bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning of clinical pharmacology by future prescribers in Bologna: Teachers' and students' reflections on the way forward
Authors: Poluzzi Elisabetta , Raschi Emanuel , Lunghi Carlotta , Bertuccio Alice , Eleftheriou Andreas , De Ponti Fabrizio 
Published: March 2024

AimsIn this reflection paper, the authors, based on their experience as teachers and students of the courses of Pharmacology at the University of Bologna, reflect on their specific roles towards innovation in the teaching of Clinical Pharmacology.MethodsStrengths, weaknesses and challenges are presented as identified during the teaching and learning experience in the currently evolving medical degree programmes of the University in light of current trends in medical education.ResultsKeeping in mind the identified challenges together with the features proposed for the model prescriber (knowledgeable, contemporary, communicative and safe), we indicate some ways to improve the students' experience and make sure they develop up‐to‐date skills in Clinical Pharmacology taking advantage of recent ongoing collaborations at European level. International collaboration is indeed necessary to adequately address the current challenges of teaching clinical pharmacology.ConclusionOur shared conclusion is that empowering students with a scientifically sound method to retrieve relevant information and developing their skills to communicate in an interprofessional and, wherever possible, international environment is the key to prepare future prescribers and, ultimately, to improve patient safety.
A registered report survey of open research practices in psychology departments in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Silverstein Priya , Pennington Charlotte R. , Branney Peter , O'Connor Daryl B. , Lawlor Emma , O'Brien Emer , Lynott Dermot 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOpen research practices seek to enhance the transparency and reproducibility of research. While there is evidence of increased uptake in these practices, such as study preregistration and open data, facilitated by new infrastructure and policies, little research has assessed general uptake of such practices across psychology university researchers. The current study estimates psychologists' level of engagement in open research practices across universities in the United Kingdom and Ireland, while also assessing possible explanatory factors that may impact their engagement. Data were collected from 602 psychology researchers in the United Kingdom and Ireland on the extent to which they have implemented various practices (e.g., use of preprints, preregistration, open data, open materials). Here we present the summarized descriptive results, as well as considering differences between various categories of researcher (e.g., career stage, subdiscipline, methodology), and examining the relationship between researcher's practices and their self‐reported capability, opportunity, and motivation (COM‐B) to engage in open research practices. Results show that while there is considerable variability in engagement of open research practices, differences across career stage and subdiscipline of psychology are small by comparison. We observed consistent differences according to respondent's research methodology and based on the presence of institutional support for open research. COM‐B dimensions were collectively significant predictors of engagement in open research, with automatic motivation emerging as a consistently strong predictor. We discuss these findings, outline some of the challenges experienced in this study, and offer suggestions and recommendations for future research. Estimating the prevalence of responsible research practices is important to assess sustained behaviour change in research reform, tailor educational training initiatives, and to understand potential factors that might impact engagement.
Effect of detrusor underactivity on surgical outcomes of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate
Authors: Jeong Hyun Ju , Lee Hyomyoung , Choo Min Soo , Cho Sung Yong , Jeong Seong Jin , Oh Seung‐June 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of detrusor underactivity (DUA) on the postoperative outcomes of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Patients and MethodsPatients with BPH who underwent HoLEP between January 2018 and December 2022 were enrolled in this prospective database study. Patients were divided into DUA (bladder contractility index [BCI] <100) and non‐DUA (BCI ≥100) groups. Objective (maximum urinary flow rate [Qmax], post‐void residual urine volume [PVR]) and subjective outcomes (International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS], Overactive Bladder Symptom Score [OABSS], satisfaction with treatment question [STQ], overall response assessment [ORA], and willingness to undergo surgery question [WUSQ]) were compared between the two groups before surgery, and at 3 and 6 months after HoLEP.ResultsA total of 689 patients, with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 69.8 (7.1) years, were enrolled. The mean (SD) BCI in the non‐DUA (325 [47.2%]) and DUA (364 [52.8%]) groups was 123.4 (21.4) and 78.6 (14.2), respectively. Both objective (Qmax and PVR) and subjective (IPSS, IPSS‐quality of life, and OABSS) outcomes after surgery significantly improved in both groups. The Qmax was lower in the DUA than in the non‐DUA group postoperatively. At 6 months postoperatively, the total IPSS was higher in the DUA than in the non‐DUA group. There were no significant differences in surgical complications between the two groups. Responses to the STQ, ORA, and WUSQ at 6 months postoperatively demonstrated that the patients were satisfied with the surgery (90.5% in the DUA group; 95.2% in the non‐DUA group), their symptoms improved with surgery (95.9% in the DUA group; 100.0% in the non‐DUA group), and they were willing to undergo surgery again (95.9% in the DUA group; 97.9% in the non‐DUA group). There were no significant differences in the responses to the STQ and WUSQ between the two groups.ConclusionOur midterm results demonstrated that patients with BPH and DUA showed minimal differences in clinical outcomes after HoLEP compared to those without DUA. The overall satisfaction was high in the DUA group.
