bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of Zoning Ordinances for Rural Utility-Scale Solar Deployment and Power System Decarbonization in the Great Lakes Region
Authors: Owusu-Obeng Papa Yaw , Mills Sarah , Craig Michael 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Local zoning ordinances across the United States have the impact of restricting development of energy infrastructure, including utility-scale solar photovoltaics. While these ordinances may be developed for legitimate purposes to protect public health and safety, they could impede or increase costs of power sector decarbonization. We quantify the role of utility-scale solar zoning ordinances on power sector decarbonization across the Great Lakes region (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin) by integrating 6,300 rural community zoning ordinances into a power system planning model. Relative to no ordinances, solar zoning ordinances reduce total potential deployment of solar PV by 52% (or 1.6 TW) across our region. Currently, however, the biggest zoning barrier to deployment is zoning ordinances which are silent on utility-scale solar. Deployment restrictions translate to up to 4 GW greater investment needs and 5.6% greater PV investment costs to achieve a 10% PV generation target. Starker shifts occur at the state level, e.g. Wisconsin sees a 40% reduction in PV investments due to zoning restrictions. Our results underscore the need for planning that aligns local zoning laws with state and regional goals.
Investigation of Thermodynamic Properties and Stability of Metal Oxide (CuO and Al 2 O 3 )/Deionized Water Nanofluids for Enhanced Heat Transfer Applications
Authors: Safir Nadhum Hussen , Razlan Zuradzman Mohamad , Ramasamy Girrimuniswar , Bakar Shahriman Abu , Abdullah Mohd Zulkifly 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This research investigates nanofluids' thermodynamic properties and stability, specifically their potential to improve heat transfer in various applications. The study examines the methods used to characterise and measure the stability of two nanofluids: Al2O3/deionized water and CuO/deionized water nanofluids. These nanofluids are created using a two-step process involving magnetic stirring and ultrasonication. The stability of the nanofluids is evaluated quantitatively using standard deviation analysis, which reveals that CuO (80 nm)/deionized water nanofluids have better stability compared to Al2O3 (80 nm)/deionized water nanofluids. Additionally, the research explores how variables such as temperature, volume concentration, and nanoparticle type affect the properties of nanofluids under both static and dynamic conditions. In the static phase, the thermophysical properties of the fluids, including thermal conductivity, viscosity, and specific heat, are measured. In the dynamic phase, a setup resembling a heat exchanger is designed to determine the heat transfer rate. The study's findings show that CuO (80 nm)/deionised water nanofluids have the highest thermal conductivity compared to Al2O3 (80 nm)/deionised water nanofluids under the same conditions. Furthermore, viscosity tests demonstrate that increasing the volume concentration of nanoparticles increases viscosity while increasing temperature decreases viscosity. Lastly, the study reveals that CuO (80 nm)/deionized water nanofluids experience the greatest reduction in specific heat and heat transfer rate compared to Al2O3/deionized water nanofluids.
Golgi apparatus proteome deciphering in living cells enabled by aggregation-induced emission luminogen-mediated photocatalytic proximity labeling (AIE-PhoPL)
Authors: Jiang Bo , Wang He , Guo Yanli , Chen Yuncong , Liang Zhen , Liu Wenwen , Guo Zijian , Zhang Yu-Kui , Zhang Lihua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

As a central platform of proteins sorting and signal docking, in situ Golgi apparatus (GA) proteome mapping is critical for elucidating relevant biological events. However, chemical proteomic dissection of GA is poorly studied owing to the lack of efficient labeling methods. Herein, we described an aggregation-induced emission luminogen-mediated photocatalytic proximity labeling strategy (AIE-PhoPL) that allowed dynamic profiling of GA proteome with high spatiotemporal precision in a native context. With the GA-targeting photocatalyst based on aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), the proteins were activated and labeled locally in Golgi with high efficiency under control of visible light, enabling spatiotemporally resolved modifying of histidine and tyrosine residues. Upon validation in living HeLa cells which determined a significant portion of Golgi-associated proteins with 78% specificity, we applied AIE-PhoPL to dynamic proteome mapping of brain metastatic lung cancer cells and revealed the underlying roles GA played in signal transduction and extracellular matrix organization during cancer metastasis. This work provides a powerful tool to break out the dilemma for chemical labeling of GA proteome in living cells and fuels the research on diversification of controllable chemical probes for subcellular proteome labeling.
