bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF THE PROTEINS OF THE MUSCLES AND ORGANS OF THE NORMAL, CASTRATED AND TESTOSTERONE TREATED GUINEA PIG
Authors: Kochakian Charles D. , Hill John , Costa Giovanni 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The protein of several muscles, liver, kidney, prostate, seminal vesicles and seminal vesicle fluid of normal, castrated and testosterone propionate or testosterone treated guinea pigs was prepared by either trichloracetic or perchloric acid treatment. The extracted and defatted proteins were hydrolysed with acid and the amino acid composition determined by ion exchange chromatography. Each tissue contained all of the commonly occurring amino acids. The seminal fluid also contained several other unidentified ninhydrin reacting compounds. The quantity of each acid changed in direct proportion with the changes in weight of the tissues produced by castration or androgen treatment. The nine different muscles analysed ranged in no dependency to very great dependency on androgen for normal growth but the amino acid composition of their proteins was practically identical. The quantity of the individual amino acids of the fluid of the seminal vesicles was very different from that of the organ.
VANILLINSÄURE ALS ENDPRODUKT DES ABBAUES VON ADRENALIN UND NORADRENALIN
Authors: Dirscherl Wilhelm , Brisse Betty 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Incubation of homogenates of rat liver or human liver with D,L-3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-mandelic acid yielded 3 diazopositive compounds. In addition to the starting material, vanillic acid could be isolated by means of column chromatography. It was identified by the shape of its crystals, micro melting point, mixed melting point, UV- and IR-spectra, and paper chromatography in 3 different solvent systems. The third substance has not yet been identified. Since acid hydrolysis does not result in any cleavage a conjugate can be ruled out.
The yield of vanillic acid was about 12 per cent with rat liver, 3 per cent with post mortem liver and 7-8 per cent with liver obtained at operation. Vanillic acid is not further metabolized by liver homogenates and can also be considered as the final metabolite of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the human liver.
A MASCULINIZING MIXED GERM CELL TUMOUR (GONOCYTOMA III)
Authors: Teter J. , Philip J. , Wecewicz Gr. , Potocki J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case is presented of gonocytoma III (gonadoblastoma), which was diagnosed in a patient, aged 19 years who had been brought up as a woman, and who had primary amenorrhoea, and some signs of masculinization. The sex chromatin pattern was negative, and the urinary gonadotrophin titre was increased. Laparotomy disclosed a uterus, fallopian tubes and bilateral knob-like gonadal tumours. It was found that the karyotype was 46/XY. The authors discuss the pathogenesis of gonocytoma III and believe that the presence of a Y chromosome is important evidence that such dysgenetic gonadal tumours develop in a »testis«.
WATER AND ELECTROLYTE ALTERATIONS IN PLASMA, BRAIN AND LIVER OF RATS AFTER CASTRATION AND SEX HORMONE ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Woolley Dorothy E. , Timiras Paola S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ovariectomy, hypophysectomy and administration of oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone or methylandrostenediol altered water or electrolyte concentrations in plasma, liver, cerebral cortex, brain stem and cerebellum in the rat. High daily doses of the steroids (500 μg/100 g body weight) increased plasma sodium levels. Oestradiol, followed by progesterone, then testosterone and methylandrostenediol, was most effective in producing hypernatraemia. Lower doses of oestradiol (10–200 μg/100 g body weight) did not change plasma sodium concentrations. Plasma potassium was increased by ovariectomy and decreased by low doses of oestradiol in ovariectomized, but not in hypophysectomized, rats. All doses of oestradiol lowered per cent plasma water in intact adult male rats and ovariectomized adult females, but not in hypophysectomized rats. High doses of the steroids, especially of oestradiol plus progesterone, raised concentrations of water, sodium, potassium and chloride in the liver, whereas water, sodium and potassium concentrations remained constant in brain. Each of the steroids elevated brain chloride concentrations. Of the brain areas analyzed, the cerebral cortex most consistently showed increased chloride after injections. Testosterone and progesterone, followed by oestradiol and then methylandrostenediol, were most potent in increasing brain chloride concentrations. Because the sex hormones have previously been shown to alter brain excitability, it is postulated that some of these alterations may be correlated with concomitant changes in brain anionic concentrations.
