bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bypass grafting to the anterior tibial artery
Authors: Armour Roger H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Four patients with severe ischaemia of a leg due to atherosclerotic occlusion of the tibial and peroneal arteries had reversed long saphenous vein grafts to the patent lower part of the anterior tibial artery. Two of these grafts continue to function 19 and 24 months after operation respectively. One graft, failed on the fifth postoperative day and another occluded 4 months after operation. The literature on femorotibial grafting has been reviewed. The early failure rate of distal grafting is higher than in the case of femoropopliteal bypass, but a number of' otherwise doomed limbs can be salvaged. Contrary to widely held views, grafting to the anterior tibial artery appears to give results comparable to those obtained when the lower anastomosis is made to the posterior tibial artery.
Unoperated ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: A retrospective clinicopathological study over a 10-year period
Authors: McGregor John C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series is described of 41 cases of unoperated ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in 9894 consecutive autopsies performed in two large general hospitals in Glasgow between 1964 and 1974. The preceding clinical presentations are discussed. These show the difficulties in diagnosing the condition correctly and quickly and the liability to confusion with other intra-abdominal conditions. The correct diagnosis was established before death in only 11 cases, it was suspected in 6 cases and was completely missed in 24 cases.
Pathologically, all the cases were atheromatous and measured more than 5 cm in diameter, and the most common site of rupture was through the lateral wall, Resection would appear to have been technically possible without undue difficulties in the majority of the cases.
An analysis of all the findings indicates the necessity for greater clinical awareness of this condition and its variable mode of presentation. Only in this way will early diagnosis and safer surgical intervention be possible.
Early experience with the Boerema button for bleeding oesophageal varices
Authors: Johnston G W , Kelly J M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Early experience with the use of the Boerema button for bleeding oesophageal varices is reported. A simplified technique for its insertion is described, and of the 6 patients so treated, only 1 died. No patient has re-bled in the short follow-up period available, and oesophageal appearances suggest that prolonged relief from bleeding can be anticipated. Further exploration of the button ligation transection technique is suggested not only for control of acute bleeding, but also for patients unsuitable for shunt surgery.
Repair of epigastric incisional hernia
Authors: Maguire James , Young Donald 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A 4–18-year follow-up of a series of epigastric incisional hernia repairs by o method using lateral relieving incisions of the anterior sheath of the rectus is presented. The practicality of operating through the repaired abdomen is shown. The possibility of performing this method of repair at the end of an operation through an existing incisional hernia is mentioned. The recurrence rate was less than 20 per cent.
The relationship between alcohol and head injury and its effect on the conscious level
Authors: Galbraith S , Murray W R , Patel A R , Knill-Jones R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The incidence of head injury has risen in recent years and now accounts for almost one-third of acute male surgical admissions to the Western Infirmary, Glasgow. A prospective study has established that in Glasgow alcohol is a major associated factor, 62 per cent of males and 27 per cent of females having detectable levels in the blood (&gt; 5 mg/100 ml); in these patients the mean level was 193 mg/100 ml in men and 165 mg/100ml in women. The alcohol level was significantly higher in patients who had had ‘a fall under the influence’, or had been the victims of assault, than in those involved in traffic or other accidents. This suggests that alcohol may be an important contributory cause of head injuries in this city. Depression of the conscious level occurred at blood alcohol levels around 200 mg/ 100 ml, but a significant number of patients in coma had a serious head injury.
Primary malignant tumours of the thyroid: The relationship between histological classification and clinical behaviour
Authors: Beaugié J M , Brown C L , Doniach I , Richardson J E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
One hundred and seventy-nine primary malignant tumours of the thyroid seen at The London Hospital between 1945 and 1972 were classified by the system of Woolner et al. (1961) and Hazard (1964). The distinct pathological and clinical features of the differentiated primary carcinomas and the similarities and differences between malignant lymphoma and anaplastic carcinoma were confirmed. This study showed the ‘benign’ behaviour of more than half the ‘differentiated’ papillary and follicular carcinomas when treated by thyroid lobectomy and the very malignant nature of anaplastic carcinomas and lymphomas whatever their treatment. The behaviour of medullary carcinoma was closer to that of the other differentiated tumours than to the undifferentiated varieties. Our patients were not thought to have been exposed to known goitrogens or previous thyroid irradiation.
