bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fevers of unknown origin in patients requiring mechanical ventilation: an odontogenic problem?
Authors: CORDON MARCIA A. , GOLDBERG NORMA BOONE , GOLDBERG ALLEN FRED 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTPatients who are on continuous monitors and mechanical ventilators, and who are receiving medical care in an intensive care setting, do not meet the usual expectations for dental care. Two examples of odontogenic contribution to fevers of unknown origin are presented in the context of treatment of continuously monitored patients with mechanically supported respiration. It is intended that these cases show the need for active dental consultation and participation by dentists in the care of the patient who is chronically ill and who cannot be brought to the traditional dental care setting.
Oral complications of cancer chemotherapy: prevention and management
Authors: NAYLOR GREGORY D. , TEREZHALMY GEZA T. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTCancer chemotherapy is used to destroy rapidly proliferating cells. However, normal cells with high mitotic indexes are also affected by chemotherapy, particularly those in the oral and gastrointestinal mucosa and the hemopoietic system. Ultimately, this may lead to certain oral complications of cancer chemotherapy such as mucositis, infection, hemorrhage, xerostomia, and neurologic and nutritional disorders.The prevention and management of these oral complications that may result from the chemotherapeutic management of cancer are discussed here.
Oral health care attitudes of nursing assistants in long‐term care facilities
Authors: KAZ MARY ELIZABETH , SCHUCHMAN LYNN 
Published: March 2008

This study compares the oral health attitudes of nursing assistants employed in facilities served by mobile dental units, with attitudes of nursing assistants employed in facilities that are not served by mobile dental units.Seventy‐seven nursing assistants were selected from seven long‐term care facilities. Mobile dental service was available in four of the seven facilities. Certified nursing assistants completed a three part questionnaire that included demographics, personal oral health care habits, and an attitudinal section based on Kegeles' health belief model, measured by a Likert‐type scale.Demographically, a majority of assistants in each group were female, worked the first shift, and had worked at their respective facilities from 6–12 months. On the average, assistants who worked at facilities that were not served by a mobile dental unit had more years of postsecondary education. Both groups had similar in‐service dental histories for the previous year.A greater number of nursing assistants at facilities that were not served by a mobile dental unit reported having dental checkups within the past year. The majority of assistants in each group brushed their teeth twice per day, used a medium or hard toothbrush, and did not floss.Attitudinal mean scores were similar in all the areas of the health belief model, with the exception that assistants who were not served by a dental unit showed a greater mean score for the area of susceptibility. Through use of the t‐test, the area of susceptibility was found to be statistically significant (P= .05) between the two groups.Results suggest nursing assistants' exposure to mobile dental services may not strongly influence oral health attitudes.
Profile and expectations of students entering gener practice residency programs
Authors: Gogan Catherine M. , Davis Elaine L. 
Published: March 2008

Although various studies have attempted to evaluate the success of general practice residency (GPR) programs in providing postdoctoral training, little work has investigated the motivation for senior dental students opting for such training compared with entering directly into private practice. Questionnaires were administered to 58 seniors at the State University of New York at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine 1 month before graduation to determine possible differences between those entering GPR programs and those planning to enter private practice. The survey also examined the goals of dentists about to enter GPR programs and compared them with the training goals determined by the Commission on Dental Accreditation.Although 75% of those entering GPR programs cited additional clinical experience as the reason for choosing this step in their careers, the most frequent response from those entering directly into private practice concerned the financial benefits. Also, of the respondents about to enter GPR programs, only one student indicated a desire for training in hospital dentistry.Although this survey was relatively limited in size, it appears that advanced instruction in the management of patients with complex health care problems is not one of the primary motivating factors for students considering residencies. This may indicate a need at the pre doctoral level for greater instruction in changing health care demographics and in the training goals of general practice residencies, to continue to attract qualified dental graduates with goals compatible with those of GPR programs.
A national survey of dental protocols for the patient with a cardiac transplant
Authors: Boraz Robert A. , Myers Ronnie 
Published: March 2008

To assess current practice of dental protocols for the patient with a cardiac transplant, a 19‐question survey was designed and distributed to all general practice and oral surgery residency programs accredited by the American Dental Association. Analysis of the survey demonstrates a great amount of variability in the protocols used in this field.With the discovery of cyclosporine in 1976 by Borel, organ transplantation surgery has become increasingly common. This is especially true of heart transplantation. Success rates have increased dramatically in recent years; they are now documented at 81% at 1 year, 74% at 2 years, and 50% at 5 years. The two primary causes of death after cardiac transplantation are organ rejection and infection.Cyclosporine and azathioprine have improved the delicate balance between preventing organ rejection and encouraging infections. However, numerous bacterial infections, viral infections, and fungal infections may originate in the mouth and become life‐threatening problems. For this reason, dentists must be members of the cardiac transplant teams and a nationally accepted dental protocol should be devised to ensure proper patient care.
A national survey of medical risk assessment instruction in general practice residency programs: Part III
Authors: Kelly William h. , Napholz Linda 
Published: March 2008

