bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PACKAGING AND STORAGE EFFECTS ON THE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF FROZEN VENISON
Authors: FAROUK M.M. , FREKE C. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT The functional stability of vacuum‐ and nonvacuum‐packaged venison semimembranosus muscle was determined after 0, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9 months of frozen storage. Vacuum‐packaged samples had higher emulsion stability, chroma, shear force values, cooked batter torsion stress, strain and tensile stretch, lower malondialdehyde (MDA) and lower hue angle compared with nonvacuum‐packaged samples. The two packaging methods did not vary in the other functional attributes of venison measured. Total protein solubility, cooked batter torsion strain and tensile strength increased in the first month of storage and then decreased thereafter. Sarcoplasmic protein solubility increased (P < 0.05) in the first 6 months and declined in the ninth month. Reactive sulphydryl contents (P < 0.1) and moisture loss in raw (P < 0.001) and in cooked venison (P < 0.01) increased with storage time and peaked at 3 months and declined thereafter. MDA increased during the first 2 months, then declined and increased again at 9 months (P < 0.001). The results of this study suggest that most of the changes in frozen venison manufacturing functionality took place within the first month of storage and this peak functionality was extended to 3 months when venison was vacuum‐packaged.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe following are some of the practical applications of this research: (1) Frozen venison has better functional properties for manufacturing purposes compared with fresh unfrozen venison immediately postrigor. (2) This functionality tends to peak at 1 month of frozen storage, with longer storage up to 9 months having little or no further effect on the functionality. (3) The peak functionality can be extended to 3 months through vacuum packaging.
“UZICE BEEF PRSHUTA”: INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SALTING PROCESSES ON SENSORY PROPERTIES
Authors: TOMIĆ NIKOLA , TOMAŠEVIĆ IGOR , RADOVANOVIĆ RADOMIR , RAJKOVIĆ ANDREJA 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine salt penetration dynamics during the muscle‐salting process with and without vacuum tumbling, as well as to investigate the influence of these two different salting treatments on sensory properties of “Uzice Beef Prshuta,” a traditional Serbian dry‐cured meat product. Twenty‐four samples of two different muscles obtained from beef carcasses were analyzed: 12 M. semitendinosus (MS) and 12 M. longissimus lumborum et thoracis (ML). After salting, six MS and six ML were immediately left in the salting chamber, while the other six MS and six ML were first submitted to vacuum tumbling process and then left in the same salting room separately from the previous batch. Determination of chloride content was conducted in three layers (layer A = 1 cm in depth from external surface; layer B = 1 cm in depth from layer A; and layer C = central part) of the shaped muscles during whole salting process. Sensory evaluation of ripened product “Uzice Beef Prshuta” was carried out in regard to five selected sensory characteristics using a 5‐level scale. Each of the four experimental groups of muscles had a similar trend of salt penetration during the salting period. A salt content of about 2.5% necessary for preservation was achieved on the third day for layer C of vacuum‐tumbled ML, on the fifth day for vacuum‐tumbled MS and nonvacuum‐tumbled ML, and on the seventh day for nonvacuum‐tumbled MS. Analysis of variance showed no significant differences (P < 0.01) in total sensory quality between the four groups of samples. It is justified to include vacuum tumbling into the traditional way of “Uzice Beef Prshuta” production.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe traditional production process of dry‐cured meat products is very time consuming. A shortening of the process can increase turnover and profit. The results presented in this manuscript have demonstrated that application of mechanical treatments and vacuum during the salting period in manufacturing of “Uzice Beef Prshuta” can accelerate the process without a significant impact on sensory profile of the product.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HORSE MEAT FROM THE LONGISSIMUS LUMBORUM AND SEMITENDINOSUS MUSCLE
Authors: LITWIŃCZUK A. , FLOREK M. , SKAŁECKI P. , LITWIŃCZUK Z. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare the chemical composition and physicochemical quality of the meat of mature slaughter horses (73 mares and 58 geldings) sampled from the longissimus dorsi (longissimus lumborum section [LL]) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles. The LL muscle was characterized by significantly lower values of electrical conductivity, temperature and shear force; however, it showed a significantly higher water‐holding capacity. Meat from the LL muscle showed a significantly higher intramuscular fat (IMF) content, and as a result, higher calories, but contained less water and protein than the ST muscle. Along with the increasing marbling level, the IMF content in the LL muscle increased from 2.79 up to 13.30%, whereas in the ST muscle, from 2.80 up to 6.45%. Generally, a higher meat marbling goes together with a decrease of water and protein contents as well as an increase of a protein/fat ratio. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSOn the basis of the obtained results, it was stated that the chemical composition and physicochemical quality of mature horses' meat was similar to some other species of red meat. Therefore, the horse flesh could be a valuable substitute of culinary meat, especially beef. The high dressing percentages reflected the horses' usefulness for meat production. Moreover, considering a slight number of defects occurring in horse meat (i.e. DFD or PSE), chevaline could be more widely used in the meat industry, in raw or processed form, as a suitable food for human consumption.
