bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of body temperature to solar radiation in restrained nymphal migratory grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae): influences of orientation and body size
Authors: LACTIN DEREK J. , JOHNSON DAN L. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. .We restrained forty‐nine nymphal migratory grasshoppers (Melanoplus sanguinipes) in a series of orientations to the sun and measured rate of temperature change due to radiation intercepted, compensating for temperature loss by convection and greybody reradiation. Direct solar radiation affected body temperature significantly, but diffuse radiation did not. The coefficient of direct solar heating (Hdir), varied from 0.603 to 0.690 depending on how radiation interception was estimated, and on whether insect size was expressed as mass or as a function of length. H is the rate of temperature change as a proportion of the maximum rate assuming complete conversion of all incident radiation to heat. None of the Hdir estimates was significantly different from visible‐spectrum absorbance to (0.722), suggesting that the latter is a reasonable approximation of HdirIn simulations, equilibrium body temperature elevation decreased with body size where energy influx was expressed as the amount intercepted (W), but increased with body size when expressed as insolation as (W m‐2) because at a specified insolation, the amount of energy intercepted increases with body size. Expressing energy influx as the amount intercepted reveals the underlying biophysical mechanisms which determine body temperature.This paper presents a model of body temperature elevation in which fundamental physical processes are assembled to provide good estimates. This basis in physics implies that the model can can be applied with confidence to conditions other than those in which it was derived.
Photoperiodic induction of diapause in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae: qualitative or quantitative time measurement?
Authors: KROON ANNEMARIE , VEENENDAAL RENÉ , VEERMAN ALFRED 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Insects and mites may measure photoperiods eitfier by classifying them as long or short relative to a critical value (qualitative time measurement) or by using the absolute value (quantitative time measurement). The spider mite Tetranychus urticae is thought to use a qualitative mechanism of time measurement. In this paper we present the results of experiments with an inbred line of the spider mite (to keep genetic variation in photoperiodic responses small), to test whether quantitative aspects also play a role. Differences in diapause incidence in different long‐night photoperiods at different temperatures may be an indication of quantitative responses to photoperiod.The effect of temperature on the photoperiodic response curve was studied at 16oC, 19oC and 22oC. The response curves appeared to be similar at 16oC and 19oC, with a critical nightlength between 10 and 11 h. At 22oC, diapause induction was less than 100% in all long‐night regimens and die critical nightlength had shifted to 12 h. Maximum diapause induction (93%) occurred in a light‐dark cycle with a 16 h dark phase (LD 8:16 h). Diapause induction was lowest in long‐night photoperiods with dark phases of 20 h and longer.The number of light‐dark cycles needed for 50% diapause induction at 19oC varied. between 12.1 and 14.7 for LD 6:18 h, between 10.9 and 12.5 for LD 8:16 h, between 10.6 and 11.6 for LD 10:14 h, and between 10.1 and 10.7 for LD 12:12 h. Independent of die light‐dark regimen, diapause induction took place in some individuals after receiving 8 cycles and virtually all individuals entered diapause after 16 cycles.No effect was found of the photoperiodic treatment during prediapause development (LD 6:18 h, LD 8:16 h, LD 10:14 h, LD 12:12 h) on diapause duration. The average diapause duration at LD 10:14 h and 19oC was 61 days over all four treatments.We explained the results by hypothesising that nightlengths are assessed qualitatively and mat the photoperiodic clock operates more accurately near the critical nightlength.
