bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pneumococcal vaccination and primary care presentations for acute respiratory tract infection and antibiotic prescribing in older adults
Authors: Hossain Fariha Binte , Jayasinghe Sanjay , Blazek Katrina , He Wen-Qiang , Liu Bette 
Published: April 2024

Background
While the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) has demonstrated its role in preventing severe pneumococcal disease, its impact on more non-specific conditions like acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of PPV23 in prevention of presentations for ARI and LRTI and related antibiotic prescriptions among older adults in primary care.

Methods
Using a nationwide general practice dataset, we followed a cohort of regularly attending patients aged ≥65 years from 1 January 2014 until 31 December 2018 for presentations for ARI, LRTI, and related antibiotic prescriptions. Associations between PPV23 receipt and each outcome were assessed using a multiple failures survival model to estimate hazard ratios (HR) adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and various health measures.

Results
A cohort of 75,264 patients aged ≥65 years (mean 75.4, 56% female) in 2014 was followed. The incidence of presentations for ARI, ARI-related antibiotic prescription, LRTI, and LRTI-related antibiotic prescription was 157.6, 76.0, 49.6, and 24.3 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Recent PPV23 vaccine receipt was associated with a small reduction in ARI presentations (adjusted HR vaccinated vs. unvaccinated 0.96; 95%CI 0.94–0.98; p = 0.002); however, there was no reduction in ARI-related antibiotic prescription, LRTI presentation, nor LRTI-related antibiotic prescription (adjusted HR were 0.99[95%CI 0.96–1.03], 1.04[95%CI 0.99–1.09], 1.07[95%CI 1.00–1.14]).

Conclusion
PPV23 vaccination in older adults may result in a small reduction in the incidence of total ARI presentations in primary care. However, the effect is small and residual confounding cannot be excluded.
Sex as a risk factor regarding presbyopia in the rhesus monkey
Authors: Croft Mary Ann , Mcdonald Jared P. , Kiland Julie , Mattison Julie A. , Roth George S. , Ingram Don , Kaufman Paul L. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
To determine the effect of sex as a risk factor regarding presbyopia.

Methods
Maximum accommodation was pharmacologically induced (40% cabachol corneal iontophoresis) in 97 rhesus monkeys (49 males and 48 females) ranging in age from 8 to 36 years old. Accommodation was measured by Hartinger coincidence refractometry.

Results
Accommodative amplitude measured refractometrically decreased with age, and the rate of change was not different between males and females (p = 0.827).

Conclusions
Presbyopia is essentially sex neutral, and no one is spared. There may be modest variations between different populations for various reasons, but essentially it is monotonously predictable. At present there is no biological therapeutic.
Gender distribution of Top Doctors in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery
Authors: DiNardo Lauren A. , Reese Alyssa D. , Raghavan Maya , Sullivan Meagan , Carr Michele M. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Our study seeks to understand the profiles of otolaryngologists selected by Castle Connolly’s Top Doctor list and how this compares to the entire field of otolaryngology.

Methods
Top Doctor lists published in Castle Connolly affiliated magazines were analyzed for Otolaryngology, Otolaryngology/Facial Plastic Surgery, or Pediatric Otolaryngology physicians. Only lists published in 2021 or representing the 2021 Top Doctor lists were analyzed. Of the total 39 partnered magazines, 27 met our criteria. Information on the physician was analyzed from the Castle Connolly website and included: gender, education, faculty position, years as a Top Doctor, and certifications of each physician.

Results
879 doctors, 742 (84%) men and 137 women (16%), were included in our analysis. 509 physicians completed a fellowship, 85 (62%) women and 424 (57%) men. The fellowship type varied significantly between gender (p = .002). 122 (14%) Top Doctors completed facial and plastic reconstructive surgery and 111 (91%) were men. Of the women Top Doctors completing a fellowship, 29 (34%) completed a fellowship in pediatric otolaryngology. A logistic regression found that men have an increased odds of being on the Top Doctors list for more years than females (OR: 1.36, p < .001).

