bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical Description of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Isoenzymes in the Human Labia Minora
Authors: Ückert Stefan , Oelke Matthias , Albrecht Knut , Stief Christian , Jonas Udo , Hedlund Petter 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Up until now, only minimal research has been carried out on those female genital organs known to contribute to the normal cycle of sexual arousal and orgasm. Some findings indicated that there might be a significance of cyclic nucleotide-mediated pathways in the control of the normal function of female genital tissues.

Aim
To elucidate, by means of immunohistochemistry, the distribution of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzymes 1, 3, 4, 5, 10, and 11 in the human labia minora.

Main Outcome Measures
The amount of immunohistochemical staining specific for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)- and/or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-degrading PDE isoenzymes was detected.

Methods
Human labial tissue was obtained from four female cadavers (age at death: 18–42 years). Vibratome sections prepared from formaldehyde-fixated tissue specimens were incubated with primary antibodies directed against the respective PDE isoenzymes. Sections were then incubated with fluorochrome (fluorescein isothiocyanate, Texas Red)-labeled secondary antibodies. Visualization was commenced by means of a laser fluorescence microscope.

Results
Immunostaining indicating the expression of PDE4 and PDE5 was abundantly observed in the smooth musculature of vessels interspersing the tissue. Immunoreactions specific for PDE3 were recognized in epithelial and subepithelial layers, sebaceous glands, and interstitial or neuroendocrine-like single cells located in the epithelium. Signals related to PDE10 and PDE11 were limited to the epithelium or glandular-like structures, respectively.

Conclusion
Our results, for the first time, demonstrate the presence of cAMP- and cGMP-PDE isoenzymes in the human labia minora and give a hint to a significance of PDE4 and PDE5 in the control of labial vascular tissue function.
Testosterone Increases Blood Flow and Expression of Androgen and Estrogen Receptors in the Rat Vagina
Authors: Traish Abdulmaged M. , Kim Soo Woong , Stankovic Miljan , Goldstein Irwin , Kim Noel N. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The mechanisms by which testosterone modulates female genital sexual arousal responses are poorly understood.

Aim
To investigate the effects of testosterone on vaginal blood flow and the expression of estrogen and androgen receptor proteins in the rat vagina.

Methods
Mature female Sprague-Dawley rats were sham-operated (intact) or ovariectomized. Fourteen days after ovariectomy, animals were continuously infused with vehicle or varying doses of testosterone (5.5–55 μg/day). After 2 weeks of treatment, vaginal blood flow in response to pelvic nerve stimulation was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Plasma levels of testosterone and estradiol were determined by radioimmunoassay and epithelial thickness was examined in fixed vaginal tissue sections. Androgen and estrogen receptor levels were assessed by equilibrium radioligand binding and by Western blot analyses.

