bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft Tissue Thickness for Placement of an Orthodontic Miniscrew Using an Ultrasonic Device
Authors: Cha Bong-Kuen , Lee Yeon-Hee , Lee Nam-Ki , Choi Dong-Soon , Baek Seung-Hak 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate area- and gender-related differences in the soft tissue thickness of potential areas for installing miniscrews in the buccal-attached gingiva and the palatal masticatory mucosa.Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 61 Korean young adults. An ultrasonic gingival-thickness meter was used to measure the soft-tissue thickness in the buccal-attached gingiva just adjacent to the mucogingival junction of the upper and lower arches and 4 mm and 8 mm below the gingival crest in the palatal masticatory mucosa. Independent t-test, paired t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis.Results: Buccal-attached gingiva thickness in the upper arch was significantly greater in men than in women, but buccal-attached gingiva thickness in the lower arch and palatal masticatory mucosa thickness 4 and 8 mm below the gingival crest did not show gender differences. Significantly thicker soft tissue occurred in the anterior areas in the upper arch and in the posterior areas in the lower arch. In the palatal masticatory mucosa, significantly thicker soft tissue was found 4 mm below the gingival crest in the anterior areas and 8 mm below the gingival crest in the posterior areas. The areas between the canines and the premolars showed higher values than other areas 4 mm below the gingival crest. However, the soft-tissue thickness 8 mm below the gingival crest showed a progressive increase from the anterior to the posterior areas.Conclusion: Measurements of the soft-tissue thickness using an ultrasonic device could help practitioners select the proper orthodontic miniscrew in daily clinical practice.
Effects of Restricted Calcium Intake on Bone and Maxillofacial Growth
Authors: Watanabe Koji , Imamura Hitoshi , Uchikanbori Shinsaku , Fujita Yuko , Maki Kenshi 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of a low calcium diet on maxillofacial development by evaluating Bone Mineral Content (BMC) in the lower alveolar bones, femurs, and tibias and by performing cephalometry on growing rats.
Materials and Methods: Thirty 5-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups; the control group (n = 10) was given standard diet for 6 weeks, the low calcium/standard diet group (n = 10) was given a calcium-restricted diet for the first 4 weeks, and then a standard diet for the following 2 weeks, and the low calcium diet group (n = 10) was given the calcium-restricted diet for 6 weeks. After the rats were euthanized, heads and legs were fixed and cephalometry was performed. Next, mandibles, femurs and tibias were digitally photographed and the BMC was evaluated using our newly developed software.
Results: The BMC was decreased in all of the bone samples from the two groups that received restricted calcium. In the low calcium/standard diet group, the BMC recovered the most in the tibias and least in the lower alveolar bones. Development of the mandibles in the anterior-posterior direction was accelerated, while that in the superior-inferior direction was inhibited in those rats.
Conclusion: The BMC reduction following calcium deficiency in the lower alveolar bone hardly recovers, so prevention is important. Development of the mandible in a superior-inferior direction is inhibited while that in an anterior-posterior direction is accelerated due to a calcium-restricted diet.
Synthesis and Performance of BaAl2O4 with a Wide Spectral Range of Optical Absorption
Authors: Zhang L.‐W. , Wang L. , Zhu Y.‐F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOxygen‐deficient BaAl2O4, with strong optical absorption in the spectra range from 200 to 2500 nm, was prepared by a simple and economic thermal treatment of BaAl2O4 in a H2 gas flow. Further studies found that a molar ratio of oxygen vacancies of about 0.4 % existed in the prepared oxygen‐deficient BaAl2O4 sample. The influence of oxygen vacancies on the electronic band structures and optical absorption of BaAl2O4 are elucidated via first principle calculations. Oxygen vacancies introduce impurity states above the valence band; these impurities expand and enhance the optical absorption of BaAl2O4. This approach is proposed to develop a new type of optical materials and to be applicable to many wide bandgap materials.
