bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The posterior thoracic approach in echocardiography
Authors: Parameswaran R. , Carr Vincent F. , Rao Adiraju V. R. , Goldberg Harry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEchocardiograms were recorded using a left posterior thoracic approach in 17 patients with left pleural effusion. Comparison of these records with those obtained using the conventional technique in the same patients revealed that the left posterior thoracic approach yielded records of adequate quality in all patients. The mitral valve, the left ventricle, and the posterior pericardium were well defined. In 10 patients in whom pericardial effusion was also present, the posterior approach facilitated clear separation of the pleural and pericardial effusions. A major limitation of the posterior technique appears to be inability to record the aortic root, the aortic valve, and the left atrium.
Ethylene glycol‐water mixtures for use in ultrasound test objects
Authors: Goldstein Albert , Langrill Lawrence N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEthylene glycol—water mixtures have been found suitable for use in ultrasound test objects. A plot of the required percentage of ethylene glycol with room temperature for an acoustic velocity of 1540 m/sec is presented to aid the clinical user. The velocity measurements performed are shown to be dominated by near‐field transient diffraction effects. A 30 percent ethylene glycol—water mixture has been found to have a constant acoustic velocity of 1638 ± 3.5 m/sec over a wide temperature range (15.6°C–38.4°C). This mixture is suitable for a test object velocity standard. Proper use of the A.I.U.M. 100‐mm test object is discussed.
Parathyroid sonography: A useful aid to preoperative localization
Authors: Duffy Peter , Picker Richard H. , Duffield Sue , Reeve Thomas , Hewlett Sue 
Published: February 2007

AbstractParathyroid sonography was used to identify 19 of 23 glands enlarged to over 5 mm in transverse diameter in 22 patients presenting with hyperparathyroidism, both primary and secondary. The false positive and false negative rates were 5 percent and 6 percent, respectively.
Sonography of bilharzial masses of the scrotum
Authors: Abul‐Khair Mahmoud H. , Arafa Nabil M. , Sobeih Abdalla M. , Taalab Abdel A. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive patients with bilharzial masses of the spermatic cord were studied. Clinical examination and laboratory tests were performed. Plain radiology was used in 1 case to illustrate the calcified masses. Sonography in these patients gives a characteristic picture, with echogenic multiple masses with posterior shadowing. Operative excision of these masses was performed, and histopathological examination was carried out to verify the diagnosis.
Role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of abdominal hydatid disease
Authors: Itzchak Yacov , Rubinstein Zalman , Heyman Zahava , Gerzof Stephan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperience with the use of ultrasound for investigating hydatid disease of the abdomen is reported. The presence of daughter cysts within the parent cyst gives a pathognomonic sonographic picture, whether the cyst is single or multiple. The presence of single cysts without daughter cysts is still a diagnostic problem, unless calcification is seen. Associated secondary infection changes the picture to one of a nonspecific abscess, and only the presence of additional cysts can give a clue about the etiology.
Hydronephrosis in children: Narrowing the differential diagnosis with ultrasound
Authors: Chopra Amrit , Teele Rita Littlewood 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty patients with hydronephrosis in whom examination with ultrasound was helpful in defining the extent of dilation of the collecting system are presented. Thirteen patients had hydronephrosis due to obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction, six had obstruction of the ureterovesical junction from various causes, and one had massive bilateral vesicoureteral reflux. The diagnosis of high ureteral obstruction as opposed to obstruction or reflux at the ureterovesical junction was based on visualizing a dilated ureter in the latter two groups.
