bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Amide Derivatives of Quinolone and Their Antimicrobial Studies.
Authors: Patel N. B. , Patel A. L. , Chauhan H. I. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cycloaddition Reactions of Amino Acid Derived Cross‐Conjugated Trienes: Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel Heterocyclic Scaffolds.
Authors: Mitasev Branko , Yan Bingli , Brummond Kay M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Expeditious Approach to Knoevenagel Condensation of Meldrum′s Acid on Neutral Alumina Using Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Chakrabarty Manas , Mukherjee Ratna , Chakrabarty Manju , Arima Shiho , Harigaya Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alkylation of 2‐Butyl‐4,4‐dimethyl‐4H‐benzo[d][1,3]oxathiine‐1,1‐dioxide, a New Class of Acyl Anion Equivalents as an Alternative to Dithianes.
Authors: Boeckman Robert K. Jr. , Hanson Susan M. , Cody Jeremy A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Convenient Synthesis of 2‐Functionalized Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidines.
Authors: Zhang Yuchi , Kawashima Keisuke , Noguchi Michihiko 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Practical Synthesis of Azobenzenophanes.
Authors: Kang Hong‐Min , Kim Hee‐Yeon , Jung Jin‐Woo , Cho Cheon‐Gyu 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis and Moulting Activity of Integristerone A (I) and Analogues (II), (III).
Authors: Kumpun Saowanee , Yingyongnarongkul Boon‐ek , Lafont Rene , Girault Jean‐Pierre , Suksamrarn Apichart 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Glycosylation under Thermodynamic Control: Synthesis of the Di‐ and the Hexasaccharide Fragments of the O‐SP of Vibrio cholerae O:1 Serotype Ogawa from Fully Functionalized Building Blocks.
Authors: Adamo Roberto , Kovac Pavol 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Dihydrocorynantheol (IV) Using Bicyclo[3.2.1]octenone Chiral Building Block (I).
Authors: Tosaka Ayako , Ito Shinichiro , Miyazawa Norio , Shibuya Masatoshi , Ogasawara Kunio , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Concise and Versatile Synthesis of epi‐Malbrancheamide (VII) and Structurally Related Analogues
Authors: Valente Meriah W. N. , Williams Robert M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthetic Studies Toward Clavilactone A: A Concise Access to α,γ‐Substituted γ‐Butenolides by Metathesis.
Authors: Yasui Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Shun , Takao Ken‐ichi , Tadano Kin‐ichi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Combinatorial Computational Chemistry Approach for Materials Design: Applications in DeNOx Catalysis, Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis, Lanthanoid Complex, and Lithium Ion Secondary Battery.
Authors: Koyama Michihisa , Tsuboi Hideyuki , Endou Akira , Takaba Hiromitsu , Kubo Momoji , Del Carpio Carlos A. , Miyamoto Akira 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitutions.
Authors: Helmchen Guenter , Dahnz Axel , Duebon Pierre , Schelwies Mathies , Weihofen Robert 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Process Development of Micafungin, a Novel Lipopeptide Antifungal Agent
Authors: Ohigashi Atsushi , Watanabe Masaru , Mukuta Takashi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of Bioinformatic Tools to Support EST‐Sequencing, in silico‐ and Microarray‐Based Transcriptome Profiling in Mycorrhizal Symbioses
Authors: Kuester Helge , et al. et al. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nitrogen Transport in the Ectomycorrhiza Association: The Hebeloma cylindrosporom—Pinus pinaster Model
Authors: Mueller Tobias , Avolio Meghan , Olivi Martin , Benjdia Mariam , Rikirsch Enno , Kasaras Alexis , Fitz Michael , Chalot Michel , Wipf Daniel 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synaptotagmin I and II are present in distinct subsets of central synapses
Authors: Fox Michael A. , Sanes Joshua R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSynaptotagmin 1 and 2 (syt 1, syt 2) are synaptic vesicle‐associated membrane proteins that act as calcium sensors for fast neurotransmitter release from presynaptic nerve terminals. Here we show that widely used monoclonal antibodies, mab 48 and znp‐1, stain nerve terminals in multiple species and, in mouse, recognize syt 1 and syt 2, respectively. With these antibodies, we examined the synaptic localization of these synaptotagmin isoforms in the mouse central nervous system. Syt 1 and syt 2 are localized predominantly to different subsets of synapses in retina, hippocampus, cerebellum, and median nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB). In the MNTB, syt 1 and syt 2 are present in different presynaptic terminals on the same postsynaptic principal neuron. In retina, horizontal and OFF‐bipolar cell terminals contain syt 2, whereas most other terminals contain syt 1. Syt 1 localization in the immature retina resembles that seen in adult; however, syt 2 localization appears strikingly different at perinatal ages and continues to change dramatically prior to eye opening. For example, starburst amacrine cells, which lack syt 2 in adult retina, transiently express syt 2 during the first 2 postnatal weeks. In addition to differences in spatial and temporal distribution, species‐specific differences in synaptotagmin localization were observed in retina and cerebellum. The cell‐, temporal‐, and species‐specific expression of synaptotagmin isoforms suggests that each may have distinct functions in neurotransmitter release. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:280–296, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of a vomeronasal receptor gene (V1r) and G protein α subunits in goat, Capra hircus, olfactory receptor neurons
