bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPES AND HLA SPECIFICITIES ON SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE DISEASE
Authors: Granoff Dan M. , Boies Eyla , Squires Janet , Pandey Janardan P. , Suarez Brian , Oldfather John , Rodey Glenn E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYGenes associated with immunoglobulin (Ig) allotype determinants are important in regulation of immune responses to bacterial polysaccharides. Furthermore, loci associated with Ig allotypes have been reported to interact with those associated with the major histocompatibility complex and affect susceptibility to certain diseases. In the present study we determined the frequencies of certain Gm phenotypes in patients with Haemophilus meningitis or epiglottitis and in controls. HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DR specificities had previously been determined in the majority of these subjects. Although no Ig phenotype was associated with increased or decreased relative risk of disease, the frequencies of several combinations of HLA specificities and Ig phenotypes were significantly different from those of controls. Thus, for subjects with the Gm phenotype (1, 3, 17; 23; 5, 13, 21), the risk of Haemophilus meningitis or epiglottitis was lower in individuals with HLA‐B5 than in those without this specificity (odds ratio <0.1, P < 0.004). In contrast, for subjects with the closely related Gm phenotype differing only by the absence of Gm(23), (1, 3, 17; 5, 13, 21), the risk of disease was higher in those with HLA‐DR3 than in individuals who lacked DR3 (odds ratio = 11.0, P = 0.02). Although the present data require confirmation in an independent sample, they suggest that complex interactions between genes at two independent loci controlling HLA and Ig allotypes, respectively, may affect susceptibility to Haemophilus disease
ALLOGENEIC REACTIVITY IN NORMAL MOUSE SERUM
Authors: Lynes Michael A. , Flaherty Lorraine , Michaelson James , Collins Jeffrey J. , Rinchik Eugene M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYNormal C57BL/6 (B6) mouse serum was tested in the direct cytotoxicity assay for specific reactivity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated mouse spleen cells. Selective reactivity was found in weanling and adult serum against lymphoblasts from mice that express an antigen encoded by the H‐2Kk region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Other strains, congenic with B6 at the MHC, did not exhibit the same alloreactivity. Serum from mice of a congenic strain being derived in our laboratory, which differs from B6 at two unlinked loci, Tla and nu, exhibited similar reactivity against the B6‐H‐2k LPS‐stimulated lymphoblasts, implying that a competent T cell compartment is not necessary for generation of this reactivity. Such reactivities may result from environmental stimulation of the immune system, from internal immuno‐regulatory controls, or from some combination of these immune stimuli
MOLECULAR GENETIC ANALYSES OF THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX IN PIG FAMILIES AND RECOMBINANTS
Authors: Chardon P. , Renard Ch. , Kirszenbaum M. , Gefotin Cl , Cohen D. , Vaiman M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYFive HLA probes, one corresponding to class I genes, two corresponding to distinct class II light chain genes, DRβ and DQβ, and two to class II heavy chain genes, DRα and DQα, were used to analyse the genomic DNA of the pig. Three informative SLA typed families and fourSLArecombinants were studied by Southern blot analysis. About 16 restriction fragments, generated by EcoR 1 or Hind III endonucleases, were revealed for each individual, either with the class I probe or the DRβ probe. The number of restriction fragments which hybridized with the other probes was generally lower. Several restriction fragment‐length polymorphisms were found and these segregated withSLADRβ‐ and DQα‐like genes are probably tightly clustered within theSLA‐D‐MLRregion.
CHARACTERIZATION OF A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY THAT RECOGNIZES A DETERMINANT UNIQUE TO HUMAN HAEMOGLOBIN β‐CHAIN
Authors: Krco C. J. , Gorzynski T. J. , Beito T. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYMethodologies are described for the production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human haemoglobin. Three monoclonal antibodies are described, two of which recognize distinct determinants on the α‐chain subunit. A third monoclonal antibody, Hb‐2d, recognizes a determinant expressed on human β‐chain. The Hb‐2d determinant is shared by human and baboon haemoglobins, but is not expressed by haemoglobins from beef, goose, pig, rabbit, sheep, dog, rat or mouse. Monoclonal antibody Hb‐2d will bind to haemoglobin A2 but not to foetal haemoglobin suggesting that δ‐ but not γ‐chain also expresses the Hb‐2d determinant. The results of testing a limited panel of human haemoglobin variants is presented.
