bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bildungsroman in Nigel King's " Twiggy in Home from Hell"
Authors: Zina Abdul-Hussein Hassan*  
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The research studies the term Bildungsroman in the story Twiggy in Home from Hell by Nigel King. The novel explores the development of the hero's personality during the stages of his childhood and adolescence until he reaches full maturity. Through the story, the hero Twiggy, who embodies the life of the writer King, is exposed to sexual abuse more than once by his caretaker, Mr. Shush.
The research aims to clarify all the previous elements of the bildungsroman that relate to the story and analyze its themes. Firstly, the physical journey that Twiggy must take to overcome sexual assault and loss of innocence. Secondly, the psychological impact of discovering his identity. Third: The social conflict that Twiggy is exposed to, his admission of mistakes, and his arrival at maturity. Finally, in light of the reformer, a contrast was made between the main character, Bone, for Allison's novel, Bastard Out of Carolina, and the main character, Twiggy, for King's novel, Twiggy in Home from Hell. It was concluded that Twiggy's story represents a bildungsroman, while Bone's story does not represent a bildungsroman, and the reason is that Bone does not arrive at discovering her identity or does not arrive to maturity to know her identity. She isolated herself from her society, unlike Twiggy, who Develops morally and psychologically according to his social environment to which he belongs and does not adopt an identity other than masculinity
“The improvement of Iraqi Non-specialist learners' writing motivation and performance through the blogging technique: A Case Study”
Authors: Lecturer. Yaghdan Ruda Mahdi  
Published: March 2024

The current study probed the impact of the blogging technique on Iraqi non-specialist students' writing motivation and competence to provide further insight into the value of weblogs in learning contexts. Convenience sampling was used to choose 50 Iraqi non-specialist students from two intact university courses to participate in the study. Next, 25 students were assigned to the experimental group, while 25 students were assigned to the control group at random. In the procedure of instructing writing skills, the experimental group's students used blogs to publish their homework, while the control group was given conventional instruction without utilizing blogs or any additional technology. Data were collected using a pretest along with a posttest that consisted of the L2 writing motivation measure and the IELTS tests for writing. The results shown that while the two groups’ writing skills and motivation increased, the blog group's students outperformed the control group, indicating the use of the blogging procedure in instructing significantly improved the writing skills and motivation of non-specialist students. Such results can have important ramifications for teachers who teach non-specialist students.
Early childhood education and care teachers’ narratives of their professional identity
Authors: Hanhikoski Essi , Sevón Eija 
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this narrative study was to examine early childhood education and care (ECEC) teachers' narratives of their professional identity. The aim was to use six narrative interviews to find out how ECEC teachers narrate their professional identity and which experiences are relevant in shaping their professional identity. In the study, identity is seen as a social construction and a narratively structured process that takes shape throughout life. As a result of the narrative analysis, three types of stories describing teachers' professional identity emerged: Biographical stories, Value stories and Interaction stories. Based on the findings, the core value of acting in the best interests of the child is an integral part of ECEC teachers' professional identity, while scarce organizational resources and interactional conflicts challenge ECEC teachers' professional identity. Professional agency, that is, the opportunity to act in accordance with professional ethics and one's values in collaboration with a multiprofessional team and colleagues, plays an important role.
Improving Citizen Security Education and Awareness in West Africa
Authors: Cann Alex 
Published: March 2024

Globally, expenditure in defence and security has been rising for the past two decades. Many reasons account for this phenomenon. Among them are increasing threats, and economic and geopolitical competitions. In Africa, not a day passes without security incidents which often results in heavy casualties leading to loss of lives and properties. Security has become a huge developmental challenge on the checklist of almost all countries in the world and this is no different in Africa in general and West Africa in particular. Every year countries in Africa invest billions of dollars in security to ensure that lives and properties are protected. These investments are in the procurement of new equipment, training and capacity building, maintenance and materiel, administration and operations. These expenditures are recurrent and often do not yield direct benefits to the country’s Gross Domestic Product as often expressed by the citizenry. Some have argued that though these huge recurrent expenditure on security are worthwhile, concerns have been expressed about the low level of citizen security education in West Africa. This is because some believe that when the citizens are well informed enough about the security threats and what they should do, incidents of security will be reduced. The paper focuses on the roles of government in citizen security education and awareness and explores the ways that citizen security education and awareness can be improved to reduce security threats and harm to the people.
