bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of oromaxillary fistulae in nine standing horses (2002–2006)
Authors: HAWKES C. S. , EASLEY J. , BARAKZAI S. Z. , DIXON P. M. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryReasons for performing study: There is minimal published information on equine oromaxillary fistulae that are unrelated to cheek teeth (CT) repulsion or on the conservative treatment of these atypical fistulae.Objectives: To report equine oromaxillary fistulae unrelated to CT extraction and describe their management in standing horses.Methods: Case details of oromaxillary fistulae of atypical aetiology occurring at 2 referral centres between 2002–2006, including their treatment and response to treatment were examined.Results: Nine cases of oromaxillary fistula were recorded, mainly in aged horses (median 22 years). Fistulae were associated with CT diastemata in 7 cases, fractured CT in one and a central defect in a worn CT in another. After removing food and exudate from the sinuses, 6 cases were treated successfully by filling the diastema or dental defect with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Following dental extraction, the other 3 cases were treated successfully by use of PMMA alveolar packing.Conclusion: Older horses can spontaneously develop oromaxillary fistulae, usually secondary to CT diastemata. In the absence of apical infection, this disorder can usually be treated successfully in standing horses by treating the sinusitis and sealing the oral aspect of the diastema with PMMA.Potential relevance: Older horses with sinusitis should be assessed for the presence of CT diastemata and oromaxillary fistulae. If detected, these disorders can be treated successfully in the standing horse.
Radiological interpretation of the navicular bone
Authors: Dyson S. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryAcquisition of a sufficient number of high quality radiographic views is an essential prerequisite to accurate radiological interpretation of the navicular bone. This requires appropriate preparation of the foot, careful attention to limb position and to both centring and direction of the x‐ray beam, according to hoof capsule conformation. Artefacts are easily created. Potentially significant radiological abnormalities include: entheseiophytes at the proximomedial and proximolateral aspect of the bone; proximal or distal extension of the flexor border of the bone, distal border fragments, 8 or more large and variably shaped distal border radiolucent zones; discrete radiolucent areas in the spongiosa with or without detectable communication with the flexor cortex; new bone at the sagittal ridge; increased thickness of the flexor cortex; sclerosis of the spongiosa; and a bipartite bone.
Intermittent peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of acute renal failure in two horses
Authors: Han J. H. , McKenzie H. C. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryAcute renal failure (ARF) in the horse is most commonly due to decreased renal perfusion or a nephrotoxic insult. Conventional therapy includes the administration of i.v. fluids, frusemide, mannitol and/or dopamine, as well as general supportive care. However, not all horses with ARF will respond to these treatments. In these cases, peritoneal dialysis is a viable therapeutic option.This case report describes 2 horses with ARF that was refractory to conventional therapy. Intermittent peritoneal dialysis was used effectively in both cases for treatment of the ARF. Dialysis was easy to perform and associated only with minor complications. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing the successful use of intermittent peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of ARF in the horse.
Hand‐assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy in a standing horse for the management of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Hilton H. G. , Aleman M. , Maher O. , Peterson T. S. , Whitcomb M. B. , Galuppo L. D. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryAn 18‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding was examined for haematuria of 6 weeks' duration. Rectal examination identified an enlarged left kidney and ultrasonographic examination of the kidney identified grossly abnormal renal architecture. Hand‐assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed following laparoscopic exploration of the abdomen for metastatic disease. A laparoscopic stapling device was successfully used to transect and ligate the renal vasculature and ureter. Histopathological examination of the kidney identified renal cell carcinoma. A 7 month survival was documented following surgery. Unilateral nephrectomy should be considered a therapeutic or palliative procedure for horses with renal cell carcinoma.
Atypical myopathy: New insights into the pathophysiology, prevention and management of the condition
Authors: van Galen G. , Serteyn D. , Amory H. , Votion D. M. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryAtypical myopathy (AM) is a frequently fatal seasonal pasture myopathy that has emerged in several European Countries in recent years. Currently, the aetiology of AM is unknown but recent surveys of confirmed cases have led to new insights into the pathophysiology, prevention and management of the condition.
