bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Overweight and Obesity in Portugal: The National Health Surveys 1995–6 and 1998–9
Authors: Marques‐Vidal Pedro , Dias Carlos Matias 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To assess overweight and obesity trends in the Portuguese population.Research Methods and Procedures: National Health Surveys, conducted in 1995–6 (17, 989 men; 20, 249 women) and 1998–9 (17, 923 men; 20, 302 women), were used.Results: In men, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 39.9% (95% CI: 39.2 to 40.6) and 10.3% (95% CI: 9.9 to 10.7), respectively, in 1995–6, to 42.5% (95% CI: 41.8 to 43.2) and 11.5% (95% CI: 11.0 to 12.0), respectively, in 1998–9. In women, prevalence of obesity increased from 12.7% (95% CI: 12.2 to 13.2) in 1995–6 to 14.2% (95% CI: 13.7 to 14.6) in 1998–9, whereas the prevalence of overweight remained stable: 32.2% (95% CI: 31.6 to 32.9) in 1995–6 and 32.3% (95% CI: 31.6 to 32.9) in 1998–9. In men, prevalence of overweight and obesity were higher among former smokers and educational group of 6 to 12 years, and prevalence of obesity was higher in the Lisbon region. In women, prevalence of overweight and obesity were higher among never smokers, and prevalence of obesity was higher among educational group of −6 years. Prevalence of obesity was higher in the Alentejo region, and overweight was higher in the Center region. Finally, prevalence of obesity increased in both sexes for all strata studied (age, smoking status, educational level, and geographic region), whereas prevalence of overweight increased only in men.Discussion: In Portugal, overweight and obesity levels are related to sociodemographic factors; the increase in obesity levels stresses the need for preventive measures.
Consuming Fructose‐sweetened Beverages Increases Body Adiposity in Mice
Authors: Jürgens Hella , Haass Wiltrud , Castañeda Tamara R. , Schürmann Annette , Koebnick Corinna , Dombrowski Frank , Otto Bärbel , Nawrocki Andrea R. , Scherer Philipp E. , Spranger Jochen , Ristow Michael , Joost Hans‐Georg , Havel Peter J. , Tschöp Matthias H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: The marked increase in the prevalence of obesity in the United States has recently been attributed to the increased fructose consumption. To determine if and how fructose might promote obesity in an animal model, we measured body composition, energy intake, energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and several endocrine parameters related to energy homeostasis in mice consuming fructose.Research Methods and Procedures: We compared the effects of ad libitum access to fructose (15% solution in water), sucrose (10%, popular soft drink), and artificial sweetener (0% calories, popular diet soft drink) on adipogenesis and energy metabolism in mice.Results: Exposure to fructose water increased adiposity, whereas increased fat mass after consumption of soft drinks or diet soft drinks did not reach statistical significance (n = 9 each group). Total intake of energy was unaltered, because mice proportionally reduced their caloric intake from chow. There was a trend toward reduced energy expenditure and increased respiratory quotient, albeit not significant, in the fructose group. Furthermore, fructose produced a hepatic lipid accumulation with a characteristic pericentral pattern.Discussion: These data are compatible with the conclusion that a high intake of fructose selectively enhances adipogenesis, possibly through a shift of substrate use to lipogenesis.