Osseous metaplasia in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the kidney
Authors: Meyer Paul N. , Al‐Masri Hytham , Alkan Serhan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA 57‐year‐old female with a history of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) presented with a renal mass. Microscopic analysis of the nephrectomy specimen revealed DLBCL, confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis (CD45, CD20, CD3, pan‐keratin) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Multiple spicules of metaplastic bone were identified within the tumor mass, but not within the uninvolved kidney parenchyma. No evidence of bone or dystrophic calcification was detected on the pre‐nephrectomy computerized tomography (CT) scan. To our knowledge, this is the first incidence of osseous metaplasia occurring within DLBCL. The pathogenesis of osseous metaplasia is briefly discussed. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary adrenal natural killer/T‐cell nasal type lymphoma: First case report in adults
Authors: Thompson Michael A. , Habra Mouhammed A. , Routbort Mark J. , Holsinger F. Christopher , Perrier Nancy D. , Waguespack Steven G. , Rodriguez Maria A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe report the first case of a primary adrenal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell nasal type lymphoma in adults. The patient presented with an enlarging left adrenal mass and the initial concern was for adrenocortical carcinoma. Surgical resection revealed NK/T‐cell lymphoma. Rapid recurrence in the contralateral adrenal gland was treated with a single cycle of chemotherapy before he died due to infectious complications and progressive disease. This case demonstrates the aggressive presentation of a novel subset of primary adrenal lymphoma that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a rapidly enlarging adrenal mass. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation into the morphology and mechanical properties of melt‐drawn filaments from uncompatibilized blends of polystyrene and high‐density polyethylene
Authors: Cherian Zeena , Lehman Richard , VanNess Kenneth 
Published: November 2006

AbstractUncompatibilized immiscible blends of polystyrene (PS) and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) were melt‐processed in a single‐screw extruder fitted with a fine screen mesh and capillary die and were further drawn into filaments to produce near‐nanoscale immiscible domains. The resultant morphologies and mechanical properties were studied for these structures in which load transfer is achieved solely by mechanical linkages between blend domains. The morphology of the blends revealed co‐continuity approximately in the range of 45–47 volume percent PS. The development of a three‐dimensional co‐continuous network in 45 vol% PS, as revealed by morphology observations, was also related to a decrease in extruder output rate in this region, an indicator of the melt interaction of the two phases as co‐continuity is achieved. Image analysis revealed submicron fibrillar structures near the phase inversion composition where domain sizes ranged from 6–220 nm with an average domain size of 90 nm. Tensile modulus increased with increasing PS content (E = 2.7 GPa at 47% PS) over the entire blend range with values greater than the rule of mixtures up to 50% PS. Strain to failure did not seem to be influenced by co‐continuous morphologies and the fine dispersion of PS domains appears to constrain the fundamentally high strain of HDPE. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1616–1625, 2007
Modeling solubility of gases in semicrystalline polyethylene
Authors: Yao Wenjuan , Hu Xiaoping , Yang Yongrong 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn absorption model of gases in semicrystalline polymer was built that was based on the activity coefficient theory in polymer solution and associated with crystallinity dependent on temperature. The solubility of ethylene, isopentane, and n‐hexane in three types of polyethylene (PE) were obtained by the use of a pressure‐decay method at temperatures of 333–363 K and pressures of up to 2 MPa, 80–300 KPa, and 19–100 KPa, respectively. Experimental data from three gases in each PE sample were used for the single‐parameter fitting, and fitting error was within about 12%. It was found that a single parameter was merely dependent on the properties of PE used. It was shown that, unlike with the Flory–Huggins model and the UNIFAC–M‐H method, correlation between the crystallinity of the semicrystalline polymer and temperature had to be taken into account in order for the solubility data of alkane, olefin, and aromatic hydrocarbons in polyethylene to fit well, especially in the temperature range near the melting point of the polymer. The four free‐energy contributions to the total gas activity were experimentally determined to be about 47%–60% combined, the free‐volume contribution about 12%–25%, and the elastic effect about 22%–35%, but the interactional contribution was zero. The contributions changed with the size of the gas molecules. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1737–1744, 2007