Novel drugs approved by the EMA, the FDA, and the MHRA in 2023: A year in review
Authors: Papapetropoulos Andreas , Topouzis Stavros , Alexander Steve P. H. , Cortese‐Krott Miriam , Kendall Dave A. , Martemyanov Kirill A. , Mauro Claudio , Nagercoil Nithyanandan , Panettieri Reynold A. , Patel Hemal H. , Schulz Rainer , Stefanska Barbara , Stephens Gary J. , Teixeira Mauro M. , Vergnolle Nathalie , Wang Xin , Ferdinandy Péter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn 2023, seventy novel drugs received market authorization for the first time in either Europe (by the EMA and the MHRA) or in the United States (by the FDA). Confirming a steady recent trend, more than half of these drugs target rare diseases or intractable forms of cancer. Thirty drugs are categorized as “first‐in‐class” (FIC), illustrating the quality of research and innovation that drives new chemical entity discovery and development. We succinctly describe the mechanism of action of most of these FIC drugs and discuss the therapeutic areas covered, as well as the chemical category to which these drugs belong. The 2023 novel drug list also demonstrates an unabated emphasis on polypeptides (recombinant proteins and antibodies), Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (gene and cell therapies) and RNA therapeutics, including the first‐ever approval of a CRISPR‐Cas9‐based gene‐editing cell therapy.
No effects of macroconsumer exclusion on macroinvertebrate functional composition in Brazilian karst streams along a gradient of riparian forest loss
Authors: Corrêa Elaine Cristina , Utz Ryan Michael , Ribas Augusto Cesar De Aquino , Vianna Débora Quadros Moreira , Dalponti Guilherme , Covich Alan Paul , Roque Fabio De Oliveira 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDegradation and loss of riparian vegetation are some of the main drivers of change in the trophic interactions among aquatic macroconsumers. These changes can often have major consequences for biodiversity and stream ecosystem functioning. Yet, many aspects of food‐web dynamics are still not well understood, including how food webs among tropical streams respond to riparian vegetation loss. We examined the role of macroconsumers on community structure of functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates along a forest cover gradient within the Bodoquena Plateau, Brazil. We compared the effect of excluding macroconsumers (using electric fences) on functional feeding groups to those in controls within seven karst streams along a gradient of riparian vegetation cover. Aquatic insect and gastropod communities were dominated by groups of collector‐gatherers, scrapers, and predators across all sites. The exclusion of macroconsumers did not lead to an increase in the abundance of macroinvertebrates and was not affected by the forest cover during the experiment. These findings demonstrated that the experimental exclusion of macroconsumers resulted in a lack of or negligible effect on functional feeding groups along the gradient of forest cover. It is important to consider the specificity of trophic relationships to fully understand the effects of vegetation loss on streams where complex groundwater hydrology can also affect food webs such as in karst terrain.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Undiagnosed rare disease clinic identifies a novel UBE3A variant in two sisters with Angelman syndrome: The end of a diagnostic odyssey
Authors: Bruns Rebecca , Liaqat Khurram , Nasir Abdul , Treat Kayla , Murthy Vinaya S. , Mantcheva Lili , Torres Wilfredo , Conboy Erin , Vetrini Francesco 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAngelman syndrome (AS, MIM #105830) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe intellectual disability, profound developmental delay, movement or balance problems, an excessively cheerful disposition, and seizures. AS results from inadequate expression of the maternal UBE3A gene (MIM #601623), which encodes an E3 ligase in the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. Here we present the case of two sisters with features consistent with AS who had negative methylation analyses. An autism/intellectual disability expanded panel revealed a maternally inherited novel UBE3A (NM_001354506.2) variant c.2443C>T p.(Pro815Ser) in both patients that was initially classified as a variant of uncertain significance. The patients were enrolled in Indiana University's Undiagnosed Rare Disease Clinic (URDC) to further investigate the variant. Additional data, including deep phenotyping, familial segregation analysis, and in silico studies, suggest that the variant is likely pathogenic. 3D modeling studies based on the available crystal structure revealed that the Pro815Ser variant can introduce more flexibility into the protein and alter its enzymatic activity. Recent literature confirms the pathogenic nature of the variant. Reanalysis of the UBE3A variant has heightened existing knowledge of AS and has offered this family an end to their diagnostic odyssey.
