bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Dokimeian Sculptors in Iconium
Authors: Hall Alan , Waelkens Marc 
Published: January 2007

A small, thin, rectangular limestone plaque, bearing a five-line inscription, was copied by A.H. in the Konya Archaeological Museum in September 1980. The stone lacked an inventory number, and the Museum's staff could supply no information about its provenance. One may presume, however, that it has reached the Museum in recent years, probably after discovery in Konya itself. As will be demonstrated below, other grounds exist for supposing that it comes from Konya, but a provenance elsewhere in the Konya İli cannot be ruled out.The block is complete to left and right, probably complete above and below, broken behind: H. 0·16, W. 0·32, Th. 0·06, with letters varying between 1·5 and 3 cm. (the smallest on the bottom line) which are irregular in shape and unevenly set out on the stone (see photograph of squeeze, Plate XXVIIa). The face is slightly damaged at its top right-hand corner and at the bottom left.
Some Gold Bird Ornaments Falcon or Wryneck?
Authors: Tufnell Olga 
Published: January 2007

An enquiry which seemed simple enough at the outset, has developed alarmingly in the course of investigation and now covers a wide field which can only be briefly indicated in this note. It concerns seven ornaments in all, two of which have long been in the possession of the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden in Leiden; the other five were excavated by Sir Flinders Petrie and his staff for the British School of Egyptian Archaeology at Tell el-Ajjul, south of Gaza, between 1930–52, and are now dispersed in various museums (see Fig. 1 and Plates XXI–XXII).From the time of discovery onwards, the bird represented on the Ajjul ornaments was described as a falcon, and there seemed no reason to question it. But many years later, Miss Sylvia Benton suggested to me – on seeing the Ajjul gold ornaments – that the craftsman intended to represent a wryneck jynx torquilla. It is only recently that I have had the opportunity to explore the possibility further. This paper is the result of that enquiry. Furthermore, I would like to suggest that the bird portrayed on Tutankhamen's earrings is the same bird as on the examples found at Tell el-Ajjul, whatever that may prove to be. The authors of the catalogues accompanying the exhibition of these treasures on view in Paris (1967) and in London (1972) did not commit themselves as to the identity of the bird.
Fifty-five New Fragments of Diogenes of Oenoanda
Authors: Smith Martin Ferguson 
Published: January 2007

This is the second publication of new fragments of Diogenes discovered by participants in the Oenoanda project of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara. Thirteen of the twenty-three fragments which came to light in 1974 have already been published (Smith H). The present work presents the remaining ten fragments (NF 55, 57, 66, 68, 70, 73, 81, 83, 92, 101) found in 1974, forty-four fragments discovered in 1975, and one fragment (NF 94) recorded in 1976. In 1975 we discovered three more fragments recorded in the nineteenth century (HK fr. 4, 23, 25) and a piece broken off the bottom of HK fr. 42.It is a pleasure to acknowledge, with sincere gratitude, the debt which we owe to the Republic of Turkey for generously permitting us to continue our work at Oenoanda. We are extremely grateful to Bay Hikmet Gürçay and his colleagues in the Eski Eserler ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüǧü for their help in securing the renewal of our permit and for their kind interest in our work. We also thank Bay Salih Kütük, Director of the Fethiye Museum, and the local officials in Muǧla, Fethiye, and Seki for their courteous attention and assistance.
The Lower Theatre at Balboura
Authors: Bier Lionel 
Published: January 2007

Amongst the standing remains of Greco-roman Balboura in northern Lycia are those of two theatres (Fig. 1). The smaller and better preserved clings to the steep south slope of the acropolis hill close to the line of the Hellenistic city's defence wall. The reports of early travellers provide little useful information about the monument, concerned as they are more with Balboura's rich epigraphic material than with her architecture. Spratt and Forbes, who visited the site in 1842 during their archaeological survey of the area, wrote a brief account, and nearly half a century later Petersen and Von Luschan published without comment a single photograph of the stage building's fine retaining wall showing its heavily bossed polygonal stones and its buttresses of squared blocks. No detailed picture was available, however, until the appearance in 1969 of the second volume of de Bernardi Ferrero's monumental survey of the ancient theatres in Asia Minor.The second theatre, located in a rocky bay in the hillside at the edge of the valley three hundred metres to the south, has attracted even less attention, and understandably so, for its remains consist of little more than the foundations for the stage building which lie half buried beneath earth and debris. De Bernardi Ferrero has published several photographs but no drawings. Her brief description concentrates on the system of arches supporting the pavement of the proscenium, an unusual feature for which she cites several parallels in the area.
“Thorn” and “Minus” in Hieroglyphic Luvian Orthography
Authors: Melchert H. Craig 
Published: January 2007

