bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sensitivity of Western European NO2 columns to interannual variability of meteorology and emissions: a model—GOME study
Authors: Savage Nicholas H. , Pyle John A. , Braesicke Peter , Wittrock Folkard , Richter Andreas , Nüß Hendrik , Burrows John P. , Schultz Martin G. , Pulles Tinus , van het Bolscher Maarten 
Published: September 2008

AbstractInterannual variability (IAV) in tropospheric species concentrations can be driven by variability in emissions, chemistry, transport and UV radiation. In a 3D CTM study we have found good agreement between the IAV of NO2 columns observed by the GOME satellite instrument and model simulations over Western Europe from 1996 to 2000. We find that meteorological variability is an important factor during this period. Averaged 10 m wind speeds from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analysis are a good proxy for the overall meteorology driving the IAV during the studied period of 1996–2000. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Metabolic flux analysis of Shewanella spp. reveals evolutionary robustness in central carbon metabolism
Authors: Tang Yinjie J. , Martin Hector Garcia , Dehal Paramvir S. , Deutschbauer Adam , Llora Xavier , Meadows Adam , Arkin Adam , Keasling Jay. D. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractShewanella spp. are a group of facultative anaerobic bacteria widely distributed in marine and freshwater environments. In this study, we profiled the central metabolic fluxes of eight recently sequenced Shewanella species grown under the same condition in minimal medium with [3‐13C] lactate. Although the tested Shewanella species had slightly different growth rates (0.23–0.29 h−1) and produced different amounts of acetate and pyruvate during early exponential growth (pseudo‐steady state), the relative intracellular metabolic flux distributions were remarkably similar. This result indicates that Shewanella species share similar regulation in regard to central carbon metabolic fluxes under steady growth conditions: the maintenance of metabolic robustness is not only evident in a single species under genetic perturbations (Fischer and Sauer, 2005; Nat Genet 37(6):636–640), but also observed through evolutionary related microbial species. This remarkable conservation of relative flux profiles through phylogenetic differences prompts us to introduce the concept of metabotype as an alternative scheme to classify microbial fluxomics. On the other hand, Shewanella spp. display flexibility in the relative flux profiles when switching their metabolism from consuming lactate to consuming pyruvate and acetate. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 1161–1169. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of two metabolites of calycosin‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside in rat urine by HPLC
Authors: Yang Yan‐Ling , Xia Guang‐Xin , Ye Guan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA simple and specific analytical method for the simultaneous determination of the two metabolites of calycosin‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside, calycosin‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucuronic acid methyl ester (M‐1) and calycosin (M‐2), in rat urine was developed using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Quercetin was employed as an internal standard. The correlation coefficients of the calibration curves were higher than 0.999; both intra‐ and inter‐day precisions of two metabolites were determined and their RSD did not exceed 10%. The accuracy and linear range were investigated in detail. The cumulative urinary excretions of two metabolites were measured. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative determination of capsaicin, a transient receptor potential channel vanilloid 1 agonist, by liquid chromatography quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry: evaluation ofin vitrometabolic stability
Authors: Beaudry Francis , Vachon Pascal 
Published: September 2008

AbstractCapsaicin is the most abundant pungent molecule present in red peppers and it is widely used for food flavoring, in pepper spray in self‐defense devices and more recently in ointments for the relief of neuropathic pain. Capsaicin is a selective agonist of transient receptor potential channel, vanilloid subfamily member 1. A selective and sensitive quantitative method for the determination of capsaicin by LC‐ESI/MS/MS was developed. The method consisted of a protein precipitation extraction followed by analysis using liquid chromatography electrospray quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a 100 × 2 mm C18Waters Symmetry column combined with a gradient mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution at a flow rate of 220 µL/min. The mass spectrometer was operating in full‐scan MS/MS mode using two‐segment analysis. An analytical range of 10–5000 ng/mL was used in the calibration curve constructed in rat plasma. The interbatch precision and accuracy observed were 6.5, 6.7, 5.3 and 101.2, 102.7, 103.5% at 50, 500 and 5000 ng/mL, respectively. Anin vitrometabolic stability study was performed in rat, dog and mouse liver microsomes and the novel analytical method was adapted and used to determine intrinsic clearance of capsaicin. Results suggest very rapid degradation withT1/2ranging from 2.3 to 4.1 min and high clearance values suggesting