bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method development for 14C-labeling of IgG antibodies in preparation for clinical trials
Authors: Kim Sooyoung , Kwak Jae-Hwan , Jung Jae-Kyung , Hyun Soonsil 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Carbon-14 (14C) labeling is a standard technology for tracing molecules and providing their pharmacokinetic profiles. However, its primary focus has been on small molecules, with limited application to biomacromolecules. Particularly in the development of new biological entities (NBE), the utilization of microdosing with a 14C-labeled biomacromolecule proves beneficial in the early stages of drug development, contributing to significant time and cost savings. This study investigates the 14C-labeling of antibody and explores the stability of 14C-labeled antibody under various storage conditions.

Methods and results
In this study, the utilization of 14C-formaldehyde for labeling target antibodies at various molar ratios revealed a direct correlation between labeling efficiency and the quantity of 14C-formaldehyde applied: 1.5 mol/mol for 14C-labeled antibody with the use of 10 equivalents of 14C-formaldehyde, 3.8 mol/mol for 14C-labeled antibody with the use of 10 equivalents of 14C-formaldehyde, and 10.5 mol/mol for 14C-labeled antibody with the use of 60 equivalents of 14C-formaldehyde. All the reaction conditions exhibited no antibody degradation, as evidenced by the absence of a significant change in HPLC purity compared to the unlabeled antibody. Stability tests revealed that all groups maintained their purities over a 4-week period at both − 75 ± 10 °C and 5 ± 3 °C. Given safety concerns related to internal radiation exposure in potential human subjects during microdosing, this study established optimal conditions for employing 14C-labeled antibodies. Therefore, it is optimized that 10 equivalents of 14C-formaldehyde can be used for 14C-antibody labeling through reductive amination, storing the antibodies at 5 ± 3 °C, and assigning a storage period of 4 weeks.

Conclusion
The findings from this study offer valuable insights into the effective application of 14C-labeling in microdosing studies, especially for larger molecules such as antibodies.
Unit-to-unit transfer due to shortage of intensive care beds in Sweden 2015–2019 was associated with a lower risk of death but a longer intensive care stay compared to no transfer: a registry study
Authors: Rylander Christian , Sternley Jesper , Petzold Max , Oras Jonatan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Intensive care unit-to-unit transfer due to temporary shortage of beds is increasing in Sweden. Transportation induces practical hazards, and the change of health care provider may prolong the length of stay in intensive care. We previously showed that the risk of death at 90 days did not differ between patients transferred due to a shortage of beds and non-transferred patients with a similar burden of illness in a tertiary intensive care unit. The aim of this study was to widen the analysis to a nation-wide cohort of critically ill patients transferred to another intensive care unit in Sweden due to shortage of intensive care beds.

Methods
Retrospective comparison between capacity transferred and non-transferred patients, based on data from the Swedish Intensive Care Registry during a 5-year period before the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with insufficient data entries or a recurring capacity transfer within 90 days were excluded. To assess the association between capacity transfer and death as well as intensive care stay within 90 days after ICU admission, logistic regression models with step-wise adjustment for SAPS3 score, primary ICD-10 ICU diagnosis and the number of days in the intensive care unit before transfer were applied.

Results
From 161,140 eligible intensive care admissions, 2912 capacity transfers were compared to 135,641 discharges or deaths in the intensive care unit. Ninety days after ICU admission, 28% of transferred and 21% of non-transferred patients were deceased. In the fully adjusted model, capacity transfer was associated with a lower risk of death within 90 days than no transfer; OR (95% CI) 0.71 (0.65–0.69) and the number of days spent in intensive care was longer: 12.4 [95% CI 12.2–12.5] vs 3.3 [3.3–3.3].

Conclusions
Intensive care unit-to-unit transfer due to shortage of bed capacity as compared to no transfer during a 5-year period preceding the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden was associated with lower risk of death within 90 days but with longer stay in intensive care.
Association of healthy eating index and anthropometric indices among primary school girls in southeast of Iran: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jannati Nooshin , Mahmoodi Mohammad Reza , Azadbakht Leila 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The school-age period is marked by substantial advancements in physical and cognitive development, highlighting the importance of assessing the diet quality and its impact on body weight and height. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the association between diet quality and selected anthropometric indices of primary school girls in southeast of Iran using the healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015).

Methods
This cross-sectional study involved 330 students aged 6–12 years from 10 primary schools in Kerman City. Standard protocols and a dish-based food frequency questionnaire were employed to evaluate anthropometric indices and dietary intake. The HEI-2015 was utilized to assess the quality of participants’ diets, with a total score ranging from zero to 100, based on thirteen food score components.

