bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bionomics of Mussidia nigrivenella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on three host plants
Authors: Sétamou M. , Schulthess F. , Bosque-Pérez N.A. , Poehling H-M. , Borgemeister C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLife table studies of Mussidia nigrivenella Ragonot, a pest of maize in Benin, showed that host plant species had a significant effect on larval survival and developmental time. The maximum percentage of larvae surviving was recorded on jackbean, Canavalia ensiformis (36%) and lowest on maize (18%). Mean developmental time for larvae was longest on maize (19.8 days) and shortest on jackbean (17.2 days). The number of eggs laid was highest for females from larvae fed on jackbean (x– = 176), followed by velvetbean, Mucuna pruriens(x– = 143), and lowest for females where larvae had fed on maize (x–= 127). Longevity of ovipositing females was higher on jackbean (5.4 days) than of those from any other host plants. According to the growth index and life table statistics, jackbean was the most suitable host plant, followed by velvetbean, and maize, the least suitable. Thus, jackbeans should be recommended for use in mass rearing programmes of M.nigrivenella, e.g. as a host for parasitoids in future biological control programmes. Because of the high suitability of jack- and velvetbeans for M.nigrivenella, planting of these increasingly important cover crops should be timed in such a manner that the emergence of female moths from mature pods does not coincide with maize plants in a suitable developmental stage for oviposition and development of young M. nigrivenella larvae.
Securing a nasopharyngeal airway
Authors: Bajaj Y , Gadepalli C , Knight L C 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjective:The nasopharyngeal airway is a simple airway adjunct used by various healthcare professionals. It is the least invasive method of safely managing upper airway obstruction. The objective of this report was to describe a rapid and very simple method of securing a nasopharyngeal airway in an agitated patient.Method:We describe a simple method of securing a nasopharyngeal airway, using safety pins and tapes.Result:This technique has been used by the authors in several emergency situations and has been found to be quick and effective.Conclusion:The nasopharyngeal airway is a simple piece of equipment that is cheap and easy to use. The technique described in this article is a simple, practical and effective method of securing a nasopharyngeal airway in an emergency situation.
Specialization and physician-ownership in the US hospital industry: beyond the moratorium
Authors: CAREY KATHLEEN , BURGESS, JR JAMES F. , YOUNG GARY J. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract:A moratorium in the US on referrals of Medicare and Medicaid patients to new cardiac, orthopedic, or surgical specialty hospitals by physician-investors was recently lifted, yet the considerable controversy stirred by this growing hospital organizational form continues. This paper calls attention to the peculiar trade-offs introduced by entry of these specialty hospitals, and highlights distinctions among their different types. New policy approaches should be open to the notion that all physician-owned specialty hospitals need not necessarily be regulated in the same way. And caution will be required not to compromise the capacity of community general hospitals to service more complex patients and to maintain the social safety net.
Curcumin: potential for hepatic fibrosis therapy?
Authors: O'Connell M A , Rushworth S A 
Published: November 2007

The beneficial antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory and antitumorigenic effects of curcumin have been well documented in relation to cancer and other chronic diseases. Recent evidence suggests that it may be of therapeutic interest in chronic liver disease. Hepatic fibrosis (scarring) occurs in advanced liver disease, where normal hepatic tissue is replaced with collagen‐rich extracellular matrix and, if left untreated, results in cirrhosis. Curcumin inhibits liver cirrhosis in a rodent model and exerts multiple biological effects in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which play a central role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. In response to liver injury, these cells proliferate producing pro‐inflammatory mediators and extracellular matrix. Curcumin induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation in HSCs. In addition, it inhibits extracellular matrix formation by enhancing HSC matrix metalloproteinase expression via PPARγ and suppressing connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression. In this issue, Chen and co‐workers propose that curcumin suppresses CTGF expression in HSC by inhibiting ERK and NF‐κB activation. These studies suggest that curcumin modulates several intracellular signalling pathways in HSC and may be of future interest in hepatic fibrosis therapy.British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 153, 403–405; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707580; published online 26 November 2007
Cysteinyl leukotrienes mediate the enhancing effects of indomethacin and aspirin on eosinophil production in murine bone marrow cultures
Authors: Elsas P X , Queto T , Mendonça‐Sales S C , Elsas M I G , Kanaoka Y , Lam B K 
Published: November 2007

