bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational design of high‐performance epoxy/expandable microsphere foam with outstanding mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties
Authors: Tang Haiwen , Li Yi , Zhu Ziyi , Zhan Yingqing , Li Ying , Li Kui , Wang Pan , Zhong Fei , Feng Wei , Yang Xulin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrevious studies on epoxy foams were subjected to the specific property, and improvements in thermal insulation or dielectric property were usually accompanied by the sacrifice of mechanical strength or thermal stability. The current research reported a high‐performance epoxy foam by the pre‐curing process using E‐51/DDS and expandable microsphere (EMP) as polymer matrix and physical blowing agent, respectively. The effect of EMP loading on the structure & property of epoxy foam was reported. The mean diameter of E‐51/EMP foam was in the range of 19–21 μm. The compression property of E‐51/EMP foam was fit for the power‐law model and its integrity was well maintained during compressive test. Compared with bulky epoxy, a significant decrease of thermal conductivity of 62.93% was observed in 10 wt% EMP‐filled epoxy foam. E‐51/EMP foam showed superior thermal stabilities, with a T5% of over 300°C. The dielectric constant was decreased by 54.5% from 4.92 in bulky epoxy to 2.24 in E‐51/EMP foam (10 wt% EMP). Notably, there was a percolation phenomenon of EMP (6 wt%) regarding on the structure & property of E‐51/EMP foam. This study provides lightweight, robust, high‐temperature‐resistant, and low‐dielectric‐constant epoxy foams with the wide application prospects in buoyant, electronic packaging, and energy‐saving industries.
Development of inducible promoters for regulating gene expression in Clostridium tyrobutyricum for biobutanol production
Authors: Feng Jun , Wang Qingke , Qin Zhen , Guo Xiaolong , Fu Hongxin , Yang Shang‐Tian , Wang Jufang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClostridium tyrobutyricum is an anaerobe known for its ability to produce short‐chain fatty acids, alcohols, and esters. We aimed to develop inducible promoters for fine‐tuning gene expression in C. tyrobutyricum. Synthetic inducible promoters were created by employing an Escherichia coli lac operator to regulate the thiolase promoter (PCathl) from Clostridium acetobutylicum, with the best one (LacI‐Pto4s) showing a 5.86‐fold dynamic range with isopropyl β‐
d‐thiogalactoside (IPTG) induction. A LT‐Pt7 system with a dynamic range of 11.6‐fold was then created by combining LacI‐Pto4s with a T7 expression system composing of RNA polymerase (T7RNAP) and Pt7lac promoter. Furthermore, two inducible expression systems BgaR‐PbgaLA and BgaR‐PbgaLB with a dynamic range of ~40‐fold were developed by optimizing a lactose‐inducible expression system from Clostridium perfringens with modified 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) and ribosome‐binding site (RBS). BgaR‐PbgaLB was then used to regulate the expressions of a bifunctional aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase encoded by adhE2 and butyryl‐CoA/acetate Co‐A transferase encoded by cat1 in C. tyrobutyricum wild type and Δcat1::adhE2, respectively, demonstrating its efficient inducible gene regulation. The regulated cat1 expression also confirmed that the Cat1‐catalyzed reaction was responsible for acetate assimilation in C. tyrobutyricum. The inducible promoters offer new tools for tuning gene expression in C. tyrobutyricum for industrial applications.
Inhibition of hyphal formation together with biochar addition promotes erythritol production by Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Liu Fangmei , Xia Kai , Chen Yuqing , Zhu Ling , Zhu Lingzhi , Zhao Xuequn , Sha Ruyi , Huang Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of hyphal formation in Yarrowia lipolytica and biochar addition on erythritol production by submerged fermentation. Hyphal formation significantly inhibited erythritol production by Y. lipolytica. Transcriptome analysis suggested that the impaired erythritol synthesis of hyphal cells was associated with the differential expression of genes involved in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and cell wall stability. Deletion of RAS2 responsible for yeast‐to‐hypha transition and EYD1 included in erythritol degradation blocked hyphal formation and improved erythritol production. Biochar prepared from corncob, sugarcane bagasse (SB), corn straw, peanut shell, coconut shell, and walnut shell (WS) had a positive effect on erythritol production, of which WS pyrolyzed at 500°C (WSc) performed the best in flask fermentation. In a 3.7 L bioreactor, 220.20 ± 10 g/L erythritol with a productivity of 2.30 ± 0.10 g/L/h was obtained in the presence of 1.4% (w/v) WSc and 0.7% SBc (SB pyrolyzed at 500°C) within 96 h. These results suggest that inhibition of hyphal formation together with biochar addition is an efficient way to promote erythritol production.