Increased Cortisol Bioavailability, Abdominal Obesity, and the Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Women
Authors: Duclos Martine , Pereira Patricia Marquez , Barat Pascal , Gatta Blandin , Roger Patrick 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: This study was conducted to obtain a detailed profile of hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis activity and reactivity and its differential relationships with body fat distribution and total fat mass in premenopausal obese women.Research Methods and Procedures: Cortisol responses to stimulation (awakening, food intake, exercise) and suppression (0.25 mg dexamethasone), cortisol metabolism, and tissue sensitivity to glucocorticoids were studied in 53 premenopausal obese women grouped according to their waist‐to hip ratio: women with abdominal body fat distribution (A‐BFD; n = 31) and women with peripheral fat distribution (P‐BFD; n = 22).Results: Comparatively, A‐BFD women had 1) lower awakening salivary cortisol levels; 2) increased salivary responsiveness to a standardized lunch; 3) similar pituitary sensitivity to dexamethasone but decreased sensitivity of monocytes to dexamethasone; 4) similar 24‐hour urinary free cortisol but increased 24‐hour urinary ratio of cortisone‐to‐cortisol; and 5) no difference in corticosteroid binding protein parameters.Discussion: Although abdominal obesity is not very different from generalized obesity in terms of HPA function, subtle variations in HPA axis activity and reactivity are evidenced in A‐BFD premenopausal obese women.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Extremely Overweight Adolescents undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Kalra Maninder , Inge Thomas , Garcia Victor , Daniels Stephen , Lawson Louise , Curti Rebecca , Cohen Aliza , Amin Raouf 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives: To determine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in extremely overweight adolescents and to examine the effect of significant weight loss on OSA severity.Research Methods and Procedures: We reviewed the anthropometric and polysomnographic data on all extremely overweight adolescents who underwent laparoscopic Roux en Y gastric bypass surgery at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center from July 2001 to September 2004. Repeat polysomnograms were performed after significant weight loss. Comparisons were made between pre‐ and postoperative polysomnographic data.Results: Nineteen of 34 patients (55%) who underwent bariatric surgery were diagnosed with OSA. Subsequent to surgery, 10 of these patients returned for follow‐up polysomnographic testing. After significant weight loss (mean, 58 kg), OSA severity markedly decreased in all patients (median apnea‐hypopnea index at baseline vs. after weight loss, 9.1 vs. 0.65).Discussion: Our study indicated that OSA was highly prevalent in extremely overweight adolescents meeting eligibility criteria for bariatric surgery. The significant weight loss after gastric bypass was associated with a marked reduction in OSA severity.
Effect of Screening Out Implausible Energy Intake Reports on Relationships between Diet and BMI
Authors: Huang Terry T.‐K. , Roberts Susan B. , Howarth Nancy C. , McCrory Megan A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: We present an updated method for identifying physiologically implausible dietary reports by comparing reported energy intake (rEI) with predicted energy requirements (pER), and we examine the impact of excluding these reports.Research Methods and Procedures: Adult data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals 1994 to 1996 were used. pER was calculated from the dietary reference intake equations. Within‐subject variations and errors in rEI [coefficient of variation (CV) ∼ 23%] over 2 days (d), pER (CV ∼ 11%), and measured total energy expenditure (mTEE; doubly labeled water, CV ∼ 8.2%) were propagated, where ±1 SD = . Thus, a report was identified as implausible if rEI was not within 78% to 122% of pER. Multiple cut‐offs between ±1 and ±2 SD were tested.Results: %rEI/pER = 81% in the total sample (n = 6499) and progressively increased to 95% in the ±1 SD sample (n = 2685). The ±1 to 1.4 SD samples yielded rEI‐weight associations closest to the theoretical relationship (mTEE to weight). Weak or spurious diet—BMI associations were present in the total sample; ±1 to 1.4 SD samples showed the strongest set of associations and provided the maximum n while maintaining biological plausibility.Discussion: Our methodology can be applied to different data sets to evaluate the impact of implausible rEIs on health outcomes. Implausible rEIs reduce the overall validity of a sample, and not excluding them may lead to inappropriate conclusions about potential dietary causes of health outcomes such as obesity.
Parity and Body Weight in the United States: Differences by Race and Size of Place of Residence
Authors: Lee Soo‐Kyung , Sobal Jeffery , Frongillo Edward A. , Olson Christine M. , Wolfe Wendy S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: In women, parity has been studied in relation to body weights. This study examined whether and how relationships between parity and body weight differ by race and size of place of residence, adjusting for sociodemographic factors (age, income, education, working status, and marital status) and health behaviors (alcohol consumption, birth control pills, diet, physical activity, and smoking).Research Methods and Procedures: A U.S. national sample of 3398 white and black women from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used to study the relationships using multiple linear regression analysis.Results: The parity—weight relationships varied by race and size of place of residence. After adjusting for the covariates, significant relationships between parity and body weight were found only in black women in metropolitan areas and white women in non‐metropolitan areas. Compared with women with no children, white women with two children living in non‐metropolitan areas tended to have lower BMIs, whereas black women in metropolitan areas with one or two children showed higher BMIs.Discussion: Overall, the parity—weight relationships in these groups of women were not strong or linear. The parity—weight relationships of black women in non‐metropolitan areas warrant further examination.
