bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD11c provides an effective immunotarget for the generation of both CD4 and CD8 T cell responses
Authors: Castro Fernanda V. V. , Tutt Alison L. , White Ann L. , Teeling Jessica L. , James Sonya , French Ruth R. , Glennie Martin J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe magnitude and quality of T cell responses generated when Ag is targeted to receptors on DC is influenced by both the specific receptor targeted and its distribution among DC subsets. Here we examine the targeting of the model Ag OVA to potential DC targets, including CD11c, CD205, MHC class II, CD40, TLR2 and FcγRII/III, using a panel of (Fab' × OVA) conjugates. In vitro studies identified CD11c, CD205 and MHC class II as superior and comparably effective immunotargets for the delivery of OVA to APC for presentation to T cells. In vivo studies, however, showed a marked advantage of targeting Ag to CD11c for both CD4 (OT‐II) and CD8 (OT‐I) responses, with robust stimulation after a single, low dose (equivalent to 0.5 μg OVA); in contrast, (anti‐CD205 × OVA) and (anti‐MHC class II × OVA) resulted in markedly less proliferation of both OT‐I and OT‐II cells. Biodistribution and immunohistochemical studies suggest that the exceptional ability of CD11c to capture Ag in lymphoid tissues may, at least partially, explain its ability to promote T cell responses. These results suggest that targeting antigen via CD11c offers a previously unappreciated strategy for vaccine development which, unlike most targets, delivers robust responses of both CD4 and CD8 T cells.See accompanying article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838645Supporting Information for this article is available at http://www.wiley‐vch.de/contents/jc_2040/2008/38302_s.pdf
CD11c: Not merely a murine DC marker, but also a useful vaccination target
Authors: Kurts Christian 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe induction of robust CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses is a central aim in antiviral and anticancer vaccination. To this end, dendritic cells (DC) need to capture the vaccine, process and present it on MHC class I and II molecules. The mechanisms by which DC acquire antigen predetermine the quantity and quality of the ensuing T cell activation. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, it is demonstrated that targeting antigen towards CD11c, an integrin expressed preferentially by murine DC, facilitates efficient CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation. The underlying mechanisms involve efficient antigen delivery into the marginal zone and T/DC zone of the spleen. This commentary discusses these findings in the context of current knowledge on antigen presentation.See accompanying article http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838302
Alum adjuvanticity: Unraveling a century old mystery
Authors: De Gregorio Ennio , Tritto Elaine , Rappuoli Rino 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe development of vaccine adjuvants for human use has been one of the slowest processes in the history of medicine. For almost one century, aluminium hydroxide (alum) has been the only vaccine adjuvant approved worldwide. Only in the past decade have two oil‐in‐water emulsions and one TLR agonist been approved by the European authorities as new vaccine adjuvants. Despite the fact that alum has been injected into billions of people, its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Recently, several reports have greatly increased our knowledge of the molecular and cellular events triggered by alum; however, the contribution of each of these processes to alum adjuvanticity is still unclear. A study published in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, together with two recent publications, have demonstrated that the NOD‐like receptor, pyrin domain containing 3 (Nlrp3)‐inflammasome is the molecular target of alum immunostimulatory activity in vitro. Surprisingly, these three studies reported conflicting results on the requirement of the Nlrp3 inflammasome complex for alum adjuvant effects in vivo. This commentary attempts to resolve some of these discrepancies.See accompanying article http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838549
Insights into a Nontoxic and High‐Yielding Synthesis of Methyltrioxorhenium (MTO)
Authors: Mitterpleininger Josef K. M. , Szesni Normen , Sturm Stefanie , Fischer Richard W. , Kühn Fritz E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe versatile catalyst methyltrioxorhenium(VII) (MTO) is now available in high yields by utilizing easily accessible nontoxic starting materials. The new synthetic pathway allows an inexpensive, large‐scale production of MTO, paving the way for industrial applications. A variety of starting materials is compared with respect to their applicability, availability and ease of handling. The reaction times and the byproducts formed are compared under different reaction conditions. It was seen that silver perrhenate in combination with methylzinc acetate, which was derived from trimethylaluminum and zinc acetate, are the best starting materials for a high‐yielding large‐scale synthesis of MTO. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Deaggregation of Trimethylsilylmethyllithium