M‐mode and cross‐sectional echocardiographic diagnosis of right ventricular cavity masses
Authors: Krivokapich Janine , Warren Sanford E. , Child John S. , Kaufman Joseph A. , Vieweg Walter V. , Hagan Arthur D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo patients with metastatic carcinoma (one cervical and one testicular) in whom echocardiography was instrumental in diagnosing a right ventricular cavity mass are presented. In the first case the M‐mode echocardiogram revealed dense echoes in the right ventricle and right ventricular outflow tract during systole and diastole. Surgical confirmation of the mass lesion was obtained. The second case also revealed abnormal echoes in the right ventricle and right ventricular outflow tract, but they were less dense and distinct. Two‐dimensional echocardiography clearly delineated a highly mobile mass of tissue in the right ventricle which corresponded to the necropsy findings.
Ultrasonic characteristics of bilomas
Authors: Zegel Harry G. , Kurtz Alfred B. , Perlmutter Gordon S. , Goldberg Barry B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ultrasonic characteristics of bilomas are reviewed in five patients, one of whom was also studied with computed x‐ray tomography. Certain features not previously reported should aid in differentiating bilomas from other intra‐abdominal fluid collections.
Echocardiographic analysis of systolic and diastolic left ventricular wall motion during transient myocardial ischemia
Authors: Conetta Donald A. , Christie Leonard G. , Nichols Wilmer W. , Feldman Robert L. , Pepine Carl J. , Conti C. Richard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLeft ventricular (LV) wall motion (anterior and posterior) and simultaneous LV pressure were recorded during 30‐second left anterior descending (LAD) or circumflex (CX) coronary artery occlusions in open‐chest dogs to provide an echocardiographic model of the evolution of wall motion changes during myocardial ischemia. Prominent diastolic echocardiographic motion changes of progressive decrease in LV wall rapid‐filling velocities (RFS), slow‐filling velocities (SFS), and increased end‐diastolic diameter were accompanied by a marked increase in initial and end‐diastolic pressures (150% and 70%, respectively; all p < 0.05). Early (within ten seconds) and progressive decrease in rate (SES), amplitude (E), and duration (TTR) of systolic motion were noted with an increased systolic diameter (p < 0.05). Ischemic regions developed a characteristic pattern with early relaxation followed by a diastolic inward motion (DIM). These observations confirm and extend other investigators' findings on the motion of the ischemic myocardium and may be applicable to responses to transient myocardial ischemia noted in humans.
Normal left renal vein mimicking left renal artery aneurysm
Authors: Kurtz Alfred B. , Dubbins Paul A. , Zegel Harry G. , Cole‐Beuglet Catherine , Goldberg Barry B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOn transverse ultrasound scans a small number of patients with a paucity of retroperitoneal fat show an initial false impression of a left renal artery aneurysm due to the confluence of two normal findings. The left renal vein is unusually prominent from the hilum of the left kidney to the area between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta; and part of the normal aortic wall, adjacent to the left renal vein, is incompletely imaged. Explanations for the prominence in the left renal vein and the partial visualization of the aortic wall are discussed, and various maneuvers that allow for accurate identification of both are described. The use of this analysis should prevent the incorrect diagnosis of a left renal artery aneurysm, which might lead to more invasive diagnostic procedures.
Rapid oral hydration: A cause of pelvic fluid collections at sonography
Authors: Sukov Richard J. , Whitcomb Mary Jo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a controlled study, rapid oral hydration was found to result in sonographically visible pelvic fluid collections in six of 12 healthy women volunteers. These pelvic fluid collections were in many ways indistinguishable from those seen in a variety of pelvic diseases. An awareness of this association should result in a further reduction of false‐positive diagnoses at pelvic sonography.
Beat‐to‐beat variation in echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular dimensions and function
Authors: Bett John H. N. , Dryburgh Lawrence G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractM‐mode echocardiography was used to explore the extent of spontaneous variation in left ventricular dimensions and indices of systolic and diastolic function. Extended records made in 26 subjects at rest were digitized and analyzed by computer. We found considerable beat‐to‐beat variation, in that measurements of five or more consecutive cycles were necessary to provide representative values for minor axis dimensions, while the degree of scatter for derived indices of function was greater. This has to be recognized when serial echocardiography is used to study the progress of disease or the effects of treatment.
