bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F-FDG PET/CT and radiolabeled leukocyte SPECT/CT imaging for the evaluation of cardiovascular infection in the multimodality context: ASNC Imaging Indications (ASNC I2) Series Expert Consensus Recommendations from ASNC, AATS, ACC, AHA, ASE, EANM, HRS, IDSA, SCCT, SNMMI, and STS
Authors: Bourque Jamieson M , Birgersdotter-Green Ulrika , Bravo Paco E , Budde Ricardo P J , Chen Wengen , Chu Vivian H , Dilsizian Vasken , Erba Paola Anna , Gallegos Kattan Cesia , Habib Gilbert , Hyafil Fabien , Khor Yiu Ming , Manlucu Jaimie , Mason Pamela Kay , Miller Edward J , Moon Marc R , Parker Matthew W , Pettersson Gosta , Schaller Robert D , Slart Riemer H J A , Strom Jordan B , Wilkoff Bruce L , Williams Adam , Woolley Ann E , Zwischenberger Brittany A , Dorbala Sharmila 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This document on cardiovascular infection, including infective endocarditis, is the first in the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology Imaging Indications (ASNC I2) series to assess the role of radionuclide imaging in the multimodality context for the evaluation of complex systemic diseases with multi-societal involvement including pertinent disciplines. A rigorous modified Delphi approach was used to determine consensus clinical indications, diagnostic criteria, and an algorithmic approach to diagnosis of cardiovascular infection including infective endocarditis. Cardiovascular infection incidence is increasing and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Current strategies based on clinical criteria and an initial echocardiographic imaging approach are effective but often insufficient in complicated cardiovascular infection. Radionuclide imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and single photon emission computed tomography/CT leukocyte scintigraphy can enhance the evaluation of suspected cardiovascular infection by increasing diagnostic accuracy, identifying extracardiac involvement, and assessing cardiac implanted device pockets, leads, and all portions of ventricular assist devices. This advanced imaging can aid in key medical and surgical considerations. Consensus diagnostic features include focal/multi-focal or diffuse heterogenous intense 18F-FDG uptake on valvular and prosthetic material, perivalvular areas, device pockets and leads, and ventricular assist device hardware persisting on non-attenuation corrected images. There are numerous clinical indications with a larger role in prosthetic valves, and cardiac devices particularly with possible infective endocarditis or in the setting of prior equivocal or non-diagnostic imaging. Illustrative cases incorporating these consensus recommendations provide additional clarification. Future research is necessary to refine application of these advanced imaging tools for surgical planning, to identify treatment response, and more.
Effectiveness of the 2023–2024 Formulation of the COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccine
Authors: Shrestha Nabin K , Burke Patrick C , Nowacki Amy S , Gordon Steven M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the 2023–2024 formulation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA vaccine protects against COVID-19.

Methods
Cleveland Clinic employees when the 2023–2024 formulation of the COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccine became available to employees were included. Cumulative incidence of COVID-19 over the following 17 weeks was examined prospectively. Protection provided by vaccination (analyzed as a time-dependent covariate) was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression, with time-dependent coefficients used to separate effects before and after the JN.1 lineage became dominant. The analysis was adjusted for the propensity to get tested, age, sex, pandemic phase when the last prior COVID-19 episode occurred, and the number of prior vaccine doses.

Results
Among 48 210 employees, COVID-19 occurred in 2462 (5.1%) during the 17 weeks of observation. In multivariable analysis, the 2023–2024 formula vaccinated state was associated with a significantly lower risk of COVID-19 before the JN.1 lineage became dominant (hazard ratio = .58; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .49–.68; P &lt; .001), and lower risk but one that did not reach statistical significance after (hazard ratio = .81; 95% CI = .65–1.01; P = .06). Estimated vaccine effectiveness was 42% (95% CI = 32–51) before the JN.1 lineage became dominant, and 19% (95% CI = −1–35) after. Risk of COVID-19 was lower among those previously infected with an XBB or more recent lineage and increased with the number of vaccine doses previously received.

