bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptability of programs for the prevention of eating disorders
Authors: Varnado‐Sullivan Paula J. , Horton Rachael A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractResearchers can overcome difficulties with recruitment and implementation encountered by previous eating disorder prevention efforts by understanding targeted groups' opinions about such programs. Treatment acceptability methodology provides a framework to examine the social validity of interventions. Using this methodology, the acceptability of programs was examined with an often‐targeted group. The study also assessed opinions of this group about the importance of prevention and methods of implementation. Male and female undergraduates (N = 347) rated the acceptability of sample programs. Results indicated that programs focused on information about eating disorders and their consequences were rated most acceptable. Participants felt programs should be offered to adolescents, within the school system, but ratings of the importance of eating disorder prevention were somewhat disappointing. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 687–703, 2006.
Therapeutic factors in dysphoric disorders
Authors: Beutler Larry E. , Castonguay Louis G. , Follette William C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe working group on the treatment of dysphoric disorders focused on ways to integrate variables and qualities that optimize treatment effects for this clinical population. The variables examined represent three aspects or domains of the treatment context that effect positive change. These included aspects of the patient and therapist (participant factors), those relating to the development and role of the therapeutic relationship (relationship factors), and those that defined the application of formal interventions that are implemented by the therapist (techniques factors). The treatment literature on dysphoric populations was reviewed and a variety of relationships was identified, which then were translated into principles that are thought to enhance treatment effects. The principles representing the three domains of this review are then collected, in this article, into a set of cohesive suggestions for treating patients whose problems are characterized by major or minor depression, alone or as a comorbid condition. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 639–647, 2006.
Inhibition of phospholipase C‐β1‐mediated signaling by O‐GlcNAc modification
Authors: Kim Yun‐Hee , Song Minseok , Oh Young‐Seok , Heo Kyun , Choi Jung‐Woong , Park Ji‐Man , Kim Sun‐Hee , Lim Seyoung , Kwon H. Moo , Ryu Sung Ho , Suh Pann‐Ghill 
Published: March 2006

AbstractHere we report inhibition of phospholipase C‐β1 (PLC‐β1)‐mediated signaling by post‐translational glycosylation with β‐N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc modification). In C2C12 myoblasts, isoform‐specific knock‐down experiments using siRNA showed that activation of bradykinin (BK) receptor led to stimulation of PLC‐β1 and subsequent intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. In C2C12 myotubes, O‐GlcNAc modification of PLC‐β1 was markedly enhanced in response to treatment with glucosamine (GlcNH2), an inhibitor of O‐GlcNAase (PUGNAc) and hyperglycemia. This was associated with more than 50% inhibition of intracellular production of IP3 and Ca2+ mobilization in response to BK. Since the abundance of PLC‐β1 remained unchanged, these data suggest that O‐GlcNAc modification of PLC‐β1 led to inhibition of its activity. Moreover, glucose uptake stimulated by BK was significantly blunted by treatment with PUGNAc. These data support the notion that O‐GlcNAc modification negatively modulates the activity of PLC‐β1. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Probing nucleocytoplasmic transport by two‐photon activation of PA‐GFP
Authors: Chen Yan , Macdonald Patrick J. , Skinner Joseph P. , Patterson George H. , Müller Joachim D. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTwo‐photon activation of photoactivatable green fluorescent protein (PA‐GFP) provides a unique tool for probing cellular transport processes, because activation is strictly limited to the subfemtoliter optical volume of the two‐photon spot. We demonstrate two‐photon activation of PA‐GFP immobilized in a gel and freely diffusing within cells and recover a quadratic power dependence. Illumination at 820 nm allows simultaneous activation and fluorescence monitoring by two‐photon excitation. Alternatively, we activate PA‐GFP using two‐photon excitation and monitor the fluorescence of the photoconverted product with one‐photon excitation. We probe nucleocytoplasmic transport through the nuclear pore complex of COS‐1 cells, by observing the time‐dependent fluorescence at various locations within the cell after two‐photon activation of PA‐GFP in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. Two‐photon activation of a tandem construct of two PA‐GFPs showed a markedly slower rate of crossing through the nuclear pore. Analysis based on a restricted diffusion model yields a nuclear pore radius of 4.5 nm, which is in good agreement with previously reported values. This application demonstrates the attractive features of two‐photon photoactivation over traditional techniques, such as photobleaching, for studying transport processes in cells. Microsc. Res. Tech. 69:220–226, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photoswitchable cyan fluorescent protein as a FRET donor
