bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of Concordance between the 75-g and 100-g Glucose Load Tests for the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mello Giorgio , Elena Parretti , Ognibene Agostino , Cioni Riccardo , Tondi Filippo , Pezzati Paola , Pratesi Monica , Scarselli Gianfranco , Messeri Gianni 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is common and can have a substantial impact on fetal growth, birth weight, and morbidity. The American Diabetes Association recommends GDM testing with either a 3-h, 100-g glucose load (100g) (criteria according to Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;144:768–73) or a 2-h, 75-g glucose load (75g). We investigated the comparability of the 75g and the 100g tests in the diagnosis of GDM.
Methods: From January 1997 to December 1999, in 1061 consecutive Caucasian nonobese and nondiabetic pregnant women who attended the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit, we performed GDM testing with a 75-g load during 2 periods of pregnancy: early (16–20 weeks) and late (26–30 weeks). Because we assumed there would be few GBM cases in women with a 1-h plasma glucose &lt;1300 mg/L in the 75g test, we did not retest these women. We retested the remaining women with possible or diagnosed GDM with a 100-g load within a week.
Results: GDM was diagnosed in 41 of 227 women with the 100-g load and 15 of 227 with the 75-g load (11 concordant); the κ index was 0.21. At 26–31 weeks of pregnancy, 484 of 976 women (49.9%) underwent both tests. GDM was diagnosed in 60 of 484 woman with the 100-g load and in 26 of 484 with the 75-g load (13 concordant); the κ index was 0.18.
Conclusions: Among women with possible GDM in both early and late periods of pregnancy, there was only weak diagnostic agreement between results determined with 75-g and 100-g glucose loads.
Impact of the CDC’s Section 317 Immunization Grants Program Funding on Childhood Vaccination Coverage
Authors: Rein David B. , Honeycutt Amanda A. , Rojas-Smith Lucia , Hersey James C. 
Published: July 2006

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Section 317 Grants Program is the main source of funding for state and jurisdictional immunization programs, yet no study has evaluated its direct impact on vaccination coverage rates. Therefore, we used a fixed-effects model and data collected from 56 US jurisdictions to estimate the impact of Section 317 financial assistance immunization grants on childhood vaccination coverage rates from 1997 to 2003. Our results showed that increases in Section 317 funding were significantly and meaningfully associated with higher rates of vaccination coverage; a $10 increase in per capita funding corresponded with a 1.6-percentage-point increase in vaccination coverage. Policymakers charged with funding public health programs should consider this study’s findings, which indicate that money allocated to vaccine activities translates directly into higher vaccine coverage rates.
Factors Influencing the Local Distribution of Peromyscus californicus in Northern California
Authors: Merritt Joseph F. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Factors influencing the local distribution of Peromyscus californicus in northern California were investigated. Analysis of stomach contents and laboratory feeding experiments indicated that seeds of Umbellularia californica are a dietary staple. Rates of water consumption of P. californicus were compared in the laboratory with those of P. truei, which shares a similar habitat. An association of P. californicus with the large surface dens of Neotoma fuscipes was found. The restricted geographic distribution of P. californicus may be attributable in part to an interaction of ecological factors associated with the California laurel complex.
Halogen‐free flame retardant epoxy resins from hybrids of phosphorus‐ or silicon‐containing epoxies with an amine resin
Authors: Liu Ying‐Ling , Chang Gung‐Pei , Wu Chuan‐Shao 
Published: July 2006

AbstractEpoxy–melamine hybrid resins were obtained from in situ polymerization of siliconized (SE500) and phosphorylated (PE690) epoxy resins with hexakis(methoxymethyl)melamine (HMMM). The hybrid resins having HMMM contents less than 15 wt % exhibited high transparency and homogeneity. The compatibilities between SE500 and melamine as well as that between PE690 and melamine were poor than the compatibility between general bisphenol‐A epoxy and melamine. Incorporation of HMMM altered the degradation mechanisms and enhanced the thermal stability of the epoxy resins, especially for PE690 based resins. Excellent flame retardant property was observed with the hybrid resins because of the SiN and PN synergisms of flame retardation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1071–1077, 2006
Responding to and treating negative interpersonal processes in suicidal depression
Authors: Stellrecht Nadia E. , Jr. Thomas E. Joiner , Rudd M. David 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe authors discuss the active engagement of suicidally depressed individuals in several interpersonal processes that elicit the rejection of others and withdrawal of interpersonal support. In addition, such processes may increase future risk for suicidal behavior. These processes include ways in which suicidal individuals group themselves (e.g., assortative relationship formation) and relate to others (e.g., help negation, negative feedback seeking, excessive reassurance seeking). Implications of these behaviors for the therapeutic setting are discussed, as well as potential ways to respond to and treat them. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 1129–1140, 2006.
