bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut diversity and the resistome as biomarkers of febrile neutropenia outcome in paediatric oncology patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Sardzikova Sara , Andrijkova Kristina , Svec Peter , Beke Gabor , Klucar Lubos , Minarik Gabriel , Bielik Viktor , Kolenova Alexandra , Soltys Katarina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe gut microbiota of paediatric oncology patients undergoing a conditioning regimen before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is recently considered to play role in febrile neutropenia. Disruption of commensal microbiota and evolution of opportune pathogens community carrying a plethora of antibiotic-resistance genes play crucial role. However, the impact, predictive role and association of patient´s gut resistome in the course of the therapy is still to be elucidated. We analysed gut microbiota composition and resistome of 18 paediatric oncology patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, including 12 patients developing febrile neutropenia, hospitalized at The Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit of the National Institute of Children´s disease in Slovak Republic and healthy individuals (n = 14). Gut microbiome of stool samples obtained in 3 time points, before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (n = 16), one week after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (n = 16) and four weeks after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (n = 14) was investigated using shotgun metagenome sequencing and bioinformatical analysis. We identified significant decrease in alpha-diversity and nine antibiotic-resistance genes msr(C), dfrG, erm(T), VanHAX, erm(B), aac(6)-aph(2), aph(3)-III, ant(6)-Ia and aac(6)-Ii, one week after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation associated with febrile neutropenia. Multidrug-resistant opportune pathogens of ESKAPE, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli found in the gut carried the significant subset of patient’s resistome. Over 50% of patients treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin carried antibiotic-resistance genes to applied treatment. The alpha diversity and the resistome of gut microbiota one week after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is relevant predictor of febrile neutropenia outcome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Furthermore, the interindividual diversity of multi-drug resistant opportunistic pathogens with variable portfolios of antibiotic-resistance genes indicates necessity of preventive, personalized approach.
Remodeling the tumor-immune microenvironment by anti-CTLA4 blockade enhanced subsequent anti-PD-1 efficacy in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Ma Yuxiang , Zhou Huaqiang , Luo Fan , Zhang Yang , Zhu Changbin , Li Weiwei , Huang Zhan , Zhao Jingbo , Xue Jinhui , Zhao Yuanyuan , Fang Wenfeng , Yang Yunpeng , Huang Yan , Zhang Li , Zhao Hongyun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSequential immunotherapy has shown certain advantages in malignancy. Here, we aim to evaluate the efficacy of sequential anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 treatment for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (R/M NPC). We retrospectively analysis 2 phase I trial of ipilimumab and camrelizumab in Chinese R/M NPC patients. These patients were initially treated with ipilimumab, a CTLA4 blockade, followed by anti-PD-1 treatment. We observed a durable tumor remission in these patients (mPFS: 12.3 months; mDoR: 20.9 months). Multimodal investigations of biopsy samples disclosed remodeling of tumor-immune microenvironment triggered by ipilimumab. In responders, we found increased tumoral PD-L1/PD-L2 expression and T-cell infiltration after ipilimumab treatment, accompanied by reduced stroma and malignant cell components. In contrast, non-responders exhibited increased B-cell infiltration and increased peripheral CD19 + B cells, suggesting a defective transition from memory B cells to plasma cells. This study proposes that sequential therapy can potentially enhance treatment efficacy in chemotherapy-resistant NPC patients and provides insights into how preexisting anti-CTLA4 blockade can influence subsequent anti-PD-1 efficacy by remodeling the TME. Additionally, our results highlight the need for therapeutic strategies targeting naïve/memory B cells.
To warrant clinical adoption AI models require a multi-faceted implementation evaluation
Authors: van de Sande Davy , Chung Eline Fung Fen , Oosterhoff Jacobien , van Bommel Jasper , Gommers Diederik , van Genderen Michel E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite artificial intelligence (AI) technology progresses at unprecedented rate, our ability to translate these advancements into clinical value and adoption at the bedside remains comparatively limited. This paper reviews the current use of implementation outcomes in randomized controlled trials evaluating AI-based clinical decision support and found limited adoption. To advance trust and clinical adoption of AI, there is a need to bridge the gap between traditional quantitative metrics and implementation outcomes to better grasp the reasons behind the success or failure of AI systems and improve their translation into clinical value.
