bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Conservation Ethic
Authors: Leopold Aldo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The gradual extension of ethical criteria to economic relationships is an historical fact. Economic criteria did not suffice to adjust men to society; they do not now suffice to adjust society to its environment. If our present evolutionary impetus is an upward one, it is ecologically probable that ethics will eventually be extended to land. The present conservation movement may constitute the beginnings of such an extension. If and when it takes place, it may radically modify what now appear as insuperable economic obstacles to better land-use.
An Improved Canopy Access Technique
Authors: Tucker Gabriel F. , Powell John R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Several canopy access techniques are reviewed including a preferred method that is presented in detail. Included is a description for devising the necessary equipment and step-by-step instruction for its use. The technique was developed for use with sugar maple with a crown base 12 to 16 m above the ground A combination of mountaineering, hunting, and fishing equipment and techniques is employed to propel an initial line into the canopy and rig the tree so that a rope can be ascended. Based on several years of development and testing, the technique is assessed with regard to possible variations and other techniques. The method should be most useful for practitioners and researchers working in the crowns of mature, stand-grown hardwood tree species like those found in the northeastern and midwestern North America.
ICBEMP: Aquatic Species and Habitats
Authors: Lee Danny C. , Sedell James R. , Rieman Bruce E. , Thurow Russell F. , Williams Jack E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Continuing human activities threaten the highly prized aquatic resources of the interior Columbia basin. Precipitous declines in native species, particularly Pacific salmon, and a large influx of introduced species have radically altered the composition and distribution of native fishes. Fortunately, areas of relatively high aquatic integrity remain, much of it on federally administered lands. These areas can provide a starting point for protecting and restoring aquatic resources throughout the basin if decisive action is taken.
ICBEMP: Using an Ecoregion Assessment for Integrated Policy Analysis
Authors: Quigley Thomas M. , Haynes Richard W. , Hann Wendel J. , Lee Danny C. , Holthausen Richard S. , Gravenmier Rebecca A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In broad terms, managing an ecosystem means maintaining both the integrity of ecological systems and the resilience of social and economic systems. Ratings of ecological integrity and socioeconomic resilience are combined to make general statements about ecosystem conditions in the interior Columbia basin. Risks to integrity and resilience arise from many sources, both natural and human-caused, and reducing risks in one component may increase risks to another. Three management alternatives--maintaining current practices, restoring with active management, and setting up reserves--present different opportunities to manage the risks inherent in biophysical and social systems and meet ecosystem management goals.
Public Comment on the ICBEMP Process
Authors: Humphrey Cathy , Perez Jerry , Sutton Jody 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
More than 83,000 citizens and interested parties heeded the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project's call for public comment; the content of their letters has been compiled by analysts not involved in the project itself. For every issue raised there were both proponents and critics. Nevertheless, the ICBEMP scientists will seek to incorporate the information and opinions in the final environmental impact statements due next year.
Agroforestry at the University of Missouri
Authors: Hodge Sandra S. , Garrett H. E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Biophysical research at the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry focuses on insect populations, interactions between trees and crops or livestock, and flowering physiology and fruit production. Research in the social dimensions covers the economics of agroforestry as well as willingness to adopt the practices. Information is disseminated through the technology transfer component.
Bermuda: Island Paradise, Ecological Disaster
Authors: Walker Laurence C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Exploitation, escape of introduced exotic species, and insect epidemics have combined to cause the loss of valued Juniperus bermudiana stands on the Atlantic islands. The inability to reestablish stands of the internationally classified endangered species because of social constraints has also altered the island biome. Taxonomic confusion, the symbiotic role of earthworms and "cedars," and the calciphilous nature of junipers are discussed.
A New Natural Resources Degree for a New Century
Authors: Jensen Edward C. , Doescher Paul S. , Shelby Bo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Oregon State University is offering a new interdisciplinary undergraduate degree in natural resources. The degree, which emphasizes the skills and knowledge that students need to manage natural resources, crosses traditional disciplinary boundaries and value systems. The rationale behind the new program is described, as well as the degree requirements and challenges associated with the new degree, including employability, advising depth of content, and the special concerns of students, professors, and administrators.
Ecosystem Management: Capturing the Concept for Woodland Owners
Authors: Rickenbach Mark G. , Kittredge David B. , Dennis Don , Stevens Tom 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
How nonindustrial private forests are managed is crucial in ecosystems where NIPF ownen control most of the land, but ecosystem management is complex. A survey of landowners indicates, however, that most are already predisposed to its basic principles: they understand that their actions affect land elsewhere, they value the components of the landscape, and they want to leave a healthy forest for the next generation. Framing ecosystem-based approaches within those three areas may help foresters work with NIPF owners.