Gasreinigung
Authors: Schmidt E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractZiel der Gasreinigung ist die Reduzierung von – in der Regel – Mehrphasenströmungen von unerwünschten Komponenten, die fest, flüssig oder gasförmig vorliegen. Je nach Aufgabenstellung werden hierfür die verschiedensten Verfahrenstechniken eingesetzt. Im Folgenden wird die Partikelabscheidung einer näheren Betrachtung unterzogen, indem physikalische und technische Grundlagen der unterschiedlichen Abscheideverfahren, wie Massenkraftabscheider, Filternde Abscheider, Elektrische Abscheider und Nassarbeitende Abscheider, ausführlich beschrieben werden. Des Weiteren wird auf publizierte Entwicklungstendenzen in diesem interdisziplinären Fachgebiet eingegangen.
Membranfiltration zur Trennung grobdisperser und kolloiddisperser Stoffsysteme
Authors: Berndt R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMembrantrennprozesse unter Verwendung von Mikro‐ und Ultrafiltrationsmembranen haben erhebliche Bedeutung für die Trennung grobdisperser Stoffsysteme (Suspensionen, Emulsionen) und kolloidaler Dispersionen erlangt. Mit ihrer Hilfe werden überwiegend Partikel im Größenbereich von 10 nm bis 10 μm abgetrennt. Damit stehen sie teilweise im Wettbewerb mit traditionellen Fest‐Flüssig‐Trennprozessen. Zu den Vorteilen der Membranfiltration gehören die zuverlässige Klärwirkung aufgrund der physischen Barrierefunktion der Membran und die Validierbarkeit der Membran‐Integrität. Besondere Bedeutung erlangen Membrantrennprozesse mit der zunehmenden Produktion und Verwendung von Nanopartikeln. Ausgereifte Anlagenkonzepte und gesunkene Membran‐ und Modulkosten erlauben die wirtschaftlich attraktive Anwendung der Membranfiltration beginnend im Labormaßstab und bis hin zu großen Prozessströmen im Bereich von mehr als 1000 m3/h Filtratdurchsatz. An ihre Grenzen stößt die Membranfiltration, wenn hohe Endkonzentrationen der dispersen Phase gefordert sind. Häufig führt dann die Kombination der Membranfiltration mit konventionellen mechanischen Trennprozessen zur wirtschaftlich optimalen Lösung.
Modell‐basierte Regelung von Membranfiltrationsprozessen
Authors: Busch J. , Marquardt W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMembranfiltrationsprozesse sind in vielen Prozessindustrien wie etwa der Wasser‐ und Abwasser‐, der Lebensmittel‐ und der Chemieindustrie weit verbreit. Aufgrund der hohen Komplexität werden sie in der Regel mit einfachen Steuerungskonzepten betrieben. Damit können die vorhandenen Potenziale im Hinblick auf Effizienz und Stabilität jedoch nicht voll ausgeschöpft werden. In diesem Beitrag wird daher ein allgemeiner modell‐basierter Regler für Membranfiltrationsprozesse vorgestellt. Der Regler wird für den Einsatz in Membranbioreaktoren spezialisiert und erzielt im Pilotbetrieb deutliche Kosteneinsparungen.
Modellierung und Simulation der Emulsionstrennung in Hydrozyklonen durch die Kopplung von Strömungs‐ und Populationsgleichungen
Authors: Gorbach G. , Schütz S. , Piesche M. , Veit M. , Klein G.‐M. , Durst M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractZur Trennung von Emulsionen im Zentrifugalfeld kommen neben Zentrifugen und Separatoren vermehrt Hydrozyklone zum Einsatz. Bei der Modellierung der Auftrennung von Emulsionen in Zentrifugalabscheidern muss der Einfluss der Tropfenwechselwirkungen auf die Trennung berücksichtigt werden. Dies geschieht in der vorliegenden Arbeit durch die gekoppelte Lösung von Populationsbilanzen und den strömungsmechanischen Grundgleichungen mit dem Simulationsprogramm Fluent™.
