bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified inertial viscosity extrapolation method for solving quasi-monotone variational inequality and fixed point problems in real Hilbert spaces
Authors: Abuchu Jacob A. , Ofem Austine E. , Işık Hüseyin , Ugwunnadi Godwin C. , Narain Ojen K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce and study a viscous-type extrapolation algorithm for finding a solution of the variational inequality problem and a fixed point constraint of quasi-nonexpansive mappings under the scope of real Hilbert spaces when the underlying cost operator is quasi-monotone. The method involves inertial viscosity approximation and a constructed self-adjustable step size condition that depends solely on the information of the previous step. We establish a strong convergence result of the proposed method under certain mild conditions on the algorithm parameters. Finally, to demonstrate the gain of our method, some numerical examples are presented in comparison with some related methods in literature.
The power of museums with ethnographic collections: two cases in Brazil
Authors: Russi Adriana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract“The Power of Museums” was the General Conference on the central theme of the International Council of Museums (ICOM) in 2022 (Prague). This article aims to discuss the ability of ethnographic collections to combat prejudice and promote freedom, cultural diversity, religious diversity, and democracy, among other aspects of human rights. Here, we propose a theoretical reflection on the power of museums, considering the context of the decolonization of ethnographic collections in Brazil. To illustrate the discussion, we briefly present two recent cases in the country that refer to the appreciation of indigenous, religious, and cultural diversity. The first is related to a photographic collection of indigenous peoples that is part of the Museu Paranaense (MUPA) collection in Curitiba (southern Brazil). The second case involves collections from a group of people who descend from enslaved people and members of Terreiros de Umbanda and Candomblé in the city of Rio de Janeiro (southeastern region), which is now preserved at the Museu da Republica. For this purpose, we present a brief context on the historical development of Brazil, its contemporary museum universe, and Associação Brasileira de Antropologia’s initiative to map ethnographic collections in Brazil. Both cases reveal experiences of decolonizing ethnographic collections with the direct involvement of the associated communities. These cases demonstrate how it is possible to deconstruct collections shaped within colonialist and prejudiced perspectives by presenting new narratives that appreciate cultures that were previously.
Neuroimaging studies of cannabidiol and potential neurobiological mechanisms relevant for alcohol use disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Hurzeler Tristan , Watt Joshua , Logge Warren , Towers Ellen , Suraev Anastasia , Lintzeris Nicholas , Haber Paul , Morley Kirsten C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe underlying neurobiological mechanisms of cannabidiol’s (CBD) management of alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains elusive.Aim We conducted a systematic review of neuroimaging literature investigating the effects of CBD on the brain in healthy participants. We then theorise the potential neurobiological mechanisms by which CBD may ameliorate various symptoms of AUD.Methods This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Terms relating to CBD and neuroimaging were used to search original clinical research published in peer-reviewed journals.Results Of 767 studies identified by our search strategy, 16 studies satisfied our eligibility criteria. The results suggest that CBD modulates γ-Aminobutyric acid and glutamate signaling in the basal ganglia and dorso-medial prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, CBD regulates activity in regions associated with mesocorticolimbic reward pathways; salience, limbic and fronto-striatal networks which are implicated in reward anticipation; emotion regulation; salience processing; and executive functioning.Conclusion CBD appears to modulate neurotransmitter systems and functional connections in brain regions implicated in AUD, suggesting CBD may be used to manage AUD symptomatology.
Influence of plastic shape on interim fragmentation of compostable materials during composting
Authors: Pfohl Patrizia , Rueckel Markus , Meyer Lars , Battagliarin Glauco , Künkel Andreas , Hüffer Thorsten , Zumstein Michael , Hofmann Thilo , Wohlleben Wendel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCommon experience with rotting wooden buildings demonstrates that fragmentation is a necessary natural process during biodegradation. In analogy, the loss of structural integrity of biodegradable plastics during biodegradation produces interim microplastic fragments. It is currently not known which parameters govern fragmentation kinetics: chemical structure, physical shape, and composite layers, or composting conditions may all be relevant. Here we investigated the influence of physical shape on the fragmentation of a polyester blend during laboratory tests simulating industrial