bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocompatibility properties of a new braided biodegradable urethral stent: a comparison with a biodegradable spiral and a braided metallic stent in the rabbit urethra
Authors: ISOTALO TAINA M. , NUUTINE JUHA‐PEKKA , VAAJANEN ANU , MARTIKAINEN PAULA M. , LAURILA MARITA , TÖRMÄLÄ PERTTI , TALJA MARTTI , TAMMELA TEUVO L. 
Published: March 2006

OBJECTIVETo compare the biocompatibility properties of a new braided biodegradable self‐reinforced poly‐l‐lactic acid (SR‐PLLA) urethral stent to the former spiral biodegradable SR‐PLLA stent and the stainless steel stent in a rabbit model.MATERIALS AND METHODSIn all, 54 male New Zealand White rabbits were anaesthetized and stents inserted into the prostatic urethra, three of each kind for each sample time. The rabbits were killed after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 or 15 months and light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy used to analyse the effects.RESULTSThe disintegration of the braided SR‐PLLA stent was more closely controlled than that of the spiral SR‐PLLA stent. The metallic stent induced epithelial hyperplasia and polyposis earlier than the biodegradable stents, and in these rabbits the polyposis disappeared after the disintegration process. There were no differences in the histological analyses between the biodegradable stents, whereas the metallic stents caused the strongest inflammatory reactions.CONCLUSIONSThe braided SR‐PLLA urethral stent functioned well in the rabbit urethra and clinical studies are already planned.
Effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on the micturition reflex in rats: correlation with inhibition of cyclooxygenase isozymes
Authors: ANGELICO PATRIZIA , GUARNERI LUCIANO , VELASCO CRISTINA , COVA RITA , LEONARDI AMEDEO , CLARKE DAVID E. , TESTA RODOLFO 
Published: March 2006

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of cyclooxygenase (COX) isozymes (COX‐1 and ‐2) in the regulation of bladder volume capacity (BVC) in several rat urodynamic models, using a selection of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), some selective for COX‐2, correlating the potency of the tested compounds in the urodynamic models and their in vitro potency as inhibitors of COX isozymes, to verify the relative importance of the different isozymes.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe effects of an i.v. administration of several nonselective and selective COX‐2 inhibitors (indomethacin, meloxicam, naproxen, aspirin, paracetamol, flurbiprofen, nimesulide, NS‐398, celecoxib, rofecoxib and L 745337) on bladder filling and voiding were evaluated in conscious and anaesthetized rats by cystometry. The cystometry was done in conscious rats 1 day after catheter implantation, by filling the bladder with dilute acetic acid (0.2%) or saline, and again with saline 5 days after catheterization. Effects on isovolumic bladder contractions in anaesthetized rats were also evaluated.RESULTSAll the NSAIDs tested dose‐dependently increased BVC; their potency at increasing BVC during infusion of the bladder with acetic acid was similar to that evaluated with saline on cystometry 1 day after catheterization. When a nonselective (naproxen) and a selective (nimesulide) COX‐2 inhibitor were tested in rats with bladders infused with saline 5 days after catheterization, their effects on BVC were significantly lower than those evaluated at 1 day. All tested compounds dose‐dependently inhibited isovolumic bladder contractions in anaesthetized rats. There was a good correlation between the potency in inhibiting the isovolumic bladder contractions in anaesthetized rats and in increasing BVC during cystometry in conscious rats with the bladder infused with acetic acid. The potency of the compounds in the cystometry model with bladders infused with acetic and in the isovolumic bladder voiding contractions correlated well with COX‐2 inhibition, but not COX‐1.CONCLUSIONSBoth nonselective and COX‐2 selective inhibitors are more active in inhibiting the micturition reflex in rats with bladder overactivity caused by bladder irritation than in normal rats. The potency of the anti‐inflammatory compounds in inhibiting bladder overactivity induced by chemical or surgical irritation, and their activity in a cystometrographic model practically independent of bladder irritation (isovolumic bladder contractions in anaesthetized rats), was related to the potency as inhibitors of COX‐2 isozyme. This suggests that the involvement of prostaglandins in the micturition reflex in rats is mainly mediated by this isozyme.
Bladder wall replacement by tissue engineering and autologous keratinocytes in minipigs
Authors: BREHMER BERNHARD , ROHRMANN DOROTHEA , RAU GÜNTER , JAKSE GERHARD 
Published: March 2006

