bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Highly Potent Vitamin D Receptor Antagonists Based on the Structural Development of Vitamin D3‐26,23‐Lactone
Authors: Saito Nozomi , Kittaka Atsushi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Supramolecular Boron Complexes and Their Molecular Recognition
Authors: Kameta Naohiro , Hiratani Kazuhisa 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoflavones—Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Therapeutic Use
Authors: Albulescu Mariana , Popovici Marinela 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Modern Methods of in situ Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Hunger Michael 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Retrograde analyses of spinothalamic projections in the macaque monkey: Input to the ventral lateral nucleus
Authors: Craig A.D. (Bud) 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe distribution of retrogradely labeled spinothalamic tract (STT) neurons was analyzed in monkeys following variously sized injections of cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) in order to determine whether different STT termination sites receive input from different sets of STT cells. This report focuses on STT input to the ventral lateral nucleus (VL), where prior anterograde tracing studies identified dense or moderately dense STT terminations. Large and very large injections in VL produced large numbers of labeled cells predominantly in laminae V and VII (more than half as many as from massive injections in the entire thalamus). Medium‐sized and small injections in VL labeled STT cells almost exclusively in laminae V and VII, in segments consistent with the coarse mediolateral VL topography; few or no cells were labeled in lamina I. All injections labeled the deep cerebellar nuclei (see accompanying article: Evrard and Craig,2008). Notably, even the most anterior injection in VL that produced dense pallidal labeling still labeled both STT and deep cerebellar cells. These observations indicate that VL receives STT input originating from laminae V and VII neurons that may be coextensive with its cerebellothalamic input. These findings support the role of laminae V and VII STT cells in sensorimotor integration and suggest a significant ongoing influence on both motor and premotor thalamocortical function. Together with the preceding observations of selective STT projections to other thalamic regions, these results provide compelling evidence that the primate STT consists of anatomically and functionally differentiable components. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:315–328, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical treatment of microwave guiding problems using the interfered waves model (IWM)
Authors: Elkaramany E. , El‐Hadeed F. G. A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a two‐dimensional frequency domain model for analyzing resonant structures. In this model, the transverse waves in the waveguide cross‐section at any point are simulated by superposition of two waves in two perpendicular directions. The relationships between the physical wave parameters and the model parameters are derived. Results for cutoff wave numbers of homogeneous arbitrarily shaped cylindrical waveguides are given to test the validity of the model. These results are compared with available analytical solutions and results given by other published methods. The model proves to give good treatment for boundary conditions and accurate results with smaller matrix size in comparison with other numerical methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geometry and analysis of spin equations
Authors: Fan Huijun , Jarvis Tyler J. , Ruan Yongbin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe introduce W‐spin structures on a Riemann surface Σ and give a precise definition to the corresponding W‐spin equations for any quasi‐homogeneous polynomial W. Then we construct examples of nonzero solutions of spin equations in the presence of Ramond marked points. The main result of the paper is a compactness theorem for the moduli space of the solutions of W‐spin equations when W = W(x1, …, xt) is a nondegenerate, quasi‐homogeneous polynomial with fractional degrees (or weights) qi < ½ for all i. In particular, the compactness theorem holds for the superpotentials E6, E7, E8 or An − 1, Dn + 1 for n ≥ 3. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Could this happen to me?”: Threat‐related state orientation increases position identification with victims of random, “senseless” violence
Authors: van Zomeren Martijn , Lodewijkx Hein F. M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTwo experiments examined the role of threat‐related action‐state orientation in how observers become psychologically involved with victims of violence. Observing incidents of random, “senseless” violence is uniquely threatening to observers because they violate just world beliefs and appear like they could happen to anyone. Because stronger threat‐related state‐oriented individuals are less effective in down‐regulating such threats to the self, they should perceive stronger self‐concerned position identification (i.e., “this could happen to me”) when confronted with random, “senseless” violence. In contrast, no such effects should occur for observers' person identification (i.e., their other‐concerned empathy for the victim). The results of two experiments supported these ideas and ruled out potential alternative explanations based on individuals' just world beliefs, need for cognition, and their attribution strategies. We discuss the importance of threat‐related self‐regulation processes with regard to self‐ and other‐concerned mechanisms through which observers come to care for victims of violence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron ladies, men of steel: The effects of gender stereotyping on the perception of male and female candidates are moderated by prototypicality
