bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unstable employment careers and (quasi-)completed fertility: evidence from the labour market deregulation in Italy
Authors: Alderotti Giammarco , Guetto Raffaele , Barbieri Paolo , Scherer Stefani , Vignoli Daniele 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Most research on the fertility consequences of labour market instability has focussed on the transition to parenthood, ignoring potential ‘catching up’ effects and, thus, the more encompassing view on cohort fertility. This work extends on this point by analysing the consequences of employment instability on (quasi-)completed fertility for men and women in Italy. From a cohort perspective, we look at fertility outcomes at age 41 among those who experienced labour market deregulation (cohorts born between 1966 and 1975) in comparison with the previous cohorts (those born between 1951 and 1965) and relate the fertility outcome to the instability of their employment histories. Based on data from a large-scale, nationally representative retrospective survey, we find that fragmented employment careers and atypical employment periods come with a lower likelihood of ever becoming a parent and a higher probability of having fewer children compared to those with continuous, stable careers. Our study suggests that the consequences of rising labour market instability not only lead to a postponement of childbearing but also lead to overall lower numbers of children, especially for men and younger cohorts. This study adds to previous research by suggesting that recuperation in employment instability-induced childbearing postponement does not take place to a sufficient extent, at least in Italy.
Body mass index, waist circumference, and mortality in subjects older than 80 years: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lv Yuebin , Zhang Yue , Li Xinwei , Gao Xiang , Ren Yongyong , Deng Luojia , Xu Lanjing , Zhou Jinhui , Wu Bing , Wei Yuan , Cui Xingyao , Xu Zinan , Guo Yanbo , Qiu Yidan , Ye Lihong , Chen Chen , Wang Jun , Li Chenfeng , Luo Yufei , Yin Zhaoxue , Mao Chen , Yu Qiong , Lu Hui , Kraus Virginia Byers , Zeng Yi , Tong Shilu , Shi Xiaoming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Emerging evidence has raised an obesity paradox in observational studies of body mass index (BMI) and health among the oldest-old (aged ≥80 years), as an inverse relationship of BMI with mortality was reported. This study was to investigate the causal associations of BMI, waist circumference (WC), or both with mortality in the oldest-old people in China.

Methods
A total of 5306 community-based oldest-old (mean age 90.6 years) were enrolled in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) between 1998 and 2018. Genetic risk scores were constructed from 58 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMI and 49 SNPs associated with WC to subsequently derive causal estimates for Mendelian randomization (MR) models. One-sample linear MR along with non-linear MR analyses were performed to explore the associations of genetically predicted BMI, WC, and their joint effect with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and non-CVD mortality.

Results
During 24 337 person-years of follow-up, 3766 deaths were documented. In observational analyses, higher BMI and WC were both associated with decreased mortality risk [hazard ratio (HR) 0.963, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.955–0.971 for a 1-kg/m2 increment of BMI and HR 0.971 (95% CI 0.950–0.993) for each 5 cm increase of WC]. Linear MR models indicated that each 1 kg/m2 increase in genetically predicted BMI was monotonically associated with a 4.5% decrease in all-cause mortality risk [HR 0.955 (95% CI 0.928–0.983)]. Non-linear curves showed the lowest mortality risk at the BMI of around 28.0 kg/m2, suggesting that optimal BMI for the oldest-old may be around overweight or mild obesity. Positive monotonic causal associations were observed between WC and all-cause mortality [HR 1.108 (95% CI 1.036–1.185) per 5 cm increase], CVD mortality [HR 1.193 (95% CI 1.064–1.337)], and non-CVD mortality [HR 1.110 (95% CI 1.016–1.212)]. The joint effect analyses indicated that the lowest risk was observed among those with higher BMI and lower WC.