Results
Vaginal blood flow responses were significantly reduced in ovariectomized rats and normalized in animals infused with testosterone. Ovariectomy increased the expression of estrogen receptors and reduced the expression of androgen receptors with no change in receptor-ligand affinity. Testosterone increased the expression of both androgen and estrogen receptors in the vagina. While physiological (11 μg/day) and supraphysiological (55 μg/day) concentrations of testosterone normalized vaginal tissue weight, uterine tissue and whole body weights were not significantly different from ovariectomized rats infused with vehicle. Testosterone infusion, even at supraphysiological concentrations, did not change plasma estradiol levels when compared to vehicle-infused, ovariectomized rats. Likewise, the vaginal epithelium of testosterone-infused rats remained atrophic, similar to vehicle-infused, ovariectomized rats, indicating that testosterone is not aromatized to estrogens at significant levels in the vagina.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that testosterone regulates androgen and estrogen receptor protein expression in the vagina and enhances vaginal perfusion by an androgen-dependent mechanism. We conclude that testosterone plays an important role in modulating the physiology of the vagina and contributes to improvement of genital sexual arousal responses.
Micropropagation through excised root culture of Clitoria ternatea and comparison between in vitro–regenerated plants and seedlings
Authors: Shahzad A. , Faisal M. , Anis M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn efficient protocol has been developed for high‐frequency shoot regeneration and plant establishment of Clitoria ternatea – a potential medicinal legume. Adventitious shoots were regenerated from young excised root segments of aseptic seedlings on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of 6‐benzyladenine (BA), kinetin, α‐naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or 2,4‐dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4‐D) either singly or in various combinations. The highest frequency (100%) of shoot regeneration and maximum number (16.4 ± 0.24) of shoots per explant was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 20 μm BA and 2.0 μm NAA. Organogenic calli were produced on a medium containing 2,4‐D (10 or 20 μm) and BA (5.0 μm). The calli were differentiated into multiple shoots on MS medium supplemented with 2.5–10 μm BA and 2.0 μm NAA. The microshoots were rooted on half‐strength MS medium supplemented with 5.0 μm indole‐3‐butyric acid and transplanted successfully in field conditions. After 12 months of transfer to ex vitro conditions, the performance of micropropagated plants were evaluated on the basis of some physiological and biochemical parameters and compared with the in vivo–grown plants of the same age. The sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profile was same between regenerated and naturally growing shoots. Total soluble protein in aerial part as well as in seeds of in vitro–regenerated and in vivo–grown plants was almost the same. The mitotic study showed normal chromosomal movement and numbers (2x = 16).
Holey Aroids: Circular Trenching Behavior by a Leaf Beetle in Vietnam
Authors: Darling D. Christopher 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe leaf beetle Aplosonyx ancora cuts circular trenches on the underside of leaves of their aroid host plants before feeding. Latex is exuded from these cuts and the beetles feed intermittently on these isolated tissues, apparently avoiding the latex. Circular feeding holes occur only in Araceae in which latex is contained in cells or vessels with cells bridging adjacent files (“anastomosing laticifers”). The phylogeny of Araceae and the restricted host records suggest a coevolutionary arms race and parallel phylogenesis between Aplosonyx and its aroid hosts.
L and T dwarfs in the Hyades and Ursa Major moving groups
Authors: Bannister N. P. , Jameson R. F. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
We have used the moving cluster method to identify three L dwarfs and one T dwarf in the Ursa Major/Sirius moving group (age 400 Myr). Five L dwarfs and two T dwarfs are found to belong to the Hyades moving group (age 625 Myr). These L and T dwarfs define 400- and 625-Myr empirical isochrones, assuming that they have the same age. Moving group membership does not guarantee coevality.
The Science and Practice of Environmental Flows and the Role of Hydrogeologists
Authors: Sophocleous Marios 
Published: May 2007

