bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclooxygenase‐2 gene polymorphisms reduce the risk of oral premalignant lesions
Authors: Pu Xia , Lippman Scott M. , Yang Hushan , Lee J. Jack , Wu Xifeng 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) have the potential to transform into malignant oral cancers. Overexpression of the cyclooxygenase‐2 gene (COX‐2) is observed frequently in OPLs and oral cancers, suggesting that this gene may play an important role in the progression of oral cancer. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of COX‐2 have been associated with the risk of multiple cancers; however, to date, their effects on OPL susceptibility have not been evaluated sufficiently.METHODS:The authors conducted a case‐control study that included 147 patients with OPL and a group of 147 healthy, matched controls. The effects of 3 potentially functional COX‐2 polymorphisms on the risk of OPL were evaluated: the −765 G→C polymorphism (rs20417), the exon 10 +837 T→C polymorphism (rs5275), and the exon 10 −90 C→T polymorphism (rs689470).RESULTS:The variant‐containing genotypes of COX‐2 exon 10 +837T→C variant were associated with a significantly reduced risk of OPL (odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.28‐0.80). This protective effect also was significant in men, younger individuals, ever smokers, and ever drinkers. Consistently, a common halotype WMW (in the following order: −765G→C, exon 10 +837T→C, and exon 10 −90C→T; w, widetype; M, variable allele) and a common diplotype (WWW/WMW) that contained the variant allele of exon 10 +837T→C, both were associated with a reduced risk of OPL (WMW: OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.33‐0.93; WWW/WMW: OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.22‐0.89). In addition, using never smokers with the variant‐containing genotypes as the reference group, interaction effects were observed between specific COX‐2 variants and tobacco smoking in the modulation of OPL risk.CONCLUSIONS:Overall, the current results provided the first epidemiologic evidence indicating that potentially functional polymorphisms of the COX‐2 gene may have an impact on individual susceptibility to OPLs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic significance of occult axillary lymph node metastases after chemotherapy‐induced pathologic complete response of cytologically proven axillary lymph node metastases from breast cancer
Authors: Loya Asif , Guray Merih , Hennessy Bryan T. , Middleton Lavinia P. , Buchholz Thomas A. , Valero Vicente , Sahin Aysegul A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Primary systemic chemotherapy has been a standard of care for the management of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients and has increasingly been used for patients with large operable breast cancer. Pathologic complete response (pCR) of axillary lymph node metastases predicted an excellent probability of long‐term disease‐free and overall survival. Although the clinical significance of occult lymph node metastases in patients with breast cancer was extensively studied, their prognostic value in patients with LABC after primary chemotherapy was not known. This study evaluated the detection rate and clinical significance of occult lymph node metastases in lymph nodes that contained metastatic carcinoma at the time of initial diagnosis and converted to negative based on routine pathologic examination after primary systemic chemotherapy.METHODS:Fifty‐one patients with LABC and cytologically involved axillary lymph nodes that converted to negative after preoperative chemotherapy were identified from 2 prospective clinical trials. All lymph node sections were reviewed, 1 deeper level hematoxylin and eosin‐stained section of each lymph node was obtained and immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin (CK) was performed. A total of 762 lymph nodes were evaluated for occult metastases. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were used for calculating disease‐free and overall survival times.RESULTS:Occult axillary lymph node metastases were identified in 8 of 51 (16%) patients. In 6 patients, occult metastases were found in only 1 lymph node. In 7 patients, only isolated CK‐positive cells were identified. In all cases, occult carcinoma cells were embedded within areas of fibrosis, foreign body giant cell reaction, and extensive histiocytosis. Patients with occult lymph node metastases tended to have a higher frequency of residual primary breast tumors than those without occult metastases (4 of 8 vs 7 of 43, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in disease‐free or overall survival times between patients with and without occult metastases after a median follow‐up 63 months.CONCLUSIONS:Persistent occult axillary lymph node metastases were not uncommon in patients with axillary lymph node‐positive LABC who experienced a pCR in involved lymph nodes after preoperative chemotherapy. However, such occult metastases did not adversely affect the good prognosis associated with axillary lymph node pCR. Therefore, routine lymph node CK evaluation was not recommended after primary chemotherapy. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Impact of axillary lymph node dissection on breast cancer outcome in clinically node negative patients
Authors: Sanghani Mona , Balk Ethan M. , Cady Blake 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The regional lymph node control and survival impact of axillary dissection in breast cancer has been the subject of multiple randomized trials, with various results. This study reviews and conducts a meta‐analysis of contemporary trials of axillary dissection in patients with early stage breast cancer.METHODS:A systematic MEDLINE review identified 3 randomized trials published between January 2000 and January 2007 of axillary dissection versus no dissection in clinically lymph node negative early stage breast cancer patients. A fourth trial of axillary radiotherapy versus no axillary treatment was also identified and included in this review. Meta‐analyses were performed for survival, axillary recurrence, metastatic disease, and ipsilateral breast recurrence.RESULTS:All trials reported a higher rate of axillary recurrence (1.5%‐3%, median follow‐up 5‐15 years) in the absence of axillary dissection or radiotherapy. Overall survival was similar with and without definitive axillary treatment in 3 of the 4 trials, with an increased rate of nonbreast cancer‐related death in the observation arm of the fourth trial. Meta‐analyses found no significant difference in overall survival (odds ratio [OR] 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74‐3.24), metastases (OR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.65‐1.29), or ipsilateral breast recurrence (OR 1.11; 95% CI, 0.68‐1.83) associated with axillary treatment. A significantly lower rate of axillary recurrence was seen after lymphadenectomy (OR 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11‐0.73, P<.01).CONCLUSIONS:Axillary dissection does not confer a survival benefit in the setting of early stage clinically lymph node negative breast cancer. Although the rate of axillary failure was increased in the absence of dissection, the absolute risk was found to be extremely low. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Predicting neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid) neoplasia using gene expression profiling and supervised machine learning
Authors: Drozdov Ignat , Kidd Mark , Nadler Boaz , Camp Robert L. , Mane Shrikant M. , Hauso Oyvind , Gustafsson Bjorn I. , Modlin Irvin M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:A more accurate taxonomy of small intestinal (SI) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is necessary to accurately predict tumor behavior and prognosis and to define therapeutic strategy. In this study, the authors identified a panel of such markers that have been implicated in tumorigenicity, metastasis, and hormone production and hypothesized that transcript levels of the genes melanoma antigen family D2 (MAGE‐D2), metastasis‐associated 1 (MTA1), nucleosome assembly protein 1‐like (NAP1L1), Ki‐67 (a marker of proliferation), survivin, frizzled homolog 7 (FZD7), the Kiss1 metastasis suppressor (Kiss1), neuropilin 2 (NRP2), and chromogranin A (CgA) could be used to define primary SI NETs and to predict the development of metastases.METHODS:Seventy‐three clinically and World Health Organization pathologically classified NET samples (primary tumor, n = 44 samples; liver metastases, n = 29 samples) and 30 normal human enterochromaffin (EC) cell preparations were analyzed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Transcript levels were normalized to 3 NET housekeeping genes (asparagine‐linked glycosylation 9 or ALG9, transcription factor CP2 or TFCP2, and zinc finger protein 410 or ZNF410) using geNorm analysis. A predictive gene‐based model was constructed using supervised learning algorithms from the transcript expression levels.RESULTS:Primary SI NETs could be differentiated from normal human EC cell preparations with 100% specificity and 92% sensitivity. Well differentiated NETs (WDNETs), well differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, and poorly differentiated NETs (PDNETs) were classified with a specificity of 78%, 78%, and 71%, respectively; whereas poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas were misclassified as either WDNETs or PDNETs. Metastases were predicted in all cases with 100% sensitivity and specificity.