bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subcutaneous Haemangiosarcoma in a Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)
Authors: Sledge D. G. , Radi Z. A. , Miller D. L. , Lynn B. S. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryAn ulcerated, 1 × 0.5 cm, subcutaneous mass on the craniolateral aspect of the right tibiotarsus of a 4‐year‐old male cockatiel was removed. Histologically, the neoplasm was non‐encapsulated, infiltrative and composed of irregular vascular channels lined by branching and variably sized spindle‐shaped cells with large vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli and rare mitoses. Surrounding these vascular channels were fibroblasts and mixed inflammatory cells. Neoplastic cells had diffuse immunoreactivity to factor VIII supporting a diagnosis of haemangiosarcoma.
Pharmacokinetics of Moxifloxacin in Rabbits After Intravenous, Subcutaneous and a Long‐acting Poloxamer 407 Gel Formulation Administration
Authors: Cárceles C. M. , Serrano J. M. , Marín P. , Escudero E. , Fernández‐Varón E. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryThe pharmacokinetics (PK) of moxifloxacin in healthy white New Zealand rabbits was studied following intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) administration routes as well as a SC long‐acting poloxamer 407 gel formulation (SC‐P407). Moxifloxacin concentrations were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography assay with fluorescence detection. Mean half‐life for IV, SC and SC‐P407 routes was 2.15, 5.41 and 11.09 h. Clearance value after IV dosing was 0.78 l/kg/h. After SC administration, the mean absolute bioavailability was 117% and theCmaxwas 1.61 ± 0.49 mg/l. After SC‐P407 administration, the bioavailability was 44% and theCmax1.83 was ±0.62 mg/l. No adverse effects were observed in any of the rabbits following IV, SC and SC‐P407 administration of moxifloxacin. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of moxifloxacin against different strains ofStaphylococcus aureusfrom different european countries were used to compute the main pharmacodynamic (PD) surrogate markers of efficacy. The high tolerability of this SC‐P407 formulation and the favourable PK behaviour such as the long half‐life, acceptable bioavailability and excellent PK–PD ratios achieved indicate that it is likely to be effective in rabbits.
Primary Erythrocytosis in a Japanese Black Calf: A Case Report
Authors: Takagi M. , Takagaki K. , Kamimura S. , Zizhohara K. , Miyoshi A. , Yasuda Y. , Kawasaki Y. , Endo Y. , Ohishi A. , Yasumura E. , Deguchi E. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryAn 8‐month‐old Japanese Black heifer with severe erythropoietic symptoms was subjected to clinical, histological and cytological examinations. During the 1 month clinical observation period, severe increases in RBC count, packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration were observed. The plasma erythropoietin (Epo) concentration of the heifer (20.7 mIU/ml) was similar to that observed in normal control heifers. Blood gas examinations of the arterial and venous blood revealed low levels of partial pressure O2 (PaO2), partial pressure CO2 (PaCO2) and O2 saturation (SaO2), while the blood pH was within the normal range. Gross lesions could not be detected. However, microscopic observation revealed severe proliferation of erythroblasts in the bone marrow and in the spleen without evidence of neoplastic changes. Based on these clinical and pathological examinations, we diagnosed the heifer as being the first case of primary erythrocytosis in Japanese Black cattle.
CT appearances of hydatid disease at various locations
Authors: Taori K , Sanyal R , Rathod J , Mahajan S , Jajoo G , Saxena V , Bhagat M 
Published: July 2006

SummaryHydatid disease has characteristic imaging features on CT, which allow accurate preoperative diagnosis in most cases. However, when it occurs at unusual locations the diagnosis is often difficult, especially as the imaging appearance varies at different sites. In this article we have presented a pictorial review of the CT features of disease due to Echinococcus granulosus at various sites in the human body.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis: Correlation of hepatobiliary scintigraphy with clinical and laboratory status
Authors: Arulventhan R , Larcos G , Gruenewald SM , Farrell GC 
Published: July 2006

