bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Alterations in Host Phenotype and Transcript Accumulation following Hypovirus and Mycoreovirus Infections of the Chestnut Blight Fungus
Cryphonectria parasitica
Authors: Deng Fuyou , Allen Todd D. , Hillman Bradley I. , Nuss Donald L. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

Infection of the chestnut blight fungus,
Cryphonectria parasitica
, by hypovirus CHV1-EP713 or by reovirus MyRV1-Cp9B21 or MyRV2-CpC18 results in reduced fungal virulence (hypovirulence). However, additional phenotypic changes caused by the two groups of mycoviruses are quite different. We now report that the loss of female fertility and the resulting absence of virus transmission through sexual spores observed after hypovirus infection was not observed for reovirus-infected
C. parasitica
. Consistent with this result, expression of two genes involved in sexual reproduction, the pheromone precursor gene,
Mf2/1
, and the yeast
STE12
-like transcriptional factor gene,
cpst12
, was less reduced in reovirus-infected strains than in the hypovirus CHV1-EP713-infected strain. Analysis with a custom microarray cDNA chip containing expressed sequence tag clones representing approximately 2,200 unique
C. parasitica
genes identified 140 and 128 host genes that were responsive to MyRV1-Cp9B21 or MyRV2-CpC18 infection, respectively. Comparison of these virus-responsive genes revealed an overlap of 85 genes, even though the nucleotide sequence identity for the two reoviruses is less than 50%. Significantly, 84 of the 85 genes were altered in the same direction. Further comparison revealed that 51% and 48% of the MyRV1-Cp9B21- and MyRV2-CpC18-responsive genes were also responsive to CHV1-EP713 infection. Finally, similar to results reported for CHV1-EP713 infection, a high percentage (59% and 66%) of the reovirus-responsive genes were also differentially expressed following disruption of the cellular G-protein signal transduction pathway. These data support the hypothesis that hypovirus and reovirus infections perturb common and specific
C. parasitica
regulatory pathways to cause hypovirulence and distinct sets of phenotypic changes.
Molecular Characterization of Membrane-Associated Soluble Serine Palmitoyltransferases from
Sphingobacterium multivorum
and
Bdellovibrio stolpii
Authors: Ikushiro Hiroko , Islam Mohammad Mainul , Tojo Hiromasa , Hayashi Hideyuki 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) is a key enzyme in sphingolipid biosynthesis and catalyzes the decarboxylative condensation of
l
-serine and palmitoyl coenzyme A (CoA) to form 3-ketodihydrosphingosine (KDS). Eukaryotic SPTs comprise tightly membrane-associated heterodimers belonging to the pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent α-oxamine synthase family.
Sphingomonas paucimobilis
, a sphingolipid-containing bacterium, contains an abundant water-soluble homodimeric SPT of the same family (H. Ikushiro et al., J. Biol. Chem. 276:18249-18256, 2001). This enzyme is suitable for the detailed mechanistic studies of SPT, although single crystals appropriate for high-resolution crystallography have not yet been obtained. We have now isolated three novel SPT genes from
Sphingobacterium multivorum
,
Sphingobacterium spiritivorum
, and
Bdellovibrio stolpii
, respectively. Each gene product exhibits an ∼30% sequence identity to both eukaryotic subunits, and the putative catalytic amino acid residues are conserved. All bacterial SPTs were successfully overproduced in
Escherichia coli
and purified as water-soluble active homodimers. The spectroscopic properties of the purified SPTs are characteristic of PLP-dependent enzymes. The KDS formation by the bacterial SPTs was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The
Sphingobacterium
SPTs obeyed normal steady-state ordered Bi-Bi kinetics, while the
Bdellovibrio
SPT underwent a remarkable substrate inhibition at palmitoyl CoA concentrations higher than 100 μM, as does the eukaryotic enzyme. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that unlike the cytosolic
Sphingomonas
SPT,
S. multivorum
and
Bdellovibrio
SPTs were bound to the inner membrane of cells as peripheral membrane proteins, indicating that these enzymes can be a prokaryotic model mimicking the membrane-associated eukaryotic SPT.
SpoIVB and CtpB Are Both Forespore Signals in the Activation of the Sporulation Transcription Factor σKinBacillus subtilis
Authors: Campo Nathalie , Rudner David Z. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe proteolytic activation of the mother cell transcription factor pro-σKis controlled by a signal transduction pathway during sporulation in the bacteriumBacillus subtilis. The pro-σKprocessing enzyme SpoIVFB, a membrane-embedded metalloprotease, is held inactive by two other integral membrane proteins, SpoIVFA and BofA, in the mother cell membrane that surrounds the forespore. Two signaling serine proteases, SpoIVB and CtpB, trigger pro-σKprocessing by cleaving the regulatory protein SpoIVFA. The SpoIVB signal is absolutely required to activate pro-σKprocessing and is derived from the forespore compartment. CtpB is necessary for the proper timing of σKactivation and was thought to be a mother cell signal. Here, we show that thectpBgene is expressed in both the mother cell and forespore compartments but that synthesis in the forespore under the control of σGis both necessary and sufficient for the proper timing of pro-σKprocessing. We further show that SpoIVB cleaves CtpB in vitro and in vivo but that this cleavage does not appear to be necessary for CtpB activation. Thus, both signaling proteins are made in the forespore and independently target the same regulatory protein.
Genomic Characterization of the Filamentous Integrative Bacteriophages φRSS1 and φRSM1, Which Infect
Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Kawasaki Takeru , Nagata Shoko , Fujiwara Akiko , Satsuma Hideki , Fujie Makoto , Usami Shoji , Yamada Takashi 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

