bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presence on a human melanoma of multiple antigens recognized by autologous CTL
Authors: Van Eynde B. Den , Hainaut P. , Hérin M. , Knuth A. , Lemoine C. , Weynants P. , Van Bruggen P. Der , Fauchet R. , Boon T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe derived from blood lymphocytes of a melanoma patient a large number of cytolytic T‐cell clones directed against a cell line of the autologous tumor. Three distinct groups of antigens were recognized by these CTL on the autologous melanoma cells: group A consisted of stable antigens present on all sublines, whereas antigens B and C appeared unstable and were expressed by distinct sublines. In vitro immunoselec‐tions with various anti‐A CTL clones were applied to the melanoma cells and variants resistant to 3 different CTL clones were obtained. These variants remained sensitive to other anti‐A CTL clones, indicating that group A comprises at least 4 different antigens (D, E, F and A). From a total of 76 CTL clones obtained from lymphocytes collected from the patient at various times, we found that 45 were anti‐B, 17 were anti‐C, 2 were anti‐D, 9 were anti‐E, 2 were anti‐F and I was anti‐A′. It is therefore likely that the 6 antigens identified by these CTL clones represent all or nearly all the transplantation antigens recognized by autologous CTL on this human melanoma.
Coexistence of delta sleep‐inducing peptide and serotonin in midgut carcinoid tumour cells in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Ahlman H. , Åhlund L. , Nilsson O. , Dahlström A. , Bjartell A. , Ekman R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy immunocytochemistry, delta sleep‐inducing peptide (DSIP) was demonstrated to coexist with serotonin (5‐HT) in a majority of midgut carcinoid tumour cells studied in biopsies and long‐term cell cultures. Tumour cell colonies were characterized ultrastructurally and by confocal laser microscopy. The cultures produced several DSIP‐like peptides chromato‐graphically separated from culture media. DSIP has not yet proved to be a useful tumour marker clinically. Provocation with pentagastrin in patients with midgut carcinoid syndrome resulted in increased peripheral levels of 5HT, but not of DSIP.
Epidermal growth factor responsiveness of a new human neuroblastoma cell line
Authors: Suardet L. , Gross N. , Gaide A.‐C. , Beck D. , Eliason J. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA human neuroblastoma cell line, CA‐2E, has been established from a bone‐marrow aspirate of a 16‐month‐old boy with progressive disease. The karyotype and antigen pheno‐type of the cells correspond to those of a neuroblastoma. This cell line grows well in liquid cultures supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum; conversely, colony formation in semi‐solid medium by cells from early passages is dependent upon exogenous EGF. With time in continuous culture, the cloning efficiency in the absence of EGF increases, but the line remains sensitive to EGF, as evidenced by an enhancement of the number and size of colonies. A relative dependence upon EGF in liquid cultures has also been clearly demonstrated by limiting the concentration of serum. Long‐term (over 2 weeks) treatment with EGF results in a decreased rate of proliferation, a decreased proportion of clonogenic cells, and the appearance of flat, epithelial‐type cells. In some experiments, EGF also has a remarkable effect in inducing neurite outgrowth and process branching. Our results suggest that EGF may have both proliferation‐ and differentiation‐inducing effects on this neuroblastoma cell line. We have also shown that EGF induces increased proliferation in 7 out of 8 other human neuroblastoma cell lines. Functional response of neuroblastoma cells to EGF appears to be a general phenomenon which may be related to a block in the normal maturation pathway of the neural crest cells from which this tumor originates.
Effect of ethanol on hepatocarcinogenesis initiated in rats with 3′‐methyl‐4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene in the absence of liver injuries
Authors: Yanagi S. , Yamashita M. , Hiasa Y. , Kamiya T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study special care was taken to discriminate between the direct effect of ethanol on hepatocarcinogenesis and secondary effects such as choline deficiency or fatty liver. Rats were divided into 2 groups, D and N. Group D was initiated using 3′‐Me‐DAB, while the control group N was not initiated. Groups N and D were divided into 4 sub‐groups. Each subgroup was given, in the drinking water, one of the following ethanol solutions: 0, 5, 10 or 15% for 45 weeks. Liver tumors were induced only in D groups. Evidence obtained indicates that: (a) in the N group, ethanol did not cause any apparent disorders in histology and lipid metabolism, and (b) in the D group no significant differences were observed in the incidence of HCCs and other liver lesions. Ethanol thus does not appear to enhance hepatocarcinogenesis, at least in the absence of liver injury.
