bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of water‐extractable arabinopolymers in bread and durum wheat and the effect of water‐extractable arabinoxylan on durum dough rheology and spaghetti cooking quality
Authors: Turner Matthew A , Soh Cindy HN , Ganguli Nishath K , Sissons Mike J 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Information on the variation in water‐extractable arabinopolymers (WEAP) in durum wheat and their impact on pasta quality is limited. A survey of the content of WEAP in selected bread wheat varieties and durum wheat was conducted and the influence of water‐extractable arabinoxylans (WEAX) on dough and spaghetti quality was examined by fortifying low‐WEAP durum semolina with purified WEAX.RESULTS: Bread wheat typically possessed higher levels of WEAP than durum wheat, but the latter had a greater range. Purified WEAX was extracted from bread wheat cultivar Sunlin which possessed a high level of WEAP. The extract was used to fortify semolina (0.125–2% w/w) derived from durum wheat variety Tamaroi (low WEAP). Fortification caused a near linear increase in farinograph water absorption of approximately 12% over the range of addition, leading to dough weakening. Reduced cooked pasta stickiness was observed at all levels of WEAX addition.CONCLUSION: Increased WEAX content may be a means to improve pasta quality by reducing pasta stickiness. Durum wheat showed a wide range of WEAP contents, and this may well be exploited by developing cultivars with elevated WEAP levels. © 2008 Crown in the Right of the State of New South Wales and Society of Chemical Industry.
PrLZ expression is associated with the progression of prostate cancer LNCaP cells
Authors: Li Lei , Zhang Dong , Zhang Linlin , Zhu Guodong , Sun Yi , Wu Kaijie , Wang Xinyang , He Dalin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPrLZ is a novel recent isolated gene and specific expression in prostate tissues. PrLZ expression was specifically elevated in prostate embryonic tissues and androgen independent prostate cancer cells, suggesting it might be association with the embryonic development and malignancy progression. However, the function and mechanism of PrLZ during the progression of prostate cancer remain blurred. Our present studies showed PrLZ expression might enhance the proliferation and invasion capability in vitro and also increase the tumorigenicity in situ prostate cancer animal model, which is indicated PrLZ expression contributed to the malignancy progression of prostate cancer. In addition, PrLZ also might up regulate androgen receptor (AR) expression and increase the PSA expression, a putative downstream target gene of AR, which indicated PrLZ mediated the malignancy progression of prostate cancer was associated with androgen signals. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A phenomenon of waiting time in phase change problems driven by radiative heat transfer
Authors: Fasano A. , Mancini A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn the paper (J. Food Process Eng. 2008; in press) we emphasized that during a phase change process in which the heat input is driven by a radiation transfer mechanism, a peculiar phenomenon may occur, characterized by a temporary stop of the increase of the boundary temperature due to a sudden change of the heat transfer coefficient upon phase transition. This time interval is needed to allow the thermal properties of the surface to evolve toward a state that is compatible with the heat intake rate corresponding to the new phase.The occurrence of the waiting time is motivated and studied for a general one‐dimensional Stefan problem. Then an application is presented to the much complicated problem considered in (J. Food Process Eng. 2008; in press), namely, the model for frying process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multistep correlations via covariance processing of COSY/GCOSY spectra: opportunities and artifacts
Authors: Martin Gary E. , Hilton Bruce D. , Blinov Kirill A. , Williams Antony J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLong‐range homonuclear coupling pathways can be observed in COSY or GCOSY spectra by the acquisition of spectra with larger numbers of increments of the evolution period, t1, than would normally be used. Alternatively, covariance processing of COSY‐type spectra acquired with modest numbers of t1 increments, allows the observation of multistage correlations. In this work results obtained from covariance‐processed GCOSY spectra are fully analyzed and compared to normally processed COSY and 80 ms TOCSY spectra. Multistage or ‘RCOSY‐type’ correlations are observed when remote protons both exhibit correlations to the same coupling partner e.g. A → B and B → C gives rise to an A → C correlation. In the strict sense, RCOSY‐type responses are artifacts albeit providing useful information. Nonbeneficial artifact correlations are observed when protons couple to other protons that overlap or partially overlap. The origin of artifact responses is also analyzed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure elucidation and NMR spectral assignment of five new xanthones from the bark of Garcinia xanthochymus
