bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytokines, fibrosis and the failure of glaucoma filtration surgery
Authors: Gillies Mark C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCurrent therapies for the prevention of fibrosis after glaucoma filtering surgery can be effective but often produce unwanted side effects. An understanding of the cellular basis of the fibrotic reaction may lead to better treatments. Wound repair revolves around angiogenesis and the activation of fibroblasts by cytokines. These peptides, a number of which have been described, act together in intricately complicated networks to encourage fibroblast chemotaxis, proliferation and contractility, as well as to stimulate the production of glycosaminoglycans and collagen. Since interferons seem to inhibit many of these responses, they deserve further evaluation in the treatment of ocular fibrosis.
Diode laser trabeculoplasty
Authors: Vicary Diane L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDiode laser is a solid state Gallium Aluminium Arsenide (Ga AIAs) laser with a wavelength of approximately 800 nm (near infrared radiation). It has a similar penetration to, and absorption within the ocular tissues as, Krypton red. Diode laser trabeculoplasty (DLT) was carried out on 20 glaucomatous eyes resulting in a mean fall in intraocular pressure of 6.35 mmHg at one month and 6.45 mmHg at three months. Over this early period DLT has an effect similar to argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) in the management of open‐angle glaucoma.
Visual disability and major causes of blindness in NSW: A study of people aged 50 and over attending the Royal Blind Society 1984 to 1989
Authors: Chan Charles W. C. , Billson Frank A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractVisual disability in individuals aged 50 years and over seeking services of the Royal Blind Society in the years 1984 to 1989, was studied with respect to changes in frequency of major causes together with age and sex of those affected.The results mirror statistics in the UK. Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) accounts for an increasing proportion of visual disability (34% in 1984 to 43% in 1989). Of particular interest was the frequency of disability attributed to cataract. While decreasing (24% in 1984 to 19% in 1989), cataract still represents a significant cause of potentially treatable disability.The authors conclude that there is a changing prevalence of visual disability caused mainly by an increase in AMD and a subgroup of patients attending for services who appear to have a potentially remediable disability. These conclusions affirm the need for close liaison between ophthalmological practitioners and agencies for the blind.
Steroid sensitive Acanthamoeba keratitis
Authors: Horsburgh Bradley , Hirst Lawrence W. , Carey Terence , Whitby R. Michael , Nimmo Graeme , Stallard Ken 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA 44‐year‐old woman with proven Acanthamoeba keratitis was successfully treated medically with resultant 6/9 vision. During the treatment, repeated attempts to titrate the patient off topical corticosteroids resulted in recurrent flare‐up of inflammatory keratitis from which Acanthamoeba could not be recultured. It is suggested that steroid administration during the course of Acanthamoeba keratitis may need to be withdrawn extremely slowly to avoid the recurrence of what appears to be an immunological corneal reaction.
Micrographically controlled excision (Mohs' surgery) of basal cell carcinoma around the eye: Combined dermatological surgical clearance and oculoplastic surgical repair
Authors: Irvine C , Walker N P J , Ramnaraint N D , Downes R N , Collin J R O 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPeriorbital infiltrative basal cell carcinomas are notoriously difficult to treat, particularly those around the medial canthus. Micrographically controlled excision with horizontal frozen sections (Mohs' surgery) allows for clearance of the tumour with minimal loss of normal tissue. Once the tumour has been completely removed, the defect can be repaired by the oculoplastic surgeon for the best functional and cosmetic result. This is the ideal treatment for tumours with a contiguous growth pattern that are liable to be seriously over or under treated by other modalities.The technique requires special training for both the operator and the Medical Laboratory Scientific Officer (MLSO). It is costly in time and manpower but in selected cases, where recurrent tumour is most dangerous and where tissue conservation is paramount, it may be invaluable. Close collaboration between dermatological and oculoplastic surgeons in such cases probably offers the patient the best treatment and outcome.
Present challenges in the global prevention of blindness
Authors: Thylefors B 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCataract is responsible for 50% of world blindness, with at present an estimated backlog of 13.5 million cases in need of surgery. Low‐cost cataract surgery must be made more available in developing countries, making use of alternative approaches for outpatient surgery and optimal management of available resources. Trachoma control needs to be targeted at the worst affected areas in endemic countries, with more emphasis on behavioural, educational and community aspects of the disease. Vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia control are becoming matters of maternal and child health care, with early intervention during infancy in view of the mortality issue. There are good prospects for the prevention of blindness from onchocerciasis, through the availability of ivermectin, but large‐scale distribution schemes are still needed in most of the African countries concerned.The early detection and management of open‐angle glaucoma still poses a major problem in developing countries, and further development of appropriate technology is needed in this field. Another area where more efforts are needed is ocular trauma, which is commonly the cause of unilateral loss of vision. General preventive measures must be enforced and better training provided to health personnel to deal competently with such cases, in order to prevent late complications. Diabetes, finally, is on the increase in many developing countries, giving rise to problems in dealing effectively with the ensuing retinopathy. Given the general constraints of resources and technology, more emphasis must be placed on general measures for optimal disease regulation and surveillance.Major efforts for the mobilisation of needed support for blindness prevention must be undertaken rapidly, in order to allow for proper eye care services in the developing countries and to counter a further increase in the number of the world's blind.
