bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secret information distribution
Authors: Okamoto Manabu , Tanaka Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe distribution of secret information so that no one knows which information is being passed to whom, such as in a poker game or the like, is an important issue for security. Secret information distribution is expected to have applications in key distribution, electronic voting, and so on. A secret information distribution method must maintain the secrecy and untraceability of the distributed content, without requiring any effort on the part of the recipient. In this paper, the authors propose a distribution method, using third‐party organizations, in which the recipient can easily receive the distribution without having to engage in any of the distribution work itself; the distribution work can be divided among any number of third‐party organizations in order to diffuse the danger, and thus untraceability and secrecy are maintained so long as there is no collusion or fraud among all the organizations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(8): 9– 17, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20308
Overfitting of boosting and regularized Boosting algorithms
Authors: Onoda Takashi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe impressive generalization capacity of AdaBoost has been explained using the concept of a margin introduced in the context of support vector machines. However, this ability to generalize is limited to cases where the data does not include misclassification errors or significant amounts of noise. In addition, the research of Schapire and colleagues has served to provide theoretical support for these results from the perspective of improving margins. In this paper we propose a set of new algorithms, AdaBoostReg,ν‐Arc, and ν‐Boost, that attempt to avoid the overfitting that can occur with AdaBoost by introducing a normalization term into the objective function minimized by AdaBoost. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(9): 69– 78, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20344
Evaluation of low‐quality images and imaging enhancement methods for fingerprint verification
Authors: Takeuchi Hideyo , Umezaki Taizo , Matsumoto Noriyuki , Hirabayashi Katsumi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA serious problem of fingerprint verification devices which are easily available on the market is how to handle ‘‘dry fingers,’’ which make the reading of fingerprints difficult and often result in incorrect verification. Dry fingers are frequently observed in the elderly and in housewives who are frequently engaged in wet work. In these cases, the observed fingerprint tends to become an eroded fingerprint image, with disconnected ridges. This paper proposes a method of handling eroded fingerprint images in which such images that will result in incorrect verification are automatically identified and the ridges are recovered rapidly. First, a method for image quality evaluation that consists of evaluating the noise in the fingerprint image is discussed and the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated. Then, simple ridge recovery is performed by using edge emphasis for images which are automatically judged to be eroded fingerprints. In the experiment, a fingerprint database was acquired in winter, when dry fingers are common. The acceptance rate for the right person (recognition rate) is found to be 94.8% when the rejection rate for other persons is set as 99.99%. When the ridges are recovered in fingerprint images whose quality is judged to be low by the image evaluation measure proposed in this paper, the recognition rate is improved to 96.2%. Furthermore, when tolerance to dry fingers is considered and verification is not performed for low‐quality image judged to be difficult to recover, the recognition rate is improved to 97.2%. In environments in which few users have dry fingers, the recognition rate will be improved to 98.8% when the rejection rate for other persons is set as 99.99%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(10): 40– 53, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20345
Metallated Phthalocyanines as the Core of Dendrimers – Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies
Authors: Leclaire Julien , Dagiral Rodolphe , Pla‐Quintana Anna , Caminade Anne‐Marie , Majoral Jean‐Pierre 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe complexation of a first‐generation dendrimer possessing a metal‐free octasubstituted phthalocyanine as its core has been carried out with copper and cobalt chlorides. In the case of the cobalt complex, the synthesis of the dendrimer has been pursued up to the eighth generation. The progressive influence of the branches upon the core has been studied with dendrimers from generation 1 to generation 7, using UV/Vis spectroscopy. These data indicate a progressive isolation of the core.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Coupling Reactions of an Allenylcarbene Complex with Alkynes and Styrene
Authors: Wen Ting Bin , Hung Wai Yiu , Sung Herman H.‐Y. , Zhou Zhongyuan , Williams Ian D. , Jia Guochen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe allenylcarbene complex [OsCl2{=CPh(η2‐CH=C=CHPh)}(PPh3)2] undergoes coupling reactions with HC≡CSiMe3 and PhC≡CC≡CPh to produce the fulvene complexes [OsCl2{η6‐C5H2(Ph)(SiMe3)(=CHPh)}(PPh3)] and [OsCl2{η6‐C5H(Ph)2(C≡CPh)(=CHPh)}(PPh3)], respectively. A similar coupling reaction also occurs between [OsCl2{=CPh(η2‐CH=C=CHPh)}(PPh3)2] and styrene.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A Critical Review of Electronic Effects in Enediamido and α‐Diimino Complexes of the Group 4 Metals
