bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The European Register of Specialists in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine: Code of Conduct, Version 2 – 2008
Authors: McMurray Janet , Zerah Simone , Hallworth Michael , Koeller Ursula , Blaton Victor , Tzatchev Kamen , Charilaou Charis , Racek Jaroslav , Johnsen Anders , Tomberg Karel , Harmoinen Aimo , Baum Hannsjörg , Rizos Demetrios , Kappelmayer Janos , O'Mullane John , Nubile Giuseppe , Pupure Silvija , Kucinskiene Zita , Opp Matthias , Huisman Wim , Solnica Bogdan , Reguengo Henrique , Grigore Camelia , Špaňár Július , Štrakl Greta , Queralto Josep , Wallinder Hans , Schuff-Werner Peter 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn 1997, the European Communities Confederation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EC4) set up a Register for European Specialists in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. The operation of the Register is undertaken by a Register Commission (EC4RC). During the last 10 years, more than 2000 specialists in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine have joined the Register. In 2007, EC4 merged with the Federation of European Societies of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (FESCC) to form the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFCC). A Code of Conduct was adopted in 2003 and a revised and updated version, taking account particularly of the guidelines of the Conseil Européen des Professions Libérales (CEPLIS) of which EFCC is a member, is presented in this article. The revised version was approved by the EC4 Register Commission and by the EFCC Executive Board in Paris on 6 November, 2008.Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:372–5.
Frequent occurance of level burnout among general practitioners and residents
Authors: Ádám Szilvia , Torzsa Péter , Győrffy Zsuzsa , Vörös Krisztián , Kalabay László 
Published: February 2009

A családorvosok szerepe a betegellátásban központi jelentőségű. A nagyszámú orvos-beteg találkozás, a fizikai és érzelmi megterhelés munkahelyi stresszhez és kiégéshez vezethet. Tudomásunk szerint eddig nem folyt olyan vizsgálat Magyarországon, amely a családorvosok kiégéssel kapcsolatos mutatóit térképezte volna fel.
Célkitűzés:
A kiégés prevalenciájának feltárása magyarországi családorvosok és családorvosi rezidensek körében.
Módszerek:
Feltáró/leíró jellegű keresztmetszeti vizsgálat önkitöltős kérdőíves felméréssel 453 háziorvos és 43 háziorvosi rezidens részvételével. A kiégés mérésére a Maslach Burnout Inventory-t (MBI-GS) használtuk. A kiégés szintjének megállapításához az emocionális kimerülés, a cinizmus/deperszonalizáció és a teljesítménycsökkenés átlagát (SD) számoltuk ki férfiak és nők, valamint orvosok és rezidensek között. A kiégés szintjének, illetve fokának (alacsony, közepes, illetve magas fokú kiégés) nemek és foglalkozási csoportok (orvos vs. rezidens) közötti összehasonlítását a kiégés összes dimenziójában független mintás
t
-teszttel, illetve χ
2
-teszttel végeztük. A kiégés szociodemográfiai stresszorait lineáris regressziós analízissel vizsgáltuk.
Eredmények:
A rezidensek szignifikánsan kisebb szintű cinizmusról/deperszonalizációról [
t
(df): 2,8 (476);
p
< 0,01)] és teljesítménycsökkenésről [
t
(df): 2,0 (485);
p
< 0,05] számoltak be, mint a családorvosok. A kiégés szintjében szignifikáns nemi különbséget nem találtunk. Szignifikánsan több háziorvos számolt be magas [χ
2
(df) = 5,9 (1);
p
< 0,05] és közepes [χ
2
(df) = 4,6 (1);
p
< 0,05] fokú deperszonalizációról, mint rezidens. Az orvosok közel harmada számolt be magas fokú emocionális kimerülésről, közel 60%-uk magas fokú deperszonalizációról, és közel 100%-uk magas fokú teljesítménycsökkenésről. A foglalkozás jellege, vagyis a rezidencia bizonyult a deperszonalizáció legerősebb negatív prediktorának (β = –0,09, 95%-os CI –0,22 – –0,002).
Következtetések:
A magyar családorvosok körében a kiégés prevalenciája kiemelkedően magas, a magas fokú teljesítménycsökkenés pedig majdnem minden háziorvost érint. A rezidensi munka szignifikáns védő kapcsolatot mutatott a deperszonalizációval. Eredményeink új adatokat szolgáltatnak a kiégés magyarországi és nemzetközi kutatásához.
