bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE OILINESS OF LIQUIDS. II. FRICTION COEFFICIENTS OF THE FILMS OF MONO-AND POLY-MOLECULAR LAYERS
Authors: Akamatu Hideo , Sameshima Jitsusaburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The static friction coefficients have been measured when the monomolecular films of some fatty acids, etc. are deposited on glass surface.
(2) The static friction coefficients have been measured on palmitic acid and oleic acid, when the film thickness increase from one to several molecular layers.
(3) The friction coefficient of the monomolecular film is about one tenth of that of the clean glass surface. The value shows no further reduction by the increase of the thickness of film.
(4) Regular arrangement of oil molecules in the film gives lower friction coefficient than the irregular one.
The Formation of l-Threose
Authors: Iwadare Koichi , Fukunaga Shozo , Kubota Bennosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) l-Threose diacetamide has been obtained by the Wohl’s method of degrading sugars from l-xylose which was prepared from d-sorbitol by Vargha’s method.
(2) It has been found that this l-threose diacetamide melts at 164–165° (corr.) and has a specific dextrorotation of +10.8° in water. These properties are in good harmony with R. Hockett’s value and sign, and do not agree with those of Deulofeu.
(3) This l-threose diacetamide has been submitted to hydrolysis with 1/3 N and 1/10 N sulphuric acid respectively. From these experiments the equilibrium specific rotation of l-threose in dilute sulphuric acid was determined to be +13.1°. It has a little higher value (about 0.6°) compared with Hockett’s d-isomer, but it is now clear that the pure l-threose expected by Hockett has been obtained.
Studies on the Raman Effect of Organic Substances. VIII. Raman Effect of Furane Derivatives
Authors: Matsuno Kichimatsu , Han Kwan 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The Raman spectra of methyl and ethyl esters of α-furfuracrylic acid, cinnamic acid, α-furylpropionic acid, and hydrocinnamic acid have been measured.
(2) On comparing the Raman spectra of α-furfuracrylates with those of trans-cinnamates and other cinnamic compounds, the so-called stable furfuracrylates are considered as the trans-esters.
Measurement of Circular Dichroism in the Ultra-Violet Regions. I
Authors: Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. An accurate method of measuring circular dichroism has been proposed.
2. The general equation for the measurement has been worked out.
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
3. The range of applicability was discussed for the approximate equation,
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
In order to make use of this equation with permissible errors less than 0.01, 0.1, and 1%, the following conditions should be complied with:
|(εr−εl)cd|&lt;0.04 for 0.01% ,
|(εr−εl)cd|&lt;0.15 for 0.1% ,
and |(εr−εl)cd|&lt;0.50 for 1% .
4. The light absorption, the rotatory dispersion, and the circular dichroism in the visible and the ultra-violet regions were measured for ammonium α-bromocamphor-π-sulphonate.
The Paramagnetic Isomerisation of Maleic Acid into Fumaric Acid in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Tamamushi Bunichi , Akiyama Hajime 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the isomerisation of maleic acid into fumaric acid in aqueous solution is accerelated by the presence of molecular oxygen, platinum black, palladium black, and various paramagnetic ions, where the isomerisation being probably effectuated by the non-homogeneous magnetic fields of the catalysts in the collision.
The isomerisation of maleic acid to fumaric acid in aqueous solution has been kinetically studied both in the presence of paramagnetic oxygen molecules and in the presence of diamagnetic nitrogen molecules, and the energy of activation of the reaction has been calculated. The lower energy of activation in the reaction with oxygen accounts for the catalytic action of the oxygen molecules.
The Electrolytic Formation of Persulphate. Part IV. Influence of Temperature
Authors: Matsuda Ryoichi , Konya Hideo , Nishimori Teruichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) 7 n ammonium sulphate solution and 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 36 n sulphuric acid are electrolysed without diaphragm. 10 n sulphuric acid is also electrolysed with diaphragm. Current efficiency is observed for various current densities and temperatures, the latter being 5°, 15°, and 25°C.
(2) The mechanism of the anodic formation of persulphuric acid is discussed from the relation between the temperature and current efficiency, and the fresh results of electrolyses described in this paper can be accounted for by the view that persulphuric acid is formed by the oxidation of sulphuric acid with the anodic oxygen which was proposed in Part I, and confirmed in Part II of this investigation.
