bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home care needs of extremely obese elderly European women
Authors: Sørbye L W , Schroll M , Finne-Soveri H , Jónnson P V , Ljunggren G , Topinkova E , Bernabei R ,   The AdHOC Project Research Group
Published: May 2007

Objective. To examine the health and needs of extremely obese women aged over 65 years receiving home care in Europe. Study design. A cross-sectional assessment study based on the Aged in Home Care (AdHOC) project recruited 2974 women aged 65 or over who were receiving home care at 11 sites in European countries. Extreme obesity was defined as 'Obesity of such a degree as to interfere with normal activities, including respiration'. Main outcome measures: Resident Assessment Instrument for Home Care (RAI-HC version 2.0); Activity of Daily Living Scale; Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Scale; the Minimum Data Set Cognitive Performance Scale; and a health profile. Results: One hundred and twenty women (4.0%) were extremely obese. They were younger than their thinner counterparts, with a median age of 78.3 versus 83.3 years, and they more often had multiple health complaints and needed more help with mobility outside the home. The extremely obese had received home care longer than the non-extremely obese (median 28.7 versus 36.6 months). Extremely obese women also needed more help with personal care than the other group and, due to lower age, they were less cognitively impaired. Conclusions: Extreme obesity is a problem that increasingly affects home care of elderly women.
Women's attitudes to hormone replacement therapy, alternative therapy and sexual health: a web-based survey
Authors: Cumming Grant P , Herald Julie , Moncur Rik , Currie Heather , Lee Amanda J 
Published: May 2007

Objective. To survey women's views on hormone replacement therapy (HRT), alternative therapies and sexual health using the Internet. Study design and main outcome measures. Three questionnaires were offered on a UK, patient-tailored, independent, clinician-led dedicated menopause website. They covered HRT, alternative therapies and sexual health. The anonymous responses of the users of the website were analysed. Results. There were 1026, 1072 and 1002 responses for the HRT, alternative therapies and sexual health questionnaires, respectively. On the first, 75% of respondents were in favour of HRT; 36% felt media reports of the risks of HRT had been exaggerated and 73% of women did not know enough about HRT to make informed choices. In relation to alternative therapies, 85% of respondents felt they did not know enough to make informed choices, 71% received no advice before starting an alternative therapy and 69% were unaware of possible interactions. Ninety-five per cent would try alternative therapies before HRT in the belief that they were more natural and 68% were prepared to pay more than £10 a month for such therapies. On the questionnaire on sexual health, 88% of respondents indicated that they believed an active sex life was important. Fifty-three per cent recorded that they experienced dyspareunia, but 51% of women hid their symptoms and 31% made excuses to avoid intercourse; 54% felt their confidence had been adversely affected. Only 20% had discussed their symptoms with health professionals and only 12% were using prescribed treatment. Conclusions. Online questionnaires are a useful means to obtain data. Our surveys raised several issues, including the observations that the majority of women said they did not know enough about HRT and alternative therapies to make informed choices. There appeared to be many women with vaginal symptoms who had not spoken with a health professional and therefore were untreated.
Empirical Equations for Sound Propagation in Different Sound Absorbent Materials
Authors: Fernández J. Alba , Soriano J. Ramis , Sanchis E. Juliá , Silla E. Escuder 
Published: May 2007

There are many different types of sound absorbent materials. Nowadays, some simple models are used to characterize these materials. These models are based on empirical equations obtained from measured data. The models are only valid for the studied materials. In the references there are different empirical models to predict the behaviour of some materials. In this investigation, a study of the behaviour of these simple models has been carried out, and some empirical equations for several sound absorbent materials have been proposed.
Vibration-assisted bone-graft compaction in impaction bone grafting of the femur
Authors: Bolland B. J. R. F. , New A. M. R. , Madabhushi S. P. G. , Oreffo R. O. C. , Dunlop D. G. 
Published: May 2007

The complications of impaction bone grafting in revision hip replacement includes fracture of the femur and subsidence of the prosthesis. In this in vitro study we aimed to investigate whether the use of vibration, combined with a perforated tamp during the compaction of morsellised allograft would reduce peak loads and hoop strains in the femur as a surrogate marker of the risk of fracture and whether it would also improve graft compaction and prosthetic stability. We found that the peak loads and hoop strains transmitted to the femoral cortex during graft compaction and subsidence of the stem in subsequent mechanical testing were reduced. This innovative technique has the potential to reduce the risk of intra-operative fracture and to improve graft compaction and therefore prosthetic stability.
Social Support, Self-Esteem, and Stress as Predictors of Adjustment to University Among First-Year Undergraduates
Authors: Friedlander Laura J , Reid Graham J , Shupak Naomi , Cribbie Robert 
Published: May 2007

