bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing local ecological knowledge with camera trap data to study mammal occurrence in anthropogenic landscapes of the Garden Route Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Bernard Alice , Guerbois Chloé , Venter Jan A. , Fritz Hervé 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAccurate information on wildlife occurrence in anthropogenic landscapes is essential to develop effective conservation measures. Monitoring multiple mammal species in heterogeneous landscapes can be challenging because of the diversity of land‐uses and species behaviors. Therefore, different monitoring methods are better adapted to different contexts. We compared data obtained from camera traps with data gathered through an online survey to document the presence of mammal species in mosaic landscapes of the Garden Route Biosphere Reserve in South Africa. The survey detected the same 15 species as the camera traps as well as the additional common duiker. Both methods effectively detected most large mammal species, whereas results were less consistent for smaller species and carnivores. Combining the two methods enabled us to produce more robust estimates of species absence and confirm species presence reported by survey respondents. In less disturbed areas, respondents with good ecological knowledge were effective at monitoring mammal species, while extending the spatial coverage of the study. Bearing in mind the limitations of each method, camera traps and an online survey could complement each other if combined. Together, they can provide a more comprehensive understanding of mammal communities in anthropogenic landscapes, increasing both spatial coverage and the number of species sightings.
Associations between traumatic dental injuries due to violence and various drinking behaviors in Korea: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Son Ji‐Young , Lim Jaehyung , Han Dong‐Hun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimVarious patterns of alcohol consumption are associated with trauma and violence. The aim of this study was to assess the association between traumatic dental injuries (TDI) due to violence and different patterns of alcohol consumption in Korean adults.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with representative sample of Korean adults. Among the total participants, 11.8% (6489/58,999) experienced TDI, and 0.9% (520/58,999) experienced TDI due to violence. The associations between various types of alcohol consumption (frequency of drinking, frequency of binge drinking, age of first drinking) and TDI due to violence were assessed using logistic regression analyses. We confirmed differences in the prevalence experience of TDI due to violence with various types of alcohol consumption by confounders (socioeconomic status).ResultsAll types of drinking (frequency of drinking, frequency of binge drinking, age of first drinking) were strongly associated with TDI due to violence. After adjusting for confounders, those who started drinking at the age of 18 or younger and drank 4 or more days a week (OR: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.68–4.88), those who started drinking at the age of 18 or younger and drank 3 days or less a week (OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.40–4.02), and those who started drinking at the age of 18 or younger and binge drinking at least once a week (OR: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.79–5.65) had higher prevalence of TDI due to violence compared to those with no alcohol drinking.ConclusionsThis study presents evidence of an association between various types of alcohol consumption and TDI due to violence in Korean adults. These findings suggest the necessity for policies aimed at reducing alcohol consumption, frequency of drinking, and access to drinking especially in adolescent to reduce the prevalence experience of TDI due to violence.
Choice overload interferes with early processing and necessitates late compensation: Evidence from electroencephalogram
Authors: Hu Xinye , Meng Zong , He Qinghua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHaving a multitude of choices can be advantageous, yet an abundance of options can be detrimental to the decision‐making process. Based on existing research, the present study combined electroencephalogram and self‐reported methodologies to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of choice overload. Behavioural data suggested that an increase in the number of options led to negative evaluations and avoidance of choice tendencies, even in the absence of time pressure. Event‐related potential results indicated that the large choice set interfered with the early visual process, as evidenced by the small P1 amplitude, and failed to attract more attentional resources in the early stage, as evidenced by the small amplitude of P2 and N2. However, the LPC amplitude was increased in the late stage, suggesting greater investment of attentional resources and higher emotional arousal. Multivariate pattern analysis revealed that the difference between small and large choice set began at around 120 ms, and the early and late stages were characterised by opposite activation patterns. This suggested that too many options interfered with early processing and necessitate continued processing at a later stage. In summary, both behavioural and event‐related potential (ERP) results confirm the choice overload effect, and it was observed that individuals tend to subjectively exaggerate the choice overload effect.
