bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of embryonic spleen tissue reveals a role for adult non‐lymphoid cells in initiating lymphoid tissue organization
Authors: Glanville Stephanie H. , Bekiaris Vasileios , Jenkinson Eric J. , Lane Peter J. L. , Anderson Graham , Withers David R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this report we describe a transplantation system where embryonic spleens are grafted into adult hosts. This model can be used to analyze the cellular and molecular requirements for the development and organization of splenic microenvironments. Whole embryonic day 15 (ED15) spleens, grafted under the kidney capsule of adult mice, were colonized by host‐derived lymphocytes and DC and developed normal splenic architecture. Grafts were also able to form germinal centers in response to T‐dependent antigen. Using this system we demonstrated that adult host‐derived lymphotoxin (LT) α was sufficient for the development of ED15 LTα−/− grafts. Grafting of ED15 LTα−/− spleens into RAG−/− hosts followed by transfer of LT α−/− splenocytes revealed no requirement for lymphocyte‐derived LT α in the induction of CCL21 or the development of T‐zone stroma. These data suggest that interactions between adult lymphoid‐tissue inducer‐like cells and embryonic stromal cells initiated T‐zone development. Furthermore, adult lymphoid tissue inducer‐like cells were shown to develop from bone marrow‐derived progenitors. The model described here demonstrates a method of transferring whole splenic microenvironments and dissecting the stromal and hematopoietic signals involved in spleen development and organization.
Tumor progression inhibits the induction of multifunctionality in adoptively transferred tumor‐specific CD8+ T cells
Authors: Imai Naoko , Ikeda Hiroaki , Tawara Isao , Shiku Hiroshi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIt is becoming increasingly evident that the multifunctionality of effector cells at the single‐cell level is an important factor to predict the quality of T‐cell response in immunological protection. The significance of the multifunctionality of T cells in anti‐tumor immunity, however, remains unclear. Here, we assessed the IFN‐γ and TNF‐α production and CD107a mobilization in adoptively transferred tumor‐antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells at the single‐cell level. Tumor growth of the murine fibrosarcoma CMS5 was found to limit the induction of multifunctionality in the transferred cells. These cells exhibited insufficient acquisition of the CD25highGITRhighCD62Llow phenotype and reduced infiltration in tumor. Depletion of Treg facilitated the induction of high multifunctionality of the transferred cells even in the hosts with progressing tumor, leading to enhanced tumor regression. The multifunctionality of the transferred cells correlated with in vivo CTL activity, and T cells with high multifunctionality harvested from hosts with successful therapy induced tumor regression when re‐transferred into the tumor‐bearing hosts. These data suggest that the appearance of multifunctional CD8+ effector T cells in vivo is a critical determinant of the success of anti‐tumor immunotherapy and Treg play an important role in the mechanism inhibiting the induction of multifunctionality in effector cells.
