bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deacidification and recovery of distillates in the physical refining of edible oils
Authors: Prieto Manuela , Bada Juan Carlos , León‐Camacho Manuel , Constante Enrique Graciani 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA pilot plant‐scale continuous deodorization installation was developed to simultaneously test several technological changes in the classical deodorization process: use of nitrogen as stripping gas, heating of the gas above the liquid oil, and use of shell‐and‐tube condensers for the recovery of distillates. Deacidification trials were first carried out on mixtures of commercial refined sunflower oil and high‐oleic distillates, and subsequently on bleached olive and sunflower oils. The performance of usual working conditions was analyzed: nitrogen mass flow rate, oil temperature and oil mass flow rate. Marked differences were not observed in the results of the final acidity, compositions of free fatty acids and sterols in the deacidified oil. However, the use of shell‐and‐tube condensers makes it possible to recover liquid distillates in better conditions than in the classical process for their further concentration, while at the same time reducing process pollution.
Oxidation of oleuropein studied by EPR and spectrophotometry
Authors: Tzika Evaggelia D. , Papadimitriou Vassiliki , Sotiroudis Theodore G. , Xenakis Aristotelis 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe autoxidation at alkaline pH and enzymatic oxidation by mushroom tyrosinase of oleuropein, the dominant biophenol present in the fruits and leaves of Olea europea, was followed by both electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and absorption spectroscopy. For comparison, the same oxidation processes were applied to 4‐methylcatechol, a simple polyphenol present in olive mill wastewaters. EPR spectra of stable o‐semiquinone radicals produced during autoxidation at pH 12 and short‐lived o‐semiquinone free radicals produced during autoxidation at pH 9.0 or tyrosinase action and stabilized by chelation with a diamagnetic metal ion (Mg2+) were recorded for both polyphenols, and the corresponding hyperfine splitting constants were determined. The UV‐Vis spectral characteristics of the oxidation of polyphenols were highly dependent on the type of polyphenol, oxidant type and the pH of the reaction. The kinetic behavior of tyrosinase in the presence of oleuropein and 4‐methylcatechol was followed by recording spectral changes at 400 nm (absorption maximum) over time. The tysosinase activity with oleuropein showed a pronounced pH optimum at pH 6.5 and a minor one around pH 8. From the data analysis of the initial rate at pH 6.5, the kinetic parameters Km = 0.34 ± 0.03 mM and Vmax = 0.029 ± 0.002 ΔA400 min–1 were determined for oleuropein.
Physical properties of shortenings with low‐trans fatty acids as affected by emulsifiers and storage conditions
Authors: Martini Silvana , Herrera María L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe quality of shortenings, such as solid fat content (SFC) and texture, strongly depends on temperature fluctuations during storage and handling. The quality of a shortening might be affected not only by temperature fluctuations but also by its chemical composition and the presence of emulsifiers. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of emulsifier addition and storage conditions on the texture, thermal behavior and SFC of low‐trans shortenings formulated with palm oil, palm kernel oil, and vegetable oils such as sunflower and soybean oils. Several conclusions can be drawn from this study: (a) The crystallization behavior of fat blends strongly depends on the type of emulsifier used and the chemical composition of the sample; (b) the addition of emulsifiers affects not only the type of crystals formed (fractionation) but also the amount of crystals obtained (enthalpy, SFC), inducing or delaying the crystallization process; (c) emulsifiers affect the texture of the crystalline structure formed by making it softer; (d) the storage conditions affect both the texture and the SFC of the materials. This study shows that samples that are highly super‐cooled during storage become harder while samples that are less super‐cooled become softer with storage conditions.
