bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Preparation of Monodispersed α-Iron(III) Oxide Particles from 2,2′-Bipyridineiron(II) Complex
Authors: Hamada Shuichi , Kudo Yoshiyuki , Matsumoto Takanobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Monodispersed α-iron(III) oxide (hematite) particles were produced from an iron(II) chloride/2,2′-bipyridine system in the presence of potassium nitrate at elevated temperatures, 90–100 °C. An aqueous solution of 2,2′-bipyridineiron(II) complex directly gave spherical hematite particles (0.35 μm in size with a relative standard deviation of 0.09) under the conditions of 1.0×10−3 mol dm−3 FeCl2, 3.0×10−3 mol dm−3 2.2′-bipyridine, 6.0×10−3 mol dm−3 HCl, and 5.0×10−2 mol dm−3 KNO3 at 100 °C for 8 h. The oxidation of iron(II) ions would be slower than the dissociation of the complex and precipitation during the course of aging. The hematite particles grew through the polynuclear layers mechanism. Iron(II) sulfate/2,2′-bipyridine mixed solutions were also capable of yielding monodispersed particles, though they were a mixture of hematite and α-iron(III) hydroxide oxide (goethite). The points of zero charge (PZC) of these particles were estimated as pH 7.7 and 7.5 for those obtained from the iron(II) chloride and sulfate/2,2′-bipyridine systems, respectively.
Interaction between Disodium 1,14-Tetradecanediyl Disulfate and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate or Poly(oxyethylene) Nonyl Phenyl Ether on Alumina
Authors: Esumi Kunio , Asano Yuki , Sakamoto Yuichi , Meguro Kenjiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The interactions between disodium 1,14-tetradecanediyl disulfate (α,ωC14) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or poly(oxyethylene) nonyl phenyl ether (NP 7.5) on α-alumina have been studied by measuring the zeta potential, the mean particle size, the amounts of surfactants adsorbed, and the fluorescence spectra of pyrene. When α,ωC14, SDS, or NP 7.5 as a second additive is added to alumina previously flocculated by the addition of SDS or α,ωC14, as a first additive, the flocculated alumina redisperses in the α,ωC14–SDS and α,ωC14–NP 7.5 systems. For the α,ωC14–SDS and α,ωC14–NP 7.5 systems, the redispersion of alumina proceeds in such a manner that the hydrophobic parts of SDS or NP 7.5 are in contact with the α,ωC14-coated alumina and the hydrophilic polar groups direct out to aqueous solution, resulting in the formation of mixed bilayers on the alumina, while for the α,ωC14–SDS system the adsorption of SDS on the α,ωC14-coated alumina is not enough to attain the redispersion of alumina. The measurement of the ratio I1⁄I3 of intensities of the first and third vibrionic bands of the pyrene monomer fluorescence spectra indicates that pyrene is solubilized in a much lower polar site for the α,ωC14–SDS mixed bilayer than for the mixed bilayer of α,ωC14–NP 7.5.
Thermodynamic Study on the Extraction of Cobalt Complex with 8-Quinolinol into 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Authors: Yamada Etsu , Nakayama Eiichiro , Sato Masanori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The extraction behavior of cobalt(II) into 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE) with 8-quinolinol (HQ) from an aqueous solution in the presence of various inorganic anions (X−) such as perchlorate, nitrate, and chloride ions was studied themodynamically. The extraction equation can be written as
2Co2++6HQ(o)+X−\ightleftarrowsCo2Q3(HQ)3+(o)+X(o)−+3H+
The ion-pair of the binuclear complex (complex ion-pair) dissociates to a complex cation and an inorganic anion in the organic phase. The extraction constant increases in proportion to the radius of the counter anion. Changes in the enthalpy and entropy are negative for the overall extraction of cobalt with 8-quinolinol. These thermodynamic parameters were compared with those of zinc and cadmium. The temperature effect on the extraction behavior of cobalt with 8-quinolinol was also investigated in a chloroform system for comparison.
