bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of body weight on response to ovulation induction with gonadotrophins in 335 women with World Health Organization group II anovulatory infertility
Authors: Balen AH , Platteau P , Andersen AN , Devroey P , Sørensen P , Helmgaard L , Arce J‐C 
Published: August 2006

Objective  To assess the influence of body weight on the outcome of ovulation induction in women with World Health Organization (WHO) group II anovulatory infertility.Design  The combined results of two studies in which either a highly purified urinary follicle‐stimulating hormone or highly purified urinary menotrophin were compared with recombinant follicle‐stimulating hormone.Setting  Thirty‐six fertility clinics.Population  A total of 335 women with WHO group II anovulatory infertility failing to ovulate or conceive on clomifene citrate.Methods  Ovarian stimulation using a low‐dose step‐up protocol.Main outcome measures  The effects of body weight on ovarian response, ovulation rate and pregnancy rate after one treatment cycle.Results  With increasing body mass index (BMI), a higher threshold dose of gonadotrophins was required and there were more days of stimulation; yet, despite a greater concentration of antral follicles, there were fewer intermediate and large follicles. There was no difference in the rates of ovulation and clinical pregnancy in relation to body weight.Conclusions  Body weight affects gonadotrophin requirements but not overall outcome of ovulation induction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome and a BMI of less than 35 kg/m2.
Incretin mimetics as a novel therapeutic option for hepatic steatosis
Authors: Tushuizen Maarten E. , Bunck Mathijs C. , Pouwels Petra J. , Van Waesberghe Jan Hein T. , Diamant Michaela , Heine Robert J. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract: Background: Fat accumulation in the liver or non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is regarded as a key pathogenic factor and component of the metabolic syndrome. It was reported that administration of the incretin mimetic exenatide reversed hepatic steatosis in an obese mouse model. We had the opportunity to study the effect of additional exenatide administration on liver fat content in a patient with type 2 diabetes.Case report: A 59‐year‐old male with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes was treated with exenatide in addition to metformin monotherapy. Following 44 weeks of exenatide therapy, mean the liver fat measured by liver spectroscopy declined from 15.8% to 4.3%. This dramatic decrease in liver fat was accompanied by significant beneficial changes in several cardiovascular disease risk factors and improvement of all liver enzymes, in particular alanine aminotransferase, the most important marker of liver steatosis.Conclusion: This case report suggests that the incretin mimetic exenatide decreases hepatic fat accumulation and may play a role in the future treatment of NAFLD, and the associated insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in an ever‐growing high‐risk population.
Expression of iron regulatory genes in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Holmström Petra , Gåfvels Mats , Eriksson Lennart C. , Dzikaite Vijole , Hultcrantz Rolf , Eggertsen Gösta , Stål Per 
Published: August 2006

Abstract: Background/Aims: The altered iron metabolism in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), characterized by the iron‐deficient phenotype, is suggested to be of importance for tumour growth. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We asked whether these iron perturbations would involve altered expression of genes controlling iron homeostasis.Methods: HCCs were induced in rats by the Solt and Farber protocol of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis, and to evaluate the effects of iron loading, one group of animals were supplemented with dietary iron during tumour progression. Tissue iron contents were determined, labelling indices of S‐phase nuclei were calculated, and mRNA levels of iron‐regulatory genes were quantitated. Protein levels of ferroportin1 were determined with Western blot.Results: HCCs displayed reduced amount of tissue iron and lack of histologically stainable iron. HCCs expressed significantly higher mRNA levels of genes involved in iron uptake (transferrin receptor‐1, divalent metal ion transporter‐1), ferroxidase activity (Ferritin‐H), and iron extrusion (ferroportin1). The protein levels of ferroportin1 in iron‐deficient HCCs were similar as in control livers, and did not increase in HCCs exposed to iron. Hepcidin mRNA levels were decreased in iron‐deficient HCCs, rose in response to iron loading and correlated to the tissue iron content.Conclusions: Taken together, the altered expressions of iron‐regulatory genes in HCCs possibly reflect an increased demand for bioavailable iron and a high iron turnover in neoplastic cells.
