bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Clinical Microbiology to Infection Pathogenesis: How Daring To Be Different Works forStaphylococcus lugdunensis
Authors: Frank Kristi L. , del Pozo José Luis , Patel Robin 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYStaphylococcus lugdunensishas gained recognition as an atypically virulent pathogen with a unique microbiological and clinical profile.S. lugdunensisis coagulase negative due to the lack of production of secreted coagulase, but a membrane-bound form of the enzyme present in some isolates can result in misidentification of the organism asStaphylococcus aureusin the clinical microbiology laboratory.S. lugdunensisis a skin commensal and an infrequent pathogen compared toS. aureusandS. epidermidis, but clinically, infections caused by this organism resemble those caused byS. aureusrather than those caused by other coagulase-negative staphylococci.S. lugdunensiscan cause acute and highly destructive cases of native valve endocarditis that often require surgical treatment in addition to antimicrobial therapy. Other types ofS. lugdunensisinfections include abscess and wound infection, urinary tract infection, and infection of intravascular catheters and other implanted medical devices.S. lugdunensisis generally susceptible to antimicrobial agents and shares CLSI antimicrobial susceptibility breakpoints withS. aureus. Virulence factors contributing to this organism's heightened pathogenicity remain largely unknown. Those characterized to date suggest that the organism has the ability to bind to and interact with host cells and to form biofilms on host tissues or prosthetic surfaces.
MONOIDS, EMBEDDING FUNCTORS AND QUANTUM GROUPS
Authors: MÜGER MICHAEL , TUSET LARS 
Published: January 2008

We show that the left regular representation πl of a discrete quantum group (A, Δ) has the absorbing property and forms a monoid [Formula: see text] in the representation category Rep (A, Δ). Next we show that an absorbing monoid in an abstract tensor *-category [Formula: see text] gives rise to an embedding functor (or fiber functor) [Formula: see text], and we identify conditions on the monoid, satisfied by [Formula: see text], implying that E is *-preserving. As is well-known, from an embedding functor [Formula: see text] the generalized Tannaka theorem produces a discrete quantum group (A, Δ) such that [Formula: see text]. Thus, for a C*-tensor category [Formula: see text] with conjugates and irreducible unit the following are equivalent: (1) [Formula: see text] is equivalent to the representation category of a discrete quantum group (A, Δ), (2) [Formula: see text] admits an absorbing monoid, (3) there exists a *-preserving embedding functor [Formula: see text].
COMBINATORIAL DEHN–LICKORISH TWISTS AND FRAMED LINK PRESENTATIONS OF 3-MANIFOLDS REVISITED
Authors: LINS SÓSTENES 
Published: January 2008

From a pseudo-triangulation with n tetrahedra T of an arbitrary closed orientable connected 3-manifold (for short, a 3D-space) M3, we present a gem J′, inducing 𝕊3, with the following characteristics: (a) its number of vertices is O(n); (b) it has a set of p pairwise disjoint couples of vertices {ui, vi}, each named a twistor; (c) in the dual (J′)⋆ of J′ a twistor becomes a pair of tetrahedra with an opposite pair of edges in common, and it is named a hinge; (d) in any embedding of (J′)⋆ ⊂ 𝕊3, the ∊-neighborhood of each hinge is a solid torus; (e) these p solid tori are pairwise disjoint; (f) each twistor contains the precise description on how to perform a specific surgery based in a Denh–Lickorish twist on the solid torus corresponding to it; (g) performing all these p surgeries (at the level of the dual gems) we produce a gem G′ with |G′| = M3; (h) in G′ each such surgery is accomplished by the interchange of a pair of neighbors in each pair of vertices: in particular, |V(G′) = |V(J′)|. This is a new proof, based on a linear polynomial algorithm, of the classical theorem of Wallace (1960) and Lickorish (1962) that every 3D-space has a framed link presentation in 𝕊3 and opens the way for an algorithmic method to actually obtaining the link by an O(n2)-algorithm. Actually this has been done and awaits a proper implentation.
The conductor interaction method
Authors: Rachovides Dorothy , Walkerdine James , Phillips Peter 
Published: January 2008

