bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Technology Acceptance: Overview
Authors: Daneshy A. A. , Bahorich M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The slow pace of technology acceptance is a concern for many in the oil and gas industry. A group of over 90 executives and leaders of the industry gathered in mid-March to discuss and analyze the causes and recommend steps to accelerate technology acceptance. Six issues were identified as determining factors for rate of technology acceptance in this industry. Each was discussed in depth during half-day-long breakout sessions and results are presented in companion papers by other authors1,2,3,4,5,6.
The group also had a number of summary recommendations for accelerating technology acceptance. These were: Encourage active participation of company leadership Create technology-receptive company cultures Focus on value proposition Create incentives and rewards for successful use of technology Introduce mechanisms to reduction risk for early adopters Align the goals of operators and service companies Increase funding and involvement of venture capital for technology Encourage oil industry personnel to be more receptive to technology Communication of success stories more effectively
This paper provides the historical background of the topic and presents a list of general items recommended by the group.
Discussion of each specific topic of the breakout sessions along with results and recommendations are presented in companion papers.
Designing and Implementing Deepwater Extended-Reach Sand-Control Initial Completions and Interventions
Authors: Pourciau R. D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
World and Gulf of Mexico record setting extended reach naturally perforated water injection, frac-pack producing completions, and frac-pack producing selective completion interventions were successfully implemented in the Gulf of Mexico, Deepwater, Petronius Field. Success was achieved through careful planning of procedures and equipment specifications. This paper describes the planning for the challenging completion and intervention operations along with the lessons learned while implementing these case history wells.
Project Atlas: Operational Excellence Process Standardization
Authors: Norrie H. G. , Hunt R. J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Chevron Corporation has created an Operational Excellence Management System that contains 46 Expectations that detail specific requirements for the management of safety, health, environment, reliability and efficiency. In order to meet these expectations, Chevron International Exploration and Production (CIEP) is standardizing all of its health, environment, safety, reliability and efficiency (HESRE) processes across all ten of its Strategic Business Units (SBUs).
CIEP formed a project team (Project Atlas) to develop and deploy standardized health, environment, and safety (HES) processes. A separate project was formed to deal with reliability and efficiency processes.
This paper describes the genesis of Project Atlas, the standardization process, the experiences and the results of the first round of processes to be standardized, and some of the challenges along the way. Aspects of the business case for standardization are detailed. The paper will also explore some of the issues and obstacles faced during implementation.
Carbon Dioxide Capture and Geological Storage: Contributing to Climate Change Solutions
Authors: Kheshgi H. , Cappelen F. , Lee A. , Crookshank S. , Heilbrunn A. , Mikus T. , Robson W. , Senior B. , Stileman T. , Warren L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Concern about global climate change, and the challenges and risks it poses, will require sustained efforts to develop understanding and effective solutions while at the same time meeting the growing needs of society for energy. The development and utilization of technologies to capture and then store CO2 in underground formations offer significant potential for reducing CO2 emissions. This paper is based on the outcomes of an IPIECA workshop to advance understanding of the role of CO2 capture and geologic storage, and strategies to improve its performance and prospects. It considers CO2 capture and geological storage as a potential option for reducing future emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) from the extraction of resources, the production and use of fuels, and the generation of electricity. In doing so it examines: roles CO2 capture and geologic storage may play over the next century extending from the current assessment of this technology family; risk management to ensure safe and secure geologic storage drawing from understanding and past experiences; public perception, policy and regulatory frameworks that pose opportunities and barriers for CO2 capture and geologic storage and; initiatives and strategies to advance CO2 capture and geologic storage by reducing cost and risk, and developing sound regulatory and policy frameworks to encourage development of options for deep reductions in CO2 emissions.
Innovations in Task-Based Risk Assessments
Authors: Lang K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Innovations in Task Based Risk assessments
Risk Assessment and Job Safety Analysis techniques are being used to drive down accident rates in geographically diverse oil and gas industry sectors. This paper focuses on sharing practices that can be used to make a significant contribution to the safety of tasks during operations.
These learnings and the practices derived are important in the operational processes of drilling and workover activities. Applicable by supervisors and safety leaders at the conceptual stage, immediately prior to work commencing and whilst work is ongoing, the issues are of critical importance in both development of safety culture at the sites and in the design of training programmes. They offer the opportunity to benchmark HS&E Risk Management systems and allow the delivery of sustained HS&E performance through the sharing of best practices.
