bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matching versus cultural competence in research: Methodological considerations
Authors: Sawyer Linda , Regev Hanna , Proctor Susan , Nelson Martha , Messias Deanne , Barnes Donelle , Meleis Afaf Ibrahim 
Published: April 2007

AbstractResearcher/participant matching has been used in nursing research as a strategy for the development of culturally competent knowledge. In this manuscript, the complexities inherent in matching in nursing research are discussed. In raising and discussing issues and questions related to matching, we argue that although matching may be one of the strategies used to generate culturally competent knowledge, it is frequently too complex for operationalization. Therefore, we propose that researchers reflect on questions related to their knowledge of culture, their cultural sensitivity, and the nature of collaboration during every phase of the research. Reflecting on and responding to these questions in every research project may facilitate the development of more culturally competent knowledge. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Triangles and crystals: On the geometry of qualitative research
Authors: Sandelowski Margarete 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTriangulation has become increasingly appealing to researchers in nursing as a device to grasp the complexity of human phenomena, operationalize the holistic elan of nursing, and to accommodate both qualitative and quantitative approaches to inquiry. Yet, a misplaced ecumenicism, definitional drift, and conceptual misappropriation are evident in discussions of triangulation, which has become a technique for everything. Moreover, the triangle is somewhat lacking as image and metaphor for qualitative inquiry. As an idea and technique (in)formed by the triangle, triangulation should be used only to refer to a distinctive strategy for confirmation employed within research paradigms in which convergent and consensual validity are valued, and in which it is deemed appropriate to use information from one source to corroborate another. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Presentation of acute promyelocytic leukemia as granulocytic sarcoma
Authors: Worch Jennifer , Ritter Jörg , Frühwald Michael C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractGranulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a localized tumor composed of immature myeloid cells. This extramedullary tumor can present before, concurrent with or after the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. GS is extremely uncommon in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). As a proportion of patients never develop systemic disease, correct and timely diagnosis may be rather difficult, but is a prerequisite for optimal outcome. GS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children with unusual bone lesions. We describe a patient with GS who presented with symptoms mimicking osteomyelytis or rheumatoid disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:657–660. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of desmopressin in elderly patients in Denmark
Authors: Callréus Torbjörn 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPurposeAgainst the background of the approval of the use of desmopressin in the treatment of nocturia in adults, the aim of the present study was to describe patterns of its use in elderly patients in Denmark from 2000 to 2004.MethodsData were obtained from the Danish Register of Medicinal Product Statistics on nationwide sales of desmopressin and two commonly used measures of drug utilisation: 1‐year prevalence (number of patients treated at least once during 1 year/1000 inhabitants) and therapeutic intensity (Daily Defined Doses (DDD)/1000 inhabitants/day).ResultsIn 2002, the 1‐year prevalence rose ranging from a 5‐fold increase among men aged 60–69 years to a 14‐fold increased prevalence in men ≥90 years. In women, relative increases of the same magnitude were noted. Similarly, marked increases of the therapeutic intensities were observed in both men and women in 2002, this was followed by steady growth in most age groups. By the end of the study period in 2004, the highest therapeutic intensities were observed in men (1.06 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day) and women (0.92 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day) aged 80–89 years.ConclusionAfter approval in 2002 of the use of desmopressin in the management of nocturia in adults, a substantial increased utilisation was observed in patients ≥80 years. Given the high prevalence of risk factors for hyponatremia in these elderly patients, the pattern of utilisation is noteworthy and may need to be reviewed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antidepressants in children and adolescents—changes in utilisation after safety warnings
Authors: Dean Angela J. , Hendy Anna , McGuire Treasure 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackgroundAntidepressants, in particular selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are one of the most commonly used classes of psychotropic drug in children and adolescents. Beginning in June 2003, evidence emerged suggesting that antidepressants may increase risk of suicidal behaviour in young people. This evidence was accompanied by national and international guidelines cautioning against use of many antidepressants in young people. This study aimed to assess whether these safety warnings have impacted upon antidepressant utilisation rates.MethodThis study was based at a metropolitan health service incorporating children's and adult hospitals. Total service utilisation of antidepressants was extracted from pharmacy software for the period January 2002 to December 2005. Monthly utilisation rates were computed for adults and children's services as defined daily doses (DDD) per occupied bed days. Changes in utilisation over time were examined for children and adults.ResultsThere was a significant relationship between time and antidepressant utilisation in children and adolescents, where antidepressant use decreased over time (R = 0.474; t = −3.66; p < 0.01), and in particular, use of SSRIs (R = 0.461; t = −3.52; p < 0.01). In contrast, use of SSRIs (R = 0.587; t = 4.91; p < 0.001) and all antidepressants (R = 0.327; t = 2.35; p < 0.05) increased over time in adults.ConclusionsNational and international warnings about safety of antidepressants in children and adolescents appear to have influenced local utilisation of these medications in young people but not in adults. Further research is required to determine optimal utilisation rates. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Completely discontinuous organic/ inorganic hybrid nanocomposites by self‐curing of nanobuilding blocks constructed from reactions of [HMe2SiOSiO1.5]8 with vinylcyclohexene
Authors: Takamura Norihiro , Viculis Lisa , Zhang Chunxin , Laine Richard M 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe reaction of 4‐vinyl‐1‐cylcohexene with [HMe2SiOSiO1.5]8 provides tetra‐ and octa‐2‐cyclohexenylethyloctasilsesquioxanes. The tetrabifunctional [cyclohexenylethylMe2SiOSiO1.5]4‐[HMe2SiOSiO1.5]4 (average degree of functionalization) melts near 80 °C and can be cast and then cured (by thermal hydrosilylation) into transparent nanocomposite shapes. These materials, while not nanoporous, offer dielectric constants of 2.8–2.9 at 100 kHz to 3 MHz, and are air stable to temperatures ≥ 400 °C. The resulting materials appear (by X‐ray diffraction) to be partially ordered after curing. The octafunctional material also melts at low temperatures (ca 120 °C) and can be copolymerized with hydridosiloxanes to give similar materials with lower thermal stability. The synthesis and characterization of the starting materials is described, as well as thermal curing studies and properties characterization of the resultant nanocomposites. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular modeling study on surface, thermal, mechanical and gas diffusion properties of chitosan
Authors: Prathab B. , Aminabhavi Tejraj M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe motivation of this work is to provide reliable and accurate modeling studies of the physical (surface, thermal, mechanical and gas diffusion) properties of chitosan (CS) polymer. Our computational efforts have been devoted to make a comparison of the structural bulk properties of CS with similar type of polymers such as chitin and cellulose through cohesive energy density, solubility parameter, hydrogen bonding, and free volume distribution calculations. Atomistic modeling on CS polymer using molecular mechanics (MM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations has been carried out in three dimensionally periodic and effective two dimensionally periodic condensed phases. From the equilibrated structures, surface energies were computed. The equilibrium structure of the films shows an interior region of mass density close to the value in the bulk state. Various components of energetic interactions have been examined in detail to acquire a better insight into the interactions between bulk structure and the film surface. MD simulation (NPT ensemble) has also been used to obtain polymer specific volume as a function of temperature. It is demonstrated that these V–T curves can be used to locate the volumetric glass transition temperature (Tg) reliably. The mechanical properties of CS have been obtained using the strain deformation method. Diffusion coefficients of O2, N2, and CO2 gas molecules at 300 K in CS have been estimated. The calculated properties of CS are comparable with the experimental values reported in the literature. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1260–1270, 2007
Monitoring the efficacy and metabolism of phenylcarbamates in sugar beet and black nightshade by chlorophyll fluorescence parameters
Authors: Abbaspoor Majid , Streibig Jens C 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDesmedipham, phenmedipham and a 50% mixture of the two decreased the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and the relative changes at the J step (Fvj) immediately after spraying in both sugar beet and black nightshade grown in the greenhouse. Sugar beet recovered more rapidly from phenmedipham and the mixture than from desmedipham. Desmedipham and the mixture irreversibly affected Fv/Fm and Fvj in black nightshade at much lower doses than in sugar beet. Black nightshade recovered from phenmedipham injury at the highest dose in the first experiment (120 g AI ha−1) but not in the second experiment (500 g AI ha−1). The dry matter dose–response relationships and the energy pipeline presentation confirmed the same trend. There was a relatively good correlation between Fvj taken 1 day after spraying and dry matter taken 2 or 3 weeks after spraying. The differential speed of herbicide metabolism between weed and crop plays an important role in herbicide selectivity and can be studied by using appropriate chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Interaction of S413‐PV cell penetrating peptide with model membranes: relevance to peptide translocation across biological membranes
