bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular manifestations of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in dogs
Authors: Davidson Michael G. , Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Nasisse Mark P. , Roberts Steven M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Dogs were examined ophthalmoscopically to determine the prevalence and type of ocular lesions associated with naturally acquired Rocky Mountain spotted fever (rmsf). In a consecutive series of 11 dogs with serologically confirmed rmsf, 9 had ocular involvement reflecting various degrees of vascular damage, including subconjunctival hemorrhage, hyphema, anterior uveitis, iris stromal hemorrhage, retinal petechiae, and focal areas of retinal edema and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrate. The ophthalmic lesions generally were mild, and most resolved without complication after systemic administration of appropriate antibiotics. The high prevalence of ocular lesions in these dogs suggested that critical ophthalmologic evaluation is a useful diagnostic tool for the early detection and management of rmsf in dogs.
Use of ketoconazole in the treatment of canine nasal aspergillosis
Authors: Sharp Nicholas J. H. , Sullivan Martin 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Fifteen dogs with nasal aspergillosis were treated with ketoconazole (5 mg/kg of body weight, q 12 h, po) for 2 to 18 weeks. Four dogs whose conditions deteriorated during treatment received ketoconazole for less than the prescribed 6 weeks. Six months or more later, only 47% of the dogs were determined to be disease-free, on the basis of no fungal growth on culture. It was concluded that ketoconazole at this dosage is a useful treatment for canine nasal aspergillosis, but is no more effective than thiabendazole.
Contribution of propylene glycol-induced Heinz body formation to anemia in cats
Authors: Christopher Mary M. , Perman Victor , Eaton John W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Propylene glycol (pg) is a common preservative and source of synthetic carbohydrates in soft-moist pet foods. Propylene glycol was fed to cats for 5 weeks at concentrations found in commercial diets (1.6 g/kg of body weight; 12% of diet on a dry-weight basis) and for 3 weeks at concentrations exceeding usual intake (8 g/kg; 41% of diet). There was a dose-dependent increase in Heinz body percentage to 28% in cats fed the low dose of pg and to 92% in cats fed the high dose. Erythrocyte half-life, measured using [14C]-cyanate hemoglobin (Hb), decreased significantly (P <0.05) by 18.8% and 60% in cats fed the low and high pg doses, respectively. The pcv in cats fed the low dose was unaffected, whereas cats fed the high dose had a mean (±sem) decrease in pcv from 33.5 ± 1.05% to 26.3 ± 1.45%, accompanied by punctate reticulocytosis and bone marrow erythroid hyperplasia. A dose-dependent increase in iron pigment was found in the liver and spleen of all cats. In cats fed the low dose of pg, erythrocyte reduced glutathione concentration actually increased from 7.02 ± 0.56 to 9.74 ± 0.69 μmοl/g of Hb, but decreased to 2.96 ± 0.27 μmοl/g of Hb in cats fed the high dose. There was no significant increase in methemoglobin concentration. These results indicated that pg cannot be considered innocuous even at concentrations consumed by cats eating commercial diets. Heinz body-induced acceleration of rbc destruction develops in a dose-dependent manner, so that cats with greater food intake, ie, lactating queens and nursing kittens, are at greater risk for development of pg-induced Heinz body hemolytic anemia.
Developing standards in animal research review
Authors: Dresser Rebecca 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Thirty-two institutional animal care and use committees reviewed 4 hypothetic protocols involving experimental procedures frequently conducted on animals. Committees were in general agreement on the need to refine hypothetic protocols to minimize pain, distress, and other harm to laboratory animals. All but 2 committees sought modifications in each protocol, and in numerous instances, committees would not approve a protocol without major modifications. The committee responses delineated emerging standards governing specific areas of animal use, such as antibody production, induced disease, surgery, physical restraint, and behavioral conditioning.
Committees had less consensus in their approach to assessing the justification for laboratory animal use. Apparently, this component of committee responsibilities presented the major conceptual and practical difficulties for committees engaged in animal research review.
