bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Capacity, Anthocyanin Content Profile in ‘Bluecrop’ Blueberry Fruit
Authors: Krupa Tomasz , Tomala Kazimierz 
Published: May 2008

Antioxidant Capacity, Anthocyanin Content Profile in ‘Bluecrop’ Blueberry Fruit
Mature ‘Bluecrop’ berries, with no visible damage on the fruit surface, were picked by hand and placed in a common cold storage (as control) and under CA conditions consisting of 8 different CO2:O2 ratios (12:1.5, 12:3, 12:6, 12:12 and 18:1.5, 18:3, 18:6, 18:12) at 0°C. HPLC was used to separate and determine individual anthocyanin compounds in blueberry fruit. ‘Bluecrop’ blueberries contained 14 anthocyanins: glycosides of delphinidin, cyanidin, peonidin, petunidin and malvidin all with sugar bound at the 3-position. Generally, the content of anthocyanin compounds in fruit was the highest after 2 or 4-week storage. Total anthocyanin content was significantly higher in berries stored under CA condition, especially under low oxygen concentration, as compared with those placed in common cold storage, and CO2 concentration does not have any effect. Antioxidant activity strongly correlated with total anthocyanin content, delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-galactoside, delphinidin-3-arabinoside, petunidin-3-glucoside, petunidin-3-galactoside and with firmness, but slightly correlated with soluble solids and titratable acidity.
Influence of Cultivar and Storage Time on the Content of Higher Fatty Acids in Apple Cuticle
Authors: Simčič Marjan , Kadunc Melita , Hribar Janez , Vidrih Rajko 
Published: May 2008

Influence of Cultivar and Storage Time on the Content of Higher Fatty Acids in Apple Cuticle
The main objective was to determine the fatty acid composition on the surface of apple peel and in seeds. 7 apple cultivars were used: Elstar, Fuji, Gloster, Idared, Jonagold, Pink Lady and Golden Delicious. Apple seeds contain from 8.4% to 15% of water and from 17.1% to 28.0% (f.w.) of fat. The fatty acid content in seeds ranged as follows: linoleic (55.9-62.3), oleic (23.9-30.7%), palmitic (7.1-9.3%), stearic (1.6-2.3%), arachidic (1.2-1.6%), linolenic (0.4-0.7%. Linolic acid is prevalent fatty acid on peel as well. Ratio of linolenic acid on peel is up to 30 fold higher than in seeds. Saturated palmitic and stearic fatty acid ratio is considerably higher in peel than in seeds while is the ratio of oleic acid nearly the same as in seeds. During storage of apples the ratio of palmitic and oleic acid increases, while ratio of linoleic acid considerably decreases.
Biological Variation in Ripening of Nectarines
Authors: Tijskens L. , Zerbini P. , Schouten R. 
Published: May 2008

Biological Variation in Ripening of Nectarines
The optimal harvest date of nectarines can no longer be based on the colour since newer cultivars have an intensive blush, even in the unripe stage. Measuring the absorption of the fruit flesh by Time Resolved Spectroscopy (TRS) at 670 nm, provide information on the ripening stage and the variation in ripening stages of batches of fruit. Since each individual fruit is harvested and measured at some arbitrary stage of development, the analysis of the data gathered was based on the system of the biological shift factor (Tijskens et al. 2005) applying non-linear mixed effects regression analysis. The results show that μa, and therefore also the fruit flesh colour and chlorophyll content, change according a sigmoidal pattern, which was approximated with a symmetrical logistic function. The explained parts obtained (R2
adj) were about 0.97 for storage at 20°C and about 0.86 at 10°C. The rather large variation on apparent behaviour between individual fruit, each with its own stage of development, was nicely taken care of by the system of the biological shift factor. During ripening, the distribution of the biological shift factor was constant and normal, while the distribution of μa changed. Also that change in distribution over time is nicely described by the system and models used.
Suitability of Entec 26 as a Source of Nitrogen for Red Beet and Celeriac
Authors: Kołota Eugeniusz , Adamczewska-Sowińska Katarzyna , Krężel Jan 
Published: May 2008

