bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary long-chain inulin reduces abdominal fat but has no effect on bone density in growing female rats
Authors: Jamieson Jennifer A. , Ryz Natasha R. , Taylor Carla G. , Weiler Hope A. 
Published: February 2008

New strategies to improve Ca absorption and bone health are needed to address the current state of osteoporosis prevention and management. Inulin-type fructans have shown great promise as a dietary intervention strategy, but have not yet been tested in a young female model. Our objective was to investigate the effect of long chain (LC) inulin on bone mineralization and density in growing, female rats, as well as the quality of growth. Weanling Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to inulin or cellulose treatments for either 4 or 8 weeks. Growth was measured weekly and quality of growth assessed using fat pad weights and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Whole body (WB) and selected regions were analysed for bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition by DXA. Serum markers of bone turnover were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Ca and P concentrations were determined in excised femurs by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Feeding inulin resulted in 4 % higher femoral weight (adjusted for body weight) and 6 % less feed intake. Inulin did not affect WB or regional BMD, but was associated with a 28 % lower parametrial fat pad mass, 21 % less WB fat mass and 5 % less WB mass. In summary, LC-inulin lowered body fat mass, without consequence to bone density in growing female rats.
Resistant carbohydrates stimulate cell proliferation and crypt fission in wild-type mice and in theApcMin/+mouse model of intestinal cancer, association with enhanced polyp development
Authors: Mandir Nikki , Englyst Hans , Goodlad Robert A. 
Published: February 2008

Fermentation of carbohydrates in the colon can stimulate cell proliferation and could thus be a cancer risk. The effects of resistant carbohydrates, i.e. those not digested and absorbed in the small intestine, on cell proliferation, crypt fission and polyp development were investigated in wild-type and adenomatous polyposis coli multiple intestinal neoplasia (ApcMin/+) mice. Fifteen 4-week-old female wild-type and fifteenApcMin/+mice were used for each group and fed a chow diet, a semi-synthetic diet or the semi-synthetic supplemented with wheat bran or an apple pomace preparation, both high in resistant carbohydrates, for 8 weeks. Tissue from all mice was used to measure cell proliferation and crypt fission and tissue from theApcMin/+mice was scored for polyp number and tumour burden. There were slight reductions in intestinal mass in the mice fed the semi-synthetic diets and this was increased by the inclusion of resistant carbohydrates. TheApcMin/+mice had elevated cell proliferation and crypt fission in the distal small intestine and colon and these were increased by the resistant carbohydrates. Bran or apple pomace significantly increased polyp number in the proximal third of the small intestine. Apple pulp more than doubled polyp number throughout the small bowel (99·2 (sem11·1)v.40·0 (sem8·2),P < 0·004). Bran and apple pomace increased polyp diameter and hence burden in the colon by 243 and 150 %, respectively (P < 0·05). In conclusion, both types of resistant carbohydrates increased polyp number and tumour burden and this was associated with elevated epithelial cell proliferation and crypt fission.
Acute induction of histone acetylation on the jejunal sucrase–isomaltase gene by dietary fructose
Authors: Honma Kazue , Mochizuki Kazuki , Goda Toshinao 
Published: February 2008

We have previously reported that dietary fructose rapidly induces jejunal sucrase–isomaltase (SI) gene expression in rats. In this study, we confirmed in mice that SI mRNA was induced 6 h after force-feeding fructose, but not glucose. Using the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we revealed that histones H3 and H4 on the promoter/enhancer regions of the SI gene in mice given fructose were highly acetylated, compared with those given glucose or water. These results suggest that acute induction of SI gene expression by dietary fructose is associated with acetylation of histones H3 and H4 on the SI gene.
