bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Markers of <em>Helicobacter pylori </em>Antibiotic Resistance in Moscow
Authors: Bodunova Natalia , Tsapkova Larisa , Polyakova Vera , Baratova Irina , Rumyantsev Konstantin , Dekhnich Natalia , Nikolskaya Karina , Chebotareva Margarita , Voynovan Irina , Parfenchikova Elena , Pronina Galina , Chernikova Ekaterina , Bordin Dmitry 
Published: April 2024

The Maastricht VI/Florence consensus recommends, as one of the measures to enhance the efficacy of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection eradication, a personalized treatment approach involving the selection of an antimicrobial agent based on the pre-determined resistance of H. pylori. To meet the need to develop test systems for personalized drug selection, we conducted a study of H. pylori molecular resistance in Moscow using a self-developed Sanger sequencing test platform. We validated our test system on 25 pure culture samples of H. pylori with known resistance. Sensitivity and specificity for detecting resistance to clarithromycin was 100%, and to levofloxacin - 93% and 92%, respectively. Then we tested our platform on 112 H. pylori -positive patients who had not previously received proton pump inhibitors (PPI) or antibacterial drugs. Mutations indicating resistance to clarithromycin were found in 27 (24%) samples, and to levofloxacin in 26 (23%) samples. Double resistance was observed in 16 (14%) samples. The most common mutations leading to clarithromycin resistance were 2143G and 2142G, to levofloxacin resistance – 261A and 271A in the gyrA gene, which account for 69% of all identified genetic determinants in levofloxacin-resistant bacteria. Thus, a personalized approach to the selection of H. pylori eradication therapy based on the detection of bacterial resistance before prescribing first-line therapy could help avoid the prescription of ineffective H. pylori eradication therapies and, overall, contribute to the control of antibiotic resistance of H. pylori.
Manufacture of <em>Corallopyronin B </em>Antibiotic from Heterogeneous Soil Environments in Egypt
Authors: Kassab Mohammed Mahmoud Shawky 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Antibiotic resistance is an urgent issue everywhere in the globe. It is necessary to look into new sources of antibiotics to address this issue.
Aim of the study:
studying the purification of Corallopyronin B from various soil conditions in Egypt, as well as the antibacterial effectiveness of Corallopyronin B in preclinical animal testing and randomized human clinical trials phases 1/2.
Type of the study:
Screening experimental study.
Methodology:
Several soil conditions in Egypt were examined to create bacterial isolates that generated the antibiotic chemical Corallopyronin B. Using reversed-phase HPLC, Myxopyronin B was purified. The test antibiotic&#039;s minimum inhibitory concentration( MIC) and in vitro antibacterial activity were ascertained using the paper disc diffusion assay and the broth microdilution technique. Furthermore, in stages 1/2 of randomized clinical trials including human and animal models, pharmacokinetics, adverse drug reactions, and the in vivo antibacterial spectrum were discovered.
Results:
The soil bacterial isolate Corallococcus coralloides DSM 2259, which was grown on a Casein yeast peptone( CYP) plate, produced Corallopyronin B from its culture supernatant. At MICs more than 100 mcg/ml, the test antibiotic inhibited the growth of many Gram -ve bacteria, including Escherichia coli, while also preventing the growth of numerous Gram +ve bacteria, with MICs ranging from 1 to 10 mcg/ml. Eukaryotic cells, on the other hand, including those in humans and fungi, were unharmed. The test antibiotic was shown to have a bactericidal effect by inhibiting bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase( RNLP).
In phases 1/2 of randomized human clinical trials, when 600 mg of the dose per 70 kg of body weight was administered SC, the Cmax was 8.6 mcg/ml at Tmax 1 hour; T1/2 reached 136 min following first-order kinetics of elimination. It stopped acting around 6-7 hours after SC was administered. In the preclinical and randomized human clinical trial phases 1/2, less than 6 percent of experimental candidates had uncommon toxicity, which showed up as reduced bile flow. Protein binding with plasma albumin was detected which reached about 83%.
Conclusion:
The current work was noteworthy since it involved the production of the bactericidal antibiotic Corallopyronin B from Corallococcus coralloides DSM 2259 which was isolated from several soil environments in Egypt.
