bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased fitness and plasticity of an invasive species in its introduced range: a study using Senecio pterophorus
Authors: Caño L. , Escarré J. , Fleck I. , Blanco‐Moreno J.M. , Sans F.X. 
Published: March 2008

Summary

When a plant species is introduced into a new range, it may differentiate genetically from the original populations in the home range. This genetic differentiation may influence the extent to which the invasion of the new range is successful. We tested this hypothesis by examining Senecio pterophorus, a South African shrub that was introduced into NE Spain about 40 years ago. We predicted that in the introduced range invasive populations would perform better and show greater plasticity than native populations.
Individuals of S. pterophorus from four Spanish (invasive) and four South African (native) populations were grown in Catalonia, Spain, in a common garden in which disturbance and water availability were manipulated. Fitness traits and several ecophysiological parameters were measured.
The invasive populations of S. pterophorus survived better throughout the summer drought in a disturbed (unvegetated) environment than native South African populations. This success may be attributable to the lower specific leaf area (SLA) and better water content regulation of the invasive populations in this treatment.
Invasive populations displayed up to three times higher relative growth rate than native populations under conditions of disturbance and non‐limiting water availability.
The reproductive performance of the invasive populations was higher in all treatments except under the most stressful conditions (i.e. in non‐watered undisturbed plots), where no plant from either population flowered.
The results for leaf parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements suggested that the greater fitness of the invasive populations could be attributed to more favourable ecophysiological responses.
Synthesis. Spanish invasive populations of S. pterophorus performed better in the presence of high levels of disturbance, and displayed higher plasticity of fitness traits in response to resource availability than native South African populations. Our results suggest that genetic differentiation from source populations associated with founding may play a role in invasion success.
The Unique Localization of ZFP185 at Uropod of Mouse T Lymphocytes
Authors: Wang N. , Zhang J.‐S. , Zheng Q. , Zhao Y. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractZinc finger protein 185 (ZFP185), which contains a conservative Lin‐l 1, Isl‐1 and Mec‐3 (LIM) domain at its C‐terminus, is a member of mouse LIM protein family. Although brahma‐related gene 1(BRG1), the upstream regulation gene of ZFP185, is essential in the development and activation of T lymphocytes, there is no report on the involvement of ZFP185 in lymphocyte activation. The expression of ZFP185 protein was up‐regulated significantly in T lymphocytes during their activation by phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA)/ionomycin, compared with non‐activated T lymphocytes, as determined by western blot assays. However, over‐expression of ZFP185 in EL4 cells showed no significant effect on the cell proliferation. Importantly, expression of ZFP185‐enhanced green fluorescent protein fusion protein in EL4 cells showed that ZFP185 uniquely localized in the uropod of lymphocytes as observed with a two‐photon laser scanning confocal microscope. The direct interaction between ZFP185 and actin was supported by co‐immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays. The special distribution of ZFP185 in uropod indicates the potential involvement of ZFP185 in T‐cell morphology and movement.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BIRTH ORDER AND AGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SIBS AS OBSERVED IN DRAWINGS OF PREKINDERGARTEN CHILDREN
Authors: Abe K. , Teuji K. , Suzuki H. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe draw‐a‐man test was performed on 348 children within 10 days of their third birthday, and the results were tested by Fisher's z‐test to see if there is any significant difference according to the birth order.The score for the later‐born children were found to be significantly superior to those of the first‐born.For the second‐born children. the test ratings have been correlated with the age difference which separates them from the older sibling. The average score was higher in those with less than 31/2 years' spacing. As the age difference increases, the average score approaches that of the first‐born.The results seem to indicate that in some field of the child's activity and its progress, the influence of an older sibling is remarkable and the influence is more effective if the age difference is small.
EFFECT OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES ISOLATED FROM ‘MATATABI’ ON THE EEG OF CAT
Authors: Yoshii N. , Hano K. , Suzuki Y. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe authors examined the effects of three components of ‘Matatabi’ extract, beta‐phenylethylalcohol, actinidine and ‘Matatabi’‐lactone isolated by Sakan, Fujino, Murai et al. on cats, dogs, rabbits and rats.1) The minimal effective dosss in the intravenous injection were on Beta‐phenylethylalcohol: 10‐‐3, actinidine: 10‐‐6, and ‘Matatabi’‐lactone: 10‐‐4, for each.2) The beta‐phenylethylalcohol and actinidine have salivary effects similar to that of pilocarpine, when they were given per os. (‘Matatabi’‐lactone was not tested on salivary effect.)3) The three ‘Matatabi’ components had no effect on respiration but slightly lowered the blood pressure through the vagal nerves. The blood pressure effect was abolished by vagotomy and atropine.4) These three substances had similar effects on the EEGs regardless of the route of administration: intravenous injection, micro‐injection into the subcortical structures and cortical application, though minimal effective doses were different from each other. The data suggest that they influence first the electrical activities of the limbic system (hippocampus, amygdaloid) and thgn the hypothalamus, reticular formation, specific and non‐specific nuclei of the thalamus, caudate nucleus, and last the cortex to induce single spikes. Sometimes seizure discharges were produced in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, reticular formation and in other structures independently or synchronously.5) By large doses basic waves disappeared from the cortex and subcortex (flat EEG), and were replaced by synchronous spikes with intrinsic frequency.6) In the early stage spindles appeared in the cortex and subcortex (specific and non‐specific nuclei of the thalamus, hippocampus and reticular formation). When sharp waves appeared in the cortex and subcortical structures, spindle bursts of spikes readily followed them (evoked spindles).7) The 3 or 6 per second waves burst, 4–6 and/or 9–14 per second positive spikes and hypsarhythmia were sometimes seen in the cortex.8) Atropine abolished all these abnormal EEG's. Nembuthal depressed the EEG flat but didn't affect the spikes or sharp waves produced by the ‘Matatabi’ components.9) It is suggested that the ‘Matatabi’ components act on the cholinergic neurons in the brain, especially in the limbic system, hypothalamus, reticular formation and thalamic nuclei, that those neurons in the pontine and medullar reticular formation, when stimulated, make the EEG flat to readily induce the intrinsic rhythms, and those in the cortex and thalamus build up waves 6 per second waves burst, 6 and/or 14 positive spikes, and those, when irregularly stimulated, are ready to produce hypsarhythmia.10) Cholinergic neuron system in the brain are suggested by the figures 12 and 13 got by the micro‐injection and cortical application of these ‘Matatabi’ components.
THE EFFECT OF β‐HYDROXY‐γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID ON CEREBRAL ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Minobe Kimpei 
Published: March 2008

