bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nature of abnormal language processing in euthymic bipolar I disorder: evidence for a relationship between task demand and prefrontal function
Authors: Curtis Vivienne A , Thompson Jill M , Seal Marc L , Monks Paul J , Lloyd Adrian J , Harrison Louise , Brammer Michael J , Williams Steve CR , Murray Robin M , Young Allan H , Nicol Ferrier I 
Published: June 2007

Objectives:  Abnormal language processing is a consistent finding in bipolar disorder (BD). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the core components of language processing as well as the impact of task demand in a group of bipolar subjects.Methods:  Twelve euthymic dextral male BD I participants receiving lithium monotherapy were matched with 12 controls. Groups were matched for age, years of education and estimated premorbid IQ. We employed a factorial design manipulating task demand (decision versus fluency) and task domain (phonetic versus semantic) to investigate differences in language processing between groups and across different task domains and requirements. Data were fitted to haemodynamic response models convolved to the experimental design. Group and task difference maps were generated.Results:  During the scanning session bipolar patients demonstrated significantly slower reaction times. However, groups demonstrated the same task accuracy except for one domain (phonetic decision). All participants activated regions known to be engaged by language tasks, but compared to controls the bipolar patients showed altered patterns of prefrontal activation which were related to the nature of the task, language processing, and increasing task demand.Conclusions:  We have demonstrated abnormal prefrontal activation in bipolar patients across a range of language tasks with varying task demands.
Is a lack of disgust something to fear? A functional magnetic resonance imaging facial emotion recognition study in euthymic bipolar disorder patients
Authors: Malhi Gin S , Lagopoulos Jim , Sachdev Perminder S , Ivanovski Belinda , Shnier Ron , Ketter Terence 
Published: June 2007

Objectives:  To determine the neural responses invoked in the recognition of facial fear and disgust in euthymic bipolar patients as compared with healthy subjects.Methods:  This study examined 10 female euthymic bipolar patients, and 10 suitably matched healthy subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while subjects were engaged in an explicit facial emotion recognition task involving fear, disgust and neutral expressions. The activation paradigm involved nominating the facial expression using specified response keys. Behavioural data were collected and analysed and both within‐group (Fear versus Neutral; Disgust versus Neutral) and random‐effects between‐group analyses were performed on fMRI data using BrainVoyager (Brain Innovations, Maastricht, the Netherlands).Results:  Patients were equally accurate in identifying facial expressions as healthy subjects but were slower to respond, especially with respect to fear and disgust. Responses to fear and disgust (within‐group analyses) resulted in activation of anticipated brain regions such as amygdala and insula, respectively. However, between‐group random effects analysis revealed differential responses to both disgust and fear in both healthy subjects and euthymic bipolar patients such that euthymic bipolar patients responded largely to fear and healthy subjects responded more so to disgust. This partitioning of responsiveness was reflected by differential activation involving the hippocampus and amygdala.Conclusions:  Greater responsiveness to fear with hippocampal activation in patients perhaps reflects recollection of traumatic events associated with past experiences of illness or simply the use of a more mnemonic (hippocampal) as opposed to affective (amygdala) approach when performing the task. It is possible that in bipolar disorder, prefrontal‐subcortical network dysfunction that relegates neural processing to limbic regions is impaired and that clinically euthymic bipolar patients, although able to accurately and effectively identify emotions such as fear and disgust, are limited in their ability to interpret their salience. The implications of these findings are discussed.
