bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Titanium Acts on Osteoblast Translational Process
Authors: Palmieri Annalisa , Pezzetti Furio , Avantaggiato Anna , Muzio Lorenzo Lo , Scarano Antonio , Rubini Corrado , Guerzoni Laura , Arlotti Marzia , Ventorre Dario , Carinci Francesco 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Titanium is a highly biocompatible material and very osteogenic in vivo. However, how titanium regulates osteoblast activity to promote bone formation is incompletely characterized. We, therefore, attempted to get more information by using microRNA (miRNA) microarray techniques to investigate translation regulation in osteoblasts grown on titanium disks. The miRNA oligonucleotide microarray provides a novel method to carry out genome-wide miRNA profiling in human samples. By using miRNA microarrays containing 329 probes designed from the human miRNA sequence, several miRNA were identified in osteoblast-like cell line (MG 63) grown on titanium disks. There were 13 up-regulated miRNAs (ie, mir-23a, mir-222, mir-523, mir-22, mir-23b, mir-143, mir-377, mir-24, mir-422b, mir-26a, mir-29a, mir-17–5p, mir-182) and 2 down-regulated miRNAs (ie, mir-187, mir-339). The data reported are, to our knowledge, the first study on translation regulation in osteoblasts exposed to titanium. The data can be relevant to understand better the molecular mechanism of osteoblast activation and as a model for comparing other materials with similar clinical effects.
Soft Tissue Preservation and Crestal Bone Loss Around Single-Tooth Implants
Authors: Sunitha V Raja , Ramakrishnan T. , Kumar S Sunil , Emmadi Pamela 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Maintenance of interdental soft tissue and the need for esthetics are being increasingly recognized as important criteria for implant success. Statistically significant correlations have been found between the incidence of implant failure and vertical bone loss adjacent to implants. Thus, it is widely recognized that peri-implant bone resorption before loading may compromise implant success. This study aims to evaluate the effect of flap elevation on peri-implant bone loss during the healing period. Twenty sites around 10 implants were included in the study, and the effect of 2 different flap designs on the crestal height of bone was evaluated. The results of the study have shown that flap elevation can lead to increased bone loss during the healing period, with statistically significant results up to the 90-day period.
The Role of Nitric Oxide on the Proliferation of a Human Osteoblast Cell Line Stimulated With Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Sosroseno Wihaskoro , Sugiatno Erwan , Samsudin Abdul Rani , Ibrahim Mohd Fikri 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the proliferation of a human osteoblast cell line (HOS cells) stimulated with hydroxyapatite (HA) may be regulated by nitric oxide (NO). The cells were cultured on the surface of HA. Medium or cells alone were used as controls. L-arginine, D-arginine, 7-NI (an nNOS inhibitor), L-NIL (an iNOS inhibitor), L-NIO (an eNOS inhibitor) or carboxy PTIO, a NO scavenger, was added in the HA-exposed cell cultures. The cells were also precoated with anti-human integrin αV antibody. The levels of nitrite were determined spectrophotometrically. Cell proliferation was assessed by colorimetric assay. The results showed increased nitrite production and cell proliferation by HA-stimulated HOS cells up to day 3 of cultures. Anti-integrin αV antibody, L-NIO, or carboxy PTIO suppressed, but L-arginine enhanced, nitrite production and cell proliferation of HA-stimulated HOS cells. The results of the present study suggest, therefore, that interaction between HA and HOS cell surface integrin αV molecule may activate eNOS to catalyze NO production which, in turn, may regulate the cell proliferation in an autocrine fashion.
Screwless Fixed Detachable Partial Overdenture Treatment for Atrophic Partial Edentulism of the Anterior Maxilla
Authors: Flanagan Dennis 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
This is a case report of the restoration of a partially edentulous atrophic anterior maxilla and atrophic mandibular posterior ridges. This case report demonstrates one method for successful treatment of partial edentulism at No. 7 to 10, where interlock attachments on natural cuspids and mini dental implants support an acrylic-based screwless fixed detachable partial denture to provide lip support and masticatory function in the anterior maxilla. The presenting qualities of this case were similar to combination syndrome.
