bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Promising Functional Food for Diabetes Prevention, Antioxidation, and Anti-inflammation of Green Coffee Bean Extract
Authors: Duangjai Acharaporn , Rawangkan Anchalee , Siriphap Achiraya , Kiddee Anong , Yosboonruang Noppadon , Yosboonruang Atchariya 
Published: March 2024

Functional foods and nutrition have become increasingly popular in preventing and reducing the incidence of diabetes. Green coffee bean extract (GCBE) has received much interest because of the evidence that coffee consumption reduces the risk of diabetes and many inflammatory diseases. This study was designed to investigate the phytochemicals contained in GCBE and their antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory efficacies. GCBE phytochemicals were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This analysis demonstrated that chlorogenic acid was the predominant component of GCBE, followed by caffeine and caffeic acid. The antioxidant capacity of GCBE was assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays, demonstrating significant scavenging capacity with IC50 values of 2.96 ± 1.04 and 7.63 ± 1.03 µg/mL, respectively. The anti-hyperlipidemic efficacy of GCBE was observed through inhibiting cholesterol absorption (by increasing micelle sizes and decreasing cholesterol solubility), lipid digestion, and pancreatic lipase activity in vitro. The investigations revealed that GCBE possessed anti-hyperlipidemic properties by inhibiting cholesterol absorption, lipid digestion, and pancreatic lipase activity. Specifically, GCBE increased micelle particle sizes by ~6.5-fold, decreased cholesterol solubility by 2-fold, and reduced pancreatic lipase activity by 25%. Additionally, the in vitroanti-hyperglycemic activity of GCBE was evaluated by inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase capacity. GCBE demonstrated anti-hyperglycemic activity by inhibiting α-amylase activity (32.80 ± 7.06% inhibition), while α-glucosidase activity remained unaffected. The anti-inflammatory potential of GCBE was evaluated by mRNA regulation using RT-PCR analysis. This analysis revealed that GCBE attenuated mRNA expression of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1b, and IL-6 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. GCBE’s antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-hyperglycemic efficacies and its molecular mechanisms in modulating the inflammation pathway found in the present study highlight its potential as a supplement in functional foods or beverages. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2024-05-01-08 Full Text: PDF
Gender lens review of adolescent health care services: a mixed methods study in Bangladesh
Authors: Haseen Fariha , Hedayet Hridi , Nazneen Shahana , Akter Nurjahan , Haney Umme , Chowdhury Md Sunyet Alam , Khan Md Saidur Rahman , Rahman AGM Mashuqur , Begum Nazma Siddika , Mahmud Mohd Shahdt Hossain , Islam Syed Shariful 
Published: March 2024

