bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Diaz‐Buxo Jose A. , Farmer Charles D. , Walker Phillip J. , Chandler Joe T. , Holt Kenneth L. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTContinuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) was designed to reduce the high incidence of peritonitis and eliminate the multiple interruptions created by dialysate exchanges during the day needed for CAPD, while maintaining the quality of dialysis. Three nocturnal cycles with 2 liters of dialysate lasting 3 hours each are provided by an automated cycler while the patient sleeps. Two liters are left in the abdomen in the morning. Only one daily connection and one disconnection are required between the peritoneal catheter and the cycler line. Our 84 patient months experience with 14 patients reveals a low incidence of peritonitis (1 per 42 patient months), satisfactory ultrafiltration rates and clearances that compare favorably with those of CAPD (Curea 67, Ccreatinine 58, and CB12 45 L/wk). Blood pressure control has been excellent while most patients enjoy liberal diets.This preliminary study suggests that CCPD may indeed reduce the rate of peritonitis, provide excellent clearance and ultrafiltration, allow more free time to the patient and maintain a steady physiological state.
Current Status of Therapeutic Apheresis in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. , Goldfinger Dennis , Klinenberg James R. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTEvidence developed over the years has suggested that lymphocyte depletion and removal of plasma factors can ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis. In our studies of 40 patients, a subset of patients that respond best to 20 therapeutic lymphaplasmapheresis over 11 weeks has emerged. These are functional Class III patients with seropositive, erosive progressive disease who have little deformity. They must be on long‐acting agents or cytotoxic drugs during pheresis to prevent antibody rebound. Other studies have since confirmed our work. The major side effects of pheresis are elucidated. Technologic developments will enable selective pheresis procedures to be in widespread use within a few years.
150‐Day Survival of a Calf with a Polymethylmethacrylate Total Artificial Heart: TNS‐BRNO‐II
Authors: Vašků Jaromír , černý Jan , Hanzelka Pavel , Vašků Jan , Urbánek Erich , Dostál Miloslav , Urbánek Petr , Guba Peter , Pavlíček Viktor , Krček Lubomír , šSládek Tomá , Hartmannová Brigita , Filkuka Jaroslav , Janečková Helena , šotolová Olga , šotáková Eva , Doležel Svatopluk , Krčma Vladimír , Cídl Karel , Bednarřík Bohumil 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTA 150‐day experiment in a calf with an implanted total artificial heart, TNS‐BRNO‐II, is described. The Czechoslovak TAH‐BRNO‐II device is a hybrid; the outer housing is made of polymethylmethacrylate, the moving parts of segmented polyurethane. The blood flow through the device after the surgery gradually increased from 7 L/min to 12 L/min by the end of the experiment. Atrial pressures were automatically maintained at the same level, about one kPa on both sides. The left systolic time was automatically derived from the pump emptying phase; the right systolic time was maintained between 40% and 50%. After the surgery, normal values of blood gases, stabilization of respiratory activity, and normalization of gastrointestinal functions were reached very soon. Anticoagulant therapy was performed during the whole experiment, with several periods of increased bleeding tendency. The clinical state of the calf was essentially physiological until the 94th day of the experiment, when acute bronchopneumonia, with a high fever, over 41°C, initiated a series of complications (pseudomembranous enterocolitis, followed by sepsis lenta). The fatal complication was sudden impairment of the coagulation mechanisms on the 149th to 150th day of the experiment. This was the basic reason for the subsequent death of the animal, caused by acute cerebral anemic anoxia, which could not be prevented by immediate therapeutic procedures. In spite of these complications, the clinical state of this calf was relatively good until the end of the experiment. Autopsy revealed minimal thromboembolization at the valves. The outer surface of the diaphragm was covered with pseudoneointimal deposits and the inlet orifices were free of pannus or other connective tissue crescents. Macroscopic signs of infection were not seen, but bacteriological cultivation from internal organs confirmed Klebsiella infection. The state of the device at the time of autopsy, with simultaneous undisturbed function of the control and driving unit, showed the possibility of still longer survival.
