bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global atmospheric energetics from NCEP–Reanalysis 2 and ECMWF–ERA40 Reanalysis
Authors: Marques Carlos A. F. , Rocha Alfredo , Corte‐Real João , Castanheira José M. , Ferreira Juan , Melo‐Gonçalves Paulo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe global atmospheric energy cycle is estimated on an annual basis using Reanalysis 2 data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR), and ERA 40 Reanalyses from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for the period 1979–2001. A formalism to avoid belowground data on pressure levels intercepted by topography is adopted. No appreciable differences were found between the two datasets from the energetics point of view. The so‐called ωα and v·grad z formulations were both used for the conversions from zonal available potential energy into zonal kinetic energy (CZ) and from eddy available potential energy into eddy kinetic energy (CE). Results with both formulations are comparable only when using the formalism preventing belowground data to enter into the computations.Atmospheric energetics are also computed using ECMWF Reanalyses for the period 1958–1978. A significant increase was found in the eddy kinetic and eddy available potential energies from the early period to the later period, likely related to the assimilation in the reanalyses of satellite data after 1979. The conversion rate, CZ, was found to change its sign throughout the years.The atmospheric energy cycle using the ECMWF Reanalyses data is compared with five previous estimates. Differences in the direction of the conversion rate, CZ, between the various estimates may be explained by the different time periods chosen for averaging. Owing to the omission of belowground data, the conversion from zonal available potential energy into eddy available potential energy (CA) was somewhat smaller in ECMWF Reanalyses than in the previous estimates. Despite those differences, an overall agreement may be found between the various estimates for the atmospheric energy cycle. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
A prospective study of surgical margin status in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A preliminary report
Authors: Yahalom Ran , Dobriyan Alex , Vered Marilena , Talmi Yoav P. , Teicher Shlomo , Bedrin Lev 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA protocol was created for prospective margin status evaluation of patients with Oral SCC. Margins are evaluated intra‐ and post‐operatively during three stages. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 in which one margins were sampled randomly, group 2 with frozen sections taken from the surgical bed and 3 in which they were taken from the tumor specimen itself. Patients in group 3 showed the best correlation with final margin status and survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:572–578. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing the optimal duration of chemotherapy in patients with colorectal liver metastases
Authors: White Rebekah R. , Schwartz Lawrence H. , Munoz Jose A. , Raggio Greer , Jarnagin William R. , Fong Yuman , D'Angelica Michael I. , Kemeny Nancy E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFew studies have addressed the optimal duration of chemotherapy, particularly prior to liver resection for colorectal liver metastases (CLM). The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate time to maximal response in patients receiving systemic ± hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy alone for the treatment of CLM.MethodsWe reviewed 35 patients with CLM on clinical trials of HAI floxuridine/dexamethasone plus systemic oxaliplatin with 5‐fluorouracil/leucovorin or irinotecan (PUMP + SYSTEMIC). We retrospectively identified 35 patients with CLM who received first‐line systemic 5FU/leucovorin/oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) ± bevacizumab (SYSTEMIC) during the same time period. Measurable disease was evaluated on CT scans performed at 2‐month intervals. The sum of the products of bi‐dimensional tumor measurements for representative lesions was compared both to baseline imaging and between consecutive time points.ResultsIn responders to therapy, mean cumulative tumor reduction increased from 61% at 2 months to 73% at 4 months in the PUMP + SYSTEMIC group (P < 0.01) and from 39% to 56% in the SYSTEMIC group (P < 0.01). No significant incremental tumor reduction occurred between 4 and 6 months in either group.ConclusionsIn responders to preoperative therapy, surgical resection should be considered after 2–4 months, when most patients have achieved maximal response. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:601–604. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and quantification of differentially represented transcripts in in vitro and in vivo derived preimplantation bovine embryos