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine whether hepatobiliary scintigraphy using 99mtechnetium based di‐isopropryl‐imino‐diacetic acid correlated to clinical or laboratory status of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). We carried out a retrospective case–control study involving 15 patients with proven PSC. Fifty‐seven hepatobiliary scintigraphic studies were reviewed by consensus of two experienced observers using a semiquantitative scheme to score liver size and degree of radiopharmaceutical uptake, intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary stasis, segmental liver clearance half‐times and gall bladder visualization. The results were compared with age; disease duration; weight loss; serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and albumin levels; antipyrine clearance; number of biliary stents and episodes of cholangitis and history of transplantation. Sixteen age‐matched and sex‐matched individuals with PSC, who did not undergo hepatobiliary scans, were selected for comparison. Among the scintigraphic variables, right lateral and superior liver clearance half‐time values showed a significant linear correlation with disease duration and serum alkaline phosphatase levels (P < 0.05) but not with other clinical or biochemical indices. Other scintigraphic variables showed no correlation. An abnormal, hepatobiliary scan liver clearance half‐time in patients with PSC correlates to disease duration and increased serum alkaline phosphatase levels, and this variable may be used to identify some subjects with more advanced disease.
Childhood glioblastoma multiforme of the spinal cord
Authors: Oake C , Borg MF , Hanieh A , Byard RW 
Published: July 2006

SummaryAstrocytoma accounts for more than 50% of all central nervous system tumours diagnosed, with particular prevalence in the 15‐ to 34‐year‐old age bracket, rarely arising in younger children. In 1995, a 7‐year‐old boy presented in Emergency with a 3‐day history of severe radicular back pain and associated muscle spasms, exacerbated by lying on his back. Both bone scan and plain X‐rays were unremarkable; however, MRI showed a 3‐cm space‐occupying lesion at the level of T5‐T6. The patient proceeded to biopsy and partial excision of the tumour through laminectomy, histology confirming an anaplastic astrocytoma (glioblastoma multiforme), St Anne Mayo grade 4. Treatment consisted of a radical course of radiotherapy alone, delivering a total dose of 44.8 Gy at 1.6 Gy per fraction. The treatment comprised of three phases using two oblique wedged fields on a 6 MV linear accelerator. The patient remains disease free 7 years post treatment, with the only effect noted being a slight kyphoscoliosis at the site of the laminectomy and radiation. This report highlights the efficacy of combined surgery and radiation therapy in the management of spinal cord glioblastoma multiforme in preventing tumour recurrence, with acceptable morbidity. Further evaluation of the treatment efficacy would be difficult because of the scarcity of such cases.
Reversible findings of restricted diffusion in 5‐flourouracil neurotoxicity
Authors: Lucato LT , McKinney AM , Short J , Teksam M , Truwit CL 
Published: July 2006

SummaryA 35‐year‐old woman presented with neurotoxicity correlated to an i.v. regimen of 5‐fluorouracil as episodes of acute confusional state and abnormalities of symmetrically restricted diffusion in the periventricular white matter and corpus callosum. On discontinuing the medication, the areas of severely restricted diffusion had entirely resolved, with minimal residual T2 signal abnormality. In this case, immediate discontinuation of the chemotherapeutic agent apparently reversed the patient's symptoms and findings on MRI. The scant information available in the published literature regarding this phenomenon is reviewed with regard to 5‐fluorouracil.
Iliocaval arteriovenous fistula presenting with multiple organ failure
Authors: Lim RP , Stella DL , Dowling RJ , Campbell WA , Hebbard GS 
Published: July 2006

SummaryIliac arteriovenous fistulas are an uncommon condition, which may be spontaneous or traumatic in nature. Such fistulas classically present with a triad of high‐output cardiac failure, pulsatile abdominal mass with a bruit and unilateral leg ischaemia or venous congestion. We describe a case of an iliocaval fistula secondary to rupture of a common iliac artery aneurysm, with an unusual presentation of multiple organ failure, masquerading as sepsis. We describe the CT findings of iliocaval fistula, which was the means of diagnosis in this study.
Post‐neonatal mortality by rurality and Indigenous status in Queensland
Authors: Coory Michael , Hockey Richard , Flenady Vicki , Woodgate Paul 
Published: July 2006