OBJECTIVETo develop a tissue‐engineered bladder wall replacement with autologous cells and a biodegradable scaffold, as whenever there is a lack of native urological tissue the bladder is reconstructed with different bowel segments, which has inevitable complications.MATERIAL AND METHODSSkin biopsies were taken from six minipigs, and primary fibroblast and keratinocyte cell cultures established. A partial resection of the urinary bladder was reconstructed by a cell‐seeded scaffold covered with completely differentiated epithelium and supported by a mucosa‐free pedicled ileum graft. Each pig was assessed urodynamically and by cystography before operation and every month until explantation; the pigs were killed at 1, 2 and 3 months after augmentation. Control groups (of six pigs each) with bladder augmentation with complete or denuded ileum were used. The bladders were assessed histologically and by distensibility measurementsRESULTSThe differentiated keratinocyte epithelium was still present on the reconstructed bladder wall after 3 months. The overall shrinkage rate was 6.5%. The engineered bladder wall had lower distensibility than the native one. The inflammatory reaction present initially had disappeared after 3 months.CONCLUSIONSThe implanted, tissue‐engineered substitution of the bladder wall is not only a bridging graft, but also a complete reconstruction. With this model, extended bladder wall substitution seems feasible and should be investigated in further studies.
Endoglin (CD105) expression in human renal cell carcinoma
Authors: SANDLUND JOHANNA , HEDBERG YLVA , BERGH ANDERS , GRANKVIST KJELL , LJUNGBERG BÖRJE , RASMUSON TORGNY 
Published: March 2006

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the prognostic potential of endoglin (CD105) expression in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC), as endoglin is a cell membrane glycoprotein expressed in tumour‐associated vascular endothelium and a marker of angiogenesis; intratumoral microvessel density assessed by endoglin staining has prognostic significance in some neoplasms.PATIENTS AND METHODSTumour samples from 210 patients with RCC (168 conventional), diagnosed between 1982 and 1997, were assessed using the tissue microarray technique with immunohistochemical staining for endoglin. The expression of endoglin was related to clinical variables and survival.RESULTSOf the tumours, 75% expressed endoglin, and in conventional RCC the expression was inversely correlated to the Tumour‐Node‐Metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.008) and nuclear grade (P = 0.01). There was no correlation between endoglin expression and gender, age, tumour size or cell type. Patients with conventional RCC and high endoglin expression had a more favourable prognosis than those with tumours with lower expression (P = 0.04). A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors showed that TNM stage and nuclear grade were independent predictors of prognosis. Endoglin expression did not add further prognostic information.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that endoglin expression is inversely related to stage and grade in RCC, and that it is associated with prognosis.
Treating renal cell cancer in the elderly
Authors: BERDJIS NAVID , HAKENBERG OLIVER W. , NOVOTNY VLADIMIR , FROEHNER MICHAEL , WIRTH MANFRED P. 
Published: March 2006

OBJECTIVETo determine whether age and comorbidity are predictors of peri‐operative complications and/or mortality in surgery for renal cell cancer in a retrospective study of patients aged >75 years.PATIENTS AND METHODSBetween 1993 and 2003, 1023 radical nephrectomies or nephron‐sparing surgery for renal cell cancer were performed in 115 consecutive patients aged ≥ 75 years and in 908 consecutive patients aged <75 years. The preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score was used for risk stratification. Operative mortality and early complications (within 30 days of surgery) were reviewed.RESULTSThe younger patients had significantly lower ASA scores than the older patients. There were early complications in 31 of the 908 younger patients (3.4%) and in two of the 115 older patients (1.7%). Peri‐operative mortality was higher in the older than in the younger patients (1.7% vs 0.3%; P = 0.29). Overall morbidity and mortality correlated with increasing ASA score but not with age (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSDespite greater comorbidity in older patients, their morbidity and mortality did not differ significantly from that of younger patients. Advanced age alone should thus not be used as a criterion to deny surgery for renal cell carcinoma. However, older patients should be counselled regarding a tendency for increased comorbidity‐related peri‐operative mortality.
Relationship between serum prostate‐specific antigen and prostate volume in Korean men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a multicentre study
Authors: CHUNG BYUNG HA , HONG SUNG JOON , CHO JIN SEON , SEONG DO HWAN ,   Severance Urologic Oncologic Group
Published: March 2006