Evaluation of instrument leak detection capabilities for smart LDAR application: Refinery testing
Authors: Furry D.W. , Harris G. , Ranum D. , Anderson E.P. , Carlstrom V.M. , Sadik W.A. , Shockley C.E. , Siegell J.H. , Smith D.G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTo progress wider application of optical imaging technology for Smart Leak Detection and Repair, confirmatory field test data on instrument leak detection capabilities for refinery streams were collected. During this testing, the optical imaging instrument was used to monitor over 110,000 components in six different refinery process unit areas. Seventy‐two leaks were found (∼0.065% of total components) using the optical imaging instrument and 40 of these leaks were bagged to quantify the mass emission rate. In addition, 30 components with high Method 21 readings that were not detected as leakers with the optical imaging instrument were bagged. The monitoring team was able to view over 4500 components per hour on average. This article includes a summary of the process areas monitored with the optical imaging instrument, the approximate number of components monitored in each process area, the time for this monitoring, a list of the components found leaking by the optical imaging instrument, the Method 21 reading for the leaking components, and the mass emission rate if the component was bagged. The minimum size refinery leak detected by the instrument during this test was 0.18 grams per hour. The maximum leak found by Method 21 that the camera could not detect was 11 grams per hour. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Modeling competitive adsorption of copper(II), lead(II), and cadmium(II) by kaolinite‐based clay mineral/humic acid system
Authors: Hizal Julide , Apak Resat , Hoell W.H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe aim of this work is to investigate and model the simultaneous adsorption of Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) in the presence and absence of humic acid on kaolinite‐based clays. The preliminary capacity estimation of clays for metal was made with the use of a modified Langmuir approach, and adsorption data collected at various pH were processed using the FITEQL 3.2 computer program to establish the model. The three types of surface sites responsible for adsorption were considered to be the permanent charge sites X, and variable charge sites comprised of S1OH silanol groups and S2OH aluminol groups of kaolinite‐based clays. Heavy metal cations were assumed to bind to the surface in the form of outer sphere and inner sphere monodentate complexes. When humic acid was added, divalent metal ion adsorption was modeled using a multisite binding model by the aid of FITEQL 3.2. Since the stability of the ternary surface complexes in the presence of humic acid was higher than that of the corresponding binary heavy metal cation complexes, the adsorption versus pH curves were steeper (and distinctly S‐shaped) compared with the tailed curves observed in binary clay‐metal ion systems, probably due to the fact that humic acid‐coated kaolinite essentially constituted the active surface for metal sorption. Although competitive metal adsorption from (metal ions mixture+humate) solutions was generally lower than those from individual metal ion solutions, Cd2+, being the metal ion with the highest affinity toward permanent charge sites, was the least affected ion at relatively low pH from competitive adsorption. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Petrographic and geochemical characterization of Archaic‐Hellenistic tableware production at Solunto, Sicily
Authors: Montana Giuseppe , Iliopoulos Ioannis , Tardo Valeria , Greco Caterina 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA selected assortment of Archaic‐Hellenistic tableware samples from Solunto, a Phoenician‐Punic site located 20 km east of Palermo (Sicily), has been subjected to thin‐section petrography and chemical analysis (XRF). In this settlement several ceramic kilns remained operative over a long time period (7th to 3rd century B.C.). The main goal of this analytical study is to distinguish the ceramics manufactured locally from regional and off‐island imports. Analytical results were matched to similar data concerning local natural clay sources and to coeval tableware productions from other sites in the same area. The ceramic pastes used by the ancient craftsmen of Solunto in the case of this class of pottery could be differentiated clearly by their petrochemical characteristics. We conclude that ceramics were locally produced far beyond satisfying just internal consumption needs, indicating interaction of Solunto with neighboring Greek colonies, indigenous people, and Phoenician‐Punic colonies of Sicily. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnosis and management of hereditary paraganglioma syndrome due to the F933>X67 SDHD mutation
