bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine‐needle aspiration of normal tissue from enlarged salivary glands: Sialosis or missed target?
Authors: Henry‐Stanleys Michelle J. , Beneke Janet , Bardales Ricardo H. , Stanley Michael W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSalivary gland enlargement by hypertrophy of normal‐appearing parotid or submaxillary tissue is known as sialosis. It can be idiopathic, or may be associated with malnutrition, diabetes, bulimia, or alcoholism. When normal tissue is aspirated from an enlarged gland, one is tempted to diagnose sialosis. We performed 26 such aspirates over a 5‐yr period. In all cases, the cytology featured abundant acinar and ductal tissue in a clean (noninflammatory) background. Six cases were excluded when the records showed no return visits to the clinic. The remaining 20 patients included 9 men and 11 women, aged 24–92 yr (median 56), who harbored 12 parotid (2 bilateral) and 8 unilateral submaxillary enlargements. Clinical findings included ethanol abuse (2), diabetes (1), and previously diagnosed head and neck carcinoma (3). In six patients, the duration of the mass was described as months or years. Excision (6), reaspiration (3), radiographic evaluation (2), and clinical follow‐up of patients not evaluated by other means (9 cases with median follow‐up of 6 months) revealed no malignancies. One excised gland contained a pleomorphic adenoma measuring 0.5 cm in diameter. This had been diagnosed by repeat fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) prior to surgery. We suggest that sialosis is a meaningful FNA diagnosis in patients who are carefully examined, skillfully aspirated, and reasonably followed. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic findings of collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney
Authors: Caraway Nancy P. , Wojcik Eva M. , Katz Ruth L. , Ro Jae Y. , Ordóñez Nelson G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report the cytologic features of eight fine‐needle aspirations (FNA) and eight exfoliative specimens of collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) obtained from six patients. The four men and two women ranged in age from 27 to 69 years (mean = 45 yr) and all had advanced stage disease at presentation (one stage III, five stage IV). Five of the six patients died of widespread disease, and one is alive and well (mean survival, 28 mo; range, 11–48 mo). The smears of the FNA and exfoliative specimens were scantly to moderately cellular. Tumor cells showed moderate pleomorphism and were arranged primarily in cohesive groups that rarely had a papillary configuration. Nuclei had irregular nuclear contours, coarse chromatin, and one to three nucleoli. In the majority of cases the cytoplasm was finely vacuolated, and occasionally there were large intracytoplasmic vacuoles. Intracytoplasmic mucin was demonstrated in two aspirates. Psammoma bodies were present in four of the seven fluids. In two patients, the cytologic diagnosis was supported by positive immunostaining for high‐molecular‐weight keratin and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I lectin. Leu M‐1 was focally positive in one case and negative in the other. The cytologic features of CDC were readily identified as malignant; however, they were not distinctive and overlapped with those of high‐grade renal cell carcinoma with papillury features and transitional cell carcinoma. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Value of ancillary studies in fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Saleh Husain , Masood Shahla 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith growing interest in the application of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in primary diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions, there has been a significant increase in the use of ancillary studies in the aspirated material. To assess the value of such studies, we reviewed 254 morphologically difficult aspiration biopsy cases obtained from different sites that underwent ancillary studies which included microbiology (MC), special stains (SS), immunocytochemistry (ICC), electron microscopy (EM) and flow cytometry (FC). Correlation with available histologic material and/or pertinent clinical information was used as a “gold” standard. In some cases, more than one ancillary study was performed on a single aspirate. According to the impact of the ancillary studies on the final diagnosis, these studies were divided into three categories: confirmatory/ diagnostic (22%), helpful (41%), and non‐helpful (37%). Overall, more studies had positive contributory effect to the diagnosis (63%) than those with non‐helpful results (37%). Among these adjunct testings, ICC were the most commonly used tests (135/296, 46%), while the EM studies had more positive impact in establishing the diagnosis. These findings emphasize the usefulness of ancillary testings in FNAB and justify the more selective use of these studies in the aspirated material. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carbon‐laden macrophages in pleural fluid of crack smokers