Predicting functional impairments with lesion‐derived disconnectome mapping: Validation in stroke patients with motor deficits
Authors: Khalilian Maedeh , Roussel Martine , Godefroy Olivier , Aarabi Ardalan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFocal structural damage to white matter tracts can result in functional deficits in stroke patients. Traditional voxel‐based lesion‐symptom mapping is commonly used to localize brain structures linked to neurological deficits. Emerging evidence suggests that the impact of structural focal damage may extend beyond immediate lesion sites. In this study, we present a disconnectome mapping approach based on support vector regression (SVR) to identify brain structures and white matter pathways associated with functional deficits in stroke patients. For clinical validation, we utilized imaging data from 340 stroke patients exhibiting motor deficits. A disconnectome map was initially derived from lesions for each patient. Bootstrap sampling was then employed to balance the sample size between a minority group of patients exhibiting right or left motor deficits and those without deficits. Subsequently, SVR analysis was used to identify voxels associated with motor deficits (p < .005). Our disconnectome‐based analysis significantly outperformed alternative lesion‐symptom approaches in identifying major white matter pathways within the corticospinal tracts associated with upper–lower limb motor deficits. Bootstrapping significantly increased the sensitivity (80%–87%) for identifying patients with motor deficits, with a minimum lesion size of 32 and 235 mm3 for the right and left motor deficit, respectively. Overall, the lesion‐based methods achieved lower sensitivities compared with those based on disconnection maps. The primary contribution of our approach lies in introducing a bootstrapped disconnectome‐based mapping approach to identify lesion‐derived white matter disconnections associated with functional deficits, particularly efficient in handling imbalanced data.
Functional redundancy of weed seed predation is reduced by intensified agriculture
Authors: Daouti Eirini , Neidel Veronika , Carbonne Benjamin , Vašková Hana , Traugott Michael , Wallinger Corinna , Bommarco Riccardo , Feit Benjamin , Bohan David A. , Saska Pavel , Skuhrovec Jiří , Vasconcelos Sasha , Petit Sandrine , van der Werf Wopke , Jonsson Mattias 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntensified agriculture, a driver of biodiversity loss, can diminish ecosystem functions and their stability. Biodiversity can increase functional redundancy and is expected to stabilize ecosystem functions. Few studies, however, have explored how agricultural intensity affects functional redundancy and its link with ecosystem function stability. Here, within a continental‐wide study, we assess how functional redundancy of seed predation is affected by agricultural intensity and landscape simplification. By combining carabid abundances with molecular gut content data, functional redundancy of seed predation was quantified for 65 weed genera across 60 fields in four European countries. Across weed genera, functional redundancy was reduced with high field management intensity and simplified crop rotations. Moreover, functional redundancy increased the spatial stability of weed seed predation at the field scale. We found that ecosystem functions are vulnerable to disturbances in intensively managed agroecosystems, providing empirical evidence of the importance of biodiversity for stable ecosystem functions across space.
Machine learning approaches for neurological disease prediction: A systematic review
Authors: Fatima Ana , Masood Sarfaraz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this article, we present a systematic and exhaustive review regarding the trends, datasets employed, as well as findings achieved in the last 11 years in neurological disorder prediction using machine learning models. In this work we present a comparison between the biomarkers used in ML field with the biomarkers that are obtained through other non‐ml‐based research fields. This will help in identifying the potential research gaps for ML domain. As the study of neurological disorders is a far‐reaching task due to the wide variety of diseases, hence the scope of this study is restricted to the three most prevalent neurological diseases, that is, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). From our analysis, it has been found that over time deep learning techniques especially Convolutional Neural Networks have proved to be beneficial for the disease prediction task. For this reason, Magnetic Resonance Imaging have been a popular modality across all three considered diseases. It is also notable that the employment of a transfer learning approach and maintenance of a global data centre helps in dealing with data scarcity problems for model training. The manuscript also discusses the potential challenges and future scope in this field. To the best of our knowledge, unlike other studies, this work attempts to put forth a conclusion of every article discussed highlighting the salient aspects of the major studies for a particular problem.
