bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison Between Enamel Matrix Derivative and a Bioabsorbable Membrane to Enhance Healing Around Transmucosal Immediate Post‐Extraction Implants
Authors: Cangini Filippo , Cornelini Roberto 
Published: October 2005

Background: This clinical report compares the use of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and bioabsorbable barrier membrane to enhance healing following the immediate placement of transmucosal implants into extraction sockets.Methods: Thirty‐two adult patients scheduled for tooth replacement with dental implants agreed to participate. Following the insertion of a transmucosal implant into the extraction site, the subjects were assigned to one of two treatment alternatives of the remaining bone defects around the implants: 1) the residual bone defects were filled with EMD (EMD group) or 2) the residual bone defects were covered with a bioabsorbable membrane (membrane group). Flaps were then coronally positioned around implant cover screws. Patients followed weekly maintenance recalls for the first 6 weeks and then monthly recalls until the final prosthetic restoration was completed (after 6 months). The treatment outcome was evaluated after 12 months by the use of clinical variables. The null hypothesis of no treatment group differences was tested by the use of analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: At a 12‐month follow‐up, all of the implants were completely osseointegrated and successfully functioning, showing a success rate of 100%. The membrane group showed a significantly lower mean probing attachment level than the EMD group at proximal (0.60 mm, standard deviation (SD) 0.37 versus 1.19 mm, SD 1.10), buccal (0.80 mm, SD 0.79 versus 1.77 mm, SD 1.16), and lingual sites (0.44 mm, SD 0.52 versus 1.48 mm, SD 1.46). The difference was statistically significant at all sites (P <0.05). With respect to the position of the soft tissue margin around the implant shoulder, the membrane group showed a consistently higher value than the EMD group at, respectively, proximal (1.30 mm, SD 2.37 versus 1.16 mm, SD 1.0), buccal (0.90 mm, SD 1.29 versus 0.22 mm, SD 1.47), and lingual sites (1.12 mm, SD 1.10 versus 0.55 mm, SD 1.42).Conclusions: The membrane group obtained more favorable results in terms of both the probing attachment level and peri‐implant position of soft tissues compared to the EMD group. The use of a bioabsorbable membrane around immediately placed transmucosal implants enhanced soft and hard tissue healing and might be an advisable treatment choice particularly in areas with high esthetic demands.
Iatrogenic Trauma to Oral Tissues
Authors: Ozcelik Onur , Haytac M. Cenk , Akkaya Murat 
Published: October 2005

Background: Iatrogenic trauma can be defined as any trauma that has been induced by the dentist's activity, manner, or therapy. The aim of this article is to present traumatic oral tissue lesions of iatrogenic origin.Methods: Thirteen cases of chemical (due to ferric sulfate and formocresol), physical (due to orthodontic wires and appliances), and thermal (due to electrosurgery) injuries to the oral tissues are reported.Results: Chemical, physical, and thermal injuries in the oral, gingival, or palatinal mucosa of iatrogenic origin can exhibit various clinical features. The management of traumatic injuries is dependent on the severity of the involvement in the periodontal tissues. While, in most cases, the elimination of the offending agent and symptomatic therapy were sufficient, in severe cases, or when the injury resulted in permanent defects, periodontal surgery and regenerative therapy may be necessary.Conclusions: The skill, experience, and up‐to‐date knowledge of dentists are the main factors to prevent possible iatrogenic traumas. Although “To err is human,” careful practice is very important for the principle “Primum non nocere” (“First do no harm”).
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting as an Endodontic‐Periodontic Lesion
Authors: Levi Paul A. , Kim David M. , Harsfield Scott L. , Jacobson Erica R. 