composting. Methods previously validated on micronized granules as model shape were applied to shapes that better represent consumer products, such as micronized thin films and shredded plastic-coated paper cups. The peak interim number of detected fragments, which are between 3 and 2000 µm, ranked highest for micronized films, lower for micronized plastic granules, and even lower for coated paper cups. The layered structure of polyester on cellulose may thus have stabilized the biodegrading polyester compound against fragmentation. For thin films, fragment counts dissipated with halftime of 2.5 days, and less than 10–8% of the initially added polyester mass was detected in fragments between 3 and 25 µm at the last sampling time point. The physical shape and multilayer structure of the polymer-containing product were found to be decisive for fragmentation kinetics, indicating that tests on micronized polymer granules might not be representative of the release mechanism of fragments from consumer products containing plastic coatings.
Serologic Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Application of Machine Learning and Implications for Diagnostic Models
Authors: Johnson Philip J. , Bhatti Ehsan , Toyoda Hidenori , He Shan 
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE The gender, age, lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alphafetoprotein, alphafetoprotein, des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (GALAD) score is a biomarker-based statistical model for the serologic diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that has been developed and validated using the case-control approach with a view to early detection. Performance has, however, been suboptimal in the first prospective studies which better reflect the real-world situation. In this article, we report the application of machine learning to a large, prospectively accrued, HCC surveillance data set. PATIENTS AND METHODS Models were built on a cohort of 3,473 patients with chronic liver disease within a rigorous surveillance program between 1998 and 2014, during which 459 patients with HCC were detected. Two random forest (RF) models were trained. The first RF model uses the same variables as the original GALAD model (GALAD-RF); the second is based on routinely available clinical and laboratory features (RF-practical). For comparison, we evaluated a logistic regression GALAD model trained on this longitudinal prospective data set (termed GALAD-Ogaki). RESULTS Models were evaluated using a repetitive cross-validation approach with the metrics averaged over 100 independent runs. As judged by area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC) and F1 score, the GALAD RF model significantly outperformed the original GALAD model. The RF-practical model also outperformed the original GALAD model in terms of both AUROC and F1 score, and both models outperformed the individual biomarkers. An online web application that implemented the GALAD-RF and RF-practical models is presented. CONCLUSION RF-based models improve on the diagnostic performance of the original GALAD model in the setting of a standard HCC surveillance program. Further prospective validation studies are warranted using these models and could be expanded to offer prediction of risk of HCC development over defined periods of time.
“God Save Me from a Civilized Indian”: Labor Union Schools and Contending Visions for Indigenous Education in Ecuador, 1936–1963
Authors: Rosas Marlen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
From the 1930s to the 1960s, Indigenous activists in Ecuador unsettled the prevailing paradigm of acculturation, practicing literacies that advanced their capacities for political mobilization around labor and land rights. Leaders on the haciendas of Cayambe allied with the Communist Party of Ecuador to organize their locally grounded politics against an urban-based indigenista movement. Both movements highlighted the need for Indigenous emancipation from the confines of the feudalistic labor system but diverged in their visions of Indigenous agency. Labor activists recognized that landowners relied on education for social control, so they made autonomous schooling a central hallmark of their struggle. Previous scholarship, focused on 1980s state directives for intercultural bilingual education, has not explored the orientation of Cayambe's early schools toward labor rights pedagogy. Analyzing textbooks, periodicals, and oral histories, I argue that Cayambe's teachers pursued notions of national inclusion that fused citizenship rights with socialist ideals and practices of Indigenous autonomy.
Optimizing Recurrent Glioblastoma Salvage Treatment: A Multicenter Study Integrating Genetic Biomarkers From the Korean Radiation Oncology Group (21-02)
Authors: Kim Dowook , Lee Joo Ho , Kim Nalee , Lim Do Hoon , Song Jin Ho , Suh Chang-Ok , Wee Chan Woo , Kim In Ah 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Few studies have used real-world patient data to compare overall treatment patterns and survival outcomes for recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM). This study aimed to evaluate postprogression survival (PPS) according to the treatment strategy for rGBM by incorporating biomarker analysis.

