bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The crystal structure of human ferroptosis suppressive protein 1 in complex with flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine nucleotide
Authors: Feng Shijian , Huang Xiaofang , Tang Dan , Liu Xiaoyu , Ouyang Liang , Yang Dehua , Wang Kunjie , Liao Banghua , Qi Shiqian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFerroptosis is a recently discovered form of regulated cell death characterized by its distinct dependence on iron and the peroxidation of lipids within cellular membranes. Ferroptosis plays a crucial role in physiological and pathological situations and has attracted the attention of numerous scientists. Ferroptosis suppressive protein 1 (FSP1) is one of the main regulators that negatively regulates ferroptosis through the GPX4‐independent FSP1–CoQ10–NAD(P)H axis and is a potential therapeutic target for ferroptosis‐related diseases. However, the crystal structure of FSP1 has not been resolved, which hinders the development of therapeutic strategies targeting FSP1. To unravel this puzzle, we purified the human FSP1 (hFSP1) protein using the baculovirus eukaryotic cell expression system and solved its crystal structure at a resolution of 1.75 Å. Furthermore, we evaluated the oxidoreductase activity of hFSP1 with NADH as the substrate and identified E156 as the key amino acid in maintaining hFSP1 activity. Interestingly, our results indicated that hFSP1 exists and functions in a monomeric state. Mutagenesis analysis revealed the critical role of the C‐terminal domain in the binding of substrate. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of the functional mechanism of FSP1 and provide a precise model for further drug development.
Type 1 early infantile epileptic encephalopathy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zaker Erfan , Nouri Negar , Movahedinia Mojtaba , Dadbinpour Ali , Vahidi Mehrjardi Mohammad Yahya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundVariants in the Aristaless‐related homeobox (ARX) gene lead to a variety of phenotypes, with intellectual disability being a steady feature. Other features can include severe epilepsy, spasticity, movement disorders, hydranencephaly, and ambiguous genitalia in males. X‐linked Ohtahara syndrome or Type 1 early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE1) is a severe early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy with arrested psychomotor development caused by hemizygous mutations in the ARX gene, which encodes a transcription factor in fundamental brain developmental processes.MethodsWe presented a case report of a 2‐year‐old boy who exhibited symptoms such as microcephaly, seizures, and severe multifocal epileptic abnormalities, and genetic techniques such as autozygosity mapping, Sanger sequencing, and whole‐exome sequencing.ResultsWe confirmed that the patient had the NM_139058.3:c.84C>A; p.(Cys28Ter) mutation in the ARX gene.ConclusionThe patient with EIEE1 had physical symptoms and hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalogram. Genetic testing identified a causative mutation in the ARX gene, emphasizing the role of genetic testing in EIEE diagnosis.
Unraveling forward and backward source problems for a nonlocal integrodifferential equation: A journey through operational calculus for Dzherbashian‐Nersesian operator
Authors: Ahmad Anwar , Ali Muhammad , Malik Salman A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article primarily aims at introducing a novel operational calculus of Mikusiński's type for the Dzherbashian‐Nersesian operator. Using this calculus, we are able to derive exact solutions for the forward and backward source problems of a differential equation that features Dzherbashian‐Nersesian operator in time and intertwined with nonlocal boundary conditions. The initial condition is expressed in terms of Riemann‐Liouville integral. Solutions are presented using Mittag‐Leffler (ML) type functions. The outcomes related to the existence and uniqueness subject to certain conditions of regularity on the input data are developed.
A stable formulation of correspondence‐based peridynamics with a computational structure of a method using nodal integration
Authors: Wang Jiarui , Behzadinasab Masoud , Li Weican , Bazilevs Yuri 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIn this paper, we lay out a variational framework for correspondence‐based peridynamic (PD) formulations of solid mechanics. Using the framework, we address the numerical instabilities of the original version of correspondence‐based PD by developing a natural stabilization technique that avoids costly bond‐associated approaches and retains the structure of a method with nodal integration. Accuracy, robustness, and efficiency of the proposed naturally stabilized correspondence‐based PD are demonstrated on several computational test cases ranging from linear elastostatics to large deformation elasto‐plasticity. The computational methodology developed is particularly effective for handling materials undergoing nearly‐incompressible deformations.
Superiority of model predictive control with robust and stable approach for sliding wheeled mobile systems in the presence of obstacles
Authors: Korayem Moharam Habibnejad , Namdarpour Fateme , Lademakhi Naeim Yousefi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present two distinct linear Model Predictive Control (MPC) methods for controlling mobile robots in the presence of obstacles while considering the wheel slip. Predictability of the controller enables the robot to automatically choose an alternative path to avoid obstacles. However, environmental conditions and disturbances, including slip, may impact the system model. Therefore, to accurately represent the system, slip angle and slip ratio are factored into the modeling process. Then the kinematic model is linearized using the successive method to reduce computational cost. Next, both Stable MPC (SMPC) and Robust MPC have been designed and implemented on the linearized time‐variant model to control the robot. The superiority of the robust predictive control method over the stable method has been discussed in terms of safety and optimal performance considering wheel slip. Finally, based on experimental tests, it has been found that the robust predictive controller is more effective than stable control when the surface is slippery and there is an obstacle in front of the robot. However, in a case where the wheel slip is neglectable, SMPC can be a better choice in presence of obstacles due to the lower computational cost.