Suitability of Entec 26 as a Source of Nitrogen for Red Beet and Celeriac
Entec 26 a new concept nitrogen fertilizer containing DMPP nitrification inhibitor was evaluated as a source of N for red beet and celeriac in field studies conducted in 2003-2006. In experiments with red beet there were determined the effects of the use of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, calcium nitrate and Entec 26 applied in the amounts of 50, 100, 150, 100 + 50 kg N·ha-1 in cultivation for bunches, and additionally 200 kg N·ha-1 for storage purpose. In the study with celeriac ammonium nitrate was supplied in split doses of 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg N·ha-1, while Entec 26 at the same rates as preplant or split application.
Results of the study showed that Entec 26 was equally valuable source of N for red beet as ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate and more efficient than ammonium sulphate. In experiment with celeriac, plants supplied with this fertilizer in split doses overyielded those receiving ammonium nitrate in the same amounts. The important advantageous effect of Entec 26 use was a considerable reduction of nitrates accumulation in red beet grown for bunches and in celeriac roots.
The Effect of Different Source of Iron on Nutritional Value of Greenhouse Tomato Fruit Grown in Peat Substrate
Authors: Chohura Piotr , Kołota Eugeniusz , Komosa Andrzej 
Published: May 2008

The Effect of Different Source of Iron on Nutritional Value of Greenhouse Tomato Fruit Grown in Peat Substrate
The aim of the investigations conducted in 2005-2006 was to estimate the effect of different kind of iron chelates: Fe 8 Forte (EDTA), Top 13 (EDTA+DTPA) and Librel Fe DP7 (DTPA) and iron concentration 50, 75 and 100 mg Fe·dm-3 in growing medium on the yield and fruit quality of greenhouse tomato cv. 'Merkury F1'. Tomato plants were grown in peat substrate produced by Hartmann, which characterized natural low iron content. The experiment was set up in two factorial design in three replications. One plot covered 6 plants grown in spacing 0.6x0.5 m, plant population was 3.0 per 1 m2. The best yield of greenhouse tomato cv. 'Merkury F1' was recorded when Fe 8 Forte in 75 mg Fe·dm-3 while Fe 13 Top and Librel Fe DP7 in concentration of 100 mg Fe·dm-3 were used. There was not recorded any strongly effect of tested fertilizers and iron concentration in substrate on the nutritional value of fruits.
Response of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) to Selenium in Nutrient Solution Contaminated with Nickel
Authors: Hawrylak Barbara , Matraszek Renata , Szymańska Maria 
Published: May 2008

Response of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) to Selenium in Nutrient Solution Contaminated with Nickel
The influence of two selenium concentrations (5 and 20 μM) on crop yield, the content of chlorophyll, carotenoids and anthocyanins, as well as accumulation of nickel, selenium and sulphur were studied in the leaves of 50 μM Ni-stressed lettuce plants. Experiments were carried out in water cultures. The obtained results suggest that selenium at concentration of 5 μM in nickel contaminated medium positively affected plants by stimulating their growth, increasing the concentration of assimilation pigments, and thereby at least partially prevented the toxic effect of nickel excess. Moreover, in plants enrichment with selenium a higher increase in content of chlorophyll a than b as well as a higher concentration of carotenoids were found. On the other hand, selenium affected a greater nickel uptake by lettuce plants.
Effect of Weedy Background on Occurrence and Effectiveness of Aphidophagous Syrphid Larvae in Reduction of Black Bean Aphid (Aphis Fabae Scop.)
Authors: Pobożniak Maria 
Published: May 2008

Effect of Weedy Background on Occurrence and Effectiveness of Aphidophagous Syrphid Larvae in Reduction of Black Bean Aphid (Aphis Fabae Scop.)
The relation between the degree of the soil coverage by weeds and the occurrence of aphidophagous syrphid larvae in colonies of black bean aphid on red beet cultivation was analysed over the period 1997-2000. The different degree of the weediness was obtained by varying the frequency of weeding on particular plots. In combination A the plots were continuously kept weed-free during the whole vegetation season, in B weeds were removed three times, in C weeds were removed twice and in combination D weeds were not removed. It was found that the greatest number of predatory syrphid larvae was noticed in the combination kept weed-free and weeded three times, where also the most intensive occurrence of Aphis fabae Scop. was noticed. The combinations weeded three times and two times created the best conditions for the effectiveness of the predatory Syrphidae which larvae feeding in the colonies of Aphis fabae Scop.
Sugar Content in Spears Versus Asparagus Yielding
Authors: Krzesiński Włodzimierz , Stachowiak Jerzy , Gąsecka Monika , Knaflewski Mikołaj 
Published: May 2008

