bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological Testing and Interpretation of Laboratory Results Associated with Detecting Newborns with Substance Exposure
Authors: McMillin Gwendolyn A , Morad Anna W , Boyd Jessica M , Johnson-Davis Kamisha L , Metz Torri D , Smid Marcela C , Krasowski Matthew D 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Substance use during pregnancy is common, as is biological testing that is intended to help identify prenatal exposures. However, there is no standardized requirement for biological testing with either maternal or newborn specimens, nor is there standardization related to when testing occurs, how frequently testing occurs, what specimen(s) to test, what substances to test for, or how to perform testing.

Content
We review common specimen types tested to detect maternal and newborn substance exposure with a focus on urine, meconium, and umbilical cord tissue. We also review common analytical methods used to perform testing, including immunoassay, and mass spectrometry platforms. Considerations regarding the utilization of testing relative to the purpose of testing, the drug analyte(s) of interest, the specific testing employed, and the interpretation of results are emphasized to help guide decisions about clinical utilization of testing. We also highlight specific examples of unexpected results that can be used to guide interpretation and appropriate next steps.

Summary
There are strengths and limitations associated with all approaches to detecting substance exposure in pregnant persons as well as biological testing to evaluate a newborn with possible substance exposure. Standardization is needed to better inform decisions surrounding evaluation of substance exposures in pregnant people and newborns. If biological sampling is pursued, testing options and results must be reviewed in clinical context, acknowledging that false-positive and -negative results can and do occur.
Private Equity in Distress and the Incentives of Collateralised Loan Obligations
Authors: Paterson Sarah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article explores the problem that both modern private equity (PE) firms, and collateralised loan obligation (CLO) lenders to PE portfolio companies, have incentives to avoid a formal restructuring of PE portfolio companies in financial distress. The author is concerned that this may lead to negative social costs for suppliers, employees, customers and even government agencies. She explores how and why the problem arises, and the ways in which corporate and corporate insolvency law might be able to respond to it. Some suggestions are made, but it is accepted that any solution involves a sensitive balance that needs to be approached with considerable care.
The bile–gut axis and metabolic consequences of cholecystectomy
Authors: Lange Andreas H , Pedersen Miriam G , Ellegaard Anne-Marie , Nerild Henriette H , Brønden Andreas , Sonne David P , Knop Filip K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis affect individuals of all ages and are often treated by surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy), which is considered a safe, low-risk procedure. Nevertheless, recent findings show that bile and its regulated storage and excretion may have important metabolic effects and that cholecystectomy is associated with several metabolic diseases postoperatively. Bile acids have long been known as emulsifiers essential to the assimilation of lipids and absorption of lipid-soluble vitamins, but more recently, they have also been reported to act as metabolic signaling agents. The nuclear receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and the G protein–coupled membrane receptor, Takeda G protein–coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), are specific to bile acids. Through activation of these receptors, bile acids control numerous metabolic functions. Cholecystectomy affects the storage and excretion of bile acids, which in turn may influence the activation of FXR and TGR5 and their effects on metabolism including processes leading to metabolic conditions such as metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic syndrome. Here, with the aim of elucidating mechanisms behind cholecystectomy-associated dysmetabolism, we review studies potentially linking cholecystectomy and bile acid–mediated metabolic effects and discuss possible pathophysiological mechanisms behind cholecystectomy-associated dysmetabolism.
Code-Switching and Polylingual Reality: An Aesthetics of Translation in Nancy Huston’s Trois fois septembre and Danse noire
Authors: Mole Christopher 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
If literary code-switching allows authors to play out the plurality of linguistic reality, and crucially the articulation of selfhood and difference in textual representations of polylingual reality, the work of Nancy Huston provides a fruitful space for discussion. Polylingual reality is portrayed in the author’s heterolingual novels in which different languages are represented on the levels of both the story and the text. Huston’s novel Danse noire is a somewhat experimental text in which readers are confronted with linguistic representational hybridity. In contrast to this experiment, Huston’s novel Trois fois septembre, which sees the character Solange translate letters in English to her French-speaking mother, only gives readers access to the French translation by the character, even though there are metacommentaries on the translation process by both characters. This article will work through those features that allow Huston to portray the dynamic use of language at the level of the story and its characters.
Molecular phylogenetics of the Umbelopsis genus—identification of new species and evaluation of their oil application value
Authors: Hou Donghai , Tang Dexiang , Wang Yao , Zhu Juye , Luo Run , Liu Zuoheng , Lu Yingling , Sun Tao , Ma Yanhong , Zhang Yuyao , Yu Hong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to reconstruct the evolutionary framework of the genus Umbelopsis by using modern taxonomic strategies and evaluating the quality of oil and prospective uses of three distinct species.

