bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochemical Behavior of an Anthracene–Urea Derivative Interacting with Anions
Authors: Ohshiro Ikuma , Ikegami Masashi , Shinohara Yoshihiro , Nishimura Yoshinobu , Arai Tatsuo 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The synthesis and photophysical properties of a fluorescent anthracene–urea derivative, which can associate with anions, such as acetate or phosphate, by hydrogen-bonding, are reported. A new anthracene derivative bearing phenylurea group at the 9-position of anthracene, 1-anthracen-9-yl-3-phenylurea, (9PUA) was prepared. 9PUA was found to exhibit strong selectivity in relation to anions, some of which showed a remarkable change in emission. 9PUA had a monomer emission maximum at 450 nm, and the monomer emission was quenched to give a new emission with a maximum at 580 nm on the addition of acetate anion. The emission at 580 nm was assigned to a tautomer form of 9PUA generated by intermolecular proton transfer as a result of an excited-state reaction with acetate anion.
ESR Measurement Using 2-Diphenylphosphinoyl-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole N-Oxide (DPhPMPO) in Human Erythrocyte Ghosts
Authors: Shioji Kosei , Iwashita Hidefumi , Shimomura Taiji , Yamaguchi Takeo , Okuma Kentaro 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Competitive spin-trapping behavior of 2-diphenylphosphinoyl-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole N-oxide (DPhPMPO) and 2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole N-oxide (DMPO) indicated that the affinity of DPhPMPO for hydroxyl radicals was 1.7 times higher than that of DMPO. Human erythrocyte ghosts (HEGs) with encapsulated FeII catalysts (HEG–Fe) were prepared for ESR measurement. By trapping the hydroxyl radical (OH•) in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG-4000) outside the HEG–Fe, the generation of OH• inside the catalyst was confirmed. The trapping of hydroxyl radicals generated in HEG was accomplished using DPhPMPO, and the permeability of the erythrocyte membrane to DPhPMPO was 2.4 times greater than that of DMPO.
Synthesis of 1(3H)-Imino-2-benzothiophene and 1-Imino-1H-2-benzothiopyran Derivatives by Reactions of Secondary o-(Vinyl)thiobenzamide Derivatives with Iodine
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Fujita Seiki , Hase Masanori , Morikawa Osamu , Konishi Hisatoshi 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Efficient methods have been developed for the preparation of 1(3H)-imino-2-benzothiophene and 1-imino-1H-2-benzothiopyran derivatives. Treatment of secondary o-(vinyl)thiobenzamide derivatives with iodine in the presence of sodium hydrogencarbonate in acetonitrile at 0 °C gave the former derivatives. Similar treatment at reflux gave the latter derivatives.
Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolites by Conventional and Microwave-Assisted Methods Using (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium Hydroxide as a Template
Authors: Samadi-Maybodi Abdolraouf , Goudarzi Nasser 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Different types of zeolites were synthesized using two different techniques: conventional hydrothermal synthesis (CHS) and microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis (MAHS) using (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide (2-HETMAOH) as a template. The influence of the chemical composition of the starting sol and hydrothermal synthesis parameters, i.e., MW power, heating time, number of synthesis steps, conditions on the formation of zeolite by MAHS and CHS methods were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and IR spectroscopy. Zeolites obtained by conventional heating had irregular shapes, while these form microwave irradiation had regular rounded shapes. In both cases, in the presence of template, samples contained particles with sizes between 12 and 15 μm, and the samples without a template had spherical morphology with average particle size of 6 μm.
Micro-Space Synthesis of Core–Shell-Type Semiconductor Nanocrystals for Thermosensing
Authors: Lee Chan-Gi , Uehara Masato , Yamaguchi Yoshiko , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Maeda Hideaki 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals possess characteristic dependence on temperature, thus making them good candidates for temperature sensors. We synthesized CdSe and CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS core/shell-type semiconductor nanocrystals using a microreactor and optimized the structure of composite semiconductor nanocrystals to obtain high quantum yield with high stability for thermosensing.
Biophoton the language of the cells: What can living systems tell us about interaction?