Sugar Content in Spears Versus Asparagus Yielding
This research was focused on determination of the correlation between soluble sugar content in green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) spears and yield. In 2000-2002, green spears of the cultivar 'Thielim' were cut every day from the end of April to the middle of June. Sucrose, glucose, and fructose content was determined every 10-14 days by means of an HPLC method. The content of fructose was not correlated but the ratio of fructose to glucose content was positively correlated with the yield (r=0.92). When the ratio of fructose to glucose content in spears increased by 0.13, the yield increased by about 1 t·ha-1. Content of glucose, sucrose and soluble sugar were negatively correlated with yield (r = -0.76 r = -0.77 and -0.79, respectively). When glucose, sucrose and soluble sugar content in spears decreased by 0.29 mg·g-1, 0.20 mg·g-1 and 0.85 mg·g-1, respectively, the yield increased by about 1 t·ha-1. During the first twenty days of harvest the calculated amount of soluble sugar accumulated in harvested spears was correlated with the yield in the remaining harvest period as well as in the whole harvest season. The effect of temperature and solar radiation on the yield and sugar content in spears is discussed in the paper.
Sensory Quality and Consumer Liking of Carrot Cultivars of Different Genotype
Authors: Szymczak Paweł , Gajewski Marek , Radzanowska Jadwiga , Dąbrowska Aleksandra 
Published: May 2008

Sensory Quality and Consumer Liking of Carrot Cultivars of Different Genotype
The aim of this work was to determine sensory quality differentiation in various carrot cultivars of different genotype - with orange, purple and yellow storage roots. Consumer's test for liking carrots was performed in order to find consumer's preference level for carrots types and to determine the relationship between sensory profiles and consumer's attitude to carrots. An approach was also done to find correlations between descriptors of sensory quality and liking level, and to determine which sensory quality descriptors significantly affect overall sensory quality impression. The two-year studies were carried out in Warsaw Agricultural University in 2005-2006. Carrots were grown on the experimental field of the University. Eight cultivars of different storage root colour and shape were chosen: 'Perfekcja', 'Interceptor', 'Vita Longa', 'Nebula', 'Deep Purple', 'Purple Haze', 'Mello Yello', 'White Satin'. The trained panel, consisting of 12 persons, carried out the evaluation, using the quantitative descriptive analysis method (QDA). At the first part of QDA procedure, experts generated a set of 13 descriptors for odour, appearance, texture and flavour/taste of carrot. Consumer test of carrots liking was also performed by 65-person group of volunteers in different age of both sexes. For this evaluation non-structural scale was also used, with anchoring points: 'I do not like it' - 'I like it very much'. Consumer liking for colour, flavour and overall liking was evaluated. Principal component analysis and regression analysis were performed on obtained data. Results show large differentiation of sensory traits of investigated cultivars. The biggest influence on overall quality exerted off-odour intensity, flesh firmness, flavour of raw carrot intensity, bitter taste and off-flavour intensity. Consumer's preference was also differentiated and highest scores for liking got orange coloured cultivars. In respect of flavour liking, 'Perfekcja', 'Interceptor' and 'Nebula' were the most desired cultivars by consumers of both sexes, and 'Mello Yello' was the lowest desired cultivar. There were small differences in preference between females and males. Flavour liking of carrots was strongly and positively correlated with flesh juiciness and crunchiness of roots.
Effect of Temperature and Controlled Atmosphere on the Storage of Fruit from Long-Life Tomatoes
Authors: Wrzodak Anna , Adamicki Franciszek 
Published: May 2008