Authors: Tatic Tanja , Ott Holger , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPolyamine donor bases such as N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), (–)‐sparteine and N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylentriamine (PMDETA) have been employed to deaggregate parent trimethylsilylmethyllithium (1). The crystal structures of the dimers [(TMEDA)·LiCH2SiMe3]2 (2) and [{(–)‐sparteine}·LiCH2SiMe3]2 (3) were determined and reveal a four‐membered ring as the central structural motif. The two lithium atoms are each coordinated by the chelating ligands and the carbanions. The Li–C contacts show alternating bond lengths. The monomer [(PMDETA)·LiCH2SiMe3] (4) has the shortest Li–C contact of the aggregates discussed, and the Me3Si group points toward the central nitrogen atom of the PMDETA ligand, even if this alignment seems unfavourable for steric reasons. The bond lengths and angles of compounds 2–4 are discussed in relation to the orientation of the lone pair at the carbanion. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
The Interaction of Iodide Film with Platinum Microparticles on Different Electrode Materials for Various Electrocatalytic Reactions
Authors: Su Buo‐Wei , Thiagarajan Soundappan , Chen Shen‐Ming 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe electrochemical depositions of Pt microparticles and KI film were successfully carried out on glassy carbon electrodes (GCE), gold electrodes (GE), and indium tin oxide electrodes (ITO). The electrochemical studies of Pt micro/KI film on GCE show that the film was stable, active at pH 1.5 electrolyte solutions. The Pt microparticle/KI film modified ITO electrodes were examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The SEM and AFM results show that the Pt particle sizes were in the range of 120 nm–1.4 μm, respectively. The proposed film on GCE shows efficient electrocatalysis for oxygen, Cr2O$\rm{ {_{7}^{2-}}}$ reduction by using cyclic voltammetry. Further the electrochemical oxidation of sodium meta‐arsenite (As(III)), H2O2 were successfully carried out and the detection of H2O2 in real samples has been validated.
Performance characterization of an insulator‐based dielectrophoretic microdevice
Authors: Ozuna‐Chacón Sandra , Lapizco‐Encinas Blanca H. , Rito‐Palomares Marco , Martínez‐Chapa Sergio O. , Reyes‐Betanzo Claudia 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDielectrophoresis (DEP), the motion of particles in nonuniform electric fields, is a nondestructive electrokinetic (EK) transport mechanism can be used to concentrate and separate bioparticles. Traditionally, DEP has been performed employing microelectrodes, an approach that is expensive due to the cost of microelectrode fabrication. An alternative is insulator‐based DEP (iDEP), an inexpensive method where nonuniform electric fields are created with arrays of insulating structures. This study presents the effects of operating conditions on the dielectrophoretic behavior of polystyrene microparticles under iDEP. Experiments were performed employing microchannels containing insulating structures that worked as insulators. The parameters varied were pH (8–9) and conductivity (25–100 μS/cm) of the bulk medium, and the magnitude of the applied field (200–850 V/cm). Optimal operating conditions in terms of pH and conductivity were obtained, and the microdevice performance was characterized in terms of concentration factor and minimum electric field required (minimum energy consumption). This is the first report on improving iDEP processes when EOF is present. DEP and EOF have been studied extensively, however, this study integrates the effect of suspending medium characteristics on both EK phenomena. These findings will allow improving the performance of iDEP microdevices achieving the highest concentration fold with the lowest energy consumption.
Capillary electrophoresis immunoassay using magnetic beads
Authors: Chen Hong‐Xu , Busnel Jean‐Marc , Gassner Anne‐Laure , Peltre Gabriel , Zhang Xin‐Xiang , Girault Hubert H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractProtein A‐coated magnetic beads (0.3 μm) have been trapped in a small portion of a neutrally coated capillary (50 μm id). Anti‐β‐lactoglobulin (β‐LG) antibodies have then been immobilized on the beads through strong affinity with protein A to subsequently capture β‐LG from model or real samples. Once the immunocomplexes formed at physiological pH, a discontinuous buffer system has been used to release the partners and preconcentrate them by transient ITP. The antigens and antibodies have finally been separated by CZE and detected by UV absorbance. An LOQ of 55 nM has been achieved. This methodology has been applied to quantify native β‐LG in pasteurized and ultra‐high‐temperature‐treated bovine milk. All the described procedures, including immunosorbent preparation, sample extraction, cleanup, preconcentration, and separation are completely automated on a commercial CE instrument. As this CE immunoassay method is simple, rapid, selective, and sensitive, it should be a practical and attractive technology for the analysis of complicated biological samples.