Authors: Chen Yu , Zhong Fangfang , He Hongwu , Hu Yun , Zhu Dan , Yang Guangzhong 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFive new xanthones, namely Garcinexanthones A–E (1–5), were isolated from the barks of Garcinia xanthochymus. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis, primarily NMR, MS, and UV. The complete assignments of the 1H NMR and 13C NMR chemical shifts for the compounds were achieved by using 1D and 2D NMR techniques, including DEPT, HSQC, and HMBC NMR experiments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inclusion complexes of cryptophane–E with dichloromethane and chloroform: A thermodynamic and kinetic study using the 1D‐EXSY NMR method
Authors: Aski Sahar Nikkhou , Takacs Zoltan , Kowalewski Jozef 
Published: September 2008

AbstractComplexation equilibria and kinetics of exchange of chloroform and dichloromethane molecules between the cavity of cryptophane‐E and bulk solution were investigated using NMR methods. Using one‐dimensional magnetization transfer (1D‐EXSY type sequence), chemical exchange rates were measured in different temperature ranges, limited by the equilibrium constant values of the complexes and the boiling points of the guest substances. From the kinetic data, activation energies were calculated using the Arrhenius equation. From the temperature‐dependence of the association constant data, the enthalpy and entropy of complexation were estimated and compared with values for similar complexes of other cryptophanes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fourth‐order method for numerical integration of age‐ and size‐structured population models
Authors: Iannelli Mimmo , Kostova Tanya , Milner Fabio Augusto 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn many applications of age‐ and size‐structured population models, there is an interest in obtaining good approximations of total population numbers rather than of their densities. Therefore, it is reasonable in such cases to solve numerically not the PDE model equations themselves, but rather their integral equivalents. For this purpose quadrature formulae are used in place of the integrals. Because quadratures can be designed with any order of accuracy, one can obtain numerical approximations of the solutions with very fast convergence. In this article, we present a general framework and a specific example of a fourth‐order method based on composite Newton‐Cotes quadratures for a size‐structured population model. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2009
Epidemiology and clinical risk factors predisposing to thromboembolism in children with cancer
Authors: Athale Uma , Siciliano Sabrina , Thabane Lehana , Pai Nikhil , Cox Stephanie , Lathia Anita , Khan Anees , Armstrong Ankelly , Chan Anthony K.C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPurposeThe prevalence and risk factors for thromboembolism (TE) in children with cancer are largely unknown. This retrospective cohort study aims to determine the epidemiology of TE and to identify potential risk factors for TE in children with cancer.MethodsWe used logistic regression to determine the association of age (<10 years vs. ≥10 years), gender, type of cancer, presence or absence of intra‐thoracic disease (mediastinal mass or any primary or metastatic pulmonary disease), type of central venous line (CVL) and CVL‐dysfunction (difficulty of blood draw, infusion or documented CVL infection) on the risk of developing TE.ResultsFifty‐seven of 726 patients [7.9%; 95% confidence intervals (CI); 6.0,10.0] developed TE; children with brain tumors (n = 201) had significantly lower prevalence of TE (0.5%; P < 0.001). Older patients had increased risk of developing TE compared to younger patients [Odds ratios (OR) 1.8; 95% CI; 1.0,3.2; P = 0.036]. Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (OR 4.6; 95% CI; 1.8, 12.3; P = 0.002), lymphoma (OR 3.8; 95% CI; 1.3, 11.1; P = 0.016), and sarcoma (OR 4.3; 95% CI; 1.4, 13.3; P = 0.012) had an increased risk of TE. Subgroup analyses showed that patients with CVL‐dysfunction and intra‐thoracic disease had a higher prevalence of TE compared to those without CVL‐dysfunction (22.8% vs. 8.8%; 95% CI; 4.0, 24.3; P = 0.006) and intra‐thoracic disease (18.0% vs. 6.1%; 95% CI; 2.4, 21.4; P = 0.02).ConclusionsTE is common in children with cancer. Age and type of cancer are independent risk factors for TE in children with non‐CNS cancers. CVL‐dysfunction and intra‐thoracic disease are significantly associated with the diagnosis of TE. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:792–797. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential diagnosis of lipoma‐like lipoblastoma