Mechanical properties of short‐isora‐fiber‐reinforced natural rubber composites: Effects of fiber length, orientation, and loading; alkali treatment; and bonding agent
Authors: Mathew Lovely , Joseph Rani 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA series of short‐isora‐fiber‐reinforced natural rubber composites were prepared by the incorporation of fibers of different lengths (6, 10, and 14 mm) at 15 phr loading and at different concentrations (10, 20, 30, and 40 phr) with a 10 mm fiber length. Mixes were also prepared with 10 mm long fibers treated with a 5% NaOH solution. The vulcanization parameters, processability, and stress–strain properties of these composites were analyzed. Properties such as tensile strength, tear strength, and tensile modulus were found to be at maximum for composites containing longitudinally oriented fibers 10 mm in length. Mixes containing fiber loadings of 30 phr with bonding agent (resorcinol‐formaldehyde [RF] resin) showed mechanical properties superior to all other composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were carried out to investigate the fiber surface morphology, fiber pullout, and fiber–rubber interface. SEM studies showed that the bonding between the fiber and rubber was improved with treated fibers and with the use of bonding agent. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1640–1650, 2007
Study of an epoxy system cured with different diamines by differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Ramírez C. , Rico M. , López J. , Montero B. , Montes R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractKinetic and cured reaction experiments for five systems based on the epoxy resin diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured with the diamines 1,3‐bisaminomethylcyclohexane, 4‐4′‐diaminediphenylmetane, 1,4‐phenylediamine, 4‐4′(1,3‐phenylenediisopropylidene) bisaniline, and 4‐4′metilenebis(2,6‐dietilaniline) were carried out by differential scanning calorimetry. Kinetic analysis was performed using dynamic experiments through the Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods. The isothermal experimental data showed an autocatalytic behavior compared with the model proposed by Kamal. Activation energy and kinetic parameters were determined by fitting experimental data. This model provided a good description of the cure kinetics up to onset of vitrification. Diffusion control was incorporated to describe the postvitrification region. By combining the autocatalytic model and the diffusion factor, it was possible to predict the cure kinetics over the whole conversion range. The behavior of the cure kinetics of the DGEBA was similar with all the diamines used. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1759–1768, 2007
Novel method for preparation of polyurethane elastomers with improved thermal stability and electrical insulating properties
Authors: Yeganeh Hamid , Talemi Pejman Hojati , Jamshidi Sadegh 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA novel method was developed for the preparation of polyurethane with enhanced thermal stability and electrical insulation properties via the reaction of epoxy‐terminated polyurethane prepolymer (EPU) and poly(amic acid) (PAA). EPUs were synthesized from the reaction of glycidol with NCO‐terminated polyurethane prepolymers, which were prepared from the reaction of polycaprolactone‐based polyol (CAPA) of different molecular weights and some commercially available diisocyanates including hexamethylene diisocyante, toluene diisocyanate, and 4,4′‐methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate). PAA was prepared from the reaction of equimolar amounts of pyromellitic dianhydride and oxydianiline. The effects of PAA content, the nature of diisocyanate, and the molecular weight of CAPA on the mechanical, thermal, thermomechanical, and electrical properties of the final networks were investigated. The crosslink density of the samples was determined according to an equilibrium swelling method using the Flory–Rehner equation and was correlated to the structure of the final polymers. Gel content and activation energy of network formation in the absence and the presence of a tertiary amine catalyst were also studied. The results showed considerable improvement in the thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties compared to those of other common polyurethanes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1776–1785, 2007