Flüssigkeitsmischungen als Suspensionsflüssigkeit – Wirkung auf die Filtrationsparameter
Authors: Neubauer S. , Peuker U. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDie Filtration von nicht‐ oder wenig kompressiblen Stoffsystemen ist in der Literatur hinreichend gut für die Auslegung technischer Prozesse in wässriger Suspensionsflüssigkeit beschrieben. Experimentelle Untersuchungen mit nicht‐wässrigen Suspensionsflüssigkeiten zeigen jedoch deutliche Abweichungen vom bekannten Filtrationsverhalten. In Abhängigkeit der Wahl der Suspensionsflüssigkeit für ein Partikelsystem variieren spezifischer Filtrationswiderstand und Porosität des Filterkuchens um bis zu einer Größenordung. Mischungen aus zwei Suspensionsflüssigkeiten zeigen über die Zusammensetzung keinen linearen Verlauf der beiden Prozessparameter spezifischer Filtrationswiderstand und Porosität.
Computersimulation von Filterkuchenstrukturen
Authors: Dueck J. , Djatschenko E. , Neesse T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDie Discrete Element Methode (DEM) ist eine neue Möglichkeit, die Bildung von Filterkuchen auf der Grundlage von Computerexperimenten zu untersuchen, bei denen die Prozessbedingungen sehr gut nachgebildet werden können. In diesem Beitrag wird der Stand der numerischen Simulation der Filterkuchenstruktur für nicht haftende und haftende Teilchen zusammenfassend dargestellt.
Verringerung des Foulings in Membranbelebungsanlagen durch Zugabe von Filtrationshilfsmitteln
Authors: Iversen V. , Drews A. , Schaller J. , Lesjean B. , Kraume M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDurch Zugabe von Filtrationshilfsmitteln kann die Filtrationsleistung von Membranbelebungsanlagen (MBRs) deutlich verbessert werden. Die Vielzahl der in der Literatur untersuchten Additive macht aber den Vergleich und die Auswahl eines passenden Zusatzstoffes schwierig. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden mehrere Substanzen verglichen und Hinweise auf Wirkmechanismen und Dosierung gegeben.
DGMT – Die Erfolgsgeschichte eines Verbandes
Authors: Zimmermann M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDie Deutsche Gesellschaft für Membrantechnik e.V. (DGMT) wurde 2001 gegründet. Sie fördert die Membrantechnik in Deutschland und Europa, indem sie sich als Forum zur Kommunikation und zum Informationsaustausch versteht und für die Erweiterung und Erschließung des Marktes für Membrantechnik in bestehenden und neuen Anwendungen einsetzt.
Filtrationsverfahren mit Membranen und ihre Modellierung
Authors: Ripperger S. , Grein T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMembrantrennverfahren haben sich zu großtechnisch nutzbaren Grundverfahren entwickelt. Als Filtrationsverfahren werden sie in Form der Mikro‐ und Ultrafiltration in vielen Bereichen zur Aufarbeitung von flüssigen Gemischen mit kolloidalen Inhaltsstoffen und/oder Makromolekülen angewandt. Ziel dabei ist die Konzentrierung einer oder mehrerer Komponenten des flüssigen Gemisches und/oder die Gewinnung einer reinen Flüssigkeit. Im Bereich der Lebensmittelindustrie und Pharmazie wird oft eine Entkeimungs‐ oder sogar eine Sterilfiltration gefordert. Die Anwendungsbereiche der Mikro‐ und Ultrafiltration mit Membranen haben sich aufgrund gesunkener Membranpreise wesentlich ausgeweitet. Außerdem wurden neue Verfahrensweisen erprobt und großtechnisch eingeführt. In diesem Beitrag werden die heute bekannten Verfahrensweisen und Ansätze zu ihrer Modellierung behandelt.
