bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Synthesis of 2-Alkoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinones by the Oxidation of 4-Methylcatechol with Copper(II) Chloride in Alcohols
Authors: Takizawa Yasuomi , Iwasa Yoshihito , Suzuki Toshiaki , Miyaji Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
4-Methylcatechol was oxidized with copper(II) chloride in various alcohols under oxygen to give the corresponding 2-alkoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinones.
Structure of Adduct Formed from α-Trichlorostannyl Ketone and Trichloroethynyltin a Direct Evidence for the Carbostannylation of Alkynyl Metals
Authors: Hayashi Akio , Yamaguchi Masahiko , Hirama Masahiro , Kabuto Chizuko , Ueno Masako 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
An adduct formed from 2-trichlorostannyl-3-pentanone and phenylethynyltrichlorotin was isolated, and the structure was determined by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. It provides a direct evidence for the carbostannylation of alkynyl metals.
A New Synthetic Route to Prenylphenols. Synthesis of 4′,6′-Dihydroxy-2′-alkenyloxy-3′-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)acetophenones
Authors: Tsukayama Masao , Kikuchi Makoto , Yoshioka Syuji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of 4′,6′-bis(benzyloxy)-3′-iodo-2′-methoxyacetophenone with 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol gave 4′,6′-bis(benzyloxy)-3′-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutynyl)-2′-methoxyacetophenone (5). Demethylation and bromination of the benzoate obtained from 5 with BBr3 gave 4′,6′-bis(benzoyloxy)-3′-(3-bromo-3-methylbutyl)-2′-hydroxyacetophenone (8). O-Prenylation of 8 with prenyl bromide, followed by hydrolysis of the resultant compound gave 4′,6′-dihydroxy-2′-prenyloxy-3′-prenylacetophenone. In a similar manner, 4′,6′-dihydroxy-2′-geranyloxy-3′-prenylacetophenone also was prepared from 8 and geranyl bromide.
Synthesis of Sm2Fe17Cx via the Arc Melting of Sm, SmC2, and Fe
Authors: Izumi Hirokazu , Machida Ken-ichi , Otsuka Daisuke , Adachi Gin-ya 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
An interstitial rare earth carbide Sm2Fe17Cx (x &lt; 1) has been prepared from Sm metal, SmC2, and Fe by a cast method, and the magnetic property was investigated. The magnetization characteristics fairly agreed with those of the Sm2Fe17Cx compound obtained by the conventional method, and the result demonstrated that Sm metal can be partially replaced by SmC2. However, Sm2Fe17Cx hardly formed without some amounts of Sm metal and the sample with x &gt; 1 was a mixture of α-Fe and an unknown phase.
Hafnium-Hydride Complexes Anchored to Silica. Catalysts of the Low Temperature Hydrogenolysis of Alkanes and Hydrogenation of Olefins
Authors: Ornelas Lindora d’ , Reyes Sheila , Quignard Françoise , Choplin Agnès , Basset Jean-Marie 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Silica grafted hafnium hydride complexes were synthesized from tetra(neopentyl)hafnium and a partially dehydroxylated silica. These surface complexes are catalysts for hydrogenolysis of neopentane and butane and for hydrogenation of isobutene and propene, under mild conditions. Their catalytic properties are compared to the related supported Zr Hydride complexes.
Synthesis of Five-membered Heterocycles by Reactions of N-Substituted-2-aminomethyloxiranes with Heterocumulenes
Authors: Karikomi Michinori , Yamazaki Tohru , Toda Takashi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Various five-membered heterocyclic compounds were synthesized by the reactions of N-substituted-2-aminomethyloxiranes with several different heterocumulenes in good yields.
121Sb Mössbauer Spectra of Hexafluorocumyl Alcohol Complexes of Sb(V), and of Sb(III) with Negative Quadrupole Coupling Constants
Authors: Takeda Masuo , Takahashi Masashi , Yanagida Yasuo , Kojima Satoshi , Akiba Kin-ya 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The antimony-121 Mössbauer spectra of antimony(V) complexes of hexafluorocumyl alcohol show that the oxygen atoms of the ligand attract 5s electrons of antimony atoms more than do chlorine atoms, but that the reverse is true for the 5pz electrons of the antimony atoms. The antimony(III) complexes of the same ligand exhibit large negative values of e2qQ, being only the second example of this negative sign.
