bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Role of Values and Ideals in the Development of Energy Systems: How Values, Their Idealizations, and Technologies Shape Political Decision-Making
Authors: Alleblas Joost 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study examines an important aspect of energy history and policy: the intertwinement of energy technologies with ideals. Ideals play an important role in energy visions and innovation pathways. Aspirations to realize technical, social, and political ideals indicate a long-term commitment in the design of energy systems, distinguishable from commitment to other abstract goals, such as values. This study offers an analytical scheme that could help to conceptualize these differences and their impact on energy policy. In the proposed model, two spheres of interaction are highlighted: a material sphere in which values and technologies co-evolve, and an imaginary sphere in which ideals interact with idealized technologies. Furthermore, the relation between these two spheres can be understood in different ways. This study examines three cases that are illustrative of the different roles of ideals in the development of energy technologies and visions: (1) the evolution of safety in nuclear reactor design; (2) visions of atomic power in France; (3) the political idealization of a tidal power scheme in the Severn Estuary. Finally, the developed model implies more general insights for the development of sociotechnical systems. Amongst others, it shows why certain projects and technologies remain a political, but not a techno–economic option.
Copper Intoxication in South American Camelids—Review of the Literature and First Report of a Case in a Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna)
Authors: Marahrens H. , von Dörnberg K. , Molnár V. , Gregor K. M. , Leitzen E. , von Altrock A. , Polifka A. , Ganter M. , Wagener M. G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCopper (Cu), an essential trace element in the metabolism of mammals, plays a central role in various metabolic processes. However, overdosing can lead to severe symptoms and even fatalities. Chronic Cu intoxication continues to be a problem in grazing and domestic animals, with sheep being particularly sensitive. There are few comparative studies on its impact on South American camelids (SACs). Therefore, this work presents the results of literature research combined with a case report on a 3-year-old female vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) presented to the clinic from a zoological garden in northern Germany. The animal showed reduced food intake, recumbency, bruxism, icteric mucous membranes and sclera. Auscultation revealed atony of the third compartment and the digestive tract. Similar to cases described in the literature, the animal showed rapid deterioration of its condition with unspecific symptoms of liver failure and rapid death. However, in contrast to descriptions in sheep, clinical icterus has not been previously reported in cases of other SACs. Laboratory findings from EDTA and serum samples revealed neutrophilia with a left shift, hypoproteinaemia, lymphopaenia, azotaemia, elevated levels of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) in the serum. Hyperbilirubinaemia and significantly elevated serum and liver Cu levels were observed. Subsequent blood samples from the remaining vicuñas and alpacas in the same enclosure showed no remarkable abnormalities. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this case report represents the first documented case of Cu intoxication specifically in vicuñas.
The Effect of Dietary Organic Copper and Zinc Trace Minerals on some Yield and Mineral Levels and Histological Structure of Testes
Authors: Eren Vadullah , Güleş Özay , Gökdal Özdal , Eren Ülker , Ünübol Aypak Serap 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effects of providing Cu and Zn minerals with an organic structure reduced by 25% compared to the recommended (NRC) inorganic value on parameters such as the age at which lambs achieve 50% sperm motility yield, some developmental parameters, testis histology, as well as serum, wool, and fecal mineral levels in lambs. The study involved 12 male lambs in the T1 group (organic minerals) and 11 in the T2 group (inorganic minerals) of the Kıvırcık breed. Lambs received minerals from mothers during the last month of fetal period and suckling, continuing individual feeding post-weaning. During individual feeding, T1 received 5.25 mg/kg DM copper-chelate and 15.0 mg/kg DM zinc-chelate, while T2 received 7 mg/kg DM copper-sulfate and 20 mg/kg DM zinc-sulfate. The mothers received identical mineral amounts in the last month of pregnancy and lactation. The ewes birthed offspring solely for the supply of experimental groups. Lambs, averaging about 18.5 kg, underwent bi-weekly electroejaculation, concluding the trial for those with 50% semen motility. Statistical analyses were carried out using the GLM method. No differences were observed between groups in the average age at which lambs achieve 50% sperm motility, live weight, scrotum, and testicular measurements at this age (P > 0.05). Histological analyses revealed no difference in tubule area between T1 and T2 groups (P > 0.05), but tubular epithelium height was greater in T1 (P < 0.01). End-of-trial serum copper, as well as weaning day and end-of-trial serum and fleece zinc mean values, did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). However, T1 had higher mean values for serum Cu on the weaning day (P < 0.01), fleece copper on the weaning day (P < 0.05) and at the end of the trial (P < 0.001). Additionally, the T1 group exhibited lower mean levels of fecal copper (P < 0.05) and fecal zinc (P < 0.001). In conclusion, despite organic copper and zinc levels being 25% lower in the examined parameters, comparable or improved results were achieved with inorganic copper and zinc.
Simultaneous removal of fluoride and arsenic from drinking groundwater using limestones from Bajío Guanajuatense, Mexico