Authors: Mealli Carlo , Ienco Andrea , Phillips Andrew D. , Galindo Agustín 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe α‐diimino chelating ligand 1,4‐diaza‐1,3‐butadiene, or its dianionic enediamido form (generically defined as DAD), forms a variety of complexes with group 4 transition metals either with or without other co‐ligands. The known species are either pseudo‐octahedral [L4M(DAD)] or tetracoordinate [L2M(DAD)] with a lower degree of metal saturation in the latter case. Additionally, there are a number of known CpMLnspecies and homoleptic complexes with the formula [M(DAD)3] or [M(DAD)2]. The M‐DAD metallacycle is generally either planar or folded at the N···N vector, the latter arrangement being observed when the number of co‐ligands is reduced and hence there is insufficient saturation at the metal. The conformation also depends on the relative electron population of DAD, which is anoninnocentligand and exists as a continuum between the neutral and dianionic resonance forms. Herein some theoretical concepts, that have previously been developed to describe the bonding capabilities of DAD toward different triads of transition metals, are extended to complexes of the group 4 metals. New electronic aspects of the [M(DAD)3] complexes are described together with a completely new analysis of the [M(DAD)2] complexes. These exhibit the planar/bent conformational dichotomy, which may have an electronic and/or steric origin as it is affected by the type of substituent at the nitrogen atoms. A reasonable justification of the observed conformational preferences is found from a combination of density functional and QTAIM analyses. The latter clearly demonstrates that a peculiar intramolecular hydrogen bonding can contribute to the stabilization of planar‐type structures.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A Quantitative Investigation of the Water‐Solubilizing Properties of Branched Oligoglycerols
Authors: Nemoto Hisao , Araki Takaaki , Kamiya Masaki , Kawamura Tomoyuki , Hino Tomoaki 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWater solubility and partition‐coefficient measurements have been conducted on already known monobenzoylated octamethylenediamine‐containing branched oligoglycerols. A new oligoglycerol, a hexamer bearing eight primary hydroxy groups, has also been prepared and its properties examined. Water solubility was found to increase in an approximately geometric progression with the number of hydroxy groups and the water solubility of the hexamer derivative was atleast half a million times greater than that of the propanamide derivative. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Silver‐Catalyzed Incorporation of Carbon Dioxide into Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Yamada Wataru , Sugawara Yudai , Cheng Hau Man , Ikeno Taketo , Yamada Tohru 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe combined use of a catalytic amount of silver acetate and a stoichiometric amount of DBU efficiently catalyzed the incorporation of CO2 under mild reaction conditions into a wide range of propargylic alcohols bearing a terminal or an internal triple bond to afford the corresponding cyclic carbonates in high‐to‐excellent yields. All the cyclic carbonates obtained from the reaction were found to be single isomers. The geometries were determined to be (Z) by X‐ray crystal structure analysis and NOE experiments.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Optimization of CEC for simultaneous determination of eleven nucleosides and nucleobases in Cordyceps using central composite design
Authors: Yang Feng Q. , Li Shaoping , Li Peng , Wang Yi T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA CEC method is described for the simultaneous determination of 11 nucleosides and nucleobases including cytosine, uracil, uridine, hypoxanthine, 2′‐deoxyuridine, inosine, guanosine, thymidine, adenine, adenosine, and cordycepin in Cordyceps using 5‐chlorocytosine arabinoside as internal standard (IS). Chemometric optimization based on central composite design was employed to find the optimum conditions. The factors for optimization were defined as three parameters: voltage, pH, and concentration of ACN as organic modifier. The resolution (Rs) between inosine and guanosine, as well as the entire run time were employed to evaluate the response function. A running buffer composed of 4 mM ammonium acetate and 2 mM triethylamine (TEA) adjusted to pH 5.3 using acetic acid, and containing 3% ACN as modifier, with gradient voltage (0–4 min: 20 kV, 4–12 min: linear gradient from 20 to 30 kV; 12–16 min: 30 kV) were found to be the optimum conditions for the separation. Separation of the 11 investigated compounds and 5‐chlorocytosine arabinoside was achieved within 16 min. The contents of the 11 compounds in natural and cultured Cordyceps sinensis, and cultured Cordyceps militaris were also compared. The result showed that CEC is an efficient method for analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases in Cordyceps, which is helpful to control the quality of this valued traditional Chinese medicine.
