bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENDOGENOUS FORMATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE IN NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: Fällström S. P. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA modification of the open circuit CO‐method was developed for determination of the total amount of haemoglobin in newborn infants. Simultaneous determinations of the COHb level, the pulmonary CO elimination and the total haemoglobin were performed on 32 full‐term newborn infants. The rate of haemoglobin catabolism was calculated from the CO elimination and the total haemoglobin on the assumption that CO is formed mainly from degraded haemoglobin and is eliminated quantitatively in the expired air.An evaluation of the COHb level as a quantitative measure of haemolysis was made.
TEMPORARY MONOSACCHARIDE INTOLERANCE
Authors: Harries J. T. , Francis D. E. M. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAn infant presented at three months with intolerance of glucose, galactose and fructose. It was thought that this was possibly secondary to staphylococcal infection. Recovery of monosaccharide intolerance coincided with recovery from infection. The infant was treated with a sugar‐free diet which is described in detail. It is important to detect and correct ketosis and/or hypoglycaemia at an early stage when such a diet is used.
REGIONAL LUNG FUNCTION STUDIED WITH 133Xe AND EXTERNAL DETECTORS (RADIOSPIROMETRY) IN CHILDREN WITHOUT CARDIOPULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Kjellman Bengt 
Published: January 2008

SummaryRegional lung function was studied in 12 children without cardiopulmonary disease. 133Xe was used as a tracer and external detectors were employed. Perfusion, ventilation and functional residual capacity of an apical field and a basal field of each lung were measured. The results agreed closely with those obtained in healthy adults, studied with the same technique.The reproducibility of the results on one and the same occasion was high as judged from duplicate determinations.Regional lung function in relation to regional functional residual capacity (indices of ventilation and perfusion) and the quotients of ventilation to perfusion of the lung fields were also calculated and were compared with the same measurements in adults. Concerning the perfusion indices for the different lung fields certain differences were found between the two groups of subjects.As the normal range of the different radiospirometric measurements was small the method seems suitable for detecting regional abnormalities in children with lung disease.
FREEMAN‐SHELDON'S SYNDROME, CRANIO‐CARPO‐TARSAL DYSTROPHY
Authors: Rintala Aarne E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA patient with Freeman‐Sheldon's syndrome (cranio‐carpo‐tarsal dystrophy), obviously the fourth case of its kind to be published, is described. No significant chromosome anomalies were demonstrated. Attention is drawn to the vertical grooves on the patient's jaw and lower lip, which may be remnants of the so‐called lateral sulci established in the embryo in a certain phase of development.
VENOUS OCCLUSION PLETHYSMOGRAPHY IN CHILDREN II. Resting calf blood flow in healthy children
Authors: Preece A. W. , Voyce M. A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryResting calf blood flow was measured in 36 children between the ages of 5–10 years. The overall mean was 3.4 ml/100 ml/min. The mean for each age group lies within 1 S. D. from the mean.
HISTAMINURIA IN HARTNUP DISEASE
Authors: Sjaastad Ottar , Halvorsen Sverre 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo patients with Hartnup disease showed increased urinary excretion of conjugated histamine and increased faecal excretion of histamine‐like activity. After addition of L‐histidine, histamine was formed in faecal specimens in vitro. After ingestion of L‐histidine there were signs of no more than a moderate intraluminal formation of histamine in the large bowel. These findings indicate that in Hartnup disease there is no marked malabsorption of L‐histidine, a thesis that will be tested further.
STUDIES ON ERYTHRO‐KINETICS IN INFANCY:XII. Survival in Adult Recipients of Cord Blood Red Cells Labelled in Vitro with Di‐isopropyl fluorophosphonate (DF32P)
Authors: Bratteby Lars‐Eric , Garby Lars , Wadman Bengt 
Published: January 2008

SummaryCord blood red cells from 8 full‐term infants were labelled in vitro with di‐iso‐propylfluorophos‐phonate (DF32P) and transfused into 8 adult recipients.The disappearance of the labelled cells was slightly curvilinear with a rate of 1.0–1.5% per day during the first month after transfusion and 0.7‐1.0% per day during the following month.The data are discussed with reference to earlier studies and it is concluded that cord blood red cells from full‐term infants disappear from the circulation of adult recipients in much the same way as from the circulation of newborn infants. The finding favours the hypothesis that “intrinsic” rather than “extrinsic” factors are likely to cause the difference in life span between foctal and adult red cells.