Effect of Incubation Temperature on Human Red Cell Survival
Authors: Lee Minako Y. , Uvelli David A. , Finch Clement A. , Babb Albert L. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTThe effect of in vitro exposure of normal human erythrocytes to temperatures between 41°C and 43°C for two hours was determined. In vivo survival was measured employing 51Cr and 14C‐cyanate as red cell tags. No significant difference was observed between cells exposed to these temperatures and erythrocytes incubated at 37°C. The results of this study are of value in various types of extracorporeal blood treatment where an elevated temperature is desired.
Acetate Suppresses Growth Hormone Secretion in Uremic Patients: Hemodialysis and Acetate Infusion Experiments
Authors: Schmitz O. , Hansen Aa. Prange , Hansen H. E. , Ørskov H. , Alberti K. G. M. M. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTGrowth hormone secretion in uremic patients is completely suppressed immediately after initiation of and during hemodialysis using acetate dialysate. The present study demonstrates that growth hormone secretion stimulated by arginine is also inhibited by hemodialysis. Acetate infusion experiments proved that the high blood acetate level obtained during dialysis is at least partly responsible for this growth hormone suppression by unknown mechanisms.
Selection of Filters and Evaluation In Vitro of the Selective Dual Filtration Artificial Kidney, SEDUFARK
Authors: Svartaas Thor M. , Smeby Leif C. , Jørstad Størker , Naess Tove B. , Widerøe Tor‐Erik , Holtz Manfred 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTTransport properties of different artificial kidney membranes have been studied employing substances with molecular weights ranging from 60 daltons (urea) to 62,000 daltons (dextran). The results from these studies were used to select filters for the SElective DUal Filtration ARtificial Kidney, SEDUFARK.Selection criteria for filters to be used in long‐term clinical trials with SEDUFARK were based on biological tests showing toxicity of large molecular weight substances in uremic blood plasma and clinical advantages of returning middle molecular weight substances to the patient. The filters selected were used for evaluation in vitro of the complete SEDUFARK system. The results confirmed a theoretical analysis of this system, demonstrating that selective removal of substances within given molecular weight ranges from uremic blood plasma is feasible with a combination of commercial filters. The efficiency of the system, however, is limited due to the “cut‐off‘ characteristics and hydraulic permeabilities of membrane types currently available.
The Effect of Repeated Hemoperfusion Over Charcoal in the Conscious Rat on Liver Pathophysiology
Authors: Ryan Calvin J. , Courtney James M. , McLay Arthur L.C. , Wood Christopher B. , Blumgart Leslie H. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTAn investigation has been made into the effects of repeated charcoal hemoperfusion in the rat on liver pathophysiology. Animals underwent hemoperfusion over Norit RBX1 charcoal using a technique which allowed perfusion in the unrestrained and conscious state, thus minimizing any possible effects from stress and eliminating the necessity of repeated anesthesia. Controls consisted of animals subjected to perfusion through empty columns and animals cannulated only. Liver weight, function, and histology were recorded at various times following hemoperfusion and control procedures. The results show that repeated charcoal hemoperfusion is well tolerated in the rat and can be performed safely with no deleterious effects on liver tissue.
Hemoperfusion and DNA Synthesis in the Rat Liver Part I: The Effect of Hemoperfusion on the Rate of DNA Synthesis
Authors: Ryan Calvin J. , Courtney James M. , Wood Christopher B. , Blumgart Leslie H. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTAn investigation has been made into whether charcoal hemoperfusion stimulates a hyperplastic response in the liver of the normal rat. Animals underwent hemoperfusion over Norit RBX1 (Strathclyde, Glasgow, U. K.) charcoal granules using a technique which allowed perfusion in the unrestrained and conscious state. Controls consisted of animals subjected to perfusion through empty columns and animals cannulated only. Body weight, liver weight, function, and DNA synthesis were recorded at various times after completion of perfusion and control procedures. The results indicated that charcoal hemoperfusion did not stimulate a hyperplastic response in the liver of the normal rat following perfusion, and did not produce marked changes in body weight, liver weight, and function.
