bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Pleistocene island weathering and precipitation in the Western Pacific Warm Pool
Authors: Yu Zhaojie , Ruan Jiaoyang , Song Lina , Yun Kyung-Sook , Tang Xiaojie , Colin Christophe , Wilson David J. , Dang Haowen , DiNezio Pedro N. , Chang Fengming , Pang Xiaolei , Bassinot Franck , Wan Shiming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeciphering past climate variability in the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP), the Earth’s largest heat and moisture centre, is vital for understanding the global climate system. Nevertheless, its long-term evolution remains controversial, largely due to ambiguities in existing proxy interpretations and discrepancies between records. Here, we present a weathering and erosion reconstruction from the WPWP spanning the last 140,000 years, based on the mineralogy and geochemistry of a sediment core from offshore of northern New Guinea. The paleo-weathering reconstruction is consistent with the simulated precipitation evolution on nearby islands, thereby suggesting a close coupling between climate variability and island weathering in a tropical setting. In addition, our combined data-model interpretation of WPWP climate history shows many similarities to the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) variability over orbital timescales. Overall, our study highlights the critical role of precession-paced interhemispheric energy redistribution, via the West Pacific meridional sea-surface pressure gradient, in linking orbital-scale WPWP climate and EASM variability.
A chromosome-level genome assembly for the amphibious plant Rorippa aquatica reveals its allotetraploid origin and mechanisms of heterophylly upon submergence
Authors: Sakamoto Tomoaki , Ikematsu Shuka , Nakayama Hokuto , Mandáková Terezie , Gohari Gholamreza , Sakamoto Takuya , Li Gaojie , Hou Hongwei , Matsunaga Sachihiro , Lysak Martin A. , Kimura Seisuke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe ability to respond to varying environments is crucial for sessile organisms such as plants. The amphibious plant Rorippa aquatica exhibits a striking type of phenotypic plasticity known as heterophylly, a phenomenon in which leaf form is altered in response to environmental factors. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of heterophylly are yet to be fully understood. To uncover the genetic basis and analyze the evolutionary processes driving heterophylly in R. aquatica, we assembled the chromosome-level genome of the species. Comparative chromosome painting and chromosomal genomics revealed that allopolyploidization and subsequent post-polyploid descending dysploidy occurred during the speciation of R. aquatica. Based on the obtained genomic data, the transcriptome analyses revealed that ethylene signaling plays a central role in regulating heterophylly under submerged conditions, with blue light signaling acting as an attenuator of ethylene signal. The assembled R. aquatica reference genome provides insights into the molecular mechanisms and evolution of heterophylly.
Longitudinal microstructural changes in 18 amygdala nuclei resonate with cortical circuits and phenomics
Authors: Ghanem Karam , Saltoun Karin , Suvrathan Aparna , Draganski Bogdan , Bzdok Danilo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe amygdala nuclei modulate distributed neural circuits that most likely evolved to respond to environmental threats and opportunities. So far, the specific role of unique amygdala nuclei in the context processing of salient environmental cues lacks adequate characterization across neural systems and over time. Here, we present amygdala nuclei morphometry and behavioral findings from longitudinal population data (>1400 subjects, age range 40-69 years, sampled 2-3 years apart): the UK Biobank offers exceptionally rich phenotyping along with brain morphology scans. This allows us to quantify how 18 microanatomical amygdala subregions undergo plastic changes in tandem with coupled neural systems and delineating their associated phenome-wide profiles. In the context of population change, the basal, lateral, accessory basal, and paralaminar nuclei change in lockstep with the prefrontal cortex, a region that subserves planning and decision-making. The central, medial and cortical nuclei are structurally coupled with the insular and anterior-cingulate nodes of the salience network, in addition to the MT/V5, basal ganglia, and putamen, areas proposed to represent internal bodily states and mediate attention to environmental cues. The central nucleus and anterior amygdaloid area are longitudinally tied with the inferior parietal lobule, known for a role in bodily awareness and social attention. These population-level amygdala-brain plasticity regimes in turn are linked with unique collections of phenotypes, ranging from social status and employment to sleep habits and risk taking. The obtained structural plasticity findings motivate hypotheses about the specific functions of distinct amygdala nuclei in humans.
Emergency policies are not enough to resolve Amazonia’s fire crises
Authors: Machado Manoela S. , Berenguer Erika , Brando Paulo M. , Alencar Ane , Oliveras Menor Imma , Barlow Jos , Malhi Yadvinder 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe fire crises in the Amazon continues to increase the risk of large-scale forest dieback, threatening regional biodiversity and global climate. This issue gained international attention in 2019 when fires in the Brazilian Amazon led to a fire ban imposition. Despite the uncertainty of its impact, the fire ban was reenacted in subsequent years. Here we assess the effectiveness of each fire ban by comparing observed fire counts with climate-driven predictions of fire for 2019–2021. While the 2019 ban likely reduced the number of fires to expected levels, it was largely ineffective in the years that followed. Four years later in 2023 under a different political dynamic, the Brazilian Amazon faced another fire crisis. Resolving this recurrent issue requires interventions that target the underlying causes of fire and extend beyond emergency measures, including long-term strategies focused on landscape management, public awareness and education, and engagement with local communities and stakeholders.
