bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SwingStates: adding state machines to Java and the Swing toolkit
Authors: Appert C. , Beaudouin‐Lafon M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis article describes SwingStates, a Java toolkit designed to facilitate the development of graphical user interfaces and bring advanced interaction techniques to the Java platform. SwingStates is based on the use of finite‐state machines specified directly in Java to describe the behavior of interactive systems. State machines can be used to redefine the behavior of existing Swing widgets or, in combination with a new canvas widget that features a rich graphical model, to create brand new widgets. SwingStates also supports arbitrary input devices to implement novel interaction techniques based, for example, on bi‐manual or pressure‐sensitive input. We have used SwingStates in several Master's‐level classes over the past two years and have developed a benchmark approach to evaluate the toolkit in this context. The results demonstrate that SwingStates can be used by non‐expert developers with little training to successfully implement advanced interaction techniques. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Error‐preserving reductions on communication protocols
Authors: Duan Lihua , Chen Jessica 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCommon logical design errors in communication protocols are typically detected through reachability analysis or state‐based model checking techniques. These techniques suffer from a state explosion problem and a variety of methods have been explored to deal with it. In this paper, two transformation rules are proposed to be applied specifically on the specifications of communication protocols to reduce their sizes while preserving common logical design errors. These rules are applied on the specification of each individual process in the protocols before state exploration and thus can be combined with most of the existing reachability analysis or model checking techniques applied during state exploration. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance evaluation of an MR damper in building structures considering soil–structure interaction effects
Authors: Lee Sung‐Kyung , Lee Sang‐Hyun , Min Kyung‐Won , Moon Byoung‐Wook , Youn Kyung‐Jo , Hwang Jae‐Seung 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSince the force generated by a magneto‐rheological (MR) damper has large nonlinearity, the performance of an MR damper is dependent on response characteristics such as frequency and amplitude. Soil–structure interaction (SSI) is generally known to have a large effect on the seismic response of a building structure. In this study, the performance of an MR damper in mitigating the seismic response of a building structure is evaluated considering the SSI effects. First, the performance variance of an MR damper due to the change of the structural natural period is investigated by constructing its normalized response spectrum through the numerical analysis of many earthquake wave records and the natural period of a structure. The variable friction force of an MR damper is normalized by the structural base shear force, and its amplitude and decrement of response are quantitatively evaluated. Then, the response characteristics of the SSI system due to the lengthening of the structural natural period and various soil conditions are numerically evaluated based on the response spectrum analysis. Finally, the numerical results with and without considering the SSI effects are comparatively evaluated for the building structure with an MR damper. The comparison results show that the SSI effect should be considered in order that the undesirable effect of an MR damper on the structural control would not be neglected. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ant‐ and plant‐mediated indirect effects induced by aphid colonization on herbivorous insects on tall goldenrod
Authors: Ando Yoshino , Ohgushi Takayuki 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe studied the indirect effects of an aphid Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum on density and performance of herbivorous insects through tending ants and modification of plant traits on a tall goldenrod Solidago altissima in Japan. To examine ant‐mediated indirect effects of the aphid on the leafhopper and geometrid moth caterpillars, we conducted an experiment in which we manipulated aphid densities. The aphid decreased the density of these herbivorous insects through ant‐mediated indirect effects, because honeydew scattered by the aphid‐attracted ants that then removed them. To examine plant‐mediated indirect effects of the aphid on two temporally separated insects, a scale insect and a grasshopper, we compared the density and performance of these herbivorous insects on aphid‐inoculated plants and aphid‐free plants. Aphid‐induced plant modifications had different effects on the scale insect and grasshopper. The aphid indirectly decreased the density and survivorship of the scale insect. On the other hand, the number of grasshoppers increased as a result of the increased number of leaves and the increased nitrogen content induced by prior aphid feeding. However, aphid infestation did not affect the survival of the grasshopper. Thus, the aphid has large indirect effects on co‐occurring herbivorous insects through the removal behavior of tending ants and on temporally separated herbivorous insects through changes in quality and quantity of the tall goldenrod.
