bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus hepatic abscess in a patient with sickle‐cell disease
Authors: MANCAO M. , ESTRADA B. , WILSON F. , FIGAROLA M. , WESENBERG R. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryWe report a case of a 16‐year‐old female patient with sickle‐cell disease with a liver abscess secondary to methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). She had initially presented with jaundice and abdominal pain and subsequently underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangio‐pancreaticography followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy for removal of gallstones. However, post‐cholecystectomy she presented with generalized abdominal pain and computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed a liver abscess. A pigtail catheter was inserted into the abscess and culture of the aspirate yielded MRSA (susceptibility pattern of the organism was compatible with community‐acquired MRSA). She was treated with intravenous clindamycin for 6 weeks with complete resolution of the abscess.
Immunoflow cytometry compared with PCR for the identification of clonality in FNAs of T‐cell‐rich B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Mayall F. , Johnson S. 
Published: December 2006

Objective:  The study aimed to compare the utility of immunoflow cytometry (IFC) with two IgH polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for the identification of clonality in fine needle aspirations (FNAs) from T‐cell‐rich B‐cell lymphomas (TCRBCLs).Methods:  Ten cases of TCRBCLs were identified in which IFC had been performed according to our previously described method. Seven of these were cases in which the original diagnosis had been made by FNA cytology with IFC and cell block immunohistochemistry (IHC). The remaining three cases only had biopsies with histology, IFC and IHC. Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded FNA cell block or histology tissue from these specimens had also been submitted for IgH PCR clonality studies using primers FR2a/VLJH and primers FR3a/VLJH. The results were reviewed and compared.Results:  All 10 case demonstrated B‐cell clonality for at least one of the primer sets on PCR, but none showed light chain restriction on IFC. All TCRBCLs were positive for CD20 and CD79a but negative for CD10 and BCl‐2. They were also consistently negative for CD22, CD23, CD5, CD43, ALK‐1, cyclin D1 and CD30.Conclusions:  If IgH PCR clonality assays had a turnaround time of 1 or 2 days, there might be a strong case for these studies supporting or even replacing IFC, in the FNA diagnosis of lymphoid lesions.
Maternal attendance and the maintenance of family groups in common earwigs (Forficula auricularia): a field experiment
Authors: KÖLLIKER MATHIAS , VANCASSEL MICHEL 
Published: December 2006

Abstract 1. Understanding the evolution of subsocial behaviour and parental care requires experimental tests of the functional significance of such behaviours and the role of tending parents in the maintenance of family groups. Studies in subsocial insects addressing these issues experimentally and in the field are still relatively rare.2. In such a field experiment, it is demonstrated here that the presence of tending females enhances the maintenance of family groups in common earwigs, Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera; Forficulidae). Experimental removal of tending mothers resulted in substantially decreased recovery of occupied nest burrows and larvae. This effect may have been because of decreased survival among experimental larvae, although a possible role for enhanced larval dispersal could not be fully ruled out.3. Experimental (motherless) larvae were partly observed in family groups with a tending female, in both experimental and control nest burrows, suggesting that these larvae had been adopted by family groups moving to new nest burrows, and/or that experimental larvae may have actively joined other family groups.4. This study demonstrates under field conditions the functional importance of maternal attendance for the maintenance of family groups in common earwigs, and suggests that adoption and clutch‐joining are factors affecting the social structure of this species.
Global patterns of diversity and community structure in marine bacterioplankton
Authors: POMMIER T. , CANBÄCK B. , RIEMANN L. , BOSTRÖM K. H. , SIMU K. , LUNDBERG P. , TUNLID A. , HAGSTRÖM Å. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBecause of their small size, great abundance and easy dispersal, it is often assumed that marine planktonic microorganisms have a ubiquitous distribution that prevents any structured assembly into local communities. To challenge this view, marine bacterioplankton communities from coastal waters at nine locations distributed world‐wide were examined through the use of comprehensive clone libraries of 16S ribosomal RNA genes, used as operational taxonomic units (OTU). Our survey and analyses show that there were marked differences in the composition and richness of OTUs between locations. Remarkably, the global marine bacterioplankton community showed a high degree of endemism, and conversely included few cosmopolitan OTUs. Our data were consistent with a latitudinal gradient of OTU richness. We observed a positive relationship between the relative OTU abundances and their range of occupation, i.e. cosmopolitans had the largest population sizes. Although OTU richness differed among locations, the distributions of the major taxonomic groups represented in the communities were analogous, and all local communities were similarly structured and dominated by a few OTUs showing variable taxonomic affiliations. The observed patterns of OTU richness indicate that similar evolutionary and ecological processes structured the communities. We conclude that marine bacterioplankton share many of the biogeographical and macroecological features of macroscopic organisms. The general processes behind those patterns are likely to be comparable across taxa and major global biomes.
Extensive spatial genetic structure revealed by AFLP but not SSR molecular markers in the wind‐pollinated tree, Fagus sylvatica
Authors: JUMP ALISTAIR S. , PEÑUELAS JOSEP 
Published: December 2006