Vitamin K status is associated with childhood bone mineral content
Authors: van Summeren Marieke J. H. , van Coeverden Silvia C. C. M. , Schurgers Leon J. , Braam Lavienja A. J. L. M. , Noirt Florence , Uiterwaal Cuno S. P. M. , Kuis Wietse , Vermeer Cees 
Published: February 2008

In adult bone, vitamin K contributes to bone health, probably through its role as co-factor in the carboxylation of osteocalcin. In children, the significance of vitamin K in bone-mass acquisition is less well known. The objective of this longitudinal study was to determine whether biochemical indicators of vitamin K status are related to (gains in) bone mineral content (BMC) and markers of bone metabolism in peripubertal children. In 307 healthy children (mean age 11·2 years), BMC of the total body, lumbar spine and femoral neck was determined at baseline and 2 years later. Vitamin K status (ratio of undercarboxylated (ucOC) to carboxylated (cOC) fractions of osteocalcin; UCR) was also measured at both time points. Markers of bone metabolism, sex steroids, vitamin D status and growth hormones were measured at baseline only. Large variations in the levels of the UCR were found at both time-points, indicating a substantial interindividual difference in vitamin K status. Improvement of vitamin K status over 2 years (n281 children) was associated with a marked increase in total body BMC (r− 49·1,P < 0·001). The UCR was associated with pubertal stage, markers of bone metabolism, sex hormones and vitamin D status. A better vitamin K status was associated with more pronounced increase in bone mass in healthy peripubertal children. In order to determine the significance of these findings for childhood bone health, additional paediatric studies are needed.
Comparison of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography and bioelectrical impedance analysis for the assessment of body composition in severely obese Caucasian children and adolescents
Authors: Lazzer Stefano , Bedogni Giorgio , Agosti Fiorenza , De Col Alessandra , Mornati Daniela , Sartorio Alessandro 
Published: February 2008

The objectives of the present study were to compare body composition assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in severely obese Caucasian children and adolescents and to develop and validate new equations for predicting body composition from BIA using DXA as the reference method. Body composition was assessed in fifty-eight obese children and adolescents (BMI 34·4 (sd 4·9) kg/m2) aged 10–17 years by DXA, ADP and BIA. ADP body fat content was estimated from body density using equations devised by Siri (ADPSiri) and Lohman (ADPLohman). In the whole sample, the Bland–Altman test showed that ADPSiri and ADPLohman underestimated percentage fat mass (%FM) by 2·1 (sd 3·4) and by 3·8 (sd 3·3) percent units (P < 0·001), respectively, compared to DXA. In addition, compared to DXA, BIA underestimated %FM by 5·8 (sd 4·6) percent units in the whole group (P < 0·001). A new prediction equation (FFM (kg) = 0·87 × (stature2/body impedance)+3·1) was developed on the pooled sample and cross-validated on an external group of sixty-one obese children and adolescents. The difference between predicted and measured FFM in the external group was − 1·6 (sd 2·9) kg (P < 0·001) and FFM was predicted accurately (error < 5 %) in 75 % of subjects. In conclusion, DXA, ADP and the BIA are not interchangeable for the assessment of %FM in severely obese children and adolescents. The new prediction equation offers an alternative approach to DXA for the estimation of body composition in severely obese children and adolescents.
Vitamin E supplementation may transiently increase tuberculosis risk in males who smoke heavily and have high dietary vitamin C intake
Authors: Hemilä Harri , Kaprio Jaakko 
Published: February 2008

Vitamin E and β-carotene affect the immune function and might influence the predisposition of man to infections. To examine whether vitamin E or β-carotene supplementation affects tuberculosis risk, we analysed data of the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, a randomised controlled trial which examined the effects of vitamin E (50 mg/d) and β-carotene (20 mg/d) on lung cancer. The trial was conducted in the general community in Finland in 1985–93; the intervention lasted for 6·1 years (median). The ATBC Study cohort consists of 29 023 males aged 50–69 years, smoking at baseline, with no tuberculosis diagnosis prior to randomisation. Vitamin E supplementation had no overall effect on the incidence of tuberculosis (risk ratio (RR) = 1·18; 95 % CI 0·87, 1·59) nor had β-carotene (RR = 1·07; 95 % CI 0·80, 1·45). Nevertheless, dietary vitamin C intake significantly modified the vitamin E effect. Among participants who obtained 90 mg/d or more of vitamin C in foods (n13 502), vitamin E supplementation increased tuberculosis risk by 72 (95 % CI 4, 185)%. This effect was restricted to participants who smoked heavily. Finally, in participants not supplemented with vitamin E, dietary vitamin C had a negative association with tuberculosis risk so that the adjusted risk was 60 (95 % CI 16, 81) % lower in the highest intake quartile compared with the lowest. Our finding that vitamin E seemed to transiently increase the risk of tuberculosis in those who smoked heavily and had high dietary vitamin C intake should increase caution towards vitamin E supplementation for improving the immune system.
