bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of laser shock peening on fatigue life and surface characteristics of stainless steel cortical bone screws
Authors: O'Sullivan Christopher B. , Bertone Alicia L. , Litsky Alan S. , Robertson James T. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To investigate the effect of laser shock
peening on the fatigue life and surface characteristics
of 3.5-mm-diameter cortical bone screws.

Sample Population—32 stainless steel, 3.5-mm-diameter
cortical bone screws.

Procedure—Screws were randomly assigned to an
untreated control group or 2 power-density treatment
groups, 6 gigawatts (GW)/cm2 and 8.5 GW/cm2, for laser
shock peening. Number of cycles to failure and findings
on scanning electron microscopy-assisted morphometric
evaluation, including the mode of failure, surface
debris, surface damage, and thread deformation, were
compared between control and treated screws.

Results—The 6 GW/cm2 treated screws had a significant
(11%) improvement in fatigue life, compared
with untreated control screws. The 8.5 GW/cm2 treated
screws had a significant (20%) decrease in fatigue
life, compared with control screws. A mild but significant
increase in thread deformation was evident in all
treated screws, compared with control screws. The
8.5 GW/cm2 treated screws had significantly more
surface irregularities (elevations and pits), compared
with control or 6 GW/cm2 treated screws.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A modest positive
increase in fatigue strength was produced by this
design of laser shock peening on the midshaft of cortical
bone screws. High laser shock peening power densities
were detrimental, decreasing screw fatigue strength
probably resulting from structural damage. Greater
fatigue life of cortical bone screws can be generated
with laser shock peening and could reduce screw breakage
as a cause of implant failure; however, future studies
will be necessary to address biocompatibility, alternative
cleaning techniques, alterations in screw strength
and pullout characteristics, and effects on susceptibility
to corrosion. ( Am J Vet Res 2004;65:972–976)
Stability, antigenicity, and aggregation of Moraxella bovis cytolysin after purification and storage
Authors: George Lisle W. , Angelos John A. , Ruehl William W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives—To compare stability, antigenicity, and aggregation characteristics ofMoraxella boviscytolysins among isolates from geographically diverse areas.Study Population—8 isolates ofM bovis.Procedure—Filter-sterilized broth culture supernatants ofM boviswere concentrated, diafiltered, and chromatographed. The endotoxin and cytolysin activities in samples were measured. Chromatographed cytolysins ofM boviswere examined by immunoblotting. Hemolytic and leukotoxic activities were measured from samples collected at each step of purification and before and after storage. Hemolysis was measured directly by use of washed bovine erythrocyte targets. Leukotoxicity was measured by use of a51Cr release assay.Results—Cytolysin was retained by a filter with 100-kd nominal molecular weight limit. Hemolytic activity, leukotoxic activity, and endotoxin were eluted together in void volume of a gel-filtration column (molecular mass exclusion limit = 4 × 107d). Gel-column chromatographed diafiltered retentate had the greatest specific cytolytic activity and the highest endotoxinto- protein ratio. Frozen diafiltered retentate(–80°C, 4 months) was cytolytic after thawing. Immunoblots of gel-column chromatographed cytolysin contained 4 proteins with molecular masses between 90 and 68 kd. Fractions with high lytic activities also had additional protein bands with molecular masses of 98 and 63 kd. Immunoblots of gel-column chromatographed diafiltered retentate revealed proteins with molecular masses between 90 and 68 kd.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—DiafilteredM boviscytolysin is aggregated with endotoxin. Antigenicity and cytolytic activities in diafiltered retentate are conserved amongM bovisisolates. Diafiltration could be useful for bulk semipurification ofM boviscytolysin. Cytolysin-enriched vaccines ofM boviscould be contaminated by endotoxin. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:977–983)
Effects of dietary antioxidant supplementation before and after oral acetaminophen challenge in cats
Authors: Hill Ana S. , Rogers Quinton R. , O'Neill Sharron L. , Christopher Mary M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine effects of lipoic acid, vitamin E, and cysteine before and after oxidant challenge in cats.Animals—24 sexually intact adult cats.Procedure—Cats were allocated into 4 equal groups. For 25 weeks, group A was fed a control dry diet and groups B, C, and D received this diet supplemented with vitamin E (2,200 U/kg [dry matter basis {DMB}]) plus cysteine (9.5 g/kg [DMB]), lipoate (150 mg/kg [DMB]), or all 3 antioxidants together, respectively. Weights were measured every 3 days and venous blood obtained every 5 weeks for CBC; serum biochemical analyses; lymphocyte blastogenesis; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration; and concentrations of plasma protein carbonyl, 8-OH dguanosine, blood glutathione, plasma amino acid, lipoate, and dihydrolipoate. At 15 weeks, all cats received acetaminophen (9 mg/kg, PO, once), clinical effects were observed, and methemoglobin concentrations were measured.Results—Lymphocyte blastogenesis increased transiently in group C and D cats. After acetaminophen administration, all groups had transient increases in methemoglobin within 4 hours and mild, brief facial edema; group C had decreased glutathione concentration and increased 8-OH d-guanosine concentration versus controls; and protein carbonyl concentration increased least for group B. Plasma lipoate and dihydrolipoate concentrations peaked by week 10 for groups C and D.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Lipoate, vitamin E, and cysteine did not have synergistic effects. Lipoate supplementation (150 mg/kg [DMB]) did not act as an antioxidant but appeared to enhance oxidant effects of acetaminophen. Vitamin E plus cysteine had protective effects. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:196–204)
Effects of interferon-α on cytopathic changes and titers for feline herpesvirus-1 in primary cultures of feline corneal epithelial cells
Authors: Sandmeyer Lynne S. , Keller Charlotte B. , Bienzle Dorothee 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To assess the effect of interferon (IFN)-α
on viability of feline corneal epithelial cells, replication
of feline herpesvirus (FHV)-1, and virus-induced cytopathic
changes.

