bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vesicourethral Dysfunction Following Radical Surgery for Rectal Carcinoma: Change in Voiding Pattern on Sequential Urodynamic Studies and Impact of Nerve‐Sparing Surgery
Authors: Mitsui Takahiko , Kobayashi Shinya , Matsuura Shinobu , Kakizaki Hidehiro , Mori Tatsuya , Minami Shigemasa , Koyanagi Tomohiko 
Published: July 2007

Objectives Urodynamic studies were performed to clarify vesicourethral dysfunction and recovery after rectal surgery for cancer. Materials and Methods At 1, and 6 to 12 months after rectal surgery interviews and urodynamic studies (UDS) were performed on 51 consecutive patients, all without a prior history of voiding disorder (40 males and 11 females; median age, 60 years). Patients were divided into 2 groups, either with (preserved group, n = 17) or without (nonpreserved group, n = 34) preservation of the bilateral pelvic plexus during surgery. Comparisons of voiding status and urodynamic parameters were made between the 2 groups. Results By 1 and 6 months after the operation normal voiding was achieved in 71 % (12/17) and 100% (13/13) of patients in the preserved group, and 6% (2/34) and 30% of patients (9/30) in the nonpreserved group, respectively (P< 0.001). Attainment of normal voiding in the nonpreserved group was preceded by the recovery of bladder sensation, while UDS demonstrated increases in vesical compliance and the disappearance of vesical denervation supersensitivity. Conclusion A nerve‐sparing procedure during radical surgery for rectal carcinoma preserved vesicourethral function. The urodynamic parameters relevant to postoperative recovery of voiding function were improved vesical compliance, disappearance of vesical denervation supersensitivity, and recovery of a bladder filling sensation.
Persistent Vesicourethral Dysfunction Following Radical Surgery for Rectal Carcinoma: Urodynamic Features and Potential Abatement with Modified Sphincterotomy (Radical Transurethral Resection of the Prostate)
Authors: Mitsui Takahiko , Shinno Yuichiro , Kobayashi Shinya , Matsuura Shinobu , Shibata Takashi , Ameda Kaname , Koyanagi Tomohiko 
Published: July 2007

Background Vesicourethral function returns after radical rectal surgery during the first year but rarely progresses after 1 year. We examined the urodynamics of patients whose voiding dysfunction remained after 1 year, and treated several with a modified sphincterotomy procedure similar to radical transurethral resection of the prostate. Methods We analyzed the urodynamic features of vesicourethral dysfunction in 16 male patients with persistent voiding dysfunction for more than 1 year following radical surgery for rectal carcinoma. Seven patients elected to undergo radical transurethral resection of prostate (radical TUR‐P) for the relief of their persistent voiding dysfunction. Results The mean bladder volume at the first desire to void was 210 mL, the mean maximal bladder capacity was 343 mL, and the mean vesical compliance (Cves) was 27.1 mL/cm H2O. All patients demonstrated either vesical denervation supersensitivity (Vds) or uninhibited contraction. The mean maximal urethral closure pressure was 43.9 cm H2O, and urethral denervation supersensitivity was found in 77.8% (7/9), and sphincter dyssynergia in 66.7% (6/9) of patients. After radical TUR‐P, 5 patients became free from the use of self‐catheterization, 1 patient had a reduced residual urine rate, and 1 patient was unchanged, but no patient noted a change in urinary control. Conclusion Urethral dysfunction after radical rectal surgery was caused by failure of the bladder to empty along with an underactive detrusor. Radical TUR‐P was effective in restoring voiding function in a selected group of these patients.
Testicular Findings, Endocrine Features and Therapeutic Responses of Men with Acquired Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Authors: Tachiki Hitoshi , Ito Naoki , Maruta Hiroshi , Kumamoto Yoshiaki , Tsukamoto Taiji 
Published: July 2007

Background Men with acquired hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (AHH) who desire restoration of fertility are treated with exogenous gonadotropin. However, gonadotropin (Gn) therapy does not always restore testicular function. It is unknown whether the therapeutic responses to Gn therapy correlate with their testicular histological findings. Thus, we analyzed factors influencing testicular dysfunction and therapeutic responses in AHH. Methods Of 21 men with AHH, 11 had no postmeiotic germ cells and were classified as the severe spermatogenic failure group. These were compared with the other 10 patients who had postmeiotic germ cells and comprised the mild spermatogenic failure group. Results: Testicular volume and tubular diameter were significantly smaller, and the basement membrane and tunica propria were significantly thicker in the severe failure group. The gonadotropin basal level and response to exogenous gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, and the testosterone response to exogenous human chorionic gonadotropin were significantly lower in the severe failure group of patients. Also, the recovery of spermatogenesis and testosterone secretory potentials was poor in the cases with a duration between diagnosis and treatment of 2 years or more. Conclusion Longer periods without treatment may be responsible for irreversible testicular dysfunction in AHH. Gn therapy should be initiated very soon after the diagnosis of AHH if fertility is desired.
Evaluation of the Prognostic Significance of Microvessel Count and Tumor Size in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yoshino Shuji , Kato Mikio , Okada Koichi 
Published: July 2007