Authors: Souslova Ekaterina A. , Chudakov Dmitriy M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAmong a variety of fluorescent proteins available today, there is a lack of suitable markers with excitation/emission in the violet/blue part of visible spectrum. Recently, we reported on photoswitchable cyan fluorescent protein (PS‐CFP), which represents monomeric high‐contrasting photactivatable label for in vivo protein movement tracking. However, PS‐CFP demands high intensity of light for the photoswitching. Therefore it can be employed as a common fluorescent tag at conventional light intensities, which cause negligible or zero photoactivation. High pH stability and unique positioning of excitation/emission peaks make it a worthy supplement to the existing palette of fluorescent proteins. Here we use PS‐CFP fusion with a yellow fluorescent protein phiYFP to show that PS‐CFP is a promising donor partner for the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). A remarkable phenomenon is that PS‐CFP donor fluorescence turned to be essentially stable with and without FRET, while acceptor emission demonstrated record dynamic range of up to 7.8‐fold. This makes the FRET pair presented a useful tool for the single color high throughput screenings. Here we also propose ways for further PS‐CFP enhancing, aiming to develop bright cyan fluorescent protein with unique spectral characteristics. Microsc. Res. Tech. 69:207–209, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single molecule fluorescence imaging of the photoinduced conversion and bleaching behavior of the fluorescent protein Kaede
Authors: Schäfer S.P. , Dittrich P.S. , Petrov E.P. , Schwille P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPhotoconversion and photobleaching behavior of the fluorescent protein Kaede immobilized in polyacrylamide gel matrix at room temperature was studied by single molecule wide‐field fluorescence microscopy. Photobleaching kinetics of Kaede molecules upon excitation at 488 nm showed slight heterogeneity, suggesting the presence of different protein conformations and/or the distribution of local environments in the gel matrix. Statistical analysis of intensity trajectories of single molecules revealed four major types of fluorescence dynamics behavior upon short illumination by a violet light pulse (405 nm). In particular, two types of photoswitching behavior were observed: the green‐to‐red photoconversion (4% of Kaede molecules) and the photoactivation of green fluorescence without emission of red fluorescence (13%). Two other major groups show neither photoconversion nor red emission and demonstrate photoinduced partial deactivation (43%) and partial revival (30%) of green fluorescence. The significantly lower green‐to‐red conversion ratio as compared with bulk measurements in aqueous solution might be induced by the immobilization of the protein molecules within a polyacrylamide gel. Contrary to Ando et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci 2002;99:12651–12656), we found a significant increase in green fluorescence emission upon illumination with 405‐nm light, which is typical for GFP and related proteins. Microsc. Res. Tech. 69: 210–219, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improving autofluorescent proteins: Comparative studies of the effective brightness of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) mutants
Authors: Jung Gregor , Zumbusch A 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe study the photophysical behavior of 8 mutants of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) on the single molecule level and double resonance excitation of bulk samples. Experimental data reported here and the previously published data on the RH/R− equilibrium and fluorescence quantum yields ΦFl (Jung et al., 2005; Biophys J 88:1932–1947) are analyzed with respect to single molecule as well as conventional fluorescence microscopy. The fraction of GFP molecules in a dark state, [D], reduces the effective absorption cross section under photostationary conditions. The determination of the excitable fraction [B] and its fluorescence quantum yield ΦFl