Conclusions
Among the oldest-old, opposite causal associations of BMI and WC with mortality were observed, and a body figure with higher BMI and lower WC could substantially decrease the mortality risk. Guidelines for the weight management should be cautiously designed and implemented among the oldest-old people, considering distinct roles of BMI and WC.
Association between body mass index and results of cryoballoon ablation in Korean patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis from the Korean Heart Rhythm Society Cryoablation registry
Authors: Ahn Hyun Jin , Oh Il-Young , Choi JungMin , Lee Kyung-Yeon , Ahn Hyo-Jeong , Kwon Soonil , Choi Eue-Keun , Oh Seil , Kim Ju Youn , Cha Myung-Jin , Kwon Chang Hee , Lee Sung Ho , Park Junbeom , Kim Ki-Hun , Yang Pil-Sung , Kim Jun-Hyung , Shim Jaemin , Lim Hong Euy , Lee So-Ryoung 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
Pulmonary vein isolation using cryoablation is effective and safe in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Although both obesity and underweight are associated with a higher risk for incident AF, there is limited data on the efficacy and safety following cryoablation according to body mass index (BMI) especially in Asians.

Methods and results
Using the Korean Heart Rhythm Society Cryoablation registry, a multicentre registry of 12 tertiary hospitals, we analysed AF recurrence and procedure-related complications after cryoablation by BMI (kg/m2) groups (BMI &lt; 18.5, underweight, UW; 18.5–23, normal, NW; 23–25, overweight, OW; 25–30, obese Ⅰ, OⅠ; ≥30, obese Ⅱ, OⅡ). A total of 2648 patients were included (median age 62.0 years; 76.7% men; 55.6% non-paroxysmal AF). Patients were categorized by BMI groups: 0.9% UW, 18.7% NW, 24.8% OW, 46.1% OI, and 9.4% OII. Underweight patients were the oldest and had least percentage of non-paroxysmal AF (33.3%). During a median follow-up of 1.7 years, atrial arrhythmia recurred in 874 (33.0%) patients (incidence rate, 18.9 per 100 person-years). After multivariable adjustment, the risk of AF recurrence was higher in UW group compared with NW group (adjusted hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval; 2.55, 1.18–5.50, P = 0.02). Procedure-related complications occurred in 123 (4.7%) patients, and the risk was higher for UW patients (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval; 2.90, 0.94–8.99, P = 0.07), mainly due to transient phrenic nerve palsy.

