bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of bone gain and neurosensory affection with the sandwich osteotomy technique for vertically deficient posterior mandible using a full digital workflow versus conventional protocol: A randomized split mouth study
Authors: Moussa Ahmed K. , Shawky Mohamed , Aly Lobna Abdel Aziz , Mounir Mohamed , Esmael Waleed F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundUsing the sandwich osteotomy technique in the posterior mandible is delicate. This study aimed to assess the safety and the amount of bone gain using a full digital workflow versus the conventional procedure.Patients and methodsThis split mouth study included 10 patients with bilateral vertically deficient posterior mandible. One side received conventional sandwich interpositional bone grafting (control group), while the other side received the same protocol using two patient‐specific guides. The first guide (cutting guide) was used to place the osteotomies safely and accurately according to the predetermined dimensions and locations, and the second guide was used to fix the mobilized bony segment, leaving the desired gap to be filled with a particulate xenogenic bone graft.ResultsFull neurosensory recovery was documented at 2 months postoperative for all patients and bilaterally. After 4 months, there was a statistically significant difference in vertical bone gain between both groups (p = 0.001), measuring an average of 3.76 ± 0.72 mm in the study group and 2.69 ± 0.37 mm in the control group. No statistically significant difference was found between the planned vertical augmentation (3.85 ± 0.58 mm) and the obtained vertical bone gain (3.76 ± 0.72 mm) in the study group (p = 0.765) proving the accuracy of the guided procedure.ConclusionComputer‐guided sandwich interpositional grafting is predictable regarding the execution of the osteotomies and the accuracy of fixation of the transport segment.
Within‐individual reproducibility of a dual sample oral cholate challenge test (DuO) and simplified versions of the HepQuant SHUNT test
Authors: McRae Michael P. , Kittelson John , Helmke Steve M. , Everson Gregory T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCurrent noninvasive liver tests measure fibrosis, inflammation, or steatosis and do not measure function. The HepQuant platform of noninvasive tests uniquely assesses both liver function and physiology through the hepatic uptake of stable isotopes of cholate. However, the prototypical HepQuant SHUNT test (SHUNT V1.0) is cumbersome to administer, requiring intravenous and oral administration of cholate and six peripheral venous blood samples over 90 min. To alleviate the burden of test administration, we explored whether an oral only (DuO) version, and other simplified versions, of the test could provide reproducible measurements of liver function. DuO requires only oral dosing and two blood samples over 60 min. The simplified SHUNT test versions were SHUNT V1.1 (oral and IV dosing but four blood samples) and SHUNT V2.0 (oral and IV dosing but only two blood samples over 60 min). In this paper, we describe the reproducibility of DuO and the simplified SHUNT tests relative to that of SHUNT V1.0; equivalency is described in a separate paper. Data from two studies comprising 236 SHUNT tests in 94 subjects were analyzed retrospectively by each method. All simplified methods were highly reproducible across test parameters with intraclass correlation coefficients >0.93 for test parameters Disease Severity Index (DSI) and Hepatic Reserve. DuO and SHUNT V2.0 improved reproducibility in measuring portal‐systemic shunting (SHUNT%). These simplified tests, particularly DuO and SHUNT V2.0, are easier to administer and less invasive, thus, having the potential to be more widely accepted by care providers administering the test and by patients receiving the test.
Evaluating the expansion of African species into Europe driven by climate change
Authors: López‐Ramírez Sandro , Márquez Ana Luz , Real Raimundo , Muñoz Antonio‐Román 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimOngoing climate change is presently influencing the distribution ranges of numerous species, with both range expansions and latitudinal shifts being observed. In southern Europe, a biogeographical border that separates African and European biota, while at the same time acting as a migration bridge for many species, these changes are of particular relevance. This study aimed to analyse the responses of nine typically African birds to climate change to provide information on the ongoing and future occupation of Europe by these species.LocationWestern Palearctic and surrounding areas.MethodsTo this end, the distributions of the species in their native ranges were modelled, both in the present and in future climate scenarios, using their current breeding ranges and a set of topographic and climatic variables. The climatic favourability for the nine species was then combined using fuzzy logic.ResultsThe results showed that southern Europe is highly favourable for our set of African birds, except for Rüppell's Vulture, and future forecasts indicated that this favourability would increase further north, again excluding the African Vulture.Main conclusionsIf the climate continues to warm, further arrivals of individuals are to be expected, increasing the possibility that self‐sustaining populations may become established in southern Europe. Furthermore, new African species may start to occupy this area, with the likelihood of an Africanisation of the European fauna. Considering the role played by southern Europe as a potential focal point for the colonisation of this continent by African species, it is important to track their northward expansion and future spread.
