bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isotopic composition (H, O, Cl, Sr) of ground brines of the Siberian Platform
Authors: Alexeev S.V. , Alexeeva L.P. , Borisov V.N. , Shouakar-Stash O. , Frape S.K. , Chabaux F. , Kononov A.M. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
New data on the geochemistry and isotopic composition of chloride brines of the Siberian Platform are presented. The distribution of stable isotopes (2H, 18O, and 37Cl) in brines of the Tunguska, Angara-Lena, western part of the Yakutian and Olenek artesian basins and 87Sr/86Sr in brines of the western part of the Olenek artesian basin was studied in the context of the problem of genesis of highly mineralized groundwaters. Results of the study and comparative analysis of the geochemical and isotopic peculiarities of the Siberian Platform brines conform to the theory of brine formation through the interaction of connate waters with enclosing rocks.
Interpretation of chaotic jointing near fault planes: a new approach
Authors: Seminsky K.Zh. , Burzunova Yu.P. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
We suggest a new approach to study apparently chaotic jointing near faults of different geometries. It implies matching jointing stereograms to standard patterns developed for strike-slip, reverse, thrust, and normal faulting. The standard patterns correspond to joint triplets that regularly initiate in small rock volumes under second-order stress fields during the formation of fault zones. The approach was tested for the cases of failure in bedrock and unconsolidated sediments and showed up as an efficient tool for investigating the origin, structure, and evolution of faults.
The behavior of heavy minerals in lithostream
Authors: Akulov N.I. , Agafonov B.P. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
This study is concerned with the eolian deposits on the Baikal shore. It has been established that (1) the eolian sands are distinctly divided into two sequences: Khuzhir (Late Pleistocene) and Peschanka (Holocene); (2) the ilmenite enrichment of the sands is due to the removal of sand grains (containing mainly light minerals) by strong winds up the shore, first, from a dewatered beach zone, and then, from zones of psammitic-material transition. This leads to the concentration of ilmenite and other heavy minerals, first, within the beach zone, and then, within the zones of prevailing eolian-sand transition. The accumulation-transition zones are most enriched in heavy minerals, including ilmenite; (3) the ilmenite content in the study Ti-ore placer deposit shows a high correlation (R = 0.89) with the total content of heavy minerals.
Performance evaluation of spherical parallel platforms for humanoid robots
Authors: Saltaren Roque J. , Sabater Jose M. , Yime Eugenio , Azorin Jose M. , Aracil Rafael , Garcia Nicolas 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThis paper presents a simple methodology for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the performance of spherical parallel platforms. The quaternion formulation is used to represent the possible rotations, showing the workspace as a three-dimensional (3-D) solid object. The singularities of the platform intersect graphically with its workspace, allowing a graphical study of the mechanism kinematics. The performance criterion considered here has been the local dexterity of the manipulator. This methodology has been used to study and analyze three known orientation parallel platforms: 3-RRR, 3-UPU-wrist, and 2-UPS-1-RU. The objective of this study is to analyze the ability of these platforms to be utilized as mechanisms for the neck and shoulders of humanoid robots. Finally, the forces on actuators in some typical motions for neck and shoulder are plotted.
The Story of Sayf al-Mulūk in South Asia
Authors: Shackle Christopher 
Published: April 2007

Seyf-el-Mulook answered him, May God (whose name be exalted!) make it [thy country] ever to be honoured by thy rule, O King! And the King Faghfoor Shah said, Nought hath brought thee hither save some affair that hath occurred to thee; and whatever thing thou desirest to obtain from my country, I will accomplish it for thee.Most English readers may not remember the story these lines from Edward Lane's translation relate to, but the sub-Biblical language in which the exotically named characters converse should be enough to site the story of Sayf al-Mulūk in the magically Oriental world of the Thousand and One Nights as it was conceived in the Victorian imagination.