Background The application of a gender lens enables the identification of gendered power dynamics that are deeply embedded within structures and institutions. This study delved into a comprehensive analysis of gender norms of male and female adolescents in terms of their health needs, the type of health services offered to them, the barriers and facilitators for utilization of health services at the adolescent-friendly health services (AFHS) across different tiers of government health facilities through a gender lens. Methods The study was conducted at 23 health facilities across four districts of Bangladesh from February 2022 to June 2022. The study design was cross-sectional with a mixed methods approach. A total of 304 adolescents completed the survey, and 28 adolescents participated in in-depth interviews (IDI). Key-informant interviews (KII) were conducted with 48 key stakeholders, including parents, teachers, health service providers, facility managers, and health managers. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Adolescents have different needs for information about services, types of services provided, and use based on gender. There was a significant association between the marital status of adolescents and the need for different types of health services (P<0.05). Female adolescents receive tetanus-diphtheria (TD) vaccinations and iron folic acid (IFA) tablets, while male adolescents can receive them upon request. TD immunization is common among married female adolescents (14.9%) compared to unmarried female adolescents (11.8%) and unmarried male adolescents (1.1%). Unmarried female adolescents (36.1%) seek help more frequently for menstrual problems, while unmarried male adolescents (24%) are more likely to seek services related to puberty. Parents, teachers, and health service providers have different gendered perceptions of male and female adolescents’ health needs and use of health services. These perceptions contribute to understanding male and female adolescents’ utilization of services. Conclusions This study reveals that gender norms influence adolescents’ health needs, types, and utilization of services. This is probably due to differences in gendered perception of the critical stakeholders for adolescents, who sometimes face barriers in the utilization of health services at the facilities.
Comparison of Thermal and Mechanical Pain Testing Modalities in Sprague Dawley and Fischer 344 Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: McNew James F , Davis Daniel J , Grimsrud Kristin N , Bryda Elizabeth C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
While rodents are used extensively for studying pain, there is a lack of reported direct comparisons of thermal and mechani- cal pain testing methods in rats of different genetic backgrounds. Understanding the range of interindividual variability of withdrawal thresholds and thermal latencies based on these testing methods and/or genetic background is important for appropriate experimental design. Testing was performed in two common rat genetic backgrounds: outbred Sprague–Dawley (SD) and inbred Fischer 344 (F344). Male and female, 10- to 14-wk-old F344 and SD rats were used to assess withdrawal thresholds in 3 different modalities: the Randall-Selitto test (RST), Hargreaves test (HT), and tail flick test (TFT). The RST was performed by using an operator-controlled handheld instrument to generate a noxious pressure stimulus to the left hind paw. The HT and the TFT used an electronically controlled light source to deliver a noxious thermal stimulus to the left hind paw or tail tip, respectively. Rats of each sex and genetic background underwent one type of test on day 0 and day 7. Withdrawal thresholds and thermal latencies were compared among tests. No significant differences were observed. Our findings can serve as a guide for researchers considering these nociceptive tests for their experiments.
Application of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) Method to Maintain Body Temperature Stability of Low Birth Weight (LBW) Babies at Toto Kabila Gorontalo Hospital
Authors: Apriana Rista , Syahrir Akifa , Sunge Grace Wellyana 
Published: March 2024

Background: LBW infants are infants born with a weight of less than 2500 grams. Due to their larger surface area-to-body weight ratio, they are highly susceptible to thermoregulation system disturbances, such as hypothermia. One non-pharmacological intervention to maintain body temperature in infants is the Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) method, as it helps stabilize heart rate and respiration and reduces the risk of infections in infants. Aim: To describe the results of applying the KMC method to LBW infants at RSUD Toto Kabila Regional Public Hospital. Method: The study design used is a descriptive case study involving three participants. The data will be presented using tables and described to illustrate the results and describe the application of the KMC method on LBW infants. Result: All three respondents experienced different increases in body temperature after applying the KMC method. The highest temperature increase was 1.9°C, while the lowest temperature increase was 1°C. Conclusion: The application of the KMC method was able to maintain normal body temperature stability, as demonstrated by the pre- and post-measurement results of body temperature after three days of applying the method on three LBW infants at RSUD Toto Kabila Regional Public Hospital.Keywords: LBW Kangaroo Mother Care, Body Temperature Stability
Eloquent noneloquence: redefinition of cortical eloquence based on outcomes of superficial cerebral cavernous malformation resection
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K. , Scherschinski Lea , Jubran Jubran H. , Dadario Nicholas B. , Karahalios Katherine , Benner Dimitri , VanBrabant Danielle , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CMs) are pathological lesions that cause discrete cortical disruption with hemorrhage, and their transcortical resections can cause additional iatrogenic disruption. The analysis of microsurgically treated CMs might identify areas of "eloquent noneloquence," or cortex that is associated with unexpected deficits when injured or transgressed.

METHODS
Patients from a consecutive microsurgical series of superficial cerebral CMs who presented to the authors’ center over a 13-year period were retrospectively analyzed. Neurological outcomes were measured using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and new, permanent neurological or cognitive symptoms not detected by changes in mRS scores were measured as additional functional decline. Patients with multiple lesions and surgical encounters for different lesions within the study interval were represented within the cohort as multiple patient entries. Virtual object models for CMs and approach trajectories to subcortical lesions were merged into a template brain model for subtyping and Quicktome connectomic analyses. Parcellation outputs from the models were analyzed for regional cerebral clustering.

