bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different expression of NOS isoforms in early endothelial progenitor cells derived from peripheral and cord blood
Authors: Muscari Claudio , Gamberini Chiara , Carboni Marco , Basile Ilaria , Farruggia Giovanna , Bonafè Francesca , Giordano Emanuele , Caldarera Claudio Marcello , Guarnieri Carlo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCord blood and peripheral‐adult blood were compared as different sources of early endothelial precursor cells (eEPCs). Total mononuclear cells (MNCs) were obtained from both blood types and committed to eEPCs by exposure to fibronectin, VEGF, IGF‐I, and bFGF. Under this condition, MNCs seeded at the density of 3 × 105 cells/cm2 assumed a spindle shape, which was indicative of developing eEPCs, and expanded in a similar manner irrespective to the blood sources. Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA‐1) and acetylated low density lipoprotein (acLDL) double staining was present in 90% in both peripheral‐ and cord‐blood eEPCs after 2‐week expansion. Also, the ability of eEPCs to form tubule‐like structures in Matrigel was independent of their blood source, but dependent on the presence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). eNOS and nNOS were not detectable by Western blotting in both peripheral and cord‐blood eEPCs upon 3 weeks and their mRNA levels were lower than 2% relative to those present in HUVECs. On the contrary, iNOS protein was detectable in peripheral‐blood eEPCs, but not in cord‐blood eEPCs and HUVECs, as well as iNOS mRNA was more concentrated in peripheral‐blood eEPCs than in cord‐blood eEPCs and HUVECs. These data suggest that: (a) peripheral and cord blood can be considered comparable sources of eEPCs when they are expanded and differentiated in a short‐term period; (b) the extremely low expression of constitutive NOS isoforms in the eEPCs of both blood types should markedly reduce their ability to regulate NO‐dependent vasorelaxation; (c) the presence of iNOS in peripheral‐blood eEPCs could improve the process of vasculogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 992–1001, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Micro‐Raman investigation of transition‐metal‐doped ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Sato‐Berrú R. Y. , Vázquez‐Olmos A. , Fernández‐Osorio A. L. , Sotres‐Martínez S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe measured the Raman spectra of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs), as well as transition‐metal‐doped (5% Mn(II), Fe(II) or Co(II)) ZnO nanoparticles, with an average size of 9 nm. A typical Raman peak at 436 cm−1 is observed in the ZnO‐NPs, whereas Zn1−xMnxO, Zn1−xFexO and Zn1−xCoxO presented characteristic peaks at 661, 665 and 675 cm−1, respectively. These peaks can be related to the formation of Mn3O4, Fe3O4 and Co3O4 species in the doped ZnO‐NPs. Moreover, these samples were analyzed at various laser powers. Here, we observed new vibrational modes (512, 571 and 528 cm−1), which are specific to Mn, Fe and Co dopants, respectively, and ZnO‐NPs did not reveal any additional modes. The new peaks were interpreted either as disorder activated phonon modes or as local vibrations of Mn‐, Fe‐ and Co‐related complexes in ZnO. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopy of nanostructures and nanosized materials
Authors: Gouadec Gwénaël , Colomban Philippe 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe interest in micro and tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy in analyzing nanosized and nanostructured materials, chiefly semiconductors, oxides and pristine or functionalized carbon nanotubes, is reviewed in the light of contributions to this Special Issue. Particular attention is paid to the fact that chemical reactions, size or shape distribution, defects, strain and couplings may add to nanodimensionality in defining the Raman signature. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of the largest metastasis size on nodal tumor burden in colorectal carcinomas: implications for the sentinel lymph node theory in cancers of the large intestine
Authors: Bori Rita , Vinh‐Hung Vincent , Vajda Kornél , Svébis Mihály , Cserni Gábor 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSuccessful sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has been reported in colorectal cancer (CRC), but its results are still controversial. The SLN theory suggests that there is an orderly spread from the primary tumor to the SLNs first, and from the SLNs to further nodes later. This study examines the influence of nodal metastasis size on further nodal involvement.MethodsCRC resection specimens with nodal metastasis have been evaluated for the maximum nodal metastasis size for a period of 5 years. All lymph nodes (LNs) were submitted to standard histological examination.ResultsTwo