The genomic DNA sequences were determined for two filamentous integrative bacteriophages, φRSS1 and φRSM1, of the phytopathogen
Ralstonia solanacearum
. The 6,662-base sequence of φRSS1 contained 11 open reading frames (ORFs). In the databases, this sequence showed high homology (95% identity) to the circular double-stranded DNA plasmid pJTPS1 (6,633 bp) isolated from a spontaneously occurring avirulent mutant of
R. solanacearum
. Two major differences between the two sequences were observed within φRSS1 ORF7, corresponding to pIII, a minor coat protein required for host adsorption, and at the φRSS1 intergenic (IG) region. The 9,004-base sequence of φRSM1 showed 12 ORFs located on the same strand (plus strand) and 2 ORFs on the opposite strand. Compared with Ff-type phages, two insertions are obvious in the φRSM1 replication module. Genomic DNA fragments containing the φRSM integration junctions were cloned and sequenced from φRSM lysogenic strain
R. solanacearum
MAFF211270. The
att
core sequence was identified as 5′-TGGCGGAGAGGGT-3′, corresponding to the 3′ end of the serine tRNA (UCG) gene. Interestingly, ORF14, located next to the
attP
site on the φRSM1 genome, showed high amino acid sequence homology with bacterial DNA recombinases and resolvases, different from XerCD recombinases.
attP
of φRSS1 is within a sequence element of the IG region.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ACQUIRED HAEMOGLOBIN ABNORMALITY CAUSED BY THERMAL INJURY
Authors: Baar S. 
Published: June 2007

Alkali denaturation of the haemoglobin derived from burned patients at various intervals from the time of the injury was investigated. A delayed denaturation curve was always found.The involvement of the transfused cells was established by a differential agglutination technique.Red cell populations were fractionated into two portions, one of which was probably enriched in younger cells. This portion was preferentially affected.A starch gel technique yielded a “slow” and a “fast” fraction of haemoglobin with differing denaturation rates, even in normals. The “slow” fraction appeared to be increased quantitatively and qualitatively, if compared with normal blood.
STRESS ZONES IN FOETAL ARTERIES
Authors: Robertson J. H. 
Published: June 2007

In a study of the peripheral arteries of foetuses it was found that focal areas of intimal thickening and of splitting of the internal elastica had developed, the thickening being similar to that found in the coronary arteries. Characteristically the thickenings were found in the mouths of branches and in those vessels subject to pulsation. It is believed that they are physiological in nature and a response of the vascular wall to the stresses produced by focal areas of impaired pulsation and not degenerative as formerly thought.The evolution of these arterial cushions is traced from early foetal life; their most important constituent is bundles of medial longitudinal muscle. Both thickening and splitting of the internal elastica are brought about by a radial reorientation and migration of the muscle cells of the media.
INFECTION WITH DIFFERENT SPECIES OF LEPTOSPIRES IN HUSBAND AND WIFE
Authors: Pathy M. S. 
Published: June 2007