RESULTS
Overall, 362 CMs were resected in 346 patients, and convexity subtypes were the most common (132/362, 36.5%). Relative to the preoperative mRS score, 327 of 362 cases (90.3%) were in patients who improved or remained stable, 35 (9.7%) were in patients whose conditions worsened, and 47 (13.0%) were in patients who had additional functional decline. Machine learning analyses of lesion objects and trajectory cylinder mapping identified 7 hotspots of novel eloquence: supplementary motor area (bilateral), anterior cingulate cortex (bilateral), posterior cingulate cortex (bilateral), anterior insula (left), frontal pole (right), mesial temporal lobe (left), and occipital cortex (right).

CONCLUSIONS
Transgyral and transsulcal resections that circumvent areas of traditional eloquence and navigate areas of presumed noneloquence may nonetheless result in unfavorable outcomes, demonstrating that brain long considered by neurosurgeons to be noneloquent may be eloquent. Eloquent hotspots within multiple large-scale networks redefine the neurosurgical concept of eloquence and call for more refined dissection techniques that maximize transsulcal dissection, intracapsular resection, and tissue preservation. Human connectomics, awareness of brain networks, and prioritization of cognitive outcomes require that we update our concept of cortical eloquence and incorporate this information into our surgical strategies.
Are there differences in the reoperation rates for operative adjacent-segment disease between ALIF+PS, PLIF+PS, TLIF+PS, and LLIF+PS? An analysis of a cohort of 5291 patients
Authors: Bains Ravinder Raj , Royse Kathryn E. , Fennessy Jacob , Norheim Elizabeth P. , Tabaraee Ehsan , Harris Jessica E. , Kuo Calvin C. , Guppy Kern H. 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE
Biomechanical factors in lumbar fusions accelerate the development of adjacent-segment disease (ASD). Stiffness in the fused segment increases motion in the adjacent levels, resulting in ASD. The objective of this study was to determine if there are differences in the reoperation rates for symptomatic ASD (operative ASD) between anterior lumbar interbody fusion plus pedicle screws (ALIF+PS), posterior lumbar interbody fusion plus pedicle screws (PLIF+PS), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion plus pedicle screws (TLIF+PS), and lateral lumbar interbody fusion plus pedicle screws (LLIF+PS).

METHODS
A retrospective study using data from the Kaiser Permanente Spine Registry identified an adult cohort (≥ 18 years old) with degenerative disc disease who underwent primary lumbar interbody fusions with pedicle screws between L3 to S1. Demographic and operative data were obtained from the registry, and chart review was used to document operative ASD. Patients were followed until operative ASD, membership termination, the end of study (March 31, 2022), or death. Operative ASD was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS
The final study population included 5291 patients with a mean ± SD age of 60.1 ± 12.1 years and a follow-up of 6.3 ± 3.8 years. There was a total of 443 operative ASD cases, with an overall incidence rate of reoperation for ASD of 8.37% (95% CI 7.6–9.2). The crude incidence of operative ASD at 5 years was the lowest in the ALIF+PS cohort (7.7%, 95% CI 6.3–9.4). In the adjusted models, the authors failed to detect a statistical difference in operative ASD between ALIF+PS (reference) versus PLIF+PS (HR 1.06 [0.79–1.44], p = 0.69) versus TLIF+PS (HR 1.03 [0.81–1.31], p = 0.83) versus LLIF+PS (HR 1.38 [0.77–2.46], p = 0.28).

CONCLUSIONS
In a large cohort of over 5000 patients with an average follow-up of > 6 years, the authors found no differences in the reoperation rates for symptomatic ASD (operative ASD) between ALIF+PS and PLIF+PS, TLIF+PS, or LLIF+PS.
Comparative effectiveness of stereotactic, subdural, or hybrid intracranial EEG monitoring in epilepsy surgery
Authors: Jha Rohan , Liu David D. , Gerstl Jakob V. E. , Renauld Sophia , Kilgallon John L. , Blitz Sarah E. , Medeiros Lila , Nawabi Noah L. A. , Singh Hargunbir , Chua Melissa M. J. , Tobochnik Steven , Cosgrove G. Rees , Rolston John D. 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE
Surgical intervention can be curative or palliative for drug-resistant focal epilepsy. However, if the seizure onset zone (SOZ) cannot be adequately localized via noninvasive tests, intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings are often carried out to develop surgical plans in appropriate candidates. Stereotactic EEG (SEEG), subdural EEG (SDE), and SDE with depth electrodes (hybrid) are major tools used for investigation, but there is no class 1 or 2 evidence comparing the effectiveness of these modalities.