Cognitive outcome and its neural correlates after cardiorespiratory arrest in childhood
Authors: Geva Sharon , Hoskote Aparna , Saini Maneet , Clark Christopher A. , Banks Tina , Chong W. K. Kling , Baldeweg Torsten , de Haan Michelle , Vargha‐Khadem Faraneh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHypoxia‐ischaemia (HI) can result in structural brain abnormalities, which in turn can lead to behavioural deficits in various cognitive and motor domains, in both adult and paediatric populations. Cardiorespiratory arrest (CA) is a major cause of hypoxia‐ischaemia in adults, but it is relatively rare in infants and children. While the effects of adult CA on brain and cognition have been widely studied, to date, there are no studies examining the neurodevelopmental outcome of children who suffered CA early in life. Here, we studied the long‐term outcome of 28 children who suffered early CA (i.e., before age 16). They were compared to a group of control participants (n = 28) matched for age, sex and socio‐economic status. The patient group had impairments in the domains of memory, language and academic attainment (measured using standardised tests). Individual scores within the impaired range were most commonly found within the memory domain (79%), followed by academic attainment (50%), and language (36%). The patient group also had reduced whole brain grey matter volume, and reduced volume and fractional anisotropy of the white matter. In addition, lower performance on memory tests was correlated with bilaterally reduced volume of the hippocampi, thalami, and striatum, while lower attainment scores were correlated with bilateral reduction of fractional anisotropy in the superior cerebellar peduncle, the main output tract of the cerebellum. We conclude that patients who suffered early CA are at risk of developing specific cognitive deficits associated with structural brain abnormalities.Research Highlights
Our data shed light on the long‐term outcome and associated neural mechanisms after paediatric hypoxia‐ischaemia as a result of cardiorespiratory arrest.
Patients had impaired scores on memory, language and academic attainment.
Memory impairments were associated with smaller hippocampi, thalami, and striatum.
Lower academic attainment correlated with reduced fractional anisotropy of the superior cerebellar peduncle.
The dual GCGR/GLP‐1R agonist survodutide: Biomarkers and pharmacological profiling for clinical candidate selection
Authors: Thomas Leo , Martel Eric , Rist Wolfgang , Uphues Ingo , Hamprecht Dieter , Neubauer Heike , Augustin Robert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo describe the biomarker strategy that was applied to select survodutide (BI 456906), BI 456908 and BI 456897 from 19 dual glucagon receptor (GCGR)/ glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonists for in‐depth pharmacological profiling, which led to the qualification of survodutide as the clinical development candidate.Materials and MethodsPotencies to increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were determined in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)‐K1 cells stably expressing human GCGR and GLP‐1R. Agonism for endogenously expressed receptors was investigated in insulinoma cells (MIN6) for mouse GLP‐1R, and in rat primary hepatocytes for the GCGR. In vivo potencies to engage the GLP‐1R or GCGR were determined, measuring improvement in oral glucose tolerance (30 nmol/kg) and increase in plasma fibroblast growth factor‐21 (FGF21) and liver nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase (NNMT) mRNA expression (100 nmol/kg), respectively. Body weight‐ and glucose‐lowering efficacies were investigated in diet‐induced obese (DIO) mice and diabetic db/db mice, respectively.ResultsUpon acute dosing in lean mice, target engagement biomarkers for the GCGR and GLP‐1R demonstrated a significant correlation (Spearman correlation coefficient with p < 0.05) to the in vitro GCGR and GLP‐1R potencies for the 19 dual agonists investigated. Survodutide, BI 456908 and BI 456897 were selected for in‐depth pharmacological profiling based on the significant improvement in acute oral glucose tolerance achieved (area under the curve [AUC] of 54%, 57% and 60% vs. vehicle) that was comparable to semaglutide (AUC of 45% vs. vehicle), while showing different degrees of in vivo GCGR engagement, as determined by hepatic NNMT mRNA expression (increased by 15‐ to 17‐fold vs. vehicle) and plasma FGF21 concentrations (increased by up to sevenfold vs. vehicle). In DIO mice, survodutide (30 nmol/kg/once daily), BI 456908 (30 nmol/kg/once daily) and BI 456897 (10 nmol/kg/once daily) achieved a body weight‐lowering efficacy from baseline of 25%, 27% and 26%, respectively. In db/db mice, survodutide and BI 456908 (10 and 20 nmol/kg/once daily) significantly lowered glycated haemoglobin (0.4%–0.6%); no significant effect was observed for BI 456897 (3 and 7 nmol/kg/once daily).ConclusionsSurvodutide was selected as the clinical candidate based on its balanced dual GCGR/GLP‐1R pharmacology, engaging the GCGR for robust body weight‐lowering efficacy exceeding that of selective GLP‐1R agonists, while achieving antidiabetic efficacy that was comparable to selective GLP‐1R agonism. Survodutide is currently being investigated in Phase 3 clinical trials in people living with obesity.
