bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Enterohepatic and Gastric Helicobacter Species in Fecal Specimens of Children with Crohn's Disease
Authors: Man Si Ming , Zhang Li , Day Andrew S. , Leach Steven , Mitchell Hazel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground: Although there is compelling evidence to support the role of bacteria in Crohn's disease (CD), there is currently no solid evidence to support the role of any one specific bacterial causative agent. Recent studies have suggested that members of the Helicobacteraceae may play a role in the development of CD. The aim of this study was to further investigate the presence of members of the Helicobacteraceae in children with and without CD.Materials and methods: Fecal specimens from 29 children with CD, 11 healthy, normal controls, and 26 symptomatic controls with non‐inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathology were obtained for DNA extraction and subjected to Helicobacteraceae‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All PCR‐positive samples were sequenced. The association between the presence of members of the Helicobacteraceae and each study group was statistically analysed using the Fisher's exact test.Results: Based on Helicobacteraceae‐specific PCR analysis, 59% (17 of 29) of the children with CD were positive, which was significantly higher than that in asymptomatic healthy children [9% (1 of 11); p = .01] and that in symptomatic children with non‐IBD pathology [0% (0/26); p < .0001]. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of positive samples revealed the presence of both enterohepatic Helicobacter species and Helicobacter pylori in fecal specimens.Conclusions: For the first time, enterohepatic and gastric Helicobacter species have been identified in fecal specimens from children diagnosed with CD using PCR. Our data suggest that Helicobacter species may have a pathogenic role in the development of CD in a considerable proportion of children.
Does the Diagnostic Accuracy of the 13C‐Urea Breath Test Vary with Age Even After the Application of Urea Hydrolysis Rate?
Authors: Yang Hye Ran , Ko Jae Sung , Seo Jeong Kee 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground: Endogenous CO2 production may be a possible explanation for higher false‐positive results reported for 13C‐urea breath test (UBT) in children below 6 years. In this study, we evaluated whether age affects the diagnostic accuracy of the 13C‐UBT even after the application of urea hydrolysis rate (UHR) in children.Methods: A total of 612 13C‐UBTs and endoscopic biopsies were performed on children divided into two groups; children under 6 years (n = 126) and children aged 6–18 years (n = 486). For 13C‐UBT, 75 mg 13C‐urea was ingested, and breath sample was collected 30 minutes later. Delta over baseline (DOB) was determined, and UHR was calculated to normalize the DOB values for endogenous CO2 production.Results: There was significant difference between the DOB values of children under 6 years and those of children over 6 years in H. pylori‐positive (p = .029) and ‐negative groups (p = .002). On applying the UHR, no significant difference was observed between the UHR values of children under 6 years and those of children over 6 years in H. pylori‐positive (p = .877) and ‐negative groups (p = .427). In 12.6% children under 6 years, false‐positive results were observed on applying the DOB, and in 9.0% on applying the UHR (p = .125).Conclusions: The 13C‐UBT is a noninvasive method exhibiting high diagnostic accuracy with both UHR as well as DOB. However, high false‐positive results for 13C‐UBT were noted in children below 6 years on applying both UHR as well as DOB. Thus, this may not only be due to the effects of endogenous CO2 production but also due to other factors.
When Does Gastric Atrophy Develop in Japanese Children?
Authors: Kato Seiichi , Kikuchi Shogo , Nakajima Shigemi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground: Long‐term Helicobacter pylori infection causes inflammatory sequelae such as atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in the stomach, which is thought to increase the risk of developing gastric malignancy. We previously reported that gastric atrophy can develop in Japanese children with H. pylori infection, predominantly in the antrum. However, detailed data about the age of children with atrophy are largely lacking.Methods and results: In the present study, 131 children (79 boys) with H. pylori infection were re‐analyzed for an association between age and the grade of gastric atrophy. The gastric antrum was histologically evaluated in all 131 patients and the corpus in 46 patients. Grade 2 and 3 antral atrophy was observed in 13 and one patients, respectively: the mean age was 12.1 years. Two patients (11 and 14 years old) had grade 2 corpus atrophy but no patients had grade 3. No significant difference was found in age among patients with grade 0, 1 and 2 or 3 atrophy in the antrum (p = .97) and in the corpus (p = .59). None of the patients with grade 2 or 3 atrophy had intestinal metaplasia either in the antrum or in the corpus.Conclusions: The results of the present study require a careful interpretation because of the retrospective analysis. In high‐risk countries of gastric cancer, however, eradicating H. pylori in childhood could prove more effective in preventing gastric atrophy, ultimately, the development of cancer.
