bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dominant‐negative effects of episodic ataxia type 2 mutations involve disruption of membrane trafficking of human P/Q‐type Ca2+ channels
Authors: Jeng Chung‐Jiuan , Sun Min‐Chen , Chen Yi‐Wen , Tang Chih‐Yung 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEpisodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) is an autosomal dominant neurological disorder associated with mutations in the gene encoding pore‐forming α1A subunits of human P/Q‐type calcium (CaV2.1) channels. The exact mechanism of how mutant channels cause such clinical EA2 features as cerebellar dysfunctions, however, remains unclear. Our previous functional studies in Xenopus oocytes support the idea that EA2 mutants may exert prominent dominant‐negative effects on wild‐type CaV2.1 channels. To further pursue the mechanism underlying this dominant‐negative effect, we examined the effects of EA2 mutants on the subcellular localization pattern of GFP‐tagged wild‐type CaV2.1 channels in HEK293T cells. In the presence of EA2 mutants, wild‐type channels displayed a significant deficiency in membrane targeting and a concurrent increase in cytoplasm retention. Moreover, the cytoplasmic fraction of wild‐type channels co‐localized with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker, suggesting that a significant amount of wild‐type CaV2.1 channels was trapped in the ER. This EA2 mutant‐induced ER retention pattern was reversed by lowering the cell incubation temperature from 37 to 27°C. We also inspected the effects of untagged EA2 mutants on the functional expression of GFP‐tagged wild‐type CaV2.1 channels in HEK293T cells. Whole‐cell current density of wild‐type channels was diminished in the presence of EA2 mutants, which was also reversed by 27°C incubation. Finally, biochemical analyses indicated that EA2 mutants did not significantly affect the protein expression level of wild‐type channels. Taken together, our data suggest that EA2 mutants induce significant ER retention of their wild‐type counterparts, thereby suppressing the functional expression of CaV2.1 channels. J. Cell. Physiol. 214: 422–433, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioinformatics
Authors: Moore Jason H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that blends computer science and biostatistics with biological and biomedical sciences such as biochemistry, cell biology, developmental biology, genetics, genomics, and physiology. An important goal of bioinformatics is to facilitate the management, analysis, and interpretation of data from biological experiments and observational studies. The goal of this review is to introduce some of the important concepts in bioinformatics that must be considered when planning and executing a modern biological research study. We review database resources as well as data mining software tools. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 365–369, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spindle orientation in animal cell mitosis: Roles of integrin in the control of spindle axis
Authors: Toyoshima Fumiko , Nishida Eisuke 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe orientation of mitotic spindles, which determines the plane of cell division, is tightly regulated in polarized cells such as epithelial cells, but it has been unclear whether there is a mechanism regulating spindle orientation in non‐polarized cultured cells. In adherent cultured cells, spindles are positioned at the center of the cells and the axis of the spindle lies in the longest axis of the cell. Thus, cell geometry is thought to be one of cues for spindle orientation and positioning in cultured cells because this defines the center and the long axis of the cell. Recent work provides a new insight into the spindle orientation in cultured cells; spindles are aligned along the axis parallel to the cell‐substrate adhesion plane. Concomitantly, integrin‐mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), rather than gravitation, cell–cell adhesion or cell geometry, has shown to be essential for this mechanism of spindle orientation. Several independent lines of evidence confirm the involvement of cell‐ECM adhesion in spindle orientation in both cultured cells and in developing organisms. The important future challenge is to identify a molecular mechanism(s) that links integrin and spindles in the control of spindle axis. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 407–411, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gαq negatively regulates the Wnt‐β‐catenin pathway and dorsal embryonicXenopus laevisdevelopment
Authors: Soto Ximena , Mayor Roberto , Torrejón Marcela , Montecino Martín , Hinrichs María Victoria , Olate Juan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe non‐canonical Wnt/Ca2+signaling pathway has been implicated in the regulation of axis formation and gastrulation movements during earlyXenopus laevisembryo development, by antagonizing the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin dorsalizing pathway and specifying ventral cell fate. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this antagonist crosstalk are not known. Since Gαq is the main regulator of Ca2+signaling in vertebrates and from this perspective probably involved in the events elicited by the non‐canonical Wnt/Ca2+pathway, we decided to study the effect of wild‐typeXenopusGq (xGαq) in dorso‐ventral axis embryo patterning. Overexpression of xGαq or its endogenous activation at the dorsal animal region ofXenopusembryo both induced a strong ventralized phenotype and inhibited the expression of dorsal‐specific mesoderm markersgoosecoidandchordin. Dorsal expression of an xGαq dominant‐negative mutant reverted the xGαq‐induced ventralized phenotype. Finally, we observed that the Wnt8‐induced secondary axis formation is reverted by endogenous xGαq activation, indicating that it is negatively regulating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 214: 483–490, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A study of a microbial fuel cell battery using manure sludge waste
