bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Investigation of Strontium–Metallothionein Interactions – Analysis of Serum and Urine of Patients with Osteoporosis
Authors: Fabrik Ivo , Kukacka Jiri , Baloun Jiri , Sotornik Ivo , Adam Vojtech , Prusa Richard , Vajtr David , Babula Petr , Kizek Rene 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to study interaction between strontium and metallothionein (MT), and to determine changes in strontium and thiols (MT, reduced glutathione, cysteine, and homocysteine) level in plasma, serum, and urine samples of patients treated with strontium ranelate (SrR). To investigate the interactions between MT and strontium(II) ions, adsorptive transfer stripping technique coupled with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) the Brdicka reaction was employed. Besides standard Brdicka signals (Co, RS2Co, Cat1, Cat2, Cat3), we observed new signal related to Sr‐MT interaction. Further we investigated the effect of various time of interaction, concentration of strontium(II) ions and temperature of supporting electrolyte on Brdicka signals. Optimal time of interaction was 240 s. Under temperature of supporting electrolyte 20 °C, we measured linear dependence of Cat3 signal height on strontium(II) ions concentration. After that we have investigated the possibility of strontium‐MT interactions, we were interested in strontium, MT and low molecular mass thiols levels in serum and urine of patients treated with strontium(II) ions to cure osteoporosis. Strontium concentration determined by atomic absorption spectrometry was 55±5 μg/L before and 10,500±1,400 μg/L at the 30thday of SrR administration. Levels of metallothionein in serum ranged from 0.1 to 6.4 μM. Correlation between serum strontium concentration and MT level was determined and correlation coefficient wasR=0.93.
MTBITC mediates cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction in human HepG2 cells despite its rapid degradation kinetics in the in vitro model
Authors: Lamy Evelyn , Mersch‐Sundermann Volker 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDespite the great variety of structure homologous, experimental research on the cancer preventive properties of isothiocyanates (ITCs) is limited to only a fractional amount thereof so far. Especially the degradation of these compounds in the experimental system has not been investigated so far. In this study, we investigated the effect of 4‐methylthiobutyl isothiocyante (MTBITC) on the proliferation of human hepatoma (HepG2) cells and underlying mechanisms. A concentration and time‐dependent reduction in proliferation activity could be observed in cells treated with MTBITC exceeding 10 μM. At these concentrations MTBITC‐induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells could be observed by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, flow cytometry analysis, and the detection of single‐stranded apoptotic DNA. In all the three assays, clear apoptotic events were present after 6‐hr exposure to MTBITC. Apoptosis induction was accompanied by a time‐dependent arrest of HepG2 cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. This study shows for the first time the inhibitory potency of MTBITC on metabolically competent hepatoma cells, whereas the loss of reduced glutathione and its impact on mitochondria seem to be the major processes involved in the initiation and execution of the apoptotic cell death. The results of this study also showed that irrespective of the intense degradation kinetics of MTBITC, the strong cytostatic effect of the ITC was not markedly affected by it and suggests that although ITCs are only present at maximum concentrations in a living system for a rather short time, this might be sufficient to exert their therapeutic effects. Environ. Mal. Mutagen. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thiiranation of 2′‐adamantylidene‐9‐benzonorbornenylidene using 4,4′‐oligothiodimorpholine and brønsted acid
Authors: Sugihara Yoshiaki , Nozumi Hiroko , Nakayama Juzo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOn leaving 4,4′‐dithiodimorpholine 6 powder undisturbed at room temperature over 10 years, it led to the formation of 4,4′‐tetrathiodimorpholine 7. Reactions of 2′‐adamantylidene‐9‐benzonorbornenyidene 1 with 6, 7, and 4,4′‐thiodimorpholine 8 and a Brønsted acid in CH2Cl2 at room temperature proceeded to afford the corresponding thiiranes, 2 and 3. The order of reactivity of 4,4′‐oligothiodimorpholines combined with a Brønsted acid is 7 > 6 > 8. The thiirane 3 was transformed to 1 and 2 under the reaction conditions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:12–18, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20505
