bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated registration of high‐resolution satellite images
Authors: Zhang Chunsun , Fraser Clive S. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Automatic registration of remotely sensed imagery is an important technique in GIS as geographical databases need to undergo frequent updating due to rapid changes in the physical environment. While satellite imagery, with its recently enhanced spatial, spectral and temporal resolution, allows for accurate and reliable detection and characterisation of patterns of change, a key factor that dictates the validity and reliability of change detection results is the quality of image registration. There is a need to develop robust registration procedures for multitemporal, multi‐spectral and/or multiresolution imagery captured from different sensors to facilitate the change detection process. This paper discusses an approach for automated image registration based on a hierarchical image matching strategy. Following an initial feature‐point extraction phase, the method uses the similarity of grey levels to find homologous point candidates across the images. A hierarchical image pyramid is used to enhance both the success rate and reliability of matching while reducing the computational complexity. The adopted approach also uses contextual information to achieve locally consistent matches. Implementation and testing of the proposed method has involved imagery from different sensors. Here, results are reported for IKONOS and QuickBird data over test sites in Hobart, Australia and Thimphu, Bhutan. The potential of operational automatic image registration in the process of change detection is illustrated by means of these test results.
Occlusion‐Compensated True Orthorectification For High‐Resolution Satellite Images
Authors: Chen Liang‐Chien , Teo Tee‐Ann , Wen Jen‐Yu , Rau Jiann‐Yeou 
Published: April 2007

Abstract This paper describes a method to generate true ortho‐images from high‐resolution satellite images. Multi‐view images are used to compensate for hidden areas. This work includes three steps: (1) the generation of traditional ortho‐images using a terrain model, (2) the relief correction for buildings, and (3) the detection of, and compensation for, hidden areas. A rational function model (RFM) is used to determine the geometric correspondence between the image space and the object space. In the generation of traditional ortho‐images, RFM parameters and a digital terrain model (DTM) are employed to rectify tilt displacements and relief displacements for the terrain. Then, using a digital building model (DBM), relief displacements for buildings are computed. The purpose of the detection of hidden areas is to avoid double mapping. Considering the satellite's small field of view, an efficient method for the detection of hidden areas and building rectification is proposed. The test area covers the city of Hsinchu in northern Taiwan. The test images are obtained from the QuickBird satellite.
Ngāi Tahu Historiography
Authors: Wanhalla Angela 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis article outlines the trajectory of historical writing about Ngāi Tahu, the predominant Māori tribe of New Zealand's South Island. It is argued that the predominant concern of the literature has revolved around colonialism and colonisation, and within this, colonial practices of land alienation has been the preoccupation. These historic injustices have been acknowledged by the New Zealand government in a full and final settlement with Ngāi Tahu signed in 1999. With the resolution of the Ngāi Tahu land claim, the scholarship about colonialism can now be opened up to a definition that extends beyond colonial power and authority, to consider the multiple and diverse responses to encounter throughout the nineteenth century and beyond. This article argues for a revision of colonialism and encounter in Ngāi Tahu territory, which unites intimate experiences with colonial practices and policies. A focus on interracial marriage offers an opportunity to begin this revision.
The ‘Bring out a Briton’ Campaign of 1957 and British Migration to Australia in the 1950s
Authors: Hassam Andrew 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn 1957, the Australian Government launched a new assisted migration scheme aimed at bolstering the proportion of British migrants entering Australia. The ‘Bring out a Briton’ campaign was directed at the Australian public rather than, as in previous migration campaigns, the potential migrants and the Government called on community groups to address public anxiety about the high proportion of non‐British European migrants entering Australia. The campaign focussed public debate on the future of Australia as a British country, with the Immigration Minister caught between an establishment intent on maintaining the British character of Australia through the inflow of people of ‘British stock’, and ‘New Australians’, Australians of European descent who objected to British preference. The debate reflected broader public uncertainty about Australia's place in the postwar world, and the pages of Australia's metropolitan daily newspapers witnessed the forging of the terms in which Australia's British values were recast as Australian Western values, enabling Australia to remain part of the British Commonwealth of Nations while developing a role independent of Britain within an anti‐Communist Western bloc.