Low-cost and precise traditional Chinese medicinal tree pest and disease monitoring using UAV RGB image only
Authors: Guo Haoran , Cheng Yuhua , Liu Jun , Wang Zhihu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Accurate and timely pest and disease monitoring during the cultivation process of traditional Chinese medicinal materials is crucial for ensuring optimal growth, increased yield, and enhanced content of effective components. This paper focuses on the essential requirements for pest and disease monitoring in a planting base of Cinnamomum Camphora var. Borneol (CCB) and presents a solution using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images to address the limitations of real-time and on-site inspections. In contrast to existing solutions that rely on advanced sensors like multispectral or hyperspectral sensors mounted on UAVs, this paper utilizes visible light sensors directly. It introduces an ensemble learning approach for pest and disease monitoring of CCB trees based on RGB-derived vegetation indices and a combination of various machine learning algorithms. By leveraging the feature extraction capabilities of multiple algorithms such as RF, SVM, KNN, GBDT, XGBoost, GNB, and ELM, and incorporating morphological filtering post-processing and genetic algorithms to assign weights to each classifier for optimal weight combination, a novel ensemble learning strategy is proposed to significantly enhance the accuracy of pest and disease monitoring of CCB trees. Experimental results validate that the proposed method can achieve precise pest and disease monitoring with reduced training samples, exhibiting high generalization ability. It enables large-scale pest and disease monitoring at a low cost and high precision, thereby contributing to improved precision in the cultivation management of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
Deep Learning captures the effect of epistasis in multifactorial diseases
Authors: Perelygin Vladislav , Kamelin Alexey , Syzrantsev Nikita , Shaheen Layal , Kim Anna , Plotnikov Nikolay , Ilinskaya Anna , Ilinsky Valery , Rakitko Alexander , Poptsova Maria 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Polygenic risk score (PRS) prediction is widely used to assess the risk of diagnosis and progression of many diseases. Routinely, the weights of individual SNPs are estimated by the linear regression model that assumes independent and linear contribution of each SNP to the phenotype. However, for complex multifactorial diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and others, association between individual SNPs and disease could be non-linear due to epistatic interactions. The aim of the presented study is to explore the power of non-linear machine learning algorithms and deep learning models to predict the risk of multifactorial diseases with epistasis.
Results
First, we tested ensemble tree methods and deep learning neural networks against LASSO linear regression model on simulated data with different types and strength of epistasis. The results showed that with the increase of strength of epistasis effect, non-linear models significantly outperform linear. Then the higher performance of non-linear models over linear was confirmed on real genetic data for multifactorial phenotypes such as obesity, type 1 diabetes, and psoriasis. From non-linear models, gradient boosting appeared to be the best model in obesity and psoriasis while deep learning methods significantly outperform linear approaches in type 1 diabetes.
Conclusions
Overall, our study underscores the efficacy of non-linear models and deep learning approaches in more accurately accounting for the effects of epistasis in simulations with specific configurations and in the context of certain diseases.