Landscape Management through Integration of Existing Tools and Emerging Technologies
Authors: McCarter James B. , Wilson Jeremy S. , Baker Patrick J. , Moffett Jeffrey L. , Oliver Chadwick D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A landscape approach to forest management must consider the implications of alternative scenarios across stands and through time. The Landscape Management System, a computer program, facilitates implementation of this approach by integrating forest inventories, spatial information, growth models, visualization, summarization, and analysis. A case study with three scenarios--no harvest, clearcut, and thinning--exposes the complex tradeoffs inherent in forest management and highlights the need for comparative analysis tools.
Forestry Operations in the Next Century: A Canadian Perspective
Authors: Guimier Daniel Y. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
An analysis of technical, social, and economic trends helps predict how forestry operations can meet future demands while remaining profitable. Among the findings: herbicides and pesticides will be phased out; silvicultural systems will encourage the natural evolution of the forest; machines will be equipped with vision, intelligence, and navigation systems; and increasingly sophisticated decision-support tools will optimize forestry operations within environmental and social parameters. Such technology will allow workers to concentrate on making strategic decisions rather than on performing routine tasks.
Techniques for Visualizing the Appearance of Forestry Operations
Authors: McGaughey Robert J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Properly used, computer visualizations are powerful tools for educating people about forestry operations and comparing management alternatives. Four techniques are suitable for depicting the results of timber harvests: geometric modeling, video imaging, a hybrid combining geometric modeling and video imaging, and image draping. Which is most appropriate depends on its intended use. Criteria for selecting the best technique are the size of the project area, the goal of the visualization, the level of detail that must be shown, and the data available for describing the area.
Leaf Area Allocation: How Does It Work?
Authors: O'Hara Kevin L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To implement multiaged systems, managers need a flexible way to allocate growing space among age classes. A three-aged ponderosa pine structure in western Montana exemplifies a leaf area allocation approach. Given a description of a stand structure, the model predicts average diameters, stand density parameters, and volume increment for each stand component and for the total stand.
The Right to Practice Forestry: Laws Restricting Nuisance Suits and Municipal Ordinances
Authors: Malmsheimer Robert W. , Floyd Donald W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Forest landowners, like farmers, have been subjected to nuisance lawsuits and local ordinances regulating their activities. Two types of right-to-practice-forestry laws offer varying degrees of protection: those that provide a defense against nuisance lawsuits, and those that restrict the ability of local governments to regulate forestry activities. Such laws are becoming more prevalent, but once they are enacted, only legislators can redefine legal and illegal forestry activities. State lawmakers, not foresters, are thus determining the management options of forest landowners.
What Managers Are Saying -- and Doing -- about Wilderness Experience Programs
Authors: Gager Dan , Hendee John C. , Kinziger Mike , Krumpe Ed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A survey of wilderness managers in federal agencies revealed concerns about the impacts of wilderness experience programs, whose participants seek personal growth, therapy, or education through wilderness activity. Some managers call for more restrictive policies, but many believe more cooperation between program leaders and agency managers can resolve the problems. Better understanding of this growing use of wilderness will help agencies work with programs to reduce ecological impact on the land and conflicts among users.
Integrating Disciplines in an Undergraduate Curriculum
Authors: Ginger Clare , Wang Deane , Tritton Louise 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Given the cross-disciplinary nature of natural resource management, integrating fields of knowledge in natural resource curricula has become an important challenge for universities. We developed three models for integrating ecological and social science courses. The models varied in the degree to which they achieved integration in process, disciplinary content, methods of analysis, and relationship of integration to disciplinary distinctions. They were implemented sequentially, and course structure, pedagogy, and content were altered to emphasize particular aspects of integration and respond to students' comments and administrative concerns.
Regulation and Stumpage Prices: A Tale of Two States
Authors: Kittredge David B. , Rickenbach Mark G. , Broderick Stephen H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Conventional wisdom suggests that the regulation of timber harvesting adds expense to the process, thereby reducing profitability, and that landowners would bear the resulting cost of this regulation through reduced stumpage values. This study compared more than five years of quarterly stumpage prices in Massachusetts, a state with comprehensive statewide forest cutting practices regulations, with prices in Connecticut, a similar and adjacent state with no such regulations. The results suggest that the Massachusetts regulations do not adversely affect stumpage prices and landowner profit from the sale of timber.
