bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructive and destructive marital conflict, emotional security and children’s prosocial behavior
Authors: McCoy Kathleen , Cummings E. Mark , Davies Patrick T. 
Published: July 2008

Background:  This study addresses the gaps in understanding the relationship between constructive and destructive marital conflict and children’s prosocial behavior from a process‐oriented perspective.Method:  Data were drawn from a three‐wave study of 235 families with children ages 5–7 at wave 1. Relations between constructive and destructive marital conflict, children’s emotional security, warm parenting and children’s prosocial behavior were examined through the use of structural equation modeling.Results:  Even after controlling for prior levels of children’s prosocial behavior at wave 1, children’s emotional security acted as an intervening variable between both constructive and destructive marital conflict and children’s prosocial behavior over time.Conclusions:  These findings advance the relationship between marital conflict and children’s adjustment by focusing on children’s prosocial behavior and highlight the need to further investigate the impact of positive dimensions of marital conflict on dimensions of children’s positive social functioning.
Evidence for lekking in chiru
Authors: Buzzard P. J. , Bleisch W. V. , Xü D. , Zhang H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLek‐breeding or lekking is the clustering of small mating territories, which females visit primarily for mating. Although lekking is widespread in the animal kingdom, it is less commonly reported in ungulates. In this paper, we present data for the presence of lekking in another ungulate, the chiru or Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii. We drove 340 km of vehicle transects and observed chiru for a total of 249 scan samples and 22 h of ad libitum observations in the winters of 1998, 1999 and 2005 at the Arjin Mountain Nature Reserve in Xinjiang, China. We documented aggregations of chiru, courtship behaviour between males and females, dominance behaviours among males, time budgets for females at lekking aggregations as well as vegetational resources on and off the aggregations. Ninety‐two per cent (n=617) of individuals in mixed‐sex groups were at aggregations, and at these aggregations, chiru males attempted to maintain harems in small closely spaced territories despite harassment by other males. Females spent a large amount of time feeding, but the vegetation analyses showed that these territories did not contain any resources to make them especially attractive to females, and the chiru mating system can justifiably be called lekking by multiple definitions. We discuss possibilities for future work to clarify the adaptive reasons for lekking in chiru.
Repeated exposure to cocaine alters the modulation of mesocorticolimbic glutamate transmission by medial prefrontal cortex Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors
Authors: Xie Xiaohu , Steketee Jeffery D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRepeated cocaine exposure enhances glutamatergic output from the medial prefrontal cortex to subcortical brain regions. Loss of inhibitory control of cortical pyramidal neurons may partly account for this augmented cortical glutamate output. Recent research indicated that repeated cocaine exposure reduced the ability of cortical Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors to modulate behavioral and neurochemical responses to cocaine. Thus, experiments described below examined whether repeated cocaine exposure alters metabotropic glutamate receptor regulation of mesocorticolimbic glutamatergic transmission using in vivo microdialysis. Infusion of the Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist LY341495 into the medial prefrontal cortex enhanced glutamate release in this region, the nucleus accumbens and the ventral tegmental area in sensitized animals, compared to controls, following short‐term withdrawal but not after long‐term withdrawal. Additional studies demonstrated that vesicular (K+‐evoked) and non‐vesicular (cystine‐evoked) glutamate release in the medial prefrontal cortex was enhanced in sensitized animals, compared to controls, that resulted in part from a reduction in Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor modulation of these pools of glutamate. In summary, these findings indicate that the expression of sensitization to cocaine is correlated with an altered modulation of mesocorticolimbic glutamatergic transmission via reduction of Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor function.
Late stage treatment with arimoclomol delays disease progression and prevents protein aggregation in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS
Authors: Kalmar Bernadett , Novoselov Sergey , Gray Anna , Cheetham Michael E. , Margulis Boris , Greensmith Linda 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motoneuron degeneration, resulting in muscle paralysis and death, typically within 1–5 years of diagnosis. Although the pathogenesis of ALS remains unclear, there is evidence for the involvement of proteasome dysfunction and heat shock proteins in the disease. We have previously shown that treatment with a co‐inducer of the heat shock response called arimoclomol is effective in the SODG93A mouse model of ALS, delaying disease progression and extending the lifespan of SODG93A mice (Kieran et al. 2004). However, this previous study only examined the effects arimoclomol when treatment was initiated in pre‐ or early symptomatic stages of the disease. Clearly, to be of benefit to the majority of ALS patients, any therapy must be effective after symptom onset. In order to establish whether post‐symptomatic treatment with arimoclomol is effective, in this study we carried out a systematic assessment of different treatment regimes in SODG93A mice. Treatment with arimoclomol from early (75 days) or late (90 days) symptomatic stages significantly improved muscle function. Treatment from 75 days also significantly increased the lifespan of SODG93A mice, although treatment from 90 days has no significant effect on lifespan. The mechanism of action of arimoclomol involves potentiation of the heat shock response, and treatment with arimoclomol increased Hsp70 expression. Interestingly, this up‐regulation in Hsp70 was accompanied by a decrease in the number of ubiquitin‐positive aggregates in the spinal cord of treated SODG93A mice, suggesting that arimoclomol directly effects protein aggregation and degradation.
Is there more assimilation in Catalonia than in the Basque Country? Analysing dynamics of assimilation in nationalist contexts
Authors: DE LA CALLE LUIS , JEFFREY MILEY THOMAS 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article builds on recent attempts in political science to illuminate the ‘micro‐level’ mechanisms of identity formation. It analyses the dynamics of assimilation in two similar contexts with extremely salient regional‐nationalist movements: Catalonia and the Basque Country. It poses the question: In which of the two regions has there been more assimilation of demographically significant, internal‐immigrant segments of the population? It tests whether there has been more assimilation in Catalonia – a result expected from the allegedly more ‘civic’ nature of the nationalist movement there. To do so, it draws on and goes beyond the tools provided by David Laitin for operationalising assimilation. It uses existing public opinion surveys to construct and present assimilation indices for both regions. The authors show that though rates of ‘linguistic adaptation’ are higher in Catalonia, such adaptation correlates weakly with assimilation into feelings of subjective identification and the espousal of nationalist views and aspirations more generally. The article goes on to demonstrate that rates of assimilation, when measured using several more robust proxies for the feeling of national identity, are actually lower in Catalonia. The authors then proceed to provide a theoretical explanation for their surprising empirical results. The explanation stresses the causal role of institutional pressures – themselves the product of nationalist coalition‐building strategies – in accounting for patterns of linguistic adaptation and of cultural assimilation. Furthermore, it emphasises the relevance of ‘cultural demography’, particularly among natives/insiders, in accounting for the different nationalist strategies and the different intensity as well as different types of institutional pressures faced by immigrants/outsiders in the two regions.
Surgical and Conservative Management of Bilateral Dynamic Laryngeal Collapse Associated with Poll Flexion in Harness Race Horses
Authors: FJORDBAKK CATHRINE T. , STRAND ERIC , HANCHE‐OLSEN SIV 
Published: July 2008

