bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional vibration characteristics of the permanent magnet–HTSC magnetic bearing
Authors: Ohashi Shunsuke 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe three‐dimensional vibration of the rotor in a permanent magnet– HTSC magnetic bearing system is studied. We have developed a magnetic bearing system which can revolve at up to 12,000 rpm, and three‐dimensional vibration of the rotor is measured with laser displacement sensors. To consider the rotor vibration in a mechanical resonance state, the static lateral and vertical pinning forces of the magnetic bearing are measured. The results are used to obtain the resonant frequency. There are two factors in the mechanical resonance caused by the magnetic bearing. One is the lateral equivalent spring coefficient and the other is the vertical equivalent spring coefficient. The influence of mechanical resonance caused by the lateral spring coefficient is large, and that of the vertical one is small. The three‐dimensional vibration of the rotor position around the mechanical resonant frequency is measured. Because the revolution of the rotor increases the lateral force to the center, the resonant frequency obtained in a free revolution experiment is larger than that obtained from pinning force measurement. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(3): 58–64, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20586
High‐performance pMOSFETs with high Ge fraction strained SiGe‐heterostructure channel and ultrashallow source/drain formed by selective B‐doped SiGe CVD
Authors: Takehiro Shinobu , Sakuraba Masao , Murota Junichi , Tsuchiya Toshiaki 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe improvement of current drivability and short‐channel effect is very important for ultrasmall MOS device technology. SiGe‐channel pMOSFETs are one of the most promising devices because hole mobility in the SiGe layers is enhanced. In the previous work, it has been reported that Super Self‐aligned Shallow junction Electrode (S3E) MOSFETs formed by selective B‐doped SiGe CVD are effective for the suppression of short‐channel effect. In this paper, it is clarified that the (S3E) pMOSFETs with Si0.65Ge0.35 channel are realized not only with suppression of punch‐through due to the ultrashallow B‐diffused source/drain but also with enhancement of maximum linear transconductance due to the low parasitic resistance, compared to that with the Si channel fabricated by the same process conditions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(3): 46–50, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20597
Site‐directed mutagenesis of the chemokine receptor CXCR6 suggests a novel paradigm for interactions with the ligand CXCL16
Authors: Petit Sarah J. , Chayen Naomi E. , Pease James E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractChemokine receptor CXCR6 mediates the chemotaxis and adhesion of leukocytes to soluble and membrane‐anchored forms of CXCL16, and is an HIV‐1 co‐receptor. Here, we describe the effects of mutation of acidic extracellular CXCR6 residues on receptor function. Although most CXCR6 mutants examined were expressed at levels similar to wild‐type (WT) CXCR6, an N‐terminal E3Q mutant was poorly expressed, which may explain previously reported protective effects of a similar single nucleotide polymorphism, with respect to late‐stage HIV‐1 infection. In contrast to several other chemokine receptors, mutation of the CXCR6 N terminus and inhibition of post‐translational modifications of this region were without effect on receptor function. Likewise, N‐terminal extension of CXCL16 resulted in a protein with decent potency and efficacy in chemotaxis and not, as anticipated, a CXCR6 antagonist. D176N and E274Q CXCR6 mutants were unable to interact with soluble CXCL16, suggesting a critical role for D176 and E274 in ligand binding. Intriguingly, although unable to interact with soluble CXCL16, the E274Q mutant could promote robust adhesion to membrane‐anchored CXCL16, suggesting that soluble and membrane‐bound forms of CXCL16 possess distinct conformations. Collectively, our data suggest a novel paradigm for the CXCR6:CXCL16 interaction, a finding which may impact the discovery of small‐molecule antagonists of CXCR6.
Pattern recognition of lipase‐catalyzed or chemically interesterified fat blends containing n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Pires Ana Sofia , Osório Natália M. , Nascimento Ana Cláudia , van Keulen Frederik , da Fonseca M. Manuela R. , Ferreira‐Dias Suzana 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe feasibility to discriminate among samples of different fat blends prior and after inorganic or lipase‐catalyzed interesterification, via pattern recognition techniques [principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA)], was investigated. Blends I and II, consisting of mixtures of palm stearin, palm kernel oil and a concentrate of triacylglycerols (TAG) rich in n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPAX 4510TG or EPAX 2050TG) were used. These blends, prior (64 samples) and after interesterification, catalyzed by an immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase (Lipozyme TL IM, 54 samples) or by sodium methoxide (10 samples), were characterized by their acylglycerol profiles (25 chromatographic peaks) and solid fat content (SFC) at 10, 20, 30 and 35 °C. PCA on the multivariate data (i) showed that the initial samples were characterized by higher SFC and higher contents of high‐melting TAG and (ii) suggested two separate clusters of initial and interesterified samples. DA was performed on the multivariate data to determine which of the 29 variables have discriminative power. When the 124 samples, characterized by their acylglycerols, were grouped into (i) initial and interesterified samples of blends I or II (four groups) or (ii) also by the catalyst used (six groups), 98.4% of the samples were correctly classified.
A Facile Construction of 6‐(Arylmethyl)imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐7‐ylamines from Allylamines Derived from Baylis–Hillman Adducts
Authors: Nag Somnath , Mishra Amita , Batra Sanjay 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA facile and convenient synthesis of substituted imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐7‐ylamines from the allylamine derivatives afforded by the Baylis–Hillman acetates of substituted benzaldehydes and heterocyclic aldehydes by treatment with cyanamide is described. Interestingly, the allylamines afforded by heterocyclic aldehydes, which undergo fast Baylis–Hillman reaction, were discovered to undergo a one‐pot reaction, whereas allylamines derived from all other aldehydes reacted by a two‐step procedure.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
New electrophoretic and chromatographic techniques for analysis of heparin and heparan sulfate
Authors: Viola Manuela , Vigetti Davide , Karousou Evgenia , Bartolini Barbara , Genasetti Anna , Rizzi Manuela , Clerici Moira , Pallotti Francesco , De Luca Giancarlo , Passi Alberto 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHeparin (HE) and heparan sulfated glycosaminoglycans are well‐known mediators of tissue development, maintenance and functions; the activities of these polysaccharides are depending mainly on their sulfate substitutions. The HE structure is also a very important feature in antithrombotic drug development, since the antithrombin binding site is composed by sequences of a specific sulfation pattern. The analysis of disaccharide composition is then a fundamental point of all the studies regarding HE/heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan (and thereby proteoglycan) functions. The present work describes two analytical methods to quantify the disaccharides constituting HE and heparan sulfate chains. The use of PAGE of fluorophore‐labeled saccharides and HPLC coupled with a fluorescence detector allowed in one run the identification of 90–95% of HE disaccharides and 74–100% of rat kidney purified heparan sulfate. Moreover, the protocol here reported avoid the N‐sulfation disaccharides degradation, which may affect N‐sulfated/N‐acetylated disaccharides ratio evaluation. These methods could be also very important in clinical treatments since they are useful for monitoring the availability kinetics of antithrombotic drugs, such as low‐molecular‐weight HEs.
Modification of the immobilized metal affinity electrophoresis using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Authors: Lee Bao‐Shiang , Jayathilaka G. D. Lasanthi P. , Huang Jin‐Sheng , Decresce David , Borgia Jeffrey A. , Zhou Xiaofeng , Gupta Shalini 
Published: July 2008