Authors: Singh Baljit , Greenebaum Ellen , Cole Randolph 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCarbon‐laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage have been noted to be associated with a history of crack smoking. We report herein the finding of carbon‐laden macrophages in four cytological preparations of pleural fluid from two crack smokers. The etiology of the two patients' pleural effusions differed; neither had a bronchopleural fistula. Patient 1 had AIDS, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and Kaposi's sarcoma of the right lung with an associated bilateral pleural effusion. Patient 2 was HIV seropositive, had pulmonary tuberculosis, hepatitis A, B, and C, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary embolism, and bilateral pleural effusions, the latter of which were probably due to cardio‐pulmonary dysfunction. An additional two crack smokers with pleural effusions due to malignancy, one primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma and the other metastatic melanoma, did not have carbon‐like material in their pleural fluid cytology. We hypothesize that intracellular accumulation of carbonaceous material in the lung parenchyma and pleural space occurs when normal clearance mechanisms are overwhelmed. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytomorphologic features of scleromatous lymphadenitis on fine‐needle aspiration cytology: A case report
Authors: Gera Neeru , Bhatia Arati , Tickoo S. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractScleroma is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract caused by Klebisella rhinoscleromatis. Scleromatous involvement of lymph node is rare. The smears on fine‐needle aspiration reveal a characteristic picture. The cytomorphologic features of this rare lymph node lesion are reported. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (rosai‐dorfman disease): Diagnosis with fine‐needle aspiration in a case with nodal and nasal involvement
Authors: Alegret Ramiro Alvarez , Tello Amelia Martinez , Ramirez Teresa , Gállego Paz , Martinez David , Julián Gregorio García 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) is a rare entity characterized by the proliferation of cells belonging to the macrophage‐histiocyte family, but whose exact origin is unknown. A case of SHML occurring in a 62‐yr‐old female is described in which the diagnosis is initially suggested by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of a cervical node. The smears show a background of lymphocytes and plasma cells and large histiocytes with well‐preserved lymphocytes in their cytoplasm (emperipolesis or lymphophagocytosis). Both nodal and extranodal (nasal mass) involvement are confirmed by surgical biopsy. The immunohisto‐chemistry suggests that SHML cells are functionally activated macrophages. Eight months after diagnosis, the patient is clinically well, with partial improvement of lymphadenopathy. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytology of suture granulomas in post‐hysterectomy vaginal smears
Authors: Bardales Ricardo H. , Valente Philip T. , Stanley Michael W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn histologic sections, foreign body giant cells are often associated with a granulomatous reaction to embedded suture material. However, this finding is unusual in exfoliative cytology samples. We describe the cytologic findings associated with suture granulomas in nine vaginal smears obtained from four women, ages 53 to 72. The patients had undergone hysterectomy for endometrial adenocarcinoma (three patients) and cervical carcinoma in situ (one patient). Smears taken 6 to 34 mo after surgery showed a moderate to severe acute inflammatory reaction, foreign body giant cells, and polarizable suture material. A vaginal cuff biopsy from one patient confirmed the diagnosis. Although multinucleated giant cells in postmenopausal vaginal smears are usually a non‐specific finding, phagocytosed refractile material observed post hysterectomy may reflect a chronic tissue reaction to suture material. The presence of an acute inflammatory reaction, foreign body type giant cells, and the appropriate past surgical history, should prompt the pathologist to rapidly screen the slide under polarized light to evaluate the possibility of suture granulomas. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspiration cytology of a case of tumoral calcinosis
Authors: Zaharopoulos Paul , Patre Pier Luigi Di 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic findings in a case of non‐familial tumoral calcinosis are described. These include abundant calcific amorphous deposits, mononuclear histiocytes, osteoclast‐type multinucleated giant cells, and fragments of tissue consisting of osteoblast‐type cells with atypical epithelial‐like features mimicking an epithelial malignancy.This is the first reported case describing the cellular morphology of tumoral calcinosis in an FNA specimen. A previously reported case described the evacuation of acellular calcific fluid only. In the present case, vigorous aspiration of the solid portions of the lesion yielded cellular material representative of the histology of the lesion. Points of caution for a correct interpretation of the cytologic findings are discussed. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reporting of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance on cervical smears: Is it significant?
