bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal attitudes during pregnancy predict mother‐infant physical proximity six months after birth
Authors: Stoléru Serge , Grinshpoun Marie‐France , Guillet Serge , Moralès‐Huet Martine 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for assessing maternal attitudes. Three photographs representing infants or mother‐infant dyads were presented to 26 mothers in the second half of pregnancy and six months after birth. Nine mothers were clinical cases, seventeen mothers were nonpathological controls. Thirty‐three semantic categories were used to code the mothers' responses to the pictures. Mothers' responses were coded independently by two researchers. The factor analysis of the codes yielded an ‘attraction to, vs rejection of, children’ factor. Compared with the control group, the mean factor score of the clinical group was significantly lower, i. e. reflected less attraction (p < 0.01). To study the relation between the attraction factor and the physical proximity of mothers and infants, 21 of these mother‐infant dyads were videotaped in a semi‐structured play interaction six months after birth. Recordings were coded independently by two researchers for various indices of proximity (spatial proximity, kisses, embraces, touches). The factor analysis of the codes yielded a factor contrasting distant vs close and tender interaction. A significant correlation was found between the attraction scores of pregnant women and the proximity scores of mother‐infant interaction (r = 0.46; p < 0.05). These results suggest that this instrument is useful in assessing maternal attitudes of psychiatrically disturbed pregnant women and that maternal attitudes of pregnant women are significant predictors of physical proximity in motherinfant interaction at the end of the first semester.
Infant crying: Acoustics, perception and communication
Authors: Green James A. , Gustafson Gwen E. , Irwin Julia R. , Kalinowski Lori L. , Wood Rebecca M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper first reviews briefly the literature on the acoustics of infant cry sounds and then presents two empirical studies on the perception of cry and noncry sounds in their social‐communicative context. Acoustic analysis of cry sounds has undergone dramatic changes in the last 35 years, including the introduction of more than a hundred different acoustic measures. The study of cry acoustics, however, remains largely focused on neonates who have various medical problems or are at risk for developmental delays. Relatively little is known about how cry sounds and cry perception change developmentally, or about how they compare with noncry sounds. The data presented here support the notion that both auditory and visual information are important in caregivers' interpretations of infant sounds in naturalistic contexts. When only auditory information is available (Study 1), cry sounds become generally more recognizable from 3 to 12 months of age; perception of noncry sounds, however, generally does not change over age. When auditory and visual information contradict each other (Study 2), adults tend to perform at chance levels, with a few interesting exceptions. It is suggested that broadening studies of acoustic analysis and perception to include both cry and noncry sounds should increase our understanding of the development of communication in infancy. Finally, we suggest that examining the cry in its developmental context holds great possibility for delineating the factors that underlie adults' responses to crying.
The Enigma of infant crying: The emergence of defining dimensions
Authors: Barr Ronald G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecent research concerning the phenomenology of crying in normal and clinical contexts has clarified a number of defining dimensions of the behaviour. Four of the most prominent are developmental changes in both form and function of crying especially those which take place between two and four months of age; categorical as compared to non‐categorical descriptions of crying phenomenology; crying as a behavioural state and its relationships to other state behaviours of infants; and the differential impact of crying in clinical and non‐clinical settings. These dimensions are recurrent themes in current research on crying as a signal and must be considered in any comprehensive account of the role and meaning of early infant crying.
Retraction: Fast‐tracked CTL: Rapid induction of potent anti‐tumor killer T cells in situ
Authors: Heckman Karin L. , Schenk Erin L. , Radhakrishnan Suresh , Pavelko Kevin D. , Hansen Michael J. , Pease Larry R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe following article from the European Journal of Immunology, Fast‐tracked CTL: Rapid induction of potent anti‐tumor killer T cells in situ by Karin L. Heckman, Erin L. Schenk, Suresh Radhakrishnan, Kevin D. Pavelko, Michael J. Hansen, Larry R. Pease. Published online on 4 June 2007 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Foo Yoo Liew and Wiley‐Blackwell. The retraction has been agreed as the results published in the article are unreliable and cannot be reproduced.
