bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum folic acid activity(L. casei)in Sephadex gel chromatography
Authors: Markkanen T. , Pajula R.-L. , Himanen P. , Virtanen S. 
Published: June 2007

The folic acid activity (FAA) of the protein zone in DEAE Sephadex A-50 chromatography of normal serum showed the following distribution: most (about 40%) was eluted with protein zone IV (alpha-2-macroglobulin), about 33% with protein zones II-III (transferrin), and the balance with zone V (albumin). In healthy human subjects the variations were relatively small. The repeatability of the chromatography in an individual was good.Towards the end of pregnancy the binding of FAA to protein zones II-III increased, while that to zone IV decreased. The return to normal started a few days after delivery.The binding to zones II-III was greatly increased in patients with pernicious anaemia but no neuropathy. It became normal during B12therapy. If the patient had neuropathy, his FAA chromatogram was close to normal. During therapy the amount of unbound FAA decreased rapidly.The use of diphenylhydantoin increased the binding of FAA to protein zone I and to zones II-III. In these patients the binding to protein zone IV was slighter than normal.
Alloantibodies and Australia antigen after open heart surgery
Authors: Slater S. D. 
Published: June 2007

The development of irregular serum antibodies (alloantibodies) following massive transfusion was studied in 144 patients who had undergone cardiac valve replacement. An overall incidence of alloimmunization of 8·3% was found. Of the 15 antibodies detected nine were Rhesus anti-E and four anti-Kell. The incidence of anti-E formation in Rhesus E-negative patients was 11·4%; the corresponding figure for anti-Kell was 3·2%. The results suggest that the risk of allo-immunization is directly related to the volume of blood transfused, and Rhesus E-negative persons appear to be at particular risk.Australia (Au) antigen investigations were also carried out in 102 of these cases. Three patients were Au antigen positive, one of them developing acute hepatitis. In each case no Au antigen could be detected in the donor blood that was used.It is suggested that tests for alloantibodies and for the Australia antigen should become part of the routine follow-up of any patient receiving massive transfusion.
Normal laboratory values for differential white cell counts established by manual and automated cytochemical methods (Hemalog DTM)
Authors: Simmons A. , Leaverton P. , Elbert G. 
Published: June 2007

The central 95 percentile estimates of the normal white cell types (as determined by a standard differential count) were calculated from 777 normal individuals. The results were divided into groups by age and sex and expressed both as percentages and as absolute numbers of cells.A similar survey was made using the prototype of a new automated differential counting method (Hemalog-DTM).The two sets of laboratory values showed no statistically significant differences regarding age or sex and were strikingly similar in most cell types with the exception of band and juvenile forms of granulocytes. As expected, the normal range using the manual technique was somewhat broader than that found with the automated method. In addition to being the first comparison of machine counts with visual differentials this study provides additional insight into the age distributions of normal cells.
Candida precipitins in pregnant women: validity of the test systems used
Authors: Stanley Valerie C. , Hurley Rosalinde 
Published: June 2007

Sera from 200 pregnant women, with symptoms suggestive of vaginitis and harbouring yeast in the vagina, were examined for precipitating antibodies to three antigens ofC. albicans, using a gel double diffusion test. A high overall incidence of precipitin-positive sera (47.5%) was found compared with an incidence of 18% in the unselected pregnant population previously studied (Stanley, Hurley, and Carroll 1972).Using the clinicopathological criteria of Carroll, Hurley, and Stanley (1973), a final aetiological diagnosis ofC. albicansmycosis was reached in 75 cases and precipitins were demonstrated in 64%. Forty-eight women harbouringC. albicansresponded favourably to a single course of antifungal treatment, and probably had mycotic vaginitis. The incidence of precipitins in this group was 42%.C. albicanswas isolated from a further 55 of 62 patients, in whom the incidence of precipitins was 32%.`Booking' sera were investigated from 50 of the 200 women studied. Sixty-four per cent of women had symptoms of vaginitis at booking and 32% were precipitin positive. Twenty-eight per cent had precipitins on both occasions, and a further 24% acquired candida precipitins during pregnancy.None of the seven newborn with oral or skin thrush had precipitins toC. albicans.The results indicate that the detection of precipitating antibodies toC. albicans, particularly to all three of the antigens described in this paper, would be a useful additional criterion in the diagnosis of candida vaginitis, particularly if the vaginitis were persistent, recurrent, or unresponsive to therapy. The sensitivity of the test system used was 64%, and its specificity 87%; as such, the test is valid and may be reasonably useful as a screening procedure.
Leucocyte migration inhibition in liver disease
Authors: Vergani C. , Oldoni T. , Dioguardi N. 
Published: June 2007

