bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The life history of Ahnfeltiopsis paradoxa (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) in laboratory culture
Authors: Masuda Michio , Shimizu Tetsu , Kogame Kazuhiro 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe life history of the red alga Ahnfeltiopsis paradoxa (Suringar) Masuda (Phyllophoraceae, Gigartinales) from Japan was completed in laboratory culture. Carpospores isolated from field‐collected plants germinated to form circular crusts that were composed of a monostromatic hypothallium consisting of radiating filaments, a polystromatic perithallium consisting of tightly coalescent erect filaments, and hypobasal tissue derived from the hypothallium. The crusts were induced to sporulate by transferring them from short‐day to long‐day regimes at 15° and 2°C. Each crust produced several nemathecia along 1‐4 concentric rings. Intercalary, cruciately or decussately divided tetrasporangia were formed in 4‐6 (1‐2 at the margin of the nemathecium) successive cells of a single filament of the nemathecia. Tetraspore germlings gave rise to basal discs from which upright axes developed. The upright axes first grew without branches or were sparsely branched and later bore many marginal reproductive proliferations. Procarps and spermatangia were formed in the proliferations on different individuals. Carposporophytes developed on female plants that were co‐cultured with male plants. Gonimoblast filaments were formed from an auxiliary cell that fused with a carpogonium. Carposporangia developed from gonimoblast filaments and medullary cells contacted by the gonimoblast filaments. Carpospores were discharged through carpostomes formed in the thickened cortex. Tetraspores were cultured from field‐collected crusts of a morphology similar to that of cultured tetrasporophytes. They gave rise to upright gametophytic axes similar in morphology to this species as seen in the field.
Occurrence of jasmonic acid in Dunaliella (Dunaliellales, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Fujii Shuhei , Yamamoto Ryoichi , Miyamoto Kensuke , Ueda Junichi 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe occurrence of jasmonic acid and related compounds in Dunaliella species was investigated using gas‐liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GCY MS). Jasmonic acid was identified in the ethyl acetate soluble‐acidic fraction of Dunaliella tertiolecta and Dunaliella salina (Dunal) Teodoresco, The concentration of jasmonic acid in D. salina. which is extremely halophilic, was much higher than that in D. tertiolecta Butcher, These results indicate that jasmonic acid might play an important role in salt‐tolerance in Dunaliella.
The effect of irradiance and irradiation time on the size of initial cells in vegetative cell enlargement of Coscinodiscus wailesii (Centrales, Bacillariophyceae) in culture
Authors: Nagai Satoshi , Imai Ichiro 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe effect of irradiance and irradiation time were examined on rates of pseudo‐auxospore formation and the size of initial cells in vegetative cell enlargement of the giant diatom Coscinodiscus wailesii Gran in culture. The mean rate of pseudo‐auxospore formation ranged from 25.9% to 47.8% between experimental incubation conditions. No significant difference was detected in rates among different irradiances and irradiation times, and parent cell sizes. However, the mean valve diameter of the initial cells of the diatom was affected by an interaction between the light conditions and the diameter of the parent cells. Initial cells size tended to be larger with combined conditions of higher irradiance levels and longer irradiation time. There appears to be a relationship (a steady increase, although not a straight line) between the total daily irradiance and the valve diameter of the initial cells. The mean valve diameter of initial cells from larger parent cells was significantly larger than those from smaller parent cells under the same light conditions.
The number and distribution pattern of Golgi bodies in cells of Micrasterias (Conjugates, Chlorophyta) examined by fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy
Authors: Ueda Katsumi , Noguchi Tetsuko 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe number and the distribution pattern of Golgi bodies in cells of Micrasterias americana and Micrasterias crux‐melitensis were examined both by fluorescence microscopy and by electron microscopy. Golgi bodies intensely absorbed the fluorescent dye DiOC6(3) and strongly radiated fluorescent light. The number of Golgi bodies nearly doubled before septum formation, and half of the Golgi bodies entered each sister cell. Many Golgi bodies migrated from the non‐growing half‐cell to the growing half‐cell where new cell walls were actively being synthesized. Most Golgi bodies were not in contact with chloroplasts in the growing half‐cell. Half of the Golgi bodies moved back to the non‐growing half‐cell 6–12 h after completion of the new half‐cell. Golgi bodies were in contact with the surfaces of chloroplasts 12 h after full growth.
