bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncontested space
Authors: O'Mahony Barry 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal insights into the relationship between migrant communities and the hospitality industry by examining the case study of Irish migrants into nineteenth century Victoria in Australia.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides examples of the pattern of engagement with the hospitality industry as well as individual and family stories that highlight how hotel‐keeping and the service of alcohol in Melbourne and regional Victoria in the mid‐to‐late 1800s, was a key element in social improvement and mobility of Irish migrants at that time.FindingsAlthough the relationship between the English and the Irish in the nineteenth century could be classified as difficult, the tensions that characterised Anglo‐Irish relations in a European context were remarkably absent in colonial Australia. This paper describes how conditions in the colonies when the majority of Irish migrants arrived allowed them to use the hospitality industry to improve their social standing and to consolidate their position in Australian society.Research limitations/implicationsMigration presents an interesting interface between host communities and guest migrants, which go to the heart of hospitality. In addition, this case study suggests there are some interesting avenues to be followed by exploring cases of other migrant communities both in their relationships with hosts, but also in the opportunities offered by the hospitality industry for opportunities denied to migrants in wider community.Practical implicationsThe opportunities offered to migrants in the hospitality industry can provide a useful means of engagement for migrants into host communities through employment, and more importantly through the cultural interface allowed through hospitality enterprises whereby the migrant as guest acts as host to host community members in hospitality entrepreneurship.Originality/valueThe paper has value to both practitioners and academics because it provides an example of migrant experiences and the opportunities presented by the hospitality industry for employment, entrepreneurship and ultimately community integration.
Consumer participation in commercial hospitality
Authors: Lugosi Peter 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThis paper examines customers' participation in the production of commercial hospitality. Drawing on a study of queer consumers (i.e. lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender individuals), the paper considers the ways in which frequently circulated understandings, or myths, shaped consumers' actions. The case study is used to highlight previously under examined dimensions of participation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on an ethnographic study of bar culture. The principal method of data collection was participant observation, which involved working at one venue for 27 months, as well as social visits throughout a five‐year period. Participant observation was complemented by semi‐structured interviews with 26 informants, 19 of whom were interviewed repeatedly during the research.FindingsThe paper suggests that three myths were evident in consumers' behavior: commonality, mutual safety, and the opportunities for liberated, playful consumption. Focusing on two particular aspects of participation: performative display and frontline labor, the paper discusses the ways in which these myths influenced patrons' actions.Research limitations/implicationsThe study suggests that an examination of the cultural dimensions of patronage provides crucial insights into consumer participation. The results will be relevant to social scientists and management academics seeking to understand the relationship between shared interest and identity, consumption, and the production of hospitable spaces.Originality/valueThis study provides a new understanding of both the nature of and motivations for consumer participation. This challenges existing approaches, which have tended to focus narrowly on the managerial aspects of participation in the service sector.
Communities and social enterprises in the age of globalization
Authors: Berkes Fikret , Davidson‐Hunt Iain J. 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThe goal of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework to understand the processes by which rural communities are using commons‐based social enterprises to engage global actors and forge local places.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a four‐step conceptualization of commons‐based social enterprises within a complex world: deal with communities as complex systems embedded in larger complex systems, understand cross‐scale linkages between communities and other levels of organization, identify drivers of change, and build adaptive capacity to increase the resilience of communities in the face of globalization. The paper draws upon an international set of cases undertaken by the Centre for Community‐based Resource Management to illustrate each step.FindingsSocial enterprises are one means by which rural communities are negotiating with global actors through recent processes of globalization. The social enterprise provides a mechanism for rural people to secure tenure for common‐pool resources and allows them to make direct decisions regarding their management.Research limitations/implicationsTo further develop the understanding of commons‐based social enterprises will require further integration of theory regarding commons and social enterprises.Practical implicationsStates and development agencies lack enabling policies for commons‐based social enterprises that support the multiple goal strategies of rural communities for natural resources.Originality/valueCommons and social enterprise literature have tended to exist in separate domains and this paper makes a first step toward their integration.