Plasma concentrations of oxytetracycline in swine after administration of the drug intramuscularly and orally in feed
Authors: Hall William F. , Kniffen Timothy S. , Bane David P. , Bevill Richard F. , Koritz Gary D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Four pigs were used in a 2 × 2 crossover study to determine plasma oxytetracycline (otc) concentration and otc pharmacokinetic variables after im administration of 2 otc preparations—long acting otc and a 100-mg of otc/ml solution (otc-la and otc-100, respectively)—at a dosage of 20 mg/kg of body weight. In a second study, 3 additional pigs were given ad libitum access to feed containing pure otc (0.55 g/kg of feed). The mean (± sd) peak plasma otc concentration after otc-la administration was 6.0 ± 2.2 μg/ml at 30 minutes; the mean peak plasma otc concentration after otc-100 administration was 6.7 ± 3.4 μg/ml at 90 minutes. Mean plasma otc concentration after oral otc administration in feed peaked at 0.4 μg/ml 48 hours after access to otc-medicated feed and decreased to 0.25 μg/ml by the end of that study.
Mean plasma otc concentration was maintained at > 0.5 μg/ml for < 48 hours after otc-la administration and for < 36 hours after otc-100 administration. Mean plasma otc concentration decreased to < 0.2 μg/ml by 72 hours after im administration of either product. Calculation of area under the plasma otc concentration-time curve (auc) did not reveal significant difference between the 2 otc formulations. There also was not significant difference (between otc-la and otc-100) in the value of the disappearance rate constant after administration of either otc formulation. The data did not indicate significant pharmacologic advantage of otc-la, compared with otc-100, when either formulation was administered im at a dosage of 20 mg/kg. The administration of otc in feed (0.55 g/kg) resulted in plasma otc concentration < 0.5 μg/ml.
Osteomyelitis of the calcaneus in horses: 28 cases (1972-1987)
Authors: MacDonald Melinda H. , Honnas Clifford M. , Meagher Dennis M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Medical records of 28 horses with osteomyelitis of the calcaneus were reviewed to evaluate signalment, history, diagnostic and treatment methods, outcome, and long-term follow-up information. Trauma was the most commonly reported cause (24). Physical examination revealed lameness in 27 horses, and 22 (79%) had a wound or draining tract over the plantar aspect of the calcaneus.
Radiography of all horses was done prior to the initiation of treatment, and follow-up radiography was done on 20 horses. The most common radiographic findings were soft tissue swelling (25), bony lysis of the calcaneus (17), bone fragments or sequestra from the tubercalcis (13), and periosteal new bone production or bony lysis of the sustentaculum tali (5). Association could not be found between initial radiographic findings and eventual outcome of the case.
Positive bacterial cultures were obtained from 13 horses. A wide variety of gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic organisms were isolated. Fourteen of the 15 isolates, for which susceptibilities were reported, were susceptible to penicillin, gentamicin, or trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole.
Twenty-six of the 28 horses diagnosed as having osteomyelitis of the calcaneus were treated; 16 horses were treated with surgical debridement in addition to antimicrobial treatment, and 10 horses were treated with antimicrobial agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, or supportive wound care. There was no significant difference in survival rate of horses treated surgically and those treated conservatively.
Six horses that were treated were later euthanatized for problems associated with chronic osteomyelitis, and 2 horses died or were euthanatized for unrelated problems. Eighteen horses (64%) were alive at last follow-up. Long-term follow-up on 11 of these horses revealed that 6 horses were sound for athletic use.
Bovine fetal infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
Authors: Seitz Susan E. , Heider Lawrence E. , Hueston William D. , Bech-Nielsen Steen , Rings D. Michael , Spangler Liz 
Published: February 2025

Summary
In utero transmission of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, the causative agent of paratuberculosis in cattle, has been suggested. Tissue specimens were obtained at a packing plant from pregnant dairy cows and their fetuses and from cows with clinical signs of paratuberculosis and from their fetuses. Specimens were processed according to methods described for isolating M paratuberculosis from bovine tissues and were incubated on Herrold egg yolk medium for 16 weeks. Presumed positive specimens were confirmed to be M paratuberculosis, using acid-fast staining and subculturing. Of 407 lymph nodes from cows, 34 (8.4%) were culture positive for M paratuberculosis; 9 of 34 (26.4%) of these culture-positive cows had fetuses from which specimens were also culture positive. The results estimated the risk of fetal infection with M paratuberculosis to be 26.4% (95% confidence interval between 11.3 and 40.7%).