INTERPLAY OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN G HEAVY CHAIN MARKERS (Gm) AND HLA IN PREDISPOSING TO SYSTEMIC LUPUS NEPHRITIS
Authors: Stenszky V. , Kozma L. , Szegedi G. , Farid N. R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYWe have studied the distribution of IgG heavy chain markers (Gm) among 90 Hungarian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (55 of whom were also typed for HLA). This study confirms previously described increases in HLA‐B8 and DR3 in this condition. No difference in the distribution of Gm phenotypes was found between patients and 168 controls from the same geographical area. HLA‐B8/Gm homozygous individuals were, however, at greater risk for SLE (relative risk = 5.13) compared to B8+Gm heterozygotes or B8− individuals, irrespective of Gm phenotype. When patients with renal manifestation (n= 40) were compared to those without, the Gm phenotype 3; 5, 13 was found to be significantly increased (x2= 10.36, P < 0.0001, relative risk (RR) = 4.69). HLA and Gm increased additively the risk for renal manifestations in that for those patients who were both Gm3;5,13+ and HLA‐B8+, PR was 110, while it was 21.2 for Gm3;5, 13−/B8+, 7.9 for Gm3;5, 13+/B8− and 1.0 for Gm3;5, 13−/B8− patients. The study suggests that combined HLA and Gm typing can be used to identify SLE patients at high risk for manifesting renal abnormalities.
MURINE EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA CELLS EXPRESS CLASS I MHC‐LIKE ANTIGENS
Authors: Stern P. L. , Bereword N. , Bell S. M. , Thompson S. , Jones K. , Mellor A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYPrevious work has concluded that murine embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, the oncogenic stem cells of teratocarcinomas, do not express class‐I, H‐2K or D/L gene encoded products. Experiments using cell‐mediated lysis, serological and molecular biological approaches show that EC cells do express some major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or class I‐like molecules.
HETEROGENEITY OF THE EXPRESSION OF CLASS I AND II HLA ANTIGENS IN HUMAN BREAST CARCINOMA
Authors: Perez M. , Cabrera T. , Lopez Nevot M. A. , Gomez M. , Peran F. , Ruiz‐Cabello F. , Garrido F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYHLA class I and II antigen expression was studied in 19 cases of primary infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. An indirect immunofluorescence technique was used on cryostat sections with monoclonal antibodies directed against HLA class I and II monomorphic determinants. Of the 19 cases studied, 17 were positive for class I antigen expression and two were negative. Class I HLA antigen expression was found to be clearly heterogeneous: in ten of these tumours more than 75% of the cells were class I positive; in two the percentage was decreased to between 50% and 75%; in five tumours it was less than 50%. With respect to class II HLA antigen expression, eight breast tumours were totally negative while two were strongly positive. (50‐75%) and the nine remaining cases were less than 25% positive.In addition, radioassay techniques were employed to determine the presence of oestrogen and progestagen receptors. The distribution of these receptors was not correlated with HLA class I or II antigen expression, nor could any relationship be demonstrated between the degree of histological differentiation of the tumours and their invasiveness.
EQUINE LEUCOCYTE ANTIGEN SYSTEM. IV. RECOMBINATION WITHIN THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (MHC)
Authors: Lazary S. , Dubath M.‐L. , Luder Ch. , Gerber H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA case of recombination between the putative class I ELA antigen series and the strudure(s) governing mixed lymphocyte reactivity in an informative horse family is described. The results of serological typing, ‘lysostripping’ and mixed lymphocyte culture tests strongly suggest that the recombination took place between two loci and is not intragenic. An alloantigenic membrane structure, provisionally called B1, which does not belong to the known ELA series, was also involved in the cross‐over. The B1 antigen resembles the class II gene products of other species in two respects: it is not present on platelets, and doantiserum with specificity for B1 inhibits the stimulatory effect of B1‐carrying cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures. The B1 antigen does not follow the classical distribution, however, being expressed on both B and T lymphocytes. The finding of separate loci for the first series of ELA antigens and the MLR governing structure(s) demonstrates the similarity of the genetic organization of the horse MHC to that in other species.
