bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The conservative management of choroidal melanoma
Authors: Billson Frank A. , Painter Geoffrey , Dunlop Iain , Thomas Ravi , Aylward G. William 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe results of 32 choroidal melanomas managed by observation, Iodine‐125 scleral plaques and local surgical excision are presented. Initially, 12 patients were managed by observation, and of these three continued to be managed by observation alone. Fifteen patients were managed with Iodine‐125 scleral plaques and followed for an average of 15 months. The tumour regressed in 11, remained the same in three, and recurred in one case. The final visual acuity remained within two Snellen lines of that recorded preoperatively in 10 patients.Fourteen patients underwent local excision with an average follow‐up of 31 months. These cases, in general, had larger tumours. The final visual acuity was within two Snellen lines of the pre‐operative vision in four patients. Five eyes required enucleation at a later date. Four of the five enucle‐ations occurred earlier in the series.The management of choroidal melanoma remains controversial. Various methods of conservative treatment are described and the indications for conservative management by observation, scleral plaque and local èxcision are discussed.
Surgery for pre‐macular fibrosis
Authors: Muralidhar N. S. , Playfair T. J. , Gregory‐Roberts J. C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe review 12 consecutive cases of pre‐macular fibrosis (PMF) treated by vitreous surgical techniques. The causes of PMF included retinal detachment surgery in four patients, idiopathic in three patients, laser treatment in three patients, pars planitis in one patient and diabetic retinopathy in one patient. The membrane was successfully removed in all the patients. One patient developed a retinal detachment that was repaired successfully. All patients had improved visual acuity (VA) of two Snellen lines or more and six patients achieved VA of 6/12 or better. Patients with PMF following retinal detachment had poorer final VA.
The use of spectacles in the treatment of congenital esotropia and amblyopia — a financial hazard
Authors: Bremner M. H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCongenital esotropia and amblyopia are treated during the ‘sensitive period’ of brain‐eye development. Not all children require spectacles for treatment of these conditions but when refractive errors are present, correct and properly fitting spectacles play an important part.This prospective survey shows that one‐third of the under three‐year‐old children wearing spectacles require surgery for esotropia, and that one‐third of all children under eight years of age wearing spectacles need amblyopia treatment.It is uninterrupted treatment in these age groups that produce results. Approximately 50% of children wearing spectacles in the four‐year‐old and under group need a second or third pair of spectacles within a 12‐month period. If these spectacles become unsuitable because of dense scratches, changed refraction or poor fit because of increasing P D, then the treatment is interrupted and the visual acuity is likely to regress.Many families cannot afford a second or third pair of spectacles within the 12‐month period and hospital benefit funds often will not help. The treatment is interrupted. This financial hazard must be overcome.
Subretinal fluid in the diagnosis of posterior scleritis
Authors: Tewari H. K. , Sihota R. , Azad R. V. , Gupta K. K. , Khosla P. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe etiology of subretinal mass lesions is very difficult to establish. A 28‐year‐old man presented to us with an area of choroiditis, which progressed, despite corticosteroid and antibiotic therapy, to an exudative retinal detachment, secondary glaucoma and a painful blind eye. To develop a means of identifying the cause of such lesions, we did a subretinal fluid tap prior to enucleation. Cytopathology showed only inflammatory cells and the final histopathological diagnosis was that of a granulomatous scleritis.
