bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive function in adolescents and young adults in complete remission from benign childhood epilepsy with centro‐temporal spikes
Authors: Hommet Caroline , Billard Catherine , Motte Jacques , du Passage Grégoire , Perrier Danièle , Gillet Patrice , Prunier Caroline , de Toffol Bertrand , Autret Alain 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is a frequent, benign childhood epilepsy with a good prognosis. However, neuropsychological deficits have been reported during its active phase. In this study, we evaluate the long‐term neuropsychological consequences of this reputedly benign epilepsy, particularly the relation between paroxysmal abnormalities and cerebral language lateralization.
The neuropsychological outcomes concerning both overall cognitive and lateral hemispheric functions were studied in twenty‐three adolescents and young adults in total recovery from BECTS, in thirty‐three controls without any significant past neurological history and in ten adolescents and young adults with complete resolution of generalized idiopathic epilepsy (childhood absence epilepsy or CAE). Language lateralization was evaluated using classical neuropsychological procedures (dichotic listening tasks, dual‐task procedure).
No difference was seen in the three populations with respect to overall cognitive function: memory, language and the executive functions. Although the Performance IQ was lower in patients in remission from CAE, the results were within normal limits. However, qualitative analysis of the dual‐task procedure suggested a different organizational pattern for cerebral language in adolescents and young adults in remission from BECTS as compared to controls and patients in remission from CAE. The different organization in cerebral pattern in BECTS patients appeared to be related to the initial epileptic focus as determined by the EEG and/or the sleep‐recording. We discuss the relationship between the presence of paroxysmal anomalies in childhood and subtle functional lateralized hemispheric abnormalities in adulthood.
Frontal lobe seizures
Authors: Canevini Maria Paola , Tassi Laura , Fusco Lucia , Giallonardo Anna Teresa , Guerrini Renzo , Mai Roberto , Rubboli Guido , Tinuper Paolo , Vigevano Federico 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
This video teaching course presents several patterns of frontal lobe seizures recorded in a number of Italian Epilepsy Centers. The general features of frontal lobe seizures are outlined in the introduction. Sixteen vldeo‐EEG sequences involving 10 different patients are shown. A short presentation of the clinical history precedes each case report.
The electroclinical characteristics of seizures implicating the frontal lobe are extremely variable. According to the literature, general characteristics allowing differentiation between seizures of different topography include: appearance of seizures in clusters; seizures predominantly nocturnal or while the patient is falling asleep; short duration of each episode (approximately 30 s); abrupt onset and end; relatively short post‐ictal phase, when present; frequent secondary generalization and falls; frequent subjective sensations, usually difficult to describe; impairment of consciousness is not a constant feature; episodes of status are frequent; differentiation from pseudo‐seizures may prove to be difficult.
When confirmation of the epileptic nature of paroxysmal phenomena is needed, video‐EEG recordings may be of some help.

Possible subjective manifestations are: cephalic and neuro‐vegetative (even epigastric) manifestations, as well as
“pensée forcée”
, fear, olfactory hallucinations, non‐lateralized visual disturbances. Motor manifestations include tonic, dystonic, postural, oculocephalic deviations and falls.

Verbal and more often gestural automatisms can be complex, very brief and often violent, but elementary automatisms, such as automatic hand and mouth movements, or bimanual and pedaling movements, are also frequent.
In this video teaching course, we first present seizures featuring minimal motor signs, followed by seizures with a more complex semiology. The most significant clinical and EEG features are discussed. (Published with videosequences.)
Influence du pattern EEG critique sur les variations du débit sanguin cérébral, mesurées par tomographie d'émission monophotonique
Authors: Biraben Arnaud , Bernard A. , Seigneret Éric , Scarabin Jean‐Marie 
Published: March 2024

