bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance in Irish Selection and Future Performance in Surgical Training
Authors: Toale Conor , Morris Marie , Gross Sara , O’Keeffe Dara A. , Ryan Donncha M. , Boland Fiona , Doherty Eva M. , Traynor Oscar J. , Kavanagh Dara O. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceSelection processes for surgical training should aim to identify candidates who will become competent independent practitioners and should aspire to high standards of reliability and validity.ObjectiveTo determine the association between measured candidate factors at the time of an Irish selection and assessment outcomes in surgical training, examined via rate of progression to Higher Specialist Training (HST), attrition rates, and performance as assessed through a multimodal framework of workplace-based and simulation-based assessments.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective observational cohort study included data from all successful applicants to the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) national Core Surgical Training (CST) program. Participants included all trainees recruited to dedicated postgraduate surgical training from 2016 to 2020. These data were analyzed from July 11, 2016, through July 10, 2022.ExposuresSelection decisions were based on a composite score that was derived from technical aptitude assessments, undergraduate academic performance, and a 4-station multiple mini-interview.Main outcomes and measuresAssessment data, attrition rates, and rates of progression to HST were recorded for each trainee. CST performance was assessed using workplace-based and simulation-based technical and nontechnical skill assessments. Potential associations between selection and assessment measures were explored using Pearson correlation, logistic regression, and multiple linear-regression analyses.ResultsData were available for 303 trainees. Composite scores were positively associated with progression to HST (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05-1.13). There was a weak positive correlation, ranging from 0.23 to 0.34, between scores and performance across all CST assessments. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed technical aptitude scores at application were associated with future operative performance assessment scores, both in the workplace (β = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.14-0.48) and simulated environments (β = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.33-0.81). There was evidence that the interpersonal skills interview station was associated with future performance in simulated communication skill assessments (β = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.22-0.87).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, performance at the time of Irish national selection, measured across technical and nontechnical domains in a multimodal fashion, was associated with future performance in the workplace and in simulated environments. Future studies will be required to explore the consequential validity of selection, including potential unintended effects of selection and ranking on candidate performance.
Active management is required to regenerate the Caledonian forest: Alladale as a case study
Authors: Williams Jake , Sandom Christopher J. , Pettorelli Nathalie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Passive approaches to nature recovery have been hailed as a low‐cost approach to boosting biodiversity in ecologically degraded sites. But there remains little evidence of whether this generalises to all climatic and ecological contexts.

To address this knowledge gap, we used satellite remote sensing to examine vegetation change in Alladale Wilderness Reserve, a remote rewilding site in Scotland where active and passive approaches have simultaneously taken place for the past decades.

In contrast to enclosures and tree planting, more passive approaches did not help regenerate the native Caledonian forest, failing to lead to structural or functional change within Alladale, relative to the wider landscape. Observed changes under both approaches were moreover much less dramatic than those reported for the Knepp Estate, another established rewilding site in Southern England.

Our results suggest that passive rewilding is unlikely to promote significant biodiversity change in areas where recent human forcing of ecological processes has been limited, even if past human pressures have intensively reshaped the ecosystem—as seen in Alladale. In such situations, active interventions are likely to be required to shift the system onto a new ecological trajectory.

Altogether, our study illustrates how freely available satellite data can (1) help contrast the impacts of environmental management approaches on ecosystem structure and functioning, in ways that complement existing ground‐based studies; and (2) help distinguish areas likely to benefit from passive nature recovery approaches from those where specific active interventions are needed.
Analytical Alternatives for the Analysis of Marine Biotoxins
Authors: Martins J. M. Leão , Martínez A. Gago 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The impact of marine biotoxins on human and animal health represents an important concern for health authorities worldwide, and big efforts have been developed over the past few years by the scientific community working in this field not only to evaluate their toxicological impact but also to develop sensitive and efficient analytical methods to carry out their control. In addition, the occurrence of these toxins in seafood, mainly in bivalve mollusks, also induces dramatic economic damage to shellfish farming. Three main groups of toxins are included in the
European Union
(
EU
) legislation nowadays: these toxins have been categorized according to their toxicology or their chemical properties,
amnesic shellfish poisoning
(
ASP
), paralytic shellfish poisoning (PST), and
lipophilic toxin
s (
LPT
s) being the three groups for which regulatory limits have been established.

