bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEALYBUG WILT OF PINEAPPLE; A REAPPRAISAL*
Authors: Carter Walter 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARYA working hypothesis that a latent factor is involved in mealybug wilt was adopted.The toxic effects of mealybug feeding, apart from mealybug wilt, were demonstrated by the use of mealybugs from host plants not susceptible to wilt and by previously unfed colonies of mealybugs.These toxic effects, interpreted as inducing conditions of stress, were expressed in growth depression, accentuation of normal color characteristics, and premature fruiting.Virgin colony feeding can increase the susceptibility of pineapple plants to wilt and can also induce wilt if the test plants are positive sources.There is sometimes a considerable lag in time between the insect's feeding and the expression of symptoms of the resulting toxicity.Two examples are recorded of symptoms of genetic weakness being forced into expression by virgin colony feeding or by mealybugs from sisal or grasses.The wilt‐inducing secretion is believed to be the result of a synthesis by the mealybug, the effectiveness of the mealybugs being governed by the physiological activity of the leaves on which they feed and the number of mealybugs involved.The capacity to induce wilt is lost if an intermediate feeding as a negative source plant is interposed between the positive source feeding and feeding on the test plant. This is interpreted as an exhaustion process.The existence of a latent factor has been demonstrated by establishment of positive source value in the absence of wilting. The influence of virgin colony feeding, after inoculation feeding but not before, is clearly shown.The mature green distal leaf tissue is not receptive to the latent factor although the mealybug can synthesize the wilt secretion on such tissue. There is evidence that Phenacoccus solani (Ferris) can, in some circumstances, transmit the latent factor although it has not thus far induced wilt.The hypothesis that the insect's secretions activate the latent factor is rejected; instead, the insect's normal secretions as typified by those from the previously unfed insects, increase the concentration and/or distribution of the latent factor in the plant. The insect's secretion causing wilt is believed to be synthesized by the mealybug when it feeds on a plant which has been modified as a nutrional substratum for the mealybug by the presence of the latent factor.Since the latent factor is transmissible and retained in a vegetatively reproduced plant it is presumed to be a latent virus. Its retention at demonstrable levels is aided by the feeding of fairly large mealybug colonies. The rarity of such colonies in commercial fields accounts therefore for the relative rarity of positive source plants and the almost complete absence of mealybug wilt.
DISC ELECTROPHORESIS ON POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS OF SERUM MUCOIDS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH SELECTED CHRONIC DISEASES*
Authors: Price Winston H. , Harrison Harvey , Ferebee Shirley H. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryA reproducible method is described for fractionating the seromucoid component of human serum by disc electrophoresis with polyacrylamide gels. Preliminary results suggest there may be at least five distinct patterns of the seromucoid fractions in testing sera from healthy individuals and patients with a variety of diseases. The significance of differences in patterns remains to be determined.
EFFECTS OF ACIDOSIS ON RESPIRATORY FUNCTION*
Authors: Enson Yale 
Published: December 2006

Summary and ConclusionsThe net effect of acidosis on the respiratory apparatus is an elevation of ventilation‐perfusion ratios. Alveolar ventilation is augmented; perfusion of the well‐ventilated portion of the lung is enhanced, while perfusion of the poorly ventilated space is diminished. A larger volume of oxygen is made available for release to the tissues.Carbon dioxide has been shown to have no effect on the pulmonary vasculature or on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve independent of the changes in hydrogen ion concentration it produces. Its role with respect to the control of ventilation has not yet clearly been defined.
THE PLANETARY FOOD POTENTIAL
Authors: Schmitt Walter R. 
Published: December 2006

“A knowledge of what nature produces when she is left to herself is one of the indispensable requisites of wise exploitation.”“Whether the earth was created for mansor with man, they are inter‐dependent correlated expressions of life, and it is either man's God‐given or man's inevitable responsibility to explore, develop and distribute the earth's material natural resources for the benefit rather than the ultimate impoverishment o f himself and his fellow‐men.”