ÜBER DEN EINFLUSS DES ALLOXANDIABETES AUF DEN CORTISON-STOFFWECHSEL IN DER RATTENLEBER
Authors: Schriefers Herbert , Herborn Ulrich , Pohl Franzis 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In liver slices of alloxandiabetic rats the rate of the δ4-5α-hydrogenase-catalyzed cortisone reduction is diminished.
The decrease is more pronounced in females than in males; in male rats diabetes causes a significant increase in the δ4-5α-hydrogenase-activity present in microsomal fractions, while in diabetic females the activity of this enzyme is within the normal range.
Since with microsomal fractions obtained from livers of diabetic rats and supplemented with a TPNH-generating system the rate of hydrogenation of cortisone is unchanged or even elevated it is concluded that the decreased cortisone reduction in diabetic liver slices cannot be accounted for by a lowered activity of the microsomal δ4-5α-hydrogenase but can be explained by the inability of the diabetic liver cell to supply sufficient TPNH for a normal cortisone reduction rate.
GENETIC STUDIES IN FAMILIAL GOITROUS CRETINISM
Authors: Leszynsky Hannah E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The mode of inheritance of the gene producing goitrous cretinism in 3 sibs was studied by means of clinical and laboratory investigations of the available family members (3 generations).
8 relatives (including the mother of the patients) had more or less distinct cretinoid features, and 3 (also including the mother) had a small goitre. Isotope studies revealed various patterns of thyroid hypoactivity in 9 family members and a trend towards hyperactivity in 2 (the mother and a sister of the patients). (In previous studies Zondek et al. 1959, 1961 a, b, 1963) a similar hyperactive pattern had been repeatedly found in 2 of the patients during prolonged therapy-free remissions, induced by shorttermed massive thyroid therapy.) None of the family members investigated showed any evidence of clinically manifest hypothyroidism or of the specific metabolic defect found in the patients (presumably an inability of the thyroid to convert the trapped iodide into organic iodine).
The distinguishing features setting this sibship apart from other similarly affected kindreds were (i) transmission of the metabolic defect by a presumably incompletely dominant gene, (ii) the great variability in the expression of the defective gene, culminating in a trend towards hyperactivity in 2 relatives, and (iii) the therapy-induced reversal of the metabolic defect to this hyperactive pattern in 2 of the patients.
THE USE OF HAEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION REACTION FOR QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATIONS OF HCG IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL PREGNANCIES
Authors: Carlsson Mats G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A commercial preparation of HCG has been shown to contain 5 nonspecific antigenic substances which can give rise to antibodies in rabbits. A method for blocking the non-specific antibodies with male urine extract is described. The purified antiserum has been used for the assay of the immunological HCG-activity in 920 specimens of human urine with the haemagglutination inhibition technique. One doubtful negative reaction was found in 570 cases of pregnant women. No »false postive« reaction was found in 133 urines from healthy non pregnant women and 5 »false postive« reactions in urines from 115 women with gynaecological diseases. 100 urines from males were negative.
The level of immunological activity in urine obtained with this method was lower throughout pregnancy when compared to Wide's results (1962). In cases of threatened or complete abortion and toxaemia of pregnancy, immunological activity of the urine seemed to correspond to the viability of the foetus.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE NUMBER OF AUTOFLUORESCENT LIPID GRANULES IN THE UTERINE SURFACE EPITHELIUM OF THE RAT AND MOUSE
Authors: Nilsson O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of combinations of adrenalectomy, hypophysectomy, ovariectomy, and of hypoglycaemia on autofluorescent lipid granules of the uterine epithelium in the spayed rat and mouse has been investigated. The experiments have shown that apart from oestrogen, some metabolic process – directly or indirectly influenced by insulin – is involved in the control of the number of these lipid granules.
CONJUGATION OF ANDROSTERONE IN YOUNG AND OLD SUBJECTS
Authors: Ryan Michael T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In view of the decrease in excretion of total and individual 17-keto-steroids which occurs in elderly subjects, a comparison was made of the ability of the conjugating systems of young and old subjects to metabolize a moderately large dose of androsterone. Poor recoveries of administered androsterone, excreted into the urine, were observed in many of the older subjects and the change observed in the distribution of 17-ketosteroids between glucuronide and sulphate fractions seems to be related to level of steroid recovered in the urine rather than to age of the subjects.