gives the effective brightness Φeff. Our results show that in its wavelength range, eGFP is, among the GFPs, the best fluorophore for most microscopic applications. However, in the red shifted YFP‐proteins, there is still potential for improvement, since a pronounced dark state population is detectable in all mutants investigated so far. We propose to use the mutant T203Y/E222Q in imaging studies, whenever the expression yield is not a limiting factor. In FCS experiments, where the useful concentration range of the expressed molecules is restricted to concentrations below micromolarity, our data suggest the use of wt‐GFP or mutant T203Y, as these represent photochemical buffers. Both mutants might surpass the limitations given by out‐of‐focus bleaching in live cell microscopy. Microsc. Res. Tech. 69:175–185, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accessible proteomics space and its implications for peak capacity for zero‐, one‐ and two‐dimensional separations coupled with FT‐ICR and TOF mass spectrometry
Authors: Frahm Jennifer L. , Howard Brian E. , Heber Steffen , Muddiman David C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe number and wide dynamic range of components found in biological matrixes present several challenges for global proteomics. In this perspective, we will examine the potential of zero‐dimensional (0D), one‐dimensional (1D), and two‐dimensional (2D) separations coupled with Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) and time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of complex mixtures. We describe and further develop previous reports on the space occupied by peptides, to calculate the theoretical peak capacity available to each separations‐mass spectrometry method examined. Briefly, the peak capacity attainable by each of the mass analyzers was determined from the mass resolving power (RP) and the m/z space occupied by peptides considered from the mass distribution of tryptic peptides from National Center for Biotechnology Information's (NCBI's) nonredundant database. Our results indicate that reverse‐phase‐nanoHPLC (RP‐nHPLC) separation coupled with FT‐ICR MS offers an order of magnitude improvement in peak capacity over RP‐nHPLC separation coupled with TOF MS. The addition of an orthogonal separation method, strong cation exchange (SCX), for 2D LC‐MS demonstrates an additional 10‐fold improvement in peak capacity over 1D LC‐MS methods. Peak capacity calculations for 0D LC, two different 1D RP‐HPLC methods, and 2D LC (with various numbers of SCX fractions) for both RP‐HPLC methods coupled to FT‐ICR and TOF MS are examined in detail. Peak capacity production rates, which take into account the total analysis time, are also considered for each of the methods. Furthermore, the significance of the space occupied by peptides is discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does seasonal variation affect hallucinations in PD? a longitudinal study
Authors: Goetz Christopher G. , Li John Michael , Wuu Joanne , Leurgans Sue 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the chronobiology of visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients to test whether hallucinations are more severe during darker months (winter) than summer months. We extracted longitudinal data on the UPDRS Thought Disorder (TD) score, taken as part of regular patient management on sequential visits through a 1‐year cycle in hallucinating PD patients. To reduce the confounding effects of medication adjustments, analysis was restricted to patients with a baseline evaluation that did not involve a medication change. The primary outcome was the seasonal change in hallucination severity, defined as a change in TD score or neuroleptic use. Using Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests, we compared the exacerbation of hallucination by season, focusing on winter (December through February) versus summer (June through August). A total of 51 hallucinating patients met entry criteria, and their longitudinal data were analyzed. There was no difference in hallucination severity with changing season; the level of wintertime exacerbation was no greater than summertime exacerbation (P = 0.42). Although hallucinations frequently develop in dimmed environments and evening hours, the darkness of wintertime does not exacerbate hallucinations in PD subjects on stable medications. Because we found no evidence of seasonal variations, we cannot recommend phototherapy or other strategies affecting chronobiological systems as research priorities to treat PD hallucinations. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR signals of some benzofurocoumarins