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that gene expression profiling and supervised machine learning can be used to classify SI NET subtypes and accurately predict metastasis. The authors believe that the application of this technique will facilitate accurate molecular pathologic delineation of NET disease, better define its extent, facilitate the assessment of prognosis, and provide a guide for the identification of appropriate strategies for individualized patient treatment. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Association of p73 G4C14‐to‐A4T14 polymorphism with human papillomavirus type 16 status in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in non‐Hispanic whites
Authors: Ji Xuemei , Sturgis Erich M. , Zhao Chong , Etzel Carol J. , Wei Qingyi , Li Guojun 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The tumor protein p73 interacts with the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV‐16) oncoproteins E6 and E7, and p73 variation may modify the interaction between p73 protein and HPV‐16 oncogenic proteins and contribute to cellular malignant transformation.METHODS:In this case‐case comparison study, the authors analyzed HPV‐16 status in tumor specimens and genotyped the p73 G4C14‐to‐A4T14 polymorphism using genomic DNA from blood of 202 non‐Hispanic white patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated in univariate and multivariable logistic regression models to examine the association between the p73 polymorphism and HPV‐16 status in SCCHN.RESULTS:Compared with the p73 GC/GC genotype, the AT/AT and combined GC/AT + AT/AT variant genotypes were associated significantly with HPV‐16‐positive tumor status among patients with SCCHN (adjusted OR, 5.32; 95% CI, 1.32‐21.4; adjusted OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.03‐3.53, respectively). There was a significant dose‐effect relation between the AT allele and HPV‐16‐positive tumor status in patients with SCCHN (trend test: P = .014). Moreover, the stratified analyses indicated that the association between HPV‐16‐positive tumor status and the combined p73 GC/AT + AT/AT genotypes was more pronounced among several subgroups of patients who were older, men, ever drinkers, and those with oropharyngeal cancer.CONCLUSIONS:The p73 polymorphism was associated with HPV‐16 status in SCCHN and may serve as a marker of positive HPV‐16 tumor status in patients with SCCHN, particularly those with oropharyngeal cancer. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Estimation of CIE tristimulus values under various illuminants
Authors: Shams‐Nateri Ali 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this work, a procedure is described to estimate the CIE tristimulus values of Munsell color chips under new illuminants from CIE tristimulus values under specific illuminant. The estimation was performed by multiple linear regression (MLR) and principal component analysis (PCA) techniques. In addition, the effects of illuminants combination and Munsell hue, value and chroma on reconstruction of CIE tristimulus values were evaluated in both methods. The results obtained indicate that the performance of principal component method is better than multiple regression method. The accuracy of estimation depends on the initial and target illuminants and hue, chroma and value of samples. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 100–107, 2009
Spectral measurements of large particles by flow cytometry
