bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermatophytes and skin dermatophytoses in Southeast Asia—First epidemiological survey from Cambodia
Authors: Uhrlaß Silke , Mey Sithach , Koch Daniela , Mütze Hanna , Krüger Constanze , Monod Michel , Nenoff Pietro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDermatomycoses count to the most frequent dermatoses in Cambodia.ObjectivesThe aim of this survey was to investigate the occurrence of dermatophytes in this Southeast Asian country.MethodsFrom June 2017 to July 2018, skin scrapings were taken from 67 patients with superficial dermatophytosis for mycological diagnostics. Identification of dermatophytes was confirmed by sequencing of the ‘internal transcribed spacer’—(ITS) region of the rDNA, and the gene of the Translation Elongation Factor (TEF)‐1α.ResultsPatients were suffering from tinea corporis and tinea inguinalis/cruris 42/67 (63%), tinea capitis/faciei 14/67 (21%), tinea corporis/capitis/faciei 6/67 (9%), tinea manuum/pedis 2/67 (3%), tinea pedis 2/67 (3%) and tinea manuum 1/67 (1%). Both, by culture and/or PCR, a dermatophyte was detected in 52 (78%) out of 67 samples. Culture positive were 42 (81%) of 52, PCR positive were 50 (96%). The following dermatophytes were found: Trichophyton (T.) rubrum, 36/52 strains (69%, 29 by culture), T. mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale (TM/TI) 9/52 (17%, six by culture) and Microsporum (M.) canis 5/52 strains (10%, by culture). One strain of Nannizzia (N.) incurvata 1/52 (2%) and N. nana 1/52 (2%) was isolated. Based on sequencing, we demonstrated that two T. mentagrophytes strains out of the nine TM/TI represented the new ITS genotype XXV Cambodia. We found one T. mentagrophytes strain genotype VIII (now, reclassified as T. indotineae). This isolate was terbinafine resistant, and it exhibited the amino acid substitution Phe397Leu in the squalene epoxidase. Three strains of T. interdigitale genotype II* were isolated.ConclusionThis is the first survey on epidemiology of dermatophytes in Cambodia. Currently, T. rubrum represents the most frequent species in Cambodia. One Indian strain genotype VIII T. mentagrophytes was found. A highlight was the first description of the new T. mentagrophytes genotype XXV Cambodia.
Deep hanging out, mixed methods toolkit, or something else? Current ethnographic practices in US anthropology
Authors: Snodgrass Jeffrey G. , Lacy Michael G. , Wutich Amber , Bernard H. Russell , Oths Kathryn S. , Beresford Melissa , Bendeck Shawna , Branstrator Julia R. , Dengah H. J. François , Nelson Robin G. , Ruth Alissa , Sagstetter Seth I. , SturtzSreetharan Cindi , Zhao Katya Xinyi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe use a mix of qualitative and quantitative analyses to examine 1354 survey responses from members of the American Anthropological Association about their practice and teaching of cultural anthropology research methods. Latent profile analysis and an examination of responses to open‐ended survey questions reveal distinctive methodological clustering among anthropologists. However, two historical approaches to ethnography remain prominent: deep hanging out and a mixed methods toolkit, with the former remaining central to the practice and teaching of all forms of contemporary cultural anthropology. Further, many anthropologists are committed to advancing research methods that account for power imbalances in fieldwork, such as through community‐based and participatory approaches. And a substantial number also teach a wider array of methods and techniques that open new career pathways for anthropologists. Overall, our study reveals a core set of ethnographic practices—loosely, participant‐observation, informal interviews, and the experiential immersion of the ethnographer—while also highlighting the great breadth of cultural anthropological research practice and pedagogy. The findings presented here can help inform how current and future anthropological practitioners and educators position themselves to meet the ever‐changing demands of community members, funders, clients, collaborators, and students.
Ocular effects of exposure to low‐humidity environment with contact lens wear: A pilot study
Authors: Vaughan Megan , García‐Porta Nery , Tabernero Juan , Gantes‐Nuñez Javier , Artal Pablo , Pardhan Shahina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeTo compare the ocular effects of exposure to a low‐humidity environment with and without contact lens (CL) wear using various non‐invasive tests.MethodsFourteen habitual soft CL wearers were exposed to controlled low humidity (5% relative humidity [RH]) in an environmental chamber for 90 min on two separate occasions. First, when wearing their habitual spectacles and then, on a separate visit, when wearing silicone hydrogel CLs that were fitted specifically for this purpose. All participants had adapted to the new CL prior to data collection. Three non‐invasive objective measurements were taken at each visit: blinking rate, objective ocular scatter (measured using the objective scatter index) and ocular surface cooling rate (measured using a long‐wave infrared thermal camera). At each visit, measurements were taken before the exposure in comfortable environmental conditions (RH: 45%), and after exposure to environmental stress (low humidity, RH: 5%).ResultsCL wearers showed increased blinking rate (p < 0.005) and ocular scatter (p = 0.03) but similar cooling rate of the ocular surface (p = 0.08) when compared with spectacle wear in comfortable environmental conditions. The exposure to low humidity increased the blinking rate significantly with both types of corrections (p = 0.01). Interestingly, ocular scatter (p = 0.96) and cooling rate (p = 0.73) were not significantly different before and after exposure to low humidity. There were no significant two‐way interactions between correction and exposure in any of the measurements.ConclusionsCLs significantly increased the blinking rate, which prevented a quick degradation of the tear film integrity as it was refreshed more regularly. It is hypothesised that the increased blinking rate in CL wearers aids in maintaining ocular scatter quality and cooling rate when exposed to a low‐humidity environment. These results highlight the importance of blinking in maintaining tear film stability.
