bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magmatic Fluid Inclusions from the Zaldivar Deposit, Northern Chile: The Role of Early Metal‐bearing Fluids in a Porphyry Copper System
Authors: Campos Eduardo A. , Touret Jacques L. R. , Nikogosian Igor 
Published: November 2008

Abstract. The occurrence of a distinct type of multi‐solid, highly‐saline fluid inclusions, hosted in igneous quartz phe‐nocrysts from the Llamo porphyry, in the Zaldivar porphyry copper deposit of northern Chile is documented. Total homoge‐nization of the multi‐solid type inclusions occurs at magmatic temperatures (over 750d̀C), well above the typical temperatures of hydro thermal fluids (less than 600d̀C) usually recorded in porphyry copper systems. The analysis of this type of fluid inclusions, using a combination of non‐destructive microthermometry, Raman and PIXE techniques and the identification of daughter minerals by SEM method, indicates that the trapped fluid was a dense, complex chloride brine in which Cl, Na, K, Fe, Cu, and Mn are dominant. The high chlorine and metal contents indicate that the metals were separated from the crystallizing magma as homogeneous aqueous chloride‐rich solutions that represent the primary magmatic fluids exsolved at high temperatures and depth during the crystallization of the parental intrusive.The multi‐solid type inclusion illustrates the mechanism by which ore components are sequestered from the crystallizing parental magma and concentrated in the exsolved magmatic aqueous fluids. These fluids are significant with respect to the origin of porphyry copper deposits, as they are responsible for the first enrichment of metals and represent the precursors of metal‐bearing hydrothermal fluids in a porphyry copper system.
Factors Controlling the Hydrothermal Sulphur Ore Deposition in Keciborlu Mine Area (SW Turkey)
Authors: Ozguner Abdullah Mete 
Published: November 2008

Abstract. Replacement‐type subsurface sulphur ores of Keciborlu are situated in fault controlled and metasomatically altered fragmental ophiolite media between alkaline Pliocene volcanics of Isparta and Afyon regions, SW Turkey. Subsurface volcanic sulphur‐mineralising fluids and gases were brought up along the sulphur‐hosting oblique slip fault zone into the oxidising meteoric water‐saturated media and the sulphur‐ore bodies were developed at more porous, cross‐fault locations.Chemically the sulphotaric alteration of the parent rock and sulphur ore formation is characterised by outward volcanic gas and sulphuric acid leaching and oxidation to sulphur from the crushed porous centres. Consequently, concentric pyritiferous, opaline and argillaceous zones developed adjacent to the sulphur ores. The inner alteration zones progressed and widened toward the outer zones through time and the central sulphur ore developed during a single, continuous phase of mineralisation in the water saturation zone such that the alteration zones do not cross each other.
Synthetic Fluid Inclusions in the Systems NaCl‐H2O and NaCl‐CO2‐H2O: Dissolution Temperatures of Halite
Authors: Nagaseki Hiroki , Hayashi Ken‐ichiro 
Published: November 2008

Abstract. This study examined the effect of CO2 on NaCl solubility in hydrothermal fluid, with the synthetic fluid inclusion technique. Fluid inclusions of 30–40 wt% NaCl and 5 mol % CO2 were synthesized, and their halite dissolution temperatures, Tm(halite), were measured. The solubilities of NaCl in CO2‐bearing aqueous fluid were obtained at 160–320d̀C under vapor‐saturated pressures. The Tm(halite) value in aqueous fluid with 5 mol % CO2 obtained in this study agrees with that of Schmidt et al. (1995), showing that 5 mol % CO2 reduces the solubility of NaCl by about 1 wt%.Calculation of magnetite solubility suggests that 5–10 mol % CO2 decreases magnetite solubility by 4.5–8.9 % relative to the magnetite solubility in CO2‐free solution. Therefore, an increase of CO2 content in ore‐forming solutions may cause deposition of iron minerals and produce ore deposits.