Ketene Formation or Phenyl‐Group Migration as the Favorable Intramolecular Rearrangement in Phenyliodonium Ylides of Hydroxyquinones
Authors: Bakalbassis Evangelos G. , Spyroudis Spyros , Tsipis Constantinos A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPhenyliodonium ylides of hydroxyquinones easily undergo intramolecular rearrangements associated with phenyl‐group migration or ketene formation under ambient conditions. The mechanism of the two rival potential reaction paths was explored by electronic structure calculation techniques at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p)∪SDD(I) level. It was found that both rearrangements follow a single‐step concerted mechanism occurring via a four‐membered [1.1.0] bicyclic ring transition state for the ketene‐formation process and a five‐membered transition state for the phenyl‐group migration process. The ketene‐formation pathway is predicted to be kinetically and thermodynamically more favorable than the phenyl‐group migration pathway, and this is in excellent agreement with the experimental findings that these ylides predominantly form ketenes. An alternative pathway to ketene formation that involves intramolecular rearrangement through a singlet‐carbene transition state resulting from dissociation of iodobenzene was also examined. This process was found to be kinetically unfavorable, asit demanded a relatively high activation barrier of 40.6 kcal mol–1. The geometric and energy reaction profile of both intramolecular rearrangements were thoroughly scrutinized, whereas the electronic effects accompanying the intramolecular rearrangements were analyzed by means of electronic structure calculation methods.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Regioselectivity of Friedländer Quinoline Syntheses
Authors: Diedrich Claas Lüder , Haase Detlev , Saak Wolfgang , Christoffers Jens 
Published: February 2008

AbstractOptically active, bicyclic ketones were submitted to Friedländer quinoline syntheses with 2‐aminobenzaldehyde to yield regioisomeric linear or angular products. When starting from trans‐configured ketones, the linear products are the major isomers (ratios ranging from 76:24 to >98/2). With cis‐configured ketones the angular products are predominantly formed, although with lower regioselectivity.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Unlimited‐volume stacking of ions in capillary electrophoresis. Part 1: Stationary isotachophoretic stacking of anions
Authors: Breadmore Michael C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAn online technique for stacking based on the generation of a stationary isotachophoretic (sITP) boundary is presented. By balancing the anodic migration of an ITP boundary with a cathodic EOF, a stationary boundary is formed that can be used to indefinitely concentrate analytes according to ITP principles during electrokinetic injection. The ITP boundary is created by using an electrolyte containing a leading ion (chloride) and a suitable terminating ion added to the sample (2‐morpholinoethanesulphonic acid, MES). Destacking and separation are achieved simply by replacement of the sample vial with electrolyte. The formation and stabilisation of the sITP boundary were evaluated through computer simulation which revealed that the pH had little impact upon the formation of the sITP boundary, but did govern the position at which it becomes stationary. Simulations also demonstrated that similar results were obtained when the capillary was initially filled with sample/terminator or leader/electrolyte, which was also supported by experimental results. Using 100 mM Cl−, 200 mM Tris, pH 8.05 as the leader/electrolyte and adding 100 mM MES, 200 mM Tris, pH 8.05 to the sample, the sITP boundary was established after 5 min at −20 kV and was stable for at least 60 min. This provided detection limits for NO2−, NO3− and SCN− of 0.05–0.66 ppb, which are 10 000 times lower than hydrodynamic injection and 10–50 times lower than other stacking approaches used for these inorganic ions.
Aroma volatiles of ‘a la Piedra’Turrón
Authors: Vázquez‐Araújo Laura , Verdú Alexis , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract‘A la piedra’turrónis a typical Spanish confection prepared from toasted almonds, sugar, lemon peel and cinnamon; it is the simplest version ofturrón. To date, no information has been available on aroma profiles of any type ofturrón. The aroma profiles of ‘a la piedra’turrónfrom two different manufacturing companies were studied. A total of 66 compounds were detected, including terpenes (21), terpenoids (16), aldehydes (8), pyrazines (5), furans (3), pyrroles (2), aromatic hydrocarbons (7) and others (4). The predominant volatile compounds were those originated from the lemon peel (≈30%), the most characteristic and important ingredient of this food from a flavour point of view. However, descriptive sensory analysis proved that other attributes, such as toasted, nutty, cinnamon, sweet and aftertaste, were also of importance. The low levels of pyrazines (the chemical group most characteristic of toasted nuts) were probably related to a deficient and not optimized toasting process. Thus, further studies are needed to optimize the roasting conditions of almonds. Finally, this study proved that the flavour of this type ofturrónwas dominated by the lemon peel and cinnamon notes, and that low‐toasted almonds were used in its manufacture. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fumigant toxicity of Korean medicinal plant essential oils and components from Asiasarum sieboldi root against Sitophilus oryzae L.
