bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfur Amino Acids in Cushing’s Disease: Insight in Homocysteine and Taurine Levels in Patients with Active and Cured Disease
Authors: Faggiano Antongiulio , Melis Daniela , Alfieri Raffaele , De Martino MariaCristina , Filippella Mariagiovanna , Milone Francesco , Lombardi Gaetano , Colao Annamaria , Pivonello Rosario 
Published: December 2005

Background: Cushing’s syndrome is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Although a series of cardiovascular risk factors have been identified, sulfur amino acids (SAAs), recently indicated as independent cardiovascular risk factors, have been poorly investigated in patients with Cushing’s syndrome.
Aim: The aim of this cross-sectional controlled study was to evaluate serum and urinary levels and urinary excretion rate (ER) of SAAs in patients with Cushing’s disease (CD) during the active disease and after long-term disease remission.
Subjects and Methods: Forty patients with CD (20 with active disease and 20 with cured disease for at least 5 yr) and 40 controls entered the study. Serum and urinary concentrations and urinary ER of SAAs, namely methionine, cystine, homocysteine, and taurine, were measured by means of cationic exchange HPLC. Serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels were also evaluated in patients and controls and correlated to SAA levels.
Results: CD patients with active disease had higher serum and urinary concentrations of cystine and homocysteine, and lower serum and higher urinary concentrations and ER of taurine than cured patients and controls. Vitamin B12 levels were significantly decreased in patients with active disease compared with cured patients and controls, whereas folic acid levels were slightly decreased in patients than in controls. In patients with active CD, urinary cortisol concentrations were significantly and inversely correlated to serum taurine and directly correlated to taurine urinary ER, and fasting serum glucose levels were significantly correlated to taurine urinary ER. At the multiple regression analysis, urinary cortisol concentrations were the best predictors of taurine ER.
Conclusions: CD is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia and hypotaurinemia. Glucocorticoid excess, acting directly or indirectly, seems to be the most responsible for this imbalance in SAA levels. The long-term disease remission is accompanied by normalization of SAA levels. Hyperhomocysteinemia and hypotaurinemia might contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk of CD.
Lower Incidence of Symptomatic Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage owing to Ruptured Vertebrobasilar Aneurysms
Authors: Hirashima Yutaka , Kurimoto Masanori , Hori Emiko , Origasa Hideki , Endo Shunro 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
In this study, we evaluated the difference in incidence of symptomatic vasospasm between ruptured aneurysms in the anterior and posterior circulation using multiple logistic regression analysis.

METHODS:
A total of 145 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for aneurysms within 72 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were studied.

RESULTS:
The ruptured aneurysm was in the anterior circulation in 128 patients (88.3%) and in the posterior circulation in 17 patients (11.7%). Forty patients (27.6%) had symptomatic vasospasm and 105 patients (72.4%) did not. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess relationships among various variables and the occurrence of symptomatic vasospasm after SAH. Finally, Grade III to V (Hunt and Hess grade) and Group 3 (Fisher's classification) on admission were found to be independently positively associated with the occurrence of symptomatic vasospasm while ruptured vertebrobasilar aneurysm were negatively associated.

CONCLUSION:
Although a poor clinical grade and a severe SAH classification on admission such as Hunt and Hess grade and Fisher's classification are established powerful predictors of symptomatic vasospasm, ruptured vertebrobasilar aneurysm are for the first time reported to be a predictor of symptomatic vasospasm based on results of a recent reliable statistical analysis.
Efficient Peroxide Decoloration of C.I. Acid Orange 7 Catalyzed by Manganese Mesoporphyrin Dimer Derivatives in Micellar Solutions
Authors: Kondo Masaharu , Kawashima Noriyoshi , Mitsui Tatsuro , Ito Shingo , Ishigure Syuichi , Hashimoto Takafumi , Umemura Ryoko , Dewa Takehisa , Yamashita Keiji , Mino Hiroyuki , Itoh Shigeru , Nango Mamoru 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Manganese mesoporphyrin derivatives with hydrogen peroxide efficiently catalyzed the decoloration of C.I. Acid Orange 7 in micellar solutions under mild conditions such as pH 8.0 and 25 °C. The maximum peroxide oxidation rate was observed for histidine-linked manganese mesoporphyrin dimer in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelle.