Conclusion
The percentage of women named as Top Doctors was less than the proportion of women in otolaryngology. This may be attributed to gender differences we found in fellowship type and certification. Further research into the role of otolaryngology subspecialties in selection of Top Doctors is needed to better understand gender differences.
Progressive relaxation training in patients with breast cancer receiving aromatase inhibitor therapy-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bahçacı Umut , Atasavun Uysal Songül , Erdogan İyigün Zeynep , Ordu Çetin , Soybir Gürsel Remzi , Ozmen Vahit 
Published: April 2024

Background
Aromatase inhibitors have positive impacts on the disease-free life of patients with breast cancer. However, their side effects, especially arthralgia, may be experienced by many patients. This study sought to assess the efficacy of Progressive Relaxation Exercises on the prevalent side effects of Aromatase Inhibitors in patients with breast cancer.

Materials and methods
This clinical trial was conducted with single-blind randomization at a physiotherapy department in a local hospital. Patients who received Aromatase Inhibitor were assigned at random to either the study or control group. The study group (n = 22) performed a Progressive Relaxation Exercises program four days a week for six weeks, while the control group (n = 22) received advice on relaxation for daily life. Data was collected before the intervention and after six weeks. The study’s primary endpoint was the Brief Pain Inventory, which was used to measure pain severity. Secondary endpoints included assessments of quality of life and emotional status, which were measured using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scales, respectively.

Results
The study group exhibited a significant reduction in Pain Severity (p = 0.001) and Pain Interference (p = 0.012) sub-scores. Reduction in Pain Severity (p<0.001) and Patient Pain Experience (p = 0.003) sub-scores was also noted between the groups. Quality of Life and Emotional Status showed no significant variation both within and between the groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion
The study demonstrated that Progressive Relaxation Exercises caused a significant reduction in pain scores among Breast Cancer patients receiving Aromatase Inhibitors. While a decrease in pain during the 6-week period is valuable data, it is necessary to monitor the long-term effects of relaxation techniques.
Protocol of a pilot randomized clinical trial to evaluate nutritional support and rehabilitation on prevention of skeletal muscle mass loss during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Miki Yuichiro , Nishi Satoshi , Tamura Tatsuro , Imai Takumi , Nambara Mikio , Fukuoka Tatsunari , Yoshii Mami , Toyokawa Takahiro , Lee Shigeru , Fujii Hisako , Yoshida Hisako , Ikebuchi Mitsuhiko , Maeda Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2024

Background
Subtotal esophagectomy with lymph node dissection followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard treatment for stage II–III esophageal cancer. Esophagectomy is still associated with high morbidity rates, and reducing these rates remains challenging. Among several complications, postoperative pneumonia (PP) is sometimes fatal, which has been reportedly caused by sarcopenia. Thus, nutritional support and rehabilitation may be promising for preventing skeletal muscle mass loss and reduce the incidence of PP.

Methods
This single-center, randomized, open-label, pilot trial will randomize a total of 40 patients with esophageal cancer in a 1:1 ratio either to ISOCAL Clear + rehabilitation arm or only rehabilitation arm. Although all patients will be educated about rehabilitation by a specialized physician and will be asked to undergo the prespecified rehabilitation program, patients treated with ISOCAL Clear + rehabilitation arm will be supplemented by 400 mL of ISOCAL Clear (Nestlé Japan Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) per day during two courses of NAC with docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil. Body composition will be assessed using Inbody (Inbody Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) just before starting NAC and surgery. The primary endpoint is the change of skeletal muscle index (SMI) during NAC. Secondary endpoints include (i) body weight, total skeletal muscle mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and lean body mass index changes; (ii) the percentage of ISOCAL Clear continuation; (iii) appetite evaluation; (iv) the percentage of targeted calorie achievement; (v) adverse events of NAC; (vi) postoperative complication rates; and (vii) postoperative hospital stay.