Authors: Scott Keith , Murano Cassandro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe cell voltage and power performance of a microbial fuel cell utilising waste carbohydrate as a fuel, that does not use a mediator, catalysts or a proton exchange membrane, is reported. Tests were conducted with the cell operated essentially as a battery using manure sludge as fuel and with oxygen reduction in an aqueous solution. Using carbon cloth as both anode and cathode, the cell produced peak power of the order of 5 mW m−2. The cell performance was not greatly influenced by the quantity of fuel used and required a suitable separation between the cathode, anode and sludge/water interface. Agitation of the sludge did not adversely affect the cell performance, indicating that a continuous fuel cell system could be operated using the manure sludge. Using a platinised carbon cathode doubled the power density to over 10 mW m−2. The use of nickel as an alternative cathode catalyst was not found to be effective under the conditions of operation of the cell. The cell power performance was found to be consistent and stable over the 3 month duration of the tests, after which point over 95% consumption of carbohydrate was achieved. Examination of the carbon anodes after the tests showed consistent formation of a biofilm on the surface of the fibres. A cell stack design based on multiple pocket anodes containing the fuel sludge has also been demonstrated. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Water eutrophication in China and the combating strategies
Authors: Liu Wei , Qiu Rongliang 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper reviews the current eutrophication status of China's lakes. Details of the most eutrophic ‘Three Lakes’, i.e. Dianchi Lake, Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake, are given. Based on an explanation of its causes, policies and technologies currently in practice in addition to research towards combating the eutrophication are illustrated using some specific cases. Finally, some management issues and long‐term combating strategies are discussed. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Nation, demographic, and attitudinal boundary conditions on leader social rewards and punishments in local governments
Authors: Peng T. K. , Peterson Mark F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBoundary conditions on the relationships of contingent rewards and noncontingent punishments with evaluated performance and satisfaction are sought for supervisory and professional staff in local governments in the United States and Japan. Subgroup differences in tolerance for noncontingent punishment are reflected in mean differences in its use between nations (more reported in Japan), genders (less reported by women), and regions of the United States. The effects of noncontingent punishment on outcomes were not found for U.S. police sergeants. Evidence for a national contingency is reflected in the finding that the relationship of noncontingent punishments (but not contingent rewards) with cooperation, individual effectiveness, and satisfaction was stronger in the United States than in Japan. The study adds caution to the culture‐free and contingency‐free application of the theory of performance‐contingent rewards and punishments. Implications for the theory of social rewards and punishments and for the contingencies and criteria considered in leadership research, particularly cross‐cultural leadership research, are addressed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation of methane Raman ν1 band position with fluid density and interactions at the molecular level
Authors: Lin Fang , Sum Amadeu K. , Bodnar Robert J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe CH4 Raman ν1 symmetric stretching band position was measured at various temperatures and pressures over the range 1–600 bars and 0.3–22 °C. The ν1 symmetric stretching band shifts to lower wavenumbers with increasing pressure and/or decreasing temperature, and shows a systematic correlation with density over this same range. Ab initio calculations (MP2/aug‐cc‐pVTZ) show that the changes in peak shape and position reflect fundamental distortion of the methane structure as the density increases. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composition of proteins in wheat grain streams obtained by sieve classification
Authors: Konopka Iwona , Fornal Łucja , Dziuba Marta , Czaplicki Sylwester , Nałȩcz Dorota 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSieve classification was used to prepare grain streams of distinct protein content and composition. Both reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography and two‐dimensional electrophoresis revealed differences in protein composition between large (F1), medium (F2–F3), and small (F4) kernel fractions of three Polish cultivars: Sukces and Tonacja (winter wheats) and Nawra (spring wheat). Statistical analysis indicated that grain protein composition is affected by the cultivar and kernel size, as well as by interaction of these traits. The albumin/globulin and glutenin fractions showed a tendency to decrease with diminishing kernel size. The gliadin content was affected to a greater extent by the kernel size than by the wheat genotype. The highest content of gliadins was observed in the smallest and the largest kernel fractions. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Low‐field NMR: A tool for studying protein aggregation