Background:Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) suppresses, while indomethacin and aspirin enhance, eosinophil production in murine liquid bone‐marrow cultures. Because cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys‐LTs) enhance human eosinophil colony formation, we investigated whether the effects of indomethacin and aspirin on murine bone‐marrow were due to blockade of PGE2 production alone, or involved further promotion of cys‐LTs production/signalling.Experimental approach:BALB/c liquid bone‐marrow cultures were established with IL‐5, alone or associated with indomethacin, aspirin, or cys‐LTs. The effects of preventing cys‐LT production or signalling were assessed.Key results:Indomethacin and aspirin counteracted the suppression of eosinophil production by exogenous PGE2. LTD4, LTC4 and LTE4 enhanced IL‐5‐dependent eosinophil production and further counteracted the effect of exogenous PGE2. The 5‐lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor, MK886, a leukotriene synthesis inhibitor, zileuton, the CysLT1 receptor antagonists, MK571 and montelukast, or inactivation of the LTC4 synthase gene, abolished effects of indomethacin and aspirin. MK886 and zileuton were ineffective but MK571 and montelukast were effective, against LTD4. Indomethacin, aspirin and LTD4 failed to enhance eosinophil production in bone‐marrow from CysLT1 receptor‐deficient mice. Indomethacin, aspirin and LTD4 no longer counteracted the effects of exogenous PGE2 in the presence of MK571 and montelukast. MK886, MK571 and montelukast had no effect by themselves, or in association with PGE2.Conclusions and implications:Dependence on the FLAP/5‐lipoxygenase/LTC4 synthase pathway and receptor signalling shows that cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitors act here through endogenous cys‐LTs. While PGE2 does not act by suppressing cys‐LT production, cys‐LTs override PGE2 signalling. Eosinophil production is therefore coordinately regulated by both pathways.British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 153, 528–535; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707586; published online 26 November 2007
Burnout and its correlates among nursing staff: questionnaire survey
Authors: İlhan Mustafa N. , Durukan Elif , Taner Ender , Maral Işıl , Bumin Mehmet Ali 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTitle.  Burnout and its correlates among nursing staff: questionnaire survey Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to determine the burnout level and its correlates in nurses.Background.  Healthcare providers and especially nurses are generally considered a high risk group regarding work stress and burnout and this syndrome has been a major concern in the field of occupational health.Method.  The study was carried out at a university hospital in Turkey during May–June 2005. A total of 418 nurses from the 474 working at the hospital at the time (88·2%) answered a self‐administered questionnaire including the Maslach Burnout Inventory.Findings.  All the nurses were female, with a mean age of 30·6 (5·4) and a median age of 29 years. The mean score was 17·99(6·35) for the Emotional Exhaustion subscale, 5·72 (3·87) for the Depersonalization subscale and 19·83 (4·66) for the Personal Accomplishment subscale. Emotional Exhaustion decreased with increasing age (P < 0·05). Total time in the job, weekly working hours, shift‐working and the unit where employed influenced burnout scores (P < 0·05). Not being happy with relations with superiors, not finding the job suitable, feeling anxious about the future, perceived poor health, problems with personal life and financial difficulties were also factors influencing burnout scale scores (P < 0·05).Conclusion.  It is necessary to consider nurses having the characteristics shown as the correlates of burnout in this study as a target group, to screen periodically the burnout status and improve their working conditions, especially relationships with colleagues.
Effects of Channel and Crystalline Orientations on the Electron Mobility in MOSFETs Fabricated on (114) and (5 5 12)-Silicon Substrates
Authors: De la Hidalga-W F. Javier , Rosales-Q Pedro , Torres-J Alfonso , Calleja-A Wilfrido , Gutierrez-D Edmundo , Kendall Don L. 
Published: November 2007