Prevalence of Rotational Malalignment After Infrapatellar Versus Suprapatellar Intramedullary Nailing of Tibial Shaft Fractures
Authors: Alderlieste Dagmar S. , Cain Megan E. , van der Gaast Nynke , Verbakel Joy , Edwards Britt , Jaarsma Emily H. , Hendrickx Laurent A.M. , IJpma F.F.A. , Hermans Erik , Edwards Michael J.R. , Doornberg Job N. , Jaarsma Ruurd L. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Up to 30% of patients with a tibial shaft fracture sustain iatrogenic rotational malalignment (RM) after infrapatellar (IP) nailing. Although IP nailing remains the management of choice for most patients, suprapatellar (SP) nailing has been gaining popularity. It is currently unknown whether SP nailing can provide superior outcomes with regard to tibial RM. The aim of this study was to compare the differences in the prevalence of RM following IP versus SP nailing.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 253 patients with a unilateral, closed tibial shaft fracture treated with either an IP or SP approach between January 2009 and April 2023 in a Level-I trauma center. All patients underwent a postoperative, protocolized, bilateral computed tomography (CT) scan for RM assessment.

Results:
RM was observed in 30% and 33% of patients treated with IP and SP nailing, respectively. These results indicate no significant difference (p = 0.639) in the prevalence of RM between approaches. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the distribution (p = 0.553) and direction of RM (p = 0.771) between the 2 approaches. With the IP and SP approaches, nailing of left-sided tibial shaft fractures resulted in predominantly internal RM (85% and 73%, respectively), while nailing of right-sided tibial shaft fractures resulted in predominantly external RM (90% and 80%, respectively). The intraobserver reliability for the CT measurements was 0.95.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of RM was not influenced by the entry point of tibial nailing (i.e., IP versus SP). Hence, the choice of surgical approach should rely on factors other than the risk of RM.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Contamination Alert: Microbial and Heavy Metal Levels in Green Vegetables
Authors: Ali Naqaa K. 
Published: April 2024

This study investigated microbial and heavy metal contamination in leeks, a staple green vegetable, focusing on seasonal variations and contamination sources. One hundred leek samples were analyzed for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and heavy metals such as zinc, copper, and lead. Findings indicated contamination was higher in district areas compared to city centers, with the highest concentrations of zinc reaching 28.41 ppm during the summer. Results highlight the urgent need for improved contamination prevention measures and increased health awareness to ensure vegetable safety.
Highlights:

Higher District Contamination: Microbial levels were notably higher in district areas compared to city centers.
Seasonal Metal Peaks: Zinc concentration spiked during the summer, reflecting seasonal impacts on heavy metal levels.
Urgent Safety Measures: The results call for urgent improvements in contamination prevention and public health education.

Keywords: Vegetable Safety, Microbial Contamination, Heavy Metals, Seasonal Variation, Public Health Awareness
Micropaleontological Evidence of A Submarine Fan in the Lower Coaledo Formation, Southwestern Oregon, USA
Authors: McDougall Kristin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The middle Eocene lower Coaledo Formation was interpreted as ten shoaling upward delta-margin cycles based on sediments and macrofauna. The strata, however, contains deep-water foraminifers. Explanations to resolve this anomaly included reworking, bathymetric range extension, or upward migration of water masses. Paleoecology analysis of foraminifers indicates that the few shelf species are poorly preserved whereas the well-preserved lower bathyal species dominate, and planktic organisms are present. Evidence for reworking, bathymetric range extension, or upward migration of water masses was not found in any of the cycles. The paleoecologic utility of hummocky cross-bedded sandstones is questioned as these features are controversial. In addition, there is no evidence of sea-level changes or tectonic activity to accommodate the bathymetric changes needed. Deposition of the lower Coaledo Formation on a submarine fan at lower bathyal depths eliminates the need to explain bathymetric anomalies or lack of tectonic movement.
Environmental Signatures Preserved in Extremely Shallow-Water Benthic
Foraminiferal Assemblages From Oman, Arabian Sea
Authors: Trubin Yaroslav S. , Kamoun Mohamed , Langer Martin R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The composition and preservation state of testate foraminiferal assemblages
is of highest importance for paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstructions.
