bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food allergy
Authors: Werfel Thomas 
Published: October 2008

SummaryFood allergy is defined by a specific sensitization against food allergens which is associated with a clinical reaction. Immediate reactions are most common and the skin is most often involved in food allergy. Most food allergies are IgE‐mediated although eczema reactions in atopic dermatitis and in hematogenous contact dermatitis to foods can be mediated by specific T‐lymphocytes. Only few foods are responsible for the majority of most reactions in childhood. In adults up to 60% of all food allergic reactions are due to cross reactions between foods and inhalative allergens. A stepwise procedure which takes individual factors into account is necessary in the diagnostics of food allergy. The diagnostic algorithm in food allergy is not significantly different from that of other allergies. The oral provocation is the only method to prove food allergy in patients without a convincing history. A specific elimination diet is the only intervention which has been proven to be effective. Further therapeutic approaches are still under study and include specific immunotherapy, specific oral tolerance induction and treatment with anti‐IgE antibodies.
FGFR2 signaling and the pathogenesis of acne
Authors: Melnik Bodo , Schmitz Gerd 
Published: October 2008

SummaryAcne in Apert syndrome and unilateral segmental acneiform nevus are associated with mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), which are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of acne. Translational animal and cellular models, developmental biology studies and clinical observations have contributed to our understanding of FGF‐FGFR2 signaling in the pilosebaceous follicle. The importance of FGF‐FGFR2 signaling in mesenchymal‐epithelial interaction for skin appendage formation, pilosebaceous follicle homeostasis, come‐dogenesis and sebaceous gland proliferation is explored. Overstimulation of FGFR2 signaling with increased expression of interleukin‐1α explains acne in Apert syndrome und nevus comedonicus. Androgen‐mediated up‐regulation of FGFR2 signaling could be the initiating signal in the pathogenesis of acne. The gain of function FGFR2 mutations in Apert syndrome and unilateral acneiform nevus are most helpful model diseases for uncovering the fundamental process of androgen‐dependent mesenchymal‐epithelial FGF‐FGFR2 signaling in acne in Apert syndrome, nevus comedonicus and acne vulgaris.
Merkel cell carcinoma: molecular pathogenesis, clinical features and therapy
Authors: Becker Jürgen C. , Kauczok Claudia S. , Ugurel Selma , Eib Steffi , Bröcker Eva B. , Houben Roland 
Published: October 2008

SummaryMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. The incidence of this rare tumor is increasing rapidly; the American Cancer Society estimates for 2008 almost 1500 new cases in the U.S. Thus, the incidence of MCC will exceed the incidence of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. Moreover, the mortality rate of MCC with 33% is considerably higher than that of cutaneous melanoma. These clinical observations are especially disturbing as we are only recently beginning to understand the pathogenesis of MCC. For the same reason, the therapeutic approach is often unclear; reliable data are only available for the therapy of locoregional disease.
Management of Ischemic Penile Gangrene: Prompt Partial Penectomy and Other Treatment Options
Authors: Chiang I-Ni , Chang Shang-Jen , Kuo Yuh-Chen , Liu Shih-Ping , Yu Hong-Jeng , Hsieh Ju-Ton 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Penile gangrene is a rare but troublesome problem with high mortality rates. The etiologies could be infectious, traumatic, or vasculogenic. The treatment algorithm is controversial because of limited case numbers.

Aim
To describe our experiences in treating the patients with ischemic penile gangrene, to review the related literatures, and to try to summarize a practical algorithm for penile gangrene.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of five patients with penile gangrene treated between 1996 and 2006. Data obtained include the patients’ ages initial presentation, detailed histories, comorbidity, renal status, other vascular diseases, coagulation profile, treatment course, histology presentations, and prognosis were obtained.

Main Outcome Measures
Comparison of the patients’ ages, presentations, underlying diseases, the duration of conservative treatments, surgical options, resected penile length, and prognosis.

Results
All of the five patients underwent partial penectomy. One patient underwent immediate surgery while the other four had delayed partial penectomy because of progressive distal penile gangrenous change. There was no postoperative wound infection noted in any of the five patients and all had survived after 1 year follow-up. Three of them could void independently with a neourethra meatus. Two of them kept suprapubic cystostomy as a result of bladder outlet obstruction caused by an enlarged prostate and bed-ridden status.

