bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stressful experiences in relation to depth of sedation in mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Samuelson Karin AM , Lundberg Dag , Fridlund Bengt 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn mechanically ventilated patients, sedatives and analgesics are commonly used to ensure comfort, but there is no documented knowledge about the impact of depth of sedation on patients’ perception of discomfort. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the relationship between stressful experiences and intensive care sedation, including the depth of sedation. During 18 months, 313 intubated mechanically ventilated adults admitted to two general intensive care units (ICU) for more than 24 h were included. Patients (n= 250) were interviewed on the general ward 5 days after ICU discharge using the ICU Stressful Experiences Questionnaire. Patient data including sedation scores as measured by the Motor Activity Assessment Scale (MAAS) were collected from hospital records after the interview. Of the 206 patients with memories of the intensive care, 82% remembered at least one experience as quite a bit or extremely bothersome. Multivariate analyses showed that higher proportion of MAAS score 3 (indicating more periods of wakefulness), longer ICU stay and being admitted emergent were factors associated with remembering stressful experiences of the ICU as more bothersome. The findings indicate that the depth of sedation has an impact on patients’ perception of stressful experiences and that light sedation compared with heavy seems to increase the risk of perceiving experiences in the ICU as more bothersome. In reducing discomfort, depth of sedation and patient comfort should be assessed regularly, non‐pharmacological interventions taken into account and the use of sedatives and analgesics adapted to the individual requirements of the patient.
Nurses’ and physicians’ viewpoints regarding children visiting/not visiting adult ICUs
Authors: Knutsson Susanne , Bergbom Ingegerd 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAllowing children to visit adult intensive care units (ICUs) has been an area of controversy. There is a lack of recent research dealing with visits by children and physicians’ views and whether differences exist between the views held by nurses and physicians regarding visits by children. The aim of this study was to describe and compare reasons given by nurses and physicians for restricting visits by children to a relative hospitalized in an adult ICU. This was a quantitative, descriptive multicentre study. Nurses and physicians (n= 291) at 72 general adult ICUs participated, each completing a questionnaire. A majority of the nurses and physicians were positive to children visiting patients in ICU, but they also imposed restrictions. The most common reasons were: severity of the patient’s injury (50%); the environment was frightening for the child (50%); the infection risk for the child (36%) and the patient (56%). Children <7 years were restricted more than those >7 years. Nurses were more positive than physicians to visits by younger children. Physicians were more positive to visits if the patient was tired and critically ill/injured or was a friend/cousin. More physicians refused visits due to the fact that children are too noisy for the staff. Risks of negative effects on the children’s health by visiting patients were also stated. Nurses and physicians still restrict children’s visits to adult ICUs for a number of reasons, and nurses’ and physicians’ views on children visiting differ and so also the views within each professional group. The differences in views show that the dynamics are complicated and this could be attributed to a lack of a common view of care, which prevents family‐centred care that includes children from being practised.
Ecological consequences of shelter sharing by leaf‐tying caterpillars
Authors: Lill John T. , Marquis Robert J. , Walker Melissa A. , Peterson Lauren 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA wide variety of insect herbivores construct and inhabit leaf shelters (ties, rolls, folds, and webs). Shelter construction can lead to a high rate of secondary occupation by other arthropods, including other species of constructors. The consequences for the inhabitants of secondarily occupying these shelters are currently unknown. In this study, we conducted field experiments to examine the fitness consequences (survival and attack by natural enemies) for caterpillars that (i) occupy a shelter with conspecifics vs. occur singly; and (ii) establish a new shelter vs. colonize a pre‐existing one. In addition, we conducted factorial laboratory experiments to test the hypothesis that caterpillars sharing shelters with conspecifics might have reduced construction costs (a potential benefit of shelter‐sharing or secondary occupation). Larvae of Psilocorsis quercicella Clemens (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) placed in white oak [Quercus alba L. (Fagaceae)] leaf ties alone or in groups of three had equal likelihood of survival from natural enemies. This same caterpillar species, however, had a higher disappearance rate when placed in pre‐existing leaf ties than when placed in newly formed ones, suggesting a potential cost of secondary colonization. A similar experiment with a closely related species [Psilocorsis cryptolechiella (Chambers)], however, failed to detect a cost of secondarily occupying shelters made on beech, Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. (Fagaceae). In the laboratory experiment, we found no evidence of shelter‐sharing benefits; rather larvae reared in shelters in groups of three had lower pupal mass (and thus lower potential fecundity) than larvae reared singly, suggesting a cost of shelter sharing. Moreover, groups of larvae forced to repeatedly construct new shelters tended to have reduced survival relative to the other treatment, suggesting that energetic constraints are more likely to reduce fitness when larvae cohabit shelters. Taken together, these results indicate that the common phenomenon of shelter sharing by leaf‐tying caterpillars has either neutral or negative effects for the occupants. The fact that these leaf‐tying caterpillars actually share shelters may simply reflect limited availability of oviposition sites.
