bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BMPs, FGF8 and Wnts regulate the differentiation of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neuronal precursors
Authors: Holm Pontus C. , Rodríguez Francisco J. , Kele Julianna , Castelo‐Branco Gonçalo , Kitajewski Jan , Arenas Ernest 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the involvement of rhombomere 1 patterning proteins in the regulation of the major noradrenergic centre of the brain, the locus coeruleus. Primary cultures of rat embryonic day 13.5 locus coeruleus were treated with fibroblast growth factor‐8, noggin and members of the bone morphogenetic and Wnt protein families. We show that bone morphogenetic proteins 2, 5 and 7 increase and noggin decreases the number of tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive locus coeruleus neurons. Interestingly, from all Wnts expressed in the first rhombomere by embryonic day 12.5 in the mice, we only found expression of wnt5a mRNA in the vicinity of the locus coeruleus. In agreement with this finding, from all Wnts studied in vitro, only Wnt5a increased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive neurons in locus coeruleus cultures. Finally, we also found that fibroblast growth factor‐8 increased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive cells in locus coeruleus cultures. Neither of the identified factors affected the survival of tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons or the proliferation of their progenitors or neurogenesis. Instead, our results suggest that these patterning signals of rhombomere 1 may work to promote the differentiation of noradrenergic progenitors at later stages of development.
Tau‐tubulin kinase 1 (TTBK1), a neuron‐specific tau kinase candidate, is involved in tau phosphorylation and aggregation
Authors: Sato Shinji , Cerny Ronald L. , Buescher James L. , Ikezu Tsuneya 
Published: July 2006

AbstractNeurofibrillary tangles, which are major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), are composed of paired helical filaments (PHFs) containing hyperphosphorylated tau. Specific kinases regulate tau phosphorylation and are closely linked to the pathogenesis of AD. We have characterized a human tau‐tubulin kinase 1 (TTBK1) gene located on chromosome 6p21.1. TTBK1 is a serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase that is conserved among species and belongs to the casein kinase 1 superfamily. It is specifically expressed in the brain, especially in the cytoplasm of cortical and hippocampal neurons. TTBK1 phosphorylates tau proteins in both a Mg2+‐ and a Mn2+‐dependent manner. Phosphopeptide mapping and immunoblotting analysis confirmed a direct tau phosphorylation by TTBK1 at Ser198, Ser199, Ser202 and Ser422, which are also phosphorylated in PHFs. TTBK1 also induces tau aggregation in human neuronal cells in a dose‐dependent manner. We conclude that TTBK1 is a neuron‐specific dual kinase involved in tau phosphorylation at AD‐related sites and is also associated with tau aggregation.
Species delimitation in the HwameiGarrulax canorus
Authors: LI SHOU‐HSIEN , LI JING‐WEN , HAN LIAN‐XIAN , YAO CHENG‐TE , SHI HAITAO , LEI FU‐MIN , YEN CHUNGWEI 
Published: July 2006

Due to the male's elaborate songs, the HwameiGarrulax canorusis the most popular caged bird in the global Chinese community. Three allopatric Hwamei subspecies have been described:G. c. canorusin central and southern China and northern Indochina,G. c. owstonifrom Hainan andG. c. taewanusfrom Taiwan. We sequenced the entire mitochondrial cytochromebgene to reconstruct the molecular intraspecific phylogeny of the Hwamei. Molecular phylogenetic trees indicated that individuals of the three subspecies formed three monophyletic clades with high bootstrap support (> 95%). The basal clade wasG. c. taewanus. According to a conventional molecular clock (2% divergence per million years),G. c. taewanussplit from the other Hwamei taxa around 1.5 million years ago, andG. c. owstonidiverged fromG. c. canorusaround 0.6 million years ago. Considering the periodic connection between the Asian mainland and nearby continental islands during the glacial periods, habitat vicariance may have played a more important role than geographical vicariance in facilitating the differentiation of these taxa. Molecular diagnosability, population integrity, and concordance between the population ranges and the topology of the phylogenetic tree suggested that the Hwamei should be delimited into at least two full species:G. canorusandG. taewanus. Our work represents one of the first attempts to re‐evaluate the intraspecific systematics for an eastern Asian bird species using molecular data.
