bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cosmetic Rostral Nasal Reconstruction After Nasal Planum and Premaxilla Resection: Technique and Results in Two Dogs
Authors: GALLEGOS JAVIER , SCHMIEDT CHAD W. , McANULTY JONATHAN F. 
Published: September 2007

Objective— To describe a novel reconstructive technique after nasal planum and premaxilla resection.Study Design— Case report.Animals— Dogs (n=2) with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nasal planum.Methods— A 9‐year‐old neutered female Labrador retriever (dog 1) and an 11–year‐old neutered male Golden retriever (dog 2) had resection of the nasal planum and premaxilla for treatment of locally invasive SCC. Reconstruction of a nasal planum facsimile was based on use of the nonhaired pigmented margins of bilateral labial mucocutaneous rotation‐advancement flaps.Results— Reconstruction of the premaxilla by construction of a nasal planum facsimile resulted in uncomplicated wound healing and improved cosmesis. There was no tumor recurrence at 1290 (dog 1) and 210 (dog 2) days after surgery.Conclusion— Reconstruction of a nasal planum facsimile was successfully performed without complications in 2 dogs with high owner satisfaction with cosmetic appearance.Clinical Relevance— This technique represents a significant advancement in surgical cosmetic outcome, may potentially reduce postoperative complications, and should be considered for dogs requiring nasal reconstruction after nasal planum resection with premaxillectomy.
Radiographic Measurement of the Proximal and Distal Mechanical Joint Angles in the Canine Tibia
Authors: DISMUKES DAVID I. , TOMLINSON JAMES L. , FOX DEREK B. , COOK JAMES L. , SONG KUG JU EDDIE 
Published: September 2007

Objective—To describe a method for radiographic measurement of proximal and distal mechanical joint angles of the canine tibia. Normal ranges were established for a population of dogs, and specifically, Labrador retrievers, with cranial cruciate ligament rupture.Study Design—Retrospective study.Sample Population—Tibiae (n=105) of dogs evaluated for cranial cruciate ligament rupture; 70 tibiae were from Labrador retrievers, 35 tibiae were from other breeds.Methods—Anatomic landmarks were established and craniocaudal radiographs were used to measure the mechanical medial proximal (mMPTA) and distal (mMDTA) tibial angles in the frontal plane.Results—Means (±SD) for all tibiae were mMPTA, 93.30±1.78°, and mMDTA, 95.99±2.70°. For Labrador retrievers, means were mMPTA, 93.38±1.81°, and mMDTA 96.34±2.51°. No significant differences were detected between Labrador Retrievers and non‐Labrador retrievers with respect to mMPTA (power=0.5) or mMDTA (power=0.342). Labrador Retrievers were significantly younger than non‐Labradors (P=.003).Conclusion—A method for measurement of the mechanical joint angles of the canine tibia in the frontal plane was established and reference ranges for a population of dogs and Labrador Retrievers with cranial cruciate ligament rupture are reported.Clinical Relevance—The established method of measurement and references ranges can be used to aid in diagnosis, determining indications, and surgical planning for angular limb deformities of the tibia, especially when affected bilaterally. The methodology and reference values may also be used for postoperative critique.
Hyptis pectinata essential oil: chemical composition and anti‐Streptococcus mutans activity
Authors: Nascimento PFC , Alviano WS , Nascimento ALC , Santos PO , Arrigoni‐Blank MF , De Jesus RA , Azevedo VG , Alviano DS , Bolognese AM , Trindade RC 
Published: September 2007

Objectives:  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti‐Streptococcus mutans activity of Hyptis pectinata essential oil, and present its promising potential against oral diseases.Materials and methods:  The essential oil of H. pectinata was obtained by hydrodistillation from dried leaves and analyzed by GC / MS. The effectiveness of this essential oil regarding the antimicrobial activity against several S. mutans strains was investigated by the agar diffusion and microdilution methods, and chlorohexidine was used as a standard control.Results:  The H. pectinata essential oil exhibited considerable inhibitory effect against either all the clinical isolates obtained from patients’ saliva or the ATCC strains tested, with minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of 200 μg ml−1. The study also compared the efficiency of the emulsifying agents Tween 20, Tween 80, dimethyl sulfoxide and propylene glycol in H. pectinata essential oil when tested against S. mutans. The data obtained confirmed the better inhibitory effect of the oil when using all tested diluents, although Tween 80 seemed to be more suitable for emulsification.Conclusion:  According to our results, H. pectinata essential oil can be considered a promising alternative to chlorhexidine for the control of oral bacteria‐related diseases and hygiene.