hundred thirty‐five CRC specimens with a single invasive tumor were assessed. The mean numbers of LNs examined and involved were 18 and 4, respectively. The largest metastasis size ranged from 0.14 to 22.1 mm. There was a significant correlation between this parameter and the number or the ratio of LNs involved (Spearman's Rho: 0.517, and 0.382, respectively; P < 0.0001). A cluster analysis identified three relatively distinct groups of low, intermediate, and extensive nodal involvement.ConclusionsThe correlation of the largest metastasis size with the number and the ratio of involved nodes may be an indirect proof of the sequential spread from first echelon LNs to further nodes. However, the data suggest a more complex process: with increasing metastasis size, the number of involved nodes and its variability increase more than might be expected. This suggests a recruitment or cascade process, which becomes more unpredictable as nodal tumor burden increases. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:629–634. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anus‐preservation treatment for anal cancer: Retrospective analysis at a single institution
Authors: Chen Yi‐Wei , Yen Sang‐Hue , Chen Sheng‐Yu , Huang Pin‐I , Shiau Cheng‐Ying , Liu Yu‐Ming , Lin Jen‐Kou , Wang Ling‐Wei 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate anus‐preservation treatment for anal cancer.MethodsReview of 42 patients (24 M/18 F; median age, 70 years; range, 13–95) with stage I–IIIB disease (squamous cell carcinoma [SqCC], 33; adenocarcinoma, 9) who received curative radiotherapy between 1991 and 2004. Eleven patients had prior surgical excision. Radiotherapy comprised lower‐pelvis irradiation with boost to primary tumor (median lower‐pelvis dose, 45 Gy; range, 17.2–59; median primary‐site dose, 56 Gy; range, 40–72). Of 31 patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy, 25 received 5‐fluorouracil/mitomycin‐C.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 32 months. The most common toxicity was dermatological; 25 patients (59%) developed moderate‐to‐severe wet desquamation. Radiotherapy was interrupted in 18 patients (43%). The complete response rate was 67% (SqCC, 23/33; adenocarcinoma, 5/9); of 12 patients who failed treatment, primary tumor was the recurrent site in seven (median failure time, 5 months): six patients underwent salvage abdominoperineal resection. Three‐year overall (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were 53% and 64%. Five‐year functional anus‐preservation rate was 64%. In multivariate analysis, OS was affected by performance status (P < 0.001), N stage (P = 0.009), and pathological type (P = 0.006). Only N stage (P = 0.001) affected DFS.ConclusionWith careful monitoring of toxicity, non‐surgical anus‐preservation treatment with good tumor control is feasible. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:374–380. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ionic conductance of nanopores in microscale analysis systems: Where microfluidics meets nanofluidics
Authors: Höltzel Alexandra , Tallarek Ulrich 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this tutorial review we illustrate the origin and dependence on various system parameters of the ionic conductance that exists in discrete nanochannels as well as in nanoporous separation and preconcentration units contained as hybrid configurations, membranes, packed beds, or monoliths in microscale liquid phase analysis systems. A particular complexity arises as external electrical fields are superimposed on internal chemical and electrical potential gradients for tailoring molecular transport. It is demonstrated that the variety of geometries in which the microfluidic/nanofluidic interfaces are realized share common, fundamental features of coupled mass and charge transport, but that phenomena behind the key steps in a particular application can be significantly tuned, depending on the morphology of a material. Thus, the understanding of morphology‐related transport in internal and external electrical potential gradients is critical to the performance of a device. This addresses a variety of geometries (slits, channels, filters, membranes, random or regular networks of pores, etc.) and applications, e. g., the gating, sensing, preconcentration, and separation in multifunctional miniaturized devices. Inherently coupled mass and charge transport through ion‐permselective (charge‐selective) microfluidic/nanofluidic interfaces is analyzed with a stepwise‐added complexity and discussed with respect to the morphology of the charge‐selective spatial domains. Within this scenario, the electrostatics and electrokinetics in microfluidic and nanofluidic channels, as well as the electrohydrodynamics evolving at microfluidic/nanofluidic interfaces, where microfluidics meets nanofluidics, define the platform of central phenomena.