Unresolved hemostasis issues in haemophilia
Authors: Sidonio Robert F. , Weisel John W. , Stafford Darrel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite rapid technological advancement in factor and nonfactor products in the prevention and treatment of bleeding in haemophilia patients, it is imperative that we acknowledge gaps in our understanding of how hemostasis is achieved. The authors will briefly review three unresolved issues in persons with haemophilia (PwH) focusing on the forgotten function that red blood cells play in hemostasis, the critical role of extravascular (outside circulation) FIX in hemostasis in the context of unmodified and extended half‐life FIX products and finally on the role that skeletal muscle myosin plays in prothrombinase assembly and subsequent thrombin generation that could mitigate breakthrough muscle hematomas.
Validity and reliability test of the Indonesian version of the PedHALshort questionnaire
Authors: Chozie Novie Amelia , Ayu Dewi Rosariah , Medise Bernie Endyarni , Marsubrin Putri Maharani Tristanita , Sari Teny Tjitra , Yuniar Irene , Wahyuni Luh Karunia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe PedHAL questionnaire is employed in measuring the activities of haemophilia children. The PedHALshort was developed in 2022 to determine the most relevant item for the assessment. Haemo‐QoL questionnaire assesses the quality of life of haemophilia children.AimDetermine the validity and reliability of the PedHALshort Indonesia language version compared to the Haemo‐QoL in the Indonesian population.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia. The subjects were children (4‐16 years old) with moderate or severe haemophilia A or B with repeated joint bleeding. The daily activity was assessed using the PedHALshorts and Haemo‐QoL. The validity and reliability were tested. The validity was determined with Pearson correlation test, construct validity was assessed using convergent and discriminant validity. The Spearman correlation was used to determine which domains of Haemo‐QoL correlated with PedHALshort. The reliability was analyzed using test‐retest reliability. Cronbach's α was used to determined internal consistency.ResultsFifty children were included in the study (78% haemophilia A, 70% severe group). All domains were valid (r > .284). The convergent validity test showed PedHALshort had a moderate negative correlation with physical health and sports school domain of Haemo‐QoL (r = ‐.479, p < .001). The discriminant validity test showed the PedHALshort demonstrated a moderate negative correlation with physical health (r = ‐.585), view (r = ‐.590), sport school domain (r = ‐.430) in severe haemophilia subjects. The internal consistency of the PedHALshort questionnaire was high (Cronbach's α of .85 (.74–.92)).ConclusionThe PedHALshort is valid and reliable, hence, it can be used to measure the functional physical activity of children with haemophilia.
Haemophilic arthropathy: Diagnosis, management, and aging patient considerations
Authors: Bakeer Nihal , Saied Walid , Gavrilovski Antonio , Bailey Cindy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGene therapy and universal use of safer, more effective, and personalised prophylactic regimens (factor, and nonfactor) are expected to prevent joint bleeding and promote joint health in persons with haemophilia (PwH). Growing evidence suggests that subclinical bleeding, with active and inactive synovial proliferation, continues and haemophilic arthropathy remains a major morbidity in PwH despite early institution of joint prophylaxis. Joint health assessment is evolving with physical examination scores complementing imaging scores. Point‐of‐care ultrasound is emerging as a safe, cost‐effective, and readily available tool for acute determination of musculoskeletal abnormalities, serial evaluation of joints for sonographic markers of haemophilic arthropathy, and in providing objective insight into the efficacy of new therapies. In acute haemarthrosis, arthrocentesis expedites recovery and prevent the vicious cycle of bleed‐synovitis‐rebleed. When synovial proliferation develops, a multidisciplinary team approach is critical with haematology, orthopaedics, and physiotherapy involvement. Synovectomy is considered for patients with chronic synovitis that fail conservative management. Non‐surgical and minimally invasive procedures should always be offered and considered first. Careful patient selection, screening and early intervention increase the success of these interventions in reducing bleeding, pain, and improving joint function and quality of life. Chemical synovectomy is practical in developing countries, but radioactive synovectomy appears to be more effective. When surgical synovectomy is considered, arthroscopic/minimally invasive approach should be attempted first. In advanced haemophilic arthropathy, joint replacement and arthrodesis can be considered. While excited about the future of haemophilia management, navigating musculoskeletal challenges in the aging haemophilia population is equally important.
