bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors and treatment of difficult intubation during retropharyngeal hematoma evacuation following anterior cervical spine surgery: a retrospective study
Authors: Tian Yang , Qu Yinyin , Li Gang , Fang Jingchao , Guo Xiang-yang , Li Min , Wang Jun , Xu Mao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Postoperative retropharyngeal hematoma (RH) following anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS) can cause acute airway obstruction (AAO). In severe cases, difficult intubation (DI) may occur, posing serious challenges to airway management. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors for DI and to explore airway management in RH evacuation following ACSS.
Methods
A series of 40 consecutive patients who underwent RH evacuation following ACSS were retrospectively identified at Peking University Third Hospital from March 2010 to March 2023. Patients were categorized into the DI group or no-DI group. Demographic, clinical symptom, and airway assessment data were recorded to identify risk factors for DI.
Results
The incidence of postoperative RH out of all ACSS surgery was 0.2% (40/16,127). General anesthesia was applied for RH evacuation in all 40 patients. The incidence of DI during RH evacuation was 35% (14/40). Thirty-nine patients were successfully treated and discharged, and one patient died of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy 24 days after RH evacuation. Class III & IV acute airway obstruction (AAO) (odds ratio [OR], 5.384; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.098–26.398; P = 0.038) and time interval between symptom onset and airway intervention (TI) (OR, 2.073; CI [1.072–4.010]; P = 0.030) were found to be independent risk factors for DI. Patients with DI had longer tracheal catheter retention times and longer durations of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Class III & IV AAO and TI are independent risk factors for DI during RH evacuation following ACSS. DI is associated with longer retention of the tracheal catheter and longer duration of stay in the ICU. Appropriate airway intervention should be performed for high-risk patients.
Trial registration:
ChiCTR2200061982
A MRI-based radiomics nomogram for differentiation of fat-poor renal angiomyolipoma from nodular clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Chai Shun , Yang Yawen , Ma Chuanxian , Ma Zhanlong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a radiomics nomogram based on multiparametric MRI in distinguishing between fat-poor renal angiomyolipoma (fp-AML) and renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in small renal tumors (≤ 4 cm).
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted from July 2017 to July 2023, including 65 ccRCC and 23 fp-AML patients with confirmed pathology. T2WI, DWI and ADC sequences were used to extract radiomics features. A t-test and LASSO were used to select features. A radiomic signature was created after calculating a radiomic score (Rad-score). To create a clinical model, clinical characteristics and subject MRI features were evaluated. Then, the Rad scores and clinical characteristics were integrated to develop a radiomics nomogram. The nomogram's performance was assessed regarding calibration, discrimination, and clinical utility.
Results
In the study, 88 renal masses from 86 patients were included. Each patient had their 3948 radiomics features retrieved, and 13 of those features were used to create the radiomics signature. The radiomics nomogram (AUC, 0.833; 95% CI, 0.675–0.992) showed superior discriminating capacity in the validation set compared to the clinical model (AUC, 0.774; 95% CI, 0.554–0.995) and radiomics signature (AUC, 0.778; 95% CI, 0.571–0.985) alone. Decision curve analysis indicated that the nomogram outperformed the clinical model in terms of clinical utility.
Conclusions
The multiparametric MRI-based radiomics nomograms effectively use Rad scores and clinical factors as non-invasive preoperative predictors, successfully differentiating fp-AML from ccRCC.
Complex symmetry of multiplication and composition operators on A12(D)
Authors: Gupta Anuradha , Singh Deepika 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
For the set consisting of holomorphic functions over unit disk D whose derivativelies in the Bergman space A2(D) as well as in the classical Hardy space H2(D),we define a norm which is equivalent to the norm on the derivative Hardy space.We denote this space by A12(D). First, we’ll study some basic analytic propertiesof A12(D) and then obtain some characterizations of continuous multiplicationoperators on A12(D). In the last section, complex symmetries of composition operators on A12(D) with respect to a specific conjugation called standard conjugationare discussed.