Quantitative evaluation of the interaction between netropsin and double stranded oligodeoxynucleotides by microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis
Authors: Shen Zheng , Liu Xiaojun , Zhou Xiaomian , Liang Aiye , Wu Dapeng , Yu Linfen , Dai Zhongpeng , Qin Jianhua , Lin Bingcheng 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMicrofabricated capillary array electrophoresis (μ‐CAE) was applied to study the interaction between minor groove binder netropsin and a non‐selfcomplementary 12 mer double stranded oligodeoxynucleotide: d(CCCCTATACCGC)·d(GCGGTATAGGGG). ESI‐MS was used to provide an independent verification of the microchip electrophoresis derived data. Simultaneous parallel quantitative assay of multiple samples was performed in a single run (<50 s) on the self‐developed μ‐CAE device. The binding constant and stoichiometry calculated from Scatchard plot were (2.88 ± 0.23)×105 M–1 and 1:1, respectively. The values showed a good quantitative agreement with the results determined by ESI‐MS and those using other methods reported in the literature.
A combinatorial approach to studying protein complex composition by employing size‐exclusion chromatography and proteome analysis
Authors: Li Shi‐Sheng , Giometti Carol S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe genome sequences of numerous organisms are available now, but gene sequences alone do not provide sufficient information to accurately deduce protein functions. Protein function is largely dependent on the association of multiple polypeptide chains into large structures with interacting subunits that regulate and support each other. Therefore, the mapping of protein interaction networks in a physiological context is conducive to deciphering protein functions, including those of hypothetical proteins. Although several high‐throughput methods to globally identify protein interactions have been reported in recent years, these approaches often have a high rate of nonspecific or artificial interactions detected. For instance, the fraction of false positives of the protein interactions identified by yeast two‐hybrid assay has been predicted to be of the order of 50%. We have developed a strategy to globally map Bacillus subtilis protein–protein interactions in a physiological context by fractionating the cell lysates using size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC), followed by proteome analysis. Components of both known and unknown protein complexes, multisubunits and multiproteins, have been identified using this strategy. In one case, the partners of the B. subtilis protein complex have been coexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the formation of the overexpressed protein complex has been further confirmed by a pull‐down assay.
Assessing a novel microfluidic interface for shotgun proteome analyses
Authors: Staes An , Timmerman Evy , Van Damme Jozef , Helsens Kenny , Vandekerckhove Joël , Vollmer Martin , Gevaert Kris 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMicrofluidic interfaces coupled to ESI mass spectrometers hold great potential for proteomics as they have been shown to augment the overall sensitivity of measurements and require only a minimum of operator manipulations as compared to conventional nano‐LC interfaces. Here, we evaluated a new type of HPLC‐Chips holding larger enrichment columns (thus an increased sample loading capacity) for gel‐free proteome studies. A tryptic digest of a human T‐cell proteome was fractionated by strong cation exchange chromatography and selected fractions were analyzed by MS/MS on an IT mass spectrometer using both the new HPLC‐Chip as well as a conventional nano‐LC‐MS/MS interface. Our results indicate that the HPLC‐Chip is capable of handling very complex peptide mixtures and, in fact, leads to the identification of more peptides and proteins as compared to when a conventional interface was used. The HPLC‐Chip preferentially produced doubly charged tryptic peptides. We further show that MS/MS spectra of doubly charged tryptic peptide ions are more readily identified by MASCOT as compared to those from triply charged precursors and thus argue that besides the improved chromatographic conditions provided by the HPLC‐Chip, its peptide charging profile might be a secondary factor leading to an increased proteome coverage.
