bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal depression and developmental disability: Research critique
Authors: Bailey Donald B. , Golden Robert N. , Roberts Jane , Ford Amy 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMaternal depression in families having a child with a disability has been the subject of considerable research over the past 25 years. This review was designed to describe the literature on maternal depression, critique its research methodology, identify consensus findings across studies, and make recommendations for future research. A particular emphasis is on the distinction between exhibiting depressive symptoms and meeting clinical criteria for a depressive disorder, how or whether research studies made this distinction, and implications for our understanding of maternal adaptation to disability in a family member. Of the 42 articles reviewed, only eight were clinically diagnosed depression; most of them used a scale rating depressive symptoms. Across the studies, mothers of children with disabilities generally exhibited a higher than average rate of depressive symptoms and are more at risk for clinical depression, but the incidence may be lower than reported in previous literature. Child behavior problems, maternal stress, coping style, and support were consistently associated with depressive symptoms. We conclude that we know relatively little about clinical depression in mothers of children with disabilities. The distinction between clinical depression and depressive symptoms may be important in conceptualizing how a child with a disability can influence family members and the nature of support that may need to be provided. Future research should incorporate gold standard diagnostic tools and assess history, severity, and type of depression. Research is also needed to study treatments to reduce the occurrence of both depressive symptoms and clinical depression. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2007;13:321–329.
Conceptualization and measurement of family outcomes associated with families of individuals with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Turnbull Ann P. , Summers Jean Ann , Lee Suk‐Hyang , Kyzar Kathleen 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to (a) document the current status of conceptualizing and measuring family outcomes related to having a member with an intellectual disability and (b) determine the extent to which family research focuses on internal family characteristics as contrasted to external family support. The reviewers collected 28 articles using the terms well‐being, adaptation, family functioning, or family quality of life in the title. Results of our analyses are presented as a comparison between well‐being, adaptation, and family functioning articles in one group and family quality of life articles in a second group. Both groups lacked explicit conceptual definitions, theory, and random/representative samples. The articles placed an undue emphasis on maternal participation, and tended to report a single family member score as representative of the whole family. Two major differences between the groups was a tendency for family quality of life studies to be grounded in conceptual frameworks and focus on new instrument development. Recommendations for future research directions are included. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2007;13:346–356.
Primary and secondary effects of parenting and stress management interventions for parents of children with developmental disabilities: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Singer George H.S. , Ethridge Brandy L. , Aldana Sandra I. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA meta‐analysis of the group intervention research for parents of children with developmental disabilities was conducted in order to characterize the efficacy of treatments in reducing depressive symptoms and other forms of psychological distress associated with stress in parents of children with developmental disabilities. An extensive search led to the identification of 17 studies which were divided into three categories for comparative purposes: parenting education studies usually based on behavioral parent training, coping skills education studies based primarily on cognitive behavioral training, and studies that combined these methods along with other support services. Studies were rated for the quality of the research designs and of the reports. Consistent positive benefits were found in the form of reductions in parents' distress, and these effects were comparable to those reported in other syntheses of parenting interventions for parents of children without disabilities. The studies were evaluated in order to assess whether or not they met standards for established evidence‐based practices. On the basis of the quality and number of the randomized trials, we present evidence to support the claim that there are established evidence‐based interventions for reducing psychological distress at least in middle‐class mothers in the short term. The interventions for fathers are promising as are the data on somewhat longer‐term effects. The need for replications with a more diverse group of parents and longer‐term follow‐up were discussed. Multiple component interventions addressing both parent well‐being and behavioral parent training were significantly more effective than either behavioral parent training or cognitive behavioral training along. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2007;13:357–369.
The role of maternal responsivity in the development of children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Warren Steven F. , Brady Nancy C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThere is growing evidence that cumulative exposure to highly responsive parenting styles throughout the early childhood period may provide a variety of important child benefits in terms of language, cognitive, social, and emotional development. We view maternal responsivity as a dynamic construct of central importance to the development of children with intellectual disabilities just as it is for typically developing children. In this study, we selectively review the theoretical and conceptual evidence for the effects of responsivity on development, discuss factors known to influence responsivity including the nature of a child's disability, and review intervention approaches intended to enhance maternal responsivity. We conclude with a set of recommendations for future research. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2007;13:330–338.