A 24‐week, randomized, controlled trial of adjunctive sibutramine versus topiramate in the treatment of weight gain in overweight or obese patients with bipolar disorders
Authors: McElroy Susan L , Frye Mark A , Altshuler Lori L , Suppes Trisha , Hellemann Gerhard , Black David , Mintz Jim , Kupka Ralph , Nolen Willem , Leverich Gabriele S , Denicoff Kirk D , Post Robert M , Keck Paul E 
Published: June 2007

Objectives:  Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have an increased risk of obesity as well as psychotropic‐associated weight gain. The objective of this study was to compare sibutramine and topiramate as adjunctive treatments for psychotropic‐associated weight gain in overweight or obese outpatients with BD.Methods:  In this 24‐week, open‐label, flexible‐dose, comparison trial, 46 outpatients with bipolar disorders who had a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, or ≥27 kg/m2 with obesity‐related comorbidities, and psychotropic‐associated weight gain were randomly assigned to receive sibutramine (n = 18; 5–15 mg/day) or topiramate (n = 28; 25–600 mg/day). The primary outcome measure was weight loss. Secondary measures included changes in BMI, percent body weight loss, and mood symptoms.Results:  Patients randomized either to sibutramine or topiramate lost comparable amounts of weight (4.1 ± 5.7 and 2.8 ± 3.5 kg, respectively) and displayed similar rates of weight loss (0.85 and 0.82 kg/week, respectively). However, only four (22%) patients receiving sibutramine and six (21%) patients receiving topiramate completed the 24‐week trial. In addition, the attrition patterns for the two drugs were different, with patients discontinuing topiramate doing so early in treatment and patients discontinuing sibutramine doing so throughout treatment. Also, higher ratings of manic and depressive symptoms significantly increased risk for early topiramate discontinuation compared to that for sibutramine.Conclusions:  Adjunctive sibutramine and topiramate may have comparable weight loss effects in overweight or obese bipolar patients with psychotropic‐associated weight gain, but are each associated with similarly high discontinuation rates. In addition, they may have different attrition profiles. Compared to sibutramine, discontinuation of topiramate may be more likely to occur early in treatment and may be more dependent upon manic and depressive symptoms.
Heterogeneity of the risk of suicidal behavior in bipolar‐spectrum disorders
Authors: Cavazzoni Patrizia , Grof Paul , Duffy Anne , Grof Eva , Müller‐Oerlinghausen Bruno , Berghöfer Anne , Ahrens Bernd , Zvolsky Petr , Robertson Carrie , Davis Alison , Hajek Tomas , Alda Martin 
Published: June 2007

Objectives:  The risk of suicidal behavior is substantially elevated in major affective disorders (AD). In bipolar disorder (BD), as many as 15% of patients may commit suicide and family history of suicide is recognized as one of the most important risk factors. Lithium reduces the rates of suicidal behavior in BD, especially in patients who achieve full mood stabilization. Yet even patients who continue experiencing mood episodes do benefit from anti‐suicidal properties of lithium. These observations raise questions about the nature of the relationship between the neurobiological mechanisms of BD and suicide, namely whether they are shared or independent.Methods:  We studied the distribution of suicides and suicide attempts in 539 subjects from 78 families of probands with major AD, all responders to lithium prophylaxis. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to assess the contribution of several independent variables to the risks of AD, BD, and suicidal behavior.Results:  The lifetime prevalence of BD was significantly greater among first‐degree relatives of suicide than non‐suicide probands (22% versus 11%) and the prevalence of BD in families was associated with an increased risk of developing mood disorder and subsequently committing or attempting suicide (p = 0.003). Families fell into 1 of 3 groups, corresponding to a low (<0.1%), intermediate (17.8%), and high (87.8%) risk for suicide in affectively ill subjects.Conclusions:  Suicidal behavior is distributed unevenly in families of probands with BD, aggregating in a subset of families. Our results also suggest that partially overlapping sets of genetic factors may underlie BD and suicide.
Legal, financial, and public health consequences of transfusion‐transmitted hepatitis C virus in persons with haemophilia
Authors: Angelotta C. , McKoy J. M. , Fisher M. J. , Buffie C. G. , Barfi K. , Ramsey G. , Frohlich L. , Bennett C. L. 
