bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting kinematics and UBVIc photometry to establish high fidelity membership of the open cluster Blanco 1
Authors: Cargile P. A. , James D. J. , Platais I. , Mermilliod J.-C. , Deliyannis C. , Steinhauer A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe present the results of a wide-field, high-precision UBVIc CCD photometric survey of the Galactic open cluster Blanco 1. Standardized photometry was acquired using the Y4Kcam on the SMARTS 1m telescope at CTIO. We have also determined new high-precision proper motions (σμ = 0.3 mas yr−1) over an eight square degree area down to V = 16.5. Combined with 1D kinematic data, our survey yields a complete list of cluster members down to ~ 0.5 M⊙ and new high-fidelity color-magnitude diagrams are presented for Blanco 1. Having established a bona fide membership catalog, astrophysical characteristics of solar-type cluster members such as X-ray activity and lithium abundance have been studied to gain more insights in the process of internal mixing and convection. Our new results should also help to better understand its peculiar location in the Milky Way and to unravel its dynamical history.
Preliminary proper motion analysis of the Carina dwarf spheroidal
Authors: Carlin J. L. , Majewski S. R. , Casetti-Dinescu D.I. , Girard T. M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe present preliminary results from a proper motion study of the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Our proper motions show a scatter of ~1.1 mas yr−1 per Carina member star, and we determinate the mean ensemble motion to an accuracy of ~7 mas century−1. While this is a precise measurement of the relative proper motions of Carina members, our correction to an absolute frame is limited by the small number of measured QSOs in the field.
Galactic kinematics near the sun from open clusters
Authors: Shen M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA catalogue of open clusters is used to analyze the Galactic kinematics near the Sun. The Galactic open clusters, which are components of Galactic thin disk, were selected for our analysis. Based on kinematical data for around 270 Galactic open clusters, we found the Galactic rotation curve remains flat near the Sun. We also found Ve = 6.40±3.39 km s−1 inside the solar circle, which shows a weak trend of stars moving toward the Galactic anti-center.
Educating astrometry and celestial mechanics students for the 21st century
Authors: van Altena W. F. , Stavinschi M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAstrometry and Celestial Mechanics have entered a new era with the advent of Micro-arcsecond positions, parallaxes and proper motions. Cutting-edge science topics will be addressed that were far beyond our grasp only a few years ago. It will be possible to determine definitive distances to Cepheid variables, the center of our Galaxy, the Magellanic Clouds and other Local Group members. We will measure the orbital parameters of dwarf galaxies that are merging with the Milky Way, define the kinematics, dynamics and structure of our Galaxy and search for evidence of the Dark Matter that makes up most of the mass in the universe. Stellar masses will be determined routinely to 1% accuracy and we will be able to make full orbit solutions and mass determinations for Extrasolar planetary systems. If we are to take advantage of Micro-arcsecond astrometry, we need to reformulate our study of reference frames, systems and the equations of motion in the context of special and general relativity. Methods also need to be developed to statistically analyze our data and calibrate our instruments to levels beyond current standards. As a consequence, our curricula must be drastically revised to meet the needs of students in the 21st Century. With the above considerations in mind, we developed a syllabus for an introductory one-semester course in Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics. This course gives broad introductions to most topics in our fields and a base of knowledge from which a student can elect areas for self-study or attendance at centers where advanced courses, workshops or internships are available.
A project of teaching ground-based astrometry
Authors: Arlot J.-E. , Jin W. J. , Zhu J. , Peng Q. Y. , Colas F. , Shen K. X. , Tang Z. H. , Zhu Z. , Lainey V. , Thuillot W. , Vienne A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe optical ground-based astrometry of solar system objects may have its accuracy strongly improved by using new methods for making observations and reductions of them. New photometric methods of observating the mutual phenomena occurring in the solar system, may provide astrometric data with a higher precision than the classical direct imaging. In order to help preparing observers for the future campaigns of observations (2008–2010) and to promote this kind of high-accuracy astrometry, we plan to organize a spring school in 2008 in Beijing, China, for PhD and post-doctoral students, and for interested young astronomers.
The Gaia mission – a rich resource for outreach activities
Authors: O'Flaherty K. S. , Douglas J. , Prusti T. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSpace science missions, and astronomy missions in particular, capture the public imagination at all levels. ESA's Gaia mission is no exception to this. In addition to its key scientific goal of providing new insight into the origin, formation, and evolution of the Milky Way, Gaia also touches on many other scientific topics of broad appeal, for example, solar system objects, stars (including rare and exotic ones), dark matter, gravitational light bending. The mission naturally provides a rich resource for outreach possibilities whether it be to the general public, or to specific interest groups, such as scientists from other fields or educators. We present some examples of possible outreach activities for Gaia.
