bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the Vehicle Carbon Emission Inventory in Qinghai Province
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhou Ran , Peng Shitao , Qi Zhaoyu , Tong Hui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study focused on the vehicle carbon emission control needs in Qinghai Province, which was characterized by high altitude and a fragile ecological environment. A bottom-up method was adopted to obtain data on the vehicular activity level in the province through extensive field research. Local comprehensive carbon emission factors for vehicles were obtained through “basic data + actual testing + environmental correction”, and then coupled to generate the 2023 provincial vehicle carbon emission inventory, which could provide useful reference and guidance for the carbon emission control of vehicles in Qinghai Province and other high-altitude areas.
Intelligent Dust Control Technology Path for the Entire Area of Dry Bulk Cargo Terminal
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhou Ran , Peng Shitao , Hong Ningning , Ye Yin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the current macro context of tightening national and local atmospheric environment control policies, accelerating the construction of world-class green and smart ports, and increasing social attention, the requirements for dust pollution control at bulk cargo terminals are also increasing. Overall, the understanding of dust generation mechanisms from wind erosion in bulk cargo yards and during loading and unloading operations in the domestic port industry and academic community was still not comprehensive enough; the technical means of comprehensive dust intelligent monitoring in the yard area were still lacking; and the application of intelligent and refined control for the entire process still needed further improvement and promotion. Based on the requirements for the construction of smart and green ports in the new era, and an in-depth analysis of the key links, technical means, and weaknesses of dust pollution in bulk cargo terminals, this paper proposed intelligent control technology countermeasures and suggestions for dust pollution from three aspects: accurate characterization of dust under different operating conditions, intelligent three-dimensional monitoring of point surface integration, and intelligent decision-making system for the entire field and operation process.
Experimental Study of Leakage Simulation in Gas Extraction Boreholes
Authors: Qin Ruxiang , Qin Xiaoxin , Yu Mingyang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The main issues with gas extraction via drilling are the reduction in gas concentration, decreased extraction efficiency, and prolonged time to meet extraction standards caused by drill hole leakage. To determine the location of leaks in gas extraction drill holes, this paper establishes a simulation system, substituting CO2 for gas, to study the characteristics of gas concentration and pressure distribution within the drill holes under various leakage scenarios, thereby inferring the leakage points. Results indicate that during drill hole leakage, the CO2 concentration sharply decreases from the borehole entrance to the leakage point, while the concentration from the leakage point to the bottom of the hole remains high. The difference between the internal pressure of the hole and the entrance pressure is denoted by ΔH. A stable ΔH value indicates effective sealing of the drill hole; a decrease in ΔH at any point within the hole suggests a leakage, with a reduction of up to 3 Pa observed in the experiments. Based on similar experiments, we propose a gas extraction drill hole leakage criteria and apply it in the detection of interlayer drill hole leakage at the Pingdingshan 15-17-33190 working face. The leakage is located in the sealed section. After improving the sealing parameters, the gas concentration at the borehole mouth increases from 10% to 45%.
Property and Leaching Toxicity Changes of Fly Ash under Thermal Treatment and the Underlying Mechanism
Authors: Zheng Jiayi , Li Shuijiang , Su Jian , Gao Wuyou , Liu Weizhen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Thermal treatment can achieve the solidification of heavy metals by changing the physical properties and mineral phases of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash. Taking the fly ash from an MSWI power plant in southern China as an example, this work used X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and energy calculation to study the property and leaching toxicity changes of fly ash under thermal treatment. The results showed that the leaching concentrations of Pb and Cd in fly ash exceed the standard. After thermal treatment at 200-1100°C, the leaching concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Zn first increased and then decreased, while the leaching concentrations of Cr and Cr (VI) constantly increased. Calcium compounds in fly ash gradually decomposed and formed new calcium salts. However, due to the low silicon content, fly ash cannot form an obvious glass body. NaCl and KCl converted heavy metal oxides into chlorides, increasing their solubility while also causing their evaporation at high temperatures. Cr(III) reacted with alkaline substances and was oxidized, resulting in an increasing leaching concentration. This work enhances the understanding of the underlying mechanism of MSWI fly ash thermal treatment and guides the innocuous and beneficial disposal of fly ash.