Conclusions
Penile dry gangrene is an irreversible process. Early partial penectomy and correction of the underlying disease can prevent wound liquefaction, preserve more penile length, and improve quality of life.
The Erection Hardness Score and Its Relationship to Successful Sexual Intercourse
Authors: Goldstein Irwin , Mulhall John P. , Bushmakin Andrew G. , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Hvidsten Kyle , Symonds Tara 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The Erection Hardness Score (EHS), recently validated, was developed in 1998 as a simple (one-item) method to quantify erection outcome data. Although it is intuitive that erection hardness and successful sexual intercourse (SSI) are related, the link has not been directly established.

Objective
To evaluate the relationship between erection hardness (assessed by EHS) and SSI, establishing the EHS as a clinically useful tool.

Methods
The data set (N = 307) was from a multinational, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (with open-label extension) of sildenafil citrate in men with erectile dysfunction.

Main Outcome Measures
Event-based modeling used every intercourse attempt and the EHS to estimate the odds ratio of SSI between adjacent EHS categories. Mean-based modeling used mean EHS per patient to determine its relationship to percentage of SSI. Mediation-based modeling used mean EHS and mean percentage of SSI over the double-blind phase to estimate the direct effect of sildenafil treatment on SSI and the indirect effect of sildenafil treatment on SSI via erection hardness.

Results
The odds of SSI for EHS 3 (hard enough for penetration but not completely hard) were 41.9 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 33.0–53.2; P &lt; 0.0001) that for EHS 2 (hard but not hard enough for penetration), and the odds of SSI for EHS 4 (completely hard and fully rigid) were 23.7 times (95% CI, 19.5–28.9; P &lt; 0.0001) that for EHS 3. The percentage of SSI increased approximately curvilinearly with the increase in mean EHS, from almost 60% at EHS 3 to 78.5% at EHS 3.5 and to 93.1% at EHS 4. The indirect effect of sildenafil treatment on SSI via erection hardness accounted for almost 90% of the total effect on SSI (P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion
The close and direct relationship between erection hardness and SSI supports the broader use of the EHS—a simple, valid, reliable, and responsive measure—in clinical practice.
Acute Hepatitis Associated with Treatment of Peyronie's Disease with Potassium Para-Aminobenzoate (Potaba)
Authors: Roy Joey , Carrier Serge 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Potassium para-aminobenzoate is an agent used in the treatment of sclerotic diseases including Peyronie's disease of the penis. It has been reported that this medication may have been responsible for cases of acute liver injury.

Aim
To inform clinicians of the possibility of an adverse drug event associated with the oral intake of potassium para-aminobenzoate by reporting an additional case and compiling information from previous reports.

Methods
The affected patient's medical records were diligently reviewed; all available and relevant information pertaining to this adverse event is reported. Similar case reports were analyzed and compared, and relevant information was compiled in this report.

Results
The patient enjoyed a full biochemical recovery from his hepatitis 4 months after discontinuation of potassium para-aminobenzoate.

Conclusion
To date, the oral use of potassium para-aminobenzoate has been reported to be linked to acute liver injury in six individuals. Appropriate management of this adverse drug event is the immediate discontinuation of the offending drug and general patient support measures.
Correlation of the Erectile Dysfunction with Lesions of Cerebrovascular Accidents
Authors: Jeon Sang-Wohn , Yoo Koo Han , Kim Tae-Hwan , Kim Jin , Lee Choong-Hyun 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The recent human and animal studies indicate that the central supraspinal systems controlling penile erection, which are localized predominantly in the parts of the frontal lobe and limbic system, are reported to be involved in erection.

Aim
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the correlation of the erectile dysfunction (ED) with lesions of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA).

Methods
Forty-four men were selected among the CVA patients who had visited our hospital between March and July 2006. The audiovisual sexual stimulation (AVSS) test was conducted using Rigiscan device on the patients, whose erectile domain score of the International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire (IIEF) was less than 22. The criteria for adequate erectile function was the erectile events of &gt;60% rigidity for ≥5 minutes. The CVA lesions were classified into frontal lobe, cortex except frontal lobe, basal ganglia, thalamus, and other area. Each CVA lesions of ED group and non-ED group were compared.

Main Outcome Measure
IIEF, AVSS using Rigiscan.