Optimized tracking control using reinforcement learning and backstepping technique for canonical nonlinear unknown dynamic system
Authors: Song Yanfen , Li Zijun , Wen Guoxing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe work addresses the optimized tracking control problem by combining both reinforcement learning (RL) and backstepping technique for the canonical nonlinear unknown dynamic system. Since such dynamic system contains multiple state variables with differential relation, the backstepping technique is considered by making a virtual control sequence in accordance with Lyapunov functions. In the last backstepping step, the optimized actual control is derived by performing the RL under identifier‐critic‐actor structure, where RL is to overcome the difficulty coming from solving Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman (HJB) equation. Different from the traditional RL optimizing methods that find the RL updating laws from the square of the HJB equation's approximation, this optimized control is to find the RL training laws from the negative gradient of a simple positive definite function, which is equivalent to the HJB equation. The result shows that this optimized control can obviously alleviate the algorithm complexity. Meanwhile, it can remove the requirement of known dynamic as well. Finally, theory and simulation indicate the feasibility of this optimized control.
Psychological predictors of adherence to lifestyle changes after bariatric surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Chan Jade K. Y. , Vartanian Lenny R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveAdherence to lifestyle changes after bariatric surgery is associated with better health outcomes; however, research suggests that patients struggle to follow post‐operative recommendations. This systematic review aimed to examine psychological factors associated with adherence after bariatric surgery.MethodsPubMed, PsycInfo, and Embase were searched (from earliest searchable to August 2022) to identify studies that reported on clinically modifiable psychological factors related to adherence after bariatric surgery. Retrieved abstracts (n = 891) were screened and coded by two raters.ResultsA total of 32 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the narrative synthesis. Appointment attendance and dietary recommendations were the most frequently studied post‐operative instructions. Higher self‐efficacy was consistently predictive of better post‐operative adherence to diet and physical activity, while pre‐operative depressive symptoms were commonly associated with poorer adherence to appointments, diet, and physical activity. Findings were less inconsistent for anxiety and other psychiatric conditions.ConclusionsThis systematic review identified that psychological factors such as mood disorders and patients' beliefs/attitudes are associated with adherence to lifestyle changes after bariatric surgery. These factors can be addressed with psychological interventions; therefore, they are important to consider in patient care after bariatric surgery. Future research should further examine psychological predictors of adherence with the aim of informing interventions to support recommended lifestyle changes.
Harnessing generative artificial intelligence to support nature‐based solutions
Authors: Richards Daniel , Worden David , Song Xiao Ping , Lavorel Sandra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The ongoing biodiversity and climate change crises require society to adopt nature‐based solutions that integrate and enhance ecosystems. To achieve successful implementation of nature‐based solutions, it is vital to communicate scientific information about their benefits and suitability.

This article explores the potential of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) as a tool for automating and scaling up science communication, outreach, and extension for nature‐based solutions.

To illustrate the potential of GenAI, we present three case study examples; (1) reporting scientific information on ecosystem services, future land use options, and nature‐based solutions for farms (2) interactively providing guidance in response to homeowner questions about biodiversity‐friendly garden design and (3) visualising potential future scenarios of landscape change that incorporate diverse nature based and technological solutions. These examples demonstrate potential applications which may be relevant to other systems and types of nature‐based solutions.

While GenAI for nature‐based solutions offers significant opportunities, this new technology brings risks of bias, false information, data privacy, mistrust, and high energy usage. Alongside technological development, we require integrated social research into ethics, public acceptability, and user experience, to maximise the benefits of GenAI while limiting these risks.