The practice of applying task-based Risk Assessment has been a "painful" one for drilling Operations with a continual process of learning and innovation resulting in the process being increasingly effective. Continued progress towards the goal of an incident free working environment can be enhanced by some key observations, these centre on how rig-based staff and onshore staff may use the same language, but may mean and practice different things. Existing technologies may offer significant opportunities for HS&E risk identification and management but are themselves only part of the jigsaw. Finally, this paper demonstrates how examination of the people and system practices that contribute to "excellence in risk assessment", can create a powerful tool in driving towards zero incidents.
Conclusions highlight the failures inherent in some existing HS&E Risk Management approaches where risk management is seen as a "requirement" or one that that legitimizes the unsafe acts. Examples are offered of the innovations of existing systems outlining the associated benefits.
Comprehensive Risk-Evaluation Approaches for International E&P Operations
Authors: Clare J. B. , Armstrong L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Managers of exploration and production (E&P) projects and operations are often required to make decisions based on a variety of factors including but not limited to safety, finance, security, and company reputation. Often these factors are hard to quantify or may be in direct conflict with each other. Therefore, it is critical that decision makers utilize an approach to assessing risks associated with each factor in a consistent and defensible manner. The selected approach needs to be robust enough to sufficiently quantify the risk, but simple enough to allow for ease of use and interpretation of results. In this paper, we present several approaches by which risk criteria can be defined and then present resulting risk profiles for E&P operations in developing nations, thereby increasing the number of tools available to those faced with making such business decisions.
The Use of Probabilistic Analysis for Estimating Drilling Time and Costs While Evaluating Economic Benefits of New Technologies
Authors: Hariharan P. R. , Judge R. A. , Nguyen D. M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
There has been limited published work involving the applications of probabilistic methods in drilling engineering, particularly when estimating drilling times and costs. This fact is even more acute when considering the evaluation of new drilling technologies. Traditionally, drilling costs have been estimated using deterministic methods, where little scope exists to incorporate an estimation of risks and non-productive time (NPT) in a meaningful manner. In deepwater drilling where the costs of a single well can easily run into tens of millions of dollars, the value of using probabilistic methods enables the economic evaluation of risks in a quantitative and understandable manner. Within such a probabilistic framework, it is possible to more accurately evaluate the range of potential economic impacts of new technologies for work and process improvement for drilling cost reduction such that the rewards and risk can be clearly understood.
This paper presents a new approach and a tool for estimation of drilling time and costs. The tool uses a commercially available software package capable of conducting Monte Carlo simulation and analysis. The well is modeled using a user-friendly interface with the two primary variables being the timings for drilling activities and individual cost components, both of which are defined as probabilistic distributions rather than a single number. Further, non-productive-times (NPT's) are also incorporated and described as distributions where applicable. An example case is presented to illustrate the benefits of using probabilistic methods compared to deterministic methods with the main advantage clearly shown while trying to model risk. The benefits become clearly evident while trying to gauge the usefulness of novel technologies where very limited historical information is usually available.
The paper also includes an interesting survey conducted through the SPE that shows the prevalence of (or lack of) the use of probabilistic methods in the drilling industry today.
Biodiversity Mapping at the Ormen Lange Field
Authors: Hasle J. R. , Jensen T. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Ormen Lange field is located at water depths of 800 to 1100 m, within the scar of the gigantic prehistoric Storegga Slide. The seabed in the area very rugged, with small softbottom troughs between peaks and ridges formed by slide blocks. The baseline survey and biodiversity mapping of the field therefore utilized both ROV survey with video transects, and traditional sediment sampling for macrofauna investigation. These complement each other, and were necessary in order to get a full overview of the benthic communities in the area.
Modernization of the API Recommended Practice on Rheology and Hydraulics: Creating Easy Access to Integrated Wellbore Fluids Engineering
Authors: Bern P. A. , Morton E. K. , Zamora M. , May R. , Moran D. , Hemphill T. , Robinson L. , Cooper I. , Shah S. , Flores D. V. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Tailoring drilling fluid hydraulics is one important key to the success of a drilling operation. Failure to do so can result in costly problems, negatively impact equipment longevity and performance, and ultimately jeopardize overall well objectives. In recent years the industry methods have deviated from API RP13D Standard Practice. This departure has been driven primarily by the increasingly onerous demands of critical wells, coupled with readily accessible computer power.
In 2003 a Task Group was formed to modernize the existing API Recommended Practice Bulletin on Rheology and Hydraulics. It comprised a cross-functional team of operators, suppliers and academics which set an aggressive target to modernize the existing standard within two years. The focus was to develop simple, yet accurate methods, which could be readily implemented with basic spread-sheeting skills.
