bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Crystallization on Chiral Polymeric Microspheres
Authors: Medina D. D. , Goldshtein J. , Margel S. , Mastai Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this article, a new approach to chiral resolution based on enantioselective crystallization on chiral polymeric microspheres is presented. To demonstrate the approach, a new synthetic method is developed for the preparation of porous and hollow chiral polymeric microspheres. Chiral microspheres based on poly(N‐vinyl α‐L‐phenylalanine) (PV‐L‐Phe) are synthesized from uniform polystyrene (PS) microsphere templates by a single‐step swelling process. The chiral microspheres display a narrow size distribution, and their properties, especially the porosity, can be controlled by varying the synthesis conditions. The chiral discrimination ability of these chiral microspheres is studied for DL‐valine crystallization, as a model system for chiral racemic crystallization. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) provide evidence for the crystallization of enantiopure crystals on the chiral polymeric microspheres. Optical rotation measurements during crystallization show an enatiomeric excess of ca. 25 % for L‐valine in the chiral microspheres. Although this excess is not yet very high, the basic principle of chiral discrimination by enantioselective crystallization on chiral microspheres is demonstrated.
Design and optimization of swirl pipe geometry for particle‐laden liquids
Authors: Ariyaratne C. , Jones T. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new generation of swirl‐inducing pipes with continuously varying cross‐sectional geometry have been designed with surprisingly beneficial results. The advantages of swirl induction in pipes, particularly for improved transportation of particle‐bearing liquids, are established. Coarse particles in water do not generally form stable suspensions and are of especial concern for a number of industrial processes. Swirling flow results in better particle distribution, requires low flow velocities to keep particles in suspension, and helps prevent pipeline blockage. Improved wear performance can be inferred from greater numbers of particles supported by the flow, and reduced impact angles and impact velocities. Historically, research into swirl‐inducing pipes has indicated a lobed helical geometry of fixed cross section and constant helix as the near optimum design in swirl induction, at a low pressure cost. In addition to its hydraulic advantages, the lobed design dredges particles into the flow in a smooth mechanical action. Transition ducts to such swirl pipes were designed for the primary purpose of reducing entry and exit pressure losses. However, increased exit swirl intensities and reduced rate of swirl decay indicate swirl pipes with continuously varying cross‐sectional geometry are the way forward. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
The association of the HOPA12bp polymorphism with schizophrenia in the NIMH genetics initiative for schizophrenia sample
Authors: Philibert Robert A. , Bohle Phil , Secrest Dianna , Deaderick Jessica , Sandhu Harinder , Crowe Raymond , Black Donald W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHOPA (MED12) is an X‐chromosome gene that codes for a critical member of the Mediator Complex, a group of proteins that regulates transcription via the nuclear receptor, Wnt and Receptor Tyrosine Kinase pathways. In prior association and meta‐analyses, we have shown that the presence of an evolutionarily conserved, 12 bp (4 amino acid) insertional polymorphism in exon 43 of this gene is associated with increased risk for an endophenotype of schizophrenia. In this communication, we describe the results of our work with subjects and data from the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) Genetics Initiative for Schizophrenia. We report that the presence of the HOPA12bp polymorphism is associated with increased risk for schizophrenia in subjects of European ancestry. In the light of this new study and the prior wealth of clinical and basic science data, we conclude that the HOPA12bp allele is a risk factor for schizophrenia in subjects of European ancestry and suggest that further studies to define the endophenotype and mechanisms of illness associated with this polymorphism are indicated. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ethical considerations of early (first vs. second trimester) risk assessment disclosure for trisomy 21 and patient choice in screening versus diagnostic testing