Authors: Selvaggi Suzanne M. , Haefner Hope K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA retrospective 7‐mo study (June 1, 1993‐December 31, 1993) was performed to evaluate the significance of reporting atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) on cervical smears. During this period 114 (0.7%) of 17,330 smears were diagnosed as ASCUS, 62 of which resulted in either follow‐up cervical biopsies and/or endocervical curettages (61%) or repeat smears (39%), and form the basis of this study. Tissue specimens (38 cases) were negative in 24 cases (63%) and were positive in 14 cases (37%). Of the positive specimens, there were 9 low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and 5 high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Repeat smears (24 cases) were negative in 19 cases (79%) and were persistent for a lesion in 5 cases (21%). The persistent lesions consisted of 2 ASCUS and 3 LSIL. Overall, of the 62 cases, 43 (69%) were negative and 19 (31%) showed a lesion on follow‐up tissue specimens or smears. Of the 62 cases, ASCUS diagnoses included cellular changes suggestive of human papillomavirus infection in 17 (27%) cases, nondiagnostic cellular changes in 16 (26%) cases, atypical squamous metaplasia vs. a squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) in 15 (24%) cases, inflammatory cell changes vs. a LSIL in 5 (8%) cases, 2 of which contained candida, and atrophic cellular changes in 1 (2%) case. In the remaining 8 (13%) cases, proper cytologic analysis was hampered by partially obscuring acute inflammation (3 cases) and low cellularity (5 cases). The results of this study would indicate that the reporting of ASCUS on cervical smears does lead to the detection of SILs in a significant number of cases (31% in this study). Therefore, further evaluation of the patient is suggested. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toward optimal use of the cytology laboratory: Quality improvement and cerebrospinal fluid specimens
Authors: Walts Ann E. , Strigle Stephen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReview of 203 consecutive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens submitted concurrently to the cytology and hematology laboratories identified several quality improvement (QI) opportunities. Clinician/laboratory, interlaboratory, and intralaboratory issues are addressed. Data are utilized to formulate a multifaceted approach that would decrease patient expenditure, conserve laboratory resources, and improve the clinical value of CSF reports. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor genes and their proteins in cytologic and surgical specimens: Relevance and detection systems
Authors: Leong Anthony S.‐Y. , Robbins Peter , Spagnolo Dominic V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOncogenesis is the consequence of a series of genetic alterations that allow unrestrained cellular growth, tissue invasion, and eventual metastases. Tumor‐related genes can be classified into functional categories. Proto‐oncogenes/oncogenes have a stimulatory role in cell growth, and the inactivation of cancer‐suppressor genes/antioncogenes results in the loss of cell cycle regulation. More recently, three other groups of tumor‐related genes have been recognized. They include the antiapoptosis genes which protect from programmed cell death, the antimetastasis genes, and multidrug resistance genes. Besides aiding in tumor diagnosis, the detection of such tumor‐associated genes and their products allows the identification of individuals with an inherited predisposition to neoplastic growths, and the overexpression of many of these oncogene products has been shown to be a potential marker of tumor behavior and a predictor of treatment outcome and response. The ability to utilize DNA and RNA probes for nucleic acid hybridization and polymerase chain reaction procedures in cell and tissue preparations of solid tumors and lymphoid proliferations expands and complements the information provided by immunohistochemical techniques. These probes allow direct visualization and correlation of specific genes and their protein products with cytomorphologic features, and form a powerful addition to the armamentarium of the cytopathologist and surgical pathologist. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Semiautomatic PAPNET analysis of proliferating (MIB‐1‐positive) cells in cervical cytology and histology