(3) An interesting similarity is noticed which exists between the electrolysis of 15 n sulphuric acid made at various temperatures and that of the same made with various OH′-ion concentrations.
Studies on the Unsaturated Lower Fatty Acids. On the Crystalline Derivatives of the Unsaturated Lower Fatty Acids
Authors: Komori Saburo , Ueno Sei-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) It is recognized that the tetradecenoic acid of “Tohaku” oil is tsuzuic acid.
(2) The authors have prepared pure obtusilic, linderic, and tetra-decenoic acids from the “Tohaku” oil, and have determined their physical properties and the melting points of their crystalline derivatives.
Condensation of Diethyl Tartrate with Cyclic Ketones and the Molecular Rotation of the Resulting Compounds
Authors: Tsuzuki Yojiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) It has been shown that the condensation of diethyl tartrate with cyclic ketones can be effected with great ease by the use of phosphorus pentoxide as condensation reagent.
(2) New products obtained by condensing diethyl tartrate with cyclic ketones, namely cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and three isomeric methylcyclohexanones, have been described, and their physical constants have been compared in a table.
(3) The molecular rotation of these homologous compounds decreases as the parachor of the ketone-residue in the condensation product increases, but the influence by the position of the substituent is noticed: the substitution of a methyl group at ortho-position is the most effective, and that of meta-position is nearly ineffective.
On the Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide by Colloidal Platinum-carbonyl
Authors: Sano Isamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by colloidal platinum-carbonyl as well as colloidal platinum obtainabe from it was examined.
(2) In the former case, the reaction proceeds as unimolecular after it passed through an induction period, while in the latter case, it deviates apprecialy from unimolecular throughout the course of the reaction concerned.
(3) Some considerations were made on these facts.
Studes on the Oiliness of Liquids. VI. Measurements of the Kinetic Friction Coefficients by the Method of Sliding Velocity
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Measurements of the kinetic friction coefficient have been made to study the oiliness of liquids. The method consists of the observation of the sliding velocity of a slider on an inclined surface lubricated with the liquid to be tested. Special apparatus has been constructed to measure the sliding velocity.
(2) It is confirmed that the kinetic friction coefficient is generally independent of the velocity over the range of the experiment (up to about 100 cm./sec.), and the following equation holds.
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
where v is the mean velocity of the slider on the surface of the inclination θ. The above equation lacks the viscosity term, so the conditons of the boundary lubrication are considered to be satisfied.
(3) The kinetic friction coefficients of glycerin, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols, acetic acid, and water have been measured.
The Heat of Formation and the Specific Heat of Silicon Nitride
Authors: Satoh Shun-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
As the specific heat of silicon nitride has not yet been determined, the mean specific heat of silicon nitride was measured by the ice calorimeter over three temperature intervals: 0–99.5, 0–316.4, and 0–585°C., and the equation of the true specific heat was obtained which holds good over the above temperature ranges:
C=0.1656+1.847×10^-4t-4.5×10^-8t^2.
By using this value, the heat of formation of silicon nitride was computed from the dissociation pressure of silicon nitride at high temperatures. The result obtained is as follows:
3Si+2N_2=Si_3N_4+163,000.
The relationship between the heats of formation of nitrides of the elements belonging to the second series of the periodic table and their atomic numbers is discussed.
On the Nature of Foam. I. Stability of the Foam Produced by the Aqueous Solutions of Alcohols and Acids
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) An apparatus for the measurement of the stability of foam has been described and the stability is measured by the height of the foam produced by the air current of a constant velocity.
(2) The relation between the velocity of the air current v and the height H of the foam produced was examined and the equation S·v=H−a has been obtained, in which S is the stability of foam and a a constant. The value a is negligible compared with H under the conditions of the present experiments.
(3) The measurements of the stabilities were carried out for the aqueous solutions of alcohols and fatty acids, from which several conclu？ions have been obtained.
The Thixotropic and Plastic Behaviour of Suspensions of Barium Sulphate with Clay
Authors: Tamamushi Bunichi , Sekiguchi Yaichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Non-thixotropic suspensions of BaSO4 become thixotropic on adding certain amounts of a sodium-clay formed from a natural hydrogenclay.