Bounded Rationality
Authors: Grüne‐Yanoff Till 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe notion of bounded rationality has recently gained considerable popularity in the behavioural and social sciences. This article surveys the different usages of the term, in particular the way ‘anomalosus’ behavioural phenomena are elicited, how these phenomena are incorporated in model building, and what sort of new theories of behaviour have been developed to account for bounded rationality in choice and in deliberation. It also discusses the normative relevance of bounded rationality, in particular as a justifier of non‐standard reasoning and deliberation heuristics. For each of these usages, the overview discusses the central methodological problems.
Musical Expressiveness
Authors: Matravers Derek 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis article assesses the current state of the philosophical debate regarding the expression of emotion in music, or expressive properties of music. It defines the question, explores a few false‐starts and then considers the solution that expressive properties are a matter of a certain ‘way of appearing’ of the music. This solution is associated with Stephen Davies and Jerrold Levinson, whose work is discussed. It is argued that work in this area has reached an impasse, and it is not clear where we should go next.
The Paradox of Evil in Tiantai Buddhist Philosophy
Authors: Liu Jee Loo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA unique thesis of Tiantai Buddhism is the claim that human nature contains evil and that even the Buddha cannot be completely rid of his evil nature. The thesis was most vigorously defended and developed by a Tiantai monk, Zhili (ad 960–1028). This thesis has attracted a lot of discussion among Tiantai scholars. Their debate focuses on whether this thesis is truly representative of the original doctrine of the Tiantai founder, Zhiyi (of the sixth century ad). In 2000, Brook Ziporyn published a book Evil and/or/as the Good, which offers Tiantai's evil‐nature thesis a novel explanation and justification. This book sparked a series of discussion on whether evil is not only necessary but also ‘valuable’. This present project gives an overview of these debates and provides a fresh insight on the topic.
Inferences and Observations of Turbulent Dissipation and Mixing in the Upper Ocean at the Hawaiian Ridge
Authors: Martin Joseph P. , Rudnick Daniel L. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The Hawaiian Ridge is one of the most energetic generators of internal tides in the pelagic ocean. The density and current structure of the upper ocean at the Hawaiian Ridge were observed using SeaSoar and Doppler sonar during a survey extending from Oahu to Brooks Banks and up to 200 km from the ridge peak. Survey observations are used to quantify spatial changes in internal-wave-induced turbulent dissipation and mixing. The turbulent dissipation rate of kinetic energy ɛ and diapycnal eddy diffusivity Kρ are inferred from an established parameterization using internal wave shear as input. At the Kauai Channel (KC) and French Frigate Shoals/Brooks Banks sites, ɛ and Kρ decay away from the ridge with maxima exceeding minima by 5 times. At both sites, average Kρ is everywhere greater than the canonical open-ocean value of 10−5 m2 s−1. Along the ridge, ɛ and Kρ vary by up to 100 times and are largest at sites of largest numerical model internal tide energy density. In the eastern KC, Kρ &gt; 10−3 m2 s−1 is typical in a patch more than 200 m thick located above the path of an M2 internal tide ray. An upper limit on the dissipation rate from M2 internal tides to turbulence within 50 km of the Hawaiian Ridge is roughly estimated to be in the range of 4–9 GW. At KC, the depth-integrated internal wave energy density and dissipation rate are positively correlated. Potential density inversions occur near the main ridge axis at significant topographic features. Average Kρ is larger inside inversions.
Bermuda’s Tale of Two Time Series: Hydrostation S and BATS*
Authors: Phillips Helen E. , Joyce Terrence M. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
This paper describes the oceanic variability at Bermuda between 1989 and 1999, recorded in two overlapping hydrographic time series. Station S and Bermuda Atlantic Time Series Study (BATS), which are 60 km apart, both show that a multidecadal trend of deep warming has reversed, likely as a result of the increased production of Labrador Sea Water since the early 1980s. In addition to recording similar changes in watermass properties, the two time series show similar mean vertical structure and variance as a function of pressure for temperature, salinity, and density above 1500 dbar. The seasonal cycles of these water properties at the two sites are statistically indistinguishable. The time series differ in the individual eddy events they record and in their variability below 1500 dbar. The two time series are used to investigate the propagation of eddy features. Coherence and phase calculated from the low-mode variability of density show westward propagation at ∼3 cm s−1 of wavelengths around 300–500 km. Satellite altimeter data are used to provide a broader spatial view of the eddy (or wave) field near Bermuda.
