bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal annealing effect on phase evolution, physical properties of DC sputtered copper oxide thin films and transport behavior of ITO/CuO/Al Schottky diodes
Authors: Jagadish K. A. , Kekuda Dhananjaya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHerein, we report on the post-annealing temperature effect on the transport behavior of p-CuO/Al Schottky barrier diodes. In addition, the transformation of phase from Cu4O3 to CuO phase was studied. Copper oxide thin films were grown on soda lime glass substrates, and post-annealing temperature's influence on the films’ structural, chemical, morphological, and electrical characteristics was comprehensively examined. X-ray diffraction study revealed the development of polycrystalline tenorite phase (CuO) on annealing. Raman analysis also confirmed the formation of the tenorite phase (CuO) at higher annealing temperatures (400 °C and 500 °C). XPS study revealed the occurrence of the Cu4O3 phase for room temperature deposited sample and CuO phase at the higher annealing temperature. Using current–voltage analysis, the Chueng model, and the thermoelectric emission model, the Schottky behavior between the metal and semiconductor were investigated. The fabricated diode showed a rectification ratio of 103 at ± 2 V, with the barrier height ranging from 0.84 to 1.12 eV due to different annealing treatments. The attributes of the power law were employed to elucidate space charge-limited conduction and the process of tunneling across the density of interface traps in p-CuO/Al Schottky diodes. This study provides valuable insights into the behavior of the p-CuO/Al Schottky junction, enhancing our understanding of its characteristics.
(Data-) Cooperatives in health and social care: a scoping review
Authors: Lauer Romy , Merkel Sebastian , Bosompem Jennifer , Langer Henrike , Naeve Peter , Herten Benjamin , Burmann Anja , Vollmar Horst Christian , Otte Ina ,   on behalf of the Coop4Health.NRW Consortium, Brand Angela , Brand Helmut , Clemens Timo , Geller Simon , Hinzmann Alice , Huhnt Jönne , Kerstan Leah , Venne Julien 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aim
To gather information about the structure of cooperatives in health and social care, in general, and data cooperatives, in particular, to derive implications for their future implementation.

Subject and methods
Health and social care systems are currently under pressure due to rising costs and demands. Many hopes lie on digitization, digitalization, and the potentials of health data. A scoping review was conducted searching nine databases and grey literature. Data on information about aim, type, and structure of the cooperatives, member structure, founding process, and their way of financing were extracted.

Results
All searches resulted in 9080 articles and websites. Overall, we included 26 cooperatives and categorized them as follows: (1) worker cooperatives with focus on workers’ rights and service provision to clients, (2) consumer cooperatives, (3) consumer and worker cooperatives, (4) cooperatives of institutions, (5) general practitioner (GP) cooperatives, (6) cooperatives as health insurance models, and (7) health data cooperatives.

Conclusions
Information provided on (data) cooperatives differed greatly in detail. Their common goal is to tackle and overcome existing barriers in their field such as working conditions or unequal health care. We identified five challenges: (1) salary structures; (2) cooperating with other providers and surrounding institutions; (3) building an identity and recruiting potential members; (4) motivation of members to participate actively; and (5) distinction from other types. Benefits are: (1) improvement of conditions; (2) being stronger together; (3) support of research; and (4) data governance. When successful and competent, (data) cooperatives can be powerful tools on public, scientific, and political levels.
Susceptibility of optic nerve head in children with posture-related elevation of intraocular pressure
Authors: Lüke Jan Niklas , Gietzelt Caroline , Enders Philip , Dietlein Johanna , Lappa Alexandra , Lüke Vincent , Widder Randolf Alexander , Dietlein Thomas S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background/Aims
This work aimed to investigate changes in optic nerve head (ONH) morphometry based on Bruch membrane opening in children with extensive nocturnal intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations.

Methods
The course of Bruch membrane opening-based optic nerve head (ONH) morphometry was analysed in thirty-two patients younger than 18 years with evaluable SD-OCT examinations of the ONH and nocturnal posture-dependent IOP elevation above 25 mmHg. Longitudinal changes in neuroretinal rim tissue, as measured by Bruch Membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, were assessed.

