bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on Winter Precipitation and Drought during Years of Neutral ENSO in the Western United States
Authors: Goodrich Gregory B. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The influence of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) on important hydroclimatic variables during years of neutral ENSO for 84 climate divisions in the western United States is analyzed from 1925 to 1998. When the 34 neutral ENSO years are split by cold (12 yr) and warm (22 yr) PDOs, the resulting winter precipitation patterns are spatially similar to those that occur during years of La Niña–cold PDO and, to a lesser extent, years of El Niño–warm PDO, respectively, although the characteristic ENSO dipole is not evident. The PDO influence is similar when the winter Palmer drought severity index is analyzed, although the core area of influence moves from the Southwest to the northern Rockies. Correlations between Niño-3.4 SSTs and the hydroclimatic variables reverse sign when the neutral ENSO years are split by PDO phase. The greatest difference between correlations occurs in the characteristic dipole between the Pacific Northwest and the desert Southwest. Since seasonal forecast guidance based on ENSO conditions in the tropical Pacific often yields a forecast of “equal chances” during years of neutral ENSO, forecasters may be able to improve their forecasts for the southwestern United States depending on if the PDO is known to be in the cold (drier than normal) or warm (wetter than normal) phase. However, this can be difficult to implement considering the current uncertainty of the phase of the PDO.
Drug treatment is superior to allografting as first-line therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hehlmann Rüdiger , Berger Ute , Pfirrmann Markus , Heimpel Hermann , Hochhaus Andreas , Hasford Joerg , Kolb Hans-Jochem , Lahaye Tanja , Maywald Ole , Reiter Andreas , Hossfeld Dieter K. , Huber Christoph , Löffler Helmut , Pralle Hans , Queisser Wolfgang , Tobler Andreas , Nerl Christoph , Solenthaler Max , Goebeler Mariele E. , Griesshammer Martin , Fischer Thomas , Kremers Stephan , Eimermacher Hartmut , Pfreundschuh Michael , Hirschmann Wolf-Dietrich , Lechner Klaus , Wassmann Barbara , Falge Christiane , Kirchner Hartmut H. , Gratwohl Alois 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Early allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been proposed as primary treatment modality for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This concept has been challenged by transplantation mortality and improved drug therapy. In a randomized study, primary HSCT and best available drug treatment (IFN based) were compared in newly diagnosed chronic phase CML patients. Assignment to treatment strategy was by genetic randomization according to availability of a matched related donor. Evaluation followed the intention-to-treat principle. Six hundred and twenty one patients with chronic phase CML were stratified for eligibility for HSCT. Three hundred and fifty four patients (62% male; median age, 40 years; range, 11-59 years) were eligible and randomized. One hundred and thirty five patients (38%) had a matched related donor, of whom 123 (91%) received a transplant within a median of 10 months (range, 2-106 months) from diagnosis. Two hundred and nineteen patients (62%) had no related donor and received best available drug treatment. With an observation time up to 11.2 years (median, 8.9 years), survival was superior for patients with drug treatment (P = .049), superiority being most pronounced in low-risk patients (P = .032). The general recommendation of HSCT as first-line treatment option in chronic phase CML can no longer be maintained. It should be replaced by a trial with modern drug treatment first.
Reference values of Forced Expiratory Volumes and pulmonary flows in 3–6 year children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Piccioni Pavilio , Borraccino Alberto , Forneris Maria Pia , Migliore Enrica , Carena Carlo , Bignamini Elisabetta , Fassio Stefania , Cordola Giorgio , Arossa Walter , Bugiani Massimiliano 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

Background
The aims of this study were to verify the feasibility of respiratory function tests and to assess their validity in the diagnosis of respiratory disorders in young children.

Methods
We performed spirometry and collected information on health and parents' lifestyle on a sample of 960 children aged 3–6.