Methods and results
Three species of Umbelopsis were identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic evidence obtained from three genes (ITS, LSU, and ACT). A new species of Umbelopsis was described and illustrated, and subsequently named U. ophiocordycipiticola. The characteristics of U. ophiocordycipiticola exhibited sporangia with a diameter ranging from 8 to 17 µm. and sporangiospores that were oval to ellipsoidal in shape, irregularly angular, with dimensions of ∼1.9–2.9 × 1.7–3.0 µm. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were used to examine the composition of fatty acids. Notably, U. ophiocordycipiticola showed a significantly higher oil content of 50.89% in dry cell weight (DCW) compared to U. vinacea and U. ramanniana. The mean proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in U. ophiocordycipiticola was 32.38%, and the maximum levels of γ-linolenic acid (GLA), arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in U. ophiocordycipiticola were found to be 14.51, 0.24, 0.54, and 0.53%, respectively. The biodiesel quality from all three species complied with applicable standards set by the American Association for Testing and Materials (ASTM 6751) and the Brazilian National Petroleum Agency (ANP 255).

Conclusions
The establishment of a novel species, U. ophiocordycipiticola, was strongly supported by morphological and molecular evidence. Umbelopsis ophiocordycipiticola exhibited a high-value PUFA content. Additionally, three Umbelopsis species demonstrated good quality for biodiesel production.
The neonatal liver hosts a spontaneously occurring neutrophil population, exhibiting distinct spatial and functional characteristics from adults
Authors: da Silva Júnior Wanderson Ferreira , Lopes Maria Alice de Freitas , Antunes Maísa Mota , Costa Karen Marques de Oliveira , Diniz Ariane Barros , Nakagaki Brenda Naemi Lanza , de Miranda Camila Dutra Moreira , Oliveira Hortência Maciel de Castro , Reis Alesandra Corte , Libreros Stephania , de Paula Cristina Maria Pinto , Rezende Rafael Machado , Menezes Gustavo Batista 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The elusive nature of the liver immune system in newborns remains an important challenge, casting a shadow over our understanding of how to effectively treat and prevent diseases in children. Therefore, deeper exploration into the intricacies of neonatal immunology might be crucial for improved pediatric healthcare. Using liver intravital microscopy, we unveiled a significant population of granulocytes in the hepatic parenchyma of fetuses and newborns. Utilizing high-dimensional immunophenotyping, we showed dynamic alterations predominantly in granulocytes during neonatal development. Liver intravital microscopy from birth through adulthood captures real-time dynamics, showing a substantial presence of Ly6G+ cells that persisted significantly up to 2 wk of age. Using time-of flight mass cytometry, we characterized neonatal Ly6G+ cells as neutrophils, confirmed by morphology and immunohistochemistry. Surprisingly, the embryonic liver hosts a distinct population of neutrophils established as early as the second gestational week, challenging conventional notions about their origin. Additionally, we observed that embryonic neutrophils occupy preferentially the extravascular space, indicating their early establishment within the liver. Hepatic neutrophils in embryos and neonates form unique cell clusters, persisting during the initial days of life, while reduced migratory capabilities in neonates are observed, potentially compensating with increased reactive oxygen species release in response to stimuli. Finally, in vivo imaging of acute neutrophil behavior in a newborn mouse, subjected to focal liver necrosis, unveils that neonatal neutrophils exhibit a reduced migratory response. The study provides unprecedented insights into the intricate interplay of neutrophils within the liver, shedding light on their functional and dynamic characteristics during development.