This work reports the measurement of the electron mobility in the inversion layer of MOSFETs fabricated on Si(114) and Si(5 5 12), for medium and high effective transverse electric fields, Eeff. We studied the channel mobility in these surfaces as a function of the channel direction [1-4]. Results reveal the	strong influence on electron mobility of the channel direction	on high-index surfaces. It was noted that mobility on high index-surfaces is degraded when the channel direction goes far away from , but it is less affected when the channel runs	parallel to this direction. Even though Si(0 0 1) has been the	surface with the highest electron mobility reported, we found that mobility on Si(1 1 4) is higher than that on Si(0 0 1) when Eeff {greater than or equal to} 0.4 MV/cm.
Improvement of Battery Performance by Surface Modification of Crystalline Solid Electrolyte for All Solid-State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Kishida Kyosuke , Wada Naoyuki , Yamaguchi Yuji , Tanaka Katsushi , Inui Haruyuki , Iriyama Yasutoshi , Ogumi Zempachi 
Published: November 2007

Four different types of lithium lanthanum titanate (LLT)/LiCoO2 assemblies were produced by depositing the LiCoO2 cathode on polycrystalline LLT with various surface finishes, in order to investigate effects of the LLT/LiCoO2 interface	structure on the electrochemical properties of the assemblies. The potential separations between the anodic and cathodic peaks in the cyclic voltammograms vary significantly with the surface finishes of the LLT. At the interface regions in the assemblies with good electrochemical performances, the formation of the amorphous LLT is confirmed. These preliminary results imply that the apparent interface resistivity can be lowered partly by the intentional formation of the amorphous LLT layer at the interface through the surface modification treatment of the LLT phase.
High Temperature Sodium - Zinc Chloride Batteries With Sodium Beta - Alumina Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Parthasarathy Preethy , Weber Neill , Virkar Anil V. 
Published: November 2007

High Temperature energy storage systems are widely explored due to the increasing need of storage systems in the electric utility industry. With the use of such systems, load leveling can be achieved. The energy storage system of interest here is based on Sodium - β	alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) with	liquid sodium as anode and molten ZnCl2 as cathode. BASE is an excellent sodium ion conductor with a very high conductivity at 300oC. The discharge reaction: 2Na + ZnCl2 à 2NaCl + Zn	OCV (350oC) = 2.4V Unlike sodium sulfur batteries, the volumetric power density of Na - ZnCl2 battery is higher due to the planar cell construction. If a cell fails, it develops a low resistance so that the other cells continue to deliver power in a normal manner. This paper will compare the Na - ZnCl2 batteries: planar design, construction and testing, with other high temperature storage batteries.
Electroanalysis of the Borohydride Ion
Authors: McLafferty Jason , Tokash Justin C. , Zhang Yancheng , Coulson Wendy , Macdonald Digby D. 
Published: November 2007

Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was studied as a quantitative analytical technique for determining the concentration of	borohydride ion in alkaline, aqueous solution. The advantages of using CV include relatively low cost, ease of implementation, and in situ, real-time monitoring of borohydride concentration.	In addition, a ten-cycle CV of	borohydride ion at a gold working electrode is presented. A	decrease in peak current is seen on repetitive cycling. Nonetheless, a linear relationship between peak current and concentration is seen for all ten cycles.
Buerger's Syndrome
Authors: Herman Bernard E. 
Published: November 2007

All cases diagnosed as Buerger's disease at The Mount Sinai Hospital from 1933-1963 have been reviewed. A large majority were found to have well- known vascular problems other than what we now consider as Buerger's disease. Only two specimens from 33 amputations had the characteristic histologic findings that Buerger described. It is suggested that the terminology Buerger's disease be replaced by Buerger's syndrome. In 1908, while at The Mount Sinai Hospital, Dr. Leo Buerger described a clinical entity with its histologic counterpart that soon became known as "Buerger's disease."1 The clinical picture was essentially that of arterial insufficiency, mainly in the lower extremities, in a young, Jewish, adult male who smoked. It was frequently associated with a migrating thrombophlebitis. The histologic picture was not as clearly defined but was stated to differ from arteriosclerosis in that (1) normal vessel was found proximal and distal to the lesion, (2) canalization of the occlusive lesion occurred, (3) capillary ingrowth was present in the media, and (4) there was an absence of elastic tissue in the organizing process. It should be noted that most of Buerger's specimens consisted of veins removed during an episode of acute thrombophlebitis. He specifically stated that only in the early stages of the disease, when phlebitis was the main finding, could the lesion be separated from the various stages of arteriosclerosis. In recent years, doubt has been cast on the existence of the clinical or pathological picture described by Buerger.2 Accordingly, it was thought advisable to review the case records and pathologic specimens of patients discharged from The Mount Sinai Hospital with the diagnosis of Buerger's disease over a recent 30-year period. This study is thought to be especially germane, since the bulk of Dr. Buerger's patients were treated at The Mount Sinai Hospital.
Intracardiac Sound as a Diagnostic Adjunct in Subaortic Stenosis
Authors: Stein Paul D. , Sabbah Hani N. , Anbe Daniel T. , Khaja Fareed , Folger Gordon M. 
Published: November 2007