Dysfunctional natural killer cells can be reprogrammed to regain anti-tumor activity
Authors: Sabag Batel , Puthenveetil Abhishek , Levy Moria , Joseph Noah , Doniger Tirtza , Yaron Orly , Karako-Lampert Sarit , Lazar Itay , Awwad Fatima , Ashkenazi Shahar , Barda-Saad Mira 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are critical to the innate immune system, as they recognize antigens without prior sensitization, and contribute to the control and clearance of viral infections and cancer. However, a significant proportion of NK cells in mice and humans do not express classical inhibitory receptors during their education process and are rendered naturally “anergic”, i.e., exhibiting reduced effector functions. The molecular events leading to NK cell anergy as well as their relation to those underlying NK cell exhaustion that arises from overstimulation in chronic conditions, remain unknown. Here, we characterize the “anergic” phenotype and demonstrate functional, transcriptional, and phenotypic similarities to the “exhausted” state in tumor-infiltrating NK cells. Furthermore, we identify zinc finger transcription factor Egr2 and diacylglycerol kinase DGKα as common negative regulators controlling NK cell dysfunction. Finally, experiments in a 3D organotypic spheroid culture model and an in vivo tumor model suggest that a nanoparticle-based delivery platform can reprogram these dysfunctional natural killer cell populations in their native microenvironment. This approach may become clinically relevant for the development of novel anti-tumor immunotherapeutic strategies.
The torsion of stellar streams and the overall shape of galactic gravity’s source
Authors: Bariego-Quintana Adriana , Llanes-Estrada Felipe J. 
Published: April 2024

Context. Flat rotation curves, v(r), are naturally explained by elongated (prolate) dark matter (DM) distributions, and we have provided competitive fits to the SPARC database. To further probe the geometry of the halo, or the equivalent source of gravity in other formulations, one needs observables outside the galactic plane. Stellar streams, poetically analogous to airplane contrails, but caused by tidal dispersion of massive substructures such as satellite dwarf galaxies, would lie on their own plane (consistently with angular momentum conservation) should the DM-halo gravitational field be spherically symmetric. Tracks resembling entire orbits are seldom available because their periods are commensurable with Hubble time, with streams often presenting themselves as short segments.
Aims. Therefore, we aim to establish stellar stream torsion, a local observable that measures the deviation from planarity in differential curve geometry, as a diagnostic providing sensitivity to aspherical DM distributions and ensuring the use of even relatively short streams.
Methods. We performed small-scale simulations of tidally distorted star clusters to check that indeed a central force center produces negligible torsion, while distorted halos can generate it. Turning to observational data, we identified among the known streams those that are at the largest distance from the Galactic center, and that are likely not affected by the Magellanic clouds, as the most promising for the study, and by means of polynomial fits we extracted their differential torsion.
Results. We find that the torsion of the few known streams that should be sensitive to most of the Milky Way’s DM halo is much larger than expected for a central spherical bulb alone. This is consistent with the nonsphericity of the halo.
Conclusions. Future studies of stellar stream torsion with larger samples and further out of the galactic plane should be able to extract the ellipticity of the halo to see whether it is just a slight distortion of a spherical shape or whether it rather resembles a more elongated cigar.
Rezidivierende CD30-positive kutane lymphoproliferative Erkrankung
Authors: Kamenica Erdisa , Wesselmann Ulrich , Schmalz Oliver , Hofmann Silke C. 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie CD30-positiven primär kutanen lymphoproliferativen Erkrankungen stellen nach der Mycosis fungoides die zweithäufigste Form der kutanen T-Zell-Lymphome dar. Diese Gruppe umfasst die lymphomatoide Papulose (LyP), das primär kutane anaplastische großzellige Lymphom (pcALCL) und Borderline-Läsionen.Therapeutisch findet bei lokalisierten Läsionen eine topische oder intraläsionale Steroidgabe Anwendung.Bei disseminiertem Befund kommen u.a. Methotrexat, PUVA oder Brentuximab-Vedotin therapeutisch in Betracht.Wir stellen hier eine 60-jährige Patientin vor, deren Klinik die Heterogenität dieser Erkrankungen und einen wechselhaften Verlauf über nahezu 3 Jahre zeigt.
Parents’ financial socialization or socioeconomic characteristics: which has more influence on Gen-Z’s financial wellbeing?