A Perfluorochemical Emulsion as an Oxygen Carrier
Authors: Yokoyama Kazumasa , Suyama Tadakazu , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Watanabe Masahiro , Ohyanagi Harumasa , Saitoh Yoichi 
Published: November 2008

Abstract: Fluosol‐DA 20%, a perfluorochemical emulsion consisting of 7 parts perfluorodecalin (FDC) and 3 parts perfluorotripropylamine (FTPA), has been used as an oxygen carrier in clinical studies. The emulsion, however, must be stored frozen because it is not stable for long in a liquid state. To increase the stability of perfluorochemical emulsions, a series of experiments on stability, elimination, and toxicity were conducted on different perfluorochemicals. F‐4‐Methyloctahydroquinoli‐dizine (FMOQ) was selected as the best material. The tissue half‐life of FMOQ in rats was estimated to be 7 days, which is the same as that of FDC, a perfluorochemical in Fluosol‐DA 20%. FMOQ emulsified with a mixture of yolk phospholipid and Pluronic F‐68 was stable at 4d̀C for 6 months. Rats exchange‐transfused to a hematocrit of 4% with this emulsion survived for 13 weeks.Summary: The results of this study indicate that the molecular size of and presence of heteroatoms in the PFCs affect excretion rate and emulsion stability. The presence of heteroatoms in the structure probably increases the emulsion stability. Based on those findings, several kinds of bicyclic amines were studied to find PFCs that have a high excretion rate and form a stable emulsion.FMOQ emulsified with a mixture of 2% Pluronic F‐68 and 2% yolk phospholipid is more stable than Fluosol‐DA 20% during thermal stress and over long‐term storage. This emulsion can be sterilized by heating and can be stored at 4d̀C for >6 months without deterioration. The elimination rate of this compound from the organs is about five times higher than that of FTPA and similar to that of FDC. The half‐life in the tissue of rats given 4 g/kg FMOQ was calculated to be ˜7 days. All of the 10 rats exchange‐transfused with FMOQ emulsion at a hematocrit of 4% survived, and the hematocrit and hemoglobin levels normalized rapidly. Three months after the exchange transfusion, no histological changes were found even in the liver and spleen, although a small amount of FMOQ was detected in these organs.From the results obtained, it is concluded that. FMOQ is the most suitable candidate for a second generation oxygen transporter.
Totally Implantable Artificial Organ: Cardiac Prosthesis
Authors: Nosé Yukihiko 
Published: November 2008

Abstract: This article reviews the current status of completely implantable cardiac prostheses, with an emphasis on those systems presently under development at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation (CCF). Such devices have been one of the final goals of artificial heart research since 1957, when Dr. Kolff initiated these studies in Cleveland. Although earlier plans aimed at using radio‐isotopes as the energy source, more recently, due to public opinion and sociopolitical influences, the shift has been towards exclusive use of electrically activated energy converters. These systems can be roughly broken down into two groups according to the powertrain configuration. In the first group, electric heating coils maintain liquid salts in thermal batteries at temperatures close to 500°C. This thermal energy is then converted (through a Stirling cycle) to mechanical motion of the pusher plate (PP) which in turn acts on the blood. Two such systems (emphasized in this article) are under development here at CCF in joint efforts with Nimbus Corporation and the University of Washington, respectively. In the second group of ventricular assist systems, electric energy is converted directly to PP motion through rotating cams, solenoids, or electrohydraulic transmission systems. At least four American contractors are working at the preclinical stage on this group of devices. One in particular, the CCF‐Nimbus system, consisting of a biolized surface blood pump, an electrohydraulic energy converter, and a compliance chamber to handle the variable volume behind the PP, is described in depth in this discussion.In terms of future prospects, it is forecasted that by 1988, the completely implantable VAS will be used clinically, and that by 1994, a specially designed total artificial heart (nontethered patient) would be ready for human use.
