bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the lipid metabolism of dog kidney medulla and cortex
Authors: Gold Martin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractUnanesthetized, resting dogs were infused through a leg vein for approximately 90 min with 1‐14C‐palmitate and oleate‐9,10‐H3 complexed to albumin. The animals were then anaesthetized, exsanguinated, and the kidneys removed. Lipids were extracted from the medullae and cortices with chloroform‐methanol (2∶1) and the lipid classes were analyzed for radioactivity content and fatty acid composition. Triglyceride subclass species were determined by silver nitrate thin layer chromatography. The triglyceride content of the medulla was much higher than that of the cortex while the phospholipid level was slightly higher in the cortex. The fatty acid composition of triglyceride and phospholipid was not demonstrably different, in the medulla, or cortex. The amount of monounsaturated triglyceride species (001) was lower and the tetra‐ (022) and more unsaturated species were higher in the cortex than in the medulla. Most of the radioactivity was found in the phospholipid fraction and a large portion of the remainder was in triglyceride. Cortical phospholipids contained 80% of the radioactivity versus a value around 60% in the medulla, whereas triglyceride, in the medulla, was approximately 26% compared to the cortical content of 15%. The results, with respect to the per cent distribution of radioactivity, were similar for radiocarbon and tritium. The cortex possessed a higher specific activity, for oleate and palmitate in both triglyceride and phospholipid. The total kidney retained 0.25% of the infused palmitate and 0.08% of the infused oleate.
Changes in the structure of soybean triglycerides during maturation
Authors: Roehm J. N. , Privett O. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSoybeans of the Hawkeye variety were picked at eleven periods from 30 to 111 days after flowering and extracted with chloroform‐methanol. The triglyceride fraction of five pickings, selected 35 to 91 days after flowering (when synthesis of lipid was most active), were isolated by silicic acid thin layer chromatography (TLC) and species composition determined using argentation TLC and lipase hydrolysis. The triglyceride content of the total lipid increased from 6.5% at 30 days after flowering to 85% in the mature bean (111 days). The major changes in fatty acid composition of the triglycerides occurred during the first 52 days after flowering. During this period linolenic acid decreased from 34.2% to 11.7%, the percentages of linoleic and oleic acids increased, stearic remained fairly constant and palmitic decreased slightly. Large quantitative changes occurred in the molecular species of the triglycerides of the bean during maturation; some triglycerides containing linolenic acid could not be detected approximately 66 days after flowering. Although changes occurred in the percentage and amount of each triglyceride species, the positional distribution of fatty acids remained virtually unchanged throughout maturation. Linolenic acid was distributed fairly uniformly between the β‐position and the α‐positions, linoleate favored esterification in the β‐position, and oleate the α‐positions. Most of the stearic and palmitic acids were esterified in the α‐positions. The consistency of the positional arrangement of the fatty acids indicated that the mode of glyceride synthesis was established very early during maturation and molecular species composition was controlled by the fatty acids available for synthesis.
Fatty acid composition of tissue lipids from miniature swine: Influence of dietary sucrose and starch
Authors: St. Clair Richard W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of serum, liver and adipose tissue from Pitman‐Moore miniature swine was determined following their consumption of starch‐ or sucrose‐containing diets for a period of one year. Among the tissues studied there were no significant differences in the fatty acid composition due to the type of dietary carbohydrate (starch or sucrose). The cholesteryl ester fatty acid composition of all samples studied remained quite constant. There were minor fluctuations in fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triglycerides from serum collected at diferent intervals following initiation of the diets.
Release of chylomicrons by isolated cells of rat intestinal mucosa
Authors: Yousef I. M. , Kuksis A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFat‐laden mucosal cells were isolated by flotation from fed male rats after digesting scrapings of washed jejunum with collagenase in bicarbonate buffer. About 50–60 million cells were obtained per preparation, which were 95–100% viable as assessed by Trypan Blue. The isolated cells were capable of effective incorporation of labeled fatty acids and glucose into triglycerides and phospholipids, and of labeled leucine and glucosamine into the protein envelope of the released chylomicrons. The secretion of the labeled protein paralleled the release of the labeled fat, both of which were linear with the concentration of the albumin in the incubation mixture. About 80% of the total fat of the cell was released as chylomicrons within 30 min when incubated in the presence of albumin‐bicarbonate buffer. Injection of puromycin 24 hr prior to harvesting of cells led to a complete inhibition of chylomicron release. Addition of puromycin to the incubation medium gave 50–80% inhibition of release. No inhibition of release of chylomicrons resulted from a treatment with ethionine. The released chylomicrons were separated from the cells by Millipore filtration.
