bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased mRNA expression levels of ERCC1, OGG1 and RAIin colorectal adenomas and carcinomas
Authors: Sæbø Mona , Skjelbred Camilla Furu , Nexø Bjørn Andersen , Wallin Håkan , Hansteen Inger-Lise , Vogel Ulla , Kure Elin H 
Published: August 2006

Abstract

Background
The majority of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases develop through the adenoma-carcinoma pathway. If an increase in DNA repair expression is detected in both early adenomas and carcinomas it may indicate that low repair capacity in the normal mucosa is a risk factor for adenoma formation.

Methods
We have examined mRNA expression of two DNA repair genes, ERCC1 and OGG1 as well as the putative apoptosis controlling gene RAI, in normal tissues and lesions from 36 cases with adenomas (mild/moderat n = 21 and severe n = 15, dysplasia) and 9 with carcinomas.

Results
Comparing expression levels of ERCC1, OGG1 and RAI between normal tissue and all lesions combined yielded higher expression levels in lesions, 3.3-fold higher (P = 0.005), 5.6-fold higher(P < 3·10-5) and 7.7-fold higher (P = 0.0005), respectively. The levels of ERCC1, OGG1 and RAI expressions when comparing lesions, did not differ between adenomas and CRC cases, P = 0.836, P = 0.341 and P = 0.909, respectively. When comparing expression levels in normal tissue, the levels for OGG1 and RAI from CRC cases were significantly lower compared to the cases with adenomas, P = 0.012 and P = 0.011, respectively.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that increased expression of defense genes is an early event in the progression of colorectal adenomas to carcinomas.
Interoceptive hypersensitivity and interoceptive exposure in patients with panic disorder: specificity and effectiveness
Authors: Lee Kiyoe , Noda Yumiko , Nakano Yumi , Ogawa Sei , Kinoshita Yoshihiro , Funayama Tadashi , Furukawa Toshiaki A 
Published: August 2006

Abstract

Background
Interoceptive exposure has been validated as an effective component of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of panic disorder but has hitherto received little research attention. We examined the effectiveness of various interoceptive exposure exercises using the Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ) (Chambless et al., 1984).

Methods
We first performed an exploratory principal factor analysis of all the items contained in the BSQ to obtain meaningful dimensions of interoceptive fears. Next, we examined the correlations between each interoceptive exposure task's degree of similarity to panic attacks and each BSQ factor and then examined whether the BSQ factor scores decreased in comparison with the baseline values when the corresponding exposure tasks were successfully completed by the subjects.

Results
The factor analyses revealed four factors, which we named "pseudoneurological fears", "gastrointestinal fears", "cardiorespiratory fears" and "fears of dissociative feelings." Among the nine interoceptive exposure tasks, 'hyperventilation', 'shaking head', 'holding breath' and 'chest breathing' were considered to reproduce pseudoneurological symptoms, 'breathing through a straw' was considered to reproduce gastrointestinal symptoms, and 'spinning' was considered to reproduce both pseudoneurological and dissociative symptoms; none of the interoceptive exercises were found to reproduce cardiorespiratory symptoms. Among each group of patients for whom 'hyperventilation', 'holding breath', 'spinning' or 'chest breathing' was effective, a significant improvement in the BSQ pseudoneurological fears factor scores was observed. On the other hand, no significant difference between the baseline and endpoint values of the BSQ gastrointestinal fears or the BSQ fears of dissociative feelings factor scores were observed among the patients for whom 'spinning' or 'breathing through a straw' was effective.