Emergency Cardiopulmonary Bypass Support in Patients with Cardiac Arrest Caused by Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mori Yoshio , Ueno Katsumi , Hattori Arihiro , Kim Toshiya , Aoyama Takuma , Segawa Tomonori , Mimoto Hiromichi , Tomita Ryosho , Tanaka Tsutomu , Mori Noriyoshi 
Published: November 2008

Abstract: Emergency percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass support (PCPS) was instituted in 3 patients with acute myocardial infarction in cardiac arrest refractory to conventional resuscitation measures. All had severe double or triple vessel disease. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed in 1 patient, and PTCA and directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) were performed in the other 2 patients on combined intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) and PCPS. Flow rates of 2 to 5 L/min were achieved, with restoration of mean arterial pressure to more than 60 mm Hg during PCPS. The status of all patients was improved hemodynamically with PCPS. One patient died of hemorrhage during PCPS.DCA was successfully performed in the other 2 patients, and PCPS and IABP was discontinued. Time on PCPS ranged from 10 h to 8 days. Time on IABP ranged from 10 days to 2 weeks. These 2 patients died of pneumonia or multiorgan failure after 1. 5 months. In conclusion, emergency PCPS is a powerful resuscitative tool that may stabilize the condition of patients in cardiac arrest to allow for definitive intervention.
Quantitative Reticulocyte Analysis May Be of Benefit in Monitoring Erythropoietin Treatment in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Jeffrey R.F. , Khan A.A. , Kendall R.G. , Norfolk D.R. , Will E.J. , Davison A.M. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract: Reticulocyte responses to low‐dose erythropoietin (EPO) were monitored using automated flow cyto‐metric analysis. Sixteen adult dialysis patients were treated with 1,000 U of recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO), subcutaneously, thrice weekly (mean dose 15.7, SD 3.7 U/kg). The reticulocyte count (baseline 31.1, SD 19.1 times 109/L) increased in 14 patients in the first week, with a peak response occurring at Week 2 (mean 57.3, SD 26.5 times 109/L, p < 0.01). There was a wide spectrum of response, the maximal absolute increment ranging from 6.8–69.7 times 109/L (maximal percentage increase 19–863%), Overall there was no relationship between the early increment in reticulocyte count and hemoglobin (Hb) response over the ensuing 4 months. Nine patients became transfusion independent (mean Hb increasing from 6.9, SD 0.8–9.2, SD 1.2 g/dl). Two patients had poor reticulocyte increments and no significant change in Hb.The remaining 5 patients responded partially with a brisk reticulocyte response and a marked reduction in transfusion dependency, but without a sustained increase in Hb. On investigation, all had gastrointestinal bleeding (melena in 1, commencing after initiation of treatment, positive fecal occult bloods in 4), whereas none of the other patients showed evidence of blood loss. It is notable that the erythron was sensitive to this modest dose of rHuEPO in the majority of patients as evidenced by the reticulocyte response. The results provide useful information in the management of patients on rHuEPO. A small or inappar‐ent reticulocyte response suggests a confounding factor; a poor Hb response in the presence of active reticulocyte synthesis points to occult blood loss or hemolysis.
Rate of reformation of tongue coatings in young adults
Authors: Chérel F , Mobilia A , Lundgren T , Stephens J , Kiger R , Riggs M , Egelberg J 
Published: November 2008

Abstract:  Background:  Reviewing the literature, no study on the rate of regrowth of tongue coatings after tongue cleaning was found. Therefore, the purpose of this study in young adults was to study the rate of reformation of tongue coatings after mechanical removal.Material and Methods:  Thirty‐five dental students participated in the present study. Following preparatory study instructions, baseline examinations were carried out followed by 3 days of observation. At baseline, tongue coating scores (prescraping) were obtained followed by tongue scrapings and determination of the wet weights of the coatings. A second tongue coating score was then obtained within 5 min of the first score (immediate post‐scraping). The subjects returned for repeated tongue coating scores after 1 and 2 days and for final examination after 3 days, which included both tongue coating scores (prescraping and immediate post‐scraping) and determination of the wet weights of the coatings.Results:  Prior to scraping the tongue at day 0 (baseline), mean tongue coating amounted to a surface extension of 33% of the entire dorsum of the tongue. Scraping the tongue reduced the score to 9%. On average, tongue coating scores had returned to baseline levels on day 2. The mean wet weights of tongue scrapings at days 0 and 3 were similar and amounted to 0.09 ± 0.07 and 0.09 ± 0.06 g, respectively.Conclusion:  If tongue cleaning is to be recommended, the results of this study in dental students indicate that tongue cleaning should be performed on a daily basis.