Interplay between tectonics and compaction in a rift‐margin, lacustrine delta system: Miocene of the Eger Graben, Czech Republic
Authors: RAJCHL MICHAL , ULIČNÝ DAVID , MACH KAREL 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Early Miocene Bílina Palaeodelta consists of fluvio‐deltaic and lacustrine clastics deposited along the south‐eastern margin of the extensional Most Basin, part of the Eger Graben in north Bohemia (Czech Republic). The Bílina succession shows evidence of repeated advances of an axial deltaic system across a thick accumulation of organic material and clay in the hangingwall of an active fault. Exposures up to ca 4·5 km long in the Bílina open‐cast mine help bridge the gap between seismic scale and typical outcrop scale of observation and thus allow the relationships between small‐scale and basin‐scale stratal geometries to be evaluated. The Bílina Palaeodelta deposits include sand‐dominated, fluvial channel fills and heterolithic sheets interpreted as delta plain strata, sand‐dominated mouth‐bar wedges and heterolithic sheets of prodeltaic deposits, passing distally into lacustrine clays. The depositional environment is interpreted as a fluvial‐dominated, mixed‐load, lacustrine delta with a high degree of grain‐size segregation at the feeder‐channel mouths. On the largest temporal and spatial scales, variable tectonic subsidence controlled the overall advance and retreat of the delta system. The medium‐term transgressive‐regressive history was probably driven by episodes of increased subsidence rate. However, at this temporal scale, the architecture of the deltaic sequences (deltaic lobes and correlative lacustrine deposits) was strongly affected by: (i) compaction of underlying peat and clay which drove lateral offset stacking of medium‐term sequences; and (ii) growth of a fault‐propagation fold close to the active Bílina Fault. At the smallest scale, the geometries of individual mouth bars and groups of mouth bars (short‐term sequences) reflect the interaction among sediment loading, compaction and growth faulting that produced high‐frequency relative lake‐level fluctuations and created local accommodation at the delta front.
The redox switch of γ‐glutamylcysteine ligase via a reversible monomer–dimer transition is a mechanism unique to plants
Authors: Gromes Roland , Hothorn Michael , Lenherr Esther D. , Rybin Vladimir , Scheffzek Klaus , Rausch Thomas 
Published: March 2008

SummaryIn plants, the first committed enzyme for glutathione biosynthesis, γ‐glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), is under multiple controls. The recent elucidation of GCL structure from Brassica juncea (BjGCL) has revealed the presence of two intramolecular disulfide bridges (CC1, CC2), which both strongly impact on GCL activity in vitro. Here we demonstrate that cysteines of CC1 are confined to plant species from the Rosids clade, and are absent in other plant families. Conversely, cysteines of CC2 involved in the monomer–dimer transition in BjGCL are not only conserved in the plant kingdom, but are also conserved in the evolutionarily related α‐ (and some γ‐) proteobacterial GCLs. Focusing on the role of CC2 for GCL redox regulation, we have extended our analysis to all available plant (31; including moss and algal) and related proteobacterial GCL (46) protein sequences. Amino acids contributing to the homodimer interface in BjGCL are highly conserved among plant GCLs, but are not conserved in related proteobacterial GCLs. To probe the significance of this distinction, recombinant GCLs from Nicotiana tabacum (NtGCL), Agrobacterium tumefaciens (AtuGCL, α‐proteobacteria) and Xanthomonas campestris (XcaGCL, γ‐proteobacteria) were analyzed for their redox response. As expected, NtGCL forms a homodimer under oxidizing conditions, and is activated more than threefold. Conversely, proteobacterial GCLs remain monomeric under oxidizing and reducing conditions, and their activities are not inhibited by DTT, despite the presence of CC2. We conclude that although plant GCLs are evolutionarily related to proteobacterial GCLs, redox regulation of their GCLs via CC2‐dependent dimerization has been acquired later in evolution, possibly as a consequence of compartmentation in the redox‐modulated plastid environment.