Preliminary characterization of carbohydrate stores from chlorarachniophytes (Division: Chlorarachniophyta)
Authors: McFadden G. I. , Gilson P. R. , Sims I. M. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYChlorarachniophytes are amoeboid/flagellate eukaryotes that harbor reduced green algal endosymbionts. The carbohydrate stores of chlorarachniophyte algae have been investigated using methylation analysis to determine monosaccharide composition. An appreciable quantity of long chain β‐1,3 glucan occurs in these algae. Immunogold electron microscopy using an antibody specific for (β‐1,3 glucans localized (β‐1,3 glucans within a vacuole in the host cell cytoplasm. The results suggest that photosynthate produced by the endosymbiont is stored by the host. Implications of the data for endosymbiosis are discussed.
Taxonomic notes onLaurencia mariannensis(Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Masuda Michio , Kogame Kazuhiro , Kamura Shintoku 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe marine red algaLaurencia mariannensisYamada (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales) is characterized by pale rose‐red, softly fleshy, slender, terete axes (up to 600 μm in diameter), arising from a loosely entangled, stoloniferous basal system among species that have the following combination of features: the presence of longitudinally orientated secondary pit‐connections between contiguous superficial cortical cells; the presence of projecting superficial cortical cells at the upper portions of branches; and the presence of lenticular thickenings in the walls of medullary cells, Furthermore, the presence of two or threecorps en ceriseper superficial cortical cell and one per trichoblast cell may characterize the species.
PorphyraandBangia(Bangiaceae, Rhodophyta) in warm temperate waters of eastern Australia: Morphological and molecular analyses
Authors: Woolcott Geoffrey W. , King Robert J. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYMorphological observations confirm the presence of only three species of the Bangiaceae (Rhodophyta) in warm temperate waters of eastern Australia:Bangia atropurpurea, Porphyra columbinaandPorphyra denti‐culata. Analyses of DNA sequence data from the inter‐generic spacer region between the large‐ and small‐sub‐unit ribulose‐l,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase gene (rbcL andrbcS, respectively) and portions of the flanking regions, confirm these taxonomic conclusions for the twoPorphyraspecies: there is clear sequence divergence between the two species, and strong genetic similarity betweenP. columbinaisolates over a wide geographical region. Sequence analyses also reveal a strong similarity betweenBangiaisolates over a wide geographical range, but the taxonomy ofB. atropurpureamay need to be re‐examined in light of sequence differences between these and northern hemisphere isolates ofB. atropurpurea. Molecular analyses support the view thatBangiaandPorphyraspecies are sufficiently closely related to be placed in a single genus.
Photosynthetic use of light and inorganic carbon in air and water by the intertidal alga Petalonia fascia (Scytosiphonales, Phaeophyta)
Authors: Flores‐Moya Antonio , Fernández José A. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe photosynthetic performance of the intertidal alga Petalonia fascia (0. F. Muller) Kuntze (Scytosiphona‐ceae, Phaeophyta) has been investigated, both in air and water, by analyzing the relationship between apparent photosynthesis rate and photon irradiance and inorganic carbon. In relation to the use of photon irradiance, it was found that the net photosynthetic capacity in water was 5.7 times that in air (fully hydrated thallus). The light compensation point was achieved at 5.9 and 3.0 μmol photons m−2 s−1 in air and water, respectively. The light onset‐saturation parameter and the photosynthetic efficiency were 77% and 25% greater in water than in air, respectively. The dark respiration rate was one‐third greater when emersed in comparison to submersion conditions. These data suggest that the photosynthetic response to irradiance in P. fascia is similar to that in infralittoral species rather than the intertidal species. This assessment can be explained by the winter seasonality of the bladed stage of growth, when storms and waves permit a permanent hydrated status of P. fascia that in the intertidal zone. Moreover, the minimum tissue water content that permitted active photosynthesis in the alga was around 20%. The net photosynthetic capacity as a function of inorganic carbon (C) concentration in water was 1.5 times that in air. Photosynthesis was saturated in both media with respect to the availability of inorganic C in natural conditions. The affinity to inorganic C, and the carbon conductance, were two orders of magnitude higher in air than in water. However, the higher photosynthetic capacity when submerged in comparison to emersion conditions suggests that P. fascia can assimilate the external HCO3,– or the occurrence of a CO2 concentrating mechanism in this species.
