bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethylene Butyl Acrylate Glycidyl Methacrylate Terpolymer as an Interfacial Agent for Isotactic Poly(propylene)/Wood Flour Composites
Authors: Kaci Mustapha , Cimmino Sossio , Silvestre Clara , Duraccio Donatella , Benhamida Aida , Zaidi Linda 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSummary: This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation concerning the use of an ethylene butyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate (EBAGMA) terpolymer as an interfacial agent for isotactic poly(propylene)/wood flour (iPP/WF) composites at various filler ratios (10, 20 and 30 wt.‐%). The effects of the EBAGMA terpolymer on the morphology, tensile properties, impact strength and water uptake of the iPP/WF composites were studied and the results were compared with those obtained with maleated poly(propylene) (MAPP) used as a compatibilizer. Initially, the mixing process was performed in a calendaring unit at 170 °C for pre‐homogenization of the filler in the matrix. Composites made out of these combinations were then ground and injected into a standard mold at 180 °C in the absence and the presence of compatibilizer. The results indicated that both EBAGMA terpolymer and MAPP improved the interactions between iPP and WF, and induced a better dispersion of wood particles in the polymer matrix, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, tensile properties and impact strength were also increased. Another important effect was on the water absorption property, which was significantly lower for the samples with EBAGMA and MAPP. However, EBAGMA terpolymer produced better enhancement of the properties of the iPP/WF composites compared to the compatibilized samples with MAPP.SEM micrographs of the fracture surface of iPP/WF composites (70/30 wt.‐%): (a) without compatibilizer; (b) with 10 pph EBAGMA; (c) with 10 pph MAPP. Magnification was ×500.magnified imageSEM micrographs of the fracture surface of iPP/WF composites (70/30 wt.‐%): (a) without compatibilizer; (b) with 10 pph EBAGMA; (c) with 10 pph MAPP. Magnification was ×500.
Surfactant‐Free Spinning of Composite Carbon Nanotube Fibers
Authors: Néri Wilfrid , Maugey Maryse , Miaudet Pierre , Derré Alain , Zakri Cécile , Poulin Philippe 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSummary: Fibers and yarns are promising forms to use and control the spatial orientation of carbon nanotubes in macroscopic materials. Various approaches have been proposed in the last few years to achieve fibers with a fraction of carbon nanotubes. Among them, coagulation spinning in aqueous media has proven to be a simple and capable method of leading to super‐tough materials. However, all water‐based processes described so far have made use of surfactant‐stabilized carbon nanotubes. In the present work, a method is shown to spin fibers from surfactant‐free nanotube solutions while preserving an all water‐based process. The resultant fibers exhibit mechanical and electrical properties that compare well with those of previously reported fibers spun with surfactants. The fibers exhibit a significant toughness and a high electrical conductivity.Scanning electron micrograph of the fiber, showing the surface texture.magnified imageScanning electron micrograph of the fiber, showing the surface texture.
In vivo quantification of regional myocardial blood flow: Validity of the fast‐exchange approximation for intravascular T1 contrast agent and long inversion time
Authors: Wiart Marlene , Carme Sabin , Maï Wilfried , Larsson Henrik B.W. , Neyran Bruno , Canet‐Soulas Emmanuelle 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn the present study we investigated the effects of water exchange between intra‐ and extravascular compartments on absolute quantification of regional myocardial blood flow (rMBF) using a saturation‐recovery sequence with a rather long inversion time (TI, 176 ms) and a T1‐shortening intravascular contrast agent (CMD‐A2‐Gd‐DOTA). Data were acquired in normal and ischemically injured pigs, with radiolabeled microsphere flow measurements used as the gold standard. Five water exchange rates (fast, 6 Hz, 3 Hz, 1 Hz, and no exchange) were tested. The results demonstrate that the fast‐exchange approximation may be appropriate for rMBF quantification using the described experimental setting. Relaxation rate change (ΔR1) analysis improved the accuracy of the analysis of rMBF compared to the MR signal. In conclusion, the current protocol could provide sufficient accuracy for estimating rMBF assuming fast exchange and a linear relationship between signal and tissue concentration when quantification of precontrast T1 is not an option. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Melt processing effects on the structure and mechanical properties of PA‐6/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Borse Nitin K. , Kamal Musa R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPolyamide‐6 nanocomposites were prepared using two organoclays, Cloisite 30B and Cloisite 15A, and Cloisite Na+, which is unmodified sodium montmorillonite (Na‐MMT) clay. Nanocomposites were prepared using two twin‐screw extrusion systems: System B employing conventional mixing and residence time conditions, while System A was modified to achieve longer residence time and higher mixing efficiency. The work considers the effects of mixing conditions, residence time, and interactions between the polymer and clay surface on the structure and mechanical properties of polyamide‐6 (PA‐6)/clay nanocomposites. Furthermore, a comparison was made between experimental data and the predictions of composite models usually employed to predict mechanical properties of nanocomposites. The melt processing of Cloisite 30B in System A produced the highest degrees of exfoliation and the largest enhancement of mechanical properties. The aspect ratios of the filler particles in the nanocomposites were estimated from TEM micrographs and from composite models. Yield stress data were employed to calculate the values of parameter B in Pukanszky's equation, which incorporates the effects of the interfacial interaction, interfacial strength, and specific surface area of the filler particles. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:1094–1103, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Stress dependence of Raman vibrational bands of PbWO4 single crystals
Authors: Zhu W. L. , Wan K. S. , Huang Y. L. , Feng X. Q. , Pezzotti G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA microscopic piezo‐spectroscopic (PS) investigation of the stress dependence of the Raman bands of lead tungstate was conducted, which used a ball‐on‐ring flexure method, aimed at adding controlled biaxial stresses on thin‐plate samples. Spectral shifts varying with applied loads and in‐depth positions were observed for a ‐ and c ‐plane PbWO4 single crystals, confirmed by polarized Raman experiments. Taking account of the laser probe function, theoretical convolutions were performed to determine precisely the PS coefficients, which were determined as Π 11 = Π 22 = –1.29 ± 0.20 cm–1/GPa and Π 33 = –0.87 ± 0.25 cm–1/ GPa for the 902 cm–1 A g species. Accordingly, the residual stresses generated by mechanical treatments were analysed based on the derived coefficients. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
CuInS2 and CuGaS2 thin films grown by modulated flux deposition with various Cu contents
Authors: Guillén C. , Herrero J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCopper indium sulphide and copper gallium sulphide thin films have been prepared using a novel modulated flux deposition process from elemental evaporation sources that were adjusted to give different cation (Cu/In or Cu/Ga) ratios ranging from 0.6 to 1.4. The crystalline structure and optical properties of the samples, as determined by X‐ray diffraction and spectrophotometry, have been analysed as a function of the overall composition. Also, the atomic distribution in the film depth has been obtained by combining X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Ar+ sputter etching. An increase in copper content leads to an increase of the average crystallite size and a decrease of the structural stress, and an increase of the absorption coefficient at low energies. These effects are more pronounced for the copper gallium sulphide than for the copper indium sulphide samples for the preparation conditions used. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hysteresis loops and susceptibility of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic bilayer system
Authors: Jiang Wei , Bai Bao‐Dong 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe hysteresis loops and susceptibility of a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic bilayer system consisting of two magnetic monolayers (A and B) with different spins (SA = 1/2 and SB = 3/2) in the presence of the crystal field in the monolayer B have been studied. Within the effective‐field theory based on the differential operator technique, the effects of the external longitudinal magnetic field on the magnetization and susceptibility of the honeycomb lattice are discussed in detail. We show that by choice of the temperature the hysteresis loops can be varied over a very wide range. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermal stability of Fe, Co, Ni metal nanoparticles
Authors: Cao L. F. , Xu G. Y. , Xie D. , Guo M. X. , Luo L. , Li Z. , Wang M. P. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe thermal stability of metal nanoparticles is discussed in both melting thermodynamics and interface thermodynamics. Emphases are put on the size and shape dependence of melting temperature, critical size and vacancy‐formation energy of both freestanding and embedded metal nanoparticles. The melting temperature depression and superheating phenomena for reported nanoparticle systems are explained. Critical sizes of Fe, Co, Ni metal nanocrystals that the crystals keep their crystallinity are calculated and the corresponding minimum melting temperatures predicted. The vacancy‐formation energies of Fe, Co, Ni small particles are also calculated as a reference. Theoretical predictions are consistent with experimental results. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamical processes on relaxed excited states in NH4Cl:Tl+ single crystals