In Situ Biosurfactant Production by
Bacillus
Strains Injected into a Limestone Petroleum Reservoir
Authors: Youssef N. , Simpson D. R. , Duncan K. E. , McInerney M. J. , Folmsbee M. , Fincher T. , Knapp R. M. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

Biosurfactant-mediated oil recovery may be an economic approach for recovery of significant amounts of oil entrapped in reservoirs, but evidence that biosurfactants can be produced in situ at concentrations needed to mobilize oil is lacking. We tested whether two
Bacillus
strains that produce lipopeptide biosurfactants can metabolize and produce their biosurfactants in an oil reservoir. Five wells that produce from the same Viola limestone formation were used. Two wells received an inoculum (a mixture of
Bacillus
strain RS-1 and
Bacillus subtilis
subsp.
spizizenii
NRRL B-23049) and nutrients (glucose, sodium nitrate, and trace metals), two wells received just nutrients, and one well received only formation water. Results showed in situ metabolism and biosurfactant production. The average concentration of lipopeptide biosurfactant in the produced fluids of the inoculated wells was about 90 mg/liter. This concentration is approximately nine times the minimum concentration required to mobilize entrapped oil from sandstone cores. Carbon dioxide, acetate, lactate, ethanol, and 2,3-butanediol were detected in the produced fluids of the inoculated wells. Only CO
2
and ethanol were detected in the produced fluids of the nutrient-only-treated wells. Microbiological and molecular data showed that the microorganisms injected into the formation were retrieved in the produced fluids of the inoculated wells. We provide essential data for modeling microbial oil recovery processes in situ, including growth rates (0.06 ± 0.01 h
−1
), carbon balances (107% ± 34%), biosurfactant production rates (0.02 ± 0.001 h
−1
), and biosurfactant yields (0.015 ± 0.001 mol biosurfactant/mol glucose). The data demonstrate the technical feasibility of microbial processes for oil recovery.
The C-Terminal Domain of MinC Inhibits Assembly of the Z Ring in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Shiomi Daisuke , Margolin William 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

In
Escherichia coli
, the Min system, consisting of three proteins, MinC, MinD, and MinE, negatively regulates FtsZ assembly at the cell poles, helping to ensure that the Z ring will assemble only at midcell. Of the three Min proteins, MinC is sufficient to inhibit Z-ring assembly. By binding to MinD, which is mostly localized at the membrane near the cell poles, MinC is sequestered away from the cell midpoint, increasing the probability of Z-ring assembly there. Previously, it has been shown that the two halves of MinC have two distinct functions. The N-terminal half is sufficient for inhibition of FtsZ assembly, whereas the C-terminal half of the protein is required for binding to MinD as well as to a component of the division septum. In this study, we discovered that overproduction of the C-terminal half of MinC (MinC
122-231
) could also inhibit cell division and that this inhibition was at the level of Z-ring disassembly and dependent on MinD. We also found that fusing green fluorescent protein to either the N-terminal end of MinC
122-231
, the C terminus of full-length MinC, or the C terminus of MinC
122-231
perturbed MinC function, which may explain why cell division inhibition by MinC
122-231
was not detected previously. These results suggest that the C-terminal half of MinC has an additional function in the regulation of Z-ring assembly.
Phenotypic Diversification and Adaptation ofSerratia marcescensMG1 Biofilm-Derived Morphotypes
Authors: Koh Kai Shyang , Lam Kin Wai , Alhede Morten , Queck Shu Yeong , Labbate Maurizio , Kjelleberg Staffan , Rice Scott A. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACTWe report here the characterization of dispersal variants from microcolony-type biofilms ofSerratia marcescensMG1. Biofilm formation proceeds through a reproducible process of attachment, aggregation, microcolony development, hollow colony formation, and dispersal. From the time when hollow colonies were observed in flow cell biofilms after 3 to 4 days, at least six different morphological colony variants were consistently isolated from the biofilm effluent. The timing and pattern of variant formation were found to follow a predictable sequence, where some variants, such as a smooth variant with a sticky colony texture (SSV), could be consistently isolated at the time when mature hollow colonies were observed, whereas a variant that produced copious amounts of capsular polysaccharide (SUMV) was always isolated at late stages of biofilm development and coincided with cell death and biofilm dispersal or sloughing. The morphological variants differed extensively from the wild type in attachment, biofilm formation, and cell ultrastructure properties. For example, SSV formed two- to threefold more biofilm biomass than the wild type in batch biofilm assays, despite having a similar growth rate and attachment capacity. Interestingly, the SUMV, and no other variants, was readily isolated from an established SSV biofilm, indicating that the SUMV is a second-generation genetic variant derived from SSV. Planktonic cultures showed significantly lower frequencies of variant formation than the biofilms (5.05 × 10−8versus 4.83 × 10−6, respectively), suggesting that there is strong, diversifying selection occurring within biofilms and that biofilm dispersal involves phenotypic radiation with divergent phenotypes.
