bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β1‐integrins shedding in a guinea‐pig model of chronic asthma with remodelled airways
Authors: Bazán‐Perkins B. , Sánchez‐Guerrero E. , Vargas M. H. , Martínez‐Cordero E. , Ramos‐Ramírez P. , Álvarez‐Santos M. , Hiriart G. , Gaxiola M. , Hernández‐Pando R. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryBackground
A hallmark of airway remodelling in asthma is subepithelial fibrosis, but its relation with airway dysfunction is still controversial.Objective
To describe airway functional abnormalities and subepithelial remodelling induced by repetitive antigenic challenges.Methods
Nine inhaled antigenic challenges were applied every 10 days to guinea‐pigs sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA). Antigen‐induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AI‐AHR) to histamine and its immunohistopathological relationship was evaluated at the first, third and ninth OVA challenges.Results
From the first challenge on, OVA induced acute transient bronchoobstruction followed by development of AI‐AHR. A progressive rise in baseline Penh (a bronchoobstruction index) and granulocyte airway infiltration was also observed. After the ninth OVA challenge, the amount of extracellular matrix in the subepithelial region (SER) of bronchi and bronchioles was increased. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that this SER fibrosis was associated to β1‐integrin subunit overexpression, even in acellular areas. Immunoelectronmicroscopy corroborated the location of β1‐integrin in extracellular matrix, essentially in types l and II collagen fibres. Presence of α1‐ and α2‐integrin subunits in these areas was also corroborated. AI‐AHR was correlated with degree of SER increment, cell infiltration, and β1‐integrin expression.Conclusion
Our data suggested that β1‐integrin shedding produced by repetitive allergen challenges in guinea‐pigs was associated with collagen deposition in SER of bronchi and bronchioles, along with inflammatory cells infiltration and AI‐AHR development.
Maternal thyroid hormone concentration during late gestation is associated with foetal position at birth
Authors: Wijnen Hennie A. , Kooistra Libbe , Vader Huib L. , Essed Gerard G. , Mol Ben W. , Pop Victor J. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryObjective  To evaluate whether there is an association between maternal thyroid hormone and foetal cephalic head position at term gestation.Context  Rotation and flexion of the head enables the foetus to negotiate the birth canal. Low‐normal range thyroid hormone concentrations in euthyroid pregnant women constitute a risk of infant motor abnormality. We hypothesized that low normal maternal thyroid hormone levels are associated with increased risk of abnormal foetal position at delivery.Design  In 960 healthy Dutch women with term gestation and cephalic foetal presentation, thyroid parameters [foetal T4 (FT4), TSH and thyroid peroxidase antibody] were assessed at 36 weeks of gestation, and related to foetal head position (anterior cephalic vs. abnormal cephalic) and delivery mode (spontaneous vs. assisted delivery).Results  Women presenting in anterior position (n = 891) had significantly higher FT4 levels at 36 weeks of gestation than those with abnormal cephalic presentation (n = 69). There were no between‐group differences for TSH. Regression analyses indicated that the risk of abnormal head position decreased as a function of increasing FT4 [single odds ratio (OR) = 0·87, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0·77–0·98; multivariate OR = 0·88, 95% CI 0·72–0·99)]. A similar inverse relationship between maternal FT4 and risk of assisted delivery was obtained (OR = 0·86, 95% CI 0·79–0·95; OR = 0·91, 95% CI 0·84–0·98).Conclusion  The lower the maternal FT4 concentration at 36 weeks of gestation, the higher the risk of abnormal cephalic foetal presentation and assisted delivery.
Kisspeptin serum levels in girls with central precocious puberty
Authors: De Vries L. , Shtaif B. , Phillip M. , Gat‐Yablonski G. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryObjective  Central precocious puberty (CPP) causes early epiphyseal maturation, and early initiation of treatment improves final height. Unfortunately, there is no one parameter that can distinguish CPP from premature thelarche (PT), which is self‐limited and requires no therapy. In animal models, kisspeptin, the ligand for the G‐protein coupled receptor GPR54, was found to induce precocious activation of the gonadotrophic axis. Data on kisspeptin levels in girls with precocious puberty or in healthy prepubertal girls are lacking. We measured blood kisspeptin levels in girls with CPP and evaluated its potential as a clinical marker for CPP.Design  This was a case–control study.Patients  Thirty‐one girls clinically diagnosed with CPP and 14 prepubertal age‐matched healthy controls.Measurements  Kisspeptin blood levels.Results  Kisspeptin levels were significantly higher in the girls with CPP than in the controls: 14·62 ± 10·2 pmol/l vs. 8·35 ± 2·98 pmol/l, P < 0·05. Within the CPP group, there were no significant differences between the girls with a peak LH >5·0 IU/l and those with a peak LH ≤5·0 IU/l regarding kisspeptin or any of the clinical, laboratory or ultrasound parameters, or in Tanner stage. No correlation was found between kisspeptin and body mass index standard deviation score (BMI‐SDS) or height‐SDS (Ht‐SDS) for the entire cohort, or when analysed separately for the CPP group and the control group.Conclusions  Although kisspeptin is significantly higher in girls with true CPP than in age‐matched prepubertal controls, the evident overlap limits its use as a single diagnostic tool until further data obtained in larger studies should prove otherwise.