Authors: Wakabayashi Yoshihiro , Ohkura Satoshi , Okamura Hiroaki , Mori Yuji , Ichikawa Masumi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMost mammals have two distinct olfactory epithelia, the olfactory epithelium (OE) and vomeronasal epithelium (VNE), containing, respectively, olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and vomeronasal receptor neurons (VRNs). Olfactory receptors (ORs), which couple to Gαolf, are generally expressed by ORNs, whereas two vomeronasal receptor families (V1rs and V2rs) coupled respectively to Gαi2 and Gαo, are expressed by VRNs. Previously, we reported that one goat V1rs (gV1ra1) is expressed by ORNs and VRNs. To investigate the characteristics of vomeronasal‐receptor‐expressing ORNs in mammals we performed double‐label in situ hybridization for gV1ra1, Gαi2, Gαolf, olfactory marker protein (OMP), and growth association protein 43 (GAP43). Goat V1r‐expressing ORNs are categorized into two types situated in different areas of the epithelium. The first type of V1r‐expressing ORN coexpressed Gαi2, but not OMP or GAP43. The second type of V1r‐expressing ORN expresses Gαolf and OMP, but not Gαi2 or GAP43. These findings suggest that the two types of V1r‐expressing ORN in goat OE function using different G protein α subunits for chemoreception. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:371–380, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of cationic impurities on solubility and crystal growth processes of ammonium oxalate monohydrate: Role of formation of metal‐oxalate complexes
Authors: Sangwal K. , Mielniczek‐Brzóska E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe effect of different bi‐ and trivalent cationic impurities on the solubility of ammonium oxalate and the composition and distribution of chemical complexes formed in saturated ammonium oxalate aqueous solutions as a function of impurity concentration are investigated. The knowledge of the composition and stability of complexes formed in saturated aqueous solutions is then employed to explain the appearance of dead zones of supersaturation for growth and the difference in the effective segregation coefficient of the impurities. Analysis of the experimental results revealed that: (1) at a constant temperature, the dependence of concentration of complex species formed in saturated solutions on the concentration of different impurities can be described by an equation similar to that of the concentration dependence of density of solutions, (2) the dominant metal‐containing species present in saturated solutions are negatively‐charged, most stable oxalato complexes like Cu(C2O4)22−, Mn(C2O4)34−, Zn(C2O4)34−, Cr(C2O4)33− and Fe(C2O4)33−, (3) in the investigated range of impurity concentration, the solubility of ammonium oxalates increases linearly with the concentration of all impurities and the increase is associated with the stability of dominant complexes, (4) appearance of dead supersaturation zones in the presence of impurities is associated with instantaneous adsorption of all growth sites by dominant oxalato complexes in relatively short adsorption time, and (5) the segregation coefficient of an impurity cation M of charge z + increases with a decrease in the solubility product constant Ksp for the hydrolysis products of reactions of the type: Mz + ↔ M1(z −1)+ + H+ (where the cation M has z + charge, and H+ is hydrogen ion). (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical investigation of heat transport and fluid flow during the seeding process of oxide Czochralski crystal growth Part 1: non‐rotating seed
Authors: Tavakoli M. H. , Wilke H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFor the seeding process of oxide Czochralski crystal growth, the flow and temperature field of the system as well as the seed‐melt interface shape have been studied numerically using the finite element method. The configuration usually used initially in a real Czochralski crystal growth process consists of a crucible, active afterheater, induction coil with two parts, insulation, melt, gas and non‐rotating seed crystal. At first the volumetric distribution of heat inside the metal crucible and afterheater inducted by the RF coil was calculated. Using this heat source the fluid flow and temperature field were determined in the whole system. We have considered two cases with respect to the seed position: (1) before and (2) after seed touch with the melt. It was observed that in the case of no seed rotation (ωseed = 0), the flow pattern in the bulk melt consists of a single circulation of a slow moving fluid. In the gas domain, there are different types of flow motion related to different positions of the seed crystal. In the case of touched seed, the seed‐melt interface has a deep conic shape towards the melt. It was shown that an active afterheater and its location with respect to the crucible, influences markedly the temperature and flow field of the gas phase in the system and partly in the melt. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis, spectral and thermal properties of non‐linear optical crystal ZnMg(SCN)4