Ciguatoxin
s (
CTX
s),
tetrodotoxin
s (
TTX
s), and others are considered emerging toxins. In the past decades they have been reported in waters where their appearance has never been reported before. Their appearance is related to climate changes, with the globalization of markets and the export of marine products from different areas of world production.

This review is focused on providing an updated overview of the different analytical approaches for the detection and quantitation of the marine biotoxins currently regulated in the EU and emerging toxins. The replacement of the
mouse bioassay
(
MBA
) as reference method in the EU Legislation by
liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry
(
LC–MS/MS
) marked a new era in the analysis of marine biotoxins. The search of analytical alternatives for routine monitoring and the production of standards and reference materials are nowadays considered the main priorities in the field, along with the validation and implementation of the official methods.
Applications of Supercontinuum Sources for Trace Gas Sensing
Authors: Jahromi Khalil E. , Khodabakhsh Amir , Cristescu Simona M. , Harren Frans J.M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOptical absorption spectroscopy is a widely used method for gas detection, with many different applications in physics, chemistry, biology, environmental science, etc. Recent developments in mid‐infrared supercontinuum sources have opened up new possibilities for trace gas detection in these research fields. Supercontinuum sources have a wide spectral range (spectral coverage of a lamp), a high light intensity, and a high spatial coherence (directionality of a laser). The wide coverage enables to detect gases in complex gas mixtures, while the directionality allows a long path length through the gas sample, thereby improving the sensitivity for specific gases. After a short historical overview and background on the generation of supercontinuum light, attention is focused on the combination of supercontinuum sources, gas cells, and spectroscopic detection systems, to achieve an optimal detection limit and selectivity for gasses. The main methods for improving thesignal‐to‐noise ratio(SNR) and detection sensitivity of gases are discussed. Applications are described with examples of the detection of gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere, postharvest physiology, and plasmas analysis.
Application of Low‐ and High‐resolution Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Contaminants in Food Matrices
Authors: Boti Vasiliki I. , Koloka Ourania L. , Konstantinou Ioannis K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Food quality and safety are becoming a top priority to consumers, food suppliers, food manufacturers, and regulators as markets become more and more globalized. The use of
liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry
(
LC‐MS
) has proven to be incomparable in several ways in food analysis. Most of the effective LC‐MS methods currently used involve different MS analyzers, such as
triple‐quadrupole
(
QqQ
),
ion‐trap
(
IT
),
time‐of‐flight
(
TOF
), or orbitrap technology for the identification and quantification of contaminants in food commodities. The analysis of food matrices for the presence of contaminants belongs to the main application areas of these technologies and requires a thorough evaluation of their strength and limitations in order to secure scientific progress in this particular area of analysis. This article focuses on gathering the knowledge and comparing LC‐MS methodologies, applying both low‐ and high‐resolution mass analyzers, for the determination of contaminants in food matrices, with a particular focus on pesticides, veterinary drugs, and
per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances
(
PFAS
).
Bespoke Metal Nanoparticle Synthesis at Room Temperature and Discovery of Chemical Knowledge on Nanoparticle Growth via Autonomous Experimentations
Authors: Yoo Hyuk Jun , Kim Nayeon , Lee Heeseung , Kim Daeho , Ow Leslie Tiong Ching , Nam Hyobin , Kim Chansoo , Lee Seung Yong , Lee Kwan‐Young , Kim Donghun , Han Sang Soo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe optimization of nanomaterial synthesis using numerous synthetic variables is considered to be an extremely laborious task because conventional combinatorial explorations are prohibitively expensive. In this work, an autonomous experimentation platform developed for the bespoke design of metal nanoparticles (NPs) with targeted optical properties is reported. This platform operates in a closed‐loop manner between the batch synthesis module of metal NPs and the UV–vis spectroscopy module, based on the feedback of the AI optimization modeling. With silver (Ag) NPs as a representative example, it is demonstrated that the Bayesian optimizer implemented with the early stopping criterion can efficiently produce Ag NPs at room temperature precisely possessing the desired absorption spectra within only 200 iterations (when optimizing among five aqueous synthetic reagents). In addition to the outstanding material developmental efficiency, the analysis of synthetic variables further reveals a novel chemistry involving the quantitative effects of citrate in Ag NP synthesis. The amount of citrate is key to controlling the competition between spherical and plate‐shaped NPs and, as a result, affects the shapes of the absorption spectra as well. This study highlights both capabilities of the platform to enhance search efficiencies and to provide novel chemical knowledge by analyzing datasets accumulated from autonomous experimentations.
