bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc and its transporter ZIP10 are involved in invasive behavior of breast cancer cells
Authors: Kagara Naofumi , Tanaka Natsumi , Noguchi Shinzaburo , Hirano Toshio 
Published: March 2007

Zinc is an essential element, necessary for sustaining all life. Zinc deficiency causes taste impairments, immune deficiency, skin problems, and growth and mental retardation. Recent reports suggest that zinc is associated with an increased risk of cancer, although it is still unclear whether zinc or its transporters are involved in cancer progression. Here we show that zinc and its transporter ZIP10 are involved in the invasive behavior of breast cancer cells. The screening of clinical samples for ZIP10 mRNA expression suggested that ZIP10 was significantly associated with the metastasis of breast cancer to the lymph node. In addition, the expression of ZIP10 mRNA was higher in the invasive and metastatic breast cancer cell lines MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐435S than in less metastatic breast cancer cell lines, such as MCF7, T47D, ZR75‐1 and ZR75‐30. In in vitro cell migration assays, the depletion of zinc transporter ZIP10 and intracellular zinc inhibited the migratory activity of MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐435S cells. These results showed that zinc and ZIP10 play an essential role in the migratory activity of highly metastatic breast cancer cells, and suggest ZIP10 as a possible marker for the metastatic phenotype of breast cancer and a promising target of novel treatment strategies. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 692–697)
Self‐poisoning with lamotrigine and pregabalin
Authors: Braga A. J. , Chidley K. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryWe report a case of intentional overdose in a 29‐year‐old male with two of the newer anti‐epileptic agents, lamotrigine and pregabalin. To our knowledge, this case report details the highest plasma levels of lamotrigine ever recorded in the literature. The patient presented with seizures and a reduced level of consciousness. Management of these and subsequent complications centres on supportive care in the high dependency and intensive therapy units.
Inadvertent epidural administration of insulin
Authors: Kal J. E. , Vlassak E. E. W. , Bulder E. R. , Franssen E. J. F. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryA 67‐year‐old female with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus underwent an uncomplicated partial liver resection under combined epidural and general anaesthesia. After surgery, 50 U of insulin were accidentally infused into her epidural space over a period of 5 h in addition to her prescribed intravenous insulin infusion. After recognition of the accidental epidural administration, the patient was closely monitored for any neurological signs or symptoms. Blood glucose levels decreased significantly from 17.4 to 6.8 mmol.l−1 over a period of 7 h. Despite the hazard of potentially neurotoxic preservatives in the insulin preparation, she suffered no neurological sequelae and made an uncomplicated recovery.
Non‐detectable levels of 6‐thioguanine nucleotides and 6‐methylmercaptopurine in a patient treated with azathioprine: a case report
Authors: Wong D. R. , Den Dulk M. O. , Derijks L. J. J. , Gemmeke E. H. K. M. , Hooymans P. M. 
Published: March 2007

Introduction:  Azathioprine (AZA) is a thiopurine prodrug clinically used for immunosuppression in the treatment of auto‐immune inflammatory diseases and in regimens of organ transplantations. The pharmacological action of AZA is based on the formation of 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP), which is metabolised into a variety of active thiopurine‐nucleotide metabolites. We report the case of a 55 year old woman (bodyweight 30 kg) with chronic pancreatitis, weight loss, and progressive elevation of liver transaminases and serum amylase.Case description:  The woman was treated with prednisolone (30 mg 1 dd; tapered 5 mg each week) and AZA (75 mg 1 dd; 5 weeks later 150 mg 1 dd). Despite good patient‐compliance verified during hospital‐stay, none of the active metabolites of AZA, 6‐thioguanine‐nucleotides (6TGN) and 6‐methylmercaptopurine ribonucleotides (6MMPR), were detected in erythrocytes. After two months of treatment clinical improvement was achieved, but no normalisation of laboratory parameters. Subsequently, AZA was switched to 6‐MP 75 mg 1 dd, and allopurinol 100 mg 1 dd was added. After one week the 6TGN level was 616 pmol/ 8 × 108 red blood cells (RBC), the 6MMPR level was 1319 pmol/ 8 × 108 RBC.Two weeks later the 6TGN level was 1163 pmol/ 8 × 108 RBC and the 6MMPR level 10015 pmol/ 8 × 108 RBC.These 6TGN and 6MMPR levels were higher than the upper limits of the therapeutic ranges (500 pmol/ 8 × 108 RBC and 5700 pmol/ 8 × 108 RBC, respectively). Therefore, treatment with 6‐MP was discontinued. A week later the 6TGN and 6MMPR levels decreased to 686 pmol/ 8 × 108 RBC and 4027 pmol/ 8 × 108 RBC, respectively.Genotyping of the enzym thiopurine S‐methyl transferase (TPMT) revealed a wild‐type TPMT (*1/*1) genotype.Discussion:  To our knowledge this is the first report of a patient who was not able to form detectable active thiopurine metabolites on the treatment with AZA.AZA is normally rapidly and almost completely converted to 6‐MP and methylnitroimidazole in the liver. 6‐MP is then further catabolised by xanthine‐oxidase (XO) and TPMT or anabolised by hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT). Remarkably, treatment with 6‐MP in combination with the XO‐inhibitor allopurinol resulted in a myelotoxic 6TGN level in the first week after start of treatment.There are two hypotheses on the mechanism by which this finding could be explained. First, an ‘ultra‐high’ XO activity results in a direct and complete conversion of 6‐MP into 6‐thiouric acid. Secondly, AZA is not converted into 6‐MP. Consequently, there is no formation of active thiopurine nucleotides out of 6‐MP.Also, a combination of these two mechanisms could lead to a decreased formation of active thiopurine metabolites.Conclusion:  Our finding indicates non‐conventional insights in the biotransformation of AZA contributing to an interindividual variation in thiopurine metabolism.
A polypharmacy intervention study on Dutch nursing home residents
Authors: Finkers F. , Maring J. G. , Boersma F. , Taxis K. 
Published: March 2007

Objectives:  This study firstly aimed to identify the percentage of nursing home patients who were prescribed more than nine drugs (polypharmacy) and compared prescribing patterns of this patient group to patients who were prescribed fewer drugs. Secondly, teams of hospital pharmacists and nursing home physicians aimed to identify the drug related problems of the polypharmacy patients and the extent to which it was feasible to optimise their medication profiles.Methods:  Characteristics of the polypharmacy population were illustrated by retrospective point measurements in five Dutch nursing homes (total of 742 beds) over the years 2004, 2005 and 2006. Additionally, 91 polypharmacy patients in those nursing homes were included for a medication review by a hospital pharmacist and a nursing home physician. The appropiateness of each drug was discussed adressing indication, effectiveness and safety, as well as possible undertreatment. Drug related problems were accordingly (sub)categorised. The pharmacist and physician prioritised the problems and jointly preparared a plan who to optimise the medication profile.Six weeks later, the same pharmacist and physician met again and discussed for each patient the list of problems and the alterations in the medication profile.Results:  We found an increase in the percentage polypharmacy patients over the years (14.6%, 2004; 17.5%, 2005; 19.8%, 2006). Drugs from the ATC‐groups ‘alimentary tract and metabolism’, ‘cardiovascular system’ and ‘nervous system’ were prescribed most frequently in the polypharmacy population. The 91 reviewed polypharmacy patients used 1226 drugs. We registered 323 drug related problems (mean of 3.5 problems per patient). A decreased renal function (creatinin clearance < 40 ml/min) was observed in a high number of polypharmacy patients (at least 40%). The majority of drug related problems were in the category ‘indication’. In total, 62% of all drug related problems were subcategorised as ‘unclear or not confirmed indication’. These problems were observed in 87% of the polypharmacy patients.A mean of 1.7 (n=159) problems per patient were solved during the subsequent intervention period and the number of drugs per patients decreased statistically significantly from 13.5 to 12.7 (p < 0.0001).Conclusion:  The percentage of nursing home patients meeting the polypharmacy definition ranged from 14,6% to 19,8% over 2004–2006. The majority of polypharmacy patients had at least one drug prescribed for which the indication was unknown. The intervention was accompanied with a significant decrease in the number of drugs per patient, but half of the drug related problems remained unsolved.
Augmented hyperemia and reduced tissue injury in response to ischemia in subjects with the 34C > T variant of the AMPD1 gene
Authors: Riksen N. P. , Franke B. , Oyen W. J. G. , Van Den Broek P. , Boerman O. C. , Smits P. , Rongen G. A. 