Kaolin particle film associated with increased cotton aphid infestations in cotton
Authors: Showler Allan T. , Armstrong John S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHighly reflective white kaolin‐based particle film was sprayed on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae), plots in south Texas during 2004 and 2005 to observe its effect on the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae). Populations of cotton aphids on the ventral surfaces of leaves in the kaolin‐treated plots were greater than in non‐treated control plots during both years. Alate cotton aphids were attracted less to white than to other pan trap colors, and parasitism by Lysiphlebus spec. (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) was either unaffected or greater in the kaolin‐treated plots, hence these two factors (color and parasitism) do not explain the increased infestations in the treated plots. However, mean temperatures on the ventral surfaces of kaolin‐treated cotton leaves were cooler than those of control leaves. The observed temperature difference where cotton aphids reside on cotton leaves is a potential reason for the greater infestations in the kaolin treatment plots. Our study demonstrates that applications of kaolin can exacerbate a pest infestation in cotton.
Expression of apoptotic, cell proliferation regulatory, and structural proteins in actinic keratosis and their association with dermal elastosis
Authors: Da Silva Tarcília Aparecida , Coelho Getúlio , Lorenzetti Bocca Anamélia , Figueiredo Cavalcante Neto Florêncio 
Published: March 2007

Background:  Actinic keratosis (AK) is a premalignant lesion caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation and characterized by epithelial and connective tissue alterations. However, little is known about the link between connective and UV‐damaged epithelial tissues in AK.Objective and Methods:  To examine the potential relationship between connective tissue degeneration and molecular alterations in epithelial cells without evident morphologic changes, 30 cases of AK (8, grade I; 10, grade II; 12, grade III), divided into three grades according to the proportion of dermal elastosis (in grade I, up to 30% of collagen degeneration; in grade II, 30–60%; in grade III, more than 60%), were immunohistochemically analyzed for the expression of Ki67, p53, p63, bcl‐2, E‐cadherin, 34‐betaE12, and CD99.Results:  The increase in the solar elastosis grade was associated with an increase in positive cell numbers for all analyzed markers. Basal expression predominated in the lesions with low and moderate levels of connective tissue degeneration, while a basal and suprabasal expression pattern was prevalent in the lesions with high degeneration. In grade I and II lesions, proliferation marker, Ki67, expression was found to be significantly associated with the proapoptotic marker p53, while in grade III lesions, its expression was correlated with the anti‐apoptotic marker, bcl‐2.Conclusions:  These results demonstrate that the epithelial expression of apoptotic, cell proliferation, and structural proteins is augmented with the increase of the solar elastosis grade. Thus, the grade of solar elastosis could be a helpful morphologic marker in the assessment of neoplastic changes in sun‐damaged skin.