Authors: Morerio Cristina , Nozza Paolo , Tassano Elisa , Rosanda Cristina , Granata Claudio , Conte Massimo , Panarello Claudio 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLipoblastomas are rare benign tumors of white fatty tissue that occur primarily in young children. Occasionally, heterogeneity of morphological appearance and histological overlap with other lipogenic tumors are described. In such cases fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of PLAG1, a gene specifically rearranged in lipoblastoma, is necessary to prevent misdiagnosis. We present a case of lipoblastoma arising in an atypical site with histological features characteristic of lipoma. The correct diagnosis was made possible on cytogenetic grounds through the identification of the characteristic PLAG1‐HAS2 fusion gene, thus allowing an appropriate clinical approach. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:132–134. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noninvasive ventilation in large postoperative flail chest
Authors: Piastra Marco , De Luca Daniele , Zorzi Giulia , Ruggiero Antonio , Antonelli Massimo , Conti Giorgio , Pietrini Domenico 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old male developed a severe respiratory failure due to a iatrogenic flail chest following a surgery for removing a large chest wall area. A rare Ewing sarcoma was histologically diagnosed and intensive chemotherapy was administered. Postoperatively, because of the failure in ventilation weaning, the patient was electively extubated and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation through face‐mask was provided. Respiratory support avoided asynchronous paradoxical movements and achieved pneumatic stabilization. Clinical and respiratory improvement allowed a successful weaning from ventilator. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:831–833. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetics and mechanism for acid‐catalyzed disproportionation of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl
Authors: Sen Vasily D. , Golubev Valery A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDisproportionation of cyclic nitroxyl radicals (NRs) in acid solutions is of key importance for the chemistry of these compounds. Meanwhile, the data reported on the mechanism of this reaction in dilute acids are inconsistent with those on the stability of NRs in concentrated acids. Here we have examined the kinetics and stoichiometry for the disproportionation of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (1) in aqueous H2SO4 (1.0–99.3 wt%) and found that (1) the disproportionation of 1 proceeds by the same mechanism over the entire range of acid concentrations, (2) the effective rate constant of the process exhibits a bell‐shaped dependence on the excess acidity function X peaked at X = −pK1H+ = 5.8 ± 0.3, (3) a key step of the process involves the oxidation of 1 with its protonated counterpart 1H+ yielding oxopiperidinium cation 2 and hydroxypiperidine 3 at a rate constant of (1.4 ± 0.8) × 105 M−1 · s−1, and (4) the reaction is reversible and, upon neutralization of acid, disproportionation products 2 and 3H+ comproportionate to starting 1. In highly acidic media, the protonated form 1H+ is relatively stable due to a low disproportionation rate. Based on the known and newly obtained values of equilibrium constants, both the standard redox potential for the 1H+
/3 pair (955 ± 15 mV) and the pH‐dependences have been calculated for the reduction potentials of 1 and 2 to hydroxylamine 3 that is in equilibrium with its protonated 3H+ and deprotonated 3− forms. The data obtained provide a deeper insight into the mechanism of nitroxyl‐involving reactions in chemical and biological systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solvent effects on electronic absorption spectra of donor‐substituted 11,11,12,12‐tetracyano‐9, 10‐anthraquinodimethanes (TCAQs)
