bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL‐4 and IL‐13 promoter region in aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Gonzales J. R. , Mann M. , Stelzig J. , Bödeker R. H. , Meyle J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIntroduction: IL‐4 and IL‐13 polymorphisms have been shown to influence the susceptibility to systemic diseases. In this study, possible associations between the IL‐4 −590 C→T, IL‐4 −34 C→T, IL‐13 −1112 C→T and IL‐13 −1512 A→C promoter polymorphisms were investigated in subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis (AgP) compared with healthy individuals.Material and Methods: Fifty‐eight patients with diagnosis of generalized AgP and 51 matched healthy controls participated in the study. Blood samples were collected and DNA isolated. Molecular analyses were performed by PCR‐RFLP in a blind fashion. Genotype and allele frequencies among study groups were compared using Fisher's exact test (α value: 0.05). Pearson's χ2 test was used for analysis of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.Results: The frequency of the IL‐4 −590 T/T and IL‐4 −34 T/T genotypes differed significantly between groups (p=0.05, 0.02, respectively), although the allele frequencies were similar. There was a higher frequency of the IL‐4 −590 T/T and IL‐4 −34 T/T genotypes in patients with AgP compared with controls. The genotype and allele frequencies of the IL‐13 polymorphisms did not differ between groups.Conclusions: This study demonstrated an association between the IL‐4 −590 T/T and IL‐4 −34 T/T genotypes and AgP. Further research is necessary to prove if there is an association of these polymorphisms with AgP, and if the polymorphisms have a functional effect.
Effects of enamel matrix derivative and transforming growth factor‐β1 on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts
Authors: Rodrigues Thaisângela L. S. , Marchesan Julie T. , Coletta Ricardo D. , Novaes Arthur B. , Grisi Márcio F. de M. , Souza Sérgio L. S. , Taba Mário , Palioto Daniela B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of enamel matrix derivative (EMD), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), and a combination of both factors (EMD+TGF‐β1) on periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts.Material and methods: Human PDL fibroblasts were obtained from three adult patients with a clinically healthy periodontium, using the explant technique. The effects of EMD, TGF‐β1, or a combination of both were analysed on PDL cell proliferation, adhesion, wound healing, and total protein synthesis, and on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone‐like nodule formation.Results: Treatment with EMD for 4, 7, and 10 days increased cell proliferation significantly compared with the negative control (p<0.05). At day 10, EMD and EMD+TGF‐β1 showed a higher cell proliferation compared with TGF‐β1 (p<0.01). Cell adhesion was significantly up‐regulated by TGF‐β1 compared with EMD and EMD+TGF‐β1 (p<0.01). EMD enhanced in vitro wound healing of PDL cells compared with the other treatments. Total protein synthesis was significantly increased in PDL cells cultured with EMD compared with PDL cells treated with TGF‐β1 or EMD+TGF‐β1 (p<0.05). EMD induced ALP activity in PDL fibroblasts, which was associated with an increase of bone‐like nodules.Conclusion: These findings support the hypothesis that EMD and TGF‐β1 may play an important role in periodontal regeneration. EMD induced PDL fibroblast proliferation and migration, total protein synthesis, ALP activity, and mineralization, while TGF‐β1 increased cellular adhesion. However, the combination of both factors did not positively alter PDL fibroblast behaviour.
Sowing Wild Oats: The Fallen Man in Late‐Victorian Society Melodrama
Authors: Lawrence David Haldane 
Published: May 2007

Abstract This essay won the 2006 Literature Compass Graduate Essay Prize, Victorian Section. Perhaps better known for its portrayal of the fallen woman, late Victorian social melodrama also includes a group of plays which concentrate on profligate men. These plays reveal differences in Victorian attitudes to the moral behaviour of men and women. In ‘fallen woman’ plays the straying female protagonist almost invariably dies at the denouement. ‘Fallen men’ plays usually show a remorseful profligate attempting suicide by taking poison. But unlike his female counterpart, he does not always die. He is nearly always saved through the intervention of a good and pure woman. However, variations on this pattern of male self‐poisoning do occur. In some plays the philanderer actually dies on stage. In other dramas with a hidden homosexual agenda, (by Wilde, Gray and Raffalovich), the ‘fallen’ male protagonist evades suicide and escapes to another life. Confrontation with a hidden past is another basic ingredient of late Victorian social melodrama. It is common to both those plays dealing with fallen men and those concerning fallen women. However, while the position of the central female protagonist is considerably stronger, men are shown to be weak and flawed. They lead secret lives which bring into question the ethics of moral purity. Dramatists, however, are restrained by the Lord Chamberlain's censorship. Although some, like Pinero, are highly critical of upper‐class male philandering, major social issues, such as venereal disease, remain carefully veiled for the stage. Late Victorian dramatists go as far as they dare in portraying male dissolution, but ultimately they pander to the expectations of their audiences. The fallen man is reclaimed by female purity, while sympathy is invited for his plight from a predominantly upper‐class audience. At the same time, the genre of the late Victorian ‘fallen man’ play attempts to provide a moralistic example for men tempted to stray.