Current awareness in geriatric psychiatry
Authors:   John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of geriatric psychiatry. Each bibliography is divided into 9 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Assessment; 4 Epidemiology; 5 Therapy; 6 Care; 7 Dementia; 8 Depression; 9 Psychology. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted
Switch from type II to I Fas/CD95 death signaling on in vitro culturing of primary hepatocytes
Authors: Walter Dorothée , Schmich Kathrin , Vogel Sandra , Pick Robert , Kaufmann Thomas , Hochmuth Florian Christoph , Haber Angelika , Neubert Karin , McNelly Sabine , von Weizsäcker Fritz , Merfort Irmgard , Maurer Ulrich , Strasser Andreas , Borner Christoph 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Fas/CD95-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes

in vivo

proceeds through the so-called type II pathway, requiring the proapoptotic BH3-only Bcl-2 family member Bid for mitochondrial death signaling. Consequently, Bid-deficient mice are protected from anti-Fas antibody injection induced fatal hepatitis. We report the unexpected finding that freshly isolated mouse hepatocytes, cultured on collagen or Matrigel, become independent of Bid for Fas-induced apoptosis, thereby switching death signaling from type II to type I. In such

in vitro

cultures, Fas ligand (FasL) activates caspase-3 without Bid cleavage, Bax/Bak activation or cytochrome c release, and neither Bid ablation nor Bcl-2 overexpression is protective. The type II to type I switch depends on extracellular matrix adhesion, as primary hepatocytes in suspension die in a Bid-dependent manner. Moreover, the switch is specific for FasL-induced apoptosis as collagen-plated Bid-deficient hepatocytes are protected from tumor necrosis factor alpha/actinomycin D (TNFα/ActD)-induced apoptosis.

Conclusion:

Our data suggest a selective crosstalk between extracellular matrix and Fas-mediated signaling that favors mitochondria-independent type I apoptosis induction. (Hepatology 2008;48:1942-1953.)
Modulation of neurotoxicant‐induced increases in intracellular calcium by phytoestrogens differ for amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐pyridine (MPP+)
Authors: Sørensen Izel Fourie , Purup Stig , Ehrich Marion 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNeurotoxicant‐induced elevation of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) and modulation by phystoestrogens were examinedin vitrousing human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells cultured with amyloid beta‐peptide (Aβ) and 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐pyridine (MPP+). Although Aβitself did not increase Ca2+, it exacerbated the effects of carbachol. The elevation of Ca2+caused by the agents in combination could be reduced by pretreatment with the phytoestrogens equol and genistein, as well as by the L‐type Ca2+channel blocker nifedipine. MPP+ exposure also elevated Ca2+, an effect blocked by nifedipine but not by the phytoestrogens. As opposed to phytoestrogens, nifedipine was also able to significantly reduce cell death caused by higher concentrations of MPP+in the LDH viability assay. The results suggest that phytoestrogens are unlikely to serve as general cellular protectants for neurotoxicants with different mechanisms of action. The concentrations of Aβand MPP+affecting Ca2+release did not inhibit cell viability as measured with the LDH release assay. This indicates that mechanisms involved with toxicity can be studied at doses that are not lethal. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical investigations of the RNA polymerase molecular motor
Authors: Strick Terence R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMolecular motors have been extensively studied over the past 25 years using a range of optical microscopy methods. The specific example of RNA polymerase, responsible for transcribing the information encoded in DNA into RNA, illustrates the strength of the convergence between these recent approaches and the vast store of data collected over the past half century using the more “classical” approaches of genetics, biochemistry, and structure elucidation. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface functionalization of bioactive glasses
Authors: Verné E. , Vitale‐Brovarone C. , Bui E. , Bianchi C. L. , Boccaccini A. R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDifferent cleaning and silanization methods have been applied to bioactive glasses with the aim of covalently bonding bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP‐2) to the surface. Several glasses, with different bioactivity index, were cleaned with acidic, basic, or neutral aqueous media to investigate the role of pH in the formation of silanols on glass surfaces of different reactivity. The cleaned glasses were then functionalized using 3‐aminopropyl‐triethoxysilane (APTS). After the optimization of the silanization procedure, proteins of different complexity were immobilized on the functionalized glasses. To optimize the protein immobilization, a model protein (carnosine) was first used, and the procedure was then used to bind human BMP‐2. The glass surfaces were characterized during each step of the treatment by water contact angles and X‐ray photoelectron analyses. The APTS functionalization was then used to immobilize bone morphogenetic protein on the bioactive glasses. This result suggested that such a treatment could be successfully used as an efficient alternative to systemic administration of transforming growth factors for the development of local delivery vehicle implants. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Influence of calcium phosphate crystal morphology on the adhesion, spreading, and growth of bone derived cells
