bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Activatable Nanoradiosensitizer for Second Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Imaging‐Guided Safe‐Dose Synergetic Chemo‐Radiotherapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Jin Yarong , Li Dongsheng , Zheng Xiaochun , Gao Mengting , Wang Wenxuan , Zhang Xin , Kang Weiwei , Zhang Chongqing , Wu Shutong , Dai Rong , Zheng Ziliang , Zhang Ruiping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe precise theranostics of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a formidable challenge in clinical practice. Exploring novel applications of contemporary therapeutic approaches like chemo‐radiotherapy is promising as a highly effective strategy for RA. Herein, a novel activatable nanoradiosensitizer‐40 (denoted as IRnR‐40) is developed, based on encapsulating the clinically approved drugs cisplatin (DDP) and indocyanine green (ICG) within a gelatin shell to achieve second near‐infrared fluorescence (NIR‐II FL) imaging‐guided safe‐dose synergetic chemo‐radiotherapy. The high concentration of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) in the RA microenvironment plays a pivotal role in triggering the responsive degradation of IRnR‐40, leading to the rapid release of functional molecules DDP and ICG. The released ICG serves the dual purpose of illuminating the inflamed joints to facilitate accurate target volume delineation for guiding radiotherapy, as well as acting as a real‐time reporter for quantifying the release of DDP to monitor efficacy. Meanwhile, the released DDP achieves highly effective synergistic chemotherapy and radiosensitization for RA via the dual reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. To sum up, this activatable nanoradiosensitizer IRnR‐40 is believed to be the first attempt to achieve efficient NIR‐II FL imaging‐guided safe‐dose chemo‐radiotherapy for RA, which provides a new paradigm for precise theranostics of refractory benign diseases.
3D Graphene Straintronics for Broadband Terahertz Modulation
Authors: Kumar Prabhat , Šilhavík Martin , Parida Manas R. , Kužel Petr , Červenka Jiří 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe increasing utilization of terahertz (THz) bandwidth in both industrial and private sectors highlights the significance of efficient terahertz shielding and absorption devices. These devices play a crucial role in safeguarding electronic components from disruptive effects and rendering objects less detectable by radar systems. However, the limited availability of materials and devices hinders progress in this field. In this study, a strain engineering route is presented for the active control of terahertz shielding and absorption properties in 3D graphene through the application of mechanical strain. A straintronic modulator based on 3D graphene is demonstrated, capable of modulating absorption and reflection of THz radiation in real‐time over a wide range of 0.1–3 THz. The modulator can be tuned to exhibit either shielding capability with a specific shielding effectiveness of 0.3 × 105 dB cm2 g−1 or stealth characteristics with an average reflection loss of 25 dB and 99.4% absorption. These findings open new avenues for leveraging 2D materials in their 3D porous form, where strain‐induced changes in interlayer interactions enable control over the properties of these materials. This discovery unveils vast unexplored physical phenomena with immense potential for advanced THz imaging, radar, and electromagnetic applications.
Ti2CTx MXene Cathode Host for Enhanced Zinc‐Bromine Battery Performance
Authors: Guo Jiajun , Ma Guoliang , Liu Guoqiang , Dai Chunlong , Lin Zifeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐bromine batteries represent a promising large‐scale energy storage system, yet generally suffer from the dissolution of polybromides in the cathode. Currently, various nonpolar carbon materials are employed as hosts for the bromine cathode. Still, they typically exhibit weak adsorption capabilities toward polybromides. Here, a highly conductive Ti2CTx MXene synthesized through an eco‐friendly molten salt method is reported, serving as an ideal bromine cathode host material for the first time. Ti2CTx MXene shows strong chemisorptive capability to soluble polybromide species and can effectively immobilize them for enhanced coulombic efficiency and prolong cycling life of zinc‐bromine batteries. Additionally, Ti2CTx MXene enhances the reaction kinetics of the bromine cathode. Benefiting from the synergistic polybromide adsorption and catalysis effects of Ti2CTx, the dual‐plating zinc‐bromine batteries exhibit good cycle stability, with a capacity retention of 87% after 3000 cycles, outperforming traditional carbon host which fail after 2300 cycles. Meanwhile, Ti2CTx achieves a much lower polarization voltage of only 84 mV, significantly less than 240 mV observed with carbon hosts. This research highlights the potential of developing host materials with polybromide chemisorptive properties to advance the performance of zinc‐bromine batteries.
