bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 28-year-old male patient with asymptomatic and multi-drug-resistant HBV infection: a case report
Authors: Kazmi Syed Ayaz , Rauf Abdul , Latif Muhammad Zahid , Shahid Beenish , Khawaja Sundus , Anjum Zeeshan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a significant global health challenge, impacting millions of individuals and elevating the risk of morbidity and mortality. Antiviral therapies are the primary treatment for chronic HBV infection, but treatment resistance can occur, leading to poor clinical outcomes and an increased risk of liver complications. This case report presents the clinical trajectory of a 28-year-old male diagnosed with asymptomatic HBV infection in 2016 under the auspices of the Hepatitis Control Program, Government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Over 6 years, persistent HBsAg, HBV, and HBeAg were observed, with absent acute markers and co-infections. Initial HBV DNA viral load was 1 × 104 copies/mL in 2016, escalating despite entecavir and pegylated interferons therapy, indicating multi-drug resistance. Tenofovir therapy initially reduced viral load but later exacerbated it, reaching 1.86 × 106 copies/mL in 2022. Liver function abnormalities and lipid profile irregularities persisted. Urine examination consistently showed abnormalities. Pending HBV DNA sequencing results may offer insights into treatment resistance. This case underscores the need for an adaptive approach in managing chronic HBV infections within public health programs. Continuous monitoring, integration of virological and biochemical data, and a tailored treatment strategy are essential for optimizing outcomes in similar cases, stressing the importance of refining therapeutic approaches against chronic HBV infection.
Examining antibiotic use in Kenya: farmers’ knowledge and practices in addressing antibiotic resistance
Authors: Rware Harrison , Monica Kansiime K. , Idah Mugambi , Fernadis Makale , Davis Ikiror , Buke Wako , Solveig Danielsen , Daniel Karanja , Duncan Chacha , Morten Byskov , Keith Hyams 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Antibiotics hold the promise of mitigating the spread of livestock diseases while enhancing productivity. However, there is global concerns surrounding the improper handling and administration of antibiotics, which has led to an alarming rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Kenya is currently listed as an AMR hotspot. This study assesses farmers’ knowledge and practices on antibiotics in livestock production, knowledge on AMR as well as factors influencing farmers’ knowledge of antibiotic safety and resistance, and antibiotics use.

Methods
A across-sectional, quantitative survey was employed with 319 farming households in five counties in Kenya. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify explanatory factors.

Results
About 80% of households use antibiotics in their livestock, and 58% administer the antibiotics themselves. The vast majority of farmers buy antibiotics without a prescription. Antibiotics are used for both therapeutic and non-therapeutic purposes, the latter mainly in form of growth promoters and feed enhancers in poultry. The withdrawal periods reported by farmers are shorter than the officially recommended periods. Although the majority of farmers reported risky antibiotic practices, most (76%) were well aware of bacterial AMR. Nineteen of 21 knowledge statements on AMR and safe use of antibiotics were answered correctly by 55–89% of respondents, indicating considerable farmer knowledge on different aspects of antibiotics risk, while certain knowledge gaps remain. Number of livestock owned was the factor most positively influencing farmers’ knowledge on AMR and safe use.

