bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active coexistence of the novel gammaproteobacterial methanotroph ‘Ca.Methylocalor cossyra’ CH1 and verrucomicrobial methanotrophs in acidic, hot geothermal soil
Authors: Liu Changqing , Schmitz Rob A. , Pol Arjan , Hogendoorn Carmen , Verhagen Daniël , Peeters Stijn H. , van Alen Theo A. , Cremers Geert , Mesman Rob A. , Op den Camp Huub J. M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTerrestrial geothermal ecosystems are hostile habitats, characterized by large emissions of environmentally relevant gases such as CO2, CH4, H2S and H2. These conditions provide a niche for chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms. Methanotrophs of the phylum Verrucomicrobia, which inhabit these ecosystems, can utilize these gases and grow at pH levels below 1 and temperatures up to 65°C. In contrast, methanotrophs of the phylum Proteobacteria are primarily found in various moderate environments. Previously, novel verrucomicrobial methanotrophs were detected and isolated from the geothermal soil of the Favara Grande on the island of Pantelleria, Italy. The detection of pmoA genes, specific for verrucomicrobial and proteobacterial methanotrophs in this environment, and the partially overlapping pH and temperature growth ranges of these isolates suggest that these distinct phylogenetic groups could coexist in the environment. In this report, we present the isolation and characterization of a thermophilic and acid‐tolerant gammaproteobacterial methanotroph (family Methylococcaceae) from the Favara Grande. This isolate grows at pH values ranging from 3.5 to 7.0 and temperatures from 35°C to 55°C, and diazotrophic growth was demonstrated. Its genome contains genes encoding particulate and soluble methane monooxygenases, XoxF‐ and MxaFI‐type methanol dehydrogenases, and all enzymes of the Calvin cycle. For this novel genus and species, we propose the name ‘Candidatus Methylocalor cossyra’ CH1.
A winged relative of ice‐crawlers in amber bridges the cryptic extant Xenonomia and a rich fossil record
Authors: Cui Yingying , Bardin Jérémie , Wipfler Benjamin , Demers‐Potvin Alexandre , Bai Ming , Tong Yi‐Jie , Chen Grace Nuoxi , Chen Huarong , Zhao Zhen‐Ya , Ren Dong , Béthoux Olivier 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUntil the advent of phylogenomics, the atypical morphology of extant representatives of the insect orders Grylloblattodea (ice‐crawlers) and Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) had confounding effects on efforts to resolve their placement within Polyneoptera. This recent research has unequivocally shown that these species‐poor groups are closely related and form the clade Xenonomia. Nonetheless, divergence dates of these groups remain poorly constrained, and their evolutionary history debated, as the few well‐identified fossils, characterized by a suite of morphological features similar to that of extant forms, are comparatively young. Notably, the extant forms of both groups are wingless, whereas most of the pre‐Cretaceous insect fossil record is composed of winged insects, which represents a major shortcoming of the taxonomy. Here, we present new specimens embedded in mid‐Cretaceous amber from Myanmar and belonging to the recently described species Aristovia daniili. The abundant material and pristine preservation allowed a detailed documentation of the morphology of the species, including critical head features. Combined with a morphological data set encompassing all Polyneoptera, these new data unequivocally demonstrate that A. daniili is a winged stem Grylloblattodea. This discovery demonstrates that winglessness was acquired independently in Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea. Concurrently, wing apomorphic traits shared by the new fossil and earlier fossils demonstrate that a large subset of the former “Protorthoptera” assemblage, representing a third of all known insect species in some Permian localities, are genuine representatives of Xenonomia. Data from the fossil record depict a distinctive evolutionary trajectory, with the group being both highly diverse and abundant during the Permian but experiencing a severe decline from the Triassic onwards.
