bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppressor cells and immunodeficiency in (NZB × NZW)F1 hybrid mice
Authors: Michalski Joseph P. , McCombs Candace C. , Talal Norman 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOld (15–20 month) male (NZB × NZW)F1 (B/W) mice have severely impaired spleen cell reactivity to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), a mitogen which stimulates mainly T lymphocytes. Spleen cells from old mice markedly suppressed the PHA response of splenocytes from young (3–4 month) B/W males. Similar suppressor activity was not present in the spleens of old mice of four nonautoimmune strains.The suppressor activity of old B/W spleen cells was mediated by a nonphagocytic, radioresistant, mononuclear leukocyte. Although this cell was eluted in the “T lymphocyte” fraction of nylon wool columns, it was not sensitive to treatment with anti‐Thy‐1 antiserum and complement. Suppressor activity was lost after 18 h incubation at 37 °C in tissue culture medium. Supernatants of these overnight cultures had no suppressive effect on fresh young B/W spleen cells.Old B/W spleen cells suppressed PHA reactivity more than concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide reactivity. Kinetic studies demonstrated an increasing suppression with time over 72 h of culture. This study demonstrates that the severely impaired PHA reactivity of old B/W mice is mediated, at least in part, by active suppression.
Inhibition of T cell‐mediated cytolysis by 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose: dissociation of the inhibitory effect from glycoprotein synthesis
Authors: MacDonald H. Robson , Cerottini Jean‐Charles 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious studies have established that T cell‐mediated cytolysis can be reversibly inhibited by the hexose analogue 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2‐DG) by a mechanism which is apparently unrelated to energy depletion. The possibility that the inhibitory effect of 2‐DG on cytolysis was linked to its known inhibitory effect on glycoprotein synthesis was therefore investigated. In contrast to the results obtained with 2‐DG, no inhibition of cytolysis was observed in the presence of tunicamycin, a potent and specific inhibitor of lipid carrier‐dependent protein glycosylation. Furthermore, populations of cytolytic cells which had been pretreated with doses of tunicamycin sufficient to block the incorporation of mannose (or 2‐DG) into glycoproteins were still fully susceptible to inhibition by 2‐DG. Other known inhibitors of viral protein glycosylation, such as glucosamine and galactosamine, inhibited cytolysis only weakly under conditions where 2‐DG was highly effective. Kinetic studies revealed that the inhibitory effect of 2‐DG on cytolysis could be reversed within minutes by the addition of exogenous glucose. Furthermore, suggestive evidence was obtained that inhibition of cytolysis by 2‐DG was linked to a parallel inhibition of effector: target cell binding. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the inhibitory effect of 2‐DG on cytolysis can be dissociated from its effect on protein glycosylation. An alternative mechanism of action of 2‐DG is suggested.
Investigation of the human macrophage II. The in vitro cytotoxicity of macrophages
Authors: Chang Yu‐Hui , Yao Chin‐Sheng 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMacrophage‐mediated cytotoxicity in vitro was studied by a tritiated thymidine incorporation inhibition assay as well as by microscopic examination and optical transmittance determination. It was found that macrophages from patients with malignant diseases showed cytotoxic effects on two malignant human cell lines. The cytotoxic activity was more marked in patients who were clinically tumor‐free. Some patients with benign diseases and normal subjects also exhibited cytotoxic macrophages. Macrophage‐mediated cytotoxicity (MMC) was thus nonspecific in nature. Cell‐free exudate from cancer patients did not influence MMC appreciably. The experimental methods and the possible significance of MMC are discussed.
