bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dog-appeasing pheromones on anxiety and fear in puppies during training and on long-term socialization
Authors: Denenberg Sagi , Landsberg Gary M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effectiveness of dog-appeasing pheromone (DAP) in reducing fear and anxiety in puppies and its effects on training and socialization.
Design—Randomized, controlled clinical trial.
Animals—45 puppies between 12 to 15 weeks of age at the time of inclusion.
Procedures—Puppies enrolled in puppy classes were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 groups: 2 large-breed groups (1 DAP and 1 placebo group) and 2 small-breed groups (1 DAP and 1 placebo group). The investigator, trainers, and owners were unaware of treatment allocation throughout the study. Classes lasted 8 weeks, and owners were asked to complete a questionnaire before the first lesson and at the end of each lesson thereafter. Data collected included amount of learning and degrees of fear and anxiety for each puppy. Follow-up telephone surveys of owners to obtain information on subsequent socialization of puppies were performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the classes ended.
Results—Dogs in DAP and placebo groups were significantly different with respect to degrees of fear and anxiety; longer and more positive interactions between puppies, including play, were evident in dogs in the DAP groups. Data from follow-up telephone surveys indicated that puppies in the DAP groups were better socialized and adapted faster in new situations and environments, compared with puppies in the placebo groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—When compared with a placebo treatment, DAP was useful in reducing anxiety and fear in puppies during puppy classes and resulted in improved socialization.
Hole Injection in a Model Fluorene–Triarylamine Copolymer
Authors: Fong Hon Hang , Papadimitratos Alexis , Hwang Jaehyung , Kahn Antoine , Malliaras George G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRecent developments in synthesis and purification have yielded conjugated polymers with hole mobilities exceeding 0.01 cm2 V−1 s−1. Essential to harvesting the potential of these materials in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is the identification of suitable ohmic contacts. Using a model fluorene copolymer that shows high‐mobility, non‐dispersive hole transport, it is demonstrated that electrodes commonly used as anodes in OLEDs are very poor hole injectors. Injection from Au and indium tin oxide anodes is limited by energy barriers of 0.75 and 0.65 eV, respectively, and the injected current is found to be temperature independent—a prediction that was not reproduced by the leading injection model for disordered organic semiconductors. Injection from a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) anode, on the other hand, is found to become less efficient with electric field, a behavior which is currently not understood. In thinner poly[(9,9′‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐co‐(4,4′‐(N‐(4‐sec‐butyl))diphenylamine)] films, which are of relevance to OLEDs, ohmic losses on the PEDOT:PSS layer are found to limit the flow of current. These results illustrate the opportunity to further improve the performance of OLEDs as well as the challenge posed by high mobility conjugated polymers for the design of hole injection layers.
Enzyme‐Mediated Deposition of a TiO2 Coating onto Biofunctionalized WS2 Chalcogenide Nanotubes
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Natalio Filipe , Therese Helen Annal , Yella Aswani , Metz Nadine , Shah Muhammad Raza , Mugnaioli Enrico , Berger Rüdiger , Theato Patrick , Schröder Heinz‐Christoph , Müller Werner E. G. , Tremel Wolfgang 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA chemically specific and facile method for the biofunctionalization of WS2 nanotubes (NT‐WS2) is reported. The covalent modification strategy is based on the affinity of the nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) side chain, which serves as a ligand for the surface binding to NT‐WS2 and simultaneously as an anchor group for the binding of His‐tagged proteins to the polymer backbone. The polymer functionalized WS2 nanotubes can be solubilized either in water or organic solvents; they are stable for at least one week. The probes were characterized by FT‐IR and UV‐vis spectroscopy. The immobilization of silicatein, a hydrolytic protein encountered in marine sponges, was visualized by scanning force microscopy (SFM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The formation of the biotitania coating mediated by the immobilized silicatein onto the surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Bioinspired Design of SrAl2O4:Eu2+Phosphor
Authors: Kostova Mariya H. , Zollfrank Cordt , Batentschuk Miroslaw , Goetz‐Neunhoeffer Friedlinde , Winnacker Albrecht , Greil Peter 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA phosphor based on Sr0.97Al2O4:Eu0.03with a biomorphous morphology is manufactured via vacuum assisted infiltration of wood tissue (Pinus sylvestris) with a precursor nitrate solution. The nitrate solution penetrates homogeneously into the uniform arrangement of rectangular shaped tracheidal cells of the wood tissue. According to scanning electron microscopy, the original wood cell walls are completely transformed retaining the original wood structure. The major crystalline phase is monoclinic SrAl2O4, detected by X‐ray diffraction and confirmed by Rietveld refinement. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis proves the homogeneous conversion of the original wood cell wall into Sr0.97Al2O4:Eu0.03struts. The optical properties of the resulting phosphor material are determined by photoluminescence and cathode‐luminescence spectroscopy in scanning electron microscopy. The biotemplated Sr0.97Al2O4:Eu0.03shows a characteristic green emission at 530 nm (2.34 eV). Shaping biomorphous SrAl2O4:Eu2+phosphor with a microstructure pseudomorphous to the bioorganic template anatomy offers a novel approach for designing micropatterned phosphor materials.