The abundance ofcis‐5‐octadecenoic acid inDioscoreophyllum cumminsii seed oil
Authors: Spencer G. F. , Earle F. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOil fromDioscoreophyllum cumminsii (Stapf) Diels containscis‐5‐octadecenoic acid as 84% of its total fatty acids. The unsaturated acids normally found in seed oils are present in small amounts (oleic, 1%, linoleic 5.2%; and linolenic, 0.3%). Other unusual acids present, in minor amounts, arecis‐5‐hexadecenoic (0.6%), 11‐octadecenoic (0.9%) and two polyenoic acids which are probably unsaturated at the 5 position.
Cholesterol metabolism in the baboon
Authors: Shapiro Irwin L. , Jastremsky Judith A. , Eggen Douglas A. , Kritchevsky David 
Published: November 2006

AbstractStudies on the transport of exogenous and endogenous cholesterol in the baboon have been carried out using14C‐acetate,14C‐mevalonic acid, or3H‐cholesterol. The results suggest the following characteristics of cholesterol metabolism in the baboon: the serum α‐ and β‐lipoproteins show no preference in the transport of exogenous or endogenous cholesterol; the half‐life (t1/2) of disappearance of cholesterol from the whole animal varied between 31 and 50 days; the daily rate of whole body cholesterol biosynthesis in the baboon (47 mg/kg/day) is comparable with that rate observed in the human being (18–41 mg/kg/day); after administration of14C‐acetate,14C‐mevalonic acid, or3H‐cholesterol to baboons, newly synthesized cholesterol esters appear to be incorporated to a greater extent into the serum α‐lipoproteins.
Studies on the specificity of a lipase system fromGeotrichum candidum
Authors: Marks T. A. , Quinn J. G. , Sampugna J. , Jensen R. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe lipase system fromGeotrichum candidum preferentially hydrolyzed oleic acid, regardless of position, from the four possible racemic triglycerides containing oleate and palmitate. The rate of hydrolysis of these glycerides was most rapid when the substrate contained two moles of oleate. This acid was also preferentially released from a series of triglycerides containing oleate and two moles of a saturated fatty acid. The chain length of the latter did not alter the specificity for oleate.Equimolar quantities of oleic and linoleic acids were released when triolein and trilinolein (equimolar mixture) were hydrolyzed by this lipase. No differentiation between oleate and palmitoleate was observed when racemic glyceryl 1‐palmitoleate‐2,3‐dioleate was the substrate. However, only 7.2 M%cis‐vaccenic acid was released from glyceryl 1‐cis‐vaccenate‐2,3‐dioleate and 5.4 M% petroselinic acid from glyceryl 1‐palmitoleate‐2,3‐dipetroselinate. It therefore appears that the enzyme may be specific forcis‐9‐unsaturation as well as forcis‐9,cis‐12‐unsaturation. When specificity was assumed, the fatty acid compositions of the diglycerides obtained from digestions withG. candidum were close to theoretical.
A study on the biosynthesis ofcis‐9,10‐epoxyoctadecanoic acid
Authors: Knoche H. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPreliminary studies show that red stem, rust‐infected wheat plants provide a means for investigating the biosynthesis of epoxy fatty acids. The incorporation of 1‐14C‐acetate intocis‐9,10‐epoxyoctadecanoic acid occurs at the stage of the infection when sporulation is proceeding, and at the same stage there is at least a fourfold increase in the synthesis of other fatty acids. The epoxy acid appears to be formed by the condensation of acetate units in a process that requires oxygen and is not stimulated appreciably by light.Labeled stearic and oleic acid are also incorporated into the epoxy acid without undergoing β‐oxidation. The rate of conversion of oleic acid is greater than stearic acid, thus indicating that oleic acid is an immediate precursor to 9,10‐epoxyoctadecanoic acid.