The current study examined the joint effects of stress, social support, and self-esteem on adjustment to university. First-year undergraduate students (N = 115) were assessed during the first semester and again 10 weeks later, during the second semester of the academic year. Multiple regressions predicting adjustment to university from perceived social support (friends and family), self-esteem (academic, social, and global), and stress were conducted. From the fall to winter semesters, increased social support from friends, but not from family, predicted improved adjustment. Decreased stress predicted improved overall, academic, personal-emotional, and social adjustment. Increased global, academic, and social self-esteem predicted decreased depression and increased academic and social adjustment. Results are discussed with respect to potential mechanisms through which support and self-esteem may operate.
Perceptions of Risk and Sex-Specific Social Norms in Explaining Alcohol Consumption among College Students: Implications for Campus Interventions
Authors: Lewis Todd F 
Published: May 2007

The aim of this study was to expand the assessment of two explanatory models of drinking behavior—perceptions of risk and social norms—and determine their relationship to dimensions of alcohol involvement in a multivariate evaluation. The Alcohol and Drug Survey was administered to a sample (N = 235) of college students from a university in the Southeast. Results from the canonical correlation analysis revealed that perceived normative beliefs of closest friends of the same sex best explained dimensions of alcohol involvement. Perceptions of risk were associated with drinking involvement, although the direction of relationships was unexpectedly positive. Implications for campus interventions are discussed.
Social multipliers in sexual initiation decisions among U.S. high school students
Authors: Fletcher Jason M. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
In this article, I use a national sample of high school students to test for several types of social influences on the decision to have sexual intercourse. I find evidence of endogenous social interactions (social multipliers), where the propensity of an individual choosing to have sex varies with the average behavior in his or her school. Additionally, the magnitude of the social multipliers and several other interesting risk factors differ by gender and by race. These findings might help explain the large variation in sexual initiation across schools in the United States. These results also add to the debate over school vouchers and ability grouping because social multipliers imply changes in school-wide rates of sexual behavior with moderate changes in school-body composition. In this way, school vouchers and ability grouping might exacerbate the situation of high rates of teenage pregnancy and out-of-wedlock births in some communities. To show the potential benefits and costs of public policies that cause students to change schools, I present the results of several simulation exercises that predict the school-level changes in rates of sexual initiation following changes in school composition.
Elderly parent health and the migration decisions of adult children: Evidence from rural China
Authors: Giles John , Mu Ren 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRecent research has shown that participation in migrant labor markets has led to substantial increases in income for families in rural China. This article addresses the question of how participation is affected by elderly parent health. We find that younger adults are less likely to work as migrants when a parent is ill. Poor health of an elderly parent has less impact on the probability of employment as a migrant when an adult child has siblings who may be available to provide care. We also highlight the potential importance of including information on nonresident family members when studying how parent illness and elder care requirements influence the labor supply decisions of adult children.
The effects of maternal employment on child injuries and infectious disease
Authors: Gordon Rachel A. , Kaestner Robert , Korenman Sanders 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article presents estimates of effects of maternal paid work and nonmaternal child care on injuries and infectious disease for children aged 12 to 36 months. Mother-child fixed-effects estimates are obtained by using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care. Estimates indicate that maternal employment itself has no statistically significant adverse effects on the incidence of infectious disease and injury. However, greater time spent by children in center-based care is associated with increased rates of respiratory problems for children aged 12 to 36 months and increased rates of ear infections for children aged 12 to 24 months.
The phoenix population: Demographic crisis and rebound in Cambodia
Authors: Heuveline Patrick , Poch Bunnak 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The study of mortality crises provides an unusual and valuable perspective on the relationship between mortality and fertility changes, a relationship that has puzzled demographers for decades. In this article, we combine nationally representative survey and demographic-surveillance system data to study fertility trends around the time of the Khmer Rouge (KR) regime, under which 25% of the Cambodian population died. We present the first quantitative evidence to date that attests to a one-third decline of fertility during this regime, followed by a substantial “baby boom” after the fall of the KR. Further analyses reveal that the fertility rebound was produced not only by a two-year marriage bubble but also by a surge in marital fertility that remained for nearly a decade above its precrisis level. Our results illustrate the potential influence of mortality on fertility, which may be more difficult to identify for more gradual mortality declines. To the extent that until recently, Cambodian fertility appears to fit natural fertility patterns, our findings also reinforce recent qualifications about the meaning of this core paradigm of demographic analysis
As low birth weight babies grow, can well-educated parents buffer this adverse factor? A research note
Authors: Lin Ming-Jen , Liu Jin-Tan , Chou Shin-Yi 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
This research note combines two national Taiwanese data sets to investigate the relationships among low birth weight (LBW) babies, their parents’ educational levels, and their future academic outcomes. We find that LBW is negatively correlated with the probability of such children attending college at age 18; however, when both parents are college or high school graduates, such negative effects may be partially offset. We also show that discrimination against daughters occurs, but only for daughters who were LBW babies. Moreover, high parental education can buffer the LBW shock only among moderately LBW children (as compared with very LBW children) and full-term LBW children (as compared with preterm LBW children).
Strength of attachment: Survey coverage of people with tenuous ties to residences
Authors: Martin Elizabeth 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
