bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser doppler bone probe: An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Schuurman Arnold H. , Bos Kurt E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractImmediate reintervention is necessary when vascular insufficiency is suspected in free bone transfers. We tested the reliability of the laser doppler bone probe in recording steady state and arterial and venous occlusion. During steady state the flux signal was not constant but fluctuated. During arterial occlusion an immediate and reproducible decrease in flux signal was seen. No evident changes were seen during venous occlusion. These results have clinical importance in monitoring free bone transfers.
Effects of venous hypertension on rabbit free flap survival
Authors: Rooks Michael D. , Gould John S. , Masear Victoria , Powell Jack H. , Gould Sheryl 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA two‐stage project was developed to study the effect of increased venous pressure on blood flow and survival in microvascular free tissue transfers. A rabbit epigastric fasciocutaneous free flap model was used. The blood flow in the rabbit epigastric free flap is 1.07 ± 0.06 ml/min. The average venous pressure is 8.6 ± 1.7 cm water. A logarithmic relationship between blood flow and venous pressure was demonstrated, with a statistically significant decrease in blood flow to 20‐35% of the control values when the venous pressure rose above 28‐30 cm water. This study stands in support of the tolerance by free tissue transfers of pressures below this range. The results further show a positive correlation between increasing venous pressure and free flap failure.
Microvascular transfer of anterior and posterior gracilis muscles in rats
Authors: Yim Kenneth K. , Lineaweaver William C. , Siko Peter P. , Buncke Harry J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA microvascular free muscle flap in rats using the anterior and posterior gracilis muscles with femoral vessels as its pedicle is presented. The gracilis muscles form a single unit supplied by the muscular branch artery and vein, averaging 0.3 mm and 0.4 mm in diameter, respectively. These small sizes preclude their use in transplantation. However, the muscular branch vessels in continuity with the femoral vessels can be used for the vascular pedicle in this muscle transplant. This muscle flap was transplanted to the contralateral femoral vessels by end‐to‐end anastomosis in 15 rats. Thirteen animals survived and 11 flaps were viable at 3 days for a success rate of 85%. The gracilis flaps averaged 674 mg in weight, 1.87 cm × 1.36 cm in size, and 7.23 mm in pedicle length. This free muscle flap model is reliable, relatively easy to perform, and provides adequate muscle bulk for pharmacologic and biochemical studies in transplanted muscle. No lower extremity complications were noted following femoral vessel ligations.
Topically applied antithrombotic agents offer a new therapeutic approach to the prevention of microvascular thrombosis
Authors: Cooley Brian C. , Gould John S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn the quest to develop optimal antithrombotic therapies for reconstructive microsurgery, with concomitant minimization of patient risk for generalized hemorrhage, surgeons have been turning to localized intraarterial delivery of various agents. An extension of this direction is to design agents that bind specifically to the site of thrombogenesis and effectively inhibit or prevent the buildup of thrombotic components. Progress in this direction must make use of the latest developments in the molecular understanding of coagulation, platelet adhesion/aggregation, and fibrinolytic processes. This article reviews pertinent developments in the biochemical understanding of thrombosis and discusses current avenues of investigation in the development of topically applied agents that help prevent microvascular thrombotic occlusion.
Effect of desmopressin on vein graft patency in a microvascular model
Authors: Kon Neal D. , Mills Stephen A. , Andrews Cynthia A. , Miller Larry R. , Cordell A. Robert 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDesmopressin acetate decreases blood loss after cardiac surgery by activating platelets. We studied whether this effect was detrimental to small‐caliber vein grafts in rats. Thirty minutes before femoral artery grafting with 0.75‐mm‐diameter reverse autogenous saphenous vein grafts, 20 rats received desmopressin acetate intravenously at 1.O pglkg over 10 minutes, and 20 control rats received normal saline intravenously over 10 minutes. In each group, 10 rats received a 6‐mm‐long graft and 10 an 18‐mm‐long graft. Graft patency was evaluated at 20 minutes, 24 hours, and 30 days. Intimal thickening was assessed by light and scanning electron microscopy. At 30 days, 9 short grafts and 8 long grafts in the desmopressin‐treated group were patent, whereas only 8 short control grafts and only 6 long control grafts were patent. Intimal thickening and platelet deposition were the same in both groups. These data show no detrimental effects of desmopressin acetate on saphenous vein graft patency.