METHODS:
We assessed 468 adult patients with rGBM who underwent standard temozolomide-based chemoradiation. The impact of predictors on PPS was evaluated in patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type rGBM (n = 439) using survival probability analysis. We identified patients who would benefit from reirradiation (re-RT) during the first progression.

RESULTS:
Median PPS was 3.4, 13.8, 6.6, and 10.0 months in the best supportive care (n = 82), surgery (with/without adjuvant therapy, n = 112), chemotherapy alone (n = 170), and re-RT (with/without chemotherapy, n = 75) groups, respectively. After propensity score matching analysis of the cohort, both the surgery and re-RT groups had a significantly better PPS than the chemotherapy-only group; however, no significant difference was observed in PPS between the surgery and re-RT groups. In the surgery subgroup, surgery with chemotherapy (P = .024) and surgery with radio(chemo)therapy (P = .039) showed significantly improved PPS compared with surgery alone. In the no-surgery subgroup, radio(chemo)therapy showed significantly improved PPS compared with chemotherapy alone (P = .047). Homozygous deletion of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B, along with other clinical factors (performance score and progression-free interval), was significantly associated with the re-RT survival benefit.

CONCLUSION:
Surgery combined with radio(chemo)therapy resulted in the best survival outcomes for rGBM. re-RT should also be considered for patients with rGBM at first recurrence. Furthermore, this study identified a specific genetic biomarker and clinical factors that may enhance the survival benefit of re-RT.
Upgrading strategies for long-haul quantum key distribution networks
Authors: Wenning Mario , Samonaki Maria , Patri Sai Kireet , Fehenberger Tobias , Griesser Helmut , Mas-Machuca Carmen 
Published: March 2024

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has become a promising option for transmitting sensitive data due to the increased maturity of QKD devices and the threat scalable quantum computers imposes on asymmetric public-key cryptosystems. By utilizing existing infrastructure, e.g., amplifier huts and dark fibers, the cost and complexity of deploying QKD networks (QKDNs) can be reduced. In this study, we develop a topology optimization algorithm that minimizes the cost of the QKDN deployment and maximizes the key capacity between any pair of nodes. We present three deployment upgrade strategies for facilitating the encryption of increasing throughput of QKD-secured optical transport networks and enabling a pay-as-you-grow approach. Comparing different strategies in a capacity-planning study allows operators to assess the scalability of deployments and upgrades. Depending on the availability requirements, our results compare the cost of protection measures. We confirm that adding trusted nodes is the most cost-efficient upgrading strategy based on our analysis.
Effects of crystalline lens rise and anterior chamber parameters on vault after implantable collamer lens placement
Authors: Zou Quan , Zhao Sen , Cheng Lei , Song Chao , Yuan Ping , Zhu Ran 
Published: March 2024

Background
To analyze vault effects of crystalline lens rise (CLR) and anterior chamber parameters (recorded by Pentacam) in highly myopic patients receiving implantable collamer lenses (ICLs), which may avoid subsequent complications such as glaucoma and cataract caused by the abnormal vault.

Methods
We collected clinical data of 137 patients with highly myopic vision, who were all subsequent recipients of V4c ICLs between June 2020 and January 2021. Horizontal ciliary sulcus-to-sulcus diameter (hSTS) and CLR were measured by ultrasonic biomicroscopy (UBM), and a Pentacam anterior segment analyzer was used to measure horizontal white-to-white diameter (hWTW), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), anterior chamber volume (ACV), CLR, and postoperative vault (Year 1 and Month 1). The lens thickness (LT) was determined by optical biometry (IOL Master instrument). The predictive model was generated through multiple linear regression analyses of influential factors, such as hSTS, CLR, hWTW, ACD, ACA, ACV, ICL size, and LT. The predictive performance of the multivariate model on vault after ICL was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with area under the curve (AUC) as well as the point of tangency.

Results
Average CLR assessed by UBM was lower than the average value obtained by Pentacam (0.561 vs. 0.683). Bland-Altman analysis showed a good consistency in the two measurement methods and substantial correlation (r = 0.316; P = 0.000). The ROC curve of Model 1 (postoperative Year 1) displayed an AUC of 0.847 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 74.19–95.27), with optimal threshold of 0.581 (sensitivity, 0.857; specificity, 0.724). In addition, respective values for Model 2 (postoperative Month 1) were 0.783 (95% CI: 64.94–91.64) and 0.522 (sensitivity, 0.917; specificity, 0.605).

Conclusion
CLR and anterior chamber parameters are important determinants of postoperative vault after ICL placement. The multivariate regression model we constructed may serve in large part as a predictive gauge, effectively avoid postoperative complication.
Prevalence, correlates, and trends of intimate partner violence against women in Pakistan: Results from Pakistan Demographic and Health surveys 2012–13 and 2017–18
Authors: Shaikh Masood Ali 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health problem. The objectives of this study were to analyze the prevalence and correlates of IPV perpetrated by men against women from the recent nationally representative Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017–18, and to analyze levels and trends of IPV perpetrated by current/former husbands from PDHS conducted in 2012–13, in the four provinces and the capital city.MethodsAssociation of having ever experienced IPV, defined as either emotional, physical and/or sexual violence, by ever married women aged 15–49, with 12 explanatory socio-demographic, attitudinal, and experiences were analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regression models.ResultsThe prevalence of having ever experienced IPV was 33.48% (95% CI: 30.76–36.32). In the final multivariable model, number of living children, having knowledge of parental physical IPV, husband’s use of alcohol, and marital control were statistically significantly associated with IPV. Proportions and trend analysis of emotional and physical IPV between the PDHS 2017–18 and PDHS 2012–13, showed that in general, rural areas of provinces reported higher prevalence of emotional and physical IPV, compared with urban areas, and in general, emotional, and physical IPV prevalence declined from PDHS2012-13 to PDHS2017-18.ConclusionsThe prevalence of having experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence in Pakistan was lower than the prevalence for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean region. However, IPV burden at the provincial urban-rural residency status underscore the need for location specific strategies to effectively address IPV in Pakistan.
Pediatric hemolysis in emergency departments: Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications
Authors: Mielke Nicholas , Lee Ray , Bahl Amit 
Published: March 2024

Objective
This study aimed to analyze the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications of hemolyzed laboratory samples in the pediatric emergency department (ED), a subject on which existing data remains scarce.

