bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alessandro Striggio's Mass in Forty and Sixty Parts
Authors: MORONEY DAVITT 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
It has been known for twenty-five years that Alessandro Striggio the elder, the most important composer at the Medici court in Florence in the 1560s and 1570s, wrote a setting of the Ordinary of the Mass in forty parts, with an Agnus Dei in sixty parts, but the piece has always been thought lost. This major artwork from the high Florentine Renaissance does in fact survive (F-Pn, Rés. Vmd. ms 52). Entitled Missa sopra Ecco sìì beato giorno, it is Striggio's most imposing composition, and underlines the early eminence of Florence in the art of massive polychoral writing. The last movement is indeed in sixty real parts. The Mass also appears to have been used by the Medici as a political tool in the art of cultural diplomacy. Offered in January 1567 to Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II at exactly the moment when Cosimo de' Medici was seeking approval from Maximilian of a royal title (granted finally as “Grand Duke” by Pope Pius V in 1569), the Mass was also performed by Lassus's colleagues in Munich and under Striggio's direction at court in France, a few weeks before he visited the court of Queen Elizabeth I in London in June 1567. The links with Striggio's forty-part motet Ecce beatam lucem and with Thomas Tallis's Spem in alium, are discussed, as are the reasons why the source of the Mass remained unknown throughout the twentieth century.
Pharmacodiagnostics and Targeted Therapies—A Rational Approach for Individualizing Medical Anticancer Therapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Jørgensen Jan Trøst , Nielsen Kirsten Vang , Ejlertsen Bent 
Published: April 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Assess the predictive biomarkers currently used in breast cancer, including, for example, ER, HER-2, and TOP2A.Discuss the predictive capability of biomarkers in relation to the mechanisms of action of the corresponding treatment.Discuss the link between the targeted therapies currently used in breast cancer and the predictive biomarkers.Evaluate the role of TOP2A testing in relation to treatment with anthracyclines.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Target Practice: Lessons from Phase III Trials with Bevacizumab and Vatalanib in the Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Los Maartje , Roodhart Jeanine M. L. , Voest Emile E. 
Published: April 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the safety of using bevacizumab in clinical practice.Explain the benefit of adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.Discuss mechanisms of targeting the VEGF/VEGFR pathway.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Design of Clinical Trials of Radiation Combined with Antiangiogenic Therapy
Authors: Senan Suresh , Smit Egbert F. 
Published: April 2007

Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the impact of tumor angiogenesis and hypoxia on the outcome of radiation therapy.List the classes of antiangiogenic agents that are in clinical development.Identify mechanisms by which antiangiogenic therapy can enhance radiation efficacy.CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Evaluating the Total Costs of Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia: Results from a Pilot Study with Community Oncology Cancer Patients
Authors: Bennett Charles L. , Calhoun Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the definitions of direct and indirect costs of medical care.Describe the feasibility of obtaining information on direct and indirect medical costs associated with febrile neutropenia.Identify clinical and nonclinical factors that are associated with larger estimates of direct and indirect medical costs for febrile neutropenia.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Inhibition of “De Novo” Plaque Formation With 0.12% Chlorhexidine Spray Compared to 0.2% Spray and 0.2% Chlorhexidine Mouthwash
Authors: Stoeken J.E. , Versteeg P.A. , Rosema N.A.M. , Timmerman M.F. , van der Velden U. , van der Weijden G.A. 
Published: April 2007

