bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and microbiological benefits of systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin in the treatment of smokers with chronic periodontitis: a randomized placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Matarazzo Flavia , Figueiredo Luciene Cristina , Cruz Sergio Eduardo Braga , Faveri Marcelo , Feres Magda 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) alone or combined with metronidazole (MTZ) or with MTZ and amoxicillin (AMX) in the treatment of smokers with chronic periodontitis.Methods: A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 43 subjects who received SRP alone (n=15) or combined with MTZ (400 mg 3 × per day, n=14) or with MTZ+AMX (500 mg 3 × per day, n=14) for 14 days. Clinical and microbiological examinations were performed at baseline and 3 months post‐therapy. Subgingival samples were analysed by checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization.Results: Subjects receiving MTZ+AMX showed the greatest improvements in mean probing depth and clinical attachment level. Both antibiotic therapies led to additional clinical benefits over SRP alone in initially shallow, intermediate, and deep sites. The SRP+MTZ+AMX therapy led to the most beneficial changes in the subgingival microbial profile. These subjects showed significant reductions in the mean counts and proportions of periodontal pathogens such as Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola, and the greatest increase in proportions of host‐compatible species.Conclusion: Significant advantages are observed when systemic antibiotics are combined with SRP in the treatment of smokers with chronic periodontitis. The greatest benefits in clinical and microbiological parameters are achieved with the use of SRP+MTZ+AMX.
Herpes viruses in periodontal compromised sites: comparison between HIV‐positive and ‐negative patients
Authors: Grande Sabrina Rosa , Imbronito Ana Vitória , Okuda Osmar Shizuo , Lotufo Roberto Fraga Moreira , Magalhães Marina Helena Gallottini , Nunes Fabio Daumas 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAim: The objective of this study was to compare the frequency of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in subgingival plaque, saliva and peripheral blood of HIV‐positive and‐negative patients with periodontal disease.Material and Methods: Fifty HIV‐positive subjects (23 with gingivitis, 27 with periodontitis) and 50 healthy HIV‐negative patients with chronic periodontitis were included in the study. Parameters of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index and plaque index were recorded. The samples were processed for viral identification by the nested polymerase chain reaction technique.Results: HCMV was the most prevalent virus in HIV‐positive (82%) and‐negative patients (84%), and the detection in the three samples was similar (p>0.05). HSV‐1 was the least prevalent virus in both groups, being detected in similar frequencies in oral sites and in peripheral blood. EBV‐1 was found more frequently in saliva and subgingival plaque of HIV‐positive patients than in HIV‐negative patients (p0.05).Conclusions: EBV‐1 was more frequently recovered in oral sites of HIV‐positive patients than in HIV‐negative patients.
Alveolar ridge augmentation using implants coated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (rhBMP‐7/rhOP‐1): radiographic observations
Authors: Leknes Knut N. , Yang Jie , Qahash Mohammed , Polimeni Giuseppe , Susin Cristiano , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAim: The objective of this study was to radiographically evaluate the potential of a purpose‐designed titanium porous‐oxide implant surface coated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (rhBMP‐7), also known as recombinant human osteogenic protein‐1 (rhOP‐1), to stimulate alveolar ridge augmentation.Material and Methods: Six young‐adult Hound Labrador mongrel dogs were used. Three 10 mm titanium oral implants per jaw quadrant were placed 5 mm into the alveolar ridge in the posterior mandible following surgical extraction of the pre‐molar teeth and reduction of the alveolar ridge leaving 5 mm of the implants in a supra‐alveolar position. The implants had been coated with rhBMP‐7 at 1.5 or 3.0 mg/ml and were randomized to contralateral jaw quadrants using a split‐mouth design. The mucoperiosteal flaps were advanced, adapted, and sutured to submerge the implants. Radiographic registrations were made immediately post‐surgery (baseline), and at weeks 4 and 8 (end of study).Results: rhBMP‐7‐coated implants exhibited robust radiographic bone formation. At 8 weeks, bone formation averaged 4.4 and 4.2 mm for implants coated with rhBMP‐7 at 1.5 and 3.0 mg/ml, respectively. There were no significant differences between the rhBMP‐7 concentrations at any observation interval. A majority of the implant sites showed voids within the newly formed bone at week 4 that generally resolved by week 8. The newly formed bone assumed characteristics of the resident bone.Conclusions: The titanium porous‐oxide implant surface serves as an effective carrier for rhBMP‐7 showing a clinically significant potential to stimulate local bone formation.