A comparative study of oral health knowledge, attitude and behaviour of first and final year dental students of Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Sharda AJ , Shetty S 
Published: November 2008

Abstract:  Objective:  To assess and compare differences in oral health knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among first and final year dental students in Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India.Materials and methods:  In a cross‐sectional study, 182 first year students (59 males and 123 females) and 157 final year students (75 males and 82 females) of the two dental colleges in Udaipur city; Rajasthan, were surveyed using a self‐administered structured questionnaire including 37 multiple choice questions pretested through a pilot survey. The data was analysed using the spss version 10.0. The mean percentage scores, standard deviation and frequency distribution were calculated. The Student’s t‐test and anova test were used as test of significance. The linear regression analysis were used to assess the relation of knowledge, attitude and behaviour.Results:  The mean % score for oral health knowledge, attitude and behaviour were significantly higher in final year students compared to first year students (P < 0.001). The linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant linear relationship of attitude with the knowledge (P < 0.001) and behaviour with the attitude (P < 0.001) of the students.Conclusion:  Besides the positive changes revealed in the oral health knowledge, attitude and behaviour, among the students from first to final year of dental studies, preventive behaviour among the students could still be improved.
Determination of n+1 Gamete Transmission Rate of Trisomics and Location of Gene Controlling 2n Gamete Formation in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa)
Authors: Zhang Cheng‐He , Li Xiao‐Feng , Shen Shu‐Xing , Yuan He , Xuan Shu‐Xin 
Published: November 2008

Abstract A set of trisomics of Chinese cabbage was used for determining the n+1 gamete transmission rate and locating the gene controlling 2n gamete formation on the corresponding chromosome. The results showed that the transmission rates of extra chromosomes in different trisomics varied from 0% to 15.38% by male gametes and from 0% to 17.39% by female gametes. Of the nine F2 populations derived from the hybridizations between each trisomic and Bp058 (2n gamete material), only Tri‐4×Bp058 showed that the segregation ratio of plants without 2n gamete formation to plants with 2n gamete formation was 10.38:1, which fitted the expected segregation ratio of the trisomics (AAa) based on the 7.37% of n+1 gamete transmission through female and 5.88% through male. In other populations the segregation ratios varied from 2.48:1 to 3.72:1, which fitted the expected 3:1 segregation ratio of the bisomics (Aa). These results suggested that the gene controlling 2n gamete formation in Chinese cabbage Bp058 was located on chromosome 4. Further trisomic analysis based on the chromosome segregation and the incomplete stochastic chromatid segregation indicated that the gene locus was tightly linked to the centromere.
Strategic Conservation of Orchard Germplasm Based on Indigenous Knowledge and Genetic Diversity: a Case Study of Sour Orange Populations in China
Authors: Ming Feng , Liu Qi‐Kun , Shi Jin‐Lei , Wang Wei , Lu Bao‐Rong 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTo effectively conserve sour orange (Citrus aurantiumL.) germplasm on two islands at the estuary of the Yangtze River in China, we estimated genetic variation and relationships of the known parental trees and their proposed descendents (young trees) using the fingerprints of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Results based on RAPD analyses showed considerable genetic diversity in the parental populations (He= 0.202). The overall populations including the parental and young trees showed slightly higher genetic diversity (He= 0.298) than the parents, with about 10% variation between populations. An unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean analysis dendrogram based on cluster analysis of the Jaccard similarity among individuals demonstrated a more complicated relationship of the parental and young trees from the two islands, although the young trees showed a clear association with parental trees. This indicates a significant contribution of parental trees in establishing the sour orange populations on the two islands. According to farmers' knowledge, conservation of only one or two parental trees would be sufficient because they believed that the whole populations were generated from a single mother tree. However, this study suggests that preserving most parental trees and some selected young trees with distant genetic relationships should be an effective conservation strategy for sour orange germplasm on the two islands.