ABROGATION OF LETHAL GRAFT‐VERSUS‐HOST REACTION DIRECTED AGAINST NON‐H‐2 ANTIGENS: ROLE OF Mlsa AND K/I REGION ANTIGENS IN THE INDUCTION OF UNRESPONSIVENESS BY ALLOIMMUNIZATION
Authors: Halle‐Pannenko O. , Pritchard L. L. , Festenstein H. , Berumen L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA graft‐versus‐host reaction (GVHR) directed against DBA/2 non‐H‐2 antigens alone can be induced by grafting B10.D2 bone marrow and spleen cells intravenously to heavily irradiated, H‐2d compatible (DBA/2 x B10.D2)F1 adult mice. Under the experimental conditions used, only 0‐l0% of recipients survive, but the survival is greatly increased by donor alloimmunization, a few days prior to grafting, against host‐specific (DBA/2) non‐H‐2 antigens and non‐specific (foreign) H‐2 antigens. The increased survival is mediated by alloimmunization‐activated suppressor cells which can decrease the intensity of the immune reaction developed by normal B10.D2 cells both in vivo (GVHR) and in vitro (proliferative response measured in mixed lymphocyte culture, MLC). The present experiments were designed to explore the antigenic requirements for inducing suppression. The results showed that in GVHR the protective effect induced by donor alloimmunization against the specific non‐H‐2 antigens, which leads to 70‐80% survival, is due primarily, if not entirely, to immunization against Mls2 antigens. Results of MLC experiments confirmed this conclusion, showing that immunization against Mlsa antigens is sufficient to account for the suppressive effect induced by the specific immunization. In addition, they indicated that the nonspecific protective effect induced by donor alloimmunization against foreign H‐2 antigens, which leads to 20‐30% survival, is due to immunization against antigens encoded by the K and/or I region(s) of the H‐2 complex; immunization against D region encoded antigens alone has no effect.
GENETIC INFLUENCE ON THE SERUM LEVELS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING HUMAN IGG ANTIBODIES TO DIETARY ANTIGENS: QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT FROM A TWIN STUDY
Authors: Husby S. , Schultz Larsen F. , Petersen P. Hyltoft 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSerum IgG antibodies to ovalbumin (OA) and beta‐lactoglobulin (BLG) were quantified by ELISA techniques in 22 monozygotic (MZ) and 24 dizygotic (DZ) healthy twin pairs. Antibody levels were comparable in the MZ and DZ groups both for anti‐OA and anti‐BLG antibodies. The genetic variance (ĜWT) was 0.167 for log IgG anti‐OA antibodies, and 0·173 for log IgG anti‐BLG antibodies, with heritability estimates of 0·44 and 0·37, respectively. No indication was observed of genotype–environmental interaction or differential environmental covariance for the log antibody levels in the MZ and DZ twins. The anti‐OA and anti‐BLG antibody levels in the same individual correlated only to a low degree. The levels of naturally occurring serum IgG antibodies are significantly influenced by genetic factors.
MURINE CANDIDIASIS: III. HOST INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES ARE REGULATED IN PART BY CLASS I MHC GENES
Authors: Ashman R. B. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYHost responses to experimental Candida albicans infection in mice have been shown previously to be regulated by genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Results reported here show that at least part of this control can be mapped to class I MHC genes.
A REAPPRAISAL OF Mls GENETICS
Authors: Abe R. , Hodes R. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAlthough the minor lymphocyte stimulatory locus (Mls) system was originally described as a single‐locus, multiple‐allelic system, allelism among the genes which encode Mlsa, Mlsc and Mlsd has not been demonstrated formally. In this report, genetic linkage between genes encoding Mlsa and Mlsc was studied by testing responses of unprimed T cells, as well as Mlsa‐ and Mlsc‐specific T cell clones, to the progeny of (AKR/J × C3H/HeJ) F1× B10.BR [(Mlsa×Mlsc)F1×Mlsb] crosses. In addition, the configuration of Mls genes expressed by CBA/J (Mlsd) was evaluated by examining the response pattern of a panel of Mlsd‐specific clones to (CBA/J × B10.BR)F1× B10.BR stimulators. Results of these segregation analyses indicated that the Mls system is composed of at least two independent and unlinked genes which encode, respectively, the determinants identified as Mlsa and Mlsc.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF Mlsx TO Mlsc
Authors: Abromson‐Leeman S. R. , Laning J. C. , Crowell J. , Dorf M. E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAmong T cell clones with specificity for cow insulin and autologous class II MHC products, a significant number displayed interesting patterns of alloreactivity to non‐MHC antigens. Four clones are described in this report. One is a typical Mlsa‐reactive clone, while the other three proliferate to a variety of allogeneic spleen cells with reportedly different Mls phenotypes. These include PL/J stimulator cells, designated Mlsx all strains reported to be Mlsc, and several strains previously typed as Mlsa. Little is known about Mlsx except that it does not appear to be cross‐reactive with Mlsa. In this report, therefore, we attempt to investigate the reasons why these clones seem to be stimulated by a variety of different Mls phenotypes. Our conclusions are, first, that some of the strains previously typed as Mlsa may actually express a second Mls product, either c or x, in a manner analogous to the CBA/J strain (which expressess both Mlsa and Mlsc), and second, that Mlsc and Mlsx are cross‐reactive. In preliminary experiments, we investigate the genetic relationship between Mlsc and Mlsx by analysis of backcrosses, and the extent of cross‐reactive recognition of Mlsc and Mlsx by raising T cell clones which recognize one but not the other. Our preliminary conclusion is that Mlsc and Mlsx are cross‐reactive, but represent distinct gene products.
