bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unearthing student teachers’ Physics misconceptions during Work-Integrated Learning
Authors: Mutsvangwa Andrew 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study explored student teachers’ Physics misconceptions during Work-Integrated Learning in high schools in South Africa. The sample in this work comprised eight final-year student teachers pursuing a Bachelor of Education degree and seven Postgraduate Certificate in Education students. An unstructured observation method was utilised to collect data during the lessons that were conducted by the participants. It was observed that a significant number of the participants had some misconceptions about constructs in Physics. Most of the misconceptions were confirmed in Mechanics and Electricity and Magnetism. Some of participants claimed that the misconceptions emanated from prescribed textbooks and equally from their previous studies. A number of suggestions were made to rectify specific misconceptions in the discipline of Physics amongst the student teachers.
The Schrödinger equation for a non-quantized matter field: a theoretical introduction for Physics Education researchers
Authors: Giliberti Marco , Lovisetti Luisa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Usual presentations of Quantum Field Theory (QFT) start by postulating the existence of a classical field that obeys to the wave equation, derived from a conveniently chosen Lagrangian density. But while electromagnetic fields are given a proper physical meaning even before quantization, matter fields acquire it mostly only when quantized. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to give a pedagogical construction that allows us to assign a physical meaning also to non-quantized matter fields. This operation is particularly important since we believe that Quantum Field Theory is more suited than Quantum Mechanics (QM) to introduce quantum physics in secondary schools. The purpose of this paper is to show how to attribute a physical meaning to classical (that means, not yet quantized) matter fields. It is not intended for a high school presentation, but, besides being addressed to those who teach QFT at university, and to teacher educators, it is primarily addressed to researchers in physics education and to all those who work for an educational presentation of quantum physics based on QFT.
Consideration of the nature of science in a modern physics course
Authors: Arbabifar Fatemeh , Nazerdeylamin Somayeh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The current study examined the effect of considering the nature of science in the classroom on the worldview and knowledge of undergraduate students of physics education. It seems that the historical, cultural, and social situation of physics and physicists during the modern physics period, plus some implicit challenges about the philosophy of science help to promote the worldview and physical knowledge of undergraduate students. So, we sought to determine this issue on experimental and control groups of students during the course of modern physics. They were provided with two types of pre-exam and post-exam sheets followed by an interview. The responses to the exams and the interviews of the students were analyzed qualitatively. It was concluded that simply learning modern physics by the control group did not change their beliefs about science considerably while the experimental group show promotion on their worldview and physical knowledge.
Exploring students’ attitudes towards physics and their association with gender
Authors: Catena Danilo , Testa Italo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyse gender differences in the attitudes towards physics in the framework of the Semiotic Cultural Psychological Theory (SCPT). According to this theoretical perspective, attitudes represent how individuals interpret their experience, through the mediation of generalized meaning with which they are identified. A view-of-physics questionnaire was used as instrument to collect data with 1562 (723 females) high school students. Using multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis, we identified four generalized meanings of physics: (a) interesting and important for society; (b) a quite interesting, but badly taught subject at school and not completely useful for society; (c) difficult to study and irrelevant for society; and (d) a fascinating and protective niche from society. The association between gender and the identified cluster was assessed by a chi-square test, which indicates a significant overlap between females and cluster (c).
Using Virtual Reality for Teaching Kinematics
Authors: Kortemeyer G 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Simulations have been used for decades to teach physics concepts. Virtual Reality (VR) opens new avenues: the benefits of acting out physis (embodiment) can be combined with the affordances of a simulated environment. This paper aims to demonstrate how to create physics-education simulations in VR with comparatively small effort beyond 2D-simulations, using the Unity game development environment in connection with consumer-grade VR gear.
Pedagogical beliefs of South African physics teachers for inquiry approaches
Authors: Ramnarain Umesh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study explored the pedagogical beliefs held by South African physics teachers towards inquiry approaches. A significant curriculum goal of school science in most countries is for learning to happen through inquiry. A similar goal is expressed in the South African school science curriculum. The findings of a quantitative survey that was administered to 166 teachers showed that teachers reported having a predominantly constructivist pedagogical belief suggesting a tendency to facilitate students’ construct of knowledge through their experiential learning. To a lesser extent, teachers exhibited a traditionalist belief that is teacher-directed and lends itself to transmission of knowledge. In investigating the relationship between pedagogical beliefs and orientation towards inquiry-based teaching, it was found that teachers who have a constructivist belief favour guided inquiry and open inquiry. Teacher who possess a traditionalist beliefs have a tendency for direct epistemic approaches such as didactic direct or active direct.
