bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seven New Sesquiterpene Lactones from Eupatorium chinense
Authors: Yang Sheng‐Ping , Cheng Jia‐Gao , Huo Jun , Jiang Hua‐Liang , Chen Kai‐Xian , Yue Jian‐Min 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSeven new sesquiterpenoids, namely eupatochinilides I–VII (1–7), together with eight known compounds, euponin (8), mollisorin A (9), niveusin B (10), 8β‐(4′,‐acetoxy‐tiglyloxy)‐3β ‐hydroxy‐6Hβ,7Hα‐germacra‐1(10)E,4E,11(13)‐trien‐6,12‐olide (11), eupalinilide B (12), 8β‐(4′‐hydroxytigloyloxy)‐5‐desoxy‐8‐desacyleuparotin (13), 3‐deacetyeupalinin A (14), and 15‐hydroxyleptocarpin (15), were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Eupatorium chinense L. Their structures and stereochemistry were established by spectroscopic methods and GIAO based 13C NMR chemical shift calculations.
An Insight of S‐Nitrosylation of Human GIF
Authors: Teng Xin‐Chen , Zheng Qi , Cai Bin , Ni Feng‐Yun , Xie Yi , Sun Hong‐Zhe , Zhang Ming‐Jie , Huang Zhong‐Xian 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNeural growth inhibitory factor (GIF), a member of metallothionein family (metallothionein‐3, MT3), was well known by its distinct neural growth inhibitory activity, which is not shown by other MT isoforms. However, till now, people still did not know clearly how GIF exerts its biological functions. Since it has been reported that GIF might serve as NO scavenger and was related to the release of zinc, our study was focused on the interaction of GIF and NO. By studying the reactions of human GIF and human MT1g with SNOC–a type of NO donor, it was found that GIF was more reactive than MT‐1g toward SNOC. In order to further figure out if the high reactivity of GIF in this reaction resulted from the acid‐base catalysis, several mutants were constructed: E23K, E41G/E43A, E23K/E41G/E43A. By studying their basic properties and the reactions toward SNOC, it was found that the S‐nitrosylation of GIF was not only related to the acid‐base catalysis, but also to the accessibility of metal‐thiolate clusters.
Deaggregation Behavior of the Phenol Derivatives
Authors: Xiao Qin , Chen Jian , Yang Hui , Shen Zheng‐Wu , Zhou Xiu‐Jia , Yang Fan , Ji Guo‐Zhen 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAggregation and deaggregation behaviors of the phenol derivatives with a branched hydrocarbon chain have been studied in the CH3OH and buffer solution. Combination with the aggregation number measurement and the cell adhesion experiment, the structure effect on the deaggregating abilities of the target molecules are discussed. The results indicate that 2‐phytyl‐4‐methoxylphenol (11) is the most effective deaggregator in the system studied.
Conversion of N‐Acyl‐4‐phenyl/benzyl‐oxazolidine‐2‐thiones into Thiol Esters in the Presence of EtSH‐K2CO3
Authors: Hu Qi , Sun Ya‐Ping , Wu Yi‐Kang 
Published: November 2005

AbstractN‐Acyl‐β‐hydroxy‐4‐phenyl‐oxazolidinethiones could be rapidly converted into their ethyl thiol esters in high yields by treatment with EtSH at 0 °C in CH3CN or 9:1 (V:V) THF‐H2O in the presence of a catalytic amount of K2CO3.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel C‐Disaccharides via Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Li Xiao‐Liu , Xu Xiao‐Ming , Tian Jun , Li Ying‐Xia 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNovel β‐C‐disaccharides containing a three carbon linkage using exo‐glycal as the precursor were prepared stereoselectively. The synthesis was achieved by the tandem reactions of the stereoselective hydroboration of exo‐glycal and Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction with an iodovinyl sugar, and followed by hydrogenated deprotection under the catalysis of Pd(OH)2/C.