RÉSUMÉ

Les corrélations anatomo‐électro‐cliniques établies par stéréo‐électro‐encéphalographie (SEEG) ou Electro‐cortico‐graphie (EcoG) sont les techniques de référence pour déterminer la zone épileptogène (ZE) chez un patient épileptique, ces techniques prennent en compte la dimension temporelle de la crise. D'introduction plus récente, la tomographie d'émission monophotonique (TEMP) ictale permet elle aussi d'établir des corrélations anatomo‐cliniques lors des crises d'épilepsie. La TEMP est un reflet du débit sanguin cérébral pendant la crise, ces variations importantes de débit pendant les crises sont liées à l'activité électrique locale. Peu d'études sont consacrées à l'étude des liens unissant activité électrique et débit sanguin chez l'homme dans ces conditions. Globalement il est possible d'en retirer que si l'injection est faite pendant la décharge électrique ictale, une hyperperfusion est observée localement, cette hyperperfusion intéresse les régions où la décharge a débuté ainsi que les régions où elle s'est secondairement propagée. Si l'injection est plus tardive, une hypoperfusion apparaît dans ces régions, ayant aussi une bonne valeur localisatrice. Le
timing
de l'injection est donc fondamental à l'interprétation.
Retentissement cognitif de l'épilepsie à pointes centro‐temporales
Authors: de Saint‐Martin Anne , Seegmuller Caroline , Carcangiu Roberta , Kleitz Catherine , Hirsch Édouard , Marescaux Christian , Metz‐Lutz Marie‐Noëlle 
Published: March 2024

RÉSUMÉ
Les épilepsies focales liées à l'âge et notamment l'épilepsie à paroxysmes rolandiques (EPR) ou à pointes centro‐temporales (EPCT) sont considérées comme étant d'excellent pronostic avec une disparition spontanée des crises et des anomalies électroencéphalographiques (EEG) à l'adolescence. L'individualisation de ce syndrome par Beaussart et Nayrac en 1959 a été une avancée considérable en épileptologie infantile: il existait des épilepsies focales non lésionnelles, «bénignes», d'évolution spontanément favorable. Depuis, ont été conduites plusieurs études portant sur le développement cognitif et les apprentissages de ces enfants au cours de la maladie, apportant des résultats hétérogènes. Toutes les études s'accordent à dire cependant que les enfants atteints d'épilepsie à paroxysmes rolandiques gardent une efficience intellectuelle normale au cours de leur évolution et un excellent pronostic à long terme. Néanmoins, chez certains d'entre eux, peuvent apparaître un déficit oromoteur transitoire, des troubles neuropsychologiques spécifiques, ou des troubles attentionnels retentissant sur les apprentissages scolaires, au cours de la phase active de la maladie. L'analyse des corrélations neuropsychologiques et neurophysiologiques met en évidence un effet significatif de la latéralité du foyer pour de rares épreuves spécifiques. La présence prolongée d'un foyer lent intercritique et de pointe‐ondes amples et très activées au sommeil sont associées de façon significative à une baisse des performances cognitives et à des troubles attentionnels. Ces anomalies sont observées essentiellement au cours des formes dites sévères ou atypiques. Les premières études longitudinales confirment le caractère transitoire de ces déficits. Ainsi l'existence d'un foyer épileptique actif, en l'absence de toute lésion, ou même de traitement, interfèrerait avec la maturation de fonctions cognitives en cours de développement.
Idiopathic generalised epilepsy with phantom absences and absence status in a child
Authors: Panayiotopoulos Chrysostomos P. , Ferrie Colin D. , Koutroumanidis Michael , Rowlinson Shaun , Sanders Sue 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