Management Perspectives on Coaster Brook Trout Rehabilitation in the Lake Superior Basin
Authors: Schreiner Donald R. , Cullis Ken I. , Donofrio Michael C. , Fischer Gregory J. , Hewitt Laura , Mumford Karen G. , Pratt Dennis M. , Quinlan Henry R. , Scott Steven J. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Coaster brook trout are a migratory form of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis that spend part of their lives in the Great Lakes. Over the last century the abundance of coaster brook trout in Lake Superior has declined dramatically, and only remnant stocks remain. Recently, the rehabilitation of coaster brook trout in Lake Superior has become a goal of fish management agencies. The specific goal agreed upon by all of the agencies involved is to maintain widely distributed, self-sustaining populations in as many of the historical habitats as practical. We discuss realistic expectations for rehabilitation and emphasize the need for management agencies, academia, and angling organizations to work cooperatively. We first present a brief history of coaster brook trout in Lake Superior, then discuss habitat requirements and protection, the regulations required for rehabilitation, stocking, species interactions, and the role that human dimensions play in rehabilitation. The management issues that must be addressed are implementation of a basinwide survey to identify remnant stocks and critical habitat, restrictive harvest regulations, watershed rehabilitation, critical biological review, and the formulation of expectations before experimental stocking programs are initiated, along with coordinated, basinwide information sharing and cooperative management among agencies similar to that undertaken during the rehabilitation of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Superior. Future research needs include basic coaster biology and life history, habitat use in streams and the lake, interaction with other species in the Lake Superior fish community, and interaction between stream-resident and coaster brook trout. Successful rehabilitation will require a shift from a harvest fishery to one with minimal or no harvest of coaster brook trout in the Lake Superior basin. Coaster brook trout rehabilitation will take time and will proceed at different rates at different locations, depending on the presence of remnant stocks, quality of habitat, angling pressure, and political will.
Brook Trout Declines with Land Cover and Temperature Changes in Maryland
Authors: Stranko Scott A. , Hilderbrand Robert H. , Morgan Raymond P. , Staley Mark W. , Becker Andrew J. , Roseberry-Lincoln Ann , Perry Elgin S. , Jacobson Paul T. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
We examined the influence of landscape alteration and in situ stream habitat variables on brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis by using a landscape-scale, space-for-time substitution analysis and a smaller data set that tracked long-term changes in land use over time. Forested land cover within a catchment was the overall best landscape-scale predictor of brook trout occurrence at a given site; measures of impervious land cover and urbanization were also important predictors. Brook trout were almost never found in watersheds where impervious land cover exceeded 4%, as assessed from the 2001 National Land Cover Dataset (2001 NLCD); the single exception was in a stream that displayed consistently low water temperatures. Landscape-scale analyses indicated that increases in water temperature and erosion were associated with increasing percentages of urbanization and imperviousness and decreasing percentage of forested land cover. Three of six brook trout populations that were followed over time were extirpated within the last 15 years (between 1990 and 2005), coinciding with increases in urbanization and impervious land cover. At these sites, water temperatures were substantially greater than at the three sites with extant brook trout. Land use amounts derived from high-resolution aerial photography showed substantially greater amounts of urbanization and particularly impervious land cover than did amounts derived from the 2001 NLCD. The differences in measured land cover between imagery types warrant caution when stating upper threshold limits of land cover, because use of imagery methods interchangeably may produce inconsistent results. Our findings suggest that brook trout are very sensitive to landscape alterations in Maryland and disappear at low levels of impervious land cover regardless of the specific mechanism involved.
Evaluation of Predicted Fish Distribution Models for Rare Fish Species in South Dakota
Authors: Hayer Cari-Ann , Wall Steven S. , Berry Charles R. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Predictive fish distribution models have utility in planning conservation measures for rare fish species. However, species rarity creates sampling and modeling difficulties that require an understanding of model accuracy. We evaluated existing distribution models for 10 rare fishes based on 2,026 community fish samples and associated riverine habitat. Our fieldwork provided an independent fish species inventory for 143 sample sites. This inventory was used to quantify species detectability for use as a weighting factor with which to correct false-negative modeling errors. Presence/absence data were compared with predictions to evaluate model accuracy as determined by Cohen's kappa and correct classification rates. Detection probabilities were generally small but ranged from 0 to 0.68. The models predicted species occurrence with relatively high success (average kappa = 45.6% and average correct classification rate = 74.1%). The habitat variables for predicting species occurrence varied among species; however, stream size and streamflow were the most influential. All distribution models had adequate predictive abilities and improved our understanding of fish distributions and the factors determining those distributions. Model accuracy statistics can provide managers with a measure of confidence when they are directing conservation activities.
38.4L: Late‐News Paper: A New Vertical Alignment Mode for TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Kim Heesub , Hong Sung‐Kyu , Kim Jonglae , Lee Baek‐Woon , Yang Young‐Chol , Kim Sang Il , Chai Chong‐Chul , Shin Kyoung‐Ju , Jang Hyeon‐Yong , Sakong Dongsik , Chung Kyuha , Lee Kunjong , Souk Jun‐Hyung 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA simple and cost‐effective vertical alignment mode, named Smart Viewing Angle(SVA) mode, for active‐matrix (AM) LCDs was developed where all the domain dividers are fabricated only on the TFT substrate side. The crucial component is the director control electrode (DCE) under the openings of the pixel electrode. The DCE maintains higher voltage than that of the pixel electrode via additional TFTs, which distorts the electric field in such a way that stable domain division is accomplished. Compared to the conventional VA modes where the additional process is required, SVA mode can achieve the wide viewing angle without any additional processes.