Hypertension, vascular cognitive disorders and neuroprotection
Authors: Hadjiev Dimiter , Mineva Petya 
Published: September 2007

Objective:The role of the antihypertensive therapy in preventing vascular cognitive disorders in elderly persons without a history of stroke is a matter of debate. This review focuses on cognitive disorders in elderly hypertensive patients.Methods:Relevant papers were identified by searches in PubMed from 1946 until February 2007 using the keywords ‘cerebral blood flow autoregulation’, ‘vascular cognitive disorders’, ‘neuroimaging in hypertension’, ‘antihypertensive treatment’ and ‘neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia’.Results:Excessive blood pressure lowering in patients with long-standing hypertension may increase the risk of cerebral hypoperfusion, white matter lesions and consequent cognitive decline. White matter lesions have been found in the majority of patients with long-standing hypertension. They correlate with vascular cognitive disorders, particularly impairments of attention and executive function, while memory is relatively preserved. Cerebral small vessel disease in elderly patients should be taken into account when antihypertensive treatment is considered. Renin–angiotensin blockade, some calcium channel blockers and statins are thought to possess neuroprotective action.Conclusion:For prevention of cerebral hypoperfusion in elderly hypertensives blood pressure lowering should be cautiously controlled. The increased risk of white matter lesions is an indication for early neuroprotection. The combination of renin–angiotensin blockade or calcium channel blockers with statins may become a promising preventive strategy against cognitive decline in elderly hypertensives. Cerebral white matter protection is a future challenge.
Stochastic simulation of the severity of hydrological drought
Authors: Abebe Adane , Foerch Gerd 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis study seeks to identify a stochastic model (or models) that can be used for mathematical description, simulation and short‐term forecasting of severity of hydrological drought in the Wabi Shebele river basin, Ethiopia. The drought variables (run sum and run length) are extracted using NIZOWKA after defining a possible truncation level from monthly streamflow data. Hydrologically homogeneous pools in the basin are established using hierarchical clustering using the parameters mean rainfall, temperature, normalized digital vegetation index and stream flow. Thus, five prominent homogeneous pools are developed. Among the regions identified, one at the upstream semi‐humid portion, station 61004, and another at the downstream arid portion, station 63001, were selected for the analysis. Stochastic modelling of the severity of hydrological drought using the Box and Jenkins methodology was carried out at both sites and compared. Diagnostic checks were performed for all the models identified from the autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACFs) using automatic selection criteria. The stochastic component explains an appreciable proportion of the variance (82–89%) caused in the time series at both locations. The multiplicative seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) (0, 1, 1) (0, 1, 1)12 outperforms the candidate models considered in adequately capturing the severity of drought in the area. The implications of the analysis for future water management in the basin are also discussed.
Developing an integrated water management strategy to overcome conflicts between urban growth, water infrastructure and environmental quality: a case study from Ashford, Kent
Authors: Furey S. G. , Lutyens B. C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAshford, in East Kent, is a government‐designated growth area. Between 2001 and 2031, the town is set to grow by 31 000 homes and 28 000 jobs, almost doubling in size. This raises numerous concerns about the ability of the local water infrastructure and Kentish Stour catchment to accept this pressure in the short and long term. The Ashford integrated water management study (AIWMS) set out to address all the issues around water quality, water resources, biodiversity and flood risk to allow Ashford's growth to occur without unacceptable environmental damage. The study reviewed current problems with the water environment, established the key constraints to growth that might arise from the proposed development and identified water management strategies to accommodate Ashford's expansion. The paper reviews the integration methodology that was developed and discusses the lessons learned from the experience.
