bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Options for biochemical production of 4‐hydroxybutyrate and its lactone as a substitute for petrochemical production
Authors: Efe C. , Straathof Adrie J.J. , van der Wielen Luuk A.M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOptions are discussed for biochemical production of 4‐hydroxybutyrate (4‐HB) and its lactone, gamma‐butyrolactone (GBL), from renewable sources. In the first part of the study, the thermodynamic feasibility of four potential metabolic pathways from glucose to 4‐HB are analyzed. The calculations reveal that when the pathways are NAD+ dependent the intermediate succinate semialdehyde (SSA) accumulates leading to low 4‐HB yields at equilibrium. For NADP+ dependent pathways the calculated yield of 4‐HB improves, up to almost 100%. In the second part of this study, continuous removal of 4‐HB from the solution is considered to shift SSA conversion into 4‐HB so that SSA accumulation is minimized. One option is the enzymatic production of GBL from 4‐HB. Candida antarctica Lipase B shows good lactonization rates at pH 4, but unfortunately this conversion cannot be performed in‐vivo during 4‐HB production because of the neutral intracellular pH. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 1392–1406. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
pH prediction and control in bioprocesses using mid‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Schenk Jonas , Marison Ian W. , von Stockar Urs 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn on‐line pH monitoring method based on mid‐infrared spectroscopy relevant to bioprocesses is presented. This approach is non‐invasive and does not require the addition of indicators or dyes, since it relies on the analysis of species of common buffers used in culture media, such as phosphate buffer. Starting with titrations of phosphoric and acetic acid solutions over almost the entire pH range (2–12), it was shown that the infrared spectra of all samples can be expressed as a linear combination of the molar absorbance of the acids and their deprotonated forms. In other words, pH had no direct influence on the molar infrared spectra themselves, but only on deprotonation equilibria. Accurate prediction (standard error of prediction for pH < 0.15 pH units) was achieved by taking into account the non‐ideal behavior of the solutions, using the Debye–Hückel theory to estimate the activity coefficients. Batch cultures of E. coli were chosen as a case study to show how this approach can be applied to bioprocess monitoring. The discrepancy between the spectroscopic prediction and the conventional electrochemical probe never exceeded 0.12 pH units, and the technique was fast enough to implement a feedback controller to maintain the pH constant during cultivation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 82–93. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ionic liquids for aqueous two‐phase extraction and stabilization of enzymes
Authors: Dreyer Susanne , Kragl Udo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe ionic liquid (IL) Ammoeng110™ contains cations with oligoethyleneglycol units and was found to be highly effective for the formation of aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) that can be used for the biocompatible purification of active enzymes. Above critical concentrations of the IL and an inorganic salt in aqueous solution, phase separation takes place resulting in the formation of an IL‐enriched upper and a salt‐enriched lower phase. For the optimization of the composition of IL‐based ATPS with regard to the extraction of catalytically active enzymes, the Box–Wilson method of experimental design was successfully applied; IL‐based ATPS proved to be suitable for the purification and stabilization of two different alcohol dehydrogenases (fromLactobacillus brevisand a thermophilic bacterium). Both enzymes were enriched in the IL‐containing upper phase resulting in an increase of specific activity by a factor of 2 and 4 respectively. Furthermore, the presence of IL within the system provided the opportunity to combine the extraction process with the performance of enzyme‐catalyzed reactions. The IL was found to exhibit a stability improving effect on both enzymes and a solubility enhancing effect on hydrophobic substrates. Thus the conversion and volumetric productivity of ADH catalyzed reduction of acetophenone could be increased significantly. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 1416–1424. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In situ monitoring of 3D in vitro cell aggregation using an optical imaging system
