bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repairing Ship Damage in Forward Areas
Authors: LAMARTIN CDR. DOUGLASS H. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper describes Navy plans for ship battle damage repair (SBDR). The goal is to repair battle damage as far forward as possible. This would return lightly damaged ships to service quickly, reduce time lost for transit and save heavily damaged ships for subsequent repair. Damaged ships would proceed to the rear until they find a facility with adequate capability and capacity. Tenders and repair ships in forward areas will play an important role.In the Persian Gulf, both USS Stark (FFG‐31) and USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG‐58) were damaged, but survived. In each case, they returned to the United States for restoration, but only after repairs in theater made them seaworthy.In 1988 the assistant chief of naval operations for surface warfare fashioned a contingency plan. It relied heavily on ongoing efforts to define a new repair ship, AR(X).Under the resulting plan, shore intermediate maintenance activities (SIMA) and mobile technical units (MOTU) will augment tenders and repair ships. In forward areas, tenders will colled damaged ships in a triage for repair or cannibalization. Restoring seaworthiness and mobility will be the first priority, then repairing combat systems. Heavily damaged ships will be patched and sent to the rear for further repairs.
Hazardous Material and Hazardous Waste Management Within The Navy
Authors: GLADSTONE KENNETH M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses alternative strategies to satisfy the requirement for the life‐cycle control and management of hazardous material acquired and used by the Navy. It challenges the logistics community to pool scarce and competing resources and forge new bonds of social action to solve common problems related to a more efficient and cost effective management of this now very important and burgeoning program.
The Role of Pressure Forces in MHD Propulsion of Submersibles
Authors: DAVIDSON PETER A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTOne of the major difficulties in calculating the efficiency of MHD propulsion for submersibles lies in assessing the effect of pressure drag on the submarine. The pressure distribution over the surface of the vessel is determined, in part, by the suction around the inlet to the propulsion ducts. Unlike conventionally propelled bodies, the net pressure drag is not zero, even for streamlined shapes. We describe one means of evaluating this pressure force, which results in a remarkably simple expression for the pressure drag. This then allows us to develop an explicit equation for the propulsion efficiency, which highlights the importance of stored magnetic energy on the performance of MHD propulsion.
Naval Surface Warfighting Vision 2030
Authors: MEYER VICTOR A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe Naval Surface Warfighting Vision 2030 was developed by a small team of naval analysts at the Naval Surface Warfare Center for the purpose of developing future warfighting concepts. The Warfighting Vision 2030 is a strategy‐framed, top‐down description of surface warfare, which focuses on future warfighting needs. A surface warfare concept of operations is presented and evaluated in several different naval campaign scenarios, which are varied depending on future world geopolitical alternatives. A naval surface force structure is postulated and analyzed in terms of the surface ships and combat systems required to implement the concept of operations. Ship and combat system characteristics are generated for conceptual ship‐types. Performance goals are analyzed based on parametric tradeoffs conducted at the operational level of warfare. A mother ship concept, which features smaller scout‐fighter vehicles (surface, sub‐surface, and air), is presented as a means of performing specialized missions, such as mine countermeasures, special forces operations and shallow water ASW. The “vision” surface force structure is introduced as a way to rebalance and evolve from today's force structure to a more flexible, adaptable, and affordable force for the future.
Capturing Maintenance and Modernization Efficiencies
Authors: SARGENT DAVID P. , STEWARD PAUL E. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe cutback in the Defense budget is real as is the shrinking size of the U.S. Navy. These circumstances present unique challenges to a program, like the Aegis Program, which is growing in the number of ships in‐service. With the requirement at all levels of DoD to reduce spending and save dollars, it is vital to find innovative methods to streamline the processes used to plan for and maintain the complex Aegis ships. Failing this, the only alternative is reduction of the amount of support, maintenance, and training available.This paper will discuss the evolution of Aegis maintenance and modernization planning from the traditional availability‐by‐availability planning to a comprehensive “class” operation cycle planning. It will examine the integrated Hull Management System (HMS) concept, which links various data base modules of alteration, ILS and material management tracking information subsystems and other automated aspects of the Aegis Expanded Expanded (EX)2 Planning Yard to allow for more accurate and timely planning. Finally, it will discuss the concept and efficiencies expected in continuing the evolution from current Expanded Expanded (EX)2 Planning Yards to the further automated (EX)3 concept.It will be necessary for the (EX)2 concept to capture the lessons learned to date and expand on the efficiencies of automation if the Navy is going to be able to afford to maintain the operational readiness and quality of Aegis ships during a decreasing Future Year Defense Plan (FYDP).