Teladorsagia circumcincta in the sheep abomasum: defining the role of dendritic cells in T cell regulation and protective immunity
Authors: MCNEILLY T. N. , DEVANEY E. , MATTHEWS J. B. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryParasitic nematodes of the small‐ruminant gastrointestinal tract pose a problem worldwide. The impact of these pathogens is worsened by the emergence of anthelmintic resistance to all three available classes of drugs. In addition to causing considerable economic loss, these parasites are detrimental to the health and welfare of sheep and goats. Vaccination offers an alternative approach to drug‐based control and a great deal of investment has gone into the investigation of protective antigens for some of these nematode species. However, attempts at vaccination are hindered by a lack of understanding of how best to promote protective immunity to nematode species, such as Teladorsagia circumcincta, which inhabits the abomasum of sheep. This situation contrasts with that in murine models of gastrointestinal nematode infection, where the basis of protective immunity is increasingly well understood. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the immune effector mechanisms elicited by T. circumcincta and consider the probable role of dendritic cells in the initiation of both effector and regulatory responses in the abomasum.
CLINICAL STUDY: Attentional bias in alcohol‐dependent patients: the role of chronicity and executive functioning
Authors: Loeber Sabine , Vollstädt‐Klein Sabine , Von Der Goltz Christoph , Flor Herta , Mann Karl , Kiefer Falk 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTIt has been suggested that the attention towards alcohol‐related stimuli increases with the duration of drinking and alcohol dependence. The present study aimed to assess whether an attentional bias was present in detoxified alcohol‐dependent patients, and if the magnitude of the attentional bias depended on the subject's drinking history and variables of executive functioning. Attentional bias was assessed in 30 alcohol‐dependent patients using a visual dot‐probe task with a picture presentation time of 50 ms. In addition, patients completed a variety of different cognitive tasks such as attention, continuous performance, working memory, set shifting and inhibitory control tests. Based on correlation analysis we split the patient sample on the median with regard to the duration of alcohol dependence and our results indicated a significant attentional bias towards alcohol‐associated pictures in patients dependent for less than 9 years, but not in patients with a longer duration of dependence. The two patient samples differed significantly with regard to attention and working memory functioning with patients who were dependent for more than 9 years showing a greater impairment. When impairment of attention and working memory were controlled for, the group differences in attentional bias were no longer significant. Our results indicate that differences with regard to drinking‐related variables as well as cognitive functioning seem to modulate attentional bias and need to be taken into account in models of drinking maintenance.
HEPATITIS C AND ADDICTION: Retention rate and side effects in a prospective trial on hepatitis C treatment with pegylated interferon alpha‐2a and ribavirin in opioid‐dependent patients
Authors: Ebner Nina , Wanner Christian , Winklbaur Bernadette , Matzenauer Christian , Jachmann Crispa Aeschbach , Thau Kenneth , Fischer Gabriele 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTHepatitis C viral (HCV) infection is present in 30 to 98% of intravenous drug users. Intravenous substance abuse represents the main route of HCV transmission in industrialized countries. A multi‐centre, randomized, controlled, prospective study assessed sustained virological response (SVR), adverse events such as depressive episodes and retention rate of HCV treatment in opioid‐dependent patients. Stabilized, opioid‐dependent patients with chronic HCV infection (genotype 2 or 3) received pegylated interferon alpha‐2a in combination with ribavirin 800 mg/day (Group A) or 400 mg/day (Group B). Participants were randomized, blocked and stratified by genotype and viral load. A standardized psychiatric assessment, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Van Zerssen's list of complaints were administered at each study visit. In 31 months, 300 opioid‐dependent patients were screened; 190 (63.3%) were hepatitis C antibody positive. According to study protocol, out of 75 ‘potential‐to‐treat’ patients with genotype 2 or 3, 17 stable patients (22.6%) were included in the study. All participants completed the study. Significant haemoglobin decreases occurred in both Groups A (P = 0.001) and B (P = 0.011). All the patients had an end‐of‐treatment (week 24) HCV RNA negativity. Fifteen (88.2%) achieved SVR at week 48. Overall, 52.9% developed depressive symptoms during treatment. Because of the prompt initiation of antidepressant medication at first appearance of depressive symptoms, no severe depressive episodes occurred. Our data show a high retention rate and reliability, and good viral response for both treatments. Hepatitis C treatment in stable opioid‐dependent patients was efficacious, suggesting that addiction clinics can offer antiviral therapy in combination with agonistic treatment as part of multi‐disciplinary treatment.
Blood Groups in Leukaemia and the Reticuloses
Authors: KAY H. E. M. , SHORTER R. G. 
Published: March 2009

