bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time spent outdoors in childhood related to myopia among young adults in the Swedish ABIS cohort
Authors: Bro Tomas , Ludvigsson Johnny 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeElucidate the prevalence of myopia among young adults from a birth cohort of Swedish children and its relationship to possible risk factors during their childhood.MethodsFive thousand two hundred young adults, mean 23.4 years and 58% females, participating in the prospective birth cohort All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) answered a questionnaire including questions regarding health and physical activity, spectacle use, myopia and age at first optical correction. Questionnaires at previous follow‐ups at ages 2–3, 5–6 and 8 years included information on type of housing, time outdoors, screen time and hours of reading. Myopia prevalence and associations with potential risk factors were analysed in univariate and multivariate regression models with Bonferroni's correction of p‐values.ResultsIn the ABIS Swedish birth cohort of young adults, the prevalence of myopia was 29%. A univariate logistic regression showed a higher odds ratio for myopia with female gender (OR 1.59; p < 0.05) and a completed and started university education (OR 1.52; p < 0.05). Significantly lower odds ratios were found for hours spent outdoors at 8 years of age (OR 0.82; p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed a higher odds ratio for myopia in females (OR 1.52–1.57; p < 0.05) and completed and started university education (OR 1.34–1.49; p < 0.05) in all models. In a model including accommodative effort, measured in diopter hours at 8 years of age, hours spent outdoors were associated with a lower odds ratio for myopia (OR 0.86; p < 0.05). No association could be detected between myopia and the type of housing or near work.ConclusionThe prevalence of myopia among young adults in a Swedish birth cohort was lower or unchanged compared to previous data. Female gender, higher education and less time spent outdoors in childhood were associated with an increased risk of developing myopia. Recommendations from child health services and schools should be given to stimulate children to spend enough time outdoors.
Letermovir prophylaxis reduced cytomegalovirus reactivation and resistance post umbilical cord blood transplantation
Authors: Yan Bingbing , Sun Guangyu , Wu Yue , Wu Weiwei , Song Kaidi , Cheng Yaxin , Huang Aijie , Pan Tianzhong , Tang Baolin , Zhu Xiaoyu 
Published: April 2024

SummaryTo explore the impact of letermovir (LET) prophylaxis on cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and resistance in both adult and paediatric umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) patients, we retrospectively compared 43 UCBT patients who received LET as CMV prophylaxis with a historical cohort of 207 UCBT patients without LET usage. LET was administered from Day +1 to Day +100. The 180‐day cumulative incidence of CMV reactivation (47.3% vs. 74.4%, p < 0.001) and the proportion of refractory CMV reactivation (15.0% vs. 42.9%, p = 0.016) were significantly lower than those in the control group. However, more frequent late CMV infection (31.0% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.002) and the 180‐day cumulative incidence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) reactivation (9.3% vs. 3.4%, p = 0.087) were observed in UCBT patients with LET prophylaxis. Meanwhile, older age (>15 years old) and the occurrence of pre‐engraftment syndrome were identified as the significant risk factors for CMV reactivation, and in patients at high risk, the incidence of CMV reactivation in the LET group was lower than that in the control group (46.7% vs. 86.5%, p < 0.001), while this decline was less pronounced among patients at low risk (47.8% vs. 62.1%, p = 0.120).
The CAR T‐cell race: The rules of the game
Authors: Balduzzi Adriana 
Published: April 2024

The management of paediatric patients with refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia eligible for the CAR T cell product tisagenlecleucel involves multiple decision points between the process of patient referral to product infusion. How to address the individual patient's circumstances, optimize apheresis yields and, above all, plan the best bridging chemotherapy is clearly detailed in these comprehensive and practical recommendations by Kumar Mishra and colleagues.Commentary on: Mishra et al. Practice guideline: Preparation for CAR T‐cell therapy in children and young adults with B‐acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2024;204:1687‐1696
Learnings from phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase inhibitors in lymphoma—Moving to a model where less can be more
Authors: Martynchyk Arina , Hawkes Eliza A. 