The role of botulinurn toxin in third nerve palsy
Authors: Saad Nick , Lee John 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIsolated third nerve paresis is a rare diagnosis among patients presenting to the Botulinum Toxin Clinic at Moorfields Eye Hospital. Ten patients with this diagnosis are reviewed in this study. Head trauma is a common cause of third nerve palsy and is often severe enough to cause damage to fusion potential. If fusion is present and there is adequate adduction of the divergent eye, then botulinum toxin injection of the lateral rectus may induce long‐term control of the ocular deviation. Three of the four patients who experienced tong‐term control of their ocular deviation following toxin injection shared these features. Toxin injected into the lateral rectus did not, however, reliably assess medial rectus function and therefore predict the outcome of horizontal squint surgery. Reasons for this are discussed.
Third nerve palsy due to cerebral artery aneurysm in a child
Authors: Branley Michael G , Wright Kenneth W , Borchert Mark S 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe report a case of cerebral aneurysm in a seven‐year‐old girl who presented with subacutely progressive third nerve palsy. To our knowledge this is the youngest reported patient with this condition. Confusion with myasthenia gravis occurred because of improvement in the patient's ptosis after intravenous edrophonium chloride. Cerebral CT revealed a hyperdense mass that was characterised on cerebral angiography as an aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery. Another occult aneurysm of the posterior cerebral artery was found at surgery. This case demonstrates that third nerve palsy due to cerebral aneurysm may affect patients at a younger age than has previously been recognised. Therefore we suggest that even young children should have aneurysm excluded by cerebral CT and angiography if they present with acquired third nerve palsy involving the pupil. In addition this case highlights the false‐positive results that may occur with the edrophonium chloride test for myasthenia gravis.
Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis—an unexnected cause of papilloedema
Authors: Macken Peter , Arora Anil , Hipwell Geoffrey , Hunyor Alexander 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo patients with superior sagittal sinus thrombosis are reported. Papilloedema was an important diagnostic sign in both cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provided the diagnosis in each case and proved to be the investigation of choice. Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of papilloedema as it is both potentially fatal and probably underdiagnosed.
Development of experimental chronic intraocular hypertension in the rabbit
Authors: Zhu Mei Dong , Cai Feng Ying 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThere are many unanswered questions about chronic glaucoma which cannot be investigated in the available animal models. The present experiments were designed to develop a rabbit model of chronic intraocular hypertension with characteristics similar to human chronic glaucoma by ligating vortex veins or by making single or multiple intraocular injections of 0.5% or 1%α‐chymotrypsin, 20% chondroitin sulphate, 2% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 2% sodium carboxymethylcellulose or 1% or 2% methylcellulose. Evaluation was based on the clinical findings, intraocular pressure and the retrograde axoplasmic transport function of the optic nerve using a horseradish peroxidase histochemical technique. Most methods either failed to produce moderate chronic intraocular hypertension or were associated with other complications. However, a reliable and relatively long period (eight weeks) of intraocular hypertension was developed by a series of four intra‐anteriar chamber injections of 1% or 2% methylcellulose. This model has been proved suitable for the study of structural and functional damage to the retina and optic nerve caused by chronic glaucoma.
Day‐surgery external dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Benger Ross 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA retrospective study of patients undergoing day‐surgery external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) over five years is presented. The patients were medically fit for day‐surgery, preferred outpatient to inpatient care, and had appropriate domiciliary support. There was a high success rate with minimal morbidity, similar to findings in an inpatient setting. Patient satisfaction was uniformly high. The author believes that external DCR can be performed on a day‐surgery basis safely and successfully.
Pseudallescheria boydii keratitis
Authors: FRACO Richard Mills , FRACO Graham Garrett 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe treated a case of post‐traumatic keratitis caused by the soil saprophyte, Pseudallescheria boydii. The injury was caused by a wood splinter which produced a perforating corneal laceration that was primarily repaired. Signs of corneal infection were not evident until the fourth postoperative week. The organism was eradicated by topical miconazole and natamycin. Subsequent penetrating keratoplasty combined with cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation has achieved a good visual outcome.
Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium and familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: McKay David L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCongenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium is a common eye sign in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). FAP has autosomal dominant inheritance with virtually 100% risk of colonic malignancy in adult life. There may be other associated systemic abnormalities including extracolonic malignancy. Early detection of disease is desirable, but has in the past been reliant on regular endoscopic examination. The nature of congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium and its usefulness as a predictive marker of the disease are discussed
Anaerobic orbital abscess secondary to intraorbital wood
Authors: Sullivan Timothy J. , Patel Bhupendra C. , Aylward G William , Wright John E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA case of anaerobic orbital cellulitis secondary to intraorbital wood and an approach to management are presented. Retained foreign bodies should be suspected in all penetrating orbital injuries involving wood. Computed tomography (CT) should be performed to delineate the location and size of any foreign body and to determine damage to adjacent structures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful in certain circumstances. Orbital infection should be anticipated and broad‐spectrum antibiotic cover (including anaerobes) provided. Surgical intervention should be undertaken to remove any retained foreign bodies to prevent vision‐threatening complications.
Internal ophthalmoplegia – a complication of ocular varicella
Authors: Hodgkins Peter R. , Luff Andrew J. , Absolon Michael J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe report a case of unilateral internal ophthalmoplegia associated with varicella zoster in a five‐year‐old boy. Pupillary dilatation and accommodative paralysis persist after three years. A brisk reaction to topical pilocarpine suggests a denervation. Bifocal spectacle correction has restored the visual acuity
Retinal disease associated with AIDS*
Authors: Freeman William R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn recent years an enormous amount of new information in the area of retinitis and retinal disease in immunosuppressed patients has been acquired. There have been exciting new developments in our understanding of the pathogenesis of retinal disease in AIDS patients as well as important advances in the diagnosis and therapy of infectious retinitis. This article will summarise the recent advances in this area and outline the direction of future research as it applies to the clinical management of patients with retinal manifestations of AIDS. Diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties will be addressed including the appropriate selection of antiviral drugs and other therapeutic modalities in patients with sight‐threatening retinitis.
Long‐term intraocular pressure control by trabeculectomy: a ten‐year life table
Authors: Robinson DIM , Lertsumitkul S. , Billson FA , Robinson LP 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA retrospective study of 179 eyes in 127 patients who underwent trabeculectomy at Sydney Eye Hospital under the supervision of two surgeons between 1977 and 1982 was carried out. Survival analysis by life table method shows cumulative two, five, and 10 year success rates to be 78%, 70%, and 67% respectively, with mean duration of intraocular pressure control (IOP<21 mmHg) being 88 months. Anti‐glaucoma medication improved the long‐term survival significantly (Hazard Ratio of 0.49 and P = 0.01) so that when the definition for failure is taken as IOP >20 mmHg while using medication, the two, five and 10 year success rates were 89%, 87% and 86% respectively. A rise in average intraocular pressure is seen between two weeks and three months after trabeculectomy. The improvement in long‐term success rate with use of topical steroids was suggestive (Hazard Ratio of 0.69) but not conclusive (P = 0.21). No difference was found in survival comparing fornix versus limbal based flap technique.
Open evaluation of a new non‐preserved artificial tear
Authors: Smith George TH , Lee Sharon , Taylor Hugh R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn an open, one‐eye controlled study the efficacy of a new, non‐preserved artificial tear (sodium chloride 0.34% W/W, hydroxyethylcellulose 0.44% W/W), stored in single‐use disposable units (Minims, Smith and Nephew) was compared to a variety of other tear substitutes in 30 patients who were currently applying artificial tears to both eyes. It was found that the new drop was tolerated well by the majority of patients with 19 subjects (63%) preferring them to their existing medication. There was a significant reduction in the overall rose bengal staining pattern and also in the stain uptake of the medial conjunctiva between the first and second visits in the Minims treated eyes, but not in the eyes treated with the other drops (P < 0.05). There was also a significant improvement in the patients' subjective feelings of dryness and grittiness in the Minims treated eyes, but not in the other eyes (P < 0.05).