Relationship between eating behaviours and food and drink consumption in healthy postmenopausal women in a real-life context
Authors: Goulet Julie , Provencher Véronique , Piché Marie-Ève , Lapointe Annie , John Weisnagel S. , Nadeau André , Bergeron Jean , Lemieux Simone 
Published: February 2008

Associations between eating behaviours and dietary variables have not been thoroughly investigated in healthy postmenopausal women in a real-life uncontrolled context. To investigate how eating behaviours (cognitive dietary restraint, disinhibition and susceptibility to hunger) were associated with food and drink consumption, energy density and meal pattern in 112 healthy postmenopausal women (age 56·8 (sd4·4) years) not on hormonal therapy. Women completed a 3 d weighed food record and filled out the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. The sample was divided according to the median of the distribution of cognitive dietary restraint and disinhibition (9 and 6 respectively). Both subgroups of women with high restraint level (presenting either high or low disinhibition) consumed a diet with a lower energy density than subgroups of women with lower restraint level. Women with high restraint–low disinhibition had a lower consumption of red meat and processed meat and a lower consumption of diet soft drinks than women with low restraint–high disinhibition. They were also characterised by a higher intake of whole grains than women with high restraint–high disinhibition and than women with lower restraint level (with either high or low disinhibition). Women with high restraint–high disinhibition levels showed differences in dietary variables when compared with subgroups of women with lower restraint level, namely for refined grains and diet soft drinks. We conclude that in healthy postmenopausal women, dietary consumption of specific food and drink may be related to particular eating behaviours. Women with high restraint and low disinhibition levels generally showed the most healthy dietary pattern.
Dominance, activity density and prey preferences of rove beetles (Coleoptera:Staphylinidae) in conventionally treated Hungarian agro-ecosystems
Authors: Balog A. , Markó V. , Szarvas P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractField experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanism underlying patterns of the rove beetle populations in apple and pear orchards (1998–2002) and winter wheat (2006–2007) in Hungary following treatment with broad-spectrum insecticide. The capacity of predatory staphylinid species to feed on cereal pests was measured, with six species tested in petri dishes, in the laboratory at room temperature. Almost 23% of the Hungarian and 13% of the European staphylinid fauna are represented in the investigated agro-ecosystems. In orchards, 5236 individuals, belonging to 253 species, were collected. The most widely occurring wereOmalium caesumGravenhorst,Drusilla canaliculata(F.),Dinaraea angustula(Gyllenhal),Palporus nitidulus(F.),Xantholinus. longiventris(Olivier),X. linearis(Olivier) andAleochara bipustulata(L.). In winter wheat, 798 individuals and 20 species were collected, the most frequent wereStaphylinus caesareusCederh,Tachyporus hypnorum(F.),Philonthus cognatus(Stephens),Aloconota gregaria(Erichson),Tachyporus chrysomelinus(L.) andT. obtusus(L.). Species composition differed by crop (apple, pear and wheat), soil composition and surrounding habitat. Species diversity was also influenced by these parameters. In wheat, one acute change in species composition was observed with the decline ofTachyporusspp., which occurred equally across all farms. The consumption rate of prey by the dominant species occurring in wheat ecosystems was relatively high; however, we did not offer any fungal food to compare with insects' prey.