The Snaking Wells In Champion West, Offshore Brunei. Best Practices for ERD Well Construction
Authors: Bacarreza L. , Hornabrook C. , Khoo Chong Chuan , Nevøy Harald , Japar Nor-Janiah 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
The Champion West field was discovered in 1975 and named Champion West in 1990. The field is located in the North of the Brunei Offshore sector.
Phase 3 of this project, is the latest development with 20 wells (oil & gas). These Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) wells, are designed as "snake" wells penetrating the reservoir several times, in order to create multiple drainage points snake well develop oil rim reservoirs. All the wells are of different horizontal lengths, as can be seen in Figure 1 and 2.
The objective of this paper, is to present the learning and best practices gained after drilling 5 of these snake oil wells, during Champion West phase 3a. Best practices refers to those developed during the project, that have resulted in: reduction of costs, by reducing trouble time (Non Productive Time)reduction bit off-bottom circulation timesincrease of bit on-bottom timeimproved ability to clean the hole, resulting in trouble-free tripstrouble free casing runsthe deepest SMART completion in the world
The 350 days campaign was delivered 49 days earlier than planned and below budget. Total cumulative drilling length was of 34 km. This performance allowed the Well Construction team, to achieve the Shell Global EP, Rig of the Fleet award, twice in 3 years.
Building Indonesia's Largest Rig-Sharing Consortium
Authors: Pirie D. , Pace F. W. , Brelih D. A. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
In these days of frantic drilling activity, a worldwide shortage of rigs is developing quickly, especially in deepwater areas. This makes it challenging for operators to meet their targets for exploration wells. It was with this background that six PSC contractors undertook to create and manage Indonesia's largest rig sharing consortium to date, namely the Makassar Strait Explorers Consortium (MSEC). Following the signing of the Rig Sharing Agreement, Marathon International Petroleum Indonesia Limited (MIPIL), a subsidiary of Marathon Oil Company, took on the role of Lead Operator for the consortium.
The six contractors will have deepwater prospects off Indonesia ready to drill by 2009/2010, each contractor requiring one to three wells in the initial evaluation phase. With the limited number of units capable of drilling these wells, it quickly became obvious that partnering with others would be essential to entice a drilling contractor to bring a rig to the area. As the companies prepared their individual AFE's, they quickly realized that collaboration would also serve to lower each company's expenditures by sharing services and other common costs (mob/de-mob, etc.). Creating a consortium should also allow for sharing of best practices amongst the members, and enhance drilling efficiencies through maintaining rig crew continuity. Additionally, once a rig is in the area, it may prove quite lucrative for it to stay and drill additional exploration wells or delineation programs which may arise in Indonesia.
This consortium is still in its infancy, and we are constantly presented with opportunities to improve communication and efficiency. Balancing the various drivers and priorities of the individual consortium members is not without its challenges; yet keeping the common goal in the forefront of all discussions will ensure an advantageous outcome for all.
The Application Of A Mechanical Earth Model On Rejuvenation Of A Mature Field In Libya
Authors: Qiu Kaibin , Gherryo Yousef , Shatwan Mohamed , Fuller John 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
AGOCO is facing tremendous challenges to maintain the production of the mature giant Messla field. Water breakthrough, well shut-in due to sanding and reservoir depletion are among the problems causing a decline in the production. In order to maintain production, or even improve it in the near future, new technology and methodology are required to address the current challenges. Geomechanics, through a full characterization of mechanical properties and state of in-situ stresses of the reservoir and overburden formations, plays an essential role in achieving these objectives. This geomechanical knowledge forms a mechanical earth model (MEM) of the field that will enable appropriate technology to be deployed in the field.
To this end, a MEM was constructed by following an integrated process that includes data auditing, geomechanics laboratory testing, determination of mechanical properties and geostresses, and calibration and validation of the model.
The MEM was subsequently applied to improve drilling, production and reservoir management of the field. Sanding prediction was carried out to determine sanding risks in the field and based on the outcome of sanding prediction, sandface completions were optimized to not only minimise the sanding risk but also improve production. Wellbore stability analysis on underbalanced drilling and horizontal drilling was conducted to minimize potential risk to applying the technology to develop the depleted field. And under the guidance of the model, optimization of hydraulic fractures was carried out to help to achieve ultimate goal for maximizing the value of the asset and the investment in drilling and completion of the field.
