bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Client Language as a Mediator of Motivational Interviewing Efficacy: Where Is the Evidence?
Authors: Moyers Theresa B. , Martin Tim , Christopher Paulette J. , Houck Jon M. , Tonigan J. Scott , Amrhein Paul C. 
Published: September 2007

Background:  Identifying in‐session indicators of client outcomes is important in determining the mechanisms of psychotherapeutic treatments, including Motivational Interviewing (MI). The current studies sought to determine if clinician behavior influences client speech, and the extent to which client speech predicted treatment outcome in clients receiving treatment for substance abuse.Methods:  Study 1 examined 38 sessions from 5 sites in Project MATCH. Sessions were coded using the Sequential Code for Process Exchanges (SCOPE) behavioral coding system. Transition probabilities and inter‐rater reliability were calculated. Study 2 examined 45 sessions from the New Mexico site in Project MATCH. Sessions were coded using the MISC 1.0 behavioral coding system. Distal outcome measures were calculated for proportion of days abstinent (PDA) and drinks per drinking day (DDD). Hierarchical multiple regression and hierarchical logistic regression were used to characterize the relationship between client speech and outcome.Results:  In Study 1, inter‐rater reliability estimates indicate that coders reliably distinguished between the categories within the SCOPE. Behaviors consistent with MI (MICO) were significantly likely to be followed by client Change Talk (CT) and behaviors inconsistent with MI (MIIN) were significantly likely to be followed by Counterchange Talk (CCT). There was also a significant negative transition probability between MICO and CCT. In Study 2, CT was found to account for significant portions of outcome variability beyond that attributable to baseline measures of problem severity.Conclusions:  Client speech during early therapy sessions appears to be a powerful predictor of substance abuse outcome. The pattern of therapist behaviors and subsequent client language found in this data supports the intervention test in the causal chain we have described for motivational interviewing. These studies provide preliminary support for a causal chain between therapist behaviors, subsequent client speech, and drinking outcomes within motivational interviewing sessions. The results of both studies provide further support to the proposition that client speech impacts the likelihood of behavioral change, and that the occurrence of such speech is influenced by the therapist.
Advances in Causal Chain Development and Testing in Alcohol Research: Mediation, Suppression, Moderation, Mediated Moderation, and Moderated Mediation
Authors: Wirtz Philip W. 
Published: September 2007

Background:  While causal modeling is generally well known to alcohol researchers, several causal structures (including suppression, mediated moderation, and moderated mediation) are often poorly understood and seldom employed when investigators seek to model the complex mechanisms of behavior change, despite their widespread applicability to the field.Methods:  This paper compares and contrasts five basic structures of causal modeling in the context of contemporary alcohol research and demonstrates how mechanisms of behavior change can be conceptualized and tested as parallel and serial sequences of these basic causal structures, forming causal chains.Conclusion:  Recent methodological developments, while representing an important advancement for the field, fail to adequately address the complexities of alcohol dependence phenomena. A differentiation between frequently combined forms of these causal structures is proposed that would better address the needs of the field.
Treatment Processes and Mediators of Substance Use Disorders Treatment Effects: The Benefits of Side Road Excursions
Authors: Finney John W. 
Published: September 2007

Background:  This article provides some commentary on six brief presentations on treatment processes and mediators of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment effects that were made at the 2005 Research Society on Alcoholism Satellite Preconference on “The Search for Mechanisms of Change in Evidence‐Based Behavioral Treatments.”Methods:  Six presentations are discussed.Results:  The foci of the presentations ranged from the linkages of intermediate outcomes of cognitive‐behavioral and 12‐step treatment (e.g., spirituality) to posttreatment substance use to the relationship between treatment completion of brief motivational interviewing and treatment outcome. None of the six presentations met all or even most of the criteria for analyses of mediation of intervention effects outlined by Kazdin and Nock. In fact, some did not examine mediation at all. However, the presentations were valuable in illustrating that important new knowledge can be gained from addressing SUD treatment processes and mechanisms of treatment change.Conclusions:  Given the paucity of extant research on mediation of SUD treatment effects, correlational explorations of treatment processes and treatment mediators are useful at this point, even though most mediational analyses do not meet many of the criteria listed by Kazdin and Nock. More attention should be devoted to assessing mediators before the assessment of outcome variables (e.g., during treatment) in order to address temporal precedence. Only after reasonable evidence has accrued regarding statistical mediation (expected associations, temporal precedence, reduction in treatment effects when putative mediator is controlled) does it make sense to mount expensive studies with experimental designs to examine causal mediation effects.
International consensus on histologic diagnosis of early hepatocellular neoplasia
Authors: Wanless Ian R. 
Published: September 2007