Anatomy of a mega‐radiation: Biogeography and niche evolution in Astragalus
Authors: Folk Ryan A. , Charboneau Joseph L. M. , Belitz Michael , Singh Tajinder , Kates Heather R. , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. , Guralnick Robert P. , Siniscalchi Carolina M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPremiseAstragalus (Fabaceae), with more than 3000 species, represents a globally successful radiation of morphologically highly similar species predominant across the northern hemisphere. It has attracted attention from systematists and biogeographers, who have asked what factors might be behind the extraordinary diversity of this important arid‐adapted clade and what sets it apart from close relatives with far less species richness.MethodsHere, for the first time using extensive phylogenetic sampling, we asked whether (1) Astragalus is uniquely characterized by bursts of radiation or whether diversification instead is uniform and no different from closely related taxa. Then we tested whether the species diversity of Astragalus is attributable specifically to its predilection for (2) cold and arid habitats, (3) particular soils, or to (4) chromosome evolution. Finally, we tested (5) whether Astragalus originated in central Asia as proposed and (6) whether niche evolutionary shifts were subsequently associated with the colonization of other continents.ResultsOur results point to the importance of heterogeneity in the diversification of Astragalus, with upshifts associated with the earliest divergences but not strongly tied to any abiotic factor or biogeographic regionalization tested here. The only potential correlate with diversification we identified was chromosome number. Biogeographic shifts have a strong association with the abiotic environment and highlight the importance of central Asia as a biogeographic gateway.ConclusionsOur investigation shows the importance of phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of logistically challenging “mega‐radiations.” Our findings reject any simple key innovation behind high diversity and underline the often nuanced, multifactorial processes leading to species‐rich clades.
Masticatory habits of the adult Neanderthal individual BD 1 from La Chaise‐de‐Vouthon (France)
Authors: Hernaiz‐García María , Zanolli Clément , Martín‐Francés Laura , Mazurier Arnaud , Benazzi Stefano , Sarig Rachel , Fu Jing , Kullmer Ottmar , Fiorenza Luca 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe analysis of dental wear provides a useful approach for dietary and cultural habit reconstructions of past human populations. The analysis of macrowear patterns can also be used to better understand the individual chewing behavior and to investigate the biomechanical responses during different biting scenarios. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diet and chewing performance of the adult Neanderthal Bourgeois‐Delaunay 1 (BD 1) and to investigate the relationship between wear and cementum deposition under mechanical demands.Materials and methodsThe macrowear pattern of BD 1 was analyzed using the occlusal fingerprint analysis method. We propose a new method for the bilateral measurement of the cementum volume along both buccal and lingual sides of the molar root.ResultsBD 1's anterior dentition is more affected by wear compared to the posterior one. The macrowear pattern suggest a normal chewing behavior and a mixed‐diet coming from temperate environments. The teeth on the left side of the mandible display greater levels of wear, as well as the buccal side of the molar crowns. The cementum analysis shows higher buccal volume along the molar roots.DiscussionBD1 could have been preferably chewing on the left side of the mandible. The exploitation of various food resources suggested by the macrowear analysis is compatible with the environmental reconstructions. Finally, the greater wear on the buccal side of the molar occlusal surface and the greater volume of cementum in that side of the molar roots offers a preliminary understanding about the potential correlation between dental wear and cementum deposition.
Sustainable Polymers with High Performance and Infinite Scalability
Authors: Sun Yue , Liu Ziheng , Zhang Chengjian , Zhang Xinghong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOur society has been pursuing high‐performance biodegradable polymers made from facile methods and readily available monomers. Here, we demonstrate a library of enzyme‐degradable polymers with desirable properties from the first reported step polyaddition of diamines, COS, and diacrylates. The polymers contain in‐chain ester and thiourethane groups, which can serve as lipase‐degradation and hydrogen‐bonding physical crosslinking points, respectively, resulting in possible biodegradability as well as upgraded mechanical and thermal properties. Also, the properties of the polymers are scalable due to the versatile method and the wide variety of monomers. We obtain 46 polymers with tunable performance covering high‐Tm crystalline plastics, thermoplastic elastomers, and amorphous plastics by regulating polymer structure. Additionally, the polymerization method is highly efficient, atom‐economical, quantitatively yield, metal‐ and even catalyst‐free. Overall, the polymers are promising green materials given their degradability, simple and modular synthesis, remarkable and tunable properties, and readily available monomers.