A short sequence, within the amino acid tandem repeat of a cancer‐associated mucin, contains immunodominant epitopes
Authors: Burchell Joy , Taylor‐Papadimitriou Joyce , Boshell Martina , Gendler Sandra , Duhig Trevor 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM) appears to be the target molecule for many monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which react with tumour‐associated and epithelium‐specific antigens. PEM contains a large domain made up of 20 aminoacid tandem repeats which are highly immunodominant as many of the antibodies reactive with this molecule recognize epitopes within this area. Using overlapping peptide octamers, we have precisely mapped the epitopes of 4 MAbs reactive with the tandem repeats including one, SM‐3, which shows enhanced tumour specificity. We report that the core of the SM‐3 epitope corresponds to the continuous amino acid sequence Pro‐Asp‐Thr‐Arg‐Pro. We also show that the epitopes recognized by 3 other antibodies, which show reactivity with normal and malignant tissues, map to within this area of the tandem repeat. However, none of these epitopes contain the proline found at the amino end of the SM‐3 determinant. These results are consistent with the idea that, in the cancer‐associated mucin, premature termination of the carbohydrate side‐chains results in the exposure of the SM‐3 epitope.
Regulation of cell turnover in the livers of tumour‐bearing rats: Occurrence of apoptosis
Authors: Tessitore Luciana , Valente Guido , Bonelli Gabriella , Costelli Paola , Baccino Francesco Maria 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGrowth of a highly‐deviated ascites hepatoma (Yoshida AH‐130) in rats caused initial hyperplastic enlargement of the liver, followed by progressive reduction to a size lower than that seen in controls. The time‐course of this biphasic change in liver weight roughly corresponded to the exponential and stationary phases of tumour growth. Histologically, scattered small foci of perilobular necrosis were observed during the hyperplastic phase and these were consistently associated with a moderate elevation of glutamate‐pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activity in the blood plasma. By contrast, signs of necrosis were absent and plasma GTP levels had returned to normal during the phase of hepatic involution, which was characterized by enhanced apoptosis, a type of single‐cell death known to be involved in the regulation of tissue size under both normal and pathological conditions. Biochemically, alterations in liver protein mass resulted from changed rates of tissue protein degradation. The apoptotic bodies could either be lost from the liver via blood, lymph and bile, or phagocytosed and degraded by adjacent cells. Disposal of the apoptotic bodies is likely to account, at least in part, for the enhanced rates of liver protein turnover that characterize hepatic involution.
Suppression of c‐myc mRNA expression by steroid hormones in HTLV‐I‐infected T‐cell line, KH‐2
Authors: Koizumi Tamio , Nakao Yoshinobu , Kawanishi Michiko , Maeda Sakan , Sugiyama Taketoshi , Fujita Takuo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of l,25(OH)2D3 and dexamethasone on cellular proliferation and gene expression of the HTLV‐l‐infected T‐cell line, KH‐2, established from a patient with adult T‐cell leukemia, endemic in the south‐west Japanese islands and the Caribbean, were examined. KH‐2 cells are integrated by HTLV‐I proviral DNA and expressed mRNA for c‐myc, IL‐2 receptor a‐chain (IL‐2Rα), and T‐cell receptor β‐chain (TCRβ) while it did not express IL‐2 mRNA. l,25(OH)2D3 and dexamethasone did not suppress the mRNA levels of HTLV‐I, IL‐2Rα or TCRβ but reduced the c‐myc mRNA level. The reduction of c‐myc mRNA level was marked in l,25(OH)2D3‐treated cells but relatively weak in dexamethasone‐treated cells. This inhibitory effect of the steroid hormones correlated with the inhibition of KH‐2 cell proliferation.
