bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selecting pet dogs on the basis of cluster analysis of breed behavior profiles and gender
Authors: Hart Benjamin L. , Hart Lynette A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Using a computer-generated data base of rankings of 56 breeds of dogs on 13 behavioral traits, a factor analysis was performed to determine the extent to which a few general underlying behavioral tendencies are manifested in specific characteristics. Three factors, referred to as reactivity, aggression, and trainability, accounted for 81% of the variance in the 13 behavioral traits. Subsequently, a cluster analysis was performed to generate 7 clusters of dog breeds on the basis of similarity in scores for each of the 3 main factors. The clusters reflected to some degree the conventional groupings of dogs into working, sporting, hound, and terrier breeds. A quantitative analysis of the ranking of male dogs vs female dogs for the 13 characteristics revealed that males differed from females on 10 traits. It was concluded that these gender and cluster profiles will allow people to select a breed or gender of dog that is most likely to match the emotional and physical needs of the person who will provide a home for the pet.
Occipitoatlantoaxial malformation in two non-Arabian horses
Authors: Wilson W. David , Hughes Sheree J. , Ghoshal Nani G. , McNeel Sandra V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Occipitoatlantoaxial malformation was diagnosed in a 19-month-old mare of Appaloosa breeding and in a 3-year-old Quarter Horse gelding. Both horses had abnormal head and neck carriage since birth, but neurologic deficits did not become evident clinically until the horses reached 2 and 3 years of age, respectively. Palpation and manipulation of the base of the skull and cervical area proved to be useful diagnostically. Movement could not be elicited at the atlantooccipital joint but, in comparison with clinically normal horses, the range of dorsoventral motion at the atlantoaxial joint was increased. Alternate subluxation and relocation of this joint generated audible clicking sounds.
Radiography revealed symmetric atlantooccipital fusion, with modification of the atlas, atlantoaxial joint, and axis. These findings were confirmed at necropsy.
Periosteal transection and stripping for treatment of angular limb deformities in foals: Clinical observations
Authors: Bertone Alicia L. , Turner A. Simon , Park Richard D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Correction was attempted in 27 foals (41 limbs) with angular deformities at the carpal region (35 limbs), metatarsophalangeal region (5 limbs) and distal end of the tibia (1 limb) by hemicircumferential transection of the periosteum (hctp) and periosteal stripping (ps). Successful outcome was determined by straight limbs and soundness, which was achieved in 81.5% of the cases, with 60% of the horses in performance training. Follow-up evaluation for all foals was completed at various times after physiologic closure of the physes. In none of the limbs was the deformity overcorrected.
Owners of foals with carpal region deviations corrected by means of hctp and ps were satisfied with the result. The cosmetic appearance of the surgical site was excellent. The hctp and ps adequately corrected greater degrees of carpal region deformity and greater degrees of deformity in older foals than previously reported with this or other surgical techniques.
Salmonella shed by horses with colic
Authors: Palmer Jonathan E. , Benson Charles E. , Whitlock Robert H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Salmonella was isolated from 13 of 100 colicky horses admitted to a referral hospital. Seven horses were shedding the microorganism at or soon after hospital admission. A unique serotype was introduced into the hospital by a horse not shedding Salmonella at admission. It was concluded that 8 horses were infected before admission. Whether the remaining 5 horses were infected before or after admission could not be determined. Salmonella senftenberg was the most commonly isolated serotype from colicky horses and from horses with salmonellosis that were not colicky on hospital admission during the survey period. This organism was rarely isolated at the hospital before initiation of this survey.
Type I biplanar configuration of external skeletal fixation: Application technique in nine dogs and one cat
Authors: Egger Erick L. , Rigg Dale L. , Blass Charles E. , Berg R. John , Runyon Caroline L. , Wykes Peggy M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Mechanical attributes and techniques of applying the type I biplanar (quadrilateral) configuration of external skeletal fixation are reported. The apparatus was used clinically on 9 dogs and 1 cat with long bone fractures. Bony union occurred in these animals, but was slightly delayed in one. Return to clinical function of the limb generally was good to excellent. The instances of delayed union and poor clinical results are discussed to emphasize the use of good techniques of application and case selection.