Computers have increasingly become part of our everyday lives, with many activities either involving their direct use or being supported by one. This has prompted research into developing methods and mechanisms to assist humans in interacting with computers (human-computer interaction, or HCI). A number of HCI techniques have been developed over the years, some of which are quite old but continue to be used, and some more recent and still evolving. Many of these interaction techniques, however, are not natural in their use and typically require the user to learn a new means of interaction. Inconsistencies within these techniques and the restrictions they impose on user creativity can also make such interaction techniques difficult to use, especially for novice users.
This article proposes an alternative interaction method, the conductor interaction method (CIM), which aims to provide a more natural and easier-to-learn interaction technique. This novel interaction method extends existing HCI methods by drawing upon techniques found in human-human interaction. It is argued that the use of a two-phased multimodal interaction mechanism, using gaze for selection and gesture for manipulation, incorporated within a metaphor-based environment, can provide a viable alternative for interacting with a computer (especially for novice users). Both the model and an implementation of the CIM within a system are presented in this article. This system formed the basis of a number of user studies that have been performed to assess the effectiveness of the CIM, the findings of which are discussed in this work.
Electrochemical Behavior of Calix[6]Arene-Based Supramolecular Models of Copper Enzymes
Authors: Zeitouny Joceline F. , Douziech Bénédicte , Over Diana , Izzet Guillaume , Reinaud Olivia , Le Mest Yves 
Published: January 2008

A supramolecular model of mononuclear Cu active site of copper enzymes was elaborated, [Cu(II)(calix[6]tren)(L)]2+; the	retention of guest molecules in its calixarene cone during Cu	(II)/Cu(I) redox transformations and reactivity of its reduced	form of this new complex [Cu(I)(calix[6]tren)(L)]+ with O2 have been studied in CH3CN, PhCN and CH2Cl2.
Inhibition of Electrocrystallization of a Copper Monoatomic Layer by a Polyacrylamide Additive in an Acid Sulfate Solution
Authors: Yurchenko Natalya , Trofimenko Vitaliy 
Published: January 2008

Peculiarities of an influence of polyacrylamide (PAA) on the charge transfer and crystallization stages during	galvanostatic growth of monoatomic layer of copper from an acid sulfate solution were studied. An analysis of the electrode process was based on Vetter's conception of additivity of charge transfer and crystallization overpotentials ηD and ηc. A probable mechanism of an influence	of the additive consists in inhibition of growth steps of the	deposit by a mixed adsorption layer of HSO4- ions and PAA. That layer creates an additional potential barrier to incorporation of copper adatoms into growth sites. Inhibition of the crystallization stage by PAA results in both an increase of ηc and a considerable influence of supersaturation on kinetics of the stage of Cu2+ ion reduction.
Nano-Sized Carbon Materials Produced During the Metal Dusting Process of Stainless Steel and Their Hydrogen Storage Capability
Authors: Chang Jeng-Kuei , Tsai Heng-Yi , Lin Kuan-Yu , Tsai Wen-Ta , Wang Cheng-Yu , Yu Ming-Sheng 
Published: January 2008

The nano-sized carbon materials produced during the metal	dusting process of 304L stainless steel were studied in this	investigation. In the reaction atmosphere of CO/CO2 (35:1) mixed gas, the nano-fibers and multi-wall carbon nano-tubes (MWCNTs) could be obtained at 500ºC and 600ºC, respectively.	Hydrogen storage performance of the MWCNTs was evaluated by an	electrochemical method; the experimental data indicated that	their discharge capacity was 57 mAh/g. Two methods, including	heat treatment and acid etching, were used to purify the as- prepared MWCNTs. It was found that the hydrogen storage	capacity of the heat-treated and acid-treated MWCNTs was greatly improved to 85 mAh/g and 103 mAh/g, respectively. The considerable capacity increase of the etched MWCNTs was attributed to the elimination of the surface amorphous carbon and the coexisted metal particles.
Study of Metal Borides for Sodium Borohydride Hydrolysis
Authors: Walter Joshua C. , Revankar Shripad 
Published: January 2008

