bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Integrated Operations in Order to Improve Quality of Health Care and Medical Evacuations from Offshore Installations
Authors: Evensen Arne M. C. , Fjærtoft Inger 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Since the early 1970s, thousands of patients offshore have been treated on board by our medical staff, in cooperation with our on-call onshore doctors. Several hundred patients have been evacuated to hospitals due to acute illness and serious injuries. Our present standards will be described, as will our perspectives on the future treatment of, for instance, acute cardiac disease and pre-hospital diagnosis through the transfer of electrocardiograms (ECG) and the use of telemedicine to obtain a medical diagnosis directly from the receiving hospital's emergency care unit.
Norwegian regulations require nurses to be present on all installations, with doctors available on call onshore. Compared with ordinary nurses onshore, offshore nurses have wider responsibilities in normal diagnostic consultations and in emergency situations. Today, doctors and nurses discuss specific patients and cases by telephone, and they exchange photos.
We wanted to use our experiences from integrated operations (IO) and from telemedicine to improve the offshore health care services, in order to provide better quality and integration of the people and organisations involved.
Together with the NST (Norwegian Centre for Telemedicine), we studied the possibility of providing medical advice and support through the use of Telemedicine. Valuable experiences from Telemedicine projects, such as expert opinions in training and diagnosis, and follow-up of patients in rural areas and surgery, were collected.
The use of IO for training, diagnostics and emergency situations will improve communication and cooperation between nurses offshore and doctors onshore. It may also enable advice to be given through video conferencing.
The NST conducted a risk assessment of these new work processes, with special attention being devoted to the electronic transfer of sensitive information (photos/videos and other personal health data). Thirty threats were identified. None of them had an unacceptable risk level given the recommended solutions and the information management system applied. No corrective actions need to be taken, but some small changes in the procedures were suggested in order to reduce risks related to confidentiality, integrity and availability.
We have recently started pilot projects on several platforms involving the extensive use of videoconferencing and sharing of real-time data. The equipment supports direct communication between the patient and nurse on the offshore installation and the doctor or hospital onshore.
The results of the pilot tests will be presented, as will perspectives on future development and the relevance of the risk assessment.
Management of Ectopic Maxillary Canines
Authors: Bjerklin Krister , Bondemark Lars 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To document and analyze factors involved in decision-making by orthodontists in managing disturbances of eruption of maxillary canines.
Materials and Methods: The participants comprised orthodontic specialists and active members of the Swedish Orthodontic Society. Those selected for the study sample were under 65 years of age or younger and had been treating orthodontic patients for at least 1 year as a specialist. Three typical cases were presented for treatment proposals. The case notes, including radiographs and specific background data, were sent to the 182 selected orthodontists. The orthodontists were also requested to complete a questionnaire about practice profile, comprising eight questions.
Results: The response rate was 86.3%; yielding 157 participants (mean age 53.8 years, SD 8.12). Analysis disclosed no differences between responders and nonresponders regarding age, gender, and years of specialist practice. For treatment plans based on panoramic radiographs, intraoral radiographs, and status and anamnesis, there was general consensus. However, when supplementary information from computer tomography (CT) was provided, disclosing root resorption half-way to the pulp or more on the lateral incisor, the orthodontists' treatment proposals varied. Gender, age, and practice profile of the orthodontists had little association with the decision-making.
Conclusions: Supplementary CT information led to variations in decision-making with respect to treatment of eruption disturbances of maxillary canines. This lack of consensus among specialist orthodontists can have negative implications for patients.
Masseter Muscular Weakness Affects Temporomandibular Synovitis Induced by Jaw Opening in Growing Rats
Authors: Ozaki Miho , Kaneko Sawa , Soma Kunimichi 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the influence of impaired masseter function during growth on the development of temporomandibular synovitis.
Materials and Methods: Sixteen 3-week-old male Wistar rats were classified into four groups. The first group served as control; and in the second group, jaw opening was forced for 3 hours when the rats were 9 weeks old. In the third and fourth groups, the masseter muscles were bilaterally resected at 3 weeks of age, and the rats in the fourth group were additionally forced to open their jaw at 9 weeks of age. All rats were sacrificed at 9 weeks. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tissue samples were processed for histology, and evaluated for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions by immunohistochemistry to examine the inflammatory changes in the synovial membrane.
Results: The control group showed noninflammatory changes. In the jaw-opening group, vascular dilation and weak COX-2 immunoreactivity were induced by jaw opening in the synovium. In the masseter-resection group, the masseter-resected rats exhibited moderate synovial changes while in the resection with opening group, the masseter-resected rats revealed more significant inflammatory changes including synovial hyperplasia, dilated vasculature, fibrin deposits, and intense immunoreactivity for COX-2 and iNOS, all caused by jaw opening.