Results
One year after the 24 h IOP measurement, global BMO-MRW (− 1.61 ± 16.8 µm, n.s.; p = 0.611) and RNFL (+ 0.64 ± 3.17 µm; n.s.; p = 0.292) measurements were not significantly different from the baseline. No significant BMO-MRW reduction (− 3.91 ± 24.3 µm; n.s. p = 0.458) or deviation in RNFL thickness (+ 1.10 ± 3.52 µm) was observed at the four-year follow-up. Absolute IOP values measured in the supine position did not correlate with changes in global BMO-MRW or RNFL thickness.

Conclusion
Posture-dependent IOP elevations do not seem to influence retinal nerve fibre layer thickness or Bruch membrane opening-based morphometric data in childhood.
Heavy metal leaching from wood ash before and after hydration and carbonation
Authors: Ottosen Lisbeth M. , Sigvardsen Nina M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWood ashes can be used, e.g., as soil fertilizer or in construction materials; however, it is important to ensure that such use will not cause spreading of heavy metals and subsequent harm to the environment. Wood fly ashes (WFAs) generally have higher concentrations of heavy metals than wood bottom ashes. This paper focuses on the leaching of heavy metals from WFA, specifically identifying WFA characteristics that influence the leaching and changes in leaching caused by hydration and carbonation in ambient air. Chemometric modeling based on characteristics for eight different WFAs suggested that the leaching of Cr and Zn was associated with the concentration of K and the leaching of SO42−, indicating a connection to the soluble K2(SO4) commonly found in WFAs. During the aging, both pH and conductivity of the WFAs decreased showing the formation of new phases. The leaching of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb was low initially and decreased to non-measurable after the aging. So did the leaching of Zn except from one of the WFAs. Thus, the part of the heavy metals, which were leaching originally, was built into the newly formed phases. The Cr leaching also showed a general decrease during the aging, however, not to similarly low levels. This means that the leaching Cr fraction was either not influenced by the aging processes or the formed phases contained water-soluble Cr. The continued leaching of Cr needs more attention as it may be the toxic and carcinogenic Cr(IV). As the chemistry and mineralogy of WFAs, inclusive of the mobility of the heavy metals, are subject to changes, increased knowledge on the chemistry determining these changes is needed to choose environmentally sound recycling options.
Performance changes due to differences among annotating radiologists for training data in computerized lesion detection
Authors: Nomura Yukihiro , Hanaoka Shouhei , Hayashi Naoto , Yoshikawa Takeharu , Koshino Saori , Sato Chiaki , Tatsuta Momoko , Tanaka Yuya , Kano Shintaro , Nakaya Moto , Inui Shohei , Kusakabe Masashi , Nakao Takahiro , Miki Soichiro , Watadani Takeyuki , Nakaoka Ryusuke , Shimizu Akinobu , Abe Osamu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The quality and bias of annotations by annotators (e.g., radiologists) affect the performance changes in computer-aided detection (CAD) software using machine learning. We hypothesized that the difference in the years of experience in image interpretation among radiologists contributes to annotation variability. In this study, we focused on how the performance of CAD software changes with retraining by incorporating cases annotated by radiologists with varying experience.

Methods
We used two types of CAD software for lung nodule detection in chest computed tomography images and cerebral aneurysm detection in magnetic resonance angiography images. Twelve radiologists with different years of experience independently annotated the lesions, and the performance changes were investigated by repeating the retraining of the CAD software twice, with the addition of cases annotated by each radiologist. Additionally, we investigated the effects of retraining using integrated annotations from multiple radiologists.

Results
The performance of the CAD software after retraining differed among annotating radiologists. In some cases, the performance was degraded compared to that of the initial software. Retraining using integrated annotations showed different performance trends depending on the target CAD software, notably in cerebral aneurysm detection, where the performance decreased compared to using annotations from a single radiologist.