Summary1) A remarkable decrease in the amplitude of both negative and positive slow components of direct cortical response (DCR) was found following topical application of GABOB.2) Negative slow component of the transcallosal response (TCR) was suppressed but the positive slow component was not changed. GABOB applied to a cortical region under the stimulating electrode did not show any effect on the TCR.3) A pronounced decrease in the amplitude of the negative component and a slight suppression of the positive component in the cortical somatosensory evoked potential were induced by topical application of GABOB.4) Reductions of the amplitude of the thalamic somatosensory relay muclei (VPL) and of both negative and positive components in the cortical sensory evoked potential was caused by injection of GABOB into VPL.5) The intravenously applied GABOB (5% solution, 1 ml) to the deeply anesthetized animals (with 100 mg/kg of pentobabitone) produced a decrease in the amplitude of the cortical evoked potentials. This was identical to that produced by topically applied GABOB.6) From the above results, it was elucidated that the inhibitory action of GABOB may affect the activities of the thalamus as well as the superficial cortex.7) The inhibitory action of GABOB upon the synaptic transmission of the evoked potentials was discussed.
BRAIN ABSCESS DUE TO HORMODENDRUM DERMATITIDIS (KANO) CONANT, 1953 —Report of a Case and Review of the Literature—
Authors: Shimazono Yasuo , Isaki Kiminori , Torii Hosaku , Otsuka Ryosaku , Fukushiro Hyoichi 
Published: March 2008