Conclusions
The 2023–2024 formula COVID-19 vaccine given to working-aged adults afforded modest protection overall against COVID-19 before the JN.1 lineage became dominant, and less protection after.
Empowering left-behind places in Southwest China: participation in coffee value chains as place-based development
Authors: Qian Junxi , Zeng Yuan , Tang Xueqiong , Hu Xiaohui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Geographical scholarship has advocated the importance of endogenous and place-sensitive development to levelling up left-behind places, by means of reactivating untapped potentials and recuperating a sense of belonging. Drawing on the approaches of global value chain (GVC), and to a lesser extent, global production network (GPN), this paper rethinks how GVC/GPN participation articulates with endogenous assets and enhances local actors’ capacities to achieve economic and social upgrading. We present a case study of the coffee economy in Lujiang Township, Yunnan Province, China. We find that local villagers are able to tap into opportunities of learning and upgrading, but these processes are mediated by institutions and moral economies. Ultimately, economic empowerment translates into the revival of a sense of belonging.
Social play in African savannah elephants may inform selection against aggression
Authors: Norscia Ivan , Hecker Martin , Caselli Marta , Collarini Edoardo , Gallego Aldama Beatriz , Borragán Santos Santiago , Cordoni Giada 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In social groups, competition for individual advantage is balanced with cooperation, for the collective benefit. Selection against aggression has favored cooperation and non-aggressive competitive strategies. Because social play is a behavioral system that fluctuates between cooperation and competition, selection against aggression might have especially influenced this behavior. African savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) are a low aggressive species, therefore suitable to investigate this aspect. We collected all occurrences observational audio-video data on social play, aggression/threats, and affiliation on an African elephant colony housed in a 25-ha open space at Parque de la Naturaleza de Cabarceno (Cantabria, Spain) and composed of 4 family groups (3 immature males, 3 immature females, and 7 adult females) and 2 adult males. Anticipating the influence of reduced aggression, we found that social play decreased with age, persisting in adults, and that it was highest in males. Social play was associated with affiliation (informing cooperation). Indeed, individuals that were central in the social play network were also central in the affiliation network. For immature subjects, we found a correlation between social play and affiliation sociomatrices. However, such correlation was absent in adults and social play mostly occurred between families. Despite the limitations related to dealing with a small captive group, this study largely supports the idea that the features of social play in African savannah elephants may be related to low aggression. This investigation hints toward a non-purely cooperative use of play, possibly as a non-aggressive interaction that accommodates different levels of cooperation and competition.
Spatial Single Cell Profiling Using Imaging Mass Cytometry: Inflammatory Versus Penetrating Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Lehmann Malte , Weixler Benjamin , Elezkurtaj Sefer , Loddenkemper Christopher ,   TRR241 IBDome Consortium, Atreya Imke , Atreya Raja , Bacher Petra , Becker Christoph , Bojarski Christian , Britzen-Laurent Nathalie , Bosch-Voskens Caroline , Chang Hyun-Dong , Diefenbach Andreas , Günther Claudia , Hegazy Ahmed N , Hildner Kai , Klose Christoph S N , Koop Kristina , Krug Susanne , Kühl Anja A , Leppkes Moritz , López-Posadas Rocío , Ludwig Leif S H , Neufert Clemens , Neurath Markus , Patankar Jay , Prüß Magdalena , Radbruch Andreas , Romagnani Chiara , Ronchi Francesca , Sanders Ashley , Scheffold Alexander , Schulzke Jörg-Dieter , Schumann Michael , Schürmann Sebastian , Siegmund Britta , Stürzl Michael , Trajanoski Zlatko , Triantafyllopoulou Antigoni , Waldner Maximilian , Weidinger Carl , Wirtz Stefan , Zundler Sebastian , Kühl Anja A , Siegmund Britta 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Fistula formation is a major complication in Crohn’s disease [CD] and the role of the immune cell compartment remains to be elucidated. Thus, we compared the immune cell compartment of CD fistula to inflammatory CD colitis using imaging mass cytometry [IMC] and immunofluorescence.

