bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overpressure development in rift basins: an example from the Malay Basin, offshore Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Madon Mazlan 
Published: October 2008

The Malay Basin is a Tertiary transtensional rift basin located in offshore Peninsular Malaysia. A study of the subsurface pressure data has revealed at least two major overpressure compartments that are sealed by regional shale units. The main, basin-centre overpressure compartment has a domal shape and, in profile, shows a convex-up top-of-overpressure surface. In the basin centre, the top of overpressure is generally between 1900 m and 2000 m depth, and is confined mainly to a particular stratigraphic unit, the Middle Miocene unit E. It appears that the top of overpressure is influenced by the underlying regional shale seal in unit F, and that the mild overpressure encountered in unit E represents the overpressure transition zone. Due to the convex-upward top-of-overpressure surface, overpressure is generally encountered at shallower depths in the basin centre compared to the basin flanks. A smaller overpressure compartment is also identified on the northeastern flank of the basin. This compartment is sealed by the onlapping, transgressive shale of unit L (Lower Miocene) and occurs at a depth of 2600–3000 m. Hence, regional shale seals have a strong influence on overpressure distribution.
Disequilibrium compaction is believed to be the primary causal mechanism for the overpressure in the basin centre. Overpressure development is the consequence of high subsidence and sedimentation rates during basin extension. Low subsidence and sedimentation rates on the basin flanks do not generate overpressure. The domal shape of the top-of-overpressure surface is thus a result of different rates of subsidence and sedimentation across the basin.

The basin's overpressure history is simulated by means of a simple model. Modelling results indicate that the basin overpressure developed very early, during the syn-rift phase (
c.
30–21 Ma), when sediment burial rates were very high (>1000 m Ma
−1
). Overpressure build-up occurred rapidly during the syn-rift phase but has started to dissipate gradually since the post-rift phase began 21 Ma ago, when sedimentation rates were well below 1000 m Ma
−1
. This suggests that disequilibrium compaction as an overpressure-generating mechanism was effective during only the syn-rift phase of basin development. Sedimentation rates during the post-rift phase (generally less than 500 m Ma
−1
) were not high enough to generate overpressure. The pre-existing overpressure is thus able to dissipate through the sedimentary column, causing the build-up of pore pressure in the post-rift section. Thus, the overpressure in the post-rift strata is probably of secondary origin, derived from excess pressure dissipated from the underlying syn-rift strata. Overpressure generated by disequilibrium compaction during the syn-rift phase has been modified and re-distributed as the basin evolved through the post-rift phase.
Combined effects of structural, stratigraphic and well controls on production variability in faulted shallow-marine reservoirs
Authors: Skorstad A. , Kolbjørnsen O. , Manzocchi T. , Carter J. N. , Howell J. A. 
Published: October 2008

Several key parameters that describe a prograding shallow-marine reservoir are investigated for their relative importance on hydrocarbon production variability. Sedimentological parameters are aggradation angle, progradation direction relative to the waterflood, continuity of cemented surfaces and shoreline curvature. Structural parameters are the fault pattern, the density (throw) of the faults and the fault-rock permeability. The last component investigated is the effect of well placements. Having three distinct levels for all sedimentological and structural parameters in addition to a non-faulted case gives a dataset of 2268 reservoir models. Four different sets of well locations produce 9072 production datasets.
The variability of the production data is decomposed into its explanatory factors in order to see the relative importance of the chosen parameters. The production data include the total production, the discounted production and the recovery factor. The sedimentological parameters dominate both the production and the discounted production variability, especially the aggradation angle and progradation direction, whereas the fault pattern is equally significant for the recovery factor. Continuity of sedimentological barriers were found to contribute less than expected to the production variability for these reservoir models, and the well placements also showed a low effect.
Upscaling uncertainty analysis in a shallow-marine environment
Authors: Stephen Karl D. , Yang Canghu , Carter Jonathan N. , Howell John A. , Manzocchi Tom , Skorstad Arne 
Published: October 2008