Detailed echocardiographic findings in a newborn foal with tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Schmitz R. R. , Klaus C. , Grabner A. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThis case report is the first detailed description of the echocardiographic findings in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) in a newborn foal. In addition to the characteristic elements of TOF, asynchronous wall movement patterns were also evident. Measurements in 2D and M‐mode echocardiography revealed marked changes in cardiac dimensions. Haemodynamic studies in both right and left ventricular outflow tracts, as well as haemodynamic studies of the shunt flow situation, were performed. Shunting flows through the ventricular septal defect in both directions, and also from the right ventricle into the aorta, were present. A mild to moderate stenosis of the pulmonary valve, as the determining factor in longterm prognosis, could be found by echocardiography.
Ocular angiosarcoma in a pony ‐ MRI and histopathological appearance
Authors: Bischofberger A. S. , Konar M. , Posthaus H. , Pekarkova M. , Grzybowski M. , Brehm W. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryOcular angiosarcomas are an infrequent aetiology of exophthalmus in the horse. In the case presented here, a pony was referred with a history of supraorbital swelling, exophthalmus and conjunctivitis of the right eye. Radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations were used for diagnosis; however, the exact definition of the retrobulbar changes could only be made by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI shows anatomic and physiological detail in both the osseous and soft tissue structures. Only 3 sequences were used in this case: a transverse T2‐weighted and a dorsal high resolution, T1‐weighted gradient echo with multiplanar reconstruction capability pre‐ and post contrast application. This case report suggests that MRI should be used more frequently in the diagnosis of head tumours in horses.
Laparoscopic‐assisted splenectomy in a horse with splenomegaly
Authors: Ortved K. F. , Witte S. , Fleming K. , Nash J. , Woolums A. R. , Peroni J. F. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThis reports describes the surgical management of a horse evaluated for recurrent colic. These frequent colic episodes were attributed by exclusion to an abnormally enlarged spleen (idiopathic splenomegaly). Splenectomy was elected and performed with a laparoscopic assisted technique. The advantages observed by using this surgical approach were a clear view of the visceral aspect of the spleen and consequently an accurate dissection of the hilus of the spleen and associated vasculature. Ultimately the laparoscopic technique allowed the surgeons to reduce the size of the laparotomy incision required to remove the spleen and the overall invasiveness of the procedure. The horse recovered well from the procedure and ultimately returned to the previous level of competitiveness.
Splenic rupture and splenectomy in a foal
Authors: Garcia‐Seeber F. , McAuliffe S. B. , McGovern F. , DeFeo J. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryA 45‐day‐old foal was presented for abdominal pain. Examination revealed the presence of haemoabdomen. An exploratory celiotomy was performed that revealed a large tear on the visceral surface of the spleen. A splenectomy was performed without rib resection. An abdominal wall hernia and leucocytosis had developed by 6 weeks post surgery. A second celiotomy to repair the hernia and explore the cause of the leucocytosis was performed 10 weeks after the first surgery. A portion of the caecum and colon had become adhered to the body wall at the site of the hernia; these areas were resected and the hernia repaired with a polypropylene mesh. The filly made a good recovery and is currently in training. Splenic rupture should be considered in any horse showing signs of abdominal pain with ultrasonographic findings consistent with haemoabdomen.
Injection of the insertion of the deep digital flexor tendon in horses using radiographic guidance
Authors: Anderson J. D. C. , Puchalski S. M. , Larson R. F. , Delco M. L. , Snyder J. R. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryInsertional tendinopathies of the DDFT have been reported both as the sole lesion and as part of a multifocal lesion (Dyson et al. 2003). Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging allow specific diagnosis of deep digital flexor tendon lesions within the hoof capsule; however, direct intralesional treatment of such lesions is difficult because of the hoof's rigid structure. A technique designed to mimic intralesional injection of insertional tendinopathies of the DDFT in the standing horse using radiographic guidance was assessed. Radiographic and contrast CT imaging and sectioning of the limbs confirmed accurate injection in all cases although inadvertant administration of injectate into adjacent structures was also evident.
