bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working memory representation in atypical language dominance
Authors: Axmacher Nikolai , Bialleck Katharina A. , Weber Bernd , Helmstaedter Christoph , Elger Christian E. , Fell Juergen 
Published: August 2008

AbstractOne of the most important factors controlling material specific processing in the human brain is language dominance, i.e. hemispheric specialization in semantic processes. Although previous studies have shown that lateralized long‐term memory processes in the medial temporal lobes are modified in subjects with atypical (right) language dominance, the effect of language dominance on the neural basis of working memory (WM) has remained unknown. Here, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to study the impact of language dominance on the neural representation of WM. We conducted an n‐back task in three different load conditions and with both verbal and nonverbal (spatial) material in matched groups of left and right language dominant subjects. This approach allowed us to investigate regions showing significant interactions between language dominance and material. Overall, right dominant subjects showed an increased inter‐individual variability of WM‐related activations. Verbal WM involved more pronounced activation of the left fusiform cortex in left dominant subjects and of the right inferior parietal lobule in the right dominant group. Spatial WM, on the other hand, induced activation of right hemispheric regions in left dominant subjects, but no specific activations in right dominant subjects. Taken together, these findings indicate that the neural basis of verbal WM processes depends on language dominance and is more mutable in right dominant subjects. The increased variability in right dominant subjects strongly suggests that a standard network of material‐dependent WM processes exists in left dominant subjects, and that right dominant subjects use variable alternative networks. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction following treatment for oral and pharyngeal cancer—Association with diminished intraoral sensation and discrimination ability
Authors: Jäghagen Eva Levring , Bodin Ingrid , Isberg Annika 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground.Swallowing disorders following treatment for oral and pharyngeal cancer are mainly considered a surgical sequel. The recent finding that radiotherapy‐induced decline in intraoral sensory abilities established an incentive to elucidate any association between the degree of sensory decline and the degree of swallowing dysfunction.Methods.Oral and pharyngeal swallowing was cineradiographically examined in 15 patients with oral or pharyngeal cancer before and after treatment. The patients were also tested for intraoral sensation, shape recognition, and hole size identification.Results.Swallowing function deteriorated in 67% of the patients 6 months posttreatment, with no significant improvement after 12 months. The degree of swallowing dysfunction was statistically significantly associated with the degree of diminished intraoral sensation and shape recognition.Conclusion.In the quest for rehabilitation after treatment for oral and pharyngeal cancer, the impact of impaired intraoral sensation and discrimination ability on swallowing function should be taken into consideration. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Human resource issues in outsourcing: Integrating research and practice
Authors: Fisher Sandra L. , Wasserman Michael E. , Wolf Paige P. , Wears Katherine Hannan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAs the use of outsourcing as a staffing strategy continues, it is important to understand how the landscape of human resource management shifts in response to this strategy. Much of the existing outsourcing research in human resource management and organizational behavior has examined individuallevel responses. In this article, we use this research to identify the outsourcing‐related challenges facing HR professionals in both the service provider and client organizations as they strive to attract, motivate, and retain high‐performing employees and explore HR practices that may help achieve organizational goals. Areas in need of additional research are also identified. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A case for sexual orientation diversity management in small and large organizations
Authors: Day Nancy E. , Greene Patricia G. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn the 14 years since the Society for Human Resource Management added sexual orientation to its nondiscrimination statement, many organizations, including a large majority of Fortune 500 companies, have become more accepting of gay and lesbian workers. However, both small and large organizations may not have decided if this diversity is a type they wish to address. This article makes the case that to be competitive in the labor market and maximize the customer base, inclusiveness may be a requirement. We make this point by first describing current practices that create inclusive environments. To explore differences between small and large employers, we then present an exploratory study that shows that small firms may already have advantages in establishing inclusiveness. Interviews are presented that further investigate how work climates may exist for gay and lesbian employees in small and large organizations. Best practices and recommendations for creating and maintaining an inclusive workforce are then presented. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subglacial modulation of the hydrograph from glacierized basins