Comparative Study of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Rates of Twice‐Versus Four‐Times‐Daily Amoxicillin Administered with Proton Pump lnhibitor and Clarithromycin: A Randomized Study
Authors: Kim Seung Young , Lee Sang Woo , Jung Sung Woo , Koo Ja Seol , Yim Hyung Joon , Park Jong Jae , Chun Hoon Jai , Lee Hong Sik , Choi Jai Hyun , Kim Chang Duck , Ryu Ho Sang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)‐containing triple therapy with clarithromycin and amoxicillin is now a standard regimen for Helicobacter pylori eradication in Korea. Amoxicillin has time‐dependent bactericidal activity against H. pylori; we therefore assumed a dosing schedule of amoxicillin would affect the eradication rate of H. pylori. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of different amoxicillin dosing schedules for the eradication of H. pylori.Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty‐six patients with H. pylori infection were eligible for this study. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two regimens: amoxicillin 1000 mg with clarithromycin 500 mg and omeprazole 20 mg twice daily for 2 weeks (BID group, n = 93), or amoxicillin 500 mg four times daily with clarithromycin 500 mg and omeprazole 20 mg twice daily for 2 weeks (QID group, n = 93). The success of H. pylori eradication was evaluated 4–5 weeks after completing treatment.Results: Overall eradication rate was 90.3%, and eradication rates were 91.4% in the BID group and 89.2% in the QID group (p = 0.62). Compliances was 95.7% in the BID group and 93.5% in the QID group (p = 0.516); this was the only factor that significantly affected H. pylori eradication in this study. Side effects in both groups were generally mild.Conclusions: Amoxicillin regimens with PPI and clarithromycin are found to be equally effective and safe in both the BID and QID groups for H. pylori eradication. Therefore, considering patient's comfort, we recommend a twice daily amoxicillin regimen.
Petrology of corundum‐spinel‐sapphirine‐anorthite rocks (sakenites) from the type locality in southern Madagascar
Authors: RAITH M. M. , RAKOTONDRAZAFY R. , SENGUPTA P. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract‘Sakenites’ constitute a unique association of corundum‐, spinel‐ and sapphirine‐bearing anorthitic to phlogopitic rocks, first described in rocks from an exposure along the beds of the Sakena river to the NW of Ihosy, south Madagascar. The exposure has been revisited and subjected to a detailed petrological and geochemical study. The aluminous anorthitic rocks occur as boudinaged bands and lenses, closely associated with corundum‐, spinel‐ and sapphirine‐bearing phlogopitites, diverse calcsilicate rocks and marbles within a series of biotite‐sillimanite‐cordierite gneisses of the Ihosy granulite unit in the NW of the Pan‐African Bongolava‐Ranotsara shear zone. Bimineralic anorthite + corundum domains preserve the earliest record of a polyphasic evolutionary history that includes two distinct metasomatic episodes. Probable protoliths of these bimineralic rocks were kaolinite‐rich sediments or calcareous bauxites that were altered by Ca or Si infiltration‐metasomatism prior to or coeval with the development of the anorthite‐corundum assemblage. P–T pseudosection modelling of metapelitic gneisses suggests peak‐conditions around 800 °C and 6–7 kbar for the regional high‐grade metamorphism and deformation in the NW part of the Bongolava‐Ranotsara shear zone. The well‐annealed granoblastic‐polygonal textures indicate complete chemical and textural re‐equilibration of the foliated bimineralic rocks during this event. Subsequently, at somewhat lower P–T conditions (750–700 °C, 6 kbar), the influx of Mg‐, Si‐ and K‐bearing fluids into the anorthite‐corundum rocks caused significant metasomatic changes. In zones infiltrated by ‘primary’ potassic fluids, the bimineralic assemblage was completely replaced by phlogopite and Mg‐Al minerals, thereby producing corundum‐, spinel‐ and sapphirine‐bearing phlogopitites. Further advance of the resulting ‘residual’ Mg‐ and Si‐bearing fluids into anorthite‐corundum domains led to partial to complete replacement of corundum porphyroblasts by spinel, spinel + sapphirine or sapphirine, depending on the activities of the solutes. The static textures developed during this second metasomatic episode suggest fluid influx subsequent to intense ductile deformation in the Bongolava‐Ranotsara ductile shear zone c. 530–500 Ma ago.
