bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional intestinal monolayers from organoids derived from human iPS cells for drug discovery research
Authors: Inui Tatsuya , Uraya Yusei , Yokota Jumpei , Yamashita Tomoki , Kawai Kanae , Okada Kentaro , Ueyama-Toba Yukiko , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived enterocyte-like cells (ELCs) are expected to be useful for evaluating the intestinal absorption and metabolism of orally administered drugs. However, it is difficult to generate large amounts of ELCs with high quality because they cannot proliferate and be passaged.

Methods
To solve the issue above, we have established intestinal organoids from ELCs generated using our protocol. Furthermore, monolayers were produced from the organoids. We evaluated the usefulness of the monolayers by comparing their functions with those of the original ELCs and the organoids.

Results
We established organoids from ELCs (ELC-org) that could be passaged and maintained for more than a year. When ELC-org were dissociated into single cells and seeded on cell culture inserts (ELC-org-mono), they formed a tight monolayer in 3 days. Both ELC-org and ELC-org-mono were composed exclusively of epithelial cells. Gene expressions of many drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters in ELC-org-mono were enhanced, as compared with those in ELC-org, to a level comparable to those in adult human small intestine. The CYP3A4 activity level in ELC-org-mono was comparable or higher than that in primary cryopreserved human small intestinal cells. ELC-org-mono had the efflux activities of P-gp and BCRP. Importantly, ELC-org-mono maintained high intestinal functions without any negative effects even after long-term culture (for more than a year) or cryopreservation. RNA-seq analysis showed that ELC-org-mono were more mature as intestinal epithelial cells than ELCs or ELC-org.

Conclusions
We have successfully improved the function and convenience of ELCs by utilizing organoid technology.
Corona virus anxiety and Chinese students’ cognitive, affective, and behavioral engagement, and academic resilience: correlations and perceptions
Authors: Yang Xiaoling , Geng Yanmeng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
This study delves into the correlation between Corona Virus Anxiety (CVA) and the engagement as well as academic resilience of Chinese students. The context is set against the backdrop of the global pandemic, highlighting the potential psychological impact of COVID-19 on students’ well-being and academic performance.

Objectives
The primary objectives of this research are to investigate the relationship between CVA and various dimensions of student engagement, including affective, behavioral, and cognitive aspects. Additionally, the study aims to explore how CVA influences academic resilience, with a focus on persistence and self-regulation. The dual-objective approach employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.

Methodology
A mixed-methods approach is employed, combining quantitative data from scales measuring CVA, engagement, and academic resilience with qualitative insights obtained through interviews. The research sample consists of 390 students from Mudanjiang Medical University. Quantitative data are analyzed using Pearson correlation tests, while thematic analysis is applied to interpret the qualitative findings from interviews.

Results
Quantitative data analysis reveals significant negative correlations between CVA and multiple dimensions of student engagement, indicating that higher CVA levels are associated with lower engagement levels. Academic resilience, though relatively high among participants, also exhibits negative correlations with CVA, particularly in terms of persistence and self-regulation. The qualitative findings uncover six main themes elucidating the impact of CVA on students, ranging from emotional and cognitive engagement to the social and technological challenges posed by the pandemic.

Conclusions and implications
The research concludes that CVA significantly influences students’ engagement and academic resilience. The qualitative insights contribute to a nuanced understanding of the diverse challenges students face during the pandemic. These findings have broad implications for students, university administrators, educators, and educational psychologists, highlighting the importance of addressing mental health concerns and providing adequate support systems in the context of global crises.
Evaluating the effects of simulation training on stroke thrombolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aljuwaiser Sameera , Abdel-Fattah Abdel Rahman , Brown Craig , Kane Leia , Cooper Jamie , Mostafa Alyaa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Ischaemic strokes are medical emergencies, and reperfusion treatment, most commonly intravenous thrombolysis, is time-critical. Thrombolysis administration relies on well-organised pathways of care with highly skilled and efficient clinicians. Simulation training is a widespread teaching modality, but results from studies on the impact of this intervention have yet to be synthesised. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesise the evidence and provide a recommendation regarding the effects of simulation training for healthcare professionals on door-to-needle time in the emergency thrombolysis of patients with ischaemic stroke.