Authors: Flowers Gwenn E. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe extent of basin glacierization has important implications for the hydrograph in part, because snow, firn and ice impart different delays in water transport through the system. Here, the significance of subglacial drainage morphology in modulating the hydrograph is examined with a one‐dimensional physically based model. The conceptual model of subglacial drainage comprises both ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ elements, respectively associated with summer and winter drainage regimes. The additional possibility of a permeable glacier substrate is taken into account by allowing water transport in a subglacial aquifer. Forced by prescribed rates of melt‐water delivery to the glacier bed, the model predicts glacier discharge by drainage system provenance. The effects of (1) ‘hard’ versus ‘soft’ glacier beds, (2) subsurface permeability and groundwater flow, and (3) glacier geometry are then investigated. Hydrograph character, in the form of peak timing and amplitude, symmetry with respect to the forcing, and the amplitude of diurnal fluctuations, is affected by the partitioning of water through the various flow elements. Hard beds and impermeable substrates maximize the discharge routed through the fast‐drainage system in the simulations, generally resulting in higher seasonal discharge maxima and stronger diurnal variations in discharge. High hydraulic transmissivities, either at the glacier bed or in underlying strata, hinder the development of the fast‐drainage system in the simulations, producing hydrographs of lower amplitude. Glacier geometry has a modest effect, with adverse bed slopes, very thick or very thin ice and short glacier lengths favouring prolonged drainage through the slow system. These results suggest that the morphology and evolution of the subglacial drainage system may play a significant role in determining the character of the hydrograph from glacierized basins. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of suspended sediment concentration and yield using linear models, random forests and quantile regression forests
Authors: Francke T. , López‐Tarazón J.A. , Schröder B. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFor sediment yield estimation, intermittent measurements of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) have to be interpolated to derive a continuous sedigraph. Traditionally, sediment rating curves (SRCs) based on univariate linear regression of discharge and SSC (or the logarithms thereof) are used but alternative approaches (e.g. fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks, etc.) exist. This paper presents a comparison of the applicability of traditional SRCs, generalized linear models (GLMs) and non‐parametric regression using Random Forests (RF) and Quantile Regression Forests (QRF) applied to a dataset of SSC obtained for four subcatchments (0·08, 41, 145 and 445 km2) in the Central Spanish Pyrenees. The observed SSCs are highly variable and range over six orders of magnitude. For these data, traditional SRCs performed inadequately due to the over‐simplification of relating SSC solely to discharge. Instead, the multitude of acting processes required more flexibility to model these nonlinear relationships. Thus, alternative advanced machine learning techniques that have been successfully applied in other disciplines were tested. GLMs provide the option of including other relevant process variables (e.g. rainfall intensities and temporal information) but require the selection of the most appropriate predictors. For the given datasets, the investigated variable selection methods produced inconsistent results. All proposed GLMs showed an inferior performance, whereas RF and QRF proved to be very robust and performed favourably for reproducing sediment dynamics. QRF additionally provides estimates on the accuracy of the predictions and thus allows the assessment of uncertainties in the estimated sediment yield that is not commonly found in other methods. The capabilities of RF and QRF concerning the interpretation of predictor effects are also outlined. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of obesity and other lifestyle factors on mortality in women with breast cancer
Authors: Dal Maso Luigino , Zucchetto Antonella , Talamini Renato , Serraino Diego , Stocco Carmen F. , Vercelli Marina , Falcini Fabio , Franceschi Silvia ,   for Prospective Analysis of Case‐control studies on Environmental factors and health (PACE) study group
Published: August 2008

AbstractA few lifestyle characteristics before cancer diagnosis have been suggested to modify the prognosis of breast cancer. Follow‐up information from 1,453 women with incident invasive breast cancer, diagnosed between 1991 and 1994 and interviewed within the framework of an Italian multicenter case‐control study, was used to assess the effect of obesity and of a large spectrum of other factors on breast cancer mortality. Five hundred and three deaths, including 398 breast cancer deaths, were identified. Hazard ratios (HR) for all‐cause and breast cancer mortality and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models and adjusted for age and breast cancer characteristics (stage and receptor status). Increased risk of death for breast cancer emerged for body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2(HR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.02–1.86), compared to <25, or waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) ≥ 0.85 (HR = 1.27; 95% CI: 0.98–1.64), compared to <0.80, and the strongest association was observed for women with BMI ≥30 and high WHR (≥0.85), compared to women with BMI <25 and WHR < 0.85 (HR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.08–2.27). The unfavorable effect of high BMI was similar in women <55 and ≥55 years of age, whereas it was stronger in women with I–II stage than III–IV stage breast cancer. Low vegetable and fruit consumption and current or past smoking were also associated to marginally worse breast cancer survival. No significant relationship with survival after breast cancer emerged for several other major lifestyle factors, including physical activity, alcohol drinking, exogenous hormones use and fat intake. High BMI was the lifestyle risk factor that most consistently modified breast cancer prognosis in our study. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coffee consumption and risk of endometrial cancer: A prospective study in Japan