UTERINE AND PLACENTAL ENZYMES
Authors: Hafez E. S. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of ovariectomy and exogenous gonadal hormones on uterine enzymes have been examined for several laboratory mammals. Qualitative and quantitative measurement of uterine and placental enzymes involve histochemical, cytochemical and biochemical techniques. Enzymes have a wide and characteristic distribution in the female reproductive tract. The pattern of distribution varies showing peculiar species – specific differences in the anatomical localization of the enzyme and its relationship to the reproductive cycle. Progestational responses involve major endometrial growth and striking change in the enzyme system. The amount and biochemical composition of endometrial secretions vary with the stage of reproductive cycle. The placenta contains a complex enzyme system which has been classified into five major groups: hydrases, transferases, oxidoreductases, lyases and isomerases. The passage of many substances across the placental barrier is chemically regulated; the cytoplasm of barrier contains several enzymes and organelles. Carbonic anhydrase activity of the endometrium increases markedly during the luteal phase of the cycle and during pregnancy in the rabbit but not in some other species. Alkaline phosphatase is widely distributed in all types of placenta, in maximal concentration in species producing no fructose. Several hydrolytic enzymes are associated with the small cytoplasmic particles, the lysosomes, β-glucuronidase of the endometrial and glandular epithelia shows cyclical changes with the oestrus cycle. The activity of the succinic dehydrogenase may be an index of the functional status of the epithelial cells. Some enzymes e. g. acid and alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and adenosinetriphosphate show a typical »secretion cycle«. The role of certain uterine enzymes in implantation of blastocyst deserves investigation.
A SCREENING TEST FOR LONG-ACTING CORTICOTROPHIN PREPARATIONS
Authors: Rerup Claus , Hedner Pavo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The mouse assay for corticotrophin, using plasma steroid levels as the response, is shown to be suitable with slight modifications as a screening test for long-acting corticotrophin. Four hours after the subcutaneous administration of 10–20 milliunits of corticotrophin in saline, the plasma steroid levels had virtually returned to the preinjection levels, whereas corticotrophin injections in combination with 15 per cent gelatine or 1 per cent polyphloretin phosphate, resulted in sustained high plasma steroid levels. Unlike the usual type of prolongation (e. g. insulin, testosterone) which is characterized by delayed maximal end-point readings, peak responses were observed at the same time following prolonged or non-prolonged corticotrophin. Significantly higher responses were observed following long-acting preparations at this time (one hour after the injection). The test also enables the investigator to distinguish between a local and systemic effect of the prolonging material. Thus it was shown that polyphloretin phosphate and gelatine were active only when given in local combination with corticotrophin. The advantages of the method together with its limitations for the assessment of a long-acting effect in man are briefly discussed.
PARATHYROID HORMONE AND PHOSPHATE HOMEOSTASIS IN MAN
Authors: Halden Allan , Eisenberg E. , Gordan Gilbert S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
To determine whether parathyroid hormone is required for renal response to phosphorus loading, the effects of ingestion of 3100 mg of phosphorus daily for 3 days were compared in 5 treated hypoparathyroid patients and 5 normal control subjects of comparable age and sex.
In both normal and hypoparathyroid subjects the response to phosphorus loading was characterized by an increase in urinary excretion of phosphorus without a concomitant increase in the rate of glomerular filtration of phosphorus. Some mechanism other than changes in rates of parathyroid hormone secretion probably accounts for renal responses to changes in phosphorus intake. The timing of urine and serum collections with regard to food intake and the total amount of phosphorus in the diet were found to affect the assessment of renal handling of phosphorus. The finding that a 3-day period of oral phosphorus loading did not increase the serum phosphorus level in the hypoparathyroid patients suggests that phosphorus restriction is not always necessary in the treatment of hypoparathyroidism. The addition of one more condition to the list of those that may affect the percentage of renal tubular resorption of phosphorus in no way decreases the usefulness of this determination in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE TWO TYPES OF A CELLS IN THE PANCREATIC ISLETS OF SOME MAMMALIAN SPECIES
Authors: Alm Gunnar , Hellman Bo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Both types of pancreatic A cells were identified in the sheep, hamster, guinea pig, rat, pig and monkey. The argyrophil A1 cells displayed a distinct metachromatic reaction in the latter two mammals. While neither the A1 nor the A2 cells were localized to any particular islet region in the guinea pig and monkey, characteristic islet positions were noted in each of the other four species. There was a considerable increase of the A2/A1 cell number ratio with increasing islet diameter. The increased proportion of the A2 cells in the large islets was especially marked in the rat. While no differences were encountered between the duodenal and splenic pancreatic regions for the relative contributions of the A1 and A2 cells in the islets of the pig, monkey and guinea pig, the analyses of the rat pancreas revealed a higher frequency of A1 cells in the splenic part.