Malignant edema in horses
Authors: Rebhun William C. , Shin Sang J. , King John M. , Baum Karen H. , Patten Valerie 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Malignant edema (clostridial myositis) was diagnosed in 9 horses with signs of illness that included fever, depression, painful muscular swellings, and toxemia. The infection followed intramuscular injections in 8 horses and developed in a puncture wound in 1 horse. Treatment consisted of surgical fenestration of the involved muscle, high doses of penicillin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and analgesics, and supportive fluid therapy. Five horses recovered and 4 died. Those that died had advanced signs of the disease at admission.
Malignant histiocytosis in four dogs
Authors: Wellman Maxey L. , Davenport Deborah J. , Morton Daniel , Jacobs Robert M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The clinical and pathologic features of 4 dogs with malignant histiocytosis were evaluated. The most common clinical signs were weight loss, lethargy, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and anemia. Neoplastic histiocytic infiltrates most commonly were found in the spleen, bone marrow, liver, or lymph nodes. Malignant histiocytosis was considered as a differential diagnosis for anemic dogs with lymphadenopathy and/or hepatosplenomegaly.
Lesions in the ocular posterior segment of raptors
Authors: Buyukmihci Nedim C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirty-eight free-living raptors, including various hawks, owls, and an eagle, had lesions of the ocular posterior segment believed to be the result of trauma. Although lesions of the anterior ocular segment and of the rest of the body often were seen, the lesions of the posterior segment of the eye were disproportionately more severe and usually were not suspected by rehabilitation personnel. The tightly encased raptor eye, with its anteriorly placed scleral ossicles, may have rendered the eye more susceptible to contrecoup damage. In the birds that were treated, ocular lesions were resolved and some vision was restored.
Hemograms and microscopic lesions of herring gulls during captivity
Authors: Hoffman Andrew M. , Leighton Frederick A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Herring gulls (Larus argentatus) kept in captivity for a maximum of 28 days developed marked heterophilia and nonregenerative anemia. These hematologic findings remained abnormal throughout captivity. Concurrently, severe amyloid deposition was seen in vessel walls of the spleen and in other tissues, and vacuolar degeneration of catecholamine-producing cells of the adrenal glands was found in gulls necropsied at various intervals. Behavioral signs of stress were seen in the early stages of captivity, but were not seen in most gulls after day 3. Clinical signs referable to the microscopic lesions were not observed in this study. Therefore, gulls brought into captivity appear to adapt behaviorally, but maintain severe microscopic lesions and an abnormal hemogram.
Disease patterns in the Detroit Zoo: A study of the avian population from 1973 through 1983
Authors: Kaneene John B. , Taylor R. Flint , Sikarskie James G. , Meyer Teresa J. , Richter Nadine A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate disease patterns in birds at the Detroit Zoo from 1973 through 1983. Data were derived from the zoo's medical and animal census records; the mean (± sd) population of birds during the study period was 469 ± 42. Overall annual morbidity rates were 12.5% to 21.5%, with spring months having the highest morbidity rates. Annual mortality rates were 3.1% to 15.2%; 23.9% of the deaths were caused by microbial agents (particularly Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, hemolytic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Aeromonas spp and Proteus spp), 15.4% by trauma, and 42.5% by nondetermined causes. The mute swan (Cygnus olor), mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos), common gallinule (Gallinula chloropus), common rhea (Rhea americana), and red-billed hornbill (Tockus erythrorhynchus) were the 5 species most frequently affected of the 1,032 deaths from 1973 through 1983. The most frequently isolated parasites were Microtetramere spp, coccidian species, Diplotriaena spp, and Trichomonia spp.
Ocular anterior segment disease in northern fur seals
Authors: Stoskopf Michael K. , Zimmerman Steven , Hirst Lawrence W. , Green Richard 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eyes of 1,716 wild northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus; 1,501 subadults and 215 adults) were examined for the prevalence of ocular anterior segment disease; 4.6% of the seals had clinically recognizable eye lesions. Six seals had bilateral eye lesions. Corneal scars were the most frequently observed lesion, followed by prominent lens sutures, cataracts, and iris depigmentations. Corneal edema, active corneal ulceration, or inflammation was not observed. Examination of normal corneas indicated an epithelial structure similar to that of the California sea lion, with 11 to 14 layers of nucleated superficial stratified squamous cells that lacked keratohyaline granules. The seal corneal endothelium had less hexagonality than do human corneal endothelial cells, with mean endothelial cell areas of 331 to 396 μm2, similar to that found in primates.
