bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase II Trial of Pemetrexed and Gemcitabine in Chemotherapy-Naïve Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Jänne Pasi A. , Simon George R. , Langer Corey J. , Taub Robert N. , Dowlati Afshin , Fidias Panos , Monberg Matthew , Obasaju Coleman , Kindler Hedy 
Published: March 2008

PurposePemetrexed and gemcitabine have single-agent activity in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). The combination of pemetrexed/gemcitabine has not previously been studied in MPM to our knowledge.Patients and MethodsPatients with histologic or cytologic diagnosis of MPM were included. Cohort 1 received gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m2on days 1 and 8, with pemetrexed 500 mg/m2on day 8, and cohort 2 received gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m2on days 1 and 8, with pemetrexed 500 mg/m2on day 1. Cycles were repeated every 21 days; all patients were supplemented with folic acid and vitamin B12and received dexamethasone.ResultsOne hundred eight patients (cohort 1, n = 56; cohort 2, n = 52) with pleural mesothelioma were enrolled. Among assessable patients, response rate was 26.0% in cohort 1 and 17.1% in cohort 2. Median time to disease progression was 4.34 months for cohort 1 and 7.43 months for cohort 2. Median survival was 8.08 months for cohort 1 (1-year survival = 31.14%) and 10.12 months for cohort 2 (1-year survival = 45.80%). In cohorts 1 and 2, incidence of grade 4 neutropenia was 25.0% and 29.4%, grade 4 thrombocytopenia was 14.3% and 3.9%, grade 3 or 4 anemia was 5.4% and 5.9%, and grade 3 or 4 fatigue was 23.2% and 15.7%, respectively.ConclusionThe combination of pemetrexed and gemcitabine resulted in moderate clinical activity in MPM. However, the median survival times are similar to those with single-agent pemetrexed and inferior to outcomes observed with cisplatin in combination with an antifolate.
Improved Staging of Patients With Carcinoid and Islet Cell Tumors With 18F-Dihydroxy-Phenyl-Alanine and 11C-5-Hydroxy-Tryptophan Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Koopmans Klaas P. , Neels Oliver C. , Kema Ido P. , Elsinga Philip H. , Sluiter Wim J. , Vanghillewe Koen , Brouwers Adrienne H. , Jager Pieter L. , de Vries Elisabeth G.E. 
Published: March 2008

Purpose To evaluate and compare diagnostic sensitivity of positron emission tomography (PET) scanning in carcinoid and islet cell tumor patients with a serotonin and a catecholamine precursor as tracers. Patients and Methods Carcinoid (n = 24) or pancreatic islet cell tumor (n = 23) patients with at least one lesion on conventional imaging including somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) and computed tomography (CT) scan underwent 11C-5-hydroxytryptophan (11C-5-HTP) PET and 6-[F-18]fluoro-L-dihydroxy-phenylalanin (18F-DOPA) PET. PET findings were compared with a composite reference standard derived from all available imaging along with clinical and cytologic/histologic information. Results In carcinoid tumor patients, per-patient analysis showed sensitivities for 11C-5-HTP PET, 18F-DOPA PET, SRS, and CT of 100%, 96%, 86%, 96%, respectively, and in islet cell tumors of 100%, 89%, 78%, 87%, respectively. In carcinoid patients, per-lesion analysis revealed sensitivities for 11C-5-HTP PET, 11C-5-HTP PET/CT, 18F-DOPA PET, 18F-DOPA PET/CT, SRS, SRS/CT, and CT alone of, respectively, 78%, 89%, 87%, 98%, 49%, 73%, and 63% and in islet cell tumors of 67%, 96%, 41%, 80%, 46%, 77%, and 68%, respectively. In all carcinoid patients 18F-DOPA PET and 11C-5-HTP PET detected more lesions than SRS (P < .001). 11C-5-HTP PET was superior to 18F-DOPA PET in islet cell tumors (P < .0001). In all cases, CT improved the sensitivity of the nuclear scans. Conclusion 18F-DOPA PET/CT is the optimal imaging modality for staging in carcinoid patients and 11C-5-HTP PET/CT in islet cell tumor patients.