Background: Chlorhexidine (CHX) is widely accepted as the most effective product in the control of supragingival plaque. It is available in different delivery devices. The aim of this study was to test whether 0.12% CHX spray was as effective as 0.2% CHX spray and 0.2% CHX mouthwash in a 3‐day “de novo” plaque formation model.Methods: Ninety volunteers were enrolled into a single‐blind, randomized, three‐group parallel study. They received a thorough dental prophylaxis prior to the test period. Subjects were divided randomly into three equal groups. They were requested to refrain from all forms of mechanical oral hygiene and instructed to use only their assigned product during the 3‐day experimental period. After 3 days, the plaque growth was assessed using the Quigley and Hein plaque index (Q&H PI) at six sites per tooth.Results: After 3 days, the CHX mouthwash group had a mean Q&H PI of 1.17 compared to 1.41 for the 0.2% CHX spray and 1.49 for the 0.12% CHX spray. The difference between the mouthwash and the two sprays was statistically significant, whereas the two sprays did not differ significantly from each other.Conclusions: Within the limitations of this 3‐day “de novo” plaque formation study, the two sprays were not as effective as the mouthwash in plaque inhibition. No significant difference was found between the two sprays. To achieve the same effectiveness as a mouthwash, a higher dose (number of puffs) of CHX spray may be necessary.
Persistently High Levels of Periodontal Pathogens Associated With Preterm Pregnancy Outcome
Authors: Lin Dongming , Moss Kevin , Beck James D. , Hefti Arthur , Offenbacher Steven 
Published: April 2007

Background: Few studies examining the association between periodontal diseases and preterm birth have explored the underlying microbial and antibody responses associated with oral infection.Methods: A nested case‐control study was performed using data from a recent interventional trial following the delayed‐treatment control group of 31 subjects with periodontal diseases. The levels of eight oral bacteria and the maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in serum to these bacteria were measured at antepartum and postpartum visits to determine the relationship to cases (preterm delivery <37 weeks' gestation) and controls (term delivery).Results: Antepartum, the levels of periodontal pathogens tended to be higher in the preterm (case group) deliveries compared to the term deliveries (control group). Maternal anti–Porphyromonas gingivalis IgG was significantly lower in the preterm group compared to the term group (P = 0.028). Postpartum, levels of P. gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens were statistically significantly higher in preterm births compared to term deliveries, adjusting for baseline levels. The joint effects of red and orange microbial clusters were significantly higher in the preterm group compared to the term group.Conclusions: High levels of periodontal pathogens and low maternal IgG antibody response to periodontal bacteria during pregnancy are associated with an increased risk for preterm delivery. Further studies elucidating the role of the microbial load and maternal immune response as related to pregnancy outcome seem merited.
Comparison of Curet and Paper Point Sampling of Subgingival Bacteria as Analyzed by Real‐Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Jervøe‐Storm Pia‐Merete , AlAhdab Hazem , Koltzscher Max , Fimmers Rolf , Jepsen Søren 
Published: April 2007

Background: The outcome of microbiological diagnostics may depend on the sampling technique. It was the aim of the present study to compare two widely used sampling techniques for subgingival bacteria using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Methods: Twenty patients with chronic periodontitis were randomized into two groups. In group A, samples were taken first with a paper point and then with a curet at the same site (single‐rooted teeth with probing depth >5 mm) before scaling and root planing and after 10 weeks. The sampling sequence was reversed in group B. The analysis enabled the quantification of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythensis and total bacterial counts (TBCs). Statistical analysis included t test, kappa, and Spearman correlation.Results: Higher TBC was harvested with curets than by paper points (P = 0.008). The plaque composition with regard to total target pathogens was similar for both sampling techniques. A strong positive correlation was found between curet and paper point samples for TBC and single target bacteria.Conclusions: Overall, there was a relatively good agreement for the results of paper point and curet sampling. Thus, both techniques seem to be suitable for microbiological diagnostics.
The r40‐kDa Outer Membrane Protein Human Monoclonal Antibody Protects Against Porphyromonas gingivalis–Induced Bone Loss in Rats
Authors: Hamada Nobushiro , Watanabe Kiyoko , Tahara Tomoyuki , Nakazawa Kumiko , Ishida Isao , Shibata Yasuko , Kobayashi Tetsuo , Yoshie Hiromasa , Abiko Yoshimitsu , Umemoto Toshio 
Published: April 2007