Clinical and histological features provide evidence that immunological reactions of the cell-mediated type are abnormal in some forms of chronic liver disease. By using the leucocyte migration test of Søborg and Bendixen (1967), a correlate of cellular hypersensitivityin vitro, the authors studied the production of the migration inhibitory factor by lymphocytes exposed to a fetal liver homogenate in 88 patients with acute and chronic liver disease. Abnormality of leucocyte migration was found in aggressive chronic hepatitis (inhibition in 67% of patients), cryptogenic cirrhosis (inhibition in 43%, stimulation in 13% of patients), and primary biliary cirrhosis (stimulation in two, inhibition in two out of six patients).The results are compatible with the hypothesis that cellular immune response to liver antigens is important in the pathogenesis of such diseases.
An assessment of serum acid and alkaline phosphatase determinations in prostatic cancer with a clinical validation of an acid phosphatase assay utilizing adenosine 3′ -monophosphate as substrate
Authors: Goldberg David M. , Ellis Graham 
Published: June 2007

Serum acid phosphatase (AcPase) was measured by a colorimetric method utilizing adenosine 3′ -monophosphate as substrate in 389 patients. In about half the cases blood was taken shortly after a rectal examination. The upper reference limit (mean + 2SD) for 116 cases with miscellaneous illness after eliminating outliers was 4·1 International Units per litre (U/I) at 37°C, and no correlation existed between AcPase activity and age in these subjects (r = 0·040). Eight of 18 patients with untreated carcinoma confined within the prostate gland had AcPase activities below 4·1 U/l, and all of 27 cases with extension to pelvic soft tissues or to bone exceeded this value. AcPase activities above 4·1 U/l were found in 6% of cases with benign hypertrophy of the prostate, in 5% of cases with non-prostatic cancer, and in none of 22 cases with other urological illness.Raised serum alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity was found in 60% of patients with untreated prostatic cancer and in only 6% of patients free of prostatic cancer, in most of whom there was a clinical explanation for the elevation. The correlation between the two phosphatase activities was not significant (r = 0·294). While APase activity does not reflect the stage of the disease as closely as AcPase activity, and is not so frequently elevated, it provided useful confirmation of the diagnosis in five patients of the present series whose AcPase levels were normal or only minimally elevated.
Evaluation of new kits for the assessmentin vitroof thyroid function by determination of serum total thyroxine, free TBG capacity, and free thyroxine index using Sephadex G-25 and125I-labelled triiodothyronine and thyroxine
Authors: Howorth P. J. N. , McKerron C. G. 
Published: June 2007

A trial was carried out on 134 patients of new kits (Ames Co) using columns of Sephadex G-25 for the determination of serum total thyroxine (Tetralute test) and for the indirect estimation of serum free thyroxine-binding globulin capacity (Trilute test). Both new methods were quicker and easier than the reference resin methods and of similar precision. The two measurements when combined to give a free thyroxine index (Trilute-Tetralute-FTI) increased further the diagnostic discrimination and usefulness of the tests.The method for the determination of serum thyroxine can be modified to give a direct estimate of serum free thyroxine, expressed as a free thyroxine index. This new single-column technique, called the `single-column free thyroxine index', gave a good correlation with clinical thyroid status in a preliminary trial of 45 patients.
The cerebrospinal fluid in acute leukaemia of childhood: studies with the Cytocentrifuge
Authors: Evans D. I. K. , O'Rourke Colleen , Jones Patricia Morris 
Published: June 2007

