bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High aldehyde dehydrogenase and expression of cancer stem cell markers selects for breast cancer cells with enhanced malignant and metastatic ability
Authors: Croker Alysha K. , Goodale David , Chu Jenny , Postenka Carl , Hedley Benjamin D. , Hess David A. , Allan Alison L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) have recently been identified in leukaemia and solid tumours; however, the role of CSCs in metastasis remains poorly understood. This dearth of knowledge about CSCs and metastasis is due largely to technical challenges associated with the use of primary human cancer cells in pre‐clinical models of metastasis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop suitable pre‐clinical model systems for studying stem‐like cells in breast cancer metastasis, and to test the hypothesis that stem‐like cells play a key role in metastatic behaviour. We assessed four different human breast cancer cell lines (MDA‐MB‐435, MDA‐MB‐231, MDA‐MB‐468, MCF‐7) for expression of prospective CSC markers CD44/CD24 and CD133, and for functional activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), an enzyme involved in stem cell self‐protection. We then used fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and functional assays to characterize differences in malignant/metastatic behaviour in vitro (proliferation, colony‐forming ability, adhesion, migration, invasion) and in vivo (tumorigenicity and metastasis). Sub‐populations of cells demonstrating stem‐cell‐like characteristics (high expression of CSC markers and/or high ALDH) were identified in all cell lines except MCF‐7. When isolated and compared to ALDHlowCD44low/– cells, ALDHhiCD44+CD24− (MDA‐MB‐231) and ALDHhiCD44+CD133+ (MDA‐MB‐468) cells demonstrated increased growth (P < 0.05), colony formation (P < 0.05), adhesion (P < 0.001), migration (P < 0.001) and invasion (P < 0.001). Furthermore, following tail vein or mammary fat pad injection of NOD/SCID/IL2γ receptor null mice, ALDHhiCD44+CD24− and ALDHhiCD44+CD133+ cells showed enhanced tumorigenicity and metastasis relative to ALDHlowCD44low/– cells (P < 0.05). These novel results suggest that stem‐like ALDHhiCD44+CD24− and ALDHhiCD44+CD133+ cells may be important mediators of breast cancer metastasis.
Acute infectious id panniculitis/panniculitic bacterid: a distinctive form of neutrophilic lobular panniculitis
Authors: Magro Cynthia M. , Dyrsen Molly E. , Crowson Arthur Neil 
Published: August 2008

Background:  Lobular panniculitis encompasses lupus profundus, atypical lymphocytic lobular panniculitis, erythema induratum and subcutaneous Sweet’s syndrome, while septal panniculitis includes erythema nodosum and fibrosing dermal processes of burn out necrobiosis lipoidica and morphea profundus. Panniculitis may represent a sign of systemic disease and/or a modified immune response to hematogenously disseminated antigen.Methods:  We describe 10 cases of sterile neutrophilic dominant lobular panniculitis that represented an id reaction to non‐tuberculous stimuli.Results:  Four males and six females had sudden tender non‐ulcerated lower extremity nodules with preceding non‐tuberculous infectious triggers. Three also had upper extremity lesions. Biopsies showed dominant neutrophilic infiltrate with subcutaneous microabscesses (7), extravascular granulomatous infiltrates (5), thrombotic microangiopathy (5) and necrotizing vasculitis (5). Stains evaluating microbial pathogens were negative. Lesions resolved with antibiotic treatment and/or abscess drainage; no case recurred. Medical histories included atopic diathesis (4), primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (1), ulcerative colitis (1) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (1). Serologies showed polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, cold agglutinins and cryofibrinogens.Conclusions:  We propose the term acute infectious id panniculitis for cases of neutrophilic lobular panniculitis triggered by non‐tuberculous infectious stimuli. This course may be self‐limited. Microvascular cofactors and/or procoagulant states may be pathogenetically important. Recognizing this entity may circumvent the need for an exhaustive evaluation for other causes of neutrophilic lobular panniculitis.