MSC[2020]: 47B33, 47B38
Persistence of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in intensive care units environment
Authors: Xu XiaoFeng , Chen XueE , Luo YeTao , Hu TianYu , Zhang Hong , Chen Wei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Acinetobacter baumannii(A. baumannii) is a major pathogen that causes nosocomial infections in intensive care units (ICUs). The present study aimed to analyse the distribution of A. baumannii in 2 ICUs and in the hands of ICU workers, focusing on antimicrobial susceptibility genes, carbapenem resistance genes, disinfectant resistance genes and cluster evolution.
Methods: A. baumannii isolates were obtained from 2 ICU environments and ICU workers’ hand during 2016-2018. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed for to detect OXA-type genes, metallo-β-lactamase genes and qac genes. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) using both the Oxford and Pasteur schemes, repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (REP-PCR) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) were used to determine the epidemiologic relationships of the A.baumannii isolates. Global optimal eBURST was used to assess clonal complexes.
Results: Among the environmental A.baumannii isolates, 11 strains were obtained from patients’ surrounding high-touch surfaces, 10 from medical equipment and 6 from nurses’ station objects. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results revealed that a majority of the A.baumannii strains (23/34, 67.65%) were considered as extensively drug resistant (XDR), and 11.76% (4/34) were considered as multidrug-resistant (MDR). In addition, a total of 26/34 (76.47%) strains were carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB). The Pasteur MLST scheme showed that 97.06% of the A. baumannii strains belonged to 8 sequence types (STs), while the Oxford scheme succeeded in allocating only 82.35% of the isolates. The most dominant ST in the Pasteur scheme was ST2, whereas ST195 was predominant in the Oxford scheme. The STs obtained from the Pasteur scheme correlated well with the REP-PCR patterns. OXA-51 was detected in 94.12% (32/34) isolates. OXA-23 is the most common carbapenemase gene among CRAB isolates (88.46%, 23/26). The prevalence of qacΔE1 was 79.41% (27/34). QacΔE1, OXA-51, OXA-23 and VIM were present in 58.82% (20/34) of the isolates.
Conclusions: A.baumannii strains harbouring the qacΔE1, OXA-51, OXA-23 and VIM genes are widely circulating in ICUs and the hands of healthcare workers. ST2/ST195 (Pasteur/Oxford) were the predominant epidemic type of A.baumannii in ICUs.
Elaboration of a new unsupervised method to extract body water
Authors: Benali Abdelali 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Maintenance of large groundwater resources is important for the development of ecosystems in the world. Remote sensing is now the main way to observe the world. Conventional body-water extraction methods are easy to implemente and use and work very well, but rely on a stable international scale, which reduces body-water extraction accuracy.
In this paper, we present an original water body extraction unsupervised method for RGB satellite images . The idea is to splitt the three RGB component matrix of the imagea nd then treat only the green matrice beacause the green matrice contain all the water bodies with a great precision and only few non-water bodies regions.
Our method is mainly based on mathematical morphology operators,First, we propose a simple and fast binary algorithm to segment as many real water bodies as possible from satellite images, this step was carried with the Hit or Miss Transform.
The second step is to apply the Top Hat to refine the result of the segmentation.
We tested the accuracy of our method using Sentinel-2Dataset. Compared to other methods, our method increases the segmentation quality and give great results that reached 98% for all index metrics used for remote sensing, the Error is equal to 0.7%.
