bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Id2 promotes the invasive growth of MCF-7 and SKOV-3 cells by a novel mechanism independent of dimerization to basic helix-loop-helix factors
Authors: Meng Yuanguang , Gu Chenglei , Wu Zhiqiang , Zhao Yali , Si Yiling , Fu Xiaobing , Han Weidong 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
Inhibitor of differentiation 2 (Id2) is a critical factor for cell proliferation and differentiation in normal vertebrate development. Most of the biological function of Id2 has been ascribed to its helix-loop-helix motif. Overexpression of Id2 is frequently observed in various human tumors, but its role for invasion potential in tumor cells is dispute. We aimed to reveal the role of Id2 in invasion potential in poorly invasive and estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive MCF-7 and SKOV-3 cancer cells.

Methods
MCF-7 and SKOV-3 cells were stably transfected with the wild-type, degradation-resistant full-length or helix-loop-helix (HLH)-deleted Id2, respectively. Protein levels of Id2 and its mutants and E-cadherin were determined by western blot analysis and mRNA levels of Id2 and its mutants were determined by RT-PCR. The effects of Id2 and its mutants on cell proliferation were determined by [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay and the 3- [4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) dye method. The in vitro invasion potential of cells was evaluated by Transwell assay. Cell motility was assessed by scratch wound assay. The promoter activity of E-cadherin was determined by cotransfection and luciferase assays.

Results
Ectopic transfection of the wild-type Id2 markedly increased the protein and mRNA expression of Id2 in MCF-7 and SKOV-3 cells; the protein level but not mRNA level was further increased by transfection with the degradation-resistant Id2 form. The ectopic expression of Id2 or its mutants did not alter proliferation of either MCF-7 or SKOV-3 cells. Transfection of the wild-type Id2 significantly induced the invasion potential and migratory capacity of cells, which was further augmented by transfection with the degradation-resistant full-length or HLH-deleted Id2. E-cadherin protein expression and transactivation of the proximal E-cadherin promoter were markedly suppressed by the degradation-resistant full-length or HLH-deleted Id2 but not wild-type Id2. Ectopic expression of E-cadherin in MCF-7 and SKOV-3 cells only partially blunted the invasion potential induced by the degradation-resistant HLH-deleted Id2.

Conclusion
Overexpression of Id2 in ERα-positive epithelial tumor cells indeed increases the cells' invasive potential through a novel mechanism independent of dimerization to basic helix-loop-helix factors. E-cadherin contributes only in part to Id2-induced cell invasion when Id2 is accumulated to a higher level in some specific cell types.
Ultrafast and memory-efficient alignment of short DNA sequences to the human genome
Authors: Langmead Ben , Trapnell Cole , Pop Mihai , Salzberg Steven L 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBowtie is an ultrafast, memory-efficient alignment program for aligning short DNA sequence reads to large genomes. For the human genome, Burrows-Wheeler indexing allows Bowtie to align more than 25 million reads per CPU hour with a memory footprint of approximately 1.3 gigabytes. Bowtie extends previous Burrows-Wheeler techniques with a novel quality-aware backtracking algorithm that permits mismatches. Multiple processor cores can be used simultaneously to achieve even greater alignment speeds. Bowtie is open source http://bowtie.cbcb.umd.edu.
High Prevalence of Reduced Fecundity in Men with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Reisch Nicole , Flade Linda , Scherr Michael , Rottenkolber Marietta , Pedrosa Gil Francesco , Bidlingmaier Martin , Wolff Hans , Schwarz Hans-Peter , Quinkler Marcus , Beuschlein Felix , Reincke Martin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractContext: Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) are regarded to contribute to the high prevalence of subfertility in males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).Objectives: Our objectives were to evaluate reduced fecundity and its possible causes in well-controlled adult males with CAH, and to investigate diagnostic tools for improved treatment monitoring with respect to fertility outcomes.Design: In a cross-sectional study at the Department of Endocrinology at the University Hospital München, Germany, 22 adult male CAH patients (15 salt wasting and seven simple virilizing, age 19–48 yr) were clinically assessed according to their hormonal control. We performed testicular ultrasound (22 of 22), magnetic resonance imaging (18 of 22), and a semen analysis (19 of 22) in the participants.Results: All patients had a pathological semen analysis. TART prevalence was 10 of 22 (eight salt wasting, two simple virilizing). Poor therapy control was present in five patients, and all five had TARTs. Of the other 17 well-controlled patients with normal or suppressed adrenal androgens and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels, five presented with TARTs. There was a significant correlation between sperm concentration and functional testicular volume (r = 0.70; P = 0.002), TART volume (r = −0.70; P = 0.036), as well as inhibin B levels (r = 0.75; P &lt; 0.0001), respectively. In several men, hormonal control parameters suggested hypogonadism, with glucocorticoid overtreatment as a relevant factor for poor semen quality.Conclusions: Poor semen parameters are common in male CAH patients. TARTs, most likely reflecting undertreatment, as well as inhibin B are important indicators of fecundity. On the other hand, long-term glucocorticoid overtreatment also seems to contribute to low semen quality.
Evaluation of Potential Interaction Between Vinorelbine and Clarithromycin
Authors: Yano Ryoichi , Tani Daisuke , Watanabe Kyohei , Tsukamoto Hitoshi , Igarashi Toshiaki , Nakamura Toshiaki , Masada Mikio 
Published: March 2009