Nesting, overwintering, and conservation of the Crab Plover Dromas ardeola in central Eritrea
Authors: DE MARCHI G. , CHIOZZI G. , SEMERE D. , GALEOTTI P. , BONCOMPAGNI E. , FASOLA M. 
Published: July 2006

We describe 30 new nesting sites of the Crab Plover Dromas ardeola, the main breeding grounds of which were largely unknown, and for which fewer than 30 colonies had been confirmed since 1970. Our survey included 90 islands, 53% of those existing, in the Dahlak and Howakil archipelagoes, and off the coast of central Eritrea. Colony size varied between 20 and 400 nests. We estimate the numbers of Crab Plovers breeding in central Eritrea at 5000–6000 pairs, i.e. about 50% of the known world breeding population. We describe two cases of probable replacement clutches, a feature unrecorded in this species. Black Rats Rattus rattus seem unable to open Crab Plover eggs, and do not seem to be a threat. Crab Plover colonies are traditionally exploited by local fishermen for collection of eggs, an activity that has increased recently. Our new records solve only partially the problem of the ‘missing’ colonies that are required to account for the world wintering population of 60 000–80 000 birds, and thus other breeding sites remain to be discovered, probably in southern Eritrea, Sudan and Somalia. We estimated that there are 4800–6500 Crab Plovers overwintering within central Eritrea, making it an important wintering ground for the species.
The survival and function of baboon red blood cells, platelets, and plasma proteins: a review of the experience from 1972 to 2002 at the Naval Blood Research Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts
Authors: Valeri C. Robert , Ragno Gina 
Published: July 2006

The studies reported in this monograph were performed between 1972 and 2002 when it was possible to study healthy male and female baboons. A colony of baboons was maintained for 30 years without any adverse events observed in these baboons in the numerous studies that were performed. These protocols were reviewed and approved by the institutional animal care and use committees (IACUC) at the sites where the studies were performed and by the veterinarian services of the U.S. Navy’s Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, the Office of Naval Research, and the Department of Defense. The physiology of red blood cells (RBCs), platelets (PLTs), and plasma proteins in the baboon was investigated together with the viability and function of preserved RBCs, PLTs, and plasma proteins. These studies in the baboon could not have been performed in normal volunteers and patients. The data obtained have provided critical information to explain the clinical observations reported in normal volunteers and patients after transfusion of fresh and preserved blood products.These studies were supported by the U.S. Navy’s Bureau of Medicine and Surgery and the Office of Naval Research. In addition, the support of the late Congressman J. Joseph Moakley from Massachusetts is acknowledged because without his support many of these studies could not have been performed.The authors acknowledge the contributions of the numerous research collaborators identified in the 52 peer‐reviewed publications that cite other funding agencies that supported the research that is reported, the editorial assistance of Ms Cynthia Ann Valeri, and the assistance of Ms Deborah Tattersall who prepared the figures and tables reported in this publication.
Telomerase expression in sebaceous lesions of the skin
Authors: Olsen Stephen H. , Su Lyndon D. , Thomas Dafydd , Fullen Douglas R 
Published: July 2006

Background:  Recent studies have demonstrated telomerase expression in ophthalmologic sebaceous carcinoma and have suggested possible diagnostic utility in distinguishing these neoplasms from sebaceous adenomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate telomerase expression via human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) immunohistochemical staining in a spectrum of sebaceous lesions of the skin.Methods:  Paraffin‐embedded sections from sebaceous hyperplasia (11), nevus sebaceus (22), sebaceous adenoma (19), sebaceoma (11), and sebaceous carcinoma (14) were evaluated for intensity (0 to 3+) and pattern of anti‐hTERT staining.Results:  Strong (2 to 3+) hTERT staining was observed in nucleoli of germinative cells and immature sebocytes in all sebaceous lesions, whereas mature sebocytes were negative. The distribution pattern paralleled features seen by routine haematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections.Conclusions:  All hyperplastic and neoplastic sebaceous skin lesions expressed hTERT in this immunohistochemical study. The pattern of staining was predictive of the histologic pattern of the process but does not significantly add to our diagnostic armamentarium of sebaceous lesions.