Results
The cooperation rate was 95.3%. Among the valid tests, 3 or more acceptable curves were present in 93% of cases. The variability was 5% within subjects in 90.8% of cases in all the parameters. We propose regression equations for FVC (Forced Vital Capacity), FEV1, FEV0.5, FEV0.75 (Forced Expiratory Volume in one second, in half a second and in 3/4 of a second), and for Maximum Expiratory Flows at different lung volume levels (MEF75, 50, 25). All parameters are consistent with the main reference values reported in literature. The discriminating ability of respiratory parameters versus symptoms always shows a high specificity (>95%) and a low sensitivity (<20%) with the highest OR (10.55; IC95% 4.42–25.19) for MEF75. The ability of FEV0.75 to predict FEV1 was higher than that of FEV0.50: FEV0.75 predicts FEV1 with a determination coefficient of 0.95.

Conclusion
Our study confirms the feasibility of spirometry in young children; however some of the current standards are not well suited to this age group. Moreover, in this restricted age group the various reference values have similar behaviour.
Maintenance therapy with once-monthly administration of long-acting injectable risperidone in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: a pilot study of an extended dosing interval
Authors: Gharabawi Georges M , Gearhart Natalie C , Lasser Robert A , Mahmoud Ramy A , Zhu Young , Mannaert Erik , Naessens Ineke , Bossie Cynthia A , Kujawa Mary , Simpson George M 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

Background
Several clinical studies have established the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of long-acting risperidone administered once every 2 weeks in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. This report evaluates preliminary efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic data for a novel (once-monthly) administration of long-acting injectable risperidone 50 mg in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Methods
Clinically stable patients participated in a 1-year, open-label, single-arm, multicenter pilot study. During the 4-week lead-in phase, patients received long-acting risperidone 50 mg injections every 2 weeks, with 2 weeks of oral risperidone supplementation. Injections of long-acting risperidone 50 mg every 4 weeks followed for up to 48 weeks, without oral supplementation. The primary endpoint was relapse; other assessments included PANSS, CGI-S, adverse event reports, and determination of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone plasma concentrations.

Results
Twelve patients in the intent-to-treat population (n = 67) met relapse criteria (17.9%). Relapse risk at 1 year was estimated as 22.4%. Non-statistically significant improvements in symptoms (PANSS) and clinical status (CGI-S) at endpoint were observed. The most common adverse events included schizophrenia aggravated not otherwise specified (19.5%), anxiety (16.1%), insomnia (16.1%), and headache (11.5%). There were no unexpected safety and tolerability findings. Mean plasma concentrations for risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone were generally stable during the study.

Conclusion
Once-monthly dosing of long-acting risperidone was well tolerated, associated with a relatively low relapse rate (similar to that reported with other antipsychotics), and maintained the clinically stable baseline status of most patients. Although the results suggest that some symptomatically stable patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder might be safely managed with long-acting risperidone 50 mg once monthly, these findings alone do not identify which patients will have a sufficient therapeutic benefit nor do they quantify comparative effects of standard and altered dosing. Study limitations (the open-label pilot study design, small sample size, and lack of a concurrent biweekly treatment arm) prevent broad interpretations and extrapolations of results. Controlled studies would be required to support a recommendation for alternative dosing regimens.
Salvage radiotherapy for biochemical relapse after complete PSA response following radical prostatectomy: outcome and prognostic factors for patients who have never received hormonal therapy
Authors: Jacinto Alexandre A , Fede Angelo BS , Fagundes Lívia A , Salvajoli João V , Castilho Marcus S , Viani Gustavo A , Fogaroli Ricardo C , Novaes Paulo ERS , Pellizzon Antonio Cássio A , Maia Maria AC , Ferrigno Robson 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the results of salvage conformal radiation therapy (3DC-EBRT) for patients submitted to radical prostatectomy (RP) who have achieved complete PSA response and who have never been treated with hormonal therapy (HT).
To present the results of biochemical control, a period free from hormonal therapy and factors related to its prognosis.

Materials and methods
from August 2002 to December 2004, 43 prostate cancer patients submitted to RP presented biochemical failure after achieving a PSA < 0.2 ng/ml. They have never received HT and were submitted to salvage 3DC-EBRT. Median age was 62 years, median preoperative PSA was 8.8 ng/ml, median Gleason Score was 7. Any PSA rise above 0.2 was defined as biochemical failure after surgery. Median 3DC-EBRT dose was 70 Gy, biochemical failure after EBRT was defined as 3 consecutive rises in PSA or a single rise enough to trigger HT.