A comparative study of dust grain polarization efficiencies in the interstellar and intracluster mediums towards anticentre galaxy
Authors: Bijas N , Eswaraiah Chakali , Sandhyarani Panigrahy , Jose Jessy , Gopinathan Maheswar 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Dust polarization observations at optical wavelengths help understand the dust grain properties and trace the plane-of-the-sky component of the magnetic field. In this study, we make use of published optical polarization data acquired with AIMPOL along with distances (d) and extinction (AV) data. We study the variation of polarization efficiency (P/AV) as a function of AV in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) and intracluster mediums (ICM) using the already published polarization data of six clusters. Among these clusters, NGC 2281, NGC 1664, and NGC 1960 are old; while Stock 8, NGC 1931, and NGC 1893 are young. We categorize stars towards each cluster into foreground, background, and cluster members by employing two clustering algorithms GMM and DBSCAN. Thus, classified field stars and cluster members are used to reveal the polarization properties of ISM and ICM dust, respectively. We find that the dust grains located in the diffuse ISM show higher polarization efficiencies when compared to those located in the ICM of younger clusters.
Magnetic fields and velocity gradients in L1551: the role of stellar feedback
Authors: Liu Mingrui , Hu Yue , Lazarian Alex 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Magnetic fields play a crucial role in star formation, yet tracing them becomes particularly challenging, especially in the presence of outflow feedback in protostellar systems. We targeted the star-forming region L1551, notable for its apparent outflows, to investigate the magnetic fields. These fields were probed using polarimetry observations from the Planck satellite at 353 GHz/849 μm, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy's (SOFIA) High-resolution Airborne Wide-band Camera (HAWC+ ) measurement at 214 μm, and the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope's (JCMT) Submillimetre Common-User POLarimeter (SCUPOL) 850 μm survey. Consistently, all three measurements show that the magnetic fields twist towards the protostar IRS 5. Additionally, we utilized the velocity gradient technique on the 12CO (J = 1–0) emission data to distinguish the magnetic fields directly associated with the protostellar outflows. These were then compared with the polarization results. Notably, in the outskirts of the region, these measurements generally align. However, as one approaches the centre of IRS 5, the measurements tend to yield mostly perpendicular relative orientations. This suggests that the outflows might be dynamically significant from a scale of ∼0.2 pc, causing the velocity gradient to change direction by 90°. Furthermore, we discovered that the polarization fraction p and the total intensity I correlate as p ∝ I−α. Specifically, α is approximately 1.044 ± 0.06 for SCUPOL and around 0.858 ± 0.15 for HAWC+. This indicates that the outflows could significantly impact the alignment of dust grains and magnetic fields in the L1551 region.
Super-enhancer-driven LIF promotes the mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma by activating ITGB2 signaling feedback in microglia
Authors: Xie Han , Jiang Yanyi , Xiang Yufei , Wu Baoming , Zhao Jiajia , Huang Ruixiang , Wang Mengting , Wang Yunlong , Liu Jun , Wu Dejun , Tian Dasheng , Bian Erbao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The mesenchymal (MES) subtype of glioblastoma (GBM) is believed to be influenced by both cancer cell-intrinsic alterations and extrinsic cellular interactions, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored.

Methods
Identification of microglial heterogeneity by bioinformatics analysis. Transwell migration, invasion assays, and tumor models were used to determine gene function and the role of small molecule inhibitors. RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms.