THE EFFECT OF CARCASS PART AND PACKAGING METHOD ON THE STORAGE STABILITY OF MECHANICALLY DEBONED CHICKEN MEAT
Authors: OZKECECI R.B. , KARAKAYA M. , YILMAZ M.T. , SARICOBAN C. , OCKERMAN H.W. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT Mechanically deboned chicken frame meat (MDCFM) and mechanically deboned chicken neck meat (MDCNM) samples were obtained from mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) by a Beehive separator. MDCM was vacuum‐ or air‐packed and stored frozen for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks. The effects of packing and storage time of MDCFM and MDCNM on free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide and TBA values were determined, and the interaction effects between part of carcass (frame or neck), storage form (either vacuum‐ or air‐packed) and storage time on these parameters were investigated. The significant (P < 0.001; 0.05) effect of storage time on pH, FFA, peroxide and TBA values was determined. Part of carcass and storage form were the factors with the greatest effect (P < 0.001) on TBA values, followed by the effect of storage time. In general, neck meats were more stable than frame meats with regard to TBA values during storage period; however, these values increased with prolonged storage time. Among the interactions, TBA values were highly influenced by carcass part × storage form. Vacuum‐packed MDCNM could be stored for up to 24 weeks within normal limitations with respect to the stability of the parameters studied.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSMechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM) has been increasingly used in the food industry because of its fine consistency and lower cost. However, some problems may occur due to the usage of MDPM. Rapid onset of oxidative stability resulting in off‐flavors and off‐odors is among these problems. It has been extensively reported that this oxidative stability can be influenced by factors such as storage time and storage form. However, only limited research has focused on the effect of carcass part on the oxidative stability of MDPM, even the combined effect of carcass part with two other factors. In this study, the linear and interaction effect of these factors (carcass part, storage form and storage time) on the oxidative stability of MDPM were studied.
THE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF M. LONGISSIMUS FROM HANWOO (KOREAN CATTLE) WITH DIFFERENT FLOOR SPACE
Authors: LEE S.K. , PANJONO  , KANG S.M. , PARK Y.S. , KIM T.S. , SONG Y.H. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT The quality characteristics of Musculus longissimusfrom Hanwoo bulls with different floor space were studied. Fifteen heads of bulls were randomly divided into three groups (9, 18 and 27 m2). At 48 h postslaughter, samples were collected and stored at 4 ± 0.5C for 9 days. The n6/n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid of the meat from cattle in 27 m2 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that in other groups. The meat of cattle in 27 m2 contained more C20:5 n‐3 eicosapentaenoate (EPA) (P < 0.05) than the meat from cattle in 9 m2. The pH value and drip loss of the meat from cattle in 27 m2 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in other groups. The 2‐thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and peroxide values of the meat from cattle in 27 m2 were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those in other groups at 6 and 9 days of storage. The increasing floor space from 9 to 27 m2 improved the fatty acid composition, water‐holding capacity and lipid stability of the meat.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSMeat quality is one of the important values related to human well‐being. Floor space is one of the important factors in animal welfare that affect beef quality. Increasing the floor space from 9 to 27 m2 for bulls during the finishing period had improved the meat quality, especially in respect to fatty acid composition, water‐holding capacity and lipid oxidation resistance.
