bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological Analysis of Technology Use Among Children in Collaborative Design Contexts
Authors: Toprani Dhvani , Borge Marcela 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn this paper, we extend findings from previous iterations of a design‐based project called ThinkerSpaces design studios that promotes human‐centred design among children. ThinkerSpaces design studios is a play‐based afterschool club that follows principles of embedded design by prioritising learner agency, exploration and ongoing reflection for the purpose of improvement.MethodsIn this study, we wanted to examine the difference in collaborative interactions across different technological conditions and the learning outcomes these conditions provided. Thus, we created three comparative technology conditions, that is, physical, screen and mixed technologies, each of which represented a collaborative learning environment dominated by a particular kind of technology. We ran three different sections of the club to vary these technology conditions and control when we introduced them. We use a mixed‐methods approach to analyse the data and capture distinct aspects of the learning ecology to understand the following questions: (RQ1) How do collaborative interactions differ as young learners engage with different technologies; and (RQ2) What does productive and unproductive talk looked like across conditions and what learning opportunities do they provide. Our population included 36 third to seventh grade learners enrolled across three club section. Learners were placed into four triads in each section for a period of 14–18 weeks.FindingsWe found that physical technologies produced the most productive talk, followed by the mixed technology condition. Screen‐based technologies produced the most unproductive talk. However, when we further investigated unproductive talk, we discovered that unproductive talk supported different forms of agency and creativity that facilitated learners' ability to develop digital fluency. Students also learned how to regulate collaborative activity around technology. We use these findings to propose changes in technology integration approaches in teaching and learning.ContributionWe end the paper by proposing a collective technology integration framework that helps facilitators design learning environments that promote learner agency in the process of technology integration.
Knowledge (Co‐)Construction Among Artificial Intelligence, Novice Teachers, and Experienced Teachers in an Online Professional Learning Community
Authors: Jin Fangzhou , Peng Xiangmei , Sun Lanfang , Song Zicong , Zhou Keyi , Lin Chin‐Hsi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere are various challenges to teachers' use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) for professional learning. Although GenAI is expected to play a transformative role in teachers' learning, its impact on them remains subtle.ObjectivesGuided by community of practice, this paper examines the integration of GenAI into an online professional learning community (OPLC) to facilitate knowledge co‐construction among GenAI, novice teachers and experienced teachers.MethodsWe used a mixed‐methods approach that included topic modelling and sentiment analysis on the quantitative side and content analysis for the qualitative data.ResultsWe identified the top three latent themes in the OPLC's discourse—(1) generating instructional material, (2) assessment, and (3) pedagogy—and six distinct teacher‐GenAI interaction profiles. For novice teachers, these included ‘engaged AI explorers’, ‘selective satisfiers’ and ‘silent strategists’; and among experienced teachers, we discerned ‘careful critics’, ‘reflective realists’ and ‘cautious contemplators’. Novice teachers exhibited technological adaptivity, while experienced ones engaged reflectively with content and focused more on students, and GenAI proved effective at providing instructional materials.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate how GenAI can contribute to knowledge co‐construction, as a facilitator of rather than a replacement for human interaction.
Characteristics of Skin Lesions Determine the Therapeutic Response of Facial Café Au Lait Macules Laser Therapy
Authors: Liu Yuanzhi , Yang Wanshan , Ding Yuan , Yang Bin , Liu Zhenfeng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe efficacy of laser treatment for facial café au lait macules (CALMs) is random.AimTo compare the response of different characteristics of CALMs skin lesions to laser treatment.Patients/MethodsIn this single‐center retrospective case series, patients with café au lait macules who received laser treatment between 2015 and 2022 at our clinic were reviewed. A total of 319 consecutive patients were eligible and were treated with either a 755‐nm‐alexandrite picosecond laser or a quality‐switched 755‐nm‐alexandrite laser. Observers were blinded to the final patient groups. Efficacy was graded according to four levels of treatment response: poor (Grade 1, 0%–25% improvement), fair (Grade 2, 26%–50% improvement), good (Grade 3, 51%–75% improvement), and excellent (Grade 4, 76%–100% improvement). Treatment effects evaluated as Grades 2–4 were considered effective.ResultsOf the 319 patients, excellent and good responses were observed in 80 (25.08%) and 66 (20.69%) cases, respectively. Fifty‐two patients (16.30%) displayed an outcome of Grade 2 (26%–50% improvement), whereas 121 (37.93%) cases showed an outcome of Grade 1 (0%–25% improvement). The overall treatment effective rate (Grades 2–4) was 62.07%. Binary logistic regression analysis showed a significant association of therapeutic efficacy with lesion distribution (segmental vs. non‐segmental CALMs) and lesion border (irregular vs. regular) (p < 0.05 for both).ConclusionsSegmental and irregular border CALMs tended to respond well to laser therapy. Clinicians can leverage these characteristics to predict efficacy and manage patient expectations more effectively.