Acute mortality during long‐distance ski races (Vasaloppet)
Authors: Farahmand B. , Hållmarker U. , Brobert G. P. , Ahlbom A. 
Published: August 2006

Objective:We studied mortality during long‐distance ski races in Sweden.Design:The cohort comprised all subjects who participated in ski races during the Vasaloppet week from 1970 through 2005. All deaths during the races were identified and compared with the corresponding expected numbers based on national death rates.Results:In total, 698 102 starters generated altogether 581 person‐years of skiing. Overall, 13 deaths occurred compared with 1.68 expected during the skiing time, yielding a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 7.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.1–13.2]. Twelve of the deaths were caused by cardiovascular disease (SMR=22.1, 95% CI 11.4–38.6). Interviews of relatives revealed that two to four victims had medical conditions of the sort that they probably would have been recommended to avoid participation for medical reasons had they consulted a physician.Conclusion:Our study showed a clearly increased risk of acute mortality during long‐distance skiing. However, as physically active people spend only a minority of their time in races, in that population the short‐term excess mortality during these periods is by far outweighed by the long‐term protective effects of exercise on mortality.
Radiographic Analysis of the Transcrestal Sinus Floor Elevation: Short‐Term Observations
Authors: Diserens Valérie , Mericske Ernoe , Mericske‐Stern Regina 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:There are some limitations for implant placement in the posterior maxilla when there is an extended sinus. Various techniques for sinus floor elevation allow an increase in implant length.Purpose:The aim of the present radiographic study was to assess the augmented site in the sinus around implants that were installed by means of an osteotome‐mediated transcrestal sinus floor elevation.Materials and Methods:Thirty‐three patients with 44 implants were available. In 39% of the implants the sinus floor elevation was performed exclusively with bone chips. Bone fill material (Bio‐Oss®, Geistlich Söhne AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) was additionally used to increase the volume and stability of the lifted area at 61% of the implants. The visibility and morphology of the augmentation were assessed and compared by means of intraoral radiography (longcone technique).Results:All implants were stable and were considered to be successful when they were reexamined in the context of the present study. The mean residual bone height was 5.78 ±1.4 mm. The increase of the implant length as compared to the original bone height resulted in a mean value of 3.87 ± 2.0 mm. The volume and density of the lifted area were more visible if Bio‐Oss was added. A shrinkage and/or condensation of the grafted material was visible at 37% of the implants after a minimum loaded period of 200 days. Equally, a decreased visibility of the original sinus floor was noted at 61% of implants. The formation of a cortical bone layer at the apex of the implants was detected at 35% of implants.Conclusions:The surgical procedure appears to be a safe method with rare complications. Radiographic assessment of the augmentation procedure proved to be difficult, and measurements are not fully reliable.
Minimally Invasive Flapless Implant Surgery: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Becker William , Goldstein Moshe , Becker Burton E. , Sennerby Lars 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Placement of implants with a minimally invasive flapless approach has the potential to minimize crestal bone loss, soft tissue inflammation, and probing depth adjacent to implants and to minimize surgical time.Purpose:The aim of this multicenter study was to evaluate implant placement using a minimally invasive one‐stage flapless technique up to 2 years.Materials and Methods:Fifty‐seven patients ranging in age from 24 to 86 years were recruited from three clinical centers (Tucson, AZ, USA; Tel Aviv, Israel; Göteborg, Sweden). Seventy‐nine implants were placed. A small, sharp‐tipped guiding drill was used to create a precise, minimally invasive initial penetration through the mucosa and into bone (Nobel Biocare, Yorba, Linda, CA, USA). Implants were placed according to the manufacturer's instructions, with minimal countersinking. The parameters evaluated were total surgical time, implant survival, bone quality and quantity, implant position by tooth type, depth from mucosal margin to bone crest, implant length, probing depth, inflammation, and crestal bone changes. At 2 years, for 79 implants placed in 57 patients, the cumulative success rate using a minimally invasive flapless method was 98.7%, indicating the loss of 1 implant. Changes in crestal bone for 77 baseline and follow‐up measurements were insignificant (radiograph 1: mean 0.7 mm, SD 0.5 mm, range 2.8 mm, minimum 0.2 mm, maximum 3.0 mm; radiograph 2: mean 0.8 mm, SD 0.5 mm, range 3.4 mm, minimum 0.12 mm, maximum 3.5 mm). Using descriptive statistics for 78 patients (one implant lost), mean changes for probing depth and inflammation were clinically insignificant. The average time for implant placement was 28 minutes (minimum 10 minutes, maximum 60 minutes, SD 13.1 minutes). Average depth from mucosal margin to bone was 3.3 mm (SD 0.7 mm, minimum 2 mm, maximum 5 mm, range 3 mm). Thirty‐two implants were placed in maxillae and 47 in mandibles.Conclusions:The results of this study demonstrate that following diagnostic treatment planning criteria, flapless surgery using a minimally invasive technique is a predictable procedure. The benefits of this procedure are lessened surgical time; minimal changes in crestal bone levels, probing depth, and inflammation; perceived minimized bleeding; and lessened postoperative discomfort.