Intrauterine exposure to maternal opioid maintenance treatment and associated risk factors may impair child growth
Authors: Kanervo Minna , Luoto Liina , Tupola Sarimari , Nikkola Eeva , Kahila Hanna , Rantakari Krista 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimHow maternal opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) affects children is under‐researched. This population‐based registry study investigated child growth and somatic health following intrauterine exposure to this treatment.MethodsChildren born between 1 March 2011 and 30 May 2021 to mothers who used buprenorphine, buprenorphine‐naloxone, or methadone throughout their pregnancies were followed for 2 years at the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. Appropriate statistical tests were used to compare the treatment groups.ResultsOf the 67 neonates, 52% were male, 96% were born full‐term and 63% were treated for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. Otherwise, the children were predominantly healthy, although relatively small: 22% were small for gestational age, the methadone group children being the smallest. Foetal exposure to maternal methadone treatment, illicit drugs, hepatitis C and smoking were associated with small for gestational age; the former two were also associated with later slower growth, especially head growth and weight gain (p < 0.001). However, 29% were overweight at 2 years.ConclusionUsing child growth as the outcome, we found that buprenorphine‐naloxone and buprenorphine‐monotherapy had equal effects as forms of maternal OMT. Exposure to multiple risk factors may harm foetal and subsequent growth. We recommend long‐term follow‐up of children exposed to maternal OMT.
Child Welfare Workers' Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence and Mandatory Reporting in Norway
Authors: Dahl Silje Louise , Leer‐Salvesen Kjartan , Øvrelid Malene , Vatnar Solveig Karin Bø 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a major criminal, social and public health problem. As one effort to prevent IPV and intimate partner homicide, several countries have adopted legislation requiring professionals to disclose IPV to the authorities (commonly referred to as mandatory reporting). The child welfare service (CWS) is centrally positioned for detecting, reporting and preventing IPV, but there is limited empirical knowledge concerning how the service handles IPV cases or of social workers' awareness of mandatory reporting of IPV. Using qualitative interviews, we explore how CWS workers in Norway describe their discretionary space and mandatory obligations towards adults subjected to IPV. Our findings indicate an inexpedient interplay between understandings of professional mandate and individual responsibility and local routines and organisation and insufficient knowledge about IPV and mandatory reporting. We suggest that a reframing of CWS workers' understanding of their discretionary space is needed to ensure that their individual responsibility towards adults subjected to IPV is understood as part of their mandate. This reframing presupposes structural efforts, such as formal training. We propose further investigations concerning how local organisation and routines either facilitate or interfere with systematic and thorough handling of IPV in families with which the municipal CWS meets.
Prenatal diagnosis, pregnancy determination and follow up of sex chromosome aneuploidy screened by non‐invasive prenatal testing from 122 453 unselected singleton pregnancies: A retrospective analysis of 7‐year experience
Authors: Luo Xiaojin , Liu Weiqiang , Hu Liang , Cong Xiaoyi , Liu Xiaoyi , Niu Hongyan , Zhou Fei , Li Gaochi , Wen Lijuan , Guo Yanyun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe phenotype of SCA patients are diversities, make prenatal counseling and parental decision‐making following the prenatal diagnosis of SCA more complicated and challenging. NIPT has higher sensitivity and specificity in screening trisomy 21 syndrome, but the effectiveness of NIPT in detecting SCA is still controversial. This study is a large‐scale retrospective cohort of positive SCA screened from unselected singleton pregnancies by non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) from a single prenatal center of a tertiary hospital. Clinical information, indications, diagnostic results, ultrasound findings, pregnancy determinations, and follow‐up were reviewed and analyzed. 596 cases of SCA positive were screened out of 122 453, giving a positive detection rate of 0.49%. 510 cases (85.6%) conducted with amniocentesis to detect fetal chromosome, of which 236 were confirmed as true positive of SCA with PPV of 46.3% (236/510). Of the 236 cases confirmed as true positive SCA, 114 cases (48.3%)chose to terminate the pregnancy (93.0%, 65.3%, 15.4% and 10.9% for 45,X, 47,XXY, 47,XXX and 47,XYY, respectively), 122 cases (51.7%) elected to continue the pregnancy. In conclusions, NIPT as a first‐tier routine method for screening autosomal aneuploidies, also could play an important role in screening SCA. Low‐risk pregnant women are the main indication for the detection of SCA as NIPT test provides to non‐selective population. For 47,XXX and 47,XYY with mild phenotype, couples would like to continue the pregnancy. But for 45,X and 47,XXY, parents apt to terminate pregnancy no matter ultrasound abnormalities were found or not.