Published: October 2005

Background: Regardless of advances in diagnosis and treatment during the past 40 years, the overall 5‐year survival rates for oral and oropharyngeal squamous cancers have only slightly improved and remain around 50%. Thus, the early diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma by health care providers are essential in achieving a good prognosis. We report a case of invasive squamous cell carcinoma that presented as a benign endodontic‐periodontic lesion with a 7‐mm periodontal pocket on tooth #15 in a 40‐year‐old, non‐smoking woman. The subsequent management of the case is also discussed. The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000.Methods: Our patient was seen for a comprehensive periodontal examination including a periodontal charting, occlusal analysis, study casts, electronic pulp test for tooth #15, and complete mouth periapical radiographs. As there was a periapical radiolucency, an endodontic consultation was obtained. A periodontal flap surgical procedure was performed on teeth #13 to #15, and as there was bone erosion into the maxillary sinus, a biopsy of the soft tissue was submitted to the local hospital for histological analysis.Results: The biopsied lesion was diagnosed as invasive, moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with focal spindle and clear cell differentiation (grade II to III of IV). Bone invasion was also identified. The treatment of the carcinoma involved a hemimaxillectomy with the removal of the maxillary left posterior teeth. The patient remained free of tumor for 5 years after the initial presentation.Conclusions: Patient education and periodic oral cancer examinations by dental professionals are necessary to reduce diagnostic delay and improve prognosis. This case report emphasizes the important role of dental professionals, especially periodontists and endodontists, of being aware that squamous cell carcinoma may manifest itself clinically and/or radiographically as a common periodontal or endodontic lesion.
Persistent and Growing Socioeconomic Disparities in Disability Among the Elderly: 1982–2002
Authors: Schoeni Robert F. , Martin Linda G. , Andreski Patricia M. , Freedman Vicki A. 
Published: October 2005

Objective. We sought to determine whether socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in prevalence of disability over age 70 have widened or narrowed during the past 2 decades. Methods. We used data from the 1982–2002 National Health Interview Surveys, which are nationally representative cross-sectional surveys of the noninstitutionalized population of the United States. Participants included 172227 people aged 70 years and older. The primary outcome measure was the average annual percentage change in the prevalence of 2 self-reported disability measures: the need for help with activities of daily living (“ADL disability”) and need for help with either ADL or instrumental activities of daily living (“any disability”). Results. All groups experienced declines in the age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of any disability during the 1982 to 2002 period. However, the average annual percent declines were smaller for the least advantaged socioeconomic groups. Differences in trends across racial/ethnic groups were not statistically significant. ADL disability prevalence decreased for the more advantaged groups but increased among the lowest income and education groups. Non-Hispanic Whites and minorities experienced similar average annual percent declines in ADL disability. Conclusions. Racial/ethnic disparities in old-age disability have persisted over the last 20 years, whereas socioeconomic disparities have increased.
Diphenylmethanofullerenes: New and Efficient Acceptors in Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Riedel I. , von Hauff E. , Parisi J. , Martín N. , Giacalone F. , Dyakonov V. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA novel fullerene derivative, 1,1‐bis(4,4′‐dodecyloxyphenyl)‐(5,6) C61, diphenylmethanofullerene (DPM‐12), has been investigated as a possible electron acceptor in photovoltaic devices, in combination with two different conjugated polymers poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(3′,7′‐dimethyloctyloxy)‐para‐phenylene vinylene] (OC1C10‐PPV) and poly[3‐hexyl thiophene‐2,5‐diyl] (P3HT). High open‐circuit voltages, VOC = 0.92 and 0.65 V, have been measured for OC1C10‐PPV:DPM‐12‐ and P3HT:DPM‐12‐based devices, respectively. In both cases, VOC is 100 mV above the values measured on devices using another routinely used fullerene acceptor, [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). This is somewhat unexpected when taking into account the identical redox potentials of both acceptor materials at room temperature. The temperature‐dependent VOC reveals, however, the same effective bandgap (HOMOPolymer–LUMOFullerene; HOMO = highest occupied molecular orbital, LUMO = lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) of 1.15 and 0.9 eV for OC1C10‐PPV and P3HT, respectively, independent of the acceptor used. The higher VOC at room temperature is explained by different ideality factors in the dark‐diode characteristics. Under white‐light illumination (80 mW cm–2), photocurrent densities of 1.3 and 4.7 mA cm–2 have been obtained in the OC1C10‐PPV:DPM‐12‐ and P3HT:DPM‐12‐based devices, respectively. Temperature‐dependent current density versus voltage characteristics reveal a thermally activated (shallow trap recombination limited) photocurrent in the case of OC1C10‐PPV:DPM‐12, and a nearly temperature‐independent current density in P3HT:DPM‐12. The latter clearly indicates that charge carriers traverse the active layer without significant recombination, which is due to the higher hole‐mobility–lifetime product in P3HT. At the same time, the field‐effect electron mobility in pure DPM‐12 has been found to be μe = 2 × 10–4 cm2 V–1 s–1, that is, forty‐times lower than the one measured in PCBM (μe = 8 × 10–3 cm2 V–1 s–1).