High temperature alloy chloridation at 850°C
Authors: Chevalier S. , Ched'Homme S. , Bekaddour A. , Amilain‐Basset K. , Buisson L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe resistance of eight alloys against chloridation was tested at 850°C in Ar/Cl2 (2.5% Cl2) for 15 min. Pre‐oxidation treatments were performed for 1 h and 8 h at 850°C in order to produce a thin, adherent and protective oxide scale able to improve the chloridation behaviour of the tested materials. The chloridised sample morphologies were compared to the morphologies observed on the non pre‐oxidised samples. The alloys containing a large amount of iron did not exhibit any chloridation resistance, even after pre‐oxidation, and were severely damaged. The nickel based alloys gave interesting results but were also attacked by chloride, probably by the “active oxidation” mechanism. The duration of the pre‐oxidation treatment plays an important role, since the 8 h pre‐oxidation appears more beneficial than the 1 h pre‐oxidation, to delay the chloridation, probably because of the best quality of the oxide layer grown during 8 h. For the nickel based materials, the effects of chloride appear less severe than for the iron‐based alloys, but are not stopped. The “active oxidation” mechanism is proposed to be responsible for the degradation of the tested materials.
Corrosion of an aluminum alloy chilled in flowing seawater and the effect of cathodic prevention
Authors: Yabuki A. , Yasunaga D. T. , Shibutani T. , Shinkai K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA new type of jet‐in‐slit testing apparatus for a specimen, chilled with a peltier element, was developed to investigate corrosion on the heat transfer surface of an aluminum alloy heat exchanger, in contact with a liquefaction gas at cryogenic temperature and in flowing seawater. The specimen can be chilled, even under flowing conditions, using this apparatus. Corrosion tests and polarization measurements of a specimen chilled by a peltier element were carried out in flowing seawater at various temperatures. The effect of chilling a specimen was equivalent to the effect achieved for a test in solution at a lower temperature. The process was dependent on a passive film, formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy specimen, as evidenced by polarization measurements. The extent of corrosion damage increased with increasing temperature of the solution, and showed maximum damage at high temperature. At high temperatures, erosion‐corrosion was found at the central part of the specimen, but the effect of flow was negligible at low temperature. Corrosion tests for a cathodically polarized specimen were conducted under flowing conditions. Corrosion damage was accelerated by cathodic polarization at lower temperatures.
Thermochemistry, bonding, and reactivity of Ni+and Ni2+in the gas phase
Authors: Mó Otilia , Yáñez Manuel , Salpin Jean‐Yves , Tortajada Jeanine 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this review, we present a general overview on the studies carried out on Ni+‐‐ and Ni2+‐containing systems in the gas phase since 1996. We have focused our attention in the determination of binding energies in parallel with an analysis of the structure and bonding of the complexes formed by the interaction of Ni+with one ligand, or in clusters where this metal ion binds several identical or different ligands. Solvation of Ni2+by different ligands is also discussed, together with the theoretical information available of doubly charged Ni‐containing species. The final section of this review is devoted to an analysis of the gas‐phase uni‐ and bimolecular reactivity of Ni+and Ni2+complexes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spectrom. Rev.
Bioactive compounds in cranberries and their role in prevention of urinary tract infections
Authors: Howell Amy B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) ingestion has long been associated with prevention of urinary tract infections. The beneficial mechanism was historically thought to be due to the fruit acids causing a bacteriostatic effect in the urine. However, recently, a group of proanthocyanidins (PACs) with A‐type linkages were isolated from cranberry which exhibit bacterial antiadhesion activity against both antibiotic susceptible and resistant strains of uropathogenic P‐fimbriated Escherichia coli bacteria. The link between cranberry ingestion and maintenance of urinary tract health as well as the structural diversity, pharmacokinetics, quantification, and bacterial antiadhesion bioactivity of the A‐linked cranberry PACs are reviewed.