Treatment of pterygia in Queensland
Authors: Sebban Allan , Hirst Lawrence W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAll practising ophthalmologists in Queensland completed a written survey on their current methods of treatment of pterygia. The indications for surgical removal, in decreasing order of importance, were mainly size, symptomatic complaints, cosmetic appearance and activity. Most surgeons graded pterygia into a variety of classifications. The most common form of treatment for primary pterygia was simple excision plus mobilisation of conjunctiva and suturing conjunctival free edges together followed by bare sclera technique, and simple excision plus thiotepa drops. For recurrent pterygia simple excision plus beta‐irradiation was the most common form of treatment, followed by simple excision plus thiotepa drops and simple excision plus mobilisation of conjunctiva and suturing conjunctival free edges together. A third of the ophthalmologists electively avoid cautery use during pterygium surgery, while almost a quarter of the ophthalmologists attempt to polish the corneal and limbal region. When beta‐radiation or Thiotepa is used there is a general consensus on the dosage for each of these. Seventeen per cent of ophthalmologists said they had not encountered any complications after pterygium surgery with the remainder quoting corneoscleral necrosis from beta‐radiation and Tenon's granuloma as the most common complications. It would appear that there is no consensus on the best way to treat pterygia in Queensland, which probably reflects the lack of scientific proof for one method being superior to another.
Ocular surface and lacrimal disturbances in chronic graft‐versus‐host disease: the role of conjunctival biopsy
Authors: West Robert H. , Szer Jeffrey , Pedersen John S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractForty‐four patients (21 male, 23 female) were studied following bone marrow transplantation (BMT): 40 after allogeneic, one after syngeneic and three after autologous transplantation. Diffuse punctate conjunctival and corneal epitheliopathy was seen in 27 (61%), reduced or disordered tear film in 26 (59%), acquired lacrimal outflow obstruction in three (7%) and posterior subcapsular lens opacities in five (12%) patients. Conjunctival histology showed abnormal features, including those of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) in 41 patients. Of these, 28 (64%) had clinical and laboratory features of GVHD and six patients with no systemic evidence of GVHD had conjunctival histology specific for GVHD.We conclude that after BMT, subclinical changes of GVHD are very common in the periocular tissues and may be universal in long‐term survivors following allogeneic BMT. Some minor conjunctival changes are more likely to be due to the primary disease or the transplant conditioning regimen. Conjunctival biopsy is useful in demonstrating low‐grade GVHD or GVHD confined to the ocular structures and may be diagnostic in some cases.
Prediction of response to treatment in patients with scleritis using a standardised scoring system
Authors: McCluskey Peter , Wakefield Denis 
Published: November 2007

AbstractScleritis is a severe chronic inflammation of the eye wall. High‐dose corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs are often required to control the inflammatory process. With the development of new and potentially more effective treatment modalities for scleritis has emerged the need for an accurate and reproducible system for quantifying the severity of scleritis and evaluating the response of individual patients to treatment.We have developed a quantitative scoring system, based on common clinical signs of scleritis, and evaluated it in 24 patients with scleritis. Our results indicate that this system is simple, rapid, reproducible and useful in grading the severity of scleritis and in predicting the response of patients to systemic immunosuppressive therapy.
Vitelliform dystrophy: long‐term observations on New Zealand pedigrees
Authors: Clemett Richard 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLong‐term observations on 29 patients from four pedigrees with vitelliform dystrophy (Best's disease) are described. The majority of patients were examined at yearly intervals and had a mean follow‐up of 7.4 years. For analysis, eyes were staged according to Mohler and Fine's classification. Although vitelliform dystrophy exhibited considerable polymorphism in the study group 'recognisable stages', such as egg‐yolk cysts, scrambled cysts or pseudohypopyon, were present in 48% of eyes at the initial examination. Egg‐yolk cysts and pseudohypopyons were found to be the most evanescent of stages lasting on average 2.0 and 2.4 years respectively. Evolution of lesions did not necessarily follow a regular progression through the later stages of the vitelliform classification. Several unusual features such as recurrent pseudohypopyon, apparent regeneration of retinal pigment epithelium, exudative retinal detachments and development of stellate pigment figures were observed during the study. The majority of patients retained 6/12 or better visual acuity until the fourth decade when vision deteriorated. Correlations between changes in visual acuity and staging of the fundal lesions were made. Similarities between the group of patients reported, and a comparative group from overseas1 have been discussed.