Delays in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of drug‐resistant epilepsy: A cohort study
Authors: Campbell Justin M. , Yost Samantha , Gautam Diwas , Herich Alysha , Botros David , Slaughter Mason , Chodakiewitz Michael , Arain Amir , Peters Angela , Richards Sindhu , Newman Blake , Johnson Brian , Rahimpour Shervin , Shofty Ben 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveDelay in referral for epilepsy surgery of patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) is associated with decreased quality of life, worse surgical outcomes, and increased risk of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Understanding the potential causes of delays in referral and treatment is crucial for optimizing the referral and treatment process. We evaluated the treatment intervals, demographics, and clinical characteristics of patients referred for surgical evaluation at our level 4 epilepsy center in the U.S. Intermountain West.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent surgery for DRE between 2012 and 2022. Data collected included patient demographics, DRE diagnosis date, clinical characteristics, insurance status, distance from epilepsy center, date of surgical evaluation, surgical procedure, and intervals between different stages of evaluation.ResultsWithin our cohort of 185 patients with epilepsy (99 female, 53.5%), the mean ± standard deviation (SD) age at surgery was 38.4 ± 11.9 years. In this cohort, 95.7% of patients had received definitive epilepsy surgery (most frequently neuromodulation procedures) and 4.3% had participated in phase 2 intracranial monitoring but had not yet received definitive surgery. The median (1st–3rd quartile) intervals observed were 10.1 (3.8–21.5) years from epilepsy diagnosis to DRE diagnosis, 16.7 (6.5–28.4) years from epilepsy diagnosis to surgery, and 1.4 (0.6–4.0) years from DRE diagnosis to surgery. We observed significantly shorter median times from epilepsy diagnosis to DRE diagnosis (p < .01) and epilepsy diagnosis to surgery (p < .05) in patients who traveled further for treatment. Patients with public health insurance had a significantly longer time from DRE diagnosis to surgery (p < .001).SignificanceBoth shorter distance traveled to our epilepsy center and public health insurance were predictive of delays in diagnosis and treatment intervals. Timely referral of patients with DRE to specialized epilepsy centers for surgery evaluation is crucial, and identifying key factors that may delay referral is paramount to optimizing surgical outcomes.
Ruminating on soil carbon: Applying current understanding to inform grazing management
Authors: Stanley Paige L. , Wilson Chris , Patterson Erica , Machmuller Megan B. , Cotrufo M. Francesca 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAmong options for atmospheric CO2 removal, sequestering soil organic carbon (SOC) via improved grazing management is a rare opportunity because it is scalable across millions of globally grazed acres, low cost, and has high technical potential. Decades of scientific research on grazing and SOC has failed to form a cohesive understanding of how grazing management affects SOC stocks and their distribution between particulate (POM) and mineral‐associated organic matter (MAOM)—characterized by different formation and stabilization pathways—across different climatic contexts. As we increasingly look to grazing management for SOC sequestration on grazinglands to bolster our climate change mitigation efforts, we need a clear and collective understanding of grazing management's impact on pathways of SOC change to inform on‐the‐ground management decisions. We set out to review the effects of grazing management on SOC through a unified plant ecophysiology and soil biogeochemistry conceptual framework, where elements such as productivity, input quality, soil mineral capacity, and climate variables such as aridity co‐govern SOC accumulation and distribution into POM and MAOM. To maximize applicability to grazingland managers, we discuss how common management levers that drive overall grazing pattern, including timing, intensity, duration, and frequency can be used to optimize mechanistic pathways of SOC sequestration. We discuss important research needs and measurement challenges, and highlight how our conceptual framework can inform more robust research with greater applicability for maximizing the use of grazing management to sequester SOC.