Methods
A 36-marker panel including structural, functional, and lineage markers for use in IMC was established. This panel was applied to analyse paraffin-embedded CD fistula tract [n = 11], CD colitis [n = 10], and colon samples from non-inflamed controls [n = 12]. Computational methods for cell segmentation, dimensionality reduction, and cell type clustering were used to define cell populations for cell frequency, marker distribution, and spatial neighbourhood analysis. Multiplex immunofluorescence was used for higher resolution spatial analysis.

Results
Analysis of cell frequencies in CD fistulas compared to CD colitis and control colonic samples revealed a significant increase in neutrophils, effector cytotoxic T cells, and inflammatory macrophages in CD fistula samples, whereas regulatory T cells were decreased. Neutrophils in CD fistula expressed significantly more matrix metalloproteinase 9 [MMP9], correlating with extracellular matrix remodelling. Neighbourhood analysis revealed a strong association between MMP9+ neutrophils and effector cytotoxic T cells in both CD fistulas and colitis.

Conclusions
This study presents the first highly multiplexed single cell analysis of the immune cell compartment of CD fistulas and their spatial context. It links immune cell dynamics, particularly MMP9+ neutrophils, to extracellular matrix remodelling in CD fistulas, offering insights into the complex network of cellular interactions and potential therapeutic targets for CD complications.
The transatlantic divide: intermediary liability, free expression, and the limits of trade harmonization
Authors: Liu Han-Wei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Amid escalating apprehensions surrounding content regulation, the USA has discreetly integrated provisions reminiscent of its Communications Decency Act Section 230 (CDA 230) into trade agreements, offering broad immunity. This scholarly analysis critically assesses this manoeuvre by juxtaposing such CDA 230-like provisions against the UK’s established legal framework governing online content and freedom of expression. Utilizing a comparative legal methodology, the paper underscores the pronounced differences between the USA and UK stances on intermediary liability for third-party content, moulded by their unique constitutional foundations and jurisprudential interpretations of free speech rights. The insertion of CDA 230-aligned clauses into trade agreements poses a potential threat to the UK’s nuanced equilibrium between safeguarding free speech and upholding other paramount interests, such as privacy and reputation. An scrutiny of UK defamation statutes and content regulation protocols reveals inherent challenges in transplanting CDA 230 provisions into trade contexts. In summation, the paper ardently supports a diversified approach to online content governance and cautions against standardizing intermediary liability laws via trade agreements, especially between nations with divergent foundational beliefs. It fervently endorses a cross-disciplinary discourse involving both trade and legal specialists to ensure the preservation of free expression while concurrently recognizing the intricacies of crafting universally applicable standards for online platforms and content regulation.
Biology, distribution and conservation of a dwarf-group crayfish, Euastacus spinichelatus Morgan, 1997 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae), a freshwater crayfish from the Great Dividing Range, New South Wales, Australia
Authors: McCormack Robert B , Whiterod Nick S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present the outcomes of two conservation initiatives, namely ‘The Australian Crayfish’ and ‘Saving the Spinys’ projects, which have substantially contributed to enhancing our understanding of E. spinichelatus concerning its distribution, habitat, biology, and conservation status. We extend the range of E. spinichelatus to encompass the headwater reaches of the Namoi River within the Murray-Darling Basin. The use of molecular taxonomy analyses identified divergent lineages that acted to remove the southeastern tributaries of the Hastings River and the most western tributary of the Manning River from the range of E. spinichelatus. The species has suffered significant population declines in recent years, with it appearing to be highly susceptible to anthropogenic changes, drought and/or high-severity bushfires. Results advocate for the classification of E. spinichelatus as an endangered species, recognizing its distinctive ecological niche and its status as a climate refugee, aiming to protect this rare species from anthropogenic and climate-related challenges. We also present a taxonomic key differentiating E. spinichelatus from other members of Parastacidae in the region.
Quasi-2D inversion of surface large fixed-loop transient electromagnetic sounding data
Authors: Li Feng-Ping , Yue Jian-Hua , Yang Hai-Yan , Wu Yun , Liu Zhi-Xin , Jiang Zhi-Hai 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In many cases, 1D inversion is still an important step in transient electromagnetic data processing. Potential issues may arise in the calculation of apparent resistivity using induced electromotive force (EMF) due to overshoot and the presence of multi-valued functions. Obtaining reliable and consistent inversion results using a uniform half-space as the initial model is challenging, especially when aiming for efficient inversion. Focusing on these problems, we use the land-based transient electromagnetic (TEM) sounding data, which was acquired by using a large fixed-loop transmitter, and adopt a quasi-2D inversion scheme to generate improved images of the subsurface resistivity structure. First, we have considered directly using magnetic field data or converting induced EMF into magnetic field, and then calculating the apparent resistivity over the whole zone. Next, a resistivity profile that varies with depth is obtained through fast smoke ring imaging. This profile serves as the initial model for the subsequent optimal inversion. The inversion scheme uses a nonlinear least-squares method, incorporating lateral and vertical constraints, to produce a quasi-2D subsurface image. The potentiality of the proposed methodology has been exemplified through the interpretation of synthetic data derived from a 3D intricate resistivity model, as well as field data obtained from a TEM survey conducted in a coalmine field. In both cases, the inversion process yields quasi-2D subsurface images that exhibit a reasonable level of accuracy. These images appear to be less moulded by 3D effects and demonstrate a satisfactory level of agreement with the known target area.
Improving medication adherence in glaucoma patients: a randomized controlled interventional study
Authors: Barakat Noor A , AlGhanem Rama , Abdulrazeq Bashar , AlKhatib Hatim S , AlRyalat Saif Aldeen , Muhsen Sana’ , AlMuhaissen Suha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The main objective of our study was to assess the adherence of Jordanian patients to their glaucoma treatment after a brief educational session.

