bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C.T. Gillin, D. MacGregor, and T.R. Klassen (Eds.). Time's Up! Mandatory Retirement in Canada. Toronto: James Lorimer, 2005.
Authors: Béland Daniel 
Published: January 2007

RÉSUMÉCet ouvrage collectif propose une analyse du débat canadien sur l'abolition de la retraite obligatoire. À l'exception d'un chapitre, le livre propose une critique en règle de cette pratique, avec un accent sur le monde universitaire. Facile à lire et souvent intéressant, ce livre souffre de deux lacunes majeures. Premièrement, les discussions historiques et comparatives sont éparpillées dans plusieurs chapitres différents, ce qui complique la compréhension des grands enjeux du débat sur la retraite obligatoire. Deuxièmement, ce livre n'explique pas vraiment pourquoi deux des dix provinces canadiennes (le Québec et le Manitoba) ont aboli la retraite obligatoire alors que les huit autres n'ont fait qu'en restreindre l'application. Malgré ces deux lacunes, cet ouvrage collectif représente une contribution inégale mais significative au débat contemporain sur l'avenir de la retraite obligatoire au Canada.
Douwe Draaisma. Why Life Speeds Up as You Get Older: How Memory Shapes Our Past. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Authors: Fortin Claudette 
Published: January 2007

RÉSUMÉCe livre traite de la mémoire autobiographique, c'est-à-dire de cette capacité d'emmagasiner et de récupérer l'information concernant notre expérience personnelle. Les thèmes abordés sont variés et vont de l'amnésie infantile jusqu'à ce phénomène souvent rapporté de rappel instantané de l'ensemble de la vie lorsque la mort est proche, en passant par différents sujets reliés aux expériences de vie tels que la mémoire des odeurs ou l'effet d'expériences traumatiques sur la mémorisation. On y trouve également de nombreuses références historiques reliées à l'étude de la mémoire. Plusieurs anecdotes et détails historiques sont rapportés dans un style narratif très vivant qui rend la lecture de ce texte particulièrement agréable et accessible à un auditoire non spécialisé. Ce livre captivera toute personne qui s'intéresse à la mémoire et à la recherche dans ce domaine.
Robert B. Hudson (Ed.). The New Politics of Old Age Policy. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Pres, 2005.
Authors: Klassen Thomas R. 
Published: January 2007

RÉSUMÉLe vieillissement de la population fait en sorte que les politiques concernant les personnes âgées attirent de plus en plus l'attention des gouvernements. Aux États-Unis, les deux principaux programmes pour les personnes âgées sont le programme d'assurance-vieillesse du volet sécurité sociale et le programme Medicare. The New Politics of Old Age Policy examine les enjeux liées ces programmes aux nouvelles conditions démographiques. Le thème du livre porte sur le degré de responsabilité de l'État plutôt que celles des individus en ce qui a trait au soutien des personnes âgées. En général, le livre est une introduction intéressante à la politique de sécurité du revenu aux États-unis. Toutefois, ses nombreuses répétitions, le traitement superficiel des sujets et son manque de cohérence en limite quelque peu la portée.
Health Status of Older Immigrants to Canada
Authors: Newbold K. Bruce , Filice John K. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTUsing the 2000/2001 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), this paper examines the health status of the older (aged 55+) immigrant population relative to that of non-immigrants in order to identify areas where their health statuses diverge. First, we compare the health status of older immigrants (foreign-born) aged 55 and over in Canada to the Canadian-born in terms of age and gender using multiple measures of health status including self-assessed health. Second, we identify the factors associated with health status using the determinants of health framework. In both cases, the key questions are whether differences in health status exist and whether they are explained primarily by socio-economic, socio-demographic, or lifestyle factors that may point to problems with the Canadian health care system. Findings indicate that there is a relative comparability in the health status of older immigrants, even after controlling for age.
C. Claassen. Whistling Women: A Study of the Lives of Older Lesbians. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press, 2005.
Authors: Stone Sharon Dale 
Published: January 2007