Saliva concentrations of RANKL and osteoprotegerin in smoker versus non‐smoker chronic periodontitis patients
Authors: Buduneli Nurcan , Bıyıkoğlu Başak , Sherrabeh Sakhr , Lappin David F. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectives: To compare the salivary receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) concentrations in smokers versus non‐smokers with chronic periodontitis.Material and Methods: Whole saliva samples were obtained from 67 untreated chronic periodontitis patients, of whom 34 were smokers, and from 44 maintenance patients, of whom 22 were smokers. Full‐mouth clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. Saliva cotinine, sRANKL and OPG concentrations were determined by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test, Bonferroni's correction for multiple comparisons and Spearman's correlations.Results: Untreated smokers exhibited significantly higher values of clinical periodontal recordings than untreated non‐smokers (all p<0.05). Salivary cotinine level correlated with clinical attachment level (p=0.023). Smoker versus non‐smoker maintenance groups showed no significant differences in clinical parameters. There were significant differences in sRANKL and OPG concentrations between untreated and maintenance groups (all p<0.01). Salivary OPG concentration was significantly lower (all p<0.01) and the sRANKL/OPG ratio was higher (all p<0.01) in smokers than in non‐smokers. OPG concentration correlated positively with probing depth, clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing (all p<0.005) and negatively with pack‐year, and cotinine level (p<0.05).Conclusion: Salivary RANKL and OPG concentrations are suggested to be affected by smoking as not only the untreated but also the treated smokers exhibited higher RANKL and lower OPG concentrations than non‐smokers.
Raised chondroitin sulphate WF6 epitope levels in gingival crevicular fluid in chronic periodontitis
Authors: Khongkhunthian Sakornrat , Srimueang Napachakorn , Krisanaprakornkit Suttichai , Pattanaporn Komkham , Ong‐chai Siriwan , Kongtawelert Prachya 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAim: To determine the levels of chondroitin sulphate (CS) WF6 epitope, recognized by WF6 monoclonal antibody, in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from different stages of periodontal disease and healthy periodontium, and to correlate those levels with clinical parameters.Material and Methods: GCF samples, collected from 389 sites, were analysed for the WF6 epitope levels by the competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: The median WF6 epitope level was significantly higher in chronic periodontitis sites (n=185) than in healthy and gingivitis sites (n=204) (p<0.001), whereas the median levels did not significantly differ between healthy (n=65) and gingivitis sites (n=139). The median level in severe periodontitis sites (n=60) was significantly higher than that in moderate periodontitis sites (n=63) (p=0.019). Similarly, the median level in moderate periodontitis sites was significantly higher than that in slight periodontitis sites (n=62) (p=0.001). The WF6 epitope levels significantly correlated with probing depth (r=0.777, p=0.001) and loss of clinical attachment level (r=0.814, p=0.001).Conclusion: Elevated CS WF6 epitope levels in GCF are associated with severity of periodontitis. The WF6 antibody may therefore be clinically applied to monitor disease severity and progression.
Lavender oil lacks natural protection against autoxidation, forming strong contact allergens on air exposure
Authors: Hagvall Lina , Sköld Maria , Bråred‐Christensson Johanna , Börje Anna , Karlberg Ann‐Therese 
Published: August 2008

Background:  Lavender oil is an essential oil frequently used as a fragrance ingredient and in traditional herbal medicine. We have previously studied the effect of air oxidation on the skin sensitizing potency of the monoterpenes linalyl acetate, linalool and β‐caryophyllene, the main constituents of lavender oil.Objective:  The aim of this study was to investigate if the autoxidation observed for the single synthetic terpenes, resulting in strong contact allergens, will take place also in lavender oil.Methods:  Lavender oil was exposed to air and the autoxidation was followed by chemical analysis. The sensitizing potency before and after air exposure was investigated in mice using the local lymph node assay. Patients with patch test reactions to oxidized linalool were tested to investigate if air‐exposed lavender oil could elicit dermatitis in these individuals.Results:  The terpenes oxidized in air‐exposed lavender oil at the same rates as the pure compounds exposed to air, and the same oxidation products were identified. The sensitizing potency of lavender oil increased accordingly on air exposure. Patch testing showed positive reactions to air‐exposed lavender oil and also to oxidized linalyl acetate in patients with contact allergy to oxidized linalool.Conclusion:  This study shows that lavender oil lacks natural protection against autoxidation, and that air‐exposed lavender oil can be an important source of exposure to allergenic hydroperoxides.