Sequence‐based design and construction of synthetic nanobody library
Authors: Liu Chuanyong , Li Yanping , He Qinghua , Fu Jinheng , Wei Qingting , Lin Hao , Luo Ying , Tu Zhui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNanobody (Nb), the smallest antibody fragments known to bind antigens, is now widely applied to various studies, including protein structure analysis, bioassay, diagnosis, and biomedicine. The traditional approach to generating specific nanobodies involves animal immunization which is time‐consuming and expensive. As the understanding of the antibody repertoire accumulation, the synthetic library, which is devoid of animals, has attracted attention widely in recent years. Here, we describe a synthetic phage display library (S‐Library), designed based on the systematic analysis of the next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of nanobody repertoire. The library consists of a single highly conserved scaffold (IGHV3S65*01‐IGHJ4*01) and complementary determining regions of constrained diversity. The S‐Library containing 2.19 × 108 independent clones was constructed by the one‐step assembly and rapid electro‐transformation. The S‐Library was screened against various targets (Nb G8, fusion protein of Nb G8 and green fluorescent protein, bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, and acetylcholinesterase). In comparison, a naïve library (N‐Library) from the source of 13 healthy animals was constructed and screened against the same targets as the S‐Library. Binders were isolated from both S‐Library and N‐Library. The dynamic affinity was evaluated by the biolayer interferometry. The data confirms that the feature of the Nb repertoire is conducive to reducing the complexity of library design, thus allowing the S‐Library to be built on conventional reagents and primers.
Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot
Authors: Khosravi Gholam‐Reza , Mostafavi Samaneh , Bastan Sanaz , Ebrahimi Narges , Gharibvand Roya Safari , Eskandari Nahid 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTumors can be classified into distinct immunophenotypes based on the presence and arrangement of cytotoxic immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hot tumors, characterized by heightened immune activity and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), stand in stark contrast to cold tumors, which lack immune infiltration and remain resistant to therapy. To overcome immune evasion mechanisms employed by tumor cells, novel immunologic modulators have emerged, particularly ICIs targeting cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4) and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death‐ligand 1(PD‐1/PD‐L1). These agents disrupt inhibitory signals and reactivate the immune system, transforming cold tumors into hot ones and promoting effective antitumor responses. However, challenges persist, including primary resistance to immunotherapy, autoimmune side effects, and tumor response heterogeneity. Addressing these challenges requires innovative strategies, deeper mechanistic insights, and a combination of immune interventions to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapies. In the landscape of cancer medicine, where immune cold tumors represent a formidable hurdle, understanding the TME and harnessing its potential to reprogram the immune response is paramount. This review sheds light on current advancements and future directions in the quest for more effective and safer cancer treatment strategies, offering hope for patients with immune‐resistant tumors.
