bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid direct reversal photography
Authors: ChB J ROCHE , ARNOLD K 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY This is a description of a method which enables fast, direct‐reversal photography of radiological images for slides and was designed to retain: (i) continued use of an existing small darkroom; (ii) use of Kodak Rapid Process copy film; and (iii) use of standard X‐ray processors. By adaptation of a commercial photographic flash power pack, a flash head and a reflector it is possible to achieve a somewhat expensive but very successful system which enables the very rapid production of good quality image slides for lectures.
Ocular involvement in primary central nervous system lymphoma: An increasing clinical problem?
Authors: ROOS DANIEL E , O'BRIEN PETER C , CROMPTON JOHN L 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY A case of unilateral vitreous relapse in a patient with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) following sequential systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy is reported. A literature review reveals that ocular involvement may occur in up to 15–25% of cases during the course of this disease. Full ophthalmological assessment, including slit lamp examination, should be included in the routine staging of PCNSL at the time of initial diagnosis and subsequently if relapse occurs.
Hepatic uptake of a bone scan agent (99mTc‐MDP) in a patient with amyloidosis associated with plasma cell dyscrasia
Authors: JONES D N , LEW W , WYCHERLEY A G 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY This case report describes diffuse hepatic uptake of a diphosphonate bone scan agent (Technetium‐99m‐MDP) in a patient with amyloidosis associated with a plasma cell dyscrasia. Amyloid infiltration is one of the more rare, but well recognized, causes of hepatic uptake of bone scan tracer. Other causes are also discussed in this case report.
The falling anterior labrum
Authors: PIERCE MARK E , ASHMAN BRYAN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Two cases of a falling anterior glenoid labrum are presented. The anterior labrum appears normal on supine double contrast computed tomographic arthrography (DCCTA). However, on prone DCCTA the anterior labrum falls away from the glenoid. The addition of prone DCCTA in these two cases reveals a labral tear, occult on routine supine DCCTA.
Intracranial aspergillosis producing cavernous sinus syndrome and rupture of internal carotid artery
Authors: BREADMORE ROSS , DESMOND PATRICIA , OPESKIN KENNETH 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY A case of invasive, intracranial aspergillosis in a non‐immunocompromised patient, complicated by rupture of the internal carotid artery due to fungal arteritis, is presented. The computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings are discussed. This is a rare condition with a poor prognosis and requires a high level of suspicion when paranasal sinus disease is detected.
Hodgkins disease: Clinical and radiological prognostic factors in a laparotomy series
Authors: PENDLEBURY SUSAN C , KOUTTS JERRY , BOYAGES JOHN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFrom July 1979 to June 1988, 62 patients managed at Westmead Hospital underwent a staging laparotomy (LAP) for Hodgkins disease. Fifty‐four patients were clinical stage (CS) I or II and eight were CS III.The sensitivities of the imaging modalities of computed tomography (CT), Gallium and bipedal lymphangiogram (LAG) were assessed for their predictive value for abdominal disease in patients who underwent a LAP. The most sensitive combination for predicting a negative laparotomy (78%) was a negative abdominal CT and a negative Gallium scan. Upstaging occurred in two of 16 Stage I patients (13%) and nine of 38 Stage II patients (24%). Of the 11 patients upstaged, the spleen was involved in 10 (91%). Factors which predicted for upstaging in a univariate analysis were: age greater than 40 years (P= 0.02), mixed cellularity or lymphocyte depleted histology (P= 0.02), and more than three sites involved above the diaphragm (P= 0.008). In a multivariate analysis, the only significant predictor was the number of sites of involvement (P= 0.007). Two subgroups who had a low probability of upstaging were favourable histology patients with up to two sites of involvement (0%) and females with up to two sites of involvement (0%).We conclude that abdominal imaging is associated with a high false‐negative rate, particularly for CS II disease.
Echogenic splenic tumours in Type B Niemann‐Pick disease
Authors: SCHUBERT F 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case is presented of echogenic tumours in the spleen of a patient with Niemann‐Pick disease of the type B (or adult) type. A search of the literature revealed that a similar appearance has previously been reported in only one other case of Niemann‐Pick disease, which was a type C.
