bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of research on MnS inclusions in high‐quality steel
Authors: Song Yan , Zhang Hainan , Ren Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMnS which has good plasticity is a non‐metallic inclusion commonly found in steel. For most steel types, the size, shape, and distribution of MnS have a significant influence on the properties of steel. The large‐sized MnS inclusions disrupt the continuity of the steel and cause the anisotropy in steel. The result is a decline of steel's overall performance. In contrast, the small‐sized MnS inclusions which in the shape of spherical or spindle in steel can diminish the incidence of thermal embrittlement and improve the machinability of steel. The morphology of MnS in steel is mainly affected by the ingredients of steel and heat treatment manner. MnS inclusions in steel are present in spherical, polyhedral, dendritic, and irregular shapes. The precipitation behavior is mainly affected by the steel ingredients, heat treatment system, and other factors. This paper summarizes the latest research results about the factors affecting MnS inclusions and controlling measures in high‐quality steel in recent years.
Autobiographical memory following weight gain in adult patients with Anorexia Nervosa: A longitudinal study
Authors: Terhoeven Valentin , Faschingbauer Sandra , Huber Julia , Simon Joe J. , Herzog Wolfgang , Friederich Hans‐Christoph , Nikendei Christoph 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with anorexia nervosa (AN) show overgeneralization of memory (OGM) when generating autobiographical episodes related to food and body shape. These memories are central for the construction of a coherent self‐concept, interpersonal relationships, and problem‐solving abilities. The current study aims to investigate changes in autobiographical memory following weight gain.MethodsOGM was assessed with an adapted version of the Autobiographical Memory Test including food‐, body‐, depression‐related, and neutral cues. N = 41 female patients with AN (28 restricting‐, 13 binge‐eating/purging‐subtype; mean disease duration: 4.5 years; mean BMI: 14.5 kg/m2) and N = 27 healthy controls (HC) were included at baseline. After inpatient treatment (mean duration: 11 weeks), 24 patients with AN and 24 age‐matched HC were reassessed. Group differences were assessed using independent samples t‐tests for cross‐sectional comparisons and repeated measures ANOVAs for longitudinal data.ResultsAt baseline, patients with AN generated significantly fewer specific memories than HC, independent of word category (F(1.66) = 27.167, p < 0.001). During inpatient stay, the average weight gain of patients with AN was 3.1 body mass index points. At follow‐up, patients with AN showed a significant improvement in the number of specific memories for both depression‐related and neutral cues, but not for food‐ and body‐related cues.ConclusionsGeneralised OGM (i.e., independent of word category) in patients with AN before weight restoration may be a general incapacity to recall autobiographical memory. After weight gain, the previously well‐studied pattern of eating disorder‐related OGM emerges. The clinical relevance of the continuing disorder‐related OGM in patients with AN after weight gain is discussed.
Optical and electrical characterization of solar cell with nanowires mimicking antireflection coating layers considering axial and radial PN junctions
Authors: Cabrera‐España Francisco J. , Kamuka Abdullah , Khaled Awad , Hameed Mohamed F. O. , Obayya Salah S. A. , Rahman B. M. Azizur 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt has been well documented that the usage of a textured cover layer reduces reflection from the air‐solar cell interface, which ultimately enhances the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a solar cell. The most commonly used patterns, such as pyramids, micropillars, nanowires (NW), and nanoholes have been widely studied and optimized. Besides using such NWs to enhance light absorption, this work also additionally considers the concept of mimicking the antireflection coating of single or multiple layers in minimizing the reflectance and thus enhancing the total absorptance further. It is shown here that at least one order of magnitude shorter multilayer NW pattern of 268 nm total height can outperform a standard NW of 4270 nm height, which needs less material and can also be fabricated at a reduced cost. Furthermore, the proposed design with reduced height has a significantly lower surface‐to‐volume ratio, which also reduces surface recombination loss than the other textured surface patterns. The results presented in this work have been comprehensively analyzed by initially optimizing optical absorption and then completing the electrical simulations. The optimized design in conjunction with a back reflector offers an efficiency as high as 16.434%.