Authors: Lammers Joris , Gordijn Ernestine H. , Otten Sabine 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWomen remain a minority in politics. In nearly all countries, including parliamentary democracies, women are still underrepresented in national parliament and other representative institutions. Research has argued that there is a bias against women in elections. Here we study the process behind this phenomenon by investigating the effect of a candidate's gender and gender prototypicality on judgment of the suitability of this candidate in elections. The first experiment shows that when voters think topics that stereotypically demand male characteristics (e.g., competitiveness) are important, they prefer male candidates, while they prefer female candidates when topics that stereotypically demand female characteristics (e.g., pro‐sociability) are important. Experiment 2 replicates this and shows that this effect is fully reversed for counterprototypical (i.e., in physical appearance) candidates. This supports a stereotyping as prediction account, and has important theoretical and practical implications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of power system performance by LFC analysis of hydro power plants using QFT
Authors: Khodabakhshian A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe paper presents a unified approach for the design of the decentralized PID load frequency controller, based on the Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT). This method not only handles the parametric uncertainty in power systems, but also covers a wide range of load changes. The proposed controller design is simple and effective. The digital simulation results on a multimachine power system example with different operating conditions show that the performance of the controller is robust and effectively improves the dynamical stability of power system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A circuit based method for multiarea transmission networks loss allocation
Authors: Kazemi Ahad , Jadid Shahram , Andami Hooman 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of transmission loss allocation in very large networks with multiple interconnected regions or countries. The main objective is to propose a method in order to identify the amount of losses that each participant in the market causes on all system areas. Transmission pricing of cross‐border trades is often difficult since individual countries may use incompatible internal transmission pricing regimes, and they are usually unwilling to disclose any sensitive information about their own systems.This paper presents a new methodology based on the loss formula concept for allocating electric losses to generators and loads, participating in multiple interconnected energy markets. The only data required are the power flows and characteristics of tie‐lines and PV Ward equivalent model of area networks from border nodes point of view. No information is required about individual loads, generations, or detailed internal networks. The methodology is illustrated on the IEEE 118 node network which is divided into three areas, each with a different internal transmission pricing methodology. The proposed methodology is shown to be simple, transparent and very fast, and it can deal effectively with multiple pricing regimes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature distribution in ONAN power transformer windings with finite element method
Authors: Taghikhani M. A. , Gholami A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSince large power transformers belong to the most valuable assets in electrical power networks, it is suitable to pay higher attention to these operating resources. Thermal impact leads not only to long‐term oil/paper‐insulation degradation; it is also a limiting factor for the transformer operation. Therefore, the knowledge of the temperature, especially the hot‐spot temperature (HST), is of high interest. The calculation of current thermal stress helps to avoid unexpected outages. This paper presents the temperature distribution in windings of the oil power transformers. In this paper, energy (thermal) equation is solved until temperature is obtained. Oil in the transformer is assumed nearly incompressible and oil parameters such as thermal conductivity, special heat, viscosity, and density vary with temperature. For numerical solution of above equation, finite element method is used. The selected models for simulation are 300 KVA and 22.5 MVA ONAN transformers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lifestyle regularity and cyclothymic symptomatology
Authors: Shen Gail H. C. , Sylvia Louisa G. , Alloy Lauren B. , Barrett Fred , Kohner Melissa , Iacoviello Brian , Mills Ana 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe social zeitgeber theory emphasizes the importance that social rhythm regularity may play in promoting internal synchronization of circadian rhythms in individuals with or at risk for bipolar spectrum disorders. This study examined the relationship of lifestyle regularity, affective symptomatology, and sleep in 71 individuals exhibiting cyclothymic mood and behavior patterns. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group in which they were encouraged to regulate their daily routines or to a control group. Participants in the experimental group were able to successfully regulate their daily schedules. Although relationships between regularity and severity of depressive symptoms, across‐day variances in mood and behavior, and sleep duration were identified during baseline, increased lifestyle regularity did not differentially result in changes in these variables. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 64: 1–19, 2008.
