bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐frequency microtremor anomalies at an oil and gas field in Voitsdorf, Austria
Authors: Lambert Marc‐André , Schmalholz Stefan M. , Saenger Erik H. , Steiner Brian 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTResults of a passive microtremor survey at an oil and gas field in Voitsdorf, Austria, are presented. The survey consists in six parallel profiles approximately 9 km long over two hydrocarbon reservoirs. For each profile the seismic wavefield was recorded synchronously at 11 in‐line stations. The measurements were conducted with broadband seismometers and lasted, for each profile, at least 12 hours overnight. Data interpretation is based on a comprehensive data set and on the analysis of four different spectral attributes. These attributes quantify the characteristic features of the wavefield's Fourier spectra in the low‐frequency range (<10Hz). One attribute quantifies the spectral energy in the vertical wavefield component, another attribute quantifies the maxima in vertical‐to‐horizontal spectral ratios and two attributes describe the frequency shifts of peaks within the spectra of vertical and horizontal wavefield components. Due to temporal variations of the signals we combine the long‐term measurements (several hours of continuous records) of multiple profiles. This procedure considerably enhances the consistency of each spectral attribute and makes them suitable to quantify lateral variations of the wavefield. The results show that using a combination of several attributes significantly increases the reliability of detecting anomalies in the microtremor wavefield that are presumably caused by hydrocarbon reservoirs. A numerical study of two‐dimensional seismic wave propagation is applied to investigate the peak frequency shift attributes. The results of the study indicate that the attributes may contain information on the depth of hydrocarbon reservoirs, assuming that the reservoir acts as a (secondary) source of low‐frequency seismic waves.
Colonization and extinction patterns of wood‐decaying fungi in a boreal old‐growthPicea abiesforest
Authors: Jönsson Mari T. , Edman Mattias , Jonsson Bengt Gunnar 
Published: July 2008

SummaryWood‐decaying fungi are ubiquitous and functionally important organisms within forest ecosystems world‐wide, but remarkably little is known of their population dynamics in relation to the dynamics of their host substrates. Living in transient environments, where local extinctions are caused by gradual substrate (patch) destruction or deterioration due to wood decomposition, the long‐term persistence of these species requires successful colonization of new patches.During a 6‐year period, we examined the colonization–extinction dynamics of wood‐decaying fungi (Aphyllophorales:PolyporaceaeandCorticiaceae) in relation to the spatiotemporal distribution of host logs within a boreal old‐growth Norway spruce (Picea abies) forest.The dynamics of the species studied were strongly influenced by both local log characteristics (within patch) and connectivity (between patch). Several species (e.g.Asterodon ferruginosus,Phellinus ferrugineofuscus,P. viticola,Phlebia centrifuga) showed a positive effect of connectivity, mainly colonizing logs in the vicinity of previously occupied logs. This implies that some wood‐decaying fungi may be dispersal limited in terms of successful colonizations. The relative importance of patch conditions and connectivity was however, highly species specific.Our results further illustrate the importance of life‐strategies adopted by species that are present during different stages of wood decomposition. Early colonizers were primarily affected by the stage of decomposition; secondary colonizers were affected by a variety of within patch and/or between patch variables, maintaining high species coexistence within intermediate stages of decay.Phellinus nigrolimitatuswas the dominant polyporous decayer at the final stages of decomposition, clearly gaining a competitive advantage from specializing on highly decomposed wood and having very low mean annual mortality rates.Local extinction rates were higher on small diameter logs than large diameter logs, and generally increased as decay proceeded, illustrating the importance of deterministic patch destruction due to wood decomposition.Synthesis. The fungi‐log study system was highly dynamic, illustrating that both characteristics and spatiotemporal availability of logs are important in explaining the distribution patterns and population dynamics of wood‐decaying fungal communities. The result implies that the dynamics of some wood‐decaying fungi can be characterized as patch‐tracking metapopulations, with connectivity‐dependent colonizations and local extinctions caused by the turnover of the patches.
Demography of perennial grassland plants: survival, life expectancy and life span
Authors: Lauenroth William K. , Adler Peter B. 
