bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to perform research studies from the perspective of medical students of Khyber Medical College, Peshawar
Authors: Rehman Muhammad Zohaib , Yahya Abdullah , Shehryar Malik , Imran Junaid 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The pursuit of medical research is a cornerstone of scientific progress and contributes to the development of healthcare systems. Despite the well-known benefits of involving medical students in research, barriers and challenges often hinder their active participation.
Objective:This study investigates the barriers hindering medical students at Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, in their pursuit of research opportunities, to facilitate a more research-oriented environment that enhances their scholarly output and contributes to the broader field of healthcare.
Methods and Materials:
Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 30th May to 30th August involving 264 3rd- to 5th-year MBBS medical students (participants) currently enrolled in Khyber Medical College, Peshawar (Setting). Intervention: The data were collected through a self-administered, validated questionnaire. SPSS version 27.0 was used for analyzing the data. One sample t-tests and ANOVAswere used to assess associations between variables. A P value <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. The primary outcome measure was the mean score of barriers from the Likert scale used in the questionnaire. A comparison of different categories of barriers was also performed as a part of a secondary outcome measure.
Results:
The study revealed that medical students at Khyber Medical College encounter significant barriers to research, with an overall mean score of 3.9110 ± 0. 4645. The most significant barriers were the failure to allocate sufficient funds (4.37±0.764) and the absence of a research-oriented culture in society (4.34± 0.794). Conversely, the least prominent barriers were a lack of proficiency in English (3.09±1.248) and inadequate facilities (3.38± 1.357).
Conclusion:
This study sheds light on the challenges faced by medical students in pursuing research at Khyber Medical College, Peshawar. Addressing these barriers is essential for enhancing the research culture, educational excellence, and healthcare outcomes.
MINDSCOPE: Machine-learning Inferencing of NeuroData for Seamless Cognitive Overload Prediction and Evaluation
Authors: Katinni Rahul , R Sreeja S , Bablani Annushree 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Passive brain-computer interfaces (P-BCIs) offer the ability to dynamically adapt system interactions by inferring users’ cognitive states, such as levels of mental workload, from neural data. The P-BCI devices have many applications from analyzing and designing educational materials to monitoring the mental health of professionals operating airplanes, nuclear power plants, and airline traffic dispatchers. Electroencephalography (EEG) is the most suitable P-BCI device that can easily find applications in daily life due to its cost efficiency and device setup simplicity as compared to other devices like Functional near- infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) or Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) that are either costly or are bulky equipment that cannot be used in real life scenarios. The goal of this work is to classify the cognitive load of the user using his/her EEG output using machine learning (ML) techniques, following the MINDSCOPE (Machine Learning Inferencing of NeuroData for Seamless Cognitive Overload Prediction and Evaluation) methodology. The data acquisition was done by recording the EEG signal of the users performing n-back tasks of two different load intensities (rest and 2-back). This study accurately classified user cognitive load as high or low, allowing for comparison of several ML models and their performance in cognitive load discrimination. Feature subset analysis identified the combina- tion with the highest classification accuracy, shedding light on effective feature characterization for cognitive load assessment. Depending on the context of P-BCI use, the current work gives a starting point for choosing appropriate ML paradigms and feature characterizations to incorporate for a specific cognitive assessment task.
Association analyses of Apolipoprotein E genotypes and cognitive performance in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Zhu Shi-Guo , Chen Zhu-Ling , Xiao Ke , Wang Zi-Wei , Lu Wen-Bin , Liu Rong-Pei , Huang Shi-Shi , Zhu Jian-Hong , Zhang Xiong , Wang Jian-Yong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Cognitive impairment is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effect of APOEε4 on cognitive function of PD patients remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to understand whether and how carrying APOEε4 affects cognitive performance in patients with early-stage and advanced PD.
Methods: A total of 119 Chinese early-stage PD patients were recruited. Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, Hamilton anxiety scale, Hamilton depression scale, non-motor symptoms scale, Mini-mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Fazekas scale were evaluated. APOE genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reactions and direct sequencing. Demographic and clinical information of 521 early-stage and 262 advanced PD patients were obtained from Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI).
Results:No significant difference in cognitive performance was found between ApoEε4 carriers and non-carriers in early-stage PD patients from our cohort and PPMI. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Amyloid Beta 42 (Aβ42) level was significantly lower in ApoEε4 carrier than non-carriers in early-stage PD patients from PPMI. In advanced PD patients from PPMI, the BJLOT, HVLT retention and SDMT scores seem to be lower in ApoEε4 carriers with marginal statistical differences.
Conclusions: APOEε4 carriage does not affect the cognitive performance of early-stage PD patients. However, it may promote the decline of CSF Aβ42 level and the associated amyloidopathy, which is likely to further contribute to the cognitive dysfunction of PD patients in the advanced stage.