AbstractStudies of fine‐scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) in wind‐pollinated trees have shown that SGS is generally weak and extends over relatively short distances (less than 30–40 m) from individual trees. However, recent simulations have shown that detection of SGS is heavily dependent on both the choice of molecular markers and the strategy used to sample the studied population. Published studies may not always have used sufficient markers and/or individuals for the accurate estimation of SGS. To assess the extent of SGS within a population of the wind‐pollinated tree Fagus sylvatica, we genotyped 200 trees at six microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and 250 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and conducted spatial analyses of pairwise kinship coefficients. We re‐sampled our data set over individuals and over loci to determine the effect of reducing the sample size and number of loci used for SGS estimation. We found that SGS estimated from AFLP markers extended nearly four times further than has been estimated before using other molecular markers in this species, indicating a persistent effect of restricted gene flow at small spatial scales. However, our SSR‐based estimate was in agreement with other published studies. Spatial genetic structure in F. sylvatica and similar wind‐pollinated trees may therefore be substantially larger than has been estimated previously. Although 100–150 AFLP loci and 150–200 individuals appear sufficient for adequately estimating SGS in our analysis, 150–200 individuals and six SSR loci may still be too few to provide a good estimation of SGS in this species.
Interplay between ecological, behavioural and historical factors in shaping the genetic structure of sympatric walleye populations (Sander vitreus)
Authors: DUPONT PIERRE‐PHILIPPE , BOURRET VINCENT , BERNATCHEZ LOUIS 
Published: December 2006

AbstractDisentangling ecological, behavioural and evolutionary factors responsible for the presence of stable population structure within wild populations has long been challenging to population geneticists. This study primarily aimed at decoding population structure of wild walleye (Sander vitreus) populations of Mistassini Lake (Québec, Canada) in order to define source populations to be used for the study of spatial partitioning using individual‐based multilocus assignment methods, and decipher the dynamics of individual dispersal and resulting patterns of spatial resource partitioning and connectivity among populations. A second objective was to elucidate the relationships between biological characteristics (sex, size, age and population of origin) and an individual's probability to migrate and/or disperse. To do so, a total of 780 spawning individuals caught on five distinct spawning sites, and 1165 postspawning individuals, captured over two sampling seasons (2002–2003) were analysed by means of eight microsatellite loci. Four temporally stable walleye populations associated with distinct reproductive grounds were detected. These populations were differentially distributed among lake sectors during their feeding migration and their spatial distribution was stable over the two sampling seasons. Dispersing individuals were identified (n = 61); these revealed asymmetrical patterns of dispersal between populations, which was also confirmed by divergent admixture proportions. Regression models underlined population of origin as the only factor explaining differential dispersal of individuals among populations. An analysis of covariance (ancova) indicated that larger individuals tended to migrate from their river of origin further away in the lake relative to smaller fish. In summary, this study underlined the relevance of using individual‐based assignment methods for deciphering dynamics of connectivity among wild populations, especially regarding behavioural mechanisms such as differential spatial partitioning and dispersal responsible for the maintenance of genetic population structure.
Glauberite–halite association of the Zaragoza Gypsum Formation (Lower Miocene, Ebro Basin, NE Spain)
Authors: SALVANY JOSEP M. , GARCÍA‐VEIGAS JAVIER , ORTÍ FEDERICO 
Published: December 2006