Early Loading of Interforaminal Implants Immediately Installed after Extraction of Teeth Presenting Endodontic and Periodontal Lesions
Authors: Villa Roberto , Rangert Bo 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Infection in tooth extraction sites has traditionally been considered an indication to postpone implant insertion until the infection has been resolved.Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival rate of early‐loaded implants placed immediately after extraction of teeth with endodontic and periodontal lesions in the mandible.Materials and Methods:Twenty patients in need of mandibular implant treatment and with teeth showing signs of infection in the interforaminal area were included in the study. The patients received four to six implants (Brånemark System®, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) in or close to the fresh extraction sockets and received a provisional prosthesis within 3 days. Final prostheses were delivered after 3 to 12 months. The surgical protocol paid special attention to the preservation of high implant stability and control of the inflammatory response. The patients were followed up for 15 to 44 months.Results:No implants were lost, resulting in a 100% survival rate. A mean marginal bone loss of 0.7 mm (SD 1.2 mm) was registered during the observation period. No signs of infection around the implants were detected at any follow‐up visit. Conclusion: A high survival rate can be achieved for immediately placed and early‐loaded implants in the mandible despite the presence of infection at the extracted teeth.
Immediate Occlusal Loading of Brånemark System® TiUnite™ Implants Placed Predominantly in Soft Bone: 4‐Year Results of a Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Schärer Peter , Glauser Roland , Ruhstaller Petra , Windisch Simone , Zembic Anja , Lundgren AnnaKarin , Gottlow Jan , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Immediate occlusal implant loading has been documented as a viable treatment option for various indications. However, most of the available studies reported on the short‐term outcome of this treatment modality.Purpose:The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to document, on a long‐term basis, the outcome of immediate occlusally loaded Brånemark System® Mk IV TiUnite™ (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) implants placed to support fixed reconstructions in various regions of the jaws.Materials and Methods:Thirty‐eight patients received a total of 51 fixed prosthetic reconstructions, all of which were connected on the day of implant insertion. Twenty restorations replaced single teeth, 30 were fixed partial dentures, and 1 was a full‐arch fixed lower restoration. These prostheses were supported by 102 Brånemark System Mk IV TiUnite implants (38 maxillary and 64 mandibular), the majority of which were placed in posterior regions (88%) and mainly in soft bone (76%). Resonance frequency measurements and marginal periimplant soft tissue evaluations were conducted during the course of the study. Furthermore, radiographic examinations were performed at the time of prosthesis delivery and at the 1‐ and 6‐month and 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐year follow‐up visits. This report summarizes the results after 4 years of loading.Results:Three maxillary implants were removed, although stable, in one patient at the 8‐week follow‐up owing to postoperative infection in the adjacent guided bone regeneration area. No implants were lost further on. This resulted in a cumulative implant success rate of 97.1% after 4 years of prosthetic loading. The mean marginal bone remodeling after 4 years of function was 1.3 ± SD 0.9 mm. At 4 years, absence of marginal plaque and bleeding on probing was reported for 87% and 69% of the sites, respectively, thereby remaining unchanged since the 1‐year follow‐up. On average, the inter‐proximal soft tissue fill increased for both mesial and distal papillae from scores of 1.4 ± 1.1 and 1.0 ± 1.1, respectively, at the preoperative assessment to 2.0 ± 0.8 and 1.7 ± 0.8, respectively, at the 4‐year assessment.Conclusion:The applied immediate loading protocol, in combination with a slightly tapered implant design and a modified implant surface texture, was shown to be a successful treatment alternative in regions exhibiting soft bone.