Comparison of lignocaine and water‐based lubricating gels for female urethral catheterization: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chung Christopher , Chu Matthew , Paoloni Richard , O’Brien Mary‐Jane , Demel Tasha 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives:  It is standard practice to use lignocaine gel during male urethral catheterization. However, it is commonly believed that topical anaesthetic confers no benefit during female catheterization hence lubricating gel alone is more commonly used. The present study aimed to determine whether lignocaine gel decreased pain compared with water‐based lubricating gel for female urethral catheterization in the ED.Methods:  This randomized double‐blinded study was carried out at two Sydney hospitals – an urban district inner western hospital and a south‐western major trauma centre. A convenience sample of 62 alert, cooperative adult female ED patients provided written informed consent. The indications for, and technique of catheterization, were at the discretion of the clinical staff. Pre‐ and immediate post‐procedure pain was scored by the patient on a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The primary outcome was the difference in VAS scores (post‐ minus pre‐procedure) in millimetres. Values for each group were expressed as medians and interquartile ranges, statistical significance determined using the Mann–Whitney U‐test.Results:  The groups were well matched for age, indication for catheterization, pre‐procedural pain score, catheter size and the number of catheterization attempts. Patients receiving lignocaine gel had a significantly lower median procedural pain score than patients receiving lubricating gel (6 mm vs 33 mm, P = 0.007).Conclusions:  Lignocaine gel substantially reduces the procedural pain of female urethral catheterization by comparison with use of a water‐based lubricating gel.
Is cardiac monitoring during transport of low‐risk chest pain patients from the emergency department necessary?
Authors: Lin Andrew , Kerr Debra , Kelly Anne‐Maree 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective:  Incidence of life threatening arrhythmia for patients who present to the ED with low‐risk chest pain (CP) (non‐ischaemic electrocardiograms and normal cardiac marker profiles) is rare. These patients are often transported with cardiac monitoring by nurse escort from the ED. We aimed to show that this group of patients are at low risk of experiencing life‐threatening arrhythmia disturbances.Methods:  This was a prospective, observational study of ED low‐risk CP patients who presented in the period September 2005 and March 2006 and were transported with cardiac monitoring. Data were collected via chart review, and nurse escorts prospectively documented transport details. The primary study outcome was the development of a life threatening arrhythmia requiring treatment during transport from the ED. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and interrater agreement.Results:  During the study period there were 231 patients admitted to monitored beds from the ED, of whom 170 (74%) were low risk and enrolled in the study. No patient sustained an adverse event during transport from the ED (0%; 95% confidence interval 0–2.2%). Mean (±SD) time required for nurse escort to and from the radiology department and coronary care unit was 9.0 (±3.1) and 16 (±6.5) min, respectively.Conclusions:  CP patients who present to the ED with normal electrocardiograms and cardiac marker profiles are at low risk (<1%) of experiencing an adverse event during transport from the ED. This subset of patients might not require cardiac monitoring or nurse escort during transportation from the ED.