Conclusion
Several interoceptive exposure tasks were particularly effective in reducing pseudoneurological fears. New interoceptive tasks, especially tasks related to cardiorespiratory and dissociative feelings, are needed.
Phagocytic response to fully controlled plural stimulation of antigens on macrophage using on-chip microcultivation system
Authors: Matsumura Kazunori , Orita Kazuki , Wakamoto Yuichi , Yasuda Kenji 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
To understand the control mechanism of innate immune response in macrophages, a series of phagocytic responses to plural stimulation of antigens on identical cells was observed. Two zymosan particles, which were used as antigens, were put on different surfaces of a macrophage using optical tweezers in an on-chip single-cell cultivation system, which maintains isolated conditions of each macrophage during their cultivation. When the two zymosan particles were attached to the macrophage simultaneously, the macrophage responded and phagocytosed both of the antigens simultaneously. In contrast, when the second antigen was attached to the surface after the first phagocytosis had started, the macrophage did not respond to the second stimulation during the first phagocytosis; the second phagocytosis started only after the first process had finished. These results indicate that (i) phagocytosis in a macrophage is not an independent process when there are plural stimulations; (ii) the response of the macrophage to the second stimulation is related to the time" delay from the first stimulation. Stimulations that occur at short time intervals resulted in simultaneous phagocytosis, while a second stimulation that is delayed long enough might be neglected until the completion of the first phagocytic process.
Leader (L) and L* proteins of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) and their regulation of the virus' biological activities
Authors: Takano-Maruyama Masumi , Ohara Yoshiro , Asakura Kunihiko , Okuwa Takako 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTheiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is divided into two subgroups on the basis of their different biological activities. GDVII subgroup strains produce fatal poliomyelitis in mice without virus persistence or demyelination. In contrast, TO subgroup strains induce demyelinating disease with virus persistence in the spinal cords of weanling mice. Two proteins, whose open reading frames are located in the N-terminus of the polyprotein, recently have been reported to be important for TMEV biological activities. One is leader (L) protein and is processed from the most N-terminus of the polyprotein; its function is still unknown. Although the homology of capsid proteins between DA (a representative strain of TO subgroup) and GDVII strains is over 94% at the amino acid level, that of L shows only 85%. Therefore, L is thought to be a key protein for the subgroup-specific biological activities of TMEV. Various studies have demonstrated that L plays important roles in the escape of virus from host immune defenses in the early stage of infection. The second protein is a 17–18 kDa protein, L*, which is synthesized out-of-frame with the polyprotein. Only TO subgroup strains produce L* since GDVII subgroup strains have an ACG rather than AUG at the initiation site and therefore do not synthesize L*. 'Loss and gain of function' experiments demonstrate that L* is essential for virus growth in macrophages, a target cell for TMEV persistence. L* also has been demonstrated to be necessary for TMEV persistence and demyelination. Further analysis of L and L* will help elucidate the pathomechanism(s) of TMEV-induced demyelinating disease.
No advantage of laser-assisted over conventional intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a randomized controlled trial [NCT00114725]
Authors: Richter Kevin S , Davis Alana , Carter Jennifer , Greenhouse Stephen J , Mottla Gilbert L , Tucker Michael J 
Published: August 2006

Abstract

Background

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a component of infertility treatment often employed when conventional in vitro fertilization is unlikely to be successful. Despite good clinical results with ICSI, the procedure is typically associated with degeneration of a significant percentage (approximately 10%) of the treated oocytes. The cause of this degeneration remains unclear. Speculation that damage caused by oocyte compression during the injection procedure may be responsible has led to the development of a novel technique known as laser-assisted ICSI. This procedure involves drilling a small hole through the zona pellucida with a laser prior to sperm injection. Preliminary studies have suggested that laser-assisted ICSI may dramatically reduce oocyte degeneration rates. The objective of this study was to examine whether the reported benefits of laser-assisted ICSI could be verified on a larger, less-selected group of patients.

Methods

Oocytes retrieved from 59 patients scheduled for ICSI were randomly divided into equal treatment and control groups. Oocytes in the treatment group were inseminated by laser-assisted ICSI, while oocytes in the control group were inseminated by conventional ICSI. Outcome variables (oocyte fertilization and degeneration, embryo cell numbers and fragmentation on days 2 and 3, and compaction and blastocyst formation rates) were compared between treatment and control groups by paired-sample t-test. Subgroup analysis was performed according to zona pellucida and oolemma breakage patterns.

Results

No significant differences between treatment and control groups were observed for any of the measured outcome variables. However, fragile zonae pellucidae were associated with significantly poorer embryo quality, and fragile oolemmas that broke easily upon insertion of the injection needle were associated with a significantly higher oocyte degeneration rate. Nevertheless, there were also no between-treatment differences in clinical outcomes within these patient subpopulations.

