bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of organizational climate and its relationship with job burnout in hospital and college libraries
Authors: Sohani Fatemeh , Valizadeh-Haghi Saeideh , Nasibi-Sis Hamed , Zandkarimi Sana , Sheikhshoaei Fatemeh 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThe library is one of the critical foundations of informing and educating the public, and it should fulfil its function in the community, which is disseminating knowledge effectively. The library must have a dynamic space and an appropriate atmosphere to do this. Also, librarians should assist clients outside of stressful work environments. This study aimed to examine the association between organizational climate and job burnout in the hospital and college libraries of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.Design/methodology/approachThis study is a cross-sectional survey. The population includes all librarians working in the college and hospital libraries of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Two questionnaires, including organizational climate “ClimateQUAL” and job burnout “Maslach and Jackson”, were applied to collect data. It was hypothesized that there is a correlation between the organizational climate and the burnout of librarians.FindingsThe findings revealed that the organizational climate and job burnout are not in a favourable situation, with average scores of 4.70 and 2.50, respectively. Furthermore, there is a significant statistical relationship between organizational climate and job burnout (p-value<0.001).Originality/valueKnowledge of the significant relationship between the organizational climate and job burnout in medical libraries may encourage policymakers to make more efforts to provide their staff with a better climate and less burnout. Regarding that it is crucial to enhance the existing condition in medical libraries, the findings of the present study suggest that policymakers should be conscious of improving the current condition, which could lead to promoting patrons’ satisfaction and productivity in the mentioned libraries.
Successful repigmentation of hypopigmented scars with micropunch grafting with a skin‐seeding technique
Authors: Kim Dong Seok , Kim Jin Cheol , Baek Du Jin , Kang Hee Young 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHypopigmented scars are challenging to treat, and the focus for successful treatment is to cause pigment cells to produce more melanin. In this study, we evaluated the repigmentation effects of 0.4 mm motorized‐micropunch grafting with skin‐seeding for hypopigmented scars. Twenty‐one patients with hypopigmented scars on the face and neck that had been resistant to conventional treatment and who had finally undergone micropunch grafting with a skin‐seeding technique (SST) were retrospectively reviewed. Repigmentation outcomes were evaluated with global assessment by a physician using a 4‐point repigmentation scale. Adverse events were noted. The subjects were followed for a 2‐year follow‐up period post grafting. All 21 subjects exhibited excellent to complete repigmentation of more than 75% of the hypopigmented scars. More than 90% repigmentation was observed in 17 patients. The mean duration for repigmentation that the subjects were satisfied with was 5.5 months. No adverse effects or recurrence instances were observed. Motorized micropunch grafting is an effective and promising alternative treatment for repigmentation of hypopigmented scars.
Radiation‐induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma showing a significant response to pembrolizumab: A case report
Authors: Takahashi‐Watanabe Manami , Fujimura Taku , Amagai Ryo , Ohuchi Kentaro , Yamazaki Emi , Tamabuchi Erika , Kuroki Shigeru , Kambayashi Yumi , Hashimoto Akira , Asano Yoshihide 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) arising from radiation dermatitis has a higher risk of metastasis than conventional cSCC. Immunosuppression is another risk factor for cSCC, suggesting that mycosis fungoides (MF) could be a risk factor for cSCC. Here we report a case of radiation‐induced cSCC with a high level of tumor‐mutation burden that developed in a patient with MF who was successfully treated with pembrolizumab. The present case suggests that pembrolizumab might be an optimal therapy for radiation‐induced cSCC, even at advanced stages.
Priority Setting as the Blind Spot of Administrative Law Enforcement: A Theoretical, Conceptual, and Empirical Study of Competition Authorities in Europe
Authors: Brook Or , Cseres Katalin J. 
