bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hla‐c locus antigens in hla‐b27 associated arthritis
Authors: Arnett Frank C. , Hochberg Marc C. , Bias Wilma B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrequecies of the HLA‐C locus antigens, Cw 1, Cw2, Cw3, and Cw4, were determined in 88 patients with spondylitic diseases and 88 matched and 64 B27‐positive normal controls. Both Cw1 and Cw2 were significantly increased in B27‐positive patients and B27‐positive controls as compared to B27‐negative patients and matched controls. Cw1 and Cw2 demonstrate strong linkage disequilibrium with B27. Their absence in B27‐negative patients suggests disease susceptibility is related to HLA‐B.
Complement‐fixing hidden rheumatoid factor in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Moore Terry L. , Zuckner Jack , Baldassare Andrew R. , Weiss Terry D. , Dorner Robert W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifteen to twenty percent of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) have positive latex fixation tests (LFT), whereas approximately 46% have previously been demonstrated to have hidden rheumatoid factors (RF), i.e., 19S IgM RF which can be detected by the LFT after acid separation of the IgM‐containing fraction from serum. In this study, hidden RF were found in 59% of patients with seronegative JRA by use of a complement‐dependent hemolytic assay. The median titer of JRA patients was 1:42, and in healthy and disease controls it was 1:7. The difference was significant at P < 0.001. When data from patients with active disease were analyzed separately, the median titer for polyarticular JRA was 1:97 and for pauciarticular JRA, 1:91. The differences due to active disease were significant at P < 0.001 and P < 0.005, respectively.The results demonstrate that the hemolytic assay is more sensitive than the LFT in determining the presence of hidden RF, and activity of disease correlates well with high hemolytic RF titers.
Histologic assessment of lymphokine‐mediated suppression of chondrocyte glycosaminoglycan synthesis
Authors: Taplits Michael S. , Crissman John D. , Herman Jerome H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn experimental model has been developed to histologically assess the effect of T cell mitogen‐induced lymphokines derived from rabbit splenocytes on proteoglycan matrix depleted auricular cartilage explant glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Explant exposure to lymphokine was shown by light and electron microscopy to significantly suppress chondrocyte glycosaminoglycan regenerative capacity. This inhibitory effect was reversible in that synthetic activity could be restored by placement of explants in control media after as long as 12 days of lymphokine exposure.
Immunofluorescence studies of anti‐t cell antibodies and t cells in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Steinberg Alfred D. , Klassen Lynell W. , Budman Daniel R. , Williams Gary W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and age‐ and sexmatched controls were studied by flow microfluorometry by using SLE anti‐cell antibodies and fluorescein conjugated antibody to human IgM. Brightly staining cells were reduced in a number of patients with active SLE. Analysis of SLE T cells separated on a discontinuous stractin gradient indicated a preferential loss of cells, especially brightly staining cells, from one fraction. Quantitation of this phenomenon indicated that an average of >90% of the brightly staining T cells from that fraction was lost in active SLE. This preferential loss of a subpopulation of T cells in patients with active SLE may be responsible for many of their immunologic abnormalities.
Inhibition of collagen gelation by action of the superoxide radical
Authors: Greenwald Robert A. , Moy Wai W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSuperoxide anion, a highly reactive free radical, was generated in vitro using enriched purified xanthine oxidase. Collagen solutions exposed to superoxide radical failed to gel normally when heated to 37°C. The magnitude of the inhibition of gelation was proportional to duration of exposure and to flux of superoxide. Since inhibition of collagen gelation reflects alteration of collagen biochemistry, and/or collagen degradation, it is suggested that the action of free radicals produced in vivo by leukocytes may adversely affect the structural or functional integrity of cartilage and adjacent joint structures.
The kniest (swiss cheese cartilage) syndrome
Authors: Frayha Rida , Melhem Rafic , Idriss Hassan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA boy with the Kniest (Swiss cheese cartilage) syndrome is reported and the salient features of this rare chondrodystrophy are described. The unique polyarthropathy of this syndrome is characterized by symmetrical bony joint enlargements and fixed flexion contractures significantly contributing to the incapacitating nature of the disease.