Published: April 2024

The role of Pi3K inhibitors in lymphoma is diminishing due to the adverse results from trials in indolent lymphoma, but is a one‐size‐fits‐all approach to drug development penalising some lymphoma subtypes and the newer generation of Pi3K inhibitors? The report by Soumerai et al. of zandelisib with zanubrutinib in follicular and mantle cell lymphoma is an important addition to the data.Commentary on: Soumerai et al. Safety and efficacy of zandelisib plus zanubrutinib in previously treated follicular and mantle cell lymphomas. Br J Haematol 2024;204:1762‐1770.
The power threat meaning framework 5 years on − A scoping review of the emergent empirical literature
Authors: Gallagher Orla , Regan Emma E. , O'Reilly Gary 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSince its release the Power Threat Meaning Framework (PTMF) has received considerable interest and uptake. However, there have not yet been any attempts to review the scope of this emergent literature. This scoping review aimed to identify and synthesize: (1) all empirical research which utilized the PTMF in their methodologies, (2) the characteristics of these studies, (3) the different ways in which these studies utilized the PTMF, and (4) the key findings of these studies. This review was conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) scoping review extension (PRISMA‐ScR). Following systematic searches of academic databases and grey literature, 17 studies meeting eligibility criteria were included. These papers were subject to critical appraisal, data charting, and narrative synthesis. This review identified four uses of the PTMF: (1) PTMF‐informed data collection, (2) PTMF‐informed data analysis, (3) Experiences of/views on the PTMF, and (4) PTMF‐informed psychological practices. This evidence‐base demonstrated the merits of utilizing the PTMF across a range of disciplines, settings, and populations. This heterogeneity also presents challenges for evidence synthesis. Implications for research (e.g. importance of the coherent and consistent approach to research) and practice/policy (e.g. professional training, collaboration, service‐level barriers) are considered.
Tree post‐drought recovery: scenarios, regulatory mechanisms and ways to improve
Authors: Zlobin Ilya E. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTEfficient post‐drought recovery of growth and assimilation enables a plant to return to its undisturbed state and functioning. Unlike annual plants, trees suffer not only from the current drought, but also from cumulative impacts of consecutive water stresses which cause adverse legacy effects on survival and performance. This review provides an integrated assessment of ecological, physiological and molecular evidence on the recovery of growth and photosynthesis in trees, with a view to informing the breeding of trees with a better ability to recover from water stress. Suppression of recovery processes can result not only from stress damage but also from a controlled downshift of recovery as part of tree acclimation to water‐limited conditions. In the latter case, recovery processes could potentially be activated by turning off the controlling mechanisms, but several obstacles make this unlikely. Tree phenology, and specifically photoperiodic constraints, can limit post‐drought recovery of growth and photosynthesis, and targeting these constraints may represent a promising way to breed trees with an enhanced ability to recover post‐drought. The mechanisms of photoperiod‐dependent regulation of shoot, secondary and root growth and of assimilation processes are reviewed. Finally, the limitations and trade‐offs of altering the photoperiodic regulation of growth and assimilation processes are discussed.
IGSF3 is a homophilic cell adhesion molecule that drives lung metastasis of melanoma by promoting adhesion to vascular endothelium
Authors: Guo Yue , Kasai Yutaka , Tanaka Yuto , Ohashi‐Kumagai Yuki , Sakamoto Takeharu , Ito Takeshi , Murakami Yoshinori 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) is one of the largest families of cell‐surface molecules involved in various cell–cell interactions, including cancer–stromal interactions. In this study, we undertook a comprehensive RT‐PCR‐based screening for IgSF molecules that promote experimental lung metastasis in mice. By comparing the expression of 325 genes encoding cell‐surface IgSF molecules between mouse melanoma B16 cells and its highly metastatic subline, B16F10 cells, we found that expression of the immunoglobulin superfamily member 3 gene (Igsf3) was significantly enhanced in B16F10 cells than in B16 cells. Knockdown of Igsf3 in B16F10 cells significantly reduced lung metastasis following intravenous injection into C57BL/6 mice. IGSF3 promoted adhesion of B16F10 cells to vascular endothelial cells and functioned as a homophilic cell adhesion molecule between B16F10 cells and vascular endothelial cells. Notably, the knockdown of IGSF3 in either B16F10 cells or vascular endothelial cells suppressed the transendothelial migration of B16F10 cells. Moreover, IGSF3 knockdown suppressed the extravasation of B16F10 cells into the lungs after intravenous injection. These results suggest that IGSF3 promotes the metastatic potential of B16F10 cells in the lungs by facilitating their adhesion to vascular endothelial cells.
