bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental rotation and language in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Larson Caroline , Bochynska Agata , Vulchanova Mila 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThough visuospatial skills are often considered a relative strength in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), unexplained difficulties relative to neurotypical (NT) peers have also been observed. Dissociations between spatial cognition and language skills in ASD may explain these difficulties given that these systems are linked in NT individuals. The current study examined performance on a mental rotation task that systematically varied stimulus features and the degree to which performance was associated with language in ASD relative to NT peers. Participants were children and young adults with ASD and 25 pairwise age‐ and IQ‐matched NT peers (p's>0.53). The mental rotation task involved four conditions: two‐dimensional (2D) abstract figures, three‐dimensional (3D) abstract figures, 2D common objects, and 3D common objects. Structural language was measured using the grammar subscale from the Test of Language Development: Intermediate adapted for Norwegian. Mixed‐effects model results indicated that autistic individuals were less accurate and had slower reaction time across mental rotation task conditions than NT peers. Language was associated with mental rotation accuracy for both groups across conditions, but with reaction time only for the NT group. The current study demonstrated selective associations between language and performance on a classic spatial cognition task in autistic individuals. Namely, there was a dissociation between language and in‐the‐moment efficiency in the ASD group, and this dissociation may reflect a broader dissociation between visuospatial and language systems.
Sex‐dependent alterations of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and histopathology of the brain‐gut axis in a VPA‐induced autistic‐like model of rats
Authors: Salari Zahra , Moslemizadeh Amirhossein , Tezerji Sara Sheibani , Sabet Nazanin , Parizi Ali Saeidpour , Khaksari Mohammad , Sheibani Vahid , Jafari Elham , Shafieipour Sara , Bashiri Hamideh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn this study, we aimed to investigate the inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and histopathological consequences of the brain‐gut axis in male and female rats prenatally exposed to VPA.MethodsPregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. The animals received saline, and valproic acid (VPA) (600 mg/kg, i.p.) on embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5). All offspring were weaned on postnatal day 21, and the experiments were done in male and female rats on day 60. The brain and intestine tissues were extracted to assess histopathology, inflammation, and oxidative stress.ResultsAn increase of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and a decrease of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) were observed in the two sexes and two tissues of the autistic rats. In the VPA‐exposed animals, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) increased in the brain of both sexes and the intestines of only the males. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) significantly decreased in both tissues of male and female autistic groups. Histopathological evaluation showed that the %apoptosis of the cortex in the autistic male and female groups was more than in controls whereas this parameter in the CA1 and CA3 was significant only in the male rats. In the intestine, histopathologic changes were seen only in the male autistic animals.ConclusionThe inflammatory and antioxidant factors were in line in the brain‐gut axis in male and female rats prenatally exposed to VPA. Histopathological consequences were more significant in the VPA‐exposed male animals.
Acid‐free and highly efficient one‐step nitration of naphthalene with NO2 promoted by O2‐Ac2O in Fe‐ and Cu‐modified S2O82−/ZrO2 catalyst to 1,5‐dinitronaphthalene under mild conditions
Authors: Yan Jiaqi , Zhang Xiaowen , Zhao Fangfang , You Kuiyi , Luo He'an 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt is crucial to develop an acid‐free, mild, and efficient strategy for preparing 1,5‐dinitronaphthalene (1,5‐DNN) from naphthalene (NT). This work presented a one‐step NT nitration method using NO2 conjugated to an O2‐Ac2O system over Fe‐/Cu‐modified S2O82−/ZrO2 catalyst (). The effects of different nitration systems and Fe‐/Cu‐modified ZrO2 with various sulphur sources on NT nitration have been studied. Under optimal conditions, 99.5% of the NT conversion with 56.9% selectivity to 1,5‐DNN was obtained. Synergistic catalysis between the strong acid site and the current nitration system remarkably improved the 1,5‐DNN selectivity. The characterization results demonstrated that the appropriate Fe/Cu metals loadings combined with the covalent persulphates promoted the formation of more active tetragonal ZrO2. Chemical bonding of Zr4+ with S2O82− species allowed S6+ more electrons to withdraw than in SO42− species, which led to stronger acidity and better catalytic activity in the catalyst. Moreover, a plausible catalytic nitration reaction mechanism was proposed. The findings revealed that mild reaction conditions, combined with a solid superacid catalyst and NO2‐O2‐Ac2O system, offer significant advantages in reducing acid wastewater discharge and increasing target product selectivity.