Conclusion

Contrary to previous reports based on smaller sample sizes, the results of this study suggest that there is no benefit of laser-assisted ICSI, either for the general population of ICSI patients, or for patients prone to zona pellucida or oolemma fragility.
Associations of Early Growth and Adult Adiposity with Patterns of Salivary Cortisol in Adulthood
Authors: Power Chris , Li Leah , Hertzman Clyde 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Context: Early growth and obesity are associated with adult chronic disease. A suspected mediator is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and cortisol regulation. Our prior hypothesis was that cortisol levels are affected by anthropometry at several life stages.
Objective: The objective of the study was to assess whether prenatal and postnatal growth and adiposity are associated with adult cortisol levels, and whether early growth and adiposity are related to later cortisol through adult body size.
Design: Weight, head circumference (birth), height, and body mass index (BMI) (7 yr); and height, BMI (33 yr), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) (45 yr) were measured in the 1958 British birth cohort.
Setting: All study subjects were born in England, Scotland, and Wales in 1 wk in March 1958.
Participants: A total of 6,470 participants with salivary cortisol were gathered from 12,069 invitees (54%) at 45 yr.
Main Outcome Measures: Two saliva samples on 1 d were collected: 45 min postwaking (t1) and 3 h later (t2). Three cortisol outcomes were measured: t1 level, area-under-curve, and abnormal t1–t2 pattern.
Results: WHR was associated with all cortisol measures: among men over the WHR range 0.81–1.05, t1 cortisol decreased by approximately 3 nmol/liter, and the risk of an abnormal t1–t2 pattern increased by 77%; for women, over the WHR range 0.69–0.93, the risk of an abnormal t1–t2 pattern increased by 74%. For childhood measures, among males, increasing 7-yr BMI was associated with decreased t1 cortisol and increased risk of an abnormal t1–t2 pattern. Poorer prenatal growth in women, and postnatal growth in both sexes, was associated with increasing area-under-curve.
Conclusions: Smaller head circumference, shorter stature, lower BMI, and WHR are associated with higher cortisol levels.
Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) and Growth in Children Born after Assisted Reproduction
Authors: Mau Kai Claudia , Main Katharina M. , Nyboe Andersen Anders , Loft Anne , Chellakooty Marla , Skakkebæk Niels E. , Juul Anders 
Published: August 2006

AbstractContext: Concern has been raised about the safety of assisted reproduction techniques for the offspring.Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate postnatal growth and growth factors in children born after intra-cytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF).Design: The study had two cohorts: a population-based longitudinal infant cohort 0–36 months [236 ICSI, 173 IVF, 1530 naturally conceived (NC)], and a cross-sectional child cohort at 5 yr (68 ICSI, 67 IVF, 70 NC).Intervention: Anthropometrical measurements were made at birth, 3, 18, 36 (infant cohort), and 60 months (child cohort), and blood samples were collected at 3 or 60 months.Main Outcome Measures: Serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3, height, weight, head and abdominal circumference, body mass index, and fat folds were the main outcome measures.Results: Anthropometrical measurements showed no significant differences between ICSI and IVF children and controls in either cohort. However, singleton ICSI girls [3.4 (0.6) kg, P = 0.008] had a slightly lower birth weight than IVF [3.5 (0.5) kg] and NC girls [3.5 (0.5) kg]. Birth weights of singleton boys [3.6 (0.5) kg], twin boys [2.6 (0.6) kg], and twin girls [2.4 (0.5) kg] did not differ between types of conception. In the infant cohort in 3-month-old singletons, serum IGF-I was lower in ICSI [78 (26) ng/ml] than NC boys [94 (27) ng/ml, P &lt; 0.001] and IVF [74 (34) ng/ml], compared with NC girls [93 (43) ng/ml, P = 0.011]. ICSI children were also smaller than their target height (sd score) at 3 yr of age [mean −0.91 (1.2)], compared with NC children [−0.61 (0.9), P = 0.033]. In the child cohort, target height attainment (sd score) and growth factors did not differ among the three groups.Conclusions: The overall growth pattern of ICSI and IVF children in both cohorts was normal. Our findings of subtle differences in target height attainment and serum IGF-I levels between infants born after assisted reproduction techniques and controls may not be clinically significant. However, these observations indicate that further systematic follow-up of growth and puberty in these children is needed.
Divergent Phenotype of Two Siblings Human Leukocyte Antigen Identical, Affected by Nonclassical and Classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Caused by 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Porzio O. , Cunsolo V. , Malaponti M. , De Nisco E. , Acquafredda A. , Cavallo L. , Andreani M. , Giardina E. , Testi M. , Cappa M. , Federici G. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Context: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders most often caused by enzyme 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Most mutations causing enzymatic deficiency are generated by recombinations between the active gene CYP21 and the pseudogene CYP21P. Only 1–2% of affected alleles result from spontaneous mutations. The phenotype of CAH varies greatly, usually classified as classical or nonclassical, depending on variable degree in 21-hydroxylase activity. Here we report a divergent phenotype of two human leukocyte antigen identical siblings, affected by nonclassical and classical CAH caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency due to different genotype.
Patients and Methods: Using direct sequencing method and Southern blot, we studied two children (one male and one female), affected, respectively, by nonclassical and classical CAH and their parents.
Results: The mother was heterozygous for the Q318X mutation, and the father was heterozygous for the V281L mutation. The brother was a compound heterozygote for the mutations V281L and Q318X, whereas the proband was compound heterozygote for the Q318X mutation and a large conversion. The two children are human leukocyte antigen identical (A*02;B*14;DRB1*01/A*33;B*14;DRB1*03).
Conclusions: Different phenotype of the proband is the result of compound heterozygosity for the maternal mutation Q318X and a de novo large conversion.
Solvational Behavior of Some Substituted Benzoic Acids in Ethanol–Water Mixtures at 298.15 K
Authors: Biswas P K , Lahiri S C , Dey B P 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The effect of substitution on the solubility and dissociation constants for the reaction