Published: March 2007

Introduction:  In patients with cardiovascular disease the 34C > T variant of the adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD1) gene is associated with improved survival. We hypothesized that this variant results in enhanced intracellular formation of adenosine during ischemia, thereby increasing hyperemia and reducing tissue injury in response to ischemia. As increased intracellular adenosine formation would decrease the transmembranous adenosine concentration gradient, we hypothesized that the potentiating effect of the adenosine transport blocker dipyridamole on reactive hyperemia would be reduced in the subjects with the CT genotype.Methods:  We studied the forearm vasodilator response to ischemia (venous occlusion plethysmography) in 10 healthy subjects with the CT genotype and in 10 CC controls, matched for all relevant parameters of adenosine transport and metabolism. Reactive hyperemia was measured with and without concomitant administration of the adenosine transport blocker dipyridamole into the brachial artery (7.4 nmol/min/dl of forearm tissue).In comparable groups, ischemia‐reperfusion injury was assessed in the thenar muscle by 99mTc‐annexin A5 scintigraphy after intermittent forearm exercise during 10 minutes of ischemia. At reperfusion 99mTc‐annexin A5 was administered intravenously. Targeting of annexin was expressed as percentage difference between experimental and contralateral thenar muscle.Results:  Forearm blood flow (FBF) in response to 2 and 5 minutes of ischemia was higher in the CT genotype group than in controls, whereas maximum vasodilation (induced by 13 minutes of ischemia) did not differ (25.4 ± 2.5, 32.7 ± 2.2, and 38.6 ± 2.6 ml/min/dl in the CT group versus 21.9 ± 2.2, 28.5 ± 2.4, and 41.0 ± 3.3 ml/min/dl in controls, P=0.03).Dipyridamole potentiated reactive hyperemia in both groups, but this effect of dipyridamole was significantly less in the subjects with the CT genotype (P=0.04).At 1 and 4 hours post‐injection, annexin targeting was 5.2 ± 1.8% and 3.5 ± 2.3% in the CT group versus 8.9 ± 3.4% and 9.8 ± 3.9% in the controls (n=7; P=0.03).Conclusions:  The 34C > T variant in the AMPD1 gene augments vasodilation and reduces tissue injury in response to forearm skeletal muscle ischemia. Most probably, this is due to increased intracellular adenosine formation, which decreases cellular uptake of adenosine which is formed in the extracellular compartment. These mechanisms could contribute to the survival benefit of cardiovascular patients with this variant allele.
ON REHYDRATION AND RESPIRATION OF DRY AND PARTIALLY DRIED VEGETABLES
Authors: HAAS G. J. , PRESCOTT H. E. , CANTE C. J. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTSThe effect of drying carrots, string beans and peppers to various degrees upon subsequent rehydration was investigated. Rehydration capability at 23°C was lost gradually as drying progressed. Blanching previous to drying under our experimental conditions did not improve rehydration of string beans. In carrots, improvement was observed only upon prolonged rehydration times. Some surface active agents when used as 2.0% presoaks before drying were beneficial for rehydration. Respiration of vegetable tissues measured by Scholander respirometry is decreased upon partial drying; TTC color formation ceases at dehydration between 24% and 40% of fresh weight with carrots and peppers. Loss in respiration capability as shown by TTC staining ceases rapidly when an 80°C temperature is used for drying; this is to be expected as enzymes are heat sensitive.
AMINO ACID LOSSES IN TURNIP GREENS (Brassica rapa L.) DURING HANDLING AND PROCESSING
Authors: MEREDITH F. I. , GASKINS M. H. , DULL G. G. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTSTurnip green samples were collected at harvesting, unloading dock, post‐washing, post‐blanching, at can filling and of the canned product. Amino acids were determined at each of the sample points with losses being small during the processing steps. Major losses of lysine (50%) isoleucine (51%) occurred in the canned drained solids. If the canning liquid is added back to the solids, losses of 27% lysine and 35% isoleucine result. Egg ratios of the essential amino acids are given with methionine being the limiting amino acid if the solid and canning liquid are considered as part of the food.
STUDIES ON REVERSE OSMOSIS FOR CONCENTRATION OF FRUIT JUICES
Authors: MATSUURA TAKESHI , BAXTER A. G. , SOURIRAJAN S. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTSData are presented for the osmotic pressures of commercially available lime, lemon, prune, carrot and salted and unsalted tomato juices and their concentrates. Similar data are presented for sucrose‐water and glucose‐sucrose (mole ratio 10:1)‐water solutions in the temperature range 7.5–25°C. The effects of the temperature on parameters of process design show that by operation at a lower temperature it is possible to obtain a higher recovery of aroma compounds in the concentrate in the second stage reverse osmosis treatment of fruit juice water obtained from the first stage treatment. This possibility is confirmed by the experimental results at 7.5°C and 25°C.