Polymetallic and Au‐Ag Mineralizations at the Mutnovskoe Deposit in South Kamchatka, Russia
Authors: Takahashi Ryohei , Matsueda Hiroharu , Okrugin Victor M. , Ono Shuji 
Published: November 2008

Abstract. The Mutnovskoe deposit located in the Porozhisto‐Asachinskaya metallogenic province of South Kamchatka, Russia, is a polymetallic vein and Au‐Ag quartz vein associated type of hydrothermal deposit. The Mutnovskoe deposit is located inside a paleo‐caldera structure at the center of the Mutnovsko‐Asachinskaya geothermal field of Pliocene ‐ Quaternary age, where active gold deposition is identified in hot spring precipitate.The Mutnovskoe deposit is subdivided into the north flank, the central flank and the south flank based on the vein distributions and mineral parageneses. The mineralized vein system is oriented N‐S hosted in diorite ‐ gabbroic diorite stock, volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks of Miocene ‐ Pleistocene age. The mineralization stage I (polymetallic vein) mainly in the central and the south flanks is Zn‐Pb‐Cu‐Au‐Ag contained in sphalerite, galena and tetrahedrite‐tennantite group mineral. The stage II (Au‐Ag quartz vein) occurs in the north and the central flanks. The stage III (Mn‐sulfide and Mn‐Ca‐carbonate vein) occurs in the whole deposit area. Stage II is the typical Au‐Ag quartz‐adularia vein of low‐sulfidation type. Stage III is alabandite‐rhodochrosite‐quartz‐calcite vein. The K‐Ar ages are 1.3±0.1 Ma for stage I sericite in alteration zone, and 0.7±0.1 Ma for the stage II adularia in mineralized vein.Based on the fluid inclusion study, range of ore forming temperature of the Mutnovskoe deposit is 200 to 260d̀C (av. 230d̀C). Salinities of fluid inclusions indicate 2.2 to 5.7 wt% NaCl in sphalerite and 0.8 to 3.3 wt% NaCl in quartz for the stage I.Mineral paragenesis of the polymetallic vein (stage I) is characterized by a district zoning of tennantite and Cd‐rich sphalerite in the south flank and tetrahedrite and Mn‐rich sphalerite in the central flank, which is due to the fractional crystallizations of ore‐forming fluid. Depositional condition of the low sulfidation state is inferred for the Mutnovskoe deposit, where the polymetallic vein of the south flank is in relatively higher sulfidation state than the central flank.
Optimal Design Approach to GMM Estimation of Parameters Based on Empirical Transforms
Authors: Braun Maria P. , Meintanis Simos G. , Melas Viatcheslav B. 
Published: November 2008

Summary Parameter estimation based on the generalized method of moments (GMM) is proposed. The proposed method employs a distance between an empirical and the corresponding theoretical transform. Estimation by the empirical characteristic function (CF) is a typical example, but alternative empirical transforms are also employed, such as the empirical Laplace transform when dealing with non‐negative random variables. D‐optimal designs are discussed, whereby the arguments of the empirical transform are chosen by maximizing the determinant of the asymptotic Fisher information matrix for the resulting estimators. The methods are applied to some parametric models for which classical inference is complicated.
Civic Epistemologies: Constituting Knowledge and Order in Political Communities
Authors: Miller Clark A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHow do we know things? The question of epistemology – which drives both the sociology and philosophy of science – is also a crucial question for political sociology. Knowledge is essential to even the most basic and foundational of political processes and institutions. In 2000, for example, the transition of power in the US presidential election hung for 36 days on uncertainty over a seemingly simple question of fact: who won the most votes in Florida? A few years later, disputed factual claims about Iraq's possession of weapons of mass destruction unraveled, calling into question key justifications of the US decision to invade Iraq in 2003 and significantly weakening perceived US legitimacy. Yet, surprisingly, sociologists and political scientists know relatively little about how knowledge gets made in political communities, nor how the making of knowledge is tied to other key aspects of political life, such as identity, authority, legitimacy, and accountability.
Metastasis to the breast from medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kim Ji Hoon , Lee Sang‐Wha , Kim Wan Seop , Han Hye Seung , Lim So Dug , Hwang Tae Sook 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTMetastasis to the breast from medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is extremely rare and the associate cytological findings have not been reported in Korea until now. We report a case of metastatic MTC presented as palpable neck and breast nodules in a 39‐year‐old woman. Fine needle aspiration of breast nodules showed a cellular smear with relatively homogenous, poorly cohesive tumor cells in a relatively clean background. The tumor cells were round to oval, with hyperchromatic nuclei, abundant cytoplasm and plasmacytoid in appearance. A few amorphous materials, possibly amyloid, were also noted. The patient underwent radical thyroidectomy, cervical lymph node dissection and excision of breast nodules. The primary thyroid mass was typical of MTC but metastatic breast tumors showed more homogenous and smaller tumor cells. The cellular origin of the breast tumors was confirmed by their immunoreactivity for calcitonin, chromogranin, synaptophysin and TTF‐1. Distinguishing MTC from primary breast cancer via fine needle aspiration cytology of breast nodules is important in planning treatment. Detection of amyloid‐like materials and immunohistochemical staining for calcitonin or TTF‐1 is helpful in diagnosing metastatic MTC in breast nodules when clinically suspected.
