bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of copper toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae determined by microarray analysis
Authors: Yasokawa Daisuke , Murata Satomi , Kitagawa Emiko , Iwahashi Yumiko , Nakagawa Ryoji , Hashido Tazusa , Iwahashi Hitoshi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe effect of the heavy metal copper on the expression of a wide spectrum of genes was analyzed by using a DNA microarray. The gene expression profile of baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in a medium containing a sublethal concentration of cupric sulfate was compared with that of yeast grown in a normal medium. Among ∼6000 yeast ORFs, 143 ORFs were induced more than twofold to resist copper toxicity after exposure to copper. Copper metallothionein CUP1‐1 and CUP1‐2 were induced more than 20‐fold. Some genes related to sulfur metabolism and oxidative stress response were also up‐regulated. This DNA microarray analysis identified several molecular targets of copper toxicity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2008.
Fractionation of sunflower seed proteins
Authors: Baudet J. , Mossé J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFractionation of sunflower seed salt‐soluble proteins, which amount to nearly 80% of the total seed nitrogen, has been performed by a method we proposed in 1970 and which was confirmed by several others. Three varieties of seeds have been investigated: ‘Armavirec,’ ‘Peredovik’, and a pure strain. The occurrence of three groups of proteic fractions was confirmed. Their proportions, which fluctuate with varieties, are roughly: 20% for “light” (low molecular weight) albumins, 5–10% for “heavy albumins,” and 70–80% for globulins. The first group was isolated by Sephadex G‐50 chromatography from the other two, which were separated by dialysis. A second chromatography of these three groups on Sephadex G‐200 has been realized (with preliminarily calibrated columns for molecular weight evaluations). “Light” albumins appear as a rather homogeneous constituent with a molecular weight of 14,000 and an aminoacid composition showing high amounts of methionine, cystine, arginine and glutamine. “Heavy” albumins, which are still mixed with globulin fractions after dialysis, have a molecular weight of 48,000 and a very different aminoacid composition with a high level of lysine. Globulins are composed of at least four different fractions, two of which (M=12,000 and M=25,000) are presumably subunits of the other two and have significantly different aminoacid compositions.
The performic acid oxidation of linoleic acid
Authors: Olson Edwin S. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract and SummaryThe performic acid oxidation of linoleic acid has been shown to form 9,12‐dihydroxy‐trans‐10,11‐methylene‐heptadecanoic acid (I) after hydrolysis of the formate ester. A sequence of reactions led to the identification of dimethyl‐trans‐1,2‐cyclopropanedicarboxylate by gas liquid chromatography. Spectroscopic evidence is presented for thetrans geometry in I. Failure of the monoepoxide of linoleic acid to give the formate ester of I suggests the alternative that a homoallylic carbonium ion is formed directly upon attack of the peroxide reagent.
Volatile components from triolein heated in air
Authors: Selke E. , Rohwedder W. K. , Dutton H. J. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract and SummaryIn a continuing study to identify volatile odor constituents and their precursors from heated soybean oil, the following model triglycerides were heated to 192 C in air for 10 min: (a) pure triolein, (b) a mixture of triolein (25%)‐tristearin, and (c) a randomly esterified triglyceride composed of oleic (25%) and stearic acids. Each model system produced the same major compounds which were identified as heptane, octane, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, 2‐decenal, and 2‐undecenal. These seven compounds apparently are unique to the oxidation of the oleate fattyy acid in each triglyceride sample. Minor volatile compounds from oxidized triolein included saturated and unsaturated aldehydes andn‐hydrocarbons and saturated primary alcohols, methyl ketones, gamma lactones, and monobasic acids. Incorporation of stearic acid in the triglycerides noticeably increased the amounts of saturated minor compounds and the range of their carbon chain lengths. Decomposition products characteristic of the oxidation of stearate were apparent among decomposition products associated with the oxidation of oleate.
Mutation testing in UTP
Authors: Aichernig Bernhard K. , Jifeng He 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a theory of testing that integrates into Hoare and He’s Unifying Theory of Programming (UTP). We give test cases a denotational semantics by viewing them as specification predicates. This reformulation of test cases allows for relating test cases via refinement to specifications and programs. Having such a refinement order that integrates test cases, we develop a testing theory for fault-based testing.Fault-based testing uses test data designed to demonstrate the absence of a set of pre-specified faults. A well-known fault-based technique is mutation testing. In mutation testing, first, faults are injected into a program by altering (mutating) its source code. Then, test cases that can detect these errors are designed. The assumption is that other faults will be caught, too. In this paper, we apply the mutation technique to both, specifications and programs.Using our theory of testing, two new test case generation laws for detecting injected (anticipated) faults are presented: one is based on the semantic level of UTP design predicates, the other on the algebraic properties of a small programming language.