Design and implementation of popular quality analysis system for dry red wines originating from Northwest China
Authors: Bai Xuebing , Dai Binxiu , Liu Xiuhai , Yang Hecai , Wu Yun , Li Yunkui , Tao Yongsheng 
Published: April 2024

SummaryChinese wine, especially those from the Northwest region, has received worldwide attention and consumer recognition. However, mislabelling the year and origin of wine is a major fraud challenging the wine industry, such as the deception on year or origin. Inspired by the Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (A.O.C) system, a feasible wine popular quality analysis system (WPQAS) has been established to supervise the selling. First, an investigation for all potential users was carried out to analyse their requirements for WPQAS. Then, the system framework was designed with the Browser/Server (B/S) 3‐tier architecture, including the data layer for saving data, the business logic layer for running the models, and the presentation layer for interacting with users. Meanwhile, a unified modelling language (UML) sequence diagram was used to monitor the dynamic behaviour of the WPQAS. The core for driving system operation was generated based on a series of machine learning algorithms, including K‐nearest neighbour (KNN) for detecting outlines, random forest (RF) for weighting the chemical indexes, and artificial neural network (ANN) for training the models. Finally, the WPQAS, implemented as a software, was applied to estimate the popular quality of 600 dry red wines from Northwest China. The mode of decoupling models from the system could ensure WPQAS simplicity and scalability, and make the models reusable. Thus, the present work proposes a lightweight system that can be easily popularised and applied in diverse scenarios, and would play a significant positive impact on the correct meeting the challenges associated with counterfeit wine.
Glycaemic outcomes in hospital with IDegAsp versus BIAsp30 premixed insulins
Authors: Walt Joshua R. , Loughran Julie , Fourlanos Spiros , Barmanray Rahul D. , Zhu Jasmine , Varadarajan Suresh , Kyi Mervyn 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsIDegAsp (Ryzodeg 70/30), a unique premixed formulation of long‐acting insulin degludec and rapid‐acting insulin aspart, is increasing in use. Management of IDegAsp during hospitalisation is challenging because of degludec's ultra‐long duration of action. We investigated inpatient glycaemia in patients treated with IDegAsp compared to biphasic insulin aspart (BIAsp30; Novomix30).MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational study at two hospitals assessing inpatients with type 2 diabetes treated with IDegAsp or BIAsp30 prior to and during hospital admission. Standard inpatient glycaemic outcomes were analysed based on capillary blood glucose (BG) measurements.ResultsWe assessed 88 individuals treated with IDegAsp and 88 HbA1c‐matched individuals treated with BIAsp30. Patient characteristics, including insulin dose at admission, were well matched, but the IDegAsp group had less frequent twice‐daily insulin dosing than the BIAsp30 group (49% vs 87%, P < 0.001). Patient‐days with BG <4 mmol/L were not different (10.6% vs 9.9%, P = 0.7); however, the IDegAsp group had a higher patient‐day mean BG (10.4 (SD 3.4) vs 10.0 (3.4) mmol/L, P < 0.001), and more patient‐days with mean BG >10 mmol/L (48% vs 38%, P < 0.001) compared to the BIAsp30 group. Glucose was higher in the IDegAsp group in the evening (4 PM to midnight) (11.6 (SD 4.0) vs 10.9 (4.6) mmol/L, P = 0.004), but not different at other times during the day.ConclusionsInpatients treated with IDegAsp compared to BIAsp30 had similar hypoglycaemia incidence, but higher hyperglycaemia incidence, potentially related to less frequent twice‐daily dosing. With the increasing use of IDegAsp in the community, development of hospital management guidelines for this insulin formulation is needed.
