bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain Abscess Mimicking Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review of Individual Patient's Data
Authors: Choucha Anis , De Simone Matteo , Beucler Nathan , Hulot Solenne , Lagier Jean-Christophe , Dufour Henry 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Purpose Brain abscess is a worrisome condition with a 1-year mortality rate of 21% and a 32% rate of new-onset epilepsy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is strongly recommended as a screening modality with contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and attenuated diffusion coefficient. However, there is a 10% rate of false negative, which could potentially impact management and prognosis. Our systematic review aims at identifying risk factors for false negative.
Materials and Methods A database search of our institutions plus a systematic literature review was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed, including studies of brain abscesses misdiagnosed as brain tumors. Data on patient demographics, clinical presentations, imaging findings, pathogens, treatments, and outcomes were extracted and analyzed. We present a case of a 59-year-old male with HIV, who developed a brain abscess misdiagnosed as a tumor. Initial symptoms included left-side weakness and weight loss. Imaging showed a ring-enhancing lesion in the right thalamus. The abscess was caused by T. gondii, and the patient was treated with sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine, ceftriaxone, and metronidazole, achieving a GOS-E score of 8 at 1 year.
Results The review included 14 studies, with 1 additional illustrative case, encompassing a total of 15 cases. Patients ranged from 39 to 77 years, with a mean age of 59 years. Comorbidities included human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), glioblastoma, breast cancer, arthritis, gastric cancer, and nephrotic syndrome. Common symptoms were hemiparesis, generalized seizures, headache, and confusion. Imaging often revealed ring-enhancing lesions with restricted diffusion on DWI. Lesions were located in various brain regions. Pathogens identified included 40% Nocardia species, Toxoplasma gondii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Aggregatibacter aphrophilus, Rickettsia typhi, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, Aspergillus terreus, and Providencia rettgeri. Treatments involved antibiotics and, in some cases, surgical intervention. Outcomes measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) at 1 year indicated good recovery in most cases.
Conclusion Despite the high sensitivity and specificity of brain MRI in diagnosing brain abscesses, the standard protocol used for the past two decades still results in a 10% false-negative rate. Such inaccuracies can significantly impact the patient's management, potentially delaying antibiotic therapy and impacting the surgical planning, hence affecting the outcome. Immunocompromised patients are particularly vulnerable to misdiagnoses of brain abscesses as brain tumors. To improve diagnostic accuracy, new imaging techniques and computational tools are currently under investigation.
Current Considerations in Nonoperative Surveillance of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms
Authors: Mayhew Mackenzie M. , Buerlein Ross C.D. , Zaydfudim Victor M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) account for the majority of incidentally found pancreatic cystic neoplasms. There are three general subtypes: main-duct (MD-IPMN), branch-duct (BD-IPMN), and mixed-type (MT-IPMN) which all carry varying degrees of malignant potential. The malignant risk of IPMN involving the main pancreatic duct ranges from 40 to 80% for both MD-IPMN and MT-IPMN, while the malignancy risk for BD-IPMN is more variable but considered to be much lower. The management of BD-IPMN is typically nonoperative surveillance and remains a topic of debate. In this overview, we discuss the current controversies in the management of BD-IPMN such as the comparison of surveillance strategies based on consensus guidelines, perceived weight of various worrisome features, and/or high-risk stigmata (HRS) features in assessing patient risk for cancer progression, molecular analyses, multifocality, cost-effectiveness strategies, and patient factors considered high-risk for resection. This overview should provide a glimpse into the current state and controversies in the care of patients with nonoperative surveillance of patients with IPMN.