A syndrome of idiopathic generalised epilepsy with phantom absences of undetermined onset has been recently described. This syndrome clinically becomes apparent in adulthood with generalised tonic clonic seizures and frequently absence status epilepticus. We report an 11 year‐old normal girl with frequent episodes of absence status and no other overt clinical manifestations. However, appropriate video‐EEG recordings documented that she had frequent absence seizures that were so mild as to escape recognition by her and the parents. These consisted of mild impairment of cognition and eyelid fluttering during brief generalised discharges of spike/multiple spike and slow waves. No further seizures occurred and the EEG normalised after appropriate drug treatment. Thus, it appears that this syndrome of phantom absences and absence status may start much earlier, in late childhood. Appropriate video‐EEG documentation is needed for the recognition of these patients that may be more common than it appears from the few published cases (
with Video
).
Intraoperative methods for confirmation of correct placement of the vagus nerve stimulator
Authors: Vaughn Bradley V. , Bernard Estrada , Lannon Susan , Mann Billie , D'Cruz O'Neill F. , Shockley William , Passanante Anthony 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Vagus nerve stimulation is a progressive therapy for intractable epilepsy. Variations in cervical anatomy can complicate localization of the vagus nerve and may lead to inappropriate placement of the stimulator leads. We have developed two intraoperative techniques that improve correct identification of the vagus nerve. Both of these techniques utilize the co‐localization of the recurrent laryngeal nerve with the vagus nerve. For patients undergoing stimulator placement with regional and local anesthesia, the stimulator current intensity is increased until alteration of voice can be confirmed with a voice test. Patients undergoing general anesthesia can also be tested by direct stimulation of the isolated vagus nerve. Utilizing visualization of the larynx and vocal cords via fiberoptic endoscopy, direct stimulation of the vagus nerve will produce a contraction of the left lateral wall of the larynx and tightening of the left vocal cord. Neither of these procedures produce any untoward effects for the patients. We have found these methods improve our ability to confirm correct placement of the stimulator with minimal increase in operative time (
with Video
).
Comparison of twice‐ and three times daily tiagabine for the adjunctive treatment of partial seizures in refractory patients with epilepsy: an open label, randomised, parallel‐group study
Authors: Biraben A. , Beaussart M. , Josien E. , Pestre M. , Savet J.‐F. , Schaff J.‐L. , Tourniaire D. , Sevestre M. , Renault‐Djouadi J. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

A multicentre, open label, randomised, parallel group study compared the efficacy, tolerability and safety of two dosing regimens, t.i.d. and b.i.d., of tiagabine as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of refractory patients with partial seizures. A total of 347 patients were randomised and treated (175 t.i.d. and 172 b.i.d.). Each group was administered the same daily dose of tiagabine incremented stepwise during a 12‐week fixed‐schedule titration period to a target dose of 40 mg/day. The patients were followed for a further 12‐week flexible continuation phase. A significantly greater number of patients in the t.i.d. group completed the fixed schedule titration period (81.4%
versus
73.1%; 95% CI of
odds ratio
= 0.331, 0.970; p = 0.038). The proportion of responders (patients showing at least a 50% decrease in all‐seizure frequency from baseline) was similar for both groups (42.3% for b.i.d. and 47.1% for t.i.d.) during the last 8 weeks of the flexible phase and seven (4.0%) patients in the b.i.d. group were seizure‐free compared to 14 (8.1%) patients in the t.i.d. group. Adverse events were of similar incidence in both groups, and mainly occurred during the fixed schedule titration period; they were mainly mild and CNS‐related with somnolence being the most frequently reported.