Comprehensive analysis of risk factors for postoperative wound infection following radical mastectomy in breast cancer patients
Authors: Hu Yujie , Mao Zhongbo , Xu Ying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSurgical site infections (SSIs) following radical mastectomy in breast cancer patients can significantly affect patient recovery and healthcare resources. Identifying and understanding the risk factors for postoperative wound infections (PWIs) are crucial for improving surgical outcomes. This retrospective study was conducted from June 2020 to June 2023, including 23 breast cancer patients who developed PWIs post‐radical mastectomy and a control group of 46 patients without such infections. Comprehensive patient data, including variables such as intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay duration, body mass index (BMI), operation time, anaemia, drainage time, diabetes mellitus, cancer stage, white blood cell (WBC) count, serum albumin levels and preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy, were meticulously gathered. Statistical analyses, including univariate and multivariate logistic regression, were performed using SPSS software (Version 27.0). The univariate analysis identified several factors significantly associated with an increased risk of PWIs, including preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy, low serum albumin levels, advanced cancer stage, diabetes mellitus and reduced WBC count. Multivariate logistic regression highlighted anaemia, prolonged drainage time, diabetes mellitus, advanced cancer stage, reduced WBC count, hypoalbuminemia and preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy as significant contributors to the increased risk of PWIs. Anaemia, extended drainage time, diabetes mellitus, advanced cancer stage, low WBC count, hypoalbuminemia and preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy are key risk factors for SSIs post‐radical mastectomy. Early identification and proactive management of these factors are imperative to reduce the incidence of postoperative infections and enhance recovery outcomes in breast cancer patients.
Surface ionic coordination of Al2O3–CaO–based molten slag induced by structural relaxation
Authors: Suzuki Masanori , Asano Yusuke , Ishii Yoshiki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe surface tensions of molten oxides depend strongly on the structural relaxation of the surface region. The mechanism of surface structural relaxation for molten oxide slags is complex. The surface tension of calcium aluminate slag is minimal at an intermediate composition, although the critical reason has not been identified. Here, two novel approaches were used to evaluate the features of surface ionic structures in the molten state for the range of 25–50 mol% Al2O3: (1) X‐ray absorption analysis of oxygen and cationic elements in glass samples after surface relaxation treatment, and (2) molecular dynamics simulations, based on a polarizable‐ion model, of the ionic distribution in a molten slag with vacuum/melt interfaces. The results indicate that bridging oxygen (BO) ions are preferred to non‐BOs in the surface region. In calcium aluminate slag, BOs are formed by connecting two AlO4 tetrahedrons with charge compensation of two Al3+ ions with one Ca2+ ion. Additionally, the above approaches were used to qualify the effect on the surface ionic structure of adding 1–20 mol% SiO2 to the calcium aluminate slag. The results indicated that the SiO4 tetrahedrons incorporate the vertex connection with AlO4 tetrahedrons to form BOs in the surface region.
Monodispersed hollow ceramic microspheres fabricated based on preceramic polymers and pulse‐controlled coaxial injection
Authors: Qin Chuhui , Hu Hongli , Zhang Bo‐xing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHollow ceramic microspheres (HCMs) have widespread applications in aerospace and electronic areas owing to their multiple merits such as low density, low thermal conductivity, oxidation, and high‐temperature resistance. In this work, monodispersed HCMs were fabricated based on preceramic polymers and the pulse‐controlled coaxial injection approach. The size and shell morphology of hollow ceramic spheres can be flexibly tailored by adjusting the diameters of coaxial needles, and the composition and flow rates of inner and outer liquids. As‐obtained HCMs were comprised of ultrafine nanocrystals of ZrO2, SiO2, ZrC, and SiC, which can enhance the interfacial polarization effect. Through optimization of microstructure and composition, the electromagnetic shielding performance of HCMs reached up to 45 dB in the frequency range of 12–18 GHz. This work demonstrates a facile and general method for the fabrication of monodispersed HCMs.