Authors: Sawyer N.B.E. , Worrall L.K. , Crowe J.A. , Waters S.L. , Shakesheff K.M. , Rose F.R.A.J. , Morgan S.P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBioreactor systems that maintain cells and tissues in suspension are increasingly popular for culturing 3D constructs to avoid the loss of in vivo cell function associated with traditional 2D culture methods. There is a need for the online monitoring of such systems to provide better understanding and control of the processes involved and to prevent the disruption of these processes caused by offline sampling and endpoint analysis. We describe a system for the imaging and analysis of cell aggregation, over long periods, within a high aspect rotating vessel (HARV). The system exploits side illumination, using an adjustable beam pattern, to restrict the detected light to that scattered by the cell aggregates, thus eliminating the need for the fluorescent labeling of the cells. The in situ aggregation of mammalian cells (MCF‐7 breast carcinoma cells) was monitored over an 8 h period and image sequences showing the growth and motion of the aggregates within the bioreactor were obtained. Detailed size and population data have been derived characterizing the development of the aggregates during this time. We show how the number of resolvable aggregates increases to reach a peak and then declines as these aggregates merge. Once formed, remaining aggregates are found to consolidate to form more tightly packed bodies, typically reducing in cross‐sectional area by one third. These results provide the basis for the development of an automated feedback system to control the growth of 3D cell cultures for repeatable, reliable, and quality controlled experimentation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 159–167. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Remote Hydrogen Microwave Plasma CVD of Silicon Carbonitride Films From a Tetramethyldisilazane Source. Part 2: Compositional and Structural Dependencies of Film Properties
Authors: Wrobel A. M. , Blaszczyk‐Lezak I. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe silicon carbonitride (Si:C:N) films produced by hydrogen remote microwave plasma (RP)CVD from a 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisilazane precursor at various substrate temperatures (35–400 °C) are examined in terms of their physical (density), optical (refractive index), and mechanical (hardness, elastic modulus, friction coefficient) properties. The films' resistance to wear is predicted from the slope of the hardness/elastic modulus plot. Reasonable correlations between the properties of Si:C:N films and their compositional parameters (expressed by the atomic ratios C/Si, N/Si, and N/C) as well as structural parameters (represented by the relative integrated intensities of the absorption infrared (IR) bands from the Si–C and Si–N bonds) are found to exist. The effect of Si:C:N film coating on the surface mechanical properties of carbon steel and stainless steel is investigated.
An MOCVD Route to Barium Borate Thin Films from a Barium Hydro‐tri(1‐pyrazolyl)borate Single‐Source Precursor
Authors: Malandrino G. , Lo Nigro R. , Fragalà I. L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBaB2O4 thin films are deposited by metal‐organic (MO)CVD using the barium(II) hydro‐tri(1‐pyrazolyl)borate, Ba[BH(pz)3]2, complex, that is tested for the first time as a single‐source precursor for the deposition of barium borate films. The related thermal analysis data reveal good volatility and high thermal stability with a low residue upon sublimation, despite the relatively high melting point (298.2 °C). Different BaB2O4 phases can be obtained depending on deposition temperatures. Films, deposited on Al2O3 (0001) substrates, are structurally and morphologically characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
The impact of becoming a mother on eating problems
Authors: von Soest Tilmann , Wichstrøm Lars 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjective:This study examines the relationship between becoming a mother and changes in eating problems.Method:A sample of 1,206 initially childless Norwegian women was followed over a six‐year period and growth curve analyses were conducted.Results:Participants who became mothers over the course of the study showed a greater reduction in eating problems compared to still childless women. This relationship could be explained by a corresponding decrease in alcohol usage and impulsiveness in mothers compared to childless women. At the same time, appearance satisfaction increased comparatively less in mothers, resulting in turn in a reduction of the effect of motherhood on changes in eating problems.Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that motherhood has on the whole a positive effect on eating problems. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Eating disorder symptoms in pregnancy: A prospective study
