bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A High‐Order Hybrid Compact‐WENO Finite‐Difference Immersed Boundary Method for Computing Two‐Dimensional Inviscid Compressible Flows
Authors: Marashi Mohammad Hossein , Hejranfar Kazem 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn the present study, a high‐order hybrid compact‐weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) scheme is applied in conjunction with the immersed boundary method for efficiently computing compressible inviscid flows around two‐dimensional solid bodies. For this aim, the two‐dimensional unsteady compressible Euler equations written in the conservative form are considered and they are discretized in the space by using the hybrid fifth‐order compact‐WENO (CW) finite‐difference scheme and the third‐order explicit TVD Runge–Kutta scheme in the time. The solid bodies are appropriately imposed to the computational domain by using the immersed boundary method as an effective procedure in modeling the complex configurations without the difficulties usually encountered in generating the computational grid over such problems. Different test cases are simulated by applying the hybrid CW immersed boundary method and the present results are compared with those of available finite‐difference immersed boundary methods. To further assess the solution method applied, the present results are also obtained by the high‐order WENO immersed boundary scheme, and these two high‐order accurate solution procedures are thoroughly compared with each other. The main advantage of using the hybrid CW finite‐difference immersed boundary method applied here is that it provides a more accurate solution with lower computational cost in comparison with the traditional and high‐order WENO finite‐difference immersed boundary methods. It is shown that the solution procedure based on the hybrid CW scheme implemented via the immersed boundary method has still reasonable shock‐capturing features and it can effectively be applied for accurately computing the compressible inviscid flows with the complicated flow structures and the embedded discontinuities such as the shocks over the complicated geometries.
Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles in Mitigating Postharvest Losses of Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Shakeel Ayesha , Rohi Madiha , Batool Rizwana , Tehseen Saima , Aziz Mahwash , Malik Kaynat , Abdul Sattar Mahreen , Raza Awais , Diantom Agoura 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from biological waste is an emerging technology that has excellent antibacterial properties. The present study has been designed to prepare silver nanoparticles by adopting green synthesis, which is based on the drying of fruits and vegetable peel to form silver nanoparticles. Two types of fruits (apples and tomatoes) and three types of vegetables (carrots, capsicum, and cucumber) were divided into three groups: one group was kept without any treatment, the second group was subjected to nanoparticles without silver nitrate, and the third group was subjected to silver nanoparticles. All the groups were stored for 15 days at room temperature and assessed for the physiochemical analysis of fruits and vegetables at 0 and 15th day and weight loss at 0, 5, 10, and 15th day of storage. Specifically, the titratable acidity of apples increased from 1.45 to 1.47 g/L, whereas nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles‐treated apples ranged from 1.40 to 1.43 g/L. For tomatoes, the titratable acidity decreased from 0.54 to 0.44 g/L in controls, compared to 0.39–0.44 g/L in treated samples. Carrots in the control group decreased from 0.38 to 0.32 g/L, whereas treated samples maintained 0.29–0.34 g/L. Capsicum's acidity fell from 0.37 to 0.27 g/L in controls, compared to 0.28–0.32 g/L in treated capsicum. Cucumber's acidity decreased from 0.23 to 0.17 g/L in controls, whereas treated cucumbers showed 0.40–0.46 g/L. Overall, the nanoparticle treatments were effective in preserving the produce's titratable acidity, indicating enhanced freshness and extended shelf life. It was examined that treatments treated with nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles have a great impact on the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. There is a great possibility of using nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles in combination with peel extract of fruits and vegetables to improve the shelf life of vegetables and fruits.
Financing Universal Healthcare Coverage in Nigeria Through the Basic Health Care Provision Fund: Challenges and Potential Solutions
Authors: Odinenu Theodora A. , Anago Chidiebere Jude 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study examines the Nigerian government's efforts to provide Universal Health Care (UHC) and reduce out‐of‐pocket spending through the Basic Health Care Provision Funds (BHCPF) scheme. The study gathered insights into the degree of UHC accomplishment through the implementation of the BHCPF using qualitative and quantitative secondary data analysis approaches, which combined a series of interviews with Statista data. The findings show that BHCPF implementation must be better aligned with the needs of healthcare recipients, particularly at the local government level, with poor infrastructure, insufficient funding, a lack of workforce, limited medicine, low awareness, and reachability identified as key factors making the scheme inaccessible. For immediate improvement, supported by Statista data, the study recommended telemedicine to address some of the challenges of reachability/accessibility because it represents an advantageous approach, given its significant contribution to the expansion of healthcare accessibility and the mitigation of health inequities in under‐resourced countries around the world. Furthermore, the Public‐Private Partnership method backed by desk‐based research method was deemed ideal for addressing health care infrastructure provisioning challenge. Overall, this study demonstrates, on the one hand, the difficulty in improving access to care at the local government level, given the multifaceted and complex nature of the barriers to care for low‐income people; and on the other, the urgent need for more holistic collective action to improve quality healthcare services for all in Nigeria.