Published: July 2008

Summary

Survival, life expectancy and life span are key demographic parameters that are essential for understanding life‐history evolution and forecasting population dynamics, but empirical data on these parameters is extremely limited for herbaceous species.
We used long‐term data from annually mapped permanent quadrats in a Kansas, USA, grassland to estimate survival, life expectancy and life span for 29 perennial forbs (herbaceous dicots) and 11 perennial grasses. In the cases of both forbs and grasses, they were the most common species at the research site.
We developed computer programs to track the identity of individual genets based on their spatial locations in the permanent quadrats. The programs distinguished between new recruits and surviving individuals, and calculated the ages and life spans of the survivors.
Most herbaceous perennials die young; life expectancy at age 1 year ranged from 0.6 to 6.5. However, forbs are more likely to die young than grasses. Survival from age 1 to 2 years for forbs ranged from 0.11 to 0.49 with an average of 0.30, whereas for grasses it ranged from 0.30 to 0.63 with an average of 0.44. Maximum observed life spans ranged from 3 to 25 years for forbs and 5 to 39 years for grasses.
All species tended towards Type III survivorship curves, but grasses were more strongly Type III while many forbs had relatively constant survival rates with age. Therefore, population models must account for increasing survival with age, especially for grasses.
Age was a better predictor of grass survival than size, raising questions about the use of size‐based methods to indirectly estimate survival and life span.
Maximum observed life span was positively and significantly related with species importance.
Synthesis. The higher survival, life expectancy and life span of grasses compared to forbs may provide a demographic explanation for community‐level differences in the dominance and turnover of these two functional groups in grassland plant communities.
Adapting Webster‐Stratton's incredible years parent training for children with developmental delay: findings from a treatment group only study
Authors: McIntyre L. L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground  Children with intellectual or developmental disabilities (ID/DD) are more likely than typically developing children to experience behaviour problems. Parent training, such as the Incredible Years Parent Training (IYPT) series, has been a widely used intervention to support families with children with or at‐risk for behaviour problems; yet to date, this programme has not been used with parents with young children with developmental delay or disabilities.Method  This preliminary treatment group only study assessed the feasibility of implementing a modified parent training programme (IYPT‐DD) with 25 families with 2–5‐year‐old children with developmental delay. Intervention consisted of 12 weekly (2.5 h) sessions with topics covering developmentally appropriate play, praise, rewards, limit setting and handling challenging behaviour.Results  Results suggest preliminary evidence of efficacy in reducing negative parent and child behaviour and increasing parental perceptions of child positive impact.Conclusions  This study provides evidence for the feasibility of the DD modifications applied to the IYPT. Although this approach is promising, additional evidence is needed to address the efficacy of IYPT‐DD in children with developmental delay.
Life events as a risk factor for psychological problems in individuals with intellectual disabilities: a critical review
Authors: Hulbert‐Williams L. , Hastings R. P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground Stressful life events such as bereavement, moving house and changing jobs have repeatedly been implicated as risk factors for mental and physical ill health. Since the 1940s, researchers have demonstrated the negative effects of stressful life events, refined methods of recording such events and investigated the relative impact of different types of event. These investigations have generally not extended to include people with intellectual disabilities.Methods We conducted a narrative review of research on life events as they occur to people with intellectual disabilities and critically assessed the evidence that life events function as a risk factor for psychological problems. Evidence was reviewed for an association between life events and a range of outcome variables, including affective disorders, challenging behaviour, psychosis and psychological problems more generally. We also critiqued the methodology behind the current evidence base and discussed a number of methodological advances that would help to strengthen it.Conclusions There is reasonable evidence that life events are associated with psychological problems, and that there is some tentative evidence that life events play a causal role, although to date, no relationship with psychosis in people with intellectual disabilities has been demonstrated. Life events are likely to be pertinent in clinical work with people with intellectual disabilities.
