bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost – performance – size optimization for automotive induction machines
Authors: Pugsley G. , Chillet C. , Fonseca A. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeSeeks to posit a new procedure to optimize the geometry of an electric motor for hybrid vehicles (HV), based on an optimization model implementing the complex specifications, environment‐sizing constraints and vehicle‐operating points.Design/methodology/approachIn this work, induction machines (IM) were studied for automotive traction applications, more specifically, for HV. The necessary models and methods to analyse and design such electric machines were developed. A limited number of finite element computations was used to establish a non‐linear electromagnetic model of the machine. This model was then adapted to study the sensitivity of the design for the most significant geometric variations. Thus, one can easily adapt a machine for new sizing requirements.FindingsThis modelling methodology was extended to take into account a great number of parametric variations. This model was used for constrained optimisation on the geometry of a machine. To achieve this, a new “reset model optimisation” method was proposed, combining fast computations, precision and simplicity. This methodology was used to design an IM with HV‐sizing considerations.Practical implicationsThe methodology is based on an improved equivalent circuit of the IM where the FEM accuracy (saturation) is combined with the potential of analytical modelling (simple and quick).Originality/valueThis half‐analytical, half‐FEM methodology is well adapted for research projects where the specifications are frequently reviewed.
Iron loss analysis of linear oscillating actuator for linear compressor
Authors: Lee Heon , Moon Heegon , Wang Semyung , Park Kyungbae 
Published: July 2006

PurposeAims to discuss iron loss analysis and experimenting with linear oscillating actuator for linear compressor.Design/methodology/approachThe iron loss analysis of the linear oscillating actuator is performed by using ANSYS and iron loss curves, which is obtained by an Epstein test apparatus.FindingsThe way to calculate the iron loss of the linear oscillating actuator for the linear compressor and the method to experiment the iron loss of that can be studied.Research limitations/implicationsIron loss analysis of the linear compressor considering the motor part and the structure part is needed.Originality/valueEach iron loss analysis method examined here can be used to analyze the iron loss of the linear motor.
Electromagnetic modelling of permanent magnet axial flux motors and generators
Authors: Marignetti Fabrizio , Tomassi Gianni , Bumby James R. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo provide a general framework for the electromagnetic analysis of axial flux motors and generators.Design/methodology/approachThe procedure is based on the solution of Maxwell's equation in a cylindrical frame. All field sources (permanent magnets, windings) are subdivided into filamentary windings. The expansion of the 2D air‐gap magnetic field into a Fourier series is computed at every radius. The contributions of the harmonics are then added to achieve the expressions of the stator and rotor flux densities, back emf and developed torque. Slotting and skewing are taken into account also.FindingsThe model can be written in a compact form by introducing a generalisation of the space vectors theory. The analysis is proved to be in accordance both with the finite element analysis and with experimental data.Research limitations/implicationsThe model does not take into account eddy‐currents and non‐linearities. It does not take into account also specifically 3D phenomena, as the radial components of the flux densities.Practical implicationsThe analysis is of practical interest from the standpoint both of control and of machine design. In this latter occurrence, it represents a valid alternative over computationally heavier 3D finite elements models.Originality/valueAlthough the procedure is partly based on previous analyses, it is original in the way it exploits the basic theory in order to introduce skewing, slotting, and finite length of the iron. With respect to other models introduced so far, the present one is more compact in the end, its parameters can be easily computed and their physical meaning is easily understood.
Comparison of numerical and measurement methods of SAR of ellipsoidal phantoms with muscle tissue electrical parameters
Authors: Kubacki R. , Sobiech J. , Kieliszek J. , Krawczyk A. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe assessing of the specific absorption rate (SAR) of living organisms or phantoms is difficult to realize and this paper seeks to do this. SAR much more precisely describes the energy absorbed by biological objects than values of electric field strength (E [V/m]) or power density (S [W/m2]) measured at the point of exposition. However, for living objects the assessing of SAR is not an easy task by measuring methods or even in calculation evaluations. Numerical techniques, especially the finite‐difference time‐domain method (FDTD), offer different possibilities of calculations. The important problem with FDTD method introduced to lossy objects with complex shapes is that this method is not verified with the measuring data.Design/methodology/approachIn this work the results of calculations and measuring data of ellipsoidal phantoms filled with specimen of electrical parameters like muscle tissue are presented. The calculations of SAR have been realized for two cases, e.g. for plane wave incident and for waveguide condition. Measurements for verifying the obtained data were done by waveguide method. The comparison of numerical (the package CONCERTO (Vector Fields Ltd)) and measurement methods were done at frequencies 900 and 1,800 MHz.FindingsCalculations of SAR of lossy objects by FDTD method have been confirmed by measurements and analytical method of calculations. This documents that the package CONCERTO (Vector Fields Ltd) (Concerto User Guide) can be used for such calculations.Originality/valueThis paper presents the results of calculations of SAR of ellipsoidal phantoms filled with specimens of electrical parameters of equivalent muscle tissue.