Nearshore coastal areas, however, are often subject to harsh conditions, being
shaped by continuous wave action and exposed to turbulence, erosion, and dynamic
processes of sediment reworking. Situated at the interface between land and water,
the environmental signatures preserved in assemblages of benthic foraminifera from
coastal environments are therefore prone to taphonomic alterations, which
potentially bias the fossil record and compromise accurate reconstructions. In
this study, we have analysed the composition and preservation of benthic
foraminifera from a suite of extremely shallow-water habitats along the Dhofar
coastline (Oman) to document the structure of assemblages and illustrate their
species richness. Our analyses show that extremely shallow foraminiferal
assemblages from the southern coast of Oman retain the environmental signatures of
their habitats despite intense environmental processes, making them useful for
paleoenvironmental studies. Features of these signatures are recorded in the
structural composition, species richness, dominance, and diversity indices of
foraminiferal communities, in addition to numerical abundances of shell
preservation groups.
New Early Rupelian Endemic Porcellaneous Larger Foraminifera from the Prebetic Range, Westernmost Tethys. Discussion on Praerhapydionina
Authors: Ferràndez-Cañadell Carles 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Peneroplis peramplus n. sp. and Spirolinella emmae n. gen., n. sp. are described from the early Rupelian of the Ibi section in the Prebetic Range (southeastern Iberia). The former is a Peneroplis species of evolute annular growth with a large bilocular megalospheric embryo. Spirolinella n. gen. is similar to Spirolina, from which it differs by a complex aperture. Spirolinella is also similar to Praerhapydionina, but it completely lacks radial partitions. It also differs in the wall texture, homogeneous in Spirolinella and with a pseudokeriotheca-like texture in Praerhapydionina. This newly observed character in Praerhapydionina will help to identify the genus and verify its presumed cosmopolitan distribution. The two new species show the same stratigraphical range, corresponding to the Shallow Benthic Zone SBZ 21, early Rupelian, and are considered endemic to the carbonate platform that developed during the Paleogene in the southeastern margin of the Iberian plate, at the westernmost Tethys.
Foraminiferal Assemblages As Bioindicators In The Western Caribbean: Albuquerque Cay (Colombia)
Authors: Patarroyo German D. , Torres Gustavo A. , Gómez Diego F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The San Andrés Archipelago (Colombia) constitutes a biological hotspot for the Western Caribbean. However, expanding human populations and unrestrained exploitation of the natural resources jeopardize the sustainability of key ecosystems in most of the islands. We surveyed the benthic foraminiferal assemblages of Albuquerque Cay, a relatively isolated location in the archipelago, during an ecosystem monitoring expedition in 2018.
Assemblages recorded from the lagoon and shoreface settings were characteristics of a typical Caribbean reef lagoon. Porcelaneous forms and genera that host algal symbionts, including Archaias, Amphistegina, Heterostegina, Laevipeneroplis, and Sorites, were common, as were smaller taxa, especially Quinqueloculina, Rotorbinella, and Cymbaloporetta were also found in variable proportions, while stress-tolerant and agglutinated taxa were scarce (Elphidium, Clavulina). Results suggest differences in the composition of the assemblages from both sandy cays and the reef lagoon settings, likely conditioned by hydrodynamic fluctuations and nutrient availability. Moreover, a preliminary survey of the FoRAM Index (FI) suggests moderate to good conditions for the environments of Albuquerque Cay, contrasting with estimations of the FI in other insular bodies of the area. Therefore, future studies in the archipelago could reinforce the great potential that foraminiferal assemblages have as bioindicators in this part of the Caribbean.