Cytotoxic Tph subset with low B-cell helper functions and its involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Seki Noriyasu , Tsujimoto Hideto , Tanemura Shuhei , Kojima Shinji , Miyoshi Fumihiko , Kikuchi Jun , Saito Shuntaro , Akiyama Mitsuhiro , Sugahara Kunio , Yoshimoto Keiko , Kaneko Yuko , Chiba Kenji , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractT peripheral helper (Tph) cells are thought to contribute to extra-follicular B cell activation and play a pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases. However, the role of Tph subsets is not fully elucidated. Here, we investigate the immunological functions of Tph subsets and their involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We have defined four Tph subsets (Tph1: CXCR3+CCR6−, Tph2: CXCR3−CCR6−, Tph17: CXCR3−CCR6+, and Tph1-17: CXCR3+CCR6+) and performed RNA sequencing after cell sorting. Tph1 and Tph17 subsets express substantial levels of IL21, indicating B cell helper functions. However, Tph2 and Tph1-17 subsets express low IL21. Interestingly, we have found Tph2 subset express high levels of CX3CR1, GZMB, PRF1, GLNY, S1PR5, TBX21, EOMES, ZNF863, and RUNX3, indicating a feature of CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In SLE patients, the frequency of Tph1 and Tph2 subsets are significantly increased and positively correlated with SLE disease activity indexes. Tph1 cells expansion has been observed in patients with cutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestations. On the other hand, Tph2 cell expansion has been found in patients with lupus nephritis in addition to the above manifestations. Our findings imply that Tph1 and Tph2 subsets exert distinct immunological functions and are contributed to the complexity of clinical manifestations in SLE.
Quantum approximate optimization via learning-based adaptive optimization
Authors: Cheng Lixue , Chen Yu-Qin , Zhang Shi-Xin , Zhang Shengyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCombinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous and computationally hard to solve in general. Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), one of the most representative quantum-classical hybrid algorithms, is designed to solve combinatorial optimization problems by transforming the discrete optimization problem into a classical optimization problem over continuous circuit parameters. QAOA objective landscape is notorious for pervasive local minima, and its viability significantly relies on the efficacy of the classical optimizer. In this work, we design double adaptive-region Bayesian optimization (DARBO) for QAOA. Our numerical results demonstrate that the algorithm greatly outperforms conventional optimizers in terms of speed, accuracy, and stability. We also address the issues of measurement efficiency and the suppression of quantum noise by conducting the full optimization loop on a superconducting quantum processor as a proof of concept. This work helps to unlock the full power of QAOA and paves the way toward achieving quantum advantage in practical classical tasks.
Generalizable anchor aptamer strategy for loading nucleic acid therapeutics on exosomes
Authors: Han Gang , Zhang Yao , Zhong Li , Wang Biaobiao , Qiu Shuai , Song Jun , Lin Caorui , Zou Fangdi , Wu Jingqiao , Yu Huanan , Liang Chao , Wen Ke , Seow Yiqi , Yin HaiFang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClinical deployment of oligonucleotides requires delivery technologies that improve stability, target tissue accumulation and cellular internalization. Exosomes show potential as ideal delivery vehicles. However, an affordable generalizable system for efficient loading of oligonucleotides on exosomes remain lacking. Here, we identified an Exosomal Anchor DNA Aptamer (EAA) via SELEX against exosomes immobilized with our proprietary CP05 peptides. EAA shows high binding affinity to different exosomes and enables efficient loading of nucleic acid drugs on exosomes. Serum stability of thrombin inhibitor NU172 was prolonged by exosome-loading, resulting in increased blood flow after injury in vivo. Importantly, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy PMO can be readily loaded on exosomes via EAA (EXOEAA-PMO). EXOEAA-PMO elicited significantly greater muscle cell uptake, tissue accumulation and dystrophin expression than PMO in vitro and in vivo. Systemic administration of EXOEAA-PMO elicited therapeutic levels of dystrophin restoration and functional improvements in mdx mice. Altogether, our study demonstrates that EAA enables efficient loading of different nucleic acid drugs on exosomes, thus providing an easy and generalizable strategy for loading nucleic acid therapeutics on exosomes.
