bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro investigations in asthmatic children undergoing hyposensitization with tyrosine‐adsorbed Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen
Authors: TURNER M. W. , YALCIN I. , SOOTHILL J. F. , PRICE J. F. , WARNER J.O. , HEY E. N. , CHAPMAN M. D. , PLATTS‐MILLS T. A. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySuccessful hyposensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in perennial childhood asthma was associated with a slight mean rise of serum IgG antibody to the mite antigen in contrast to a placebo group in whom this antibody fell slightly. No relationship was detected between the effect on asthma and the magnitude of this change, Nor was there any consistent effect on IgE or IgA antibody.There was a wide range of total serum IgE and IgE, IgG and IgA antibody to D. pteronyssinus before treatment; this level did not predict the effect of treatment. Some patients lacked IgA antibody.IgE antibody to timothy grass pollen was raised in some but not others. These levels did not change systematically during the study and improvement occurred in those who had this antibody as well as IgE antibody to D. pteronyssinus.IgG and IgE antibodies to D. pteronyssinus were significantly correlated in the pre‐treatment samples.Lymphocyte thymidine uptake was lower after 8 weeks of treatment than in the control group, not only after stimulus with D. pteronyssinus antigen, in vitro, but also with antigen from Candida albicans. This was not a serum effect.The late bronchial provocation response was lost only in those with serum IgA less than the log mean for age.
High allergic reactivity in a tropical environment
Authors: LYNCH NEIL R. , Di PRISCO‐FUENMAYOR MARÍA C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe prevalence of atopic disease in tropical populations is often considered to be low, and this has been attributed to an immunological modulating effect of intestinal helminthiasis. We, however, report that the frequency of positive allergic history and skin‐test reactivity to groups of major environmental allergens is extremely high (43 and 63% respectively) in children in Caracas, Venezuela (Lat. 10°N).These values were statistically significantly greater than in a group of children with a similar age and sex distribution studied in parallel, but having limited or no contact with a tropical environment (29 and 37% respectively). The two groups differed with respect to the sporadic and light intestinal helminthic infections (such as ascariasis) experienced by the Venezuelans, compared to rare contact in the ‘non‐tropical’ group. This was probably the cause of the increased total serum IgE levels of the former children (369 vs 68 iu/ml), and possibly, therefore, their higher allergic reactivity.
Factors influencing the occurrence of a late reaction to allergen challenge in atopic asthmatics
Authors: MacINTYRE D. , BOYD G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThirty extrinsic asthmatics were challenged by inhalation with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract. In twenty‐four an immediate reaction was observed and in sixteen this was followed by a late reaction. Those with late reactions tended to have more severe asthma but did not report greater sensitivity to housedust mite. The occurrence of a late reaction was not related to the degree of airways obstruction before challenge or to the intensity of the immediate reaction. Patients in whom the early reaction was induced by a low dose of inhaled antigen were those most likely to develop a late response. Results of histamine challenge testing suggested that this greater sensitivity of the airway might in part be due to greater non‐specific bronchial reactivity.
A new immunoperoxidase assay for Lolium perenne‐specltic IgE in serum based on the biotin/avidin system (BAS)
Authors: PLEBANI A. , NOTARANGELO L. D. , MONAFO V. , NESPOLI L. , UGAZIO A.G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA new solid‐phase immunoassay based on the biotin/avidin system (BAS) for measuring scrum Lolium perenne (LP)‐specific IgE antibody is described. LP‐specific IgE was assayed by the BAS assay and RAST for comparison in the sera of thirty‐two normal asymptomatic subjects R AST‐negative for LP and of twenty‐six subjects with hay fever and R AST‐positive for LP. The specificity of the BAS assay for LP‐specific IgE was demonstrated by absorption experiments. An overall agreement of 91% (53/58) was observed between the BAS and RAST and a high correlation (r= 0.87. P < 0.001) was found between the LP‐specific IgE determined by the two methods. The advantages of ihe BAS assay as compared to both the RAST and classical ELISA arc discussed.
