bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gendering and Constructing Violence in Ellen McLaughlin's Ajax in Iraq
Authors: Barrak Thamir Saad , Salih Elaff Ghanim 
Published: March 2024

Objective: This study examines the reality of women soldiers’ violence in Ellen McLaughlin’s Ajax in Iraq and argues that women soldiers—like men—can be perpetrators of violence.
Methods: The study is conducted in light of Judith Butler’s concept of performativity as theorized in her book Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (1990). In relation to Butler’s theorization, which assumes that gender is a social construct, the characters’ violent acts and behaviors are analyzed in order to explore men and women soldiers’ violence.
Results: The study shows that the behaviors of the female soldier in the play go beyond the binary narrative of gender performance as well as the social construction of violence. This portrayal of violent acts suggests that acts of violence are de-gendered and that both men and women can be both victims and perpetrators of violence.
Conclusions: The study concludes that acts of violence of military women are re-gendered and de-constructed through women’s performance in the play. It also shows that women soldiers’ behaviors are affected by women’s cultural and social environments, a situation which indicates that the binary system of understanding violence fuels inequality between the genders.
The Grammatical Stance of the Authors of Hawashi Kitab As-Sibawayh Toward his Opinion on the Grammatical Indication of Dual and the Plural of the Masculine Noun
Authors: Al-Kubeisi Ahmed Shaaban Rajab Raheem , Hussein Abdullah Hameed 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: The research aims to assess the stance of advanced scholars towards Sibawayh's views, examining their agreement or disagreement and the subsequent impact on later grammarians. The goal is to contribute to the enrichment of grammatical studies in general.
Methods: The study employs a descriptive and analytical approach to discuss the issue. It presents the attitudes of grammarians towards Sibawayh's statements, scrutinizing and favoring the strong ones while rejecting the weak ones. The grammatical position according to Sibawayh's statements is examined, comparing them with the views of commentators and other grammarians who supported or contradicted him. The grammarians' perspectives are carefully documented, even if not found in their available books, indicating sources with phrases such as "attributed to" when applicable.
Results: Sibawayh's opinions on the parsing of the dual and the sound masculine plural were diverse, reflecting more than one perspective. After careful examination, it becomes evident that his understanding was either incorrect or subject to misconceptions. The correct interpretation, as deduced from his statements, indicates parsing with letters in the nominative, accusative, and genitive cases. However, the scholars who wrote annotations (Al Hawashi) contradicted Sibawayh's opinion and offered corrections.
Conclusion: Establishing a clear stance for any grammarian, especially someone of Sibawayh's stature, on grammatical issues holds significant importance, given the potential impact on the grammar lesson. The research recommends a thorough investigation of Sibawayh's opinions from his own works or those of respected grammarians.
Moderation of the Narrative Discourse and Historical Authenticity in William Faulkner's ABSALOM, ABSALOM!
Authors: Mohammed Marwan Kadhim , Farhan Mohammed Deraa 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: The study aims to introduce Faulkner's concept of moderation in narrative discourse and its relationship to historical authenticity, to determine how this concept is embodied in the structure and the language of the novel. The study also aims to show how Faulkner's novel Absalom, Absalom! Reflects aspects of historical authenticity by employing the concept of moderation as a basis for balance in narrative discourse.
Methods: Fisher and Ravizza's theory of responding to moderate reasons was chosen as the theoretical framework for the study. The descriptive analytical method was used to analyze selected texts from Faulkner’s novel Absalom, Absalom! to investigate how moderation and historical authenticity are embodied in the narrative discourse of that novel. The results obtained from the analysis were then compared with Fisher and Ravizza's theory to highlight the relationships between the concepts of moderation and historical authenticity and how each influences the other.
Results: The concept of moderation is evident in highlighting important aspects of historical authenticity. The narrative discourse relies on historical authenticity as as a crucial foundation for achieving a balance, effectively influencing the portrayal of the concept of moderation. Faulkner's narrative discourse is closely associated with historical authenticity. Balance is achieved in the novel by embodying the concepts of moderation and historical authenticity.
Conclusions: Faulkner reformulates the narrative discourse of the concept of moderation with historical authenticity that leads him to strengthen the spirit of tolerance as an essential component of the balance of that discourse.