Congenital rubella infection from reinfection of previously immunised mothers
Authors: Keith C. Gregory 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo children developed congenital rubella infection when their mothers had been proven to be satisfactorily immunised against rubella before the affected pregnancy. One child was severely affected with heart lesions, brain damage, severe deafness, physical retardation, cataracts and rubella retinopathy. The other child had moderately severe sensorineural deafness and a mild reduction in visual acuity due to rubella retinopathy.
A case of progressive hemifacial atrophy with uveitis and retinal vasculitis
Authors: Ong Keith , Billson F. A. , Pathirana D. S. J. , Clifton‐Bligh P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractParry Romberg syndrome is a rare disorder characterised by progressive hemifacial atrophy that is usually unilateral, involving the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and subsequently the muscle, cartilage and bone. Previous cases with various ocular manifestations have been reported. A case of Parry Romberg syndrome with retinal vasculitis is reported.
The expression of adhesion molecules in the human retina and choroid
Authors: Duguid I. G. M. , Boyd A. W. , Mandel T. E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study examines the expression of some selected adhesion molecules likely to be important in the migration of leucocytes across the blood‐retinal and blood‐aqueous barriers in samples of normal human retina and choroid by immunoperoxidase staining. ICAM‐1, LFA‐3 and ELAM‐1 were expressed on retinal endothelium and ICAM‐1, ELAM‐1 and CD44 in the region of the external limiting membrane. VLA‐2 was found around the retinal ganglion cells and in the inner and outer fibre layers and is likely to be important in maintaining the structural integrity of the retina. The endothelium on the choriocapillaris showed moderate staining of ICAM‐1, and slight staining of LFA‐3 and ELAM‐1. These molecules may have an important functional role in the pathogenesis of many immunological ocular conditions, including uveoretinitis and cornea! allograft rejection.
Moving muscles with microchips, mathematics and models: an update on the ‘reverse’ model
Authors: Stark Denis , Kault David , Horsburgh Bradley 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper reviews the current status of our computer model for the management of strabismus and its future direction. Vector analysis was first used in the 1950s for the assessment of strabismus. Robinson's model' was the first computer simulation of ocular motility. Using physiological principles and anatomical approximations, Robinson's model sought to predict the strabismic pattern to be expected from a given injury. The Kault/Stark 'reverse' model works in the opposite direction, to first simulate the given strabismic pattern and then advise the surgery required to restore orthophoria. The surgeon is able to 'trial' various operations and compare the expected postoperative results. An automated system is currently being developed to ease the difficulty in measuring the position of the eyes in all nine positions of gaze. This paper includes three illustrative case reports.
Submandibular gland transfer in the correction of dry eye
Authors: MacLeod A M , Robbins S P 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFollowing rabbit experiments which showed that microvascular submandibular gland transfer could ameliorate the deleterious effects of lacrimal gland ablation, a clinical transfer of the submandibular salivary gland to the temple region was performed. The beneficial results from this initial operation have led to the procedure being used in a total of eight patients with 12 transfers. The procedure has led to increased moisture in the eye and decreased symptoms but the assessment of change in corneal function and pathology is difficult.
Management of congenital dacryocystocoele
Authors: Sullivan Timothy J , Clarke Michael P , Morin J Donald , Pashby Robert C 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCongenital dacryocystocoele occurs when the nasolacrimal drainage apparatus in the newborn has concommitant blocks at the level of the junction of the common canaliculus with the lacrimal sac and at the distal end of the nasolacrimal duct. This results in a typical pink or blue swelling in the region of the medial canthus. Spontaneous resolution is common, although dacryocystitis may supervene. Treatment should be conservative unless dacryocystitis occurs, or intranasal extension coexists. A series of seven consecutive cases is presented and a management plan for the neonate with congenital dacryocystocoele is proposed.