Results
We identified the inflammatory microglial subtype of tumor-associated microglia (TAM) and found that its specific gene integrin beta 2 (ITGB2) was highly expressed in TAM of MES GBM tissues. Mechanistically, the activation of ITGB2 in microglia promoted the interaction between the SH2 domain of STAT3 and the cytoplasmic domain of ITGB2, thereby stimulating the JAK1/STAT3/IL-6 signaling feedback to promote the MES transition of GBM cells. Additionally, microglia communicated with GBM cells through the interaction between the receptor ITGB2 on microglia and the ligand ICAM-1 on GBM cells, while an increased secretion of ICAM-1 was induced by the proinflammatory cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Further studies demonstrated that inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 substantially reduced the recruitment of SNW1 to the super-enhancer of LIF, resulting in transcriptional inhibition of LIF. We identified notoginsenoside R1 as a novel LIF inhibitor that exhibited synergistic effects in combination with temozolomide.

Conclusions
Our research reveals that the epigenetic-mediated interaction of GBM cells with TAM drives the MES transition of GBM and provides a novel therapeutic avenue for patients with MES GBM.
The oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGD in combination with ONC201 induces a potent antitumor response in pediatric high-grade and diffuse midline glioma models
Authors: de la Nava Daniel , Ausejo-Mauleon Iker , Laspidea Virginia , Gonzalez-Huarriz Marisol , Lacalle Andrea , Casares Noelia , Zalacain Marta , Marrodan Lucía , García-Moure Marc , Ochoa Maria C , Tallon-Cobos Antonio Carlos , Hernandez-Osuna Reyes , Marco-Sanz Javier , Dhandapani Laasya , Hervás-Corpión Irati , Becher Oren J , Nazarian Javad , Mueller Sabine , Phoenix Timothy N , van der Lugt Jasper , Hernaez Mikel , Guruceaga Elizabeth , Koschmann Carl , Venneti Sriram , Allen Joshua E , Dun Matthew D , Fueyo Juan , Gomez-Manzano Candelaria , Gallego Perez-Larraya Jaime , Patiño-García Ana , Labiano Sara , Alonso Marta M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs), including diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs), are aggressive pediatric tumors with one of the poorest prognoses. Delta-24-RGD and ONC201 have shown promising efficacy as single agents for these tumors. However, the combination of both agents has not been evaluated.

Methods
The production of functional viruses was assessed by immunoblotting and replication assays. The antitumor effect was evaluated in a panel of human and murine pHGG and DMG cell lines. RNAseq, the seahorse stress test, mitochondrial DNA content, and γH2A.X immunofluorescence were used to perform mechanistic studies. Mouse models of both diseases were used to assess the efficacy of the combination in vivo. The tumor immune microenvironment was evaluated using flow cytometry, RNAseq, and multiplexed immunofluorescence staining.

Results
The Delta-24-RGD/ONC201 combination did not affect the virus replication capability in human pHGG and DMG models in vitro. Cytotoxicity analysis showed that the combination treatment was either synergistic or additive. Mechanistically, the combination treatment increased nuclear DNA damage and maintained the metabolic perturbation and mitochondrial damage caused by each agent alone. Delta-24-RGD/ONC201 cotreatment extended the overall survival of mice implanted with human and murine pHGG and DMG cells, independent of H3 mutation status and location. Finally, combination treatment in murine DMG models revealed a reshaping of the tumor microenvironment to a proinflammatory phenotype.

