified through pathology review. Subsequent breast cancers were identified via medical records and a questionnaire. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using standardized incidence ratios, comparing the observed number of breast cancers with those expected based on Iowa Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data. Age, histologic factors, and family history were evaluated as risk modifiers. Plots of cumulative breast cancer incidence provided estimates of risk over time. Results With mean follow-up of 13.7 years, 66 breast cancers (19.9%) occurred among 331 women with atypia. RR of breast cancer with atypia was 3.88 (95% CI, 3.00 to 4.94). Marked elevations in risk were seen with multifocal atypia (eg, three or more foci with calcifications [RR, 10.35; 95% CI, 6.13 to 16.4]). RR was higher for younger women (< 45; RR, 6.76; 95% CI, 3.24 to 12.4). Risk was similar for atypical ductal and atypical lobular hyperplasia, and family history added no significant risk. Breast cancer risk remained elevated over 20 years, and the cumulative incidence approached 35% at 30 years. Conclusion Among women with atypical hyperplasia, multiple foci of atypia and the presence of histologic calcifications may indicate “very high risk” status (> 50% risk at 20 years). A positive family history does not further increase risk in women with atypia.
Distinct Guest-Dependent Changes in Arrangements of a Fluorophore and the Corresponding Emission Modes in a Ternary System: Transcription and Translation of Guest Molecular Information
Authors: Mizobe Yuji , Hinoue Tomoaki , Miyata Mikiji , Hisaki Ichiro , Hasegawa Yasuchika , Tohnai Norimitsu 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
In order to prepare novel molecular arrangements of a fluorophore that result in new solid-state fluorescence properties, we fabricated a ternary system consisting of anthracene-2,6-disulfonic acid (ADS), aliphatic primary amines and guest molecules as a fluorophore, arrangement-controlling parts and molecular information sources, respectively. The system consisting of ADS, (rac)-s-butylamine and 1,4-dioxane yielded a novel zigzag arrangement of anthracene moieties that gave rise to a rare emission mode. Subsequent screening of the amines and guests in the ternary system suggested that a relationship exists among the molecular information source, the zigzag arrangement and the rare emission mode. Namely, molecular information of 1,4-dioxane is transcribed to the zigzag arrangement, and the arrangement is translated into the excimer-like emission. Interestingly, the relationship appears to mimic that found in DNA. In addition, transcription of the molecular information requires the appropriate shape and size of void spaces formed by ADS and (rac)-s-butylamine. From these observations, the zigzag arrangement and the corresponding rare emission mode is specific for the system of ADS, (rac)-s-butylamine and 1,4-dioxane.
Surface Modification of Titania Particles with Urushiol (Japanese Lacquer) and Its Application to the Preparation of Polymer–Titania Hybrids
Authors: Suzuki Takeyuki , Ito Yusuke , Boury Bruno , Sugahara Yoshiyuki 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
To prepare stable polymer–titania hybrids, titania particles were modified using urushiol (extracted from Japanese lacquer) via surface complexation. The urushiol moieties underwent hydrosilylation and radical graft-polymerization to yield polymer–titania hybrids in which the titania particles were dispersed in polymer matrices.
Selective Precipitation of Salts on the Surface of a Gel State Phosphatidylcholine Membrane
Authors: Iijima Kazutoshi , Matsubara Teruhiko , Sato Toshinori 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
We identified precipitates of salts on phospholipid bilayers in solution with an atomic force microscope and X-ray fluorescence analyzer. The precipitates on the surface of a dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine membrane in a gel state were found in Tris-buffered saline and grew with time. The salts precipitated were considered to be NaCl in buffer.
Preparation and Reaction of Phenylsulfonyl-substituted Dizinciomethane
Authors: Baba Yoko , Toshimitsu Akio , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Treatment of dibromomethyl phenyl sulfone with zinc powder in the presence of a catalytic amount of lead in THF afforded phenylsulfonyl-substituted dizinciomethane. The species converts a ketone or aldehyde into an alkenyl sulfone via a Wittig-type olefination reaction with the assistance of β-TiCl3.