Authors: Marvin Monica L. , Bradford Carol R. , Sisson James C. , Gruber Stephen B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe hereditary paraganglioma syndromes (PGLs) are autosomal dominant conditions with an increased risk for tumors of the sympathetic and parasympathetic neuroendocrine systems. The recognition of patients with hereditary PGL and identification of the responsible gene are important for the management of index patients and family members.MethodsWe present the clinical, radiological, biochemical, and family history findings of a 15‐year‐old boy patient with a glomus vagale versus glomus jugulare tumor.ResultsEvaluation of the family history and the patient's history led to the identification of a familial succinate dehydrogenase subunit D (SDHD) gene mutation (F933>X67), consistent with a diagnosis of hereditary PGL1. Although this family had all head and neck tumors, this SDHD mutation has previously been described in a family with primarily functional pheochromocytomas.ConclusionsThis case report highlights the variable expressivity of a single mutation in SDHD, (F933>X67). Careful and comprehensive screening is warranted for individuals at risk. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Outcome of craniofacial surgery in children and adolescents with malignant tumors involving the skull base: An international collaborative study
Authors: Gil Ziv , Patel Snehal G. , Cantu Giulio , Fliss Dan M. , Kowalski Luiz P. , Singh Bhuvanesh , Snyderman Carl , Kraus Dennis H. , Shah Jatin P. ,   International Collaborative Study Group
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to characterize the distribution of anterior skull base (ASB) cancers in the pediatric population and to identify predictors of outcome.MethodsThis was an international study of 1307 patients undergoing craniofacial surgery for malignant tumors; 6.4% (n = 84) among these were ≤21 years old.ResultsThe most common histologic type was sarcoma (40%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (14%). Higher incidence of tumors was found in older children (7.5–21 years) compared to younger children. The 5‐year disease‐specific and overall survival rates were 61% and 55%, respectively (median follow‐up of 30 months). The best prognosis was associated with low‐grade sarcomas and the worst with salivary and squamous cell carcinomas. High‐grade sarcoma represented an intermediate risk group. On multivariate analysis, prior radiotherapy and histology were independent predictors of survival.ConclusionSurgery for malignant tumors involving the ASB is feasible and safe in children. Histology is significant determinant of poor outcome in this population. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Tumor‐derived microvesicles in sera of patients with head and neck cancer and their role in tumor progression
Authors: Bergmann Christoph , Strauss Laura , Wieckowski Eva , Czystowska Malgorzata , Albers Andreas , Wang Yun , Zeidler Reinhard , Lang Stephan , Whiteside Theresa L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundTumor‐derived membranous vesicles (MV) isolated from sera of the patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) induce apoptosis of activated CD8+ T cells. We tested if MV molecular profile and activity correlate with disease progression.MethodsCD8+ Jurkat cells were incubated with MAGE 3/6+, FasL+, MHC class I+ MV isolated from sera of 60 patients with HNSCC and 25 normal controls by exclusion chromatography and ultracentrifugation. Z‐VAD‐FITC binding to Jurkat was measured and correlated with clinical data.ResultsMV from patients' sera, but not from sera of normal controls, induced Jurkat cell apoptosis. Forty‐five percent T cells+MV from patients with N1‐N3 disease were apoptotic versus 18% T cells+MV from patients with N0 disease (p < .008). MV from patients with active disease (AD) expressed higher FasL levels than MV from patients with no evident disease (NED) or normal controls (p ≤ .01).ConclusionMAGE 3/6+, FasL+, and MHCI+ MV in sera of patients induced T‐cell apoptosis, which correlated with disease activity and the presence of lymph node metastases. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Population‐based detection of Lynch syndrome in young colorectal cancer patients using microsatellite instability as the initial test
Authors: Schofield Lyn , Watson Natasha , Grieu Fabienne , Li Wei Qi , Zeps Nik , Harvey Jennet , Stewart Colin , Abdo Michael , Goldblatt Jack , Iacopetta Barry 
Published: December 2008

AbstractApproximately 1–2% of colorectal cancers (CRC) arise because of germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes, referred to as Lynch syndrome. These tumours show microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of expression of mismatch repair proteins. Pre‐symptomatic identification of mutation carriers has been demonstrated to improve survival; however, there is concern that many are not being identified using current practices. We evaluated population‐based MSI screening of CRC in young patients as a means of ascertaining mutation carriers. CRC diagnosed in patients aged <60 years were identified from pathology records. No prior information was available on family history of cancer. PCR techniques were used to determine MSI in the BAT‐26 mononucleotide repeat and mutation in the BRAF oncogene. Loss of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 protein expression was evaluated in MSI+ tumours by immunohistochemistry. MSI+ tumours were found in 105/1,344 (7.8%) patients, of which 7 were excluded as possible Lynch syndrome because of BRAF mutation. Of the 98 “red flag” cases that were followed up, 25 were already known as mutation carriers or members of mutation carrier families. Germline test results were obtained for 35 patients and revealed that 22 showed no apparent mutation, 11 showed likely pathogenic mutations and 2 had unclassified variants. The proportion of MSI+ cases in different age groups that were estimated to be mutation carriers was 89% (<30 years), 83% (30–39), 68% (40–49) and 17% (50–59). We recommend MSI as the initial test for population‐based screening of Lynch syndrome in younger CRC patients, regardless of family history. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Season of cancer diagnosis exerts distinct effects upon short‐ and long‐term survival
Authors: Roychoudhuri Rahul , Robinson David , Coupland Victoria , Holmberg Lars , Møller Henrik 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSeveral epidemiological studies have shown an association between the season in which certain cancers are diagnosed and survival, with diagnosis in summer and autumn being associated with better survival. In this study, we have added resolution to the analysis of seasonality in cancer survival by considering mortality within several nonoverlapping time periods following diagnosis, thereby quantifying the separate contributions of mechanisms operating in the short term and in the longer term. We found evidence of seasonality acting on mortality within 2 distinct periods following diagnosis. Diagnosis in the summer was associated with substantially decreased mortality within the first month of diagnosis compared with winter in men with prostate cancer, those of both sexes with colorectal or lung cancer, and most strikingly, amongst women with breast cancer (hazard ratio 0.81 [95% confidence interval 0.75–0.86]). Adjusting for monthly variations in general mortality greatly attenuated the seasonal effects on short‐term mortality. At long‐term follow‐up (>5 years), there was a consistent shift in the seasonality pattern, with autumn diagnosis alone being associated with decreased mortality, both in female breast cancer cases and in lung cancer cases of both sexes. We conclude that the higher survival observed amongst patients diagnosed in summer and autumn is predominantly a short‐term phenomenon that is largely attributable to generally higher mortality in winter. However, the distinct mortality reduction observed in the long term amongst those diagnosed in the autumn, especially amongst breast cancer patients, may indicate the presence of a seasonally variable protective mechanism. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute toxicity of parabens and their chlorinated by‐products with Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri bioassays
Authors: Terasaki Masanori , Makino Masakazu , Tatarazako Norihisa 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe acute toxicity of 21 parabens and their chlorinated derivatives was investigated by means of two toxicity bioassays: Daphnia magna immobilization test and the inhibition of bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri. The median effective concentration (EC50) values of the tested parabens ranged from 2.2 to 62 mg l−1 in the D. magna test and from 0.0038 to 5.9 mg l−1 in the V. fischeri test at 15 min after exposure. The toxicity of dichlorinated methyl‐ and n‐propylparaben, the most commonly used preservatives in cosmetics, toward D. magna was 3.9‐ and 2.8‐fold that of their corresponding parent compounds. Toxicity toward D. magna showed a linear relationship with log P, indicating that toxicity increases with increasing hydrophobicity. On the other hand, the correlations of toxicity toward V. fischeri with hydrophobicity and with the degree of chlorination were poor. In addition, the results of the present study indicated that the V. fischeri test was more sensitive than the D. magna test for the determination of the acute toxicity of parabens. A complete assessment of the ecological and toxicological risks of parabens may require the examination of chlorinated parabens as well as the parent pollutants, as described in the present study. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of material property and heat treatment on nanomechanical properties of chitosan films