Authors: Crow Scott J. , Agras W. Stewart , Crosby Ross , Halmi Katherine , Mitchell James E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjective:Previous work suggests that eating disorder symptoms diminish with pregnancy. However, little prospective study has been conducted, and little is known about pregnancy symptoms in eating disorder not otherwise specified.This research prospectively studies both eating behaviors and disordered eating cognitions in pregnant women with various eating disorder diagnoses.Method:Forty‐two participants became pregnant during 4‐year follow‐up of 385 women with full or subthreshold anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder. Participants completed the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE) at 6‐month intervals. Mixed modeling procedures were used to examine change in eating disorder cognitions, binge eating, and purging.Results:EDE restraint, EDE shape concerns, EDE weight concerns, binge eating, and purging diminished from prepartum to intrapartum, but returned to approximately baseline levels postpartum.Conclusion:In this longitudinal sample of women with diverse eating disorder diagnoses, eating disorder symptoms improved during pregnancy, but worsened postpartum. These results highlight pregnancy as a potential time for eating disorder interventions. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Polymerization of MoV: Synthesis and Characterization of a Dinuclear MoV and a Hexanuclear Mixed‐Valence MoV/MoVI Complex
Authors: Meienberger Marc D. , Morgenstern Bernd , Stucky Stefan , Hegetschweiler Kaspar 
Published: November 2007

Abstract1,3,5‐Trideoxy‐1,3,5‐tris(dimethylamino)‐cis‐inositol (tdci = L) reacts with MoCl5 in a mixture of MeOH/water at 80 °C to yield the pale purple syn‐[Mo2O4H(L)2]Cl3·14.5H2O (1Cl3·14.5H2O). Crystal data: space group P21/n, a = 8.797(2) Å, b = 25.439(5) Å, c = 23.077(5) Å, β = 90.44(3)°, V = 5164(2) Å3, Z = 4 for C24H84Cl3Mo2N6O24.5. In solutions of the dinuclear 13+, which were exposed to air for several weeks, slow formation of deep red crystals containing a novel, hexanuclear, mixed‐valence complex of composition [Mo4O8(L)2(MoO4)2]·≈27H2O (2·≈27H2O) was observed. The tetranuclear core of complex 2 was unambiguously identified by MS‐FAB spectrometry, and the entire structure was characterized by a crystal‐structure analysis: space group P21/c, a = 12.224(2) Å, b = 15.986(3) Å, c = 14.220(3) Å, β = 98.95(3)°, and V = 2744.9(9) Å3, Z = 2 for C24H109Mo6N6O49.5. The structure of the hexanuclear mixed‐valence complex 2 contains the well‐known [Mo4O8]4+ core in which two of the four MoV centers bond to MoVIO4 units by corner sharing. The remaining two MoV centers are each chelated by a tdci ligand. Cyclic voltammetry confirmed an irreversible reduction and oxidation of 13+ at a potential of about –1.15 V and +0.54 V vs. NHE, respectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Voltammetric Determination of Chloride Ion in Automotive Fuel Ethanol
Authors: Ferreira Heitor Breno Pereira , de Lima Tatiana Aparecida Fernandes , Barbeira Paulo Jorge Sanches 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCathodic stripping voltammetry with a hanging mercury drop electrode was used in this study to determine chloride ions in automotive fuel ethanol. Choosing the correct stripping voltammetric technique, the correct choice of deposition potential and time provided well defined voltammetric waves with good repeatability and relatively small errors, with a determination limit of 0.13 mg L−1, for only 10 s of deposition time, with better sensitivity and repeatability than the normalized method, as well as consumed less volume of the sample, being suitable for routine analysis.
Amperometric Glucose Biosensors Based on Glassy Carbon and SWCNT‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Carpani Irene , Scavetta Erika , Tonelli Domenica 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDifferent carbonaceous materials, such as single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and glassy carbon submitted to an electrochemical activation at +1.80 V (vs. SCE) for 900 s, have been used with the aim of comparing their performances in the development of enzyme electrodes. Commercial SWCNTs have been pretreated with 2.2 M HNO3 for 20 h prior to use. The utility of activated GC as promising material for amperometric oxidase‐based biosensors has been confirmed. With glucose oxidase (GOx) as a model enzyme, glucose was efficiently detected up to 1 mM without the use of a mediator. Both electrodes operated in stirred solutions of 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 5.5), containing dissolved oxygen, at a potential of −0.40 V vs. SCE. Although the performances of the two carbonaceous materials were comparable, the biosensors based on activated GC were characterized by a practically unchanged response 40 days after the fabrication, a better signal to noise ratio, and a little worse sensitivity. In addition, the preparation procedure of such biosensors was more simple, rapid and reproducible.