A homodimeric complex of HLA‐G on normal trophoblast cells modulates antigen‐presenting cells via LILRB1
Authors: Apps Richard , Gardner Lucy , Sharkey Andrew M. , Holmes Nick , Moffett Ashley 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn healthy individuals, the non‐classical MHC molecule HLA‐G is only expressed on fetal trophoblast cells that invade the decidua during placentation. We show that a significant proportion of HLA‐G at the surface of normal human trophoblast cells is present as a disulphide‐linked homodimer of the conventional β2m‐associated HLA‐I complex. HLA‐G is a ligand for leukocyte immunoglobulin‐like receptors (LILR), which bind much more efficiently to dimeric HLA‐G than to conventional HLA‐I molecules. We find that a LILRB1‐Fc fusion protein preferentially binds the dimeric form of HLA‐G on trophoblast cells. We detect LILRB1 expression on decidual myelomonocytic cells; therefore, trophoblast HLA‐G may modulate the function of these cells. Co‐culture with HLA‐G+ cells does not inhibit monocyte‐derived dendritic cell up‐regulation of HLA‐DR and costimulatory molecules on maturation, but did increase production of IL‐6 and IL‐10. Furthermore, proliferation of allogeneic lymphocytes was inhibited by HLA‐G binding to LILRB1/2 on responding antigen‐presenting cells (APC). As HLA‐G is the only HLA‐I molecule that forms β2m‐associated dimers with increased avidity for LILRB1, this interaction could represent a placental‐specific signal to decidual APC. We suggest that the placenta is modulating maternal immune responses locally in the uterus through HLA‐G, a trophoblast‐specific, monomorphic signal present in almost every pregnancy.See accompanying commentary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200737515
Gut flora antigens are not important in the maintenance of regulatory T cell heterogeneity and homeostasis
Authors: Min Booki , Thornton Angela , Caucheteux Stephan M. , Younes Souheil‐Antoine , Oh Keunhee , Hu‐Li Jane , Paul William E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are a heterogeneous population that exists as CD44low and CD44high cells. Here we report that while both CD44low and CD44high Treg are anergic and express similar levels of Foxp3, CD44high Treg are highly proliferative in vivo and are more potent suppressors in vitro than CD44low Treg. From analysis of the properties of Treg derived from germ‐free mice, it was concluded that peptide antigens derived from intestinal microorganisms are not essential for the generation, in vivo proliferation or suppressive activity of Treg. Our results suggest that gut flora antigens play little or no role in the heterogeneity and homeostatic regulation of Treg.
Performance of a real‐time pseudodynamic test system considering nonlinear structural response
Authors: Jung Rae‐Young , Benson Shing P. , Stauffer Eric , Thoen Bradford 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the implementation details of a real‐time pseudodynamic test system that adopts an implicit time integration scheme. The basic configuration of the system is presented. Physical tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the system and validate a theoretical system model that incorporates the dynamics and nonlinearity of a test structure and servo‐hydraulic actuators, control algorithm, actuator delay compensation methods, and the flexibility of an actuator reaction system. The robustness and accuracy of the computational scheme under displacement control errors and severe structural softening are examined with numerical simulations using the model. Different delay compensation schemes have been implemented and compared. One of the schemes also compensates for the deformation of an actuator reaction system. It has been shown that the test method is able to attain a good performance in terms of numerical stability and accuracy. However, it has been shown that test results obtained with this method can underestimate the inelastic displacement drift when severe strain softening develops in a test structure. This can be attributed to the fact that the numerical damping effect introduced by convergence errors becomes more significant as a structure softens. In a real‐time test, a significant portion of the convergence errors is caused by the time delay in actuator response. Hence, a softening structure demands higher precision in displacement control. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the essential oil of Grammosciadium scabridum Boiss. from Iran
Authors: Nori‐Shargh Davood , Raftari Surour , Deyhimi Farzad 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe volatile constituents of the aerial parts of Grammosciadium scabridum Boiss, growing wild in Iran, have been examined by GC–FID and GC–MS. The oil was found to contain 23 components. Altogether, 16 compounds were identified from the aerial parts of this plant, collected in its flowering stage. The oil was rich in α‐pinene (32.4%), bornyl acetate (13.7%) and limonene (11.8%). The other major constituents were endo‐fenchyl acetate (9.7%) and camphene (4.6%). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential oil and antimicrobial activity of wild and cultivated Origanum vulgare L. subsp. hirtum (Link) letswaart from the Marmara region, Turkey
Authors: Esen Gülden , Azaz Ayse Dilek , Kurkcuoglu Mine , Baser Kemal Husnu Can , Tinmaz Ahmet 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe family Lamiaceae is represented by 45 genera, 546 species and 730 taxa in Turkey. The genus Origanum is represented in Turkey by 22 species; the ratio of endemism in the genus is 63%. Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum collected from different localities in Marmara region and their cultivated forms provided by the Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute Yalova/Turkey were subjected to hydrodistillation to yield essential oils which were subsequently analysed by GC and GC–MS. The main constituents of the oils were identified and antimicrobial bioassays were applied. The analyses showed that wild and cultivated Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum oils contained carvacrol (82.9–7.5% and 85.4–5.3%, respectively) and thymol (60.1–0.3% and 68.0–0.3%, respectively) as the main components. The essential oils showed strong antimicrobial activity against all the microorganisms tested. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Including sampling and phenotyping costs into the optimization of two stage designs for genome wide association studies