Atmospheric moisture budget over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean based on the ERA‐40 reanalysis
Authors: Tietäväinen Hanna , Vihma Timo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe atmospheric moisture budget over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean was analysed for the period 1979–2001 on the basis of the ERA‐40 reanalysis of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts. Meridional transport by transient eddies makes the largest contribution to the southward water vapour transport. The mean meridional circulation contributes to the northward transport in the Antarctic coastal areas, but this effect is compensated by the southward transport by stationary eddies. The convergence of meridional water vapour transport is at its largest at 64–68°S, while the convergence of zonal transport is regionally important in areas of high cyclolysis. Inter‐annual variations in water vapour transport are related to the southern annular mode (SAM). The eastward transport has a significant (95% confidence level) positive correlation with the SAM index, while the northward transport has a significant negative correlation with SAM near 60°S. Hydrological balance is well‐achieved in the ERA‐40 reanalysis: the difference between the water vapour flux convergence (based on analysis) and the net precipitation (precipitation minus evaporation, based on 24‐h forecasts) is only 13 mm yr−1 (3%) over the Southern Ocean and − 8 mm yr−1 (5%) over the continental ice sheet. Over the open ocean, the analysis methodology favours the accuracy of the flux convergence. For the whole study region, the annual mean flux convergence exceeded net precipitation by 11 mm yr−1 (3%). The ERA‐40 result for the mean precipitation over the Antarctic continental ice sheet in 1979–2001 is 177 ± 8 mm yr−1, while previous estimates range from 173 to 215 mm yr−1. For the period 1979–2001, the ERA‐40 data do not show any statistically significant trend in precipitation over the Antarctic grounded ice sheet and ice shelves. From the ERA‐40 data, the annual average net evaporation (evaporation minus condensation) is positive over the whole continent. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Characterizing Biodegradation of PLA and PLA‐g‐AA/Starch Films Using a Phosphate‐Solubilizing Bacillus Species
Authors: Wu Chin‐San 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe use of PLA and PLA‐g‐AA/starch as materials for the controlled release of encapsulated PSB was evaluated. The results showed that the bacterium degraded both the PLA and the PLA‐g‐AA/starch composite films, resulting in cell release. Severe disruption of the film structure occurred after incubation for 60–90 d. The PLA‐g‐AA/starch (20 wt.‐%) films were more biodegradable than those made of PLA and also suffered a more pronounced decrease in molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity. Although blending of starch appeared to enhance the biodegradability of the PLA films, the pattern of degradation was quite similar for both types of films. The rate of cell release depends on the biodegradability of the film.magnified image
In Situ Mineralization of Hydroxyapatite on Electrospun Chitosan‐Based Nanofibrous Scaffolds
Authors: Yang Dongzhi , Jin Yu , Zhou Yingshan , Ma Guiping , Chen Xiangmei , Lu Fengmin , Nie Jun 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA biocomposite of hydroxyapatite (HAp) with electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds was prepared by using chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) and N‐carboxyethyl chitosan/PVA (CECS/PVA) electrospun membranes as organic matrix, and HAp was formed in supersaturated CaCl2 and KH2PO4 solution. The influences of carboxylic acid groups in CECS/PVA fibrous scaffold and polyanionic additive poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in the incubation solution on the crystal distribution of the HAp were investigated. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the deposited mineral phase on the scaffolds. It was found that addition of PAA to the mineral solution and use of matrix with carboxylic acid groups promoted mineral growth and distribution of HAp. MTT testing and SEM imaging from mouse fibroblast (L929) cell culture revealed the attachment and growth of mouse fibroblast on the surface of biocomposite scaffold, and that the cell morphology and viability were satisfactory for the composite to be used in bioapplications.magnified image
Separation of Parent Homopolymers from Diblock Copolymers by Liquid Chromatography under Limiting Conditions Desorption, 1 ‐ Principle of the Method
Authors: Berek Dušan 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA novel group of liquid chromatographic methods was developed, namely liquid chromatography under limiting conditions of enthalpic interactions (LC LC). LC LC utilizes the difference in the elution rates of the slow, pore permeating small solvent molecules and the fast traveling pore excluded macromolecules. The appropriately chosen small molecules create a barrier, which selectively promotes enthalpic interactions of one kind of polymer chains within the chromatographic system and thus blocks their fast elution. The non‐interacting polymer chains elute rapidly. Two different barriers enable simultaneous separation of both parent homopolymers from a diblock copolymer.magnified image
Mesoscopic Patterning in Evaporated Polymer Solutions: Poly(ethylene glycol) and Room‐Temperature‐Vulcanized Polyorganosilanes/‐siloxanes Promote Formation of Honeycomb Structures