Mesothelioma of thetunica vaginalistestes in a stallion
Authors: Johnson A. K. , Love C. C. , Casillo A. L. , Pool R. R. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryScrotal enlargement is a problem in stallions that often leads to poor semen quality. Although there are many causes for scrotal enlargement, testicular neoplasia is often high on the differential list, especially in an aged stallion.This case report describes a stallion with scrotal enlargement caused by a rare neoplasia located in thetunica vaginalis, and not in the testicular parenchyma. Diagnosis of mesothelioma was made following hemicastration. Prognosis in other species is variable, but this stallion returned to his successful breeding career following treatment and has remained healthy one year following the diagnosis.
Multinodular pulmonary fibrosis, pancytopenia and equine herpesvirus‐5 infection in a Thoroughbred gelding
Authors: Hart K. A. , Barton M. H. , Williams K. J. , Flaminio M. J. B. F. , Howerth E. W. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryA 21‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding was examined for intermittent fever, lethargy, inappetance and weight loss. Initial diagnostic evaluation revealed pancytopenia (anaemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia), hyperfibrinogenaemia and multifocal pulmonary nodules. Bacterial and fungal culture and viral isolation on transtracheal aspirate samples were negative, consistent with either pulmonary neoplasia, idiopathic granulomatous pneumonia or equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF). Bone marrow evaluation was consistent with pancytopenia due to a combination of peripheral consumption/destruction and suppression/destruction of progenitor cells at the level of the marrow. Pancytopenia resolved and clinical signs improved transiently with immunosuppressive corticosteroid therapy, but the horse deteriorated rapidly one month after presentation and was subjected to euthanasia. Necropsy findings were consistent with EMPF, and equine herpesvirus‐5 (EHV‐5) DNA was found in both the lung and bone marrow. The specific role of EHV‐5 in the development of the pulmonary pathology in EMPF and the pancytopenia in this horse is unclear, but an aberrant host immune/inflammatory response to EHV‐5 infection may be important.
Current methods for the diagnosis and management of twin pregnancy in the mare
Authors: Hodder A. D. J. , Liu I. K. M. , Ball B. A. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryHistorically, twin pregnancy has been one of the leading causes of pregnancy loss in the mare. Numerous studies have identified factors that increase the incidence of twinning. The identification and management of twins during the mobility phase remains the most effective method to control the potentially detrimental effects of twin pregnancy. Options exist for post fixation management of twins, although these methods are generally less successful than management during the mobility phase.
A novel report of cig‐FISH and cytogenetics in POEMS syndrome
Authors: Bryce Alan H. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Gertz Morie A. , Lacy Martha , Knudson Ryan A. , Kumar Shaji , Kyle Robert A. , Fonseca Rafael , Greipp Phillip R. , Lust John A. , Rajkumar Vincent S. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Buadi Francis , Russell Stephen J. , Zeldenrust Stephen R. , Dispenzieri Angela 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPOEMS syndrome is a plasma cell proliferative disorder whose pathogenesis is poorly understood. We provide the first report of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin/FISH testing (cIg‐FISH) in POEMS syndrome using established myeloma markers. We reviewed all 37 POEMS cases seen at our institution in which cIg‐FISH testing had been obtained. Monosomy 13 was seen in 14 of the 37 (38%) cIg‐FISH samples. One patient had trisomy 3 and 7. Three patients had IgH translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32). No abnormalities were seen at 17p13(p53). The monosomy 13 is in line with other plasma cell disorders while the low prevalence of hyperdiploidy and abnormalities at 14q32 is unique. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factor XI gene mutations in factor XI deficient patients of the Czech Republic