Conclusion
Kenya has made notable progress towards creating knowledge and awareness of farming communities on the risks and requirements associated with antibiotic use in livestock. Nonetheless, farmers’ antibiotics practices continue to constitute considerable risk of further AMR development. This shows that knowledge is not enough to ensure fundamental behavioral change. There needs to be an enabling environment driven by (1) effective policy interventions and enforcement to ensure compliance with set guidelines for antibiotic use; (2) research on and deployment of alternatives, such as probiotics, vaccinations and disease prevention measures, (3) continued public awareness raising and education using multiple channels to reach farmers and, (4) strengthened cross-sector, multi-stakeholder collaboration to address the multi-dimensional complexities of AMR.
Effect of Mn and Mg reinforcing particles on physico-mechanical behavior of close-cell Al metal foam for energy absorption material
Authors: Bisht Ankur , Gangil Brijesh , Ranakoti Lalit , Gairola Surya Prakash 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA solid substance encircled by a three-dimensional network of voids not interconnected with each other is referred to as close-cell metal foam. The work is based on enhancing mechanical properties of aluminum base close-cell metal foam through the addition of reinforcing particles in varying percentages. Closed-cell aluminum foams with the addition of Mn (0.5 wt.%) and Mg (0, 1, 1.5, 2) were successfully prepared by the melt route method. Al-based metal foam’s morphology and mechanical behavior were examined in order to understand the impact of reinforcing elements. From the current work, it is inferred that the addition of reinforcing elements initially helped to increase the compressive strength as found in Foam-1, but further addition of Mg did not have any beneficial effects. It was found that the value of compression strength depends on foam density. The addition of reinforcing elements increases the length of the plateau which in turn increases the value of energy absorption. It is found that proper bonding of reinforcing particles helps in improving energy absorption. From the evaluation, it was found that besides the increase in density and variations in pores uniformity, Al + Mn (0.5wt. %) + Mg (1.5wt. %) Foam (Foam-1) was found to be superior among all other foams. It can also be concluded that by fixing the percentage of Mn by 1 wt%, the best results can be obtained by addition of 1.5 wt. % Mg in the melt. Further addition of Mg shows a detrimental effect on mechanical and physical properties.
Costal cartilage as a promising technique for large bronchial fistula closure in fistulous empyema: a case report
Authors: Kato Yoshiki , Sugiura Yasoo , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Hashizume Toshinori 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
There is no high level of evidence for the treatment of fistulous empyema. We report here a promising technique for closure of a bronchopleural fistula using costal cartilage as a bronchial embolus.

Case presentation
The patient is a 79-year-old man. A computed tomography scan diagnosed a fistulous empyema associated with perforation of lung abscess of right middle lobe. After thoracoscopic curettage of the right empyema cavity, right middle lung resection and intercostal muscle flap coverage over the bronchial stump were performed. Seven months after the surgery, a bronchopleural fistula developed. Bronchoscopy revealed fistulas in the middle lobe bronchus and B3b. After the open window thoracostomy, the empyema cavity was cleaned up. The empyema cavity remained from the anterior to the lateral thoracic region of the second to fourth ribs. A part of the second through fourth ribs that formed the ceiling of the pleural empyema cavity was removed to create space for skin and thickened parietal pleura to fill the cavity. The costal cartilage obtained from the rib resection was trimmed and harvested to fit into the diameter of the bronchopleural fistula. The free costal cartilage was sutured and fixed with five stitches with 3-0 PDS. The visceral pleura was covered with the thickened parietal pleura and skin and fixed airtight. To maintain a tight seal, a Blake® silicone drain was inserted between the visceral pleura and the thickened parietal pleura, and a suction reservoir was utilized to sustain negative pressure. The drain was removed on the 21st day. As of 21 months postoperatively, the skin and thickened parietal pleura flap has maintained its integrity, and there has been no evidence of pus or recurrence of air leaks.

Conclusion
In the case of a fistulous empyema extending anteriorly, costal cartilage can be easily harvested, making it a promising option as a lid for fistula closure.
A cross-sectional investigation on remote working, loneliness, workplace isolation, well-being and perceived social support in healthcare workers
Authors: O'Hare Dearbhla , Gaughran Fiona , Stewart Robert , Pinto da Costa Mariana 
Published: February 2024

Background
Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare trusts began to implement remote working arrangements, with little knowledge of their impact on staff well-being.

Aims
To investigate how remote working of healthcare workers during the pandemic may have been associated with stress, productivity and work satisfaction at that time, and associations between loneliness, workplace isolation, perceived social support and well-being.

Method
A questionnaire was developed to explore remote working and productivity, stress and work satisfaction during time spent working remotely. Associations between current loneliness, workplace isolation and well-being, and the influence of perceived social support, were explored with perceived social support as a potential moderator.