Baicalin inhibits monosodium urate crystal‐induced pyroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cell line through Panx‐1/P2X7 pathways: Molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and in vitro experiments
Authors: Fu Wanting , Liu Ziyuan , Wang Yingzhou , Li Xindi , Yu Xiang , Li Yang , Yu Zejun , Qiu Yinsheng , Mei Zhinan , Xu Lingyun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPyroptosis is a programmed cell death process that frequently occurs in many diseases, including hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN). In HN, a range of stimuli mediates inflammation, leading to the activation of inflammasomes and the production of gasdermin D (GSDMD). Baicalin (BA), a natural flavonoid renowned for its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, was investigated for its role in HN in this study. Initially, HN‐like inflammation and pyroptosis were induced in HK‐2 cells with treatment of monosodium urate (MSU), followed by the BA treatment. The expression of pyroptosis‐associated genes, Panx‐1 and P2X7, at both mRNA and protein levels was assessed through real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and Western blotting (WB) without or with BA treatment. The results showed that expression of Panx‐1 and P2X7 at mRNA and protein levels was increased in MSU‐treated HK‐2 cells, which subsequently decreased upon the BA treatment. Further experiments showed that BA could combine NLRP3 inflammasome and GSDMD, destabilizing GSDMD protein. Moreover, BA protected the cell membrane from MSU‐induced damage, as evidenced by Hoechst 33342 and PI double staining, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, and electron microscopy observations. These results suggest that BA is involved in the regulating Panx‐1/P2X7 pathways and thus inhibits pyroptosis, highlighting its potential therapeutic effect for HN.
The association of CYP2C19LoF alleles with adverse clinical outcomes in stroke patients taking clopidogrel: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Biswas Mohitosh , Hossain Md. Shahadat , Ahmed Rupok Tahsin , Hossain Md. Sabbir , Sukasem Chonlaphat 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aggregated risk of recurrent stroke in stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients carrying CYP2C19 LoF alleles who take clopidogrel has not been investigated recently, and the available research is limited. This study aimed to perform an updated meta‐analysis to assess the association between CYP2C19 LoF alleles and the risk of recurrent stroke in patients taking clopidogrel. Databases were searched for the literature on eligible studies. The end points were recurrent stroke, composite vascular events, and bleeding events. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using RevMan software, where p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Patients carrying CYP2C19 LoF alleles who were treated with clopidogrel had a significantly increased risk of recurrent ischemic stroke compared with non‐carriers (OR 2.18, 96% CI 1.80–2.63; p < 0.00001). The risk of recurrent stroke was only significantly different in Asian patients (OR 2.29, 96% CI 1.88–2.80; p < 0.00001) but not in patients of other ethnicities; however, there were a limited number of studies in other ethnic groups. Both observational studies (OR 2.83, 96% CI 2.20–3.65; p < 0.00001) and RCTs (OR 1.48, 96% CI 1.10–1.98; p = 0.009) found associations with a significantly increased risk of recurrent ischemic stroke. Asian stroke patients or TIA patients carrying CYP2C19 LoF alleles and taking clopidogrel were at a significantly higher risk of recurrent ischemic stroke than non‐carriers. Significantly increased risk of recurrent ischemic stroke was found in both observational studies and RCTs.
