bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Unmanned Aerial Vehicle image transmission protection scheme based on hybrid hyperchaos and Bonouille-DCT compressed sensing
Authors: Zhou Lingzhi , Xia Han , Lin Qingfa , Yang Xin , Zhang Xiangwei , Zhou Man 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This study introduces the Two-Dimensional Hybrid Chaotic Fourier Series and Nonlinear Coupled Oscillator Model (2- DHOCFSANCOM), which is integrated with compressed sensing technology, aiming to address the challenge of slow encryption speeds in agricultural Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The principal challenge in enhancing encryption speed is the inher- ently limited capacity of traditional chaos-based systems coupled with the complexity of their computational processes. By employing a sophisticated two-dimensional hybrid chaotic system, the 2-DHOCFSANCOM significantly enhances the security of image transmission in agricultural drones. This model surpasses existing chaos-based methods by integrating advanced Fourier series and nonlinear coupled oscillators, achieving improved pseudo-randomness and robustness in encryption. Moreover, incorporating the Bonouille function into the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain results in a sparser measurement matrix, which is pivotal for enabling efficient real-time encryption. The effectiveness of 2-DHOCFSANCOM in securely encrypting images from agricultural drones has been rigorously validated through simulations and analytical evaluations, employing sophisticated row, rotation, and matrix encryption techniques. Comparative analyses have further confirmed its enhanced safety performance. Compared to other models, the 2-DHOCFSANCOM demonstrates a notably higher Lyapunov exponent of 15.1039 and a sample entropy of 2.5, evidencing its superior chaotic performance and reliability in encryption.
Toxicity related with brolucizumab
Authors: Campos António , Tomás Rita , Oliveira Nuno , Mota Carolina , Silva Sara , Sousa João P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Post-marketing studies identified severe vision-threatening side effects of brolucizumab, including retinal vasculitis (RV) and intraocular inflammation (IOI).
Objective: To present the prevalence of IOI related to brolucizumab in our department, including the first reported case of an occlusive RV with retinal vascular occlusion (RO) and severe vision loss related to brolucizumab in Portugal.
Results: There were 4 eyes with unilateral IOI related to brolucizumab (3.42%), one (0.85%) presenting uveitis, two (1.71%) vitritis and the last one presenting occlusive RV (0.85%), from a total of 117 eyes that were on brolucizumab therapy.
Conclusion: although serious complications from brolucizumab therapy may appear to be rare, they may be distressful for the patient and the ophthalmologist since some of them may lead to irreversible blindness. Moreover, continuous report of serious sight-threatening events is mandatory, since continuous surveillance and evaluation from the regulatory authorities is needed, as it involves health and legal issues.
GolpHCat (TMEM87A), a unique voltage-dependent cation channel in Golgi apparatus, contributes to Golgi-pH maintenance and hippocampus-dependent memory
Authors: Lee C. Justin , Kang Hyunji , Han Ah-reum , Zhang Aihua , Jeong Heejin , Koh Wuhyun , Lee Jung Moo , Lee Hayeon , Jo Heeyoung , Maria-Solano Miguel A , Bhalla Mridula , Roh Woo Suk , Jang Hyun Jun , Yang Jimin , Lee Boyoung , Choi Sun , An Hyun Joo , Kim Ho Min , Kwon Jea 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Impaired ion channels regulating Golgi pH lead to structural alterations in the Golgi apparatus, such as fragmentation, which is found, along with cognitive impairment, in Alzheimer’s disease. However, the causal relationship between altered Golgi structure and cognitive impairment remains elusive due to the lack of understanding of ion channels in the Golgi apparatus of brain cells. Here, we identify that a transmembrane protein TMEM87A, renamed Golgi-pH-regulating cation channel (GolpHCat), expressed in astrocytes and neurons that contributes to hippocampus-dependent memory. We found that GolpHCat displays unique voltage-dependent currents, which is potently inhibited by gluconate. Additionally, we gained structural insights into the ion conduction through GolpHCat at the molecular level by determining three high-resolution cryogenic-electron microscopy structures of human GolpHCat. GolpHCat-knockout mice show fragmented Golgi morphology and altered protein glycosylation and functions in the hippocampus, leading to impaired spatial memory. These findings suggest a novel molecular target for Golgi-related diseases and cognitive impairment.
