bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of elevated levels of thromboxane on host response to tumor
Authors: Waymack J. Paul , Fernandes Gabriel , Venkatraman Jaya , Flescher Eliezer , Yurt Roger W. , Guzman Ray F. , Mason Arthur D. , Pruitt Basil A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that human malignancies can synthesize large amounts of thromboxane. It has also been reported that thromboxane can significantly alter multiple components of physiologic and immunologic function. We investigated the effect of elevated levels of thromboxane on host response to tumor using multiple rat models, and the long acting thromboxane analogue U‐46619. Administration of the thromboxane analogue was not found to significantly alter the growth of primary tumors or peritoneal metastases. The analogue was found to significantly decrease mean survival time with a pulmonary metastases model. The thromboxane analogue failed to alter macrophage cytotoxicity, lymphocyte cytotoxicity, T lymphocyte subset numbers, or lymphocyte blastogenic response. Administration of the thromboxane analogue decreased the rate of lymphocyte metabolism of glucose and decreased lymphocyte intracellular adenosine deaminase activity. In conclusion, elevated thromboxane levels do not appear to alter primary tumor growth or host immune function, but do decrease resistance to pulmonary metastases.
Clinical and immunological evaluation of intraoperative radiation therapy for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yamaue Hiroki , Tanimura Hiroshi , Aoki Yozo , Tsunoda Takuya , Iwahashi Makoto , Tani Masaji , Tamai Mikiko , Noguchi Kohei , Kashiwagi Hideo , Sasaki Masakazu , Yamada Ryusaku 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clinical efficacy of intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) and the changes of immunological parameters were investigated. Nine patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer were treated with IORT (2,500‐3,500 cGy) and the changes of various immunological parameters were compared with those in 11 patients with advanced cancer who received external beam irradiation therapy (XRT), 2,500‐3,500 cGy. After IORT, 71% of patients obtained pain relief, two of the nine patients showed a partial response, and the serum CA 19‐9 level decreased in six patients. However, the median survival was only 210 days. Natural killer activity, lymphokine‐activated killer activity, and interferon γ‐activated killer activity were not inhibited by IORT, and phytohemagglutinin‐induced blastogenesis was actually augmented after IORT, whereas all these parameters were inhibited by XRT. Thus, it is suggested that IORT may augment or at least stabilize systemic antitumor immunity.
Iodine125 interstitial brachytherapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Fleischman Erik H. , Kagan A. Robert , Streeter Oscar E. , Tyrell Jon , Wollin Myron , Leagre Christopher A. , Harvey James C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a prospective study, 14 patients with primary non‐oat cell lung carcinoma were treated with intraoperative Iodine125 (I125) implantation of the lung tumor via lateral thoracotomy or median sternotomy. Staging mediastinal node dissection was performed in each case. Patients were selected when wedge or segmental resections were not technically feasible, such that lobectomy or completion pneumonectomy would have been required or pulmonary function studies were poor. Doses ranged from 8,000 cGy at the periphery to 20,000 cGy at the center. With a minimum 12 month follow‐up, mean and median survivals were 16.7 and 15.1 months, respectively. Local control was achieved in 10 of 14 patients (71%) with all local failures occurring in pathologic stage III patients. When separated according to tumor size, local control was obtained in six of seven tumors of less than 3 cm and four of five tumors of 3‐5 cm. Both cases with masses greater than 5 cm failed locally. There was one operative mortality and two postoperative complications. All other patients were discharged within one week of surgery. There was no radiation pneumonitis. I125 lung brachytherapy is an excellent alternative treatment for T1 and T2 tumors when medical conditions preclude curative resection.
Rapid drop in serum testosterone after bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy
Authors: Arcadi John A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBilateral subcapsular orchiectomy was performed in six patients with metastatic prostatic carcinoma. In these patients the serum levels of testosterone were determined serially up to twenty‐four hours. This is the first published report of such a rapid decrease in serum testosterone. Castrate levels of serum testosterone using the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH‐RH) agonists are achieved in fourteen to twenty‐one days. The relative cost of orchiectomy and LH‐RH agonists, for thirty‐six months, was $2,042.00 and $12, 780.00, respectively. LH‐RH agonists may be effective for only a year. Urologists are urged to continue using bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy and not use LH‐RH agonists in the management of metastatic prostatic carcinoma.