Metal Vibration in an Ionophoric Biscalix[4]arene
Authors: Ohseto Fumio , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A biscalix[4]arene linked with two poly(oxyethylene) groups was synthesized. It was spectrometrically detected by temperature-dependent 1H-NMR spectroscopy that alkali metal cations such as Na+ or K+ really “vibrates” between two metal-binding sites in the NMR time-scale.
Synthesis of Novel Rhenium(I) Enolate Complexes as Active Key Intermediates in the Catalytic Aldol Type Reaction
Authors: Hirano Masafumi , Ito Yuji , Hirai Miwa , Fukuoka Atsushi , Komiya Sanshiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Rhenium(I) dinitrogen complex cis-ReH(N2)(PMe2Ph)4 catalyzes an aldol type reaction of ethyl cyanoacetate with benzaldehyde under moderate conditions. Rhenium enolate complexes Re(NCCRCO2R′)(NCCHRCO2R′)(PMe2Ph)4 (R = H, R′ = Me; R = H, R′ = Et; R = H, R′ = n-Bu; R = Me, R′ = Et) and Re(NCCHCO2Et)[NC(EtO2C)C=CHPh](PMe2Ph)4 as active intermediates of the aldol type reactions have been isolated.
Efficient and Regioselective Preparation of an Eight-membered Interglycosidic Benzylidene Derivative of β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Sakairi Nobuo , Kuzuhara Hiroyoshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Heptakis(6-O-pivaloyl)-β-cyclodextrin, prepared in high yield by pivaloylation of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), was treated with α,α-dimethoxytoluene in the presence of (+)-10-camphorsulfonic acid to give a 46% yield of eight-membered interglycosidic benzylidene acetal, 31,22-O-benzylidene-61,62,63,64,65,66,67-hepta-O-pivaloylcyclomaltoheptaose. Further reductive ring-opening reaction or acid hydrolysis of the benzylidene group gave versatile intermediates for regioselective modification of β-CD.
Physicochemical Properties of 2-Methylthio-4-methylphenol, a Model Compound of the Novel Cofactor of Galactose Oxidase
Authors: Itoh Shinobu , Hirano Keisuke , Furuta Akihiro , Komatsu Mitsuo , Ohshiro Yoshiki , Ishida Akito , Takamuku Setsuo , Kohzuma Takamitsu , Nakamura Nobuhumi , Suzuki Shinnichiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Physicochemical properties of 2-methylthio-4-methylphenol (1) were examined in order to obtain information about the nature of the newly found cofactor of galactose oxidase. Electrochemical studies and theoretical calculations indicated that the methylthio group works as an electron-withdrawing substituent to stabilize the radical species (one-electron oxidation state) of 1. The absorption spectrum obtained by the pulse radiolysis of 1 was very close to that of the oxidized apoenzyme.
Glucose Sensitivity of Thiol-modified Gold Electrodes Having Immobilized Glucose Oxidase and 2-Aminoethylferrocene
Authors: Kajiya Yoshio , Okamoto Tsuyoshi , Yoneyama Hiroshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A novel amperometric glucose sensor was fabricated in which glucose oxidase and 2-aminoethylferrocene as an electron mediator were chemically bound to self-assembled 4-aminothiophenol monolayer on gold electrode with use of glutaraldehyde as a cross linking agent. The glucose sensor prepared under optimal conditions showed sensitivities more than 30 μA cm−2 for 20 mM of glucose.
Reduction of Chromium(VI) by Water-Extracts from Withered Oak Leaves
Authors: Arakawa Hirohumi , Tsushima Masato , Kishi Masami , Watanabe Norimoto 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Introduction of water-extracts from withered oak leaves into potassium chromate readily diminished Cr(VI) to give water soluble chromium species which are presumably composed of tannin and Cr(III). Thus, this method is useful for treatment of potential hazards like Cr(VI).
Facile C-Se and C-S Bond Cleavages in Diorganyl Selenides and Sulfides by Iodine
Authors: Nakanishi Warô 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The C-Se and C-S bonds in ArSeCH2SeAr, PhCH2SeCH2SeCH2Ph, (p-t-BuC6H4SeCH2)2, 1,8-(MeSe)2C10H6, PhCH2SeMe, PhSCH2SPh, and PhCH2SCH2SCH2Ph are easily cleaved by iodine, while those of PhSe(CH2)3SePh, 1-MeSeC10H7, PhSeCH2I, and PhCH2SMe are not. The driving force of the reaction is also discussed.