have been studied from the measurements of pH and solubilities of substituted benzoic acids in ethanol+water mixtures (0—100 wt%). The changes in the solubility values depend on the hydrophobic character and the dielectric constant of the solvent medium. The free energies of transfer for anions have been determined from the relation

using the previously determined values of ΔGt°(H+). The results are discussed in the light of solute-solvent interactions.
Catalytic Behaviors of the Heteropolytungstolanthanate (LnW10, Ln: Cerium, Neodymium, and Samarium) Anion on the Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide and Cyclohexanol Oxidation with H2O2 in a Homogeneous System
Authors: Shiozaki Ryuji , Goto Hideya , Kera Yoshiya 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
In the presence of the heteropolytungstolanthanate anion (Ce(IV)W10O36−8, Nd(III)W10O36−9, and Sm(III)W10O36−9; LnW10) the kinetic behaviors of hydrogen peroxide decomposition and cyclohexanol oxidation with H2O2 were investigated. In CeW10 the H2O2 decomposition rate tended to reach almost a limited value with increasing H2O2 concentration, while in NdW10 and SmW10 it decreased considerably after reaching the maximum value in high H2O2. The kinetic behavior of LnW10 was reasonably explained by a reaction scheme in which an intermediate species is initially formed (IS1) and then reacts further with H2O2 molecules to change the inactive species and, thus, to be removed from the catalytic cycle. Cyclohexanol was selectively oxidized with H2O2 to cyclohexanone according to the reaction order 0.6—0.8 on the H2O2 concentration until the high H2O2 region in the presence of all LnW10. The Arrhenius law concerning the overall rates of both reactions of H2O2 decomposition and cyclohexanol oxidation was maintained in any LnW10; further, a good compensation effect between the Arrhenius parameters, preexponential factor (log V0) and apparent activation energy (Eap), was found for both reactions in the series of LnW10. However, the empirical points concerning the log V0 vs. Eap plot in the oxidation alined in an inverse manner to those in H2O2 decomposition; that is, the order is CeW10 &lt; SmW10 &lt; NdW10 in the former and NdW10 &lt; SmW10 &lt; CeW10 in the latter. From this finding, both reactions were suggested to proceed via a common-intermediate species. Furthermore, it was elucidated that the more stable is the species, the more favorably are the alcohol molecules activated to the final products in the oxidation reaction.
Formation of Reversed Micelles and W/O Microemulsions of Butyldodecyldimethylammonium Bromide in Chlorobenzene
Authors: Kawai Takeshi , Hamada Kaoru , Kon-No Kijiro 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The limiting amounts of water solubilized by butyldodecyldimethylammonium bromide (BDDAB) in chlorobenzene increased rapidly at 0.01 mol kg−1 surfactant concentration at 30 °C. Using 1H NMR, fluorescence, and near infrared spectroscopic techniques, the solubilized states of water in the region obtained above 0.01 mol kg−1 were examined as a function of Rw ( = [H2O]/[BDDAB]) at various concentrations of surfactant. It was found from these spectral features that three types of water exist in varying proportions in the interior of reversed micelles, i.e., below Rw = 4 water is bound directly to the ionic head groups of the surfactant, in the range of Rw = 4—10 the succeeded water is held together with the hydrated ionic groups by hydrogen bonds, and above Rw = 10 bulk-like water is built up. These types of water could be discussed in connection with the formation of reversed and swollen micelles or W/O microemulsions. Further, the minimum Rw required for the formation of swollen micelles and W/O microemulsion and the critical swollen micelles or W/O microemulsion concentration could be estimated.
Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of the Binding of Monoanionic and Dianionic Ligands to Bovine Serum Albumin
Authors: Murakami Kiyofumi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The binding of monoanionic azo dyes (4-(2-hydroxy-1-naphtylazo)benzenesulfonate (Orange II) and 6-hydroxy-5-phenylazo-2-naphthalenesulfonate (Ponceau 4G)) and dianionic one (6-hydroxy-5-(4-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthalenesulfonate (Sunset Yellow FCF)) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH = 7.0 and 25 °C has been studied by equilibrium dialysis, spectrophotometry, and a temperature-jump method. The binding parameters for the monoanionic dyes were found to take quite similar values to each other. This shows that both of the dyes bind to BSA in essentially the same manner, irrespective of the difference in the position of the sulfonato group on the ligands. On the other hand, the data for the dianionic dye showed that the secondary sites, observed for the monoanionic dyes, almost completely disappeared, while the number and the binding constant for the primary sites were comparable. Kinetic data concerning the BSA–Sunset Yellow FCF system were found to be consistent with a scheme in which a bimolecular binding is followed by two isomerizations of the complex at the primary site. All of the equilibrium and rate constants for the scheme have been determined. A comparison of the results to those for other ligands has shown that the bimolecular association rate constant successively decreases with an increase in the number of anionic charges on the ligands. In the case of monoanionic dyes, however, the number of observed relaxations showed a tendency to increase with an increase in the number of bound dyes on the secondary sites. On the basis of these results, the detailed binding mechanism is discussed from the view point of the relation between the specificity of ligand-binding and the number of charges on the ligand.
Oxygen-17 Magnetic Resonance Study of the Oxygen Exchange of Methyl- and Butylarsonic Acids and Dimethylarsinic Acid with Solvent Water
Authors: Okumura Akiko , Fushimi Midori , Yamamoto Masako 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The rates of the oxygen-exchange reactions of methyl- and butylarsonic acids and dimethylarsinic acid with solvent water were measured in the pH range below 6, and at temperatures between 50 and 90 °C, by using the 17O NMR line-broadening technique. For methylarsonic acid, the rate RMAA is expressed by the following rate law: RMAA = kh1[H+][H2A] + k1[H2A] + kh2[H+][H2A]2 + k2[H2A]2 + k3[H2A][HA−], where H2A and HA− designate CH3AsO3H2 and CH3AsO3H−, respectively. For butylarsonic acid, the rate law is expressed as: RBAA = kh1[H+][n–C4H9AsO3H2]. For dimethylarsinic acid, its conjugated acid is involved in the rate law as: RCAA = kh1′[(CH3)2AsO2H2+] + khh1′[H+][(CH3)2AsO2H2+]. The exchange rates of methyl- and butylarsonic acids and dimethylarsinic acid (50—90 °C) were analyzed in terms of the respective rate law to obtain the values of the rate constants involved in the rate laws. The activation parameters of these rate constants were obtained; for both the first- and second-order rate constants, the activation energies are characteristic of their small values (from 45 to 20 kJ mol−1), while the activation entropies have large negative values, which are found in the range between −92 and −145 J K−1 mol−1.