Authors: Shimazu Taichi , Inoue Manami , Sasazuki Shizuka , Iwasaki Motoki , Kurahashi Norie , Yamaji Taiki , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   for the JPHC Study Group
Published: August 2008

AbstractCoffee has been proposed to decrease the circulating insulin and estrogen levels, which are related to the development of endometrial cancer. However, few studies have prospectively assessed the association between coffee consumption and endometrial cancer. We conducted a population‐based prospective cohort study in 53,724 Japanese women aged 40–69 years with no history of cancer at baseline in 1990–1994. We used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of endometrial cancer incidence in relation to coffee consumption. All reported p values are 2‐tailed. During the 15‐year follow‐up period, we documented 117 cases of endometrial cancer. Coffee consumption was significantly associated with a decreased risk of endometrial cancer. After adjustment for age, study area, body mass index, menopausal status, age at menopause for postmenopausal women, parity, use of exogenous female hormones, smoking status and by consumption of green vegetables, beef, pork and green tea, the multivariate HRs (95% CI) of endometrial cancer in women who drank coffee ≤2 days/week, 3–4 days/week, 1–2 cups/day and ≥3 cups/day were 1.00, 0.97 (0.56–1.68), 0.61 (0.39–0.97) and 0.38 (0.16–0.91), respectively (p for trend = 0.007). In contrast, green tea consumption was not significantly associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer (p for trend = 0.22). The inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of endometrial cancer was consistently observed in subgroup analyses stratified by potential confounders. Coffee consumption may be associated with a decreased risk of endometrial cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence, incidence and clearance of human papillomavirus infection among young primiparous pregnant women in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Banura Cecily , Franceschi Silvia , van Doorn Leen‐Jan , Arslan Annie , Kleter Bernhard , Wabwire‐Mangen Fred , Mbidde Edward K. , Quint Wim , Weiderpass Elisabete 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe proportion of women who have already been exposed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection by the time they first become pregnant, and the influence of pregnancy and delivery on the course of HPV infection are unclear. In Kampala, Uganda, 987 young primiparous pregnant women aged <25 years had gynaecological examination and liquid‐based cytology. In the follow‐up, women acted as their own controls, i.e., 1st/2nd versus 3rd trimesters (105 women), and during pregnancy versus after delivery (289 women). HPV was assessed using highly sensitive PCR assays. Prevalence of HPV and HIV infections at baseline were 60.0% and 7.3%, respectively. HPV16 and 18 were detected in 8.4% and 5.8%, respectively, i.e., less frequently than HPV51 (8.7%) and 52 (12.1%). At follow‐up new HPV infections were detected in 42.9% of women between the 1st/2nd and 3rd trimesters, and 38.1% between pregnancy and delivery, but 50.4% and 71.8% of HPV infections, respectively, cleared, leaving HPV prevalence unchanged in the different periods. Prevalence of cytological abnormalities diminished after delivery (from 21.2% to 12.4%). Presence of genital warts and sexually transmitted infections other than HPV were the strongest risk factors for prevalent or incident HPV infection. Clearance was lower among HIV‐positive women. In conclusion, HPV prevalence was high in primiparous women in Uganda, but pregnancy did not seem to be a period of special vulnerability to the infection. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validation of quality indicators for radical prostatectomy
Authors: Chan Ellen O.M. , Groome Patti A. , Siemens D. Robert 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe feasibility and validity of proposed radical prostatectomy quality indicators has not been well studied. We assessed indicator availability from treating charts. We tested the convergent construct validity of a modified subset that were available from this information source by correlating them to hospital prostatectomy volume, a variable repeatedly associated with the quality of surgical care. The study population consisted of a stratified random sample of prostate cancer patients who were: (i) diagnosed between 1990 and 1998 in Ontario and (ii) treated by radical prostatectomy with curative intent within 6 months of diagnosis (n = 645). Of the 9 candidate quality indicators assessed, 4 were missing for 25–56% of study subjects and were not analyzed further. We discuss the implications of this missing information on feasibility of their use. For blood transfusions of 3 units or greater, length of hospital stay and use of non‐nerve‐sparing surgical technique, worse outcomes were generally apparent with decreasing hospital volume. Acute complication rates and positive surgical margin rates did not increase with decreasing hospital volume. We were able to demonstrate convergent construct validity for 3 quality indicators. Upon further validation, this readily available information may be applied to aid providers and quality councils to more effectively identify problems and guide change in the management of early prostate cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sarkozy one year later: Is his mind on France, or Carla?