Result
Thirty-eight patients’ erectile domain score of IIEF were less than 22, and the AVSS test was conducted on them. Eighteen patients showed no ED, and 20 patients showed ED. The mean age of the ED group was 60.40 ± 2.2, and the mean age of non-ED group was 55.29 ± 1.85. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean age of both groups (P = 0.081). As each CVA lesions of both groups were compared, the CVA lesions of the thalamic area in the ED group were significantly more than in the non-ED group (P = 0.010).

Conclusions
Patients (47.4%) who were suggestive of ED in the IIEF has no ED in the AVSS test. The patients who had CVA lesions in the thalamic area more commonly showed ED than the patients with CVA lesions of any other areas.
Penile Doppler Ultrasound in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction (ED): Role of Peak Systolic Velocity Measured in the Flaccid State in Predicting Arteriogenic ED and Silent Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Corona Giovanni , Fagioli Giorgio , Mannucci Edoardo , Romeo Annadina , Rossi Massimiliano , Lotti Francesco , Sforza Alessandra , Morittu Stefano , Chiarini Valerio , Casella Gianni , Di Pasquale Giuseppe , Bandini Elisa , Forti Gianni , Maggi Mario 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The use of the penile peak systolic velocity (PSV) measured in the flaccid state during penile color Doppler ultrasound (PCDU) examination has been questioned without substantial evidence.

Aim
To assess the validity of PSV measured in the flaccid state during PCDU, in patients consulting for erectile dysfunction (ED).

Methods
A consecutive series of 1,346 (mean age 55.0 ± 12.0 years) male patients was studied.

Main Outcomes Measures
All patients underwent PCDU performed both in the flaccid state and dynamic (after prostaglandin E1 stimulation) conditions. A subset of 20 subjects with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes underwent diagnostic testing for silent coronary heart disease by means of adenosine stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (SPECT). In these subjects penile arterial flow was simultaneously assessed by PCDU before and after systemic adenosine administration.

Results
Flaccid PSV showed a significant (r = 0.513, P &lt; 0.0001) correlation with dynamic PSV. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that when a threshold of 13 cm/seconds was chosen, flaccid PSV was predictive for dynamic PSV &lt; 25 and &lt;35 cm/seconds with an accuracy of 89% and 82%, respectively. Among the subset of patients who underwent SPECT, an impaired coronary flow reserve (ICFR) occurred in nine cases (45%). When the same threshold of &lt;13 cm/seconds was chosen, PSV before SPECT was predictive of ICFR with an accuracy of 80% (area under the ROC curve = 0.798 ± 0.10; P &lt; 0.05). After adjustment for confounders, anxiety symptoms were related to dynamic PSV (Adj. r = −0.154, P &lt; 0.05) but not to flaccid PSV.

Conclusions
Our results show that flow in the cavernosal arteries can be routinely evaluated by PCDU in the flaccid state. Performing PCDU only in the flaccid state allows identifying subjects with pathological dynamic PSV with accuracy higher than 80%. Furthermore, our preliminary data suggest that the same examination could identify diabetic subjects with ICFR with an accuracy of 80%.
An Experimental Analysis of Modifications to the Centralized Milk Quota Exchange System in Quebec
Authors: Doyon Maurice , Simard Virginie , Messer Kent D. , Tamini Lota D. , Kaiser Harry M. 
Published: October 2008