Keywords : Image processing, Mathematical morphology, RGB image, Classification, Body-water
A new p-value based multiple testing procedure for generalized linear models
Authors: Rilling Joseph , Tang Cheng Yong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study introduces a novel p-value-based multiple testing approach tailored for generalized linear models (GLM). Despite the crucial role of GLM in statistics, existing methodologies face obstacles arising from the heterogeneous variance of response variables and complex dependencies among estimated parameters. Our aim is to address the challenge of controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) amidst arbitrarily dependent test statistics. Through the development of efficient computational algorithms , we present a versatile statistical framework for multiple testing. The proposed framework accommodates a range of tools developed for constructing a new model matrix in regression-type analysis, including random row permutations and Model-X knockoffs. We devise efficient computing techniques to solve the encountered non-trivial quadratic matrix equations, enabling the construction of paired p-values suitable for the two-step multiple testing procedure proposed by Sarkar and Tang (2022). Theoretical analysis affirms the properties of our approach, demonstrating its capability to control the FDR at a given level. Empirical evaluations further substantiate its promising performance across diverse simulation settings.
Management and Treatment of Delayed Posttraumatic Tension Pneumoventricle in Low-Income Countries: A Report of Two Rare Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Hamma Ousmane Issoufou , Idrissa Ousmane Aboubacar , Abdou Mahamane Mobarak Salifou , Angelo Avocefohoun Chanel , Mato Sahidou Sani , Ango Souleymane Mahamadou 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The tension pneumoventricle is a rare subtype of pneumocephalus characterized by intracranial hypertension secondary to pathological accumulation of air in the cerebral ventricles. This rare neurosurgical emergency has a life-threatening course. A delayed posttraumatic tension pneumoventriculus is an extremely rare condition that appears 72 h after head trauma. It can occur following a skull base fracture complicated by an osteodural defect without pneumocephalus or, more rarely, as a complication of simple acute posttraumatic pneumoventricle. This pathology represents a challenge in low-income countries because of limited access to social security and brain imaging and an inefficient health transport system. Its diagnosis and treatment may require multiple brain computed tomography scans in the acute phase of trauma and rapid medical evacuation. Here we report two patients with skull base fractures whose state of consciousness deteriorated after they returned home due to delayed posttraumatic tension pneumoventricle. The patients were rapidly taken to the hospital and treated in the emergency department, and their outcome was generally favorable. These cases underline the importance of regular, high-quality follow-up for skull base trauma patients in low-income countries, even after discharge from the hospital.
Changes in Healthcare Seeking Behaviors Among Caretakers of Children in the Previously Occupied ISIS territory: Hadeetha, Anbar, Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Survey of 415 Households
Authors: Al-Dahir Sara , Hasan Tahseen Abdulateef , Khalil Alaa , Moss William J , Talaat Kawsar R , Knoll Maria Deloria , Burnham Gilbert 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: The objective of this study was to describe changes in health seeking behaviors of caregivers of children ages 12-60 months of age in Hadeetha, Anbar, Iraq from the conflict period of ISIS (Islamic State of Syria and Iraq), 2014-2017, to the post-conflict period, 2021. The western province of Anbar, and the district of Hadeetha, have suffered direct impacts from the second United States led invasion (2003) through the ISIS invasion (2014-2017). With the primary health care centers being closed or inaccessible, the remaining population experienced changes in health seeking. The area of Anbar, Iraq remains largely remote from the discourse of health system recovery post-conflict.
Methods: This was a mixed-methods study composed of a cross-sectional 415 household survey and focus groups in Hadeetha, Anbar, Iraq. Caretakers of children were interviewed from February to April 2021. Children were sampled from a list of children who missed at least one vaccination appointment without a return for follow-up from the birth cohorts of 2015-2020. Focus groups and key informant interviews occurred from 2019-2021.
Results: In the post-conflict period, there were no differences in health seeking based upon provider type between respondents. Physicians were primary healthcare providers in the post-conflict period for 79% of respondents versus only 47% in the conflict period. Healthcare workers described major barriers to delivering services in Hadeetha during the ISIS occupation due to infrastructure damage, threats of violence, decreased medical personnel, lack of compensation and disruptions in medical supplies from 2014-2017.
Conclusion: This study provides insight into health seeking challenges among the many individuals who remained in Hadeetha during the ISIS occupation. Health use patterns by provider type mirror the concerns the healthcare providers shared: limited availability, efflux of professional workers, limited resources and security challenges to providing care. Positive trends toward increased access to physicians during periods of peace are an encouraging marker for continued population resilience during the post-conflict period. Recovery efforts continue to be hampered by internal sectarian discord within Iraq as well as insufficient resources to maintain health services as well as provide catch-up health services, such as immunizations.