Neuroprotection of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor against hypoxic injury in vitro requires activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase
Authors: Sun Xiaomei , Zhou Hui , Luo Xiaoli , Li Shengfu , Yu Dan , Hua Jiping , Mu Dezhi , Mao Meng 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIntrauterine asphyxia is one of the major contributors for perinatal death, mental and physical disorders of surviving children. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) provides a promising solution to hypoxic injury due to its survival‐promoting effects. In an attempt to identify possible molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective role of BDNF, we studied extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI‐3‐K) and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. We demonstrated that BDNF protected cortical neurons against hypoxic injury in vitro via activation of both the ERK and PI‐3‐K pathways but not the p38 MAPK pathway. We also showed that both hypoxic stimuli and exogenous BDNF treatment phosphorylated the cyclic AMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) and that CREB phosphorylation induced by BDNF was mediated via the ERK pathway in cultured cortical neurons.
Preschoolers use partial letter names to select spellings: Evidence from Portuguese
Authors: POLLO TATIANA CURY , TREIMAN REBECCA , KESSLER BRETT 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTTwo studies examined children's use of letter–name spelling strategies when target phoneme sequences match letter names with different degrees of precision. We examined Portuguese-speaking preschoolers' use ofh(which is named /a′ga/ but which never represents those sounds) when spelling words beginning with /ga/ or variants of /ga/. We also looked at use ofq(named /ke/) when spelling /ke/ and /ge/. Children sometimes usedhfor stimuli beginning with /ga/ and /ka/, andqwhen spelling words and nonwords beginning with /ke/ and /ge/ they did not use these letters when stimuli began with other sequences. Thus, their spellings evinced use of letter-name matches primarily when consonant-vowel sequences matched, such that vowels must be exact but consonants could differ in voicing from the target phoneme.
Lipid profile in men and women with different levels of sports participation and physical activity
Authors: Scheers Tineke , Philippaerts Renaat , Langendonck Leen Van , Duquet William , Duvigneaud Nathalie , Matton Lynn , Thomis Martine , Wijndaele Katrien , Lefevre Johan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to analyse the lipid profile in men and women differentiated according to energy expenditure during sports participation (EESPORT), energy expenditure during active leisure time (EEALT) and overall energy expenditure (EETOTAL).DesignThe subjects were grouped by sex, age, EESPORT, EEALT and EETOTAL. Group differences were analysed using analyses of covariance with BMI and alcohol consumption as covariates.SettingPhysical activity was assessed using the Flemish Physical Activity Computerised Questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were taken to measure total cholesterol (TC), TAG, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and the ratio TC:HDL-C.SubjectsThe study sample consisted of 1170 Flemish men and women between 18 and 75 years of age.ResultsDifferences in lipid profile were observed in the younger age group (<45 years), all in favour of the most active group. More specifically, when differentiating by EEALT and EETOTAL, men had a healthier lipid profile for TAG, HDL-C and TC:HDL-C. Differentiation according to EESPORT revealed the same significant results except for TAG. In women significant results for HDL-C, LDL-C and TC:HDL-C were found when differentiated by EESPORT.ConclusionsMen and women <45 years of age with higher levels of energy expenditure due to sport show a better lipid profile than their sedentary counterparts. When differentiating subjects according to energy expenditure during active leisure time or overall energy expenditure, only in men was a healthier lipid profile observed in favour of the most active subjects.
