bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A time course analysis through diapause reveals dynamic temporal patterns of microRNAs associated with endocrine regulation in the butterfly Pieris napi
Authors: Roberts Kevin T. , Steward Rachel A. , Süess Philip , Lehmann Philipp , Wheat Christopher W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOrganisms inhabiting highly seasonal environments must cope with a wide range of environmentally induced challenges. Many seasonal challenges require extensive physiological modification to survive. In winter, to survive extreme cold and limited resources, insects commonly enter diapause, which is an endogenously derived dormant state associated with minimized cellular processes and low energetic expenditure. Due to the high degree of complexity involved in diapause, substantial cellular regulation is required, of which our understanding primarily derives from the transcriptome via messenger RNA expression dynamics. Here we aim to advance our understanding of diapause by investigating microRNA (miRNA) expression in diapausing and direct developing pupae of the butterfly Pieris napi. We identified coordinated patterns of miRNA expression throughout diapause in both head and abdomen tissues of pupae, and via miRNA target identification, found several expression patterns to be enriched for relevant diapause‐related physiological processes. We also identified two candidate miRNAs, miR‐14‐5p and miR‐2a‐3p, that are likely involved in diapause progression through their activity in the ecdysone pathway, a critical regulator of diapause termination. miR‐14‐5p targets phantom, a gene in the ecdysone synthesis pathway, and is upregulated early in diapause. miR‐2a‐3p has been found to be expressed in response to ecdysone, and is upregulated during diapause termination. Together, the expression patterns of these two miRNAs match our current understanding of the timing of hormonal regulation of diapause in P. napi and provide interesting candidates to further explore the mechanistic role of microRNAs in diapause regulation.
The welfare effect of release timing of relative performance evaluation under quantity competition and asymmetric costs
Authors: Hamamura Jumpei , Ramani Vinay 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe examine the welfare effects of the endogenous decision and release timing of weight placed on the rival's profits under relative performance evaluation with quantity competition and asymmetric marginal costs. We find that when the advantaged firm decides and releases the weight as the leader, it always chooses a negative weight on relative performance evaluation, whereas the disadvantaged firm may choose a positive or negative weight depending on the degree of product substitution. Furthermore, we demonstrate that while all firms prefer to release weights early, this situation does not improve social welfare in several economic environments.
Algebra story problem: The nature of students' obstacles
Authors: Adu‐Gyamfi Kwaku , Chandler Kayla , Thompson Anthony 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe challenge posed by algebra story problems creates a significant hurdle for many students, transcending both the mathematical content of the problem and the specific instructional background received. This study offers a distinctive contribution to the existing literature by focusing on the cognitive conditions essential for comprehension in mathematics, aiming to identify obstacles to comprehension on algebra story problems. A total of 40 participants engaged in a one‐on‐one taskbased interview session, tackling algebra story problems of the students and professor variety. Analysis of the interview data uncovered three distinct categories of obstacles contributing to students formulating incorrect models of algebra story problems. The findings of this study offer detailed insights into these obstacle categories and present implications for future research.
Coordinating activation of endo‐lysosomal two‐pore channels and TRP mucolipins
Authors: Yuan Yu , Jaślan Dawid , Rahman Taufiq , Bracher Franz , Grimm Christian , Patel Sandip 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTwo‐pore channels and TRP mucolipins are ubiquitous endo‐lysosomal cation channels of pathophysiological relevance. Both are Ca2+‐permeable and regulated by phosphoinositides, principally PI(3,5)P2. Accumulating evidence has uncovered synergistic channel activation by PI(3,5)P2 and endogenous metabolites such as the Ca2+ mobilizing messenger NAADP, synthetic agonists including approved drugs and physical cues such as voltage and osmotic pressure. Here, we provide an overview of this coordination.
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Review of On-Farm Food Waste and Loss
Authors: McBreen Jackson 
Published: April 2024

The global challenge of food waste has gained increasing attention in recent years, highlighted by Sustainable Development Goal 12.3 to halve global food waste by 2030. On-farm practices are pivotal in influencing the amount of food lost before it reaches consumers. It is estimated globally that 15% of food is wasted before it leaves the farm. This project conducts a review of existing tools, technologies, management practices, and strategies designed to prevent, minimise, and manage on-farm food waste. This project is in collaboration with the Office of the Prime Minister’s Chief Science Advisor to support them with their upcoming report on food waste prevention.
Supervised by: Jacques de Satgé, Miranda Mirosa, Grace Clare
Reducing Emissions Caused by Student Air Travel to and from Dunedin
Authors: Muirsmeath Brooke 
Published: April 2024