Suburbanisation of important aquifers in England and Wales: estimating its current extent
Authors: Morris B. , Cunningham J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe UK rate of conversion of rural into suburban land cover will increase as the UK population is projected to rise to 70 million by 2056, household size continues to decline and previously developed land becomes scarcer and less attractive. The resultant change in landuse will significantly impact underlying groundwater resources. Geographical information system (GIS) analysis is used to estimate the current extent of suburbanised land cover overlying locally and nationally important aquifers in England and Wales. The effect on groundwater catchments will be marked in southern, central and eastern England, where high groundwater dependence and intense pressure for new housing will inevitably lead to a rise in suburban land cover on periurban catchments that are currently rural land. Water resource planning implications would be better understood with more catchment‐scale research. Meanwhile, areas of aquifer most likely to urbanise by 2050 and public supplies most vulnerable to the consequent changes need identifying.
Cellular adaptations in soleus muscle during recovery after hindlimb unloading
Authors: Oishi Y. , Ogata T. , Yamamoto K.‐i. , Terada M. , Ohira T. , Ohira Y. , Taniguchi K. , Roy R. R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim:  We used a model of chronic unloading followed by reloading to examine the apoptotic responses associated with soleus muscle atrophy and subsequent recovery.Methods:  Male Wistar rats were subjected to hindlimb unloading (HU) for 2 weeks and subsequent reloading for 0, 3, 7 and 14 days. One‐half of the HU‐reloaded rats were administered cyclosporine A (CsA), a calcineurin (CaN) inhibitor.Results:  There was fibre atrophy (73%) and a decrease in slow type I fibre/myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition in the soleus muscle after 2 weeks of HU. Fibre size and type I MyHC composition recovered to near the age‐matched control levels by recovery day 14 in non‐treated, but not in CsA‐treated, rats. Myonuclear number was lower and the number of apoptotic nuclei higher in 2‐week HU than control rats. These values returned to control levels after 7 and 14 days of recovery, respectively, in both HU‐recovery groups. After 2 weeks of HU, the levels of heat shock proteins (Hsp) 60 and 72, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (Cox IV), and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PGC‐1) proteins were lower than control. The levels of all of these proteins gradually increased to or above the control levels during cage recovery in both groups.Conclusion:  Our results indicate that apoptotic mechanisms are involved in the modulation of myonuclear number during chronic unloading and subsequent reloading. Furthermore, it appears that CaN is related to fibre size and phenotype adaptations, but not to apoptotic responses.
Media Geographies: Uncovering the Spatial Politics of Images
Authors: Rosati Clayton 
Published: September 2007

AbstractGeographers are increasingly interested in the study of media. This article thinks through media geographies via a review of the recent literature on media, space, and place. In doing so, it suggests that geographers are situated in a particularly useful place to think about the spatial politics of media and images. But, in order to do so, they must wrestle with some unaddressed issues regarding those politics, particularly regarding the struggles over social power through media and images. It is argued that geographers’ most important contributions to these questions will come from a focus on the spatial processes, terrain, and built environment of these struggles, not just on the images themselves.
Percutaneous Penetration, Melanin Activation and Toxicity Evaluation of a Phytotherapic Formulation for Vitiligo Therapeutic
Authors: Truite Cecília Valente Rodrigues , Philippsen Gisele Strieder , Ueda‐Nakamura Tânia , Natali Maria Raquel Marçal , Filho Benedito Prado Dias , Bento Antonio Carlos , Baesso Mauro Luciano , Nakamura Celso Vataru 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe aim of this work was to apply photoacoustic spectroscopy for the ex vivo determination of the penetration rate of a phytotherapic formulation for vitiligo therapeutic, with or without salicylic acid as the promoter agent. In addition, the compound toxicity and morphophysiology effects were evaluated for different concentrations of salicylic acid. The experiments were performed as a function of the period of time of treatment in a well‐controlled group of rabbits. Toxic effects were not observed with any of the tested products. All formulations containing salicylic acid induced cutaneous reaction which was dose dependent. The histological analysis showed that the use of the medication was associated with an increased comedogenic effect in relation to the control group, regardless of salicylic acid concentration. Inflammatory reactions and acanthosis were observed only in the animals treated with formulations containing higher concentrations of salicylic acid, while none of these effects were detected with the use of the formulation containing 2.5% (wt/vol) of salicylic acid. Photoacoustic depth monitoring showed that both formulations, with or without salicylic acid, propagated through the skin up to the melanocytes region, suggesting that the transport of the active agent may occur through the epithelial structure without the need of using queratinolitic substances, which are known to induce side effects in the animals.
