bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Singing Brecht vs. Brecht singing: Performance in theory and practice
Authors: Kowalke Kim H. 
Published: August 2008

During the last hour we spoke about the transformation of opera into music drama, and I explained the concept of theGesamtkunstwerk. So that nobody has any excuses, I'll write on the blackboard once more the names ofRichard WagnerRichard StraussNow we come to a new chapter. You'll remember that I read to you from Wagner's texts. They always dealt with gods and heroes and curious concepts like forest murmur, magic fire, knights of the Grail, etc., which you found rather strange. Then there were some difficult thought processes, which you were unable to follow, and also certain things that you could not yet comprehend and are as yet none of your business. None of this was of much interest to you't want to go to sleep. You want to hear music you can comprehend without special explanation, music you can readily absorb and sing with relative ease. … Nowadays there are matters of greater interest to all, and if music cannot be placed in the service of society as a whole, it forfeits its right to exist in today's world.
Return of the repressed: The prima donna from Hoffmann's Tales to Offenbach's Contes
Authors: Hadlock Heather 
Published: August 2008

The operatic diva, a singer of strange songs, and too often a turbulent, unkind girl, haunted the nineteenth-century imagination, as evidenced by the musical tales of E. T. A. Hoffmann and numerous retellings of those tales in theatre, ballet and opera. Each adaptation of Hoffmann's ‘Rat Krespel’, ‘Der Sandmann’ and ‘Don Juan’ reflects an ambivalent attitude towards women performers, whose potent voices make them simultaneously desirable and fearsome. How do these stories about female singers contrive to contain and manage the singing woman’s authority? And how does the prima donna's voice repeatedly make itself heard, eluding and overcoming narrative attempts to shape or contain its turbulent noise?Let me begin with an excerpt from ‘Rat Krespel’ (1818), which might serve as a parable for relationships between female singers and male music lovers in the Romantic imagination. Krespel, a young German musician, travelled in Italy and was fortunate enough to win the heart of a celebrated diva, Angela, whose name seemed only appropriate to her heavenly voice. Unfortunately, her personality was less than heavenly, and when she was not actually singing he found her violent whims and demands for attention very trying. One day, as he stood playing his violin:[Angela] embraced her husband, overwhelmed him with sweet and languishing glances, and rested her pretty head on his shoulder. But Krespel, carried away into the world of music, continued to play on until the walls echoed again; thus he chanced to touch the Signora somewhat ungently with his arm and the fiddle bow.
Effectiveness of a redesigned iron supplementation delivery system for pregnant women in Negros Occidental, Philippines
Authors: Risonar Maria Grace D , Rayco-Solon Pura , Tengco Lorena W , Sarol Jesus N , Paulino Lourdes S , Solon Florentino S 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of a redesigned Fe supplementation delivery system (ISDS) in improving Hb concentrations and compliance among pregnant women.DesignA controlled before and after study design was used. Interviews and Hb measurements of randomly selected pregnant women in both treatment areas were conducted at baseline and after 6 months. The redesigned ISDS, reached by consensus based on the surveys and focus group discussions, involved the health workers in spot mapping and clustering; Fe tablets’ distribution, monitoring and promotion; and counselling of pregnant women.SettingNegros Occidental and Negros Oriental, Philippines.SubjectsIn total, 1180 pregnant women given Fe/folic acid tablets daily through the redesigned ISDS in the experimental areas and the existing ISDS in the control areas.ResultsThere were significantly more anaemic pregnant women in the experimental than in the control area at baseline (50·7 v. 37·3 %; P = 0·001). However, at endline, the anaemia prevalence rate in the experimental area was comparable to that of the control (35·6 v. 33·1 %; P = 0·530). Also, the mean Hb concentration increased significantly in the experimental area by 0·5 g/dl (P = 0·002). An increase in the actual number of prenatal visits/trimester in the experimental area was observed (from 0·99 to 1·66; P < 0·0001). Pregnant women in the experimental area were four times more likely to take Fe tablets (OR = 3·79; P < 0·001) and sixteen times more likely to being monitored for Fe intake (OR = 16·86; P < 0·001) compared to the control.ConclusionsThe redesigned ISDS was effective in improving the Hb concentration and health-related behaviour of pregnant women.
Whispers from the context of real life
Authors: van der Leeuw Sander E. 
Published: August 2008

‘We live in the dark, we do what we can, the rest is the madness of art.’ (Truman Capote, Music for Chameleons)‘We must again become a people making our own history. To be able to make our own history is to be able to mould our own future, to build our society that preserves the best of our past and our traditions, while enabling us to grow and develop as a whole people.’ (Robert Andre)
Patterns of Names, Patterns of Places
Authors: Fleming Andrew 
Published: August 2008