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the relationship between prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate volume (PV) in Korean men, as PV is a key predictor of both disease progression and response to medical therapy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and PSA has been suggested as a proxy marker to estimate the total PV, mainly in Caucasians.PATIENTS AND METHODSFrom 1999 to 2004, men aged 50–79 years with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and BPH were enrolled into this multicentre study. The analyses included 5716 patients presenting to 11 medical centres with LUTS (International Prostate Symptom Score >8, peak urinary flow rate <15 mL/s); they had a mean age of 64.3 years, mean baseline PV of 36.9 mL, and mean baseline PSA level of 2.2 ng/mL. Men with a baseline PSA of >10 ng/mL were excluded, to reduce the likelihood of including occult prostate cancer. A biopsy was taken in those with suspicious findings on a digital rectal examination or serum PSA level of >4 ng/mL, to exclude prostate cancer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the ability of serum PSA to predict threshold PV in men with BPHRESULTSThe PV and serum PSA level had an age‐dependent log‐linear relationship, the strength of which increased with age. The ROC curve analysis showed that PSA had good predictive value for various prostate volume thresholds (30, 40 and 50 mL).CONCLUSIONSThe PSA‐PV relationship in Korean men is similar to that in Caucasians, but Korean men have a slightly lower PSA level and a smaller PV than Caucasians. The approximate age‐specific criteria for detecting Korean men with a PV of >40 mL were a PSA level of >1.3 ng/mL, >1.7 ng/mL and >2.0 ng/mL for men with BPH in their sixth, seventh and eighth decade, respectively.
Inguinal metastases from testicular cancer
Authors: DAUGAARD GEDSKE , KARAS VLADIMIR , SOMMER PETER 
Published: March 2006

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the incidence of inguinal metastases in patients with testicular cancer and relapse after initial stage I disease.PATIENTS AND METHODSOf 695 patients, 14 (2%) with stage I testicular cancer developed inguinal metastases during the follow‐up on a surveillance programme. At orchidectomy, one patient had involvement of the tunica albuginea and one a history of cryptorchidism and development of testicular cancer on the contralateral side. The remaining patients had no history of previous surgery in the inguinal region or in the scrotal area, or any other known risk factors for developing inguinal‐node metastases. Two patients had a seminoma (0.5%) and 12 (4%) a nonseminoma. The histopathological examination showed that the metastases were in lymph nodes in four patients, the remainder having a more diffuse involvement of the tissue in the inguinal region. At relapse, patients were treated by three or four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin, except those with low‐stage seminomas (stage IIa and IIb), who were treated by radiation therapy.RESULTSAll patients had a complete remission after treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. No patients died or developed a recurrence during the median follow‐up of 72 months.CONCLUSIONMetastases to the inguinal region are found in ≈ 2% of patients with testicular cancer; about a quarter have lymph‐node metastases, the rest probably having metastases to the spermatic cord with direct invasion into the surrounding tissue. High ligation of the spermatic cord is therefore important. Chemotherapy for patients with nonseminoma and radiotherapy for patients with seminoma gives excellent results.
The use of endoluminal ultrasonography for preventing significant bleeding during endopyelotomy: evaluation of helical computed tomography vs endoluminal ultrasonography for detecting crossing vessels
Authors: HENDRIKX AD J.M. , NADORP SVEN , DE BEER NICOLE A.M. , VAN BEEKUM JOOST B. , GRAVAS STAVROS 
Published: March 2006