Authors: McHughes C.E. , Springer G.K. , Spate L.D. , Li R. , Woods R. , Green M.P. , Korte S.W. , Murphy C.N. , Green J.A. , Prather R.S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIdentification of transcripts at key development stages of preimplantation embryos is critical for a better understanding of early embryogenesis. The current study had two aims. The first was to characterize the relative abundance of multiple transcripts during several developmental stages, namely, metaphase II‐stage oocytes (MPII), as well as 2‐cell, precompact morula (PCM) and in vitro‐produced blastocyst (IVTBL) stage embryos. The second was to characterize differences in the relative abundance of transcripts present in in vivo‐ (IVVBL), in vitro‐ (IVTBL), and nuclear transfer‐derived (NTBL) blastocysts. It was hypothesized that the identification of differentially represented transcripts from these embryos would reveal not only developmentally important genes, but also genes that might be aberrantly expressed due to embryo production techniques. Individual clusters from a large bovine expressed sequence tag (EST) library (http://genome.rnet.missouri.edu/bovine/) of female reproductive tissues and embryos were compared using Fisher's Exact Test weighted by number of transcripts per tissue by gene. Of the 3,144 transcripts that were present during embryogenesis, 125 were found to be differentially represented (P ≤ 0.01) in at least one pairwise comparison. Fifteen of these transcripts were selected for further examination using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRTPCR) to determine differences in transcript abundance. Twelve of the 15 transcripts were differentially represented (n = 9, P ≤ 0.01; n = 3, P ≤ 0.05) in at least one pairwise comparison. In summary, identification of differentially represented transcripts in early embryo development, which are modulated by in vitro techniques, should provide markers to ensure the production of embryos closer to those developed in vivo. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 48–60, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metallocene Combinations in Ethylene Polymerization: A Cyclic and Differential Pulse Voltammetry Study
Authors: Silveira Fernando , de Sá Denise Santos , da Rocha Zênis Novais , dos Santos João Henrique Zimnoch 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA series of metallocenes, namely [Cp2ZrCl2], [(MeCp)2ZrCl2], [(nBuCp)2ZrCl2], [(iBuCp)2ZrCl2], [(tBuCp)2ZrCl2], [Cp2TiCl2], [Et(Ind)2ZrCl2], [Et(IndH4)2ZrCl2] and [MeSi2(Ind)2ZrCl2)], were combined in a 1:1 molar ratio within a reactor for ethylene polymerization, with MAO as the cocatalyst. The catalysts were characterized by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. The combined systems that showed the highest and lowest activities were combined in 1:3 and 3:1 molar ratios. The catalyst activity in the ethylene polymerization reaction is discussed in terms of the estimated consumption rate, decomposition rate constant and half‐life of the metallocene species formed with MAO in an ethylene atmosphere.magnified image
Medizinische Chemie der Trizyklischen Antidepressiva. Targets und Stereochemie
Authors: Zettl Heiko , Schubert‐Zsilavecz Manfred , Siebert Carsten D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAntidepressiva gehören zu den am häufigsten verschriebenen Arzneistoffen in Deutschland. Das Verordnungsvolumen zu Lasten der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen betrug in 2006 insgesamt 767 Mio. Tagesdosen, wovon 255,6 Mio. auf die trizyklischen Antidepressiva (TCA) entfielen. Dabei sind Depressionen längst nicht mehr das einzige Indikationsgebiet für TCA, sie werden auch bei Zwangssyndromen, bei neuropathischem Schmerz und als Hypnotika eingesetzt.
Trizyklika als Co‐Analgetika. Therapieoption bei chronischen Schmerzen
Authors: Leuner Kristina , Müller Walter E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAnhand der klinischen Studien können trizyklische Antidepressiva und die dual wirksamen neuen Substanzen sowohl für die Behandlung von neuropathischem Schmerz als auch für die Therapie des Nozizeptorschmerzes eingesetzt werden. Die Entscheidung welchen Arzneistoff der jeweilige Patient bekommt, sollte aufgrund des Nebenwirkungprofils, der Kontraindikationen und der weiteren Erkrankungen des Patientes erfolgen. Patienten, die unter neuropathischem Schmerz und zusätzlich unter Angst, Depressionen oder Schlaflosigkeit leiden, profitieren von einem trizyklischen oder einem selektiven dualen Antidepressivum mehr als von der Gabe eines Antiepileptikums.