Attack Detection Model for BCoT based on Contrastive Variational Autoencoder and Metric Learning
Authors: Wu Chunwang , Liu Xiaolei , Ding Kangyi , Xin Bangzhou , Lu Jiazhong , Liu Jiayong , Huang Cheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

With development of blockchain technology, clouding computing and Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain and cloud of things (BCoT) has become development tendency. But the security has become the most development hinder of BCoT. Attack detection model is a crucial part of attack revelation mechanism for BCoT. As a consequence, attack detection model has received more concerned. Due to the great diversity and variation of network attacks aiming to BCoT, tradition attack detection models are not suitable for BCoT. In this paper, we propose a novel attack detection model for BCoT, denoted as cVAE-DML. The novel model is based on contrastive variational autoencoder (cVAE) and deep metric learning (DML). By training the cVAE, the proposed model generates private features for attack visiting information as well as shared features between attack visiting information and normal visiting information. Based on those generated features, the proposed model can generate representative new samples to balance the training dataset. At last, the decoder of cVAE is connected to the deep metric learning network to detect attack aiming to BCoT. The efficiency of cVAE-DML is verified using the CIC-IDS 2017 dataset and CSE-CIC-IDS 2018 dataset. The results show that cVAE-DML can improve attack detection efficiency even under the condition of unbalanced samples.
Air pollution is linked to cognitive decline independent of hypersensitive C-reactive protein: Insights from middle-aged and older Chinese
Authors: Huang Li , Hu Xiangming , Liu Jia , Wang Jiajia , Zhou Yingling , Li Guang , Dong Guanghui , Dong Haojian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Long-term air pollution exposure and inflammation are considered to be associated with cognitive decline. However, whether air pollution exposure related cognitive decline is dependent on inflammation remains uncertain.
Material and Methods
The present study collected data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) at baseline in 2011, with a follow up period in 2015. Concentration of air pollutants (particles with diameters ≤ 1.0µm [PM1], ≤ 2.5µm [PM2.5], ≤ 10µm [PM10], nitrogen dioxide [NO2] and ozone [O3]) were obtained from China High Air Pollutants (CHAP) dataset. Hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a systemic inflammation marker, was measured in blood of subjects and cognitive function was assessed by standardized questionnaire.
Results
A total of 6434 participants were included in the study. Lower exposure to PM2.5, PM1, PM10 and NO2 were associated with mitigated cognitive decline. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were as follows: PM2.5-0.934(0.925, 0.943), PM1- 0.945 (0.935,0.955), PM10-0.977(0.972,0.982) and NO2-0.962(0.950,0.975), respectively. CRP showed no significant correlation with cognitive decline or change in levels of air pollution. Interaction regression analysis revealed no association between hs-CRP and air pollution on cognitive decline, the OR (95%CI) for co-exposure of high level hs-CRP and PM2.5, PM1, PM10, O3 and NO2 were 1.001([0.999,1.002] P = 0.331), 1.001([0.999,1.002] P = 0.568), 1.000([1.000,1.001] P = 0.304), 0.999([0.998,1.001] P = 0.304), and 1.002([1.000, 1.004], adjusted P = 0.055), respectively. Bootstrap test exhibited no significant mediating effect of hs-CRP on the relationship between any air pollutants and cognitive decline.
Conclusion
Ambient air pollution exposure was linked to cognitive decline independent of systemic inflammation, as indicated by hs-CRP level.