Rapid global spread of two aggressive strains of a wheat rust fungus
Authors: HOVMØLLER MOGENS S. , YAHYAOUI AMOR H. , MILUS EUGENE A. , JUSTESEN ANNEMARIE F. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRust fungi can overcome the effect of host resistance genes rapidly, and spores can disperse long distance by wind. Here we demonstrate a foreign incursion of similar strains of the wheat yellow rust fungus, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, in North America, Australia and Europe in less than 3 years. One strain defined by identity at 15 virulence loci and 130 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fragments was exclusive to North America (present since 2000) and Australia (since 2002). Another strain of the same virulence phenotype, but differing in two AFLP fragments, was exclusive to Europe (present since 2000–2001) as well as Western and Central Asia and the Red Sea Area (first appearance unknown). This may be the most rapid spread of an important crop pathogen on the global scale. The limited divergence between the two strains and their derivatives, and the temporal–spatial occurrence pattern confirmed a recent spread. The data gave evidence for additional intercontinental dispersal events in the past, that is, many isolates sampled before 2000 in Europe, North America and Australia had similar AFLP fingerprints, and isolates from South Africa, which showed no divergence in AFLP, differed by only two fragments from particular isolates from Central Asia, West Asia and South Europe, respectively. Previous research has demonstrated that isolates of the two new strains produced up to two to three times more spores per day than strains found in USA and Europe before 2000, suggesting that increased aggressiveness at this level may accelerate global spread of crop pathogens.
The Schizosaccharomyces pombe Map4 adhesin is a glycoprotein that can be extracted from the cell wall with alkali but not with β‐glucanases and requires the C‐terminal DIPSY domain for function
Authors: Sharifmoghadam Mohammad Reza , Valdivieso M.‐Henar 
Published: July 2008

SummaryIn fungi, cell adhesion is required for flocculation, mating and virulence, and it is mediated by covalently bound cell wall proteins termed adhesins. Map4, an adhesin required for mating in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is N‐glycosylated and O‐glycosylated, and is an endogenous substrate for the mannosyl transferase Oma4p. Map4 has a modular structure with an N‐terminal signal peptide, a serine and threonine (S/T)‐rich domain that includes nine repeats of 36 amino acids (rich in serine and threonine residues, but lacking glutamines), and a C‐terminal DIPSY domain with no glycosylphosphatidyl inositol (GPI)‐anchor signal. Map4 can be extracted from cell walls with SDS/mercaptoethanol sample buffer or with mild alkali solutions. After extensive extraction with hot sample buffer, no more protein can be released by β‐glucanases or alkali. Additionally, none of the cysteine residues of the protein is required for its retention at the cell wall. These results show that Map4 is not directly bound to β‐glucans and point to the existence of alkali‐ and SDS/mercaptoethanol‐sensitive linkages between cell wall proteins. The N‐terminal S/T‐rich regions are required for cell wall attachment, but the C‐terminal DIPSY domain is required for agglutination and mating in liquid and solid media.
The bacterial replisome: back on track?
Authors: Bates David 
Published: July 2008

SummaryIt has been postulated that bacterial DNA replication occurs via a factory mechanism in which unreplicated DNA is spooled into a centrally located replisome and newly synthesized DNA is discharged towards opposite cell poles. Although there is considerable support for this view, it does not fit with many key observations. I review new findings, and provide alternative interpretations for old findings, which challenge this model. As a whole, current data suggest that the replisome, at least in slowly growing Escherichia coli cells, tracks along a stationary chromosome. These replisomes are not stationary, tethered or restricted in their movement, but rather travel throughout the nucleoid. One possibility is that the replisome navigates along a chromosome made up of looped domains as has been previously envisioned.