Authors: Boon Mathilde E. , Beck Samuel , Kok L. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith the event of microwave‐antigen retrieval it has become possible to detect proliferating cells (staining positive for MiB‐1) in cervical smears containing epithelial fragments and in paraffin sections containing cancerous cervical epithelium. The PAPNET system, using neural network computing, is able to collect from the slides epithelial fragments with positive‐staining nuclei. The nuclei in epithelial fragments are semiautomatically quantitated using the PAPNET‐digitized images. The parameter PPN (proportion‐positive nuclei), in which the nuclear area of the positive nuclei is taken into account, prove to be superior to the proliferation index for distinguishing moderate dysplasia from carcinoma in situ. In repair cells, all four quantitative parameters are close to those of moderate dysplasias, indicating that this method is unfit for distinguishing these two entities. However, we show that MiB‐1 staining is valuable for the analysis of “false‐negative” and “false‐positive” smears, and for quantifying proliferation in sections of carcinoma in situ. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential diagnostic considerations and potential pitfalls in fine‐needle aspiration biopsies of the mediastinum
Authors: Geisinger Kim R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe mediastinum is the host for a number of relatively unusual primary neoplasms, as well as a frequent recipient of metastatic tumors. From the perspective of fine‐needle aspiration cytomorphology, several distinct patterns are yielded. The polygonal (or epithelial‐like) cell pattern may be seen with benign and malignant thymomas, germinomas, embryonal carcinoma, and many metastatic carcinomas. An intimate admixture of small lymphocytes with these epithelial cells may occur in this category. The small cell pattern may be produced by malignant non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas, neuroblastoma, carcinoid tumors, and metastatic oat cell carcinoma. Uncommon morphologic forms of thymoma and carcinoid tumors, as well as benign mesenchymal lesions, may yield a picture of a spindle‐cell proliferation. In addition to cytomorphology, the cytologist needs to integrate clinical, radio‐graphic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural data to formulate a final diagnosis. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish): A user's guide to optimal preparation of cytologic specimens
Authors: Abati Andrea , Sanford Jeffrey S. , Fetsch Patricia , Marincola Francesco M. , Wolman Sandra R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a reliable method for tagging centromeric regions of specific chromosomes in interphase nuclei. Not only is FISH useful for chromosome enumeration, but as region‐specific chromosome probes are developed, the clinical applications and potentials for use by pathologists are extensive. This technique lends itself particularly to use in cytology preparations because the cells are disaggregated and monolayer preparations yield excellent technical hybridization results. Over a 7‐mo period we processed cytologic samples in an attempt to define and outline a method for optimal specimen processing for FISH use in cell suspensions, techniques applicable to all fresh cytology specimens which can also be used for the processing of surgical pathology aspirates and other material. All samples should be promptly processed to ensure specimen viability, and triaged on an individual basis to ensure preparation of moderately cellular monolayered cytospins. Equivalent nuclear probe signals have been obtained with several sample fixation methods air‐drying, 95% ethanol, methanol (Diff‐Quik fixative), and Carnoy's solution. No difference was noted in the nuclear probe signals or specimen adhesion on positively charged or noncharged slides. After initial fixation our slides remained at room temperature until FISH was performed, without any adverse effects. A short digestion with proteinase K and subsequent rehybridization yielded positive results on samples that originally yielded poor nuclear probe signals. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leptin decreases apoptosis and alters BCL‐2 : Bax ratio in clonal rodent pancreatic beta‐cells