Efficacy Of Cythioate Against Fleas On Dogs And Cats
Authors: Fisher Margaret A. , Pilkington Jill G. , Jacobs Dennis E. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract— ‐The efficacy of cythioate (O,O‐dimethyl‐O‐p‐sulphamoylphenyl phosphorothioate) against Ctenocephalides spp was investigated in two controlled field trials involving 12 dogs and 11 cats, respectively. At a dose‐rate of 3 mg kg‐1, the flea population of greyhounds heavily infected with Ct. canis and Ct.felis was reduced by over 95 per cent, while an efficacy figure in excess of 90 per cent was recorded against Ct. felis in lightly infected cats treated at 1.5 mg kg‐1.Résumé— L'efficacité du cythioate (O,O‐dimethyl‐O‐p‐sulphamoyl‐phenyl phosphorothioate) contre Ctenocephalides spp a étéévaluée dans deux expérimentations controlées par rapport à des lots témoins et portant respectivement sur 12 chiens et 11 chats. Pour une dose moyenne de 3 mg Kg‐1, la population des puces sur des Greyhounds lourdement infestés par Ct. canis et Ct.felis fut réduite de plus de 95%, cependant qu'un taux d'efficacité supérieur à 90% fut constaté contre Ct. felis sur des chats légèrement infestés, à la dose de 1.5 mg Kg‐1.Zusammenfassung— Die Wirksamkeit von Zythioath (O,O‐dimethyl‐O‐p‐sulphamoylphenyl phosphorothioate) gegen Ctenocephalides spp. wurde in zwei kontrollierten Feldversuchen an 12 Hunden und 11 Katzen geprüft. Bei einer Dosis von 3 mg/kg wurde die Flohpopulation von Greyhounds, die mit Ct. canis und Ct. felis massiv infiziert waren, über 95% reduziert. Bei leicht infizierten Katzen, die mit 1.5 mg/kg behandelt wurden, lag die Wirksamkeit gegen Ct. felis bei über 90%.
Epidermal Mast Cells in the Cat
Authors: SCOTT DANNY W. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract— Mast cells were found in the surface epidermis and outer root sheath epithelium in 37 of 338 cats (11.6 per cent) with non‐neoplastic skin disorders. Epidermal mast cells were most commonly found in the eosinophilic plaque and the eosinophilic granuloma. Thevast majority of dermatoses wherein epidermal mast cells were found were characterised by: (1) a presumed immune‐mediated pathogenesis, and (2) tissue eosinophilias.Résumé— Des mastocytes ont été observés dans l'épiderme superficiel ainsi que dans l'épithélium folliculaire chez 37 chats parmi 338 (11,6%) atteints de dermatoses non néoplasiques. Les mastocytes épidermiques ont été le plus souvent trouvés dans la plaque éosinophilique et le granulome éosinophilique. La grande majorité des dermatoses présentant des mastocytes épidermiques était caractérisée par: (1) la présomption d'une pathogénie immunodépendante et (2) une éosinophilie tissulaire.Zusammenfassung— Mastzellen konnten in der oberflächlichen Epidermis und in den Epithelien der äußeren Wurzelscheide bei 37 von 338 untersuchten Katzen (11.6%) mit nicht‐neoplastischen Plaques oder eosinophilem Granulom gefunden werden. Die überwiegende Zahl der Dermatosen, bei denen epidermale Mastzellen auftraten, war durch die beiden Kriterien 1) vermutlich immunvermittelte Pathogenese und 2) Gewebs‐Eosionophilie charakterisiert.Resumen  En el presente trabajo se describe la presencia de mastocitos en la epidermis superficial y en la vaina folicular externa de 37 gatos de 338 examinados (11,6%) ninguno de los gatos examinados padecia enfermedades neoplásicas. Los mastocitos epidérmicos fueron más frecuentes en animates que padecian placas eosinofilicas y granulomas eosinofilicos. La gran mayoría de las dermatosis en las cuales se detectan mastocitos epidérmicos cuales se se caracterizan por: 1. Una posible patogenia inmunomediada y 2. eosinofilia tisular.