Published: June 2007

Background Since the first cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in persons with haemophilia were reported in 1982, much has been written about the consequences of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) contamination of the blood supply. Relatively little attention has been paid to similar hepatitis C virus (HCV) concerns since the first cases of HCV‐infected persons with haemophilia were identified in 1989.Methods We review the history, public health, policy, and financial consequences of blood supply policy decisions made for persons with haemophilia who received HCV‐contaminated blood products in eight countries that were severely impacted by viral contamination of the blood supply during the 1980s, contrasting these findings with those reported previously for HIV contamination of the blood supply during the same time‐period. A Medline search and a hand search of retrieved bibliographies of English‐language articles on HCV concerns in haemophilia patients published from 1989 to 2006 were performed.Results Our review identified that two‐ to eightfold more persons with haemophilia in the eight countries contracted HCV vs. HIV from contaminated blood products during the 1980s. Opportunistic infections and immunosuppression‐related complications among persons with haemophilia developed shortly after these patients received HIV‐infected blood products whereas hepatic complications among HCV‐infected persons with haemophilia are just now being diagnosed two decades after these individuals received HCV‐contaminated blood products. Policy makers in four countries conducted official public inquiries into blood safety decisions related to HIV‐ and/or HCV‐contamination of the blood supply. More than 20 countries allocated compensation funds for HIV‐infected persons with haemophilia (mean award ranging from $37 000 to 400 000) whereas only the UK, Canada, and Ireland allocated compensation funds for HCV‐infected persons with haemophilia (mean award ranging from $37 000 to 50 000).Conclusion While the clinical impact among persons with haemophilia of HCV contamination of the blood supply in the 1980s was larger than the impact of HIV contamination of the blood supply during this time‐period, the policy response was smaller. Consideration should be given to adopting support programmes for HCV‐infected persons with haemophilia in countries that do not have these programs.
Effects of a juvenile hormone analogue, pyriproxyfen, on the apterous form of soybean aphid (Aphis glycines)
Authors: Richardson M. L. , Lagos D. M. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract:The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsamura, is an eastern Asian soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] pest which can reduce soybean yield. We determined the effects of pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analogue, on development, mortality, longevity and fecundity of A. glycines under laboratory conditions. Distance Insect Growth Regulator, containing ∼11.2% pyriproxyfen, was applied at two concentrations, 50 and 150 mg/l, to first and fourth instar nymphs. When first or fourth instar A. glycines were treated with pyriproxyfen, some nymphs became supernumerary‐molted nymphs with 1–3 extra molts or were sterilized. Mortality of treated first instar nymphs was >68% greater than the control group and longevity was reduced by >40%. The higher concentration of pyriproxyfen reduced fecundity of first instar nymphs when they reached adulthood by ∼79%. Pyriproxyfen similarly affected fourth instar nymphs. Mortality of treated fourth instar nymphs was ≥15% greater than the control group and longevity was reduced by >24%. Both concentrations of pyriproxyfen lowered the fecundity of fourth instar nymphs by >27%. Pyriproxyfen also had other sublethal effects on fourth instar nymphs which became apparent when they molted to adulthood. In a few instances they developed wing pads and many produced dead, deformed or abnormal neonates that lacked appendages.
Mating disruption of codling moth Cydia pomonella with high densities of Ecodian sex pheromone dispensers
Authors: Angeli G. , Anfora G. , Baldessari M. , Germinara G. S. , Rama F. , De Cristofaro A. , Ioriatti C. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract:A mating disruption approach using high densities of pheromone dispensers, has recently been proposed for controlling codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lep., Tortricidae). Ecodian® CP dispensers, made of low‐cost biodegradable material and easy to apply, were formulated with 10 mg of codlemone and placed at a rate of 1400–2000 dispensers/ha. Seasonal dispenser performance was evaluated using different methods. The release rate of new Ecodian dispensers, measured directly by solid‐phase micro‐extraction (SPME), was significantly higher than that of the standard monitoring lure. The release rate of field‐aged dispensers decreased over time; it was comparable with that of the standard monitoring lure after 55–90 days of field exposure and significantly lower beyond. Electroantennographic (EAG) recordings showed that field‐aged dispensers strongly stimulated virgin male moths’ antennae. Dispensers elicited close‐range approaches in wind tunnel irrespective of their age. Traps baited with aged Ecodian CP dispensers captured males throughout the season. Our results demonstrate that Ecodian dispensers achieved a good level of activity and longevity over the season. Field trials carried out from 2002 to 2004 confirmed the efficacy of Ecodian CP dispensers for codling moth control, regardless of the size of the treated area. The potential of this strategy for the control of C. pomonella is discussed.