RésuméLa répartition des groupes sanguins ABO, MN.S, P et Rh (C, c, D, E) chez ‐125 malades souffrant de leucémieu ou de réticuloses est examinée, et les résultats obtenus discutés.ZusammenfassungDie Verteilung der Blutgruppen ABO, MN.S, P und Rh (C, c, D, E) bei 125 Kranken mit Leukämie oder Retikulose werden zusammengesteut und die Resdtate diskutiert.
A Year's Experience in the Production of Lyophilized Single Donor Plasma
Authors: HEIZ R. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryIn February 1955, the Blood Transfusion Service of the Swiss Red Cross adopted a new method for the production of dried human plasma which involves separate processing of every blood unit. With this method, the risk of transmission of serum hepatitis is reduced to the same level as that incurred in whole blood transfusion. The technical aspects of the method are outlined and the experience gathered during the first year of its application is summarized. The incidence of early transfusion reactions to single donor plasma was 1.46%.RésuméDepuis le commencement de l'année 1955 le Laboratoire Central du Service de Transfusion de la Croix‐Rouge Suisse a introduit la fabrication de plasma desséché provenant d'un seul donneur, dans le but de réduire au minimum le risque de transmission de l'hépatite sérique. Les détails techniques de la méthode sont décrits et les résultats obtenues durant une année sont discutées. Le pourcentage des réactions précoces par transfusion de plasma provenant d'un seul donneur a été de 1.46%.ZusammenfassungUm das Risiko von Hepatitisübertragungen durch Trockenplasmn auf dasjenige von Vollblutkonserven herabzusetzen, wurde im Zentrallaboratorium des Blutspendedienstes des Schweizerischen Roten Kreuzes anfangs 1955 die Herstellung von Einzelspendertrockenplasma aufgenommen. Die technische Durchführung wird beschrieben, und die während eines Jahres gesammelten Erfahrungen werden mitgeteilt. Die Anzahl der Frühreaktionen bei der Transfusion von Einzelspenderplasma betrug 1,46%.
Hémagglutination passive des hématies tannées et recouvertes d'une substance plasmatique présente dam la fraction I et ses rapports avec la fibrinolyse ducaillot
Authors: DAUSSET J. , BERGEROT‐BLONDEL Y. , COLIN M. 
Published: March 2009