Mls AND THE HELPER T‐CELL REPERTOIRE I. Mls as a regulator of T‐helper cell activation
Authors: Hämmerling U. , Toulon M. , Palfree R. G. E. , Hoffmann M. K. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYWe provide evidence that the Mls reaction involves a broad cross‐section of the helper cell population. In addition to those cells reacting overtly to Mls stimulatory spleen cells, there is a second large population of helper cells that are affected by an Mls difference. This latent Mls effect is manifested by either synergy or antagonism in mitogen‐mediated, Ia‐dependent T‐cell activation, depending on Mlsa or Mlsb phenotypes of stimulator cells, respectively. Our data can be explained by attributing to Mls alleles the function of differential regulation of autoreactivity of T cells. The results show that the concept of the Mls exerting a negative signal deserves serious consideration.
EXPRESSION OF HUMAN CD4 BY TWO HUMAN‐MOUSE INTERLINEAGE HYBRIDS
Authors: Taylor G. M. , Morten J. E. N. , Morten H. , Dodge A. B. , Rldway J. C. , Jones P. M. , Harris R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTwo hybrid cell lines expressing human CD4 were prepared by fusing human B‐lymphoid cells with the mouse T‐lymphoma BW5147. Hybrid TF42 was derived from a human B‐lymphoblastoid line and TF53.1 from a human B‐ALL. Variants of these hybrids expressing or lacking CD4 were isolated by sorting cells stained with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) OKT4 on a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS). Cytogenetic, isoenzyme and DNA analysis confirmed the presence of human chromosome 12 in the CD4+ hybrids, and revealed that CD4 expression by TF42 was associated with multiple copies of this chromosome. Of seventy mAb recognizing human T‐cell antigens screened on the CD4+ and CD4− variants of the two hybrids, only mAb recognizing CD4 and Leu 8 reacted with the CD4+ cells. These hybrids should be useful in the preparation, screening and analysis of anti‐CD4 monoclonal antibodies, and in studies of CD4 epitopes recognized by HIV.
CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE RECOGNITION OF HYBRID MHC CLASS I MOLECULES
Authors: Kanda T. , Macchi M. J. , LaPan K. , Darsley M. , Appella E. , Frelinger J. A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYWe have utilized a group of MHC class I genes produced by in vitro recombination between Dp and Dd to study recognition of MHC class I molecules by cytolytic T cells (CTLs). Both polyclonal allo‐specific and H‐2‐restricted CTLs require that α1 and a2 of the target class I molecule be derived from the same haplotype for efficient killing. By using T‐cell lines we showed that within the bulk population there must exist a fraction of T cells which can recognize epitopes in al or α2. Critical residues for T‐cell recognition have been identified using these chimeric genes.
DIRECT HLA TYPING BY ROSETTING WITH IMMUNOMAGNETIC BEADS COATED WITH SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES
Authors: Hansen T. , Hannestad K. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYParamagnetic monodisperse polymer beads were coated with purified human hybridoma antibodies specific for polymorphic HLA determinants. The mAb‐coated beads bound specifically to cells from individuals with the relevant HLA type. The rosettes formed by beads and cells were isolated with a magnet. Rosette formation was evaluated microscopically and used as criterion for positive typing. By this rosette assay, fast and reliable HLA typing of whole blood was possible.
ISOLATION OF EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS CELLS
Authors: Schmitt D. A. , Hanau D. , Cazenave J.‐P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYLangerhans cells (LC) play an important role in the skin immune system. They are bone marrow‐derived and function as the only accessory and antigen‐presenting cells in the skin. Several techniques for enriching these cells have been devised, and four, including density gradient centrifugation, use of cell sorter, panning and immunomagnetic separation, are discussed. It is concluded that the most satisfactory method for isolation of LC is based on density gradient centrifugation and the most satisfactory for depletion of epidermal cell preparations for LC is based on the immunomagnetic principle.
