bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Electrical Properties of Microcrystalline Selenium. I. Chlorine-doped Selenium
Authors: Araki Tsuneo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The resistivity of microcrystalline selenium doped with chlorine was changed by heat treatment. The results were in fairly good accord with the measurements obtained by Schweickert. Selenium doped with chlorine had the same characteristics as that doped with iodine or bromine.
2. The results of microscopic observation showed that the grain size became smaller with the higher chlorine concentration. This tendency was similar to that found in iodineor bromine-doped selenium.
3. The resistivity variation with temperatures below room temperature was affected by the heat treatment of the specimen. The effect was greater for the specimen free from chlorine.
4. Carrier concentrations were obtained from the measurement of capacity and also from the thermoelectric power. These two methods gave results which were in agreement with each other. The concentrations were shown to be increased at low temperatures.
A Study of the Properties of Mixed Solutions of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Dodecyl Alcohol
Authors: Tokiwa Furnikatsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Measurements have been made of the electrical conductivity and the viscosity of mixed solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dodecyl alcohol (DA). The addition of DA caused a lowering of the conductance, a phenomenon probably related to the formation of a complex composed of SDS and DA, but it did not essentially alter the form of the Λ−\sqrtc curves up to 0.3 mol. fraction of DA in SDS-DA. The Λ−\sqrtc curves of the mixed solution exhibit a break point which corresponds to a critical concentration of SDS, up to a 0.3 mol. fraction of DA in SDS-DA; the break point becomes obscure when the amount of DA present is larger than this value. The effect of the amount of DA on the critical concentration was not very large in this experiment.
The variation of the conductance and viscosity with the temperature was measured on the solution of SDS with varying concentrations of DA. For the solution of SDS without DA, the product of the conductance and the viscosity is almost independent of the temperature, while for the mixed solutions the product is dependent on the temperature, especially in the case of the mixed solution containing a considerable amount of DA.
Sterically-hindered Organosilicon Compounds Containing Cyclohexyl Groups. II. Hydrogenation of Phenylsilicon Compounds
Authors: Takakusa Michio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Tricyclohexylbutylsilane, tetracyclohexylsilane and tricyclohexylphenylsilane were prepared by hydrogenation of triphenylbutylsilane and phenyltricyclohexylsilane and partial hydrogenation of tetraphenylsilane, respectively. Preparation of tricyclohexylisopropylsilane and tricyclohexyl-t-butylsilane was unsuccessful due to failure of obtaining corresponding triphenyl derivatives. An attempt to obtain tricyclohexylcyclohexoxysilane by hydrogenating triphenylphenoxysilane was also unsuccessful. In preparation of highlysubstituted cyclohexylsilicon compounds, the steric factor is of less importance in the hydrogenation process, while it is very much enhanced in reactions with organolithium compounds.
Decomposition of Peroxybenzoic Acid in Solution. VI. Theoretical Consideration of the Induced Decomposition of Peroxides by Radicals
Authors: Tokumaru Katsumi , Simamura Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
On the basis of observations on the induced decomposition of peroxides by radicals, it has been suggested that the interaction of the charge-transfer type, involving the highest occupied molecular orbital in an attacking radical and the 2pσu antibonding orbital around the oxygen to oxygen bond in a molecule of peroxide, contributes to a lowering of the activation energy of reaction. Possible extension of this idea to elucidation of the reactions of peroxides with other reagents has been pointed out.
Studies of Ion Exchange Membranes. XVI. The Preparation of Ion Exchange Membranes by the “Paste Method”
Authors: Mizutani Yukio , Yamane Reiichi , Ihara Hirofumi , Motomura Hiroji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A method for the preparation of ion exchange membranes, called the “paste method”, has been proposed. The pastes prepared from styrene-divinylbenzene-dioctyl phthalate-poly-(vinyl chloride) powder-benzoyl peroxide or from 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine-styrene-divinylbenzene-dioctyl phthalate-poly(vinyl chloride) powder-benzoyl peroxide were coated on rein forcing materials of Teviron fabric and were treated in a hot press to prepare the base membranes, to which the ion exchange groups were then introduced. The ion exchange membranesthus prepared were excellent in electrochemical, mechanical and dimensional properties as well as in appearance.