The effect of a spiritual intelligence‐based counselling programme on suicidal ideation and self‐concept among retirement
Authors: Alshareef Basma Eid , Alfuqaha Othman A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSpiritual counselling techniques can offer individuals a sense of new meaning and a way to cope with difficulties. However, no prior study has specifically examined the effectiveness of a spiritual intelligence counselling programme on suicidal ideation and self‐concept among retired individuals.AimsThis study aimed to evaluate how a new counselling programme focusing on spiritual intelligence helps retired individuals deal with suicidal ideation and self‐concept.Materials and MethodsA total of 40 retired individuals were split into two groups: one that received the counselling programme (experimental group = 20) and one that did not (control group = 20) based on their initial scores of suicidal ideation and self‐concept scales. The experimental group went through a 10‐session counselling programme, meeting for 90 min each week from April to June 2023.ResultsBased on means, standard deviations and analysis of variance, results found significant differences in scores between those who underwent the counselling programme and those who did not. The experimental group revealed a decrease in suicidal ideation and an improvement in self‐concept after completing the counselling programme. Males seemed to benefit more from the spiritual intelligence‐based counselling programme than females in reducing suicidal ideation. There was no difference between males and females regarding self‐concept.DiscussionThe spiritual counselling programme improves self‐concept and reduces suicidal ideation among retired individuals.ConclusionThe results suggest that the spiritual intelligence‐based counselling programme shows promise in addressing mental health issues among retired individuals.
The linear pattern of therapeutic alliance development: Exploring the relationship between alliance trajectories over time and the outcomes of systemic psychotherapy treatment for adaptation disorders
Authors: Prusiński Tomasz 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the trajectories of therapeutic alliance development in individual systemic psychotherapy for adults with adaptation disorders and the differences in alliance development between groups with different treatment outcomes.MethodThe longitudinal quasi‐experiment included 20 patients undergoing individual outpatient psychotherapy treatment in private practice for over a year. Therapeutic alliance was evaluated three times, by the psychotherapist and the patient simultaneously. Treatment outcomes were estimated twice based on patient ratings. Their clinical significance was assessed using the Reliable Change Index, analysis of variance for independent groups and trend analysis. The analyses concerned global therapeutic alliance and its three dimensions: goals, tasks and bonds.ResultsThe study supported the hypothesised linear trend. It also confirmed a greater increase in alliance quality over the course of treatment in patients whose therapy was more successful.ConclusionThe results indicate that, in patients with adaptation disorders, alliance development in systemic therapy follows a stable linear trend. The linear change observed for global therapeutic alliance is paralleled by similar trends in goals, tasks and bonds. Strong alliance correlates with better treatment outcomes.
Pore structure and oxygen content design of amorphous carbon toward a durable anode for potassium/sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Shi Xiaodong , Zhou Chuancong , Gao Yuxin , Yang Jinlin , Xie Yu , Feng Suyang , Zhang Jie , Li Jing , Tian Xinlong , Zhang Hui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBoth sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are considered as promising candidates in grid‐level energy storage devices. Unfortunately, the larger ionic radii of K+ and Na+ induce poor diffusion kinetics and cycling stability of carbon anode materials. Pore structure regulation is an ideal strategy to promote the diffusion kinetics and cyclic stability of carbon materials by facilitating electrolyte infiltration, increasing the transport channels, and alleviating the volume change. However, traditional pore‐forming agent‐assisted methods considerably increase the difficulty of synthesis and limit practical applications of porous carbon materials. Herein, porous carbon materials (Ca‐PC/Na‐PC/K‐PC) with different pore structures have been prepared with gluconates as the precursors, and the amorphous structure, abundant micropores, and oxygen‐doping active sites endow the Ca‐PC anode with excellent potassium and sodium storage performance. For PIBs, the capacitive contribution ratio of Ca‐PC is 82% at 5.0 mV s−1 due to the introduction of micropores and high oxygen‐doping content, while a high reversible capacity of 121.4 mAh g−1 can be reached at 5 A g−1 after 2000 cycles. For SIBs, stable sodium storage capacity of 101.4 mAh g−1 can be achieved at 2 A g−1 after 8000 cycles with a very low decay rate of 0.65% for per cycle. This work may provide an avenue for the application of porous carbon materials in the energy storage field.