Authors: Castaman Giancarlo , Giacomelli Sofia H. , Habart David , Asselta Rosanna , Duga Stefano , Rodeghiero Francesco 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFactor XI (FXI) deficiency is an autosomal inherited coagulation disorder characterized by bleeding symptoms mainly associated with injury or surgery. Although most of the FXI gene mutations in Ashkenazi Jews are represented by the Glu117stop or Phe283Leu mutations, considerable genetic heterogeneity has been reported in other populations. We report here the genotypic characterization of four families with severe inherited FXI deficiency from the Czech Republic. Seven different gene mutations (three novel) were identified, thus, excluding the existence of a major founder effect in this population. Interestingly, both Glu117stop and Phe283Leu were detected once, further demonstrating the occurrence of these mutations also outside the Jewish populations. In conclusion, we confirm that FXI deficiency in non‐Jewish populations is because of different gene mutations; however, the presence of the Glu117stop and Phe283Leu mutations suggests that genetic testing in FXI‐deficient patients can start with these two point mutations. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mixed‐longitudinal growth of Karimojong girls and boys in Moroto District, Uganda
Authors: Gray Sandra , Akol Helen A. , Sundal Mary 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this article we examine results of a mixed‐longitudinal study of child and adolescent growth among agropastoral Karimojong children in Moroto District, northeast Uganda. During a 5‐month period from August to December, 2004, longitudinal data were collected for a mixed sample of 104 Karimojong children, aged from birth to 18 years. During a previous study in 1998–1999,we had measured 26 of these children who then ranged in Age between 3 months and 7 years. Most of the children were small and thin relative to accepted growth standards, and prevalence of stunting and wasting in childhood was high. In the period from the end of childhood through adolescence, however, Karimojong girls showed marked variability in annual growth, with some attaining a large adult size relative to what we predicted based on their poor childhood growth. Developmental, evolutionary, and environmental determinants are considered. We conclude that growth of these children reflects exposure to environmental insults that vary unpredictably within relatively short intervals. Variability in the magnitude and timing of these insults among children from different birth‐cohorts is probably sufficient to account for so‐called “shifting” of growth percentiles in childhood and adolescence in this mixed sample. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perlman syndrome: Report, prenatal findings and review
Authors: Alessandri Jean‐Luc , Cuillier Fabrice , Ramful Duksha , Ernould Sandrine , Robin Stéphanie , de Napoli‐Cocci Stefan , Rivière Jean‐Pierre , Rossignol Sylvie 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPerlman syndrome is a rare overgrowth syndrome characterized by polyhydramnios with neonatal macrosomia, nephromegaly, distinctive facial appearance, renal dysplasia, nephro‐blastomatosis, and predisposition to Wilms tumor (WT). We report on a newborn with prenatal sonographic signs of Perlman syndrome, large fetal ascites, nephromegaly and macrosomia. The clinical course was marked by neonatal distress, renal failure and refractory hypoxemia leading to death at 2 days of life. Renal histologic examination showed bilateral nephroblastomatosis. Genetic or epigenetic alterations of the 11p15 region (involved in the BWS), including mutation of the CDKN1C gene were excluded. No mutation of the GPC3 gene was identified. We review the 28 patients who have been reported with Perlman syndrome. The prognosis of Perlman syndrome is poor with a high neonatal mortality rate. Among the infants who survived beyond the neonatal period, 64% developed a WT and all had a developmental delay. Fetal macrosomia, ascites and polyhydramnios are frequent manifestations. Clinical overlaps with other overgrowth syndromes particularly Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome and Simpson‐Golabi‐Behmel syndrome have been emphasized. Perlman syndrome is considered as an autosomal recessive condition. We review 19 patients from seven sibships with parental consanguinity in two families only. The other cases were sporadic. The 28 reported patients had only 10 unaffected sibs. The low percentage of consanguinity among parents is also puzzling for a rare recessive condition. The molecular basis of Perlman syndrome is unknown. (Epi)genetic anomalies of 11p15 and mutations in GPC3 were not studied in most of the previous reports. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variability of AChE, BChE, and ChAT genes in the late‐onset form of Alzheimer's disease and relationships with response to treatment with Donepezil and Rivastigmine