Authors: Quezada Elías , Santana Lourdes , Uriarte Eugenio 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe complete 1H and 13C NMR assignment of four 6,7‐benzo‐fused furocoumarins (1–4) and three 3,4‐benzo‐fused furocoumarins (5–7) has been performed using 1D and 2D NMR techniques, including COSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro enzymatic oxidation of a fluorine‐tagged sulfido substrate analogue: a 19F NMR investigation
Authors: Tremblay Amy E. , Buist Peter H. , Hodgson Derek , Dawson Brian , Whittle Ed , Shanklin John 
Published: March 2006

Abstract1H‐decoupled 19F NMR has been used to monitor the highly regioselective oxidation of a fluorine‐tagged thia‐fatty acid derivative by castor stearoyl‐ACP Δ9 desaturase. The major enzymatic product, after reductive work‐up, was identified as 9‐fluoro‐1‐nonanol. This compound could be easily distinguished from substrate and a 9‐sulfoxy by‐product on the basis of its 19F NMR chemical shift and spiking experiments using authentic standards. Structural assignment of the cleavage product was confirmed by GC‐MS analysis of the enzymatic products. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Standardization of chemical shifts of TMS and solvent signals in NMR solvents
Authors: Hoffman Roy E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe standard for chemical shift is dilute tetramethylsilane (TMS) in CDCl3, but many measurements are made relative to TMS in other solvents, the proton resonance of the solvent peak or relative to the lock frequency. Here, the chemical shifts of TMS and the proton and deuterium chemical shifts of the solvent signals of several solvents are measured over a wide temperature range. This allows for the use of TMS or the solvent and lock signal as a secondary reference for other NMR signals, as compared with dilute TMS in CDCl3 at a chosen temperature; 25 °C is chosen here. An accuracy of 0.02 ppm is achievable for dilute solutions, provided that the interaction with the solvent is not very strong. The proton chemical shift of residual water is also reported where appropriate. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oral magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent based on Ilex paraguayensis herbal extract
Authors: Nestle Nikolaus , Pauls Sandra , Wunderlich Arthur 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn this article we demonstrate the potential of herbal extracts from yerba mate (Ilex paraguayensis) as an oral contrast agent for MRI. At typical drinking concentrations, yerba mate acts as a “biphasic” contrast agent with T1 weighting at short echo times and T2 weighting at echo times greater than about 40 ms. Based on data obtained from X‐ray fluorescence elemental analysis, NMR relaxometry, and ESR we identify the relaxation agent in the extract as a low‐molecular‐weight manganese complex. Yerba mate exhibits an unusually high manganese content that is readily available for hot water extraction. Despite the high elemental manganese levels in I. paraguayensis extract, no manganese‐related toxicity of yerba mate has been observed even among heavy yerba mate drinkers, indicating that the manganese in the extract has only a very low bioavailability. Imaging results on staff and patient volunteers demonstrate good contrasting of the GI tract. The relaxation studies of the contrast agent show a sensitivity to pH that is consistent with imaging results from stomach and small bowel. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR coronary angiography in pigs with intraarterial injections of a hyperpolarized 13C substance
Authors: Olsson Lars E. , Chai Chun‐Ming , Axelsson Oskar , Karlsson Magnus , Golman Klaes , Petersson J. Stefan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA new diagnostic application of a water‐soluble contrast medium (CM) based on the hyperpolarization of a 13C substance is introduced. The degree of polarization achieved is >30%, which is about a factor of 105 higher than the thermal equilibrium polarization level at 1.5 T. Imaging of hyperpolarized (HP) CM during a cardiac interventional MRI procedure was studied. Catheters were positioned in the left and right coronary arteries of pigs. A coil tuned to 13C was used for nonproton imaging. The HP‐13C CM (∼5 ml, 0.5 M, ∼30% polarization) was injected during projection imaging using a fully balanced steady‐state free precession (SSFP) pulse sequence with and without cardiac gating. The contrast agent‐filled catheter was clearly visible during the procedure. The coronary arteries were well depicted and the signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) were in the range of 10–40. The use of HP‐13C CM may provide a new diagnostic procedure for interventional MRI. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simple route for synthesis of H‐shaped copolymers