The Role of Immune Cells and Immune Related Genes in the Tumor Microenvironment of Thyroid Cancer Implications for Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Xumei , Jian Jie , Zhang Anzhi , Xiang Jiang ming , Huang Jingjing , Chen Yanlin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In recent years, immunotherapy has developed rapidly and gradually become one of the important methods for treating THCA. The study of immune cells and immune related genes in the tumor microenvironment greatly promotes the development of immunotherapy. Use the CIBERSORT algorithm to analyze the gene expression profile obtained from TCGA, estimate the infiltration ratio of 22 immune cells in tumor and adjacent tissues, and then analyze the differential expression of immune related genes, and identify immune cells and immune related genes related to clinical progress and prognosis. We observed that a variety of immune cells were enriched in the microenvironment of THCA: 12 kinds of immune cells were closely related to TNM stage and found that two kinds of immune cells were closely related to the prognosis of patients with THCA. Analysis of immune related genes found that they are mainly enriched in immune related pathways. Through PPI network screening that one main module and 10 key genes were identified. Nine key genes were found to be closely related to TNM staging, with CD40LG being closely associated with the prognosis of THCA patients. The type and quantity of infiltrating immune cells in the microenvironment of THCA, as well as immune related genes, are closely related to tumor progression and can be used as important indicators for patient prognosis evaluation. This study is to explore the relationship between immune cells and immune related genes in the tumor microenvironment and the progression and prognosis of THCA.
Development of a magnesium/amorphous nano-SiO2 composite using accumulative extrusion method
Authors: Moradi Mohammad , Ghaei Abbas , Maleki Ali , Taherizadeh Aboozar , Issa Hasan Kaser 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In this study, a Mg-X%SiO2 (X = 1, 2) nanocomposite was developed using amorphous silica nanoparticles via the accumulative extrusion method. The reinforcement phase was added to the matrix between extrusion passes. The study evaluated the mechanical properties of the composite samples via compression and hardness tests, while the microstructure and texture were analyzed using an optical microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis. To remove the deformation history and examine the effect of the reinforcement phase on mechanical properties, the samples were annealed in an argon atmosphere. In addition, monolithic magnesium samples were fabricated through the same process to serve as a basis for comparison. This study revealed that adding 1 wt.% amorphous silica nanoparticles to the magnesium matrix improved the overall mechanical properties. However, the nanocomposites displayed varying properties in different directions. Along the extrusion direction, the yield strength and ductility increased up to 57% and 5%, respectively, while the ultimate compressive strength decreased by about 8%. Along the normal direction, the yield strength and ductility increased up to 37% and 45%, respectively, while the ultimate compressive strength decreased by about 9%. The Mg/2%SiO2 nanocomposite sample showed superior Brinell hardness. The number of extrusion passes had a significant impact on the distribution of nanoparticles within the matrix. The optical microscope micrographs revealed that the reinforcement phase was uniformly distributed throughout the matrix, and no agglomeration of nanoparticles was observed. The X-ray diffraction results demonstrated that the texture of nanocomposite samples weakened after adding nanoparticles, resulting in improved ductility.
Evolution of new genes under intermittent selection
Authors: Näsvall Joakim , Abdalaal Hind 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
New genes can evolve by mutations that generate a new function in an existing gene1. However, these mutations often have a negative impact on the original function, leading to trade-offs that constrain their further evolution2. Genes that exhibit a strong trade-off between the original and the new function are expected to evolve through gene duplication, which can increase the expression of a weak new activity, buffer against negative effects on the original function, and provide more targets for beneficial mutations to arise3. The expected outcome of evolution in conditions where both functions are beneficial is a new pair of paralogs, each specialized for one function. Despite this, there are examples in nature where bi-functional generalist enzymes have evolved from a presumed specialist ancestor4. This study tests the hypothesis that generalist enzymes can evolve from specialist ancestral enzymes if selection for the new function is repeatedly interrupted by periods without selection (i.e. selection for the new function is intermittent). In evolution experiments using bacteria lacking an enzyme in the tryptophan synthesis pathway, with intermittent selection for restoring tryptophan synthesis, multiple examples were found where initially specialized enzymes in two different pathways evolved towards becoming bi-functional generalist enzymes supporting both their new and original functions. Our results highlight the importance of considering selection in nature not as a constant, but as a force that may fluctuate, and that fluctuating selection can drastically change the outcome by forcing evolution along paths that are highly constrained by conflicting selection pressures. Especially for duplications, which are mechanistically unstable and often costly, intermittent selection is expected to have a huge impact: If selection for a beneficial limiting function fluctuates, duplications may be counter selected and lost at regular intervals, forcing alternative paths of evolution that do not require duplications.