TRIPLE MOSAICISM OF THE SEX CHROMOSOMES IN A PHENOTYPICAL FEMALE
Authors: Bijlsma J. B. , James J. , Drukker W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A patient is described showing a female phenotype, but with under-development of secondary sexual characteristics and primary amenorrhoea. Chromosome analysis in skin and blood cultures revealed the presence of nuclei with 44 autosomes and an XO, XX or XXX sex chromosome complement; metaphases with an XX and XXX constitution were, however, very scanty.
The sex chromatin pattern gave strong support to the assumption that there was a triple mosaicism of the XO/XX/XXX type, as nuclei with one and nuclei with two Barr bodies were found – with a high proportion of negative nuclei – in buccal and vaginal epithelial cells and cultured fibroblasts. Some problems of a quantitative nature in this respect are discussed.
TURNER'S SYNDROME WITH SECONDARY AMENORRHOEA AND SEX CHROMOSOME MOSAICISM
Authors: London D. R. , Kemp N. H. , Ellis R. , Mittwoch Ursula 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A female patient is described aged 28 years, height 145 cm, with infantile genitalia, infantile uterus and atrophic ovaries and in whom menstruation had occurred over a period of five years. Chromosome studies from bone marrow, blood, skin (arm and abdominal wall) and both ovaries revealed sex chromosome mosaicism and a structurally abnormal X chromosome.
Three cell lines were observed. The prevalent cell line which was present in cultures from all tissues had 45 chromosomes and an XO karyotype; cultures from all tissues except the abdominal skin contained cells with 46 chromosomes, with an X/deleted X karyotype (the latter in the form of a large acrocentric chromosome); lastly a small dot-like (ring?) chromosome was present as the 46th chromosome in some cells derived from the abdominal skin and right ovary.
The frequency of the different cell types in cultures from the ovaries differed considerably from those of other tissues.
CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASE IN MICE: FAILURE OF PENTOBARBITAL-MORPHINE TO BLOCK THE EFFECT OF NON-SPECIFIC STRESS
Authors: Rerup Claus 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Corticotrophin release in mice was determined from plasma free corticosteroid levels. The blocking effect of dexamethasone against non-specific stress was compared with that of pentobarbital-morphine. In marked contrast to the findings in the rat, pentobarbital-morphine pretreatment in mice did not prevent the activation of the pituitary-adrenal hormonal system, following the non-specific stress of histamine injection. Pentobarbital-morphine thus does not render the mouse a specific in vivo preparation for the determination of corticotrophin releasing activity (CRA). Dexamethasone, on the other hand, appears to be effective in blocking corticotrophin release due to non-specific stress and allowed of activation of the pituitary-adrenal system after intravenous injection of vasopressin and hypothalamic extract only. The steroid had no direct effect on the adenohypophysis.
IDENTIFICATION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF PAROTID FLUID CORTICOSTEROIDS
Authors: Katz Fred H. , Shannon Ira L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Parotid fluid, which can be collected in continuous fashion, was previously shown to possess free 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OH-CS) levels which paralleled those in serum and reached a maximum two hours after corticotrophin or cortisol administration to normal men. The present study demonstrates that intravenously administered cortisol rapidly appears in parotid fluid, and that, thus, parotid fluid 17-OH-CS levels would serve as reliable indicators of plasma corticosteroid levels. This was borne out by ACTH stimulation studies in patients with Cushing's Syndrome as well as adrenal hyporesponsiveness. In the third trimester of pregnancy, despite the large rise in plasma 17-OH-CS, there was only a small, though significant, increase in parotid fluid 17-OH-CS.
