bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival of NobelDirect Implants: An Analysis of 550 Consecutively Placed Implants at 18 Different Clinical Centers
Authors: Albrektsson Tomas , Gottlow Jan , Meirelles Luiz , Östman Per‐Olov , Rocci Antonio , Sennerby Lars 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:  A recently introduced implant, the NobelDirect (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden), has previously been documented with substantial bone resorption in a large number of operated cases.PurposeL  The aim of this study was to evaluate the failure rate of NobelDirect implants in a retrospective multicenter survey.Materials and Methods:  A total of 550 NobelDirect implants consecutively placed in over 269 patients at 18 centers were evaluated with regard to failure rate after an average follow‐up of about 1 year.Results:  The overall failure percentage was 10.9% (59 failures). The 58 implants not loaded directly showed only one failure (1.7%) versus 58 failures (11.8%) of those implants that were loaded directly. A chemical x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of an implant from the original batch showed up to 3.5% silicon at parts of the implants. A retrieval analysis of one implant removed at 2 years after placement demonstrated bone resorption down to the level of the fifth thread.Conclusions:  It is concluded that the NobelDirect implant, if placed with a punch procedure, ground down in situ, and loaded directly, shows an unusually high failure rate at 1 year.
Low Interannual Variation of Mating System and Gene Flow of Symphonia globulifera in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Da Silva Carneiro Francimary , Magno Sebbenn Alexandre , Kanashiro Milton , Degen Bernd 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTSix microsatellite loci were used to compare the mating system and gene flow in two consecutive years of a natural, unlogged population of Symphonia globulifera in a 500 ha experimental plot in the Brazilian Amazon (Flona Tapajós). The species had a low density of reproductive trees per hectare (d= 0.46 trees/ha). We analyzed 205 trees and 261 and 487 open‐pollinated seeds from 26 and 30 mother‐trees in the years 2002 and 2003, respectively. A significant spatial genetic structure was detected for the adult trees for distances up to 100 m. We observed only small interannual differences in multilocus outcrossing rate (, ), biparental inbreeding (, ), and paternity correlation (, ). The number of pollen donors contributing to mating of each tree in both years was estimated to be low (). Using TwoGener analysis to calculate the density of reproductive trees and the distance of pollen dispersal for normal and exponential models, the lowest error was detected for exponential model. For this model, the estimated density of reproductive trees was lower in 2002 ( trees/ha) than 2003 ( trees/ha), resulting in a higher distance of pollen dispersal in 2002 ( m) than 2003 ( m), although these changes did not affect the outcrossing and correlated mating rates.
Species Dynamics During Early Secondary Forest Succession: Recruitment, Mortality and Species Turnover
Authors: Van Breugel Michiel , Bongers Frans , Martínez‐Ramos Miguel 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe “Initial Floristic Composition” hypothesis is applied to secondary tropical rain forest succession in abandoned agricultural fields with light previous land‐use and close to seed sources. This hypothesis predicts that both pioneer and shade‐tolerant species colonize a site directly after abandonment, and as the canopy closes, the recruitment of pioneers sharply declines, while recruitment of shade‐tolerant species continues. It also predicts higher mortality among pioneers. Consequently, recruited and dead trees are expected to differ in species composition, with highest species richness for the recruits. During 18 mo, we monitored recruitment and mortality of trees with height ≥ 1.5 m in eight plots in abandoned cornfields with initial fallow age of 1–5 yr, in SE Mexico. Shade‐tolerant species established in the first years of succession, albeit in low numbers. As predicted, recruited and dead trees differed in species richness and composition, and in shade‐tolerant frequency. In contrast to our expectations, over 50 percent of recruits were from pioneer species, as high stand‐level mortality opened new opportunities for continued pioneer colonization. Species turnover starts very early in succession but is not always a gradual and continuous process, complicating prevailing succession models. The strong spatial and temporal variability of succession emphasizes the need to monitor these dynamics in permanent plots across a range of initial stand ages, with multiple plots in a given age class.