AbstractModification to the original immobilized metal affinity electrophoresis (IMAEP) technique is presented. SDS‐PAGE is used instead of native PAGE for improved extraction of phosphoproteins from a mixture of proteins. Protein samples treated with 2% w/v SDS instead of native sample buffer ensure that proteins are negatively charged. These negative charges on the proteins assure that the proteins migrate electrophoretically towards the anode regardless of their pI values and hence pass through the region embedded with the metal ions. Another benefit of treating proteins with SDS is that it unfolds the phosphoproteins exposing the phosphate groups to facilitate the metal‐phosphate interactions. Phosphorylated ovalbumin can only be extracted after SDS sample buffer treatment. Data show that there is no detrimental effect upon SDS treatment on the extraction of phosphoproteins from a mixture of proteins. Electrophoretic migration of phosphoproteins ceases upon encounter with metal ions like Al+3, Ti+3, Fe+3, Fe+2, and Mn+2 whereas non‐phosphorylated proteins migrate freely.
Capillary electrophoresis of complex natural polysaccharides
Authors: Volpi Nicola , Maccari Francesca , Linhardt Robert J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractComplex natural polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), are a class of ubiquitous macromolecules that exhibit a wide range of biological functions and participate and regulate multiple cellular events and (patho)physiological processes. They are generally present either as free chains (hyaluronic acid and bacterial acidic polysaccharides) or as side chains of proteoglycans (PGs; chondroitin/dermatan sulfate, heparin/heparan sulfate, and keratan sulfate) and are most often found in cell membranes and in the extracellular matrix. The recent emergence of modern analytical tools for their study has produced a virtual explosion in the field of glycomics. CE, due to its high resolving power and sensitivity, has been useful in the analysis of intact GAGs and GAG‐derived oligosaccharides and disaccharides affording concentration and structural characterization data essential for understanding the biological functions of GAGs. In this review, novel off‐line and on‐line CE‐MS and MS/MS methods for screening of GAG‐derived oligosaccharides and disaccharides will be discussed.
Interactions between thrombin and natural products of Millettia speciosa Champ. using capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Zhang Shuyu , Yin Ting , Ling Xiaomei , Liang Hong , Zhao Yuying 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn Chinese medicine Suberect Spatholobus Stem is used to treat menoxenia, blood deficiency, numb paralyses, and so on. In folk, Millettia speciosa is often used as a substitute for Suberect Spatholobus Stem in some areas but it has not been reported whether M. speciosa is the eligible substitute for Suberect Spatholobus Stem or not till now. In this study, a capillary zone electrophoretic method was applied to determinate the interactions between natural products isolated from M. speciosa Champ. and thrombin for the first time. Both qualitative and quantitative characterizations of the molecule–enzyme binding were determined. Twenty ingredients were isolated from M. speciosa Champ. and the results showed that compared with positive and negative control, the compounds YT‐1, YT‐2, YT‐3, YT‐8, YT‐9, YT‐10, YT‐11, YT‐12, YT‐14, YT‐15, YT‐16, and YT‐20 interacted with thrombin while the other eight had no binding to thrombin. The binding constants of the interaction between compounds and thrombin were calculated by the Scatchard analysis formula. Because M. speciosa contains these compounds which have different levels of anticoagulant activity, it may be the eligible substitute for Suberect Spatholobus Stem.
Influence of polymer structure on electroosmotic flow and separation efficiency in successive multiple ionic layer coatings for microchip electrophoresis
Authors: Boonsong Kanokporn , Caulum Meghan M. , Dressen Brian M. , Chailapakul Orawon , Cropek Donald M. , Henry Charles S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe effect of successive multiple ionic layer (SMIL) coatings on the velocity and direction of EOF and the separation efficiency for PDMS electrophoresis microchips was studied using different polymer structures and deposition conditions. To date, the majority of SMIL studies have used traditional CE and fused‐silica capillaries. EOF was measured as a function of polymer structure and number of layers, in one case using the same anionic polymer and varying the cationic polymer and in the second case using the same cationic polymer and varying the anionic polymer. In both situations, the EOF direction reversed with each additional deposited polymer layer. The absolute EOF magnitude, however, did not vary significantly with layer number or polymer structure. Next, different coatings were used to compare separation efficiencies on native and SMIL‐coated PDMS microchips. For native PDMS microchips, the average separation efficiency was 4105 ± 1540 theoretical plates. The addition of two layers of polymer increased the separation efficiency anywhere from two‐ to five‐fold, depending on the polymer structure. A maximum separation efficiency of 12 880 ± 1050 theoretical plates was achieved for SMIL coatings of polybrene (cationic) and dextran sulfate (anionic) polymers after deposition of six total layers. It was also noted that coating improved run‐to‐run consistency of the peaks as noted by a reduction of the RSD of the EOF and separation efficiency. This study shows that the use of polyelectrolyte coatings, irrespective of the polymer structure, generates a consistent EOF in the current experiments and dramatically improves the separation efficiency when compared to unmodified PDMS microchips.
