bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentrations of chondroitin sulfate epitopes 3B3 and 7D4 in synovial fluid after intra-articular and extracapsular reconstruction of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs
Authors: Johnson Kenneth A. , Hart Robert C. , Chu Qili , Kochevar Deborah , Hulse Donald A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate effects of intra-articular and extracapsular reconstruction of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) on metabolism of articular cartilage as reflected by concentrations of chondroitin sulfate epitopes 3B3 and 7D4 in synovial fluid.Animals—13 adult dogs.Procedure—Each dog underwent unilateral CCL transection (CCLT). One month after CCLT, sham CCL reconstruction (3 dogs), intra-articular CCL reconstruction (5), or extracapsular CCL reconstruction (5) was performed. Synovial fluid was collected by direct arthrocentesis from CCLT and contralateral stifle joints immediately before (time 0) and 1, 3, and 5 months after CCLT. Fluid was examined for concentrations of 3B3 and 7D4 epitopes and total sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content.Results—Concentrations of 3B3, 7D4, and GAG, 3B3:GAG, or 7D4:GAG in CCLT joints did not differ significantly among treatment groups nor in the ratios of these variables in CCLT joints to contralateral joints at 3 months. In a longitudinal analysis, concentrations of 3B3 and 7D4, 3B3:GAG, and 7D4:GAG in CCLT joints in all groups changed significantly with time, but we did not detect time X group interactions.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Transection of CCL resulted in significant perturbation in articular cartilage metabolism as reflected by alterations in concentrations of 3B3 and 7D4 in synovial fluid. These changes over time were not significantly influenced by method of CCL reconstruction. We did not find evidence that surgical stabilization of CCL-deficient joints by intra-articular or extracapsular techniques had any effect on preventing alterations in composition of synovial fluid that have been associated with secondary osteoarthritis. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:581–587)
Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of equine retinal and pineal gland phosducin
Authors: Keller Christoph , Schulz Rüdiger 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objectives—To determine the full-length complementary
DNA (cDNA) sequence of equine retinal and
pineal gland phosducin (PHD) and to clone these
sequences.

Sample Population—Samples of equine retinal
RNA.

Procedure—A primer set was designed for use in
identifying a fragment of the equine PHD nucleotide
sequence, derived from retinal RNA samples, and
subsequently for use to deduce specific primers for
additional examination. The full-length cDNA was
determined by the method of rapid amplification of
cDNA ends (RACE). For full-length cDNA, newly
designed primers were used. Nucleotide sequences
were analyzed by use of computer software. The
deduced amino acid sequence was compared with
sequences of PHD reported for other species. In addition,
the sequence of equine pineal PHD was cloned.

Results—The cDNA nucleotide sequence for equine
PHD was 1,209 base pairs (bp) in length with an openreading
frame encoding a protein of 245 amino acids
and a calculated molecular mass of 28.214 kd. Similarity
with amino acid sequences of PHD from other species
was 89 to 93%. Sequences of equine PHD from retina
and pineal gland were identical. Equine PHD contained
a peptide sequence with 100% homology to an
uveitopathogenic peptide reported for rat PHD.