Electroanalytical Determination of N‐Nitrosamines in Aqueous Solution Using a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: de Oliveira Robson Tadeu Soares , Salazar‐Banda Giancarlo Richard , Machado Sergio Antonio Spinola , Avaca Luis Alberto 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe electrochemical methods cyclic and square‐wave voltammetry were applied to develop an electroanalytical procedure for the determination of N‐nitrosamines (N‐nitrosopyrrolidine, N‐nitrosopiperidine and N‐nitrosodiethylamine) in aqueous solutions. Cyclic voltammetry was used to evaluate the electrochemical behaviors of N‐nitrosamines on boron‐doped diamond electrodes. It was observed an irreversible electrooxidation peak located in approximately 1.8 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for both N‐nitrosamines. The optimal electrochemical response was obtained using the following square‐wave voltammetry parameters: f=250 Hz, Esw=50 mV and Es=2 mV using a Britton–Robinson buffer solution as electrolyte (pH 2). The detection and quantification limits determined for total N‐nitrosamines were 6.0×10−8 and 2.0×10−7 mol L−1, respectively.
Determination of Sulfite in Wine by Linear Sweep Voltammetry
Authors: Scampicchio Matteo , Lawrence Nathan S. , Arecchi Alessandra , Mannino Saverio 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA new sensitive electrochemical assay of free sulfite in wine samples at a bare glassy carbon electrode is reported. The method is based on the titration of sulfite with Ellman's reagent using voltammetric detection of the final point. The electrochemical sensing protocol should facilitate rapid field screening of sulfite preservatives.
Survivable wavelength‐routed optical network design using genetic algorithms
Authors: Kavian Y. S. , Ren W. , Naderi M. , Leeson M. S. , Hines E. L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe provision of acceptable service in the presence of failures and attacks is a major issue in the design of next generation dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) networks. Survivability is provided by the establishment of spare lightpaths for each connection request to protect the working lightpaths. This paper presents a genetic algorithm (GA) solver for the routing and wavelength assignment problem with working and spare lightpaths to design survivable optical networks in the presence of a single link failure. Lightpaths are encoded into chromosomes made up of a fixed number of genes equal to the number of entries in the traffic demand matrix. Each gene represents one valid path and is thus coded as a variable length binary string. After crossover and mutation, each member of the population represents a set of valid but possibly incompatible paths and those that do not satisfy the problem constraints are discarded. The best paths are then found by use of a fitness function and these are assigned the minimum number of wavelengths according to the problem constraints. The proposed approach has been evaluated on dedicated path protection and shared path protection. Simulation results show that the GA method is efficient and able to design DWDM survivable real‐world optical mesh networks. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factor structure of the 10‐item CES‐D scale among community dwelling older adults in Singapore
Authors: Lee Alex E. Y. , Chokkanathan Srinivasan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the factor structure, reliability and validity of a brief CESD scale among Community dwelling older adults in Singapore.MethodData were derived from interviews conducted among 1,013 randomly selected non‐institutionalized older adults aged 65 years and above in Singapore. First, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to test three factors in the entire sample: a one‐factor model, a two‐factor model (Depressed affect, Positive affect) and a three‐factor model (Depressed affect, Somatic retardation, and Positive affect). Next, Multi‐Group Analysis was conducted to test the scale invariance for male and female older adults.ResultsFindings supported a two‐factor model––depressed affect and positive affect for the entire sample. In addition, multi‐group analysis showed the two‐factor structure to be invariant for male and female older adults.ConclusionBrief CESD demonstrates adequate reliability and validity. The CESD scores can be used to compare symptoms of depression between male and female older adults. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the tyrosine hydroxylase val81met polymorphism and catechol‐O‐methyltransferase val158met polymorphism on the antidepressant effect of milnacipran