Challenges in pre-service physics teachers’ practical training after pandemic restrictions
Authors: Haverlíková V , Horváth P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The paper presents challenges caused by COVID-19 pandemic situation and lockdowns of pre-service teachers’ practical training between March 2020 and May 2021. The standard structure of practical training is introduced and the impact of pandemic restrictions on practical training from pre-service teachers’ and supervising teachers’ views are described. Suggestions for changes in future design of practical training are formulated.
The natural science teacher training program meeting the demands of the new general education curriculum in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen T H , Do H T , Nguyen A T 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The article presents an overview of Vietnam’ Science Teacher Training Program in the socio-cultural context and a detailed introduction of the necessity of the Natural Science Teacher Training Program for lower secondary schools since 2018 meeting the demands of the New General Curriculum. The paper also shows the comparison among the nations’ science teacher education programs in terms of the objectives and domains of knowledge in the training curricula. We based our study on the documentary reviewing method and use a comparative and descriptive approach to classify a common category for these programs and show typical features in each program and highlight those that significantly contribute to curriculum development in Vietnam.
Fast timing detectors for the muon system of a muon collider experiment: requirements from simulation and prototype performance
Authors: Aimè C. , Brunoldi M. , Calzaferri S. , Fiorina D. , Riccardi C. , Salvini P. , Vai I. , Vitulo P. ,   the International Muon Collider collaboration
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Looking at the future path of high-energy physics, a muon collider offers incomparable potential for discovery in the multi-TeV energy range. However, its development must address some relevant technological challenges, which arise from the short muon lifetime, 2.2 μs, and from the difficulty of producing large numbers of muons in groups with small emittance. The first one in particular leads to the production of the so-called Beam-induced Background (BIB), which affects the design of the machine and detector.
The purpose of this contribution is to describe the expected performance of the muon system of a multipurpose muon collider detector designed to reconstruct the products of multi-TeV collisions with extreme accuracy.
We are proposing a design of the muon system fully based on Micropattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD), which foresees the combination of tracking layers based on Triple-GEM detectors, with a timing layer based on a new generation MPGD called Picosec. Picosec was developed in the last few years by the RD51 collaboration, with the aim of obtaining a fast timing (sub ns) MPGD.
A dedicated R&D is ongoing to optimize such a technology for the application in a muon collider experiment, both from the detector and the mechanics point of views.
This contribution will present the results obtained during the R&D of the Picosec technology for the muon collider both from laboratory tests and test beams performed in 2023. Special attention will be given to the performance obtained with different gas mixtures. Moreover, we will discuss the plans for the R&D dedicated to the muon collider.
Dramatic improvement of aerosol pollution status over the East Asian ocean: from the establishment of Japanese environmental quality standard for PM2.5 in 2009 to its achievement in 2021
Authors: Itahashi Syuichi , Uno Itsushi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The severe aerosol pollution in East Asia has been a focus of much research. In Japan, the environmental quality standard (EQS) for PM2.5 was established in 2009 (daily average, 35 μg m−3; annual average, 15 μg m−3), and its achievement rate was below 50% during the early 2010s. Then, the PM2.5 concentration gradually decreased, the achievement rate improved, and the EQS for PM2.5 was finally achieved (100%) in fiscal year (FY) 2021. Because transboundary aerosol pollution is an important factor in Japanese air quality, here we analysed the long-term dataset of the satellite-measured fine-mode aerosol optical depth (AODf) over the East Asian ocean to reveal the changes in the transboundary aerosol over East Asia. Overall, a decrease in AODf was seen over the entire East Asian ocean during the period analysed. A gradual declining trend in AODf was measured (−4% to −5%/year over the adjacent ocean around Japan) and corresponded well to the trend in PM2.5 concentration observed in Japan (−5.3%/year) during FY2010–FY2021. Due to the domestic contribution in Japan, the negative trend was slightly greater for Japanese PM2.5 concentration than for AODf over the adjacent ocean around Japan, and we concluded that the main reason for the dramatic air quality improvement in PM2.5 in Japan was driven by the improvement of transboundary aerosol pollution over East Asia. In addition, the 12 year analysis period (FY2010 to FY2021) was divided into three parts: stagnation (FY2010 to FY2014), in which PM2.5 and AODf remained the same as they were in FY2010; improvement (FY2015 to FY2018), in which PM2.5 and AODf declined dramatically; and achievement (FY2019 to FY2021), in which PM2.5 and AODf declined further.