Correlation of Serum and Cryoglobulin IgM with Activity, and Serum IgG with Remission
Authors: Steere Allen C. , Hardin John A. , Ruddy Shaun , Mummaw Jon G. , Malawista Stephen E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForty‐eight patients with erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) were studied prospectively for 6 to 18 months. Twenty‐six patients had no later symptoms, but 22 subsequently developed Lyme arthritis and 9 of them also experienced neurologic abnormalities. Eighty‐seven percent of patients with active ECM followed by subsequent involvement had cryoglobulins containing IgM compared to only 13% of those with active ECM and no later symptoms. The former group also had significantly lower IgG, C3, and C4 levels. Sixty‐seven percent of patients still had serum cryoglobulins when neurologic disease was most active, and 45% had them when joint symptoms were most severe, but only 11% continued to have small amounts in remission. The number of patients who continued to have serum cryoglobulins with recurrent attacks of arthritis decreased with time. In contrast, patients always had cryoglobulins in joint fluid, a finding Lyme arthritis shares with rheumatoid arthritis. The cryoprecipitates from 2 of 10 patients contained particles with internal structure, but their viral nature is problematic. All components of antisera obtained from goats and rabbits immunized with cryoglobulins were absorbed by normal human sera. The amount of IgM in cryoglobulins correlated directly with serum IgM, which generally rose during exacerbations and fell during remissions; serum IgG and IgA moved conversely. Thus, IgM was an important correlate of clinical disease activity and IgG of remission.
Increased Antibody‐Dependent Cell‐Mediated Cytotoxicity by Monocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Waytz Paul H. , Douglas Steven D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was studied in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in healthy controls. Three effector cell populations from the peripheral blood were studied which included a mixed mononuclear population, a monocyte‐depleted fraction, and a monocyte‐enriched fraction. The monocyte‐enriched fraction from patients with RA mediated a significantly increased degree of cytotoxicity. Enhanced cytotoxicity was more evident at low effector: target ratios. There was no significant difference in ADCC activity between patient cells and control cells when either the mixed mononuclear population or monocyte‐depleted population was studied as effectors. The enhanced effector function of the peripheral blood monocyte in this system may be further indication that mononuclear phagocytes are “activated” in patients with RA.
Drug acetylation phenotype unrelated to development of spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Morris Richard J. , Freed Curt R. , Kohler Peter F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo ascertain if a genetically determined slow drug acetylation rate is correlated with the development of spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as it is in drug‐induced SLE, acetylation phenotypes of 27 patients with spontaneous SLE were determined after administration of dapsone. Thirty‐three percent were slow acetylators, 63% were rapid acetylators, and one was indeterminate, a distribution not significantly different from that expected in control subjects. Among 4 pairs of first‐degree relatives, all of whom had spontaneous SLE, 7 of the 8 individuals were rapid acetylators. We conclude that people who are slow acetylators are at no greater risk for developing spontaneous SLE than are rapid acetylators and that the slow acetylation phenotype is not correlated with familial SLE.
Quantitative sacroiliac joint scintigraphy
Authors: Ho George , Sadovnikoff Nicholas , Malhotra Chander M. , Claunch Ben C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith quantitative sacroiliac joint scintigraphy (QSS), sacroiliac joint‐to‐sacrum (SIS) ratios ≥1.40 are abnormal for our method. High SIS ratios are associated with roentgenographically appreciated sacroiliitis and with early clinically evident sacroiliitis. Although highly sensitive, QSS abnormalities are not specific for inflammatory sacroiliac (SI) joint disease. High SIS ratios are also seen in rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative abnormalities of the lumbosacral spine, and metabolic bone disorder. Other disorders with roentgenographic SI joint abnormalities must be studied scintigraphically before QSS can be employed as a useful diagnostic test.
Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis with glomerulonephritis and pseudotumor cerebri
Authors: Ludivico Charles L. , Myers Allen R. , Maurer Kenneth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPatients with recurrent urticarial vasculitis associated with arthralgias, abdominal pain, glomerulonephritis, and hypocomplementemia have been recently recognized (1–3). We are reporting a woman with similar multisystem involvement who has developed chronic pseudotumor cerebri. The only previously reported patient with this syndrome complicated by pseudotumor cerebri (4) exhibited the neurologic manifestation as an acute phenomenon only.
Arthritis after frostbite injury in children
Authors: Carrera Guillermo F. , Kozin Franklin , Mccarty Daniel J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo patients who suffered frostbite injury to their hands as children were recently observed. The characteristic clinical and radiographic features of arthritis secondary to frostbite are described. Joint changes may be the result of direct chondrocyte injury during cold exposure. Current theories of the pathogenesis and treatment of frostbite injury are reviewed briefly.
Articular cartilage preservation and storage
Authors: Brighton Carl T. , Shadle Chester A. , Jimenez Sergio A. , Irwni John T. , Lane Joseph M. , Lipton Mitchel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractArticular cartilage slice explants were stored under various conditions, including freezing‐thawing at various rates by using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a cryoprotective agent, incubating in standard tissue culture medium (MEM Eagle:NCTC 135:15% fetal calf serum) in 5% CO2 and air at 4°, 21°, and 37°C, and incubating in standard tissue culture medium containing 200 μg/ml α‐tocopherol (vitamin E) at 37°C after first ascertaining a dose‐response curve of vitamin E. Results indicated that articular cartilage slice explants did not survive freezing or storage at 4° and 21°C as measured by 35S uptake. When stored at 37°C in standard tissue culture in 5% CO2 and air, the slice explants remained viable for up to 60 days. The addition of α‐tocopherol to the medium resulted in significantly less release of previously incorporated 35S in stored cartilage slices and significantly less reduction of the amount of hexosamine present in the stored explants. α‐Tocopherol in the medium also preserved safranin O staining. Thus, the application of tissue culture techniques to the storage of articular cartilage made it possible to preserve cartilage slice explants in a viable, biochemically “normal” state.
Articular cartilage preservation and storage
Authors: Black Jonathan , Shadle Chester A. , Parsons John Russell , Brighton Carl T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMature rabbit articular cartilage in the form of distal femoral condyles, composite osteoarticular structures, were incubated in the presence of α‐tocopherol (200 μg/ml) over a period of time. Indentation testing and 35S uptake indicate preservation of sustained load carrying capacity and viability, respectively, in the presence of α‐tocopherol for up to 30 days in organ culture. Condylar cartilage stored in the absence of α‐tocopherol as well as frozen cartilage demonstrated progressive inability to resist sustained loading over time. Nonoptimal synthetic function apparently occurred in these latter two groups when compared to α‐tocopherol stored material.
Clearance of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in vivo
Authors: Mccarty Daniel J. , Palmer David W. , James Christopher 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clearance rate of isotopically labeled synthetic triclinic calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals injected into rabbit joints was estimated by serial counting. Kinetic analysis using a four compartment model showed that half of the injected dose was cleared from 4 rabbit knee joints in 19.1 ± 0.42 (SEM) days. Profound hypomagnesemia, produced in 2 rabbits with a low magnesium diet, did not affect the rate of crystal clearance detectably. Lavage of joints with solutions known to promote CPPD crystal solubility failed to remove detectable radioactivity. The previous finding of CPPD crystals in synovial phagocytes by electron microscopy, together with the finding of nuclide activity in the synovium and the failure to remove such activity by joint lavage, suggests that endocytosis by synovial cells is an important, effective mechanism controlling the synovial fluid concentration of crystals in patients with CPPD crystal deposition disease.