Effect of Temperature and Controlled Atmosphere on the Storage of Fruit from Long-Life Tomatoes
In the years 2003-2005, experiments were carried out, the aim of which was to determine the suitability for storage of greenhouse LSL (long shelf life) tomato cultivars: Habana F1, Zafiro F1, Strada F1, Antinea F1, Graziella F1, Durinta F1, Kripton F1, and one control cultivar Faustine F1, grown on stakes in field conditions.
In the first part of the experiment, red and breaker fruits of the tomato cultivars were stored in normal air at 12.5°C and 20°C. After 4 weeks of storing the LSL tomato fruits, the temperature of 12.5°C was found to be the more favourable one. Breaker fruits of the cultivars Habana F1 and Strada F1 stored the best, with those of Faustine F1 also keeping relatively well, as the resulting market value of those fruits was high and weight loss small. Fruits of the cultivars Durinta F1 and Antinea F1 were not suitable for storage over periods longer than 2-3 weeks because they were severely affected by grey mould.
In the second part of the experiment, mature green fruits of three cultivars: Faustine F1, Habana F1 and Strada F1, were stored in controlled atmospheres containing: 5% CO2 - 3% O2, 2.5% CO2 - 3% O2, 0% CO2 - 2% O2, for a period of 8 weeks at a temperature of 12.5°C. For comparison, fruits of the same cultivars were also stored at 12.5°C in normal air. In 2004, the cultivar Habana F1 had the smallest weight loss at all the gaseous concentrations used, and the best fruit quality after further storage in air at 20°C. In the years 2003 and 2005, it was found that, respectively, 50% and 80% of the fruits of all the cultivars had been affected by grey mould while in storage under the controlled atmosphere conditions.
Storage life of the cultivars Habana F1, Strada F1 and Faustine F1, whose mature green and breaker fruits were kept at 12.5°C in air, was also compared. It was found that mature green fruits were characterized by smaller weight loss, a higher market value and better storage life in comparison with breaker fruits.
The Effect of Pre-Harvest Treatment with Fungicide on the Storage Potential of Root Vegetables
Authors: Robak Józef , Adamicki Franciszek 
Published: May 2008

The Effect of Pre-Harvest Treatment with Fungicide on the Storage Potential of Root Vegetables
The results of experiments conducted over many years indicate that proper agrotechnical methods of cultivating root vegetables (carrot, parsley, and celeriac) such as while proper crop rotation, fertilization, and optimal storage conditions effects the quality and storage potential of these vegetables, while preharvest protection did not have a significant effect on storage life and the occurrence of fungal diseases during long-term storage.
The highest effectiveness in pre-harvest protection of the studied vegetable species against alternaria leaf blight on carrot, powdery mildew on parsley, and septoria leaf spot on celeriac was exhibited by: azoxystrobin, azoxystrobin + chlorotalonil, and pyraclostrobin + boscalid, which proved to be highly effective in preventing infection with storage diseases (over 90%), and had a beneficial effect on the storage life of these vegetable roots in comparison with unprotected objects. Significantly lower effectiveness in pre-harvest protection and smaller effect on storage life was shown by natural fungicidal products (chitosan, orange oil, melaleuca oil). Although they showed lower effectiveness, they can be recommended for use in the integrated and ecological systems of producing root vegetables for long-term storage.
Effect of Neem Treeextract on Heteroptera Bugs Occurrence in Bean Grown for Seeds
Authors: Kołosowski Sławomir 
Published: May 2008

Effect of Neem Treeextract on Heteroptera Bugs Occurrence in Bean Grown for Seeds
The evaluation of natural and chemical pesticides in Heteroptera bugs control was carried out in the field experiment conducted during 2003-2005 at Skierniewice. Lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate 025 EC) registered for Heteroptera bugs control in conventional cultivation of bean and Neem Tree extract (Neem Azal TS) recommended for organic farming were examined.
During the three years of experiment the highest population out of the whole Heteroptera bugs made Lygus rugulipennis, 92.4-96.1% in dependence on the year. Though the percentage of the mentioned species was almost similar in all years, still the number of caught insects differed in years from 735 to 1231 adults respectively. The differences in the bugs occurrence according to the year were significant. In 2003 the number of all Heteroptera species found during the whole vegetation season was the lowest and made 782 specimen as compared to 2004 when the total number of all Heteroptera bugs was 1332 specimen. In consequence the yield of bean seeds was the most seriously damaged in 2004.
Both treatments significantly limited the number of Heteroptera bugs at the time of bean flowering and pot setting as compared to untreated control. Both pesticides reduced the amount of damaged seeds and the efficacy of the treatment increased as the number of application increased from once till three times treatment.
Investment Climate and Foreign Direct Investment Trends in the South Caucasus and Central Asia
Authors: Penev Slavica 
Published: May 2008