Rapid method for the detection of storage mites in cereals: feasibility of an ELISA based approach
Authors: Dunn J.A. , Thind B.B. , Danks C. , Chambers J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the development of rapid immunodiagnostic tests for the detection of storage mite infestations in cereals and cereal products. The study's first phase (proof of concept) involved the production of a species-specific enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for the flour mite, Acarus siro (L.), a major pest of stored commodities. The specificity of this new assay was assessed against key stored product contaminants (13 species of mites of which three were predatory, five species of insects and five species of fungi) in the presence and absence of grain. The assay was species-specific (no cross-reactivity to other storage contaminants) and was unaffected by the presence of cereal antigens in the extract. In the study's second phase, species- and genera-specific ELISAs were developed for a range of key storage mite pests: the cosmopolitan food mite (Lepidoglyphus destructor), the grocers' itch mite (Glycyphagus domesticus), the grainstack mite (Tyrophagus longior), mites of the Tyrophagus and Glycyphagus generas, and all storage mites. All tests were demonstrably specific to target species or genera, with no cross-reactions observed to other storage pest contaminants or cereals. The final, validation phase, involved a comparative assessment of the species-specific A. siro and the genus-specific Tyrophagus ELISAs with the flotation technique using laboratory and field samples. Both ELISAs were quantitative (0–30 mites per 10 g wheat) and produced good comparative data with the flotation technique (A. siro r2=0.91, Tyrophagus spp. r2=0.99).
Stability of spinosad resistance inFrankliniella occidentalis(Pergande) under laboratory conditions
Authors: Bielza P. , Quinto V. , Grávalos C. , Fernández E. , Abellán J. , Contreras J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe stability of spinosad resistance in western flower thrips (WFT),Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande), populations with differing initial frequencies of resistance was studied in laboratory conditions. The stability of resistance was assessed in bimonthly residual bioassays in five populations with initial frequencies of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% of resistant individuals. There were no consistent changes in susceptibility of the susceptible strain after eight months without insecticide pressure. In the resistant strain, very highly resistant to spinosad (RF50>23,000-fold), resistance was maintained up to eight months without further exposure to spinosad. In the absence of any immigration of susceptible genes into the population, resistance was stable. In the case of the population with different initial frequency of resistant thrips, spinosad resistance declined significantly two months later in the absence of selection pressure. With successive generations, these strains did not change significantly in sensitivity. Spinosad resistance inF. occidentalisdeclined significantly in the absence of selection pressure and the presence of susceptible WFT. These results suggest that spinosad resistance probably is unstable under field conditions, primarily due to the immigration of susceptible WFT. Factors influencing stability or reversion of spinosad resistance are discussed.
Enhanced activity of carbohydrate- and lipid-metabolizing enzymes in insecticide-resistant populations of the maize weevil,Sitophilus zeamais
Authors: Araújo R.A. , Guedes R.N.C. , Oliveira M.G.A. , Ferreira G.H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractInsecticide resistance is frequently associated with fitness disadvantages in the absence of insecticides. However, intense past selection with insecticides may allow the evolution of fitness modifier alleles that mitigate the cost of insecticide resistance and their consequent fitness disadvantages. Populations ofSitophilus zeamaiswith different levels of susceptibility to insecticides show differences in the accumulation and mobilization of energy reserves. These differences may allowS. zeamaisto better withstand toxic compounds without reducing the beetles' reproductive fitness. Enzymatic assays with carbohydrate- and lipid-metabolizing enzymes were, therefore, carried out to test this hypothesis. Activity levels of trehalase, glycogen phosphorylase, lipase, glycosidase and amylase were determined in two insecticide-resistant populations showing (resistant cost) or not showing (resistant no-cost) associated fitness cost, and in an insecticide-susceptible population. Respirometry bioassays were also carried out with these weevil populations. The resistant no-cost population showed significantly higher body mass and respiration rate than the other two populations, which were similar. No significant differences in glycogen phosphorylase and glycosidase were observed among the populations. Among the enzymes studied, trehalase and lipase showed higher activity in the resistant cost population. The results obtained in the assays with amylase also indicate significant differences in activity among the populations, but with higher activity in the resistant no-cost population. The inverse activity trends of lipases and amylases in both resistant populations, one showing fitness disadvantage without insecticide exposure and the other not showing it, may underlay the mitigation of insecticide resistance physiological costs observed in the resistant no-cost population. The higher amylase activity observed in the resistant no-cost population may favor energy storage, preventing potential trade-offs between insecticide resistance mechanisms and basic physiological processes in this population, unlike what seems to take place in the resistant cost population.