Morphology of flower bud differentiation and floral organ specialization in Caucasian clover
Authors: Zhang Hui‐min , Wang Ming‐jiu , Hampton John , Rolston Phil , Lucas Richard , Ti Zhong‐hui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFlower bud differentiation is the commencement of plant reproductive development. Flower organ specialization follows flower bud differentiation. This biological mechanism controls whether plants reproduce successfully via seed. Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum) is used in mixed temperate pastures. However, its low natural seed setting rate contributes to a low seed yield. This study aimed to elucidate how the reproductive biology of Caucasian clover could affect seed production. Caucasian clover flower bud differentiation and flower organ development were systematically examined. Flower bud differentiation has six consecutive stages: pre‐differentiation, differentiation of the inflorescence, the floret, the perianth, the stamen, and finally the pistil primordium. The anther has two chambers. Pollen grains have six development phases: the tetraspore, early‐uninucleate, late‐uninucleate, vegetative cell and germ‐cell form, binucleate, and maturation phase. The microspore tetrad is tetrahedral, and the mature pollen grains are bicellular. Pollen grain viability was found 35%. The Caucasian clover monocarpelate ovary contains 1–2 ovules that are covered with a 2‐layer integument. The ovule is anatropous. The embryo sac development type is a polygonum. The floral formula is “⚥↑K(5) C1+1+2 A(9)+1 G(1:1:1−2)”. These genetic traits of two pollen sacs and low viability pollen grains may be responsible for the low natural seed setting. Poor seed setting may also be due to embryo sac dysplasia that leads to ovule sterility. Therefore, the breeding aim should be to improve pollen viability, to decrease embryo sac dysplasia and to reduce embryo abortion that could be targeted for genetic improvement to enhance seed yields.
Source Dependence in Effort Provision
Authors: Chen Yiting , Zhong Songfa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe examine source dependence in the setting of effort provision. Our first experiment elicits preference over uncertain piece rate schemes to perform a real‐effort task. Our second experiment elicits effort after receiving an uncertain gift. We vary the probability of winning and the familiarity of natural sources of uncertainty. We show that subjects are averse to unfamiliar sources for moderate or high probability, but less so for low probability. Moreover, effort exhibits more insensitivity to the probability under the unfamiliar source compared with the familiar source. Our findings support the validity and generalizability of source dependence in applied settings.
Anxiety, depression, and alcohol use disorder in dermatologists: relationship with burnout and associated risk factors
Authors: Soto‐Moreno Alberto , Martínez‐López Antonio , Sánchez‐Díaz Manuel , Martínez‐García Eliseo , Buendía‐Eisman Agustín , Arias‐Santiago Salvador 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBurnout syndrome is a mental health condition related to chronic occupational stress; its prevalence, as well as its relationship with other mental health disorders in physicians, has become a topic of growing interest. However, no studies with large sample sizes evaluate this association in dermatologists. With this background, a cross‐sectional study was designed, which included 420 Spanish dermatologists; the mean age was 44.5 years (12.39), and 62% (260/420) were women. Eleven percent (45/420) of the participants presented a moderate risk of burnout, more than half of the sample had at least one of the burnout symptoms, 47% (198/420) had some degree of anxiety, and 20.3% (85/420) presented some degree of depression. Less than 1% (4/420) demonstrated a high risk of alcohol use disorder. Being female was associated with a higher risk of depression and anxiety. Meanwhile, men and residents showed an increasedrisk of alcohol use disorder. Burnout and its domains showed a significative association with depression and anxiety, while no relationship with alcohol abuse was observed.
A retrospective cohort study of the impact of COVID‐19 infection control measures on surgical site infections in an academic hospital setting
Authors: Teymourian Houman , ArianNik Mohsen , Mohit Babak , Massoudi Nilofar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrevious studies show that both the frequency of surgeries and incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) have been lower during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. This study's purpose is to analyse the possible association of the COVID‐19 epidemic‐related increased health measures, such as protective equipment and products, increased hand hygiene and restrictions imposed, on the incidence of SSIs in an academic medical centre. We designed a single‐centre, retrospective cohort study and collected data on the frequency of surgeries and the incidence of SSIs, among patients who had surgeries pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 pandemic. Besides the intervention and outcome variable, we sought information on patient gender, surgery type, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and type II diabetes mellitus. We used Wald 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and the p values of the odds ratio (OR) to report results. Of the N = 24 098 surgeries performed in this hospital, there were 269 patients who reported post‐surgical SSIs in this hospital between March 2019 and March 2021. The OR of developing a post‐surgical SSI was 0.40 (95% CI: 0.33–0.57, p < 0.05; adjusted for confounders 0.39 [95% CI: 0.30–0.52, p < 0.05]) among patients who had surgery under post‐pandemic infection control measures, as compared to patients who had surgery under pre‐pandemic usual care infection control measures. Our significant results conclude that an association may exist between the enhanced infection control measures used during the COVID‐19 pandemic and lower incidence of SSIs we observed during this period.