Conclusions
Although the performance of the CAD software after retraining varied among the annotating radiologists, no direct correlation with their experience was found. The performance trends differed according to the type of CAD software used when integrated annotations from multiple radiologists were used.
Genderspezifische Unterschiede depressiver Symptome von Studienanfänger*innen während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Grohne Pauline , Wenig Vanessa , Pischke Claudia R , Matos Fialho Paula M , Negash Sarah , Niephaus Yasemin , Helmer Stefanie M , Heumann Eileen 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Unter Studierenden sind depressive Symptome weit verbreitet, wobei weibliche Studierende häufiger davon betroffen sind als männliche. Vorherige Forschung zeigt einen Anstieg der Prävalenz depressiver Symptome in den ersten Semestern. Die COVID-19-Pandemie („coronavirus disease 2019“) könnte diesen Trend verschärft haben. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht deshalb, ob genderspezifische Unterschiede in der depressiven Symptomatik von Studienanfänger*innen während der COVID-19-Pandemie fortbestehen und ob ein Unterschied in der depressiven Symptomatik von Studienanfänger*innen und fortgeschrittenen Studierenden vorliegt.

Methode
Die depressive Symptomatik von Studienanfänger*innen und fortgeschrittenen Studierenden wurde mithilfe des PHQ-2 (Patient Health Questionnaire‑2) ermittelt sowie untersucht, ob ein genderspezifischer Unterschied vorliegt.

Ergebnisse
Depressive Symptome wiesen 30 % der Studienanfänger*innen auf. Die Prävalenz war mit 32 % bei weiblichen Studienanfängerinnen höher als bei ihren männlichen Kommilitonen (25 %). Es zeigen sich weder genderspezifische Unterschiede bei Studienanfänger*innen noch (genderspezifische) Unterschiede zwischen Studienanfänger*innen und fortgeschrittenen Studierenden.

Schlussfolgerung
Studierende berichteten häufig depressive Symptome, ein genderspezifischer Unterschied zeigte sich aber nicht. Sowohl bei männlichen als auch bei weiblichen Studierenden unterschied sich die Prävalenz nicht zwischen Anfangs- und fortgeschrittener Studienzeit. Frühzeitige Interventionen in der Studieneingangsphase und die Anpassung von Studienbedingungen sind in Anbetracht der hohen Prävalenz für die psychische Gesundheit Studierender wichtig.
Digitale Gesundheitskompetenz von Personen mit und ohne Migrationserfahrung – Ein Vergleich von zwei Querschnittbefragungen
Authors: Schaeffer Doris , Klinger Julia , Berens Eva-Maria 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel
Die Kompetenz, mit digitalen Gesundheitsinformationen umgehen zu können, gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Bisherige Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die digitale Gesundheitskompetenz (DGK) in Deutschland gering ausgeprägt ist, sich stark nach sozialen Merkmalen unterscheidet und auch Migrationserfahrung (ME) ein relevanter Aspekt sein könnte. Ziel des Beitrags ist daher, die DGK von Menschen ohne und mit eigener und elterlicher ME zu vergleichen.