Methods
Seven electronic databases were systematically searched (last updated 12th July 2023) for eligible full-text articles and conference abstracts. Results were screened for relevance by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome was door-to-needle time for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator administration in emergency patients with ischaemic stroke. The secondary outcomes were learner-centred, improvements in knowledge and communication, self-perceived usefulness of training, and feeling ‘safe’ in thrombolysis-related decision-making. Data were extracted, risk of study bias assessed, and analysis was performed using RevMan™ software (Web version 5.6.0, The Cochrane Collaboration). The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument.

Results
Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis and nineteen in the qualitative synthesis (n = 20,189 total patients). There were statistically significant effects of simulation training in reducing door-to-needle time; mean difference of 15 min [95% confidence intervals (CI) 8 to 21 min]; in improving healthcare professionals’ acute stroke care knowledge; risk ratio (RR) 0.42 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.60); and in feeling ‘safe’ in thrombolysis-related decision-making; RR 0.46 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.59). Furthermore, simulation training improved healthcare professionals' communication and was self-perceived as useful training.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis showed that simulation training improves door-to-needle times for the delivery of thrombolysis in ischaemic stroke. However, results should be interpreted with caution due to the heterogeneity of the included studies.
Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio as predictors of MS severity: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fathy Sabah E. , AbdAllah Amany M. , Helal Rania Y. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disabling immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system. Ministry of Health and Population’s statistics show that MS comprise 1.4% of all neurological diseases, putting into consideration, current economic crisis; it is needed to predict disease severity with an acceptable cost-effective method. Complete blood count (CBC) parameters are supposed to be cheap, and simple markers for the systemic inflammatory state. This study aims at evaluating role of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting the severity of MS. Therefore, this retrospective cohort study was done on 150 MS patients attending MS clinic during year 2022. All patients were subjected to complete medical history. Estimation of the disability was done through the extended disability status scale (EDSS) and analysis of different parameters of baseline CBC before starting therapy.

Results
A cutoff value of NLR ≥ 2.95 and PLR ≥ 201.5 could predict prognosis of MS. Risk factors of sever MS are high NLR, PLR, high body mass index and absence of disease-modifying therapy.

Conclusions
Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio are cheap valid useful predictors of increased relapse rate and severity in MS. Highlighting the role of both ratios at time of first diagnosis helps physicians to predict prognosis of patients in context of severity. Paying special attention to those with higher ratios can lead to improve patient outcome and reducing disease burden.
12-month risk factor evaluation for persistent pulmonary symptoms in long COVID-19 patients
Authors: Emad Eldin Eman M. , Mohammed Randa S. , Batanony Mahmoud M. E. L. , Al-Sharawy Laila A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Knowledge of the sequelae of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still limited owing to the relative recent onset of the disease. However, the study of other different types of coronavirus infections prior to COVID-19 infection reports that the patients may experience persistent symptoms following the infection.

The aim of this study
Assessment and follow-up of persistent respiratory symptoms in patients recovered from acute COVID-19 infection.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, COVID-19 patients diagnosed at Beni-Suef University hospital and followed up prospectively at 3, 6, and 12 months after discontinuation of quarantine. Patients were interviewed for persistent respiratory symptoms then underwent assessment by physical examination and routine labs.

Results
Seventy-one patients were evaluated and participated in this study. The mean age of the patients was 47 years and 46 (64%) of them were females. After 3 months, 77.5% of the patients had persistent dyspnea, 57.7% persistent fatigue, 15.5% persistent cough, and 8.5% persistent chest pain. At the 6th month, dyspnea and fatigue persisted in 33.8% and 22.5% of cases respectively while at the 12th month dyspnea persisted in 22.5% of cases. Old age, smoking, diabetes mellitus, severity of the disease, and hypoxemia on admission were associated factors with persistent symptoms.