EFFECT OF GAS ATMOSPHERES ON MICROBIAL QUALITY OF PORK
Authors: HUFFMAN D.L. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTSTen 100 kg pigs were slaughtered, chilled at 2–3°C for 48 hr and divided at random into two equal groups. Strict sanitary procedures were used in removing loins. Loins from five pigs (expt 1) were vacuum packaged (50.8 cm Hg) in barrier bags, aged at 2–4°C for 5 days, cut into 1.27 cm thick chops and five chops were allotted at random to each treatment group from each animal. Experiment 2 loins were cut into 1.27 cm thick chops 2 days post‐slaughter and 5 chops were allotted at random to each treatment group from each animal. Storage treatments used were: 100% air, 100% O2, 100% N2, 100% CO2 and a gas mixture (70% N2, 25% CO2, 5% O2). Chops were individually packaged in saran bags which were evacuated, gas flushed, evacuated, partially filled again with gas and stored at −1.1°C. Bacteria (total count, lactic acid producers and anaerobes) were enumerated 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days post‐slaughter. No significant differences were found in bacterial counts between experiments within any sampling period; therefore, all animals were pooled into one experiment with 10 replications. Aerobic counts illcreased more rapidly and were higher (P < 0.05) for air, O2 and N2 samples at each week than for CO2 and the gas mixture. The gas mixture and CO2 suppressed growth of aerobes throughout storage. Aerobic counts were not suppressed by N2, and there was no significant difference in this count on chops incubated in air, O2 and N2 at any interval. No significant difference was noted in growth of lactic acid producers in the first 2 wk of storage; however, after the third week, counts were higher in CO2 and the gas mixture treatments than in the air, N2 or O2 treatments. The fact that CO2 and the gas mixture inhibited growth is of importance to the fresh meat industry and deserves further research.
PROCESS REQUIREMENTS AND PROPERTIES OF SPRAY‐DRIED SQUID PROTEIN
Authors: LEE C. M. , TOLEDO R. T. , NAKAYAMA T. O. M. , CHICHESTER C. O. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTSThe process requirements and properties of dehydrated squid protein prepared by a water extraction and spray dehydration process were studied. After removal of skin and viscera, a water soluble fraction was obtained by filtering the comminuted slurry which, when diluted and spray dried, was converted into a powder having a very light color. A low yield of 29.4% on the semi‐pilot scale appeared to be due to material loss during washing. In a well designed laboratory study however, yield averaged 74% indicating that loss during washing could be minimized. The product averaged 81% protein, had excellent water solubility and a good oil binding capacity as well as emulsion stability. Animal feeding studies showed that nutritionally the quality of the dehydrated squid protein is comparable with that of casein.
CHARACTERIZATION OF LACTASE IMMOBILIZED ON COLLAGEN: CONVERSION OF WHEY LACTOSE BY SOLUBLE AND IMMOBILIZED LACTASE
Authors: GIACIN J. R. , JAKUBOWSKI J. , LEEDER J. G. , GILBERT S. G. , KLEYN D. H. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTSThe enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose has been studied using β‐galactosidase (Aspergillus niger) immobilized on collagen. The immobilization process employs simple and inexpensive techniques to bind the enzyme to collagen through noncovalent bond formation. The stability and reusability of collagen bound lactase membranes was evaluated in a biocatalytic modular reactor. Little or no loss in reactor activity was observed after storage for a period of 90 days. Following an initial decrease in activity, stable limit activity was maintained over a number of reactor volume replacements. The activity of the fungal lactase in both the soluble and bound states was determined in ultrafiltered acid whey. The catalytic potency of the enzyme, in both states, showed inhibited enzyme activity in acid whey, as compared to aqueous lactose. In the bound state, the enzyme experienced a partial irreversible inhibition.
SWEET CORN AROMA, CHEMICAL COMPONENTS AND RELATIVE IMPORTANCE IN THE OVERALL FLAVOR RESPONSE
Authors: FLORA L. F. , WILEY R. C. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTSDimethyl sulfide (DMS) was the most abundant aroma volatile in cooked sweet corn head‐space, followed by ethanol, acetaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ethanethiol, methanethiol and another unidentified compound unique to processed corn. Based on sensory monitoring of GC column effluents, DMS was determined as the primary factor in cooked corn aroma along with H2S, methanethiol and, to a lesser degree, ethanethiol. Also detected in the effluents, but probably of lesser importance, were acetaldehyde, ethanol, and a “grainy” smelling compound in processed corn. When panelists were asked to score corn of widely varying characteristics for aroma, sweetness, texture and overall flavor, it was found that aroma contributed 15% to the flavor response while sweetness and texture contributed 55% and 30%, respectively.