Syntheses and crystal structures of triorganotin (IV) derivatives with 2,2′‐bipyridine‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid
Authors: Zhang Ru‐Fen , Li Qian‐Li , Ma Chun‐Lin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFour organotin complexes with 2,2′‐bipyridine‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid, H2dcbp: (Ph3n)2(dcbp) 1, [(PhCH2)3n]2(dcbp) ⋅ 2CH3OH 2, [(Me3Sn)2(dcbp)]n 3, [(Bu3Sn)2(dcbp)]n 4 have been synthesized. The complexes 1–4 were characterized by elemental, IR, 1H, 13C, 119n NMR, and X‐ray crystallographic analyses. Crystal structures show that complex 1 is a monomer with one ligand coordinated to two triorganotin moieties, and a 1D infinite polymeric chain generates via intermolecular CH⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bond; complex 2 is also a monomer and forms a 2D network by intermolecular O–H⋅⋅⋅O weak interaction; both of complexes 3 and 4 form 2D network structures where 2,2′‐bipyridine‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate acts as a tetradentate ligand coordinated to trimethyltin and tri‐n‐butyltin ions, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:19–28, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20506
Reactions of 9,9′‐bibenzonorbornenylidene sulfoxides with TMSOTf: Anomalous pinacol‐type rearrangement of thiirane 1‐Oxides
Authors: Sugihara Yoshiaki , Yamanaka Shuich , Nakayama Juzo 
Published: January 2009

Abstractsyn‐9,9′‐Bibenzonorbornenylidene sulfoxide 8b underwent pinacol‐type rearrangement to form 9, together with a mixture of thiiranes 4a and 4b by reaction with TMSOTf in CH2Cl2 at room temperature. The rearrangement of anti‐sulfoxide 8a proceeded more slowly giving a mixture of 9, 4a, and 4b. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:29–34, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20507
Preparation and crystal structures of two salts with the 5‐nitrotetrazolate anion
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Sabaté Carles Miró , Welch Jan M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTetraphenylphosphonium 5‐nitrotetrazolate (2) was prepared by metathesis of sodium 5‐nitrotetrazolate dihydrate (1; NaNT) with tetraphenylphosphonium chloride in acetone. The new compound was fully characterized by vibrational (IR, Raman) and NMR (1H, 13C, and 14N) spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. Attempted synthesis of 2‐methyl‐5‐nitrotetrazole (2‐MeNT) by methylation of 1 with dimethylsulfate at reflux from acetonitrile failed, and crystals of an explosive compound with the formula (NaNT)2(H2O)2CH3CN (3), NT = 5‐nitrotetrazolate, formed. X‐ray diffraction techniques were used to determine the crystal structure of 2 and 3. Compound 2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with four molecules in the unit cell and unit cell parameters a = 7.7413(4) Å, b = 13.624(1) Å, c = 21.252(1) Å, and V = 2241.5(2) Å3, whereas 3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Ama2 with four formula unit in the unit cell and unit cell parameters a = 14.805(6) Å, b = 9.908(4) Å, c = 8.940(3) Å, and V = 1311.4(1) Å3. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:35–44, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20509
Hexacoordinated spirocyclic germanium(IV) complex: Synthesis and structural characterization
Authors: González‐Montiel Simplicio , Cea‐Olivares Raymundo , Jancik Vojtech , Pineda Leslie W. , Toscano Rubén A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe spiro‐dibenzogermocine [O(o‐C6H4S)2]2Ge (1) was prepared in a reaction between O(o‐C6H4SH)2 and Ge(OiPr)4, and its molecular structure was determined by X‐ray diffraction studies. In the solid state, 1 shows the existence of two weak O → Ge transannular interactions, resulting in a hexacoordinated germanium atom that displays the geometry of a distorted bicapped tetrahedron. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:45–49, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20510
Career and international assignment fit: Toward an integrative model of success