Background:Myelotoxicity, a major toxicity of vinorelbine, may be related to the degree of one's exposure to vinorelbine. In theory, clarithromycin has the potential to alter vinorelbine's pharmacokinetics by inhibiting CYP3A and/or P-glycoprotein; this may result in massive exposure to vinorelbine and severe toxicity. To date, macrolide–vinorelbine drug interactions have not been reported.Objective:To estimate the clinical risk of a interaction between vinorelbine and clarithromycin.Methods:In a retrospective cohort study, we searched computerized medical records of patients who had been administered vinorelbine in the University of Fukui Hospital. The study cohort was defined as all patients with non–small-cell lung cancer who received vinorelbine between May 30, 2003, and January 31, 2008. The treatment courses were classified according to whether or not clarithromycin was concomitantly administered with vinorelbine. Nadir neutrophil counts were recorded as the major outcomes. Vinorelbine–clarithromycin interaction was defined as a significant increase in the risk of severe neutropenia when the 2 drugs were administered concomitantly.Results:A total of 12 (63.2%) and 11 (27.5%) episodes of grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred among the patients who were and were not administered clarithromycin, respectively. The incidence of grade 4 neutropenia was higher in the group administered clarithromycin than in those who did not receive it (31.6% vs 2.5%; p = 0.0033). Vinorelbine dose, concomitant clarithromycin administration, and female sex were significantly correlated with severe neutropenia, with unadjusted odds ratios of 0.07 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.59), 4.52 (95% CI 1.41 to 14.45), and 4.55 (95% CI 1.39 to 14.29), respectively.Conclusions:Compared with patients who are administered vinorelbine alone, patients who are administered clarithromycin during chemotherapy with vinorelbine are at a higher risk for severe neutropenia. Physicians should educate their patients about this interaction. If possible, clarithromycin administration should be avoided in patients who will undergo chemotherapy with vinorelbine in the near future. However, further prospective pharmacokinetic studies are required to confirm this interaction.
Coronary Vasospasm and Atrial Fibrillation Associated with Ondansetron Therapy
Authors: Havrilla Pamela L , Kane-Gill Sandra L , Verrico Margaret M , Seybert Amy L , Reis Steven E 
Published: March 2009