The mechanism of phenotypic sex differentiation
Authors: Wilson Jean D. , Griffin James E. , George Fredrick W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor the first 2 months of gestation, there is no difference in the development of male and female embryos. Gonadal differentiation then ensues, and the ovary and testis commence to synthesize their characteristic hormones at approximately the same time. The initial secretion of testosterone by the fetal testis and 17β‐estradiol by the fetal ovary appears to be independent of gonadotropin control. If an ovary or no gonad is present, the resulting phenotype is female; thus no gonadal hormones appear to be required for female development. In contrast, two secretions of the fetal testis are responsible for the imposition of the male phenotype. Mullerian regression factor, a poorly characterized peptide hormone, is responsible for suppression of the mullerian ducts, and testosterone accounts for the remainder of male development. The mechanisms by which testosterone causes this differentiative process have been deduced from studies in humans and animals of single gene mutations that interfere with androgen action. Testosterone itself is responsible for virilization of the wolffian ducts into the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles, whereas the testosterone metabolite dihydrotestosterone induces the development of the male urethra and external genitalia. Both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone act by combining in the cell cytosol with a high affinity receptor protein that is translocated to the cell nucleus. In summary, chromosomal sex determines gonadal sex, and gonadal sex in turn dictates phenotypic sex.
Identification of a clinical subset of systemic lupus erythematosus by antibodies to the sm antigen
Authors: Winn Donna M , Wolfe J Frederick , Lindberg Donald A , Fristoe Frank H , Kingsland Larry , Sharp Gordon C 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clinical and renal histologic attributes of 135 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with DNA and/or Sm antibodies were compared to determine if the presence of the Sm antibodies served as a marker for a specific subset of SLE. Although Raynaud's phenomenon was more frequent in patients with Sm antibodies (P < 0.005), serious central nervous system disease was over three times as common in patients with DNA antibodies (P < 0.005). Only one of 23 patients with Sm antibodies had diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis on renal biopsy, whereas 6 of 14 patients with only DNA antibodies had this histologic finding (P = 0.01). The Sm antibody system may therefore identify a subset of SLE patients with milder central nervous system and renal disease.
Studies of serum immunoglobulin binding to synovial fibroblast cell cultures from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Gruhn William B. , Mcduffie Frederic C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing a sensitive 125I‐protein A (PrA) binding assay to detect cell surface IgG, we have studied seven different synovial fibroblast cell cultures from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). When these cultures were incubated in the presence of serum from 18 autologous and allogeneic RA patients (all seropositive), we were unable to detect significant IgG binding. Since IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) can block PrA binding, sera were absorbed with aggregated IgG to remove RF without affecting the results. Similar studies on three cell lines with seven rheumatoid sera were performed by antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. No significant cytotoxicity was observed. Since antibodies to collagen are present in rheumatoid sera, several cultures were incubated with ascorbic acid (12.5 μg/ml) to optimize synthesis of cell surface collagen. These culture conditions did not affect serum immunoglobulin binding by the 125I‐PrA assay. Thus, we can find no evidence for a direct humoral immune mediation of synovial proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis. These data do not support the hypothesis that the inflammatory process within the synovium of RA patients is an immunologic response to a fibroblast‐associated antigen in the synovial membrane.
Deficiency of T cell mediated regulation of anti‐dna production in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Clough John D. , Frank Sheila A. , Calabrese Leonard H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIsolated B cells from normal subjects and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) could be stimulated to produce IgM anti‐DNA with pokeweed mitogen. Normal but not SLE allogeneic T cells abrogated this response. Normal but not SLE autologous T cells promoted a switch from IgM to IgG anti‐DNA production. SLE is characterized by at least two types of immunoregulatory abnormalities: a defect in T suppressor function and a defect in the IgM to IgG switchover.