Basal Endothelial Nitric Oxide Release Is Preserved in Overweight and Obese Adults
Authors: DeSouza Christopher A. , van Guilder Gary P. , Greiner Jared J. , Smith Derek T. , Hoetzer Greta L. , Stauffer Brian L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Impaired basal nitric oxide release is associated with a number of cardiovascular disorders including hypertension, arterial spasm, and myocardial infarction. We determined whether basal endothelial nitric oxide release is reduced in otherwise healthy overweight and obese adult humans.Research Methods and Procedures: Seventy sedentary adults were studied: 32 normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m2), 24 overweight (BMI ≥ 25 < 30 kg/m2), and 14 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to intra‐arterial infusions of Ng‐monomethyl‐l‐arginine (5 mg/min), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, were used as an index of basal nitric oxide release.Results: Ng‐monomethyl‐l‐arginine elicited significant reductions in FBF in the normal weight (from 4.1 ± 0.2 to 2.7 ± 0.2 mL/100 mL tissue/min), overweight (4.1 ± 0.1 to 2.8 ± 0.2 mL/100 mL tissue/min), and obese (3.9 ± 0.3 to 2.7 ± 0.2 mL/100 mL tissue/min) subjects. Importantly, the magnitude of reduction in FBF (∼30%) was similar among the groups.Discussion: These results indicate that the capacity of the endothelium to release nitric oxide under basal conditions is not compromised in overweight and obese adults.
Childhood Maltreatment in Extremely Obese Male and Female Bariatric Surgery Candidates**
Authors: Grilo Carlos M. , Masheb Robin M. , Brody Michelle , Toth Claudia , Burke‐Martindale Carolyn H. , Rothschild Bruce S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine rates of self‐reported childhood maltreatment in extremely obese bariatric surgery candidates and to explore associations with sex, eating disorder features, and psychological functioning.Research Methods and Procedures: Three hundred forty (58 men and 282 women) extremely obese consecutive candidates for gastric bypass surgery completed a questionnaire battery. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was given to assess childhood maltreatment.Results: Overall, 69% of patients self‐reported childhood maltreatment: 46% reported emotional abuse, 29% reported physical abuse, 32% reported sexual abuse, 49% reported emotional neglect, and 32% reported physical neglect. Except for higher rates of emotional abuse reported by women, different forms of maltreatment did not differ significantly by sex. Different forms of maltreatment were generally not associated with binge eating, current BMI, or eating disorder features. At the Bonferonni‐corrected significance level, emotional abuse was associated with higher eating concerns and body dissatisfaction, and emotional neglect was associated with higher eating concerns. In terms of psychological functioning, at the Bonferonni‐corrected level, emotional abuse and emotional neglect were associated with higher depression and lower self‐esteem, and physical abuse was associated with higher depression.Discussion: Extremely obese bariatric surgery candidates reported rates of maltreatment comparable with those reported by clinical groups and roughly two to three times higher than normative community samples. Reported experiences of maltreatment differed little by sex and were generally not significantly associated with current BMI, binge eating, or eating disorder features. In contrast, maltreatment—notably emotional abuse and neglect—were significantly associated with higher depression and lower self‐esteem.