Toxicity of manufactured zinc oxide nanoparticles in the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ma Hongbo , Bertsch Paul M. , Glenn Travis C. , Kabengi Nadine J. , Williams Phillip L. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractInformation describing the possible impacts of manufactured nanoparticles on human health and ecological receptors is limited. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential toxicological effects of manufactured zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs; 1.5 nm) compared to aqueous zinc chloride (ZnCl2) in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicity of both types of Zn was investigated using the ecologically relevant endpoints of lethality, behavior, reproduction, and transgene expression in a mtl-2::GFP (gene encoding green fluorescence protein fused onto the metallothionein-2 gene promoter) transgenic strain of C. elegans. Zinc oxide nanoparticles showed no significant difference from ZnCl2 regarding either lethality or reproduction in C. elegans, as indicated by their median lethal concentrations (LC50s; p = 0.29, n = 3) and median effective concentrations (EC50s; Z = 0.835, p = 0.797). Also, no significant difference was found in EC50s for behavioral change between ZnO-NPs (635 mg Zn/L; 95% confidence interval [CI], 477–844 mg Zn/L) and ZnCl2 (546 mg Zn/L; 95% CI, 447–666 mg Zn/L) (Z = 0.907, p = 0.834). Zinc oxide nanoparticles induced transgene expression in the mtl-2::GFP transgenic C. elegans in a manner similar to that of ZnCl2, suggesting that intracellular biotransformation of the nanoparticles might have occurred or the nanoparticles have dissolved to Zn2+ to enact toxicity. These findings demonstrate that manufactured ZnO-NPs have toxicity to the nematode C. elegans similar to that of aqueous ZnCl2.
When Does Teacher Licensure Make Sense?
Authors: Arias J. J. , Scafidi Benjamin 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Teacher licensure is a regime where schools are forbidden from hiring teachers who have not completed a program of study in a teacher education program and/or other preparation requirements. This paper specifies a theoretical model of a school hiring teachers who are either traditionalcompleted a program of study in a teacher education program or alternativeentered teaching through an alternative path. We combine the implications of the theoretical model with the empirical literature on teacher labor markets to reach conclusions about how labor market policies would impact teacher quality. Perhaps the most important conclusion is that it is very likely that a regime of teacher licensure would lower teacher quality and student achievement. The key reason why licensure would lower teacher quality is that licensure fails to make the important distinction between marginal and average quality in hiring decisions.
Gauss’ law of error revisited in the framework of Sharma-Taneja-Mittal information measure
Authors: Scarfone Antonio , Suyari Hiroki , Wada Tatsuaki 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
We reformulate the Gauss’ law of error in presence of correlations which are taken into account by means of a deformed product arising in the framework of the Sharma-Taneja-Mittal measure. Having reviewed the main proprieties of the generalized product and its related algebra, we derive, according to the Maximum Likelihood Principle, a family of error distributions with an asymptotic power-law behavior.
DFT study on electronic structures and optical absorption properties of C, S cation- doped SrTiO3
Authors: Liu Jiawen , Wang Lu , Liu Jihong , Wang Tianchi , Qu Weili , Li Zhonghua 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The effects of C cation and S cation doping on the electronic structures and optical properties of SrTiO3 are investigated by density function theory (DFT) calculations. The calculated results reveal that the top of the valence band is predominately made up of the O 2p states for the pure SrTiO3. When SrTiO3 was doped with C cation and S cation, the top of the valence bands consists mainly of O 2p+C 2s hybrid orbitals and O 2p+S 3s hybrid orbitals, respectively. The band gap of SrTiO3 is narrowed by the doping with C cation and S cation, especially for the C and S-codoped SrTiO3. Moreover, the red shifts of the absorption edge are found by the calculated optical properties, which is consistent with reported experiment results. It is the explanation for their visible light respondency by the presence of C 2s and S 3s states on the upper edge of the valence band. All of these results can explain the good photocatalytic properties of C, S cation-codoped SrTiO3 under visible light irradiation.
Ligand‐Accelerated Asymmetric [1,2]‐Stevens Rearrangment of Sulfur Ylides via Decomposition of Diazomalonates Catalyzed by Chiral Bisoxazoline/Copper Complex
Authors: Qu Jian‐Ping , Xu Zheng‐Hu , Zhou Jian , Cao Chun‐Li , Sun Xiu‐Li , Dai Li‐Xin , Tang Yong 
Published: February 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe first example of catalytic asymmetric [1,2]‐Stevens rearrangement reaction of 1,3‐oxathiolanes with diazomalonates has been developed and up to 90% ee is achieved by the bisoxazoline 4e/copper(II) triflate [Cu(OTf)2] complex.