Rock-cutting ability and field application research of a novel slurry abrasive water jet cutting system
Authors: Dong Zhuo , Yuan Ruifu , Lang Yingxian , Wu Junjie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The abrasive water jet (AWJ) is an innovative technology employed in underground engineering to enhance the stability of surrounding rock, facilitate unconventional oil and gas development, and rock breaking in tunnel engineering. However, current AWJ cutting systems often face challenges related to intricate operational processes and an incontiguous supply of abrasive particles. Here, a novel slurry abrasive water jet (S-AWJ) cutting system has been developed to fulfill the operational requirement of underground engineering. Some rock-cutting experiments under different parameter combinations (cutting method, abrasive type and size, water-to-abrasive mass ratio, standoff distance, jet pressure, nozzle diameter, and traverse speed) were conducted to investigate the rock-cutting ability of the novel S-AWJ cutting system. Additionally, the field application of the novel S-AWJ cutting system in a coal mine was analyzed. The results reveal that the novel S-AWJ cutting system outperforms the pure water jet. The cutting depth increases with increased abrasive particle size, content, and jet pressure. Moreover, the cutting depth shows a trend of initially increasing and subsequently decreasing with the elevation of the standoff distance. The cutting depth is negatively correlated with the traverse speed. Lower traverse speeds result in reduced cutting efficiency and increased abrasive consumption. The cutting depth is not significantly affected by the nozzle diameter. The process parameters are recommended to achieve optimal cutting ability. Combined with the S-AWJ cutting mechanism, there is a higher correlation between cutting depth and rock compressive strength. Furthermore, field cutting tests demonstrate that the novel S-AWJ cutting system exhibits a positive actual application effect. This study provides a theoretical basis for parameter optimization and field applications of the novel S-AWJ cutting system in underground engineering.
High throughput spectroscopy of pL droplets
Authors: Arroyo Jaime Ortega , Sulliger Marc , Quidant Romain 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Droplet microfluidics offers a versatile platform for analyzing liquid samples. Despite its potential, there is a lack of techniques that allow to reliably probe individual circulating droplets. The prospect of combining droplet microfluidics with sensitive, broadband spectroscopic techniques would therefore unlock new capabilities for various disciplines, including biomedicine and biochemistry. Here we present an integrated optofluidic platform that seamlessly combines droplet microfluidics and advanced hyperspectral imaging. This enables high-resolution, label-free analysis of single picolitre-sized droplets, providing valuable insights into their content. As a proof-of-principle, we demonstrate the ability of our platform to study rapid dynamic changes in a heterogeneous population of plasmonic nanoparticles with millisecond-time resolution. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the platform in biosensing applied to short DNA strands, achieving a detection sensitivity in the range of 100 pM. Finally, we show that the platform provides the flexibility to monitor samples over extended periods of time (hours) in a multiplexed manner.
Assessing the relationship between the distress levels in patients with irreversible terminal delirium and the good quality of death from the perspective of bereaved family.
Authors: Zhou Pei , Tang Cheng , Wang Jingyi , Zhang Chunhua , Zhong Jun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Research on achieving a good death for terminally delirious patients is scarce, with limited knowledge about the level of good death and influencing factors. This study investigates the level of good death among delirium patients, factors influencing it, and the correlation between distress, end-of-life care needs, and achieving a good death by surveying bereaved family members of deceased patients in Chinese hospitals.
Methods
This cross-sectional study from January 2022 to January 2024 was conducted among bereaved family members of patients using an online questionnaire. The questionnaires consisted of (1) participants' demographic and disease-related questionnaires; (2) the Good Death Inventory (GDI) - short form; (3) Terminal Delirium-Related Distress Scale (TTDS) China version; (4) the Care Evaluation Scale - short form (CES) China version. All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the associated factors influencing good death were analyzed by multiple linear regression analyses.
Result
A total of 263 subjects were enrolled. More males (63.5%) participated than females (36.5%), the mean age was 75.35±13.90 years. Good quality of death was significantly and negatively related to the distress in patients with irreversible terminal delirium (r = -0.458, P＜0.01).The multiple linear regression model indicates that TDDS score, CES score, types of diseases, smoking history, nutritional deficiency are important factor affecting the good quality of death.
Conclusions
The good quality of death from the perspective of bereaved family, a negative correlation was found between the distress in patients with irreversible terminal delirium and good death. Medical staff should be more aware of good quality of death in patients, future research should expand sample sizes to include more demographic data, and explore the concept of a good death across different cultural contexts.
Assessment of relationships between mitochondrial proteins and ischemic stroke: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Tao Mengjun , Shen Yue , Ye Zi , Su Fan , Zhang Yu , Xue Jing , Xv Jie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Increasing evidence suggests an association between mitochondrial function and ischemic stroke (IS). However, whether this association might be causal or explained by reverse causal association/residual confounding is unclear. Therefore, we designed this study to evaluate the causal association of mitochondrial function with IS risk.
Methods
Mitochondrial proteins were considered the exposure factor, and IS was considered the outcome variable. Exposures and outcomes were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS database. First, we obtained 66 mitochondrial protein genome-wide association studies data sets from European populations, as well as IS data. We then performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to determine associations between mitochondrial proteins and IS. We additionally performed bidirectional MR analysis to examine the directions of the causal associations.