This is the third of a three‐part series reporting a national survey of general practice residency directors and their evaluation of the medical risk assessment (MRA) instruction curriculum in their programs. The purpose of Part III was to report the program directors' narrative comments in response to six essay‐style questions regarding problems, suggestions, and innovations encountered in their efforts.Availability of physician faculty was the most frequently mentioned problem in providing MRA instruction for general practice residents. Defining and communicating goals and objectives were also of major concern. Proposed solutions included attempts to recruit additional physician faculty and improved supervision and management of program activities, especially off‐service rotations.There was no consensus as to what future modifications the Commission on Dental Accreditation should make in its approach to teaching MRA as defined in Standard 14. The majority of responses indicated a desire to decrease total experience, especially in physical examination requirements other than head and neck
Israeli dentists: A survey of infection control office practices and care of medically compromised patients
Authors: Trieger Norman , Schlesinger Nitzan , Kaufman Eliezer , Mann Jonathan 
Published: March 2008

A survey was conducted by interviewing a randomly selected sample of practicing dentists in Israel in 1991. The aim of this study was to evaluate methods of infection control in current use and to learn about the access to care for medically compremised patients.One hundred seventeen dentists were interviewed. This group represented a majority of graduates from Israeli schools (66).With respect to infection control, only 28% of the population surveyed routinely uses gloves, but 43% use steam autoclave, and 70% use dry‐heat sterilization.A very high percentage (87%) took a verbal medical history, while a small minority (27%) had their patients fill out a written questionnaire. Only occasionally was the name of the patient's physician requested or recorded, implying a flaw in interprofessional communications. Only 26% of the dentists said they would treat patients with hepatitis and/or AIDS. Only about half the dentists accepted patients on chemotherapy or radiotherapy or those who were taking anticoagulant drugs.Physical access for dental patients in wheelchair or stretcher was markedly limited, with referral to regional hospitals the routine for these patients.
Assessment of the oral health status of the medically compromised homebound geriatric patient: A descriptive pilot study
Authors: Paunovich Eleonore 
Published: March 2008

This pilot study was designed to assess the oral health status of homebound elderly and determine their dental care needs. Fifty‐one subjects enrolled in a hospital‐based home care program were recruited for this study. Subjects were visited in their homes by both a dentist and a physician. Care plans and medications were reviewed for each subject. Initial assessments to receive informed written consent were conducted by the physician. Oral health assessments by the dentist included comprehensive examinations for sot? tissue pathology, periodontal health, caries, restoration, and tooth condition, as well as existing prosthesis assessment, plaque index, and grip strength. A Physical Self‐Maintenance Scale was administered in order to determine the level of dependence of this population for their oral hygiene self‐care.The oral health status of these homebound elderly was found to be poor, with 84% of the subjects requiring dental care.
Hypoxemia due to inserting a bite block in severely handicapped patients
Authors: Ogasawara Tadashi , Watanabe Tatsuo , Hosaka Kazuo , Kasahara Hiroshi 
Published: March 2008

In severely handicapped patients with severe cerebral palsy, stridor can be caused by a bite block in the mouth. So that dental treatment can be performed safely for these patients, the effect of a bite block on the respiratory function of 30 severely handicapped patients was investigated with two pulse oximeters.Of the 30 subjects examined, 96.7% showed SpO2 values above 95% in the resting state, and 26.7% showed SpO2 values under 94% after insertion of a small or middle‐sized bite block. Patients who did not show SpO2 decrease while using a small bite block did have deterioration of SpO2 values when a middle‐sized bite block was used. According to analysis by AIC, patients whose weight was less than 20 kg, who were shorter than 130 cm, and who were more severely handicapped tended to have a deterioration of breathing function when using a bite block.
Dental health of children with cerebral palsy following sialodochoplasty
Authors: Hallett Kerrod B. , Lucas James O. , Johnston Timothy , Reddihough Dinah S. , Hall Roger K. 
Published: March 2008