Authors: Müller Hans‐Helge , Pahl Roman , Schäfer Helmut 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe propose optimized two‐stage designs for genome‐wide case‐control association studies, using a hypothesis testing paradigm. To save genotyping costs, the complete marker set is genotyped in a sub‐sample only (stage I). On stage II, the most promising markers are then genotyped in the remaining sub‐sample. In recent publications, two‐stage designs were proposed which minimize the overall genotyping costs. To achieve full design optimization, we additionally include sampling costs into both the cost function and the design optimization. The resulting optimal designs differ markedly from those optimized for genotyping costs only (partially optimized designs), and achieve considerable further cost reductions. Compared with partially optimized designs, fully optimized two‐stage designs have higher first‐stage sample proportion. Furthermore, the increment of the sample size over the one‐stage design, which is necessary in two‐stage designs in order to compensate for the loss of power due to partial genotyping, is less pronounced for fully optimized two‐stage designs. In addition, we address the scenario where the investigator is interested to gain as much information as possible, however is restricted in terms of a budget. In that we develop two‐stage designs that maximize the power under a certain cost constraint. Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TGF‐β1/SMAD signaling induces astrocyte fate commitment in vitro: Implications for radial glia development
Authors: Stipursky Joice , Gomes Flávia Carvalho Alcantara 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRadial glial (RG) cells are specialized type of cell, which functions as neuronal precursors and scaffolding guides to migrating neurons during cerebral cortex development. After neurogenesis and migration are completed, most of RG cells transform into astrocytes. Mechanism and molecules involved in this process are not completely elucidated. We previously demonstrated that neurons activate the promoter of the astrocyte maturation marker GFAP in astrocytes by secretion of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) in vitro. Here, we studied the role of neurons and TGF‐β1 pathway in RG differentiation. To address this question, we employed cortical progenitor cultures enriched in GLAST/nestin double‐labeled cells, markers of RG cells. TGF‐β1 and conditioned medium derived from neuron‐astrocyte cocultures (CM) decreased the number of cells expressing the precursor marker nestin and increased that expressing GFAP in cortical progenitor cultures. These events were impaired by addition of neutralizing antibodies against TGF‐β1. Increase in the number of GFAP positive cells was associated with Smads 2/3 nuclear translocation, a hallmark of TGF‐β1 pathway activation. PCR‐assays revealed a decrease in the levels of mRNA for the RG marker, BLBP (brain lipid binding protein), due to TGF‐β1 and CM treatment. We further identified TGF‐β1 receptor in cortical progenitor cultures suggesting that these cells might be target for TGF‐β1 during development. Our work provides strong evidence that TGF‐β1 might be a novel factor involved in RG‐astrocyte transformation and highlights the role of neuron‐glia interaction in this process. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization of annexin II in the paranodal regions and Schmidt–Lanterman incisures in the peripheral nervous system
Authors: Hayashi Akiko , Nakashima Keiko , Yamagishi Katsumasa , Hoshi Tomiko , Suzuki Ayaka , Baba Hiroko 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAnnexin II (AX II) is a member of the family of calcium‐dependent actin‐ and phospholipid‐binding proteins implicated in numerous intracellular functions such as signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and mRNA transport, as well as in the regulation of membrane/cytoskeleton contacts and extracellular functions. AX II is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and is upregulated in some pathological conditions. However, expression and localization of this protein in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is still uncertain. In the present study, we examined the expression and distribution of AX II in the PNS. By western blot analysis, we found that a higher level of AX II was present in sciatic nerve homogenates than in brain homogenates. RT‐PCR of total RNA from rat sciatic nerves revealed that AX II was synthesized within the nerves. Immunohistological analysis showed the characteristic distribution of AX II in Schmidt–Lanterman incisures (SLI) as well as in the paranodal regions. Localization of AX II in the PNS was examined in two mutant mouse models, shiverer and cerebroside sulfotransferase knockout mice, both of which show increased numbers of SLI. The paranodal axo‐glial junction is also disrupted in the latter. Interestingly, the staining intensities of AX II in these regions were increased markedly in both mutants, suggesting that not only the numbers but also AX II content in each incisure and paranodal loop were affected. From its characteristic distribution and molecular features, AX II may be important for myelin function in the PNS. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Post‐Impoundment Biomass and Composition of Phytoplankton in the Yangtze River