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Co–Ni Nanowire Array Prepared by Alternating Current Electrodeposition
Authors: Xu Jinxia , Wang Keyu , Xu Yi 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Ordered Co43Ni57 nanowire array has been fabricated in a porous alumina template by alternating current electrodeposition. The as-obtained nanowires exhibit a diameter of about 45 nm and aspect ratio of more than 30. X-ray diffraction indicates that the Co43Ni57 nanowires crystallize in Co (fcc) solid solution with a highly preferential orientation (111). The Co43Ni57 nanowire array has an obvious magnetic anisotropy. However, the magnetic properties of such nanowire arrays exhibited a bad thermal stability at the medium temperature of 200 °C.
Immobilization of Palladium Acetate on Ionic Liquid Copolymerized Polystyrene: A Way to Eliminate Inhibiting Effect of Imidazolium Chloride and Enhance Catalytic Performance
Authors: Sugimura Rie , Qiao Kun , Tomida Daisuke , Kume Yohei , Yokoyama Chiaki 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Immobilization of palladium acetate on a novel polymeric support that is prepared by copolymerization of 3-butyl-1-vinylimidazolium chloride with styrene is demonstrated to be an effective way to eliminate inhibiting effect of imidazolium chloride and enhance catalytic performance.
Characteristics of Amorphous TiO2 Particles Prepared in Various Reaction Systems
Authors: Takayanagi Mariko , Imai Yoko , Tajima Kazuo 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Amorphous TiO2 particles were prepared by the various reverse systems such as reverse micelle, reverse microemulsion, reverse emulsion, and by the sol–gel method, and investigated on their photocatalytic properties. After calcinating for 3 h at 200 °C, we found that they indicated two kinds of band-gap energies and gave the photocatalytic activity with irradiation of either UV or visible light, while anatase state did not work with visible light. However, any amorphous states were gradually converted into crystalline anatase with continuous irradiation, even without heating.
Pd–Au Bimetal Supported on Rutile–TiO2 for Selective Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide by Oxidation of H2 with O2 under Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Ishihara Tatsumi , Hata Yuiko , Nomura Yohei , Kaneko Kenji , Matsumoto Hiroshige 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Rutile TiO2 support is effective for increasing the formation rate as well as selectivity to H2O2. A great enhancement in the H2O2 formation rate and selectivity is achieved by controlling the particle size of Pd–Au (7:3 in weight ratio) alloy, and the average size of 18 nm exhibits the high selectivity to H2O2 under atmospheric pressure.
Magic-angle-spinning NMR at 30 T with a Hybrid Magnet
Authors: Hashi Kenjiro , Shimizu Tadashi , Fujito Teruaki , Goto Atsushi , Ohki Shinobu , Shimoda Keiji , Tobu Yasuhiro , Saito Koji 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Solid-state NMR measurements at 30 T have been performed with a hybrid magnet of National Institute for Materials Science. Spectral resolution less than 3 ppm was confirmed by 79Br magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR measurements of a reference material KBr. A small sample and an aluminum metal shield were used to reduce the effects of field inhomogeneity and fluctuation. As an example of application for an industrial material, 27Al MAS NMR of a refractory mortar was demonstrated.
New Method for Synthesis of Aldehydes from Esters by Sodium Diisobutyl-t-butoxyaluminum Hydride
Authors: Song Jung In , An Duk Keun 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
A new reducing agent, sodium diisobutyl-t-butoxyaluminum hydride (SDBBA), easily prepared by addition of sodium t-butoxide to DIBALH in THF at 0 °C or room temperature, readily reacts with representative esters to give the corresponding aldehydes in very good yields under mild conditions (0 °C).