The RpoT Regulon of
Pseudomonas putida
DOT-T1E and Its Role in Stress Endurance against Solvents
Authors: Duque Estrella , Rodríguez-Herva José-Juan , de la Torre Jesús , Domínguez-Cuevas Patricia , Muñoz-Rojas Jesús , Ramos Juan-Luis 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas putida
encodes 20
e
xtra
c
ytoplasmic sigma
f
actors (ECFs). In this study, we show that one of these ECFs, known as ECF-Pp12 (PP3006), plays a role in tolerance of toluene and other organic solvents. Based on this finding, we have called the gene that encodes this new ECF
rpoT
. The
rpoT
gene forms an operon with the preceding gene and with the gene located downstream. The translated gene product of the open reading frame PP3005 is an inner membrane protein, whereas the PP3007 protein is periplasmic. A nonpolar Δ
rpoT
mutant was generated by homologous recombination, and survival of the mutant was tested under various stress conditions. The mutant strain was hypersensitive to toluene and other solvents but just as tolerant as the wild type of stress imposed by heat, antibiotics, NaCl, paraquat, sodium dodecyl sulfate, H
2
O
2
, and benzoate. In the Δ
rpoT
mutant background, expression of around 50 transcriptional units was affected: 31 cistrons were upregulated, and 23 cistrons were downregulated. This indicates that about 1% of all
P. putida
genes are under the direct or indirect influence of RpoT. The
rpoT
gene controls the expression of a number of membrane proteins, including components of the respiratory chains, porins, transporters, and multidrug efflux pumps. Hypersensitivity of the
P. putida
RpoT-deficient mutant to organic solvents can be attributed to the fact that in the Δ
rpoT
strain, expression of the toluene efflux pump
ttgGHI
genes is severalfold lower than in the parental strain.
Disruption of
sitA
Compromises
Sinorhizobium meliloti
for Manganese Uptake Required for Protection against Oxidative Stress
Authors: Davies Bryan W. , Walker Graham C. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

During the initial stages of symbiosis with the host plant
Medicago sativa
,
Sinorhizobium meliloti
must overcome an oxidative burst produced by the plant in order for proper symbiotic development to continue. While identifying mutants defective in symbiosis and oxidative stress defense, we isolated a mutant with a transposon insertion mutation of
sitA
, which encodes the periplasmic binding protein of the putative iron/manganese ABC transporter SitABCD. Disruption of
sitA
causes elevated sensitivity to the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Disruption of
sitA
leads to elevated catalase activity and a severe decrease in superoxide dismutase B (SodB) activity and protein level. The decrease in SodB level strongly correlates with the superoxide sensitivity of the
sitA
mutant. We demonstrate that all free-living phenotypes of the
sitA
mutant can be rescued by the addition of exogenous manganese but not iron, a result that strongly implies that SitABCD plays an important role in manganese uptake in
S. meliloti
.
Proteolytic Adaptor for Transfer-Messenger RNA-Tagged Proteins from α-Proteobacteria
Authors: Lessner Faith H. , Venters Bryan J. , Keiler Kenneth C. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

We have identified an analog of SspB, the proteolytic adaptor for transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA)-tagged proteins, in
Caulobacter crescentus. C. crescentus
SspB shares limited sequence similarity with
Escherichia coli
SspB but binds the tmRNA tag in vitro and is required for optimal proteolysis of tagged proteins in vivo.