It has long been known that HLuvian sign 383, an oblique stroke (\), when added to another sign, indicates the presence of a postvocalic r: see the references cited by Laroche, HH 205. The “thorn”, as it is often called, may indicate /r/ alone, or a sequence /ra/ or /ri/. The now standard transliteration ra/i is thus a cover symbol for all three possibilities. The actual reading in any particular case may be determined only on comparative grounds, internal or external. As examples of /r/, /ra/, and /ri/1 may cite respectively dat.-loc. pl. (“FINES”)I + ra/i-ha-za = /irhanza/ “boundaries” (cf. Hitt. irḫa- “idem”), pret. 3rd sg. i + ra/i = /ira/ “went”, and pres. 3rd sg. i + ra/i = /iri/ “goes”.Hawkins, Morpurgo-Davies and Neumann, HHL 171 f, have argued that in internal and final position the combination 209 + 383 (), in addition to i + ra/i, may also indicate ri+i = /ri/. That is, in combination with a vowel sign V, the “thorn” may indicate the sequence /rV/ instead of/Vra/i/. Note that the HLuvian syllabary has no CV sign for /ri/, while sign 412 (and less often sign 103) spells /ru/. Evidence for the reading ri+i comes from alternations such as abl./inst. DEUS-na-ri+i beside deus-na-ti-(i) “by/from the god(s)” or tu-pi-ri+i beside tu-pi-ti-i “strikes”.
Kuzi-Tešub and the “Great Kings” of Karkamiš
Authors: Hawkins J. D. 
Published: January 2007

The recent discovery of a hitherto unknown king of Karkamiš of the Hittite Empire period is an event of some significance. This is the son of Talmi-Tešub (hitherto the last known king of the dynasty installed by Suppiluliumas I), Kuzi-Tešub by name, who is now attested on two impressions of his seal on bullae excavated at Lidar Höyük on the east bank of the Euphrates above Samsat.The seal has a fine Storm-God figure standing on two mountain-men in the centre, and the rest of this area, apart from filling motifs of a rosette and an animal, is occupied by an inscription in Hieroglyphic. Around the outer circle, only partially preserved in both exemplars, is a Cuneiform legend. The Hieroglyphs divide into four groups: (1) the name of the Storm-God written above his outstretched left hand; (2) in front of the Storm-God a group reading “Kuzi-Tešub, King of the land of Karkamiš”; (3) behind him a group “Talmi-Tešub, King of the land of Karkamiš”. This was all clearly read by Sürenhagen, who for the fourth group, below the Talmi-Tešub group, proposed a reading “Kunitimuwas the King's Son”.
Zur Entstehung der tönernen Verkleidungsplatten in Anatolien
Authors: Işik von Fahri 
Published: January 2007

“Das Hauptmerkmal der phrygischen Felsfassaden, das sie von allen anderen zeitgenössischen kleinasiatischen Felsdenkmaelern unterscheidet, ist der geometrische Dekor. Dieselbe Ornamentsprache haben die Schmuckelemente der gleichzeitigen phrygischen Terrakottafriese und auch die viel aelteren Vasen des schönen Stils”; so lautet die Ansicht von E. Akurgal über die motivische und zeitliche Identitaet der beiden bekannten architektonischen Schöpfungen von Phrygern, der Felsfassaden und der tönernen Verkleidungsplatten. Diese Beziehungen sind schon früher bemerkt und in der Forschung immer wieder zitiert.Eine Gegenüberstellung des Kultdenkmals der Arezastis mit der—wenn auch phantasiereichen—Rekonstruktionszeichnung einer Gebaeudefassade von Pazarlı oder des “Tempels” von Gordion macht in der Gesamterscheinung tatsaechlich den gleichen dekorativen Eindruck.
Kurunta of Tarḫuntašša and the Imperial Hittite Mausoleum: A New Interpretation of §10 of the Bronze Tablet
Authors: Beal Richard H. 
Published: January 2007