Conclusion
Our result added to the growing evidence that there are pulmonary sequelae in COVID-19 survivors, which may become a significant chronic global pulmonary health problem.
Right ventricular assessment of the adolescent footballer’s heart
Authors: Augustine D. X. , Willis J. , Sivalokanathan S. , Wild C. , Sharma A. , Zaidi A. , Pearce K. , Stuart G. , Papadakis M. , Sharma S. , Malhotra A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Athletic training can result in electrical and structural changes of the right ventricle that may mimic phenotypical features of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), such as T-wave inversion and right heart dilatation. An erroneous interpretation may have consequences ranging from false reassurance in an athlete vulnerable to cardiac arrhythmias, to unnecessary sports restriction in a healthy individual. The primary aim of this study was to define normal RV dimension reference ranges for academy adolescent footballers of different ethnicities. Secondary aims include analysis of potential overlap between this adolescent group with ARVC criteria and comparison with normal adult ranges.

Results
Electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic data of 1087 academy male footballers aged between 13 and 18 years old (mean age 16.0 ± 0.5 years), attending mandatory cardiac screening were analysed. Ethnicity was categorised as white (n = 826), black (African/Caribbean; n = 166) and mixed-race (one parent white and one parent black; n = 95). Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy major criteria for T-wave inversion was seen in 3.3% of the cohort. This was more prevalent in black footballers (12%) when compared to mixed race footballers (6.3%) or white footballers (1%), P < 0.05. Up to 59% of the cohort exceeded adult reference ranges for some of the right ventricular parameters, although values were similar to those seen in adult footballers. There were no differences in right ventricular dimensions between ethnicities. In particular, the right ventricular outflow tract diameter would fulfil major criteria for ARVC dimension in 12% of footballers. Overall, 0.2% of the cohort would fulfil diagnosis for ‘definite’ arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and 2.2% would fulfil diagnosis for ‘borderline’ arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy for RV dimensions and ECG changes. This was seen more frequently in black footballers (9.9%) than mixed race footballers (3.9%) or white footballer (0.6%), P < 0.05. Among athletes meeting definite or borderline arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy criteria, no cardiomyopathy was identified after comprehensive clinical assessment, including with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, exercise testing, ambulatory electrocardiograms and familial evaluation.

Conclusion
Right heart sizes in excess of accepted adult ranges occurred in as many as one in two adolescent footballers. Structural adaptations in conjunction with anterior T-wave inversion may raise concern for ARVC, highlighting the need for evaluation in expert settings.
Epilepsia Partialis Continua as a Sequelae of Measles Infection in Children With Hematolymphoid Malignancies
Authors: Sharma Sudivya , Dhamne Chetan , Bhosale Shilpushp , Parambil Badira , Divatia Jigeeshu , Chinnaswamy Girish , Patil Vasundhara , Joshi Rishikesh , Epari Sridhar , Mahadevan Anita , Vaidya Sunil , Kulkarni Shilpa , Kulkarni Atul , Patil Vijaya , Srinivasan Shyam , Gollamudi Venkata Rama Mohan , Roy Moulik Nirmalya , Prasad Maya , Narula Gaurav , Banavali Shripad 
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE To share our clinical experience with the diagnosis and management of children with hematolymphoid malignancies presenting with epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) as a sequelae of measles infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS In December 2022, a series of children in our hemato-oncology unit presented with focal status epilepticus with no conclusive evidence pointing toward any underlying etiology. One such child had a typical measles rash a few weeks before the onset of this focal status epilepticus. After a series of cases with a similar presentation, a clinical pattern suspicious for measles became evident. cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction was positive for measles virus with measles immunoglobin M detected in the serum. This led to the diagnosis of measles inclusion-body encephalitis in a series of children who presented with EPC over a period of 3 months. EPC is a rare manifestation of measles that is seen only in immunocompromised patients. RESULTS Among the 18 children reported in this series, only 10 had a history of rashes. The rash was mostly transient and elicited only on retrospective history taking. Five of the 18 children who did not lose consciousness during the prolonged seizure episode survived the disease but had residual neurologic sequelae. Among the 18 children, two were unimmunized and immunization status could not be confirmed in three other children. CONCLUSION This case series highlights the threats posed by measles infection in children with cancer who are immunosuppressed because of the underlying disease and ongoing chemotherapy. Loss of herd immunity because of declining measles immunization rates secondary to vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 lockdown pose a greater risk of measles infection and its complications for patients with deficient immune systems.
Clinical Outcomes and Implications of Radioactive Iodine Therapy on Cancer-specific Survival in WHO Classification of FTC
Authors: Li Genpeng , Ye Ziyang , Wei Tao , Zhu Jingqiang , Li Zhihui , Lei Jianyong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The clinical outcomes and implications of radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) on cancer-specific survival (CSS) in World Health Organization classification of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) are not well established.