The purpose of this investigation is to demonstrate the potential diagnostic value of intracardiac sound recordings in patients with subaortic stenosis. Intra cardiac pressure and sound were measured in 10 patients with various types of subaortic obstructions using a catheter-tip micromanometer. Seven patients had idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS), 2 had a subvalvular membrane, and 1 had a subvalvular tunnel. Within the left ventricular cavity, at the site of maximal systolic left ven tricular pressure, either there was no systolic murmur, or the murmur was of low intensity. However, within the outflow tract of the left ventricle, distal to the site of intraventricular obstruction, a prominent systolic murmur was de tected in all patients. This murmur was of higher intensity than the one mea sured distal to the aortic valve. In one patient, in whom no subvalvular obstruction was present, but in whom entrapment of the tip of the catheter occurred, no murmur was detected in the left ventricle even though a subvalvular pressure gradient was observed. Therefore it appears that a systolic murmur recorded with maximal intensity in the outflow tract of the left ventricle may be of substantial help in distinguish ing between an artifactual intraventricular pressure gradient, and one that re sults from intraventricular obstruction.
Systolic Time Intervals: A Valuable Parameter of Thyroid Function
Authors: Paulus Walter J. , Ranquin Ronald , Parizel Gaston 
Published: November 2007

Conventional systolic time interval measurements were made in 49 patients presenting with hypertyroidism, euthyroidism, or hypothyroidism. A linear correlation was observed over the entire range of thyroid function ( r = 0.75) between Δ PEP and the serum free T4 index. A linear correlation was also found between the PEP/LVET ratio and the serum free T4 index ( r = 0.70). A higher correlation was found between the PEP/LVET ratio and the serum free T4 index when plotted logarithmically ( r = 0.75). During treatment of hyperthyroidism, the PEP progressively lengthens and the PEP/LVET ratio increases, whereas during treatment of hypothyroidism the PEP shortens progressively to normal values while the PEP/LVET ratio diminishes. In amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism, both a prolonged PEP and an increased PEP/LVET ratio were found. These controversial measurements, suggesting a diminished cardiac contractility, may be explained by a worsened cardiac ischemia due to the development of hyperthyroidism. Systolic time interval measurements appear to be a valuable tool in the assessment of the cardiac response to thyroid hormone during both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
The Effects of Flunarizine, a New Calcium Antagonist, on Human Red Blood Cells in vitro
Authors: Scott Cynthia K. , Persico Francis J. , Carpenter Karen , Chasin Mark 
Published: November 2007

It has been postulated that flunarizine's ability to increase tissue perfusion may be due to either antivasoconstrictor activity, or its effects on red blood cell deformability, or both. In studies reported here, the ability of flunarizine to in fluence human red blood cell membranes has been demonstrated in a number of systems: (1) Calcium accumulation in the red blood cell is related to a loss of defor mability ; flunarizine inhibited 45Ca accumulation in red blood cells with an IC50 of 46 ± 7 μM. (2) Flunarizine caused a significant increase in deformabi lity, as measured by its ability to decrease ischemia-induced hyperviscosity. (3) Flunarizine had the ability to prevent the discoid-echinocyte transformation in duced by metabolic depletion in ischemic blood as a result of storage. These al terations in red blood cells can all be explained by the localization of one site of action of flunarizine in the membrane of red blood cells, resulting in an inhibi tion of calcium accumulation and maintenance of normal red blood cell defor mability.
A Preclinical Study ofEO-122, a New Lidocaine- Like Antiarrhythmic Drug
Authors: Oppenheimer Edna , Kaplinsky Eliezer , Kariv Naam , Bruckstein Rachel , Cohen Sasson 
Published: November 2007