Seasonal responses and genotype-by-season interactions for the growth dynamic and development traits of peanut
Authors: PHAKAMAS N. , PATANOTHAI A. , PANNANGPETCH K. , JOGLOY S. , HOOGENBOOM G. 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYInformation on the interactions between genotypes and environments for physiological traits of peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) is limited. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of seasons and genotype×season (G×S) interactions for dynamic growth and development traits of peanut. Fifteen peanut lines varying in maturity duration, seed type and yield level were grown in a field experiment at the Khon Kaen University in Northeast Thailand during the 2002 and 2003 rainy seasons and the 2003 and 2004 dry seasons. Data were recorded on phenological development stages, pod yield and final biomass, and leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), pod growth rate (PGR), partitioning coefficient (PC), pod harvest index (HI), shelling percentage, and specific leaf area (SLA) were determined. Seasonal effects were found for all development and growth traits of the test peanut lines. Crop duration for the dry season was much longer than for the rainy season because of low temperatures during the early growth stage, causing a delay in flowering and a longer period of pod formation. The test peanut lines showed small differences in the duration of vegetative development and pod formation, but varied greatly in the seed filling duration. This period also showed the greatest differential responses to seasons between the peanut genotypes. Crop yields for the 2003 rainy and the 2004 dry seasons were much lower than for the other two seasons because of late leaf spot disease in the 2003 rainy season and cool temperatures at flowering in the 2004 dry season, resulting in poor pod setting, low PGR and low HI. The test peanut lines differed considerably in pod and biomass yields and all the growth traits measured. Significant G×S interactions were also found for all of these traits, though were much smaller than season effect. Regression analyses identified PGR as the dominant physiological trait determining the G×S interaction for pod yield. Exploring marker-assisted selection for this trait is suggested.
A rare case of Proteus syndrome
Authors: Zingade N D , Zingade N N 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIntroduction:We report a rare case of Proteus syndrome which presented with dysphagia due to unilateral tonsillar hypertrophy.Case report:Our case had involvement of multiple organs in addition to bony deformities, namely, enlarged right parotid gland and right testis, verrucous naevus, varicose veins and abdominal lipoma. The features unique to this case were a larger right optic disc and expansion of the inner table of the skull.Discussion:A literature review revealed less than 100 bona fide, published cases which fit the revised diagnostic criteria proposed by Turner.Summary:The ENT manifestations of Proteus syndrome are high arched palate, gingival hypertrophy, malocclusion and overcrowding of teeth, hyperostosis of the external auditory meatus, and low nasal bridge. Our patient had a unilateral enlargement of the tonsil causing dysphagia, which was relieved by tonsillectomy.
Hearing loss and fluctuating hearing levels in X-linked hypophosphataemic osteomalacia
Authors: Pantel G , Probst R , Podvinec M , Gürtler N 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground and objective:X-linked hypophosphataemic osteomalacia is the most common of the genetically determined forms of osteomalacia. The occurrence of hearing loss in X-linked hypophosphataemic osteomalacia has been known since 1984. However, observations on the progression of such hearing loss, and suggestions regarding possible therapy, have not previously been published.Methods:Case report of a patient with X-linked hypophosphataemic osteomalacia and hearing loss, with three years' audiological follow up, description of empirical therapy and literature review.Results:The patient presented with fluctuating hearing. An audiogram showed mild to severe sensorineural hearing loss mainly in the low and high frequencies. A temporary improvement of 20–40 dB after steroid therapy was observed. Four weeks later, hearing had deteriorated again, mainly in the low frequencies. After one year of fluctuating hearing levels, stabilisation occurred.Conclusions:In X-linked hypophosphataemic osteomalacia, hearing loss occurs predominantly in the low and high frequencies. The hearing loss type and progression pattern point to an endolymphatic hydrops as the pathogenetic mechanism. Steroid therapy may be of some benefit.