The A. C. Polarography of Thiamine O-Monophosphate
Authors: Okamoto Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A. C. polarographic studies of TMP, as well as a discussion of the polarographic behavior of TMP compared with that of B1 reported on in a previous paper, were carried out.
TMP showed well-defined peak currents of almost the same Es values as the second peak current of B1 in the region of pH values &lt;10, and obscure second waves were also observed at pH values between 1.75 and 3.00. The relation of the is of the first wave of TMP to the pH value was also similar to the second wave of B1. The wave corresponding to the first wave of B1, however, was not recognized for TMP under any of the conditions studied.
The nature of the first wave of TMP was determined to be that of the diffusion currents, not of the adsorption, kinetic, etc.
The number of electrons discharged could be ascertained by the millicoulometric technique as 9 at pH values &lt;3 and 8 at a pH value of 4. The electrode reaction, therefore, of TMP was considered to be the same as that of B1.
Some explanation of the relation of is to the pH value was attempted by reference to the pK values of TMP obtained from its experimental potentiometric titration curve.
The A. C. Polarography of S-Benzoylthiamine O-Monophosphate
Authors: Okamoto Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polarographic behavior of BTMP was studied using the a. c. polarographic method.
The two peak currents of BTMP in a wide pH value range could be observed definitely. Especially, the observation on the second wave, which was not clearly observed by the d. c. method, could be made.
The variations of the two peak current with the change in pH value were not similar to that of the diffusion currents in that the d. c. first wave height gave the largest value at about the pH value of 5, while the a. c. first wave height was largest at the pH value of 2 and then decreased with the increase in pH value.
The second a. c. wave height showed a maximum value at the pH values between 4 and 5, a minimum at a pH value of about 3, and increased at pH values &lt;3.
The two a. c. waves were recognized to be of the diffusion current, not adsorption or kinetic waves.
The approximation of the diffusion coefficient of BTMP was carried out using the d. c. reduction wave of S-p-nitrobenzoylthiamine O-monophosphate (NBTMP) to give D=522×10−6 cm2 sec−1.
The estimation of the electron number, n, at various pH values on the d. c. first wave of BTMP was made using the value of D, so that it was found that 3 or 4 electrons were discharged in the reduction of BTMP in the acidic solutions.
The calculation of the transfer coefficient, α, and the rate constant, kG, for the first a. c. wave was undertaken by Matsuda’s method, giving, α=0.916, kG=5.75×10−4 cm. sec−1 at a pH value of 1.00, and α=0.430, kG=5.02×10−4 cm. sec−1 at a pH value of 5.5, etc.
The reaction processes of BTMP were estimated again according to the results obtained in this work. For the first wave two splitting mechanisms of the S-acyl bond which produced benzyl alcohol and benzpinacol consuming 4 and 3 electrons respectively, were considered. For the second wave, as no definite discussion could be undertaken on account of the illdefined form of the d. c. wave, it can only be suggested that it is the reduction of the reduction products, TMP. Some of the differences between the second wave of BTMP and the first wave of TMP observed in their pH value −is curves can be explained by the difference in the wave heights of the thiazol type and of the thiol type of TMP and also by the rather slow rate of the thiazol-ring formation of the latter.
Kinetics of the Acid-Catalyzed Decomposition of Trimeric Acetone Peroxide
Authors: Furuya Yoshiaki , Ogata Yoshiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It was confirmed by the iodometry and gas chromatography that one mole of TAPO in acetic acid was decomposed to three moles of acetone and peroxyacetic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid. The rate of the reaction satisfied the first-order equation with a short induction period. The plot of logk vs. Ho gave a straight line with a slope of −1.12. When the concentration of TAPO was high, the amount of peroxyacetic acid was not quantitative, probably because of the transformation of peroxyacetic acid into acetyl peroxide.