Non‐ulcerative fungal keratitis diagnosed by posterior lamellar biopsy*
Authors: Brooks James G. , Coster Douglas J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe report a case of Fusarium solani keratitis which highlights the difficulties often associated with management of fungal corneal infections. This case demonstrates several unusual and interesting features: the occurrence of deep fungal pathology after superficial injury, the difficulties encountered in attempting to isolate and identify the causative organism, and the protracted course taken by an organism often noted to be rapidly destructive. These features necessitated an individual approach to therapy, employing unconventional medical and surgical techniques to achieve a satisfactory outcome
Endophthalmitis in Auckland 1983–1991
Authors: Kent David G 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA review was made of 58 cases of suspected endophthalmitis presenting to Auckland Public Hospital between January 1983 and July 1991 (103 months). Thirty culture positive cases were found comprising 13 early onset postoperative, six delayed onset postoperative, five bleb‐associated, four post‐traumatic and two endogenous cases. The most frequent organism grown in postoperative endophthalmitis was Staphylococcus epidermidis. No conclusion could be reached as to the effectiveness of early versus delayed vitrectomy. Endophthalmitis due to S. epidermidis usually had a good prognosis while streptococcal endophthalmitis had a poor prognosis. Delayed‐onset postoperative endophthalmitis most often had a good prognosis while bleb‐associated endophthalmitis had a uniformly poor visual outcome. Two isolates responsible for cases of delayed‐onset postoperative endophthalmitis, Propionibacterium acnes and Rhodococcus species, did not grow on agar plates until the seventh day of culture. Significant bacterial resistance to cephazolin was identified with 33% of Gram‐positive and 75% of Gram‐negative isolates resistant. Prevention of postoperative endophthalmitis is discussed.
Phototherapeutic keratectomy for Reis Bucklers' corneal dystrophy
Authors: Rogers Christopher , Cohen Peter , Lawless Michael 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSuperficial keratectomy, penetrating and lamellar keratoplasty have all been advocated when intervention in Reis Bucklers' corneal dystrophy is necessary because of diminished visual acuity. In this study, 11 eyes were treated by phototherapeutic keratectomy with an excimer laser. Two eyes had previously been treated by penetrating keratoplasty. The visual acuity improved in all eyes, from an average of 6/60 to 6/9 with complete cessation of recurrent erosions. The technique was modified, with experience, to minimise the hyperopic shift that occurs with this procedure. Phototherapeutic keratectomy has significant advantages over other procedures and is now the procedure of choice once surgery is required in Reis Bucklers' dystrophy.
Effective corneal retrieval in a general hospital The Royal Melbourne Hospital Eye Bank
Authors: Chopra GK , Vincentis F De , Kaufman D. , Collie D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn active program of corneal transplantation depends upon a constant supply of high quality donor tissue. We describe an effective and inexpensive system of corneal donor retrieval in a major teaching hospital, and present an analysis of its donor population. During the five‐month period studied in detail (May to October 1991), 365 deaths occurred in the hospital. The relatives of the deceased were contacted and consent for donation was requested after 323 (88.5%) of these deaths. Consent was given in 212 cases (65.5% of requests), with a mean age of the donor population of 69 years. After screening donor tissue for quality, 110 pairs of corneal buttons and 10 globes of sclera were despatched for surgery during the study period, giving an overall procurement rate of over 30%. Further, the efficient notification and ‘on‐call’ retrieval system led to very rapid corneal retrieval, resulting in an average death to storage medium time of less than two hours.
The application of a computerised diagnostic index for ophthalmic practice
Authors: Simpson A J 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAll 2792 patients seen in my private practice between July 1989 and September 1992 and receiving a diagnosis were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases‐9 (Clinical Modification), 1979. Any procedures performed were coded according to the American Medical Association Current Procedural Terminology. Patient details and codes were filed by computer using a customised database in Foxpro 2.0 software. Those with minor refractive error or presbyopia alone and those who had no abnormality were excluded from the database. The set‐up and maintenance of this diagnostic index is described and the database structure is specified. A modification of the glaucoma section of ICD‐9, which better suited my needs, is presented. Examples of the potential information available from such a database is described, including some analysis of this general ophthalmic practice.
MRI in the heavy eye phenomenon
Authors: Kowal L , Troski M , Gilford E 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe heavy eye phenomenon presents as progressive esotropia and hypotropia in high myopia. It appears to be due to compression of the lateral rectus muscle against the lateral orbital wall by the enlarged myopic globe. We present the first published magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of this condition and a summary of the literature.
Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the frontal bone
Authors: Moshegov Con , Martin Peter , Myers Philip , Filipic Marijan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo cases of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the frontal bone are presented. This condition was previously known as eosinophilic granuloma and rarely involves the orbit but may be associated with widespread and life‐threatening disease. Clinical, radiological and histopathological features are presented. A discussion of the light and electron microscopic appearances, investigation and management follows.
A fifty‐year follow‐up of ocular defects in congenital rubella: late ocular manifestations
Authors: Arnold Jennifer J , Mcintosh E David G , Martin Frank J , Menser Margaret A 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFifty patients born with congenital rubella in 1939–1945 were reviewed in 1967. In 1991 this cohort was again studied and their ophthalmic features are presented here. The presence of two new cataracts and one case of possible choroidal neovascularisation are again noted; apart from these three eyes, the group showed no evidence of other delayed manifestations of the congenital rubella syndrome. A review is given of the ocular complications of the congenital rubella syndrome, with particular emphasis on the late complications.