bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crossing the principle–practice gap in AI ethics with ethical problem-solving
Authors: Corrêa Nicholas Kluge , Santos James William , Galvão Camila , Pasetti Marcelo , Schiavon Dieine , Naqvi Faizah , Hossain Robayet , Oliveira Nythamar De 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe past years have presented a surge in (AI) development, fueled by breakthroughs in deep learning, increased computational power, and substantial investments in the field. Given the generative capabilities of more recent AI systems, the era of large-scale AI models has transformed various domains that intersect our daily lives. However, this progress raises concerns about the balance between technological advancement, ethical considerations, safety measures, and financial interests. Moreover, using such systems in sensitive areas amplifies our general ethical awareness, prompting a re-emergence of debates on governance, regulation, and human values. However, amidst this landscape, how to bridge the principle–practice gap separating ethical discourse from the technical side of AI development remains an open problem. In response to this challenge, the present work proposes a framework to help shorten this gap: ethical problem-solving (EPS). EPS is a methodology promoting responsible, human-centric, and value-oriented AI development. The framework’s core resides in translating principles into practical implementations using impact assessment surveys and a differential recommendation methodology. We utilize EPS as a blueprint to propose the implementation of an Ethics as a Service Platform, currently available as a simple demonstration. We released all framework components openly and with a permissive license, hoping the community would adopt and extend our efforts into other contexts. Available in the following URL https://nkluge-correa.github.io/ethical-problem-solving/.
A study about the prediction of population growth and demographic transition in Bangladesh
Authors: Karim Rezaul , Pk M. A. Bkar , Dey Pinakee , Akbar M. Ali , Osman M. S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Bangladesh is the smallest nation in South Asia, with the eighth-largest and tenth-largest population density globally. The main goal of this article is to find the population growth and demographic transition (DT) in Bangladesh. The time series data used in this paper were gathered from population surveys, national censuses, and UN Population division, population projections and estimates. There are numerous variations in the population's size and age distribution due to Bangladesh's continuing demographic transition, which creates possibilities for the economy and society and difficulties for policy. It must be successfully controlled to develop this population into stronger and more stable economic and social development. Bangladesh's population and policymakers observe increasing population growth concerns, as the country's economy and policies heavily depend on both the population's size and growth rate. Bangladesh's changing demographics are creating new economic opportunities, and the findings presented in this paper could be useful to planners and policymakers to enhance Bangladesh's population policy. At the end of the pioneering study, we presented graphically what the population of Bangladesh could be in 2000- 2100 and the impact it would have on Bangladesh.
Mitochondrial homeostasis: shaping health and disease
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Jiang Ou , Chen Mo , Wang Songlin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMitochondria serve as the primary site for metabolizing the three major nutrients, underscoring their pivotal role in cellular energy metabolism and the regulation of signaling pathways. Mitochondrial homeostatic imbalance is a key pathological cause of the development of many diseases. Hence, preserving mitochondrial homeostasis is vital for the normal growth and development of cells and organisms. Living organisms have evolved intricate regulatory mechanisms to ensure cellular mitochondrial homeostasis. This review focuses on recent advancements in comprehending the mechanisms responsible for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and addresses the current challenges in this field. We also provide an overview of the key functions of mitochondria in both physiological and pathological conditions. Emphasizing the potential therapeutic implications, we discuss strategies for preserving mitochondrial homeostasis, recognizing its significance in mitigating various health conditions.