Efficacy of Enrofloxacin in the Treatment of Canine Bacterial Pyoderma
Authors: PARADIS MANON , LEMAY SUZIE , SCOTT DANNY W. , MILLER WILLIAM H. , WELLINGTON JOCELYN , PANICH RADA 
Published: March 2008

Abstract— Bacterial pyoderma was diagnosed in 30 dogs which were subsequently treated with enrofloxacin administered orally at 2.5 mg.kg‐1 of body weight every 12 h, for 2 to 14 weeks. Dogs were re‐examined at the conclusion of antibiotic treatment and 28 (93.3 per cent) were found to have an excellent response. Relapses were seen in 25 per cent of these dogs after follow up periods of 1 to 4 months. Minor side effects were seen in only 1 dog. On the basis of this study, enrofloxacin is an excellent antibiotic for the treatment of canine bacterial pyoderma but must be administered well beyond the manufacturer's maximum recommendation for duration of therapy.Résumé— Une pyodermite bactérienne a été diagnostiquée chez 30 chiens qui furent traités avec de l'enrofloxacine administrée par voie orale à la dose de 2.5 mg/Kg toutes les 12 heures, pour une durée allant de 2.5 à 14 semaines. Les chiens furent réexaminés à la fin de l'antibiothérapie et 28 d'entre eux (93.3%) présentaient une excellente réponse au traitement. Des rechutes furent observées chez 25% des chiens lors de suivis portant sur des périodes de 1 à 4 mois. Des effets secondaires mineurs furent observés chez l'un des chiens. Cette étude montre que l'enrofloxacine est un excellent antibiotique pour le traitement des pyodermites canines mais, qu'il doit être administré pendant des délais beaucoup plus longs que ceux qui sont indiqués par le fabricant.Zusammenfassung— 30 Hunde mit bakteríellen Pyodermien wurden zweieinhalb bis vierzehn Wochen lang oral mit Enrofloxacin behandelt (2 täglich 2.5 mg/kg KGW). Nach Abschluß der Behandlung wurden die Tiere erneut untersucht. Bei 28 Patienten (93.3%) wurden hervorragende Ergebnisse erzielt. Bei 25% kam as nach 1 bis 4 Monaten zu Rezidiven. Geringe Nebenwirkungen wurden nur in einem Fall beobachtet. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt, daß Enrofloxacin ein hervorragendes Antibiotikum für die Behandlung von Pyodermien ist, aber wesentlich länger als vom Hersteller angegeben verabreicht werden muß.Resumen  Treinta perros, a los cuales se había diagnosticado una epiderma bacteriana, fueron tratado con Enrofloxacina via oral a una dosis de 2,5 mg/kg de peso corporal cada 12 horas durante un período de tiempo que oscíló entre las 2,5 semanas y las 14 semanas. Los perros se examinaron clínicamente de nuevo cuando acabó el tratamiento antibiótico y se observó en 28 (93,3%) una respuesta excelente. En un 25% de estos perros se observaron recidivas en un período comprendido entre uno y cuatro meses. Efectos colaterales de poca importancia se observaron úicamente en un animal. Según estos resultados puede concluirse que la Enrofloxacina es un antibiótico excelente para el tratamiento de las piodermas bacterianas del perro, aunque debe administrarse durante un período de tiempo superior al que recomiendan los productores.
A Spontaneously Regressing Pseudolymphoma in a Dog Resembling Pseudo‐Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: MILLER WILLIAM H. , TAMKE PATRICIA G. , SCOTT DANNY W. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract— A case report of a dog with a lymphohistiocytic proliferative disorder of the skin, third eyelids and lymph nodes is presented. Skin biopsies showed a nodular to diffuse cellular proliferation of lymphohistiocytic cells with many cytological features of malignancy. Numerous Reed‐Sternberg cells were present. The pathological diagnosis was malignant lymphoma with cytological features of Hodgkin's disease. The dog experienced a spontaneous remission which has lasted for over three years.Résumé— Le cas clinique d'un chien présentant un désordre prolifératif lymphohistiocytaire de la peau, des troisièmes paupières et des ganglions lymphatiques est présenté. Des biopsies de peau ont motré une prolifération de nature nodulaire à diffuse des cellules lymphohistiocytaires avec plusieurs caractères cytologiques de malignité. De nombreuses cellules de Reed‐Sternberg étaient présentes. Le diagnostic histologique était celui d'un lymphome malin avec des signes cytologiques de maladie de Hodgkin. Le chien a presénté une rémission spontanée qui a duré plus de 3 ans.Zusammenfassung— Der Fallbericht eines Hundes mit einer lymphohistiozytären, proliferativen Erkrankung von Haut, Nickhäuten und Lymphknoten wird beschrieben. Die Untersuchung von Hautbiopsien erbrachte eine noduläre bis diffuse zelluläre Proliferation der lymphohistiozytären Zellen mit zahlreichen zytologischen Anzeichen für maligne Veränderungen. Zahlreiche Reed‐Sternberg‐Zellen traten auf. Die pathologische Diagnose lautete “malignes Lymphom mit zytologischen Merkmalen der Hodgkinschen Erkrankung”. Es kam zu einer spontanen Remission, die sich über drei Jahre erstreckte.Resumen  Se describe un caso de una enfermedad linfohistiocítica proliferativa que afectaba a la piel, al tercer párpado y a los ganglios linfáticos. Las biopsias cutáneas mostraron una proliferación nodular a difusa de células linfoides con características de malignidad. Se apreciaban numerosas células de Reed‐Sternberg. El diagnóstico histopatológico fue linfoma maligno con características citológicas de enfermedad de Hodgkin. El perro sufrió una remisión espontánea que duró más de tres años.