Musykilah At-Thulab fi Ta'alum Al-Lughah Al-Arabiyah Li al-Fashl At-Tahdiri bi Jamiah Darussalam Gontor / Student Problems in Learning Arabic In the Matriculation Class at Darussalam Gontor University
Authors: Suryadarma Yoke , Ismail Moh. , FahrulRozi Muhammad 
Published: March 2024

This research aims to analyze student problems in learning Arabic in Arabic matriculation class at Darussalam Gontor University, Siman Campus in the 2022-2023 academic year. The result of this research is that two basic problems were founded in student’s problems in learning Arabic in the matriculation class, are linguistic problems such as a) lack of student understanding of the lessons that have been delivered by the teacher, b) lack of student’s writing on Arabic, c) lack of student’s memorization on Arabic vocabulary. And non-linguistic problems such: as a) lack of student motivation in learning Arabic, b) The decrease in Arabic-language textbooks among students, etc. Based on the results of the study, the researcher suggests that the parties involved with students, especially Arabic language teachers, pay attention to the seriousness of student learning and give them continuous motivation in learning Arabic so that they are motivated to continue learning Arabic and able to communicate with it in their daily lives. This research naturally made a high contribution to spreading the knowledge that there are problems in learning Arabic from the student’s side that are not only linguistic but also non-linguistic.المستخلص: يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحليل مشكلات الطلاب في تعلم اللغة العربية في الفصل التحضيري بجامعة دار السلام، الحرم سيمان، في العام الدراسي 2022-2023. وتوصلت نتيجة هذا البحث إلى وجود مشكلتين أساسيتين في مشكلات الطلاب في تعلم اللغة العربية في هذا الفصل، وهما: المشكلات اللغوية مثل: (أ) قلة فهم الطلاب للدروس التي قدمها المعلم، (ب) نقصان قدرة الطلاب في الكتابة العربية ، (ج) قلة حفظ الطلاب لمفردات العربية. والمشكلات غير اللغوية مثل: (أ) قلة دافعية الطلاب في تعلم اللغة العربية، (ب) نقصان الكتب المقررة باللغة العربية لدي الطلاب، وغيرها. استنادًا إلى نتائج البحث، يقترح الباحث للأطراف المعنية بالطلاب، وخاصة معلمي اللغة العربية، ينبغي أن يولوا اهتمامًا لجدية تعلم الطلاب وأن يقدموا لهم دافعية مستمرة في تعلم اللغة العربية حتى يكون لديهم النشاط لمواصلة تعلم اللغة العربية والقدرة على التواصل بها في حياتهم اليومية. وأسهمت هذه الدراسة بشكل طبيعي في نشر المعرفة بأن هناك مشكلات في تعلم اللغة العربية من جانب الطلاب ليست مشكلات لغوية فحسب، بل إنما مشكلات غير لغوية أيضًا.
Motivasi Mahasiswa Berwirausaha Online (Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Pendidikan Luar Sekolah Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Gorontalo)
Authors: Herman Nur Rian Fitriani , Djibu Rusdin , Zubaidi Mohamad , Anu Zulkarnain 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan motivasi mahasiswa berwirausaha online di jurusan pendidikan luar sekolah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Deskriptif dengan pendekatan Kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa yang menjalankan usaha online. Dan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik Observasi, Wawancara, dan Dokumentasi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Motivasi Mahasiswa Berwirausaha Online di jurusan Pendidikan Luar Sekolah mendapat dua hal yang mendorong mahasiswa dalam berbisnis online yaitu faktor internal dalam berwirausaha online sangat berpengaruh pada mahasiswa yang menjalankan bisnis online diantaranya ekspetasi pendapatan dan toleransi atas resiko. Dan faktor eksternal yang juga cukup memberikan pengaruh kepada mahasiswa dalam berwirausaha online diantaranya dukungan keluarga, kesiapan instrumentasi, dan pendidikan kewirausahaan.
Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik Paket C di SKB Kota Gorontalo
Authors: H. Saleh Abd. Rahman , Zubaidi Mohamad , Djuko Rapi Us. , Anu Zulkarnain 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang mendeskripsikan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik Paket C di SKB Kota Gorontalo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik Paket C. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik Paket C yang berjumlah 155 siswa sedangkan pengambilan sampel penelitian dengan teknik Sampling Insidental berjumlah 31 siswa.