SHELF LIFE OF NEW CULTURE SPECIE (DIPLODUS PUNTAZZO) IN REFRIGERATOR
Authors: CAKLI S. , KILINC B. , DINCER T. , TOLASA S. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT The shelf life of sharp snout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo) stored in refrigerator was investigated by measurement of sensory, chemical (total volatile basic nitrogen [TVB‐N], trimethylamine [TMA‐N], thiobarbituric acid [TBA] and pH) and microbiological (total viable and psychrophilic count) analysis. According to the sensory and chemical analysis results evaluated, the shelf life of sharp snout sea bream was detected as 10 days for storage at refrigeration temperatures, respectively, as compared with 8 days of sensory analysis results.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSSharp snout sea bream is one of the important fish species in the aquaculture sector in Turkey. In recent years, the aquaculture sector was mainly interested with the fish species Dicentrarchus labrax and Sparus aurata, but nowadays, a new valuable fish aquaculture is possible in this sector. Diplodus puntazzo, Dentex dentex and Sciena umbra are some of them. The importance of this study came from being the first in the literature that determines the shelf life for these species.
Simulating a Lake as a High‐Conductivity Variably Saturated Porous Medium
Authors: Chui Ting Fong May , Freyberg David L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOne approach for simulating ground water–lake interactions is to incorporate the lake into the ground water solution domain as a high‐conductivity region. Previous studies have developed this approach using fully saturated models. This study extends this approach to variably saturated models, so that ground water–lake interactions may be more easily simulated with commonly used or public domain variably saturated codes that do not explicitly support coupled lake–water balance modeling. General guidelines are developed for the choices of saturated hydraulic conductivity and moisture retention and relative permeability curves for the lake region. When applied to an example ground water–lake system, model results are very similar to those from a model in which the lake is represented as a specified head boundary continuously updated by a lake mass balance. The high‐conductivity region approach is most suitable for relatively simple geometries and lakes with slower and smaller fluctuations when the overall flow pattern and system fluxes, rather than the detailed flow pattern around the intersection of the lake and land surfaces, are of interest.
Risk Management of BTEX Contamination in Ground Water—An Integrated Fuzzy Approach
Authors: Qin X. S. , Huang G. H. , Li Y. P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAn integrated fuzzy simulation‐assessment method (FSAM) was developed for assessing environmental risks from petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in ground water. In the FSAM, techniques of fuzzy simulation and fuzzy risk assessment were coupled into a general framework to reflect a variety of system uncertainties. A petroleum‐contaminated site located in western Canada was selected as a study case for demonstrating applicability of the proposed method. The risk assessment results demonstrated that system uncertainties would significantly impact expressions of risk‐level outputs. A relatively deterministic expression of the risks would have clearer representations of the study problem but may miss valuable uncertain information; conversely, an assessment under vaguer system conditions would help reveal potential consequences of adverse effects but would suffer from a higher degree of fuzziness in presenting the modeling outputs. Based on the risk assessment results, a decision analysis procedure was used to calculate a general risk index (GRI) to help identify proper responsive actions. The proposed method was useful for evaluating risks within a system containing multiple factors with complicated uncertainties and interactions and providing support for identifying proper site management strategies.