Drooling occurs commonly in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Surgical procedures, known as sialodochoplasties, are often performed for the control of drooling. These Include major salivary gland excision, parasympathetic nerve section, duct ligation, and duct re‐routing. Alterations in saliva amount, flow, and consistency occur following sialodochoplasty, and the resultant effect on dental homeostasis requires further investigation.This controlled study investigated 19 children with CP following sialodochoplasty (surgery group) and 75 children with CP treated nonsurgically (control group) who attended our hospital. Dental caries experience—including dmft, DMFT, and partial DMFS scores of mandibular incisors and canines only—plaque index, and enamel developmental defects index were recorded. Saliva buffering capacity and bacterial counts were assessed.The surgical group (median DMFT = 5.00) had significantly more dental caries when compared with the control group (median DMFT = 0.00), Wilcoxon Signed‐rank Test, P < 0.0001.This study has shown that children with CP following sialodochoplasty have increased risk of dental caries when compared with those treated nonsurgically for drooling. Although no caries predictors were identified, alterations to the caries‐protective role of saliva are considered the likely cause. Children who undergo this procedure should receive intensive pre‐and postsurgical preventive dental therapy.
Education for geriatric oral health promotion
Authors: Reynolds Mark W. 
Published: March 2008

Dentate older adults need to be aware that restorative procedures completed in the past do not guarantee their oral health now or in the future. By building on the strengths of their current behaviors, the elderly may see change as more manageable and may accept it more readily. Educational approaches aimed at the edentulous older patient should focus on the need for preventative oral health care. Thirty thousand new cases of oral cancer are reported each year, and of those, 50% are in patients above the age of 65. Progressive bone resorption, decreased nutritional intake, and poor oral health affecting self‐esteem to the point of withdrawal from social circles can all be avoided through periodic assessment and timely intervention.All health care professionals must be educated in the role that are required of them as health team members. Initial exams of elderly patients should include assessment of not only the patient's oral health but also his/her ability to perform oral hygiene. An accurate assessment of the patient's needs, desires, and abilities will help to eliminate many of the misconceptions that the care provider may harbor. Clinical training in more thorough oral exams and in methods of effectively educating patients concerning oral health is a prudent step for physicians, physician assistants, nurses, and nurse practitioners. Effective educational presentations must be tailored to the targeted group of older adults; not all strategies will work for all elderly people.
Malocclusions and traumatic injuries in disabled schoolchildren and adolescents in Kuwait
Authors: Shyama Maddi , Al‐Mutawa Sabiha A. , Honkala Sisko 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and traumatic injuries in disabled children and adolescents attending the special‐needs schools in Kuwait. Included in the study were 818 children (438 males and 380 females), in the age groups of 3–20 years, who have visual impairment, hearing impairment, physical handicaps, or developmental disorders. The mean age of participants was 11.9 years. The survey was carried out according to the methods of WHO. The prevalence of severe malocclusion was 23.6%, and that of slight malocclusion was 37.0%. Children with Down syndrome (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.51‐3.52), those of increasing age (OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.01‐1.10), and males (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.05‐2.07) had higher risk for the occurrence of severe malocclusion. Less than one‐fifth of the subjects (16.9%) had traumatized anterior teeth. Severe malocclusion (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.17‐2.77) and increasing age (OR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.13‐1.26) were significant risk factors for the occurrence of traumatic injuries. We concluded that malocclusion and traumatic injuries are more prevalent among these subjects with disabilities than among the healthy population in Kuwait.
Use of dental implants in patients with Down syndrome: a case report
Authors: Lustig Joseph P. , Yanko Robert , Zilberman Uri 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTDown syndrome is caused by trisomy of the 21st chromosome and is associated with well‐described physical and systemic problems. Most people with Down syndrome have some degree of mental retardation as well as malformation of head and neck. Oral structures that are commonly affected include the tongue (microglossia), abnormalities in the number and shape of teeth, and poor quality (osteoporotic‐like) of alveolar bone and jaw. These oral malformations as well as a tendency toward poor cooperation in the dental office contribute to the belief among dentists that people with Down syndrome are not good candidates for oral rehabilitation with dental implants. This article describes the use of dental implants in the oral rehabilitation of a 16‐year‐old boy with Down syndrome. Although more experience is needed before dental implants can be considered a suitable option during oral rehabilitation in people with Down syndrome, this case report shows a promising beginning.
Oral hygiene, gingivitis, and periodontitis in persons with Down syndrome
Authors: López‐Pérez Rubén , Borges‐Yáñez S. Aída , Jiménez‐García Gustavo , Maupomé Gerardo 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to determine and compare the prevalence, severity, and extent of gingivitis and periodontitis in patients with Down syndrome and patients who did not have Down syndrome. The authors also assessed the relationship of these conditions and compared them to the age, gender, and oral hygiene profiles in both groups. Using a case‐control study design, the authors examined 32 individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and matched each with a participant from the control group (CG) according to age and gender. Researchers determined the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, Gingival Index, and measured the level of gingival attachment for each participant. The authors found that the relationship between the presence of dental plaque and the severity of gingivitis was moderate among participants with DS. While the overall characteristics of the periodontal and gingival health status were not markedly different between the two groups, the extent and severity of gingivitis and the extent of periodontitis were greater in the group with DS than in the CG.