Sample Population—Healthy eyes from 10 recently
euthanatized cats.

Procedure—4 replicate primary cultures of feline
corneal epithelial cells were grown after the addition
of 102 to 106 IU of IFN-α/mL. Cultures were examined
every 24 hours for evidence of cytotoxic changes.
Viable cell counts and percentage of viable cells were
determined 48 hours after initiation of culture. In a
separate experiment, cultures of corneal cells were
inoculated with FHV-1 and cultured for 72 hours with
or without 105 IU of IFN-α/mL. The FHV-1–infected cultures
were evaluated for viral-induced cytopathic
effects, and viral titers were determined in samples of
culture supernatant.

Results—Interferon-α did not have cytotoxic effects
on corneal epithelial cells at concentrations ranging
from 102 to 106 IU of IFN-α/mL. Interferon-α at a concentration
of 105 IU/mL significantly reduced the cytopathic
changes and FHV-1 titers.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Lack of in
vitro cytotoxic effects and efficacy against FHV-1
infection in primary cultures of feline corneal cells
suggests that the in vivo therapeutic effect of IFN-α
should be assessed in controlled clinical trials. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:210–216)
Use of force plate analysis to compare the analgesic effects of intravenous administration of phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumine in horses with navicular syndrome
Authors: Erkert Ronald S. , MacAllister Charles G. , Payton Mark E. , Clarke Cyril R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To use force plate analysis to evaluate the analgesic efficacies of flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone administered IV at typical clinical doses in horses with navicular syndrome.Animals—12 horses with navicular syndrome that were otherwise clinically normal.Procedure—Horses received flunixin (1.1 mg/kg), phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg), or physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl; 1 mL/45 kg) solution administered IV once daily for 4 days with a 14-day washout period between treatments (3 treatments/horse). Before beginning treatment (baseline) and 6, 12, 24, and 30 hours after the fourth dose of each treatment, horses were evaluated by use of the American Association of Equine Practitioners lameness scoring system (half scores permitted) and peak vertical force of the forelimbs was measured via a force plate.Results—At 6, 12, and 24 hours after the fourth treatment, subjective lameness evaluations and force plate data indicated significant improvement in lameness from baseline values in horses treated with flunixin or phenylbutazone, compared with control horses; at those time points, the assessed variables in flunixin- or phenylbutazone-treated horses were not significantly different.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In horses with navicular syndrome treated once daily for 4 days, typical clinical doses of flunixin and phenylbutazone resulted in similar significant improvement in lameness at 6, 12, and 24 hours after the final dose, compared with findings in horses treated with saline solution. The effect of flunixin or phenylbutazone was maintained for at least 24 hours. Flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone appear to have similar analgesic effects in horses with navicular syndrome. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:284–288)
Cloning and expression of equine insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in normal equine tendon
Authors: Dahlgren Linda A. , Nixon Alan J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objectives—To define a portion of the nucleotide
sequences of each of the 6 insulin-like growth factor
(IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) in horses and describe
patterns of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein
expression for IGFBPs in normal equine tendons.