Simulated annual carbon fluxes of grassland ecosystems in extremely arid conditions
Authors: Zhang Na , Zhao Ying‐Shi , Yu Gui‐Rui 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn order to understand how changes in climate and land cover affect carbon cycles and structure and function of regional grassland ecosystems, we developed a grassland landscape productivity model, proposed an approach that combined both process‐based modeling and spatial analysis with field measurements, and provided an example of semiarid region in Inner Mongolia, China, in extremely arid conditions. The modeled monthly mean and total net primary productivity, and monthly and annual mean respiration rates for Leymus chinensis steppes during the growing seasons in 2002 were mostly within the normal varying ranges of measured values, or similar to the field measurements, conducted in the similarly arid conditions. And the modeled total net ecosystem productivity (NEP) for L. chinensis steppes and Stipa grandis steppes were both between the lower and the higher measurements or within modeled multi‐annual data by the other model. The modeled total NEP was 1.91 g C/m2/year over the entire study region. It indicated that if human disturbances were not considered, carbon budget over the entire study region during the growing seasons was nearly in balance or weak carbon sink even under extremely arid conditions. However, the modeled NEP spatially greatly varied not only over the entire study region (−48.28–52.09 g C/m2/year), but also among different land cover types. The modeled results also showed that there were obvious seasonal variations in carbon fluxes, mainly caused by leaf area index; and annual precipitation was the major limiting factor for the obvious spatial patterns of carbon fluxes from the east to the west. The modeled results also revealed the influence of extreme drought on carbon fluxes. The study provides an effective approach to derive useful information about carbon fluxes for different land cover types, and thus can instruct regional land‐use planning and resource management based on carbon storage conditions.
Assessing the quality of walking in adults with chronic pain: The development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of the Bath Assessment of Walking Inventory
Authors: Clarke Jane E. , Eccleston Christopher 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTWalking is fundamental to many activities that are detrimentally affected by chronic pain. When in pain, people adapt how they walk. This article reports the development of an observational rating scale for the assessment of the quality of walking in adults with chronic pain called the Bath Assessment of Walking Inventory. The BAWI was designed explicitly for clinical and research use. A review of the literature on movement assessment, and a professional focus group, yielded 36 items capturing specific characteristics of walking that were organised into 11 domains. Investigation into the psychometric properties reduced the final measure to 23 items in 8 domains that demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach 0.71) and adequate intra (Kappa 0.61–0.98) and inter‐rater reliability (Kappa 0.61–0.98). Validity was established in comparison with well‐used measures of functioning. Further independent study is required to develop this instrument. A robust measure of walking will enable accurate clinical assessment, and the investigation of psychosocial and biomechanical influences on walking quality, and of the communicative function of pain related movement.
The role of chronic infection in children with otitis media with effusion: Evidence for intracellular persistence of bacteria
Authors: Coates Harvey , Thornton Ruth , Langlands Jennifer , Filion Pierre , Anthony D. Keil , Vijayasekaran Shyan , Richmond Peter 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveDemonstrate mucosal bacterial infection in children with otitis media with effusion (OME).Study Design and SettingMiddle ear mucosal biopsies from 11 children with OME were examined for bacteria utilizing transmission electron microscopy. This was correlated with standard culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of middle ear effusions.ResultsGram‐positive coccal bacteria were demonstrated in middle ear mucosal epithelial cells of 4 of 11 (36%) children. Morphological appearance of bacteria and detection of pneumolysin DNA by PCR in middle ear fluid suggests a role for persistent intracellular infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae and other gram‐positive cocci in some cases of OME.ConclusionIntracellular bacterial infection of middle ear mucosal epithelial cells in children with OME may be an important mechanism for bacterial persistence, and contribute to inflammation and mucus production in the pathogenesis of this condition.SignificancePersistent intracellular infection is a novel paradigm for OME pathogenesis in children and may influence antibiotic effectiveness in treatment of this condition.© 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Spontaneous CSF leaks: A paradigm for definitive repair and management of intracranial hypertension
Authors: Woodworth Bradford A. , Prince Anthony , Chiu Alexander G. , Cohen Noam A. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Bolger William E. , Kennedy David W. , Palmer James N. 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveTo report our outcomes with the repair of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and to demonstrate how management of underlying intracranial hypertension improves outcomes.Study DesignRetrospective review of spontaneous CSF leaks treated at the University of Pennsylvania Health System from 1996 to 2006. Data collected included demographics, nature of presentation, body mass index (BMI), site of skull base defect, surgical approach, intracranial pressure, and clinical follow‐up.ResultsFifty‐six patients underwent repair of spontaneous CSF leaks. Eighty‐two percent (46 of 56) were obese (average BMI 36.2 kg/m2). Nine patients had multiple CSF leaks. Fifty‐four patients (96%) had associated encephaloceles. Fifty‐three CSF leaks (95%) were successfully repaired at first attempt (34 months of follow‐up). Intracranial pressures averaged 27 cm H2O. Patients were treated with acetazolamide or, in severe cases, with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.ConclusionsSpontaneous CSF leaks have the highest recurrence rate of any etiology. With treatment of underlying intracranial hypertension coupled with endoscopic repair, the success rate (95%) approaches that of other etiologies of CSF leaks.