Functional significance of retrieval‐related activity in lateral parietal cortex: Evidence from fMRI and ERPs
Authors: Vilberg Kaia L. , Rugg Michael D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe present study addressed the question whether neural activity in left lateral parietal cortex is modulated by amount of information recollected. In two experiments (one using fMRI and the other ERPs), subjects first studied pairs of pictures presented for either 1 or 6 s. They then performed a standard “Remember/Know” recognition memory test in which the old items comprised one of the pictures from each studied pair. In both experiments, a surprise posttest indicated that subjects recollected more details about the study presentation of the items presented for the longer duration. In the fMRI experiment, recollection‐ and familiarity‐based recognition elicited activity in distinct cortical networks. Additionally, recollection‐related activity in left inferior parietal cortex was of greater magnitude for test items presented for 6 s than for 1 s. In the ERP study the “left‐parietal old/new effect”—a putative correlate of successful recollection—was likewise modulated by amount of information retrieved. Together, these findings provide further support for dual‐process models of recognition memory and add weight to the proposal that retrieval‐related activity in left inferior parietal cortex reflects processes supporting the online representation of retrieved episodic information. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parcellation‐dependent small‐world brain functional networks: A resting‐state fMRI study
Authors: Wang Jinhui , Wang Liang , Zang Yufeng , Yang Hong , Tang Hehan , Gong Qiyong , Chen Zhang , Zhu Chaozhe , He Yong 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated small‐world properties in both functional and structural brain networks that are constructed based on different parcellation approaches. However, one fundamental but vital issue of the impact of different brain parcellation schemes on the network topological architecture remains unclear. Here, we used resting‐state functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate the influences of different brain parcellation atlases on the topological organization of brain functional networks. Whole‐brain fMRI data were divided into ninety and seventy regions of interest according to two predefined anatomical atlases, respectively. Brain functional networks were constructed by thresholding the correlation matrices among the parcellated regions and further analyzed using graph theoretical approaches. Both atlas‐based brain functional networks were found to show robust small‐world properties and truncated power‐law connectivity degree distributions, which are consistent with previous brain functional and structural networks studies. However, more importantly, we found that there were significant differences in multiple topological parameters (e.g., small‐worldness and degree distribution) between the two groups of brain functional networks derived from the two atlases. This study provides quantitative evidence on how the topological organization of brain networks is affected by the different parcellation strategies applied. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional alterations of liver innate immunity of mice with aging in response to CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide
Authors: Kawabata Toshinobu , Kinoshita Manabu , Inatsu Akihito , Habu Yoshiko , Nakashima Hiroyuki , Shinomiya Nariyoshi , Seki Shuhji 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Immune functions of liver natural killer T (NKT) cells induced by the synthetic ligand α-galactosylceramide enhanced age-dependently; hepatic injury and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) induced by ligand-activated NKT cells were also enhanced. This study investigated how aging affects liver innate immunity after common bacteria DNA stimulation. Young (6 weeks) and old (50-60 weeks) C57BL/6 mice were injected with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN), and the functions of liver leukocytes were assessed. A CpG-ODN injection into the old mice remarkably increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in Kupffer cells, and MODS and lethal shock were induced, both of which are rarely seen in young mice. Old Kupffer cells showed increased Toll-like receptor-9 expression, and CpG-ODN challenge augmented TNF receptor and Fas-L expression in liver NKT cells. Experiments using mice depleted of natural killer (NK) cells by anti-asialoGM1 antibody (Ab), perforin knockout mice, and mice pretreated with neutralizing interferon (IFN)-γ Ab demonstrated the important role of liver NK cells in antitumor immunity. The production capacities of old mice for IFN-γ, IFN-α, and perforin were much lower than those of young mice, and the CpG-induced antitumor cytotoxicity of liver NK cells lessened. Lethal shock and MODS greatly decreased in old mice depleted/deficient in TNF, FasL, or NKT cells. However, depletion of NK cells also decreased serum TNF levels and FasL expression of NKT cells, which resulted in improved hepatic injury and survival, suggesting that NK cells are indirectly involved in MODS/lethal shock induced by NKT cells. Neutralization of TNF did not reduce the CpG-induced antitumor effect in the liver.