Metal boride catalysts have been developed through reduction of (Co, and Ru) metal salts with sodium borohydride solutions. The	resulting metal borides were determined to be Co3B and elemental Ru through XRD analysis. SEM images give the particle size of the catalyst to be in the range of 65-150nm.	Prepared catalyst samples were heat treated at 200oC for Co3B, and 400oC for Ru. Ruthenium catalysts were found to have the greatest catalytic activity followed by that of cobalt boride.	Hydrolysis testing was performed for each catalyst in loose, unbound form with 2.5-30 wt% NaBH4 and 5 wt% NaOH to stabilize the solution. Hydrolysis rate data was also obtained using 20 wt% NaBH4 with NaOH concentration ranging from 5-30 wt%. All rate experiments were performed at 60 oC. The maximum observed rate for Co3B was 6.0L H2/min/gcat and that of Ru was 18.6L H2/min/gcat. Observations were made that increasing the NaOH concentration increases the rate of reaction for Co3B while decreasing the reaction rate for Ru catalyzed reactions.
Novel Anode for High Power Zinc-Air Batteries
Authors: Zhang Gregory X. 
Published: January 2008

This paper introduces newly developed solid zinc anodes using fibrous material for high power applications in zinc-air	battery systems. The improved performance of the anodes in two different sizes of battery is demonstrated. The possibilities for control of electrode porosity and for anode/battery design using fibrous materials are discussed in light of experimental data. Because of its mechanical integrity and connectivity, the fibrous solid anode has good electrical conductivity,	mechanical stability, and design flexibility for controlling mass distribution, porosity and effective surface area.	Experimental data indicated excellent material utilization at various discharge rates. The zinc-air battery powered an electric bicycle and demonstrated good results.
Effect of Net Geometry on the Current Distribution in a Parallel Plate Electrochemical Reactor with One Electrode Operating at Limiting Current Conditions
Authors: Venkatraman Murali , Shimpalee Sirivatch , Van Zee John 
Published: January 2008

In aluminum-hydrogen peroxide batteries, when an inert net is placed between two parallel plates through which the electrolyte flows, the flow field is altered severely. This affects the local current distribution, and this effect is very pronounced when the reactions are mass transfer limited (limiting current conditions). The effect of the net on the current density distribution is presented as individual and combined effects of longitudinal and transverse ribs. In all the cases the local current density was observed to follow the changes in the local velocity profile. Also it was observed that the transverse ribs if in contact with the metal anode,	could potentially increase the dissolution of the metal anode.
Titanium-Based Air Electrodes for Secondary Air Batteries
Authors: Hattori Yasuhisa , Matsunaga Morio , Morimitsu Masatsugu 
Published: January 2008

The charge-discharge properties of titanium-based air electrodes have been examined to develop the high durability cells with low overpotential for the oxygen evolution and	reduction. In this study, iridium oxide or ruthenium oxide was	coated on the titanium powders. Comparing to no oxide	formation, twice or more coating of these metal oxides induced the stable charge voltage at the cycle test, while the polarization properties were similar to usual air electrodes. The discharge voltage, however, gradually decreased with cycles. XPS and XRS analyses indicated the formation of	titanium oxide at charging might influence on the variation on	the discharge voltage.
Zn-Air Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Power Sources with Addition of Borohydride
Authors: Hong Jan , Fang Bin , Wang Chunsheng , Currie Kenneth 
Published: January 2008