Authors: Indrawati Linda , Stroshine Richard L , Narsimhan Ganesan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLow‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin–spin relaxation (T2) measurements were used to study the denaturation and aggregation of β‐lactoglobulin (β‐LG) solutions of varying concentrations (1–80 g L−1) as they were heated at temperatures ranging from ambient up to 90 °C. For concentrations of 1–10 g L−1, the T2 of β‐LG solutions did not change, even after heating to 90 °C. A decrease in T2 was only observed when solutions having higher concentrations (20–80 g L−1) were heated. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and fluorescence tests using the dye 1‐anilino‐8‐naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) on 0.2 and 1 g L−1 solutions, respectively, indicated there were changes in the protein's secondary and tertiary conformations when the β‐LG solutions reached 70 °C and above. In addition, dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that protein aggregation occurred only at concentrations above 10 g L−1 and for heating at 70 °C and above. The hydrodynamic radius increased as T2 decreased. When excess 2‐mercaptoethanol was added, the changes in both T2 and the hydrodynamic radius followed the same trend for all β‐LG protein concentrations between 1 and 40 g L−1. These observations led to the conclusion that the changes in T2 were due to protein aggregation, not protein unfolding. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Moisture profile determination in urea prill. I
Authors: Barneto Agustin García , Carmona J Ariza 
Published: July 2007

AbstractUsing Karl Fischer titration, the moisture profile along the radius in urea prill was determined. Having verified that during dissolution in methanol the urea grains diminish in radius linearly with time, it was possible to calculate that the layer with the highest water content is at a depth of one‐third of the radius. The moisture profile is linear, with the central moisture content equal to four times the global moisture content of the grain. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of vision systems, black and white, colored and visual digitalization, in natural cork stopper quality estimation
Authors: Costa Augusta , Pereira Helena 
Published: July 2007

AbstractQuality classification of wine natural cork stoppers is related to presence of discontinuities in the cork tissue. Automated image analysis of stoppers based on black and white cameras is used industrially for commercial classification but recently color has been introduced in image processing. This paper compares the performance of three image vision systems regarding classification accuracy of cork stoppers of good, medium and inferior quality: black and white, three‐band RGB color and manual detection by digitalization in color image. A canonical discriminant analysis approach was used to compare the discriminating power between cork stopper quality in each vision system. Good discriminant results were obtained with the area of pores expressed either in total or as ratio, mean or maximum value. The use of color slightly enlarges the range of cork inspection systems and automated systems have a similar accuracy of classification to visual inspection. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Lipid and protein deterioration during the chilled storage of minced sea salmon (Pseudopercis semifasciata)
Authors: Tironi Valeria A , Tomás Mabel C , Añón María C 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSea salmon is a very appreciated seafood. The aim of this work was to analyze changes in lipid and protein fractions of minced muscle during chilled storage (1 ± 1 °C). Lipid oxidation was important during the first 6 days of storage according to 2‐thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values determined, decreasing mainly ω3 22:6 fatty acid content. Lipid hydrolysis was evident after 9 days of storage. Interaction compounds between oxidation products and other cellular components were analyzed by fluorescence measurements. The results obtained showed evidence of the formation of interaction products involved, mainly polar components such as proteins. Decreases in myosin and actin thermal stability and myosin denaturation were recorded by differential scanning calorimetry. Solubility of total and myofibrillar proteins decreased after 6 days of storage. The electrophoretic profile of soluble fractions showed an increase in the intensity of bands corresponding to low‐molecular‐weight polypeptides and a decrease in high‐molecular‐weight species. Available lysine content did not change during chilled storage. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Tumor doubling time and local immune response to hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer
Authors: Kito Ayako , Tanaka Kuniya , Fujimaki Haruka , Nakazawa Masatoshi , Togo Shinji , Minami Mutsuhiko , Shimada Hiroshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground and objectivesA number of studies have investigated the role of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes in cancer, yet the local immune response to hepatic colorectal cancer metastasis remains unclear. As the tumor doubling time (DT) of hepatic colorectal cancer metastases is a good index of tumor growth, we examined the correlation between tumor DT and the local immune response by phenotype in hepatic colorectal cancer metastases.MethodsTumor DT and local immune response were examined in 20 patients with hepatic colorectal cancer metastases by analyzing tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes using flow cytometry or immunohistochemical studies. Tumor proliferative activity was also investigated by determining the expression levels of Ki‐67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).ResultsLocally abundant populations of CD83+ dendritic cells (DCs) and CD8+ T cells were positively related to longer tumor DT (P < 0.05), as were abundant CD8+ T cells having interferon‐γ‐producing potentials (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between tumor cell expression levels of Ki‐67 or PCNA and tumor DT.ConclusionsLonger DT tumors have increased local populations of CD8+ T cells and CD83+ DCs even in hepatic colorectal cancer metastases. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:525–533. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How does the molecular velocity distribution affect kinetics measurements by time‐resolved mass spectrometry?