Conclusions
The Delta-24-RGD/ONC201 combination improved the efficacy compared to each agent alone in in vitro and in vivo models by potentiating nuclear DNA damage and in turn improving the antitumor (immune) response to each agent alone.
The making of towns, the making of polities: Towns and lords in late medieval Europe
Authors: Liddy Christian D 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The relationship between towns and lords was fundamental both to the making of towns and to the making of polities in the late Middle Ages. The European literature on state growth has led historians to focus on the role of towns in historicizing narratives of state formation and national exceptionalism. These different narratives have depended on urban typologies that emphasize the importance of the self-governing town at the expense of the town that operated under conditions of lordship. Yet the relationship between towns and lords was an essential, and inescapable, aspect of urban life.
The experiences of the English town of Walsall, in the historic county of Staffordshire, are set within a European context. Walsall’s small size made it typical of the majority of urban centres in late medieval Europe. In an enduring pattern, the late medieval town was a site of continuing political experimentation, and urban development necessitated lordship. The complex entanglements between towns and lords also shaped polities. The article makes a case for the comparability of local political landscapes in different parts of Europe.
Subgroups of Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Based on Baseline Antipsychotic Exposure: Clinical and Outcome Comparisons Across a 2-Year Follow-up Period
Authors: Pelizza Lorenzo , Di Lisi Alessandro , Leuci Emanuela , Quattrone Emanuela , Azzali Silvia , Pupo Simona , Paulillo Giuseppina , Pellegrini Pietro , Menchetti Marco 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Antipsychotic (AP) prescription in clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) subjects remains a divisive issue. Although official guidelines currently discourage AP treatment in CHR-P, it is common in clinical practice, especially for psychosis prevention. The aim of this study was to investigate whether baseline AP need (especially in high-dose) indexes a CHR-P subgroup with poorer prognosis and differs from AP-naïve subjects in terms of sociodemographic, clinical, and outcome parameters across a 2-year follow-up.

Study Design
CHR-P participants were treated within an “Early Intervention in Psychosis” program and completed the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale both at baseline and every 12 months. Individuals with baseline AP prescription were included in the high-dose or low-dose CHR-P-AP+ subgroup. The others were grouped as AP-naïve. Cox regression analyses and mixed-design ANOVA were performed.

Study Results
180 CHR-P individuals were enrolled (32 high-dose, 60 low-dose, and 88 AP-naïve). Compared to AP-naive, CHR-P AP+ subgroups showed older age and more severe clinical presentation. High-dose subgroup also had grater functioning decline at entry and poorer functional recovery at follow-up. No inter-group differences in psychosis transition and symptomatic remission were found. Significant improvement in clinical outcomes were found over time in all subgroups. Baseline AP prescription was specifically associated with a more relevant improvement in PANSS total score, and in negative and disorganized symptoms.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that baseline AP need is an important prognostic parameter in CHR-P and should be considered in risk/benefit calculators.
Proportion of Angle Closure Glaucoma in Tamale, Ghana
Authors: Liu Catherine K. , Ali Omair , Murdoch Ian , Simon Judith 
Published: March 2024

Précis:
In the largest clinic-based study to date, our review of 588 patients presenting with glaucoma in Northern Ghana revealed 36% of these had primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).

Objective:
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. In Africa, glaucoma is an established public health problem, and PACG is not commonly discussed. Recognizing it is important because of its negative impact on visual morbidity, and also because its treatment is different from primary open angle glaucoma. In response to the observation of many PACG cases at the Northern Community Eye Hospital in Tamale, Ghana, we investigated the proportion of those attending with a first diagnosis of glaucoma who had PACG.

Patients and Methods:
Using the electronic records, we identified 976 patients who attended with a first diagnosis of glaucoma between January 2021 and October 2022. Of these, 588 met the inclusion criterion of a clear glaucoma subtype diagnosis.

Results:
Of these 316 (53.7%) had primary open angle glaucoma, 210 (35.7%) PACG, and 62 (10.5%) secondary glaucoma. Thus, over a third of presenting glaucomas had PACG.

Conclusion:
This study highlights that PACG is present in about a third of patients presenting to our clinic in North Ghana. Our study demonstrates the importance of a clear diagnostic pathway including gonioscopy in the assessment of glaucoma patients and the consideration of wider training on angle closure glaucoma diagnosis and management.