Expression of heme oxygenase‐1 in oral lichen planus
Authors: Lee Jun , Lim Hyun‐Dae , Lee You‐Mee , Lee Wan , Kim Min‐Kwan , Lee Sun‐Kyung , Jeong Gil‐Saeng , Oh Hyo‐Won , Lee Suk‐Keun , Kim Eun‐Cheol 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT Background and aim: The inducible stress protein, heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) is considered to be a mediator of cytoprotective processes that might be of particular significance during inflammatory events. Currently, there is nothing in the literature regarding HO‐1 expression and proliferation in oral lichen planus (OLP). We investigate whether HO‐1 and proliferation are more expressed in the tissues of OLP patients compared to normal tissues. Methods: Streptavidin‐based immunohistochemical staining was used to detect proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and HO‐1 in 36 cases of OLP. Results: In OLP, HO‐1 was found to be expressed in basal and parabasal dendritic cells and lymphocytes and was coincident with PCNA expression. PCNA and HO‐1 immunoreactivities were higher in OLP mucosa than in normal mucosa, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: These results suggest an elevation of HO‐1 expression in OLP. HO‐1 may play an adaptive or cytoprotective role during the immunologic stress of OLP.
Immunomodulation and allogeneic blood transfusion
Authors: WAANDERS MARLOES , VAN DE WATERING LEO , BRAND ANNEKE 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYAllogeneic blood transfusions expose a patient to many soluble and cell‐bound antigens, expressed on viable and decaying cells. In particular, contaminant leukocytes are presumed to play an important role interacting with the recipient's immune system. This immune response to transfusions is influenced by the condition of the patient, and a patient in steady state will respond differently to a patient in hemorrhagic shock, under anesthesia or after surgical tissue injury. Blood transfusions affect both the innate immediate defense immune system and the adaptive immune response, the latter often resulting in antibodies and (less well characterized) cellular immunity. Removal of allogeneic leukocytes by filtration of red cells and platelet products significantly reduces febrile non‐hemolytic transfusion reactions and the formation of leukocyte antibodies, causing refractoriness to platelet transfusions. However, an effect of leukocyte‐containing transfusions on cellular immune functions relevant to transplant tolerance, cancer surveillance, viral replication or susceptibility to nosocomial infections is less obvious. Randomized studies showed a significant effect of removal of allogeneic leukocytes in blood transfused to cardiac surgery patients, reducing postoperative mortality. As for the other reported clinical effects of (passenger) leukocytes in blood transfusions, there is not yet sufficient evidence.
Modelling landfill leachate-induced clogging of field-scale test cells (mesocosms)
Authors: Cooke Andrew J. , Rowe R. Kerry 
Published: November 2008

A two-dimensional fluid flow and reactive transport model, BioClog, created to predict clogging in landfill leachate collection systems is used to calculate the clogging of gravel and treatment of leachate as it flows through the gravel in two real-scale experimental cells, called mesocosms, which represent the portion of a landfill drainage layer adjacent to a landfill collection pipe. These tests were conducted using real-time flows of landfill leachate and were run for about 6 and 12 years. The model computes spatial and temporal changes in clog quantity and composition. An empirical relationship predicts changes in hydraulic conductivity, and a variable mesh technique allows the surface to be free and dependent on calculated hydraulic heads. Calculated porosity change, effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), and calcium concentrations, along with porosity and clog film thickness at termination are compared with the observed values and found to be in reasonable agreement given the variability and uncertainties associated with these processes.
Effect of depositional method on the undrained response of silty sand
Authors: Wood Fletcher M. , Yamamuro Jerry A. , Lade Poul V. 