Water saturation characteristics of coal of different ranks and its effect on capillary pressure
Authors: Liang Zhongqiu , Zhu Chuanjie , Zhang Xiaozhe , Li Ke , Zhang Zhiyuan , Lin Baiquan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSaturation characteristics of water and capillary pressure are important for hydrofracturing or water flooding, which is widely adopted in dust suppression, methane displacement, and gas and coal outburst elimination. In this paper, we have studied the water saturation characteristics of coal samples with different coal ranks and their effect on capillary pressure. It was found that the isothermal adsorption of water vapor from coal samples can be divided into three processes: monolayer adsorption, multilayer adsorption, and capillary condensation. The dent isothermal adsorption model can well describe water vapor adsorption of coal samples, indicating water molecules were first adsorbed on the first‐order adsorption site of pore surfaces at low relative humidity and then on the second‐order adsorption site with increasing relative humidity. An obvious hysteresis occurred in the process of water imbibition and drainage. A capillary pressure of ~325 MPa or even larger was required to displace the water from the coal. Besides, micro‐ and mesopores play a more important role in capillary pressure. The capillary pressure of coal samples was positively correlated with wettability at lower water saturation, but it is not significant at higher capillary pressures. Therefore, the article's results provide a new direction for solving the water‐locking effect in coal seams.
Fragrance Encapsulates: Effect of Polymeric Shell Purification Method on the Accuracy of Biodegradability Testing
Authors: Karagianni Katerina , Kuntzmann-Dembele Fatimata , Bocokic Vladica , Charbonnier Antoine , Harrison Ian , Kreutzer Georg , Mendoza Arturo , Jenner Karen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Fragrance encapsulates are widely used in consumer care applications such as fabric softeners or other liquid laundry products; they provide multiple benefits, from fragrance protection in the commercial product to a controlled release and improved sensorial experience for the consumers. Polymeric fragrance encapsulates are in the scope of the EU regulation restricting the use of intentionally added microplastic particles, and industry is actively working on innovation programs to find biodegradable alternatives. However, particular attention needs to be paid to claims that a fragrance encapsulation system is biodegradable, because biodegradation test results can vary considerably depending on how a test material is prepared, which can even lead to false-positive biodegradation test results, as shown in our study. We demonstrate the importance of the sample preparation phase of the process. We show how the biodegradation level can fluctuate from 0% to 91%, depending on how the test material is isolated from a given microcapsule slurry system, and we present a method that can be used to obtain trustworthy biodegradation results. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1242–1249. © 2024 Givaudan France SAS. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Exploring Alternatives for Marine Toxicity Testing: Initial Evaluation of Fish Embryo and Mysid Tests
Authors: Allen Dalton S. , Wiencek Maddie M. , Kelly Michaela M. , Solomons Katie S. , Sellin Jeffries Marlo K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Current regulations require that toxicity assessments be performed using standardized toxicity testing methods, often using fish. Recent legislation in both the European Union and United States has mandated that toxicity testing alternatives implement the 3Rs of animal research (replacement, reduction, and refinement) whenever possible. There have been advances in the development of alternatives for freshwater assessments, but there is a lack of analogous developments for marine assessments. One potential alternative testing method is the fish embryo toxicity (FET) test, which uses fish embryos rather than older fish. In the present study, FET methods were applied to two marine model organisms, the sheepshead minnow and the inland silverside. Another potential alternative is the mysid shrimp survival and growth test, which uses an invertebrate model. The primary objective of the present study was to compare the sensitivity of these three potential alternative testing methods to two standardized fish-based tests using 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA), a common reference toxicant. A secondary objective was to characterize the ontogeny of sheepshead minnows and inland silversides. This provided a temporal and visual guide that can be used to identify appropriately staged embryos for inclusion in FET tests and delineate key developmental events (e.g., somite development, eyespot formation, etc.). Comparison of the testing strategies for assessing DCA indicated that: (1) the standardized fish tests possessed comparable sensitivity to each other; (2) the mysid shrimp tests possessed comparable sensitivity to the standardized fish tests; (3) the sheepshead minnow and inland silverside FET tests were the least sensitive testing strategies employed; and (4) inclusion of sublethal endpoints (i.e., hatchability and pericardial edema) in the marine FETs increased their sensitivity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1285–1299. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Causal role of vitamin E in atopic dermatitis risk: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huang Jian , Zeng Youjie , Yuan Yuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrior studies suggested that vitamin E might be beneficial in alleviating atopic dermatitis, but confirming a causal link was hindered by limitations such as sample sizes and unaccounted confounders. The present study aimed to clarify this through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. GWAS summary statistics was obtained from public databases encompassing a study on vitamin E and two studies related to atopic dermatitis. Two sets of instrumental variables (IVs) were selected using lenient (p < 1e‐5) and strict (p < 5e‐6) thresholds for separate MR analyses. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used as the primary MR method, supplemented by six additional MR methods, and followed by a meta‐analysis to consolidate the impact of vitamin E on atopic dermatitis from two independent studies. Furthermore, various sensitivity tests were performed to assess the reliability of the MR results. A meta‐analysis of IVW analyses deriving from two different atopic dermatitis cohorts under lenient IV selection thresholds demonstrated that vitamin E exhibited a significant lowering risk of atopic dermatitis effect (OR = 0.817, 95% CI: 0.673–0.991, p = .041), which was validated under strict IV selection thresholds (OR = 0.822, 95% CI: 0.709–0.954, p = .010). In addition, six other MR methods remained parallel to IVW (OR > 1). Multiple sensitivity tests showed that MR analyses were not affected by heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. Overall, this MR study supported vitamin E reducing the risk of atopic dermatitis. Consequently, maintaining an adequate intake of vitamin E could potentially serve as an effective preventive measure against atopic dermatitis.
Coupled simulations and parameter inversion for neural system and electrophysiological muscle models
Authors: Homs‐Pons Carme , Lautenschlager Robin , Schmid Laura , Ernst Jennifer , Göddeke Dominik , Röhrle Oliver , Schulte Miriam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe functioning of the neuromuscular system is an important factor for quality of life. With the aim of restoring neuromuscular function after limb amputation, novel clinical techniques such as the agonist‐antagonist myoneural interface (AMI) are being developed. In this technique, the residual muscles of an agonist‐antagonist pair are (re‐)connected via a tendon in order to restore their mechanical and neural interaction. Due to the complexity of the system, the AMI can substantially profit from in silico analysis, in particular to determine the prestretch of the residual muscles that is applied during the procedure and determines the range of motion of the residual muscle pair. We present our computational approach to facilitate this. We extend a detailed multi‐X model for single muscles to the AMI setup, that is, a two‐muscle‐one‐tendon system. The model considers subcellular processes as well as 3D muscle and tendon mechanics and is prepared for neural process simulation. It is solved on high performance computing systems. We present simulation results that show (i) the performance of our numerical coupling between muscles and tendon and (ii) a qualitatively correct dependence of the range of motion of muscles on their prestretch. Simultaneously, we pursue a Bayesian parameter inference approach to invert for parameters of interest. Our approach is independent of the underlying muscle model and represents a first step toward parameter optimization, for instance, finding the prestretch, to be applied during surgery, that maximizes the resulting range of motion. Since our multi‐X fine‐grained model is computationally expensive, we present inversion results for reduced Hill‐type models. Our numerical results for cases with known ground truth show the convergence and robustness of our approach.