Authors: da Nbrega Carlos Augusto Moreira 
Published: April 2007

With the aid of new technologies, science has found creative ways to investigate nature. Through the use of a highly sensitive, low-noise, cooled camera, previously applied to exploring dark sky, scientific laboratories around the world have been looking at the weak emission of light
from cells in a living organism. Biophoton emission, as so-called by Fritz Albert Popp, was introduced to science in the 1920s by the Russian embryologist Alexander Gurwitsh, receiving the name of mitogenetic rays.
Since 1974, systematic research carried out by Fritz Albert Popp and his
colleagues in many parts of the world has been focused on conducting experiments and working towards a biophoton theory to inform us about its properties. One of the main hypotheses is that biophoton plays an important biological function and due to evidence of coherence of its light, i.e.
a high degree of order with an extremely stable intensity (Bischof 2005), biophoton is supposed to operate as a biological laser, able to manage a network of information in the organism as well as to form electromagnetic field patterns.
Interactive art based on digital technologies uses
numerical data to produce interactions between our body and lit pixels on the screen. Maybe, with the correct tools and equations, data from subtle fields of energy in living systems could be used to connect different systems of information, conjugating micro and macro levels of energy.
This
paper intends to examine biophoton research as a possible model to interactive art and consider the way it could lead to new forms for perception and consciousness.
Validierung von Untersuchungsverfahren im Bereich der Virusdiagnostik / Validation of virus diagnostics tests
Authors: Rabenau Holger F. , Kortenbusch Marhild , Berger Annemarie , Steinhorst Andreas 
Published: April 2007

Zusammenfassung
In den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten hat die Diagnostik viraler Infektionen wesentlich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Neben kostengünstigen Untersuchungen ist es insbesondere für den Arzt und die Patienten wichtig, schnelle und richtige Untersuchungsergebnisse von den Laboratorien zu erhalten. Die Richtigkeit der Untersuchungsergebnisse hängt von verschiedenen Faktoren ab. Besonders wichtig ist die Eignung und Leistungsfähigkeit des benutzten Tests bzw. Untersuchungsverfahrens.
Gemäß der DIN EN ISO 15189 „Medizinische Laboratorien – besondere Anforderungen an die Qualität und Kompetenz“ und der In-vitro-Diagnostika-Richtlinie dürfen nur Tests bzw. Untersuchungsverfahren eingesetzt werden, deren Eignung und Leistungsfähigkeit ermittelt und nachgewiesen wurde.
Die Darlegung der Eignung und Leistungsfähigkeit – die so genannte Validierung – wird allerdings in beiden Dokumenten nur in allgemeiner Form angesprochen. Für den Bereich der Virusdiagnostik wurde daher ein Leitfaden erstellt, in dem die Mindestanforderungen an die Validierung konkretisiert werden. Dabei wird zwischen kommerziellen CE-gekennzeichneten Tests und In-house-Tests sowie zwischen den verschiedenen in der Virusdiagnostik zur Anwendung kommenden Methoden unterschieden.
Prognosis in non-metastatic colorectal cancer: multivariate evaluation of preoperative levels of six tumor markers in addition to clinical parameters / Multivariate Analyse der prognostischen Aussagekraft von sechs präoperativen Tumormarkern zusätzlich zu klinischen Parametern beim nicht metastasierten kolorektalen Karzinom
Authors: Hofmann Dominik , Nagel Dorothea , Lau-Werner Ulla , Wichmann Matthias W. , Hornung Hans-Martin , Stenman Ulf H. , Schalhorn Andreas , Stieber Petra 
Published: April 2007

Abstract

Background: In addition to carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), several oncological biomarkers have been described to be of prognostic relevance in colorectal cancer. Currently, it is still unclear which of these markers are able to provide additive information to established prognostic factors in non-metastatic colorectal cancer.

Methods: We investigated whether tumor markers have additive prognostic value to tumor stage in 458 patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Preoperative serum levels of CEA, cancer antigen (CA) 19-9, CA 242, CA 72-4, CYFRA 21-1 and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGβ) were analyzed.