Background:We analyzed the significance of tumor microvessel count and tumor size as prognostic factors for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Methods:T criteria (local invasion), M criteria (distant metastasis), macrovenous invasion, histological grade, cell type, tumor size, and tumor microvessel count were investigated as prognostic factors in 62 patients with RCC. Microvessel density was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of the endothelial cells.Results:No significant correlation was found between tumor size and the other prognostic factors. Analysis of the survival rate based on tumor size revealed that patients with a small tumor tended to show a good prognosis, but no significant difference was found in the prognosis between medium‐sized and large‐sized tumor groups. Analysis of all patients revealed that M criteria, macrovenous invasion, cell type and microvessel count were significant factors and that in 37 patients with low‐stage tumors, the only significant prognostic factor was microvessel count (P= 0.003).Conclusion:Tumor size cannot be readily justified as a determinant of prognosis in patients with medium‐or large‐sized tumors. In patients with low‐stage tumors, microvessel count served as the only significant determinant for prognosis. When the patients were considered as a whole, microvessel count, M criteria, macrovenous invasion and histological grade were significant prognostic factors.
Combined Treatment of Staghorn Calculi by Fiberoptic Transurethral Nephrolithotripsy and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
Authors: Mugiya Soichi , Suzuki Kazuo , Ushiyama Tomomi , Fujita Kimio 
Published: July 2007

Background:Although various strategies have been proposed, the treatment of staghorn calculi is still controversial. We report on the treatment of 27 staghorn calculi using fiberoptic transurethral nephrolithotripsy (f‐TUL) combined with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).Methods:Stones were initially disintegrated by f‐TUL as an inpatient procedure. For stone fragmentation, we originally used an electrohydraulic lithotriptor (EHL) but changed to a pulsed‐dye laser in 1993. After the stones were disintegrated as much as possible, a double‐J ureteral stent was inserted and the patient was discharged. ESWL for the residual fragments was begun on an outpatient basis at 1 or 2 weeks after f‐TUL and repeated until the residual fragments were smaller than 4 mm.Results:Since 1989, 27 staghorn calculi in 26 patients have been treated. Among them, 21 were successfully fragmented using this combined treatment regimen. From 3 to 26 ESWL sessions (mean, 8.4 sessions) were required to disintegrate the staghorn calculi. Auxiliary percutaneous endourological procedures were necessary in 2 cases due to ureteral obstruction. The other 4 patients are still receiving ESWL for residual fragments. Urinary tract injury occurred in 2 patients early in this series when an EHL was used, but was managed without any surgical procedures. A fever greater than 38°C developed in 9 patients.Conclusion:Combining f‐TUL with ESWL provides an alternative treatment option for staghorn calculi. The use of a small caliber fiberscope (2.6 mm in diameter) and a laser for fragmentation decreased the risk of complications.
Familial Prostate Cancer in Japan
Authors: Ohtake Nobuaki , Hatori Motoaki , Yamanaka Hidetoshi , Nakata Seiji , Sada Masaharu , Tsuji Takayuki 
Published: July 2007

Background:Familial prostate cancer has been studied in Europe and the United States. This study was conducted toclarify the clinical features and incidenceof the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in familial prostate cancer in patients seen at hospitals in Japan.Methods:The age at diagnosis, clinical stage, histologic differentiation, prognosis, cause of death and family history were compiled from 43 patients from 20 families with familial prostate cancer (group F) and compared in patients with sporadic prostate cancer (group S). In addition, HLA class II gene typing was performed in 17 patients from 11 families with familial prostate cancer (group F') and their healthy family members (15 males and 25 females).Results:The age at diagnosis was significantly lower in group F patients (P < 0.001), but neither clinical stage nor prognosis differed between group F and group S, yet the incidence of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma was significantly higher in group F (P& 0.01). There were no historical factors that were specific for group F patients. The frequency of HLA‐DRB1 *0901 and *1201 alleles was significantly higher in group F' patients than in group J (the frequency of alleles in 1216 Japanese people attending the 11th Japan HLA Workshop), but not between group F' and their healthy male family members.Conclusion:There were no significant differences in clinical parameters between group F and group S, except that the age at diagnosis was lower in group F patients, and that the frequency of several HLA class II alleles was significantly higher in patients with prostate cancer. In men with a family history of prostate cancer, examinations for early detection of prostate cancer should begin at a young age.
Use of Systematic Biopsy Results to Predict Pathologic Stage in Patients with Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Goto Yasuki , Ohori Makoto , Scardino Peter T. 
Published: July 2007

