bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual behaviour of institutionalised residents with dementia – a qualitative study
Authors: Tzeng Yu‐Ling , Lin Li‐Chan , Shyr Yea‐Ing Lotus , Wen Jung‐Kwang 
Published: March 2009

Aims.  The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of and the contexts related to sexual behaviours among institutionalised residents with dementia.Background.  Institutionalised residents with dementia are frequently unable to manage their sexual needs properly resulting in caregivers having a more conservative and passive attitude toward residents with dementia than those with higher cognitive status.Design.  A grounded theory study.Methods.  The participants in this study were institutionalised older people with dementia and their formal caregivers. Data were collected using in‐depth, face‐to‐face interviews of 12 formal caregivers and by observing 12 institutional older people with dementia for three days. All observations were recorded and interview data were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim.Results.  The results indicated that the predisposing factors included having opportunity, presence of a cooperative target and personal space without privacy. The sexual expressions of institutionalised older people with dementia included: physically intimate touch, sexual expression without touching others and sexual talk. Responses by individuals to sexual behaviour from another resident included neutral response, negative response and positive response.Conclusion.  To provide better care, it is recommended that an inventory regarding sexual expression for clinical and research usage be constructed from the research results.Relevance to clinical practice.  The findings of this study can provide the basis to develop on‐the‐job training programmes for sexual education of residents with dementia in institutions. Regular seminars on sexual care for the residents with dementia might be beneficial for managing sexual issues among residents and to decrease caregivers’ burden.
Anti‐Tja ‐ Another Family Example
Authors: McNEIL Crichton , TRENTELMAN Elmer F. , THOMAS Miles 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe 14th and 15th cases of natural isoagglutinin, anti‐Tj a are reported in sibs of Italian extraction. Two more spontaneous abortions are associated with the appearance of this antibody. The high anti‐Tja titer of the propositus was apparently due to transfusion reaction.RésuméDeux nouveaux exemples d'isoagglutinine naturelle anti‐Tja ont été trouvés chez un homme et sa sæur, d'origine italienne. La sæur avait un enfant vivant et avait eu deux avortements. Le fait que l'anticorps du frère avait un titre fort élevé est dü à la transfusion incompatible qu'il avait reçue.ZusammenfassungBei zwei Geschwistern einer Familie italienischer Herkunft wurden Anti‐Tj a‐Antikörper gefunden. Die Schwester hatte ein lebendes Kind geboren und zwei Spontanaborte durchgemacht. Der hohe Titer der Anti‐Tja‐Antikörper beim Bruder ist zweifellos ad die Tja‐inkompatible Transfusion zurückzuführen.
The Use of Plasma and Plasma Fractions in the Treatment of a Patient with Von Willebrand's Disease*
Authors: Weiss Harvey J. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe effect of plasma and of fraction I on the bleeding time of a patient with von Willebrand's disease has been presented. Some fractions were highly effective, others showed little or no effect. The differences in their preparation which may have contributed to this are discussed. Fresh plasma, from blood collected in plastic bags, was also effective. The use of glass bottles appeared markedly to decrease the activity of the “anti‐bleeding” factor. The possible relationship between the deficiency of this factor and of AHG in von Willebrand's disease is discussed.RésuméL'auteur dérrit les effets du plasma et de la fraction I sur le temps de saignement d'un patient atteint de la maladie de Willebrand. Certaines fractions ont un effet conidbrable; d'autres n'ont que très peu d'effet, voire aucun. La cause de ce phénomène peut résider dans les différents modes de préparations de substances injectées. Les plasma frais provenant de sang prélevé dans des sacs en plastic ont un bon effet. Par contre, I'utilisation de flacons en verre semhle diminuer d'une manière assez marquée I'activité du facteur «anti‐saignement». L'auteur discute du rapport possible qui existe entre la déficience de ce facteur et la déficience de la globuline anti‐hémophilique dans la maladie de Willebrand.ZusammenfassungEs wird über die Beeinflussung der Blutungszeit durch Plasma und Fraktion I bei einer Patientin mit von Willebrandscher Krankheit berichtet. Einzelne Fraktionen erwiesen sich als hochaktiv; andere zeigten nur eine geringe oder gar keine Wirkung. Die Unterschiede in der Herstellungsweise, die diesen Wirkungsunter‐schieden zu Grunde liegen könnten, werden diskutiert. Frisches Plasma, gewonnen von Blut aus Plastiksäcken, erwies sich ebenfalls als wirksam. Glasflaschen schienen die Aktivität des «Anti‐Blutungsfaktors» deutlich herabzusetzen. Mögliehe Beziehungen zwischen dem Mangel dieses Faktors und von AHG bei der von Willebrandschen Krankheit werden diskutiert.