Atom transfer radical polymerization and copolymerization of vinyl acetate catalyzed by copper halide/terpyridine
Authors: Tang Huadong , Radosz Maciej , Shen Youqing 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCopper‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is versatile for living polymerizations of a wide range of monomers, but ATRP of vinyl acetate (VAc) remains challenging due to the low homolytic cleavage activity of the carbon‐halide bond of the dormant poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) chains and the high reactivity of growing PVAc radicals. Therefore, all the reported highly active copper‐based catalysts are inactive in ATRP of VAc. Herein, we report the first copper‐catalyst mediated ATRP of VAc using CuBr/2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (tPy) or CuCl/tPy as catalysts. The polymerization was a first order reaction with respect to the monomer concentration. The molecular weights of the resulting PVAc linearly increased with the VAc conversion. The living character was further proven by self‐chain extension of PVAc. Using polystyrene (PS) as a macroinitiator, a well‐defined diblock copolymer PS‐b‐PVAc was prepared. Hydrolysis of the PS‐b‐PVAc produced a PS‐b‐poly(vinyl alcohol) amphiphilic diblock copolymer. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Draw ratio enhancement in nonisothermal melt spinning
Authors: Suman Balram , Kumar Satish 
Published: February 2009

AbstractNonisothermal melt spinning of materials having a step‐like viscosity variation with temperature is studied in this work. A set of nonlinear equations is used to describe the fiber behavior and to obtain the draw ratio, the square of the ratio of the fiber diameter at the entrance to that at the exit of the fiber‐spinning device. The fluid‐flow equation is based on a slender‐jet approximation, and external heating and cooling have been accounted for with a one‐dimensional model in order to obtain the fiber temperature and viscosity along the fiber length. The model is similar to that used by Wylie et al. (J Fluid Mech. 2007;570:1–16) but accounts for inertia, shear stress at the fiber surface, surface tension, gravity, cooling, and larger heating rates. Steady‐state analysis reveals that the draw ratio increases with an increase in the pulling force, passes through a maximum, and then starts increasing again, resulting in three possible pulling forces for the same draw ratio. However, linear stability analysis reveals that depending on the strength of heating and/or cooling, at most two of the steady states are stable. The stability analysis also predicts complicated oscillatory and nonoscillatory dynamical behavior as the pulling force varies. Nonlinear simulations reveal that an unstable system always tends to limit‐cycle behavior. Systems predicted as stable by the linear stability analysis are also stable for large‐amplitude perturbations. External heating is found to dramatically enhance the draw ratio of the melt‐spinning process. The addition of a cooling section suppresses the draw ratio, but this can be compensated for with a higher heating strength. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Terephthalic acid synthesis at higher concentrations in high‐temperature liquid water. 1. Effect of oxygen feed method
Authors: Osada Mitsumasa , Savage Phillip E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe conducted terephthalic acid (TPA) synthesis from p‐xylene in high‐temperature liquid water (HTW) at 300°C. The p‐xylene concentration at the reaction condition was 0.2 mol L−1, which is the highest to date in research that achieved at least 80 mol % yields of TPA in HTW. Pure oxygen gas was the oxidant. Increasing the MnBr2 catalyst concentration increased the rate of TPA formation only slightly. In contrast, whether oxygen was fed in small, quick, discrete bursts, or fed continuously significantly affected the p‐xylene conversion and the TPA selectivity. Adding oxygen in quick bursts and small increments led to high selectivities (>90 mol %) of TPA. Continuous addition of oxygen failed to do so. In addition to identifying the sensitivity of this synthesis to the oxygen feed method, these results also demonstrate the feasibility of HTW for TPA synthesis at higher concentrations, and hence high TPA production per unit reactor volume. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Efficient separation of enantiomers by preferential crystallization in two coupled vessels
Authors: Elsner Martin Peter , Ziomek Grzegorz , Seidel‐Morgenstern Andreas 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe focus of this work is to study the enantioseparation of conglomerate forming systems using an innovative configuration for preferential crystallization. Two batch crystallizers are coupled by an exchange of their liquid phases. In each vessel one of the two enantiomers is seeded initially and crystallizes subsequently. Compared with conventional single batch crystallization the exchange of the crystal free liquid phases between two crystallizers leads to an increase of the concentrations of the preferred enantiomers and therefore to an increase of the driving forces for the crystallization. This enhances the productivity of the process compared with the conventional operation. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