Membrane fluidity affects tumor‐cell motility, invasion and lung‐colonizing potential
Authors: Taraboletti Giulia , Perin Lianna , Bottazzi Barbara , Mantovani Alberto , Giavazzi Raffaella , Salmona Mario 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMembrane fluidity, determined by steady‐state fluorescence polarization measurements, was correlated with metastatic capacity of murine tumor‐cell lines. A correlation was observed in cell lines with different metastatic potential, and was confirmed when their lung‐colonizing ability was modulated by alteration of either the membrane lipid composition or the culture conditions. Two cellular functions, motility and basement membrane invasion, were affected by the membrane lipid composition, and might explain the role of membrane fluidity observed in cancer metastasis.
Biochemical and NMR studies on structure and release conditions of RNA‐containing vesicles shed by human colon adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Ceccarini M. , Guidoni L. , Luciani A. M. , Mariutti G. , Rosi A. , Viti V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLarge amounts of particulate material, mostly lipid vesicles, are released by human colon adenocarcinoma HCT‐8R cells when they are packed at high density in saline solution. RNA is also present in the released structures. Vesicle shedding is displayed only by healthy and viable cells. The process, in our experimental conditions, lasts up to 40 min, and can be restored by supplementing cells with nutrients and oxygen. RNA and lipids give rise to IH and 3IP NMR signals. The process is somehow related to a thermotropic transition observed by means of IH NMR spectroscopy for peculiar lipid domains in the plasma membrane. Analysis of 3IP NMR spectra of the phosphodiester groups, upon pH variation, indicates strong interaction between RNA and proteins in an assembled structure. A constant amount of polyA+ RNA can be recovered from the vesicles. The electrophoretic pattern and in vitro protein synthesis indicate that mRNA can be isolated as a functionally active molecule with a major 5 Kb fraction.
Effects of cyclosporin a and verapamil on the intracellular daunorubicin accumulation in chinese hamster ovary cells with increasing levels of drug‐resistance
Authors: Silbermann M. H. , Boersma A. W. M. , Jamssen A. L. W. , Scheper R. J. , Herweijer H. , Nooter K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMultidrug‐resistance (MDR) is characterized by the presence of a 170 kDa glycoprotein (P‐glycoprotein) in the plasma membrane. P‐glycoprotein is thought to act as an efflux pump, leading to reduced drug accumulation in MDR cells. This defect in drug accumulation can be overcome by membrane transport modulating agents (MTMAs). We determined the concentration of MTMA needed for maximal restoration of daunorubicin content in 4 Chinese hamster ovary cell lines with increasing levels of drug‐resistance using flow cytometry. Stimulation of daunorubicin accumulation occurred in a dose‐dependent manner. The required level of MTMA needed for maximal drug accumulation increased with the level of drug‐resistance. CHrA3 cells, which have a level of resistance comparable to clinical samples, needed relatively low concentrations of MTMA for maximal restoration of drug accumulation. This indicates that, in trials combining drugs and MTMAs, low dosages of MTMAs could be sufficient for optimal potentiation of cytotoxicity.
Cell fusion in tumor development and progression: Occurrence of cell fusion in primary methylcholanthrene‐induced tumorigenesis
Authors: Fortuna M. B. , Dewey M. J. , Furmanski P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDefinitive evidence for the occurrence of cell fusion in tumorigenesis was sought in methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcomas. This was approached by using allophenic mice generated from strains differing for electrophoretic variants of the ubiquitous, dimeric enzyme glucose phosphate isomerase, with fusion assessed by heterodimer formation. Eighty‐three carefully trimmed primary tumor samples (from 23 individual tumors in allophenic mice) were analyzed, as were 1,140 clones derived from them. In all primary tumor samples, zymograms exhibited one GPI homopolymeric band. Expression of a hybrid band (indicative of a fusion event) was not observed in these samples. However, 9 (0.8%) of the tumor clones demonstrated a distinct and reproducible hybrid band which was uniformly lost upon recloning. Our data suggest that cell fusion, although uncommon, occurs in the clonogenic cell fraction during primary MCA tumorigenesis and is followed rapidly by chromosome segregation.
