bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Lineprotein Profile and Urinary Albumin Excretion in Type II Diabetic Patients With Stable Metabolic Control
Authors: Reverter Jordi L , Pizarro Eduarda , Sentí Marian , Pedro-Botet Juan , Rubiés-Prat Juan , Romero Ramón , Lucas Anna , Sanmartí Anna , Saunas Isabel 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE
To assess lipids and lipoprotein composition and the relationship between lipoprotein abnormalities and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in select type II diabetic patients with stable metabolic control.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Fifty-five type II diabetic patients and 55 healthy control subjects both with a body mass index &lt;30 kg/m2 were studied. Patients were classified according to their level of UAE as normoalbuminuric (n = 37), microalbuminuric (n = 11), and macroalbuminuric (n = 7). In all cases, serum creatinine and albumin concentrations were in the normal range.

RESULTS
Normoalbuminuric patients showed increased triglyceride (TG) contents in intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) (P &lt; 0.01), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P &lt; 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P &lt; 0.001) compared with control subjects. Lipoprotein concentration in microalbuminuric patients did not differ from that of normoalbuminuric patients. On the other hand, patients with macroalbuminuria showed a significant increase in IDL cholesterol (P &lt; 0.01) and IDL (P &lt; 0.01), LDL (P &lt; 0.05), and HDL TGs (P &lt; 0.01) compared with the other groups. Diabetic patients with nephropathy, both microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric, tended to have higher mean lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) concentrations than normoalbuminuric patients and control subjects. A strongly positive correlation was observed between UAE and serum TGs (r = 0.56) and very-low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.55), IDL (r = 0.52), LDL (r = 0.54), and HDL TGs (r = 0.52).

CONCLUSIONS
Lipoprotein alterations observed in diabetic patients, specifically IDL abnormalities and a tendency toward high Lp(a) levels, which are more marked in those with increased UAE, may contribute to the excess of cardiovascular disease in type II diabetic patients, particularly those with nephropathy.
Muscle Fiber Composition and Capillary Density in Women and Men With NIDDM
Authors: MÅrin Per , Andersson Björn , Krotkiewski Marcin , Björntorp Per 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether muscle fiber composition and capillary density differed between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Muscle fiber composition and capillary density were determined in biopsies from women and men with non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and compared with those of control subjects matched for gender, age, obesity, and the waist-to-hip ratio, which are all factors known to influence muscle morphology.

RESULTS
Patients with NIDDM, as well as control subjects with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance, showed the same abnormalities in muscle morphology, namely, a low percentage of type I fibers, elevated type II (particularly type IIB) fibers, and a low capillary density. These changes correlated closely with insulin concentrations in both diabetic and nondiabetic groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Recent information suggests that insulin may regulate myosin synthesis in muscle in the direction of the changes observed. Therefore, it is possible that muscle fiber composition abnormalities in insulin-resistant conditions are secondary to hyperinsulinemia. However, the low capillary density, hypothetically, may contribute to insulin resistance.
Incidence of Type I Diabetes in People Under 30 Years of Age in Barbados, West Indies, 1982-1991
Authors: Jordan Oscar W , Lipton Rebecca B , Stupnicka Elzbieta , Kennedy Cruickshank J , Fraser Henry S 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE
To determine the incidence of type I diabetes among individuals &lt;30 years of age on the island of Barbados in the Caribbean. The population is predominantly African in origin but exhibits a relatively westernized lifestyle.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Cases occurring during the years 1982–1991 were drawn from records at Queen Elizabeth Hospital and from physicians treating insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients. Patients using insulin and &lt;30 years of age at onset were included. Ascertainment was estimated at 94%.

RESULTS
The average annual incidence of type I diabetes among Barbadians was 4.1/100,000 when age-adjusted to the world's population. There were 59 incident cases during this 10-year interval. The risk for males was 4.4 and for females 4.0/100,000. Among those 0–14 years of age, the risk was 5.0/100,000. Mean age at onset (± SD) was 14.7 ± 6.9 for males and 12.5 ± 5.7 for females. Males showed marked seasonal variation in risk and a more than threefold increase in annual incidence during 1984–1985. In contrast, females exhibited a stable pattern of IDDM risk during the 10-year interval.