(Mini)emulsion Polymerization: Effect of the Segregation Degree on Polymer Architecture
Authors: González Iker , Paulis Maria , de la Cal José C. , Asua José M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA continuous loop reactor was used for the production of 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate (2‐EHA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylic acid (AA) pressure sensitive adhesive by both emulsion and miniemulsion polymerization. Similar high monomer conversions were achieved in both processes, but striking differences in polymer architecture were found. A mathematical model was used to analyze these differences concluding that because the costabilizer suppressed monomer diffusion from miniemulsion droplets, the average polymer concentration in the polymerization loci was lower in the miniemulsion process. This resulted in less chain transfer to polymer, and hence in lower sol molecular weight and gel content.magnified image
Higher‐order natural element methods: Towards an isogeometric meshless method
Authors: González David , Cueto Elías , Doblaré Manuel 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe problem of generalizing the natural element method (NEM) in terms of higher‐order consistency and continuity is addressed here. It is done by means of the de Boor algorithm, the same employed to obtain B‐splines by linear combinations of linear interpolants in one dimension. By noting that any form of natural neighbour interpolation can be considered as a suitable generalization of linear interpolation to two and higher dimensions, the de Boor algorithm is extended to two or higher dimensions, thus obtaining a new form of interpolation that can be used in a Galerkin framework to develop a new class of meshless methods.This new class of meshless methods closely resembles the isogeometric analysis developed by Hughes et al. (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 2005; 194:4135–4195). However, unlike B‐splines, the new class of interpolants does not rely on an underlying tensor‐product quadrilateral mesh. It is based on the Delaunay triangulation of the cloud of knots and does not require any regularity on the connectivity.In addition, the new method conserves many of the attractive features of the NEM, such as strict interpolation on the boundary, and thus directs imposition of essential boundary conditions. After a theoretical description of the proposed method, some numerical examples are shown to test its performance in the context of linear elastostatics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case of squamosal craniosynostosis from the 16th century southeastern United States
Authors: Duncan W. N. , Stojanowski C. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a case of plagiocephaly stemming from a unilateral synostosis of the left squamosal and coronal sutures in a 16th century calvaria from Georgia. Although cases of squamosal involvement in syndromic, multisuture synostotic cases have been found in the archaeological record, isolated squamosal involvement is quite rare. Our literature review found only 15 such cases reported, and this is the first case to be reported from the southeastern United States. Despite the fact that the bevelled nature of the squamosal suture is unique in the human body and that the cause for squamosal involvement remains unclear, to our knowledge there have been no reviews of the nosology and aetiology of synostosis with particular reference to the squamosal suture in the anthropological or clinical literature. Isolated squamosal craniosynostosis may be frequently unreported in clinical settings, and thus case studies on the condition in archaeological contexts may prove valuable for future attempts to identify the frequency and causes of squamosal involvement. This case study also highlights both the potential and challenges of using rare pathological conditions as a tool for positive identification of human remains in historical forensic cases. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of β‐thalassaemia using individual fetal erythroblasts isolated from maternal blood after enrichment
Authors: Kolialexi A. , Vrettou C. , Traeger‐Synodinos J. , Burgemeister R. , Papantoniou N. , Kanavakis E. , Antsaklis A. , Mavrou A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSingle nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) isolated from maternal circulation were used for prenatal diagnosis of β‐thalassaemia. The study included 22 pregnant women in the first trimester, 6 carriers at risk for β‐thalassaemia and 16 noncarriers. Methodology involved enrichment of NRBCs by magnetic cell sorting (MACS) and microdissection of single NRBCs with a laser micromanipulation system. Single‐cell genotyping based on nested real‐time PCR for genotyping β‐globin gene mutations was performed followed by a multiplexed minifingerprinting to confirm the origin of the isolated cells and possible contamination. Two polymorphic markers (D13S314 and GABRB3) facilitated the identification of fetal NRBCs through comparison of allele sizes found in the respective parents. In this study, 224 single NRBCs were detached and transferred into individual PCR tubes. Allele amplification in at least one microsatellite marker was achieved in 128/224 cells.Minifingerprinting analysis showed that 22 cells were fetal, 26 maternal and 80 were noninformative due to ADO or homozygosity. In 6 NRBCs the β‐globin gene was amplified and in 2, coming from the same pregnancy, only the paternal mutation was detected. The low PCR success when genotyping isolated NRBCs was possibly due to the poor quality of fetal NRBCs and the relatively large size of the β‐globin gene product. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of purchase of antihypertensive and serum lipid‐reducing drugs in Sweden—individual data from national registers