Coordinated optimization of source‐grid‐load‐storage for wind power grid‐connected and mobile energy storage characteristics of electric vehicles
Authors: Li Yingliang , Dong Zhiwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe rapid growth in the number of electric vehicles (EVs), driven by the ‘double‐carbon’ target, and the impact of uncontrolled charging and discharging behaviour and discharged battery losses severely limit electric vehicles’ low carbon characteristics. Existing research on systemic low‐carbon emissions and electric vehicle charging and discharging issues is usually determined by considering only carbon trading markets or charging and discharging management on the source side. In this regard, a coordinated and optimized operation model that considers the participation of electric vehicle clusters in deep peaking and the source network load and storage adjustable resources is proposed. The upper layer establishes a real‐time price‐based demand response mechanism for the load side with the minimum net load fluctuation as the objective function; the middle layer establishes a comprehensive operation mechanism for the source and storage side that includes an orderly charging and discharging peaking compensation mechanism for electric vehicles, and a deep peaking mechanism that takes into account clean emission, and constructs an optimal operation model with the minimum comprehensive operating cost as the objective function; the lower layer establishes a distribution network loss minimization model for the network side that takes into account the orderly charging and discharging of electric vehicle as the objective function. The optimal load model with the objective function of minimizing the distribution network loss is established at the lower level. Finally, the original problem is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming problem, and the model's effectiveness is verified by setting different scenarios. The model reduces the total cost by 22.22%, improves the wind power consumption rate by 19.55%, reduces the actual carbon emission by 16.66%, and reduces the distribution network loss by 13.91% compared to the basic model.
Detailed chemical composition of the globular cluster Sextans A GC-1 on the outskirts of the Local Group
Authors: Gvozdenko A. , Larsen S. S. , Beasley M. A. , Cabrera-Ziri I. , Eitner P. , Battaglia G. , Leaman R. 
Published: March 2024

Context. The chemical composition of globular clusters (GCs) across the Local Group provides information on chemical abundance trends. Studying GCs in isolated systems in particular provides us with important initial conditions plausibly unperturbed by mergers and tidal forces from the large Local Group spirals.
Aims. We present a detailed chemical abundance analysis of Sextans A GC-1. The host galaxy, Sextans A, is a low-surface-brightness dwarf irregular galaxy located on the edge of the Local Group. We derive the dynamical mass of the GC together with the mass-to-light ratio and the abundances of the α, Fe-peak, and heavy elements.
Methods. Abundance ratios were determined from the analysis of an optical integrated-light spectrum of Sextans A GC-1, obtained with UVES on the VLT. We apply non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) corrections to Mg, Ca, Ti, Fe, and Ni.
Results. The GC appears to be younger and more metal-poor than the majority of the GCs of the Milky Way, with an age of 8.6 ± 2.7 Gyr and [Fe/H] = −2.14 ± 0.04 dex. The calculated dynamical mass is Mdyn = (5.18 ± 1.62)×105 M⊙, which results in an atypically high value of the mass-to-light ratio, 4.35 ± 1.40 M⊙/LV⊙. Sextans A GC-1 has varying α elements – the Mg abundance is extremely low, Ca and Ti are solar-scaled or mildly enhanced, and Si is enhanced. The measured values are [Mg/Fe] = −0.79 ± 0.29, [Ca/Fe] = +0.13 ± 0.07, [Ti/Fe] = +0.27 ± 0.11, and [Si/Fe] = +0.62 ± 0.26, which makes the mean α abundance (excluding Mg) to be enhanced [⟨Si, Ca, Ti⟩/Fe]NLTE = +0.34 ± 0.15. The Fe-peak elements are consistent with scaled-solar or slightly enhanced abundances: [Cr/Fe] = +0.31 ± 0.18, [Mn/Fe] = +0.19 ± 0.32, [Sc/Fe] = +0.22 ± 0.22, and [Ni/Fe] = +0.02 ± 0.12. The heavy elements measured are Ba, Cu, Zn, and Eu. Ba and Cu have sub-solar abundance ratios ([Ba/Fe] = −0.48 ± 0.21 and [Cu/Fe] < −0.343), while Zn and Eu are consistent with their upper limits being solar-scaled and enhanced, [Zn/Fe] < +0.171 and [Eu/Fe] < +0.766.