Mucopolysaccharidoses in the Scandinavian countries: incidence and prevalence
Authors: Malm Gunilla , Lund Allan M. , Månsson Jan‐Eric , Heiberg Arvid 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence and prevalence of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS disorders) in Scandinavia.Methods: The retrospective period used for the incidence study covered the period from 1975 to 2004 in Sweden and Denmark and from 1979 to 2004 in Norway. Prevalence was derived from the number of MPS patients alive as of December 31, 2007.Results: The incidence of all MPS disorders was 1.75 cases in Sweden, 3.08 cases in Norway and 1.77 cases in Denmark per 100 000 newborns. The incidence of MPS I was the most common in all three countries, with 0.67, 1.85 and 0.54 cases per 100 000 newborns, respectively; for MPS II, numbers were 0.27, 0.13 and 0.27, respectively. For patients with other MPS disorders the incidence varied widely. The prevalence for all MPS disorders was 4.24, 7.06 and 6.03 per 1 000 000 inhabitants in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, respectively.Conclusion: From three Scandinavian countries the incidence of MPS disorders is retrospectively evaluated for 25 years in Norway and 30 years in Sweden and Denmark. Incidence and prevalence studies of lysosomal disorders are prerequisites for cost benefit calculations in the face of newly developed and expensive therapies in the future.
The Evidence‐Based Practice Beliefs and Implementation Scales: Psychometric Properties of Two New Instruments
Authors: Melnyk Bernadette Mazurek , Fineout‐Overholt Ellen , Mays Mary Z. 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACT Background: Implementation of evidence‐based practice (EBP) by health professionals is a key strategy for improving health care quality and patient outcomes as well as increasing professional role satisfaction. However, it is estimated that only a small percentage of nurses and other health care providers are consistently using this approach to clinical practice. Aim: The aim of this study was to report on the development and psychometric properties of two new scales: (1) the 16‐item EBP Beliefs Scale that allows measurement of a person's beliefs about the value of EBP and the ability to implement it, and (2) the 18‐item EBP Implementation Scale that allows measurement of the extent to which EBP is implemented. Methods: Nurses (N= 394) attending continuing education workshops volunteered to complete the scales. Data were analysed to evaluate reliability and validity of both instruments. Results
: Cronbach's alpha was > .90 for each scale. Principal components analysis indicated that each scale allowed measurement of a unidimensional construct. Strength of EBP beliefs and the extent of EBP implementation increased as educational level increased (p < .001) and as responsibility in the workplace increased (p < .001). Conclusion: In this study, initial evidence was provided to support the reliability and validity of the EBP Beliefs and Implementation Scales in a heterogeneous sample of practicing nurses. Evidence to Action: Use of the scales in future research could generate evidence to guide EBP implementation strategies in practice and education. Results could establish the extent to which EBP is being implemented and its effect on clinician satisfaction and patient outcomes.
Fragment Propagation and Colonization Ability Enhanced and Varied at Node Level after Escaping from Apical Dominance in Submerged Macrophytes
Authors: Jiang Jinhui , An Shuqing , Zhou Changfang , Guan Baohua , Sun Zhiyi , Cai Ying , Liu Fude 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAquatic plants develop strong fragment propagation and colonization ability to endure the natural disturbances. However, detailed research of ability to endure the natural disturbances has been lacking to date. Therefore, reproduction (shoot) and colonization (root) of shoot fragments ofPotamogeton crispusL. with or without apices were investigated for the effect of apical dominance, and the growth of decapitated shoot fragments at three lengths (2, 4, 6 cm) was compared. Meanwhile, fragment propagation at levels of bud position was studied for bud position effect after escaping from apical dominance. The results showed significant increases occurred in the outgrowth of lateral branches on fragments decapitated compared with the fragments with apices, implying that apical dominance exists. Different lengths of fragments showed little difference in biomass allocations, but significant differences were noted in their propagation. Meanwhile, the effect of bud position was verified, due to the significant difference of average reproduction per node among the three length groups. Thus, the present study has made progress in the current understanding of aquatic plant dispersion among natural systems and contributes to improve methods ofin vitropropagation for re‐implantation purposes.