Conclusion
Underweight patients showed a higher risk of AF recurrence after cryoablation compared with NW patients. Also, careful attention is needed on the occurrence of phrenic nerve palsy in UW patients.
Comparative population genomics reveals convergent and divergent selection in the apricot–peach–plum–mei complex
Authors: Yang Xuanwen , Su Ying , Huang Siyang , Hou Qiandong , Wei Pengcheng , Hao Yani , Huang Jiaqi , Xiao Hua , Ma Zhiyao , Xu Xiaodong , Wang Xu , Cao Shuo , Cao Xuejing , Zhang Mengyan , Wen Xiaopeng , Ma Yuhua , Peng Yanling , Zhou Yongfeng , Cao Ke , Qiao Guang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The economically significant genus Prunus includes fruit and nut crops that have been domesticated for shared and specific agronomic traits; however, the genomic signals of convergent and divergent selection have not been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to detect genomic signatures of convergent and divergent selection by conducting comparative population genomic analyses of the apricot–peach–plum–mei (APPM) complex, utilizing a haplotype-resolved telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome assembly and population resequencing data. The haplotype-resolved T2T reference genome for the plum cultivar was assembled through HiFi and Hi-C reads, resulting in two haplotypes 251.25 and 251.29 Mb in size, respectively. Comparative genomics reveals a chromosomal translocation of ~1.17 Mb in the apricot genomes compared with peach, plum, and mei. Notably, the translocation involves the D locus, significantly impacting titratable acidity (TA), pH, and sugar content. Population genetic analysis detected substantial gene flow between plum and apricot, with introgression regions enriched in post-embryonic development and pollen germination processes. Comparative population genetic analyses revealed convergent selection for stress tolerance, flower development, and fruit ripening, along with divergent selection shaping specific crop, such as somatic embryogenesis in plum, pollen germination in mei, and hormone regulation in peach. Notably, selective sweeps on chromosome 7 coincide with a chromosomal collinearity from the comparative genomics, impacting key fruit-softening genes such as PG, regulated by ERF and RMA1H1. Overall, this study provides insights into the genetic diversity, evolutionary history, and domestication of the APPM complex, offering valuable implications for genetic studies and breeding programs of Prunus crops.
Heterotrimeric Gα-subunit regulates flower and fruit development in CLAVATA signaling pathway in cucumber
Authors: Han Lijie , Huang Yafei , Li Chuang , Tian Di , She Daixi , Li Min , Wang Zhongyi , Chen Jiacai , Liu Liu , Wang Shaoyun , Song Weiyuan , Wang Liming , Gu Chaoheng , Wu Tao , Zhao Jianyu , Zhou Zhaoyang , Zhang Xiaolan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Flowers and fruits are the reproductive organs in plants and play essential roles in natural beauty and the human diet. CLAVATA (CLV) signaling has been well characterized as regulating floral organ development by modulating shoot apical meristem (SAM) size; however, the signaling molecules downstream of the CLV pathway remain largely unknown in crops. Here, we found that functional disruption of CsCLV3 peptide and its receptor CsCLV1 both resulted in flowers with extra organs and stumpy fruits in cucumber. A heterotrimeric G protein α-subunit (CsGPA1) was shown to interact with CsCLV1. Csgpa1 mutant plants derived from gene editing displayed significantly increased floral organ numbers and shorter and wider fruits, a phenotype resembling that of Csclv mutants in cucumber. Moreover, the SAM size was enlarged and the longitudinal cell size of fruit was decreased in Csgpa1 mutants. The expression of the classical stem cell regulator WUSCHEL (WUS) was elevated in the SAM, while the expression of the fruit length stimulator CRABS CLAW (CRC) was reduced in the fruit of Csgpa1 mutants. Therefore, the Gα-subunit CsGPA1 protein interacts with CsCLV1 to inhibit floral organ numbers but promote fruit elongation, via repressing CsWUS expression and activating CsCRC transcription in cucumber. Our findings identified a new player in the CLV signaling pathway during flower and fruit development in dicots, increasing the number of target genes for precise manipulation of fruit shape during crop breeding.
Circulating HBV RNA and Hepatitis B Core–Related Antigen Trajectories in Persons With HIV/HBV Coinfection and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss During Tenofovir Therapy
Authors: Begré Lorin , Boyd Anders , Plissonnier Marie-Laure , Testoni Barbara , Salazar-Vizcaya Luisa , Suter-Riniker Franziska , Scholtès Caroline , Béguelin Charles , Rockstroh Jürgen K , Günthard Huldrych F , Calmy Alexandra , Cavassini Matthias , Hirsch Hans H , Schmid Patrick , Bernasconi Enos , Levrero Massimo , Wandeler Gilles , Zoulim Fabien , Rauch Andri ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Abela I , Aebi-Popp K , Anagnostopoulos A , Battegay M , Bernasconi E , Braun D L , Bucher H C , Calmy A , Cavassini M , Ciuffi A , Dollenmaier G , Egger M , Elzi L , Fehr J , Fellay J , Furrer H , Fux C A , Günthard H F , Hachfeld A , Haerry D , Hasse B , Hirsch H H , Hoffmann M , Hösli I , Huber M , Jackson-Perry D , Kahlert C R , Keiser O , Klimkait T , Kouyos R D , Kovari H , Kusejko K , Labhardt N , Leuzinger K , Martinez de Tejada B , Marzolini C , Metzner K J , Müller N , Nemeth J , Nicca D , Notter J , Paioni P , Pantaleo G , Perreau M , Rauch A , Salazar-Vizcaya L , Schmid P , Speck R , Stöckle M , Tarr P , Trkola A , Wandeler G , Weisser M , Yerly S 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated long-term trajectories of circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA and hepatitis B core–related antigen (HBcrAg) in persons with and without hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss during tenofovir therapy in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.MethodsWe included 29 persons with HIV with HBsAg loss and 29 matched persons with HIV without HBsAg loss. We compared HBV RNA and HBcrAg decline and assessed the cumulative proportions with undetectable HBV RNA and HBcrAg levels during tenofovir therapy using Kaplan-Meier estimates.ResultsHBsAg loss occurred after a median of 4 years (IQR, 1–8). All participants with HBsAg loss achieved suppressed HBV DNA and undetectable HBV RNA preceding undetectable quantitative HBsAg levels, whereas 79% achieved negative HBcrAg. In comparison, 79% of participants without HBsAg loss achieved undetectable HBV-RNA and 48% negative HBcrAg. After 2 years of tenofovir therapy, an HBV RNA decline ≥1 log10 copies/mL had 100% sensitivity and 36.4% specificity for HBsAg loss, whereas an HBcrAg decline ≥1 log10 U/mL had 91.0% sensitivity and 64.5% specificity.ConclusionsHBV RNA suppression preceded undetectable quantitative HBsAg levels and had high sensitivity but low specificity for HBsAg loss during tenofovir therapy in persons with HIV. HBcrAg remained detectable in approximately 20% of persons with HBsAg loss and 50% of persons without HBsAg loss.
Babesia duncani, a Model Organism for Investigating Intraerythrocytic Parasitism and Novel Antiparasitic Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Fang Tiffany , Ben Mamoun Choukri 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Pathogens such as Plasmodium, Babesia, and Theileria invade and multiply within host red blood cells, leading to the pathological consequences of malaria, babesiosis, and theileriosis. Establishing continuous in vitro culture systems and suitable animal models is crucial for studying these pathogens. This review spotlights the Babesia duncani in culture-in mouse (ICIM) model as a promising resource for advancing research on the biology, pathogenicity, and virulence of intraerythrocytic parasites. The model offers practical benefits, encompassing well-defined culture conditions, ease of manipulation, and a well-annotated genome. Moreover, B. duncani serves as a surrogate system for drug discovery, facilitating the evaluation of new antiparasitic drugs in vitro and in animals, elucidating their modes of action, and uncovering potential resistance mechanisms. The B. duncani ICIM model thus emerges as a multifaceted tool with profound implications, promising advancements in our understanding of parasitic biology and shaping the development of future therapies.
Morphological Diversity and Evolution of Jaw Morphologies in Zeiform Fishes (Teleostei, Paracanthopterygii)
Authors: Peters J W , Duclos K K , Wilson M V H , Grande T C 
Published: April 2024

