bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of wheat cultivar parameters of the DSSAT model under different water and N treatments
Authors: Gao Shikai , He Pengcheng , Gong xuewen , Li hao , Liu yihao , Wang qian , Fu Yuliang , he aofeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

This work aims to quantify the extent to which the cultivar parameters in the DSSAT model affect the simulation output at different water and N application levels. To be specific, the Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (EFAST) method is used to analyze the global sensitivity and uncertainty of the cultivar parameters on the physiological indices output from the crop growth model under six different treatments. According to the test results it is a necessity to consider P5 and P1D when the focus is placed on top weight at maturity and dry matter-N fertilizer productivity; G2, G1, and P1D must be taken into account if the focus is placed on yield at harvest maturity and Grain N at maturity; it is crucial to consider P1D and P1V if the emphasis is laid on maximum leaf area index and dry matter-ET productivity. Moreover, uncertainty is introduced to examine the effect of differences among treatments on model simulation. It can be found out that the difference in uncertainty is less significant when the application level is between 200 kg/hm2 and 300 kg/hm2 N under no water stress treatment, as well as between 100 kg/hm2 and 200 kg/hm2 N under water stress treatment. To sum up, this study provides crucial support for the parameterization and popularization of the DSSAT model under different water and N management treatments.
Evaluating vaginal moisture in mice with calibrated filter paper
Authors: Liu Mohan , Charek Joseph G , Kurian Rose , Miguel Rodolfo D Vicetti , Cherpes Thomas L 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
Loss of ovarian estrogen (E) production in postmenopausal women causes vaginal dryness and irritation. The contraceptive depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) likewise promotes vaginal dryness by suppressing ovulation and reducing E production. While vaginal dryness in women is identified by self-report, mouse models of estrogen loss require methods are developed to objectively measure vaginal moisture.
Methods
Strips of calibrated filter paper, similar to those used to quantify lachrymal secretions, were intravaginally placed in untreated ovary-intact mice, DMPA-treated ovary-intact mice, and ovariectomized (OVX) mice to measure vaginal fluid levels.
Results
Median readings from calibrated filter paper strips from DMPA-treated and OVX mice were significantly lower than the median reading from estrus-stage mice. Levels of circulating estradiol were also significantly lower in DMPA-treated and OVX mice vs. estrus-stage mice.
Conclusions
Calibrated filter paper provides objective measure of vaginal moisture in mice. Current findings also indicate that hypoestrogenemic mice (DMPA-treated or OVX) accurately model the vaginal moisture losses identified in women with lower levels of circulating E.
Divergent host genetic architectures drive breed-specific modulation of the caecal microbiome in chickens
Authors: Dai Xiaoxia , Hinsu Ankit , Dadousis Christos , Hay Melanie , Fosso Bruno , Crotta Matteo , Pandit Ramesh , Guitian Javier , Tomley Fiona , Koringa Prakash , Joshi Chaitanya , Blake Damer P. , Psifidi Androniki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Enteric microbiota are crucial for animal health and performance, but their role is often challenging to determine. Host genetics appear to influence gut microbial communities, even among individuals in similar environments. This study aimed to identify host genetic variation associated with the caecal microbiota in two chicken breeds: the indigenous Indian Kadaknath and commercial Cobb400 broilers. Blood and caecal contents were collected from 300 chickens per breed in Western India. Genotyping was performed using the 600K Affymetrix Axiom HD single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, and caecal microbiota were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A subset of 40 chicken underwent whole genome sequencing for deeper genetic insights. SNP-based heritability estimates and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted separately for both breeds to explore the genetic background of caecal microbial structure (alpha and beta diversity) and the host’s influence on the establishment of different bacterial genera in the caeca, with a focus on potential pathogens.