Hasil penelitian yang dianalisis persentase menunjukkan bahwa dari motivasi belajar peserta didik paket Cdiperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: tertarik pada guru dengan persentase 72,92% berada pada kategori sedang, tertarik pada mata pelajaran yang diajarkan dengan persentase 66,38% pada kategori sedang, indikator mempunyai antusias yang tinggi serta menggendalikan perhatiaanya terutama kepada guru dengan persentase 71,64% pada kategori sedang, dan selalu mengingat pelajaran dan mempelajarinya kembali dengan persentase 74,84% pada kategori sedang. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa motivasi belajar peserta didik Paket C di SKB Kota Gorontalo sudah berada di kategori kurang baik. Untuk itu disarankan: 1) Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat memberikan informasi kepada pihak Jurusan Pendidikan Luar Sekolah Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Gorontalo agar dapat memberikan pemahaman kepada para guru tentang pentingnya motivasi belajar siswa, 2) Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat dijadikan bahan informasi dan masukan guna memperluas pengetahuan dan pemahaman bagi motivasi belajar siswa baik kepada pimpinan SKB Kota Gorontalo, dan 3) Harapan peneliti skripsi ini dapat menambah wawasan bagi peneliti lain untuk melakukan penelitian lanjutan khususnya pada motivasi belajar siswa serta dapat menambahkan teori-teori baru yang dapat mendukung dan memperbaharui penelitian.
Analisis Nilai Tambah dan Strategi Pengembangan Agroindustri Keripik Kentang di Kabupaten Tuban
Authors: Fadhilah Nurrahmawati Siti , Hendrarini Hamidah , Setyadi Taufik 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Potatoes undergo processing to create a product, specifically potato chips, which represents a strategic business development to enhance their recognition among consumers, ensuring that the sales turnover remains consistent and continually optimizing performance. This study's primary objective is to assess the value added by potato chips as a raw material, necessitating an added value analysis to gauge the efficiency and profitability of the operation, including the "Kemala Sukma" potato chips agro-industry situated in Ngemplak Village, Tuban Regency. Data for the research encompassed business owners, employees, and consumers, with a sample size of 40 respondents determined through a census of business owners and employees as per the author's specifications. The utilized method for added value analysis is the Hayami Method, which yielded an added value of IDR 177,289,- from the potato chips agro-industry, resulting in a value-added ratio of 62.18%, categorizing it as high, exceeding the 40% threshold. The profit earned by the agro-industry players amounted to IDR 103,489,- with a profit ratio of 88.23%. Additionally, the strategy for developing the internal environment within the Kemala Sukma potato chips agro-industry encompasses two components: strengths and weaknesses, each with associated variables. Simultaneously, the external environment considers the opportunities and threats confronted by the potato chips agro-industry.

KEY WORDS : Added Value, Hayami Method, Profit, Development Strategy
Akronim dalam Kolom Komentar Group Facebook Lowongan Kerja Ende Flores
Authors: Dhapa Dominika , Bata Falentinus 
Published: March 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah, mendeskripsikan bentuk akronim pada kolom komentar dalam grup facebook lowongan kerja Ende Flores. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kepustakaan. Metode kepustakaan adalah kegiatan untuk menghimpun informasi yang relevan dengan topik atau masalah yang menjadi obyek penelitian. Apa yang disebut dengan riset kepustakaan atau sering disebut juga studi pustaka, ialah serangkaian kegiatan yang berkenaan dengan metode pengumpulan data pustaka membaca, mencatat, serta mengolah bahan penelitian. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik baca, teknik catat, dan teknik screenshoot. Sedangkan teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori Morfologi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat beberapa bentuk akronim dalam berbagai pola yang ditemukan dalam kolom komentar dalam grup facebook lowongan kerja Ende Flores yakni, Akronim (nama diri yang diambil huruf awal dari setiap kata yang membentuknya ditulis seluruh dengan huruf kapital, dan akronim yang bukan nama diri yang berupa gabungan huruf, suku kata, ataupun gabungan huruf dan kata dari deret kata seluruhnya ditulis dengan huruf kecil).