Summary

Addition of diluted and inactivated human serum to coagulated blood considerably accelerates fibrinolysis of the clot.
A close correlation was found in certain diseases, and in normal individuals under particular conditions, between the fibrinolytic activity of the serum and its ability to agglutinate erythrocytes treated with tannic acid and coated with Cohn's plasma fraction I.
The hemagglutinin is liberated by the clot during lysis. It is found in the gamma globulin fraction of the serum.

It is active only after heating at 56° C for 1/2 hour. It is presumably produced by the action of plasmin on fibrin.

The substance with which the tanned erythrocytes are coated may be: a) fibrinogen, or b) antiplasmin, or c) some other component of fraction I.

Résumé

La fibrinolyse a été recherché par une technique personnelle: l'addition de sérum humain dilué et inactivé accélérant considérablement la lyse.
Une corrélation étroite a été observée en pathologie et dans certaines circonstances à l'état normal entre une tendance fibrinolytique accrue et la positivité de la réaction d'hémagglutination des hématies tannées et recouvertes d'une substance plasmatique présente dans la fraction I.
II a été montré que la substance hdmagglutinante est libérée du caillot en voie de lyse. Cette substance est retrouvée dans la fraction gamma‐globulinique. Elle ne provoque l'hémagglutination qu'aprés chauffage de 30 minutes A 56° C. Elle est vraisemblablement le produit de la réaction de la plasmine sur la fibrine.
Quant à la substance qui sensibilise les hématies tannées elle peut être 1*deg; soit le fibrinogéne lui‐même, 2° soit l'antiplasmine 3° ou encore un autre composant de la fraction I.

Zusammenfassung

Durch Zusatz von verdünntem inaktiviertem Serum zum Blut gelingt es, die Fibrinolyse des Gerinnsels erheblich zu beschleunigen.
Seren, welche tanninbehandelte und mit Fraktion I nach Cohn beladene Erythrozyten agglutinieren, zeigen meistens eine verstarkte Fibrinolyse des Gerinnsels.
Die hämagglutinierende Substanz bildet sich während der Lyse des Gerinnsels. Sie findet sich in der Gammaglobulinfraktion des Serums und vermag die Hämagglutination nur nach vorgängiger Envärmung (30 Minuten 56°) auszulösen. Es handelt sich wahrscheinlich um eine Substanz, welche bei der Einwirkung von Plasmin auf Fibrin gebildet wird.
Beim aktiven Prinzip der Fraktion I handelt es sich entwedar um Fibrinogen, um Antiplasmin oder um ein noch unbekanntes Teil‐produkt dieser Plasmafraktion.
The Value of Fresh Serum in the Detection and Use of Anti‐Jka Antibody
Authors: STRATTON F. 
Published: March 2009