Video capsule endoscopy in overt and occult obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: Insights from a single‐center, observational study in Japan
Authors: Tojo Anna , Sujino Tomohisa , Hayashi Yukie , Kamiya Kenji J L Limpias , Sato Moe , Hinako Sakurai , Yoshimatsu Yusuke , Kinoshita Satoshi , Kiyohara Hiroki , Mikami Yohei , Takabayashi Kaoru , Kato Motohiko , Ogata Haruhiko , Kanai Takanori , Hosoe Naoki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the use of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB), compare cases of overt and occult OGIB, assess the rates of balloon‐assisted enteroscopy (BAE) interventions and rebleeding, and identify predictive markers of positive VCE findings.MethodsMedical records of 430 patients who underwent VCE for OGIB between 2004 and 2022 were analyzed. Occult OGIB was defined as IDA or positive fecal occult blood, whereas overt OGIB was defined as clinically imperceptible bleeding. We retrospectively analyzed demographics, VCE findings based on Saurin classification (P0, P1, and P2), outcome of BAE interventions, and rebleeding rates.ResultsA total of 253 patients with overt OGIB and 177 with occult OGIB were included. P1 findings were predominant in both groups, with a similar distribution. The percentage of patients receiving conservative therapy was higher in P1 than in P2 for both overt and occult OGIB. BAE was more frequently performed in P2 than in P1 VCE (83.0% vs. 35.3% in overt OGIB, 84.4% vs. 24.4% in occult OGIB). The percentage of positive findings and intervention in total BAE performed patients were comparable in P1 and P2 of overt OGIB, whereas these percentages in P2 were more than P1 of occult OGIB.ConclusionVCE effectively identified OGIB lesions requiring intervention, particularly occult OGIB lesions, potentially reducing unnecessary BAE. Rebleeding rates varied according to the VCE findings, emphasizing the importance of follow‐up in high‐risk patients.
Epigenetic programming of stochastic olfactory receptor choice
Authors: Yusuf Nusrath , Monahan Kevin 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe mammalian sense of smell relies upon a vast array of receptor proteins to detect odorant compounds present in the environment. The proper deployment of these receptor proteins in olfactory sensory neurons is orchestrated by a suite of epigenetic processes that remodel the olfactory genes in differentiating neuronal progenitors. The goal of this review is to elucidate the central role of gene regulatory processes acting in neuronal progenitors of olfactory sensory neurons that lead to a singular expression of an odorant receptor in mature olfactory sensory neurons. We begin by describing the principal features of odorant receptor gene expression in mature olfactory sensory neurons. Next, we delineate our current understanding of how these features emerge from multiple gene regulatory mechanisms acting in neuronal progenitors. Finally, we close by discussing the key gaps in our understanding of how these regulatory mechanisms work and how they interact with each other over the course of differentiation.
Enhancing the texture and nutritional value of pumpkin dessert/jam through vacuum impregnation pre‐treatment with calcium and vitamin D3
Authors: Taş Elif Buse , Gursoy Oguz , Yilmaz Yusuf 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study involved fortifying pumpkin slices with calcium and vitamin D3 using vacuum impregnation (VI) pre‐treatment and assessing the quality characteristics of the resulting desserts/jams. Slices were subjected to immersion or VI pre‐treatments for 30, 60, and 90 min in a solution containing calcium oxide and vitamin D3. Calcium ions contributed to the hardness of desserts, with VI reducing processing time. The highest impregnated calcium (58.17 mg/100 g fw) and vitamin D3 contents (6.02 mg/100 g dm) were determined in slices pre‐treated by VI for 90 min. VI was more effective than immersion in terms of calcium and vitamin D3 transition into pumpkin tissues. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images indicated that calcium oxide particles were noticeable in slices pre‐treated by VI. Immersing fruit slices for 90 min produced desserts with a textural hardness of 11.04 N, while VI pre‐treatment for the same duration increased their hardness value to 18.92 N. Desserts produced with VI‐pre‐treated slices exhibited superior texture and sensory attributes, with no adverse taste resulting from calcium oxide. In conclusion, VI pre‐treatment shows significant potential for the industrial production of desserts/jams with enhanced structural integrity for fruits.