An epizootic of leptospirosis in California sea lions
Authors: Dierauf Leslie A. , Vandenbroek Debra J. , Roletto Janette , Koski Marilyn , Amaya Lynn , Gage Laurie J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Between May and December 1984, an epizootic of leptospirosis in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) occurred along the west coast of the United States from Monterey County, Calif, northward to Seattle, Wash. Clinical signs observed were severe depression, excessive thirst, and tucked-up posturing, with associated leukocytosis and increased globulin, bun, and creatinine values. Effective antibiotic therapy consisted of tetracycline (22 mg/kg of body weight every 8 hours, orally) or potassium penicillin G (44,000 U/kg every 12 hours, orally or im) for 10 to 14 days. Sixty-six sea lions were treated successfully and released. Necropsies of animals that died indicated marked kidney swelling, darkened reniculi, and poorly differentiated cortices and medullae, thick, black bile in gallbladders, thick, pale yellow pericardial fluid, and friable hemorrhagic mesentery. Primary histologic lesions were tubular nephritis and glomerulonephritis. Darkfield microscopy of kidney macerates and/or urine, and results of the microscopic agglutination test, using Leptospira serovar pomona-killed antigen led to a presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis. Bacteriologie isolation and identification is ongoing. The epizootic primarily affected juvenile or subadult male California sea lions migrating northward from breeding rookeries of southern California's Channel Islands.
Disease patterns in the Detroit Zoo: A study of the mammalian population from 1973 through 1983
Authors: Kaneene John B. , Taylor R. Flint , Sikarskie James G. , Meyer Teresa J. , Richter Nadine A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate disease patterns in the mammals at the Detroit Zoo from 1973 through 1983. The reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), common eland (Taurotragus oryx), rednecked Wallaby (Protemnodon rufogrisea), sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii), and kangaroo (Macropus spp) were the most frequently affected mammalian species. Parasitic agents (80% of which were internal parasites) caused morbidity in 60.2% of the mammals evaluated (n = 2,475) and microbial agents caused morbidity in 20.8% of the animals. Strongyloides spp, Trichostrongylus spp, coccidian species, Diphyllobothrium spp, and Trichuris spp were the internal parasites most frequently found. Overall annual mortality rate was 14% to 34%, with microbiological agents causing the highest mortality (26.5%). Pasteurella spp, beta-hemolytic Streptococcus spp, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium spp, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most frequent microbial causes of death. Cause of mortality could not be determined in 21.5% of the animals evaluated. The percentage of animals successfully treated increased from 1973 through 1983. Generally, however, the percentage of successfully treated animals was low (21% to 39%).
Efficacy of fenbendazole for endoparasite control in large herds of nondomestic ruminants
Authors: Janssen Donald L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An experimental 4% fenbendazole premix was milled into the feed of 55 nondomestic ruminants (37 antilopines, 12 hippotragines, and 6 caprines). Efficacy of the premix against endoparasites in the ruminants was determined by comparison with pre- and posttreatment fecal egg counts. Dosages calculated from feed consumption percentages were 3.6 to 8.5 mg/kg. Dosages <5 mg/kg resulted in 80% to 100% reductions in fecal egg counts, and dosages >5 mg/kg resulted in 98% to 100% reductions in fecal egg counts. With all dosage groups considered, Strongyloides and Nematodirus eggs were most sensitive to treatment, with 100% reductions in fecal egg counts. Strongyle and Trichuris egg counts were reduced 90% and 96%, respectively.
Insulin-secreting tumor: Diagnosis and medical and surgical management in 55 dogs
Authors: Leifer Connie E. , Peterson Mark E. , Matus Robert E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Insulin-secreting tumor of the pancreas was diagnosed in 55 dogs. Diagnosis was based mainly on the increase of serum insulin concentrations in the presence of hypoglycemia. The use of the amended insulin/glucose ratio to diagnose the tumor, although providing less false-negative results than did increased serum insulin concentrations alone, appeared less specific and gave false-positive results in dogs without insulin-secreting tumors. Management of the disease included surgical intervention alone (26 dogs), surgery plus medical management with diazoxide (14 dogs), and medical management with diazoxide alone (4 dogs). Eleven dogs were euthanatized at the time of diagnosis. Diazoxide therapy controlled hypoglycemia in about 70% of the dogs.