The Solubility of (Biphenyl, Naphthalene)–(Benzene, Cyclohexane, 1-Octanol) Binary Mixtures in Water
Authors: Sanemasa Isao , Kumamaru Masaya , Ishibashi Kazunari , Deguchi Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The solubility in water at 25 °C of binary mixed solutes, combinations of biphenyl and naphthalene with benzene, cyclohexane, and 1-octanol, was measured using a shake-flask method. As a function of biphenyl or naphthalene mole fraction, activity coefficients of biphenyl and naphthalene in benzene, cyclohexane, and 1-octanol, and those of benzene in biphenyl–benzene and naphthalene–benzene binary systems have been determined.
Structures of Three Diastereomers of trans(N-Ph, N-Ph)-2,4-Pentanedionatobis(N-phenylethylenediamine)cobalt(III) and of One Diastereomer of trans(N-Ph, N-Ph)-Oxalatobis(N-phenylethylenediamine)cobalt(III) Complex Cations
Authors: Akagawa Toshiaki , Ma Guilin , Suzuki Nahomi , Ohba Shigeru , Ouyang Yue , Kojima Masaaki , Fujita Junnosuke , Saito Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The molecular structures of three racemic pairs of diastereomers, ΔRR(ΛSS)-, ΔSR(ΛRS)-, and ΔSS(ΛRR)-trans(N-Ph, N-Ph)-[Co(pd)(Ph-en)2]2+ and of one racemic pair of diastereomers, ΔSS(ΛRR)-trans(N-Ph, N-Ph)-[Co(ox) (Ph-en)2]+ (pd=2,4-pentanedionate ion, ox=oxalate ion, Ph-en=N-phenylethylenediamine) were determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method in order to study the intramolecular interactions between π-systems in the ligands. For the ΔSS(ΛRR)-isomer of [Co(pd)(Ph-en)2]2+, three kinds of crystal structures 3a, 3b, and 3c were investigated. The crystal data and final R values are: ΔRR(ΛSS)-[Co(pd)(Ph-en)2](ClO4)2·H2O (1), orthorhombic, Pbca, a=32.472(9), b=11.120(3), c=15.303(4) Å, V=5526(3) Å3, Z=8, R=0.065 for 2113 observed unique reflections. ΔSR(ΛRS)-[Co(pd)(Ph-en)2](ClO4)2 (2), orthorhombic, P212121, a=19.440(8), b=16.406(8), c=8.407(3) Å, V=2681(2) Å3, Z=4, R=0.038 for 2205 reflections. ΔSS(ΛRR)-[Co(pd)(Ph-en)2]Cl2·H2O (3a), monoclinic, P21⁄c, a=12.475(3), b=11.590(2), c=19.054(4) Å, β=117.18(2)°, V=2450.6(9) Å3, Z=4, R=0.035 for 2164 reflections. ΔSS(ΛRR)-[Co(pd)(Ph-en)2](ClO4)Cl·H2O (3b), triclinic, P\bar1, a=11.847(5), b=13.584(4), c=8.367(2) Å, α=103.57(2), β=91.85(3), γ=84.25(3)°, V=1302.1(8) Å3, Z=2, R=0.087 for 1374 reflections. ΔSS(ΛRR)-[Co(pd)(Ph-en)2](ClO4)Cl (3c), triclinic, P\bar1, a=11.660(5), b=14.028(3), c=8.308(7) Å, α=108.00(8), β=101.57(9), γ=92.47(13)°, V=1258(3) Å3, Z=2, R=0.052 for 1118 reflections. ΔSS(ΛRR)-[Co(ox)(Ph-en)2] Br·6H2O (4), orthorhombic, Pna21, a=15.804(1), b=15.646(1), c=10.428(2) Å, V=2578.5(4) Å3, Z=4, R=0.065 for 1496 reflectios. The numbers of phenyl rings of the Ph-en ligands that overlap with the pd π system in the complex cation are 0, 1, and 2 for 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The ox ligand of 4 is ill-sandwiched by the two phenyl rings, whereas the pd ligand is well-sandwiched in 3a. The arrangements of the phenyl groups relative to the pd differ slightly from one another in the crystals of 3a, 3b, and 3c. The dihedral angles between the pd (or ox) and phenyl rings range from 25 to 35°.