RésuméLa meilleure manière de conserver les sérums contenant l'anticorps anti‐Jka est de les lyophiliser aussitôt obtenus. Si l'on trouve qu'un sérum anti‐Jka, conservé à l'état congelé, a perdu de son activité, celle‐ci peut être restaurée par l'addition de sérum frais. Le facteur contenu dans le sérum frais, qui produit cet effet, est thermolabile, et il semble possible qu'il s'agisse de certaines fractions du complément. D'autre part, la propriété Jka des érythrocytes se conserve le mieux dans le sang coagulé ou défibriné.ZusammenfassungSeren, welche Anti‐Jka enthalten, erhalten am besten ihre Aktivität, wenn sie sofort nach Gewinnung lyophilisiert werden. Haben die Seren durch Lagerung an Wirksamkeit eingebüßt, so kann ihre Aktivität durch Zugabe von Frischserum erhöht werden. ‐ Die Jka‐Eigenschaft ihrerseits kann am besten mit Hilfe von aus geronnenem oder definibriertem Blut gewonnenen Erythrocyten nachgewiesen werden.
The Haemagglutinins of Crotalaria Striata
Authors: BIRD G. W. G. 
Published: March 2009

RésuméLes phythémagglutinines de Crotalaria striata se montrent actifs contre les érythrocytes des groupes A1, A2 et B, mais pas contre ceux du groupe O. Cette activité, qui est maximale contre le groupe A1, minimale contre le groupe B, est diseutée par rapport au facteur hypothétique C.ZusammenfassungPhythämagglutinine der Crotalaria striata wurden untersucht. Sie sind in fallender Stärke gegen A1‐, A2‐ und B‐Erythrocyten wirksam, nicht aber gegen die der Gruppe O. Dieses Phänomen wird im Zusammenhang mit dem hypothetischen Faktor C diskutiert.
Molecular Weight of Cold Hemagglutinins*
Authors: WEBER Rolf 
Published: March 2009

RésuméLes agglutinines de 5 cas d'anémie hémolytique chronique avec autoanticorps froids ont été examinées dans l'ultracentrifugeur. Les valeurs de s20 étaient de 17.6–18.0. Pour le poids moléculaire des agglutinines une valeur de 330 000 à 350 000 fut trouvée.ZusammenfassungBei 5 Fällen von chronischer Kälteagglutininkrankheit wurden die Kälteagglutinine angereichert. Bei der Sedimentationsanalyse wurden Werte von s20 = 17,6–18,0 ermittelt. Durch zusätzliche Diffusionsmessung wurde in einem Fall das Molekulargewicht des Kälteagglutinins zu 330 000 bis 350 000 bestimmt.
The Demonstration of a Haemoglobin E‐Like Compound in Some Cases of Thalassaemia
Authors: CROWLEY Mary F. , McSORLEY J. G. A. , AKSOY M. , LEHMANN H. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryA haemoglobin E‐like component has been demonstrated by paper electrophoresis in 14 individuals from Cyprus and Turkey. Thalassaemia major was found in four, and thalassaemia minor in seven. In two no evidence of thalassaemia was found, but family studies ascertained the presence of the thalassaemia gene in one, and made it likely in the other.In one instance sickle‐cell thalassaemia disease was found. The demonstration of the haemoglobin E‐like component in a person heterozygous for the genes for haemoglobin A and S, suggests that the formation of the component is under a different genetical control from that of haemoglobin E itself.RésuméUne substance semblable à l'hémoglobine E a été mise en évidence par électrophorèse sur papier chez 14 individus originaires de Chypre et de Turquie. Une thalassémie majeure se trouva chez 4 de ces personnes, une thalassémie mineure chez 7 autres. 2 individus ne montraient aucun signe de thalassémie, mais l'un d'eux possédait certainement, l'autre probablement le gène de la thalassémie.Une des personnes était malade de thalassémie à trépanocytes. La mise en évidence de la substance semblable à l'hémoglobine E chez une personne hétérozygote pour les gènes de l'himoglobine A et S fait penser que la formation de cette substance est réglée par un mécanisme héréditaire différent de celui qui s'applique à l'hémoglobine E elle‐même.ZusammenfassungBei 14 Zyprioten und Türken gelang es, mit Hilfe der Papierelektrophorese eine dem Hämoglobin E nahestehende Hämoglobinkomponente nachzuweisen. 4 dieser Individuen litten an Thalassaemia major, 7 an Thalassaemia minor. Bei 2 Individuen konnten keine Thalassämiesymptome nachgewiesen werden. Auf Grund der Untersuchung ihrer Familien ist aber anzunehmen, daß es sich bei diesen 2 Individuen um symptomlose Träger des Thalassämiegens handelte. Bei einem Individuum wurde eine Sichelzellthalassämie gefunden. Der Nachweis dieser Hämoglobin E‐ähnlichen Komponente bei einem Individuum mit Hämoglobin A und S spricht dafür, daß diese Komponente einen vom eigentlichen Hämoglobin E unterschiedlichen Erbgang aufweist.
Preparation and Properties of a Stable Human Plasma Protein Solution*
Authors: KRIJNEN H. W. , MASTENBROEK G. G. A. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe preparation of a heat‐stable human plasma protein solution by the ethanol fractionation method at low temperatures is described.The effect of heating for 10 hours at 60° C. on some properties of this protein solution has been investigated.RésuméLa préparation d'une solution de protéines plasmatiques humaines thermostabile par la méthode de fractionnement à l'éthanol à basse température est décrite, et le comportement de certaines propriétés de cette solution lorsqu'elle est chauffée à 60° C pendant 10 heures a été étudié.ZusammenfassungDie Herstellung einer wärmestabilen Plasmaproteinlosung wird beschrieben. Sie beruht auf einer Modifikation der Alkoholfraktionierungsmethode bei niedrigen Temperaturen. Der Einfluß der zehnstündigen Wärmebehandlung bei 60° C auf die Eiweiße dieser Lösung wurde untersucht.
Rh Antibodies in the Serum of Two ‐D‐/‐D‐ People*
Authors: HACKEL Emanuel 
Published: March 2009

