bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Democracy of, in and through communication: struggles around public service in Canada in the first half of the twentieth century
Authors: Mazepa Patricia 
Published: March 2007

PurposeIn reviewing the application of public service principles in the press, telecommunication and radio historically, the paper aims to identify struggles to develop alternatives that address limitations in state and commercially provided public services across a wide range of communication and cultural practices.Design/methodology/approachTaking a political economy of communication approach, a different view of public service is adopted as one that understands service as facilitating the making of communication and culture. The paper uses published and archival sources to identify such examples in Canadian history.FindingsThe paper suggests that the concept of public service has been restricted to thinking in a sender‐receiver model based on consumption and applied accordingly to different media which has limited potentials for democratic communication.Originality/valueThe paper provides a historical and reflexive view on public service in Canada across media and suggests that public service principles need to be grounded in democracy of, in and through communication as a potential guide to current policy decision‐making.
Performance and usability testing of multidimensional taxonomy in web site search and navigation
Authors: Nasir Uddin Mohammad , Janecek Paul 
Published: March 2007

PurposeDevelopment of an effective search system and interface largely depends on usability studies. The aim of this paper is to present the results of an empirical evaluation of a prototype web site search and browsing tool based on multidimensional taxonomies derived from the use of faceted classification.Design/methodology/approachA prototype Faceted Classification System (FCS), which classifies and organizes web documents under different facets (orthogonal sets of categories), was implemented on the domain of an academic institute. Facet are created from content oriented metadata, and then assembled into multiple taxonomies that describe alternative classifications of the web site content, such as by subject and location. The search and browsing interfaces use these taxonomies to enable users to access information in multiple ways. The paper compares the FCS interfaces to the existing single‐classification system to evaluate the usability of the facets in typical navigation and searching tasks.FindingsThe findings suggest that performance and usability are significantly better with the FCS in the areas of efficient access, search success, flexibility, understanding of content, relevant search result, and satisfaction. These results are especially promising since unfamiliarity often leads users to reject new search interfaces.Originality/valueThe results of the study in this paper can significantly contribute to interface research in the IR community, emphasizing the advantages of multidimensional taxonomies in online information collections.
The end of mass marketing: or, why all successful marketing is now direct marketing
Authors: Thomas Andrew R. 
Published: March 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to make the case that the traditional mass marketing approach practiced for decades is no longer a viable one. By looking historically at how mass marketing corrupted much of American business and alienated prospects and customers, the argument is made that it is time for a change.Design/methodology/approachMass marketing has lead to downright hostility in the marketplace. With more than 3,000 messages thrown at them everyday, Americans spend far too much of their day waging war with the marketing department.FindingsThe outsourcing of high‐paying jobs from the US to low‐wage markets often has more to do with mass marketing in the domestic market than global forces. The abrogation of control of their sales and distribution functions by manufacturers in the name of bigger markets has lead to the creation of mega distributors like Wal‐Mart, Home Depot, and the US auto‐dealer network. This loss of control and the inability to influence what ultimately happens to their products – including the price they can command in the marketplace – has lead many manufacturers to chase the cheapest labor around the world as the only way to grow the bottom line.Practical implicationsFor companies of all sizes, there exists the opportunity to cut through the noise and build relationships with their targeted micro‐market. The solution is direct marketing.Originality/valueThe conventional wisdom that more customers and more sales driven by mass marketing leads to profitability is simply not the case. This paper discusses how a direct marketing strategy provides the most effective way for companies build relationships with their best and most profitable customers.
eHealth information quality and ethics issues: an exploratory study of consumer perceptions
Authors: Bodkin Charles , Miaoulis George 
Published: March 2007