A Densely and Uniformly Packed Organic Semiconductor Based on Annelated β‐Trithiophenes for High‐Performance Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Tan Lin , Zhang Lei , Jiang Xi , Yang Xiaodi , Wang Linjun , Wang Zhaohui , Li Liqiang , Hu Wenping , Shuai Zhigang , Li Lin , Zhu Daoben 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA novel semiconductor based on annelated β‐trithiophenes is presented, possessing an extraordinary compressed packing mode combining edge‐to‐face π–π interactions and S…S interactions in single crystals, which is favorable for more effective charge transporting. Accordingly, the device incorporating this semiconductor shows remarkably high charge carrier mobility, as high as 0.89 cm2 V−1 s−1, and an on/off ratio of 4.6 × 107 for vacuum‐deposited thin films.
Nanoaggregate‐Embedded Beads as Novel Raman Labels for Biodetection
Authors: Huang Ping‐Ji , Chau Lai‐Kwan , Yang Tzyy‐Schiuan , Tay Li‐Lin , Lin Tai‐Tsung 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNovel Raman tags called nanoaggregate‐embedded beads (NAEBs) have been developed. NAEBs are silica‐coated, dye‐induced aggregates of a small number of metal nanoparticles. In this work, the Raman reporters used to induce aggregation of gold nanoparticles include strongly binding dyes such as XRITC, TRITC, and DTDC and weakly binding dyes such as R6G. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal from a single NAEB can be detected. This study also demonstrates that these SERS‐active beads can be used as Raman tags for bio‐detection.
Preparation of Functional Hybrid Glass Material from Platinum (II) Complexes for Broadband Nonlinear Absorption of Light
Authors: Zieba Roman , Desroches Cédric , Chaput Frédéric , Carlsson Marcus , Eliasson Bertil , Lopes Cesar , Lindgren Mikael , Parola Stephane 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of trans‐di(arylalkynyl)diphosphine platinum(II) complexes bearing trialkoxysilane groups is described, as well as the preparation of siloxane‐based hybrid materials from organometallic chromophores through a modified sol–gel process. Glass materials prepared from trans‐[P(n–Bu)3]2Pt[(C≡C–p–C6H4–C≡C–p–C6H4–CH2O(CO)NH(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3]2 generally show spectral transmittance, absorption and luminescence similar to that of solutions reported in the literature. Measurements of optical power limiting for the hybrid glass are carried out, and show broadband nonlinear absorption throughout the whole visible wavelength range with clamping values in the range 0.2–7 µJ at 120 mM chromophore concentration. The sol–gel process using urethane‐propyltriethoxysilane‐functionalized chromophores as precursors appears to be a valid method for formation of robust silicate materials with grafted diarylethynyl Pt(II) complexes for OPL devices.
π‐Conjugated Oligothiophene‐Based Polycatenar Liquid Crystals: Self‐Organization and Photoconductive, Luminescent, and Redox Properties
Authors: Yasuda Takuma , Ooi Hirotaka , Morita Jun , Akama Yusuke , Minoura Kiyoshi , Funahashi Masahiro , Shimomura Takeshi , Kato Takashi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA series of liquid‐crystalline (LC) π‐‐conjugated oligothiophenes bearing three or two alkoxy chains at their extremities has been designed and synthesized. These polycatenar oligothiophenes form various LC nanostructures including smectic, columnar, and micellar cubic phases. These properties depend on the number and length of the terminal alkoxy chains. The hole mobilities for the oligothiophenes have been measured. The layered smectic and columnar structures are capable of transporting holes, leading to mobilities of up to 0.01 cm2 V−1 s−1. The columnar LC assemblies have also been explored to produce linearly polarized light‐emission. Fine red polarized fluorescence is observed from a uniaxially aligned film of the oligothiophenes. The redox properties of the oligothiophenes both in solutions and in films have been examined. The oligothiophenes exhibit electrochromism upon applying an oxidative potential. The present design strategy is useful for fabricating a variety of functional electro‐active molecular assemblies.