Results
A total of 520 participants responded to the study, of whom 112 were men (21.5%) and 406 were women (78.1%), with an age range of 21–77 years (mean 40.0, s.d. = 12.1). Very few (3.1%) worked remotely before the COVID-19 pandemic, and this had increased significantly (96.9%). Those who worked ≥31 h a week remotely reported higher stress and lower workplace satisfaction at that time, compared with office work, yet also felt more productive. Current loneliness, workplace isolation and perceived social support were cross-sectionally associated with lower current well-being.

Conclusions
Those who worked more hours a week remotely during the pandemic reported increased stress, which may be related to the lack of resources in place to support this change in work.
The risk of antidepressant-induced hyponatremia: A meta-analysis of antidepressant classes and compounds
Authors: Gheysens Tim , Van Den Eede Filip , De Picker Livia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Hyponatremia (hypoNa) is a potentially serious adverse event of antidepressant treatment. Previous research suggests the risk of drug-induced hyponatremia differs between antidepressants. This meta-analysis sought to determine the risk of antidepressant-induced hypoNa, stratified by different compounds and classes.

Methods
A PRISMA-compliant systematic search of Web of Science and PubMed databases was performed from inception until Jan 5, 2023, for original studies reporting incidences or risks of hypoNa in adults using antidepressants. We modelled random-effects meta-analyses to compute overall event rates and odds ratios of any and clinically relevant hypoNa for each compound and class, and ran head-to-head comparisons based on hypoNa event rates. We conducted subgroup analyses for geriatric populations and sodium cut-off value. The study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021269801.

Results
We included 39 studies (n = 8,175,111). Exposure to antidepressants was associated with significantly increased odds of hypoNa (k = 7 studies, OR = 3.160 (95%CI 1.911-5.225)). The highest event rates were found for SNRIs (7.44%), SSRIs (5.59%), and TCAs (2.66%); the lowest for mirtazapine (1.02%) and trazodone (0.89%). Compared to SSRIs, SNRIs were significantly more likely (k = 10, OR = 1.292 (1.120 – 1.491), p < 0.001) and mirtazapine significantly less likely (k = 9, OR = 0.607 (0.385 – 0.957), p = 0.032) to be associated with hypoNa.

Conclusion
Our meta-analysis demonstrated that, while no antidepressant can be considered completely risk-free, for hypoNa-prone patients mirtazapine should be considered the treatment of choice and SNRIs should be prescribed more cautiously than SSRIs and TCAs.
Impact of Premedication De-Escalation on Incidence of Infusion-Related Reactions With Daratumumab
Authors: Vazirnia Donna , Del Rio Verduzco Alejandro , Soefje Scott A. , Sanders Kristyn A. , Sandahl Tyler B. 
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE Daratumumab is an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody used to treat multiple myeloma and light chain amyloidosis. Because daratumumab may cause reactions after intravenous or subcutaneous (SC) administration, the manufacturer labeling recommends administration of premedications before every dose. Given incidence of infusion reactions appears to be rare after cycle 1, in April 2022, the Mayo Clinic implemented a practice change in which premedications were omitted from all daratumumab order sets after completion of cycle 1. This study investigated the safety of this practice. METHODS A retrospective chart review at the Mayo Clinic reviewed eligible patients with multiple myeloma or amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis who received their first dose of daratumumab within the 4 months preceding the date of implementation (preimplementation group) or no more than 4 months after (postimplementation group) the date of implementation on April 13, 2022. Data were collected only from the first eight once per week doses of daratumumab. The primary outcome was the incidence of infusion-related reactions. Data analyzed used descriptive statistics. RESULTS Nearly all patients (95.9%) received daratumumab by SC route of administration. Of the 97 patients in the preimplementation group, >90% received premedications throughout cycles 1 and 2, and five patients (5.2%) experienced infusion reactions. Of 72 patients in the postimplementation group, <20% received premedications during cycle 2 and three patients (4.2%) experienced infusion reactions. All infusion reactions occurred within the first daratumumab cycle, indicating elimination of cycle 2 premedications did not cause any infusion reactions. No patient experienced more than one infusion reaction. CONCLUSION Omission of premedications after cycle 1 of daratumumab did not increase the incidence of infusion. Premedications may safely be omitted after cycle 1 of daratumumab when administered by the SC route.
Jaka edukacja i dla kogo? Biografie edukacyjne dorosłych i ich społeczny wymiar
Authors: Jurgiel - Aleksander Alicja 
Published: February 2024