Results
3-year biochemical non-evidence of disease (BNED) was 71%. PSA doubling time lower than 4 months (p = 0.01) and time from recurrence to salvage EBRT (p = 0.04) were associated with worse chance of biochemical control. Biochemical control of 76% was achieved when RT had been introduced with a PSA lower than 1 ng/ml vs. 48% with a PSA higher than 1 (p = 0.19). Late toxicity was acceptable.

Conclusion
70% of biochemical control in 3 years can be achieved with salvage radiotherapy in selected patients. The importance of PSADT was confirmed in this study and radiotherapy should be started as early as possible. Longer follow up is necessary, but it is possible to conclude that a long interval free from hormonal therapy was achieved with low rate of toxicity avoiding or at least delaying several important adverse effects related to hormonal treatment.
Evaluation of the Patient Acceptable Symptom State in a pooled analysis of two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies evaluating lumiracoxib and celecoxib in patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Dougados Maxime , Moore Alan , Yu Shaohua , Gitton Xavier 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) is an absolute threshold proposed for symptomatic variables in osteoarthritis (OA) to determine the point beyond which patients consider themselves well and, as such, are satisfied with treatment. Two large previously reported studies of knee OA have shown that both lumiracoxib and celecoxib were superior to placebo in terms of conventional outcome measures. To assess the clinical relevance of these results from the patient's perspective, the same data pooled from these two studies were analysed with respect to the PASS. In total, 3,235 patients were included in two multicentre, randomised, double-blind studies of identical design. Patients were randomly assigned to receive lumiracoxib 100 mg once daily (n = 811), lumiracoxib 100 mg once daily with an initial dose of lumiracoxib 200 mg once daily for the first 2 weeks (100 mg once daily with initial dose [n = 805]), celecoxib 200 mg once daily (n = 813), or placebo (n = 806) for 13 weeks. Treatments were compared with respect to the PASS criteria (for OA pain, patient's global assessment of disease activity, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index Likert version 3.1 [WOMAC™ LK 3.1] Function [difficulty in performing daily activities] subscale score). At week 13, 43.3%, 45.3%, and 42.2% of patients in the lumiracoxib 100 mg once daily, lumiracoxib 100 mg once daily with initial dose, and the celecoxib 200 mg once daily groups, respectively, considered their current states as satisfactory versus 35.5% in the placebo group. Similar results were observed for patient's global assessment of disease activity and WOMAC™ LK 3.1 Function subscale score. This post hoc analysis suggests that the statistical significance of the results observed with lumiracoxib or celecoxib compared with placebo using conventional outcome variables is complemented by clinical relevance to the patient. Trial registration numbers: NCT00366938 and NCT00367315.
Mechanical ventilation and lung infection in the genesis of air-space enlargement
Authors: Sartorius Alfonso , Lu Qin , Vieira Silvia , Tonnellier Marc , Lenaour Gilles , Goldstein Ivan , Rouby Jean-Jacques 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Introduction
Air-space enlargement may result from mechanical ventilation and/or lung infection. The aim of this study was to assess how mechanical ventilation and lung infection influence the genesis of bronchiolar and alveolar distention.

Methods
Four groups of piglets were studied: non-ventilated-non-inoculated (controls, n = 5), non-ventilated-inoculated (n = 6), ventilated-non-inoculated (n = 6), and ventilated-inoculated (n = 8) piglets. The respiratory tract of intubated piglets was inoculated with a highly concentrated solution of Escherichia coli. Mechanical ventilation was maintained during 60 hours with a tidal volume of 15 ml/kg and zero positive end-expiratory pressure. After sacrifice by exsanguination, lungs were fixed for histological and lung morphometry analyses.