Authors: Watson Dakota A. , Gaskill Daniel F. , Brown Leif O. , Doorn Stephen K. , Nolan John P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFlow cytometers designed to analyze large particles are enabling new applications in biology and chemistry. Similarly, flow spectroscopy approaches are extending the capabilities of the flow cytometry platform. Here, we report on the adaptation of a commercial large particle analyzer to measure fluorescence and Raman spectra of individual particles at high speeds. We modified a Union Biometrica COPAS Plus instrument to allow red excitation and optical fiber‐based light collection and spectral analysis using a spectrograph and CCD array detector. These modifications did not compromise the ability of the instrument to resolve different sized particles based on their extinction and time of flight signals. The modified instrument has the sensitivity and spectral resolution to measure the fluorescence and Raman signals from individual particles with signal integration times of 10 usec. The high speed spectral analysis of individual particles in flow will enable new applications in biological and chemical analyses. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Ecological momentary assessment to evaluate cognitive‐behavioral treatment for binge eating disorder
Authors: Munsch Simone , Meyer Andrea H. , Milenkovic Natasa , Schlup Barbara , Margraf Juergen , Wilhelm Frank H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective:Cognitive‐behavioral treatment (CBT) for binge eating disorder (BED) is traditionally evaluated using clinical interviews and questionnaires. These retrospective assessment methods are discussed to be problematic due to memory recall error. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) might be promising for gathering ecologically valid and reliable data.Method:We assessed the feasibility of and reactivity to EMA and compared the treatment efficacy measured by traditional vs. EMA‐based instruments in 28 BED individuals participating in short‐term CBT.Results:Patients were highly compliant and we found no reactivity to EMA. Estimated treatment effects for binge eating based on EMA were comparable to questionnaire‐based methods. The overall concordance between methods was moderate.Discussion:Results suggest that binge eating over 1 week can be equally accurately assessed by EMA or by self‐report questionnaires in BED treatment trials. EMA contributes to a detailed knowledge of binge eating in daily live and helps to advance treatment options. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Differences in Bcl‐2 expression by T‐cell subsets alter their balance after in vivo irradiation to favor CD4+Bcl‐2hi NKT cells
Authors: Yao Zhenyu , Liu Yinping , Jones Jennifer , Strober Samuel 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAlthough it is well known that in vivo radiation depletes immune cells via the Bcl‐2 apoptotic pathway, a more nuanced analysis of the changes in the balance of immune‐cell subsets is needed to understand the impact of radiation on immune function. We show the balance of T‐cell subsets changes after increasing single doses of total body irradiation (TBI) or after fractionated irradiation of the lymphoid tissues (TLI) of mice due to differences in radioresistance and Bcl‐2 expression of the NKT‐cell and non‐NKT subsets to favor CD4+Bcl‐2hi NKT cells. Reduction of the Bcl‐2lo mature T‐cell subsets was at least 100‐fold greater than that of the Bcl‐2hi subsets. CD4+ NKT cells upregulated Bcl‐2 after TBI and TLI and developed a Th2 bias after TLI, whereas non‐NKT cells failed to do so. Our previous studies showed TLI protects against graft versus host disease in wild‐type, but not in NKT‐cell‐deficient mice. The present study shows that NKT cells have a protective function even after TBI, and these cells are tenfold more abundant after an equal dose of TLI. In conclusion, differential expression of Bcl‐2 contributes to the changes in T‐cell subsets and immune function after irradiation.
Akt2 is required for macrophage chemotaxis
Authors: Zhang Baogang , Ma Yongjie , Guo Hua , Sun Baocun , Niu Ruifang , Ying Guoguang , Zhang Ning 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTumor‐associated macrophages play an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Trafficking of macrophages to the proximity of tumors is mediated by CSF‐1, a growth factor. In this study, we investigated the role of PKB/Akt in CSF‐1‐induced macrophage migration. Disruption of Akt2 expression by small interference RNA impaired chemotaxis of both THP‐1 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages. Phosphorylation of PKCζ, an essential component in chemotaxis signaling pathway, was reduced. LIMK/Cofilin, downstream of PKCζ, regulated cytoskeleton rearrangement during cell migration. Disruption of Akt2 expression inhibited CSF‐1‐induced LIMK/Cofilin phosphorylation, which contributed to defects in actin polymerization and chemotaxis. Furthermore, MCP‐1, a chemokine, ‐induced macrophage chemotaxis was also impaired. Taken together, our results demonstrated that Akt2 plays an essential role in both CSF‐1‐ and chemokine‐induced chemotaxis of macrophages.