Rab7 and Rab27a control two motor protein activities involved in melanosomal transport
Authors: Jordens Ingrid , Westbroek Wendy , Marsman Marije , Rocha Nuno , Mommaas Mieke , Huizing Marjan , Lambert Jo , Naeyaert Jean M. , Neefjes Jacques 
Published: July 2006

SummaryMelanosomes are lysosome‐related organelles that synthesize, store and transport melanin. In epidermal melanocytes, melanosomes mature and are transferred to surrounding keratinocytes, which is essential for skin and coat colour. Mouse coat colour mutants reveal a critical role for the small GTPase Rab27a, which recruits myosin Va through its effector protein melanophilin/Slac2a. Here we have studied how two different Rab GTPases control two motor proteins during subsequent phases in transport of melanosomes. We show that the small GTPase Rab7 mainly associates with early and intermediate stage melanosomes and Rab27a to intermediate and mature melanosomes. Rab27a is found in an active state on mature melanosomes in the tips of the dendrites. The Rab7–Rab7‐interacting lysosomal protein–dynein pathway only controls early and intermediate stage melanosomes because the mature melanosomes lack Rab7 and associate with the actin network through Rab27a recruited MyoVa. Thus two Rab proteins regulate two different motor proteins, thereby controlling complementary phases in melanosome biogenesis: Rab7 controls microtubule‐mediated transport of early and Rab27a the subsequent actin‐dependent transport of mature melanosomes.
Australia's Coastcare Program (1995–2002): its Purpose, Components and Outcomes
Authors: CLARKE BEVERLEY 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCoastcare, Australia's community‐based coastal stewardship program, ran in its original form between 1995 and 2002 underpinned by the principles of integrated coastal management. Internationally, there are very few similar enterprises. Coastcare differed in fundamental ways from other Australian natural resource stewardship programs such as Landcare and Bushcare. However, there is very little published information about the program: its activities, characteristics or achievements. The results presented in this paper are based upon analysis of descriptive statistics from two key sources: the data set of the central coordinating agency for Coastcare (the national environment agency of that time), and a questionnaire administered to State level staff of the program. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the original program including a discussion of its practice, outcomes and limitations in terms of lack of formal evaluation. The paper expands the image of Coastcare beyond that of a grants program by explaining its broader roles in terms of education and partnership development between tiers of government and the community. Coastcare, in its original form, ceased to function in 2003 as a consequence of a remodeling of the funding strategy through the Commonwealth Government's Natural Heritage Trust. It is concluded that there is some urgency in broadcasting Coastcare's past function and fate because a new program has emerged from the old with little application of hindsight to guide better future performance.
An evaluation of dementia screening in the primary care setting
Authors: Harvan Jennifer R. , Cotter Valerie T. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate current screening methods for dementia to determine the most accurate and efficient tools for use in primary care.Data sources: Search included the following: Medline, CINAHL, BIOSIS, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Science, and Health & Psychosocial Instruments (1840–2005). The following search terms were used: screen, screening, tools, Mini Mental, MMSE, clock drawing, subjective memory, assessment, diagnosis, primary care, outpatient, community based, ambulatory care, dementia, cognitive impairment, and memory impairment. There was no limit to publication year. Articles excluded were those not published in English and those which used screening tools as part of diagnostic evaluation. The search revealed 581 relevant articles, which were narrowed to 20.Conclusions: The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) has high sensitivity and specificity in outpatients older than 65 years when age‐ and education‐specific cutoffs are used. The clock drawing test has lower sensitivity and specificity when used alone; however, in combination with the MMSE, its sensitivity is higher than that of the MMSE while specificity is slightly lower. Subjective memory complaints contribute diagnostic information; however, objective memory performance is a stronger predictor of future dementia. All measures are subject to influence by age, education, and other physical factors. The body of evidence regarding dementia screening methods has increased in recent years. The studies have been well conducted, of large sample size, in various geographic locations and populations, and by numerous investigators.Implications for practice: Dementing illnesses will become a common presentation in primary care. Currently, routine screening is not conducted although acceptable instruments, such as the MMSE, are available. Additional research on routine screening in primary care to bolster the current evidence, use of nurses as evaluators of cognition, and utilization of specialists is needed.