This article draws on evidence from an exploratory survey of living situations to assess the validity of assumptions about residence and to offer methodological innovations to improve coverage of people with tenuous attachment to households. These innovations include more inclusive probes and questions used to compile the roster of household residents; a review of the places a person stayed the previous few months; and a Residential Attachment scale that measures strength of attachment to households. This scale shows that it takes more probing to list tenuously attached people than most surveys do, suggesting that tenuously attached people are likely to be omitted from the typical survey roster. The Residential Attachment scale is correlated with social and economic participation in households, suggesting that participation is fairly high even among those with tenuous or no residential attachment.
The demography of disability and the effects of immigrant history: Older Asians in the United States
Authors: Mutchler Jan E. , Prakash Archana , Burr Jeffrey A. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Using data from the 2000 U.S. census, we compare the older Asian population with U.S.-born, non-Hispanic whites with respect to three indicators of disability. Insofar as any Asian “advantage” in health vis-à-vis whites exists among the population aged 65 and over, our evidence suggests that it occurs primarily among the U.S.-born segments of this population. We also investigate how differences in disability levels among Asian immigrant groups are influenced by country of birth and by the combined effects of duration of residence in the United States and life cycle stage at entry. These results highlight the diversity of the older Asian population with respect to the ways in which immigration and origin history are linked to disability outcomes. We conclude that in later life, immigrant status confers few disability advantages among the Asian population in the United States.
Using age and spatial flow structures in the indirect estimation of migration streams
Authors: Raymer James , Rogers Andrei 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article outlines a formal model-based approach for inferring interregional age-specific migration streams in settings where such data are incomplete, inadequate, or unavailable. The estimation approach relies heavily on log-linear models, using them to impose some of the regularities exhibited by past age and spatial structures or to combine and borrow information drawn from other sources. The approach is illustrated using data from the 1990 and 2000 U.S. and Mexico censuses. nt]mis|This work was supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the National Science Foundation. The authors are grateful to Virgilio Partida Bush for providing the data on Mexico, to Rick Rogers for his comments and suggestions on an earlier draft of this article, and to the three anonymous reviewers who suggested useful revisions.
Child care availability and first-birth timing in Norway
Authors: Rindfuss Ronald R. , Guilkey David , Morgan S. Philip , Kravdal Øystein , Guzzo Karen Benjamin 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Both sociological and economic theories posit that widely available, high-quality, and affordable child care should have pronatalist effects. Yet to date, the empirical evidence has not consistently supported this hypothesis. We argue that this previous empirical work has been plagued by the inability to control for endogenous placement of day care centers and the possibility that people migrate to take advantage of the availability of child care facilities. Using Norwegian register data and a statistically defensible fixed-effects model, we find strong positive effects of day care availability on the transition to motherhood.
Race, military service, and marital timing: Evidence from the NLSY-79
Authors: Teachman Jay 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
I use data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Study of Youth to examine the relationship between military service and marital timing for white men and black men during the 1980s. I use information about active-duty and reserve-duty service as well as veteran status to implement strong controls for selectivity. I find that active-duty military service increases the probability of first marriage for both whites and blacks. In part, this relationship is due to positive selectivity into the military and, for whites, to greater income and economic stability. Above and beyond the effects of selectivity, income, and economic stability, the effect of active-duty military service is particularly strong for black men.
Immigration and living arrangements: Moving beyond economic need versus acculturation
Authors: Van Hook Jennifer , Glick Jennifer E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPrior research seeking to explain variation in extended family coresidence focused heavily on the potentially competing roles of cultural preferences and socioeconomic and demographic structural constraints. We focus on challenges associated with international immigration as an additional factor driving variation across groups. Using 2000 census data from Mexico and the United States, we compare the prevalence and age patterns of various types of extended family and non-kin living arrangements among Mexican-origin immigrants and nonimmigrants on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border. Additionally, we use the Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine the stability of extended family living arrangements among Mexican-origin immigrants and natives in the United States. We find that newly arrived immigrants to the United States display unique patterns in the composition and stability of their households relative to nonimmigrants in both Mexico and the United States. Recent immigrants are more likely to reside in an extended family or non-kin household, and among those living with relatives, recent immigrants are more likely to live with extended family from a similar generation (such as siblings and cousins). Further, these households experience high levels of turnover. The results suggest that the high levels of coresidence observed among recently arrived Mexican immigrants represent a departure from “traditional” household/family structures in Mexico and are related to the challenges associated with international migration.
Education of adult children and mortality of their elderly parents in Taiwan
Authors: Zimmer Zachary , Martin Linda G. , Ofstedal Mary Beth , Chuang Yi-Li 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn societies in which families are highly integrated, the education of family members may be linked to survival. Such may be the case in Taiwan, where there are large gaps in levels of education across generations and high levels of resource transfers between family members. This study employs 14 years of longitudinal data from Taiwan to examine the combined effects of the education of older adults and their adult children on the mortality outcomes of older adults. We use nested Gompertz hazard models to evaluate the importance of the education of an older adult and his or her highest-educated child after controlling for socioeconomic, demographic, and health characteristics at baseline. To gain further insight, we fit additional models based on the sample stratified by whether older adults report serious diseases at baseline. The results indicate that the educational levels of both older adults and children are associated with older adult mortality, but children’s education appears more important when we examine the mortality of only those older adults who already report a serious disease. This finding suggests that there may be different roles for education in the onset versus the progression of a health problem that may lead to death.
Bacterial Species in Subgingival Plaque and Oral Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Brennan Renee M. , Genco Robert J. , Wilding Gregory E. , Hovey Kathleen M. , Trevisan Maurizio , Wactawski‐Wende Jean 
Published: May 2007