Using experimental economics, this paper tests the potential impacts of modifying the centralized quota exchange system in Quebec with the intent of decreasing the quota price while minimizing negative impacts on auction effectiveness. Two separate treatments are applied to a uniform price auction similar to that employed in Quebec. The first treatment is an exclusion (5% or 15%) of the highest buyer bids and seller offers. The second is a tax (2% or 10%) on all units offered for sale that remain unsold. Various combinations of the two treatments are also tested. The results suggest that exclusion of the highest bids and offers can decrease the price of the quota and that a 15% exclusion rate is more effective than a 5% rate. The tax alone has little impact on quota price. The combination of the two treatments generates a more marked reduction in both the number of exchanges and the price of the quota than when the tax or the exclusion is applied individually. However, the combination of treatments results in a greater loss of economic efficiency. In all cases, relatively small market price reductions are realized at the expense of substantial losses in economic efficiency. La présente étude teste de manière expérimentale la capacité d'une modification au système centralisé de vente du quota à faire diminuer le prix du quota laitier au Québec tout en minimisant les impacts négatifs des changements sur l'efficacité de l'enchère. Cette modification consiste à appliquer deux traitements sur l'enchère de prix uniforme où s'échange le quota. Le premier traitement consiste en une exclusion (5% ou 15%) des mises les plus élevées des acheteurs et des vendeurs. Le second traitement est une taxe (2% ou 10%) appliquée aux unités que les vendeurs mettent en marché et ne réussissent pas à vendre. Différentes combinaisons de ces deux traitements sont également testées. Les données générées permettent de conclure que le mécanisme d'exclusion des mises les plus élevées permet de faire diminuer le prix du quota, l'exclusion de 15%étant plus efficace que celle de 5%. Pour sa part, la taxe seule a peu d'impact sur le prix du quota tandis que la combinaison des deux traitements entraîne une diminution du nombre de transactions et du prix du quota plus marquée que lorsque les traitements de taxe et d'exclusion sont appliqués individuellement. Cela a comme corollaire d'entraîner une perte d'efficacitééconomique plus importante. Dans tous les cas, des baisses de prix de marché relativement modestes sont réalisées au coût d'importantes pertes d'efficacitééconomique.
BIOASSAY METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF TAUTOMYCIN IN THE FERMENTATION BROTH WITH SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM
Authors: CHEN XIAOLONG , ZHENG YUGUO , SHEN YINCHU 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT A simple, sensitive, selective and reproducible method based on agar dilution dish bioassay was developed for the determination of tautomycin in the fermentation broth. Calibration curves were prepared from concentration response curves in the broth and were linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.9969. The precision of the method based on within‐day repeatability and reproducibility (day‐to‐day variation) was below 5% (% coefficient of variations). Good accuracy was observed for the intraday or interday assays, as indicated by the minimal deviation of mean values found with measured samples from that of the theoretical values (below ±5%). Limit of quantification was accepted as 0.005 µg using 1 mL broth sample. The mean recovery for tautomycin was greater than 95%. The method could be used in the study of tautomycin, including fermentation, separation and structure modification. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis research could be used for the quantitative determination of tautomycin in the fermentation broth or other samples which contain tautomycin.
Vertebral chondrosarcoma with extensive pulmonary metastases in a dog
Authors: PARKER A. J. , KLOMP D. G. , SLUSHER R. , SIMON J. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical, radiological and pathological features of a chondrosarcoma of the second thoracic vertebra with extensive pulmonary metastases in a dog are presented.Résumé. On présente les particularités cliniques, radiologiques et pathologiques d'un cas de chondrosarcome de la deuxième vertèbre thoracique, accompagné de métastases pulmonaires intenses. rencontré chez un chien.Zusammenfassung. Die klinischen, radiologischen und pathologischen Merkmale eines Chondrosarkoms des zweiten Brustwirbels mit ausgedehnten Lungenmetastasen bci einern Hund werden beschrieben.
Successful surgical removal of an epileptogenic focus in a dog