A Serological Study of ‐D‐ Heterozygotes in the Same Family
Authors: Lawler Sylvia D. , Marshall Ruth 
Published: March 2009

SummaryA family in which the same ‐D‐ Rh complex occurs within different Rh genotypes is described. The amount of D antigen detected varied in different combinations and some variation was observed between individuals of the same type in the case of ede/‐D‐. Some effect on the amount of E and e antigens, estimated by dosage titrations, was detected. It was also concluded that ‐D‐ heterozygotes may well be more common in populations of European origin than the results of random tests would suggest.RésuméLes auteurs décrivent une famille dans laquelle le même complexe Rhésus ‐D‐se présente parmi différents génotypes. La quantité d'antigène D mise en évidence vane dans les différentes combinaisons; on observe des variations parmi les individus du même type lorsqu'ils sont cde/‐D‐.On a pu mettre en évidence que la quantité d'antigène E et e déterminée par titration produit un certain effet. On conclut donc que les hétérozygotes ‐D‐ peuvent être plus fréquents dans la population caucasienne que ne le laissent supposer les résultats des déterminations Rh pratiquées en série.ZusammenfassungEs wird eine Familie beschrieben, bei welcher der Rh‐Komplex ‐D‐ in mehreren unterschiedlichen Rh‐Genotypen vorkommt. Bei den verschiedenen Rh‐Kombinationen wurde ein ungleicher Gehalt an D‐Antigen gefunden; sogar bei Individuen mit demselben Genotyp z. B. cde/‐D‐ wurde eine gewisse Variabilität festgestellt. Außerdem wurde ein gewisser Einfluß auf die Ausprägung der Antigene E und e festgestellt. Es erscheint als wahrscheinlich, daß ‐D‐Heterozygote bei Kaukasiern häufiger vorkommen, als auf Grund der Ergebnisse von Reihenuntersuchungen zu vermuten wäre.
Serum Proteins Found in Primates
Authors: Picard J. , Heremans J. , Vandebroek G. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe serum proteins of seven primates are studied by immunoelectrophoresis using heterologons immune serums anti‐Man, anti‐Cynomolgus and anti‐Lemur. The individual patterns are described and the homologies of a certain number of proteins were established with thofie of the reference species (Man, Cynomolgus and Lemur). The electrophoretic mobilities of different proteins are calculated. Zoological implications are discussed.RésuméLes protéines sériques de sept espèces de primates ant été étudié es en immunoélectrophorèse au moyen d'immunsérums hétérologues anti‐Homme, anti‐Cynomolgus et anti‐Lemur. Les images immnno‐Clectrophoritiques sont décrites et les homologies de certaines protéines ant été établies avec celles des trois espèces de référence (Homme, Cynomolgus et Lémur). Les mobilités électrophorétiques de différentes protéines ant été calculées. Les implications zoologiques sont discutées.Zusammenfassung:Mit Hilfe der Hetero‐Immunseren Anti‐Mensch, Anti‐Cynomolgus iind Anti‐Lemur wurden die Serumeiweiße von sieben Primaten immunoelektrophoretisch untersucht. Die einzeinen Immunoelektrophoresebilder wurden beschrieben; außerdem wurde die Homologie einer Reihe van Eiweißen niit denjenigen der Bezugsarten (Mensch, Cynomolgus und Lemur) ermittelt. Die elektrophoretischen Beweglichkeiten verschiedener Eiweiße wurden berechnet. Die zoologischen Implikationen der Befunde werden diskutiert.