A Multifunctional Additive Capable of Electrolyte Stabilization and Structure/Interphases Regulation of High‐Energy Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Yuchen , Qu Qunting , Lv Linze , Shao Jie , Zheng Honghe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNi‐rich cathodes are regarded as the most suitable candidates for high‐energy‐density Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the structural degradation of Ni‐rich cathodes and high reactivity of electrolytes at the high‐potential cathodes greatly affect the cycling stability. One of the prime reasons is that HF produced by the thermal decomposition and hydrolysis of the electrolyte salt LiPF6 can cause corrosion at the electrode/electrolyte interface, promote the transition‐metal dissolution from cathode, and aggravate the decomposition of the electrolyte. This work develops a multifunctional and promising silane‐based electrolyte additive, vinyltrimethylsilane (VTMS), which is generally applicable to Ni‐rich cathode‐based LIBs. Theoretical calculations and practical experiments reveal that VTMS is capable of eliminating HF, stabilizing PF5, and suppressing the hydrolysis of LiPF6. Besides, the additive VTMS undergoes redox reactions prior to other electrolyte components, mitigates the electrolyte decomposition, and constructs superior interphases at both cathode and anode. The electrochemical performance of LIBs is significantly improved at both room temperature (25 °C) and low temperature (0 °C), demonstrating that VTMS has broad application prospects in LIBs. The development of such a multifunctional additive is of great importance for simplifying the electrolyte composition.
Critical Criteria Depicting the Rational Design of Zn Anode Current Collector
Authors: Weng Gao , Dong Zixing , Xiang Pan , Zhu Yelin , Wu Chao , Yang Xianzhong , Liu Huakun , Dou Shixue 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBy virtue of the intrinsic safety and cost‐effectiveness, aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have gained increasing attention in the realm of energy storage. In spite of the promise of Zn anode, challenges like dendrite growth and side reactions persist as hurdles to be overcome. Addressing this, the rational design of Zn anode current collectors (ZACCs) is an effective solution. Recent years have witnessed the significant strides in the construction of ZACCs, yet the precise pathways for ZACC development remain unclear, lacking a set of specific criteria to guide progress. In this comprehensive review, acknowledging the concerns surrounding Zn anodes, six criteria—electrical conductivity, zincophilicity, orientational deposition inducibility, chemical stability, mechanical durability, and scalability—are innovatively put forward as pivotal benchmarks for the design of ZACCs. Each criterion is accompanied by tailored optimization strategies and corresponding challenges. Furthermore, future trend in ZACCs development is envisaged, along with potential application scenarios for AZIBs. This review will expedite the advancement of ZACCs and contribute to the flourishing landscape of AZIBs.
Chiral Magnetic Quasiparticles with Zero Topological Charge in 2D Lattice
Authors: Du Wenhui , He Zhonglin , Dou Kaiying , Li Xinru , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao , Ma Yandong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChiral quasiparticles, such as magnetic skyrmions, are fundamental phenomena in the field of condensed‐matter physics. So far, several chiral quasiparticles with nontrivial topology have been theoretically predicted and experimentally confirmed, most characterized by carrying a nonzero topological charge. Here, through model analysis, a mechanism of realizing chiral magnetic quasiparticles with zero topological charge in the 2D lattice is proposed. The physics is related to the marriage of layer‐dependent staggered Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya interaction and interlayer exchange interaction, and the nontrivial topology is protected indirectly. By means of first‐principles calculations and atomic spin model simulations, this mechanism in a real material of bilayer Tl2NO2 is further demonstrated. The realized chiral quasiparticles with zero topological charge can be considered as the superposition of vortex and anti‐vortex. Even though the topological charge is zero, their topologies are nontrivial, indirectly protected by the correlated magnetic bimerons. The finding opens up a new direction for the research on topological spin structures in 2D lattice.