Methods
The current study was a randomized controlled interventional study. One hundred and ninety open-angle glaucoma patients were divided into control and intervention groups. After baseline assessment, patients in the intervention group received an educational session about glaucoma, while patients in the control group only received the usual care. Adherence to medication, eye drop administration technique, and knowledge about glaucoma were assessed at baseline and at follow-up.

Key findings
The mean MGL adherence scale score baseline value was 0.67 and significantly improved to 0.4 at the follow-up (P-value = .039) for patients in the intervention group. Multivariate regression showed that having less than three kids and experiencing glaucoma medication side effects were negatively correlated with adherence to glaucoma eye drops. The mean Eye Drops Administration scale score for patients in the intervention group improved significantly from 6.25 at baseline to 7.7 at the follow-up (P-value &lt; .001). The mean knowledge scale score for the intervention group patients at baseline was 8.8, which significantly increased to 10 at the follow-up (P-value &lt; .001). The knowledge score was found to be significantly higher for younger patients, those who have higher education levels and health care-related education, patients who rely on the ophthalmologist for glaucoma, and patients with a longer duration glaucoma.

Conclusions
A short educational session improves patients’ adherence, knowledge, and eye drop administration technique in the intervention group significantly. Patients in Jordan have a relatively high adherence to glaucoma medications. Educational sessions should be provided to glaucoma patients to help the patients in managing their condition.
Utility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal PCR Testing in Pediatric Patients With Suspected Respiratory Infections
Authors: Baker Brooke , Hung Frances , Smith Michael J , Erkanli Alaattin , Greenhill Katherine , Hayes Jillian , Parish Alice , Zhou Grace , Moorthy Ganga S , Deri Connor R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Observational studies in adults suggest nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) swabs have a high negative predictive value (NPV) for ruling out MRSA pneumonia, however, pediatric data are limited. This retrospective study of 505 pediatric patients found a 99.8% NPV among children with suspected respiratory infections.
Presence of anti-RBC antibodies correlates with parasitaemia and once-infected RBCs but not the extent of post-malaria haemolysis
Authors: Tober-Lau Pinkus , Kneller Anna K , Lingscheid Tilman , Mayer Beate , Zoller Thomas , Kurth Florian 
Published: March 2024