Objective: To provide further evidence of cardiovascular adverse effects of ondansetron, including new-onset atrial fibrillation, ST segment elevation, and chest pain subsequent to ondansetron administration, and to review cardiovascular adverse events related to several 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists. Case Summary: A 51-year-old male with an uncomplicated past medical history was admitted for an elective inguinal hernia repair and septoplasty. His maintenance medications were discontinued prior to surgery. After a second 4-mg dose of intravenous ondansetron was administered, he developed nausea and diaphoresis. His electrocardiograph revealed new-onset atrial fibrillation and inferolateral ST segment elevation with ST segment alternans. During emergent cardiac catheterization, no obstructive coronary artery disease was evident. The patient's heart rhythm was electrically converted to normal sinus rhythm. During 3 years of follow-up, he has had no return of chest pain or hypotension. Discussion: Although considered a safe class of medications by many clinicians, several of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists have been associated with serious cardiovascular effects. Three case reports described cardiac dysrhythmias and 9 documented coronary vasospasm and chest pain, possibly resulting from ondansetron. This is the first reported case of a combination of hypotension, atrial fibrillation, ST segment elevation, and chest pain following ondansetron administration after elective surgery in a healthy adult male with a nonconfounding medication profile. The Naranjo probability scale indicated that ondansetron was the probable cause of these cardiovascular events. Conclusions: This case report supports the concern regarding cardiovascular adverse effects of ondansetron. Clinicians should be aware of cardiovascular adverse reactions that may be associated with intravenous ondansetron and monitor for electrocardiographic changes as indicated. Further investigation is needed to delineate the actual incidence of cardiovascular effects associated with ondansetron and whether the intravenous rate of administration is a contributing factor.
Modern Stone Cladding, Design and Installation of Exterior Dimension Stone Systems
Authors: Lewis MD 
Published: March 2009

Description
Shows you how to select, design, and install stone cladding systems for exterior walls. New engineering applications as well as recognized industry practices are explained extensively to help you make objective and rational decisions.
Section I, Introduction to Modern Stone Cladding and Section II, Precedents to Modern Stone Cladding discuss the history of stone as it evolved into modern thin, non-load bearing cladding.
Section III, Determining Responsible Design Values and Section IV, The Future of Stone outline a variable-based design procedure analogous to load-and-resistance factor design.
Section V, Guide Specification for Stone Systems advises owners, architects, engineers, and contractors about the specialty of modern stonework.
Manual on Coating and Lining Methods for Cooling Water Systems in Power Plants
Authors: Monday JC , Shugart TB , Tamayo JA 
Published: March 2009

Description
The only book of its kind to address coating technology specifically for power plant applications and their unique problems. This single volume contains the latest information on:
• Corrosion and erosion problems
• Remedies
• Inspection
• Testing
• Case histories
• Degradation of equipment
• Design tools to implement technology and test data
• Application of ASTM test methods and standards
• and New technology.
High Temperature and Environmental Effects on the Durability of Ti-6AI-4V/FM5 Adhesive Bonded System
Authors: Parvatareddy H , Pasricha A , Dillard DA , Holmes B , Dillard JG 
Published: March 2009

A fracture mechanics based approach using wedge and double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens is being used to evaluate the durability of a titanium/adhesive system. The adhesive used was a polyimide, developed by NASA Langley Research Center, modified and supplied by Cytec Engineered Materials, Inc., and designated as FM5. Prior to bonding, the adherend surfaces were pretreated by one of two surface pretreatments: phenylethynyl trimethyl silane or chromic acid anodization.
Samples were aged at one of three different temperatures, 150, 177, and 204°C, all of which are well below the (250°C) glass transition temperature (Tg) of the adhesive. Aging was also carried out in one of three different environments, ambient atmospheric air and reduced air pressures of 2 psi air (13.8 KPa) and 0.2 psi air (1.38 KPa), for several months. Samples aged for different times were then tested to evaluate both static and fatigue properties. Results obtained thus far indicate that the greatest loss in strength occurs after aging in air at the highest aging temperature of 204°C. Strain energy release rate G values obtained from the static DCB tests dropped by 10 to 20% after aging for periods of up to 6 months.
Solvent uptake tests were conducted on neat FM5 resin in several common organic solvents followed by tensile tests to evaluate both saturated and residual properties. Strain energy release rate values were also computed from wedge tests of samples immersed in the different solvents for several days. Results showed the FM5 resin to be quite solvent resistant.
Long-Term Isothermal Aging Effects on Carbon Fabric-Reinforced PMR-15 Composites: Compression Strength
Authors: Bowles KJ , Roberts GD , Kamvouris JE 
Published: March 2009

