bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetik der idiopathischen Epilepsien
Authors: Sander T. , Gaus V. 
Published: August 2007

Zusammenfassung
Die idiopathischen Epilepsien sind ätiologisch überwiegend genetisch determiniert und repräsentieren etwa 40% aller Epilepsien. Mutationen in Genen von Ionenkanälen spielen eine zentrale Rolle bei der Pathogenese von eher monogenen Epilepsieformen. Molekulargenetische Forschungsansätze bei den häufigen genetisch komplexen Epilepsien stehen noch am Anfang der Aufklärung der molekularen Mechanismen der Epileptogenese. Erst die umfassende Identifizierung der wichtigsten genetischen Risikofaktoren wird es ermöglichen, verlässliche individuelle Risikoprofile zu erstellen und präventiv ausgerichtete Therapieansätze zu entwickeln.
Genetic diversity of cultivated and wild-type peanuts evaluated with M13-tailed SSR markers and sequencing
Authors: BARKLEY NOELLE A. , DEAN ROB E. , PITTMAN ROY N. , WANG MING L. , HOLBROOK CORLEY C. , PEDERSON GARY A. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThirty-one genomic SSR markers with a M13 tail attached were used to assess the genetic diversity of the peanut mini core collection. The M13-tailed method was effective in discriminating almost all the cultivated and wild accessions. A total of 477 alleles were detected with an average of 15·4 alleles per locus. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) score was 0·687. The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) mini core produced a total of 312 alleles with an average of 10·1 alleles per locus. A neighbour-joining tree was constructed to determine the interspecific and intraspecific relationships in this data set. Almost all the peanut accessions in this data set classified into subspecies and botanical varieties such as subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea, subsp. fastigiata var. fastigiata, and subsp. fastigiata var. vulgaris clustered with other accessions with the same classification, which lends further support to their current taxonomy. Alleles were sequenced from one of the SSR markers used in this study, which demonstrated that the repeat motif is conserved when transferring the marker across species borders. This study allowed the examination of the diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the peanut mini core which has not been previously reported.
Microbial reductive dehalogenation in Antarctic melt pond sediments
Authors: Griffin Benjamin M. , Tiedje James M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDue to its geographic isolation and relatively limited human impact, Antarctica is a promising location to study the eco-physiology of natural halogen cycles. Anaerobic sediments from Antarctic melt ponds on Ross Island and on the McMurdo Ice Shelf near Bratina Island were tested for activity of microbial reductive dehalogenation. Anaerobic enrichment cultures were established with potential electron donors and tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, 2-bromophenol, 2-chlorophenol, 3-bromobenzoate, or 3-chlorobenozoate, as model halocarbon electron acceptors. Dechlorination of aromatic compounds was limited, whereas 2-bromophenol was debrominated in seven of the eight sediments and one site also showed debromination of 3-bromobenzoate. A most probable number estimate with 2-bromophenol at one site revealed 103–104cultivatable debrominators per gram of sediment (wet weight). Chloroethene dechlorination was slow and primarily produced trichloroethene from tetrachloroethene, although bothcis-andtrans-dichloroethene were detected in certain enrichments upon extended incubation. These results demonstrate the presence of reductive dehalogenating activity in anaerobic, Antarctic melt-pond sediments and expand the known metabolic diversity of Antarctic microorganisms.
Genetic diversity of male sterile and low fertility germplasm ofCitrusrevealed using SSR markers
Authors: Qing-Qin Cao , Hai-Jun Meng , Xiao-Peng Wen , Hua-Lin Yi , Xiu-Xin Deng 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe genetic diversity of 43 male sterile and low fertilityCitrusaccessions, as well as 13 fertile ones, were assessed using simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs). Thirty-five polymorphic alleles were generated from eight primers (on average 4.4 alleles per primer). Cluster analysis was performed via unweighted pair group method analysis (UPGMA) using the NTSYS-pc version 2.10. The results showed that the accessions could be classified into three groups: cultivars of mandarin were classified into group 1; those of sweet orange, grapefruit, ponkan or tangor into group 2; andMicrocitruswith male sterile cytoplasm into group 3. Cluster analysis also revealed that Satsuma mandarin was more closely related to Bendiguangju mandarin than to Zaoju, Mankieh or Huangyan Bendizao tangerine. The present study on genetic diversity of male sterile and low fertilityCitruswill provide useful information for further collection, preservation and utilization of this plant.