The Crystal Structures of Metal 8-Hydroxyquinolinate. I. Copper 8-Hydroxyquinolinate
Authors: Kanamaru Fumikazu , Ogawa Kazuhide , Nitta Isamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of anhydrous copper 8-hydroxyquinolinate has been determined by the two-dimensional Fourier method. It is monoclinic and has been shown to belong to the B21/a space group, with eight molecules in a cell of the dimensions: a=23.66, b=8.72, c=15.30Å and β=117.5. A copper atom is surrounded by four atoms with Cu–N distances of 1.92 and 1.90Å, and Cu–O distances of 2.01 and 2.07Å. Two nitrogen and two oxygen atoms form a square and are coplanar with the copper atom. The closest approach of adjacent chelate molecules occurs along the b axis and in the [101] direction, where the interplanar distances are 3.36, 3.47, and 3.32Å. These chelate molecules are grouped in pairs around the symmetry center at the point of origin with a Cu–Cu bond of 3.45Å. The perpendicular distances between successive dimeric molecules given above are almost the same within the range of experimental error. A π-bond overlapping of molecules is considered to be a part of the binding forces between such layers. The metal-metal bond is presumably the same as that in nickel dimethylglyoxime.
The Normal Vibrations of trans-trans Diacetamide
Authors: Uno Toyozo , Machida Katsunosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A normal coordinate analysis of the in-plane vibrations of diacetamide and of diacetamide-d taking the trans-trans configuration has been undertaken. The calculated frequencies agree well with the observed frequencies for the crystals in form B. The Urey-Bradley force field has been adopted, and the force constants obtained have been interpreted in terms of the difference in resonance structures between amides and imides. It has been shown that the vibrational modes of the characteristic imide frequencies are closely related to the behavior of the corresponding characteristic bands upon the change in the alkyl frameworks attached to the imide group.
The Wetting of Paraffin by Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Decyl, Dodecyl and Tetradecyl Sulfates
Authors: Tsunoda Teruo , Sasaki Tsunetaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The wettability of the paraffin by aqueous solutions of sodium decyl, dodecyl and tetradecyl sulfate have been studied. A slight but distinct discontinuity of the slope in the curve of the cosine of the receding contact angle vs. the surface tension of the solution was observed for the solution of sodium decyl, dodecyl and tetradecyl sulfate. The discontinuity of the slope appeared at the surface tension of about 40 dyn./cm. It was found that the wetting isotherm which had been proposed by the present author, and which had been found valid for the wetting of paraffin by the aqueous solution of fatty alcohol homologues, was also valid for this experiment in the dilute aqueous solution of sodium alkyl sulfates. The adsorption energy was 588.9 cal./mol. CH2 and 534.7 cal./ mol. for the paraffin/solution and air/solution interfaces respectively.
σ Electronic Structures and Some Physicochemical Properties of Halogenated-conjugated Hydrocarbons
Authors: Morokuma Keiji , Fukui Kenichi , Yonezawa Teijiro , Kato Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The simple LCAO MO method previously developed by the present authors has been adopted to the calculation of the σ electronic structures—σ molecular orbitals, their energies, separate and total σ electron densities, etc.— of conjugated halides. The general results of the computation—the so-called inductive effects along σ bonds, the unoccupied levels with the very low energy which is characteristic to halides, and so forth—have been described. Sigma dipole moments and the coupling constants in PQR have been calculated with the σ electron densities obtained and discussed in comparison with the experimental values.
Redox Reaction of Tetrahydrofuran Hydroperoxide
Authors: Murai Shinji , Sonoda Noboru , Tsutsumi Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) Reaction of tetrahydrofuran hydroperoxide with ferrous sulfate produced hexane-1, 6-diol-diformate (13.8%), which was formed by the dimerization of 3-formoxypropyl radical generated from 2-tetrahydrofuranoxy radical, and γ-butyrolactone (31.4%) and 4-hydroxybutanal (trace).
2) In the presence of metal halide, the dimerization of the 3-formoxypropyl radical did not occur and halogenation of the 3-formoxypropyl radical was observed. For example, when tetrahydrofuran hydroperoxide was reacted with cuprous chloride and cupric chloride, 3-formoxypropyl chloride was obtained in a yield of 42.3%.
3) It is worth nothing that under suitable experimental condition the chloro compound was obtained in a good yield.
4) Probable reaction process was discussed.
The Electronic Structures and Antioxidizing Activities of Substituted Phenols
Authors: Morokuma Keiji , Kato Hiroshi , Fukui Kenichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
We have tested several models and their molecular orbital indexes of the rate-determining step of antioxidization by substituted phenols. Some molecular complex models have been found to be rational, though the problem of which of them is actually the true mechanism of the chain-breaking inhibition of autooxidation cannot yet be settled. Another possibility, that the earlier stage of the hydrogen abstraction reaction may be the rate-determining step, cannot yet be abandoned.