Aim:  To compare post‐neonatal mortality among urban and rural Indigenous babies in Queensland.Methods:  Registrations of deaths at ages 28 days to 12 months were linked to routine data from the Queensland Perinatal Data Collection.Results:  Indigenous babies were 2.52 times more likely to die during the post‐neonatal period than non‐Indigenous babies (95% confidence interval: 1.99, 3.20). The differential remained when urban and rural areas were examined separately: the differential was 2.53 (1.81, 3.54) in urban areas and 2.26 (1.58, 3.23) in rural areas.Conclusion:  The key demographic variable that determines post‐neonatal mortality in Queensland is Indigenous status, not rurality. This has important policy implications because it means that interventions to reduce the disparity in mortality between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous babies should be delivered in urban as well as rural areas. Better routine data are needed and in particular clinical classification of deaths, so that interventions can be monitored and avoidable factors identified.
The transfer of Fragilaria obtusa Hustedt to the genus Staurosira Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae)
Authors: Garcia Marinês 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYThe ultra‐structure of the frustule of the rarely recorded diatom Fragilaria obtusa Hustedt was studied in detail using sand samples from Laranjal Bay (Lagoa dos Patos Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil). F. obtusa is transferred to the genus Staurosira Ehrenberg as Staurosira obtusa (Hustedt) Garcia. The taxon is characterized by striae composed of elliptical areolae that are occluded by an internal velum, apical pore field formed by several rows of rimmed pores, girdle bands free of ornamentation, wide valvocopulae, and absence of rimoportulae. This is the first record of S. obtusa from an epipsammic habitat.
Latitudinal and intracolony ITS‐rDNA sequence variation in the symbiotic dinoflagellate genus Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae) in Zoanthus sansibaricus (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia)
Authors: Reimer James D. , Takishita Kiyotaka , Ono Shusuke , Maruyama Tadashi , Tsukahara Junzo 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYWe sequenced the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (ITS‐rDNA) of Symbiodinium spp. (Freudenthal) from conspecific Zoanthus sansibaricus (Carlgren) colonies along a latitudinal gradient in Japan. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that Zoanthus in the two northern sites of Kokubu and Sakurajima harbor exclusively Symbiodinium subclade C1, whereas Yakushima Zoanthus harbors Symbiodinium subclades C1 and C15, and southernmost Amami Zoanthus Symbiodinium subclades A1 and C1, indicating holobiont flexibility. Individual Zoanthus colonies associated exclusively with one single subclade, but unexpectedly there was small variation between Symbiodinium ITS‐rDNA clone sequences obtained from within individual Zoanthus colonies. There was also a large deletion in the ITS‐2/28S rDNA boundary region in one clone sequence, and another large deletion in the 5.8S rDNA region in another clone. Our intracolony sequence heterogeneity might be a result of the presence of multiple copies of the ITS‐rDNA region within individual Symbiodinium genomes, or result from the possible presence of closely related Symbiodinium genotypes in the host.
Novel primers for detection and quantification of Myxococcus species in situ
Authors: MARTIN K. J. , BULL C. T. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol using unique primers was developed to detect and quantify Myxococcus species from environmental samples. The protocol amplified most species of Myxococcus when 10 pg of DNA representing 1000 cells was present, although over half were amplified with as little as 0.1 pg (10 cells). The protocol did not amplify other myxobacterial species, members of the δ‐proteobacteria or other unrelated organisms tested at significantly higher concentrations of DNA. The primers were also used in quantitative PCRs, which accurately estimated the population levels in soil.
Isolation of microsatellite DNA and analysis on genetic diversity of endangered fish, Hucho taimen (Pallas)
Authors: TONG GUANGXIANG , KUANG YOUYI , YIN JIASHENG , LIANG LIQUN , SUN XIAOWEN 
Published: July 2006