Dermal sheet preparations in the evaluation of dermal innervation in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy
Authors: Novak Peter , Marya Neil B. , Whren Kara , Bhawan Jag 
Published: August 2008

Background:  Evaluation of dermal nerve fibers in conventional vertical sections is difficult because of the small number of fibers available for examination. In this study, we evaluated dermal sheet mounts for fibers in which the majority of fibers can be visualized.Methods:  We compared the dermal small fiber density in six Parkinson’s disease (PD) and six multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients using dermal sheet preparations (DSP). DSP are based on epidermal‐dermal separations and immunostaining of the entire dermis by the nerve growth factor receptor p75 antibody that stains both autonomic and sensory fibers.Results:  The small fiber density was reduced in PD compared with MSA (p < 0.0001), suggesting the presence of small fiber neuropathy in PD.Conclusions:  DSP offer a unique method of evaluation of dermal nerve fibers. This method can be used to evaluate small nerve fibers in many neurological disorders such as MSA and PD.
Gene expression profiling of porokeratosis
Authors: Zhang Zheng‐Hua , Wang Zhi‐Min , Crosby Meredith E. , Wang Hai‐Feng , Xiang Lei‐Hong , Luan Jing , Gu Chao‐Ying , Zhou Jun , Niu Zhen‐Min , Fang Xu , Huang Wei , Zheng Zhi‐Zhong 
Published: August 2008

Background:  Porokeratosis (PK) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders of keratinization and has a wide variety of clinical manifestations. PK may exhibit similarities with psoriasis at both clinical and molecular levels. The genetic basis and pathogenesis for PK remain elusive.Methods:  We studied the transcriptional profiles of three pairwise lesional and uninvolved skin biopsies from patients with different subtypes of PK using the Illumina® BeadArray™ platform.Results:  A total of 37 upregulated genes were identified in our study, including wound‐induced keratins, S100 calcium‐binding protein genes involved in epidermal differentiation, as well as genes involved in mediating intercellular communication and the immune response. To our knowledge, this is the first study that characterizes the immune profile of PK lesions.Conclusions:  Here, we report that keratinocytes (KCs)‐harboring lesions have activated and overexpressed wound‐induced keratin genes, which appear to be coregulated with other genes involved in mediating epidermal differentiation, intercellular communication and immunity. This study, from the perspective of gene profiling, supports that gene misregulation in PK mimics that of psoriasis. Our data indicate that the genes implicated in the T‐cell‐mediated immune response pathway and activation of KCs play a key role in the pathogenesis of PK.
Hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to skin: diagnostic utility of antihuman hepatocyte antibody in combination with albumin in situ hybridization
Authors: Wood Angela J. , Lappinga Paul J. , Ahmed Iftikhar 
Published: August 2008

Background:  Cutaneous metastases from hepatic neoplasms are rare. Histologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are often poorly differentiated, hindering accurate diagnosis on routine examination by hematoxylin‐eosin stain. Antihuman hepatocyte antibody is highly sensitive for HCC but can be strongly expressed in other adenocarcinomas. Albumin in situ hybridization (ISH) is highly specific and sensitive for HCC; in combination with antihuman hepatocyte antibody, it has a diagnostic sensitivity approaching 100%. To our knowledge, the combination of antihuman hepatocyte antibody and albumin ISH has not previously been examined in the context of cutaneous HCC.Methods:  We present histologic findings and results of ancillary studies for three patients with metastatic HCC. These patients had a poorly differentiated cytokeratin‐positive cutaneous neoplasm. All three cases were evaluated with antihuman hepatocyte antibody and albumin ISH.Results:  Neoplastic cells were strongly positive for antihuman hepatocyte antibody, and ISH detected albumin messenger RNA in nearly 100% of the neoplastic cells in all three cases.Conclusions:  The combination of antihuman hepatocyte antibody and albumin ISH is highly sensitive and specific for HCC metastatic to skin and is useful in the differential diagnosis of a poorly differentiated cytokeratin‐positive neoplasm.