Bipolar disorder: Etiology, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Miller Kimberly 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPurpose: To review the epidemiology and disease characteristics of the bipolar disorder (BD) spectrum, render an accurate and timely diagnosis, and review treatment options through provider and patient collaboration.Data sources: Comprehensive review of current scientific literature derived from electronic databases and professional medical references.Conclusions: BD is a multifactorial disease that can interfere with cognition and behavior, causing a severe impact on patients and families. The variable course and often delayed diagnosis of this disorder can cause frustration for the patient and the healthcare provider. Because most undiagnosed patients with BD seek treatment within the primary care setting, it is imperative that clinicians become expert in the recognition of and intervention for this condition.Implications for practice: The primary care provider is in a key position to render early diagnosis and treatment of BD. This disease should always be considered as part of the differential diagnosis for depression or anxiety. Nurse practitioners can be effective providers by using good nursing practices of communication, education, and advocacy for the patient and family. Knowledge of current diagnostic criteria and management is imperative for successful treatment of patients with BD.
Perioperative use of recombinant activated factor VII in a Jehovah’s Witness patient undergoing sigmoid colectomy
Authors: HOLLAND DAVID E. , ROBINSON STEPHEN 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYWe report the successful use of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in a 48‐year‐old male Jehovah’s Witness with rectal bleeding and perioperative hemorrhage associated with sigmoid colectomy. The patient experienced no further blood loss following the administration of rFVIIa, and no adverse events were observed. Our findings suggest that rFVIIa may represent a new therapeutic opportunity for the management of hemorrhage in patients who do not consent to blood transfusions, and that the use of the agent in this patient population is worthy of further investigation.
Acute normovolemic hemodilution in orthopedic surgery
Authors: MONK TERRI G. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYAcute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is an autologous blood collection technique that involves the removal of whole blood from a patient on the day of surgery shortly before an anticipated significant surgical blood loss. ANH is one of the least expensive blood‐conservation practices because it is a ‘point‐of‐care’ strategy that is performed in the operating room at the time of surgery. As ANH and preoperative autologous donation (PAD) have equivalent efficacy but ANH is much less expensive than PAD, ANH is the logical choice for the procurement of autologous blood.
Is there a role for perioperative intravenous iron therapy in orthopedic and trauma surgery? Clinical experience in major lower limb surgery
Authors: MUÑOZ MANUEL , GARCÍA‐ERCE JOSÉ ANTONIO , CUENCA JORGE , IZUEL MÓNICA , MARTÍNEZ ANGEL A. , SOLANO VÍCTOR M. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYPerioperative anemia is a common condition among orthopedic and trauma surgery patients. Preoperative anemia is most frequently caused by iron deficiency or chronic inflammatory disease and is one of the major predictive factors for perioperative blood transfusion. In addition to preoperative anemia, perioperative blood loss is a major cause of postoperative anemia although blunted erythropoiesis attributable to inflammation‐induced inhibition of erythropoietin (EPO) action and decreased iron availability may also play a role. We assessed the safety and effectiveness of perioperative intravenous iron administration, with or without EPO, to stimulate erythropoiesis in patients undergoing trauma (hip fracture) or elective orthopedic surgery (knee and hip replacement). Overall, no side effects were observed. The treatment resulted in lower transfusion requirements, decreased postoperative infection and mortality rates, and shorter length of hospital stay. If confirmed by large randomized clinical trials, these findings will provide a rationale to treat orthopedic and trauma patients with intravenous iron, alone or in combination with EPO, in order to attain higher postoperative hemoglobin concentrations, reduce postoperative complications and shorten hospital stay while limiting exposure to allogeneic blood.