Methodik
Im Artikel werden Daten aus zwei im Spätsommer 2020 durchgeführten Querschnittstudien von volljährigen Befragten ohne (n = 445), mit eigener (n = 770) und elterlicher (n = 257) ME, jeweils mit Herkunft aus der Türkei und Ländern der ehemaligen Sowjetunion, deskriptiv und multivariat analysiert. Die DGK wird mit dem HLS19-DIGI erfasst. Zudem werden Alter, Geschlecht, Bildungsniveau, Sozialstatus, finanzielle Deprivation sowie die Häufigkeit der Nutzung digitaler gesundheitsbezogener Informationsangebote berücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse
Befragte mit elterlicher ME verfügen sowohl deskriptiv als auch adjustiert über eine höhere DGK als Befragte mit eigener ME und ohne ME. Deren DGK unterscheidet sich im Mittel wiederum kaum. Befragte mit eigener ME weisen in einigen Teilgruppen zudem eine höhere DGK auf als Befragte ohne ME. Die DGK ist bei geringerer Nutzung digitaler Informationsangebote durchweg niedriger. Doch insgesamt gesehen ist die DGK eher gering ausgeprägt und im hohen Alter besonders gering.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse revidieren und differenzieren das Bild älterer Erhebungen, nach denen Menschen mit ME im Vergleich zu Personen ohne ME insgesamt eine geringere (digitale) Gesundheitskompetenz aufweisen. Speziell Personen mit elterlicher ME verfügen über Ressourcen, die ihnen den Umgang mit digitaler Gesundheitsinformation erleichtern.
Intensionen und Intentionen von Curricula: Die Entwicklung von Domänenmodellen als Voraussetzungen für die Operationalisierung von Lehrplänen in geringstrukturierten Domänen am Beispiel der ökonomischen Bildung
Authors: Fortunati Fabio , Winther Esther 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Entwicklung ökonomischer Kompetenz stellt einen wichtigen Baustein für die Beteiligung des Individuums am gesellschaftlichen Leben dar. Die bisherigen höchst heterogenen schulischen Lerngelegenheiten sind von fachwissenschaftlich und fachdidaktisch diversen und teils auch kontroversen Konzeptionen und Modellen geprägt. Es fehlt an anerkannten gemeinsamen, übergeordneten Vergleichspunkten zur Analyse curricularer Inhalte für die Messung ökonomischer Kompetenzen sowie der Fort- und Weiterentwicklung von Lehrplänen. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es zu zeigen, wie mithilfe von Domänenmodellen in Domänen ohne übergeordnete Vergleichspunkte, wie erlassene Bildungsstandards, Referenzpunkte geschaffen werden können, um Lehrpläne unterschiedlicher Bundesländer analysieren zu können. Domänenmodelle können so genutzt werden, um inhalts- und kognitionsbezogene Ziele der intendierten Curricula präziser zu beschreiben. Dies ermöglicht die Operationalisierung von Kompetenzzielen für die instruktionale Umsetzung in Schule und Unterricht. Auf Grundlage eines Modells der wirtschaftlichen Domäne wurde ein deduktives Kategoriensystem entwickelt, um Lehrpläne der ökonomischen Bildung aus zehn verschiedenen Bundesländern (N = 31) komparativ zu analysieren. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse deuten auf eine hinreichende Repräsentanz des postulierten Domänenmodells in den Curricula der ökonomischen Bildung hin. Darüber hinaus können inhalts- wie kognitionsbezogene Unterschiede zwischen den Schulformen festgestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse können als Ausgangspunkt für die Entwicklung von Kohärenz der instruktionalen Aktivitäten im Wirtschaftsunterricht dienen und wertvolle Hinweise auf ein tiefergehendes Verstehen der curricularen Intentionen und Intensionen für die Unterrichtspraxis geben.
Some promising medicinal plants used in Alzheimer’s disease: an ethnopharmacological perspective
Authors: Bordoloi Smita , Pathak Kalyani , Devi Mary , Saikia Riya , Das Jyotirmoy , Kashyap Vikrant Hari , Das Dibyajyoti , Ahmad Mohammad Zaki , Abdel-Wahab Basel A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily associated with aging. This devastating condition is characterized by significant memory loss, abnormal behavior, personality shifts, and a decline in cognitive function. Despite extensive research, no cure for Alzheimer’s disease currently exists, and available treatment options have shown limited effectiveness. Developing therapeutic interventions to slow down or prevent the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease is crucial to address the growing burden of this condition. Ayurvedic medicinal herbs have emerged as a promising avenue for drug research, with numerous compounds derived from these herbs currently undergoing clinical trials. Scientific studies have explored the potential application of various Ayurvedic medicinal plants and their derivatives in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Although the precise mechanisms of action remain largely unknown, extensive phytochemical investigations have identified a wide range of beneficial compounds within these plants. These compounds include lignans, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, triterpenes, sterols, and alkaloids, each exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities. These activities encompass anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloidogenic, anticholinesterase, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects. This review highlights the phytochemistry and ethnomedicinal applications of various plants, along with their bioactive compounds. It underscores the potential of Ayurveda, one of the world’s oldest holistic healing systems, in identifying effective therapeutic interventions for neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease. The promising pharmacological activities of Ayurvedic medicinal herbs and their constituents suggest their potential as novel treatments for Alzheimer’s disease. These findings offer hope for addressing the challenges posed by this debilitating condition.