Synthesis of La2(WO4)3/g-C3N4 and Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline
Authors: Xie Yuqi , Zhang Sini , Liang Wenjing , Long Jinqiao , Cui Liansheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The overuse of tetracycline antibiotics has brought serious threats to human health and ecological environment. Therefore, it is imperative to find efficient methods to degrade tetracycline. In this paper, La2(WO4)3/g-C3N4 was synthesized to investigate its photocatalytic degradation effect for tetracythe. The melamine was used as raw material and g-C3N4(CN) blue phosphor was synthesized by pyrolysis technology. La2(WO4)3 (LWO) was synthesized by high temperature solid phase method, and a composite photocatalyst La2(WO4)3-7%CN(LWO-CN) was prepared by precipitation adsorption reaction. The composition, structure and band gap of the phosphor were tested by X-ray diffraction, SEM, TEM and ultraviolet diffuse reflection. Using tetracycline as the degradation target, the catalytic degradation activity of (LWO-CN) under ultraviolet irradiation was studied. The results show that the catalytic activity of LWO-CN is superior to that of LWO. When the amount of composite catalyst is 10 mg, the ultraviolet irradiation time is 90 min, and the concentration of tetracycline hydrochloride is 5 mg/L, the degradation efficiency of tetracycline by LWO-CN is 89.49%, which has a good application prospect.
Arctic Glacial Lake Area Changes and Its Influencing Factors Under Climate Change: A Case Study of Southwest Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Wang Hui , Chen Xiang , Chen Jue , Yi Min 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Glacial lakes are an important component of ice sheet response to climate change. To understand the effect of climate change on glacial lakes, we studied the change characteristics of the glacial lake area, the spatial distribution of glacial lakes, the inter-annual variation of temperature and precipitation and their relationship with the glacial lake pattern in the Greenland ice sheet. The results showed that the area of glacial lakes in the southwest of the Greenland ice sheet increased from 2000 to 2019. The proportion of glacial lake area was relatively small in the low altitude area near the coast, while the proportion of glacial lake area was gradually increasing in the high altitude area of the ice sheet. During this period, the temperature in the study area showed an overall upward trend, but the regional precipitation fluctuated greatly. From 2000-2019, glacial lakes in the southwest of the Greenland ice sheet had a strong response to temperature, but a weak response to regional precipitation. In this study, the interannual variation of the glacial lake area and the influencing factors are more accurately studied by the remote sensing method, which can provide the scientific basis for understanding global climate change and its potential impact on glacial lakes.
A novel theoretical model framework for the 3D CdZnTe drift strip detector
Authors: Istatiadis E. , Kuvvetli I. , Owe S.R.H. , Cherlin A. , Budtz-Jørgensen C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Advances in data analysis and model prediction offer new potential for enhancing radiation measurement technologies, particularly in detector characterization and real-time signal analysis. A key challenge is creating realistic detector models that accurately describe the complex physical processes of photon-matter interaction, signal formation including material characteristics, and measurement to enhance design optimization and detector physics understanding. This research study introduces the development of an Advanced Theoretical Detector Model (ATDM) framework to evaluate the physical effects of charge diffusion, repulsion, and trapping, enabling the generation of realistic detector-specific signals through model prediction. Using physics simulations, the ATDM geometry, material properties, electric fields, and electrode weighting potentials are modeled for the DTU Space large-area (16 cm2) 3D CZT drift strip detectors. The simulations are based on the adjoint equations method, which when applied to the charge continuity equation allows deriving a description of underlying Charge Induction Efficiency (CIE) in the model. This allows for precise 3D mapping of induced charge at any time or interaction position. Additionally, Monte Carlo simulations generate recoiled photo-electron trajectories in CZT, which, combined with simulations of their propagation and secondary scattering processes yield a realistic charge cloud distribution. Model verification is achieved through experiments using narrow slit-beam illumination from a 137Cs source, measuring pulse shapes in the 40×40×5 mm3 detector modules with 69 readout channels. The ATDM framework, applicable to various detector types, successfully captures experimental data, offering insights into the pulse shape formation, timing, and intrinsic detector parameters that could guide future electrode configuration optimization and on the fly photon-by-photon measurements. The results also suggest a potential for electron tracking capability in 3D CZT drift strip electrodes, an exciting development that could significantly advance polarimetry and Compton imaging instruments for the future high-energy missions.