The role of Gallium‐67 scanning in febrile patients
Authors: MOURATIDIS B , LOMAS F 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe source of sepsis in febrile patients can be a difficult diagnostic problem. Gallium‐67 has been utilized as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of these patients. A retrospective review was done of 47 patients who presented with pyrexia of unknown origin (27 patients), postoperative fever (11 patients), septicaemia (4 patients) and miscellaneous sepsis (5 patients). Whole body imaging with Gallium‐67 gave an overall sensitivity and specificity of 86 and 77%, respectively, which compares favourably with previous studies. The sensitivity and specificity was similar in all patient subgroups. Gallium‐67 allowed for more effective and directed use of organ‐specific imaging modalities, such as computed tomography, ultrasound and guided intervention, in localizing and defining the source of sepsis. Where more than one possible source of fever was present, Gallium‐67 scanning correctly identified the activity of the different foci. Gallium‐67 scanning should be used early in the evaluation of patients presenting with fever of uncertain origin.
Hajdu–Cheney syndrome in a 3 1/2 year old girl
Authors: ZEMAN J , HOUSTKOVA H , KOZLOWSKI K 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYHajdu–Cheney acro‐osteolysis is reported in a 3 1/2 year old girl whose mother has the syndrome. Acroosteolysis was shown to be absent at the age of 2 1/2 years. It was demonstrated on hand X‐rays performed a year later. This is the youngest case of Hajdu–Cheney acro‐osteolysis reported in the literature.
A review of magnetic resonance imaging in spinal trauma
Authors: DAVIS S J , KHANGURE M S 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYOne hundred and ninety‐five magnetic resonance (MR) images (1.5 Tesla) of 167 patients with neurological impairment following spinal trauma were reviewed.Acute cord injury produces central haemorrhagic necrosis that extends transversely and longitudinally with time and increased injury severity. Oedoma is more homogeneous, extensive and dominant in minimal lesions. Magnetic resonance appearances correlate with neurological status and outcome. Patients with MR evidence of cord blood had severe clinical lesions and failed to show useful clinical improvement. Patients with homogeneous ‘oedema’improved to useful function. Lesion signal inhomogeneity relates to a worse prognosis. The clinical level correlates closely with cord blood or signal in homogeneity but imprecisely with homogeneous oedema. Disc herniations require differentiation from epidural blood and venous engorgement, which are prominent with bone displacement. Magnetic resonance is recommended in incomplete cord syndromes and in cord injuries with no apparent fracture, particularly if clinically deteriorating.Chronic injury consists of cavitation, extensive gliosis, cord atrophy and leptomeningeal fibrosis. Progressive myelopathy may result from cystic or non‐cystic intramedullary lesions. Cord cysts are common and cyst fluid signal should closely follow cerebrospinal fluid. Turbulent cyst fluid motion is commoner in larger cysts and may predict those cysts more prone to propagate. Progressive syrinxes show typical appearances, usually with transverse septa. Atrophy and propagating syrinxes usually take years to develop. Leptomeningeal cysts and spinal stenosis caused by bone displacement and accelerated adjacent disc disease may cause late deterioration. In progressive myelopathy following injury, surgically drainable cysts are clearly differentiable from cord gliosis and atrophy.