Reaction of 1,4,2-Dithiazolium and 1,3-Dithiolium Salts with Malononitrile
Authors: Yonemoto Katsumi , Shibuya Isao , Honda Kazumasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of 5-substituted 3-phenyl-1,4,2-dithiazolium salts with malononitrile gave not only 5-dicyanomethylene-3-phenyl-1,4,2-dithiazole and an isothiazole derivative, but 4-amino-5-cyano-2-(1-cyano-2-dialkylamino-2-mercaptovinyl)-6-phenylpyrimidines (6) and a butadiene derivative, depending on substituents at C-5 and bases used. The structure of 6 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis of its methylated derivative. These results are well explained by assuming three possible fission modes of the initial adduct: liberation of substituents at C-5 (Path A), ring opening-ring closure reaction (Path B), and fragmentation of dithiazole ring (Path C). On the other hand, 2-dialkylamino-4,5-diphenyl-1,3-dithiolium salts were allowed to react with malononitrile to afford 2-amino-3-cyano-5,6-diphenyl-1,4-dithiin (13) and 4-amino-3-cyano-2-dicyanomethylene-5,6-diphenyl-2H-thiin (14) as well as 2-dicyanomethylene-4,5-diphenyl-1,3-dithiole (12). In a separate experiment, both 13 and 14 were formed by the reaction of 12 with malononitrile. This pathway can be interpreted in terms of considerable contribution of polar structure of 12 due to the push–pull effect of sulfur atoms and cyano groups. Furthermore, the reaction of 2-substituted 4-phenyl-1,3-dithiolium salts with malononitrile also gave 2-dicyanomethylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dithiole and thiophene derivatives.
Studies on Synthetic Ionophores. VIII. Transport of Alkaline Earth Metal Ions by Polyether Carboxylic Acids through Liquid Membrane
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuo , Kuboniwa Hitoshi , Murakami Nobuya , Hirao Akira , Nakahama Seiichi , Yamazaki Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Seven ω-hydroxy carboxylic acids bearing 2–5 ether oxygens with or without aromatic rings and five ω-alkoxy carboxylic acids bearing 2–6 ether oxygens with aromatic rings were employed as carriers for the active transport of alkaline earth metal ions as well as alkali metal ions through 1,2-dichloroethane or 1-hexanol as an organic liquid membrane. The relatively hydrophobic ω-hydroxy and ω-alkoxy carboxylic acids (logP&gt;7) exhibited a high M2+ transport ability and selectivity over M+ through 1,2-dichloroethane, regardless of the number of ether oxygen. However, a marked selectivity among alkaline earth metal ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+) was not observed. The less hydrophobic carboxylic acids (logP&lt;6) did not transport Ba2+ through 1,2-dichloroethane. Ba2+ transport ability of the hydrophobic acids through 1-hexanol was lower than that through 1,2-dichloroethane. Linoleic acid in the presence of oligo- and polyethylene glycols showed efficient Ba2+ transport through 1,2-dichloroethane, although a long-chain fatty acid was not able to transport Ba2+ by itself.
Effect of Additives on Selective Formation of Isobutene from the CO–H2 Reaction over ZrO2
Authors: Maruya Ken-ichi , Fujisawa Takeshi , Takasawa Akihiro , Domen Kazunari , Onishi Takaharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The CO–H2 reaction over ZrO2 was carried out in the presence of various organic additives. The addition of dimethyl ether, methylal, acetaldehyde, and dimethyl acetal showed the marked enhancement effects on the hydrocarbon formation keeping the high selectivity for isobutene. Ethylene was little effective. The addition of acetone, propanal, and propylene resulted in the decrease in the formation of isobutene and the increase in that of n-butenes. The presence of CO and H2 was essential to the selective formation of isobutene. The formation pathways of isobutene and the other hydrocarbons are discussed.
Reduction of 2-Carboxy-4′-dimethylaminoazobenzene by Bacillus Diaphorase
Authors: Yatome Chizuko , Ogawa Toshihiko , Ogawa Toshihiko , Hayashi Hideki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2-Carboxy-4′-dimethylaminoazobenzene (CDMAB) was reductively cleaved into its two component primary arylamines by Bacillus diaphorase together with NADH (pH 6.1, 25 °C). The reductive cleavage was found to proceed stoichiometrically by a spectrofluorometric assay of fluorescent o-aminobenzoic acid and a fluorescent product formed between N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine and fluorescamine. Parallel lines were obtained in Lineweaver–Burk plots of initial rate vs. CDMAB concentration for the reduction. This experimentally observed kinetic behavior is consistent with a reaction scheme in favor of the Ping Pong mechanism in which CDMAB is reduced by a reduced form of diaphorase. From a kinetic formula, the apparent Km(CDMAB), Km(NADH), and Vmax values are 2.14×10−5 mol dm−3, 7.35×10−5 mol dm−3, and 1.8×10−7 mol dm−3 min−1 per mg of protein, respectively.