GenAI offers an opportunity to accelerate the dissemination of nature‐based design strategies and reach a broader audience, by synthesising information and producing tailored content for specific users and locations. By harnessing the power of GenAI alongside human expertise, we can support nature‐based solutions to tackle the complex challenges of future sustainability.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Graft copolymers of collagen and acrylic monomers—Reagents for sizing of cotton yarn
Authors: Rafikov Adham Salimovich , Ibodulloyev Bekzod Shuxrat Ugli , Yasinskaya Nataliya Nikolayevna , Khakimova Mukaddas Shamuratovna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA new highly effective sizing reagent based on grafted collagen copolymers has been proposed for cotton yarn. The copolymers were synthesized by reacting an aqueous solution of collagen with acrylic monomers—acrylic, matacrylic acids, and their amides in the presence of potassium persulfate. Based on Scanning electron microscopy ‐ Energy dispersive (SEM‐EDS) analysis data, the composition of the copolymers was determined. Unsaturated acids are more actively grafted onto collagen than their amides. When a polymer film is formed from a solution of a collagen copolymer with (meth)acrylic acid, microcracks appear on the surface of the sample; microcracks are absent in films of copolymers with (meth)acrylamide. Films of copolymers, especially methacrylamide, are quite flexible and contribute to a significant improvement in the properties of the yarn. The tensile strength of yarn sized with copolymers increases by 20%–65% compared to unsized yarn, and by 13%–38% compared to yarn sized with a starch solution. At the same time, the relative tensile elongation of the experimental yarn improves by 14%–58%, while this property of starch‐size yarn deteriorates by 14%–22% compared to unsized yarn. The complete removal of graft copolymers from the surface of the yarn in the process of biochemical desizing using the enzyme protease is shown.Highlights
Graft copolymerization of (meth)acrylamide with collagen was carried out.
Grafting is initiated by the interaction of collagen with potassium persulfate.
The synthesized copolymers are effective sizing reagents for cotton yarn.
The copolymer with poly(meth)acrylamide forms a flexible and stable film.
The protease enzyme completely removes the size from the surface of the yarn.
Improvement in persistent room temperature phosphorescence of polymeric systems via a melt‐pressing method
Authors: Jiang Siyang , Chen Jinzheng , Miao Yiling , Guo Danman , Jiang Ni , Huang Huahua , Chen Yongming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPolymer‐based afterglow materials with persistent room temperature phosphorescence (pRTP) have attracted ever‐increasing attention due to their excellent mechanical property, suitability for large‐area production, and diverse processing methods. However, most pRTP polymers were solution‐processed into the films via casting. Herein, a simple processing method of melt‐pressing was proposed, which can improve the phosphorescence of various emitters when doped into polyamide‐12 (PA12) or its copolymer PA4 matrix. Notably, for Be@PA4 and Ch@PA4 (benzo[c]phenanthrene, Be and chrysene, Ch), their casted films did not show any afterglow, while the melt‐pressed ones exhibited bright afterglow of over 4.0 s, even if there were no hydrogen or ionic interaction between the emitters and the matrix. Detailed investigations demonstrate the melt‐pressing procedure can increase the non‐covalent interaction among the matrix as well as offer a rigid and dense environment. The melt‐pressed RTP improvement strategy was also applied to other polar polymers. Additionally, the melt‐pressing method would be of great potential in high‐level anti‐counterfeiting like preparing colorful camouflage patterns. Therefore, we offered a feasible method of melt‐pressing to improve the phosphorescence of polymeric materials without a change in chemical composition or feeding ratio. This work also gained a deeper understanding of the luminescence of polymer‐based systems.
Overexpression of miR‐927‐5p suppresses stalky expression and negatively reduces the spermatid production in Zeugodacus cucurbitae
Authors: Han Hong‐Liang , Li Jing‐Ming , Chen Dong , Zhai Xiao‐Di , Smagghe Guy , Jiang Hongbo , Wang Jin‐Jun , Wei Dong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett, is one of the major pests attacking Cucurbitaceae crops. Identifying critical genes or proteins regulating fertility is essential for sustainable pest control and a research hotspot in insect physiology. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNAs that do not directly participate in protein translation, but instead function in post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression involved in male fertility.ResultsWe found that miR‐927‐5p is highly expressed in the testes and investigated its function in spermatogenesis in Z. cucurbitae. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed miR‐927‐5p in the transformation and maturation region of the testis, and overexpression of miR‐927‐5p reduced the number of sperms by 53%. In continuation, we predicted 12 target genes of miR‐927‐5p using bioinformatics combined with transcriptome sequencing data, and found that miR‐927‐5p targets the new gene Stalky in insects, which was validated by quantitative real‐time PCR, RNA pull‐down and dual luciferase reporter assays. FISH also confirmed the co‐localization of miR‐927‐5p and the transcript Stalky_1 in the testis. Moreover, silencing of Stalky_1 by RNA interference reduced the number of sperms by 32% and reduced sperm viability by 39% in physiologically mature male adults. Meanwhile, the silencing of Stalky_1 also resulted in low hatchability.ConclusionOur work not only presents a new, so far unreported mechanism regulating spermatogenesis by miR‐927‐5p targeting a new unknown target, Stalky, which is providing new knowledge on the regulatory network of insect spermatogenesis, but also lays a foundation for the development of SIT against important tephritid fly pests. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Modeling the pest‐pathogen threats in a warming world for the red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens) and its symbiotic fungus (Leptographium procerum)