Behavioral Dependence in Patients With Medication Overuse Headache: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Consulting Patients Using the DSM‐IV Criteria
Authors: Radat Françoise , Creac’h Christelle , Guegan‐Massardier Evelyne , Mick Gérard , Guy Nathalie , Fabre Nelly , Giraud Pierric , Nachit‐Ouinekh Fatima , Lantéri‐Minet Michel 
Published: July 2008

Objective.—The aim of this study was to assess behavioral dependence on migraine abortive drugs in medication‐overuse headache (MOH) patients and identify the predisposing factors.Background.—It is common occurrence that MOH patients relapse after medication withdrawal. Behavioral determinants of medication overuse should therefore be identified in MOH patients.Methods.—This was a cross‐sectional, multicenter study that included 247 MOH patients (according to International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition criteria) consulting in French headache specialty centers. Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted by senior neurologists using a structured questionnaire including the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM‐IV) criteria for the evaluation of dependence, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for the evaluation of anxiety and depression, and 6‐item short‐form Headache Impact Test scale for the determination of functional impact.Results.—Most MOH patients had pre‐existing primary migraine (87.4%) and current migraine‐type headaches (83.0%). Treatments overused included triptans (45.8%), opioid analgesics alone or in combination (43.3% of patients), and analgesics (27.9%). Nonmigraine abortive substances (tobacco, caffeine, sedatives/anxiolytics) were overused by 13.8% of patients. Two‐thirds of MOH patients (66.8%) were considered dependent on acute treatments of headaches according to the DSM‐IV criteria. Most dependent MOH patients had migraine as pre‐existing primary headache (85.7%) and current migraine‐type headaches (87.9%), and most of them overused opioid analgesics. More dependent than nondependent MOH patients were dependent on psychoactive substances (17.6% vs 6.1%). Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that risk factors of dependence on acute treatments of headaches pertained both to the underlying disease (history of migraine, unilateral headaches) and to drug addiction (opioid overuse, previous withdrawal). Affective symptoms did not appear among the predictive factors of dependence.Conclusion.—In some cases, MOH thus appears to belong to the spectrum of addictive behaviors. In clinical practice, behavioral management of MOH should be undertaken besides pharmacological management.
Bilateral Pressure Pain Sensitivity Mapping of the Temporalis Muscle in Chronic Tension‐Type Headache
Authors: Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas César , Ge Hong‐You , Cuadrado Maria Luz , Madeleine Pascal , Pareja Juan A. , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars 
Published: July 2008

Purpose.— To analyze pressure pain sensitivity maps in chronic tension‐type headache (CTTH) and healthy controls over nine locations covering the temporalis muscle.Background.— Lower pressure pain thresholds (PPT) have been found in craniofacial muscles in patients with CTTH. Since the temporalis muscle can play a relevant role in the genesis or maintenance of headache, the determination of pressure pain sensitivity maps of this muscle is needed.Methods.— A pressure algometer was used to measure PPT over 9 points of the temporalis muscle (3 points in the anterior part of the muscle, another 3 in the middle of the muscle, and the remaining 3 in the posterior part) in 15 females suffering from CTTH and 10 healthy women. A pressure pain sensitivity map of both dominant and nondominant sides in patients and controls was calculated.Results.— Chronic tension‐type headache patients showed lower PPT as compared with healthy subjects (P < .01). Further, PPT levels of the nondominant side were lower than those on the dominant side for controls (P < .01). Within the CTTH group, more bilaterally homogeneous pressure pain sensitivity maps with PPT decreased from the posterior to anterior column were found, whereas among controls, PPT distribution maps were inhomogeneous with side‐to‐side differences.Conclusions.— Our data may provide preliminary new key information about muscle sensitivity, since it seems that pressure pain sensitivity maps could be different between CTTH patients and healthy subjects. Further studies with greater sample sizes and other headache populations are now required to confirm our results.