The effects of patient cost‐sharing on adolescents' healthcare utilization and financial risk protection: Evidence from South Korea
Authors: Kim Seonghoon , Koh Kanghyock , Lyou Wonjun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe examine the effects of patient cost‐sharing on adolescents' healthcare utilization and out‐of‐pocket medical expenditures by exploiting the healthcare reform in South Korea that lowered the coinsurance rate for inpatient care from 20% to 5% for children under 16. We apply a difference‐in‐regression‐discontinuities design using administrative claims data. We find that the reform increased adolescents' inpatient care utilization. It also reduced out‐of‐pocket healthcare expenditures. This effect was larger among low‐income households, facilitating income redistribution. However, the lack of evidence on health improvements and household consumption spending responses suggests that generous patient cost‐sharing for adolescent healthcare may cause efficiency losses.
Enhancing the action of serotonin by three different mechanisms prevents spontaneous seizure‐induced mortality in Dravet mice
Authors: Guo Jialing , Min Daniel , Farrell Emory K. , Zhou Yupeng , Faingold Carl L. , Cotten Joseph F. , Feng Hua‐Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveSudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is an underestimated complication of epilepsy. Previous studies have demonstrated that enhancement of serotonergic neurotransmission suppresses seizure‐induced sudden death in evoked seizure models. However, it is unclear whether elevated serotonin (5‐HT) function will prevent spontaneous seizure‐induced mortality (SSIM), which is characteristic of human SUDEP. We examined the effects of 5‐HT‐enhancing agents that act by three different pharmacological mechanisms on SSIM in Dravet mice, which exhibit a high incidence of SUDEP, modeling human Dravet syndrome.MethodsDravet mice of both sexes were evaluated for spontaneous seizure characterization and changes in SSIM incidence induced by agents that enhance 5‐HT‐mediated neurotransmission. Fluoxetine (a selective 5‐HT reuptake inhibitor), fenfluramine (a 5‐HT releaser and agonist), SR 57227 (a specific 5‐HT3 receptor agonist), or saline (vehicle) was intraperitoneally administered over an 8‐day period in Dravet mice, and the effect of these treatments on SSIM was examined.ResultsSpontaneous seizures in Dravet mice generally progressed from wild running to tonic seizures with or without SSIM. Fluoxetine at 30 mg/kg, but not at 20 or 5 mg/kg, significantly reduced SSIM compared with the vehicle control. Fenfluramine at 1–10 mg/kg, but not .2 mg/kg, fully protected Dravet mice from SSIM, with all mice surviving. Compared with the vehicle control, SR 57227 at 20 mg/kg, but not at 10 or 5 mg/kg, significantly lowered SSIM. The effect of these drugs on SSIM was independent of sex.SignificanceOur data demonstrate that elevating serotonergic function by fluoxetine, fenfluramine, or SR 57227 significantly reduces or eliminates SSIM in Dravet mice in a sex‐independent manner. These findings suggest that deficits in serotonergic neurotransmission likely play an important role in the pathogenesis of SSIM, and fluoxetine and fenfluramine, which are US Food and Drug Administration‐approved medications, may potentially prevent SUDEP in at‐risk patients.
Changes to the acoustic properties of Gromphadorhina portentosa defensive sounds when exposed to the molting hormone, 20‐hydroxyecdysone
Authors: Parker David J. , Basak Hrithik , Foltynski Patricia , Swierk Lindsey 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSteroid hormones play a pivotal role in shaping arthropod phenotypes, with 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) serving as a key regulator of molting, a vulnerable period in an insect's lifecycle. Despite its critical role in arthropod growth and development, the influence of 20E on arthropod behavior, particularly defensive strategies, remains poorly understood. We investigated the impact of 20E on the bioacoustic characteristics of hisses in the Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa), a social species with multiple complex acoustic signals. With increased 20E, we predicted that hiss production would be more likely and more defensive (i.e., longer hisses with greater intensity (dB) and reduced frequency (Hz)). We injected male G. portentosa with either a low‐ (35 μg) or high‐dose (70 μg) of 20E or a control (0 μg 20E), and we measured the presence/absence of hissing responses and their bioacoustic characteristics following a standardized tactile stimulus. Contrary to our prediction, there was no difference in the likelihood of hissing or hiss duration with 20E administration. However, administering 20E resulted in reduced hiss intensity and increased hiss frequency (as measured by peak and center frequencies), suggesting potential shifts from defensive to aggressive signaling. Our study contributes to the limited knowledge of the behavioral effects of 20E, suggesting that some arthropods may experience increased aggression or energetic limitations to defense during molting. Behavioral changes elicited by hormones have important implications for both fundamental ecology and applied pest management.