Experimental carotid-basilar bypass
Authors: Feely Michael 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A procedure for anastomosing the carotid to the vertebrobasilar circulation in the dog is described. A total of 20 experiments (10 acute and 10 chronic) were performed on dogs. The grafted vessel was found to be patent in 2 out of 4 dogs at 3 months after operation. The flow through the grafts, recorded by electromagnetic flowmeter, was 5–9 ml/min.
Peripheral aneurysms in Behçet's disease
Authors: Jenkins A McL , Macpherson A I S , Nolan B , Housley E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two patients with Behçet's disease are reported, both of whom had aneurysms of peripheral arteries. In one the aneurysms were multiple. The aneurysm was replaced with a Terylene prosthesis in one patient, and in the other an autogenous vein bypass was used. In each case a further aneurysm developed adjacent to the vascular anastomosis. Severe ischaemia of the affected limbs subsequently developed in both patients.
Parietal pleurectomy for recurrent pneumothorax
Authors: Askew A R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
One hundred patients with persistent or recurrent pneumothorax treated by parietal pleurectomy are described. There was one known recurrence and no postoperative deaths. Six patients required further surgery for complications. In the uncomplicated cases the average stay in hospital following operation was 11.5 days. Parietal pleurectomy should he regarded as the treatment of choice for patients with recurrent pneumothorax who are fit to undergo surgery.
Resection and reconstruction for carcinoma of the thoracic oesophagus
Authors: Akiyama Hiroshi , Hiyama Mamoru , Hashimoto Chiaki 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The technique and results of oesophageal resection through a right thoracotomy and laparotomy with reconstruction utilizing the stomach via a retrosternal route are reported.
Forty patients underwent this procedure, with no mortality. The average blood loss during operation was 424 ml, and 72 per cent of this series underwent the operation without blood transfusion.
It is belied that this type of one-stage operation for carcinoma of the oesophagus is reasonable from the viewpoint of adequate resection of malignancies, and it can be performed with minimal surgical risk. With experience, perhaps it will become a standard method such as the Billroth I method in gastric surgery.
The effect of methionine on colonic wound healing in malnourished rats
Authors: Irvin Thomas T 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that the healing of colonic anastomoses is impaired in malnourished subjects.
It has been claimed that the healing of skin and abdominal wounds in experimental animals is improved by the administration of the essential amino acid methionine, and in the present study the effects of methionine on colonic wound healing were studied in malnourished rats.
Test animals were fed a protein-free diet for 7 weeks before surgery. Methionine-treated animals received the amino acid by subcutaneous injection during the seventh week of protein deprivation and throughout the postoperative period. Anastomoses were made in the left colon, and colonic wound healing was assessed by measurements of the bursting wall tension and collagen content of anastomoses. The results were compared with those of control animals fed a normal rat diet.
Protein deprivation for 7 weeks resulted in a 34 per cent reduction in body weight, and a significant reduction in the tensile strength and collagen content of colonic anastomoses was observed. Methionine supplements had no apparent effect on these parameters of wound healing.
The concept of single amino acid supplementation in cachetic patients undergoing surgery is an attractive one, but it has yet to be established that methionine supplements alone can alter the course of wound healing in such cases.
Open pedicle grafts of ileum for the repair of large duodenal defects: An experimental study
Authors: Gupta A K , Garg B K , Kansal Y K , Sharma B D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An experimental study of open pedicle grafts of ileum for the repair of large duodenal defects is presented. All the grafts survived and functioned well. No shrinkage occurred. The results are extremely encouraging for the clinical application of this technique.
