bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F‐Labelled vorozole analogues as PET tracer for aromatase
Authors: Erlandsson Maria , Karimi Farhad , Takahashi Kayo , Långström Bengt 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOne‐ and two‐step syntheses for the 18F‐labelling of 6‐[(S)‐(4‐chlorophenyl)(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)methyl]‐1‐(2‐[18F]fluoroethyl)‐1H‐benzotriazole, [18F]FVOZ, 1 and 6‐[(S)‐(4‐chlorophenyl)(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)methyl]‐1‐[2‐(2‐[18F]fluoroethoxy)ethyl]‐1H‐benzotriazole, [18F]FVOO, 2 were developed. In the two‐step synthesis, the nucleophilic fluorination step was performed by reacting (S)‐6‐[(4‐chlorophenyl)‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)methyl]‐1H‐benzotriazole (VOZ) with either the 18F‐labelled ethane‐1,2‐diyl bis(4‐methylbenzenesulfonate) or the oxydiethane‐2,1‐diyl bis(4‐methylbenzenesulfonate). The radiochemical yields were in the range of 9–13% after the 110–120 min total syntheses and the specific radioactivities were 175±7 GBq/µmol and 56 GBq/µmol for compounds 1 and 2, respectively. In the one‐step synthesis, the precursor 2‐{6‐[(4‐chlorophenyl)(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)methyl]‐1H‐1,2,3‐benzotriazol‐1‐yl}ethyl 4‐methylbenzenesulfonate (7) or 1‐[2‐(2‐bromoethoxy)ethyl]‐6‐[(4‐chlorophenyl)(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)methyl]‐1H‐benzotriazole (8) was directly labelled via an 18F nucleophilic substitution to give the corresponding tracer. The labelled compounds were obtained in 36–99% radiochemical yield after 75‐min syntheses. The specific radioactivities are 100 GBq/µmol for compound 1 and 80 GBq/µmol for compound 2. In vitro autoradiography using frozen rat brains illustrated specific binding in the medial amygdala, the bed nucleus of stria terminalis and the preoptic area, all of which corresponded well to the result of 11C‐labelled vorozole. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated synthesis of 11C‐β‐hydroxybutyrate by enzymatic conversion of 11C‐acetoacetate using β‐hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
Authors: Tremblay Sébastien , Ouellet René , Bénard François , Cunnane Stephen C. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract1‐[11C]‐β‐hydroxybutyrate was produced by conversion from 1‐[11C]‐acetoacetate using (D)‐β‐hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide with purification by ion exchange column chromatography. Radiochemical yield at the end of the synthesis was 10% for a total synthesis time of 36 min. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis showed ≤4% impurities, principally unconverted acetoacetate. Residual tetrahydrofuran (34±11 ppm) and ethanol (77±30 ppm) were well under the tolerable limits for human studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ion chemistry in germane/fluorocompounds gaseous mixtures: a mass spectrometric and theoretical study
Authors: Antoniotti Paola , Rabezzana Roberto , Turco Francesca , Borocci Stefano , Giordani Maria , Grandinetti Felice 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe ion–molecule reactions occurring in GeH4/NF3, GeH4/SF6, and GeH4/SiF4 gaseous mixtures have been investigated by ion trap mass spectrometry and ab initio calculations. While the NFx+ (x = 1–3) react with GeH4 mainly by the exothermic charge transfer, the open‐shell Ge+ and GeH2+ undergo the efficient F‐atom abstraction from NF3 and form GeF+ and FGeH2+ as the only ionic products. The mechanisms of these two processes are quite similar and involve the formation of the fluorine‐coordinated complexes GeFNF2+ and H2GeFNF2+, their subsequent crossing to the significantly more stable isomers FGeNF2+ and FGeH2NF2+, and the eventual dissociation of these ions into GeF+ (or FGeH2+) and NF2. The closed‐shell GeH+ and GeH3+ are instead much less reactive towards NF3, and the only observed process is the less efficient formation of GeF+ from GeH+. The theoretical investigation of this unusual H/F exchange reaction suggests the involvement of vibrationally‐hot GeH+. Passing from NF3 to SF6 and SiF4, the average strength of the MF bond increases from 70 to 79 and 142 kcal mol−1, and in fact the only process observed by reacting GeHn+ (n = 0–3) with SF6 and SiF4 is the little efficient F‐atom abstraction from SF6 by Ge+. Irrespective of the experimental conditions, we did not observe any ionic product of GeN, GeS, or GeSi connectivity. This is in line with the previously observed exclusive formation of GeF+ from the reaction between Ge+ and CF compounds such as CH3F. Additionally observed processes include in particular the conceivable formation of the elusive thiohypofluorous acid FSH from the reaction between SF+ and GeH4. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drainage and water clusters in Gillette foam