Molar mass determination of lignins by size-exclusion chromatography: towards standardisation of the method
Authors: Baumberger Stéphanie , Abaecherli Alfred , Fasching Mario , Gellerstedt Gäoran , Gosselink Richard , Hortling Bo , Li Jiebing , Saake Bodo , de Jong Ed 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The reactivity and physicochemical properties of lignins are partly governed by their molar mass distribution. The development of reliable standard methods for determination of the molar mass distribution is not only relevant for designing technical lignins for specific applications, but also for monitoring and elucidating delignification and pulping processes. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) offers many advantages, such as wide availability, short analysis time, low sample demand, and determination of molar mass distribution over a wide range. A collaborative study has been undertaken within the “Eurolignin” European thematic network to standardise SEC analysis of technical lignins. The high-molar-mass fraction of polydisperse lignins was shown to be the main source of intra- and interlaboratory variations, depending on the gel type, elution solvent, detection mode, and calculation strategy. The reliability of two widespread systems have been tested: one based on alkali and a hydrophilic gel (e.g., TSK Toyopearl gel) and the other based on THF as solvent and polystyrene-based gels (e.g., Styragel). A set of practical recommendations has been deduced.
Experimental device for the accurate determination of wood-water relations on micro-samples
Authors: Perré Patrick 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper describes an experimental device designed for the accurate determination of wood/water relations on micro-samples. The moisture content of the sample is measured with a highly sensitive electronic microbalance. Moreover, the dimensions of the sample in tangential and longitudinal direction are collected continuously without contact by means of two high-speed laser scan micrometers. The device is placed in a climatic chamber. The micro-samples investigated were prepared with a diamond wire saw. A sample thickness of less than 1 mm allows the moisture content to be almost uniform during the test. The data obtained are of excellent quality and accuracy, in spite of the very small mass and dimensions of the samples. The device provides a perfect tool for investigating the dynamic interaction between relative humidity, moisture content, and shrinkage. Results collected for beech, spruce and eucalyptus are presented. Important findings include: deviation from a linear relation between shrinkage and moisture content in beech; uniqueness of the shrinkage versus moisture content curve during desorption/adsorption cycles; evidence of cell collapse in eucalyptus, especially for tension wood; and property variations within the growth ring of normal wood and compression wood of spruce.
Finely milled kenaf core as a natural plywood binder
Authors: Okuda Nobuhisa , Sato Masatoshi 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Application of kenaf core powder as a natural plywood binder has been studied. In the first instance, binderless boards made of kenaf core powder and overlaid sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) veneers resulted in immediate veneer delamination. However, binderless boards were successfully manufactured from sugi wood powder and had an internal bonding strength of 1.69 MPa. The board properties improved with increasing fineness of the raw material, increasing pressing temperature, and increasing board density. Essential prerequisites for binderless adhesion are: (1) particles should be situated close to each other to allow the formation of chemical bonds; and (2) a high pressing temperature is necessary to melt the solid-solid interfaces between the particles and to supply the activation energy for chemical reactions. For successful adaptation of these requirements, the kenaf core powder should have an average particle size of approximately 10 μm, which then mediates close contact between veneers. Plywood bonded with kenaf core powder had an average tensile shear strength of 0.96 MPa with a wood failure rate of 82.1%. Accordingly, vibratory ball milling activates kenaf core and the powder is suitable as a natural plywood binder.
Effects of ring characteristics on the compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity of seven softwood species
Authors: Lin Cheng-Jung , Tsai Ming-Jer , Lee Chia-Ju , Wang Song-Yung , Lin Lang-Dong 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The effects of ring characteristics on the compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity of seven softwood species in Taiwan were examined. The results revealed good correlation between compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity obtained using an ultrasonic wave technique (correlation coefficient r=0.77–0.86). Overall, compressive strength increased with decreasing ring width parameters and increasing ring density parameters. Ring density was related to compressive strength, but was not the sole factor affecting the wood strength. According to our statistical analysis, compressive strength was affected by various ring characteristics. Relationships between ring characteristics and compressive strength are influenced by the anatomic direction. Results revealed that earlywood density and minimum density in a ring are equally important variables for evaluating the compressive strength of wood.