Investment Climate and Foreign Direct Investment Trends in the South Caucasus and Central AsiaThis paper analyzes and compares investment climates and trends in the South Caucasus and Central Asia. The analyses and comparisons were conducted in view of the impacts of transitional progress, economic development, and the energy reserves from these regions on the inflow of foreign direct investment. Improvement of the investment climate by accelerating the transition process and reducing investment risks can be seen as the most important determinants of FDI inflows into the countries of these two regions. Structural diversification of South Caucasian and Central Asian natural resource-based economies would be essential in ending dependence on the energy and mining sectors and would have positive long-term effects on economic growth and the investment climate, and attract other, additional types of FDI.
GSIM Measurement of the Effects of the EU accession of the Balkans and Turkey on Agricultural Trade
Authors: Holzner Mario 
Published: May 2008

GSIM Measurement of the Effects of the EU accession of the Balkans and Turkey on Agricultural Trade
In this paper, the global simulation model (GSIM) for the analysis of global, regional, and unilateral trade policy changes by Francois and Hall (2003) was applied to the agricultural trade between the EU, the Balkans and Turkey. This was done in order to measure the effects of an EU accession of the Balkans and Turkey. Most of the changes in welfare after a full liberalisation of agricultural trade between the Balkans and Turkey on the one hand and the EU on the other hand can be expected in the accession countries themselves. It is estimated that incumbent EU members will be affected only to a minor extent. It was also estimated that the exchange rate risk is not very high.
Is Gold a Hedge Against Turkish Lira?
Authors: Ozturk Feride , Acikalin Sezgin 
Published: May 2008

Is Gold a Hedge Against Turkish Lira?This paper investigates whether gold is an internal hedge and/or an external hedge against Turkish lira (TL) by using monthly data from January 1995 to November 2006. Cointegration test results confirm the long-term relationships between the gold price and consumer price index and between the gold price and TL/US dollar exchange rate. The Granger Tests, based on vector error correction model (VECM), indicate that gold price Granger causes the consumer price index and TL/US dollar exchange rate in a unidirectional way. It is concluded that gold acts as an effective hedge against potential future TL depreciation and rising domestic inflation. Furthermore, gold price may be considered as a good indicator of inflation and hence it can be used as a guide to monetary policy.
The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism is Associated with Pregnancy Miscarriage and Placental Insufficiency
Authors: Bespalova O , Ivashchenko T , Tarasenko O , Demin G , Ajlamazjan E , Baranov V 
Published: May 2008

The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism is Associated with Pregnancy Miscarriage and Placental InsufficiencyResearch of past decades has shown that pregnancy miscarriage (PM) and placental insufficiency (PI) underlie severe obstetric pathologies that result in complications of fetal development. The occurrence of PI developed during previous PMs varied from 47.6 to 77.3%. Pregnancy miscarriage can be considered to be the clinical manifestation of PI, which is a common complication in women with a previous history of PM. Endothelial dysfunction in the mother and in the fetoplacental complex are basic causes of PI. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a key role in maintenance of proper balance between vasoconstriction and vasodilatation of blood vessels, and thus, in blood pressure regulation. DNA samples were genotyped for insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. This study shows that the frequency of allele I of the ACE gene in DNA samples from placentae of the women with PM and PI (group 4) is twice as high than in the placentae of women with a PM history but without PI in the current pregnancy (group 3) (64.6 and 30.4%, respectively, p <0.001). Odds ratio (OR) analyses showed that the D/D genotype in placentae increases by 3-fold the risk of PI in women negative for PM history. The presence of the I/I genotype in patients positive for PM history increases the risk of PI 2.6-fold. It is concluded that the D/D genotype in placentae correlates with increased risk of PI in women negative for PM history, whereas the I/I genotype is a risk factor for PI in patients positive for PM history.