The Cytocentrifuge enables a satisfactory cytological preparation to be made when the cells in the cerebrospinal fluid are normal in number or only slightly increased. A technique has been developed and the results of its use are described in 114 consecutive samples from 50 children with acute leukaemia, with and without involvement of the central nervous system.Analysis of the results showed that 30% of the samples with a normal cell count contained leukaemic cells when examined by Cytocentrifuge. Only 74% of the samples with raised counts were found to contain leukaemic cells. Diagnosis of leukaemic meningitis based on changes in the cell count alone in cerebrospinal fluid is clearly unreliable, and the Cytocentrifuge enables a more precise assessment of the cerebrospinal fluid to be made.It also appears that changes in the levels of protein and glucose in the cerebrospinal fluid of leukaemic patients are not directly related to the presence of leukaemic cells but are the results of changes in the cell count from whatever cause. There appears to be no value in measuring protein and glucose levels when monitoring the cerebrospinal fluid in acute leukaemia for evidence of early involvement of the central nervous system.
Preparation of test cells for the antiglobulin test
Authors: Stratton Fred , Rawlinson Violet I. 
Published: June 2007

Erythrocytes may be coated with blood group antibodies with or without reacting complement or sometimes apparently with complement alone. This may occurin vivoin such conditions as autoimmune acquired haemolytic anaemia, haemolytic disease of the newborn, or after transfusions of incompatible blood. It may occurin vitroalso by the deliberate sensitization of erythrocytes during laboratory serological investigations.Blood group antibodies may be of immunoglobulin types γM, γA, or γG; we have never seen γD antibodies. The presence of these antibodies on the erythrocyte surface, together with complement components or the presence of complement components alone, may be detected by the direct antiglobulin test where sensitization occursin vivoor by the indirect antiglobulin test where there is sensitizationin vitro.
Gram-positive, motile, cluster-forming cocci as a cause of urinary infection
Authors: Virtanen S. 
Published: June 2007

One hundred and thirteen strains of motile, Gram-positive, catalase-positive, cluster-forming cocci were isolated from patients with urinary infection attending a private surgery. They constituted 1% of the total 11 302 positive cultures. The biochemical characteristics and the drug sensitivities of the strains are described. The significance of motility for organisms which cause urinary infections is pointed out.At the present time the organisms isolated are orphans in the controversial classification of staphylococci and micrococci.
Immunofluorescence staining for the diagnosis of herpes encephalitis
Authors: Tomlinson A. H. , Chinn I. J. , MacCallum F. O. 
Published: June 2007

Direct immunofluorescence staining for herpes simplex virus was applied to cryostat sections of 43 specimens removed at brain biopsy. Herpes antigen was found in 10 specimens and virus was isolated from them. Antigen was found in one specimen from which virus was not isolated. Two specimens from which virus was isolated gave equivocal fluorescence. Thirty specimens gave no fluorescence or live virus. Immunofluorescence provided a diagnosis in three hr compared with 24-42 hr for virus isolation.Indirect immunofluorescence staining was applied to sections of brain removed at necropsy and fixed in formalin. Herpes antigen was found in sections of six of the 12 brains examined.
Pathological features of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Davies M. J. , Pomerance Ariela , Teare R. D. 
Published: June 2007

The macroscopic features of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy are variable. The most easily recognized picture is of disproportionate and asymmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy with a small ventricular volume. Symmetrical ventricular hypertrophy also occurs and dilatation of the ventricular cavity may lead to a configuration more usually associated with congestive cardiomyopathy. Papillary muscle involvement leads to a bullet shape, often retained even when the ventricle dilates. Eighteen of the hearts showed a distinctive band of fibrous thickening below the aortic valve. This was a mirror image of the free edge of the anterior mitral cusp, had the microscopic features of an endocardial friction lesion, and was clearly the morphological expression of the systolic contact between cusp and septum seen on cineangiography. This band is characteristic of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy; it was more common in older patients and is of particular diagnostic value in cases with symmetrical hypertrophy, including those with dilated ventricular cavities.Sudden death was the commonest presentation in the younger cases but in several cases over 60 years at death hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy was an incidental necropsy finding.
Diagnostic electron microscopy of faeces
Authors: Flewett T. H. , Bryden A. S. , Davies Heather 
Published: June 2007