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis has been implicated as an important pathogen in the development of adult periodontitis, and its colonization of subgingival sites is critical in the pathogenic process. We recently reported the construction and characterization of human immunoglobulin G isotype clones, which were specifically reactive with recombinant (r) 40‐kDa outer membrane protein (OMP) of P. gingivalis. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of human monoclonal antibody (hMAb) against r40‐kDa OMP of P. gingivalis to the protection alveolar bone loss by P. gingivalis in rats.Methods: The role of 40‐kDa OMP in the adherence of P. gingivalis to human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) was examined by preincubating with r40‐kDa OMP hMAb before adding the HGECs. Moreover, we used a rat model to examine the effect of the anti–r40‐kDa OMP hMAb in alveolar bone loss by oral infection. Forty‐six days after the last infection, the periodontal bone level was assessed morphometrically on defleshed rat jaws.Results: The adherence to HGECs was reduced by 84% compared to adherence levels without the antibody. P. gingivalis could not be detected from rats in a P. gingivalis–non‐infected group and a group that was administered the anti–r40‐kDa OMP hMAb. The bone loss in P. gingivalis–infected animals that were administered the anti–r40‐kDa OMP hMAb was significantly lower than that of P. gingivalis–infected rats.Conclusions: Our results suggest that transchromosomic mouse‐derived hMAb against r40‐kDa OMP of P. gingivalis protects against periodontal bone loss. This newly constructed anti–r40‐kDa OMP hMAb was used to protect against periodontal diseases caused by P. gingivalis infection.
Drug Concentration in Inflamed Periodontal Tissues After Systemically Administered Azithromycin
Authors: Gomi Kazuhiro , Yashima Akihiro , Iino Fumiaki , Kanazashi Mikimoto , Nagano Takatoshi , Shibukawa Naoya , Ohshima Tomoko , Maeda Nobuko , Arai Takashi 
Published: April 2007

Background: Azithromycin is an azalide antibiotic, effective against a wide range of oral bacteria including periodontopathic bacteria. Azithromycin is taken up by phagocytes and is released into inflamed tissue over time. The concentration of azithromycin in inflamed periodontal tissues over time has not been studied. In this study, we determined the azithromycin concentration in the gingiva and inflammatory connective tissue of the periodontal pocket in periodontal patients who had been administered azithromycin systemically. We also evaluated the clinical and microbiologic effects of azithromycin.Methods: Thirty‐four patients with periodontitis were prescribed azithromycin 500 mg once daily for 3 days. During the 14‐day study, clinical parameters (probing depth, gingival index, bleeding on probing, and gingival crevicular fluid level) were recorded, subgingival plaque was collected for bacteriologic examination, and the azithromycin concentration in the tissues lining the periodontal pocket was measured by agar diffusion bioassay.Results: Clinical parameters significantly improved after administration of azithromycin. The total number of cultivated bacteria also significantly decreased by day 4 but slightly increased after day 7. Sustained reduction in levels of six periodontopathic bacteria was not apparent until day 14. On day 7, the azithromycin concentration in the tissues lining the periodontal pockets was 50% of that on day 4, and on day 14 only 20%.Conclusion: Azithromycin is detectable in inflamed periodontal tissues ≥14 days after systemic administration; it is associated with clinical and microbiologic improvement.
Vertical Crestal Bone Changes Around Implants Placed Into Fresh Extraction Sockets
Authors: Covani Ugo , Cornelini Roberto , Barone Antonio 
Published: April 2007

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze bone healing and vertical bone remodeling for implants placed immediately after tooth removal without guided bone regeneration techniques.Methods: Twenty patients received 20 implants immediately after the removal of 20 teeth. All implants were placed within the undamaged alveoli confines, and the cervical portion of each implant was positioned at coronal bone level. The distance from implant shoulder and bone crest was measured for each implant at four sites (mesial, buccal, distal, and palatal/lingual). No membranes or filling materials were used. Primary flap closure was performed in all clinical cases.Results: All peri‐implant bone defects had healed completely 6 months after implant placement. The pattern of bone healing around the neck of the implants showed an absence of peri‐implant defects. The vertical distance between the implant shoulder and bone crest ranged from 0 to 2 mm.Conclusions: The bone remodeling of implants placed in fresh extraction sockets showed a healing pattern with new bone apposition around the implant's neck and horizontal and vertical bone reabsorption. The vertical bone reabsorption, which has been observed at buccal sites, was not associated with any negative esthetic implications.
Longitudinal Study of the Association Between Smoking as a Periodontitis Risk and Salivary Biomarkers Related to Periodontitis
Authors: Kibayashi Miyuki , Tanaka Muneo , Nishida Nobuko , Kuboniwa Masae , Kataoka Kosuke , Nagata Hideki , Nakayama Kunio , Morimoto Kanehisa , Shizukuishi Satoshi 
Published: April 2007