Objective—To test the hypothesis that in bilateral dynamic laryngeal collapse associated with poll flexion, vocal fold collapse (VFC) is the initial abnormal event that induces further laryngeal collapse, and that racing performance would therefore be substantially improved after bilateral ventriculocordectomy in affected individuals.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Twenty‐six horses.Methods—Medical records (1998–2006) of harness racehorses admitted for high‐speed treadmill videoendoscopy (HSTV) that had bilateral dynamic laryngeal collapse associated with poll flexion were reviewed. Race records, owner interviews, and follow‐up HSTV were used to evaluate outcome after either surgical treatment including bilateral ventriculocordectomy or conservative management.Results—Bilateral dynamic laryngeal collapse, defined as bilateral VFC with concurrent arytenoid cartilage collapse (ACC), was identified in 26 horses. Norwegian Coldblooded Trotters (NCT) were overrepresented. Sixteen horses had surgical treatment and 10 were treated conservatively. Return to racing and racing performance was not improved within or between groups after the treatment. On follow‐up HSTV of 6 surgically treated horses, there was no residual soft tissue collapse in the ventral portion of the rima glottidis; however, ACC and other abnormalities were still evident.Conclusion—Bilateral ventriculocordectomy resolved VFC, but failed to stabilize the arytenoid cartilages or to significantly improve racing performance.Clinical Relevance—Bilateral dynamic laryngeal collapse associated with poll flexion is a serious performance‐limiting upper respiratory tract disorder that is overrepresented in NCT racehorses. Our results suggest that VFC is not the initiating event in this complex obstructive airway disorder for which there is currently no consistently effective treatment.
Locking Compression Plates for Pancarpal Arthrodesis in a Thoroughbred Filly
Authors: CARPENTER RYAN S. , GOODRICH LAURIE R. , BAXTER GARY M. , JOYCE JOLYNN , WALLIS TYSON W. 
Published: July 2008