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of clinical tests to predict advanced pathologic stage (seminal vesicle invasion, pT3c, or pelvic lymph node metastases, pN+). Methods: T stage, PSA, PSA density, and pathologic features in systematic biopsy specimens were correlated with pathologic stage in 190 consecutive patients with clinically localized (T1‐3) prostate cancer detected by systematic needle biopsies and treated with radical prostatectomies. Results: Thirty‐three patients (17%) had an advanced pathologic stage cancer (pT3c or pN+). In logistic regression analysis, the total length of cancer in all biopsy cores (P < 0.0005), the percent of poorly‐differentiated cancer in each specimen (P < 0.021), and serum PSA (P < 0.028) were the only significant predictors of advanced stage. A model was constructed to predict advanced stage: if the PSA was 6 ng/mL and 4 or more biopsy cores were positive and the total length of cancer in all cores was 20 mm and at least 10% of the cancer was poorly‐differentiated, then 14 (93%) of 15 patients had an advanced pathologic stage cancer compared to 11% of the remaining 175 patients (P < 0.0005). Conclusion: The pathologic features of cancer in systematic needle biopsy specimens more accurately predicts which patients have advanced stage cancer than standard clinical tests alone.
Significant Prognostic Factors for 5‐Year Survival after Curative Resection of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Masuda Hiroaki , Kurita Yutaka , Fukuta Ken , Mugiya Soichi , Suzuki Kazuo , Fujita Kimio 
Published: July 2007

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients occasionally die of RCC even after curative resection. In this study, we investigated prognostic factors between survivors for more than 5 years and patients who died within 5 years after curative resection. Methods: We retrospectively studied 111 patients who underwent RCC curative resection and were followed for more than 5 years. Patient survival at 5 years after curative resection was regarded as the end‐point of this analysis. Statistical differences of 19 prognostic factors between surviving and deceased patients were determined using logistic regression analysis. Results: Eighteen of the 111 patients died of RCC during the 5‐year follow‐up period. Of the 19 prognostic factors evaluated, univariate analysis showed significant differences in the body temperature, hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), α2‐globulin, C‐reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, tumor size, Robson's stage, T classification (renal capsular involvement), pathological grade, and mode of tumor infiltration. Five significant variables (body temperature, ESR, α2‐globulin, fibrinogen, and tumor size) were excluded from multivariate analysis because greater than 10% of the data was missing. The TNM staging system was selected as the representative variable for stage for multivariate analysis. Using the remaining 5 significant variables (hemoglobin, CRP, T stage, pathological grade, and mode of tumor infiltration), multivariate analysis showed that CRP (P=0.01 26) and T stage (P=0.0490) were the most important prognostic factors. Conclusion: From this analysis, CRP and renal capsular involvement were the most important factors predicting survival for greater than 5 years after curative resection of RCC.
Immunological Analysis of Rat Renal Transplant Recipients Exhibiting Long‐term Survival Following Treatment with 15‐Deoxyspergualin in the Early Postoperative Phase
Authors: Takeuchi Ichiro , Chikaraishi Tatsuya , Seki Toshimori , Kanagawa Kouichi , Koyanagi Tomohiko 
Published: July 2007