Abstract Hucho taimen (Pallas) is an endangered species in China. To evaluate the species’ genetic diversity and population genetic structure, we isolated six polymorphic microsatellite markers from its genomic libraries by (ACA)16 enriched, and characterized using 61 wild individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to seven, expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.3200 to 0.7410, polymorphism information content ranged from 0.3047 to 0.6896. These markers will be useful for the genetic variation assessment of taimen.
Isolation and characterization of eight compound microsatellite markers in a mangrove tree Kandelia candel (L.) Druce
Authors: ISLAM M. S. , TAO J. M. , GENG Q. F. , LIAN C. L. , HOGETSU T. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract Kandelia candel is an important mangrove tree species of family Rhizophoraceae. Here we isolated eight codominant compound microsatellite simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci from K. candel. Our isolated loci provided compound SSR markers with polymorphism of three to 11 alleles per locus. The expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.230 to 0.887 and from 0.083 to 1.00, respectively. These markers would be the useful tools for analysing questions concerning population genetic structure and mating system of K. candel.
Characterization of 20 microsatellite marker loci in Coquerel's sifaka (Propithecus coquereli)
Authors: RAKOTOARISOA GILBERT , SHORE GARY , MCGUIRE SUSIE , ENGBERG SHANNON , LOUIS EDWARD , BRENNEMAN RICK 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe Coquerel's sifaka (Propithecus coquereli) is one of the species of Propithecus, living in the dry forest of northwest Madagascar. This species is endangered due to the loss and fragmentation of its natural habitat, consequential of deforestation. Twenty nuclear microsatellite loci were isolated from genomic DNA derived from a free ranging Coquerel's sifaka from the Mariarano Classified Forest, Madagascar. Population genetic parameters were estimated as baseline values from samples collected in that forest.
Treatment for ADHD: Is More Complex Treatment Cost‐Effective for More Complex Cases?
Authors: Foster E. Michael , Jensen Peter S. , Schlander Michael , Pelham William E. , Hechtman Lily , Arnold L. Eugene , Swanson James M. , Wigal Timothy 
Published: July 2006

Objective.To determine the cost‐effectiveness of three alternative high‐quality treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) relative to community care (CC) and to determine whether cost‐effectiveness varies with the presence of comorbid disorders.Data Sources/Collection.The study included 579 children ages 7–9.9 with diagnosed ADHD at six sites. Data for the study were distilled from administrative data and from interviews with parents, including estimates of the child's functional impairment. These analyses focus on changes in functional impairment over 14 months.Study Design.The study involved a large clinical trial that randomized participants to one of four arms: routine CC, intensive medication management (MedMgt), multicomponent behavioral treatment, and a combination of behavioral treatment and medication.Principal Findings.We assessed the cost‐effectiveness of the alternatives using costs measured from a payer perspective. The preferred cost‐effective treatment varies as a function of the child's comorbidity and of the policy maker's willingness to pay. For pure (no comorbidity) ADHD, high‐quality MedMgt appears likely to be cost‐effective at all levels of willingness to pay. In contrast, for some comorbid conditions, willingness to pay is critical: the policy maker with low willingness to pay likely will judge MedMgt most cost‐effective. On the other hand, a policy maker willing to pay more now in expectation of future costs savings (involving, for example, juvenile justice), will recognize that the most cost‐effective choice for comorbid conditions likely involves behavior therapy, with or without medication.Conclusions:Analyses of costs and effectiveness of treatment for ADHD must consider the role of comorbidities.
Revisiting the Relationship between Managed Care and Hospital Consolidation
Authors: Town Robert J. , Wholey Douglas , Feldman Roger , Burns Lawton R. 
Published: July 2006

Objective. This paper analyzes whether the rise in managed care during the 1990s caused the increase in hospital concentration.Data Sources. We assemble data from the American Hospital Association, InterStudy and government censuses from 1990 to 2000.Study Design. We employ linear regression analyses on long differenced data to estimate the impact of managed care penetration on hospital consolidation. Instrumental variable analogs of these regressions are also analyzed to control for potential endogeneity.Data Collection. All data are from secondary sources merged at the level of the Health Care Services Area.Principle Findings. In 1990, the mean population‐weighted hospital Herfindahl–Hirschman index (HHI) in a Health Services Area was .19. By 2000, the HHI had risen to .26. Most of this increase in hospital concentration is due to hospital consolidation. Over the same time frame HMO penetration increased three fold. However, our regression analysis strongly implies that the rise of managed care did not cause the hospital consolidation wave. This finding is robust to a number of different specifications.
Anticonvulsant Effects of Transcranial Direct‐current Stimulation (tDCS) in the Rat Cortical Ramp Model of Focal Epilepsy
Authors: Liebetanz David , Klinker Florian , Hering Diana , Koch Reinhard , Nitsche Michael A. , Potschka Heidrun , Löscher Wolfgang , Paulus Walter , Tergau Frithjof 
Published: July 2006