Microencapsulation of Fish Oil by Simple Coacervation of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose
Authors: Wu Ke‐Gang , Xiao Qin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTo improve the oxidative stability and application of fish oil, it was microencapsulated by simple coacervation followed by spray drying. Simple coacervation took place by adding malt dextrin into the emulsion of fish oil and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution. Influences of several process parameters on the microencapsulation were evaluated and the oxidative stability and microstructure of microcapsules were analyzed. Results showed that the coacervation could be observed only when dextrose equivalent value (DE value) of malt dextrin, concentration of HPMC solution and fish oil percentage in microcapsules were no more than 20, 5% and 40%, respectively. Moreover, microencapsulation efficiency was higher at HPMC solution concentration of 4% and fish oil percentage of less than 30%. The oxidative stability of fish oil was improved by the microencapsulation and done best in the case of replacing malt dextrin by 40% with acacia. Scanning electronic microscopic photographs showed that the microcapsule obtained was a round, smooth and hollow microcapsule with its wall made up of innumerable small and solid submicrocapsules with the core of fish oil.
Current Developments in HIV Chemotherapy
Authors: Meadows D. Christopher , Gervay‐Hague Jacquelyn 
Published: November 2005

AbstractHIV infection is the leading cause of death worldwide and despite major advances in treatment, more new cases were diagnosed in 2004 than any previous year. Current treatment regimens are based on the use of two or more drugs from two or more classes of inhibitors termed highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Although HAART is capable of suppressing viral loads to undetectable levels, problems of toxicity, patient adherence, and particularly the emergence of drug‐resistant viruses continues to spur the development of new chemotherapeutics to combat HIV. Clinical candidates from the four existing classes of inhibitors are presented in this review along with lead compounds against new viral targets, with special emphasis on HIV integrase.
Relations between social status and the gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone system in females of two cooperatively breeding species of African mole‐rats, Cryptomys hottentotus hottentotus and Cryptomys hottentotus pretoriae: Neuroanatomical and neuroendocrinological studies
Authors: Du Toit Lydia , Bennett Nigel C. , Katz Arieh A. , Kalló Imre , Coen Clive W. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn common (Cryptomys hottentotus hottentotus) and highveld (Cryptomys hottentotus pretoriae) mole‐rats, reproduction is subject to two forms of regulation in addition to incest avoidance. These are the only social bathyergids known to restrict breeding to a particular season; furthermore, subordinate members of their colonies show suppressed reproduction throughout the year. Females from both species were assessed and compared for social and seasonal effects on the gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) system. GnRH‐immunoreactive (ir) structures were visualized immunohistochemically; GnRH content was determined by radioimmunoassay. In both species, GnRH‐ir cell bodies and processes are loosely distributed along the septopreopticoinfundibular continuum, with dense fiber aggregations in the region of the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and median eminence. The two species differ in the rostrocaudal distribution of their GnRH‐ir cell bodies. In highveld mole‐rats, most of these cells are in the septal/preoptic area; in common mole‐rats, more than half of them are in the mediobasal hypothalamus. Compared with common mole‐rats, highveld mole‐rats have a greater total number of GnRH‐ir cell bodies, higher GnRH content, and more intense GnRH immunoreactivity in the median eminence. Within highveld colonies, the nonreproductive females have larger GnRH‐ir cell bodies, more intense GnRH immunoreactivity in the median eminence, and higher GnRH content than the reproductive females; these findings suggest inhibited release of GnRH in the nonreproductive, subordinate females. In contrast, in common mole‐rat females, neither status nor season appears to affect the investigated parameters of the GnRH system; this suggests a predominantly behavioral basis to their suppressed reproduction. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:303–313, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synaptic connectivity in the midget‐parvocellular pathway of primate central retina
