bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of plasma testosterone and prostate carcinoma size by a redox‐based, brain‐targeted estrogen delivery system in the rat
Authors: Rahimy Mohamad H. , Bodor Nicolas , Simpkins James W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStudies were undertaken to examine the effects of an estradiol‐chemical delivery system (E2‐CDS) or castration (CAST) on plasma testosterone (T) and growth of the Segaloff 11095 carcinoma. Fischer 344 rats were implanted subcutaneously with the Segaloff 11095 tumor and tumor growth was monitored thereafter. After optimal tumor growth, when the average tumor size was ∼25 × 15 mm (length × width; 4–5 g wet weight), rats were randomized into (1) testis‐intact controls; (2) CAST; (3) intact + E2‐CDS groups (rats received weekly injection of the E2‐CDS at 0.5 mg/kg). Animals were killed 7 or 14 days after the initiation of treatments. Blood and tissue samples were collected for subsequent analysis. Plasma T levels were suppressed by 98% and 97% through 14 days after CAST or E2‐CDS treatment. CAST increased plasma gonadotropin (LH) concentrations, while E2‐CDS reduced LH compared to intact control levels. E2‐CDS treatment increased plasma E2 levels to 24 (one injection) or 75 pg/ml (two injections) at 7 or 14 days, respectively. E2‐CDS, given once a week for 2 consecutive weeks, resulted in a decreased growth of the prostate tumor by 61%, while CAST reduced the weights of these tumors by only 20%. In response to E2‐CDS (one or two injections), weights of the in situ ventral prostate and seminal vesicles were significantly reduced by 70% and 50%, respectively, in tumorbearing rats. Similarly, CAST reduced the weights of these tissues by 80% (prostate) or 52% (seminal vesicle) at 7 or 14 days after treatment. Pituitary weight increased, while testes weight decreased by 20% with two injections of E2‐CDS, compared with intact control rats. Collectively, these data indicate that E2‐CDS is effective in reducing the growth rate of prostatic tumors in the rat. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
p53 oncogene mutations in three human prostate cancer cell lines
Authors: Carroll Alan G. , Voeller H. James , Sugars Lavencia , Gelmann Edward P. 
Published: February 2007

Abstractp53 gene structure and chromosome 17p alleles were studied in the three human prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP, DU‐145, and PC‐3. Our laboratory has two separate culture lines of the LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. One strain, LNCaP‐GW, had a mutation in one of two alleles at position 273 (arg > his). This mutation could not be detected in a second strain of LNCaP, LNCaP‐ATCC. Immunohistochemical staining for P53 protein in the cell lines indicated that protein overexpression in LNCaP was heterogeneous, even in clonal isolates derived from LNCaP‐GW that contained the codon 273 mutation in every cell. We also performed in vitro and in vivo growth analysis to compare the LNCaP‐GW and LNCaP‐ATCC cells. LNCaP‐GW grew more rapidly than LNCaP‐ATCC in vitro. However, LNCaP‐ATCC formed tumors efficiently when inoculated into nude mice, whereas LNCaP‐GW formed tumors much less efficiently. Consideration must be given to the notion that some of these p53 mutations arose during in vitro passage. We also confirmed published findings with two other human prostate cancer cell lines. In DU‐145, two mutations were found in the p53 gene. A mutation at codon 274 (pro > leu) and a second mutation at codon 223 (val > phe) were present. PC‐3 cells were hemizygous for chromosome 17p. The single copy of the p53 gene had a base pair deletion at codon 138 that generated a frame shift and a new in‐frame stop codon at position 169. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of prostate secretory protein with prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase as a serum biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring patients with prostate carcinoma
Authors: Huang Chia‐Ling , Brassil Diane , Rozzell Monica , Schellhammer Paul F. , Wright George L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum prostate secretory protein (PSP) levels were measured in 49 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 144 patients with various stages of prostatic carcinoma (CaP), and 82 CaP patients who were followed serially. PSP values were compared with serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). In the BPH group, PSP was elevated (> 10 ng/ml) in 41% of patients, whereas PSA (> 4 ng/ml) and PAP (> 3.3 ng/ml) were elevated in 39% and 23% of the cases, respectively. PSP levels were elevated in 48% of the CaP pretreatment specimens, compared to 79% for PSA and 40% for PAP. PSP levels in cancer patients who had intracapsular disease were about two to three times higher than those observed for PAP. PSP was found to be the only marker elevated in eight (6%) pretreatment CaP patient serum specimens, while PAP was never found to be elevated when PSA was normal. PSP serum concentrations correlated with the clinical course of the disease in 79% of patients, compared with 90% for PSA and 66% for PAP. In certain patients, monitored over time, disease correlation was reflected in serum values with only a single biomarker, i.e., 1% with PAP, 8% with PSP, and 10% with PSA. This study has shown that PSP is a less sensitive serum biomarker than PSA, but more sensitive than PAP for detection and monitoring the early stages of prostate cancer. This suggests that PSP as a biomarker may be a useful adjunct for the management of a subpopulation of low‐stage and ‐grade CaP. © 1993 Wilcy‐Liss, Inc.