Students travelling in between their city of study and their hometowns is one of the largest emissions generators for both the University of Otago, and the city of Dunedin as a whole (Rutherford & Cliff, 2023). To address this, this report will cover the question ‘How can an ‘event specific’ train to and from Dunedin be utilised to reduce the emissions created by student’s travel behaviour and what other benefits could this deliver for students and Dunedin?’ This inquiry aims to analyse solutions to the issue of emissions resulting from student travel, with a particular focus on travel between Dunedin and Christchurch for events and University breaks. Current underutilisation of existing rail and public transport infrastructure contributes to high rates of flying and driving. The effective use of rail is a key tool to reducing transport emissions, in its current state, the reinstatement of passenger rail is complex and facing barriers, the introduction of irregular passenger rail would aim to be a more feasible solution. This report endeavours to bridge the gap in formal research, offering insights into the viability of this method and provide further understanding to allow for more work to be done on the introduction of this service and additional supporting initiatives. This report may also provide insights for other possible institutions interested in implementing a similar service to further explore the idea.
Supervised by: Craig Cliff, Ray O’Brien
Scholarship Project Funded by: Dunedin City Council
Archival Research on Early Settler Relationship to Place
Authors: Virens Abbi , Belt Olivia 
Published: April 2024

This research project explores early settler relationships to place, land, and the environment in Dunedin from the mid to late 1800s. The project aims to provide a new perspective by looking at the affective responses of settlers to the environment/nature and how they helped create a sense of belonging. This project has drawn on various ephemera from the Hocken Collection, primarily settler letters and diaries, to analyze the emotional connections and/or disconnections being formed. The project highlights the individual relationships to place through these personal accounts. Themes reflected on in the project also include the idea of utopia and the physical ‘improvement’ of the landscape. Key questions have been asked, such as, how do we feel like we belong in place? Did the physical transformation help to make settlers feel at home? How do we (pākehā) belong to a place that is not ours, but constructed to be ours? Ultimately, this research project aims to understand the affective dimension of belonging by exploring the early settlers' emotional responses to place/environment in Dunedin.
Supervised by: Dr. Abbi Virens
Scholarship Project Funded by: Centre for Sustainability
Green Island Rummage Waste
Authors: Wilton Grace 
Published: April 2024

Secondhand shops are overlooked waste diverters in the sustainability sector, in order to measure their impact, my research seeks to understand their processes so that quantification strategies can be identified. The Green Island Rummage store is looking for data-gathering strategies so that the carbon emission reductions from their waste diversion efforts can be calculated. This is a difficult issue to tackle because of the pressures faced by secondhand shops due to limited resources. I interviewed local secondhand stores to identify barriers and strategies for waste diversion quantification and then surveyed Rummage employees to determine the applicability of potential measures. This research highlights the pressures being faced by secondhand stores and their significance in our move to a circular economy.
Supervised by: Ray O’Brien
Scholarship Project Funded by: Dunedin City Council
Deep resistivity geophysics of the San Juan–Silverton caldera complex, San Juan County, Colorado (USA)
Authors: Rodriguez Brian D. , Yager Douglas B. , Anderson Eric D. , Hoogenboom Bennett E. , Runkel Robert L. , Smith Bruce D. , Deszcz-Pan Maria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Magnetotelluric (MT) and audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) data are used to better understand the subsurface geology and mineral resources in the San Juan–Silverton caldera complex located near Silverton, Colorado, western United States, as part of the extensive southern Rocky Mountains volcanic field that covers much of southwestern Colorado and northern New Mexico. Seven MT and AMT profiles of varying lengths image resistivity structure to depths of ~5 km. The AMT inversion models characterize geophysical responses of near-surface lithologies, structures, and mineralized systems and also help corroborate airborne electromagnetic data at shallow levels. The MT inversion models extend our depth of investigation from near the surface to great depths (~5 km) and help to form hypotheses about roots of the hydrothermal plumbing that fed shallower mineralized systems. Subsurface high resistivities occur beneath intermediate-composition lava flows and Proterozoic units. Subsurface moderate- to low-resistivity values may reflect hydrothermal plumbing that served as flow paths for mineralizing fluids and metallic ore formation. The model interpretations presented in this study could be utilized in remediation planning or mineral resource applications. The methods used could be applied to other watersheds with similar volcanic environments containing acid-generating historical mines or hydrothermally altered and mineralized source rocks.
Some Discrete Tomography Problems in Hypergraph Model Interpretation
Authors: Sahakyan Hasmik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper we consider discrete tomography problems with an additional requirement of non-repeatability of rows of the binary matrix to be reconstructed; as well as discrete tomography problems with given pairwise projections. Representing the problems in the hypergraph model and pointing out their equivalence to the basic definitions, we state the following results: (i) nonconvexity of the set of hypergraphic sequences of simple hypergraphs with $$n$$ vertices and $$m$$ hyperedges in the $$n$$-dimensional $$m + 1$$-valued lattice, (ii) characterization of monotone Boolean functions associated with degree sequences of 3-/(n–3)-uniform hypergraphs, (iii) formulation of discrete tomography problems with paired projections, their connection to hypergraph degree sequence problem with generalized degrees, a solution for a particular case.
A bordo do carro da miséria
Authors: Longo Tatiana Maria 
Published: April 2024