Authors: Sharma Geeta , McCullough Laurence B. , Chervenak Frank A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe discuss the clinical implications regarding disclosure of risk assessment for trisomy 21 screening results in the first versus second trimester. Based on the ethical principles of respect for autonomy, beneficence, and justice, we argue that routinely offering first trimester risk assessment in centers qualified to provide it is ethically obligatory and routinely withholding the results of first trimester risk assessment is ethically unjustified. As risk for trisomy 21 occurs along a continuum, no pregnant woman is without risk; thus, offering diagnostic testing to all women is ethically justified. Informed consent and personal choice regarding diagnostic testing and termination of pregnancy shape patients' decisions to undergo first trimester risk assessment for trisomy 21. Appropriate counseling is required to allow for individual choice regarding timing of disclosure. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can interactivity make a difference? Effects of interactivity on the comprehension of and attitudes toward online health content
Authors: Lustria Mia Liza A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Internet is increasingly being recognized for its potential for health communication and education. The perceived relative advantage of the Internet over other media is its cost‐effectiveness and interactivity, which in turn contribute to its persuasive capabilities. Ironically, despite its potential, we are nowhere nearer understanding how interactivity affects processing of health information and its contribution in terms of health outcomes. An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of Web interactivity on comprehension of and attitudes towards two health Web sites, and whether individual differences might moderate such effects. Two sites on skin cancer were designed with different levels of interactivity and randomly assigned to 441 undergraduate students (aged 18–26) at a large southeastern university. The findings suggest that interactivity can significantly affect comprehension as well as attitudes towards health Web sites. The article also discusses insights into the role of interactivity on online health communications, and presents implications for the effective design of online health content.
New sustainable business models in China
Authors: Birkin F. , Cashman A. , Koh S. C. L. , Liu Z. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis research explores the need to establish new sustainable business models in China and uses multiple objectives to examine in a sample of Chinese companies the reality of the level of sustainable development, environmental awareness and performance, community responsibility, performance barriers and drivers and other sustainability issues. A mixed methodology was adopted, using a questionnaire survey and interviews with 20 manufacturing companies in Guangzhou and Shenzen. Evidence from the small sample of companies demonstrates the lack of significant sustainable development practices in China, although small and medium sized companies appeared to show interest in this area and would like to further contribute to for example triple bottom line objectives. Increasing concerns are found from the company level regarding the need to use renewable energy, source alternative sustainable materials, close the loop of the supply chain, improve the quality of products produced rather than reducing cost, export to Europe and treat employees as an asset. The lack of skills, finance and knowledge are found to be prohibiting the effective embedment of sustainable development within companies and hence cause an under‐performance in this regard. The study concludes that the establishing of a new business model for sustainable development in China is needed urgently, and this should be a joint effort with the Chinese government. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Percutaneous device closure of the patent foramen ovale during pregnancy
Authors: Schrale Ryan G. , Ormerod Julian , Ormerod Oliver J.M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective:To review the procedures, results and follow‐up of patients who underwent percutaneous device closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) during pregnancy. We report modifications made to the established technique that allowed absolute minimization of radiation exposure. Relevant management issues of this unusual presentation of cardiac disease in pregnancy are discussed.Background:Stroke during or immediately prior to pregnancy is a catastrophic event. Paradoxical embolism may be more frequent due to the hypercoagulable state and increased incidence of venous thromboembolism. Treatment