Heat shock protein response in a prostate tumor model to interstitial thermotherapy: Implications for clinical treatment
Authors: Paulus J. A. , Tucker R. D. , Flanagan S. W. , Moseley P. L. , Loening S. A. , Park J. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHyperthermia is being utilized individually and in conjunction with other therapies in treating malignant and benign tumors, though few studies have examined cellular effects of elevated temperatures in the prostate model. Highly conserved proteins of the 70 kDa heat shock protein family (HSP 70) are produced in response to environmental stresses, including heat, and are found in all organisms. HSPs are an indicator of cell damage, are associated with thermotolerance, and provide cells with transient resistance to subsequent thermal challenges. Transient thermotolerance is important in the determination of temperature, duration, and sequencing for treatments. This preliminary study analyzes the HSP 70 response of the Dunning R3327 adenocarcinoma model to a single 50°C 1 hr treatment. Elevated HSP levels were found between 10 and 16 hr, returning to baseline by 24 hr. As some fractions of the cells are able to produce HSP 70 following treatment, the data suggest that currently utilized clinical temperatures (42–46°C) administered for 1 hr are inadequate. HSP levels in response to hyperthermia, radiation, and chemotherapy may be useful in finding optimal treatment regimens for prostate cancer. © 1993 wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of cis‐4‐hydroxy‐L‐proline on the androgen‐lnduced growth of the prostate of the prepubertally castrated guinea pig
Authors: Wong Y. C. , Chan Franky L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present study examined the effects of cis‐4‐hydroxy‐L‐proline (CHP), a proline analog, on the androgen‐induced growth of the lateral prostate of prepubertally castrated guinea pigs. Prepubertal male guinea pigs were castrated at the age of 3 weeks and allowed to recover completely before subjection to an experimental regime to alter the stromal collagen synthesis by CHP. The animals were kept on a special proline‐deficient diet (PDD) for a week before the subcutaneous injection of CHP (200 mg/kg/day) for 3 days, followed by a combined injection of CHP and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (10 mg/kg/day) for 10 days. Control animals were injected with saline and DHT only. At the end of the experiment, the lateral prostate was removed and examined by 1) conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 2) staining of proteoglycans (PGs) by Cuprolinic Blue (CB) using the critical electrolyte concentration (CEC) method, 3) carbohydrate and lectin histochemistry, and 4) electron microscopy (EM) lectin‐gold labelling. The results showed that the wet weight of prostate from CHP‐treated animals was significantly lower than the control and recovery groups. The epithelium was low columnar with an obvious increase in intercellular spaces and number of basal cells. The glandular cells showed little secretory activity with a decrease in number of granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER) profiles, secretory granules, and a small Golgi apparatus. The stroma was composed of stromal cells separated by large intercellular spaces with very sparse collagen fibrils, and a decrease in stromal PGs especially those PGs normally associated with collagen fibrils. CHP treatment also caused perturbation and disorganization in the epithelial basement membrane. The results suggested that stromal collagen is essential in mediating the response of glandular cells to DHT stimulation. Defective stromal collagens hamper the responsiveness of prostatic gland to androgen. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of the nonsteroidal antiandrogen nilutamide on adrenal androgen secretion