Disaster risk assessment based on the community’s vulnerability, capacity, and responses in facing an earthquake in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Hanjarwati A , Wardhana I W , Komalawati  
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bantul is one of the regencies in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) that are prone to earthquakes. In 2006, Yogyakarta was hit by a tectonic earthquake with a magnitude of 5.9 on the Richter scale, resulting in a death toll of 6,234 people, with 1,754 severely injured (e.g., spinal injuries) and in need of paraplegia rehabilitation. The high number of casualties indicates a high disaster risk, which means high disaster vulnerability and low disaster management capacity. The research aims to assess disaster risks based on the community’s vulnerability and capacity in facing the 2006 earthquake disaster in DIY. This study uses a mixed method, consisting of a survey with 44 disaster victims suffering from injuries that result in disabilities (paraplegia) and in-depth interviews with ten family members of the victims. The results show that disaster vulnerability will likely result in a physical risk, i.e., disaster injuries that leave the victims with paraplegia. Such vulnerability is caused by the community’s low capacity and poor response to disasters, including the 2006 earthquake. Another physical risk is the collapsing houses, which lead to economic risk as the community suffers losses of between 30 and 91 million rupiah. Meanwhile, the social risk is a change in the status of the victims from people without disabilities to people with disabilities. That said, social relations increase because the disaster victims with paraplegia have become active members of an organization.
A reduced complexity rate-matching and channel interleaver/de-interleaver for 5G NR
Authors: J L Lakshmi , Jayakumari J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Rate matching and channel interleavers play a pivotal role in code rate adaptation and minimizing burst errors in communication systems. The data and control channels in the Fifth generation (5G) New Radio (NR) employs distinct channel interleavers/de-interleavers for reducing bit error rate. However, the independent implementation results in a substantial increase in silicon cost. To address this challenge, hardware sharing is pivotal for optimizing resource utilization and improving overall system performance. This study introduces a rate-matching architecture and a simple algorithm for the creation of a new Shared-Resource Channel interleaver/De-interleaver (SRC) architecture. The proposed work ensures low complexity tailored for both data and control channels within the 5G NR framework by incorporating the hardware sharing technique. The proposed SRC architecture, synthesized on the Virtex-7 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), showcases noteworthy advancements over existing 5G NR interleaver architecture, achieving a notable 23% reduction in resource utilization. Through implementation using the Qflow Compiler in 45 nm CMOS technology, the ASIC synthesis of the proposed design demonstrates a substantial decrease in hardware complexity and area by 44.6% and 43%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed architecture exhibits a 19.2% reduction in power consumption compared to its existing counterpart in 5G NR. The proposed integrated design demonstrates a remarkable resource efficiency by occupying nearly half the resources compared to individual implementations.
Generalization of graph-based active learning relaxation strategies across materials
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiao , Musielewicz Joseph , Tran Richard , Kumar Ethirajan Sudheesh , Fu Xiaoyan , Mera Hilda , Kitchin John R , Kurchin Rachel C , Ulissi Zachary W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Although density functional theory (DFT) has aided in accelerating the discovery of new materials, such calculations are computationally expensive, especially for high-throughput efforts. This has prompted an explosion in exploration of machine learning (ML) assisted techniques to improve the computational efficiency of DFT. In this study, we present a comprehensive investigation of the broader application of Finetuna, an active learning framework to accelerate structural relaxation in DFT with prior information from Open Catalyst Project pretrained graph neural networks. We explore the challenges associated with out-of-domain systems: alcohol (

C

>
2

) on metal surfaces as larger adsorbates, metal oxides with spin polarization, and three-dimensional (3D) structures like zeolites and metal organic frameworks. By pre-training ML models on large datasets and fine-tuning the model along the simulation, we demonstrate the framework’s ability to conduct relaxations with fewer DFT calculations. Depending on the similarity of the test systems to the training systems, a more conservative querying strategy is applied. Our best-performing Finetuna strategy reduces the number of DFT single-point calculations by 80% for alcohols and 3D structures, and 42% for oxide systems.