Authors: Liu Y. , Shelton R. , Gbureck U. , Barralet J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this study, rat periosteal cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) were examined when cultured on octacalcium phosphate (OCP) crystals to determine the effects of crystal morphology on their adhesion, spreading, and growth. Three type of OCP crystals with different morphology were prepared by different precipitation methods. OCPI was prepared by homogeneous precipitation; while OCPII and III were prepared by heterogeneous precipitation dripping a calcium ion containing solution into a phosphate ion solution or vice versa, respectively. The effects of crystal morphology on the attachment and spreading of cultured cells on OCP crystals were observed using SEM. The effects of crystal morphology on the growth of periosteal cell or BMSC were evaluated using the MTT assay, while OCP crystal cytotoxicity was determined by measuring lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) released from 2.12 × 105 cells incubated with 60 mg of the different OCPs. BMSCs and periosteal cells attached to or between the crystals of OCPI and the cell number increased over the 17 days of culture. In contrast, cell numbers could not be measured for either periosteal cells or BMSC on OCPII and III. BMSC incubated with OCPII and III showed a higher rate of LDH release, compared with the cells incubated with OCPI. This study demonstrated that the morphology of OCP crystals influenced the attachment, spreading and growth of periosteal cells and BMSC. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Designing tailored biomaterial surfaces to direct keratinocyte morphology, attachment, and differentiation
Authors: Bush K. A. , Driscoll P. F. , Soto E. R. , Lambert C. R. , McGimpsey W. G. , Pins G. D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPrecisely engineering the surface chemistry of biomaterials to modulate the adsorption and functionality of biochemical signaling molecules that direct cellular functions is critical in the development of tissue engineered scaffolds. Specifically, this study describes the use of functionalized self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) as a model system to assess the effects of biomaterial surface properties on controlling fibronectin (FN) conformation and concentration as well as keratinocyte function. By systematically analyzing FN adsorption at low and saturated surface densities, we distinguished between SAM‐dependent effects of FN concentration and conformation on presenting cellular binding domains that direct cellular functions. Quantitative image analyses of immunostained samples showed that modulating the availability of the FN synergy site directly correlated with changes in keratinocyte attachment, spreading, and differentiation, through integrin‐mediated signaling mechanisms. The results of this study will be used to elucidate design features that can be incorporated into dermal equivalents and percutaneous implants to enhance the rate of re‐epithelialization and tissue regeneration. Furthermore, these findings indicate that SAM‐based model systems are a valuable tool for designing and investigating the development of scaffolds that regulate the conformation of extracellular matrix cues and cellular functions that accelerate the rate of tissue regeneration. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Characterization of the 5′‐flanking region and regulation of expression of human anion exchanger SLC26A6
Authors: Saksena Seema , Dwivedi Alka , Singla Amika , Gill Ravinder K. , Tyagi Sangeeta , Borthakur Alip , Alrefai Waddah A. , Ramaswamy Krishnamurthy , Dudeja Pradeep K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSLC26A6 (putative anion transporter 1, PAT1) has been shown to play an important role in mediating the luminal Cl−/OH−(HCO) exchange process in the intestine. Very little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the transcriptional regulation of intestinal SLC26A6 gene expression in the intestine. Current studies were, therefore, designed to clone and characterize the 5′‐regulatory region of the human SLC26A6 gene and determine the mechanisms involved in its regulation. A 1,120 bp (p−964/+156) SLC26A6 promoter fragment cloned upstream to the luciferase reporter gene in pGL2‐basic exhibited high promoter activity when transfected in Caco2 cells. Progressive deletions of the 5′‐flanking region demonstrated that −214/−44 region of the promoter harborscis‐acting elements important for maximal SLC26A6 promoter activity. Since, diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel diseases is attributed to increased secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, we examined the effects of IFNγ (30 ng/ml, 24 h) on SLC26A6 function, expression and promoter activity. IFNγ decreased both SLC26A6 mRNA and function and repressed SLC26A6 promoter activity. Deletion analysis indicated that IFNγ response element is located between −414/−214 region and sequence analysis of this region revealed the presence of potential Interferon Stimulated Responsive Element (ISRE), a binding site (−318/−300 bp) for interferon regulatory factor‐1 transcription factor (IRF‐1). Mutations in the potential ISRE site abrogated the inhibitory effects of IFNγ. These studies provided novel evidence for the involvement of IRF‐1 in the regulation of SLC26A6 gene expression by IFNγ in the human intestine. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 454–466, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inflammation as the primary aetiological agent of human prostate cancer: A stem cell connection?
Authors: Maitland Norman J. , Collins Anne T. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractInflammation has been implicated for some time as a potential aetiological agent in human prostate cancer. Viral and bacterial infections or even chemical carcinogens such as those found in cooked meat have been proposed as the inflammatory stimuli, but the mechanism of cancer induction is unknown. Recent information about gene expression patterns in normal and malignant epithelial stem cells from human prostate provides a new hypothesis for inflammation‐induced carcinogenesis. The hypothesis states that in the stem cells located in the basal cell compartment of the prostate, activated prostate epithelial stem cells acquire a survival advantage, by expressing one of more of the same cytokines such as IL6. The establishment of one or more autocrine signalling loops results in an expansion of these cells in the absence of inflammation, as a potential first stage in the development of the tumour. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 931–939, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.