Results
Lung infection was present in all inoculated piglets and in five of the six ventilated-non-inoculated piglets. Mean alveolar and mean bronchiolar areas, measured using an analyzer computer system connected through a high-resolution color camera to an optical microscope, were significantly increased in non-ventilated-inoculated animals (+16% and +11%, respectively, compared to controls), in ventilated-non-inoculated animals (+49% and +49%, respectively, compared to controls), and in ventilated-inoculated animals (+95% and +118%, respectively, compared to controls). Mean alveolar and mean bronchiolar areas significantly correlated with the extension of lung infection (R = 0.50, p < 0.01 and R = 0.67, p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion
Lung infection induces bronchiolar and alveolar distention. Mechanical ventilation induces secondary lung infection and is associated with further air-space enlargement. The combination of primary lung infection and mechanical ventilation markedly increases air-space enlargement, the degree of which depends on the severity and extension of lung infection.
Clustering of phosphorylation site recognition motifs can be exploited to predict the targets of cyclin-dependent kinase
Authors: Moses Alan M , Hériché Jean-Karim , Durbin Richard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProtein kinases are critical to cellular signalling and post-translational gene regulation, but their biological substrates are difficult to identify. We show that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) consensus motifs are frequently clustered in CDK substrate proteins. Based on this, we introduce a new computational strategy to predict the targets of CDKs and use it to identify new biologically interesting candidates. Our data suggest that regulatory modules may exist in protein sequence as clusters of short sequence motifs.
Die angebliche Synagoge der makkabäischen Märtyrer in Antiochia am Orontes
Authors: Triebel Lothar 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The so-called “Synagogue of the Maccabean Martyrs” in Antioch-on-the-Orontes never existed. Only late and dubious sources claim that this alleged synagogue housed the relics of these martyrs and was later transformed into a church. Augustin's claim that the basilica has been built by Christians should be taken literally.
Arius Reconsidered (Part 1)
Authors: Löhr Winrich 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Few heretics in the long history of Christianity have achieved the notoriety of Arius, the presbyter who lived and worked in Alexandria at the beginning of the fourth century. The little we know about his life and theological ideas has been transmitted by his opponents. If we try to recapture the historical Arius, the Arius behind the heresiological images, we have to confront – implicitly and explicitly – the constructions and reconstructions of earlier generations of theologians, church historians, heresiologists and scholars. And the best one can aspire to is to propose another reconstruction of Arius, which is – or so one would like to claim – more attentive to Arius' own intentions and more plausible in the light of the best available evidence.
Cyrill von Alexandrien und die Unionsformel von 433 n.Chr.
Authors: Krannich Torsten 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The union of AD 433 marks a change in Cyrillian christology: Cyrill is adopting new theological terms, and others will be omitted by him from now on. Cyrill seems to have been fully aware of his terminological innovations, since he had repeatedly to answer questions of his contemporariers regarding those innovations. By several letters of mostly apologetical content Cyrill justifies his change of position and tries to explain it; he clearly demonstrates to his critics that his new terminology, especially about the unity of the two natures, is a continuation of his previous theology. Moreover, by his acceptance of the union he can bridge the deep gap separating the oriental from the Alexandrine churches since AD 431.
Fine‐Scale Population Structure of Rainbow Trout in the Spokane River Drainage in Relation to Hatchery Stocking and Barriers
Authors: Small Maureen P. , McLellan Jason G. , Loxterman Janet , Von Bargen Jennifer , Frye Alice , Bowman Cherril 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe used 13 microsatellite loci to examine population structure in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss collected from 20 tributaries and 3 main stems in the greater Spokane River drainage. Populations displayed some excess homozygosity and linkage disequilibrium, which was more pronounced in upper tributary collections and probably the result of small effective population sizes or structuring within tributaries. In general, population structure followed geographic structure; collections from creeks within sub‐drainages were the most closely related, and collections from different tributaries were genetically distinct. Comparisons with cutthroat trout O. clarkii indicated little to no introgression. Comparisons with steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout), coastal rainbow trout O. mykiss irideus, and inland rainbow trout from hatcheries suggested introgression by hatchery fish into some wild populations. Introgression was suspected in populations from stocked tributaries and tributaries that lacked barriers to escaped hatchery fish. Populations from tributaries above barriers that had not been stocked were genetically distinct from hatchery fish and appeared to be native inland redband trout O. mykiss gairdneri.