Studies on T lymphocyte activation II. The target cells for concanavalin A‐induced growth factors
Authors: Coutinho Antonio , Larsson Eva‐Lotta , Grönvik Kjell‐Olov , Andersson Jan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGrowth factors contained in Con A(concanavalin A)‐conditioned media (CM) maintain exponential growth in T cell blasts derived from mitogen stimulation of spleen cells with Con A, phytohemagglutinin, lentil lectin and pokeweed mitogen (PWM), as well as from mixed lymphocyte reactions to H‐2 D or I‐E and I‐C‐encoded determinants and from non‐H‐2 Mls locus‐controlled reactions. Such growth factors are strictly T cell blast‐specific, inasmuch as they do not stimulate resting, small T or B lymphocytes nor B cell blasts generated by lipopolysaccharide or lipoprotein activation. The responsiveness of T cell blasts to CM appears to be the result of the availability on the cell surface of an acceptor site for growth factors which is not expressed in resting cells, because T cell blasts, but not small spleen cells, absorb out the growth‐promoting activity contained in CM. Furthermore, lectins such as Con A and PWM interfere with the blast surface membrane in such a way that they inhibit the response to growth factors. Finally, there is no detectable allotypic or isotypic restriction in the activity of Con A‐CM on a variety of target T cell blasts.
Restoration by serum thymic factor of colony‐forming unit (CFU‐S) entry into DNA synthesis in thymectomized mice after T‐dependent antigen treatment
Authors: Lepault Francoise , Dardenne Mireille , Frindel Emilia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdult thymectomy prevents stimulation of hematopoietic stem cells as measured by colony‐forming units (CFU‐S) if T‐dependent antigens are injected, but not when T‐ independent antigens are used. This can be observed as soon as 10 to 15 days after thymectomy. The serum thymic factor can restore CFU‐S response to T‐dependent antigens in thymectomized mice.
Regulation of tumor growth and antibody clone expression by antigen and anti‐idiotype antibody ligands with specificity for receptor‐binding sites
Authors: Bell Clara , Klein Eva 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDextran ligands, modified to increase epitope reactivity with receptors, were more effective in suppressing BALB/c mouse plasmacytomas MOPC 104 E and J‐558, which bind α(1 → 3) dextran and have an idiotype (Id) in common, than autoantibody (Ab) against the Id unique to each of the proteins secreted by the two tumors (the Idl). BALB/c immunized with 104 E myeloma protein and expressing an antibody response to the 104 E Idl exhibited a specific, anti‐104E Idl transplantation resistance to lethal grafts of 104E, but not J‐558, tumors notwithstanding the shared common Id and similar ability to bind a(1 → 3) dextran. This autoantibody did not prevent modulation of the 104 E tumor to variant forms or the growth of the variants. On challenge with a(1 → 3) dextran, the immunized mice expressing the anti‐104E Idl responses failed to express the 104E Idl‐like antibody clone present in the normal, anti‐α(1 → 3) dextran antibody repertoire. Passive, iso‐anti‐104E Idl antibody had a transitory suppressive effect on the normal, 104E Idl‐like antibody clone but failed to circumvent 104 E tumor growth. It is apparent that the greater effectiveness of ligands strongly reactive in a nonphysiological manner with the tumor receptors lies in the stabilization of the tumor load without inducing variant escape or a disturbance of the immune network, and that receptor expression and malignancy state are not necessarily co‐extensive functions.
A rosette assay for the determination of C 1 q receptor‐bearing cells
Authors: Gabay Yvette , Perlmann Hedvig , Perlmann Peter , Sobel Alain T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA rosette assay for the identification of cells with receptors for C 1q is described. Glutaraldehyde‐treated bovine erythrocytes bound C 1q specifically, and the reagent thus prepared provided a valid indicator for rosette formation mediated by C 1 q receptors. The presence of these receptors on the membrane of a subset of human peripheral lymphocytes (mainly non‐T cells) and on B‐derived lymphoblastoid cells was confirmed. Rosette formation was dependent on the number of C 1 q molecules bound per indicator cell and was specifically inhibited by soluble native C 1 q and pepsin‐resistant C 1 q fragments. These data, together with the reduced binding activity of C 1r‐C 1s‐associated C 1q, indicated that the C 1 q binding sites for lymphoid membranes are expressed on the collagen‐like moiety, C 1q rosette formation provided a simple new procedure for fractionation of human lymphocyte populations and separation from phagocytes that do not express receptors for C 1 q.