The Effect of Pressure on Sigmatropic Rearrangements of Seven-Membered Conjugated Systems. [3,3] and [1,9] Sigmatropies
Authors: Sugiyama Shigeru , Mori Akira , Kato Nobuo , Takeshita Hitoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kinetic features of the [1,9] sigmatropy (with 2-benzyloxy-3-bromotropone) and the [3,3] sigmatropy (with 2-allyloxytropone and 2-[(3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxy]tropone) were investigated under various pressures (1 to 1600 bar). The activation volume of [1,9] sigmatropy was of the same order as those of [1,5] sigmatropy of cyclopentadienes. The activation volume of [3,3] sigmatropy of more sterically-hindered substrate was more negative than that of the unhindered one.
An Efficient Route to Both Enantiomers of N-(p-Tolylsulfonyl)benzenesulfonimidamide and Their Use for Asymmetric Allylic Amination of Olefins
Authors: Tsushima Susumu , Yamada Yasuhiro , Onami Tetsuo , Oshima Koichiro , Chaney Michael O , Jones Noel D , Swartzendruber John K 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The chiral compounds (R)- and (S)-N-(p-tolylsulfonyl)benzenesulfonimidamide have been prepared efficiently from N-(p-tolylsulfonyl)benzenesulfonimidoyl chloride and both enantiomers were transformed into chiral selenium diimide reagents, (S)- and (R)-N,N′-bis[N-(p-tolylsulfonyl)benzenesulfonimidoyl]selenium diimide, respectively, for the asymmetric allylic amination of olefins. Asymmetric allylic amination of methylenecyclohexane with the S-configured selenium diimide reagent afforded allylic amide, (1S)-N-[(R)-N-(p-tolylsulfonyl)benzenesulfonimidoyl]-2-methylenecyclohexylamine as a major diastereomer (42% diastereomeric excess). Similarly, cyclohexene, 1-heptene, and cyclooctene gave chiral allylic amides with 34%, 32%, and 20% diastereomeric excess, respectively. It is apparent that the S-configured diimido selenium reagent gives S-configured allylic amides, and that the R-configured reagent affords R-configured allylic amides as the major diastereomers in all of the cases investigated.
Monosubstituted Tetramethoxynaphthalenes
Authors: Tanoue Yasuhiro , Terada Akira , Torisu Kazuhiko , Taniguchi Hiroshige 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
As new intermediates for the syntheses of monosubstituted naphthazarins and anthracyclines, several tetramethoxynaphthalenes having a substituent such as CH3, COOH, CN, Br, OAc, OH, and OMe groups were prepared from 1,4,5,8-tetramethoxynaphthalene and 2-formyl-1,4,5,8-tetramethoxynaphthalene.
Nonacidic and Highly Chemoselective Protection of the Carbonyl Function. 3-Methylbenzothiazolines as a Base- and Acid-Resistant Protected Form for the Carbonyl Groups
Authors: Chikashita Hidenori , Komazawa Shun-ichiro , Ishimoto Nishiki , Inoue Koji , Itoh Kazuyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A simple and useful new type of protection method for carbonyl groups by conversion into 3-methylbenzothiazoline derivatives with o-(methylamino)benzenethiol was described. With this method, 3-methylbenzothiazolines were conveniently obtained in excellent yields from various aldehydes and ketones. This method allows efficient protection and deprotection under mild and neutral conditions and affords protection of the carbonyl group against both basic and acidic conditions. The difference in reactivity between different carbonyl groups was successfully utilized for the chemoselective benzothiazolination of the formyl group of 4-oxopentanal and also for the chemoselective conversion of 4-androstene-3,17-dione and progesteron into the corresponding benzothiazolines with the nonconjugated keto groups remaining intact. 2-Substituted benzothiazolines derived from aldehydes were efficiently converted into 2,2-disubstituted benzothiazolines via alkylation, with a variety of Grignard or organolithium reagents, of 2-substituted 3-methylbenzothiazolium salts which were readily obtained by the treatment of the former thiazolines with trityl perchlorate in acetonitrile. These salts were also obtained in good yields from aldehydes in one-pot syntheses by the treatment with o-(methylamino)benzenethiol in acetonitrile followed by addition of trityl perchlorate. 3-Methylbenzothiazolium iodide was found to be also effective as a formyl cation equivalent and the reactions with Grignard or organolithium reagents produced the corresponding 2-substituted benzothiazolines in good yields. With this reaction, 2-deuterio-3-methylbenzothiazolium iodide was effectively applied as a deuterated formyl cation equivalent for the synthesis of aldehyde-d.