Published: April 2024

Priority setting by independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) is an invisible, yet essential, component of regulatory law enforcement. The selection of which cases to enforce and which to disregard is vital given IRAs’ finite resources, and due to the function of concretising open‐ended administrative norms. Clear enforcement priorities allow IRAs to focus on matters of genuine economic, societal, and doctrinal importance, solve complex socio‐economic problems and build credible, independent, and accountable authorities. However, as a blindspot of administrative discretion, to date neither a normative framework to assess IRAs’ priority setting rules and practices nor a shared terminology to evaluate its different features has developed. This article fills this gap by developing a novel typology and normative framework to guide IRAs’ priority setting, based on a historical, conceptual, and empirical study focusing on the case of independent competition authorities. It combines insights from top‐down analysis of administrative and criminal law enforcement with bottom‐up empirical research and engagement with IRAs using EU competition law enforcement as a case study.
DNA methylation‐based telomere length is associated with HIV infection, physical frailty, cancer, and all‐cause mortality
Authors: Liang Xiaoyu , Aouizerat Bradley E. , So‐Armah Kaku , Cohen Mardge H. , Marconi Vincent C. , Xu Ke , Justice Amy C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTelomere length (TL) is an important indicator of cellular aging. Shorter TL is associated with several age‐related diseases including coronary heart disease, heart failure, diabetes, osteoporosis, and cancer. Recently, a DNA methylation‐based TL (DNAmTL) estimator has been developed as an alternative method for directly measuring TL. In this study, we examined the association of DNAmTL with cancer prevalence and mortality risk among people with and without HIV in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Biomarker Cohort (VACS, N = 1917) and Women's Interagency HIV Study Cohort (WIHS, N = 481). We profiled DNAm in whole blood (VACS) or in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (WIHS) using an array‐based method. Cancer prevalence was estimated from electronic medical records and cancer registry data. The VACS Index was used as a measure of physiologic frailty. Models were adjusted for self‐reported race and ethnicity, batch, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and five cell types (CD4, CD8, NK, B cell, and monocyte). We found that people with HIV had shorter average DNAmTL than those without HIV infection [beta = −0.25, 95% confidence interval (−0.32, −0.18), p = 1.48E‐12]. Greater value of VACS Index [beta = −0.002 (−0.003, −0.001), p = 2.82E‐05] and higher cancer prevalence [beta = −0.07 (−0.10, −0.03), p = 1.37E‐04 without adjusting age] were associated with shortened DNAmTL. In addition, one kilobase decrease in DNAmTL was associated with a 40% increase in mortality risk [hazard ratio: 0.60 (0.44, 0.82), p = 1.42E‐03]. In summary, HIV infection, physiologic frailty, and cancer are associated with shortening DNAmTL, contributing to an increased risk of all‐cause mortality.
Personality correlates of past‐year alcohol use in individuals with severe alcohol use disorder and a lifetime history of involvement in alcoholics anonymous
Authors: Lannoy Séverine , Svikis Dace S. , Stephenson Mallory , Polak Kathryn , Kendler Kenneth S. , Edwards Alexis C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a highly impairing condition with important public health impacts. Despite the availability of treatment options for AUD, research shows that few people receive treatment, and even fewer can maintain abstinence/low‐drinking levels. This study investigated the role of personality traits in past‐year alcohol use among individuals with severe AUD who ever attended Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), a widespread and easily accessible self‐help group for alcohol problems.MethodsUnivariable and multivariable regressions were performed separately in females and males with alcohol consumption as an outcome. Socioeconomic factors, genetic liability, and psychopathology were included as covariates in the analyses.ResultsResults from the multivariable model indicated that in females who attended AA, greater alcohol use was related to both positive and negative urgency and low sensation seeking, while in males, greater alcohol use was related to positive urgency. Results also showed that, in both sexes, younger age and lower educational levels were associated with greater alcohol use. Moreover, single males and individuals with lower AUD severity were at higher risk of using alcohol in the past year.ConclusionsThese findings highlight sex‐specific correlates of drinking in individuals with AUD who engaged in self‐help groups. These findings may help to improve treatment options, as personality encompasses modifiable traits that can be targeted in psychological interventions.
