bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3.0-T MR-guided transgluteal in-bore-targeted prostate biopsy under local anesthesia in patients without rectal access: a single-institute experience and review of literature
Authors: Bera Kaustav , Ramaiya Nikhil , Paspulati Raj Mohan , Nakamoto Dean , Tirumani Sree Harsha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To describe the technique and evaluate the performance of MRI-guided transgluteal in-bore-targeted biopsy of the prostate gland under local anesthesia in patients without rectal access.

Methods
Ten men (mean age, 69 (range 57–86) years) without rectal access underwent 13 MRI-guided transgluteal in-bore-targeted biopsy of the prostate gland under local anesthesia. All patients underwent mp-MRI at our institute prior to biopsy. Three patients had prior US-guided transperineal biopsy which was unsuccessful in one, negative in one, and yielded GG1 (GS6) PCa in one. Procedure time, complications, histopathology result, and subsequent management were recorded.

Results
Median interval between rectal surgery and presentation with elevated PSA was 12.5 years (interquartile range (IQR) 25–75, 8–36.5 years). Mean PSA was 11.9 (range, 4.8 -59.0) ng/ml and PSA density was 0.49 (0.05 -3.2) ng/ml/ml. Distribution of PI-RADS v2.0/2.1 scores of the targeted lesions were PI-RADS 5–3; PI-RADS 4–6; and PI-RADS 3–1. Mean lesion size was 1.5 cm (range, 1.0–3.6 cm). Median interval between MRI and biopsy was 5.5 months (IQR 25–75, 1.5–9 months). Mean procedure time was 47.4 min (range, 29–80 min) and the number of cores varied between 3 and 5. Of the 13 biopsies, 4 yielded clinically significant prostate cancer (csPca), with a Gleason score ≥ 7, 1 yielded insignificant prostate cancer (Gleason score = 6), 7 yielded benign prostatic tissue, and one was technically unsuccessful. 3/13 biopsies were repeat biopsies which detected csPCa in 2 out of the 3 patients. None of the patients had biopsy-related complication. Biopsy result changed management to radiation therapy with ADT in 2 patients with the rest on active surveillance.

Conclusion
MRI-guided transgluteal in-bore-targeted biopsy of the prostate gland under local anesthesia is feasible in patients without rectal access.
Herausforderungen der Automation bei der quantitativen Auswertung von Leberbiopsien
Authors: Darling Jessica , Abedin Nada , Ziegler Paul K. , Gretser Steffen , Walczak Barbara , Barreiros Ana Paula , Schulze Falko , Reis Henning , Wild Peter J. , Flinner Nadine 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die MASLD (metabolische Dysfunktion-assoziierte steatotische Lebererkrankung, oder nichtalkoholische Fettlebererkrankung [NAFLD]) ist eine häufige Erkrankung, deren Diagnose auf der lichtmikroskopischen Auswertung von Leberbiopsien basiert. Diese unterliegt jedoch einer großen Interbetrachtervariabilität (IBV), die durch Hinzunahme von automatisierten Methoden verringert werden kann.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ein Großteil der bestehenden computerbasierenden Methoden reflektiert nicht das, was in der Realität vom Pathologen bewertet wird. Ziel ist es, aufzuzeigen, wie diese Unterschiede die Vorhersage des Verfettungsgrads (VG) beeinflussen. Zusätzlich erschwert die IBV die Validierung von Algorithmen.

Material und Methoden
Insgesamt 40 Gewebeschnitte wurden automatisch mit Bildanalysemethoden zur Fett‑, Zellkern- und Fibroseerkennung ausgewertet. Die Daten wurden verwendet, um den VG zu berechnen. Die IBV bei der Quantifizierung des VG wurde dabei an 18 Gewebeschnitten durch unterschiedliche Pathologen analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Flächenbasierte Ansätze erzielten stärkere Korrelationen als zellkernbasierte Methoden (⌀ Spearman-Rho [ρ] = 0,92 vs. 0,79). Die Hinzunahme von Informationen zur Gewebekomposition verringerte für flächenbasierte und zellkernbasierte Methoden den durchschnittlichen absoluten Vorhersagefehler um 0,5 % bzw. 2,2 %. Unser finaler flächenbasierter Algorithmus, der Informationen zum Gewebeaufbau integriert, erreichte eine hohe Genauigkeit (80 %) und starke Korrelation (⌀ ρ = 0,94) mit der manuellen Auswertung.