The relevance of a staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's disease in India
Authors: Dinshaw Ketayun A. , Pande Subodh C. , Shrivastava Shyam K. , Gonsalves Mary Ann , Advani Suresh H. , Gopal Ramkrishna , Shrikhande Sumati S. , Desouza Luceto J. , Jagannath P. , Desai Praful B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA retrospective analysis of 328 cases of Hodgkin's Disease (HD) subjected to a staging laparotomy at the Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay, India, from 1974 to 1986 was undertaken to assess its relevance to our setup. Eighty percent of the patients were from clinical stages (CS) I and II, 38% with lymphocyte predominance (LP), and 41% with mixed cellularity (MC) histologies. Staging laparotomy was positive in 60% cases overall, including 50% from CS IA and IIA, 68% from CS IB and IIB, and 53% and 67%, respectively, from LP and MC histologies. Splenic involvement was seen in 54% cases. Operative complications were encountered in 2% of cases and deaths in two cases only. In view of the high propensity for abdominal spread, only selected CS IA and IIA cases would merit a staging laparotomy within which, nearly 50% cases with a negative yield could be offered radical segmental irradiation alone for cure. The majority of our patients would, however, require combination therapy.
Arteriodigestive fistula: A complication associated with intraoperative and external beam radiotherapy following surgery for gastric cancer
Authors: De Villa Vanessa H. , Calvo Felipe A. , Bilbao Jose I. , Azinovic Ignacio , Balen Enrique , Hernandez Jose Luis , Pardo Fernando , A.‐Cienfuegos Javier 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntestinal hemorrhage due to arteriodigestive fistula is described to be a rare and serious complication of radiotherapy. Three cases of this type of fistula in gastric cancer patients treated with gastrectomy, intraoperative electron boost (15 Gy), and fractionated external beam irradiation (46 Gy) are reported. Selective angiography is most helpful in the diagnosis and immediate surgery could be lifesaving. An attempt to explain the etiopathogenesis is made.
Immunohistochemical characteristics of adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas
Authors: Motojima Koichi , Tomioka Tsutomu , Kohara Norihiro , Tsunoda Tsukasa , Kanematsu Takashi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix patients with adenosquamous carcinoma (ASqC) of the pancreas were studied clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically. In five of six ASqC tumors, both malignant squamous and glandular elements were reactive with CA 19‐9, ST 439, and keratin antibodies. In contrast, a portion of the glandular element in the remaining one ASqC was reactive with CA 19‐9 and ST 439 antibodies, but that of the squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) was not reactive. However, SqCC of this tumor was intensely reactive with keratin antibody. These immunohistochemical results suggest that the histogenesis in one ASqC tumor was different from that of the other 5 ASqCs, and that this tumor may be a collision tumor rather than transformation to SqCC from adenocarcinoma, which is a very rare pattern of histogensis in ASqC. The patients with ASqC of the pancreas showed shorter survivals following operations because of systemic metastasis including liver metastasis.
Total gastrectomy: Nutritional status after different reconstruction techniques. An experimental study
Authors: Destri Giovanni Li , Trombatore Giovanni , La Greca Gaetano , Rinzivillo Calogero , Rodolico Margherita , Desiderio Cinzia , Orsina Natale , Di Cataldo Antonio , Puleo Stefano 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe authors report their experimental studies on early nutritional changes in 30 gastrectomized rats where intestinal continuity was restored by three different reconstruction methods, i.e., exclusion of the duodenum from alimentary transit (Sweet‐Allen method), or duodenal recanalization (Longmire method) or double duodenal and jejunal recanalization (Moricca method). Ten sham operated rats were used as controls. Results showed that the group of rats which underwent Longmire's reconstruction presented better nutritional parameters (body weight gain, daily food intake, feeding efficiency, albuminemia) than the Moricca and Sweet‐Allen reconstruction groups. These results became statistically significant when follow up was extended to 18 months by using an actuarial method. However, perioperative mortality rate was highest in the Longmire reconstruction group.