Trizyklische Antidepressiva als Schlafmittel. Medikamentöse Behandlungsoptionen bei Insomnie
Authors: Doerr John Peter , Riemann Dieter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn der Insomniebehandlung gibt es sowohl psychotherapeutische als auch medikamentöse Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. Durch eine genaue Anamnese, Diagnostik und individuelle Abwägung der möglichen Risiken und Nebenwirkungen kann für die meisten Patienten eine Beschwerdelinderung erbracht bzw. das richtige “Schlafmittel” gefunden werden. Der Einsatz sedierender Antidepressiva in der Insomniebehandlung nimmt stetig zu. Allerdings ist der Einsatz von TZA als Schlafmittel und insbesondere der von Amitriptylin mittlerweile auch als kritisch zu bewerten, da Substanzen mit kürzerer Halbwertszeit wie Trazodon in der Depressionsbehandlung und neuere Substanzen mit vermeintlich geringeren Nebenwirkungen wie Mirtazapin oder Benzodiazepin‐Agonisten zur Verfügung stehen. Trotzdem stellen TZA bei guter Verträglichkeit oder bei begleitenden affektiven Erkrankungen weiterhin eine äußerst effiziente und erfolgreiche Therapieoption ohne Risiko einer Toleranzentwicklung dar. Die medikamentöse Insomniebehandlung im Alter scheint sowohl mit TZA als auch mit Benzodiazepin‐Agonisten schwierig. Alternative Methoden wie Lichttherapie zur Tag‐Nacht‐Strukturierung oder der Einsatz von Neuroleptika gewinnen in dieser Altersgruppe zunehmend an Bedeutung. Letztlich muss in weiteren Studien die Langzeiteffektivität und Sicherheit sedierender Antidepressiva bzw. TZA gegenüber Benzodiazepin‐Agonisten, konservativer psychotherapeutischer und alternativer medikamentöser Behandlungen überprüft werden.
Individualisierte Therapie mit trizyklischen Antidepressiva. Pharmakogenetik der Depression
Authors: Hiemke Christoph 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBei der medikamentösen Behandlung eines depressiven Patienten spricht bei weitem nicht jeder auf das verschriebene Antidepressivum und die gewählte Dosis an. Infolgedessen sind häufig Änderungen der Therapie notwendig. Dies gilt für trizyklische Antidepressiva ebenso wie für alle anderen Antidepressiva.
Klinische Toxikologie der Trizyklischen Antidepressiva. Moderne Antidepressiva verringern Suizidgefahr
Authors: Frey Richard , Kindler Jochen , Naderi‐Heiden Angela 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDie TZA haben aufgrund α1‐adrenerger, antihistaminerger und anticholinerger Nebenwirkungen unerwünschte Begleiteffekte, die moderne Antidepressiva, insbesondere SSRI, nicht haben. Darüber hinaus haben TZA relevante kardiotoxische Wirkung durch eine chinidinartige Blockade der schnellen Natrium‐Kanäle in der Herzmuskelzelle. Das Toxidrom bei Überdosierung mit TZA beinhaltet zerebrotoxische (inkl. Delir, Koma, Krampfanfall) und kardiotoxische Komplikationen (inkl. QTc‐Verlängerung, Kammertachykardien). Die LD50 der TZA im Tierversuch liegt bei 135 bis 750 mg/kg KG, womit sie laut EU‐Direktiven als wenig bis mäßig giftig einzuschätzen sind. Die therapeutische Breite (Letale Plasmakonzentration/therapeutische Plasmakonzentration) ist geringer als bei modernen Antidepressiva. Fallberichte und Fallserien zeigen eine höhere Koma‐Rate unter TZA im Vergleich zu SSRI Vergiftungen. Mehrere Post‐mortem‐Studien haben gezeigt, dass unter Berücksichtigung der Verordnungsgepflogenheiten die TZA unverhältnismäßig häufiger zu fatalen Intoxikationen führen als moderne Antidepressiva. Die Etablierung moderner Antidepressiva hat einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Reduktion von Suiziden durch Antidepressiva‐Intoxikation geleistet.
H5N1 mit einem besonderen Gespür für Zuckerketten
Authors: Zündorf Ilse , Dingermann Theo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEs ist ruhiger geworden um die Vogelgrippe und um H5N1. Und das obwohl in Indonesien seit Beginn des Jahres 15 Menschen an aviärer Influenza erkrankt und 12 davon verstorben sind (Stand 8.4.2008) und obwohl 2007 in Deutschland 326 Infektionen mit dem hochpathogenen H5N1‐Virus an Wildvögeln registriert wurden.