Using Today“s Technology to Help Preserve USS Constitution
Authors: WITHERELL PETER W. , ROSS ROBERT J. , FARIS WILLIAM R. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTIn order to retain as much of the USS Constitution's remaining original material as possible, and at the same time preserve the ship's hull form and structural integrity for the future, the Navy has conducted numerous inspections and engineering studies over the past decade. While much of this work has involved visual inspections, test borings, mechanical testing, classical naval architecture calculations, and research into past shipbuilding practices, a commeasurate amount of effort has also been directed at using today's technology to maximum advantage. This paper discusses: 1) inspecting the ship's fasteners using ultrasonic testing, 2) inspecting the ship's wooden structure using three nondestructive test methods, 3) analyzing ship deflections and general stress levels using finite element modeling on a computer, and 4) investigating the use of fiber reinforced composites to strengthen the ship.
A Cost‐Effective Approach to Evaluate High‐Temperature Ablatives for Military Applications
Authors: KOO JOSEPH H. , KNEER MICHAEL J. , LIN SHAN , SCHNEIDER MARK E. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTSeveral methods for evaluating thermal performance of ablative materials under simulated solid rocket exhaust plumes are presented in this paper. A small‐scale supersonic rocket motor facility capable of delivering more than 700 Btu/s‐ft2 (7,947 kW/m2) was used to simulate the rocket motor environment in the laboratory. A particle feeder with the capability of injecting 40 lb/hr (5.0 gm/s) of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particles into the flow stream was used to simulate the particle impingement effects of solid rocket exhaust. Application of several gauges for heat flux measurement is discussed in this paper. These gauges include a circular foil calorimeter (Gardon), flat plate calorimeter, and pencil probe surface thermocouple. Several techniques for erosion measurement are also presented. These techniques consist of a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), eddy current device, ultrasonic device, and laser‐based sensor. The operation principle of the LVDT and laser‐based sensors is presented, and some typical results are shown. High‐speed motion and video analyses were performed to study material surface behavior during testing. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) analyses were also performed on ablatives to study subsurface structure behavior during ablation. A cost‐effective approach was developed to evaluate high‐temperature ablatives for military applications.
Shipboard Gaseous Nitrogen Generator Design and Development
Authors: McCREA JACK L. , PEARSON THEODORE F. , WOERNER JOSEPH A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTCurrent shipboard cryogenic gas separation plants exhibit low reliability and availability, and require extensive operator attention. As a result, the Naval Sea System Command (NavSea) investigated alternate processes for shipboard production of nitrogen gas. The process chosen was pressure swing adsorption (PSA). The subsequent PSA investigations included: verification of the process with laboratory model testing, fabrication of a full scale prototype, and technical and operational evaluation.NavSea together with David Taylor Research Center (DTRC) and Westinghouse Machinery Technology Division (MTD) designed, fabricated, and tested a full scale prototype Gaseous Nitrogen Generator (GNG) based on PSA technology. This design will become the Navy standard for shipboard nitrogen generation.The GNG successfully passed Mil‐Std‐901 shock, Mil‐Std‐167 vibration, and 1000 hour technical evaluation (TechEval) and completed 1620 hours of shipboard evaluation aboard an aircraft carrier through November 1991. A review of the background which led to the GNG development and design along with details of the prototype development and testing are presented.
High Latitude Communications Satellite
Authors: AGRAWAL BRIJ N. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper presents preliminary design of a high latitude communications satellite. The satellite provides a continuous UHF communications for areas located north of the region covered by geosynchronous communications satellites. The satellite orbit is elliptic with 63.4° inclination with perigee at 1204 km altitude in the southern hemisphere and apogee at 14930 km altitude. The orbit period is 4.8 hours. The system consists of three satellites equally spaced in mean anomaly. It is launched by Delta II launch vehicle in three satellite staked configuration. The spacecraft uses three‐axis‐stabilization consisting of three reaction wheel system. Solar array surface is always normal to sun rays by spacecraft rotation about yaw axis and solar array drive rotation. The propulsion subsystem is a catalytic monopropellant hydrazine subsystem, consisting of four 38‐Newton and twelve 2‐Newton thrusters. Electric power is provided by GaAs solar cell and nickel hydrogen batteries.
Information Technology Insertion: Key System Engineering Element for Affordable, Mission Flexible Ships
Authors: WARD RAYMOND E. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTUncertainty dominates the thinking regarding the threat to be faced by the surface combatant for the 21st Century. However, there is great certainty that affordability, how ever the term is defined, will be a major factor in decisions regarding how many surface combatants, amphibious ships and support ships will be built. What combat and support system mix they will take to sea will also be affordability constrained. Affordable modernization and reduced life cycle costs will be major ship selection criteria.The Vertical Launch System (VLS) innovation represents a major step in a concept that allows for changes in weapon load mix and weapon evolution essential to meeting new threats and execution of varying missions. Currently no parallel breakthrough has been identified for sensors or combat and C4I systems.This paper presents the argument that system architecture and integration engineering for information technology insertion represent the key to a VLS like breakthrough for these other mission critical systems.The paper also argues that system engineering for this technology insertion also provides major potential for more affordable ships. These benefits obtain in both initial construction costs and in system modernization costs over the life of the ship. An included benefit is the potential to off‐load non mission critical personnel through automation of support functions and responsive shore based, on line support through the introduction of relevant information technology.