Animals—7 horses.

Procedure—Total RNA was extracted from the tensile
region of normal superficial digital flexor tendons
and reverse transcribed into complimentary DNA
(cDNA). The cDNA was amplified via PCR, and products
representing portions of each IGFBP were
cloned and sequenced. Nucleotide sequences were
used to deduce the amino acid sequences, and both
nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences were
compared with those published for bovine, human,
mouse, and ovine IGFBPs. Gene expression was
quantitated by real-time PCR assay, and protein
expression was evaluated by western ligand blot
(WLB).

Results—Clones ranged in size from 262 to 522 bp
and had high degrees of sequence homology with
other mammalian species. Sequence homology
was highest between bovine and equine IGFBPs
(86% to 95%) and amongst the IGFBP-5
sequences from the various species (92% to 95%).
Message for IGFBP-2 to -6, but not IGFBP-1, was
expressed in normal tendon. Protein expression for
IGFBP-2, -3, and -4 was detected by WLB in normal
tendon and markedly increased in damaged tendons.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results provide
basic information and tools needed for further
characterization of the role of the IGF system in tendon
healing and may lead to the ability to potentiate
the response of healing tendon to exogenous IGF-I via
concurrent manipulation of IGFBPs. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:300–306)
Incidence, risk factors, and heritability estimates of hind limb lameness caused by hip dysplasia in a birth cohort of Boxers
Authors: van Hagen Marjan A. E. , Ducro Bart J. , Broek Jan van den , Knol Bart W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine incidence, risk factors, and heritability estimates of hind limb lameness caused by hip dysplasia in a birth cohort of Boxers.Animals—1,733 Boxers from 325 litters.Procedure—Status of Boxers with respect to clinical signs of canine hip dysplasia (cCHD) was registered during an 8-year period. Survival analysis accounted for dogs lost to follow-up. Effective heritability for developing cCHD was estimated by use of a proportional hazard model on the basis of the Weibull distribution. Parametric survival models were developed to identify the influence of potential risk factors.Results—Cumulative hazard rate for cCHD from 7 weeks to 8 years of age was 8.5%. Dogs that were kept on a floor covered with a slippery material were 1.6 times as likely to develop cCHD, compared with dogs kept on a nonslippery floor. Risk of cCHD doubled in dogs from litters with a high preweaning mortality rate. Dogs that were neutered at 6 months prior to a diagnosis of CHD were 1.5 times as likely to develop cCHD, compared with sexually intact dogs. Dogs > 5 years of age were 1.8 times as likely to develop cCHD, compared with younger dogs. Estimated effective heritability of cCHD was 0.11. In terms of the risk of cCHD in progeny, mean estimated breeding value (EBV) of the 10 best and 10 worst sires was –0.32 and 0.42, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Registration of Boxers that develop cCHD may provide a strategy for disease prevention. In addition to diagnostic evaluation of radiographs, sire EBVs provide useful information for breeding selection decisions. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:307–312)
Evaluation of a radiographic caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte on the femoral neck and its relationship to degenerative joint disease and distraction index in dogs
Authors: Mayhew Philipp D. , McKelvie Pamela J. , Biery Darryl N. , Shofer Frances S. , Smith Gail K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine prevalence of a radiographic caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte (CCO) on the femoral neck in various breeds and age groups of dogs and to evaluate its contemporaneous relationship with degenerative joint disease (DJD) and distraction index (DI).Design—Cross-sectional prevalence study.Animals—25,968 dogs, including 3,729 German Shepherd Dogs, 4,545 Golden Retrievers, 6,277 Labrador Retrievers, and 1,191 Rottweilers.Procedure—Data from the University of Pennsylvania Hip Improvement Program database were analyzed, including ventrodorsal hip-extended, compression, and distraction radiographs. The CCO and radiographic signs of DJD were considered independent events and were interpreted as either present or absent. Statistical methods were used to evaluate the CCO as a possible risk factor for DJD and assess its association with DI, as measured by use of distraction radiography.Results—When all breeds were pooled, DJD was detected in 8.6% of dogs, and the CCO was detected in 21.6% of dogs. Among dogs with a CCO, 25.1% had radiographic evidence of DJD. Among dogs without a CCO, only 4% had DJD. Dogs with a CCO were 7.9 times as likely to have DJD as were those without a CCO. Additionally, DI, weight, and age were significant risk factors for the CCO.