The surgical management of congenital lacrimal fistulae
Authors: Sullivan Timothy J , Clarke Michael P , Morin J Donald , Pashby Robert C 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCongenital lacrimal fistulae are developmental anomalies of the lacrimal apparatus that are usually symptomatic, frequently causing epiphora and occasionally causing fistulitis or dacryocystitis. They may be associated with other abnormalities of the lacrimal system or with systemic anomalies. Complete excision alone, or in combination with nasolacrimal intubation and/or dacryocystorhinostomy is recommended for treatment.
A retinitis pigmentosa register for Western Australia
Authors: Chelva E , McLaren T L , Kay SMS , Collins D W K , Black J L , Candy D R 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the main elements of the Western Australian retinitis pigmentosa register including details of the data stored on the register, aspects of the coding systems used and some description of the tests employed in diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa. The register is family based and contains data on affected individuals and on their unaffected relatives. As at November 1991, the register contained data for 391 individuals from 207 separate families. Of the 391 individuals, 240 had definite or probable retinitis pigmentosa and 26 were possibly affected. The remainder were unaffected family members. In many cases, both affected and unaffected family members are being studied serially and the register is designed to store and easily retrieve serial data to allow study of disease progression for individuals and within families.
The objective assessment of abnormal eye movements in infants and young children
Authors: Jacobs Mark , Harris Christopher , Shawkat Fatima , Taylor David 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRecordings of eye movements from infants and young children can be of clinical value in patients with certain neuro‐ophthalmological problems. This requires that the characteristics of normal eye movements in this same age‐group are known. Using an electro‐oculographic technique in a specially developed laboratory we have been able to assess the saccades, binocular and monocular smooth pursuit, binocular and monocular optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), and sustained vestibular rotation in infants and young children; these recordings were performed in one session lasting approximately 35 minutes. The recordings from four children with abnormal eye movements (delayed visual maturation, hemicerebral cyst, congenital ocular motor apraxia, and gaze‐paretic nystagmus) are briefly reported and compared to normal eye movements of age‐related children. The limitations of this procedure are discussed.
The aetiology of ocular toxoplasmosis in Melbourne
Authors: Hall Anthony JH , Renehan Mark J. , Harper C Alex 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe biological mothers of 23 patients presenting with acute chorioretinal toxoplasmosis had sera screened for the presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. Twenty‐two of the mothers (96%) had positive serology and one (4%) had negative serology. This is consistent with the hypothesis that most cases of ocular toxoplasmosis are congenital in origin, but indicates that some cases are due to acquired toxoplasmosis.
Screening for congenital colour vision defects
Authors: Littlewood R , Hyde F 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA prospective comparison between the Ohkuma1 and Ishihara2 pseudoisochromatic (PIC) plates was carried out in a group of 400 patients attending a general ophthalmology practice. The sensitivity of the Ohkuma test was compared to the Ishihara test, and the specificity of both was determined by reference to anomaloscopy as a gold standard.Both tests correctly identified the same group of 24 patients as having a red/green confusion axis, and the Ohkuma test was equally as sensitive as the Ishihara. The grading plates in both tests are unreliable, but the Ohkuma test is quicker, easier to administer, gives less ambiguous responses and has a clearer cut‐off score for abnormality. On the basis of this experience the Ohkuma test is recommended as more appropriate for routine colour vision screening than either the 24 or 38 plate Ishihara tests.
Radiation hazards during cobalt 60 plaque therapy for choroidal melanoma
Authors: Jefferies Peter , Clemett Richard S. , Turner John R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPompted by the concerns of the staff and patients, radiation hazards from Cobalt 60 (Co 60) plaque therapy for choroidal melanoma were recently assessed when two patients were concurrently treated at Christchurch Hospital. The risks from radiation to the attending medical staff, nursing personnel from the operating theatre and ward, and the patients' visitors were investigated.The radiation dose for all staff and visitors involved with the two patients was found to be well below the recommended weekly limits set by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Our department code of practice to minimise radiation hazard during plaque therapy has been revised.