Objective— To report treatment of a comminuted ulnar carpal (UC) bone fracture associated with carpal instability by pancarpal arthrodesis using 2 locking compression plates (LCP).Study Design— Case report.Animals— A 2‐year‐old Thoroughbred filly.Methods— An UC fracture and luxation of the proximal row of carpal bones was diagnosed radiographically. Pancarpal arthrodesis was performed with 2 LCP positioned dorsolaterally and dorsomedially and centered over the carpus through a single skin incision. The filly was maintained in a full limb cast for 15 days, followed by a tube cast for 14 days, and subsequently a full limb bandage with caudal splint for 21 days.Results— Two LCP provided appropriate carpal stability resulting in a pasture sound horse 6 months after surgery. The filly was discharged from the hospital 63 days after surgery, walking well with only a slight mechanical lameness.Conclusion— Use of 2 LCP applied on the dorsomedial and dorsolateral aspect of the carpus can provide carpal stability for pancarpal arthrodesis.Clinical Relevance— Excellent stability of the carpal joints can be achieved with 2 LCP.
Cervical Spinal Locking Plate in Combination with Cortical Ring Allograft for a One Level Fusion in Dogs with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: BERGMAN ROBERT L. , LEVINE JONATHAN M. , COATES JOAN R. , BAHR ANNE , HETTLICH BIANCA F. , KERWIN SHARON C. 
Published: July 2008

Objective—To evaluate use of a surgical technique commonly used in humans for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) in dogs.Design—Prospective case series.Animals—Dogs with CSM (n=10).Methods—Dogs weighing >30 kg that had CSM at 1 vertebral articulation were eligible for inclusion. Dogs had vertebral column distraction/fusion performed using a cortical ring allograft, cancellous autograft, and a spinal locking plate. Dogs were evaluated temporally by repeat neurological examinations and by client perception of postsurgical outcome, determined by telephone interview.Results—Nine dogs survived the immediate postoperative period. Seven of 8 dogs had moderate to complete improvement without recurrence (mean follow‐up, 2.48 years). The most common postsurgical complications were screw loosening (n=4) and plate shifting (2), neither of which required surgical revision. One dog had pseudoarthrosis that may have negatively impacted outcome.Conclusion—Treatment of single level CSM in dogs with ring allograft and a spinal locking plate system may lead to successful outcomes. The major problems encountered with included cost of the implants and adjusting the system designed for humans to fit the vertebral column of a dog.Clinical Relevance—For dogs with CSM at a single level, the use of a spinal locking plate in combination with a cortical ring allograft can be an effective surgical treatment. Costs of the implants as well as anatomic differences in dogs make this type of surgery less appealing.
Effect of Preoperative Erythromycin or Dexamethasone/Vitamin C on Postoperative Abomasal Emptying Rate in Dairy Cows Undergoing Surgical Correction of Abomasal Volvulus
Authors: WITTEK THOMAS , TISCHER KATJA , KÖRNER IMKE , SATTLER TATJANA , CONSTABLE PETER D. , FÜRLL MANFRED 
Published: July 2008