strategies must take into account the competing risks to mother and fetus.Methods:Three patients, aged 34, 27, and 39, presented with ischemic neurological events during or immediately preceding pregnancy. Due to evidence of recurrent events or relative contraindication to anticoagulation they proceeded to percutaneous device closure during the second trimester. The Helex device (WL Gore and Associates) was used in all patients. Procedures were performed with local anesthesia under intra‐cardiac echocardiography guidance.Results:Successful closure was achieved with the Helex device in all three patients. Radiation doses, as assessed by dose area product, were 260, 58, and 19 cGy/cm2, with estimated uterine (fetal) dose of <0.005 mGy, <0.001 mGy, and <0.0005 mGy. There were no peri‐procedural complications. Despite one patient subsequently developing pre‐eclampsia and another major post‐partum hemorrhage all pregnancies were successful and free of further neurologic events.Conclusions:Percutaneous device closure of the PFO is a feasible option for selected patients with cryptogenic stroke believed secondary to paradoxical embolism. The procedure can be performed safely and effectively under local anesthesia using intra‐cardiac echocardiography and with trivial fetal radiation exposure. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Management of a spontaneous renal capsule hematoma following cardiac catheterization involving use of a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor: A case report
Authors: Dorval Jean‐François , Soulez Gilles , Berry Colin , Bonan Raoul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe describe the case of a 64‐year‐old woman who experienced a left renal sub‐capsular hematoma following complex percutaneous coronary intervention. The hemorrhage was arrested by balloon inflation followed by coil embolization. Final thrombosis around the coil was achieved by an infusion of a small amount of thrombin. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term outcomes of bifurcation lesions after implantation of drug‐eluting stents with the “mini‐crush technique”
Authors: Galassi Alfredo R. , Colombo Antonio , Buchbinder Maurice , Grasso Carmelo , Tomasello Salvatore D. , Ussia Gian P. , Tamburino Corrado 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate clinical and angiographic long‐term outcome of “the mini‐crush” technique for treating bifurcation lesions. Background: Despite proven efficacy of drug‐eluting stent (DES) within most lesions subsets, bifurcation lesions continue to exhibit high restenosis rate using current DES stenting technique. Methods: We report a new stenting technique which was employed in 45 consecutive patients (52 lesions) between April 2004 and July 2005 to treat true bifurcation lesions using DES in both branches. Results: Using this technique procedural success was obtained in 100% of cases, without complications and with excellent angiographic result in 96.1% and 98.1% of main vessel and side branch. Preprocedure reference vessel diameter and minimal lumen diameter (MLD) were 2.68 ± 0.48 and 0.90 ± 0.55 mm for the main branch, respectively and 2.28 ± 0.34 and 1.14 ± 0.47 mm for the side branch, respectively. Postprocedure MLD was 2.56 ± 0.39 mm for the main branch and 2.16 ± 0.29 mm for the side branch. There were no in‐hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE). At 72 days after procedure there was one case of side branch stent thrombosis (2.2%), which resulted in non Q‐wave MI. Angiographic follow up was obtained in 100% of patients at 7.5 ± 1.3 months. Target lesion revascularization (TLR) was 12.2%; no death and Q‐wave MI were observed; reference vessel diameter and MLD for the main branch were 2.79 ± 0.51 and 1.99 ± 0.65 mm respectively and for the side branch 2.28 ± 0.40 and 1.63 ± 0.48 mm respectively. Restenosis rate in the main branch was 12.2% while in the side branch was 2.0%. Conclusions: In‐hospital outcome indicates that the mini‐crush technique for bifurcation lesions with DES can be easily performed. It provides very low total MACE rate and restenosis at 8‐month follow‐up. These results confirmed the advantage of this specific technique to give complete coverage of the ostium of the side branch using two stents technique. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Initial clinical experience of selective coronary angiography using one prolonged injection and a 180° rotational trajectory