Material and Methods
The data of eligible patients with minimally invasive FTC (mi-FTC), encapsulated angioinvasive FTC (ea-FTC), or widely invasive FTC (wi-FTC) between 2000 and 2020 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. CSS, the primary outcome, was compared among the 3 subtypes of patients with FTC before and after adjusting for differences using propensity score matching (PSM). The patients with FTC in different subtypes were then divided into 2 groups: the RAIT group and the no-RAIT group. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were applied to discover the relationships of factors associated with CSS in the each PSM cohort.

Results
A total of 2433 patients with mi-FTC, 216 patients with ea-FTC, and 554 patients with wi-FTC were enrolled in the original cohorts, respectively. Patients with mi-FTC or ea-FTC had similar CSS (P = .805), which was better than that of patients with wi-FTC (P &lt; .001; P = .021). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that RAIT was not associated with improved CSS in either the mi-FTC PSM cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% CI, .46-3.18; P = .705) or the wi-FTC PSM cohort (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, .35-1.08; P = .086). However, subgroup analysis demonstrated that patients with wi-FTC and N1 stage (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, .20-.99; P = .018) or M1 stage (HR, 0.25; 95% CI, .11-.53; P &lt; .001) could gain CSS advantage from RAIT.

Conclusion
The RAIT can provide a CSS advantage for patients with wi-FTC who with N1-stage or M1-stage disease.
Spirits with Morality: Social Criticism and Notions of a Good Life in Laos through theBangbotImaginary
Authors: Kleinod-Freudenberg Michael , Chanthavong Sypha 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article approaches notions of a good life in Laos via the imaginary of the bangbot (literally: “hidden in the shade,” i.e., “invisible”), a benevolent forest spirit of high moral integrity. The bangbot live in observance of the monastic precepts of Lao Buddhism deep in the jungle, far from human settlements, tying morality to undisturbed, remote forests. The article argues that this connection of morality with deep forest enables criticism and narratives about the good life at a time when “turning land into capital” is materializing in rapid deforestation. We suggest that the potential of this imaginary for socioecological criticism and alternative visions depends on social structure and historical context. While bangbot were instrumental in violent anti-colonial revolt, lending political legitimacy to rural ethnic elites, in today's context of frontier plunder vs. conservation, they are tamed to lend legitimacy to emerging urban milieus with a socioecological orientation. Thus the cultural, sociological, and ecological dynamics of Lao's late socialism are entangled in the spirit-figure of the bangbot.
Сondition of pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems in guinea pigs’ lungs under the condition of immobilization stress.
Authors: Baida Mariana , Hot Iryna , Antonenko Yuliia 
Published: February 2024