Segmental trends in cancellous bone structure in the thoracolumbar spine: Histological and radiological comparisons
Authors: EDMONDSTON STEPHEN J , BREIDAHL WILLIAM H , SINGER KEVIN P , DAY ROBERT E , PRICE ROGER I 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSegmental variations in vertebral body cancellous bone architecture throughout the thoracolumbar spine were examined using histomorphometry and microradiography, and compared to bone mass measured using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. In six human vertebral columns (T1 to L5) bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of each vertebral body was determined in the lateral projection. Sagittal plane cancellous bone architecture was assessed from two‐dimensional surface stained images and microradiographs of two 1 mm thick sections at each vertebral level. Computer‐assisted image analysis was used to measure the total bone area (TBA), mean trabecular width (MTW) and trabecular number (TbN) from the stained images, and the skeletonized network length (SNL) from the radiographic images. Consistent segmental trends were observed for all structural parameters across the six columns examined. Higher TBA and TbN values were observed in the upper thoracic segments and decreased caudally. The MTW was relatively constant in the thoracic vertebrae before increasing in the lumbar spine. Pooled correlations between TBA and the bone density measurements were poor (BMC: r=0.17, BMD: r= 0.25), while the TBA and SNL were only moderately correlated (r= 0.42). In conclusion, histomorphometric and radiological measurements appear to provide different information about cancellous bone structure. Bone structure is poorly correlated to integral measurements of bone mass. The consistent segmental variations in bone architecture appear to reflect a skeletal response to the relative extent of habitually applied loads in different regions of the spine.
Evaluation of the healing process in fractures using early and delayed bone scanning
Authors: MONDAL A , BHATNAGAR A , SHARMA R , BEHARI V , SAWROOP K , KHANNA C M 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFifty‐two fracture sites were evaluated by bone scintigraphy after acquiring similar views of the lesions at 4 and 24 h following technetium‐99 m methylene diphosphonate administration. After calculating 24/4 h radio‐uptake ratio (RUR) and using 1.15 as the critical point of separation, fresh healing lesions could be separated from old healed fractures persisting as ‘hot spots’with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 82%.The 24/4 h RUR technique is a new approach in measuring the osteoblastic activity at the lesion site. The technique appears to have clinical significance in the detection and follow up of the healing status of occult fractures where radiological procedures are of limited value.
Radiotherapy planning for lung cancer: Can we do better?
Authors: ATKINSON C H , HAMILTON C S , WYNNE C J 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYModern radiotherapy planning and treatment techniques allow the delivery of treatment with considerable geographic and dosimetric precision. Uncertainties and variability in the radiotherapy process prior to this stage, that is, localization of the target volume, has received little systematic study. The results of a planning study in non‐small cell carcinoma of the lung are presented to highlight the possible variability in the planning process, both at an inter‐clinician and intra‐clinician level. The implications of this survey, both in terms of treatment outcome and training issues, are discussed.
Colour Duplex Ultrasound: A screening modality for femoropopliteal disease in patients with intermittent claudication
Authors: LINKE R J , DAVIES R P , GILES A J , WALSH J A , THOMPSON B W 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn patients presenting with intermittent claudication, Colour Duplex Ultrasound (CDU) examination of the femoro‐popliteal segment has been proposed as a screening modality. Those patients with atheromatous lesions suitable for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) could proceed to diagnostic angiography. Patients with long segment occlusive disease demonstrated by CDU, who were not considered suitable candidates for surgery, would not require angiographic examination. This prospective study was performed on 46 limbs in 25 consecutive patients who presented for investigation of claudication. There was close correlation between the two methods in the demonstration of high‐grade stenoses and occluded segments. Using angiography as the ‘gold standard’this study indicated a diagnostic accuracy for CDU of 93% with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 95%. Angiography tended to show longer occluded segments than CDU. Colour Duplex Ultrasound shows promise as a screening investigation in patients with intermittent claudication to detect lesions that may be suitable for PTA.
Distended iliopsoas bursa: Case reports and anatomical dissection
Authors: LONERAGAN ROBERT , ANDERSON JAMES , TAYLOR JAMES 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYDistension of the iliopsoas bursa is usually seen in association with underlying hip joint disease. The computed tomography (CT) appearance is characteristic and allows a diagnosis to be readily made. Computed tomography will also facilitate needle placement for aspiration of bursa contents and the injection of water‐soluble contrast media for CT bursography. Three cases of iliopsoas bursa enlargement of varying underlying aetiology are presented. The dissection of seven cadavers demonstrated the anatomy of the normal bursa and highlighted its important role in the normal functioning of the iliopsoas muscle.