Triglyceride analysis by consecutive liquid‐liquid partition and gas‐liquid chromatography.Ephedra nevadensis seed fat
Authors: Litchfield Carter 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe triglyceride composition ofEphedra nevadensis seed fat, which contains 16 different fatty acids, has been analyzed by a combination of liquid‐liquid partition and gas‐liquid chromatography. Triglycerides were first separated by liquid‐liquid partition chromatography. The recovered fractions were then analyzed by gas‐liquid chromatography to determine the molecular weights of the triglycerides present. Consecutive separation by these two techniques resolved this complex seed fat into 30 different triglyceride groups.A method for preparative liquid‐liquid partition chromatography of triglycerides is described in detail. Highly unsaturated triglyceride mixtures are easily resolved on the basis of “partition number” by using a hexadecane/nitroethane partition system.
Melting points of synthetic wax esters
Authors: Iyengar B. T. R. , Schlenk H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSaturated, monoenoic and dienoic wax esters, C26−C40, have been synthesized from even‐numbered fatty alcohols and acids. In homologous series of saturated esters, the increments of melting points follow a regular trend except for those esters which have an acid moiety two carbon atoms shorter than the alcohol moiety. These wax esters have melting points higher than interpolation would predict. Monoenoic wax esters with the double bond in the alcohol chain have melting points about 10 C higher than their isomers with the double bond in the acid chain.
Hydrogenation of stigmasterol
Authors: Kircher Henry W. , Rosenstein Fumiko U. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHydrogenations of stigmasterol over 5% Pd/C, 5% Ru/C, Pt, Raney Ni, Raney Co, Ni/kieselguhr, and tris(triphenylphosphine)chlororhodium catalysts and with diimide generated from hydrazine andp‐toluenesulfonylhydrazide were studied to determine the best conditons for the selective reduction of the Δ22 double bond. The best results (maximum stigmasterol reduction, minimum stigmastanol formation) were obtained with Raney nickel at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
Activation of long chain fatty acids by subcellular fractions of rat liver: III. Effect of ethylenic bond position on acyl‐CoA formation ofcis‐octadecenoates
Authors: Lippel K. , Carpenter D. , Gunstone F. D. , Ismail I. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe rates of rat liver microsomal and mitochondrial activation of the Δ4 to Δ17cis‐octadecenoate positional isomers have been investigated. The fatty acid to protein ratios required for maximum activation of the Δ8, Δ9 and Δ10 isomers were much lower than the corresponding ratios required for maximum activation of thecis‐octadecenoates with double bonds at either end of the fatty acid molecule. Also, as the incubation temperature was raised from 22–38 C the Δ8 and Δ9 isomers exhibited little change in their rates of activation, while large increases in activation rates of the isomers with the double bond at either end of the fatty acid chain were observed. Differential inhibition of the activation of the various positional isomers was observed when anionic, cationic, or nonionic detergents were included in the incubation medium. The different responses to fatty acid concentration, temperature and detergents are attributed to enzyme specificity and to differences in solution properties of thecis‐octadecenoates, rather than to the presence of separate rat liver enzymes that catalyze acyl‐CoA ester formation of the various positional isomers.
Lipids of cultured hepatoma cells: I. Effect of serum lipid levels on cell and media lipids
Authors: Wood Randall 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMinimal deviation hepatoma cells were cultured as monolayers to confluency in roller flasks containing modified Swim's medium, supplemented with decreasing amounts of serum, lipid‐free serum, and lipid‐free serum containing added fatty acids. Good cell growth was observed until serum levels fell below 5% of the medium. Media containing lipid‐free serum or lipid‐free serum plus linoleic or palmitic acids did not support good growth. Lipids were extracted from cells; media, obtained during the first and last half of the incubation period, resolved into neutral and phospholipid fractions; fatty acid composition of each fraction analyzed by gas liquid chromatography; and lipid class distributions compared by thin layer chromatography. The data showed that the media contained more neutral lipids and phospholipids after incubation than initially, indicating that minimal deviation hepatoma cells excreted lipids into the media. The class composition of the excreted lipids resembled that of the serum. A comparison of media, cells, and serum fatty acid compositions indicated that the lipids secreted into the media were of cellular origin. Although some differences were noted, in general, cells grown on the nine different media had the same ca. neutral lipid and phospholipid class and fatty acid compositions. In contrast, dramatic differences were observed in the class and fatty acid compositions of the serums from that of the cells and media. These results indicate that exogenous serum lipids had little influence on cellular class and fatty acid compositions of the minimal deviation hepatoma cells. This neoplasm did not contain detectable levels of glyceryl ether diesters, indicating that this compound is not characteristic of all tumors. Lipid class profiles and fatty acid compositions of cells grown on various media suggest that the minimal deviation hepatoma cells can synthesize most, if not all, neutral lipid and phosphoglyceride classes found in liver.
