bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Hearing Screening Programs between One Step with Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE) and Two Steps with TEOAE and Automated Auditory Brainstem Response
Authors: Lin Hung‐Ching , Shu Min‐Tsan , Lee Kuo‐Sheng , Ho Guan‐Min , Fu Tzu‐Yu , Bruna Sharon , Lin Grace 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjective: To compare the efficacy between one step with transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and two steps with TEOAE and automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) in a newborn hearing screening program. We investigated their differences in referral rate, the accurate identification rate of congenital hearing loss (HL), and cost effectiveness.Method: From November 1998 to December 2004, a total of 21,273 healthy newborns were screened for HL in Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei. In the periods from November 1998 to January 2004 and from February 2004 to December 2004, the screening tools used were TEOAE alone (n = 18,260) and TEOAE plus AABR (n = 3,013), respectively.Results: A statistically significant decrease of referral rate was achieved in the group using TEOAE and AABR as screening tools when compared with TEOAE alone (1.8% vs. 5.8%). The accurate identification rate of congenital HL was 0.45% in TEOAE protocol and 0.3% in TEOAE and AABR protocol, which was not statistically significant. The total direct costs per screening were 10.1 U.S. dollars for the program using TEOAE alone and 8.9 U.S. dollars for the TEOAE plus AABR program. The intangible cost, however, was much higher in the earlier program because of the higher referral rate.Conclusion: In terms of the efficacy of a hearing screening program using the one step TEOAE and two step TEOAE and AABR programs, the later significantly decreased the referral rate from 5.8% to 1.8%. No significant difference was noted between the accurate identification rates of congenital HL. The total costs, including expenditures and intangible cost, were lower in the protocol with TEOAE plus AABR.
Two Subgroups of Stapes Fixation: Otosclerosis and Pseudo‐Otosclerosis
Authors: Karosi Tamás , Kónya József , Petkó Mihály , Szabó László Z. , Pytel József , Jóri József , Sziklai István 
Published: November 2005

AbstractHypothesis: Stapes ankylosis is a disease with variable histopathology and can be caused by otosclerosis or pseudo‐otosclerosis. Viral pathogenesis of otosclerosis could be established only by correlative analysis: histologic examination of the stapes footplate and reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) amplification of the viral RNA.Background: Presence of the RNA genome of measles virus was demonstrated in the footplates of clinically otosclerotic patients by RT‐PCR, and also viral proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.Methods: Nucleic acids were extracted from ankylotic stapes footplates of clinically stapes fixation patients (n = 104). Measles virus genomic nucleoprotein (NP) RNA was amplified by seminested RT‐PCR. Amplification results were correlated to postoperative histologic and audiologic findings.Results: Measles virus RNA was detectable only in histologically otosclerotic stapes footplates (n = 67). Histology for virus negative footplates (n = 37) excluded otosclerosis. Virus negative stapes footplates showed nonotosclerotic, degenerative disorders.Conclusions: Stapes ankylosis is a heterogeneous disease causing conductive hearing loss with different etiologies. Nonotosclerotic stapes fixations could be established as pseudo‐otosclerosis and may belong to nonspecific, degenerative disorders with variable and noncharacteristic histopathology. Otosclerosis is an inflammatory disease caused by persisting measles virus infection of the otic cap‐sule.
A New Device for Creating and Positioning an Autogenous Cartilage Framework during Microtia Reconstruction
Authors: Walsh William E. , Reisberg David J. , Danahey Daniel G. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjective: This paper describes the fabrication and use of a three‐dimensional appliance, known as the microtia surgical positioner, to more accurately position and better sculpt the autogenous rib cartilage graft during microtia reconstruction.Study Design: The authors introduce a new device design and surgical application.Methods: An impression and plaster cast were made from the patient's auricular defect. On this cast, the artist then created a wax baseplate and an esthetically pleasing wax sculpture of an ideal ear similar to the patient's normal contralateral ear. The surface contour of the patient's auricular defect locked the wax baseplate into a stable position, the ear sculpture was then properly positioned on the baseplate, and the two pieces were joined. The artist made a silicone mold of the wax prototype and casted the clear acrylic resin surgical positioner using that mold. Finally, an opening along the helical portion was drilled in the positioner. Intraoperatively, the positioner locked into the surface contour of the patient's auricular defect, thus assuring accurate positioning of the cartilage graft. The surgeon marked the correct helix position with the device's helix and helical port and used the positioner as a model to guide the carving and assembly of the cartilage framework.Results: Our group successfully created and used a microtia surgical positioner. The positioner guided accurate superior‐inferior, anterior‐posterior, and rotational placement of the helical portion of the cartilage graft. The surgical positioner also significantly contributed to detailed sculpting of the graft.Conclusions: Medical artists and surgeons may cooperate to fabricate and use a surgical positioner to guide accurate placement of the cartilage framework and assist with sculpting of the graft for total auricular reconstruction.
