bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Book boom in Tehran
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2007

The US Ambassador's Mission to Iran has sold 300,000 copies; the Shah's book is banned; a biography of Robespierre is popular but the bestseller is Orwell's Animal Farm. Interest in Marxism and religion is waning, but banned Iranian writers flourish in samizdat. The following article was written for the first issue of Kayhan, an émigré Persian language weekly first published in London on 11 June. Kayhan was originally founded as an independent daily in Tehran in 1941 and became the largest circulation newspaper in Iran. In September 1979 the Iranian revolutionary authorities took it over and now it is run by the Foundation of the Disinherited, an official organisation. Kayhan's former proprietor and editors left the country and are now responsible for the London Kayhan. The article was written by one of its correspondents in Tehran who prefers to remain anonymous.
Nightmare country
Authors: Kihazo David 
Published: October 2007

David Kihazo is in his early 30s. He became an undergraduate student of English literature at Makerere University in 1971, the year in which Idi Amin seized power. His closest mentor was David Rubadiri, poet and academic, who as a Malawian found his position increasingly untenable and finally had to go into exile from Uganda'. David Kihazo has been a secondary school teacher and a Makerere Fellow in Creative Writing, when he was able to develop his talent for and interest in drama. He is at present Editor (correspondence courses) in the University's Centre for Continuing Education. The problem for him and for many other members of staff at Makerere is that, in their perception, the expectation of improvement in their own condition and the condition of the country after the defeat of the Amin regime has not been realised. The solidarity of Makerere staff has collapsed now that the pressures remembered in this article have gone and other types of pressure (ethnic and religious) have appeared, leading to fission and new demoralisation in the university community. Despondency among younger staff such as Kihazo has been increased by economic hardship. An assistant lecturer's salary for a month will buy one bunch of matoke (plantain), the staple foodstuff; this will last for about a week. Nothing is left over for any other needs and under-nourishment leads to further lowering of spirits. Makerere staff spend much time hunting for money to live on (a professor will use his old car as a taxi, a woman lecturer spends spare time at the market) and many take refuge in alcohol as the quickest way out of their predicament. There is also cynicism among young intellectuals at the sight of former exiles now mysteriously wealthy. Kihazo himself feels he is in a dead-end, rather mechanical job. The typical ‘qualification inflation’ of the Third World means that his talents and background are not enough to secure him an academic post (for that, he needs a Master's degree and the university has no money for staff development for persons who are not already in an academic post). He is still valiantly creative; both in spoken and written words, but he and his friends constantly explore the question: ‘What went wrong?’ The trauma suffered under Amin is still vividly with them and they necessarily continue to explore it and the intellectual listlessness and apathy which seem to have followed. The author has had a collection of his poems published in Uganda and some have been anthologised internationally.
Whither India?: How free is the Indian press and what is the future of India's much-prized democracy?
Authors: Theiner George 
Published: October 2007

While on an official visit to Britain in September 1983, Mr Justice A. N. Grover, Chairman of the Press Council of India, expressed a wish to visit our office and talk to us about our coverage of his country. We were flattered that Index should figure on Mr Grover's list, together with the BBC, ITV, The Times, the NUJ, and the British Press Council, but somewhat surprised by his criticism, which can be summed up as follows: ‘You did a marvellous job in criticising Mrs Gandhi and supporting her opponents during the Emergency, when censorship was brought in, journalists and editors were arrested and detained, and the freedoms of which India is justly proud ceased to exist. Why, though, do you now continue to write about India? The Emergency ended six and a half years ago and we again have a free press, which does not suffer from any interference by the government and is only subject to the supervision of the Press Council, a completely independent body. India has a democratic system of government, and freedom of the press constitutes one of its pillars.’ Mr Justice Grover's complaint about Index was directed at two items which appeared in the course of the previous year: an article on ‘India's Press’ by Kalpana Sharma, who as Editor of Himmat had earned our admiration during the Emergency; and four mentions of India in our chronicle section, Index/ Index, in particular a reference (in Index 3/1982) to reports of ‘harassment, arbitrary arrests and murders of journalists over the past few months’. If a journalist gets shot or stabbed somewhere in the provinces, that has nothing to do with the government, Mr Justice Grover argued, so why report it as if it were a curb on the freedom of the press? I explained that Index does not limit itself exclusively to criticising governments for their acts of censorship but tries to give a wider picture of the problems and dangers faced by journalists and others in the context of freedom of expression, but when my distinguished visitor left I felt that he was not convinced. Sitting in London, I am painfully aware how very different a country seems to be, depending on one's point of view: depending, that is, on whether one lives in that country or outside it. I therefore welcomed the opportunity — with which an invitation in March this year to attend a conference and give several talks on freedom of expression presented me — to go to India and find out for myself.
Remove the chains: South African censorship and the black writer
Authors: Tlali Miriam 
Published: October 2007