Lipids of cultured hepatoma cells: II. Effect of media lipids on cellular phospholipids
Authors: Wood Randall , Falch John 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMinimal deviation hepatoma cells were cultured in a modified Swim's 77 medium supplemented with decreasing amounts of serum, lipid‐free serum, and lipid‐free serum containing added palmitic or linoleic acids. Cellular phospholipids were extracted and the class distribution determined quantitatively. The fatty acid composition of each phospholipid class was determined, and the percentages from cells grown on each of the various media were compared. Cellular phospholipid class and fatty acid compositions differed from media compositions, indicating that intact serum phospholipids are not incorporated into cellular structures. Phosphatidylcholine percentages decreased as the media serum and lipid levels decreased, while phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine percentages increased. Sphingomyelin of cells grown in medium containing added linoleic acids contained a high level of a 24∶2 acid. All classes, except sphingomyelin, contained elevated levels of 18∶1 acid and decreased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, relative to normal rat liver. Cells cultured on lipid‐free medium did not contain increased concentrations of 20∶3 acid, suggesting that this hepatoma cell cannot desaturate monoenoic acids. Phosphoglycerides of cells, grown on lipid‐free medium, had the highest monoene fatty acid concentration, whereas those cells grown on media containing added linoleic acid had the lowest concentrations, suggesting that linoleate may inhibit or regulate monoenoic acid biosynthesis in this cell. These mass data also demonstrate that monoenoic fatty acid biosynthesis in this cultured hepatoma cell responds to dietary changes.
A new reaction of unsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxides: Formation of 11‐hydroxy‐12,13‐epoxy‐9‐octadecenoic acid from 13‐hydroperoxy‐9,11‐octadecadienoic acid
Authors: Hamberg Mats , Gotthammar Birgitta 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOne of the main compounds formed from 13L‐hydroperoxy‐9cis,11trans‐octadecadienoic acid anaerobically at 100 C in aqueous ethanol was found to bethreo‐11‐hydroxy‐12,13‐epoxy‐9‐octadecenoic acid. The major part (ca. 90%) of this compound was formed from the fatty acid hydroperoxide in a reaction involvingcis‐addition to the Δ11 double bond of the proximally linked hydroperoxide oxygen and hydroxyl ion or hydroxyl radical from the solvent. A small part (ca. 10%) was formed bycis‐addition of the two hydroperoxide oxygens to the Δ11 double bond. 11‐Hydroxy‐12,13‐epoxy‐9‐octadecenoic acid and its isomer, tentatively identified as 11‐hydroxy‐9,10‐epoxy‐12‐octadecenoic acid, also were isolated from a sample of autoxidized linoleic acid.
Fungi pathogenic to insects: III. Neutral and polar lipids ofEntomophthora coronata
Authors: Mumma R. O. , Bruszewski T. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe neutral and polar lipid composition ofEntomophthora coronata was determined qualitatively. The fungus was grown on a chemically nondefined medium (Sabouraud dextrose yeast extract) and a chemically defined medium for a period up to 26 days. The lipids were characterized by thin‐layer, column, gas chromatography, and selective sprays,32P‐labeling, and mass spectrometry. The neutral lipids consist of monoglycerides, diglycerides, cholesterol, free fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesteryl esters. The polar lipids consist of phospholipids (phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, lysophosphatidyl choline, and spingomyelin), a number of glycolipids including cerebrosides, and many unrecognizable lipids, most of which are present in trace amounts. The cerebrosides and spingomyelin are present in significant amounts, and their concentration increased with age of the culture. The major fatty acids (>10%) of the total, neutral, and polar lipids of the mycelia are 14∶0, 16∶0, 18∶1, 18∶3(γ), and 24∶1. The polar lipids of total culture (unsaturation index 0.88) and of the conidia (unsaturation index 1.48) are considerably more unsaturated than the corresponding neutral lipids (unsaturated index 0.50 and 0.49). The mycelial polar lipids, compared to the neutral lipids, possess less 14∶0 and 18∶1 but contain a greater percentage of 16∶0, 18∶2, 18∶3(γ), 24∶0, and 24∶1. The major fatty acid of the conidia (>10%) are 13∶0, 14∶0, 18∶1, 18∶2, 18∶3(γ), and 20∶4. Their polar lipids have a higher proportion of 18∶2, 18∶3(γ), and 20∶4. The cerebrosides possess 24.1 in high relative proportion (30.1%).