Diskussion
Die automatische und deterministische Bestimmung des VG lässt sich durch die Integration von Informationen der Gewebekomposition verbessern und kann dazu dienen, den Einfluss der IBV zu verringern.
Development and validation of AI-based automatic measurement of coronal Cobb angles in degenerative scoliosis using sagittal lumbar MRI
Authors: van der Graaf Jasper W. , van Hooff Miranda L. , van Ginneken Bram , Huisman Merel , Rutten Matthieu , Lamers Dominique , Lessmann Nikolas , de Kleuver Marinus 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Severity of degenerative scoliosis (DS) is assessed by measuring the Cobb angle on anteroposterior radiographs. However, MRI images are often available to study the degenerative spine. This retrospective study aims to develop and evaluate the reliability of a novel automatic method that measures coronal Cobb angles on lumbar MRI in DS patients.

Materials and methods
Vertebrae and intervertebral discs were automatically segmented using a 3D AI algorithm, trained on 447 lumbar MRI series. The segmentations were used to calculate all possible angles between the vertebral endplates, with the largest being the Cobb angle. The results were validated with 50 high-resolution sagittal lumbar MRI scans of DS patients, in which three experienced readers measured the Cobb angle. Reliability was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
The ICCs between the readers ranged from 0.90 (95% CI 0.83–0.94) to 0.93 (95% CI 0.88–0.96). The ICC between the maximum angle found by the algorithm and the average manually measured Cobb angles was 0.83 (95% CI 0.71–0.90). In 9 out of the 50 cases (18%), all readers agreed on both vertebral levels for Cobb angle measurement. When using the algorithm to extract the angles at the vertebral levels chosen by the readers, the ICCs ranged from 0.92 (95% CI 0.87–0.96) to 0.97 (95% CI 0.94–0.98).

Conclusion
The Cobb angle can be accurately measured on MRI using the newly developed algorithm in patients with DS. The readers failed to consistently choose the same vertebral level for Cobb angle measurement, whereas the automatic approach ensures the maximum angle is consistently measured.

Clinical relevance statement
Our AI-based algorithm offers reliable Cobb angle measurement on routine MRI for degenerative scoliosis patients, potentially reducing the reliance on conventional radiographs, ensuring consistent assessments, and therefore improving patient care.

Key Points
• While often available, MRI images are rarely utilized to determine the severity of degenerative scoliosis.
• The presented MRI Cobb angle algorithm is more reliable than humans in patients with degenerative scoliosis.
• Radiographic imaging for Cobb angle measurements is mitigated when lumbar MRI images are available.

Graphical Abstract
2bRAD reveals fine-scale genetic structuring among populations within the Mediterranean zoanthid Parazoanthus axinellae (Schmidt, 1862)
Authors: Terzin Marko , Villamor Adriana , Marincich Lorenzo , Matterson Kenan , Paletta Maria Grazia , Bertuccio Valentina , Bavestrello Giorgio , Benedetti Cecchi Lisandro , Boscari Elisa , Cerrano Carlo , Chimienti Giovanni , Congiu Leonardo , Fraschetti Simonetta , Mastrototaro Francesco , Ponti Massimo , Sandulli Roberto , Turicchia Eva , Zane Lorenzo , Abbiati Marco , Costantini Federica 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe zoanthid Parazoanthus axinellae (Schmidt, 1862) is a widespread coral species in the Mediterranean coralligenous assemblages where two morphotypes are found: Slender and Stocky, differing in size, color, and preferred substrate. Due to these marked differences, Slender and Stocky morphotypes were hypothesized to be two species. Here, we used 2bRAD to obtain genome‐wide genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to investigate the genetic differentiation between Slender and Stocky morphs, as well as their population structure. A total of 101 specimens of P. axinellae were sampled and genotyped from eight locations along the Italian coastline. In four locations, samples of the two morphotypes were collected in sympatry. 2bRAD genome-wide SNPs were used to assess the genetic divergence between the two morphotypes (1319 SNPs), and population connectivity patterns within Slender (1926 SNPs) and Stocky (1871 SNPs) morphotypes. Marked and consistent differentiation was detected between Slender and Stocky morphotypes. The widely distributed Slender morphotype showed higher population mixing patterns, while populations of the Stocky morphotype exhibited a stronger genetic structure at a regional scale. The strong genetic differentiation observed between P. axinellae Slender and Stocky morphotypes provides additional evidence that these morphs could be attributed to different species, although further morphological and ecological studies are required to validate this hypothesis. Our study highlights the importance of resolving phylogenetic and taxonomic disparities within taxonomically problematic groups, such as the P. axinellae species complex, when performing genetic connectivity studies for management and conservation purposes.
Graphical Abstract
Schematic overview of the main genetic structuring patterns observed in this study. Coral polyps were colored to intuitively associate the reader to Parazoanthus axinellae morphotypes, with orange tones being attributed to the Stocky morphotype, and yellow tones to the Slender morphotype. Bidirectional arrows represent gene flow between coral individuals, with the number and thickness of arrows corresponding to the intensity of gene flow rates. The red dashed line represents the potential reproductive isolation between Slender and Stocky morphs
Erste Klassifikationskriterien für durch Kalziumpyrophosphatablagerungen verursachte Erkrankungen – Übersetzung, Erläuterung und Bewertung
Authors: Braun Jürgen , Krekeler Martin , Kiltz Uta 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung
Für die durch Kalziumpyrophosphatablagerungen verursachten Erkrankungen („calcium pyrophosphate deposition [CPPD] disease“) fehlten bislang validierte Klassifikationskriterien. Die kürzlich hierfür entwickelten und validierten Klassifikationskriterien wurden in dieser Arbeit übersetzt, erläutert und bewertet.