Ecosystem Management and Public Participation: Lessons from the Field
Authors: Smith Patrick D. , McDonough Maureen H. , Mang Michael T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study explores the public participation component of the Northern Lower Michigan Ecosystem Management Project. The study was conducted to determine the perceptions of natural resource professionals about public participation and document how those perceptions change over time as a result of a nontraditional, focus group--based model of public participation. The professionals' perceptions were then compared with public perceptions about public participation processes. The results suggest that the new approaches to public participation embodied in ecosystem management are more consistent with public desires than are traditional methods, but improvements are still possible.
Community-Based Forest Management in the Philippines
Authors: Johnson Todd R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Some of the most severely degraded forests of the Philippines are being restored by local community groups whose members are new-comers to forestry. As stakeholders, they are developing their own criteria and indicators for evaluating the environmental and social consequences of their field practices, with the technical assistance of the Philippine natural resources agency and other advisers. Eventually, those homegrown criteria may be used for external assessments by international certifying organizations. Although establishing criteria and indicators cannot guarantee sustainable forest management, initial results indicate that they can prevent field practices from further degrading the country's forest ecosystems and forest-dependent communities.
Four Decades of Forest Science
Authors: Stier Jeffrey C. , Orlemann Andrew , Steele Thomas W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Forest Science was launched in 1955. Publication patterns reveal that most authors have been affiliated with US universities and most papers have been in the area of forest ecology, mensuration, and forest biology. During the 1970s and 1980s there was a trend toward longer papers and more authors per paper; in 1994 the first trend reversed but not the second. Forest Science is well respected as one of, if not the leading scientific outlet for forestry publications. But the advent of related journals and increasing specialization of fields could change its publication patterns.
The Religion of Forestry: Scientific Management
Authors: Nelson Robert H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The guiding philosophy of the USDA Forest Service in the 20th century has been scientific management. Due in part to many failures of scientific management, and also to basic shifts in American values, this philosophy is no longer appropriate. The Forest Service is left without any clear role. Ecosystem management is an awkward compromise that is not likely to solve the problem. If the agency cannot define a clearer and more widely accepted mission to guide its efforts, its future existence will be in doubt.
Scenario Planning: Wading Into the Real World
Authors: Dewhurst Stephen M. , Kessler Winifred B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
An innovative approach used at the University of Northern British Columbia helps develop the "target qualities" (Kessler 1999) of graduates in natural resources management. Scenario planning is used to engage students in projects that represent the complexity and peculiarities of natural resources management in British Columbia today. Although it is not a panacea, scenario planning does promote the development of the skills, knowledge, and perspectives required to address complex problems.
Adopting an Annual Inventory System: User Perspectives
Authors: Van Deusen Paul C. , Prisley Stephen P. , Lucier Alan A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The nation's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program is moving from a periodic to an annual forest inventory system. The annual system will better meet the increasing demand for current information and is backed by legislative mandate in the 1998 Farm Bill. For the annual system to succeed, FIA will need increased state-level participation, internal changes in emphasis, and greater use of technology. FIA personnel should be proud of the public support that led to this opportunity and respond quickly and decisively to a clear mandate for change.
High Expectations, Unexpected Benefits: What Managers and Owners Think of Certification
Authors: Hayward Jeffrey , Vertinsky Ilan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Interviews were conducted to determine the motives and record the experiences of US forest owners and managers whose forests were certified by the Forest Stewardship Council. Nonindustrial private forest owners sought certification largely out of a commitment to forest stewardship; they consider the cost of meeting contract conditions part of the normal business of improving their practices. Industrial private, public, and professional resource managers expected a price premium for certified wood. Although higher profits haven't been realized, many of those surveyed said the certification process let them examine their practices without the political calculations that debates on forestry often trigger.
Will Consumers Pay More for Certified Wood Products?
Authors: Forsyth Keith , Haley David , Kozak Robert 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Insight into customers' attitudes toward certified wood products can help gauge whether a viable market exists. When buying wood products, people in our sample--300 customers in the British Columbia home improvement market--shop first for quality and then for price. Although environmental attributes, including certification, are less important than many other criteria that consumers consider, some say that they are willing to pay a premium for certified wood products; whether they would actually do so is another question. Cluster analysis provides a profile of the consumers who might be likely to purchase certified wood products.