SPG11 mutations cause Kjellin syndrome, a hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum and central retinal degeneration
Authors: Örlén Hanna , Melberg Atle , Raininko Raili , Kumlien Eva , Entesarian Miriam , Söderberg Per , Påhlman Magnus , Darin Niklas , Kyllerman Mårten , Holmberg Eva , Engler Henry , Eriksson Urban , Dahl Niklas 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAutosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (ARHSP) with thin corpus callosum (TCC) is genetically heterogenous and approximately 35% of patients carry mutations in either of the SPG11 or SPG15 genes. Disease onset is during the first three decades of life with spastic paraplegia and mental impairment. Peripheral neuropathy and amyotrophy may occur. Kjellin syndrome is characterized by central retinal degeneration in addition to ARHSP‐TCC and the disease is associated with mutations in the SPG15 gene. We identified five patients in four unrelated kindreds with spastic paraplegia and mental impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed TCC, atrophy elsewhere in the brain and increased T2 signal intensity in the periventricular white matter. Probands from the four kindreds were screened for mutations in the SPG11 gene. All patients were found homozygous or compound heterozygous for truncating SPG11 mutations of which four are reported for the first time. Ophthalmological investigations revealed that the four index cases have central retinal degeneration consistent with Kjellin syndrome. PET examinations with N‐[11C‐methyl]‐L‐deuterodeprenyl (DED) and fluor‐18 2‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) were performed in two patients with Kjellin syndrome. We observed a reduced glucose uptake in the thalami, anterior cingulum, and sensorimotor cortex indicating neuronal loss, and an increased DED binding in the thalami and pons which suggests astrogliosis. From our results we extend the SPG11 associated phenotype to comprise also Kjellin syndrome, previously found to be associated with mutations in the SPG15 gene. We anticipate that degeneration of the central retina is a common and previously unrecognized feature in SPG11 related disease. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association study of CREB1 with Major Depressive Disorder and related phenotypes
Authors: Hettema John M. , An Seon‐Sook , van den Oord Edwin J.C.G. , Neale Michael C. , Kendler Kenneth S. , Chen Xiangning 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) has been implicated in behavioral models of anxiety and depression, antidepressant response in humans, and suicide. One group reported a female‐specific association of the CREB1 gene in early‐onset Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), while another found no evidence of association with this phenotype. In this study, we sought to examine the evidence for association of the CREB1 gene to MDD and related phenotypes. We used multivariate structural equation modeling to identify and select twin pairs that scored at the extremes of a latent genetic risk factor shared by MDD, neuroticism, and several anxiety disorders from the Virginia Twin Registry. Using one member from each of these pairs, the resulting sample of 589 cases (including 473 subjects with lifetime MDD) and 539 controls were entered into a 2‐stage association study in which genetic markers were screened in stage 1, the positive results of which were tested for replication in stage 2. Eight SNP markers selected to capture the major allelic variation across the haplotype block containing CREB1 were analyzed for differences between cases and controls. Several markers showed criterion differences between cases and controls in the stage 1 sample with some evidence of sex specific effects. However, none of these markers were significant in stage 2 in either sex individually or combined. Our data suggests that common variations in the CREB1 gene do not appear to increase susceptibility for MDD or related phenotypes. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First description of the surgical anatomy of the cynomolgus monkey liver
Authors: Vons Corinne , Beaudoin Sylvie , Helmy Nada , Dagher Ibrahim , Weber Anne , Franco Dominique 
Published: February 2009