Synthesis, characterization and biocompatibility of novel biodegradable poly[((R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐block‐(D,L‐lactide)‐block‐(ε‐caprolactone)] triblock copolymers
Authors: Wu Linping , Chen Shaoting , Li Zibiao , Xu Kaitian , Chen Guo‐Qiang 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Biodegradable block copolymers have attracted particular attention in both fundamental and applied research because of their unique chain architecture, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Hence, biodegradable poly[((R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐block‐(D,L‐lactide)‐block‐(ε‐caprolactone)] (PHB‐PLA‐PCL) triblock copolymers were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their biocompatibility.RESULTS: The results from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the novel triblock copolymers were successfully synthesized. Differential scanning calorimetry and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction showed that the crystallinity of PHB in the copolymers decreased compared with methyl‐PHB (LMPHB) oligomer precursor. Blood compatibility experiments showed that the blood coagulation time became longer accompanied by a reduced number of platelets adhering to films of the copolymers with decreasing PHB content in the triblocks. Murine osteoblast MC3T3‐E1 cells cultured on the triblock copolymer films spread and proliferated significantly better compared with their growth on homopolymers of PHB, PLA and PCL, respectively.CONCLUSION: For the first time, PHB‐PLA‐PCL triblock copolymers were synthesized using low molecular weight LMPHB oligomer as the macroinitiator through ring‐opening polymerization with D,L‐lactide and ε‐caprolactone. The triblock copolymers exhibited flexible properties with good biocompatibility; they could be developed into promising biomedical materials for in vivo applications. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimizing the magnetic contrast in the optical second‐harmonic response of capped magnetic nanostructures grown on vicinal surfaces
Authors: Carroll L. , Fleischer K. , McGilp J. F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMeasuring the magnetic response from buried interfaces using magnetic second harmonic generation (MSHG) is difficult due to the general complexity of the response and the often poor signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Low dimensional nanostructures grown by self‐assembly at aligned atomic steps, which typically exhibit only 1m symmetry, are particularly challenging. Near‐normal incidence SHG simplifies the crystallographic nonlinear response from such low symmetry systems by effectively excluding z‐dependent tensor components. A phenomenology is developed to show that, for 1m vicinal systems, careful choices of input and output polarization and experimental geometry can produce enhanced magnetic contrast and thus allow magnetic hysteresis loops with improved SNR to be extracted. An example of the application of this new MSHG approach to Fe monolayers grown on vicinal W(110), capped by 16 nm of Au, is discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical second‐harmonic generation studies of Si(111)‐√3×√3‐Ag and Si(111)‐3×1‐Ag grown on vicinal Si(111)
Authors: Jacob J. , Gomes Silva A. , Fleischer K. , McGilp J. F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOptical second‐harmonic generation (SHG) studies, at room temperature, of Si(111)‐√3×√3‐Ag and Si(111)‐3×1‐Ag structures grown on vicinal Si(111) are reported. The vicinal substrate produces a predominant domain on the (111) terrace that reveals the full surface symmetry. The ratio of p‐ to s‐output polarization intensity of these Ag structures was found to be very large, requiring precise alignment procedures. For the Si(111)‐3×1‐Ag structure it is shown, using s‐output measurements, that there are tensor components making significant contributions to the SH intensity that are identically zero in the presence of a mirror plane. This proves that the 3×1‐Ag structure does not possess such a mirror plane, in agreement with a previous SHG study of this structure grown on a singular surface. These results are contrasted with those from Si(111)‐√3×√3‐Ag, where the response is consistent with the presence of a mirror plane. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reflectance anisotropy studies of 5×2‐Au structures grown on Si(111) surfaces with different step formations
Authors: Jacob J. , McAlinden N. , Fleischer K. , Chandola S. , McGilp J. F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractReflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) studies are reported of Si(111)‐5×2‐Au structures grown on substrates with different offcuts and step densities. Such substrates produce a predominant domain on the (111) terrace that would otherwise produce a negligible RAS signal, due to domain averaging. Changes in the RAS spectra with offcut angle are observed in the 1 to 3 eV region, where Au‐induced structures appear. Results from offcuts towards [$ {\bar 1}{\bar 1} $2] of 2°, 3°, 9.5°, and ‐4° are presented. The variation in the RAS spectra is consistent with different populations of single‐ and double‐chain gold structures formed in the region of the steps. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoinduced spin waves in Fe/AlGaAs (001) heterostructure