Background: Oral bacteria are widely recognized in the etiology of periodontal disease. We investigated the prevalence of subgingival bacterial infection with eight species, tested associations between infection and oral bone loss, and assessed potential confounding factors and effect modifiers of those associations in a large community‐based cohort of postmenopausal women.Methods: A cross‐sectional study of oral health and osteoporosis in 1,256 postmenopausal women recruited from the Buffalo, New York Women's Health Initiative Observational Study was conducted. Standardized dental radiographs were used to measure alveolar crestal height (ACH). Subgingival plaque samples were taken, and the presence of eight bacterial species was assessed by indirect immunofluorescent microscopy in each participant.Results: The most prevalent infection was Streptococcus sanguis (59.5%), followed by Prevotella intermedia (43.4%), Tannerella forsythensis (37.9%), Capnocytophaga sp. (36.9%), Eubacterium saburreum (32.7%), Campylobacter rectus (17.4%), Porphyromonas gingivalis (15.1%), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (14.2%). Infections with P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, P. intermedia, and C. rectus were associated with an increased likelihood of having oral bone loss as measured by ACH, even after adjustment for age, smoking, and income. The body mass index (BMI) was a modifier of this association. Overweight women with T. forsythensis infection were more likely to have oral bone loss (OR = 3.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.08 to 5.46) than normal weight (OR = 1.27; 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.98) or obese (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.72 to 2.20) women with T. forsythensis infection.Conclusions: The prevalence of specific bacterial infections was determined for a large group of postmenopausal women. Those with infection were more likely to have oral bone loss. Further studies should investigate potential modifying effects of BMI and/or inflammatory factors.