Defence Responses of Calli and Seeds of Hevea brasiliensis to Zoospores and the Elicitin of Phytophthora palmivora
Authors: Chirapongsatonkul Nion , Nak‐udom Penmart , Churngchow Nunta 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe defence responses of calli and seeds of two cultivars (resistant; BPM‐24 and susceptible; RRIM600) of the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis, against zoospores and elicitin purified from its pathogen, Phytophthora palmivora, were investigated. Both zoospores and elicitin induced the biosynthesis of the phytoalexin, scopoletin (Scp), in Hevea calli ranging from 5 × 105 to 4.5 × 106 zoospores/ml and 0.5 to 2 μg elicitin/g fresh weight of calli. At the highest concentration of zoospores (4.5 × 106 zoospores/ml) or elicitin (2 μg/g fresh weight of calli), the rate of Scp production was fastest but then it rapidly decreased and produced lower peak value than detected at the optimum concentration. The decline of Scp level at the highest zoospore/elicitin concentration was correlated to the amount of cell death measured by Evans Blue method. Peroxidase (POD) activities in Hevea calli were also measured using the optimum level of zoospores or elicitin. Induction of Scp preceded the production of Scp POD and o‐dianisidine POD then followed by the guaiacol POD. The Scp and POD accumulations were approximately two to three times higher in the resistance cultivar than those in the susceptible one. As the responses of the calli to elicitin were faster than those to the zoospores, it demonstrates that zoospores require more time to act on the host cells. The pattern of Scp and POD activities monitored in elicitin‐treated Hevea seeds was similar to that of Hevea calli after treating with zoospores or elicitin. Therefore, the callus cultures could be used as a tool for studying other defence mechanisms in H. brasiliensis. The achieved knowledge will be applied to enhance resistance and led to the protection of Hevea young seedlings from the pathogen in the plantation.
Re‐identification of clinical isolates of the Pseudallescheria boydii‐complex involved in near‐drowning
Authors: Tintelnot Kathrin , Wagner N. , Seibold Michael , De Hoog G. S. , Horré Regine 
Published: July 2008

SummaryFungal infections caused by the members of the genera Pseudallescheria and/or Scedosporium are important complications in patients after near‐drowning. As the taxonomy of Pseudallescheria and Scedosporium has been revised, clinical isolates from 11 patients, after near‐drowning, previously identified as P. boydii or S. apiospermum had to be re‐identified. S. apiospermum, now separated from P. boydii as a distinct species, was found most frequently (n = 8), while S. aurantiacum, recently described as new species and P. boydii were less common (n = 2 and n = 1, respectively). Three patients near‐drowned during the Tsunami 2004 were infected by different species of the P. boydii complex. In vitro testing resulted in lowest minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) for voriconazole (range 0.25–2.0 μg ml−1).
Was bieten Candida‐Biofilme Besonderes? Something special of Candida biofilms?
Authors: Bernhardt H. , Knoke M. 
Published: July 2008

ZusammenfassungWir untersuchten in einem miniaturisierten Flusszellsystem den Einfluss von Voriconazol (VCZ) in 27 Versuchen oder von Anidulafungin (ANID) in fünf Versuchen auf die antimykotische Resistenz von C. albicans (Typenstamm SC5314 und drei Stämme aus Blutkulturen). Die Versuche dauerten bis zu 10 Tagen. Nach der kontinuierlichen Zugabe von VCZ oder ANID zum Medium verminderte sich die Biomasse und stiegen die Glucose‐ und pH‐Werte an. Nach der Einwirkung von VCZ fiel das Trockengewicht der Biomasse um 90% ab. Es gab keinen Hinweis auf Resistenz. Keine Resistenz entwickelte sich auch gegen ANID nach einem Einfluss von ein oder drei Tagen Dauer. Nach fünf Tagen wurden in den Biofilmen keine lebenden Zellen mehr nachgewiesen. VCZ und ANID inhibierten also effektiv die Biofilmformierung durch verschiedene C. albicans‐Stämme. Unsere Versuche zeigen, dass die Biofilmbildung nicht unbedingt mit einer Resistenzentwicklung verknüpft sein muss.
Molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci for field resistance to Fusarium head blight in a European winter wheat population
Authors: Schmolke M. , Zimmermann G. , Schweizer G. , Miedaner T. , Korzun V. , Ebmeyer E. , Hartl L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB), one of the most destructive diseases of wheat in many parts of the world, can reduce the grain quality due to mycotoxin contamination up to rejection for usage as food or feed. Objective of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with FHB resistance in the winter wheat population ‘G16‐92’ (resistant)/‘Hussar’. In all, 136 recombinant inbred lines were evaluated in field trials in 2001 and 2002 after spray inoculation with a Fusarium culmorum suspension. The area under disease progress curve was calculated based on the visually scored FHB symptoms. For means across all environments two FHB resistance QTL located on chromosomes 1A, and 2BL were identified. The individual QTL explained 9.7% and 14.1% of the phenotypic variance and together 26.7% of the genetic variance. The resistance QTL on 1A coincided with a QTL for plant height in contrast to the resistance QTL on 2BL that appeared to be independently inherited from morphological characteristics like plant height and ear compactness. Therefore, especially the QTL on 2BL could be of great interest for breeding towards FHB resistance.
Conversion of the RAPD OPC021150 marker of the Rfo restorer gene into a SCAR marker for rapid selection of oilseed rape
Authors: Mikolajczyk K. , Dabert M. , Nowakowska J. , Podkowinski J. , Poplawska W. , Bartkowiak‐Broda I. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe Rfo fertility restorer gene for the Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) applied for oilseed rape hybrid seed production can be monitored with the use of the RAPD OPC021150 marker while molecular breeding. The aim of this work was to convert the RAPD marker into a more suitable SCAR marker. Total DNA was isolated from a doubled haploid line derived from the line BO20 (INRA, France). A fragment of 1150‐bp linked to the Rfo gene was PCR amplified with the use of the RAPD OPC02 primer, cloned and sequenced. A pair of primers was designed and PCR amplification was performed to develop a SCAR marker for the Rfo gene. The new marker was applied for analysis of 220 oilseed rape lines comprising doubled haploid and inbred restorer lines, restored hybrids as well as F1 and F2 recombinant generations involving restorer lines. Simultaneously, the RAPD OPC02 marker was used and it revealed that the markers are equivalent to each other. However, the developed new SCAR marker has made the analysis more practical, rapid and efficient.
Influence of Heat Stress on the Cortisol and Oxidant‐Antioxidants Balance During Oestrous Phase in Buffalo‐Cows (Bubalus bubalis): Thermo‐protective Role of Antioxidant Treatment
Authors: Megahed GA , Anwar MM , Wasfy SI , Hammadeh ME 
Published: July 2008

ContentsIn the present study, the effect of heat stress, which is commonly observed in the animals of Upper Egypt area in summer, as well as the effect of antioxidant treatment as a thermo‐protective was examined. In this study, the animals (n = 120) were divided into winter group (n = 40, bred during winter) and summer group (n = 80, bred during summer) as well as, animals in the summer group were divided into first subgroup animals (n = 40) and injected with Viteselen intramuscularly (15 ml) twice weekly for 10 weeks and second subgroup animals (n = 40) were not treated (as control). Serum levels of progesterone (P4), oestradiol (E2), cortisol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidase (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured. The pregnancy rate of all animals was detected rectally. The levels of oestradiol and the activity of the antioxidant SOD were decreased in serum of animals in behavioural oestrus during summer as compared with those in winter. During the same time period the levels of oxidants such as LPO and NO were increased in the serum of animals again in the phase of oestrus. In another group of animals treated by intramuscular injection with 15 ml viteselen (antioxidant) twice weekly for 6 weeks during hot months, the activities of serum SOD showed an increase and the levels of oxidants and cortisol decreased. Moreover, the levels of oestradiol were increased during the oestrous behaviour. The pregnancy rate was decreased in animals under heat stress and the pregnancy rate was enhanced dramatically when these animals received antioxidants during the heat stress. This means that the heat‐stress in Upper Egypt may affect the fertility of animals and pregnancy rate and this effect may be through an increased production of free radicals and decreased production of antioxidants as well as increased levels of cortisol. Treatment of animals or supplementation with antioxidants before the beginning of months of heat‐stress and also during the stress period may correct the infertility due to heat‐stress through the decrease in cortisol secretion and a decrease in the oxidative stress. These results resulted in an increase in pregnancy rate in treated animals.