1. The precursor lesions for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma are believed to be high‐grade dysplastic nodules. These lesions have atypical and proliferative features that distinguish them from normal or cirrhotic liver but are not sufficient for the diagnosis of carcinoma.2. Individual HGDN are often heterogeneous and complete sampling may reveal regions of carcinoma within these otherwise benign lesions.3. Invasion of stroma is considered a definitive feature of HCC. However, this feature is not always present in early HCC and is seldom found in needle biopsies.4. Accurate diagnosis of dysplastic nodules and well‐differentiated HCC requires skill and experience. However, accurate diagnosis with needle biopsies may be impossible if the highest grade of atypia is not sampled. Fine needle aspiration is not appropriate for small lesions that are expected to be early hepatic neoplasia. This technique should be reserved for suspected moderate‐ or poorly differentiated HCC.
Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) score for staging hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Daniele Bruno , Annunziata Mena , Barletta Emiddio , Tinessa Vincenza , Di Maio Massimo 
Published: September 2007

Aim:  To assess the prognostic ability of the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) score in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after a longer follow up.Methods:  The updated survival data were derived from an analysis that was performed on two joined sets of data. The first set was collected retrospectively in 1995 and was used to perform an exploratory prognostic factor analysis (the CLIP‐03 study), that produced the CLIP score. The second set of data was collected prospectively for the CLIP‐01 randomized clinical trial.Results:  Out of 912 overall patients, analysis was performed on 650 patients whose records contained all informationregarding prognostic factors. The median survival of the whole group of patients was 17.7 months and the 5‐year survival rate was 10.7%. The median survival of the patients was inversely proportional to the CLIP score: the higher the CLIP score the worse the survival.Conclusions:  The CLIP score keeps good prognostic and discriminative abilities after a longer follow up and remains one the most useful prognostic system for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hydrocarbon potential of the Kish Bank Basin: integration within a regional model for the Greater Irish Sea Basin
Authors: Dunford G. M. , Dancer P. N. , Long K. D. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

The Kish Bank Basin lies in the western Irish Sea
c.
20 km east of Dublin. It is one of a number of remnants of a larger Permo-Triassic basin system that may have extended across the whole of the Irish Sea. It has a geological history similar to that of the East Irish Sea Basin, initially developing by the reactivation of Caledonian faults that controlled subsequent deposition during Dinantian and Namurian time, with Westphalian deposition in a sag-basin that overstepped the adjacent basement highs. Variscan dextral transpression resulted in the formation of the Codling and Bray faults, and Permian to Jurassic extension formed a set of north-south-trending faults. Liassic outliers are preserved in the hanging walls of the basin margin faults. Early Cretaceous uplift was followed by chalk deposition. Tertiary movements reactivated older faults, isolating the Kish Bank Basin, and producing 9 km of dextral strike-slip along the Codling Fault Zone. The main reservoir in the hydrocarbon play is provided by the Sherwood Sandstone Group, as successfully exploited in the East Irish Sea. Three wells have been drilled to test this reservoir. These encountered high-quality Sherwood Sandstone reservoirs beneath the good potential seal of the Mercia Mudstone Group (which included thick halites). Source rock potential is from either the Westphalian Coal Measures, as penetrated in well 33/22-1, or from inferred Dinantian to Namurian basinal shales. There is good evidence of an active source system, with oil shows in wells 33/17-1 and 33/22-1, data from geochemical analysis of sea-bed cores, a ‘Seepfinder’ survey, sea-bed mounds and seismic evidence of shallow gas. The main risks of the play are the migration pathway and the timing of trap formation with respect to migration. Migration favours the eastern side of the basin, and many of the tilted fault blocks that formed during Permian to Jurassic time have been modified by Early Cretaceous inversion and by Tertiary strike-slip compression. All of the structures that have been drilled to date have been either formed or modified after the time of peak hydrocarbon generation and migration.
The geology and geophysics of the SW Kinsale gas accumulation
Authors: O'Sullivan John M. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

