bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Let's get aligned! Developing a core outcome set for clinical trials in eating disorders
Authors: Brieva‐Toloza Anna Victoria , Hovmand Oliver Rumle , Micali Nadia , Christensen Anne Bryde 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveOur study aimed to review the outcome measures/assessment instruments used and to assess their heterogeneity/homogeneity in eating disorders (EDs) randomised controlled trials.MethodsAPA PsycInfo, PubMed, and Embase were searched in December 2022 to identify studies published between and inclusive of January 2012 and December 2022. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were: (1) complete articles published in peer‐reviewed scientific journals, which were: (2) randomised trials, (3) in a clinical setting (4) with human subjects, (5) with an ICD or DSM diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder, or Bulimia Nervosa. The selected papers also: (6) used one or more standardised instruments designed to measure one or more psychometric characteristics associated with ED as a primary or secondary outcome, as judged by the authors of this systematic review, and (7) were published in English or Danish.ResultsNinety one articles were included, and a total of 196 outcome measures were collected.DiscussionThe diversity of outcome measures in ED trials hampers result comparability and data integration. We suggest creating a core outcome measure set using the Delphi method, including clinician and patient‐reported ED assessments, along with relevant comorbidity scales.
Colonial necropolitics in responding to gender‐based violence amidst cascading disasters in Puerto Rico
Authors: León Waleska Sanabria , Torres M. Gabriela 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article analyzes how the practice of cascading disaster responses and the relative erasure of increasing cases of gender‐based violence (GBV), including feminicidio, or feminicide, by the government in Puerto Rico evidence the structural and regularly reproduced vulnerability of marginalized populations. Drawn from fieldwork in southwestern Puerto Rico between 2019 and 2020, this essay juxtaposes the lived experience of frontline GBV service providers with the relative absence of GBV from the public record until 2022. For activists and scholars, the prevalence of GBV and its relative exclusion from state discourse and records is rooted in ideological, cultural, and operational concerns: operationally, GBV is too often excluded from planned disaster response. Culturally, state‐supplied statistics on GBV minimized and otherwise naturalized GBV into a cultural norm or reality‐to‐be‐expected. Ideologically, the exclusion of GBV is also tied to the colonial relationship between Puerto Rico and the United States. We argue that GBV and its relative exclusion from the public record sustains high levels of violence that have already fueled notable public protest and the constrained working conditions of GBV frontline service providers. The article's focus on frontline worker experiences highlights their important role at the forefront of decision‐making on how to mitigate GBV during and in the wake of cascading disasters.
Left ventricular hypertrophy as a risk factor for accelerated brain aging: Results from the Study of Health in Pomerania
Authors: Frenzel Stefan , Bülow Robin , Dörr Marcus , Felix Stephan B. , Friedrich Nele , Völzke Henry , Wittfeld Katharina , Grabe Hans J. , Bahls Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrevious studies provided evidence for the importance of cardiac structure abnormalities, in particular greater left ventricular (LV) mass, for brain aging, but longitudinal studies are lacking to date. We included 926 individuals (median age 48 years; 53% women) from the TREND cohort of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) without reduced ejection fraction or a history of myocardial infarction. LV mass index (LVMI) was determined by echocardiography at baseline. Brain morphometric measurements were derived from magnetic resonance images at baseline and 7‐year follow‐up. Direct effects of baseline LVMI on brain morphometry at follow‐up were estimated using linear regression models with adjustment for baseline brain morphometry. At baseline, median LVMI was 40 g/m2.7 and 241 individuals (26%) met the criterion of LV hypertrophy. After correction for multiple testing, baseline LVMI was directly associated with reduced global cortical thickness and increased cortical brain age at follow‐up independent from hypertension and blood pressure. Exposure‐outcome relations were nonlinear and significantly stronger in the upper half of the exposure distribution. Specifically, an increase in baseline LVMI from the 50% quantile to the 95% quantile was associated additional 2.7 years (95% confidence interval = [1.5 years, 3.8 years]) of cortical brain age at follow‐up. Additional regional analyses yielded bilateral effects on multiple frontal cortical regions. Our findings highlight the role of cardiac structure in brain aging. LVMI constitutes an easily measurable marker that might help to identify persons at risk for cognitive impairment and dementia.