Can Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors? A Protocol for a GRADE‐Assessed Systematic Review and Dose‐Response Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Jafari Ali 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsCardiovascular diseases (CVDs), encompassing a variety of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, remain a significant global public health challenge. Among various therapeutic options, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has garnered attention due to its potential benefits for cardiovascular health. CoQ10 is a naturally occurring antioxidant that plays a crucial role in cellular energy production and has long been used therapeutically. This study aims to summarize and systematically analyze the scientific literature on glycemic profile, lipid profile, anthropometric measures, blood pressure, inflammatory factors, liver function tests, oxidative stress parameters and adipokines associated with CoQ10 supplementation to provide a basis for clinical treatment.MethodsA systematic electronic search will be conducted to identify articles published from inception to July 2024 across databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and EMBASE. The search will focus on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving both healthy and unhealthy participants. Two independent reviewers will evaluate articles, extract data, and assess study quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Discrepancies will be resolved through consultation with a third reviewer. If a sufficient number of eligible studies are identified, a meta‐analysis will be performed on the selected outcomes.ResultsThe results will provide a comprehensive synthesis of the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk factors, including glycemic profile, lipid profile, anthropometric measures, blood pressure, inflammatory factors, liver function tests, oxidative stress parameters, and adipokines.ConclusionThis protocol outlines a comprehensive approach to systematically review and perform a dose–response meta‐analysis on the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on CVD risk factors. The study will employ rigorous methodologies, including independent evaluation and GRADE assessment, to ensure high‐quality evidence synthesis from RCTs.
Porphyromonas gingivalis and Its Outer Membrane Vesicles Induce Neuroinflammation in Mice Through Distinct Mechanisms
Authors: Qiu Yu , Zhao Yueyang , He Guiqiong , Yang Deqin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common chronic neurodegenerative disorder, with neuroinflammation playing an important role in its progression to become a major research focus. The role of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and its outer membrane vesicles (Pg OMVs) in AD development is uncertain, particularly regarding their effects on neuroinflammation.MethodsThe cognition of mice injected with Pg, Pg OMVs, or PBS via the tail vein was assessed by the Morris water maze test. Pathological changes in the mouse brain were analyzed via immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and hematoxylin‒eosin (H&E) staining, and the ultrastructure of the hippocampus was observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Plasma levels of inflammatory factors were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Protein levels of brain inflammatory factor, occludin, and NLRP3 inflammasome‐related proteins were assessed by western blotting.ResultsMemory impairment; notable neuroinflammation, including astrocyte and microglial activation; and elevated protein levels of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 in the hippocampus were detected in the Pg and Pg OMV groups. However, Pg induced weight loss and systemic inflammation, such as splenomegaly and increased IL‐1β and TNF‐α levels in plasma, whereas Pg OMVs had minimal impact. In addition, Pg induced more pronounced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome compared to Pg OMVs. In contrast, only the Pg OMV group exhibited blood−brain barrier (BBB) disruption characterized by reduced integrity of tight junctions and lower levels of occludin protein.ConclusionsPg is associated with a significant immune response and systemic inflammation, which in turn exacerbates neuroinflammation via activating NLRP3 inflammasome. However, Pg OMVs might elude the systemic immune response and disrupt tight junctions, thereby entering the brain and directly triggering neuroinflammation.
Risk of high‐grade cervical lesions in the second round of primary human papillomavirus testing in CervicalScreen Norway: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Bjørge Tone , Støer Nathalie C. , Hverven Sara K. , Nygård Mari , Tropé Ameli , Engesæter Birgit 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAs many countries are transitioning from cytology to human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as the primary cervical cancer screening test, we evaluated the impact of cumulative HPV screening during the implementation of HPV screening in the Norwegian cervical cancer screening programme (CervicalScreen Norway). Data from the second HPV screening round was compared with data from the first round. The second‐round analyses included only women who returned to routine screening 4–6 years following a negative HPV test in the first round. Associations between screening rounds and HPV positivity, cytology results, and follow‐up recommendations were estimated by multinomial logistic regression, and relative risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) by Cox regression. There was a 42% lower risk of being HPV positive in the second screening round compared to the first (age‐adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR) 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53 to 0.65), and a 70% lower risk of having high‐grade cytology among HPV16 positive women (0.30, 0.12 to 0.78). There was also a 51% reduction in referrals for immediate colposcopy (0.49, 0.39 to 0.62). The overall risk of CIN3+ was 71% lower in the second round compared to the first (age‐adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.29, 95%CI 0.21–0.40), and lower among HPV16 and other high‐risk HPV positive women, but not among HPV18 positives. No cervical cancers were diagnosed in the second round (mean follow‐up 2.4 years). Our findings indicate that HPV test results from previous screening rounds should be considered when designing optimal screening algorithms.