Discussion
This prospective trial assesses the efficacy of nutritional support in addition to rehabilitation during NAC for patients with esophageal cancer. The results will be utilized in assessing whether the effects of nutritional support by ISOCAL Clear are promising or not and in planning future larger clinical trials.
DESIGN AND TESTING OF A DEVICE FOR HUMAN LIMB MULTIFREQUENCY COMPARATIVE BIOIMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT– PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Schmidt Martin , Novak Martin , Raska Pavel , Penhaker Marek , Pleva Leopold 
Published: April 2024

Bioimpedance is the ability of biological tissues to impede the flow of electrical current. It is often measured as a means of detecting volume and structural changes in various biological tissues. The purpose of this work was to design a two-channel portable device for measuring multifrequency bioimpedance of human limbs. The device was constructed specifically for evaluation of the bioimpedance measurement as a possible tool for aiding in diagnosis of soft-tissue structural changes in the muscles of human limbs by continuously comparing bioimpedance of one limb to the other. The proposed device is based on impedance converter AD5933. It is designed for noninvasive measurements on the human body with low amplitude alternating current at frequencies between 1 kHz and 100 kHz. The device was tested for electromagnetic compatibility, accuracy and used in laboratory measurements for detection of muscle edema on a bioimpedance model. It is capable of measuring impedance up to 100 kΩ with a relative measurement error below 1.84%.
The Deployment of K-Pop in Asian Market through the Implementation of Cross-Country Business Contracts by the Korean Entertainment Company
Authors: Saraswati Alifia , Abdillah Yusri , Rut Damayanti Cacik 
Published: April 2024

Recently, the emergence of a popular commodification in the form of South Korean music, known as K-Pop, has the potential to attract youthful generations in a number of Asian nations. The massive deployment of K-Pop has become public attention on how music with uncommon language could reach many people outside South Korea. One of the entertainment companies considered responsible for the phenomenon is SM Entertainment. This company is considered one of the largest in South Korea. Thanks to its business strategy capable of deploying commodification called K-Pop could enter many Asian countries, with the local company from the target market. This research aims to analyze the business contracts between SM Entertainment and the affiliation companies to create business collaboration in the form of entry mode toward different Asian countries and to evaluate SM Entertainment's success in deploying their K-Pop's commodification in Asia. This research applied the theory of Cultural Technology, Entry Mode and Cross-Country Business Contracts with a qualitative descriptive method. The results showed that implementing cross-country business contracts is doing a number in K-Pop’s expansion across Asia by modifying the business contracts suitable for the SM Entertainment and the target market to enter the Asian Market. This research also shows that K-Pop's expansion in the Asian Market is a successful movement since K-Pop’s commodification reached and influenced many people to consume it, especially from SM Entertainment. Nonetheless, SM Entertainment is expected in entertainment if they are eager to make this K-Pop's commodification accepted generally and not just as one- time phenomenon.
Mödrar som mördar
Authors: Kostenniemi Peter 
Published: April 2024

Theme: Motherhood and Mothering. Ill. ©Stina Wirsén
Mothers That Murder: The Myling, Baby Farmers, and Mothering
In contemporary Swedish children’s literature, mylings and baby farmers make frequent appearances. A myling is the ghost of a murdered child, destined to haunt and expose its assassin. Baby farmers were women paid to take care of unwanted children but sometimes killed them, either directly or through neglect. Both motifs indirectly address issues of motherhood and mothering, and the aim of this article is to discuss how they are represented in children’s literature. In research about motherhood, being a mother is often distinguished from the act of mothering. Motherhood is associated with a biological discourse whilst mothering refers to social practices of care that are associated with the mother but may also be carried out by other people. Both mylings and baby farmers address this distinction but in various ways. In folklore about mylings, the biological mother is traditionally singled out as the infant’s killer. This misogynistic discourse is, to some extent, renegotiated in contemporary non-fictional works about Nordic mythology for children. In fictional works, though, the mother is still portrayed as the sole caregiver for the child and the only one to blame for its death, thus disregarding the distinction between motherhood and mothering. Baby farmers are neither mothers nor are they mothering. Children’s novels set in the past describe the baby farmer as part of a societal industry where a discrepancy between motherhood and mothering is displayed: children are born but not cared for. However, the burden of guilt is shared amongst various social actors, including the fathers. In Gothic fiction set in a contemporaneous society, the baby farmer reveals a deficit in mothering altogether and offers neglect – an anti-mothering – in its place.
Bakom den leende masken
Authors: Haglund Tuva , Nauwerck Malin 
Published: April 2024