Intrarectal formalin treatment for haemorrhagic radiation‐induced proctopathy: efficacy and safety
Authors: Kohoutova Darina , Wilson Ana , Gee Caroline , Elhusseiny Ramy , Wanders Linda , Cunningham David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimPelvic radiotherapy is limited by dose‐dependent toxicity to surrounding organs. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrarectal formalin treatment for radiotherapy‐induced haemorrhagic proctopathy (RHP) at the Royal Marsden Hospital.MethodAdult patients were enrolled. Haemoglobin was evaluated before and after formalin treatment. Antiplatelet and/or anticoagulation treatment and administration of transfusion were recorded. The interval between completion of radiotherapy and the first intrarectal 5% formalin treatment was assessed and the dose of radiotherapy was evaluated. Clinical assessment of the frequency and amount of rectal bleeding (rectal bleeding score 1–6) and endoscopic appearance (grade 0–3) were classified. Complications were recorded.ResultsNineteen patients were enrolled, comprising 13 men (68%) and 6 women. The mean age was 75 ± 9 years. The median time between completion of radiotherapy and the first treatment was 20 months [interquartile range (IQR) 15 months] and the median dose of radiotherapy was 68 Gy (IQR 14 Gy). Thirty‐two procedures were performed (average 1.7 per patient). In total, 9/19 (47%) patients were receiving anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet medication and 5/19 (26%) received transfusion prior to treatment. The mean value of serum haemoglobin before the first treatment was 110 ± 18 g/L and afterwards it was 123 ± 16 g/L (p = 0.022). The median rectal bleeding score before the first treatment was 6 (IQR 0) and afterwards 2 (IQR 1–4; p < 0.001), while the median endoscopy score on the day of first treatment was 3 (IQR 0) compared with 1 (IQR 1–2) on the day of the last treatment 1 (p < 0.001). One female patient with a persistent rectal ulcer that eventually healed (18 months of healing) subsequently developed rectovaginal fistula (complication rate 1/19, 5%).ConclusionsTreatment with intrarectal formalin in RHP is effective and safe.
Key roles of the cytotechnologists and biomedical scientists in interventional pathology: The foundation of a seamless workflow
Authors: del Mar Olmo Fernandez Maria , Wheeldon Leonie , Villar‐Zarra Karen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper delves into the integral role of cytotechnologists (CTs) and biomedical scientists (BMSs) in interventional pathology, emphasizing their multifaceted responsibilities. From meticulous pre‐procedural preparations to real‐time decision‐making and post‐procedural care, CTs/BMSs significantly contribute to diagnostic efficiency. Their involvement is critical in optimizing patient outcomes.
Use of cardiac contractility modulation combined with left bundle branch pacing CRT‐P in a female with a 22‐year history of non‐ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: A case report
Authors: Fang Lili , Ma Yuxiao , Wu Yueming , Ge Yan , Liang Xianming , Tang Rong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a novel device‐based therapy used to treat patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In both randomized clinical trials and real‐life studies, CCM has been shown to improve exercise tolerance and quality of life, reverse left ventricular remodeling, and reduce hospitalization in patients with HFrEF. In this case report, we describe for the first time the use of CCM combined with left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker (CRT‐P) implantation therapy in a female with a 22‐year history of non‐ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. With the optimal medical therapy and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) strategies, the patient's quality of life initially recovered to some extent, but began to deteriorate in the past year. Additionally, heart transplantation was not considered due to economic reasons and late stage systolic heart failure. This is the first case of CCM implantation in Fujian Province and the first report of a combined CCM and left bundle branch pacing CRT‐P implantation strategy in a patient with non‐ischemic etiology dilated cardiomyopathy in China.
Oestradiol and osteoclast differentiation: Effects on p53 and mitochondrial metabolism
Authors: Marques‐Carvalho Adriana , Silva Beatriz , Pereira Francisco B. , Kim Ha‐Neui , Almeida Maria , Sardão Vilma A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundOestrogen deficiency increases bone resorption, contributing to osteoporosis development. Yet, the mechanisms mediating the effects of oestrogen on osteoclasts remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the early metabolic alteration induced by RANKL, the essential cytokine in osteoclastogenesis and 17‐beta‐oestradiol (E2) on osteoclast progenitor cells, using RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line and primary bone marrow‐derived macrophages as biological models.ResultsThis research demonstrated that, in osteoclast precursors, RANKL stimulates complex I activity, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondria‐derived ATP production as early as 3 h of exposure. This effect on mitochondrial bioenergetics is associated with an increased capacity to oxidize TCA cycle substrates, fatty acids and amino acids. E2 inhibited all effects of RANKL on mitochondria metabolism. In the presence of RANKL, E2 also decreased cell number and stimulated the mitochondrial‐mediated apoptotic pathway, detected as early as 3 h. Further, the pro‐apoptotic effects of E2 during osteoclast differentiation were associated with an accumulation of p392S‐p53 in mitochondria.ConclusionsThese findings elucidate the early effects of RANKL on osteoclast progenitor metabolism and suggest novel p53‐mediated mechanisms that contribute to postmenopausal osteoporosis.