Background: Insufficient data exist regarding the long‐term influence of lifestyle factors including smoking on periodontal health. The objective of this study was to examine the prospective association between smoking and periodontal disease progression and the effects of smoking on salivary biomarkers related to periodontitis.Methods: Probing depth (PD) was measured at health checkups of workers in 1999 and 2003; additionally, lifestyle information was obtained through a questionnaire. In 2003, 219 of 256 (86%) workers examined at baseline completed PD measurements; saliva samples were also collected. Change in PD was used for assessment of periodontitis progression when three or more sites displayed an increase of ≥2 mm over 4 years. Salivary biomarker levels were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme assay. Statistical methods included bivariate and multivariate regression analyses.Results: In the multiple logistic model, in which lifestyle‐related factors served as independent variables, significant variables were current smoking and hours of sleep; respective odds ratios were 2.3 and 2.1. Additionally, 38.5% of periodontal disease progression was attributable to current smoking. Moreover, pack‐years of smoking showed a dose–response relationship with disease progression. Levels of salivary markers including prostaglandin E2, lactoferrin, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly lower in current smokers than in non‐current smokers. However, no meaningful differences in the proportions of six periodontal pathogens were observed between current and non‐current smokers.Conclusions: Smoking exerted the greatest influence on periodontitis risk among lifestyle factors. Smoking may suppress the host‐defense system, which may promote periodontal disease progression.
1‐Tetradecanol Complex Reduces Progression of Porphyromonas gingivalis–Induced Experimental Periodontitis in Rabbits
Authors: Hasturk Hatice , Jones Victor L. , Andry Chris , Kantarci Alpdogan 
Published: April 2007

Background: It has been recently shown that monounsaturated fatty acids inhibit endothelial activation and reduce tissue responsiveness to cytokines. The present study has been planned to investigate topical application of a novel monounsaturated fatty acid complex (1‐tetradecanol complex) for prevention of Porphyromonas gingivalis–induced periodontitis in rabbits.Methods: Experimental periodontitis was induced in New Zealand white rabbits with silk sutures tied around the mandibular second premolars bilaterally, followed by the topical application of 109 colony forming units (CFU) of P. gingivalis. 1‐Tetradecanol complex (1‐TDC) was topically applied at 1‐ and 10‐mg/ml concentrations in five animals in each group, whereas control animals received olive oil vehicle (five animals) three times per week for 6 weeks. Negative controls included ligature alone (14 animals) or ligature + P. gingivalis (non‐treatment; 15 animals). Rabbits were sacrificed after 6 weeks, and mandibular block sections were obtained; tissues were decalcified and embedded in paraffin. Thin sections (5 μm) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase. Macroscopic and histologic evaluation of samples was followed by the characterization of cellular inflammatory infiltrate and quantitative histomorphometric measurements.Results: Treatment with both concentrations of 1‐TDC and vehicle resulted in significant prevention of macroscopic periodontal inflammation and bone loss (75%; P <0.05) compared to the non‐treatment (ligature + P. gingivalis) group, where significant periodontal tissue destruction characterized by attachment and bone loss was detected. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the vehicle and both 1‐TDC groups. Histologically, 1‐TDC inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and prevented osteoclastogenesis, whereas treatment with vehicle did not show the same effect as in the 1‐TDC groups; the difference between vehicle and the higher concentration of 1‐TDC (10 mg/ml) was statistically significant.Conclusion: Topical application of an esterified monounsaturated fatty acid complex (1‐TDC) was found promising in preventing bone loss, inflammatory cell infiltration, and connective tissue destruction in the rabbit periodontitis model.
Periodontal Destruction Is Associated With Coronary Artery Disease and Periodontal Infection With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Gotsman Israel , Lotan Chaim , Soskolne W. Aubrey , Rassovsky Simona , Pugatsch Thea , Lapidus Ludmila , Novikov Yelena , Masrawa Siham , Stabholz Ayala 
Published: April 2007