Prediction of late asthmatic responses to inhaled allergen
Authors: BOULET L.‐P. , ROBERTS R. S. , DOLOVICH J. , HARGREAVE F. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRelationships between cutaneous and bronchial responses to allergen were examined in nineteen atopic asthmatics. Allergen inhalation tests elicited an isolated early asthmatic response (EAR) in ten subjects and a dual asthmatic response (DAR) in nine subjects. Ragweed IgE RAST, performed with the sera of those patients tested with ragweed antigen, yielded higher values in all but one patient who experienced DAR than any of the patients with EAR. In one patient with annual symptoms in the ragweed season, positive skin tests with ragweed antigen and DAR to inhaled ragweed extracts, the IgE RAST was entirely negative and the serum IgE concentration was low. Dilutions of the allergen used in each individual for inhalation were also used in skin‐prick tests. Early cutaneous allergic response (ECAR) mean wheal diameters were obtained at 10 min and late cutaneous allergic response (LCAR) mean diameters at 6‐8 hr. Early asthmatic response (EAR) subjects differed modestly from DAR subjects in the relationships between ECAR and LCAR; in the EAR group, a significantly larger wheal diameter (P < 0.01) was required before an LCAR ensued, however there was some overlap. Once LCAR developed, there was no difference between EAR and DAR groups in the magnitude of the LCAR. There was a trend (not significant) towards a requirement for a higher antigen concentration in the EAR group to elicit an LCAR.In conclusion, correlates of an isolated EAR from inhaled antigen include: (i) a low positive IgE RAST result with the antigen, (ii) ECAR 6 mm or greater with the antigen which does not proceed to a LCAR, and (iii) a high concentration of antigen is needed in skin tests to elicit an LCAR. Correlates of a DAR include:(i) a high IgE RAST result with the antigen, (ii) an ECAR wheal diameter less than 5 mm with the antigen proceeds to a LCAR, and (iii) a low antigen concentration in skin tests elicits an LCAR.The observed correspondence between the tendency to late skin and late airway responses is evidence of a common immunologic basis.
Skin and radioallergosorbent tests in patients with sensitivity to bee and wasp venom
Authors: HARRIES M. G. , KEMENY D. M. , YOULTEN L. J. F. , McK. MILLS MARIE , LESSOF M. H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIntradermal (ID) and prick tests with bee or wasp venom (Pharmalgen) have been performed on 102 subjects with a history of adverse reactions to stings and forty‐six control subjects giving no such history. Venom was diluted 100, 10 and 1 μg/ml for prick testing and 10‐2, 10‐2, 10‐3 and 10‐4%mUg/ml for ID injections.In forty‐six control subjects all were tested with the highest concentration of prick testing solution (100 μg/ml), eight (17%) had positive reactions, a similar reaction rate to that reported in control subjects using 10‐1μg/ml ID. In our 102 test subjects skin tests were therefore regarded as positive only if the reaction was elicited by 10‐2μg/ml or less by prick test of 10‐2μg/ml or less ID.In general the results with skin prick tests and ID tests were comparable when the prick solution was 1000 times the concentration of that used for ID testing. ID tests were positive in thirteen with negative skin prick, seven of whom had detectable antibodies when tested by RAST. Conversely four with a positive skin prick test (two of whom were RAST positive) were considered negative on ID testing. As judged either by RAST or skin tests it appeared that sensitivity diminished with the time interval from the last sting (P< 0‐001).
Passage of cows' milk protein in breast milk
Authors: STUART C. A. , TWISELTON R. , NICHOLAS M. K. , HIDE D. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAn enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay has been used to search for lactoglobulin and bovine casein in breast milk. Initial results suggest this may be a simple and useful method for such studies. Detection and prevention of antigen passage could influence the prevalence of atopic disease.
Allergic urticaria and hereditary angioedema
Authors: MOWBRAY J. F. , BROSTOFF L 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA patient presented with both allergic urticaria and hereditary angioedema. The two conditions occurred independently, the urticaria being associated with allergy to food (which could be managed by control of the diet), whereas the angioedema was associated with C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency.