Follicular Dysplasia in Adult Black and Red Doberman Pinschers
Authors: MILLER WILLIAM H. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract— Four black and two red Doberman Pinschers with a slowly progressive, dorsal hypotrichosis were studied. All six dogs developed the hair loss as adults and hypotrichosis was permanent. Skin biopsies showed changes compatible with follicular dysplasia.Résumé— L'etude porte sur 4 Dobermans noirs et 2 Dobermans marrons présentant une hypotrichose dorsale d'extension progressive. L'hypotrichose dorsale d'extension progressive. L'hypotrichose s'est développée chez les 6 chiens à l'âge adulte et est permanente. Les biopsies cutanées ont montré des images compatibles avec le diagnostic de dysplasie folliculaire.Zusammenfassung— Bei vier schwarzen und zwei roten Dobermännern wurde eine langsam fortschreitende dorsale Hypotrichose festgestellt. Alle 6 Hunde verloren als adulte Tiere permanent Haare. Die histologischen Untersuchungen zeigten Veränderungen, die einer Follikeldysplasie entsprechen.Resumen  Se describe la presencia de una hipotricosis dorsal de progresión lenta en cuatro perros de raza Doberman color negro y dos perros de raza Doberman y color rojo. En los seis animales la hipotricosis se inició cuando eran adultos y se mantuvo de forma permanente. Las biopsias cutáneas mostraron cambios histopatológicos compatibles con una displasia folicular.
Studies on the Virulence of Staphylococcus hyicus
Authors: ALLAKER ROBERT P. , LLOYD DAVID H. , LAMPORT ANNE I. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract— Culture supernatants from six Staphylococcus hyicus isolates were concentrated by ultrafiltration and were injected intradermally into the abdominal skin of 2‐week‐old piglets. Two distinct types of reaction were observed; (1) a focal erythema and (2) an exfoliative reaction with crusting. The severity of these reactions and the number of animals affected differed between isolates. The exfoliative reaction observed in these skin tests may be a good indicator of virulence.Résumé— Les surnageants de six souches de Staphylococcus hyicus ont été concentrés par ultrafiltration et furent injectés par voie intradermique dans la peau de l'abdomen de porcelets ägés de deux semaines. Deux types distincts de réactions furent observés: (1) un éryhème focal et (2) une réaction d'exfoliation avec apparition de croûtes. L'intensité de ces réactions et le nombre d'animaux atteints différaient selon les souches. La réaction d'exfoliation observée lors de ces tests pourrait être un bon indicateur de virulence.Zusammenfassung— Überstände der Kultur von sechs Staphylococcus hyicus‐Isolaten wurden durch Ultra‐zentrifugieren konzentriert und bei 2 Wochen alten Ferkeln intradermal in die Abdominalhaut injiziert. Es konnten zwei deutlich unterscheidbare Reaktionen beobachtet werden: (1) ein fokales Erythem und (2) eine exfoliative Reaktion mit Krustenbildung. Die Schwere dieser Reaktionen und die Zahl der betroffenen Tiere war je nach Isolat unterscheidlich. Die exfoliative Reaktion bei diesen Hauttests könnte ein guter Indikator für die Virulenz sein.Resumen  Los sobrenadantes de 6 cultivos diferentes de Staphylococcus hyicus se concentraron mediante ultrafiltración y se inyectaron via intradérmica en la piel abdominal de lechones de dos semanas de edad. Se observaron dos tipos de reacción: (1) un eritem focal y (2) una reacción exfoliativa y costrosa. La gravedad de las reacciones y el nümero de animales afectados variaba en functión del cultivo utilizado. La reacción exfoliativa que se observó en estos tests intradérmicos puede ser un buen indicador de virulencia.