MAD: Mathematical analysis of downtime
Authors: Brandt Edward B. , Limaye Dilip R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe MAD model presents a mathematic treatment of the relationship between aircraft reliability and maintainability, system manning and inspection policies, scheduling and sortie length, and aircraft downtime. Log normal distributions are postulated for subsystem repair times and simultaneous repair of malfunctions is assumed. The aircraft downtime for maintenance is computed with the distribution of the largest of k log normal distributions. Waiting time for maintenance men is calculated either by using a multiple‐channel queuing model or by generating the distribution of the number of maintenance men required and comparing this to the number of men available to determine the probability of waiting at each inspection.
Operations analysis during the underwater search for Scorpions
Authors: Richardson Henry R. , Stone Lawrence D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses the operations analysis in the underwater search for the remains of the submarine ScorpionThe a priori target location probability distribution for the search was obtained by monte‐carlo procedures based upon nine different scenarios concerning the Scorpion loss and associated credibility weights. These scenarios and weights were postulated by others. Scorpion was found within 260 yards of the search grid cell having the largest a priori probabilityFrequent computations of local effectiveness probabilities (LEPs) were carried out on scene during the search and were used to determine an updated (a posteriori) target location distribution. This distribution formed the basis for recommendation of the current high probability areas for searchThe sum of LEPs weighted by the a priori target location probabilities is called search effectiveness probability (SEP) and was used as the overall measure of effectiveness for the operation. SEP and LEPs were used previously in the Mediterranean H‐bomb searchOn‐scene and stateside operations analysis are discussed and the progress of the search is indicated by values of SEP for various periods during the operation.
Impact of an all volunteer force upon the navy in the 1972‐1973 timeframe
Authors: Rhode A. S. , Gelke J. J. , Cook F. X. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper develops estimates of true volunteer levels for 1972 and 1973, based on experience gained through 1970 draft lottery data. The paper also formulates estimates of the qualitative characteristics of a 1972‐1973 Navy volunteer force, and establishes a relationship between rate of volunteerism and military pay. Utilizing estimates generated in the paper, Navy military personnel budget requirements for FY '72 and '73 are presented.
Inventory allocation among an assembly and its repairable subassemblies
Authors: Silver Edward A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper we consider a major assembly composed of two or more subassemblies. The failure of any subassembly causes the major assembly to not function. Every failed subassembly is repaired or replaced. A total investment in stocks of spare components is to be distributed among the various subassemblies and the major assembly so as to provide the best possible customer service. This is a complicated problem: relevant factors are the failure rates, unit costs, and repair times of the various components. For the case of Poisson failures, a heuristic solution is developed which is a compromise between theoretical optimality and practical usefulness.
Tolerance intervals for univariate distributions
Authors: Guenther William C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA review of univariate tolerance intervals is presented from an application‐oriented point of view. Both β‐content and β‐expectation intervals are defined and considered. Standard problems are discussed for the distribution‐free case and with various distributional assumptions (normal, gamma, Poisson) which occur most frequently in practice. The determination of sample size is emphasized. A number of examples are used to illustrate the types of problems which permit solutions with the excellent tables now available.
Expectation of contract incentives
Authors: Finchum John A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe application of statistical expectation to risk density functions and fee/incentive‐element relationships is shown to be useful in structuring contract incentives. A mathematical procedure for calculating the expected value of fee for a given risk/incentive arrangement is described along with cost examples and related sensitivity analyses. The structuring of equivalent incentives is demonstrated by the use of the contracting procedure used for procuring the C‐5A aircraft.
Toward optimal bidding strategies
Authors: Stedry Andrew C. , Brecht H. David 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper we investigate a form of rational behavior in response to an oligopoly pricing problem where only one buyer is involved. We investigate the problem from the standpoint of the seller who wants to maximize his gain from the transaction. In particular, we deal with the problem of one seller's response to an invitation to submit a sealed (i. e., noncooperative) bid to a government or other dominant purchasing agency for supplying a specified bundle of goods and services for which either (1) no other demand exists, or (2) the terms or quantities involved cannot, at least in the short run, be obtained from another source.Although treated from a normative standpoint, i. e., what bid the supplier should make, the paper also has implications for the buyer's behavior and oligopoly‐monopsony pricing in a more general sense.