5‐thiopyridoxine in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical and experimental studies
Authors: Huskisson E. C. , Jaffe I. A. , Scott Jane , Dieppe P. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwelve patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had failed to respond to or developed side effects preventing further use of penicillamine were given 5‐thiopy‐ridoxine (5‐TP). These patients were compared with 48 patients with similar indications randomly assigned to placebo or penicillamine. Both 5‐TP and penicillamine were superior to placebo, and the effectiveness of the two active drugs was similar. Both produced a gradual amelioration of symptoms and signs of the disease accompanied by reduction in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor titer, and immunoglobulins. Nine patients on 5‐TP were able to continue treatment with good control of the disease for at least 18 months. Toxic effects included rashes, proteinuria, loss of taste, and mouth ulcers. Patients who had developed a particular side effect with penicillamine did not necessarily do the same with 5‐TP. This is the second mercaptan compound which has suppressive effects on the clinical and laboratory features of rheumatoid arthritis. Because of their similarities, 5‐TP and penicillamine were studied in various experimental systems in an attempt to find some common biochemical or pharmacologic action. Among the properties studied were the effects on copper, vitamin B6 metabolism, dermal collagen, and mixed disulfide formation. Results with animal models of inflammation were also examined. The only common action was enhancement of the secondary lesions of adjuvant arthritis.
In vitro penicillamine competition for protein‐bound gold(i)
Authors: Schaeffer N. , Shaw C. Frank , Thompson H. O. , Satre R. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe reactions of penicillamine with gold sodium thiomalate (Myochrysine), gold‐albumin complexes, and gold bound to urinary and kidney cytosolic proteins were examined. Large excesses of penicillamine (20 to 100: 1 penicillamine/gold ratios) are required to mobilize significant amounts of protein bound gold. Quantitative comparisons of cysteine and penicillamine displacements of serum albumin bound gold indicate that penicillamine is approximately 5–6 times more effective than cysteine. Uninary gold is observed to be present in low molecular weight and protein bound forms, which exist in a labile chemical equilibrium and can be shifted by addition of penicillamine. These results are discussed in terms of the structure of gold(I)‐penicillamine complexes and the distribution of gold(I) among protein and nonprotein thiol groups. The inappropriateness of using AuCl4− in vitro to study the biochemistry of chrysotherapy agents is delineated.
Hla antigens and rheumatoid arthritis association between hla‐drw4 positivity and igm rheumatoid factor production
Authors: Dobloug Jan H. , Førre Øystein , Kåss Erik , Thorsby Erik 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerologic HLA typing was carried out on 33 seropositive and 15 seronegative patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Association with the DRw4 antigen was found only in seropositive RA (61%, compared with 27% in normal controls; P < 0.05, Fisher's exact test), whereas the antigen had a normal frequency in seronegative RA patients (27%). The serum concentrations of IgM and IgE immunoglobulins were significantly higher in seropositive than in seronegative RA patients (P < 0.01, Mann‐Whitney test), whereas the concentrations of the other immunoglobulin classes and of the complement factors C3 and C4 did not show any significant differences.
Familial chondrocalcinosis
Authors: Rodriguez‐Valverde V. , Tinture T. , Zuñiga M. , Peña J. , Gonzalez A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe first‐degree consanguineous relatives of 46 patients with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease were examined for the presence of articular chondrocalcinosis. In 5 cases the process was familial, with 17 persons in the oldest living generation (mean age 69 ± 7.4) showing radiographic evidence of calcified cartilage. The clinical syndrome was characterized by a female predominance, late onset of symptoms with mild arthritic manifestations, and oligoarticular chondrocalcinosis. These data suggest that the familial type of CPPD crystal deposition disease is more frequent than formerly thought.
Comparison of high and low dose cyclophosphamide therapy in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: James Williams H. , Reading James C. , Ward John R. , O'Brien William M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEighty‐eight patients with active rheumatoid arthritis from 8 Cooperating Clinics were evaluated in a 32‐week controlled, double‐blind trial comparing 150 mg daily to 75 mg cyclophosphamide daily. Improvement in the arthritis was seen in both grops, and there were no important differences between the two treatment groups in any of the 8 variables used to measure disease activity. Untoward effects were also similar for the two groups. These results differ from preliminary results reported earlier.