Clinical and microbiological analysis of periodontally diseased sites after renal transplant
Authors: Vieira Mara L.S.O. , Martins Walter , Grisi Marcio F.M. , Novaes Arthur B. , Souza Sergio L.S. , Salvador Sérgio L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis study compared the clinical and microbiological status of periodontally diseased sites in 42 patients who had a renal transplant and were undergoing immunosuppressive therapy (21 taking azathioprin and corticosteroids [Az‐C] and 21 taking cyclosporin‐A [Cy‐A] with those of 21 systemically healthy matched controls. Probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival hyperplasia (GH) were measured at 339 sites. Subgingival plaque samples were analyzed for the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and/or Bacteroides forsythus using the BANA test. Our findings suggest that immunosuppressed patients showed significantly less inflammation and fewer putative anaerobic pathogens using the BANA test, and that patients undergoing therapy with cyclosporin‐A have a higher frequency of sites with gingival hyperplasia when compared with patients medicated with azathioprin or corticosteroids.
CONFERENCE PRESENTATION:Changing perceptions of oral health and its importance to general health: provider perceptions, public perceptions, policyma ker perceptions
Authors: Pyle Marsha A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTHe first ever Surgeon General's Report on Oral Health1 emphasizes that oral health is essential to the general health and well‐being of all Americans, and that oral health can be achieved. But it will require that we think about and approach oral health activities in a different manner. If we desire to influence the mind‐set of health care providers, the public, policymakers, and institutions, how do we get from what we know about the relationship of oral health and general health to integrating the notion into everyday actions? The Surgeon General's Report on Oral Health has elevated this issue to the forefront of health care and provided us with an extraordinary opportunity. The challenge: Lead with action and catalyze integration into multiple forum‐public, private, and professional‐and engage in activities that will change how oral health is perceived broadly. Ultimately, geriatric oral health and the health of all access‐limited populations should benefit.To continue preserving the oral health of the millions of older individuals who now enjoy it and to ensure it for those who lack it will require change on multiple societal levels: the health care providers, the neighborhood, the community; Federal, state, and local governments; and the nation as a whole. It means addressing and overcoming multiple barriers to oral health care, which may include problems or disparities in: education, economics, the environment, cultural and social issues, and the health care system itself1 To change perceptions, we must remove the barriers to care, educate the stakeholders who can influence or benefit from training programs, conduct broader, population‐based research, build public and private partnerships, develop a stronger health care infrastructure, and expand initiatives that target specific risks for declining oral health. In addition to seeking new answers to these problems, it is imperative that we apply what we already know.
Explorer probing of root caries lesions: an in vitro study
Authors: Warren John J. , Levy Steven M. , Wefel James S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTProbing with a dental explorer is the preferred method of root caries diagnoses. However, studies suggest that use of a dental explorer in coronal caries detection may damage tooth structure. This pilot study investigated the effect of probing on remineralization of root surface lesions in vitro.Root‐surface lesions were created on 10 extracted teeth by exposing them to a demineralizing solution for 21 days. One side of each lesion was then randomly selected and probed with an explorer, while the other side was not probed. The teeth then were placed in a remineralizing solution containing 10 parts per million (ppm) fluoride for 21 days.Of the 9 teeth with usable sections, all showed frank evidence of defects on the probed halves. Sites of remineralization were seen in the non‐probed halves and adjacent to the probed defects, but not within or at the base of these defects. These results suggest that probing of root surfaces may create defects that do not fully remineralize.
Assessing prosthodontic dental treatment needs in older adults in Thailand: normative vs. sociodental approaches
Authors: Srisilapanan Patcharawan , Korwanich Narumanas , Sheiham Aubrey 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe authors compared the estimated prosthodontic treatment needs of edentulous older adults when using normative and sociodental approaches. This cross‐sectional study involved a non‐random sample of 158 edentulous adults, aged 60 to 74 years, who were living independently in metropolitan Chiang Mai, Thailand. Each subject was given an oral examination and was interviewed. The dental questionnaire and the clinical criteria were adapted from the National Diet and Nutritional Survey for People Aged 65 and Older and included the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances sociodental indicator. Of the 158 subjects, we found using a normative assessment that 79.7% had a treatment need for complete dentures; 60.5% of those adults had impact‐related treatment needs. Estimated treatment need dropped by about 40% when subjects were assessed using the sociodental approach. We concluded that large reductions in normative need estimates for complete dentures were apparent using a sociodental approach to assess prosthodontic dental treatment needs of older people.