Results:
The GWAS in Kadaknath chickens identified 108 significant SNPs across 26 Gallus gallus chromosomes (GGC1–GGC23, GGC27, and GGC28), associated with heritable caecal microbial traits, including microbiota structure and the abundance of specific genera. SNP-based heritability estimates ranged from 0.12 to 0.76, with the nearest genes predominantly involved in immune response and cell signaling pathways. In Cobb400 chickens, 71 significant SNPs were identified across 22 chromosomes (GGC1–GGC5, GGC7–GGC11, GGC14, GGC17–GGC22, GGC25–GGC28, and GGCZ), linked to heritable caecal microbial traits with heritability estimates from 0.16 to 0.61. Genes nearest to these SNPs were primarily associated with microbial regulation, growth processes, and adaptation under stress conditions. These findings underscore the role of host genetic variation in shaping caecal microbiota composition and diversity in indigenous and commercial chicken breeds and reveal breed-specific genetic architectures underlying caecal microbiota-related traits.
Conclusion:
This study provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of host-microbiome interactions in chickens, highlighting distinct breed-specific genetic influences on caecal microbiota composition. These findings have the potential to inform future genomic selection strategies aimed at enhancing protective or productive gut microbial populations while reducing reliance on antibiotics in poultry production.
FluxRETAP: A REaction TArget Prioritization Genome-Scale Modeling Technique for Selecting Genetic Targets
Authors: Czajka Jeffrey J. , Kim Joonhoon , Tang Yinjie J. , Pomraning Kyle R. , Mukhopadhyay Aindrila , Martin Hector Garcia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Metabolic engineering is evolving rapidly as a result of new advances in synthetic biology and automation, as well as the irruption of machine learning (ML). ML has been shown to provide the predictive power synthetic biology lacked and needed, and to be able to effectively guide the metabolic engineering process. However, current technical limitations prevent the independent application of ML approaches to metabolic engineering without the use of previous biological knowledge in the form of a prioritized list of desirable engineering targets. Here, we present FluxRETAP, a simple and computationally inexpensive method that leverages the prior mechanistic knowledge embedded in genome-scale metabolic models (GSMMs) for suggesting targets for genetic overexpression, downregulation or deletion, with the final goal of increasing the production of a desired metabolite. FluxRETAP captured 100% of reaction targets experimentally verified to improve Escherichia coli isoprenol production in the literature, 50% of targets that experimentally improved taxadiene production in E. coli and ~60% of genetic targets from a verified minimal constrained cut-set in Pseudomonas putida, while providing additional high priority targets that could be tested. Overall, FluxRETAP is an efficient algorithm for identifying a prioritized list of testable genetic and reaction targets which can also be utilized in ML pipelines.
Prechlorination of algae-laden water: the effects of ammonia on chlorinated disinfection byproduct formation during long-distance transportation
Authors: Jiang Yuancheng , Yu Zhao , Ni Rong , Yu Hongwei , Qi Jing , Li Haiyan , Hu Chengzhi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Prechlorination can cause algal cell damage and lead to the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). This study investigates the impact of ammonia (NH4+) concentration on the formation of carbon disinfection byproducts (C-DBPs) and nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) in algae-laden water during long-distance transportation. It was found that lower chlorine-to-ammonia (Cl2/NH4+) ratios resulted in less algal cell damage and lower DBP levels compared to higher ratios. Surprisingly, after 360 min of transport, C-DBP levels were consistently lower in samples with a Cl2/NH4+ ratio of 1:0 compared to those with a ratio of 1:0.05, despite similar algal cell damage. This difference is attributed to the varying release of algal organic matter (AOM) between the groups, with the 1:0 ratio group releasing more AOM. The presence of NH4+ appears to play a significant role in reducing algal cell damage, influencing AOM release and DBP formation. Dissolved organic carbon, mainly from proteins and polysaccharides, is the primary source of C-DBPs and is absorbed by dead algal cells, indicating a link between algal biomass and DBP formation. Therefore, when using prechlorination for algae-laden water treatment, both chlorine dosage and transport distance should be adjusted based on NH4+ concentration to minimize algal cell damage.
Pentigraf Bahan Ajar Untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas Menulis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama Di Lokasi Pariwisata Kawasan Teluk Tomini
Authors: Agriyanti Mestari Sri , El Walidayni Kau Magvirah , Rusnarti Usu Novi 
Published: February 2025

The goal to be achieved in this service activity is to increase student creativity in writing short stories through the use of 'Pentigraph' as teaching material by involving experience and the surrounding environment as a theme for writing paragraphs. This can provide valuable benefits for students who are in the coastal tourism area. Through learning creative writing about tourism and one's own culture can help strengthen cultural identity and increase pride in the cultural heritage. In addition, writing about cultural sites, traditional events, and other cultural heritage can stimulate interest in research and advocacy, enabling students to become conscious change agents committed to cultural sustainability and promoting responsible tourism practices in coastal tourism areas that not only help the local economy but also raise global awareness about the importance of cultural preservation.