An optical fiber balance for short-time wind tunnel force measurement of large-scale scramjet models
Authors: Xu Bin , Yu Shien , Zhang Jianzhong 
Published: February 2025

The scale of a scramjet has a profound impact on its combustion characteristics, and accurately replicating the integrated coupling dynamics between an aircraft and a scramjet in wind tunnel tests remains a significant challenge. To address the critical issues of natural frequency and sensitivity associated with wind tunnel force balances in large-scale model short-time force measurement tests, this paper presents a specialized three-component optical fiber balance designed for the precise short-term force measurement of large-scale models. Aerodynamic measurements are achieved by employing open cavity Fabry–Perot interferometers, which precisely measure the displacement of the floating frame of the balance. Through the integration of simulation optimization and experimental validation, the results demonstrate that the calibration accuracy of the designed balance exceeds 0.21%, maintaining high measurement precision even under conditions of high stiffness. Furthermore, under model loading conditions, the system exhibits a first-order vibration frequency of 31 Hz, allowing for six complete vibration cycles within the effective duration of a 200 ms pulse propulsion wind tunnel test, thereby satisfying the testing criteria. This research addresses a long-standing challenge in conducting large-scale model tests in wind tunnel environments, providing a critical technical solution that advances scramjet and hypersonic propulsion technologies.
Spatial and temporal habitat use of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in relation to vessel traffic in the Gold Coast Bay, Australia
Authors: Djukarić Jana , Meynecke Jan-Olaf 
Published: February 2025

Context Humpback whales utilise coastal habitats for breeding, resting and migration where, at low latitudes, they are often exposed to vessel traffic. The Gold Coast bay (GCB) in south-eastern Queensland, Australia, is utilised by humpback whale mother–calf pairs to rest. Aims Identify core habitats of pods with and without calves and interception by vessel traffic in the GCB. Method In total, 4319 whale-sighting records from citizen science-collected data on board whale-watching vessels between 2011 and 2020 were used in this analysis. MaxEnt models were generated to determine species distribution of pods with and without calves. The distribution model was compared with automatic identification system-fitted vessel traffic available from the Australian Maritime Safety Authority over the same time to infer potential vessel impact on these sensitive cohorts. Key results Habitat use of pods with calves was focused on shallower areas close to shore and overlapped with the core habitat of pods without calves 5 km into the bay. Vessels intercepted up to 80% of the core habitat. Conclusion Vessel traffic poses a potential threat to humpback whale mother–calf pairs. Implications An assessment of all vessels leaving the seaway should be considered for the GCB and whale caution zones for vessel traffic.
Age and growth of the endangered Maugean skate (Zearaja maugeana) by using microchemical analysis
Authors: van Werven Claire , Moreno David , Tracey Sean , Lyle Jeremy 
Published: February 2025

Context The Maugean skate (Zearaja maugeana) is an endangered species micro-endemic to two small embayments in western Tasmania, Australia. Given the species’ range restriction, status and exposure to large environmental variability, emerging impacts from anthropogenic pressures are likely to cause additional stress to the population. Information on Maugean skate age and growth is limited. Aims To determine the age and estimate growth parameters of the Maugean skate using vertebral banding patterns supplemented with microchemical analysis. Methods This study estimated the ages of opportunistically sampled Maugean skate (n = 44) from Macquarie Harbour between 2012 and 2019, by using incremental banding in their vertebrae. A multi-model inference framework using Akaike’s information criterion corrected for small sample size was used to determine the best fit growth function base on length at age data. Annual periodicity of growth bands was indirectly verified using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) measuring the uptake of heavy metals in the vertebrae. Key results Age estimates ranged from 2 to 10 years. A two-parameter von Bertalanffy growth function provided the best fit when applied with a fixed length at birth on the basis of two neonate individuals (L0 fixed at 103.50-mm total length, TL), with the parameters as follows: the theoretical maximum length (L∞) and growth coefficient (k) estimated at 843.53 mm TL and 0.27 for females, 747.47 mm TL and 0.32 for males and 836.34 mm TL and 0.25 for pooled data. Females grew faster and reached a larger size than did males. Conclusion The Maugean skate’s reasonably fast growth, early maturity and short lifespan may help it withstand disturbances in the dynamic harbour. However, density-dependent responses to population declines could limit its ability to regulate numbers, especially amid ongoing threats. Implications The use of archived samples of vertebrae indirectly verified with microchemistry demonstrates a novel technique to describe the age and growth of Maugean skate, and provides critical life-history parameters to contribute to population assessments of this endangered population. The need to carry out age-validation studies for this species is also highlighted.