Malignant acanthosis nigricans and its unusual association with carcinoma of the colon and carcinoma of the cervix
Authors: Liddell K , Jensen N E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Malignant acanthosis nigricans is rarely associated with carcinoma of the bowel or cervix. However, this dermatosis is described in a case of adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon, and in another with carcinoma of the cervix.
Emergency portasystemic shunt for bleeding varices
Authors: Balasegaram M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Sixty-eight patients with bleeding oesophageal varices due to cirrhosis of the liver who have had an emergency portasystemic shunt are reviewed.
The reasons for the emergency shunt surgery and the results are described and discussed. The low postoperative mortality is attributed to careful case selection. Apart from clinical and serological factors, the importance of the bromsulphthalein excretion test is stressed.
Emergency shunts are now undertaken by the author in patients whose serum bilirubin is less than 2.5/100 ml and bromsulphthalein retention less than 10 per cent in 30 minutes. This is in marked contrast to the author's previous series in which there was a 30 per cent mortality.
The poor results in patients treated conservatively and the disparity between the author's results and those of other reported series are reviewed and discussed.
Liver abnormalities and gallstones: A prospective combined clinical, histological and surgical study
Authors: Triger D R , Maciver A G , Gamlen T R , Wilken B J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a prospective study of 57 patients coming to elective cholecystectomy for gallstone disease, clinical, biochemical and immunological features have been correlated with the histological changes in core biopsies of the liver obtained at surgery. Only 13 liver biopsies were normal. Ten biopsies showed changes of acute duct obstruction, 16 showed minimal portal tract abnormalities and 10 showed moderate portal tract inflammation and scarring. Histological changes were more marked in male patients. Clinical and biochemical investigations were not useful in predicting histological appearance, apart from cases with jaundice at the time of operation where changes of acute duct obstruction were usually, but not invariably, seen. Auto-antibodies were present in 50 per cent of cases tested and all persisted for at least 6 months after operation. They were commoner in patients with more marked histological changes. Operative cholangiography was of little use in predicting histological change. These findings suggest that the possibility of gallstones should be considered in the interpretation of any abnormal liver biopsy irrespective of clinical symptoms or biochemical investigations.
A controlled trial of drainage after cholecystectomy
Authors: Gordon A B , Bates T , Fiddian R V 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A prospective controlled trial of drainage after cholecystectomy has been carried out. In a consecutive series of 143 patients undergoing cholecystectomy, 50 patients were randomly allocated to a drainage group and a further 50 patients to a non-drainage group. The remaining 43 patients were drained electively because the common bile duct was explored or because of infection or incomplete haemostasis.
There was no significant difference in the incidence of wound infection or other complications between the drainage and the non-drainage groups. The duration of postoperative pyrexia, the number of analgesic injections and the length of postoperative hospital stay were the same in both the randomized groups.
One patient in the randomized drainage group had a reactionary haemorrhage from the drain site requiring transfusion. There was no mortality but one patient in the elective drainage group had to be re-explored for a subhepatic abscess. Three patients in this group drained bile from the drain for 3–9 days but all had a T tube in place.
This trial fails to demonstrate any advantage or disadvantage in draining the gallbladder bed after cholecystectomy.
Fluid-filled intestinal obstruction
Authors: Kingsnorth A N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Three cases of intestinal obstruction are described in which the diagnosis was delayed because of the absence of gas in the bowel. The obstructed bowel was entirely fluid-filled and so abdominal distension was not marked, peristaltic sounds were not accentuated and the abdominal X-rays did not show air-fluid levels.
The effects of Corynebacterium parvum and surgery on the Lewis lung carcinoma and its metastases
Authors: Sadler Tessa E , Castro J E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The effects of Corynebacterium parvum on the mouse primary Lewis lung carcinoma and its metastases were studied. C. parvum was given at the same time as subcutaneous inoculation of tumour or in combination with surgical excision of the primary after 10 days' growth.