Serum Uric Acid and Lipid Levels While Taking Topiramate for Migraine
Authors: Koçer Abdulkadir , Dikici Süber , Atakay Selcuk , Okuyucu Efika 
Published: July 2008

Objective.— Topiramate (TPM) therapies for epilepsy or migraine are long‐time therapies with unknown mechanisms and special side effects. TPM influences cholesterol (TC) and lipoprotein serum levels. In addition, TPM may cause uric acid (UA) stone formation.Material and Methods.— Serum UA, TC, and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured in 53 migraine patients receiving TPM and in 44 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Compared with controls, patients on TPM showed significantly higher UA and nonsignificantly higher TC and TG values. We recorded pre‐ and posttreatment levels of UA, TC, and TG levels in 23 patients.Results.— We found increased serum levels of UA with TPM use (P < .01). There was a significant and positive correlation between serum UA levels and male gender (P < .01).The changes in serum UA levels before and after TPM treatment differed significantly (P < .01).Conclusion.— Our results suggest a need for monitoring serum UA levels in patients receiving TPM. We should perhaps prescribe a low‐UA diet and advice to drink much more water in these patients.
Common CX3CR1 Alleles Are Associated With a Reduced Risk of Headaches
Authors: Combadière Christophe , Godin Ophelia , Vidal Cécile , Cangialosi Arnaud , Proust Carole , Tzourio Christophe 
Published: July 2008

Objectives.— The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 in headaches and migraine.Methods.— Distribution of 2 polymorphisms of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 (V249I and T280M) was determined in a population‐based sample of 1179 elderly individuals.Results.— Heterozygotes for both CX3CR1 polymorphisms had a reduced risk of recurrent headaches, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.46‐0.90) for the I249 allele and 0.55 (95% CI = 0.38‐0.81) for the M280 allele. Haplotype analysis showed that carriers of the rarer CX3CR1 I249‐M280 haplotype had a reduced risk of recurrent headaches, with an OR of 0.57 (95% CI = 0.41‐0.80, P = .001). This association was seen for both nonmigraine headaches (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.28‐0.79, P = .004) and migraine (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.43‐0.98, P = .041).Conclusions.— These results need to be replicated but suggest that the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 may play a role in recurrent headaches.
Chronic Daily Headache With Analgesics Overuse in Professional Women Breath‐Hold Divers
Authors: Choi Jay Chol , Lee Jung Seok , Kang Sa‐Yoon , Kang Ji‐Hoon , Bae Jong‐Myon 
Published: July 2008

Objective.— The object of this study is to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of headache in Korean professional women breath‐hold divers, including their overuse of analgesics.Background.— Headache is a common problem encountered in clinical practice, and undersea divers exhibit unique causes of headache in addition to other common primary headaches. Many scuba divers are known to use various types of drugs to overcome dive‐related symptoms or to enhance their underwater performance.Methods.— The target population of this study was women divers in the northern district of Jeju Island who were registered in the divers’ union. Data were collected using telephone interviews with a structured questionnaire. Headache was diagnosed and classified according to criteria of the International Headache Society.Results.— Nine hundred and eleven (80.3%) divers responded to the telephone interview. The prevalence rates of headache were 21.4% for tension‐type headache and 9.1% for migraine. One hundred and four divers (11.4%) fulfilled the criteria for chronic daily headache (CDH). Overuse of combination analgesics was reported by 70.7% of divers. Women divers with CDH were significantly older and they complained more of tinnitus and dizziness, and had a greater history of hypertension than divers without headache.Conclusion.— The prevalence of CDH is high in Korean professional women breath‐hold divers, with many of them being combination‐analgesics overusers.