Matching Technique of Enhancing Drilling Rate Safely in Tight Area of Chang Lu in Dagang Oilfield
Authors: Wang Meishan 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Changlu Oilfield in Dagang is HPHT trouble area, complicated formation condition, deep reservoir depth, multipressure layer system, high and low pressure formation lying together, complex lithologic character, small tectonic trap, easily occurring well collision, serious drift formation direction. It is in beach salt field area, so the wells in this oilfield belong to high pressure, high sulfur content and being in high hazard area. Due to the above mentioned difficulties, results in drilling operation in danger, low rate of penetration (ROP), long drilling period, which restrict development speed in this area, the key problems to be resolved are that how to decline drilling hazard, enhance ROP and control development costs. Aimed at the problems, it is on the base of safely drilling, optimizing drilling design and implementing advance drilling technology, especially in the block, popularized and applied navigation drilling system(NDS) and MWD, as well as in the light of geologic characteristic, optimized special screw drill and PDC bit, improved development speed, compared with finished well in the same block, general enhancing ROP reached 60%, ROP improved 75%, monthly drilling rate enhanced 26%, drilling period reduced 24%, occurrence rate of complicated accident was only 0.35%, the effect of enhancing drilling rate in safety condition is better.
Changlu Oilfield in dagang was put in exploration in 1992, and brought into production in 1995, due to complicated geologic condition, frequently occurred drilling accidents, oil production costs per ton affected the rate of new wells development. In 2003, it was placed on the management of non-producing tight block, and tried to the new method to implement oil development.
The How's and Why's of Probabilistic Well Cost Estimation
Authors: Løberg T. , Arild Ø. , Merlo A. , D'Alesio P. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Along with technical preparations before drilling a well, cost estimation is one of the central activities leading up to an AFE (Authorization for Expenditure) approval. Traditionally, a single well cost estimate has been provided. However, in recent years a probabilistic well cost estimate, or at least an understanding of the potential well cost range, is required as a part of the internal procedures of the E&P companies.
In order to introduce and strengthen the application of probabilistic well cost estimation, a tool and methodology has been developed for use in Eni E&P drilling departments.The challenges encountered during the development of the methodology were to lower the threshold for drilling engineers to perform probabilistic well cost estimation and to systematize the corresponding workflow such that: assessment of risks and uncertainties are made simple and transparentalternative well designs can be compared in terms of cost uncertaintiesthe major risk drivers are understoodthe results can easily be communicated to other parts of the organization
This paper aims at strengthening the argumentation for using probabilistic well cost estimation, give a brief overview of the underlying mathematics, present the full workflow as performed by a drilling engineer using the tool and give several examples of how the tool can be applied and communicated in a decision making setting. A case study is presented in order to illuminate the above points.
A New Fracture Model that includes Load History, Temperature and Poissons Effects
Authors: Aadnoy Bernt S. , Belayneh Mesfin 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
The fracture equation used in the oil industry is derived from the Kirsch equation for the hoop stress. Due to its simplicity it is almost exclusively used for prediction of fracture initiation pressures. However, it is not useful for analysis of load history.
An analytic study was undertaken to model load history leading to fracturing of the borehole. To use the model initial conditions must be established, given by the virgin in-situ stress state and the pore pressure, followed by the load history and the temperature history. Imposing a volumetric strain balance a new fracturing equation is developed. Because the borehole is loaded in the radial direction, causing tension in the tangential direction, a Poissons effect arises. In addition, the general solution includes effects of temperature history.
Example cases will show the improvement with the new model. The first case compares the new load-history fracture model with the Kirsch solution. The Poissons scaling factor in the new solution leads to a higher fracture pressure than the conventional solution. This may explain some of the discrepancy between models and field data. The second case investigates the thermal effects by comparing the fracture pressure for the drilling phase with a hot production phase and a cold water injection phase.
It is believed that by including the pressure and temperature load history, a better assessment of the fracture strength is obtained, leading to better predictions.
Pinch Point Awareness: An Application of Hearts and Minds in Rig Site of Middle East Desert
Authors: Nengkoda Ardian , Walsh John , Nasution Ihsan , Klymovets Alexander 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Safety is a top foundation of world-class drilling and well operations performance. Working safely is a condition of employment for everyone who works in specific rig both offshore and onshore. Every year, workers suffer approximately 150,000 caught or crushed by injuries that occur when body parts get caught between two objects or entangled with machinery. These hazards are also referred to as "pinch points." The physical forces applied to a body part caught in a pinch point can vary and cause injuries ranging from bruises, cuts, and scalping to mangled and amputated body parts, and even death. The best way to get people motivated is to let them do what they want to do, and in a true HSE culture you will have achieved this goal. The core of "Hearts and Minds" is having everyone interested in success, not just one or two individuals with their own private agenda. Too many initiatives have failed because the "Hearts and Minds" had not been won, no matter how worthy the original proposal may have been.