Organization of anterior cingulate and frontal cortical projections to the retrosplenial cortex in the rat
Authors: Shibata Hideshi , Naito Jumpei 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe retrosplenial cortex (areas 29a–d), which plays an important role in spatial memory and navigation, is known to provide massive projections to frontal association and motor cortices, which are also essential for spatial behavior. The reciprocal projections originating from these frontal cortices to areas 29a–d, however, have been analyzed to only a limited extent. Here, we report an analysis of the anatomical organization of projections from anterior cingulate area 24 and motor and prefrontal cortices to areas 29a–d in the rat, using the axonal transport of cholera toxin B subunit and biotinylated dextran amine. Area 29a receives projections from rostral area 24a, area 24b, the ventral orbital area, and the caudal secondary motor area. Rostral area 29b receives projections from caudal area 24a, whereas caudal area 29b receives projections from rostral area 24a. Area 29b also receives projections from area 24b and the ventral orbital area. Areas 29c and 29d receive projections from areas 24a and 24b and the secondary motor area in a topographic manner such that the rostrocaudal axis of areas 29c and 29d corresponds to the caudorostral axis of areas 24a and 24b and the secondary motor area. Rostral areas 29c and 29d also receive projections from the caudal primary motor area, and area 29d receives projections from the ventral, lateral, and medial orbital areas. These differential frontal cortical projections to each area of the retrosplenial cortex suggest that each area may contribute to different aspects of retrosplenial cortical function such as spatial memory and behavior. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:30–45, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histogenetic compartments of the mouse centromedial and extended amygdala based on gene expression patterns during development
Authors: García‐López Margarita , Abellán Antonio , Legaz Isabel , Rubenstein John L.R. , Puelles Luis , Medina Loreta 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe amygdala controls emotional and social behavior and regulates instinctive reflexes such as defense and reproduction by way of descending projections to the hypothalamus and brainstem. The descending amygdalar projections are suggested to show a cortico‐striato‐pallidal organization similar to that of the basal ganglia (Swanson [2000] Brain Res 886:113–164). To test this model we investigated the embryological origin and molecular properties of the mouse centromedial and extended amygdalar subdivisions, which constitute major sources of descending projections. We analyzed the distribution of key regulatory genes that show restricted expression patterns within the subpallium (Dlx5, Nkx2.1, Lhx6, Lhx7/8, Lhx9, Shh, and Gbx1), as well as genes considered markers for specific subpallial neuronal subpopulations. Our results indicate that most of the centromedial and extended amygdala is formed by cells derived from multiple subpallial subdivisions. Contrary to a previous suggestion, only the central—but not the medial—amygdala derives from the lateral ganglionic eminence and has striatal‐like features. The medial amygdala and a large part of the extended amygdala (including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis) consist of subdivisions or cell groups that derive from subpallial, pallial (ventral pallium), or extratelencephalic progenitor domains. The subpallial part includes derivatives from the medial ganglionic eminence, the anterior peduncular area, and possibly a novel subdivision, called here commissural preoptic area, located at the base of the septum and related to the anterior commissure. Our study provides a molecular and morphological foundation for understanding the complex embryonic origins and adult organization of the centromedial and extended amygdala. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:46–74, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Air Pollution Control by Non‐Thermal Plasma
Authors: Müller S. , Zahn R.‐J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe following paper presents some applications of air pollution control. After a brief introduction into recently developed methods different reactor configurations on the basis of dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) are displayed. A preferred system for the treatment of soot comprises a reactor based on dielectric barrier discharge, which combines both plasma and filter techniques. The special DBD‐configuration consists of two electrodes. One is porous and gas‐permeable. The other reactor systems are a surface discharge DBD‐system, deflector arrangement and an ion extraction system. In a first application of these systems the elimination or reduction of odours in the process of fabricating French fries was tested. Examples for the decomposition of vegetable oil and the antimicrobial treatment of air. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deposition of Nanocomposites by Plasmas
Authors: Faupel F. , Zaporojtchenko V. , Greve H. , Schürmann U. , Chakravadhanula V. S. K. , Hanisch Ch. , Kulkarni A. , Gerber A. , Quandt E. , Podschun R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRecently, there is much interest in nanocomposites consisting of metal nanoparticles dispersed in a dielectric matrix due to their novel functional properties offering hosts of new applications. Polymers are particularly attractive as matrix. Consequently, various approaches have been reported to incorporate metal nanoparticles into polymers. The present review is mainly concerned with the preparation of polymer‐based nanocomposites by co‐ and tandem sputtering of metallic and organic components and the resulting functional properties. Different from typical wet chemical approaches, this vapor phase deposition technique allows the preparation of composites which contain alloy clusters of well defined composition. Emphasis is placed on soft‐magnetic high frequency materials with cut‐off frequencies well above 1 GHz and optical composites with tuned plasmon resonances suitable for ultrathin color filters, Bragg reflectors, and other devices. In addition, antibacterial coatings are addressed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