Spatial patterns of Trybliographa rapae parasitism of Delia radicum larvae in oilseed rape and cauliflower
Authors: Hemachandra K. S. , Kuhlmann U. , Mason P. G. , Holliday N. J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract: Trybliographa rapae (Westwood) is an important parasitoid of Delia radicum (L.). Parasitism of D. radicum larvae by T. rapae in relation to host density on canola (oilseed rape) and cauliflower roots was examined at 10 field sites in Germany and Switzerland. For roots with host larvae, the proportion of roots with one or more parasitized hosts increased with increasing host density. However, for these infested roots, the parasitism of individual larvae was not consistently related to host density. When considering only roots on which there were parasitized larvae and the opportunity for multiple attacks, the proportion of larvae that were parasitized decreased with increasing host density in the field locations, and in a cage study under controlled conditions. A model of patch‐finding and number of attacks by female parasitoids suggests that patch‐finding is density‐dependent, but that low attack rate and interference effects limit numbers of attacks to three or less per visit to a host patch; the reduced number of attacks per visit leads to the inverse relationship of larval parasitism with host density in the host patches visited. The interplay of the density‐dependent and inversely density‐dependent processes appears to be responsible for the inconsistency of density dependence of overall larval parasitism in this and previous studies. In the laboratory, adult female T. rapae parasitized hosts at ≤4 cm deep in soil, but not at 6 cm deep. From the depth distribution of larval feeding sites in the field, we infer that between 4% and 20% of Delia larvae may be in a physical refuge from T. rapae parasitism, which may have a stabilizing influence on the host–parasitoid interaction.
Life history of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysan., Thripae), on five different vegetable leaves
Authors: Zhang Z.‐J. , Wu Q.‐J. , Li X.‐F. , Zhang Y.‐J. , Xu B.‐Y. , Zhu G.‐R. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract:Biological characteristics of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysan., Thripae), were investigated on excised leaves of five vegetables: cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Jingfeng 1), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. var. Zhongnong 8), capsicum (Capsicum annuum L. var. Zhongjiao 5), kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Gonggeizhe) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M. var. zhongza 9). The developmental time from egg to adult on the cucumber, cabbage, bean, capsicum and tomato leaf was 9.22 ± 0.13, 10.19 ± 0.08, 10.42 ± 0.06, 12.15 ± 0.07 and 12.91 ± 0.04 days, respectively. Survivorship of immatures on cucumber, cabbage and tomato was high (75–80%) but low on capsicum (50%). The total number of first instars produced was highest on cabbage (76.62 ± 11.79), while the daily first instar production was highest on cucumber (6.12 ± 1.81), whereas the total and daily first instar production rates were lowest on capsicum (7.67 ± 3.35 and 1.89 ± 0.91). F. occidentalis had the highest intrinsic rate of increase (rm) on cucumber (0.208), followed by cabbage (0.184), bean (0.164), tomato (0.100) and capsicum (0.017). The results indicate that cucumber was the most suitable host plant for F. occidentalis, whereas capsicum was the least suitable.
Bionomics of the acarophagous ladybird beetle Stethorus tridens fed Tetranychus evansi
Authors: Fiaboe K. K. M. , Gondim M. G. C. , De Moraes G. J. , Ogol C. K. P. O. , Knapp M. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract:The bionomics of Stethorus tridens Gordon fed Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard were studied in the laboratory. The number of prey consumed by S. tridens increased with increasing instar levels and the total mean number consumed during immature development was 184.1 ± 18.02 T. evansi nymphs per individual. For adult male and adult female, the daily consumption was 41.3 ± 0.80 and 67.8 ± 1.69 nymphs, respectively. Stethorus tridens successfully developed to adulthood between 20 and 30°C but failed at 10, 15 and 35°C. The lower thermal threshold for egg‐to‐adult development estimated via linear regression and the modified Logan model was 9.2 and 8.1°C, respectively. The optimum and maximum temperatures for egg‐to‐adult development were around 29–31 and 32.9°C, respectively. Egg to adult development time was 23.8 ± 0.24, 17.4 ± 0.22, 16.2 ± 0.22 and 12.1 ± 0.16 days at 20, 24, 27 and 30°C, respectively. At 27°C, the sex ratio, expressed as the proportion of females, was 0.54 and the mean preoviposition, oviposition and postoviposition periods were 10.3 ± 0.67, 31.2 ± 4.74 and 30.2 ± 5.24 days, respectively. The oviposition rate was 4.0 ± 0.16 eggs/female/day with a female mean longevity of 71.6 ± 6.19 days and an intrinsic rate of natural increase of 0.104. The potential of S. tridens as a candidate natural enemy of T. evansi is discussed.