Complex Formation between a Nucleobase and Tetracyanoquinodimethane Derivatives: Crystal Structures and Transport Properties of Charge-Transfer Solids of Cytosine
Authors: Murata Tsuyoshi , Saito Gunzi , Nishimura Kazukuni , Enomoto Yuichiro , Honda Genki , Shimizu Yasuhito , Matsui Shogo , Sakata Masafumi , Drozdova Olga O , Yakushi Kyuya 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Reaction between cytosine, a nucleobase, in methanol and several 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane derivatives (R-TCNQ) in acetonitrile yielded three kinds of ionic solids; (I) insulators composed of methoxy-substituted R-TCNQ anions, (II) semiconducting fully ionic R-TCNQ radical anion salts, and (III) conductive partially ionic or mixed-valent R-TCNQ radical anion salts. Electronic and chemical structures of these products were characterized by optical and magnetic measurements, and structural and elemental analyses. Cation units in all products were found to be protonated cytosine species. Crystal structures were determined for methoxy-substituted anion salts (R = F4 and H) in Group I and R-TCNQ radical anion salts (R = H and Et2) in Group II with hemiprotonated cytosine pairs formed by triple self-complementary hydrogen bonds. They established one-dimensional hemiprotonated cytosine ribbons by double complementary hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds between cytosine and R-TCNQ anions exhibited high potential to regulate molecular arrangements producing a segregated layered structure and uniform arrangement of R-TCNQ radical anion columns stable down to low temperature. The partially ionic salt of MeTCNQ in Group III exhibited metallic behavior and the highest conductivity of 10+1 S cm−1 so far observed for charge-transfer complexes based on biological molecules.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Dinuclear Manganese(III) Complexes with Cyclam-Based Macrocyclic Ligands Having Schiff-Base Pendant Arms as Chelating Agents
Authors: Wada Shusaku , Mikuriya Masahiro 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Reaction of a series of dodecadentate ligands (H4L), 1,4,8,11-tetrakis(salicylideneaminoethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and its substituted derivatives, with manganese(II) salts afforded ten dinuclear manganese(III) complexes, [Mn2X2L] (X = O2CCH3, O2CC6H5, and N3), which were characterized by analyzing infrared and electronic spectra and determining the temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibilities (4.5–300 K). Single-crystal X-ray crystallography of [Mn2(O2CCH3)2(tbsaec)]·2CHCl3 (3·2CHCl3) (H4tbsaec = 1,4,8,11-tetrakis(5-bromosalicylideneaminoethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane), [Mn2(O2CC6H5)2(tbsaec)] (4), [Mn2(O2CC6H5)2(tcsaec)] (6) (H4tcsaec = 1,4,8,11-tetrakis(5-chlorosalicylideneaminoethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane), [Mn2(N3)2(tnaec)]·2CHCl3 (7·2CHCl3) (H4tnaec = 1,4,8,11-tetrakis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylideneaminoethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane), [Mn2(O2CCH3)2(tmsaec)] (8) (H4tmsaec = 1,4,8,11-tetrakis(3-methoxysalicylideneaminoethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) showed that each manganese(III) ion is chelated by two Schiff-base pendant arms outside the central tetraazacyclotetradecane ring, forming an axially compressed octahedron (for 3, 4, 6, and 8) or trigonal bipyramid (for 7) with an intramolecular Mn–Mn distance of 9.676(4)–10.096(2) Å. In accordance with the crystal structures, the magnetic interaction between the two manganese ions was very weak with a rather significant zero-field splitting of the manganese(III) ions.
Structure of a Barium(II) Complex Sandwiched by a Schiff Base Macrocycle
Authors: Tsukuda Toshiaki , Maeda Satsuki , Yasui Masahiko , Tamane Takeshi , Tsubomura Taro 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
A barium complex sandwiched by an octaaza Schiff base macrocycle prepared by [2+2] condensation of diimine and phenanthroline dicarbaldehyde has been studied; the ten-coordinate structure of the complex and increase of absorption intensity on coordination has been revealed.
Silylcupration and Copper-Catalyzed Carbomagnesiation of Ynamides: Application to Aza-Claisen Rearrangement
Authors: Yasui Hiroto , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Treatment of ynamides with silylcopper reagents resulted in silylcupration to afford (E)-β-silylenamides, after protonolysis, in good yields with high regio- and stereoselectivity. Reaction of ynamides having an allyl group on the nitrogen with Grignard reagents in the presence of a copper catalyst resulted in carbomagnesiation across the alkynyl unit and subsequent heating provided 4-pentenenitriles via aza-Claisen rearrangement.