Conclusion:

Hepatic injury and MODS mediated by NKT cells via the TNF and FasL-mediated pathway after CpG injection increased, but the antitumor activity of liver NK cells decreased with aging. (Hepatology 2008.)
The angiogenic makeup of human hepatocellular carcinoma does not favor vascular endothelial growth factor/angiopoietin-driven sprouting neovascularization
Authors: Zeng Wenjiao , Gouw Annette S.H. , van den Heuvel Marius C. , Zwiers Peter J. , Zondervan Pieter E. , Poppema Sibrand , Zhang Nong , Platteel Inge , de Jong Koert P. , Molema Grietje 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Quantitative data on the expression of multiple factors that control angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are limited. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis in HCC will improve the rational choice of anti-angiogenic treatment. We quantified gene and protein expression of members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin systems and studied localization of VEGF, its receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, Angiopoietin (Ang)-1 and Ang-2, and their receptor, in HCC in noncirrhotic and cirrhotic livers. We employed real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot, and immunohistology, and compared the outcome with highly angiogenic human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). HCC in noncirrhotic and cirrhotic livers expressed VEGF and its receptors to a similar extent as normal liver, although in cirrhotic background, VEGFR-2 levels in both tumor and adjacent tissue were decreased. Ang-1 expression was slightly increased compared with normal liver, whereas Tie-2 was strongly down-regulated in the tumor vasculature. Ang-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were also low in HCCs of both noncirrhotic and cirrhotic livers, implying that VEGF-driven angiogenic sprouting accompanied by angiopoietin-driven vascular destabilization is not pronounced. In RCC, VEGF-A levels were one order of magnitude higher. At the same time, endothelially expressed Ang-2 was over 30-fold increased compared with expression in normal kidney, whereas Ang-1 expression was decreased.