CONCLUSIONS
The incidence rate in Barbados falls near the lower limits of rates reported for Caribbean populations. There was a marked seasonal effect among males, even though the climate varies little throughout the year. This observation, and the incidence peak during 1984–1985, provide support for the role of environmental factors in the etiology of IDDM.
Low-Birth-Weight Infants Show Earlier Onset of IDDM
Authors: Khan Naznin , Couper Jennifer J 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE
Pancreatic β-cell mass increases rapidly during gestation and early infancy. Infants who are small for gestational age, which is a marker for poor intrauterine nutrition, have reduced β-cell mass. We examined whether weight and length in early infancy, and in inference β-cell mass, is related to age at onset of insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data from infant records of 232 patients with IDDM, including birth weight, birth length, gestational age, weight at 6 months of age, and feeding history during the first 6 months of life, were analyzed. Maternal recall was not used for data collection.

RESULTS
Low-birth-weight infants (&lt;2.5 kg) showed a significantly earlier onset of diabetes (4.3 [3.2–6.0] years vs. 9.0 [5.3–11.8] years, median [25–75th percentile]; P &lt; 0.0001). Infants small for gestational age also had earlier onset than those with birth weight above the 10th percentile after correction for gestational age (6.2 [3.6–10.5] vs. 9.2 [5.4–11.8] years; P &lt; 0.0001). Infants with corrected birth weight: length ratio below the 10th percentile had earlier onset, as did infants with corrected 6-months weight below the 10th percentile (4.9 [2.8–6.0] years vs. 8.8 [5.2–11.8] years; P &lt; 0.0001). Infants who were exclusively breast-fed for 6 months showed a slightly later onset of diabetes than those who were bottle- or mixed-fed, independent of weight (9.4 [5.0–11.3] years vs. 8.3 [4.2–11.7] years; P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Weight and growth parameters in utero and early infancy may influence the age at onset of IDDM. β-cell mass is likely to be a significant factor.
Physical Activity and Fibrinogen Concentration in Newly Diagnosed NIDDM
Authors: Vanninen Esko , Laitinen Jaana , Uusitupa Matti 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether plasma fibrinogen concentration is correlated with the level of physical activity and aerobic power in patients with newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied 78 middle-aged (54 ± 6 years, mean ± SD), obese (body mass index [BMI] 32 ± 5 kg/m2) patients (45 men and 33 women) before and after a 12-month treatment period consisting of either conventional treatment given by community health centers or intensified dietary and exercise education given by a university outpatient clinic. Plasma fibrinogen concentration was measured by using a coagulometer. Physical activity was assessed by a questionnaire, and the patients were classified into a sedentary group or moderately or intensively exercising groups. Aerobic power (maximum oxygen uptake [], anaerobic threshold []) was measured by direct breath-by-breath technique.

RESULTS
At baseline, the sedentary patients had higher fibrinogen concentration than those with moderate or high physical activities (3.8 ± 0.8 vs. 3.3 ± 0.7 g/I, P &lt; 0.01). Both and (ml · min−1 · kg−1) showed an inverse linear correlation with fibrinogen (r = -0.38, P &lt; 0.001, and r = -0.29, P &lt; 0.01, respectively). In the step wise multiple regression analysis, BMI, Vo2 max (ml/min), and smoking were the only significant independent factors explaining 23% of the variance in fibrinogen concentration. In sedentary patients, poor glycemie control was related with high fibrinogen concentration. During the follow-up period, patients maintained, on the average, good to moderate glycemie control. The originally sedentary group showed a decrease in fibrinogen concentration (to 3.3 ± 0.7 g/I, P &lt; 0.001) that reached the same level that the physically more active groups had at baseline. This change was associated with improved glycemie control, but not with any of the other assessed factors, including fatty acid composition of serum lipids reflecting dietary intake of fats.