Recognition of protozoan parasite antigens by murine T lymphocytes I. Induction of specific T lymphocyte‐dependent proliferative response to Leishmania tropica
Authors: Louis Jacques , Moedder Edith , Behin Reza , Engers Howard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to assess the T cell response to Leishmania tropica in the mouse, a recently described method for the study of T lymphocyte activation by protein antigens has been used. Periaortic and inguinal lymph node cells obtained from mice previously injected at the base of the tail with L. tropica emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant exhibited intense proliferation when cultured in the presence of parasites, as assessed by measuring of [3H]thymidine incorporation. The response was antigenspecific, was demonstrable from 4 to 75 days after in vivo priming and was T cell‐ dependent by the following criteria, (a) treatment of lymph node cells with rabbit anti‐mouse thymus lymphocyte antigen (MTLA) antiserum and complement greatly reduced the magnitude of the response, (b) purified T cells responded as efficiently as unfractionnated lymph node cells provided irradiated normal peritoneal exudate cells were also added to the culture. Finally, normal peritoneal exudate cells pulsed with L. tropica were able to induce a proliferative response of primed T cells in the absence of extracellular parasites. Therefore, this assay provides a reliable method to measure parasite‐induced T cell proliferation and a convenient system to study the nature of the interactions between antigen‐presenting cells and primed T cells in the induction of a specific T cell response to parasite antigens.
The fine specificity of regulatory T cells IV. Idiotypic complementarity and antigen‐bridging interactions in the anti‐lysozyme response
Authors: Adorini Luciano , Harvey Michael , Sercarz Eli E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe hen egg‐white lysozyme (HEL)‐specific B cells which are activated in response to HEL share a cross‐reactive idiotype as well as submolecular specificity. Helper T cells of two different specificities are implicated in their optimal activation, one recognizing the idiotype and the other, an epitope on the HEL molecule opposite to the one recognized by B cells. Thus, efficient T‐B collaboration involves both idiotypic complementarity and antigen bridging.
Inherited ϰ chain polymorphism in mouse antibodies to phenyloxazolone
Authors: Karjalainen Maus , Hurme Mikko , Mäkelä Olli 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMice of several but not all strains produce antibodies of restricted heterogeneity (public idiotype) against hapten 2‐phenyl‐oxazolone (phOx). This public idiotype is controlled by an allotype‐linked gene in crosses between BALB/c and C57BL mice. RF mice do not produce the idiotype although another allotype c strain, DBA/2, does. We studied whether the RF strain is negative for the idiotype because of an unsuitable H chain repertoire or an unsuitable L chain repertoire. Our breeding experiments indicate that the H chain repertoire of RF mice can support synthesis of the public idiotype but the L chain repertoire cannot.
The role of the left end of the H‐2b haplotype in the male‐specific cytotoxic T cell response
Authors: von Boehmer Harald , Turton Kathrin , Haas Werner 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe male‐specific cytotoxic T cell response was tested in various mouse strains. We found that priming with lo7 nonirradiated or 2 × 107 X‐irradiated cells (2000 Rad) was similarly effective in B 6 mice. We have avoided possible allogeneic effects due to priming F1 hybrids with parental cells and tested all mice after the same time interval for generation of male‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro. Under these conditions, we found an absolute requirement for H‐2b gene products, encoded left of B, in order to see male‐specific responses.
Transferrin can replace serum for in vitro growth of mitogen‐stimulated T lymphocytes
Authors: Dillner‐Centerlind Marie‐Louise , Hammarström Sten , Perlmann Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractActivation of human T cells by mitogens was compared in cultures containing serum, human serum albumin or purified human transferrin as growth support. The mitogenic effect of the lectins leucoagglutinin, concanavalin A and Wistaria floribunda agglutinin was measured as incorporation of [3H]thymidine into the cellular DNA of the lymphocytes. Three different preparations of transferrin were all able to fully substitute serum or serum albumin as growth promotors, when present at concentrations of 10 μg/ml or more. A small contamination of transferrin in the human serum albumin preparations used was shown to be responsible for their growth‐supporting effect, while no need for the presence of albumin itself could be demonstrated.