Wetland landscapes in the Southern Maya Lowlands (Naachtun, Guatemala) from the ancient agroecosystems to the tropical biosphere reserve: Ecology, exploitation and management of water and soil resources, and heritage legacy
Authors: Castanet Cyril , Fernandes Amaury , Mokadem Fatima , Hatté Christine , Gauthier Caroline , Develle‐Vincent Anne‐Lise , Cavero Julien , Dru Hugo , Virmoux Clément , Sipos Gyorgy , Dussol Lydie , Nondédéo Philippe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the Biosphere Reserve of the Maya Lowlands, the large‐scale characterisation of the current wetlands ecology and the exploitation and management of their natural resources by the ancient Maya is severely constrained by the forest. This paper presents an integrated geomatic, geoarchaeological and ecological approach, developed to overcome this obstacle in the microregion of the Naachtun Maya city. It is based on the analysis of LiDAR, and field and laboratory data. This approach has revealed the mosaic of current ecological conditions of the wetlands, thanks to the characterisation and spatial modelling of the landforms, hydrology, vegetation and soil cover. It has enabled the characterisation of numerous hydraulic and agricultural structures: 70 large reservoirs, raised fields (the largest over 1.5 km²), canals and ditches (with a cumulative length of over 300 km) and dikes. Eight morphological types of hybrid structures—hydraulic and agricultural—are described. These constructions have enabled the intensive exploitation of water and soil resources, their management and the resulting environmental risks. This study has shown that the agroecosystems of lowland areas were created as early as ~1500 B.C.E. and evolved in a polyphasic way, until a phase of radical decline around 1000 C.E. This study has made it possible to characterise the legacy of the Maya Early Anthropocene on current wetlands, as well as their important natural and cultural heritage.
CO2 capture and dissociation on novel Ni/CaO bifunctional materials: A theoretical study
Authors: Wang Hao , Li Rongrong , Wang Enna , Zhu Zhengtong , Zhang Jianbin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCalcium‐looping dry reforming of methane (CaL‐DRM) strategy mainly relies on novel Ni/CaO‐based dual‐functional materials, in which its microscopic mechanism remains to be further explored. In this work, molecular simulation of the adsorption and dissociation processes of CO2 was performed on the surface of Ni/CaO dual‐functional materials (DFMs) based on density functional theory (DFT). The analyses of electron density, partial density of states, and formation energy suggest that the Ni/CaO model has higher stability and activity than the CaO model. The analyses of the evolution of chemical bonds, adsorption energy, density of states, and charge population after the adsorption of CO2 on the CaO surface and Ni/CaO shows that the modification with Ni made the adsorption of CO2 on Ni/CaO more stable. The transient calculations indicate that the path with the lowest activation energy is the H‐mediated dissociation path of chemisorption carboxyl COOH* as an intermediate, which is the possible dissociation path of CO2 on the surface of Ni/CaO DFMs. The dissociation of COOH* into CO* and OH* is the rate‐controlling step of the reaction. The DFT results demonstrate that the doping of Ni during the preparation of CaO materials can realize and enhance the CaL‐DRM processes, which provide a theoretical basis for the optimum preparation of Ni/CaO‐based DFMs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Healthcare Utilization of Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients in Emergency Department and Outpatient Settings: An 8‐year Population‐Based Study
Authors: MiriMoghaddam Masoud , Bohlouli Babak , Lai Hollis , Ganatra Seema , Amin Maryam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to determine trends in the healthcare utilization by Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal cancer patients across emergency department (ED) and outpatient settings in Alberta and examine the predictors of ED visits.MethodsThis is a retrospective, population‐based, cohort study using administrative data collected by all healthcare facilities between 2010 and 2019 in Alberta, Canada. Trend of visits to different facilities, patients' primary diagnosis, and predictors of ED visits were analyzed.ResultsIn total, 34% of patients had at least one cancer‐related ED visit. With a rise of 31% in cancer incidence, there was a notable upswing in visits to outpatient clinics and community offices, while ED visits decreased. Cancer stage, rural residence, high material deprivation score, and treatments were found as predictors of ED visits.ConclusionImproved symptom management and better care access for disadvantaged and rural oral cancer patients may decrease avoidable ED visits.