Theme: Motherhood and Mothering. Ill. ©Stina Wirsén
Behind the Pretty Mask: Vulnerable Mothering in Contemporary Picturebooks about Surrogacy and Illness
Children and adults, the dual audience of picturebooks, are joined in the act of reading aloud. For many parents, reading to their child constitutes one of the basic, intimate care practices of mothering (Rich; Holm). In this study, we examine picturebooks about surrogacy and about mothering parents who are mentally or physically ill, published in Sweden in the period between 2010 and 2022. Both types of books depict a vulnerability in relation to parenthood, motherhood and mothering and are often autobiographical and niche- or self-published. With an analytical approach grounded in critical theories of adult agency in children’s literature (Rose; Nodelman; Beauvais), we find that both picturebooks about surrogacy and illness communicate straightforward and often sentimental messages to the child reader, whereas more complex and possibly problematic adult desires and needs can be detected on the level of the adult address. Through the projected child perspective (Rhedin), our material offers the vulnerable adult reader representation and recognition in relation to a motherhood/mothering that is not unequivocally considered sufficient or legitimate. The traditional aesthetics and pedagogical use-value of the picturebook as well as the positive maternal associations to reading aloud, are essential in this legitimization process. Meanwhile, the implied child reader functions as a projection surface for adult wishes of normalcy and happy endings. Although hidden behind adult projections, it is this “mighty” child (Beauvais) who ultimately has the power to acknowledge and justify the parents in an impending future which reaches beyond the control of both adult writer and implied adult reader.
Continuously tuneable single electrode pair liquid crystal optical vortex generators
Authors: Nourshargh Camron , Xu Alec , Salter Patrick S. , Booth Martin J. , Elston Steve J. , Morris Stephen M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate the use of two-photon polymerization direct laser writing in the production of continuously tuneable optical vortex beam (OV) generators in a liquid crystal (LC) layer sandwiched between glass substrates. Results are presented that show how an OV generator can be inscribed into a 20 μm-thick LC layer and how the order of the OV beam can be tuned with the application of a voltage. Importantly, only a single pair of electrodes is needed to tune the order of the vortex as the required phase profile is generated through the 3D structuring of the polymer network using the laser writing process. Following the design and fabrication of the LC-OV generator, a Mach–Zehnder interferometer is subsequently employed, in conjunction with polarizing optical microscopy, to characterize the devices to confirm the generation of OVs of different orders and to determine the corresponding chirality. The paper concludes by considering whether these LC-OV generators can function at a range of different operation wavelengths. Such devices would be of potential importance in applications ranging from optical communications to quantum physics.
Estrategia educativa para el desarrollo físico de los niños en el hogar
Authors: Téllez Quiala Aliagna , Espinal Ribeaux Beatriz de la Caridad 
Published: April 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación es preparar a las familias de niños y niñas entre los 3 y 4 años del Programa Educa a tu hijo, del Consejo Popular El Caney, del municipio Santiago de Cuba para estimular su desarrollo físico en el hogar en la etapa de confinamiento por la pandemia de Covid-19. Entre los antecedentes de este estudio están Lizarazo (2020), Muñoz y Lluch (2020), Siverio et al. (2012), Siverio et al. (2014) y otros. Los métodos científicos empleados fueron: analítico sintético, inductivo deductivo y el sistémico-estructural-funcional, así como la revisión documental, el estadístico-matemático y las técnicas: entrevista y encuesta. Uno de los resultados logrados y el principal aporte de esta investigación consistió en el diseño de la estrategia educativa. Su aplicación preparó a las familias para conducir y guiar el desarrollo físico de los pequeños en el hogar para estimular su desarrollo integral. La estrategia es de gran actualidad, pues es alternativa al proceso educativo de la primera infancia en la comunidad, el cual ha sido reducido a la estimulación del desarrollo en el hogar conducido por la familia.
The impact of climate aridification on rare lichen communities
Authors: Bukabayeva Z. , Abiyev S. , Silybayeva B. , Ivachshenko O. 
Published: April 2024