Restricted expression of a human T cell lineage membrane antigen
Authors: Roberts Marion M. , Greaves Melvyn F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn antiserum raised against human fetal and childhood thymocytes (anti‐Thy) and absorbed with peripheral lymphocytes (tonsil) detected an antigen(s) shared by thymocytes, T cell‐acute leukemias, activated peripheral T cells and a subset of peripheral T cells. The antigen was expressed by the negative circulating T cell subset after mitogen activation of that separated population. The antigen was shown to be separate from the E rosette receptor, another anti‐T cell serum detected antigen, and β2‐microglobulin; its expression was not related to a particular phase of the cell cycle. The results suggest that the antigen is expressed by T cells only under certain maturational and proliferative conditions.
Enrichment of hapten‐specific helper T cells using anti‐immunoglobulin combining site antibodies
Authors: Julius Michael H. , Cosenza Humberto , Augustin Andrei A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpleen T cells from phosphorylcholine (PC)‐primed BALB/c mice were indirectly stained with affinity column‐purified heterologous rabbit anti‐TEPC 15 (T15) antibodies. These antibodies were shown to be directed towards antigenic determinants in or near the combining site of T15 in that their interaction with the myeloma protein was more than 95% inhibit able by PC. The stained cells were sorted into “bright” and “dull” fractions using a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter. Sorted populations were then assessed for enrichment and depletion of PC‐specific helper activity using an in vivo adoptive transfer assay.The results indicate that the staining procedure employed enabled the specific enrichment of PC helper T cells and therefore suggest that these T cells bear combining site structures similar to that of the myeloma protein T15.
Absence of an antigen‐specific helper T cell required for the expression of the Tn 15 idiotype in mice treated with anti‐μ antibody
Authors: Bottomly Kim , Janeway Charles A. , Mathieson Bonnie J. , Mosier Donald E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractT‐dependent anti‐phosphorylcholine (PC) plaque‐forming cell (PFC) responses were studied in BALB/c mice. Helper T cells derived from normal, carrier‐primed donors induced anti‐PC PFC responses dominated by the T15 idiotype. Helper T cells derived from carrier‐primed mice that had been treated from birth with anti‐μ antibody, so that they were lacking B cells and circulating antibody bearing the T15 idiotype, also provided helper cell function for the anti‐PC antibody response. In contrast to the response induced by helper T cells from normal mice, T helper cells from μ‐suppressed mice induced an anti‐PC antibody response which was mainly non‐ T15 in character. The failure to induce antibody formation by T15+ B cells was not due to suppressor cells but rather to the lack of an Lyt‐1+ helper T cell population which is necessary for predominant T15 production. This latter cell population was shown to be present in carrier‐primed normal but missing or diminished in carrier‐ primed anti‐μ‐treated BALB/c mice. It required carrier priming for the expression of its helper function, but its function did not require the antigen (carrier) to be physically linked to the hapten. From this, we conclude that dominant production of the T15 idiotype involves the synergistic activity of two antigen‐specific helper T cells. The helper cell population which is required for predominant T15 production is greatly diminished in mice treated with anti‐μ antibody from birth. Hence, the production of circulating T15+ antibody induced by environmental antigens or the appearance of T 15‐bearing B cells would appear to be required for the induction of helper T cells which enhance T15+ anti‐PC antibody synthesis.
The lack of compensatory increases of cells producing anti‐phosphorylcholine antibodies bearing other idiotypes in TEPC‐15 idiotype‐suppressed inbred and outbred mice
Authors: Kim Byung S. , Benewicz Benita J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIdiotype analyses of plaque‐forming cells using anti‐idiotype antibody against TEPC‐ 15 myeloma protein (anti‐T 15 id) indicated that the proportion of plaque‐forming cells producing anti‐phosphorylcholine (PC) antibodies with idiotypic determinants of T15id varied depending on the strain of mice (15–97%). However, treatment of neonates of those mouse strains with the anti‐T 15 id antibody rendered them unresponsive to subsequent stimulation with PC‐containing antigen (<7% of control response). The treatment of spleen cell cultures, derived from adult mice, with anti‐ T15 id antibody resulted in complete suppression of T15 id, although the suppression of the total anti‐PC response was much less pronounced as compared to that induced in vivo. These results suggest that anti‐T 15 id antibodies injected in the neonatal period may chronically inhibit the differentiation of B lymphocytes specific for PC. The lack of compensatory increases in the production of anti‐PC antibodies bearing other idiotypes in T15 id‐suppressed mice does not appear to be related to the clonal proportion of cells producing anti‐PC with non‐T 15 id. This tolerance induction by anti‐idiotype antibody appears to be unique to the nature of clonal differentiation of anti‐PC‐producing lymphocytes.