Functionalization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Realized by Microwave-Driven Chemistry Inducing Dispersibility in Liquid Media
Authors: Tsukahara Yasunori , Yamauchi Tomohisa , Kawamoto Tadashi , Wada Yuji 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Carboxyl groups have been successfully introduced to multi-walled carbon nanotubes by oxidation with a nitric acid or sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution under microwave irradiation. The introduced functional groups have been employed as a reactive terminus for introducing long alkyl chains to the surface of the nanotubes. The dispersibility in various solvents having different polarities can be controlled by the surface functionalization.
A Close-packed, Highly Insulating Organic Thin Monolayer on Si(111)
Authors: Tanaka Kentaro , Tanaka Taishi , Hasegawa Takeshi , Shionoya Mitsuhiko 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
A long-chain dialkylated olefin, 2C18 was found to form a close-packed, highly insulating self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on Si(111) via Si–C bond formation. The IR absorption spectra of the 2C18-SAM show that the alkyl chains are densely packed with an all-trans conformation. The threshold voltage to initiate the scanned probe oxidation (SPO) of the 2C18-SAM-covered Si(111) was ca. 9 V, which is much higher than the previously reported voltages for organic monolayers on Si or SiO2/Si substrates.
Calcitonin Receptor Plays a Physiological Role to Protect Against Hypercalcemia in Mice
Authors: Davey Rachel A , Turner Andrew G , McManus Julie F , Chiu WS Maria , Tjahyono Francisca , Moore Alison J , Atkins Gerald J , Anderson Paul H , Ma Cathy , Glatt Vaida , MacLean Helen E , Vincent Cristina , Bouxsein Mary , Morris Howard A , Findlay David M , Zajac Jeffrey D 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
It is well established that calcitonin is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption; however, a physiological role for calcitonin acting through its cognate receptor, the calcitonin receptor (CTR), has not been identified. Data from previous genetically modified animal models have recognized a possible role for calcitonin and the CTR in controlling bone formation; however, interpretation of these data are complicated, in part because of their mixed genetic background. Therefore, to elucidate the physiological role of the CTR in calcium and bone metabolism, we generated a viable global CTR knockout (KO) mouse model using the Cre/loxP system, in which the CTR is globally deleted by &gt;94% but &lt;100%. Global CTRKOs displayed normal serum ultrafiltrable calcium levels and a mild increase in bone formation in males, showing that the CTR plays a modest physiological role in the regulation of bone and calcium homeostasis in the basal state in mice. Furthermore, the peak in serum total calcium after calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D3]-induced hypercalcemia was substantially greater in global CTRKOs compared with controls. These data provide strong evidence for a biological role of the CTR in regulating calcium homeostasis in states of calcium stress.
Effects of Intravenous Zoledronate on Bone Turnover and BMD Persist for at Least 24 Months
Authors: Bolland Mark J , Grey Andrew B , Horne Anne M , Briggs Simon E , Thomas Mark G , Ellis-Pegler Rod B , Callon Karen E , D Gamble Greg , Reid Ian R 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The duration of the antiresorptive effects of the intravenous bisphosphonate, zoledronate, is not known. Recently, we reported that two annual 4-mg doses of zoledronate suppressed bone turnover and increased BMD in HIV-infected men over 24 mo. We set out to determine the persistence of these effects after two doses of zoledronate. Thirty-three HIV-infected men who completed a randomized trial of 4 mg annual zoledronate (n = 17) or placebo (n = 16) were studied for a further 12 mo, during which time no skeletal therapy was administered. Participants received calcium (400 mg/d) and vitamin D supplements (50,000 IU/mo) for the first 24 mo of the study only. Biochemical markers of bone turnover and BMD were measured every 6 mo. Bone turnover markers were stably suppressed at 24 and 36 mo (12 and 24 mo after the second annual dose of zoledronate, respectively). There were no significant within-group changes in urine N-telopeptide, serum C-telopeptide, and osteocalcin between 24 and 36 mo (p &gt; 0.07), and at each time point, each of the turnover markers was significantly lower in the zoledronate group. There were also no significant between-group differences in the changes in BMD at each site between 24 and 36 mo (p &gt; 0.5), and at each time point, BMD at each site was significantly higher in the zoledronate group. These results suggest that the antiresorptive effects of zoledronate last &gt;12 mo and raise the possibility that zoledronate could be administered less frequently than annually. Randomized trials that address this issue should be performed.