(2) The plasticity of the suspensions of BaSO4 increases when the sodium-clay is added.
(3) The correlation among thixotropy, loose packing of particles (large volume of sedimentation), and isothermal plasticity, which is now generally accepted, is evident also in systems under investigation.
(4) A characteristic influence of the particle size of BaSO4 on thixotropy and plasticity of the systems is mentioned.
On the Nature of Foam. II. The Foam Formation of Ternary System, Acetic Acid–Ethyl Ether–Water
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The foam formation of the liquid ternary system of acetic acid–ethyl ether–Water was measured by means of a shaking apparatus which was properly constructed for this purpose.
(2) The life time of foam produced and the height of foam zone have been measured.
(3) The diagrams were made between the degree of foam formation and the composition, and several conclusions were obtained on the foam formation of the mixture belonging to homogeneous and heterogeneous regions of the above ternary system.
On the Catalytic Decomposition of Oxalic Acid by Colloidal Platinum-carbonyl
Authors: Sano Isamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The decomposition of aqueous solutions of oxalic acid (0.10, 0.05, 0.025 N) due to oxidation accelerated by colloidal platinum-carbonyl of red colour as well as colloidal platinum of black colour obtainable from it was, in the presence of oxygen and diffused day-light, studied during a period extending several hundred hours at 25.0 °C. and thirty hours at 50.0 °C.
(2) In the case where the red sol is added as catalyst, the reaction proceeds as unimolecular after it passed through an induction period and subsequently a transition period, while in the case where the black sol is added, it proceeds as the above after a transition period, no induction period presenting itself.
(3) The more dilute the acid solution, the more stable is the sol throughout the course of the experiment and consequently, the larger is the velocity constant.
(4) The mechanism of the reaction was discussed on these facts.
The Effect of the Silent Electrical Discharge on the Synthesis of Monochloroacetic Acid
Authors: Isomura Yutaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Silent electrical discharge is very effective to produce monochloroacetic acid from acetic acid and chlorine by using red phosphorus as catalyser, and it increases 15-100% of the yield of monochloroacetic acid compared with the formerly obtained results. The yield of 62.8% in four hours running is one of the best record that is attained in the experiment using red phosphorus (10%) as catalyser. A new equation (E) is proposed to clear up several questions involved in the formerly believed equation (A).
(2) The reaction between acetic acid and chlorine was carried out under the influence of the silent electrical discharge, using iodine, red phosphorus, and phosphorus pentachloride as catalyser. The reaction is expressed by the equation (A). The yields of 79.2% in the reaction for three hours discharge and 80.0%, for four hours discharge, are far better than the yield of 66% reported by Bruckner. This is chiefly due to the effect of the new modified catalyser and of the silent electrical discharge.
Chemical Studies of the Western Pacific Ocean. I. The Chemical Composition of the Oceanic Salt. Part 1
Authors: Miyake Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The major constituents of sea water from the Western Pacific Ocean near Japan have been quantitatively determined. The analytical results are as follows: the difference in the compositions between the world’s average and the Western Pacific is very small, except that the values of sodium and potassium are a little lower, while those of chloride and magnesium are but slightly higher, in the latter than in the former.
(2) It is quite noteworthy that there is an astonishing agreement between the analytical results of the west and the northeast side of the Pacific Ocean.
(3) A new indicator has been used for the determination of chlorinity; that is a mixed solution of fluorescein and starch. The superiority of this indicator has been briefly discussed.
In conclusion, the author wishes to express his hearty thanks to Prof. T. Okada, Director of the Central Meteorological Observatory of Japan, for his kind guidance and the permission of publishing this report. He is also indebted to Mr. H. Matui for his earnest assistance throughout this work.
Chemical Studies of the Western Pacific Ocean. V. The Vertical Variation of Minor Constituents in the “Kurosio” Region. Part 1
Authors: Miyake Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The vertical variations of chlorinity, temperature, the oxygen content and the hydrogen ion concentration in the region of the “Kurosio” (the Japan-Current) were investigated.
(2) From the result above, the vertical structure of the “Kurosio” was discussed.