Authors: Scacchi Renato , Gambina Giuseppe , Moretto Giuseppe , Corbo Rosa Maria 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSeveral factors are believed to give rise to the late onset sporadic form of Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). We have studied the variation at the genes of three enzymes of the cholinergic system: acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and choline acetyltransferase. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) examined were: AChE rs2571598, BChE rs1355534, BChE rs1803274, and ChAT rs2177369. The sample for the case–control study was 471 LOAD patients aged 60 years or older, and 254 subjects with no neurodegenerative disorders as the control group. A significant difference in the genotype distribution between patients and controls was observed only for ChAT rs2177369, showing that the G/G genotype was to be considered a risk factor with respect to the G/A + A/A genotypes (odds ratio = 1.56; 95% Confidence Interval = 1.10–2.22; P = 0.01). Though indicating a significant association with AD onset, our results are far from definitive since contrast with the ones reported by other authors in a previous case–control study, and call for further investigations. Among patients, 171 took part in an observational study concerning the possible role of the genetic composition on the efficacy of treatment with Donepezil and Rivastigmine. We related the SNPs of the above cited genes with cognitive status measured by MMSE. Carrying an allele or a genotype of these SNPs does not seem to play a relevant role in the response to treatment with the two cholinesterase inhibitors, though some significant results were found associated with the AChE A/A genotype that had the best response when treated with Rivastigmine. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association studies of 22 candidate SNPs with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Figgins Jessica A. , Minster Ryan L. , Demirci F. Yesim , DeKosky Steven T. , Kamboh M. Ilyas 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and multifactorial disease with the possible involvement of several genes. With the exception of the APOE gene as a susceptibility marker, no other genes have been shown consistently to be associated with late‐onset AD (LOAD). A recent genome‐wide association study of 17,343 gene‐based putative functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found 19 significant variants, including 3 linked to APOE, showing association with LOAD (Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:865–873). We have set out to replicate the 16 new significant associations in a large case‐control cohort of American Whites. Additionally, we examined six variants present in positional and/or biological candidate genes for AD. We genotyped the 22 SNPs in up to 1,009 Caucasian Americans with LOAD and up to 1,010 age‐matched healthy Caucasian Americans, using 5′ nuclease assays. We did not observe a statistically significant association between the SNPs and the risk of AD, either individually or stratified by APOE. Our data suggest that the association of the studied variants with LOAD risk, if it exists, is not statistically significant in our sample. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystalline order and mechanical properties of as‐electrospun and post‐treated bundles of uniaxially aligned polyacrylonitrile nanofiber
Authors: Esrafilzadeh Dorna , Jalili Rouhollah , Morshed Mohammad 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis study investigates the crystalline order and mechanical properties of as‐electrospun and posttreated polyacrylonitrile nanofibers. To keep the nanofibers under tension during the posttreatment, a modified method of preparing bundles such as multifilament yarn was used in which the alignment of the nanofibers and linear density of the bundles were controlled successfully. An increase in the nanofibers' diameter from 240 to 500 nm led to the E modulus, ultimate strength, and elongation at break of the bundles rising from 836 MPa, 45 MPa, and 38% to 1915 MPa, 98 MPa, and 120%, respectively. The crystallinity index (%) and coherence length of the nanofiber bundles were evaluated through wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The mechanical properties and crystalline order of the nanofiber bundles were both increased as a result of the posttreatment. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction patterns of annealed bundles showed equatorial diffraction from the (1010) reflection at ∼ 5.1 Å and from the (1120) reflection at ∼ 3 Å. The values of the coherence length, crystallinity index (%), ultimate strength, and E modulus of the bundles prepared from 240‐nm nanofibers increased from negligible, 2%, 1109 MPa, and 48 MPa to 54 Å, 35%, 2235 MPa, and 95 MPa after annealing at 85°C in a mixture of water (95 wt %) and N,N‐dimethylformamide (5 wt %), respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008