bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microscopic anatomy of pycnogonida: II. Digestive system. III. Excretory system
Authors: Fahrenbach W. H. , Arango Claudia P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe digestive system of several species of sea spiders (Pycnogonida, Arthropoda) was studied by electron microscopy. It is composed of the foregut inside a long proboscis, a midgut and a hindgut. Lips near the three jaws at the tip of the proboscis receive several hundred ductules originating from salivary glands. These previously undetected glands open on the lips, a fluted, projecting ridge at the external hinge line of the jaws, i.e., to the outside of the mouth. This disposition suggests affinities to the chelicerate line. The trigonal esophagus within the proboscis contains a complex, setose filter device, operated by dedicated muscles, that serves to reduce ingested food to subcellular dimensions. The midgut has diverticula into the bases of all legs. Its cells differentiate from the basal layer and contain a bewildering array of secretion droplets, lysosomes and phagosomes. In the absence of a hepatopancreas, the midgut serves both digestive and absorptive functions. The cuticle‐lined hindgut lies in the highly reduced, peg‐like abdomen.Traditionally, pycnogonids have been claimed to have no excretory organ at all. Such a structure, however, has been located in at least one ammotheid, Nymphopsis spinosissima, in which a simple, but standard, excretory gland has been found in the scape of the chelifore. It consists of an end sac, a straight proximal tubule, a short distal tubule, and a raised nephropore. The end sac is a thin‐walled and polygonal chamber, about 150 μm in cross section, suspended in the hemocoel of the appendage, its edges radially tethered to the cuticle at more than half a dozen locations. This wall consists of a filtration basement membrane, 1–4 μm thick, facing the hemocoel, and internally of a continuous carpet of podocytes and their pedicels. The podocytes, measuring maximally 10 by 15 μm, have complex contents, of which a labyrinthine system of connected intracellular channels stands out. These coated cisternae open into a central vacuole that often rivals the nucleus in size. The design of the organ closely approximates that of the primitive crustacean Hutchinsoniella macracantha. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antioxidant activity of tryptic digests of hen egg yolk phosvitin
Authors: Xu Xueming , Katayama Shigeru , Mine Yoshinori 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Food protein‐derived peptides with antioxidant activity have great potential for use as natural antioxidants in food products. However, neither the structure–activity relationship nor the antioxidant mechanism of peptides is fully understood. Egg yolk phosvitin has been acknowledged to have strongly antioxidant protein owing to its highly phosphorylated form. In this study the antioxidant activities of tryptic digests of hen egg yolk phosvitin (PPPs), which were prepared by partial dephosphorylation and subsequent hydrolysis by trypsin, were compared with that of intact phosvitin.RESULTS: Compared with intact phosvitin, PPPs exhibited distinctly stronger capability of inhibiting lipid oxidation in a linoleic acid system and more efficient radical‐scavenging activity on 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. However, the chelating capability of PPPs on iron(II) was weaker than that of intact phosvitin. The strong antioxidant activity of PPPs can be mainly attributed to the amino acid composition rather than to the content of phosphorylserine ligands. Histidine, methionine and tyrosine are the amino acids most likely to be responsible for the strong antioxidant activity of phosvitin peptides.CONCLUSION: The present study indicated that PPPs could be used in foods as natural antioxidants with strong antioxidant activity. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Endocrine gland‐derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG‐VEGF) expression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Nagano Hideki , Goi Takanori , Koneri Kenji , Hirono Yasuo , Katayama Kanji , Yamaguchi Akio 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground and Objectives:Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known as an important factor in the growth and metastasis of cancer cells. In 2001, a novel angiogenesis factor, endocrine gland‐derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG‐VEGF), was cloned. In this study, we investigated the expression of EG‐VEGF in colorectal cancer, the relationship between its expression and clinicopathological factors, and the in vitro activity of EG‐VEGF transfectants.Methods:We determined expression levels of EG‐VEGF in 113 advanced colorectal cancers resected in our hospital by quantitative PCR, and compared the