Changes in the Microbial Community Associated with the Large Benthic Foraminifera Cycloclypeus Carpenteri, Along a Depth Gradient
Authors: Versteegen Elien , Macher Jan N. , Rowley Sonia J. , Renema Willem 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cycloclypeus carpenteri is one of the deepest living large benthic foraminifera. It has an obligatory relationship with diatom photosymbionts, and, in addition, houses a diverse prokaryotic community. Variations in the eukaryotic and prokaryotic endobiotic community composition might be key in allowing Cycloclypeus to occur in low light environments. We assessed the variability of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities associated with Cycloclypeus along a depth gradient from 50 to 130 m at two locations in the Federated States of Micronesia (Northwest Pacific) by metabarcoding of the 18S V9 rRNA region for eukaryotes and the 16S V3-V4 rRNA region for prokaryotes. We observed a single foraminiferal operational taxonomic unit (OTU), as well as a single dominant diatom OTU that was abundant in all sequenced specimens. Both the prokaryotic and the eukaryotic endobiotic communities (excluding the dominant diatom) changed with water depth and associated irradiance levels. We observed a distinct change in the prokaryotic community composition around 90–100 m water depth at Pohnpei, equivalent to ∼1% surface radiation. This change in microbial communities in the Cycloclypeus holobiont suggests a potential role of the associated microbial communities in accommodating differences in (micro)habitat, although we cannot exclude that the prokaryote community is to a large extent driven by their community composition in the ambient environment.
A co-rotational finite element with embedded plastic discontinuities consistently accounting for distributed loads
Authors: Cordeiro Sergio , Tasinaffo Rafael Isidoro , Monteiro Fra Correia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

A co-rotational model with distributed loads is employed to analyze planar frames considering plasticity effects lumped by means of embedded discontinuities. The model consistently accounts for the influence of distributed loads into the tangent stiffness matrix, which appears in the co-rotational description of motion. The element is locally formulated as the traditional linear Euler-Bernoulli element. The plastic embedded discontinuities are introduced into the generalized strains fields by Dirac deltas centered at the element ends, naturally resulting in the lumped plasticity local element formulation. The global nonlinear equilibrium equations are solved by either force- or displacement-control Newton based procedure, depending on the observed snaping phenomena. On the other hand, the plastic constrained nonlinear system of equations related to the local problems is solved with a Newton-Raphson approach, running through all feasible plastic possibilities. Both the stiffness and local problem tangent matrix are explicitly presented. Four examples are presented to demonstrate the robustness of the formulation to deal with elastoplastic nonlinear analysis of frames.
One-step Radiosynthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Molecular Probe [18F]FEtO-CHC Targeting Monocarboxylate Transporters for PET Imaging in Tumor-bearing Mice
Authors: Shi Dongmei , Liu Ling , Qin Kaixin , Zheng Yuzhou , Hu Wenhao , You Jiarui , Wu Ping , Hao Xinzhong , Liu Haiyan , Gao Jie , Li Jianguo , Wu Zhifang , Li Sijin , Wang Hongliang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The visualization and quantitative analysis of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) hold significant application value in comprehending the metabolic symbiosis, acid resistance, and invasion mechanisms of tumors. Thus, we designed and synthesized a novel MCTs-targeting radiotracer [18F]FEtO-CHC and gave a comprehensive evaluation in vitro and in vivo experiments for it.
Procedures
The preparations for the precursor and reference of [18F]FEtO-CHC were encompassed. In vitro evaluation included compound identification, purity, stability, liposolubility, and assays in BxPC3 and 4T1 tumor cell lines. Dynamic Micro-PET imaging was performed in tumor-bearing mice to determine its in vivo characteristics.
Results
The synthesis of [18F]FEtO-CHC, a derivative of α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHC), was achieved using a one-step method with the MCTs inhibitor (E)-ethyl 2-cyano-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylate as the lead compound. The yield obtained was 52.08 ± 6.74% (n = 7, decay corrected). The cell uptake characteristics and targeting ability towards MCTs were confirmed through cell uptake and competitive inhibition experiments conducted on BxPC3 pancreatic cancer cell line and 4T1 breast cancer cell line. The biodistribution and Micro-PET/CT imaging of tumor-bearing mice revealed the hepatic and renal metabolism-mediated excretion characteristics of [18F]FEtO-CHC, with radioactive uptake in tumors being consistent with MCTs expression levels.
Conclusions
Through the aforementioned studies, a one-step method was employed to successfully synthesize [18F]FEtO-CHC, which has been validated as a small molecule PET probe specifically targeting MCTs.