Change of Blood Group B in a Case of Leukaemia
Authors: Hart Mia van der , Veer Marga van der , Loghem J. J. van 
Published: March 2009

SummaryA change of blood group B in a patient suffering from acute leukaemia is reported.By elution experiments, treatment with proteolytic enzymes and lattice formation it was shown that the non‐agglutinated red cells contained B antigen.RésuméLes auteurs rapportent sur une modification du groupe sanguin B chez un malade atteint de leucémie aiguë.Au moyen d'épreuves d'élutions, de traitement par des enzymes protéolytiques et de réactions antigène‐anticorps en chaîne, les auteurs ont pu démontrer que les érythrocytes non agglutinés contenaient de l'antigène B.ZusammenfassungEs wird ein Wechsel der Blutgruppe B bei einem Patienten mit akuter Leukämie beschrieben. Anhand von Elutionsversuchen, der Behandlung der Zellen mit proteolytischen Enzymen sowie mit Antigen/Antikörper‐Ketten, konnte gezeigt werden, daß die nicht agglutinablen Zellen B‐Antigen enthielten.
A Preliminary Investigation into Automatic Blood Grouping*
Authors: McNeil C. , Helmick W. M. , Ferrari A. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryPreliminary investigations have been made into automatic ABO blood grouping by use of the Autoanalyzer.All combinations could be reliably distinguished with the exception of A2B bloods which in our system typed as B.The possibilities of improving the techniques have not been exhausted and deserve further investigation.RésuméDes recherches préliminaires ont été pratiquées pour la détermination automatique des groupes A B O au moyen de l'Autoanalyzer.Toutes les combinaisons ont pu être distinguées clairement à l'exception des sang A2B qui ont été diagnostiqués comme B avec notre système.Les possibilités d'amélioration des techniques n'ont pas été épuisées et nous incitent à d'autres recherches.ZusammenfussungMit Hilfe des Autoanalyzers wurden erste Untersuchungen mit dem Ziel einer automatischen ABO‐Blutgruppenbestimmung vorgenommen.Mit Ausnahme der A2B‐Blutproben, die als B erfaßt wurden, gelang es, alle übrigen Kombinationen zuverlässig voneinander zu unterscheiden.Die Methode kann zweifellos technisch verbessert werden; weitere Untersuchungen in dieser Richtung erscheinen angezeigt.
Delayed Haemolytic Transfusion Reactions Simulating Auto‐Immune Haemolytic Anemia
Authors: Croucher Betty E. E. , Crookston Marie C. , Crookston J. H. 
Published: March 2009

SummarySeven cases, in which the presence of a blood group iso‐antibody was unsuspected until several days after transfusion, are described. In one case the rapid appearance of multiple antibodies produced signs and symptoms simulating auto‐immune haemolytic anaemia. In two of the seven cases, antibodies were detectable in the pre‐transfusion serum only when cells containing a double dose of the corresponding antigen were used.