Conclusions—Equine PHD is a highly conserved protein
that has homology of immunologic interest with
rat PHD. These results establish a basis for studying
the role of PHD in ocular inflammation of horses. (Am J Vet Res 2001;62:61–66)
Determination of reference values for glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and insulin sensitivity tests in clinically normal cats
Authors: Appleton Delisa J. , Rand Jacqueline S. , Priest Jan , Sunvold Gregory D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine reference values and test variability for glucose tolerance tests (GTT), insulin tolerance tests (ITT), and insulin sensitivity tests (IST) in cats.Animals—32 clinically normal cats.Procedure—GTT, ITT, and IST were performed on consecutive days. Tolerance intervals (ie, reference values) were calculated as means ± 2.397 SD for plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, half-life of glucose (T1/2glucose), rate constants for glucose disappearance (Kglucoseand Kitt), and insulin sensitivity index (SI). Tests were repeated after 6 weeks in 8 cats to determine test variability.Results—Reference values for T1/2glucose, Kglucose, and fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during GTT were 45 to 74 minutes, 0.93 to 1.54 %/min, 37 to 104 mg/dl, and 2.8 to 20.6 µU/ml, respectively. Mean values did not differ between the 2 tests. Coefficients of variation for T1/2glucose, Kglucose, and fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were 20, 20, 11, and 23%, respectively. Reference values for Kittwere 1.14 to 7.3%/min, and for SI were 0.57 to 10.99 × 10-4min/µU/ml. Mean values did not differ between the 2 tests performed 6 weeks apart. Coefficients of variation for Kittand SIwere 60 and 47%, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—GTT, ITT, and IST can be performed in cats, using standard protocols. Knowledge of reference values and test variability will enable researchers to better interpret test results for assessment of glucose tolerance, pancreatic β-cell function, and insulin sensitivity in cats. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:630–636)
Comparison of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from Mannheimia haemolytica-inoculated calves with and without prior treatment with the selectin inhibitor TBC1269
Authors: Caverly Jessica M. , Radi Zaher A. , Andreasen Claire B. , Dixon Richard A. F. , Brogden Kim A. , Ackermann Mark R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives—To determine effects of selectin inhibitor TBC1269 on neutrophil infiltration, and neutrophilassociated injury during pneumonia induced byMannheimia haemolyticaand concentration of antimicrobial anionic peptide (AAP) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as well as antimicrobial activity of BALF from healthy (control) neonatal calves, neonatal calves withM haemolytica-induced pneumonia, neonatal calves with prior treatment with TBC1269, and adult cattle.Animals—Eighteen 1- to 3-day-old calves and 9 adult cattle.Procedure—Calves were inoculated withM haemolyticaorpyrogen-free saline (0.14MNaCl) solution into the right cranial lung lobe, and BALF was collected 2 or 6 hours after inoculation. Thirty minutes before and 2 hours after inoculation, 4 calves received TBC1269. The BALF collected from 9 adult cattle was used for comparison of BALF AAP concentration and antimicrobial activity. Protein concentration and neutrophil differential percentage and degeneration in BALF were determined. An ELISA and killing assay were used to determine BALF AAP concentration and antimicrobial activity, respectively.Results—Total protein concentration was significantly decreased in BALF from calves receiving TBC1269. Similar concentrations of AAP were detected in BALF from all calves, which were 3-fold higher than those in BALF from adult cattle. However, BALF from neonates had little or no anti-M haemolyticaactivity.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These results suggest that TBC1269 decreases pulmonary tissue injury in neonatal calves infected withM haemolytica. Although AAP is detectable in neonatal BALF at 3 times the concentration detected in adult BALF, neonatal BALF lacks antimicrobial activity forM haemolytica. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:665–672)
Use of western immunoblot for evaluation of myocardial dystrophin, α-sarcoglycan, and β-dystroglycan in dogs with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Spier Alan W , Meurs Kathryn M. , Coovert Daniel D , Lehmkuhl Linda B. , O'Grady Michael R. , Freeman Lisa M. , Burghes Arthur H. , Towbin Jeffrey A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the potential importance of dystrophin, α-sarcoglycan (adhalin), and β-dystroglycan, by use of western blot analysis, in several breeds of dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy.Sample Population—Myocardial samples obtained from 12 dogs were evaluated, including tissues from 7 dogs affected with dilated cardiomyopathy, 4 control dogs with no identifiable heart disease (positive control), and 1 dog affected with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (negative control for dystrophin). Of the affected dogs, 4 breeds were represented (Doberman Pinscher, Dalmatian, Bullmastiff, and Irish Wolfhound).Procedure—Western blot analysis was used for evaluation of myocardial samples obtained from dogs with and without dilated cardiomyopathy for the presence of dystrophin and 2 of its associated glycoproteins, α-sarcoglycan and β-dystroglycan.Results—Detectable differences were not identified between dogs with and without myocardial disease in any of the proteins evaluated.