Authors: Cerdin Jean‐Luc , Pargneux Marie Le 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article examines how the fit between career and international assignment is likely to affect the success of the international assignment (IA) at its various stages. We propose an integrative model of IA success that encompasses three stages: pre‐expatriation, expatriation, and repatriation. The main objective of this article is to contribute to the understanding of how individuals' career characteristics infl uence IA success during expatriation and repatriation. In our model, IA success is considered from both the individual and organizational perspective. In addition to drawing on the theory of fit to examine IA success during the expatriation and repatriation stages, we also use human capital and signal theory to examine the relationship between expatriation success and repatriation success. The propositions of our conceptual research provide practical and theoretical implications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of expatriate and repatriate experiences on career advancement and repatriate retention
Authors: Kraimer Maria L. , Shaffer Margaret A. , Bolino Mark C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe address repatriate retention from a career advancement perspective by developing a model that analyzes the effect of expatriate experiences and organizational career support on repatriates' career advancement upon return to the home country. Career advancement, in turn, is expected to affect the repatriate's perceived underemployment and turnover intentions. We collected data from a sample of 84 recently repatriated employees. Results revealed a curvilinear relationship between the number of international assignments and career advancement upon repatriation. Results also showed that developmental expatriate assignments were positively related to career advancement while the acquisition of managerial skills was negatively related to career advancement. Acquiring cultural skills, completing assignment objectives, and organizational career support did not relate to career advancement. In terms of outcomes, we found that perceived underemployment mediated the relationship between career advancement and turnover intentions. A lower level of organizational career support also resulted in greater turnover intentions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Problem‐focused versus emotion‐focused coping strategies and repatriation adjustment
Authors: Herman Jeffrey L. , Tetrick Lois E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFailure to cope with a stressful repatriation transition can derail the global career experience. Repatriate stress‐coping behaviors have not been examined empirically, however. This study explores the factor structure of an extensive array of coping strategies and their relation with repatriate adjustment. Data collected from 282 repatriates involved in a boundaryless repatriation experience reveal a factor structure consistent with problem‐ and emotion‐focused dimensions documented elsewhere. Regression analysis finds negative associations between emotion‐focused coping strategies and repatriate general, interaction, and work adjustment and positive relations between problem‐focused strategies and repatriate interaction and work adjustment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expatriation outside the boundaries of the multinational corporation: A study with expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bozionelos Nikos 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTo date, research has largely neglected individuals who become expatriates on their own initiative and outside the boundaries of multinational corporations. This study, which focused on 206 non‐Saudi expatriate nurses employed in a Saudi Arabian hospital, investigated the relationship of job satisfaction and turnover intentions with four factors: cross‐cultural training, protégé experience, peer support, and the cultural clusters of the home and host countries. The study also examined the role of gender in the relationship of work attitudes with protégé experience and peer support. Protégé experience had the most consistent relationship with job satisfaction and turnover intentions, while attendance of cross‐cultural training before expatriation was not involved in any of the identified relationships. In most conditions, protégé experience and peer support were associated with higher job satisfaction for expatriates of Arab origin. Finally, gender did not play a moderating role in the relationship of work attitudes with mentoring or peer support. These results shed light on the factors that help determine the success of non‐corporate‐sponsored expatriates and have implications for practice and future research. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The international assignments of peacekeepers: What drives them to seek future expatriation?