Genetic diversity analysis ofMystus guttatusfrom Xijiang Branch of Pearl River
Authors: Zhong-Yao Jiao , Sai Chen , Xin-Ping Zhu , He-Jun Du , Guan-Min Zheng , Kun-Ci Chen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe spotted longbarbel catfish (Mystus guttatus) is a member of the family Bagridae and is mainly distributed in the Pearl River Valley and Nandujiang River of Hainan Island. It is one of the four most famous fishes in the history of Pearl River Valley. Nowadays,M. guttatushas become a potential target for aquaculture in China due to its high nutritional value, but its genetic background is still unknown. This study was carried out to estimate its population genetic diversity in Pearl River. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was performed on 30 samples, using 20 random primers of length 10 nucleotides. The results showed that each primer amplified 3–9 bands per sample. Twenty primers produced 3210 well-amplified DNA fragments with reproducible band patterns and the average number of amplified DNA fragments reached 107 in each individual. Broadly speaking, 48 (44.9%) of 107 loci were polymorphic. Only the S30 primer did not produce polymorphic loci. The genetic distance of individuals ranged from 0.0467 to 0.2804. The average genetic distance among the 30 individuals was 0.1526±0.037. Genetic data in this study could be useful in genetic resource assessment as well as in wild population conservation and exploitation ofM. guttatusin the future.
Analysis of isozymes related to energy metabolism of adultTegillarca granosa
Authors: Xiu-Rong Su , Zhen-Ming Lv , Tai-Wu Li , Zhi-Ming Liu , Chien Paul K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe isozymes of 10 enzymes connected with energy metabolism inTegillarca granosawere analysed by vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Esterase and α-amylase are enzymes related to energy intake, their activities were high in the digestive gland. Malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) are enzymes related to energy metabolism. The main energy supply ofT. granosacomes from aerobic respiration; anaerobic metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway take an auxiliary role in energy metabolism. The high activity of G-6-PDH inT. granosamight mean a considerable proportion of carbohydrates metabolized through this pathway. This reaction could provide abundant NADP for metabolism inT. granosa. Compared with other shellfish,T. granosahad lower activity of ATPase, which might have some relationship with the amnicolous life and low motility of this animal.
Value of Whole-Body Washing With Chlorhexidine for the Eradication of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus:A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Wendt C. , Schinke S. , Württemberger M. , Oberdorfer K. , Bock-Hensley O. , von Baum H. 
Published: August 2007

Background.Whole-body washing with antiseptic solution has been widely used as part of eradication treatment for colonization with methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA), but evidence for the effectiveness of this measure is limited.Objective.To study the efficacy of whole-body washing with chlorhexidine for the control of MRSA.Design.Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial.Setting.University Hospital of Heidelberg and surrounding nursing homes.Patients.MRSA carriers who were not treated concurrently with antibiotics effective against MRSA were eligible for the study.Intervention.Five days of whole-body washing with either 4% chlorhexidine solution (treatment group) or with a placebo solution. All patients received mupirocin nasal ointment and chlorhexidine mouth rinse. The outcome was evaluated 3, 4, 5, 9, and 30 days after treatment with swab samples taken from several body sites.Results.Of 114 patients enrolled in the study (56 in the treatment group and 58 in the placebo group), 11 did not finish treatment (8 from the treatment group and 3 from the placebo group [P= .02]). At baseline, the groups did not differ with regard to age, sex, underlying condition, site of MRSA colonization, or history of MRSA eradication treatment. Eleven patients were MRSA-free 30 days after treatment (4 from the treatment group and 7 from the placebo group [P= .47]). Only groin-area colonization was significantly better eradicated by the use of chlorhexidine. The best predictor for total eradication was a low number of body sites positive for MRSA. Adverse effects were significantly more frequent in the treatment group than in the placebo group (any symptom, 71% vs 33%) but were reversible in most cases.Conclusion.Whole-body washing can reduce skin colonization, but it appears necessary to extend eradication measures to the gastrointestinal tract, wounds, and/or other colonized body sites if complete eradication is the goal.Trial Registration.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00266448.
Severe Surgical Site Infection in Community Hospitals: Epidemiology, Key Procedures, and the Changing Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Anderson Deverick J. , Sexton Daniel J. , Kanafani Zeina A. , Auten Grace , Kaye Keith S. 
Published: August 2007

Objective.To characterize the epidemiology of severe (ie, nonsuperficial) surgical site infection (SSI) in community hospitals.Methods.SSI data were collected prospectively at 26 community hospitals in the southeastern United States. Two analyses were performed: (1) a study of the overall prevalence rates of SSI and the prevalence rates of SSI due to specific pathogens in 2005 at all participating hospitals and (2) a prospective study of consecutive surgical procedures at 9 of the 26 community hospitals from 2000 through 2005.Results.In 2005, a total of 1,010 SSIs occurred after 89,302 procedures (prevalence rate, 1.13 infections per 100 procedures). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was the pathogen most commonly recovered (from 175 SSIs). Trend data from 2000 through 2005 demonstrated that the prevalence rate of MRSA SSI almost doubled during this period, increasing from 0.12 infections per 100 procedures (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.13) to 0.23 infections per 100 procedures (95% CI, 0.22-0.24) (P<.0001). In adjusted analysis, MRSA SSI was significantly more prevalent at the end of the study period than at the beginning (prevalence rate ratio, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.36-1.61]; P<.0001).Conclusions.MRSA was the pathogen that most commonly caused SSI in our network of community hospitals during 2005. The prevalence of MRSA SSI has increased significantly over the past 6 years.
Eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua callarias) stock dynamics: extending the analytical assessment back to the mid-1940s
Authors: Eero Margit , Köster Friedrich W. , Plikshs Maris , Thurow Fritz 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Eero, M., Köster, F. W., Plikshs, M., and Thurow, F. 2007. Eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua callarias) stock dynamics: extending the analytical assessment back to the mid-1940s. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1257–1271. The status of the eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua callarias) stock has been assessed annually by ICES since 1966. To understand better the causes of stock fluctuations and to evaluate human impact on the stock relative to natural variability, longer time-series than currently available are needed. To achieve this, data back to the mid-1940s were compiled to extend the analytical assessment. Estimates are provided of stock development and its exploitation for a 20-year period before the start of the current assessment. The quality of the data and the credibility of the historical estimates are discussed. Considerable fluctuations in cod biomass and recruitment in the pre-assessment years were identified. Stock size was estimated to be relatively low after the Second World War, then increased during the first half of the 1950s, but did not reach the high levels of abundance subsequently observed in the early 1980s, and then declined towards the mid-1960s. Fishing mortality was low after the Second World War but increased rapidly in the second half of the 1950s, reaching the high levels observed since the 1980s.
Constitutive Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 activation results in specific changes in gene expression in myeloid leukaemic cells
Authors: Kim Kyu‐Tae , Baird Kristin , Davis Sean , Piloto Obdulio , Levis Mark , Li Li , Chen Peili , Meltzer Paul , Small Donald 
Published: August 2007

SummaryConstitutively activating internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations of the receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 (Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3) play an important role in leukaemogenesis. We have examined, by cDNA microarray analysis, the changes in gene expression induced by FLT3/ITD or constitutively activated wild type FLT3 signalling. A limited set of genes was consistently affected by FLT3 inhibition. In confirmation of their FLT3 dependence, these genes returned toward pretreatment levels of expression after reversal of FLT3 inhibition. Several of the most significantly affected genes are involved in the RAS/mitogen‐activated protein kinase, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways. These data suggest that constitutively activated FLT3 works through multiple signal transduction pathways. PIM1, MYC and CCND3 were chosen from this gene set to explore their biological roles. Knock‐down of these genes by small interfering RNA showed that these genes play important roles in constitutively activated FLT3 expressing cells. The alterations of the gene expression profiles in these cells help to further elucidate the mechanisms of FLT3‐mediated leukaemogenesis.
Waldenström macroglobulinaemia
Authors: Fonseca Rafael , Hayman Suzanne 
Published: August 2007

SummaryOver time, Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) has evolved conceptually from a clinical syndrome to a distinct clinicopathological entity. Progress is being made in standardization of the disease definition and treatment response criteria, although nosologic controversies persist. According to the Second International Workshop on WM, the disease is defined as a B‐cell neoplasm characterized by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the bone marrow, with an associated immunoglobulin (Ig) M paraprotein. Disease symptoms are often divided into those related to tumour infiltration and those related to the rheological effects of the monoclonal IgM. As with other low‐grade lymphomas, asymptomatic patients are observed only, with treatment reserved for symptomatic patients. There is no standard treatment for WM and choices include rituximab, alkylating agents, purine nucleoside analogues, alone or in combination, as well as autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant in eligible patients. Novel treatments, such as bortezomib, oblimersen sodium, perifosine and others are being evaluated.
Meteorological influences on algal bloom potential in a nutrient‐rich blackwater river
Authors: PHLIPS EDWARD J. , HENDRICKSON JOHN , QUINLAN ERIN L. , CICHRA M. 
Published: August 2007

Summary1. The effect of variability in rainfall on the potential for algal blooms was examined for the St Johns River in northeast Florida. Water chemistry and phytoplankton data were collected at selected sites monthly from 1993 through 2003. Information on rainfall and estimates of water turnover rates were used in the analyses of trends in phytoplankton biomass.2. Major trends in rainfall and runoff within the lower St Johns River catchment over the 10‐year study period were marked by both significant drought and flood periods. Autumn and winter rainfall patterns were strongly correlated with the range of Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies associated with El Niño events and La Niña periods. The effect of these major shifts in rainfall was evident in the strong relationship to replacement rates for water within the lower St Johns River.3. The eutrophic status of the river was reflected in the high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus observed at all sampling sites, with total nitrogen concentrations up to 3100 μg L−1 and total phosphorus concentrations up to 180 μg L−1.4. While it is clear that the high phytoplankton biomass and frequent blooms that characterize the freshwater portions of the lower St Johns River are fundamentally based on nutrient status, the expression of that potential was strongly correlated to water replacement rates, as revealed by the inverse relationship between phytoplankton biovolume increase and water turnover rate, with an R2 of 0.80 for the major bloom season. The sensitivity of algal blooms to rainfall patterns over the 10‐year study period suggest that longer‐term temporal and spatial shifts in rainfall, such as multi‐decadal cycles and the global‐warming phenomenon, will also influence the frequency and intensity of algal blooms.