Facilitation and interference are asymmetric in holistic face processing
Authors: Jin Haiyang , Ji Luyan , Cheung Olivia S. , Hayward William G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA hallmark of face specificity is holistic processing. It is typically measured by paradigms such as the part–whole and composite tasks. However, these tasks show little evidence for common variance, so a comprehensive account of holistic processing remains elusive. One aspect that varies between tasks is whether they measure facilitation or interference from holistic processing. In this study, we examined facilitation and interference in a single paradigm to determine the way in which they manifest during a face perception task. Using congruent and incongruent trials in the complete composite face task, we found that these two aspects are asymmetrically influenced by the location and cueing probabilities of the target facial half, suggesting that they may operate somewhat independently. We argue that distinguishing facilitation and interference has the potential to disentangle mixed findings from different popular paradigms measuring holistic processing in one unified framework.
Knowledge and attitude about covid-19 Vaccination in pregnant women at Baqai Medical University
Authors: Akram Dr. Saadia , Naheed Farrukh , Ali Nazish , Qamar Naila , Liaquat Farah , Ahsan Nikhat 
Published: March 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women about Covid 19 vaccination.
Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 1st May 2022 to 30th November 2022 at OPD of Gynecology &Obstetric, Fatima Hospital, Baqai Medical University. This survey included women age 18-40 years seeking antenatal care through OPD and all pregnant women who were coming in emergency in active labour were excluded. A Pre-validated questionnaire was used in this study. Data was entered and statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Categorical variables were described using frequencies and percentages. Cross tabulation was done by using Chi-square test to assess the association between the respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics and their willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result: Frequency of participants response to knowledge questions’56% had history of Covid 19 infection prior to pregnancy and conception.62% were vaccinated with vaccine other than Covid vaccine.65.8% did not receive Covid vaccine and upon asking if they are willing to receive ,only 27% answered positively.
Conclusion: The study found that more than half of pregnant women were unable to receive Covid 19 vaccination more likely due to lack of awareness regarding the safety of vaccination during pregnancy.
Comparison of the efficacy of 75 mg aspirin versus 150 mg aspirin for prevention of preeclampsia in patients at high risk for preeclampsia
Authors: Bushra Dr. Natasha , Dr. Wardah Saeed  , Dr. Tayyaba Rashid  , Dr. Mahwish Iqbal  
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia is a significant contributor to maternal health challenges. Emphasizing prevention over cure is a guiding principle in healthcare. As a reliable measure to forestall hypertension and its associated complications during pregnancy, aspirin is widely embraced. The early identification of risk factors plays a crucial role in the primary prevention of preeclampsia. Post-risk stratification, aspirin emerges as a pivotal player in the preventive strategy for individuals identified as high-risk for pre-eclampsia. To assess the effectiveness of 75 mg aspirin against 150 mg aspirin in preventing preeclampsia among individuals identified as having a high risk for the condition.
METHODOLOGY: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Services Hospital, Lahore, from 27-12-2019 to 27-6-2020.240 patients were enrolled in the study, which was later divided into two groups. Group A received treatment with 75 mg aspirin, while Group B was administered 150 mg aspirin. Efficacy was determined based on whether blood pressure levels were below 140/90 mmHg, and proteinuria was rated as <+1 using the dipstick method.
RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 28.54±6.83 years, and the mean gestational age of the patients was 15.30±1.69 weeks. In the 75 mg group, the efficacy was achieved in 94(78.3%) patients, whereas in the 150 mg group, the efficacy was achieved in 108(90.0%) patients (p-value=0.013).
CONCLUSION: This study concludes that the efficacy of 150 mg aspirin significantly surpasses that of 75 mg aspirin in preventing preeclampsia among high-risk pregnant patients.