Broken bonds: how COVID‐19 border restrictions transformed experiences and conceptualizations of citizenship
Authors: OGG KATE 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMost scholarship on human mobility in the context of COVID‐19 border restrictions is either doctrinal or focuses on health and wellbeing. This article adds to the limited research on COVID‐19 border restrictions’ socio‐political implications by uniquely investigating how these laws and policies affected experiences and conceptualizations of citizenship. I take Australia as a case study because it implemented some of the world's strictest COVID‐19 border laws. This qualitative, interview‐based study brings the citizenship and legal consciousness literatures into conversation and makes contributions to both fields. The article extends theories exploring the sentimental and existential aspects of citizenship by examining loss of citizenship as a sensation as opposed to a legal reality. The study also provides new angles on debates about ‘legal alienation’ as a distinct form of legal consciousness.
Multidimensional niche partitioning allows coexistence of multiple snake species
Authors: Sawada K. , Watanabe Y. , Kobayashi K. , Magome Y. , Abe H. , Kamijo T. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractInvestigations on resource use by predators are important for understanding the mechanisms of biological coexistence. Although time, habitat, and diet are considered the three major dimensions for niche partitioning, studies that comprehensively investigate these dimensions in predator guilds are limited. Snakes are one of the predators whose populations have been reported to be declining worldwide. While diet has been considered as a fundamental variable that allows snakes to coexist, the importance of spatiotemporal resources has also been noted especially in temperate regions. To clarify the coexistence mechanisms of terrestrial snakes, we assessed the niche partitioning patterns of snakes on Sado Island, a Japanese island rich in snake species, from the perspectives of spatiotemporal and dietary resources. Specifically, we investigated the daily and seasonal occurrences as temporal niches, landscape‐level distribution as a spatial niche, and stomach content as a dietary niche. We found that niche partitioning in all three major resources occurred among snake species on the island. Daily occurrence was partitioned into three groups: completely diurnal, nocturnal, and active during both periods. Seasonal occurrence was partitioned into three groups: widely active from spring to autumn, mainly active in summer, and mainly active in autumn. Distribution was partitioned into two groups: mainly distributed in lowlands and distributed even in mountainous areas. Food habits were partitioned into three groups: rodents, frogs, and earthworms as main prey, respectively. Our results provide empirical evidence that snakes can coexist through multidimensional niche partitioning, and that spatiotemporal resources are also an important force in terrestrial snake coexistence. Furthermore, we suggest that snakes on the island coexist through subtle differences along the three major niche axes, and that conservation of a variety of niches, rather than a single niche, will increase the species diversity of local snakes.
The Global Burden of Cirrhosis and Other Chronic Liver Diseases in 2021
Authors: Tham Ethan Kai Jun , Tan Darren Jun Hao , Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Ng Cheng Han , Syn Nicholas , Koh Benjamin , Lim Ryan Yan Zhe , Wijarnpreecha Karn , Teng Magaret Li Peng , Nah Benjamin Kai Yi , Sim Benedix Kuan Loo , Cheng Xianda , Zhang Zixuan , Mitra Kartik , Nakamura Toru , Takahashi Hirokazu , Loomba Rohit , Zheng Ming‐Hua , Muthiah Mark , Huang Daniel Q. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimThe burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases has changed in recent years due to shifts in the contributing aetiologies. We estimated the burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases, including etiological and regional differences, across 204 countries and territories from 2010 to 2021.Approach and ResultsWe analysed temporal trends in the burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases utilising data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. We estimated annual frequencies and age‐standardised rates (ASRs) of incident cases, deaths and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) by sex, country, World Health Organisation region and its contributing aetiologies. In 2021, there were an estimated 58 417 006 incident cases, 1 425 142 deaths and 46 417 777 DALYs related to cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases. From 2010 to 2021, there was a rise in age‐standardised incidence rates (ASIRs) (APC: +0.35%) but age‐standardised death rates (ASDRs) (APC: −1.74%) and age‐standardised disability‐adjusted life‐years (ASDALYs) (APC: −1.85%) declined. Cirrhosis related to metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) contributed to 48 310 981 incident cases in 2021 and was largely responsible for the overall increase in ASIRs from 2010 to 2021. Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases related to MASH were the only aetiology with a rise in ASIR (APC: +0.86%). Age‐standardised deaths related to all aetiologies of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases declined during the study period. Age‐standardised deaths and DALYs related to MASH increased in the Americas, unlike all other world regions where they declined or remained stable.ConclusionsAge‐adjusted deaths related to cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases are declining. However, the age‐adjusted incidence of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases is increasing, driven by increases in the incidence of MASH.