Elucidating left atrial electrical potential with microelectrode catheter: A case of coronary sinus ostial atresia with small persistent left superior vena cava
Authors: Kimura Kohki , Harita Takeshi , Haruna Tetsuya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA 51‐year‐old woman presented with recurring palpitations. Electrocardiography revealed narrow QRS tachycardia with short RP configuration. Computed tomography showed coronary sinus (CS) ostial atresia along with a small persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC). Electrophysiological study identified the retrograde earliest atrial activation site (EAAS) at the CS ostium without decremental properties, and para‐Hisian pacing suggested retrograde atrioventricular nodal conduction. Using a 1.6‐Fr microelectrode catheter distally placed in the CS via the PLSVC, EAAS was confirmed within the left atrium, not the CS ostium. Transseptal approach revealed a left lateral accessory pathway, which was successfully eliminated.
Transvenous lead advancement in pediatric pacing to overcome growth‐induced lead straightening and stretching
Authors: Silvetti Massimo Stefano , Porco Luigina , Campisi Marta , Pazzano Vincenzo , Tamburri Ilaria , Saputo Fabio Anselmo , Silvetti Giacomo , Ravà Lucilla , Drago Fabrizio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe stretching of the lead caused by somatic growth may lead to complications (dislodgement, fracture, failure) of transvenous leads implanted in pediatric patients. Atrial loop and absorbable ligatures may prevent it. Periodical lead advancement with lead pushing from the pocket may be an option to growth‐induced stretching. Our aim was to analyze retrospectively the outcome of periodical transvenous lead advancement in children with pacemaker (PM).MethodsA procedure of lead advancement was performed in patients with a single‐chamber PM implanted for isolated congenital complete atrioventricular block or sinus node dysfunction with growth‐induced lead straightening/stretching. The PM pocket was opened, the lead was released from subcutaneous adherences and was gently advanced to shape again a loop/semi‐loop in the atrium without dislodging the tip. Lead data (threshold, sensing, impedance) were compared before and after the procedure. Data are described as median (25th–75th centiles).Results14 patients with 13 VVIR and 1 AAIR PM implanted at 6.8 (5.9–8.0) years of age, 23 (19–26) kg, 118 (108–124) cm, underwent 30 advancement procedures, 1.5 (1.0–2.3) per patient, during follow‐up [45 (35–63) months]. Delta between procedures was: 18 (14–25) months, 11 (7–13) cm, 6 (4–9) kg; 90% of leads were successfully advanced without complications. Three unsuccessful procedures occurred with longer times [30 (14–37) months]. Electrical lead parameters did not show significant differences pre‐/post‐procedures.Conclusionthe advancement of transvenous leads in children seems safe and effective. This procedure may be another possible choice to preserve transvenous lead position and function until growth has completed.
Rice bundle sheath cell shape is regulated by the timing of light exposure during leaf development
Authors: Plackett Andrew R. G. , Hibberd Julian M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPlant leaves contain multiple cell types which achieve distinct characteristics whilst still coordinating development within the leaf. The bundle sheath possesses larger individual cells and lower chloroplast content than the adjacent mesophyll, but how this morphology is achieved remains unknown. To identify regulatory mechanisms determining bundle sheath cell morphology we tested the effects of perturbing environmental (light) and endogenous signals (hormones) during leaf development of Oryza sativa (rice). Total chloroplast area in bundle sheath cells was found to increase with cell size as in the mesophyll but did not maintain a ‘set‐point’ relationship, with the longest bundle sheath cells demonstrating the lowest chloroplast content. Application of exogenous cytokinin and gibberellin significantly altered the relationship between cell size and chloroplast biosynthesis in the bundle sheath, increasing chloroplast content of the longest cells. Delayed exposure to light reduced the mean length of bundle sheath cells but increased corresponding leaf length, whereas premature light reduced final leaf length but did not affect bundle sheath cells. This suggests that the plant hormones cytokinin and gibberellin are regulators of the bundle sheath cell‐chloroplast relationship and that final bundle sheath length may potentially be affected by light‐mediated control of exit from the cell cycle.