Conclusions: These results suggest that masseter activity in the growth period is an important factor in the induction of temporomandibular synovitis.
Cytotoxicity of Two Autopolymerized Acrylic Resins Used in Orthodontics
Authors: Siqueira Gonçalves Tatiana , Minghelli Schmitt Virgínia , Thomas Melissa , Lopes de Souza Maria Antonieta , Macedo de Menezes Luciane 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To test in vitro the null hypothesis that the toxic effect of different acrylic resins used in orthodontics cannot be reduced when a prior elution is performed.
Materials and Methods: Three established cell lines were used (HeLa, NIH3T3, and Hep2) and cultured under standard conditions. Resin segments were immersed in a culture medium and left to elute for 24 and 48 hours. Cells were exposed to medium containing eluates for 24 or 48 hours. The 3-(4,5 dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2.5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used as the cytotoxicity test. Control cells contained standard medium with no eluate. Analysis of variance and Tukey test were used for statistical analysis.
Results: Fibroblastic viability was not affected when the elution time was 24 hours, but treatments showed higher cell viability than controls when the elution time was 48 hours. When left to elute for 24 hours, both resins had a cytotoxic effect on epithelial cells, but this effect was not observed when the elution time was 48 hours.
Conclusions: The hypothesis was rejected as both tested materials showed lower cytotoxic effect when treated with 48-hour elutes compared with 24-hour elutes, which indicates that a longer elution time reduces resin toxicity.
Different Lingual Retainer Composites and the Microleakage between Enamel-Composite and Wire-Composite Interfaces
Authors: Uysal Tancan , Ulker Mustafa , Baysal Asli , Usumez Serdar 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To assess microleakage of enamel-composite and wire-composite interfaces when retainer wires were bonded with two orthodontic and a flowable composites.
Materials and Methods: Forty-five freshly extracted human mandibular canine teeth were used in this study. Teeth were separated into three groups of 15 teeth each. Round stainless-steel wire of 0.36-in. diameter in three groups was bonded to enamel by Transbond XT (3M Unitek), Transbond LR (3M Unitek), and Venus Flow (Heraeus Kulzer) composites. Specimens were further sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsine for 24 hours, sectioned and examined under a stereomicroscope, and scored for microleakage for the enamel-composite and wire-composite interfaces from mesial and distal margins. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests.
Results: Little or no microleakage was determined at the mesial and distal sides for three composites in two different interfaces, and these findings were not statistically significant (P &gt; .05). No statistically significant differences were observed among all composite groups for the microleakage with either of the interfaces. Venus Flow in the enamel-composite interface and Transbond LR in the wire-composite interface exhibited no microleakage.
Conclusion: The presence of wire in the mesial portion of the lingual retainer did not increase the microleakage at the enamel-composite and wire-composite interfaces in all groups. The microleakage results in this study support the use of all these composites in routine orthodontic practice.
Clinical Evaluation of Bracket Bonding Using Two Different Polymerization Sources
Authors: Koupis Nikolaos S. , Eliades Theodore , Athanasiou Athanasios E. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To comparatively assess clinical failure rate of brackets cured with two different photopolymerization sources after nine months of orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods: The sample of this study comprised 30 patients who received comprehensive orthodontic treatment by means of fixed appliances. Using the same adhesive, 600 stainless steel brackets were directly bonded and light cured for 10 seconds with the light-emitting diode (LED) lamp or for 20 seconds with the conventional halogen lamp. A split-mouth design randomly alternated from patient to patient was applied. Failure rates were recorded for nine months and analyzed with Pearson χ2 test, and log-rank test at α = .05 level of significance.
Results: The overall failure rate recorded with the halogen unit (3.33%) was not significantly different from the failure rate for the LED lamp (5.00%). Significantly more failures were found in boys compared with girls, in the mandibular dental arch compared with the maxillary arch, and in posterior segments compared with anterior segments. However, no significant difference was found between the right and left segments.
Conclusion: Both light-curing units showed sufficiently low bond failure rates. LED curing units are an advantageous alternative to conventional halogen sources in orthodontics because they enable a reduced chair-time bonding procedure without significantly affecting bond failure rate.
Glenoid Fossa Position in Class II Malocclusion Associated with Mandibular Retrusion
Authors: Giuntini Veronica , Toffol Laura De , Franchi Lorenzo , Baccetti Tiziano 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To assess the position of the glenoid fossa in subjects with Class II malocclusion associated with mandibular retrusion and normal mandibular size in the mixed dentition.