Deep-Current Variability near the Sigsbee Escarpment in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Hamilton Peter 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Observations of deep currents, from a closely spaced array deployed at the base of the Sigsbee Escarpment, south of the Mississippi Delta, are dominated by energetic, short-period (∼10 days) topographic Rossby waves. Over a 2-yr interval, distinct trains of waves occurred, with differing characteristic periods, wavelengths, and horizontal energy distribution, usually initiated with a burst of large-amplitude current fluctuations that slowly decay over the next 2–3 months. Two of the wave trains were associated with the shedding and westward passage of major Loop Current anticyclones; however, one event occurred when upper-layer currents were quiescent. This latter wave train showed that bottom-trapped topographic wave motions can be traced to within 300 m of the surface in a 2000-m water column. Ray tracing showed that a likely source region of the short-period waves was the west side of an extended Loop Current. The data and ray paths suggest that, through refraction and reflection, the steep escarpment keeps the energetic waves confined to the deep water. These mechanisms help to explain why short-period fluctuations are not observed farther west in the central and western gulf basin.
A Model Analysis of the Behavior of the Mediterranean Water in the North Atlantic
Authors: Jia Yanli , Coward Andrew C. , de Cuevas Beverly A. , Webb David J. , Drijfhout Sybren S. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The behavior of the Mediterranean Water in the North Atlantic Ocean sector of a global ocean general circulation model is explored, starting from its entry point at the Strait of Gibraltar. The analysis focuses primarily on one experiment in which explicit watermass exchange between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic at the Strait of Gibraltar is permitted. The model produces an exchange rate of approximately 1 Sv (Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1). This is comparable to estimates derived from field measurements. The density of the Mediterranean outflow, however, is lower than observed, mainly because of its high temperature (more than 2°C higher than in reality). The lower density of the outflow and the model’s inadequate representation of the entrainment mixing in the outflow region cause the Mediterranean Water to settle in a depth range ∼800–1000 m in the North Atlantic, about 200 m shallower than observed. Here an interesting current system forms in response to the intrusion of the Mediterranean Water, involving three main pathways. In the first, the Mediterranean Water heads roughly westward across the basin and joins the deep western boundary current. In the second, the water travels northward along the eastern boundary reaching as far as Iceland, where it turns westward to participate in the deep circulation of the subpolar gyre. In the third, the water initially moves westward to the central Atlantic just north of 30°N before turning northwestward to reach an upwelling region at the Grand Banks off Newfoundland. At this location, the saline Mediterranean Water is drawn upward to the ocean upper layer and entrained into the North Atlantic Current system flowing to the northeastern basin; part of the current system enters the Nordic seas.
Three-Dimensional Structure of Frontal Waves and Associated Salinity Minimum Formation along the Kuroshio Extension
Authors: Kouketsu Shinya , Yasuda Ichiro , Hiroe Yutaka 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
High-resolution hydrographic observations were conducted in September 2002 to describe the detailed structure of frontal waves along the Kuroshio Extension. Frontal waves were observed both in the upper and intermediate layers, which corresponded to the depths of North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water and North Pacific Intermediate Water, respectively. The frontal wave in the upper layer preceded the intermediate-depth frontal wave by about 1/4 wavelength. The vertical phase lag created situations in which the low-salinity Oyashio water in the intermediate layer was superimposed below the upper-layer high-salinity Kuroshio water, thus forming a vertical salinity minimum. The frontal waves with a wavelength of about 200 km and a phase speed of 0.2–0.3 m s−1 propagating in the downstream direction were consistent with those from satellite images. Vertical velocity fields were estimated with the quasigeostrophic omega equation. Downwelling around the trough (from the crest to trough) of the intermediate-depth (upper layer) frontal wave and upwelling around the crest (from the trough to the crest) were similar to the features observed in the Gulf Stream meanders. The phase difference between the upper and intermediate layers suggested that the frontal waves were baroclinically unstable waves.