Authors: Juárez-Aparicio Fátima , Morales-Arredondo José Iván , Armienta Hernández María Aurora 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNumerous groundwater wells in Mexico exceed the maximum allowable fluoride (F−) and arsenic (As) drinking water concentration requirements, posing an environmental and health risk to the population that relies solely on these wells for drinking water sources. Since encouraging results have been obtained utilizing native limestones to remove some toxic elements from contaminated water, the ability of the limestone rock outcrop to the south of the Sierra de Guanajuato in Mexico to remove As and F− from groundwater was assessed. A sampling campaign was conducted in the study area, focusing on wells exhibiting elevated concentrations of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F−) in compliance with international standards. This water was employed in the treatment experiment involving limestone rocks. The rock sampling process involved a reconnaissance campaign covering the study area and outcrop points of limestone rocks. Representative limestone samples were collected and subsequently subjected to mineralogical and geochemical characterization. Using rock samples, synthetic water, and groundwater from contaminated wells in the region, batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the As and F− removal capacity of limestone. The batch testing consisted of water–rock interactions at various times with different samples of limestone rocks, grain sizes, and water containing distinct concentrations of both elements, artificial and groundwater extracted close to the limestones outcrop. The results indicate that the rock with the highest calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content and the smallest grain size (< 0.05 mm) removes the highest concentrations of both As and F−, with As removal being superior. The removal mechanisms were studied using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) images, saturation index calculations, and Eh–pH diagrams,. Fluoride precipitation was favored when the pH of the solution was slightly acidic, whereas sorption was favored when the pH was higher. The results obtained are encouraging for the removal of high levels of As, and to a lesser extent for F−; consequently, the use of regional limestone rocks could be a viable option for improving the water quality ingested by rural inhabitants in the study area. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) concentration can be used to identify limestone rocks with the potential to effectively remove As and F− in other locations.
The role of individual decision-making in the manufacturing of bone retouchers
Authors: Martellotta Eva Francesca , Zinnarello Valerio Giuliano , Peresani Marco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBone retouchers, while often underrated, stand out as widespread tools throughout the Palaeolithic, typically linked to breaking bones for marrow extraction. Although bone retouchers are commonly considered a by-product of butchering activities, the possibility of intentional manufacturing has been rarely considered but should not be dismissed. In our experimental protocol, we explore decision-making processes involved in manufacturing bone retouchers, focusing on how these decisions are guided by intentional production rather than solely marrow extraction. The results indicate that individuals employ specific techniques and make technological decisions, rapidly acquiring experience in retoucher manufacturing that extends beyond mere intuition. The choice of bone-breaking technique(s) reflects the intention behind either marrow extraction or producing suitable bone fragments for retouchers. This decision-making process is heavily influenced by the morphology of the bone, presenting challenges that individuals learn to overcome during the experiment. The analysis of the experimental percussion marks suggests that certain marks on specific skeletal elements indicate intentional bone retoucher manufacturing. We then propose a likelihood grid to assess the reliability of traces on each skeletal element in inferring intentional manufacturing. Given the abundance of bone retouchers in Middle Palaeolithic contexts, a thorough investigation into the intentionality behind their manufacturing processes could significantly impact their relevance within other Palaeolithic bone industries.
Comparative biology and life tables of sorghum aphid Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Mexico, at different temperatures
Authors: Peña-Martínez Rebeca , Lomeli-Flores J. Refugio , Bujanos-Muñiz Rafael , Salas-Monzón Raquel , Hernández-Torres Oscar Eduardo , Marín-Jarillo Antonio , Ibarra Jorge E. , Vanegas-Rico Juan Manuel , Muñoz-Viveros Ana Lilia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe sorghum aphid Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald, 1904) is the most critical pest in sorghum crops grown in the USA and Mexico. The cultivated area of sorghum was reduced by more than 30% between 2016 and 2019 in northern Mexico, Guanajuato, Morelos, and other regions. This study provides essential information to support an Integrated Pest Management of this insect. M. sorghi field colonies from Guanajuato, Mexico, were identified by morphometric criteria and reared on Sorghum bicolor var. UPM-219 leaf discs using a bioclimatic chamber under different temperatures: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C. The highest mortality occurred in extreme temperatures: 40 °C (100%). The lowest temperature assessed (5 °C) shows no reproduction, but the pre-reproductive period spread to 62.5 days, allowing an average of 88.2 days of the insects' survival. At 20 °C, M. sorghi produced a supernumerary N5 stage that prolonged the development by 7.1 days, while at the highest temperature (40 °C), N1s died after 0.9 days. The most prolonged reproductive period was 33.2 days (0.6 nymphs/day) at 10 °C, in contrast to 4.1 days (0.4 nymphs/day) at 35 °C. The most extended post-reproductive period (22.4 days) was observed at 10 °C and the shortest (4.2 days) at 35 °C. The highest fertility average (79.06 nymphs) was reached at 25 °C. The heat units required for each generation were 158.9, while theoretical thermal thresholds were 2.0 and 40 °C. Population parameters show that 25 °C is the optimal temperature for this aphid, estimating Ro (79.06), Rm (0.44), T (10.01), DT (1.59), and λ (1.55).
Affirmation, Friendship, and Volunteerism: Understanding and Facilitating what Makes LGBTQA+ Young People in Australia Feel Good About Themselves
Authors: McGowan I. , Power J. , Amos N. , Lyons A. , Hill A. O. , Blundell R. , Bourne A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer or asexual (LGBTQA+) young people are at heightened risk of suicidality and psychological distress. Interventions in various forms are required to address this issue, which should be informed by the strengths, capacity and insight of LGBTQA+ young people.