Authors: Garcia Joel A. , Chen S.‐Y. James , Messenger John C. , Casserly Ivan P. , Hansgen Adam , Wink Onno , Movassaghi Babak , Klein Andrew J. , Carroll John D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective:Evaluate the safety of prolonged coronary injections during a rotational acquisition covering 180°.Background:Rotational angiography has been adapted to coronary angiography and shown to reduce radiation and contrast exposure. Three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructions and other advanced applications require imaging over a 180°‐arc with a single but longer injection of larger contrast volumes.Methods:Thirty patients referred for angiography were enrolled. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), symptoms, and ectopy were recorded before‐and‐after injections.Results:Pre and post‐injection HRs for the LCA/RCA were not statistically different (LCA‐pre‐injection 63 ± 13 bpm vs. LCA‐post‐injection 62 ± 11 bpm, P = 0.54 and RCA‐pre‐injection 65 ± 12 bpm vs. RCA‐post‐injection 65± 10, P = 0.88). Central aortic pressure values were not statistically different for the RCA injections (RCA‐systolic‐pre‐injection 118 ± 14 mm Hg vs. RCA‐systolic‐post‐injection 112± 25 mm Hg, P = 0.15, and RCA diastolic‐pre‐injection 69 ± 9 mm Hg vs. RCA‐diastolic‐post‐injection 60 ± 10 mm Hg, P = 0.88) but were statistically significant for the LCA injections (LCA systolic‐pre‐injection 122 ± 19 mm Hg vs. LCA‐systolic‐post‐injection 116 ± 17 mm Hg, P = 0.0004, and LCA‐diastolic‐pre‐injection 69 ± 10 mm Hg vs. LCA‐diastolic‐post‐injection 65 ± 9 mm Hg, P = 0.0007). There were no symptoms or electrical events documented during or immediately post‐injection.Conclusion:This study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of longer coronary injections. There were no significant HR changes, clinically insignificant pressure changes, and no adverse reactions. Additional studies will be needed to assure its safety in a larger and clinically more varied patient population. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel enoxaparin regime for ST elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: A WEST sub‐study
Authors: Welsh Robert C. , Gordon Phillip , Westerhout Cynthia M. , Buller Christopher E. , O'Neill Blair , Armstrong Paul W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the anticoagulation effect of subcutaneous (SQ) and intravenous (IV) enoxaparin through systematic anti‐Xa sampling during primary PCI for acute STEMI. Background: Although appropriate anticoagulation is essential to maximize the efficacy and safety of primary PCI, the optimal dosing of enoxaparin in this setting is unclear. Methods: STEMI patients randomized to primary PCI received ASA, clopidogrel 300 mg and enoxaparin 1 mg/kg SQ at earliest point of care, including prehospital. Plasma anti‐Xa determination occurred just prior to and after primary PCI. Supplemental IV enoxaparin (0.3–0.5 mg/kg) and abciximab was encouraged prior to PCI. Results: The 1st anti‐Xa level 56 min (median, IQR 47–77) post SQ enoxaparin was 0.28 U/ml (0.23–0.41); 85% of patients (28/33) were <0.5 U/ml (the recommended therapeutic level). Following PCI, 126 min (118–185) after SQ enoxaparin in those without IV dosing (8/33) the 2nd anti‐Xa level was 0.44 U/ml (0.29–0.53); 6 of 8 patients remained <0.5 U/ml. With IV enoxaparin (25/33) the 2nd anti‐Xa was 0.96 U/ml (0.82–1.16) 97 min (82–109) after SQ enoxaparin: all were ≥0.5 U/ml and 2 had levels 1.5 U/ml. Conclusion: A single SQ enoxaparin dose fails to achieve anti‐Xa levels ≥0.5 U/ml in the majority of STEMI patients. When combined with a strategy of supplemental IV enoxaparin, adequate anti‐Xa levels were achieved in all patients with few having levels >1.5 U/ml. This regime of SQ injection with additional IV enoxaparin provides an attractive strategy enhancing effective early anti‐thrombotic therapy at first medical contact prior to primary PCI. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Membranous remnant of left venous valve of inferior vena cava: Implications for device closure of atrial septal defects
Authors: Pinto Nelangi M. , Weinberg Paul M. , Rome Jonathan J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe described three pediatric cases during which we encountered a rarely described component of the atrial septum, a membranous remnant of the left venous valve of the IVC, in patients who were brought to the catheterization lab for device closure of an atrial septal defect. In all cases, this remnant was not noted by previous transthoracic imaging. Awareness of this potential anatomic variation is important to successful device closure of atrial septal defects. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcatheter recanalization of ligated main pulmonary artery