Authors: Mano Miguel , Henriques Ana , Paiva Artur , Prieto Manuel , Gavilanes Francisco , Simões Sérgio , De Lima Maria C. Pedroso 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been successfully used to mediate the intracellular delivery of a wide variety of molecules of pharmacological interest both in vitro and in vivo, although the mechanisms by which the cellular uptake occurs remain unclear and controversial. Following our previous work demonstrating that the cellular uptake of the S413‐PV CPP occurs mainly through an endocytosis‐independent mechanism, we performed a detailed biophysical characterization of the interaction of this peptide with model membranes. We demonstrate that the interactions of the S413‐PV peptide with membranes are essentially of electrostatic nature. As a consequence of its interaction with negatively charged model membranes, the S413‐PV peptide becomes buried into the lipid bilayer, which occurs concomitantly with significant peptide conformational changes that are consistent with the formation of a helical structure. Comparative studies using two related peptides demonstrate that the conformational changes and the extent of cell penetration are dependent on the peptide sequence, indicating that the helical structure acquired by the S413‐PV peptide is relevant for its nonendocytic uptake. Overall, our data suggest that the cellular uptake of the S413‐PV CPP is a consequence of its direct translocation through cell membranes, following conformational changes induced by peptide‐membrane interactions. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mobility and density of ions in chitosan–orthophosphoric acid–ammonium nitrate electrolytes
Authors: Majid S. R. , Arof A. K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn important factor that contributes significantly to the conductivity of a material is the number density and mobility of the mobile species. In this work the number density of mobile ions, n, was calculated using the Rice and Roth model and the random walk formulation. The value of n as calculated using the Rice and Roth model depends on the activation energy and mean free path of the ions whereas calculation using the random walk formulation depends on the hopping rates of the ions. Our results show that the values of n calculated using the random walk formulation is more than one order of magnitude larger than that calculated using the Rice and Roth model. Unlike mobility, the values of n do not show significant changes with temperature. This suggests that mobility influences the conductivity of the polymer at elevated temperatures. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Singlet oxygen generation in porous silicon with fullerenes
Authors: Pikulev V. B. , Kuznetsov S. N. , Saren A. A. , Gardin Yu. E. , Gurtov V. A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe have studied light‐induced processes in ultra‐thin porous silicon (por‐Si) impregnated with fullerene C60. After insertion of C60 molecules a photoluminescence (PL) is quenched for more than one order of magnitude. No additional EPR defects were detected under fullerene insertion as it was revealed in por‐Si powder. Under illumination in oxygen the PL intensity could be restored to nearly initial level or to yet more. Recovery degree was dependent on oxidation state of por‐Si before C60 insertion. As was observed by ellipsometry a PL recovery is accompanied with oxidation of porous layer. Observed phenomenon is related with known ability of C60 to produce singlet oxygen. We suppose that generation efficiency of fullerenes to produce singlet oxygen is enhanced by energy transfer from photoexcited nanocrystallites. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Further results on porous silicon optical waveguides at 1.55 µm
Authors: Pirasteh P. , Charrier J. , Dumeige Y. , Joubert P. , Haesaert S. , Haji L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe present our recent results on planar and buried waveguides on porous silicon or on oxidized porous silicon. Optical losses were measured and also near‐field observations of guided modes were carried out. Some single mode waveguides with low losses (2 dB/cm) were obtained. The principal contributions of the losses are discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Beam‐type collisional activation of polypeptide cations that survive ion/ion electron transfer
Authors: Han Hongling , Xia Yu , McLuckey Scott A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDoubly protonated peptides that undergo an electron transfer reaction without dissociation in a linear ion trap can be subjected to beam‐type collisional activation upon transfer from the linear ion trap into an adjacent mass analyzer, as demonstrated here with a hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap system. The activation can be promoted by use of a DC offset difference between the ion trap used for reaction and the ion trap into which the products are injected of 12–16 V, which gives rise to energetic collisions between the transferred ions and the collision/bath gas employed in the linear ion trap used for ion/ion reactions. Such a process can be executed routinely on hybrid linear ion trap/triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometers and is demonstrated here with several model peptides as well as a few dozen tryptic peptides. Collisional activation of the peptide precursor ions that survive electron transfer frequently provides structural information that is absent from the precursor ions that fragment spontaneously upon electron transfer. The degree to which additional structural information is obtained by collisional activation of the surviving singly charged peptide ions depends upon peptide size. Little or no additional structural information is obtained from small peptides (<8 residues) due to the high electron transfer dissociation (ETD) efficiencies noted for these peptides as well as the extensive sequence information that tends to be forthcoming from ETD of such species. Collisional activation of the surviving electron transfer products provided greatest benefit for peptides of 8–15 residues. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Higher‐order sliding‐mode observer for state estimation and input reconstruction in nonlinear systems
