bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of acellular dermal matrix allograft in minimal invasive coverage of deep burn wound with bone exposed – case report and histological evaluation
Authors: Gáspár Krisztián , Erdei Irén , Péter Zoltán , Dezsö Balázs , Hunyadi János , Juhász István 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA sandwich graft was applied to the debrided cortical bone layer of the tibia in the case of a 72‐year‐old male patient with full‐thickness necrotic burn injury. The combined graft consisted of a dermal template material and autologous split thickness skin graft. After application, the graft was found totally accepted and provided good functionality with acceptable appearance. Histopathologic evaluation revealed a complete take with revascularisation of the implant. Supporting lamellar bony trabecules were also seen in the deep dermal dermis representing a connection to the underlying bone. The use of the dermal matrix in deep burn exposing the bone provides a satisfactory functional result and good cosmetic appearance.
Penetrating zone II neck injury by broken windshield
Authors: Ozturk Kayhan , Keles Bahar , Cenik Ziya , Yaman Huseyin 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAll penetrating neck wounds are potentially dangerous and require emergency treatment because there are important vessels, nerves and organs in the neck. We present the case of a patient who had an unusual penetrating neck injury caused by a broken windshield, noticed accidentally. Because fragments of windshield glass consist of sharp material, and the neck contains vital structures, such penetrating neck injury may cause life‐threatening complications. Radiological examinations should be offered before the management of all neck wounds. The risk of retained foreign bodies and related complications can be prevented by using fluoroscopy during surgical exploration of the neck.
A tale of two populations: rotating radio transients and X-ray dim isolated neutron stars
Authors: Popov S. B. , Turolla R. , Possenti A. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
We highlight similarities between recently discovered rotating radio transients and X-ray dim isolated neutron stars. In particular, it is shown that X-ray dim isolated neutron stars have a birthrate comparable to that of rotating radio transients. On the contrary, magnetars have a formation rate that is too low to account for the bulk of the radio transient population. The consequences of the recent detection of a thermal X-ray source associated with one of the rotating radio transients on the proposed scenarios for these sources are also discussed.
MODELING THE SENSORY QUALITIES OF PROCESSED APPLES AFTER CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE AND FROZEN STORAGE1
Authors: SANFORD KATHERINE A. , MCRAE KENNETH B. , SCHURMAN NATALIE A. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACT Durational effects of controlled atmosphere storage (CA) and frozen storage on apple quality were studied for commercially processed pies made from Northern Spy, Idared and Nova Spy apples. Sensory tests on apple pie quality indicated that the duration of apples in CA significantly affected the quality of the processed apple. Extending the CA duration of the apples to 45 weeks resulted in a pie filling with reduced apple flavor, tartness and astringency, and with increased sweetness and off‐flavor. To minimize flavor/taste changes throughout the processing season, close attention must be given to the product's sugar/acid formulation: by week 27 for Idared apples and by week 33 for Northern Spy and Novaspy apples. The texture and appearance of processed Novaspy and Idared fruits were affected earlier in CA than Northern Spy apples. The frozen product was relatively stable for all three varieties, especially for apples processed early in the storage season (15–27 weeks). A strategy that utilizes short‐ to medium‐term CA with longer‐term frozen storage would optimize quality across the season.
DETERMINATION OF AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN OLIVES BY IMMUNOAFFINITY COLUMN USING HIGH‐PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: BIRCAN CAVIT 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACT Eighty‐two whole black olive samples gathered from six different olive oil processing facilities were surveyed to determine levels of aflatoxins using immunoaffinity column extraction and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Two different analytical procedures adopted for the analysis of aflatoxins were investigated for their suitability by spiking the blank olive samples with five different known levels of aflatoxins to determine which one had higher recovery rates. Although some of the olive samples had been exposed to adverse conditions, such as rain and high temperatures, none were found to contain aflatoxins at the determined detection limit. Although the samples were kept in high relative humidity (75%) and high temperature (30C) for 3 months and were tested at 1‐month intervals, no aflatoxins were detected. In addition, the olives were inoculated on a potato dextrose agar medium and incubated for 7 days at 25C to characterize the microflora. Because there is no evidence of aflatoxins in fresh whole olives, the next step of processing the contaminated olives into olive oils and testing them for the aflatoxins was not pursued.
QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF CANADIAN HARD WHITE SPRING WHEAT
Authors: AMBALAMAATIL SUMATHI , LUKOW ODEAN M. , MALCOLMSON LINDA J. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACT Quality characteristics of five pilot‐scale milled Canadian hard white spring wheats were compared to a No.1 grade commercial composite Canada Western Red Spring (1CWRS) wheat. One metric ton of samples was milled on the Canadian International Grains Institute pilot Buhler mill (Buhler AG, Uzwil, Switzerland) into straight‐grade (SG), 85% and whole wheat flours. At the SG extraction level, the white wheats with their lighter colored seed coats had improved milling yields (up to 2.6%) and lower ash (0.01–0.09%) than the 1CWRS control wheat. Majority of white wheat flours had higher protein contents than the 1CWRS control flours for all flour extractions. Based on dough rheological properties of the flours, three of the white wheats (Kanata, Snowbird and BW 275
) were equal to or better than the red 1CWRS control for nearly all farinograph and mixograph parameters at all flour extractions other than farinograph absorption. Two of the white wheat lines (RL 4863 and RL 4858
) had excessively weak and overly strong dough properties, respectively. Evaluation of pan bread, bagels and tortillas showed that white wheats generally produced end‐products that were comparable or superior to 1CWRS and that their most significantly positive quality compared to 1CWRS was their substantially lighter colored end‐products.
Purchasing Perf ormance Evaluation: An Investigation of Diff erent Perspectives
Authors: Chao Chiang‐nan , Scheuing Eberhard E. , Ruch William A. 
Published: April 2006