Authors: Jusuf Patricia R. , Martin Paul R. , Grünert Ulrike 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe synaptic connectivity of OFF midget bipolar cells was investigated in the central retina of two primate species, the New World common marmoset monkey, Callithrix jacchus, and the Old World macaque monkey, Macaca fascicularis. In marmosets, dichromatic and trichromatic animals were compared. Bipolar output synapses were identified with antibodies against ribbon proteins (kinesin, C‐terminal binding protein 2) or with an antiserum that recognizes postsynaptic glutamate receptor clusters (GluR4). The midget bipolar cells were identified immunocytochemically with antibodies to CD15 (marmoset) or an antiserum to recoverin (macaque). In marmosets, midget ganglion cells were retrogradely labeled from the parvocellular layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Consistent with previous studies of Old World primates, in marmoset, midget bipolar cells contacted midget ganglion cells at a ratio of 1:1. The number of output synapses made by OFF midget bipolar cells was quantified for 104 cells in two dichromatic marmosets, 108 cells in one trichromatic marmoset, and 118 cells in one macaque. The number of output synapses was comparable for all animals, ranging from 10–71 in the dichromatic marmoset (average 29.7 ± 12.4 SD), 12–86 in the trichromatic marmoset (average 28.6 ± 11.7 SD) and 9–48 in the macaque (average 26.5 ± 9.3 SD) per axon terminal. In all animals the number of output synapses per axon terminal showed a unimodal distribution. Our results suggest that the midget circuitry is comparable in dichromatic and trichromatic animals. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:260–274, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mapping of serotonin, dopamine, and histamine in relation to different clock neurons in the brain of Drosophila
Authors: Hamasaka Yasutaka , Nässel Dick R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSeveral sets of clock neurons cooperate to generate circadian activity rhythms in Drosophila melanogaster. To extend the knowledge on neurotransmitters in the clock circuitry, we analyzed the distribution of some biogenic amines in relation to identified clock neurons. This was accomplished by employing clock neuron‐specific GAL4 lines driving green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression, combined with immunocytochemistry with antisera against serotonin, histamine, and tyrosine hydroxylase (for dopamine). In the larval and adult brain, serotonin‐immunoreactive (‐IR) neuron processes are in close proximity of both the dendrites and the dorsal terminals of the major clock neurons, the s‐LNvs. Additionally, the terminals of the l‐LNv clock neurons and serotonergic processes converge in the distal medulla. No histamine (HA)‐IR processes contact the s‐LNvs in the larval brain, but possibly impinge on the dorsal clock neurons, DN2. In the adult brain, HA‐IR axons of the extraocular eyelet photoreceptors terminate on the dendritic branches of the LNvs. A few tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐IR processes were seen close to the dorsal terminals of the s‐LNvs, but not their dendrites, in the larval and adult brain. TH‐IR processes also converge with the distal medulla branches of the l‐LNvs in adults. None of the monoamines was detectable in the different clock neurons. By using an imaging system to monitor intracellular Ca2+ levels in dissociated GFP‐labeled larval s‐LNvs, loaded with Fura‐2, we demonstrated that application of serotonin induced dose‐dependent decreases in Ca2+. Thus, serotonergic neurons form functional inputs on the s‐LNvs in the larval brain and possibly also in adults. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:314–330, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of central axon terminals of putative stretch receptors in leeches
Authors: Fan Ruey‐Jane , Friesen W. Otto 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSensory feedback from stretch receptors, neurons that detect position or tension, is crucial for generating normal, robust locomotion. Among the eight pairs of putative stretch receptors associated with longitudinal muscles in midbody segments of medicinal leeches, only the ventral stretch receptor has been characterized in detail. To achieve the identification of all such receptors, we penetrated large axons in the nerve roots of nerve cords from adult leeches with dye‐filled (Alexa Fluor hydrazide) electrodes. We identified the terminal arborizations of two additional putative stretch receptors with axons in anterior nerve roots and four more such receptors with axons in posterior roots of midbody ganglia. The axons are nonspiking and are individually identifiable by their entry point into the CNS; their projections within the neuropile; the pattern, extent, and orientation of their terminal branches; and the characteristics of small “spike‐like” events. At least two of these axons undergo membrane potential oscillations that are phase locked to the swimming rhythm expressed in nerve cord‐body wall preparations and, at a different phase angle, also in isolated nerve cords. Thus the membrane potentials of at least two axons are phasically modulated by the periphery and hence could provide cycle‐by‐cycle sensory input to coordinate swimming activity. One of these neurons has a soma associated with the dorsal body wall and hence is a putative stretch receptor in dorsal longitudinal muscle. Thus the traveling body wave expressed by swimming leeches may be regulated by sensory feedback from both ventral and dorsal longitudinal muscles. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:290–302, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Efficient Route to Pentasubstituted Phenols