The Red Cell Phenotype En(a‐) and Anti‐Ena: Serological and Physicochemical Aspects
Authors: Furuhjelm U. , Myllylä G. , Nevanlinna H. R. , Nordling S. , Pirkola Anna , Gavin June , Gooch Ann , Sanger Ruth , Tippett Patricia 
Published: March 2009

Summary. The lack of the very common red cell antigen Ena is a rare recessive character. En(a‐) cells are further unusual in having only about 33% of the normal amount of sialic acid and in having an electrophoretic mobility about 60% of normal. These abnormalities adequately explain other peculiarities of En(a‐) cells: their weak MN antigens, their ability to be agglutinated, though suspended in saline, by appropriate incomplete Rh antisera, and their preferential agglutination by certain seed extracts and non‐immune animal sera.Ena is antigenic in rabbit as well as in man: an attempt to stimulate in a rabbit an antibody specific for En(a‐) cells did not succeed.The locus responsible for Ena is shown to be genetically independent of the loci for ABO, MNSs, Rh, Duffy and haptoglobins and not to be X‐ or Y‐linked. En(a+) hetereozygous cells show some of the changes of En(a‐) cells, in a modified but recognizable way.The physicochemical background and the nature of the genetic defect in this unusual blood group system are discussed.
The Demonstration of Anti‐HI/HI‐H Activity in Seed Anti‐H Reagents
Authors: Voak D. , Lodge T.W. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Extracts from seeds of Lotus tetragon., Cytisus sessil, and Laburnum alp. give lower titration scores with O H+ ii cells than with O H + I+ cells although both have a similar H status in studies with Ulex europ. reagent. Absorption and elution studies indicate that the Lotus extract contained anti‐HI agglutinins with little activity for O H + ii cells whereas the Cytisus and Laburnum extracts contained anti‐HI‐H agglutinins that cross‐reacted with O H + ii cells.Lactose (7.1 g/100 ml) strongly inhibited the anti‐HI‐H reactions with little effect on the Ulex anti‐H reagent. The anti‐HI/HI‐H reagents gave maximum activity at lower temperatures whereas the Ulex anti‐H extract was just as active at 37°C as at 40°C.
Australia Antigen in Singapore
Authors: Yap E. H. , Ong Y. W. , Simons M. J. , Okochi K. , Mayumi M. , Nishioka K. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe immune adherence haemagglutination test (IAHA) was demonstrated to be more sensitive than electro‐osmodiffusion (EOD) for the detection of Australia antigen (Au) in Singapore blood donors. IAHA titres of less than 1024 are rarely detected by EOD.Au frequency in each of the four ethnic groups showed a significant difference between the high frequency of Au found in Chinese (8.2%) in comparison to Au in Malays (4.7%), Indians (2.9%) and others (1.3%). The differential ethnic susceptibility to Au carriage is discussed.
Evaluation of a Simple Method for Determination of IgG Titre Anti‐A or ‐B in Cases of Possible ABO Blood Group Incompatibility
Authors: Reesink H. W. , van der Hart Mia , Loghem J.J.van 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Titres of IgG anti‐A or ‐B in the serum of 64 blood group O women with an obstetrical history of possible ABO blood group incompatibility were examined. Four different 2‐mercapto‐ethanol (2‐ME) techniques varying in time from 3–16 h were evaluated. No definite differences in anti‐A or ‐B titres were observed.When AB substances were used, however, the anti‐A or ‐B titres were on the average 2–3 titration steps lower than in the 2‐ME techniques, if demonstrable at all.Besides agglutinating IgG anti‐A or ‐B, haemolysins IgG anti‐A or ‐B could be demonstrated in part of the sera.In 8 sera, the IgG and IgM fractions were separated on sephadex G‐200 and treated with 2‐ME and AB substances. In the IgG fraction, no definite differences in complete, incomplete and haemolysin anti‐A or ‐B titres were found before and after treatment with 2‐ME.Using AB substances, no complete anti‐A or ‐B was found anymore, while the incomplete titres were on the average 2–3 titration steps lower.The anti‐A or ‐B antibody activity of the IgM fraction was completely destroyed by 2‐ME and AB substances.From this study we concluded that IgG anti‐A or ‐B could be determined by 2‐ME within a few hours and that this technique is much more reliable than the partial neutralization test with AB substances.