A study was conducted to determine the effects of long-term isothermal thermo-oxidative aging on the compressive properties of T-650-35 fabric reinforced PMR-15 composites. The temperatures that were studied were 204, 260, 288, 316, and 343°C. Specimens of different geometries were evaluated. Cut edge-to-surface ratios of 0.03 to 0.89 were fabricated and aged. Aging times extended to a period in excess of 15 000 h for the lower temperature runs.
The unaged and aged specimens were tested in compression in accordance with Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics (ASTM D 695). Both thin and thick (prism) specimens were tested. Three specimens were tested at each time/temperature/geometry condition. The failure modes appeared to be initiated by fiber kinking with longitudinal, interlaminar splitting.
In general, it appears that the thermo-oxidative degradation of the compression strength of the composite material may occur by both thermal (time-dependent) and oxidative (weight-loss) mechanisms. Both mechanisms appear to be specimen-thickness dependent.
A Novel Method for the Measurement of Noticeability of Package Information
Authors: Buckley P 
Published: March 2009

This paper presents a method that enables package design elements to be manipulated systematically while giving the graphic design quality of commmercially available products. The presentation method was developed to give the timing and exposure accuracy of tachistoscopic methods without the need for very brief exposure times.
Essentially, a commercially available package is photographed onto 35-mm slide film at a viewing distance of 600 mm, scanned into an Apple Macintosh, retouched using Adobe Photoshop—a graphic design/retouch program, and output to 35-mm slide film. Design variations are presented on a tachistoscope such that the time taken to detect the design element of interest is recorded in thousandths of a second.
This method has been used to investigate the effects of package information position, size and surround presence, and package size, shape, orientation, and package information load (or clutter) on the noticeability of food label health and nutrition claims (e.g., low fat, high fiber). The potential of this technique and variations on it as a cost-effective package information testing tool are numerous.
Effect of Crystalline and Magnetic Structure on Magnetomechanical Damping of Fe-Cr-Based Alloys
Authors: Chudakov IB , Golovin IS 
Published: March 2009

The results of magnetic and structural investigations of binary and complex alloyed iron-chromium (Fe-Cr)-based high-damping alloys (HDA) have been generalized on the basis of recent data obtained with the authors' participation. Alloys have been tested in the high damping state as well as in the state with a strongly suppressed intrinsic damping capacity. An internal friction method, different mechanical tests, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray scattering, diffraction and refraction of neutrons in the range of small angles, magnetic hysteresis loops, and magnetostriction investigations have all been used. The combination of the last three methods allows us to reveal information concerning magnetic domain structure in the bulk samples. Relaxation and hysteresis internal friction effects in applied magnetic fields allow us to obtain information about interstitial redistributions and dislocation mobility. The increase of annealing temperature of cold-worked alloys leads to the nonmonotonic increase of damping capacity due to magnetomechanical damping (MMD). Simultaneously, a strong structural modification as well as modifications of the magnetic domain structure take place. For a reasonable interpretation of the high intrinsic damping capacity, both aforementioned structures have to be considered.
The magnetic domain structure of Fe-Cr HDAs fundamentally differs in the high damping state and after heat treatment which decreases damping capacity. A good correlation between average magnetic domain size in the bulk of material (obtained by the neutron refraction method) and the specific damping capacity (Ψ) has been obtained. This correlation represents a maximum for Ψ in the average domain size of about 8 μm for different binary and additionally alloyed Fe-Cr alloys. This domain structure may be realized for various alloys with the help of different heat treatments. Therefore the damping capacity of Fe-Cr-based alloys fundamentally depends on the type and parameters of the magnetic domain structure and its interaction with crystalline lattice imperfections in an applied stress.
Amplitude-Dependent Damping in YBCO Ceramics Between 6.5 K and 290 K
Authors: Kardashev BK , Golyandin SN , Kustov SB , Nikanorov SP , Devos P , Cornelis J , De Batist R 
Published: March 2009