Preparation of Chiral 1,2-Alkanediols with Baker’s Yeast-Mediated Oxidation
Authors: Kometani Tadashi , Morita Yasufumi , Furui Hideyuki , Yoshii Hidefumi , Matsuno Ryuichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
(S)-1,2-Alkanediols, which were the opposite configuration to those produced by baker’s yeast-mediated bioreduction of corresponding 1-hydroxy-2-alkanones, were prepared by baker’s yeast-mediated oxidation. Treatment of racemic 1,2-alkanediols with baker’s yeast under the aerobic condition followed by removal of the corresponding 1-hydroxy-2-alkanones, which were produced by enantioselective oxidation of (R)-1,2-alkanediols, afforded (S)-1,2-alkanediols.
Catalytic Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-α-D-Glucopyranosides and Galactopyranosides
Authors: Matsubara Koki , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
In the presence of a catalyst generated from SnCl4 and a silver salt, various 2-amino-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosides or galactopyranosides are stereoselectively synthesized in good yields with high stereoselectivities through anomerization step starting from 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranose or galactopyranose and alkyl trimethylsilyl ethers, respectively.
Reaction of C60 with Chlorophenyldiazirine. Spectral and Electronic Properties of the C60-Chlorophenylcarbene 1:1 Adduct
Authors: Komatsu Koichi , Kagayama Akifumi , Murata Yasujiro , Sugita Nobuyuki , Kobayashi Kaoru , Nagase Shigeru , Wan Terence S M 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A reaction of C60 with an equimolar amount of chlorophenyldiazirine in refluxing toluene afforded the C60-chlorophenylcarbene 1:1 adduct in 37% yield. The adduct was shown to have the cyclopropane structure by 13C NMR and exhibited reversible reduction waves at the potential about 0.1 V more negative and an irreversible oxidation peak at nearly the same potential as compared with those of C60 itself.
Infrared External Reflection Spectra of Langmuir Films of Stearic Acid and Cadmium Stearate
Authors: Sakai Hiroshi , Umemura Junzo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
In situ FT-IR external reflection spectra of spread monolayers (Langmuir films) of stearic acid and Cd stearate on the water surface were recorded at various surface areas. In the stearic acid monolayer, the trans-gauche conformational change upon monolayer compression was observed, while only the all-trans conformer was observed in the Cd stearate monolayer. Even in largely expanded monolayers of Cd stearate, present is the rigid crsytalline island instead of the rather flexible island in the acid monolayer.
Anormaly of 35Cl NMR Spin-Lattice Relaxation Rate for the Chloride Anion in the Capsular Complex with Macrotricyclic Quaternary Ammonium Ion
Authors: Ichikawa Kazuhiko , Yamamoto Akira , Hossain MD Alamgir 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The inclusion of chloride ion into homemade macrotricyclic tetra-quaternary ammonium cation MQA4+ has been characterized from the measurement of 35Cl NMR spin-lattice relaxation rate R1. The observed anormaly in the R( = [Cl−]t/[MQA4+]t) dependence of R1 was simulated by a model of the chemical exchange reaction betwen the capsulated Cl− in a intramolecular cavity of MQA4+ and the Cl− outside it. The R1,c for the former is faster than that for the aqueous Cl− complex by about three times. Thus, R1 plays a significant role as a quantitative prove of the types of the local environment around chloride ions in solution.
Efficient Hg(II) Ion Transport through Liquid Membranes by Diamide Derivatives of Methionine with a 8-Quinolyl Group
Authors: Kasuga Kazuyuki , Hirose Takuji , Takahashi Toshikazu , Hiratani Kazuhisa 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Several new diamide compounds with a 8-quinolyl group were synthesized from methionine and their metal ion transport abilities as carriers through liquid membranes were investigated. Hg(II) ion was transported most effectively by these carriers. The selectivity for Hg(II) over Cu(II) was improved by the introduction of a bulky p-toluoyl group as the acyl group on the 2-acylamino substituent.