Splitting of the absorption edge in the topological insulator Bi1.1Sb0.9Te2S: mid-infrared magneto-optical study
Authors: Yakushev M V , Kuznetsova T V , Belyaev D V , Grebennikov V I , Orlita M , Martinez G , Kokh K A , Martin R W , Tereshchenko O E 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
External magnetic fields can be used to control the spin properties of charge carriers in topological insulators (TIs). Thin p-type layers of the TI Bi1.1Sb0.9Te2S were studied using mid-infrared Fourier transform magneto-transmission spectroscopy in magnetic fields up to 11 T. Zero field spectra, measured at 4.2 K and 300 K, demonstrated a sharp absorption edge, used to determine an optical bandgap E
g
opt of 0.31 and 0.22 eV, respectively, as well as to establish the direct character of the bandgap. Fabry–Perot oscillations were used to estimate a refractive index of 6.4. A difference of E
g
opt from the bandgap, determined earlier by angular resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, was attributed to the formation of band tails generated by high concentrations of randomly distributed charged defects. Equal electron m
e and hole m
h effective masses of 0.152m
0 were determined using a theoretical model employing simplified Dirac-type Hamiltonian. Magnetic fields split the absorption edge and the non-linear character of this splitting energy resulted in a strong decrease of the g-factor with increasing field.
Numerical modelling of wire arc additive manufacturing: methods, status, trends, and opportunities
Authors: Kim Yun H , Gunasegaram Dayalan R , Cleary Paul W , Murphy Anthony B 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a metal additive manufacturing (AM) process attracting interest from the automotive, defence, aerospace, architecture/engineering/construction and other industries because of its ability to manufacture large metal parts cost-effectively. Nevertheless, problems such as part defects and process efficiency remain, and consequently, efforts to improve WAAM are continuing. The WAAM process involves physical phenomena that include fluid flow, heat transfer, phase changes including melting, solidification and vaporization, multi-phase interactions, and deformations resulting from residual stresses—so obtaining a complete understanding is challenging. While numerical modelling is widely used to understand and assist with developing processes, modelling of AM processes such as WAAM is sophisticated because of their multi-physics and multiscale nature. This review addresses the existing and likely future roles of numerical modelling in advancing WAAM technology. Consideration is given to the known problems with WAAM, the different types of numerical modelling, including computational fluid dynamics, the finite element method, and smoothed particle hydrodynamics, and their potential to address persistent issues. Additionally, this review seeks to provide an understanding of the physics associated with the WAAM process, examines the trends in the development of WAAM technology, and recommends possible future directions. These include the combination of different physics-based modelling approaches to overcome their individual shortcomings, and the inclusion of modelling as part of a digital twin of the WAAM process.
The role of gas-phase chemistry in plasma jets in design of graphene flakes
Authors: Shavelkina M B , Filimonova E A , Ivanov P P , Amirov R Kh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An experimental and numerical study of the relation between the gas phase composition and the properties of graphene during graphene synthesis in a plasma jet of DC plasma torch was carried out. The initial plasma-forming mixtures were Ar–CH4 and Не–(C3H8 + C4H10). It has been established that the difference in lateral dimensions of graphene flakes results in different resistance values of 2D printed layers. Numerical modeling of the composition evolution along the jet showed that an increase in the cooling rate of the plasma jet leads to an acceleration of the C2 molecule formation—precursors for the formation of solid carbon—in Ar–CH4 mixture compared to Не–(C3H8 + C4H10) mixture. As a result, more time remains for the growth of solid nanoparticles, which is consistent with experiment: larger graphene particles are formed in the argon environment. The formation of supersaturated vapor of C2 occurs in the temperature range T= 2500–3500 K for both mixtures. The mass fraction of the main pyrolysis products of H2 and C2H2 obtained in the chemical kinetics modeling is close to that measured in experiment with Ar–CH4 mixture. A comparison of the mixture composition along the jet calculated using the chemical kinetics approach and under the assumption of a local thermodynamic equilibrium showed that the latter is not applicable in the temperature range below 3000 K in considered conditions.