Leptospirosis occurring in a husband and wife is described. Both were responsible for cleaning up the excreta of a recently acquired puppy. The wife developed leptospirosis canicola, and three months later the husband developed leptospirosis icterohaemorrhagica. Difficulty was experienced in ascertaining the infecting species of leptospire in the husband owing to the agglutination tests giving an equal rise and fall in titres for bothL. icterohaemorrhagiaeandL. canicola.The diagnosis was only confirmed after cross-absorption tests had been done.The husband developed pulmonary complications on the nineteenth day. The radiological appearances of the chest are discussed, together with a brief review of the literature on the radiological manifestations of pulmonary lesions in Weil's disease.
ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Biezenski J. J. 
Published: June 2007

It is found that serum antifibrinolytic activity is inhibitory both to the spontaneous fibrinolytic activity and to the activity of streptokinase-activated plasminogen.The titres of serum antiplasmin activity during gestation, labour, and the puerperium are all of the same order and do not differ from those in non-pregnant women. The marked decrease in the spontaneous fibrinolytic activity in late pregnancy and labour is therefore due to an actual reduction in the circulating active lytic enzyme and is not associated with a change in the antifibrinolytic activity.
SYPHILITIC PAROXYSMAL COLD HAEMOGLOBINURIA
Authors: Parish D. J. , Mitchell J. R. A. 
Published: June 2007

A case of congenital syphilis which presented with paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria is described.The patient had aortic incompetence, and the significance of this finding is discussed.The Coombs test was studied, and positive results appear to be due to interaction between antiglobulin serum and complement adsorbed on to the test cells, this adsorption being promoted by the cold antibodies.
MISLEADING SPUTUM CARTONS
Authors: Thomas C. G. A. , Gibbs F. J. 
Published: June 2007

Waxed paper sputum cartons obtained from the manufacturers contained very few organisms. Similar cartons which had been stored in hospital wards were often contaminated with hospital dust. This contamination was sometimes sufficiently marked to be misleading. Coliform organisms are particularly liable to cause confusion.Waxed cartons are useful for collecting sputum, but they must be properly stored.
POLYARTERITIS NODOSA AND CONGENITAL PYLORIC HYPERTROPHY IN A 3-MONTH-OLD INFANT
Authors: Savage T. R. , Smith J. F. 
Published: June 2007

A case of polyarteritis nodosa in the first year of life with the clinical picture dominated by pyrexia, an initial upper respiratory element, episodes of tachycardia, and sudden death three weeks after the onset is described. The necropsy showed evidence of polyarteritis nodosa, myocarditis, and valvulitis as well as congenital pyloric hypertrophy. Clinical manifestations of the latter had preceded the final illness and the two diseases were not thought to be related.The previous 19 cases reported in the first year of life are reviewed, and support is given for the concept that at this age a rash, pyrexia, upper respiratory manifestations, and progressive heart failure or sudden death are characteristic clinical manifestations and that the heart is often the site of the major lesions at necropsy.The possible role of hypersensitivity is discussed. There was no evidence for it in the present case.
N-ACETYL-β-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY IN SERUM DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Walker P. G. , Woollen Mary E. , Pugh Doreen 
Published: June 2007

A spectrophotometric method for the estimation of N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase in serum has been devised. Sera from normal adult males and females showed similar levels of activity.The activity in serum rose progressively during pregnancy and fell rapidly after parturition to normal levels. This change resembled closely that which occurs in serum β-glucuronidase.Placenta showed a moderate and chorion a high level of N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase. High N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase activity was demonstrated histochemically in decidual cells.The functions of N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and β-glucuronidase and factors influencing their activity are discussed.
THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF PLEURAL BIOPSY IN BRONCHOPULMONARY CARCINOMA
Authors: Pagel Walter , Goldfarb Susan 
Published: June 2007