Left atrial reservoir longitudinal strain and its incremental value to the left ventricular global longitudinal strain in predicting anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Li Zheng , Zhao Rui , Zhang Qunling , Shen Yihui , Shu Xianhong , Cheng Leilei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundLeft ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) has been recommended by current guidelines for diagnosing anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity. However, little is known about the early changes in left atrial (LA) morphology and function in this population. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential usefulness of LA indices and their incremental value to LVGLS with three‐dimensional echocardiography (3DE) in the early detection of subclinical cardiotoxicity in patients with lymphoma receiving anthracycline.MethodsA total of 80 patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma who received six cycles of anthracycline‐based treatment were enrolled. Echocardiography was performed at baseline (T0), after four cycles (T1), and after the completion of six cycles of chemotherapy (T2). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), LVGLS, LA volumes, LA emptying fraction (LAEF), LA active emptying fraction (LAAEF), and LA reservoir longitudinal strain (LASr) were quantified with 3DE. Left atrioventricular global longitudinal strain (LAVGLS) was calculated as the sum of peak LASr and the absolute value of peak LVGLS (LAVGLS = LASr+|LVGLS|). LV cardiotoxicity was defined as a new LVEF reduction by ≥10 percentage points to an LVEF of ≤50%.ResultsFourteen (17.5%) patients developed LV cardiotoxicity at T2. LA volumes, LAEF, and LAAEF remained stable over time. Impairment of LASr (28.35 ± 5.03 vs. 25.04 ± 4.10, p < .001), LVGLS (–22.77 ± 2.45 vs. –20.44 ± 2.62, p < .001), and LAVGLS (51.12 ± 5.63 vs. 45.61 ± 5.22, p < .001) was observed by the end of the fourth cycle of chemotherapy (T1). Statistically significant declines in LVEF (61.30 ± 4.73 vs. 57.08 ± 5.83, p < .001) were only observed at T2. The relative decrease in LASr (ΔLASr), LVGLS (ΔLVGLS), and LAVGLS (ΔLAVGLS) from T0 to T1 were predictors of LV cardiotoxicity. A ΔLASr of >19.75% (sensitivity, 71.4%; specificity, 87.9%; area under the curve (AUC), .842; p < .001), a ΔLVGLS of >13.19% (sensitivity, 78.6%; specificity, 74.2%; AUC, .763; p < .001), and a ΔLAVGLS of >16.80% (sensitivity, 78.6%; specificity, 93.9%; AUC, .905; p < .001) predicted subsequent LV cardiotoxicity at T2, with the AUC of ΔLAVGLS significantly larger than that of ΔLVGLS (.905 vs. .763, p = .027). Compared to ΔLVGLS, ΔLAVGLS showed improved specificity (93.9% vs. 74.2%, p = .002) and maintained sensitivity in predicting LV cardiotoxicity.ConclusionsLASr could predict anthracycline‐induced LV cardiotoxicity with excellent diagnostic performance. Incorporating LASr into LVGLS (LAVGLS) led to a significantly improved specificity and maintained sensitivity in predicting LV cardiotoxicity.