Computation of eddy current losses in the mounting rail of a magnetically levitated conveyor vehicle
Authors: Leßmann Marc , Hameyer Kay 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe paper proposes presenting a transient 3D‐FE computation approach of the eddy current losses in the rail and the flux concentrating pieces of a magnetically levitated conveyor vehicle.Design/methodology/approachThe calculation process is started with a coarse mesh in order to reduce computation time without losing accuracy. Then mesh refinement iterations are performed, based on the estimation of the discretisation error. The results of the post processing are the levitation force, the braking force and the eddy current losses.FindingsThe paper finds that by means of adaptive mesh refinement, the error is significantly reduced with a minimum increase of computation time. The hot spots of eddy current losses can be localised by visualizing the eddy current density. At nominal speed, especially the huge amount of eddy current losses in the flux concentrating pieces must be considered during the development process.Research limitations/implicationsFor further development, the linear motor will be modified with the results of FE computations to reduce eddy current losses. Therefore, different materials and a variation of geometry will be considered.Practical implicationsMagnetically levitated systems excite eddy current losses instead of bearing losses. These losses must be taken into account when developing the drive.Originality/valueIt proposes a transient 3D‐FE approach for computing eddy current losses accurately with a minimum increase of computation time.
Improvements in a method to characterize soft ferrite up to high frequencies
Authors: Tellini B. , Giannetti R. , Lizón Martínez S. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper aims to show a low‐cost and easy to use measurement method for characterizing magnetic material B(H) relation up to medium frequencies providing an acceptable overall accuracy of the acquired data.Design/methodology/approachSaturation fields at MHz frequencies are obtained through resonance effects of properly designed circuit. Simulations and measurements are presented and discussed.FindingsThe paper shows the flexibility of the method and the possibility to use it for a complete characterization of the magnetic cores. Discussions and possible extension to rotating field measurements are reported.Originality/valueThe paper provides information on a low‐cost and easy to use measurement method to characterize magnetic hysteretic materials.
Design of magnetically levitated 2D drive
Authors: Etxaniz Iñigo , Izpizua Alberto , San Martin Manex , Arana Joseba , Axpe Marta 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe paper aims to introduces a design of a planar motor with six degrees of freedom (dof).Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a description of the model.FindingsThe paper finds that this planar motor is magnetically levitated in four dof and magnetically driven in the other two. In the design of the system, structural characteristics of all elements as well as magnetic forces done by magnetic actuators have been taken into account. The model was realized by means fem and then was simulated dynamically in developed Simulink model. The design of the system has been greatly influenced by the sensor system. Hall effect proves have been introduced in some parts of the system. Magnetic flux density, and its direction can be measured in different parts of the system.Originality/valueThe paper describes the design of a planar motor with six dof.
Reflexivity revisited: the sociocybernetics of belief, meaning, truth and power
Authors: Scott Bernard 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo present sociocybernetic models of observers in interaction with the aim of encouraging reflection on what is good practice in human communication.Design/methodology/approachFoundational cybernetic concepts of “process and product” are drawn upon to develop models of “belief”, “meaning”, “truth” and “power”.Findings“Belief”, following Pask and Rescher, is modelled as a coherent, self‐reproducing system of concepts. “Meaning”, following Peirce, is modelled in terms of the pragmatic consequences of holding certain beliefs to be true. The concept of “truth” is modelled as “justified true belief”, the classic ideal of the “objective sciences”. “Power” is modelled as the pragmatic consequences of social interaction.Originality/valueThe paper invites the members of the sociocybernetics community to reflect on the reflexive nature of these models and to critically monitor and evaluate the quality of the communication within that community.