Authors: Abdul Ghafoor Khalid , Akhtar Muhammad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research aims to explore the effectiveness of various approaches for promoting financial wellbeing among Gen-Z, with a particular focus on the parental role in shaping financial attitudes and behavior, using the theoretical lens of family financial socialization theory. The study utilized a mixed-methods approach to obtain in-depth findings on parental financial socialization and parental socioeconomic characteristics for Gen-Zs’ financial wellbeing. The qualitative findings revealed that parents use different strategies to financially socialize children by involving them in savings, financial decisions, and household and personal finances. Furthermore, it is found that parents are more inclined to teach daughters than sons about finances because of the expectations that females handle the household finances. Likewise, quantitative findings revealed that the father’s education level negatively influences Gen-Z’s financial attitude. This study strengthens the concept of family socialization and establishes a ground to explore potential mechanisms of action and implications for future research and practice.
Comparison of Mg-based liquid metal ion sources for scalable focused-ion-implantation doping of GaN
Authors: Titze Michael , Katzenmeyer Aaron , Frisone Sam , Ohlhausen James A. , Flores Anthony , Campbell DeAnna , Li Bingjun , Wang Yongqiang , Han Jung , Bielejec Edward S. , Goldman Rachel S. 
Published: April 2024

We compare the suitability of various magnesium-based liquid metal alloy ion sources (LMAISs) for scalable focused-ion-beam (FIB) implantation doping of GaN. We consider GaMg, MgSO4●7H2O, MgZn, AlMg, and AuMgSi alloys. Although issues of oxidation (GaMg), decomposition (MgSO4●7H2O), and excessive vapor pressure (MgZn and AlMg) were encountered, the AuMgSi alloy LMAIS operating in a Wien-filtered FIB column emits all Mg isotopes in singly and doubly charged ionization states. We discuss the operating conditions to achieve &lt;20 nm spot size Mg FIB implantation and present Mg depth profile data from time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. We also provide insight into implantation damage and recovery based on cathodoluminescence spectroscopy before and after rapid thermal processing. Prospects for incorporating the Mg LMAIS into high-power electronic device fabrication are also discussed.
A southern range extension for Sminthopsis macroura in Western Australia, at Eucla
Authors: Umbrello Linette S. , Beerkens Nathan , Keen Joshua , Schmidt Sylvie , Teale Roy J. , Travouillon Kenny J. , Westerman Michael , Baker Andrew M. 
Published: April 2024

The stripe-faced dunnart (Sminthopsis macroura) is one of the most widespread dasyurids in Australia, occurring mostly in semiarid and arid habitats. It is not known to inhabit coastal regions of southern Australia, and no records have previously been recorded from latitudes greater than 28.5°S in Western Australia. Following the capture of an individual south of the known species range provisionally identified based on external morphology as S. macroura, we used DNA and craniodental morphology to corroborate the specimen’s identification, providing a record of the species at Eucla, Western Australia. This represents a large range extension for S. macroura of 630 km from the nearest confirmed records of the species in Western Australia and South Australia.
Prejudice towards regional accents of Philippine English
Authors: Quinto Edward Jay M. , Ong Ardvin Kester S. , Yabut Gillianne U. , Muralla Gary Abraham M. , Valenzuela Ralph Anthony J. , Villariba Ydel Dominique C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examines linguistic prejudice towards the accents of three regional varieties of Philippine English: Cebuano English, Ilocano English, and Tagalog English. Data were collected using a verbal-guise technique taken by 982 listener-judges, who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Results showed an overall more favorable attitude towards Tagalog English. Cebuano English and Ilocano English speakers were judged as less socially attractive and less competent compared to their Tagalog English counterparts. In the multilingual Philippines, where languages in the periphery, i.e. languages other than English and Tagalog, face negative stereotypes, the results indicate potential linguistic prejudice towards accents that individuals view as deviating from the standard, i.e. the Tagalog English accent as ‘the’ standard of Philippine English. The findings are discussed in light of the ongoing observation of the development of Philippine English in the Schneiderian model of postcolonial Englishes.
Bilingual children’s online processing of relative clauses
Authors: Katsika Kalliopi , Lialiou Maria , Allen Shanley E. M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Long-distance dependencies such as relative clauses (RCs) are known to be vulnerable in heritage grammars (e.g.,
Montrul, 2008). Previous studies in RC comprehension have shown that heritage
language (HL) children show similar comprehension to monolingual children (Jia & Paradis,
2020), while differential performance has also been found (Kidd et al.,
2015). The present study investigates 11–13-year-old monolingual and German-dominant HL children’s real-time parsing
strategies in subject relative clause (SRC) and object relative clause (ORC) processing in Greek. We conducted a self-paced
listening task in Greek in which we manipulated the type of RC (subject vs. object), and the RC internal word order (canonical vs.
scrambled). Our analyses revealed no significant group differences between HL and monolingual children. Both groups of children
processed SRCs faster than ORCs on the critical RC verb segment. We also examined if case-marked pre-verbal NPs would facilitate
the processing of ORC structures. Although children processed pre-verbal faster than post-verbal NPs, ORC structures with
pre-verbal NPs received the lowest scores in the grammaticality judgment task. We discuss these findings on the grounds of
Relativized Minimality (Friedmann et al., 2009) and Fodor and Inoue’s (2000) Diagnosis and Repair Model.