JWST MIRI MRS Observations of T Cha: Discovery of a Spatially Resolved Disk Wind
Authors: Bajaj Naman S. , Pascucci Ilaria , Gorti Uma , Alexander Richard , Sellek Andrew , Morrison Jane , Gaspar Andras , Clarke Cathie , Xie Chengyan , Ballabio Giulia , Deng Dingshan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Understanding when and how circumstellar disks disperse is crucial to constrain planet formation and migration. Thermal winds powered by high-energy stellar photons have long been theorized to drive disk dispersal. However, evidence for these winds is currently based only on small (∼3–6 km s−1) blueshifts in [Ne ii] 12.81 μm lines, which does not exclude MHD winds. We report JWST MIRI MRS spectro-imaging of T Cha, a disk with a large dust gap (∼30 au in radius) and blueshifted [Ne ii] emission. We detect four forbidden noble gas lines, [Ar ii], [Ar iii], [Ne ii], and [Ne iii], of which [Ar iii] is the first detection in any protoplanetary disk. We use line flux ratios to constrain the energy of the ionizing photons and find that argon is ionized by extreme ultraviolet, whereas neon is most likely ionized by X-rays. After performing continuum and point-spread function subtraction on the integral field unit cube, we discover a spatial extension in the [Ne ii] emission off the disk continuum emission. This is the first spatially resolved [Ne ii] disk wind emission. The mostly ionic spectrum of T Cha, in combination with the extended [Ne ii] emission, points to an evolved stage for any inner MHD wind and is consistent with the existence of an outer thermal wind ionized and driven by high-energy stellar photons. This work acts as a pathfinder for future observations aiming at investigating disk dispersal using JWST.
Modeling of Radio Supernovae: Including the Effects of Inhomogeneities and Radiative Cooling
Authors: Björnsson C.-I. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The presence of inhomogeneities in a spatially unresolved source is often hard to establish. This limits the accuracy with which the source properties can be determined. It is shown how observed features not expected for a homogeneous model can be used to infer the properties of the inhomogeneities in radio supernovae. Furthermore, the observed consequences of radiative cooling can be seriously affected by inhomogeneities. It is shown that the deduced source properties are very sensitive to the observed value of the cooling frequency; even a lower limit is often useful to constrain its characteristics. It is argued that the main synchrotron emission region in SN 2003L has a small volume filling factor, possibly as low as a few percent. On the contrary, deviations from homogeneity are substantially smaller in SN 2002ap. The observed properties of Type Ib/c radio supernovae in general indicate the volume filling factor to remain rather constant with time for individual sources, but those peaking later at radio frequencies have lower filling factors. The conditions in the main synchrotron component in both SN 2003L and SN 2002ap are consistent with equipartition of energy between relativistic electrons and magnetic fields.
Dust Polarization of Prestellar and Protostellar Sources in OMC-3
Authors: Liu Yuhua , Takahashi Satoko , Machida Masahiro , Tomisaka Kohji , Girart Josep Miquel , Ho Paul T. P. , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Sato Asako 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of linearly polarized 1.1 mm continuum emission at ∼0.″14 (55 au) resolution and CO (J = 2−1) emission at ∼1.″5 (590 au) resolution toward one prestellar (MMS 4), four Class 0 (MMS 1, MMS 3, MMS 5, and MMS 6), one Class I (MMS 7), and one flat-spectrum (MMS 2) sources in the Orion Molecular Cloud 3 region. The dust disk-like structures and clear CO outflows are detected toward all sources except for MMS 4. The diameters of these disk-like structures, ranging from 16 to 97 au, are estimated based on the deconvolved full width half maximum (FWHM) values obtained from the multi-Gaussian fitting. Polarized emissions are detected toward MMS 2, MMS 5, MMS 6, and MMS 7, while no polarized emission is detected toward MMS 1, MMS 3, and MMS 4. MMS 2, MMS 5, and MMS 7 show organized polarization vectors aligned with the minor axes of the disk-like structures, with mean polarization fractions ranging from 0.6% to 1.2%. The strongest millimeter source, MMS 6, exhibits complex polarization orientations and a remarkably high polarization fraction of ∼10% around the Stokes I peak, and 15%–20% on the arm-like structure, as reported by Takahashi et al. (2019). The origins of the polarized emission, such as self-scattering and dust alignment due to the magnetic field or radiative torque, are discussed for individual sources. Some disk-like sources exhibit a polarized intensity peak shift toward the nearside of the disk, which supports that the polarized emission originates from self-scattering.