The diagnosis of bronchopulmonary carcinoma was either corroborated or arrived at in 13 out of a total of 26 cases by pleural biopsy. Taken as a whole, pleural biopsy is inferior to repeated examination of the pleural exudate for neoplastic cells. In individual observations, however, the former can be found positive at a time when neither the pleural fluid nor any other material provide a diagnostic clue.In an instance of primary pleural growth (mesothelioma) its nature was recognizable in the pleural biopsy material.Pleural biopsy can correctly lead to the diagnostic exclusion of growth in favour of tuberculosis.Pleural biopsy can be suggestive of the rheumatic aetiology of changes.A pleural biopsy positive for carcinoma can be obtained on both sides.All stages, from early submesothelial deposition of individual neoplastic cells to the dense infiltration of the subserous connective and fat tissue, were observed.
THE DETERMINATION OF MAGNESIUM IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND TISSUES BY FLAME SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Authors: Alcock Nancy , MacIntyre I. , Radde Ingeborg 
Published: June 2007

A flame spectrophotometric method for estimating magnesium in biological fluids and tissues is described. It may be applied to the Zeiss spectrophotometer PMQ II with flame attachment. Interferences are small, and recoveries from plasma and urine and from ashed faeces, soft tissue, and bone are satisfactory. Calcium can be measured on the same dilutions of plasma and urine and faecal ash. Sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium can be estimated on the same dilutions of soft tissue and bone ash.The plasma magnesium concentration of normal subjects falls within a narrow range. Differences between mean normal values previously reported may be partly attributed to the magnesium salt used in preparation of standard solutions.
SERUM PROTEINS AND BLOOD ALPHA AMINO NITROGEN IN CEREBRAL PALSY
Authors: Burman David , Rembolt R. R. 
Published: June 2007

The mean serum proteins of 30 children over the age of 3 suffering from cerebral palsy was 7.20 with a standard deviation of 0.49 g. per 100 ml. No difference was found between children with the spastic and athetoid types of cerebral palsy. The electrophoretic pattern of the serum proteins did not differ in the two types, but the alpha 2 globulin diminished significantly with increasing age. There was no difference that could be considered “clinically significant” between the total serum proteins or their electrophoretic pattern in children with cerebral palsy and in four published series of normal children.The plasma and whole blood alpha amino nitrogen showed no significant difference between the two types of cerebral palsy.
A COMPARISON OF CALCULATED AND ESTIMATED OSMOLARITIES OF URINE
Authors: Roscoe M. H. 
Published: June 2007

Osmolarity has been calculated from estimated cations and organic solutes in 200 samples of urine and compared with that found by direct osmometry.In three-fifths of the samples the calculated value differs from the found by less than 5%, but in some differences of over 30 m.osmoles/l. and percentage differences of over 20 are found.Calculated values are frequently too high, this overestimation being particularly marked in alkaline urines, and a change in reaction of the urine in one subject can alter the relationship of the calculated to the true osmolarity in the course of a few hours.The findings in a small series of samples where the principal anions are estimated suggest that the osmolar activities of the solutes are less in the more alkaline urines than in the more acid ones.
THE ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF HAEMOPHILUS SPP. FROM UNUSUAL LESIONS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Rogers K. B. , Zinnemann K. , Foster W. P. 
Published: June 2007

From a high proportion of children sent to hospitalH. influenzaecan be isolated if suitable culture media are used. A number ofH. influenzaestrains were isolated from unusual sites, such as (1) blood cultures after tonsillectomy or tonsillotomy in five cases; (2) urine or the urinary tract in eight cases; (3) the lumen of appendices removed at operation in 11 cases (4%); (4) osteomyelitis or pyarthrosis in six cases; (5) miscellaneous infections including two perianal abscesses, three cases of paronychia, one infected thyroglossal cyst, and several skin infections.It is suggested that infections of the skeletal system and the urinary tract arise from haematogenous spread ofH. influenzae, as demonstrated by positive blood cultures after tonsillectomy and in two cases of skeletal infection. Infection of the appendix, perianal abscesses, paronychia, and skin infections probably arise by the direct route, either by immediate contact or by passage of viable organisms through the alimentary canal.
Sclerosing osteogenic sarcomatosis
Authors: Wolman Lionel 
Published: June 2007

A case is reported in which the amputation of a leg for a sclerosing type of osteogenic sarcoma was followed five years later by a metastasis of similar appearance in the skull. This was excised but subsequent necropsy revealed multiple bony tumours in the lungs.The rarity of multiple osteogenic sarcoma is recalled as shown by a review of the literature. Although some are thought to be of multicentric origin owing to the short history, an early haematogenous spread cannot be excluded and this latter process had certainly occurred in the present case.The characteristic radiological appearances in the skull are stressed as being diagnostic. The differential points in the histological diagnosis of the condition, especially in the invaded part of the calvarium, are described and should help to exclude a meningioma or other bone tumours.
The pathology of 111 cases of primary hepatic malignancy collected in the Liverpool region
Authors: Cruickshank A. H. 
Published: June 2007