Geological models are often created at a scale finer than is suitable for flow simulation and also ignore the effects of sub-cellular heterogeneities. Upscaling of static and dynamic reservoir properties is an important process that captures the impact of smaller scales, ensuring that both heterogeneity and the flow physics are represented more accurately. A Geopseudo upscaling approach for shallow-marine reservoirs is presented, which captures the essential flow characteristics across a range of scales from laminae to the simulation grid. Starting with a base-case set of minimum assumptions enables generation of one set of pseudo-relative permeability and capillary pressure curves per facies. This is then expanded to investigate the limitations of these assumptions and compare their impact against variations in large-scale geological and structural parameters. For the analysis, two-level full factorial experimental design is used to determine important parameters. A comparison of upscaling effects is also performed.
The most important upscaling and fine-scale parameters identified by the analysis are the shape of the capillary pressure curve, lamina-scale permeability variation and upscaling flow speed. Of similar importance are the sedimentological parameters for shoreline aggradation angle and curvature. Fault direction (perpendicular and parallel to the shoreline) and the fine-scale upscaling method are of moderate to low importance. The shallow-marine parameter for clinoform barrier strength and the direction of flow considered when upscaling are unimportant. Analysis of upscaling effects suggests that the algorithm used at the intermediate scale is not important, while the assumed flow speed is very important, typically resulting in a 10% maximum variation in cumulative recovery. Fine-scale properties and upscaling methods affect recovery mostly due to increased initial water saturations but also because of early breakthrough.
Evaluation of added value in reservoir management by application of flow control with intelligent wells
Authors: Ebadi F. , Davies D. R. , Gardiner A. R. , Corbett P. W. M. 
Published: October 2008

Intelligent Well-systems Technology (IWsT) provides the delivery and management of production flexibility thorough downhole measurement and control. This paper uses a new workflow to evaluate the suitability of a wide range of reservoir types for IWsT application. This is achieved by a systematic study of a series of generic reservoir scenarios, based on property distributions derived from real field data and operational oil-field models. These geological scenarios were tested to determine the ‘Added Value’ from IWsT compared with standard well completions. Added value is expected through incremental oil recovery.
Results show that IWsT can control uneven, invading fluid fronts, which develop along the wellbore length due to permeability differences, reservoir compartmentalization, or different strengths of aquifer or gas cap support. The degree of improvement depends on the reservoir type (whether layered, faulted, channelized, etc.) and the distribution of porosity and permeability within it. Guidelines for the optimum placement of Internal Control Valve (ICV) locations in the planned completion zone are discussed. A global methodology was developed for the initial screening of favourable geological scenarios for the implementation of IWsT, and an ‘Application Envelope’ was developed based on the formation's correlation length and variability. The validity of this envelope is illustrated by its application to a real reservoir modelling case.
An integrated approach to understanding the petroleum system of a frontier deep-water area, offshore Japan
Authors: Okui Akihiko , Kaneko Mitsuyoshi , Nakanishi Satoshi , Monzawa Nobuaki , Yamamoto Hiroshi 
Published: October 2008

The Naoetsu Basin is one of several oil- and gas-producing provinces in Japan where thick Neogene strata are deposited, and oil and gas are produced from both onshore and offshore shelf areas. It is believed that the Naoetsu Basin extends into deep-water areas, but exploration activities were limited until 2000, except for regional 2D seismic surveys. After acquisition of a 3D seismic survey in 2001, the first two wells were drilled in 2004 in the deep-water area of the Naoetsu Basin. One well encountered an oil zone.
Multi-dimensional basin modelling was conducted to understand the petroleum system in the deep-water area of the Naoetsu Basin before and after the wells were drilled. The accuracy of basin modelling depends on the accuracy of the input data as well as the calibration process. However, even after the drilling campaign, only two wells were available in the deep-water area of the Naoetsu Basin. Therefore, the integration of various kinds of data, information and different techniques, such as 3D seismic, sedimentological and geochemical data, was carried out in this study. Development of sandstone networks, as well as the presence of major and minor faults, was identified on 3D seismic data. Oil and gas migration were constrained by geochemical data, such as carbon isotope on gases collected at the sea bottom and fluid inclusion chemistry.
Understanding of the petroleum system was increased significantly by this kind of integration, although the deep-water area of the Naoetsu Basin still remains a frontier area for oil and gas exploration. It was found that the petroleum system active in the deep-water area of the Naoetsu Basin is very effective. Even though maturation of the source rock has occurred only since the Pliocene, oil and gas generated and migrated very rapidly, first horizontally along sandstone networks and then vertically through faults reaching a level just below the sea bottom, with the result that the hydrocarbon trap has leaked.
Carbonate production and stratigraphic architecture of shelf-margin wedges (Cretaceous, Vercors): lessons from a stratigraphic modelling approach
Authors: Teles Vanessa , Eschard Rémi , Etienne Gisèle , Lopez Simon , Arnaud-Vanneau Annie 
Published: October 2008

This work was presented at the EAGE workshop in Grenoble. Its purpose was to illustrate a stratigraphic modelling approach on a single schematic 2D case and to discuss which sedimentary features are imaged on synthetic seismic sections at different frequencies. The Vercors plateau carbonate sequence, deposited during the Barremian to Early Aptian, was considered. Modelling hypotheses constrained mainly the depositional time length and the geometry of each sequence. In addition, it was assumed that most of the carbonates were produced
in situ
.