Results
IVW indicated that three mitochondrial proteins were associated with IS: ribosome-recycling factor (mtRRF) was negatively associated with IS [OR = 0.93, 95%CI (0.88–0.98), P = 0.005]; malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MLYCD) was negatively associated with IS [OR = 0.89, 95%CI (0.82–0.97), P = 0.005]; and mitochondrial Lon protease homolog (LONP1) was positively associated with IS [OR = 1.06, 95%CI (1.02–1.10), P = 0.004]. Sensitivity analysis indicated no evidence of reverse causality, pleiotropy, or heterogeneity, thus suggesting that MR was an effective method for causal inference in this study.
Conclusion
Our MR analysis indicated that three mitochondrial proteins are causally associated with IS, and may aid in early detection and prevention of IS at the microscopic molecular level. Our findings provide new insights into IS microscopic mechanisms and clinical research.
Evaluation of Reinforcement Learning in Transformer-based Molecular Design
Authors: He Jiazhen , Tibo Alessandro , Janet Jon Paul , Nittinger Eva , Tyrchan Christian , Czechtizky Werngard , Ola Engkvist 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Designing compounds with a range of desirable properties is a fundamental challenge in drug discovery. In pre-clinical early drug discovery, novel compounds are often designed based on an already existing promising starting compound thorough structural modifications for further property optimization. Recently, transformer-based deep learning models have been explored for the task of molecular optimization by training on pairs of similar molecules. This provides a starting point for generating similar molecules to a given input molecule, but has limited flexibility regarding user-defined property profiles. Here, we evaluate the effect of reinforcement learning on transformer-based molecular generative models. The generative model can be considered as a pre-trained model with knowledge of the chemical space close to an input compound, while reinforcement learning can be viewed as a tuning phase, steering the model towards chemical space with user-specific desirable properties. The evaluation of two distinct tasks - molecular optimization and scaffold hopping - suggest that reinforcement learning could guide the transformer-based generative model towards the generation of more compounds of interest. Additionally, the impact of pre-trained models, learning steps and learning rates are investigated.
ITER full model in MCNP for radiation safety demonstration
Authors: Juarez Rafael , Belotti Mario , Kolšek Aljaž , Lopez Victor , Alguacil Javier , Pedroche Gabriel , Lopez-Revelles Antonio-Jesus , Martinez-Albertos Pablo , De Pietri Marco , Guijosa Pol , Tonqueze Yannick Le , Loughlin Michael , Polunovskiy Eduard , Pampin Raul , Fabbri Marco , Sanz Javier 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Development of nuclear fusion as a safe and virtually limitless power source receives growing attention in the context of looming energy crisis and climate change. ITER project stands as the flagship international project and advances steadily. Construction of the Tokamak Complex is nearly finished, and the assembly of core components has started in the site. In parallel, design is getting finalized and the safety case gets more concrete. Current approaches for radiation safety demonstration based in 3D nuclear analysis require sophisticated artifacts due to the consideration of separate MCNP models for the Tokamak and the rest of the facility, resulting in cumbersome studies and thus, debilitated conclusions. To improve this situation, we have built the first integral MCNP model of the ITER facility: the ITER full model. Accompanied by improvements to the D1SUNED code, we illustrate its computational practicality and pertinence in two meaningful simulations for ITER safety case. This work represents the culmination of a two-decades-long effort of ITER modelling seeking to demonstrate the radiation safety. Beyond supporting the remaining design tasks, this model represents a noticeable simplification in the approach to produce the corresponding 3D nuclear analysis. It improves the robustness of the first-of-a-kind ITER safety case.
Bioethics Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Healthcare Professionals in Cameroon: A survey of doctors and nurses in Cameroon's Southwest Region
Authors: Dzi Kevin TJ , Ndong Oscaline N , Menkem Elisabeth Z , Tendongfor Nicholas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Knowledge of bioethics could assist healthcare professionals in working ethically, thus enhancing the quality of patient care. We conducted a study to assess physicians' and nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours regarding healthcare ethics in Cameroon's southwest region. 469 healthcare professionals were recruited, with 89.8% being nurses and 10.2% being doctors. Women made up 79.6% of nurses, while men made up 60.4% of physicians. The percentage of healthcare professionals who demonstrated good knowledge regarding the most commonly applied biomedical ethics principles varied from 62.9–73.1%. There were significant differences in agreement levels between doctors and nurses on statements such as physician-assisted suicide, physicians not refusing to assist with abortions if the law allowed it, and seeking informed consent only for operations and not tests. Nurses were three times more likely to agree with the statements that doctors cannot refuse abortion if the law allows it and that patients who want assisted suicide should be assisted to get it. Most healthcare providers were found to consistently adhere to healthcare ethics in their practices. However, there was a significant difference in opinion between doctors and nurses when asked if they ordered tests that were not medically necessary but were ordered for patient satisfaction, with nurses having a lower likelihood of agreeing to such practices than doctors. While participants demonstrated a moderate knowledge of healthcare ethics, additional educational interventions are needed to cultivate more favourable attitudes toward specific aspects of healthcare ethics, such as informed consent, patient autonomy, paternalism, and confidentiality.