A muscle‐specific actin gene from the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata
Authors: He M. , Haymer D. S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA characterization of an actin gene isolated from the genome of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, including the complete sequencing of the coding, 3′ and 5′ flanking regions of this gene and a partial cDNA was carried out. The partial cDNA was derived from the 3′ untranslated region of the actin gene described here, and has been used to identify this gene uniquely. The DNA sequence data presented here, together with the pattern of expression exhibited by this gene during development, strongly support the interpretation that this is a muscle‐specific actin gene. Peaks of expression are seen in tissues and during temporal phases of development where muscle differentiation is occurring. The derived protein sequence of the Medfly actin gene shows the highest degrees of similarity, 98.4 and 96.6% respectively, with the two muscle‐specific actin genes 79B and 88F from D. melanogaster. The Medfly actin gene also has a single intervening sequence, and an intron is found at the same position in the 79B and 88F actin genes. In the coding region at the DNA level, 17.2 and 16.4% nucleotide differences, respectively, are observed between the Medfly actin gene and these same two D. melanogaster actin genes. The disparity between the amino acid and nucleotide comparisons can be explained, in part, by a high level of synonymous changes in the DNA sequence. In addition, despite the many similarities, codon usage appears to be very different between the actin genes of these species.
Distribution of split 5.8S ribosomal RNA in Diptera
Authors: Shimada T. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAlthough the 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of most eucaryotes consists of 155–170 nucleotides, in two dipterous species the 5.8S rRNA consists of two pieces, 123 and 30 nucleotides in length. The distribution of split 5.8S rRNA was studied in other Diptera and the most closely related order Siphonaptera to learn the origin of split 5.8S rRNA. Four species of mosquitoes, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex pipiens molestus, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles sp. (Culicidae) had a single 5.8S rRNA consisting of˜154 nucleotides. A flea Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) also had a single RNA of ˜158 nucleotides. A crane fly (Tipulidae), a midge Orthocladius akamusi (Chironomidae), a robber fly (Asilidae), and a house fly Musca domestica (Muscidae), on the other hand, had divided 5.8S rRNA as did a fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophilidae) and a darkwinged fungus gnat Sciara coprophila (Sciaridae). Three hypotheses are proposed on the relationship between the evolution of the 5.8S rRNA and the phylogeny of Diptera.
Expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in Aedes albopictus (C6/36) cells using a non‐infectious Sindbis virus expression vector
Authors: Olson K. E. , Carlson J. O. , Beaty B. J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractGenomic RNA was transcribed in vitro from the non‐infectious Sindbis (SIN) virus expression vector (pTRCAT) and introduced into C6/36 (Aedes albopictus) cells by liposome‐mediated transfections. The chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) polypeptide expressed within cells was detected by an indirect immunofluorescent assay directly into 24‐well polystyrene tissue culture plates. Approximately 1 in 1000 C6/36 cells showed fluorescence when the transfection was optimized. CAT enzyme activity was also assayed; in C6/36 cells CAT expression was detected as early as 8 h after transfection, peaked at 24 h, and could still be detected at 7 days. At 24 h post‐transfection each transfected C6/36 cell was calculated to express 1.3 × 107 CAT polypeptides.
Plasmid modifications in a tick‐borne pathogen, Borrelia burgdorferi, cocultured with tick cells
Authors: Munderloh U. G. , Park Y.‐J. , Dioh J. M. , Fallon A. M. , Kurtti T. J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe describe an in vitro system that will facilitate molecular analysis of the association between Lyme disease spirochetes and vector cells. We cocultured Borrelia burgdorferi continuously with two tick cell lines, RAE25 (from Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) and IDE8 (from Ixodes scapularis). A clone isolated after twenty‐two passages with RAE25 cells had lost the largest (49 kb) plasmid, and probes containing information normally encoded on it, including genes for two surface proteins, hybridized to smaller plasmids. Spirochetes maintained with IDE 8 cells showed a new 43 kb plasmid that hybridized to a probe made from the 49 kb plasmid. After reisolation from hamsters, these spirochetes carried a large plasmid (100 kb) that hybridized with the 49 kb plasmid. These changes may illustrate a plasticity that enables B. burgdorferi to adapt to different environments.