Effect of the Concentration of the Electrolyte on the Thermoelectric Properties of Electrodeposited Bi2Te3 Thin Films
Authors: Khairnar Vinod , Kulkarni Anil , Lonikar Vishal , Jadhav Nilesh , Patil Dipak , Gite Anil , Kumar Mirtunjay 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The current thread of study focuses on tuning the properties of nanostructured Bi2Te3 films for thermoelectric applications, by optimizing electrodeposition conditions such as the deposition potential, pH of the electrolyte, temperature and concentration of the precursors in the solvent. In this paper, small coagulated masses of Bi2Te3 dendritic nanostructures were electrodeposited on a stainless-steel substrate at previously optimized deposition potential and pH conditions while changing the concentration of Bi3+ ions in the electrolyte (varied from 2.5 mM to 15 mM). Cyclic voltammetry studies revealed that the material was deposited irreversibly at all concentrations. The effect of varying the concentration is indicated by a shift in the current peaks for oxidation and reduction. A series of scanning electron micrographs revealed the evolution of beautiful small coagulated masses of dendritic structures as a function of the concentration of electrolyte. Thermoelectric properties such as a Seebeck coefficient up to -45.81 μV/K and power factor up to 311 μW/cmK2 have been achieved for the deposited films. The results reveal significant variation in the thermoelectric properties as a function of the concentration of Bi3+ in the electrolyte through changes in the surface morphology and stoichiometry of the films. The analysis also revealed ideal concentrations of precursor ions to obtain Bi2Te3 as the dominant phase.
Performance optimization of GaAs NCFET with a complex oxide ferroelectric gate ​
Authors: Jia Tingting , Li Henghui , Yu Ziwei , Zhang Chong , Zhao Hongyang , Guo Quansheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In this work, we try to design a high-performance GaAs NCFET with ferroelectric 0.85BiTi0.1Fe0.8Mg0.1O3-0.15CaTiO3 (BTFM-CTO) gate dielectric. A detailed simulation was first made on GaAs NCFET to clarify the influence of key structural factors on the performance of NCFET. Simulation results indicate these factors have effects on capacitances match. Moreover, key factors will also affect the device performance and result in the variation of some effects such as negative differential resistance (NDR), gate voltage amplification (GVA), short channel effect (SCE), and saturation of carrier mobility (SCM). These effects influence and constraint each other. The competition between these effects makes the performance not monotonously vary with factors and highly depends on other parameters or voltage bias. Mobility, band energy diagram, electric potential along channel surface, and substrate capacitance are then investigated to make detailed analyses of simulation results. These simulation results and analysis are valuable to optimize NCFET and adjust the drive strength of NCFET with a given ferroelectric film, which would benefit the further application of NCFET. Finally, optimization of the NCFET with BTFM-CTO has been done. A steep SS value of 44.9 mV/dec and a high ION/ IOFF value of 1.2×109 is achieved with a low supply voltage of 0.6 V, demonstrating that the BTFM-CTO film is a competitive candidate for a ferroelectric layer applied in GaAs NCFET. The current work may generate new insights into advanced NCFET based on GaAs with high ION/ IOFF.
Application of Bio-slurry and Chemical Fertilizers nexus Soil Physico-chemical Properties and Food Safety of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Grain
Authors: Kebede Tsehay , Keneni Yadessa , Senbeta Abate , Sime Getachew 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the nexus of bio-slurry (BS) and chemical fertilizer (CF) application, soil physico-chemical properties, and food safety of maize (Zea mays L.) grain. A field experiment was conducted at Hawassa University Research Farm, in Sidama Region, Ethiopia, under rain-fed conditions. The experiment consisted of three treatments, arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were 100% BS (5 ton BS ha-1), 100% CF (90 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P ha-1 + 13 kg S ha-1) and control. Soil samples were taken from 0–20 cm depth for the physicochemical analysis. Maize grain samples were also collected at harvest for the analysis of heavy metal concentration. Results show that the pre-experiment soil had a loam texture, moderately acidic pH, moderate OC and TN, high P, K and CEC. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in pre-experiment soil was below the permissible limit for arable land except Cd. Applying CF and BS increased soil pH, OC, TN, and K over the control. In contrast, applying BS and CF increased the concentrations of Ni (11.29) and Ni (12.71) and Co (5.87) in maize grain, respectively, which exceeded the FAO/WHO 2001 standards. Attributing to heavy metal concentration, this result signifies a potential health concern of applying BS and CF in maize cultivation for human consumption in the study sites. Therefore, pretreatment of BS and CF is important for the safe food quality of maize grains for human consumption.