bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SITES OF METYRAPONE INHIBITION OF STEROID BIOSYNTHESIS BY RAT ADRENAL MITOCHONDRIA
Authors: Carballeira Andres , Cheng Su Chiau , Fishman Lawrence M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rat adrenal mitochondrial preparations supplemented with an NADPH-generating system were incubated with various labelled substrates in order to evaluate further the action of metyrapone on the utilization of cholesterol for steroid biosynthesis1). The formation of pregnenolone from [4-14C] cholesterol (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 μCi) in 5, 10 and 15 min incubations was decreased by 72–82 % in the presence of metyrapone (0.5 mm). Similarly, the generation of labelled side chain fragments from [26-14C]-cholesterol was depressed 36–42 % by 0.2 mm metyrapone and 65–70 % by 1.0 mm inhibitor during 30, 60 and 90 min incubations. Metyrapone inhibition of the side chain cleavage was not observed, however, if cholesterol was replaced as substrate by its C-20 hydroxylated analog: The formation of pregnenolone from [7-3H]20α-hydroxycholesterol (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 μCi), also an NADPH-mediated mitochondrial reaction, was not affected by similar concentrations of metyrapone, indicating that the inhibition observed with cholesterol as substrate is not related to non-specific toxic effects, to interference with NADPH generation or to impairment of NADPH function in the mitochondrial electron transport system. Parallel incubations with [4-14C] 11-deoxycorticosterone and with [4-14C] cholesterol over a wide range of inhibitor concentrations (0.01–1.0 mm) demonstrated that the effects of metyrapone on 11β-hydroxylation and on the side chain cleavage were dose-related; at low concentrations, however, metyrapone was a more potent inhibitor of 11β-hydroxylation than of cholesterol conversion to pregnenolone. These studies demonstrate clearly in the rat adrenal the dual inhibitory effect of metyrapone sug-gested by previous in vivo and in vitro observations in man.
SPERM DISTRIBUTION IN FEMALE RABBITS: THE EFFECT OF OVARIAN STEROIDS
Authors: Morton D. B. , Fitzpatrick R. J. , Glover T. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestradiol benzoate, progesterone and 20α-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20α-OH) were injected into ovariectomized rabbits and after either 4 or 5 days the rabbits were inseminated with a standardized inseminate, killed at 2 and 10 h after insemination and the number of spermatozoa in the vagina, cervix, uterus and oviducts was evaluated. The oestrogen increased the number of spermatozoa recovered from the cervix, uterus and oviduct compared with the control ovariectomized group receiving no hormonal treatment. The progestagens, on the other hand, tended to inhibit sperm transport through the cervix depending on the amount given. Injection of both oestrogen and progesterone simultaneously, illustrated their antagonistic actions. The effect of circulating progestagens on sperm transport during oestrus and pseudopregnancy is discussed, as well as their effects on the formation of the cervical reservoir.
NORMAL MANGANESE CONCENTRATIONS IN HUMAN SERUM
Authors: Versieck J. , Barbier F. , Speecke A. , Hoste J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma manganese concentrations of healthy women have recently been published in this journal (Hagenfeldt et al. 1973). It appears that these values (0.18–0.32 μg/100 ml) are several times higher than those found in plasma and serum by Cotzias et al. (1966) (0.0587 ± 0.0183 μg/100 ml). We determined by neutron activation analysis the serum manganese levels in 25 normal females and 25 normal males. No significant difference was found between the two groups. The overall concentration average was 0.057 μg/100 ml and the standard deviation 0.013 μg/100 ml. Higher values as reported by other investigators are apparently due to contaminations.