Authors: Bhole Vinay , Wright John G.C. , Stumper Oliver 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 12.5‐year‐old boy with tricuspid atresia and quadriplegic cerebral palsy presented with increasing cyanosis after previous palliation with a cavopulmonary shunt and ligation of the main pulmonary artery (MPA). Because of severe physical disabilities he was not considered suitable for Fontan completion. He underwent successful transcatheter stent recanalization of the ligated MPA. This re‐established anterograde flow to the pulmonary arteries resulting in marked improvement in saturations. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Biomimetic Approach to the Chemical Inactivation of Chrysotile Fibres by Lichen Metabolites
Authors: Turci Francesco , Favero‐Longo Sergio E. , Tomatis Maura , Martra Gianmario , Castelli Daniele , Piervittori Rosanna , Fubini Bice 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSome lichens were recently reported to modify the surface state of asbestos. Here we report some new insight on the physico‐chemical modifications induced by natural chelators (lichen metabolites) on two asbestos samples collected in two different locations. A biomimetic approach was followed by reproducing in the laboratory the weathering effect of lichen metabolites. Norstictic, pulvinic and oxalic acid (0.005, 0.5 and 50 mM) were put in contact with chrysotile fibres, either in pure form (A) or intergrown with balangeroite, an iron‐rich asbestiform phase (B). Mg and Si removal, measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES) and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), reveals an incongruent dissolution for pure chrysotile (A), with Mg removal always exceeding that of Si, while chrysotile–balangeroite (B) follows a congruent dissolution pattern in all cases except in the presence of 50 mM oxalic acid. A much larger removal of Mg than Si in the solutions of 0.5 and 50 mM oxalic acid with chrysotile (A) suggests a structural collapse, which in the case of chrysotile–balangeroite (B) only occurs with 50 mM oxalic acid; in these cases both samples are converted into amorphous silica (as detected by X‐ray diffraction (XRD)). Subsequent to incubation, some new phases (Fe2O3, CaMg(CO3)2, Ca(C2O4)⋅H2O and Mg(C2O4)⋅2 H2O), similar to those observed in the field, were detected by XRD and micro‐Raman spectroscopy. The leaching effect of lichen metabolites also modifies the Fenton activity, a process widely correlated with asbestos pathogenicity: pure chrysotile (A) activity is reduced by 50 mM oxalic acid, while all lichen metabolites reduce the activity of chrysotile–balangeroite (B). The selective removal of poorly coordinated, highly reactive iron ions, evidenced by NO adsorption, accounts for the loss in Fenton activity. Such fibres were chemically close to the ones observed in the field. Chrysotile‐rich rocks, colonised by lichens, could be exposed to a natural bioattenuation and considered as a transient environmental hazard.
Spontaneous Reduction of Mixed 2,2′‐Bipyridine/Methylamine/Chloro Complexes of PtIV in Water in the Presence of Light Is Accompanied by Complex Isomerization, Loss of Methylamine, and Formation of a Strong Oxidant, Presumably HOCl
Authors: Nakabayashi Yasuo , Erxleben Andrea , Létinois Ulla , Pratviel Geneviève , Meunier Bernard , Holland Lars , Lippert Bernhard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree 2,2′‐bipyridine (2,2′‐bpy) complexes of PtIV have been synthesized, characterized by X‐ray crystallography, and their solution behavior in D2O studied by 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis: mer‐[PtCl3(2,2′‐bpy)(MeNH2)]Cl⋅H2O (4), trans‐[PtCl2(2,2′‐bpy)(MeNH2)2]Cl2 (5), and trans‐[Pt (2,2′‐bpy)(MeNH2)2(OH)2]Cl2 (6; MeNH2=methylamine). Complexes 4 and 5 undergo hydrolysis of the Cl− ions, both in the dark and daylight, as evident from a drop in the pH value. Two solvolysis products were detected in the case of 4, which is indicative of species with equatorial and axial OH− groups. The hydrolysis reaction of 5 implies that an axial Cl− group is replaced by an OH− moiety; in contrast, 6 remains virtually unaffected. Ordinary daylight, in particular irradiation with a 50‐W halogen lamp, initially causes ligand‐isomerization processes, which are followed by the reduction of 4 and 5 to PtII species. This reduction of 4 and 5 is accompanied by the formation of hypochlorous acid, as demonstrated qualitatively in the decoloration test of indigo, and loss of MeNH2, which is particularly pronounced in the case of 5. The formation of PtII compounds is established on the basis of the J coupling constants of 195Pt with selected 1H NMR resonances. The results obtained herein are possibly also relevant to the chemistry of Cl‐containing PtIV antitumor agents and their reactions with DNA.