Effects of Toll‐like receptor 4 on Porphyromonas gingivalis‐induced bone loss in mice
Authors: Costalonga M. , Batas L. , Reich B. J. 
Published: August 2008

Background and Objective:  Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4)/myeloid differentiation protein‐2 complex ligation by lipopolysaccharide induces production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and co‐stimulatory molecules on antigen presenting cells. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the TLR‐4 in bone loss‐resistant C57BL mice and in bone loss‐susceptible BALB/c mice after infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis.Material and Methods:  The BALB/c and C57BL/10 mice, either normal or TLR‐4 deficient, were infected or sham‐infected orally four times, at 4 day intervals, with 109 colony forming units of P. gingivalis. At 47 days, defleshed jaws were stained and photographed in a standardized position. We measured the surface area of the root trunk to assess the alveolar bone loss.Results:  Porphyromonas gingivalis‐infected wild‐type BALB/c mice lost 13.8% more bone than P. gingivalis‐infected wild‐type C57BL/10 mice. In contrast, P. gingivalis‐infected TLR‐4‐deficient C57BL/10 mice lost 12.7% more bone than P. gingivalis‐infected TLR‐4‐deficient BALB/c mice. Porphyromonas gingivalis‐infected wild‐type C57BL/6 and TLR‐2 knockout C57BL/6 mice had similar bone levels to sham‐infected control mice.Conclusion:  Toll‐like receptor 4 is protective for C57BL/10 but detrimental to BALB/c mice, since its absence allowed C57BL/10 but not BALB/c mice to lose alveolar bone. Toll‐like receptor 2 does not contribute to this protection in genetically similar C57BL/6 mice.
Sampling VOCs with Porous Suction Samplers in the Presence of Ethanol: How Much Are We Losing?
Authors: Freitas Juliana G. , Barker James F. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPorous suction samplers have been widely used to obtain ground water samples from the vadose zone. However, previous studies identified different mechanisms that may compromise the sample’s representativeness, such as volatilization and sorption. This issue is particularly important when dealing with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as in gasoline spills. Ethanol is common in modern fuels and so may be present in ground water contamination from fuel releases. The objective of this work was to evaluate the losses of VOCs in the presence of ethanol when using porous suction samplers. Laboratory experiments were performed using a ceramic porous suction sampler to sample test solution containing benzene, toluene, xylenes, trimethylbenzenes, naphthalene, and different volumetric fractions of ethanol. Significant losses were found up to 30% for ethylbenzene. Ethanol was found to affect the accuracy of the readings by two main mechanisms: first, negatively, by increasing the headspace in the sampling tube, and second, positively, increasing partition to the aqueous phase due to the cosolvent effect and therefore decreasing the mass loss by volatilization. As a consequence, the highest losses of VOCs were found at intermediate ethanol volume fractions: 10% and 20% (v/v). The losses can be anticipated by measuring the ratio of gas to water in the sampling line and then by applying simple partition models considering cosolvency by ethanol. The importance of adequate purging when using porous suction samplers was also shown.
Compliance costs, regulation, and environmental performance: Controlling truck emissions in the US
Authors: Thornton Dorothy , Kagan Robert A. , Gunningham Neil 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWhen explaining regulatory policymaking and the behavior of regulated business firms, scholars have supplemented economic models by emphasizing the role of public‐regarding entrepreneurial politics and of normative pressures on firms. This article explores the limits of such entrepreneurial politics and “social license” pressures by examining regulation of emissions from diesel powered trucks in the US. We find that the economic cost of obtaining the best available control technology – new model lower emissions engines – has: (i) limited the stringency and coerciveness of direct regulation of vehicle owners and operators; (ii) dwarfed the reach and effectiveness of the governmental programs that subsidize the purchase of new less polluting vehicles; and (iii) elevated the importance of each company’s “economic license”– as opposed to its “social license”– in shaping its environmental performance. The prominence of this “regulatory compliance cost” variable in shaping both regulation and firm behavior, we conclude, is likely to recur in highly competitive markets, like trucking, that include many small firms that cannot readily either afford or pass on the cost of best available compliance technologies.