The Amsterdam Comité tegen Censuur (‘Committee Against Censorship’ which was set up by the SLAA literary association last year as a Dutch offshoot of Index) has organised a series of talks by well-known writers on various aspects of censorship and repression. The first of these talks was given in June by the Uruguayan poet Mario Benedetti. In the second, on 11 September, the South African novelist Miriam Tlali dealt with the problems facing a black writer in her native land, and in particular with the even greater obstacles which a black woman writer has to overcome. This is an edited version of Miriam Tlali's text.
The Minutes of the Thought-Police
Authors: Seymour James 
Published: October 2007

The leaked minutes of a high-level meeting on 17 October 1984 reveal the plans of Taiwan's military government for further suppressing ‘thought pollution’, ‘cultural pollution’ and ‘illegal opinions’ The following are the minutes of a secret meeting of high officials in Taiwan in which the participants discuss how political dissent, especially unofficial magazines, can most effectively be controlled or repressed. The island is ruled under martial law administered by the Taiwan Garrison Command, which explains why most of those taking part in this meeting are military figures. Taiwan also has numerous other security agencies, many of which were represented at the meeting. The document was leaked from within the Taiwan government, and made public by three men sued in the Peng-lai Tao ( ‘Neo-Formosa’) magazine case, which is referred to in the document. Their purpose in releasing it was to demonstrate that the ‘libel suit’ which had been brought against them was actually part of the government's campaign of political repression. The text is taken from the Chinese-language weekly Fa-yang ( ‘Development’) No 11, 21 January 1985. Fa-yang attempted to publish the text, but the government discovered the magazine's plans. The issue was banned and Fa-yang has been suspended from publication for one year. Two other independent magazines also attempted to publish this document. One was Dongbei Feng, No 3, 22 January 1985 (actually, Neo-Formosa under a new name), which was banned and confiscated. The other was the moderate magazine The Asian, No 1, 19 January 1985, half of whose press run of 20,000 copies was confiscated. Although outlawed, many copies of the magazines with the document which we print here were circulated underground. The document has been seen by a high party official, who implicitly confirmed its authenticity. Minor deletions and explanatory comments are given in square brackets. Transliterated names are given in the manner preferred by the Chinese Nationalists (roughly approximating to the Wade-Giles system). Otherwise, however, the transliteration follows the more internationally recognised pinyin system. In addtion to the minutes, other documents have come to light such as a table of projects to be undertaken by the government against dissidents. This table (in Chinese) is available from the Society for the Protection of East Asians’ Human Rights, PO Box 1212, New York, NY 10025, USA. James D. Seymour, an Associate Research Scholar at the East Asian Institute of Columbia University (New York), comments on the leaked minutes and Taiwan's system of censorship and repression.
Poems
Authors: Ataie Iraj Jannatie 
Published: October 2007

Iraj Jannatie Ataie (b. 1947), renowned in Iran as a poet, playwright and songwriter, was imprisoned under the Shah and is now in exile from the Khomeini regime. He lives in Britain, where several of his plays have recently been staged to great critical acclaim. Prometheus in Evin, staged in Farsi at the Royal Court in London last year, was hailed by The Guardian as ‘a brilliant and compelling universal story … which must place [Ataie] in the forefront of international playwrights today’. The play, which examines with ruthless honesty the lot of. the intellectual under repressive regimes, has now been produced in English (in Ataie's own translation) by the Mazdak Theatre Group (Young Vic Studio, 3–22 October 1988). A benefit reading of Ataie's poems, in aid of the Kurdish refugees, will be held at the Young Vic on 16 October 1988. The poems below were written in English.
Colonel Fazzoletto's barbecue
Authors: Paoletti Mario 
Published: October 2007

An award-winning writer born in Buenos Aires in 1940,Mario Paoletti became deputy editor of the newspaper El Independiente, in La Rioja Province, in 1960. In 1976, when the armed forces took over government, El Independiente was stormed by troops and many of its staff were arrested. Paoletti spent over four years in various prisons in Argentina, without charge or trial, accused of being an 'ideological delinquent'. In 1980, on his release, he went to live in Toledo, Spain, where he still lives. Colonel Fazzoletto's barbecue will be included in Hand in Hand Alongside the Tracks — Argentine Stories, to be published by Constable, London, in February 1992.
A prayer for Chernobyl
Authors: Aleksiyevich Svetlana 
Published: October 2007