Ring Opening of Epoxides with Acetone Cyanohydrin Catalyzed by Lanthanoid(III) Alkoxides
Authors: Ohno Hiroshi , Mori Atsunori , Inoue Shohei 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Ring opening of epoxide and aziridine with acetone cyanohydrin is promoted by a catalytic amount of lanthanoid(III) alkoxide to provide β-hydroxy nitrile and β-amino nitrile, respectively.
The role of the dorsal vertebral cortex in the stability of transpedicular screws
Authors: Karataglis D. , Kapetanos G. , Lontos A. , Christodoulou A. , Christoforides J. , Pournaras J. 
Published: April 2006

The aim of this biomechanical study was to investigate the role of the dorsal vertebral cortex in transpedicular screw fixation. Moss transpedicular screws were introduced into both pedicles of each vertebra in 25 human cadaver vertebrae. The dorsal vertebral cortex and subcortical bone corresponding to the entrance site of the screw were removed on one side and preserved on the other. Biomechanical testing showed that the mean peak pull-out strength for the inserted screws, following removal of the dorsal cortex, was 956.16 N. If the dorsal cortex was preserved, the mean peak pullout strength was 1295.64 N. The mean increase was 339.48 N (26.13%; p = 0.033). The bone mineral density correlated positively with peak pull-out strength. Preservation of the dorsal vertebral cortex at the site of insertion of the screw offers a significant increase in peak pull-out strength. This may result from engagement by the final screw threads in the denser bone of the dorsal cortex and the underlying subcortical area. Every effort should be made to preserve the dorsal vertebral cortex during insertion of transpedicular screws.
Improving Hand-Washing Performance – A Crossover Study of Hand-Washing in the Orthopaedic Department
Authors: Macdonald Duncan JM , McKillop Elisabeth CA , Trotter Sylvia , Gray Alastair JR 
Published: April 2006

INTRODUCTION Effective hand-washing is essential for reducing the spread of infection in hospitals. We aimed to evaluate hand-washing performance of hospital personnel and to determine if this could be improved by education. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 55 personnel working in the orthopaedic department were asked to clean their hands using an alcohol gel containing a clear fluorescent substance. They were unaware of the assessment method. Performance was assessed by examining their hands under UV light to identify areas that had been neglected. Subjects could visualise which areas they had missed and were then educated regarding hand-washing technique and retested after 7 days. RESULTS Of the 55 subjects, 53 completed the study. Individual performance varied widely. Following a simple educational intervention, 49 out of 53 subjects improved from an average of 7.8% to 2.3% area missed (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We suggest that hand-washing effectiveness needs to be improved and that a simple educational intervention can be effective.
Mammography in Symptomatic Women Attending a Rapid Diagnosis Breast Clinic: A Prospective Study
Authors: Biggs MJP , Ravichandran D 
Published: April 2006

INTRODUCTION We determined whether it is safe to avoid mammograms in a group of symptomatic women with a non-suspicious history and clinical examination. PATIENTS AND METHODS Symptomatic women aged 35 years or over newly referred to a rapid-diagnosis breast clinic underwent mammography on arrival in the clinic. A breast radiologist reported on the mammograms. An experienced clinician who was unaware of the mammogram findings examined patients and decided whether a mammogram was indicated or not. If not, a management plan was formulated. Mammogram findings were then provided to the clinician and any change to the original management plan as a result of mammography was recorded. RESULTS In two-thirds (67%) of 218 patients, the clinician felt a mammogram was indicated. Half (46%) of these mammograms showed an abnormality; of these abnormal mammograms, 41% were breast cancer. Among the third (n = 71) of mammograms felt not to be indicated, 3 showed abnormalities of which 2 were breast cancer. One cancer was not suspected clinically or mammographically but was diagnosed on cyto/histopathological assessment. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of patients attending a symptomatic breast clinic have a non-suspicious history and normal clinical findings on examination. However, even in this group avoiding mammograms risks missing clinically occult breast cancers. It would appear sensible to offer mammograms to all symptomatic women over 35 years of age.