Spatial covariation between infection levels and intermediate host densities in two trematode species
Authors: Hansen E.K. , Poulin R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBoth theoretical arguments and empirical evidence suggest that parasite transmission depends on host density. In helminths with complex life cycles, however, it is not clear which host, if any, is the most important. Here, the relationships between the abundance of metacercariae in second intermediate hosts, and the local density of both the first and second intermediate hosts of two trematode species, are investigated. Samples of the snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, the amphipod Paracalliope fluviatilis and the isopod Austridotea annectens were collected from ten stations in a New Zealand lake. In the trematode Coitocaecum parvum, neither the density of the snail first intermediate host nor that of the amphipod second intermediate host correlated with infection levels in amphipods. In contrast, in the trematode Microphallus, infection levels in isopod second intermediate hosts were positively associated with isopod density and negatively associated with the density of snail first intermediate hosts. These relationships are explained by a negative correlation between snail and isopod densities, mediated in part by their different use of macrophyte beds in the lake. Overall, the results suggest that, at least for Microphallus, local infection levels depend on local intermediate host densities.
NCRP commentary no. 33—recommendations for stratification of equipment use and radiation safety training for fluoroscopy
Authors: Miller Donald L , Balter Stephen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Commentary No. 33 ‘Recommendations for Stratification of Equipment Use and Radiation Safety Training for Fluoroscopy’ defines an evidence-based, radiation risk classification for fluoroscopically guided procedures (FGPs), provides radiation-related recommendations for the types of fluoroscopes suitable for each class of procedure, and indicates the extent and content of training that ought to be provided to different categories of facility staff who might enter a room where fluoroscopy is or may be performed. For FGP, radiation risk is defined by the type and likelihood of radiation hazards that could be incurred by a patient undergoing a FGP. The Commentary also defines six training groups of facility staff based on their role in the fluoroscopy room. The training groups are based on a combination of job descriptions and the procedures in which these individuals might be involved. The Commentary recommends the extent and content of training that should be provided to each of these training groups. It also provides recommendations on training formats, training frequency, and methods for demonstrating that the learner has acquired the necessary knowledge.
Comparison of lifetime mortality risk, incidence risk, and DALYs of baseline cancer rates among countries as a benchmark for radiation-related cancer risk
Authors: Hirouchi Jun , Kujiraoka Ikuo , Takahara Shogo , Takada Momo , Schneider Thierry , Kai Michiaki 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Statistical benchmark data are necessary when considering the basis for radiation protection criteria based on calculated risks. We herein focused on baseline mortality and incidence cancer rates as benchmark data collected from 33 countries. Furthermore, we calculated the lifetime mortality and incidence risks and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for all solid cancers, colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, and leukemia using the baseline cancer rates and compared them among the countries. The results showed that the lifetime mortality and incidence risks and DALYs for all solid cancers differed among the countries by a factor of 2–4 for males and 2–3 for females; these were low in less-developed countries. Our study proposed that health risk based on baseline cancer rates should be the benchmark for comparing radiation cancer risks.
Localized surface plasmon resonance and atomic force microscopy study of model lipid membranes and their interactions with amyloid and melatonin
Authors: Mei Nanqin , Liang Jingwen , McRae Danielle M , Leonenko Zoya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain. The toxicity of amyloid to neuronal cell surfaces arises from interactions between small intermediate aggregates, namely amyloid oligomers, and the cell membrane. The nature of these interactions changes with age and disease progression. In our previous work, we demonstrated that both membrane composition and nanoscale structure play crucial roles in amyloid toxicity, and that membrane models mimicking healthy neuron were less affected by amyloid than model membranes mimicking AD neuronal membranes. This understanding introduces the possibility of modifying membrane properties with membrane-active molecules, such as melatonin, to protect them from amyloid-induced damage. In this study, we employed atomic force microscopy and localized surface plasmon resonance to investigate the protective effects of melatonin. We utilized synthetic lipid membranes that mimic the neuronal cellular membrane at various stages of AD and explored their interactions with amyloid-β (1–42) in the presence of melatonin. Our findings reveal that the early diseased membrane model is particularly vulnerable to amyloid binding and subsequent damage. However, melatonin exerts its most potent protective effect on this early-stage membrane. These results suggest that melatonin could act at the membrane level to alleviate amyloid toxicity, offering the most protection during the initial stages of AD.