Authors: Silwer Louise , Lundborg Cecilia Stålsby , Petzold Max 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeTo determine the prevalence of purchase of prescribed antihypertensive and/or serum lipid‐reducing pharmaceutical preparations among different age groups, from the age of 45, in the Swedish population. Further, to calculate the percentage of the population, from the age of 60, who purchased these pharmaceuticals without having had a circulatory diagnosis in the Hospital Discharge Register the last 7 years, or having purchased nitrate vasodilators, as an attempt to estimate the proportion of primary preventive treatments.MethodsA cross‐sectional study, of individual data on prescriptions for antihypertensives (C02–C03, C07–C09) and serum lipid‐reducing agents (C10), dispensed from July to December 2005 for the Swedish population. Data were obtained from the new Swedish Prescribed Drugs Register. The data were related to population statistics, and linked to data on diagnoses of cardiovascular disease (I00–I99), from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register 1998–2004. Data on individuals with purchase of antihypertensive or serum lipid‐reducing agents, but without a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, were also linked to purchase of nitrate vasodilators (C01D).ResultsAmong Swedes of 60 years and above, 53% purchased antihypertensive or serum lipid‐reducing pharmaceuticals, and 30% purchased the pharmaceuticals without having been hospitalized for a coronary or cerebrovascular event during the previous 7 years, or having purchased prescribed nitrate vasodilators during 6 months.ConclusionOver half of the Swedish senior population purchased prescribed antihypertensive or serum lipid‐reducing drugs during 6 months in 2005. The magnitude of the prevalence points to the importance of intensified follow‐up of both adverse effects and of effectiveness of these drugs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel tandem affinity purification strategy for the efficient isolation and characterisation of native protein complexes
Authors: Gloeckner Christian Johannes , Boldt Karsten , Schumacher Annette , Roepman Ronald , Ueffing Marius 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIsolation and dissection of native multiprotein complexes is a central theme in functional genomics. The development of the tandem affinity purification (TAP) tag has enabled an efficient and large‐scale purification of native protein complexes. However, the TAP tag features a size of 21 kDa and requires time consuming cleavage. By combining a tandem Strep‐tag II with a FLAG‐tag we were able to reduce the size of the TAP (SF‐TAP) tag to 4.6 kDa. Both moieties have a medium affinity and avidity to their immobilised binding partners. This allows the elution of SF‐tagged proteins under native conditions using desthiobiotin in the first step and the FLAG octapeptide in the second step. The SF‐TAP protocol represents an efficient, fast and straightforward purification of protein complexes from mammalian cells within 2.5 h. The power of this novel method is demonstrated by the purification of Raf associated protein complexes from HEK293 cells and subsequent analysis of their protein interaction network by dissection of interaction patterns from the Raf binding partners MEK1 and 14‐3‐3.
A doubly responsive AB diblock copolymer: RAFT synthesis and aqueous solution properties of poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide‐block‐4‐vinylbenzoic acid)
Authors: Lowe Andrew B. , Torres Marry , Wang Ran 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe describe herein the synthesis and self‐assembly characteristics of a doubly responsive AB diblock copolymer comprised of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and 4‐vinylbenzoic acid (VBZ). The AB diblock copolymer was prepared via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization in DMF employing a trithiocarbonate‐based RAFT agent. PolyNIPAM was employed as the macroRAFT agent. The NIPAM homopolymerization was shown to possess all the characteristics of a controlled process, and the blocking with VBZ was judged, by size exclusion chromatography, to be essentially quantitative. The NIPAM‐VBZ block copolymer was subsequently demonstrated to be able to form normal and inverse micelles in the same aqueous solution by taking advantage of the stimuli responsive characteristics of both building blocks. Specifically, and as judged by NMR spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering, raising the temperature to 40 °C (above the lower critical solution temperature of the NIPAM block), while at pH 12 results in supramolecular self‐assembly to yield nanosized species that are composed of a hydrophobic NIPAM core stabilized by a hydrophilic VBZ corona. Conversely, lowering the solution pH to 2.0 at ambient temperature results in the formation of aggregates in which the VBZ block is now hydrophobic and in the core, stabilized by the hydrophilic NIPAM block. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5864–5871, 2007
Magnetic poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) microspheres by dispersion and inverse emulsion polymerization
Authors: Macková Hana , Králová Daniela , Horák Daniel 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop novel thermally responsive polymer microspheres with magnetic properties. Dispersion and inverse emulsion copolymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm) was investigated in the presence of γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The resulting microspheres were characterized in terms of morphology, size, polydispersity, iron content, and temperature‐dependent swelling using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, QELS, and AAS. The effects of several variables, such as the concentration of γ‐Fe2O3, MBAAm crosslinking agent, Span 80 surfactant, 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methyloctanenitrile) (AMON) initiator, and polymerization temperature on the properties of the microspheres were studied. Swelling and thermoresponsive behavior of the microspheres containing γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles were also investigated. The microspheres contained about 8 wt % of iron. The presence of magnetic nanoparticles and their concentration changes did not have any significant effect on the temperature sensitivity of the composites. The particles gradually shrink into an increasingly collapsed state when the temperature is raised to 40 °C since the increase in temperature weakens the hydration and PNIPAAm chains gradually become more hydrophobic, which leads to the collapse of the particles. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5884–5898, 2007