Conjugated 17-OH-CS were not found in appreciable quantity in parotid fluid. Chemical and radioisotopic techniques indicated cortisol and cortisone to be the major human parotid fluid 17-OH-CS. Parotid tissue from the dog converted cortisol to cortisone. Radioactive aldosterone, oestrogen and androgen also appeared in parotid fluid after intravenous injection.
EFFECT OF ADRENALECTOMY ON BILE ACIDS IN RATS
Authors: Telkkä Antti , Lahikainen Toini , Kuusisto A. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of adrenalectomy on taurocholic acid, the main bile acid of the rat, was studied. The bile was obtained by cannulation from the ductus choledochus. The concentration of taurocholic acid in the bile was determined using thin-layer chromatography. The taurocholic acid concentration in the bile of the adrenalectomized animals was significantly decreased, being about a half that of the control rats. The results are briefly discussed.
THE ACTION OF CORTICOSTEROIDS ON THE RENAL EXCRETION AND UTILIZATION OF CITRIC ACID
Authors: Laake Helge , Brodwall Erling Kruge 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
During treatment with steroid hormones the tubular reabsorption of citric acid (cit.) increases, and the endogenous citric acid clearance is reduced. This is attributed to increased diffusion of citric acid from the tubular lumen to the renal tissue. With simultaneous administration of corticosteroids and anabolic steroids the tubular reabsorption of citric acid becomes normal.
Steroid hormones block the renal synthesis of cit. and the renal utilization of cit. becomes identical with the amount of cit. reabsorbed in the tubules. Blockade of the synthesis of cit. is attributed to the inhibitory effect of steroid hormones on enzyme systems.
OESTRIOL METABOLISM IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Wilson R. , Eriksson G. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestriol-16-14C was administered intravenously to four pregnant women prior to sterilisation and surgical interruption of pregnancy and the quantity and nature of radioactive metabolites in the products of conception, systemic venous blood and urine were studied. Thirty minutes following the injection of the isotope, less than 0.5 per cent of the administered dose was found in the amniotic fluid, foetus and placenta.
Approximately 40 per cent of the radioactive material recovered from the systemic venous blood withdrawn 10 to 30 minutes following injection was unconjugated (free) oestriol. Some 15 per cent of the circulating radioactive material was identified as oestriol-3-sulphate and almost 10 per cent behaved as oestriol-3-sulphate,16(17?)-glucosiduronate. Oestriol-16(17?)-glucosiduronate was also detected, but only in minute quantities (0.5 per cent of total). The rest of the circulating radioactive material was present as unidentified »polar conjugates«.
Urine specimens collected over various intervals revealed a changing pattern of conjugation. Oestriol and oestriol-3-sulphate were present only in very small amounts in all specimens studied. The bulk of radioactive material was excreted as oestriol-16(17?)-glucosiduronate and as so-called »polar glucosiduronates« (consisting of di- and perhaps triglucosiduronates of oestriol), accompanied by small, but significant, amounts of oestriol-3-sulphate,16(17?)-glucosiduronate-like radioactive material.
As time passed following injection of the isotope, the amount of »polar glucosiduronates« present in the urine increased markedly. This was associated with a corresponding decrease in the amount of oestriol-16(17?)-glucosiduronate.
At least 99 per cent of the oestrogen moiety of the urinary radioactive material consisted of oestriol.
The recovery of radioactivity from the urine, collected during 72 hours, was low, ranging from 41 to 47 per cent.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON PREVIABLE HUMAN FOETUSES PERFUSED WITH RADIOACTIVE STEROIDS
Authors: Bengtsson G. , Ullberg S. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using the technique of whole-body autoradiography, the distribution of radioactive material was studied in two previable foetuses following perfusion with progesterone-4-14C.
The uptake of radioactivity was by far the highest in the adrenal cortex. A specific accumulation of radioactive material was also demonstrated in the pituitary gland, testicles, thyroid and thymus. The liver, intestinal mucosa, kidneys and certain structures of the developing eye and central nervous system also showed an increased uptake. The possible physiological significance of the findings is discussed.