Materials and Methods: A sample of 30 subjects (16 male, 14 female), age 9 years ± 6 months, with skeletal and dental Class II malocclusion associated with mandibular retrusion, normal skeletal vertical relationships, and normal mandibular dimensions, was compared with a matched group of 37 subjects (18 male, 19 female) with skeletal and dental Class I relationships. The comparisons between the Class II group and the control group on the cephalometric measures for the assessment of glenoid fossa position were performed by means of a nonparametric test for independent samples (Mann-Whitney U-test, P &lt; .05).
Results: Subjects with Class II malocclusion presented with a significantly more distal position of the glenoid fossa, when compared with the control group as measured by means of three parameters (GF-S on FH, GF-Ptm on FH, and GF-FMN).
Conclusions: A posteriorly displaced glenoid fossa is a possible diagnostic feature of Class II malocclusion associated with mandibular retrusion. An effective cephalometric measurement to evaluate glenoid fossa position is the distance from the glenoid fossa to the frontomaxillonasal suture (GF-FMN).
Relative Esthetic Importance of Orthodontic and Color Abnormalities
Authors: Lawson Jessica , Warren John J. , Levy Steven M. , Broffitt Barbara , Bishara Samir E. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To assess the relative importance of an orthodontic esthetic index, dental fluorosis and nonfluoride opacities, with respect to parents' satisfaction with their children's dental esthetics.
Materials and Methods: Dental examinations of Iowa Fluoride Study participants assessed fluorosis and nonfluoride opacities in the mixed dentition. Dental casts of 200 randomly selected subjects were scored using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) criteria. Parent satisfaction was assessed via multiple items on a questionnaire. Associations were evaluated using logistic regression.
Results: Nineteen percent of parents were somewhat or very dissatisfied with their children's dental esthetics. Overall DAI score was positively associated with dissatisfaction (P &lt; .001), as was fluorosis (P = .003).
Conclusions: In addition to changes related to DAI scores, parent esthetic satisfaction decreased with the presence of fluorosis. Dental professionals should address both the issues of tooth positioning and color aberration with respect to dental esthetics.
Porcelain Refinishing with Two Different Polishing Systems after Orthodontic Debonding
Authors: Karan Sevinc , Toroglu Mustafa Serdar 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To compare the effects of two polishing systems on the surface roughness of three types of porcelain after orthodontic debonding.
Materials and Methods: A total of 90 porcelain discs were fabricated from feldspathic (n = 30), leucite-based (n = 30) or lithia disilicate–based (n = 30) ceramics. Ten samples in each group served as the control and received no surface treatment. The remaining 60 samples in three of the porcelain groups were bonded with lower incisor brackets and debonded using a testing machine in shear mode at a rate of 1 mm/minute crosshead speed. After debonding, the remaining adhesive resin was removed with a tungsten carbide bur. Then, two experimental subgroups (10 each) in each porcelain group were treated as follows: in the first subgroup, porcelain polishing wheel and polishing paste were applied, whereas in the second, polishing was performed using a series of Sof-Lex discs. The average surface roughness (Ra) of the all samples was evaluated using SPM/AFM (surface probe microscope/atomic force microscope). Data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance for each porcelain material and polishing method.
Results: The polishing techniques affected surface roughness significantly. There were significant differences between the groups; higher Ra values were obtained with the use of porcelain polishing wheel and polishing paste (P &lt; .001).
Conclusion: The application of Sof-Lex discs can produce smoother porcelain surfaces than porcelain polishing wheel and polishing paste.
Stability of Zygomatic Plate-Screw Orthodontic Anchorage System
Authors: Veziroglu Firdevs , Uckan Sina , Ozden Utku Ahmet , Arman Ayca 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the biomechanical properties of a standard and a newly designed plate-screw orthodontic anchorage system.Materials and Methods: A three-dimensional model of the posterior maxilla, including the zygomatic buttress region, was prepared. Insertion of standard and newly designed plates was simulated on the three-dimensional model. The effect of 200 g of orthodontic force on the plate, screws, and zygomatic bone was evaluated in three-dimensional models by finite element analysis. To determine the force distribution, Von Mises stress, principal maximum and minimum stress, and principal maximum and minimum elastic strain values were evaluated.Results: In all plate models the highest stresses occurred on the threaded bone site where the force application unit was attached.Conclusion: Changing the plate configuration did not affect the stress distribution in the newly designed plates. To equalize the force distribution, new plate designs that change the location of the force application unit are required.