Giant hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon in an 84- year-old woman: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Lin Chen , Wang Peipei , Wang Ziyan , Li Mingxia , Wu Bin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is a rare extrahepatic tumor. The most common origin of HAC was the stomach (63%). HACs originating from the colon or rectum are rare.
Case presentation: We present a case of an 84-year-old Chinese woman diagnosed with a giant hepatoid adenocarcinoma with chief complaint of a large abdominal mass. A plain CT scan of the region showed an irregularly thickened transverse colon wall with a length of approximately 15 cm in the intestine. The patient underwent an extended right hemicolectomy and partial small intestinal resection. The patient successfully recovered and was discharged.
Conclusion: HACs are less likely to occur in the colorectum. We recommend that surgeons intervene aggressively if the patient’s condition permits.
The mechanism of Lycii Cortex intervention in essential hypertension was analyzed based on metabolomics and gut microbiota
Authors: Shan Yuwei , Yuan Yuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives:To determine the hypotensive effect of Lycii Cortex on spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) based on gut microbiota and untargeted metabonomics.
Methods：8-9 weeks of ages SHR rats were randomly divided into a model group, model drug delivery group; Wistar-Kyoto Rat (WKY) were used as controls. Feces were collected after 4weeks of gavage. Study the influence of SHR’s fecal metabolites and gut microbiota after Lycii Cortex extract administation by using LC-MS and 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The data were also analysed using methods such as multivariate statistical analysis and Spearman’s correlation.
Result: Lycii Cortex had a significant hypotensive effect on SHR (p<0.01), and regulated levels of metabolites such as serotonin, Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid and Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid. Its associated metabolic pathways are bile secretion, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, etc. Lycii Cortex extract was also found to modulate the abundance of benefical bacteria in the gut of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Conclusion: Lycii Cortex extract can improve the state of essential hypertension by regulating the balance of gut microorganisms. From the perspective of metabolimics and gut microbiota, it can help to explore the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and the intervention mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine Lycii Cortex at the molecular level.
Distilbert-gnn: a Powerful Approach to Social Media Event Detection
Authors: Abagissa Asres Temam , Saxena Shruti , Chandra Joydeep 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Finding events actively discussed locally or globally is a significant problem when mining social media data streams. Identifying such events can serve as an early warning system in an event such as an accident, a protest, an election, or other breaking news. However, with the massive volume of social media feeds streaming, early detection of such events is inherently complex. Despite the advances in social media event detection, existing methods often struggle with the dynamic nature of social media, the volume and velocity of data, and the ambiguity in user-generated content. On the contrary, several relational aspects are present in social media that, if suitably handled and exploited, can improve detection performance. To mitigate these challenges, we propose "DistilBERT-GNN," an incremental event detection framework that leverages DistilBERT and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). By integrating DistilBERT's real-time contextual understanding with GNNs' ability to capture evolving relationships in social media networks, our framework aims to detect and track events as they emerge and evolve. We assess the effectiveness of our approach through comparative analysis against various state-of-the-art event detection methods on a real-world Twitter dataset. Our experimental result demonstrates that DistilBERT-GNN outperforms the baselines with NMI, AMI, and ARI metrics by 0.72, 0.53, and 0.24, respectively.
Association between different insulin resistance surrogates and all-cause mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Zhao Guowen , Shang Sijia , Tian Na , Zhan Xiaojiang , Peng Fenfen , Wang Xiaoyang , Wen Yueqiang , Xu Qingdong , Feng Xiaoran , Tang Xingming , Wu Xianfeng , Zhou Qian , Yang Yuanyuan , Zhang Xing , Su Ning 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: The insulin resistance (IR) is related with poor outcomes in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. This study aimed to explore the association between surrogate IR indexes and all-cause mortality in PD patients.
Methods: 1736 PD patients were enrolled from March 2010 to December 2021 in multiple PD centers. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines (RCS) regression were constructed to assess the relationship between TyG index, TyG-BMI index, TG/HDL-C ratio and all-cause mortality. All three IR indexes were integrated into same model to access the predictive stability. Furthermore, forest plot was draw to display the result of subgroup analysis in PD patients.
Results: 378 mortality events were recorded during a median follow-up time of 2098 days. The RCS regression showed a linear association between the TyG index and TyG-BMI index and all-cause mortality (P for non-linearity 0.566, 0.716 respectively), while a non-linear association between TG/HDL-C ratio and all-cause mortality (P for non-linearity 0.022). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses indicated higher levels of TyG index, TyG-BMI index and TG/HDL-C ratio were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in PD patients (HR 1.587, 95%CI 1.264-1.993; HR 1.449, 95%CI 1.085-1.934; HR 1.424, 95%CI 1.104-1.838, respectively). By integrating three IR indexes into the same model, the TyG index showed the highest predictive stability among them. Forest plot of TyG index showed there were no significant interactions in the subgroups.