FSR 1735 — a new globular cluster candidate in the inner Galaxy
Authors: Froebrich D. , Meusinger H. , Scholz A. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
We carry out a large program to classify newly discovered star clusters from Froebrich, Scholz & Raftery in the inner Galaxy. Here, we present a first analysis of a new high-priority globular cluster candidate, FSR 1735 at l = 339.1879; b = −1.8534, based on new deep, near-infrared observations from Sofi at the ESO New Technology Telescope (NTT). A significant peak in the K-band luminosity function is found, which is interpreted as the clump of post-He-flash stars. The distance and the reddening of the cluster are determined to 9.1 kpc and AK = 0.5 mag, respectively, the metallicity is estimated to be [M/H] = −0.8. Radial star density profiles are used to measure the core radius and the tidal radius of the cluster. The lack of signs for ongoing star formation and the position in the Galaxy pose strong arguments against the interpretation of this object as a young or old open cluster. All the observational evidence is in agreement with the interpretation that FSR 1735 is a so far unknown globular cluster in the inner Galaxy.
NEOGENE TECTONIC HISTORY OF THE SUB‐BIBANIC AND M'SILA BASINS, NORTHERN ALGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL
Authors: Kheidri H. L. , Zazoun R. S. , Sabaou N. 
Published: March 2007

The southern Bibans region in northern Algeria is located in the external zone of the Tell fold‐and‐thrust belt. Field observations in this area together with seismic data integrated with previous studies provide evidence for a number of Tertiary deformation phases. Late Eocene Atlassic deformation was followed by Oligocene (?)‐Aquitanian‐Burdigalian compression, which was associated with the development of a foreland basin in front of a southerly‐propagating thrust system. Gravity‐driven emplacement of the Tellian nappes over the basin margin probably occurred during the Langhian‐Serravallian‐Tortonian. The Hodna Mountains structural culmination developed during the Miocene‐Pliocene. Analysis of brittle structures points to continued north‐south shortening during the Neogene, consistent with convergence between the African and Eurasian Plates.The unconformably underlying Mesozoic‐Cenozoic autochthonous sequence in this area contains two potential source rock intervals: Cenomanian‐Turonian and Eocene. Reservoir rocks include Lower Cretaceous siliciclastics and Upper Cretaceous to Palaeogene carbonates. Structural style has controlled trap types. Thus traps in the Tell fold‐and‐thrust belt are associated with folds, whereas structural traps in the Hodna area are associated with reactivated normal faults. In the latter area, there is also some evidence for base‐Miocene stratigraphic traps.
Taxonomic study of the genus Trichopteryx Hübner (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Korea
Authors: CHOI Sei‐Woong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe larentiine genus Trichopteryx Hübner in Korea is reviewed. Nine species, including one newly recorded species, T. misera (Butler), are recognized. Diagnostic characters of each species with photographs of adults and genitalia are provided. A key to the Korean species is also given.
NONLINEAR TE SURFACE WAVES IN A LEFT-HANDED MATERIAL AND SUPER LATTICES WAVE-GUIDE STRUCTURE
Authors: MOUSA H. M. , SHABAT M. M. 
Published: March 2007

The paper is concerned with the propagation characteristics of TE surface waves in a planar wave-guide structure of a lateral antiferromagnetic-non magnetic super lattices (LANS) film bounded by a nonlinear dielectric cover and a left-handed substrate (LHM). In LHM substrate both permittivity and magnetic permeability are negative in definite frequency range. We study nonlinear dispersion properties of the TE surface waves and illustrate the power flow variation with the wave index in three different cases, i.e., when both permittivity and magnetic permeability are negative, when permittivity is negative and permeability is positive, and when both permittivity and magnetic permeability are positive. In the first case, we found that surface waves are backward traveling and the wave power variation with the wave index shows bistability behavior. We also found that by increasing the film thickness the waves turn from forward to backward traveling in the second case. In the third case, surface waves are always forward traveling.