The SW Kinsale gas accumulation is located in blocks 48/20 and 48/25 in the North Celtic Sea Basin, 50 km off the south coast of Ireland. The field lies in
c.
100 m of water. The discovery well, 48/25-2, was drilled in 1971 and encountered gas-bearing fluviatile sandstones in the Lower Cretaceous Wealden sequence. In 1995, well 48/25-3 was drilled close to the discovery well on the southwestern limb of the Kinsale Head anticline, which is thought to have formed during Tertiary basin inversion. The well data indicate that this southwestern area is in pressure isolation from the main Kinsale Head Field, which lies in the central and eastern sectors of the structure. In 1997 a 3D seismic survey was acquired to assess the suitability of the field as a potential gas storage site. These data suggest that SW Kinsale is in structural isolation from the main Kinsale Head Field. Mapping of the 3D volume reveals SW Kinsale to comprise a relatively simple low-relief anticline. There is
c.
160 m of closure from −810 m true vertical depth sub-sea (TVDSS) at its crest to −968 m TVDSS along a syncline to the north. The accumulation is thought to have a shared gaswater contact with the main Kinsale Head Field at −945 m TVDSS, beneath which lies a transition zone to −968 m TVDSS. The area within closure is close to 1200 ha. These data also suggest that the reservoir has undergone a minimal degree of structural compartmentalization. A major Wealden channel axis is interpreted to transect the field. Southwest Kinsale is thought to contain 1.1–1.4 BCM (billion cubic metres) gas initially in place with about 0.85 BCM recoverable. The field was recently developed as a single well sub-sea tieback to the Kinsale Bravo platform. First gas deliveries from the field took place in late 1999.
Exploring in the Slyne Basin: a geophysical challenge
Authors: Dancer P. Nick , Pillar Nick W. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