Conclusion: The TyG index, TyG-BMI index, and TG/HDL-C ratio were significantly associated with all-cause mortality in PD patients, and the TyG index may be the most stable surrogate marker for IR in PD patients among them, and IR was associated with all-cause mortality in PD patients.
Sustainability of online communities of open-source projects
Authors: Perekhodko Eugenia , Welles Brooke F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Open source software projects rely on groups of volunteer contributors who collaborate to produce code and documentation. Their work is often coordinated and supported by online communities, which are essential to sustain open source projects. In this paper we analyze the structure of the underlying social networks of online communities of practice. We analyze the emergent structure of five online communities associated with highly successful open source projects in order to identify the structural correlates of successful projects, as well as moments of vulnerability in community structure that could be monitored and proactively addressed. Specifically, we consider the structure of the core of five established online open source communities. Our findings demonstrate that the core of the largest strongly connected component these communities is the most sustainable part, and the rest of the largest strongly connected component is more vulnerable to the loss of contributors and collaborators. Moreover, we analyze the evolution of the community structure over time and demonstrate that the period just prior to the emergence of the largest 2 edge connected component inside the core of the communities is the most vulnerable point in the life cycle of online open source communities.
PACS: 0000, 1111
2000 MSC: 0000, 1111
Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Attecoube Lagune Neighborhood of Abidjan (Cote D'ivoire)
Authors: KONAN Loukou Leandre , ESSIS MARIE LAURE , WOGNIN Affou Séraphin , YAPO Ossey Bernard , TIEMBRE Issaka 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a severe, long-term, life-threatening respiratory illness. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of COPD and the factors associated with its prevention in the population of the Attecoube Lagune neighborhood of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Material and methods: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study lasting 2 months was carried out in the Attecoube Lagune neighborhood of Abidjan in 2022. A questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic, clinical and environmental characteristics. Baseline spirometry and a beta mimetic test were performed in all subjects surveyed to explore their respiratory function. Data analysis was performed using stata15.1 software. Results: A total of 170 residents were surveyed, including 103 women and 67 men, with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.65. Mean age was 35.92 ± 15.28 years. The most frequent respiratory symptoms were chest tightness (29.41%), dyspnoea (28.82%) and cough (22.35%). The prevalence of COPD was 5.29% among Attecoube Lagune neighborhood residents. Tobacco smoke was strongly associated with COPD [OR = 7, 06; IC95%: 1.00–10.60; P < 0.05]. Conclusion: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was strongly associated with tobacco smoke in Attecoube Lagune neighborhood. Awareness-raising campaigns on the dangers of tobacco and health promotion are needed in this commune.
Early Symptoms and Diagnostic Parameters in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Implications for Subsequent Bone Disorders
Authors: Olczyk Mariusz , Frankowska Agnieszka , Tkaczyk Marcin , Socha-Banasiak Anna , Czkwianianc Elżbieta 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with multiple factors that influence bone metabolism. This study aimed to compare the clinical manifestations and diagnostic parameters of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) at the time of diagnosis, as well as to assess their relationship with subsequent bone disorders.
Methods: Blood tests (including calcium-phosphate metabolism) and fecal tests (including calprotectin) were performed in eighty children recently diagnosed with IBD. Additionally, the bone densitometry results were evaluated in 25 of them.
Results: Diarrhea (p=0.02) and bloody stools (p<0.001) were more frequent in patients with UC, whereas fever was more common in patients with CD (p=0.003). Laboratory tests revealed anemia in 57.5% (46/80) and thrombocytosis in 36.3% (29/80). Higher calprotectin levels in the feces were found in girls at the time of diagnosis (p = 0.02). Osteopenia was detected in almost half of the patients, and 1/5 met the criteria for osteoporosis. Low calcium levels at diagnosis were correlated with subsequent bone disorders (p = 0.005). Insufficient level of vitamin D were detected in 77.8% (56/80).
Conclusions: Early disease detection and appropriate monitoring of pediatric IBD patients may decrease the risk of serious consequences, including osteoporosis.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation bridging for chemotherapy in obstructing mediastinal mass after cardiopulmonary arrest Reading head: ECMO bridging for chemotherapy
Authors: Wilkinson Daniel , Yeung Enoch , Samy Sanjay , Nakai Chikashi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: In a sedated patient, airway compression by a large mediastinal mass can cause acute fatal cardiopulmonary arrest. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been investigated to protect the airway and provided cardiopulmonary stability. However, the use of ECMO in the management of mediastinal masses is poorly documented
Case presentation: 32-year-old female presented with acute onset of left arm swelling and subacute onset of dry cough. Further investigation showed a deep venous thrombosis in left upper extremity as well as a large mediastinal mass. She underwent mediastinoscopy with biopsy of the mass which was complicated by cardiopulmonary arrest secondary to airway obstruction by the mediastinal mass. Venoarterial ECMO was initiated, while concurrently treating with a chemotherapy. The mediastinal mass responded to the chemotherapy and reduced in size during 2 days of ECMO support. She was extubated successfully and decannulated after 2 days of ECMO and discharged later.