Risks of malignancy in the major nongynecologic cytopathology reporting systems: Critiques and discussions
Authors: Pusztaszeri Marc P. , Saieg Mauro , Baloch Zubair W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe ever‐increasing popularity of standardized systems for reporting cytopathology has led in part to much attention to and importance of the risk stratification schemes, especially the risks of malignancy (ROMs), which are associated with the different diagnostic categories and upon which recommendations for clinical management are based. However, it is well known that the ROM calculations are based on retrospective reviews of the existing literature, representing a heterogeneous patient population, and are plagued by significant biases and variations. Statistically, the ROM represents the post‐test probability of malignancy, which changes with the test result and with the prevalence of malignancy (or pretest probability) in an individual practice setting and individual patient presentation. Therefore, the clinical utility of the ROM is questioned and likely needs a second look in the nongynecologic cytopathology reporting systems. In this communication, the authors discuss the status of the ROM estimates according to the most commonly used nongynecologic reporting systems, including for thyroid, salivary glands, and others, highlighting similarities and differences with a focus on the limitations of ROM estimates and their application in clinical practice.
Effect of Non‐Thermal Sulfur Hexafluoride Cold Plasma Modification on Surface Properties of Polyoxymethylene
Authors: Chodkowski Michał , Terpiłowski Konrad , Románszki Loránd , Klébert Szilvia , Mohai Miklós , Károly Zoltán 
Published: March 2024

AbstractX‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to reveal the differences in the chemical structure of the topmost layer after plasma modification. It was found out that changes in the surface properties of the polymer could be observed even after 20 seconds of treatment. The surface becomes hydrophobic or superhydrophobic, with the water contact angles up to 160 degrees. Morphological changes and increased roughness can be observed only in the nanoscale, whereas the structure seems to be unaffected in the microscale. As a result of plasma modification a permanent hydrophobic effect was obtained on the polyoxymethylene surface.
Epithelial Na+Channels Function as Extracellular Sensors
Authors: Kashlan Ossama B. , Wang Xue‐Ping , Sheng Shaohu , Kleyman Thomas R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe epithelial Na+channel (ENaC) resides on the apical surfaces of specific epithelia in vertebrates and plays a critical role in extracellular fluid homeostasis. Evidence that ENaC senses the external environment emerged well before the molecular identity of the channel was reported three decades ago. This article discusses progress toward elucidating the mechanisms through which specific external factors regulate ENaC function, highlighting insights gained from structural studies of ENaC and related family members. It also reviews our understanding of the role of ENaC regulation by the extracellular environment in physiology and disease. After familiarizing the reader with the channel's physiological roles and structure, we describe the central role protein allostery plays in ENaC's sensitivity to the external environment. We then discuss each of the extracellular factors that directly regulate the channel: proteases, cations and anions, shear stress, and other regulators specific to particular extracellular compartments. For each regulator, we discuss the initial observations that led to discovery, studies investigating molecular mechanism, and the physiological and pathophysiological implications of regulation. © 2024 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol14:5407‐5447, 2024.
Stimuli‐Induced Controls of Magnetic and Photophysical Properties Using Liquescent Open‐Shell Ionic Molecular Systems
Authors: Suzuki Shuichi , Tanaka Ritsuki , Shu Ruifeng , Naota Takeshi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study explores the remarkable properties of liquescent open‐shell ionic molecular systems, emphasizing the magnetic and photophysical characteristics arising from their associated structures in the condensed state under various conditions. Well‐investigated open‐shell molecules, namely, phenothiazine, dihydrophenazine, and tetrathiafulvalene radical cations, and bis(malononitriledithiolato)nickel(III) anionic complexes were examined, and the concept of liquescent open‐shell ionic molecular systems was devised. Transformations in their associated structures are induced by external stimuli, resulting in significant variations in their physical properties. These experimental findings open new avenues for exploring and applying stimuli‐responsive molecule‐based materials.