Exploring innovative applications of 5G in aviation medical rescue
Authors: Han Wei , Ji Zhongliang , Li Yuanting , Chen Changgen , Li Xiang , Huang Danni , Wang Junchao , Li Qin , Li Zhuang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the application and advantages of 5G technology in aeromedical rescue.MethodsThrough the analysis of 11 rescue cases, especially two cases of 5G rescus cases, such as remote video consultation, 5G module equipment, vital signs data return, and Beidou high‐precision positioning.Results5G technology significantly optimizes the rescue process, enabling real‐time monitoring, low‐airspace 5G private network coverage, advanced equipment support, collaborative operations, and seamless information connection. Its high‐speed network transmission and high‐precision positioning capabilities have promoted the development of aerial body area network disease perception technology and 5G ground–ground collaborative rapid diagnosis and treatment technology, making telemedicine more convenient, safe, and scalable.Conclusion5G technology has great potential and promotion value in the field of aeromedical rescue.
Active tuberculosis incidence among treatment failure experienced patients in North Wollow Zone: A multicenter historical cohort
Authors: Bizuneh Fassikaw Kebede , Masresha Seteamlak Adane , Yayeh Berihun Mulu , Bizuneh Tsehay Kebede 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn Ethiopia, tuberculosis (TB) is a significant cause of death among individuals living with HIV, especially in resource‐limited areas and those who have experienced treatment failure. However, there is the paucity of data regarding TB among treatment failures experienced people living with HIV. This study aimed to estimate the rate and identify predictors of tuberculosis among patients who received second‐line treatment in North Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia.MethodsA retrospective follow‐up study was conducted on 474 HIV‐infected patients who experienced treatment failure. The study period ranged from January 2015 to September 30, 2021. The incidence of TB was assessed using a Cox proportional hazard regression model, after ensuring that all assumptions were met. Factors associated with active TB were determined by analyzing adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsIn a study of 474 HIV‐positive patients on second‐line antiretroviral treatment, we found an incidence rate of 3.6% with 17 new cases of TB observed over 4412.4 persons per year (PPY). The overall incidence density rate was estimated to be 0.39 cases per 100 PPY (95% CI: 0.239–0.618). Regarding the occurrence of active TB in second‐line patients, WHO clinical treatment stage (T3 and T4), missed isoniazid preventive therapy had a significantly higher risk (AHR: 13.225, 95% CI: 2.894–60.434, p = 0.001), while being married was associated with a lower risk (AHR: 0.203, 95% CI: 0.045–0.907, p = 0.001).ConclusionA high incidence of active TB was observed shortly after initiating second‐line antiretroviral treatment. Factors such as being in the WHO clinical treatment stage (T3 and T4) and marital status were determinants for active TB. To improve overall survival rates, it is vital to enhance early TB screening and implement effective isoniazid preventive therapy.
Infants of mothers with early remitted clinical depression and mothers with no postpartum depression: Adaptive functioning in the second year of life
Authors: Bornstein Marc H. , Manian Nanmathi , Henry Lauren M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhether and how remitted clinical depression in postpartum motherhood contributes to poor infant adaptive functioning is inconclusive. The present longitudinal study examines adaptive functioning in infants of mothers diagnosed as clinically depressed at 5 months but remitted at 15 and 24 months. Fifty‐five U. S. mothers with early, remitted clinical depression and 132 mothers without postpartum depression completed the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales about their infants at 15 and 24 months. Between groups, mothers were equivalent in age, ethnicity, marital status, and receptive vocabulary (a proxy for verbal intelligence), and infants were equivalent in age and distribution of gender. Controlling for maternal education and parity, mothers with early, remitted clinical depression and mothers with no postpartum depression rated their infants similarly on communication, daily living skills, and socialization. Mothers with early, remitted clinical depression rated their infants poorer in motor skills. Girls were rated more advanced than boys in communication at 24 months and daily living skills at 15 and 24 months. Rated infant adaptive behavior skills increased from 15 to 24 months. With exceptions, adaptive functioning in infants may be robust to early, remitted maternal depression, and adaptive functioning presents a domain to promote positive development in this otherwise vulnerable population.