Estrogen receptor in carcinoma in situ of the cervix
Authors: Chaudhuri Bina , Crist Keith A. , Mucci Samuel J. , Thomford Neil R. , Chaudhuri Prabir K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe lining epithelium of the human cervix uteri is an estrogen dependent tissue containing specific intracellular receptors for this hormone. However, the influence of estrogen on an early neoplastic lesion arising from this epithelium, such as carcinoma in situ of the cervix, has not been determined. We evaluated 24 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue specimens of cervical carcinoma in situ for the presence of estrogen receptor by the immunoperoxidase technique. The antigenic sites of estrogen receptor were exposed by DNAse treatment followed by peroxidase‐antiperoxidase (PAP) staining with monoclonal antibody against estrogen receptor. Parallel negative controls were run using negative control antibody and rat serum. Quality control for positive staining was performed using breast cancer tissue sections from specimens with known estrogen receptor detected by the radioreceptor method. Strongly positive staining was observed in all specimens in the nuclei of glandular epithelium, stromal cells, and basal and parabasal cells. However, nuclei within carcinoma in situ of the cervix showed no evidence of positive staining. Due to lack of specific intracellular receptor for estrogen, it appears that carcinoma in situ of the cervix will not be under direct influence of estrogen.
Search for anti‐metastatic therapy: Effects of phenytoin on B16 melanoma metastasis
Authors: Dyce Michael , Sharif Setareh F. , Whalen Giles F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ability to metastasize requires that tumor cells be able to degrade matrix. Nontoxic compounds that inhibit matrix digestion might be useful as anti‐metastatic agents. We have investigated whether phenytoin, a drug commonly used in clinical practice that inhibits the production of collagenase by some cells, inhibits metastases in a standard animal model of metastasis: In vitro, phenytoin inhibited the proliferative response of B16 F10 melanoma cells, to serum‐containing media (75% inhibition at 25 μg/ml) Treatment of these cells with phenytoin prior to inoculation in vivo did not inhibit tumor growth, implantation in a surgical wound, or incidence of spontaneous metastases from a primary tumor growing in the foot. Pretreatment of mice with phenytoin (15, 40, and 75 mg/kg/day) diminished pulmonary metastases following tail vein injection in a minimal but dose dependent fashion; mean number of pulmonary colonies 4.6 ± 3.1 (75/mg/kg/day) vs. 10.2 ± 9.9 (control). However, tumor growth, implantation, and spontaneous metastases were not inhibited by pretreating the mice with the same doses of phenytoin. It is concluded that phenytoin has an insignificant inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastasis.
Merkel cell carcinoma: Report of two cases and clinical considerations
Authors: Magrini Stefano M. , Bianchi Simonetta , Mungai Valiano , Biti Gianpaolo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe present the clinical and pathological features of two cases of facial Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and a critical reappraisal of the literature on this subject. Among patients with this presentation of a rare neoplasm, the disease is very often localized (local or locoregional growth, without distant metastases). Radiotherapy seems to be highly effective in obtaining local control and possibly cure, even when used as the sole treatment method; prompt regression of the neoplastic masses has been observed in both the cases we treated. One of them, and many of those reported in the literature and treated with radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery, achieved long‐term survival.
Urinary gonadotropin fragment measurements in patients with lung and esophageal disease
Authors: D'Agostino Richard S. , Cole Laurence A. , Ponn Ronald B. , Stern Harold , Schwartz Peter E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUrinary gonadotropin fragment (UGF), a small glycoprotein and an intracellular processing product of human chorionic gonadotropin, has been demonstrated in trophoblast tissue and in nontrophoblastic cancers. Levels of UGF were assayed in 107 patients with malignant and beinign pulmonary and esophageal lesions to determine if elevated levels were associated with the presence or progression of malignancy. There were 64 patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma, 9 with metastatic pulmonary malignancies, 7 with lymphoma, 2 with mesothelioma, 9 with esophageal carcinoma, 1 patient each with metastatic cancer to chest wall and carcinoid, and 14 patients with benign pulmonary and esophageal lesions. Sensitivity was only 24% for urine samples from patients with demonstrable cancer. Falsepositive rates were 6% and 12% for urine samples from patients with benign lesions and those without evidence of residual cancer following treatment, respectively. Although elevated levels of UGF are present in some patients with pulmonary and esophageal cancer it is neither sensitive nor specific enough for use as a tumor marker.