A success dressed as a failure? Evidence from post‐IPO withdrawal outcomes in Europe
Authors: Helbing Pia , Lucey Brian M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhat happens to companies that file for an initial public offering (IPO), but withdraw and do not list? How long does the post‐IPO outcome take? These questions are investigated by analysing market, firm and offer characteristics of 334 withdrawn IPOs in Europe between 2001 and 2015. The majority of withdrawn IPOs is engaged in M&A, only few file for a second time IPO. These post‐IPO withdrawal outcomes happen shortly after the IPO filing. Private equity and venture capital‐backed firms are more frequently engaging in M&A or trading. The evidence suggests that the IPO may be used as a marketing mechanism, being one of several alternatives of exit.
Primase and polymerase α tango to make an RNA–DNA hybrid primer
Authors: Yuan Zuanning , Li Huilin 
Published: April 2024

Several recent cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) studies about the eukaryotic primosome, including the human primosome described by Yin et al. in this issue, have uncovered the structural intricacies between the RNA primase and the DNA polymerase. These studies show that these two partners tango on DNA to synthesize a hybrid primer composed of ~ 10 nucleotide (nt) RNA and ~ 10‐nt DNA. They reveal key intermediate steps involved in this process; from the self‐inhibited apo state to the initiation of RNA primer synthesis, RNA primer handover to the polymerase, primer elongation by polymerase, and finally, primer termination and release. Remarkably, the polymerase domain orchestrates all major steps during primer synthesis.
From harmful ‘cures’ to acceptance: Reclaiming care through queer‐feminist refusal in Yael Inokai's Ein simpler Eingriff (2022)
Authors: Yanacek Holly 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSwiss author Yael Inokai's novel Ein simpler Eingriff (2022) explores the various meanings and associations of care and caregiving. The novel demonstrates a particular sensitivity to the challenges of care work in nursing contexts and to the relationship between care and harm. This article draws on approaches from feminist care ethics, queer studies, and the politics of refusal to show how Inokai's text can be read as a novel of lesbian development that depicts its protagonist's journey from naïve hope for a cure to awareness of the complexity of care and, simultaneously, from shame to acceptance of her queer identity. Through acts of refusal, Inokai's novel decouples care from notions of a “cure” linked to heteronormative patriarchal power. It thereby creates space for a queer‐feminist ethics of care that is attuned to the needs of others, minimizes harm, and emphasizes relationality and acceptance.
Time Series Analysis of Nonlinear Head Dynamics Using Synthetic Data Generated with a Variably Saturated Model
Authors: Vonk Martin A. , Collenteur Raoul A. , Panday Sorab , Schaars Frans , Bakker Mark 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe performance of time series models is assessed using synthetic head series simulated with a numerical model that solves Richards' equation for variably saturated flow. Heads were simulated in a homogeneous unconfined aquifer between two parallel canals; measured daily precipitation and potential evaporation are specified at the land surface and root water uptake is simulated. The head response to a precipitation event is nonlinear and depends on the saturation degree and rainfall before and after the precipitation event while evaporation reduction occurs during summers. Synthetic series were generated for 27 years and three different soil types; the unsaturated zone thickness varies between 0 and >5 m. The synthetic head series were simulated with a linear and nonlinear time series model. Performance of a linear time series model with four parameters, using a scaled Gamma response, gave R2 values ranging from 0.67 to 0.96. The nonlinear time series model with five parameters simulates recharge using a root zone reservoir after which the head response to recharge is simulated with a scaled Gamma response function. The nonlinear time series model was able to simulate all synthetic head series very well with R2 values above 0.9 for almost all models. The head response of the nonlinear model to a single precipitation event compares well to the response of the variably saturated groundwater model. The provided scripts may be used to simulate synthetic head series for other climates or for systems with additional complexity to assess the performance of other data‐driven models.