In 1986 the world of Hittitology was excited on hearing of the discovery of a well preserved bronze tablet. Inscribed on this tablet was a treaty between Hittite Great-King Tudḫaliya IV and his cousin Kurunta, appanage king of Tarḫuntašša, son of Tudḫaliya's father Ḫattušili III's elder brother Muwattalli II. An editio princeps of this treaty was published promptly, thoroughly, and, as always, extremely competently by H. Otten.The tenth paragraph of this treaty reads:ANA AWATNA4ḫekur SAG.UŠ=ya=kan ABUYAmMaraššantaš KA×U-za karptam.dLAMMA-aš=wa ANANA4ḫekur SAG.UŠ lē manninkuwannu ABUYA ANAmMaraššanta ṬUPPU iyatn=atmMaraššantas ḫarzieni=ma ABUYA UL šaktaAWATNA4ḫekur SAG.UŠ=kan maḫḫan ŠAd10 kuntarra andan gulšanzaNA4ḫekur SAG.UŠ=kan maḫḫan zilatiya ANAm.dLAMMA parkiyauwanzi UL kišariuit=ma maḫḫan ABUYA memian IŠME nu memiyan ABUYA=pat ḫullašmaḫḫann=a ūkmTutḫaliyaš LUGAL.GAL LUGAL-izziaḫḫatnu antuḫšan uiyanunnu=kan AWATNA4ḫekur SAG.UŠ maḫḫan ŠAd10 kuntarra andan gulšanzan=an auštanu=kanNA4ḫekur SAG.UŠ zilatiya ANAm.dLAMMA parkiyauwanzi UL kišarimMaraššantaš=ma kuit ṬUPPU ḫarzi n=at uizzi mān udai n=at lē dattari
The Upper Theatre at Balboura
Authors: Bier Lionel 
Published: January 2007

The archaeological survey of Balboura in northern Lycia conducted between 1985 and 1990 under the direction of J. J. Coulton permitted the recording of a number of architectural monuments including two theatres. The first, located at the edge of the valley 200 metres south of the Roman town, was studied during the 1987 season and has been presented in a previous issue ofAnatolian Studiesas an unfinished monument of the late Roman period. The second theatre, situated on the steep southern slope of the acropolis hill some 70 metres above the floor of the gorge, was surveyed in the summer of 1990 and is the subject of this paper (Figs. 1, 2, 3).The monument was first described—briefly and without drawings—by Spratt and Forbes who made a hurried survey of the city site in 1842. Peterson and Von Luschan came through in 1882 and later published without comment the first photograph showing the impressive levelling platform that supported the scene building. The only study in modern times has been that of de Bernardi Ferrero which appeared in the second volume of her monumental corpus of classical theatres in Asia Minor. Time apparently did not permit a thorough survey which is hardly surprising considering the enormous scope of her undertaking but her observations, as far as they go, are sound, and her photographs numerous and well chosen. De Bernardi Ferrero's graphic documentation is inadequate, however, especially as regards the original appearance of the stage building which, although almost thoroughly denuded, provides more surface clues than her drawings indicate. Her late Hellenistic designation for the building, which remains unexcavated and has produced no inscriptions, is, in any case, accepted here.
Following the Euphrates in antiquity: north-south routes around Zeugma
Authors: Comfort Anthony , Ergeç Rifat 
Published: January 2007