RÉSUMÉEn plus de présenter une fascinante ethnographie d'un sous-groupe de femmes américaines encore relativement peu connu, Whistling Women révise la prémisse selon laquelle toutes les personnes âgées sont d'orientation hétérosexuelle. S'appuyant sur des entrevues menées auprès de 44 lesbiennes, l'ouvrage présente les récits de vie de ces répondantes et examine leur expérience de la vieillesse. Globalement, ce livre présentera de l'intérêt pour les lecteurs intéressés à la question de l'influence du passé sur le présent ou sur les possibilités existantes pour les lesbiennes vieillissantes. Il manque toutefois à l'ouvrage une appréciation plus raffinée de ces questions d'un point de vue gérontologique.
A Literature Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of the Organization of Care at the End of Life
Authors: Thomas Roger E. , Wilson Donna , Sheps Sam 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTWe searched nine electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about care at the end of life and found 23 RCTs. We assessed their quality using the criteria of the Cochrane Collaboration. The RCTs researched three themes: (a) the effect of providing palliative care through dedicated community teams on quality of life, on the management of symptoms, on satisfaction with care, on the duration of the palliative period, and on place of death; (b) the effects of specific palliative care interventions—advanced planning of care for the end of life, patient-held records, providing quality-of-life data to patients and physicians, grief education for relatives, palliative care education for nurses, and palliative care for patients with dementia; and (c) the costs of palliative compared to conventional care. We identify difficulties in conducting research on palliative care and solutions and discuss future possible research themes.
Critique of "Distance Estimation with Night Vision Goggles: A Little Feedback Goes a Long Way"
Authors: DeLucia Patricia R. 
Published: January 2007

