bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of colectomy for diverticular disease of the colon
Authors: Charnock F M L , Rennie J R , Wellwood J M , Todd I P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A retrospective study of 71 patients who had a colonic resection for diverticular disease at one hospital during a 7-year period was undertaken. Patients were divided into those undergoing surgery for complications of diverticular disease (49) and those in whom abdominal pain and an altered bowel habit were attributed to the presence of diverticular disease in the absence of any detectable complication (22). In both groups major complications occurred after operation. The incidence of complications was greater when surgery was undertaken in stages to effect colonic resection and restoration of intestinal continuity. Symptoms were more often cured or relieved in those patients undergoing surgery for complicated diverticular disease than in those with ‘uncomplicated’ disease. These poor results may be due to incorrectly attributing symptoms to diverticula which happened to be present.
Acute ischaemic enteritis in Goa
Authors: Gupta S D , D'Silva Vasco , Salelkar A V , Reys M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Acute ischaemic enteritis is an uncommon condition which mainly affects young people. It is characterized by ischaemic changes in the small or large bowel which may be reversible in the early stages. The exact aetiology is not known. The condition may be due to toxins produced by either roundworms or Gram-negative bacilli or may be due to a localized allergic reaction. It is possible to make a preoperative diagnosis in most cases from the presence of abdominal pain, bloody diarrhoea and shock. Conservative treatment may be best in early cases but surgery is necessary in those cases where gangrene or perforation has occurred.
Changes in plasma lactate, phosphate and uric acid during postoperative carbohydrate infusion
Authors: Rowlands B J , Giddings A E B , Clark R G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eighteen patients undergoing-elective abdominal surgery had pre- and postoperative carbohydrate infusion tests with glucose, fructose or sorbitol. All three substrates produced significant hyperlactataemia postoperatively, the elevations of plasma lactate with fructose and sorbitol infusion being significantly greater than with glucose. Plasma uric acid was unchanged but there were moderate falls in plasma phosphate postoperatively. Intravenous nutritional regimens containing fructose and sorbitol may potentiate the development of harmful metabolic acidosis in ‘at risk’ patients and should always be used cautiously. Glucose is the carbohydrate calorie source of choice.
Transabdominal suture of bleeding gastro-oesophageal varices in cryptogenic cirrhosis of the liver
Authors: Lam Shiu Kum , Lam Wah Kit , Cheng Frank C Y , Ong G B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Emergency transabdominal suture of gastro-oesophageal varices was performed when conventional conservative measures including oesophageal tamponade failed to control bleeding in 60 of 167 patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis and bleeding varices. The immediate mortality for the whole series was 29·9 per cent. Surgery performed in this selected manner carried an immediate mortality of 40 per cent. The transabdominal approach detected and treated 19 (31·7 per cent) patients who had concomitant bleeding from extra-oesophageal sources. Ageing and sex (male) affect the immediate prognosis adversely. Using a modification of Child's classification of hepatic dysfunction, a direct relationship between hepatic dysfunction and mortality was found, reaching 100 per cent in those with grade C (severe) dysfunction, irrespective of whether or not surgery had been performed. Bleeding was successfully arrested in 96·7 per cent of cases and recurrence of bleeding was acceptably low in the first 6 months of surgery but not after.
An unexpected complication of a liver biopsy
Authors: Terpstra O T , Van Vroonhoven Th J M V , Muller H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of anaphylactic shock after percutaneous liver biopsy is described. This was due to rupture of a large echinococcal cyst localized in the liver. Diagnosis and treatment with a review of the literature are discussed with emphasis on the complete removal of both the cyst and the surrouding capsule of fibrous liver tissue.
Cervical chordoma: Report of a case and the technique of transoral removal
Authors: Windle-Taylor Paul C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of cervical chordoma in a man of 27 years is described. The clinical features were of progressive spinal cord compression. Treatment was by transoral decompression of the second cervical vertebra and postoperative radiotherapy. The result was favourable and remained so at follow-up after 27 months. The relative merits and scope of the various approaches to the upper cervical vertebrae and the role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy are discussed.