Authors: Bandyopadhyay P. , Ojha A. K. , Barik T. K. , Roy A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRaman measurements on Gillette foam have been carried out to analyze different phases of water in the system. We have shown that in addition to free water molecules, which drain out with aging of foam, water clusters of only a few water molecules are also present in foam. We have analyzed the rate of drainage with the existing theory available in the literature. The nature of water clusters in Gillette foam has also been obtained from ab initio self‐consistent field calculations for [H2O]n clusters. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering from gold‐coated germanium oxide nanowires
Authors: Khan Muhammad A. , Hogan Timothy P. , Shanker B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe utilized bulk‐synthesized nanowires (NWs) of germanium dioxide as nanoscale structures that can be coated with noble metals to allow the excitation of surface plasmons over a broad frequency range. The NWs were synthesized on substrates of silicon using gold‐catalyst‐assisted vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth mechanism in a simple quartz tube furnace setup. The resulting NWs have diameters of ∼100–200 nm, with lengths averaging ∼10–40 µm and randomly distributed on the substrate. The NWs are subsequently coated with thin films of gold, which provide a surface‐plasmon‐active surface. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) studies with near‐infrared (NIR) excitation at 785 nm show significant enhancement (average enhancement > 106) with good uniformity to detect submonolayer concentrations of 4‐methylbenzenethiol (4‐MBT), trans‐1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene (BPE), and 1,2‐benzendithiol (1,2‐BDT) probe molecules. We also observed an intense, broad continuum in the Raman spectrum of NWs after metal coating, which tended to diminish with the analyte monolayer formation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature‐dependent Raman scattering studies of Na2MoO4
Authors: Saraiva G. D. , Paraguassu W. , Maczka M. , Freire P. T. C. , Lima J. A. , Paschoal C. W. A. , Mendes Filho J. , Souza Filho A. G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe mode assignment of the cubic phase of anhydrous Na2MoO4 was carried out on the basis of lattice dynamic calculation using the classical rigid‐ion model. Temperature‐dependent studies indicate that this crystal remains in the cubic structure in the 15–773 K range and undergoes a phase transition at around 783 K. The behavior of the Raman modes indicates that this transition is strongly first‐order in nature and the phase above 773 K may have an orthorhombic symmetry. This transition is connected with tilting and/or rotations of the MoO4 tetrahedra, which lead to a disorder at the MoO4 sites. Our results give also evidence that the MoO bond lengths decrease in the high‐temperature phase. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of fermented papaya preparation on dermal and intestinal mucosal immunity and allergic inflammations
Authors: Hiramoto Keiichi , Imao Mitsuko , Sato Eisuke F , Inoue Masayasu , Mori Akitane 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Fermented papaya preparation (FPP) from yeast fermentation of Carica papaya Linn is a natural health food that is commercially sold in Japan. A previous study revealed that FPP has antioxidant activity. However, the effect of FPP on allergic diseases remains unclear. The aim of the present work was to examine whether the oral administration of FPP to mice restrained two types of contact hypersensitivity models, FITC (Th2 type) induced ear and colon oedema, and oxazolone (Th1 type) induced ear and colon oedema.RESULTS: The sensitisation of FITC or oxazolone increased the plasma levels of IL‐10, IFN‐γ, and TNF‐α. Histological examinations revealed a marked increase of IgA, dendritic cells and inflammatory cells in the colon. When the animals were given FPP before sensitisation by FITC or oxazolone, all the events induced by either FITC or oxazolone decreased markedly.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the oral administration of the FPP may have a therapeutic potential for the prevention of contact hypersensitive immuno‐response. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of water distillate and its dichloromethane extract from licorice root (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) and chemical composition of dichloromethane extract