COVID–19パンデミックが臓器提供に与えた影響の定量的評価：臓器提供に要した日数の比較(Quantitative assessment of the impact of the COVID–19 pandemic on organ donation: comparison of the number of days required for organ donation)
Authors: 遥水 樋口 , 彩乃 野露 , 哲也 星野 , 健 三浦 , 泰明 小山 , 有希 榎本 , 貴昭 井上 
Published: April 2024

要旨【目的】COVID–19パンデミックが臓器提供に与えた影響を評価した報告は少ない。本研究は臓器提供に要した日数をパンデミック前後で比較し，パンデミックが臓器提供に与えた影響を定量的に評価することを目的とした。【対象】当院の脳死下・心停止後臓器提供症例（角膜提供のみ実施した症例を除く）をPre–pandemic群（2019年以前）とPandemic群（2020年以後）に分けた。脳死とされうる状態または終末期と判断した日（day A），臓器摘出同意書の署名日（day B），第2回法的脳死判定日または死亡診断日（day C），臓器摘出日（day D）を定義し，2群間でそれぞれの間の日数をStudent–t検定で比較した。【結果】症例数はPre–pandemic群7例，Pandemic群10例であった。A–DはPre–pandemic群で2.4±1.3日［2.0日（2.0–2.5）］，Pandemic群で2.3±2.1日［2.0日（1.0–3.0）］であり有意差を認めなかった（平均±標準偏差［中央値（四分位範囲）］；p＝0.89，95%CI：−2.0～1.8）。A–B，B–C，C–Dでも有意差を認めなかった。脳死下提供のみまたは心停止後提供のみの比較でもいずれも有意差はなかった。【結語】当院ではCOVID–19パンデミック前後で脳死下・心停止後臓器提供に要した日数の有意な変化はなかった。
Lemierre症候群に敗血症性肺塞栓症と脳膿瘍を合併した1例(A case study on Lemierre syndrome complicated by septic pulmonary emboli and brain abscess)
Authors: 久実 天神 , 夏美 冨沢 , 一樹 長友 , 隼三 中尾 , 有希 榎本 , 信威 下條 , 貴昭 井上 
Published: April 2024

要旨Lemierre症候群は，咽頭炎または扁桃炎罹患後に菌血症および転移感染を伴う内頸静脈の敗血症性血栓性静脈炎を発症する疾患である。遠隔転移巣としては肺や関節が多く，中枢神経系合併症は報告されているものの頻度は稀である。今回我々は，肺に加えて中枢神経系にも合併症を認めた症例を経験したので報告する。症例は生来健康で基礎疾患のない24歳の男性。第1病日に発熱，咽頭痛を認め，第7病日に右扁桃周囲膿瘍が疑われ前医に緊急入院となった。第10病日に右内頸静脈内に血栓を認めLemierre症候群と診断され，第12病日に敗血症性肺塞栓症を認め当院へ転院した。血液培養でFusobacterium necrophorumが検出され，右扁桃周囲膿瘍の切開排膿，抗菌薬投与，抗凝固療法により経日的に自覚症状は改善した。しかし第33病日に実施した全身造影CTで新規に右後頭葉に脳膿瘍を認めた。抗菌薬治療の継続で病巣は消失し，後遺症を残すことなく第48病日に自宅退院した。本症例では有効な抗菌薬投与の遅れが重症化した原因の可能性がある。Lemierre症候群で脳膿瘍が合併することは稀だが，死亡例や重篤な後遺障害を生じることがあり，注意深い病変検索が重要である。
Motion‐induced phase‐corrected homodyne reconstruction for partial Fourier single‐shot diffusion‐weighted echo planar imaging of the liver
Authors: Van Anh T. , McTavish Sean , Peeters Johannes M. , Weiss Kilian , Makowski Marcus R. , Braren Rickmer F. , Karampinos Dimitrios C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPartial Fourier encoding is popular in single‐shot (ss) diffusion‐weighted (DW) echo planar imaging (EPI) because it enables a shorter echo time (TE) and, hence, improves the signal‐to‐noise‐ratio. Motion during diffusion encoding causes k‐space shifting and dispersion, which compromises the quality of the homodyne reconstruction. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the artifacts in homodyne reconstruction of partial Fourier ss‐DW‐EPI data in the presence of motion‐induced phase and proposes the motion‐induced phase‐corrected homodyne (mpc‐hdyne) reconstruction method to ameliorate these artifacts. Simulations with different types of motion‐induced phase were performed to provide an understanding of the potential artifacts that occur in the homodyne reconstruction of partial Fourier ss‐DW‐EPI data. To correct for the artifacts, the mpc‐hdyne reconstruction is proposed. The algorithm recenters k‐space, updates the partial Fourier factor according to detected global k‐space shifts, and removes low‐resolution nonlinear phase before the conventional homodyne reconstruction. The mpc‐hdyne reconstruction is tested on both simulation and in vivo data. Motion‐induced phase can cause signal overestimation, worm artifacts, and signal loss in partial Fourier ss‐DW‐EPI data with the conventional homodyne reconstruction. Simulation and in vivo data showed that the proposed mpc‐hdyne reconstruction ameliorated artifacts, yielding higher quality DW images compared with conventional homodyne reconstruction. Based on the understanding of the artifacts in homodyne reconstruction of partial Fourier ss‐DW‐EPI data, the mpc‐hdyne reconstruction was proposed and showed superior performance compared with the conventional homodyne reconstruction on both simulation and in vivo data.