CONCLUSIONS
In addition to BMI and smoking, low reported physical activity and low aerobic power are independently associated with high plasma fibrinogen concentration in newly diagnosed NIDDM.
Adolescent Diabetes Management and Mismanagement
Authors: Weissberg-Benchell Jill , Glasgow Allen M , Tynan W Douglas , Wirtz Philip , Turek Jane , Ward Joseph 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE
To document the existence and prevalence of adolescent-generated diabetes management techniques.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
One hundred forty-four adolescents completed the confidential questionnaire developed for this study. Glycohemo-globin was also obtained for each individual.

RESULTS
Within the 10 days before their clinic visit, many adolescents admitted to engaging in various mismanagement behaviors, with 25% admitting to missing shots. Parents tend to underestimate adolescent mismanagement. Missing shots was significantly related to poor control (P &lt; 0.01). Older adolescents engaged in more mismanagement than their younger cohorts (P &lt; 0.001). The questionnaire factored into two subscales: blatant mismanagement and faking.

CONCLUSIONS
This study shows the importance of recognizing the prevalence of mismanagement among adolescents.
Increased Plasma Levels of Immunoreactive Endothelin and von Willebrand Factor In NIDDM Patients
Authors: Morise Toshio , Takeuchi Yoshihiro , Kawano Mitsuhiro , Koni Ichiro , Takeda Ryoyu 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVES
To elucidate the significance of plasma levels of endothelin (ET) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) as possible markers for endothelial dysfunction in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Plasma levels of ET and vWE were determined in 22 NIDDM patients with or without retinopathy and 10 normal control subjects.

RESULTS
The plasma levels of immunoreactive endothelin (irET) and vWF in NIDDM patients were 0.78 ± 0.06 pmol/1 and 218.3 ± 18.4%, respectively, which represented significant (P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.01, respectively) differences from the values in the control group (0.50 ± 0.06 pmol/1 and 139.1 ± 11.1%, respectively, n = 10). However, when the diabetic patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy, the plasma levels of irET and vWF in the NIDDM patients with retinopathy were significantly higher (1.01 ± 0.07 pmol/1 and 283.0 ± 21.4%, respectively, n = 12) compared with the control group and NIDDM patients without retinopathy (0.59 ± 0.06 pmol/1 and 164.3 ± 17.0%, respectively). Plasma levels of irET showed a significant (P &lt; 0.01) positive correlation with the levels of vWF.

CONCLUSIONS
These data strongly suggest that increased plasma irET reflects the endothelial cell damage in NIDDM.
Empirical Validation for a Family-Centered Model of Care
Authors: Hanson Cindy L , De Guire Michelle J , Schinkel Angle M , Kolterman Orville G 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE
To examine whether family relations and family-life stress predict adherence behaviors and metabolic control in youths by testing a theoretically- and empirically-based model.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
HbA1c levels of 157 youths 12–20 years of age with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were evaluated, along with treatment adherence and psychosocial family data based on interviews and self-reports. A family-centered model for IDDM care was analyzed with the EQS structural modeling statistical program. An additional exploratory model including HbA1c levels 6 months earlier was also tested.

RESULTS
Positive family relations (high family cohesion and low family conflict), especially during the first years of illness, indirectly related to good metabolic control through positive adherence behaviors. High levels of family-life stress related to worse metabolic control directly, and also indirectly via poor family relations, which in turn related to poor adherence to treatment. Longer illness duration related indirectly to metabolic control via adherence to treatment. Longer illness duration also related to maternal perceptions of higher family-life stress. Older youths perceived more family-life stress as well. The older age of the youths related indirectly to poor metabolic control through its association with poor adherence behaviors and less cohesive and more conflictual family relations. Results were consistent when earlier levels of metabolic control were included in the model, except that the direct relationship between family-life stress and metabolic control became nonsignificant.

CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that a family-centered approach to diabetes care that facilitates positive family functioning and leads to lower levels of family-life stress may be useful in promoting optimal health outcomes.
Psychological Impact of Islet Cell Antibody Screening for IDDM on Children, Adults, and Their Family Members
Authors: Johnson Suzanne Bennett , Tercyak Kenneth P 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE
To describe the psychological impact of positive islet cell antibody (ICA) screening results in children and adults, as well as their parents and spouses.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The psychological impact of ICA screening results was assessed subsequent to subjects' being informed of ICA-positive (ICA+) status and was re-evaluated 4 months later. Impact was measured using the state subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for adults or the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), as well as structured interviews. A total of 34 ICA+ children, 34 ICA+ adults, 33 parents, and 25 spouses were evaluated.

RESULTS
At initial notification of ICA+ status, clinically and statistically significant anxiety was observed in ICA+ children and adults and their family members (P &lt; 0.001). Parents of ICA+ children were more anxious than spouses of ICA+ adults (P &lt; 0.05). Child and parent anxiety were significantly correlated (P &lt; 0.05); more-anxious children lived with more-anxious parents. No significant association was found between ICA+ adults' initial anxiety and their spouses' anxiety. For ICA+ participants and their family members, anxiety dissipated to normal levels in 4 months (P &lt; 0.02). ICA+ children were less likely than parents to believe they would ever develop insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Nevertheless, 52% of ICA+ children and 24% of ICA+ adults endorsed lifestyle or behavior changes as a result of their ICA+ status. Behavior change was associated with greater initial anxiety in both children and adults (P &lt; 0.05 for both).

CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that notification of ICA+ status has both emotional and behavioral impact. Initial notification of ICA+ status is associated with considerable anxiety in both ICA+ individuals and their family members. In most cases, this initial anxiety appears to dissipate to normal levels over time. However, many ICA+ individuals report initiating lifestyle or health behavior changes in an effort to delay or prevent IDDM onset.
Visceral Adiposity, Fasting Plasma Insulin, and Blood Pressure in Japanese-Americans
Authors: Boyko Edward J , Leonetti Donna L , Bergstrom Richard W , Newell-Morris Laura , Fujimoto Wilfred Y 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE
To examine the associations among blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), intra-abdominal fat, and fasting plasma insulin levels among nondiabetic subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Second- (Nisei, n = 290) and third- (Sansei, n = 230) generation Japanese-American subjects without non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were selected from a community-based study of NIDDM incidence and complications. A cross-sectional comparison of measures obtained at the baseline visit was performed. Intra-abdominal fat (IAF) area was assessed using computed tomography. Associations among blood pressure, fasting insulin, and adiposity measures were assessed by comparison of mean values and multiple linear regression analysis.
RESULTS— Hypertensive men and women had significantly higher mean IAF areas. Fasting insulin levels were somewhat higher in hypertensive subjects, with the only significant difference occurring among Sansei men. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure correlated more strongly with IAF than BMI or skinfold thicknesses among Nisei, whereas among Sansei, IAF and BMI correlated equally well with either blood pressure. Significant positive correlations were found between fasting insulin level and blood pressure among Sansei only, even after adjustment for IAF and BMI (diastolic blood pressure - insulin coefficient = 0.24, P = 0.0043; systolic blood pressure insulin coefficient = 0.36, P = 0.0025).

CONCLUSIONS
IAF correlated more strongly with blood pressure than BMI or skinfold thicknesses among older, second-generation Japanese-Americans and was positively correlated with blood pressure among Sansei independent of fasting insulin level. Fasting insulin was significantly correlated with blood pressure independent of visceral and overall adiposity among third-generation Japanese-Americans.
Low-Dose Iloprost Infusion Improves Insulin Action in Aged Healthy Subjects and NIDDM Patients
Authors: Paolisso Giuseppe , Maro Giosue Di , D'Amore Anna , Passariello Nicola , Gambardella Antonio , Varricchio Michele , D'Onofrio Felice 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of iloprost infusion on insulin action.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Thirteen healthy subjects and 13 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients matched for age (68.2 ± 0.5 vs. 67.9 ± 0.5 years, NS), gender ratio (7 men:6 women vs. 6 men:7 women), body weight, body fat distribution, arterial blood pressure, and plasma triglycéride levels (1.89 ± 0.09 vs. 1.87 ± 0.08 mmol/l, NS) were studied. In eight healthy subjects and eight NIDDM patients, we studied insulin action by euglycemic glucose clamp (insulin infusion rate 2 mU · kg−1 · min−1) along with saline and iloprost delivery (0.7 ng · kg−1 · min−1). In the other five subjects of each group, forearm blood flow and insulin-mediated glucose uptake during saline and iloprost infusion (0.7 ng · kg−1 · min1) were investigated.

