bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychopathy and violent behaviour in abused and neglected young adults
Authors: Weiler Barbara Luntz , Widom Cathy Spatz 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe interrelationships among early childhood victimisation, psychopathy and violence were examined in a sample of previously abused and neglected individuals (n = 652) and a matched control group (n = 489). Measures of psychopathy, assessed utilising Hare's Psychopathy Checklist (PCL‐R), and violence (based on official arrest and self‐report information) were included in a series of multivariate analyses. Victims of childhood abuse and/or neglect had significantly higher PCL‐R scores than persons in a matched control group, despite controls for demographic characteristics and criminal history. PCL‐R scores predicted official and self‐reported violence. Childhood victimisation was a significant predictor of violence; however, when PCL‐R scores were introduced, childhood victimisation was no longer significant. Findings demonstrate a clear connection between early childhood victimisation and psychopathy and suggest that the relationship between childhood victimisation and violence in some individuals may be mediated through psychopathy. A number of potential mechanisms are suggested to explain these linkages. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Acyl Protein Thioesterase 1 (APT1) Inhibitors
Authors: Biel Markus , Deck Patrick , Giannis Athanassios , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: March 2006

AbstractLipid‐modified proteins play decisive roles in important biological processes such as signal transduction, organisation of the cytoskeleton and vesicular transport. Lipidation of these proteins is essential for correct biological function. Among the modifications with lipids, prenylation and myristoylation are well understood. However, the machinery of palmitoylation is still under investigation. Recently, an enzyme, acyl protein thioesterase 1 (APT1), that may play a regulatory role in the palmitoylation cycle of H‐Ras and G‐protein α subunits, was purified. Motivated by this work, several inhibitors of APT1 were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated leading to highly active compounds.
Nanocrystalline Lanthanide Nitride Materials Synthesised by Thermal Treatment of Amido and Ammine Metallocenes: X‐ray Studies and DFT Calculations
Authors: Baisch Ulrich , Pagano Sandro , Zeuner Martin , Barros Noémi , Maron Laurent , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe decomposition process of ammine lanthanide metallocenes was studied by X‐ray diffractometry, spectroscopy and theoretical investigations. A series of ammine‐tris(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)lanthanide(III) complexes 1‐Ln (Lanthanide (Ln)=Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb) was synthesised by the reaction of [Cp3Ln] complexes (Cp=cyclopentadienyl) with liquid ammonia at −78 °C and structurally characterised by X‐ray diffraction methods, mass spectrometry and vibrational (IR, Raman) spectroscopy. Furthermore, amido‐bis(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)lanthanide(III) complexes 2‐Ln (Ln=Dy, Ho, Er, Yb) were synthesised by heating the respective ammine adduct 1‐Ln in an inert gas atmosphere at temperatures of between 240 and 290 °C. X‐ray diffraction studies, mass spectrometry and vibrational (IR, Raman) spectroscopy were carried out for several 2‐Ln species and proved the formation of dimeric μ2‐bridged compounds. Species 1‐Ln are highly reactive coordination compounds and showed different behaviour regarding the decomposition to 2‐Ln. The reaction of 1‐Ln and 2‐Ln with inorganic bases yielded lanthanide nitride LnN powders with an estimated crystallite size of between 40 and 90 nm at unprecedented low temperatures of 240 to 300 °C. Temperature‐dependent X‐ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations were performed and showed that the decomposition reaction yielded nanocrystalline material. Structural optimisations were carried out for 1‐Ln and 2‐Ln by employing density functional (DFT) calculations. A good agreement was found between the observed and calculated structural parameters. Also, Gibbs free energies were calculated for 1‐Ln, 2‐Ln and the pyrolysis reaction to the nitride material, and were found to fit well with the expected ranges.