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Abnormalities in dystrophin, α-sarcoglycan, and β-dystroglycan proteins were not associated with the development of dilated cardiomyopathy in the dogs evaluated in this study. In humans, the development of molecular biological techniques has allowed for the identification of specific causes of dilated cardiomyopathy that were once considered to be idiopathic. The use of similar techniques in veterinary medicine may aid in the identification of the cause of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs, and may offer new avenues for therapeutic intervention. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:67–71)
Glucose tolerance testing in llamas and alpacas
Authors: Cebra Christopher K. , Tornquist Susan J. , Van Saun Robert J. , Smith Bradford B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine blood glucose clearance in 2 species of New World camelids after IV challenge and to examine mechanisms of this clearance.Animals—5 adult female llamas and 5 adult gelded alpacas.Procedure—After food was withheld for 12 hours, camelids received 0.5 g of glucose/kg of body weight by rapid IV infusion. Serum concentrations of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, cortisol, and insulin, and plasma concentrations of lactate were determined before and 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after infusion. Ratios of insulin to glucose and insulin to cortisol were calculated for each time point.Results—Postinfusion glucose concentrations were significantly higher in llamas than alpacas for the first 15 minutes and remained significantly higher than baseline values in both species for 180 minutes. Lactate and cortisol concentrations did not change significantly; nonesterified fatty acid concentrations decreased in both species 30 minutes after infusion. Baseline insulin concentrations were < 6 μU/ml in both species and increased only to 10.1 ± 0.7 μU/ml in llamas. Insulin concentrations did not change significantly in alpacas.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Llamas and alpacas clear glucose more slowly than other domestic species after challenge, mainly because of a weak insulin response and slow cellular uptake. This response may impair the assimilation of exogenous glucose as well as make llamas and alpacas prone to diabetes-like disorders when an abundance of endogenous or exogenous glucogenic agents are present. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:682–686)
Effect of topical administration of 2% dorzlamide hydrochloride or 2% dorzlamide hydrochloride-0.5% timolol maleate on intraocular pressure in clinically normal horses
Authors: Willis A. Michelle , Robbin Terah E. , Hoshaw-Woodard Stacy , Wilkie David A. , Schmall Michael L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effect of topical administration of 2% dorzolamide hydrochloride or 2% dorzolamide hydrochloride-0.5% timolol maleate on intraocular pressure (IOP) in clinically normal horses.Animals—18 healthy adult horses without ocular abnormalities.Procedure—The IOP was measured at 5 time points (7 AM, 9 AM, 11 AM, 3 PM, 7 PM) over 11 days. On days 1 and 2, baseline values were established. On days 3 through 5, horses received 2% dorzolamide HCl (group D, n = 9) or 2% dorzolamide HCl-0.5% timolol maleate (group DT, 9) in 1 randomly assigned eye every 24 hours immediately following each daily 7 AM IOP measurement. On days 6 through 9, each drug was given every 12 hours (7 AM and 7 PM) in the treated eye. Measurements on days 10 and 11 assessed return to baseline. Mixed linear regression models compared mean IOP difference for each drug at each time period.Results—Mean IOP decreased significantly in all eyes during the 2 dose/d period, compared with the baseline, 1 dose/d, and follow-up periods.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of either drug every 24 hours for short-term treatment does not reduce IOP significantly. Administering either drug every 12 hours induced a significant reduction of IOP; however, controlling for all variables, the reduction was less than 2 mm Hg. (Am J Vet Res2001;61:709–713)
Effect of storage conditions on hemostatic parameters of canine plasma obtained for transfusion
Authors: Iazbik Cristina , Couto C. Guillermo , Gray Tony L. , Kociba Gary 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the effects of various storage
conditions on one-stage prothrombin time (OSPT),
activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and fibrinogen
concentration of canine plasma collected for
transfusion.

Sample Population—Plasma from 9 dogs.

Procedure—Whole blood was collected from dogs by
means of jugular venipuncture and centrifuged at
7,300 × g for 20 minutes at 0 C. A plasma extractor
was then used to generate plasma. Aliquots of plasma
were collected in segments of plastic tubing and
in microcentrifuge tubes, and plasma collection bags,
tubing segments, and microcentrifuge tubes were
immediately frozen at –30 C. Additional tubing segments
and microcentrifuge tubes were stored at 2 C.