Authors: Decensi A. , Torrisi R. , Pensa F. , Padovani P. , Marroni P. , Boccardo F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe nonsteroidal androgen‐receptor antagonist nilutamide has previously been shown to inhibit adrenal androgen steroidogenesis in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated in combination with an LHRH agonist. In order to understand better the mechanisms subserving this observation, we have studied the effects of nilutamide alone on the serum concentrations of androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and DHEA‐sulphate (DHEA‐S) in 12 patients with prostatic cancer and compared them with those achieved in 21 patients treated with the agonist D‐Trp‐6‐LHRH. In addition, the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)‐stimulated adrenal response and the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)‐stimulated prolactin (PRL) response observed in the patients treated with nilutamide were compared with a control group of healthy age‐matched controls. No significant variation in the basal concentrations of adrenal androgens occurred either within or between both treatment groups. In response to ACTH, a decreased 17‐α hydroxyprogesterone (17‐OHP) accumulation and an augmented A/17‐OHP ratio were observed in the antiandrogen group (P < 0.05 for both), suggesting the partial removal of the 17,20 lyase block which was distinctive of the untreated controls, while no significant difference was found for other steroids. Basal PRL levels were not affected by the antiandrogen, but the response to TRH was increased. We conclude that no significant inhibition of adrenal androgen secretion occurs after nilutamide or LHRH agonist treatment. Rather, administration of the antiandrogen alone may partially remove the physiologic decrease in adrenal androgen secretion observed in the elderly. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estramustine potentiates the radiation effect in human prostate tumor transplant in nude mice
Authors: Eklöv Solveig , Westlin Jan‐Erik , Rikner Göran , Nilsson Sten 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study, we have investigated the combined effect of estramustine treatment and external beam radiation on human prostatic cancer tumor cells (DU 145) transplanted in nude mice. The treatment was given according to two different schedules. In the first treatment regimen, estramustine was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) intermittently for 20 days. The radiation therapy, which was started on day 9, was given with 6 Gy fractions during an 11‐day‐long period to a total dose of 36 Gy. The combination treatment (estramustine + radiation) resulted in a significant tumor growth retardation as compared to the control group. This pronounced effect was seen neither with radiation alone nor with estramustine alone. In order to further extend the radiation treatment time, a second therapy regimen was employed. In this part of the study, estramustine was administrated i.p. intermittently for 26 days. The radiation therapy, which was started on day 6, was given with 4 Gy fractions during a 21‐day‐long period to a total dose of 40 Gy. Under these conditions, a significant tumor growth retardation was disclosed, when comparing the combination treatment (estramustine + radiation) with radiation alone.The tumors were analyzed for content of necrosis and proliferative activity. The largest proportion of necrosis was seen in the combination (estramustine + radiation) treatment group. Also, the tumors from this group expressed a decreased proliferative activity.The data indicate that estramustine acts as a radiosensitizing agent in human prostatic cancer cells in vivo. The radiosensitizing properties of the drug encourage further studies with respect to clinical application. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Responses to the antagonistic analog of LH‐RH (SB‐75, cetrorelix) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic cancer
Authors: Gonzalez‐Barcena David , Vadillo‐Buenfil M. , Gomez‐Orta F. , Garcia M. Fuentes , Cardenas‐Cornejo I. , Graef‐Sanchez A. , Comaru‐Schally Ana Maria , Schally Andrew V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmong new highly potent antagonistic analogs of luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LH‐RH), containing neutral hydrophilic D‐ureidoalkyl amino acids such as D‐Cit and D‐Hci at position 6 and free of edematogenic and anaphylactoid reactions, Ac‐D‐Nal(2)1, D‐Ph(4Cl)2, D‐Pa1(3)3, D‐Cit6, D‐Ala10 (LH‐RH) (SB‐75; Cetrorelix) was shown to be one of the most powerful. In this trial, we evaluated the response to 500 μg SB‐75 given every 