Published: November 2008

The results from a laboratory experimental study on silty sand are presented. Undrained triaxial compression tests were performed on Nevada sand containing nonplastic silt. All specimens underwent monotonic loading after isotropic consolidation to 25 kPa. Various depositional techniques were used to create specimens to compare their stress–strain behavior within three separate density ranges and three different silt contents. As density increased, the effect of the depositional method on the undrained behavior decreased. The influence of the depositional method on specimen behavior also was found to increase with silt content, particularly at lower densities. These findings therefore are of special interest with regard to laboratory testing for the purpose of characterizing liquefaction potential, where loose, silty sands may be encountered. A description and analysis of five different depositional techniques is provided. These methods include: dry funnel deposition, water sedimentation, slurry deposition, mixed dry deposition, and air pluviation. The results of the undrained testing are analyzed using void ratio after consolidation and silt content as the bases of comparison.
Gemini Vitamin D Analogues Inhibit Estrogen Receptor–Positive and Estrogen Receptor–Negative Mammary Tumorigenesis without Hypercalcemic Toxicity
Authors: Lee Hong Jin , Paul Shiby , Atalla Nadi , Thomas Paul E. , Lin Xinjie , Yang Ill , Buckley Brian , Lu Gang , Zheng Xi , Lou You-Rong , Conney Allan H. , Maehr Hubert , Adorini Luciano , Uskokovic Milan , Suh Nanjoo 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Numerous preclinical, epidemiologic, and clinical studies have suggested the benefits of vitamin D and its analogues for the prevention and treatment of cancer. However, the hypercalcemic effects have limited the use of 1α,25(OH)2D3, the hormonally active form of vitamin D. To identify vitamin D analogues with better efficacy and low toxicity, we have tested &gt;60 novel Gemini vitamin D analogues with a unique structure of two side chains for growth inhibition of breast cancer cells. Our initial studies found that some Gemini analogues are 5–15 times more active than 1α,25(OH)2D3 in growth inhibition assay. In vivo experiments were designed to study the inhibitory effect of selected Gemini vitamin D analogues against mammary carcinogenesis by using (a) an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea–induced estrogen receptor (ER)-positive mammary tumor model and (b) an MCF10DCIS.com xenograft model of ER-negative mammary tumors. Among vitamin D analogues we tested, Gemini 0072 [1α,25-dihydroxy-20S-21(3-trideuteromethyl-3-hydroxy-4,4,4-trideuterobutyl)-23-yne-26,27-hexafluoro-19-nor-cholecalciferol] and Gemini 0097 [1α,25-dihydroxy-20R-21(3-trideuteromethyl-3-hydroxy-4,4,4-trideuterobutyl)-23-yne-26,27-hexafluoro-19-nor-cholecalciferol] administration inhibited by 60% the NMU-induced mammary tumor burden compared with the NMU-treated control group, but these compounds were devoid of hypercalcemia toxicity. In an ER-negative xenograft model, Gemini 0097 significantly suppressed tumor growth without hypercalcemia toxicity. We found that the inhibitory effect of Gemini 0097 was associated with an increased level of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 in both ER-positive and ER-negative mammary tumors. Our results suggest that Gemini vitamin D analogues may be potent agents for the prevention and treatment of both ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer without hypercalcemia toxicity.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism–Based Genome-Wide Chromosome Copy Change, Loss of Heterozygosity, and Aneuploidy in Barrett's Esophagus Neoplastic Progression
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Galipeau Patricia C. , Sanchez Carissa A. , Blount Patricia L. , Maley Carlo C. , Arnaudo Jessica , Peiffer Daniel A. , Pokholok Dmitry , Gunderson Kevin L. , Reid Brian J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChromosome copy gain, loss, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) involving most chromosomes have been reported in many cancers; however, less is known about chromosome instability in premalignant conditions. 17p LOH and DNA content abnormalities have been previously reported to predict progression from Barrett's esophagus (BE) to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). Here, we evaluated genome-wide chromosomal instability in multiple stages of BE and EA in whole biopsies. Forty-two patients were selected to represent different stages of progression from BE to EA. Whole BE or EA biopsies were minced, and aliquots were processed for flow cytometry and genotyped with a paired constitutive control for each patient using 33,423 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Copy gains, losses, and LOH increased in frequency and size between early- and late-stage BE (P &lt; 0.001), with SNP abnormalities increasing from &lt;2% to &gt;30% in early and late stages, respectively. A set of statistically significant events was unique to either early or late, or both, stages, including previously reported and novel abnormalities. The total number of SNP alterations was highly correlated with DNA content aneuploidy and was sensitive and specific to identify patients with concurrent EA (empirical receiver operating characteristic area under the curve = 0.91). With the exception of 9p LOH, most copy gains, losses, and LOH detected in early stages of BE were smaller than those detected in later stages, and few chromosomal events were common in all stages of progression. Measures of chromosomal instability can be quantified in whole biopsies using SNP-based genotyping and have potential to be an integrated platform for cancer risk stratification in BE.