Authors: Brown James E. P. , Dunmore Simon J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAims/HypothesisThe adipocyte derived peptide hormone leptin is known to regulate apoptosis and cell viability in several cells and tissues, as well as having several pancreatic islet beta‐cell specific effects such as inhibition of glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion. This study investigated the effects of leptin upon apoptosis induced by serum depletion and on expression of the apoptotic regulators B‐cell leukaemia 2 gene product (BCL‐2) and BCL2‐associated X protein (Bax) in the glucose‐responsive BRIN‐BD11 beta‐cell line.MethodsBRIN‐BD11 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 and subsequently serum depleted ± leptin (10 and 50 ng/mL) for 24 h. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured using a modified MTS assay and TUNEL/YO‐PRO‐1 assays, respectively. BCL‐2 and Bax expression were measured by real‐time PCR and Western blotting.ResultsLeptin caused a reduction in serum‐depleted apoptosis, although it failed to have any effect on the overall cell viability, causing a 68% shift from apoptosis to necrosis. Leptin significantly increased the level of BCL‐2 mRNA expression (150% compared to serum depletion alone), without altering Bax mRNA expression. At the protein level, leptin increased BCL‐2 and decreased Bax, altering the BCL‐2 : Bax ratio.ConclusionsWe conclude that leptin reduces apoptosis in beta‐cells at physiological concentrations, possibly via its ability to up‐regulate BCL‐2 and Bax expression. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron(III) Tris(pyridinehydroxamate)s and Related Nickel(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes: Potential Platforms for the Design of Novel Heterodimetallic Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Mulcahy Clodagh , Krot Krystyna A. , Griffith Darren M. , Suponitsky Kyrill Yu. , Starikova Zoya A. , Marmion Celine J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe reaction of 3‐ and 4‐pyhaH (pyhaH = pyridinehydroxamic acid) with hydrated metal salts (FeIII, NiII, ZnII) in aqueous solution affords tris(pyridinehydroxamate)s in the case of FeIII and bis(pyridinehydroxamate)s in the case of ZnII and NiII in both the solid state and in solution. These metal pyridinehydroxamates that have the hydroxamato moiety coordinated in an O,O′‐bidentate fashion all contain free pyridine nitrogen donor atoms that might allow them to be used as building blocks in the construction of pyridinehydroxamato‐bridged supramolecular assemblies. The crystal and molecular structures of the two novel FeIII tris(pyridinehydroxamate) building blocks [FeIII(3‐pyha)3]·5.125H2O (1a) and [FeIII(4‐pyha)3]·5.5H2O (2a) are found to have different packing systems despite the similar nature of the two complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Highly Selective and Sensitive Membrane Sensors for Copper(II) Ion Based on a New Benzo‐Substituted Macrocyclic Diamide 6,7,8,9,10‐Hexahydro‐2H‐1,13,4,7,10‐benzodioxatriazacyclopentadecine‐3,11(4H,12H)‐dione
Authors: Shamsipur Mojtaba , Mizani Farhang , Saboury Ali Akbar , Sharghi Hashem , Khalifeh Reza 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNovel PVC membrane (PME) and coated graphite (CGE) Cu2+‐selective electrodes based on 5,6,7,8,9,10‐hexahydro‐2H‐1,13,4,7,10‐benzodioxatriazacyclopentadecine‐3,11(4H,12H)‐dione are prepared. The electrodes reveal a Nernstian behavior over wide Cu2+ion concentration ranges (1.0×10−7–1.0×10−1 M for PME and 1.0×10−8–1.0×10−1 M for CGE) with very low limits of detection (7.8×10−8 M for PME and 9.1×10−9 M for CGE). The potentiometric responses are independent of the pH of the test solutions in the pH range 2.7–6.2. The proposed electrodes possess very good selectivities for Cu2+over a wide variety of the cations including alkali, alkaline earth, transitions and heavy metal ions. The practical utility of the proposed electrodes have been demonstrated by their use in the study of interactions between copper ions and human growth hormone (hGH) in biological systems, potentiometric titration of copper with EDTA and determination of copper content of a sheep blood serum sample and some other real samples.