Methoden
In den letzten Jahren hat eine multinationale Forschergruppe mit Unterstützung der European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) und dem American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Klassifikationskriterien für die CPPD-Erkrankung einer etablierten Methodik folgend entwickelt. Die Übersetzung und Kommentierung der neuen ersten Klassifikationskriterien für die CPPD-Erkrankung erfolgten iterativ im Konsens der Autoren.

Ergebnisse
Für die Klassifikation als CPPD-Erkrankung reicht das Vorhandensein eines Crowned-Dens-Syndroms oder von Kalziumpyrophosphatkristallen in der Synovialflüssigkeit bei Patienten mit Gelenkschmerzen, -schwellungen oder -empfindlichkeit (Eintrittskriterium), deren Symptome nicht vollständig durch eine andere rheumatische Erkrankung erklärt werden können (Ausschlusskriterium), aus, um eine(n) Betroffene(n) als CPPD-Patient*in zu klassifizieren. Liegen diese Befunde nicht vor, kann eine Punktzahl von mehr als 56 Punkten anhand gewichteter Kriterien, die sich aus klinischen Merkmalen, Ergebnissen und Befunden zusammensetzen, zur Einstufung als CPPD-Erkrankung herangezogen werden. Diese Kriterien hatten eine Sensitivität von 92,2 % und eine Spezifität von 87,9 % in der Ableitungskohorte (190 CPPD-Fälle, 148 Mimiker), während die Sensitivität 99,2 % und die Spezifität 92,5 % in der Validierungskohorte (251 CPPD-Fälle, 162 Mimiker) betrug.

Schlussfolgerung
Die ACR/EULAR-Klassifikationskriterien von 2023 für die CPPD-Erkrankung werden die klinische Forschung auf diesem Gebiet erleichtern. Die klinische Anwendung i wird zeigen, wie praktikabel die Kriterien sind.
Immune recovery uveitis: a focus review
Authors: Rodrigues Alves Nuno , Barão Catarina , Mota Catarina , Costa Lívio , Proença Rita Pinto 
Published: February 2024