Influence of salicylaldehyde and methyl salicylate on post‐landing behaviour of Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande
Authors: Koschier E. H. , Hoffmann D. , Riefler J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract:This study investigates behavioural responses of adult western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande; Thysan., Thripidae) females to direct contact with repellent phenylpropanoid plant compounds (salicylaldehyde and methyl salicylate) applied on bean and cucumber leaves. The residence time of F. occidentalis females until take off was significantly shorter on bean or cucumber leaf discs treated with salicylaldehyde at 1% concentration compared with control leaf discs. A methyl salicylate (1%) treatment of cucumber resulted in shorter time periods until thrips took off the treated leaf discs compared with the control leaf discs. In a choice experiment thrips avoided to settle on a 1% salicylaldehyde treatment of bean and cucumber leaf discs for a maximum of 3 h, on a 1% methyl salicylate treatment for a 5‐h period. Within a 24‐h period neither the egg‐laying nor the feeding activity of F. occidentalis was affected after salicylaldehyde application (0.1%, 1%) on bean or cucumber. In contrast, methyl salicylate (1%) applied on bean and cucumber significantly prevented thrips females from oviposition and reduced the percentage of damaged area caused by their feeding activity for 24 h. As olfactory repellent plant volatiles applied on crop plants may elicit diverse post‐landing responses of F. occidentalis, short‐ and long‐term effects should be considered when evaluating the factual applicability of secondary plant compounds in a successful thrips management strategy.
Dual pheromone dispenser for combined control of codling moth Cydia pomonella L. and oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lep., Tortricidae) in pears
Authors: Il'ichev A. L. , Williams D. G. , Gut L. J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract:Codling moth (CM) and oriental fruit moth (OFM) are very important orchard pests worldwide, and particularly in Victoria, Australia, where both species damage pome fruit. Individually CM and OFM have been controlled successfully by pheromone‐mediated mating disruption, but treatment of pome fruit with full registered rates of two individual hand‐applied dispensers for CM and OFM could be uneconomical for growers. Field trials conducted over three seasons in plots sprayed with insecticides consistently demonstrated that dual Isomate C/OFM TT dispensers, designed to disrupt both CM and OFM, were as effective as Isomate CTT and Isomate OFM Rosso dispensers applied individually in pears for control of CM and OFM respectively. The dual‐ and individual‐species dispensers reduced moth catches and fruit damage to a similar degree. The results suggest that combined control of CM and OFM in pears by applying dual Isomate C/OFM TT dispensers at the full‐recommended rate of 500 dispensers per hectare will be more economical than use of individual species dispensers, because the price and application cost of dual dispenser is about half that for individual dispensers.
Residential exposure to electric power transmission lines and risk of lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative disorders: a case–control study
Authors: Lowenthal R. M. , Tuck D. M. , Bray I. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Studies have shown an association between electromagnetic fields and childhood leukaemia. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an increased risk of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) or myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) associated with residence ≤300 m from high‐voltage power lines.Methods: Case–control study of 854 patients diagnosed with LPD or MPD (including leukaemia, lymphoma and related conditions) aged 0–94 years comprising all cases diagnosed in Tasmania between 1972 and 1980. Controls were individually matched for sex and approximate age at the time of diagnosis.Results: Compared with those who had always lived >300 m from a power line, those who had ever lived within 50 m had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.06 (95% confidence interval 0.87–4.91) for developing LPD or MPD (based on 768 adult case–control pairs); those who had lived between 50 and 300 m had an OR of 1.30 (0.88–1.91). Adults who had lived within 300 m of a power line during the first 15 years of life had a threefold increase in risk (OR 3.23; 1.26–8.29); those who had lived within the same distance aged 0–5 years had a fivefold increase in risk (OR 4.74; 0.98–22.9). These associations were strengthened when analyses were repeated for 201 pairs with entirely Tasmanian residential histories.Conclusion: Although recognizing that this study has limitations, the results raise the possibility that prolonged residence close to high‐voltage power lines, especially early in life, may increase the risk of the development of MPD and LPD later.