Mapping structural covariance networks of emotional withdrawal symptoms in males with methamphetamine use disorder during abstinence
Authors: Mo Xian , Jiang Ping , Sun Jiayu , Lu Lu , Li Lei , Huang Xiaoqi , Xu Jiajun , Li Jing , Zhang Junran , Gong Qiyong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIndividuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) often experience anxiety and depressive symptoms during abstinence, which can worsen the likelihood of relapse. Thus, it is essential to understand the neuro‐mechanism behind methamphetamine use and its associated emotional withdrawal symptoms in order to develop effective clinical strategies. This study aimed to evaluate associations between emotional withdrawal symptoms and structural covariance networks (SCNs) based on cortical thickness (CTh) across the brain. The CTh measures were obtained from Tl‐weighted MRI data from a sample of 48 males with MUD during abstinence and 48 male healthy controls. The severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms was assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and depression (HAMD) scales. Two important nodes belonging to the brain reward system, the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and medial prefrontal cortex (medPFC), were selected as seeds to conduct SCNs and modulation analysis by emotional symptoms. MUDs showed higher structural covariance between the right rACC and regions in the dorsal attention, right frontoparietal, auditory, visual and limbic networks. They also displayed higher structural covariance between the right medPFC and regions in the limbic network. Moreover, the modulation analysis showed that higher scores on HAMA were associated with increased covariance between the right rACC and the left parahippocampal and isthmus cingulate cortex in the default mode network. These outcomes shed light on the complex neurobiological mechanisms underlying methamphetamine use and its associated emotional withdrawal symptoms and may provide new insights into the development of effective treatments for MUD.
Still a ‘boys’ club': a qualitative analysis of how gender affects a career in anaesthesia in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Carter J. C. , Purcell N. , Stewart C. H. , Pearce G. C. , Balkin M. , Allen K. J. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryGender inequity remains an issue in anaesthesia despite increasing numbers of women training and achieving fellowship in the speciality. Women are under‐represented in all areas of anaesthetic research, academia and leadership. The Gender Equity Subcommittee of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists recently conducted a survey asking “Does gender still matter in the pursuit of a career in anaesthesia in 2022?”. The survey was distributed to a randomly selected sample of 1225 anaesthetic consultants and completed by 470 respondents (38% response rate) with 793 free‐text comments provided. Three overarching themes were identified: gender effects on the career and family interface; women do not fit the mould; and gender equity changes the status quo. Women respondents described a need to make a choice between career and family, which was not described by men, as well as stigmatisation of part‐time work, a lack of access to challenging work and negative impacts of parental leave. Women respondents also described a sense of marginalisation within anaesthesia due to a ‘boys’ club' mentality, a lack of professional respect and insufficient structural supports for women in leadership. This was compounded for women from ethnically and culturally diverse backgrounds. A need for specific strategies to support anaesthetic careers for women was described as well as normalisation of flexibility in workplaces, combined with a broadening of our definition of success to allow people of all genders to experience fulfilment both at home and at work. This study is the first published qualitative data on factors affecting gender equity for anaesthetists in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. It highlights the need for further exploration, as well providing a foundation for changes in attitude and structural changes towards advancing gender equity.
Modelling motion energy in psychotherapy: A dynamical systems approach
Authors: Dattner Itai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study we introduce an innovative mathematical and statistical framework for the analysis of motion energy dynamics in psychotherapy sessions. Our method combines motion energy dynamics with coupled linear ordinary differential equations and a measurement error model, contributing new clinical parameters to enhance psychotherapy research. Our approach transforms raw motion energy data into an interpretable account of therapist–patient interactions, providing novel insights into the dynamics of these interactions. A key aspect of our framework is the development of a new measure of synchrony between the motion energies of therapists and patients, which holds significant clinical and theoretical value in psychotherapy. The practical applicability and effectiveness of our modelling and estimation framework are demonstrated through the analysis of real session data. This work advances the quantitative analysis of motion dynamics in psychotherapy, offering important implications for future research and therapeutic practice.