Two‐chiral‐component microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography–chiral surfactant and chiral oil: Part 1. Dibutyl tartrate
Authors: Kahle Kimberly A. , Foley Joe P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe first simultaneous use of a chiral surfactant and a chiral oil for microemulsion EKC (MEEKC) is reported. Six stereochemical combinations of dodecoxycarbonylvaline (DDCV: R, S, or racemic, 2.00% w/v), racemic 2‐hexanol (1.65% v/v), and dibutyl tartrate (D, L, or racemic, 1.23% v/v) were examined as chiral pseudostationary phases (PSPs) for the separation of six pairs of pharmaceutical enantiomers: pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, N‐methyl ephedrine, metoprolol, synephrine, and atenolol. Subtle differences were observed for three chromatographic figures of merit (αenant, αmeth, k) among the chiral microemulsions; a moderate difference was observed for efficiency (N) and elution range. Dual‐chirality microemulsions provided both the largest and smallest enantioselectivities, due to small positive and negative synergies between the chiral microemulsion components. For the ephedrine family of compounds, dual‐chiral microemulsions with surfactant and oil in opposite stereochemical configurations provided higher enantioselectivities than the single‐chiral component microemulsion (RXX), whereas dual‐chiral microemulsions with surfactant and oil in the same stereochemical configurations provided lower enantioselectivities than RXX. Slight to moderate enantioselective synergies were confirmed using a thermodynamic model. Efficiencies observed with microemulsions comprised of racemic dibutyl tartrate or dibutyl‐D‐tartrate were significantly higher than those obtained with dibutyl‐L‐tartrate, with an average difference in plate count of about 25 000. Finally, one two‐chiral‐component microemulsion (RXS) provided significantly better resolution than the remaining one‐ and two‐chiral‐component microemulsions for the ephedrine‐based compounds, but only slightly better or equivalent resolution for non‐ephedrine compounds.
A critical path method for the estimation of service restoration time in power distribution systems
Authors: Lakshminarayana C. , Mohan M. R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDistribution systems (DSs) are invariably subjected to various types of faults, causing power blackouts to occur. Distribution Engineers have the main responsibility to minimizing the duration of these power blackouts. This minimization can be achieved by the detailed study of pre‐fault load condition of the DS, isolating the faulted section, and restoring the supply to healthy sections of the DS. Hence the estimation of service restoration time (SRT) is very important in electrical distribution systems (EDS). The estimation of SRT requires detailed knowledge of the commencement time of the emergency diesel generator (EDG) in EDS and also the operating time of the various relays in EDS. This paper introduces a new concept of optimistic time (OT), pessimistic time (PT), and most likely time (MT) of starting of the EDGs in addition to the OT, PT, and MT of the operation of the relays. The proposed concept is tested on 14‐bus, 17‐bus, and 29‐bus distribution networks. The results reveal that it is highly suitable technique for the estimation of SRT under abnormal conditions. Hence this technique can easily be improved in distribution automation/service restoration algorithms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low complexity successive interference cancellation for MIMO–OFDM systems
Authors: Wübben Dirk , Kammeyer Karl‐Dirk 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLayered architectures like the V‐BLAST scheme are a promising candidate to exploit the capacity advantages of multiple antenna systems leading to practical wireless communication schemes with very high data rates. The combination with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), called MIMO–OFDM, with per‐antenna‐coding is one of the most likely implementations of these multilayer architectures in frequency selective environments. In this paper, we present a novel, computational efficient implementation of successive interference cancellation (SIC) for coded MIMO–OFDM. It utilises a parallelised version of the Sorted QR Decomposition (SQRD) to achieve the same optimised detection order for all subcarriers, in order to exploit the error correction capability of the forward error correction code within the SIC. In comparison to other schemes known from literature, our approach requires only a fraction of computational complexity with almost the same performance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signal representation and approximation–fundamental limits
Authors: Boche Holger , Pohl Volker 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe expansion of functions in orthonormal bases is an important analytical and practical instrument in many different areas such as in signal processing, in system and information theory and in communications. However, the selection of an optimal basis is a non‐trivial task in general and depends strongly on the performance measure of the concrete problem. This paper considers the basis selection problem for three different applications, starting with a problem from system theory, looking on entropy based methods from information theory, and finally it investigates the peak‐to‐average power ratio problem in communication systems. In particular, it is investigated under which conditions the problems are solvable, that is under which conditions there exists an appropriate basis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance analysis of multi‐step power control algorithm for cellular systems