PurposeMarketers and health care providers alike have been actively using the internet to provide information and market a wide variety of health care services and products. This study aims to address consumer's perceptions regarding the quality and ethics of eHealth care web sites.Design/methodology/approachUsing a national random sample of 1,227 respondents, this study identifies online health care information seekers and explores the type of information they seek, their perceptions of eHealth web site quality and ethics, and eHealth care purchases.FindingsThe results indicate that while WebMD currently dominates the eHealth care market, the future for niche eHealth care web sites appears promising as consumers' perceptions of eHealth care web site quality and ethical behaviors improve.Practical implicationsUsing quality dimensions identified by trade associations, it appears consumers believe useful and accurate healthcare information can be found online, which suggests the potential for developing a trusting relationship. In addition, it appears the development of ethical codes for eHealth web sites is having an affect on consumers' perceptions.Originality/valueHealthcare information is now available online 24 hours a day and, approximately, 63 percent of physicians use the internet in their practice. But, how do consumers seek health information online? And do consumers perceive these online web sites to be ethical? The current study is unique in its focus on examining eHealth code of ethics using guidelines from several prominent online eHealth ethics organizations.
Controller involvement in management: an empirical study in large Italian corporations
Authors: Zoni Laura , Merchant Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a study designed to understand how involved controllers are in management decision processes, what causes more or less involvement in those processes, and whether involvement is significantly associate with performance.Design/methodology/approachTo test the research propositions developed from a review of prior literature, data were collected from large Italian corporations using a questionnaire survey.FindingsThe results show that most of the controllers are at least somewhat involved in management decision processes, and some are highly involved. A complex set of factors determine the extent and breadth of controller involvement. Controller involvement in either strategic decisions, operating decisions, or both types of decisions is positively related to some situational variables, including capital intensity, operating interdependency, line managers' financial competence, formalization of strategic planning and budgeting processes. It is negatively related to the use of controller positions as training for line roles. Overall, controller involvement was found to be positively associated with performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides support for some prior research findings and some extension of prior theory. Some findings were not consistent with expectations. This study was based on a small sample – 17 organizations; it used some crude measures and scales; and the findings can be generalized reliably only to the population studied here – large Italian industrial firms. More research is needed for further tests and explorations of these findings.Practical implicationsThis research supports modern advice given to involve controllers highly in management decision‐making processes, but it also refines that advice by showing where high involvement is more (or less) desirable.Originality/valueThese results provide some useful support of prior findings and some modifications and extensions that further our understanding in this area of importance both to researchers and practitioners.
SHORT COMMUNICATION: Definition of the USDA103 strain of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)
Authors: Waldbieser G. C. , Wolters W. R. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryAlthough there are differences in performance between genetic groups of channel catfish, identification and management of these groups is difficult because catfish strains look alike and individuals cannot be tagged efficiently. Thus, US catfish producers have not been able to objectively identify fish from different strains or populations, and it has been difficult for them to maintain the genetic purity of populations on the farm. We have developed a multiplexed microsatellite genotyping system to define catfish populations based on allelic frequency and exclusion. A commercial catfish genotype database was developed using catfish samples collected from 24 processing plants in the four main US catfish‐producing states. The utility of the system was tested by the molecular characterization of the USDA103 research strain. Using eight microsatellite loci, the probability of falsely classifying an individual non‐USDA103 catfish as a USDA103 was 0.0065. From a sample of 50 fish from a putative USDA103 pond, the probability of falsely including two non‐USDA103 fish was 1 × 10−105, and the conservative probability of falsely excluding two USDA103 fish was 1 × 10−6. This genotyping system provides channel catfish producers with an objective mechanism for identification and management of genetically selected fish.
Modelling the local dynamics of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)
Authors: CASAGRANDI RENATO , MARI LORENZO , GATTO MARINO 
Published: March 2007

Summary1. The bivalveDreissena polymorphahas invaded many freshwater ecosystems worldwide in recent decades. Because of their high fecundity and ability to settle on almost any solid substratum, zebra mussels usually outcompete the resident species and cause severe damage to waterworks. Time series ofD. polymorphadensities display a variety of dynamical patterns, including very irregular behaviours. Unfortunately, there is a lack of mathematical modelling that could explain these patterns.2. Here, we propose a very simple discrete‐time population model with age structure and density dependence that can generate realistic dynamics. Most of the model parameters can be derived from existing data onD. polymorpha. Some of them are quite variable: with respect to these we perform a sensitivity analysis of the model behaviour and verify that non‐equilibrial regimes (either periodic or chaotic) are the rule rather than the exception.3. Even in circumstances where the model dynamics are aperiodic it is possible to predict total density peaks from previous peaks. This turns out to be true also in the presence of environmental stochasticity.4. Using the stochastic model we explore the effects of age‐selective predation. Quite surprisingly, larger removal rates of adults do not always result in smaller population densities and mussel biomasses. Moreover, non‐selective predation can result in skewed size‐frequency distributions which, therefore, are not necessarily the footprint of predators’ preference for larger or smaller zebra mussels.
Vertical mixing within the epilimnion modulates UVR‐induced photoinhibition in tropical freshwater phytoplankton from southern China
Authors: VILLAFAÑE VIRGINIA E. , GAO KUNSHAN , LI PING , LI GANG , WALTER HELBLING E. 
Published: March 2007