Results: For evaluating disease-free survival (DFS) and overall tumor-related survival (OTS), based on recommendations for adjuvant treatment, patients were divided into the good prognosis group (GPG: colon cancer stage I-II or rectal cancer stage I) and the bad prognosis group (BPG) consisting of the remaining patients with indication for adjuvant treatment. Evaluating tumor markers, linearity was tested. In case of non-linearity a cut-off value was determined. Log (CEA) showed linearity in the GPG and BPG. In the GPG, CEA was the only significant tumor marker, whereas in the BPG, CEA, CA 19-9, CA 242 and CA 72-4 were significant predictors. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, T stage (T3 or T4) and CEA proved independent relevance in the GPG, whereas T4, N2, site, CEA and CA 19-9 were independent predictors in the BPG.

Conclusions: CEA and possibly CA 19-9 have additional prognostic value besides tumor stage and, therefore, should be included in the decision for adjuvant treatment.
Menopausal status and factors affecting cessation of menses in the region of Bonn, Germany
Authors: Pierl C. , Rabstein S. , Harth V. , Brüning T. , Brauch H. , Fischer H. , Hamann U. , Justenhoven C. , Ko Y. , Pesch B. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Because of the high prevalence of hormone use and reproductive surgeries in Western women natural menopause is a less frequent condition. Our aim was to examine the influences of hormonal and other factors on timing of cessation of menses. We analysed population controls of a German case-control study on breast cancer risks. The sample comprised N=829 women without hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy. We estimated the risk for the occurrence of last menses by Cox proportional hazard modelling. For calculating hazard rate ratios (HRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) women with menstrual cycles up to one year before interview were censored at that age. Median age at cessation of menses was 50 years (inter-quartile range 47–53 years). A significant later cessation of menses resulted from oral contraceptive use (HRR 0.74, 95% CI 0.59–0.93 for up to 10 years), and hormone therapy use until last menses (HRR 0.57, 95% CI 0.47–0.70). Also, thyroidal medications were associated with a delayed cessation of menses (HRR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42–0.96 for more than 10 years of use). Smoking until at least two years before last menses and allergies revealed an earlier cessation of bleedings (HRR 1.50, 95% CI 1.22–1.83 and HRR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07–1.53 respectively). Natural menopause is difficult to determine. Factors affecting the ovaries or the endocrine system can modulate timing of menopause. Endocrine biomarkers should be additionally taken into account when defining menopausal status.
Late‐onset cobalamin‐C disorder: A challenging diagnosis
Authors: Ben‐Omran Tawfeg I. , Wong Hubert , Blaser Susan , Feigenbaum Annette 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCobalamin‐C (cblC) disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to defective intracellular cobalamin metabolism. There are few (13) reported patients of the late‐onset presentation of cblC disease with paucity of detailed clinical descriptions. This results in this condition being easily missed. In this report, we describe clinical and biochemical findings of two unrelated patients with late‐onset cblC disease who presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Serial MRI images are provided for one of these patients. Presumptive diagnosis was made with urine and plasma biochemical markers and confirmed with fibroblast analysis. These patients illustrate the challenging diagnosis of this disease and also report on the rare associated findings of vasculopathy and mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction. Mutation analysis of the MMACHC gene showed that both patients were homozygous for 394C → T which suggests a founder effect. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laminectomies and achondroplasia: Does body mass index influence surgical outcomes?