Summary: Purpose:Weak direct currents induce lasting alterations of cortical excitability in animals and humans, which are controlled by polarity, duration of stimulation, and current strength applied. To evaluate its anticonvulsant potential, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was tested in a modified cortical ramp‐stimulation model of focal epilepsy.Methods:The threshold for localized seizure activity (TLS) was determined in freely moving rats by applying a single train of rising bipolar pulses through a unilateral epicranial electrode. After tDCS, TLS was determined repeatedly for 120 min at intervals of 15 min. The first group of animals received two sessions of cathodal tDCS at 100 μA, one for 30 and one for 60 min. A third session consisted of 60 min of anodal tDCS. A second group received cathodal tDCS at 200 μA for 15 and for 30 min, as well as anodal tDCS for 30 min.Results:Sixty minutes of cathodal tDCS at 100 μA resulted in a TLS increase lasting for ≥2 h. When the intensity was increased to 200 μA, a similar lasting TLS elevation occurred after a stimulation of just 30‐min duration. In contrast, anodal tDCS at identical stimulation durations and current strengths had no significant effect on TLS.Conclusions:The anticonvulsive effect induced by cathodal tDCS depends on stimulation duration and current strength and may be associated with the induction of alterations of cortical excitability that outlast the actual stimulation. The results lead to the reasonable assumption that cathodal tDCS could evolve as a therapeutic tool in drug‐refractory partial epilepsy.
Antiepileptic Effect of Gap‐junction Blockers in a Rat Model of Refractory Focal Cortical Epilepsy
Authors: Nilsen Karen E. , Kelso Andrew R. C. , Cock Hannah R. 
Published: July 2006

Summary: Purpose:Epilepsy is the most common serious neurologic disease, and current treatments are ineffective for ≤30% of patients. Gap junctions have been implicated in seizure generation and propagation, and as such, may represent a novel therapeutic target but have been little investigated in vivo. We set out to assess the efficacy and tolerability of gap‐junction blockers delivered to the seizure focus in a well‐characterized model of refractory cortical epilepsy in rats.Methods:A chronic epilepsy focus was induced in the cortex of rats by using tetanus toxin, and subsequent studies were conducted in freely moving unanesthetized animals with frequent spontaneous seizures, as we previously described. Carbenoxolone, meclofenamic acid, and saline were applied directly to the seizure focus. EEG, electromyogram (EMG), and behavioral parameters were measured for ≥1 h before drug infusion and for ≥3 h afterward. No ill effects were observed.Results:An immediate and marked reduction in percentage of seizure time was seen in rats receiving carbenoxolone (baseline, 69.4%± 7.0% (SEM); maximum effect, 9.3%± 3.5%, p ≤0.001) and meclofenamic acid (baseline, 58.3%± 3.7%; maximum effect, 0.92%± 0.92%, p < 0.001). No effect was seen after saline infusion.Conclusions:Gap‐junction blockers applied focally are effective at suppressing seizures and, as such, represent a potential new treatment for epilepsy. Development of focal treatment strategies is essential in this regard.
Efficacy and Safety of Radiosurgical Callosotomy: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Feichtinger Michael , Schröttner Oskar , Eder Hans , Holthausen Hans , Pieper Tom , Unger Frank , Holl Alexander , Gruber Lucia , Körner Eva , Trinka Eugen , Fazekas Franz , Ott Erwin 
Published: July 2006

Summary: Purpose:Anterior callosotomy is a surgical option for the treatment of generalized tonic or atonic seizures associated with drop attacks. Besides open surgery, a radiosurgical callosal disconnection using the gamma knife (GK) also can be performed, but reliable data about tolerability and efficacy are sparse.Methods:Eight patients (three female, five male age range, 5 to 69 years) with severe generalized epilepsy associated with disabling drop attacks underwent GK callosotomy between 1993 and 2004. In six patients, the anterior third of the corpus callosum was radiosurgically disconnected. In one patient a second procedure with GK treatment of the middle third of the corpus callosum was added 17 months later. In two patients posterior GK callosotomy had followed partial hemispherotomy.Results:Drop attacks (DAs) were completely abolished in three patients, and two patients had a marked DA seizure reduction of 60%. Two of four patients with additional generalized tonic–clonic seizures showed a reduction of 100%, and the remaining, a 50% and 60% decrease, respectively. Other seizure types responded less well to the radiosurgical treatment. In both patients with posterior GK callosotomy after hemispherotomy, partial seizures decreased. Beside transient headache in two patients, no immediate or long‐term postradiosurgical side effects were observed.Conclusions:Palliative radiosurgical callosotomy is an efficient and safe noninvasive alternative to the open procedure with comparable results. No signs of postradiosurgical side effects were noted within an up to 12‐year posttreatment period.