Iron(III) Complexes of Metal‐Binding Copolymers as Proficient Catalysts for Acid Hydrolysis of Phosphodiesters and Oxidative DNA Cleavage – Insight into the Rational Design of Functional Metallopolymers
Authors: Lykourinou Vasiliki , Hanafy Ahmed I. , Bisht Kirpal S. , Angerhofer Alexander , Ming Li‐June 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFe3+ complexes of pyridine‐containing copolymers were found to be efficient and selective catalysts toward phosphodiester hydrolysis and show significant activity toward oxidative DNA cleavage. The catalysis toward bis(p‐nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP) hydrolysis exhibits enzyme‐like pre‐equilibrium kinetics with maximum activities in the range of ca. pH 6–8 and a first‐order catalytic proficiency (kcat/ko) of 4.2 × 107‐fold at the acidic pH value of 5.3 (i.e., pKa of the coordinated nucleophilic water) and 25 °C, entitling this Fe3+ copolymer an acid phosphodiester catalyst. This catalyst also shows significant selectivity toward BNPP hydrolysis relative to the hydrolyses of p‐nitrophenyl phenylphosphonate and p‐nitrophenylphosphate monoester, with a ratio of 4250:16:1 in terms of their first‐order catalytic proficiencies at pH 8.0 and 25 °C. Fe3+ complexes of a few pyridine‐containing copolymers show different hydrolytic activities, which points a direction for rational design of catalytic metallopolymers. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A New, Flexible N,N,N‐Tripodal Facially Capping Ligand System: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of β‐Triketimines and Their M(CO)3 Complexes (M = Cr, Mo, W)
Authors: Barnes Donna , Brown Gemma L. , Brownhill Martyn , German Ian , Herbert Christopher J. , Jolleys Andrew , Kennedy Alan R. , Liu Boyang , McBride Katy , Mair Francis S. , Pritchard Robin G. , Sanders Arron , Warren John E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractReaction of imidoyl chlorides Ar*N=CClR (Ar* = 2‐iPrC6H4, 2,6‐iPr2C6H3, 2‐MeOC6H4; R = Me, Ph, tBu) with [Li(nacnac)] [nacnac = (Ar*NCMe)2CH] gives β‐triketimines L, most of which exist in solution in equilibrium with their imine/enamine tautomers. The route is highly modular, allowing independent variation of at least five parameters. The solution equilibria are very sensitive to such substituent pattern variation. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses of examples of both tautomers and a geometric isomer in the solid state are presented, alongside solution NMR studies of the tautomerism. All examples revert exclusively to the β‐triimine form on complexation with M(CO)3 fragments (M = Cr, Mo, W). Facial isomers result. The ligands are weak σ‐donors, as adjudged by CO IR stretching frequencies in [LM(CO)3]. Crystal‐structure determination on the isostructural pair [HC(2‐iPrC6H4N=CMe)3M(CO)3] (M = Cr, Mo) revealed a hexagonal packing arrangement composed of aryl–aryl and carbonyl (CO)–H–C interactions which generates pseudocylindrical voids accounting for 6–9 % of the crystal volume. In only one case were these occupied by solvent molecules. This family of facially capping N,N,N‐ligands with finely tunable bulk have wide potential in coordination chemistry.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Transformation of Solid Potassium Ferrate(VI) (K2FeO4): Mechanism and Kinetic Effect of Air Humidity
Authors: Machala Libor , Zboril Radek , Sharma Virender K. , Filip Jan , Jancik Dalibor , Homonnay Zoltan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe kinetics of solid‐state transformation (aging) of potassium ferrate(VI) (K2FeO4) under various air‐humidity conditions (55–95 % relative humidity) at room temperature were studied by in‐situ Mössbauer spectroscopy. The kinetic data showed a significant increase in the decomposition rate with increasing air humidity. The decomposition kinetics is very unusual with two almost linear decay steps. The first slow decay was observable at rather lower humidity levels (55–70 %) probably due to the formation of the narrow compact layer of nanoparticulate Fe(OH)3 reaction product. This layer limits the access of both H2O and CO2 participating in the reaction as the gaseous reactants. The second decay with much faster rate showed a nearly positive linear relationship with the humidity. The identification and characterization of the final products of aging were conducted by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), variable‐temperature and in‐field Mössbauer spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The reaction mechanism, assuming formation of KHCO3 and Fe(OH)3 in the molar ratio of 2:1 per 1 mol of solid K2FeO4 was suggested. The SEM images revealed the formation of large KHCO3 crystallites whose surface was covered by ultrasmall X‐ray amorphous iron(III) hydroxide nanoparticles in a high degree of agglomeration. The obtained results of aging under humid conditions are important for the possible storage of K2FeO4 and thus for its environmental and industrial applications. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)