Authors: Chen Young‐Long , Li Chih‐Peng , Wang Jyu‐Wei , Wen Jyh‐Horng 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA distributed multi‐step power control algorithm is proposed for cellular networks. The proposed scheme utilises local information to feedback control commands for power adjustments. The sufficient condition that ensures system stability is obtained. In addition, a general formula for the bound of the received CIR is derived in the presence of short‐term fading. The bound of the received CIR is shown to be a function of the number of power control steps, the step size and the dead factor. In addition, system stability for the mode‐1 power control scheme is analysed by applying the results obtained for the multi‐step power control algorithm. Furthermore, the convergence region of the received CIR for long‐term fading channels is treated as a special case by assuming that all link gains are constant for consecutive measurements. Simulation results were obtained to verify the theoretical derivations. The time required to converge on the target CIR was also analysed by simulation experiments. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed algorithm on practical and imperfect situations, the effects of step size, power adjustment rate, feedback delay, feedback error and CIR estimation error are investigated and results substantiate the validity of our proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unreinforced spatial (latent) learning is mediated by a circuit that includes dorsal entorhinal cortex and fimbria fornix
Authors: Gaskin Stephane , White Norman M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe relationship of the entorhinal cortex (EC) and fimbria‐fornix (FF) in unreinforced spatial (latent) learning was studied using the conditioned‐cue‐preference task on an eight‐arm radial maze. The maze was turned before every trial to eliminate the use of local cues. During three pre‐exposure sessions, food‐deprived rats explored the center platform and two adjacent arms of the maze. Since most of the same cues were visible from both arm locations, discriminating them required spatial learning. The rats were then alternately confined to the end of each arm over several days: one arm always contained food, the other was empty. Finally, the rats were allowed free access to both arms with no food present. Normal rats spent more time in their food‐paired than in their unpaired arms showing that they learned to discriminate between the arm locations. Bilateral micro‐injections of muscimol into the dorsal, but not into the ventral EC, given before the pre‐exposure sessions only, impaired the discrimination. The discrimination was also impaired in rats with unilateral lesions of FF and contralateral injections of muscimol into the dorsal EC given before the pre‐exposure sessions. Ipsilateral FF lesions and entorhinal inactivation had no effect. These results indicate that the acquisition of information during unreinforced exploration of a novel environment requires an intact circuit involving the dorsal EC and fimbria fornix. Together with previous reports, that this form of learning does not require a functional hippocampus, (Gaskin et al. (2005) Hippocampus 15:1085–1093) the findings also suggest that the acquisition of certain kinds of unreinforced information by this circuit is independent of the hippocampus. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human hippocampal‐dependent tasks: Is awareness necessary or sufficient?
Authors: Greene Anthony J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe hippocampus has been shown to be required for the acquisition of declarative or explicit memory. Whether all hippocampal‐dependent forms of learning and memory are explicit is an open question. Controversy has emerged about the existence of implicit hippocampal‐dependent tasks. Two implicit tasks that may involve the hippocampusare a relational eye tracking task (Ryan et al. (2000) Psychol Sci 11:454–461) and transitive inference (Greene et al. (2006) J Cognit Neurosci 18:1156–1173; Greene et al. (2001) Mem Cognit 29:893–902). Recently, it was shown that both of these tasks may depend upon task awareness (Smith et al. (2006) J Neurosci 26:11304–11312; Smith and Squire (2005) J Neurosci 25:10138–10146). It is argued that in both cases, distinct, explicit versions of the tasks were created, which do not disprove the implicit nature of the original tasks. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syndecan‐1, a key regulator of cell viability in endometrial cancer
Authors: Choi Dong Soon , Kim Ji‐Hye , Ryu Hee‐Sug , Kim Hyon Chang , Han Jae Ho , Lee Jong Soo , Min Churl K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSyndecan‐1 is one of the major proteoglycans on cell surfaces involved in major biological processes. Although loss of syndecan‐1 correlates well with the gain of cancerous characteristics in a wide range of cancers, increased expression of syndecan‐1 also coincides with adverse outcomes in some cancers, including breast, ovarian and pancreatic cancers. For this Janus‐faced attitude of syndecan‐1, we sought to examine expression patterns of syndecan‐1 in endometrial carcinoma (EC) and gain insight into the roles of syndecan‐1. Immunohistochemical examinations of 109 endometrial tissue samples from myoma, hyperplasia and EC uteri revealed that syndecan‐1 expression was significantly upregulated in EC compared with hyperplasia (p < 0.001). To evaluate pathophysiological functions of syndecan‐1, its expression level was altered, and subsequent outcomes were examined using human endometrial cancer cell lines such as HEC‐1A, AN3CA and KLE cells. Overexpression of syndecan‐1 increased the growth of HEC‐1A cells regardless of anchorage dependence while silencing syndecan‐1 by antisense RNAs caused apoptotic cell death. Consistent with decreased viability, the loss of syndecan‐1 was also accompanied by a decrease in the activation of Erk and Akt and a concomitant decrease in the phosphorylation of PTEN and PDK1, which are known as negative and positive regulators of Akt activation, respectively. These down‐regulatory effects were reversed upon overexpression of syndecan‐1. Collectively together, the aforementioned findings lend support to the notion that upregulation of syndecan‐1 may be a critical element for endometrial cancers in maintaining their viability and thus can serve as a cancer specific therapeutic and diagnostic marker. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.