Self-assembled Nanocages of Anthracene by Liquid–Liquid Interface Recrystallization Technique
Authors: Hawaldar Ranjit , Jadkar Sandesh , Kale Bharat , Mulik Uttam , Sathaye Shivram , Amalnerkar Dinesh 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Nanoparticulate films of anthracene were formed by liquid–liquid interface recrystallization technique at the water surface by spreading 0.2 mL of precursor solution (anthracene/benzene/CCl4) containing 10−5 M anthracene solution in benzene. XRD confirmed the presence of monoclinic anthracene. TEM and AFM investigations revealed the formation of nanocages presumably by interlocking of anthracene chains in spontaneously self-assembled process. The optical spectrum for such nanoparticulate films displays 3 excitonic features that are signatures of anthracene molecule.
Facile Synthesis of Narrowly Dispersed Silver Nanoparticles in Hydrogel
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Xudong , Zhao Baohui , Li Chenxi 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
A novel method to prepare narrowly dispersed silver nanoparticles in hydrogel is reported. Gelator, the conjugate of cholic acid and polyethylene glycol 400, was used to form the gel, and it acted not only as the stabilizer preventing the silver particles from further growth and aggregation, but also as a reducing agent. Through this single-step synthesis, narrowly dispersed Ag nanoparticles were obtained in the hydrogel system at ambient temperature. The approach here is simple, economical, and environmentally benign.
Simple Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Monolayer Film
Authors: Matsui Jun , Iko Manabu , Inokuma Nobuhiro , Orikasa Hironori , Mitsuishi Masaya , Kyotani Takashi , Miyashita Tokuji 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
We report a simple fabrication method for creating a monolayer film of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The MWCNTs, which were synthesized using alumina template method, was dispersed in aqueous ethanol solution. Then toluene was added to the dispersion. After sonicating the solution, the MWCNTs form a monolayer at the liquid–liquid interface. The monolayer was transferred onto a solid substrate using simple dipping method. An AFM image showed the formation of a densely packed MWCNT monolayer film.
Capture‐Related Stressors Impair Immune System Function in Sablefish
Authors: Lupes Sarah C. , Davis Michael W. , Olla Bori L. , Schreck Carl B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria is a valuable North Pacific Ocean species that, when not targeted in various commercial fisheries, is often a part of discarded bycatch. Predictions of the survival of discarded fish are dependent on understanding how a fish responds to stressful conditions. Our objective was to describe the immunological health of sablefish exposed to capture stressors. In laboratory experiments designed to simulate the capture process, we subjected sablefish to various stressors that might influence survival: Towing in a net, hooking, elevated seawater and air temperatures, and air exposure time. After stress was imposed, the in vitro mitogen‐stimulated proliferation of sablefish leukocytes was used to evaluate the function of the immune system in an assay we validated for this species. The results demonstrated that regardless of fishing gear type, exposure to elevated seawater temperature, or time in air, the leukocytes from stressed sablefish exhibited significantly diminished proliferative responses to the T‐cell mitogen, concanavalin A, or the B‐cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide. There was no difference in the immunological responses associated with seawater or air temperature. The duration and severity of the capture stressors applied in our study were harsh enough to induce significantly elevated levels of plasma cortisol and glucose, but there was no difference in the magnitude of levels among stressor treatments. These data suggest that immunological suppression occurs in sablefish subjected to capture‐related stressors. The functional impairment of the immune system after capture presents a potential reason why delayed mortality is possible in discarded sablefish. Further studies are needed to determine whether delayed mortality in discarded sablefish can be caused by increased susceptibility to infectious agents resulting from stressor‐mediated immunosuppression.