PHENOLIC METABOLITES OF DL-NORGESTREL: A METHOD FOR THE REMOVAL OF 1-HYDROXYLATED METABOLITES, POTENTIAL SOURCES OF PHENOLIC ARTIFACTS
Authors: Sisenwine Samuel F. , Liu Ann L. , Kimmel Hazel B. , Ruelius Hans W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The identification of 1β-hydroxynorgestrel among the urinary metabolites of dl-norgestrel and the facile transformation of this compound under mild alkaline conditions to a potentially oestrogenic phenol provide an experimental basis for the conclusion advanced by others that the oestrogens present in the urine of subjects treated with synthetic progestens are artifacts formed during analytical work-up. A method has been devised which eliminates 1-hydroxylated metabolites as potential sources of phenolic artifacts. This method is based on the reduction by NaBH4 of the 1-hydroxy-4-en-3-one grouping in the A ring thereby excluding the possibility of aromatization during later fractionation on a basic ion exchange resin that separates neutral from phenolic metabolites. In the urines of women treated with 14C-dl-nogestrel, only 0.17–0.27% of the dose is found to have phenolic properties when this method is used. Two of the phenolic metabolites, 18-homoethynyloestradiol and 16β-hydroxy-18-homoethynyloestradiol, are present in amounts smaller than 0.01 % of the dose. Without the reduction steps the percentages are noticeably higher, indicating artifact formation under alkaline conditions. Similar results were obtained with urines from African Green Monkeys (Cercopithecus Aethiops) that had been dosed with 14C-dl-norgestrel. Radiolabelled 18-homoethynyloestradiol and 16β-hydroxy-18-homoethynyloestradiol were isolated from monkey urine and their identity confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
SEQUENTIAL STUDY OF THE IMPAIRMENT OF THYROID FUNCTION IN THE EARLY STAGE OF SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS
Authors: Glinoer Daniel , Puttemans Nicole , Van Herle André J. , Camus Monique , Ermans André M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A sequential study of various parameters of thyroid metabolism has been carried out in 2 patients during the weeks following the clinical onset of subacute thyroiditis, the aim being to define the nature and extent of the anomalies of thyroid function. In the early stage, serum thyroxine, protein bound iodine and T3 resin uptake levels were in the thyrotoxic range. In both cases, the serum thyroxine values further decreased with a half-life of 7 days and reached the hypothyroid range at the 6–7th week. Both 131I uptake and TSH plasma levels were found to be low and concomitantly rose at the 6–7th week. In one patient the serum thyroglobulin level was strikingly elevated at the beginning and then fell fairly rapidly; however in both patients, the serum thyroglobulin values remained abnormal. The present study confirmed the concept of a sudden release of preformed hormone stores. Furthermore, the following points were evident: a) marked and transient release of thyroglobulin; b) interruption of the secretory activity during at least 7 weeks; c) adequate functioning of the pituitary-thyroid control mechanism and d) partial recovery of the thyroidal iodine uptake at a time when the hormone secretion was still undetectable.
MEASUREMENTS OF SERUM TRIIODOTHYRONINE BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY
Authors: Kirkegaard C. , Friis Th. , Siersbæk-Nielsen K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A radioimmunoassay of serum T3 was developed displacing T3 from the thyroxine binding proteins by merthiolate. Separation of the free and the antibody bound fraction was accomplished by the use of dextran-coated charcoal. The addition of 14 mg BSA was shown to diminish the adsorption of the antibody bound fraction to charcoal.
In 90 controls serum T3 was 1.33 ± sd 0.29 ng/ml. None of 94 hyperthyroid patients had serum T3 values within normal range, whereas 12% of 34 hypothyroid patients had normal serum T3 values.
The T4:T3 ratio in serum was found to be 67.0 ± sd 11.9 in normals, while the ratio was significantly (P < 0.001) decreased as well in hyperthyroid as in hypothyroid patients.
The discriminant value of serum T3 was found to be superior to T4 in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, whereas serum T4 was found to be better with regard to hypothyroidism. However, correction of the influence of different TBG levels by calculating free T4 index and free T3 index showed that both parameters almost completely separated normals from patients with untreated hyperthyroidism, respectively hypothyroidism.
APPLICATION OF WICK CHROMATOGRAPHY TO THE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF PEPTIDE HORMONES AND OTHER POLYPEPTIDES
Authors: Bansal D. D. , Bajaj S. , Vallance-Owen J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Wick chromatography has been used for assessment of iodination damage as well as for the separation of free from the antibody bound fraction of five polypeptides (insulin, A and B chains of insulin, glucagon and gastrin). The study shows that this technique should be destricted to basic polypeptides (insulin, B-chain of insulin and glucagon) and that the method cannot be applied to the radioimmunoassay of acidic polypeptides (gastrin and A-chain of insulin).