Multiplex Detection of Foodborne Pathogens using 3D Nanostructure Swab and Deep Learning‐Based Classification of Raman Spectra
Authors: Kang Hyunju , Lee Junhyeong , Moon Jeong , Lee Taegu , Kim Jueun , Jeong Yeonwoo , Lim Eun‐Kyung , Jung Juyeon , Jung Yongwon , Lee Seok Jae , Lee Kyoung G. , Ryu Seunghwa , Kang Taejoon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProactive management of foodborne illness requires routine surveillance of foodborne pathogens, which requires developing simple, rapid, and sensitive detection methods. Here, a strategy is presented that enables the detection of multiple foodborne bacteria using a 3D nanostructure swab and deep learning‐based Raman signal classification. The nanostructure swab efficiently captures foodborne pathogens, and the portable Raman instrument directly collects the Raman signals of captured bacteria. a deep learning algorithm has been demonstrated, 1D convolutional neural network with binary labeling, achieves superior performance in classifying individual bacterial species. This methodology has been extended to mixed bacterial populations, maintaining accuracy close to 100%. In addition, the gradient‐weighted class activation mapping method is used to provide an investigation of the Raman bands for foodborne pathogens. For practical application, blind tests are conducted on contaminated kitchen utensils and foods. The proposed technique is validated by the successful detection of bacterial species from the contaminated surfaces. The use of a 3D nanostructure swab, portable Raman device, and deep learning‐based classification provides a powerful tool for rapid identification (≈5 min) of foodborne bacterial species. The detection strategy shows significant potential for reliable food safety monitoring, making a meaningful contribution to public health and the food industry.
MOCHAs: An Emerging Class of Materials for Photocatalytic H2 Production
Authors: Nagaraju Myakala Stephen , Rabl Hannah , Schubert Jasmin S. , Batool Samar , Ayala Pablo , Apaydin Dogukan H. , Cherevan Alexey , Eder Dominik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProduction of green hydrogen (H2) is a sustainable process able to address the current energy crisis without contributing to long‐term greenhouse gas emissions. Many Ag‐based catalysts have shown promise for light‐driven H2 generation, however, pure Ag—in its bulk or nanostructured forms—suffers from slow electron transfer kinetics and unfavorable Ag─H bond strength. It is demonstrated that the complexation of Ag with various chalcogenides can be used as a tool to optimize these parameters and reach improved photocatalytic performance. In this work, metal‐organic‐chalcogenolate assemblies (MOCHAs) are introduced as effective catalysts for light‐driven hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and investigate their performance and structural stability by examining a series of AgXPh (X = S, Se, and Te) compounds. Two catalyst‐support sensitization strategies are explored: by designing MOCHA/TiO2 composites and by employing a common Ru‐based photosensitizer. It is demonstrated that the heterogeneous approach yields stable HER performance but involves a catalyst transformation at the initial stage of the photocatalytic process. In contrast to this, the visible‐light‐driven MOCHA‐dye dyad shows similar HER activity while also ensuring the structural integrity of the MOCHAs. The work shows the potential of MOCHAs in constructing photosystems for catalytic H2 production and provides a direct comparison between known AgXPh compounds.
Unemployment insurance and opioid prescriptions during the great recession
Authors: Guo Xiaohui , Peng Lizhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis is the first U.S. study on the causal relationship between unemployment insurance (UI) expansions during the Great Recession and the use of prescribed opioids. Using annual county‐level prescription data from 2006 to 2013 and plausibly exogenous variation in state and federal policies, we estimate that a one standard deviation increase in UI generosity ($10,800) reduces per‐capita prescription opioid use by 1.9%. We supplement our main analysis with a border discontinuity design and find a similar effect. We also find no evidence of pre‐trends in the outcome. Finally, additional analyses suggest that increased health care utilization after exposure to higher UI generosity could be a plausible explanation for the declines in opioid prescriptions.