The effect of relaxing music on driving anger and performance in a simulated car‐following task
Authors: Zhang Qian , Ge Yan , Qu Weina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStudies have focused on the negative effects of anger on driving performance, but insufficient research has addressed intervention methods to reduce these emotional effects. This research investigated how music mitigates the deterioration of driving performance associated with angry emotions in a simulated car‐following task. Forty‐three licensed drivers participated in this study, and they were randomly separated into two groups: an intervention group and a control group. First, all the participants completed a car‐following task involving neutral arousal. Then, both groups completed the car‐following task after the anger arousal task. The intervention group drove while listening to relaxing music, but the control group did not. Driving performance and electrocardiographic data were recorded. The results showed that participants who listened to relaxing music had significantly shorter braking reaction times and greater heart rate variability (HRV) than did those who did not listen to music. Relaxing music can reduce driving anger and improve driving behavior.
Inter‐regional patient mobility in decentralised Spain: Explaining regional budget imbalances
Authors: Cruz‐Martinez Gibran , Perna Roberta , Moreno Fuentes Francisco Javier 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInter‐regional patient mobility represents both a resource and a challenge for the organization and financing of health systems, particularly in decentralised countries. We use cross‐sectional time series regression analysis to test the determinants of imbalances in regional funds to finance inter‐regional patient mobility for the 17 Spanish regions for the period 2014–2020. The findings indicate that highly specialised health centres and bilateral agreements partly explain the budget imbalance from inter‐regional patient referrals, while local tourism partly explains the budget imbalance from non‐referred patient mobility. Developing effective national schemes to compensate net patient recipient regions would be fundamental to addressing territorial imbalances.
Evaluation of the efficacy of a sunscreen containing ultra‐long UVA1 and other UVR broad‐spectrum filters on skin barrier protection and melanin content reduction in Chinese adults: A single‐center study
Authors: Zhang Xianghua , Tao Han , Zhang Zhongxing , Wang Wenna , Steel Andrew , Fang Xiaofeng , He Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe protection for ultra‐long UVA1 is lacked in the market, posing potential damage from ultra‐long UVA1 irradiation. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a sunscreen containing multiple components, especially Mexoryl® 400 for improving skin barrier function and reducing melanin content.MethodsThis single‐center study included adults with sensitive and normal skin in China in November 2022. Participants received the test sunscreen for 4 weeks. Melanin and hemoglobin content, sebum secretion skin hydration, and trans‐epidermal water loss were evaluated at T0d, T7d, and T28d. The self‐assessment was done at T15min, T7d, and T28d.ResultsSixty participants were included, including 30 self‐claimed sensitive skin in the sunscreen group. The sunscreen demonstrated significant improvements in skin parameters. Skin redness reduced by 9.84% at T28d, sebum content in the forehead area decreased by 22.70% at T28d, and skin stratum corneum hydration increased by 38.44% at T28d, p < 0.001 respectively. Most notably, skin melanin content significantly reduced by 13.49% after 4 weeks' usage (p < 0.001). No adverse reactions were reported in either group.ConclusionsThe study sunscreen improved the skin condition by decreasing the melanin content, regulating skin barrier function, and achieving a balance of skin hydration and sebum secretion.
Advances in the use of organoids in endometrial diseases
Authors: Liu Yaofang , Sun Yue , Cheng Shaolong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe endometrium undergoes cyclical changes in response to hormones and there is a certain degree of heterogeneity among individuals. In vivo identification of the physiologic changes of the endometrium and the pathologic process of related diseases is challenging. There have been recent advances in the use of organoids that mimic the characteristics of the corresponding organs and the morphologic, functional, and personalized characteristics involved in different stages of diseases. In this paper, we discuss the process of creating endometrial organoids, cell sources, types of extracellular matrices, and their application in the study of physiologic endometrial states and various diseases.
Clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcome analysis of 20 cases of acute pancreatitis during pregnancy
Authors: Zhou Dong , Sun Guoqiang , Hu Jing , Gan Quan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of acute pancreatitis during pregnancy (APIP).MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 20 cases of APIP admitted to Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2017 to September 2021. The etiology, clinical manifestations, and perinatal outcomes of APIP were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis of the collected data.ResultsThe incidence of APIP in our hospital was 20 (0.02%) cases, all of which occurred in the late stage of pregnancy. Hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis (HTG‐AP) was the primary cause of APIP in 10 (50.0%) patients. A total of 11 (55.0%), seven (35.0%) and two (10.0%) patients had mild acute pancreatitis (MAP), moderately severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), respectively. Pregnant women with HTG‐AP had significantly elevated serum triglyceride levels, had higher prepregnancy body mass indices, were more prone to developing diabetes and were more likely to progress to SAP. With a multidisciplinary approach and individualized treatment plans, there were no maternal deaths, and fetal death only occurred in one (5.0%) case.ConclusionHTG‐AP is prone to advancing to more severe states, and it is becoming more common every year. Therefore, blood lipid management during pregnancy should be emphasized. Pregnant women with digestive symptoms or severe hyperlipidaemia should be screened for APIP in a timely manner and receive clinical intervention to improve maternal and fetal outcomes during the perinatal period.
Cesarean sections and sociodemographic disparities in Ecuador: A nationwide study from hospital registries between 2015 and 2022
Authors: Lapo‐Talledo German Josuet 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze sociodemographic factors associated with cesarean sections (c‐sections) in Ecuador.MethodsData were extracted from the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC). Multivariate binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to assess sociodemographic factors associated with c‐sections overall and with each type of c‐section (elective or emergency c‐section).ResultsThis study included 1 118 842 in‐hospital deliveries during 2015–2022 in Ecuador, of which 41.3% were c‐sections. This exceeds the recommended levels of medical justified c‐sections. Those who were older than 20–29 years showed a higher probability for c‐sections overall. Regarding ethnicity, Montubios had 57% higher probability for c‐sectioned with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.57 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.45–1.71; while indigenous, black, and white individuals exhibited 73%, 29%, and 21% lower probabilities, respectively. However, this varied according to specific type of c‐sections: black individuals had 11% higher probability of elective c‐section but 44% lower probability of emergency c‐section. Deliveries in private healthcare facilities exhibited significantly higher probabilities of c‐sections overall (aOR 15.38, 95% CI 15.20–15.56). Higher probability of emergency c‐section was also observed during 2020–2022.ConclusionCesarean sections in Ecuador still exceed the recommended levels of medically justified c‐sections, highlighting the importance of adopting an approach to childbirth that reduces unnecessary interventions. These results suggest an important role of sociodemographic factors, which aligns with the reported need for multicomponent and locally tailored strategies for addressing c‐section overuse. The increase in c‐sections during the COVID‐19 pandemic (2020–2022) might suggest the influence of external health crises on maternal healthcare.