The stratigraphic modelling approach and lessons from the simulation results are presented, followed by a discussion of how stratigraphic modelling can be a helpful tool to validate or question the geological model. In order to reproduce the sequence geometries, rates of carbonate production needed to be changed between regressive and transgressive periods. Simulated sea-level changes do not match the geological estimations from field interpretation but they are in agreement with the magnitude of sea-level curve variations, with the exception of the early Barremian sequences. Qualitative and quantitative results from the model simulations help to question or validate the geological model. Stratigraphic modelling provides some insight into the way the carbonate system may have worked.
Secondly, for a smaller 2D geological model, several synthetic seismic sections were computed using wavelets of different dominant frequencies. The seismic sections are compared to underline what is imaged mainly at the different frequencies. The presence of two characteristic facies were also analysed. Results show the importance of some thin beds inside thick sequences and that certain sequence boundaries may not be visible at all.
Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Prefrontal Cortex Enhances Complex Verbal Associative Thought
Authors: Cerruti Carlo , Schlaug Gottfried 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The remote associates test (RAT) is a complex verbal task with associations to both creative thought and general intelligence. RAT problems require not only lateral associations and the internal production of many words but a convergent focus on a single answer. Complex problem-solving of this sort may thus require both substantial verbal processing and strong executive function capacities. Previous studies have provided evidence that verbal task performance can be enhanced by noninvasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). tDCS modulates excitability of neural tissue depending on the polarity of the current. The after-effects of this modulation may have effects on task performance if the task examined draws on the modulated region. Studies of verbal cognition have focused largely on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3 of the 10–20 EEG system) as a region of interest. We planned to assess whether modulating excitability at F3 could affect complex verbal abilities. In Experiment 1 (anodal, cathodal, or sham stimulation over F3 with the reference electrode over the contralateral supraorbital region), we found a significant overall effect of stimulation condition on RAT performance. Post hoc tests showed an increase in performance after anodal stimulation (1 mA) compared to sham (p = .025) and to cathodal stimulation (p = .038). In Experiment 2 (either anodal stimulation at F3 or separately at its homologue F4), we replicated the anodal effect of the first study, but also showed that anodal stimulation of F4 had no effect on RAT performance. These data provide evidence that anodal stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can improve performance on a complex verbal problem-solving task believed to require significant executive function capacity.
Visual Adaptation to Goal-directed Hand Actions
Authors: Barraclough Nick E. , Keith Rebecca H. , Xiao Dengke , Oram Mike W. , Perrett David I. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractProlonged exposure to visual stimuli, or adaptation, often results in an adaptation “aftereffect” which can profoundly distort our perception of subsequent visual stimuli. This technique has been commonly used to investigate mechanisms underlying our perception of simple visual stimuli, and more recently, of static faces. We tested whether humans would adapt to movies of hands grasping and placing different weight objects. After adapting to hands grasping light or heavy objects, subsequently perceived objects appeared relatively heavier, or lighter, respectively. The aftereffects increased logarithmically with adaptation action repetition and decayed logarithmically with time. Adaptation aftereffects also indicated that perception of actions relies predominantly on view-dependent mechanisms. Adapting to one action significantly influenced the perception of the opposite action. These aftereffects can only be explained by adaptation of mechanisms that take into account the presence/absence of the object in the hand. We tested if evidence on action processing mechanisms obtained using visual adaptation techniques confirms underlying neural processing. We recorded monkey superior temporal sulcus (STS) single-cell responses to hand actions. Cells sensitive to grasping or placing typically responded well to the opposite action; cells also responded during different phases of the actions. Cell responses were sensitive to the view of the action and were dependent upon the presence of the object in the scene. We show here that action processing mechanisms established using visual adaptation parallel the neural mechanisms revealed during recording from monkey STS. Visual adaptation techniques can thus be usefully employed to investigate brain mechanisms underlying action perception.
The Medial Temporal Lobe and the Left Inferior Prefrontal Cortex Jointly Support Interference Resolution in Verbal Working Memory
Authors: Öztekin Ilke , Curtis Clayton E. , McElree Brian 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