Objective—To determine the effects of preoperative erythromycin or combined dexamethasone/vitamin C treatment on postoperative abomasal emptying rate in cows undergoing surgical correction of abomasal volvulus (AV).Study Design—Prospective, controlled, clinical study using a convenience sample.Animals—Lactating Holstein–Friesian cows (n=45) with AV were alternately assigned to 3 groups (n=15): group C: untreated (control); group E: erythromycin (10 mg/kg intramuscularly [IM]); group D: dexamethasone (0.02 mg/kg intravenously [IV]) and vitamin C (10 mg/kg IV).Methods—Drugs were administered 1 hour before surgical correction of AV.d‐xylose solution (50%, 0.5 g/kg body weight) was injected into the abomasal lumen during surgery. Jugular venous blood samples for determination of serumd‐xylose concentration were periodically obtained. Time to maximal serumd‐xylose concentration (Tmax‐model) was pharmacokinetically determined.Results—Abomasal emptying rate was significantly (P<0.05) faster in group E (Tmax‐model=182±69 min; mean±SD) than in group C cows (Tmax‐model=237±64 min). Abomasal emptying rate was similar in group D (Tmax‐model=196±47 min) and group C. Both treatments improved postoperative milk yield within 1 day after surgery.Conclusion—Preoperative injection of erythromycin (10 mg/kg IM) is an effective method for ameliorating postoperative abomasal hypomotility in cows with AV.Clinical Relevance—Parenteral erythromycin can be recommended for preoperative treatment of cows with AV.
Assessment of Humeral Length in Dogs After Repair of Salter–Harris Type IV Fracture of the Lateral Part of the Humeral Condyle
Authors: LEFEBVRE JEAN‐BENOIT G. N. G. , ROBERTSON THOMAS R. A. , BAINES STEPHEN J. , JEFFERY NICHOLAS D. , LANGLEY‐HOBBS SORREL J. 
Published: July 2008

Objective—To evaluate the effect of fracture and subsequent repair on future bone growth of the humerus after Salter–Harris type IV fracture of the lateral part of the humeral condyle (LPHC).Study Design—Prospective study.Animals—Dogs (n=11).Methods—Dogs that had LPHC fracture and an open distal humeral physis repaired (1992–2006) were re‐examined and radiographed at ≥12 months of age and humeral length was measured.Result—Measurements from 11 dogs showed a significant (P=.02) increase in length of the humeral diaphysis of the affected leg compared with that of the intact limb (median, 1.2%; range, 1.3–3.4%). Condylar deformity secondary to growth disturbance was not observed.Conclusion—Shortening or growth deformity was not observed after fracture and repair even if a transcondylar screw was placed through the distal humeral growth plate. A mild overgrowth of the humeral diaphysis was observed, although likely considered clinically unimportant.Clinical Relevance—Fracture of the LPHC and subsequent repair in dogs >3 months of age do not impair growth of the humeral diaphysis. A transcondylar humeral screw placed through the humeral physis will not result in shortening of the humeral diaphysis. Implant removal to allow for further growth is therefore not indicated.
Evaluation of Continuous Infusion of Lidocaine on Gastrointestinal Tract Function in Normal Horses
Authors: RUSIECKI KAREN E. , NIETO JORGE E. , PUCHALSKI SARAH M. , SNYDER JACK R. 
Published: July 2008

Objective— To determine the effect of continuous infusion of lidocaine on fecal transit time in normal horses.Study Design— Experimental randomized cross‐over study.Animals— Healthy horses (n=6).Methods— Barium‐filled microspheres were administered to horses by nasogastric intubation and feces were collected every 2 hours for 4 days. A bolus of 2% lidocaine (1.3 mg/kg) was administered randomly, followed by a continuous infusion of lidocaine (0.05 mg/kg/min) for 3 days or an equivalent volume of saline. The washout period was 10 days. Variables assessed included defecation frequency, weight of feces produced, intestinal transit time (number of microspheres observed on radiographs), fecal moisture content, borborygmus score, heart and respiratory rate, and signs of lidocaine toxicity (e.g., ataxia, CNS depression).Results— During the first 24 hours of lidocaine administration, mean (±SD) fecal output (10.8±6.9 kg) was decreased compared with controls (15±4.9 kg). Mean (±SEM) time for passing 50% of the barium‐filled microspheres was shorter in controls (42±1.13 hours) compared with the lidocaine group (50±1.32 hours).Conclusions— Continuous infusion of lidocaine increases the transit time of feces in normal horses.Clinical Relevance— Clinicians need to be aware of the effects of using a continuous infusion of lidocaine on the transit time of feces in normal horses, with a potential for exacerbating those effects when combined with drugs that decrease motility and in horses with medical colic (e.g., impaction) or where a diagnosis has not been made.
Mandibular Osteodistraction for Correction of Deep Bite Class II Malocclusion in a Horse
Authors: VERWILGHEN DENIS , VAN GALEN GABY , VANDERHEYDEN LAURENT , BUSONI VALERIA , SALCICCIA ALEXANDRA , BALLIGAND MARC , SERTEYN DIDIER , GRULKE SIGRID 
Published: July 2008