OBJECTIVETo evaluate, in a prospective study, the efficiency of helical computed tomography (CT) and endoluminal ultrasonography (ELUS) for detecting significant crossing vessels, a major cause of bleeding complications when treating patients with pelvi‐ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction, and to compare our results using ELUS with those of an earlier multicentre study (not using ELUS), to see whether the complication rate decreased.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe study included 27 patients with a PUJ who had isotope renography, intravenous urography, helical CT and ELUS before surgery. Depending on the findings of ELUS, patients were treated with a pure lateral AcuciseTM incision (Applied Medical, Irvine, CA, USA) an Acucise with changed cutting direction, or (later) a laparoscopic pyeloplasty.RESULTSELUS detected 15% more crossing vessels than helical CT; 16 patients had Acucise (seven lateral, nine other cutting direction), eight were treated with a laparoscopic pyeloplasty and three with other procedures. By contrast with earlier reports and as a consequence of using ELUS, there was no bleeding, vs 16% in the study not using ELUS. The success rate of 73% of the endourological approach is comparable with previous reports.CONCLUSIONELUS is more sensitive in detecting relevant crossing vessels than helical CT and therefore the use of ELUS can better prevent bleeding complications. ELUS can also improve the success rate by helping in selecting the correct treatment. Because it is minimally invasive and safe, ELUS combined with Acucise (or other possible endourological techniques, like holmium laser incision) should be the first choice of treatment for PUJ stenosis.
Comparison of two α1‐adrenoceptor antagonists, naftopidil and tamsulosin hydrochloride, in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized crossover study
Authors: NISHINO YOSHINORI , MASUE TAKAKO , MIWA KOUSEI , TAKAHASHI YOSHITO , ISHIHARA SATOSHI , DEGUCHI TAKASHI 
Published: March 2006

OBJECTIVESTo compare the efficacy of two α1‐adrenoceptor antagonists, α1A‐adrenoceptor‐selective tamsulosin hydrochloride and α1D‐adrenoceptor‐selective naftopidil, in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).PATIENTS AND METHODSThirty‐four patients (mean age 72.4 years, sd 4.3, range 66–79) with LUTS (International Prostate Symptom Score, IPSS >8) secondary to BPH were enrolled in a randomized crossover study. Seventeen patients were initially prescribed naftopidil 50 mg for 4 weeks, followed by tamsulosin 0.2 mg for 4 weeks (group A); another 17 were initially prescribed tamsulosin 0.2 mg, followed by naftopidil 50 mg (group B). Patients changed to the alternative treatment after a 1‐week washout period. Efficacy criteria were improvement in LUTS (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), uroflowmetry, and pressure‐flow study (PFS) values based on the treatment with each agent.RESULTSAt baseline there were no significant differences between the groups in IPSS, QoL, uroflowmetry values or PFS values, except for the volume at maximum desire to void. After treatment with each agent, the IPSS and QoL were significantly improved and the reduction in bladder outlet obstruction confirmed by PFS. Naftopidil was significantly more effective than tamsulosin in relieving nocturia. The increases from baseline (before treatment) to the endpoint (after treatment with each agent) in the volume at first desire and maximum desire to void were significantly higher with naftopidil than with tamsulosin. Involuntary contractions disappeared in two patients with relief of nocturia with naftopidil, but not with tamsulosin. The decrease in other symptoms of the IPSS, QoL, increase in uroflowmetry values and changes in other PFS values were similar for both agents.CONCLUSIONSThe two agents provided similar efficacy in the treatment of LUTS with BPH. However, naftopidil was better than tamsulosin for nocturia. The disappearance of involuntary contraction and the greater increase in first‐desire volume with naftopidil may be associated with the relief of nocturia. The α1D‐adrenoceptor antagonist is effective in alleviating both voiding and storage symptoms. The α1D‐adrenoceptor antagonist may be more effective than the α1A‐adrenoceptor antagonist in LUTS with BPH.
Antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy for treating primary varicocele in children
Authors: ZAUPA PAOLA , MAYR JOHANNES , HÖLLWARTH MICHAEL E. 
Published: March 2006