Regulating Hydrogen/Oxygen Species Adsorption via Built‐in Electric Field ‐Driven Electron Transfer Behavior at the Heterointerface for Efficient Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Yang Lei , Li Zhi , Nie Guangzhi , Cao Xuejie , Fang Zizheng , Wang Xiaojun , Ramakrishna Seeram , Long Yunze , Jiao Lifang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlkaline water electrolysis (AWE) plays a crucial role in the realization of a hydrogen economy. The design and development of efficient and stable bifunctional catalysts for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are pivotal to achieving high‐efficiency AWE. Herein, WC1‐x/Mo2C nanoparticle‐embedded carbon nanofiber (WC1‐x/Mo2C@CNF) with abundant interfaces is successfully designed and synthesized. Benefiting from the electron transfer behavior from Mo2C to WC1‐x, the electrocatalysts of WC1‐x/Mo2C@CNF exhibit superior HER and OER performance. Furthermore, when employed as anode and cathode in membrane electrode assembly devices, the WC1‐x/Mo2C@CNF catalyst exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and remarkable stability for 100 hours at a high current density of 200 mA cm−2 towards overall water splitting. The experimental characterizations and theoretical simulation reveal that modulation of the d‐band center for WC1‐x/Mo2C@CNF, achieved through the asymmetric charge distribution resulting from the built‐in electric field induced by work function, enables optimization of adsorption strength for hydrogen/oxygen intermediates, thereby promoting the catalytic kinetics for overall water splitting. This work provides promising strategies for designing highly active catalysts in energy conversion fields.
Ostwald ripening for designing time‐dependent crystal hydrogels
Authors: Liu Qianwei , Fang Yuanlai , Xiong Xinhong , Xu Weiming , Cui Jiaxi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOstwald ripening (OR), a classic solution theory describing molecular transfer from metastable crystal to stable one, is applied to design time‐dependent crystal hydrogels that can automatically change their mechanical properties. Using a system made from crosslinked polyacrylamide (PAM) and sodium acetate (NaAc), we demonstrate that metastable fibrous crystal networks of NaAc preferably form in PAM hydrogels via a polymer‐involving mismatch nucleation. These fibrous crystals would undergo OR and evolve into isolated bulk crystals, leading to a significant reduction in material rigidity (179 folds) and interfacial adhesion (20 folds). This transformation can be applied to program time‐dependent self‐recovery in shape and self‐delamination. Since OR is a ubiquitous, robust feature of various crystals, the approach reported here represents a new direction for designing advanced transient soft materials.
Expanded Azahelicenes with Large Dissymmetry Factors
Authors: Huo Gui‐Fei , Xu Wei‐Tao , Han Yi , Zhu Jun , Hou Xudong , Fan Wei , Ni Yong , Wu Shaofei , Yang Hai‐Bo , Wu Jishan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExpanded azahelicenes, as heteroanalogues of helically chiral helicenes, hold significant potential for chiroptical materials. Nevertheless, their investigation and research have remained largely unexplored. Herein, we present the facile synthesis of a series of expanded azahelicenes NHn (n=1–5) consisting of 11, 19, 27, 35, and 43 fused rings, mainly by Suzuki coupling followed by Bi(OTf)3‐mediated cyclization of vinyl ethers. The structures of NH2, NH3 and NH4 were confirmed through X‐ray crystallography analysis, and their (P)‐ and (M)‐ enantiomers were also isolated with chiral high performance liquid chromatography. The enantiomers exhibit large absorption (abs) and luminescence (lum) dissymmetry factors, with |gabs|max=0.044; |glum|max=0.003 for NH2, |gabs|max=0.048; |glum|=0.014 for NH3, and |gabs|max=0.043; |glum|max=0.021 for NH4, which are superior to their respective all‐carbon analogues.