Highlights
In a cohort of patients treated with oral artemisinin combination therapy for uncomplicated malaria, the presence of anti-red blood cell (RBC) auto-antibodies does not correlate with the extent of post-treatment haemolysis. Patients with positive antibody screening test on d14 had higher initial parasitaemia and a higher number of once-infected RBCs throughout follow-up.
Drought decreases cotton fiber strength by altering sucrose flow route
Authors: Zhu Honghai , Hu Wei , Li Yuxia , Zou Jie , He Jiaqi , Wang Youhua , Meng Yali , Chen Binglin , Zhao Wenqing , Wang Shanshan , Zhou Zhiguo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The potential mechanisms by which drought restricts cotton fiber cell wall synthesis and fiber strength are still not fully understood. Herein, drought experiments were conducted using two cultivars of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Dexiamian 1 (drought-tolerant) and Yuzaomian 9110 (drought-sensitive). Results showed that drought notably reduced sucrose efflux from cottonseed coats to fibers by down-regulating the expression of GhSWEET10 and GhSWEET15 in outer cottonseed coats, leading to enhanced sucrose accumulation in cottonseed coats but decreased sucrose accumulation in fibers. Within cotton fibers, drought restricted the hydrolysis of sucrose to uridine-5ʹ-diphosphoglucose by suppressing sucrose synthase activity, and drought favored the conversion of uridine-5ʹ-diphosphoglucose to β-1,3-glucan rather than cellulose by up-regulating GhCALS5. Hence, cellulose content was reduced, which was the main reason for the decreased fiber strength under drought. Moreover, drought promoted lignin synthesis by up-regulating the expression of Gh4CL4, GhPAL9, GhCCR5, GhCAD11, and GhCOMT6, which partly offset the negative influence of reduced cellulose content on fiber strength. Compared with Yuzaomian 9110, the drought-tolerance of Dexiamian 1 was evidenced by the following under drought conditions: (i) greater sucrose flow from seedcoat to fiber, (ii) less β-1,3-glucan accumulation, and (iii) more lignin biosynthesis. Overall, this study provides new insights into the mechanism of reduced cotton fiber strength induced by drought.
Up-regulation of non-photochemical quenching improves water use efficiency and reduces whole-plant water consumption under drought in Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Turc Benjamin , Sahay Seema , Haupt Jared , de Oliveira Santos Talles , Bai Geng , Glowacka Katarzyna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Water supply limitations will likely impose increasing restrictions on future crop production, underlining a need for crops that use less water per mass of yield. Water use efficiency (WUE) therefore becomes a key consideration in developing resilient and productive crops. In this study, we hypothesized that it is possible to improve WUE under drought conditions via modulation of chloroplast signals for stomatal opening by up-regulation of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Nicotiana tabacum plants with strong overexpression of the PsbS gene encoding PHOTOSYSTEM II SUBUNIT S, a key protein in NPQ, were grown under differing levels of drought. The PsbS-overexpressing lines lost 11% less water per unit CO2 fixed under drought and this did not have a significant effect on plant size. Depending on growth conditions, the PsbS-overexpressing lines consumed from 4–30% less water at the whole-plant level than the corresponding wild type. Leaf water and chlorophyll contents showed a positive relation with the level of NPQ. This study therefore provides proof of concept that up-regulation of NPQ can increase WUE, and as such is an important step towards future engineering of crops with improved performance under drought.