Duration of inhibition of immediate skin test reactivity by hydroxyzine hydrochloride in dogs
Authors: Barbet Joy L. , Halliwell Richard E. W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The duration of hydroxyzine-mediated suppression of the immediate hypersensitivity reaction in the skin of dogs was assessed by intradermal administration of various dilutions of histamine phosphate and of aqueous flea antigen in 18 dogs known to be allergic to fleas. Wheal diameters and scores were used to evaluate the strength of the resulting reactions. In most dogs, significant (P < 0.05) inhibition lasted from 3 to 5 days after withdrawal from treatment. Some dogs took up to 9 days to equal or exceed their pretreatment wheal diameters and scores.
Hypokalemia in cats: 186 cases (1984-1987)
Authors: Dow Steven W. , Fettman Martin J. , Curtis Charles R. , LeCouteur Richard A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Retrospective review of serum biochemical data obtained from 501 cats over a 3-year period (1984-1987) indicated that 186 (37%) had hypokalemia (serum potassium concentration < 4.1 mEq/L). After adjustingfor disease diagnosis, cats fed either of 2 commercial diets were 4 times more likely to be hypokalemic than cats fed other diets. Odds ratios (or; measure of association), adjusted for diet type, were calculated to determine the odds of hypokalemia for a given disease, compared with odds of normokalemia for the same disease. Chronic renal failure (or = 14.4), hepatic disease (or = 5.7), systemic infectious diseases (viral or bacterial; or = 2.7), and neuromuscular or cns disease (or = 2.4) were all significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the occurrence of hypokalemia. Significant differences in age or sex between hypokalemic and normokalemic cats were not found.
Within the group of 186 hypokalemic cats, hypercholesterolemia (89 cats; 48%), hyperglycemia (88 cats; 47%), high serum urea nitrogen concentration (86 cats; 46%), hyperchloridemia (80 cats; 43%), and high serum creatinine concentration (73 cats; 39%) were the most common biochemical abnormalities. When disease diagnosis was compared among cats with severe hypokalemia (serum potassium concentration <3.0 mEq/L) and those with moderate hypokalemia, cats with severe hypokalemia were 3.5 times more likely to have chronic renal failure than cats with less severe hypokalemia. From these results, it was concluded that hypokalemia was common in cats and that certain diet types and diseases were associated with increased occurrence of hypokalemia.
Comparison of four screening techniques for the diagnosis of equine neonatal hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: Clabough Debra L. , Conboy H. Steve , Roberts Malcolm C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Using radial immunodiffusion as a standard, 4 screening techniques for detection of failure of passive transfer in equine neonates were compared for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, efficiency, and cost. The techniques compared were latex agglutination test, membrane filter elisa, dipstick elisa and glutaraldehyde coagulation (gc) test. Test results of 50 serum samples from foals 24 to 60 hours old revealed consistently highest accuracy in the gc test at IgG concentrations of 400 and 800 mg/dl, and lowest cost per test, using the gc test. Two hundred fifty-three serum samples from foals 24 to 60 hours old were evaluated for comparison of results of gc and radial immunodiffusion tests. Overall efficiency was 92 and 91% at serum IgG concentrations of 400 and 800 mg/dl, respectively. Under most field circumstances, the gc test would be the preferred screening test for detection of failure of passive transfer in equine neonates.
Guttural pouch tympany: 15 cases (1977–1986)
Authors: McCue Patrick M. , Freeman David E. , Donawick William J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
From 1977 to 1986, guttural pouch tympany was diagnosed in 15 horses—11 fillies and 4 colts. Review of the medical records provided results of physical, microbiologic, radiographic, and endoscopic examinations, treatment protocols, complications, and recovery rate. All affected horses had visible swelling in the parotid gland region, 9 had abnormal respiratory noise, 5 had pneumonia, and 1 had dysphagia. Six horses were treated by median septum fenestration alone, and in 8 horses, this procedure was combined with resection of the mucosal flap at the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube. One horse was not treated.
Follow-up information was obtained for 13 horses. Rate of recurrence was 33% (2/6) after fenestration alone and was 29% (2/7) when both procedures were combined. One horse that had been treated using combined procedures died of pneumonia, and a horse treated unsuccessfully by septum fenestration was euthanatized because of persistent dysphagia. Eight horses > 2 years old when follow-up information was obtained were reported to be healthy, and 4 of these had raced successfully.