After 1 week of storage, all samples were thawed,
and OSPT, APTT, and fibrinogen concentration were
measured. Collection bags and microcentrifuge tubes
were refrozen at –30 C, and values were measured
again 30 days after blood collection.

Results—Values for OSPT, APTT, and fibrinogen concentration
did not vary significantly with storage time,
temperature, or container.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested
that storage for up to 30 days and at 2 C versus
–30 C did not have any significant effect on hemostatic
parameters of canine plasma obtained for transfusion.
(Am J Vet Res 2001;62:734–735)
Biochemical characterization of cartilage affected by osteochondritis dissecans in the humeral head of dogs
Authors: Tomlinson James L. , Cook James L. , Kuroki Keiichi , Kreeger John M. , Anderson Mark A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentration and immunohistochemical staining characteristics of type-I, -II, and -X collagen from cartilage affected by osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in dogs.Animals—31 dogs with OCD and 11 clinically normal purpose-bred dogs.Procedure—Cartilage samples were evaluated microscopically, and GAG content was determined. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for type-I, -II, and -X collagen. Sections were subjectively evaluated for location and intensity of staining.Results—Cartilage affected by OCD had a variety of pathologic changes and significantly lower GAG concentrations than did normal cartilage. Normal cartilage had no detectable type-I collagen. For dogs < 9 months of age, cartilage affected by OCD had significantly more type-I collagen but significantly less type- X collagen than did control cartilage. For dogs > 12 months of age, cartilage affected by OCD contained significantly more type-I collagen than did control cartilage. There was a significant negative correlation between immunoreactivity of type-I collagen and that of type-II and -X collagen. A significant positive correlation was found between immunoreactivity of type-II and -X collagen.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cartilage affected by OCD contains less GAG, more type-I collagen, and less type-X collagen, compared with normal cartilage. A direct correlation between these changes and the etiopathogenesis of OCD was not established. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:876–881)
Use of a murine xenograft model for canine transmissible venereal tumor
Authors: Harmelin A. , Pinthus J. H. , Katzir N. , Kapon A. , Volcani Y. , Amariglio E. N. , Rehavi G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop a murine model for canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT).Animals—Thirty-three 6-week-old NOD/LtSz-scid (NOD/SCID) mice and seven 6-week-old C57BL/6J mice.Procedure—Samples of CTVT were excised from a 3-year-old dog and inoculated SC into ten 6-week-old NOD/SCID mice to induce growth of xenograft transmissible venereal tumor (XTVT). To establish mouseto- mouse transmission, samples of XTVT were removed and inoculated SC into 4 groups of 6-weekold NOD/SCID mice and into a control group. Samples of CTVT were also inoculated into immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice for a mouse antibody production (MAP) test. The canine and xenografted tumors were evaluated cytologically and histologically, and polymerase chain reaction was performed for detection of the rearranged LINE/c-MYCjunction.Results—8 of 10 NOD/SCID mice that were inoculated with CTVT developed tumors 3 to 10 weeks after inoculation. In the second-generation xenograft, all mice developed tumors by postinoculation day 47; 1 X 106of XTVT cells were enough to create a xenograft. Metastases developed in 4 of 20 mice. Xenografted and metastatic tumors retained cytologic, histologic, and molecular characteristics of CTVT. Results of the MAP test were negative for all pathogens.Conclusion—We established an NOD/SCID murine model for XTVT and metastasis of CTVT. This model should facilitate study of tumor transplantation, progression, and metastasis and should decrease or eliminate the need for maintaining allogenic transfer in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:907–911)
Nitrogen balance in clinically normal dogs receiving parenteral nutrition solutions
