bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral palsy and anorexia nervosa
Authors: Webb Kate , Morgan John , Lacey J. Hubert 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective:To describe the management of a woman with cerebral palsy and anorexia nervosa.Method:We carried out a literature search and gained consent and a history from the patient. We explored the etiological and ethical issues raised in this case.Results:Etiological issues are raised, looking at the interaction between physical disability and self‐image. Clinical and practical difficulties of caring for a patient with physical disability properly on an eating disorder unit are discussed, as well as ethical issues concerning mental capacity and the use of the mental health act in anorexia nervosa.Conclusion:This case reminds us again that we can learn much from listening to patients. In this instance, service and operational policies on managing disabilities on the unit, were shaped by her input. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Activity‐based anorexia during adolescence does not promote binge eating during adulthood in female rats
Authors: Cai Wenli , Bocarsly Miriam E. , Arner Candice N. , Walsh B. Timothy , Foltin Richard W. , Hoebel Bartley G. , Barbarich‐Marsteller Nicole C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective:Given the frequency of transition from anorexia nervosa to bulimia nervosa, this study investigated whether a history of activity‐based anorexia (ABA) during adolescence would promote binge eating during adulthood in female rats.Method:Adolescent rats were given 1‐h unlimited access to chow and ad libitum access to a running wheel until body weight reached <80%, indicating the development of ABA. During adulthood, all groups were given 21 days of access to a palatable food for 2 h/day and ad libitum access to chow.Results:During adolescence, rats in the ABA paradigm developed increased wheel running and decreased food intake, reaching <80% of body weight after 3 days. However, there were no significant differences between groups in the amount of binge food consumed during adulthood.Conclusion:A brief episode of ABA during adolescence did not lead to increased binge eating later in life. Longer‐term models are needed to determine whether a propensity toward binge eating may result from more sustained ABA during adolescence. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Maternal behaviors and restrained eating and body dissatisfaction in young children
Authors: Anschutz Doeschka J. , Kanters Linda J.A. , Van Strien Tatjana , Vermulst Ad A. , Engels Rutger C.M.E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective:The present study aimed at testing the relations between maternal weight concern and maternal encouragement to be thin as perceived by the child, and restraint and body dissatisfaction in young children.Method:Cross‐sectional data were collected among 501 children (aged 7–10), using self‐reports on maternal behaviors, body dissatisfaction, and restraint. Height and weight were objectively measured. Model testing was conducted with M+, and multigroup tests were conducted to test differences between the sexes, and between younger and older children.Results:Associations between the child's perception of maternal encouragement to be thin and child body dissatisfaction and restrained eating were found, whereas the child's perception of maternal weight concern was primarily related to child restrained eating. No sex differences were found, but the relations were stronger for the older children.Conclusion:Not only in girls, but in boys as well the child's perception of maternal behaviors plays a role. At primary school age children may become more vulnerable to possible maternal influences. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Food volume effects on intake and appetite in women with binge‐eating disorder and weight‐matched controls
Authors: Latner Janet D. , Rosewall Juliet K. , Chisholm Amy M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective:Our study examined the effect of food volume on later intake and appetite ratings in 15 women with binge eating disorder (BED) and 15 healthy control women.Method:On nonconsecutive days, lower‐ volume (250 ml/171 kcal) and higher‐ volume milk‐based preloads (500 ml/171 kcal) were served in counterbalanced order. Thirty minutes later, appetite ratings and intake at a buffet‐style test‐lunch were assessed.Results:Higher‐volume preloads decreased hunger, desire to eat, excitement about eating, desire for dessert, and loss of control over eating at test meals, relative to lower‐volume preloads. Test‐meal intake was greater among BED participants than controls; intake did not differ by preload volume. BED participants' desire to eat, prospective consumption, excitement about eating, and desire for meals and desserts were higher than controls' ratings.Conclusion:Higher‐volume foods decreased hunger and related appetite ratings. Differences in food intake and appetite between BED and control participants provide further evidence for the validity of test meals to assess binge eating. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Anode attachment and received heat of argon torch plasma with high lateral airflow as function of current