Hypothyroidism following partial thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis and its relationship to thyroid remnant size
Authors: Tweedle David , Colling A , Schardt W , Green E M , Evered D C , Dickinson P H , Johnston I D A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
One hundred and twenty-two patients were reviewed 1–7 years after partial thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis by two surgeons who had left thyroid remnants of different size. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypothyroidism or in the serum levels of thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine or thyroid-stimulating hormone between the two groups of patients. The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was 16 per cent.
Pulse wave form transit ratios in the assessment of peripheral vascular disease
Authors: Craxford Alan D , Chamberlain John 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper presents a ratio of the pulse wave form transit times in the proximal and distal arterial tree, produced by a simple, non-invasive, repeatable and reproducible technique. It has been shown to be highly significant in separating normal from disease states and the proximal from the distal lesion. It has been shown to be independent of the effects of age.
In the clinical situation the ratio is of value in the initial assessment of the patient (by separating ischaemic from non-ischaemic limb pain); in elucidation of significant occult proximal lesions in the presence of distal disease; in indicating the type of angiography required (femoral arteriography rather than translumbar aortography in suitable subjects); in following the progress of patients in operative and conservative management régimes; and in the long term follow-up of the natural history of obliterative vascular disease.
Reappraisal of the left lateral decubitus X-ray in splenic rupture
Authors: Myers R A M , Andrew W , Wilkinson A E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The lateral decubitus view of the barium-filled stomach has been reassessed in a series of 42 patients with possible splenic rupture and compared with a group of 17 patients with splenomegaly. Displacement of the gastric fundus of more than 4 cm from the inner rib margin is highly suggestive of splenic rupture. Where doubt exists, the test should be repeated within a short while. Peritoneal lavage and a full blood count investigation both add to the diagnostic accuracy.
The finding of thrombus at carotid endarterectomy and its relationship to the timing of surgery
Authors: Harrison M J G , Marshall John 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The clinical, angiographical, operative and histological records of 52 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy for transient cerebral ischaemic attacks were reviewed. Thrombus or other friable material was present in 66 per cent of the 24 patients operated upon within 4 weeks of a clinical attack, but in only 21 per cent of the 28 patients in whom the time interval was longer. The data favour an embolic explanation for the clinical episodes and further suggest that thrombus formation on atheromatous stenosis and ulceration is intermittent.
Small bowel ischaemia and infarction in young women taking oral contraceptives and progestational agents
Authors: Hoyle M , Kennedy A , Prior A L , Thomas G E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Case histories of three young women who suffered small bowel infarction associated with oral contraceptives and progestational agents are presented. Two infarctions were due to superior mesenteric artery thrombosis and one to superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. All of these patients were of blood group A and smokers, factors which are known to predispose to vascular thrombosis. A study was made of 18 additional cases reported in the literature. It was found that many of these cases presented with a history of symptoms of 2 weeks or more and at operation some of the cases appeared to be reversible. One case was reported where apparent reversion of the process of vascular thrombosis occurred after cessation of the oral contraceptive.
Renal autotransplantation in the treatment of hypertension and uraemia due to renal artery stenosis
Authors: Worth R C , Wilkinson R , Taylor R M R , Farr M J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Four cases of renovascular hypertension cured or improved by renal autotransplantation are described. In one case correction of renal ischaemia resulted in an improvement of renal function. Previous reports of this technique are reviewed and the limitations of the more standard operation of saphenous vein bypass graft are discussed.