Shadowing and enhancement in ultrasonic echograms by reflection and refraction
Authors: Robinson David E. , Wilson Laurence S. , Kossoff George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe action of reflection and refraction in producing shadows and enhancement in ultrasonic echograms behind cystic structures is well known, but the physical explanations usually used are incomplete. In this paper the emergent beam patterns for a number of cases are plotted and this data used to explain the shadow and enhancement observed. Cases are also illustrated of echoes displayed incorrectly within the shadow region and of reflectors within the shadow region displayed elsewhere. The use of the echographic appearances to assess the velocity of propagation in cystic structures is described.
Ultrasound: State of the art
Authors: Janus Cynthia L. , Janus Samuel S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasound has become an accepted diagnostic modality since the late 1950s. Since its introduction as a soft‐tissue imaging method, ultrasound has broadened and assumed many research and clinical roles in medicine. Yet, despite the growing enthusiasm for ultrasound, there has been little written about its growth that brings together the latest areas of clinical utilization and research. To gather this data, we personally researched 32 leading medical centers in the United States. This paper shows where ultrasound stands now and where it is likely to go in the near future.
In vitro demonstration of an echogenic emulsion: Relationship of lipid particle size to echo detection
Authors: Davis Peter L. , Filly Roy A. , Goerke Jon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo prove that protein‐lipid emulsions can be echogenic, we made two lipid‐in‐water emulsions. The first emulsion was composed of lipid micelles approximately 10 microns in diameter. The second emulsion was composed of micelles approximately 100 microns in diameter. The first emulsion was anechoic; the second emulsion was echogenic. These results are consistent with the physical laws governing the scatter of ultrasound and demonstrate that collagen containing connective tissue is not necessary for echoes. In addition, these data support the hypothesis that the wide differences in echogenicity of fatty tissues is due to the differences in the thickness of their connective tissue stromata.
Parathyroid adenoma: Accuracy of preoperative localization by high‐resolution real‐time sonography
Authors: Scheible William , Deutsch Andrew L. , Leopold George R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo assess the accuracy of high‐resolution sonography of the parathyroid glands, a consecutive series of sonograms in 58 patients was reviewed. The study population was limited to patients thought clinically to have primary hyperparathyroidism and likely to have one enlarged adenomatous gland. Patients with renal failure or other evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism were exluded. Typical sonographic features of parathyroid adenoma were observed. An overall accuracy of 92% was obtained for the identification of surgically confirmed parathyroid gland enlargement due to adenoma.
Further observations on the sonographic spectrum of gestational trophoblastic disease
Authors: Munyer Thomas P. , Callen Peter W. , Filly Roy A. , Braga Caroline A. , Jones Howard W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSonograms of 27 patients with gestational trophoblastic disease were evaluated and categorized according to newer concepts regarding the pathology and pathogenesis of this disorder. The patients were assigned to the following subgroups: (1) classical or complete mole; (2) partial or incomplete mole; (3) coexistent mole and fetus; (4) hydropic degeneration of the placenta; (5) locally invasive mole; and (6) metastatic trophoblastic disease, including choriocarcinoma. The utility of this categorization and of ultrasound in the diagnosis and subsequent management of these patients is presented.
Variability of the hepatic arterial anatomy: A sonographic demonstration
Authors: Marchal Guy , Kint Erwin , Nijssens Mark , Baert Albert L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe variable origin of the hepatic arteries is well known from pathological and angiographic studies. Four main variants have been described. The common hepatic artery arising from the celiac artery is the most common type found in 70% of subjects. It can be helpful to be aware of the different patterns of hepatic artery branching in the interpretation of ultrasound examinations. This anatomy is most easily demonstrated by the use of real‐time equipment.