On 26 April 1986, at 01.23 hours and 58 seconds, a series of explosions destroyed the nuclear reactor and building of the fourth power generator unit of Chernobyl atomic power station. During World War II, the German fascists destroyed 619 Belarusian villages along with their inhabitants. As a result of the Chernobyl disaster, the country lost 485 villages and hamlets. During the war, one in four Belarusians lost their lives. After Chernobyl, one in five Belarusians, 2.1 million people, are living in contaminated territory. Seven hundred thousand of these are children. Ongoing low level radiation results in a year on year increase in the number of Belarusans suffering from cancers, mental debility, neuro-psychological disorders,and genetic mutations. 'Chernobyl' volume of the Belarusian Encyclopaedia, Minsk, 1996.
Soldiers' tales
Authors: Mater Nadire 
Published: October 2007

Mehmedin Kitab (Mehmed's Book) by Nadire Mater is the Story of life in the Turkish army on the southeastern front as told by 42 of the 220,000 conscripts who have fought for their country in its civil war against the Kurds. On 23 June this year Mehmedin Kitab: soldiers who have fought in the Southeast speak out, to give it its full title, was banned by an Istanbul court on charges of 'insulting and belittling the military'. The court also ordered the seizure of all existing copies. The military took its time: the book had been around since April and was already in its fourth reprint when it made its views known. Maybe it was the prospect of an English-language translation, already delivered to an editor with a view to UK or US publication, that alarmed the sclerotic generals who still rule Turkey. This is undoubtedly one of the most important and explosive books to come out of Turkey in the last decade. The soldiers' testimony exposes the army, the politicians and makes it clear that this is an 'unnecessary' and 'unjust' war that is driving the country to bankcrupcy and political suicide. 'I fear we are storing up the wrath to come,' says one of the 'Mehmets' - a generic term for the conscript squaddies
Accounting for scattering directivity and fish behaviour in multibeam-echosounder surveys
Authors: Cutter George R. , Demer David A. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Cutter, G. R. Jr and Demer, D. A. 2007. Accounting for scattering directivity and fish behaviour in multibeam-echosounder surveys. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64. Multibeam echosounders can improve the efficiency and the precision of acoustic-survey estimates by providing greater sampling volumes than single-beam echosounders. For a multibeam echosounder, the target strength of fish can vary with its pitch, roll, and yaw. Here, normalized, acoustic backscatter patterns from fish schools are modelled by beam-incidence angle,0–180°, considering the scattering-directivity patterns of each fish. Variation of pitch angle causes a decrease in the mean and an increase in the variance of the backscatter in the vertical beam, but has no effect on the backscatter in the outer beams. Conversely, variation of the yaw causes a decrease in the mean and an increase in the variance of the backscatter in only the outer beams. Because the fish-scattering model predicts different backscatter at dorsal- vs. lateral-incidence angles, backscatter did vary with roll angle. In the hypothetical case of fish avoiding a vessel, the backscatter decreases strongly the outer beams. The results of the model were compared with multibeam measurements of fish schools. In general, the measured mean backscatter vs. beam-incidence angle was nearly uniform. The methods described here provide an approach to accounting for scattering directivity and fish behaviour in multibeam-echosounder surveys.
Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Barley Oil Prepared from Germ and Other Fractions from Scarification and Sieving of Hulless Barley
Authors: Moreau Robert A. , Wayns Kevin E. , Flores Rolando A. , Hicks Kevin B. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTTwo cultivars of hulless barley (Doyce and Merlin) were scarified to abrade the outer layers of the kernels (germ, pericarp, and aleurone). The resulting scarification fines fractions were then separated into four particle‐size subfractions using sieves. Each of the size subfractions was then extracted with hexane to produce a barley oil, and the levels of free phytosterols, tocopherols, and tocotrienols in the various barley oils were compared. For both cultivars, the fraction with the largest particle size (0.717–1.410 mm) had the highest oil yields (11–12%). Visual examination of this fraction indicated that it consisted almost entirely of small fragments (≈1 mm) of the germ portion of the kernel. The levels of tocopherols were highest in the largest particle‐size fraction and their proportion decreased in the fractions with decreasing particle size. In contrast, the levels of tocotrienols were very low in the largest particle‐size fraction and increased in the fractions with decreasing particle sizes. Intact germ was also prepared by hand‐dissection, extracted, and analyzed. The results indicate that the ≈1 mm germ fragments obtained by scarification‐sieving consisted almost entirely of germ fragments, but these fragments represented only 17.5 and 23.7% of the total mass of the germ, from Merlin and Doyce, respectively. These results also suggest that it may be possible to control the concentrations of tocopherols and tocotrienols in barley oil by controlling the particle size of the feedstock used to extract the oil. Germ fragments isolated by such processes could potentially be used as functional food ingredients or extracted to yield oils enriched in health‐promoting phytosterols, tocopherols, or tocotrienols.
Corrosion of metals at indoor conditions in the electronics manufacturing industry
Authors: Lopez B.G. , Valdez S.B. , Zlatev K.R. , Flores P.J. , Carrillo B.M. , Schorr W.M. 
Published: October 2007