Malic Enzyme Cofactor and Domain Requirements for Symbiotic N
2
Fixation by
Sinorhizobium meliloti
Authors: Mitsch Michael J. , Cowie Alison , Finan Turlough M. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

The NAD
+
-dependent malic enzyme (DME) and the NADP
+
-dependent malic enzyme (TME) of
Sinorhizobium meliloti
are representatives of a distinct class of malic enzymes that contain a 440-amino-acid N-terminal region homologous to other malic enzymes and a 330-amino-acid C-terminal region with similarity to phosphotransacetylase enzymes (PTA). We have shown previously that
dme
mutants of
S. meliloti
fail to fix N
2
(Fix
−
) in alfalfa root nodules, whereas
tme
mutants are unimpaired in their N
2
-fixing ability (Fix
+
). Here we report that the amount of DME protein in bacteroids is 10 times greater than that of TME. We therefore investigated whether increased TME activity in nodules would allow TME to function in place of DME. The
tme
gene was placed under the control of the
dme
promoter, and despite elevated levels of TME within bacteroids, no symbiotic nitrogen fixation occurred in
dme
mutant strains. Conversely, expression of
dme
from the
tme
promoter resulted in a large reduction in DME activity and symbiotic N
2
fixation. Hence, TME cannot replace the symbiotic requirement for DME. In further experiments we investigated the DME PTA-like domain and showed that it is not required for N
2
fixation. Thus, expression of a DME C-terminal deletion derivative or the
Escherichia coli
NAD
+
-dependent malic enzyme (
sfcA
), both of which lack the PTA-like region, restored wild-type N
2
fixation to a
dme
mutant. Our results have defined the symbiotic requirements for malic enzyme and raise the possibility that a constant high ratio of NADPH + H
+
to NADP in nitrogen-fixing bacteroids prevents TME from functioning in N
2
-fixing bacteroids.
Identification of NovelSinorhizobium melilotiMutants Compromised for Oxidative Stress Protection and Symbiosis
Authors: Davies Bryan W. , Walker Graham C. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACTEmploying a novel two-part screen, we identifiedSinorhizobium melilotimutants that were both sensitive to hydrogen peroxide and symbiotically defective on the host plantMedicago sativa. The mutations affect a wide variety of cellular processes and represent both novel and previously identified genes important in symbiosis.
Cognitive assessment of children at age 2½ years after maternal fish oil supplementation in pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dunstan J A , Simmer K , Dixon G , Prescott S L 
Published: December 2006

Objective:To assess the effects of antenatal omega 3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LC PUFA) on cognitive development in a cohort of children whose mothers received high-dose fish oil in pregnancy.Design:A double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial.Setting:Perth, Western Australia, Australia.Patients:98 pregnant women received the supplementation from 20 weeks’ gestation until delivery. Their infants (n = 72) were assessed at age 2½ years.Interventions:Fish oil (2.2 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 1.1 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/day) or olive oil from 20 weeks’ gestation until delivery.Outcome measures:Effects on infant growth and developmental quotients (Griffiths Mental Development Scales), receptive language (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test) and behaviour (Child Behaviour Checklist).Results:Children in the fish oil-supplemented group (n = 33) attained a significantly higher score for eye and hand coordination (mean ((SD) score 114 (10.2)) than those in the placebo group (n = 39, mean score 108 (SD 11.3); p = 0.021, adjusted p = 0.008). Eye and hand coordination scores correlated with n-3 PUFA levels in cord blood erythrocytes (EPA: r = 0.320, p = 0.007; DHA: r = 0.308, p = 0.009) and inversely correlated with n-6 PUFA (arachidonic acid 20:4n-6: r = −0.331, p = 0.005). Growth measurements in the two groups were similar at age 2½ years.Conclusion:Maternal fish oil supplementation during pregnancy is safe for the fetus and infant, and may have potentially beneficial effects on the child’s eye and hand coordination. Further studies are needed to determine the significance of this finding.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Mediated Signal Transduction in the Development and Therapy of Gliomas
Authors: Nicholas M. Kelly , Lukas Rimas V. , Jafri Nazia F. , Faoro Leonardo , Salgia Ravi 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligands figure prominently in the biology of gliomas, the most common tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Although their histologic classification seems to be straightforward, these tumors constitute a heterogeneous class of related neoplasms. They are associated with a variety of molecular abnormalities affecting signal transduction, transcription factors, apoptosis, angiogensesis, and the extracellular matrix. Under normal conditions, these same interacting factors drive CNS growth and development. We are now recognizing the diverse molecular genetic heterogeneity that underlies tumors classified histologically into three distinct grades. This recognition is leading to new therapeutic strategies targeted directly at specific molecular subtypes. In this article, we will review the role of EGFR and related molecular pathways in the genesis of the normal CNS and their relationship to glial tumorigenesis. We will discuss barriers to effective treatment as they relate to anatomic specialization of the CNS. We will also consider the ways in which specific EGFR alterations common to glioma reflect outcomes following treatment with targeted therapies, all with an eye towards applying this understanding to improved patient outcomes.