Roman Egypt
Authors: Harmless William, S.J. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
This chapter provides necessary background by examining the wider world from which the desert fathers and desert monasticism emerged. It concentrates on Roman Egypt, its geography, history, politics, and religious milieu. This survey includes a look at ancient Alexandria as well as at life along the Nile Valley. It also examines three features of early Egyptian Christianity: the Alexandrian theological tradition (best embodied by Origen), the Melitian schism, and the early Alexandrian patriarchate.
TheLife of Antony: Themes and Influence
Authors: Harmless William, S.J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Life of Antony’s folktale surface should not lead modern readers to underestimate its sophistication. Athanasius was not only a skilled literary artist, but also a gifted theologian and a prominent politician on the international scene. He brought his formidable theological talents and his partisan political biases to this work, using it as propaganda against Arian and Melitian opponents. This chapter examines three theological themes that wind their way through the text: Christ’s victory over the demons, Antony as an image of deification, and Antony as a model of orthodoxy. At the close, it explores the Life of Antony’s long-term literary influence on lives of the saints and its historical influence on the conversion of Augustine of Hippo.
The Apophthegmata Patrum: Text and Context
Authors: Harmless William, S.J. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The Apophthegmata Patrum (Sayings of the Fathers) is a collection of more than 1,000 brief stories about and sayings by the desert fathers. Some are terse aphorisms, others portray dramatic encounters in which young monks come to their elders, begging: “Abba, give me a word by which I might be saved.” This collection, dating from the late fifth or early sixth century, is the best known and most influential work of desert Christian literature and has been preserved in a variety of ancient languages and editions. This chapter provides an introduction to the Apophthegmata’s literary style and its historical setting—especially its roots in the ancient monastery of Scetis.
The Histories
Authors: Harmless William, S.J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis chapter examines two early and influential historical narratives. The first, Palladius’s Lausiac History (Historia Lausica), is a set of brief biographies and vignettes of the desert fathers (and mothers), written in Greek in the 420s. The other, the anonymous History of the Monks in Egypt (Historia monachorum in Aegypto), is a travelogue, composed in Greek about 400. It describes a journey through Egypt taken by seven Palestinian monks in 394 and strings together anecdotes about their meetings with remarkable hermits, healers, and holy men. These works highlight other important monastic sites, especially Nitria and Kellia, and stress the links between miracles and holiness.
Evagrius Ponticus: Mystical Theology
Authors: Harmless William, S.J. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Evagrius Ponticus was one of the great pioneers of Christian mystical theology. He spoke of prayer as “the ascent of the mind to God” and argued that “pure prayer” must be unceasing, imageless, and wordless. At the peak of the mystical journey, the monk encounters what Evagrius called the “sapphire light of the mind,” both an interior illumination and a glimpse of the uncreated light of the Trinity. This chapter sets out both Evagrius’s map of the mystical journey to God and the controversy that it provoked after his death, the so-called Origenist Controversy.
The Science and Technology System
Authors: Miozzo Marcela , Walsh Vivien 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis chapter considers the main source of innovation: research and development (R&D) activity. It examines where the inventions and innovations come from in terms of the countries that specialize in their production, the institutions carrying out R&D, and the institutions which provide the sources of the relevant R&D funding. It examines the evolution of science and technology, from an activity carried out by few people with a private income or an activity sponsored by patrons, to its professionalization and the rise of the in-house corporate R&D laboratory. The amount and nature of government-funded R&D, defence-related R&D, and industrial R&D in different countries are studied.
Organizations and Technology during the Periods of ‘New Competition’ and ‘Systems Integration’
Authors: Miozzo Marcela , Walsh Vivien 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis chapter describes the new forms of business and production organization in Japan and the ‘third Italy’ (new competition), which exposed the limitations in production organization of managerial capitalism. These forms include ‘networks’ of firms (in the shape of large corporations in Japan and small firm industrial districts in Italy), inter-firm relations, new production concepts such as just-in-time, and the role of industrial policy. The problems of this form of business and production organization are described. The business and production organization forms responsible for the resurgence of US high-tech industry (network-based systems integration) are examined.