that drug bioavailability will be considerably reduced, consequently affecting drug response and efficacy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of triptolide, tripdiolide and tripterine in human urine by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap atmospheric‐pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Jin Mi‐cong , Chen Xiao‐hong , OuYang Xiao‐kun 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAn accurate and selective method for the simultaneous determination of triptolide, tripdiolide and tripterine in human urine using hydrocortisone as an internal standard (IS) by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric‐pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry in negative ion mode has been developed. After triptolide, tripdiolide and tripterine in human urine were extracted with ethyl acetate and cleaned by solid‐phase extraction with C18cartridges, a satisfactory separation was achieved on an XDB C18short column (30 × 2.1 mm i.d., 3 µm) using the mobile phase of acetic acid–ammonium acetate (5 mmol/L, pH = 4.5)–acetonitrile–methanol in gradient elution. Detection was operated by APCI in selected ion monitoring mode. The target ionsm/z359,m/z375,m/z449 andm/z419 were selected for the quantification of triptolide, tripdiolide, tripterine and IS, respectively. The linear range was 1.0–100.0 ng mL−1, and the limits of quantification in human urine were found to be 0.1–0.5 ng mL−1for the three compounds. The precisions (CV%) and accuracies were 6.6–12.9 and 85.1–97.0%, respectively. The developed method could be applied to the determination of triptolide, tripdiolide and tripterine in human urine for diagnosis of the intoxication and for forensic purposes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantioselective analysis of primaquine and its impurity quinocide by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Elbashir Abdalla A. , Saad Bahruddin , Ali Abdussalam Salhin Mohamed , Saleh Muhammad Idiris , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA capillary electrophoretic (CE) method for the baseline separation of the enantiomers of primaquine diphosphate (PQ) and quinocide (QC) (a major contaminant) in pharmaceutical formulations is proposed. Both components were separated under the following conditions: 50 mm tris phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) containing 15 mm hydroxypropyl‐γ‐cyclodextrin (HP‐γ‐CD) as background electrolyte; applied voltage, 16 kV; capillary temperature, 25°C; detection wavelength, 254 nm; hydrostatic injection, 10 s. The separations were conducted using a 35 cm length and 50 µm i.d. uncoated fused silica capillary column. Under the optimized conditions, the components were successfully separated in about 5 min. Intraday precision of migration time and corrected peak areas when expressed as relative standard deviation ranged from 0.17 to 0.45 and 2.60 to 3.94%, respectively, while the interday precision ranged from 2.59 to 4.20 and 3.15 to 4.21%, respectively. After the validation exercise, the proposed method was applied for the determination of QC impurity in PQ formulations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experience in identifying the venous drainage of the adrenal gland during laparoscopic adrenalectomy
Authors: Parnaby Craig N. , Galbraith Norman , O'Dwyer Patrick J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLaparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) is the procedure of choice for most adrenal tumors. An important part of LA is the early identification and ligation of the adrenal veins. The venous drainage from each adrenal gland is usually via a single vein: the right vein draining into the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the left vein into the left renal vein. Although infrequent, variable venous drainage has been documented. The aim of the study was to clarify if LA identified venous drainage and its variants. Between January 1999 and January 2008, 142 consecutive patients underwent LA. Adrenal vein anatomy was documented on a prospective database. In total, 142 patients underwent 162 LA (right = 62, left = 66, bilateral = 17). All adrenal veins were identified at the time of laparoscopy. For 157 LA, the adrenal venous drainage was constant: right vein drained into the IVC and left vein drained into left renal vein. Five patients had adrenal vein variants: two right veins draining separately into IVC (n = 1), two right veins draining into the IVC and right renal vein (n = 1), and two left veins draining separately into the left renal vein (n = 3). Adrenal vein variants were present in patients with phaeochromocytomas (n = 4) or adrenocortical carcinoma (n = 1). The laparoscopic approach allowed an excellent view of the main adrenal venous anatomy. This has helped confirm the constant nature of the venous drainage and successfully identify variant adrenal veins. Clin. Anat. 21:660–665, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endoscopic anatomy of sphenoid sinus for pituitary surgery