Developmental coordination disorder in preterm children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Panceri Carolina , Sbruzzi Graciele , Zanella Larissa W. , Wiltgen Andressa , Procianoy Renato S. , Silveira Rita C. , Valentini Nadia C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to review the prevalence of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in individuals born preterm and systematically explore this prevalence according to gestational age and different assessment cut‐offs and compare it to full‐term peers. The eligibility criteria were observational and experimental studies reporting the prevalence of DCD in preterm individuals. A systematic search was performed in databases from inception until March 2022. Two independent reviewers performed the selection. Study quality assessment was performed using the checklists from Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Data analysis was performed on Excel and Review Manager Software 5.4. Among the 1774 studies identified, 32 matched the eligibility criteria. The pooled estimate rate of the DCD rate in preterm was 21% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.8–24.3). The estimate rates were higher as gestational age decreased, and preterm children are two times more likely to have DCD than their full‐term peers risk ratio (RR) 2.2 (95% CI 1.77–2.79). The limitation was high heterogeneity between studies; the assessment tools, cut‐off points and age at assessment were diverse. This study provided evidence that preterm children are at higher risk for DCD than full‐term children, and the risks increased as gestational age decreased.
Against “silent” retractions in neuroscience
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Daly Timothy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhen an academic paper is published in a journal that assigns a digital object identifier (DOI) to papers, this is a de facto fait accompli. Corrections or retractions are supposed to follow a specific protocol, especially in journals that claim to follow the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines. In this paper, we highlight a case of a new, fully open access neuroscience journal that claims to be COPE‐compliant, yet has silently retracted two papers since all records, bibliometrics, and PDF files related to their existence have been deleted from the journal's website. Although this phenomenon does not seem to be common in the neurosciences, we consider that any opaque corrective measures in journals whose papers could be cited may negatively impact the wider neuroscience literature and community. Instead, we encourage transparency in retraction to promote truthfulness and trustworthiness.
Antiganglioside antibody frequency in routine clinical care settings
Authors: Giesche Niklas , Böhm‐Gonzalez Samuel Tobias , Kleiser Benedict , Kowarik Markus C. , Dubois Evelyn , Stransky Elke , Armbruster Marcel , Grimm Alexander , Marquetand Justus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeAntiganglioside antibodies (AGAs) might be involved in the etiopathogenesis of many neurological diseases, such as Miller–Fisher syndrome (MFS) and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). Available comprehensive reference data regarding AGA positivity rates and cross‐responsiveness among AGAs (where one line immunoblot is positive for ≥1 AGA) during routine clinical care are scant.MethodsIn this 10‐year monocentric retrospective study, 3560 immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM line blots (GA Generic Assays' Anti‐Ganglioside Dot kit) obtained using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from 1342 patients were analyzed for AGA positivity in terms of 14 diagnosis categories and AGA cross‐responsiveness.ResultsOf all 3560 line blots 158 (4.4%) and of all CSF samples 0.4% (4/924) CSF line blots were AGA positive. For serum IgG, blots with positivity rates higher than the standard deviation of 15.6% were associated with MFS (GD3, GD1a, GT1a and GQ1b) and acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) (GM1, GD1a and GT1a). For serum IgM, blots with positivity rates higher than the standard deviation of 8.1% were associated with AMAN (GM2, GT1a and GQ1b), MFS (GM1, GT1a and GQ1b), multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) (GM1, GM2 and GQ1b) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) (GM1). Cross‐responsiveness was observed in 39.6% of all positive serum AGA.ConclusionsTesting for AGAs during routine clinical care rarely led to positive findings, both in serum and even less in CSF, except for the diagnoses AMAN, MFS, MMN and CIDP. Nonspecific findings found as cross‐responsiveness between different AGA samples occur frequently, impacting the positivity of most AGA subtypes.