Systematischer Umgang mit Ungewissheiten bei der Standortwahl für geologische Tiefenlager in der Schweiz
Authors: Rahn Meinert , Leuz Ann-Kathrin , Altorfer Felix 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie gesetzlichen Vorgaben und das Regelwerk der Aufsicht in der Schweiz sehen vor, dass ein geologisches Tiefenlager an einem Standort realisiert wird, dessen geologische Eignung durch Daten und Prozessverständnis gezeigt werden kann. Der systematische Umgang mit Ungewissheiten ist ein zentraler Teil des Sicherheitsnachweises. Das Aufzeigen der Robustheit eines Lagersystems und der Unempfindlichkeit gegen eine Vielzahl möglicher zukünftiger Entwicklungsszenarien stellen Schlüsselelemente in der Nachweisführung dar.Für den Umgang mit Ungewissheiten wird in diesem Artikel ein schematisches Vorgehen aufgezeigt. Ein Rückblick über die Geschichte der Entsorgung in der Schweiz und insbesondere über das seit 2008 laufende Standortauswahlverfahren zeigt die Anwendung dieses Vorgehens, in dem Ungewissheiten zunächst auf ihre Sicherheitsrelevanz geprüft werden, anschließend zu klären ist, inwiefern Ungewissheiten durch Anpassungen ausgeschlossen werden können bzw. einzubeziehen sind. Bei einem Einbezug sind schlussendlich die Ungewissheiten genauer zu bestimmen oder in ihrer Wirkung einzugrenzen. An konkreten Beispielen wird das systematische Vorgehen erläutert.
Kommunikation und Wahrnehmung wissenschaftlicher Ungewissheiten
Authors: Seidl Roman , Becker Dirk-Alexander , Drögemüller Cord , Wolf Jens 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungAus dem Alltag kennen wir den Umgang mit Ungewissheiten. Ständig handeln wir, ohne dass wir genaue Risikoabschätzungen vornehmen, obwohl selten vollständiges Wissen vorliegt. In der Wissenschaft wird ebenfalls versucht, mit Ungewissheiten, etwa aus der Modellierung und Simulation, umzugehen. Gerade wenn es um Abschätzungen über das Verhalten von risikobehafteter Infrastruktur über lange Zeiträume geht, liegen verschiedene Arten von Ungewissheiten vor. Diese der Öffentlichkeit zu kommunizieren, gehört heute zur guten Praxis. Doch wie soll man gerade beim sensitiv beobachteten Thema der Endlagerung hochradioaktiver Abfälle vorgehen? Wie sind Modellunsicherheiten aufzubereiten und darzustellen, sodass sie nicht zu weiterer Verunsicherung beitragen? In diesem Beitrag beschäftigen wir uns mit den Quellen und Formaten von Ungewissheiten sowie dem Wissen aus der Forschung zu Risikokommunikation und Ungewissheiten. Dabei wird klar, dass es nicht nur unterschiedliche Arten und Quellen von Ungewissheiten gibt, sondern auch interindividuelle Unterschiede bei den Adressaten. Entsprechend können sich die Wirkungen der Kommunikation unterscheiden. Wir zeigen an einem aktuellen Beispiel, wie zwei unterschiedliche Berechnungsarten und grafische Darstellungen von 177 Teilnehmern einer experimentellen Studie aufgenommen wurden.
Ungewissheit als Regulierungsaufgabe des Standortauswahlgesetzes
Authors: Smeddinck Ulrich 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Umgang mit Ungewissheit ist mittlerweile ein „Klassiker“ unter den Themen des besonderen Verwaltungsrechts. Aktuell wird der Standort für ein Endlager für hoch radioaktiven Abfall mit der bestmöglichen Sicherheit für 1 Million Jahre gesucht. Das Gesetz, das die Suche anleitet, das Standortauswahlgesetz, geht neue Wege, um im Falle dieses einzelnen Projektes mit Ungewissheit umzugehen. Der Beitrag informiert kurz über die Ursprünge des Umgangs mit Ungewissheit im Recht, indem der Weg von der Gefahrenabwehr hin zu Vorsorge und Risikomanagement nachgezeichnet wird. Im Hauptteil werden dann die besonderen Elemente zum Umgang mit Ungewissheit im Standortauswahlgesetz vorgestellt und aus rechtswissenschaftlicher Perspektive gewürdigt. Dazu wird u. a. die Grundunterscheidung von Vorsorge im konkreten Einzelfall und genereller Standardsetzung vorab genutzt.