Authors: Emmerik IJ. Hetty Van , Euwema Martin C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFrom a social learning perspective, factors predicting seeking future international assignments and that are more or less under control of the human resource management department through training were examined. We tested our hypotheses on data from 745 Dutch peacekeepers. It appears that preparation, adventurism, and cultural empathy are important factors in willingness to expatriate again. Peacekeepers scoring high on self‐effi cacy are more willing to accept future international assignments than peacekeepers scoring low on self‐effi cacy. Further, the relationship between adventurism and seeking future international assignments is stronger for peacekeepers scoring high on self‐effi cacy than for peacekeepers scoring low on self‐effi cacy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protein profile study of breast‐tissue homogenates by HPLC‐LIF
Authors: Kumar K. Kalyan , Chowdary M. V. P. , Mathew Stanley , Rao Lakshmi , Krishna C. Murali , Kurien Jacob 
Published: January 2009

AbstractProteomics is a promising approach for molecular understanding of neoplastic processes including response to treatment. Widely used 2D‐gel electrophoresis/Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) are time consuming and not cost effective. We have developed a high‐sensitivity (femto/subfemtomoles of protein/20 μl) High Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Laser Induced Fluorescence HPLC‐LIF instrument for studying protein profiles of biological samples. In this study, we have explored the feasibility of classifying breast tissues by multivariate analysis of chromatographic data. We have analyzed 13 normal, 17 malignant, 5 benign and 4 post‐treatment breast‐tissue homogenates. Data was analyzed by Principal Component Analysis PCA in both unsupervised and supervised modes on derivative and baseline‐corrected chromatograms. Our findings suggest that PCA of derivative chromatograms gives better classification. Thus, the HPLC‐LIF instrument is not only suitable for generation of chromatographic data using femto/subfemto moles of proteins but the data can also be used for objective diagnosis via multivariate analysis. Prospectively, identified fractions can be collected and analyzed by biochemical and/or MS methods. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Efficient and safe disposal of chrome shavings discharged from leather industry using thermal combustion
Authors: Swarnalatha Somasundaram , Ganesh Kumar Arumugam , Tandaiah Srinivasulu , Sekaran Ganesan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The high concentration of trivalent chromium along with organic/inorganic compounds in shavings (ChS) discharged from leather industries causes severe groundwater contamination in land disposal and chronic air pollution during thermal incineration. In the present investigation, ChS were subjected to incineration at 800 °C in a thermal incinerator under different volumes of oxygen to optimize the flow rate of oxygen to prevent the conversion of Cr3+ to Cr6+ (starved air combustion) followed by solidification and stabilization of calcined shavings.RESULTS: Net energy changes resulting from the combustion of shavings showed that the energy of the organic fractions is utilized to the maximum extent at an O2 flow rate of 3.0 g min−1. The ChS were effectively solidified/stabilized using Portland cement and fine aggregate. The unconfined compressive strength of the blocks was in the region of 160 kg cm−2. Leachability studies using a toxicity characterization of leachate procedure test (TCLP) on a solidified block were carried out to determine the percentage metal fixation and dissolved organic (as chemical oxygen demand) concentration in the leachate.CONCLUSION: The stabilization of chromium(III) in the cement gel matrix was confirmed using different instrumental techniques. The leaching characteristics through TCLP confirmed the effective stabilization of chromium; i.e., the metal fixing capacity was 99.95%. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Aerobic granules for low‐strength wastewater treatment: formation, structure, and microbial community
Authors: Wang Shu‐Guang , Gai Li‐Hong , Zhao Li‐Jian , Fan Mao‐Hong , Gong Wen‐Xin , Gao Bao‐Yu , Ma Yue 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: To validate the possibility of aerobic granulation at a lower organic loading rate (OLR) than 2 kg COD m−3 day−1 (GS 1) in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), the formation, structure, and microbial community of granular sludge (GS) were investigated.RESULTS: The overall experimental process involved the following stages: acclimation, granulation, maturation, and stabilization. The optical microscopic showed the structural changes from fluffy activated sludge (AS) to GS and scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination revealed that GS 1 was irregular filamentous aggregates composed mainly of various filamentous species, while the aerobic granules cultivated at OLR 1.68–4.20 kg COD m−3 day−1 (GS 2) was mycelial pellets consisting of fungi and filamentous microorganisms. A Biolog Ecoplate analysis indicated that significant differences existed between the microbial community structure and the substrate's utilization of AS and different GS samples.CONCLUSION: GS 1 was achieved and different from GS 2 in the formation, structure, and microbial community. Aerobic granulation with low strength wastewater is of importance for the full‐scale application of this technology. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Epitope mapping of a chimeric CD137 mAb: a necessary step for assessing the biologic relevance of non‐human primate models