Conclusion:

In hepatocellular carcinoma, tumor vascularization is not

per se

VEGF/angiopoietin driven. However, increased CD31 expression and morphological changes representative of sinusoidal capillarization in tumor vasculature indicate that vascular remodeling is taking place. This portends that therapeutic intervention of HCC at the level of the vasculature is optional, and that further studies into the molecular control thereof are warranted. (Hepatology 2008.)
Alpha-lipoic acid decreases hepatic lipogenesis through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and AMPK-independent pathways
Authors: Park Keun-Gyu , Min Ae-Kyung , Koh Eun Hee , Kim Hyoun Sik , Kim Mi-Ok , Park Hye-Sun , Kim Yong-Deuk , Yoon Tae-Seung , Jang Byoung Kuk , Hwang Jae Seok , Kim Jae Bum , Choi Hueng-Sik , Park Joong-Yeol , Lee In-Kyu , Lee Ki-Up 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Fatty liver is common in obese subjects with insulin resistance. Hepatic expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), which plays a major role in hepatic steatosis, is regulated by multiple factors, including insulin, adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK), liver X receptors (LXRs), and specificity protein 1. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring antioxidant, has been shown to decrease lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle by activating AMPK. Here we show that ALA decreases hepatic steatosis and SREBP-1c expression in rats on a high fat diet or given an LXR agonist. ALA increased AMPK phosphorylation in the liver and in cultured liver cells, and dominant-negative AMPK partially prevented ALA-induced suppression of insulin-stimulated SREBP-1c expression. ALA also inhibited DNA-binding activity and transcriptional activity of both specificity protein 1 and LXR.

Conclusion:

These results show that ALA prevents fatty liver disease through multiple mechanisms, and suggest that ALA can be used to prevent the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with insulin resistance. (Hepatology 2008.)