Self‐Assembly of Amylin(20–29) Amide‐Bond Derivatives into Helical Ribbons and Peptide Nanotubes rather than Fibrils
Authors: Elgersma Ronald C. , Meijneke Tania , Posthuma George , Rijkers Dirk T. S. , Liskamp Rob M. J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractUncontrolled aggregation of proteins or polypeptides can be detrimental for normal cellular processes in healthy organisms. Proteins or polypeptides that form these amyloid deposits differ in their primary sequence but share a common structural motif: the (anti)parallel β sheet. A well‐accepted approach for interfering with β‐sheet formation is the design of soluble β‐sheet peptides to disrupt the hydrogen‐bonding network; this ultimately leads to the disassembly of the aggregates or fibrils. Here, we describe the synthesis, spectroscopic analysis, and aggregation behavior, imaged by electron microscopy, of several backbone‐modified amylin(20–29) derivatives. It was found that these amylin derivatives were not able to form fibrils and to some extent were able to inhibit fibril growth of native amylin(20–29). However, two of the amylin peptides were able to form large supramolecular assemblies, like helical ribbons and peptide nanotubes, in which β‐sheet formation was clearly absent. This was quite unexpected since these peptides have been designed as soluble β‐sheet breakers for disrupting the characteristic hydrogen‐bonding network of (anti)parallel β sheets. The increased hydrophobicity and the presence of essential amino acid side chains in the newly designed amylin(20–29) derivatives were found to be the driving force for self‐assembly into helical ribbons and peptide nanotubes. This example of controlled and desired peptide aggregation may be a strong impetus for research on bionanomaterials in which special shapes and assemblies are the focus of interest.
Surfactant‐Assisted Hollowing of Cu Nanoparticles Involving Halide‐Induced Corrosion–Oxidation Processes
Authors: Huang Chih‐Chia , Hwu Jih Ru , Su Wu‐Chou , Shieh Dar‐Bin , Tzeng Yonhua , Yeh Chen‐Sheng 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe have demonstrated a simple fabrication of hollow nanoparticles by halide‐induced corrosion oxidation with the aid of surfactants. Cuprous oxide Cu2O nanoshells can be generated by simply mixing Cu nanoparticles with alkyltrimethylammonium halides at 55 °C for 16 min. The hollowing mechanism proposed is that absorption of surfactants onto the Cu surface facilitates the formation of the void interior through an oxidative etching process. Upon extending the reaction up to 4 h, fragmentation, oxidation, and self‐assembly were observed and the CuO ellipsoidal structures were formed. The headgroup lengths of the surfactants influenced the degree of CuO ellipsoidal formation, whereby longer surfactants favored the generation of ellipsoids. Optical absorption measured by UV‐visible spectroscopy was used to monitor both oxidation courses of Cu→Cu2O and Cu2O→CuO and to determine the band‐gap energies as 2.4 eV for Cu2O nanoshells and 1.89 eV for CuO ellipsoids. For the contact‐angle measurements, the wettability changed from hydrophilicity (18°) to hydrophobicity (140°) as the Cu2O nanoshells shifted to CuO ellipsoids.
Bidentate Phosphorus Baskets by Intramolecular Phosphinidene Addition
Authors: van Assema Sander G. A. , Ehlers Andreas W. , de Kanter Frans J. J. , Schakel Marius , Spek Anthony L. , Lutz Martin , Lammertsma Koop 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIntramolecular phosphinidene addition to the CC bond of Mo‐complexed, seven‐membered phosphorus heterocycles affords three novel [(diphos)Mo(CO)4] complexes (18–20). The three bidentate phosphorus baskets differ in the composition of the seven‐membered ring: one of the phosphorus atoms is flanked by CH2, NCH3, or O. The unsaturated tetrahydrophosphepine precursors are synthesized by either ring‐closing metathesis (C and N derivatives) or by a cyclization sequence (O derivative). The crystal structures of the nitrogen‐ (19) and oxygen‐containing (20) baskets have relatively small P‐Mo‐P angles of 76.240(13)° and 77.626(12)°, respectively, and complex 20 has slightly shortened MoP bond lengths.