Ships Service Electric Power: Enhanced Survivability Via Early Detection of Incipient Cable Faults
Authors: WILLIAMS STEPHEN E. , RUSSELL B. DON 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTResearchers at Texas A&M University have studied the effects of battle damage on ship power distribution cables, with particular interest in damaged cables which did not fail immediately. The electrical signatures of partially damaged cables are significant and are detectable with advanced protection methods used on terrestrial power systems. Findings show that the damaged cable signatures are similar to those of arcing faults on terrestrial power distribution systems, which can be reliably detected using an on‐line expert system [1,2,3]. The implications of these findings are significant. Since the ability of a damaged ship to fight through an encounter is entirely dependent on keeping operational its various systems which rely on electric power, the ability to automatically detect and re‐route power around damaged regions is imperative. By identifying the characteristics of failing power cables before catastrophic failure occurs, the protection process can be integrated into the ship automatic control system. The overall result is a more survivable ship.
An Approach to Turn–Key Communications Suites for New Construction Ships
Authors: BIONDI ROY J. , KELLER BARBARA A. , RISTY DONALD 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT“Turn‐Key” is an innovative approach for the design, acquisition, integration, and installation of Radio Communications Systems for new construction ships. It has been developed by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SpaWar) to cope with the growing problem of ships being delivered to the fleet with outdated or obsolete communications technology. The Turn‐Key approach provides both performance and affordability benefits.Under the traditional ship design process, the baseline configuration of the communications suite is effectively frozen 5–7 years before delivery of the ship. In the current fixed price shipbuilding environment, the costs of engineering change proposals (ECPs) to implement communications suite design changes have become prohibitive. The design inflexibility created by these schedule and cost constraints affects the Navy's ability to implement communications technology advancements in new construction ships. At the point of delivery, most new construction ships already have an inherent “bow‐wave” of required communications subsystem/equipment upgrades which must be accomplished under the Fleet Modernization Program.Under the turn‐key approach, the Navy assumes full responsibility for design, acquisition, land‐based system integration, and (in some cases) shipboard installation and test of the communications suite. The shipbuilder provides necessary electrical power, ventilation, and cooling services, based on established allocations. This approach greatly reduces the Navy's GFI requirements and ECP costs to the shipbuilder and thereby gains the design flexibility necessary for incorporation of up‐to‐date communications technology prior to ship delivery. Since the shipbuilding ECP cost penalties associated with implementing communications technology upgrades are reduced, the turn‐key approach enables performance improvements while providing affordability benefits.The turn‐key approach already has been used successfully for installation of the communications suites on a number of auxiliary and special mission ship classes, and the results have been praised by InSurv. Now proposed for application to surface combatants and amphibious ships, the turn‐key approach is also the subject of an ongoing NavSea Total Quality Leadership (TQL) Process Action Team addressing improvements to the ship design, acquisition, and construction process. By attaining design flexibility and affordable performance benefits, the turn‐key approach serves as a prototype process improvement for integration of the entire range of command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I) systems.
Nuclear vs. Non‐Nuclear Attack Submarine Powerplants
Authors: RAINS DEAN A. , MITCHELL KENNETH A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe budget cuts of the 1990s have placed the Navy in a difficult position when trying to maintain fleet levels capable of meeting a more dispersed and less defined threat. The cancellation of Seawolf initiated a large effort to define a submarine that is capable and affordable with today's shrinking budget. Many European countries have turned to air independent (AIP), non‐nuclear propulsion systems as a way of increasing the effectiveness of their fleets when compared to their current diesel/electric boats. By evaluating and comparing two AIP and one hybrid propulsion systems to current nuclear capabilities, we can help define options for the next generation submarine. This paper attempts to provide design and cost information which can be used in conjunction with mission profiles to determine the best system for the desired job. Tomorrow's submarine will perform a variety of missions. Most all can be handled well by nuclear submarines, but at what cost? These performance/cost tradeoffs are the subject of this paper.
Automated Logistics for HM&E Systems
Authors: CIERI ANTHONY M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTShipboard and shoreside maintenance managers throughout the Navy are searching for innovative ways to improve the processes used to maintain shipboard equipment. The current fiscal environment and events in the world make it evident that the Navy of the twenty‐first century will have to do more with less.The author believes that the application of existing technology can automate and integrate diagnostics (what is wrong and a recommended corrective action) with the logistic requirements (how to document and effect the corrective action). The author will discuss and demonstrate a real‐time application of automated diagnostics with CALS compliant logistics for an HM&E system for use by both shipboard and shoreside maintenance managers.The primary functions will center around data collection and work brokerage. The paper will focus on features and capabilities that will automate logistics including: SNAP/CSMP Interface (automated 2‐kilos), Tech Manuals/EOSS/PMS, Ships Force Training, Embedded Training, Tools/Parts Information, Maintenance Scheduling, Drawings/Blue Prints, and MachAlt/ShipAlt Management.