AbstractGlauberite is the most common mineral in the ancient sodium sulphate deposits in the Mediterranean region, although its origin, primary or diagenetic, continues to be a matter of debate. A number of glauberite deposits of Oligocene–Miocene age in Spain display facies characteristics of sedimentologic significance, in particular those in which a glauberite–halite association is predominant. In this context, a log study of four boreholes in the Zaragoza Gypsum Formation (Lower Miocene, Ebro Basin, NE Spain) was carried out. Two glauberite–halite lithofacies associations, A and B, are distinguished: association (A) is composed of bedded cloudy halite and minor amounts of massive and clastic glauberite; association (B) is made up of laminated to thin‐bedded, clear macrocrystalline, massive, clastic and contorted lithofacies of glauberite, and small amounts of bedded cloudy halite. Transparent glauberite cemented by clear halite as well as normal‐graded and reverse‐graded glauberite textures are common. This type of transparent glauberite is interpreted as a primary, subaqueous precipitate. Gypsum, thenardite or mirabilite are absent in the two associations. The depositional environment is interpreted as a shallow perennial saline lake system, in which chloride brines (association A) and sulphate–(chloride) brines (association B) are developed. The geochemical study of halite crystals (bromine contents and fluid inclusion compositions) demonstrates that conditions for co‐precipitation of halite and glauberite, or for precipitation of Na‐sulphates (mirabilite, thenardite) were never fulfilled in the saline lake system.
The relationship between channel avulsion, flow occupancy and aggradation in braided rivers: insights from an experimental model
Authors: ASHWORTH PHILIP J. , BEST JAMES L. , JONES MERREN A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractExperimental modelling of an aggrading braided river has allowed investigation of the relationship between the frequency of channel avulsion (Af), the duration of time that the braidplain is occupied by flow, the spatial pattern of braidplain sedimentation and how these respond to a change in sediment supply (Ss). Model results demonstrate a strong, positive relationship between Ss and Af and that there is no downstream change in Af over the short braidplain distances (ca 100 m) modelled herein. Although Af is strongly dependent on Ss, the degree of channel switching does not influence the rate, or spatial pattern, of braidplain sedimentation. All experiments used a single, central input for water and sediment, and the channels occupied the centre of the alluvial basin for a longer period of time than the margins for all sediment supply rates and distances downstream. Despite this spatio‐temporal pattern in flow occupancy, braidplain sedimentation rates were nearly uniform both downstream and across the basin, and increased at approximately the same rate as increases in Ss. As a consequence, less frequent, and possibly short‐lived, flows at the margins of the braidplain deposited and preserved more sediment per unit time in comparison with the centre of the basin where flow occupancy was higher. An approximate order of magnitude change in sediment supply resulted in only a factor of two change in bed slope, probably due to both an increase in channelization and adjustment of the channel form that maintained sediment transport through the basin. This result suggests that linear diffusion models are unlikely to be applicable in landscape evolution models that possess aggrading multi‐thread rivers, which are capable of self‐adjustment in channel number and form.
Provenance of Jurassic accretionary complex: Mino terrane, inner zone of south‐west Japan – implications for palaeogeography of eastern Asia
Authors: JOO YOUNG JI , LEE YONG IL , HISADA KEN‐ICHIRO 
Published: December 2006

AbstractProvenance and tectonic history of the Jurassic accretionary complex, Mino terrane, located in the Inner Zone of south‐west Japan, were studied using sandstone framework composition and mudrock geochemistry. Modal analysis of sandstones shows that the tectonic setting of the source area for the studied Mino terrane clastic rocks was uplifted basement, largely dominated by high‐grade metamorphic terrain composed of quartz and feldspar, especially plagioclase. The textural and mineralogical immaturity, extent of alkali and alkaline earth element leaching, low chemical index of alteration values and depleted rare earth element (REE) contents suggest rapid uplift and erosion within the source terrain and a relatively weak weathering intensity. Factor analysis revealed that grain‐size effects governed compositional heterogeneity in the studied sediments. Provenance of the sediments is interpreted as being plagioclase‐enriched felsic basement rock, such as granodiorite, within a continental margin and evolved arc tectonic setting rather than active volcanic arc. Lack of a contribution from active volcanic arcs may have resulted from the cessation of volcanism during the reorganization of the subducting plate system and/or erosion of arc volcanics and exposure of basement. Considering the previous studies on palaeogeography and palaeocurrent reconstruction, the north‐eastern part of the Yeongnam massif in the Korean Peninsula is interpreted as the most probable source area for the studied turbidites. The results of mixing calculation for Mino terrane sediments suggest that Precambrian leucocratic granite and the basement rock of the Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin shed large amounts of sediments to the Mino trench, whilst Precambrian granitic gneiss and the Triassic pluton supplied lesser amounts. The results of this study reveal that, although active subduction–accretion processes were occurring, the Mino trench was bordered by continental basement rocks. This knowledge contributes to enhanced understanding of the Jurassic palaeogeography of the east Asia continental margin.
Life cycle abbreviation in the trematodeCoitocaecum parvum: can parasites adjust to variable conditions?
Authors: LAGRUE C. , POULIN R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe complex life cycles of parasites are thought to have evolved from simple one‐host cycles by incorporating new hosts. Nevertheless, complex developmental routes present parasites with a sequence of highly unlikely transmission events in order to complete their life cycles. Some trematodes likeCoitocaecum parvumuse facultative life cycle abbreviation to counter the odds of trophic transmission to the definitive host. Parasites adopting life cycle truncation possess the ability to reproduce within their intermediate host, using progenesis, without the need to reach the definitive host. Usually, both abbreviated and normal life cycles are observed in the same population of parasites. Here, we demonstrate experimentally thatC. parvumcan modulate its development in its amphipod intermediate host and adopt either the abbreviated or the normal life cycle depending on current transmission opportunities or the degree of intra‐host competition among individual parasites. In the presence of cues from its predatory definitive host, the parasite is significantly less likely to adopt progenesis than in the absence of such cues. An intermediate response is obtained when the parasites are exposed to cues from non‐host predators. The adoption of progenesis is less likely, however, when two parasites share the resource‐limited intermediate host. These results show that parasites with complex developmental routes have transmission strategies and perception abilities that are more sophisticated than previously thought.
Washing of stored red blood cells by an autotransfusion device before transfusion
Authors: De Vroege R. , Wildevuur W. R. , Muradin J. A. G. , Graves D. , Van Oeveren W. 
Published: December 2006