Contribution of ABL Kinase Domain Mutations to Imatinib Resistance in Different Subsets of Philadelphia-Positive Patients: By the GIMEMA Working Party on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Soverini Simona , Colarossi Sabrina , Gnani Alessandra , Rosti Gianantonio , Castagnetti Fausto , Poerio Angela , Iacobucci Ilaria , Amabile Marilina , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Orlandi Ester , Radaelli Franca , Ciccone Fabrizio , Tiribelli Mario , di Lorenzo Roberto , Caracciolo Clementina , Izzo Barbara , Pane Fabrizio , Saglio Giuseppe , Baccarani Michele , Martinelli Giovanni ,   on behalf of the GIMEMA Working Party on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Purpose: ABL kinase domain mutations have been implicated in the resistance to the BCR-ABL inhibitor imatinib mesylate of Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) leukemia patients.
Experimental Design: Using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and sequencing, we screened for ABL kinase domain mutations in 370 Ph+ patients with evidence of hematologic or cytogenetic resistance to imatinib.
Results: Mutations were found in 127 of 297 (43%) evaluable patients. Mutations were found in 27% of chronic-phase patients (14% treated with imatinib frontline; 31% treated with imatinib post-IFN failure), 52% of accelerated-phase patients, 75% of myeloid blast crisis patients, and 83% of lymphoid blast crisis/Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Mutations were associated in 30% of patients with primary resistance (44% hematologic and 28% cytogenetic) and in 57% of patients with acquired resistance (23% patients who lost cytogenetic response; 55% patients who lost hematologic response; and 87% patients who progressed to accelerated phase/blast crisis). P-loop and T315I mutations were particularly frequent in advanced-phase chronic myeloid leukemia and Ph+ ALL patients, and often accompanied progression from chronic phase to accelerated phase/blast crisis.
Conclusions: We conclude that (a) amino acid substitutions at seven residues (M244V, G250E, Y253F/H, E255K/V, T315I, M351T, and F359V) account for 85% of all resistance-associated mutations; (b) the search for mutations is important both in case of imatinib failure and in case of loss of response at the hematologic or cytogenetic level; (c) advanced-phase chronic myeloid leukemia and Ph+ ALL patients have a higher likelihood of developing imatinib-resistant mutations; and (d) the presence of either P-loop or T315I mutations in imatinib-treated patients should warn the clinician to reconsider the therapeutic strategy.
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Predicts Cancer-Free Survival in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Shioi Ko-ichi , Komiya Atsushi , Hattori Keiko , Huang Ying , Sano Futoshi , Murakami Takayuki , Nakaigawa Noboru , Kishida Takeshi , Kubota Yoshinobu , Nagashima Yoji , Yao Masahiro 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPurpose: Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) is a cell surface glycoprotein implicated in various pathophysiologic conditions. We measured VCAM1 expression levels in tumor tissues and evaluated its significance and prognostic use in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Experimental Design: We used real-time quantitative PCR to examine the VCAM1 expression levels of a total of 485 sporadic renal tumors, including 429 clear cell, 21 papillary, 17 chromophobe, 11 oncocytomas, and 7 collecting duct carcinomas. We retrospectively examined the relationship of this expression to various clinicopathologic variables and the von Hippel-Lindau alteration status. We evaluated its significance with respect to patient survival rates using the Cox regression model combined with the split-sample method.Results: Compared with normal kidney samples (n = 43), VCAM1 was significantly up-regulated in clear cell RCC and papillary RCC, whereas it was down-regulated in chromophobe RCC and oncocytoma. In clear cell RCC, VCAM1 expression levels were apparently high in patients asymptomatic at presentation and in patients with small tumor size, low-stage, low-grade, microvascular invasion–negative, and von Hippel-Lindau alteration-positive tumors. Univariate analyses showed that VCAM1 high expression is strongly associated with better outcomes in clear cell and papillary RCCs. Further, Cox multivariate analysis models combined with the split-sample method revealed that this association is significant only in cancer-free survival for patients with clear cell RCC after curative surgical resection.Conclusions: VCAM1 expression levels were found to be histologically subtype specific in renal tumors. Determination of the VCAM1 expression level as a biomarker can provide useful prognostic information for patients with clear cell RCC.