Astrometry with digital sky surveys: from SDSS to LSST
Authors: Ivezić Ž. , Monet D. G. , Bond N. , Jurić M. , Sesar B. , Munn J. A. , Lupton R. H. , Gunn J. E. , Knapp G. R. , Tyson A. J. , Pinto P. , Cook K. ,   SDSS Collaboration and LSST Collaboration
Published: July 2008

AbstractMajor advances in our understanding of the Universe have historically come from dramatic improvements in our ability to accurately measure astronomical quantities. The astrometric observations obtained by modern digital sky surveys are enabling unprecedentedly massive and robust studies of the kinematics of the Milky Way. For example, the astrometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), together with half a century old astrometry from the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS), have enabled the construction of a catalog that includes absolute proper motions as accurate as 3 mas/year for about 20 million stars brighter than V=20, and for 80,000 spectroscopically confirmed quasars which provide exquisite error assessment. We discuss here several ongoing studies of Milky Way kinematics based on this catalog. The upcoming next-generation surveys will maintain this revolutionary progress. For example, we show using realistic simulations that the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will measure proper motions accurate to 1 mas/year to a limit 4 magnitude fainter than possible with SDSS and POSS catalogs, or with the Gaia survey. LSST will also obtain geometric parallaxes with accuracy similar to Gaia's at its faint end (0.3 mas at V=20), and extend them to V=24 with an accuracy of 3 mas. We discuss the impact that these LSST measurements will have on studies of the Milky Way kinematics, and potential synergies with the Gaia survey.
Real-time detection of actively metabolizing microbes by redox sensing as applied to methylotroph populations in Lake Washington
Authors: Kalyuzhnaya Marina G , Lidstrom Mary E , Chistoserdova Ludmila 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Redox sensor green (RSG), a novel fluorescent dye from Invitrogen was employed as a tool for real-time detection of microbes metabolically active in situ, in combination with flow cytometry and cell sorting. Lake Washington sediment, an environment known for high rates of methane oxidation, was used as a model, and methylotrophs were targeted as a functional group. We first tested and optimized the performance of the dye with pure methylotroph cultures. Most cells in actively growing cultures were positive for staining, whereas in starved cultures, few cells fluoresced. However, starved cells could be activated by addition of substrate. High numbers of fluorescing cells were observed in a Lake Washington sediment sample, and activation of subpopulations of cells was demonstrated in response to methane, methanol, methylamine and formaldehyde. The fraction of the population activated by methane was investigated in more detail, by phylogenetic profiling. This approach showed that the major responding species were the Methylomonas species, previously isolated from the site, and Methylobacter species that have not yet been cultivated from Lake Washington. In addition, from the methane-stimulated fraction, uncultivated bacterial sequences were obtained that belonged to unclassified Deltaproteobacteria, unclassified Verrucomicrobiles and unclassified Acidobacteria, suggesting that these microbes may also be involved in methane metabolism. The approach was further tested for its utility in facilitating enrichment for functional types that possess specific metabolic activities but resist cultivation. It was demonstrated that in enrichment cultures inoculated with cells that were sorted after stimulation with methane, Methylobacter sequences could be detected, whereas in enrichment cultures inoculated by randomly sorted cells, Methylomonas species quickly outcompeted all other types.
Venous air embolism during the use of a Nd YAG laser
Authors: Aqil M. , Ulhaq A. , Arafat A. , Hussain A. , Rasheed A. , Turkistani A. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryWe report a case of a 47‐year‐old female who suffered a cardiac arrest during sub‐mucosal diathermy of the inferior turbinate using a Nd YAG laser. The possible causes of the cardiac arrest are discussed. Venous air embolism due to Nd YAG laser was thought to be the most likely cause in this case. Although venous air embolism has previously been reported during nasal sinus surgery and choanal atresia when using a Nd YAG laser, the occurrence of this complication during a relatively minor surgical procedure has not previously been reported. It is important, therefore, to raise the awareness of this life threatening complication during use of a Nd YAG laser regardless of the duration of surgery. We recommend the use of appropriate methods and techniques to avoid this life threatening complication during the use of Nd YAG laser even for relatively short procedures.