Authors: Zhou Yuting , Guo Siwei , Wang Tao , Zong Shixiang , Ge Xuezhen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDDendroctonus valens along with its symbiotic fungi have caused unprecedented damage to pines in China. Leptographium procerum, its primary symbiotic fungus, facilitates the invasion and colonization of the pest, thereby aggravating ecological threats. Assessing shifts in the niches and ranges of D. valens and its symbiotic fungus could provide a valuable basis for pest control. Here, we conducted niche comparisons between native and invasive populations of D. valens. Then, we employed standard ecological niche models and ensembles of small models to predict the potential distributions of D. valens and L. procerum under climate change conditions and to estimate areas of overlap.RESULTSThe niche of invasive population of D. valens in Chinese mainland only occupied a limited portion of the niche of native population in North America, leaving a substantial native niche unfilled and without any niche expansion. The suitable regions for D. valens are predicted in central and southern North America and central and northeastern Chinese mainland. The overlap with the suitable regions of L. procerum included eastern North America and the central and northeastern Chinese mainland under historical climatic scenarios. The regions susceptible to their symbiotic damage will shift northward in response to future climate change.CONCLUSIONSProjected distributions of D. valens and its symbiotic fungus, along with areas vulnerable to their symbiotic damage, provide essential insights for devising strategies against this association. Additionally, our study contributes to comprehending how biogeographic approaches aid in estimating potential risks of pest–pathogen interactions in forests within a warming world. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Acid‐Mediated One‐Pot Three‐Component Tandem Cyclization: Access to Some New Series of Benzo[5,6]chromeno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Kayyal Marziyeh , Olyaei Abolfazl , Pourshamsian Khalil , Sadeghpour Mahdieh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot synthesis of some new series of benzo[5,6]chromeno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives is reported by the three‐component condensation reaction of 2,3‐dihydroxynaphthalene, 2‐thiobarbituric acid and aromatic aldehydes using sulfuric acid as the catalyst in glacial acetic acid under reflux condition. This transformation apparently proceeds through Michael addition, intra‐molecular heterocyclization and dehydration sequences. This protocol provides cleaner reaction profiles, good to high yields, operational simplicity, easy workup, readily accessible starting materials and not requires column chromatography for isolation of target products in pure form.
The new argonauts: The international migration of venture‐backed companies
Authors: Shi Yuan , Sorenson Olav , Waguespack David M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryWe use a novel longitudinal dataset, constructed from 16 downloads of VentureXpert records collected over 20 years, to characterize the international migration of venture‐capital‐backed startups. We find that: (i) 1078 firms in our sample (1.4%) migrate; (ii) countries with high levels of in‐migration also have high levels of out‐migration; (iii) migrating firms move to places with more investors; (iv) pre‐move investors and their connections most strongly predict migration patterns; and (v) movers raise more money than non‐movers, primarily from investors at their destinations. Overall, these patterns appear inconsistent with those expected if startups move primarily in search of talent or customers. Instead, the flows across countries look more like international trade, with startups seeking capital, and social connections between investors defining the shipping lanes.Managerial SummaryAlthough many high‐profile startups have relocated their headquarters from one country to another, systematic information on this phenomenon has been scarce. How frequently do these moves happen? Why do startups move? Over 20 years, we have built a database that can begin to answer these questions. International moves appear rare. When startups do move, they tend to move to places with more venture capital, particularly when their existing investors have connections in those places. Movers, moreover, raise more money than non‐movers, mostly from investors in their destination countries. Capital availability, rather than access to talent or proximity to customers, appears to be the strongest predictor of startup migration.
Nanoparticles Coated with Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Membranes can Target and Cross the Blood–Brain Barrier to Deliver Drugs to Brain Tumors
Authors: Chen Huajian , Ji Jingsen , Zhang Li , Luo Chuangcai , Chen Taoliang , Zhang Yuxuan , Ma Chengcheng , Ke Yiquan , Wang Jihui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) contains tightly connected brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) that hinder drug delivery to the brain, which makes brain tumors difficult to treat. Previous studies have shown that nanoparticles coated with tumor cell membranes selectively target their homologous tumors. Therefore, this study investigated whether bEnd.3‐line BMEC membrane‐coated nanoparticles with poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide)‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐based doxorubicin‐loaded cores (BM‐PDs) can be used to target BMECs and cross the BBB. In vitro, the BM‐PDs effectively target BMECs and cross a BBB model. The BM‐PDs enter the BMECs via macropinocytosis, clathrin‐mediated endocytosis, caveolin‐mediated endocytosis, and membrane fusion, which result in excellent cellular uptake. The BM‐PDs also show excellent cellular uptake in brain tumor cells. In vivo, the BM‐PDs target BMECs, cross the BBB, accumulate in brain tumors, and efficiently kill tumor cells. Therefore, the proposed strategy has great therapeutic potential owing to its ability to cross the BBB to reach brain tumors.