Methods
An online survey was promoted to LGBTQA+ young people (aged 14–21) via targeted social media advertising and community organisation dissemination, in late 2019. In addition to a range of health and wellbeing questions, all participants were asked, ‘What makes you feel good about yourself?’ The open-text responses were subject to a detailed, inductive thematic analysis.

Results
In total, 4751 young people provided a short answer response to the question of what makes them feel good about themselves. The length of responses ranged from a few words to several paragraphs. Six key themes were identified. These included LGBTQA+ young people finding value in connection with significant others and finding affirmation for their gender and sexuality through their presentation and engagement with the world. In addition, participants talked about how they liked to engage with people they identified with or saw as role models, and how their creative outlets or making a positive difference in the world (e.g., through volunteering) helped them feel good about themselves.

Conclusions
While ensuring that young LGBTQA+ people have access to mental health services and social/support programs is important, it is also essential that we acknowledge young people’s agency and the significance of everyday, informal acts which support young LGBTQA+ people to achieve desires for connection, acceptance, contribution, belonging and self-expression.

Policy Implications
Findings reported in this paper offer some valuable insights for policy and programming, particularly in acknowledging and centring young people’s agency and capacity to make decisions and take action to express themselves, to find community and affirm their identity.
Endophytic genera in californian thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.)
Authors: Kentjens Wendy , Casonato Seona , Kaiser Clive 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCirsium arvense is an important weed in temperate areas, causing yield losses in pasture and cropping systems. Endophytes may affect fungal biocontrol agents deployed to control C. arvense. This was the first study sampling leaves, stems, and roots of C. arvense multiple times in one growing season to determine which endophytic genera were associated with this plant species. Eighty-eight endophytic genera were isolated by culture methods and identified with molecular markers. Sixty-five of these have not previously been reported for C. arvense. This study was the first to document many genera belonging to the orders Pleosporales, Hypocreales, and Diaporthales that have not previously been identified in association with C. arvense. In addition, this study isolated more Leotiomycetes and Helothiales than previous studies on C. arvense endophytes. Information on endophytic genera in C. arvense will aid our understanding of biotic factors influencing fungal biocontrol agents and may improve effectiveness of biocontrol agents.
Social Robots: A Promising Tool to Support People with Autism. A Systematic Review of Recent Research and Critical Analysis from the Clinical Perspective
Authors: Vagnetti Roberto , Di Nuovo Alessandro , Mazza Monica , Valenti Marco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the past decade, interdisciplinary research has revealed the potential benefits of using social robots in the care of individuals with autism. There is a growing interest in integrating social robots into clinical practice. However, while significant efforts have been made to develop and test the technical aspects, clinical validation and implementation lag behind. This article presents a systematic literature review from a clinical perspective, focusing on articles that demonstrate clinical relevance through experimental studies. These studies are analysed and critically discussed in terms of their integration into healthcare and care practices. The goal is to assist healthcare professionals in identifying opportunities and limitations in their practice and to promote further interdisciplinary cooperation.
Concurrent training associated with moderate walnut consumption improved isokinetic strength, subjective sleep quality, cognitive performance and postural balance in elderly active men: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kamoun Anis , Yahia Abdelmonem , Farjallah Mohamed Amine , Maaloul Rami , Marzougui Houssem , Bouaziz Mohamed , Souissi Nizar , Elleuch Mohamed Habib , Hammouda Omar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aims
To investigate the effects of concurrent training (resistance and endurance) associated with moderate walnut consumption on isokinetic strength, subjective sleep quality, cognitive performance and postural balance in physically active elderly men.