expression levels and clinicopathological findings by multivariate analyses.Results:The expression of EG‐VEGF mRNA was positive in 31 cancers and negative in 82 cancers. We found that compared with the negative expression of the EG‐VEGF gene, its positive expression was more frequently associated with hematogenous metastasis, and was associated with a poorer survival rate. In addition, EG‐VEGF transfectants showed a higher degree of in vitro tubular formation than control cells.Conclusions:We speculate that, in colorectal cancers, the EG‐VEGF gene functions as an important factor in angiogenesis in primary and metastatic lesions, and consider that it is useful as a novel prognostic factor. EG‐VEGF molecule‐targeted therapy has the potential for improving survival rates. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:605–610. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
E‐cadherin expression in early gastric carcinoma and correlation with lymph node metastasis
Authors: Yi Kim Dong , Kyoon Joo Jae , Kyu Park Young , Yeob Ryu Seong , Soo Kim Hyun , Kyun Noh Bok , Hwa Lee Kyung , Hyuk Lee Jae 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectiveAbnormal expression of E‐cadherin plays an important role in the differentiation and progression of gastric carcinoma. However, the relationship between molecular changes in E‐cadherin and metastasis in early gastric carcinoma (EGC) is poorly understood.Materials and MethodsSixty cases of EGC with or without lymph node metastasis (30 node‐positive cases and 30 node‐negative cases) were investigated to evaluate hypermethylation status using bisulfate‐MSP and immunohistochemistry using antibody against E‐cadherin.ResultsTwenty‐seven (45.0%) of 60 primary EGCs exhibited methylation in the CpG island of E‐cadherin. Abnormal expression of E‐cadherin was significantly correlated with patient age, tumor size, Lauren classification, differentiation, and lymph node metastasis. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, two factors were independent, statistically significant parameters associated with lymph node metastasis: abnormal expression of E‐cadherin (risk ratio, 2.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.917–7.457; P < 0.05) and lymphatic invasion (risk ratio, 8.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.612–40.766; P < 0.05).ConclusionOur results suggest that methylation of E‐cadherin is a frequent, early event in gastric carcinoma progression, and is correlated significantly with downregulated E‐cadherin expression. Inactivation of E‐cadherin might be involved in metastasis in EGC and play an important role in microscopic differentiation. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:429–435. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tissue preserving hepatectomy by a vessel sealing device
Authors: Tepetes Konstantinos , Christodoulidis Gregory , Spyridakis E. Michael , Chatzitheofilou Constantine 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe intraoperative blood loss and the biliary leak constitute the major causes of postoperative morbidity following liver resection. We describe a new technique for liver parenchyma transection using the Atlas modification of the ligasure vessel sealing system. The gradual closure of the instrument may cause crushing of the hepatic tissue and heat sealing of the vessels and bile ducts at the same time.Materials and MethodsTen cirrhotic patients (group A) underwent minor liver resections due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In four of these patients a bisegmentectomy was carried out, whereas in the remaining six the resection involved one segment. In addition, twelve patients with localized metastatic liver disease (group B) underwent tissue preserving hepatectomy also. Six of these patients underwent a bisegmentectomy and six had a local resection involving one segment.ResultsThe blood loss in the first group varied from 120 to 350 ml, whereas in the second group varied from 80 to 280 ml. No postoperative biliary leakage was mentioned.ConclusionThis alternative technique of dividing the hepatic parenchyma seems to be simple and efficacious in preventing significant blood loss and bile leak in minor liver resections. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:165–168. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Saphenous vein graft conduits for insertion of hepatic arterial infusion pumps in patients with abnormal hepatic arterial anatomy