PlasmaLabel – a New Method to Disinfect Goods Inside a Closed Package Using Dielectric Barrier Discharges
Authors: Schwabedissen A. , Łaciński P. , Chen X. , Engemann J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe PlasmaLabelTM technology marks a significant change in the traditional way to generate atmospheric pressure plasmas. The approach proposed relies on the local application of plasma generating labels supporting a surface dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). These labels are of a limited lifetime in the order of several 10 minutes and can be placed in airtight flexible as well as rigid packages containing goods to be disinfected or sterilized. Preferentially from dry or humid air entrapped in the airtight package, ozone is formed and acts on the packed goods as long as the DBD is operating. The ozone formation depends on the DBD‐electrode geometry, the gas atmosphere inside the package, and the power (amplitude, frequency, cw or pulsed) fed to the system and also to loss mechanisms like production of NOx . After switching‐off the power ozone decomposes again to oxygen. This means that upon opening the packages after a suitable time, no harmful ozone is being released. Applications in different fields are possible, e.g. fresh food conservation, disinfection of packaged cosmetics, and sterilization of pharmaceutical and medical goods. This paper addresses basic scientific and technological issues and reports some first results obtained. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
BS7750 and the EU eco‐management and audit regulation
Authors: Gilbert Mike 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article gives a thorough review of the EU eco‐management and audit scheme (EMAS), particularly the role that environmental management systems play in the scheme. The links between EMAS and the British Standard BS7750 are explored as are the differences and similarities between the two schemes. It is argued that the implementation of BS7750 provides a stepping stone towards full participation in the EMAS scheme. Hence the two schemes are complementary. Copyright © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Environmental auditing: An integral component of environmental management
Authors: Wright Denise 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEnvironmental auditing is a technique used to evaluate an organisation's environmental performance against specified objectives. The practice is gaining wider acceptance and application, particularly following the introduction of BS7750 Specification for Environmental Management Systems and the EU eco‐management and audit scheme (EMAS). Auditing should form an integral component of environmental management systems and should not be viewed as a separate or alternative exercise. The objective of this paper is to summarise some of the gaps encountered in environmental management systems which prevent the optimisation of the audit process. Copyright © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Land contamination at industrial sites –A risk model
Authors: Warrick Linda , Sanders Brenda 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe paper focuses upon work undertaken at a number of manufacturing sites within the UK. An environmental risk assessment technique has been developed to allow quick and effective actions to be made in order to reduce liabilities and pollution incidents. Recent papers investigating the historic and current causes of contaminated land have paid little attention to proactive risk reduction and preventative measures. The model takes account of current facilities, site management and environmental awareness within industrial sites, to ensure that future risks are reduced. The risk criteria have been identified in terms of the physical aspects of the site, and the site's management and facilities in terms of hazard control. Each risk criterion is given a ranking that allows site specific and process specific information to be included. Pre‐determined risk criteria are used to prioritize sites for remedial action. The model outlined is a prioritizing tool that allows areas that may require increased management to be identified. It has been developed on a number of industrial sites, and is subject to on‐going revision and refinement. In the development of the model it has been evident that a proactive approach to environmental management increases awareness to problems and can rapidly yield benefits in terms of potential contamination, waste minimization and environmental liability. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A commentary on Robert Gale's article on the CSA environmental auditing guideline, Z751
Authors: Knight Alan , Billing Randy 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper was written in response to a previous article written by Robert Gale and published in Eco‐Management and Auditing. This paper argues that Gale misunderstood the Canadian environmental auditing guideline Z751, due to his interests in calling for a prescriptive environmental management systems (EMS) specification (i.e. a detailed model for the development of audit criteria). It also argues that the conclusion –that since Z751 is not an EMS specification it will not be used –is unsubstantiated. The analysis is based on a misunderstanding of the intent of Z751 and the role it plays. This article aims to consider Z751 within its specified framework: that of an environmental auditing tool which should be accompanied by other management tools. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.