. Niniejszy tekst nawiązuje do dyskusji o znaczeniu uczenia się dorosłych, ale w wyraźnie wyodrębnionym kontekście badawczym. Ów kontekst został zdefiniowany przez analizę biografii nietradycyjnych studentów ukierunkowaną na identyfikację ich indywidualnych doświadczeń życiowych traktowanych przez nich jako edukacyjne. W rezultacie analiza indywidualnych uzasadnień doprowadziła do zidentyfikowania pięciu typów narracji. Są to: „Chcę osiągnąć więcej niż moi rodzice”, „Dziś trzeba dostosować się do rynku pracy i postępu cywilizacyjnego”, „Dorosły z natury jest mądry”, „Muszę dać sobie szansę”, „Chcę być świadomy/a tego, w czym uczestniczę”. Projekt ujawnił, że jakość owych narracji wskazuje na sposób użycia języka opisującego uczenie się badanych, a tym samym na potencjał ich uczenia się w ogóle. Co więcej, wszystkie narracje pokazują, że to społeczne korzenie tworzą potencjał indywidualnych możliwości uczenia się badanych. W ten sposób próbuję nawiązać do wątpliwości wyrażanych przez G.J.J. Biestę (2006, 2010), który twierdzi, że ekonomiczny język opisu uczenia się - zaadaptowany przez teoretyków edukacji – spowodował, że pytanie o dobrą edukację i jej społeczne znaczenie jest obecnie pomijane. A – jak pokazują wyniki badań w tym projekcie – społeczne znaczenie uczenia się jest wciąż istotnym zagadnieniem.
WHATSAPP COMO RECURSO DIDÁTICO NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR NAS LICENCIATURAS DE LETRAS E PEDAGOGIA
Authors: Bezerra Ferreira José Genival 
Published: February 2024

O objetivo principal do estudo foi analisar a percepção dos alunos sobre o processo ensino-aprendizagem por meio do WhatsApp como ferramenta didática para alunos que ingressaram na universidade no ano letivo de 2021 já utilizando essa ferramenta em decorrência da pandemia da covid-19. A pesquisa é de abordagem qualitativa, o instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foi um questionário online, aplicado através do Google Forms, com a questão aberta: "aponte as vantagens e desvantagens do WhatsApp como recurso didático"; aplicado a 23 alunos dos cursos de Letras e Pedagogia de duas universidades públicas do Brasil. Para isso, ancorou-se teoricamente em estudos de Bouhnik e Deshen (2014), Bao (2020), Zawacki-Richter (2021), entre outros. Como resultado, encontra-se vantagens com o uso do aplicativo, como o maior comprometimento quando há feedback do professor, além de desvantagens, dentre as principais, os impactos negativos quando não há orientação do professor, bem como quando as regras de uso não são estabelecidas. É importante mencionar que a incorporação do aplicativo possibilita múltiplos cenários para o trabalho docente, superando barreiras espaço-temporais e tornando-se um ambiente favorável à produção de conhecimento.
Use of a mobile app by people with Parkinson's disease to improve self-management
Authors: Hand Annette , Wales Jill , Cook Glenda , Kirton Alexandra 
Published: February 2024