Results
In the present study, older participants had higher HEI scores (p = 0.02). Additionally, participants in the highest tertile of HEI score had greaterodds of being overweight (OR: 2.13; CI = 1.17–3.85, P = 0.011) and had higher intakes of whole fruits, total fruits including fruit juice, whole grains, total protein foods, seafood and plant proteins, greens, and beans (p < 0.05). However, no significant association was found between HEI score and other anthropometric indices, obesity, and thinness.

Conclusions
The study found no significant association between HEI scores and the likelihood of being thin or obese. However, children with the highest HEI scores were more likely to beoverweight. Therefore, it is recommended to implement health programs for primary school girls in Kerman to improve their eating habits and reduce the risk of overweight and obesity.
Proximal factors influencing the likelihood of married and cohabiting women in Sierra Leone to use contraceptives. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Osborne Augustus , Bangura Camilla 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn the tapestry of reproductive health in Sierra Leone, where maternal mortality remains a poignant thread, understanding contraceptive use intentions among married and cohabiting women emerges as a vital motive. This study examines the intention to use contraceptives among married and cohabiting women in Sierra Leone.MethodsThe study analysed the 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey data. A total of 7846 married and cohabiting women comprised the study. A multivariable binary regression analysis was used to examine the predictors of intention to use contraceptives. The regression results were presented using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe proportion of intention to use contraceptives among married and cohabiting women was 47% in Sierra Leone. Married and cohabiting women living in the eastern region (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.18, 2.30), southern region (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.04, 2.01), secondary education (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.00, 2.01), listen to the radio at least once a week (AOR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.55), and four or more births (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI = 2.23, 3.96) had higher odds of being associated with intention to use contraceptives. The propensity to utilise contraceptives among married and cohabiting women in Sierra Leone declined as their age increased, especially women aged 45–49 (AOR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.11) who had the least intention of using contraceptives. Married women (AOR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.39, 0.72) and women who read magazines or newspapers at least once a week(AOR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.36, 1.o4) had lower odds of contraceptive use intention.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that there is a moderate yet encouraging intention to use contraception among married and cohabiting women in Sierra Leone. Factors like residing in the eastern and southern regions, having secondary education, having more children and regular radio listening are associated with higher contraceptive use intentions. Older women, especially those nearing the end of their childbearing years, have the lowest intention. Married women and regular magazine or newspaper readers were less likely to intend to use contraceptives. These findings call for targeted interventions focusing on rural areas, women with lower education, and older women.
Comparative analysis of risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in single and multiple birth neonates
Authors: Johari Mohammadkarim , Karimi Afshin , Mojarad Mohammadreza , Heydari Mojtaba 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aim
To conduct a comparative analysis of risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in single- and multiple-born neonates.

Methods
In a retrospective evaluation of 521 premature neonates, encompassing singletons, twins, and triplets born at or before 34 weeks of gestational age with a birthweight of less than 2000 g and who completed the ROP screening program, between 2020 and 2023, in outpatient referral ROP screening clinic affiliated by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, were included. Neonates with the eligibility criteria were enrolled in the screening program from 28 days old age and followed up to discharge or treatment based on national ROP screening guideline. Data on ROP severity, outcome, treatment modality, and risk factors, including gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), sex, duration of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, oxygen supplementation, mechanical ventilation, blood transfusion, method of delivery, and maternal and neonatal comorbidities, were extracted and compared between premature neonates from singleton and multiple births.