Thank you Felix Geyer
Authors: Langman Lauren 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo pay tribute to Felix Geyer's contributions to the activities of Research Committee (RC) 36, alienation research and theory, of the International Sociological Association.Design/methodology/approachThe author recollects his involvement with RC36 and his longstanding relationship with Felix Geyer.FindingsThe establishment of RC36 and its current viability stand as testimony to the effort of Felix Geyer.Originality/valueAlienation, one of the oldest concepts in social analysis and critique, remains a lively and exciting topic for theory and research, thanks not least to Felix Geyer. It is right that he should receive recognition for his hard work and achievements.
Thinking about experience and action
Authors: Jung Richard 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo develop a conception of experience and action.Design/methodology/approachPhenomenological concepts of subjectivity and meaning are combined with cybernetic concepts of constraint.FindingsA unified theory of action and experience is developed.Originality/valueThe theory provides a scientific, cybernetic, unifying theory of experience and action applicable to individuals, groups and aggregates.
The sociological concept of autopoiesis
Authors: Buchinger Eva 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo explore the sociological concept of autopoiesis (N. Luhmann), investigate its interdisciplinary roots and demonstrate its practical relevance.Design/methodology/approachThe biological concept of autopoiesis (H. Maturana/F. Varela) and the philosophical concept of meaning (E. Husserl) are first discussed with respect to their contribution to the development of the sociological concept of autopoiesis. The autopoietic mechanism of three different social systems is then described, and the practical relevance of the sociological concept of autopoiesis demonstrated using the example of governance.FindingsThe scientific positioning of the sociological approach to autopoiesis is two‐fold. On the one hand, it is firmly rooted in the scientific tradition and, on the other, its originality is determined by the adaptation and new combination of existing concepts. Although this adaptation‐combination process has provoked some criticism, the result does matter because it enriches the theoretical and empirical analysis which we use to explain the dynamics of modern societies.Practical implicationsThe application of the sociological concept of autopoiesis to politics gives new insights into the opportunities and barriers of governance processes.Originality/valuePositioning of the sociological concept of autopoiesis within the scientific tradition and its application (beyond metaphorical usage) as an analytical tool.
Sociocybernetics and testability: a bridge too far?
Authors: van der Zouwen Johannes 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo investigate how far sociocyberneticians have tried to meet the criterion of “empirical testability” in their publications. What changes in this respect have taken place in recent years?Design/methodology/approachInventory of papers published in Kybernetes from 1977 to 2004, and classification of sociocybernetic papers by type, i.e. the degree to which empirical testability plays a role in the argument.FindingsThe number of sociocybernetic papers has increased. The purely conceptual, theoretical or methodological papers make way for papers in which particular social systems and processes are analyzed, using the conceptual apparatus of cybernetics. However, the percentage of papers in which empirical data are used for the testing of hypotheses and models has decreased. It seems that the testability problem of sociocybernetics is unsolvable.Originality/valueThese findings lead to a reflection on the way in which sociocybernetics could eventually overcome the testability problem, by more methodological sophistication, on the one hand, and a more parsimonious formulation of sociocybernetic theories, on the other hand.
Complex systems studies and the concepts of security
Authors: Mesjasz Czesław 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo present which properties of social systems can be used in studying and determining their broadly defined security. A core concept of security is to be developed into a typology of attributes of security of social systems.Design/methodology/approachThe interpretation of security has become one of the most important challenges of theory of international relations and of related areas. Unfortunately, theory only follows the processes and provides descriptions and interpretations. Explanations are rare or superficial. Predictions or normative approaches, essential for security considerations, are mainly embedded either in ideological discourse or in common sense conclusions. A broadly defined systems thinking is applied as an instrument allowing for enhancement of methodology of security research in dealing with complex social phenomena.FindingsIt may not be expected that systems thinking could provide all the answers to the questions arising in security theory and policy. At the same time, it can be shown how strongly the discourse on a broadly defined security, not only in international relations, has been influenced by systems thinking.Research limitations/implicationsIt is but an introductory survey study and includes omissions and simplifications that have to be explained in detail in further studies.Practical implicationsAn introduction to the further research on the links between systems thinking and discourse on broadly defined security of individuals and social systems.Originality/valueAllows systems specialists to avoid simplifications in understanding social systems and at the same time helps security specialists to avoid abuses and trivialization of systems thinking.
Is Kevin Warwick a dandy?
Authors: Wood John 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo celebrate the life and achievements of Felix Geyer by addressing issues of mutual interest, in a light‐hearted and informative fashion.Design/methodology/approachAdopts a polemical style that encapsulates the conclusions that will appeal to many types and affiliations of reader.FindingsThat, on the one hand, Felix Geyer is a cool dude who once smoked cigars and wore a raincoat. That, on the other hand, by walking around with “implants” in his body, and by celebrating/publicising this fact to the mass media, Kevin Warwick raised issues that remind us of the cult of the dandy.Originality/valueStyle, agenda, and range of concerns are unorthodox.