Authors: Kim Junheon , Park Il‐Kwon 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMedicinal plant essential oils and components from Asiasarum sieboldi were tested for their insecticidal activities against the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae, using a fumigation bioassay. Responses varied with plant material and concentration. The LC50 value of A. sieboldi essential oil against rice weevil was 2.37 µg/ml air. Analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry led to the identification of 20 compounds from A. sieboldi essential oil. Among identified compounds, five main compounds were tested for their insecticidal activity against rice weevil and compared to the toxicity of dichlorvos. Responses varied with compound and dose. Eucarvone was the most toxic, followed by safrole, with LC50 values of 3.32 and 11.27 µg/ml, respectively. LC50 values of other compounds were >25 µg/ml. The LC50 value of dichlorvos was 0.0081 µg/ml. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unclassified variants identified in BRCA1 exon 11: Consequences on splicing
Authors: Anczuków Olga , Buisson Monique , Salles Marie‐Josèphe , Triboulet Sarah , Longy Michel , Lidereau Rosette , Sinilnikova Olga M. , Mazoyer Sylvie 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNumerous mutations identified in breast/ovarian cancer families occur in splice sites of the BRCA1 gene. Splicing can also be disrupted by mutations occurring in exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) sequences. It is important to identify those mutations among the large number of nontruncating sequence variants that are identified during molecular diagnosis, as this could help to classify some of them as cancer predisposing. Several software programs have been designed to identify ESEs and can therefore be used to predict the outcome of genetic variation. However, it is not known whether these predictions are relevant in the case of BRCA1 exon 11 (3.4 kb). In this study, we assessed the consequences on splicing of 108 exon 11 variants identified in French breast/ovarian cancer families, most of them predicted to alter putative ESEs, and of nine variants located in the exon 11 alternative donor splice site. We employed a BRCA1 minigene consisting of exon 10 to 12, into which we introduced separately each of the variants to be tested. RNA was analyzed by RT‐PCR after transient transfection of the resulting minigenes. None of the tested variants was found to dramatically alter splicing through disruption of an ESE. However, we identified several variants in the alternative donor splice site that are likely to be of biological significance as they appear to favor the expression of BRCA1‐Δ11b over that of the full‐length transcript. The results of this study will be of value to classify BRCA1 exon 11 variants of unknown significance. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High definition cytogenetics and oligonucleotide aCGH analyses of cisplatin‐resistant ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Prasad Mona , Bernardini Marcus , Tsalenko Anya , Marrano Paula , Paderova Jana , Lee Chung‐Hae , Ben‐Dor Amir , Barrett Michael T. , Squire Jeremy A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractArray comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is a key platform to assess cancer genomic profiles. Many structural genomic aberrations cannot be detected by aCGH alone. We have applied molecular cytogenetic analyses including spectral karyotyping, multicolor banding, and fluorescence in situ hybridization with aCGH to comprehensively investigate the genomic aberrations associated with cisplatin resistance in A2780 ovarian cancer cells. A2780 is a well‐established model of chemotherapeutic resistance with distinct karyotypic abnormalities in the parental and cisplatin‐resistant cells. Cytogenetic analysis revealed that two unbalanced translocations, der(8)t(1;8) and der(X)t(X;1), and loss of chromosome 13 were present only in the resistant line. Our aCGH analyses detected imbalances affecting an additional 10.59% of the genome in the cisplatin‐resistant cells compared with the parental. DNA copy number changes included deletions at 1p10–p22.1, 8p23.3, and Xq13.1‐pter, and a duplication of 8q11.22‐q23. Cryptic genomic aberrations associated with concurrent localized changes of specific gene expression included a homozygous deletion of 0.38 Mb at 1p21.3 adjacent to SNX7, and an insertional transposition of 0.85 Mb from 13q12.12 into chromosome 22. This latter rearrangement led to an overexpression of four contiguous genes that flanked one of the breakpoint regions in chromosome 13. Furthermore, 17 genes showed differential expression correlating with genomic gain or loss between the resistant and parent lines, validated by a second expression array platform. These results highlight the integration of comprehensive profiling to determine relationships of genomic aberrations and genes associated with an in vitro drug resistance model in ovarian cancer. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Homozygous deletions may be markers of nearby heterozygous mutations: The complex deletion at FRA16D in the HCT116 colon cancer cell line removes exons of WWOX
Authors: Alsop Amber E. , Taylor Karen , Zhang Jieqing , Gabra Hani , Paige Adam J. W. , Edwards Paul A. W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractHomozygous deletions in cancer cells have been thought to harbor tumor suppressor genes. We show that the 25 and 50 kb homozygous deletions in WWOX in the colon cancer cell line HCT116 result from a complex set of heterozygous deletions, some of which overlap to give homozygous loss. One of the heterozygous deletions has removed exons 6–8 of one allele of WWOX, and there is also a third copy of the distal region of WWOX in an unbalanced translocation. The exon 6–8 deletion results in allele‐specific expression of a deleted transcript, which seems likely to be the main biological consequence of the deletions, since similar transcripts are found in other tumors. We show that such a complex set of deletions could form in a single exchange event between two homologous chromosomes, so that the selective advantage of such rearrangements need not be within the homozygous deletion. We conclude that homozygous deletions can be markers of complex rearrangements that have targets outside the homozygous deletion itself and that the target of deletions in the FRA16D region is indeed WWOX, the common outcome being the removal of particular WWOX exons. This article contains supplementary material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors affecting healthcare costs in manufacturing
Authors: Kara Kubi , Kothari Jinen , Genaidy Ash , Weckman Gary , Shell Richard , Karwowski Waldemar 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNumerous reviews were conducted on healthcare cost items and the factors that affect them. These reviews were not comprehensive enough to capture the entire objective and did not include the elements of an evidence‐based approach. This research presents a quality assessment designed to provide some possible solutions to the increasing effects of healthcare costs among manufacturing companies. The objective of this research is to develop a model that measures direct or insured costs and expands on the work by Paez et al. (2005) in which an estimation of uninsured costs was made. Published articles were obtained using a search of electronic databases and bibliographies of identified articles. The quality assessment of each article was conducted using a predetermined set of criteria. Seven articles satisfied the inclusion criteria adopted for this research. Although real‐life study setups and data collection activities exist, many articles lacked healthcare cost categorization. The findings do not include the relationship between factors and the cost of items. Results from the examples used in the automotive and chemical industries helped obtain an estimate of insurance and property damage costs. There appears to be a need for a model that represents the relationship between healthcare cost items and the leading factors. It could make it possible to control and greatly reduce the leading healthcare cost factors. A complete model containing both insured and uninsured costs was developed by combining the models. It built upon the concept of severity introduced by Paez et al. and applied the concept to include insured costs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interventions in the construction industry: A systematic review and critical appraisal