The Slyne Basin lies
c.
60 km offshore west of Ireland, in water depths of 200–500 m. It consists of three asymmetric half-graben that are separated by complex structural transfer zones. Sporadic exploration in the basin over the last 20 years has resulted in the drilling of four exploration wells, which have yielded one gas discovery. Well 18/20-1 (Corrib) successfully tested a faulted anticlinal structure and encountered gas in the Triassic Sherwood Sandstone Formation. Although a number of other potential hydrocarbon traps have been identified in the Slyne Basin, the poor quality of the seismic data, plus the presence of complex transfer zones, has generated considerable uncertainty with respect to the correlation of seismic markers. A primary control on the seismic data quality is the presence of near-sea-bed, high-velocity, Tertiary volcanic and Cretaceous chalk layers. These result in very strong and long multiple trains, energy scattering, mode conversion and attenuation. Studies suggest that improved signal penetration can be achieved when the seismic acquisition is focused on the low-frequency end of the spectrum. However, predictive multiple attenuation has proved ineffective because of the complex nature of the multiple generators. An approach based on detailed velocity analysis and the judicious parameterization of more than one pass of Radon demultiple has yielded good results. This approach, coupled with 3D acquisition and processing with its inherent increase in signal-to-noise ratio, has led to a dramatic improvement in the seismic data quality in the Corrib area.
Provenance implications of reworked palynomorphs in Mesozoic successions of the Porcupine and North Porcupine basins, offshore Ireland
Authors: Smith J. , Higgs K. T. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Reworked Late Carboniferous palynomorphs are recorded from mudrocks within Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sandstone-prone horizons from five wells (26/28-A1, 26/28-A1Z, 35/19-1, 35/8-1 and 35/8-2) in the Porcupine and North Porcupine Basin area, offshore western Ireland. Reworked palynomorphs are recognized by their anomalous biostratigraphic age; differences in colour and preservation are less significant. The reworked palynomorphs are remarkably well preserved and are thermally relatively immature in comparison with
in situ
onshore palynomorphs of a similar age. This indicates that the source of the reworked palynomorphs was not the onshore Upper Carboniferous successions of the Irish mainland. They were probably derived, along with the associated sand, from the immediate basin margin to the east, as this is the only area where there is suitably aged material with an appropriate thermal history. Reworking of rift flank Late Carboniferous material was thus an important factor in the provenance of Mesozoic sandstone horizons throughout the Porcupine and North Porcupine basins and surrounding areas. The study demonstrates that the investigation of reworked palynomorphs can be an important aspect of provenance studies in general.
Cenozoic and Cretaceous transient uplift in the Porcupine Basin and its relationship to a mantle plume
Authors: Jones Stephen M. , White Nicky , Lovell Bryan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe Mesozoic and Cenozoic history of the Porcupine Basin may be broadly summarized as a Jurassic synrift phase, followed by Cretaceous and Cenozoic post-rift subsidence. Two periods, Early Cretaceous and Early Eocene times, do not fit the simple pattern of post-rift subsidence and are characterized by increased sedimentation. We recognize distinctive sedimentological responses to the basin flanks being either exposed or submerged, and infer that transient regional uplift caused the Early Eocene event. Modelling subsidence histories of wells and of the Porcupine Bank allows quantification of the magnitude and timing of anomalous uplift and subsidence. Transient uplift of 300–600 m occurred at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary, followed by subsidence of 500–800 m after Early Eocene time, over a period with a minimum length of 25 Ma and a maximum of 55 Ma. Renewed rifting is unlikely to be responsible for the Paleogene subsidence because it cannot account for the preceding uplift, and significant normal faults of Paleogene age are absent. A Paleogene uplift-subsidence cycle has also been noted in the basins surrounding Scotland and along Hatton continental margin. One way to explain regional subsidence between Eocene time and the present is that the European plate moved off the topographic swell above the Iceland plume following continental separation between Greenland and Europe in Early Eocene time. Another possibility is that an anomalously hot layerc.50 km thick was emplaced beneath the entire region just before the onset of sea-floor spreading in Early Eocene time and was then dissipated by convection following continental separation. A Cretaceous transient uplift-subsidence cycle that shares many similarities with the Paleogene cycle is also recognized. Immediately following Late Jurassic rifting, 200–700 m transient uplift occurred in Early Cretaceous time, followed by 0–500 m subsidence coeval with the onset of sea-floor spreading at the Goban Spur margin. The Cretaceous uplift-subsidence cycle might also be caused by anomalously hot mantle.
Carbonate mounds and slope failures in the Porcupine Basin: a development model involving fluid venting
Authors: Henriet J. P. , De Mol B. , Vanneste M. , Huvenne V. , Van Rooij D. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
High-resolution reflection seismic investigations carried out in the Porcupine Basin, SW of Ireland, have shed light on the presence of several provinces of giant carbonate mounds. An intriguing setting is found on the northern slope of the basin. A cluster of surface mounds appears to be flanked by a large upslope, crescent-shaped province of buried mounds. Below the transitional zone, large imbricated slide scars suggest repeated failures. The buried mounds rise from an undisturbed basal horizon and seem to represent a single event, confined in time and space. Both high-resolution and industrial seismic data reveal a close vertical match of the mound cluster with a lower, buried sea-bed failure, where hydrate build-up may have played a role. The latter association may not be entirely fortuitous. It is suggested that gas venting may have triggered the formation of the mound clusters, and that the underlying sea-bed failure forms a previous but different expression of gas venting, on a common, episodic fluid migration pathway but under strongly contrasting bottom water temperature conditions.
Interpretation of transverse gravity lineaments in the Rockall Basin
Authors: McGrane K. , Readman P. W. , O’Reilly B. M. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
A number of regional transverse gravity lineaments crosscutting the Rockall Basin are interpreted from satellite gravity data. Euler deconvolution carried out on gravity data along a wide-angle seismic profile indicates that a major NW-SE-trending lineament within the basin reflects pronounced variations in crustal structure and sedimentary thickness. These thickness variations are interpreted as the result of cross-basin faulting along a zone defined by this lineament. Transverse gravity lineaments to the north of this feature are similarly interpreted as major cross-basin fault zones.
The structural style and evolution of the Bróna Basin
Authors: Thomson A. , McWilliam A. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The Bróna Basin lies on the eastern margin of the Rockall Basin and has a NNE-SSW trend. Although at present undrilled it is believed to contain Carboniferous, Triassic and Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous strata. It probably formed as a product of Late Jurassic rifting, which ultimately resulted in the creation of the Rockall Basin. The basin history is complex and its present form is the result of pre-Jurassic structuring, Late Jurassic rifting, later (latest Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous, and Early Tertiary) compressional pulses, and the effects of thermal subsidence in the adjacent Rockall Basin. The development of the Bróna Basin is of direct relevance to understanding the geological evolution of the other marginal basins lying on the flanks of the Rockall Basin, and to the Rockall region as a whole.
A Mid- to Late Cenozoic tectonostratigraphic framework for the Rockall Trough
Authors: Stoker M. S. , Van Weering T. C. E. , Svaerdborg T. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRegional subsidence in late Eocene time resulted in a marked change in the style of sedimentation in the Rockall Trough, coincident with the onset of bottom-current activity in the region. This subsidence is manifest by a shut-down of shelf-derived sediment supply, and the formation of a deep-water unconformity (reflector C30) caused by bottom-current erosion. The unconformity is particularly enhanced on the flanks of the basin where the downwarped and eroded surface of Eocene and older strata is onlapped by middle to upper Cenozoic sediments. The latter comprise three megasequences, RTc (of late Eocene to early Miocene age), RTb (of early Miocene to early Pliocene age) and RTa (of early Pliocene to Holocene age), which consist predominantly of deep-marine contourites, although a prograding clastic wedge has built out along the Hebrides-Malin margin since early Pliocene time. These megasequences reflect a gross three-stage depositional history; predominantly a response to intra-plate tectonism that modified sedimentation patterns and palaeoceanographic circulation. Megasequences RTc and RTb are separated by reflector C20, a reflective zone formed by lithification and diagenetic changes in lower Miocene strata, whereas RTb and RTa are separated by reflector C10, an early Pliocene angular unconformity. The development of C20 and C10 reflects major phases of Neogene basin evolution and can be linked, respectively, to the submergence of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge and the uplift and erosion of northern Britain and Ireland.