The electrochemical oxidation behaviors of NaBH4 on Zn-MH, and MH (metal hydride) electrodes were investigated, and an	intrinsic direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC)/battery hybrid power source using MH (or Zn-MH) as the anode and MnO2 as the cathode was tested. The borohydride can be electrochemically oxidized on Zn/MH electrodes through a 4e reaction at a high overpotential. Simply adding borohydride into an alkaline electrolyte of a Zn/air or MH/air battery can greatly increase the capacity, while an intrinsic DBFC/MH (or Zn)-MnO2 battery can deliver a higher peak power than regular DBFCs. By replacing the liquid electrolyte with anion exchange membranes, the solid Zn-Air batteries with a gel anode showed promising performance.
RUNX1 DNA-binding mutations and RUNX1-PRDM16 cryptic fusions in BCR-ABL+ leukemias are frequently associated with secondary trisomy 21 and may contribute to clonal evolution and imatinib resistance
Authors: Roche-Lestienne Catherine , Deluche Lauréline , Corm Sélim , Tigaud Isabelle , Joha Sami , Philippe Nathalie , Geffroy Sandrine , Laï Jean-Luc , Nicolini Franck-Emmanuel , Preudhomme Claude 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Acquired molecular abnormalities (mutations or chromosomal translocations) of the RUNX1 transcription factor gene are frequent in acute myeloblastic leukemias (AMLs) and in therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes, but rarely in acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) and chronic myelogenous leukemias (CMLs). Among 18 BCR-ABL+ leukemias presenting acquired trisomy of chromosome 21, we report a high frequency (33%) of recurrent point mutations (4 in myeloid blast crisis [BC] CML and one in chronic phase CML) within the DNA-binding region of RUNX1. We did not found any mutation in de novo BCR-ABL+ ALLs or lymphoid BC CML. Emergence of the RUNX1 mutations was detected at diagnosis or before the acquisition of trisomy 21 during disease progression. In addition, we also report a high frequency of cryptic chromosomal RUNX1 translocation to a novel recently described gene partner, PRDM16 on chromosome 1p36, for 3 (21.4%) of 14 investigated patients: 2 myeloid BC CMLs and, for the first time, 1 therapy-related BCR-ABL+ ALL. Two patients presented both RUNX1 mutations and RUNX1-PRDM16 fusion. These events are associated with a short survival and support the concept of a cooperative effect of BCR-ABL with molecular RUNX1 abnormalities on the differentiation arrest phenotype observed during progression of CML and in BCR-ABL+ ALL.
Bcl-2 antagonist apogossypol (NSC736630) displays single-agent activity in Bcl-2–transgenic mice and has superior efficacy with less toxicity compared with gossypol (NSC19048)
Authors: Kitada Shinichi , Kress Christina L. , Krajewska Maryla , Jia Lee , Pellecchia Maurizio , Reed John C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAltered expression of Bcl-2 family proteins plays central roles in apoptosis dysregulation in cancer and leukemia, promoting malignant cell expansion and contributing to chemoresistance. In this study, we compared the toxicity and efficacy in mice of natural product gossypol and its semisynthetic derivative apo-gossypol, compounds that bind and inhibit antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. Daily oral dosing studies showed that mice tolerate doses of apogossypol 2- to 4-times higher than gossypol. Hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity represented the major adverse activities of gossypol, with apogossypol far less toxic. Efficacy was tested in transgenic mice in which Bcl-2 is overexpressed in B cells, resembling low-grade follicular lymphoma in humans. In vitro, Bcl-2–expressing B cells from transgenic mice were more sensitive to cytotoxicity induced by apogossypol than gossypol, with LD50 values of 3 to 5 μM and 7.5 to 10 μM, respectively. In vivo, using the maximum tolerated dose of gossypol for sequential daily dosing, apogossypol displayed superior activity to gossypol in terms of reducing splenomegaly and reducing B-cell counts in spleens of Bcl-2–transgenic mice. Taken together, these studies indicate that apogossypol is superior to parent compound gossypol with respect to toxicology and efficacy, suggesting that further development of this compound for cancer therapy is warranted.
Augmented serum level of major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A (MICA) protein and reduced NKG2D expression on NK and T cells in patients with cervical cancer and precursor lesions
Authors: Arreygue-Garcia Naela A , Daneri-Navarro Adrian , del Toro-Arreola Alicia , Cid-Arregui Angel , Gonzalez-Ramella Oscar , Jave-Suarez Luis F , Aguilar-Lemarroy Adriana , Troyo-Sanroman Rogelio , Bravo-Cuellar Alejandro , Delgado-Rizo Vidal , Garcia-Iglesias Trinidad , Hernandez-Flores Georgina , del Toro-Arreola Susana 
Published: January 2008

Abstract

Background
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. NK and cytotoxic T cells play an important role in the elimination of virus-infected and tumor cells through NKG2D activating receptors, which can promote the lysis of target cells by binding to the major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A (MICA) proteins. Increased serum levels of MICA have been found in patients with epithelial tumors. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of soluble MICA (sMICA) and NKG2D-expressing NK and T cells in blood samples from patients with cervical cancer or precursor lesions with those from healthy donors.

Methods
Peripheral blood with or without heparin was collected to obtain mononuclear cells or sera, respectively. Serum sMICA levels were measured by ELISA and NKG2D-expressing immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Also, a correlation analysis was performed to associate sMICA levels with either NKG2D expression or with the stage of the lesion.

Results
Significant amounts of sMICA were detected in sera from nearly all patients. We found a decrease in the number of NKG2D-expressing NK and T cells in both cervical cancer and lesion groups when compared to healthy donors. Pearson analysis showed a negative correlation between sMICA and NKG2D-expressing T cells; however, we did not find a significant correlation when the analysis was applied to sMICA and NKG2D expression on NK cells.