Hornet Flight Activity and its Correlation with UVB Radiation, Temperature and Relative Humidity
Authors: Volynchik Stanislav , Plotkin Marian , Bergman David J. , Ishay Jacob S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDuring the active season, extending from June to October, hornets emerge from their nest in the field in all the daytime hours. In the beginning of the season, when the number of workers is relatively small, the number of exits from the nest is fairly uniform numerically throughout the day. However, with the increase in hornet population from July onwards, the number of workers emerging from the nest entrance around noon (1100–1300 h) is by 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than the number of those emerging in the morning or evening hours. This disparity persists till September or October, at which time the workers revert to behave as in the beginning of the season. It appears, therefore, that in this period hornet activities outside the nest are coordinated with the meteorological conditions, and in this regard, the highest correlation is with the ultra violet B (UVB) radiation level and to a lesser extent with the temperature. Presumably, also, the greater noon‐hour activity in the nests of hornets in the field stems from the digging hornets benefiting from the greater availability of solar energy at noon, mainly that of UVB radiation. We assume that the hornets are able to utilize the UVB radiation, but what part of their body is “absorbing” the UVB energy is still a matter of further investigation.
Spatial Distribution of Protein Damage by Singlet Oxygen in Keratinocytes
Authors: He Yu‐Ying , Council Sarah E. , Feng Li , Bonini Marcelo G. , Chignell Colin F. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSinglet oxygen may be generated in cells by either endogenous or exogenous photosensitizers as a result of exposure to UV or visible irradiation. We have used immuno‐spin trapping (Free Radic. Biol. Med. 36: 1214, 2004) to identify the subcellular targets of singlet oxygen generated by rose bengal (RB). Confocal fluorescence microscopy of HaCaT keratinocytes incubated with RB clearly showed that the dye entered the cells and was located mainly in the perinuclear region, probably associated with the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. Previous studies by Wright et al. (Free Radic. Biol. Med.34: 637, 2003) have shown that long‐lived protein hydroperoxides (POOH) are present in cells exposed to singlet oxygen‐generating dyes. The addition of reducing metal ions such as Cu+ to POOH results in the generation of protein‐derived radicals, POO• and PO•, which react with the spin trap 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline N‐oxide (DMPO) to give relatively stable spin adducts. In order to determine the subcellular localization of the protein‐DMPO adducts, we exposed keratinocytes to RB/light exposure and then incubated the cells with Cu+ and DMPO. After staining with antibody against DMPO followed by a secondary Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti‐rabbit IgG, the intracellular distribution of protein‐DMPO adducts was determined by confocal microscopy. The subcellular localization of the protein DMPO adducts was coincident with that of RB. This approach may provide information on the spatial distribution of singlet oxygen generated in cells.
The Solvent‐Initiated Photochemistry of Tetrachloropalladate(II) in Chloroform
Authors: Le Anh L. , Hoggard Patrick E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractUnder 254 nm irradiation in chloroform, [PdCl4]2− is protonated to H2PdCl4 by HCl, generated through absorption of light by CHCl3. This stands in contrast to the behavior of [PtCl4]2− and [Pt(bpy)Cl2], which undergo photooxidation under the same conditions.