THREE ANTIBODIES TO HUMAN INTESTINAL BRUSH BORDER MEMBRANE ARE CHARACTERIZED AS ANTI‐Lea
Authors: Dickson L. , Richman P. I. , Shaw M.‐A. , Donald A. S. R. , Swallow D. M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn the course of raising monoclonal antibodies to human colonic and small intestinal epithelium, three were isolated which recognized epitopes on many colonic glycoproteins and many jejunal glycoproteins taken from some individuals, but not on the same glycoproteins from others. The specificities of these antibodies were examined by carrying out inhibitions of the binding of the antibodies to the jejunal glycoproteins by blood group substances and purified oligosaccharides. The glycoproteins were separated by electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose strips which were then used for the inhibition experiments. The results indicated that the antibodies bind to Lea‐active structures. The conditions were determined for achieving red cell agglutination by two of the antibodies.
GROSS GENETIC DIFFERENCES AMONG SUBSTRAINS OF NZB MICE
Authors: Weiss S. , Uematsu Y. , D'Hoostelaere L. , Alanen A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSubstrains of NZB mice have been compared by Southern blot analysis using several probes. The restriction fragment length polymorphism of probes derived from the Igh‐V, Igk‐V, Tcrα‐C loci and of the long terminal repeat of the mouse mammary tumour virus revealed that NZB/BlLwPtIbm were grossly different from NZB/BlNJ and NZB/BlOla. Comparison with mouse strains of the Igk‐V haplotypes a and d suggested that NZB/BiLwPtIbm contain genetic material of the C58 mouse strain.
CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A POLYMORPHIC CLASS I MHC GENE IN THE AKR LYMPHOMA K36.16
Authors: Sim B. C. , Hui K. M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYCancers are the result of somatic heritable changes in certain genes. The AKR leukaemia K36.16 has been extensively studied in our laboratory. When compared to normal AKR thymocytes, the K36.16 tumour cells do not express the H‐2Kk antigens and have an unexpected antigenic determinant that could be detected by anti‐H‐2Dd monoclonal antibodies. To understand the molecular mechanisms that could be responsible for these changes, we have compared the genomic composition of the class I MHC genes in the K36.16 tumour cells to that of normal AKR lymphocytes. A unique polymorphic 2.6‐kb Hind III fragment was detected in DNA obtained from the K36.16 tumour cells after hybridization with a 3′‐gene‐coding H‐2 probe. This fragment is not present in DNA of normal AKR lymphocytes. In an effort to further understand the mechanism underlying the nature of this MHC gene polymorphism, we have cloned and sequenced this Hind III fragment. When compared with the reported sequences of a number of mouse class I MHC genes, the nucleotide sequence of this polymorphic Hind III fragment is similar to that of a reported Tla gene.
TRANSFECTION OF MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBLITY COMPLEX CLASS I AND CLASS II GENES CAUSES TUMOUR REJECTION
Authors: Ostrand‐Rosenberg S. , Clements V. K. , Thakur A. , Cole G. A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYMany human and mouse tumours do not express MHC class II antigens and have reduced levels of class I antigens. Because of the requirement for class I and/or class II antigen for antigen presentation to Th and Tc cells, these phenotypes may enable tumour cells to ‘escape’ the host's immune response. Experiments presented here are designed to assess the role of MHC class I and class II antigens in tumour immunity, and to overcome the MHC class I‐ or class II‐negative phenotype. When transfected with the syngeneic H‐2Db gene, the MHC antigen‐negative 402AX teratocarcinoma expresses high levels of H‐2Db antigen. 402AX/Db cells are rejected by MHC allogeneic and some WHC syngeneic 402AX‐susceptible mice, however the fully syngeneic strain of origin (129) remains tumour‐susceptible. Induction of MHC class I gene products on class I antigen‐negative embryonal carcinoma cells therefore increases tumour immunogenicity in some hosts, but not in the fully syngeneic mouse. In an attempt to enhance antigen presentation of tumour‐associated antigens to Th cells, MHC class I antigen‐positive SaI (KkDd) sarcoma cells were tranfected with syngeneic Aαk and Aβk genes to generate Iak‐expressing tumour cells. SaI/Ak cells are efficiently rejected by syngeneic A/J (KkDd) mice, while untransfected SaI cells are lethal. Induction of MHC class II antigen expression on the class I antigen‐positive SaI sarcoma therefore completely abrogates malignancy.