The differential binding of antibody from the sera of patients with pemphigus and pemphigoid to isolated guinea-pig epidermal cells
Authors: BRIGDEN W.D , AMOS H.E 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
A method for preparing isolated epidermal cells using trypsin is described. The isolated cells retain the ability to bind antibody from patients with pemphigus or with pemphigoid in a disease-specific manner.
A comparison of IgA positive and IgA negative dapsone responsive dermatoses
Authors: FRY LIONEL , WALKDEN VALERIE , WOJNAROWSKA FENELLA , HAFFENDEN G. , McMINN R. M. H. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
A study of thirty-three patients with a clinical diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) referred to our DH clinic over the last 11 years is reported. Twenty-six were referred by other consultant dermatologists. The diagnosis had been made by the clinical features and response of the rash to dapsone. Seventeen patients were found to have IgA in the uninvolved skin (IgA positive) and in sixteen no IgA was found (IgA negative). The duration of the rash prior to referral to the DH clinic was 3 months to 19 years (mean 5.0 years) for the IgA negative patients and 2 months to 22 years (mean 5.2 years) for the IgA positive group. The length of follow-up was 3 months to 11 years (mean 5.0 years) for the IgA negative, and 2–11 years (mean 5.6 years) for the IgA positive group. During follow-up the rash cleared completely and required no treatment in seven of the sixteen IgA negative patients. Thirteen of these sixteen patients no longer required dapsone, but six patients were receiving alternative treatment. In the three patients still taking dapsone IgA has not been found on subsequent biopsy. Of the seventeen IgA positive patients only three were able to stop dapsone during follow-up and in these three the IgA was still detected in the skin. Small intestinal mucosa was abnormal in eight of eleven IgA positive patients, but was normal in all thirteen IgA negative patients in whom jejunal biopsies were performed.
An alternative diagnosis to DH has subsequently been made in thirteen of the sixteen IgA negative patients. Although the significance of IgA in the skin in DH is not known it appears to be part of the disease process. Patients who have a rash suggestive of DH and which is dapsone responsive, but in whom IgA is not found in the uninvolved skin, usually turn out to have a dermatosis other than dermatitis herpetiformis.
Referral to a unit with expertise in immunofluorescence techniques of skin biopsies would appear to be helpful.
The guinea-pig: an animal model for human skin absorption of hydrocortisone, testosterone and benzoic acid?
Authors: ANDERSEN KLAUS E. , MAIBACH HOWARD I. , ANJO MARK D. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
14C ring-labelled hydrocortisone, testosterone and benzoic acid dissolved in acetone were applied to the backs of guinea-pigs (4 μg/cm2). Percutaneous absorption was quantified by following the excretion of tracer in urine and faeces for 5 days. Absorption of hydrocortisone and benzoic acid was 2.4% (s. d. = 0.5; n = 3) and 31.4% (s. d. = 9.1; n = 3) of the applied dose respectively, similar to published human absorption data. Testosterone was absorbed to a greater extent in guinea-pigs (34.9%± 5.4; n = 5) than man.
A thioglycollate based depilatory cream significantly increased the skin absorption of testosterone, while the absorption velocity was unaltered.
Two analytical methods were compared, direct counting versus wet ashing; results were in the, same range for the three compounds. Two methods of quantifying skin absorption were compared; urine recovery corrected for incomplete urinary excretion after parenteral administration versus the addition of urine and faecal recovery. For benzoic acid, excreted mainly in the urine (88.1 %), the two methods gave similar results; for testosterone, excreted in the urine to a lesser extent (46.8%), the method of addition of urine and faecal recovery appeared to be more correct.