Dynamic measurement of a long‐distance moving object using multi‐binocular high‐speed videogrammetry with adaptive‐weighting bundle adjustment
Authors: Tong Xiaohua , Gao Yi , Ye Zhen , Xie Huan , Chen Peng , Shi Haibo , Liu Ziqi , Liu Xianglei , Xu Yusheng , Huang Rong , Liu Shijie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe dynamic measurement of position and attitude information of a long‐distance moving object is a common demand in ground testing of aerospace engineering. Due to the movement from far to near and the limitations of camera resolution, it is necessary to use multi‐binocular cameras for segmented observation at different distances. However, achieving accurate and continuous position and attitude estimation is a challenging task. Therefore, this paper proposes a dynamic monitoring technique for long‐distance movement based on a multi‐binocular videogrammetric system. Aiming to solve the problem that the scale in images changes constantly during the moving process, a scale‐adaptive tracking method of circular targets is presented. Bundle adjustment (BA) with joint segments using an adaptive‐weighting least‐squares strategy is developed to enhance the measurement accuracy. The feasibility and reliability of the proposed technique are validated by a ground testing of relative measurement for spacecraft rendezvous and docking. The experimental results indicate that the proposed technique can obtain the actual motion state of the moving object, with a positioning accuracy of 3.2 mm (root mean square error), which can provide a reliable third‐party verification for on‐orbit measurement systems in ground testing. Compared with the results of BA with individual segments and vision measurement software PhotoModeler, the accuracy is improved by 45% and 30%, respectively.
Investigating the role of corrole as an excitation energy relay in light‐induced processes in closely connected N,N'‐bis(biphenyl‐4‐yl)aniline functionalized corrole donor–acceptor dyad
Authors: Chuncha Vijaykumar , Achary Balahoju Shivaprasad , Dutta Snigdha , Giribabu Lingamallu , Chitta Raghu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA photosynthetic antenna‐reaction center model, BBA‐PFCor comprised of N,N'‐bis(biphenyl‐4‐yl)aniline (BBA) covalently functionalized to bis(pentafluoro)corrole moiety has been prepared and the contribution of the BBA as the photoinduced energy transfer antenna was investigated. UV–visible studies have shown that integrating the electron‐rich BBA chromophore into the corrole core has broadened the soret band of the corrole moiety with the absorption spanning from 300 to 700 nm. Electrochemical studies, in corroboration with the computational calculations, revealed that, BBA moiety can act as an electron reservoir and, in the excited state, it would transfer the excited energy to the corrole moiety in the dyad. Steady‐state fluorescence studies have demonstrated that, upon photoexcitation of the BBA moiety of BBA‐PFCor at 310 nm in solvents of varied polarity, the BBA emission centered at 400 nm was observed to be quenched, with the concomitant appearance of the corrole emission from 500 to 700 nm, indicating the happening of photoinduced energy transfer (PEnT) from 1BBA* to corrole moiety. Parallel control experiments involving the excitation of the corrole moiety at 410 nm did not result in the diminishing of the corrole emission, suggesting that the quenching of the BBA emission in BBA‐PFCor is majorly due to intramolecular PEnT from 1BBA* to corrole moiety leading to the formation of singlet excited corrole, that is, 1BBA*‐PFCor ➔ BBA‐1PFCor*. The free energy changes of PEnT, ΔGEnT, were found to be thermodynamically feasible in all the solvents used for the study. Parallel time‐resolved fluorescence studies were congruent with the steady‐state fluorescence results and provided further evidence for the occurrence of ultrafast PEnT from 1BBA*➔corrole in the dyad with the rates of energy transfer (kEnT) of ~108 s−1.
Mathematical practices are everywhere: The intersections of pre‐service teacher claims, non‐mathematics‐education faculty claims, and observable actions
Authors: Lloyd Mary Elizabeth R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMathematics traditionally has been taught in a way that reifies the cultural belief that it is discrete in nature and, therefore, irrelevant to other content areas and the real world. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, inclusive of mathematics teacher educators, views this belief as unproductive to learning and has stressed the need for students to make connections between mathematical content areas, to other disciplines, and to the real world. Unfortunately, many teacher‐preparation programs (TPPs) structurally are organized with overt divisions between content areas, which likely perpetuates the belief that mathematics is disconnected and irrelevant. Nonetheless, this project was motivated by the hope that at the individual classroom level within such TPPs, non‐mathematics teacher educators (TEs) were integrating mathematical practices and, thus, assisting in changing this unproductive belief. An analysis was completed of a three‐part, data‐collection process of (a) 180 pre‐service teachers' assignments requiring that they align activities from non‐mathematics education courses with mathematical practices; (b) 16 TEs' questionnaire data on how they use mathematical practices in their instruction; and (c) 11 full‐class, video‐taped observations of TEs teaching. Findings revealed that TEs do implement mathematical practices but do not claim always that this is what they are doing.