Among the most common questions asked by archaeologists who study past agrarian landscapes are the following:1) How did farmers use land (in terms of the activities by which they made a living)?2) On what basis did they claim the right to occupy and use land (in terms of territorial possession, ‘ownership’, common rights, etc)?3) In what sequence was land occupied, and what general principles governed sequences of colonisation, ‘intensification’, and territorial sub-division?4) To what extent were territorial patterns stable over long periods of time? How frequently did political and social action take place in the context of a relatively unchanging political geography?5) Was there a hierarchy of places and communities, rooted in history, which influenced their relative social, political and economic power?
Relativism, objectivity and the politics of the past
Authors: Kohl Philip L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn their jointly authored paper ‘Relativism, objectivity and the politics of the past’ which was published inArchaeological Dialogues4.2 (1997, 164–184), the ‘Lampeter Archaeology Workshop’ argued that there has been an increasing tendency for authors to characterise ‘post-processualists’ as proponents of relativism, understood as the inability to evaluate different versions of the past or present. This naive view of relativism as ‘anything goes’ (known philosophically as judgemental relativism) was rejected in favour of a more nuanced understanding of different forms of relativism and the criteria which archaeologists can and do use to evaluate versions of the past. They also discussed the relationships between epistemologies, ethics and politics in this context, and suggested that there are implications for the ways we might engage in archaeological debates. This paper was commented on by the philosopher Diederick Raven and the archaeologists Ulrich Veit and Ian Hodder inArchaeological Dialogues4.2 (1997, 185–194). Below, more comments are provided by the archaeologists Philip Kohl, Reinhard Bernbeck, Susan Pollock and John Bintliff. Finally, the Lampeter Ar
Regionality in the study of the Ertebolle culture
Authors: Stilborg Ole 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn an earlier contribution toArchaeological Dialogues(4.2), Raemaekers discussed the relationships between the Swifterbant and Ertebølle cultures of respectively the mesolithic Low Countries and southern Scandinavia, calling for a more regional approach to the study of mesolithic western Europe. In this comment, recent ceramic studies from southern Sweden are used to draw attention to regional variability in the Scandinavian Mesolithic.
‘Reflexiveness’ in archaeology, nationalism, and Europeanism
Authors: Gramsch Alexander 
Published: August 2008

Abstract‘Reflexiveness’ is a term used for the growth of discussions in archaeology on its history, epistemology, and social relevance. While much of this reflecting refers to the relation of archaeology and nationalism, leading to insights into the politicisation of archaeological research and presentation to the public and the use of the past for ideological purposes, still we can witness many parallels to the use of prehistory for the creation of a European identity. After briefly commenting on discussions on different nationalisms and national and cultural identity, I will present a short history of ideas of Europe, followed by a consideration of two examples of the attempt to create the lacking founding myth of post-cold-war Europe. In the end, it is argued that a ‘Reflexive Theory’ should necessarily replace current rather politically motivated ‘reflexiveness’ and is needed to examine critically the Europeanist notion of European archaeology.
Byzantine garlic and Turkish delight
Authors: Vroom Joanita 
Published: August 2008