Transmission of Vertical Whole Body Vibration to the Human Body
Authors: Kiiski Juha , Heinonen Ari , Järvinen Teppo L , Kannus Pekka , Sievänen Harri 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
According to experimental studies, low-amplitude high-frequency vibration is anabolic to bone tissue, whereas in clinical trials, the bone effects have varied. Given the potential of whole body vibration in bone training, this study aimed at exploring the transmission of vertical sinusoidal vibration to the human body over a wide range of applicable amplitudes (from 0.05 to 3 mm) and frequencies (from 10 to 90 Hz). Vibration-induced accelerations were assessed with skin-mounted triaxial accelerometers at the ankle, knee, hip, and lumbar spine in four males standing on a high-performance vibration platform. Peak vertical accelerations of the platform covered a range from 0.04 to 19 in units of G (Earth's gravitational constant). Substantial amplification of peak acceleration could occur between 10 and 40 Hz for the ankle, 10 and 25 Hz for the knee, 10 and 20 Hz for the hip, and at 10 Hz for the spine. Beyond these frequencies, the transmitted vibration power declined to 1/10th−1/1000th of the power delivered by the platform. Transmission of vibration to the body is a complicated phenomenon because of nonlinearities in the human musculoskeletal system. These results may assist in estimating how the transmission of vibration-induced accelerations to body segments is modified by amplitude and frequency and how well the sinusoidal waveform is maintained. Although the attenuation of vertical vibration at higher frequencies is fortunate from the aspect of safety, amplitudes &gt;0.5 mm may result in greater peak accelerations than imposed at the platform and thus pose a potential hazard for the fragile musculoskeletal system.
Pediatric Residents' Clinical and Educational Experiences With End-of-Life Care
Authors: McCabe Megan E. , Hunt Elizabeth A. , Serwint Janet R. 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to document the frequency of pediatric resident experiences with end-of-life care for children and the educational context for these experiences, as well as to determine whether residents deem their preparatory training adequate.
METHODS. An Internet-based survey was distributed to all categorical pediatric residents at the Johns Hopkins Children's Center. Survey items asked residents to (1) quantify their experiences with specific responsibilities associated with the death of a pediatric patient, (2) identify their educational experiences, and (3) respond to Likert scale statements of, “I feel adequately trained to… .” The responsibilities were discussion of withdrawal/limitation of life-sustaining therapy, symptom management, declaration of death, discussion of autopsy, completion of a death certificate, seeking self-support, and follow-up with families.
RESULTS. Forty (50%) of 80 residents completed the survey. Residents had been present for a mean (± SD) of 4.7 (± 3.0) patient deaths. More than 50% of residents had participated in discussions of withdrawal/limitation of life-sustaining therapy, symptom management, completing a death certificate, and seeking personal support; however, &lt;50% of residents had been taught how to hold discussions of withdrawal/limitation of life-sustaining therapy, declare death, discuss autopsy, complete a death certificate, and have follow-up with families. Residents did not feel adequately trained in any of these areas.
CONCLUSION. Pediatric residents have limited experience with pediatric end-of-life care and highly varied educational experiences and do not feel adequately trained to fulfill the responsibilities associated with providing end-of-life care for children. Overall, this perception does not improve with increased level of training. This study identifies several target areas for curricular intervention that may ultimately improve the end-of-life experience for our pediatric patients and their families and the young physicians who care for them.
Serum Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Neonates With Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Authors: Okazaki Kaoru , Kondo Masatoshi , Kato Masahiko , Kakinuma Ryota , Nishida Akira , Noda Masahiro , Taniguchi Kiyosu , Kimura Hirokazu 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVES. Various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are thought to be associated with the pathophysiology of meconium aspiration syndrome. To clarify any such association, we compared various serum cytokine and chemokine profiles in patients with and without meconium aspiration syndrome.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. Using a highly sensitive fluorescence microsphere method, 17 types of cytokines and chemokines in sera were measured in 11 neonatal patients with meconium aspiration syndrome, 16 neonatal patients without meconium aspiration syndrome, and 9 healthy children.
RESULTS. The concentrations of 8 types of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were significantly higher in the meconium aspiration syndrome group than in healthy controls: interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interferon-γ, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Six types of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were significantly higher in the meconium aspiration syndrome group than in the nonmeconium aspiration syndrome group: interleukin-6, interleukin-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Serum concentrations of interleukin-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokine) in the meconium aspiration syndrome group were higher than those in both the nonmeconium aspiration syndrome group and healthy children group (P = .007 and 0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS. Most types of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in sera of neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome were higher than those without meconium aspiration syndrome, giving support to the suggestion that elevated levels are associated with the pathogenesis of meconium aspiration syndrome.