Graphical Abstract
Numerical and experimental analysis of 3D printer hot ends
Authors: Hutchinson Michael , O’Donohue Andrew , Eslami Babak , Fouladi Kamran 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe design of the hot end plays a critical role in additive manufacturing, especially in material extrusion. Yet the melt flow behavior within the hot end assembly has not been explicitly presented regarding the hot end design. The present study intends to fill this knowledge gap by employing a two-phase approach to investigate the melt dynamics through three commercially available hot ends. The hot ends considered are E3D v6 Standard, v6 Gold, and Revo Six, which were chosen based on brand, design, and functionality. In Phase 1, an experimental apparatus was developed to assess the impact of feeding rate and extrusion temperature on the outlet temperature, outlet velocity, and under-extrusion percentage of extruded polymer. In Phase 2, the polymer flow through each hot end is explored utilizing a computational fluid dynamics model, which was validated using data obtained in Phase 1. It was determined that the filament feeding rate is the most influential parameter in polymer extrusion and that Revo Six’s symmetrical design affects the stability of extrusion. It was also revealed that the thermal evolution of the melted filament within the hot end assembly is directly affected by the length of the heating region and the polymer's material properties. The experimental and numerical procedures developed in this investigation can be useful to 3D printing users and manufacturers in selecting a hot end assembly based on application requirements.
On numerical realizations of Shannon’s sampling theorem
Authors: Kircheis Melanie , Potts Daniel , Tasche Manfred 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss some numerical realizations of Shannon’s sampling theorem. First we show the poor convergence of classical Shannon sampling sums by presenting sharp upper and lower bounds on the norm of the Shannon sampling operator. In addition, it is known that in the presence of noise in the samples of a bandlimited function, the convergence of Shannon sampling series may even break down completely. To overcome these drawbacks, one can use oversampling and regularization with a convenient window function. Such a window function can be chosen either in frequency domain or in time domain. We especially put emphasis on the comparison of these two approaches in terms of error decay rates. It turns out that the best numerical results are obtained by oversampling and regularization in time domain using a$$\sinh $$sinh-type window function or a continuous Kaiser–Bessel window function, which results in an interpolating approximation with localized sampling. Several numerical experiments illustrate the theoretical results.
Fluid management and active fluid removal practices: a global survey of paediatric critical care physicians
Authors: Aramburo Angela , Raman Sainath , Silversides Jonathan A. , Schlapbach Luregn J. , Gibbons Kristen S. , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan ,   on behalf of the Australian, New Zealand Intensive Care Society Paediatric Study Group (ANZICS PSG), Pellegrini Breanna , George Shane , Balit Corrine , Oberender Felix , Erickson Simon , Flores Jenipher Chumbes , Charles Karina , Waak Michaela , Long Debbie , Butt Warwick , Delzoppo Carmel , Gelbart Ben , Masterson Kate , Millar Johnny , Ganeshalingam Anusha , Sherring Claire , Singh Puneet , Smith Vicky , Schults Jessica , Darvas Jennifer , Festa Marino ,   the United Kingdom Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group (PCCS-SG)
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aims
Fluid accumulation (FA) in critically ill children is associated with poor clinical outcomes. While conservative fluid management has been proposed, evidence to guide practice is scarce. We surveyed paediatric critical care (PCC) physicians worldwide regarding their perceptions of FA, active fluid removal (AFR) practices, safety parameters, and willingness to participate in a clinical trial on the topic.

Methods
Cross-sectional international electronic survey of PCC physicians, distributed through research networks worldwide.

Results
A total of 409 PCC physicians from 48 countries participated in the survey; 40% (164/409) cared for cardiac patients. The majority believed FA was a modifiable source of morbidity (88%, 359/407) and expressed support for a trial on conservative fluid management trial (94%, 383/407). Restriction of maintenance fluid was more commonly practiced (87%, 335/387) than resuscitation fluid (54%, 210/387), with variability observed among individuals and patient categories. AFR was widely practiced (93%, 361/387), yet significant differences existed in patient selection, timing, modality, and rate. The most common reported time for starting AFR was 48 h (49%, 172/384), with most respondents (92%, 355/385) comfortable doing so in the setting of catecholamine infusions. While most respondents would continue diuretics with mild electrolyte or acid–base disturbances, 52% (179/342) would withhold them in cases of mild hypotension.

Conclusions
Fluid accumulation remains a significant concern among paediatric intensivists. The observed practice variability underscores the challenges in establishing evidence-based guidelines. Our survey highlights an urgent need for randomized trials in this field and provides valuable insights to inform the design of such future studies.