Caulerpa sedoides f. geminata (Codiales, Chlorophyta) from Papua New Guinea, and a reappraisal of the different forms of C. sedoides
Authors: Coppejans Eric , De Clerck Olivier , Leliaert Frederik 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYStudy of the type specimen of Caulerpa sedoides f. geminata shows that the original description and illustrations of this taxon are not correct and induce confusion. The type specimen is compared with recent collections from Papua New Guinea. A corrected and more complete description, as well as illustrations are given and a comparison is made with other Caulerpa species with opposite ramuli. Other forms of C. sedoides (f. crassicaulis, f. tasmanica, f. mixta) as well as the bio‐geographical distribution of this species, are discussed.
Relationships between dynamics of red tide‐causing raphidophycean flagellates and algicidal micro‐organisms in the coastal sea of Japan
Authors: Imai Ichiro , Kim Mu‐Chan , Nagasaki Keizo , Itakura Shigeru , Ishida Yuzaburo 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYTemporal fluctuations of algicidal micro‐organisms against the red tide causing raphidophycean flagellates Chattonella antiqua (Hada) Ono and Heterosigma akashiwo (Hada) Hada ex Hara et Chihara were investigated using the microplate most probable number (MPN) method in northern Hiroshima Bay and Harima‐Nada, the Seto Inland Sea, in 1992 and 1993. In Har‐ima‐Nada, both flagellates appeared at low levels (< 1 cell mL−1), and killer micro‐organisms against the two flagellates (C‐killer for C. antiqua and H‐killer for H. akashiwo) also appeared at low densities (< 2 mL−1). In northern Hiroshima Bay, C. antiqua cells were scarce (< 1 cell mL−1), and C‐killers occurred at a low level (≤ 3.4 mL−1). Conversely, red tides of H. akashiwo occurred there in June of both years. The dynamics of H‐killers revealed a close relationship with that of H. akashiwo populations. H‐killers followed the increase of H. akashiwo cells, reached a maximum level after the beginning of decline of H. akashiwo, maintained a high level for at least 1 week after the crash of bloom, and then decreased. C‐killers consistently remained at low densities during the period of H. akashiwo red tides in both 1992 and 1993. Hence, algicidal micro‐organisms specifically associated with the occurrence and crash of H. akashiwo red tides, and presumably contributed to the rapid termination of the red tides in the coastal seas such as northern Hiroshima Bay.
Sensitivity of the surface coat of the halotolerant green alga Dunaliella parva (Volvocales, Chlorophyceae) to lysozyme
Authors: Hatanaka Yoshiro , Inaoka Kokoro , Kobayashi Osamu , Higashihara Masataka , Hiyama Keiichiro 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe surface coat of Dunaliella parva Lerche was investigated using several techniques. Degradation by several cell lytic enzymes and ultrastructural observation revealed that D. parva has a specialized cell surface structure containing a glycoprotein that is sensitive not only to proteinases but also to lysozyme. This sensitivity was also demonstrated by electrophoresis of the cells and measurement of released glycerol after enzyme treatment. Immunochemical labeling indicated that the surface glycoprotein of D. parva is analogous to pepti‐doglycan.
Assessment of the seaweed‐seagrass resource of Mararison Island, Culasi, Antique, Philippines*
Authors: Hurtado‐Ponce A. Q. , Chavoso E. A. J. , Parami N. P. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYA bimonthly sampling of the seaweed‐seagrass resource of Mararison Island, Culasi Antique, was undertaken over 1 year to assess the species composition, similarity of taxa, and biomass (dry weight [d.w.] g m−2) at seven localities. A total of 45 species was identified: 17 Chlorophyta, seven Phaeophyta, 15 Rhodophyta, one Cyanophyta and five seagrasses. Except for some Rhodophyta and Syringodium isoetifolium (Ascherson) Dandy, the occurrence of species between stations was not significantly different; however, differences in biomass between sampling time (month) were significant. Identical taxa between stations were determined. The highest (40) and lowest (22) number of species collected were in May and July, respectively. The species were most abundant from March to May (dry months) and sparse from July to September (wet months). The most abundant species were: Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh (399 g m−2) (Phaeophyta), Dictyosphaeria cav‐ernosa (Forsskat) Borgesen (43.1 g m−2) (Chlorophyta), Acanthopeitis japonica Okamura (97.2 gm−2) (Rhodophyta) and Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenberg) Ascherson (1370 g m−2; seagrass). The Phaeophyta were abundant in March, and the Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta in May, while the seagrasses were abundant in September. Some species occurred only during the dry months: two Phaeophyta, nine Chlorophyta and five Rhodophyta. All the seagrasses were found year‐round. Almost all of the seaweeds (39/45) were found associated with seagrass. The number of seaweeds in Mararison Island was higher than for seagrasses but the total biomass of the latter was much higher than the combined biomass of the seaweeds.