The effects of X‐ray contrast media on bacterial growth
Authors: Blake MP , Halasz SJ 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSix widely used X‐ray contrast media (XRC) were tested against nine commonly isolated organisms to determine the practicality of using XRC to outline body spaces prior to obtaining specimens for culture and to assess the feasibility of using XRC in divided doses to reduce cost. Preparations of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus milleri in two approximate concentrations of 104 and 108 colony forming units/mL (cfu/mL) were inoculated into the following XRC: Conray 280, Hexabrix 320, lopamiro 370, Omnipaque 350, Ultravist 300 and Optiray 320 each in two concentrations. Sampling was performed in triplicate at 0, 2, 4 and 20 h with the 20 h counts made after exposure at both 22°C and 4°C. There were 16 significant interactions, predominantly with the Gram‐negative organisms. Conray 280 produced the greatest number of effects. Most effects were bacteriostatic. Organisms were most susceptible at low concentration and after prolonged contact with XRC. No effect was seen with dilute XRC. All weekly sterility checks were negative. Non‐ionic XRC have no significant effect on the growth of Gram‐positive organisms and little effect on Gram‐negative organisms if processing is performed promptly. Using standard aseptic technique, no contamination of XRC occurred, suggesting multi‐dosing may be a safe and cost‐effective method of XRC utilization.
Mammographic appearances of mammary duct ectasia that mimic carcinoma in a screening programme
Authors: Sweeney DJ , Wylie EJ 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe aim of this study is to demonstrate the spectrum of mammographic appearances of mammary duct ectasia that mimic carcinoma in a breast cancer screening programme. Between February 1989 and March 1993, 40 003 women underwent screening mammography as part of the Western Australia Women's Cancer Prevention Unit screening programme. Fine needle aspiration or excisional biopsy was performed on 1437 women, and 12 cases of cytologically or histologically confirmed mammary duct ectasia were detected. A total of 14 mammographic abnormalities from 12 asymptomatic female patients were biopsied, and confirmed to represent mammary duct ectasia. The mammographic spectrum included eight areas of microcalcification (two of which were extensive), three spiculated masses and three lobulated, partially smooth masses. Five of these women showed no other mammographic stigmata of mammary duct ectasia in either breast. Additional features of mammary duct ectasia, including nipple retraction, retro‐areolar duct dilatation or macrocalcification were identified in seven women. Mammographic features of mammary duct ectasia are frequently detected in asymptomatic women undergoing screening mammography and cause no diagnostic dilemma. Occasionally mammary duct ectasia will have a mammographic appearance that is indistinguishable from carcinoma, necessitating breast biospy. In this study 40% of those women with mammary duct ectasia that were submitted for biopsy had no other feature of mammary duct ectasia that could have suggested the pre‐operative diagnosis.
Paget's disease of the breast: What the radiologist may expect to find
Authors: Rickard MT , Selopranoto US 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPaget's disease of the nipple is characterized by the presence of Paget's cells in the epidermis of the nipple or areola. Two case reports of Paget's disease are described and used to highlight unusual features of the disease. The literature on the radiographic and pathologic findings of this disease is reviewed.
Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis
Authors: Tai KS , Brockwell J , Chan FL , Janus ED , Lam KSL 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYCerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is a rare familial sterol storage disease with accumulation of cholestanol and cholesterol particularly in xanthomas, bile and brain. Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful modality for imaging the affected tissues. It contributes to the evaluation and management of the disease.
Stent placement in coeliac and superior mesenteric arteries to restore vascular perfusion following aortic dissection
Authors: Connell DA , Thomson KR , Gibson RN , Wall AJ 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe main trunks of both coeliac and superior mesenteric arteries were sheared off the abdominal aorta by an anterior dissection that spared the renal arteries. Both vessels were cannulated and a Walstent inserted across the false lumen to restore normal coeliac and superior mesenteric perfusion. This produced a successful haemodynamic and angiographic result with improvement in the patient's clinical condition.