A technique for hepatopancreaticoduodenal cluster transplantation in the rat
Authors: Knoop M. , Steffen R. , Neuhaus P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new technique for combined hepatopancreaticoduodenal transplantation in the rat is described. The composite cluster graft consists of an orthotopic arterialized liver graft in anatomical continuity with the pancreaticoduodenal part that is placed heterotopically into the recipient. A separate arterial anastomosis of the liver and a bile duct anastomosis are not necessary, since these structures are left intact in the hepatoduodenal ligament. Bile and exocrine pancreas secretions drain over the duodenal conduit of the graft into the recipient jejunum via an end‐to‐side anastomosis. This model adds a new transplantation technique to existing microsurgical models.
Nerve regeneration through a two‐ply biodegradable nerve guide in the rat and the influence of ACTH4‐9 nerve growth factor
Authors: Robinson Peter H. , Van Der Lei Berend , Hoppen Henk J. , Leenslag Jan W. , Pennings Albert J. , Nieuwenhuis Paul 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBiodegradable polyurethane‐based (PU) nerve guides, instilled with or without ACTH4‐9 analog (a melanocortin) were used for bridging an 8 mm gap in the rat sciatic nerve and were evaluated for function and histological appearance after 16 weeks of implantation. Autologous nerve grafts functioned as controls. The guides successfully enabled the sciatic nerve to regenerate across the 8 mm gap, thus effectively reestablishing the contact between the proximal and distal nerve ends. The mean conduction velocity, motor latency, and muscle action potentials of all the nerve guides did not differ significantly from the autografts. The histological quality of the regeneration in the nerve guides was significantly better than in the autografts; in the nerve guides, a well‐defined nerve cable of normal architecture had regenerated without extensive endoneural scarring as seen in the autografts. ACTH4‐9 instilled in the nerve guides showed a slight, but significant, increase in the number of myelinated axons. It is concluded that biodegradable PU nerve guides result in similar functional recovery when compared with autografts, but their histological quality is significantly better. ACTH4‐9 showed only slight, but significant, improved nerve growth promoting activity. Therefore biodegradable PU nerve guides with ACTH4‐9 would appear to be promising alternatives to autografts for bridging nerve defects.
A scanning electron microscopic study of arterial endothelial repair under turbulent flow conditions
Authors: Kirse Daniel J. , Young Paul H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn order to study the role of hemodynamic factors on the healing and native morphology of endothelium in vivo, turbulent arterial flow was created using a loop bypass model, with and without occlusion in the recipient vessel. In this model, several different patterns of turbulent arterial blood flow resulted. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate endothelial morphology in the area of the anastomoses at 3 and 14 days post‐operatively. Morphological changes in the native endothelium along the recipient vessel correlated well with the direction of blood flow and predicted patterns of turbulence. The morphology of the native endothelium was altered to reflect the direction and pattern (laminar versus turbulent) of blood flow by 3 days post‐operatively. Based on endothelial morphology, very narrow zones of separation could be demonstrated between areas of laminar and turbulent blood flow. The degree of reendothelialization across the suture itself was greatly variable at 3 days and there seemed to be no relationship to the location of turbulent flow.
Osmotic complications of low‐molecular‐weight dextran therapy in free flap surgery
Authors: Hardin Charles K. , Kirk William C. , Pederson William C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLow‐molecular‐weight dextran is utilized by many microsurgeons after free tissue transfer for its beneficial effects on the microcirculation. While it is generally felt to have a low rate of complications, severe complications secondary to dextran's osmotic effects may occur. We report here on two cases in which therapy with low‐molecular‐weight dextran was strongly implicated as a causative factor in major complications. These cases and their background are reviewed. Guidelines for the safe administration of this agent in patients post free‐tissue transfer are discussed.