AbstractConflicts between ecosystems and human needs for fresh water are increasing. The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness in the hydrogeologic community of environmental flows (EFs) and to address the major challenges involved in their protection. Ground water is a key component of EFs, and therefore hydrogeologists are called upon to get involved in the ongoing debates about maintaining healthy riverine ecosystems. Promising opportunities for achieving EFs in both underallocated and overallocated basins as well as new methods for protecting fresh water ecosystems developed in different countries are outlined. EF protection measures include private water trusts, “upside‐down instream flow water rights,” the “public trust” doctrine, and water markets, among other measures. A number of knowledge gaps are identified, to which hydrogeologists could contribute, such as our rudimentary knowledge about ground water–dependent ecosystems, aspects of stream‐aquifer interactions, and the impacts of land‐use changes. The values that society places on the different uses of water ultimately determine where the water is allocated. EF requirements can be legitimately recognized and addressed by basing the environmental needs of hydrologic systems on robust science, focusing on increasing the productivity of water use, engaging society in understanding the benefits and costs of decisions that affect ecosystems, and taking advantage of various opportunities for achieving EF goals.
Heterogeneity and Thermal Modeling of Ground Water
Authors: Ferguson Grant 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHeat transport in aquifers is becoming an increasingly important topic due to recent growth in the use of ground water in thermal applications. However, the effect of heterogeneity on heat transport in aquifers has yet to be examined in the same detail as it has been for solute transport, and it is unclear what effect this may have on our ability to create accurate models. This study examines this issue through stochastic modeling using the geostatistics for two aquifers with low and high degrees of heterogeneity. The results indicate that there is considerable uncertainty in the distribution of heat associated with injection of warm water into an aquifer. Heterogeneity in the permeability field was also found to slightly reduce the ability to recover this introduced heat at a later time. These simulations also reveal that hydrodynamic macrodispersion is an important consideration in some heat flow problems.
Using patient‐centered interviewing skills to manage complex patient encounters in primary care
Authors: Lein Catherine , Wills Celia E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurpose: To describe effective and efficient patient‐centered interviewing strategies to enhance the management of complex primary care patient encounters.Data sources: Research literature and applied case study analysis.Conclusions: Patient‐centered interviewing can enhance effectiveness of care in complex patient encounters. A relatively small investment of time and energy has positive yields in regard to improvements in longer term physiological status, treatment adherence, quality of life, patient–provider working relationship, and patient and nurse practitioner satisfaction.Implications for practice: Use of patient‐centered interviewing strategies can enhance effectiveness of patient care processes and outcomes while retaining efficiency of patient management.
Promoting self‐care through symptom management: A theory‐based approach for nurse practitioners
Authors: Fowler Christopher , Kirschner Michelle , Van Kuiken Debra , Baas Linda 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurpose: To present a theory of illness representation useful in clinical practice along with two case studies as examples of theory implementation.Data sources: Literature review of relevant theory and associated literature, case studies from clinical practice.Conclusions: An individual asks several questions when experiencing a physical sensation: “Am I sick, stressed, or is this a sign of aging? If I’m sick, is the symptom connected with a disease label?” After asking these questions, the individual develops a cognitive and emotional illness representation that includes the dimensions of identity, cause, consequences, control, and timeline. This representation is guided by personal, cultural, and environmental contexts and determines coping strategies. By assessing the individual’s cognitive and emotional representations of the illness, the nurse practitioner (NP) can use the common sense model of illness representation (CSM) to establish interventions and action plans helpful in decreasing distress in the management of symptoms.Implications for practice: NPs frequently care for patients who present with very severe symptoms related to their health problem. This becomes a major challenge in effective disease management. Leventhal’s CSM can be used as a framework to identify the cognitive and emotional illness representations individuals develop when acute and chronic symptoms are presented. By assessing the individual’s cognitive and emotional representations of the illness, the NP will be able to use the CSM to establish interventions and action plans that will be helpful in decreasing the patient’s distress in the management of symptoms.
Use of bioelectrical impedance analysis in the evaluation, treatment, and prevention of overweight and obesity
Authors: Ricciardi Richard , Talbot Laura A 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurpose: To present an overview of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and to familiarize nurse practitioners (NPs) with the potential benefits of using BIA in prevention, monitoring, and long‐term follow‐up of healthy individuals and those with chronic conditions (e.g., obesity).Data sources: Original research articles and comprehensive review articles identified through Medline, CINAHL, OVID, and electrical engineering databases.Conclusions: Obtaining serial measurements of percent body fat using BIA can identify patients at greatest health risk and gives NPs an additional tool to assess treatment response in patients seeking to lose or maintain body weight and/or increase muscle mass.Implications for practice: Traditionally, height/weight tables and body mass index have been used to assess body composition and diagnose overweight and obesity. More recently, BIA has emerged as a portable and simple‐to‐operate instrument to evaluate body composition in the clinical setting.
Impact of academic nurse‐managed centers on communities served
Authors: Pohl Joanne M. , Barkauskas Violet H. , Benkert Ramona , Breer Lynn , Bostrom Andrea 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurpose: This paper presents findings from six community focus groups that addressed the impact of academic nurse‐managed centers (ANMCs) on the overall community being served as well as the quality of care provided in the centers.Data sources: Experts in focus group methodology from a public health institute conducted the six focus groups at ANMCs from four universities in the Midwest. Discussions were guided by nine questions presented to each group. All groups were tape‐recorded and transcribed. A total of 37 participants were recruited from the ANMCs and included patients and families, advisory board members, and local community organizations.Conclusions: Four themes were identified across the six focus groups: valuing patient‐centered care, which included two subthemes—continuous specific provider and specific aspects of care; quality of care; increasing access to care/addressing the safety net; and evidence of outreach.Implications for practice: Findings from these focus groups verify that community members do “get it” in terms of the unique aspects of ANMCs. Participants were able to articulate the differences between nurse‐managed care and other types of ambulatory primary care. The unique strengths of nurse practitioners were repeatedly articulated as well as the centers’ outreach into the community.
SURFACE STRUCTURES ON CLEAVED SILICON BY CLEAVAGE LUMINESCENCE DETECTION
Authors: LI DONGGUANG 
Published: May 2007