In conclusion, the author wishes to express his hearty thanks to Professor T. Okada, Director of the Central Meteorological Observatory of Japan, for his kind guidance and the permission of publishing this report. He is also indebted to Mr. H. Matui for the assistance of the work.
The Photochemical Dehydrogenation of 7-Dehydrocholestene
Authors: Tominaga Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
7-Dehydrocholestene was exposed to sunlight with eosin in alcohol–benzene solution in the absence of oxygen. A product analogous to ergopinacone from ergosterol was obtained. Thus it was demonstrated that the carbon atom 3 or any group attached there does not take part in the photochemical dehydrogenation of ergosterol and its analogues.
Studies on the Organic Molecular Compounds. Part II. The Influence of Nitro Radicals and Second Substitution Radicals on the Formation of the Aromatic–Nitroaromatic Molecular Compounds. II
Authors: Shinomiya Chiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The molecular compounds of various nitrobenenes with naphthylamines, naphthols, and naphthalene were systematically compared and the compound formations discussed by means of solid—liquid phase diagrams.
On the Catalytic Decomposition of Oxalic Acid by Colloidal Platinum
Authors: Sano Isamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The decomposition of aqueous solutions of oxalic acid (0.10, 0.05 and 0.025 n) due to oxidation accelerated by colloidal platinum obtained through the process of dialysis of colloidal platinum-carbonyl was investigated, in the presence of oxygen and diffused day-light, during a period extending over thirty hours at 50.0°C.
(2) It appears that the greater part of the course of reaction proceeds in accordance with the formula for the type of zero order after it passed incipiently through a short period of transition and the rate of reaction is scarcely influenced by the concentration of reacting solution.
(3) It was definitely shown that the reaction should be retarded if the supply of oxygen is cut off.
(4) The above results were explained in conformity with the mechanism of reaction previously proposed.
Studies on the Organic Molecular Compounds. Part V. On the Formation of Some Crystalline Organic Molecular Compounds
Authors: Shinomiya Chiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Compound-formation in the crystalline state was found to be most closely related to the configuration, especially, to the molecular shape of the two components. Molecular compounds of different types were distinguished by the mode of compound-formation, such as the type of phase diagrams, “melting point elevation”, and halochromism.
Molecular Structures of Fluorobenzene and o-Difluorobenzene by Electron Diffraction
Authors: Oosaka Hazime 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The molecular structures of fluorobenzene and o-difluorobenezene have been investigated by the electron diffraction method. The C-F distances in these molecules have been determined as 1.34±0.04 Å and 1.35±0.03 Å, respectively. These distances are shorter than expected from the covalent radii of Pauling and Huggins. This shortening has been discussed in terms of resonance among several valence-bond structures. The dipole moment of halogen-substituted benzenes has been considered in relation to the carbon-halogen distances and the double bond character of the linkage.
Polymerisation of Tung Oil. II. Gelation of Tung Oil by Catalytic Action of Iodine
Authors: Tatimori Monzi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The gelation times of tung oil catalysed by iodine in various organic solvents were measured.
(2) The relation between gelation time t, concentration of tung oil x and amount of iodine z is expressed by the formula
logt=ax+b/zx.
(3) In the solution having violet tint, iodine has a strong gelation accelerating action, but in the yellowish brown solution the accelerating action of iodine is very weak.
(4) Organic acids and nitrobenzene are exceptions of the above fact (3) and in spite of yellowish brown tint, have strong gelation accelerating action.
(5) In the iodine solutions of mixed solvents the gelation time increases with the increase of yellowish tint.
(6) Difference in catalytic action of iodine solutions is considered to be due to the difference of molecular state of iodine in the solution. Generally solvated solution of iodine has poor catalytic action.
(7) Generally iodine in the solvent having high dielectric constant shows strong gelation accelerating action.
The Addition of Hydrogen Bromide to Cholesteryl Bromide and the Oxygen Effect
Authors: Urushibara Yoshiyuki , Nambu Keiiti , Ando Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Hydrogen bromide was added to cholesteryl bromide in carbon tetrachloride. In the presence of catechol or ferric chloride a hydrobromide melting at 101.5° was obtained. Addition in ethereal solution gave the same product. Simultaneous action of oxygen yielded another hydrobromide melting at 154° and a substance with the composition of a dibromide of cholesteryl bromide. The direction of addition of hydrogen bromide is assumed to follow the examples of additions to simpler ethenoid compounds. The properties and the transformations of the hydrobromides are described. The both hydrobromides lose hydrogen bromide more or less easily.