Conclusions. The composition of Sextans A GC-1 resembles the overall pattern and behaviour of GCs in the Local Group. The anomalous values are the mass-to-light ratio and the depleted abundance of Mg. There is no definite explanation for such an extreme abundance value. Variations in the initial mass function or the presence of an intermediate-mass black hole might explain the high mass-to-light ratio value.
Spectral characterization of young LT dwarfs
Authors: Piscarreta L. , Mužić K. , Almendros-Abad V. , Scholz A. 
Published: March 2024

Context. JWST and next-generation facilities are expected to uncover populations of free-floating objects below the deuterium-burning limit in a number of young clusters and star-forming regions. These young planetary-mass brown dwarfs have spectral types L and T; they are shaped by molecular absorption and modified by their low gravity, which makes them distinct from field objects.
Aims. We aim to provide a detailed characterization of near-infrared spectra for young LT brown dwarfs, including robust spectral typing, calibrating spectral indices, identifying possible binaries, and selecting suitable spectral standards.
Methods. We processed and analyzed archival spectra from VLT/X-shooter for a sample of 56 dwarfs with ages between 10 and 600 Myr and spectral types between late-M and mid-T. We redetermined their spectral types by comparing them with a set of literature templates. We assessed a large range of spectral indices, calibrated using a specifically designed literature sample.
Results. We identify 15 spectral indices that are useful for spectral typing for specific spectral ranges discussed here and provide the scaling relations with spectral types. We also identify six spectral indices that can be used to separate young L dwarfs from the field ones. The equivalent-widths of the alkali lines show a correlation with age, increasing toward objects with higher surface gravities. From our sample, we confirm three that are likely to be binaries due to their anomalous spectra that appear to be better fitted by a combination of spectral types. We identify 12 objects as preliminary near-infrared spectral standards for young LT dwarfs.
Conclusions. This study represents a significant step toward understanding the spectral sequence and properties of young L and T dwarfs. The relations and standards provided here will be useful for future spectroscopic work on young brown dwarfs and giant planets.
The metal-poor edge of the Milky Way’s “thin disc”
Authors: Fernández-Alvar Emma , Kordopatis Georges , Hill Vanessa , Battaglia Giuseppina , Gallart Carme , González Rivera de la Vernhe Isaure , Thomas Guillaume , Sestito Federico , Ardern-Arentsen Anke , Martin Nicolas , Viswanathan Akshara , Starkenburg Else 
Published: March 2024

Context. The emergence of the disc in our Galaxy and the relation between thick and thin disc formation and evolution is still a matter of debate. The chemo-dynamical characterization of disc stars is key to resolving this question, particularly at parameter regimes, where both disc components overlap, such as the region around [Fe/H] ∼ −0.7 corresponding to the thin disc’s metal-poor end.
Aims. In this paper, we re-assess the recent detection of a metal-poor extension of stars moving with thin-disc-like rotational velocities between −2 < [Fe/H] < −0.7, carried out on the basis of metallicity estimates obtained from photometric data and their rotational velocity distributions.
Methods. We explored the chemo-dynamical properties of metal-poor stars from the recent Gaia third data release (DR3), which includes the first catalog of metallicity estimates from the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) experiment. We complemented them with the two largest high-resolution (λ/dλ >  20 000) spectroscopic surveys available: the GALAH DR3 and the APOGEE DR17.