Facial nerve palsy after acute exposure to dichloromethane
Authors: Jacubovich R.M. , Landau D. , Dayan Y. Bar , Zilberberg M. , Goldstein L. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackgroundDichloromethane poisoning affects predominantly the central nervous and the cardiovascular systems, and results from both carboxyhemoglobin formation and direct solvent‐related narcosis. Exposure is frequently occupational and related to paint‐stripping. Several reports have described severe adverse effects as well as fatalities. Conflicting reports regarding peripheral nerve toxicity have been found with no reports of clinical acute toxicity heretofore.MethodsWe present a case report of a patient who developed a facial nerve palsy after acute occupational exposure to Dichloromethane. The patient was part of a paint removing crew who have worked without proper protecting measures and were thus exposed to high levels of Dichoromethane.ResultsThe patient was involved in paint stripping with Dichloromethane, and developed facial nerve palsy. Other known causes of facial palsy were excluded, and although idiopathic palsy cannot be ruled out, there were no corroborating findings. Carboxyhemoglobin levels taken after a significant delay were normal.ConclusionThis is the first article that describes a case of Facial Nerve Palsy related to acute dichloromethane exposure, indicating a possible peripheral neurotoxic effect of this solvent. Am. J. Ind. Med. 48:389–392, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methods for using narrative text from injury reports to identify factors contributing to construction injury
Authors: Bondy Jessica , Lipscomb Hester , Guarini Kenneth , Glazner Judith E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackgroundSeveral methods exist for classifying injuries from written text, thereby identifying possible points of intervention. We describe an innovative method for such classification.MethodsUsing Haddon's matrix as a framework, two independent reviewers coded text from over 4,000 injury reports into a qualitative software package to identify factors contributing to injuries sustained during construction of Denver International Airport (DIA). We compared our classification scheme with three others.ResultsThis process created a coded data set, an expanded version of Haddon's matrix adapted for construction injury, and coding rules for interpreting narrative text. Haddon's matrix provides a flexible theoretical framework for coding information about a spectrum of contributing factors.ConclusionsNarrative descriptions from injury reports can provide detail on circumstances surrounding injuries and identify factors contributing to injury. Forms guiding investigators to explicitly consider human, organizational, and environmental factors could foster more complete descriptions of factors contributing to construction injury. Am. J. Ind. Med. 48:373–380, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Machine safety evaluation in small metal working facilities: An evaluation of inter‐rater reliability in the quantification of machine‐related hazards
Authors: Munshi Kaizad , Parker David , Samant Yogindra , Brosseau Lisa , Pan Wei , Xi Min 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackgroundEach year there are an estimated 4.2–6.7 amputations per 10,000 workers in the metal fabrication trades in the United States. The Minnesota Machine Guarding Study evaluates the effectiveness of a peer‐based technical and educational intervention designed to reduce exposure to amputation hazards among workers in small machining/metal working shops. The study reported here involved the development and evaluation of methods for measuring machine safety, which will be used in the intervention study.MethodsUsing OSHA regulations, ANSI standards, and industry best practices, we developed 23 machine‐safety scorecards. The safety scores were dependent on the presence or absence of guards, other safety devices and implements, and the presence or absence of acceptable administrative programs. Inter‐rater reliability was assessed for the evaluation of eight types of commonly used metal fabrication machines.ResultsOf the 23 most common types of machines, there were a sufficient number of machines to evaluate inter‐rater reliability for eight types. Three raters in four shops assessed fifty‐nine machines. Overall, the kappa statistic ranged from 0.57 to 0.84, indicating good to very good concordance between raters. In general, machines did not fare well with regard to compliance with current standards.DiscussionThe ability to assess machine‐related hazards is important in industries where it is difficult to identify and count injuries in a timely fashion. Machinists and safety professionals may use this scoring system as a means of reproducible assessment of machine safety. Am. J. Ind. Med. 48:381–388, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasma total homocysteine and memory in the elderly: The Hordaland Homocysteine study