Authors: Chan Siaw‐Lin , Voskens Caroline J. , Lin Wei , Schindler Daniel G. , Azimzadeh Agnes , Wang Lai‐Xi , Taylor Rodney J. , Strome Scott E. , Schulze Dan H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAntibody based manipulation of the CD137 (4‐1BB) co‐signaling pathway is an attractive option for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune disease. We developed a chimeric anti‐human CD137 monoclonal antibody (GG) and characterized its function. As a component of planned preclinical studies, we evaluated the binding of GG to activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from cynomolgus macaque and baboon against human. Interestingly, GG only recognized human CD137, while a commercial anti‐CD137 mAb (4B4‐1), recognized activated PBMCs from both human and non‐human primates (NHP). Subsequent analysis revealed that the amino acid sequence of CD137 is largely conserved between primate species (∼95% identical), with the extracellular domain differing by only 9–10 amino acids. Based on these data, we generated mutant constructs in the extracellular domain, replacing NHP with human CD137 sequences, and identified 3 amino acids critical for GG binding. These residues are likely part of a conformational epitope, as a peptide spanning this region is unable to block mAb binding. These data demonstrate that subtle sequence variations of defined co‐stimulatory molecules amongst primate species can be employed as a strategy for mapping residues necessary for antibody binding to conformational epitopes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening HIV‐1 antigenic peptides as receptors for antibodies and CD4 in allosteric nanosensors
Authors: Ferraz Rosa María , Rodríguez‐Carmona Escarlata , Ferrer‐Miralles Neus , Meyerhans Andreas , Villaverde Antonio 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe have analyzed the suitability of six antigenic peptides from several HIV‐1 structural proteins (namely gp41, gp120, p17, and p24), as anti‐HIV‐1 antibody receptors in an allosteric enzymatic biosensor. These peptides were inserted in a solvent‐exposed surface of Escherichia coli (E. coli) beta‐galactosidase by means of conventional recombinant DNA technology. The resulting enzymes were tested to allosterically respond to sera from HIV‐1‐infected individuals. Only stretches from gp41 and gp120 envelope proteins were able to transduce the molecular contact signal in the presence of immunoreactive sera. Intriguingly, the enzyme displaying the CD4 binding site segment KQFINMWQEVGKAMYAPP was activated by soluble CD4, suggesting that it produces conformational modifications on the allosteric enzyme as those occurring during antibody‐promoted induced fit. This fact is discussed in the context of the design of smart protein drugs and markers targeted to CD4+ cells. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioclimatic mapping using geostatistical approaches: application to mainland Portugal
Authors: Mesquita S. , Sousa A. J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSpatial interpolation of all the variables necessary for the bioclimatic classification of mainland Portugal, according to the system known as ‘Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System’ (WBCS), was carried out. Such classification aims to establish a consistent relationship between worldwide vegetation types and easy‐to‐calculate bioclimatic indexes. Despite being relatively small, the Portuguese territory exhibits considerable climatic contrasts, ranging from mediterranean summer‐dry areas in the south, to hyper‐humid temperate mountains in the northwest. The territory has a somewhat sparse network of meteorological stations.In the scope of the WBCS, Compensated Thermicity Index, Annual Ombrothermic Index, Ombrothermic Index of the Summer Bimonth and of the Summer Trimester, Summer Compensated Ombrothermic Index and Positive Temperature were estimated throughout the study area using several interpolation techniques: multiple linear regression (MLR), ordinary kriging, kriging with external drift using three different drift models, and MLR followed by ordinary kriging of the residuals. The best geostatistical estimator for each variable was chosen taking into account both cross‐validation and visual inspection of the produced maps. The best estimates for the studied indexes were produced using multivariate geostatistical techniques: kriging with external drift (using multiple regression) and multiple regression followed by ordinary kriging of the residuals. Comparison among different geostatistical approaches for all interpolated indexes shows that in low‐sampling density areas, choosing the right set of predictor data is as important as choosing the right interpolation technique. Moreover, natural vegetation types were considered a reliable bioclimatic indicator—as an external criterion—for the evaluation of these maps, and confirmed these results.Finally, a bioclimatic diagnosis of the entire studied territory was accordingly derived by map algebra, from interpolations, resulting in two bioclimatic maps: those of ombrotypes and thermotypes. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society