A method is described for examining viruses in faeces by direct electron microscopy using negative staining. The particles found in a group of patients with gastroenteritis and a group with other conditions are compared. Small particles in the range of sizes covering parvoviruses and enteroviruses were found about as frequently in each group.Many of these were probably bacteriophages. Many bacteriophages with tails of various sizes and lengths were found. Adenoviruses were found in five of eight patients from whom they were isolated. Reovirus- (or orbivirus-) like particles were found associated with some gastroenteritis patients.
Failure to demonstrate an advantage in combining sulphamethoxazole with trimethoprim in an experimental model of urinary infection
Authors: Anderson J. D. , Lacey R. W. , Lewis E. L. , Sellin M. A. 
Published: June 2007

Co-trimoxazole was found to have a predominantly bacteriostatic effect upon 28 urinary isolates ofEnterobacteriaceaein nutrient broth and was never bactericidal in artificially infected urine. The components of co-trimoxazole were tested individually and trimethoprim was found to be at least as effective as co-trimoxazole in nutrient broth and in urine. Trimethoprim alone produced some bactericidal effect in urine but this was antagonized by sulphamethoxazole.Laboratory tests for evaluating these drugs may give a misleading impression of their activityin vivo.Further clinical comparisons should therefore be made between trimethoprim and cotrimoxazole to determine when trimethoprim should be used in preference to the combination.
Central nuclear counts in muscle fibres before and during treatment in hypothyroid myopathy
Authors: McKeran R. O. , Ward P. , Slavin G. , Paul E. A. 
Published: June 2007

Serial percutaneous needle muscle biopsies of vastus lateralis were studied in 10 patients who had varying degrees of hypothyroid myopathy. The biopsies were taken before and during treatment withl-thyroxine. Before treatment the most severely clinically affected patients showed type II muscle fibre atrophy and loss, together with increased central nuclear counts preferentially affecting the type II muscle fibre. Both the type II muscle fibre atrophy and loss and the increased central nuclear counts tended to return towards normal values during treatment withl-thyroxine. The severity of myopathic symptoms before and during treatment correlated with the biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism, a type II fibre atrophy, and increased central nuclear counts. The severity of myopathic signs before and during treatment was correlated with both a type II fibre atrophy and loss and increased central nuclear counts. There was no evidence that the myopathic signs before and during treatment were related to the biochemical parameters of hypothyroidism, except the level of thyroid stimulating hormone.It is suggested that sequential studies of muscle fibre percentages, diameters, and central nuclear counts may provide an additional method of assessing the response to treatment in hypothyroid and possibly other types of myopathy. When increased central nuclear counts are confined to a specific muscle fibre type, this may suggest a hitherto unsuspected specificity of muscle fibre damage.
Handwashing and antiseptic-containing soaps in hospital
Authors: Jarvis J. D. , Wynne C. D. , Enwright L. , Williams J. D. 
Published: June 2007