Summary1. A caw of brain abscess due to Hormodendrum dermatitidis was reported. The patient, 30 years of age, had a rather rapid onset of the disease with headache, left hemiplegia, meningeal signs and slight clouding of consciousness, which were further aggravated till her death 85 days after the onset.2. Autopsy revealed a number of dark greenish‐brown or dark‐red nodules, the size af the little‐finger tip or smaller, which were found around the basilar arteries, in the cisterna basalis and on both sides of the occipital and parietal lobes. On sectioning, many similar greenish‐ to dark‐brown mftening foci, some of which were irregularly coalescent, were found in the white substance of the right frontal and left temporal lobes, and in several areas of the basal ganglia.3. These nodules consisted of numerous fungal elements and surrounding suppurative exudates. Some of the discolored necrotic foci were composed of fungal elements with little cell reactions; some others showed abscess formations filled with suppurative exsudates and fungal elements surrounded by granulation tissues.4. The fungus, Homcdendrum dermatitidis (Kano) Conant, 1953, has never been recorded as the cause of chromoblastomycosis of the central nervous system, except that in the present case.5. Twenty‐three cases of brain chromoblastomycosis, including ours, were briefly reviewed. Clinical features and pathological findings of this disease were discussed.
EEG STUDIES ON CEREBRAL CIRCULATORY DISTUR‐BANCES IN MAN
Authors: Wada Toyoji , Ohnuma Teiichi , Ohsawa Takeshi 
Published: March 2008

SummaryCarotid compression was applied to 84 cases and EEG record thereof was taken. At the same time, the changes of the instantaenous values and integrated values were traced with the use of 2‐channel simultaneous automatic frequency analyser. In addition, a polygraphic observation was made by means of plethy‐smogram, cardiogram, cardio‐tachogram, pneumatogram, electro‐myogram, and eye‐ball movement. Of 84 cases, 53 had clinically diagnosed to have cerebral circulatory disorders, 21 without it, and as to the other 11 cases, no diagnostic determination was possible. Further, there was normal control group consisted of 10 persons.Under the carotid compression test, in the EEG of 21 out of 53 cases with cerebral circulatory disturbance, the slow waves of 1.5–5 c/s and 50–100 μV appeared, while no such phenomenon was observable in the group without the said abnormality. The result of EEG‐analysis shows that during the appearance of the slow waves, α‐band diminished and both θ‐and δ‐bands extended. Variance was seen between the normal control group and the group with the disturbance with reference to the transition of these three bands. In general, the blood pressure was lowered and the pulsation slowed down. Upon the cessation of the pressure application, all recovered the normal state.
CONVERGENCE OF THALAMIC AND SENSORY AFFERENT IMPULSES TO SINGLE NEURONS IN THE CORTICAL ASSOCIATION AREA OF CATS
Authors: Shimazono Yasuo , Torii Hosaku , Endo Masaomi , Ihara Shun'ichi , Narukawa Hiroshi , Matsuda Miki 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAn observation was made to ascertain that the thalamic and sensory impulses converge to the neurons of the gyrus suprasylvius medius of the cats either unanesthetized or under chloralose anesthesia (over 30 mg/kg). The starting portions of the impulses whose convergence could be ascertained are as follows:In unanesthetized animals —i) specific thalamic nuclei (association nuclei) and non‐specific thalamic nuclei, ii) specific nuclei (association nuclei) and the retina, iii) non‐specific thalamic nuclei and the retina, iv) bilateral sciatic nerves, bilateral radial nerves, and the retina, v) bilateral sciatic nerves, bilateral radial nerves, the retina, and (ipsilateral) thalamic sensory relay nuclei.In chloralose anesthetized animals— i) bilateral sciatic nerves, bilateral radial nerves, and the retina, ii) bilateral sciatic nerves, bilateral radial nerves, the retina, and the cerebral cortex (somatosensory area or visual area).Compared with the unanesthetized state, larger number of neurons respond to sensory stimulation with well‐detectable discharges but the mode of the discharges is, to some extent, uniform, showing little variance according to the delivered stimuli under chloralose anesthesia.
PROXIMAL OCCLUSION OR STENOSIS OF THE AXTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY—A Clinical Study of Five Casee —
Authors: Sakamoto Yoshio 
Published: March 2008

SummaryFive cases of proximal occlusion and stenosis of the anterior cerebral artery being examined by the bilateral angiographic studies are reported. One case is non‐paralytic and four cases are paralytic. In the paralytic group three fourth of the cases involved upper‐extremities.The cases with a rather long history and remarkable dilatation of lateral ventricle show clinically psychiatric symptoms, such as dementia and confusion, but the case with a rather short history shows no ventricle dilatation.The bilateral carotid angiograms with each contralateral carotid compression are needed for exact diagnosis and also differentiation of the occlusion and the stenosis of the proximal portion of anterior cerebral artery.Proximal occlusion and stenosis of the anterior cerebral artery were discussed with five cases and the references.
“EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON CEREBRO‐HEPATIC RELATIONSHIP — EFFECTS OF SEVERAL CONDITIONS ON ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN RAT LIVER AND BRAIN, AND ON ESTROGEN INACTIVATION IN RAT LIVER —”
Authors: Nomura Junichi , Maeda Masanori , Nakazawa Kinya , Hatotani Noboru 
Published: March 2008