Corrosion of Aircraft Landing Gear Steels
Authors: Lee Eun U. , Waldman Jeffrey 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  Carrier‐based aircraft landing gear demands a tough, corrosion‐resistant material. Because of its high tensile strength, 300M steel was accepted as the standard material for aircraft landing gear. However, its corrosion resistance and fracture toughness are low, and is ill‐suited for advanced aircraft landing gear.A newly developed nickel‐cobalt alloy steel, named “AerMet 100,” has an outstanding combination of high fracture toughness and high tensile strength. Since its mechanical properties surpass those of the 300M steel, it has great potential for application to aircraft landing gear and other fracture critical components. However, its corrosion behavior was not fully understood. This study was initiated to characterize the corrosion behavior. The characterization effort included clarification of stress corrosion cracking, immersion corrosion, salt spray corrosion, and humidity corrosion of AerMet 100 steel. For comparison, an identical study was concurrently performed for 300M steel. The results indicate that AerMet 100 steel is superior to 300M steel with respect to corrosion resistance as well as mechanical properties.
Evaluation of the F/A‐18E/F Aircraft Flowfield Effect on the HARM Missile
Authors: Cenko Alexis , Moyer Seth 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  Over the past few years, many techniques for analyzing the aircraft flowfield effects on stores have been presented. Generally these methods have been employed in order to better define the flowfield interactions with the store of interest and to help define possible areas of the envelope where separation may be unsafe. Quite often, however, these techniques are applied too late in the integration process to have a positive impact on the eventual integration of the weapon on the aircraft. Additionally, most of these techniques have been applied to vertically separating stores.The present study concerns the integration of the HARM missile onto the F/A‐18E/F aircraft. This study was undertaken in the earliest stages of the program tasked with integrating the missile on the aircraft. An existing analytical model of the F/A‐18E/F was used to derive the flowfield of the F/A‐18E/F. This model was then used to make a number of assessments concerning the difficulty of integrating stores onto the F/A‐18E/F aircraft.
Hybrid Hydrofoil Technology Applications
Authors: MEYER JOHN R. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to provide a review of hybrid hydrofoil vehicle technology and feasibility designs, both military and commercial, that have been explored during the last several decades.A hybrid hydrofoil consists of a conventional monohull form with the addition of a long, slender, single strut and lower body added to its keel. The lower body buoyant lift is augmented by the dynamic lift from a fully‐submerged foil system. Foil dynamic lift comes into play at speeds of about 12 to 15 knots and above, at which time the upper hull is lifted from the water surface leaving only the small waterplane of the single strut at the interface. The foil automatic control system maintains predetermined flying height and provides a stable platform in waves. The foil surfaces are sufficiently powerful to counter roll, pitch and heave motions that would be imparted to a conventional monohull in waves. Propulsion of a hybrid hydrofoil is provided by one or more prime movers in the upper hull, either driving through a mechanical Z‐drive, or an electric transmission system, to one or more propellers on the stern of the lower hull. An alternate arrangement is to place the entire propulsion system in the lower hull, thereby eliminating a Z‐drive requirement.The hybrid hydrofoil designs to be described will include USCG patrol craft, U.S. Navy long‐range missile patrol craft, multi‐mission deploy able vehicle, multi‐mission support vehicle, and small combatant, along with several commercial versions of the hybrid hydrofoil concept.
Performance Assessment of the DDG‐51 Collective Protection System
Authors: HORNING HARRISON K. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTDDG‐51 is the first naval combatant constructed with a Collective Protection System (CPS) included in the base design. This paper presents a critical assessment of the performance of the CPS on this ship to date, based on the shipbuilder's involvement in design, construction and operation. Design and operational issues are discussed as they pertain to the three main aspects of the CPS: filtration, pressurization and controlled access. Recommendations are made for improving the operational viability of the CPS on all DDG‐51 class ships.
The Design of the FF‐21 Multi‐Mission Frigate
Authors: AFANASIEFF LEONID , MABRY JOHN P. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe FF‐21 concept has been developed by Newport News Shipbuilding, with team partners John J. McMullen Associates as design agent and Hughes Aircraft Company as combat system integrator. This paper discusses the mission of this small combatant ship, its design philosophy, and the overall technical approach used in development of the concept. Principal characteristics, combat system components, capabilities, and HM&E features of the concept design are described. Finally, this paper discusses FF‐21 configuration and arrangement considerations during concept development.