The ecology of polyploid establishment and exclusion, with implications for polyploid biogeography
Authors: Osterman Wilhelm H. A. , Hagan James G. , Whitton Jeannette , Bjorkman Anne D. 
Published: February 2025

SummaryThe relationship between polyploid formation, triploid fitness and plant reproduction has been studied for over a century, and uniparental reproduction has long been recognized to play a crucial role in polyploid establishment. Yet, we lack a synthesized framework of how polyploid establishment is expected to be influenced by different reproductive modes among angiosperms. Here, we provide new perspectives on how uniparental reproduction, pollination ecology, triploid fitness and assortative mating can impact minority cytotype exclusion (MCE) and, thereby, the likelihood of polyploid establishment. We review the current state of knowledge of the reproductive mechanisms that impact polyploid establishment and discuss often overlooked aspects of these processes, such as the influence of pollinator communities on rates of self‐pollination. We propose a framework for considering how variation in reproductive strategies and pollinator communities can impact the ability of a polyploid to overcome MCE. Finally, we propose links between patterns of variation in uniparental reproduction across plant communities and observed patterns in the distribution and abundance of polyploids.
Evolution of sexual systems and regressive evolution in Riccia
Authors: Levins Jonathan , Paukszto Łukasz , Krawczyk Katarzyna , Maździarz Mateusz , Arch Billie C. , Cargill D. Christine , Flores‐Sandoval Eduardo , Szablińska‐Piernik Joanna , Sulima Paweł , Szczecińska Monika , Kulshrestha Samarth , Davies Kevin M. , Sawicki Jakub , Bowman John L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The genus Riccia is the most speciose of the Marchantiopsida, the complex thalloid liverworts. In contrast to the predicted ancestral liverwort and the majority of extant liverworts that are dioicous, most Riccia species are monoicous. Both the gametophyte and the sporophyte generations have undergone regressive evolution in Riccia, with the sporophyte lacking many adaptations for spore dispersal.
Phylogenetic reconstructions suggest multiple transitions between dioicy and monoicy, and vice versa, within the Riccia. We analysed the genomes of two Riccia species and the transcriptomes of two additional Riccia species to explore the evolution of sexual systems and investigate genomic signatures of regressive evolution.
Genomic analyses suggest a transition from dioicy to monoicy at the base of the Riccia clade and a subsequent reversion to dioicy with the concomitant evolution of a new sex chromosome, followed by further transitions back to monoicy. Additionally, Riccia species exhibit significant losses of transcription factors known to control aspects of sporophyte and gametophyte development.
Comparisons with the monotypic sister genus, Ricciocarpos, suggest independent evolutions to both monoicy and reductive morphologies in the two genera. The reductive morphology has facilitated their colonization of extreme habitats but has perhaps canalized them to remain there.
Julius Kovesi and The Quartet: Another way of remaking moral philosophy
Authors: Tapper Alan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis article situates the Australian moral philosopher Julius Kovesi (1930–1989) in the context of the ‘Quartet’ of women philosophers—Iris Murdoch, Elizabeth Anscombe, Philippa Foot and Mary Midgley—with whom he was associated in various ways. His connections with the Quartet have not been documented previously, but they are not minor or incidental. Foot herself credits him with being one of the ‘members of a small band of guerrillas fighting the prevailing orthodoxy of anti‐naturalist emotivism and prescriptivism in ethics, and challenging the Humean doctrine of the gap between “is” and “ought”’. The evidence shows that Kovesi made a distinctive contribution to the reshaping of moral philosophy that the Quartet were developing. In particular, it shows him as developing a Wittgensteinian but not an Aristotelian moral philosophy.
Universal new blood cell elution method with extensive phenotyping
Authors: Caruccio Lorraine , Byrne Karen , Stroncek David F. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesNo erythrocyte elution method developed is uniformly successful or allows elution/phenotyping together. We previously developed an elution method using deionised formamide. We modified it to be universal for various cell types and call it modified formamide‐method (Fm‐method). It also preserves cells for phenotyping after elution.Materials and MethodsFm‐method reagent contains deionised formamide, buffered high salt, EDTA, TE. Elution‐reagent is removed by column centrifugation. Blood samples were used for development and validation. Results compared to commercial/common antibody elution/phenotyping methods.ResultsFm‐method eluted antibodies, complement, other proteins, and nucleic acids and works with erythrocytes, leukocytes, other cells. It worked better than commercial kits used for elution/phenotyping with no false positives/negatives. It did not denature Kell and Lewis antigens and could be repeated as needed on samples to recover more antibodies and clean cells for phenotyping. Western blotting, PAGE and FCM demonstrated eluted proteins were not degraded and cells remained intact.ConclusionFm‐method is excellent for elution and phenotyping and permits elution and phenotyping with one method and sample. It is useful for studies of various bound molecules and cell surface structures. It should be possible to elute various simple and complex carbohydrates as well. The Fm‐method is efficient, inexpensive, scalable, uses common reagents. It should have excellent applications in various clinical, research, commercial settings.