The numerical calculations have been carried out on the KDC-I digital computer of Kyoto University.
The Diffusion of Barium in a Rutile Single Crystal
Authors: Nakayama Takashi , Sasaki Tsunetaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) Microscopic and radiotracer studies have been made upon the diffusion of barium into a rutile single crystal.
2) In the microscopic observation, the diffusion layer of barium oxide in the rutile single crystal was confirmed to liquefy above 1300°C due to the formation of a eutectic mixture between both constituents. Below 1300°C solid phase diffusion prevails, and the diffusion layer consists of polycrystalline of a random orientation.
3) The diffusion coefficients of barium oxide in a rutile single crystal were measured by means of the radiotracer method using 133Ba. The diffusion coefficients obtained were 3.5×10−14∼2.4×10−13cm2/sec. in the range of 1100∼1200°C and 1.1×10−12 cm2/sec. at 1300°C. Between 1100°C and 1200°C, small differences seemed to be observed for the values obtained according to the direction of the diffusion in the crystal, but this is not conclusive. The large value of the diffusion coefficient at 1300°C was considered to be due to the liquefaction of the diffusion layer. The energy of activation was calculated to be 43 kcal./mol. (parallel to the c-axis) and 59 kcal./mol. (perpendicular to the c-axis).
Formaldehyde Resins. LXXV. Novolak Resin from p-Chlorophenol and Formaldehyde
Authors: Imoto Minoru , Nakade Shin-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A novolak resin of a higher molecular weight, as described by Burke et al., was not obtained. It was considered that the reaction of p-chlorophenol with s-trioxane proceeded as follows: (1) At first, a normal reaction of novolak formation proceeded. The molecular weight distribution was explained by Imoto’s theoretical equation (120°C, 4 hr.). The analytical value of C1% was rather close to the calculated value. (2) Then “ reformation reaction” started (120°C, 7 hr. and 150°C, 2 hr.).(3) Reformation took place rather vigorously, and the molecular weight distribution became close to Poisson’s distribution (150°C, 8 hr.). (4) A three-dimensional compound was formed, and the molecular weight of the soluble part was lowered (150°C, 11 hr.). (5) The molecular weight of the soluble part increased by the decomposition of the threedimensional compound and by the dehydrochlorination reaction (150°C, 24 hr.).
The Activation Energy of Bromine Absorption by Carbonaceous Materials
Authors: Mukaibo Takashi , Takahashi Yoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the present paper, the temperature dependence of the rate of bromine absorption by the carbonaceous materials has been studied. The apparent energies of activation of the reaction have been found to be 5∼7 kcal./mol. and had a dependence upon the degree of graphitization of carbonaceous materials. The value of the activation energy became smaller with an increase in the degree of graphitization. The results indicate that the mobilities of reactant molecules of the interlamellar compounds increase with the growth of the net plane of graphite crystals.
The saturation concentration of bromine in carbonaceous materials, under a saturated vapor pressure of bromine, was found to decrease with an increase in the temperature at temperatures above 30°C.
On the Permeation of Iodine through Graphite
Authors: Mukaibo Takashi , Takahashi Yoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rate of iodine permeation through graphite has been studied and the following results were obtained:
(1) The process of iodine permeation through graphite has been found to consist mainly of a simple gas flow through the pore volumes, just as in the case of inert gases. The chemical interaction between iodine and graphite has been observed to be negligibly small.
(2) At tempeatures ranging from 90 to 160°C, and under a corresponding pressure of iodine vapor below 400 mmHg the rate of iodine permeation has been observed to be almost linearly proportional to the pressure of iodine. It has been concluded that the Knudsen flow was the predominant element of the total flow.
(3) The ratio of the flow rates for air and iodine, which were interpolated to the value under the same conditions, has been calculated to be 2.68∼2.85, close to the value 2.96, namely (MI2/Mair)1⁄2, as was expected from the Knudsen flow model.