The target participants of this activity are the surrounding community, namely adolescents and children located at the State Junior High School No. 1 Kabila Bone District, Bone Bolango Regency. This service activity will be carried out only for 1 meeting with a duration of 90 minutes. With this service activity, it is hoped that it will be able to help the tourism area community to be able to manage the tourism area and be able to serve visitors both local and foreign well.
Evaluation of Glazing and Polishing for Novel Chairside CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate Containing Virgilite Crystals
Authors: Abuhammoud S , Apiazu-Flores FX , Jurado CA , Rojas-Rueda S , Fischer NG , Afrashtehfar KI 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
This comparative in vitro study evaluated surface treatment methods for chairside CAD/CAM lithium disilicate enriched with virgilite using atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. Specimens were fabricated from two lithium disilicate materials: the traditional material (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and a virgilite-containing material (CEREC Tessera, Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC, USA). Surface roughness (Ra) [in micrometers (μm)] was quantitatively assessed with AFM. The results demonstrated that IPS e.max CAD with glazing exhibited the smoothest surface with the lowest Ra values (10.03 ± 5.03 μm). In contrast, CEREC Tessera exhibited the highest surface roughness when treated with glazing (51.98 ± 12.31 μm), while the zirconia polishing system provided a smoother surface (15.44 ± 9.69 μm).
Simple, Accurate Method for Clinical Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate in the Dog
Authors: Finco Delmar R. , Coulter Dwight B. , Barsanti Jeanne A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Simultaneous [l4C]inulin and exogenous creatinine clearance procedures were performed on 10 healthy adult dogs of both sexes after constant iv infusions of inulin and a single subcutaneous injection of creatinine. For 30 clearance procedures determined for 10 dogs, the creatinine/inulin (c/i) clearance ratio was 1.03 ± 0.01, and the results of the 2 tests were highly correlated (r = 0.91). Simultaneous [14C]inulin and endogenous creatinine clearance procedures were performed in the same 10 dogs. For 30 clearance procedures in these dogs, the c/i clearance ratio was 0.70 ± 0.06 and the 2 tests were less highly correlated (r = 0.79).
Fifteen clearance procedures of the same design were conducted on 5 dogs with azotemia induced by surgical reduction of renal mass. In these dogs, the exogenous c/i clearance ratio was 1.09 ± 0.12, and the endogenous c/i clearance ratio was 0.89 ± 0.07.
It was concluded that the single injection method of exogenous creatinine clearance was a valid method for clinical measurement of glomerular filtration rate in the female dog and would closely approximate glomerular filtration rate in male dogs without azotemia. At normal or near normal plasma creatinine levels, the endogenous creatinine clearance procedure gave erroneously low values for glomerular filtration rate when the common methods of creatinine analysis were used.
Suppression of Growth Hormone Secretion in Spontaneous Canine Hyperadrenocorticism and Its Reversal After Treatment
Authors: Peterson Mark E. , Altszuler Norman 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The plasma growth hormone response to the provocative agent, xylazine, was assessed in 4 dogs with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism, before and after therapy. Before treatment of the hyperadrenocorticism, no significant increase in growth hormone concentration occurred in any of the dogs following the administration of xylazine. A significant increase in growth hormone concentrations following xylazine administration occurred in 2 of the 3 dogs with hypophysis (pituitary)-dependent hyperadrenocorticism after treatment with mitotane (o,p'-DDD) and in 1 dog after surgical removal of a hyperfunctional adrenal adenoma. Although the impaired growth hormone response persisted in 1 dog, the administration of xylazine was repeated in this animal after only 3 weeks of mitotane therapy; it is likely that growth hormone unresponsiveness would reverse if the hyperadrenocorticism were controlled for a longer period. These findings demonstrate that in dogs, as in persons, the excessive production of endogenous corticosteroids associated with either hypophysis-dependent hyperadrenocorticism or hyperfunctional adrenal tumor can induce suppression of growth hormone release which is reversible following treatment.