Diagnostic Utility of Positron Emission Tomography‐Computed Tomography for Predicting Malignancy in Cystic Neck Masses in Adults
Authors: Ferris Robert L. , Branstetter Barton F. , Nayak Jayakar V. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjectives: Combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET‐CT) is used for the diagnostic evaluation and staging of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). By superimposing anatomic localization of CT with the physiologic data of PET, occult primary and metastatic neoplasms might be identified. Because the diagnostic algorithm for cystic neck masses in adults often overlaps with the work‐up of cancer of unknown primary site, we evaluated the utility of PET‐CT scans to identify the presence of malignancy and the location of primary tumor.Study Design: Single‐institution retrospective case review series.Methods: We reviewed the PET‐CT imaging of cystic neck masses occurring in five patients over 40 years of age with significant risk factors for SCCHN and correlated this information with histopathology.Results: In each patient in our series, the PET portion of a combined PET‐CT was misleading, whereas the CT examination was more suggestive of the correct pathology. Ultimately, clinical judgment and endoscopic evaluation, guided by CT findings, were most valuable for distinguishing malignant versus benign processes and identifying the primary tumor sites.Conclusions: PET‐CT may not be a reliable modality for identifying malignancy in adults with suspicious cystic neck masses. A thorough clinical evaluation by an experienced head and neck surgeon, in conjunction with contrast‐enhanced CT, may be sufficient to facilitate the optimal management of such patients.
Outcomes for Endoscopic Resection of Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shipchandler Taha Z. , Batra Pete S. , Citardi Martin J. , Bolger William E. , Lanza Donald C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjectives: Preliminary data suggest efficacy for the endoscopic approach for sinonasal malignancy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the endoscopic approach for the resection of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Study Design: Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing endoscopic resection of sinonasal SCC from August 1996 to May 2004.Methods: Eleven patients were treated with curative intent. Demographic data, histopathology, extent of tumor involvement, and need for adjunctive radiation or chemotherapy were determined. Local recurrence (LR), distant metastasis, overall survival (OS), and disease‐free survival (DFS) rates were calculated.Results: The mean age for the patient population was 62.5 (52–85) years with a male:female ratio of 8:3. Multimodality therapy including radiation or chemotherapy was used in 8 of 11 (73%) patients. Seven patients were resected using strictly an endoscopic approach, whereas four required combined endoscopic and neurosurgical resection. LR and distant metastatic rates were 20% and 0%, respectively. OS and DFS were both 91%, with mean follow‐up of 31.5 (range 6–88) months.Conclusions: Endoscopic resection in combination with multimodality therapy is an effective method for curative resection of sinonasal SCC. In this preliminary study, it facilitated complete resection with acceptable LR and DFS rates.
Drug Delivery to the Cochlea Using PLGA Nanoparticles
Authors: Tamura Tetsuya , Kita Tomoko , Nakagawa Takayuki , Endo Tsuyoshi , Kim Tae‐Soo , Ishihara Tsutomu , Mizushima Yutaka , Higaki Megumu , Ito Juichi 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjectives: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of encapsulating therapeutic molecules in poly lactic/glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles for drug delivery to the cochlea.Study Design: An experimental study.Methods: We examined the distribution of rhodamine, a fluorescent dye, in the cochlea, liver, and kidney of guinea pigs. Intravenous injection of rhodamine or rhodamine‐encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles was used to target the fluorescent dye systemically to the liver, kidney, and cochlea, and these molecules were applied locally to the round window membrane (RWM) of the cochlea. The localization of rhodamine fluorescence in each region was quantitatively analyzed.Results: After systemic application of rhodamine nanoparticles, fluorescence was identified in the liver, kidney, and cochlea. The systemic application of nanoparticles had a significant effect on targeted and sustained delivery of rhodamine to the liver but not the kidney or cochlea. Rhodamine nanoparticles placed on the RWM were identified in the scala tympani as nanoparticles, indicating that the PLGA nanoparticles can permeate through the RWM. Furthermore, the local application of rhodamine nanoparticles to the RWM was more effective in targeted delivery to the cochlea than systemic application.Conclusions: These findings indicate that PLGA nanoparticles can be an useful drug carrier to the cochlea via local application.