Establishing carrier transport channels based on TiS bonds and enhancing the photocatalytic performance of MXene quantum dots–ZnIn2S4 for ammonia synthesis
Authors: Cheng Xueying , Guan Renquan , Wu Zhengkai , Sun Yingnan , Che Weilong , Shang Qingkun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the process of photocatalytic synthesis of ammonia, the kinetics of carrier separation and transport, adsorption of nitrogen, and activation of the NN triple bond are key factors that directly affect the efficiency of converting nitrogen to ammonia. Here, we report a new strategy for anchoring MXene quantum dots (MXene QDs) onto the surface of ZnIn2S4 by forming TiS bonds, which provide a channel for the rapid separation and transport of charge carriers and effectively extend the lifespan of photogenerated carriers. The unique charge distribution caused by the sulfurization of the MXene QDs further enhances the performance of the photocatalysts for the adsorption and activation of nitrogen. The photocatalytic ammonia synthesis efficiency of MXene QDs–ZnIn2S4 can reach up to 360.5 μmol g−1 h−1. Density functional theory calculations, various in situ techniques, and ultrafast spectroscopy are used to characterize the successful construction of TiS bonds and the dynamic nature of excited state charge carriers in MXene QDs–ZnIn2S4, as well as their impact on nitrogen adsorption activation and photocatalytic ammonia synthesis efficiency. This study provides a new example of how to improve nitrogen adsorption and activation in photocatalytic material systems and enhance charge carrier dynamics to achieve efficient photocatalytic nitrogen conversion.image
The complex relationship between late‐onset caloric restriction and synaptic plasticity in aged Wistar rats
Authors: Prvulovic Milica , Sokanovic Srdjan , Simeunovic Valentina , Vukojevic Andjela , Jovic Milena , Todorovic Smilja , Mladenovic Aleksandra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAge‐related reduction in spine density, synaptic marker expression, and synaptic efficiency are frequently reported. These changes provide the cellular and molecular basis for the cognitive decline characteristic for old age. Nevertheless, there are several approaches that have the potential to ameliorate these processes and improve cognition, caloric restriction being one of the most promising and widely studied. While lifelong caloric restriction is known for its numerous beneficial effects, including improved cognitive abilities and increased expression of proteins essential for synaptic structure and function, the effects of late‐onset and/or short‐term CR on synaptic plasticity have yet to be investigated. We have previously documented that the effects of CR are strongly dependent on whether CR is initiated in young or old subjects. With this in mind, we conducted a long‐term study in aging Wistar rats to examine changes in the expression of several key synaptic markers under the regimen of CR started at different time points in life. We found a significant increase in the expression of both presynaptic and postsynaptic markers. However, taking into account previously reported changes in the behavior detected in these animals, we consider that this increase cannot represent beneficial effect of CR.
Colonic Transit Time in Constipated Children: Does Pediatric Slow‐Transit Constipation Exist?
Authors: Benninga M. A. , Büller H. A. , Tytgat G. N. J. , Akkermans L. M. A. , Bossuyt P. M. , Taminiau J. A. J. M. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIn adults, slow‐transit constipation is a wellestablished form of constipation with abdominal pain and an empty rectum on examination. Marker studies in these patients, mainly women, show a markedly slowed transit time in all colonic segments. No studies in constipated children are available that assess the existence of slowtransit constipation. In a prospective study, a total of 94 referred constipated pediatric patients, 63 boys and 31 girls (median age, 8.0 years), underwent colonic‐transittime measurements using radioopaque markers to evaluate the pattern of transit. In addition, orocecal‐transittime measurements using the hydrogen breath (lactulose) test, anorectal manometry, and behavior studies using the Child Behavior Checklist were performed in all children. Based on the upper limit (mean + 2 SD) of total colonic transit time (CTT) in constipated children, we arbitrarily separated patients into two groups. Children with CTTs >100 h were said to have pediatric slow‐transit constipation (PSTC), while patients with CTTs <100 h were said to have normal‐ or delayed‐transit constipation (NDTC). In 94 constipated children, PSTC was found in 24 children; in 70 children, total CTT was <100 h (NDTC). Total and segmental CTTs were significantly prolonged in PSTC (median, 189 h; range, 104.4‐384) versus NDTC (median, 46.8 h; range, 3.6‐99.4) hours. No significant differences were found in orocecal transit time. Significant clinical differences in children with PSTC versus those with NDTC existed regarding nighttime soiling (71 vs. 11%); daytime soiling episodes (14 vs. 7 each week, median), and nighttime soiling episodes (5 vs. 0 each week, median); absent urge to defecate (33 vs. 14%); and palpable abdominal (71 vs. 39%) and/or rectal (71 vs. 13%) masses. All manometric parameters were comparable in the two groups, except for a significantly lower maximal squeeze pressure with PSTC. Using the Child Behavior Checklist, both groups differed significantly from controls (26 and 43%, respectively), with no significant differences in behavior problems found between the NDTC and the PSTC groups. In conclusion, based on objective marker studies, our findings suggest the existence of pediatric slow‐transit constipation. This entity can be recognized by clinical features, most importantly nighttime soiling and a palpable rectal mass. The probability of PSTC with both of these symptoms was 0.82; in the absence of these two symptoms, it was 0.07. It is of interest that CTTs in PSTC are comparable with CTTs in adults with slow‐transit constipation, although the clinical presentation is clearly different. Further studies are needed to investigate whether the prolonged CTT characterizes a distinct form of constipation in children or is an epiphenomenon of the underlying constipation itself. The mechanisms responsible for the slow transit in these children and the appropriate therapeutic approach need to be studied.