Background: We previously reported that short‐term administration of 15‐deoxyspergualin (DSG), 5 mg/kg/day on postoperative days 4 through 7, prolonged survival of rat renal allografts indefinitely. We now report the immunologic environment of DSG‐treated recipients in the early postoperative phase. Methods: TO (RT1u) rat kidneys were transplanted into WKAH (RT1k) rats. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), splenocytes (SPC) and graft infiltrating lymphocytes (GIL) were harvested from rejecting (untreated) recipients on day 7 (group AR) and from DSG‐treated recipients on days 7 (Group DSG7) and 14 (group DSG14). Flow cytometric analysis was done to determine characteristics of these cells. Mixed lymphocyte culture reactions (MLRs) were also studied to examine suppressive activities of sera, SPC, and GIL of each group by adding them to TO/WKAH MLRs. Results: In all groups, the proportions of CD8‐and interleukin2 receptor (IL‐2R)‐positive cells were higher for GIL than for either PBL or SPC. The CD4/CD8 ratio was lowest in GIL. Comparing groups DSG7 and DSG14, significant decreases in the proportion of CD8‐ and IL‐2R‐positive cells were found only in GIL. Sera of all groups nonspecifically suppressed MLRs, independent of DSG‐administration. GIL of all groups also nonspecifically suppressed MLRs, while these suppressive activities were not observed with SPC. Suppressive activities of GIL remained unchanged in the first 2 postoperative weeks. Conclusions: Differences in the immunologic environment were reflected primarily in GIL. DSG seemed to decrease CD8‐ and IL‐2R‐positive cells in allografts. In the presence of DSG, this model may feature a predominance of nonspecific suppressor T cells over cytotoxic T cells during the first 2 postoperative weeks.
Results of Transurethral Resection Plus Adjuvant Intravesical Chemotherapy for Superficial Bladder Cancer
Authors: Nomi Masashi , Gohji Kazuo , Okamoto Masayuki , Takenaka Atsushi , Ono Yoshiharu , Fujii Akio 
Published: July 2007

Background: We analyzed the results of conservative therapy for superficial bladder cancer to determine the risk factors for recurrence and progression. Methods: Between May 1984 and February 1997, 111 patients with primary superficial bladder cancer were treated by a transurethral resection with or without intravesical instillation of chemotherapy, or for patients with concomitant carcinoma in situ (CIS), bacillus Calmette‐Guerin. We examined the relationship between tumor stage, grade, incidence of concomitant CIS and recurrence‐free survival according to pathologic findings and the drugs instilled. Results: The incidence of concomitant CIS in pTI, grade 3 tumors was significantly higher than that in pTa, grade 1 tumors (42% vs. 3%, P= 0.006). The 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rate of all patients was 73%. There was no significant difference in recurrence‐free survival and pathologic stage, tumor grade, presence of concomitant CIS, or drugs used for instillation. However, the recurrence‐free survival in patients with 5 tumors was significantly lower than in patients with less than 5 tumors. Of the 111 patients, only 3 patients demonstrated disease progression and underwent a radical cystectomy, while 1 patient with a pTI b, grade 3 tumor developed a tumor in the ureter. No patient died of bladder cancer. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the prognosis of superficial bladder cancer patients with a high‐stage, high‐grade (pTI, grade 3) tumor is favorable when treated by a transurethral resection and intravesical instillation. Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin therapy is useful to prevent the recurrence of tumors with concomitant CIS.
Effects of Etidronate Disodium on Crystallizations in Synthetic Urine and Calcium Oxalate Crystal Adhesion to Madin‐Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) Cells
Authors: Ebisuno Shoichi , Kohjimoto Yasuo , Nishikawa Toru , Nishihata Masaya , Inagaki Takeshi , Komura Takahiro , Ohkawa Tadashi 
Published: July 2007

Background: Several reports in the 1970s suggested that etidronate disodium might be clinically useful to prevent calcium stones, but the use of etidronate in the urolithiasis field was discontinued due to adverse effects of this drug on skeletal turnover and mineralization. Because the drug might affect not only crystallization, but also crystal‐tubular interactions, we investigated the minimum dose of etidronate necessary to effectively prevent stone recurrence without adverse side effects. Methods: We examined the effect of etidronate on the crystallization of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and magnesium ammonium phosphate using synthetic urine and measured by an aggregometer. We also studied its effect on the adhesion of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals to Madin‐Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells in vitro. Results: Etidronate affected the crystallization of not only calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate, but also magnesium ammonium phosphate in synthetic urine. The inhibitory activities on these crystallizations were detected at extremely low drug concentrations. Etidronate also had a strong inhibitory activity against the adhesion of calcium oxalate crystals to MDCK cells. Conclusion: Although further studies are necessary regarding the effects of etidronate on crystallization and crystal adhesion both in vivo and in vitro, and the appropriate schedule of dosing to prevent side effects, it is possible that etidronate may be useful in the treatment of urinary stones.
Preliminary Results of Bladder Preservation by Concurrent lntraarterial Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy for Muscle‐Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Sumiyoshi Yoshiteru , Hashine Katsuyoshi , Karashima Takashi , Kasahara Kotaro , Inoue Yoshio 
Published: July 2007