Graphical Abstract
A Flexible Big Data System for Credibility-Based Filtering of Social Media Information According to Expertise
Authors: Diaz-Garcia Jose A. , Gutiérrez-Batista Karel , Fernandez-Basso Carlos , Ruiz M. Dolores , Martin-Bautista Maria J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNowadays, social networks have taken on an irreplaceable role as sources of information. Millions of people use them daily to find out about the issues of the moment. This success has meant that the amount of content present in social networks is unmanageable and, in many cases, fake or non-credible. Therefore, a correct pre-processing of the data is necessary if we want to obtain knowledge and value from these data sets. In this paper, we propose a new data pre-processing technique based on Big Data that seeks to solve two of the key concepts of the Big Data paradigm, data validity and credibility of the data and volume. The system is a Spark-based filter that allows us to flexibly select credible users related to a given topic under analysis, reducing the volume of data and keeping only valid data for the problem under study. The proposed system uses the power of word embeddings in conjunction with other text mining and natural language processing techniques. The system has been validated using three real-world use cases.
Antenatal Depression and its Associated Factors: Findings from Kuwait Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Al-Sabah Reem , Al-Taiar Abdullah , Ziyab Ali H. , Akhtar Saeed , Hammoud Majeda S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Pregnant and postpartum women are at high risk of depression due to hormonal and biological changes. Antenatal depression is understudied compared to postpartum depression and its predictors remain highly controversial.

Aim
To estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy and investigate factors associated with this condition including vitamin D, folate and Vitamin B12 among participants in the Kuwait Birth Study.

Methods
Data collection occurred as part of the Kuwait Birth Cohort Study in which pregnant women were recruited in the second and third trimester during antenatal care visits. Data on antenatal depression were collected using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), considering a score of ≥ 13 as an indicator of depression. Logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with depressive symptoms in pregnant women.

Results
Of 1108 participants in the Kuwait Birth Cohort study, 1070(96.6%) completed the EPDS. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 21.03%(95%CI:18.62–23.59%) and 17.85%(95%CI:15.60-20.28%) as indicated by an EPDS ≥ 13 and EPDS ≥ 14 respectively. In the multivariable analysis, passive smoking at home, experiencing stressful life events during pregnancy, and a lower level of vitamin B12 were identified as predisposing factors. Conversely, having desire for the pregnancy and consumption of fruits and vegetables were inversely associated with depressive symptoms.

Conclusion
Approximately, one fifth of pregnant women had depressive symptoms indicating the need to implement screening program for depression in pregnant women, a measure not systematically implemented in Kuwait. Specifically, screening efforts should focus on pregnant women with unintended pregnancies, exposure to passive smoking at home, and recent stressful live events.
“Talking about something no one wants to talk about”—navigating hepatitis B-related work in remote Australian Aboriginal communities: a decade of learning and growth
Authors: Binks Paula , Gurruwiwi George Garambaka , Dhurrkay Roslyn Gundjirryirr , Bukulatjpi Sarah Mariyalawuy , Ross Cheryl , Hosking Kelly , Tate-Baker Jaclyn , Marshall Catherine , McKinnon Melita , Vintour-Cesar Emily , Sullivan Richard P. , Davis Joshua S. , Hefler Marita , Davies Jane 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is one of the leading causes of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer globally. In Australia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people of the Northern Territory (NT) have the highest prevalence of CHB (6%) and are six times more likely than non-Aboriginal people to be diagnosed with liver cancer. In 2010, a “liver one-stop shop” model of specialised care and research was initiated to address this disparity. Despite many challenges, the program was accepted in NT Aboriginal communities. This study aimed to identify the key elements linked to this success.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective case study using Stake’s methodology to understand the hepatitis B phenomenon. A constructivist approach allowed a holistic understanding from the real-life perspectives of those involved in the hepatitis B work. Information was sourced from the Aboriginal workforce, patients of remote clinics, interested community members and service providers.

Results
We identified six elements critical to the successful conduct of our hepatitis B program, which included the essential role of the local Aboriginal workforce, providing health education in a patient’s preferred language, addressing shame and stigma, respecting culture, taking time, and building trust in the community.

Conclusions
Commitment over the long term was crucial for the success of our hepatitis B program. Adhering to the identified elements was essential to create a culturally safe environment and engage more Aboriginal people in clinical care and research. This study provides powerful lessons and insights that can be applied to other programs and comparable settings worldwide.