Nonlinear acoustic effects in yttrium-barium-copper-oxygen (YBCO) ceramics with different grain sizes were investigated by means of the piezoelectric ultrasonic composite oscillator technique (PUCOT) at frequencies of about 100 kHz, corresponding to longitudinal resonance vibration. It has been shown that the acoustic parameters (decrement and resonance frequency) exhibit hysteretic behavior at temperatures in the range between 6.5 K and 290 K. Irreversible changes occurring in these acoustic parameters during measurements of their amplitude dependence at 6.5 K were found to disappear as a result of thermal annealing at 65 K. Furthermore, an unusual crossover behavior in the amplitude dependent damping curves obtained at low temperatures has been observed for the first time. This crossover effect depends strongly on grain size and disappears at temperatures above 100 K; it has never been, so far, observed at room temperature. It appears that the crossover effect is related to an unusual time dependence of the nonlinear damping: at high vibration amplitudes, the decrement decreases, simultaneously with a decrease of the resonance frequency, that is, an increase of the Young's modulus defect. This observation can be understood by considering separately the effects of high-amplitude vibration on the acoustic parameters at both low and high strain amplitude.
Analysis of the results suggests that the hysteretic phenomena observed in YBCO ceramics may be ascribed to crystal dislocations vibrating in the internal stress fields of various types of point defects, some of which remain mobile down to liquid helium temperature. High-amplitude excitation introduces (quasi-permanent) changes in the microstructure, that is, in the dislocation-pinning point configuration, which are responsible for the enhanced dissipation of mechanical energy and thus for the crossover effect.
Finally, some preliminary results of magnetomechanical measurements are presented, demonstrating the usefulness of the PUCOT for studying the relationship between the magnetic properties and the stress-induced structural modifications occurring in YBCO ceramics.
Amplitude-Dependent Material Damping—Old Beliefs and New Facts: Working Toward a Synthesizing Model
Authors: Gelli D , Olzi E 
Published: March 2009

A study is underway to achieve a reasonably general model for amplitude-dependent material damping. This paper illustrates the conclusions we have reached so far.
Conventional, firmly held convictions, not corroborated by subsequently produced experimental evidence, are listed and discussed. The main phenomenological features of the experimental results and the aspects common to many instances are briefly outlined. Interesting similarities between dislocation damping and other damping sources are pointed out. A line of interpretation of the updated phenomenology in the framework of a “moties-pinners” model is suggested. The prospect of an “equivalent pinned string” of a generic moty is also advanced. Lastly, some fractal features of the amplitude-dependent damping are cited.
Manufacturing Quality Control and Specification Criteria for Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Authors: von Maubeuge KP 
Published: March 2009

Geosynthetic clay liner (GCLs) combine geological materials with synthetic fabrics and require a new approach to conformance and quality control testing. GCLs have been used in various sealing applications over the last 10 years and have found an increased use in landfill applications. Therefore during the June 1993 ASTM meetings, a GCL subcommittee, D 35.04 was created with Mr. Larry Well of CH2M Hill, Portland, OR. serving as subcommittee chairman. The subcommittee comprises 6 task groups: • Physical properties • Manufacturing quality control and assurance (MQC/MQA), • Logistics, • Endurance, • Hydraulic properties, and • Mechanical properties.
As an example, the Manufacturing QC/QA task group has currently developed a standard of practice for manufacturing quality control of GCLs, and methods for determining a swell index value for clay and the fluid loss of the clays. A standard for manufacturing quality assurance is currently in development.
In the past quality control and quality assurance programs were developed by various manufacturers resulting in QC/QA programs which benefit the manufacturers products and not necessarily the project requirements. Another problem is the fact that the construction quality control and quality assurance (CQC/CQA) plan is often written in isolation by different people from those writing the MQC plan [1]. This paper will discuss the state-of-the-art of quality control and quality assurance for GCL testing to help to maximize GCL performance.
Evaluation of the Lubrication Properties of Biodegradable Fluids and Their Potential to Replace Mineral Oil in Heavily Loaded Hydrostatic Transmissions
Authors: Feldmann DG , Hinrichs J 
Published: March 2009

Increasing public interest in the environmental impact of technical machinery has led to the development of new hydraulic fluids. In case of leakage these fluids pose less of an environmental threat than mineral oil, because they degrade faster and are less toxic or non-toxic.
The following paper describes method and results of laboratory tests with these new, so called biodegradable fluids, in a hydrostatic transmission on a flywheel restrig under high load conditions.