PurposeAggressive environments that enhance indoor corrosion in industrial plants decrease the yielding of electronic equipment, causing electrical failures. The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate corrosion rates in metals used in electronic devices as a function of temperature, humidity and the concentrations of some air pollutants in order to predict the optimal conditions preventing or minimizing corrosion.Design/methodology/approachAtmospheric pollutants mainly sulphur oxides, penetrating through small crevices and holes into electronic plants in combination with climatic factors such as humidity and heat, promote corrosion. The corrosion rate of the five most used metals in the electronics industry: carbon steel, copper, nickel, silver, and tin, were studied gravimetrically as a function of variations in humidity, temperature and air pollutant concentrations from 2003 to 2005. The samples were exposed in an instrumented boot to indoor conditions and gravimetric measurements were performed together with measurements of the above‐mentioned parameters. Mathematical simulation applying Math Lab software was carried out as well. The ternary diagrams for pollutants, temperature and relative humidity were applied as a useful tool to correlate these parameters in indoor conditions with the corrosion rate of metals applied in the electronics industry.FindingsThe obtained results have shown that the presence of even small concentrations of air pollutants promoted corrosion processes when time of wetness conditions were reached.Practical implicationsThe study was carried out in order to minimize the corrosion losses of the electronic plants situated especially in Mexicali City located on a semi‐desert zone in the Northwest of Mexico.Originality/valueThis paper establishes the relationship of variations of pollutants concentration, temperature and the relative humidity with the corrosion rate of metals in indoor conditions in the electronics industry located in the semi‐arid zone of Mexicali. Design was characterized and simulated using the MathLab software.
Librarianship: how is the future perceived by librarians in Pakistan?
Authors: Shafique Farzana 
Published: October 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review librarianship in different eras and throw light on its foreseeable future, as seen through the eyes of new librarians in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a literature search, website visits, personal communication with related experts and interviews of future librarians. A purposive sample of 20 students of the final semester from the Department of Library and Information Science, University of the Punjab was chosen.FindingsThe electronic environment of the 21st century will demand a range of skills from librarians. Technology alone cannot help bring about the required changes. Attitudes, practices and policies need to change if libraries are to truly benefit themselves and their community of users by the application of new technologies.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is mostly based on a small sample of future librarians” perception and researcher”s perception acquired through literature review and personal communication with experts.Practical implicationsThe paper can be helpful for both working and future library professionals in planning their professional future tracks.Originality/valueThe paper provides an overview of librarianship in different eras and provides a thorough understanding of the foreseeable future as seen through the eyes of newly qualified Pakistani librarians.
Creating the customer‐responsive supply chain: a reconciliation of concepts
Authors: Reichhart Andreas , Holweg Matthias 
Published: October 2007

PurposeWhile the concept of supply chain responsiveness (SCR) has received considerable attention in the operations management literature, mostly under the auspices of concepts such as build‐to‐order, mass customisation, lean and agility, so far there is a lack of comprehensive definition of SCR, as well as a defined relationship between “responsiveness” and “flexibility”. Also, the frameworks at hand tend to consider only a subset of factors previously identified in the literature, and thus do not comprehensively portray the cause‐and‐effect relationships involved. This paper aims to address these gaps.Design/methodology/approachThe paper synthesises the existing contributions to manufacturing and supply chain flexibility and responsiveness, and draws on various related bodies of literature that affect a supply chain's responsiveness such as the discussion of product architecture and modularisation.FindingsFour types of responsiveness are identified: product, volume, mix, and delivery, all of which can relate to different time horizons, and can be present as either potential or demonstrated responsiveness. It is argued that a supply chain can feature different levels of responsiveness at different tiers, depending on the configuration of the individual nodes, as well as the integration thereof. Furthermore, a holistic framework is proposed, distinguishing between requiring and enabling factors for responsiveness, identifying the key relationships within and between these two categories.Research limitations/implicationsThe definition and framework proposed provide novel insights into the concept of SCR as well as a clear terminology that will inform future research. The framework developed in this paper is suitable for both qualitative and holistic quantitative studies.Originality/valueIn addition to a detailed review of the factors associated with SCR, a generic definition of responsiveness is developed. The paper proposes a definition of four types of responsiveness which will support further empirical studies into the concept and its application. Furthermore, a holistic framework is developed that allows for cause‐and‐effect relationships to be investigated and dependencies to be identified.
Inter‐relation of the structural variation theorems and the force method
Authors: Kaveh A. , Najimi M. 
Published: October 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to study the variation theorems for pin‐jointed structures and rigid‐jointed frames.Design/methodology/approachThe generalized force method is explained in a form to illustrate the parallelism of this method and the variation theorem approaches. The inter‐relation between the variation theorems and the force method is then established.FindingsExamples are presented to illustrate the above‐mentioned parallelism.Originality/valueThe paper shows the power of the force method as a basis of variation theorems.