THE EFFECTS OF OESTROGENS ON THE LYSOSOMES OF RAT VAGINAL EPITHELIUM; A HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY
Authors: Nozawa Shiro , Kurihara Soju , Tsutsui Fumio , Watanabe Keiichi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Enzyme histochemical changes of the lysosomal enzymes (N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, β-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase) were investigated in the rat vaginal epithelium after oestrogen administration (oestradiol-17β and oestriol). The enhancement in the activity of the lysosomal enzymes and their diffuse appearance in the stratum granulosum of the vaginal epithelium was observed up to the cornification layer. Subsequently, the cornified layer and the uppermost epithelial cell layer were detached from the remainder of the epithelium. These phenomena were moderately well suppressed by the administration of cortisol, a lysosome stabilizer. The mechanism of formation of the cornified layer and its subsequent detachment is discussed with special reference to the lysosome labilizing effect of oestrogens.
DIENCEPHALIC INVOLVEMENT IN GENERALIZED LIPODYSTROPHY: RATIONALE AND TREATMENT WITH THE NEUROLEPTIC AGENT, PIMOZIDE
Authors: Corbin Alan , Upton G. Virginia , Mabry C. C. , Hollingsworth Dorothy R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Our results indicate that generalized lipodystrophy (GLD) possesses as one of its manifestations, diencephalic neuroendocrinopathy. It has been postulated that deranged hypothalamic catecholaminergic mechanisms lead to the hypersecretion of hypophysiotrophic hormones that are detectable in the peripheral circulation. Initial treatment of a pre-puberal GLD patient with chlorpromazine was unrewarding. Chronic treatment of the same patients with the selective dopaminergic blocking agent, pimozide, eliminated corticotrophin releasing factor and luteinizing hormone releasing factor activities from the general circulation. Pimozide treatment ameliorated most of the distorted blood chemistry profile, led to return of facial subcutaneous fat, and elimination of cutaneous hyperpigmentation, fever, abdominal pain, hypertrichosis, oilness of hair, scaliness of skin and to a state of general well-being.
The results of these studies, structured within the framework of our present knowledge concerning hypothalamic neurotransmitter/releasing hormone physiology, support the concept of diencephalic involvement in GLD and may provide a guideline to effective therapy.
L-DOPA INDUCED GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION. COMPARISON WITH INSULIN TOLERANCE TEST, ARGININE INFUSION AND SLEEP INDUCED GH-SECRETION
Authors: Lucke C. , Höffken B. , Morgner K. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma growth hormone (GH) levels following oral stimulation with 500 mg of L-dopa were determined and compared with those following arginine infusion, insulin tolerance test (ITT) and sleep induced secretion. Peak values following L-dopa were 13.3 ± 2.5 ng/ml and not different from those following arginine (16.4 ± 3. 3ng/ml) and those during nocturnal sleep (14.7 ± 1.2 ng/ml), but significantly less than GH peaks during ITT (24.9 ± 3.4 ng/ml). The rate of false negative results to L-dopa was 15% and seems to be higher than following other stimuli. – In contrast to the stimulatory effect in healthy subjects L-dopa had a suppressive effect on the GH levels in 4 patients with acromegaly.
INHIBITION BY PROPYLTHIOURACIL OF THE EXTRATHYROIDAL FORMATION OF TRIIODOTHYRONINE FROM THYROXINE
Authors: Bernal J. , del Rey F. Escobar 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroidectomized rats were injected daily with 1.9 μg/100 g body weight of 125I-labelled L-thyroxine (T*4). When isotopic equilibrium was attained, half the experimental group was injected twice with 2 mg of propylthiouracil at a 24 h interval. Animals were killed 7 h after the last dose and the amounts of T*4 and labelled iodide and T3 in peripheral tissues were determined after extraction and paper chromatography. The amount of T3 derived from T4 is significantly lower in tissues of rats receiving PTU.
RENAL TUBULAR LOCALIZATION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE INDUCED URINARY CYCLIC ADENOSINE 3′,5′-MONOPHOSPHATE
Authors: Scurry Murphy T. , Pauk George L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Stop-flow studies were done in three dogs before and after a parathyroid hormone (PTH) infusion. The urine cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) to inulin U/P ratios did not change during the control stop-flow but with PTH rose sharply and significantly in the proximal tubular samples. The rise in cyclic AMP to inulin U/P ratios was correlated with the fall in phosphorus concentration in the same samples. The PTH induced urinary cyclic AMP enters the tubular fluid in the same proximal area of the tubule in which PTH is known to affect phosphate reabsorption.