Authors: Tanaka Aki , Horiuchi Masahiro , Umano Katsummi , Shibamoto Takayuki 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Licorice root is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs and its medicinal properties, such as antibacterial, anti‐ulcer, anti‐tumorigenic and anti‐atherosclerotic activities, have been widely reported. However, there are only a few reports on basic chemical and biological studies of the water distilled components of licorice root.RESULTS:Chinese licorice root was water distilled and the distillate was subsequently extracted with dichloromethane. Residual aqueous solution from the extraction was fractionated using column chromatography. A total of 127 chemicals were identified in the dichloromethane extract, which inhibited hexanal oxidation by over 90% for 45 days at the level of 50 µg mL−1. A fraction eluted from the residual aqueous solution with acetone exhibited potent antioxidant activities both in a thiobarbituric acid assay and in a malonaldehyde/gas chromatography assay. The acetone fraction also exhibited strong anti‐inflammatory activity (77.9% inhibition at the level of 62 µg mL−1) in a lipoxygenenase inhibitor screening anti‐inflammatory assay.CONCLUSION:This study demonstrated the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of the water distillate obtained from Chinese licorice root. Some volatile chemicals among the many components identified in the water distillate exhibited antioxidant activity, suggesting that many medicinal compounds escape with water vapor into the ambient air during the preparation of herbal medicine. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Branched and Functionalized Polybutadienes by a Facile Two‐Step Synthesis
Authors: Wurm Frederik , López‐Villanueva Francisco‐J. , Frey Holger 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAnionic polymerization was used to prepare silane‐endfunctionalized polybutadiene macromonomers with different molecular weights ranging from 9 000 to 34 000 g · mol−1. These were polymerized by a hydrosilylation reaction in bulk to obtain branched polymers, using Karstedt's catalyst. Surprisingly, the addition of monofunctional silanes during the polymerization showed only a minimal effect concerning the degree of polymerization. Furthermore, it was possible to introduce a variety of functional silanes without increasing the overall number of reaction steps by a convenient AB2 + A type “pseudocopolymerization” method. All branched polymers were analyzed by SEC, SEC‐MALLS, SEC‐viscosimetry. 1H NMR spectroscopy, and DSC concerning their branching ratio. The branching parameters for the branched polymers exhibited similar characteristics as for hyperbranched polymers obtained from conventional AB2 monomers. Detailed kinetic studies showed that the polymerization occurred very rapidly in comparison to the hydrosilylation polymerization of classical AB2 type carbosilane monomers.magnified image
Formation Mechanism of Polyaniline Nanotubes by a Simplified Template‐Free Method
Authors: Ding Hangjun , Shen Jiaoyan , Wan Meixiang , Chen Zhaojia 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPANI nanotubes with diameters of 100–150 nm with conductivities of single nanotubes as high as 30.6 S · cm−1 were directly oxidized with APS in the absence of hard templates and acidic dopants. The high conductivity was shown to result from protons produced during the polymerization. The pH decreases with increasing polymerization time, and the morphology changes from hollow spheres to short and long tubes. It is proposed that the micelles formed by the aniline monomer in aqueous solution serve as a soft template for forming hollow spheres at the initial stage. As the polymerization proceeds, these hollow spheres are linearly aggregated and elongated to form short and long tubes.magnified image
Methacrylic Polymers Containing Optically Active Side‐Chain Carbazole: Synthesis, Characterization and Photoconductive Properties
Authors: Angiolini Luigi , Benelli Tiziana , Giorgini Loris , Golemme Attilio , Mauriello Francesco , Salatelli Elisabetta , Termine Roberto 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTwo novel optically active polymethacrylates bearing in the side chain a cyclic chiral group of one prevailing absolute configuration linked to the carbazole chromophore, deriving from the related monomers (S)‐(−)‐3‐methacryloyloxy‐N‐[3‐(9‐ethylcarbazolyl)]pyrrolidine [(S)‐(−)‐MECP] and (S)‐(+)‐2‐methacryloyloxy‐N‐[3‐(9‐ethylcarbazolyl)]succinimide [(S)‐(+)‐MECSI], have been prepared and characterized with the aim to obtain materials suitable to photoconductive applications. Poly[(S)‐(−)‐MECP] and poly[(S)‐(+)‐MECSI] exhibit remarkable thermal stability, with glass transition temperature around 200 °C and decomposition temperatures in the range 330–350 °C. Spectroscopic, thermal and chiroptical characterizations indicate the occurrence of dipolar interactions among the side chain moieties and the presence of chiral conformation at least for chain segments of the macromolecules. The photoconductive properties are discussed in terms of extent of conjugation in the side chain based on the electron‐acceptor or electron‐donator properties of the optically active ring linked to the carbazole group.magnified image
Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrene‐Centered Starburst Oligofluorenes
Authors: Liu Feng , Lai Wen‐Yong , Tang Chao , Wu Hong‐Bin , Chen Qing‐Quan , Peng Bo , Wei Wei , Huang Wei , Cao Yong 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA series of starburst materials (T1–T3) based on a pyrene core with four oligofluorene arms of different length have been synthesized and characterized. The starburst materials show good film forming ability and sky blue fluorescence. Electroluminescent devices take on a stable blue emission and the device performance increases with an increase in arm length. The single‐layered device made of T3 has a maximum brightness of over 2 700 cd · m−2 and a maximum current efficiency of 1.75 cd · A−1, which is among the best in starburst material devices. The morphology of T1–T3 has been studied by atomic force microscopy. The starburst oligofluorenes with different arm lengths show a distinctive texture, which indicates the size dependent morphology of the starburst materials.magnified image
Kinetics of the Anionic Polymerization of 1,3‐Butadiene Using an Initiator Composed of Alkyl Aluminium, n‐Butyllithium and Barium Alkoxide to Produce High trans‐1,4‐Polybutadiene
Authors: Tapia Juan J. Benvenuta , López José A. Tenorio , Nájera Rafael Herrera 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA kinetic model that considers three geometric active sites—cis, trans and vinyl—was proposed to the study polymerization reaction of high 1,4‐trans‐polybutadiene (TPBD) prepared by means of anionic living polymerization using an initiator composed of alkyl aluminium, n‐butyllithium and barium alkoxide. The conversion and dyad sequence distribution was correctly predicted; the kinetic results indicated that the microstructure and sequence distribution do not change with the conversion and temperature within the range of temperature investigated (40–80 °C). In addition, it was observed that the addition mechanism of butadiene to the active sites is entropic.magnified image
Treatment of uncomplicated vaso‐occlusive crises in children with sickle cell disease in a day hospital
Authors: Raphael Jean L. , Kamdar Aditi , Beavers M. Brooke , Mahoney Donald H. , Mueller Brigitta U. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackgroundDay hospital management for patients with sickle cell disease experiencing uncomplicated vaso‐occlusive pain crises has been described in adult populations as an alternative care delivery system. The objective of this study was to characterize and descriptively assess the benefits of a day hospital exclusively designed for children.ProcedureWe retrospectively studied all admissions to the Day Hospital at the Texas Children's Sickle Cell Center since its inception in 2000. A Day Hospital admission was defined as a minimum of two consecutive days of aggressive pain management as an outpatient, including intravenous hydration and analgesics, supported by home treatment over night with oral analgesic and anti‐inflammatory agents. We gathered data on demographics, incoming pain score, provider type, opioid administration, length of stay, and needs for higher level care.ResultsA total of 35 patients, ages 2–19, accounted for 80 episodes during the study period. The median incoming pain score was 8 on a scale from 1 to 10. The median length of stay was 2 days. The return rate for acute care within 48 hr for persistent symptoms was 7%. Seventy‐one percent of patients admitted to the Day Hospital were treated without requiring transfer to inpatient care for escalating pain or medical needs.ConclusionsWe conclude that a dedicated Day Hospital facility has the potential to provide patient‐centered, effective, and timely management of vaso‐occlusive crises in children as well as adults. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:82–85. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pathologic, radiographic and molecular findings in three fetuses diagnosed with HEM/Greenberg skeletal dysplasia
Authors: Konstantinidou Anastasia , Karadimas Charalampos , Waterham Hans R. , Superti‐Furga Andrea , Kaminopetros Petros , Grigoriadou Maria , Kokotas Haris , Agrogiannis George , Giannoulia‐Karantana Aglaia , Patsouris Efstratios , Petersen Michael B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackgroundGreenberg skeletal dysplasia is a very rare, autosomal recessive, in utero, lethal chondrodystrophy for which only eight index cases of diverse ethnic origin have been reported so far. The defect is associated with a defect in cholesterol biosynthesis and due to mutations in the gene encoding the lamin B receptor (LBR).MethodsA familial case of three fetuses of a consanguineous Greek couple is presented including prenatal, physical, radiographic, histopathologic, and molecular genetic findings.ResultsThe tentative diagnosis of Greenberg skeletal dysplasia based on pathological findings was confirmed by the identification of a homozygous, N547D amino acid substitution in the LBR gene in the third affected fetus.ConclusionThe present case represents the ninth described case of Greenberg dysplasia and the second case of Greek origin. The characteristic ‘moth‐eaten’ radiographic appearance is already seen at 13 weeks' gestational age. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preliminary results of fetal Rhc examination in plasma of pregnant women with anti‐c