Diagnostic error during antenatal care visit in selected health facilities of Ethiopia: a survey
Authors: Gebremariam Birhan Meskelu , Aboye Genet Tadese , Dessalegn Abebaw Aynewa , Simegn Gizeaddis Lamesgin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDiagnostic error in antenatal care is a critical concern within the broader challenge of diagnostic errors in healthcare. Antenatal care plays a crucial role in ensuring the well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus during pregnancy. As a result, missed or delayed antenatal care visits or diagnosis errors of maternity complications affect both the mother and the baby. Diagnostic errors in this context refer to mistakes or inaccuracies in identifying and interpreting medical conditions, risks, or abnormalities related to the pregnancy. Several factors contribute to diagnostic errors in antenatal care, and understanding these challenges is essential for improving the overall quality of maternal and fetal healthcare. Delivering an improved approach to underrating diagnostic error requires the combined usage of non-technological and technological solutions. Identifying the factors contributing to diagnostic errors among healthcare professionals can lead to targeted interventions, training programs, and system level changes to prevent or minimize such errors. In this study, the prevalence of DE among health care professionals, pregnant women, and their relatives, and the frequency of occurrence of DE among health workers in selected health facilities in Ethiopia has been assessed. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The assessment results show that the major causes of diagnostic errors (mainly incorrect diagnosis) are identified as loss of patient records (36.4%), lack of proper laboratory (22.7%), and an insufficient number of health care professionals (13.6%). The leading effects of diagnostic error recognized are disease aggravation (58.3%) and permanent disability (25.0%). The research shows that providing an accurate diagnosis is crucial for avoiding risky obstetric outcomes and, as a result, reducing morbidity and mortality due to complications of pregnancy.
Diffusion capability of Cs-137 in compacted soil and bentonite under groundwater-saturated condition
Authors: Salma Sufi Adzkia , Ekaningrum Nurul Efri , Pratama Hendra Adhi , Setiawan Budi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeveral researches have been studied the diffusion coefficient (Da) of radionuclide in soil samples in varies location around the world; however, the effect of cations in groundwater as a medium of saturation for Cs-137 diffusion in soil and bentonite remains to be accomplished. Compacted soil and bentonite layers are utilized in the construction of radioactive waste disposal sites, which serve to prevent the release of Cs-137 from the repository to the unsaturated zone. The samples used were soil from the prospective disposal site in SP4—Serpong Nuclear Center (SNC) and bentonite taken from Santrijaya, Tasikmalaya. The diffusion coefficient (Da) is used as indicator of Cesium-137 diffusion in the samples. Experimental measurements were conducted on a diffusion column unit that varied in diffusion time and density conditions to determine diffusion coefficients. The samples were cut into slices and analyzed using Multichannel Analyzer (MCA) unit to measure Cs-137 radioactivity. The measurement results were then incorporated into Fick's Law equation to obtain the value of the diffusion coefficient (Da) of Cs-137 in soil and bentonite. The experimental results showed that the diffusion coefficients of samples with groundwater simulation are in the range of 10–12 m2 s−1 for the local soil and bentonite samples, respectively. Compare to the similar experiment that was conducted previously, the results indicated that the groundwater content could slightly impact the increase in the diffusion coefficient value of Cs-137.
On the effects of the timing of an intense cyclone on summertime sea-ice evolution in the Arctic
Authors: Tian Zhongxiang , Liang Xi , Zhao Fu , Liu Na , Li Ming , Li Chunhua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the impacts of the timing of an extreme cyclone that occurred in August 2012 on the sea-ice volume evolution based on the Arctic Ice Ocean Prediction System (ArcIOPS). By applying a novel cyclone removal algorithm to the atmospheric forcing during 4–12 August 2012, we superimpose the derived cyclone component onto the atmospheric forcing one month later or earlier. This study finds that although the extreme cyclone leads to strong sea-ice volume loss in all runs, large divergence occurs in sea-ice melting mechanism in response to various timing of the cyclone. The extreme cyclone occurred in August, when enhanced ice volume loss is attributed to ice bottom melt primarily and ice surface melt secondarily. If the cyclone occurs one month earlier, ice surface melt dominates ice volume loss, and earlier appearance of open water within the ice zone initiates positive ice-albedo feedback, leading to a long lasting of the cyclone-induced impacts for approximately one month, and eventually a lower September ice volume. In contrast, if the cyclone occurs one month later, ice bottom melt entirely dominates ice volume loss, and the air-open water heat flux in the ice zone tends to offset ice volume loss.