Walking a tightrope between artistry and entrepreneurship
Authors: Berglund Karin , Dahlin Maria , Johansson Anders W. 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to challenge a traditional image of the content of entrepreneurship, which is associated with creativity, identity and discovery recognition.Design/methodology/approachA narrative approach is used in telling the story about the artist/entrepreneur Mikael Genberg. The story is based on interviews, newspaper material and observations. Taking this story as the point of departure, an alternative image of entrepreneurship is suggested.FindingsFirst, from a traditional Schumpeterian perspective Genberg could be portrayed as a good example of a hero entrepreneur, an archetype of the creative artist/entrepreneur. Instead Genberg in this paper is described in terms of a creative imitator. Second, the Schumpeterian “hero entrepreneur” is associated with a fixed and strong identity. This picture is challenged and replaced by a demonstration of how double or multiple identities are used in legitimizing work which is argued to be more illustrative to the content of entrepreneurship than finding the true identity of the hero entrepreneur. Third, discovery recognition from a traditional perspective is attributed to the individual, while in this case opportunity creation signifies the process of making discoveries collectively shared.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is exploratory and based on a single case, while the results cannot be taken as generalizations. Instead an alternative understanding of the content of entrepreneurship is illustrated.Originality/valueThe value of this study is the demonstration of an alternative image of the content of entrepreneurship.
Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling tick [Riphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus] resistance on bovine chromosomes 5, 7 and 14
Authors: Gasparin G. , Miyata M. , Coutinho L. L. , Martinez M. L. , Teodoro R. L. , Furlong J. , Machado M. A. , Silva M. V. G. B. , Sonstegard T. S. , Regitano L. C. A. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryDifferences in domestication and selection processes have contributed to considerable phenotypic and genotypic differences between Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle breeds. Of particular interest in tropical and subtropical production environments are those genetic differences between subspecies that underlie the phenotypic extremes in tolerance and susceptibility to parasite infection. In general, B. taurus cattle are more susceptible to ectoparasites than B. indicus cattle in tropical environments, and much of this difference is under genetic control. To identify genomic regions involved in tick resistance, we developed a B. taurus × B. indicus F2 experimental population to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to the Riphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick. About 300 individuals were measured for parasite load in two seasons (rainy and dry) and genotyped for 23 microsatellite markers covering chromosomes 5, 7 and 14. We mapped a suggestive chromosome‐wide QTL for tick load in the rainy season (P < 0.05) on chromosome 5. For the dry season, suggestive (P < 0.10) chromosome‐wide QTL were mapped on chromosomes 7 and 14. The additive effect of the QTL on chromosome 14 corresponds to 3.18% of the total observed phenotypic variance. Our QTL‐mapping study has identified different genomic regions controlling tick resistance; these QTL were dependent upon the season in which the ticks were counted, suggesting that the QTL in question may depend on environmental factors.
Non‐resident motherhood: managing a threatened identity
Authors: Kielty Sandra 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTDrawing upon a narrative study investigating the personal experience of 20 non‐resident mothers in the UK, the paper discusses how the atypical nature of their situation poses a potential threat to women's identity at both the personal and the social level. It is argued that more constructive adjustment is linked to women's ability to maintain a positive view of themselves as a ‘good’ mother in spite of their non‐resident status and that providing opportunities for women to ‘tell their story’ may be helpful in this respect. In addition to the cathartic effect of openly sharing an atypical mothering experience and defending against negative social judgements, exploring narratives can open up space, creating opportunities for new meanings and possibilities to emerge.
Insulin sensitivity, proinflammatory markers and adiponectin in young males with different subtypes of depressive disorder
Authors: Hung Yi‐Jen , Hsieh Chang‐Hsun , Chen Yu‐Jun , Pei Dee , Kuo Shi‐Wen , Shen Der‐Chung , Sheu Wayne Huey‐Herng , Chen Yi‐Chyan 
Published: August 2007

SummaryObjective  This study was designed to evaluate insulin sensitivity, proinflammatory markers and adiponectin concentration in young males with different subtypes of depressive disorder.Methods  Nonobese young males with depressive disorder (ages between 18 years and 30 years; body mass index, BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2) were recruited and divided into reactive depression (RD, N = 14), major depression (MD, N = 21) and bipolar depression (BD, N = 15) based on clinical course and symptom changes in Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAM‐D). Fourteen age‐ and BMI‐matched healthy males were enrolled as controls. All of the participants received a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Insulin sensitivity and β‐cell function were calculated by minimal model method from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Plasma C‐reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were determined.Results  Compared to the controls, insulin sensitivity (SI) were significantly lower in MD and BD (0·78 ± 0·09 min−1/pmol and 0·75 ± 0·09 min−1/pmol vs. 1·09 ± 0·08 × 10−5 min−1/pmol, P < 0·05, respectively). Acute insulin response (AIR) to intravenous glucose was elevated in BD as compared to control and RD groups (6079·9 ± 841·8 pmol vs. 3339·8 ± 356·4 pmol and 3494·8 ± 337·7 pmol, P < 0·05, respectively). Plasma adiponectin level was diminished in BD group as compared to the control and RD groups (7·41 ± 0·45 µg/ml vs. 9·07 ± 0·54 µg/ml and 9·38 ± 0·46 µg/ml; P < 0·05 and P < 0·01, respectively). By regression analysis, a significantly negative correlation between HAM‐D score and SI was found in MD (r = –0·60, P = 0·005) and BD groups (r = –0·57, P = 0·04).Conclusions  The results suggest that there is an inverse relationship between both major and bipolar depression and insulin resistance in nonobese young males.