Supercritical gas–polymer interactions with applications in the petroleum industry. Determination of thermophysical properties
Authors: Boyer Séverine A. E. , Klopffer Marie‐Hélène , Martin Joseph , Grolier Jean‐Pierre E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe knowledge of chemical equilibria in {gas–polymer} systems plays an essential role as regards the safety of transport of petroleum products in polymer‐made pipes. Thermophysical properties of thermoplastic semicrystalline polymers are key data for the development of several engineering applications. These applications require the investigation of the behavior of a polymer, in the solid state i.e., between glass‐transition temperature Tg and melting‐transition temperature Tm, submitted to the triple thermal, barometric, and chemical constraint. The chemical stress results from supercritical fluid sorption. The relatively high temperature and pressure, industrial operating conditions, require for laboratory investigations the use of sophisticated experimental instrumentation in which such extreme conditions can be reproduced. In this context, coupling gas solubility and swelling techniques (VW‐PVT) on the one hand, calorimetry and PVT techniques (PCSC) on the other hand, over extended temperature and pressure ranges, provide a wide spectrum of thermophysical and thermomechanical properties like solubility and isobaric thermal expansion, in absence or in presence of solubilized gases. Selected examples taken in the petroleum industry, dealing with different polymers [medium density polyethylene, poly(vinylidene fluoride)] in presence of gases (carbon dioxide CO2, nitrogen N2), serve to illustrate the importance of gas solubility (VW‐PVT) (Boyer and Grolier, Polymer 2005, 46, 3737) data and of heats of interaction (PCSC) measurements (Randzio et al., Fr. Pat. 9109227, Pol. Pat. 295285; Randzio, Chem Soc Rev 1996, 25, 383; Boyer et al., J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 2006, 44, 185) in the broad field of applied polymer thermodynamics. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1706–1722, 2007
Polyetherols obtained from 6‐aminouracil and oxiranes
Authors: Chmiel‐Szukiewicz Elżbieta 
Published: November 2006

AbstractReactions of 6‐aminouracil with an excess of oxiranes (ethylene oxide and propylene oxide) in dimethylsulfoxide in the presence of triethylamine as a catalyst leads to polyetherols with a 1,3‐pyrimidine ring. The products are analyzed using IR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopies. The physical properties and thermal stability of the prepared polyetherols are investigated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1466–1472, 2007
Urea–formaldehyde‐resin gel time as affected by the pH value, solid content, and catalyst
Authors: Xing Cheng , Zhang S. Y. , Deng James , Wang Siqun 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the resin solid content, catalyst content, and pH value obtained by the addition of two kinds of catalysts on the gel time of a urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin. Upon the addition of ammonium chloride, the pH value of the resin mixture decreased to 7 but not significantly further because of the limited free formaldehyde in the system. The pH values of the critical points, at which the resin‐curing rate dramatically increased and the gel time was reduced, were above 7 for both catalysts. To achieve the same gel time, the required pH value of the UF resin adjusted with ammonium chloride was higher than that of the resin modified by hydrochloric acid. This indicated that the main effects of ammonium chloride on the UF‐resin cure included both the release of hydrochloric acid and the catalysis of the reactants in the UF‐resin system. The gel time of the UF resin obviously decreased with increasing catalyst and resin solid contents and with decreasing pH. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1566–1569, 2007
In situ preparation and properties of high‐solid‐content and low‐viscosity poly(methyl methacrylate/n‐butyl acrylate/acrylic acid)/poly(styrene/acrylic acid) composite latexes