Purchasing professionals play essential roles in the purchasing decision‐making process, coordinating and guiding all buying team members to achieve the best performance of the group as a whole. This research project examines ten key purchasing performance measures as viewed by three types of players in the purchasing decision‐making processnamely, purchasing mangers, buyers, and internai customers.A key finding of the study is that the quality of purchased items presently is viewed as the most important measure, and that it should continue to be the most important measure for evaluating purchasing performance in the 1990s. It was also discovered that purchasing managers, buyers, and their internai customers hold different opinions about the measures of on‐time delivery, PO cycle time, accuracy, and professionalism. The purchasing function should evaluate the differences between the three groups with regard to these performance measures in order to effect continuous improvement and the implementation of effective, consistent purchasing strategies.Practicing managers, regardless of the function in which they work, can acquire some useful and practicai insights f rom this study by examining the weights assigned to the ten key purchasing performance measures. The views obtained f rom those participating in this study are very likely applicable in other environments as well. The last section of the study provides data that can be used in a computer program to evaluate purchasing performance.
Strategic Procurement and Competitive Advantage
Authors: Rajagopal Shan , Bernard Kenneth N. 
Published: April 2006

Since the mid‐1970s there has been a growing, if sporadic, interest in strategic approaches to the procurement process, with an emphasis on the scope for proactivity. However, there has been little consideration of the contribution that may be made to the overall competitive efforts of the organization.This article begins to address this missing link by going back to the fundamental objectives of the purchasing activity and by outlining a framework for the development of a competitive purchasing strategy. The main thrust of such a program centers on the integration of purchasing and procurement operations to satisfy the needs of direct and indirect customers, necessitating constructive management of both inter‐company and intra‐company relationships.The conclusion reached is that purchasing and marketing are not merely interdependent, but that making the “right” procurement decisions is a necessary ingredient in competitive success.
An Analysis of the Current Purchasing and Materials Management Educational Environment
Authors: Carter Joseph R. , Vellenga David B. 
Published: April 2006

What perceptual factors distinguish one purchasing program from another? Are there differences between the perceptions of academics and practitioners concerning the status and performance of purchasing programs? A questionnaire was mailed to a group of purchasing managers and academics asking them to evaluate certain aspects of the current academic environment. This produced a number of interesting results.Practitioners judge the quality of a purchasing program by the reputation of the faculty at the institution and the reputation of the curriculum. Not only do academies view these two criteria as valuable, but they add the research reputation of the institution to their set of useful criteria. With respect to faculty reputation, significant differences of opinion exist between practitioners and academics. For both groups the purchasing curriculum is judged by the content of the courses offered and not the number of courses offered in the program. Finally, if a school wants a successful purchasing program, it should stress job placement success.
Cost Containment Strategies: Challenges for Strategic Purchasing in the 1990s
Authors: Rajagopal Shan , Bernard Kenneth N. 
Published: April 2006

The development of cost containment strategies is becoming an essential source of differential advantage for firms. This article attempts to provide a conceptual framework for focusing on cost containment as an extension to the development of a coordinated procurement strategy. It further discusses the overlapping influences that determine the extent to which cost containment strategies can be implemented. The study then investigates various companies' approaches to devising cost containment strategies, identifying their structural fit, monitoring information for effective decision making, classifying parts so as to allocate resources effectively, and managing international external relationships to gain a competitive cost advantage.The conclusion reached is that cost containment can represent a viable objective for the procurement function itself, but it has still greater strategic importance in companies where procurement effectiveness is seen as a key to competitive advantage.
Influences on Industrial Buyers’ Choice of Products: Effects of Product Application, Product Type, and Buying Environment
Authors: Kauffman Ralph G. 
Published: April 2006