Authors: Khan Faiz Ahmed , Choudhury Sumit 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA simple and convenient three‐step protocol for the synthesis of pentasubstituted tribromophenols based on the acid‐catalyzed Grob‐type fragmentation of the bicyclic ketone precursors 8a–e in high overall yield is described. The bicyclic ketones 8a–e were obtained in two steps starting from the Diels–Alder cycloadducts 5a–e of β‐substituted vinyl acetates and tetrabromo‐5,5‐dimethoxycyclopentadiene. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Quantum Mechanical Calculation of Coupling Constants in the Configurational Analysis of Flexible Systems: Determination of the Configuration of Callipeltin A
Authors: Bassarello Carla , Zampella Angela , Monti Maria Chiara , Gomez‐Paloma Luigi , D’Auria Maria Valeria , Riccio Raffaele , Bifulco Giuseppe 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAn integrated NMR‐quantum mechanical (QM) approach, relying on the comparison between calculated and experimental J‐values, was applied to the analysis of the relative configuration of four amino acid units (known as AGDHE, D‐aThr1, D‐aThr2 and β‐OMeTyr) contained in callipeltin A, a cyclopeptide endowed with a powerful inhibitory activity on the cardiac sodium/calcium exchanger and also showing interesting antiviral and antifungal properties. In this paper we report the first example of the application of this method to a real case, which allowed the assignment of the relative configuration of the β‐OMeTyr residue and the revision of the configuration of the Thr2 unit in callipeltin A. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Multiple forms of genetic instability within a 2‐Mb chromosomal segment of 3q26.3–q27 are associated with development of esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lin Lin , Wang Zhuwen , Prescott Michael S. , van Dekken Herman , Thomas Dafydd G. , Giordano Thomas J. , Chang Andrew C. , Orringer Mark B. , Gruber Stephen B. , Moran John V. , Glover Thomas W. , Beer David G. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractGene amplification is one of the mechanisms to activate oncogenes in many cancers, including esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). In the present study, we used two‐dimensional restriction landmark genome scanning to clone a NotI/DpnII fragment that showed increased genomic dosage in 1 of 44 EAs analyzed. This fragment maps to 3q26.3–q27, and subsequent experiments identified two intrachromosomal amplicons within a 10‐Mb DNA segment in 7 of 75 (9%) EAs. The distal amplified‐core region maps centromeric to the PIK3CA locus, and a microsatellite (D3S1754) within this region exhibited significant instability (MSI), in stark contrast to the genomewide microsatellite stability found in EA. D3S1754‐MSI arises in premalignant Barrett's dysplastic cells and preceded amplification of the nascent MSI allele in the corresponding EA. Seven ESTs within the amplified‐core were overexpressed in amplicon‐containing EAs. One of these, EST AW513672, represents a chimeric transcript that initiated from an antisense promoter sequence in the 5′UTR of a full‐length LINE‐1 element (L1‐5′ASP). Similar chimeric transcripts encoding portions of the MET oncogene and the BCAS3 gene also were overexpressed in EAs, suggesting that L1‐5′ASP activation may occur at a broad level in primary EAs. Thus, the fine dissection of a 2‐Mb amplified DNA segment in 3q26.3–q27 in EA revealed multiple genetic alterations that had occurred sequentially and/or concurrently during EA development. This article has supplementary material, available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct evidence that acutely enhancing serotonin with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram modulates the loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) marker of central serotonin function