HORMONE AND ENZYME ASSAYS IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Christensen Arne , Frøyshov Dag , Fylling Petter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A comparative study of human chorionic somatomammotrophin (HCS), placental cystine-aminopeptidase (P-CAP), progesterone and total urinary oestrogens (Oe) in pregnancies complicated with essential hypertension, mild or severe pre-eclampsia was performed.
No significant reduction in the 4 parameters could be demonstrated in cases complicated with essential hypertension.
In cases complicated with mild pre-eclampsia, however, a significant reduction was found in the HCS (P < 0.001) and P-CAP (0.01 <P < 0.02) but not in the urinary oestrogen values (0.1 < P < 0.2). A tendency to increased progesterone values could be demonstrated. Furthermore, in those cases of mild pre-eclampsia associated with a birth weight below the 10 percentile, the HCS and P-CAP assays proved to be more sensitive than the urinary oestrogen assay. No influence upon the progesterone levels was observed in these cases.
On the other hand, in pregnancies complicated with severe pre-eclampsia the HCS, P-CAP and urinary oestrogen values were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) but not the progesterone values (P > 0.5). Again, when severe pre-eclampsia was associated with low birth weight, HCS and P-CAP were the most reliable tests.
Based upon the HCS, P-CAP and the urinary oestrogen readings placental and foeto-placental scores were introduced.
The placental score provided valuable information concerning the viability of the infants but no additional information was obtained by the foetoplacental score. The results indicated that simultaneous measurements of HCS and P-CAP as a placental function test and total urinary oestrogens as a foeto-placental test contribute reliable information in pregnancies complicated with pre-eclampsia. The measurement of progesterone could not be recommended as a test for the placental function.
EFFECT OF PREGNANCY ON CYTOPLASMIC AND MITOCHONDRIAL ENZYMES IN HUMAN AND ANIMAL MYOMETRIUM
Authors: Geyer Helmut , Riebschläger Michael 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An investigation was made on the influence of pregnancy on the specific activities of cytoplasmic (lactate dehydrogenase2), cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase) and mitochondrial enzymes (glutamate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, cytochrome-c-oxidase) in the human and animal myometrium. The activities were related to DNA.
The specific activities of all the investigated enzymes increased. This rise in activity depended on the cellular localisation of the enzyme. The activity of all enzymes in one cellular compartment changed to the same extent. This change varied according to species. With regard to the human tissue, the increase of the cytoplasmic enzymes was larger than that of the mitochondrial enzymes. In the rat, however, a significantly larger increase of the mitochondrial enzymes was found.
The increase in the specific activities of the cytoplasmic enzymes in the human and rat was proportional to the protein-content and to the hypertrophy of the cells.
It was concluded that the number of mitochondria or their enzymatic activity increased in both species during pregnancy – in each species, however, to a different extent.
The pattern of the LDH-isoenzymes in the myometrium changed in the same manner in the human myometrium as in the rat. The percentage of M subunits of LDH compared to H subunits rose in both cases during pregnancy.
SECRETION OF DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE BY HUMAN PROSTATE IN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY
Authors: Mahoudeau J. A. , Delassalle A. , Bricaire H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma levels of testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were determined by radioimmunoassay in 29 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and in 56 control men of various ages. No significant difference was found in T, DHT nor DHT/T ratio between BPH and control subjects of similar age. Plasma DHT was higher in the prostatic than in the peripheral veins in 8/9 patients with BPH during laparotomy, indicating a prostatic secretion of DHT. No difference in the mean T nor the mean DHT was found in peripheral plasma before and after adenomectomy.
ADRENALECTOMY AND PITUITARY LH IN THE OOPHORECTOMIZED SUCKLED RAT
Authors: Landers E. , Wagner W. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oophorectomy of suckled rats caused a significant increase in pituitary LH content (214 μg/mg vs 156 μg/mg fresh anterior pituitary). Oophorectomized non-suckled rats were even higher (267 μg/mg). Adrenalectomy of oophorectomized suckled rats resulted in a highly significant decrease in pituitary LH (71 μg/mg) while treatment with flumethasone (0.125 mg/day) resulted in pituitary LH levels of 177 μg/mg. Except for a significant decrease in body weight and adrenal gland weight in flumethasone treated rats, no other significant treatment effects were noted. These results confirm the interaction of adrenal and pituitary-gonadal function in the post-partum rat.