Compositional analysis and trophic level study of shrimp trawl by-catch in waters around Lvhua Island, East China Sea
Authors: Liu Zhangbin , Zhang Jian , Chen Lili , Chen Jianqu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Shrimp trawling is a primary fishing method in the East China Sea. Based on survey data from fishery resource monitoring vessels and on-site sampling data collected before and after the 2020 fishing moratorium in the waters around Lvhua Island, East China Sea, we employed statistical and stable isotope methods to analyze the composition and trophic levels of shrimp trawl bycatch. The results revealed diverse species in the bycatch around Lvhua Island, primarily consisting of coastal benthic organisms. The composition structure exhibited significant differences before and after the fishing moratorium, with Sebastiscus marmoratus identified as the dominant species, showing relative importance index percentages (%IRI) of 29.49% and 78.05% before and after the moratorium, respectively. Stable isotope analysis determined carbon and nitrogen isotope values for the shrimp trawl bycatch around Lvhua Island before and after the moratorium, estimating average trophic levels of 3.43 and 3.60, placing the trophic hierarchy at level 3. The distribution of carbon stable isotope ratios indicated noticeable ecological niche overlap among various biological groups in the waters around Lvhua Island.
Voices from the Ground: Ethnographic Perspectives on Strengthening the Ugandan National Mental Health System: An Ethnographic Needs Assessment
Authors: Dwanyen Lekie , Luberenga Ibrahim , Asiimwe Ronald , Galukande Pendo , Blow Adrian , Kasujja Rosco 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Mental health capacity building is a critical need and a growing priority in Ugandan health and education systems. Despite increased governmental attention to community mental health and mental healthcare needs, no published assessments garner qualitative perspectives directly from stakeholders in the Ugandan mental health system. Addressing this gap, the goal of the current needs assessment study was to systematically explore stakeholders’ perceptions of strengths, challenges, and recommendations for enhancing capacity in the national mental health system in Uganda.
Methods
Using qualitative ethnographic methods, data was collected from key informants through interviews and focus groups. A total of 44 stakeholders, who were engaged in the mental health system, were included in our final sample.
Results
Thematic analyses of data yielded several themes in each category, including system strengths related to existing policy and action plan, free medications, private sector, partnerships and collaborations; system challenges including socioeconomic constraints, stigma, and limited family engagement; and recommendations for improvement including enhanced education and training, integrating systemic approaches, and policy advocacy.
Conclusion
The results of this study have clinical, research, and policy implications that may inform mental health capacity, not only in Uganda, but in other global settings, advancing capacity to respond to pressing community mental health needs.
The Role of Emodin in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer Based on
Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification
Authors: Liu Fule , Li Jianghao , Zhou Boruo , Shen Yang , Tang Jingyuan , Han Jie , Chen Changpeng , Shao Kang , Chen Haojie , Yuan Lin 
Published: March 2024

Background and Purpose:
Emodin, a compound derived from rhubarb and various
traditional Chinese medicines, exhibits a range of pharmacological actions, including antiinflammatory,
antiviral, and anticancer properties. Nevertheless, its pharmacological impact on
bladder cancer (BLCA) and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. This research aimed to
analyze the pharmacological mechanisms of Emodin against BLCA using network pharmacology
analysis and experimental verification.

Methods::
Initially, network pharmacology was employed to identify core targets and associated
pathways affected by Emodin in bladder cancer. Subsequently, the expression of key targets in
normal bladder tissues and BLCA tissues was assessed by searching the GEPIA and HPA
databases. The binding energy between Emodin and key targets was predicted using molecular
docking. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were carried out to confirm the predictions made
with network pharmacology.

Results::
Our analysis identified 148 common genes targeted by Emodin and BLCA, with the top
ten target genes including TP53, HSP90AA1, EGFR, MYC, CASP3, CDK1, PTPN11, EGF,
ESR1, and TNF. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)
pathway enrichment analyses indicated a significant correlation between Emodin and the PI3KAKT
pathway in the context of BLCA. Molecular docking investigations revealed a strong affinity
between Emodin and critical target proteins. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Emodin
inhibits T24 proliferation, migration, and invasion while inducing cell apoptosis. The findings
also indicated that Emodin reduces both PI3K and AKT protein and mRNA expression, suggesting
that Emodin may mitigate BLCA by modulating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.

Conclusion::
This study integrates network pharmacology with in vitro experimentation to elucidate
the potential mechanisms underlying the action of Emodin against BLCA. The results of this
research enhance our understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms by which Emodin may
be employed in treating BLCA.