bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A precore‐defective mutant of hepatitis B virus associated with e antigen‐negative chronic liver disease
Authors: Ulrich Paul P. , Bhat Ramesh A. , Kelly Irene , Brunetto Maurizia R. , Bonino Ferruccio , Vyas Girish N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe pathogenesis of chronic liver disease (CLD) due to persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has not been defined, but the disease activity is believed to correlate with the presence of hepatitis B e‐antigen (HBeAg) antigenemia and high viremia. The molecular characterization of an HBV mutant isolated from an HBeAg‐negative patient with severe CLD required amplification of the circulating HBV DNA (2 pg/ml) by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Direct sequencing of the nucleotides from five independent amplifications of the conserved precore region consistently revealed a G to A mutation in each of the two terminal codons of the precore region. Codon 28 was mutated from tryptophan‐encoding TGG to a translational stop codon, TAG; codon 29 preceding the core initiation codon was changed from GGC to GAC. For biologic evaluation of these mutations on HBV replication and expression of HBeAg in vitro, HepG2 cells were transfected with cloned, recicularized mutant HBV DNA. The transfected cells contained subviral core particles in the cytoplasm and secreted mature HBV, without HBeAg, into the medium. The findings present the first evidence that complete HBV genomes can be amplified by PCR and are replication‐competent in vitro. The data also indicate that HBeAg is not necessary for replication of HBV and furthermore suggest that HBeAg is not required for the progression of HBV‐induced CLD.
Experimental keratitis in rabbits by human HSV‐1 variants: Prevention and treatment
Authors: Manservigi R. , Incorvaia C. , Di Luca D. , Rotola A. , Balboni P. G. , Sebastiani A. , Rossi A. , Cassai E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe efficacy of different therapies and vaccine preparations was assessed for treating or preventing herpetic ocular keratitis induced by experimental inoculation in rabbits with two HSV‐1 variants that display different pathogenetic potential. Early administration of acyclovir (ACV) promoted fast healing and prevented neurologic involvements: α‐Interferon (α‐IFN) was less efficent than ACV; combined therapy with both drugs increased the antiviral effects. In an attempt to prevent the disease, rabbits were vaccinated with a slightly pathogenic HSV‐1 variant or with a secreted form of an engineered HSV‐1 glycoprotein gB (gB‐1s) and were subsequently challenged with a highly pathogenic HSV‐1 variant. Immunization of rabbits with gB‐1s was much more efficient than immunization with live virus in reducing the severity of herpetic keratitis and in preventing CNS disease.
Predictive value of cytomegalovirus viraemia for the occurrence of CMV organ involvement in AIDS
Authors: Salmon Dominique , Lacassin Flore , Harzic Martine , Leport Catherine , Perronne Christian , Bricaire François , Brun‐Vezinet Françoise , Vilde Jean‐Louis 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn HIV‐infected patients, the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viraemia is predictive of the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but it is not known whether it predicts further occurrence of CMV organ involvement.To assess the predictive value of CMV viraemia in the occurrence of CMV organ involvement, CMV blood cultures were performed at the onset of AIDS in 71 patients. They were prospectively followed up for at least 6 months, with a mean of 16.6 ± 7 months (6–36 months).CMV viraemia was present in 28/71 patients (39.5%) at the onset of AIDS. CMV organ involvement occurred in 18/71 patients (25.4%) after 8.7 ± 3.3 months. Fourteen of the 28 patients (50%) with early CMV viraemia developed CMV organ involvement after 7.7 ± 6.3 months as compared with 4/43 patients (9.3%) who were not viraemic at the onset of AIDS with a mean follow‐up of 11.8 ± 3.8 months (P < 0.001). At the time of CMV organ involvement, CMV viraemia, however, was present in 94.4% of the cases. No difference in survival was observed between initially viraemic and non‐viraemic patients. No difference has found in mean CD4 cell count between viraemic and non‐viraemic patients.This high predictive value of early CMV viraemia in AIDS for the occurrence of CMV organ involvement underlines the need for repeated search for CMV organ involvement when CMV viraemia is detected, and for less toxic antiviral drugs that might be used earlier.
Sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for antibody to varicella‐zoster virus using purified VZV glycoprotein antigen
Authors: Wasmuth Edward H. , Miller William J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe development of an ELISA of increased sensitivity has permitted a more critical evaluation of human humoral immune responses to the live attenuated varicella (Oka/Merck) vaccine. For use as a solid‐phase antigen, the glycoprotein (gp) antigens are prepared by lectin‐affinity chromatography from lysates of VZV‐infected MRC‐5 cells. The lot‐to‐lot variation in VZV gp content is controlled by standardization of antigen against a panel of human serum providing antigencoated plates of consistent quality. The increased sensitivity of the gpELISA over the VAR ELISA is reflected in the greater seroconversion rate and prepositive rate specificity. These determinations have been shown to be specific for anti‐VZV by absorption experiments using purified VZV gp antigens.
Prevalence of human parvovirus (B19) and rubellavirus infections in urban and remote rural areas in northern Brazil
Authors: de Freitas Ronaldo B. , Wong Derek , Boswell Fiona , de Miranda Mario F. R. , Linhares Alexandre C. , Shirley Jane , Desselberger Ulrich 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSera from inhabitants of Belém, Pará (542 sera), Brazil and of members of 3 Brazilian tribes—Tiriyo/Alto Paru (near Surinam) (212 sera), Xicrin (128 sera), and Mekranoiti (121 sera)—of different age and sex groups were tested for the presence of specific antibody against human parvovirus (B19) (RIA) and rubellavirus (latex agglutination test).Parvovirus (B19) IgG was found in 42.6% of the population sample from Belém but in only 4.7 to 10.7% of the members of the tribes. Rubellavirus antibody was found in 72.7% of the sera from Belém but approaching a prevalence of 85–90% in age groups above 20 years. In the tribes rubellavirus antibody was detected in 36.9 to 72.6% of all sera. There were remarkable sex differences of antibody prevalence in several age groups of the population from Belém and of the tribal populations.About a quarter of the skin rashes in Belém that were not attributable to infections with rubella, measles, or arboviruses were caused by recent B19 infections.
In situ hybridization detection of HTLV‐I RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of TSP/HAM patients and their spouses
Authors: Beilke M. A. , In D. Riding , Gravell M. , Hamilton R. S. , Mora C. A. , Leon‐Monzon M. , Rodgers‐Johnson P. E. B. , Gajdusek B. C. , Gibbs C. J. , Zaninovic V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis is the first report of the direct detection of HTLV‐I RNA in uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC's) of patients with tropical spastic paraparesis and HTLV‐l‐associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) and their spouses, using the technique of in situ hybridization. Twenty‐one Colombian patients were tested, all of whom had antibodies to HTLV‐I; the presence of HTLV‐I proviral DNA in their PBMNC's was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction technique. Of the 21 patients 15 had a clinical diagnosis of tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP/HAM), 5 were asymptomatic relatives, and 1 patient had leukemia. In situ hybridization was positive in samples from 5 patients; 2 of these were TSP/HAM patients and the other 3 were healthy wives of TSP/HAM patients. This study demonstrates for the first time that viral RNA is expressed in uncultured PBMNC's of some patients with TSP/HAM in whom proviral DNA is also present; furthermore, the detection of HTLV‐I RNA in the blood of female partners of TSP/HAM patients clearly illustrates the high likelihood of HTLV‐I transmission through sexual contact.
Intrathecal IgG synthesis and specificity of oligoclonal IgG in patients infected with HIV‐1 do not correlate with CNS disease
Authors: Goswami K. K. , Kaye S. , Miller R. , McAllister R. , Tedder R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe CSF/serum immune response to HIV 1 was studied in 24 patients admitted for investigation. The level of antibody to HIV‐1 and specificity of oligoclonal IgG were determined in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The majority of patients demonstrated elevated levels of intrathecal IgG synthesis, with levels of HIV‐l‐specific antibody frequently being significantly higher in CSF than in serum. In 16 of 21 patients the CSF/serum antibody ratio indicated active intrathecal synthesis. Oligoclonal banding was present in CSF from all 24 patients. lmmunoprinting of serum and CSF demonstrated antigenic specificity (p24, gp 160, RT) of the clonal antibodies in all of 12 patients though the patterns of reactivity in CSF did not necessarily correspond with that of serum. Although a specific association of particular patterns with HIV CNS disease was not found we feel that these markers should be included in longitudinal studies of HIV‐related diseases of the CNS. The specificity of oligoclonal antibodies, both in CSF and in serum was demonstrated, and this specificity may be a useful marker for longitudinal studies in HIV‐1 antibody‐positive asymptomatic patients.