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of antegrade sclerotherapy (AS) for the treatment of primary varicocele in childhood.PATIENTS AND METHODSFrom December 1996 to December 2004, 88 patients (mean age 13.3 years, range 9–18) with primary varicocele underwent AS (91 varicocele ablations in all). The indications for surgery were testicular pain (16 boys, 18%), a large varicocele with cosmetic implications, testicular hypotrophy (one) and in 71 (81%) the varicocele was detected incidentally during a routine physical examination; all were left‐sided. According to the classification used by Tauber, 46 (52%) varicoceles were grade II and 42 (48%) grade III. The clinical and ultrasonography (US) results were evaluated over a median (range) follow‐up of 11 (3–60) months, and the operative duration, X‐ray exposure time, persistence rate of varicoceles and complications were compared with those using other techniques.RESULTSIn 11 patients there was a palpable difference in size between the testicles, but in only five (6%) was testicular hypotrophy (testicular volume (<75% testicular volume vs the normal side) confirmed by US. The mean (sem) operative duration for AS was 33.2 (2.14) min. In 16 (18%) patients it was necessary to expose a second or third vein because the first vein chosen was unsuitable for sclerotherapy. The mean operative radiation exposure was 2.18 (0.21) s. One patient (1%) was treated with a high ligature of the testicular vein (Palomo procedure) after initial unsuccessful AS, and was excluded from the analysis. Eighty‐four (97%) patients were eligible for follow‐up: six (7%) had a persistent varicocele (four grade II, two grade III), four of whom had repeat sclerotherapy successfully (no recurrence at follow‐up). Fourteen (15%) patients had enlarged testicular veins only on US (varicocele grade 0). No patient developed a hydrocele after AS, There were complications after surgery in three (3%) patients (two superficial wound infections, one scrotal haematoma together with focal testicular necrosis).CONCLUSIONSAS is an efficient minimally invasive surgical method for correcting varicoceles in older children, although the operative duration is sometimes longer than in adults, and surgery can be more difficult because of the smaller veins. Partial testicular necrosis, despite correct AS, is a very rare but serious complication.
Comparative analysis of the frequency of lower urinary tract dysfunction among institutionalised and non‐institutionalised children
Authors: BARROSO UBIRAJARA , DULTRA ANDERSON , DE BESSA JOSÉ , BARROS DANIELA G. , MARON FABIO , BARROSO DANILO V. , MOREIRA EDSON DUARTE 
Published: March 2006

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the level of symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in orphans in institutions, and compare these data with schoolchildren of the same age group who were not institutionalised, as LUTD in children is related to factors such as social isolation and low self‐esteem, with other psychological changes also being cited, although it is unknown whether these problems are primary or secondary to the symptoms of LUTD.PATIENTS AND METHODSChildren institutionalised in orphanages with no parental presence and who are isolated from a family environment are probably more sensitive to psychological disturbances. Psychological changes have been associated with symptoms of urgency and urinary incontinence. Thus 89 orphans were compared with 143 schoolchildren not in institutions. A questionnaire was devised and completed by the care‐taking staff in the orphanage, while for the schoolchildren the parents completed the questionnaire. The mean age in the institutionalised children was 7.9 years and that of the control group 7.8 years (P = 0.32). Thirty‐nine (44%) of the orphans were boys, vs 74 (54%) of the control group (P = 0.17).RESULTSThe incidence of urgency, diurnal urinary incontinence, nocturnal enuresis and constipation in the orphans and in the control group were: 45 (51%) and 57 (40) (P = 0.17), 36 (40%) and 19 (13%) (P < 0.001), 39 (47%) and 38 (27%) (P = 0.002), and 27 (30%) and 43 (30%) (P = 0.76), respectively.CONCLUSIONChildren living in orphanages have a significantly higher level of diurnal urinary incontinence and nocturnal enuresis than those not in an institution.