THE IMPACT OF HOMOGENIZATION AND MICROFILTRATION ON RENNET‐INDUCED GEL FORMATION
Authors: THOMANN STEPHAN , SCHENKEL PHILIPP , HINRICHS JÖRG 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACT The effects of the independent variables, milk homogenization pressure (p1), concentration factor of milk microfiltration (i) and pH on the rheological properties of rennet milk gels were studied. Nondestructive oscillatory rheometry was used to determine rennet coagulation time (RCT), curd firming rate (CFR) and cutting time (CT). A central composite design, comprising two levels of i (1 and 2), pH (6.4 and 6.6) and p1 (0 and 8 MPa), was applied. Second‐order polynomial models successfully described (R2 > 0.92) the relationship between processing parameters and rheological properties of the gels. pH had the most important influence on RCT, while CFR and CT were strongly influenced by i, pH and the interaction of i and pH. In contradiction to studies on active filler interactions for acid milk gels, a discrepancy was observed between results obtained by compression test and rheometry. Rennet gel firmness strongly decreased with a rise in p1 when measured using the compression test, whereby CFR increased with an increase in p1 when measured using rheometry. The latter result corresponds to higher storage modulus values after a certain time indicating higher gel stiffness. This effect was stronger for concentrated milk than for unconcentrated milk.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe use of microfiltration (MF) and homogenization may reduce raw material and processing time in conventional cheese manufacture. However, MF markedly influences milk composition, and homogenization alters the particle size distribution of fat globules. Hence, both technologies may influence rennet‐induced gel formation, syneresis, cheese composition and quality. Curd firmness of homogenized milk is often too weak to resist the extensive curd treatment applied in semi‐hard cheese manufacture which causes loss of curd fines during the syneresis process and finally decreases cheese yield. MF leads to high curd firmness if cutting is not performed at the appropriate time, which unnecessarily extends processing time. The study of the effect of the individual treatments, as well as of the combination of both on rennet‐induced gel formation, is the first important step to evaluate their impact on further processing steps in cheese making. The combination of both technologies may overcome the antagonistic effect of the individual technology as low curd firmness due to homogenization can be compensated by MF that increases curd firmness and vice versa.
RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF CONCENTRATED INULIN SOLUTION: INFLUENCE OF SOLUBLE SOLIDS CONCENTRATION AND TEMPERATURE
Authors: TONELI JULIANA TÓFANO DE CAMPOS LEITE , PARK KIL JIN , MURR FERNANDA ELIZABETH XIDIEH , MARTINELLI PAULA OLIVEIRA 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACT Inulin is a storage polysaccharide present in more than 30,000 vegetable products, including chicory roots, that are considered suitable for industrial application. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of temperature and the soluble solids concentration on the rheological behavior of a concentrated inulin solution obtained from a centrifugation process from chicory roots, after freezing at −24C. For all the evaluated soluble solids concentrations, inulin solutions showed a rheological behavior of a highly pseudoplastic fluid, with high resistance to flow at low strain rates followed by a breakdown of the structure when the shear rate increased. The effect of temperature on the apparent viscosity of inulin solutions can be represented by the Arrhenius equation. The rheological behavior of inulin solutions can be represented by the Herschel–Bulkley, Casson, Cross and Power Law equations, where the consistency index increases as temperature rises and the soluble solids concentration as well.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe main objective of this work was to analyze the rheological behavior of a concentrated inulin solution obtained from chicory roots, to check the possibility of its application to obtain powder inulin.The concentrated inulin solution was obtained by diffusion in hot water, followed by concentration by evaporation and phase separation conducted by lowering the temperature (−24C) and centrifugation at a velocity of 10,000 rpm for a time interval of 15 min. However, this solution is still going to be processed. Therefore, it is important to know its rheological behavior.The influence of temperature and the soluble solids concentration on the rheological behavior of the concentrated inulin solution was also studied.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL, TEXTURAL AND NOODLE‐MAKING PROPERTIES OF WHEAT DOUGH CONTAINING ALGINATE
Authors: LEE SUYONG , BAE IN YOUNG , JUNG JU‐HEE , JANG KEUM‐IL , KIM YOO WON , LEE HYEON GYU 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTThe effects of the addition of alginate on the physicochemical, rheological and noodle‐making properties of wheat flour were studied. The hydration properties (water absorption index, water solubility and swelling power) of wheat flour increased with increasing levels of alginate due to its high affinity to water. The addition of alginate caused increased water absorption and dough development time in the farinogram while the tolerance of dough to mixing was reduced. Also, the syneresis of the wheat flour gel was significantly reduced during freeze‐thaw treatments when prepared with alginate. With the addition of alginate, the noodles exhibited an increase in the cooked weight and a decrease in the cooking loss. Moreover, the addition of alginate led to significant increases in the cutting and tensile forces of the noodles. In addition, the noodles containing more alginate exhibited lower lightness and redness, while yellowness was increased.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe purposes of this study are to examine the effects of alginate on the physicochemical and rheological properties of wheat flour dough and to evaluate its performance in noodle‐making.This study demonstrates that alginate can be used as a food additive to control and modify the rheology and texture of wheat flour products.