Authors: Ain Michael C. , Chang Tai‐Li , Schkrohowsky Joshua G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObesity is a widespread and potentially serious health problem in individuals with achondroplasia. In addition to obesity, such individuals commonly experience lumbar spinal stenosis. Although laminectomies have long been the method of choice for thorough lumbar decompression, to the best of our knowledge, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and surgical outcomes after laminectomy in patients with achondroplasia has not been investigated in a large patient population. Through a retrospective medical record review of the initial laminectomies of all individuals with achondroplasia at our institution for whom adequate records were available, we evaluated the influence of BMI on surgical outcomes after laminectomy via four criteria: (1) change in Rankin score; (2) change in walking distance; (3) intra‐operative and post‐operative complications; and (4) need for subsequent revision laminectomies. The 49 individuals (mean BMI: 31.5 kg/m2 at the time of laminectomy) were stratified into the standard BMI categories: normal (<25 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), obese Class I (30–34.9 kg/m2), and a combined obese Class II (35–39.9 kg/m2) and obese Class III (>40 kg/m2). Our analysis indicated that there was no statistical difference between these groups in terms of the four criteria. When the study group was categorized into non‐obese (normal weight and overweight) and obese (obese Classes I and II/III) groups, there was also no statistically significant improvement difference in terms the same four criteria. Our data suggest that obesity does not pose additional risks to laminectomy in individuals with achondroplasia. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential effects of trisomy on brain shape and volume in related aneuploid mouse models
Authors: Aldridge Kristina , Reeves Roger H. , Olson Lisa E. , Richtsmeier Joan T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) results from inheritance of three copies of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). Individuals with DS have a significantly smaller brain size overall and a disproportionately small cerebellum. The small cerebellum is seen in Ts65Dn mice, which have segmental trisomy for orthologs of about half the genes on Hsa21 and provide a genetic model for DS. While small cerebellar size is well‐established in mouse and humans, much less is known about the shape of the brain in trisomy. Here we conduct a morphometric analysis of the whole brain and cerebellum in Ts65Dn mice and show that the differences with euploid littermates are largely a function of volume and not of shape. This is not the case in two aneuploid mouse models that have fewer genes orthologous to Hsa21 than Ts65Dn. Ts1Rhr is trisomic for genes corresponding to the so‐called Down syndrome critical region (DSCR), which was purported to contain a dosage sensitive gene or genes responsible for many phenotypes of DS. Ms1Rhr is monosomic for the same segment. These models show effects on cerebellum and overall brain that are different from each other and from Ts65Dn. These models can help to identify the contributions of genes from different regions of the chromosome on this and other aspects of brain development in trisomy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gas sorption in semicrystalline rubbery polymers revisited
Authors: López‐González Mar , Compañ Vicente , Riande Evaristo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis work reports the solubility of carbon dioxide, ethylene and propylene in low density polyethylenes with densities lying in the range 0.870–0.940 g/cm3. The sorption behavior is studied as a function of the crystallinity in terms of the Flory‐Huggins theory of polymer solutions. For each gas, both the Henry's solubility constant referred to the amorphous phase of the films and its temperature dependence do not change significantly with the crystallinity of the LDPE films. The enthalpic polymer–gas interaction changes with the nature of the gases, but not with the crystallinity of the films. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Cure characteristics, morphology, and mechanical properties of ethylene–propylene–diene–monomer rubber/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber blends
Authors: Manoj K. C. , Unnikrishnan G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBlends based on ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber (EPDM) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) was prepared. Sulfur was used as the vulcanizing agent. The effects of blend ratio on the cure characteristics and mechanical properties, such as stress–strain behavior, tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, rebound resilience, and abrasion resistance have been investigated. Tensile and tear strength showed synergism for the blend containing 30% of NBR, which has been explained in terms of morphology of the blends attested by scanning electron micrographs. A relatively cocontinuous morphology was observed for 70 : 30, EPDM/NBR blend system. The experimental results have been compared with the relevant theoretical models. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Amphiphilic block copolymers based on methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) and either crystalline or amorphous poly(caprolactone‐b‐lactide): Synthesis, solid‐state and aqueous solution characterizations