(4) The rate of iodine permeation has been observed to decrease in the presence of argon gas, even in the region of Knudsen flow. It has been found that the rate is roughly inversely proportional to the pressure of argon gas. The “ dusty gas model ” discussed by Evans et al. has been adapted to give a reasonable explanation of this phenomena.
Solvent Effects on the Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of Naphthylamines and Isomeric Aminobenzoic Acids
Authors: Mataga Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The absorption and fluorescence spectra of naphthylamines and isomeric aminobenzoic acids in various solvents have been measured.
From the observed results, the difference in the dipole moments in the fluorescent and ground states respectively, i. e., \overrightarrowΔμ=\overrightarrowμe–\overrightarrowμg, has been estimated for naphthylamines.
The effect of hydrogen bonding between solute and solvent molecules on the spectral shifts has been discussed. The hydrogen bonding between alcohol and amino nitrogen exerts a especially remarkable influence on the spectra, and the reorganization of this hydrogen bond during the life time of the excited solute molecule has been concluded from the observed results.
The intramolecular hydrogen bond of o-aminobenzoic acid considerably decreases the \overrightarrowΔμ value and the effect of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding on the spectra. This result has been explained as due to the charge transfer through the intramolecular hydrogen bond.
The \overrightarrowΔμ values for naphthylamines and naphthols have been calculated using the ASMO CI method and compared with the observed results.
This comparison, together with the theoretical interpretation of the characteristics in the spectra of α- and β-isomers, respectively, has indicated that the lowest excited singlet state in the light absorption is 1Lb, whereas the fluorescent state is 1La in the case of α-naph-thylamine and 1Lb is the relevant excited state for both light absorption and fluorescence in the case of β-naphthylamine and naphthols.
The mechanism of this level reversal has been discussed as being due to the change in the structure of the amino group during the life time of the excited state.
The Separation and Determination of Ruthenium in Fission Products by Liquid-Liquid Extraction with Pyridine
Authors: Kiba Toshiyasu , Miura Akiko , Sugioka Yasuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The present paper has described a method of separating, by liquid-liquid extraction with pyridine, radioactive ruthenium from fission products and technetium in an aqueous solution containing sodium hydroxide and hypochlorite. In the process, ruthenium in various ionic forms and various oxidation states is oxidized to perruthenate with the hypochlorite, and the perruthenate is transferred into pyridine from the aqueous solution. The partition coefficient of perruthenate was estimated for the carrierfree and the carrier-containing cases, as well as for the case where other fission products were present. Good separation of radioactive ruthenium from other fission products was achieved by this method, with a large decontamination factor. The results were examined by a γ-ray spectrum measured at each step of the extraction process.
The Kinetics of Substitution Reactions Involving Metal Complexes. VI. Reaction between Lead(II) and Ethylenediaminetetra-acetatocobaltate(II) Complexes in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Osawa Hisao , Kamada Minoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kinetic study of the substitution reaction of lead(II) and ethylenediaminetetraacetatocobaltate(II) complexes in aqueous solutions has been carried out by a similar method as reported previously. The reaction was found to proceed through four simultaneous reaction paths and to be characterized by involving the dissociation of ethylenediaminetetraacetatocobaltate(II) complexes as a rate-determining process. The rate constants of the rate-determining steps of four reaction paths were determined at ionic strength 0.2 at 5 and 15°C. It was confirmed also that this substitution reaction proceeds through both hydrated and monoacetato lead(II) ions.
Anomalies in the Counting Rate of the Solid Thin Film of Tritiated Lauric Acid in Relation to its Film Structure
Authors: Tajima Kazuo , Sasaki Tsunetaka , Muramatsu Mitsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A thin film of α, β-ditritiated lauric acid CH3(CH2)8(CHT)2COOH deposited from benzene on a stainless steel dish and put in a 2π gas-flow windowless counter gave a counting rate which decreased far more rapidly than was expected from the natural decay of the β-activity of tritium. We observed a distinct break point in the decay curve ten days after the deposition of the film, independent of the amount of sample taken, provided that the film was sufficiently thin.
Various factors, such as impurities, surface migration, exchange reaction and evaporation, were considered to explain the phenomena; among these the evaporation of the lauric acid from the deposited surface film of the composite structure was proved to be the main factor responsible for these phenomena.