12 hr subcutaneously (sc) for 4 weeks in 11 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 6 weeks in 6 prostatic cancer patients (2 stage C, 4 stage D2). In patients with BPH presenting with prostatism and urinary outflow obstruction, there was a noticeable clinical improvement after the first week of SB‐75 administration. This improvement continued during the course of treatment. Before therapy with SB‐75, the serum levels of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) (6.73 ± 1.46 ng/ml), acid phosphatases, total (12.67 ± 1.15 U/l), and prostatic (2.27 ± 0.34 U/l), were mildly elevated, but declined to normal values at 4 weeks: (2.13 ± 0.59 ng/ml; P < 0.01), (7.68 ± 0.89 U/l; P < 0.01), and (1.39 ± 0.18 U/l; P < 0.01), respectively. Mean prostatic volume assessed by ultrasonography showed a significant decrease in all patients from 67.84 ± 8.86 to 37.92 ± 8.52 cm3; P < 0.01, which represents a reduction of 44%. In patients with prostate cancer, after the first week of therapy with SB‐75, we observed a significant decrease in bone pain, relief in urinary outflow obstruction, and reversal of the signs of prostatism. Subjective improvement continued during the following weeks of treatment, so that the patients no longer needed analgesics. PSA, acid, and alkaline phosphatases gradually fell, achieving nearly normal values at 6 weeks. Initial serum testosterone levels in BPH and prostatic cancer patients were within normal limits, but during treatment with the antagonistic analog SB‐75, fell to castration values. A major fall in free testosterone levels was observed after the first dose; the maximal inhibition was seen after 6‐12 hr, with a simultaneous decrease in levels of both gonadotropins. Our results show that antagonist 58‐75 can be safely administered for prolonged periods of time. The rapid shrinkage of the prostate and concomitant improvement in obstructive symptoms of prostatism obtained with antagonistic analog SB‐75 in patients with BPH may decrease the morbidity of prostatic surgery and offer a therapeutic alternative in men who are considered poor surgical risks. Antagonist SB‐75 could also be useful for the treatment of prostatic cancer, but further studies are required. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of chronic oral administration of a selective 5α‐reductase inhibitor, finasteride, on the dog prostate
Authors: Laroque P. A. , Prahalada S. , Gordon L. R. , Noblot S. Molon , Bagdon W. J. , Duprat P. , Peter C. P. , Van Zwieten M. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractYoung mature dogs received finasteride, a selective 5α‐reductase inhibitor, orally at 0, 5, 15, and 45 mg/kg/day for 27 or 53 weeks. The effect of finasteride administration on prostatic size and morphology was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Changes in glandular and fibromuscular compartments were quantitated by a point counting method on trichrome‐stained sections. Finasteride administration induced a decrease of mean prostatic weights and epithelial atrophy in all treated groups. No changes in testicular weights and morphology were observed. The greatest prostatic shrinkage was obtained in the group receiving 45 mg/kg/day for 53 weeks; compared to placebo controls, the percent decreases in absolute volumes occupied by epithelium, lumens, fibrovascular stroma, and smooth muscle were 88, 97, 51 and 72, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that prostatic shrinkage following finasteride administration results from a decrease in both glandular and fibromuscular compartments. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Androgenic regulation of phosphorylation and stability of nucleolar protein nucleolin in rat ventral prostate