Simultaneous Measurement of Condensation and Thermal Accommodation Coefficients for Cloud Droplet Growth in Due Consideration of a New Moving Surface-Boundary Effect
Authors: Fukuta Norihiko , Myers Marcus N. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A droplet growth theory that describes a new effect of vapor and temperature field shift due to the growth-based movement of droplet surface boundary (moving boundary effect) was derived and found to enhance the growth rate as a function of supersaturation (S − 1) and droplet radius (a) in second order. The theory plays the role of a missing link and resolves the gap that exists among the measured data; the high (S − 1) used was found to overestimate thermal accommodation and condensation coefficients, α and β. The theory provided the basis for bettering the measurement and correction for data analyzed without the moving boundary effect, and suggested the broadening effect in the droplet size spectrum by accelerating the growth on the larger end together with the growth slowdown effect of α, β on the smaller.
Measurements employing a horizontal-flow thermal diffusion chamber and the Mie scattering method using a He–Ne laser for droplet size estimation at temperature T = 277 K, (S − 1) = 0.32%, a ≈ 2 μm under two pressures of modulation, p = 100 and 860 hPa, with correction of the moving boundary effect for nuclei of NaCl and (NH4)2SO4, resulted in the simultaneous determination of α = 0.81 ± 0.07 and β = 0.043 ± 0.016 on average. For paper smoke, α = 0.68 and β = 0.022. Comparison with other data of the low moving boundary effect suggests a slight β increase with temperature lowering. Based on the result of the present measurement and other theoretical and experimental works, the mechanism of β being much smaller than α was suggested mostly as a kinetic process controlled by the removal rate of the released latent heat at the moment of molecular impact on the surface and vice versa for evaporation.
A cross-cultural comparison of perceptions and uses of mobile telephony
Authors: Campbell Scott W. 
Published: March 2007

Drawing from the theoretical orientation of apparatgeist, this article explores the cultural similarities and differences in perceptions and uses of mobile telephony. A sample of college students from Hawaii, Japan, Sweden,Taiwan and the US mainland was surveyed to assess: (1) perceptions of the mobile phone as fashion; (2) attitudes about mobile phone use in public settings; (3) use of the mobile phone for safety/security; (4) use of the mobile phone for instrumental purposes; and (5) use of the mobile phone for expressive purposes.The results indicate some differences and several similarities among the cultural groupings and help to lay the groundwork for future research and theory-building.
Alanine to Serine Polymorphism at Position 986 of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor Associated with Coronary Heart Disease, Myocardial Infarction, All-Cause, and Cardiovascular Mortality
Authors: März Winfried , Seelhorst Ursula , Wellnitz Britta , Tiran Beate , Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara , Renner Wilfried , Boehm Bernhard O. , Ritz Eberhard , Hoffmann Michael M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground: Disorders of calcium homeostasis have been implicated in atherosclerosis. The calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) is crucial to the regulation of calcium metabolism. An alanine (A) to serine (S) polymorphism at codon 986 (A986S) of the CASR gene has been associated with higher calcium and osteoporosis; the association with coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been studied.Methods and Results: We investigated this polymorphism in individuals with CAD (n = 2561), including survivors of myocardial infarction (MI) (n = 1358) compared to 698 controls without angiographic CAD. Compared to AA homozygotes, the prevalence of CAD [multivariate odds ratio 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.54] and previous MI (multivariate odds ratio 1.33; 95% CI 1.06–1.68) was increased in carriers of at least one S-allele. With each S-allele, the prevalence of CAD and MI increased 1.22-fold (95% CI 1.02–1.47) and 1.30-fold (95% CI 1.06–1.60), respectively. Fully adjusted hazard ratios for total and cardiovascular mortality per one S-allele were 1.24 (95% CI 1.05–1.46) and 1.38 (95% CI 1.13–1.67), respectively. In carriers of at least one S-allele, the adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause and cardiovascular death were 1.25 (95% CI 1.04–1.51) and 1.48 (95% CI 1.18–1.86), respectively. These associations were independent of cardiovascular risk factors, calcium and phosphate. The S-allele was associated with higher calcium (P &lt; 0.001) and PTH (P &lt; 0.02), and lower phosphate (P &lt; 0.003) in CAD patients and controls.Conclusion: Serine at position 986 of CASR may be an independent genetic predictor of angiographic CAD, previous MI, and cardiovascular mortality.