Results. We confirm that there are high-angular-momentum stars moving in thin-disc-like orbits, that is, with a high angular momentum of Lz/Jtot >  0.95, and close to the Galactic plane, |Zmax|< 750 pc, reaching metallicity values down to [Fe/H] ∼ −1.5. We also find tentative evidence for stars moving on such orbits at lower metallicities, down to [Fe/H] ∼ −2.5, albeit in smaller numbers. Based on their chemical trends, thin-disc-like stars with [Fe/H] < −1 would have formed in a medium that is less chemically evolved than the bulk of the thick disc. Stars with chemical abundances typical of the thin disc appear at metallicities between −1 < [Fe/H] < −0.7.
Very long baseline interferometry observations of the high-redshift X-ray-bright blazar SRGE J170245.3+130104
Authors: Liu Yuanqi , An Tao , Guo Shaoguang , Zhang Yingkang , Wang Ailing , Xu Zhijun , Khorunzhev Georgii , Sotnikova Yulia , Mufakharov Timur , Mikhailov Alexander , Mingaliev Marat 
Published: March 2024

Aims. The X-ray luminous and radio-loud active galactic nucleus (AGN) SRGE J170245.3+130104 discovered at z ∼ 5.5 provides unique chances to probe the growth and evolution of a supermassice black hole (SMBH) with powerful jets in the early Universe.
Methods. We present 1.35 − 5.1 GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) results regarding the radio continuum emission and a spectral analysis of this quasar in a low-flux-density state.
Results. This source is unresolved at three frequencies, with total flux densities of 8.35 ± 0.09 Jy beam−1, 7.47 ± 0.08 Jy beam−1, and 6.57 ± 0.02 Jy beam−1 at 1.73 GHz, 2.26 GHz, and 4.87 GHz, respectively. Meanwhile, the brightness temperature is higher than 109 K.
Conclusions. Compared with previous radio observations with arcsecond-scale resolution, nearly all the radio emission from this source is concentrated in the very central milliarcsecond (mas) scale area. We confirm this source is a bright blazar at z > 5. This young AGN provides a great opportunity to understand the mechanisms behind the generation of strong jets in the early Universe.
Advanced Deep-Plane Rhytidectomy: Advantages for Neck Treatment and Volumization of the Midface
Authors: Gordon Neil A. , Lockwood Donovan B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aged neck is the most common motivator for patients seeking facial rejuvenation. Unlike the deflated midface, surgical treatment is still the gold standard for optimal outcomes. It is our view that the majority etiology of both the aged neck and deflated midface is gravity's effects on the superficial soft tissue envelope, leading to soft tissue redundancy. It is also our view that the deep-plane rhytidectomy is supported by anatomy, embryology, and clinical evidence as the best methodology to treat soft tissue redundancy without producing the aesthetic and longevity issues associated with superficial musculoaponeurotic system techniques. As one of the early pioneers in deep-plane rhytidectomy, the lead author will define contemporary advances in deep-plane technique such as dissection entry point, flap design, and flap fixation concepts that allow aggressive approach to treating both the aged neck and deflated midface.
Asymmetric Allylic Substitution Reactions Based on Relay Catalysis
Authors: Feng Xiaoming , Liu Yangbin , Wu Zhenwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTransition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution reactions represent a hot research topic in the field of asymmetric synthesis, with significant progress having been made. Among diverse catalysis systems, relay catalysis enables sequential activation of multiple steps in one pot and the rapid construction of multiple chiral centers, providing a simple and powerful platform for organic synthesis. Recently, relay catalysis has been successfully applied to asymmetric allylic substitution reactions, and a variety of challenging transformations have been realized. This Short Review summarizes the related progress on asymmetric allylic substitution reactions based on relay catalysis over the last decade.1	Introduction2	The General Transformation Model3	Allylation Relays Further Reaction4	Initial Reaction Relays Allylation5	Conclusion and Outlook