Authors: Zhao H. B. , Talbayev D. , Fan Y. , Lüpke G. , Hanbicki A. T. , Li C. H. , Jonker B. T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPhotoinduced spin waves are investigated for Fe films on AlGaAs (001) using the time resolved magneto‐optical Kerr effect. We observe first and second order standing spin waves as well as uniform magnetization precession. The anisotropy fields and exchange stiffness constant are obtained from the field and azimuthal dependence of the spin wave frequencies using the Landau‐Lifshitz‐Gilbert equation. A comparison with spin wave resonance measurements reveals a more pronounced interface effect on the low order standing spin waves in thin films. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ordered structures of DNA on Au(110)
Authors: Mansley C. P. , Smith C. I. , Cuquerella M. C. , Farrell T. , Fernig D. G. , Edwards C. , Weightman P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractReflection Anisotropy Spectroscopy (RAS) is used to confirm that both single stranded (ss) and double stranded (ds) DNA formed ordered structures when adsorbed at Au(110)/phosphate buffer interface. The variation of the spectral intensity shows a cos 2θ dependence on the angle θ, which lies between the electric vector of the incident polarised light and the optical axes of the surface plane of the Au(110) establishing that the optical axes of both molecules are aligned with those of the Au(110) surface. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
What can be learnt on biologically relevant systems from the topological analysis of the electron localization function?
Authors: Piquemal J.‐P. , Pilmé J. , Parisel O. , Gérard H. , Fourré I. , Bergès J. , Gourlaouen C. , De La Lande A. , Van Severen M.‐C. , Silvi B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe topological analysis of the electron localization function (ELF) provides a convenient mathematical framework enabling an unambiguous characterization of bonds and more particularly in terms of bond types. In this contribution, we present an overview of the applications of this approach to biological and biomimetic systems. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
The development of a scale to measure the experience of spiritual connection and the correlation between this experience and values
Authors: Wheeler Philippa , Hyland Michael E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPrevious research shows religiosity (across several religions) is associated with conservative values (tradition, conformity and security) from the Schwartz value scale and not with spiritually oriented, self‐transcendent values. The relationship between religiosity and spirituality is controversial. We developed a 48‐item scale, the Spiritual Connection Questionnaire (SCQ)‐48, to measure experience and beliefs of spiritual connection, an aspect of spirituality that is consistent with religious and non‐religious or New Age interpretations of spirituality. We selected 14 items (SCQ‐14) that best predicted health and then tested the correlation between the SCQ‐14 and the SVS in a student and an older population in the UK. In both populations the SCQ‐14 was negatively associated with values at the self‐enhancing value pole (power, security and hedonism) and in the older population was positively associated with a value at the self‐transcendent value pole (universalism, but not benevolence). Religiosity has been shown to be associated with values that enhance societal identification and hence inter‐group differentiation and conflict. By contrast, we found that the experience of spiritual connection is associated with values that reduce inter‐group differentiation. Despite these differences, we found that self‐reported religiosity enhances spiritual experience. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous chronic rupture of quadriceps tendon and contra-lateral patellar tendon in a patient affected by tertiary hyperparatiroidism
Authors: Grecomoro Giuseppe , Camarda Lawrence , Martorana Umberto 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Spontaneous ruptures of the extensor mechanism of the knee are very rare. They tend to increase considerably in patients with metabolic diseases such as chronic renal failure, hyperparathyroidism, diabetes, gout, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The reported case regards a 48-year-old man with chronic, spontaneous and simultaneous quadriceps, and contra-lateral patellar tendon rupture. The patient suffered from chronic renal failure and for the past year from tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Ruptured tendons were repaired and both knee were evaluated monthly for the next 12 months. Good functional recovery was achieved on both knees without relapse. This case emphasizes the importance of long-term high parathyroid hormone level in the etiology of tendons ruptures.