Authors: Yezhelyev Maksym , Osgood Michael , Egnatashvili Vasili , Lumsden Alan , Staley Charles A. , Kooby David A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground and Objectives:Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy offers improved hepatic control for liver metastases from colon cancer. Optimal catheter insertion requires an adequate gastroduodenal artery (GDA). Limited data exists on using saphenous vein grafts (SVG) as conduits when native vasculature is inadequate.Methods:All HAI pump insertions from 7/99 to 7/03 requiring SVG conduits (N = 10) were analyzed for arterial anatomy, operative conduct, and outcome.Results:From 1988 through 2005, 124 HAI pumps were placed of which 10 received SVG conduits to optimize placement. Mean operative time was 251 ± 50 min and mean blood loss was 230 ± 30 cm3. All were placed with palliative intent. Three patients (30%) had type 1 anatomy with inadequate GDA. Five (50%) had type 3 anatomy with replaced right hepatic artery, one (10%) had a small GDA originating off the right hepatic artery, and one patient (10%) had a trifurcation. Two (20%) pump‐related complications were identified, and only one (10%) was related to vasculature (catheter thrombosis as a result of hepatic arterial stenosis distal to the SVG insertion site).Conclusions:Complication rates related to SVG conduits for hepatic arterial infusion pump placement are low. Saphenous vein grafts are acceptable conduits for patients with abnormal hepatic arterial anatomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:85–89. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overexpression of hERG1 in resected esophageal squamous cell carcinomas: A marker for poor prognosis
Authors: Ding Xiang‐Wu , Luo He‐Sheng , Luo Bing , Xu Dong‐Qiang , Gao Shan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the expression and prognostic roles of human ether à go‐go related gene (hERG1) potassium channels in resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsExpression of hERG1 protein and mRNA was detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription PCR in resected esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) and non‐cancerous matched tissues, and the correlation was examined between expression of hERG1 protein and clinicopathological factors and prognosis of ESCC patients.ResultsFrequency of positive expression of hERG1 protein was 77.9% (53/68), mRNA was 81.8% (9/11). hERG1 protein and mRNA were negatively expressed in all non‐cancerous matched tissues. There was no significant correlation between hERG1 protein expression and lymph node metastases, depth of penetration, stage, and other clinicopathological factors. Completeness was 92.5% for hERG1‐positive group and 92.0% for hERG1‐negative group. ESCC patients with positive expression of hERG1 protein had a significantly shorter postoperative survival time than those with negative expression (median, 30 vs. 56 months). Survival rates at each time‐point for hERG1‐positive group were lower than that for hERG1‐negative group, and hERG1 was identified as an independent prognostic factor of long‐term survival by multivariate analysis.ConclusionIn ESCC, hERG1 was aberrantly expressed and correlated with poor prognosis after surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:57–62. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of Smad4 protein expression and 18qLOH as molecular markers indicating lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer—a study matched for tumor depth and pathology
Authors: Tanaka Toshiaki , Watanabe Toshiaki , Kazama Yoshihiro , Tanaka Junichiro , Kanazawa Takamitsu , Kazama Shinsuke , Nagawa Hirokazu 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurposeChromosome 18q21 deletion and Smad4 protein inactivation have been reported as molecular markers predicting unfavorable outcome in colorectal cancers and, in a previous report, we recently revealed that these molecules are closely associated with distant metastasis, which is one of the clinical factors affecting postoperative survival. However, there has been no discussion as to how these molecules influence another clinical factor, namely, lymph node metastasis. In this report, we studied the significance of chromosome 18q deletion and loss of Smad4 protein expression in association with lymph node metastasis.MethodForty pairs of colorectal cancer specimens were studied; one group was positive for lymph node metastasis while the other was negative. We examined Smad4 protein expression level and chromosome 18q deletion in the two groups.ResultsImmunohistochemical staining revealed that more cases showed a weaker stain for Smad4 protein in the lymph node positive group compared with the negative group (P = 0.00075). Furthermore, a higher ratio of 18q21 deletion was observed in the lymph node positive group (P = 0.029).ConclusionWe revealed that chromosome 18q deletion and Smad4 protein inactivation are the essential molecular events in the process of lymph node metastasis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:69–73. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Theoretical and numerical analyses of chemical‐dissolution front instability in fluid‐saturated porous rocks