Organizations, Technology, and Less Developed Countries: East Asia and Latin America
Authors: Miozzo Marcela , Walsh Vivien 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis chapter examines how East Asian countries became industrialized, and explores the contrast between industrialization in East Asia and Latin America since the 1970s. The chapter is organized as follows. The first section examines the debates on industrialization in the 19th century and draws lessons for industrialization in the 20th century. The second section addresses how East Asian countries caught up with the more advanced countries. The third section compares organizations and technology in Latin America and East Asia which are responsible for Latin American countries falling behind. The conclusion draws lessons for the understanding of the relation between organizations, technology, and less developed countries.
Globalization of Trade, Production, and Technology
Authors: Miozzo Marcela , Walsh Vivien 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis chapter examines the meaning of globalization and the debates surrounding the concept. The effects of globalization on the international division of labour and the integration of strategy and management within multinationals are explored. The implications of globalization for national governments and for innovation are considered. The evidence regarding the globalization of innovative activity is assessed.
Osseointegration Timing for Baha System Loading
Authors: Wazen Jack J. , Gupta Reena , Ghossaini Soha , Spitzer Jaclyn , Farrugia Matthew , Tjellstrom Anders 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectives: The process of osseointegration for creating a biological bond between titanium oxide and bone is time dependent. However, different surgeons have used very varied time frames before loading the implant. The waiting time in dental implant loading ranged from immediate to 6 months. The Baha system (Cochlear Limited, Englewood, CO) traditional waiting period consisted of 3 months for adults and 4 to 6 months for children. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the safety of reducing the waiting time to 6 weeks in adults.Study Design: Retrospective study of patients who underwent Baha implantation and exteriorization between March, 2004 and July 2005.Methods: Twenty‐six adult patients underwent Baha titanium implantation and exteriorization in a single stage. They were loaded with the external processor after an average of 6.5 weeks. The etiology of their hearing loss (HL) included conductive HL, mixed HL, and unilateral sensorineural HL. Follow‐up period ranged between 6 and 20 months.Results: All patients were successfully implanted with the titanium implants, loaded at the 6 week interval, and have safely retained their prosthesis. The only reported complication was dermatitis, which occurred in three patients. Patients were pleased to receive the external processor earlier.Conclusion: The reduction of the waiting period from 3 months to 6 weeks did not result in any failure of osseointegration of the titanium implants. The earlier activation resulted in enhanced patient satisfaction. A larger series would be needed to definitively recommend shortening of the interval between Baha implantation and device loading.
Restorative Rhinoplasty in the Aging Patient
Authors: Cochran C Spencer , Ducic Yadranko , DeFatta Robert J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study is to review our favorable experience in performing rhinoplasty in aging patients.Methods: All patients aged 65 years or greater who underwent rhinoplasty, either esthetic or functional, by the senior author (Y.D.) from August 1997 to July 2005 with a minimum follow up of 1 year were retrospectively reviewed.Results: A total of 51 patients met the inclusion criteria and had complete records available for review. The average age was 69.5 years (range, 65–82 years) with 24 female and 27 male patients. All but two patients underwent open rhinoplasty. Eighteen procedures represented secondary rhinoplasties. Seven patients required auricular cartilage grafts, and 11 patients required costal cartilage grafts. One costal cartilage graft was aborted as a result of excessive calcification. All patients underwent columellar strut placement, 92% underwent internal valve grafts, and 80.4% underwent grafting of the external nasal valves. Nasal osteotomies were performed in only 23.5% of patients, all with the percutaneous technique. Revision surgery was necessary in only three (5.8%) patients, all of whom required grafting of the external valve (not performed primarily). In each of these cases, no significant external valve collapse was noted preoperatively. Premaxillary augmentation with diced or crushed cartilage grafts was performed in 81.8% (n = 18) of patients with an edentulous maxillary arch.Conclusions: Aging patients present unique technical challenges in rhinoplasty that warrant a comprehensive approach to restore internal and external valve competency and tip support. Consideration of prophylactic external valve grafts in addition to the routine use of internal valve grafts and columellar struts may help decrease the need for revision surgery in this patient population. Reasonable functional and esthetic outcomes can be expected in the aging patient.