AbstractOn the basis of the Post-Roman surface finds from the Boeotia Survey in central Greece, the use and social meaning of glazed vessels as table utensils from Byzantine to Ottoman times (ca. 10th–19th centuries A.D.) will be discussed, as well as the cultural changes in dining manners in that period. It is the intention of this paper to approach this evolution of “wining and dining” habits in an interdisciplinary perspective, in which archaeological data, textual sources and iconographical information will be combined.
Rural settlement in the Age of Reason
Authors: Dalglish Chris 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper discusses the project of an archaeology of capitalism through a case study situated in the southern Scottish Highlands. It is argued that archaeology as a discipline has a significant contribution to make to discussions of the emergence and development of the social relations of capitalism. This is because archaeology has as one of its main concerns mundane social practice or routine. Changes in everyday routine and the associated material environment made the ideological aspects of capitalism, focusing on the individual and private property, conceivable for some. These changes to the everyday environment were instigated by the landlords, inspired by enlightenment thought, in order to secure their ownership of certain estates as private property, which had been in dispute under the clan system. Response of the rural population to Improvement was varied and their continuing relationship with their landlord evolved with reference to certain key structuring dispositions. The essential issue for the farming population was land rights. The major conclusion of this paper as concerns archaeologies of capitalism is that we must distinguish betweencapitalism(an ideology of the individual made knowable in routine practice) andcapitalist societies(those societies where capitalism is widespread but not necessarily universal). This allows consideration of varied experience of and interaction with capitalism in the past.
Batavians and Romans on the Lower Rhine
Authors: Slofstra Jan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper is a plea for the rehabilitation of the concept of Romanisation in the discussion about socio-cultural change resulting from the confrontation of (proto-)historical peoples with Roman power and an often dominant Roman culture. In the theoretical introduction, first of all an attempt is made to identify the social mechanisms of Romanisation; this is followed by a discussion on a model of dimensional analysis attuned to the dynamics of specific processes of Romanisation.The major part of the article is devoted to an outline of the Romanisation process in the northern frontier zone of the Roman Empire, the Lower Rhine region. It focuses on the political and cultural interaction between the Batavian tribe living here and the Romans in the period between the Gallic war and the 3rd century A.D. The paper attempts to explain the differences between the process of Romanisation in the central part of Gaul (‘Interior Gaul’ in Greg Woolf's terminology) which had already been ‘civilised’ early on and the military frontier, where tribal traditions still continued to play an important part, certainly until the Batavian revolt of 69/70 A.D.
The invention of hunter-gatherers in seventeenth-century Europe
Authors: Pluciennik Mark 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWhy do we still speak of foragers and farmers? The division of societies into categories including ‘savage’ hunter-gatherers and ‘civilised’ farmers has its roots in seventeenth-century northwestern Europe, but has implications for archaeologists and anthropologists today. Such concepts still provide the frameworks for much intellectual labour including university courses, academic conferences and publications, as well as providing the basis for moral and political evaluations of contemporary societies and practices for a wide range of people, from governments to development agencies, ‘alternative’ archaeologies and parts of the Green movement. This paper examines some of the currents which contributed towards their establishment, and argues that writing ‘across’ such deep-seated categories may be the only way to challenge their hegemony and develop new questions. As an example recent trends in data and interpretation of the ‘mesolithic-neolithic transition’ in western Europe are discussed.
A network-based signaling mechanism of cancer development and progression
Authors: Wang Edwin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe conducted a comprehensive analysis of a manually curated human signaling network containing 1634 nodes and 5089 signaling regulatory relations by integrating cancer-associated genetically and epigenetically altered genes. We find that cancer mutating genes are enriched in positive signaling regulatory loops, whereas the cancer-associated methylating genes are enriched in negative signaling regulatory loops. We further characterized an overall picture of the cancer-signaling architectural and functional organization. From the network, we extracted an oncogene-signaling map, which contains 326 nodes, 892 links and the interconnections of mutated and methylated genes. The map can be decomposed into 12 topological regions or oncogene-signaling blocks, including a few ‘oncogenic-signaling-addictive blocks' in which frequently used oncogenic signaling events are enriched.Large scale sequencing of cancer genomes has shown that there is a lot of diversity and little overlap in terms of the different types of mutated genes. This diversity is seen among different types of tumours and even between tumours that originate from the same tissue. Despite the complexity of these mutations, the cancer signalling map allows them to be divided into a few common signaling modules and therefore uncovers the underlying logic of cancer signaling. Both common and tumor-type specific signaling modules are observed. The common module contains genes that are frequently mutated in most tumors regardless of tumor-type. However, the common module is generally not sufficient for tumorigenesis, because mutations of the genes in the common module are frequently accompanied by mutations in one or two other signaling modules. Different tumor types appear to achieve tumorigenesis via distinct mechanisms, i.e., through collaboration between different signaling modules. Taking a systems-biology approach, the researchers present a network view of molecular mechanisms of cancer signaling that will shape our understanding of fundamental tumor cell biology.
Regulation of gene expression in the nervous system
Authors: Ooi Lezanne , Wood Ian C. 
Published: August 2008

The nervous system contains a multitude of cell types which are specified during development by cascades of transcription factors acting combinatorially. Some of these transcription factors are only active during development, whereas others continue to function in the mature nervous system to maintain appropriate gene-expression patterns in differentiated cells. Underpinning the function of the nervous system is its plasticity in response to external stimuli, and many transcription factors are involved in regulating gene expression in response to neuronal activity, allowing us to learn, remember and make complex decisions. Here we review some of the recent findings that have uncovered the molecular mechanisms that underpin the control of gene regulatory networks within the nervous system. We highlight some recent insights into the gene-regulatory circuits in the development and differentiation of cells within the nervous system and discuss some of the mechanisms by which synaptic transmission influences transcription-factor activity in the mature nervous system. Mutations in genes that are important in epigenetic regulation (by influencing DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications) have long been associated with neuronal disorders in humans such as Rett syndrome, Huntington's disease and some forms of mental retardation, and recent work has focused on unravelling their mechanisms of action. Finally, the discovery of microRNAs has produced a paradigm shift in gene expression, and we provide some examples and discuss the contribution of microRNAs to maintaining dynamic gene regulatory networks in the brain.
The Detection and Monitoring of Comprehension Errors by Preschool Children With and Without Language Impairment
Authors: Skarakis-Doyle Elizabeth , Dempsey Lynn 
Published: August 2008

Purpose
In this study, the authors examined emerging comprehension monitoring, including error detection, evaluation, and correction within the context of story understanding in preschool children with and without language impairment.