The Detection of MNSs ‘Variants’ in Serial Tests with Incomplete Rh Antisera in Saline
Authors: Metaxas M. N. , Metaxas‐Bühler M. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryIn tests with incomplete Rh antisera (anti‐D and anti‐c) in saline on red cells from 6,202 blood donors, 19 samples were shown to owe their enhanced agglutinability to ‘variants’ of the MNSs system. The strongest reactors were Mk, Miltenberg Class V and possible EnaEn heterozygotes.
Further Data on HBs Antigen Subtypes – Geographical Distribution
Authors: Couroucé‐Pauty Anne‐Marie , Soulier J.P. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. 605 HB antigens from silent carriers of different geographic areas were subtyped. Guinea pigs and goats were immunized with selected HB antigens. Subtyping was performed by CIEP using monospecific or duospecific antisera, and by ID with unabsorbed antisera if the antigen was strong enough. Eight categories of HB antigens previously described were confirmed: a1y(w), a2Iy(w), a23y(w), a3(w), ayr, a2Id(w,) a3d(w) and adr.The relations between the four categories of a subdeterminants and ‘w’ are analysed. All the antigens with ‘w’ determinant are either a1 or a2l or a23 or a3. The ‘w’ determinant can be subdivided into the system of a subdeterminants which are mutually exclusive among themselves. r appears to be allelic with the group of the four a subdeterminants. It cannot yet be stated if r may be considered as a fifth subdeterminant of a or if it is independant of a subdeterminant. For the present time we use the following terminology a1(w), a2l(w2), a23(w3), a3(w4) and r.By combining a(w) subdeterminants, r, d and y determinants, it is possible to greatly increase our knowledge about the geographical distribution of HB antigen: ay subtype is predominant in Africa and in Mediterranean countries but three areas can be distinguished by means of a subdeterminants: a3(w4)y being mainly found in West and Central Africa (87%) and a21(w2)y in Mediterranean countries (86%) except for Greece where a same ratio of a21(w2)y and a23(w3)y is encountered. This a23y subtype is the most frequent of ay subtypes in France and in Hungary. In these two countries, the subtypes ad(w) are predominant: 67% of a21(w2)d and 1.3% of a3(w4)d in France. adr is widespread in Asia and especially in the Thai area (Thailand and Laos), but we have found a1(w1)y in Vietnam.Many examples are given which show that the subtype of HB antigen is related to the country of origin and does not seem to depend of the host. These findings illustrate the importance of HB antigen subtyping for epidemiology and for study of populations.
Study of the Immunopotentiator Effects of Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts Obtained Out of Leukocytes Previously Used for Interferon Production
Authors: Arala‐Chaves M.P. , Porto M.T. , Kauppinen Hanna‐Leena , Massa A.A. Guerra , Myllylä Gunnar 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe existence of immunopotentiator factors able to induce blastogenesis, chemotaxis and able of inhibiting migration of leukocytes was investigated in alcohol precipitates of different batches of dialyzed leukocyte extracts (DLE). These were prepared either out of fresh leukocytes from a large pool of buffy coats obtained from all blood collected from healthy donors with irrelevant antigen sensitiveness (DLE‐NS) or from similar leukocytes which were incubated during 19 h for interferon production (DLE‐NS‐I). Alternatively, the same factors were investigated on a batch of DLE obtained from a donor exquisitely sensitive to Candida antigen (C‐DLE‐CS). It was observed that all the three batches contained equal amounts of either specific or nonspecific immunological enhancing factors. The similarity of the intensity of specific factors between the so‐called nonspecific batches (DLE‐NS and DLE‐NS‐I) and the specific batch (C‐DLE‐CS) was interpreted to be the result of the random selection of the donors for the preparation of the nonspecific batches, which consequently contain randomized relevant specificities.It is postulated, therefore, that batches of DLE which represent a large waste of leukocytes used for interferon production can be a useful tool for double‐blind DLE therapy purposes.