When intravenous C. parvum was given at the same time as tumour there was a reduction in the primary tumour growth rate. There was a similar reduction in growth if the drug was given intravenously 7 days after tumour inoculation. Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous administration of C. parvum had no effect on the primary tumour.
The number of pulmonary metastases were significantly reduced after intravenous or intraperitoneal C. parvum given at the same time as tumour. When C. parvum and surgery were combined and C. parvum was given not more than 2 days before operation there was only a slight reduction in metastases, but when the injection was given intravenously or intraperitoneally 3–4 days before operation the number of metastases was significantly reduced. Subcutaneous administration of C. parvum had little effect on metastases.
There was no difference in the number of metastases if C. parvum-treated mice were killed after 21 or 28 days. C. parvum given on the same day as surgery was more effective if tumour excision was performed before day 10 when the metastases were less well established.
It was concluded that in well-defined conditions C. parvum is effective against metastases of the Lewis lung carcinoma.
Splenogonadal fusion
Authors: Tsingoglou S , Wilkinson A W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The fusion between splenic tissue and the left gonad or the derivatives of the left mesonephros is a rare congenital anomaly first described in detail by Pommer in 1887/9 and divided into two forms by Putschar and Manion in 1956.
In the first or continuous type a cord of splenic or fibrous tissue connects the spleen and the gonadal-mesonephric structures. In the second type the fused splenomesonephric structures have lost continuity with the main spleen.
An example of the continuous form is presented and the previous reports are briefly reviewed.
Fatal pseudomembranous enterocolitis following clindamycin therapy
Authors: Dane T E B , King E G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A fatal case of pseudomembranous enterocolitis following oral and parenteral clindamycin therapy is presented, interesting features in this case are involvement of the small bowel and complete sparing of the large bowel distal to a defunctioning transverse colostomy. The significance of the absence of disease in the defunctioned bowel is discussed in terms of aetiology and diagnosis of pseudomembranous enterocolitis.
Distal colomyotomy: Follow-up of 37 cases
Authors: McGinn F P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The 3–7-year follow-up results of 37 patients undergoing the operation of distal colomyotomy are reported. Twenty-five underwenr surgery for uncomplicated diverticular disease; there was no mortality but 40 per cent of patients had recurrent symptoms. Twelve patients underwent surgery for complicated diverticulas disease, with an operative mortality of 16.6 per cent and a recurrent symptom rate of 37.5 per cent.
Rectal biopsy in the diagnosis of neurological disease in childhood
Authors: Smith Paul , Dickson J A S , Lake Brian D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A surgical technique for taking a full thickness rectal biopsy for neurological diagnosis is described. The indications for, and results of 93 biopsies are reviewed. A definite neurological diagnosis was made in 38 (41 per cent). The usefulness of rectal biopsy is now largely confined to Batten's disease, which was found in 32 (34 per cent of the total). Alternatives and objections to rectal biopsy for neurological diagnosis are discussed. It is concluded that rectal biopsy is a safe and reliable procedure.
A retrospective analysis of the accuracy of immediate frozen section diagnosis in surgical pathology
Authors: Lessells A M , Simpson J G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An evaluation OJ the accuracy of' 3556 frozen section diagnoses over a 10-year period has been carried out. The overall accuracy rate was 97.4 per cent, with unimportant discrepancies present in a further 1.8 per cent. In only 28 cases (0.8 per cent) was a false negative or positive diagnosis of malignancy made. Of these, 4 patients underwent an unnecessary radical operation, while in 9 patients further surgery had to be carried out at a later date. The essential accuracy of the frozen section technique is confirmed.