Authors: Unlu A. , Meco C. , Ugur H.C. , Comert A. , Ozdemir M. , Elhan A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractEndoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the sellar region yields an alternative to classical microsurgical approaches. Endoscopes provide images that differ from microscopic view. This study aimed to highlight surgical landmarks and their anatomical relationships for pituitary surgery through endoscopic perspective. Ten sides of five adult cadaveric heads with red‐colored latex injected arteries were evaluated. Endoscopic dissections were performed and measurements were done in the sphenoid sinuses before and after the removal of bony structures in all the aspects. Endoscopic vision of the sellar region enabled a wide panoramic perspective and detailed inspection. The measurements, in general, indicated the variations in the bony structures and soft tissues. The width of the pituitary, which is the distance between the medial margins of the carotid prominences, was measured as 21 ± 2.5 mm and the distance between the medial margin of the carotid prominences at the lower margin of the pituitary was 18 ± 3.1 mm. After the bony structures were removed, further measurements were done. The width of the pituitary, which is the distance between the medial margins of the anterior curvature of the ICA, was measured as 23.2 ± 3 mm, while the distance between the posterior curvature of the ICA was 19.7 ± 4.9 mm. Endoscopic view provided superior detailed visualization of the close relationships between pituitary gland, internal carotid arteries, and optic nerves. This facilitated exact evaluation for variations, which could result in more effective and safe surgery. However, these variations again emphasize the necessity of preoperative radiological evaluation in each case. Clin. Anat. 21:627–632, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical variations of the iliolumbar vein with application to the anterior retroperitoneal approach to the lumbar spine: A cadaver study
Authors: Unruh Kenneth P. , Camp Christopher L. , Zietlow Scott P. , Huddleston Paul M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjectives of this study include identification of lumbosacral venous variations, designation of a critical area of dissection for surgical exposure, and comparison between both male/female and right/left‐sided anatomy. Attempts were made to provide anatomic nomenclature that accurately describes these structures. Thirty‐eight iliolumbar venous systems in 20 cadavers (11 females/9 males) were dissected. Each system was identified as one of three patterns of variation: common venous trunk (combining ascending lumbar and iliolumbar venous systems) with distal veins, common venous trunk without distal veins, and venous systems without a common venous trunk. Dimensions including distances to the inferior vena cava (IVC) confluence, the obturator nerve, and the lumbosacral trunk, and venous stem length were obtained to aid surgical dissection. Differences between males and females and those between right and left sides were compared. Anterior lumbosacral venous variations could be organized into three groups. A Type 1 venous system (common venous trunk with distal veins) was most common (53% of systems). The anatomical name “lateral lumbosacral veins” adequately describes the anatomical location of these veins and does not assume a direction of venous flow or the lack of individual distal veins. A critical area bordered by the obturator nerve anteriorly, the psoas muscle laterally, the spinal column medially, and sacrum posteriorly within 8.2 cm of the IVC confluence should be defined to adequately dissect the lateral lumbosacral veins. Differences in male and female lateral lumbosacral venous anatomy do not alter surgeon's approach to the anterior lumbar spine. Clin. Anat. 21:666–673, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absence of the long head of the biceps tendon associated with glenoid dysplasia and posterior labral tear
Authors: Sayeed Siraj A. , Shah Jay P. , Collins Mark S. , Dahm Diane L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAnatomic variations in the insertion of the long head of the biceps tendon and superior labral complex have been described (Erickson et al. [1992] AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 158:1091–1096; Kreitner et al. [1998] AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 170:599–605; Mariani et al. [1997] Arthroscopy 13:499–501; Vangsness Jr. et al. [1994] J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 76:951–954). To the authors' knowledge, there have been only five reported cases of congenital absence of the long head of the biceps tendon. Three of these cases were associated with anterior shoulder instability, one with a superior labral anterior posterior lesion and one simply with shoulder pain. This is the first reported case of congenital absence of the biceps tendon associated with glenoid dysplasia and a posterior labral tear. Clin. Anat. 21:728–732, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Marine Drugs – Macrolactins
Authors: Lu Xiao‐Ling , Xu Qiang‐Zhi , Liu Xiao‐Yu , Cao Xin , Ni Kun‐Yi , Jiao Bing‐Hua 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe increasing demands for new lead compounds in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries have driven scientists to search for new bioactive natural products. Marine microorganisms are rich sources of novel, bioactive secondary metabolites, and have attracted much attention of chemists, pharmacologists, and molecular biologists. This mini‐review mainly focuses on macrolactins, a group of 24‐membered lactone marine natural products, aiming at giving an overview on their sources, structures, biological activities, as well as their potential medical applications.