SummarySeparation of the antibodies contained in two sera from persons of the Rh genotype ‐D‐/‐D‐ is described. The separation was accomplished by a series of absorptions and elutions and both sera were found to contain the following antibodies: anti‐C, anti‐c, anti‐E, anti‐e and anti‐f. In addition to the foregoing types of antibody, the evidence also supports the following mixed types: anti‐Cc, anti‐Ee and anti‐CCw. The suggestion that existing antigens in an individual exert a canalizing effect on immune response, first made by Race, Sanger and Selwyn in 1951, is supported by the evidence gathered in this investigation.RésuméLes anticorps contenus dam le sérum de 2 personnes possédant le génotype Rh ‐D‐/‐D‐ ont été éxaminés. Par le moyen d'une série d'absorptions et d'élutions il a été possible de distinguer dans chacun des deux sérums les anticorps suivants: anti‐C, anti‐c, anti‐E, anti‐e et anti‐f. Il semble aussi qu'en plus des anticorps sus‐mentionnés il y avait dans ces sérums des anticorps mixtes, soit anti‐Cc, anti‐Ee et anti‐CCw. Les résultats obtenus sont en accord avec la thèse, émise en 1951 par Race, Sanger et Selwyn, selon laquelle les antigènes que possède un individu exercent un effet modérateur et canalisateur sur la formation d'anticorps par cet individu.ZusammenfassungDie Trennung der im Serum von zwei ‐D‐/‐D‐Individuen enthaltenen Isoantikörper wird beschrieben. Durch wiederholte Absorption und Elution gelang es, folgende Antikörper nachzuweisen: Anti‐C, Anti‐c, Anti‐E, Anti‐e und Anti‐f. Zusätzlich zu diesen Antikörpern enthielten diese Seren wahrscheinlich noch die folgenden Mischantikörper: Anti‐Cc, Anti‐Ee und Anti‐ CCw. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen bestätigen die 1951 von Race, Sanger und Selwyn geäußerte Ansicht, daß die Spezifität von antierythrozytären Isoantikörpern durch die in den Erythrozyten des Antikörperbildners enthaltenen Antigene beeinflußt wird.