The 2,6-dimethylanilide of quinuclidine-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (EO-122), a new structural analog of lidocaine, has been shown to possess po tent antiarrhythmic activity in experimentally induced arrhythmias in animals. Restoration of normal sinus rhythm and suppression of ouabain-induced ar rhythmia in cats and dogs, and of coronary occlusion-induced arrhythmia in dogs, followed a single IV injection of 1-3 mg/kg, with an onset of 2 minutes and a duration of 20-240 minutes. Occlusion-induced arrhythmia was likewise suppressed after an oral dose of 10-20 mg/kg, with an onset of 11-65 minutes and a duration of 25-120 minutes. Under similar conditions, lidocaine was ei ther totally ineffective or of ultra-short duration. The bioavailability of EO-122 by the oral route exceeded 80% of the oral dose. Therapeutic blood concentrations were in the range 0.5-7 μg/ml. At about 5μg/ml there was a slight depression of cardiac function in the anesthe tized cat, but not in the conscious dog. In cats, complete A-V block occurred at concentrations of 60-70 μg/ml. The IV LDso in mice was 22 mg/kg, and in rabbits 8.5 mg/kg. No overt signs of neurotoxicity could be observed at any dose of EO-122. The pharmacokinetic profile of the drug fits a two-com partment open model, with t½ ≃ 150 min and Vd (ss) ≃ 1.5 1/kg.
Controversies and Enigmas in Thrombophlebitis and Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Roberts H.J. 
Published: November 2007

Increased criticism concerning the alleged misdiagnosis and overdiagnosis of deep vein thrombophlebitis (DVT) in the lower extremities, and of pulmo nary embolism, is being leveled at clinicians when unequivocal documentation by venography, lung scanning, and pulmonary angiography is lacking. The ex cessive adoption of this attitude by audit and utilization committees could prove dangerous for patients with these conditions, particularly when rigid cri teria intimidate the physician and override his clinical judgment and experi ence. The matter assumes added importance in view of the increasing magni tude of DVT and pulmonary embolism. The following pertinent issues will be discussed: 1. Failure to consider DVT and pulmonary embolism in the appropriate clinical settings, especially when they are still minor and atypical. 2. Deficiencies in the physical examination. 3. Failure to recognize the inherent limitations of existing diagnostic meth ods. 4. The perpetuation of diagnostic bias and dogma by teachers and the liter ature. 5. Confusion introduced by coexisting disorders. The combination of these insights, greater confidence in clinical skills, and newer noninvasive diagnostic methods promise to help resolve this heated con troversy.
Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Acute Rupture of the Aortic Valve Due To Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Chia B.L. , Ee Bernard 
Published: November 2007

The M-mode echocardiographic findings seen in 5 patients with acute rupture of the aortic valve leaflets due to infective endocarditis are described. These findings embrace a wide spectrum of abnormalities seen in the aortic root in diastole and they are (1) fine, high frequency oscillating echoes, (2) thick oscillating bands of echoes, and (3) dense shaggy echoes loosely attached to the aortic valve leaflets. Three patients showed persistence of these aortic root echoes right up to the level of the left ventricular outflow tract. All 5 patients demonstrated early closure of the mitral valve and exaggerated motion of the interventricular septum and the posterior wall of the left ventricle. Two patients died from the illness and the remaining 3 had successful aortic valve replacement after appropriate antibiotic therapy. The aortic valve and the aortic root were carefully examined in all 5 patients either at necropsy or at operation. Two patients had leaflet perforation alone, whereas the remaining 3 had both leaflet perforations as well as vegetations. An attempt was made to correlate morphologic findings with the echocar diographic abnormalities. It is concluded that it is frequently difficult from abnormal echoes in the aortic root alone to differentiate between ruptured leaflets and vegetations. However, the presence of the combination of early closure of the mitral valve, exaggerated motion of the interventricular septum and the posterior wall of the left ventricle, together with abnormal aortic root echoes as described above should strongly suggest acute rupture of the aortic valve leaflets due to infective endocarditis, or in rare cases myxomatous degeneration of the aortic valve.