Highly Sensitive and Fast Responding Flexible Force Sensors Using ZnO/ZnMgO Coaxial Nanotubes on Graphene Layers for Breath Sensing
Authors: Ali Asad , Lee Jamin , Kim Kyoungho , Oh Hongseok , Yi Gyu‐Chul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe authors report the fabrication of highly sensitive, rapidly responding flexible force sensors using ZnO/ZnMgO coaxial nanotubes grown on graphene layers and their applications in sleep apnea monitoring. Flexible force sensors are fabricated by forming Schottky contacts to the nanotube array, followed by the mechanical release of the entire structure from the host substrate. The electrical characteristics of ZnO and ZnO/ZnMgO nanotube‐based sensors are thoroughly investigated and compared. Importantly, in force sensor applications, the ZnO/ZnMgO coaxial structure results in significantly higher sensitivity and a faster response time when compared to the bare ZnO nanotube. The origin of the improved performance is thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, wireless breath sensing is demonstrated using the ZnO/ZnMgO pressure sensors with custom electronics, demonstrating the feasibility of the sensor technology for health monitoring and the potential diagnosis of sleep apnea.
Materials and Strategies to Enhance Melt Electrowriting Potential
Authors: Saiz Paula G. , Reizabal Ander , Vilas‐Vilela Jose Luis , Dalton Paul D. , Lanceros‐Mendez Senentxu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMelt electrowriting (MEW) is an emerging additive manufacturing (AM) technology that enables the precise deposition of continuous polymeric microfibers, allowing for the creation of high‐resolution constructs. In recent years, MEW has undergone a revolution, with the introduction of active properties or additional functionalities through novel polymer processing strategies, the incorporation of functional fillers, postprocessing, or the combination with other techniques. While extensively explored in biomedical applications, MEW's potential in other fields remains untapped. Thus, this review explores MEW's characteristics from a materials science perspective, emphasizing the diverse range of materials and composites processed by this technique and their current and potential applications. Additionally, the prospects offered by postprinting processing techniques are explored, together with the synergy achieved by combining melt electrowriting with other manufacturing methods. By highlighting the untapped potentials of MEW, this review aims to inspire research groups across various fields to leverage this technology for innovative endeavors.
Fracture‐Resistant Stretchable Materials: An Overview from Methodology to Applications
Authors: Guo Xiwei , Dong Yue , Qin Jianliang , Zhang Qi , Zhu He , Zhu Shiping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStretchable materials, such as gels and elastomers, are attractive materials in diverse applications. Their versatile fabrication platforms enable the creation of materials with various physiochemical properties and geometries. However, the mechanical performance of traditional stretchable materials is often hindered by the deficiencies in their energy dissipation system, leading to lower fracture resistance and impeding their broader range of applications. Therefore, the synthesis of fracture‐resistant stretchable materials has attracted great interest. This review comprehensively summarizes key design considerations for constructing fracture‐resistant stretchable materials, examines their synthesis strategies to achieve elevated fracture energy, and highlights recent advancements in their potential applications.
Tailoring Single‐Mode Random Lasing of Tin Halide Perovskites Integrated in a Vertical Cavity
Authors: Adl Hamid Pashaei , Sánchez‐Díaz Jesús , Vescio Giovanni , Cirera Albert , Garrido Blas , Pacheco Felipe Andres Vinocour , Żuraw Wiktor , Przypis Łukasz , Öz Senol , Mora‐Seró Iván , Martínez‐Pastor Juan P. , Suárez Isaac 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe development of random lasing (RL) with predictable and controlled properties is an important step to make these cheap optical sources stable and reliable. However, the design of tailored RL characteristics (emission energy, threshold, number of modes) is only obtained with complex photonic structures, while the simplest optical configurations able to tune the RL are still a challenge. This work demonstrates the tuning of the RL characteristics in spin‐coated and inkjet‐printed tin‐based perovskites integrated into a vertical cavity with low quality factor. When the cavity mode is resonant with the photoluminescence (PL) peak energy, standard vertical lasing is observed. More importantly, single mode RL operation with the lowest threshold and a quality factor as high as 1 000 (twenty times the quality factor of the resonator) is obtained if the cavity mode lies above the PL peak energy due to higher gain. These results can have important technological implications toward the development of low‐cost RL sources without chaotic behavior.