Decreased Lipoprotein Clearance Is Responsible for Increased Cholesterol in LDL Receptor Knockout Mice With Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes
Authors: Goldberg Ira J. , Hu Yunying , Noh Hye-Lim , Wei Justin , Huggins Lesley Ann , Rackmill Marnie G. , Hamai Hiroko , Reid Brendan N. , Blaner William S. , Huang Li-Shin 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE—Patients with diabetes often have dyslipidemia and increased postprandial lipidmia. Induction of diabetes in LDL receptor (Ldlr−/−) knockout mice also leads to marked dyslipidemia. The reasons for this are unclear.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We placed Ldlr−/− and heterozygous LDL receptor knockout (Ldlr+/−) mice on a high-cholesterol (0.15%) diet, induced diabetes with streptozotocin (STZ), and assessed reasons for differences in plasma cholesterol.
RESULTS—STZ-induced diabetic Ldlr−/− mice had plasma cholesterol levels more than double those of nondiabetic controls. Fast-performance liquid chromatography and ultracentrifugation showed an increase in both VLDL and LDL. Plasma VLDL became more cholesterol enriched, and both VLDL and LDL had a greater content of apolipoprotein (apo)E. In LDL the ratio of apoB48 to apoB100 was increased. ApoB production, assessed using [35S]methionine labeling in Triton WR1339–treated mice, was not increased in fasting STZ-induced diabetic mice. Similarly, postprandial lipoprotein production was not increased. Reduction of cholesterol in the diet to normalize the amount of cholesterol intake by the control and STZ-induced diabetic animals reduced plasma cholesterol levels in STZ-induced diabetic mice, but plasma cholesterol was still markedly elevated compared with nondiabetic controls. LDL from STZ-induced diabetic mice was cleared from the plasma and trapped more rapidly by livers of control mice. STZ treatment reduced liver expression of the proteoglycan sulfation enzyme, heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotrasferase-1, an effect that was reproduced in cultured hepatocytyes by a high glucose–containing medium.
CONCLUSIONS—STZ-induced diabetic, cholesterol-fed mice developed hyperlipidemia due to a non-LDL receptor defect in clearance of circulating apoB-containing lipoproteins.
Photocatalytic decolorization of methyl orange solution with potassium peroxydisulfate
Authors: Junbo Zhong , Di Ma , Hong Zhao , An Lian , Jiao Li , Shengtian Huang , Jianzhang Li 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Increasing environmental pollution caused by toxic dyes due to their hazardous nature is a matter of great concern. It has been generally agreed that methyl orange (MO) can be effectively degraded in aerated K2S2O8 homogeneous reaction system using near-UV irradiation. In this paper photocatalytic degradation of MO solutions with K2S2O8 was investigated, with particular attention on the possible underlying mechanisms. This report has shown decolorization efficiency of MO increases with the increasing of the dosage of the catalyst. There is no optimal amount of catalyst in our case, where special attention was paid on the nature of the photocatalyst itself. The current research revealed that the decolorization reaction is a pseudo first-order reaction when the concentration of MO is below 20 mg L−1 and the decolorization reaction is zero-order reaction when the concentration of MO is above 100 mg L−1, but the Langmuir-Hinshewood kinetic model does not describe this. The influence of IO 4−, BrO 3− and H2O2 were investigated in detailed. Several observations indicate that the mechanism is not involved in hydroxyl radical attacks in MO degradation with K2S2O8 by UV irradiation. The possible underlying mechanisms are direct oxidation of the MO by S2O 82− and hydrogen attraction by SO 4•−.
Microstructural study of MBE-grown ZnO film on GaN/sapphire (0001) substrate
Authors: Li Hua , Sang Jianping , Liu Chang , Lu Hongbing , Cao Juncheng 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Single crystalline ZnO film is grown on GaN/sapphire (0001) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. Ga2O3 is introduced into the ZnO/GaN heterostructure intentionally by oxygen-plasma pre-exposure on the GaN surface prior to ZnO growth. The crystalline orientation and interfacial microstructure are characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis shows strong c-axis preferred orientation of the ZnO film. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscope images reveal that an additional phase is formed at the interface of ZnO/GaN. Through a comparison of diffraction patterns, we confirm that the interface layer is monoclinic Ga2O3 and the main epitaxial relationship should be $$
(0001)_{ZnO} \parallel (001)_{Ga_2 O_3 } \parallel (0001)_{GaN}
$$ and $$
[2 - 1 - 10]_{ZnO} \parallel [010]_{Ga_2 O_3 } \parallel [2 - 1 - 10]_{GaN}
$$.