During working memory retrieval, proactive interference (PI) can be induced by semantic similarity and episodic familiarity. Here, we used fMRI to test hypotheses about the role of the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) and the medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions in successful resolution of PI. Participants studied six-word lists and responded to a recognition probe after a short distracter period. We induced semantic PI by using study lists containing words within the same semantic category (e.g., animals). We also measured PI induced by recent study, which should increase episodic familiarity, by comparing recent negative probes (lures studied in previous trial) to distant negative probes (lures that had not been presented within a block). Resolving both types of PI resulted in enhanced activation in LIFG and MTL regions. We propose that the LIFG and the MTL support successful resolution of interference via controlled retrieval processes that serve to recover detailed episodic (e.g., list-specific or source) information: Specifically, the data suggest that BOLD activation in the LIFG reflects the deployment of controlled retrieval operations, regardless of whether the retrieval attempt succeeds in recovering the target information, whereas MTL activation specifically reflects access to relevant episodic information that serves to successfully resolve PI.
Emotion Modulates Early Auditory Response to Speech
Authors: Wang Jade , Nicol Trent , Skoe Erika , Sams Mikko , Kraus Nina 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
In order to understand how emotional state influences the listener's physiological response to speech, subjects looked at emotion-evoking pictures while 32-channel EEG evoked responses (ERPs) to an unchanging auditory stimulus (“danny”) were collected. The pictures were selected from the International Affective Picture System database. They were rated by participants and differed in valence (positive, negative, neutral), but not in dominance and arousal. Effects of viewing negative emotion pictures were seen as early as 20 msec (p = .006). An analysis of the global field power highlighted a time period of interest (30.4–129.0 msec) where the effects of emotion are likely to be the most robust. At the cortical level, the responses differed significantly depending on the valence ratings the subjects provided for the visual stimuli, which divided them into the high valence intensity group and the low valence intensity group. The high valence intensity group exhibited a clear divergent bivalent effect of emotion (ERPs at Cz during viewing neutral pictures subtracted from ERPs during viewing positive or negative pictures) in the time period of interest (r Φ = .534, p &lt; .01). Moreover, group differences emerged in the pattern of global activation during this time period. Although both groups demonstrated a significant effect of emotion (ANOVA, p = .004 and .006, low valence intensity and high valence intensity, respectively), the high valence intensity group exhibited a much larger effect. Whereas the low valence intensity group exhibited its smaller effect predominantly in frontal areas, the larger effect in the high valence intensity group was found globally, especially in the left temporal areas, with the largest divergent bivalent effects (ANOVA, p &lt; .00001) in high valence intensity subjects around the midline. Thus, divergent bivalent effects were observed between 30 and 130 msec, and were dependent on the subject's subjective state, whereas the effects at 20 msec were evident only for negative emotion, independent of the subject's behavioral responses. Taken together, it appears that emotion can affect auditory function early in the sensory processing stream.
Anatomical Segregation of Representations of Personally Familiar and Famous People in the Temporal and Parietal Cortices
Authors: Sugiura Motoaki , Sassa Yuko , Watanabe Jobu , Akitsuki Yuko , Maeda Yasuhiro , Matsue Yoshihiko , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Person recognition has been assumed to entail many types of person-specific cognitive responses, including retrieval of knowledge, episodic recollection, and emotional responses. To demonstrate the cortical correlates of this modular structure of multimodal person representation, we investigated neural responses preferential to personally familiar people and responses dependent on familiarity with famous people in the temporal and parietal cortices. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements, normal subjects recognized personally familiar names (personal) or famous names with high or low degrees of familiarity (high or low, respectively). Effects of familiarity with famous people (i.e., high–low) were identified in the bilateral angular gyri, the left supramarginal gyrus, the middle part of the bilateral posterior cingulate cortices, and the left precuneus. Activation preferentially relevant to personally familiar people (i.e., personal–high) was identified in the bilateral temporo-parietal junctions, the right anterolateral temporal cortices, posterior middle temporal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex (with a peak in the posterodorsal part), and the left precuneus; these activation foci exhibited varying degrees of activation for high and low names. An equivalent extent of activation was observed for all familiar names in the bilateral temporal poles, the left orbito-insular junction, the middle temporal gyrus, and the anterior part of the posterior cingulate cortex. The results demonstrated that distinct cortical areas supported different types of cognitive responses, induced to different degrees during recognition of famous and personally familiar people, providing neuroscientific evidence for the modularity of multimodal person representation.