Effect on thermal, mechanical, and biodegradable properties of plasma‐treated fish scale powder/linear low‐density polyethylene polymer composite films
Authors: Ackah Matthew Bonzu , Panickar Radhika , Rangari Vijaya K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the present work, we report the effect of low‐temperature plasma treatment on thermal, mechanical, and biodegradable properties of polymer composite blown films prepared from carp fish scale powder (CFSP) and linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE). The CFSP was melt compounded with LLDPE using a filament extruder to prepare 1, 2, and 3 wt.% of CFSP in LLDPE polymer composite filaments. These filaments were further pelletized and extruded into blown films. The blown films extruded with 1, 2, and 3 wt.% of CFSP in LLDPE were tested for thermal and mechanical properties. It was observed that the tensile strength decreased with the increased loading content of CFSP, and 1% CFSP/LLDPE exhibited the highest tensile strength. To study the effect of low‐temperature plasma treatment, 1% CFSP/LLDP polymer composite with high tensile strength was plasma treated with O2 and SF6 gas before blow film extrusion. The 1% CFSP/LLDPE/SF6‐extruded blown films showed increased thermal decomposition, crystallinity, tensile strength, and modulus. This may be due to the effect of crosslinking by the plasma treatment. The maximum thermal decomposition rate, crystallinity %, tensile strength, and modulus obtained for 1% CFSP/LLDPE/SF6 film were 500.02°C, 35.79, 6.32 MPa, and 0.023 GPa, respectively. Furthermore, the biodegradability study on CFSP/LLDPE films buried in natural soil for 90 days was analyzed using x‐ray fluorescence. The study showed an increase in phosphorus and calcium mass percent in the soil. This is due to the decomposition of the hydroxyapatite present in the CFSP/LLDPE biocomposite.
Looking for reliable species distribution models for low‐density cetacean species: Compared effectiveness of SDMs for G. griseus, G. melas, Z. cavirostris in the Mediterranean Sea based on long‐term fixed‐transect data
Authors: Arcangeli Antonella , Azzolin Marta , Babey L. , David Lea , Garcia‐Garin O. , Moulins Aurelie , Rosso Massimiliano , Scuderi Alessia , Tepsich Paola , Vighi Morgana , Orasi Arianna 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The EU regulative framework for the protection of marine biodiversity and habitats requires the assessment of species' conservation status and the identification of core habitats to design adequate conservation and management plans. However, the identification of distribution range and habitat‐use of pelagic large‐range, migratory species, such as cetaceans, is challenging.
Species distribution models (SDMs) are increasingly used in conservation planning to identify species priority areas. However, the quality of SDMs varies widely depending on the representativeness of data and the appropriateness of the modelling techniques.
Since 2007, the Fixed Line Transect Mediterranean Monitoring Network (FLT Med Net) has been continuously monitoring cetaceans throughout the year in the Mediterranean basin using passenger ferries as observation platforms that perform repetitive surveys along fixed trans‐border transects.
With the aim of defining a standard analytical approach, the data collected by the FLT Med Net on rarer Mediterranean cetacean species (i.e., Grampus griseus, Globicephala melas, Ziphius cavirostris) are used here to assess the performance of commonly used SDMs, including GLM, GAM, GAM‐Negative Binomial, GAM‐tweedy, MaxEnt and Random Forest. Models were built and evaluated using a total of 296 FLT Med Net sighting data and cross‐validated using 145 independent data points.
Under testing conditions, almost all methods exhibited good performance, with Random Forest being the best model in several cases. However, when evaluated with the independent dataset, many models yielded inconsistent results or notably low performance. Only MaxEnt demonstrated consistent efficiency and reliability in both cases, showing results less affected by unequal sampling or small sample size.
Results confirm the importance of robust standard SDM approaches based on representative data such as the FLT Med Net data to identify reliable priority areas for the species and to assess the long‐term coherence and effectiveness of spatial protection measures.