The salivary glands of the vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti, express a novel member of the amylase gene family
Authors: Grossman G. L. , James A. A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSeveral cDNA clones with similarity to α‐amylases have been characterized from a library made from adult female salivary gland RNA isolated from the vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti. The corresponding gene, designated Amylase I (Amy I), is expressed specifically in the proximal‐lateral lobes of the adult female salivary gland, a pattern overlapping that of another gene, Mal I, involved in carbohydrate metabolism. The deduced amino acid sequence of Amy I indicates that this gene encodes a protein, approximate Mr= 81,500, that appears to be a novel member of the amylase gene family. The mosquito protein contains a putative signal peptide for secretion and several consensus sites for asparagine‐linked glycosylation. The Amy I protein shows significant similarity to invertebrate and vertebrate amylases including the conservation of four reactive and substrate binding sites. However, the amino‐terminal region of the Amy‐I protein is unique to the mosquito. Similarity with the Drosophila melanogaster protein is evident only after the first 260 amino acids in the mosquito sequence. The identification of this gene and its expression pattern adds to the observed relationship between spatial‐specific gene expression in the female salivary glands and the specific feeding mode of the adult mosquito.
Gene structure of Bombyx mori larval serum protein (BmLSP)
Authors: Fujiwara Y. , Yamashita O. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTo understand the molecular mechanisms of the larval‐specific transcription of Bombyx mori larval serum protein (BmLSP), we isolated a clone of the BmLSP gene from a genomic library and sequenced a 3.5‐kb fragment. An intron was found in the 5′ noncoding region of the BmLSP gene. A putative transcription start point was determined by primer extension analysis. Genomic Southern hybridization showed that there is one copy of the BmLSP gene in a haploid genome. A database search revealed that the BmLSP gene has presumptive repetitive sequences found in other B. mori genes, the sequence homologous to ecdysone‐responsive elements and a heptamer sequence found in storage protein genes.
Sequence analysis of a mosquito ribosomal protein rpL8 gene and its upstream regulatory region
Authors: Lan Que , Fallon A. M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe gene encoding Aedes albopictus ribosomal protein L8 was isolated using a cDNA probe. Based on the deduced amino acid sequence, rpL8 has a mass of 28,605 Da, a pl of 11.97, and contains 9.6% Arg and 11.9% Lys. The rpL8 gene spans 1229 nucleotides, and contains three exons measuring 73, 150, and 648 nucleotides. The first intron is 293 nucleotides long and interrupts an 85‐nucleotide untranslated leader sequence. The AUG codon is located 12 nucleotides downstream of the 5′‐end of the second exon. Separating the second and third exons is a 65‐nucleotide intron. The major transcription initiation site, identified by primer extension and polymerase stop reactions, mapped 378 nucleotides upstream from the AUG start codon; minor initiation sites were also detected. The DNA sequence upstream of the rpL8 gene was T‐rich, but conventional TATA and CAAT boxes were absent. This is the first molecular analysis of a mosquito ribosomal protein gene.
Genomic subtractive hybridization to isolate species‐specific DNA sequences in insects
Authors: Clapp J. P. , McKee R. A. , Allen‐Williams L. , Hopley J. G. , Slater R. J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSelective enrichment has been used in a number of instances for the isolation of species‐specific sequences in prokaryotes. This paper reports the successful application of the technique to insects. Genomic probes were derived to the target species D. funebris and D. simulans. The method involves the biotinylation of non‐target ‘driver’ DNA prepared from the closely related species D. melanogaster and its hybridization to homologous sequences in the target DNA. Hybrid molecules were removed from the reaction by incubation with streptavidin followed by phenol extraction, leaving a preparation enriched for target fragments. All DNA fragments isolated in the D. funebris experiments proved to be specific to that species. Five out of twenty‐four fragments screened in the D. simulans experiments were specific when screened with homologous DNA and genomic DNA from its sibling species, D. melanogaster.