Electrolyte Design for High‐Voltage Lithium‐Metal Batteries with Synthetic Sulfonamide‐Based Solvent and Electrochemically Active Additives
Authors: Kim Saehun , Jeon Ji Hwan , Park Kyobin , Kweon Seong Hyeon , Hyun Jae‐Hwan , Song Chaeeun , Lee Donghyun , Song Gawon , Yu Seung‐Ho , Lee Tae Kyung , Kwak Sang Kyu , Lee Kyu Tae , Hong Sung You , Choi Nam‐Soon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConsidering practical viability, Li‐metal battery electrolytes should be formulated by tuning solvent composition similar to electrolyte systems for Li‐ion batteries to enable the facile salt‐dissociation, ion‐conduction, and introduction of sacrificial additives for building stable electrode–electrolyte interfaces. Although 1,2‐dimethoxyethane with a high‐donor number enables the implementation of ionic compounds as effective interface modifiers, its ubiquitous usage is limited by its low‐oxidation durability and high‐volatility. Regulation of the solvation structure and construction of well‐structured interfacial layers ensure the potential strength of electrolytes in both Li‐metal and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811). This study reports the build‐up of multilayer solid‐electrolyte interphase by utilizing different electron‐accepting tendencies of lithium difluoro(bisoxalato) phosphate (LiDFBP), lithium nitrate, and synthetic 1‐((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)piperidine. Furthermore, a well‐structured cathode–electrolyte interface from LiDFBP effectively addresses the issues with NCM811. The developed electrolyte based on a framework of highly‐ and weakly‐solvating solvents with interface modifiers enables the operation of Li|NCM811 cells with a high areal capacity cathode (4.3 mAh cm−2) at 4.4 V versus Li/Li+.
Intelligent In situ Printing of Multimaterial Bioinks for First‐Aid Wound Care Guided by Eye‐In‐Hand Robot Technology
Authors: Jeong Seol‐Ha , Kim Jihyun , Thibault Brendan Craig , Soto Javier Alejandro Lozano , Tourk Fatima , Steakelum Joshua , Azuela Diego , Carvalho Violeta , Quiroga‐Ocaña Guillermo , Zhuang Weida , Cham‐Pérez Mei Li L. , Huang Lucia L. , Li Zhuqing , Valsami Eleftheria‐Angeliki , Wang Enya , Rodrigues Nelson , Teixeira Senhorinha F.C.F. , Lee Yuhan , Seo Jungmok , Veves Aristidis , Hassan Shabir , Theocharidis Georgios , Fiondella Lance , Shin Su Ryon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractINSIGHT (INtelligent in situ printing Guided by Eye‐in‐Hand robot Technology), an innovative computer vision‐enabled system that combines a depth camera with a 6‐degree of freedom robot arm, empowering it to identify arbitrary areas at various angles through real time adjustments and to enable volumetric printing performed by dynamic image recognition based on color and contour differences is presented. Continuous targeting of multiple wounds at different locations is achieved. The optimized pneumatic valve synchronized with the INSIGHT can print multiple inks with diverse rheological properties to fabricate scaffolds and bandages with the capacity to treat various types of wounds. The design of dual printed modes, such as extrusion and spray, can significantly decrease printing time for large‐scale wounds on an ex vivo porcine model. INSIGHT demonstrates its ability to treat diabetic wounds, using a microgel‐based ink possessing an inherent porous microstructure to facilitate cell infiltration. In vivo verification highlights its adaptability to enable customized care for rapid emergency treatment of trauma patients.