Summary1. The importance of vertical mixing in modulating the impact of UVR on phytoplankton photosynthesis was assessed in a tropical, shallow lake in southern China from late winter to mid‐spring of 2005.2. Daily cycles of fluorescence measurements (i.e. photosynthetic quantum yield, Y) were performed on both ‘static’ and in situ samples. Static samples were of surface water incubated at the surface of the lake under three radiation treatments – PAB (PAR + UVR, 280–700 nm), PA (PAR + UV‐A, 320–700 nm) and P (PAR, 400–700 nm). In situ samples were collected every hour at three different depths – 0, 0.5 and 1 m.3. The general daily pattern was of a significant decrease in Y from early morning towards noon, with partial recovery in the afternoon. Samples incubated under static conditions always had lower Y than those under in situ conditions at the same time of the day.4. Under stratified conditions, no overall impact of UVR impact could be detected in situ when compared with the static samples. Further rapid vertical mixing not only counteracted the impact of UVR but also stimulated photosynthetic efficiency.5. Based on these measurements of fluorescence, the mixing speed of cells moving within the epilimnion was estimated to range between 0.53 and 6.5 cm min−1.6. These data show that mixing is very important in modulating the photosynthetic response of phytoplankton exposed to natural radiation and, hence, strongly conditions the overall impact of UVR on aquatic ecosystems.
Leaf litter breakdown budgets in streams of various trophic status: effects of dissolved inorganic nutrients on microorganisms and invertebrates
Authors: BALDY V. , GOBERT V. , GUEROLD F. , CHAUVET E. , LAMBRIGOT D. , CHARCOSSET J.‐Y. 
Published: March 2007

Summary1. We investigated the effect of trophic status on the organic matter budget in freshwater ecosystems. During leaf litter breakdown, the relative contribution of the functional groups and the quantity/quality of organic matter available to higher trophic levels are expected to be modified by the anthropogenic release of nutrients.2. Carbon budgets were established during the breakdown of alder leaves enclosed in coarse mesh bags and submerged in six streams: two oligotrophic, one mesotrophic, two eutrophic and one hypertrophic streams. Nitrate concentrations were 4.5–6.7 mg L−1 and the trophic status of each stream was defined by the soluble reactive phosphorus concentration ranging from 3.4 (oligotrophic) to 89 μg L−1 (hypertrophic). An ammonium gradient paralleled the phosphate gradient with mean concentrations ranging from 1.4 to 560 μg L−1 NH4‐N. The corresponding unionised ammonia concentrations ranged from 0.08 to 19 μg L−1 NH3‐N over the six streams.3. The dominant shredder taxa were different in the oligo‐, meso‐ and eutrophic streams. No shredders were observed in the hypertrophic stream. These changes may be accounted for by the gradual increase in the concentration of ammonia over the six streams. The shredder biomass dramatically decreased in eu‐ and hypertrophic streams compared with oligo‐ and mesotrophic.4. Fungal biomass increased threefold from the most oligotrophic to the less eutrophic stream and decreased in the most eutrophic and the hypertrophic. Bacterial biomass increased twofold from the most oligotrophic to the hypertrophic stream. Along the trophic gradient, the microbial CO2 production followed that of microbial biomass whereas the microbial fine particulate organic matter and net dissolved organic carbon (DOC) did not consistently vary. These results indicate that the microorganisms utilised the substrate and the DOC differently in streams of various trophic statuses.5. In streams receiving various anthropogenic inputs, the relative contribution of the functional groups to leaf mass loss varied extensively as a result of stimulation and the deleterious effects of dissolved inorganic compounds. The quality/quantity of the organic matter produced by microorganisms slightly varied, as they use DOC from stream water instead of the substrate they decompose in streams of higher trophic status.
Watching, waiting and uncertainty in prostate cancer
Authors: Bailey Donald E , Wallace Meredith , Mishel Merle H 
Published: March 2007

Aim.  This study explores the problems and uncertainties of older men, with prostate cancer, who have undergone watchful waiting and the strategies they use to manage their concerns.Background.  With life expectancy rising, the number of older men with prostate cancer has increased. Nearly 50% of all new prostate cancers are diagnosed in men over 70 years old. For many of these older men, improvements in medical care have increased the likelihood of living for years with prostate cancer. Thus, watchful waiting has been proposed as a reasonable alternative to treatment for older men with localized prostate cancer.Methods.  A qualitative, descriptive design was used for this study. The results from interviews with 10 men who were undergoing watchful waiting for prostate cancer were analysed using the Mishel's Reconceptualized Uncertainty in Illness model.Results.  Domains of uncertainty, appraisal of danger and appraisal of opportunity were identified and each was supported by participant's experience.Conclusions.  The results of the study may be used to expand the Uncertainty in Illness model and develop interventions for men undergoing watchful waiting for prostate cancer.Relevance to clinical practice.  These findings may be used to enhance current nursing interventions for men electing for watchful waiting as an alternative to treatment for prostate cancer, including patient teaching and support services. Future study should examine the role of nurses in managing uncertainty, especially in patient teaching and in the development, implementation and evaluation of interventions to manage uncertainty.
Patient participation in decision making: views of health professionals caring for people with colorectal cancer
Authors: Beaver Kinta , Craven Olive , Witham Gary , Tomlinson Mary , Susnerwala Shabbir , Jones David , Luker Karen A 
Published: March 2007