p‐Toluenesulfonylmethyl Isocyanide (TosMIC) and Indium Manifold Strategy to Access β‐Keto‐(E)‐enamino Esters from 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Krishna Palakodety Radha , Sekhar Empati Raja 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe indium trichloride‐catalyzed CC bond formation between 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and p‐toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC) to access β‐keto‐(E)‐enamino esters exclusively is reported for the first time. The corresponding products are obtained in good to excellent yields.
Aerobic Oxidative Iodination of Organic Compounds with Iodide Catalyzed by Sodium Nitrite
Authors: Stavber Gaj , Iskra Jernej , Zupan Marko , Stavber Stojan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSelective and efficient iodinations of organic compounds were achieved by an aerobic oxidative process catalyzed by sodium nitrite using potassium iodide in acidic media. Using the potasasium iodide (KI)/air/sodium nitrite (NaNO2; cat.)/sulfuric acid (H2SO4) iodinating system, activated and moderately deactivated aromatic compounds were exclusively or preferentially iodinated at the para position. In protic solvents ketones and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds were iodofunctionalized at the α carbonyl position, while in the case of aryl methyl ketones bearing an activated aromatic ring, the regioselectivity of iodination could be directed by the solvent used. In acetonitrile (MeCN) the aromatic ring was selectively iodinated, while in aqueous rethanol (EtOH) functionalization of the methyl carbon atom took place. Alkenes were transformed to vicinal iodohydrins or vicinal iodoalkoxy derivatives following Markovnikov‐type regioselectivity and anti stereoselectivity, while 1,2‐diiodoalkenes with preferentially E orientation were formed from alkynes.
Supported Palladium Catalysts for Suzuki Reactions: Structure‐Property Relationships, Optimized Reaction Protocol and Control of Palladium Leaching
Authors: Köhler Klaus , Heidenreich Roland G. , Soomro Saeeda S. , Pröckl Sandra S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPalladium on metal oxides and on activated carbon with particular properties (high palladium dispersion, low degree of reduction, water content) are shown to be highly active (tunrover number, TON=20,000; turnover frequency, TOF=16,600), selective and robust catalysts for Suzuki cross‐couplings of aryl bromides and activated aryl chlorides. Catalysts and reaction protocol offer combined advantages of high catalytic efficiency under ambient conditions (air and moisture), easy separation and reuse and quantitative recovery of palladium. The palladium concentration in solution during the reaction correlates clearly with the progress of the reaction and indicates that dissolved molecular palladium is in fact the catalytically active species. Dissolved palladium is redeposited onto the support at the end of the reaction. Additional minimization of the palladium content in solution (down to 0.1 ppm) could be achieved by simple procedures which meet the requirements of pharmaceutical industry.
Palladium‐Catalyzed N‐Demethylation/N‐Acylation of Some Morphine and Tropane Alkaloids
Authors: Carroll Robert J. , Leisch Hannes , Scocchera Eric , Hudlicky Tomas , Cox D. Phillip 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHydrocodone was converted to various N‐acyl derivatives via a one‐pot N‐demethylation/N‐acylation protocol catalyzed by palladium(II). The procedure has also been successfully applied to several N‐methyltropane alkaloids. A plausible mechanism is suggested.