Host preferences in a phonotactic parasitoid of field crickets: the relative importance of host song characters
Authors: WAGNER WILLIAM E. , BASOLO ALEXANDRA L. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract1. Predators, including insect parasitoids, often eavesdrop on prey signals, and as a result, predation can have important effects on the evolution of prey signalling behaviour.2. The phonotactic parasitoid fly,Ormia ochracea, uses the calling songs of male field crickets to locate their field crickets hosts. In the western USA, this fly parasitises the variable field cricket,Gryllus lineaticeps. Previous work with one fly population suggested that female flies, like female field crickets, preferentially orient to male songs with higher chirp rates and longer chirp durations, although a limited range of male song types was used in this previous study. The current study, with a different fly population, used field‐based, two‐speaker choice tests to examine: (1) the effect of male chirp rate and chirp duration on fly attraction, using a natural range of song types; and (2) the relative importance of these song types in host selection by the flies.3. Three lines of evidence suggested that chirp rate is more important than chirp duration in host selection. (a) The flies consistently preferred higher chirp rates but only sometimes preferred longer chirp durations. (b) The flies consistently preferred higher chirp rate/shorter chirp duration songs to lower chirp rate/longer chirp duration songs. (c) Preferences for longer chirp durations could be eliminated by increasing the amplitude of the less attractive song type, while preferences for higher chirp rates could only sometimes be eliminated by increasing the amplitude of the less attractive song type.4. Fly predation may favour lower chirp rates and shorter chirp durations inG. lineaticeps, and may have resulted in stronger selection on chirp rate than on chirp duration.
Thrips see red – flower colour and the host relationships of a polyphagous anthophilic thrips
Authors: YAKU A. , WALTER G. H. , NAJAR‐RODRIGUEZ A. J. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract1. The common blossom thrips,Frankliniella schultzei, is a polyphagous anthophilic species that colonises a wide range of host‐plant species across different plant taxa. The environmental cues used by these polyphagous insects to recognise and locate host plants are not known. We therefore determined if colour is an important environmental signal used byF. schultzeito recognise flowers of eight of its more significant host‐plant species.2. The effect of flower colour on the colonisation of different host plant species byF. schultzeiwas investigated by collecting and analysing the following: (a) numbers of thrips from different heights and aspects of the primary host plantMalvaviscus arboreus, (b) thrips distribution within flowers ofHibiscus rosasinensis, (c) colour reflectance from flowers of eight different host‐plant species, and (d) reflectance from different coloured sticky traps and the number of thrips trapped on them at different times of the day and on different dates.3. The results indicate that: (a) the thrips (both sexes) concentrate towards the top of the primary host plantM. arboreusand are not distributed differentially according to sunny or shady aspect of the plant, (b) the number of female thrips onH. rosasinensiswas higher in anthers compared to petals (corolla) and the basal parts of the flower, and males were as numerous on the petals as were females, and (c) there is a common floral reflectance pattern (but with different intensities) across the eight host plant species, mainly in the red part of the spectrum (600–700 nm).4. Results of colour sticky trapping show that red attracts more female thrips compared to any other colour and that most were caught between 09.00 and 11.00 hours. By contrast, more male thrips were trapped between 07.00 and 09.00 hours. Males were more evenly distributed across the different colours but the highest numbers were associated with the yellow traps.5. The higher densities of thrips at the top of their host plant may be related to the early morning (07.00–11.00 hours) activity of the thrips, when the top portions of the plant are more exposed to sunlight. The sex‐related distributions ofF. schultzeithrips across time, coloured sticky traps, and various parts of the flowers seem to be related to mating swarm formation by the males, on the one hand, and the relative frequency and intensity of the use ofM. arboreusby the females, on the other, as a feeding and oviposition site.Frankliniella schultzeifemales respond more strongly to red than to any other colours, so it is predicted that the spectral properties of colour recognition by this species will correlate with the predominant red reflectance of its primary host,M. arboreus, and that there may well be a sex‐related difference in colour recognition within this species.