NEUTRINO MASSES AND TeV SCALE RESONANT LEPTOGENESIS FROM SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING
Authors: WEST STEPHEN M. 
Published: July 2006

We review a class of supersymmetric models in which the light neutrino masses result from higher-dimensional supersymmetry-breaking terms in the MSSM super- and Kähler-potentials. The mechanism used in these models is closely related to the Giudice–Masiero mechanism for the MSSM μ parameter and leads to TeV-scale right-handed neutrino and sneutrino states. In these models, the dominant contribution to the light neutrino (Majorana) mass matrix is a one-loop term with a sub-dominant tree-level "seesaw" contribution. It is also shown that it is possible to construct a natural model of TeV-scale leptogenesis via the resonant behavior of the one-loop self-energy contribution to the right-handed neutrino (Ni) decay. This model addresses the primary problems of previous phenomenological studies of low-energy leptogenesis: a rational for TeV-scale right-handed neutrinos with small Yukawa couplings; the origin of the tiny, but non-zero mass splitting required between at least two Ni masses; and the necessary non-trivial breaking of flavor symmetries in the right-handed neutrino sector.
GALOIS-STABILITY FOR TAME ABSTRACT ELEMENTARY CLASSES
Authors: GROSSBERG RAMI , VANDIEREN MONICA 
Published: July 2006

We introduce tame abstract elementary classes as a generalization of all cases of abstract elementary classes that are known to permit development of stability-like theory. In this paper, we explore stability results in this new context. We assume that [Formula: see text] is a tame abstract elementary class satisfying the amalgamation property with no maximal model. The main results include:. Theorem 0.1. Suppose that [Formula: see text] is not only tame, but [Formula: see text]-tame. If [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is Galois stable in μ, then [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a relative of κ(T) from first order logic. [Formula: see text] is the Hanf number of the class [Formula: see text]. It is known that [Formula: see text]. The theorem generalizes a result from [17]. It is used to prove both the existence of Morley sequences for non-splitting (improving [22, Claim 4.15] and a result from [7]) and the following initial step towards a stability spectrum theorem for tame classes:. Theorem 0.2. If [Formula: see text] is Galois-stable in some [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is stable in every κ with κμ=κ. For example, under GCH we have that [Formula: see text] Galois-stable in μ implies that [Formula: see text] is Galois-stable in μ+n for all n < ω.
Agrippa and the Mourning Rites for Drusilla in Alexandria
Authors: Kerkeslager Allen 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPhilo's descriptions of the outburst of violence in Alexandria in 38 suggest that he was trying to distract attention away from some crime against Rome committed by the local Judeans. Careful analysis of the chronology suggests that this crime was a dramatic violation of the Alexandrian funerary celebrations for Drusilla, the sister of the Roman emperor Gaius. The edict of Flaccus and subsequent violence against the Judeans was a punitive response to this crime. The entire sequence of events was fully in harmony with normal Roman legal and administrative policies.
Children and Childhood in Light of the Demographics of the Jewish Family in Late Antiquity
Authors: Tropper Amram 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe demography of the Jewish family is indispensable for the study of the nature of Jewish childhood in late antiquity. Demography in this context refers to the probable mortality rate, fertility rate and average age of first marriage for the Jews of our period. Together these demographic factors create a model of the duration and rhythm of the life-course; a model of the skeletal structure of the ancient Jewish family. We explore below the nature of Jewish childhood in late antiquity in light of the portrait of the family that emerges from a study of ancient family demographics.
Pharmacological activity of sanchi ginseng (Panax notoginseng)
Authors: Ng T B 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The pharmacological activity and constituents of the sanchi ginseng Panax notoginseng have been reviewed. The bulk of pharmacological findings have been based on the saponins or steryl glycosides, although polysaccharides with immunopotentiating activity, proteins with antifungal, ribonuclease and xylanase activity, and a triacylglycerol (trilinolein) with antioxidant activity have been reported. Protective actions against cerebral ischaemia, beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, and haemostatic, antioxidant, hypolipidaemic, hepatoprotective, renoprotective and estrogen-like activities have been described. Various methods for authentication of P. notoginseng are available.