Signaling by Way of Type IB and II Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors Regulates Bone Formation in Otospongiosis
Authors: Lehnerdt Goetz , Metz Klaus Alfred , Trellakis Sokratis , Jahnke Klaus , Neumann Andreas 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHypothesis: The main goal of this study was to perform an immunohistologic analysis of bone morphogenetic protein receptors (BMPR) in otospongiosis.Background. BMP‐2, ‐4, and ‐7 play an essential role in bone formation and repair. They do so as well in otosclerosis. It has been shown that these BMPs are traceable in osteocytes and osteoclasts in the active phase of otosclerosis (otospongiosis). The role of the different BMP receptors in otosclerotic bone transformation has not been previously analyzed.Methods: The posterior parts of the stapes footplates, collected during partial stapedectomies in 35 patients with clinical otosclerosis, were analyzed for histologic otosclerotic lesions after hematoxylin staining. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using polyclonal immunoglobulin G antibodies for BMPR‐IA, ‐IB, and ‐II, as well as biotinylated secondary antibodies, avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex reaction, and alkaline phosphatase staining with nitroblue‐tetrazolium‐chloride.Results: Seventeen of 35 (49%) specimens contained otosclerosis, but only 5 of these exhibited an otospongiotic phase. The abundant osteoblasts and osteoclasts in these cases showed distinct immunochemical staining for BMP‐2, ‐4, and ‐7. In two cases, there could also be found an immense positive staining for BMPR‐IB and modest staining for BMPR‐II, whereas BMPR‐1A always remained negative.Conclusion: It was demonstrated for the first time that in otospongiosis, the actions of the BMPs are mediated through BMPR‐IB and BMPR‐II. To determine this role in detail, further investigations, especially for the phosphorylated Smad proteins within the BMP dependent mediator cascade, will be necessary.
Free Tissue Transfer to Manage Salvage Laryngectomy Defects After Organ Preservation Failure
Authors: Withrow Kirk P. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Gourin Christine G. , Peters Glenn E. , Magnuson J Scott , Terris David J. , Carroll William W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjective: Salvage laryngectomy to treat organ preservation failures results in significantly higher local wound complications. Even in the absence of extralaryngeal disease, primary closure of laryngeal defects can result in protracted wound care problems. We hypothesize that even when sufficient mucosa is present to close the defect primarily, introduction of vascularized tissue to close the defect may improve outcomes.Design: Retrospective case‐control study.Setting: Two academic tertiary care centers.Patients and Methods: Patients undergoing salvage surgery for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma between 2000 to 2006 were considered for this study. Patients requiring total laryngopharyngectomy or partial pharyngectomy were excluded. There were 37 patients who met study criteria: 17 patients underwent free flap reconstruction (16 radial forearm flaps and 1 rectus flap), and 20 patients underwent primary closure. The median follow‐up was 12 (range, 4–60) months. Previous treatment consisted of chemoradiation for 41% of the reconstruction group and 35% of the primary closure group; the remainder were treated with primary radiation alone.Main Outcome Measures: Pharyngocutaneous fistula, stricture, length of hospitalization, feeding tube dependence.Results: The free flap reconstruction group had a lower rate of fistula (18%) compared with the primary closure group (50%). A lower rate of stricture formation (18% vs. 25%) and feeding tube dependence (23% vs. 45%) was observed in the free flap reconstruction group compared with the primary closure group. The development of a fistula in either group resulted in a prolonged hospital stay (mean, 19 vs. 7 days) and additional procedures.Conclusion: Planned reconstruction of salvage laryngectomy defects with vascularized tissue is associated with a lower fistula rate and may improve outcomes.