CPG-based neural control of peristaltic planar locomotion in an earthworm-like robot: evaluation of nonlinear oscillators
Authors: Zhou Qinyan , Jia Peisen , Fang Hongbin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Earthworm-like robots have excellent locomotion capability in confined environments. Central pattern generator (CPG) based controllers utilize the dynamics of coupled nonlinear oscillators to spontaneously generate actuation signals for all segments, which offer significant merits over conventional locomotion control strategies. There are a number of oscillators that can be exploited for CPG control, while their performance in controlling peristaltic locomotion has not been systematically evaluated. To advance the state of the art, this study comprehensively evaluates the performance of four widely used nonlinear oscillators—Hopf, Van der Pol (VDP), Matsuoka, and Kuramoto—in controlling the planar locomotion of metameric earthworm-like robots. Specifically, the amplitude and phase characteristics of the continuous control signals used by the robot for achieving rectilinear, sidewinding, and arcuate locomotion are first summarized. On this basis, the sufficient parametric conditions for the four oscillator networks to generate the corresponding control signals are derived. Using a six-segment earthworm-like robot prototype as a platform, experiments confirm that the signals output by these oscillator networks can effectively control the robot to achieve the specified planar motion. Furthermore, the effects of the output signal waveforms of different oscillator networks on locomotion trajectories and performance metrics, as well as the effects of transient dynamics on the smoothness of gait transitions when the parameters are varied, are analyzed. The results demonstrate that their applicability varies in terms of locomotion efficiency, trajectory modulation, and smooth gait transitions. The Matsuoka oscillator lacks explicit rules for parameter modulation, the VDP oscillator is advantageous in enhancing the average speed and turning efficiency, and the Hopf and Kuramoto oscillators are advantageous in terms of smooth gait transition. These findings provide valuable insights into the selection of appropriate oscillators in CPG-based controllers and lay the foundation for future CPG-based adaptive control of earthworm-like robots in complex environments.
ζ-function for a model with spectral dependent boundary conditions
Authors: Falomir Horacio , Loewe Marcelo , Muñoz Enrique , Cristóbal Rojas Juan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We explore the meromorphic structure of the ζ-function associated with the boundary eigenvalue problem of a modified Sturm–Liouville operator subject to spectral-dependent boundary conditions at one end of a segment of length l. We find that it presents isolated simple poles that follow the general rule valid for second-order differential operator subject to standard local boundary conditions. We employ our results to evaluate the determinant of the operator and the Casimir energy of the system it describes, and study its dependence on l for both the massive and the massless cases.
Distribution of sukun (Artocarpus Communis Forst) in conjunction with altitude and type of edaphic in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Utomo Budi , Lerina Maesy , Kartadinata Emmy Harso , Fauzia Lily 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The annual decrease in paddy fields causes Indonesia’s dependence on rice imports from other countries to continue to increase. Likewise, dependence on Indonesian wheat commodities continues to increase as a result of the increasing population. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative carbohydrates to replace rice and wheat. One of the producers of carbohydrates from woody trees is breadfruit (Artocarpus communis Forst) therefore, to see the suitability of its growth at various altitudes, research is needed. The study was conducted in 30 villages in 10 districts in North Sumatra Province to gather information about the growth of breadfruit in the region and its possibility to be cultivated as a greening plant in the forests of North Sumatra. The study was conducted using a descriptive method, namely determining the location based on the difference in altitude between 0-1,100 metres above sea level in areas that represent the edaphic and climatic conditions in this province. Data were taken in the form of primary data and secondary data through questionnaires and literature studies. The sampling method was carried out using a purposive sampling technique. The results of the study showed that in North Sumatra, breadfruit was found in agricultural land or yards. Breadfruit was not found in forest areas or used as fruit plantations specifically. Breadfruit spreads and grows well from lowlands with an altitude of 5 m above sea level to an altitude of 1,100 m above sea level. There is no difference in growth quality across all heights of breadfruit trees. However, breadfruit is not found growing on peatlands.