Diskospondylitis in a kennel of dogs: Clinicopathologic findings
Authors: Turnwald Grant H. , Shires Peter K. , Turk Margaret A. M. , Cox Hollis Utah , Pechman Robert D. , Kearney Michael T. , Hugh-Jones Martin E. , Balsamo Gary A. , Helouin Carl M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Selected aspects pertaining to the cause and pathogenesis of diskospondylitis were investigated in a kennel of 45 Airedale Terriers.
Diskospondylitis was detected via spinal radiography in 17 male and 14 female dogs. Bacteria isolated from the coat, vagina, and urine of affected Airedales were not statistically different from those isolated from clinically normal Airedales. Serologic evidence of Brucella canis infection was not detected. There was no difference in response to thyrotropin stimulation tests between affected and clinically normal dogs. Necropsy findings in affected dogs included hypercellular renal glomeruli and pulmonary arterial thrombi.
Periorbital skull fractures in five horses
Authors: Caron J. P. , Barber S. M. , Bailey J. V. , Fretz P. B. , Pharr J. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Periorbital skull fractures were diagnosed in 5 horses, and were associated with ophthalmic complications including corneal ulceration, uveitis, and entrapment of the eye by retrobulbar bone fragments. Physical examination was of greater diagnostic use than radiography. Surgical repair was performed on all horses and was associated with a more favorable postoperative appearance in horses treated acutely; however, the cosmetic results were considered acceptable in all horses. Major post-operative complications were not observed.
Iron deficiency and pseudo-iron deficiency in hospitalized horses
Authors: Smith Joseph E. , Cipriano JoAnn E. , DeBowes Richard , Moore Kateri 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Values for serum ferritin, serum iron, and serum total-iron binding capacity were determined in 100 hospitalized horses. Six foals had iron deficiency, as indicated by low serum ferritin and iron concentrations. Twenty-eight horses had low serum iron content and normal or high serum ferritin content and were considered to have pseudo-iron deficiency, possibly in response to infection. Ten horses had serum ferritin concentrations that were quite high, probably indicating iron overload.
Congenital spirochetosis in calves: Association with epizootic bovine abortion
Authors: Osebold John W. , Spezialetti Rosanne , Jennings Myra B. , Pritchett Randall F. , Bushnell Robert B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Congenital spirochetosis wag encountered as a newly recognized infection of cattle. The spirochete was seen in blood of fetuses with lesions of epizootic bovine abortion. A spirochete with morphologic feaitures similar to those found in the fetuses was detected in Ornithodoros coriaceus ticks. Ticks collected from rangelands were allowed to feed on cows that then produced epizootic bovine abortion-affected fetuses, and the fetuses had spirochetosis. Inapparent spirochetosis also was found in fetuses in clinically normal cattle sent to slaughter. Only a few lesions were seen in abattoir-collected fetuses. Fetal spirochetosis was common in the bovine population studied, and it appeared that infection may be limited only by the availability of the tick vector.
Characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid associated with canine granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis: A retrospective study
Authors: Bailey Cleta Sue , Higgins Robert J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cerebrospinal fluid of 22 dogs with histologically confirmed granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis was analyzed, retrospectively. Seventeen dogs had cisternal csf analysis, 4 dogs had lumbar csf analysis, and 1 dog had both. For cisternal csf, the mean ± sem total wbc count was 800.8 ±300.9 cells/μl. The wbc differential count was predominantly lymphoplasmacytic cells, but 13 of the 18 cisternal csf had polymorphonuclear (pmn) cells, and the mean ± sem pmn cell percentage was 18.6 ± 5.3%. The mean ± sem total protein content of cisternal csf was 255.8 ± 98 mg/dl. Of 5 cisternal csf pressures measured, 4 were within the normal range. The mean ± sem total wbc count and total protein content of lumbar csf were 533.4 ± 256.5 cells/μ/μl and 163.2 ± 25 mg of protein/dl, respectively. As with cisternal csf, the wbc differential count of lumbar csf was predominantly lymphoplasmacytic cells. Of 5 lumbar csf, 4 contained pmn cells, but the percentage was less than the pmn cell percentage of cisternal csf. Although variable, the general pattern of csf abnormality associated with granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis was different from the csf abnormalities commonly seen with viral, bacterial, or mycotic encephalitides.