Snoring Surgery: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Jones T M. , Earis J E. , Calverley P M. A. , De S , Swift A C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjective: To undertake a retrospective, questionnaire review of surgery for heavy snoring, to ascertain patients' perception of the procedure and its effect on their snoring.Patients and Methods: A specifically designed postal questionnaire was sent to 261 patients who underwent snoring surgery at University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK, between April 1993 and March 2000. One hundred ninety‐three patients responded (73.9%), including 151 men and 42 women. Mean age was 49.0 years (range, 24–74 yrs).Results: Twenty‐two patients had a uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, 53 a traditional laser palatoplasty and uvulectomy, and 118 an uvulopalatal elevation palatoplasty. There was a 26% patient‐reported postoperative infection rate. Morbidity regarding postoperative swallowing, pharyngeal sensation or voice change appeared minimal. Seventy‐six percent scored postoperative pain as “moderate” or “severe,” irrespective of the operation performed (P = 0.989). Thirty‐seven percent of patients perceived an improvement in postoperative sleep quality. Twenty‐four percent of patients reported no improvement in snoring after surgery. Forty‐three percent reported an initial improvement that was not sustained for 2 years, whereas 34% of patients benefited from an improvement sustained for longer than 2 years, irrespective of the operation performed (P = 0.143). Only 47%, with hindsight, would have undergone surgery.Conclusion: These data highlight that snoring surgery has a high postoperative morbidity rate and a high failure rate. Research endeavors should be directed to the development of a strategy which enables reliable preoperative identification of patients' who enjoy sustained benefit postoperatively.
Advanced Bionics Thin Lateral and Helix II Electrodes: A Temporal Bone Study
Authors: Wright Charles G. , Roland Peter S. , Kuzma Janusz 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjective:This study was performed to evaluate the insertional properties of two cochlear implant electrodes recently developed by Advanced Bionics Corporation.Study Design:Anatomic study using human cadaveric temporal bones.Methods:The electrode prototypes we tested are the Thin Lateral and Helix II arrays, which incorporate features designed to minimize insertional trauma. A total of eight electrodes (4 of each prototype) were evaluated after insertion into freshly fixed temporal bones. The electrodes were inserted by way of standard cochleostomies, and the specimens were subsequently dissected to assess electrode position, insertion depth, and intracochlear trauma.Results:Quantitative data regarding insertion depths and contact distances from the modiolus are presented for all electrodes tested. The mean insertion depths were 368° for the Thin Lateral electrodes, which are designed to approximate the lateral cochlear wall, and 436° for the Helix II electrodes, which occupy a more medial position in the scala tympani. No evidence of insertional trauma was observed with either electrode. The ease of insertion and absence of trauma were confirmed during additional trials in which electrode behavior was directly observed during insertion into previously opened cochleas.Conclusion:Both electrodes performed favorably in our human temporal bone trials, and both arrays appear promising for clinical use, especially in patients with residual hearing in whom atraumatic insertion is an important objective.
Objective Assessment of Terbinafine‐Induced Taste Loss
Authors: Doty Richard L. , Haxel Boris R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjectives: Terbinafine (Lamisil), a widely prescribed oral antifungal agent, reportedly induces taste loss in 0.6% to 2.8% of those taking the drug. However, many so‐called taste problems reflect olfactory problems, and the sole empirical study published on this topic, based on whole‐mouth testing of a single subject, found no terbinafine‐related deficit. In this study, we quantitatively assessed, using well‐validated taste and smell tests, chemosensory function in six patients complaining of taste disturbance after terbinafine treatment and compared their test scores to those of six age‐, race‐, and sex‐matched normal controls.Methods: Taste function was measured using a 96‐trial regional test that assesses sweet, sour, bitter, and salty taste perception within the anterior (cranial nerve [CN] VII) and posterior (CN IX) lingual taste bud fields. Smell function was bilaterally evaluated using the 40‐item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test.Results: Taste function for sweet‐, sour‐, and bitter‐tasting stimuli was significantly depressed in both the anterior and posterior lingual regions. For sodium chloride, the decrements were confined to the posterior region. Olfactory function was within normal limits.Conclusion: These findings 1) support anecdotal case reports of taste loss after terbinafine use, 2) demonstrate that all four major taste qualities are affected, and 3) suggest that olfactory dysfunction is not involved. Because self‐report markedly underestimates chemosensory deficits, more extensive quantitative testing of patients receiving terbinafine will likely reveal a much higher prevalence of terbinafine‐induced taste loss than currently reported. Since being older than 65 years of age and having a low body mass index are reportedly risk factors for terbinafine‐induced taste loss, physicians should be particularly on the alert for elderly persons taking this medication who may become depressed or alter their food intake in response to decreased taste sensation.