Simulation of subgrade layer model at laboratory modified compaction works in determining CBR value on stabilized expansive soil
Authors: Maha Agung Putera Agung , Sutikno  , Rouf Hasan Muhammad Fathur , Nurfitria Aida , Sedayu Agung , Salim Zaindra Fakhri , Susilo Adi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There are many problems regarding expansive soils, including some influences such as swelling and/or shrinkage, fluctuation of water content, etc., to California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value during a compaction process. The research aims to stabilize expansive soil using a sand layer insulated by geotextile (G) or ordinary plastic (OP) to reduce the swelling potential on the predicted CBR value. The simulation compaction process using a modified compaction test (ASTM D 1557-07) at the laboratory was carried out layer by layer as a basis for implementing the highway subgrade. Laboratory simulation used two model layers, these are: firstly, 3 (three) layers type: expansive soil + sand + expansive soil; secondly, 5 (five) layers type: sand + expansive soil + sand + expansive soil + sand. G1/OP1 to G4/OP4 indicated the number of geotextile and/or ordinary plastic installed for both models, where G1/OP1 meant 1 (one) layer of geotextile (G) or ordinary plastic (OP), and so on. Laboratory test results show that average value of CBR of the original soil was 7.91%, with swelling potential closing to 14.42%, and could be classified as high swelling potential. All values of swelling potential from laboratory simulation using 5 (five) layers were better than 3 (three) layers. Generally, combining additional sand-geotextile or ordinary plastic material can help stabilize expansive soil. Laboratory simulation of 5 layers with additional geotextile or ordinary plastic is not only in increasing the CBR value on formation G2/OP1 but also in reducing of swelling potential on formation G2/OP4.
Analysis of redesigning 3 axis motor control using arduino mega on a CNC milling machine unit
Authors: Nasution Ahmad Yunus , Syah Muhammad Ibrahim , Sabri Muhammad , Sitorus Tulus Burhanuddin , Cholis Nur 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Technology is a key component of planned development. The fast-paced advancements in technology today have inevitably spurred significant growth in the manufacturing sector. Among the manufacturing industries experiencing rapid growth is the CNC milling machine sector, which is designed for cutting and drilling materials. This study aims to design a 3 Axis motor control on a CNC Milling machine using Arduino Mega. This Arduino Mega technology contributes to lightening human work because it saves movement from the machine so that it becomes efficient. On this machine, a 3 Axis motor control will be designed using a circuit board called Arduino Mega. The circuit board material used comes from environmentally friendly materials and can be recycled so that it does not produce waste that can pollute the environment.
Estimation of biomass and carbon storage of Pinus merkusii for ecological sustainability at the Sipinsur Geosite Ecotourism
Authors: Latifah Siti , Fachrudin Khaira Amalia , Fadhilla Suri , Nurrochmat Dodik Ridho , Simanjuntak Anggiat 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Pinus merkusii trees that dominate the Sipinsur Geosite Ecotourism Area, apart from absorbing carbon for their natural growth, are thought to have the ability to reduce CO2, heat energy, and other pollutants released into the air. The total carbon captured by pine trees can be estimated quantitatively in the form of biomass. This research aims to calculate the biomass and carbon storage of P. merkusii trees in the Sipinsur Geosite Tourism area covering an area of 4.23 ha. The research was carried out by census of P. merkusii individuals using non-destructive methods. Data was analyzed using the selected Allometric Equation B = 0.1900 x D2.2730 which was developed to calculate Pine biomass storage. The research results show that from 1,293 pine trees, the estimated total standing biomass storage is 994.82 tons and carbon reserves are 467.57 tons. This implies that pine trees can be planted in areas that release a lot of pollutants to reduce CO2 levels, heat energy, and other pollutant storage. The existence of merkusii pine stands functions as a natural sustainability. Apart from its natural beauty as a tourist attraction, this tourist area also plays a role in reducing the impact of global warming through the presence of forest vegetation.