Authors: Majd Shervin , Yuan Youling , Mishra Sanjay , Haggard Warren O. , Bumgardner Joel D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe influence of degree of deacetylation (DDA), molecular weight (MW), and heat treatment on nanomechanical properties of three different chitosan coatings was assessed. Chitosans (2.5 wt % in 2% acetic acid) were solution cast and bonded to glass slides, subjected to 40, 70, or 90°C heat treatments for 1 h, and then allowed to air dry. Non‐heat treated films were used as controls. The nanomechanical and structural properties were evaluated using quasi‐static nanoindentation, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Nanoindentation results showed that the coating with the lowest MW and highest DDA (95.6% DDA and MW = 2.43 × 106 Da) had higher reduced modulus of elasticity, (E = 4.02 ± 0.85 GPa) as compared to the other chitosans; 76.1% DDA/MW = 3.20 × 106 Da, E = 3.66 ± 0.68 GPa, and 92.3% DDA/MW = 7.52 × 106 Da, E = 3.56 ± 0.25 GPa; (n = 75, p < 0.05). Crystallinity index, estimated via XRD, ranged from 36.4% ± 1% to 49.7% ± 6.5%. AFM revealed the presence of different crystalline morphologies such as needle‐like crystals, sheet‐like crystals, and small spherulites. The heat treatments applied during solution casting of the chitosan coatings did not affect morphology or nanomechanical properties. In conclusion, nanomechanical properties of chitosan coatings varied with DDA and MW and may be important to cell/tissue interactions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Hypersensitivity to plasma exchange in a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Lalmuanpuii Judy , Yalamanchili Kiran , Fircanis Sophia , Nelson John C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTo a limited extent, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) in addition to its clinical features is being defined nowadays with laboratory tests such as the assay for the Von Willebrand factor‐cleaving protease (ADAMTS 13) and its antibody. We present a case report of a patient with TTP and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who had an elevated inhibitor level after plasma exchange. After instituting plasma exchange, patient improved clinically with a platelet count in the normal range. Subsequently, she developed an elevated ADAMTS antibody titer accompanied by a decline in platelet count despite continued exchange. She was successfully treated with a combination of steroids, rituximab and increased dose plasmapheresis. Based on this experience, we conclude that a drop in platelet count while patient is undergoing plasma exchange especially in an initial episode of TTP needs prompt institution of additional therapy to improve outcomes. This case also brings to attention the possibility of an underlying ITP in a patient with an initial diagnosis of TTP. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aging, neighborhood attachment, and fear of crime: testing reciprocal effects
Authors: Oh Joong‐Hwan , Kim Sangmoon 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study attempts to examine the reciprocal effects between fear of crime and neighborhood attachment because aging is a critical factor in both discussions of fear of crime and neighborhood attachment (friendship, neighboring, social cohesion and trust, informal social control, and participation in neighborhood watch program). Using data from the Project on Human Development across 343 Chicago neighborhoods, this study tests the impact of aging combined with five measures of neighborhood attachment on fear of crime. Our analyses confirm that all five interaction variables are insignificant in explaining fear of crime. In contrast, this study tests another argument that aging coupled with fear of crime (urban elderly's fear of crime) affects neighborhood attachment. The findings show that rising fear of crime among urban elderly residents helps increase their interactions with neighbors (neighboring) and their perceived level of social cohesion to and trust of neighbors. In short, this study supports a model where an interaction predictor of aging and fear of crime increases neighborhood attachment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychiatrist availability, social disintegration, and suicide deaths in U.S. counties, 1990–1995
Authors: Kposowa Augustine J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPrevious studies have found that primary care resources are associated with various health outcomes. The primary purpose of the study was to test for associations between psychiatrist availability, social disintegration and suicide rates. Data utilized were from the 2002 Area Resource File on U.S. counties (N=3080). Suicide rates were averaged over 6 years covering 1990 through 1995. Poisson and Negative binomial regression models were used to assess the association of psychiatrist availability and suicide rate ratios. Availability of psychiatrists was significantly related to suicide. Counties with greater availability of psychiatrists per 10,000 experienced a 0.12% reduction in their suicide rates (β=−0.0012, incidence density ratio [IDR]=0.9988, 95% CI=0.9984–0.9992). Divorce strongly elevated suicide rates (β=0.0724, IDR=1.0751, 95% CI=1.0664–.0858). Counties with a high percentage of men 65 years or older had significantly high suicide rates. An increase in the White population between 1980 and 1990 was also associated with a significant increase in suicide. Increases in psychiatrists reduced suicide rates, but the association was small. Psychiatrist availability may also partially reduce the effects of social disintegration at the county level. Primary care was not associated with suicide once other variables, including hospital beds were taken into account. Results provide evidence to suggest that greater mental health promotion might reduce area inequalities in suicide rates. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.