Measurement of hearing aid outcome in the elderly: Comparison between young and old elderly
Authors: Chang Wei‐Hsiu , Tseng Hsueh‐Ching , Chao Ting‐Kuang , Hsu Chuan‐Jen , Liu Tien‐Chen 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveTo evaluate speech performance and subjective outcomes for older individuals who have hearing impairment and use digital hearing aids. The outcomes between young and old elderly users were compared.Study DesignProspective.Subjects and MethodsFifty‐nine patients with hearing loss fitted with digital hearing aids were included. They were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 32 subjects aged 65 to 80 years, whereas group B had 27 subjects older than 80 years. Speech performance and subjective outcomes were measured 4 months after fitting of hearing aids. Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly‐Screening Version (HHIE‐S), Client Oriented Scale of Improvement (COSI), satisfaction, and usage questionnaires were used as subjective assessments.ResultsImprovements in speech performance were not significantly different between these two groups. There were no statistical differences in terms of HHIE‐S score reduction, satisfaction rate, daily usage time, and COSI scores between both groups.ConclusionAge by itself is not a limiting factor for older patients with hearing impairment to benefit from digital hearing aids.
MRI analysis of the size and shape of the oropharynx in chronic whiplash
Authors: Elliott James , Cannata Emma , Christensen Eric , DeMaris Joel , Kummrow John , Manning Erin , Nielsen Elizabeth , Romero Tomas , Barnes Clifford , Jull Gwendolen 
Published: June 2008

ObectivesTo quantify differences in the size/shape of the oropharynx between female subjects with whiplash and controls.DesignRetrospective cohort.MethodsA total of 113 subjects (79 whiplash, 34 controls) were included. T1‐weighted MRI was used to measure 1) crosssectional area (CSA [mm2]) and 2) shape ratios for the oropharynx. Reliability data were established.ResultsWhiplash subjects had significantly smaller oropharynx CSAs (P < 0.001) and shape ratios (P < 0.001) compared with healthy controls. Self‐reported levels of pain and disability and duration of symptoms were not associated with size and shape of the oropharynx in whiplash subjects (P = 0.75 and P = 0.99, respectively). Age and BMI did influence the size (P = 0.01) and shape of the oropharynx (P < 0.001) in the whiplash subjects, but only 20 to 30 percent of the variance could be explained by these factors.ConclusionSignificant difference in the size and shape of the oropharynx was noted in subjects with chronic whiplash compared with controls. Future studies are required to investigate the relationships between oropharynx morphometry and symptoms in patients with chronic whiplash.
Clinical and radiographic findings in children with spontaneous lymphatic malformation regression
Authors: Perkins Jonathan A. , Maniglia Claudia , Magit Anthony , Sidhu Manrita , Manning Scott C. , Chen Eunice Y. 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveEvaluate clinical and radiographic characteristics of spontaneously regressing lymphatic malformations (“lesions”).Subjects and MethodsRetrospective review of 104 consecutive patients with cervicofacial lesions, with 1‐year follow‐up. Data collected: patient's age; lesion stage, location, radiographic characteristics; treatment. Data analysis using descriptive and Fischer exact tests.ResultsSpontaneously regressing lesions were identified in 13 of 104 (12.5%) patients. Five of 13 had in utero lesions, which persisted at birth; presenting age in the remaining eight patients was 2 to 138 months. Lesions regressed within 2 to 7 months. Lesion stage: I (7 of 13), II (2 of 13), III (4 of 13). Lesion location: left neck (9 of 13), right neck (4 of 13), posterior neck (10 of 13). All 13 resolving lesions were macrocystic with fewer than five septations in 11 of 13. Comparison of a resolving lesion cohort with a nonresolving lesion cohort demonstrated that disappearing lesions are more likely to have fewer than five septae and to be macrocystic (P < 0.05). Treatment was none in seven of 13, antibiotics in four of 13, and redundant skin excision in two of 13.ConclusionSpontaneous lesion regression can occur, and these lesions have distinct features. Lesions with these characteristics can be observed.