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Li‐Qun , Wang Hongjun , Tu Kehua , Liu Li 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAmphiphilic block copolymers consisting of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) and either crystalline poly(caprolactone‐b‐L‐lactide) [P(CL‐LLA)]or amorphous poly(caprolactone‐b‐D,L‐lactide) [P(CL‐DLLA)], respectively, were prepared under mild conditions using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as coupling agent. Micelles were formed from the resultant copolymers with predetermined hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks in water by dialysis method. The composition and structure of the copolymers were characterized by1H‐NMR,13C‐NMR, and GPC measurements. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed that the crystallization behavior of P(CL‐LLA) block is affected significantly by the molecular weight of the conjugated mPEG block, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of P(CL‐DLLA) block is depressed by the existence of mPEG moiety in the block copolymer. The crystallization behavior was also characterized by the technique of polarized light microscopy. The hydrodynamic diameter and size distribution of micelles were determined by particle size measurements. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that P(CL‐LLA)‐b‐mPEG block copolymer self‐aggregated into thread‐like shape in water, whereas P(CL‐DLLA)‐b‐mPEG adopted a classical spherical shape. It is suggested that both the high enthalpy of crystallization and hydrophobicity of P(CL‐LLA) core‐forming blocks would be responsible for the thread‐like morphology. A possible mechanism for the thread‐like assembly morphology was also discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Isothermal crystallization of HDPE/octamethyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites: Role of POSS as a nanofiller
Authors: Joshi M. , Butola B. S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe isothermal crystallization of HDPE/POSS (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) nanocomposites (POSS content varying from 0.25 to 10 wt %) was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The Avrami model could successfully describe the isothermal crystallization behavior of the nanocomposites. The value of Avrami exponent (n) varies between 2 and 2.5 for all the compositions studied. For a given composition, the values vary with crystallization temperature and in general increased with POSS content up to 1 wt % POSS content and decreased thereafter. The presence of POSS was found to increase the rate of crystallization, which manifested itself in the increased value of the Avrami rate constant (K) and reduced value of crystallization half‐time (t1/2). The rate of crystallization peaked at 1 wt % POSS content and was almost constant at higher POSS loadings. X‐ray diffraction studies revealed that POSS exists as nanocrystals in HDPE matrix while some POSS gets dispersed at molecular level too. It is observed that only the POSS dispersed at molecular level acts as a nucleating agent while the POSS nanocrystals do not affect the crystallization process. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Architecture of the primary taste center of Drosophila melanogaster larvae
Authors: Colomb Julien , Grillenzoni Nicola , Ramaekers Ariane , Stocker Reinhard F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA simple nervous system combined with stereotypic behavioral responses to tastants, together with powerful genetic and molecular tools, have turned Drosophila larvae into a very promising model for studying gustatory coding. Using the Gal4/UAS system and confocal microscopy for visualizing gustatory afferents, we provide a description of the primary taste center in the larval central nervous system. Essentially, gustatory receptor neurons target different areas of the subesophageal ganglion (SOG), depending on their segmental and sensory organ origin. We define two major and two smaller subregions in the SOG. One of the major areas is a target of pharyngeal sensilla, the other one receives inputs from both internal and external sensilla. In addition to such spatial organization of the taste center, circumstantial evidence suggests a subtle functional organization: aversive and attractive stimuli might be processed in the anterior and posterior part of the SOG, respectively. Our results also suggest less coexpression of gustatory receptors than proposed in prior studies. Finally, projections of putative second‐order taste neurons seem to cover large areas of the SOG. These neurons may thus receive multiple gustatory inputs. This suggests broad sensitivity of secondary taste neurons, reminiscent of the situation in mammals. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:834–847, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of a spherically symmetric anharmonic oscillator
Authors: Isaacson David , Marchesin Dan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe show that the operator Hs has a complete set of eigenfunctions magnified image and eigenvalues magnified image, which satisfy magnified image [2l(l + 1) ‐ (3n2 + 3n + 1)]s + o(s) and lims→0 magnified image magnified image= 0. The functions magnified image are given in spherical coordinates as a product of generalized Laguerre functions and spherical harmonics.
Formation of singularities for wave equations including the nonlinear vibrating string
Authors: Klainerman Sergiu , Majda Andrew 
Published: April 2007

AbstractUnder very general assumptions, the authors prove that smooth solutions of quasilinear wave equations with small‐amplitude periodic initial data always develop singularities in the second derivatives in finite time. One consequence of these results is the fact that all solutions of the classical nonlinear vibrating string equation satisfying either Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions and with sufficiently small nontriviai initial data necessarily develop singularities. In particular, there are no nontrivial smooth small‐amplitude time‐periodic solutions.
Local boundary regularity of holomorphic mappings
Authors: Nirenberg L. , Webster S. , Yang P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLet f be a holomorphic mapping between two bounded domains D and D' in complex space ℂn. Suppose that D and D' contain smooth real hypersurfaces Γ and Γ′ as open subsets of their respective boundaries, which correspond under a continuous extension of f. We shall show that this extension is smooth, given certain restrictions on Γ, Γ, and f.