Selective disappearance of maternal centrioles after fertilization in the anisogamous brown alga Cutleria cylindrica (Cutleriales, Phaeophyceae): Paternal inheritance of centrioles is universal in the brown algae
Authors: Nagasato Chikako , Motomura Taizo , Ichrmura Terunobu 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe behavior of centrioles in zygotes and female gametes developing parthenogenetically in the anisogamous brown alga Cutieria cyiindrica Okamura was studied using electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. Two pairs of centrioles, detected using anti‐centrin antibody, were observed in the vicinity of the male and female nuclei, respectively, just after plasmogamy. The fluorescence intensity of one of the two centrin foci became weak 6 h after plasmogamy and finally disappeared. It was impossible to determine whether the male‐ or female‐derived centrioles disappeared in zygotes, because there was nothing to detect morphological differences between the two centrioles. However, a prominent anti‐centrin staining focus was located at the condensed male nucleus in zygotes in which karyogamy had not occurred yet. As a result, it was considered that the maternally inherited centrioles had selectively disappeared during development in C. cylindrica. The paternal inheritance of centrioles in zygotes was also confirmed by electron microscopy. Considering previous observations from oogamous and isogamous species of brown algae, we concluded that the paternal inheriance of centrioles could be universal in the brown algae.
Taxonomic re‐examination of a Chinese strain labeled ‘Eudorinasp.’ (Volvocaceae, Chlorophyta) based on morphological and DNA sequence data
Authors: Nozaki Hisayoshi , Song Lirong , Liu Yongding , Hiroki Mikiya , Watanabe Makoto M. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYA culture strain, CCFA 646, originating from the People's Republic of China and designated as ‘Eudorinasp.’ in the Culture Collection of Freshwater Algae at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, was re‐examined taxonomically based on light and electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Vegetative colonies of CCFA 646 were sub‐spherical or ovoid and contained 16 or 32 cells of identical size. The cells had a cup‐shaped chloroplast with a single basal pyrenoid. During asexual reproduction, each daughter colony developed within a transparent vesicle inside the parental colony. Under the electron microscope, the vegetative colony exhibited a tripartite colonial boundary of the extracellular matrix. Inside the boundary, each cell was tightly enclosed by a dense fi‐brillar layer of the matrix (cellular envelope). These morphological characteristics suggested that CCFA 646 is assignable toEudorina unicoccaG. M. Smith orYa‐magishiella unicocca(Rayburn et Starr) Nozaki. In addition, 1128 base pairs of the large subunit of ribulose‐1, 5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) gene were sequenced from CCFA 646 and NIES‐578 ofY. unicocca. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on these sequence data as well as on the previously publishedrbcLgene sequences from five strains ofY. unicocca, six strains of fourEudorinaspecies and 28 related species. The sequence data suggested with high bootstrap values that CCFA 646 and all six strains ofYama‐gishiellaform a monophyletic group positioned outside the large monophyletic group comprisingEudorina, Pleo‐dorinaandVolvox(except for sect.Volvox). Therefore, CCFA 646 can be assigned toY. unicocca, which has not previously been reported from P. R. China.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION BY COLORECTAL TISSUE CULTURE AND FLUID CULTURE AFTER COLONOSCOPIC WASHING
Authors: Suda Hiroaki , Tamayama Takaaki , Fujinuma Sumio , Sakai Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2006

Background:  Inflammation of the colon is often found during colonoscopy. In order to confirm the pathogenesis of the lesion, bacterial cultures are applied. Biopsied tissue specimens are used for bacterial culture, and fluid culture after colonoscopic washing also has been used for bacterial identification. In the latter method, sterile saline solution is sprayed over the area and then is collected with the fluid. The two methods have not been compared with each other.Methods:  The subjects comprised 89 cases with inflammatory lesions detected during colonoscopy. Samples were collected by both methods at the inflammatory site. The bacterial load was semiquantitatively evaluated as 1+, 2+, and 3+.Results:  Pathological bacteria were found in nine cases. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was detected in one case only by tissue culture. In the other eight cases, bacteria cultures were positive by both methods. A total of 36 kinds of bacteria constituting the intestinal flora were identified. The detection rate was 83.9% by fluid culture and 70.9% by tissue culture. It was significantly larger by fluid culture than by tissue culture. Bacteria were isolated at a rate of 3.61 species per sample by fluid culture and 3.05 species per sample by tissue culture. The bacterial load per species was a median of 2.00+ by fluid culture and 1.27+ by tissue culture. The number of detected bacterial species and the bacterial load per species were significantly larger by fluid culture than by tissue culture.Conclusion:  Fluid culture after colonoscopic washing is recommended to identify intestinal bacteria by culture.