Protease‐Activated Receptor 1‐Selective Antagonist SCH79797 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis by a Protease‐Activated Receptor 1‐Independent Mechanism
Authors: Di Serio Claudia , Pellerito Silvia , Duarte Maria , Massi Daniela , Naldini Antonella , Cirino Giuseppe , Prudovsky Igor , Santucci Marco , Geppetti Pierangelo , Marchionni Niccolò , Masotti Giulio , Tarantini Francesca 
Published: May 2007

Abstract:  Thrombin, a key mediator of blood coagulation, exerts a large number of cellular actions via activation of a specific G‐protein‐coupled receptor, named protease‐activated receptor 1 (PAR1). Several studies in experimental animals have demonstrated a therapeutic potential of small molecules with PAR1 antagonistic properties for treatment of diseases such as vascular thrombosis and arterial restenosis. We have studied the biological actions of one highly potent, selective PAR1 antagonist, SCH79797 (N3‐cyclopropyl‐7‐{[4‐(1‐methylethyl)phenyl]methyl}‐7H‐pyrrolo[3,2‐f]quinazoline‐1,3‐diamine),in vitro, and found that this compound was able to interfere with the growth of several human and mouse cell lines, in a concentration‐dependent manner. The ED50for growth inhibition was 75 nM, 81 nM and 116 nM for NIH 3T3, HEK 293 and A375 cells, respectively. Moreover, in NIH 3T3 cells, SCH79797 inhibited serum‐stimulated activation of p44/p42 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) at low concentrations and induced apoptosis at higher concentrations. However, the antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects of SCH79797 are likely not mediated by PAR1 antagonism, as they were also observed in embryonic fibroblasts derived from PAR1 null mice. These data suggest that, in view of the development of PAR1‐selective antagonists as therapeutic agents, effects potentially unrelated to PAR1 inhibition should be carefully scrutinized.
HEXANAL AS AN INDICATOR OF MEAT FLAVOR DETERIORATION
Authors: SHAHIDI FEREIDOON. , PEGG RONALD B. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT.Pentanal and hexanal were the dominant volatile aldehydes generated from cooked pork during 3 weeks of refrigerated storage. Moreover, hexanal concentrations may serve as an index of meat flavor deterioration (MFD) during the early stages of storage; its concentration increased more rapidly than any other aldehyde. During the first 6 days, contribution of pentanal and hexanal to the total volatile aldehydes increased linearly by 350 and 650%, respectively, after which, their concentrations declined quite markedly. Reactions of pentanal and hexanal with meat components and/or their further oxidation may be responsible for this observation. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using hexanal as an indicator of lipid oxidation and MFD since a given hexanal level may correspond with two different points during storage of cooked meats.
FORMATION OF ISOMERS WITH CIS‐TRANS GROUPS IN THE TRILINOLEIN OF STORED CARROTS
Authors: LUND ERIC D. , BRUEMMER JOSEPH H. , SHAW PHILIP E. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT.A mixture of trilinolein isomers that contain one trans double bond was isolated from lightly processed carrots stored at low temperature in plastic bags. The mixture isolated was similar to the product synthesized from partial isomerization of trilinolein with the free radical isomerization catalyst p‐toluenesulfinic acid. Although the mixture contained at least 2 trilinolein isomers with c‐t and t‐c geometry, determination of the complete structure of the individual compounds was not possible because of the close similarity of their chromatographic properties. Under reduced oxygen storage conditions, significant quantities of unsaturated triglycerides with trans double bonds may be produced in lightly processed carrots by a nonenzymatic free radical rearrangement.
LIPID FATTY ACIDS, GROWTH AND COMPOSITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMED COD (GADUS MORHUA)
Authors: SHAHIDI FEREIDOON. , DUNAJSKI EDWARD. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT.The effect of a formulated diet rich in lipids on the compositional characteristics and quality of cod (Gadus morhua) was investigated. Changes in the proximate composition of fillets and liver tissues of cod (Gadus morhua), fed intensively over a 20‐weekk period, was monitored. The content of lipids in the fillets increased from 0.74 to 0.94% and corresponding values for liver were 58.90 and 75.92%, respectively. Over the same period, the hepatosomatic index of fish increased from 4.41 to 12.70%, reflecting the accumulation of lipids in the liver of farmed cod. The content of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the muscle tissues changed from 52.13 to 55.82%. Corresponding change in the liver was from 17.94 to 26.12%. The major increase in the omega‐3 PUFA was due to an increase in the content of docosahexaenoic acid.