Extracellular vesicles as potential diagnostic markers for kidney allograft rejection
Authors: Thongwitokomarn Harit , Noppakun Kajohnsak , Chaiwarith Romanee , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractKidney transplantation is a highly effective treatment for end‐stage kidney disease. However, allograft rejection remains a significant clinical challenge in kidney transplant patients. Although kidney allograft biopsy is the gold‐standard diagnostic method, it is an invasive procedure. Since the current monitoring methods, including screening of serum creatinine and urinary protein, are not of sufficient sensitivity, there is a need for effective post‐transplant monitoring to detect allograft rejection at an early stage. Extracellular vesicles are vesicles with a lipid bilayer that originate from different cell types in pathological and physiological conditions. The content of extracellular vesicles reflects the status of cells at the time of their production. This review comprehensively summarizes clinical, in vivo, and in vitro reports that highlight the potential of extracellular vesicles as diagnostic biomarkers for kidney allograft rejection. Clarification would facilitate differentiation between rejection and non‐rejection and identification of the mechanisms involved in the allograft rejection. Despite increasing evidence, further research is necessary to establish the clinical utility of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and monitoring of allograft rejection in kidney transplant recipients. Using extracellular vesicles as non‐invasive biomarkers for diagnosis of kidney allograft rejection could have tremendous benefits in improving patient outcomes and reduce the need for invasive procedures.
Higher agency costs in smaller firms? The role of size and reporting requirements in agency conflicts
Authors: Johannes Pauline , Lefebvre Vivien 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOur paper investigates vertical agency conflicts that result from the separation of ownership and control in privately held firms. Vertical agency conflicts can lead to vertical agency costs resulting from bonding costs, monitoring costs, and residual losses. More specifically, we focus on the roles of firm size and corporate reporting requirements in the level of these costs. We demonstrate that vertical agency costs are higher in smaller, privately held firms because shareholders have less monitoring capacity and limited access to the labor market. Furthermore, vertical agency costs in smaller firms are amplified in countries characterized by relatively weaker reporting requirements because shareholders have less information available to assess managers' actions. We suggest for the first time that firm size and strength of auditing and reporting requirements are essential to understanding agency costs' magnitude in privately held firms. Our analysis also offers a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that explain agency costs in privately held firms. Thus, this study poses important implications for public policy, as disclosure requirements are a major issue for many countries.
Longing for belonging: Feeling loved (or not) and why it matters
Authors: Ali Sumbleen , Rohner Ronald P. , Britner Preston A. , Jahn Andrew 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study tested the hypothesis that adults who report having been unloved/rejected in childhood are likely to show greater activation in specific brain regions than adults who report a history of parental love/acceptance.BackgroundInterpersonal acceptance‐rejection theory (IPARTheory) argues that a specific set of effects of perceived parental acceptance and rejection appear with such near invariance across populations worldwide that it is likely that they are related to humankind's common biocultural evolution. If this is true, specific brain mechanisms are likely to differentially characterize responses to parental acceptance versus rejection.MethodUsing fMRI, the study experimentally manipulated rejection during a computer‐based ball‐toss game among 40 young adults. One group reported having been loved/accepted by both parents in childhood and self‐reported being psychologically well‐adjusted (AcceptedAdjusted, n = 20). The other group reported having been unloved/rejected by both parents in childhood and self‐reported being psychologically maladjusted (RejectedMaladjusted, n = 20).ResultsMembers of the RejectedMaladjusted group—as compared to members of the AcceptedAdjusted group—had increased activation in the posterior cingulate cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, insula, cuneus, precuneus, and amygdala. These brain regions critically support emotion processing.ConclusionThis study provides a foundation for understanding neural mechanisms underlying emotion processing, as influenced by adults' memories of parental love or lack of love (acceptance‐rejection) in childhood.ImplicationsFindings may help clinicians and practitioners design therapeutic interventions that can lead to structural and functional changes in brain areas associated with emotion regulation, possibly counteracting some of the negative effects of early emotional trauma.