Results
The analysis of the ROP severity distribution revealed 238 neonates (45.7%) with low-risk (type 2 prethreshold ROP or less severe) ROP and 16 (3.1%) with high-risk (type I prethreshold ROP or more severe) ROP who underwent treatment. According to the comparative analysis of risk factors in neonates with ROP requiring treatment, multiple birth neonates exhibited significantly greater GA (27.50 ± 3.27 vs. 30.00 ± 2.00 vs. 31.14 ± 0.38 weeks, p = 0.032 for singletons, twins and triplets, respectively); greater BW (861.67 ± 274.62 vs. 1233.33 ± 347.75 vs. 1537.14 ± 208.86 g, p = 0.002); and shorter duration of NICU admission (60.17 ± 21.36 vs. 34.00 ± 12.17 vs. 12.00 ± 6.32 days, p = 0.001) and oxygen supplementation (47.33 ± 16.57 vs. 36.00 ± 8.49 vs. 4.60 ± 2.41 days, p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between single-born neonates and multiple-born neonates regarding the prevalence of other risk factors. Multiple-born neonates with no ROP and low risk ROP showed significantly lower GA and BW compared to singletons (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Multiple gestation neonates may develop high-risk ROP requiring treatment at a greater gestational age and birth weight and at a lower duration of oxygen supplementation and NICU admission compared to the single birth neonates. This pattern prompts a reevaluation of screening criteria, suggesting a potential need to consider multiple birth neonates with lower traditional risk factors in screening programs. This pattern should be further evaluated in larger populations of multiple born premature neonates.
Recent developments in anthropological methods for the study of complex societies
Authors: Zhou Daming , Xiao Mingyuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe focus of traditional anthropology has been on the “simple and primitive” tribal societies that still exist. The question of how anthropology can carry on to study complex civilizations, especially those with a long history like Chinese civilization, has gained attention due to the discipline’s development and expansion. Anthropologists around the world have developed several significant research methods in the study of complex societies in response to this challenge. Taking anthropology research in China as an example, these methods include not only the summary and improvement of Western anthropological methods applied by Chinese scholars to Chinese practice but also methodological innovations based on traditional Chinese research paradigms and explorations of anthropological fieldwork methods in the digital age. In China, the latest advancements in anthropological methods for studying complex societies can be seen in historical anthropology, multi-sited ethnography, internet anthropology, and Rapid Anthropological Assessment. This effectively responds to many doubts about whether anthropological fieldwork methods are capable of studying complex societies and spurred anthropology’s reciprocal adaptation to new fields of study and contemporary needs. In this sense, anthropological research on complex societies is entirely possible, feasible, and necessary.
Recent advances in the development of portable technologies and commercial products to detect Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in biofluids: a systematic review
Authors: Clément Pierrick , Schlage Walter K. , Hoeng Julia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The primary components driving the current commercial fascination with cannabis products are phytocannabinoids, a diverse group of over 100 lipophilic secondary metabolites derived from the cannabis plant. Although numerous phytocannabinoids exhibit pharmacological effects, the foremost attention has been directed towards Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol, the two most abundant phytocannabinoids, for their potential human applications. Despite their structural similarity, THC and cannabidiol diverge in terms of their psychotropic effects, with THC inducing notable psychological alterations. There is a clear need for accurate and rapid THC measurement methods that offer dependable, readily accessible, and cost-effective analytical information. This review presents a comprehensive view of the present state of alternative technologies that could potentially facilitate the creation of portable devices suitable for on-site usage or as personal monitors, enabling non-intrusive THC measurements.

Method
A literature survey from 2017 to 2023 on the development of portable technologies and commercial products to detect THC in biofluids was performed using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A systematic review of available literature was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic.
Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results
Eighty-nine studies met the selection criteria. Fifty-seven peer-reviewed studies were related to the detection of THC by conventional separation techniques used in analytical laboratories that are still considered the gold standard. Studies using optical (n = 12) and electrochemical (n = 13) portable sensors and biosensors were also identified as well as commercially available devices (n = 7).

Discussion
The landscape of THC detection technology is predominantly shaped by immunoassay tests, owing to their established reliability. However, these methods have distinct drawbacks, particularly for quantitative analysis. Electrochemical sensing technology holds great potential to overcome the challenges of quantification and present a multitude of advantages, encompassing the possibility of miniaturization and diverse modifications to amplify sensitivity and selectivity. Nevertheless, these sensors have considerable limitations, including non-specific interactions and the potential interference of compounds and substances existing in biofluids.

Conclusion
The foremost challenge in THC detection involves creating electrochemical sensors that are both stable and long-lasting while exhibiting exceptional selectivity, minimal non-specific interactions, and decreased susceptibility to matrix interferences. These aspects need to be resolved before these sensors can be successfully introduced to the market.
Gastrosplenic fistula due to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: case report
Authors: Elsahhar Ahmed , Salem Amr Muhammad Abdo , Gomaa Nada , Arafa Maha , Elsahhar Ghada 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Gastrosplenic fistula (GSF) is a rare complication of various benign and malignant etiologies. Splenic lymphoma is the most common cause of GSF. Most cases are due to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Case presentation
A 39-year-old male patient presented at the emergency department with left upper quadrant abdominal pain. CT scan showed necrotic splenic mass with fistulous tract between the spleen and the gastric cavity. The patient underwent splenectomy and partial gastrectomy. The histopathological diagnosis was DLBCL.