Acompanhando o percurso genético de O carro cia Miséria de Mário de Andradey o artigo detêm-se nas 5 versões existentes no arquivo do escritor e recíipera trechos de outras versões em cartas. Apresenta, com aparato genético, o Ensaio clé interpretação de “O carro da Miséria” que o autor analisa seu poema.
Make Me a Picture of the Future: Massinissa Selmani's 1000 Socialist Villages (2015)
Authors: Llorens Natasha Marie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Contemporary artist Massinissa Selmani's installation 1000 Socialist Villages (2015) explores how a rural land distribution and urban planning initiative in Algeria known as “1000 Socialist Villages” dissipated into rumor. The analysis relies on Djaffar Lesbet's first-hand accounts of and extensive research on the 1000 Socialist Villages, as his archives and his testimony were crucial to Selmani's artistic research process. Through close reading of Selmani's aesthetic references to the classic school notebook used during the socialist period in Algeria (1965–1979) and by drawing on Karima Lazali and Daho Djerbal's work on literature and history Algeria, the paper argues that Selmani's installation portrays the unstable character of historiography in Algeria in the post-Liberation period, thereby challenging positivist approaches to decolonial reparation.
Changes in high-frequency aperiodic 1/f slope and periodic activity reflect post-stimulus functional inhibition in the visual cortex
Authors: Manyukhina Viktoriya O. , Prokofyev Andrey O. , Obukhova Tatiana S. , Stroganova Tatiana A. , Orekhova Elena V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
It has been shown that cessation of intensive sensory stimulation is associated with a transient increase in functional inhibition in the sensory cortical areas. However, the electrophysiological correlates of this post-stimulus inhibition in the human brain have not been thoroughly investigated. To investigate post-stimulus inhibition, we analyzed magnetoencephalogram (MEG) recorded at rest and after cessation of visual stimulation of varying intensity (high-contrast gratings drifting at a slow, medium, or high rate) in 25 healthy women aged 18–40 years. We analyzed condition- and intensity-related changes in MEG parameters sensitive to functional inhibition: periodic alpha-beta power, peak alpha frequency (PAF), and 1/f aperiodic slope. We also investigated the association of these parameters with sensory sensitivity and avoidance assessed by a questionnaire. To evaluate the influence of hormonal status on the studied parameters, participants were examined twice, during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle (MC). Regardless of the MC phase, increasing drift rate of visual gratings resulted in a proportional increase of post-stimulus posterior alpha-beta power, PAF, and a negative shift of the aperiodic (1/f) slope of the power spectrum in the high-frequency range. Compared to rest, the post-stimulus periods were characterized by higher PAF, more negative 1/f slope in posterior cortical areas, and a widespread increase in beta power. While condition- and drift-rate-dependent modulations of alpha-beta power and 1/f slope were correlated, changes in PAF did not correlate with either of them. A greater intensity-dependent increase in visual alpha-beta power predicted higher subjective sensory sensitivity/avoidance, suggesting stronger regulatory top-down modulation of the visual cortex in individuals with heightened sensitivity. Our results show that several MEG parameters concordantly indicate a post-stimulus enhancement of inhibition that is proportional to the intensity of the preceding visual stimulation. While post-stimulus changes in alpha-beta power and 1/f slope may share some common mechanisms, changes in PAF reflect a distinct aspect of inhibitory regulation. Our results inform potential inhibition-based biomarkers for clinical and translational research.
Assessing Flash Characteristics in Lightning-Initiated Wildfire Events between 1995 and 2020 within the Contiguous United States
Authors: Schultz Christopher J. , Bitzer Phillip M. , Antia Michael , Case Jonathan L. , Hain Christopher R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Twenty-six years of lightning data were paired with over 68 000 lightning-initiated wildfire (LIW) reports to understand lightning flash characteristics responsible for ignition in between 1995 and 2020. Results indicate that 92% of LIW were started by negative cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes and 57% were single stroke flashes. Moreover, 62% of LIW reports did not have a positive CG within 10 km of the start location, contrary to the science literature’s suggestion that positive CG flashes are a dominant fire-starting mechanism. Nearly ⅓ of wildfire events were holdovers, meaning 1 or more days elapsed between lightning occurrence and fire report. However, fires that were reported less than a day after lightning occurrence statistically burned more acreage. Peak current was not found to be a statistically significant delineator between fire starters and non–fire starters for negative CGs but was for positive CGs. Results highlighted the need for reassessing the role of positive CG lightning and subsequently long-continuing current in wildfire ignition started by lightning. One potential outcome of this study’s results is the development of real-time tools to identify ignition potential during lightning events to aid in fire mitigation efforts.
Reconceptualizing autonomic function testing in migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pavelić Antun R. , Zebenholzer Karin , Wöber Christian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) testing has aided in our ability to evaluate autonomic dysfunction in migraine patients. We reviewed the literature in multiple databases which investigate ANS function in migraine patients and healthy subjects.

Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the respective deep breathing, Valsalva manoeuvre, orthostatic and isometric challenge results, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) statements.

Results
Seven articles met all inclusion criteria. Fixed-effects meta-analysis showed migraine patients (n = 424), collectively, had lower interictal autonomic test results compared with healthy controls (n = 268). In detail, this was true for the standardized mean difference (g) of deep breathing (g= -0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.48, -0.16), orthostatic challenge (g= -0.28; 95% CI -0.44, -0.13) and isometric challenge (g= -0.55; 95% CI -0.71, -0.39) and for the difference of means (MD) of the Valsalva ratio (MD = -0.17; 95% CI -0.23, -0.10).

Conclusions
Interictal ANS dysfunction can be identified in migraine patients when compared to healthy controls. These findings indicate the importance to evaluate ANS function in migraine patients - especially, as migraine-specific prophylactic therapies (such as anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antibodies) may affect the function of the ANS.
Mutation mapping of a variegated EMS tomato reveals an FtsH-like protein precursor potentially causing patches of four phenotype classes in the leaves with distinctive internal morphology
Authors: Dechkrong Punyavee , Srima Sornsawan , Sukkhaeng Siriphan , Utkhao Winai , Thanomchat Piyanan , de Jong Hans , Tongyoo Pumipat 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Leaf variegation is an intriguing phenomenon observed in many plant species. However, questions remain on its mechanisms causing patterns of different colours. In this study, we describe a tomato plant detected in an M2 population of EMS mutagenised seeds, showing variegated leaves with sectors of dark green (DG), medium green (MG), light green (LG) hues, and white (WH). Cells and tissues of these classes, along with wild-type tomato plants, were studied by light, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. We also measured chlorophyll a/b and carotene and quantified the variegation patterns with a machine-learning image analysis tool. We compared the genomes of pooled plants with wild-type-like and mutant phenotypes in a segregating F2 population to reveal candidate genes responsible for the variegation.

Results
A genetic test demonstrated a recessive nuclear mutation caused the variegated phenotype. Cross-sections displayed distinct anatomy of four-leaf phenotypes, suggesting a stepwise mesophyll degradation. DG sectors showed large spongy layers, MG presented intercellular spaces in palisade layers, and LG displayed deformed palisade cells. Electron photomicrographs of those mesophyll cells demonstrated a gradual breakdown of the chloroplasts. Chlorophyll a/b and carotene were proportionally reduced in the sectors with reduced green pigments, whereas white sectors have hardly any of these pigments. The colour segmentation system based on machine-learning image analysis was able to convert leaf variegation patterns into binary images for quantitative measurements. The bulk segregant analysis of pooled wild-type-like and variegated progeny enabled the identification of SNP and InDels via bioinformatic analysis. The mutation mapping bioinformatic pipeline revealed a region with three candidate genes in chromosome 4, of which the FtsH-like protein precursor (LOC100037730) carries an SNP that we consider the causal variegated phenotype mutation. Phylogenetic analysis shows the candidate is evolutionary closest to the Arabidopsis VAR1. The synonymous mutation created by the SNP generated a miRNA binding site, potentially disrupting the photoprotection mechanism and thylakoid development, resulting in leaf variegation.

Conclusion
We described the histology, anatomy, physiology, and image analysis of four classes of cell layers and chloroplast degradation in a tomato plant with a variegated phenotype. The genomics and bioinformatics pipeline revealed a VAR1-related FtsH mutant, the first of its kind in tomato variegation phenotypes. The miRNA binding site of the mutated SNP opens the way to future studies on its epigenetic mechanism underlying the variegation.