Effects of structural configuration of prosthetic aortic valves upon coronary blood flow
Authors: Sabbah Hani N , Blick Edward F , Stein Paul D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This study was performed in order to determine the effects of the structural configuration of prosthetic aortic valves upon coronary blood flow. A pulse-duplicating system was utilized to which a rigid model of the root of the aorta and the left artery were attached. A stented normal human valve, stented porcine valve, pivoting disc valve, tilting disc valve and a caged ball valve were tested at simulated resting conditions. The results showed that the pulse configuration and proportions of coronary flow that were systolic and diastolic changed with various valves. There was no significant reduction of the mean simulated coronary flow with the porcine valve or disc valves. Coronary flow was augmented with the caged ball valve. These differences were interpreted as being due to several fluid dynamic phenomena. These were piston effects, inertia of reversed blood flow, torque and the effects resulting from the unique pressure distribution on each valve.
Villous adenoma causing acute appendicitis
Authors: Munk John F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Acute appendicitis is the most common of surgical emergencies. However, it is very unusual to find a benign neoplastic lesion causing appendicitis. Adenomas of the caecum or the appendix are rare and very few cases of these associated with appendicular inflammation have been described. This report presents a case of acute appendicitis with perforation resulting from obstruction by an adenoma. The management of the condition is discussed.
The use of a silicone gel prosthesis in the treatment of post-prostatectomy incontinence
Authors: Das S , Kaufman J J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eighty-three patients with post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence were treated by silicone gel prostheses implanted over the bulbous urethra. The prosthesis provides continence by passively increasing the urethra resistance. Successful results were achieved in 72 per cent of patients. The mechanism of post-prostatectomy incontinence and the development of anti-incontinence surgery is briefly reviewed.
Abdominal wound closure: A trial of nylon, polyglycolic acid and steel sutures
Authors: Leaper D J , Pollock A V , Evans Mary 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Failures after abdominal wound closure (early dehiscences and late incisional hernias) are due to breakage of sutures, slippage of knots or tearing out of sutures from the tissues. The suture-holding capacity of the entire thickness of muscle and aponeurosis is nearly twice that of the anterior rectus sheath, and deep bites (1·0 cm from the cut edges) are nearly twice as secure as bites of 0·5 cm.
In a random controlled clinical trial of 357 major laparotomies, closure with either layered monofilament nylon or mass polyglycolic acid or steel resulted in 2 burst abdomens (0·56 per cent), 10 incisional hernias due to suture failure (3·4 per cent) and 8 incisional hernias caused by deep sepsis (2·7 per cent). There were no statistically significant differences among the treatment groups, but 1 patient in the nylon and 3 in the steel groups had persistent sinuses until their sutures were removed.
A controlled comparison of one- and two-layer techniques of suture for high and low colorectal anastomoses
Authors: Goligher J C , Lee P W G , Simpkins K C , Lintott D J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A controlled trial of one- and two-layer inverting techniques of suture for the construction of high and low colorectal anastomoses was conducted on 137 patients, the integrity of the suture lines being assessed clinically and by routine radiological examination after a small Gastrografin enema.
A clinical diagnosis of anastomotic leakage was made in 9 patients (or perhaps more accurately in 5 only), but subclinical dehiscence was demonstrated radiologically in a further 39 patients (or perhaps 43). There was a slightly greater incidence of dehiscence after the one-layer technique of suture for both high and low anterior resection.
Colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis for colitis: Report on a personal series, with a critical review
Authors: Jones Peter F , Munro Alexander , Ewen Stanley W B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a consecutive series of 86 patients who required total colectomy for inflammatory bowel disease, 36 (43 per cent) had an ileorectal anastomosis. On review between 1 and 18 years after the operation, there were 25 patients who retained the anastomosis, all of whom were in good general health. Details of their clinical and sigmoidoscopic assessment and the histological grading of rectal biopsies are given. The results are compared with other published reports in a critical review of the present standing of ileorectal anastomosis.
Penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries
Authors: Sandrasagra F A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Twenty-three cases of penetrating thoracoabdominal injury are reviewed. Abdominal pain, tenderness and rigidity were found to be the most constant indicators of diaphragmatic penetration in these injuries (65 per cent). These features may occur as referred phenomena of purely thoracic injuries and persist as a result of the presence of an intercostal drainage tube used in the treatment of such injuries. There may be no abdominal signs in injuries of the diaphragm unaccompanied by any visceral damage or in injuries confined to the lesser sac. A high index of suspicion in the presence of a wound over the lower half of the chest is necessary to detect these lesions. Negative radiological findings do not exclude a diaphragmatic injury.
The thoracic component of a penetrating thoracoabdominal injury can usually be treated conservatively by aspiration or drainage of the pleural space, but laparotomy is advised for the repair of the abdominal viscera. The need for thoracotomy should be determined by the merits of the thoracic injury or the desirability of pleural toilet. The intra-abdominal injury may then be dealt with through the diaphragm. There is a greater tendency to pleural infection in thoracoabdominal injuries than in simple penetrating thoracic injuries, which is attributable to contamination by intestinal contents through the diaphragmatic tear. The mortality in this series was due to the abdominal injuries, the early recognition and treatment of which would have improved results.
Occult rupture of the spleen
Authors: McMahon M J , Lintott J D , Mair W S J , Lee P W R , Duthie J S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Five cases of occult or ‘spontaneous’ rupture of the spleen are described. Pathological examination of the spleen showed changes of infectious mononucleosis in 2 cases, Hodgkin's disease in 1, amyloidosis in 1 and in the remaining spleen no underlying disease process was seen. All 5 cases survived, and evidence from the literature suggests that this may have been in some measure due to the fact that prompt surgical treatment followed a correct preoperative diagnosis. The importance of awareness of the condition, radiological investigation and peritoneal lavage in reaching the correct diagnostic conclusion is discussed.
Vascular injuries in the extremities in battle casualties
Authors: Schramek A , Hashmonai M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series of 51 wounded soldiers with 54 arterial and 28 venous injuries is presented. Interposition of autogenous vein grafts was performed in 30 arterial injuries. Lateral suture or patch arterioplasty was performed in 7 arteries. End-to-end anastomosis was possible in 8 cases. Primary vein repair was performed in 14 vein injuries. Lateral suture, patch plasty, end-to-end anastomosis and interposition composite vein grafts were used. A distal temporary arteriovenous fistula to increase the flow through venous interposition grafts was performed in 4 cases.
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment was used in 7 cases in which successful arterial repair did not reverse ischaemia, and it prevented major amputations.
Neurovascular injuries are not always an indication for primary amputation. Six such cases are discussed.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm: Perianeurysmal fibrosis and ureteric obstruction and deviation
Authors: Darke S G , Glass R E , Eadie D G A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Seven cases of ureteric obstruction and one case with bilateral medial ureteric deviation complicating inflammatory aneurysm of the aorta are reported. The value of routine preoperative pyelography in all patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm is emphasized. Diagnostic difficulties that may arise when these conditions coexist are discussed.
Our experience suggests that these patients are best treated by both aneurysmectomy and ureterolysis and that long term follow-up is advisable.
Serum ionized calcium in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Allam B F , Imrie C W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Measurement of serum ionized calcium was performed daily for 7 days after admission in 8 consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis. The results support the findings of our previous study that the most common cause of the low serum calcium often found in patients with this disease is a low serum albumin; when correction of serum calcium is made for hypo-albuminaemia, most patients are found to be normocalcaemic. The occasional hypocalcaemia as shown by the ‘corrected’ serum calcium or by serum ionized calcium measurement is usually mild and transient, indicating that the normal homoeostatic mechanisms of the body can efficiently maintain the physiologically active fraction of the serum calcium within, or close to, the normal range. These findings explain the rarity of overt and subclinical tetany in acute pancreatitis. This study has shown that correction of serum calcium for albumin provides similar information to the direct measurement of serum ionized calcium. The value of ‘apparent’ hypocalcaemia in assessing severity of acute pancreatitis requires reappraisal, while greater attention should be directed towards the investigation and management of hypoalbuminaemia in this disease.