Forest Fragmentation Reduces Seed Dispersal of Duckeodendron cestroides, a Central Amazon Endemic
Authors: Cramer Jennifer M. , Mesquita Rita C. G. , Bentos Tony Vizcarra , Moser Barry , Williamson G. Bruce 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTFragmentation that alters mutualistic relationships between plants and frugivorous animals may reduce the seed dispersal of trees. We examined the effects of forest fragmentation on the distributions of seeds and seedlings of a Central Amazon endemic tree, Duckeodendron cestroides. In the dry seasons of 2002–2004, seeds and first‐year seedlings were counted within wedge‐shaped transects centered around Duckeodendron adults in fragments and nearby continuous forests at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragmentation Project. Analyses showed that fragmentation reduced seed dispersal quantity and quality. The percent and distance of dispersed seeds were both twice as great in continuous forest as in fragments. The distances of each tree's five furthest dispersed seeds were three times greater in continuous forest than fragments. Over the 3‐yr study, 20 times more seeds were dispersed more than 10 m from parent crowns in continuous forest than fragments. A regression analysis showed more dispersed seeds at all distances in continuous forest than fragments. Dispersal differences were strong in 2002 and 2004, years of large fruit crops, but weak or absent in 2003, when fruit production was low. As distance from parent crowns increased, the number of seedlings declined more rapidly in fragments than continuous forest. Distance‐dependent mortality between the seed and seedling stages appeared to be more important in continuous forest than fragments. This research provides ample, indirect evidence demonstrating that forest fragmentation can result in the breakdown of a seed dispersal mutualism, potentially jeopardizing the reproduction of a rare, tropical tree.
EFFECTS OF DIETARY POULTRY LITTER SUPPLEMENTATION ON BEEF STEAK RETAIL COLOR AND APPEARANCE1
Authors: JEREMIAH L. E. , GIBSON L. L. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTTen Holstein steers were fed conventional back grounding and finishing diets and 10 comparable steers were supplemented with poultry litter. At the end of the finishing period, all animals were harvested. After 144 h at 2C, the boneless M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscles were removed, cut into steaks (1.9 cm), vacuum packaged, and frozen. A steak adjacent to the thirteenth thoracic vertebra of alternate carcass sides was removed and thawed (4C for 24 h). All steaks were then over wrapped in oxygen permeable film, displayed for four days, and evaluated for retail properties and performance. Changes in visual properties and meat pigments during display clearly demonstrated samples from treated animals had an additional day of color stability over their untreated counterparts, resulting in an additional day of retail case‐life based upon visual properties.
FUNCTIONAL PROTEIN ISOLATES FROM MECHANICALLY DEBONED TURKEY BY ALKALINE SOLUBILIZATION WITH ISOELECTRIC PRECIPITATION
Authors: LIANG YONG , HULTIN HERBERT O. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTFunctional protein isolates were separated from coarsely and finely ground mechanically deboned (MDB) turkey using a combined alkaline solubilization with isoelectric precipitation method. Although the two types of MDB turkey were quite different in original composition, the compositions of the resultant protein isolates were very similar. Almost all of the fat, collagen and calcium originally present in the MDB turkey were removed during the processing. Gels made from the resultant protein isolates showed good textural properties and water retention ability with lighter color than the original MDB turkey.
FRESH AND PROCESSED QUALITIES OF COUNTRY‐STYLE CURED HAMS FROM PUREBRED DUROC AND GENETICALLY UNDEFINED MARKET HOGS
Authors: STALDER K. J. , MELTON C. C. , CONATSER G. E. , MELTON S. L. , PENFIELD M. J. , MOUNT J. R. , MURPHEY D. , GODDARD K. J. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to determine country‐style processing differences between hams from purebred Duroc market hogs and market hogs of unknown genetic makeup. Genetically undefined hams purchased from commercial suppliers were sampled the same day as hams from Duroc market hogs. Processing and curing followed standard commercial procedures. After curing, hams were weighed and sliced using a band saw. Slices from the approximate center of the ham were utilized to evaluate cured objective color, moisture content, pH, and salt content. There were no significant differences in cured ham yield between Duroc and genetically undefined market hogs. Intramuscular fat content was greater (P< 0.05) in hams from Duroc market hogs when compared to the hams from genetically undefined pigs. Subjective color, marbling and firmness scores were higher (P< 0.05) in hams from Duroc pigs. Objective color evaluation of cured, center‐slices favored the hams from Duroc market hogs.