Thyroid carcinoma in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Miki Hitoshi , Oshimo Kazushi , Inoue Hiroyuki , Kawano Muneo , Morimoto Tadaoki , Monden Yasumasa , Yamamoto Yosuke , Kita Seizo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere have been few reports of coexistence of secondary hyperparathyroidism (2° HPT) and thyroid carcinoma. Eleven consecutive patients with 2° HPT who underwent parathyroidectomy were analyzed. They consisted of six males and five females, whose age ranged from 34 to 55 years. None of the patients had a history of irradiation of the head or neck. Associated thyroid nodules were also present in seven patients (64%): four patients with benign nodules, and three patients with papillary carcinomas, and one with papillary carcinoma and two follicular adenomas. This incidence of thyroid carcinoma in the patient group with 2° HPT (36%) was significantly higher than that of the autopsy group in the same geographical area (11%). The level of carboxyl‐terminal parathyroid hormone in the patients with thyroid carcinoma was higher than that in the patients without thyroid carcinoma (P < 0.05). The importance of searching for possible thyroid cancer in patients with 2° HPT should be emphasized.
Influence of preoperative treatment and surgical operation on immune function of patients with esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Tsutsui Shinichi , Morita Masaru , Kuwano Hiroyuki , Matsuda Hiroyuki , Mori Masaki , Okamura Seichi , Sugimachi Keizo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMultiple immunological parameters, including total lymphocyte count, lymphocyte subpopulations (CD2+, CD19+, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response, and natural killer (NK) activity, were measured in 66 patients with previously untreated esophageal carcinoma. The influence of preoperative treatment and/or surgical operation on the immune function were evaluated in 40 patients. The PHA response and NK activity of the patients with esophageal carcinoma were 229 ± 103 S.I.% and 18.5 ± 11.9% lysis, respectively, and were significantly depressed as compared with the control. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio, PHA response, and NK activity in stage IV were also significantly depressed compared to that in stages I‐III. Preoperative treatment induced significant reductions in the total lymphocyte count (1,994 ± 644 to 670 ± 274/mm3), PHA response (219 ± 77 to 159 ± 59 S.I.%), and NK activity (19.7 ± 13.2 to 11.1 ± 10.3% lysis) as well as a significant gradual decrease in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio (2.09 ± 1.42 to 0.69 ± 0.48), while the surgical operation significantly influenced only the total lymphocyte count. This study demonstrates that preoperative treatment induces a more pronounced influence on the immune function than surgical operation alone, in patients with esophageal carcinoma in which the immune function is disturbed prior to these treatments.