While there have been numerous attempts over a number of years to describe and analyze various aspects of the industrial buying process, comparatively little has been done to determine the effects of general product‐related factors on the choice of products by buyers. This article examines effects on the product evaluation and choice process of several such factors. Using a group of representative products, the effects of product application, general product type, and certain aspects of the buying environment are determined and analyzed. Implications for industrial buyers and for their product preferences are discussed.The author concludes that the product selection process is affected by product application and product type; subsequently, a general reference framework for the relative importance of product attributes is developed.
Total Quality Management and Supplier Partnerships: A Case Study
Authors: Stuart F. Ian , Mueller P. 
Published: April 2006

Many North American firms have established partnering arrangements with their suppliers for the purpose of improving the quality of their product or service offerings. Prior partnership research has emphasized implementation and results in the auto sector and has relied on either questionnaire survey data or anecdotal evidence to draw conclusions. Such a research methodology has produced some concern regarding supplier partnering applicability in other industry sectors—and also a perception that benefits achieved from such approaches may not mirror reality.Using a longitudinal field study, the results of one firm's use of supplier partnerships is examined from the perspective of continuous improvement in quality and productivity. The case study is unusual because both partnering and nonpartnering approaches were employed during the course of the study, providing data for contrasting statistical analysis. The study shows the actual benefits achieved in productivity and quality from the firm's supplier partnering activities. The implications for management, along with the difficulties encountered in relating to traditional purchasing philosophies, are discussed.
Commercial Buying Practices in the Department of Defense: Barriers and Benefits
Authors: Templin Carl R. , Heberling Michael E. 
Published: April 2006

This article compares the results of three research initiatives to identify obstacles that commercial firms in the electronics, space launch, and aircraft industries face in doing business with the defense department. It also assesses the benefits of using commercial buying practices. The research supports previous research findings that some obstacles, such as payment and specification problems, appear to be universal problems for firms dealing with government customers. However, just as the electronics, space launch, and aircraft industries have different industry characteristics, there are also unique defense procurement problems that restrict commercial firms in the industries from selling to the Department of Defense. The research suggests that while DoD should examine its overall contracting process and requirements to make it easier for commercial firms to accept and perform government contracts, it must also focus on industry unique obstacles to gain the greatest benefit.Even though there have been repeated calls for greater use of commercial purchasing practices in the Department of Defense (DoD), the actual adoption of such practices has been quite limited. This article explores the potential barriers and benefits of DoD use of commercial buying practices in the electronics, space, and aircraft industries.
Effective Cross‐Functional Sourcing Teams: Critical Success Factors
Authors: Trent Robert J. , Monczka Robert M. 
Published: April 2006

It is increasingly evident that firms can benefit from a new organizational structure that features suppliers, customers, and managers from different areas crossing functional lines and moving horizontally throughout the organization. Within the procurement process, cross‐functional teams have become a major part of this new organizational structure. Simply forming and using cross‐functional sourcing teams, however, is no guarantee of improved performance. As a result, firms must plan and manage carefully how they use this type of team.This article presents the findings and conclusions from a research project that addressed the factors impacting cross‐functional sourcing team performance. The factors critical to sourcing team success include the availability of key organizational resources, participation and involvement of selected suppliers when required, higher levels of internal and external decision‐making authority, effective team leadership, and higher levels of effort put forth on team assignments.
Quality Function Deployment: The Role of Suppliers
Authors: Ansari A. , Modarress Batoul 
Published: April 2006

Suppliers have a new and important role to play through quality function deployment (QFD), an increasingly used method of product development. QFD is based on teamwork and customer involvement from the conception stage of new product development through final delivery. The approach integrates marketing, design, engineering development, manufacturing, production, and purchasing efforts in a manner that helps manufacturers meet the new and pressing demands of the 1990s. These demands include developing and introducing successful new products in less time, at lower cost, and at higher quality than the competition.The purpose of this article is to offer a prescriptive approach for involving potential suppliers in the product development process that focuses on their roles in the different phases of QFD. These roles were developed in part based on the authors' personal interviews and written correspondence with corporate managers of quality, engineering, and purchasing, along with one of the author's direct involvement in various new product development projects using QFD.
A Managerial Guideline for the Development and Implementation of Purchasing Partnerships
Authors: Ellram Lisa M. 
Published: April 2006