BULK MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF COMMERCIAL PARTICLE FOOD FOAMS
Authors: SANDOVAL ALEIDA J. , CHAUNIER LAURENT , COURCOUX PHILIPPE , VALLE GUY DELLA 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACT The texture of 10 commercial cereal foam products, of different composition and shape, has been evaluated through the measurement of its bulk mechanical properties using a Kramer shear cell. Force–displacement curves led to repeatable measurements, characterized by low standard deviations. Discrimination among samples and relevant mechanical variables were determined by the PCA of these curves. Most of the variability in the force–displacement curves (97%) and mechanical variables (93%) were contained in the two PC1s, and the mechanical behavior of this large variety of cereal foams texture could be explained by two variables: the energy needed for crushing (area under the force–displacement curve) and the slope ratio of the curve. These variables were then respectively related to bulk density, which increased with sugar content, and to the shape factor, evaluated through geometric approximation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe contribution of this work to the characterization of cereal foam product texture is first, to extend the validation of the Kramer shear cell for assessing the bulk behavior of real products of irregular shape. Low standard deviation and product differentiation among 10 commercial samples shows that this method is reliable enough for quality control of cereal particle foams. Then, by its ability to determine the two most relevant variables from the texture profiles, it allows a deeper look on the relationships between mechanical properties and multi‐scale structure, as shown by the relation with apparent bulk density and particle shape, and the role of sugar content. Finally, the relation with former works on cornflakes also suggests the use of these variables for assessing sample crispness.
The Changing Value of Australian Tropical Rivers
Authors: JACKSON SUE , STOECKL NATALIE , STRATON ANNA , STANLEY OWEN 
Published: August 2008

AbstractUntil recently the objectives of tropical river management were narrowly construed: the development imperative drove resource policy. During recent decades, community attitudes to river and water management have changed considerably and the national program of water reform, the National Water Initiative, is accelerating alterations to the way that water is used, managed and priced. A broader range of values and imperatives is now influencing water resource management policy. Not least is the concern over the ecological impacts and economic inefficiencies of the large‐scale hydrological schemes that once excited the public's imagination. This paper reports on a recent study of social and economic values of tropical rivers conducted by the authors for an Australian statutory research and development corporation. The study shows that the values associated with tropical rivers have changed and diversified over time with growing societal awareness of the contribution made by unregulated, healthy river systems to human wellbeing and cultural identity. As a consequence of substantial social change, tropical river management must now contend with a more complex array of societal values and water management objectives.
Cultural Capital and Place: Coles Bay and the Freycinet Peninsula, Tasmania
Authors: PATTERSON CAROL 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper poses the question: what is the role of cultural capital at the interface of environment, economy and society, and what other factors affect this role? A review of Pierre Bourdieu's concept of cultural capital and later developments of this concept by ecological economists serves to establish the values that comprise cultural capital, and its relationship to natural capital and economic capital. These relationships are investigated through a case study of a small coastal community, Coles Bay and the Freycinet Peninsula, in Tasmania. Three study groups are identified which comprise the communities associated with this place; long‐term residents, repeat visitors and tourists making a single visit. The complexity of the relationships of people with place are revealed through an examination of the different forms of capital (social, cultural and economic) relating to the different study groups. The dynamics of the social, economic and environmental realities of Coles Bay and the Freycinet Peninsula are seen to be complex and interlinked, with the potential to provide a model for action in communities of similar character and location.