Authors: Bharathi Kannan R. , Chandramohan A. , Chandra Sekar J. , Kandhaswamy M. A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSingle crystals of zinc magnesium tetra thiocyanate [ZnMg(SCN)4], a bimetallic thiocyanate complex, were grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature. The bright, transparent and colourless crystals have well defined faces. The grown crystals were characterized through elemental analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), Fourier Transform Infra red (FTIR) and Optical studies. The elemental analysis confirms the stoichiometry of the synthesized crystals. The compound crystallizes under monoclinic structure with lattice parameters a = 10.055 Å, b = 7.44 Å, c = 6.00 Å and β = 90.113°. The TGA indicates 25 % weight loss at 205°C from which the decomposition pattern is formulated. The DSC study indicates that the crystal undergoes only first order phase transitions. The FTIR spectrum indicates among others the presence of metal‐nitrogen and metal‐sulphur bonds thus confirming the formation of the complex. The second harmonic‐generation (SHG) was confirmed by the emission of green radiation using Nd: YAG laser. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Micronization of the officinal component baicalin by SEDS‐PA process
Authors: He Wen Zhi , Suo Quan Ling , Li Yun Xia , Hong Hai Long , Li Guang Ming , Zhao Xiu Hua , Huang Yan Chun 
Published: May 2007

AbstractApplication of micronizing technologies in processing Chinese herbal medicines is very important to improve the forms of prepared Chinese herbal medicines and promote their therapeutic efficacy. Baicalin, a major active component of the typical Chinese herb medicine Scullateria baicallensis Georgi, was micronized using the Solution Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical fluids though Prefilming Atomization (SEDS‐PA) process with the aim of evaluating the efficiency of applying supercritical fluid precipitation technologies in Chinese herb medicine. This study has shown that acicula or rod‐like baicalin crystals with Particle Size (PS) of about 20×100 μm were successfully micronized by the SEDS‐PA process to long rod‐like, twisted fiber‐like or fibrous net‐like microparticles with PS of 0.1‐2.2 μm in width within the range of experiments performed. It was found that a substantial reduction of baicalin microparticles' sizes could lead to a marked increase of adhesions among them and subsequent microparticles agglomeration. With the increase of supercritical CO2 flow rate and the decrease of solution concentration and solution flow rate, smaller and much more agglomerated microparticles were obtained. Increasing pressure led to formation of smaller microparticles. A larger tendency of particles agglomeration was produced at a higher temperature. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of Four‐Membered Ring Spiro‐β‐lactams by Epoxide Ring‐Opening
Authors: Benfatti Fides , Cardillo Giuliana , Gentilucci Luca , Tolomelli Alessandra 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA variety of hydroxy epoxides have been obtained from well defined hydroxy‐alkenyl derivatives. Their subsequent intramolecular ring‐opening allowed unprecedented classes of spiro‐lactams to be obtained. The effect of the epoxide stereochemistry and of the reaction temperature on the regioselective formation of five‐ or four‐membered ring spiro derivatives was explored. This transformation is part of a program directed towards the synthesis of polyfunctionalized β‐lactams as cholesterol absorption inhibitors (CAIs). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Carboxymethyl chitosan‐coated capillary and its application in CE of proteins
Authors: Fu Xiaofang , Huang Ling , Gao Fei , Li Wei , Pang Nannan , Zhai Maolin , Liu Huwei , Wu Moutian 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA hydrophilic basic polysaccharide, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) as a capillary coating is presented with a simple preparation procedure. The CMC‐coated capillary showed a long lifetime of more than 100 runs, and had good tolerance to some organic solvents, 0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M NaOH, and 5 M urea. The run‐to‐run, day‐to‐day, and capillary‐to‐capillary RSDs for the CMC‐coated capillary were all below 2.0% for the determination of EOF. Moreover, the coatings with different concentrations and molecular weights of CMC were also investigated. The CMC‐coated capillary was successfully applied to separate basic proteins and recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO). Furthermore, several experimental parameters, such as the concentration and pH of the running buffer, temperature, and applied voltage, were optimized for the separation of rhEPO glycoforms. Comparison of an uncoated capillary with chitosan‐ and CMC‐coated capillaries for the separation of rhEPO glycoforms was also discussed. The results demonstrated that rhEPO glycoforms can be well separated by a CMC‐coated capillary within 8 min with good reproducibility and resolution. Finally, the volatile BGE HAc‐NH4Ac was utilized to separate rhEPO for its further application with CE‐MS, achieving a satisfactory result.