Mixed connective tissue disease characterized by speckled epidermal nuclear IgG deposition in normal skin
Authors: BENTLEY-PHILLIPS C. B. , GEAKE T. M. S. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
Four African female patients are described, who presented with the features of systemic sclerosis. Overlapping features of lupus erythematosus or dermatomyositis were present in three cases but were not prominent. Direct immunofluorescence of uninvolved skin revealed a particulate (or speckled) epidermal nuclear staining, with specificity for IgG. In view of the reported association between this finding and mixed connective tissue disease, these patients were treated with corticosteroids and marked improvement occurred in all cases. The usefulness of this investigation in making the distinction between systemic sclerosis and mixed connective tissue disease and in indicating a potentially effective form of therapy is discussed.
Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis with multiple cutaneous mastocytomas
Authors: WILLEMZE R. , RUITER D. J. , SCHEFFER E. , VAN VLOTEN W. A. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
A patient with diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis, present since birth, developed several cutaneous mastocytomas without any symptoms after puberty. Although the histological picture of the tumours, showing nuclear atypia, mitotic figures and varying metachromasia of the granules, raises suspicion of systemic involvement, this has not appeared so far.
The absence of symptoms could be due to the synthesis of an abnormal secretory product by the mast cells, which is supported by the absence of oedema and dilated blood vessels in the presence of extensive degranulation and by the unusual ultrastructural picture of the mast cell granules, i. e. little electron density with the almost complete absence of lamellar and crystalline structures.
Azathioprine therapy in the management of persistent erythema multiforme
Authors: JONES R.RUSSELL 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
Two cases of recurrent erythema multiforme of unknown aetiology are reported. The term ‘persistent’ is appropriate as the lesions recurred whenever steroid therapy was discontinued. Both patients were eventually controlled with azathioprine alone, and one patient required treatment for 3 years.
Scanning electron microscopy of dermal elastic fibres in transverse section
Authors: TSUJI TAKUO 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
The fibrous networks of dermal elastic fibres have been studied in transverse section using a scanning electron microscope. In the uppermost dermis the elastic fibres have no free endings, but form a reticulate appearance by connecting with each other. In the mid-dermis the fibres run parallel to the epidermal surface, aligning in the same direction. In the lower dermis many of the fibres are organized into broad thin sheets with numerous branches.
Treatment of erythroplasia of Queyrat with liquid nitrogen cryosurgery
Authors: SONNEX T.S. , RALFS I.G. , DE LANZA MARIA PLAZA , DAWBER R.P.R. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
Erythroplasia of Queyrat is now generally considered to be Bowen's disease of the glans penis. The literature is reviewed and the need for a treatment that is destructive to abnormal tissue yet cosmetically acceptable is stressed.
Cryosurgery appears to be a very appropriate form of treatment for this condition – its effectiveness was demonstrated in two cases.
Antigen-presenting capacity in normal human dermis is mainly, subserved by CDla+ cells
Authors: SEPULVEDA-MERRILL C. , MAYALL S. , HAMBLIN A.S. , BREATHNACH S.M. 
Published: July 2006

Summary
A proposed role for antigen-presenting dermal dendrocytes in the pathogenesis of many dermal inflammatory skin diseases remains speculative. We therefore sought to determine the phenotype and functional characteristics of antigen-presenting cells isolated from normal human dermis. Normal adult human skin was incubated overnight with dispase at 4°C, the epidermis was removed, and the residual dermal preparation was then minced and digested with a mixture of hyaluronidase, collagenase, and DNAase at 37°C, prior to filtration through mesh. Dermal cell suspensions thus obtained were stained using specific monoclonal antibodies, and analysed by fluorescence micro- scopy or flow cytometry. Mean values were as follows: CD45+ leucocytes 39%, HLA-DR+ cells 39%, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I+ endothelial cells 26%, CD1a+ cells 3.9%, CD11b+ cells 16%, CDllc+ cells 6%. Mitomycin C-treated crude dermal cell suspensions induced allostimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a 7-day culture, as assessed by 3H-TdR incorporation. Depletion of CDla+ Langerhans-like cells from the dermal cell preparation, by 95, 74 and 90% in three separate experiments using immunomagnetic beads, reduced 3H-TdR incorporation at optimal responder-to- stimulator cell ratios by 90, 64, and 87%, respectively. Our findings suggest that, in normal human dermis, the great majority of the alloantigen-presenting capacity resides in the CDla+ Langerhans cell-like dendritic antigen-presenting cell population, and not to any great extent in either CDla− macrophage-like cells, or HLA-DR+ endothelial cells. The relationship of the CDla+ dermal antigen presenting cells to the Langerhans cell lineage remains to be determined.