Authors: Orzińska A. , Guz K. , Brojer E. , Żupańska B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjectivesAnti‐Rhc antibodies may be the reason for the hemolytic disease of the newborn, therefore, noninvasive Rhc determination is important for pregnancy monitoring. For this purpose, we decided to introduce real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.MethodsBlood from 200 donors, plasma and whole‐blood from 11 Rhc‐negative mothers, as well as blood from fathers and newborns were examined. Rhc sensitivity and specificity were first determined by real‐time PCR using genomic DNA from donors. The same Rhc genotyping method was used for fetal Rhc detection in maternal plasma. To confirm the fetal Rhc‐negative result, plasma was tested with a panel of biallelic insertion/deletion polymorphisms for the presence of fetal DNA.ResultsThe c allele assay showed full specificity. The mean Ct value for one copy of c allele diluted in C‐negative DNA was determined from extrapolating the correlation curve as 39.9. Full concordance was observed between the fetal Rhc genotypes from maternal plasma and the newborn phenotypes.ConclusionsPreliminary results show that it is possible to examine fetal c allele of RHCE gene in the plasma of pregnant women with anti‐c by means of a noninvasive method. The diagnostic accuracy of the procedure, however, has yet to be confirmed in a larger group. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐trimester ADAM12s as early markers of trisomy 21: a promise still unfulfilled?
Authors: Spencer Kevin , Cowans Nicholas J. , Uldbjerg Niels , Tørring Niels 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackgroundHere we study the levels of ADAM12s prior to and after 10 weeks of gestation to establish further the effectiveness or otherwise of ADAM12s as an early screening marker.Materials and MethodsSamples collected as part of routine first‐trimester screening were retrieved from storage at − 80 °C. In total, 55 samples from pregnancies with trisomy 21 were identified, 31 collected between the 6th and 9th weeks of gestation and 24 collected after the 10th week. A series of 567 gestational age‐matched samples collected during the same period formed the control group.ResultsThe median, multiples of the median (MoM) ADAM12s, at a median gestation of 10.0 weeks was 0.66, which was significantly lower than in the controls (p = < 0.001) when compared by Mann–Whitney test. The median MoM in those cases (n = 31) collected prior to 10 weeks was 0.618 MoM at a median gestation of 9.1 weeks. In those collected prior to 9 weeks (n = 14) the median was 0.596 at a median gestation of 8.6 weeks.ConclusionsThe data from this study does not support data from a previous study showing ultra‐low levels of ADAM12s in pregnancies affected by trisomy 21 prior to 10 weeks of gestation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Degradation mechanism of poly(ether‐urethane) Estane® induced by high‐energy radiation. II. Oxidation effects
Authors: Dannoux A. , Esnouf S. , Amekraz B. , Dauvois V. , Moulin C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTo predict long‐term polymer behavior during a nuclear waste storage time, radiation effects on a segmented aromatic poly(ether‐urethane) induced by high‐energy radiation under oxygen atmosphere were investigated. To obtain a predictive model of polymer radio‐oxidation during several centuries, the first step consists to elaborate the elementary degradation mechanisms. Thus, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy (FT‐IR), electrospray ionisation‐mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), and gas mass spectrometry were carried out to identify radicals, chemical modifications, and gases to reach the radio‐oxidative mechanism at doses inferior than 1000 kGy. Degradation mainly occurs at urethane bonds and in polyether soft segments that produces stable oxidative products as formates, alcohols, carboxylic acids and H2, CO2 and CO gases. Predominant degradation occurred at polyether soft segments and crosslinking is in competition with scission. On the basis of the results, a mechanism of degradation for aromatic poly(ether‐urethane) is proposed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 861–878, 2008