Measles virus specific antibody in infants in a highly vaccinated society
Authors: Chui Linda W‐L. , Marusyk Raymond G. , Pabst Henry F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMeasles virus specific antibody levels were measured in infants from 2 to 12 months of age. The sera were tested by hemagglutination‐inhibition (HI), neutralization (NT), and enzyme immunoas‐say (EIA) methods. The results of this study indicate that in the population examined, infants at an early age have very low or no immunity of maternal origin to measles virus‐93% of the infants were without detectable neutralizing antibody (NT liter ≤10) at 6 months of age, and by the end of the first year of life 100% had no neutralizing antibody.
Stability of molluscum contagiosum virus DNA among 184 patient isolates: Evidence for variability of sequences in the terminal inverted repeats
Authors: Bugert J. J. , Darai G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe stability of the Molluscum contagiosum virus Type 1 genome (188 kbp) was studied in 184 DNA isolates from 131 patients. Variability of up to 1.5 kbp at both ends of the genome symmetrically was observed using restriction analysis of the DNA isolates and by Southern Blot experiments using cloned and labeled Hindlll terminal DNA fragments of MCV‐1 prototype DNA. The variable sequences were mainly confined to the terminal fragments and parts of the MCV‐1 terminal repeats.Labeled probes did not detect terminal sequences of MCV Type 2 under the applied stringency. A less marked instability of the central MCV‐1 BamHI DNA fragment F was observed within the genome coordinates 0.431 to 0.454 mu. Reiteration of tandem repeats similar to those described for vaccinia virus might explain the variability of the terminal sequences and might be involved in viral replication.
Effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection on mice with protein malnutrition
Authors: Peña‐Cruz Victor , Reiss Carol , McIntosh Kenneth 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pulmonary infection was produced in BALB/c mice fed protein‐deficient diets in an effort to understand the severity of viral pneumonia in infants in developing countries. As in previously published experiments with Sendai virus, animals on the deficient diet became clinically malnourished, and certain aspects of their cell‐mediated immunity were altered. The course of RSV infection in protein‐deprived mice was essentially identical to that in normally nourished animals. The titer of virus recovered from lung homogenates over time, as well as the histologic picture of bronchiolitis, were identical under all experimental conditions. This model, unlike that of Sendai virus infection, fails to demonstrate an effect of protein malnutrition on RSV infection.
Recognition of the N‐terminal, C‐terminal, and interior portions of HBx by Sera from patients with hepatitis B
Authors: Kay Alan , de Dinechin Stéphane Dupont , Vitvitski‐Trépo Ludmila , Mandart Elisabeth , Shamoon Blanche‐Marie , Galibert Francis 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli three different parts of the HBx open reading frame, the N‐ and C‐termini and the interior or central portion, using two vector systems. The sera of 43 hepatitis B virus patients representing three clinical categories–asymptomatic carriers, chronic active hepatitis, and hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis–known to be anti‐HBx positive, were tested for reactivity against these constructs by Western blotting. The great majority of sera, regardless of the clinical categories, clearly recognise all three parts of HBx, strongly suggesting that the normal mechanism of biosynthesis of the HBx gene product is a straightforward translation of the open reading frame starting from the first ATG. However, asymptomatic carriers show a marked, often almost exclusive, preference for recognition of the central portion of HBx, while patients with chronic hepatitis and patients with cirrhosis generally recognise all three parts of HBx to a similar extent.
Antibody reactivity with two strains of human herpesvirus‐6 in Malaysians
Authors: Yadav M. , Umamaheswari S. , Ablashi D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA total of 234 sera from healthy Malaysians of diverse ethnic origins were tested for antibody to the Z29 and prototype GS strains of HHV‐6. The prevalence in the races ranged from 58 to 80% for the GS strain and 49 to 76% for the Z29 strain. The highest prevalence was in Malays with semi‐urban cultural lifestyles and lowest was in the indigenous rural tribes (Ibans, Kadazans, Bidayuhs, and Orang Asli).The antibody litres to GS and Z29 virus capsid antigens differed in 11 (4.7%) samples by more than 2 dilutions. In 9 of the 11 sera the titres to GS strain were higher than to the Z29 strain. The differences in the antibody titres between strains of HHV‐6 may reflect subtle changes in antigen structure of the virus recognised by some individuals.