Do transgenic plants affect rhizobacteria populations?
Authors: Filion Martin 
Published: August 2008

SummaryPlant genetic manipulation has led to the development of genetically modified plants (GMPs) expressing various traits. Since their first commercial use in 1996, GMPs have been increasingly used, reaching a global cultivating production area of 114.3 million hectares in 2007. The rapid development of agricultural biotechnology and release of GMPs have provided many agronomic and economic benefits, but has also raised concerns over the potential impact these plants might have on the environment. Among these environmental concerns, the unintentional impact that GMPs might have on soil‐associated microbes, especially rhizosphere‐inhabiting bacteria or rhizobacteria, represents one of the least studied and understood areas. As rhizobacteria are responsible for numerous key functions including nutrient cycling and decomposition, they have been defined as good indicator organisms to assess the general impact that GMPs might have on the soil environment. This minireview summarizes the results of various experiments that have been conducted to date on the impact of GMPs on rhizobacteria. Both biological and technical parameters are discussed and an attempt is made to determine if specific rhizobacterial responses exist for the different categories of GMPs developed to date.
Identification of furfural as a key toxin in lignocellulosic hydrolysates and evolution of a tolerant yeast strain
Authors: Heer Dominik , Sauer Uwe 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe production of fuel ethanol from low‐cost lignocellulosic biomass currently suffers from several limitations. One of them is the presence of inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates that are released during pre‐treatment. These compounds inhibit growth and hamper the production of ethanol, thereby affecting process economics. To delineate the effects of such complex mixtures, we conducted a chemical analysis of four different real‐world lignocellulosic hydrolysates and determined their toxicological effect on yeast. By correlating the potential inhibitor abundance to the growth‐inhibiting properties of the corresponding hydrolysates, we identified furfural as an important contributor to hydrolysate toxicity for yeast. Subsequently, we conducted a targeted evolution experiment to improve growth behaviour of the half industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain TMB3400 in the hydrolysates. After about 300 generations, representative clones from these evolved populations exhibited significantly reduced lag phases in medium containing the single inhibitor furfural, but also in hydrolysate‐supplemented medium. Furthermore, these strains were able to grow at concentrations of hydrolysates that effectively killed the parental strain and exhibited significantly improved bioconversion characteristics under industrially relevant conditions. The improved resistance of our evolved strains was based on their capacity to remain viable in a toxic environment during the prolonged, furfural induced lag phase.
Development of an oligonucleotide microarray method for Salmonella serotyping
Authors: Tankouo‐Sandjong B. , Sessitsch A. , Stralis‐Pavese N. , Liebana E. , Kornschober C. , Allerberger F. , Hächler H. , Bodrossy L. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryAdequate identification of Salmonella enterica serovars is a prerequisite for any epidemiological investigation. This is traditionally obtained via a combination of biochemical and serological typing. However, primary strain isolation and traditional serotyping is time‐consuming and faster methods would be desirable. A microarray, based on two housekeeping and two virulence marker genes (atpD, gyrB, fliC and fljB), has been developed for the detection and identification of the two species of Salmonella (S. enterica and S. bongori), the five subspecies of S. enterica (II, IIIa, IIIb, IV, VI) and 43 S. enterica ssp. enterica serovars (covering the most prevalent ones in Austria and the UK). A comprehensive set of probes (n = 240), forming 119 probe units, was developed based on the corresponding sequences of 148 Salmonella strains, successfully validated with 57 Salmonella strains and subsequently evaluated with 35 blind samples including isolated serotypes and mixtures of different serotypes. Results demonstrated a strong discriminatory ability of the microarray among Salmonella serovars. Threshold for detection was 1 colony forming unit per 25 g of food sample following overnight (14 h) enrichment.