Localization of transforming growth factor-alpha RNA and protein in the skin of psoriatic patients receiving therapy
Authors: WATTS P. , STABLES G.S. , AKHURST R.J. , MACKIE R.M. 
Published: July 2006

Summary
Fourteen patients with chronic plaque psoriasis requiring in-patient therapy were treated with a variety of antipsoriatic agents. All had four skin biopsies taken: two prior to therapy, one from a psoriatic plaque and one from adjacent clinically normal skin, and two further biopsies, one 2–3 weeks after starting therapy, and one at clinical clearance, taken from an area where there was previously a psoriatic plaque. In addition, three biopsies were taken from clinically normal skin of non-psortatics.
Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) RNA and protein distributions were estimated in these biopsies, using in situ hybridization with a cRNA TGF-α probe, and an antibody to TGF-α polypeptide. Prior to therapy, grain counts showed elevated levels of TGF-α RNA in the subcorneal layers of the epidermis. These levels decreased during clearance of the psoriasis. In one patient whose plaques did not clear, there was no decrease of TGF-α mRNA.
Antibody studies showed the presence of TGF-α polypeptide in the epidermis prior to therapy, with a relative concentration of immunoprotein in the upper epidermal layers, compared with a more uniform distribution of immunoprotein after treatment, and in uninvolved skin of the same psoriatic patient.
These studies extend our knowledge of the relationship between TGF-α and psoriatic skin.
Pigmented follicular cyst
Authors: SANDOVAL R. , URBINA F. 
Published: July 2006

Summary
A pigmented follicular cyst is an infrequent variant of an epithelial cyst which has rarely been reported since it was first described about 10 years ago. The condition consists of a single pigmented lesion which occurs predominantly in adult men, and is usually located on the head and neck region.
We report an example of a pigmented follicular cyst, which was located in the axilla.
A Bronze Olpe from the Myrmekion Hoard
Authors: Butyagin Alexander , Treister Mikhail 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA bronze olpe in which a hoard of cyzicenes was found in 2003 in Myrmekion is discussed. The vessel belongs to a group of bi-conical bronze olpai singled out by Thomas Weber as Type III. B and should be dated to the first half, or possibly the second quarter, of the 5th century BC (the hoard in the olpe was hidden in the second quarter of the 4th century BC). Further the hoards of coins in bronze olpai and hoards of cyzicenes in bronze vessels are discussed, including the find of 1989 during excavations at Vaste in Messapia of a similar bronze olpe, where the core of the hoard consisted of coins minted in Tarentum between 272 and 235 BC. It is highly likely that certain similarities with regard to the long gaps between the concealment of the hoards in the bronze olpai and the date of the manufacture of the actual vessels mean that in both cases the hoards can be linked with temple treasuries, in which olpai figured prominently.
Improved Fisheries Co-Operation: Sino-Vietnamese Fisheries Agreement for the Gulf of Tonkin
Authors: Xue Guifang 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper discusses fisheries co-operation between China and Vietnam for the Gulf of Tonkin. It first reviews their fisheries relations to illustrate how their overall political relations affected the management of their shared stocks and resulted in a negative impact on the progress that led to the conclusion of the Sino-Vietnamese Fisheries Agreement. It then analyses the management measures pertaining to the Agreed Zones under this Agreement, and emphasises the improvement of its co-operation mechanism for the long-term utilisation of shared resources. The paper highlights the achievements of the Agreement and pinpoints the crucial role of implementation to the success of the fisheries co-operation.