Conclusion: Tiagabine was effective as add‐on treatment of refractory partial seizures. Although both regimens appear to offer a similar efficacy and safety profile, significantly more patients completed the study in the t.i.d. group compared to b.i.d., probably as a consequence of a lesser tolerability when high doses are given undivided. These results confirm that a slow titration and appropriate adjustment of dosing are essential conditions to ensure optimal use of tiagabine.
Sleep‐related, low voltage Rolandic and vertex spikes: an EEG marker of benignity in infancy‐onset focal epilepsies
Authors: Bureau Michelle , Cokar Ozlem , Maton Bruno , Genton Pierre , Dravet Charlotte 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Although benign forms of epilepsies with onset in infancy have recently been recognized, the occurrence of seizures in an infant or very young child is very often an event of great significance and the prognosis concerning both epilepsy and neuropsychological development must be guarded. No reliable clinical or electroencephalographic (EEG) markers that can predict the outcome have been described. In a retrospective series of 10 patients, we found a peculiar EEG pattern seen across sleep stages, but not in the waking state in infants whose first seizures appeared before the age of 1 year, and which were mostly complex focal. In all cases, follow‐up showed a favourable outcome with complete seizure remission and no cognitive impairment. The specificity of these EEG changes was 100%, but the sensitivity was lower, since they were not seen in some of the infants with the same favourable outcome. We discuss the clinical similarities between our patients and those cases reported earlier by other authors as benign, non‐familial or familial focal epilepsies, in whom, however, no interictal abnormalities had been seen on the EEG. Such EEG changes are probably specific to benign, self‐limited, early onset focal epilepsies.
Epileptic nystagmus: A case study video‐EEG correlation
Authors: García‐Pastor Andrés , López‐Esteban Pilar , Peraita‐Adrados Rosa 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Epileptic nystagmus (EN) is an uncommon phenomenon characterized by repetitive and rapid saccades, in association with epileptic discharges. We present a critical video‐EEG recording in a patient with occipital seizures that appeared clinically as EN.
The subject, male, 70 years‐old, was examined because of generalized tonic‐clonic seizures, preceded by left cephalic version. These were controlled using i.v. PHT, but partial seizures persisted, which we recorded using video‐EEG. Clinically, we observed episodes of left conjugate deviation of the eyes, accompanied by horizontal nystagmoid movements, with a rapid leftward component and visual hallucinations. The patient did not lose consciousness. Ictal EEG: spike rhythm in the posterior right occipito‐temporal region extending to adjacent and contralateral regions, followed by post‐discharge of slow waves. The video‐EEG was interpreted as partial oculo‐clonic status epilepticus of right temporo‐occipital origin. Cranial MRI: old, bilateral hemorrhaging occipital contusions associated with previous cranial injury. The picture persisted for two days, and disappeared with administration of CBZ 600 mg/d.
Our patient's nystagmus seemed to be related to the critical activity recorded in the right occipito‐temporal region. The co‐existence of visual hallucinations and the video‐EEG correlation support this possibility. This phenomenon is probably due to epileptic activation of the cortical center of saccadic movements, with a rapid phase of nystagmus, contralateral to the focus, and a slow ipsilateral phase in association with a defect in the gaze‐fixing system (“leaky neural integrator”) [published with videosequences].
Misleading lateralization by ictal SPECT in temporal lobe epilepsy – a case report
Authors: Janszky J. , Holló A. , Barsi P. , Rásonyi G. , Er⊚Tss L. , Kalóczkai A. , Halász P. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
A 28‐year‐old woman with temporal lobe epilepsy underwent presurgical evaluation. Scalp‐EEG showed non‐localizing seizure patterns. MRI revealed a right hippocampal sclerosis. Ictal HMPAO‐SPECT showed a marked left temporal hyperperfusion. Video‐EEG monitoring with foramen ovale electrodes (FOE) showed an initial seizure pattern which appeared in the right FOE and which shifted to the left 8 s after clinical onset. Three years after a right temporal lobectomy, the patient is seizure‐free. In conclusion, although the ictal SPECT suggested a left temporal seizure focus, the intracranial EEG and the postoperative seizure‐freedom confirmed the right‐sidelocation of the epileptogenic region. A rapid right‐left seizure spread explains the mechanism of falsely lateralizing ictal SPECT.
Anatomy of the temporal pole region
Authors: Chabardès Stephan , Kahane Philippe , Minotti Lorella , Hoffmann Dominique , Benabid Alim‐Louis 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The temporopolar region is not clearly defined from an anatomical point of view. A line going through the rostral area of the inferior temporal, occipito temporal and superior temporal sulci is considered to represent its posterior limit on the lateral and inferior sides. On the internal side, this posterior limit corresponds to the rhinal sulcus, an anterior and internal extention of the collateral sulcus. From a cyto‐architectonic point of view, the temporopolar region is caracterized by a dysgranular paralimbic cortex which ensures the transition between allo‐ and isocortical areas. The temporal pole is mainly connected with the amygadala, the hippocampus, the superior temporal gyrus, and the occipitobasal cortex, but also with the orbitary gyrus and the insula with which it forms the insulo‐orbito‐polartemporo‐complex.
Direct electrical stimulations of the temporal pole in human
Authors: Ostrowsky Karine , Desestret Virginie , Ryvlin Philippe , Coste Sébastien , Mauguière François 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We report the results of 105 intracortical electrical stimulations of the temporo‐polar cortex performed in 30 patients during stereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG) investigation of drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. Clinical responses were elicited in 50% of the patients during 26 of the 105 stimulations. Responses are coherent with data found in the literature with mostly psychic, viscero‐sensitive, autonomic and viscero‐motor phenomena being elicited. Nearly all responses were evoked by stimulation of the antero‐medial part of the temporo‐polar cortex whereas only once was a clinical response elicited during stimulation of the lateral part of the temporo‐polar cortex. Induced auras were more frequently reported when there was an afterdischarge associated to the clinical response (60 and 75% of the stimulation followed by a localized or a diffusing after‐discharge, respectively) then when there wasn't any after‐discharge following stimulation. The clinical responses evoked during stimulation of the temporo‐polar cortex only have a limited topographic specificity since they closely resemble symptoms elicited by stimulation of other limbic or paralimbic areas. Nonetheless these results do suggest that the antero‐medial part of the temporo‐polar cortex is included in the symptomatogenic zone in so‐called “temporo‐limbic” epilepsies.
Developmental aspects of the basal ganglia and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Velíšková Jana , Claudio Olga I. , Galanopoulou Aristea S. , Kyrozis Andreas , Lado Fred A. , Ravizza Teresa , Velíšek Libor , Moshé Solomon L. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Development and sex hormones play an important role in the expression of seizures. Sex‐specific differences in the development of seizure‐suppressing neuronal networks may account, at least in part, for age‐ and sex‐related susceptibility to seizures. The substantia nigra pars reticulata is a site involved in the control of seizures. In adult male rats, there are two distinct GABA
A
sensitive regions within the substantia nigra pars reticulata, which mediate opposite effects in flurothyl seizures. Muscimol infused into the anterior region is anticonvulsant while similar infusions into the posterior region are proconvulsant. These two regions differ morphologically, and utilize different efferent networks. In contrast, in postnatal day 15 male rats, there is no such differentiation and muscimol infusions have only proconvulsant effects.