Demographic characteristics of ophthalmic outpatients at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital
Authors: Guest Charles S. , Lee Sharon E. , Ferguson Malcolm P. , Urquhart Nicole L. , Taylor Hugh R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTo investigate demographic aspects of the access to services at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (RVEEH), routine registration records on outpatients were linked to the population of state health regions, the distribution of ophthalmologists and projected population growth. In the six‐month period September 1990 to March 1991, 19 339 persons came to the hospital (Emergency Department or Outpatients) at least once with an eye problem. Most (93%) lived in the Melbourne metropolitan area. The largest group (40%) came from Health Region 6, the Western Metropolitan region, which also has the lowest density of ophthalmologists in Victoria (1.6 per 100 000 total population, excluding ophthalmologists in the central business district of Melbourne).In the sample, 7243 patients (37%) were aged 65 years or older. Of these older patients, 75% had multiple visits to the hospital for a given illness, compared with 30% in younger patients (P<0.01).By application of projected age‐group growth rates in the Victorian population to the current profile of RVEEH outpatients, we forecast a 32% increase in the number of outpatients attending the hospital over the 15 years to 2006,10% more than the projected population growth of 22% over this period.
Retractor plication for lower lid entropion in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid
Authors: Rosser Paul M. , Collin JRO 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe surgical treatment of lower lid entropion in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid has previously met with limited success and conventional techniques have in some cases caused disease progression. We have treated lower lid entropion in this condition with retractor plication, avoiding surgery to the conjunctiva in five patients (seven eyelids) over the past five years with successful correction of the condition and symptomatic improvement in all patients. It has not led to an acute exacerbation of the condition in any patient and we recommend it as the procedure of choice in the surgical management of entropion in this disorder.
Carrier detection in X‐linked retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Gurvitz A , Leigh DA , Halliday FB , Lai LYC , McDonald BL 
Published: November 2007

AbstractX‐linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) is manifested in affected males in their first decade and results in blindness by the third or fourth decade. Carrier detection is difficult since most carrier females show no or only equivocal signs well into or beyond their reproductive years. The genes, or the mutations causing RP have not been identified but at least two have been localised to the short arm of the X chromosome provisionally named RP2 and RP3. Identifying inheritance of one or other of these genes must be done by linkage in families using close, informative DNA markers. Here we report the localisation of a highly informative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detectable microsatellite marker DXS538 using a previously studied family with X‐linked RP3 in which recombination had occurred in the region of importance. The DXS538 dinucleotide repeat locus was previously localised to Xp21.1‐p11.21 to study RP3 in one XLRP family. Using published RFLP data we narrowed the localisation of DXS538 to the region Xp21.1 ‐ p11.23. Thus DXS538 is now a convenient diagnostic tool, aiding carrier detection of XLRP in females, as shown in the family presented here.
Retinopathy of prematurity in infants less than 29 weeks' gestation at birth
Authors: Todd David A , Kennedy John , Roberts Sharyn , Watts Jane , Psaila Kim , John Elizabeth 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFrom January 1986 to December 1991 we examined the eyes of 206 infants born at Westmead Hospital, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit who were less than 29 weeks' gestation at birth to determine the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity. Eighty‐five infants (41.3%) had no retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in either eye, 82 infants had stages 1 or 2 ROP (39.8%), 29 had stage 3 ROP (14.1%) and 11 had stage 4 ROP (5.3%). Of these, cryotherapy was performed in 18; six now have bilateral retinal detachment and are blindThe more severe stages of ROP were significantly associated with an increase in the number of days of oxygen supplementation, an increase in the number of days of mechanical ventilation and the presence of patent ductus arteriosus. Infants receiving steroids for mechanical ventilator dependence had a significantly greater chance of requiring cryotherapy (11 or 22 receiving steroids versus seven of 43 without steroids; P < 0.01).