Challenge tests with tartrazine in patients with asthma associated with intolerance to analgesics (ASA‐Triad)
Authors: MORALES M. C. , BASOMBA A. , PELAEZ A. , VILLALMANZO I. GARCIA , CAMPOS A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn a study of the incidence of respiratory reaction to tartrazine, challenge tests were made with doses of 5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg of tartrazine and with a placebo, on forty‐seven patients with asthma associated with intolerance to analgesics (ASA‐Triad). The patient's clinical and spirographic condition was satisfactory when the test was made, and the administration of bronchodilators had been stopped 24 hr previously.In a total of 141 tests with tartrazine on forty‐seven patients, only five tests were positive and occurred in only four patients. In three patients the test gave a negative result when repeated with an identical or larger dose of tartrazine. Only one patient had a respiratory reaction with 5 mg of tartrazine on two successive occasions, and this result is considered doubtful bearing in mind that the variation in FEV1 was at its limit. All the tests with placebo were negative except one.The clinical lability of the ASA‐Triad patients could be the cause of some of the respiratory reactions attributed to tartrazine in some studies. The lability could, above all, be dependent on the suppression of the symptomatic treatment.The inconvenience associated with a colour‐free diet and the small incidence of proven reactions to tartrazine, tend to invalidate the practice of recommending such diets unless evidence is available of a positive challenge test on at least two occasions. Even so, the risks induced are minimal.
A longitudinal study of possible allergy to enzyme detergents
Authors: PEPYS J. , MITCHELL J. , HAWKINS R. , MALO L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOne hundred and thirty‐six subjects with asthma and/or hay fever were surveyed for possible sensitization to the Bacillus licheniformis protease present in the commercial antigenically identical enzymes (Alcalase® and Maxatase®) used in household detergents. Prick‐test reactions reported as minimally positive were given by one subject to both commercial enzyme preparations at the same standard non‐irritating concentrations and by four others to one but not the other antigenically identical enzyme. Two of the five, and an additional seven, gave weak prick tests to the purified enzyme (Koch‐Light Protease) at test protein concentrations 100 times stronger and to which non‐specific irritation occurs. The findings are strongly against interpretation of these reactions as positive and were on no occasion comparable with those in sensitive workers. The skin‐test reactions are attributable to non‐specific effects. Neither enzyme‐specific RAST IgH tests nor clinical histories suggested clinical sensitivity. Enzyme‐specific RAST IgE for eighty‐eight subjects over a period of 5 years showed no correlation with exposure. None had developed specific IgH levels like those of sensitized workers, and their RAST levels did not differ significantly from cord blood, unexposed subjects and prick‐test‐negative workers. The eight with the largest increase in specific IgE were prick‐test‐negative and their clinical reactions to enzyme detergents were comparable to those of non‐enzyme detergents. There is no evidence from this study that exposure to modern, non‐dusty household enzyme‐containing detergents is likely to lead to clinical sensitization.
Eosinophils, bronchial hyperreactivity and late‐phase asthmatic reactions
Authors: DURHAM S. R. , KAY A. B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe have measured airways reactivity (methacholine PC20) and blood eosinophils in eleven asthmatics with allergen‐induced late‐phase reactions. Before challenge there was a significant (P<0.05) inverse correlation between blood eosinophils and the methacholine PC20. After allergen inhalation eosinophil counts were significantly (P<0.01) elevated at 24 hr. These increases in blood eosinophil counts were not observed in patients who developed single early responses. The magnitude of the changes in eosinophil counts (24 hr minus pre‐challenge values) also correlated with the baseline methacholine PC20 (P<0.01) in the late‐phase responders. These observations suggest that there may be a direct association between eosinophils and airway reactivity in subjects who develop late‐phase asthmatic reactions.
Reaginic allergy to Parthenium pollen: evaluation by skin test and RAST
Authors: RAO M. , PRAKASH O. , RAO P. V. SUBBA 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe pollen of Parthenium hysterophorus, an alien weed growing wild in India was found to be a potential source of allergic rhinitis. A clinical survey showed that 34% of the patients suffering from rhinitis and 12% suffering from bronchial asthma gave positive skin‐prick test reactions to Parthenium pollen antigen extracts. Parthenium‐specific IgE was detected in the sera of sixteen out of twenty‐four patients suffering from seasonal rhinitis. There was 66% correlation between skin test and RAST.