The Production and Characterisation of Trichotoxin Peptaibols, by Trichoderma asperellum
Authors: Chutrakul Chanikul , Alcocer Marcos , Bailey Kevin , Peberdy John F. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTrichoderma spp. are regularly found as a constituent of the mycoflora of many soils and are noted for their antagonistic activity against bacteria and other fungi. This latter property is the basis for the widespread interest in their use in the biological control of soil‐borne fungal plant pathogens. This antagonism is partly based on their ability to produce an impressive inventory of secondary metabolites. An important group of bioactive metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. are the non‐ribosomal peptides (NRPs), especially the peptaibols. A virulent antagonistic strain, T. asperellum, which had been used in biological control strategies in Malaysia and previously examined for mycolytic enzyme production, has been studied for its potential for peptaibol production. The present research demonstrated the ability of T. asperellum to produce at least two metabolites which were identified as acid trichotoxin 1704E (Ac‐Aib‐Gly‐Aib‐Leu‐Aib‐Gln‐Aib‐Aib‐Aib‐Ala‐Ala‐Aib‐Pro‐Leu‐Aib‐Iva‐Glu‐Vol) and neutral trichotoxin 1717A (Ac‐Aib‐Gly‐Aib‐Leu‐Aib‐Gln‐Aib‐Aib‐Aib‐Ala‐Aib‐Aib‐Pro‐Leu‐Aib‐Iva‐Gln‐Vol). Addition of free Aib to the culture medium enhanced the production of trichotoxins. Biological activity of these substances was investigated against Bacillus stearothermophilus. The general characteristics of peptaibols, also found in the trichotoxins, include the presence of high proportions of the uncommon amino acid Aib, the protection of the N‐ and C‐termini by an acetyl group and reduction of the C‐terminus to 2‐amino alcohols, respectively, amphipathy and microheterogeneity.
Rat Growth‐Hormone Release Stimulators from Fenugreek Seeds
Authors: Shim Sang Hee , Lee Eun Ju , Kim Ju Sun , Kang Sam Sik , Ha Hyekyung , Lee Ho Young , Kim Chungsook , Lee Je‐Hyun , Son Kun Ho 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBioassay‐guided fractionation of MeOH extract from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum L.) seeds resulted in the isolation of two rat growth‐hormone release stimulators in vitro, fenugreek saponin I (1) and dioscin (9), along with two new, i.e., 2 and 3, and five known analogues, i.e., 4–8. The structures of the new steroidal saponins, fenugreek saponins I, II, and III (1–3, resp.), were determined as gitogenin 3‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, sarsasapogenin 3‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, and gitogenin 3‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, respectively. Fenugreek saponin I (1) and dioscin (9) caused ca. 12.5‐ and 17.7‐fold stimulation of release, respectively, of rat growth hormone from rat pituitary cells, whereas gitogenin (5) showed moderate activity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that steroidal saponins stimulate rat growth‐hormone release in rat pituitary cells.