Authors: Fridman Leonid , Shtessel Yuri , Edwards Christopher , Yan Xing‐Gang 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper, a higher‐order sliding‐mode observer is proposed to estimate exactly the observable states and asymptotically the unobservable ones in multi‐input–multi‐output nonlinear systems with unknown inputs and stable internal dynamics. In addition the unknown inputs can be identified asymptotically. Numerical examples illustrate the efficacy of the proposed observer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian modelling of tuberculosis clustering from DNA fingerprint data
Authors: Scott Allison N. , Joseph Lawrence , Bélisle Patrick , Behr Marcel A. , Schwartzman Kevin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA combination of continuous and categorical tests, none of which is a gold standard, is often available for classification of subject status in epidemiologic studies. For example, tuberculosis (TB) molecular epidemiology uses select mycobacterial DNA sequences to provide clues
about which cases of active TB are likely clustered, implying recent transmission between these cases, versus reactivation of previously acquired infection. The proportion of recently transmitted cases is important to public health, as different control methods are implemented as transmission rates increase. Standard typing methods include IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (IS6110 RFLP), but recently developed polymerase chain reaction based genotyping modalities, including mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit‐variable‐number tandem repeat and spoligotyping provide quicker results. In addition, it has recently been suggested that results from IS6110 RFLP can be used to create a continuous measure of genetic relatedness, called the nearest genetic distance. Whichever method is used, estimation of cluster rates is rendered difficult by the lack of a gold standard method for classifying cases as clustered or not. Since many of these methods are relatively new, their properties have not been extensively investigated. Misclassification errors subsequently lead to sub‐optimal estimation of risk factors for clustering. Here we show how Bayesian latent class models can be used in such situations, for example to simultaneously analyse Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA data from all three of the above methods. Using the data collected at the Public Health Unit in Montreal, we estimate the proportion of clustered cases and the operating characteristics of each method using information from all three methods combined, including both continuous and dichotomous measures from IS6110 RFLP. A misclassification‐adjusted regression model provides estimates of the effects of risk factors on the clustering probabilities. We also discuss how one must carefully interpret any inferences that arise from a combination of continuous and dichotomous tests. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signal transduction mechanisms regulating ion fluxes in the sea urchin sperm
Authors: Beltrán Carmen , Galindo Blanca Estela , Rodríguez‐Miranda Esmeralda , Sánchez Daniel 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIon permeability changes involving ion channels and transporters are essential for fertilization, since they are key elements in sperm‐egg signaling and environmental sensing. Changes modulated by external factors and components from the outer layer of the homologous egg, like the sperm‐activating peptides and the fucose‐sulfate glycoconjugate, trigger complex signaling systems in the sperm that modulate how sperm swim, find the egg and fertilize it. These signaling systems depend on plasma membrane ion permeability and involve an alteration of second messenger levels, changes of membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+, Na+ and pH, along with changes in sperm morphology in the case of the acrosome reaction (AR). New procedures to elucidate the signaling pathways implicated in sperm ion transport have expanded the opportunities to dissect sperm‐egg signaling revealing how sperm ion channels participate in activation, motility, chemotaxis, and the AR. The sperm signaling pathways involve a large variety of ion channels and transporters, which are discretely localized and finely orchestrated to play specific roles that define the elaborate performance of sperm and allow a successful fertilization. In this review we will focus on the signaling molecules involved in the final aim of the sperm, to reach and fertilize the egg.
Biostratigraphy and deposition environments of the Middle-Late Miocene volcanosedimentary section in the Dzhilinda basin, Western Transbaikalia
Authors: Chernyaeva G.P. , Lyamina N.A. , Rasskazov S.V. , Rezanov I.N. , Savinova V.V. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
We report results of an integrated study of volcanosedimentary rocks of the Middle-Late Miocene Dzhilinda Formation consisting of the prevolcanic sedimentary Lower Dzhilinda and volcanosedimentary Upper Dzhilinda subformations. The section was studied in three wells drilled near Lake Mukhal (Khoigot paleovalley, Vitim upland). The Dzhilinda sediments contain ubiquitous Alveolophora jouseana (Moiss.) Moiss. typical of Miocene environments. Deposition occurred in two main stages represented by different water (diatoms) and land (spores and pollen) plant communities. The upsection successive changes in diatom species are attendant with changes in pollen and spore assemblages. The K-Ar ages of lavas indicate that the mostly sedimentary lower section of the Dzhilinda Formation deposited between 12 and 14 Ma and the more volcanic upper section, with a lacustrine lens at base, formed at about 10.8–9.5 Ma. The isotope dating of volcanic rocks agrees with the ages inferred from the diatom and spore-pollen analyses. The prevolcanic Lower Dzhilinda subformation deposited during the Middle Miocene climate optimum. The stratigraphy, lithology and facies of sediments suggest that the Dzhilinda deposition was associated with the development of a deep freshwater lake in the conditions of active tectonism and volcanism.