Spectral Energy Fluxes in Geostrophic Turbulence: Implications for Ocean Energetics
Authors: Scott Robert B. , Arbic Brian K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe energy pathways in geostrophic turbulence are explored using a two-layer, flat-bottom, f-plane, quasigeostrophic model forced by an imposed, horizontally homogenous, baroclinically unstable mean flow and damped by bottom Ekman friction. A systematic presentation of the spectral energy fluxes, the mean flow forcing, and dissipation terms allows for a comprehensive understanding of the sources and sinks for baroclinic and barotropic energy as a function of length scale. The key new result is a robust inverse cascade of kinetic energy for both the baroclinic mode and the upper layer. This is consistent with recent observations of satellite altimeter data over the South Pacific Ocean. The well-known forward cascade of baroclinic potential and total energy was found to be very robust. Decomposing the spectral fluxes into contributions from different terms provided further insight. The inverse baroclinic kinetic energy cascade is driven mostly by an efficient interaction between the baroclinic velocity and the barotropic vorticity, the latter playing a crucial catalytic role. This cascade can be further enhanced by the baroclinic mode self-interaction, which is only present with nonuniform stratification (unequal layer depths). When model parameters are set such that modeled eddies compare favorably with observations, the inverse baroclinic kinetic energy cascade is actually much stronger than the well-known inverse cascade in the barotropic mode. The upper-layer kinetic energy cascade was found to dominate the lower-layer cascade over a wide range of parameters, suggesting that the surface cascade and time mean density stratification may be sufficient for estimating the depth-integrated cascade from ocean observations. This may find useful application in inferring the kinetic to gravitational potential energy conversion rate from satellite measurements.
Enhanced phosphorylation of Nbs1, a member of DNA repair/checkpoint complex Mre11-RAD50-Nbs1, can be targeted to increase the efficacy of imatinib mesylate against BCR/ABL-positive leukemia cells
Authors: Rink Lori , Slupianek Artur , Stoklosa Tomasz , Nieborowska-Skorska Margaret , Urbanska Katarzyna , Seferynska Ilona , Reiss Krzysztof , Skorski Tomasz 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Nbs1, a member of the Mre11-RAD50-Nbs1 complex, is phosphorylated by ATM, the product of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene and a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–related family of serine-threonine kinases, in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) to regulate DNA damage checkpoints. Here we show that BCR/ABL stimulated Nbs1 expression by induction of c-Myc–dependent transactivation and protection from caspase-dependent degradation. BCR/ABL-related fusion tyrosine kinases (FTKs) such as TEL/JAK2, TEL/PDGFβR, TEL/ABL, TEL/TRKC, BCR/FGFR1, and NPM/ALK as well as interleukin 3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and stem cell factor (SCF) also stimulated Nbs1 expression. Enhanced ATM kinase–dependent phosphorylation of Nbs1 on serine 343 (S343) in response to genotoxic treatment was detected in leukemia cells expressing BCR/ABL and other FTKs in comparison to normal counterparts stimulated with IL-3, GM-CSF, and SCF. Expression of Nbs1-S343A mutant disrupted the intra–S-phase checkpoint, decreased homologous recombinational repair (HRR) activity, down-regulated XIAP expression, and sensitized BCR/ABL-positive cells to cytotoxic drugs. Interestingly, inhibition of Nbs1 phosphorylation by S343A mutant enhanced the antileukemia effect of the combination of imatinib and genotoxic agent.