Improving the Palatability of Oral Rehydration Solutions Has Implications for Salt and Water Transport: A Study in Animal Models
Authors: Dias J. A. , Thillainayagam A. V. , Hoekstra H. , Walker‐Smith J. A. , Farthing M. J. G. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIt is believed that improving the taste of oral rehydration solutions (ORSs) might lead to greater patient acceptability. A pilot trial showed that replacing glucose with sucrose and increasing the citrate concentration at the expense of chloride improves palatability. However, the transport implications of such modifications are not known. Three hypotonic experimental ORSs (Suc/cit‐ORS, 211 mosmol/kg; Suc/Cl‐ORS, 224 mosmol/kg; and Glu‐ORS, 224 mosmol/kg) were compared with a standard European ORS (Euro‐ORS, 265 mosmol/kg) by in vivo perfusion of entire rat small intestine in normal adult rats and rotavirus‐infected neonates. All ORSs were of identical sodium, potassium, chloride, and citrate content except that in the Suc/cit‐ORS, chloride was removed in favor of increased citrate, and the chloride concentration in Euro‐ORS was higher than in the others. Suc/cit‐ORS and Suc/Cl‐ORS had glucose partially replaced by sucrose while Glu‐ORS and Euro‐ORS contained only glucose. In normal small intestine, water absorption was greater from Glu‐ORS than Suc/cit‐ORS or Euro‐ORS, although water absorption was similar from Suc/cit‐ORS and Suc/Cl‐ORS. In the rotavirus model, Glu‐ORS produced more water absorption than Euro‐ORS or either sucrose ORS. In both models, Suc/cit‐ORS caused sodium and chloride secretion. Glucose absorption was similar from all ORSs. These findings indicate that attempts to improve ORS palatability by adding sucrose or increasing citrate at the expense of chloride would incur a significant penalty in terms of salt and water absorption.
The Role of Magnesium in the Pathogenesis of Bone Disease in Childhood Cholestatic Liver Disease: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Heubi James E. , Higgins James V. , Argao Eric A. , Sierra Rosa I. , Specker Bonny L. 
Published: February 2024

Background:Magnesium deficiency may contribute to the metabolic bone disease that complicates chronic cholestatic liver disease. We hypothesized that magnesium deficiency alters vitamin D metabolism by decreasing parathyroid hormone (PTH) response, resulting in decreased serum osteocalcin and decreased bone accretion.Methods:Nine subjects, age 3‐22 years, with cholestatic liver disease were evaluated with the magnesium retention test. The response of PTH, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D, and osteocalcin to provocative stimuli and dual x‐ray absorptiometry measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine were assessed. Thereafter, subjects were treated with oral magnesium supplements.Results:All nine subjects were magnesium depleted. Repletion with magnesium was successful in seven subjects, and required 4 to 31 (median 14) months with doses of 6 to 34 (median 11) mg/kg/day. Baseline serum PTH was significantly reduced in the cholestatic subjects compared to 15 age‐matched controls. Comparison of baseline to repleted provocative testing was performed in six Mg‐repleted subjects. Osteocalcin response increased significantly (p = 0.048) with repletion, while PTH response increased (p = 0.061). Lumbar spine BMD increased modestly with repletion (p = 0.093).Conclusions:This preliminary report suggests that magnesium depletion is extremely common in children with chronic cholestasis. We speculate that magnesium supplementation may be warranted to forestall the progression of metabolic bone disease in chronic cholestasis.