Authors: Yoshida Keizo , Higuchi Hisashi , Takahashi Hitoshi , Kamata Mitsuhiro , Sato Kazuhiro , Inoue Kazuyuki , Suzuki Toshio , Itoh Kunihiko , Ozaki Norio 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectiveGenetic polymorphisms of the noradrenergic pathway can be factors to predict the effect of antidepressants when their pharmacological mechanisms of action include the noradrenergic system. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) val81met and catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) val158met polymorphisms are associated with the antidepressant effect of milnacipran, a serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor.MethodEighty‐one Japanese patients with major depressive disorder were treated with milnacipran for 6 weeks. Severity of depression was assessed with the Montgomery and Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Assessments were carried out at baseline and at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. The method of polymerase chain reaction was used to determine allelic variants.ResultsThe met/met genotype of the COMT val158met polymorphism was associated with a significantly faster therapeutic effect of milnacipran in the MADRS score during this study. No influence of the TH val81met polymorphism on the antidepressant effect of milnacipran was detected.ConclusionThese results suggest that the COMT val158met polymorphism in part determines the antidepressant effect of milnacipran. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic predictors of long‐term toxicities after radiation therapy for breast cancer
Authors: Kuptsova Nataliya , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Kropp Silke , Helmbold Irmgard , Schmezer Peter , von Fournier Dietrich , Haase Wulf , Sautter‐Bihl Marie Luise , Wenz Frederik , Onel Kenan , Ambrosone Christine B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTelangiectasia and subcutaneous fibrosis are the most common late dermatologic side effects observed in response to radiation treatment. Radiotherapy acts on cancer cells largely due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS also induce normal tissue toxicities. Therefore, we investigated if genetic variation in oxidative stress‐related enzymes confers increased susceptibility to late skin complications. Women who received radiotherapy following lumpectomy for breast cancer were followed prospectively for late tissue side effects after initial treatment. Final analysis included 390 patients. Polymorphisms in genes involved in oxidative stress‐related mechanisms (GSTA1, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, MPO, MnSOD, eNOS, CAT) were determined from blood samples by MALDI‐TOF. The associations between telangiectasia and genotypes were evaluated by multivariate unconditional logistic regression models. Patients with variant GSTA1 genotypes were at significantly increased risk of telangiectasia (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.11–3.11). Reduced odds ratios of telangiectasia were noted for women with lower‐activity eNOS genotype (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36–0.93). Genotype effects were modified by follow‐up time, with the highest risk observed after 4 years of radiotherapy for gene polymorphisms in ROS‐neutralizing enzymes. Decreased risk with eNOS polymorphisms was significant only among women with less than 4 years of follow‐up. All other risk estimates were nonsignificant. Late effects of radiation therapy on skin appear to be modified by variants in genes related to protection from oxidative stress. The application of genomics to outcomes following radiation therapy holds the promise of radiation dose adjustment to improve both cosmetic outcomes and quality of life for breast cancer patients. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human PARM‐1 is a novel mucin‐like, androgen‐regulated gene exhibiting proliferative effects in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Fladeby Cathrine , Gupta Shailly N. , Barois Nicolas , Lorenzo Petri I. , Simpson Jeremy C. , Saatcioglu Fahri , Bakke Oddmund 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this paper we characterize hPARM‐1, the human ortholog of rat PARM‐1 (prostatic androgen‐repressed message‐1) and demonstrate its role in prostate cancer. Immunofluorescence microscopy and ultrastructural analysis revealed the localization of hPARM‐1 to Golgi, plasma membrane and the early endocytic pathway but not in lysosomes. Biochemical and deglycosylation studies showed hPARM‐1 as a highly glycosylated, mucin‐like type I transmembrane protein. Analysis of expression of hPARM‐1 in various human tissues revealed its presence in most human tissues with especially high expression in heart, kidney and placenta. Androgen controls the expression of the gene as a marked 7‐fold increase is seen in the androgen‐dependent prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP on androgen stimulation. This is further supported by its decrease in expression in CWR22 xenograft upon castration. Moreover, ectopic expression of hPARM‐1 in PC3 prostate cancer cells increased colony formation, suggesting a probable role in cell proliferation. These results suggest that hPARM‐1 may have a role in normal biology of the prostate cell and in prostate cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.