Summary1. Due to liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride, the activities of GPT, GOT, arginase, tryptophan pyrrolase and δ4‐‐3‐ketosteroid reductase in rat liver and the ability of rat liver to inactivate estrogen decreased, while the activities of GPT and GOT in the brain were inversely increased. Decrease in the activities of GPT, GOT and arginase in the liver and the ability of the liver to inactivate estrogen were also to be brought on by forced running or immobilization.2. LSD increased the activity of hexokinase in the brain, but it had no effect on the enzyme activities of the liver or on estrogen inactivation by the liver.3. Stress conditions such as forced running, immobilization, exposure to cold, and the administration of chlorpromazine significantly increased the activity of tryptophan pyrrolase in rat liver. Removal of the adrenals did not affect the increase of enzyme activity, but ‘hypophysectomy’ completely abolished the enzyme induction.
PSEUDO‐FROHLICH'S SYNDROME, A CLINICAL STUDY OF THREE CASES
Authors: Kawakita Yukio , Sakamoto Yoshio , Shinohara Sadao 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThree cases of Pseudo‐Frohlich's syndrome are reported, among whom two are siblings of a consanguine marriage. In both families, strong inheritance of morbid traits is found including neuropsychiatric disorders. The pathogenesis of the development of obesity is discussed in connection with hyperphagia, a disorder of feeding behavior, which is suspected to be caused by a hereditary functional disorder of the hypothalamus as suggested by the abnormal E.E.G. findings.
A NEW APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF GLOSSO‐PHARYNGEAL NEURALGIA, USING THE GREAT AURICULAR NERVE BLOCK
Authors: Aoki Hideo , Tokunaoa Yuko 
Published: March 2008

SummaryTwo cases of glossopharyngeal neuralgia (oropharyngeal type) were treated successfully by means of either anesthetic block or section of the great auricular nerve respectively. Pain was relieved completely and no recurrence has been observed for the 5 and 3 years following the treatment.The intracranial section of the ninth cranial nerve has been thought to be the preferred method of treating this disease. The great auricular nerve block was introduced by us in this field and two sites of the effect of this treatment were clarified by the clinical and experimental studies: (1) the peripheral sensory overlap over the upper cervical nerves and the ninth cranial nerve was demonstrated in the pharyngeal region, and (2) intraspinal connection of these nerves might exist in the upper cervical segment. Therefore, it was revealed that the nerves relating to the mechanism of the pain in this disease were not only the ninth cranial nerve but also the upper cervical nerves.In our opinion all cases of glossopharyngeal neuralgia should be treated by this procedure at first, because of the following reasons: (1) simplicity of the method, (2) no side effect is observed and (3) the effect of this treatment can be estimated confidently to occur several minutes after the nerve block. Therefore, more complicated treatment should be applied to the case without any favorable effect following this procedure.
THE CORRELATION OF PAIN RELIEF, NEUROLOGICAL SIGN, EEG AND ANATOMICAL LESION SITES IN PAIN PATIENTS TREATED BY STEREOTAXIC THALAMOTOMY
Authors: Tsubokawa Takashi 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe clinical syndromes are described on the basis of an anatomical correlation in nine patients who have had stereotaxic thalamotomy for the relief of intractable pain. The cases who have bilateral lesions in the ventroposterior parts of CEM get excellent pain relief without any kind of serious complication. The case who has lesions in the VPM is characterized by sensory loss with temporary pain relief. However, bilateral lesion group is characterized by psychiatric syndrome and slow wave bursts in EEG. The Pf‐pretectal lesion group has serious complications which include unconsciousness, extrapyramidal motor effect and slow wave bursts in EEG.This result indicates that the ventroposterior parts of CEM have an important role in perceiving pain sensation but have not chief role in maintaining consciousness and altering EEG. To make lesion of the bilateral CEM is most suitable operation in order to relief of intractable pain caused by malignant tumor.
STUDIES ON RADIOISOTOPE DIAGNOSIS OF BRAIN TUMORS
Authors: Shimazaki Motoyoshi 
Published: March 2008