Effects of continuous or rotational grazing of two perennial ryegrass varieties on the chemical composition of the herbage and the performance of finishing lambs
Authors: Marley C. L. , Fraser M. D. , Fisher W. J. , Forbes A. B. , Jones R. , Moorby J. M. , MacRae J. C. , Theodorou M. K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPlant breeding has developed perennial ryegrass varieties with increased concentrations of water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) compared with conventional varieties. Water‐soluble carbohydrates are major metabolic and storage components in ryegrass. Therefore, if perennial ryegrass herbage is allowed to grow to greater heights it should contain higher water‐soluble carbohydrates concentrations, for example as under rotational grazing rather than continuous grazing by livestock. This study investigated this hypothesis and measured the performance of lambs grazed rotationally and continuously. Replicated plots of the variety AberDart (bred to express high WSC concentrations) or the variety Fennema were grazed by a core group of ten male Cheviot lambs for 10 weeks. Lambs were weighed and replicate forage samples were taken every 7 d. Concentrations of WSC in AberDart herbage were significantly (P < 0·05), but not substantially, higher than those in Fennema herbage. Rotational grazing did not increase the differential in WSC concentration between the AberDart and Fennema varieties. However, there was a tendency (P = 0·07) for lambs rotationally grazing the AberDart swards to have a higher final live weight than lambs grazing the Fennema swards. Overall, lamb performance was increased when either perennial ryegrass variety was rotationally rather than continuously grazed (P < 0·001).
Genotypic variation in patterns of root distribution, nitrate interception and response to moisture stress of a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) mapping population
Authors: Crush J. R. , Easton H. S. , Waller J. E. , Hume D. E. , Faville M. J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractGenotypic variation in patterns of root distribution, nitrate interception and response to moisture stress were assessed in both parents and 198 progeny of a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) full‐sibling mapping population. This was carried out in metre‐deep tubes of sand culture in a glasshouse experiment. The proportion of root dry matter (DM) weight in the top 10 cm of sand ranged from 0·33 to 0·75 and values of log10(1 − K), whereKis the constant for an exponential model relating root DM weight and root depth, also showed wide variation among genotypes. The proportion of a pulse of15N recovered in whole plants ranged from 0·124 to 0·431. There was a positive linear correlation between the proportion of15N recovered and plant total DM weight, but no relationship between nitrate interception and patterns of distribution of DM weight of roots. Some genotypes responded to moisture stress by increasing root growth, and in others root growth was inhibited. It is concluded that this below‐ground variability in root variables may be an evolutionary adaptation by plant populations to survive heterogeneity in soil biotic and edaphic factors.
Seasonal distribution of herbage mass and nutritive value of Prairiegrass (Bromus catharticus Vahl)
Authors: Belesky D. P. , Ruckle J. M. , Abaye A. O. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA reliable supply of herbage is a crucial feature of forage‐based livestock systems. Forage resources with winter‐active growth habits can help extend the growing season in early spring and late autumn in regions with mild‐winter conditions while drought‐ and heat‐tolerant plants help meet herbage needs during summer in humid temperate regions. The prairiegrass (Bromus catharticus, Vahl) cultivars, Grassland Dixon and Grasslands Lakota, provide resistance to foliar disease and cold in addition to sustained productivity when soil moisture is low, and could be useful over a wide range of growing conditions. The cultivars were sown in spring or summer to determine seasonal distribution of productivity and nutritive value of herbage grown in a cool‐temperate region. Stands established rapidly regardless of sowing time or cultivar and were virtually pure prairiegrass once plants were well‐established. Stand composition of broadcast sowings tended to be stable in subsequent growing seasons, whereas the amount of prairiegrass varied in no‐till stands. In the growing seasons after establishment, cumulative dry matter (DM) yield of Lakota was similar regardless of when it was sown, whereas DM yield of Dixon differed with sowing time and was less in spring‐ than summer‐planted stands. Rapid stand establishment, significant late‐season yield, consistent concentrations of crude protein, non‐structural carbohydrate and total digestible nutrients in herbage, and dominance of sward composition, suggest that prairiegrass cultivars, Dixon and Lakota, are excellent resources for forage‐based livestock production systems in humid temperate conditions.