Method
Thirty-seven children between the ages of 30 and 61 months completed an online comprehension monitoring task. There were 3 groups: 10 children with language impairment, 13 typically developing children who were matched for age, and 14 typically developing children who were matched for receptive vocabulary.

Results
Analyses of variance revealed that children with language impairment attained significantly lower scores on the comprehension monitoring task than both age-matched and language-matched groups.

Conclusion
The skills underlying successful comprehension monitoring that may be affected in young children with language impairment are discussed.
PathCase: pathways database system
Authors: Elliott Brendan , Kirac Mustafa , Cakmak Ali , Yavas Gokhan , Mayes Stephen , Cheng En , Wang Yuan , Gupta Chirag , Ozsoyoglu Gultekin , Meral Ozsoyoglu Zehra 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Motivation: As the blueprints of cellular actions, biological pathways characterize the roles of genomic entities in various cellular mechanisms, and as such, their availability, manipulation and queriability over the web is important to facilitate ongoing biological research.
Results: In this article, we present the new features of PathCase, a system to store, query, visualize and analyze metabolic pathways at different levels of genetic, molecular, biochemical and organismal detail. The new features include: (i) a web-based system with a new architecture, containing a server-side and a client-side, and promoting scalability, and flexible and easy adaptation of different pathway databases, (ii) an interactive client-side visualization tool for metabolic pathways, with powerful visualization capabilities, and with integrated gene and organism viewers, (iii) two distinct querying capabilities: an advanced querying interface for computer savvy users, and built-in queries for ease of use, that can be issued directly from pathway visualizations and (iv) a pathway functionality analysis tool. PathCase is now available for three different datasets, namely, KEGG pathways data, sample pathways from the literature and BioCyc pathways for humans.
Availability: Available online at http://nashua.case.edu/pathways
Contact: pathcase@case.edu
The Intensity–Pitch Relation Revisited: Monopolar Versus Bipolar Cochlear Stimulation
Authors: Arnoldner Christoph , Riss Dominik , Kaider Alexandra , Mair Alois , Wagenblast Jens , Baumgartner Wolf‐Dieter , Gstöttner Wolfgang , Hamzavi Jafar‐Sasan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis: The very high speech perception scores now being achieved with cochlear implants have led to demands for similar levels of achievement in music perception and perception in noisy environments. One of the crucial factors in these fields is pitch perception. The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which pitch perception is influenced by the intensity of the stimulus, through the use of different stimulation modes (monopolar, bipolar) and different electrodes (lateral and perimodiolar).Study Design: Sixteen postlingually deafened patients with an average implant use of 3.1 years were included in this study. All patients were using a Cochlear (CI24M, CI24R, CI24RE) cochlear implant.Methods: Subjects were asked to compare the pitch of an intensity‐constant reference tone with the pitch of a test tone of varying intensity. The test was repeated for apical, mediocochlear, and basal channel locations, and also for monopolar and bipolar stimulation.Results: It was found that in monopolar stimulation 87.5% and in bipolar stimulation 85.7% of the patients perceived a clear pitch change with changing intensity of the stimulus (Spearman correlation coefficients r < −0.3 or r > 0.3, respectively). A total of 73.1% of these patients perceived lower pitches with increasing intensity, 26.9% reported the opposite effect. No statistically significant difference in the intensity–pitch correlation could be found between mono‐ and bipolar stimulation. Neither the mean dynamic range nor the type of electrode used was found to be related to the correlation coefficient.Conclusion: Although the majority of today's cochlear implant recipients perform well and the intensity–pitch relation in cochlear implant recipients is still poorly understood, rising demands on speech‐coding strategies may soon make a compensation of the pitch shifts desirable. Although the results of our study tend to argue against a peripheral mechanism, the exact origin of this phenomenon remains unclear.
Nasal Lavage With Mupirocin for the Treatment of Surgically Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Uren Brent , Psaltis Alkis , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: To examine the efficacy and tolerability of topical mupirocin for the management of surgically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) associated with Staphylococcus aureus infection.Study Design: Prospective open‐label pilot study.Methods: Patients with surgically recalcitrant CRS who had positive nasendoscopically guided cultures for Staphylococcus aureus were treated with twice daily nasal lavages containing 0.05% Mupirocin and lactated ringers salts. The duration of treatment was 3 weeks. Patients were assessed before and after treatment in terms of nasendoscopic findings, microbiology results, and Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐20) and visual analogue scale questionnaires.Results: Fifteen of 16 patients had improved nasendoscopic findings after treatment. Twelve of 16 patients noted overall symptom improvement. Fifteen of 16 patients had negative swab results for Staphylococcus aureus after treatment. Only minimal adverse effects were experienced.Conclusions: Nasal Lavage with 0.05% Mupirocin may represent an effective and well tolerated alternative treatment for postsurgical recalcitrant CRS.