The Editor invited me to critique the previous article in a "critique-rebuttal" format. Consistent with an approach adopted earlier (Maddox, 1996), I aim to foster a positive and informative scholarly exchange. The article has several strengths. First, it addresses a topic that has practical importance. For example, night vision goggles (NVGs) have played an important role in military operations; it is critical that pilots make accurate judgments about depth and collision (e.g., DeLucia & Task, 1995). Furthermore, it is difficult to conduct research on NVGs; they are relatively costly and manipulations are constrained by available technology. Thus, studies on NVGs are important. Second, the authors' results regarding performance with NVGs extend those obtained without NVGs: (1) Reports of absolute distance can improve with training (e.g., Ferris, 1972; Gibson & Bergman, 1954); (2) Judgments of distance can vary with the orientation of the distance with respect to the viewer (Wagner, 1985). My comments focus on several aspects of the methods, and interpretations of the results.
Measuring the Plastic Zone Size by Orientation Gradient Mapping (OGM) and Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging (ECCI)
Authors: Welsch M. T. , Henning M. , Marx M. , Vehoff H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor the local investigation of plastic deformation mechanisms non‐destructive methods are needed to image the distribution of dislocations and to measure dislocation densities. Additionally these methods should be usable in situ. Therefore the well known methods EBSD and ECCI are improved by an appropriate processing of the measured data. The resulting two new techniques OGM and ECCI‐plus are validated in detail for two complex sets of experiments. Both techniques are used to image plastic deformation zones and to measure the size of plastic zones on a macro scale (hardness indents) as well as on a micro scale (crack tips) as demonstrated in this paper. Additionally OGM gives even quantitative data of the degree of deformation. The capability of both methods is discussed in detail and it is shown that they are independent from the topography which is critically surveyed.
Monodisperse Starburst Oligofluorene‐Functionalized 4,4′,4″‐Tris(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐triphenylamines: Their Synthesis and Deep‐Blue Fluorescent Properties for Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Applications
Authors: Liu Q.‐D. , Lu J. , Ding J. , Day M. , Tao Y. , Barrios P. , Stupak J. , Chan K. , Li J. , Chi Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour monodisperse starburst oligomers bearing a 4,4′,4″‐tris(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐triphenylamine (TCTA) core and six oligofluorene arms are synthesized and characterized. The lengths of oligofluorene arms vary from one to four fluorene units, giving the starburst oligomers molecular weights ranging from 3072 to 10 068 Da (1 Da = 1.66 × 10–27 kg). All of the starburst oligomers have good film‐forming capabilities, and display bright, deep‐blue fluorescence (λmax = 395–416 nm) both in solution and in the solid state, with the quantum efficiencies of the films (ΦPL) varying between 27 and 88 %. Electrochemical studies demonstrate that these materials have large energy gaps, and are stable for both p‐doping and n‐doping processes. Electroluminescent devices are successfully fabricated using these materials as hole‐transporting emitters, and emit deep‐blue light. Devices with luminance values up to 1025 cd m–2 at 11 V and luminous efficiencies of 0.47 cd A–1 at 100 cd m–2 have been produced, which translates to an external quantum efficiency of 1.4 %. In addition, these large‐energy‐gap starburst oligomers are good host materials for red electrophosphorescence. The luminance of the red electrophosphorescent devices is as high as 4452 cd m–2, with a luminous efficiency of 4.31 cd A–1 at 15 mA cm–2: This value is much higher than those obtained from the commonly used hole‐transporting materials, such as poly(vinyl carbazole) (PVK) (1.10 cd A–1 at 16 mA cm–2).