Using MODFLOW 2000 to Model ET and Recharge for Shallow Ground Water Problems
Authors: Doble Rebecca C. , Simmons Craig T. , Walker Glen R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn environments with shallow ground water elevation, small changes in the water table can cause significant variations in recharge and evapotranspiration fluxes. Particularly, where ground water is close to the soil surface, both recharge and evapotranspiration are regulated by a thin unsaturated zone and, for accuracy, must be represented using nonconstant and often nonlinear relationships. The most commonly used ground water flow model today, MODFLOW, was originally designed with a modular structure with independent packages representing recharge and evaporation processes. Systems with shallow ground water, however, may be better represented using either a recharge function that varies with ground water depth or a continuous recharge and evapotranspiration function that is dependent on depth to water table. In situations where the boundaries between recharging and nonrecharging cells change with time, such as near a seepage zone, a continuous ground water flux relationship allows recharge rates to change with depth rather than having to calculate them at each stress period. This research article describes the modification of the MODFLOW 2000 recharge and segmented evapotranspiration packages into a continuous recharge‐discharge function that allows ground water flux to be represented as a continuous process, dependent on head. The modifications were then used to model long‐term recharge and evapotranspiration processes on a saline, semiarid floodplain in order to understand spatial patterns of salinization, and an overview of this process is given.
Long‐Term Trends in Chloride Concentrations in Shallow Aquifers near Chicago
Authors: Kelly Walton R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe rapid expansion of major cities throughout the world is resulting in the degradation of water quality in local aquifers. Increased use of road deicers since the middle of the 20th century in cities in the northern United States, Canada, and Europe has been linked to degraded ground water quality. In this article, Chicago, Illinois, and its outlying suburban areas are used as an example of the effects of urbanization in a historical context. A statistical study of historical water quality data was undertaken to determine how urbanization activities have affected shallow (<60 m) ground water quality. Chloride (Cl−) concentrations have been increasing, particularly in counties west and south of Chicago. In the majority of shallow public supply wells in the western and southern counties, Cl− concentrations have been increasing since the 1960s. About 43% of the wells in these counties have rate increases greater than 1 mg/L/year, and 15% have increases greater than 4 mg/L/year. Approximately 24% of the samples collected from public supply wells in the Chicago area in the 1990s had Cl− concentrations greater than 100 mg/L (35% in the western and southern counties); median values were less than 10 mg/L before 1960. The greater increase in Cl− concentrations in the outer counties is most likely due to both natural and anthropogenic factors, including the presence of more significant and shallower sand and gravel deposits, less curbing of major highways and streets, and less development in some parts of these counties.
Reflections on independence in nurse practitioner practice
Authors: Weiland Sandra A 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurpose: To examine factors that influence the ability of nurse practitioners (NPs) to practice as independent primary care providers.Data sources: Extensive literature search on CINAHL, OVID, MEDLINE, Internet journal sources, and professional association Web sites.Conclusions: The legal authority for NPs to practice independently is recognized; however, the ability to put that authority into practice is undermined by the historical failure of political, professional, and social entities to recognize NPs as providers capable of providing primary care autonomously. Nonrecognition is responsible for complex reimbursement policies (both federal and state) that economically and professionally restrain the NP role; hence, NPs remain in a financially dependent relationship despite 40 years of proven safe practice. NPs must articulate their independence as practitioners more vociferously in order to meet society’s healthcare requirements, as well as to attain professional fulfillment and forge collegial relationships.Implications for practice: NPs will never be seen as members of a profession by either themselves or others without the practicality of independence and autonomy. Although legal independence is a fact, real practice independence in the pragmatic sense is contingent upon reimbursement. Without fiscal sustainability, practice independence is an impossibility. And, without professional autonomy, NPs will have only an employee’s voice in the dynamic healthcare system in which they are really key players in providing healthcare services to the poor and undeserved populations.
Can’t stop dancing: Could it be St. Vitus’ dance?