Authors: Ai Zhao‐Quan , Zhou Qi‐Long , Xie Chang‐Sheng , Zhang Hong‐Tao 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWith monodispersed poly(methyl methacrylate/n‐butyl acrylate/acrylic acid) [P(MMA/BA/AA)] seeded latex with a particle size of 485 nm and a solid content of 50 wt % as a medium, a series of stable P(MMA/BA/AA)/poly(styrene/acrylic acid) composite latexes with a high solid content (70 wt %) and low viscosities (500–1000 mPa · s when the shear rate was 21 s−1) was prepared in situ via simple two‐step semicontinuous monomer adding technology. The coagulum ratio of polymerization was about 0.05 wt %. The particle size distribution of such latexes was bimodal, in which the large particle was about 589 nm and the small one was about 80 nm. The latexes combined good mechanical properties with good film‐forming properties. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the corresponding latex film had a two‐phase structure. The morphology of the latex film was characterized with atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1815–1825, 2007
Impact of H+ ion beam irradiation on Matrimid®. II. Evolution in gas transport properties
Authors: Hu Ling , Xu Xinglong , Coleman Maria R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIon beam irradiation is an easily controlled method to modify the chemical structure and microstructure of polymers including the fractional free volume, free volume distribution and chain mobility, thus altering the gas transport properties of the irradiated polymers. The previous paper focused on the impact of H+ ion beam irradiation on chemical structural evolution of the polyimide Matrimid®. This paper focuses on the impact of H+ ion beam irradiation on microstructure and gas permeation properties of Matrimid®. Irradiation at low ion fluence resulted in slight decreases in permeabilities for five gases (i.e., He, CO2, O2, N2, and CH4) with increases in permselectivities for some gas pairs (e.g., He/CH4 and He/N2). In contrast, irradiation at relatively high ion fluences resulted in simultaneous increases in permeabilities and permselectivities for most gas pairs (e.g., He/CH4, He/N2, O2/N2, and CO2/CH4). While Matrimid® has bulk gas permeation properties that are below the range of commercially interesting polymers, samples irradiated at high ion fluences exhibited significant improvement in gas separation performances. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1670–1680, 2007
Reciprocal influence of succinimide and oligodiene‐ and oligoolefin‐based sulfur‐containing alkylphenols
Authors: Biglova R. Z. , Galimzyanova A. U. , Talipov R. F. , Gerchikov A. Ya. , Khairullina V. R. , Zaikov G. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractReciprocal influence of antioxidizing and detergent‐dispersive components of batch additives have been studied. Oligomers of piperylene and isobutylene functionalized by element sulfur and phenols in combination with succinimide have been chosen as the object of research. Constants of inhibition rates have been determined for oligomer antioxidizing agents. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1842–1846, 2007
pH‐response superabsorbant hydrogel synthesized by ultraviolet photopolymerization
Authors: Ruan Weiqing , Lian Yanqing , Zhen Tao , Huang Luning , Qiao Jinliang 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA new synthesis method of pH‐response superabsorbent hydrogels (SHG) was achieved by direct ultraviolet (UV) photopolymerization, and in particular, the synthesis of SHGs of acrylic acid (AA), sodium acrylate (AANa), and methacrylcholine chloride (MACC) tricomponent copolymer by UV photopolymerization were investigated. The pH value responsive behavior of SHG with different monomer ratios of MACC and AA was researched, and SHG showed large swelling properties at pH value approximately 7. Influences of monomer ratio (mol) of AANa to AA, photoinitiators, crosslinking agents, and exposure time of UV light on the water absorbent properties were studied. The results showed that the water absorbent capacity of SHG based on photoinitiators: Esacure KTO46 or Irgacure 651 can reach comparatively high, N,N′‐Methylene bisacrylamide and diethylene glycol diacrylate (DEGDA) were high efficient crosslinking agents for its crosslinking the molecular chains through attending the copolymerization with monomers. When the exposure time was 10 min, the distilled water absorbency of SHG was 1503 mL/g under the condition: content of MACC, 14.3 wt %; monomer ratio (mol) of AANa to AA: 5.67; content of DEGDA and Irgacure 651, 0.0025 and 0.25 wt %. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1847–1852, 2007