Detection of hantavirus RNA in tissues of experimentally infected mice using reverse transcriptase‐directed polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Xiao Shu‐Yuan , Yanagihara Richard , Godec Mark S. , Eldadah Zayd A. , Johnson Bruce K. , Gajdusek D. Carleton , Asher David M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDetection of hantaviruses, the etiological agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), by virus isolation using experimental animals or cell culture is time‐consuming. A more rapid but equally specific method is needed. We used a reverse transcriptase‐directed polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) to detect hantavirus genomic sequences and compared its sensitivity with conventional virus isolation. RNA, extracted by the guanidinium isothiocyanate‐cesium chloride method from hantavirus‐infected Vero E6 cells and from tissues of infant mice inoculated intra‐cerebrally with 100 LD50 of hantavirus, was initially reverse transcribed using avian myeloblas‐tosis virus reverse transcriptase. The resulting complementary DNA (cDNA) was used as template to amplify the glycoprotein 2‐encoding region of the hantavirus M segment. With this method, Vero E6 cell cultures infected with Han‐taan virus strains 76–118 (prototype) and HV114 (an isolate from the urine of an HFRS patient in China) were positive, while control cultures were negative. Brain, lung, and heart tissues from hantavirus‐infected mice were positive by RT‐PCR at 5, 8, and 11 days after intracerebral inoculation. The specificity of the positive results was confirmed by restriction endonuclease digestion of the amplified fragments with Alul and Hpal. The sensitivity of the RT‐PCR was equal to cell culture amplification but required less time. This method is being adapted for detection of hantavirus genomic sequences in clinical specimens and postmortem tissues from patients with HFRS.
Localization of rhinovirus replication in vitro with in situ hybridization
Authors: de Arruda Eurico , Mifflin Theodore E. , Gwaltney Jack M. , Winther Birgit , Hayden Frederick G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo facilitate understanding of human rhinovirus (HRV) pathogenesis, methods were developed for detection of HRV infection in vitro using in situ hybridization (ISH). HRV‐14 RNA probes and oligonucleotide probes representing conserved sequences in the 5′‐non‐translated region were labeled with 35S and used to detect infected HeLa or WI‐38 strain human embryonic lung cells in cytological preparations. ISH was shown to be specific for detection of HRV on a single‐cell basis. Subsequently, in human nasal polyps infected in vitro, both oligonucleotide‐ and riboprobes produced a strong signal in association with ciliated epithelial cells. In human adenoids infected in vitro, a signal was observed in nonciliated epithelial cells. This study shows that HRV replicates in ciliated cells in the epithelium of human nasal polyps infected in vitro, and the presence of viral RNA in non‐ciliated cells of the human adenoid infected in vitro suggests that other cell types may also support rhinovirus replication.
Demonstration of concurrent dengue 1 and dengue 3 infection in six patients by the polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Laille Manola , Deubel Vincent , Sainte‐Marie François Flye 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA dual viremia resulting from naturally acquired dengue 1 and dengue 3 infections in six patients experiencing a dengue‐like syndrome during the epidemic in New Caledonia in 1989 is reported. Serotype identification was first based on virus isolation in mosquito cells and immunofluorescence using type‐specific monoclonal antibodies. The double infection was confirmed directly in blood samples by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on genomic RNA and hybridization of the amplified cDNA fragments with type‐specific DNA probes.
Neutralizing antibody response to cytomegalovirus in seropositive pregnant women
Authors: Tanaka Akira , Moriuchi Hiroyuki , Hirota Kiyokata , Numazaki Yoshio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe neutralizing (NT) antibody response to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in seropositive pregnant women was evaluated to establish the role of protective humoral immunity in HCMV infections (reactivation) during pregnancy. Complement fixation (CF) antibody titers increased significantly in 54 (0.62%) of 8,663 seropositive cases tested during gestation. However, titers of NT antibody, when tested in the presence of complement (C′), increased as gestation progressed and exceeded 1:500 in most of the cases in whom the CF antibody titer had shown earlier an insignificant increase. When NT antibodies were tested in the absence of C′, insignificant increase in titers were found. The results suggest that the presence of high titer of NT antibody may play an important role in protective humoral immunity against reactivation of HCMV in pregnant women, and may also be effective in preventing intrauterine infection and modulating the severity of perinatal infection in offspring borne of HCMV carrier mothers.