AbstractNo detailed description of nonhuman primate liver anatomy has been reported and little is known about the similarity between such livers and human liver. The cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) was used to establish a preclinical model of genetically modified hepatocytes auto transplantation. Here, we report information gleaned from careful observation and notes obtained from 59 female cynomolgus monkeys undergoing 44 anatomical hepatic resections, 12 main portal vein division dissections and selective branch ligations, and 46 portographies. Additionally, three anatomical liver dissections after total resection at autopsy were performed and served to confirm peroperative observations and for photography to provide illustrations. Our results indicate that the cynomolgus monkey liver has four lobes: the median (the largest), the right and left lateral, and the caudate lobes. In 60% (N=20) of individuals the portal bifurcates into right and left portal veins, in the remaining 40% (N=14) the portal vein trifurcates into right anterior, right posterior, and left portal veins. The anatomy and branching pattern of the hepatic artery and bile ducts closely follow those of the portal branches. Functionally, the cynomolgus monkey liver can be divided into eight independent segments. Thus, we report the first detailed description of the hepatic and portal surgical anatomy of the cynomolgus monkey. The cynomolgus monkey liver is more similar to the human liver than are livers of any small or large nonprimate mammals that have been described. Am. J. Primatol. 71:400–408, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Birch Reduction of Benzene in a Low‐Temperature Plasma
Authors: Na Na , Xia Yu , Zhu Zhenli , Zhang Xinrong , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSelektive und spezifische Dihydrierungen von Benzol und anderen Arenen wurden in einem Tieftemperatur‐Heliumplasma beobachtet. Im vorgeschlagenen Mechanismus werden die Benzolmoleküle an der Entladungsoberfläche adsorbiert. Dort fangen sie in einer Birch‐Reduktion zunächst adsorbierte niederenergetische Elektronen ein und werden anschließend protoniert (siehe Bild). Die Reduktionsreaktion wird von Oxidationsprozessen in der Gasphase begleitet.magnified image
Nachweis von Drogenmissbrauch durch Nanopartikel‐verstärktes Fluoreszenz‐Imaging von latenten Fingerabdrücken
Authors: Wolfbeis Otto S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDer Schweiß eines Fingerabdrucks kann oral eingenommene Drogen und ihre Metaboliten enthalten. Bei einer neuen Methode zum Drogennachweis werden primäre Antikörper gegen Drogenmetabolite mit magnetischen Nanopartikeln konjugiert. Diese werden dann zur Inkubation auf den Abdruck aufgebracht, nach Entfernung mit einem fluoreszenzmarkierten Antikörper behandelt und nochmals inkubiert. Die Charakterisierung erfolgt durch Fluoreszenz‐Imaging.magnified image
Intermolecular Methoxycarbonylation of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by Palladium(II) Bis(oxazoline) Complexes
Authors: Kato Keisuke , Motodate Satoshi , Mochida Tomoyuki , Kobayashi Takuya , Akita Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDie direkte Umwandlung einer terminalen Alkinfunktion in einen β‐Methoxyacrylat‐Rest gelingt mithilfe eines Bisoxazolin(box)‐Liganden. Acetyl‐ und Ketal‐Schutzgruppen werden unter den Reaktionsbedingungen ebenso wenig angegriffen wie freie Hydroxygruppen und säureempfindliche glycosidische Bindungen. (±)‐Dihydrokawain wurde aus dem Homopropargylalkohol in einem Eintopfverfahren synthetisiert. tfa=Trifluoracetat.magnified image
Stereogradient Polymers Formed by Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization of Bulky Methacrylate Monomers
Authors: Ishitake Kenji , Satoh Kotaro , Kamigaito Masami , Okamoto Yoshio 
Published: February 2009

AbstractLife RAFT: A bulky methacrylate monomer, triphenylmethyl methacrylate (TrMA), was polymerized with reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents. Stereogradient polymers in which the isospecificity increased spontaneously as the monomer concentration decreased were formed by a polymerization–depolymerization equilibrium that can convert a less stable growing polymer terminal into a more stable form (see picture).magnified image
Birch Reduction of Benzene in a Low‐Temperature Plasma
Authors: Na Na , Xia Yu , Zhu Zhenli , Zhang Xinrong , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSelective and specific dihydrogenation of benzene and other arenes has been observed in a low‐temperature helium plasma. A surface Birch reduction mechanism has been proposed in which benzene molecules adsorbed on the discharge surface capture low‐energy surface‐adsorbed electrons and subsequently undergo protonation (see picture). Gas‐phase oxidation processes accompany the reduction reaction.magnified image
A Stable and Crystalline Triarylgermyl Radical: Structure and EPR Spectra
Authors: Drost Christian , Griebel Jan , Kirmse Reinhard , Lönnecke Peter , Reinhold Joachim 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA radical thing: After being obtained unexpectedly in low yields, the synthesis of the first stable triarylgermyl radical .Ge[3,5‐tBu2‐2,6‐(EtO)2C6H]3 (1; C gray, O blue) was considerably optimized, and the product was investigated by X‐ray analysis and EPR spectroscopy. The results were compared with DFT‐MO studies for the model compound .Ge[2,6‐(MeO)2C6H3].magnified image