Genetic Variations in MicroRNA-Related Genes Are Novel Susceptibility Loci for Esophageal Cancer Risk
Authors: Ye Yuanqing , Wang Kenneth K. , Gu Jian , Yang Hushan , Lin Jie , Ajani Jaffer A. , Wu Xifeng 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNA) can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors and modulate the expression of approximately one third of all human genes. To test the hypothesis that adverse alleles in miRNA-related genes may increase the risk for esophageal cancer, we assessed the associations between esophageal cancer risk and 41 potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 26 miRNA-related genes in a case-control study of 346 Caucasian esophageal cancer patients (85.5% with esophageal adenocarcinoma) and 346 frequency-matched (age, gender, and ethnicity) controls. Seven SNPs were significantly associated with esophageal cancer risk. The most notable finding was that the SNP rs6505162, which is located in the pre-mir423 region, was associated with a per-allele odds ratio of 0.64 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.51-0.80; P for trend &lt; 0.0001]. This association remained significant after we corrected for multiple comparisons. A common haplotype of the GEMIN4 gene was associated with a significantly reduced risk of esophageal cancer (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.42-0.99). We did a combined unfavorable genotype analysis to further evaluate the cumulative effects of the promising (risk associated) SNPs. In comparison with the low-risk group (fewer than three unfavorable genotypes), the medium-risk group (three unfavorable genotypes) had a 2.00-fold (95% CI, 1.31-3.08) increased risk and the high-risk group (more than three unfavorable genotypes) had a 3.14-fold (95% CI, 2.03-4.85) increased risk (P for trend &lt; 0.0001). Results for the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma were similar to the overall risk results. The present study provides the first evidence that miRNAs may affect esophageal cancer risk in general and that specific genetic variants in miRNA-related genes may affect esophageal cancer risk individually and jointly.
Divine Anonymities: On Transascendence and Transdescendence in the Works of Levinas, Celan, and Lispector
Authors: Ballan Joseph 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThose points at which Emmanuel Levinas's later work touches on the question of God express a profound ambiguity. Here it is often the case that theism becomes indistinguishable from atheism, ethics is shown to be indistinguishable from religion and, to cite two important concepts invented by Levinas, il y a (lit., “there is;” denotes bare, senseless material existence) becomes indistinguishable from illeité (lit., “it-ness;” denotes the absolute distance or anonymity of God). While Levinas insists upon a measure of ambiguity or enigma in all truthful religious discourse, these series of ambiguities are often covered over by Levinas's ethical project as soon as they appear. With the aid of two deeply philosophical writers in whose work we find literary analogues of the ambiguities thematized in Levinas—the poet Paul Celan and the novelist Clarice Lispector—this paper offers a critique of Levinas's thin, often moralistic, concepts of alterity and transcendence. The critique proceeds by showing how Celan and Lispector demonstrate the consequences of thinking the anonymity of God and the corresponding undecidability of the most-high and the most-low (i.e., transascendence and transdescendence) to its logical conclusion. In the process, Celan and Lispector emerge as original religious thinkers in their own right, not merely as counterweights to Levinas.
Breeding Racism: The Imperial Battlefields of the “German” Shepherd Dog
Authors: Skabelund Aaron 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDuring the first half of the twentieth century, the Shepherd Dog came to be strongly identified with Imperial and Nazi Germany, as well as with many other masters in the colonial world. Through its transnational diffusion after World War I, the breed became a pervasive symbol of imperial aggression and racist exploitation. The 1930s Japanese empire subtly Japanized the dogs who became an icon of the Imperial Army. How could a cultural construct so closely associated with Germany come to represent many different colonial regimes? Using Imperial Japan as a case study, this paper argues that this symbolic pliability is a derivative of the high functionality, wide adaptation, and conspicuous nature of the Shepherd Dog as protector, deterrent, and enforcer of social control. As a visible intermediary in hierarchal relationships between different human groups, the Shepherd Dog became a powerful metaphor of Nazi and colonial memories throughout much of the world.