EFFECTS OF LOW TEMPERATURE STORAGE OF TOMATO FRUITS ON ACID‐SOLUBLE NUCLEOTIDES
Authors: BUESCHER R. W. , DOSTAL H. C. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTSATP and UTP contents of mature, green tomato fruits stored at 1°C increased over a period of about 2 wk and then declined. Transfer of chilled fruits to 20°C accelerated the above noted changes. Marked increases in ADP content and rapid declines in ATP, UTP and UDPG levels occurred when chilled fruits were transferred to 20°C. During normal ripening the adenosine nucleotide concentrations increased while the ATP/ADP, ATP/AMP and “energy charge” ratios steadily declined.
ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION OF ANTHOCYANINS: THE ROLE OF SWEET CHERRY POLYPHENOL OXIDASE
Authors: Pifferi P. G. , Cultrera R. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTSAn enzymatic system capable of degrading cyanidin‐3‐glucoside in the absence of phenols is present in the skin of sweet cherries; contrarily, the pulp homogenate degraded the anthocyanin only in the presence of phenols. The degradation of this pigment as a function of pH was studied for two polyphenol oxidases isolated from the fruit pulp on DEAE‐cellulose with chlorogenic acid, D (+) catechine and pyrocatechol substrates. The decoloration was influenced by the anthocyanin structure at different pH and by the nature of the quinone obtained by enzymatic oxidation. The anhydrobase appeared to be the form of the anthocyanin most susceptible to oxidation. The degradation occurred according to the oxidation kinetics of the phenol substrate and was inhibited by ascorbic acid, indicating that the quinone's degradation of the anthocyanin occurred by a consecutive‐type mechanism.
STATISTICAL ESTIMATION OF 12D FOR RADAPPERTIZED FOODS
Authors: ROSS EDWARD W. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTSThis paper presents a new mathematical analysis of the inoculated pack method for determining the effectiveness of radappertization (radiation‐sterilization) of canned food. A general theory is developed which makes it clear that two interrelated distribution functions, the probability of organism death and the probability of can sterilization, play important parts in the process. A critique is given of the Schmidt‐Nank method for calculating the 12D dose, and modifications of both the experimental design and data analysis are suggested. Two examples are worked out, one illustrating the use of the suggested method, the other using the theory and an experiment on canned ham to show that the mode of organism death is unlikely to be exponential.
TENDERIZATION OF MEAT WITH PAPAYA LATEX PROTEASES
Authors: KANG C. K. , WARNER W. D. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTSTenderization of meat by papaya latex preparations was achieved by the combined action of several proteases. Both in vitro and in vivo application of enzymes gave degradation of muscle proteins, and degradation of connective tissue only after heat denaturation. Purified papaya enzymes‐papain, chymopapain and papaya peptidase A‐were uniformly distributed throughout the various muscles and in the extravascular system after antemortem injection into the vascular system. Chymopapain was the primary contributor for tenderization because it constituted the major protease in the mixture and it had higher thermostability and more favorable action at the meat's natural pH than papain or papaya peptidase A.
RELATIONSHIPS OF CERTAIN MUSCLE, CARTILAGE AND BONE TRAITS TO TENDERNESS OF THE BEEF LONGISSIMUS
Authors: BERRY B. W. , SMITH G. C. , CARPENTER Z. L. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTSHistological and chemical characteristics of longissimus muscle and physical measurements of scapular and vertebral cartilage and bone were related to the tenderness of the beef longissimus. The 195 wholesale ribs were selected from carcasses differing widely in physiological maturity. Smaller diameter muscle fibers, longer sarcomeres, shorter muscle fiber fragments following homogenization, lower percentages of wavy fibers, decreased collagen content, increased percentages of soluble collagen, lower myofibril fragmentation scores, increased percentages of fat, decreased percentages of moisture and smaller areas of expressible juice were associated (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) with increases in tenderness of the beef longissimus. Among physiological maturity indicators, muscle fiber diameter, total pigment concentration and hardness of scapular cartilage and vertebral bone were most closely related to the variability in tenderness of the beef longissimus and were associated with advancements in physiological maturity. Although most of the relationships in this study were of small magnitude, these data generally support the utilization of fatness‐maturity interactions across very wide ranges in physiological maturity for the stratification of beef carcasses according to tenderness.