The search for the ultimate exercise countermeasure to preserve crew health and ensure mission success in long‐duration spaceflight
Authors: Fernandez‐Gonzalo Rodrigo , Schneider Stefan , Heer Martina , Liphardt Anna‐Maria 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe current understanding of crew health maintenance is founded upon decades of physiological research conducted in terrestrial spaceflight analogues and in low Earth orbit, particularly on the International Space Station. However, as we progress towards the Lunar Gateway and interplanetary missions, it is imperative that the tools employed to maintain crew health are redefined, including the utilisation of exercise countermeasures. The successful implementation of exercise countermeasures for deep space missions must address a number of challenges, including those posed by new environments with elevated levels of cosmic radiation and solar particle events, extended mission durations and constrained space availability. In this Topical Review, the authors address points that are important (and sometimes critical), but often ignored, in order to define future exercise countermeasures for long‐duration space missions. Multi‐organ countermeasures, countermeasure enjoyment, time‐dependent load variability, the relationship between nutrition and the success of exercise countermeasures, and the individual variability in response to a given countermeasure are presented and discussed. The aim of this article is to raise awareness of important aspects that can profoundly influence the efficacy of exercise countermeasures, thereby affecting the health of the crew and the success of the mission during prolonged spaceflight.
Dynamic Bending of a Beam
Authors: Saurin V. V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The article discusses problems of dynamic bending for beams of semi-infinite length. To solve such problems, the article uses a method based on the implementation of the conservation laws, namely, the law of energy conservation, the law of change in momentum and the law of change in angular momentum. The results obtained are compared with the analytical solution for the problem of a semi-infinite beam motion loaded at the free end with a transverse force. The peculiarity of this solution is that the change in the stress-strain state of the rod is characterized by a wave front. It is considered that all changes in the state of the beam occur at an infinite speed. All designed solutions are characterized by the presence of a wave front in the beam. It is shown that, in contrast to the transfer of longitudinal disturbances along the length of the beam, which occur at a constant speed, bending disturbances propagate at a variable speed, and, with increasing time, this speed decreases and tends to zero at an infinitely distant point of the beam. It was discovered that the propagation velocity of the wave front during the transfer of concentrated force and concentrated moment differs from each other. In this case, the speed of transverse force transfer is almost twice as high as the speed of the wave front from the bending moment.
Enhanced gamma-ray spectrum transformation: NaI(Tl) scintillator to HPGe semiconductor via machine learning
Authors: Saeidi Zohreh , Afarideh Hossein , Ghergherehchi Mitra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Thallium-activated sodium iodide scintillation (NaI(Tl)) and high-purity germanium semiconductor (HPGe) detectors are two commonly employed gamma spectroscopy devices. NaI(Tl) detectors are preferred for their cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and ease of construction, while HPGe detectors have superior resolution but face challenges in temperature operation and they are expensive. This article investigates the application of machine learning algorithms, specifically K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and a Multi-Channel Output Regression based on Support Vector Regression (MCO-SVR), to enhance the performance of NaI(Tl) detectors by transforming its gamma spectrum into HPGe spectrum. The model was trained using datasets generated from a limited radioisotope library and demonstrated excellent performance across a diverse range of measured experimental test data. The evaluation included various scenarios, such as low-count spectra and background effects. The KNN model exhibited optimal performance, achieving an accuracy of 98.69% with a Manhattan distance metric. In contrast, the MCO-SVR model, employing both direct and chained approaches, exhibited varied results with different kernel types, with the polynomial kernel in the direct approach yielding the value 97.45% accuracy. Overall, the results indicate that machine learning algorithms have the potential to improve the performance of NaI(Tl) detectors and expand their applications in various fields of nuclear security.

Graphical Abstract
Molorchus Got Wealthy? A Note on Martial Epigrams 4.64
Authors: Sutton David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper re-evaluates the meaning and implication of a puzzling phrase in Martial Epigrams 4.64 in which the poet’s friend Julius Martialis is compared to a wealthy Molorchus. The phrase has attracted comment because that figure is paradigmatically associated with his poverty, especially by Martial’s contemporary Statius, and the reference to wealth is most commonly said to stem from a desire not to offend Martialis by associating him with poverty. Responding to a trend in scholarship that foregrounds intratextual connections in epigram, this paper argues instead that Martial’s Molorchus belongs to a sequence of poems in book four on the proper and improper use of wealth and that his newfound wealth is best explained as a counterpart to socially abusive figures like the notorious parvenu Zoilus whose presence recurs in Martial’s Epigrams.