Authors: Bormashenko Edward , Malkin Alexander , Musin Albina , Bormashenko Yelena , Whyman Gene , Litvak Natalya , Barkay Zahava , Machavariani Vladimir 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPatterning in evaporated polymer solutions based on amorphous polymers and chlorinated solvents has been investigated. Bilayered films patterned on two scales, i.e., 50 and 5 µm, are obtained. The addition of polyorganosilane/‐siloxane to solutions destroys the large‐scale pattern. Poly(ethylene glycol) promotes the formation of more dense close‐packed structures on the mesoscopic scale (≈5 µm). Short‐range and mesoscopic (liquid‐like) ordering of the honeycomb structures on the characteristic scale of 5 µm is revealed with the statistical analysis of SEM images. Physical mechanisms responsible for patterning are discussed.magnified image
Controlled/“Living” Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Catalyzed by Cobalt Acetate
Authors: Huang Zhong‐Xi , Zhang Yong‐Ming , Li Hong , Liu Yan‐Gang 
Published: March 2008

AbstractUsing cobalt acetate as a catalyst, the controlled/“living” polymerization of MMA was carried out. PMMA with a predicted molecular weight and a low polydispersity $(\overline M _{\rm w} /\overline M _{\rm n} = 1.26)$ was obtained. Using the obtained PMMA as a macroinitiator, a chain extension reaction was carried out. This increased the molecular weight of PMMA from 23 600 to 36 100, in good agreement with the predicted value, and the polydispersity index became lower $(\overline M _{\rm w} /\overline M _{\rm n} = 1.22)$. This indicated the “living” character of the polymerization. Bulk polymerization of styrene catalyzed by cobalt acetate using the obtained polystyrene as a macroinitiator yielded well‐defined PS‐b‐PMMA.magnified image
Facile Preparation of Branched Phosphazene‐Containing Nanotubes via an in situ Template Approach
Authors: Fu Jianwei , Huang Xiaobin , Huang Yawen , Zhu Lu , Zhu Yan , Tang Xiaozhen 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBased on an in situ template method, branched phosphazene‐containing nanotubes were synthesized via a controlled two‐step adding technique of acid acceptors. Structural and morphological characterizations of the as‐synthesized products were performed by SEM, TEM, EDX and FTIR. The results showed that the branched nanotubes were had inner and outer diameters of 8 and 50–150 nm, respectively. In addition, a formation mechanism for the nanostructures was proposed.magnified image
Influence of Interfacial Properties on Crack Propagation in Fiber‐Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
Authors: Sun Lili , Jia Yuxi , Ma Fengde , Zhao Jiang , Han Charles C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDynamic crack propagation routes in composites were investigated using numerical methods. The interfacial strength was characterized by means of the interfacial nodal constrained failure. Five different micro‐damage modes around a broken fiber and the corresponding stress/strain curves were obtained with the interfacial strength increasing. It was proved that the shear stress concentration region appears to be different as the interface varying from weak to strong and that the recovery of fiber load‐supporting with a strong interface is better than that with a weak interface. Experimental work has been done and the available results agree well with corresponding simulation results.magnified image
Exploring Actuation and Mechanotransduction Properties of Polymer Brushes
Authors: Comrie Jean E. , Huck Wilhelm T. S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSoft nanotechnology requires new approaches and materials to efficiently convert chemical energy into mechanical motion and vice versa. A number of key design parameters, such as responsiveness to external stimuli, directionality of response through alignment, transduction via surface stresses or changes in ionic conductivity can be found in polymer brushes and several recent examples of actuation and transduction in polymer brushes will be explored.magnified image
Comparative analysis of hydrogen bonding with participation of the nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms in the 2(2′‐heteroaryl)pyrroles and their trifluoroacetyl derivatives based on the 1H, 13C, 15N spectroscopy and DFT calculations
Authors: Afonin Andrei V. , Vashchenko Alexander V. , Ushakov Igor A. , Zorina Nadezhda V. , Schmidt Elena Yu. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe NHċbondX (X = N,O,S) intramolecular hydrogen bond in the series of 2(2′‐heteroaryl)pyrroles and their trifluoroacetyl derivatives is examined by the 1H, 13C, 15N spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the hydrogen bond on coupling and shielding constants is considered. It is shown that the NHċbondN intramolecular hydrogen bond causes a larger increase in the absolute size of the 1J(N,H) coupling constant and a larger deshielding of the bridge proton than the NHċbondO hydrogen bond. The effect of the NHċbondS interaction on the 1J(N,H) coupling constant and the shielding of the bridge proton is small. The NMR parameter changes in the series of the 2(2′‐heteroaryl)pyrroles due to NHċbondX hydrogen bond and the series of the 1‐vinyl‐2‐(2′‐heteroaryl)‐pyrroles due to CHċbondX hydrogen bond have the same order. The proximity of the nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur lone pair to the FċbondH hydrogen bridge quenches the trans‐hydrogen bond spin–spin couplings 1hJ(F,H‐1) and 2hJ(F,N). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.