Abnormal response of motor cortex to photic stimulation in idiopathic generalized epilepsy
Authors: Groppa Sergiu , Siebner Hartwig R. , Kurth Christoph , Stephani Ulrich , Siniatchkin Michael 
Published: July 2008

SummaryBackground: Intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) shortens the cortical silent period (CSP) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor hand area (M1HAND). This response is absent in healthy individuals with a photoparoxysmal response (PPR). Here we combined TMS of the M1HANDwith IPS to examine whether patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) exhibit an abnormal cortical response pattern to IPS.Methods: In 13 PPR‐positive and 12 PPR‐negative patients with IGE and in 13 PPR‐negative healthy controls, we used focal TMS to the M1HANDto study how cortical excitability is changed by concurrent IPS at 50 Hz.Results: IPS at 50 Hz reduced the duration of the CSP in healthy PPR‐negative individuals, whereas IPS had no effect on the CSP in PPR‐positive and PPR‐negative patients with generalized epilepsy. The failure of IPS to shorten the CSP was independent of antiepileptic medication. Single‐pulse or paired‐pulse TMS only without concurrent IPS showed a higher motor threshold in PPR‐positive patients with epilepsy, presumably caused by antiepileptic medication. No additional differences in cortical excitability were found among groups.Conclusions: Because the CSP is mediated by intracortical GABAergic mechanisms, our results indicate that IGEs are associated with an altered responsiveness of GABAergic inhibitory circuits in the M1HAND. This electrophysiological trait is independent of photosensitivity. Excitability changes at the cortical or thalamic level may mediate this abnormal cortical response pattern in patients with IGE.
Benefit of combination therapy in epilepsy: A review of the preclinical evidence with levetiracetam
Authors: Kaminski Rafal M. , Matagne Alain , Patsalos Philip N. , Klitgaard Henrik 
Published: July 2008

SummaryLevetiracetam (Keppra) is an antiepileptic drug (AED) characterized by a novel mechanism of action, unique profile of activity in seizure models, and broad‐spectrum clinical efficacy. The present report critically reviews several preclinical studies focused on combination therapy with levetiracetam and other anticonvulsants in various seizure and epilepsy models. Administration of levetiracetam together with many different clinically used AEDs or other anticonvulsants generally enhances their protective activity and, among existing AEDs, this was particularly prevalent with valproate. The protective activity of other AEDs was also enhanced by levetiracetam, which seems to be a universal finding that is independent of seizure model or drug combination studied. However, particularly strong enhancement was observed when levetiracetam was combined with agents either enhancing GABAergic or reducing glutamatergic neurotransmission. Importantly, these combinations were not associated with exacerbation of side effects or pharmacokinetic interactions. Based on the available preclinical data, it appears that combination treatment with levetiracetam and other anticonvulsants provides additional therapeutic benefit that may be attributed to its novel and distinct mechanism of action. Moreover, combinations of levetiracetam with clinically used AEDs that enhance GABAergic inhibition may be considered for rational polytherapy, which is often necessary in drug‐resistant patients.
Good surgical outcome in discordant ictal EEG‐MRI unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis patients
Authors: Castro Luiz H. , Serpa Mauricio H. , Valério Rosa M. , Jorge Carmen L. , Ono Carla R. , Arantes Paula R. , Rosemberg Sergio , Wen Hung Tzu 
Published: July 2008

Summary
Purpose: Video electroencephalography (vEEG) monitoring of patients with unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (uMTS) may show concordant or discordant seizure onset in relation to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of MTS. Contralateral seizure usually leads to an indication of invasive monitoring. Contralateral seizure onset on invasive monitoring may contraindicate surgery. We evaluated long‐term outcome after anteromesial temporal lobectomy (AMTL) in a consecutive series of uMTS patients with concordant and discordant vEEG findings, uniformly submitted to AMTL on the MRI evidence of MTS side without invasive monitoring.
Methods: We compared surgical outcome of all uMTS patients undergoing vEEG monitoring between January 1999 and April 2005 in our service. Discordant cases were defined by at least one seizure onset contralateral to the MRI evidence of MTS. Good surgical outcome was considered as Engel's class I. We also evaluated ictal SPECT concordance to ictal EEG and surgical outcome.
Results: Fifty‐four patients had concordant (C) and 22 had discordant (D) scalp EEG and MRI. Surgical outcome was similar in both groups (C = 74% versus D = 86%). Duration of follow‐up was comparable in both groups: C = 56.1 ± 20.7 months versus D = 59.8 ± 21.2 months (p = 0.83, nonsignificant).
Discordant single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) results did not influence surgical outcome.
Discussion: Surgical outcome was not influenced by contralateral vEEG seizure onset or contralateral increased flow on ictal SPECT. Although vEEG monitoring should still be performed in these patients, to rule out psychogenic seizures and extratemporal seizure onset, a potentially risky procedure such as invasive monitoring may not only not be indicated in this patient population, but may also lead to patients erroneously being denied surgery.