Lower extremity reconstruction using a long‐cryopreserved venous allograft for free flap venous outflow
Authors: Liang Marc D. , Narayanan Krishna , Ramasastry Sai S. , Stofman Guy 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVein grafts are used frequently in microvascular surgery, but an adequate supply of autogenous veins is not always available. The search for an ideal substitute for autogenous vein continues. We present a case of lower extremity reconstruction made difficult by lack of suitable autogenous vein for venous outflow from a rectus abdominus free flap. A 36 cm cryopreserved allograft saphenous vein was used on an emergency basis for this problem. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of treated infection on microvascular anastomosis
Authors: Luk Keith O. K. , Huang Li , Liu Ke , Chow S. P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effect of established infection with penicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus on microarterial and microvenous anastomosis was studied in a rat experimental model. The infection was treated with wound debridement and systemic antibiotics at the time of the surgical procedure. It was found that the patency rate of microarterial repairs at 10–14 days was 95.1%. Veins were less resistant to infection than arteries. Two types of vein involvement were found. These were classified according to the degree of thrombosis resulting from endophlebitis. The patency rate of anastomoses performed on the more mildly infected veins was 56.5% and that on the more severely infected veins was 0%. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fertility and histology after rabbit ovarian wedge resection with CO2 laser or electrocautery using posterior reconstruction with nylon or polyglactin sutures
Authors: Rivera Baldomero Arnau , Guix Manuel , Esteban‐Altirriba J. , Viscasillas Pedro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn an experimental study in rabbits, the CO2 laser and electrocautery were compared in performing microsurgical ovarian wedge resection; polyglactin and nylon sutures were compared for ovarian reconstruction. Histologic reaction, adhesion formation, and functional parameters (number of corpora lutea, number of pregnancies, nidation index) were evaluated 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Thirty days after surgery, the tissue inflammatory response was very similar in the four groups; fibrosis was not detected. Significant reductions (P<0.01) were found for the experimental (operated right ovary) vs. the control (unoperated left ovary) groups when comparing the number of corpora lutea and the number of pregnancies. No significant differences in the nidation index were demonstrated. Adhesion formation was not different between any of the experimental procedures; adhesions were not detected in the control ovaries. At 90 days, the polyglactin suture was entirely absorbed and no inflammatory reaction persisted. Minimal giant cell infiltration was found around the nylon suture. The histologic differences between the two sutures were statistically significant (P<0.02). No fibrosis was observed. The functional parameters did not reveal statistically significant differences between the two sutures. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New method of surgical treatment of blood vessel lesions
Authors: Androsov P. I. , Ellis F. Henry 
Published: March 2007

AbstractProfessor Androsov's articles should be of considerable interest to American surgeons, representing as they do a new freedom in the exchange of ideas with the medical profession of the Soviet Union. In recent years no Russian surgeon has sought publication of original work in surgical journals of this country.Early last fall I visited Professor Androsov in Moscow at the Sklifosovsky Institute, a hospital made famous by the late Professor Yudin. I was impressed by the work that he and his associates were doing in peripheral vascular surgery and in the reconstruction of lye burns of the esophagus. Professor Androsov was extremely hospitable and showed a keen interest in the freer exchange of knowledge between American and Soviet surgeons. He and his staff evinced a friendly interest in American medical institutions as a result of Professor Yudin's visit to the Mayo Clinic and other institutions in this country in former years.Let us hope that other Soviet surgeons will follow Professor Androsov's lead in submitting to us from time to time reports of their work. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgical technique for combined liver/intestine transplantation in rats