Associations between degree of food processing and colorectal cancer risk in a large‐scale European cohort
Authors: Al Nahas Aline , Yammine Ghantous Sahar , Morales Berstein Fernanda , Cakmak Emine Koc , Biessy Carine , Nicolas Genevieve , Kliemann Nathalie , Lopez Jessica Blanco , Jacobs Inarie , Gonzalez‐Gil Esther M. , Cairat Manon , Pinho Maria Gabriela Matias , Bertazzi Levy Renata , Rauber Fernanda , Vamos Eszter P. , Chang Kiara , Millett Christopher , Touvier Mathilde , Kesse‐Guyot Emmanuelle , Severi Gianluca , Marques Chloé , Hajji Mariem , Macciotta Alessandra , Masala Giovanna , Fordellone Mario , Agnoli Claudia , Amiano Pilar , Guevara Marcela , Tjønneland Anne , Kyrø Cecilie , Derksen Jeroen W. G. , Smit Karel C. , Schulze Matthias B. , Jannasch Franziska , Kaaks Rudolf , Katzke Verena , Braaten Tonje , Brustad Magritt , Skeie Guri , Harewood Rhea , Heath Alicia , Vineis Paolo , Weiderpass Elisabete , Ferrari Pietro , Gunter Marc J. , Huybrechts Inge 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIndustrial food processing has been linked to various health outcomes including cancer. To examine associations between the degree of food processing and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and its sub‐sites, data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) including 6155 incident CRC cases (n = 450,111 participants), were analyzed. Dietary intakes were assessed using baseline food frequency questionnaires. Foods were classified into culinary ingredients, unprocessed, processed (PFs), and ultra‐processed foods (UPFs) according to the Nova classification. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for established CRC risk factors, were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) associated with a 10% increase in proportion of consumption (%g/d) of each Nova group. Substitution analysis examined the effect of replacing UPFs and PFs with unprocessed foods on CRC risk. A 10% increase in proportion of UPFs was associated with 6% higher CRC risk (95% CI:1.02–1.10). A positive association was also found between PFs and CRC risk (HR per 10% increase: 1.10 [95% CI, 1.05–1.15]). Conversely, unprocessed food consumption was inversely associated with CRC risk (HR per 10% increase: 0.93[95% CI, 0.90–0.95]). Substitution of 10% of the overall proportion of the diet comprising UPFs or PFs with 10% unprocessed foods was associated with a decreased risk of CRC (HRUPFs: 0.94 [95% CI, 0.90–0.97]; HRPFs: 0.90 [95% CI, 0.86–0.94]). In conclusion, UPF was positively associated with CRC risk while diets richer in unprocessed foods were associated with lower CRC risk. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms by which food processing affects CRC risk.
Primary renal well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumors with lymph node metastasis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Nguyen Huy‐Hoang , Phan Hoang‐Giang , Ho Duc‐Thuong , Le Van‐Hung 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionWell‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the kidney are rare and generally less aggressive than renal cell carcinoma, although metastasis is still present at the time of diagnosis. Surgical resection remains the preferred treatment, even in cases with lymph node metastases.Case presentationWe present the case of a 38‐year‐old female with a right renal WDNET and lymph node metastasis who underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with lymphadenectomy. Pathological examination confirmed metastasis in 9 out of 11 lymph nodes. Immunohistochemistry results were positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin, with a Ki‐67 index of less than 10%. No recurrence was observed after 36 months.ConclusionWell‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumors are rare, with non‐specific clinical and imaging characteristics, requiring immunohistochemical analysis for diagnosis. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice, and long‐term follow‐up is essential.
Pancreatic Tumor Detection From CT Images Converted to Graphs Using Whale Optimization and Classification Algorithms With Transfer Learning
Authors: Alaca Yusuf , Akmeşe Ömer Faruk 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive types of cancer, known for its high mortality rate, as it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Early diagnosis holds the potential to prolong patients' lifespans and improve treatment success rates. In this study, an innovative method is proposed to enhance the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Computed tomography (CT) images were converted into graphs using the Harris Corner Detection Algorithm and analyzed using deep learning models via transfer learning. DenseNet121 and InceptionV3 transfer learning models were trained on graph‐based data, and model parameters were optimized using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). Additionally, classification algorithms such as k‐Nearest Neighbors (k‐NN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Random Forests (RF) were integrated into the analysis of the extracted features. The best results were achieved using the k‐NN classification algorithm on features optimized by WOA, yielding an accuracy of 92.10% and an F1 score of 92.74%. The study demonstrated that graph‐based transformation enabled more effective modeling of spatial relationships, thereby enhancing the performance of deep learning models. WOA offered significant superiority compared to other methods in parameter optimization. This study aims to contribute to the development of a reliable diagnostic system that can be integrated into clinical applications. In the future, the use of larger and more diverse datasets, along with different graph‐based methods, could enhance the generalizability and performance of the proposed approach. The proposed model has the potential to serve as a decision support tool for physicians, particularly in early diagnosis, offering an opportunity to improve patients' quality of life.