We have investigated the results of alterations in indices of pro-oxidant (conjugated diene and malondialdehyde ) and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, ceruloplasmin, catalase) systems in guinea pigs’ lungs under the conditions of immobilization stress. The experiment was conducted on 40 female guinea pigs weighing 0.18-0.20 kg. The animals were divided into 4 groups, each contained 10 guinea pigs: I – intact guinea pigs ( control), II–guinea pigs with model of IS on1st day of experiment;Ш–animals on 2nd day of experiment;IV- group of animals on 34th day of experimental model of IS.
The results of our experimental work showed a significant accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in the lung`s tissure in different periods ( on 1st, 2nd and 34th days) of immobilization stress. The state of antioxidant defence was characterized by moderate decrease of inzymes activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase and ceruloplasmin). disorders of balance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems couse oxidative stress development.
Modeling the persistence of Opisthorchis viverrini worm burden after mass-drug administration and education campaigns with systematic adherence
Authors: Kamber Lars , Bürli Christine , Harbrecht Helmut , Odermatt Peter , Sayasone Somphou , Chitnis Nakul 
Published: February 2024

Opisthorchis viverriniis a parasitic liver fluke contracted by consumption of raw fish, which affects over 10 million people in Southeast Asia despite sustained control efforts. Chronic infections are a risk factor for the often fatal bile duct cancer, cholangiocarcinoma. Previous modeling predicted rapid elimination ofO. viverrinifollowing yearly mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns. However, field data collected in affected populations shows persistence of infection, including heavy worm burden, after many years of repeated interventions. A plausible explanation for this observation is systematic adherence of individuals in health campaigns, such as MDA and education, with some individuals consistently missing treatment.We developed an agent-based model ofO. viverriniwhich allows us to introduce various heterogeneities including systematic adherence to MDA and education campaigns at the individual level. We validate the agent-based model by comparing it to a previously published population-based model. We estimate the degree of systematic adherence to MDA and education campaigns indirectly, using epidemiological data collected in Lao PDR before and after 5 years of repeated MDA, education and sanitation improvement campaigns. We predict the impact of interventions deployed singly and in combination, with and without the estimated systematic adherence.We show how systematic adherence can substantially increase the time required to achieve reductions in worm burden. However, we predict that yearly MDA campaigns alone can result in a strong reduction of moderate and heavy worm burden, even under systematic adherence. We predict latrines and education campaigns to be particularly important for the reduction in overall prevalence, and therefore, ultimately, elimination. Our findings show how systematic adherence can explain the observed persistence of worm burden; while emphasizing the benefit of interventions for the entire population, even under systematic adherence. At the same time, the results highlight the substantial opportunity to further reduce worm burden if patterns of systematic adherence can be overcome.
NRF2 in kidney physiology and disease
Authors: Bondi Corry D. , Hartman Hannah L. , Tan Roderick J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe role of NRF2 in kidney biology has received considerable interest over the past decade. NRF2 transcriptionally controls genes responsible for cellular protection against oxidative and electrophilic stress and has anti‐inflammatory functions. NRF2 is expressed throughout the kidney and plays a role in salt and water handling. In disease, animal studies show that NRF2 protects against tubulointerstitial damage and reduces interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, and may slow progression of polycystic kidney disease. However, the role of NRF2 in proteinuric glomerular diseases is controversial. Although the NRF2 inducer, bardoxolone methyl (CDDO‐Me), increases glomerular filtration rate in humans, it has not been shown to slow disease progression in diabetic kidney disease and Alport syndrome. Furthermore, bardoxolone methyl was associated with negative effects on fluid retention, proteinuria, and blood pressure. Several animal studies replicate findings of worsened proteinuria and a more rapid progression of kidney disease, although considerable controversy exists. It is clear that further study is needed to better understand the effects of NRF2 in the kidney. This review summarizes the available data to clarify the promise and risks associated with targeting NRF2 activity in the kidney.