Clinical, hematologic and biosynthetic studies in sickle cell‐β°‐thalassemia: A comparison with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Steinberg Martin H. , Dreiling Bernard J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe diseases commonly confused with sickle cell anemia include sickle cellβ‐thalassemia in which synthesis of βA‐chains are completely suppressed (HbS‐βO‐thalassemia). We obtained hematologic measurements and studied globin biosynthesis in five patients with this disorder and compared the results with those obtained in five patients with “mild” sickle cell anemia and seven individuals with sickle cell‐β‐thalassemia having hemoglobin A levels of 20–30% (HbS‐β+‐thalassemia). A distinction between HbS‐βO‐thalassemia and sickle cell anemia was not always possible on clinical, hematologic, or electrophoretic grounds. Thalassemia heterozygotes had hypochromia and microcytosis, not generally a feature of sickle cell anemia, although overlap of values did exist. The ratio of β to non‐β, or β to βS‐chains in sickle cell anemia approximated unity, whereas patients with HbS‐βO‐thalassemia had a deficit of β‐chain production relative to that of the β‐chain. The differentiation of HbS‐βO‐thalassemia and sickle cell anemia can be best made on the basis of family or biosynthetic study. We estimated the regional prevalence of HbS‐βO‐thalassemia to be 1:23,000 of the black population.
In vivo dissociation of factor vii (ahf) activity and factor viii‐related antigen in von willebrand's disease
Authors: Lian Eric Chun‐Yet , Deykin Daniel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing monospecific rabbit antihuman factor VIII antiserum, we have examined the amounts of factor VIII‐related antigen and compared these to the levels of factor VIII procoagulant activity in normal subjects and patients with von Willebrand's disease. We have observed that even without transfusion all nine probands with von Willebrand's disease and 20 of their 34 relatives possessed a significantly elevated factor VIII activity/factor VIII‐related antigen ratio when compared to that of 55 normal subjects. It is suggested that an elevated factor VIII activity/factor VIII‐related antigen ratio may be used for detection of the carriers of von Willebrand's disease.
Platelet injury during phototherapy
Authors: Maurer Harold M. , Haggins Joyce C. , Still W. J. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPhototherapy with blue fluorescent light is widely employed for treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Functional, biochemical, and morphologic changes produced by blue fluorescent light in human platelets were identified and characterized. Platelet‐rich plasma was exposed for up to 170 min to amounts of light equivalent to that used in phototherapy of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Within 110 min of light exposure, platelets were essentially no longer aggregable by ADP and connective tissue suspension and were depleted of ADP, ATP, and glycogen. Electron photomicrographs revealed these platelets to be swollen, depleted of glycogen granules and organelles, and to have ill‐defined membranes. Platelet injury could be accelerated by adding a photosensitizing agent, hematoporphyrin, to platelet samples before exposure. In contrast, control platelets kept in the dark for 170 min or nonirradiated platelets resuspended in irradiated plasma maintained their integrity. The results indicate that platelets are damaged in vitro when exposed to amounts of blue light used in phototherapy.
Treatment of refractory thrombocytopenic purpura with cyclophosphamide
Authors: Verlin Michael , Laros Russell K. , Penner John A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCyclophosphamide, an immunosuppressive agent, was administered as an additional mode of therapy to 30 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) refractory to conventional management. Of 22 previously tested by splenectomy an excellent response was achieved in 12, who remained in complete hematologic remission for 14–96 months after therapy was discontinued; a fair response in 3, with definite increase in platelets, but not to normal levels; and a poor response in 7 who failed to improve. Of 8 nonsplenectomized patients who failed to respond to steroids or maintain a response after steroids were discontinued, 4 were considered excellent, 1 required continued therapy to remain in remission (good response), 2 were fair, and 1 was poor. Remission was observed in 2–10 weeks in both groups and appeared to be related to duration of disease; presence of disease for less than 1 year was associated with a much better response to treatment (11 of 15) when compared with disorders lasting over 2 years (6 of 15). Cyclophosphamide therapy offers additional means of treating patients with ITP who fail to respond to conventional therapy and may serve as an alternative to splenectomy when surgery is contraindicated.