Taurodontism and Van der Woude Syndrome
Authors: Nawa Hiroyuki , Oberoi Snehlata , Vargervik Karin 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To report the occurrence of taurodontism in a clinical sample of Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) and describe its association with hypodontia and cleft type.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out on chart reviews and radiographs of 13 persons with VWS. Mean age was 10 years 11 months ± 1 year 5 months. Panoramic radiographs were used to confirm the presence or absence of teeth and to measure crown body and root lengths of mandibular first molars. Three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CT) scans were available on two persons with VWS. Both volumetric and linear measurements were obtained.
Results: The occurrence of taurodontism of the mandibular first molar was 35%: 27% hypodont and 8% mesodont. Of the 13 subjects with VWS, 6 (4 males and 2 females) had at least one tooth identified with taurodontism. Half of the cases were unilateral and half were bilateral, and all of the unilateral cases were on the left side. Five of the six subjects with taurodontism had missing incisors and premolars. Taurodontism was two times more frequent in those who were missing their second premolars than in those who had their second premolars. There was no correlation between cleft type and presence of taurodontism. The cone beam CT pilot study on two persons showed very abnormal morphology of both crown and roots, which was not apparent on the standard panoramic radiograph. Both the volumetric and linear measurements of the ratio of crown body to root were highly indicative of taurodontism. Further genetic studies are needed.
Conclusion: There is a likely association between VWS and taurodontism.
Malocclusion Traits and Orthodontic Treatment Needs in Prematurely Born Children
Authors: Paulsson Liselotte , Söderfeldt Björn , Bondemark Lars 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate if prematurely born children have higher prevalence of malocclusion traits and greater orthodontic treatment need than matched full-term born controls.
Materials and Methods: Seventy-three preterm children were selected from the Medical Birth Register and divided into two subgroups according to their gestational age. One group consisted of 37 very preterm children (VPT), born in gestational week 29–32, and the other of 36 extremely preterm children (EPT), born before the 29th gestational week. The subjects were compared with a control group of 41 full-term children, who were matched for sex, age, and nationality. Data from clinical examinations, study casts, and panoramic radiographs were used to determine malocclusion traits. The dental health component of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) was used to rank the treatment need.
Results: Two or more malocclusion traits occurred significantly more often among EPT (83.3%) and VPT children (73.0%), compared with the full-term children (51.2%). Significantly higher prevalence of deep bites and was found in EPT and VPT groups compared with the full-term control group. Deep bite was the most common malocclusion trait in the EPT and VPT group. Higher orthodontic treatment need was found for the preterm children but no differences in prevalence of malocclusion traits and treatment need were found between VPT and EPT children.
Conclusion: The clinician should be aware of the potential for a higher number of malocclusion traits and greater orthodontic treatment need in prematurely born children compared with full-term children.
Maxillary Canine-First Premolar Transposition in the Permanent Dentition
Authors: Babacan Hasan , Kiliç Banu , Biçakçi Altuğ 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Maxillary canine premolar transposition is the most frequently reported transposition type, which many orthodontists face. Although correcting the transposed tooth order is not advised after the eruption of the permanent tooth, several articles published in the last decade demonstrated nonextraction treatment of transposition using fixed mechanics. This article describes the nonextraction treatment of a complete transposition between a maxillary left canine and a first premolar, using similar mechanics as suggested earlier. The correct tooth order was established with a functional Class I canine and molar relationship at the end of treatment. Although triangular cortical bone resorption at the vestibule of the canine root was detected on computed tomography at the end of treatment, spontaneous regeneration of bone tissue at the resorption area was present on the postretention computed tomography scan.
In Vitro Frictional Forces Generated by Three Different Ligation Methods
Authors: Gandini Paola , Orsi Linda , Bertoncini Chiara , Massironi Sarah , Franchi Lorenzo 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the frictional forces produced by a passive self-ligating bracket (SLB) in vitro and a conventional bracket (CB) used with two types of elastomeric ligatures.
Materials and Method: The brackets, wires and ligation methods used in vitro were a passive SLB and a CB used with two types of elastomeric ligatures (conventional elastomeric ligature [CEL] and unconventional elastomeric ligatures [UEL]). The bracket ligation systems were tested with two types of wires (0.014″ super elastic nickel titanium wire and 0.019″ × 0.025″ stainless steel wire). Resistance to sliding of the bracket/wire/ligature systems was measured with an experimental model mounted on the crosshead of an Instron testing machine with a 10 N load cell. Each sample was tested 10 consecutive times under a dry state.
Results: Frictional forces close to 0 g were recorded in all tests with SLB and in all tests with UEL on CB with both wire types. Resistance to sliding increased significantly (87–177 g) (P &lt; .05) when CEL on CB was used with both wires.
Conclusion: UELs may represent a valid alternative to passive SLBs for low-friction biomechanics.