Authors: Taatjes Craig A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe equations governing the time fidelity in molecular‐beam mass sampling are derived for supersonic‐beam sampling, where the velocity distribution is well‐fitted by a displaced Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. Supersonic sampling is shown to offer much higher fidelity than the corresponding effusive‐beam sampling, and rules of thumb are derived for the validity of kinetic measurements for supersonic‐beam sampling. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 565–570, 2007
Mass spectrometry in nutrition: Understanding dietary health effects at the molecular level
Authors: Kussmann Martin , Affolter Michael , Nagy Kornél , Holst Birgit , Fay Laurent B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn modern nutrition research, mass spectrometry has developed into a tool to assess health, sensory as well as quality and safety aspects of food. In this review, we focus on health‐related benefits of food components and, accordingly, on biomarkers of exposure (bioavailability) and bioefficacy. Current nutrition research focuses on unraveling the link between dietary patterns, individual foods or food constituents and the physiological effects at cellular, tissue and whole body level after acute and chronic uptake. The bioavailability of bioactive food constituents as well as dose‐effect correlations are key information to understand the impact of food on defined health outcomes. Both strongly depend on appropriate analytical tools to identify and quantify minute amounts of individual compounds in highly complex matrices—food or biological fluids—and to monitor molecular changes in the body in a highly specific and sensitive manner. Based on these requirements, mass spectrometry has become the analytical method of choice with broad applications throughout all areas of nutrition research. The current review focuses on selected areas of application: protein and peptide as well as nutrient and metabolite analysis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 26:727–750, 2007
Transient stress and stress enzyme responses have practical impacts on parameters of embryo development, from IVF to directed differentiation of stem cells
Authors: Xie Y. , Liu J. , Proteasa S. , Proteasa G. , Zhong W. , Wang Y. , Wang F. , Puscheck E.E. , Rappolee D.A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this review, we discuss the expression, regulation, downstream mechanisms, and function of stress‐induced stress enzymes in mammalian oocytes, peri‐implantation embryos, and the stem cells derived from those embryos. Recent reports suggest that stress enzymes mediate developmental functions during early mammalian development, in addition to the homeostatic functions shared with somatic cells. Stress‐induced enzymes appear to insure that necessary developmental events occur: many of these events may occur at a slower rate, although some may occur more rapidly. Developmental events induced by stress may be mediated by a single dominant enzyme, but there are examples of responses that require the integration of more than one stress enzyme. The discussion focuses on the consequences of stress as a function of duration and magnitude, and this includes an emerging understanding of the threshold levels of duration and magnitude that lead to pathology. Other topics discussed are the reversibility of the developmental as well as homeostatic consequences of stress, the further problems with readaptation after stress subsides, and the mechanisms and functions of stress enzymes during early mammalian development. The analyses are done with specific concern for their practical impact in assisted reproductive technology (ART) and stem cell technologies. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 689–697, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applicability and limitations of MR tracking of neural stem cells with asymmetric cell division and rapid turnover: The case of the Shiverer dysmyelinated mouse brain
Authors: Walczak P. , Kedziorek D.A. , Gilad A.A. , Barnett B.P. , Bulte J.W.M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLacZ‐transfected C17.2 neural stem cells (NSCs) were labeled with the superparamagnetic iron oxide formulation Feridex prior to ICV injection in shi/shi neonates. Feridex labeling did not alter cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Initially, MR images obtained at 11.7T correlated closely to NSC distribution as assessed with anti‐dextran and anti‐β‐galactosidase double‐fluorescent immunostaining. However, at 6 days postgrafting there was already a pronounced mismatch between the hypointense MR signal and the histologically determined cell distribution, with a surprisingly sharp cutoff rather than a gradual decrease of signal. Positive in vivo BrdU labeling of NSCs showed that significant cell replication occurred post‐transplantation, causing rapid dilution of Feridex particles between mother and daughter cells toward undetectable levels. Neural differentiation experiments demonstrated asymmetric cell division, explaining the observed sharp cutoff. At later time points (2 weeks), the mismatch further increased by the presence of non‐cell‐associated Feridex particles resulting from active excretion or cell death. These results are a first demonstration of the inability of MRI to track rapidly dividing and self‐renewing, asymmetrically dividing SCs. Therefore, MR cell tracking should only be applied for nonproliferating cells or short‐term monitoring of highly‐proliferative cells, with mitotic symmetry or asymmetry being important for determining its applicability. Magn Reson Med 58:261–269, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.