Chronic delta hepatitis in haemophiliacs
Authors: Gerritzen Andreas , Brackmann Hans , Van Loo Birgit , Nies Gudrun , Ruland Christiane , Spiegelberg Gertrud , Hammerstein Ursula 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe seroepidemiological profile of HBV and HDV was investigated in 640 male haemophiliacs. Twenty‐seven of forty‐four HBsAg carriers were anti‐HDV‐lgG positive, 22 were also anti‐HDV‐IgM positive. A markedly lower prevalence of HDV infection was found in patients with anti‐HBc in the absence of HBsAg and anti‐HBs (6/41). Repeated detection of anti‐HDV‐IgM in 5/41 individuals of this group indicates that circulating HBsAg is not an absolute prerequisite for chronic HDV infection.Overall, chronically active HDV infection was detected more frequently in quiescent than in active chronic HBV infections. Anti‐HDV‐lgM was not detected in the absence of anti‐HDV‐lgG antibodies. Anti‐HDV‐IgG may disappear after resolution of HDV infection, as indicated by the low prevalence (1/42) in such individuals with past HBV infection as well as by loss of anti‐HDV‐lgG observed in two patients.
Hepatitis delta virus cDNA sequence from an acutely HBV‐infected chimpanzee: Sequence conservation in experimental animals
Authors: Kos Ton , Molijn Anco , Van Doorn Leen‐Jan , Van Belkum Alex , Dubbeld Martin , Schellekens Huub 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA was isolated from the serum of a chimpanzee acutely infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and superinfected with HDV. Interference of HDV with HBV resulted in decreased HBV DNA levels in the serum. This interference did not change the size of the two HBV specific RNAs present in the liver of the chimpanzee. The complete cDNA sequence of the HDV RNA (5th passage) was determined. Comparison of this cDNA sequence with our previously published sequence (4th passage), located in the variable domain of HDV, was highly conserved. The HDV strain used for these infections originated from a human HDV isolate also used for five to seven HDV passages in chronic HBV carrier chimpanzees (subtypes adw and ayw) or woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV). The complete HDV cDNA sequence showed an extreme conservation (up to 99.8% homology) with the previously published animal‐derived HDV cDNA sequences irrespective of passage number and animal species. In contrast a markedly lower homology (85–89%) was found when compared with 3 human‐derived HDV cDNA sequences. Comparison of our complete cDNA sequence with the human‐derived cDNA sequences showed that the nucleotide changes in the human‐derived isolates were restricted to specific regions on the genome and to specific basepair substitutions. The hepatitis Delta antigen (HDAg) is highly conserved both in the human‐ and animal‐derived cDNA sequences showing mainly conservative amino acid changes.
Human parvovirus B19 specific IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies and DNA in serum specimens from persons with erythema infectiosum
Authors: Erdman Dean D. , Usher M. Jane , Tsou Cecilia , Caul E. Owen , Gary G. William , Kajigaya Sachiko , Young Neal S. , Anderson Larry J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo determine the diagnostic use of different markers of acute parvovirus 619 infection, serum specimens obtained from 128 persons with erythema infectiosum were tested for specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM antibodies by capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell‐expressed B19 antigen, and tested for circulating B19 DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A significant rise in specific IgG and IgA antibodies was detected in 87% and 77%, respectively, of persons from whom acute‐ and convalescent‐phase serum specimens were available. Specific IgA antibodies were detected in single serum specimens from 90% of cases and were present in 22 (18%) of 120 persons from a control group without a history of recent exposure to B19. Specific IgM antibodies were detected i n 97% of cases and one person (IYO) from the control group. B19 DNA was detected in 94% of cases and was absent in 20 persons from the control group positive for both IgG and IgA antibodies. Serum specimens obtained between 4 and 6 months after onset of illness from six additional persons were also tested. All had specific IgG antibodies, four (67%) had IgA, five (83%) had IgM, and none had detectable B19 DNA. Our data indicate that 1) specific IgA antibodies are too persistent to be a useful indicator of recent B19 infection; 2) specific IgM antibodies are the most sensitive indicator of acute B19 infection in immunologically normal persons but can persist up to 6 months; and 3) 619 DNA can often be detected up to 2 months after onset of illness even in immunologically normal hosts and might be a useful adjunct test for diagnosis of acute B19 infection.