This second article on ancient roads around Zeugma deals mainly with navigation along the river itself and north-south routes on both banks of the Euphrates. Like its predecessor (Comfort et al 2000), this one is based on extensive survey work in the years 1996 to 1999 during the excavations carried out at Zeugma by a Franco-Turkish mission. It discusses sites located in the region surrounding the ancient city on both east and west banks of the river Euphrates and seeks to identify the principal roads of the region used in antiquity. Maps to complement those prepared for the preceding article are included.In Comfort et al 2000, ancient crossing points of the river Euphrates in southern Turkey were discussed in the light of survey work conducted with the help of satellite photos in and around the reservoir created by the Birecik dam. This dam was completed in summer 2000. The lake created behind the Birecik dam stretches north about 100km as far as the Atatürk dam, for the most part constrained in a narrow gorge; a second lake now also reaches for about 20km south from Birecik to the Carchemish dam, itself approximately 6km north of the Syrian border. The survey was conducted over six visits between 1996 and 1999. Given the shortage of resources and the vast area covered (about 2,500km) it can only be considered a preliminary investigation and was indeed originally undertaken with a view only to proving the usefulness of satellite photographs as an aid to archaeological survey work.
A middle Byzantine olive press room at Aphrodisias
Authors: Ahmet K. 
Published: January 2007

During the 1962 excavations at Aphrodisias, a number of marble storage jars and a marble basin were discovered which were tentatively associated with wine production. The area was further excavated in 1970 when more pieces were uncovered in situ and then placed west of their original positions where they now remain (fig 1) (Erim 1970: 60, figs 44, 45).These remains have since been identified as equipment used in the production of olive oil. This article provides a record of the individual items excavated, a discussion of their original findspots, and a hypothetical reconstruction of the operation of the press, followed by a discussion of the production capacity and date of such a processing plant.
The Bronze Age-Iron Age transition in northeast Anatolia: a view from Sos Höyük
Authors: Sagona Antonio 
Published: January 2007

The ancient settlement of Sos Höyük, situated east of Erzurum, is providing a significant stratigraphic sequence of human occupation from the Late Chalcolithic to the Medieval period. This sequence includes the transition from the end of the Bronze Age into the first centuries of the Iron Age, a period which is surrounded by difficult but intriguing historical questions. At the mound of Sos Höyük evidence for this transition is starting to emerge from a relatively small operation on the northern slope, midway down the mound, in trenches M15 and L16.The stratigraphic record at Sos Höyük together with a large range of radiocarbon readings taken from samples collected over four seasons of excavation indicate that the site was occupied throughout the late fourth/third millennium BC and intermittently in the second millennium. The earliest centuries of the second millennium BC are best defined by storage pits, wattle and daub dwellings and burials that conform generally to a tradition initially documented by Kuftin in his excavations of the Trialeti kurgan burials near Tbilisi, Georgia (Kuftin 1941; Miron, Orthmann 1995: 79–94).
The Upper Tigris Archaeological Research Project: a final report from the 1999 field season
Authors: Parker Bradley J. , Creekmore Andrew , Cavallo Chiara , Maliepaard Rik , Paine Richard 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDuring the summer of 1999 members of the Upper Tigris Archaeological Research Project (UTARP) conducted archaeological excavations and surveys at two sites in the upper Tigris river region of southeastern Turkey. This article presents the results of that research. At the site of Boztepe excavations yielded four Halaf period burials, all of which contained grave goods, and an Iron Age house dated by C14 to the Assyrian Imperial period. Intensive surveys at Talavaş Tepe and Boztepe have refined the chronology and size of both sites. Although the exposures of the Halaf period are very small, these data add important insights into Halaf mortuary practices, while evidence from both Boztepe and Talavaş Tepe supplements our understanding of the upper Tigris river region during the Iron Age.
Plant stores at pottery Neolithic Höyücek, southwest Turkey
Authors: Martinoli Danièle , Nesbitt Mark 
Published: January 2007