Associated Factors to Predict Outcomes of Uvulopharyngopalatoplasty Plus Genioglossal Advancement for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Liu Shih‐An , Li Hsueh‐Yu , Tsai Wen‐Chen , Chang Kai‐Ming 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of uvulopharyngopalatoplasty (UPPP) plus genioglossal advancement (GA) for severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients and to determine the predictive factors for surgical success.Study Design: Prospective case series.Methods: Patients with apnea‐hypopnea index greater than 40/hour during an overnight sleep study and who were reluctant to receive nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) therapy were included. Basic data were obtained along with physical examination, cephalometric measurements, and Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) questionnaire. All patients received UPPP plus GA under general anesthesia. Overnight sleep study was repeated at least 3 months after operation along with cephalometry and ESS questionnaire.Results: Forty‐four patients with severe OSA were enrolled in this study. The overall success rate was 52.3%. Preoperative apnea index (AI) was the only significant predictor for the success of operation (P = .007). Furthermore, patients with AI less than 25/hour had a higher success rate than those with AI 25/hour or greater (odds ratio 13.1).Conclusion: Patients with AI less than 25/hour unwilling to receive nCPAP therapy could be more suitable for UPPP plus GA in terms of the success rate.
Current use of 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography and Combined Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Zimmer Lee A. , Branstetter Barton F. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Johnson Jonas T. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe history and physical examination, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging are the cornerstones for identifying new and recurrent cancers of the head and neck. The advent of positron emission tomography (PET) and combined PET/CT imaging technology is a promising development. These modalities have the potential to help stage patients presenting with head and neck cancer, identify responses to nonsurgical therapy, and allow earlier detection of recurrence in the hope of improving survival. The following paper provides a brief history of PET and PET/CT imaging. The current PET and PET/CT literature for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is reviewed, and specific recommendations for its use are provided.
Child Behavior after Adenotonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Mitchell Ron B. , Kelly James 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjective: To study the behavior of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) before and after adenotonsillectomy using a standardized behavioral rating scale completed by caregivers.Design and Setting: Prospective study of children with OSAS at the University of New Mexico Children's Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico.Methods: Children between 2.5 and 18 years of age were included in the study and underwent adenotonsillectomy if the results of polysomnography showed an obstructive apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) of 5 or greater. Caregivers completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) before surgery and a second time within 6 months of surgery. Pre‐ and postoperative BASC t scores were compared using a paired t test. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the contributions of several covariants to these change scores.Results: The study population included 52 children. The mean age was 7.1 (range 2.5–14.9) years, and the mean AHI was 16.2 (range 5.0–88.0). Preoperative mean BASC t scores for all behavioral scales and composites were greater than 50. The behavioral scales that showed significant improvement after adenotonsillectomy were aggression, atypicality, depression, hyperactivity, and somatization (p ≤ .001). Age, ethnicity, parental education, parental income, and AHI were not correlated with changes in BASC scores.Conclusions: A high proportion of children with OSAS have externalizing (hyperactivity and aggression) and internalizing (anxiety, depression, and somatization) behavioral problems. These problems improve significantly after adenotonsillectomy. The improvement is dramatic regardless of sex, age, ethnicity, parental education, parental income, or the relative severity of OSAS.
Novel Markers of Xylogenesis in Zinnia Are Differentially Regulated by Auxin and Cytokinin
Authors: Pesquet Edouard , Ranocha Philippe , Legay Sylvain , Digonnet Catherine , Barbier Odile , Pichon Magalie , Goffner Deborah 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
The characterization of in vitro xylogenic cultures of zinnia (Zinnia elegans) has led to major discoveries in the understanding of xylem formation in plants. We have constructed and characterized a subtractive library from zinnia cultures enriched in genes that are specifically expressed at the onset of secondary wall deposition and tracheary element (TE) programmed cell death. This Late Xylogenesis Library (LXL) consisted of 236 nonredundant cDNAs, 77% of which encoded novel sequences in comparison with the 17,622 expressed sequence tag sequences publicly available. cDNA arrays were constructed to examine dynamic global gene expression during the course of TE formation. As a first step in dissecting auxin and cytokinin signaling during TE differentiation, macroarrays were probed with cDNAs from cells cultured in different hormonal conditions. Fifty-one percent of the LXL genes were induced by either auxin or cytokinin individually, the large majority by auxin. To determine the potential involvement of these categories of genes in TE differentiation, multiplex in situ-reverse transcription-PCR was performed on cells for two genes encoding putative cell wall proteins: Gibberellin stimulated transcript-1, induced by auxin alone, and expansin 5, induced by cytokinin alone. All transcriptionally active TEs expressed both genes, indicating that, although these genes may not be considered as specific markers for TE differentiation per se, they are nevertheless an integral part of TE differentiation program. Among the non-TE population, four different gene expression-based cell types could be distinguished. Together, these results demonstrate the underlying complexity of hormonal perception and the existence of several different cell types in in vitro TE cell cultures.