Background: We previously reported favorable results of intraarterial doxorubicin chemotherapy in combination with low‐dose radiotherapy for locally‐advanced bladder cancer. We have now designed a new intraarterial chemotherapy regimen to achieve a higher tumor response rate while preserving a functional bladder. Methods: Twenty‐one patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (T2, lO; T3,7; T4,4) were treated with concurrent intraarterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy after an initial complete transurethral resection. Induction therapy consisted of concomitant pirarubicin (THP; 15 mg/m2/day on days 1 to 3), cisplatin (CDDP; 25 mg/m2/day on days 8 to 10) and irradiation (2 Gy/session on days 1 to 3 and 8 to 10). Maintenance treatment consisted of THP administered at 20 or 30 mg with or without 50 mg CDDP every month for 2 years. Results: Nineteen of the 21 patients (90.5|X%) achieved a complete response (CR). One of these 19 relapsed with lung metastases 24 months after treatment and was treated surgically. The 2 patients who did not achieve a CR died of cancer, while the remaining 19 patients are alive with preservation of a functional bladder. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a higher tumor response rate with bladder preservation for patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer is achieved by intraarterial THP/CDDP chemotherapy plus radiotherapy.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Gottschalk A. W. 
Published: July 2007

Book reviews in this article: LABOUR AND THE LAW Hamlyn Lectures No. 24 Otto Kahn‐Freund PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT LAW by F. W. Rose MANAGEMENT BY AGREEMENT by W. E. J. McCarthy and D. Ellis STRAIGHT JACKET OR FRAMEWORK: The implications for management of the Industrial Relations Act by E. G. A. Armstrong INCOMES POLICY, EQUITY AND PAY INCREASE DIFFERENTIALS by Hilde Behrend INCOMES POLICY AND CAPITAL SHARING IN EUROPE by Derek Robinson PAY, PRODUCTIVITY AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING by Robert B. McKersie and Laurence C. Hunter GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRY IN BRITAIN: THE FEDERATION OF BRITISH INDUSTRIES IN POLITICS, 1945–65 by Stephen Bland WHITE COLLAR UNIONS—A REVIEW Institute of Personnel Management WHITE COLLAR UNIONISM IN BRITAIN: A SURVEY OF THE PRESENT POSITION by Roger Lumley PARTICIPATION IN INDUSTRY by C. Balfour THE APPLICABILITY OF ORGANIZATIONAL SOCIOLOGY by Chris Argyris WORKING FOR FORD by H. Beynon REDUNDANCY AND PATERNALIST CAPITALISM: A STUDY IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF WORK by Roderick Martin and R. H. Fryer
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Mackie Karl 
Published: July 2007

NIGHT WORK: by J. Carpentier and P. Cazamian INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS–ATEXT BOOK: by M. P. Jackson RULE‐MAKING AND INDUSTRIAL PEACE: INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS IN THE FOOTWEAR INDUSTRY; by J. F. B. Goodman, E.GA. Armstrong, J. E. Davis and A. Wagner GRIEVANCE ARBITRATION: A PRACTICAL GUIDE: International Labour Office THE SHIPPING INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM: by J. McConville The Development of Industrial Relation Systems: Some Implications of Japanese experience.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Mackie Karl 
Published: July 2007

THE SOCIAL ORGANISATION OF STRIKES: by Eric Batstone, Ian Boraston and Stephen Frenkel EXECUTIVE EASE AND DISEASE: by Dr. Beric Wright THE INDUSTRIAL TRIBUNALS HANDBOOK: by Bowes Egan TRADE UNIONISM UNDER COLLECTIVE BARGAINING: A Theroy based on comparisons of six countries: by H. A. Clegg INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRACY IN WESTERN EUROPE: A North American perspective PERSONNEL AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS: A MANAGERIAL APPROACH: J. B. Miner and M. G. Miner POLICY ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY PERSONNEL AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS: M. G. Miner end J. B. Miner “PENSIONS AND INDUSTflIAL RELATIONS”: Harry Lucas
BOOK REVIEWS & NOTES
Authors: Mackie Karl 
Published: July 2007

FINANCING STRIKERS John Gennard INDUSTRY AND LABOUR: Class Struggle at Work and Monopoly Captalism Andrew L Friedman THE INEQUALITY OF PAY Henry Phelps‐Brown THE PSYCHOANALYSIS OF ORGANISATIONS Robert De Board PROPHECY AND PROGRESS: THE SOCIOLOGY OF INDUSTRIAL AND POST‐INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY Krishan Kumar COMMON SENSE INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS Dennis D Hunt