Effects of increasing days of exposure to prepartum transition diets on milk production and milk composition in dairy cows
Authors: Degaris PJ , Lean IJ , Rabiee AR , Heuer C 
Published: August 2008

Objective   To evaluate the effects of length of exposure to prepartum transition diets on milk yield, fat and protein production.Design   Prospective cohort study. The number of days that the cows were fed the prepartum transition diets was the exposure of interest.Procedures   Holstein and Holstein × Jersey cows (n = 1008) were enrolled. Diets given in the far‐off dry period (from end of lactation until approximately 3 weeks before expected parturition) consisted of ad libitum access to perennial ryegrass pastures. Prepartum transition diets included perennial ryegrass pasture, ryegrass silage, cereal hay, grain, grain by‐product, protein meals, BioChlor®, sodium monensin, virginiamycin or tylosin, MgSO4, trace elements and vitamins. On a dry matter basis, these contained 16.0% crude protein, 4.2% rumen undegradable protein, and 9.9 mJ metabolisable energy/kg. Diets provided an estimated metabolisable protein balance of 286 g/day and dietary cation anion difference of −150 meq/kg dry matter. Statistical models controlled for effects of herd, calving day, breed, age and gestation period.Results   Increasing length of exposure to the prepartum transition diets significantly increased the 4.0% fat‐ and 3.2% protein‐corrected milk yield and milk‐protein yield as a linear and quadratic effect. The optimal duration of exposure to the prepartum transition diets was 25 days for fat‐ and protein‐corrected milk production and 22 days for milk protein production. Milk‐fat percentage decreased significantly and linearly with increasing exposure to the prepartum transition diets; however, milk‐fat yield or milk‐protein percentage did not vary significantly with duration of exposure to the diets.Conclusions   Increasing exposure to prepartum transition diets increased milk and milk‐protein yields and decreased the milk fat‐percentage, but not the milk‐protein percentage or milk‐fat yield.
Initial work experiences of veterinarians who graduated from Australian universities in 2005
Authors: Heath TJ 
Published: August 2008

Objective  To describe the location, type, support from and effects of their first position for the veterinary graduates of 2005, and to make comparisons with graduates of 1950–2000.Procedure  Questionnaires were sent to veterinarians who had graduated from an Australian university in 2005, and data were analysed with SAS System 8 for Windows.Results  One‐sixth of the graduates left for overseas, and 55% (Murdoch) to 85% (Melbourne) of the remainder found their first veterinary position in the state where they were trained. More were in small animal (48%) and less in mixed practice (48%) than in previous decades, and they spent more time (79%) with dogs and cats, and less with horses (9%), cattle (8%) and other production animals (1%). The median income of males working full‐time was $43,000 and $39,000 for equivalent females. Most were satisfied with the help and support received from their boss and workplace; approximately 20% felt that support was inadequate, and many felt overworked and underpaid. The graduates with inadequate support were more likely to suffer stress and were less likely to have enjoyed their first year or to agree that they would become a veterinarian again. The levels of perceived support, and of stress, were similar to those reported by graduates of 2000, though more favourable than in the previous 2 decades.Conclusions  Graduates of 2005 were less likely than their predecessors to start in mixed practice or to work with cattle and horses. Most felt poorly paid, but most, though not all, felt well supported in their first position.
Disease suspected to be caused by Ross River virus infection of horses
Authors: El‐Hage CM , McCluskey MJ , Azuolas JK 
Published: August 2008

Ross River Virus (RRV) was believed to be the cause of acute illness in four horses around the Bellarine peninsula in south‐west Victoria, Australia. The horses presented with clinical signs including petechial haemorrhages, lymphadenopathy, distal limb swelling and reluctance to move. Fibrinogen was also elevated in three of the four horses. Whilst no virus was isolated, serological testing revealed elevated RRV IgM titres in all horses indicating acute infection. The outbreak occurred at a time when a known RRV vector, the mosquito Aedes camptorhynchus was recorded at very high levels in the region.This report is one of very few to attribute specific signs of disease to RRV in horses in conjunction with serological evidence of infection.