A highly efficient synthesis of (Z)‐1‐aryl‐2‐silyl‐1‐ stannylethenes and their conversion to (E)‐2‐ arylethenyl‐, (Z)‐2‐(2‐pyridyl)ethenyl‐ and allenyl‐silanes
Authors: Endo Takanori , Sasaki Fumio , Hara Hisashi , Suzuki Jyunko , Tamura Shizuka , Nagata Yoshikazu , Iyoshi Tetsuro , Saigusa Atsuhiro , Nakano Taichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA Pd(dba)2–P(OEt)3 combination allowed the silastannation of arylacetylenes, 1‐hexyne or propargyl alcohols with tributyl(trimethylsilyl)stannane to take place at room temperature, producing (Z)‐2‐silyl‐1‐stannyl‐1‐substituted ethenes in high yields. Novel silyl(stannyl)ethenes were fully characterized by 1H‐, 13C‐, 29Si‐ and 119Sn‐NMR as well as infrared and mass analyses. Treatment of a series of (Z)‐1‐aryl‐2‐silyl‐1‐stannylethenes and (Z)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐2‐silyl‐1‐stannylethene with hydrochloric acid or hydroiodic acid in the presence of tetraethylammonium chloride (TEACl) or tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) led to the exclusive formation of (E)‐trimethyl(2‐arylethenyl)silanes with high stereoselectivity. A similar reaction of (Z)‐1‐(2‐anisyl)‐2‐silyl‐1‐stannylethene also produced E‐type trimethyl[2‐(2‐anisyl)ethenyl]silane, while (Z)‐trimethyl [2‐(2‐pyridyl)ethenyl]silane was produced exclusively from (Z)‐1‐(2‐pyridyl)‐2‐silyl‐1‐stannylethene. Protodestannylation of (Z)‐1‐[hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]‐2‐silyl‐1‐stannylethene with trifluoroacetic acid took place via the β‐elimination of hydroxystannane, providing trimethyl(3‐phenylpropa‐1,2‐dienyl)silane quite easily. The destannylation products were also fully characterized. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence for uncoupling of inflammation and joint remodeling in a mouse model of spondylarthritis
Authors: Lories Rik J. U. , Derese Inge , de Bari Cosimo , Luyten Frank P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo study the relationship between inflammation and remodeling by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in male DBA/1 mice with spontaneous arthritis, a model of spondylarthritis (SpA).MethodsTNFα was inhibited using etanercept, a soluble TNF receptor. The efficacy of the dose used (25 μg/mouse) was confirmed in methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA)–induced monarthritis, a model of inflammation‐driven joint destruction. Male DBA/1 mice with spontaneous arthritis were caged together from the age of 10 weeks onward and were treated twice weekly with etanercept. The incidence and clinical severity of disease were recorded. Mice were killed at age 25 weeks, and histomorphologic analysis was performed. The presence of TNFα, NF‐κB, and Smad signaling was studied using immunohistochemistry. Entheseal endochondral bone formation was modeled using micromass cultures of periosteal cells.ResultsEtanercept inhibited mouse TNFα in vitro and in vivo. Etanercept treatment of mBSA‐induced arthritis had a significant effect on the severity of disease. Etanercept did not affect the incidence or severity of spontaneous arthritis. Pathologic analysis revealed no differences between etanercept‐treated and phosphate buffered saline–treated mice. TNFα‐positive cells were observed in the synovium, in vessel‐associated cells, in fibrocartilage, and in new cartilage. Activation of Smad signaling was observed in earlier stages of disease than was active NF‐κB signaling. TNFα inhibited chondrogenesis in the micromass model.ConclusionInhibition of TNF did not affect the severity and incidence of joint ankylosis in a mouse model of SpA. Therefore, the process of entheseal ankylosis may be independent of TNF. New tissue formation in SpA could be considered an additional and specific therapeutic target.
Axillary staging during surgery for breast cancer
Authors: Axelsson C K , Mouridsen H T , Düring M , Møller S 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