Summary 99mTc in the pertechnetate form produces little internal radiation and as the mCi dose may be large, a sharp tumor picture with scanning is possible.Comparing this with 203Hg‐chlormerodrin in phantom and clinical studies, of 47 histologically verified brain tumors, 203Hg‐chlormerodrin demonstrated 21 out of 39 cases, a 54% diagnosis rate, while 99mTc clarified 11 out of 13, or 85%. Local findings in serial angiography were seen in 40 of 47 cases, 85%. Three cases with no angio‐graphic findings gave a positive scan. The extent of some tumors only partially visualized through angiography was determined by scanning.
Statistical Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Based on Autopsied Cases in Japan*
Authors: SHIBASAKI Hiroshi , KUROIWA Yoshigoro 
Published: March 2008

Summary

40 autopsied cases of demyelinating diseases in Japan were classified, based on autopsy findings, into three groups; 18 cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) group, 13 cases of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) group and 9 cases of intermediate form.
The clinical features were compared in the MS and NMO groups by Chi square test.
By “component analysis”, it was shown that the MS and NMO groups could be discriminated clinically with high reliability.
In the component analysis, disturbance of consciousness, emotional disturbance, bulbar signs and incoordination were the significant items for the MS group, and onset with fever or infection, bilateral simultaneous visual impairment and infection in the past history for the NMO group.
(5) The component analysis was proved to be applicable in the clinical differentiation of MS and NMO.
EEG Activation with Dimefline Hydrochloride*
Authors: KAZAMATSURI Hajime 
Published: March 2008

Summary

Dimefline hydrochloride (3‐methyl‐7 ‐ methoxy‐8‐dimethylaminomethylflavone hydrochloride) was administered intravenously to forty‐seven patients to examine its EEG activating effect. The patients were twenty‐two epileptics and twenty‐five non‐epileptics which had normal resting EEG before activation. Dimefline was injected at the rate of 0.02 mg/kg per minute with 0.04% aqueous solution up to 8 mg.
In thirteen out of twenty‐two epileptic patients (59%) the provocation of paroxysmal discharges, including spikes, were obtained within 8 mg. Clinical seizures were elicited in five patients almost immediately after the appearance of paroxysms in EEG. In twenty‐five non‐epileptic patients, five cases (20%) showed paroxysmal discharges. The activated paroxysms were centrence‐phalic spike and wave complex in the most cases. The remarkable changes of background activities were never observed during activation.
The activating effect of Dimefline was compared with that of Metrazol in nine patients, and 8 mg of Dimefline was proved to have an EEG activating potency approximately identical to that of 400 mg of Metrazol. The side effects induced by intravenous administration of Dimefline were more rare and more slight than in cases of Metrazol.
From the results obtained, the author confirmed the EEG activating effect of Dimefline hydrochloride available for the exact EEG diagnosis of epileptic disorders. Its clinical application as an EEG activator, however, should be done with prudent precautions because of the narrow margin between the threshold of seizure discharges and that of clinical attacks.
Three cases of Acute Diffuse Lymphocytic Meningo‐encephalitis
Authors: ISHINO Hiroshi , MOTOIKE Mitsuo , OKUMA Teruo , Mil Takashi , TATEISHI Jun , HAYASHI Yasuaki , ISHIGAKI Kazuhiko , YAMANE Norikuni , HIGASHI Susumu , INOUE Shigeru 
Published: March 2008

SummaryClinical and pathological descriptions were made on the three cases of acute diffuse lymphocytic meningo‐encephalitis.Clinical pictures of all cases were super‐posable in almost all respects: acute onset of the illness, meningeal symptom such as headache and vomiting, convulsions, con‐fusional state and psychomotor restlessness which necessitated all patients being admitted to the psychiatric clinic. Pressure of CSF was elevated in two cases and pleo‐cytosis was noted. After the clinical course of about 4 weeks the patients died.Morphological picture of three cases was very slight in comparison with severe clinical symptoms and consisted of perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in the frontal, temporal and parietal cortex and a very slight microglial response as well as the involvement of meninges. In Case 1 glial nodules were noted in the midbrain and pons. These changes were milder in Case 2 and Case 3 than in Case 1.The diagnostic problems and the anatomical findings were discussed and it was suggested that our three cases were primary encephalitis.