This paper describes improvements made to the existing procedures and provides an illustration of how these methods can be applied to complex well designs. The paper also serves to introduce the industry to a modernized API Standard which offers an ideal foundation to inform new engineers of the fundamental concepts of hydraulic design and optimization.
Organisational Core Values
Authors: Al-Marzouqi Y. , Madhavan P. S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Researchers and practitioners largely agree that values form the cornerstone of behaviour of people not only in societies but also in teams, groups and organizations. Recent fall of some of the large corporates which failed to articulate and reinforce the corporate values and ethics, emphasize the need for identifying and reinforcing values and ethics in companies beyond doubt. The benefits of managing values and ethics at workplace are many and it can help leaders and managers immensely not only to communicate but also to control disruptive behaviors at work. This is more today when many companies are recruiting people with diverse background and on a global scale. If articulated and communicated well, the core values of a company acts as a powerful induction tool for new recruits which can help them to be more successful in their career.
In the context of organizations, values represent enduring beliefs that we hold and therefore influence our actions, attitudes, choices and decisions. They represent our collective sense of what is good for the company, its employees, Shareholders and society. Ethics refers to application of right values in our personal life as well as work life. While it is easy to define values and ethics, it is extremely difficult to identify the core values and reinforce them in a "proper way" in organizational context. While shortcut methods such as identification through a board meeting are available, and the fact that such methods also work if implemented with an "iron hand", from change management point of view, getting voluntary "buy in" from all stakeholders is not easy. This paper explains the process adopted by ADCO to tackle this issue and sumamrises the lessons learned from the real life project namely articulation and reinforcement of core values of ADCO
Hydrocarbon Gas Storage Tank Blanketing for FPSOs To Eliminate VOC Emissions
Authors: Childs M. S. , Sipkema A. W. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Inert Gas blanketing as used by FPSOs for crude storage tanks results in significant VOC emissions to the atmosphere.
The HC blanketing system shows significant reduction in emissions compared to the Inert Blanketing system. The Carbon Costing methodology and the CAPEX estimates show the comparable savings vs. investments, excluding the potential positive effects on reputation management.
The HC blanketing option therefore presents a serious environmental emissions reduction opportunity, that warrants a dedicated effort to make it work on future FPSOs.
Managed-Pressure Drilling (MPD) Field Trials Demonstrate Technology Value
Authors: Saponja J. , Adeleye A. , Hucik B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Is this the beginning of the end of weighted mud systems? An advanced well control practice called Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) is staged to challenge the conventional drilling practice of when in doubt "weight it up".
Formation overpressures have traditionally forced operators to weight-up mud systems in order to advance drilling operations while preventing formation fluids invasion. A direct consequence of increased mud weight is a dramatic reduction in drilling Rate of Penetration (ROP), requirement for additional casing seats/strings and increased well control risks due to kicks from losses. This drilling hazard has represented a major source of invisible or intangible lost time and hence, cost.
A drilling hazard mitigation multi-well trial was carried out to investigate and quantify the reduction in ROP as a result of mud weight increases to overcome troublesome formation overpressures and associated High Pressure Low Volume (HPLV) nuisance gas. Without increasing mud weight to control overpressures, MPD technology was applied to safely and cost effectively drill through overpressures and avoid an intermediate casing string normally used to isolate a loss zone.
MPD trial results examined in this paper addresses many of the issues and provides forward-looking statements regarding large-scale introduction of the system to other fields. The multi-well trial results showed a close match to the predicted MPD ROP curve, achieving an economically rewarding ROP gain of at least 2.5 times and gross well cost reductions of over 20%, without recordable troublesome zone Non-Productive Time (NPT). Initial concerns of borehole instabilities using lightweight mud with borehole pressures less than the adjacent pore pressure were not observed (in both vertical and directional well cases).
A Process Approach to Management System Auditing
Authors: McCulloch B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A critical driver for business success and a strategic intent of Chevron is operational excellence (OE). OE is defined as "the systematic management of safety, health, environment, reliability, and efficiency to achieve world-class performance". The Operational Excellence Management System (OEMS) is Chevron's standard approach for achieving this goal. The OEMS consists of three parts: Leadership Accountability, Management System process, and OE expectations.
Chevron is using a process approach to implement OE. For processes to be effective and sustainable, they must be documented and incorporate in their design and operation the following five components:
Purpose, Scope, and Objectives Procedures Resources, Roles, and Responsibilities Measurement and Verification Continual Improvement
The rigor with which each OE process is designed and implemented is based on the organization's risk for that work. In brief, there is a common OE framework (i.e., a set of OE processes each with five components) but the contents of each process are specific to each organization.