Biopsy of the impalpable breast lesion detected by mammography
Authors: Millis R R , McKinna J A , Hamlin I M E , Greening W P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Specimen radiology plays an essential part in the surgical management of the impalpable breast lesion detected by mammography. It also plays a necessary part in the complete pathological examination of the specimen. A method for preoperative localization of the mammographically detected impalpable breast lesion is described.
The association of duodenogastric reflux with dumping and gastric retention
Authors: Donovan I A , Keighley M R B , Griffin D W , Harding L K , Alexander-Williams J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Gastric emptying of solid and liquid meals together with duodenogastric reflux has been measured in a prospective trial of proximal gastric vagotomy and truncal vagotomy and antrectomy. Three abnormalities of motility associated with postoperative symptoms have been defined. If more than one abnormality was present in an individual there was an 80 per cent incidence of associated symptoms. Proximal gastric vagotomy produced significantly fewer abnormalities of gastro-duodenal motility than did truncal vagotomy and antrectomy.
Subphrenic abscess: A study of 241 patients at the Royal Prince Edward Hospital, 1950–73
Authors: Halliday P , Halliday J H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series of 241 patients with subphrenic abscess was analysed to seek reasons for the continuing mortality.
Aspects of pathology, clinical presentation, special investigations and management were affected by therapy with broad spectrum antibiotics to make diagnosis more difficult, particularly in relation to left subphrenic abscesses. When transperitoneal exploration and drainage were employed, high morbidity and mortality resulted.
Satisfactory results followed extraserous drainage. The introduction of parenteral hyperalimentation promised control of fistulas associated with abscesses, a situation hitherto associated with a poor prognosis.
Ovarian tumours in childhood: A 27-year review
Authors: Orr P S , Gibson A , Young D G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Twenty-five children treated for ovarian neoplasms at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill, Glasgow, between 1947 and 1974 are reported. Eight of the patients had malignant tumours and 17 benign. The patients with benign tumours were treated by either salpingo-oophorectomy or oophorectomy. The malignant cases were treated with either surgery alone or in combination with deep X-ray therapy and/or chemotherapy. Two patients died of malignant teratoma, but the remaining 6 with malignant teratoma, dysgerminoma or endodermal sinus are well. The management of these patients is discussed.
Benign obstruction of subclavian and axillary veins possibly due to filariasis
Authors: Nagaratnam N , Fernando D J S , Deen M F O , Kulasecaram V , Ismail M M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper analyses the clinical features of 8 patients with post-thrombotic obstruction of the subclavian and axillary veins demonstrated by phlebography. The classic physical signs of swelling of the arm with dilated superficial collateral veins were seen. The causes of thrombotic obstruction are discussed and the precipitating cause in this study was possibly filariasis.
The prognosis after surgical treatment for carcinoma of the rectum
Authors: Whittaker M , Colicher J C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The results of surgical treatment of 550 cases of carcinoma of the rectum presenting to the Professorial Surgical Unit of the General Infirmary, Leeds, from 1955 to 1968 have been analysed.
Operation of some kind was undertaken in 98.5 per cent of the cases and rectal excision in 90.5 per cent. The operative mortality for all the cases undergoing rectal excision was 10.6 per cent, for those having anterior resection 6.8 per cent and for those submitted to combined abdominoperineal excision 12.5 per cent. The commonest causes of death were various forms of sepsis and cardiothoracic complications.
The corrected 5-year survival rate for all the immediate survivors of rectal excision was found to be 56. 0 per cent. For cases having Dukes' A lesions it was 91.9 per cent, for those with B lesions 71.3 per cent and for those with C lesions 37.7 per cent. For patients treated by sphincter-saving resection it was 68.3 per cent and for those submitted to combined excision 47.2 per cent.
The 5-year survival rate was also found to be adversely affected by, among other factors, extensive circumferential spread of the primary growth in the bowel wall, fixity of the lesion, involvement of the overlying or adjacent peritoneum and the presence of hepatic metastases, but the prognosis with these developments was sometimes better than might have been anticipated.