Highly Efficient Pure‐White‐Light‐Emitting Diodes from a Single Polymer: Polyfluorene with Naphthalimide Moieties
Authors: Tu G. L. , Mei C. Y. , Zhou Q. G. , Cheng Y. X. , Geng Y. H. , Wang L. X. , Ma D. G. , Jing X. B. , Wang F. S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractLight‐emitting diodes exhibiting efficient pure‐white‐light electroluminescence have been successfully developed by using a single polymer: polyfluorene derivatives with 1,8‐naphthalimide chromophores chemically doped onto the polyfluorene backbones. By adjusting the emission wavelength of the 1,8‐naphthalimide components and optimizing the relative content of 1,8‐naphthalimide derivatives in the resulting polymers, white‐light electroluminescence from a single polymer, as opposed to a polymer blend, has been obtained in a device with a configuration of indium tin oxide/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)(50 nm)/polymer(80 nm)/Ca(10 nm)/Al(100 nm). The device exhibits Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.32,0.36), a maximum brightness of 11 900 cd m–2, a current efficiency of 3.8 cd A–1, a power efficiency of 2.0 lm W–1, an external quantum efficiency of 1.50 %, and quite stable color coordinates at different driving voltages, even at high luminances of over 5000 cd m–2.
Multifaceted and Nanobored Particle Arrays Sculpted Using Colloidal Lithography
Authors: Choi D.‐G. , Jang S. G. , Kim S. , Lee E. , Han C.‐S. , Yang S.‐M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA novel method of fabricating multifaceted and nanobored particle arrays via colloidal lithography using colloidal‐crystal layers as masks for anisotropic reactive‐ion etching (RIE) is reported. The shape of the sculpted particles is dependent on the crystal orientation relative to the etchant flow, the number of colloidal layers, the RIE conditions, and the matrix (or mask) structure in colloidal lithography. Arrays of non‐spherical particles with sculpted shapes, which to date could not otherwise be produced, are fabricated using a tilted anisotropic RIE process and the layer‐by‐layer growth of a colloidal mask. These non‐spherical particles and their ordered arrays can be used for antireflection surfaces, biosensors, and nanopatterning masks, as well as non‐spherical building blocks for novel colloidal crystals. In addition, polymeric particles with patterned holes of controlled depths obtained by the present method can be applied to the fabrication of functional composite particles.
Polymer Nanofibers and Nanotubes: Charge Transport and Device Applications
Authors: Aleshin A. N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA critical analysis of recent advances in the synthesis and electrical characterization of nanofibers and nanotubes made of different conjugated polymers is presented. The applicability of various theoretical models is considered in order to explain results on transport in conducting polymer nanofibers and nanotubes. The relationship between these results and the one‐dimensional (1D) nature of the conjugated polymers is discussed in light of theories for tunneling in 1D conductors (e.g., Luttinger liquid, Wigner crystal). The prospects for nanoelectronic applications of polymer fibers and tubes as wires, nanoscale field‐effect transistors (nanoFETs), and in other applications are analyzed.