Drug Interactions of Levamisole with Pyrantel Tartrate and Dichlorvos in Pigs
Authors: Hsu Walter H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The ld50 from subcutaneous administration of levamisole in castrated male pigs (15 to 25 kg) was established as 39.8 mg/kg. Oral administration of dichlorvos (60 mg/kg, 3 times the anthelmintic dosage level) 1 hour before levamisole injection lowered blood cholinesterase activity to approximately 60% that of the controls, but did not change the ld50 of levamisole. In contrast, oral administration of pyrantel tartrate (25 mg/kg, an anthelmintic dosage level) did not lower blood cholinesterase activity, but rather, increased the toxicity by lowering the ld50 of levamisole from 39.8 mg/kg to 27.5 mg/kg. The data supported the hypothesis that levamisole toxicity was enhanced by nicotine-like compounds (ie, pyrantel), but was not affected by organophosphates (ie, dichlorvos).
Comparison of Suitability of Dogs and Cats as Hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis
Authors: Crellin John R. , Marchiondo Alan A. , Andersen Ferron L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The suitability of dogs and cats as hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis was studied in animals which had each been infected orally with approximately 15,000 protoscolices. Twenty-one days after injection, the mean number of immature worms recovered from 12 dogs was 874.7 and from 12 cats was 101.7. The mean length of the worms was 1.21 mm in dogs and 1.00 mm in cats. The number and length of worms recovered from dogs were significantly greater (α = 0.01).
Inhibitory Effects of Combinations of Oxytetracycline, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, and EDTA-Tromethamine on Escherichia coli
Authors: Wooley R. E. , Gilbert J. P. , Shotts E. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli was obtained with subminimal inhibitory concentrations of oxytetracycline (otc) and EDTA-tromethamine. Inhibitory effects were not observed using combinations of dimethyl sulfoxide and otc or dimethyl sulfoxide and EDTA-trometh-amine. Neither EDTA-tromethamine nor otc used alone was capable of the same degree of inhibition. Using a 2-dimensional Microtiter checkerboard technique, the inhibitory activity of these combinations was studied and isobolograms were plotted. A synergistic effect was seen with combinations of otc and EDTA-tromethamine. Kinetic studies of microbial death, using subminimal inhibitory concentrations of these agents, confirmed these findings.
Pyrimidine-Specific 5′ Nucleotidase Activity in Bovine Erythrocytes: Effect of Phlebotomy and Lead Poisoning
Authors: George Jeanne Wright , Duncan J. Robert 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Erythrocyte pyrimidine-specific 5′ nucleotidase (PY5′N) (E.C. 3.1.3.5) was measured in healthy, anemic, and lead-poisoned calves to determine whether low activity of PY5′N is associated with the propensity of cattle to develop basophilic stippling of erythrocytes. Low activity of PY5′N has been associated with basophilic stippling of erythrocytes in persons with inherited hemolytic anemia and with lead poisoning.
A radiometric technique, using [14C]cytidine monophosphate as the substrate, was used to measure PY5′N activity. The erythrocytes from 4 healthy calves had much lower activity (mean of 7.1 ± 1.6 nmols of [14C]cytidine monophosphate hydrolyzed/min/g of hemoglobin) than has been reported for human erythrocytes. The pH response curve of bovine PY5′N was similar to that of the human enzyme, with maximal activity around pH 7. Experimental hemorrhagic anemia in these calves increased PY5′N activity 6-to 7-fold, with peak activity occurring concomitantly with maximum reticulocytosis. Two of the calves were then given lead per os, and the PY5′N activity decreased within 24 hours to base-line values. In the 2 other calves not given lead, the PY5′N activity declined slowly, but did not reach base-line values after 14 days.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Antibody to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Measurement of Antibody Titer in Horse Serum
Authors: Ueda Yahiro , Sanai Yutaka , Homma J. Yuzuru 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used for detection of immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG antibodies against a serologically common antigen (origmal endotoxin protein), protease, and elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The P aeruginosa antibody in horse sera was measured, using elisa.