Chevron's Corporate OE Review process plays an integral role in OEMS implementation. OE Reviews are designed to assess an organization's ability to meet Chevron's requirements for operational excellence including Leadership Accountability, the Management System process, and OE expectations. The Reviews assess both the design and effectiveness of the processes a unit has in place to meet the OEMS requirements. The key shift in direction is that the OE Reviews now focus on performance (results) and not on compliance.
This paper will describe the process approach methodology used by Chevron to assess OEMS implementation and effectiveness within its operations. Benefits of the process approach compared to traditional conformity auditing will be reviewed. A focus of the discussion will be on the challenges faced by the organization in moving to a process-based management system, including redirection of the internal Corporate OE Reviews. The paper will also illustrate the use of third-party verification to confirm the process meets the intent of both ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 expectations.
World's First TTRD Well Drilled From a Floating Platform in the Njord Field, North Sea—From Concept Study to Reality
Authors: Flatekvaal T. , Saeverhagen E. , Eng O. E. , Jepson N. , Oyovwevotu J. , Namtvedt J. F. , Price M. M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper will describe the concept study, pre-planning and drilling of test-well BETA BHB-11 and Njord well 6407/7-A-9 AH, which is the world's first Through Tubing Rotary Drilling (TTRD) well drilled from a floating platform, where specific technology developments for a TTRD Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) were required.
The challenges to maintain the integrity of the existing sub-sea well completion, and pass through of the Down Hole Safety Valve (DHSV) with an nominal ID of 5 7/8", together with the specific BHA requirements to drill in this highly depleted reservoir, were addressed by the application of a TTRD BHA built up by bi-centre bit, 3D Rotary Steerable System (RSS), or Rotary Closed Loop System (RLCS), real time hole caliper, enhanced bit rotation from an integrated modular Positive Displacement Motor (PDM), real time pressure, vibration and bending moment monitoring sub. Low flow BHA setup, and a Dog Leg Severity (DLS) capability of 6-8°/30m.
The Wellbore Quality Scorecard (WQS)
Authors: Mason C. J. , Chen D. C.-K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Wellbore quality is a term commonly used in the drilling community; however its meaning is not consistently understood, its context sometimes confused and its value to the industry unknown. For many drilling engineers, a quality wellbore is most often associated with a directionally drilled borehole that is smooth, in-gauge, and has minimal spiralling. Some of the claimed benefits of such a wellbore include enhanced drilling performance, ease of running casing, improved logging tool responses and superior cement jobs. To date it has been too difficult or too complex to directly relate such benefits to wellbore quality in a meaningful way. This paper describes a new initiative which has the aim of reducing subjectivity around the quantification of wellbore quality. The resulting scheme is a process which is embedded in what is called the Wellbore Quality Scorecard (WQS).
The WQS process involves scoring of drilling, tripping-out and casing running responses for any drilled hole section. The paper provides background information on issues concerned with wellbore quality and describes the framework that defines the WQS framework. Risks and complexities associated with the WQS are discussed and suggestions made that will improve the robustness of the proposed system. If properly implemented the WQS has the potential to allow operators to consistently recognise good and poor operational practices and could also provide an alternative method to assess service provider performance.
Occupational Health and Safety Profiling
Authors: Lightfoot R. M. , Susler O. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The comparison of the databases of OSHA's, and the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (O.G.P) and Australian Petroleum and Exploration Association (APPEA), record a significant number of fatal and severe accidents in Exploration & Production (E&P) operations. To minimize these accidents, methodologies need to be adopted that determine the nature and severity of all hazards which may result in death or compensable injury.
Traditionally, OH&S has been viewed as a lone silo of activity. The extent of impact OH&S can have is not fully appreciated by all sectors of an organisation. The effects of OH&S are across an organisation and its interaction should be examined accordingly.
Any accident should be considered as an event. There are stakeholders in such events, some acting in a pro-active manner and others re-active to the extent that their actions will threaten the financial performance of the organisation, whilst others could threaten the viability or existence of the organisation.
The examination of the stakeholder relationship, determination of the hazards and the development of matrices based on likelihood and consequence, provide a way of profiling of risk within the organisation.
By profiling, the relative importance of the risk is determined. Once a risk profile has been established, risks that are unacceptable and those whose remedial treatment is desirable are costed and the maximum risk reduction benefit can be achieved for the minimum budget allocation.