Stenosis of the accessory renal artery: Doppler ultrasound findings
Authors: Hall NJ , Thorpe RJ , MacKechnie SG 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYStenosis of an accessory renal artery has been cited as a significant source of false‐negative results with conventional renal artery Duplex sonography in the investigation of renal artery stenosis. Two case reports of accessory renal artery stenosis that were detectable using the newer intrarenal Doppler ultrasound technique with sampling from both poles and the hilum are presented. The cases illustrate a further advantage of Doppler ultrasound of the intrarenal arteries over the conventional technique.
Dense artery sign of the middle cerebral artery: Traumatic cause
Authors: Shuaib IL , Crotch‐Harvey MA 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYDense artery sign of the middle cerebral artery on non‐enhanced computed tomography is recognized as an early sign of ensuing major cerebral infarction and is usually a consequence of thrombosis or embolism of an ischaemic stroke. A case is described resulting from trauma that correlated with angiographic and Doppler ultrasound findings and the significance of this sign in this case is discussed.
Intracranial meningioma with hepatic metastases and hypoglycaemia treated by selective hepatic arterial chemo‐embolization
Authors: Ferguson JM , Flinn J 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMeningiomas rarely give rise to metastases despite frequent dural invasion. A rare case of symptomatic hypoglycaemia due to extensive liver metastases from an angioblastic meningioma is described along with the use of hepatic arterial chemo‐embolization to effect palliation by reduction in tumour bulk.
Analgesia and sedation in interventional radiological procedures
Authors: Hiew C‐Y , Hart GK , Thomson KR , Hennessy OF 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe use of intravenous analgesia and anxiolytics in interventional radiology improves the patient's tolerance of potentially painful and prolonged procedures and allows the radiologist better control of the course of the procedure being undertaken. Monitoring of the patient's oxygen saturation, pulse rate, respiration, blood pressure and cardiac rhythm during a procedure is essential. Fentanyl and midazolam is a combination that is effective and convenient to use because both agents are relatively short acting, have little cardiovascular depression and are easily reversible (with naloxone and flumazenil). They are a better alternative to pethidine and diazepam because they can be more tightly titrated and controlled and are safer and more suitable for use in outpatients. Monitoring for respiratory depression is important and special care must be taken in the elderly and patients with hepatic, renal or chronic airways disease. General anaesthesia may be unavoidable in patients who are unstable, unco‐operative or who have raised intracranial pressure.
How much now to tell? Patients' attitudes to an information sheet prior to angiography and angioplasty
Authors: Phatouros CC , Blake MP 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA prospectively controlled pilot study of 100 patients undergoing an invasive radiological procedure was undertaken to test patients' acceptance of risk disclosure and whether this increases anxiety and rate of procedure cancellation. Two sheets with differing amounts of information on adverse outcome were randomly allocated and patients provided a graded response to statements following the procedure. Eighty‐one completed questionnaires were received (brief sheet n= 40; long sheet n= 41). There were 19 non‐compliers with main causes either due to lack of interest or problems such as language difficulties, visual impairment and dementia. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to subjective anxiety caused by the information or risk of procedure cancellation. This preliminary work has shown that information sheets are well accepted and provide a simple, standardized format for risk disclosure.
The bipartite tarsal navicular bone: Radiographic and computed tomography findings
Authors: Shawdon A , Kiss ZS , Fuller P 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwo cases of bipartite tarsal navicular bone are presented. The radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings of this anatomical variant are described. Correct recognition of this entity is important, both because it may be the cause of symptoms perse, and because it may be misdiagnosed as a fracture. When plain films are not diagnostic, CT scanning is helpful in distinguishing between a fracture and this variant.
Ultrasound screening of families with abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Larcos G , Gruenewald SM , Fletcher JP 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYRecent observations suggest that first degree relatives of patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are also at risk for the development of this disorder. The first degree relatives of 130 adults with known AAA were invited to attend for an ultrasound examination. Fifty‐two eligible relatives (mean age 53 years, range 41–73) from 38 families underwent sonographic screening. Using standard ultrasound criteria no participants were identified with an asymptomatic AAA. Thus, ultrasound of families of patients with AAA has a low yield and may not be useful for screening purposes.