Search for new industrial oils. XIV. Seed oils of labiatae
Authors: Hagemann J. M. , Earle F. R. , Wolff I. A. , Barclay A. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSeed of 194 species in 56 genera of Labiatae, representing six of the eight subfamilies, were analyzed for oil and protein and for fatty acid composition of the oil. The oils are diverse and include some that contain up to 70% oleic acid, 79% linoleic acid, or 72% linolenic acid. An allenic function occurs in a third of the samples from the subfamily Stachyoideae and in the one sample analyzed from the Prasioideae. A method for determining the allene was devised. Oils fromTeucrium species containtrans unsaturation in unidentified components. Oils from twoLamium species have both allenic andtrans unsaturation. Two species ofThymus appear to produce hydroxy acids.
The metabolism of C14‐α‐tocopheryl quinone and C14‐α‐tocopheryl hydroquinone
Authors: Chow C. K. , Draper H. H. , Csallany A. S. , Chiu Mei 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe metabolism of C14‐d‐α‐tocopheryl quinone (α‐TQ) and its hydroquinone (αTHQ) was investigated. Forty‐six hours after intraperitoneal administration of either compound to rats the radioactivity isolated from the liver was present almost exclusively in C14‐α‐TQ. The results indicated, however, that in situ this compound was present primarily in the reduced form. No conversion to C14‐α‐tocopherol or other liver metabolites was observed. α‐THQ was eliminated from the tissues more rapidly than α‐TQ. The main metabolite excreted in the urine was a conjugate of α‐tocopheronic acid and the main metabolite excreted in the feces was a conjugate of α‐TQ. Free C14‐α‐TQ was present in the feces after administration of this compound but not after C14‐α‐THQ administration.
In vitro biosynthesis of fatty acids inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Keith Alec D. , Gauslaa Gerd , Anderson Beverly S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA new in vitro technique, utilizing ruptured larvae ofDrosophila melanogaster, was employed to study the incorporation of3H‐acetate into long‐chain fatty acids. Preparative gas‐liquid chromatography and scintillation spectroscopy were used to determine the relative activity of each fatty acid from total lipid extracts. Quantitative changes were observed in the distribution of label during the course of the incubation times, which ranged from five minutes to nine hours. All fatty acids which were observed to incorporate acetate in previous in vivo studies also showed incorporation of label under these in vitro conditions. It is concluded that this system may be useful for studying aspects on insect metabolism for short intervals of time.
Changes in lipid composition of germinating barley embryo
Authors: Holmer Gunhild , Ory Robert L. , Høy Carl‐Erik 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBarley seeds,Hordeum vulgare, var. Kenia, were dissected before and after 5 days of germination, to distinguish between the scutellum, the coleoptile half of the embryo and the coleorhiza half of the embryo. Total lipids were extracted from each fraction and analyzed by thin layer chromatography and gas liquid chromatography. In tissues from the coleoptile and coleorhiza halves of the embryo there was a concurrent disappearance of triglycerides with a marked increase of esterified sterols and esterified sterol glucosides. In the scutellum there was also a change in triglycerides, but the variations in contents of esterified sterols and esterified sterol glucosides were much smaller. Mono‐ and digalactolipids were virtually absent from embryonic tissue. The amounts of linoleic and linolenic acids in esterified sterol glucosides were increased after 5 days of germination in all the embryonic tissues, especially in the coleoptile half. In sterol esters, linoleic acid comprised nearly half of the total fatty acids, and the desaturation after 5 days of germination was much less pronounced.