STABILIZATION BY ANTIOXIDANTS OF MAYONNAISE MADE FROM FISH OIL
Authors: JAFAR SAJIDA S. , HULTIN HERBERT O. , BIMBO ANTHONY P. , CROWTHER JANE B. , BARLOW STUART M. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT.The purpose of this work was to evaluate the use of antioxidants in extending the shelf‐life of mayonnaise constantly exposed to air in which all of the oil ingredient was fish oil. Mayonnaise prepared without antioxidants had a shelf‐life at room temperature of approximately 1 day. Citric acid or sodium citrate and propyl gallate in the oil phase and EDTA and ascorbic acid in the aqueous phase increased the shelf‐life to an average of 49 days at room temperature as judged by sensory evaluation. With refrigeration, the number of days to off‐odor development was increased to 89. With the addition of an oxygen scavenging system of glucose oxidase‐catalase‐glucose, the shelf‐life increased to an average of 132 days. Both oxygen and light were shown to be detrimental to the stability of the product. Considerable variation was observed between batches of menhaden oil, the primary fish oil used in formulating the mayonnaise in these studies.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF RICINODENDRON HEUDELOTII (BAIL.) SEED OIL
Authors: KAPSEU C. , TCHIEGANG C. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe technological characteristics and the fatty acid composition of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Bail.) seed oil from two different regions of Cameroon were studied. The fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography on a capillary column. The oil content varied according to the region (44.9–54.7%). The iodine value (160), saponification value (190) and unsaponifiable matter content (1.6%) were similar for the two types of seeds examined. The oil was composed mainly of linoleic acid (25–30%) and a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found to be α‐elaeostearic acid (48–56%). The latter fatty acid is subject to transformation during the esterification processes due to its trienic conjugated bonds. The triacylglycerol profile obtained by reversed phase liquid chromatography showed 20 triacylglycerols with two major ones identified as linoleodi‐α‐elaeostearic (29.7–33.1%) and tri‐α‐elaeostearic (13.1–15.9%).
VARIOUS DIETARY FIBERS DECREASE THE RATE OF LIPASE‐CATALYZED HYDROLYSIS OF OLIVE OIL IN VITRO
Authors: ABDUL‐HAMID A. , FENNEMA O. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTAn in vitro method was used to evaluate the effect of different types of dietary fiber on the initial rate of hydrolysis of olive oil catalyzed by porcine pancreatic lipase. Lipolysis was measured at pH 6.5 and 37C while stirring at 20 rpm. Excellent recoveries of added known amounts of oleic acid were obtained in control and fiber‐containing samples. Dietary fibers tested (all 3% by weight unless otherwise noted) were: red wheat bran, white wheat bran, oat bran, soyfiber, sugarbeet fiber, chitin, chitosan, cellulose, pectin‐LM and psyllium seed (1.5%). All inhibited lipolysis (35–85%) except cellulose and pectin. The contribution of aqueous extracts of the insoluble fibers to the total inhibitory properties of the fibers were: 0% for the two wheat brans; 100% for oat bran, chitin, chitosan and sugarbeet fiber; and 63% for soyfiber.
MAJOR VOLATILES IN TOASTED SESAME SEED OIL
Authors: PARK DONKEUN , MAGA JOSEPH A. , JOHNSON DUANE L. , MORINI GABRIELLA 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTSesame seed was toasted at 260C for 10 min. Oil was extracted with hexane at room temperature for 10 h. Post‐treatment of the oil was not done. One half gram of TenaxR TA 60/80 (Supelco Inc., Bellefonte, PA) was used for trapping the volatile compounds from one hundred milliliters of toasted sesame seed oil. The procedure was continued for 24 h. The TenaxR TA was washed three times using polar and nonpolar solvents. The solvent extracts were combined and concentrated by drying in a hood at room temperature for 6 h. Two μl of concentrated extract were separated on a 30 m DB 1 bonded phase fused silica capillary column (J&W Scientific, Folsom, CA) with a Hewlett Packard (HP) 5890A gas chromatograph connected to a HP 5790 mass selective spectrometer. Volatiles were tentatively identified with a NBS 43K.1 library by PBM (probability based on matching) search.Seventy‐nine peaks were detected by the mass selective detector. Among those, 66 peaks were tentatively identified. Dimethylsulfide, 4‐methylthiazole, 2,4‐dimethylthiazole, methylpyrazine, 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine, dihydro‐4,5‐dimethyl‐2(3H)‐furanone, dodecane, tetradecane, 2,6‐bis(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐4‐methyl phenol, N,N‐bis (2‐hydroxyethyl)‐dodecamide, cyclododecane, 2,3‐dihydro‐1,1,3‐trimethyl‐3‐phenyl‐1H‐indene, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexa‐decenul, hexudecanoic acid, 9‐octudecenoic mid, ocladecanoic acid, [1,1′:3′,1 ′I‐tephenylJ‐1′‐ol and bis (2‐ethyl hexy1)phthulate were the major volutiles identifled tentdively.