“One pastor advised him to stop taking HIV medication”: Promoters and barriers to HIV care among gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men living with HIV in Ghana
Authors: Abu-Ba'are Gamji Rabiu , Aidoo-Frimpong Gloria , Amu-Adu Prince , Zigah Edem Yaw , Stockton Melissa , Amuah Samuel , Amoh-Otoo Richard Panix , Nyblade Laura , Torpey Kwasi , Nelson LaRon E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction: Few studies examine Ghanaian gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) experience with HIV diagnoses and linkage to care. This article provides qualitative accounts of promoters and barriers to care among GBMSM living with HIV in Ghana.
Methods: We recruited and interviewed 10 GBMSM living with HIV in two Ghanaian cities. We transcribed the interviews, coded the data, and used thematic content analysis.
Results: We found that community and healthcare facility (HCF) level HIV and sexual stigma, confidentiality issues, alternative medicine, and substance use remain the key barriers to care. Other barriers include healthcare system issues such as long wait times and economic problems (e.g., health insurance and financial difficulties). Nonetheless, HCF-level factors such as positive experiences with providers, HIV counseling, and detailed medication information facilitate adherence to care among GBMSM.
Conclusion: This study highlights the need for interventions that address linkage to care issues, especially substance use, disinformation, and misinformation among GBMSM and other Ghanaian communities.
USP1 activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by deubiquitinating KRT17, thereby facilitating thyroid cancer proliferation
Authors: Zeng Hong , Zhou Xuanrui , Geng Xitong , Wan Hao , Ding Yongqi , Zhou Minqin , Pan Jingying , Yu Zichuan , Huang Da 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Post-translational modification through ubiquitination is widely acknowledged for its pivotal regulatory role in tumor onset and progression. Ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases can modulate tumor advancement by impacting the expression of key proteins. Nonetheless, the precise contribution of ubiquitination and deubiquitinases in the onset of thyroid cancer (TC) remains to be comprehensively understood. Initially, Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) revealed the deubiquitinase USP1 as closely associated with TC and protein ubiquitination. Subsequently, our findings demonstrated the aberrant upregulation of USP1 expression in clinical TC samples. Moreover, interference with USP1 expression inhibited the proliferative ability of TC cells in vitro by colony formation and CCK8 assays. Notably, our findings have revealed that USP1 facilitates the proliferation of TC by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Further, we identified KRT17 as a critical factor in the USP1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Next, we validated that USP1 directly interacted with KRT17 and deubiquitinated it. Ultimately, we discovered that parthenolide exerted inhibitory effects on TC proliferation both in vivo and in vitro by modulating the USP1-KRT17-Wnt/β-catenin axis. To sum up, Our findings offer compelling evidence that underscores the pivotal role of USP1 in promoting TC proliferation. This is accomplished by stabilizing KRT17 expression through deubiquitination, which in turn activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These results provide novel insights into potential therapeutic targets for TC treatment.
Competing effects of wind and buoyancy forcing on recent ocean oxygen trends
Authors: Hollitzer Helene , Patara Lavinia , Terhaar Jens , Oschlies Andreas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Ocean deoxygenation is becoming a major stressor for marine ecosystems. Climate change affects ocean oxygen by altering wind fields and air-sea heat and freshwater fluxes. However, the quantitative contribution of these drivers to ocean deoxygenation remains uncertain. Here, we use a global ocean biogeochemistry model run under historical atmospheric forcing to show that deoxygenation since the late 1960s has been driven mainly by changing air-sea heat and freshwater fluxes and associated changes in solubility and ocean circulation. However, ~60% of this deoxygenation was offset by a wind-driven increase in ventilation and interior oxygen supply, mainly in the Southern Ocean. In the coming decades, the projected slowdown in wind stress intensification, combined with continued ocean warming, could greatly accelerate ocean deoxygenation. While ocean biogeochemistry models under historical atmospheric forcing struggle to reproduce the observed deoxygenation after 2000, fully coupled Earth system models capture the trend, indicating systematic problems in hindcast simulations.