Tandem Electrooxidation – Reductive Amination of Biobased Isohexides Towards Bicyclic Diamines
Authors: Windels Simon , Vanhoof Jef R. , Spittaels Sander , Coeck Robin , De Vos Dirk E. , Cuypers Thomas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIsohexide‐derived diamines are considered preferred precursors for the production of biobased polyurethanes and polyamides. However, current synthesis methods from isohexides suffer from serious issues concerning selectivity and the recyclability of the process auxiliaries (e. g. homogeneous catalysts), which renders a translation to the industry highly unlikely. Here, we report on the production of such diamine building blocks, via a tandem electrooxidation – reductive amination process in which the process auxiliaries can be easily recycled. The application of (immobilized) TEMPO in combination with simple halides (e. g. NaBr) in the electrochemical step even enables the oxidation of the sterically hindered exo‐OHs of the isohexides to the corresponding diketones (yield up to 99 %). In the subsequent reductive amination, the produced ketones are atom‐efficiently converted to isohexide diamines utilizing NH3, H2, and Ru/C and an acid resin cocatalyst.
Narrow and wide band monopole antenna design using heterogeneous bidirectional recurrent neural network for LTE and UWB applications
Authors: Ramya S. , Vijayalakshmi P. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe proposed antenna is a small wideband monopole with wideband circular polarization using heterogeneous bidirectional recurrent neural network for both narrow and wide band applications (NWB‐MAD‐HBRNN). The electromagnetic structure is designed, fabricated, and simulated with 1 mm thickness on FR4 substrate material along dielectric constant 4.3. The proposed antenna includes 4.3–8.85 GHz for ultrawideband applications; it contains reconfigurable narrow band for L‐band 1.27 GHz, LTE, and ultrawideband applications. To enhance the antenna impedance bandwidth (BW) along axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW), a slit is etched at the antenna patch, a rectangular stub is inserted into the ground plane, and semicircular stub is added to the top of antenna feed line. The better agreement is observed in the measured and simulated gain performance of 4.8 dB for LTE band applications. The proposed NWB‐MAD‐HBRNN design provides 13.50%, 18.91%, and 22.58% higher bandwidth and 18.36%, 20.38%, and 27.58% lower return loss than the existing designs, such as bio‐inspired wideband antenna for wireless applications based on perturbation technique (BWA‐WA‐PA), a compact circularly polarized modified printed monopole antenna for wireless applications (CCP‐MPMA‐WA), and new multiband monopole antenna for certain broadband wireless applications along wireless personal communications (PA‐MMA‐BWA), respectively.
Impact of coronary microvascular dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a meta‐analysis
Authors: D'Amario Domenico , Laborante Renzo , Bianchini Emiliano , Ciliberti Giuseppe , Paglianiti Donato Antonio , Galli Mattia , Restivo Attilio , Stolfo Davide , Vergallo Rocco , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Crea Filippo , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Lund Lars H. , Metra Marco , Patti Giuseppe , Savarese Gianluigi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsSeveral mechanisms have been identified in the aetiopathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Among these, coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) may play a key pathophysiological role. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to investigate the prevalence, echocardiographic correlates, and prognostic implications of CMD in patients with HFpEF.Methods and resultsA systematic search for articles up to 1 May 2023 was performed. The primary aim was to assess the prevalence of CMD. Secondary aims were to compare key echocardiographic parameters (E/e′ ratio, left atrial volume index [LAVi], and left ventricular mass index [LVMi]), clinical outcomes [death and hospitalization for heart failure (HF)], and prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) between patients with and without CMD. Meta‐regressions according to baseline patient characteristics and study features were performed to explore potential heterogeneity sources. We identified 14 observational studies, enrolling 1138 patients with HFpEF. The overall prevalence of CMD was 58%. Compared with patients without CMD, patients with HFpEF and CMD had larger LAVi [mean difference (MD) 3.85 confidence interval (CI) 1.19–6.5, P < 0.01)], higher E/e′ ratio (MD 2.76 CI 1.54–3.97; P < 0.01), higher prevalence of AF (odds ratio 1.61 CI 1.04–2.48, P = 0.03) and higher risk of death or hospitalization for HF [hazard ratio 3.19, CI 1.04–9.57, P = 0.04].ConclusionsCMD is present in little more than half of the patients with HFpEF and is associated with echocardiographic evidence of more severe diastolic dysfunction and a higher prevalence of AF, doubling the risk of death or HF hospitalization.