EFFECTS OF PITUITARY HORMONES AND CORTICOSTERONE ON LIPOLYSIS IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Schillinger Ekkehard , Gerhards Erich 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Removal of the pituitary gland in rats reduces basal lipolysis and greatly diminishes the lipolytic response of isolated fat cells towards L-epinephrine, ACTH and dibutyryl-cyclic-3′5′-AMP (DB-cAMP). Subcutaneous application for 5 days of ACTH, LH, FSH, GH and TSH, single or in combination, does not appreciably influence the responsiveness of fat cells towards lipolytic stimulation. Administration of a hypophyscal homogenate restores the sensitivity of fat cells of hypophysectomized rats. A similar effect is obtained with a combination of growth hormone and corticosterone. In hypophysectomized-adrenalectomized animals only the combination of growth hormone and corticosterone, but not a pituitary homogenate, produces a normal responsiveness of fat cells towards lipolytic stimuli.
It is concluded that both the pituitary and adrenal gland are intimately involved in the hormonal regulation of lipolysis in fat cells.
HYPERCALCAEMIA OF NEOPLASIA, PARATHYROID HORMONE AND VITAMIN D: STUDIES IN PARABIOSIS
Authors: Ponthier Roy L. , Rice Bernard F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A localized transplantable Leydig cell tumour of the Fischer rat regularly produces lethal hypercalcaemia in thyroparathyroidectomized and intact hosts. The parabiosis model was used to explore and compare the hypercalcaemia producing action of this tumour, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D. Administration of exogenous parathyroid hormone (10 and 20 units) to one thyroparathyroidectomized parabiont rat increased the serum calcium in both parabionts within 24 hours. Endogenous parathyroid hormone, studied by producing parabiosis between thyroparathyroidectomized rats and intact rats, raised the serum calcium of the thyroparathyroidectomized parabiont within 7 days in parabiosis, suggesting that endogenous parathyroid hormone is effective across the parabiotic union. Vitamin D3 (100 000 and 150 000 units) given to one parabiont of a thyroparathyroidectomized pair produced hypercalcaemia only in the injected parabionts. When the hypercalcaemia producing tumour was grown in thyroparathyroidectomized pairs for 3–6 weeks, severe hypercalcaemia and death occurred only in the tumour bearing parabiont. The serum calcium of the non-tumour parabiont did rise over a period of 3–6 weeks and was compatible with an approach to calcium equilibrium across the parabiotic union occurring over an extended period of time. These experiments suggest that the hypercalcaemia produced by the hormone secreted by the transplantable Leydig cell tumour resembles vitamin D3 rather than parathyroid hormone when studied in the parabiosis model. These results, when reviewed in light of the parabiosis model and other recent studies, suggest that this hypercalcaemia producing hormone is probably not parathyroid hormone or vitamin D or one of its metabolites, but is of small molecular weight and rapidly metabolized. Whether it represents a new hormonal substance not previously described or is a known substance whose properties have not been fully characterized, remains to be elucidated.
CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL IN THE PERIPHERAL PLASMA OF THE DOMESTIC HEN DURING THE OVULATORY CYCLE
Authors: Senior B. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol were measured by radioimmunoassay in the peripheral plasma of hens during the ovulatory cycle and of non-laying hens. During the ovulatory cycle when blood samples were taken at 4 or 6 h intervals for 24 h, the peak concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol occurred within the 6 h period immediately preceding ovulation. After the final ovulation of the clutch the oestradiol concentration fell gradually and did not rise again near the time when the last egg of the clutch was laid. There was no significant change in the concentration of oestradiol over a 24 h period in non-laying hens. When blood samples were taken at 2 h intervals during the 12–14 h period before the expected time of ovulation the oestradiol concentration rose 8 h before ovulation and reached a peak level 6–4 h beforehand. It is suggested that oestradiol may be involved in the mechanism stimulating the release of luteinizing hormone required for ovulation.