Science in Drug Control: The Alkaloid Content of Afghan Opium
Authors: Remberg Barbara , Sterrantino Anna Freni , Artner Robert , Janitsch Christoph , Krenn Liselotte 
Published: September 2008

AbstractOpium samples from Afghanistan were analyzed by HPLC for their content of morphine and three further alkaloids (codeine, thebaine, and papaverine). To our knowledge, this is the largest set of authentic opium samples analyzed in one study until now. The purpose was to assess possible correlations between samples and selected external factors, such as region of origin within Afghanistan, year of harvest, or intra‐batch variation. In the investigated samples, a trend towards higher morphine concentrations in opium from the North‐Eastern parts of Afghanistan was observed in the period from 2003 to 2005. More than 75% of the samples contained above 10% of morphine, the overall average was 14.4%.
Chemical Characterization of New Oxylipins from Cestrum parqui, and Their Effects on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth
Authors: Fiorentino Antonio , D'Abrosca Brigida , DellaGreca Marina , Izzo Angelina , Natale Angela , Pascarella Maria Teresa , Pacifico Severina , Zarrelli Armando , Monaco Pietro 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIsolation, chemical characterization, and phytotoxicity of five new oxylipins, together with seven already known related compounds, from Cestrum parqui L' Hérl. is reported. All the structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data, especially 1D‐ (1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, DEPT) and 2D‐NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY). The configurations of the stereogenic C‐atoms were determined by the Mosher's method. The compounds have been assayed for their phytotoxicity on Lactuca sativa at concentrations ranging between 10−4 and 10−8 M. The results of the phytotoxicity tests on the germination and growth of the test species, obtained by a cluster analysis, showed interesting relationship between the chemical structures of the compounds and their biological effects.
Two Cyathane‐Type Diterpenoids from the Liquid Culture of Strobilurus tenacellus
Authors: Shiono Yoshihito , Hiramatsu Fuminori , Murayama Tetsuya , Koseki Takuya , Funakoshi Takayuki 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe structures of two new cyathane‐type diterpenoids isolated from a liquid culture of Strobilurus tenacellus have been elucidated. The chemical structures of the new compounds 1 and 2 were identified as (12S)‐11α,14α‐epoxy‐13α,14β,15‐trihydroxycyath‐3‐ene and (12R)‐11α,14α‐epoxy‐13α,14β,15‐trihydroxycyath‐3‐ene, respectively, by spectral methods, including HR‐EI‐MS, and 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 show antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, both compounds were also tested for activity against human cancer cells, and 2 showed growth inhibitory activity against YMB and COLO 201 cells.
X‐tended target projection (XTP)—comparison with orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) and PLS post‐processing by similarity transformation (PLS + ST)
Authors: Kvalheim Olav M. , Rajalahti Tarja , Arneberg Reidar 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTarget projection (TP) also called target rotation (TR) was introduced to facilitate interpretation of latent‐variable regression models. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) regression and PLS post‐processing by similarity transform (PLS + ST) represent two alternative algorithms for the same purpose. In addition, OPLS and PLS + ST provide components to explain systematic variation in X orthogonal to the response. We show, that for the same number of components, OPLS and PLS + ST provide score and loading vectors for the predictive latent variable that are the same as for TP except for a scaling factor. Furthermore, we show how the TP approach can be extended to become a hybrid of latent‐variable (LV) regression and exploratory LV analysis and thus embrace systematic variation in X unrelated to the response. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the residual variation after removal of the target component is here used to extract the orthogonal components, but X‐tended TP (XTP) permits other criteria for decomposition of the residual variation. If PCA is used for decomposing the orthogonal variation in XTP, the variance of the major orthogonal components obtained for OPLS and XTP is observed to be almost the same, showing the close relationship between the methods. The XTP approach is tested and compared with OPLS for a three‐component mixture analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and a multicomponent mixture measured by near infrared spectroscopy in a reactor. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.