AbstractImmune recovery uveitis (IRU) is an intraocular inflammation that typically occurs as part of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in the eye. Typically, it affects human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with recognized or unrecognized cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis who are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). IRU is a common cause of new vision loss in these patients, and it manifests with a wide range of symptoms and an increased risk of inflammatory complications, such as macular edema. Recently, similar IRU-like responses have been observed in non-HIV individuals with immune reconstitution following immunosuppression of diverse etiologies, posing challenges in diagnosis and treatment. This review provides an updated overview of the current literature on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, biomarkers, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment strategies for IRU.
Application of BiLSTM-CRF model with different embeddings for product name extraction in unstructured Turkish text
Authors: Arslan Serdar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNamed entity recognition (NER) plays a pivotal role in Natural Language Processing by identifying and classifying entities within textual data. While NER methodologies have seen significant advancements, driven by pretrained word embeddings and deep neural networks, the majority of these studies have focused on text with well-defined grammar and structure. A significant research gap exists concerning NER in informal or unstructured text, where traditional grammar rules and sentence structure are absent. This research addresses this crucial gap by focusing on the detection of product names within unstructured Turkish text. To accomplish this, we propose a deep learning-based NER model which combines a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) architecture with a Conditional Random Field (CRF) layer, further enhanced by FastText embeddings. To comprehensively evaluate and compare our model’s performance, we explore different embedding approaches, including Word2Vec and Glove, in conjunction with the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory and Conditional Random Field (BiLSTM-CRF) model. Furthermore, we conduct comparisons against BERT to assess the efficacy of our approach. Our experimentation utilizes a Turkish e-commerce dataset gathered from the internet, where traditional grammatical and structural rules may not apply. The BiLSTM-CRF model with FastText embeddings achieved an F1 score value of 57.40%, a precision value of 55.78%, and a recall value of 59.12%. These results indicate promising performance in outperforming other baseline techniques. This research contributes to the field of NER by addressing the unique challenges posed by unstructured Turkish text and opens avenues for improved entity recognition in informal language settings, with potential applications across various domains.
Towards privacy-aware exploration of archived personal emails
Authors: Bartliff Zoe , Kim Yunhyong , Hopfgartner Frank 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper examines how privacy measures, such as anonymisation and aggregation processes for email collections, can affect the perceived usefulness of email visualisations for research, especially in the humanities and social sciences. The work is intended to inform archivists and data managers who are faced with the challenge of accessioning and reviewing increasingly sizeable and complex personal digital collections. The research in this paper provides a focused user study to investigate the usefulness of data visualisation as a mediator between privacy-aware management of data and maximisation of research value of data. The research is carried out with researchers and archivists with vested interest in using, making sense of, and/or archiving the data to derive meaningful results. Participants tend to perceive email visualisations as useful, with an average rating of 4.281 (out of 7) for all the visualisations in the study, with above average ratings for mountain graphs and word trees. The study shows that while participants voice a strong desire for information identifying individuals in email data, they perceive visualisations as almost equally useful for their research and/or work when aggregation is employed in addition to anonymisation.
Solid–electrolyte interphase formation during Li metal deposition in LiN(SO2F)2-based solvate ionic liquids
Authors: Tatara Ryoichi , Ikeda Kohei , Ueno Kazuhide , Watanabe Masayoshi , Dokko Kaoru 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSolvate ionic liquids (SILs) are promising electrolytes for Li metal batteries. In this study, Li plating-stripping reactions in SILs were investigated using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SILs were prepared by mixing Li salt and glyme (triglyme or tetraglyme) in a 1:1 molar ratio. During the Li plating-stripping reaction, a reversible mass change was observed in LiN(SO2F)2 (LiFSA) based SILs. In contrast, a considerably higher mass change than the theoretical value calculated from the Faraday current was observed in the LiN(SO2CF3)2 (LiTFSA) based SILs, owing to the accumulation of decomposition products of electrolytes on the electrode surface. XPS depth profiling for the deposited Li suggested the formation of thin solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) in the LiFSA-based SILs while considerably thicker SEI was formed in the LiTFSA-based SILs. The SEI formed in LiFSA-based SILs effectively suppressed the decomposition of electrolytes. Thus, LiFSA-based SILs are favorable for achieving highly reversible charge–discharge of Li electrodes in Li metal batteries.
The role of laser and energy-assisted drug delivery in the treatment of alopecia
Authors: Balazic Eliza , Muskat Ahava , Kost Yana , Cohen Joel L. , Kobets Kseniya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
It has been recently established that laser treatment can be combined with topical or intralesional medications to enhance the delivery of drugs and improve overall results in a variety of different dermatological disorders. The aim of this review is to evaluate the use of laser and energy-assisted drug delivery (LEADD) for the treatment of alopecia with a specific focus on ablative fractional lasers (AFL), non-ablative fractional lasers (NAFL), and radiofrequency microneedling (RFMN). A comprehensive PubMed search was performed in December 2022 for “laser-assisted drug delivery” as well as “laser” and “alopecia.” The evidence regarding LEADD for alopecia treatment is limited to two specific alopecia subtypes: alopecia areata (AA) and androgenetic alopecia (AGA)/pattern hair loss (PHL). LEADD with minoxidil and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were evaluated for efficacy in both treatments of AA and AGA. LEADD with topical corticosteroids and intralesional methotrexate were studied for the treatment of AA, while LEADD with growth factors and stem cells were studied for the treatment of AGA. Multiple RCTs evaluated LEADD for topical corticosteroids with ablative fractional lasers for the treatment of AA. There is evidence in the literature that supports the use of topical minoxidil in combination with all devices for the treatment of AGA/PHL. All the reviewed studies show a positive treatment effect with LADD; however, some trials did not find LEADD to be superior to monotherapy or microneedling-assisted drug delivery. LEADD is a rapidly emerging treatment modality for the treatment of AGA and AA.
Immunogenicity after vaccination of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with cancer: a prospective, single center, observational study
Authors: Katsuya Yuki , Yoshida Tatsuya , Takashima Atsuo , Yonemori Kan , Ohba Akihiro , Yazaki Shu , Yagishita Shigehiro , Nakahama Hiroko , Kobayashi Osamu , Yanagida Masatoshi , Irino Yasuhiro , Hamada Akinobu , Yamamoto Noboru 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients with cancer, particularly those undergoing chemotherapy, are at risk from the low immunogenicity of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccines.