The global diversity of approximately 25,000 lichen species (e.g., from the genera Usnea, Cladonia, and Peltigera), including rare and endangered ones, highlights the importance of preserving their population in the State National Nature Park “Burabay”. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of rare lichen species in the territory of the State National Nature Park “Burabay,” located in the Akmola region of Kazakhstan, in the period from 2018 to 2022, with a particular focus on understanding how aridification may have influenced their presence and abundance. In the course of the study, methods such as route expeditions, the comparative morphological method, as well as some other special methods were used. The collection of information to systematize the taxonomic composition of lichens (genera Lobaria, Rhizocarpon, and Xanthoria) was carried out during route expeditions. The study identified 56 lichen species, with a focus on rare and protected species. Established in 2000, the park's rich biodiversity is showcased, including the discovery of three very rare species (Dermatocarpon miniatum, Psora lurida, and Verrucaria nigrescens) and four species requiring protection (Peltigera spuria, Cladonia coccifera, Haematomma ventosum, and Caloplaca aurantiaca). These findings are significant, considering the absence of data on these species since the 1982 Red Book of Kazakhstan (including genera such as Lecanora, Lecidea, and Pertusaria). The sensitivity of lichens to environmental changes (indicated by genera like Alectoria, Bryoria, and Cetraria) makes them ideal for monitoring ecological health through a cost-effective method known as lichen indication. The increase in the species count over the past five years (highlighting genera such as Stereocaulon, Solorina, and Thamnolia) suggests effective conservation efforts and underlines the park's ecological importance. The study's findings reveal that aridification is reshaping lichen communities in the park, emphasizing their sensitivity to climate change and the need for conservation strategies to address these changes and ensure the preservation of lichen biodiversity in the face of global climate change. The research contributes valuable data for future conservation planning and environmental assessments in the region, emphasizing the need to protect diverse lichen genera (e.g., Evernia, Ramalina, and Parmotrema) for ecological monitoring and conservation.
Compulsive sexual behaviour in Iranian married women: Prevalence, sociodemographic, sexual, and psychological predictors across-country
Authors: Khayer Elnaz , Zarei Rezvan , Damghanian Maryam , Bőthe Beáta , Farnam Farnaz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThis study addresses the scarcity of research on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) in non-Western cultures and women, exploring its prevalence, sociodemographic, sexual history characteristics, and sexual and psychological health factors in Iranian married women.MethodsA cross-sectional study involving 772 heterosexual married women was conducted between 2022 and 2023, covering all 31 provinces of Iran. Participants were categorized as CSBD+ (at-risk individuals) and CSBD− (low-risk individuals) based on a pre-established cut-off point of ≥18 by the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale −7. Depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, self-esteem, sexual distress, sexual satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, and sexual dysfunction were assessed as psychological and sexual health variables by standardized scales.ResultsThe prevalence of CSBD was 3.8% in women. Linear regression analysis showed that lower education, being jobless, substance use, pornography use, paraphilic behaviors, conflict on sex frequency, relationship, orgasm and sexual dissatisfaction, higher sexual arousal, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms were positively associated with CSBD. The univariate analysis, at a stringent significance level of 0.005, mirrored the regression findings. Additionally, women with CSBD+ exhibited lower religiousness and higher anxiety compared to those without CSBD−.Discussion and ConclusionsRaising awareness of CSBD is crucial for health systems and individuals for better policy-making and help-seeking behavior. Identifying risk factors like substance use presents opportunities for prevention, and the association of CSBD with sexual and mental health variables suggests addressing co-occurring issues for improved treatment outcomes. Recognizing culture and gender-specific sexual and psychological correlates enables targeted and effective treatment approaches.