Conclusion
Our results show for the first time that high sMICA levels are found in sera from patients with both cervical cancer and precursor lesions when compared with healthy donors. We also observed a diminution in the number of NKG2D-expressing NK and T cells in the patient samples; however, a significant negative correlation between sMICA and NKG2D expression was only seen in T cells.
Comparison of all-cause and malaria-specific mortality from two West African countries with different malaria transmission patterns
Authors: Ndugwa Robert P , Ramroth Heribert , Müller Olaf , Jasseh Momodou , Sié Ali , Kouyaté Bocar , Greenwood Brian , Becher Heiko 
Published: January 2008

Abstract

Background
Malaria is a leading cause of death in children below five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. All-cause and malaria-specific mortality rates for children under-five years old in a mesoendemic malaria area (The Gambia) were compared with those from a hyper/holoendemic area (Burkina Faso).

Methods
Information on observed person-years (PY), deaths and cause of death was extracted from online search, using key words: "Africa, The Gambia, Burkina Faso, malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, mortality, child survival, morbidity". Missing person-years were estimated and all-cause and malaria-specific mortality were calculated as rates per 1,000 PY. Studies were classified as longitudinal/clinical studies or surveys/censuses. Linear regression was used to investigate mortality trends.

Results
Overall, 39 and 18 longitudinal/clinical studies plus 10 and 15 surveys and censuses were identified for The Gambia and Burkina Faso respectively (1960–2004). Model-based estimates for under-five all-cause mortality rates show a decline from 1960 to 2000 in both countries (Burkina Faso: from 71.8 to 39.0), but more markedly in The Gambia (from 104.5 to 28.4). The weighted-average malaria-specific mortality rate per 1000 person-years for Burkina Faso (15.4, 95% CI: 13.0–18.3) was higher than that in The Gambia (9.5, 95% CI: 9.1–10.1). Malaria mortality rates did not decline over time in either country.

Conclusion
Child mortality in both countries declined significantly in the period 1960 to 2004, possibly due to socio-economic development, improved health services and specific intervention projects. However, there was little decline in malaria mortality suggesting that there had been no major impact of malaria control programmes during this period. The difference in malaria mortality rates across countries points to significant differences in national disease control policies and/or disease transmission patterns.
Quantitative image analysis of intra-tumoral bFGF level as a molecular marker of paclitaxel resistance
Authors: Walsh Colin T , Wei Yong , Wientjes M Guillaume , Au Jessie LS 
Published: January 2008

Abstract

Background
The role of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in chemoresistance is controversial; some studies showed a relationship between higher bFGF level and chemoresistance while other studies showed the opposite finding. The goal of the present study was to quantify bFGF levels in archived tumor tissues, and to determine its relationship with chemosensitivity.

Methods
We established an image analysis-based method to quantify and convert the immunostaining intensity of intra-tumor bFGF to concentrations; this was accomplished by generating standard curves using human xenograft tumors as the renewable tissue source for simultaneous image analysis and ELISA. The relationships between bFGF concentrations and tumor chemosensitivity of patient tumors (n = 87) to paclitaxel were evaluated using linear regression analysis.

Results
The image analysis results were compared to our previous results obtained using a conventional, semi-quantitative visual scoring method. While both analyses indicated an inverse relationship between bFGF level and tumor sensitivity to paclitaxel, the image analysis method, by providing bFGF levels in individual tumors and therefore more data points (87 numerical values as opposed to four groups of staining intensities), further enabled the quantitative analysis of the relationship in subgroups of tumors with different pathobiological properties. The results show significant correlation between bFGF level and tumor sensitivity to the antiproliferation effect, but not the apoptotic effect, of paclitaxel. We further found stronger correlations of bFGF level and paclitaxel sensitivity in four tumor subgroups (high stage, positive p53 staining, negative aFGF staining, containing higher-than-median bFGF level), compared to all other groups. These findings suggest that the relationship between intra-tumoral bFGF level and paclitaxel sensitivity was context-dependent, which may explain the previous contradictory findings on the merit of using plasma or urine bFGF level as a prognostic indicator.

Conclusion
The present study established a quantitative image analysis method that enabled the measurement of intratumoral bFGF level in archived tissues. The ability to quantify a potential biomarker provided the opportunity to study the relationship between the biomarker and chemosensitivity in tumor subgroups and thereby enabled hypothesis generation for additional translational research.