METHODS
The authors identified an institutional cohort of patients who underwent iEEG monitoring between 2001 and 2022. Demographic data, preoperative clinical features, iEEG intervention, and follow-up data were identified. Primary study endpoints included the following: 1) likelihood of SOZ localization; 2) likelihood of surgical treatment after iEEG; 3) seizure outcomes; and 4) complications.

RESULTS
A total of 329 patients were identified (176 in the SEEG, 60 in the SDE, and 93 in the hybrid cohort) who were followed for a median of 5.4 (IQR 6.8) years. Baseline characteristics, including demographics, mean age at epilepsy diagnosis, mean age at iEEG investigation, number of preoperative antiseizure medications, and preoperative seizure frequency, were not statistically different across the 3 cohorts. Patients in the SEEG cohort were more likely to have their SOZ localized than were the patients in the SDE group (OR 2.3) and were less likely to undergo subsequent resection (OR 0.3) or to have complications (OR 0.4), although there was no statistical difference with respect to likelihood of undergoing any subsequent neurosurgical treatment, or with respect to favorable seizure outcomes. Patients in the hybrid cohort were more likely to have SOZ localized than were patients in the SDE group (OR 3.1), but were more likely to undergo resection (OR 4.9) or any neurosurgical treatment (OR 2.5) compared to patients in the SEEG group. Patients in the hybrid cohort had better seizure outcomes compared to the SDE (OR 2.3) but not to the SEEG group.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients in the SEEG group were more likely to have their SOZ localized and patients in the SDE group were more likely to undergo resection, but they did not differ with respect to seizure outcomes.
Risk factors for postoperative ventriculoperitoneal shunt requirement in pediatric patients with brain tumors invading or adjacent to CSF circulation pathways
Authors: Ying Zesheng , Yang Wei , Zhang Nijia , Sun Hailang , Zhang Di , Shang Baojin , Chen Jiashu , Ge Ming 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE
Hydrocephalus is a common comorbidity of brain tumors in children that may persist following brain tumor resection. This study aimed to explore perioperative risk factors associated with postoperative ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement for tumors located at or adjacent to the CSF circulation pathway.

METHODS
Patients aged 0–18 years with tumors invading or adjacent to the CSF circulation pathways who underwent brain tumor resection between October 2015 and September 2021 were included in this study. The outcome metric was whether patients underwent VPS placement within 6 months of tumor resection. Patients were followed up every 3–6 months after surgery. Demographic and perioperative imaging characteristics, clinical variables, and long-term treatments, including radiotherapy or chemotherapy, were included in the analysis.

RESULTS
Two hundred sixty-five children were included in this study. Of these patients, 38 (14.34%) underwent VPS placement within 6 months of tumor resection. One hundred thirty-two patients (49.81%) presented with preoperative hydrocephalus. Results from the multivariate analysis showed that medulloblastoma (OR 4.15, 95% CI 1.74–9.91, p = 0.001), lateral/third ventricle tumors (OR 4.07, 95% CI 1.33–12.30, p = 0.014), postoperative intraventricular hematoma (OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.53–7.38, p = 0.003), and presence of subdural hygroma in the nonoperated area within 48 hours after tumor resection (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.15–6.74, p = 0.024) were independent risk factors for postoperative VPS placement.

CONCLUSIONS
Postoperative lateral/third ventricle hematoma and subdural hygroma in the nonoperated area, anatomical location, and tumor histology may be potential risk factors for a postoperative VPS after brain tumor resection.
Shoulder balance in Lenke type 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: correlations among radiological indices, cosmetic indices, and patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Lee Hyung Rae , Hwang Chang Ju , Seok Sang Yun , Kim Geon Jung , Cho Jae Hwan , Lee Dong-Ho , Lee Choon Sung 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between radiological indices of shoulder balance (SB) and cosmetic indices of shoulder deformity in patients with Lenke type 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and to determine the extent to which patient-reported outcomes (PROs) correlate with these measurements. Current management decisions and outcomes for SB in AIS are primarily based on radiological measurements. It is crucial to understand how these radiological parameters and cosmetic indices relate to patient satisfaction.