Objective— To describe a technique for, and outcome after, mandibular osteodistraction in the horse.Study Design— Clinical report.Animals— Warmblood horse.Methods— A half ring external fixator was applied on both sides of an osteotomy site performed on the mandible of a colt. A bite plate was placed on the upper incisors creating occlusion between lower and upper jaw. After a 5‐day latency period, distraction was applied (1 mm/day) until the overjet was judged normal.Results— Mandibular elongation and correction of brachygnathia was obtained without major complications. Six months after the procedure the overjet reduction was considered stable.Conclusions— Mandibular osteodistraction can be considered for treatment of severe brachygnathia in yearlings.Clinical Relevance— Distraction osteogenesis has the advantage of progressive elongation of the mandible, allowing concurrent bone remodeling and soft tissue adaptation. Severe mandibular incisor malocclusion in horses outside the maximal growth phase can be corrected using this technique.
In Vitro Model for Testing Novel Implants for Equine Laryngoplasty
Authors: CHEETHAM JON , WITTE THOMAS H. , SODERHOLM LEO V. , HERMANSON JOHN W. , DUCHARME NORM G. 
Published: July 2008

Objective—To develop an in vitro laryngeal model to mimic airflow and pressures experienced by horses at maximal exercise with which to test laryngoplasty techniques.Study Design—Randomized complete block.Sample Population—Cadaveric equine larynges (n=10).Methods—Equine larynges were collected at necropsy and a bilateral prosthetic laryngoplasty suture was placed with #5 Fiberwire™suture to achieve bilateral maximal arytenoid abduction. Each larynx was positioned in a flow chamber and subjected to static flow and dynamic flow cycling at 2 Hz. Tracheal pressure and flow, and pressure within the flow chamber were recorded at a sampling frequency of 500 Hz. Data obtained were compared with the published physiologic values for horses exercising at maximal exercise.Results—Under static flow conditions, the testing system produced inspiratory tracheal pressures (mean±SEM) of −33.0±0.98 mm Hg at a flow of 54.48±1.8 L/s. Pressure in the flow chamber was −8.1±2.2 mm Hg producing a translaryngeal impedance of 0.56±0.15 mm Hg/L/s. Under dynamic conditions, cycling flow and pressure were reproduced at a frequency of 2 Hz, the peak inspiratory (mean±SEM) pharyngeal and tracheal pressures across all larynges were −8.85±2.5 and −35.54±1.6 mm Hg, respectively. Peak inspiratory flow was 51.65±2.3 L/s and impedance was 0.57±0.06 mm Hg/L/s.Conclusions—The model produced inspiratory pressures similar to those in horses at maximal exercise when airflows experienced at exercise were used.Clinical Relevance—This model will allow testing of multiple novel techniques and may facilitate development of improved techniques for prosthetic laryngoplasty.
Sharing culture or selling out? Developing the commodified persona in the heritage industry
Authors: Bunten Alexis Celeste 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTNative American professionals in the heritage industry often describe their work as “sharing culture” when they are involved in processes of transforming features of their cultures into alienable products for consumption. Participation in the heritage industry can be a powerful catalyst for local cultural reproduction, but it also poses a danger to those aspects of culture that Natives consciously protect from commodification. Drawing from a case study of a Native American–owned cultural‐tourism business in Alaska, I explore the ways that tourism workers respond to this threat through the construction of what I call a “commodified persona.”[cultural commodification, representation, Northwest Coast, tourism]
Tradition in fragments: Inherited forms and fractures in the ethics of south India
Authors: PANDIAN ANAND 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT“Tradition” is a vital concept for anthropology, framing cultural and ethical life in the present as a field of inherited possibilities. The work of Alasdair MacIntyre yields useful means for understanding the concept, but certain of his postulates concerning the necessary coherence of moral traditions may be queried and loosened. I explicate this argument with evidence drawn from a fragmentary tradition of moral virtue in south India, one that persists through scattered forms of moral argumentation, rival narratives and images of a moral selfhood, and diverse domains of ethical practice through which such arguments and narratives find articulation. [tradition, ethics, selfhood, fragment, narrative, practice, India]