Authors: Rinder Maria Magdalena , Genaidy Ash , Salem Sam , Shell Richard , Karwowski Waldemar 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMusculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in the construction industry represent a significant problem resulting in days away from work, and the effective solution to this problem requires the implementation of useful interventions. This article presents a systematic review and critical appraisal of construction intervention studies to provide a basis for future research and practice. A comprehensive search of seven electronic databases—Medline, PubMed, Ergonomics Abstracts, Health and Safety Science Abstracts, BIOSIS, Psychinfo, and NIOSHTIC 2—was performed to identify relevant articles. Further, the methodological quality of identified studies was assessed by the Epidemiological Appraisal Instrument (EAI). Eight intervention studies linking and introducing the following aspects of the construction industry were identified: an intervention with reduced MSD; decreasing work demands; or increasing human abilities, comfort, or ease of use among workers. The methodological quality of the studies ranged between marginal and average. There is an urgent need for more construction intervention studies to fill the gaps in this research area. Moreover, future research and practice should avoid the limitations of past studies in order to ultimately reach the goal of effective interventions in the construction industry. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytogenetic analysis of 298 newly diagnosed cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Tunisia
Authors: Gmidène Abir , Sennana Hlima , Elghezal Hatem , Ziraoui Sihem , Youssef Yosra Ben , Elloumi Moez , Issaoui Lamia , Harrabi Imed , Raynaud Sophie , Saad Ali 
Published: February 2008

AbstractGenetic changes associated with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) provide diagnostic and prognostic information with a direct impact on patient management. We report the cytogenetic analysis of 298 Tunisian patients with ALL, including 183 children and 115 adults. Chromosome abnormalities have been detected in 68.2% of our patients associating clonal numerical and/or structural rearrangements. Some chromosomal abnormalities especially hyperdiploidy, 19p13 abnormalities, 8q24 translocations, 12p, 6q deletions and TCR rearrangements occur at a lower incidence compared to that reported in other populations. ALL cases (5.7%) had miscellaneous clonal abnormalities. We also found in our Tunisian series a higher incidence for T‐lineage ALL more than usually described. Among structural chromosomal abnormalities, t(9;22)(q34;q11) resulting in the BCR/ABL fusion and the t(12;21)(p13;q22) resulting in the TEL/AML1 fusion were studied by FISH providing additional diagnostic and prognostic information. We conclude that although the incidence of our cytogenetic results are slightly different, their clinical significance is similar to that described in the literature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interleukin‐1B (IL1B) and interleukin‐6 (IL6) gene polymorphisms are associated with risk of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Ennas Maria G. , Moore Patrick S. , Zucca Mariagrazia , Angelucci Emanuele , Cabras Maria G. , Melis Massimo , Gabbas Attilio , Serpe Roberto , Madeddu Clelia , Scarpa Aldo , Cocco Pierluigi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCommon polymorphisms in genes encoding for cytokines implicated in the inflammatory response and Th1/Th2 balance might play a role in the development and prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). To test the hypothesis, we investigated 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine of such genes in a population‐based case‐control study, conducted in the Italian region of Sardinia in 1999–2003. Forty incident CLL cases and 113 population controls were available for study. The following SNPs were selected: IL1A‐889C > T, IL1RN 9589A > T, IL1B‐31C > T, IL1B‐511C > T, IL2‐384T > G, IL6‐174G > C, IL6‐597G > A, IL10‐1082A > G, IL10‐3575T > A, TNF‐308G > A, LTA‐ 91A > C, LTA 252A > G and CARD15 nt1007. After adjusting by age and gender, individuals homozygous for the IL1B‐511T allele run a lower risk of CLL (OR = 0.1, 95% CI 0.0, 0.8, p = 0.032), while risk showed a 4.5‐fold increase associated with the genotype homozygous for the IL6‐174C allele (OR = 4.5; 95% CI 1.1, 19.3, p = 0.041). Individuals homozygous for the IL6‐174C allele and carrying the homozygous IL1B‐511C allele showed an 11‐fold increase in CLL risk (OR = 11.4, 95% CI 1.9, 69.4, p = 0.008). None of the other interleukin SNPs evaluated showed any association with CLL risk. Large multicentre pooled studies are warranted, achieving the statistical power required to confirm whether IL6 and IL1B gene polymorphisms might play a role in CLL development and prognosis, as well as the null associations herein reported. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.