COMMUNITY‐BASED MASS SCREENING FOR COLORECTAL CANCER BY A COMBINATION OF FECAL OCCULT BLOOD TESTING AND FLEXIBLE SIGMOIDOSCOPY
Authors: Nozaki Ryoichi , Murata Ryuji , Tanimura Syu , Ohwan Tomohisa , Ogata Syunji , Yamada Kazutaka , Takano Masahiro 
Published: February 2006

Background:  There have only been a few large‐scale community‐based reports on the combination of immunological fecal occult blood testing (IFOBT) and flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS). Based on the results of mass screening at our hospital, we investigated the utility of combining IFOBT with FS to detect colorectal cancer (CRC) and analyzed the detection rates of CRC.Subjects and methods:  The subjects comprised examinees during mass screening for CRC from 1992 to 2002. Only examinees that underwent the 2‐day IFOBT method were enrolled. During the 11 years, 117 644 subjects had negative 2‐day IFOBT and underwent FS. Cancers that were directly found by FS or by work‐up examinations with negative 2‐day IFOBT were designated as IFOBT‐FS‐detected cancers.Results:  The detection rate of CRC was 0.16% (mucosal cancer, 0.13%; invasive cancer, 0.03%) by negative 2‐day IFOBT and FS. It was 0.27% (mucosal cancer, 0.22%; invasive cancer, 0.05%) in first‐time examinees. The detection rate was significantly higher in males than in females, and rates increased with age in both genders. Adverse events included eight cases of ischemic colitis that occurred after FS (incidence rate, 0.0068%). There were no cases of perforation, hemorrhage or infection after endoscopy.Conclusion:  Although there are problems in introducing FS into mass screening for CRC, such as cost‐effectiveness, speed of examinations and lack of manpower, FS is expected to prevail because preparation is easier, and it is a shorter and safer procedure than colonoscopy. In particular, a combination of IFOBT with FS is effective and recommended in first‐time examinees and for individuals 50 years and older. Mass screening using the combination of IFOBT and FS provides limited benefit in those who are below 50 years of age.
LONG‐TERM FOLLOW UP OF GASTRIC ANTRAL VASCULAR ECTASIA TREATED BY ARGON PLASMA COAGULATION
Authors: Nakamura Shinichi , Mitsunaga Atsushi , Konishi Hiroyuki , Oi Itaru , Shiratori Keiko , Suzuki Shigeru 
Published: February 2006

Background:  Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is characterized by diffuse vasodilation mainly affecting the antrum and causes gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) provides rapid coagulation of a wide region, and thus appears to be more useful than conventional methods for the treatment of extensive lesions with superficial oozing bleeding, such as GAVE. In this study, we evaluated the use of APC for GAVE.Methods:  The study subjects were 22 patients with GAVE (10 men and 12 women, mean age 65.8 years, diffuse type (n = 19) and watermelon type (n = 3)) who developed gastrointestinal hemorrhage (melena, fall in hemoglobin (Hb, by ≥ 2.0 g/dL), or endoscopy‐confirmed bleeding) and treated with APC. Endoscopic treatment was applied weekly, and considered successful if all detectable GAVE lesions were eradicated and the Hb stabilized without further transfusion. Clinical outcome was assessed.Results:  The median total number of treatment sessions was four (range: 2–9 times), and the median observation period was 23.5 months. The cumulative recurrence‐free rate was 49.7% after 1 year, 35.5% after 2 years, and 35.5% after 3 years. The survival rates after treatment were 94.4, 75.8 and 64.9% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. No complications of APC were observed.Conclusion:  APC appears to be effective for temporary control of hemorrhage and anemia due to GAVE, but is not always effective over the long term. For proper management of GAVE, drug therapy, blood transfusion and control of the underlying disease are necessary in addition to achieving hemostasis temporarily by APC.