Authors: Zhao Chongbin , Hobbs B. E. , Hornby P. , Ord A. , Peng Shenglin , Liu Liangming 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe chemical‐dissolution front propagation problem exists ubiquitously in many scientific and engineering fields. To solve this problem, it is necessary to deal with a coupled system between porosity, pore‐fluid pressure and reactive chemical‐species transport in fluid‐saturated porous media. Because there was confusion between the average linear velocity and the Darcy velocity in the previous study, the governing equations and related solutions of the problem are re‐derived to correct this confusion in this paper. Owing to the morphological instability of a chemical‐dissolution front, a numerical procedure, which is a combination of the finite element and finite difference methods, is also proposed to solve this problem. In order to verify the proposed numerical procedure, a set of analytical solutions has been derived for a benchmark problem under a special condition where the ratio of the equilibrium concentration to the solid molar density of the concerned chemical species is very small. Not only can the derived analytical solutions be used to verify any numerical method before it is used to solve this kind of chemical‐dissolution front propagation problem but they can also be used to understand the fundamental mechanisms behind the morphological instability of a chemical‐dissolution front during its propagation within fluid‐saturated porous media. The related numerical examples have demonstrated the usefulness and applicability of the proposed numerical procedure for dealing with the chemical‐dissolution front instability problem within a fluid‐saturated porous medium. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some fascinating phenomena in electrospinning processes and applications of electrospun nanofibers
Authors: Tan Songting , Huang Xianwei , Wu Bolin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractElectrospinning has the unique ability to produce ultrathin fibers from a rich variety of materials that include polymers, inorganic or organic compounds and blends. With the enormous increase of research interest in electrospun nanofibers, there is a strong need for a comprehensive review of electrospinning in a systematic fashion. This article presents some fascinating phenomena associated with the remarkable features of nanofibers in electrospinning processes and new progress in applications of electrospun nanofibers. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Development, characterisation and 1000 Suns outdoor tests of GaAs monolithic interconnected module (MIM) receivers
Authors: Loeckenhoff R. , Dimroth F. , Oliva E. , Ohm A. , Wilde J. , Faiman David , Biryukov Sergey , Melnichak Vladimir , Kabalo Shlomo , Bokobza Dov , Bett A. W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMonolithic interconnected modules (MIMs) are large area, high voltage PV devices which perform well at very high light intensities. They are therefore well suited for the assembly of dense array receivers. The latter can be employed in solar concentrator systems such as parabolic dishes at a concentration ratio of 1000 Suns or more. This paper reports on progress in the development and testing of GaAs MIMs and of water‐cooled dense array receivers assembled from MIMs. The MIMs are electrically protected by integrated bypass diodes and, under indoor laboratory tests, reach an efficiency of 20·0% at 1000 Suns and 22·9% at 200 Suns. Several dense array receivers have been assembled, one of which was tested outdoors at 1‐Sun and at concentration ratios of several hundred Suns and up to slightly above 1000 Suns using thePETALsolar dish facility in Sede Boqer, Israel. In addition to I–V curve measurements, the high‐concentration tests included measurements that quantified the light intensity distribution over the dense array. Deformations in some of the I–V plots were observed for intensity distributions that departed substantially from perfect uniformity. The shapes of these plots were successfully reproduced by an electronic network simulation of the inhomogeneously illuminated receiver. 1‐Sun I–V curve measurements and visual inspections performed before and after exposure of the module to concentrated sunlight revealed no indications of degradation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conducting and magnetic behaviors of monodispersed iron oxide/polypyrrole nanocomposites synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization
Authors: Wu Tzong‐Ming , Yen Shiang‐Jie , Chen Erh‐Chiang , Sung Ti‐Wen , Chiang Ray‐Kuang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis study describes the preparation of nanocomposites fabricated from monodispersed iron oxide (Fe3O4) and polypyrrole (PPy) by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. The monodispersed 4 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles which served as cores were synthesized using the thermal decomposition of a mixture of Iron (III) acetylacetonate and oleic acid in the presence of high boiling point solvents. The resulting nanoparticles were further dispersed in an aqueous solution with anionic surfactant sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate to form micelle/Fe3O4 spherical templates that avoid the aggregation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles during the further preparation of the nanocomposites. The Fe3O4/PPy nanocomposites were then synthesized via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization on the surface of the spherical templates. Both field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images indicate that the resulting Fe3O4 nanoparticles are close to spherical dots with a particle size of about 4 nm and a standard deviation of less than 5% (4 ± 0.2 nm). Structural and morphological analysis using FESEM and HRTEM showed that the fabricated Fe3O4/PPy nanocomposites are core (Fe3O4)‐shell (PPy) structures. Morphology of the nanocomposites shows a remarkable change from spherical to tube‐like structures as the content of monodispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles increases from 9% up to 24 wt %. The conductivities of these Fe3O4/PPy nanocomposites are about six times higher than those of PPy without Fe3O4. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4647–4655, 2007
Preliminary evaluation of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/monoethanolamine/adipic acid composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cell applications
Authors: Zhong Shuangling , Cui Xuejun , Cai Hongli , Fu Tiezhu , Na Hui 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA series of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/monoethanolamine/adipic acid (SPEEK/MEA/AA) composite membranes are prepared and investigated to assess their possibility as proton exchange membranes in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). A preliminary evaluation shows that introducing MEA and AA into SPEEK matrix decreases the thermal stability of membrane. However, the degradation temperatures are still above 260 °C, satisfying the requirement for fuel cell operation. Compared with the pure SPEEK membrane, the composite membranes exhibit not only lower water uptake and swelling ratios but also better mechanical property and oxidative stability. Noticeably, the methanol diffusion coefficient of the composite membranes decrease significantly from 3.15 × 10−6 to 0.76 × 10−6 cm2/s with increasing MEA and AA content, accompanied by only a small sacrifice in proton conductivity. Although both the methanol diffusion coefficient and the proton conductivity of composite membranes are lower than those of pure SPEEK and Nafion® 117 membranes, their selectivity (conductivity/methanol diffusion coefficient) are higher. In addition, the composite membranes show excellent stability in aqueous methanol solution. The good thermal and chemical stability, low swelling ratio, excellent mechanical property, low methanol diffusion coefficient, and high selectivity make the use of these composite membranes in DMFCs quite attractive. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2871–2879, 2007
A photon transmission study for film formation from poly(vinyl acetate) latex particles with different molecular weights
Authors: Arda Ertan , Kara Selim , Pekcan Önder 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe photon transmission technique was used to monitor the temperature evolution of film formation from poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) latex particles with two different molecular weights. Two sets of latex films were prepared below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PVAc, which are named as low (LM) and high molecular weight (HM) films. These films were annealed at elevated temperatures above the Tg of PVAc for various time intervals. It is observed that transmitted photon intensity (Itr) from these films increased as the annealing temperature was increased. Onset temperatures (TH) at given times (τH) for starting the optical clarity of LM and HM films were measured and used to calculate the healing activation energies (ΔH) for the PVAc minor chains, and found to be as 28.1 kcal/mol and 27.7 kcal/mol, respectively. The increase in the transmitted photon intensity, Itr above TH was attributed to the increase in the number of disappeared interfaces between the deformed latex particles. Prager–Tirrell (PT) model was employed to interpret the increase in the crossing density of chains at the junction surfaces. The interdiffusion (backbone) activation energies (ΔE) were measured and found to be 177.5 kcal/mol and 210.7 kcal/mol for a diffusing PVAc chains across the junction surface of LM and HM latex films, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2918–2925, 2007