Authors: Nathan Pradeep J. , Segrave Rebecca , Phan K. Luan , O'Neill Barry , Croft Rodney J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) has been suggested as a reliable measure of central serotonin function in humans. The most convincing evidence for a direct relationship between serotonergic function and LDAEP to date has come from animal studies, while evidence in humans has been circumstantial and inconsistent. In the current study, we examine the direct effect of serotonergic modulation with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram on the LDAEP. The study was a double‐blind placebo controlled design in which healthy participants were tested under two acute treatment conditions: placebo and citalopram (20 mg). Enhancement of serotonin function with citalopram in comparison to placebo decreased the slope of the LDAEP (i.e. weaker LDAEP). The findings provide direct evidence in humans, of a relationship between central serotonin function and the LDAEP, supporting findings previously observed in animals and clinical populations. Together the results provide further support for the validity of the LDAEP as a non‐invasive in vivo measure of central serotonin function in humans. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of 10B antitumoral compounds by means of flow‐injection into ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Basilico F. , Sauerwein W. , Pozzi F. , Wittig A. , Moss R. , Mauri P. L. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBoron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising binary treatment for cancer. BNCT is based on the ability of the nonradioactive isotope 10B to capture, with a very high probability, thermal neutrons. This nuclear reaction results in two particles (an alpha and a lithium nucleus). The particles have a high biological effectiveness, which is limited in tissue to approximately the diameter of one cell. If the reaction can be limited to a tumor cell, the physical characteristic opens up the possibility to selectively destroy cancer cells, while sparing the surrounding healthy tissue. Quality control of 10B‐containing compounds and their distribution at present are very important, and different analytical methods have been developed, such as time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS), electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS), prompt gamma analysis and inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES). These methods allow the analyses of 10B, but it is not possible to characterize the specific molecular compounds containing 10B. For this reason, we propose a fast and quantitative method that permits the determination of closo‐undecahydro‐1‐mercaptododecaborate (BSH) and 10boron‐phenylalanine (BPA) and their eventual metabolites. In particular, 10B‐containing compounds are detected by means of flow‐injection electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (FI/ESI‐MS/MS). This approach allows the identification of Boron compounds, BSH and BPA, using tandem mass spectrometry, and quantitative analysis is also possible (c.v. ±4.7%; n = 5; linear range 10–10 000 ng/ml). Furthermore, 10B‐containing compounds were detected in actual biological sample (urine and plasma, diluted 10 000‐ and 1000‐fold, respectively) injecting a small volume (1 µl) of diluted samples. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of different phenomena in surface‐activated chemical ionization (SACI) performance
Authors: Cristoni Simone , Rossi Bernardi Luigi , Guidugli Federico , Tubaro Michela , Traldi Pietro 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn previous studies, the production of ions in an APCI source without any corona discharge was observed, and the intensity of the ion signals showed significant increases on placing a metallic surface at 45° inside an orthogonal ion source. This method was named surface‐activated chemical ionization (SACI). The present study was performed to investigate the mechanisms of ion production with or without the presence of the metallic surface, by varying instrumental parameters and the geometrical configuration. Approximate calculations show that, in the absence of corona discharge and of any additional surfaces, ions cannot be produced by collisional phenomena, because of their low kinetic energy, in the 10−2 to 10−3 eV range. Two alternative possibilities have been considered: the first takes into account that ions may originate by collision of neutral clusters of polar solvent molecules with the APCI source surfaces through clusterelectric effect. The second takes into account that the water dissociation constant kw is temperature dependent, passing from 10−14.1669 at 20 °C to 10−12.4318 at 90 °C. It means that the [H+] varies from 8.3 × 10−8 to 6.1 × 10−7 M going from 20 to 90 °C. Hence, at the high temperatures experimented in the APCI vaporizer, H+ becomes available in solution in molar quantities analogous to those of analyte, and the protonation of the analyte itself can consequently occur. The activation of further ionization processes in the presence of the metallic surface can be reasonably attributed to interactions between gas‐phase analyte molecules and solvent molecules adsorbed on the surface. Experiments performed with a thin layer of deuterated glycerol on the surface led to unequivocal results, i.e. the production of [M + D]+ ions of the analyte. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.