Utilization of the Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) in an Inner-City Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mangano James , Middleton Bradley , Wojcik Susan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of the Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) in an inner-city emergency department during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods:
Data were abstracted from individual emergency department encounters over 6 weeks. The study compared left without being seen (LWBS) percentage, door-to-provider, and door-to-disposition times for 2 weeks before, during, and after the DMAT.

Results:
The LWBS percentages for the 2 weeks before and after the DMAT were 16.2% and 11.6%, respectively. The LWBS percentage during the DMAT was 8.1%. Door-to-disposition times for the 2 weeks before and after the DMAT were 7.36 hours and 8.53 hours, respectively. The door-to-disposition during the DMAT was 7.33 hours. Door-to-disposition was statistically significant during the 2 weeks of the DMAT compared to the 2 weeks after the DMAT (7.33 vs 8.53, P < 0.05) but not statistically significant when compared to the period before the DMAT (7.36 vs 7.33, P = 1.00). Door-to-provider time was the longest during the DMAT (122.5 minutes [2.04 hours]) when compared to the time frame before the DMAT (114.54 minutes [1.91 hours]) and after the DMAT (102.84 minutes [1.71 hours]).

Conclusion:
The DMAT had the most positive impact on LWBS percentages. The DMAT showed no improvement in door-to-provider times in the study and only in door-to-disposition times when comparing the time the DMAT was present to after the DMAT departed.
‘We’ instead of ‘me’: How Buen Vivir Indigenous cosmopraxes allow us to conceive security differently and face insecurities together
Authors: Cortinhas Juliano , Martinelli Yara , Barbosa Ricardo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough Critical Security Studies (CSS) has done much to advance security debates, some shortcomings remain. Its excessive focus on the individual – which we term ‘me’ – reduces CSS' capacity to propose solutions to current global security problems such as pandemics and climate change. This paper contributes to the emerging scholarship on the potential of relational ontologies in Security Studies by introducing Buen Vivir Indigenous cosmopraxes into the debate. Indigenous cosmopraxes such as Sumak Kawsay, Suma Qamaña, and Teko Kavi, we argue, can inform CSS by providing alternative considerations to the pluriverse of ideas that address security crises. These cosmopraxes, which make up the broad notion of Buen Vivir, provide a way to think and enact security from a collective perspective, one that emphasises ‘we’ instead of the liberal self. In that sense, these cosmopraxes allow us to conceive security differently and face insecurities together.
A psychological model of collective risk perceptions
Authors: Pirla Sergio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Decades of research seek to understand how people form perceptions of risk by modeling either individual-level psychological processes or broader social and organizational mechanisms. Yet, little formal theoretical work has focused on the interaction of these 2 sets of factors. In this paper, I contribute to closing this gap by modifying a psychologically rich individual model of probabilistic reasoning to account for the transmission and collective emergence of risk perceptions. Using data from 357 individuals, I present experimental evidence in support of my main building assumptions and demonstrate the empirical validity of my model. Incorporating these results into an agent-based setting, I simulate over 1.5 billion social interactions to analyze the emergence of risk perceptions within organizations under different information frictions (i.e., limits on the availability and precision of social information). My results show that by focusing on information quality (rather than availability), groups and organizations can more effectively boost the accuracy of their emergent risk perceptions. This work offers researchers a formal framework to analyze the relationship between psychological and organizational factors in shaping risk perceptions.