Conclusions
Gastrosplenic fistula is a rare complication of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Radiologists should be aware of it and consider it in the diagnosis.
Examining the global influence of e-governance on corruption: a panel data analysis
Authors: Seiam Dina Ali , Salman Doaa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study analyzes the impact of e-governance on corruption using a panel dataset comprising 110 countries over the period from 2003 to 2021. The specific focus of the research is on the relationship between the E-government Development Index (EGDI) and its four components, namely the Online Service Index (OSI), Human Capital Index (HCI), Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (TII), and E-Participation Index (EPI), and their effects on the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). To examine these relationships, the empirical analysis employs a fixed effect model, which is a suitable statistical approach for panel data analysis. The findings of the study reveal significant negative associations between the EGDI, OSI, HCI, and TII with corruption levels across countries worldwide. This implies that higher levels of e-government development, online service provision, human capital, and telecommunication infrastructure are associated with lower corruption perceptions. However, the EPI does not demonstrate a statistically significant relationship with the CPI. Based on these results, the paper provides recommendations for governments to prioritize two key areas. Firstly, governments should invest in the development of e-government infrastructure to enhance transparency, accountability, and efficiency in public administration, thereby reducing corruption. Secondly, initiatives aimed at enhancing public awareness and understanding of e-governance should be prioritized, as they contribute to increased citizen engagement and participation, which can ultimately lead to improved governance practices and reduced corruption levels.
Efficacy evaluation of Berberis aristata and Silybum marianum fixed dose combination on glycaemic and insulin resistance parameters in adult population: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Dubey Vishal , Kansagra Jignesh , Sureja Varun , Kheni Dharmeshkumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases with high rate of morbidity and mortality. The increased level of blood glucose level and increased insulin resistance is the hallmark of diabetes. Currently, various non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapeutic options are used for lowering the glucose level and improving the insulin activity. The current systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Berberis aristata and Silybum marianum fixed dose nutraceutical combination on serum glucose and glycated haemoglobin level and insulin resistance parameters.

Main Body
Randomized controlled trials, identified from three online databases, evaluating the efficacy of Berberis aristata and Silybum marianum fixed dose combination were identified and evaluated as per pre-defined protocol. Quality of studies was evaluated using PEDro scale, and risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Pooled effect was reported as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval, while the complete study was conducted as per PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines. After complete literature screening and evaluation process, seven studies were included in the final analysis. Data of 825 participants (active group: 416 participants and control group: 409 participants) were utilized for the statistical analysis. All included studies (except one) were of good quality. Supplementation of fixed dose combination significantly reduced glucose level (MD: − 5.26 mg/dl; p = 0.02) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level (MD: − 0.69%; p < 0.0001) as compared to control therapy, while greater insulin resistance reduction was observed in active group and the difference approached significance (MD: − 0.64 HOMA-IR score; p = 0.08). Risk of bias analysis revealed some concerns regarding biasness (mainly due to randomization, outcome measurement and selected reporting biasness). All included studies had moderate risk of biasness. Sensitivity analysis revealed effect of particular study on overall heterogeneity observed, while neither significant publication bias nor any missing study was observed.

Conclusion
The results of current study suggest that B. aristata and S. marianum fixed dose combination is effective in improving glycaemic and insulin parameters and can be effective in diabetic population. The observed sensitivity of certain studies on overall heterogeneity and the moderate risk of biasness warrants further well-designed clinical studies to strengthen the results of current study.
Tracheal and subglottic dimensions: a computed tomography cross section study of adult population
Authors: El-Anwar Mohammad Waheed , El-Hussiny Ashraf , Osman Haitham , Mobasher Mohamed Adel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The computed tomography (CT) details of the dimensions of the trachea and the subglottic area are not fully covered in the literature, so it is important to build up a database for the CT measurements of that area. Preoperative details of the trachea are crucial prior to any approach or procedure involving the trachea. So, the aim of this study was to determine the different dimensions of the trachea and subglottic area by computed tomography (CT).

Methods
From 100 CTs of the trachea acquiring the axial images via the multiplanar reformates for all subjects to get the delicate details measuring the transverse diameter (width) and the anteroposterior diameter (depth) of the trachea and subglottic area.

Results
The mean tracheal width was 15.5 ± 2.1 mm (range = 11.5–21.7), and its mean anteroposterior diameter was 16.56 ± 2.77 mm (range = 11.8–25.1), while the mean width of the subglottic area was 15.1 ± 1.86 mm (range = 12.3–21.1), and its mean anteroposterior diameter was 17.75 + 2.76 (range = 12.9–25.2). All the dimensions of the trachea and the subglottic area were found significantly smaller in female than males. There was positive correlation between anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the trachea with the subglottic area with more tendency for more subglottic area dimension with increase tracheal dimensions and vice versa.

Conclusion
The current work updates the CT knowledge about the tracheal and subglottic area dimensions enhancing the surgeons, anesthetist, and radiologists data and orientation of the tracheal dimensions and could aid effective and safe tracheolaryngeal surgery.