Acyl chloride‐facilitated condensation polymerization for the synthesis of heat‐sensitive poly(anhydride‐ester)s
Authors: Qian Haitao , Mathiowitz Edith 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe succeeded in developing the acyl chloride‐facilitated condensation polymerization method for the synthesis of new poly(anhydride‐ester)s with aromatic side groups, which cannot be polymerized by the classic melt condensation polymerization method. Using chlorinated and acylated carboxylic acids as the intermediates, the polymerization was carried out at low temperatures of 120 or 135 °C to yield pure poly(anhydride‐ester)s of molecular weights as high as 1.55 × 105 with minimal side‐reactions. A homogeneous route of preparation was developed and optimized, using butyric anhydride as the acylating reagent and oxalyl chloride as the chlorinating reagent. A comparison of the mechanisms of the classic method and the new method indicates that the effects of transacylation—cyclization and oligomer formation—were greatly reduced due to the high reactivity of carboxylic acid chloride and the steric effect of bulky acyl groups. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5899–5915, 2007
Synthesis of crosslinkable fluorinated polyesters for optical waveguide devices
Authors: Fei Xu , Hu Juan , Zhang Haiming , Sha Pengyu , Piao Jicheng , Cui Zhanchen , Zhang Daming 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA series of novel crosslinkable, highly fluorinated polyesters were synthesized by copolycondensation reactions of terephthaloyl chloride with 4, 4′‐(hexafluoroisopropy‐lidene)‐diphenol and 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7‐dodecafluoro‐octane‐1,8‐diol, followed by reaction with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The resulting polyesters with the molecular weights (Mn: 12,100–20,000 g mol−1) and polydispersities (1.49–2.25) were useful for the fabrication of polymer optical devices because of their good solubility in common organic solvent and the processable flexibility. The ratios of the components of the polyesters were characterized by FTIR and NMR. The polyesters had high glass transition temperature (Tg,: up to 170 °C) and good thermal stabilities (Td: up to 470 °C). The refractive index of the polyester film was tuned and controlled in the range of 1.447–1.576 at 1550 nm by monitoring the component fractions during the preparation procedures. Low‐loss optical waveguides were fabricated from the resulting polyesters and the propagation loss of the channel waveguides was measured to be around 0.56 dB/cm at 1550 nm. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5923–5931, 2007
Low potential electrochemical polymerization of diphenyl ether and characterization of its polymers
Authors: Xu Jingkun , Wan Liang , Li Yuzhen , Liu Houting , Pu Shouzhi , Shen Liang 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHigh‐quality poly(diphenyl ether) (PDPE) films with electrical conductivity of 4.4 × 10−1 S cm−1 were synthesized electrochemically by direct anodic oxidation of diphenyl ether (DPE) in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) containing 5% concentrated sulfuric acid (SA) (by volume). The oxidation potential onset of DPE in pure BFEE was measured to be only 1.37 V versus a saturated calomel electrode (SCE), which was much lower than that determined in acetonitrile + 0.1 mol L−1 tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (1.98 V vs. SCE). The addition of SA to BFEE can further decrease the oxidation potential onset of the monomer to 1.18 V versus SCE in the mixed electrolyte of BFEE + 5% SA. PDPE films obtained from this medium showed good redox activity and stability even in concentrated SA. Dedoped PDPE films were partly soluble in the strong polar organic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide. Fluorescent spectral studies indicated that soluble PDPE was a good blue‐light emitter with a quantum yield of 0.30. Infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations indicated that the electropolymerization of DPE occurred mainly at C4 and C4′. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5932–5941, 2007
Preparation of temperature‐responsive polymer gels physically immobilizing core‐shell type bioconjugates
Authors: Harada Atsushi , Johnin Kunio , Kawamura Akifumi , Kono Kenji 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPoly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) gels are temperature‐responsive polymer gels; and were prepared by redox polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide in the presence of N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking reagent and core‐shell type bioconjugates, which were core‐crosslinked polyion complex micelles formed from the mixture of bovine pancreas trypsin and poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(α,β‐aspartic acid). The phase transition temperature of PNIPAAm gels was no change with physically immobilization of bioconjugates. Also, the enzymatic activity of bioconjugates was essentially maintained even in PNIPAAm gels, although enzymatic reaction rate was apparently controlled by temperature, i.e., by the degree of swelling of PNIPAAm gels. Further, the control of enzymatic reaction synchronizing the phase transition of PNIPAAm gels immobilized bioconjugates. PNIPAAm gels could immobilize core‐shell type bioconjugates, and were successfully prepared without interfering with the properties of temperature‐responsive polymer gels and the bionanoreactor. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5942–5948, 2007