Authors: Rosener James D. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe inauguration of French President Nicolas Sarkozy in June 2007 was filled with optimism. Most French seemed ready to adopt badly needed reforms. But one year later, public support has eroded—from almost weekly tabloid stories about Sarkozy's new wife, Carla Bruni. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Time to leave foreign stock markets?
Authors: Tokic Damir , Tokic Stijepko 
Published: August 2008

AbstractInternational stock markets have significantly outperformed the U.S. stock market from 2005 to 2008. But will this continue?The authors argue that international markets will hit their peak sometime this year—if they haven't already done so. The reason is that they will be dragged down by the anticipated U.S. recession.And what should U.S. investors do? The authors have some prudent recommendations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MSINDO study of acid promoted dissolution of planar MgO and NiO surfaces
Authors: Simpson Darren J. , Bredow Thomas , Gerson Andrea R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDespite the structural similarity, MgO is fast dissolving in low pH solution, whereas NiO is slow dissolving under the same conditions. In addition, the planar MgO (100) surface immediately reconstructs to form pits and protrusions, whereas this behavior has not been observed with NiO (100). Our previous study, using the semiempirical self‐consistent field molecular orbital (SCFMO) method MSINDO showed that it was possible for MgO dissolution but not NiO dissolution to occur via the migration of a metal‐oxygen pair to an ex situ position. However, we have now found a more energetically favorable and realistic dissolution mechanism involving the dissociation of a water molecule (adsorbed on a metal site) prior to migration. Products from this dissociation (H and OH) weaken adjacent metal‐oxygen bonds. Dissociation of a second adsorbed water molecule is required to complete the process. For both oxides, the energy barrier determined from the energy profile of the metal‐oxygen pair migration was found to be lower than the activation energy of water dissociation at the planar surface as reported in previous study. This would suggest that the dissociation of water molecules at the planar surface is ratedetermining in the surface restructuring step of dissolution. It was demonstrated that surface restructuring and dissolution of MgO is possible whereas highly improbable for NiO, in agreement with experimental observations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2009
Identification of amyloidogenic peptide sequences using a coarse‐grained physicochemical model
Authors: Clarke Oliver J. , Parker Martin J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractCross‐β amyloid is implicated in over 20 human diseases. Experiments suggest that specific sequence elements within amyloidogenic proteins play a major role in seeding amyloid formation. Identifying these seeding sequences is important for rationalizing the molecular mechanisms of amyloid formation and for elaborating therapeutic strategies that target amyloid. Theoretical techniques play an important role in facilitating the identification and structural characterization of putative seeding sequences; most amyloid species are not amenable to high resolution experimental structure techniques. In this study we have combined a coarse‐grained physicochemical protein model with a highly efficient Monte Carlo sampling technique to identify amyloidogenic sequences in four proteins for which respective experimental peptide fragmentation data exist. Peptide sequences were defined as amyloidogenic if the ensemble structure predicted for three interacting peptides described a stable and regular three‐stranded β‐sheet. For such peptides, free energies were calculated to provide a measure of amyloid propensity. The overall agreement between the experimental and predicted data is good, and we correctly identify several self‐recognition motifs proposed to define the cross‐β amyloid fibril architectures of two of the proteins. Our results compare very favorably with those obtained using atomistic molecular dynamics methods, though our simulations are 30–40 times faster. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2009
Toward accurate relative energy predictions of the bioactive conformation of drugs
Authors: Butler Keith T. , Luque F. Javier , Barril Xavier 
Published: August 2008

AbstractQuantifying the relative energy of a ligand in its target‐bound state (i.e. the bioactive conformation) is essential to understand the process of molecular recognition, to optimize the potency of bioactive molecules and to increase the accuracy of structure‐based drug design methods. This is, nevertheless, seriously hampered by two interrelated issues, namely the difficulty in carrying out an exhaustive sampling of the conformational space and the shortcomings of the energy functions, usually based on parametric methods of limited accuracy. Matters are further complicated by the experimental uncertainty on the atomic coordinates, which precludes a univocal definition of the bioactive conformation. In this article we investigate the relative energy of bioactive conformations introducing two major improvements over previous studies: the use sophisticated QM‐based methods to take into account both the internal energy of the ligand and the solvation effect, and the application of physically meaningful constraints to refine the bioactive conformation. On a set of 99 drug‐like molecules, we find that, contrary to previous observations, two thirds of bioactive conformations lie within 0.5 kcal mol−1 of a local minimum, with penalties above 2.0kcal mol−1 being generally attributable to structural determination inaccuracies. The methodology herein described opens the door to obtain quantitative estimates of the energy of bioactive conformations and can be used both as an aid in refining crystallographic structures and as a tool in drug discovery. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2009