This paper reports on further research into the structure and properties of the cleaved surfaces of silicon, using vacuum cleavage luminescence detection methods. Results show resistance partially recovers during the cleavage process through "crack healing". When the elasticity of the parts transmitting the applied stress temporarily absorbs the initial rupture stress, the crack stops and partially re-closes until the applied force "catches up" and reapplies stress. The high resistance created by the two Schottky barriers prevents resistance recovery from mere surfaces re-contact. Instead, resistance recovery from the atom-to-atom re-closure surface healing is more likely, as expected from a Three Bond Scission Model (TBS) silicon surface structure.
β2-Glycoprotein I inhibits von Willebrand factor–dependent platelet adhesion and aggregation
Authors: Hulstein Janine J. J. , Lenting Peter J. , de Laat Bas , Derksen Ron H. W. M. , Fijnheer Rob , de Groot Philip G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPatients with antiphospholipid syndrome are characterized by the association of thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity and the presence of antiphospholipid autoantibodies. Particularly, anti-β2-glycoprotein (β2 GPI) autoantibodies correlate with thrombosis, suggesting an antibody-induced gain of prothrombotic function and/or an antibody-induced loss of antithrombotic function of β2 GPI. In the search for potential antithrombotic properties of β2 GPI, we found that β2 GPI inhibits von Willebrand factor (VWF)–induced platelet aggregation. In addition, platelet adhesion to a VWF-coated surface was decreased by 50% in the presence of β2 GPI (P < .03). β2 GPI binds to the A1 domain of VWF but preferably when the A1 domain is in its active glycoprotein Ibα-binding conformation. Anti-β2 GPI antibodies isolated from a subset of antiphospholipid syndrome patients neutralized the β2 GPI-VWF interactions and thus the inhibitory activity of β2 GPI. In comparison to healthy individuals, the amounts of active VWF in circulation were increased 1.5-fold (P < .001) in patients positive for lupus anticoagulant (LAC) due to anti-β2 GPI antibodies. Thus, β2 GPI is a biologically relevant inhibitor of VWF function by interfering with VWF-dependent platelet adhesion. Anti-β2 GPI autoantibodies neutralize this inhibitory function and are associated with increased levels of active VWF. This mode of action could contribute to the thrombosis and consumptive thrombocytopenia observed in patients with anti-β2 GPI antibodies.
Leukocyte PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ have temporally distinct roles for leukocyte recruitment in vivo
Authors: Liu Lixin , Puri Kamal D. , Penninger Josef M. , Kubes Paul 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPhosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) have been considered important in leukocyte motility. PI3Kγ, the class IB PI3K, expressed prominently in leukocytes and also in endothelial cells, mediates leukocyte functional responses induced by chemoattractants. To reveal its role in leukocyte recruitment, we used intravital microscopy to directly visualize leukocyte rolling, adhesion, and emigration in postcapillary venules in PI3Kγ-deficient (PI3Kγ-/-) mice. We report here that PI3Kγ deficiency had no significant effects on leukocyte rolling flux or rolling velocity and minor effects on adhesion (30% to 35%) in response to CXC chemokine MIP-2 (CXCL2) or KC (CXCL1). However, leukocyte emigration was severely impaired in PI3Kγ-/- mice in an early (first 90 minutes) response to MIP-2 or KC. Chimeric mice receiving bone marrow transplants revealed that this early response was entirely dependent upon PI3Kγ in neutrophils but not parenchymal cells (endothelium and others). Identical responses were observed when endogenous chemokine production was induced by TNFα; leukocyte emigration was reduced in PI3Kγ-/- mice. More prolonged responses to MIP-2 (for 4 to 5 hours) or TNFα (6 to 8 hours) were almost entirely PI3Kγ independent and largely dependent on PI3Kδ. Our results reveal that leukocyte emigration response to CXC chemokines is entirely dependent upon PI3Kγ or PI3Kδ, but these are nonoverlapping, temporally distinct events in inflamed tissues in vivo.
Hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia arising from myelodysplastic syndrome: similar outcomes in patients with de novo disease and disease following prior therapy or antecedent hematologic disorders
Authors: Chang ChunKang , Storer Barry E. , Scott Bart L. , Bryant Eileen M. , Shulman Howard M. , Flowers Mary E. , Sandmaier Brenda M. , Witherspoon Robert P. , Nash Richard A. , Sanders Jean E. , Bedalov Antonio , Hansen John A. , Clurman Bruce E. , Storb Rainer , Appelbaum Frederick R. , Deeg H. Joachim 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe analyzed outcomes after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in 257 patients, 3 to 72.7 years old (median, 43 y), with secondary myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) including those with transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (tAML). Conditioning regimens included high-dose total-body irradiation (TBI)/chemotherapy (n = 83); busulfan (BU)/cyclophosphamide (CY) (BUCY, n = 122; with BU targeting [tBUCY], n = 93); fludarabine (Flu) with tBU (FLUtBU; n = 12); Flu plus 200 cGy TBI (n = 26); and miscellaneous regimens (n = 14). Donors were HLA-identical or partially mismatched family members in 135 and unrelated individuals in 122 patients. Five-year relapse-free survival was highest (43%) and nonrelapse mortality lowest (28%) among tBUCY-conditioned patients. Outcomes were compared with results in 339 patients who received transplants for de novo MDS/tAML, and a multivariate analysis failed to show significant differences in outcome between the 2 cohorts. Relapse probability and relapse-free survival correlated significantly with disease stage (P < .001) and karyotype (P < .001). Relapse incidence was lower (P = .003) and relapse-free survival superior (P = .02) with unrelated donor transplants. The data suggest that overall inferior outcome in patients with secondary MDS/tAML was related to the frequency of high-risk cytogenetics. For both cohorts, transplantation outcomes improved over the time interval studied.