DEVELOPMENT OF PROTEIN CHIP BASED ON SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE FOR THE DETECTION OF ACTINOBACILLUS PLEUROPNEUMONIAE ANTIBODY
Authors: KIM TAE JUNG , CHO HO SEONG , LEE JAE IL , PARK NAM YONG 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT A protein chip based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was developed for measuring the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) antibody (Ab) titers using recombinant transferrin‐binding protein B (Tbp B) as an antigen. The diagnostic potential of this SPR assay for detecting the Ab titers to APP Tbp B was compared with that of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using 70 serum samples obtained from six pig farms. The SPR assay was found to be highly specific and sensitive. Moreover, there was a strong positive correlation between the SPR and ELISA titers (n = 70, r = 0.858, P < 0.01). In conclusion, the SPR, which is a label‐free method, is expected to be a valuable and reproducible tool in the serodiagnosis of an APP infection.
REVIEW OF MID‐INFRARED FOURIER TRANSFORM‐INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY APPLICATIONS FOR BACTERIAL DETECTION
Authors: BURGULA Y. , KHALI D. , KIM S. , KRISHNAN S.S. , COUSIN M.A. , GORE J.P. , REUHS B.L. , MAUER L.J. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) methods enable chemical discrimination of intact bacterial cells and produce complex whole‐organism biochemical fingerprints (spectra), which are reproducible and distinct for different bacteria. Numerous researchers indicate that there is great potential for using FT‐IR methods in combination with multivariate statistics (chemometrics) to detect and identify bacteria in water, culture media and foods. This article presents a review of the FT‐IR techniques, sample preparation procedures and experimental conditions used in these studies, as well as advantages, disadvantages and challenges that remain for the development of FT‐IR detection methods.
APPLICATION OF MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION TO THE DETECTION OF PATHOGENS IN FOOD
Authors: PERRY LYNDA , HEARD PRECIAUS , KANE MICHAEL , KIM HANYOUP , SAVIKHIN SERGEI , DOMÍNGUEZ WILFREDO , APPLEGATE BRUCE 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR), the simultaneous amplification of two or more polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products in the same reaction tube, can be applied to the rapid detection of pathogenic microorganisms in food matrices. mPCR can be used to test for multiple pathogens simultaneously or to test for multiple virulence factors associated with a single pathogen. Heterogeneous pathogens such as Escherichia coli cannot only be detected by mPCR but can also be differentiated by pathotype or serotype based on amplicon profiles. Sensitive detection of pathogens in food by mPCR (≤1 cfu/g) can be achieved if a high concentration of target DNA with minimal contamination by PCR inhibitors can be prepared. This process generally requires enrichment, which adds 6–24 h to the assay time. Even so, pathogens that grow slowly, are difficult to isolate or are difficult to identify can be detected more rapidly by mPCR than by culture‐based methods. This review covered methods and application of mPCR assays for detection of pathogens in the food production and distribution process.
Caring for the future: Strategies for promoting violence prevention in pediatric primary care
Authors: Notarianni Mary Ann , Clements Paul T. , Tillman Harry J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurpose: To identify strategies that will assist nurse practitioners (NPs) to incorporate universal youth violence screening and prevention strategies into their practices.Data sources: Extensive reviews of the extant literature, clinical and anecdotal information, and professional experiences and encounters were utilized to explore and identify current practice recommendations related to youth violence prevention.Conclusions: NPs’ expertise in health promotion makes them an important member of interdisciplinary team efforts to prevent youth violence. Knowledge of risk factors, appropriately focused assessment, and relevant intervention strategies can assist NPs to fulfill a valuable role in this critical endeavor.Implications for practice: Recently, there has been an increased recognition of the role that healthcare providers at all levels can play in decreasing youth violence. A greater emphasis on strategies already employed by NPs to promote the development of healthy families can contribute greatly to reducing the problem of youth violence. Universal screening for warning signs and level of violence risk in youth, as well as utilizing appropriate interventions and referrals will provide NPs with the opportunity to contribute to this important goal.