Natural killer cell activity in atopic dermatitis: a sequential study
Authors: LEVER ROSEMARY S. , LESKO M. J. , MACKIE RONA M. , PARROTT DELPHINE M. V. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIt is well‐recognized that patients with atopic dermatitis handle certain cutaneous viral infections poorly. As natural killer (NK) cell activity is considered to contribute to the immune response to viral infection, seven young adults with atopic dermatitis had their NK cell function assessed over a 12‐month period. Natural killer cell activity was found to correlate inversely with disease activity. The more active the disease, the greater was the reduction in NK cell function (P<0.01). In addition, a strong correlation between clinical activity and IgE was shown (P<0.001).
Analysis of tobacco leaf allergens by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis
Authors: LEHRER S. B. , McCANTS MARJORIE , AUKRUST L , SALVAGGIO J. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe reactivity of eleven ‘tobacco smoke sensitive’ and eight ‘non‐sensitive’ individuals to tobacco leaf allergens was tested by Crossed Radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE). All nineteen study subjects had IgE antibodies to tobacco leaf antigens as measured by Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST) and seventeen of the nineteen individuals were atopic. Of the thirty‐seven tobacco leaf precipitins detected by Cross Immunoelectro‐phoresis (CIE), three were identified as allergens by CRIE. All nineteen subjects reacted to at least one of the three allergens detected. However, neither the intensity nor the incidence of reactivity with any of the three allergens correlated with smoking or ‘smoke sensitivity’.
Early and late allergic bronchial reactions: physiological characteristics
Authors: MACHADO LAVINIA , STÅLENHEIM G. , MALMBERG P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwenty‐four patients with asthma of suspected allergic origin were subjected to a total of twenty‐five bronchial provocations with the relevant allergen. Eighteen of them reacted with bronchial obstruction: eleven with an isolated early reaction, five with a dual reaction and two with only a late reaction. Extensive lung function tests were performed. The patterns of early and late reactions were qualitatively very similar regarding variables of pulmonary physiological function, but there were quantitative differences. Patients with dual reactions showed significantly greater changes in FEV1, RV and TGV during the early response than those with isolated early reactions. Maximum mid‐expiratory flow rates with the patients breathing air and a mixture of He and O2 were measured before and 6 hr after the challenges. Four of five patients with both an immediate and a late response showed a decrease in the response to helium during the latter phase, suggesting increasing involvement of the small airways. An increase in the slope of the alveolar plateau (phase III) was observed in four of the five patients with dual responses and all five had increased CC%. It was concluded that the changes in pulmonary function occurring during the dual responses were widespread, involving the airways generally and resembling those in the clinically more severe asthma. Usually, individuals with dual reactions showed stronger reactions. In two cases, however, a late reaction was obtained without any preceding early reaction.
Cross‐reactivity between deciduous trees during immunotherapy. I. In vivo results
Authors: MÖLLER C. , DREBORG S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThirty‐nine children with rhinoconjunctivitis due to birch pollinosis were given immunotherapy for 3 years with a potent, purified pollen preparation made from either birch alone or from a mixture of birch, alder and hazel. The therapy was evaluated with self‐evaluation after each season, daily symptom score during the season, conjunctival provocation test and skin‐prick test. All children but one considered that their condition had been improved by the treatment. Symptom scores decreased slightly more in the group treated with the mixture than in the group treated with birch only due to symptoms decreasing faster in the mixture treated group after each pollen peak (P< 0.001). The sensitivity of the conjunctiva and the skin decreased significantly in both groups but without any significant differences between the groups. After 3 years the conjunctival sensitivity correlated strongly to eye symptoms during the season. Immunotherapy with a mixture of birch, alder and hazel appears to be at least as effective as a preparation made from birch only when treating birch pollinosis even in a region where birch is totally dominating among the pollens from deciduous trees.