The effects of interrupted or continuous administration of sevoflurane on preconditioning before cardio‐pulmonary bypass in coronary artery surgery: comparison with continuous propofol
Authors: Bein B. , Renner J. , Caliebe D. , Hanss R. , Bauer M. , Fraund S. , Scholz J. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryVolatile anaesthetics have been shown to exert cardioprotective properties in experimental and clinical studies. However, the mode of administration may influence these cardioprotective effects. The present study was designed to compare the effect of interrupted administration of sevoflurane before cardiopulmonary bypass with continuous sevoflurane administration and with propofol‐only anaesthesia, on cardioprotection as assessed by left ventricular performance and myocardial cell damage during coronary artery bypass grafting. Forty‐two patients scheduled for coronary bypass surgery were randomly assigned to one of three groups: propofol‐only (P; n = 14), continuous (SevoC; n = 14) and interrupted sevoflurane administration (SevoI; n = 14). Myocardial cell damage as assessed by Troponin T (cTNT) and creatine kinase MB (CK‐MB) were chosen as the primary endpoints and echocardiographic myocardial performance index (MPI) measurements were also performed. Up to 48 h postoperatively, in group SevoI, postoperative cTNT values (mean (SD) 0.13 (0.04) ng.ml−1) were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than both the P (0.26 (0.31) ng.ml−1) and SevoC (0.25 (0.17) ng.ml−1) groups. CK‐MB levels were also significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the SevoI group at 24 h after surgery and MPI significantly improved compared with both the P and SevoC groups. There was, however, no difference with respect to cytokine release and length of stay in either the intensive care unit or in the hospital. We conclude that prior interrupted sevoflurane administration confers some cardioprotection as compared with continuous sevoflurane administration or propofol‐based anaesthesia.
A procedure‐specific systematic review and consensus recommendations for postoperative analgesia following total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Fischer H. B. J. , Simanski C. J. P. , Sharp C. , Bonnet F. , Camu F. , Neugebauer E. A. M. , Rawal N. , Joshi G. P. , Schug S. A. , Kehlet H. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryThe PROSPECT Working Group, a collaboration of anaesthetists and surgeons, conducts systematic reviews of postoperative pain management for different surgical procedures (http://www.postoppain.org). Evidence‐based consensus recommendations for the effective management of postoperative pain are then developed from these systematic reviews, incorporating clinical practice observations, and transferable evidence from other relevant procedures. We present the results of a systematic review of pain and other outcomes following analgesic, anaesthetic and surgical interventions for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The evidence from this review supports the use of general anaesthesia combined with a femoral nerve block for surgery and postoperative analgesia, or alternatively spinal anaesthesia with local anaesthetic plus spinal morphine. The primary technique, together with cooling and compression techniques, should be supplemented with paracetamol and conventional non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs or COX‐2‐selective inhibitors, plus intravenous strong opioids (high‐intensity pain) or weak opioids (moderate‐ to low‐intensity pain).
Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of the effects of nicorandil in the treatment of acute heart failure
Authors: Iida Satofumi , Kinoshita Haruki , Holford Nicholas H. G. 
Published: July 2008

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Nicorandil injection is used for unstable angina and for acute heart failure in Japan.• The pharmacokinetics of nicorandil following oral administration have been described in healthy subjects. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • This paper describes the differences in nicorandil pharmacokinetics between healthy subjects and acute heart failure patients.• A population pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic model for nicorandil in acute heart failure patients is described using pulmonary artery wedge pressure as the biomarker.• A rational guide for initial dosing of nicorandil to achieve a target effect on pulmonary artery wedge pressure was based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles.AIMSThe aims of the study were 1) to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of nicorandil in healthy subjects and acute heart failure (AHF) patients and 2) to evaluate the exposure‐response relationship with pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) in AHF patients and to predict an appropriate dosing regimen for nicorandil.METHODSBased on the data from two healthy volunteer and three AHF patient studies, models were developed to characterize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nicorandil. PAWP was used as the pharmacodynamic variable. An asymptotic exponential disease progression model was used to account for time dependent changes in PAWP that were not explained by nicorandil exposure. The modelling was performed using NONMEM version V.RESULTSThe pharmacokinetics of nicorandil were characterized by a two‐compartment model with linear elimination. CL, V1 and V2 in AHF patients were 1.96, 1.39 and 4.06 times greater than in healthy subjects. Predicted plasma concentrations were assumed to have an immediate concentration effect relationship on PAWP. An inhibitory Emax model with Emax of −11.7 mmHg and EC50 of 423 µg l−1 was considered the best relationship between nicorandil concentrations and PAWP. PAWP decreased independently of nicorandil exposure. This drug independent decline was described by an asymptotic decrease of 6.1 mmHg with a half‐life of 5.3 h.CONCLUSIONSAHF patients have higher clearance and initial distribution volume of nicorandil compared with healthy subjects. The median target nicorandil concentration to decrease PAWP by 30% is predicted to be 748 µg l−1, indicating that a loading dose of 200 µg kg−1 and a maintenance dose of 400 µg kg−1 h−1 would be appropriate for the initial treatment of AHF.