Authors: Kawai Taketoshi , Hashimoto Satoshi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe have investigated the temperature dependence of temporal behaviors of the AX and AT luminescence bands in NH4Cl:Tl+ single crystals under an ArF excimer laser excitation. The time‐resolved AX luminescence spectra reveal the existence of two luminescence bands which are attributed to the radiative transitions from the relaxed 3T1u and 3A1u states, respectively. The slow decay of the luminescence due to the transition from the 3A1u state in the AX band becomes fast with increasing temperature from 16 K to 27 K. Then, the AT band exhibits a temporal rise reflecting the non‐radiative transition from the AX to AT minima on the adiabatic potential energy surface for the 3A1u state. The temperature dependence of the slow decay time of the AX band is analyzed by using the WKB method considering the non‐radiative transitions from vibrational energy levels in the adiabatic potential well. As a results, the temperature dependence can be fitted by taking the TA phonon energy of the NH4Cl bulk crystal as the separation energy between the vibrational energy levels. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spin‐polarized electronic structure of Mn–IV–V2 chalcopyrites
Authors: Naveh Doron , Kronik Leeor 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe present ab initio density functional theory calculations for the electronic structure of chalcopyrite Mn–IV–V2, with IV = (Si,Ge) and V = (N,P,As), in their ferromagnetic phase. We find that the P and As containing compounds (some of which been recently synthesized) are normal ferromagnetic metals and are therefore of limited use for spintronic applications. The N containing compounds, however, are predicted to be semiconducting, with a valence band that has a wide energy range with 100% spin polarization. As such, they emerge as interesting candidate materials for spin‐polarized transport. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ultrasound imaging of the lower urinary tract after successful tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure
Authors: Masata J. , Martan A. , Svabik K. , Drahoradova P. , Pavlikova M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate changes in the mobility of the whole urethra, in the proximal urethra (funneling) and in the thickness of the urinary bladder wall, after a successful tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure.MethodsThis prospective longitudinal study included 52 women with urodynamically confirmed stress urinary incontinence who had undergone a successful TVT procedure. Ultrasound examination was performed before the TVT procedure and at a median of 3 (range, 3–6) months after surgery. For all women, the changes to the urethra and urinary bladder induced by surgery were examined. For three mobility groups (low, intermediate and high urethral mobility before surgery) we compared the changes induced by the operation and the typical position and mobility of the tape.ResultsThe position of the urethra at rest was not influenced by surgery. The operation significantly decreased the mobility of all parts of the urethra during Valsalva. The absolute changes of the vector of the urethral movement differed according to the mobility group (average decrease, 6 mm; decrease for women with low, intermediate and high mobility, respectively, 2–3 mm, 4–6 mm and 9 mm). The change in relative mobility was the same in all groups. The operation decreased funneling (width and depth) during maximal Valsalva. After surgery there was an increase in the thickness of the bladder wall (by 0.64 and 0.73 mm, respectively, at the anterior part and trigone).ConclusionsA successful TVT procedure did not influence the position of the urethra at rest but significantly decreased the mobility of the urethra during Valsalva and also decreased funneling at maximal Valsalva. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stage‐dependent fetal umbilical blood flow changes induced by laser therapy and amniodrainage in twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Becker J. , Hernandez‐Andrade E. , Muñoz‐Abellana B. , Acosta R. , Cabero L. , Gratacós E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate changes in umbilical blood flow (UBF) and Doppler indices in pregnancies complicated by twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTS) treated with either laser therapy or amniodrainage, and to evaluate the influence of the presence of hemodynamic deterioration prior to therapy, as determined by the Quintero stages of severity.MethodsForty‐eight cases of TTS were included, and further classified into severity Stages I or II (absence of critically abnormal Dopplers (CAD), n = 22) and Stages III or IV (presence of CAD or hydrops fetalis, n = 26). In Stages I–II, 14 cases were treated with laser and eight with amniodrainage, and in Stages III–IV, 17 were treated with laser and nine with amniodrainage. Differences in the UBF, umbilical artery pulstility index (UA‐PI) and ductus venosus pulsatility index (DV‐PI) were estimated for both groups of severity before and after both treatments. Eleven normal monochorionic pregnancies were evaluated as controls.ResultsIn recipients, UBF was significantly higher with respect to controls regardless of the stage, while donors had a significant decrease in UBF, but only in Stages III–IV. After laser treatment no changes were observed in fetuses in Stages I–II. In Stages III–IV, recipients showed a significant reduction in the DV‐PI (mean DV‐PI 1.31 ± 0.18 vs. 1.05 ± 0.22; P = 0.005) whereas donors showed a significant increase in the UBF (mean UBF 134 ± 36 mL/min vs. 195 ± 25 mL/min; P < 0.001) and in the DV‐PI (mean DV‐PI 0.99 ± 0.26 vs. 1.36 ± 0.42; P = 0.002), and a reduction in the UA‐PI (mean UA‐PI 1.86 ± 0.41 vs. 1.58 ± 0.30; P = 0.01). After amniodrainage only donor fetuses in Stages III–IV showed an increase in UA‐PI (mean UA‐PI 1.54 ± 0.35 vs. 1.72 ± 0.40; P = 0.015). No other changes were observed in any of the parameters studied.ConclusionLaser therapy induces consistent hemodynamic variations in TTS mainly manifested in Stages III–IV. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of Δ12 and ω3‐fatty acid desaturase genes from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis and their heterologous expression to produce linoleic and α‐linolenic acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kainou Kumiko , Kamisaka Yasushi , Kimura Kazuyoshi , Uemura Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTwo clones with homology to known fatty acid desaturase genes were isolated from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. The first gene, which we designate KlFAD2, consists of 411 amino acids with an overall identity of 73.0% to FAD2 from Saccharomyces kluyveri. It exhibited Δ12 fatty acid desaturase activity when expressed in S. cerevisiae under the control of ADH1 promoter and produced endogenous linoleic acid. The second clone, which we designate KlFAD3, consists of 415 amino acids with an overall identity of 79.3% to FAD3 from S. kluyveri. It exhibited ω3 fatty acid desaturase activity in S. cerevisiae when expressed under the control of ADH1 promoter in the presence of the exogenous substrate linoleic acid and produced α‐linolenic acid. Co‐expression of KlFAD2 and KlFAD3 resulted in the endogenous production of both linoleic and α‐linolenic acids. The yield of α‐linolenic acid reached 0.8% of total fatty acids and its production was not increased by adding exogenous oleic acid; α‐linolenic acid reached 8.7% when exogenous linoleic acid was available. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Searching RNA motifs and their intermolecular contacts with constraint networks
Authors: Thébault P. , de Givry S. , Schiex T. , Gaspin C. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Motivation: Searching RNA gene occurrences in genomic sequences is a task whose importance has been renewed by the recent discovery of numerous functional RNA, often interacting with other ligands. Even if several programs exist for RNA motif search, none exists that can represent and solve the problem of searching for occurrences of RNA motifs in interaction with other molecules.
Results: We present a constraint network formulation of this problem. RNA are represented as structured motifs that can occur on more than one sequence and which are related together by possible hybridization. The implemented tool MilPat is used to search for several sRNA families in genomic sequences. Results show that MilPat allows to efficiently search for interacting motifs in large genomic sequences and offers a simple and extensible framework to solve such problems. New and known sRNA are identified as H/ACA candidates in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii.
Availability:
Contact: milpat@toulouse.inra.fr
ZooDDD: a cross-species database for digital differential display analysis
Authors: Chen Yun-Ching , Hsiao Chung-Der , Lin Wen-Dar , Hu Chung-Ming , Hwang Pung-Pung , Ho Jan-Ming 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Summary: In this article, we combined EST information from the UniGene database and orthologous relationships from the Ensembl database to construct a ZooDDD database. The primary function of ZooDDD is to mine evolutionary conserved, highly expressed, tissue-specific orthologues in model animals. The candidate genes of interest derived from the ZooDDD database will provide biologists with a good step for comparing the expression, functions and evolution of animal genomes.