Authors: Mauldin Glenna E. , Reynolds Arleigh J. , Mauldin G. Neal , Kallfelz Francis A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine nitrogen balance in clinically normal dogs receiving parenteral nutrition solutions.Animals—8 clinically normal female Beagles.Procedure—Dogs were randomly assigned to receive 4 treatments in random order. Treatment A consisted of IV administration of nonlactated Ringer's solution. Treatments B, C, and D consisted of IV administration of isocaloric parenteral solutions containing 0, 1.36, and 2.04 g of amino acids/kg of body weight/d, respectively, for 7 consecutive days. Urine and feces were collected on days 5, 6, and 7 of each treatment period, and Kjeldahl analysis was used to determine nitrogen balance.Results—Mean nitrogen balance was negative with treatments A and B but was not significantly different from 0 with treatments C and D. Dogs had the lowest nitrogen balance values and lost the most weight while receiving treatment A. Dogs were able to conserve protein and had higher nitrogen balance values when receiving treatment B, compared with treatment A. Dogs lost the least amount of weight while receiving treatment D. Regression analysis indicated that an IV amino acid intake of 2.32 g/kg/d (95% confidence interval, 2.00 to 2.81 g/kg/d), as supplied by the commercial product used in this study, would result in zero nitrogen balance in clinically normal dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that IV amino acid requirement of clinically normal dogs is approximately 2.3 g/kg/d. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:912–920)
Effects of oral vitamin E supplementation during late gestation in beef cattle that calved in late winter and late summer
Authors: Bass II Roger T. , Swecker William S. , Eversole Dan E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine effects of breed and oral vitamin E supplementation during late gestation on serum vitamin E and IgG concentrations in beef cows that calved in late winter and late summer and in neonatal calves.Animals—73 Angus and 43 Hereford primiparous and multiparous cows and their calves.Procedure—Cows in groups that were homogeneous regarding breed and age distribution were randomly allotted to groups that were orally supplemented (n = 59) or not supplemented (57) with vitamin E beginning 30 days prior to onset of 65-day calving seasons. Supplemental vitamin E was provided in a vitamin-mineral mix offered free-choice until parturition.Procedure—Cows that calved in late winter and were supplemented orally with vitamin E had higher serum vitamin E concentrations at calving and after calving than did unsupplemented cows; differences between groups before calving were not significant. Calves from supplemented multiparous cows had higher vitamin E concentrations than did calves from unsupplemented cows. Winter-born calves from supplemented Hereford cows had heavier 205-day adjusted weaning weights than did winter-born calves from unsupplemented Hereford cows. Supplementation did not affect vitamin E or IgG concentrations in the herd that calved in late summer and did not affect calf growth.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Oral vitamin E supplementation during late gestation may be economically beneficial in certain cow-calf operations in which late-gestation cows are consuming stored forages. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:921–927)
Comparison of serum parathyroid hormone and ionized calcium and magnesium concentrations and fractional urinary clearance of calcium and phosphorus in healthy horses and horses with enterocolitis
Authors: Toribio Ramiro E. , Kohn Catherine W. , Chew Dennis J. , Sams Richard A. , Rosol Thomas J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate calcium balance and parathyroid gland function in healthy horses and horses with enterocolitis and compare results of an immunochemiluminometric assay (ICMA) with those of an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for determination of serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations in horses.Animals—64 horses with enterocolitis and 62 healthy horses.Procedures—Blood and urine samples were collected for determination of serum total calcium, ionized calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+), phosphorus, BUN, total protein, creatinine, albumin, and PTH concentrations, venous blood gases, and fractional urinary clearance of calcium (FCa) and phosphorus (FP). Serum concentrations of PTH were measured in 40 horses by use of both the IRMA and ICMA.Results—Most (48/64; 75%) horses with enterocolitis had decreased serum total calcium, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations and increased phosphorus concentrations, compared with healthy horses. Serum PTH concentration was increased in most (36/51; 70.6%) horses with hypocalcemia. In addition, FCa was significantly decreased and FP significantly increased in horses with enterocolitis, compared with healthy horses. Results of ICMA were in agreement with results of IRMA.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Enterocolitis in horses is often associated with hypocalcemia; 79.7% of affected horses had ionized hypocalcemia. Because FCa was low, it is unlikely that renal calcium loss was the cause of hypocalcemia. Serum PTH concentrations varied in horses with enterocolitis and concomitant hypocalcemia. However, we believe low PTH concentration in some hypocalcemic horses may be the result of impaired parathyroid gland function. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:938–947)