Background: Parkinson's disease is a complex neurodegenerative condition. Due to the heterogeneity of symptoms that may be experienced, individualised treatment plans are essential. Hear Me Now (HMN) is an app developed for individuals with learning disabilities. Anecdotal evidence suggested people with chronic conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, might also benefit from using HMN in managing their complex health condition. Aims: This feasibility study sought to explore whether HMN was suitable for use in people with Parkinson's disease. Methods: A purposive sample of 4 people with Parkinson's were recruited. Following training, participants used the HMN app at home over 3 months. Interviews were used to explore their use of functions within the app; ease of use; any impact it had on their daily life; any barriers or facilitators to using the app. Findings: Most participants found HMN beneficial in managing their health condition. Conclusion: The HMN app merits further research for use in patient self-management.
Population study of Cucurbita moschata based on morphological characters and isozyme banding patterns in Bima District, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: FURQAN MUHAMMAD , SURANTO SURANTO , SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Furqan M, Suranto, Sugiyarto. 2023. Population study of Cucurbita moschata based on morphological characters and isozyme banding patterns in Bima District, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 30-38. Pumpkin is a tropical plant that benefits from its lipid, protein, carbohydrate, and mineral contents. The morphological characters of pumpkins can be influenced by their genetics and environment. This research aimed to examine the relationship among 9 accessions of Cucurbita moschata Duchesne from 9 locations in Bima district, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) province, Indonesia. The morphological characters of stems, leaves, and flowers were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively and an ANOVA was used to look at the difference of leaf and flower characters. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) with peroxidase and esterase was used to detect isozyme banding patterns. Morphological characters and isozyme data were analyzed using a UPGMA method with NTSYS version 2.0 software to construct a dendrogram. The results show evidence of the varied morphological appearance of C. moschata from the different locations. A total of 12 esterase bands and 10 peroxidase bands were detected from Wera2. An undetected band with Rf value of 0.567 was recorded, while a unique band with Rf value of 0.133 (peroxidase) was not detected. Undetected bands with Rf values of 0.645 and 0.726 of esterase were also recorded. A dendrogram showed three clusters of 9 accessions studied, in which Wera2 and Wera3 each stood alone, and a third large group was formed from the 7 remaining accessions. These results confirm the uniqueness of the Wera2 and Wera3 accessions. These results would be good information in determining a management strategy for improving the quality of pumpkins in the future.
Understanding the impact of munia birds (Aves: Passeriformes: Estrildidae) on rice farming: Behavior, distribution, and bioacoustic parameters
Authors: KURNIANTO AGUNG SIH , DEWI NILASARI , HARYADI NANANG TRI , ARMA WILDAN ASSHIDIQI , MAULANA REZA , SARI YURISKA HEPTA , HAMIDAH WANDA , MAGVIRA NUR LAILA , KADAFI AHMAD MUAMMAR 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Kurnianto AS, Dewi N, Haryadi NT, Arma WA, Maulana R, Sari YH, Hamidah W, Magvira NL, Kadafi AM. 2024. Understanding the impact of munia birds (Aves: Passeriformes: Estrildidae) on rice farming: Behavior, distribution, and bioacoustic parameters. Biodiversitas 25: 186-196. Munia birds represent a significant challenge in rice farming. This study investigates the role of Munia birds (Aves: Passeriformes: Estrildidae) within rice agroecosystems. Utilizing point count observation methods in Desa Rowosari, Jember, across two farming models (organic and conventional), we assessed the behavior, population distribution, and bioacoustic parameters of Munia species. A total of 3820 Munia individuals were documented: 2187 Javan Munia (Lonchura leucogastroides Moore, 1858), 1214 Scaly-breasted Munia (Lonchura punctulate Linnaeus, 1758), and 419 White-capped Munia (Lonchura ferruginosa Sparrman, 1789). Bioacoustic recordings were conducted using the TASCAM DR 60D recorder, complemented by statistical tests in SPSS 16.0 and visual data representations via Matplotlib and Seaborn libraries. Findings revealed that Munias inflict damages ranging from 10.85% to 30% on rice crops. Notably, JM's bioacoustic bandwidth displayed adaptability between organic and conventional cultivation environments (P value=0.0129). In terms of population distribution, SbM has the highest population density on conventional (density=22.38), JM has the highest density on organic (density-32.55). Passing through activity is more observed in both types of organic and conventional management models. Scaly-breasted Munia dominates in three time groups, both in the morning (x ?= 224.75), mid day (x ?= 163.75), and afternoon (x ?= 198.25). However, PCA depiction indicates that the activity of passing through is dominated by JM. JM and SbM are depicted gathering in the center, indicating a similar average relationship between populations. While Munias pose potential threats as pests, their absence could surge insect populations, underscoring their ecological significance. This study accentuates the importance of an informed management strategy, considering Munia's multifaceted impact on agroecosystems.