One‐Year Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study on Brånemark System® Implants with a TiUnite™ Surface
Authors: Friberg Bertil , Dahlin Christer , Widmark Göran , Östman Pär‐Olov , Billström Camilla 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:A moderately rough surface implant (TiUnite™, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) was introduced in 2000. Laboratory studies and some clinical studies have demonstrated excellent bone response in the early healing phase.Purpose:The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to follow a large number of consecutively treated patients using Brånemark System® implants with the TiUnite surface. The current report constitutes the 1‐year data of a planned 3‐year study.Materials and Methods:Originally, the study comprised 43 surgeons from 22 centers in Sweden, Norway, and Finland. Five centers were excluded from the study because of poor compliance. Thus, 187 patients treated with 478 TiUnite implants were followed during 1 year of function. The majority of implants were inserted in maxillae (357 implants), and 78 of the implant sites were assigned the quality 4 figure. Radiographic evaluations were performed.Results:Five implants were lost up to and including the 1‐year follow‐up, revealing implant cumulative survival rates of 98.6% and 100% for maxillae and mandibles, respectively. Three implants failed in quality 4 bone (3.8%). The mean marginal bone resorption at the end of the study period was 1.4 mm. The number of withdrawals of patients during the first year was high (19.3%).Conclusion:The present investigation showed a high implant cumulative survival rate of 98.9%. Values of marginal bone resorption were within normal ranges. No adverse effects of the TiUnite surface were reported, and complications during the study period were few and similar to those reported for the turned implant surface. However, the high number of excluded patients and the relatively high number of withdrawals must be observed and considered when interpreting data.
Oxidized Titanium Implants in Reconstructive Jaw Surgery
Authors: Brechter Magnus , Nilson Hans , Lundgren Stefan 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Rehabilitation with implant‐supported bridges in patients with insufficient bone volumes may require bone reconstructive procedures in conjunction with or prior to implant placement. Clinical follow‐up studies using turned titanium and bone grafts have demonstrated higher failure rates than when used in nongrafted patients. Improved bone integration has been demonstrated for oxidized titanium implants; however, their clinical performance in bone reconstruction situations is not known.Purpose:This study was performed to analyze the survival and stability of oxidized titanium implants placed in patients subjected to reconstructive jaw surgery at one clinic.Materials and Methods:Two hundred oxidized titanium implants (Mk III, TiUnite™, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) were placed in 47 patients in conjunction with or secondary to six different reconstructive procedures owing to insufficient bone volume. In all six groups, implant stability was assessed by resonance frequency analysis and manually checked for rotation stability at implant insertion, at the time of abutment connection, and after a minimum of 12 months of loading of the prosthetic construction. Periapical radiographs were taken after a minimum of 12 months of loading (mean 21 months) for evaluation of the marginal bone levels. The mean clinical follow‐up period was 30 months.Results:Of the 200 implants, 199 were considered osseointegrated at the time of abutment surgery. At the 12‐month post‐loading follow‐up, another two implants were considered not stable. Three implants (1.5%) were ranked as unsuccessful.Conclusion:Clinical experience with 200 consecutive oxidized implants in various reconstruction situations shows a successful outcome, with only three failures (1.5%) during a mean follow‐up period of 30 months.