Polymer flocculation of calcite: Experimental results from turbulent pipe flow
Authors: Heath Alex R. , Bahri Parisa A. , Fawell Phillip D. , Farrow John B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe kinetics of aggregation/breakage of calcite particles flocculated with a high‐molecular‐weight polymer flocculant has been studied in turbulent pipe flow. The mean flocculation residence time was varied by changing the length of pipe between the flocculant injection point and the in‐stream particle‐sizing probe (Lasentec FBRM). A variety of pipe sizes and flow rates were used to produce a range of mean fluid shear rates. The mean shear rate was calculated from the pressure drop along the pipe reactor, as measured by manometer, and was found to vary markedly as a function of both the solid fraction and aggregate size. Increased fluid shear increased the initial mixing and aggregation rates, but ultimately lead to a reduced final aggregate size due to increased aggregate breakage. Several other process variables were also studied, with the aggregate size increased with flocculant dosage and primary particle size, but reduced at higher solid fraction. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Monitoring a crystallization induced by compressed CO2 with Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Vega‐González Arlette , Marteau Philippe , Subra‐Paternault Pascale 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe application of on‐line Raman spectroscopy for detecting and monitoring a CO2 antisolvent process (GAS) is explored for the first time. Griseofulvin precipitations were carried out in a batch vessel from an acetone liquor, in which the CO2 was introduced at specific rates. Changes of griseofulvin and acetone concentrations upon addition of CO2 were monitored through specific wavenumbers at different pressurization rates (0.10 and 0.45 MPa/min) and courses (continuous or stepwise introduction, final pressure of 10 or 4.8 MPa). The ratio between the solute and solvent signals allowed for accurately detecting the onset of crystallization, for monitoring the depletion of the solution in solute as a function of time, and for estimating the mass of precipitated solids during the crystallization course. Moreover, the Raman spectroscopy provided experimental evidence of the predicted scenario of a crystallization induced by supercritical fluid. © 2005 American Institute of Chemcial Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Expression and genetic variability of PCDH11Y, a gene specific to Homo sapiens and candidate for susceptibility to psychiatric disorders
Authors: Durand Christelle M. , Kappeler Caroline , Betancur Catalina , Delorme Richard , Quach Hélène , Goubran‐Botros Hany , Melke Jonas , Nygren Gudrun , Chabane Nadia , Bellivier Franck , Szoke Andrei , Schurhoff Franck , Rastam Maria , Anckarsäter Henrik , Gillberg Christopher , Leboyer Marion , Bourgeron Thomas 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSynaptogenesis, the formation of functional synapses, is a crucial step for the development of the central nervous system. Among the genes involved in this process are cell adhesion molecules, such as protocadherins and neuroligins, which are essential factors for the identification of the appropriate partner cell and the formation of synapses. In this work, we studied the expression and the genetic variability of two closely related members of the protocadherin family PCDH11X/Y, located on the X and the Y chromosome, respectively. PCDH11Y is one of the rare genes specific to the hominoid lineage, being absent in other primates. Expression analysis indicated that transcripts of the PCDH11X/Y genes are mainly detected in the cortex of the human brain. Mutation screening of 30 individuals with autism identified two PCDH11Y polymorphic amino acid changes, F885V and K980N. These variations are in complete association, appeared during human evolution approximately 40,000 years ago and represent informative polymorphisms to study Y chromosome variability in populations. We studied the frequency of these variants in males with autism spectrum disorders (n = 110), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 61), bipolar disorder (n = 61), obsessive‐compulsive disorder (n = 51), or schizophrenia (n = 61) and observed no significant differences when compared to ethnically‐matched control populations. These findings do not support the role of PCDH11Y, or more generally of a frequent specific Y chromosome, in the susceptibility to these neuropsychiatric disorders. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automated sequence screening of the entire dystrophin cdna in Duchenne dystrophy: Point mutation detection
Authors: Hamed Sherifa Ahmed , Hoffman Eric P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis is the first report of direct sequencing of the complete 11 kb coding sequence of the dystrophin gene affording high sensitivity for all types of mutations of both coding sequence and splicing. Direct automated capillary gel sequence analysis of dystrophin reverse‐transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) products was carried out in 15 Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patient muscle biopsies (170,000 bp sequenced). We identified mutations in 67% of patients tested (10/15); including premature stop codons (n = 5) and small deletions/duplications (n = 5). Mutation‐negative patients (n = 5) were also negative for promoter mutations. All were tested for the possibility of transcription abnormalities using quantitative multiplex fluorescence polymerase chain studies (QMF‐PCR), however, equal ratios of mRNA transcripts were identified at the 5′and 3′ regions, with mild reduction in overall quantity, suggesting that transcription abnormalities were less likely. We suggested that such patients might have a problem with the 3.5 kb 3′ UTR, polyA site or undetected stop codons. It is also possible that splicing defects could result in addition of intron sequence which could lead to preferential amplification of low level residual normal transcript skipping. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phylogenetic analysis of major African genotype (Af2) of JC virus: Implications for origin and dispersals of modern Africans