Viscosity B-Coefficients of Tetraalkylammonium Bromides in 2-Methoxyethanol at 25 °C
Authors: Dasgupta Debasis , Das Susanta , Hazra Dilip K 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The relative viscosities of solutions of tetraalkylammonium bromides, R4NBr, (R=C2H5 to C7H15) have been measured in 2-methoxyethanol (ME) at 25 °C. The data have been analyzed in the form of associated electrolytes and the B-coefficients have been evaluated. The ionic B-values have been determined using the “reference electrolytes” viz. Bu4NBBu4 and Bu4NBPh4. The results have been discussed on the basis of Einstein’s equation and in terms of a transition state treatment.
Conductometric Determination of Thermodynamics Dissociation Constants of Benzoic and Nitrobenzoic Acid in Methanol–Water Mixtures at 298 K
Authors: Niazi MSK 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The thermodynamic dissociation constants and the limiting molar conductivities of 2-, 3-, 4-nitrobenzoic and benzoic acids have been determined in water–methanol mixtures at 298 K. The experimental data are analyzed with the Lee and Wheaton conductance equation incorporating modifications. The derived results are compared with the ones in literature, pertaining to analogous media. The findings are interpreted in terms of solute–solvent interactions, intramolecular hydrogen bonding, resonance and inductive effect and the substituent position. The study showed that the dissociation order decreases as 2-nitrobenzoic acid&gt; 3-nitrobenzoic acid≈ 4-nitro benzoic acid&gt; benzoic acid.
The Effect of Cadmium Ions on the Polarographic Reduction of Poly[(p-methylbenzyl)viologen] Dibromide in Water
Authors: Prasad Bhim Bali 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The d.c. polarographic reduction of a redox polyelectrolyte, poly[(p-methylbenzyl)viologen] dibromide, in the presence of cadmium sulfate salt demonstrated two well-defined, irreversible diffusion-controlled cathodic waves corresponding to the reduction of protonated form as well as the cadmium complex of the polyelectrolyte in aqueous buffers (pH 2.00–6.00). No wave was observed due to the reduction of the unprotonated form of the polymer in the present instance, however, another ill-defined wave of irreversible nature was emerged at relatively higher negative potential presumably because of the catalytic evolution of hydrogen, at the dropping mercury electrode. An attempt has been made to correlate these results in terms of cadmium ion interaction with the polyelectrolyte during the course of electrode processes.
Preparation and Crystal Structure of Diaquabis(1,8-naphthyridine 1-oxide)cobalt(II) Nitrate
Authors: Yin Zhu , Xinmin Gan , Ning Tang , Minyu Tan 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The complex [Co(napyo)2(H2O)2](NO3)2 was formed by the reaction of cobalt(II) nitrate with 1,8-naphthyridine 1-oxide (napyo) in methanol medium. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21⁄n with Z=2. Lattice parameters are: a=7.165(2), b=11.797(2), c=11.830(3) Å, β=95.14(3)°, V=995.9(4) Å3, Dc=1.705 g cm−3, DO=1.714 g cm−3, λ(Mo Kα)=0.71069 Å, μ=9.26 cm−1, F(000)=522. The final R=0.036 for 1433 unique observed reflections. Co2+ ion is coordinated by two nitrogen atoms and four oxygen atoms to form a distorted octahedron.