The impact of a Virtual Antimicrobial stewardship Team (VAT) on antibiotic prescriptions in Dutch nursing homes: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Paap Kelly C. , Kolodziej Lisa M. , Buul Laura W. , Jong Menno D. , Loeff Maarten F. Schim , Kuil Sacha D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics for suspected urinary tract infections (UTI), respiratory tract infections (RTI) and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) in nursing homes (NHs) is common. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) has proven effectiveness in reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions in hospitals. As the effectiveness of AMS has not yet been demonstrated in NHs, AMS has not yet been widely adopted in NHs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a virtual antimicrobial stewardship team (VAT) on inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in NHs. An additional aim is to determine internal and external validity and identify barriers and facilitators of implementing VAT.
Methods
This study is a multicentre, two-arm, randomised, controlled, non-blinded trial to evaluate a VAT intervention in Dutch NHs. Four Medical Microbiology Laboratories (MMLs) and seven NHs will collaborate in this study, with in total 54 clinicians (27 per arm). Clinicians will be randomly assigned to either VAT (intervention) or usual care (control) in a 1:1 ratio. The clinicians in the intervention group will participate in a weekly VAT meeting for 36 weeks. The primary outcome is the incidence rate of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions per clinician per week. The sample size is sufficient to demonstrate a reduction of 35% in the incidence rate of inappropriate prescriptions, with a power of 90% at alpha of 0.05. Secondary outcomes are the incidence rate (IR) of total antibiotic prescriptions, and the internal and external validity, and facilitators and barriers to VAT implementation through process evaluation.
Discussion
This protocol describes an RCT to evaluate whether an AMS intervention in Dutch NHs results in a reduction in the incidence rate of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions for UTI, RTI and SSTI. A potential limitation is that researchers and clinicians cannot be blinded due to the nature of the intervention and there is risk of contamination between the intervention and control arm, as clinicians working in the same NH may be randomised to different arms; this may dilute the observed effect of the intervention.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05998226
Feasibility of enzalutamide on patients with recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer with marker tumors: Phase I study
Authors: Kawahara Takashi , Kandori Shuya , Kojima Takahiro , Mathis Bryan J. , Shiga Masanobu , Kawai Koji , Nishiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective: Recent preclinical and retrospective clinical evidence shows that androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signals have significant roles in development of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Here, we conducted a single-center, phase I study to assess the feasibility and efficacy of enzalutamide in patients having recurrent NMIBC with marker tumors. Patients with NMIBC who cannot achieve complete transurethral resection (TUR) or with recurrence within a year after the TUR, were enrolled. The patients were administered oral enzalutamide at 160 mg dose, once daily for four weeks. Clinical response at the end of the treatment was evaluated using cystoscopy.
Results: Of the six patients enrolled, two experienced multiple recurrences. All the patients received the planned administration of enzalutamide. Enzalutamide was tolerable and all patients were able to complete the planed treatment, although four patients experienced mild treatment-related adverse events (AEs), but AEs with grade 2 or more were not observed. As for efficacy, three patients showed no change while the remaining three showed disease progression. Immunohistochemical analysis did not showed the strong staining of AR in the latest tumors. This is the first clinical study on enzalutamide treatment for NMIBC patients. In this study, four weeks of enzalutamide administration was well tolerated, however showed no clinical response for non-strong staining of AR.