The sonographic features of intra‐abdominal pregnancy
Authors: Allibone George W. , Fagan Charles J. , Porter Scott C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sonographic features of three cases of extrauterine, intra‐abdominal pregnancy are presented in conjunction with a brief review of the clinical and radiographic features of the condition. Based on our experience and a review of the literature, we found that the major criteria for the sonographic diagnosis of extrauterine, intra‐abdominal pregnancy include: (1) demonstration of a fetus in a gestational sac outside the uterus, or the depiction of an abdominal or pelvic mass identifiable as the uterus separate from the fetus; (2) failure to see a uterine wall between the fetus and urinary bladder; (3) recognition of a close approximation of the fetus to the maternal abdominal wall; and (4) localization of the placenta outside the confines of the uterine cavity.
The ultrasonic evaluation of skin thickness in scleredema
Authors: Cole Gary W. , Handler Stephen J. , Burnett Keith 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe skin thickness in a group of patients with scleredema was measured using ultrasonic techniques and then compared with a group of normal individuals. The mean dermal thickness in scleredema was 7.7 mm, compared to 3.3 mm in the normal control group. Ultrasonic evaluation of skin thickness may be of value in following the natural history or response to therapy of certain diseases that affect dermal thickness.
Disruption of the diaphragmatic echoes: A sonographic sign of diaphragmatic disease
Authors: Worthen Nancy J. , Worthen Willard F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report describes a new ultrasonographic finding of disruption or interruption of the right hemidiaphragmatic echoes. Etiologies discussed include tumor invasion, metastatic implantation of tumor and diaphragmatic rupture secondary to trauma and infection.
Appearance of normal pancreatic duct: A study using real‐time ultrasound
Authors: Bryan Patrick J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing a linear array real‐time scanner and a video disc with slow‐motion review capability, the pancreatic duct was seen in 86% of normal subjects. It appeared as a tubular structure in 65% of patients and as a single line echo in 21%. The normal pancreatic duct measures 2 mm in diameter or less.
Digital fourier techniques in the diagnosis and quantification of aortic stenosis with pulsed‐Doppler echocardiography
Authors: Cannon Scott R. , Richards Kent L. , Rollwitz William T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPulsed Doppler echocardiography and digital Fourier analysis were utilized to examine flow distal to the aortic valve and to quantify aortic stenosis. A graphic index of parameters derived from velocity spectrum patterns generated by Fourier analysis was regressed against mean systolic pressure gradients in 21 adults with clinical evidence of aortic stenosis who underwent catheterization studies and five normal adults (r = .82). Correlation improved in the absence of regurgitation (r = .92). Sensitivity for detecting gradients > 30 mmHg was 86%; specificity was 90%. Doppler spectral analysis shows promise in alleviating the need for many invasive studies.
Ultrasonic demonstration of small pancreatic islet cell tumors
Authors: Kuhn Fritz‐Peter , Günther Rolf , Ruckert Klaus , Beyer Jürgen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn three patients real‐time sonography successfully localized small pancreatic islet cell tumors measuring 7, 8, and 17 mm in size. Ultrasound is suggested as the initial radiologic examination for localization of endocrine pancreatic tumors. If ultrasound is negative or equivocal, computerized tomography, arteriography, and pancreatic venous sampling are indicated.
Improved two‐dimensional echocardiographic technique for left ventricular aneurysm detection
Authors: Amon K. Wray , Crawford Michael H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to determine the sensitivity and reproducibility of a new two‐dimensional echocardiographic technique for detecting left ventricular aneurysms, 16 patients suspected of having aneurysms were evaluated prospectively. Left ventricular angiography demonstrated aneurysms in 15 of the 16 patients. All 15 were detected by two‐dimensional echocardiography but three were identified only in a view rotated 45 degrees clockwise from the apical four‐chamber view. The analysis of 16 wall segments for each patient showed excellent agreement between two observers. Therefore, two‐dimensional echocardiography, utilizing four apical views 45 degrees apart, is reliable and reproducible for the detection of left ventricular aneurysms.