Diagnostic value of serum γ-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase activities in hepatobiliary disease in the cat
Authors: Center Sharon A. , Baldwin Betty H. , Dillingham Stephanie , Erb Hollis N. , Tennant Bud C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The diagnostic value of serum γ-glutamyl transferase (ggt) activity and serum alkaline phosphatase (alp) activity in the detection of liver disease in the cat (n = 69) was compared. On the basis of histologic examination of the liver, cats were assigned to 8 groups: group 1—complete extrahepatic bile duct obstruction (n = 5), group 2—cholangiohepatitis-cholangitis syndrome (n = 11), group 3—hepatic lipidosis (n = 15), group 4—neoplasia, including lymphosarcoma and myeloproliferative disease (n = 9), group 5—hepatic necrosis (n = 7), group 6—cirrhosis (n = 3), group 7—portosystemic vascular anomaly (n = 4), and group 8—miscellaneous (n = 15). Cats assigned to group 8 lacked substantial histologic abnormalities of the liver.
The mean value ± sd of ggt in 20 clinically normal cats was 0.44 ± 0.26 IU/L. The highest ggt activity in clinical patients developed in groups 1, 2, and 6. The highest alp activity developed in groups 1 to 4. Significant correlations between ggt and alp activities were detected only in groups 2 (P < 0.001) and 5 (P < 0.10).
Among 54 cats with hepatic disease, only 11% had both the ggt and alp activities within the normal ranges. Comparatively, 52% had alp activities within the normal range, and 17% had ggt activities within the normal range.
The serum ggt activity had a better sensitivity, but lower specificity, than did the serum alp activity in the cat for the detection of hepatobiliary disease. In only one group (group 3) did the magnitudes of increased activity (number of times greater than normal) of serum alp commonly exceed that of serum ggt. On the basis of this study, it was recommended that ggt and alp activity are best used in combination for the detection of naturally developing liver disease because the combination gives the best sensitivity and negative predictive value, with no loss of positive predictive value.
Large colon resection and anastomosis in horses
Authors: Bertone Alicia L. , Stashak Ted S. , Sullins Ken E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Large colon resection and anastomosis was performed in 11 horses at various levels of the colon, using several surgical methods. The level of resection ranged from the pelvic flexure to the cecocolic ligament. Nine of 11 horses survived and at follow-up (4 months to 7 years) were free of clinical signs referable to disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Seven horses could be evaluated as to athletic or reproductive function and all returned to original potential.
Hypercalcemia associated with blastomycosis in dogs
Authors: Dow Steven W. , Legendre Alfred Μ. , Stiff Marilyn , Greene Craig 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Hypercalcemia that could not be explained by previously recognized causes was detected in 4 dogs with systemic blastomycosis. A variety of malignancies and certain endocrine, metabolic, and renal disorders may cause hypercalcemia, but to our knowledge, no infectious diseases have been associated with hypercalcemia in dogs. Increased production of calcitriol by mononuclear cells was thought to be the mechanism of hypercalcemia in granulomatous disease.
Superovulation and embryo transfer in the dairy goat
Authors: Kiessling Ann A. , Hughes William H. , Blankevoort Mary R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eighteen mature, purebred (Saanen, Alpine, Nubian, La Mancha) dairy does were estrus-regulated with progesterone-impregnated vaginal pessaries. On treatment days 16 to 18, superovulation of 6 does was attempted with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (pmsg), and of 12 does with follicle stimulating hormone (fsh). Estrus was induced by progesterone withdrawal on days 18 to 20 and the does were mated to bucks of proven fertility. Embryos were recovered from oviduct flushings on the fourth day after mating. The yield of 4- to 12-cell embryos with fsh superovulation was 17(±2), significantly greater (P<0.001) than with pmsg, which was 2(±2). Thirty-six embryos from 3 fsh donor does were transferred to 14 recipients that were estrus-regulated to the donor cycles with the same progesterone pessary regimen. Eleven (78%) of the recipients became pregnant and delivered 21 (70%) kids from 40 embryos, a mean of 7(±2)/donor.