Ligand Cleavage Put into Reverse: PC Bond Breaking and Remaking in an Alkylphosphane Iron Complex
Authors: Kohl Stephan W. , Heinemann Frank W. , Hummert Markus , Bauer Walter , Grohmann Andreas 
Published: March 2006

AbstractComplex formation between FeX2⋅6 H2O (X=BF4 or ClO4) and the pyridine‐derived tetrapodal tetraphosphane C5H3N[CMe(CH2PMe2)2]2 (1) in methanol proceeds with solvent‐induced cleavage of one PMe2 group. Depending on the reaction temperature and the nature of the counterion, iron(II) is coordinated, in distorted square‐pyramidal fashion, by the anionic remainder of the chelating ligand, C5H3N[CMe(CH2PMe2)2][CMe(CH2PMe2)(CH2−)] (NP3C− donor set: X=BF4, −50 °C: 2; X=ClO4, RT: 4) or its protonated form C5H3N[CMe(CH2PMe2)2][CMe(CH2PMe2)(CH3)], in which the methyl group is in agostic interaction with the metal centre (X=BF4, RT: 3; X=ClO4, +50 °C: 5). A monodentate phosphinite ligand Me2POMe, formed from the cleaved PMe2 group and methanol, completes the coordination octahedron in both cases. Working in CD3OD (X=BF4, RT) gives the deuterium‐substituted analogue of 3, with ligands L(CH2D) (L=residual chelating ligand) and Me2POCD3. A mechanism for the observed phosphorus–carbon bond cleavage is suggested. Complex 2, when isolated at −50 °C, is stable in the solid state even at room temperature. The reaction of 2 in methanol with carbon monoxide (10.5 bar) at elevated temperature forms, in addition to as yet unidentified side products, the carbonyl complex [(1)Fe(CO)](BF4)2 (7), in which the previous PC bond cleavage has been reversed, reforming the original tetrapodal pentadentate NP4 ligand 1. All compounds have been fully characterised, including X‐ray structure analyses in most cases.
A Model of the Chemical Bond Must Be Rooted in Quantum Mechanics, Provide Insight, and Possess Predictive Power
Authors: Poater Jordi , Solà Miquel , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn this response to the preceding paper by Bader, we show that the core arguments and statements presented in the latter are flawed. We argue that it is insufficient for a model of the chemical bond to be rooted in quantum mechanics. A good model must in addition provide insight and possess predictive power. Our molecular orbital (MO) model of the chemical bond, in particular, the associated energy–decomposition approach satisfies all these conditions. On the other hand, Atoms‐in‐Molecules (AIM) theory is only rooted in quantum mechanics as far as its mathematical framework is concerned. The physical status of its central concepts is not so clear. In particular, “bond paths” and “bond critical points” are once more confirmed not to be indicators of a stabilizing interaction. Moreover, AIM theory lacks any predictive power. We also address specific questions raised in the preceding paper. Finally, interpreting chemical bonding implies choosing a perspective on this phenomenon. That there are many perspectives is a matter of fact and this is in no way unphysical. What is unscientific is to claim uniqueness and truth for one of these choices, namely AIM, and to dismiss on this ground all other approaches.
Introduction to diffusion tensor imaging mathematics: Part III. Tensor calculation, noise, simulations, and optimization
Authors: Kingsley Peter B. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe mathematical aspects of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTMRI, or DTI), the measurement of the diffusion tensor by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are discussed in this three‐part series. Part III begins with a comparison of different ways to calculate the tensor from diffusion‐weighted imaging data. Next, the effects of noise on signal intensities and diffusion tensor measurements are discussed. In MRI signal intensities as well as DTI parameters, noise can introduce a bias (systematic deviation) as well as scatter (random deviation) in the data. Propagation‐of‐error formulas are explained with examples. Step‐by‐step procedures for simulating diffusion tensor measurements are presented. Finally, methods for selecting the optimal b factor and number of b = 0 images for measuring several properties of the diffusion tensor, including the trace (or mean diffusivity) and anisotropy, are presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 28A: 155–179, 2006
High histologic and overall response to dose intensification of ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine in patients with high‐risk ewing sarcoma family tumors