Clinicopathological significance of c‐erbB‐2 protein expression in human gastric carcinoma
Authors: Tateishi Masahiro , Toda Tomohiro , Minamisono Yoshikazu , Nagasaki Susumu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne hundred seventy‐nine primary human gastric tumors not associated with early cancer or noncurative resection were examined immunohistochemically for the expression of c‐erbB‐2 protein. Positive staining, regarded as an indication of gene amplification, was evident in 22 (12%) of the tumors. Of various clinicopathological factors considered, a statistically significant difference in association with frequency of expression was noted only for histological differentiation, as follows: 39% positive staining in papillary, 17% in well differentiated, 5% in moderately differentiated, and 4% in undifferentiated adenocarcinomas (P > 0.01). The 5‐year survival rates of patients with positive and negative c‐erbB‐2 staining were 57% and 59%, respectively. These findings indicate that, in the case of human gastric adenocarcinoma, expression of c‐erbB‐2 protein is correlated with tumor histological differentiation. Our results also suggest that the presence or absence of c‐erbB‐2 protein may not serve as a prognostic indicator, particularly in cases of adenocarcinoma of the stomach. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endobronchial interstitial Au‐198 implantation in the treatment of recurrent bronchogenic carcinoma
Authors: Tomberlin Janice K. , Halperin Edward C. , Kusin Peter , Leopold Kenneth , Bentel Gunilla , George Stephen , Powers Mark , Wolfe Walter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNineteen patients with non‐small‐cell bronchogenic carcinoma, recurrent following initial conventional external beam radiotherapy, were treated with endobronchial implantation of Au‐ 198 seeds. Seventeen patients were symptomatic with primary symptoms of persistent hemoptysis (9), bronchial obstruction (2), or worsening dyspnea (6). Two patients were asymptomatic and implanted for bronchoscopic evidence of tumor recurrence. The dose delivered was described by three dosimetric parameters: 1) the total activity implanted (m Ci); 2) the midbronchial dose point; and 3) the volume of tissue that received > 20 Gy. Response was determined based on a system reflecting the primary indication for the implant. Seven of nine (78%) presenting with hemoptysis, four of six (67%) with increasing dyspnea, and one of two with bronchial obstruction responded. The overall median survival was 5.25 months (2.5‐10 months 95% confidence interval). There was no clear correlation between any of the dosimetric pararneters evaluated and a clinical response to therapy. Technical complications related to the inability to penetrate the scirrhous tumor surface adequately often led to less than optimal dose distribution. Endobronchial Au‐ 198 implantation is associated with a poor calculated dose distribution but is, nonetheless, a relatively simple and comparatively inexpensive technique that often produces a clinical response and can be a useful option in the management of patients with recurrent bronchogenic carcinoma. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of indomethacin on acute radiation induced gastrointestinal injury: A morphologic study
Authors: Rose Peter G. , Halter Susan A. , Su Cheng M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRadiation induced intestinal injury is a dose limiting factor in the treatment of pelvic, abdominal, and retroperitoneal malignancies with radiation therapy. In experimental models, radiation has been associated with increased intestinal prostaglandin activity and in clinical trials prostaglandin inhibitors have been demonstrated to improve the symptoms of acute radiation enteritis. This study was conducted to determine if the prostaglandin inhibitor indomethacin could prevent the morphologic changes of acute radiation induced intestinal injury. Twenty‐four male rats received either parenteral indomethacin at doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg per dose every 12 hours or saline from 24 hours pre‐radiation exposure until sacrifice 48 hours later. Twenty‐four control animals received identical drug dosages and anesthesia but no radiation. Radiation produced a decreased villus/crypt ratio and increased acute inflammation and degeneration. Indomethacin treated animals demonstrated significantly less polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and decreased degeneration. Villus/crypt ratio was not affected by indomethacin. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of tumor size on monoclonal antibody uptake in a metastatic model
Authors: Yoshida Kazuhiko , Rivoire Michel L. , Divgi Chaitanya R. , Niedzwiechi Donna , Cohen Alfred M. , Sigurdson Elin R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe studied the effect of tumor size on monoclonal antibody (mAb) in a murine hepatic model. Intrasplenic injection of HT‐29 LMM metastatic human colon cancer cell line reproducibly results in hepatic metastases formation in congenitally athymic mice. HT‐29‐15, a murine mAb of the IgGI class reactive with the HT‐29 LMM cell line, and BL‐3, an isotype‐matched control mAb, were labeled with iodine 125. Labeled mAbs were injected intravenously into mice with hepatic metastases. Animals were sacrificed on day 5, and tumor and normal tissue weighed and counted. Specific mAb uptake (percent injected dose per gram, %ID/g) by hepatic metastases (5.16 ± 3.96) was significantly greater than nonspecific uptake (1.41 ± 0.42) (P < 0.001). %ID/g of tumor was dependent upon the mAb used, and was independent of tumor weight; consequently, a linear correlation between tumor weight and total uptake (%ID) for specific mAb (r = 0.88, P < 0.0001) and nonspecific mAb (r = 0.99, P < 0.0001) administration was demonstrated. We have shown both specific and nonspecific mAb uptake per gram of tumor to be a constant for the given mAb/tumor system and with uptake of mAb to be linearly related to tumor weight. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.