Sensitive Detection of PrPSc by Western Blot Assay Based on Streptomycin Sulphate Precipitation
Authors: Dong C.‐F. , Huang Y.‐X. , An R. , Chen J.‐M. , Wang X.‐F. , Shan B. , Lei Y.‐J. , Han L. , Zhang B.‐Y. , Han J. , Dong X.‐P. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies, also termed prion diseases, are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that affect both humans and animals, which are characterized by presences of protease‐resistance disease‐associated prion protein (PrPSc) in brains. In the present study, we optimized the Western blot assay for PrPSc with a precipitation procedure of streptomycin sulphate. After incubated with suitable amount of streptomycin sulphate, the detective sensitivity for PrPSc was remarkably improved. The precipitation of PrPSc was obviously influenced by pH value in the solution. Employs of PrPSc stock sample into various mimic specimens, including normal hamster brain homogenate, human cerebrospinal fluid and urine, demonstrated that streptomycin precipitation markedly increased the detective sensitivity of PrPSc, regardless in low concentration or in large volume. In addition, the PrPSc from a human brain tissue of familiar Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (fCJD) was efficiently precipitated with streptomycin sulphate. As a sensitive, specific, rapid and flexible protocol for PrPSc, the protocol in this study has the potential, alone or combined with other techniques, to detect low levels of PrPSc in the specimens not only from central nerve system, but also from peripheral organs or fluids.
An AerosolizedBrucellaspp. Challenge Model for Laboratory Animals
Authors: Olsen S. C. , Waters W. R. , Stoffregen W. S. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryTo characterize the optimal aerosol dosage ofBrucella abortusstrain 2308 (S2308) andB. melitensis(S16M) in a laboratory animal model of brucellosis, dosages of 103–1010 colony forming units (CFU) were nebulized to mice. Although tissue weights were minimally influenced, total CFU per tissues increased beginning at 106–107 CFU dosages, with 109 CFU appearing to be an optimal dosage for S16M or S2308 aerosol delivery. At 12 weeks after vaccination with 107 CFU ofB. abortusstrain RB51 (SRB51) or saline (control), mice were challenged intraperitoneally (i.p.) (6.4 × 104 CFU) or via aerosol (1.76 × 109 CFU) with S2308. Mice vaccinated with SRB51 had reduced (P < 0.05) splenic, liver and lung colonization (total CFU and CFU/g) after i.p. challenge with S2308 as compared with control mice after i.p. S2308 challenge. Control and SRB51‐vaccinated mice did not differ (P > 0.05) in splenic, liver or lung colonization after aerosol S2308 challenge. Failure to demonstrate vaccine protection was not because of a high aerosol challenge dosage as colonization of spleen and liver tissues was lower (P < 0.05) after aerosol challenge when compared with control mice after i.p. S2308 hallenge.
Salmonella enterica Infections in Spanish Swine Fattening Units
Authors: García‐Feliz C. , Collazos J. A. , Carvajal A. , Vidal A. B. , Aladueña A. , Ramiro R. , De La Fuente M. , Echeita M. A. , Rubio P. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThe present study is the first conducted in Spain to estimate the bacteriological herd prevalence of Salmonella enterica in fattening units and to describe the Salmonella serovar diversity on these farms using a sample representative of the entire swine population. For this purpose, 10 faecal samples were collected from 10 different pens containing pigs close to market weight in a total of 232 fattening units. Total sample size was proportionally distributed according to the fattener census in each of the regions of the country and all the samples were examined by culture of 25 g of faecal material. One hundred (43.1%) farms had at least one Salmonella‐positive sample (95% CI: 37–49.1%). Salmonella enterica was detected in 290 (12.5%) pooled faecal floor samples (95% CI: 11.2–13.8%). The apparent herd prevalence of salmonellosis was similar among multi‐site, finishing and farrow to finish farms. Overall, 24 different serovars were identified, with S. Typhimurium, S. Rissen and S. Derby being the most common both at herd and sample level. Results of phage typing were available for the 91 isolates of S. Typhimurium. A total number of 10 different phage types were identified, with DT 193 being the most frequent. Phage types DT 104, DT 104b and DT U302, which have been associated with several multi‐resistant patterns, accounted for 23% and 29% of the Typhimurium total isolates or Typhimurium infected farms respectively.