The clinical records and preserved specimens of 111 cases of primary malignant disease of the liver have been analysed. All were diagnosed in the Merseyside area, chiefly in Liverpool and Birkenhead, and all but nine were Europeans. Necropsy was done in 89.The tumours consisted of 108 carcinomas, two sarcomas, and one mixed tumour. Liver cell carcinoma was nearly four times more frequent than carcinoma of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Both types were commoner in males, the difference between the sexes being greater in the case of liver cell carcinoma. Predisposing conditions included portal cirrhosis, haemochromatosis, and cystic malformations of bile ducts. The gross and microscopic appearances are described and the pathological effects discussed. Liver cell carcinoma tends to invade and permeate veins within the liver but seems, nevertheless, to remain limited to the liver for longer than carcinoma of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Liver cell carcinoma is more characteristic microscopically. The commonest occupation among the male cases was seafarer.
A note on platelet adhesiveness in ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Nestel P. J. 
Published: June 2007

Platelet adhesiveness was measuredin vitroin a group of patients with ischaemic heart disease and in a group of matched healthy subjects using either 1% EDTA or 3.8% sodium citrate as anticoagulant. When sodium citrate was used platelet adhesiveness was significantly greater in the group with ischaemic heart disease. However, no difference was found when EDTA was used.In both groups platelet adhesiveness was found to be significantly greater with sodium citrate than with EDTA.
Hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Harris-Jones J. N. , Ward D. J. 
Published: June 2007

An association of essential hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes mellitus is postulated. Case records are included to illustrate hypercholesterolaemia secondary to acute diabetes mellitus, and essential hypercholesterolaemia, independent of, but accompanying diabetes mellitus. Whereas in the former the serum cholesterol returns to normal and its attendant clinical manifestations resolve when the diabetes is controlled, this is not so in the latter type.Evidence is presented to show that impaired carbohydrate tolerance is not a feature of essential hypercholesterolaemia.
The significance of Howell-Jolly bodies and giant metamyelocytes in marrow smears
Authors: Dawson D. W. , Bury H. P. R. 
Published: June 2007

Howell-Jolly bodies in erythroid precursors can be found in the marrow in a variety of diseases. More than 1% in the later erythroblasts is rarely found except in vitamin B12or folic acid deficiency states.Giant metamyelocytes are probably always the result of vitamin B12or folic acid deficiency. A distinction is drawn between the deficiency of, and therapeutic need for, vitamin B12and folic acid.
The estimation of magnesium in small biological samples by flame spectrophotometry
Authors: Montgomery R. D. 
Published: June 2007

Studies of human magnesium metabolism in this laboratory called for a simple and reliable method of estimating the magnesium content of large numbers of small biological specimens (Montgomery, 1960). It has been found that a technique involving the Unicam S.P. 900 flame spectrophotometer fulfils this need.Estimations have been made on serum, red cells, urine, and acid digests of muscle and faeces. A standard instrument was used, burning acetylene and air, with a new standard atomiser containing a metal jet. Readings were made at the atomic line of 285·2 mμ.
The rapid slide agglutination test in the diagnosis of typhoid fevers and typhus
Authors: Werbin B. Z. , Kasher A. 
Published: June 2007

Of 10,000 sera examined for infectious diseases by both the rapid slide agglutination and the tube agglutination tests, 128 were found positive for typhus fever and 257 for typhoid and paratyphoid infections. Of 84 of the last mentioned cases of typhoid and paratyphoid, which were confirmed by cultural examination, 45 (53·5%) were negative to the tube test, whereas only one (1·2%) was negative to the slide test. Taking the total of 385 cases in which the clinical picture was typical and either one of the two serological tests positive, the tube test was negative in 183 cases (47·2%) whereas the slide test was negative once only (0·3%).Of 201 cases in which both the slide and tube tests were positive, the slide test gave the result, on an average, six days earlier in 19 cases (10%).A control test of 139 sera from patients suffering from various other diseases gave a negative result on the slide test.