Energy-Efficient Architecture for Optimized IoT Data Transmission from Edge to Cloud
Authors: Zeba Musarrat , Mashira Mysun , Mim Most. Marufatul Jannat , Islam Md. Motaharul , Hassan Md. Rafiul , Hassan Mohammad Mehedi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Edge Computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) have recently experienced significant growth and transformed how data is processed and analyzed. Edge computing improves efficiency and reduces latency by processing data locally. However, transmitting data efficiently while conserving energy is still a major issue today, especially considering the volume and redundancy of data. The computational capacity and memory of edge gateways in the network's edge layers are limited, making it challenging to process data effectively. As a result, data transmission often becomes inefficient. To address this issue, our research introduces an energy-efficient architecture for edge gateways in the edge layer. This architecture leverages data deduplication and compression techniques for IoT data transmission from edge to cloud. The research's unique deduplication algorithm eliminates duplicate data, while the Lempel Ziv 4 compression algorithm compresses large data sets effectively. This method not only reduces energy consumption but also minimizes memory usage, facilitating quicker and more efficient data transmission. Consequently, this approach significantly alleviates energy consumption challenges and limited data processing capabilities in the edge layer.
Microbial community organization designates distinct pulmonary exacerbation types and predicts treatment outcome in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Widder Stefanie , Carmody Lisa , Opron Kristopher , Kalikin Linda , Caverly Lindsay , LiPuma John 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Polymicrobial infection of the airways is a hallmark of obstructive lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF), non-CF bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) in these conditions are associated with accelerated lung function decline and higher mortality rates. An understanding of the microbial underpinnings of PEx is challenged by high inter-patient variability in airway microbial community profiles. We analyzed bacterial communities in 880 CF sputum samples and developed microbiome descriptors to model community reorganization prior to and during 18 PEx. We identified two microbial dysbiosis regimes with opposing ecology and dynamics. Pathogen-governed PEx showed hierarchical community reorganization and reduced diversity, whereas anaerobic bloom PEx displayed stochasticity and increased diversity. A simulation of antimicrobial treatment predicted better efficacy for hierarchically organized communities. This link between PEx type, microbiome organization, and treatment success advances the development of personalized clinical management in CF and, potentially, other obstructive lung diseases.
Evaluation of Cancer Stem Cells in Patient-derived Xenografts of Retinoblastoma in Chick Embryo-Chorioallontoic Membrane model
Authors: VL Narayana Revu , Mishra Dilip K , Jakati Saumya , Kaliki Swathi , Vemuganti Geeta K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) in most tumors, including Retinoblastoma (Rb), are associated with tumor-initiation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Our previous studies identified Rb CSCs as CD44+/CD133- by flowcytometry using size and phenotype. In this study, we further evaluated two prime characteristics of CSC, i.e., chemoresistance and tumor-initiating properties using Chick embryo-Chorioallantoic Membrane (CE-CAM) model.
Methods
After obtaining IRB approval, fresh Rb tumors (n = 15) was collected and sorted using antibodies against CD44, followed by CD133. Drug resistance and gene expression were evaluated using MTT assay and qPCR. Tumor-initiation and metastatic ability were assessed using the CE-CAM assay by transplanting one million cells into a day-7 chick embryo and were evaluated by gross, confocal microscopy, IVIS spectral imaging, alu-qPCR, and histology.
Results
The percentage of CSCs in Rb tumors ranges from 4.8 to 28.4%, exhibiting higher drug resistance and enhanced gene expression of CSC, stemness, drug resistance, EMT & invasion, and metastasis-specific genes than tumor non-CSCs (P < 0.0001). The CSC transplanted cells formed white-colored glistening tumor nodules on the CAM and significantly higher localization of fluorescence signals than non-CSCs (p < 0.0001). IVIS imaging showed positive signals in the brain, which confirmed malignant round cells on histopathology and were quantitatively measured by alu-qPCR.
Conclusion
The Rb CSCs (CD44+/CD133-) are endowed with inherent drug resistance and tumor-initiating, as demonstrated by enhanced capacity to form tumor xenografts in the CE-CAM model with evidence of metastasis. The CE-CAM is a valuable, cost-effective pre-clinical model that evaluates the pathogenesis of tumor progression and also targets therapies.