The purchasing function in many United States‐based firms traditionally has maintained adversarial relationships with suppliers. As world markets become increasingly competitive, firms have discovered that close partnership relationships with important suppliers can produce managerial, technological, and financial benefits.This article presents a guide for firms interested in developing purchasing partnerships to follow in pursuit of those relationships. While this guide has not been empirically tested, it was developed on the basis of a thorough literature review coupled with the consistent findings of the author while conducting case studies of six firms involved in successful purchasing partnerships. The article concludes by suggesting the contribution that purchasing partnerships can make to the firm as a whole, as well as to the purchasing function of the firm.
Target Pricing—A Challenge for Purchasing
Authors: Newman Richard G. , McKeller John M. 
Published: April 2006

One of the most controversial aspects of purchasing operations is proving cost reductions and cost savings. Target pricing and its adjunct, target costing, solve this problem. Coming from Japan where the concept is used extensively, these tools allow the buyer to set the price of materials—and using ESI and value engineering, the target price reduces the cost of materials in the product. In addition, other areas of waste are identified and eliminated.To reach this goal, it is necessary for the buyer to determine those areas in which price reduction must take place to meet the target without compromising the integrity of the product or the profitability for the supplier. This article defines target pricing and looks at options available to reduce product cost from the supplier. Target pricing and target costing are the concepts that operationalize the concepts of ESI, VE/VA, and partnering.
Negotiating Cooperative Supplier Relationships: A Planning Framework
Authors: Rognes Jorn 
Published: April 2006

Win‐win negotiation and cooperative relations are popular concepts among many industrial buyers today. But companies accustomed to short‐term competitive relations with suppliers may find it difficult to adjust to the negotiation requirements of cooperative relations. If they fail to negotiate a high quality sustainable agreement, however, they may get locked into unproductive partnerships.This article applies a negotiation perspective to the challenges of establishing value‐chain partnerships with suppliers. The author argues that prenegotiation planning is critical for the establishment of a successful partnership, and he presents a framework for such planning. The article points to critical dilemmas in negotiating complex cooperative relationships with suppliers, discusses steps in planning for such negotiations, and examines procedural issues regarding the interaction with suppliers.
Activity‐Based Costing for Purchasing Managers’ Cost and Pricing Determinations
Authors: Lere John C. , Saraph Jayant V. 
Published: April 2006

Many suppliers are selectively using activity‐based costing (ABC) in their pricing determinations. Since price is often used as one of the major criteria when purchasing professionals select suppliers, understanding ABC and its use in pricing are important to purchasing managers.This article discusses how ABC differs from traditional costing (TC). These differences are illustrated through the use of an example. Finally, implications are drawn with respect to how purchasing managers might collect and use ABC data in dealing with suppliers.
A Structured Method for Applying Purchasing Cost Management Tools
Authors: Ellram Lisa M. 
Published: April 2006

Managing the cost of purchased goods and services continues to be one of the hottest issues in purchasing today. It has received a great deal of attention by top management, and in the press in periodicals such as Fortune and Harvard Business Review. As stated recently in Fortune magazine, “Simple fact: when the goal is boosting profits by dramatically lowering costs, a business should look first to what it buys.”1 The Fortune article goes on to give a number of suggestions for reducing costs, such as leveraging your buying power; committing to a handful of suppliers; and working together to reduce total cost. These broad suggestions are helpful in providing direction, yet they are not specific enough to help purchasers actually analyze the situations they may face.While buyers know that effectively managing the costs of purchases is important, there are many approaches to cost management. Pressure to complete a particular buy may prevent purchasers from using the right tool for the job.This article proposes a methodology to help purchasers determine what type of cost analysis technique should be applied to a particular purchase by:1. Developing a framework for classifying purchases2. Discussing which cost analysis techniques best support each classification in the framework3. Focusing on strategic cost management techniques
The Industrial Buyer and the Robinson‐Patman Act
Authors: Pinkerton Richard L. , Kemp Deborah J. 
Published: April 2006

Industrial Buyer. I like this supplier and want him to have my business, but I received a lower bid from a secondary supplier. I suspect the suppliers are engaging in price competition. Should I tell the favored supplier that I want him to have my business, but that his price is no longer low enough? If I do, will I get sued for knowingly engaging in price discrimination?Lawyer. Tell your favored supplier that you have a lower bid from a second suppler. Invite another bid from your favored supplier. Do not tell him the specifics of the other bid. You could be sued for engaging in price discrimination, but the second supplier would not win the lawsuit. Do you really want to risk the expense of having to defend a lawsuit brought under the Robinson‐Patman Act?This article explores the underlying answer to this question, along with a more general assessment of the significance of the Robinson‐Patman Act for the typical industrial buyer.