Authors: Milano Giuseppe Maria , Cozza Raffaele , Ilari Ilaria , De Sio Luigi , Boldrini Renata , Jenkner Alessandro , De Ioris Maretta , Inserra Alessandro , Dominici Carlo , Donfrancesco Alberto 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDEwing sarcoma (ES) and extraosseous ES/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) share histopathologic features of the ES family of tumors (ESFT). The authors report on their results from a regimen of ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine (CAV) dose intensification in patients with high‐risk ESFT.METHODSSince 1990, patients with ESFT and with 1 or more of the following risk factors were reviewed: tumor volume > 200 mL, tumor site with a poor prognosis, and pulmonary and/or bone marrow metastases.RESULTSThirty‐six patients with ESFT who were involved in the study were divided into 2 arms of 18 patients each. One group received treatment with various regimens, and the other group received treatment with ICE plus CAV. The disease was brought under control more rapidly in the latter patients, for whom surgery was more easily feasible, and up to 90% of patients achieved a major response, with an estimated 3‐year overall survival rate of 67% ± 12%.CONCLUSIONSThe current results showed that ICE plus CAV was tolerated well and was effective in the studied subset of tumors, indicating that dose intensification correlates with better disease control, a high percentage of necrosis, and conservative surgery in patients with high‐risk ESFT. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Comparison of two antibodies for immunohistochemical evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in colorectal carcinomas, adenomas, and normal mucosa
Authors: Bhargava Rohit , Chen Beiyun , Klimstra David S. , Saltz Leonard B. , Hedvat Cyrus , Tang Laura H. , Gerald William , Teruya‐Feldstein Julie , Paty Philip B. , Qin Jing , Shia Jinru 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDImmunohistochemical staining for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been used as a criterion for the selection of patients with colon cancer for anti‐EGFR therapy. Two antibodies, the PharmDx kit and the 31G7 clone, are used commonly for immunohistochemistry by various laboratories. No comparative studies on the performance of these 2 antibodies are available.METHODSEGFR status was evaluated in 744 tissue microarray core samples from primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas, colorectal adenomas, and normal colorectal mucosa with both the PharmDx kit and the clone 31G7 monoclonal antibodies. The stains were compared for staining intensity by using an automated image‐analysis system. The intensity of positive staining (brown color) was measured on a scale from 0 to 255.The staining intensity also was scored manually as 0, 1 +, 2 +, and 3 +.RESULTSStatistically, the median staining intensities scored by the automated system between the 2 antibodies did not differ significantly, although, within each category of samples (normal, adenoma, carcinoma, and metastases), the PharmDx antibody staining was slightly more intense than the clone 31G7 antibody staining. There was a linear correlation between automated image‐analysis and manual scoring categories. The median automated image‐analysis intensity scores for the 4 manual scoring categories with the PharmDx kit were as follows: 0 staining, 67.5; 1 + staining, 75.5; 2 + staining, 89.6; and 3 + staining, 106.0. The median automated image‐analysis intensity scores for the 4 manual scoring categories with the clone 31G7 antibody were as follows: 0 staining, 71.3; 1 + staining, 73.6; 2 + staining, 84.6; and 3 + staining, 99.1. The classification of tumors as EGFR‐negative (0 staining) or positive (1 +, 2 +, or 3 + staining) was concordant in 151 of 160 carcinomas (94.4%) with 2 antibodies using manual scoring. Five samples (3%) that scored 1 + with the PharmDx kit antibody scored 0 with the clone 31G7 antibody; whereas 4 samples (2.5%) that scored 1 + with the clone 31G7 antibody scored 0 with the PharmDx kit antibody.CONCLUSIONSThe EGFR expression results obtained by immunohistochemistry using both the EGFR PharmaDx kit and the 31G7 clone were comparable. Either antibody may be used for immunohistochemical detection of EGFR in colorectal carcinomas. In addition, manual scoring had an excellent correlation with automated scoring. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Mature results from a randomized Phase II trial of cisplatin plus 5‐fluorouracil and radiotherapy with or without tirapazamine in patients with resectable Stage IV head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Le Quynh‐Thu , Taira Al , Budenz Sherie , Jo Dorie Mary , Goffinet Don R. , Fee Willard E. , Goode Richard , Bloch Daniel , Koong Albert , Martin Brown J. , Pinto Harlan A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this article was to report the results from a randomized trial that evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of adding tirapazamine (TPZ) to chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC).METHODSSixty‐two patients with lymph node‐positive, resectable, TNM Stage IV HNSCC were randomized to receive either 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy (TPZ, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil [5‐FU]) followed by simultaneous chemoradiotherapy (TPZ, cisplatin, and 5‐FU) or to receive the same regimen without TPZ. Patients who did not achieve a complete response at 50 Grays underwent surgical treatment. Stratification factors for randomization included tumor site, TNM stage, and median tumor oxygen tension. The primary endpoint was complete lymph node response.RESULTSThe addition of TPZ resulted in increased hematologic toxicity. There was 1 treatment‐related death from induction chemotherapy. The complete clinical and pathologic response rate in the lymph nodes was 90% and 74% for the standard treatment arm and the TPZ arm, respectively (P= .08) and 89% and 90% at the primary site in the respective treatment arms (P= .71). The 5‐year overall survival rate was 59%, the cause‐specific survival rate was 68%, the rate of freedom from recurrence was 69%, and the locoregional control rate was 77% for the entire group. There was no difference with regard to any of the outcome parameters between the 2 treatement arms. The significant long‐term toxicity rate also was found to be similar between the 2 arms.CONCLUSIONSThe addition of TPZ increased hematologic toxicity but did not improve outcomes in patients with resectable, Stage IV HNSCC using the protocol administered this small randomized study. The combination of induction and simultaneous chemoradiotherapy resulted in excellent survival in these patients. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Respective clustering of unfavorable and favorable cytogenetic clones in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia with homozygosity for JAK2V617F and response to erythropoietin therapy
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew , Strand Jacob J. , Lasho Terra L. , Elliott Michelle A. , Li Chin‐Yang , Mesa Ruben A. , Dewald Gordon W. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients who have myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) display recurrent, albeit nonspecific cytogenetic abnormalities that are diverse prognostically. For the current study, the authors explored the relation between specific cytogenetic clones and JAK2V617F mutational status in patients with MMM and the effects on treatment response to erythropoietin (Epo).METHODSConcomitantly collected blood granulocytes and bone marrow were processed for JAK2V617F mutation analysis and cytogenetic studies, respectively. Genomic DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescent dye chemistry sequencing was performed by using the same primers that were used for amplification.RESULTSAmong 105 study patients, cytogenetic abnormalities were detected in 47 patients (45%), and the JAK2V617F mutation was detected in 52 patients (50%). Comparison of mutational frequencies between favorable (normal, sole 13q−, or 20q− clones; n = 70 patients) and unfavorable (all other abnormalities; n = 35 patients) cytogenetic categories revealed a significantly different incidence of homozygous JAK2V617F between them (9% vs. 23%, respectively; P = .04). Furthermore, the mutant allele coexisted with several recurrent cytogenetic lesions. Among 25 patients who received Epo either alone (n = 17 patients) or in combination with hydroxyurea (n = 8 patients), 4 patients (16%) achieved a response, and none of them were homozygous for JAK2V617F. Conversely, a response was more likely (P = .0001) in the presence of favorable cytogenetic abnormalities (i.e., 3 of 4 responders carried sole 13q− or 20q− clones).CONCLUSIONSUnfavorable and favorable cytogenetic clones in MMM clustered with homozygosity for JAK2V617F and treatment response to Epo‐based therapy, respectively. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Is T classification still correlated with lymph node status after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer?
Authors: Kim Duck‐Woo , Kim Dae Yong , Kim Tae Hyun , Jung Kyung Hae , Chang Hee Jin , KyungSohn Dae , Lim Seok‐Byung , Choi Hyo Seong , Jeong Seung‐yong , Park Jae‐Gahb 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is well known that the risk of lymph node involvement increases according to pathologic T classification in rectal cancers, but to the authors' knowledge, the correlation between risk of lymph node involvement and ypT classification in rectal cancers treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) remains unclear. The current study investigated the correlation between tumor involvement in regional lymph nodes and rectal mural tumor status in patients who underwent preoperative CRT for rectal cancer.METHODSBetween October 2001 and February 2005, 282 patients underwent preoperative CRT followed by proctectomy for locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. Correlations between lymph node status and ypT classification, Dworak regression grade, and magnetic resonance (MR) volumetry findings were explored.RESULTSLymph nodes harboring tumors were found in 87 of 282 (30.9%) patients. The rate of lymph node involvement was found to be correlated with ypT‐classification (P < .001); positive lymph nodes were detected in 1 of 45 (2.2%) ypT0 patients, 1 of 13 (7.7%) ypT1 patients, 13 of 77 (16.9%) ypT2 patients, 69 of 140 (49.3%) ypT3 patients, and 3 of 7 (42.9%) ypT4 patients. The rate of lymph node involvement decreased as Dworak regression grade increased (P < .001); tumor‐harboring lymph nodes were found in 62.3% of Grade 1 patients, 31.4% of Grade 2 patients, 16.1% of Grade 3 patients, and 2.2% of Grade 4 patients. There were no differences noted with regard to MR volumetry findings, including mean volume of pre‐ or post‐CRT tumor and the tumor volume reduction rate between lymph node‐negative and lymph node‐positive patients.CONCLUSIONSPathologic T classification is still the most reliable predictor of lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer patients who have undergone preoperative CRT. The risk of lymph node metastasis was found to be 3.4% in rectal cancer that had regressed to ypT0 or ypT1. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.