Disruption of palladin leads to defects in definitive erythropoiesis by interfering with erythroblastic island formation in mouse fetal liver
Authors: Liu Xue-Song , Li Xi-Hua , Wang Yi , Shu Run-Zhe , Wang Long , Lu Shun-Yuan , Kong Hui , Jin Yue-E , Zhang Li-Jun , Fei Jian , Chen Sai-Juan , Chen Zhu , Gu Ming-Min , Lu Zhen-Yu , Wang Zhu-Gang 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Palladin was originally found up-regulated with NB4 cell differentiation induced by all-trans retinoic acid. Disruption of palladin results in neural tube closure defects, liver herniation, and embryonic lethality. Here we further report that Palld−/− embryos exhibit a significant defect in erythropoiesis characterized by a dramatic reduction in definitive erythrocytes derived from fetal liver but not primitive erythrocytes from yolk sac. The reduction of erythrocytes is accompanied by increased apoptosis of erythroblasts and partial blockage of erythroid differentiation. However, colony-forming assay shows no differences between wild-type (wt) and mutant fetal liver or yolk sac in the number and size of colonies tested. In addition, Palld−/− fetal liver cells can reconstitute hematopoiesis in lethally irradiated mice. These data strongly suggest that deficient erythropoiesis in Palld−/− fetal liver is mainly due to a compromised erythropoietic microenvironment. As expected, erythroblastic island in Palld−/− fetal liver was found disorganized. Palld−/− fetal liver cells fail to form erythroblastic island in vitro. Interestingly, wt macrophages can form such units with either wt or mutant erythroblasts, while mutant macrophages lose their ability to bind wt or mutant erythroblasts. These data demonstrate that palladin is crucial for definitive erythropoiesis and erythroblastic island formation and, especially, required for normal function of macrophages in fetal liver.
Atomic and Electronic Structures and Properties of Nanomaterials on Metal Substrates
Authors: Kiguchi Manabu 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
We have fabricated well-defined nanostructures and investigate their chemical and physical properties. First, we studied atomic and electronic structures of alkali halide films grown on metal substrates. Alkali halides were found to grow heteroepitaxially on fcc metal (001) surfaces, that is, a well-defined insulator/metal interface could be prepared. We could obtain clear experimental evidence for the formation of metal-induced gap states at the interface using near edge X-ray absorption fine structure. Second, we fabricated a polar MgO(111) thin film by alternate adsorption of Mg and O2 on Ag(111). The polar MgO(111) surface was not an insulating surface, but a semiconducting or metallic surface. Third, we studied the chemical and physical properties of these well-defined nanostructures. In case of monoatomic Au wires, we succeeded in controlling the switching behavior of conductance by the external perturbation, electrochemical potential.
Reversible O2-Binding and Activation with Dicopper and Diiron Complexes Stabilized by Various Hexapyridine Ligands. Stability, Modulation, and Flexibility of the Dinuclear Structure as Key Aspects for the Dimetal/O2 Chemistry
Authors: Kodera Masahito , Kano Koji 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Reversible O2-binding and activation have been studied using dicopper and diiron complexes of various hexapyridine ligands as functional models of hemocyanin (Hc) and soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO), respectively. Dicopper(I) complexes of sterically hindered hexapyridine ligands react with O2 to form μ-η2:η2-peroxo–dicopper(II) complexes stable at room temperature, which release O2 to attain reversible O2-binding. When a sterically hindered hexapyridine ligand methylated at the bridgehead positions is used, the O2-release becomes easier, and reversibility is greatly improved. Detailed structural studies of CuI and CuII complexes of sterically hindered tripyridine ligands showed that the bridgehead alkyl group causes a pyridine shift leading to structural modulation of the copper complexes. A hexapyridine ligand can be used to form a thermally stable peroxo–diiron(III) complex, which can oxygenate hydrocarbons upon addition of acid chloride/DMF. Diiron(III) complexes of a bis-tpa type hexapyridine ligand catalyze epoxidation of various alkenes with H2O2. A peroxo–diiron(III) complex is detected as an intermediate. Detailed isotope-labeling experiments showed that the peroxo intermediate is converted to dioxo–μ-oxo–diiron(IV) complex, and that three oxygen atoms of the active species scramble with each other. Stable dinuclear structure, structural modulation, and structural flexibility, which may be from the hexapyridine ligands, play key roles in reversible O2-binding and activation by the dicopper and diiron complexes.