Impact of Aspirin Intolerance on Outcomes of Sinus Surgery
Authors: Robinson Jamie L. , Griest Susan , James Kenneth E. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectives: To compare objective and quality of life (QOL) outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in aspirin (ASA)‐tolerant patients and ASA‐intolerant patients over intermediate and long‐term follow‐up.Study Design: Prospective analysis of a cohort of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.Methods: Preoperative computed tomography (CT), pre‐ and postoperative endoscopy, and two validated disease specific QOL instruments, the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) and Chronic Sinusitis Survey (CSS), were collected. Differences in the proportions of patients who improved were analyzed using Pearson's chi‐square and Fisher's exact test.Results: Nineteen ASA‐intolerant patients and 104 ASA‐tolerant patients were followed for a mean of 17.7 months. Patients with ASA intolerance had significantly worse preoperative CT (P < .0001) and endoscopy scores (P < .0001). After ESS, 57% to 74% of patients improved on endoscopy scores, 63% to 71% improved on the RSDI, and 58% to 73% improved on the CSS; improvement did not significantly differ by ASA status.Conclusions: Similar proportions of ASA‐tolerant and ASA‐intolerant patients showed improvement on endoscopy and QOL measures after ESS.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharide Induces Osteoclastogenesis Through a Toll‐Like Receptor 4 Mediated Pathway in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Zhuang Lei , Jung Jae Y. , Wang Eric W. , Houlihan Patrick , Ramos Lisette , Pashia Mary , Chole Richard A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectives: Bacterial infections near bone result in localized inflammatory osteolysis, a significant complication of chronic ear infections. While many bacterial products may be involved, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been implicated as a major mediator of inflammation and osteolysis. However, the mechanisms by which LPS promotes bone resorption have not been clearly established. There is no consensus on whether LPS acts directly or indirectly on osteoclast precursors (bone marrow monocytes [BMM]) to induce bone resorption. In light of the role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in chronic ear infections, we investigated the effects of P. aeruginosa LPS on osteoclastogenesis in vivo and in vitro.Methods: Wild‐type C57BL/6J and toll‐like receptor 4 knock‐out (TLR4−/−) mice received subcutaneous calvarial injections of 250 μg of P. aeruginosa LPS or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) only (n = 5 per group). Osteoclastic bone resorption was assessed histologically. The effect of P. aeruginosa LPS on bone resorption was assessed in vitro using combinations of BMMs and osteoblasts with and without functional toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4).Results: In vivo, P. aeruginosa LPS induced robust osteolysis, and this effect was completely abrogated in mice lacking expression of TLR4. In vitro, P. aeruginosa LPS failed to induce development of osteoclasts directly in BMMs. However, P. aeruginosa LPS did stimulate osteoclastogenesis in BMM‐osteoblast cocultures.Conclusions: P. aeruginosa LPS acts indirectly through osteoblasts to induce bone resorption. Optimal osteoclastogenesis in vitro required functional TLR4 expression in both BMMs and osteoblasts.
Surgical Outcomes Following the Endoscopic Modified Lothrop Procedure
Authors: Shirazi Mobeen A. , Silver Amanda L. , Stankiewicz James A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjective: We performed a systematic review of 97 patients in whom an entirely endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP) was performed. We studied the safety, efficacy, need for revision surgery, and rate of complication following an EMLP.Study Design: The study design was a retrospective chart analysis.Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review and patient survey of 97 patients who underwent an EMLP at our institution from January 1999 to March 2006. Main outcomes measured were the need for revision surgery including an osteoplastic flap (OPF), improvement in patients' symptoms, and rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.Results: The most common indication for the procedure was chronic frontal sinusitis and/or formation of mucocele. The frontal recess and floor of the frontal sinus were the most common areas of persistent disease. CSF leak rate was 1% (1/97) and was managed successfully at the time of surgery without any long‐term sequelae. Twenty‐two (23%) patients required revision surgery. Three (3%) patients required revision with an OPF. Some degree of symptomatic clinical improvement was reported by 98% (95/97) of patients.Conclusion: EMLP is a safe and effective surgical alternative to OPF for patients with recalcitrant frontal sinus disease. Major complications are rare. A large percentage of patients may require revision surgery.