Letters and Notes in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Hook Samantha E , Banister Gordon C , Topliss Claire , Webb Jonathan 
Published: April 2006

INTRODUCTION Accurate written communication is essential in orthopaedic surgery. Incomplete and poorly structured letters can lead to poor knowledge of a patient's diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Structured and traditional letter formats were compared for speed of reading and preference by general practitioners (GPs), consultants, registrars and out-patient nursing staff. In addition, out-patient clinic letters and notes were analysed and compared for speed of reading and ease of assimilating information and content. RESULTS There was overwhelming preference for the structured letter format. This style of letter could be read significantly more quickly with information better assimilated and relevant data included more frequently. However, only 26% of letters generated contained a complete set of information sought by GPs and hospital staff. CONCLUSIONS Structured letters are better in orthopaedics because it is easier to access the contents. The structured format disciplines medical staff to address essential information. Even with a structured format the majority of letters omitted essential information. Training in letter writing is necessary. A structured letter format next to dictating machines might improve the quality of letters generated.
PSA Testing: Are Patients Aware of What Lies Ahead?
Authors: Lamplugh Marc , Gilmore Paul , Quinlan Timothy , Cornford Philip 
Published: April 2006

INTRODUCTIONScreening for prostate cancer with serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) remains a controversial topic. The UK NHS Executive has issued extensive guidance stressing the importance of adequate counselling prior to performing this test. This study aims to assess men's knowledge of the PSA test at the time of their referral and their attitude towards screening.PATIENTS AND METHODSA total of 219 men referred to urology via the ‘fast track’ prostate cancer service were recruited into the study. Of these, 191 were referred from primary care and 28 from secondary care. All men completed a questionnaire regarding their knowledge and expectation of the test.RESULTSThe response rate for completed questionnaires was 100%. Overall, 91 (41.5%) men were aware that their PSA had been performed prior to referral and only 79 (36%) men understood why the test was being done. Patients referred from secondary care appeared to be better informed. Despite these figures, 175 (80%) men said they would recommend PSA testing to a friend or colleague, and 196 (89%) men said the test should be broadly publicised.CONCLUSIONSNearly two-thirds of the men referred to urology with an elevated PSA were unaware that they had even had their PSA done. Information about the limitations of PSA testing and the consequence of a positive test result had been deficient. Informed counselling for the PSA test should form part of the consultation of any physician intending to undertake this test whether for lower urinary tract symptoms or for prostate cancer screening.
The Effects of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the Expression of DNA Replication Genes
Authors: Eelen Guy , Verlinden Lieve , Van Camp Mark , Van Hummelen Paul , Marchal Kathleen , De Moor Bart , Mathieu Chantal , Carmeliet Geert , Bouillon Roger , Verstuyf Annemieke 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
To identify key genes in the antiproliferative action of 1,25(OH)2D3, MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblasts were subjected to cDNA microarray analyses. Eleven E2F-driven DNA replication genes were downregulated by 1,25(OH)2D3. These results were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR in different cell types, showing the general nature of this action of 1,25(OH)2D3.
Introduction: 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] has a potent antiproliferative action characterized by a blocked transition from the G1- to the S-phase of the cell cycle. This study aims to identify genes whose expression is markedly altered after 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment in parallel with or preceding the observed G1-arrest.
Materials and Methods: The cDNA microarray technique was used, and the expression of approximately 4600 genes in MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblasts was studied 6 and 12 h after treatment with 10−8 M 1,25(OH)2D3. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses were performed on MC3T3-E1 cells and on wildtype and vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockout primary murine epidermal keratinocytes (VDRwtMEKs, VDR−/−MEKs) and murine mammary tumor cells (GR) to confirm the microarray data.
Results and Conclusions: After 12 h of treatment, in parallel with the 1,25(OH)2D3-induced G1 arrest, a particular set of DNA replication genes including a cell division cycle 6 homolog, a DNA polymerase alpha subunit, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, two DNA polymerase delta subunits, and flap-structure specific endonuclease 1, was downregulated at least 2-fold. These genes are known targets of the E2F family of transcription factors, which are probably the central mediators of this action of 1,25(OH)2D3. Indeed, as shown by transfection assays with an E2F reporter construct, 12- and 24-h treatment of MC3T3-E1 cells with 1,25(OH)2D3 reduced E2F activity by 49% and 73%, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses confirmed the downregulation of these DNA replication genes by 1,25(OH)2D3 in MC3T3-E1, GR, and VDRwtMEKs cells, but not in VDR−/−MEKs cells, showing that this 1,25(OH)2D3-driven antiproliferative action is of a general nature and depends on a functional VDR.