THE ANTIBODY PATTERN IN REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS OF ETHIOPIAN VILLAGE CHILDREN
Authors: Mellbin Tore , Vahlquist BO 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAs a part of the comprehensive program of investigation which is being conducted by the Children's Nutrition Unit in Ethiopia, it was considered essential to determine the incidence of antibodies to a number of important pathogens, in order to obtain an idea of the previous disease history and present state of immunity of the children. The material comprised sera fram 525 children of ages 5–11 years from those localities in which the project has established field activities. Poliomyelitis: The incidence of antibodies to poliomyelitis virus was very high, and 56–69 % of the children studied were positive for all three types. The titre levels were studied in a small series, and these showed high values. Morbilli: Antibodies to morbilli virus were found to occur in 60 to 86% of the children in the different regions. Rickettsial diseases: The incidence of antibodies to R. akari, R. burneti and R. prowazeki was studied, and in all regions a very low frequency of positive titres was found. Pertussis: The antibody incidence was very low throughout, and in two regions no antibodies were found. Streptococcal infection: The AST titres lay at a high level, with 43% of the children over 200 units/ml and 13% over 400 units/ml. Salmonellosis: The titre levels of Salmonella BO, CO and DO were low, and the frequency of positive titres varied between 7% and 51%. Syphilis: Kline's test was performed on sera from 313 children, and only one positive reaction was found. Toxoplasmosis: The incidence of positive findings varied between 7% and 46% in the different regions. Schistosomiasis: The incidence of antibodies to Schistosoma mansoni was studied in 213 sera, all of which were negative.
POLIOVIRUS ANTIBODY STATUS AND THE RESPONSE TO TRIVALENT ORAL POLIOVIRUS VACCINE IN NORWEGIAN SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Örstavik I. , Flugsrud Liv B. , Lahelle O. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryNeutralizing antibodies against poliovirus were studied among 124 Norwegian school children, 80 of whom received three doses of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine during the study, the remaining 44 were older siblings to vaccinees.Eighty per cent of 46 children with no previous Salk immunization lacked demonstrable antibodies against all three types of poliovirus at school entry. Among previously Salk vaccinated children, a considerable number seemed to be without antibody protection against type 1 and type 3.Antibody response to oral vaccine as measured by sero‐conversion ranged between 81 and 100 per cent.Spread of vaccine strains to older siblings was demonstrated serologically.
THE MECHANISM OF DIARRHOEA IN CONGENITAL DISACCHARIDE MALABSORPTION
Authors: Launiala Kari 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIntestinal malabsorption of lactose and sucrose, and the effect of these disaccharides on the movements of water and electrolytes were studied in two siblings with congenital lactose malabsorption (CLM) and one infant with congenital sucroseisomaltose malabsorption (CSIM), using the intestinal intubation technique.Sucrose in the CLM‐patients and lactose in the CSIM‐patient were absorbed already in the proximal part of the small intestine, whereas hardly any lactose in CLM and sucrose in CSIM disappeared from the small intestinal lumen. The unabsorbed disaccharides caused considerable movement of water and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen test fluid being diluted to 1 1/2–2 1/2 times in the duodenum and proximal jejunum. The contents of the small intestine were throughout isoosmotic with extracellular fluid and the unabsorbed disaccharides represented 25–30% of the osmotic activity.In the colon, the unabsorbed disaccharides disappeared in varying degree, they were split into monosaccharides and converted to lactate. Water, Na+ and Cl‐ were absorbed in the colon even in relative excess to the disappearance of the disaccharide and its splitting products, and in all cases the faecal volume was smaller than the volume of the test fluid. In a CLM‐patient a 3‐week period on lactose‐containing diet had no effect on the phenomena demonstrated in the small intestine, but disappearance of lactose and formation of lactate was greater in the colon, and amount of water less in the stools than before.It is suggested that the retention of water in the intestinal lumen through the osmotic activity of the unabsorbed disaccharide, together with the organism's tendency to Na+‐equilibrium between the luminal and extracellular fluid is the most important mechanism of diarrhoea in disaccharide malabsorption.