Synopsis
Zeiformes (dories, tinselfishes, and oreos) are primarily benthopelagic acanthomorph fishes, distributed between 50 and 1000 m depth on continental slopes and on flanks of oceanic islands and seamounts. Among the interesting morphological adaptations of zeiform fishes are their unique and highly protrusible jaws involving premaxillae with long ascending processes and a four-bar linkage, including mobile palatines that pivot on their posterior articulation. This adaptation for increased jaw protrusion has enabled zeiform fishes to capture elusive prey more efficiently and is arguably a major factor in their morphological diversity and evolutionary success. This study examines the evolution of zeiform jaw morphologies using 3D landmark-based multivariate morphometrics as well as phylomorphospace analysis. Results show that the descendants of the zeiform ancestor branched rapidly early in their history, retaining conservative jaw morphologies during this early branching, but subsequently strongly diverged in many of the resulting lineages. Results from this study are compared with earlier research based on overall body form, demonstrating that morphological variation within Zeiformes arose along at least two distinct trajectories: body form and jaw morphology. Variation among genera in body form is not associated with variation among the same genera in jaw morphology, and vice versa. Hypotheses to explain the apparent decoupling of body shape and jaw morphology are addressed along with avenues for further study to better understand the morphological evolution of these iconic fishes.
Iron limitation of heterotrophic bacteria in the California Current System tracks relative availability of organic carbon and iron
Authors: Manck Lauren E , Coale Tyler H , Stephens Brandon M , Forsch Kiefer O , Aluwihare Lihini I , Dupont Christopher L , Allen Andrew E , Barbeau Katherine A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for all microorganisms of the marine environment. Iron limitation of primary production has been well documented across a significant portion of the global surface ocean, but much less is known regarding the potential for iron limitation of the marine heterotrophic microbial community. In this work, we characterize the transcriptomic response of the heterotrophic bacterial community to iron additions in the California Current System, an eastern boundary upwelling system, to detect in situ iron stress of heterotrophic bacteria. Changes in gene expression in response to iron availability by heterotrophic bacteria were detected under conditions of high productivity when carbon limitation was relieved but when iron availability remained low. The ratio of particulate organic carbon to dissolved iron emerged as a biogeochemical proxy for iron limitation of heterotrophic bacteria in this system. Iron stress was characterized by high expression levels of iron transport pathways and decreased expression of iron-containing enzymes involved in carbon metabolism, where a majority of the heterotrophic bacterial iron requirement resides. Expression of iron stress biomarkers, as identified in the iron-addition experiments, was also detected in situ. These results suggest iron availability will impact the processing of organic matter by heterotrophic bacteria with potential consequences for the marine biological carbon pump.
Transnational Legal Spillover? A Re-Appraisal of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
Authors: Acorn Elizabeth , Allen Michael O 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Can prosecutions by US authorities help spread enforcement of foreign bribery laws to other countries? In this article, we explore this question by re-examining earlier scholarship that found that US prosecutions of foreign corporations under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) increase the likelihood that the corporation's home state will enforce its own foreign bribery laws. Using a conditional-frailty Cox model that allows us to model foreign bribery enforcement actions as repeat-events, we do not find evidence that FCPA prosecutions lead to sustained increases of foreign bribery enforcement by target countries. We also find that prior results are not robust to the inclusion of an important confounding variable: a country's level of exposure to corruption in their trading partners. Still, while our findings indicate a more limited role of US law enforcement in this area, we nonetheless see many promising avenues for future research on transnational law enforcement and its consequences.
Illuminating the landscape of high-level clinical trial opportunities in the All of Us Research Program
Authors: Shyr Cathy , Sulieman Lina , Harris Paul A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
With its size and diversity, the All of Us Research Program has the potential to power and improve representation in clinical trials through ancillary studies like Nutrition for Precision Health. We sought to characterize high-level trial opportunities for the diverse participants and sponsors of future trial investment.