Comparative imaging in the evaluation of hepatic abscesses in immunocompromised children
Authors: Sty John R. , Starshak Robert J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree children, two with aplastic anemia and one with chronic granulomatous disease of childhood, were evaluated for hepatic abscess with hepatic scintigraphy (HS), gray‐scale sonography (GSS), 67Ga imaging (GA), and computed tomography (CT). Each of the children was found to harbor two abscesses. All were detected with GSS and CT. In the two children imaged with GA, all four abscesses were seen. In two patients imaged twice with HS, 50% of the lesions were missed.
Risk in fine‐needle abdominal biopsy
Authors: Livraghi Tito , Damascelli Bruno , Lombardi Claudio , Spagnoli Ivo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe complications of fine‐needle abdominal biopsy (FNAB) in 11, 700 patients from our own series and from a review of the literature are reported. The mortality rate (one case of necrotizing pancreatitis) was 0.008%, the rate of major complications (two cases of biliary peritonitis, two tumor seeding, one intrahepatic hematoma, and one peritonitis) was 0.05%, and the rate of other complications (58 cases) was 0.49%, giving a total complication rate of 0.55%.
Normal aortic root dimensions in premature infants
Authors: Reller Mark D. , Meyer Richard A. , Kaplan Samuel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal aortic root dimensions are established using 334 sequential echocardiograms in 111 average‐for‐gestational‐age premature infants between 600‐2500 g. The aortic roots increased in diameter from 0.53 cm ± 0.04 cm for infants weighing 600–900 g to 0.80 ± 0.08 cm for infants weighing between 2200–2500 g.
Ultrasound monitoring of ovarian follicular development: A comparison of real‐time and static scanning techniques
Authors: Orsini Luigi F. , Rizzo Nicola , Calderoni Patrizio , Pilu Gianluigi , Bovicelli Luciano 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFollicular growth was monitored in 19 patients during 20 spontaneous and induced cycles by different examiners in a blind trial using a real‐time linear array, a mechanical sector scanner, and a gray scale compound scanner. This was done to compare the efficacy of different ultrasound equipment in the study of ovarian cycle. The mean maximum follicular diameter was calculated with each equipment and the quality of follicular images was classified as poor, sufficient, and good as defined in the study. The overall best results in ovary and follicle visualization were achieved with the real‐time sector scanner. Measurements of the same dominant follicle using real‐time and compound scanners were highly correlated (linear array/compound scanner: r = 0.894, p < 0.001; sector/compound scanner: r = 0.928, p < 0.001). Following ovulation, some unexpected differences in the distribution of the postovulatory patterns were noted with each instrument. Except in difficult patients, real‐time examination, preferably performed using a sector scanner, appears to be the optimal first ultrasonic approach for monitoring follicular growth.
The sonographic appearance and contrast enhancement of puncture needles
Authors: Heckemann R. , Seidel K. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInvestigations on the ultrasonic appearance of puncture needles in vitro and in vivo are reported. The images from the waterbath phantom correspond closely to those seen in the human body. The surfaces of smooth puncture needles reflect the ultrasonic beam so that, in most cases, the shaft is not visible. Surface roughnesses and small air bubbles enhance echogenicity and contrast of such needles. These roughnesses or inhomogeneities may be extraluminal or intraluminal. The phenomenon of the needle tip echo and its modifications are interpreted as physical and technical artifacts.
Causes of abnormal right diaphragmatic position diagnosed by ultrasound
Authors: Menucha Pery  , Kaftori Joseph K. , Rosenberger Alexander 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifty patients with an abnormal right diaphragmatic position on posterioranterior and lateral chest films and five patients following right thoracotomy were examined by ultrasound. The transabdominal and intercostal approach with the liver as an acoustic window was used. In all patients the cause for the change in the diaphragmatic position and the nature of an opacified right hemithorax after thoracotomy and pulmonectomy were identified.