ENCEPHALOPATHY IN COMBINATION WITH A NEW PATTERN OF AMINOACIDURIA
Authors: BERGE T. , BORGFORS N. , BRUN A. , STUDNITZ W. VON 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA male infant born 5 weeks before calculated term had tachypnoea and peripheral cyanosis and its spontaneous activity was decreased. No sign of anoxia at delivery. The increased serum bilirubin was treated with exchange transfusion and on the 16th day of life the serum bilirubin level was normal. The child gradually developed signs of injury to the central nervous system and amino‐aciduria involving serine, alanine and threonine was discovered. The same amino acids were also found in increased concentrations in the serum.The child died at 38 days of age. Autopsy revealed multiple focal changes in the cerebral hemispheres. The changes consisted of focal necroses of white matter with gliosis and deposition of fat‐containing macrophages. The changes were of the same type as those described previously in certain inborn errors of metabolism but showed no specific features. Similar changes may also be seen in hypoxia, but in the present case there was no evidence for such an origin. No specific amino‐aciduria could be demonstrated at examination of 7 premature children with hypoxia. The kidneys showed no histological abnormalities and the fact that the concentration of the amino acids was increased both in the serum and in the urine argues against a renal origin.No explanation for the aetiology could be offered, but it was probably due to an inborn enzyme defect.
ERYTHROPOIETIN LEVELS IN CORD BLOOD OF CONTROL INFANTS AND INFANTS WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
Authors: STOUTENBOROUGH KENNETH A. , SUTHERLAND JAMES M. , MEINEKE HOWARD A. , LIGHT IRWIN J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryErythropoietin levels (ESF) were measured in premature infants with and without the respiratory distress syndrome in an effort to define the role of intrauterine hypoxia in the genesis of the disease. No difference in levels could be detected between infants with and without the: respiratory distress syndrome. This suggests that either intrauterine hypoxia plays no role in the genesis of the respiratory distress syndrome or that the hypoxia is (1) of short duration, (2) of relatively long duration, or (3) remote with respect to the time of birth. The higher levels found in full‐term infants suggested that hypoxia before birth is a more common feature of the term delivery than the premature delivery.
ACID‐BASE AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE IN NEWBORN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS
Authors: THALME BERTIL , ENGSTROM LARS 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe acid‐base and electrolyte balance was studied in 8 diabetic and 8 healthy mothers and their infants at caesarean section near term.Microliter methods were used for determination of pH, total CO2, potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium, total protein, inorganic phosphorus, glucose and lactate.The acid‐base and electrolyte balance of the newborn infant of a well‐controlled diabetic mother did not differ significantly from that of a newborn infant of a healthy mother.The infant of a diabetic mother seemed to be able to correct for an excess load of glucose and to maintain a “normal” level in the blood in the umbilical artery.Earlier observations that intense maternal hyperventilation is associated with a changed uterine and placental circulation and results in fetal acidosis were not confirmed in the present study.
GASTROENTERITIS WITH SECONDARY DISACCHARIDE INTOLERANCE
Authors: LLOYD‐STILL J. 
Published: January 2008

SummarySecondary disaccharide intolerance was a feature of the gastroenteritis in all cases and lasted from 2‐10 weeks, necessitating treatment with a disaccharide‐free milk. No bacterial or viral pathogens were isolated from the 5 affected infants, and all infants in whom disaccharide intolerance was recognised, survived. Lactose tolerance tests in the recovery phase were helpful in deciding when to reintroduce a normal (lactose containing) milk.
NEONATAL NONSPHEROCYTIC HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA DUE TO GLUCOSES‐PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY IN A DANISH INFANT
Authors: OLSEN J. E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA description is given of a case of neonatal icterus and hemolytic anemia in a Danish boy in whose blood the activity of G‐6‐PD was markedly reduced. Icterus appeared already one hour after delivery and serum bilirubin reached a maximum value of 16.4 mg/100 ml on the fourth day of life. Anemia was present from the second day of life and progressed during the first month to a minimal concentration of Hb of 5.2 g/100 ml. Normal activities were found in his parents and sister.