Efficacy of administering a sugar‐free flavor before dental injections on pain perception in children: A split‐mouth randomized crossover clinical trial
Authors: Al‐Batayneh Ola B. , Abu‐Abbas Razan , Al‐Saleh Majd 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundSweet taste administration before dental injections helps to control associated pain in children.AimTo evaluate the efficacy of using a sugar‐free flavor on pain perception during dental injections.DesignChildren (n = 84) aged 4–9 (mean 6.71 ± 1.55) years who required buccal infiltration bilaterally participated in this split‐mouth randomized crossover study. On the test side (flavor visit), infiltration injections were applied after receiving a sugar‐free flavor. On the control side (no flavor visit), sterile water was administered. Demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), and sweet taste preference (STP) were recorded. Pain perception during injection was measured using heart rate (HR), sound, eyes, and motor (SEM) scale, and Wong–Baker Faces pain scale (WBFPS).ResultsMost children had healthy weight (72.6%) and equal STP (32.1%). In the test side, mean HR during injection, HR differences before and during injection, and SEM scores were significantly lower (p < .001, for all). There was no significant difference in the WBFPS between both visits. Flavor had a significant effect on pain reduction (p = .001 for HR, p = .000 for SEM), whereas age, gender, BMI, STP, and treatment side did not. Treatment sequence had a significant effect on total SEM scores (p = .021); children who received the flavor during their first visit had lower SEM scores.ConclusionUsing a sugar‐free flavor before dental injections helps in reducing associated pain in children.
Retinoic acid drives hair follicle stem cell activation via Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Wen Lihong , Fan Zhexiang , Huang Weichang , Miao Yong , Zhang Jiarui , Liu Bingcheng , Zhu Decong , Dai Damao , Zhang Jiaxian , Le Demengjie , Zhang Yufan , Qu Qian , Hu Zhiqi , Chen Ruosi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDepletion or permanent quiescence of the hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) pool underlies pathogenesis in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Reactivation of quiescent HFSCs is considered an efficient treatment strategy for hair loss. The retinoic acid (RA) is critical to ensure stem cell homeostasis and function. However, little is known about whether RA regulates HFSC homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the impact of RA on HFSC homeostasis and the underlying mechanisms, in order to provide new potential targets for medical therapies of AGA.MethodsMicrodissected hair follicles from the occipital and frontal scalp in AGA were obtained for RNA sequencing analysis and test. The C57BL/6 mice model in telogen was established to investigate the effect of exogenous RA. Miniaturized hair follicles from frontal scalp were incubated with or without RA in hair follicle organ culture to test the effects on hair shaft elongation, hair cycling and HFSC activities. A strategy to characterize the effect of RA on HFSC in primary culture was developed to identify novel mechanisms that control HFSC activation. A clinical study was performed to test the efficacy of RA treatment in AGA patients.ResultsRA signalling was inhibited in the course of AGA pathogenesis along with HFSC dysfunction. Hair regeneration was retarded in AGA miniaturized hair follicles with RA deficiency, but they tended to recover after treatment with RA. In addition, RA treatment during the telogen phase facilitated HFSC anagen entry and accelerated hair growth. Mechanistically, RA promoted hair growth by stimulating stem cells via Wnt/β‐catenin signalling and accelerating the transition from a dormant to an activated state. Furthermore, a clinical study suggested that RA has obvious advantages in the early intervention of AGA by reactivating HFSCs.ConclusionsOur study provides insights into the reactivation of HFSCs in AGA and provides potential targets for medical therapies.