Authors: Takasaka Tomokazu , Kitamura Tadaichi , Sugimoto Chie , Guo Jing , Zheng Huai‐Ying , Yogo Yoshiaki 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBoth mtDNA and the Y chromosome have been used to investigate how modern humans dispersed within and out of Africa. This issue can also be studied using the JC virus (JCV) genotype, a novel marker with which to trace human migrations. Africa is mainly occupied by two genotypes of JCV, designated Af1 and Af2. Af1 is localized to central/western Africa, while Af2 is spread throughout Africa and in neighboring areas of Asia and Europe. It was recently suggested that Af1 represents the ancestral type of JCV, which agrees with the African origin of modern humans. To better understand the origin of modern Africans, we examined the phylogenetic relationships among Af2 isolates worldwide. A neighbor‐joining phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the complete JCV DNA sequences of 51 Af2 isolates from Africa and neighboring areas. According to the resultant tree, Af2 isolates diverged into two major clusters, designated Af2‐a and ‐b, with high bootstrap probabilities. Af2‐a contained isolates mainly from South Africa, while Af2‐b contained those from the other parts of Africa and neighboring regions of Asia and Europe. These findings suggest that Af2‐carrying Africans diverged into two groups, one carrying Af2‐a and the other carrying Af2‐b; and that the former moved to southern Africa, while the latter dispersed throughout Africa and to neighboring regions of Asia and Europe. The present findings are discussed with reference to relevant findings in genetic and linguistic studies. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Who were the ancient Egyptians? Dental affinities among Neolithic through postdynastic peoples
Authors: Irish Joel D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractQualitative and quantitative methods are employed to describe and compare up to 36 dental morphological variants in 15 Neolithic through Roman‐period Egyptian samples. Trait frequencies are determined, and phenetic affinities are calculated using the mean measure of divergence and Mahalanobis D2statistics for discrete traits; the most important traits in generating this intersample variation are identified with correspondence analysis. Assuming that the samples are representative of the populations from which they derive, and that phenetic similarity provides an estimate of genetic relatedness, these affinities are suggestive of overall population continuity. That is, other than a few outliers exhibiting extreme frequencies of nine influential traits, the dental samples appear to be largely homogenous and can be characterized as having morphologically simple, mass‐reduced teeth. These findings are contrasted with those resulting from previous skeletal and other studies, and are used to appraise the viability of five Egyptian peopling scenarios. Specifically, affinities among the 15 time‐successive samples suggest that: 1) there may be a connection between Neolithic and subsequent predynastic Egyptians, 2) predynastic Badarian and Naqada peoples may be closely related, 3) the dynastic period is likely an indigenous continuation of the Naqada culture, 4) there is support for overall biological uniformity through the dynastic period, and 5) this uniformity may continue into postdynastic times. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling and remodeling responses to normal loading in the human lower limb
Authors: Drapeau Michelle S.M. , Streeter Margaret A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractLimb bones are designed to be strong enough to support the body and yet be energetically conservative during locomotion. Bones of the distal segment, which are relatively costly to move, are often more slender than bones of the proximal segments, even though they must sustain proportionally greater loads. As a result, they are expected to experience a higher incidence of microdamage. With this constraint in mind, Lieberman and Crompton (1998 Principles of Animal Design, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 78–86) proposed that bones response to strain varies along the proximo‐distal axis of the limb. In order to avoid fatigue fractures due to the accumulation of microdamage, the distal segment, in comparison to the proximal segment, will have an increase in remodeling events to replace damaged bone. In this paper, we test the hypothesis of Lieberman and Crompton (1998) with respect to the human lower limb. With a sample of adult individuals, we compare tibiae and femora for mid‐diaphyseal cross‐sectional geometry and Haversian remodeling differences. Our results indicate that the human limb is not designed like that of quadrupedal cursorial animals. The tibia is not less resistant in bending and torsion, and does not remodel more than the femur. Our findings fail to support the hypothesis of Lieberman and Crompton (1998) and suggest, instead, that the human lower limb is not designed like a cursorial animal limb. In addition, our results support previous observations that remodeling is not uniform within the cross section of a bone, probably a reflection of different loading histories within the different regions of the cross section. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.