The hallmark of the female substantia nigra pars reticulata is the fact that muscimol‐mediated proconvulsant effects cannot be demonstrated in any region at any age. The sex‐related difference in nigral seizure control may be related to the lack of testosterone in females. Accordingly, neonatal castration of males results in the loss of the “proconvulsant” region. The
“male”
type of the substantia nigra pars reticulata effects can be induced by exogenous testosterone administration in neonatally castrated male or in female rats. The phenotype of nigral GABAergic neurons, as characterized by GABA
A
receptor subunit composition, muscimol‐induced electrophysiological responses, and connectivity of output networks may each be altered by the presence of testosterone. Better understanding of the influence of the endocrine system on brain development and neuronal activity may provide new insight into the treatment of age‐ and sex‐dependent seizure disorders.
Deep brain stimulation in epilepsy with particular reference to the subthalamic nucleus
Authors: Chabardès Stéphan , Kahane Philippe , Minotti Lorella , Koudsie Adnan , Hirsch Edouard , Benabid Alim‐Louis 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Alternative methods, for the treatment of medically refractory epileptic patients, who cannot be treated by resective surgery, such as chronic deep brain neurostimulation, are under development. Such methods have been used in the cerebellum, various thalamic nuclei, and in the caudate nucleus. In Grenoble, encouraged by the suppressive effects of pharmacological or electrical inhibition of the STN on different types of seizure in animal models of epilepsy, and by our experience with STN high frequency stimulation (HFS) in patients with movement disorders, we have evaluaded the high frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN HFS). STN HFS was performed in five patients suffering from medically intractable seizures and considered unsuitable for resective surgery. A 67% to 80% reduction in seizure frequency was observed in three patients, with a partial symptomatic epilepsy of the central region. An additional patient suffering from severe myoclonic epilepsy (Dravet syndrome) also responded to STN HFS, with a weaker reduction of seizure frequency. The fifth patient who suffered from an autosomal dominant frontal lobe epilepsy with insulo‐frontal seizures did not show any improvement. These results suggest that stimulation of STN could be a promising treatment for patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy who would not benefit from conventional surgery.