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results confirm the contemporaneous association between the CCO and DJD and that passive hip laxity, as measured by use of the DI, is associated with both the CCO and DJD. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:472–476)
Comparison of platelet count recovery with use of vincristine and prednisone or prednisone alone for treatment for severe immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in dogs
Authors: Rozanski Elizabeth A. , Callan Mary Beth , Hughes Dez , Sanders Nancy , Giger Urs 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effect of prednisone alone, compared with a combination of prednisone and vincristine, on platelet counts in bleeding dogs with severe primary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT).Design—Prospective case study.Animals—24 dogs with severe primary IMT.Procedure—All dogs received immunosuppressive doses of prednisone (1.5 to 2 mg/kg [0.7 to 0.9 mg/lb] of body weight, PO, q 12 h). In addition, 12 dogs received a single dose of vincristine (0.02 mg/kg [0.01 mg/lb], IV). Platelet count, transfusion requirement, and outcome were monitored. A response was defined as an increase in platelet count to ≥ 40,000/µl. Dogs in the prednisone group that failed to respond received 1 dose of vincristine on day 7.Results—Dogs that received prednisone and vincristine had a significantly faster increase in platelet count to ≥ 40,000/µl than dogs that received prednisone alone (mean ± SD, 4.9 ± 1.1 vs 6.8 ± 4.5 days, respectively). A similarly rapid response was observed in dogs that received vincristine on day 7 after treatment with prednisone alone failed. Furthermore, duration of hospitalization was reduced in the vincristine group, compared with the prednisone group (5.4 ± 0.3 vs 7.3 ± 0.5 days, respectively). No adverse effects attributable to vincristine were observed in any dog.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of combined vincristine and prednisone is associated with more rapid increase in platelet numbers and shortened duration of hospitalization in dogs with IMT, compared with use of prednisone alone. Early use of vincristine seems warranted in dogs with severe primary IMT. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002; 220:477–481)
Evaluation of equine breeding farm management and preventative health practices as risk factors for development of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals
Authors: Chaffin M. Keith , Cohen Noah D. , Martens Ronald J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether foal management practices, environmental management, and preventative health practices are risk factors for development ofRhodococcus equipneumonia in foals.Design—Prospective matched case-control study.Animals—2,764 foals on 64 equine breeding farms with 9,991 horses.Procedure—During 1997, participating veterinarians completed paired data collection forms for comparison; 1 for an affected farm (containing ≥ 1 foal with pneumonia caused byR equi)and 1 for a control farm. Information collected pertained to stabling facilities, environmental management, foal husbandry, and preventative equine health practices.Results—Matched farm data compared by use of conditional logistic regression indicated that personnel on affected farms were more likely to attend foal births, test foals for adequacy of passive immunity, administer plasma or other treatments to foals to supplement serum immunoglobulin concentrations, administer hyperimmune plasma prophylactically to foals, vaccinate mares and foals againstStreptococcus equiinfection, and use multiple anthelmintics in deworming programs. Affected farms were also more likely to have foals that developed other respiratory tract disorders and were approximately 4 times as likely to have dirt floors in stalls used for housing foals as were control farms.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Rhodococcus equipneumonia does not appear to be associated with poor farm management or a lack of attention to preventative health practices. Housing foals in stalls with dirt floors may increase the risk for development ofR equipneumonia. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003; 222:476–485)