The role of the bandgap in photoinduced crystallization of tellurium in Cd1−xMnxTe thin films under visible light irradiation
Authors: Souza Matheus Almeida , Soares Thamires Cordeiro , Ferreira Sukarno Olavo , Rodrigues Leonarde Nascimento , Rizzi Leandro , Guimarães Luciano de Moura , Araujo Eduardo Nery Duarte de 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We report the role of the bandgap energy in Cd1−xMnxTe thin films in the photoinduced crystallization of tellurium under prolonged exposure to visible light. Raman spectroscopy was used to quantify the evolution of the trigonal phase of tellurium (t-Te) over time. Our results reveal that when the energy of incident photons exceeds the bandgap energy, the photocrystallization process seems to be controlled by diffusion and consistent with the growth of one-dimensional tellurium forming crystalline structures. Conversely, when the excitation energy is lower than the bandgap energy, the photoinduced effect is completely suppressed. These findings provide valuable insights into how bandgap engineering can be utilized to control material properties in thin film systems, potentially advancing the development of novel semiconductor devices.
Realizing tunable Fermi level in SnTe by defect control
Authors: Onipede Bamidele , Metcalf Matthew , Fletcher Nisha , Cai Hui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The tuning of the Fermi level in tin telluride, a topological crystalline insulator, is essential for accessing its unique surface states and optimizing its electronic properties for applications such as spintronics and quantum computing. In this study, we demonstrate that the Fermi level in tin telluride can be effectively modulated by controlling the tin concentration during chemical vapor deposition synthesis. By introducing tin-rich conditions, we observed a blue shift in the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy core-level peaks of both tin and tellurium, indicating an upward shift in the Fermi level. This shift is corroborated by a decrease in work function values measured via ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, confirming the suppression of Sn vacancies. Our findings provide a low-cost, scalable method to achieve tunable Fermi levels in tin telluride, offering a significant advancement in the development of materials with tailored electronic properties for next-generation technological applications.
Polarization-mediated electronic characteristics in Sc2CO2-based 2D metal–ferroelectric heterostructures
Authors: He Shiying , Zou Daifeng , Zhao Yu-Qing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The preparation of two-dimensional (2D) monolayer Sc2CO2 ferroelectric semiconductor materials provides a promising material candidate for the development of high-performance electronic devices. However, the Schottky barrier present at the electrode/Sc2CO2 interface significantly hinders the efficiency of charge injection. In this work, we propose the utilization of 2D metallic materials as electrodes to form van der Waals (vdW) contacts with ferroelectric Sc2CO2 monolayers, aiming to achieve reduced Fermi-level pinning at the interface. By leveraging the ferroelectric polarization reversal in Sc2CO2, we demonstrate a controllable transition from Schottky to Ohmic contact, which is critical for optimizing charge injection efficiency. Additionally, we systematically investigate the polarization-mediated electronic properties of 2D metal/Sc2CO2 interfaces through first-principles calculations. The findings indicate that a transition from Schottky to Ohmic contact can be induced within these heterostructures by manipulating the polarization reversal of Sc2CO2 ferroelectric layers. Notably, the NbS2/Sc2CO2 heterojunction, particularly in the upward polarization state, exhibits the highest carrier tunneling probability among the investigated heterojunctions, making it an optimal electrode for Sc2CO2. These findings are essential for regulating Schottky barriers in 2D metal/ferroelectric semiconductor heterostructures and provide theoretical guidance for designing high-performance field-effect transistors based on 2D metal/Sc2CO2 vdW heterostructures.