Methods
This prospective study assessed the seroconversion rate of COVID-19 vaccines among patients with cancer and hospital staff. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-specific IgG (S-IgG) concentrations were evaluated before the first vaccination, and 1–3 and 4–6 months after the second vaccination. The primary endpoint was the seroconversion rate measured 1–3 months after the second vaccine.

Results
In total, 590 patients and 183 healthy hospital staff were analyzed. At 1–3 months after the second vaccination, the S-IgG antibody concentration exceeded the cut-off value (20 BAU/mL) in 96.1% (567/590) of the patients with cancer and 100% (183/183) of the healthy controls (p = 0.0024). At 4–6 months after the second vaccination, the S-IgG antibody concentration exceeded the cut-off value (20 BAU/ml for S-IgG) in 93.1% (461/495) of the patients with cancer and 100% (170/170) of the healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Old age, being male, and low lymphocyte count were related to low SARS-CoV-2 S-IgG levels 1–3 months after the second vaccination among patients, while body mass index, smoking history, and serum albumin level were not. Patients undergoing platinum combination therapy and alkylating agent among cytotoxic drugs, and PARP inhibitor, mTOR inhibitor, and BCR-ABL inhibitor exhibited a low S-IgG antibody concentration compared to the no treatment group.

Conclusions
COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity was reduced among patients with cancer, especially under several treatment regimens.
Analysis of Uncertainty and Sensitivity in Tailings Dam Breach-Runout Numerical Modelling
Authors: Ghahramani Negar , Adria Daniel A. M. , Rana Nahyan M. , Llano-Serna Marcelo , McDougall Scott , Evans Stephen G. , Take W. Andy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTailings dam breaches (TDBs) and subsequent flows can pose significant risk to public safety, the environment, and the economy. Numerical runout models are used to simulate potential tailings flows and understand their downstream impacts. Due to the complex nature of the breach-runout processes, the mobility and downstream impacts of these types of failures are highly uncertain. We applied the first-order second-moment (FOSM) methodology to a database of 11 back-analyzed historical tailings flows to evaluate uncertainties in TDB runout modelling and conducted a sensitivity analysis to identify key factors contributing to the variability of the HEC-RAS model output, including at different locations along the runout path. The results indicate that prioritizing resources toward advancements in estimating the values of primary contributors to the sensitivity of the selected model outputs is necessary for more reliable model results. We found that the total released volume is among the top contributors to the sensitivity of modelled inundation area and maximum flow depth, while surface roughness is among the top contributors to the sensitivity of modelled maximum flow velocity and flow front arrival time. However, the primary contributors to the sensitivity of the model outputs varied depending on the case study; therefore, the selection of appropriate rheological models and consideration of site-specific conditions are crucial for accurate predictions. The study proposes and demonstrates the FOSM methodology as an approximate probabilistic approach to model-based tailings flow runout prediction, which can help improve the accuracy of risk assessments and emergency response plans.