Authors: Zeng Hui , Song Lirong , Yu Zhigang , Chen Hongtao 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDamming, and thus alteration of stream flow, promotes higher phytoplankton populations and encourages algal blooms (density >106cells L–1) in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Phytoplankton composition and biomass were studied in the Yangtze River from March 2004 to May 2005. 107 taxa were identified. Diatoms were the dominant group, followed by Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria. In the Yangtze River, algal abundance varied from 3.13 × 103to 3.83 × 106cells L–1, and algal biomass was in the range of 0.06 to 659 mg C m–3. Levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and silica did not show consistent longitudinal changes along the river and were not correlated with phytoplankton parameters. Phytoplankton abundance was negatively correlated with main channel discharge (Spearman r = –1.000, P < 0.01). Phytoplankton abundance and biomass in the Yangtze River are mainly determined by the hydrological conditions rather than by nutrient concentrations. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Decomposition of Fire Exposed Eucalyptus Leaves in a Portuguese Lowland Stream
Authors: Gama Mafalda , Gonçalves Ana Lúcia , Ferreira Verónica , Graça Manuel A. S. , Canhoto Cristina 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe compared fire exposed with normal abscised eucalyptus leaves incubated in a stream running through eucalyptus plantations in central Portugal, in terms of breakdown rates, microbial activity, diversity and macroinvertebrate abundance. Although leaves exposed to fire had lower nutritional value, mass loss was similar for both leaf types (k = 0.0089–0.0095 d–1 for fire and k = 0.0084–0.00103 d–1 for normal leaves). Fungal biomass was similar among treatments, whereas sporulation and microbial respiration were lower in fire exposed leaves. Both leaf types had similar aquatic hyphomycetes communities. Physical fragmentation was important in fire exposed leaves breakdown. Invertebrates colonized leaves in low numbers in both treatments. Alteration of leaf litter quality determined by fires in streams does not seem to determine changes in ecosystem functioning in a short term. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New families of non‐embeddable quasi‐derived designs
Authors: Alraqad Tariq 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe main result in this article is a method of constructing a non‐embeddable quasi‐derived design from a quasi‐derived design and an α‐resolvable design. This method is a generalization of techniques used by van Lint and Tonchev in 14, 15 and Kageyama and Miao in 8. As applications, we construct several new families of non‐embeddable quasi‐derived designs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 263–275, 2008
Two constructions of (v, (v − 1)/2, (v − 3)/2) difference families
Authors: Ding Cunsheng 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this article, two constructions of (v, (v − 1)/2, (v − 3)/2) difference families are presented. The first construction produces both cyclic and noncyclic difference families, while the second one gives only cyclic difference families. The parameters of the second construction are new. The difference families presented in this article can be used to construct Hadamard matrices. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 164–171, 2008
Preoperative cardiac risk stratification 2007: Evolving evidence, evolving strategies
Authors: Cohn Steven L. , Auerbach Andrew D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractVarious guidelines and risk indices have optimized cardiac risk stratification, and the emphasis has shifted to reducing perioperative risk. This review is an update on invasive (CABG/PCI) and noninvasive (medical therapy with beta‐blockers, alpha‐agonists, and statins) strategies to reduce cardiac risk for noncardiac surgery and the controversies surrounding their use. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:174–180. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Conflicting measures of hospital quality: Ratings from “Hospital Compare” versus “Best Hospitals”
Authors: Halasyamani Lakshmi K. , Davis Matthew M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn April 2005 the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services launched “Hospital Compare,” the first government‐sponsored hospital quality scorecard. We compared the ranking of U.S. News and World Report's “Best Hospitals” with Hospital Compare performance ratings.METHODSWe examined Hospital Compare scores for core measures related to care for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure (CHF), and community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP). We calculated composite scores for the disease‐specific sets of core measures and a composite combined score for the 14 core measures (across 3 diseases) and determined national score quartile cut points for each set. We then characterized the quartile distribution of Hospital Compare scores for the Best Hospitals for care of cardiac conditions and respiratory disorders in each year, as well as for the Best Hospital “Honor Roll” institutions.RESULTSAMI scores were available for 2165 hospitals, CHF scores for 3130, and CAP scores for 3462. In both 2004 and 2005, fewer than 50% of the Best Hospitals for cardiac care rated in the top quartile of Hospital Compare scores for AMI and CHF. Among the Best Hospitals for care of respiratory disorders, fewer than 15% scored in the top Hospital Compare quartile for CAP. Among Honor Roll institutions, only 5 (of 14 hospitals in 2004; of 16 in 2005) ranked in the top quartile for the combined core measure score.CONCLUSIONSHospital Compare scores are frequently discordant with Best Hospital rankings, which is likely attributable to the markedly different methods each rating approach employs. Such discordance between major quality rating systems paints a conflicting picture of institutional performance for the public to interpret. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:128–134. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.