GLD-Net: a lightweight detection method for ultrasonic signals of gas leakage with different apertures
Authors: Ma Weimin , Li Peng , Yu Tao , Zhang Lihao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the industrial production process, safety accidents caused by the leakage of hazardous gases from pressure vessels are common. The assessment of leakage orifice detection is crucial. Traditional detection methods have low sensitivity. This study proposes a network model called gas leakage detection net (GLD-Net) for gas leakage detection, which utilizes an array of acoustic sensors for data collection of gas leakage signals. The network is based on the Yolov5n model as the baseline, and the C3 module of the backbone network structure incorporates the swift parameter-free attention block (SPAB) structure from the fast parameter self-attention network mechanism. The C3-faster-SPAB module is designed to achieve lightweight feature extraction. In terms of the neck network, GLD draws inspiration from the efficient reparameterized generalized-feature pyramid network (FPN) concept and designs the vision transformer with BI-level routing attention block (Biformer-Block), which is suitable for capturing narrow-band features of gas leaks. It integrates the lightweight biformer cross stage partial stage (Bi-CSPStage)module to enhance the expressive power of the FPN. The network replaces traditional convolution operations with depthwise separable convolution and reduces the scale of detection in the neck network. Experimental results show that after adjusting the depth of the network, the parameter size and computational complexity of GLD-Net are reduced by 96.7% and 96.1%, respectively. It exhibits higher average accuracy than other lightweight model algorithms on datasets with different noise levels, and achieves a frame rate of up to 500 FPS. It possesses fast and accurate detection capability, providing a reference basis for real-time leakage detection in industrial production and manufacturing.
Research on intelligent vehicle decision system based on reinforcement learning
Authors: Xu Qiangqiang , Guo Junhua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study presents a decision-making model for autonomous vehicles that integrates deep reinforcement learning (DRL) with a risk correction mechanism. This integration aims to enhance dynamic environmental perception and risk assessment in complex traffic scenarios. Initially, the model constructs driving information for the ego vehicle and surrounding vehicles. Subsequently, it introduces a polarized self-attention (PSA) and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) combined safety mechanism (PSA-BiLSTM) to improve attention to potential hazardous vehicles in complex high-speed scenarios. Furthermore, a risk correction module has been designed to evaluate and adjust decision-making actions, ensuring driving safety. The model leverages real-time driving information of the target vehicle and its surroundings to generate vehicle decision commands at each sampling point using DRL. Simulation results demonstrate that this approach significantly improves safety and learning speed compared to pure reinforcement learning methods. Additionally, it exhibits higher driving efficiency and lower accident rates compared to imitation learning and traditional rule-based decision models in complex high-speed scenarios.
Production of reactive species by using surface dielectric barrier discharge in direct contact with water
Authors: Galmiz Oleksandr , Cimerman Richard , Pareek Pankaj , Janda Mário , Machala Zdenko 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) ignited directly from the liquid electrodes at the 3-phase gas/liquid/solid interface represents a novel approach in both water and polymer surface treatment methods. This study investigates the gaseous and liquid-phase reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generated by this discharge. The impact of the discharge power and treatment duration on the concentration of these species in both gas and liquid is explored. The spatial development of ozone, the prevailing molecule produced by air dielectric barrier discharge, is studied. The production yields of plasma-generated species in the gas are described. Additionally, the electrical measurements of the SBDB with liquid electrode are presented and its characteristics are discussed. The combined investigation of RONS production yields, electrical discharge characterization, and in-situ ozone evolution provides important information regarding the presence of the reactive species in the vicinity of the plasma discharge, supporting further development and targeted applications of this technology.