Availability:
Contact: cyc@iis.sinica.edu.tw, pphwang@gate.sinica.edu.tw, hoho@iis.sinica.edu.tw
Extracellular Matrix Metalloprotease Inducer Stimulates Fibroblast‐Mediated Tumor Growth In Vivo
Authors: Rosenthal Eben L. , Vidrine D Macy , Zhang Wenyue 
Published: July 2006

AbstractHypothesis: Extracellular matrix metalloprotease inducer (EMMPRIN) is a molecule expressed on the cell surface of tumor cells that has been shown to induce both tumor cells and fibroblasts to express matrix metalloproteases in vitro. We hypothesize that fibroblasts are stimulated by EMMPRIN to create a microenvironment favorable to tumor growth.Study Design: Case series review of laryngeal cancer and assessment of tumor cell lines in vivo.Methods: EMMPRIN immunoreactivity in 33 pathologic specimens from patients with supraglottic laryngeal cancer was correlated with clinicopathologic features and survival. The CAL 27 cell line was transfected with EMMPRIN (CAL 27E) or a control vector (CAL 27). Cells were xenografted into the flank of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice with or without a co‐injection of normal dermal fibroblasts (NDFs).Results: Immunohistochemical detection of EMMPRIN in laryngeal cancer specimens demonstrated expression in all the tumors but not in adjacent, histologically normal mucosa. EMMPRIN membrane immunoreactivity (transmembrane EMMPRIN score) was associated with nodal positivity (P = .07), and it was associated with poorer survival (hazard ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval 0.88, 6.55). As a categoric variable, higher EMMPRIN expression positively correlates with higher mortality. To determine whether EMMPRIN mediates tumor growth in vivo through fibroblast stimulation, EMMPRIN‐expressing CAL 27 (CAL 27E) xenografted (n = 20) onto the flank of SCID mice developed larger tumors than CAL 27 control vector transfected cells alone (n = 20), but they were not significantly larger (P = .17). However, when CAL 27E cells were co‐injected with NDFs, there was a statistically significant increase in tumor growth compared with the CAL 27 cells co‐injected with NDFs (n = 10, P = .0038).Conclusions: As a cell surface expressed protein that promotes tumor growth and high expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma but not in normal tissue, EMMPRIN may be a good target for directed molecular therapy.
A Comparative Study of 200 Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsies Performed by Clinicians and Cytopathologists
Authors: Wu Maoxin , Burstein David E. , Yuan Songyang , Nurse Leslie A. , Szporn Arnold H. , Zhang David , Genden Eric 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of suspicious masses. Most FNA biopsies of palpable masses can be performed without radioguidance by either clinicians or cytopathologists; however, it is unclear if there is a difference in the diagnostic yield of the procedure based on who performs the FNA. We reviewed the FNA biopsy results of 200 patients presenting with head and neck masses to a tertiary care center from 2003 to 2004. One hundred FNA biopsies were performed by clinicians and 100 performed by cytopathologists. Seventy‐one underwent subsequent surgical biopsy or definitive surgery. Results of the FNA biopsies performed by the clinicians and the cytopathologists were compared based on the percentages of FNAs that were diagnostic, suspicious/suggestive, and nondiagnostic. Additionally, the pathology results of the 71 surgical biopsies or resections were compared with the preoperative FNA results. Of the 100 FNA biopsies performed by cytopathologists, 83% were diagnostic, 10% were suspicious/suggestive, and 7% were nondiagnostic. Of the 100 FNA biopsies performed by clinicians, 24% were diagnostic, 43% were suspicious/suggestive, and 33% were nondiagnostic. Cytopathologists achieved significantly better results (P < .0001, two‐tailed t‐test). Of the 71 cases with surgical follow up (50 by cytopathologists and 21 by clinicians), 94% of cases performed by cytopathologists and 67% of those performed by clinicians show agreement with final surgical pathology results. Overall, the FNAs performed by cytopathologists show significantly better diagnostic accuracy (P = .0002134, two‐tailed t‐test). FNA provides valuable information in the workup of suspicious head and neck masses. Cytopathologists may achieve significantly better results.