Electronic Spectra of 9,10-Phenanthrenediamine: Effects of Solvents and Acid Concentrations
Authors: Manoharan R , Dogra Sneh K 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Dual fluorescence is observed from 9,10-phenanthrenediamine (PDA) in defferent solvents. Normal Stokes shifted fluorescence band is a structured one with vibrational frequency of ca. 750 cm−1 and is polarized along the longer axis (1Lb state). Large Stokes shifted fluorescence is a broad band and is polarized along the shorter axis of phenanthrene (1Lb state). Fluorescence intensities of both the bands decrease with the increase of polarity and hydrogen-bond formation tendency of the solvents, but the preferential decrease in the fluorescence intensity of latter band system is more than that of the former band system under the above environments. Equilibrium for the prototropic reaction of monocation-free base is not established in the S1 state within the lifetimes of the conjugate acid–base pair. Proton-induced fluorescence quenching constant for monocation is found to be 2×107 dm3 mol−1 s−1 and this low value, as compared to that for neutral aromatic amines, is because of the presence of positive charge on the monocation.
Kinetics of Electron Transfer from Cyclic Ketones to Ni(IV) Periodate Complex in Aqueous Alkaline Medium
Authors: Khan Jaffar Ali , Chandraiah U , Kumar B Kishore , Kandlikar Sushama 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kinetics of electron transfer from cyclic ketones (represented by (S)) to Ni(IV) periodate complexes has been studied in aqueous alkaline medium. The kinetics exhibit a pseudo-first-order disappearance of Ni(IV) periodate complexes when the [substrate] is present in excess. The pseudo-first-order rate constants, kobs, were linearly dependent on [S] and the order in [S] were found to be unity. The rate of the reaction increased with the increase in [OH−], however the rates were retarded with the increase in [periodate]. Salt and solvent effect studies indicate that the reaction is of ion-dipole type. A suitable mechanism involving slow adduct formation between enol and oxidant, and its decomposition in a fast step have been suggested. A rate law consistent with the proposed mechanism has also been derived. The products of oxidation were identified as corresponding decarboxylic acids.
4-(2-Quinolylazo)phenol as a Spectrophotometric Reagent for Palladium(II), Osmium(VIII), and Gold(III)
Authors: Singh Ishwar , Kadyan Pratap Singh , Garg B S , Barua Sudarsan 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reaction behavior of 4-(2-quinolylazo)phenol (p-QAP) is established with three noble metals, i.e. palladium(II), osmium(VIII), and gold(III), under various conditions. Palladium(II) forms a 1:1 greenish violet complex at pH 8–10 (absorption maximum at 580 nm), while osmium(VIII) forms a 1:1 violet compex at pH 8–9.5 (absorption maximum at 550 nm) with the ethanolic solution of p-QAP. Color reaction with gold(III) with ethanolic solution of p-QAP is instantaneous, but fades away with time. However, a 4:4:2 mixture of water, ethanol, and cyclohexanol stabilizes this color for 45 min. Thus a 1:1 red gold(III) complex formed at pH 8–9.5 absorbs maximum at 550 nm. The Sandell’s sensitivities (ng cm−2) of the color reactions are 2.7, 3.9, and 9.8 with palladium(II), osmium(VIII), and gold(III) respectively. Other physicochemical characteristics of the complexes are established. A number of foreign ions tested for their interferences and use of masking agents wherever necessaty it tabulated. Synthetic solutions identical in composition to some palladium(II) and gold(III) alloys are estimated to ascertain the suitability of the reagent.
Intrinsic Reaction Coordinates for the Dissociation and the Isomerization Reactions of Formaldehyde
Authors: Cho Seikichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Static and dynamic intrinsic reaction coordinates are defined by using the eigenvectors of the force constant matrix, and the simultaneous eigenvectors of the relative kinetic energy and the force constant matrix, respectively. The theory was applied to the dissociation and the isomerization reactions of the formaldehyde molecule. It is shown that the intrinsic reaction coordinate of the dissociation reaction of formaldehyde left from the normal coordinate of the equilibrium formaldehyde with the second lowest wavenumber, the rocking mode of vibration, while that of the isomerization reaction departed from the scissoring mode having the third lowest wavenumber.
Nontemplate Synthesis of Macrocyclic Tetraimine Schiff Bases Incorporating Dithienylmethane Units
Authors: Sone Tyo , Ohba Yoshihiro , Watanabe Ryuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Novel 26- and 28-membered macrocyclic tetraimine Schiff bases incorporating four thiophene units as ring constituents were synthesized by a nontemplate method starting from bis(5-formyl-2-thienyl)methane derivatives and aliphatic diamines under high-dilution conditions.