AbstractEleven samples comprising an estimated 39,000 plant remains were analysed from a burnt destruction level at the pottery Neolithic site of Höyücek, southwest Turkey (radiocarbon dated 7550–7350 uncalibrated bp, 6400–6100 calibrated BC). Large stores of emmer (Triticum dicoccum), free threshing wheat (Triticum aestivum/durum), lentils (Lens culinaris), bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) were identified and these plants were interpreted as crops. The low levels of weeds and crop processing by-products suggest most of the samples were remains of stores of human food. Two samples in which wild components (for example,Triticum boeticum, Medicago, Aegilops) dominated were interpreted as crop processing by-products, presumably stored for fodder. The presence of these stores in a structure interpreted as having a religious function shows that domestic activities also took place there. Comparison with other Neolithic and Chalcolithic sites of west central Turkey demonstrates a good correspondence in the range of crops. The poor representation of barley at Höyücek doubtless reflects the small number of samples from the site.
Osteoclast distribution within the rat interdental septum coincident to experimental tooth movement using light forces
Authors: Johnson Roger B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThere is little quantitative information concerning the number and distribution of bone‐matrix resorbing osteoclasts (BMRO) within the adjacent alveolar bone coincident to tooth movement. We moved the right first maxillary molar tooth anteriorly in 40 female rats (E), the left side was untreated, serving as an internal control (IC). Forty female age and weight matched rats were untreated, serving as external controls (EC). BMRO were identified on periosteal and endosteal surfaces of the interdental septum from 1–5 days after initial force application using the MTB‐322 antibody. The number of BMRO at periosteal surfaces of E was greater in IC and EC from 2–5 days (P < 0.001). Similarly, the number of BMRO at endosteal surfaces was greater from 1–5 days (P < 0.001). The number of BMRO at periosteal and endosteal surfaces was greater within E than within EC from 1–5 days (P < 0.001). Outcome data from IC were often significantly different from EC. Our data suggest that relatively low forces increase the number of BMRO, which are not uniformly distributed onto both periosteal and endosteal surfaces. Thus, the interdental septum resorbs at the alveolar wall and within spaces between the trabeculae, which, taken together, results in net removal of bone from areas of compression. These data also suggest that experimental tooth movement produces significant differences in the number and distribution of BMRO within IC and EC. Thus, EC groups should be included in studies of tooth movement. Anat Rec, 290:74–82, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative morphometrics of embryonic facial morphogenesis: Implications for cleft‐lip etiology
Authors: Young Nathan M. , Wat Stephen , Diewert Virginia M. , Browder Leon W. , Hallgrímsson Benedikt 
Published: January 2007

AbstractCleft lip (CL) with or without cleft palate (CL[P]) has a complex etiology but is thought to be due to either genetic or environmentally induced disruptions of developmental processes affecting the shape and size of the facial prominences (medial nasal, lateral nasal, and maxilla). Recent advances in landmark‐based morphometrics enable a rigorous reanalysis of phenotypic shape variation associated with facial clefting. Here we use geometric morphometric (GM) tools to characterize embryonic shape variation in the midface and head of six strains of mice that are both cleft‐liable (A, A/WySn, CL/Fr) and normal (BALB/cBy, C57BL, CD1). Data were comprised of two‐dimensional landmarks taken from frontal and lateral photographs of embryos spanning the time period in which the facial prominences fuse (GD10‐12). Results indicate that A/‐ strain mice, and particularly A/WySn, have overall smaller midfaces compared to other strains. The A/WySn strain also has significant differences in facial shape related to retarded development. Overall, CL/Fr strain mice are normal‐sized, but tend to have undersized maxillary prominences that do not project anteriorly and have a small nasal contact area. These results suggest that the etiology of clefting differs in A/WySn and CL/Fr strains, with the former strain suffering disruptions to developmental processes affecting overall size (e.g., neural crest migration deficiencies and lower mitotic activity), while the latter strain has defects restricted to the shape and size of the maxilla. A combination of molecular experimentation and phenotypic analysis of shape is required to test these hypotheses further. Anat Rec, 290:123–139, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary care organizations in New Zealand and England: tipping the balance of the health system in favour of primary care?
Authors: Smith Judith , Mays Nicholas 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the experience of developing primary care organizations (PCOs) in New Zealand and England, exploring how far these new institutional forms have been able to ‘tip the balance’ of their host health system in favour of primary care. The original objectives for establishing PCOs in the two countries are assessed using published research evidence on the impact of PCOs covering: efficiency and cost containment; the development of clinical engagement and leadership; the development of primary care; and the purchasing of secondary and referred services. It is concluded that in both countries, progress has been made in aligning more closely the individual focus of general practice with the population perspective of the wider public health system. The New Zealand approach of using non‐governmental PCOs is judged consistent with harnessing the professional culture of general practice towards community‐based public health. By contrast, English primary care trusts (PCTs) are at risk of becoming remote from their origins as purchasers in primary care and general practice, unless the re‐introduction of practice‐level purchasing can provide GPs with new enthusiasm for local planning and service development. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.