A case‐control study of diet and breast cancer in Argentina
Authors: Iscovich José Mario , Iscovich Ruth B. , Howe Geoffrey , Shiboski Steve , Kaldor John M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case‐control study of breast cancer was carried out in La Plata, Argentina, where the incidence of the disease is comparable to the highest rates recorded worldwide. One hundred and fifty incident cases were identified through major hospitals. For each case, a hospital control, matched by age and hospital, and a neighbourhood control, matched by residential area and age, were also chosen. Cases and controls were interviewed to obtain information on past diet, as well as demographic and socio‐economic characteristics, reproductive and menstrual history and other potential breast‐cancer risk factors. The dietary information was obtained from questions on the consumption of specific food items and information on portion sizes from an earlier study was used to estimate intake of calories and selected nutrients. There was a substantial excess energy intake among cases as compared to both control groups, which was present across all 3 major macronutrients which contribute to total calories. Among the food groups, the consumption of eggs was a risk factor for breast cancer, and wholemilk products and green leafy vegetables were protective. After adjusting for the calorie difference in multivariate statistical analyses of nutrients, fibre and betacarotene consumption were weakly protective. The results are discussed with reference to possible methodological difficulties and previous studies of diet and breast cancer.
Some endocrine characteristics of early menarche, a risk factor for breast cancer, are preserved into adulthood
Authors: Apter D. , Reinilä M. , Vihko R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEarly menarche is a risk factor for breast cancer. In a longitudinal manner, we have investigated the endocrine features of girls with early menarche. This study extends our investigations to the third decade of life in a cohort of girls followed up for 13 years. The group studied comprised 44 women, 20‐31 years of age. Eleven women had had their menarche before 12.0 years, 14 women at 12.0‐12.9 years and 19 women at 13.0 years or more. The women who had had early menarche had higher serum oestradiol concentrations during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle than the women who had had their menarche later. The serum oestradiol concentrations increased rapidly at the beginning of cycle in these “early menarche” women. If there is a threshold which serum oestradiol concentrations must exceed to increase the risk of breast cancer, then these women have more days at risk than other women. In addition, the serum SHBG (sexhormonebinding globulin) concentration was about 30% lower in the follicularphase specimens of the women who had had their menarche before 12.0 years compared with those who had had their menarche at 13.0 years. Our data therefore indicate that women with early menarche are subject to a high degree of oestrogen stimulation at least until approximately 30 years of age. Our findings may have important consequences for the design of intervention programs for breast cancer prevention.
IL‐1 and IL‐6 release by tumor‐associated macrophages from human ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Erroi Annalaura , Sironi Marina , Chiaffarino Francesca , Zhen‐Guo Chen , Mengozzi Manuela , Mantovani Alberto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOur study was designed to investigate the production of interleukin‐l (IL‐I) and IL‐6 in tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) isolated from ascites (18 cases) or solid (7 cases) human ovarian carcinoma. These are pleiotropic monokines which, in addition to affecting proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes, act on various targets, including vascular cells and liver, and may therefore be involved in the pathogenesis of certain manifestations of malignancy. IL‐I was measured by the thymocyte costimulator assay, under conditions in which IL‐6 was inactive, and, in 8 cases, by radioimmunoassay (RIA). IL‐6 was measured as hybridoma growth factor (HGF) on the 7TDI cell line. TAM did not release appreciable levels of IL‐I spontaneously and, upon LPS stimulation, were poor producers of this monokine compared to blood monocytes. In contrast, TAM supernatants contained a high level of HGF in the absence of deliberate stimulation, and exposure to LPS either did not affect or further augmented production of this monokine. HGF activity of TAM supernatants was completely blocked by anti‐IL‐6 antibodies, Ascites fluid from 8 ovariancarcinoma patients contained high levels of HGF activity, blocked by anti‐IL‐6 antibodies. Thus, TAM exhibit a dissociation in their capacity to release the functionally related monokines IL‐I and IL‐6. IL‐6 produced by TAM may account for the elevation of liverderived acutephase proteins associated with malignancy.