Polymorphic cDNAs encode for the methionine‐rich storage protein from Manduca sexta
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Yu , Frohlich D. R. , Wells M. A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBy cDNA cloning and sequencing we have shown that Manduca sexta larvae produce three very closely related methionine‐rich storage proteins, MMR1, MMR2 and MMR3. Out of 2256 nucleotides in the coding region, the cDNAs differ by at most twenty‐one bases and this leads to a single amino acid difference between MMR1 and MMR2, and between MMR2 and MMR3, whereas MMR1 and MMR3 differ by two amino acids. Using both distance and parsimony methods, similarities between the M. sexta and Bombyx mori methionine‐rich and arylphorin storage proteins were examined. Homologous proteins from the two species tend to be more closely related than are the two classes of storage proteins in a single species.
Isolation, sequencing and characterization of two cDNA clones coding for trypsin‐like enzymes from the midgut of Aedes aegypti
Authors: Kalhok. S. E. , Tabak L M. , Prosser D. E. , Brook W. , Downe A. E. R. , White B. N. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn order to understand the regulation of trypsin genes by the blood meal, we constructed a cDNA library from mRNA isolated from midguts of blood‐fed female Aedes aegypti. The library was screened with a Dros‐ophila melanogaster trypsin‐like gene; twelve cDNAs were isolated and sequenced. Two clones were 846 bp and 788 bp long with 762 bp and 716 bp open reading frames, respectively. The cDNAs were identified as coding for serine proteases by the presence of conserved serine, histidine and aspartic acid residues; the presence of an aspartate residue at position 176 suggests that the clones were derived from trypsin‐like gene transcripts rather than chymotrypsin or other serine proteases. One of the clones contained a 5 untranslated region and coding regions for putative signal and activation peptides, suggesting that the product is secreted as an inactive zymogen and processed by autoactivation. Southern analysis of genomic DNA suggests that trypsin is encoded by a multi‐gene family in A. aegypti.
Nucleotide sequence of an adult‐specific cuticular protein gene from the beetle Tenebrio molitor: effects of 20‐hydroxyecdysone on mRNA accumulation
Authors: Bouhin H. , Braquart C. , Charles J.‐P. , Quennedey B. , Delachambre J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe accumulation of transcripts from two adult‐specific cuticular genes (ACP‐20 and ACP‐22) is shown to be modified after addition of exogenous 20‐hydroxyecdysone. In the continuous presence of high levels of the hormone, the expression of ACP‐20 gene is significantly weaker than that of untreated controls, while ACP‐22 expression is 2.5‐fold increased. During active synthesis of the ACP messages, a 0.5 µ20‐hydroxyecdysone injection causes a rapid 2‐fold increase in ACP‐22 mRNA and is not able to repress ACP‐20 mRNA accumulation. We conclude that these genes whose transcripts appear in an almost coordinated manner in epidermal cells during the moulting cycle are regulated by ecdysteroids in a different way. In order to undertake a functional dissection of the promoter regions of ACP‐22 gene, we have isolated and sequenced a genomic clone. The sequence similarities with other cuticular protein genes are discussed.
An amplified mosquito dihydrofolate reductase gene: ampiicon size and chromosomal distribution
Authors: Shotkoski F. A. , Fallon A. M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe dihydrofolate reductase ampiicon in metho‐trexate‐resistant mosquito cells provides an amplified gene in insects that can be compared directly to the corresponding amplified locus in mammalian cells. A cloned Aedes albopictus dihydrofolate reductase gene was used as a probe to examine the structure of dihydrofolate reductase alleles in sensitive and resistant cells. In wild type cells, two distinct alleles could be distinguished by restriction fragment length polymorphisms, one of which was amplified in methotrexate‐resistant cells. Subsequent to amplification, an additional polymorphism at a ten base‐pair XmrA recognition site indicated that the amplified mosquito gene is subject to genetic changes similar to those that have been described in amplified genes from mammalian cells. Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis was used to determine that the minimum size of the mosquito dihydrofolate reductase ampiicon was 140 kilobases; ethidium bromide staining patterns suggested a size of at least 233 kilobases. Dihydrofolate reductase probes hybridized to distinct locations in five of the thirteen chromosomes in Mtx‐5011‐128 cells, indicating that the amplified DNA probably occurs as tandem direct or inverted repeats.