Bilateral nasal polyps originating from the nasal septum: a case report
Authors: Akdogan M V , Aydin E , Ozgirgin O N 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIntroduction:All nasal polyps originate from the mucosa of the nasal cavity or the paranasal sinuses. Most polyps originate from contact areas of the uncinate process, the middle turbinate or the ethmoid infundibulum. Polyps originating from the mucosa of the nasal septum are rare.Case report:We present a 77-year-old man with nasal polyps originating from the superior aspect of the nasal septum. These lesions had the typical histological appearance of nasal polyps.Discussion:Nasal polyps are inflammatory growths of the nasal or paranasal mucosa. Nasal polyps commonly present clinically with nasal obstruction, sinusitis and anosmia. Most polyps originate from the lateral walls of the nasal passage. Isolated septal polyps are rare but can cause symptoms such as nasal obstruction and olfactory disorders.
Associations of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 with cognitive symptoms of depression: 12-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study
Authors: Gimeno D. , Kivimäki M. , Brunner E. J. , Elovainio M. , De Vogli R. , Steptoe A. , Kumari M. , Lowe G. D. O. , Rumley A. , Marmot M. G. , Ferrie J. E. 
Published: June 2008

BackgroundA lack of longitudinal studies has made it difficult to establish the direction of associations between circulating concentrations of low-grade chronic inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, and cognitive symptoms of depression. The present study sought to assess whether C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 predict cognitive symptoms of depression or whether these symptoms predict inflammatory markers.MethodIn a prospective occupational cohort study of British white-collar civil servants (the Whitehall II study), serum C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and cognitive symptoms of depression were measured at baseline in 1991–1993 and at follow-up in 2002–2004, an average follow-up of 11.8 years. Symptoms of depression were measured with four items describing cognitive symptoms of depression from the General Health Questionnaire. The number of participants varied between 3339 and 3070 (mean age 50 years, 30% women) depending on the analysis.ResultsBaseline C-reactive protein (β=0.046, p=0.004) and interleukin-6 (β=0.046, p=0.005) predicted cognitive symptoms of depression at follow-up, while baseline symptoms of depression did not predict inflammatory markers at follow-up. After full adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioural and biological risk factors, health conditions, medication use and baseline cognitive systems of depression, baseline C-reactive protein (β=0.038, p=0.036) and interleukin-6 (β=0.041, p=0.018) remained predictive of cognitive symptoms of depression at follow-up.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that inflammation precedes depression at least with regard to the cognitive symptoms of depression.
Ankle and hip strategies for balance recovery of a biped subjected to an impact
Authors: Nenchev Dragomir N. , Nishio Akinori 
Published: June 2008

SUMMARYA humanoid robot should be able to keep balance even in the presence of disturbing forces. Studies of human body reaction patterns to sudden external forces (impacts) are useful for developing balance control strategies. In this paper, we show how to implement two such reaction patterns, called ankle and hip strategy, using a small humanoid robot. Simple dynamical models in the sagittal plane are employed. The decision for invoking one of the reaction patterns is based on acceleration data measured during the impact. The experiments confirm that the robot is able to react swiftly, similar to a human.
Gas distribution mapping of multiple odour sources using a mobile robot
Authors: Loutfi Amy , Coradeschi Silvia , Lilienthal Achim J. , Gonzalez Javier 
Published: June 2008

SUMMARYMobile olfactory robots can be used in a number of relevant application areas where a better understanding of a gas distribution is needed, such as environmental monitoring and safety and security related fields. In this paper, we present a method to integrate the classification of odours together with gas distribution mapping. The resulting odour map is then correlated with the spatial information collected from a laser range scanner to form a combined map. Experiments are performed using a mobile robot in large and unmodified indoor and outdoor environments. Multiple odour sources are used and are identified using only transient information from the gas sensor response. The resulting multi-level map can be used as a representation of the collected odour data.
Performance-based reactive navigation for non-holonomic mobile robots
Authors: Defoort Michael , Palos Jorge , Kokosy Annemarie , Floquet Thierry , Perruquetti Wilfrid 
Published: June 2008

SUMMARYThis paper presents an architecture for the navigation of an autonomous mobile robot evolving in environments with obstacles. Instead of addressing the motion planning and control problems in different contexts, these issues are described in connected modules with performance requirement considerations. The path planning problem is formulated as a constrained receding horizon planning problem and is solved in real time with an efficient computational method that combines non-linear control theory, B-spline basis function and non-linear programming. An integral sliding mode controller is used for trajectory tracking. The closed-loop stability of the tracking errors is guaranteed in spite of unknown disturbances. It is also shown that this strategy is particularly useful if integral sliding mode control is combined with other methods to further robustify against perturbations. The effectiveness, perfect performance of obstacle avoidance, real time and high robustness properties are demonstrated by experimental results.