Methods
We conducted a multi-site observational cohort analysis of pediatric ED encounters in Metro Detroit, Michigan, United States. The study included participants below 18 years of age who had undergone peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) placement and laboratory testing. The primary outcome was the presence of hemolysis, and secondary outcomes included identifying risk factors for hemolysis and assessing the impact of hemolysis on PIVC failure.

Results
Between January 2021 and May 2022, 10,462 ED encounters met inclusion criteria, of which 14.0% showed laboratory evidence of hemolysis. The highest proportion of hemolysis occurred in the infant (age 0–1) population (20.1%). Multivariable regression analysis indicated higher odds of hemolysis for PIVCs placed in the hand/wrist in the toddler (age 2–5) and child (age 6–11) subgroups. PIVCs placed in the hand/wrist also demonstrated higher odds of failure in infants.

Conclusions
Hemolysis in the pediatric ED population is a frequent complication that occurs at similar rates as in adults. PIVCs placed in the hand/wrist were associated with higher odds of hemolysis compared to those placed in the antecubital fossa. Clinicians should consider alternative locations for PIVC placement if clinically appropriate. Further research is needed to better understand the clinical implications of pediatric hemolysis.
Profile of adult patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation
Authors: Kambouche Faouzia , Medjane Rabia 
Published: March 2024

A variable proportion of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute asthma require admission to hospital. Previous studies have identified select factors associated with admission following ED presentation .However, patients hospitalized for AEs are highly heterogeneous and remain largely unexplored.This review discusses current aspects on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of acute severe asthma exacerbations and provides the current perspectives on the management of acute severe asthma attacks in the emergency department and the intensive care unit.
Incidence of healthcare-associated infections in intensive care of the emergency department of Oran in Algeria
Authors: Benbernou Soumia , Ghoumari Nabil , Kambouche Fouzia , Kouadria Rabah 
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a serious problem of modern medicine. Patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) develop HAI significantly more often than patients in other hospital units.
Materials and Methods.
We carried out a retrospective study spread over 2 years from January 2019 to December 2021. Data were collected on a form established with the microbiology department of the the University Hospital center of Oran, sites of nosocomial infection, germs involved, antibiotic resistance.
Results: 886 samples were collected during the study period, of which 660 were positive. 270 patients were admitted to hospital during this period. The average age of our patients was 39.4 years. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae ,Acinetobacter baumannii ,Staphylococcus aureus ,and Escherichia coli .
Conclusion Infection control based on incidence rate for each type of infection is necessary in ICU to assess the epidemiological situation.
Mathematical modelling and analysis of Kidnapping dynamics
Authors: Usaini Salisu , Rabiu Sani , Shitu Hassan Adamu 
Published: March 2024

The problem of kidnapping as a social menace to a society is increasing in some African countries such as Nigeria. We therefore proposed a new deterministic mathematical model for the dynamics of Kidnapping in a community. This menace is considered like a two strains communicable disease with kidnapping propagation mission by kidnappers as one strain and adoption mission for kidnapped victims as the other strain to assess the impact of super-infection. The model exhibits four equilibrium points each of which is unique and asymptotically stable both locally and globally under certain conditions. We obtain the kidnapping propagation number where is the propagation number associated with strain . Another important threshold parameters associated with respective strains 1 and 2 are and . Indeed, we show that at most one strain invades the population if one of these parameters is less than unity. while the two strains coexist at endemic state when both and are greater than unity. The global stability results of the model equilibria are established by numerical simulations. This simulations results indicate that the super-infection destabilizes the coexistence equilibrium.
Determination of the mechanism of sorption of Cu2+ ions to hydrolyzed fibroin
Authors: Eshchanov Khushnudbek 
Published: March 2024

We were able to obtain hydrolyzed fibroin with sorbing properties from fibrous silk waste. We determined the mechanism of sorption of Cu2+ ions into hydrolyzed fibroin using the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm. Physical sorption of Cu2+ ions to hydrolyzed fibroin has been shown to be predominant. However, it has been observed that the colour of hydrolyzed fibroin, which sorbs Cu2+ ions, changes to yellow over time. Analysis of the yellowed sample by IR spectroscopy showed that Cu2+ ions formed a coordinate bond with the hydrolyzed fibroin.Â Â