Use of a combination of propofol and fentanyl, alfentanil, or sufentanil for total intravenous anesthesia in cats
Authors: Mendes Guilherme M. , Selmi André L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the cardiorespiratory effects of an IV infusion of propofol alone or in association with fentanyl, alfentanil, or sufentanil in cats and, for each combination, the minimal infusion rate of propofol that would inhibit a response to noxious stimuli.Design—Randomized crossover study.Animals—6 cats.Procedure—Cats were anesthetized 4 times in random order. After IV administration of fentanyl, alfentanil, sufentanil, or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, anesthesia was induced with propofol (7 mg/kg [3.2 mg/lb], IV) and maintained for 90 minutes with a continuous infusion of propofol in conjunction with fentanyl (0.1 µg/kg/min [0.045 µg/lb/min]), alfentanil (0.5 µg/kg/min [0.23 µg/lb/min]), sufentanil (0.01 µg/kg/min [0.004 µg/lb/min]), or saline solution (0.08 mL/kg/min [0.036 mL/lb/min]).Results—Minimal infusion rate of propofol required to prevent a response to a noxious stimulus was higher when cats received saline solution. After 70 minutes, minimal infusion rate of propofol was significantly higher with fentanyl than with sufentanil. Decreases in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, rectal temperature, and respiratory rate were detected with all treatments. Oxygen saturation did not change significantly, but end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide increased with all treatments. There were no significant differences in recovery times or sedation and recovery scores among treatments.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that infusion of propofol in combination with fentanyl, alfentanil, or sufentanil results in satisfactory anesthesia in cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:1608–1613)
Prevalence of shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in adult dairy cattle
Authors: Dunn John R. , Keen James E. , Thompson R. Alex 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe shiga-toxigenicEscherichia coliO157:H7 (STEC O157:H7) fecal shedding prevalence, seasonal fecal shedding patterns, and site-specific prevalence from the oral cavity, skin, and feces of dairy cattle.Design—Cross-sectional study.Animals—Adult dairy cattle from 13 herds in Louisiana.Procedure—Samples were cultured for STEC O157 by use of sensitive and specific techniques, including selective broth enrichment, immunomagnetic separation, monoclonal antibody-based O:H enzyme immunoassay serotyping, and polymerase chain reaction virulence gene characterization. Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for fecal shedding prevalence as well as site-specific prevalence from the oral cavity, skin, and feces. Logistic regression was used to assess seasonal variation and differences at various stages of lactation with respect to fecal shedding of STEC O157 in cattle sampled longitudinally.Results—Summer prevalence in herds (n = 13) was 38.5%, with a cow-level prevalence of 6.5%. Among positive herds, prevalence ranged from 3% to 34.6%. Samples from 3 of 5 herds sampled quarterly over 1 year yielded positive results for STEC O157. In herds with STEC O157, an increase in cow-level prevalence was detected during spring (13.3%) and summer (10.5%), compared with values for fall and winter. Site-specific prevalences of STEC O157:H7 from oral cavity, skin, and fecal samples were 0%, 0.7%, and 25.2%, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Our data indicated that STEC O157:H7 was commonly isolated from dairy cows in Louisiana, seasonally shed, and isolated from the skin surface but not the oral cavity of cows. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:1151–1158)