Mushrooms and Timber: Managing Commercial Harvesting in the Oregon Cascades
Authors: Pilz David , Smith Jerry , Amaranthus Michael P. , Alexander Susan , Molina Randy , Luoma Daniel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
American matsutake (Tricholoma magnivelare), which are harvested from Forest Service lands in the southern Oregon Cascade Range, provide commercial, recreational, subsistence, and cultural opportunities to forest users. The Winema and Deschutes National Forests have used collection permits and educational programs to address concerns about harvesters activities and resource sustainability. Research on matsutake productivity shows that silvicultural options may reduce fire danger and provide revenue, jobs, and wood while improving forest health and increasing the availability of the mushrooms. Thus forest managers can expand their planning and management activities to enhance the commercial value of forests.
State Forestry Agencies and Biodiversity Programs: Who's Responsible for Conserving Forest Biodiversity?
Authors: Zumeta David C. , Ellefson Paul V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
State natural resource agencies often have primary responsibility for conserving forest biodiversity. Little is known, however, about the appropriate organizational location for biodiversity programs in state government, suitable levels of financial and professional investment in such programs, useful strategies for coordinating programs located in different administrative settings, and the effectiveness of biodiversity programs. A survey of forestry agency and biodiversity program administrators in all 50 states provides useful insights about how state agencies might effectively administer and organize programs to conserve forest biodiversity. Direct contact between staffs is essential.
Coarse Woody Debris in Riparian Zones: Opportunity for Interdisciplinary Interaction
Authors: Bragg Don C. , Kershner Jeffrey L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In managing coarse woody debris, foresters, fishery biologists, wildlife managers, gemorphologists, recreation specialists, and policy personnel have many opportunities to coordinate watershed planning, cooperatively utilize natural patterns and processes, and improve socioecological systems. Past (and even present) management of riparian debris has been inconsistent. But a growing body of biophysical evidence, coupled with growing acceptance of ecosystem management on public lands, gives hope that together we can sustain this vital component of ecosystem integrity.
Mission Impossible
Authors: Sedjo Roger A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A member of the Committee of Scientists sees in its report a new mandate for the Forest Service--a mission that conflicts with existing statutory objectives. If such a change is warranted, he argues, it should reflect the judgment of the American people rather than the values of the appointed scientists. In any case, he believes, without basic reform of the budget process, the planning process recommended by the committee will do little to improve the outcome. And the chance that Congress will fully fund implementation of the committee's proposals is remote.
Distributing GIS Capabilities to Forestry Field Offices: Benefits and Challenges
Authors: Bettinger Pete 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Distributing the analytical and map production capabilities of a geographic information system (GIS) to field offices benefits staff in many ways, including facilitating more informed and timely management decisions. Forest management organizations may encounter problems in shifting GIS functions from a central office to field offices, however. Success depends on the readiness of field office staff, the extent of database availability, access to the necessary technology (hardware and software), and degree of organizational commitment to the distributed-GIS approach.
The New Owners of Small Private Forests in Ireland
Authors: Dhubhain Aine Ni , Wall Sarah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Private forestry has expanded rapidly in Ireland during the past two decades. Much of the increase in planting is by first-time nonindustrial private forest owners. Little is known about these new investors in forestry and even less about the kind of management being undertaken in the new private plantations. A study examines how Irish owners manage their forests and what sources of forestry information they prefer. One finding: the majority rely on management companies for afforestation yet intend to carry out operations themselves once the management contract expires. Most of these forest owners have no tradition, experience, or knowledge of woodland management.
Elevated Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere: What Might It Mean for Loblolly Pine Plantation Forestry?
Authors: Groninger John W. , Johnsen Kurt H. , Seiler John R. , Will Rodney E. , Ellsworth David S. , Maier Chris A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Research with Loblolly pine suggests that projected increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration will accelerate early growth and could result in shorter rotation length, reduced time until first commercial thinning, higher optimal planting density, and possibly higher maximum stocking level in managed stands. We discuss some of the physiological processes and stand dynamics that underlie these changes, as well as silvicultural strategies that may serve to ensure sustainability of intensively managed forest systems in the face of increasing CO2 and possible climate change.
Predicting Sedimentation from Forest Roads
Authors: Elliot William J. , Hall David E. , Graves Susan R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The water erosion prediction project (WEPP) model was run to predict sedimentation from forest roads for more than 50,000 combinations of distance between cross drains, road gradient, soil texture, distance from stream, steepness of the buffer between the road and the stream, and climate. The results of these WEPP runs can be viewed through computer interfaces developed for both Windows and the Internet. They offer natural resource managers a way to estimate road sediment yields quickly for a wide range of conditions. The programs are fast, simple to use, and a significant improvement over most current methods that estimate road sediment yields to streams.