A laboratory study of seismic velocity and attenuation anisotropy in near‐surface sedimentary rocks
Authors: Best Angus I. , Sothcott Jeremy , McCann Clive 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTThe laboratory ultrasonic pulse‐echo method was used to collect accurate P‐ and S‐wave velocity (±0.3%) and attenuation (±10%) data at differential pressures of 5–50 MPa on water‐saturated core samples of sandstone, limestone and siltstone that were cut parallel and perpendicular to the vertical borehole axis. The results, when expressed in terms of the P‐ and S‐wave velocity and attenuation anisotropy parameters for weakly transversely isotropic media (ɛ, γ, ɛQ, γQ) show complex variations with pressure and lithology. In general, attenuation anisotropy is stronger and more sensitive to pressure changes than velocity anisotropy, regardless of lithology. Anisotropy is greatest (over 20% for velocity, over 70% for attenuation) in rocks with visible clay/organic matter laminations in hand specimens. Pressure sensitivities are attributed to the opening of microcracks with decreasing pressure. Changes in magnitude of velocity and attenuation anisotropy with effective pressure show similar trends, although they can show different signs (positive or negative values of ɛ, ɛQ, γ, γQ). We conclude that attenuation anisotropy in particular could prove useful to seismic monitoring of reservoir pressure changes if frequency‐dependent effects can be quantified and modelled.
Seismic attenuation in porous rocks with random patchy saturation
Authors: Toms J. , Müller T. M. , Gurevich B. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSaturation of porous rocks with a mixture of two fluids has a substantial effect on seismic‐wave propagation. In particular, partial saturation causes significant attenuation and dispersion of the propagating waves due to the mechanism of wave‐induced fluid‐flow. Such flow arises when a passing wave induces different fluid pressures in regions of rock saturated by different fluids. Most models of attenuation and dispersion due to mesoscopic heterogeneities imply that fluid heterogeneities are distributed in a regular way. However, recent experimental studies show that mesoscopic heterogeneities have less idealized distributions and that the distribution itself affects attenuation and dispersion. Based on an approximation for the coherent wavefield in random porous media, we develop a model which assumes a continuous distribution of fluid heterogeneities. As this continuous random media approach assumes that there will be a distribution of different patch sizes, it is expected to be better suited to modelling experimental data. We also show how to relate the random functions to experimentally measurable parameters.
Modelling and analysis of attenuation anisotropy in multi‐azimuth VSP data from the Clair field
Authors: Maultzsch Sonja , Chapman Mark , Liu Enru , Li Xiang‐Yang 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTAnisotropic variations in attenuation are of interest since they can give information on the fracture system and may be more amenable to measurement than absolute attenuation values. We examine methods for detecting changes in relative attenuation with azimuth from VSP data, and validate the techniques on synthetic data. Analysis of a multi‐azimuth walkaway VSP data set from a fractured hydrocarbon reservoir indicates that such azimuthal variations in P‐wave attenuation are observable. The effects are localized in the reservoir, and analysis allows the prediction of a fracture strike direction, which agrees with geological information. The observed effects can be modelled under reasonable assumptions, which suggests the validity of the link between the anisotropic attenuation and the fracturing.
Stratigraphic filtering and source penetration depth
Authors: Van Der Baan Mirko , Wookey James , Smit Dirk 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSeismic exploration underneath highly heterogeneous layers such as basalt flows is possible by lowering the principal source frequency. Unfortunately this also reduces resolution. Wave‐localization theory is a multiple scattering theory that can be used to study stratigraphic filtering in chaotic lithologies. It predicts the apparent attenuation due to scattering of a plane wave traversing a layer with high velocity fluctuations. It can therefore predict the optimum principle source frequency in the trade‐off between loss of resolution and increased penetration depth. We show how this can be done with the help of a few statistical parameters derived from a well‐log analysis; namely, the average background velocity, the expected standard deviation in the velocity fluctuations, the typical scale length of the heterogeneities and the thickness of the basalt layer. In the likely situation that no local well logs exist, a multitude of scenarios can easily be examined at low cost.
Extension of White's layered model to the full frequency range
Authors: Vogelaar Bouko , Smeulders David 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTThe low‐frequency theory of the White model to predict the dispersion and intrinsic attenuation in a single porous skeleton saturated with periodic layers of two immiscible fluids is extended to the full frequency range using the Biot theory. The extension is similar to the Dutta–Odé model for spherical inhomogeneities. Below the layer resonance frequency, the acoustic bulk properties for several gas–water fractions are in good agreement with the original White model. Deviations start to occur at higher frequencies due to the growing importance of resonance phenomena that were neglected in the original White model. The full model predicts significantly higher damping at sonic frequencies than the original White model. We also show that attenuation is significantly dependent on porosity variations. With realistic rock and fluid properties, a maximum attenuation of about 0.3 is found at seismic frequencies.