Epistaxis in a low level hydrogen fluoride exposed industrial staff
Authors: Graff Pål , Bozhkov Georgi , Hedenlöf Karin , Johannesson Olof , Flodin Ulf 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the effect of exposure to hydrogen fluoride (HF) on the airway mucosa in an industrial setting.MethodsA cross‐sectional study encompassing 33 industrial workers in a flame soldering plant and 44 assembly workers unexposed to HF was performed by means of a questionnaire on symptoms and diagnosis regarding upper and lower airways as well as through conduct of a clinical examination of the exposed group. Air concentrations of HF that were monitored in winter amounted to 1.0 mg/m3 and in summer time to 0.15 mg/m3.ResultsA threefold risk for epistaxis (RR = 3.6, 95% confidence interval 1.1–11.0) was observed in the exposed group. Time from the start of exposure to HF until debut of a nose bleeding period varied from 1 month to 6 years. Mean induction (latency) time was 42 months. Mean duration of symptoms was 26 months, range 3–72 months, indicating that the exposure level in summer time was sufficient to maintain the propensity of almost daily nose bleeding.ConclusionHF is an irritating vapor, even at relatively low air concentrations. We recommend an 8 hr TLV lower than 1.0 mg/m3. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:240–245, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Orale Verabreichung von Protein‐ und Peptidwirkstoffen entlang der Vitamin‐B12‐Route
Authors: Petrus Amanda K. , Fairchild Timothy J. , Doyle Robert P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDer oralen Verabreichung therapeutischer Peptide und Proteine stehen zwei größere Hindernisse entgegen: der proteolytische Abbau im Magen und ein unzulänglicher Absorptionsmechanismus für Polypeptide aus dem Darmlumen. Daher müssen Therapeutika auf Proteinbasis über Injektionen verabreicht werden – ein schmerzhafter Vorgang, der auf geringere Zustimmung beim Patienten stößt. Daher war es das Ziel umfangreicher Forschungsarbeiten, diese beiden Hindernisse zu überwinden und die erfolgreiche orale Verabreichung von Peptidtherapeutika zu ermöglichen. Dieser Kurzaufsatz konzentriert sich auf die orale Peptid/Protein‐Verabreichung über den bestehenden Aufnahmeweg für Vitamin B12 aus der Nahrung. Aktuelle Fortschritte auf diesem Gebiet schließen die Verabreichung von Erythropoietin, des Granulocyten stimulierenden Faktors, des Luteinisierungshormon freisetzenden Hormons und von Insulin ein.
Chemoselektive Ligations‐ und Modifikationsstrategien für Peptide und Proteine
Authors: Hackenberger Christian P. R. , Schwarzer Dirk 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDie Untersuchung biologischer Fragestellungen mit chemischen Methoden wird meist als “Chemische Biologie” bezeichnet und setzt voraus, dass biologisch relevante Makromoleküle, wie Peptide und Proteine, chemisch zugänglich sind. Auf der Festphasensynthese von Peptiden aufbauend wurden viele chemoselektive Ligations‐ und Modifikationstechniken zur Verknüpfung synthetischer Peptide oder funktionaler Einheiten zu größeren synthetischen, biologisch relevanten Makromolekülen entwickelt. Dieser Aufsatz fasst die aktuellen Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der chemoselektiven Ligations‐ und Modifikationsstrategien zusammen und illustriert ihre Anwendbarkeit an Beispielen aus der chemischen Totalsynthese von Proteinen bis hin zur Semisynthese natürlicher modifizierter Proteine.
Solid‐State Scrolls from Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of T‐Shaped Rod–Coil Molecules
Authors: Hong Dong‐Je , Lee Eunji , Jeong Haemi , Lee Jeong‐kyu , Zin Wang‐Cheol , Nguyen Trung Dac , Glotzer Sharon C. , Lee Myongsoo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAufgerollt wie ein Teppich: Durch Anbringen flexibler Knäuel an den Mittelteil starrer stabförmiger Moleküle entstehen T‐förmige Stab‐Knäuel‐Konstrukte, die selbstorganisierte Schichten aufbauen. Diese Schichten rollen sich auf, sodass im Festkörper, je nach Größe der Knäuel, ausgefüllte Zylinder oder hohle Röhren resultieren (siehe Bild). Die Stäbe liegen dabei jeweils in der Schichtebene.magnified image
Heterogeneously Hybridized Porous Coordination Polymer Crystals: Fabrication of Heterometallic Core–Shell Single Crystals with an In‐Plane Rotational Epitaxial Relationship
Authors: Furukawa Shuhei , Hirai Kenji , Nakagawa Keiji , Takashima Yohei , Matsuda Ryotaro , Tsuruoka Takaaki , Kondo Mio , Haruki Rie , Tanaka Daisuke , Sakamoto Hirotoshi , Shimomura Satoru , Sakata Osami , Kitagawa Susumu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMOF on MOF: Core–shell porous coordination polymer (PCP) crystals are fabricated at the single‐crystal level by epitaxial growth in solution. Synchrotron X‐ray diffraction measurements unveiled the structural relationship between the shell crystal and the core crystal, where in‐plane rotational epitaxial growth compensates the difference in lattice constant.magnified image
Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of N‐(2‐Hydroxy‐ethyl)amide Derivatives
Authors: Guan Li‐Ping , Zhao Dong‐Hai , Xiu Jing‐Hui , Sui Xin , Piao Hu‐Ri , Quan Zhe‐Shan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA series novel of N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)amide derivatives was synthesized and screened for their anticonvulsant activities by the maximal electroshock (MES) test, and their neurotoxicity was evaluated by the rotarod test (Tox). The maximal electroshock test showed that N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)decanamide 1g, N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)palmitamide 1l, and N‐(2‐hydroxyeth‐yl)stearamide 1n were found to show a better anticonvulsant activity and also had lower toxicity than the marked anti‐epileptic drug valproate. In the anti‐MES potency test, these compounds exhibited median effective doses (ED50) of 22.0, 23.3, 20.5 mg/kg, respectively, and median toxicity doses (TD50) of 599.8, >1000, >1000 mg/kg, respectively, resulting in a protective index (PI) of 27.5, >42.9, >48.8, respectively. This is a much better protective index than that of the marked anti‐epileptic drug valproate (PI = 1.6). To further investigate the effects of the anticonvulsant activity in several different models, compounds 1g, 1l, and 1n were tested having evoked convulsions with chemical substances, including pentylenetetrazloe, isoniazide, 3‐mercaptopropionic acid, bicuculline, thiosemicarbazide, and strychnine.
π‐Conjugated Dendrimers as Stable Pure‐Blue Emissive Materials: Photophysical, Electrochemical, and Electroluminescent Properties
Authors: Jiang Yang , Wang Lei , Zhou Yan , Cui Yu‐Xin , Wang Jian , Cao Yong , Pei Jian 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBigger, stronger, better: A family of giant π‐conjugated dendrimers has been developed as pure‐blue active materials for organic light‐emitting diodes. The dendrimer‐generation number has little effect on the photophysical, electrochemical, and EL properties, and device efficiency of G0 and G1. The preliminary OLED devices achieve pure‐blue color with stable CIE chromaticity coordinates (0.16, 0.08) for both G0 and G1.magnified imageA family of giant π‐conjugated dendrimers has been developed as pure‐blue active materials for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The investigation of their photophysical properties indicates that G0 and G1 exhibit almost the same absorption and PL spectra in dilute solutions and in thin films. The steric hindrance of the bulky dendrimers effectively prevents strong intermolecular interaction in the solid state, which effectively improves the emission spectral stability. Preliminary OLEDs fabricated with the configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK/dendrimer/TPBI/Ba/Al achieve a pure‐blue emission with stable CIE chromaticity coordinates (0.16, 0.08) for both G0 and G1. These results indicate that G0 and G1 are promising blue‐light emitting materials with good stability. Such strategy provides us a platform to achieve pure‐blue emitting dendrimer‐like materials with high efficiency for use as OLEDs.
Asymmetric Syntheses and Wnt Signal Inhibitory Activity of Melleumin A and Four Analogues of Melleumins A and B
Authors: Luo Jie‐Min , Dai Chao‐Feng , Lin Shu‐Yong , Huang Pei‐Qiang 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGuided by nature: A flexible and epimerization‐free approach for the asymmetric syntheses of melleumin A and four analogues of melleumins A and B was developed, which allowed confirming the stereochemistry at C‐4 of melleumin A, and revealed that the unnatural 4‐epi‐melleumin B possesses a modest inhibitory activity on Wnt signaling.magnified imageThe first total synthesis of melleumin A and four analogues of melleumins A and B is described. The N‐acyl L‐Thr‐Gly/β‐hydroxy‐γ‐amino acid coupling/macrolactamization strategy allowed the efficient assembly of the three segments being free of epimerization. While the Jouin–Castro method with minor modification allows a rapid entrance to the key syn‐β‐hydroxy‐γ‐amino acid segment, required for the synthesis of melleumin A, an extension of our malimide‐based methodology using a changed N‐protecting group affords a flexible access to several anti‐β‐hydroxy‐γ‐amino acids, and hence analogues of melleumins A and B. Among them, unnatural 4‐epi‐melleumin B (2 a) exhibits a modest inhibitory activity on Wnt signaling. The total synthesis of melleumin A allowed confirmation of its full structure.