Materials and Methods
We matched All of Us participants with available trials on ClinicalTrials.gov based on medical conditions, age, sex, and geographic location. Based on the number of matched trials, we (1) developed the Trial Opportunities Compass (TOC) to help sponsors assess trial investment portfolios, (2) characterized the landscape of trial opportunities in a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS), and (3) assessed the relationship between trial opportunities and social determinants of health (SDoH) to identify potential barriers to trial participation.

Results
Our study included 181 529 All of Us participants and 18 634 trials. The TOC identified opportunities for portfolio investment and gaps in currently available trials across federal, industrial, and academic sponsors. PheWAS results revealed an emphasis on mental disorder-related trials, with anxiety disorder having the highest adjusted increase in the number of matched trials (59% [95% CI, 57-62]; P &lt; 1e-300). Participants from certain communities underrepresented in biomedical research, including self-reported racial and ethnic minorities, had more matched trials after adjusting for other factors. Living in a nonmetropolitan area was associated with up to 13.1 times fewer matched trials.

Discussion and Conclusion
All of Us data are a valuable resource for identifying trial opportunities to inform trial portfolio planning. Characterizing these opportunities with consideration for SDoH can provide guidance on prioritizing the most pressing barriers to trial participation.
Transparent deep learning to identify autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in EHR using clinical notes
Authors: Leroy Gondy , Andrews Jennifer G , KeAlohi-Preece Madison , Jaswani Ajay , Song Hyunju , Galindo Maureen Kelly , Rice Sydney A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
Machine learning (ML) is increasingly employed to diagnose medical conditions, with algorithms trained to assign a single label using a black-box approach. We created an ML approach using deep learning that generates outcomes that are transparent and in line with clinical, diagnostic rules. We demonstrate our approach for autism spectrum disorders (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition with increasing prevalence.

Methods
We use unstructured data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) surveillance records labeled by a CDC-trained clinician with ASD A1-3 and B1-4 criterion labels per sentence and with ASD cases labels per record using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM5) rules. One rule-based and three deep ML algorithms and six ensembles were compared and evaluated using a test set with 6773 sentences (N = 35 cases) set aside in advance. Criterion and case labeling were evaluated for each ML algorithm and ensemble. Case labeling outcomes were compared also with seven traditional tests.

Results
Performance for criterion labeling was highest for the hybrid BiLSTM ML model. The best case labeling was achieved by an ensemble of two BiLSTM ML models using a majority vote. It achieved 100% precision (or PPV), 83% recall (or sensitivity), 100% specificity, 91% accuracy, and 0.91 F-measure. A comparison with existing diagnostic tests shows that our best ensemble was more accurate overall.

Conclusions
Transparent ML is achievable even with small datasets. By focusing on intermediate steps, deep ML can provide transparent decisions. By leveraging data redundancies, ML errors at the intermediate level have a low impact on final outcomes.