When trade liberalization turns into regulatory reform: The impact on business–government relations in international trade politics
Authors: Woll Cornelia , Artigas Alvaro 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBusiness–government relations on trade issues are generally characterized as protectionist lobbying or – less often – lobbying for the liberalization of markets. However, with the evolution of the trading system, negotiations today concern not just market opening, but also the regulatory frameworks that structure international trade. This transformation has important consequences for the ways in which private interests can contribute to trade negotiations. Instead of simply trying to exert pressure, businesses and other private actors now form working relationships with governments based on expertise, learning, and information exchange. This article illustrates these new forms of public–private interactions with examples from the USA, the European Union, and Brazil.
Acute Toxicity and Sublethal Effects of Nitrite on Selected Hematological Parameters and Tissues in Dark‐banded Rockfish, Sebastes inermis
Authors: Park In‐Seok , Lee Jinhwan , Hur Jun‐Wook , Song Young‐Chae , Na Hae Choon , Noh Choong Hwan 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of nitrite in dark‐banded rockfish, Sebastes inermis (83.3 ± 7.2 g), were studied under static conditions for a period of 96 h. The acute toxicity of nitrite evaluated for the 96‐h lethal concentration (LC50) was 700 mg/L. The sublethal effects on selected hematological parameters of S. inermis, such as total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin, plasma glucose, and serum protein content, were measured after 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure to 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 700 mg/L of nitrite. Sublethal nitrite caused progressive reduction in the TEC, hemoglobin, and serum protein content in fish depending on the nitrite concentration and exposure period. The 96‐h exposure resulted in a 14–42% reduction in TEC and 25–33% reduction in hemoglobin content for 100–700 mg/L of nitrite compared to the control. A dose‐related reduction in plasma glucose (25.7–34.2%) was observed for concentrations of 200–700 mg/L of nitrite during 48 h of exposure, followed by an increase through 96 h. A significant reduction in serum protein (7.3–12.6%) was observed for 200–700 mg/L of nitrite after 96 h of exposure. Abnormal histological changes in skin, gill, liver, and kidney tissue were observed in fish exposed to 700 mg/L of nitrite after 96 h of exposure compared to the control. Although no mortality of S. inermis occurred at 500 mg/L of nitrite, all hematological parameters adversely responded to a nitrite dose of 200 mg/L for 96 h. These results showed that although acute toxicity concentration of nitrite in S. inermis is higher than 700 mg/L, sublethal concentrations of nitrite also negatively affect hematological parameters.
Induced Spawning and Egg Quality Evaluation of Red Snapper, Lutjanus campechanus
Authors: Bourque Bradford D. , Phelps Ronald P. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Brood red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, were captured from the wild and induced to ovulate by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection; eggs and sperm were manually stripped; and the eggs were artificially fertilized. Eggs were evaluated by the following egg quality parameters: buoyancy, fertilization, egg size, and oil globule size and number. The relationship of these egg quality parameters and brood characteristics (female size, fecundity, time of year, and response time to ovulation) to 36 h posthatch larval survival was considered. Injection of wild‐caught red snapper females with 1100 IU/kg of hCG resulted in 75% of the females ovulating. The average fecundity was 343,377 ± 30,805 eggs/kg, with a mean percent fertilization of 79.0 ± 1.74%. The mean percentage of floating eggs per spawn was 91.8 ± 1.75%. Mean egg diameter for floating eggs was 778.3 ± 2.09 μm, with a mean oil globule diameter of 117.5 ± 1.53 μm. Brood‐related characteristics were a better predictor of larval survival than postovulation egg characteristics. The percentage of floating eggs in a spawn was not correlated to larval survival. Spawns with eggs having a single oil globule had a similar larval survival as those eggs where multiple globules were common. No clear relationships were found for any one factor and larval survival, but rather a combination of factors was more predictive of survival, most notably spawn date, fecundity, and response time following hCG injection.