Conclusions: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can serve as a viable strategy to facilitate cardiopulmonary support while concurrently treating the tumor with chemotherapy, ultimately allowing for the recovery of cardiopulmonary function, and achieving satisfactory outcomes.
Magnesium-Substituted Hydroxyapatite /Spider Silk fibroin /N-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Based Microsphere: A potential template for bone regeneration
Authors: Swain Subhasmita , Mishra Saswati , Das Sunita , Rautray Tapash Ranjan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ageing, sedentary lifestyle and bone trauma have contributed to a sequel of clinical manifestation and risk factors associated with bone health. However, there are constant efforts made by researchers on both invasive and non-invasive strategies for a revival of bone architecture. In recent years, biomaterials, primarily biocomposites, have improved the facet of bone repair and regeneration. In the present work, a biocomposite of spider silk fibroin (SSF), N-caboxymethyl chitosan (N-CMCh) and magnesium (Mg2+) incorporated hydroxyapatite (HA), i.e. SSF/N-CMCh/Mg-HA was prepared to fabricate microspheres for bone regenerative applications. Initially, synthetic stoichiometric HA doped with Mg was synthesized by wet chemical method. The crystallographic property of Mg2+ incorporation in HA was investigated by XRD analysis. SEM-EDX and FTIR confirmed even distribution of the element and stoichiometric ratio of Ca:P along with Mg2+ in the biocomposite. A comparative analysis of the polarized SSF/N-CMCh/Mg-HA and SSF/N-CMCh was carried out to analyse the porosity and swelling of the fabricated microspheres. In vitro evaluation confirms the cellular metabolic viability of the microspheres. Further, Mg-HA-incorporated microspheres showed better protein absorption with enhanced ALP activity. Improved biocompatibility of the microspheres could be confirmed with high expression of osteogenic gene markers such as ALP, OCN, RUNX2, and COL-1. The studies confirmed that the fabricated SSF/N-CMCh/Mg-HA microspheres could be used as a potential template for bone regeneration.
Investigation of B(GT) Strengths distribution for some p-shell Nuclei
Authors: Majeed Fouad A. , Obaid Sarah M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The strengths of Gamow-Teller transitions $B$(GT) and their summed values $\sum B$(GT) have been investigated for the transitions $^{9}$Li$\rightarrow$$^{9}$Be, $^{9}$Be$\rightarrow$$^{9}$B, and $^{9}$C$\rightarrow$$^{9}$B in the framework of the shell model.~The calculations were conducted in the standard P and extended PSD model spaces with core taken at $^{4}$He with effective interactions $ckpot$ for P model space and $psdmk$ and $psdmwk$ for PSD model space.~We did not impose any restrictions in our calculations for both model spaces.~The calculations of $B$(GT) for the studied nuclei and their summed values $\sum B$(GT) were compared with the observed data and shows reasonable agreement.~We have obtained a qualitative agreement for the individual transformations, and the observed and measured total transformation strengths are quite similar.
Sustainable Management of Agro Industrial Waste as Potential Adsorbent for Wastewater Treatment: Kinetic, Thermodynamic and Equilibrium Study
Authors: Ramteke Pradeep K. , Rathod Ajit P. , Kodape S. M. , Deshmukh A. Waheed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In the current work, the malachite green (MG) dye was removed from synthetic wastewater by employing a sustainable adsorbent Cajanus cajan (Tur Dal Husk) as an adsorbent. The activated carbon based on Tur Dal Husk (TDH) was prepared and analyzed by analytical techniques methods like the analyzes surface area involving Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The impacts of multiple causes, specifically pH, adsorbent quantity, contact duration, and the concentration of dye was investigated about the elimination of MG dye. The equilibrium isotherms underwent analysis through the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The highest ability to absorb was obtained as 24.81 mg/g, 30.95 mg/g, and 36.49amg/g at 303K, 313K, and 323K respectively. The separation factor value confirmed that the adsorption was beneficial at the adsorption conditions. The kinetics exhibited behavior consistent with pseudo-second-order kinetics. The thermal variables, involving entropy (ΔS), Gibbs free energy (ΔG), and enthalpy (ΔH), revealed that adsorption is a process that occurs naturally and absorbs heat during the process.