Methods
Twenty healthy elderly men were divided into two matched groups, in a randomized controlled experiment. They have participated in three training sessions per week: concurrent (strength and endurance) training + ad libitum diet with walnuts (15 g/day for 6 weeks, CTW: n = 10) and concurrent training + ad libitum diet (CT: n = 10). Isokinetic strength, Spiegel questionnaire, Montreal cognitive assessment and postural balance parameters were assessed 48 h pre- and post-intervention.

Results
Absolute peak torque of knee extensors and knee flexors significantly increased compared to pre-training in CTW (15.2% ± 6.7; 13.2% ± 2.3, p < 0.05, respectively) and CT (10.6% ± 6.8; 7.4% ± 2.9, p < 0.05, respectively). Subjective sleep quality increased compared to pre-training for CTW and CT (24% ± 14.4; 10.5% ± 9.4, p < 0.05, respectively) with a significantly greater increase in CTW (p < 0.05). Cognitive performance measured by Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) increased only in CTW compared to baseline (7.7% ± 2.5, p < 0.05). Postural balance parameters with dual task decreased only in CTW compared to baseline.

Conclusions
The present study clearly revealed that concurrent training alone or associated with daily walnut (15 g) consumption for 6 weeks significantly increased knee isokinetic strength, support leg standing parameters and sleep quality. Meanwhile, cognitive performance evaluated by MoCA test and postural balance with dual task were improved for CTW group only.
Efficient relation extraction via quantum reinforcement learning
Authors: Zhu Xianchao , Mu Yashuang , Wang Xuetao , Zhu William 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMost existing relation extraction methods only determine the relation type after identifying all entities, thus not fully modeling the interaction between relation-type recognition and entity mention detection. This article introduces a novel paradigm for relation extraction by treating relevant entities as parameters of relations and harnessing the strong expressive capabilities and acceleration advantages of quantum computing to address the relation extraction task. In this article, we develop a quantum hierarchical reinforcement learning approach to enhance the interaction between relation-type recognition and entity mention detection. The entire relation extraction process is broken down into a hierarchical structure of two layers of quantum reinforcement learning strategies dedicated to relation detection and entity extraction, demonstrating greater feasibility and expressiveness, especially when dealing with superimposed relations. Our proposed method outperforms existing approaches through experimental evaluations on commonly used public datasets, mainly showcasing its significant advantages in extracting superimposed relationships.
A low-light image enhancement method for personnel safety monitoring in underground coal mines
Authors: Yang Wei , Wang Shuai , Wu Jiaqi , Chen Wei , Tian Zijian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntelligent monitoring technology plays an important role in promoting the development of coal mine safety management. Low illumination in the coal mine underground leads to difficult recognition of monitoring images and poor personnel detection accuracy. To alleviate this problem, a low illuminance image enhancement method proposed for personnel safety monitoring in underground coal mines. Specifically, the local enhancement module maps low illumination to normal illumination at pixel level preserving image details as much as possible. The transformer-based global adjustment module is applied to the locally enhanced images to avoid over-enhancement of bright areas and under-illumination of dark areas, and to prevent possible color deviations in the enhancement process. In addition, a feature similarity loss is proposed to constrain the similarity of target features to avoid the possible detrimental effect of enhancement on detection. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves the detection accuracy by 7.1% on the coal mine underground personal dataset, obtaining the highest accuracy compared to several other methods. The proposed method effectively improves the visualization and detection performance of low-light images, which contributes to the personnel safety monitoring in underground coal mines.
Recovery of Metals from Copper Smelting Slag Using Coke and Biochar
Authors: Chen Min , Sukhomlinov Dmitry , Taskinen Pekka , Hamuyuni Joseph , Michallik Radoslaw M. , Lindgren Mari , Jokilaakso Ari 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the purpose of recovering the metal values, in this study the copper slag was reduced by coke and biochar at 1250 °C in an argon gas atmosphere using the isothermal reduction/drop quenching technique. The phase compositions of metal, matte, and slag were determined using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The effects of reduction time and amount of reductant were investigated. The distribution of elements between metal/matte and slag was ascertained based on the elemental concentrations determined by EPMA. It was found that copper concentration in slag can be effectively decreased to approximately 0.4–0.6 wt% within 5 min by coke and biochar. Copper and nickel can also be successfully recovered into the copper alloy phase once settling has been accomplished.
Graphical Abstract