Background and Objectives  The use of an autotransfusion device to wash blood of the incision site is increasing. After washing, this blood is retransfused without side effects caused by activated plasma factors and cell release products. This procedure could be extended to washing of donor blood, which may be particularly useful for red blood cells (RBCs) stored for more than 4 weeks that contain high concentrations of free haemoglobin, potassium, lactate and other metabolites. It is not known whether stored RBCs can withstand the cell washing procedure with the use of an autotransfusion device, while keeping their primary functions intact. The objective of this study was to determine the quality of RBCs, after cell washing in comparison to untreated RBCs.Materials and Methods  RBCs were studied in terms of integrity (free haemoglobin), stored energy (2,3‐diphosphoglycerate, adenosine triphosphate), metabolites (lactate, potassium) and physical characteristics (osmotic resistance, aggregability, deformability).Results  After washing, free lactate and potassium were significantly reduced as compared to the levels before washing. The osmotic resistance of RBCs slightly improved, whereas aggregation capacity reduced after washing. Fifteen per cent of haemoglobin was lost during washing. The deformability and free haemoglobin levels remained unchanged.Conclusion  Washing stored blood before transfusion may be of benefit, because the waste products are effectively removed from the stored RBC.
FY*X real‐time polymerase chain reaction with melting curve analysis associated with a complete one‐step real‐time FY genotyping
Authors: Ansart‐Pirenne H. , Martin‐Blanc S. , Le Pennec P.‐Y. , Rouger P. , Cartron J.‐P. , Tournamille C. 
Published: December 2006

Background and Objectives  The Duffy (FY) blood group system is controlled by four major alleles: FY*A and FY*B, the Caucasian common alleles, encoding Fya and Fyb antigens; FY*X allele responsible for a poorly expressed Fyb antigen, and FY*Fy a silent predominant allele among Black population. Despite the recent development of a real‐time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for FY genotyping FY*X genotyping has not been described by this method. This study focused on the real‐time FY*X genotyping development associated with a complete, one‐step real‐time FY genotyping, based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology.Materials and Methods  Seventy‐two blood samples from Fy(a+b–) Caucasian blood donors were studied by real‐time PCR only. Forty‐seven Caucasian and Black individual blood samples, referred to our laboratory, were studied by PCR‐RFLP and real‐time PCR. For each individual, the result of the genotype was compared to the known phenotype.Results  The FY*X allele frequency calculated in an Fy(a+b–) Caucasian blood donors population was 0·014. With the Caucasian and Black patient samples we found a complete correlation between PCR‐RFLP and the real‐time PCR method whatever the alleles combination tested. When the known phenotype was not correlated to FY*X genotype, the presence of the Fyb antigen was always confirmed by adsorption–elution.Conclusion  The real‐time technology method is rapid and accurate for FY genotyping. From now, we are able to detect the FY*X allele in all the alleles combinations studied. Regarding its significant frequency, the detection of the FY*X allele is useful for the correct typing of blood donors and recipients considering the therapeutic use of blood units and the preparation of test red blood cells for antibody screening.
Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of rhesus monkey brain development
Authors: Malkova L. , Heuer E. , Saunders R. C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTo examine early brain development, T1‐weighted structural MRI scans of seven rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were obtained longitudinally between the ages of 1 week and 4 years at 12 age points. Total brain volume, calculated at each age point, increased significantly, by 56%, between 1 week and 4 years. The greatest increase of 22% occurred between 1 week and 1 month, followed by further significant increases between 1 and 2 months, and 3 and 4 months. Gradually smaller increases continued up to 3 years with no further significant changes thereafter. A robust maturation of white matter occurred between 1 week, at which the only easily identifiable fibre tracts were internal capsule and optic radiations, and 3 months, at which most large fibre tracts were visible; only at this age reproducible measurements were possible for all cases. White matter volume increased by 126% between 3 months and 4 years, with the biggest increase between 3 and 4 months (32%) followed by smaller but significant increases up to 4 years. The macaque brain development parallels that of humans by reaching the maximum in total brain volume around the age of sexual maturity (in macaques 3–4 years) and by the increases in white matter continuing beyond this age. The most rapid growth in both total brain volume and white matter from birth to approximately 4 months is consistent with the emergence of various cognitive abilities in macaques at that age.