Authors: Han De‐Hui , Pan Cai‐Yuan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe H‐shaped copolymers, [poly(L‐lactide)]2polystyrene [poly(L‐lactide)]2, [(PLLA)2PSt(PLLA)2] have been synthesized by combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with cationic ring‐opening polymerization (CROP). The first step of the synthesis is ATRP of St using α,α′‐dibromo‐p‐xylene/CuBr/2,2′‐bipyridine as initiating system, and then the PSt with two bromine groups at both chain ends (Br–PSt–Br) were transformed to four terminal hydroxyl groups via the reaction of Br–PSt–Br with diethanolamine in N,N‐dimethylformamide. The H‐shaped copolymers were produced by CROP of LLA, using PSt with four terminal hydroxyl groups as macroinitiator and Sn(Oct)2 as catalyst. The copolymers obtained were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2794–2801, 2006
Synthesis and properties of novel sulfonated (co)polyimides bearing sulfonated aromatic pendant groups for PEFC applications
Authors: Hu Zhaoxia , Yin Yan , Chen Shouwen , Yamada Otoo , Tanaka Kazuhiro , Kita Hidetoshi , Okamoto Ken‐Ichi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNovel sulfonated diamines bearing aromatic pendant groups, namely, 3,5‐diamino‐3′‐sulfo‐4′‐(4‐sulfophenoxy) benzophenone (DASSPB) and 3,5‐diamino‐3′‐sulfo‐4′‐(2,4‐disulfophenoxy) benzophenone (DASDSPB), were successfully synthesized. Novel side‐chain‐type sulfonated (co)polyimides (SPIs) were synthesized from these two diamines, 1,4,5,8‐naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTDA) and nonsulfonated diamines such as 4,4′‐bis(3‐aminophenoxy) phenyl sulfone (BAPPS). Tough and transparent membranes of SPIs with ion exchange capacity of 1.5–2.9 meq g−1 were prepared. They showed good solubility and high thermal stability up to 300 °C. They showed isotropic membrane swelling in water, which was different from the main‐chain‐type and sulfoalkoxy‐based side‐chain‐type SPIs. The relative humidity (RH) and temperature dependence of proton conductivity were examined. At low RH, the novel SPI membranes showed much higher conductivity than the sulfoalkoxy‐based SPIs. They showed comparable or even higher proton conductivity than Nafion 112 in water at 60 °C (>0.10 S cm−1). The membrane of NTDA‐DASDSPB/BAPPS (1/1)‐s displayed reasonably high proton conductivities of 0.05 and 0.30 S cm−1 at 50 and 100% RH, respectively, at 120 °C. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2862–2872, 2006
N,N‐dimethylaminopyridine as initiator in the copolymerization of diglycidylether of bisphenol A with six‐membered cyclic carbonates
Authors: Cervellera Roser , Ramis Xavier , Salla Josep Maria , Mantecón Ana , Serra Angels 
Published: March 2006

AbstractN,N‐Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) was used as initiator to cure mixtures of diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and 1,3‐dioxan‐2‐one (TMC) or 5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐2‐one (DMTMC). The curing was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared in the attenuated‐total‐reflection mode (FTIR/ATR). FTIR/ATR was used to monitor the competitive reactive processes and to quantify the evolution of the groups involved in the curing. We observed the formation of five‐membered cyclic carbonates and anionic carbonate groups that remain unreacted at the chain ends. The formation of these groups was explained by the attack of the anionic propagation species on the methylene carbon of the carbonate group, which leads to an alkyl‐oxygen rupture. By performing the cure in the thermobalance we could evaluate the loss of CO2 produced in the samples containing carbonates. The kinetics were studied by DSC and analyzed with isoconversional procedures. The addition of carbonates slows down the curing rate. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) experiments were used to evaluate the properties of the materials obtained. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2873–2882, 2006
Synthesis and characterization of novel photoactive polymer poly(vinyl alcohol)‐graft‐poly(vinyl naphthalene)
Authors: Rymarczyk‐Machał Monika , Zapotoczny Szczepan , Nowakowska Maria 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA copolymer of poly(vinyl naphthalene) grafted onto poly(vinyl alcohol) has been synthesized with nitroxide‐mediated controlled radical polymerization. By separating the processes of the generation of grafting sites and polymerization, we can avoid the formation of the homopolymer. Because of its architecture, the polymer is soluble in water, despite the high content of hydrophobic groups. The naphthalene chromophores tend to aggregate, forming hydrophobic microdomains in an aqueous solution. Those aggregates exist in a very constrained environment that leads to extraordinarily large redshifts of both the absorption and emission of the polymer. The polymer acts as an efficient photosensitizer in photoinduced electron transfer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2675–2683, 2006