The effect of experimental haemorrhagic shock on the bacterial content of thoracic duct lymph
Authors: Barsoum M S , Badran I G , Boulos F I , Said M I , Ekladios E M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The effect of haemorrhagic shock on the simultaneous appearance of enteric micro-organisms in the central lymph and the portal blood was studied in 30 dogs. Irreversible haemorrhagic shock results in portal bacteraemia but the lymph remains sterile. Thoracic duct drainage is harmful and hastens the onset of irreversibility.
Adult intussusception in Glasgow 1968–74
Authors: Murdoch R W G , Wallace J R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A further review of adult intussusceptions in Glasgow between 1968 and 1974 is presented. A higher than expected incidence of idiopathic intussusception has been found both in this and in the earlier Glasgow series of Smith and Gillespie (1968)—44 per cent and 50 per cent respectively.
Treatment of intestinal fistulas
Authors: Monod-Broca P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
There have been three major advances in the treatment of small bowel fistulas since 1960: irrigation with lactic acid; total or parenteral nutrition; and continuous low flow enteric nutrition. The causation and clinical features of these fistulas are reviewed. The different unfavourable prognostic features are evaluated with reference to a series of 384 cases published by Edelmann et al. (1975). The different methods of treatment, both medical and surgical, are analysed.
In spite of the great progress in medical management, surgery retains an important place. The guidelines for this medicosurgical policy are laid down.
The mortality of intestinal fistulas was around 60 per cent before 1960 and has now diminished by half. It should be possible to lower it still further to around 10 per cent in future years, by careful application of the methods described.
Delayed (degenerate) interfascicular nerve grafting: A new concept in peripheral nerve repair
Authors: Dickson Robert A , Dinley John , Rushworth Geoffrey , Colwin Ann 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Interfascicular nerve grafts allowed to undergo endoneurial tube emptying in situ before transfer have been compared with grafts transferred fresh in terms of structure and function. The sciatic nerve of the rat was the model and its structure and ultrastructure were superior following degenerate grafting. More importantly, electrophysiological studies showed that function in nerves repaired with degenerate grafts was significantly better than in those repaired with fresh grafts.
Surgery, venous thrombosis and anti-Xa
Authors: Stamatakis J D , Lawrence D , Kakkar V V 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Deep venous thrombosis is a common and unpredictable complication of surgery. In this study it is proposed that patients who develop this complication may be predicted by a low preoperative level of a naturally occurring inhibitor of coagulation, anti-Xa.
Two groups of patients were investigated. Women taking the oral contraceptive pill had lower preoperative anti-Xa levels than their non-pill controls (P &lt; 0·01) and in addition had a significantly higher incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) following emergency surgery (P &lt; 0·05). In 90 patients undergoing total hip replacement, the mean preoperative anti-Xa level of those patients who developed DVT was significantly lower than those who did not (P &lt; 0·001). Ninety-four per cent of patients with a preoperative anti-Xa level of less than 80 per cent developed DVT. The effect of low dose heparin on anti-Xa was studied.
The results suggest a mechanism for the cause of postoperative thrombosis which also permits selection of individual patients who will develop this complication.
The prospective evaluation of tumour-associated antigens for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wood R A B , Moossa A R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An unselected series of 136 patients suspected of having a major intra-abdominal pathological condition had blood drawn and stored as serum. A definitive histo-logical diagnosis was made in all cases, usually by laparotomy. The serum was analysed with coded samples for carcino-embryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein and pancreatic oncofetal antigen and all recorded levels above the upper limit of normal for that test were taken as a positive result. Results were analysed to give the predictive value of a positive test and a negative test for each antigen. A negative pancreatic oncofetal antigen test was found to be useful in excluding a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.