Harmonisation in the Baltic Sea Region
Authors: Kirk Elizabeth , Silfverberg Harriet 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper explores harmonisation of international regimes, in particular the factors that impact on it in practice. These issues are explored in the context of the harmonisation project undertaken by HELCOM in 2000–01. As will be demonstrated there are four main factors that influence the likelihood of harmonisation of measures. Of these the one most likely to promote harmonisation is pragmatism. The other three—geographic, economic and political factors—are all more likely to tilt against harmonisation than for it.
Antibodies to outer root sheath of hair
Authors: SAURAT J. H. , DIDIERJEAN LILIANE 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
By screening 1500 sera obtained from patients undergoing a bone marrow graft, five sera have been selected which contained antibodies to the basal cell layer (B. C. L.) of the outer root sheath (O. R. S.) of hair follicles. It was demonstrated that these sera reacted with the B. C. L. of the O. R. S. but not with the B. C. L. of the adjacent epidermis. The change in antigenic properties was situated at the orifice of the sebaceous gland canal; thus basal cells below this orifice express an antigen distinct from those expressed by the epidermal basal cells. This is a novel example of tissue specific differentiation antigens that are linked to the type of keratinocyte differentiation.
Facial follicular porphyrin fluorescence: correlation with age and density of Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: McGINLEY KENNETH J. , WEBSTER GUY F. , LEYDEN JAMES J. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
The incidence and distribution of facial follicular porphyrin fluorescence was studied in a large group of subjects ranging in age from 1 to 90 years. Fluorescence appears first on the nose and chin, increases in incidence through adulthood and declines after the age of 50 possibly reflecting the rate of sebum secretion. We have shown that the intensity of fluorescence is proportional to the P. acnes population and confirmed that coproporphyrin III is produced in vivo.
South American pemphigus foliaceus: electron microscopy and immunoelectron localization of bound immunoglobulin in the skin and oral mucosa
Authors: SOTTO MIRIAN N. , SHIMIZU SUMIE HOSHINO , COSTA JULIA MARIA , DE BRITO T. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
Five skin and two oral biopsies from patients with South American pemphigus foliaceus (SAPF) were studied by electron and immunoelectron microscopy for the ultrastructural localization of bound immunoglobulin in epidermal and oral lesions.
Electron microscopy showed the tonofilament-desmosome complex to be preserved in the various layers of the epidermis. Immunoglobulin was bound over the plasma membrane and permeated the desmosomal junctions both in the skin and oral mucosa, thus suggesting that pemphigus antibodies are attached to the glycocalyx. It appears that the initial injury in SAPF acantholysis involves the glycocalyx and that it might be caused by interaction with intercellular antibodies present in the patient's serum.
Plasma zinc in psoriatic in-patients treated with local zinc applications
Authors: MORGAN M. E. IMOGEN , HUGHES MARTINE A. , MCMILLAN E. M. , KING I. , MACKIE RONA M. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYZinc is a major component of many local skin applications. An investigation into its systemic absorption in thirty-one psoriatic hospital in-patients is reported. Plasma zinc, copper and whole blood delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase were followed before and during in-patient treatment over 14 days. No significant alteration in these parameters was detected.Significantly reduced plasma zinc levels were found in the patients compared to a matched control population.
A comparative study of toxic erythema of pregnancy and herpes gestationis
Authors: HOLMES R.C. , BLACK M.M. , DANN J. , JAMES D.C.O. , BHOGAL B. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARY
We compared the clinical features, histopathology, immunopathology and immunogenetics of 30 patients with toxic erythema of pregnancy and 24 patients with herpes gestationis. Although we found some clinical and histopathological overlap we highlighted several important differences. In toxic erythema of pregnancy prominent striae were frequently present. Herpes gestationis was suggested by the occurrence of periumbilical lesions, acute exacerbations immediately after delivery, and persistence of the eruption for more than 3 weeks post-partum. In herpes gestationis, immunofluorescence studies were consistently positive, there was a high frequency of HLA-B8 and an association with autoimmune thyrotoxicosis. Toxic erythema of pregnancy did not share these immunological features. Therefore we feel that toxic erythema of pregnancy and herpes gestationis should continue to be classified as separate disorders.