Association of Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier 4 (SUMO4) Variant, Located in IDDM5 Locus, with Type 2 Diabetes in the Japanese Population
Authors: Noso Shinsuke , Fujisawa Tomomi , Kawabata Yumiko , Asano Katsuaki , Hiromine Yoshihisa , Fukai Aya , Ogihara Toshio , Ikegami Hiroshi 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Context: Despite distinct differences in the pathogenesis, epidemiological data have indicated familial clustering of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, suggesting a common genetic basis between these two types of diabetes. Few shared susceptibility genes, however, have been reported to date.
Objective: Small ubiquitin-like modifier 4 (SUMO4) has been identified as a candidate gene for the IDDM5 locus and suggested to have possible involvement in immune responses, such as autoimmunity and inflammation. Recent reports demonstrated that a polymorphism with an amino acid substitution (Met55Val) in SUMO4 was associated with type 1 diabetes in Asian populations, although no association was reproduced in subjects of Caucasian descent. The present study aimed to clarify the contribution of SUMO4 to type 2 diabetes susceptibility in the Japanese population.
Subjects: The 753 subjects included 355 cases and 398 control subjects.
Methods: The SUMO4 Met55Val (rs237025) and 001Msp (rs577001) polymorphisms were genotyped.
Results: Strong linkage disequilibrium (D′: 1.0 in each pair of single-nucleotide polymorphisms) across the MAP3K7IP2/SUMO4 region was shown in the Japanese population. The frequency of genotypes with the G allele of the SUMO4 Met55Val polymorphism was significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes [odds ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–1.93; P = 0.01, χ2 test]. The association was concentrated in patients without insulin therapy (odds ratio, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.13–2.15; P = 0.0072), but not in those with insulin (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.81–1.89; not significant).
Conclusions: These data, together with previous reports, suggest the contribution of the SUMO4 Met55Val polymorphism to both type 1 and type 2 diabetes susceptibility in the Japanese population.
Missense Mutations of Dual Oxidase 2 (DUOX2) Implicated in Congenital Hypothyroidism Have Impaired Trafficking in Cells Reconstituted with DUOX2 Maturation Factor
Authors: Grasberger Helmut , De Deken Xavier , Miot Francoise , Pohlenz Joachim , Refetoff Samuel 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2), a reduced NAD phosphate:O2 oxidoreductase flavoprotein, is a component of the thyrocyte H2O2 generator required for hormone synthesis at the apical plasma membrane. We recently identified a specific DUOX2 maturation factor (DUOXA2) that is necessary and sufficient for expression of functional DUOX2 in mammalian cell lines. We have now used a DUOXA2 reconstituted system to provide the first characterization of natural DUOX2 missense variants (Q36H, R376W, D506N) at the molecular level, analyzing their impact on H2O2 generation, trafficking, stability, folding, and DUOXA2 interaction. The Q36H and R376W mutations completely prevent routing of DUOX2 to the cell surface. The mutant proteins are predominantly present as core N-glycosylated, thiol-reduced folding intermediates, which are retained by the quality control system within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as indicated by increased complexation with the lectin calnexin. D506N displays a partial deficiency phenotype with reduced surface expression of a mutant protein with normal intrinsic activity in generating H2O2. D506N N-glycan moieties are not subject to normal modification in the Golgi apparatus, suggesting that nonnative protein can escape the quality control in the ER. Oxidative folding of DUOX2 in the ER appears to be the rate-limiting step in the maturation of DUOX2, but is not facilitated by DUOXA2. Rather, DUOXA2 allows rapid ER exit of folded DUOX2 or enhanced degradation of mutant DUOX2 proteins not competent for ER exit. DUOXA2 may thus be part of a secondary quality control system specific for DUOX2.