The Efficacy of Clemastine (Tavist), a Fatty Acid‐containing Product (Derm Caps), and the Combination of Both Products in the Management of Canine Pruritus
Authors: PARADIS MANON , LEMAY SUZIE , SCOTT DANNY W. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract— Thirty dogs having pruritus associated with atopy or idiopathy were treated with the HI‐blocking antihistamine, clemastine (Tavist), a fatty acid‐containing nutritional supplement (Derm Caps/Derm Caps ES), and both products simultaneously. Each product, and the combination of the two, were given for a two week period. Tavist and Derm Caps/Derm Caps ES each afforded satisfactory control of pruritus in 26.7 per cent of the dogs. The combination appeared to produce a synergistic effect in three dogs. Pruritus was satisfactorily controlled in 43.7 per cent of the dogs when Tavist and Derm Caps/Derm Caps ES were administered concomitantly.Résumé— Trente chiens souffrant de prurit associé soit à de l'atopie ou soit de causes indéterminées furent traités avec l'antihistaminique bloqueur H1, clémastine (Tavist), un supplément nutritionnel contenant des acides gras (Derm Caps ou Derm Caps ES) ainsi que les deux produits simultanément. Chaque produit ainsi que la combinaison des deux ont été donnés durant deux semaines et 26.7% des chiens ont démontré un contrôle satisfaisant du prurit avec soit le Tavist soit le Derm Caps/Derm Caps ES. L'utilisation des produits en combinaison semble avoir produit un effet synergique chez trois chiens. e prurit fut contrôlé de façon satisfaisante dans 43,7% des cas quand le Tavist et de Derm Caps. Derm Caps ES étaient administrés simultanément.Zusammenfassung— 30 Hunde mit Pruritus—durch Atopie oder idiopathisch bedingtwurden mit dem die H1‐Rezeptoren blockierenden Antihistaminikum Clemastin (Tavist), mit einem fettsäurehaltigen Futterzusatz (Derm Caps) und mit einer Kombination aus diesen beiden behandelt. Jedes dieser Produkte allein sowie beide zusammen wurden jeweils 2 Wochen gegeben. Tavist und Dermcaps alleine führten jeweils zu einer zufriedenstellenden Kontrolle des Pruritus in 26.7% der Fälle. Beide Produkte zusammen schienen einen synergistischen Effekt bei drei Tieren zu haben. Der Pruritus wurde mit der Kombination von Tavist und Derm Caps in 43.7% der Fälle zufriedenstellend kontrolliert.Resumen  Treinta perros que padecían cuadros pruriginosos asociados a atopia canina o de origen idiopático se trataron con un antihistamínico bloqueador de los receptores H1, la clemastina (Tavist), con un suplemento nutricional que contenía ácidos grasos (Derm Caps) y con ambos productos simultáneamente. Cada producto y la combinación de ambos se administró durante un periodo de dos semanas de duración. El Tavist y Derm Caps consiguieron un control satisfactorio del prurito en el 26,7% de los casos. La combinación de ambos productos parecía producir un efecto sinergístico en 3 perros. El prurito se controló de forma satisfactoria en el 43,7% de los perros cuando se administraba concomitantemente el Tavist y el Derm Caps.