CHEMICAL CHANGES IN STORED TOASTED CRUDE CANOLA AND SESAME SEED OILS
Authors: PARK DONKEUN , MAGA JOSEPH A. , JOHNSON DUANE L. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT‘Alto’canola seed and sesame seed were toasted at 180, 200, 220, 240, and 260C, for 8 min or 10 min. As temperature increased, minor changes in fatty acid composition were observed. Darkness and blueness in canola oil increased with toasting temperatures up to 240C, and then decreased. The darkness, greenness and yellowness of sesame seed oil increased with increasing toasting temperature. The overall color of canola oil was significantly darker than that of sesame seed oil (α 0.05). 2‐Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) numbers for both oils increased as toasting temperature increased. TBA numbers of the canola oil increased with extended storage time up to 4 weeks and then decreased. For sesame seed oil, TBA numbers also were influenced by storage time, but less change was observed than for canola oil. 2‐Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content of canola oil was significantly higher than that for sesame seed oil when TBA numbers were compared to the same treatment.
EFFECTS OF CYCLOPROPENOID FATTY ACIDS (BAOBAB SEED OIL) ON THE FATTY ACID PROFILE OF LIPIDS FROM DIFFERENT TISSUES IN THE RAT
Authors: CAO JUN‐MING , GRESTI JOSEPH , BLOND JEAN PAUL , BÉZARD JEAN 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTRats were fed for 8 weeks a diet containing either Baobab seed oil (FBO) rich in cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) or heated oil (HBO) devoid of CPFA. In FBO rats, compared to controls (CO), the monounsaturated fatty acid content of adipose tissue lipids, liver triacylglycerols, liver and adrenal cholesteryl esters and liver, kidney, adrenal phospholipids were highly decreased to the benefit of saturated fatty acid content. In cholesteryl esters and phospholipids, the arachidonic acid (20:4 n‐6) content was markedly decreased, especially in adrenals. In adrenal cholesteryl esters, adrenic acid (22:4 n‐6) content was decreased more than its precursor. The effects of HBO on the tissue lipid fatty acid profile were practically absent. It is concluded that inhibition of fatty acid desaturation by CPFA previously demonstrated in vitro, was reflected in vivo in tissue lipid fatty acid composition.
EFFECTS OF LIQUID SMOKE ON LIPID OXIDATION IN A BEEF MODEL SYSTEM AND RESTRUCTURED ROASTS
Authors: SCHWANKE SUEANN , IKINS WILLIAM G. , KASTNER CURTIS , BREWER M. SUSAN 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTCommercially available liquid smokes were added to a meat model system and to a restructured beef product to assess their ability to suppress lipid oxidation. Aqueous hickory smoke was the most effective smoke in suppressing oxidation as reflected in 2‐thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of microsomal lipids. Phenol was not antioxidative in the model system. Addition of liquid smoke had no significant effect on “stale, cardboardy, painty” flavor or aroma of restructured beef roast slices stored at 4C. The aroma and flavor of sliced beef deteriorated over the 7‐day storage regardless of liquid smoke addition. Hexanal in the control roasts increased during storage from ∼0 to >3 ppm; those containing aqueous liquid smoke contained little (< 0.5 ppm) hexanal. Smokes, but not the phenol mix, kept TBARS near day zero (0.2 mg/kg) levels through 7 days.
STUDIES ON DEEP FAT FRYING USING BLENDED OILS AND POTATO CHIPS
Authors: SHARMA HARISH KUMAR , SINGHAL REKHA S. , KULKARNI PUSHPA R. , GHOLAP ACHYUT S. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTDehydrated potato chips were fried in pure coconut and groundnut oils and their blends in order to study the pattern of uptake of oil constituents during frying. Investigations on the analysis of the oil and fatty acid composition in the fried product and the oil remaining in the frying pan suggested a preferential uptake of saturated lipid constituents by the potato chips, while the oil remaining in the frying pan was rich in unsaturated constituents. This effect was accentuated in blended oils, although it was also observed in pure oils.