Antigen‐induced helper and suppressor T cells in normal and agammaglobulinemic chickens
Authors: Chi David S. , Grebenau Mark D. , Thorbecke G. Jeanette 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpleen cells from chickens injected with sheep erythrocytes (SE) intravenously 2 to 14 days prior to culture were found to give faster and higher plaque‐forming cell responses upon addition of antigen on day 2 rather than on day 0 of culture. Cell mixture experiments showed that this was due to the induction of suppressor T cells upon re‐exposure to SE on day 0 of culture. Spleen cells taken on days 2 or 14, but not between days 4 and 7 after priming to SE were sensitive to suppression. The suppressor cells were resistant to gamma irradiation (1000 rd) and to mitomycin C, but were apparently lost after 2 days of culture in the absence of antigen. Pokeweed mitogen addition on day 0 of culture also induced suppressor cells, both in SE immune and in normal spleen. Similar suppressor cells were induced in cultures of primed spleen cells taken from agammaglobulinemic chickens. The response to Brucella abortus in vitro was not affected by induction of suppression for the anti‐SE response. Suppression could also be shown after transfer of cell mixtures to irradiated recipients. Helper cell activity for the anti‐SE response could readily be shown, both in vivo and in vitro, in primed spleen cells precultured for 2 days in the absence of antigen, and was also resistant to 1000 rd gamma irradiation and to mitomycin C.
H9/25 monoclonal antibody recognizes a new allospecificity of mouse lymphocyte subpopulations: Strain and tissue distribution
Authors: Takei Fumio , Galfré Giovanni , Alderson Thomas , Lennox Edwin S. , Milstein Cesar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractC3H/He‐mg mice were immunized with C57 BL/10 (B10) spleen cells and the immune spleen cells were fused with BALB/c myeloma cells (NS1). One of the monoclonal antibodies (H9/25 antibody) produced by the hybrid cells was studied. It reacts with subpopulations of B 10 lymphocytes as well as some lymphoid tumor lines including some of the Abelson virus‐induced leukemias. The antigen recognized by H 9/25 antibody is expressed on lymphocytes from all the B 10 congeneic mice tested as well as some other strains of mice. No linkage between genes coding for the antigen and H‐2 loci was found as judged by its presence on cells of the B 10 strains regardless of H‐2 type and the distribution of the antigen on Bailey recombinant inbred mice. The antigen is expressed on subpopulations of lymph node cells, spleen cells, thymocytes and bone marrow cells. The strain distribution of the H9/25 antigen seems to be identical to that of Ly‐6, Ly‐8 and Ala‐1 antigens. However, the tissue distribution of the antigen recognized by H9/25 antibody, while similar to these alloantigens, is unique and the antigen may be distinct from the other alloantigens.
Natural killer and killer cell activities in patients with primary immunodeficiencies or defects in immune interferon production
Authors: Lipinski Marc , Virelizier Jean‐Louis , Tursz Thomas , Griscelli Claude 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNatural cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) against K‐562 target cells was explored in patients with various primary immunodeficiencies. (a) NCMC was present in 2 patients lacking detectable B cells. Conversely, NCMC was depressed in 2 patients with severe combined immunodeficiency presenting a normal number of circulating B cells. These data exclude a major role for B cells in NCMC. (b) NCMC was depressed mainly in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency or with defects affecting cellular immunity, which suggests a major role in NCMC for cells of T lineage. (c) Four patients with various clinical features associated with a lack of immune interferon production exhibited a strikingly depressed NCMC. Interferon thus appears as a major in vivo activator of natural killer (NK) cell activity. (d) Eight patients exhibiting a depressed NK cell activity had a normal killer (K) cell activity against L1210 cells in the presence of rabbit anti‐L1210 antiserum. These data are consistent with the assumption that NK and K cell activity are mediated through two distinct cellular mechanisms.