Occupational asthma caused by African maple (Obeche) and Ramin: evidence of cross reactivity between these two woods
Authors: HINOJOSA M. , LOSADA E. , MONEO I. , DOMINGUEZ J. , CARRILLO TERESA , SANCHEZ‐CANO M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFour patients with occupational asthma were studied. All patients were exposed to African maple dust and two of them were also exposed to Ramin dust. Skin tests and bronchial provocation tests with African maple extracts revealed an immediate response in all patients, and the same tests performed with Ramin extracts again revealed an immediate reaction in either exposed or non‐exposed patients to Ramin wood dust. Specific IgE antibodies against African maple extracts were demonstrated in all patients as measured by a reverse enzyme immunoassay. Cross reactivity between both woods was demonstrated by a reverse enzyme immunoassay inhibition study. Unexposed persons and exposed asymptomatic workers did not exhibit reactivity to both woods in any of the tests listed above. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article in which occupational asthma due to Ramin is defined, and cross sensitivity between two different woods is demonstrated.
Morphological and secretory properties of bronchoalveolar lavage mast cells in respiratory diseases
Authors: WARDLAW A. J. , CROMWELL O. , CELESTINO D. , FITZHARRIS P. , GEDDES D. M. , COLLINS J. V. , KAY A. B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe have studied various functional and morphological characteristics of mast cells obtained in bronchoalveolar lavage from fifty‐two patients with several lung diseases. The percentage of mast cells ranged from 0.04 to 0.6% (bronchial carcinoma). 0.05–0.3% (sarcoidosis), 0.06–0.25% (asthma), 0.04–1.8% (miscellaneous) and 0.02–0.04% (normals). There were no significant differences in the mast cell counts between the disease groups. Lung mast cells exhibited heterogeneity of size, shape and intensity of staining. Cells from thirty‐seven subjects were further studied for total histamine content and histamine release using various secretagogues. There was a significant correlation (P<0.001) between the histamine content of the total lavage cell population and mast cell counts. The calculated mean histamine content per mast cell was 6.35 pg. Histamine was released in a dose‐dependent fashion after stimulation with anti‐IgE, calcium ionophore and phorbol myristate acetate with a time course of histamine release characteristic of the mast cell. Unlike peripheral blood basophils, no release was observed following incubation with f‐met‐leu‐phe (10−6‐10−8m) and neither cell type released histamine following incubation with 48/80 (10 μg/ml). Inhibition of anti‐IgE‐induced histamine release was obtained following pre‐incubation with salbutamol (10−4‐10−6m). These studies indicate that bronchoalveolar lavage is a suitable model for the study of human lung mast cells.
RAST inhibition: a collaborative study on its suitability and reproducibility for the assay of cocksfoot pollen extracts
Authors: SEAGROATT VALERIE , FORD ANNETTE 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe suitability and reproducibility of the inhibition mode of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) as a method for the assay of allergen extracts was examined in a collaborative study involving seven laboratories. Participants assayed five coded extracts of cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata) pollen, including three batches from one manufacturer, both by a common method and by their local methods of RAST inhibition. For the versions of RAST inhibition employed in this study the estimates of relative potencies of the extracts were in agreement. Further, when laboratories used their local methods, the inter‐laboratory variation in potency estimates was similar to that found when laboratories used the common method. It was concluded that RAST inhibition has a useful role in the assessment of the potencies of allergen extracts, and of the consistency of serial batches of extracts from individual manufacturers.
Results of skin test and RAST in allergy to a clinically potent allergen (castor bean)
Authors: PANZANI R. , JOHANSSON S. G. O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn order to investigate once more the usefulness of the RAST procedure in the diagnosis of reaginic hypersensitivity, we studied a series of patients showing a well known sensitivity to castor bean, which is a potent antigen, and compared the results with those given by patients with no clinical allergy to this antigen as confirmed by negative skin testing. The latter group included patients with no contact, a remote contact or a close contact with castor bean. Castor bean allergy seems to be a good model in the testing of human reaginic hypersensitivity. We observed in the castor bean positive group of forty‐one patients a 95% correlation between RAST positivity and skin test positivity with only two negative RAST scores, and in the castor bean negative group of ninety‐four patients, a 97% correlation, with three RAST positive scores. For its specificity and its good sensibility (although lesser than skin testing), RAST can thus be recommended as a diagnostic tool as a complement to skin testing. Moreover, for potent allergens, RAST offers a risk‐free diagnostic alternative.