Proteomic analysis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transduced with human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene during proliferation
Authors: Huang G. P. , Pan Z. J. , Huang J. P. , Yang J. F. , Guo C. J. , Wang Y. G. , Zheng Q. , Chen R. , Xu Y. L. , Wang G. Z. , Xi Y. M. , Shen D. , Jin J. , Wang J. F. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract.  Objectives: Previous studies have reported immortalization and tumorigenicity of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) transduced with exogenous human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). We also have established a line of hMSCs transduced with hTERT (hTERT–hMSCs) and we have cultured these cells for 290 population doublings (PDs) during which they demonstrated a large proliferation potential but with no tumorigenicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the protein expression profile of hTERT–hMSCs with two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, to be able to analyse the effects of exogenous hTERT on protein expression in hMSCs. Materials and methods: We generated proteome maps of primary hMSCs and hTERT–hMSCs at PD 95 and PD 275. Results: A total of 1543 ± 145 protein spots in gels of primary MSCs at PD 12, 1611 ± 186 protein spots in gels of hTERT–hMSCs at PD 95 and 1451 ± 126 protein spots in gels of hTERT–hMSCs at 275 PD were detected. One hundred of these were successfully identified, including 20 which were differentially expressed. Conclusions: The results suggest that sustaining levels of prohibitin and p53 expression along with differential expression of proteins in hTERT–hMSCs provide an insight into lack of transforming activity of hTERT–hMSCs during cell proliferation.
The role of manager in children's homes: the process of managing and leading a well‐functioning staff team
Authors: Hicks Leslie 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper is based on qualitative findings from a mixed methods project which investigated the roles of managers of children's homes and the relationship of these to their use of resources and the outcomes for young people in their care. The research formed part of the Costs and Effectiveness of Services to Children in Need research initiative, originally funded by the Department of Health. Main findings from the project overall and in particular from the multi‐level modelling analysis indicated that the influence which the process of providing care has on the kind of outcomes experienced by young people is of paramount importance. This paper provides a brief overview of the project and its aims. Drawing on the qualitative strand of the project and overall project findings, the paper investigates three aspects of managing children's homes: establishing working relationships with staff teams, the role of managers and bringing about working with the young people in their care. It situates the role of manager within the wider context of literature on leadership and investigates what leadership in children's homes entails. Finally, the paper highlights the importance of the role of manager in relationship to the development of good practice in children's homes.
Dispersal of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) larvae on the southeast U.S. continental shelf: results of a coupled vertical larval behavior – 3D circulation model
Authors: EDWARDS K. P. , HARE J. A. , WERNER F. E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn the marine environment, pelagic dispersal is important for determining the distribution and abundance of populations, as well as providing connections among populations. Estimates of larval dispersal from spawning grounds are important to determining temporal and spatial patterns in recruitment that may have significant influences on the dynamics of the population. We present a case study of the dispersal of Centropristis striata (black sea bass) larvae on the southeast U.S. continental shelf. We use a coupled larval behavior – 3D circulation model to compare the effects of the timing and location of spawning against that of larval vertical migration on larval dispersal. Using the results of field data on larval vertical distributions, we compare the dispersal of virtual ‘larvae’ which have ontogenetic changes in vertical behavior with that of particles fixed near the surface and near the bottom. Larvae were released at potential spawning sites four times throughout the spawning season (February through May) for 3 yr (2002–04) and tracked for the assumed larval duration (from 27 to 37 days including the egg stage). Results indicate that adult behavior, in the form of spawning time and location, may be more important than larval vertical behavior in determining larval dispersal on the inner‐ and mid‐ continental shelves of this region.
Tuning in to multiple predators: conflicting demands for shell morphology in a freshwater snail
Authors: LAKOWITZ THOMAS , BRÖNMARK CHRISTER , NYSTRÖM PER 
Published: July 2008

Summary1. We examined the response to chemical cues from fish and crayfish, two predators with contrasting feeding modes, and their single and combined effect on shell morphology in the freshwater snail Radix balthica.2. Snails were subjected to four treatments: tench (Tinca tinca), signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus), a combination of tench and signal crayfish and no predators (control). Shell shape, crushing resistance and shell thickness were quantified. We also analysed whether shape or shell thickness contributes most to crushing resistance.3. Chemical cues from the fish induced a rounder shell shape in R. balthica, a thicker shell and a higher crushing resistance, whereas crayfish chemical cues had no effect on shell morphology, shell thickness or crushing resistance. Shell shape contributed more to crushing resistance than shell thickness.4. The combined predator treatment showed an intermediate response between the fish and crayfish treatments. Shell roundness was reduced compared with the fish treatment, but the reduced crushing resistance that comes with a less rounded shell was compensated by an increased investment in extra shell material, exceeding that of the fish treatment.5. Our study extends previous studies of multipredator effects on phenotypically plastic freshwater snails by showing that the snails are able to fine‐tune different elements of morphology to counter predator‐specific foraging modes.