Health care utilization of Hispanic/Latino veterans with epilepsy: A national population‐based study
Authors: Tantillo Gabriela B. , Sullivan‐Baca Erin , Rehman Rizwana , López María Raquel , Haneef Zulfi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveHispanic/Latino people with epilepsy are a growing population that has been understudied in clinical epilepsy research. U.S. veterans are at a higher risk of epilepsy due to greater exposures including traumatic brain injury. Hispanic/Latino Veterans with Epilepsy (HL‐VWEs) represent a growing population; however the treatment utilization patterns of this population have been vastly understudied.MethodsHL‐VWE were identified from administrative databases during fiscal year 2019. Variables compared between Hispanic and non‐Hispanic VWEs included demographics, rurality, service era, utilization of clinical services/investigations, and service‐connected injury. Chi‐square and Student's t tests were used for comparisons.ResultsAmong 56 556 VWEs, 3247 (5.7%) were HL. HL‐VWEs were younger (59.2 vs 63.2 years; p < .01) and more commonly urban‐dwelling (81.6% vs 63.2%, p < .01) compared to non–HL‐VWEs. They were also more likely to have served in recent missions such as the Persian Gulf War and post‐ 9/11 wars (p < .01). HL‐VWEs had a higher utilization of all neurology services examined including neurology clinic visits, computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, electroencephalography (EEG), epilepsy monitoring, and comprehensive epilepsy care (p < .01 for all). HL‐VWEs were more likely to visit an emergency room or have seizure‐related hospitalizations (p < .01). HL‐VWEs were more likely to have a service‐connected disability greater or equal to 50% (p < .01).SignificanceThis study is one of the largest cohorts examining HL‐VWEs. We found higher utilization of services in neurology, epilepsy, and neuroimaging by HL‐VWEs. HL‐VWE are younger, more commonly urban‐dwelling, and more likely to have served during recent combat periods and have higher amounts of service‐connected disability. Given that the proportion of Hispanic veterans is projected to rise over time, more research is needed to provide the best interventions and mitigate the long‐term impact of epilepsy on this diverse patient group.
Multi‐focal channel attention for medical image segmentation
Authors: Al Jowair Hamdan , Alsulaiman Mansour , Muhammad Ghulam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMedical image segmentation through the use of deep learning is becoming a trend targeting to automate disease detection and provide effective treatment. Traditionally huge manual efforts are associated with medical image processing by medical staff. The wide use of neural networks driven by the progressive advancement in computing power and the availability of training data provides instrumental means to automate medical image processing. A polyp refers to an abnormal growth that can occur in various parts of the body. While the majority of polyps are noncancerous or benign, there are instances where certain types can develop into cancer. Detecting and segmenting polyps is highly valuable for identifying early signs and potentially enabling more effective treatment of colon cancer. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for segmenting polyp images. The proposed method utilizes convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and employs an enhanced attention mechanism. To cater to a more granular attention view, this paper enhances the Convolutional Block Attention Module by introducing the multi‐focal channel attention (MFCA) concept, which we call MFCA. In the proposed MFCA channel attention, focal attention spots allow us to consider scattered areas of interest more effectively. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, multiple experiments are conducted on five well‐known benchmark datasets for polyp image segmentation: Kvasir, CVC‐Clinic DB, CVC‐Colon DB, CVC‐T, and ETIS‐Larib. Various testing scenarios are examined, including the impact of two focal attention spots and four focal attention spots. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method achieved superior performance compared to previous state‐of‐the‐art techniques on two of the benchmark datasets, and ranked second on a third dataset.
2D and 3D characterization of oxidation‐fatigue mechanisms in an advanced Ni‐based superalloy: Effects of microstructure and elevated temperature
Authors: Kim Donghyuk , Jiang Rong , Reed Philippa A. S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe effects of varying γ′ size and grain boundary carbide distribution at elevated temperatures on the fatigue behavior of turbine disk alloy RR1000 were examined through combining 2D and 3D imaging characterization. The fatigue crack growth rate at 725°C is higher than at 650°C due to enhanced oxidation damage at higher temperature, dominated by an intergranular fracture mode. This is more marked with longer dwell time (linked to diffusion time) and when carbides have formed continuously at grain boundaries. The fatigue crack path was characterized by X‐ray CT scan to present the complex 3D crack propagation morphology. It is noted that a discontinuous crack path and uncracked ligaments can be discerned ahead of the crack tip particularly in the microstructure where carbides are continuously formed at grain boundaries. This is linked to embrittled zones ahead of the crack tip formed during longer dwell times at the maximum stress during cycling at elevated temperature.