Adipocyte Differentiation‐related Protein in Human Skeletal Muscle: Relationship to Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Phillips Susan A. , Choe Charles C. , Ciaraldi Theodore P. , Greenberg Andrew S. , Kong Alice P. S. , Baxi Sunita C. , Christiansen Louis , Mudaliar Sunder R. , Henry Robert R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine whether adipocyte differentiation‐related protein (ADRP), a lipid droplet—associated protein that binds to and sequesters intracellular fatty acids, is 1) expressed in human skeletal muscle and 2) differentially regulated in human skeletal muscle obtained from obese non‐diabetic (OND) and obese diabetic (OD) subjects.Research Methods and Procedures: Ten OND subjects and 15 OD subjects underwent a weight loss or pharmacological intervention program to improve insulin sensitivity. Anthropometric data, hemoglobin A1C, fasting glucose, lipids, and glucose disposal rate were determined at baseline and at completion of studies. Biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle (SkM) were obtained in the fasting state from OND and OD subjects. Protein expression was determined by Western blotting.Results: ADRP was highly expressed in SkM from OND (4.4 ± 1.54 AU/10 μg, protein, n = 10) and OD (5.02 ± 1.33 AU/10 μg, n = 12) subjects. OND subjects undergoing weight loss had decreased triglyceride levels and improved insulin action. SkM ADRP content increased with weight loss from 5.14 ± 2.15 AU/10 μg to 9.92 ± 1.57 AU/10 μg (p < 0.025). OD subjects were treated with either troglitazone or metformin, together with glyburide, for 3 to 4 months. Both treatments attained similar levels of glycemic control. OD subjects with lower baseline ADRP content (2.85 ± 1.07 AU/10 μg, n = 6) displayed up‐regulation of ADRP expression (to 9.27 ± 2.76 AU/10 μg, p < 0.025).Discussion: ADRP is the predominant lipid droplet—associated protein in SkM, and low ADRP expression is up‐regulated in circumstances of improved glucose tolerance. Up‐regulation of ADRP may act to sequester fatty acids as triglycerides in discrete lipid droplets that could protect muscle from the detrimental effects of fatty acids on insulin action and glucose tolerance.
Prevalence, Characteristics, and Correlates of Teasing Experiences among Overweight Children vs. Non‐overweight Peers
Authors: Hayden‐Wade Helen A. , Stein Richard I. , Ghaderi Ata , Saelens Brian E. , Zabinski Marion F. , Wilfley Denise E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Information regarding the prevalence, nature, sources, and psychosocial correlates of teasing was obtained for overweight (OV) children (10 to 14 years of age) vs. non‐overweight (non‐OV) peers. It was hypothesized that weight‐related teasing would be negatively correlated with self‐esteem in specific domains and with enjoyment of physical/social activities and positively correlated with loneliness, bulimic behaviors, body dissatisfaction, and enjoyment of sedentary/isolative activities.Research Methods and Procedures: Teasing experiences and psychosocial correlates were assessed among OV children from a fitness camp and a demographically similar school sample of non‐OV children.Results: Among the OV children, appearance‐related teasing was more prevalent, frequent, and upsetting, involved disparaging nicknames focusing more on weight rather than less stigmatized aspects of appearance, and more often perpetrated by peers in general rather than a specific peer. Degree of teasing within the full sample was significantly associated with higher weight concerns, more loneliness, poorer self‐perception of one's physical appearance, higher preference for sedentary/isolative activities, and lower preference for active/social activities, all but the latter association holding up above and beyond actual weight status and demographics. Among OV children, teasing was associated with bulimic behaviors. Associations with type of teasing showed specificity, with weight‐related teasing predicting weight and appearance variables and competency‐related teasing related to social domain factors.Discussion: When frequency, intensity, emotional impact, and stigmatized content are examined, findings indicate that teasing is more severe for OV children. Effective interventions are needed to help victims cope with and prevent further weight‐related teasing, which may improve peer functioning, enhance weight control efforts, and reduce risk for future eating disturbance.
Relationship of BMI, Waist Circumference, and Weight Change with Use of Health Services by Older Adults
Authors: León‐Muñoz Luz M. , Guallar‐Castillón Pilar , López García Esther , Banegas José R. , Gutiérrez‐Fisac Juan L. , Rodríguez‐Artalejo Fernando 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine the relationship of BMI, waist circumference (WC), and weight change with use of health care services by older adults.Research Methods and Procedures: This was a prospective cohort study conducted from 2001 to 2003 among 2919 persons representative of the non‐institutionalized Spanish population ≥60 years of age. Analyses were performed using logistic regression, with adjustment for age, educational level, size of place of residence, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and presence of chronic disease.Results: Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (WC >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women) in 2001 were associated with greater use of certain health care services among men and women in the period 2001–2003. Compared with women with WC ≤ 88 cm, women with abdominal obesity were more likely to visit primary care physicians [odds ratio (OR): 1.36; 95% confidence limit (CL): 1.06–1.73] and receive influenza vaccination (OR: 1.30; 95% CL: 1.03–1.63). Weight gain was not associated with greater health service use by either sex, regardless of baseline BMI. Weight loss was associated with greater health service use by obese and non‐obese subjects of both sexes. In comparison with those who reported no important weight change, non‐obese women who lost weight were more likely to visit hospital specialists (OR: 1.45; 95% CL: 1.02–2.06), receive home medical visits (OR: 1.61; 95% CL: 1.06–2.45), be hospitalized (OR: 1.88; 95% CL: 1.29–2.74), and have more than one hospital admission (OR: 2.31; 95% CL: 1.19–4.47).Discussion: Obesity and weight loss are associated with greater health service use among the elderly.