Authors: Ishikawa Shuhei , Beppu Takuya , Iwao Toru , Inaba Tsuginori 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe torch plasma arc has useful characteristics of high energy and high current. The mode of torch plasma arcs can be flexible, even if the arc is exposed to the lateral gas. In this paper, we measured the input power, heat power, and heat efficiency of the torch plasma arc to the anode in order to determine the current effect on the anode attachment of plasma torch arc with high lateral air velocity, varying from 0 to 80 m/s at a plasma Ar flow rate of 12 slm. As a result, the input power increases with lateral gas velocity such as from about 8000 W to 16,000 W and the heat efficiency decreases with the lateral gas velocity such as from about 50% to 25% at the current I=150 A and appearance plasma length La=1 cm. These results could be applied to providing the electrical power from the ground to high‐speed mobiles, v.v., and to reducing an anode surface erosion by the anode spot movement. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(2): 29–35, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20479
Study of phase current measurement by the whole conductors clamping method for three‐phase cable
Authors: Iwasaki Fumio , Ohnishi Kazunori 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper describes a new measuring method for the phase current in a high‐voltage three‐phase cable. Twenty‐four pieces of independent coils wound around the coreless bobbins are used to make a CT sensor. The primary phase current may be calculated based on the output voltage of each coil. The certain correlation between the output voltage and primary phase current is observed by the experimental data. This new CT sensor enables the measurement of the phase current using the whole conductors clamping method for a three‐phase cable. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(2): 9–20, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20753
Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Porphyrin–Polyoxometalate Complexes (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 22/2008)
Authors: Allain Clémence , Favette Sophie , Chamoreau Lise‐Marie , Vaissermann Jacqueline , Ruhlmann Laurent , Hasenknopf Bernold 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe cover picture shows the coordination of two porphyrins to a functionalized polyoxometalate and a typical signature from fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The combination of porphyrins as photoactive molecules with polyoxometalates as redox‐active complexes is a way to elaborate new photocatalysts and photoactive materials. Organic ligands grafted onto the polyoxometalates allow for the control of the architecture of the assembly. Details on this approach are given in the article by L. Ruhlmann, B. Hasenknopf et al. on p. 3433 ff.
Phosphotungstic Acid Catalyzed Amidation of Alcohols
Authors: Wang Guan‐Wu , Shen Ye‐Bing , Wu Xue‐Liang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMild nucleophilic substitution reactions of benzhydrylic, benzylic, allylic, and simple aliphatic alcohols with sulfonamides, benzamide, and 4‐nitroaniline in the presence of 12‐phosphotungstic acid as an efficient, eco‐friendly, cheap, and air‐ and moisture‐tolerant catalyst for the construction of C–N bonds has been investigated. The amine derivatives were obtained in good yields (up to 98 %). The reusable nature of the 12‐phosphotungstic acid makes this protocol more attractive.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A numerical approximation of the thermal coupling of fluids and solids
Authors: Principe Javier , Codina Ramon 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this article we analyze the problem of the thermal coupling of fluids and solids through a common interface. We state the global thermal problem in the whole domain, including the fluid part and the solid part. This global thermal problem presents discontinuous physical properties that depend on the solution of auxiliary problems on each part of the domain (a fluid flow problem and a solid state problem). We present a domain decomposition strategy to iteratively solve problems posed in both subdomains and discuss some implementation aspects of the algorithm. This domain decomposition framework is also used to revisit the use of wall function approaches used in this context. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mobility of shear thinning viscous drops in a shear Newtonian carrying flow using DR‐BEM
Authors: Giraldo M. , Power H. , Flórez W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe study of drop behaviour has attracted great interest in the last years due to its importance in different industrial and biological systems. Most available works focus on Newtonian drops, excluding some very important applications such as polymer mixing. Simulations of non‐Newtonian drops have had only limited study, mostly in time‐dependent rheologies or simple flow cases. This work presents a boundary‐only formulation based on the dual reciprocity method to model the motion and deformation of non‐Newtonian shear thinning drops due to a shear Newtonian unbounded carrying flow. Pair‐wise interactions at low Reynolds number between two viscous shear thinning non‐Newtonian drops are numerically simulated in order to obtain mobility magnitudes under linear shear flow of different strengths. Separation of the drops in the direction perpendicular to the imposed flow field at high capillary number (small surface tension) and low viscosity ratio was favoured by shear thinning, increasing in magnitude as the capillary number increases and the viscous ratio decreases. Higher values of this separation occur at higher values of the viscosity ratio when compared with the case of Newtonian drops. In order to obtain a good physical description of the non‐Newtonian drop behaviour, while maintaining good computational performance, the non‐Newtonian viscosity is made to obey the truncated power law model. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluid forces on a square cylinder in oscillating flows with non‐zero‐mean velocities