Authors: Zhong Robert , He Gang , Sakai Yoshiraru , McAlister Vivian , Zhang Zheng , Duff John , Stiller Calvin , Grant David 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSimultaneous liver transplantation may reduce the risk of intestinal transplant rejection. We have recently developed two new models of combined liver/intenstine transplantation (LIT) in the rat to study this phenomenon. Herein, we report our experience with LIT using a single donor (SD) or multiple donors (MD). Large volumes of fluid were required to prevent a drop in the mean arterial pressure during the anhepatic phase in the SD recipients. Many of the SD recipients died of intraoperative hypovolemic shock (57%). The MD recipients had a shorter anhepatic time (12 ± 1 minutes vs.17 ± 2 minutes; P<0.01) and a shorter warm intestinal ischemia time (15 ± 1 minutes vs.32 ± 2 minutes; P<0.01). Operative mortality rates were much lower in the MD recipients (10% vs.68%; P<0.01). The long‐term survival rate using MD was 71% at 1 month. Graft function was normal in the long‐term survivors. LIT with MD provides a good model to study the immunological effects of multivisceral grafting. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of venous flow alterations upon patency of rat femoral vein anastomoses
Authors: Cooley Brian C. , Gould John S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe rat femoral vein has become a standard model for laboratory training in microvascular anastomotic technique as well as for research investigations into factors affecting venous patency. This study examined the short‐term patency (1 and 7 days) of rat vein anastomoses. The influences upon patency of epigastric flap creation and distal femoral vessel ligation (epigastric flow only) were explored. In a separate experiment, blood flow from the femoral vein was determined through catheter collection of venous efflux; the influences of island epigastric flap creation and distal femoral ligation on flow rates were explored. It was found that 82% of basic femoral vein anastomoses were patent at one day, while 100% of anastomoses associated with an epigastric flap and ligated/transected distal femoral vessel circulation (creating a low‐tension anastomosis) were patent (P<0.01). With distal femoral vessel ligation and no transection (normal tension at the repair), anastomoses were patent in 90% of the veins when an epigastric flap was also raised, and in 60% when a flap was not created. When a flap was raised without disturbing the distal femoral circulation, vein patency was 75% at one day. When the vein anastomosis was performed with distal femoral vein ligation, the patency rate was 50%. All veins patent at 1 day were also patent at 7 days post‐op; 96% of veins clotted at 1 day were found to be patent at 7 days. The venous efflux was not found to vary significantly when an epigastric flap was raised. These results indicate an increase in patency through reduction of longitudinal tension and suggest that island/free flaps have a beneficial influence upon the prevention of venous occlusion. The high rate of recanalization in thrombosed veins indicates a potential source of error in previous studies in which vein patency was evaluated only at longer postoperative times. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Results after repair of traumatic arterial damage in the forearm
Authors: Daoutis N. , Gerostathopoulos N. , Bouchlis G. , Efstathopoulos D. , Misitzis D. , Anagnostou S. , Vasiliadiw A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEighty‐three patients, with 96 instances of radial or ulnar arterial damage, were treated over a four‐year period using microsurgical techniques. Thirty‐one patients, with 43 arterial repairs, were available for evaluation. In the 14 patients with a single arterial repair, 4 resulted in thrombosis (71.5% success rate). When both arteries required repair, our success rate was 75.9%, with 7 thromboses. The overall success rate was 74.5%. We attribute the high patency rate to strict microsurgical technique, the repair of the vessels in the early stages after trauma, and the use of vein grafts after complete resection of the damaged portion of the vessel. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical analysis and evaluation of the function of replanted and revascularized parts of the upper limb
Authors: Daoutis N. , Gerostathopoulos N. , Bouchlis G. , Efstaphopoulos D. , Misitzis D. , Anagnostou S. , Gianakopoulos P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDuring the past four years, we have attempted to replant and revascularize 57 hands and fingers in 43 patients. The total success rate was 81 %. Replantation of hands severed cleanly (guillotine type) and those with slight local crush injuries had the highest success rate. As for hand function, amputations at zones III and IV with end‐to‐end suturing of the tendons and nerves presented the highest degree of function when evaluated objectively and subjectively. All patients presented a high degree of satisfaction with the outcome of the Operation. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Post‐discectomy perineural fibrosis: Comparison of conventional versus microsurgical techniques