Positive Maternal Attitude to the Family Eating Together Decreases the Risk of Adolescent Overweight
Authors: Mamun Abdullah A. , Lawlor Debbie A. , O'Callaghan Michael J. , Williams Gail M. , Najman Jake M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives: To determine whether maternal attitude towards the family regularly eating together and maternal report of how often the family eat together are associated with adolescent offspring overweight.Research Methods and Procedures: A cross‐sectional mother‐child‐linked analysis was carried out using 14‐year follow‐up data from a population‐based prospective birth cohort of 3795 children (52% males) who were participants in the Mater‐University study of pregnancy, Brisbane, Australia. Maternal reports on family eating pattern reported at age 14 were used.Results: The prevalence of overweight at age 14 was 24.1% (95% confidence interval (CI), 22.3, 26.1) for males and 27.1% (CI, 25.1, 29.2) for females. The majority of mothers (78%) reported that the family ate together at least once a day, but only 43% reported that they felt that family eating together was important. The offspring of women who felt that the family eating together was not important had increased odds of being overweight at age 14 (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05, 1.53) in age‐ and sex‐adjusted models. Adjustment for potential confounding factors had no substantive effect on the association. There was no association between maternal reports of how often the family actually did eat together and overweight at age 14 in the offspring.Discussion: These findings suggest that maternal attitude towards family eating patterns, but not maternal report of how often the family do eat together, are associated with childhood overweight status. Maternal attitude towards family eating (as opposed to a report of actual frequency at one time‐point) may reflect broader maternal influences (beyond family eating pattern) on their child's diet and eating patterns over a long time course.
Ethnic Differences in Visceral Adipose Tissue and Type 2 Diabetes: Filipino, African‐American, and White Women
Authors: Araneta Maria Rosario G. , Barrett‐Connor Elizabeth 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To compare ethnic differences in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), assessed by computed tomography, and type 2 diabetes risk among 55‐ to 80‐year‐old Filipino, African‐American, and white women without known cardiovascular disease.Research Methods and Procedures: Subjects were participants in the Rancho Bernardo Study (n = 196), the Filipino Women's Health Study (n = 181), and the Health Assessment Study of African‐American Women (n = 193). Glucose and anthropometric measurements were assessed between 1995 and 2002.Results: African‐American women had significantly higher age‐adjusted BMI (29.7 kg/m2) and waist girth (88.1 cm) compared with Filipino (BMI, 25.5 kg/m2; waist girth, 81.9 cm) or white (BMI: 26.0 kg/m2; waist girth: 80.7 cm) women. However, VAT was significantly higher among Filipino (69.1 cm3) compared with white (62.3 cm3; p = 0.037) or African‐American (57.5 cm3, p < 0.001) women. VAT correlated better with BMI (r = 0.69) and waist (r = 0.77) in whites, compared with Filipino (r = 0.42; r = 0.59) or African‐American (r = 0.50; r = 0.56) women. Age‐adjusted type 2 diabetes prevalence was significantly higher in Filipinas (32.1%) than in white (5.8%) or African‐American (12.1%) women. Filipinas had higher type 2 diabetes risk compared with African Americans [adjusted odds ratio, 2.30; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09 to 4.86] or whites (adjusted odds ratio, 7.51; 95% CI, 2.51 to 22.5) after adjusting for age, VAT, exercise, education, and alcohol intake.Discussion: VAT was highest among Filipinas despite similar BMI and waist circumference as whites. BMI and waist circumference were weaker estimates of VAT in Filipino and African‐American women than in whites. Type 2 diabetes prevalence was highest among Filipino women at every level of VAT, but VAT did not explain their elevated type 2 diabetes risk.