Authors: PARKER ALAN J. , CUNNINGHAM JAMES G. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTA case of localized secondary fungal meningo‐encephalitis with seizures is presented. The clinical features and the surgical treatment of the case are described. Pre‐surgical and post‐surgical electroencephalograms and cessation of clinical signs revealed the successful removal of the epileptogenic focus. Some of the diagnostic features of chronic pyelonephritis, as they affect this case, are reported.Résumé. On décrit un cas de méningo‐encéphalite fungoïde, secondaire et localisée, accompagnée d'attaques brusques. On passe en revue les traits cliniques et le traitement chirurgical du cas. Les électro‐encéphalograrnmes avant et après l'opération et l'arrêt des signes cliniques ont révélé que le foyer épileptogène a pu être éloigné avec succès. On rapporte certains des éléments diagnostiques de la pyélo‐néphrite chronique qui intéressent ce cas.Zusammenfassung. Ein Fall von lokalisierter sekundärer fungaler Meningoencephalitis mit Anfallen wird beschrieben. Die klinischen Merkmale und die chirurgische Behandlung des Falles werden besprochen. Elektroencephalogramme vor und nach der chirurgische Behandlung. Und das Verschwinden der klinischen Merkmale zeigten die erfolgreiche Entfernung des epileptogenen Focus. Einige der diagnostischen Merkmale chronischer Pyelonephritis, welche von Bedeutung für diesen Fall waren, werden angegeben.
Canine embryonal nephroma: a case report
Authors: Drew R. A. , Done S. H. , Robins G. M. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTA short review of the literature is followed by a description of a rapidly‐metastasizing embryonal nephroma in a 12‐week‐old, female, Labrador pup. Particular attention is paid to the clinical signs, attempted treatment, post‐mortem findings and histopathology.Résumé. Après avoir donné un bref aperçu de la littérature, l'auteur décrit un néphrome em‐bryonnaire subissant une métastase rapide, rencontré chez une chienne Labrador de 12 semaines II s'arrěte sur les signes cliniques, le traitement suivi, les constatations après l'autopsie et l'histopathologie.Zusammenfassung. An eine kurze Literaturübersicht schliesst sich eine Beschreibung eines rasch metastasierenden embryonalen Nephroms bei einem 12 Wochen alten weiblichen Labra‐dorhund an. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird den klinischen Merkmalen, Behandlungsversuchen. Autopsiebefunden und der Histopathologie geschenkt.
Polycythaemia vera in a bitch
Authors: Bush B. M. , Fankhauser R. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTPolycythaemia vera was diagnosed in a 5‐year‐old Labrador Retriever bitch on the basis of an increased red blood cell mass without a decrease in the normal arterial blood oxygen concentration. Treatment with 2 mCi intravenous radioactive phosphorus (32P) was followed 5 months later by a reduction in the red blood cell mass which persisted for a further 5 months. Thereafter, the red cell mass increased and the animal died 8 months later. Post‐mortem examination showed the presence of generalized vascular congestion, fibrosis affecting the blood vessels, degeneration of parenchy‐matous organs and increased haematopoiesis and erythrocyte destruction.Résumé.On a diagnostiqué la polycythémie vera chez une chienne Labrador Retriever, a&#x030c;gée de 5 ans, sur base de la proportion accrue de globules rouges sans qu'il n'y ait de baisse de la concentration normale d'oxygène dans le sang artériel. Après le traitement au phosphore radioactif intraveineux 2 mCi (32P), on a assisté, 5 mois plus tard, à une réduction de la masse des globules rouges, qui s'est maintenue pendant encore 5 mois. Ensuite, la proportion de globules rouges augmenta et l'animal mourut 8 mois après. L'autopsie a révélé une congestion vasculaire généralisée, une fibrose affectant les vaisseaux sanguins, une dégénération des organes paren‐chymateux et une destruction accrue de l'hématopoésie et des érythrocytes.Zusammenfassung.Polycythaemia vera wurde bei einer 5 Jahre alten Labrador‐Retriever. Hündin auf Grund einer erhöhten Erythrocytenmasse ohne Verminderung der normalen arteriellen Blutsauerstoffkonzentration diagnostiziert. Auf die Behandlung mit 2 mCi intravenös verabreichten radioaktiven Phosphors (32P) folgte nach 5 Monaten eine Verminderung der Erythrocytenmasse, die weitere 5 Monate anhielt. Danach stieg die Erythrocytenmasse wieder an und das Tier starb 8 Monate später. Die Autopsie ergab das Vorhandensein einer generalisierten arteriellen Kongestion, Fibrosis der Blutgefässe, Degeneration der parenchymatösen Organe und vermehrte Hämatopoese und Erythrocytenzerstörung.
Changes in the dimensions of the uterus of the Beagle bitch during the oestrous cycle
Authors: Christie D. W. , Bell E. T. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTResults are presented of the changes in the dimensions of the horns of the uterus during the oestrous cycle in the Beagle bitch. The data, based on seventy‐three observations in fifty‐three animals, indicate that from the onset of oestrus the width and thickness of the uterus increase and reach peak values 7–9 weeks later.Résumé. On présente les résultats des changements de dimension des prolongements de l'utérus, rencontrés pendant l'oestre d'une chienne Beagle. Les données, basées sur soixante‐treize observations de cinquante‐trois animaux, indiquent que dès le commencement du cycle la largeur et l'épaisseur de l'utérus s'accroissent et atteignent leurs valeurs maximales sept à neuf semaines plus tard.Zusammenfassung. Es werden die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung von Dimensionsveränderungen der Uterushörner während des östrischen Zyklus bei der Beaglehündin angegeben. Die Daten von 73 Beobachtungen an 53 Tieren lassen erkennen, dass vom Beginn des Östrus die Breite und Dicke des Uterus zunehmen und 7 bis 9 Wochen später Maxima erreichen.