Subtoxic N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate delayed neuronal death in ischemic brain injury through TrkB receptor‐ and calmodulin‐mediated PI‐3K/Akt pathway activation
Authors: Xu Jing , Zhang Quan‐Guang , Li Chong , Zhang Guang‐Yi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that subtoxic NMDA moderated the neuronal survival in vitro and vivo. We performed this experiment to clarify the precise mechanism underlie subtoxic NMDA delayed neuronal death in ischemic brain injury. We found that pretreatment of NMDA (100 mg/kg) increased the number of the surviving CA1 pyramidal cells of hippocampus at 5 days of reperfusion. This dose of NMDA could also enhance Akt activation after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Here, we examined the possible mechanism that NMDA induced Akt activation. On the one hand, we found NMDA receptor‐mediated Akt activation was associated with increased expression of BDNF (brain‐derived neurotrophic factor) and activation of its high‐affinity receptor TrkB after I/R in the hippocampus CA1 region, which could be held down by TrkB receptor antagonist K252a. On the other hand, we found that NMDA enhanced the binding of Ca2+‐dependent calmodulin (CaM) to p85 (the regulation subunit of PI‐3K), which led to the activation of Akt. W‐13, an active CaM inhibitor, prevented the combination of CaM and p85 and subsequent Akt activation. Furthermore, NMDA receptor‐mediated Akt activation was reversed by combined treatment with LY294002, the specific blockade of PI‐3K. Taken together, our results suggested that subtoxic NMDA exerts the neuroprotective effect via activation of prosurvival PI‐3K/Akt pathway against ischemic brain injury, and BDNF‐TrkB signaling and Ca2+‐dependent CaM cascade might contribute to NMDA induced activation of PI‐3K/Akt pathway. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determinants of a merger in a publicly‐funded health system: A political‐economy perspective
Authors: Denis Jean‐Louis , Champagne François , Contandriopoulos André‐Pierre , Cazale Linda 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article reports the results of a case study, spanning a period of 10 years, of the merger of two hospitals in a publicly‐funded health system. A political economy model was used to analyse the determinants of the merger. Results show that external political economy factors, mainly pressure from the state to rationalize health services and the organization's needs to acquire critical resources, significantly contributed to the merger decision. At the internal political economy level, groups and individual strategies also played a determinant role. Our study suggests that merger in the public sector may not necessarily result from efficiency motives.
Managing externally‐assisted health projects for sustainability in developing countries
Authors: Stefanini Angelo , Ruck Nicola 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOne of the main problems related to donor‐supported health projects in the developing world is their lack of sustainability once external assistance has ended. Although ‘projectized development assistance’ is viewed by many as inappropriate to bring about development, projects are bound to remain for some time an important instrument of development assistance. Project managers, donor agencies and recipient countries need to be aware of the extent that their projects are likely to be sustained in the future and contribute to the viability of the whole health system. This article proposes a conceptual framework to monitor the performance of externally‐assisted health projects in building their own sustainability. Possible criteria and indicators are discussed.
Assessing prescribing practice: A tanzanian example
Authors: Gilson Lucy , Jaffar Shabbar , Mwankusye Samuel , Teuscher Thomas 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article presents the results of an assessment of prescribing practice, undertaken in the Morogoro region of Tanzania. As part of a wider evaluation of performance in primary level health units, retrospective data from patient registers and prospective data from observations of consultation practice were assessed using indicators proposed by the International Network of Rational Use of Drugs. Tanzanian prescribing practices compared favourably with other countries where studies using the same indicators have been undertaken. However, relatively high proportions of incorrect prescriptions were identified, with particular problems of under‐prescribing. Church units were also found to perform less well than government units against the indicators used; differences between the dispensary and health centre level were few. Actions to address the problems highlighted by this study include more careful monitoring and regulation of non‐government health care and identification of the root causes of under‐prescribing in government units. Review of prescribing practice using appropriate indicators is important in both cases, although also requiring wider regulatory action, health provider and patient education, and action to tackle the low morale of health workers.