Authors: Touliatos Alexandros S. , Soucacos Panayotis N. , Beris Alexandros E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe lumbar spines of twenty‐one dogs were used as an experimental model. The animals were divided into three groups. In the first group, selective dam age to the perimeningeal blood vessels was induced and the resultant he‐matoma was left untouched in the spinal canal. In the second group, the posterior longitudinal ligament was incised, and in the third group, the poste rior longitudinal ligament was incised and damage induced to the peri meningeal blood vessels. The pathology examination revealed: (1) the he‐matoma itself did not lead to the formation of perineural fibrosis, (2) the incision of the posterior longitudinal ligament led to the formation of a limited amount of fibrosis, and (3) the coexistence of hematoma and incision of the posterior longitudinal ligament led to the formation of extensive perineural fibrosis. When discs are removed using microsurgical techniques, it is possi ble to avoid the formation of the postoperative hematoma and consequently to eliminate the perineural fibrosis. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental Evaluation of the length of microvenous grafts under normal tension
Authors: Beris Alexandros E. , Soucacos Panayotis N. , Touliatos Alexandros S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFour groups of microvenous grafts of 2, 4, 6, and 10 cm were used to deter mine whether length under normal tension affects patency rates in bridging arterial defects. Tension was evaluated by allowing the grafts to assume their normal orientation and length by filling them with blood, under physiological pressure, after the completion of the proximal anastomosis. The length was estimated through the normal range of motion such that the graft would not be too loose and/or tortuous following final anastomosis. The patency rates in the four length groups of this study ranged between 80% and 83%, with no sta tistical difference between groups. No statistically significant correlation was found between graft length and patency rate. It was concluded that the length of venous autografts does not affect patency. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short‐ and long‐term evaluation of arteriovenous fistulas for chronic hemodialysis
Authors: Cassioumis Diamantis , Fatouros Michael S. , Siamopoulos Kostas C. , Giannoukas Athanasios D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOne hundred ninety‐three internal arteriovenous (A‐V) fistulas were performed on patients with renal failure in the last eleven years. The A‐V fistulas were divided on the basis of the following: side‐to‐side between the radial artery and cephalic vein (157 cases); end‐to‐side between the cephalic vein and radial artery (11 cases); end‐to‐end between the radial artery and cephalic vein (5 cases); A‐V fistulas between the brachial artery and the cephalic, basilic or medial cubital vein (20 cases). The side‐to‐side A‐V fistulas achieved an immediate patency in 88% of cases, lower than each of the other groups. However, the subsequent long‐term failure rate was less than the other groups. In addition, satisfactory function was maintained at a high level (93%) during the follow‐up period. The end‐to‐side and end‐to‐end A‐V fistulas showed higher percentages of immediate patency (90% and 100%, respectively), although they were used more often on patients with vascular problems. Diabetic nephropathy was the main factor associated with thrombosis Of A‐V fistulas. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neck resurfacing with free TRAM flap
Authors: Economides Nicholas G. , Ferrell Thad H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAnterior neck defects are best reconstructed with flaps, to avoid contractures and extensive scarring. Local or distal flaps are hampered by significant donor site disability. The development of the TRAM flap for breast reconstruction has improved our armamentarium in reconstructive surgery. This paper purports to demonstrate the superiority of the free bilateral TRAM flap applied for anterior neck resurfacing. Two cases with such anterior neck conditions are presented. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microsurgical repair of the parotid duct
Authors: Hallock Geoffrey G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBecause of its relatively small caliber lumen, traumatic injuries of the parotid duct appropriately lend themselves to microsurgical repair. With the evolution of more modern techniques and materials, inert nylon microsutures placed under magnification permit an ideal atraumatic anastomosis of the divided ends of the parotid duct. Such an exact approach may also obviate the need for long‐term stenting across the site of repair, which remains a controversial issue. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.