The vicarious self
Authors: Miguel Aguado Juan 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo provide a theoretical context for the application of F. Geyer's work on alienation in highly complex societal environments to the study of the social and cultural impact of the mass media and cultural industries.Design/methodology/approachA macro‐sociological approach provides the ground for the insertion of Geyer's concepts of alienation and vicarious experience into Luhmann's theory of the mass media. The second‐order cybernetics conception of endogenous information is here taken as a systemic insight to the idea of experience in cultural studies and social psychology.FindingsProvides a theoretical basis for the use of experience as an observational concept in the study of the social and cultural impact of media dynamics, posing interesting links with relevant current research issues in mass media, such as globalization and uncertainty management.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a theoretical work that demands future applications and research field in order to test coherence and potential.Practical implicationsThis paper underlines the relevance of F. Geyer's work on alienation from the viewpoint of systems perspective to the current study of the mass media as a macro‐sociological reference phenomenon in social and cultural trends. It poses vicarious experience as an observational concept, thus providing a conceptual bridge between systemics and current cultural studies.Originality/valueThis paper poses a wide and original conceptual net that involves Geyer's work together with macro‐sociological current contributions (Giddens, Luhmann, Beck, etc.) in the context of media studies.
Advances in the development of semantic e‐business
Authors: Rudall Brian H. , Mann C.J.H. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper aims to review current advances in the development of semantic e‐business with particular reference to semantic web technologies. Secure e‐business processes, and knowledge management aims to discuss future concerns and the challenges of e‐business.Design/methodology/approachA general review and survey of selected research and development topics.FindingsIllustrates the multi‐ and trans‐disciplinary nature of cybernetics and systems with a view to further research and development activity.Practical implicationsThe choice of reviews provides an awareness of the current trends in these areas of endeavour.Originality/valueThe reviews are selected from a global database and give a studied assessment of current research and development initiatives.
Expressing emotion in electronic mail
Authors: Curran Kevin , Casey Michelle 
Published: July 2006

PurposeElectronic mail (e‐mail) and messaging systems are a powerful means of communication which are fast become a primary means of communication. This paper aims to describe the need for expression in e‐mail.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes the need for expression in e‐mail and the development of a personalised e‐mail system. A survey is carried out to comprehend the derived meanings from visuals; as a result the prototype is formed.FindingsThis paper presents a prototype which utilises the idea of reading pictures as sentences and the semiotic and linguistic meaning derived from those sentences. The system aims to interpret the sender's thoughts and convey their emotion and personality through a combination of graphical components, image, and expressive typography. In contrast with the new developing successful language that is rapidly spreading in the use of mobile devices, this personalized e‐mail introduces a visual language that people will acquire in using their e‐mails. Initial findings are presented from exercises of visual literacy, where the viewer has to play a series of matching games with words and images in order to derive each user's meanings and interpretations.Research limitations/implicationsThis interactive piece is attempting to transform the static nature of e‐mail into a more dynamic form that can offer new ways to interpret verbal information visually. The device will instill the user's message with more authentic personalities and expressions.Practical implicationsCognitive semiotics is something designers explore over time with intuition and experience. Introducing and equipping young designers in college, with regard to semiotics would speed up this essential and unavoidable mental process.Originality/valueThis research will accelerate the coming of emotion to computer systems. Graphic design should be viewed from a structuralism perspective as a language system, to extend the understanding of language from a spoken and written system of signs to a manner of visual signals. Designers play a part in reinventing and redefining signs and symbols.
Effects of unsolicited e‐mail on the virtual business world
Authors: Durgin Janet , Sherif Joseph S. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper aims to advance research that accurately portrays the alarming rate at which spam is infiltrating and eroding the security of the internet.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses the political, legal and ethical controversy surrounding the spam dilemma as well as the high costs of spam to telecommunications bandwidth, QoS and e‐commerce effectiveness.FindingsSpam problem is a technological epidemic that multiplies exponentially each day. A dynamic digital jam is in prospect.Practical implicationsPresents viable options for a quick resolve, and unveils the changing strategies that integrity‐driven marketers are facing in lieu of the raging battle.Originality/valueTackles one of the most pressing issues in the business world today.