Horse Anti‐Type XIV Pneumococcus Sera Behave as Cold Agglutinins Recognizing Developmentally Regulated Antigens A part from the Ii Antigens on Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Pennington Jane , Feizi Ten 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHaemagglutination studies with horse anti‐type XIV pneumococcus sera have shown that they resemble cold agglutinin sera with anti‐I specificity reacting more strongly with adult human erythrocytes than cord erythrocytes. However, their substantial reaction with iadult erythrocytes suggests that they react with other developmentally regulated antigens in addition to the I and i antigens.
Cryopreservation of Platelets Isolated with the IBM 2997 Blood Cell Separator: A Rapid and Simplified Approach1
Authors: Melaragno Anthony J. , Abdu William A. , Katchis Randall J. , Vecchione John J. , Valeri C. Robert 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe equivalent of 5–7 units of platelets, isolated from a single donor with the IBM Blood Cell Processor 2997 using a dual stage separation chamber, was frozen with the cryoprotectant dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The DMSO‐saline solution was added directly to the platelets, and the platelets were frozen in a polyvinyl chloride plastic bag by storage in a ‐80°C mechanical freezer. Washing the thawed platelets with a phosphate‐buffered sodium chloride‐dextrose solution, pH of 5.0, removed about 95% of the DMSO. In vitro freeze‐thaw‐wash recovery was 80%, and in vivo 51Cr platelet recovery was 31%. Platelet dense body granules were well maintained after freezing, thawing, and washing.This is a safe and effective method of platelet cryopreservation which can be performed in less time than other currently used methods.
Placental Transfer of Rh Antibody (Anti‐D IgG) during Pregnancy
Authors: Pollock Janet M. , Bowman John M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAnti‐D levels in blood taken immediately postpartum from Rh‐negative women who have been given antenatal Rh immune globulin and the anti‐D levels in the cord blood of their babies were measured semiquantitatively by a low ionic polybrene Auto Analyzer technique. When both mother and baby were Rh‐negative a comparison of their anti‐D levels was made against the interval between injection of the passive anti‐D and delivery. Mothers' levels decreased as the interval increased, the regression coefficient for 73 maternal sera was ‐0.74. The drop in levels of cord blood was much less than that of the mothers' levels. The regression coefficient was ‐0.294 for 74 cord sera (one set of twins). The marked difference between cord blood and maternal blood levels of anti‐D at delivery supports the hypothesis that the transfer of IgG across the placenta is predominantly from mother to fetus and not from fetus to mother.
Frequency and Persistence of Serologic Markers Following Three Different Manifestations of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Wilkinson R. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. 30 asymptomatic chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 6 asymptomatic blood donors transiently infected with hepatitis B virus, and 38 patients with acute hepatitis B were tested for HBsAg, anti‐HBs, HBeAg, anti‐HBe and anti‐HBc.Comparison of these results revealed significant variation in the frequency of HBeAg which was present in 1 (3.3%) carrier, 2 (33.3%) of the transiently positive donors, and in 24 (63.2%) of the patients with acute hepatitis. Anti‐HBe was found in 28 (93.3%) of the carriers, 4 (66.6%) of the transiently positive donors, and in 8 (21%) of the patients. Variation was also seen in the strength of anti‐HBc, with only the chronic carriers having titres which were consistently high (above 1,000). Retesting the two groups of donors after a period of approximately 2 years showed no change in the serologic status of the chronic carriers, while amongst the transient HBsAg positives the 2 HBeAg reactives had seroconverted, 1 of the anti‐HBe positives had become non‐reactive, and 2 of the 6 had developed anti‐HBs. 6 of the patients with acute hepatitis B were serologically reexamined during convalescence and showed results similar to those seen in the transiently HBsAg‐positive donors, with clearance of HBsAg in all, seroconversion from HBeAg to anti‐HBe in 4, and the production of anti‐HBs in 4.