Authors: Bureš Filip , Pytela Oldřich , Diederich François 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSolvent effects on the electronic absorption spectra of donor‐substituted 11,11,12,12‐tetracyano‐9, 10‐anthraquinodimethanes (TCAQs) 1–3 have been investigated in 32 well‐selected solvents. These compounds were chosen as model structures for charge‐transfer chromophores featuring second‐ and third‐order nonlinear optical properties. The resulting data were evaluated by means of theoretical models and (semi)empirical correlations determining the optical properties related to electron distribution and polarizability. We found that solvent effects on a polar D‐π‐A system do not depend on the donor/acceptor orientation (HOMO/LUMO localization) but especially on the length of the π‐system in between. The observed solvent effects are described with high accuracy by the applied theoretical models and linear combinations of physical quantities. Solvent polarization, permanent dipole moment, and molar volume substantially affect the longest‐wavelength absorption maxima. Solvent‐induced bathochromic shift resulting from the solvent polarity is described with high accuracy by the Born function. On the other hand, hypsochromic effects of the solvent permanent dipole moment are caused due to the slower reorganization of molecular dipoles compared with the rate of excitation. Solvent polarizability shifts the longest‐wavelength absorption maxima bathochromically with increasing length of the π‐conjugated system. Whereas this effect could be suitably described by the Onsager‐induced polarizability, the orientation polarizability was not found to be important. The solvent molar volume as a hypsochromic shift‐inducing factor is only relevant if the size of the solute and solvent molecules are comparable. If the size of the solute is considerably larger than that of the solvent molecules, the solvent behaves as a ‘shape continuum.’ Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geography matters: patterns of spatial homogamy in the Netherlands
Authors: Haandrikman Karen , Harmsen Carel , van Wissen Leo J. G. , Hutter Inge 
Published: September 2008

Abstract‘Cupid may have wings, but apparently they are not adapted for long flights.’ Studies on the spatial dimension of the partner market have found that the number of marriages declines as the distance between potential spouses increases. This paper explores the role of geographical distance in partner choice in the Netherlands. The availability of unique integral micro data from the population register enables us to study spatial homogamy among all new cohabiters. Spatial homogamy is measured by calculating distances between partners before cohabitation. The explorative study shows that geography matters: Dutch persons choose spatially homogamous partners. Spatial homogamy is influenced by demographic factors. With increasing age, spatial homogamy increases. Moreover, those who live with their parents and those who are single parents before cohabitation live significantly shorter to their future partners. Spatial homogamy also exhibits a distinct spatial pattern. However, conditional on population size and geographical location, long distances between partners in peripheral areas become insignificant. Finally, the distance between partners decreases as urbanisation increases. The findings stimulate the discussion on the role of cultural factors in partner choice. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Estimating with Confidence’ and hindsight: new UK small‐area population estimates for 1991
Authors: Norman Paul , Simpson Ludi , Sabater Albert 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPopulation estimates are used in a variety of applications including the monitoring of social trends, the distribution of financial resources and assessment of demand for housing, schooling, employment and other goods and services. In many countries the primary source informing population estimates is a national census. A census, however, is not a perfect source. Even after imputation of missing households, the UK's 1991 Census counts were lower than expected. In the 1990s, the Estimating with Confidence project (EwC) distributed official non‐response data for local authority districts on a small area‐specific basis to allow for underenumeration, timing changes between census day and the mid‐year, armed forces adjustments and the transfer of students from home to term‐time addresses. The EwC‐enhanced census counts became accepted as the ‘gold standard’ for mid‐1991 small area populations and were widely used in research.Following the 2001 Census, evidence suggested that previous official upward adjustments to 1991 populations were too large. Revisions were retrospectively made to 1991 non‐responses and to the official annual time‐series of subnational mid‐year population estimates. For the UK's small areas, here we have revised the original EwC non‐response allowances, converted the output to more contemporary geographies, and extended the estimates detail to single year of age. As a result, the 1991 EwC small‐area estimates are now consistent and comparable with the 2001 Census population definition and geography and the 1981–2001 official population time‐series. Our revised UK‐coverage small‐area population estimates can underpin late twentieth century local‐area social analyses. Given the very detailed geographical and demographic detail in the estimates, we recommend these resources are used as building bricks for aggregation to larger areas and to application‐relevant age bands. We present example calculations to assess differences which occur when a revised population estimate is used for the calculation of population change and as the denominator in demographic rates. Re‐worked research affects demographic, health and social indicators, especially the ranking of areas' population and population change, although the extent of the revisions often may not result in different conclusions being drawn about trends and patterns. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of different Zn precursors for the deposition of Zn(S,O) buffer layers by chemical bath for chalcopyrite based Cd‐free thin‐film solar cells
Authors: Sáez‐Araoz R. , Ennaoui A. , Kropp T. , Veryaeva E. , Niesen T. P. , Lux‐Steiner M. Ch. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractProgress in fabricating Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe) solar cells with Zn(S,O) buffer layers prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) is discussed. The effect of different Zn salt precursors on solar cell device performance is investigated using production scale CIGSSe absorbers provided by AVANCIS GmbH & Co. KG. The CBD process has been developed at the Hahn‐Meitner‐Institut (HMI) using zinc nitrate, zinc sulphate or zinc chloride as zinc precursor. An average efficiency of 14.2 ± 0.8% is obtained by using one‐layer CBD Zn(S,O) The dominant recombination path for well performing solar cells is discussed based on the results obtained from temperature dependent J (V) analysis. The structure and morphology of buffer layers deposited using zinc nitrate and zinc sulphate has been studied by means of transmission electron micrographs of glass/Mo/CIGSSe/Zn(S,O) structures. Results show a conformal coverage of the absorber by a Zn(S,O) layer of 15–25 nm consisting of nanocrystals with radii of ∼5 nm. XAES analysis of the buffer layer reveals a similar surface composition for buffer layers deposited with zinc nitrate and zinc sulphate. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural properties of ultrathin InGaN/GaN quantum wells
Authors: Sahonta S.‐L. , Komninou Ph. , Dimitrakopulos G. P. , Salcianu C. , Thrush E. J. , Karakostas Th. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA high indium‐content blue light‐emitting diode (LED) structure grown on silicon (111), consisting of five very thin MOCVD‐grown In0.2Ga0.8N quantum wells (QWs), is shown by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) to contain structural defects in the active region. HRTEM imaging reveals QWs containing stacking faults and also gaps ranging between 5 nm and 50 nm in length which isolate separate regions of QW of similar dimensions to the gaps. The relatively high internal quantum efficiency of the structure is attributed to enhanced confinement of carriers via the ultrathin QWs, the strained sections of QW between the gaps, and by the sections of QW with sphalerite crystal structure, identified by characteristic stacking fault phase contrast in HRTEM images. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Direct laser printing of biotin microarrays on low temperature oxide on Si substrates
Authors: Boutopoulos C. , Andreakou P. , Kafetzopoulos D. , Chatzandroulis S. , Zergioti I. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLaser Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) technique is a direct‐write method allowing the effective deposition of a wide range of materials with high spatial resolution. In this work, we present the direct printing of microarrays from a biotin solution by using a Nd:YAG laser (266 nm wavelength, 4ns pulse duration). Standard materials of microelectronics such as Si and Low Temperature Oxide on Si (LTO/Si) were used as receiving substrates. For the LTO substrate, a detailed study for the optimum surface functionalization was carried out as it is a common passivation layer for biosensors. The laser beam parameters, such as the energy density and the beam size, were systematically varied in order to evaluate the effect on the transferred droplets. Furthermore, the energy density threshold for the ejection of the droplets was defined. Finally, the viability of the deposited droplets was demonstrated through the biotin–streptavidin reaction on silane coated LTO/Si substrates. This reaction was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. These results have shown that the LIFT process can be used for biosensors and possibly for label‐free detection by the combination of the method with capacitive sensors, sensors based on cantilevers or other sensors with electrical output. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)