Authors: Nurk Eha , Refsum Helga , Tell Grethe S. , Engedal Knut , Vollset Stein E. , Ueland Per M. , Nygaard Harald A. , Smith A. David 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe examined the relation between plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), folate, vitamin B12, and episodic memory in elderly community‐dwelling subjects. A population‐based study was conducted in 1992 and 1993, and subjects were re‐investigated after 6 years. Plasma analytes were determined on both occasions. At follow‐up, memory performance, using the Kendrick Object Learning Test, was investigated in 2,189 subjects (age, 65–67 years at baseline). Subjects with memory deficit (test score, <25) had higher tHcy and lower folate at follow‐up compared with those without memory deficit: 12.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.1, 13.1) versus 11.5 (95% CI, 11.3, 11.6) μmol/L (p < 0.001) for tHcy, and 6.7 (95% CI, 6.2, 7.1) versus 7.6 (95% CI, 7.5, 7.8) nmol/L (p < 0.001) for folate. The risk of memory deficit increased according to quintiles of tHcy both at baseline and at follow‐up. A decline in tHcy, or an increase in folate, over a 6‐year period was associated with a higher memory test score; and vice versa. These findings indicate that increased plasma tHcy is an independent risk factor for memory deficit both cross‐sectionally and prospectively, and that a “favorable” change in folate or tHcy concentrations over time is associated with better memory performance. Ann Neurol 2005
Common variants of LRRK2 are not associated with sporadic Parkinson's disease
Authors: Biskup Saskia , Mueller Jakob C. , Sharma Manu , Lichtner Peter , Zimprich Alexander , Berg Daniela , Wüllner Ullrich , Illig Thomas , Meitinger Thomas , Gasser Thomas 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMultiple mutations in the gene for the leucine‐rich repeat kinase (LRRK2) cause autosomal dominant late‐onset parkinsonism (PARK8). The Gly2019Ser mutation appears to be common in different populations. To investigate whether this novel gene influences the non‐Mendelian sporadic form of Parkinson's disease, we genotyped 121 single nucleotide polymorphisms comprehensively covering the entire LRRK2 gene region in a set of 340 Parkinson's disease patients and 680 matched control subjects from Germany. No association could be demonstrated. We have therefore no evidence for the existence of a common variant in LRRK2 that has a strong influence on Parkinson's disease risk. Ann Neurol 2005
Is radiation synovectomy for arthritis of the knee more effective than intraarticular treatment with glucocorticoids? Results of an eighteen‐month, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial
Authors: Jahangier Zalima N. , Jacobs Johannes W. G. , Lafeber Floris P. J. G. , Moolenburgh Jan D. , Swen Wijnand A. A. , Bruyn George A. W. , Griep Ed N. , ter Borg Evert‐J. , Bijlsma Johannes W. J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy and safety of radiation synovectomy (RSO) with intraarticular (IA) yttrium‐90 plus glucocorticoids (GCs) with the efficacy and safety of IA placebo yttrium plus GCs and to identify parameters that predict efficacy.MethodsThe knees of 97 patients with persistent arthritis despite outpatient treatment with IA GCs (n = 113 knees), were treated with either IA 90Y plus GCs (50%) or IA placebo yttrium plus GCs (50%), followed by 3 days of bed rest in the hospital clinic, with splinting of the treated knee. Predominant diagnoses were undifferentiated arthritis (39%) and rheumatoid arthritis (32%). The clinical effect of therapy was assessed at 6 months using a composite change index (CCI; range 0–12). The primary outcome measure was the response rate (i.e., the percentage of joints with a CCI ≥6). Knees with persistent arthritis after 6 months underwent crossover therapy (51% of the 90Y plus GCs group versus 45% of the placebo plus GCs group). Adverse effects and radiologic damage during followup were documented.ResultsNeither the response rate (48% in both groups), the mean CCI, nor the duration of remission was significantly different between groups. No clinically relevant short‐term adverse effects were observed, except for progression of radiologic damage in 34% of the 90Y plus GCs group versus 28% of the placebo plus GCs group (knee prosthesis placement in 8% versus 1%). The functional and radiologic status at study entry predicted the clinical effect.ConclusionTreatment with 90Y plus GCs with bed rest and splinting is not superior to IA GCs with bed rest and splinting. Over the short term, both treatments appeared to be safe, although a negative effect of 90Y on cartilage and bone cannot be ruled out. Thus, it appears that RSO with 90Y should no longer be considered the treatment of first choice for persistent arthritis of the knee.
Infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biologic agents
Authors: Listing Joachim , Strangfeld Anja , Kary Sonja , Rau Rolf , von Hinueber Ulrich , Stoyanova‐Scholz Maria , Gromnica‐Ihle Erika , Antoni Christian , Herzer Peter , Kekow Jörn , Schneider Matthias , Zink Angela 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the incidence rates of serious and nonserious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who start treatment with a biologic agent, and to compare these rates with those in patients with RA who receive conventional treatment.MethodsPatients enrolled in the German biologics register between May 2001 and September 2003 were included. Treating rheumatologists assessed adverse events and serious adverse events. All adverse events and serious adverse events experienced within 12 months after study entry were analyzed. Propensity score methods were applied to estimate which part of a rate increase was likely to be attributable to differences in patient characteristics.ResultsData were available for 512 patients receiving etanercept, 346 patients receiving infliximab, 70 patients receiving anakinra, and 601 control patients treated with disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs. The total number of adverse events per 100 patient‐years was 22.6 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 18.7–27.2) among patients receiving etanercept, 28.3 (95% CI 23.1–34.7) among patients receiving infliximab, and 6.8 (95% CI 5.0–9.4) among controls (P< 0.0001). Significant differences in the rate of serious adverse events were also observed. For patients receiving etanercept, those receiving infliximab, and controls, the total numbers of serious adverse events per 100 patient‐years were 6.4 (95% CI 4.5–9.1), 6.2 (95% CI 4.0–9.5), and 2.3 (95% CI 1.3–3.9), respectively (P= 0.0016). After adjusting for differences in the case patient mix, the relative risks of serious adverse events were 2.2 (95% CI 0.9–5.4) for patients receiving etanercept and 2.1 (95% CI 0.8–5.5) for patients receiving infliximab, compared with controls.ConclusionPatients treated with biologic agents have a higher a priori risk of infection. However, our data suggest that this risk is increased by treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors.
Wnt‐1–inducible signaling pathway protein 3 and susceptibility to juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Lamb Rebecca , Thomson Wendy , Ogilvie Emma ,   the British Society of Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Donn Rachelle 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether Wnt‐1–inducible signaling pathway protein 3 (WISP3) polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsThe exons and the intron/exon boundaries of the WISP3 gene were mutation‐screened by denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography in 86 patients with polyarticular‐course JIA (≥5 joints affected) and 15 controls. Seven single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped, using allelic discrimination, in a case–control study. Initially, 159 patients with polyarticular‐course JIA and 263 controls were studied, followed by study of a replication cohort of 181 patients with polyarticular‐course JIA and 355 controls. Available parents of patients with polyarticular‐course JIA were also genotyped. Finally, other JIA subgroups were studied (initial cohort, n = 218; replication cohort, n = 213). Single‐point and haplotype analysis was carried out.ResultsPositive association with SNP WISP3*G84A was observed and replicated in 2 cohorts of patients with polyarticular‐course JIA. Specifically, homozygosity of the mutant allele (WISP3*84AA) conferred a 2‐fold increased risk of disease susceptibility (for the initial cohort, odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.1–4.2, P = 0.03; for the replication cohort, OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0–4.3, P = 0.05). Strong linkage disequilibrium was observed between SNPs; however, no haplotypic effect of an order of magnitude greater than the single‐point WISP3*G84A association was observed. Using the transmission disequilibrium test, a trend toward overtransmission of the WISP3*84A allele was observed in patients with polyarticular‐course JIA. No association of any WISP3 polymorphism was observed in the other JIA subgroups.ConclusionAssociation and replication of a polymorphism within the first intron of the WISP3 gene have been shown in patients with polyarticular‐course JIA. The functional significance of the WISP3*G84A SNP is being determined.