All‐on‐4 Immediate‐Function Concept with Brånemark System® Implants for Completely Edentulous Maxillae: A 1‐Year Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Maló Paulo , Rangert Bo , Nobre Miguel 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Immediate implant function has become an accepted treatment modality for fixed restorations in totally edentulous mandibles, whereas experience from immediate function in the edentulous maxilla is limited.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to evaluate a protocol for immediate function (within 3 hours) of four implants (All‐on‐4, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) supporting a fixed prosthesis in the completely edentulous maxilla.Materials and Methods:This retrospective clinical study included 32 patients with 128 immediately loaded implants (Brånemark System® TiUnite™, Nobel Biocare AB) supporting fixed complete‐arch maxillary all‐acrylic prostheses. A specially designed surgical guide was used to facilitate implant positioning and tilting of the posterior implants to achieve good bone anchorage and large interimplant distance for good prosthetic support. Follow‐up examinations were performed at 6 and 12 months. Radiographic assessment of the marginal bone level was performed after 1 year in function.Results:Three immediately loaded implants were lost in three patients, giving a 1‐year cumulative survival rate of 97.6%. The marginal bone level was, on average, 0.9 mm (SD 1.0 mm) from the implant/abutment junction after 1 year.Conclusion:The high cumulative implant survival rate indicates that the immediate function concept for completely edentulous maxillae may be a viable concept.
Short Implants in the Severely Resorbed Maxilla: A 2‐Year Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Renouard Franck , Nisand David 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Although the predictability of endosseous dental implants is well documented, the restoration of the posterior region of the maxilla remains a challenge. The placement of short implants is one therapeutic option that reduces the need for augmentation therapy.Purpose:The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the survival rates of 6 to 8.5 mm‐long implants in the severely resorbed maxilla following a surgical protocol for optimized initial implant stability.Materials and Methods:The study included 85 patients with 96 short (6–8.5 mm) implants (Brånemark System®, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) supporting single‐tooth and partial reconstructions. The implants had a machined (54) or an oxidized (TiUnite™, Nobel Biocare AB) (42) surface. A one‐stage surgical protocol with delayed loading was used. The patients were followed for at least 2 years after loading (average follow‐up period 37.6 months). The marginal bone resorption was assessed by radiographic readings.Results:Five implants were lost during the first 9 months, and four implants were lost to follow‐up. The cumulative survival rate was 94.6%. Four of the failed implants had a machined surface, and one had an oxidized surface. The mean marginal bone resorption after 2 years in function was 0.44 ± 0.52 mm.Conclusion:This study demonstrates that the use of short implants maybe considered for prosthetic rehabilitation of the severely resorbed maxilla as an alternative to more complicated surgical techniques.
A Computed Tomographic Scan–Derived Customized Surgical Template and Fixed Prosthesis for Flapless Surgery and Immediate Loading of Implants in Fully Edentulous Maxillae: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: van Steenberghe Daniel , Glauser Roland , Blombäck Ulf , Andersson Matts , Schutyser Filip , Pettersson Andreas , Wendelhag Inger 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Based on three‐dimensional implant planning software for computed tomographic (CT) scan data, customized surgical templates and final dental prostheses could be designed to ensure high precision transfer of the implant treatment planning to the operative field and an immediate rigid splinting of the installed implants, respectively.Purpose:The aim of the present study was to (1) evaluate a concept including a treatment planning procedure based on CT scan images and a prefabricated fixed prosthetic reconstruction for immediate function in upper jaws using a flapless surgical technique and (2) validate the universality of this concept in a prospective multicenter clinical study.Materials and Methods:Twenty‐seven consecutive patients with edentulous maxillae were included. Treatments were performed according to the Teeth‐in‐an‐Hour™ concept (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden), which includes a CT scan‐derived customized surgical template for flapless surgery and a prefabricated prosthetic suprastructure.Results:All patients received their final prosthetic restoration immediately after implant placement, that is, both the surgery and the prosthesis insertion were completed within approximately 1 hour. In the 24 patients followed for 1 year, all prostheses and individual implants were recorded as stable.Conclusion:The present prospective multicenter study indicates that the prefabrication, on the basis of models derived from three‐dimensional oral implant planning software, of both surgical templates for flapless surgery and dental pros‐theses for immediate loading is a very reliable treatment option. It is evident that the same approach could be used for staged surgery and in partial edentulism.