Prevalence of Salmonella and multiple antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in California dairies
Authors: Pacer Richard E. , Spika John S. , Thurmond Mark C. , Hargrett-Bean Nancy , Potter Morris E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 75 randomly selected dairies in one California county. Salmonella was isolated from 12 (16%) dairies; S newport was isolated from 6 (8%). Chloramphenicol-resistant S newport and S dublin were isolated from 8 (10.7%) dairies. Dairies with Salmonella had higher average calf mortality rates (P = 0.064; odds ratio [OR], 3.8). Dairies with S newport had a greater than expected occurrence of illnesses in adult cows compared with dairies with no S newport (P = 0.048; or, 6.7) or with no Salmonella serotypes isolated (P = 0.047; or, 6.9). Dairies with chloramphenicol-resistant Salmonella were more likely to have used chloramphenicol during the preceding 18-month period compared with dairies with chloramphenicol-susceptible Salmonella or no Salmonella (P = 0.023; or, 9.5).
Decision-tree analysis of treatment alternatives for left displaced abomasum
Authors: Ruegg P. L. , Carpenter T. E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
This study evaluates treatment alternatives for left displaced abomasum (lda) in dairy cattle. The technique of decision-tree analysis was used to evaluate 3 treatment possibilities. A computerized spreadsheet decision tree was used for the evaluation. Results of this investigation suggested that surgical treatment had the highest expected monetary value. Closed surgical techniques had expected monetary values close to the surgical techniques. Rolling the cow had the lowest expected monetary value, but the expected monetary value for rolling was higher than the expected monetary value for selling. If an lda recurs after treatment, surgical and closed surgical treatments are preferred over rolling. From this study, we can conclude that surgical and closed surgical treatment alternatives are preferred if expected monetary values are considered. Rolling is preferred over selling the cow. However, if an lda recurs, selling the cow is preferred over rolling.
Intestinal atresia in calves: 22 cases (1978–1988)
Authors: Dreyfuss Daniel J. , Tulleners Eric P. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A retrospective study of 22 calves afflicted with intestinal atresia was performed to determine typical signs of disease, treatment, and survival rate. All 22 calves, except 2 heifers with atresia ani and rectovaginal fistula, were examined when they were between 1 and 10 days old because of depression, anorexia, abdominal distention, and lack of feces. All calves had been observed to stand and suckle shortly after birth.
Survival rate was influenced by the atretic segment affected: 0% (0/2 surgically treated) for atresia jejuna; 42% (5/12 examined) or 71% (5/7 recovering from general anesthesia) for atresia coli; and 63% (5/8 examined) or 71% (5/7 surgically treated) for atresia ani. Survival appeared to depend principally on early recognition, anatomic site affected, and successful surgical establishment of a patent intestinal tract.
Cause, occurrence, and clinical signs of mastitis and anorexia in cows in a Wisconsin study
Authors: Jones Gary F. , Ward G. E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Microbiologic culture revealed the following cause of mastitis and anorexia in 145 cows in Wisconsin to be Escherichia coli, 66 cows; Klebsiella spp, 3; Corynebaccerium pyogenes, 27; streptococci, 21; staphylococci, 20; yeasts, 1; and no bacterial growth, 7. Mastitis was detected with approximately equal frequency throughout the year. Escherichia coli was isolated throughout the year, but was more common and was the predominant organism during the summer. Corynebacterium pyogenes was isolated most often in winter and spring; streptococci in fall, winter, and spring; and staphylococci throughout the year. Corynebacterium pyogenes caused most of the mastitis in nonlactating cows. Escherichia coli, C pyogenes, streptococci, and staphylococci were isolated with about equal frequency at parturition, whereas E coli was the predominant cause of mastitis in early and late lactation. Of cases of mastitis, 27% were seen 10 days before and after parturition. Local and systemic clinical signs of infection were similar for all causes, except that C pyogenes caused more (P = 0.01) malodorous and purulent milk than did other organisms and was isolated more commonly from quarters with injured teats. Recovery was significantly (P = 0.01) higher in cows with E coli infections, compared with recovery in cows with gram-positive organism infections. Cows with C pyogenes infections frequently had quarters that ultimately ceased lactation. A few cows were recumbent at initiation of antimicrobial therapy and a few were not eating 24 hours later; however, 50% of these cows recovered. Criteria such as season of year, stage of lactation, appearance of milh and udder, and appetite permitted the cause (gram-negative or gram-positive organisms) of the mastitis to be predicted with 77% accuracy.