Interactions of Dietary Microbial Phytase, Citric Acid and Crude Protein Level on Mineral Utilization by Rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), Juveniles
Authors: Baruah Kartik , Sahu Narottam P. , Pal Asim K. , Debnath Dipesh , Yengkokpam Sona , Mukherjee Subhas C. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment was designed to study the effect of microbial phytase (MP), citric acid (CA), and crude protein (CP) and their interactions on mineral utilization by rohu, Labeo rohita, juveniles. Two basal diets containing 25% (subnormal) or 35% (normal) CP were supplemented with MP (units, U/kg) and CA (%) at 0, 0; 500, 0; 0, 3; and 500, 3, respectively and fed to 125 juveniles (average initial weight: 13.16 g/fish). MP did not affect fecal ash content but CA (3%) addition activated MP. Apparent absorption of Zn, its content in whole body and plasma, was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in CA‐ and MP‐fed groups. Interaction between CA and MP was found for increased absorption of Na, P, K, Mn, Mg, Fe, and N, their concentrations in whole body and plasma. Cu and Ca absorption, and their concentration in body and plasma were increased as a result of addition of CA, MP, or their interaction. Thus, bioavailability of major minerals was highest in groups fed diets containing 500‐U MP and 3% CA. This improvement was more prominent in subnormal CP diet. Growth performance was also highest in this group. Thus, CA and MP at 25% CP diet had synergistic effect on mineral bioavailability in L. rohita.
Stability of Formulated Diets and Feeding Response of Stage I Western Spiny Lobster, Panulirus cygnus, Phyllosomata
Authors: Johnston Matthew D. , Johnston Danielle J 
Published: May 2007

Abstract This study is a preliminary assessment of suitable binders and formats of potential formulated diets for hatchery growout of early‐stage western spiny lobster, Panulirus cygnus, phyllosomata. Six dry meal (each bound with a different binder) and three gelatinous (all bound using gelatine) diets were tested for stability in water over increasing periods of time (4, 8, and 12 h), and the feeding response to each was observed by video analysis. The gelatinous krill diet appears most suited to the larval feeding biology of P. cygnus phyllosomata as it elicited a heightened feeding response immediately following immersion, was most stable in water up to 4 h, and did not foul the maxillae during ingestion. The dry meal diets were not as stable in water and contributed to excessive fouling of the maxillae during ingestion. Of the dry meal diets, the most suitable was bound with 5% k‐carrageenan, presumably because of high moisture content and softer texture.
Avian influenza and poultry workers, Peru, 2006
Authors: Ortiz Ernesto J. , Kochel Tadeusz J. , Capuano Ana W. , Setterquist Sharon F. , Gray Gregory C. 
Published: May 2007

Background  Currently numerous countries in Asia, Africa and Europe are encountering highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) infections in poultry and humans. In the Americas, home of the world’s largest poultry exporters, contingency plans are being developed and evaluated in preparation for the arrival of these viral strains.Objectives  With this cross‐sectional study, to our knowledge the first in its kind in Central or South America, we sought to learn whether Peruvian poultry workers had evidence of previous AI infection and if so, to determine the risk factors for infection.Methods  We performed a cross‐sectional seroprevalence study among 149 workers on a Peruvian poultry farm (132 exposed to poultry and 17 non‐exposed controls), serum samples were tested for human influenza virus exposure using a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Microneutralization assays were performed on all serum samples to detect antibodies against prototypic AI strains H4 through H12.Results  Using multivariate proportional odds modeling we found that the prevalence of elevated titers against AI viruses was low in both groups, exposed and non‐exposed controls.Conclusions  No evidence of previous AI infection among Peruvian poultry workers was found in this first cross‐sectional study performed in South America. This first occupational study of AI in Latin America was encouraging, but it likely reflects the sector of poultry production with higher biosecurity.