RESULTS
Iloprost infusion improved insulin-stimulated whole-body glucose uptake and oxidative and nonoxidative glucose metabolism in both study groups. Forearm blood flow under basal conditions and with insulin infusion (2 mU · kg−1 · min−1) did not show any significant difference from that during saline and iloprost infusion (0.7 ng · kg−1 · min−1) in healthy subjects and diabetic patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Iloprost infusion improves insulin action in healthy subjects and NIDDM patients.
Relationship of Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Size to Plasma Lipoproteins, Obesity, ana Insulin Resistance in Japanese Men
Authors: Suehiro Tadashi , Ohguro Takashi , Sumiyoshi Ryota , Yasuoka Nobukazu , Nakauchi Yuh , Kumon Yoshitaka , Hashimoto Kozo 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE
To determine the clinical characteristics of patients with small low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles among Japanese men with mild glucose intolerance and to investigate the relationship of LDL particle size to the levels of other plasma lipoproteins, obesity, insulin resistance, and blood pressure (BP).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The subjects were 40 men with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes treated by diet alone, and 40 healthy men matched for age and body mass index (BMI) were used as control subjects. LDL particle size was measured using gradient gel electrophoresis.

RESULTS
Of the 40 patients with glucose intolerance, 19 had small LDL (particle size &lt;25.5 nm) compared with only 4 of the 40 control subjects. In the patients with small LDL, the plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B, the fasting serum immunoreactive insulin, and the waist-to-hip ratio were all higher than in the patients with normal LDL (particle size ≥25.5 nm), while the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was lower. However, there were no significant differences in BMI, BP, or insulin sensitivity in a euglycemic clamp study between the small-LDL and normal-LDL subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS
Japanese men with glucose intolerance frequently have small LDL, and this abnormality is associated with other dyslipoproteinemias and increased waist-to-hip ratio.
Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia in NIDDM With Policosanol
Authors: Torres Omayda , Agramonte A J , Illnait Jose , Ferreiro Rosa Más , Fernández Lilia , Fernández Julio C 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether elevated levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients could be decreased by policosanol, a new cholesterol-lowering drug. NIDDM predisposes patients to coronary artery disease (CAD) through the direct action of hyperglycemia on the arteries as well as the dyslipidemia induced by NIDDM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This double-blind placebo-controlled trial was performed in 29 patients with NIDDM and hypercholesterolemia. After stable glycemie control was achieved by diet and/or oral Hypoglycemic drugs, patients were instructed to follow a cholesterol-lowering diet for 6 weeks. Patients who met entry criteria received, under double-blind conditions, policosanol (5 mg) or placebo tablets twice a day for 12 weeks.

RESULTS
Policosanol (10 mg/day) significantly reduced total cholesterol by 17.5% and LDL cholesterol by 21.8% compared with baseline and placebo. Furthermore, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was raised by 11.3% (not significant), and triglycerides showed a statistically nonsignificant decrease of 6.6%. These changes in lipid profile were similar to those induced by policosanol in nondiabetic patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia.

CONCLUSIONS
Glycemie control was unaffected by treatment. No clinically or biochemically adverse effects attributable to treatment were observed. Only one patient (placebo) withdrew from the trial because of an adverse experience (erythema). We concluded that policosanol is effective and safe in patients with NIDDM and hypercholesterolemia.