Activation and immortalization of leukaemic B cells by epstein‐barr virus
Authors: Walls E. V. , Doyle M. G. , Patel K. K. , Allday M. J. , Catovsky D. , Crawford D. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have studied the responses of chronic leukaemic B cells to infection by Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). Our results define one population of B lymphocytes, represented by prolymphocyte leukaemic (PLL) cells, which are highly susceptible to immortalization by EBV. Another B‐cell type, represented by chronic lymphocytic leukaemic (CLL) cells, can be readily infected by the virus but is resistant to immortalization. Comparative studies of viral and cellular related events early after infection in these 2 cell types reveal that both express the EB viral nuclear antigen (EBNA) complex, but the immortalization‐resistant CLL cells fail to express the latent membrane protein (LMP), which can be detected in PLL cells 48 hr after infection. Circularization of the linear viral genome could be detected at 7 days post infection in the PLL cells, but only in 2 out of 4 CLL cells tested. Both CLL and PLL cells show increased surface expression of CD23 and HLA‐DR molecules after infection but, whereas PLL cells show an increase in size, together with RNA and DNA synthesis indicative of cell cycle progression, CLL cells appear to be arrested in the G1/S phase of the cycle. The results suggest that the outcome of infection by EBV is determined by the nature of the target cell rather than by random virus‐related events. The correlation between the block in immortalization of CLL cells and their failure to express LMP suggests that expression of this protein is essential for in vitro immortalization of B cells. The failure to detect circularization in some EBV‐infected CLL cells suggests that this, as well as LMP expression, may be dependent on prior activation of the B cell by EBV, an event which may vary between the different CLL samples tested.
Adoptive immunotherapy is suppressed in C57BL/6J AND B6.C‐H‐2bm12 mice following recognition of congenic class II MHC antigen determinants
Authors: Evans Robert , Duffy Theodore M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn previous reports, we have shown that adoptive transfer of tumor‐sensitized T (immune) cells to tumor‐bearing mice that have received a prior injection of cyclophosphamide (CY) results in the induction of permanent tumor regression in syngeneic strains. It has also been shown that adoptive immunotherapy results in an increased expression of class II MHC antigens (la) by macrophages at the tumor site and in the peritoneal cavity and is associated with expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at the site of tumor regression. In this report, we use the la mutant strain, B6.C‐H‐2bm12, and con‐genic C57BL/6J (B6) mice to determine the relative importance of la expression in regulating amplification of immune responses following adoptive immunotherapy and to test the hypothesis that recognition of congenic la determinants will result in the induction of suppressor mechanisms that down‐regulate active immunity. The data indicated that the adoptive transfer of immune congenic T cells (B6 immune cells into CY‐treated tumor‐bearing bml2 mice and vice‐versa) down‐regulated active immunity, while the transfer of syngeneic immune cells resulted in permanent tumor regression. By using radiation‐chimeric mice, it was shown that down‐regulation was associated with incompatibility of the transferred immune T cells and bone‐marrow‐derived cells (puta‐tively expressing the la haplotype of donor‐derived macrophages) and the appearance of long‐lived splenic suppressor cells. Suppression per se was shown to be induced in response to the la difference between the two strains and not in response to the MCA/76‐9 sarcoma, which appears to be one of the few tumors that can induce active immunity in both the syngeneic and congenic strains without obvious subsequent down‐regulation by suppression.
Medroxyprogesterone acetate, an anti‐cancer and anti‐angiogenic steroid, inhibits the plasminogen activator in bovine endothelial cells
Authors: Ashino‐Fuse Hiromi , Takano Yoshihito , Oikawa Tsutomu , Shimamura Mariko , Iwaguchi Takao 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMedroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is an anti‐cancer drug for mammary carcinomas and an angiostatic steroid. The effects of MPA on the growth and plasminogen activator (PA) activity of bovine endothelial cells were investigated to elucidate the inhibitory mechanism observed in angiogenesis. MPA did not suppress the growth of capillary endothelial cells, even at high concentrations. On the other hand, in bovine endothelial cells of 3 types (adrenal cortical capillary, aortic and pulmonary artery endothelial cells), MPA inhibited extracellular and cell‐associated activity of PA, which might be a protease involved in the neovascular response. MPA also greatly inhibited the high level of PA induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF). The same result was obtained when PA production was induced by 4β‐phorbol‐l2‐myri‐state‐13‐acetate (PMA) in endothelial cells. These findings suggest that one of the points of inhibitory action of MPA in the process of angiogenesis may be the suppression of PA activity, and that inhibition of this protease might be useful for reduction of tumorigenic or excessive angiogenesis in vivo.