Background
Axillary lymph node status remains the single most important prognostic parameter in patients with breast cancer. In approximately half of operations sentinel lymph node biopsy cannot be employed and axillary dissection is indicated. Retrieval of ten nodes has hitherto been considered sufficient, but it remains questionable whether the removal of more lymph nodes might improve staging.

Methods
Data from 31 679 breast cancer operations in Denmark were analysed.

Results
The number of axillary lymph nodes retrieved was an independent and strong predictor of node positivity. The more lymph nodes retrieved, the better the staging of the disease; this was evident for all sizes of tumour. Dissection of 20 or more nodes rather than ten to 14 increased the probability of node positivity from 14·2 to 25·9 per cent for 1–5-mm tumours, from 38·6 to 47·9 per cent for 11–20-mm tumours, and from 80·6 to 90·0 per cent for tumours with diameter greater than 50 mm.

Conclusion
The number of metastatic lymph nodes increased as more nodes were retrieved. These findings underline the need for high-quality specialist surgical and pathological services in breast cancer treatment.
Environmental strategies as automorphic patterns of behaviour
Authors: Schwartz Birgitta 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article is based on a study of three companies, i.e. Volvo, The Body Shop and Tarkett, focusing on their development of environmental strategies. Using a drama metaphor, the empirical case indicates in detail how Tarkett has been strategically able to handle increasing environmental demands. The study also demonstrates that Tarkett depends on itself in its relationship with other actors in its organizational field, and that this influences the interplay between the actors. The article concludes that the three studied companies have adopted different strategies for managing environmental demands, and that the strategy each has used involves a specific sense of ‘dependency’. The strategies are explained by institutional automorphism, which means that the companies imitate themselves, employing strategies similar to those they have previously used when tackling other changes in their organization fields. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Takotsubo Syndrome in African‐American women with atypical presentations: a single‐center experience
Authors: Patel Himanshu M. , Kantharia Bharat K. , Morris D. Lynn , Yazdanfar Shahriar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundTakotsubo syndrome is comprised of the clinical presentation of an acute myocardial infarction with electrocardiographic (ECG) changes of acute ischemia, chest pain, positive biomarkers, a pathognomonic left ventricular apical wall motion abnormality, and no culprit coronary disease at cardiac catheterization.HapothesisThis study aimed at a further definition of the clinical characteristics of this syndrome in African‐American (AA) patients based on our experience at a single center.MethodsPatients who presented with this syndrome between June 2003 and June 2005 were evaluated. All patients underwent coronary angiography and noninvasive cardiac investigation, including transthoracic two‐dimensional echocardiography.ResultsFive AA women (mean age 65 years) presented with the characteristics of the syndrome. No patient experienced chest pain, with three presenting with shortness of breath and two with nausea. Hypertension was the most common risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) in these patients. All but one patient had ST elevation on ECG, and troponin I elevation was present in all. Cardiac catheterization showed no obstructive CAD. The most common trigger was exarcebation of a current medical condition. All five patients developed deep, broad, diffuse T‐wave inversions with a prolonged QT interval. There was no mortality during the hospital stay.ConclusionsTakotsubo syndrome is experienced by AA patients. Female AA patients may experience atypical symptoms at presentation. The development of broad, diffuse, T‐wave inversions with a prolonged QT interval within 2–48 h of presentation should be considered an additional criterion when diagnosing Takotsubo syndrome. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improvement of overall survival of patients with cutaneous melanoma in Germany, 1976–2001
Authors: Lasithiotakis Konstantinos G. , Leiter Ulrike , Eigentler Thomas , Breuninger Helmut , Metzler Gisela , Meier Friedegund , Garbe Claus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.A hypothesis generated a retrospective analysis of the improvement of survival over time in patients with cutaneous melanoma (CM) in order to identify factors contributing to this progress.METHODS.A cohort of 4791 patients diagnosed with primary CM in southern Germany between 1976 and 2001 was analyzed. Kaplan‐Meier analyses were performed to estimate and to compare overall survival (OS) and survival after first recurrence (SAR). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the effect of multiple variables on OS and SAR.RESULTS.Diagnosis of primary CM during 1990–2001 compared with 1976–1989 was associated with more favorable 10‐year OS (88.6% vs 80.0%, P < .0001). The median tumor thickness at primary diagnosis was significantly lower during the second period (0.75 mm vs 1.07 mm, P < .0001). In the multivariate analysis, adjusted for tumor thickness, ulceration, age, gender, and anatomical site, the period of diagnosis retained its significance as a predictor of OS (P = .002). The SAR was more favorable during the second period in patients who developed their first metastasis in the regional lymph nodes (45.2% vs 32.9%, P = .017) or in distant sites (13.4% vs 2.0%, P = .0002) and this finding persisted in the multivariate analysis.CONCLUSIONS.Improvement of survival of CM patients diagnosed 1990–2001 as compared with 1976–1989 may not be entirely attributable to factors associated with early diagnosis and more favorable primary tumors. Therefore, factors of melanoma management, which changed between the 2 time periods, such as sentinel node biopsy, adjuvant treatment, structured follow‐up, and surgical interventions in distant metastasis, may have to be taken into account. Cancer 2007 © 2007 American Cancer Society.
An energy‐based damage model for seismic response of steel structures
Authors: Benavent‐Climent A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a new model for quantifying the damage in structural steel components subjected to randomly applied flexural/shear stress reversals, such those induced by earthquakes. In contrast to existing approaches that consider the damage as a combination of the global amount of dissipated energy and maximum displacement, the proposed model represents the damage by two parameters: (a) the total dissipated energy and (b) the portion of the energy consumed in the skeleton part of the load–displacement curve. These parameters are employed to define a single ‘damage index’, which measures the level between 0 (no damage) and 1 (failure). The proposed model takes into account that the ultimate energy dissipation capacity of the steel component is path‐dependent and can change throughout the entire response duration. The new model is derived from low‐cycle fatigue static tests of round steel rods and steel plates subjected to bending and shear. The accuracy of the model is verified experimentally through dynamic real‐time shaking table tests. From these tests, it is observed that the proposed model measures the level of damage at any stage of the loading process reasonably well and predicts the failure of the structural component accurately. The model can be easily implemented in a computer program to assess the level of seismic damage and the closeness to failure in new structures or to evaluate the safety of existing ones. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrological effects of climate change, groundwater withdrawal, and land use in a small Korean watershed
Authors: Lee Kil Seong , Chung Eun‐Sung 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of variability in climate and watershed (groundwater withdrawal and land use) on dry‐weather streamflows were investigated using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). The equation to predict the total runoff (TR) using climate data was derived from simulation results for 30 years by multiple regression analysis. These may be used to estimate effects of various climate variations (precipitation during the dry period, precipitation during the previous wet period, solar radiation, and maximum temperature). For example, if daily average maximum temperature increases by 3 °C, TR during the dry period will decrease by 27·9%. Similarly, groundwater withdrawals strongly affect streamflow during the dry period. However, land use changes (increasing urbanization) within the forested watershed do not appear to significantly affect TR during the dry period. Finally, a combined equation was derived that describes the relationships between the TR during the dry period and the climate, groundwater withdrawal and urban area proportion in a small monsoon watershed. This equation will be effective to predict the water availability during the dry periods in the future since it is closely related to changes of temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, urban area ratio, and groundwater withdrawal quantity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.