METHODS
The authors analyzed the preoperative radiological and photographic indices of SB, along with PROs, in patients with Lenke type 2 AIS. Lateral SB parameters included the radiological shoulder height (RSH) and clavicle angle, while medial SB parameters included the first rib angle and T1 tilt angle. Photographic indices included the shoulder height angle (SHA), axilla height angle (AHA), and the left/right trapezius angle (LRTA) ratio. The authors assessed the self-image, mental health, and total score domains of the Korean version of the 22-item Scoliosis Research Society questionnaire.

RESULTS
In their analysis of Lenke type 2 patients, the authors found that correlation coefficients between radiological measurements and photographic indices ranged from −0.25 to 0.47, among which only lateral SB including clavicle angle and RSH showed a significant correlation with anterior and posterior photographic indices. No statistically significant correlations were found between radiological measurements and PROs. Anterior photographic indices including SHA and AHA significantly correlated with all three PROs (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Radiological shoulder parameters did not accurately reflect the perceived SB. Anterior photographic indices were reliable for evaluating clinical SB in patients with Lenke type 2 AIS and correlated with PROs. Spine surgeons may benefit from paying more attention to anterior photographic indices when making surgical decisions regarding clinical SB.
Analysis of tranexamic acid usage in adult spinal deformity patients with relative contraindications: does it increase the risk of complications?
Authors: Mullin Jeffrey P. , Soliman Mohamed A. R. , Smith Justin S. , Kelly Michael P. , Buell Thomas J. , Diebo Bassel , Scheer Justin K. , Line Breton , Lafage Virginie , Lafage Renaud , Klineberg Eric , Kim Han Jo , Passias Peter G. , Gum Jeffrey L. , Kebaish Khaled , Eastlack Robert K. , Daniels Alan H. , Soroceanu Alex , Mundis Gregory , Hostin Richard , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Hamilton D. Kojo , Gupta Munish C. , Lewis Stephen J. , Schwab Frank J. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Bess Shay , Ames Christopher P. , Burton Douglas 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE
Complex spinal deformity surgeries may involve significant blood loss. The use of antifibrinolytic agents such as tranexamic acid (TXA) has been proven to reduce perioperative blood loss. However, for patients with a history of thromboembolic events, there is concern of increased risk when TXA is used during these surgeries. This study aimed to assess whether TXA use in patients undergoing complex spinal deformity correction surgeries increases the risk of thromboembolic complications based on preexisting thromboembolic risk factors.

METHODS
Data were analyzed for adult patients who received TXA during surgical correction for spinal deformity at 21 North American centers between August 2018 and October 2022. Patients with preexisting thromboembolic events and other risk factors (history of deep venous thrombosis [DVT], pulmonary embolism [PE], myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, peripheral vascular disease, or cancer) were identified. Thromboembolic complication rates were assessed during the postoperative 90 days. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess thromboembolic outcomes in high-risk and low-risk patients who received intravenous TXA.

RESULTS
Among 411 consecutive patients who underwent complex spinal deformity surgery and received TXA intraoperatively, 130 (31.6%) were considered high-risk patients. There was no significant difference in thromboembolic complications between patients with and those without preexisting thromboembolic risk factors in univariate analysis (high-risk group vs low-risk group: 8.5% vs 2.8%, p = 0.45). Specifically, there were no significant differences between groups regarding the 90-day postoperative rates of DVT (high-risk group vs low-risk group: 1.5% vs 1.4%, p = 0.98), PE (2.3% vs 1.8%, p = 0.71), acute MI (1.5% vs 0%, p = 0.19), or stroke (0.8% vs 1.1%, p > 0.99). On multivariate analysis, high-risk status was not a significant independent predictor for any of the thromboembolic complications.

CONCLUSIONS
Administration of intravenous TXA during the correction procedure did not change rates of thromboembolic events, acute MI, or stroke in this cohort of adult spinal deformity surgery patients.