RETRACTED: Effect of passive versus active abdominal drainage on wound infection after pancreatectomy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Han Yanchun , Wu Zuowei , Song Jiafan , Zhang Qiang , Wei Lijuan , Lu Huimin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFollowing pancreatic resection, there may be a variety of complications, including wound infection, haemorrhage, and abdominal infection. The placement of drainage channels during operation may decrease the chances of postoperative complications. However, what kind of drainage can decrease the rate of postoperative complications is still a matter of debate. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of both active and passive drainage for post‐operation wound complications. From the beginning of the database until November 2023, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and the Pubmed database have been searched. The two authors collected 2524 related studies from 3 data bases for importation into Endnote software, and 8 finished trials were screened against the exclusion criteria. Passive drainage can decrease the incidence of superficial wound infection in postoperative patients with pancreas operation (Odds Ratio [OR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.06–1.60 p = 0.01); No statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of deep infections among the two groups (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.68–3.36 p = 0.31); No statistical significance was found for the rate of haemorrhage after active drainage on the pancreas compared with that of passive drainage (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.29–1.77 p = 0.47); No statistically significant difference was found in the rate of death after operation for patients who had received a pancreas operation in active or passive drainage (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.57–1.42 p = 0.65); On the basis of existing evidence, the use of passive abdominal drainage reduces postoperative surface wound infections in patients. But there were no statistically significant differences in the risk of severe complications, haemorrhage after surgery, or mortality. However, because of the limited sample size of this meta‐analysis, it is necessary to have more high‐quality research with a large sample size to confirm the findings.
Immediate implant placement with immediate or delayed provisionalization in the maxillary aesthetic zone: A 10‐year randomized trial
Authors: Donker Vincent J. J. , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Slagter Kirsten W. , Hentenaar Diederik F. M. , Vissink Arjan , Meijer Henny J. A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo compare the marginal bone level of immediately placed implants, with either immediate or delayed provisionalization (IP or DP), in the maxillary aesthetic zone after 10 years of function.Materials and MethodsParticipants with a failing tooth in the maxillary aesthetic zone were randomly assigned to immediate implant placement with either IP (n = 20) or DP (n = 20) after primary wound closure with a free gingival graft. The final restoration was placed 3 months after provisionalization. The primary outcome was change in marginal bone level. In addition, implant survival, restoration survival and success, peri‐implant tissue health, mucosa levels, aesthetic indices, buccal bone thickness and patient satisfaction were evaluated.ResultsAfter 10 years, the mean mesial and distal changes in marginal bone level were −0.47 ± 0.45 mm and −0.49 ± 0.52 mm in the IP group and −0.58 ± 0.76 mm and −0.41 ± 0.72 mm in the DP group (p = .61; p = .71). The survival rate was 100% for the implants; for the restorations, it was 88.9% in the IP group and 87.5% in the DP group. Restoration success, according to modified USPHS criteria, was 77.8% in the IP group and 75.0% in the DP group. The prevalence of peri‐implant mucositis was 38.9% and 35.7% and of peri‐implantitis 0.0% and 6.3%, respectively, in the IP group and DP group (p = 1.0; p = .40). The Pink Esthetic Score and White Esthetic Score was 15.28 ± 2.32 in the IP group and 14.64 ± 2.74 in the DP group, both clinically acceptable (p = .48). The buccal bone thickness was lower in the DP group. Patient satisfaction was similar in both groups (p = .75).ConclusionsThe mean marginal bone level changes after immediate implant placement with IP were similar to those after immediate placement with DP.Clinical Trial RegistrationRegistered in the National Trial Register (NL9340).