PLACENTAL TRANSFUSION IN THE PREMATURE INFANT WITH OBSERVATION ON CLINICAL COURSE AND OUTCOME
Authors: YAO A. C. , LIND J. , TIISALA R. , MICHELSSON K. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryBlood volume was measured in 73 truly premature and 10 “small for date” term infants following early or late cord clamping at birth. Forty‐five normal full term infants from a previous study were included for comparison. The results demonstrated that placental transfusion occurred if cord clamping was delayed. The amount of placental transfusion in terms of red cell volume per kg b.w. in the premature infants under 2001 g was less compared to that of both normal full term infants and premature infants above 2001 g. The clinical course showed high incidence and mortality from respiratory distress in premature infants under 2001 g. An interesting observation was the apparently higher mortality resulting from idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome in the late‐clamped group weighing under 2001 g.
APPARENT RESPONSE OF IMPAIRED MENTAL DEVELOPMENT, MINOR MOTOR EPILEPSY AND ATAXIA TO PYRIDOXINE
Authors: EKELUND H. , GAMSTORP I. , STUDNITZ W. VON 
Published: January 2008

SummaryImpaired mental development, minor motor epilepsy, and ataxia in a 2 1/:! year old boy without cystathioninuria and with a normal reaction to the tryptophane‐loading test responded favourably to pyridoxine. Transient taurinuria and a long lasting general aminoaciduria occurred during the treatment. Certain clinical and biochemical findings and observations suggested that the child's symptoms were due to an increased pyridoxine requirement.
A REPORT OF FOUR CASES, INCLUDING THREE IN ONE SIBSHIP, WITH COMPARATIVE HISTOLOGIC EVALUATION OF THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUSES AND GLOMERULI
Authors: Sutherland Lynette E. , Hartroft Phyllis , Balis John U. , Bailey John D. , Lynch Matthew J. 
Published: January 2008

Summary and ConclusionsAn electrolyte‐losing syndrome is described in three siblings, including one set of twins, and in an unrelated infant who was the product of incest. In most respects the clinical and laboratory findings in these patients were compatible with the condition which has come to be known as Bartter's syndrome. In all four of our patients, however, symptoms were manifested early in life, the disease ran a malignant course and death occurred early. Electron microscopic examination of the kidneys from two of our patients showed characteristic structural changes in the glomeruli including immaturity of the podocytes and extensive loss or fusion of their foot processes. Light microscopy of the kidneys from all four cases showed an unusually large proportion of immature glomeruli that seemed to diminish slowly with age. Some ninety per cent of these small glomeruli were located peripherally. The incidence and size of hypertrophied JGA, also the degree and extent of hyperplastic arterial thickening, appeared to increase with age. These findings are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that the basic abnormality in Bartter's syndrome may involve a defect of sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule, and that this leads to hypertrophy of the JGAs of functioning nephrons with excessive production and release of renin, which causes vasoconstrictive dormancy of the more peripheral glomeruli.
Transthoracic Impedance: III. Methodological Studies in Newborn Infants
Authors: VICTORIN LARS , DAILY WILLIAM , OLSSON TORSTEN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryStudies have been performed on the use of the transthoracic impedance measuring tech‐nique on newborn infants. The method permits the examination of the ratio air/blood in the lungs and the analysis of these changes by combination with measurements of variations in the air volume. To make this possible, certain testing conditions must be fulfilled. With the technique used for this investigation, studies should not be started until the electrodes have been applied for fully five minutes and, further‐more, the infant to be examined should be in a quiet state.Through the changes of the hydrostatic pressure conditions in different parts of the lungs t was found that the ratio airlblood in the lung parenchyma is gravity dependent and that the transthoracic impedance technique permits this phenomenon to be studied semi‐quantitatively.The electric fields of the transthoracic leads mainly cover lung parenchyma and therefore are the most suitable for these examinations. With the subject in a supine position, sagittal leads, from the hydrostatic point of view, allow impedance representing the mean of the lung to be recorded, and this lead is con‐sequently used to study the variations with respiration. For longitudinal studies of basic impedance a lead from side to side is employed as this facilitates a stable positioning of the electrodes.The relation between differences in air volume end the magnitude of impedance during respira‐tion has been investigated. Within wide ranges the tidal volume there is a linear relation between these two variables when assessed a t the moments of zero flow a t end‐inspiration and end‐expiration. An analysis of the dynamic course during a breath, however, reveals a discrepancy between change in impedance and air volume, interpreted as caused by simultaneous variation in the blood volume the lungs.