Complications of transposition of the fibular head for stabilization of the cranial cruciate–Deficient stifle in dogs: 80 cases (1982-1986)
Authors: Mullen Holly S. , Matthiesen David T. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Over a 5-year period, fibular head transposition was performed in 85 stifles in 80 dogs with rupture of a cranial cruciate ligament. The most common complication during surgery was iatrogenic fracture of the fibular head or neck (10 dogs; 12.5%), and the most common postoperative complication was seroma formation at the lateral aspect of the proximal portion of the tibia overlying the pin (6 dogs; 7.5%). Sixty-nine of 80 owners were contacted for follow-up evaluation of lameness 6 months to 5 years after surgery; 51% reported excellent results, 39% good results, and 10%fair results. Fifty-six dogs were available for long-term follow-up examination; all dogs had some degree of medial thickening of the stifle. 27 (48%) had crepitus, 4 (7%) had signs of pain, and 2 (3.5%) had moderate cranial drawer instability on manipulation of the joint. Results were good or excellent in 90% of the dogs.
Mesenteric torsion in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: 21 cases (1978-1987)
Authors: Westermarck Elias , Rimaila-Pärnänen Eija 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Mesenteric torsion was diagnosed in 21 of 199 German Shepherd Dogs suffering from exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Eight dogs were euthanatized at the request of the owners; 4 dogs died at home before any treatment for mesenteric torsion was initiated. Surgery was performed on 9 dogs, all of which died during recovery from anesthesia.
Surgical excision of ectopic thyroid carcinoma involving the base of the tongue in dogs: Three cases (1980-1987)
Authors: Lantz Gary C. , Salisbury S. Kathleen 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Localized thyroid carcinoma involving the base of the tongue was diagnosed in 3 dogs examined because of a midline cervical mass rostroventral to the larynx. These masses had been present for 4 to 12 months and were firm, nonsensitive, and fixed in position. One dog had progressive dysphagia and dyspnea. Masses were surgically excised together with the base of the tongue and portions of the hyoid apparatus. Severe dyspnea that developed immediately after surgery in 1 dog was managed by tracheostomy intubation for 4 days. Transient dysphagia developed in all dogs. Hydration was maintained by iv fluid administration until water and food of gruel consistency could be swallowed 1 to 6 days after surgery. Consistency of food was gradually thickened to normal, as swallowing improved 6 days to 2 months after surgery. Onedog developed aspiration pneumonia that resolved after antimicrobial administration and improved swallowing that prevented further aspiration. After 9 months, 3 years, and 6 years, the dogs were clinically normal.
Identification of pseudorabies virus-infected swine herds by evaluating the serostatus of boars or finishing pigs
Authors: Anderson Paul L. , Morrison Robert B. , Thawley David G. , Molitor Tom 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Data were collected from 39 Minnesota swine farms quarantined for pseudorabies virus (prv) infection. Each herd was serologically evaluated for antibodies to prv in the sows, boars, and finishing pigs. To identify prv-seropositive swine herds, the Kappa statistic was used to estimate the effectiveness of evaluating the prv serostatus of boars or of finishing pigs. Using the serostatus of all herd boars, the sensitivity (with 95% confidence interval) of identifying prv-infected herds was 58 ± 22%, and the specificity was 100 ± 0%; Kappa statistic was 0.55. Using the serostatus of a representative sample of finishing pigs, the sensitivity of identifying prv-infected herds (with 95% confidence interval) was 63 ± 22%, and specificity was 87 ± 23%; Kappa statistic was 0.40. The prv serostatus of herd boars or of a representative sample of finishing pigs did not accurately reflect the prv serostatus of the herd.
Economic and public health considerations of congenital toxoplasmosis in lambs
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Kirkbride C. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Congenital toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in a flock of Hampshire sheep in South Dakota. The 80 ewes produced 144 lambs, 30 of which were born dead; toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in 11 of the dead lambs. The remaining 114 lambs grew normally, but 68 (40.3%) had agglutinating Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Modified agglutination test T gondii antibody titers for 114 lambs were: < 100 (n = 46), 64 (n = 2), 256(n = 1), 1,024 (n = 12), and ≥ 4,096 (n = 53). Tissues of 8 seropositive lambs were bioassayed for T gondii tissue cysts. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from the tongue and lamb chops of 7, heart of 3, and legs of lamb of all 8 lambs.