A new approach for modelling weed suppression of cover crops
Authors: Gerhards Roland , Schumacher Matthias , Merkle Michael , Malik Waqas Ahmed , Piepho Hans‐Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCover cropping plays an important role in Integrated Weed Management (IWM). Weed suppression of cover crops occurs by competition, physical barrier on the soil and allelopathy. Under favourable growing conditions, cover crops can provide similar weed suppression in the autumn‐to‐spring period as repeated stubble tillage and non‐selective herbicides. The objective of this study was to test if cover crop species with higher allelopathic potential can suppress weeds in the field with less shoot biomass than cover crop species with lower allelopathic effects. Data of cover crop shoot biomass, percentage of weed suppression in the field and reduction of weed seed germination in petri‐dish bioassays treated with cover crop extracts were analysed from 11 experiments. Weed suppression in relation to cover crop biomass was better predicted by a Weibul three‐parameter model than with the Cousens model. Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus, Sinapis alba, Fagopyrum esculentum and Phacelia tanacetifolia needed at least three‐fold more biomass than Avena strigosa for 80% weed suppression. Vicia sativa had the lowest weed reduction of only 62%. Aqueous extracts of A. strigosa had the highest inhibiting effect on weed seed germination followed by R. sativus. The lowest effect was observed for P. tanacetifolia. It is assumed that for A. strigosa allelopathy strongly contributes to weed suppression whereas for P. tanacetifolia and other cover crops, competition plays the major role for weed suppression. The model can help growers and consultants to mix cover crop species for the autumn‐to‐spring period. Under dry conditions, species such as A. strigosa can provide high weed suppression with low biomass. Under moist conditions, rapidly growing cover crops such as S. alba suppress most weeds and deliver high biomass.
A notion of seminormalization for real algebraic varieties
Authors: Bernard François 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe seminormalization of an algebraic variety is the biggest variety linked to by a finite, birational, and bijective morphism. In this paper, we introduce a variant of the seminormalization, suited for real algebraic varieties, called the R‐seminormalization. This object has a universal property of the same kind as the one of the seminormalization but related to the real closed points of the variety. In a previous paper, the author studied the seminormalization of complex algebraic varieties using rational functions that extend continuously to the closed points for the Euclidean topology. We adapt some of those results here to the R‐seminormalization, and we provide several examples. We also show that the R‐seminormalization modifies the singularities of a real variety by normalizing the purely complex points and seminormalizing the real ones.
Growth and mortality of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Authors: Koblížek Michal , Ferrera Isabel , Kolářová Eva , Duhamel Solange , Popendorf Kimberly J. , Gasol Josep M. , Van Mooy Benjamin A. S. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria harvest light energy using bacteriochlorophyll-containing reaction centers to supplement their mostly heterotrophic metabolism. While their abundance and growth have been intensively studied in coastal environments, much less is known about their activity in oligotrophic open ocean regions. Therefore, we combined
in situ
sampling in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, north of O'ahu island, Hawaii, with two manipulation experiments. Infra-red epifluorescence microscopy documented that AAP bacteria represented approximately 2% of total bacteria in the euphotic zone with the maximum abundance in the upper 50 m. They conducted active photosynthetic electron transport with maximum rates up to 50 electrons per reaction center per second. The
in situ
decline of bacteriochlorophyll concentration over the daylight period, an estimate of loss rates due to predation, indicated that the AAP bacteria in the upper 50 m of the water column turned over at rates of 0.75–0.90 d
−1
. This corresponded well with the specific growth rate determined in dilution experiments where AAP bacteria grew at a rate 1.05 ± 0.09 d
−1
. An amendment of inorganic nitrogen to obtain N:P = 32 resulted in a more than 10 times increase in AAP abundance over 6 days. The presented data document that AAP bacteria are an active part of the bacterioplankton community in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and that their growth was mostly controlled by nitrogen availability and grazing pressure.

IMPORTANCE
Marine bacteria represent a complex assembly of species with different physiology, metabolism, and substrate preferences. We focus on a specific functional group of marine bacteria called aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs. These photoheterotrophic organisms require organic carbon substrates for growth, but they can also supplement their metabolic needs with light energy captured by bacteriochlorophyll. These bacteria have been intensively studied in coastal regions, but rather less is known about their distribution, growth, and mortality in the oligotrophic open ocean. Therefore, we conducted a suite of measurements in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre to determine the distribution of these organisms in the water column and their growth and mortality rates. A nutrient amendment experiment showed that aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs were limited by inorganic nitrogen. Despite this, they grew more rapidly than average heterotrophic bacteria, but their growth was balanced by intense grazing pressure.