Two aspects of handwashing in hospital were considered. A study was carried out to examine the contamination of bar soap and containers, and the use of antiseptic soaps in reducing the resident flora of the skin. Swabs were collected from soap dishes on six wards and from a bacteriology laboratory on four consecutive days. The unmedicated bar soap was replaced by bar soap containing 2·5% povidone-iodine, and further swabs were collected over a period of seven days. Ninety-two isolates from 48 samples were obtained when unmedicated bar soap was used, and nine isolates from 42 samples when povidone-iodine (Betadine) soap was substituted. The number of organisms recovered when povidone-iodine soap was used was much reduced, andPseudomonasspp were recovered in low numbers on only one occasion.Six laboratory workers took part in a study to compare bar soap with other agents—povidone-iodine soap, povidone-iodine surgical scrub, povidone-iodine alcoholic solution, chlorhexidine surgical scrub, and alcoholic chlorhexidine. Samples were collected after standard washes and after surgical gloves had been worn for 90 minutes. The effect of multiple washes was assessed by samples collected after six washes with the agent under study (three per day) followed by 90 minutes wearing surgical gloves. The average percentage reduction in normal flora obtained indicated that alcoholic chlorhexidine was superior to the other agents.
Prognostic value of tumour thickness in cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Jeffrey Iona , Royston Patrick , Sowter Christopher , Slavin Gerard , Price Ashley , Pomerance Ariela , Goolamali Saleem , Pinto Dominic 
Published: June 2007

The relation between survival and histological features in 91 patients with malignant melanoma was studied and the results were analysed by Clayton's method for interpretation of censored survival data. There was a significant correlation between tumour thickness and survival. The risk of dying from malignant melanoma after 10 years of follow up was less than 15% if the primary tumour was less than 1·5 mm thick but more than 80% if the lesion was thicker than 8 mm.The type of melanoma, level of invasion, mitotic rate, and presence of ulceration also correlated with survival, but these variables are related to tumour thickness.
Incarnation as Awakening: Katsumi Takizawa Reading Karl Barth
Authors: Hennecke Susanne 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis contribution deals with the thinking of the Buddhist philosopher and Christian theologian Katsumi Takizawa (1909-1984) on incarnation. Firstly, it gives a short biographical and theological introduction to Takizawa, who was influenced not only by the "father" of the so-called dialectical theology, Karl Barth, but also by one of the famous figures of the Kyoto-school, the philosopher Kitaro Nishida.This contribution concentrates, secondly, on Takizawa's the-anthropological re-interpretation of the incarnation. It is argued that for Takizawa incarnation has to be seen as an awakening of the historical Jesus (or other historical phenomena) to what he calls the original fact: the eternal relationship between God and man.Thirdly, this contribution discusses the the-anthropological thinking of Takizawa about incarnation in five short points. Apart from the positive challenges of Takizawa's thinking especially for the theology of Karl Barth, it marks clearly the most thrilling point between Takizawa's thinking on the one side and that of scholars in Barthian theology on the other side. The open question that comes up is if incarnation really can be thought without a historical mediation or mediator, as Takizawa seems to claim.
'And it is Really Thanks to You that We Are Saved …' An African Discourse on Conversion and the Creation of a Modern Myth
Authors: Drønen Tomas Sundnes 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article seeks to analyse why young members of the Dii people in Adamawa, Northern Cameroon, in middle decades of the 20th century converted to Christianity, presented to them by Norwegian missionaries. Through the Dii discourse curiosity connected to the new message, importance of the mission schools, the attitude of the missionaries, and the importance of improved social status are presented as reasons behind conversion. In addition, Dii self-narration presents liberation from social oppression, from the Muslim dominant Fulbe and the French colonial administration, as the main reason behind the Dii change of plausibility structure. In order to legitimise the social and religious changes that followed acceptance of Christianity, the Norwegian missionaries were turned into mythic heroes of liberation and used by the new Dii elite to strengthen ethnic boundaries through a Dii 'construction' of recent historical past.
Reforming Church Space: Altarpieces and Their Functions in Early Modern Transylvania
Authors: Crăciun Maria 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFocused on an analysis of surviving late medieval religious art in Transylvanian Lutheran churches, this study wishes to explore the ways in which these images were presented to and viewed by the congregations after the Reformation of the Saxon community. The article considers the connection between these artifacts and the ritual context that framed them whilst assessing their ability to shape different patterns of piety and a new confessional identity. Drawing mostly on visual evidence, the study also relies on an exploration of the records of the synods of the Transylvanian Lutheran Church in order to understand this newly forged religious culture.