Horseradish peroxidase-labeled rabbit anti-horse IgM and IgG antibodies were used for enzyme-labeled antibody conjugate. 5-Aminosalicylic acid and H2O2 were used for substrate. Sera collected from a vaccinated horse, a newborn foal, and 72 healthy racehorses were investigated for antibodies against P aeruginosa by elisa and passive hemagglutination procedure. Changes in IgM and IgG antibody titers with vaccination were clear by elisa. In the newborn foal, significant amounts of IgM and IgG antibodies from colostrum were present on the 1st day after birth. It was shown by elisa that the level of antibodies in the newborn decreased initially and then increased. Some antibodies against original endotoxin protein, protease, and elastase of P aeruginosa were detected in almost all the healthy racehorses investigated.
Effects on Ovine Fetuses of Exposure to Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus
Authors: Cutlip R. C. , Lehmkuhl H. D. , Whipp S. C. , McClurkin A. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fetuses of 20 pregnant ewes at 4 gestational periods (45, 55, 85, and 100 days) were inoculated with ovine progressive pneumonia virus. Fourteen of 16 fetuses exposed to virus before gestational day 80 were either resorbed or expelled, whereas 10 of 15 fetuses exposed to virus after day 80 were normal at birth. Three of the 9 expelled fetuses and 1 of 2 newborn lambs had accumulations of lymphoid cells in the lungs. Virus was readily isolated from the tissues of expelled fetuses and newborn lambs. Lambs did not have precipitating antibody to the virus at birth, but 3 of 5 lambs had specific antiviral antibody at 18 months of age.
Experimental infection of lambs with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and Pasteurella haemolytica: Clinical and microbiologic studies
Authors: Al-Darraji A. M. , Cutlip R. C. , Lehmkuhl H. D. , Graham D. L. , Kluge J. P. , Frank G. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Four-week-old lambs were inoculated transtracheally with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), Pasteurella haemolytica, or rsv and P haemolytica. When given in combination, rsv administration preceded P haemolytica by 3 or 5 days. Lambs inoculated with P haemolytica or rsv developed a mild respiratory tract disease accompanied by a transient pyrexia in a few lambs. By 24 hours after inoculation of bacteria, all lambs inoculated with rsv and P haemolytica were listless, reluctant to move, and exhibited hyperpnea and dyspnea. Most lambs had pyrexia and a few coughed and had serous nasal discharge. These clinical signs persisted for 3 to 4 days and were more pronounced in those inoculated with P haemolytica 5 days after rsv than in those inoculated with P haemolytica 3 days after rsv. Respiratory syncytial virus was isolated from 8 of 15 inoculated lambs and P haemolytica was isolated from 12 of 15 inoculated lambs. All lambs responded serologically to rsv, but none responded to P haemolytica.
Horizontal transmission of pseudorabies virus in cattle
Authors: Crandell Robert A. , Mesfin G. M. , Mock Richard E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pseudorabies virus (prv) was not transmitted horizontally from 3 prv-infected calves to 2 contact control calves during 4 days of comingling in experiment 1. Although these contact control calves developed clinical signs of pseudorabies when infected intranasally with prv in experiment 2, they did not transmit prv to a second pair of contact control calves. However, 1 of 2 pigs comingled with these 4 calves seroconverted.
During both experiments, moderate amounts (102 to 106 tcid50) of prv were present in the nasal secretions of the infected calves during the contact periods. All infected calves traumatized their nares or periorbital tissue. Infected calves developed a nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis mainly involving the brain stem. Four of the 5 infected calves had nonsuppurative ganglioneuritis and acute lymphoid necrosis of germinal centers. Virus could not be recovered from nasal and tonsillar swab samples from contact-control calves and pigs.
Preservation by lyophilization of anaplasmosis capillary tube-agglutination test antigen
Authors: Malhotra Mohinder N. , Ristic Miodrag , Levy Michael G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An antigen for anaplasmosis capillary tube agglutination test was lyophilized, using different stabilizers. The lyophilized and control (suspension) antigens were maintained at 4, 18, and 37 C and tested for reactivity with known positive and negative sera once every 7 days for a period of 28 days and then once every 2 weeks for a grand total of 154 days. Both the lyophilized and control antigens retained their antigenicities during the entire test period.