THE DEFINABILITY OF THE EXTENDER SEQUENCE FROM IN
Authors: SCHLUTZENBERG FARMER 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLet M be a short extender mouse. We prove that if
$E\in M$
and
$M\models $
“E is a countably complete short extender whose support is a cardinal
$\theta $
and
$\mathcal {H}_\theta \subseteq \mathrm {Ult}(V,E)$
”, then E is in the extender sequence
$\mathbb {E}^M$
of M. We also prove other related facts, and use them to establish that if
$\kappa $
is an uncountable cardinal of M and
$\kappa ^{+M}$
exists in M then
$(\mathcal {H}_{\kappa ^+})^M$
satisfies the Axiom of Global Choice. We prove that if M satisfies the Power Set Axiom then
$\mathbb {E}^M$
is definable over the universe of M from the parameter
$X=\mathbb {E}^M\!\upharpoonright \!\aleph _1^M$
, and M satisfies “Every set is
$\mathrm {OD}_{\{X\}}$
”. We also prove various local versions of this fact in which M has a largest cardinal, and a version for generic extensions of M. As a consequence, for example, the minimal proper class mouse with a Woodin limit of Woodin cardinals models “
$V=\mathrm {HOD}$
”. This adapts to many other similar examples. We also describe a simplified approach to Mitchell–Steel fine structure, which does away with the parameters
$u_n$
.
Was Carlo Gesualdo’s Honour Killing Liturgical?
Authors: LEVENBERG JEFFREY 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent years, musicologists have dropped the murder charges against Carlo Gesualdo because criminal law in Renaissance Italy permitted cuckolds to execute their unfaithful wives. As Annibale Cogliano has expounded, Gesualdo had the right to perform an ‘honour killing’. Still, the known facts of this case are few, and the extent to which Gesualdo premeditated his attack has remained a mystery. Through a new investigation of the surviving sources, this study proposes that Gesualdo coordinated his honour killing with the church liturgy: fearful of breaking the fifth commandment, Gesualdo attacked on a day when the Bible lesson sanctioned vendetta killing.
Biocultural and social determinants of ill health and early mortality in a New Mexican paediatric autopsy sample
Authors: O’Donnell Lexi , Green John J. , Hill Ethan C. , O’Donnell Michael J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIllness and mortality have social origins, and infants and children are especially susceptible to the impacts of adverse social experiences. Early-life stress (ELS) – physiological disruptions suffered by a developing organism – is incorporated into human biology through embodiment. This paper examines whether children who lived and died in New Mexico (2011–2019) embodied social determinants of health. Data were collected from 780 postmortem computed tomography scans in conjunction with data from field notes and autopsy reports for individuals aged 0.5–20.99 years from New Mexico. Variables included in linear/logistic regressions are the per cent of families in poverty by ZIP code and year, housing type (trailer/mobile home, apartment, house), rural/urban residence areas, and race/ethnicity. Health outcome variables are age at death, respiratory conditions, growth stunting and arrest, and porous cranial lesions. Intersections of poverty, housing disparities, and race/ethnicity are examined to understand whether children from New Mexico incorporated ELS into their biology.ResultsHispanic children have higher odds of growth stunting than non-Hispanic White children. Native American children die younger and have higher odds of respiratory diseases and porous lesions than Hispanic and non-Hispanic Whites. Rural/urban location does not significantly impact age at death, but housing type does. Individuals who lived in trailers/mobile homes had earlier ages at death. When intersections between housing type and housing location are considered, children who were poor and from impoverished areas lived longer than those who were poor from relatively well-off areas.ConclusionsChildren’s health is shaped by factors outside their control. The children included in this study embodied experiences of social and ELS and did not survive to adulthood. They provide the most sobering example of the harm that social factors (structural racism/discrimination, socioeconomic, and political structures) can inflict.