Authors: Chen Chu‐Chang , Fang Fuh‐Min , Li Yi‐Chao , Huang Long‐Ming , Chung Cheng‐Yang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe unsteady forces on a square cylinder in sinusoidally oscillating flows with non‐zero‐mean velocities are investigated numerically by using a weakly compressible‐flow method with three‐dimensional large eddy simulations. The major parameters in the analysis are Keulegan–Carpenter number (KC) and the ratio between the amplitude and the mean velocities of the approaching flow (AR). By varying the values of KC and AR the resulting drag and lift of the cylinders are analyzed systematically at two selected approaching‐flow attack angles (0 and 22.5∘). In the case of the non‐zero attack angle, results show that both the drag and lift histories can be adequately described by Morison equations. However, Morison equations fail to correctly describing the lift history as the attack angle is zero. In addition, when the ratio of AR/KC is near the Strouhal number of the bluff‐body flow, the resulting drag is promoted due to the occurrence of resonance. Based on the results of systematic analyses, finally, the mean and inertia force coefficients at the two selected attack angles are presented as functions of KC and AR based on the Morison relationships. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive rehabilitation in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Kurz Alexander , Pohl Corina , Ramsenthaler Michaela , Sorg Christian 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the benefits of a multi‐component cognitive rehabilitation programme in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsPatients with MCI (n = 18) and patients with mild dementia in Alzheimer's disease (n = 10) participated in a 4‐week cognitive rehabilitation programme in a day clinic setting. The intervention was provided in group format and included activity planning, self‐assertiveness training, relaxation techniques, stress management, use of external memory aids, memory training, and motor exercise.ResultsAfter 4 weeks, MCI patients showed significant improvements on activities of daily living, mood, verbal and nonverbal episodic memory. In contrast, patients with mild dementia exhibited a non‐significant increase in verbal memory but no other changes. MCI subjects allocated to the waiting list control condition (n = 12) showed a significant re‐test effect on verbal episodic memory, but no improvement of everyday activities or mood.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates that patients with MCI benefit from a multi‐component cognitive rehabilitation programme with regard to activities of daily living, mood, and memory performance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of head motion in children during various fMRI language tasks
Authors: Yuan Weihong , Altaye Mekibib , Ret Jen , Schmithorst Vincent , Byars Anna W. , Plante Elena , Holland Scott K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurpose:Head motion during functional MRI scanning can lead to signal artifact, a problem often more severe with children. However, the documentation for the characteristics of head motion in children during various language functional tasks is very limited in the current literature. This report characterizes head motion in children during fMRI as a function of age, sex, and task.Methods:Head motion during four different fMRI language tasks was investigated in a group of 323 healthy children between the age of 5 and 18 years. A repeated measures ANOVA analysis was used to study the impact of age, sex, task, and the interaction of these factors on the motion.Results:Pediatric subjects demonstrated significantly different amounts of head motion during fMRI when different language tasks were used. Word‐Picture Matching, the only task that involved visual engagement, suffered the least amount of motion, which was significantly less than in any of the other three tasks; the latter were not significantly different from each other. Further examination revealed that the main effect of language task on motion was significantly affected by age, sex, and their interaction.Conclusion:Our results suggest that age, sex, and task are all associated with the degree of head motion in children during fMRI experiments. Investigators working with pediatric patients may increase their success by using task components associated with less motion (e.g., visual stimuli), or by using this large scale dataset to estimate the effects of sex and age on motion for planning purposes. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The roles of roads and agricultural land use in altering hydrological processes in Nam Mae Rim watershed, northern Thailand
Authors: Cuo Lan , Giambelluca Thomas W. , Ziegler Alan D. , Nullet Michael A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe distributed hydrology soil vegetation model (DHSVM) is applied in the 107 km2 Nam Mae Rim watershed (NMRW) in northern Thailand. Simulations using land cover scenarios for 1989 and 2002, extreme deforestation, and forest, each run with and without roads, show that roads have very small effects on the mean water fluxes, but significantly increase peak flows for all land cover scenarios. The magnitude of the road effect on peak flow depends on the land cover context in which the roads are placed. Roads have the smallest effect on peaks within the extreme deforestation scenario, and affect mainly the smallest peaks in the two homogeneous land cover scenarios (forest and extreme deforestation). Roads have the largest effect on peaks within the heterogeneous landscapes of the two historical land cover scenarios (1989 and 2002). This result indicates that, by conveying surface flow quickly to the stream, roads within a fragmented landscape are especially important in converting greater amounts of overland flow into higher peak flows. Without roads, the patchy land cover pattern buffers the impacts of the scattered overland flow source areas and limits increases in peak flows.The combined effects of land cover and roads are examined in comparison with forest. The 1989 and 2002 land cover patterns result in relatively small changes in the mean annual water balance, but with some significant changes in the seasonal distribution of fluxes. Streamflow is lower in the late wet season and higher in the dry season for the 1989 and 2002 scenarios compared with forest. Conversion from forest to any of the other land cover scenarios results in higher dry season evapotranspiration (ET) and lower wet season ET. The extreme deforestation scenario results in much lower wet season ET and much higher annual streamflow, but little change in dry season streamflow, in comparison with forest. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling changes in rill erodibility and critical shear stress on native surface roads
Authors: Foltz Randy B. , Rhee Hakjun , Elliot William J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of cumulative overland flow on rill erodibility and critical shear stress on native surface roads in central Idaho. Rill erodibility decreased exponentially with increasing cumulative overland flow depth; however, critical shear stress did not change. The study demonstrated that road erodibility on the studied road changes over the course of one or more consecutive overland flow events. Therefore, model simulations that fail to take into consideration this change will probably over‐estimate sediment yields. An exponential function describing the relationship between rill erodibility and cumulative overland flow depth is presented as a basis for future model development for simulating erosion on native surface roads. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subsurface drainage and salt leaching in irrigated land in south‐east Turkey
Authors: Bahçeci̇ İdri̇s , Nacar A. Suat 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWith respect to the expansion of waterlogging and salinity increase in irrigated areas of Turkey, this study was conducted to monitor and assess the effects of a subsurface drainage system on salt leaching in the Harran plain. The field experiment was carried out near Akçakale province, in Şanlıurfa, from 2001 to 2004. The subsurface drainage system reduced the salinity by about 80% in the topsoil (20 cm depth), at the end of the experimental period. Winter precipitation had no significant effect on salt leaching. A statistically significant relationship was found between the amount of drainage water and the salt leaching (R2 = 0.970). An exponential relationship was further detected between drainage water (Ddw)/soil depth (Ds) vs. remaining salt/initial salt values (C/C0) (R2 = 0.764). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing irrigation demand to improve seasonality of river flows
Authors: Khan Shahbaz , Ahmad Aftab , Malano Hector M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHuman interventions often lead to unsustainable river systems. There is always a trade‐off between level of socio‐economic gains from consumptive use in the river system and the need to maintain the natural seasonality of river flows supporting the ecosystem function. In the case of the Murrumbidgee River, Australia, irrigation demand is concentrated in the summer season while natural inflows to the river occur during the winter season. The summer‐dominated irrigation water demand has created environmental and supply problems by altering the natural flow regime. This paper presents a hydrologic assessment of a range of irrigation demand management options for improving the natural seasonality of the river flow. Among the possible alternatives, change of cropping pattern by achieving a better mix of summer and winter crops is recommended as the most feasible alternative, which can also save up to 211 million m3 of water yearly. This water can then be released during the winter time to augment the environmental flows of the river. Other irrigation demand management options explored in this paper include aquifer storage and recovery, on‐farm and off‐farm water savings and construction of intermediate surface water storages. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular dynamics/order parameter extrapolation for bionanosystem simulations
Authors: Miao Yinglong , Ortoleva Peter J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA multiscale approach, molecular dynamics/order parameter extrapolation (MD/OPX), to the all‐atom simulation of large bionanosystems is presented. The approach starts with the introduction of a set of order parameters (OPs) automatically generated with orthogonal polynomials to characterize the nanoscale features of bionanosystems. The OPs are shown to evolve slowly via Newton's equations, and the all‐atom multiscale analysis (AMA) developed earlier (Miao and Ortoleva, J Chem Phys 2006, 125, 44901) demonstrates the existence of their stochastic dynamics, which serve as the justification for our MD/OPX approach. In MD/OPX, a short MD run estimates the rate of change of the OPs, which is then used to extrapolate the state of the system over time that is much longer than the 10−14 second timescale of fast atomic vibrations and collisions. The approach is implemented in NAMD and demonstrated on cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) capsid structural transitions (STs). It greatly accelerates the MD code and its underlying all‐atom description of the nanosystems enables the use of a universal interatomic force field, avoiding recalibration with each new application as needed for coarse‐grained models. The source code of MD/OPX is distributed free of charge at https://simtk.org/home/mdopx and a web portal will be available via http://sysbio.indiana.edu/virusx. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009