Authors: Rogness Corrie 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurpose: To inform providers of one of the rare but significant consequences that result from not diagnosing and treating streptococcal pharyngitis: Sydenham’s chorea (St. Vitus’ dance).Data sources: Current Internet sources including review articles, informational articles, online medical textbooks, and professional organization Web sites.Conclusion: It is vital that each case of streptococcal pharyngitis be treated with appropriate antibiotic therapy. Doing so will help prevent the sequelae associated with streptococcal infections, such as acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and Sydenham’s chorea.Implications for practice: Streptococcal pharyngitis is a common illness that has the potential to cause very serious consequences. The consequences may be life altering, such as suffering permanent heart damage. With appropriate diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics, the sequelae of ARF and Sydenham’s chorea can be prevented.
Depression and anxiety outcomes at a free clinic in a rural state
Authors: Burman Mary E. , Petrie Jennifer 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurpose: To describe the diagnostic and treatment patterns for depression and anxiety in clients receiving care at a free clinic.Data sources: Charts for 43 clients who received antidepressant or anxiolytic medications were randomly selected and reviewed.Conclusions: Clients presented to the clinic symptomatic; almost two thirds had been treated elsewhere. Most clients received pharmacological treatment and referral for counseling. Forty‐four percent of the clients were still being treated at their last visit, but 33% were no longer being seen, and it could not be determined if they were receiving care at another clinic.Implications for practice: If sustained relationships with clients with depression and anxiety can be developed, appropriate care can be provided.
Nurse practitioners’ knowledge and practice regarding malignant melanoma assessment and counseling
Authors: Furfaro Terri , Bernaix Laura , Schmidt Cynthia , Clement Jacquelyn 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the knowledge base and clinical practices of nurse practitioners (NPs) within the states of Illinois and California regarding malignant melanoma.Data sources: Data sources included responses to a 57‐item self‐administered questionnaire and 15‐item demographic survey. A convenience sample of 93 certified NPs from Illinois and California, aged 27–68 years, participated in the study. Participants responded to questions relating to knowledge of malignant melanoma preventive measures, risk factors, barriers to performing malignant melanoma assessments, and lesion recognition.Conclusions: Overall, the NPs in this study demonstrated adequate knowledge about malignant melanoma but conducted general skin and malignant melanoma assessments less than half of the time and provided patient teaching about preventive measures and risk factors only occasionally. While California NPs demonstrated significantly greater knowledge about malignant melanoma than the Illinois NPs, they performed less skin and malignant melanoma assessments and provided less teaching. The most frequently cited barrier to performing malignant melanoma examinations for both states was time constraints.Implications for practice: NPs can play a pivotal role in reducing the morbidity and mortality of malignant melanoma through competent skin assessments and patient education and encouraging patients to pursue healthy lifestyles. Improving NPs’ assessment skills and knowledge about malignant melanoma, however, is critical to achieving this goal.
An innovative approach to peer review for the advanced practice nurse—A focus on critical incidents
Authors: Kenny Katherine J , Baker Laurie , Lanzon Marie , Stevens Lily R , Yancy Margaret 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurpose: To provide an overview of the development and implementation of a peer review process for advanced practice nurses (APNs) based on critical incidents that provide meaningful evaluation of practice and meets the needs of APNs across multiple care specialties and practice situations.Data sources: A review of the literature and evaluation of the existing peer review process currently in place at a large tertiary care facility.Conclusions: Peer review is central to self‐regulation and professional practice for APNs. It has been proposed that APNs of similar rank and clinical expertise should participate in peer review. APN peer review and evaluation have traditionally existed as a component of performance evaluation, evaluation of practice patterns, and compliance monitoring, and to evaluate quality indicators. We found no examples of peer review in the context of evaluating a critical incident in the literature. The APN Peer Review Committee and the review process were developed at our institution to provide peer input and communication to all credentialed APNs in incidents regarding appropriateness of care and scope of practice.Implications for practice: APNs must assure that they have a voice in the peer review process. Representation by peers of similar specialty and rank is an important component in the peer evaluation process. The establishment of the APN Peer Review Committee served this purpose for our institution.