Direct C−H Sulfuration: Synthesis of Disulfides, Dithiocarbamates, Xanthates, Thiocarbamates and Thiocarbonates
Authors: Sun Qiao , Xu Yuan , Yang Liu , Zheng Chun‐Ling , Wang Guowei , Wang Hai‐Bo , Fang Zheng , Wang Chang‐Sheng , Guo Kai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn light of the important biological activities and widespread applications of organic disulfides, dithiocarbamates, xanthates, thiocarbamates and thiocarbonates, the continual persuit of efficient methods for their synthesis remains crucial. Traditionally, the preparation of such compounds heavily relied on intricate multi‐step syntheses and the use of highly prefunctionalized starting materials. Over the past two decades, the direct sulfuration of C−H bonds has evolved into a straightforward, atom‐ and step‐economical method for the preparation of organosulfur compounds. This review aims to provide an up‐to‐date discussion on direct C−H disulfuration, dithiocarbamation, xanthylation, thiocarbamation and thiocarbonation, with a special focus on describing scopes and mechanistic aspects. Moreover, the synthetic limitations and applications of some of these methodologies, along with the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future are also discussed. The majority of examples covered in this review are accomplished via metal‐free, photochemical or electrochemical approaches, which are in alignment with the overraching objectives of green and sustainable chemistry. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate recent advancements, providing valuable insights into the dynamic landscape of efficient and sustainable synthetic strategies for these crucial classes of organosulfur compounds.
Bacoside‐A repressed the differentiation and lipid accumulation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes by modulating the expression of adipogenic genes
Authors: Ramesh Thiyagarajan , Shahid Mohammad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObesity is one of the more complicated diseases, it can induce numerous life‐threatening diseases mainly diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and certain cancers. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of bacoside‐A (a dammarane‐type triterpenoid saponin derived from the plant Bacopa monniera Linn.) on the adipogenesis of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. Results of this study illustrated that bacoside‐A decreased the differentiation of 3T3‐L1 cell, as evidenced by diminution of lipid droplets, which contains triglycerides and other lipids. During the differentiation process, transcription factors, which are mainly participating in adipogenesis such us CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α (C/EBPα) and C/EBPβ, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ), and sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c), expressions were significantly suppressed by bacoside‐A. In addition, bacoside‐A showed a potent reduction in genes precise to adipocytes such as lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS), adipocyte fatty acid‐binding protein (FABP4), and leptin expressions. Further, bacoside‐A stimulated the phosphorylation of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). These results demonstrated that bacoside‐A has anti‐adipogenic effects by regulating the transcription factors involved in adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, bacoside‐A might be considered as a potent therapeutic agent for alleviating obesity and hyperlipidemia.
The clinical manifestations of hyperostosis frontalis interna: A qualitative systematic review of cases
Authors: Alvarez Luis , Corrigan William , McGonegal Caitlin , Leon Jimmy , Avila Daniela , Kane Francis , Lee Tracey 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is a condition defined as abnormal bone growth on the posterior aspect of the frontal bone. Despite uncertainties regarding its etiology and prognosis, clinicians typically consider HFI a benign pathology. There are no studies organizing all the possible manifestations of the disease. The present study aims to organize all the clinical manifestations of HFI within the current case report/series literature. A blinded PRISMA‐guided search of HFI case reports and case series yielded 43 relevant articles and provided 110 patients for analysis. The symptoms presenting alongside HFI were extracted and tabulated. We found high‐frequency clinical manifestations of HFI (>20% of patients) to include headaches, obesity, vertigo/dizziness symptoms, cognitive decline, and depression. An additional 15 symptoms were tabulated at frequencies found to be less than 20%. Based on our analysis, we suggest the constellation of high‐frequency symptoms can offer a more comprehensive clinical picture of symptomatic HFI which may be valuable to consider for clinicians and future researchers in the field of HFI.
Bilateral Harmony™ valve placement in branch pulmonary arteries
Authors: Aldoss Osamah , Porayette Prashob , Mohammad Nijres Bassel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhile newer self‐expanding pulmonic valves were primarily designed for larger right ventricular outflow tracks, there are instances where even larger anatomies cannot accommodate these devices. In this report, we describe the successful implantation of two Harmony™ valves in bilateral branch pulmonary arteries after exhausting other options.