Aim.  The aim of this study was to explore views on patient participation in decision making, as described by health professionals caring for people with colorectal cancer.Background.  Patient participation in health‐care decision making is on the policy agenda at an international level. However, many aspects of cancer care and treatment are complex and it is unclear how health professionals view their role as promoters of patient participation.Design.  A qualitative exploratory study.Methods.  In depth interviews with 35 health professionals in clinical practice. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis, assisted by a computer software package for analysis of qualitative data (N‐VIVO).Results.  Choices in relation to surgical treatment were viewed as limited. Although it was perceived that patients could be more involved in decisions related to adjuvant treatment, providing information on various chemotherapy regimes was challenging. It was acknowledged that patients could be involved in treatment choices but there was far less clarity concerning aspects of physical and psychological care. Age was a factor when determining which patients should be offered treatment choices.Conclusion.  The availability and presentation of choices to patients is context specific and tailored to the preferences of individuals. If health professionals focus only on aspects of decision making related to treatment, the potential for shared partnerships with patients in relation to choices about physical and psychological care may be lost. This may be particularly pertinent for nurses and allied professions who engage with patients throughout the illness trajectory.Relevance to clinical practice.  Policy makers should arguably appreciate that health professionals have an awareness of current thinking on patient participation, but may find policy recommendations challenging to implement in clinical practice when faced with the individual needs and preferences of patients and the complexities and uncertainties of disease management.
Attitudes towards holistic complementary and alternative medicine: a sample of healthy people in Turkey
Authors: Erci Behice 
Published: March 2007

Aims and objectives.  This study aimed to investigate the attitude towards holistic complementary and alternative medicine of healthy people, and to evaluate the relationship between attitude towards holistic complementary and alternative medicine and the characteristics of the participants.Background.  Complementary and alternative medicines are becoming more accepted.Design.  This study used descriptive and correlational designs.Methods.  The study included healthy individuals who attended or visited a primary care centre for healthcare services. The sample of the study consisted of 448 persons who responded to the questionnaire. The Attitude towards Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine scale consisted of 11 items on a six‐point, and two subscales. The mean score of holistic complementary and alternative medicine was studied in relation to attributes and holistic complementary and alternative medicine.Results.  The mean score on the scale was 58.1 SD 4.1 point, and in terms of the mean score of the scale, the sample group showed a negative attitude towards holistic complementary and alternative medicine and one subscale. Demographic characteristics of the sample group affected attitudes towards holistic complementary and alternative medicine and both subscales.Conclusion.  In light of these results, it is clear that healthy Turkish population have a tendency towards conventional medicine.Relevance to clinical practice.  Health professionals caring for healthy people should provide comprehensive care that addresses the physical, psychosocial and spiritual needs of the individual; they could provide the consultation regarding to different patterns of complementary therapies.
Self‐care agency and factors related to this agency among patients with hypertension
Authors: Akyol Asiye Durmaz , Çetinkaya Yurdanur , Bakan Gülcan , Yaralı Selda , Akkuş Sıttıka 
Published: March 2007

Aims and objectives.  The aim of this study is to assess the self‐care agency and factors regarding this agency among patients with hypertensions.Design.  This study, descriptive, analytical and cross‐sectional in nature, was conducted to evaluate the self‐care agency of 120 hypertensive patients at the Cardiology and Internal Diseases Polyclinic of University of Ege, Faculty of Medicine; ızmir Atatürk State Hospital; University of Selçuk, Faculty of Medicine; and Karaman State Hospital between July and August 2003.Methods.  The data were collected by using the self‐care agency scale and a questionnaire designed to determine the socio demographic features, and evaluated by means of percentage calculation and chi‐square tests.Results.  The mean self‐care agency rate of the patients in general was moderate. It was determined that educational situation and social insurance affected self‐care.Conclusion.  Self‐care agency and health are related to economic, social and educational factors.Relevance to clinical practice.  Data obtained could be used for policy formulation, health planning, outcome evaluation of instruments, better health education strategies and, ultimately, to demonstrate the worth of nursing in the marketplace.