A novel model for curriculum design: Preparation, planning, prototyping, and piloting
Authors: Senior Anthea , Starchuk Colleen , Gaudet‐Amigo Gisele , Green Jacqueline , Patterson Steven , Perez Arnaldo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDental education continuously strives to provide students with positive and meaningful learning experiences. Developing or improving a curriculum usually encompasses three main phases: design, implementation, and evaluation. Most research on curriculum development in dental education has focused on the last two phases. Our commentary addresses this gap by describing a new model for curriculum design that effectively guided the design phase of the complete overhaul of the four‐year Doctor of Dental Surgery curriculum at the School of Dentistry, University of Alberta. Built on the strengths of pre‐existing curriculum design models, the new model provided enough structure and rigour to support the complexity required during a complete curriculum redesign whilst still allowing sufficient consultation and flexibility to encourage stakeholder engagement. The steps of the new 4P's model (preparation, planning, prototyping, and piloting) and main actions within each step are described. Challenges observed in each step and strategies to address them are reported. Other institutions embarking on renewing or redesigning a curriculum at a program level may benefit from using a curriculum design process similar to the 4P's model. Recommendations are discussed including the inclusion of educational consultants in the curriculum renewal committee, the importance of a leadership that effectively supports curriculum reform, purposeful engagement of stakeholders during each step of the design phase and ensuring that project and change management occur concurrently.
Behavioural plasticity compensates for adaptive loss of cricket song
Authors: Schneider Will T. , Rutz Christian , Bailey Nathan W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBehavioural flexibility might help animals cope with costs of genetic variants under selection, promoting genetic adaptation. However, it has proven challenging to experimentally link behavioural flexibility to the predicted compensation of population‐level fitness. We tested this prediction using the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus. In Hawaiian populations, a mutation silences males and protects against eavesdropping parasitoids. To examine how the loss of this critical acoustic communication signal impacts offspring production and mate location, we developed a high‐resolution, individual‐based tracking system for low‐light, naturalistic conditions. Offspring production did not differ significantly in replicate silent versus singing populations, and fitness compensation in silent conditions was associated with significantly increased locomotion in both sexes. Our results provide evidence that flexible behaviour can promote genetic adaptation via compensation in reproductive output and suggest that rapid evolution of animal communication systems may be less constrained than previously appreciated.
Some young adults can maintain good oral health despite socioeconomic challenges
Authors: Nordström Marie , Carlsson Peter , Ericson Dan , Hedenbjörk‐Lager Anders , Jansson Henrik , Wolf Eva , Hänsel Petersson Gunnel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe association between dental caries experience and socioeconomic status, as reflected in income and educational level, is well known. However, some individuals maintain good health despite socioeconomic disadvantage. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore salutogenic (health‐promoting) factors among healthy caries‐free young adults of low socioeconomic status. Seventeen participants (11 women), 19–23 years of age, who were caries‐free and of low socioeconomic status were interviewed in‐depth. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The theme revealed was ‘Building trust and shifting responsibility from parent to child throughout children's development lays the salutogenic foundation for oral health’, comprising three categories: (i) a basis for health; (ii) creating one's own path by testing wings; and (iii) developing resources for health. A feeling of trust was expressed, participants were confident in the unconditional support of their caregivers, and caregivers were trusting participants to be able to take control over their own oral health. Health‐promotive factors were established not only by instilling healthy habits during childhood, but also by parental guidance through adolescence, enabling young adults to develop resources and assets to take control over their own health independently.
Efficient Market Hypothesis on the blockchain: A social‐media‐based index for cryptocurrency efficiency
Authors: Polyzos Efstathios , Rubbaniy Ghulame , Mazur Mieszko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes the use of social media as a proxy for financial information. Using an extended sample of 53,580,759 tweets and employing text analysis tools (Latent Dirichlet Allocation and Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency), we determine the information being exchanged on any given day. We train machine‐learning classifiers and forecast crypto price movements for more than 8000 cryptocurrencies and gauge market efficiency through successful forecasts based on public information. We propose various metrics of market efficiency for cryptocurrency assets and demonstrate that market efficiency is higher during the first 6 months after the Initial Coin Offering. We also examine the efficiency behavior of individual currencies during crisis periods.