Fatigue and Mood in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients: Results of a Momentary Assessment Protocol Examining Fatigue and Mood Levels and Diurnal Patterns
Authors: Stone Arthur A. , Broderick Joan E. , Porter Laura S. , Krupp Laurie , Gnys Maryann , Paty Jean A. , Shiffman Saul 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Examined the overall levels and the diurnal patterns of fatigue, mood, and activities in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients using computer-prompted assessments at random points throughout many days. We hypothesized that levels of fatigue and mood would be different in the groups and that diurnal patterns would also differ by group. Momentary assessment methods avoid many potential biases inherent in retrospective recall techniques. Eight CFS patients and 21 community-dwelling control subjects were randomly prompted between five and six times per day and responded to questions about fatigue, positive affect, negative affect, and the activities they were engaged in at the moment of the prompt. CFS patients participated for 26 days and control subjects participated for 15 days. Compared to the control group, levels of fatigue were higher in the CFS group, yet there were no differences in overall level of positive or negative affect. Strong diurnal patterns of affect were observed for fatigue measures indicating that it was higher in the morning and evening. Diurnal patterns were also observed for mood: Positive affect increased over the day and negative affect decreased. There was very modest support for differential diurnal patterns by group; the effect was only evident for one of the positive affect adjectives. Finally, these results were not diminished when the activities subjects were engaged in at the time of the assessments were controlled.
Theoretical Models for Predicting and Improving Compliance with Breast Cancer Screening
Authors: Curry Susan J. , Emmons Karen M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Theoretical models for predicting and improving compliance with breast cancer screening are important both for taking stock of the existing literature and for designing new efforts to understand and improve compliance with breast cancer screening recommendations. In the past decade, the majority of research studies on compliance with breast cancer screening based neither their research design nor the interpretation of their findings on an articulated conceptual framework. The limited pool of theory-based research has focused primarily on predicting compliance with breast cancer screening. This article describes the application of the Health Belief Model, Theory of Reasoned Action, Transtheoretical Model, and Prospect Theory to breast cancer screening. Although each model provides insights to factors that are necessary to predict and improve participation in breast cancer screening, no one theoretical model is sufficient. Heuristic frameworks that facilitate integration of constructs from different theoretical models are also presented. Methodological issues to be addressed by the field include development of standardized, well-validated measures to evaluate key theoretical constructs and expanding research into samples of women that represent a broader segment of the population, particularly older women who do not have ready access to the health care system. At the conceptual level, fewer main effect and more studies that examine interactions among constructs from different theoretical models are needed.
Parenteral nutrition in the hospital setting/short-term parenteral nutrition
Authors: Cogle Sarah V , Ayers Phil , Berger Mette M , Berlana David , Wischmeyer Paul E , Ybarra Joe , Zeraschi Sarah , De Cloet Joeri 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This article is based on presentations and discussions held at the International Safety and Quality of Parenteral Nutrition (PN) Summit concerning the acute care setting. Some European practices presented in this article do not conform with USP general chapter &lt;797&gt; requirements. Nevertheless, the purpose is to cover the challenges experienced in delivering high-quality PN within hospitals in the United States and Europe, in order to share best practices and experiences more widely.

Summary
Core issues regarding the PN process within an acute care setting are largely the same everywhere: There are ongoing pressures for greater efficiency, optimization, and also concurrent commitments to make PN safer for patients. Within Europe, in recent years, the use of market-authorized multi-chamber bags (MCBs) has increased greatly, mainly for safety, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency purposes. However, in the US, hospitals with low PN volumes may face particular challenges, as automated compounding equipment is often unaffordable in this setting and the variety of available MCBs is limited. This can result in the need to operate several PN systems in parallel, adding to the complexity of the PN use process. Ongoing PN quality and safety initiatives from US institutions with various PN volumes are presented. In the future, the availability of a greater selection of MCBs in the US may increase, leading to a reduction in dependence on compounded PN, as has been seen in many European countries.

Conclusion
The examples presented may encourage improvements in the safety and quality of PN within the acute care setting worldwide.
The crude extract obtained from Cinnamomum macrostemon Hayata regulates oxidative stress and mitophagy in keratinocytes
Authors: Su Yung-Shun , Cheng Ming-Jen , Kwan Aij-Lie , Huang Shu-Ping , Tyan Yu-Chang , Chai Chee-Yin , Huang Bin 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Four ethanol fractionated crude extracts (EFCEs [A-D]) purified from the leaves of Cinnamomum macrostemon Hayata were screened for antioxidative effects and mitochondrial function in HaCaT cells. The higher cell viability indicated that EFCE C was mildly toxic. Under the treatment of 50 ng/mL EFCE C, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels were reduced as well as the H2O2-impaired cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP production, and mitochondrial mass. The conversion of globular mitochondria to tubular mitochondria is coincident with EFCE C-restored mitochondrial function. The mitophagy activator rapamycin showed similar effects to EFCE C in recovering the H2O2-impaired cell viability, MMP, ATP production, mitochondrial mass, and also mitophagic proteins such as PINK1, Parkin, LC3 II, and biogenesis protein PGC-1α. We thereby propose the application of EFCE C in the prevention of oxidative stress in skin cells.