BLADDER STONE DISEASE OF CHILDHOOD II. A Clinico‐Pathological Study1
Authors: AURORA A. L. , TANEJA O. P. , GUPTA D. N. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA clinico‐pathological study of 61 cases of bladder stone in children was undertaken. The patients showed some evidence of growth failure. In none of the patients renal or ureteral stone could be visualized.The serum calcium and plasma phosphorus levels were within normal limits. A significant finding in these cases was raised serum muco‐protein levels. The urinary mucoprotein levels in patients were one and a half to two times higher than in control children. Hypoalbuminemia was observed in 36.6% of the cases.Morphological studies of bladder biopsies revealed dark granular cells rich in PAS positive material.From the observations made, it has been suggested that the bladder stone disease of childhood is an entity distinct from renal lithiasis. The possible factors in the etiopathogenesis of the disease have been discussed.
ABNORMAL TYROSINE METABOLISM IN HEREDITARY FRUCTOSE INTOLERANCE
Authors: GRANT D. B. , ALEXANDER F. W. , SEAKINS J. W. T. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryElevated plasma tyrosine and methionine levels, together with excessive urinary excretion of p‐hydroxypheny‐acetic and ‐lactic acids were found in an infant with hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI). Such findings may be common in HFI and this diagnosis must be considered in any infant with biochemical abnormalities of tyrosine metabolism.
EXPIRATORY FLOW RATES DETERMINED BY WEDGE AND WATER SPIROMETER IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS
Authors: LEVISON H. , KAMEL M. , WENG T.‐R. , KRUGER K. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYA comparison between measurements made with a conventional water spirometer and those with a wedge spirometer on 82 healthy normal subjects from 6 to 18 years of age and from 111.5 to 176.5 cm in height was made. Fourteen children with symptomatic asthma were also studied. It was found that the FVC and FEV1 were similar on both instruments. The values for V̇50 and MMEF were different, because V̇50 is an instantaneous measurement, whereas MMEF is a mean obtained over a wide range of lung volumes.It is suggested that V̇50 may be a more sensitive index of airway obstruction than the regular MMEF measurement.
A PATIENT WITH HEREDITARY GALACTOKINASE DEFICIENCY
Authors: DAHLQVIST A. , GAMSTORP I. , MADSEN H. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYA case of hereditary galactokinase deficiency is reported, occurring in a newborn boy and detected through routine screening of newborns for increased blood concentration of galactose. Symptoms were equivocal and consisted only of mild feeding difficulties and a slightly insufficient weight gain. The only abnormality found on clinical examination was lens opacities which were obvious when the boy was 5 weeks old. The biochemical abnormalities found were: excretion of large amounts of galactose and ga‐lactitol in the urine, galactosemia, and essentially no galactokinase activity in the red blood cells. On a galactose‐free diet, introduced when the boy was 3½ weeks old, he grew and developed normally, his cataracts had improved considerably after 4 months. The boy's both parents, one brother and possibly one sister were considered carriers of the autosomal recessive gene, as the enzyme activity found in their red blood cells was roughly half of the normal value.The clinical findings in patients with the various enzyme defects leading to galactosemia are described and related to the biochemical abnormalities caused by the defects. Possible screening methods are discussed.
A DOUBLE BLIND STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PHENOBARBITONE ON NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINAEMIA AND FREQUENCY OF EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION
Authors: SIGNER M. VEST. E. , WEISSER K. , OLAFSSON A. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYIn a double blind study the effect of phenobarbitone on neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia and the frequency of exchange transfusion was investigated. Newborn infants admitted were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The treated group comprised 56 and the control group 60 infants. Either placebo solution or phenobarbitone was injected i.m. at 8 hourly intervals for a total of 10 injections. The single dose varied between 1 mg and 5 mg according to weight. One exchange transfusion had to be performed in the treated and 11 in the control group. This difference is statistically significant. Serumbilirubin concentrations from the 4th day on were significantly lower in the treated infants than in controls.