Reducing human health and environmental risks associated with fungicide use on golf courses
Authors: Grégoire Guillaume , Laliberté Ann‐Catherine 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe widespread use of pesticides on golf courses, essential for maintaining healthy turfgrass, has raised significant environmental and health concerns as perceived by many well‐intentioned members of society. In response to regulatory pressures, this study aimed to evaluate reduced‐risk approaches to managing two prevalent turf diseases, dollar spot (Clarireedia spp.) and snow molds (Typhula sp. and Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels & I.C. Hallett), at two experimental sites in Quebec, Canada. A variety of treatments, including synthetic fungicides, reduced‐risk fungicides, biofungicides, and fertilizers, were assessed in 2021 and 2022. For dollar spot, the reduced‐risk fungicide isofetamid achieved similar disease control comparable to the synthetic standard (chlorothalonil/propiconazole); however, biofungicides and fertilizers did not provide significant disease reduction. For snow mold, a reduced‐risk treatment (fluoxastrobin + mefentrifluconazole) was effective but less so than the synthetic standard. Overall, reduced‐risk fungicides demonstrated potential for controlling these diseases while significantly reducing human health and environmental risks, although efficacy varied among those fungicides. This study supports the viability of integrating reduced‐risk or lower‐toxicity pesticides into golf course pest management strategies and programs, contributing to more sustainable turfgrass management practices.
Elongation Method‐Based Alternating Multi‐Directional Automated Property Optimization Process and Its Application
Authors: Lin Shichen , Orimoto Yuuichi , Aoki Yuriko 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTElongation (ELG) method‐based property optimization (POPT) is an effective approach for designing large systems from one terminal to the other. An alternating multi‐directional ELG method is introduced to enable alternating POPT for complex systems with multiple growth directions, improving efficiency. (Hyper)polarizabilities of donor‐acceptor‐substituted polydiacetylenes (PDAs) aligned along the ‐axis are optimized by alternating POPT, where donor‐ and acceptor‐substituted diacetylene monomers are alternately selected and attached to two PDA terminals. Alternating POPT's capability in designing systems with expected properties, efficiency, and accuracy has been validated. For types of donor and acceptor groups, the existing simultaneous ELG‐based POPT requires calculating combinations, as monomers are simultaneously attached in both elongation directions. In contrast, the alternating ELG‐based POPT only requires combinations, halving the number of basis functions involved in calculations and significantly enhancing efficiency.
Measuring Hemoglobin A1C with Frozen Packed Cell and Frozen Whole Blood Samples in an Epidemiologic Study: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study
Authors: Kamin Mukaz Debora , Tison Stephanie , Long D. Leann , Carson April P. , Hunt Kelly J. , Judd Suzanne E. , Cushman Mary 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionHemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurement in epidemiology studies could be increased if reliability of measurements in frozen stored samples was known. In the Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke, a longitudinal study of 30,239 Black and White U.S. adults, we investigated reliability of HbA1c measurements for two types of samples stored at −80°C for up to 14 years.MethodsAmong 917 participants without diabetes, HbA1c was measured in 2017 in frozen packed cells from the first visit (2003–2007) and in frozen whole blood samples from the second visit (2013–2016). To study reliability, associations between HbA1c and glycemia‐related characteristics were examined.ResultsEach 10 mg/dL greater fasting glucose was associated with 0.08% (95% CI: 0.05%–0.11%) greater HbA1c in frozen packed cells (Visit 1) and 0.10% (95% CI: 0.08%–0.12%) greater HbA1c in whole blood (Visit 2). HbA1c was also similarly higher with both methods with increasing age, gender, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, high‐density lipoprotein, triglycerides, C‐reactive protein, and hemoglobin. Using both methods, ≤ 3.5% would be classified with diabetes based on HbA1c ≥ 6.5%.ConclusionsIn REGARDS participants without diabetes, HbA1c measurement appeared reliable in frozen packed cells or whole blood under long‐term storage, suggesting acceptability for study of the epidemiology of HbA1c.