Natural dyes of Purun crafts materials and their effect on fibre dimension and derivative dimensions
Authors: Batubara Ridwanti , Chery Shafira Chairunnisa , Nuryawan Arif , Amalasari Nisa Inayah , Risnasari Iwan , Manurung Harisyah , Basyuni Mohammad , Affandi Oding , Hakim Luthfi , Winarni Ina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Purun is is commonly used in crafts like mats, hats, and tissue boxes, but synthetic dyes used in these products have negative environmental impacts. This research aims to study the use of natural dyes in purun fibre Natural dyes were extracted using distilled water and 96% ethanol from purple sweet potato, turmeric, and mango leaves. Purun was treated with 2% natural dyes and dyes mixed with 5% vinegar acid, then dried to observe color changes and assess the effect on fiber dimensions. Extraction yields ranged from 10% to 16%, with no significant differences between dyes with or without vinegar acid. However, vinegar acid increased color intensity. Results showed that natural dyes significantly affected fiber length, diameter, and wall thickness. Dyed purun fibers retained good potential for use in crafts, demonstrating that natural dyes offer an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic options.
Productivity of Aren (Arenga longipes Mogea) in Rumah Sumbul Village, Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang Regency
Authors: Manurung Harisyah , Batubara Ridwanti , Purba Romaulina Br 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Aren (Arenga longipes Mogea) is a Non-Timber Forest Product utilized by the community in Rumah Sumbul Village, Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang Regency. This village produces a lot of sap and tuak. The aim of this study was to identify aren palm species, economic value of aren palm utilization and productivity of aren palm sap in Rumah Sumbul Village. Morphological identification of plants was used to confirm the type of aren palm species. Multi-benefits were identified based on interviews through questionnaires. The type of aren palm developed by the community is A. longipes. Sap productivity was calculated based on daily production correlated with palm morphology. The community utilized aren palm plants in the form of household scale uses are: roots as traditional massage oil, trunks as construction, kolang-kaling used in Eid al-Fitr and New Year, leaves as animal feed and broom sticks, palm fiber as a water filtration system, palm fiber brooms and roofs of traditional Karo houses and sap processed into sap drinks, tuak and sugar. The utilization of aren palm with economic value in the form of products includes: sap (Rp 7,000-Rp 15,000), printed sugar (Rp 5,000), aren palm ant sugar (Rp 30,000) and tuak (Rp 7,000).
Antifungal activity of Cinnamomum iners bark extract against Schizophyllum commune
Authors: Arif Astuti , Bachtiar Jusniar , Syahidah  
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Plants contain various bioactive compounds that benefit humans and the environment, such as antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, cytotoxic, amylase inhibitor, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, biopesticide, and antifungal. This study aims to analyze the antifungal activity of teja lawang (Cinnamomum iners) bark extract against the wood-decaying fungi Schizophyllum commune. The bark powder samples with a 40-60 mesh size came from three trees with a diameter of approximately 30 cm growing at the Forest Education of Hasanuddin University. The powder was extracted with methanol and acetone, followed by successive fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. The effectiveness of antifungal activity was determined based on the Antifungal Activity (AFA) value, with testing patterned in a completely randomized design for six treatments at two concentrations, namely 50 ppm and 100 ppm. The results showed that acetone and methanol extract yields were 6.39% and 3.52%, respectively. Adding extract and its fractions to PDA media can inhibit the growth of S. commune with an AFA index ranging from 64% to 100%, categorized as strong to very strong. The C. iners bark extract has significant potential as a biocontrol agent for the fungus S. commune.