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a highly prevalent disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Periodontal disease has been suggested to influence this disease and has been associated with CAD in some epidemiologic studies. However, this relation is still controversial. This study aimed to determine the relationship between periodontal disease measures and CAD and acute coronary syndromes (ACSs).Methods: Two hundred one patients presenting with stable angina or ACS referred for coronary angiography underwent a periodontal assessment including evaluation of periodontal pathogens. Severity of CAD was determined by the number of obstructed coronary arteries.Results: Patients with severe CAD defined by multiple vessel disease had significantly more periodontal destruction than those with mild CAD, as shown by mean clinical attachment level, a measure of chronic periodontal disease (CAL; 5.43 ± 1.8 versus 4.85 ± 1.6; P = 0.02), percentage of teeth with CAL ≥5 mm (82.1 ± 23.4 versus 70.4 ± 26.9; P = 0.002), and number of missing teeth (8.75 ± 6.6 versus 6.76 ± 6.6; P = 0.03). Logistic regression analysis showed that percentage of teeth with CAL ≥5 mm was significantly associated with CAD severity. Patients with ACS had significantly higher plaque scores, gingival index, and Porphyromonas gingivalis counts than stable patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that either plaque score or percentage of P. gingivalis was significantly associated with ACS.Conclusion: Periodontal destruction measures are significantly correlated with CAD severity, whereas periodontal infectious measures are significantly associated with clinical cardiac status.
Cortical Bone Thickness in Dentate and Edentulous Human Cadavers
Authors: Katranji Amar , Misch Kelly , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: April 2007

Background: A critical component of treatment planning in dental implant therapy is the amount of available bone. Thick cortical plates have been the primary way to achieve primary implant stability. However, information about cortical bone thickness in various regions of the maxilla and mandible is largely missing. Hence, it was the purpose of this cadaver study to determine an average cortical bone thickness in different tooth locations.Methods: To determine the average thickness of buccal and lingual plates, 28 cadaver heads (68% male and 32% female) with an average age of 73.1 years were measured at various locations correlating to molar (M), premolar (PM), and anterior (A) regions. Edentulous and dentate regions also were recorded.Results: Average buccal cortical thicknesses were 1.69 mm (M), 1.43 mm (PM), and 1.04 mm (A) in the edentulous maxilla; 2.06 mm (M), 1.78 mm (PM), and 1.36 mm (A) in the edentulous mandible; 2.23 mm (M), 1.62 mm (PM), and 1.59 mm (A) in the dentate maxilla; and 1.98 mm (M), 1.20 mm (PM), and 0.99 mm (A) in the dentate mandible. Average lingual cortical thicknesses were 2.06 mm (M), 1.60 mm (PM), and 1.36 mm (A) in the edentulous maxilla; 2.39 mm (M), 1.88 mm (PM), and 1.66 mm (A) in the edentulous mandible; 2.35 mm (M), 2.0 mm (PM), and 1.95 mm (A) in the dentate maxilla; and 2.51 mm (M), 1.92 mm (PM), and 1.24 mm (A) in the dentate mandible.Conclusions: The average cortical thickness of the buccal plates ranged from 1.0 to 2.1 mm in the edentulous maxilla and mandible, with the thinnest area in the anterior maxilla and the thickest area in the posterior mandible. The buccal plate of the dentate maxilla and mandible ranged from 1.6 to 2.2 mm in thickness, with the thinnest area in the lower anterior region and the thickest area in the upper posterior region.