On the Metallo-organic Compounds IX. Tris-trimethyltin oxonium halide, ((CH3)3Sn)3OX
Authors: Harada Taichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Tris-trimethyltin-oxonium halide ((CH3)3Sn)3OX has been prepared by the direct treatment (or in a dry solvent, for example, dry petroleum ether) of ((CH3)3Sn)2O with (CH3)3SnX according to the equation: ((CH3)3Sn)2O+Sn(CH3)3X=((CH3)3Sn)3OX.
Optical Activity and Chemical Structure in Tartaric Acid. X. Influence of Substituent and Solvent Effect
Authors: Tsuzuki Yojiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By comparing the molecular rotation of some bridged derivatives of tartaric acid, (Remark: Graphics omitted.) obtained by condensing aliphatic aldehydes with ethyl d-tartrate, it has been found that the laevo-rotation of the compounds diminishes with increasing bulk (parachor) of R, that is, R affects the positive partial rotation.
It has been shown that the molecular rotation of these compounds is greater than the isomer, (Remark: Graphics omitted.) obtained by the condensation of ketone with ethyl d-tartrate. This phenomenon is to be explained by the idea of vicinal effect of the radicals R1 and R2.
It has been shown that the sequence of solvents arranged in order of the effect on the rotation of these compounds is
Benzene&gt;alcohol&gt;cyclohexane.
and that it is related with the refractive index together with the association of the liquid.
Properties of Mercury Oxide as an Active Material of Positive Electrode in Alkaline Storage Cell
Authors: Kinoshita Kyôji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Mercury oxide (both red and yellow) can be used into the electrode plate of the alkaline accumulator in the pasted form by mixing silver oxide.
(2) Its discharge characteristic curve varies in two stages, the first stage being caused by the discharge of silver oxide and the terminal voltage of about 0.95 volt, and the second stage being caused by mercury oxide.
(3) Mercury oxide seems to be a considerably poor substance in the electrical conductivity and the mixing of silver oxide raises its electrical conductivity.
The Separation of Iso- and Normal Butyl Alcohols from Hydrocarbons by Azeotropic Distillation
Authors: Negishi Ryoji , Isobe Chiharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new method has been devised, employing the principle of azootropic distillation, to separate iso- and normal butyl alcohols from hydrocarbons.
This method has been applied to the binary systems of iso- and normal alcohols with toluene. It has also been tried with the mixtures of the alcohols and gasoline. The individual components have been separated, and it has been shown that this method is accurate within 5% when the amount of the component to be separated is about 5 c.c.; 3% when it is 10 c.c; and about 1% or less for the amount larger than 15 c.c.
Polymerisation of Tung Oil. VII. Effects of Various Inorganic Substances upon the Gelation of Tung Oil
Authors: Tatimori Monzi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) As inorganic reagent besides sulphur and selenium, 16 kinds of elements, 28 of halides, 18 of nitrates, 23 of sulphates, 17 of oxides and 29 of other miscellaneous substances were used. Many of the halides have strong gelation accelerating actions and magnesium compounds have strong gelation retarding actions.
Metallic sodium acts gelation accelerating and manganese, compounds which are used as oxidation catalysers in paint industry, act as gelation retarding catalysers. Generally speaking acidic substances have gelation accelerating and basic substances have gelation retarding action.
(2) Gelation retarding power of S and Se are very strong and the gelation time of tung oil becomes infinitely long when added with 0.05% of regents. At the same concentration the gelation retarding action of Se is stronger than that of S.
(3) The relation between the logarithm of gelation time and the amount of S added is linear. These results can be applied also to the systems of mixture of tung oil and soya bean oil.
(4) S, Se and I2 have isomerisation action upon tung oil at room temperature when irradiated by ultraviolet light.
(5) The gelation time of tung oil increases with the lapse of time from addition of S, so there is an intimate connection between the isomerisation and the gelation retarding action.