Authors: Tawfic Sherif , Goueli Said A. , Ahmed Khalil , Olson Mark O. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNucleolin is an abundant nucleolar phosphoprotein which has been implicated as a factor in various stages of ribosome synthesis, including transcription. Since androgens exert a profound effect on the rRNA synthesis in the target organ prostate, we have examined the nature of androgenic regulation of the amount and phosphorylation of nucleolin in this tissue. Phosphorylation of prostatic nucleolin is catalyzed in part by heparin‐sensitive casein kinase 2 (CK‐2) and by another (heparin‐insensitive) protein kinase. Both the amount and phosphorylation of prostatic nucleolin are profoundly sensitive to androgens. Rapid reduction in the level and phosphorylation of nucleolin occurs following androgen deprivation, which corresponds to the ensuing cessation of prostatic growth leading to involution. Further, the loss of nucleolin phosphorylation and its degradation appear to be concordant. Administration of a single injection of 5α‐dihydrotestosterone to castrated animals causes an early increase in the amount and phosphorylation of nucleolin, starting in the prereplicative phase in the prostatic cell nucleus. These data suggest that early androgenic regulation of nucleolin expression and phosphorylation may play a role in nucleolar control mechanisms relevant to prostatic cell growth. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunoglobulin binding factor: A new tumor marker for prostatic tumors
Authors: Maeda Nobuhiko , Kamada Masaharu , Daitoh Toshifumi , Maegawa Masahiko , Hirano Kohki , Aono Toshihiro , Shiotsu Tomoyuki , Kanayama Hiroomi , Kagawa Susumu , Futaki Shiroh , Muraguchi Masahiro , Ohmoto Yasukazu , Liang Zhi Guo , Koide S. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman seminal plasma contains an immunoglobulin gamma binding factor (IgBF) with an estimated molecular weight of 16 kD under reducing condition. IgBF was detected only in the prostate, including benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and neoplasm. The present study was performed to determine whether IgBF is a useful prostatic marker. Serum IgBF levels were measured in patients with prostatic tumors and in control patients without tumor by radioimmunoassay. Serum prostatic‐specific antigen (PSA), the standard prostatic marker, was also determined. Serum IgBF levels in patients with prostate cancer were significantly higher than those in age‐matched controls (P < 0.05). Also, patients with BPH tended to have elevated IgBF levels than the controls, although the values were not statistically significant. In control patients, serum IgBF levels increased with advancing age. There was no correlation between serum levels of IgBF and PSA in patients with prostate cancer. Using cut‐off level at 28.5 ng/ml (2 S.D. above the mean IgBF level of age‐matched control), the sensitivities were 41.2% (7117) for prostate cancer, 23.1% (6/26) for BPH, and 5.6% (1/18) for control patients. In conclusion, serum IgBF is a useful marker in the diagnosis of patients with prostatic tumor, and in evaluating the course of treatment. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isocitric and citric acid in human prostatic and seminal fluid: Implications for prostatic metabolism and secretion
Authors: Kavanagh J. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman prostatic secretion is remarkably rich in citric acid but the mechanisms to account for this accumulation are not well understood. One factor may be the extent of citrate oxidation to isocitrate, catalyzed by aconitase. The citrate‐to‐isocitrate ratio will help characterize the relative significance of this reaction in prostatic production and secretion of citrate.Isocitric acid and citric acid were measured in samples of seminal fluid and expressed prostatic secretion (EPS). A constant ratio between citrate and isocitrate of about 33:1 was found (r = 0.93, P < 0.0001) despite the wide variation in concentrations. Citrate ranged from 1 to 180 mM in EPS and from 13 to 50 mM in seminal fluid while isocitrate varied between 0 to 4.8 mM in EPS and from 0.4 to 1.5 mM in seminal fluid.Isocitrate is present in EPS and semen at much higher levels than found in most other animal or plant tissues or fluids and may be actively secreted by the same mechanism as citrate. The high citrate to isocitrate ratio of about 33:1, compared to the expected value of about 10:1, supports suggestions that citrate to isocitrate oxidation by aconitase is a rate limiting step in prostatic citrate metabolism. A low aconitase activity will therefore play a significant role in enabling accumulation of high citrate levels in prostatic epithelia and acini. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.