bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What are the prevalence and incidence of tooth loss in the adult and elderly population in Europe?
Authors: Müller Frauke , Naharro Manuel , Carlsson Gunnar E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this review was to study the prevalence and incidence of edentulism and tooth loss in European countries.Material and method: A literature search was performed by means of Medline/PubMed using various combinations of keywords concerning prevalence and incidence of tooth loss and edentulism, complemented by a hand search. Inclusion criteria were cross‐sectional and longitudinal clinical and questionnaire studies of representative or random samples of ≥100 subjects at the initial examination. Sixty articles were identified; the hand search gave 13 more references.Results: This literature review demonstrated that there is a lack of epidemiological studies on edentulism and tooth loss in many countries in Europe. The quality of available data varied considerably. There is a documented decline of edentulism with still great differences in prevalence between countries, between geographical regions within countries and between groups with various backgrounds. The mean number of lost teeth increases with age. In several countries many dentate subjects aged 60 years and over still have reduced dentitions possibly needing prosthodontic treatment. The incidence of tooth loss is low but with geographical variation between age groups, and there is a trend for decreasing incidence over the last decades. A great number of variables are associated with tooth loss, and there is no consensus whether dental disease related or socio‐behavioural factors are the most important risk factors. Institutionalised elderly people have, in general, more compromised oral health, including fewer teeth, than those at the same age living freely.Conclusion: Tooth loss and edentulism are declining at least in those European countries where reliable data are available. However, the WHO goal of retaining at least 20 teeth at the age of 80 years has not yet been met but is being approached in some countries.
How do patients perceive the benefit of reconstructive dentistry with regard to oral health‐related quality of life and patient satisfaction? A systematic review
Authors: Thomason J. Mark , Heydecke Guido , Feine Jocelyne S. , Ellis Janice S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Reconstructive dentistry encompasses an enormous range of treatment modalities from the restoration of single teeth to the reconstruction of the whole dentoalveolar complex in edentulous patients. Some treatment modalities have been assessed in terms of quality‐of‐life (QoL) outcomes and satisfactionObjectives: The aim of the present investigation was to search and review studies published between 1996 and 2006 in which the impact of the treatment was measured in terms of QoL outcome, ideally, oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). Patient satisfaction was also accepted as an outcome.Materials and methods: The primary search engine used was NICB PubMed based on MeSH headings. Hand searching of the cited references in the included papers identified a number of additional studies. The primary focus of the search was to link treatment to QoL outcomes.Results: The majority of included studies involved the treatment of edentulous patients, particularly the mandible. The preponderance of the studies comparing conventional dentures (CDs) and implant‐supported overdentures (IODs) were randomized‐controlled trials (N=18). There was compelling evidence that patients were more satisfied with IODs than CDs. There was strong evidence that OHRQoL can be significantly improved using IODs. Evidence suggesting that one retention system is superior to another needs further clarification. Although high satisfaction ratings have been reported for maxillary implant prostheses, the overall ratings given to the maxillary implant prostheses were not significantly greater than for CDs.There was only sparce information regarding QoL or satisfaction outcomes for the majority of other forms of reconstructive dentistry.Conclusion: Apart from the restoration of the edentulous mandible with IODs or CD, where there is an accumulating body of evidence on the effect of treatment choice, there are many procedures for which there are little or no such data at all. As yet, the entire range of reconstructive treatment has witnessed insufficient investigations relating treatment to its effect on QoL or satisfaction. This is an area that needs to be expanded as a way of quantifying the effect of treatment choices.
A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of all‐ceramic and metal–ceramic reconstructions after an observation period of at least 3 years. Part I: single crowns
Authors: Pjetursson Bjarni E. , Sailer Irena , Zwahlen Marcel , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectives: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the 5‐year survival rates of all‐ceramic single crowns and to compare it with the survival rates of metal–ceramic crowns and to describe the incidence of biological and technical complications.Methods: An electronic Medline and Dental Global Publication Research System search complemented by manual searching was conducted to identify prospective and retrospective cohort studies on all‐ceramic and metal–ceramic crowns with a mean follow‐up time of at least 3 years. Patients had to have been examined clinically at the follow‐up visit. Assessment of the identified studies and data abstraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Annual failure rates were analyzed using standard and random‐effects Poisson regression models to obtain summary estimates of survival proportions.Results: The search provided 3473 titles and 177 abstracts. Full‐text analysis was performed for 86 articles, resulting in 34 studies that met the inclusion criteria. In meta‐analysis, the 5‐year survival of all‐ceramic crowns was estimated at 93.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 91.1%–95%) and 95.6% (95% CI: 92.4%–97.5%) for metal–ceramic crowns.All‐ceramic crowns were also analyzed according to the material utilized. Densely sintered alumina (Procera®technique) crowns showed the highest 5‐year survival rate of 96.4%, followed by reinforced glass–ceramic crowns (Empress®technique) and InCeram‐crowns with survival rates of 95.4% and 94.5%, respectively. A significantly lower survival rate of 87.5% was calculated for glass–ceramic crowns after 5 years.All‐ceramic crowns were also grouped and analyzed regarding the position in the mouth. All four types of all‐ceramic crowns showed lower survival rates when seated on posterior teeth. Moreover, for glass–ceramic crowns (84.4%) and InCeram‐crowns (90.4%), this difference reached statistical significance (P=0.009, P=0.028).Conclusion: Based on the present systematic review, all‐ceramic crowns, when used for anterior teeth, showed survival rates at 5 years comparable to those seen for metal–ceramic crowns.When used for posterior teeth, the survival rates at 5 years of densely sintered alumina crowns (94.9%) and reinforced glass–ceramic crowns (93.7%) were similar to those obtained for metal–ceramic crowns. Furthermore, lower survival rates of 90.4% and 84.4% can be expected for InCeram crowns and glass–ceramic crowns when utilized for premolars and molars.
Is there a superiority of multimodal as opposed to simple therapy in patients with temporomandibular disorders? A qualitative systematic review of the literature
Authors: Türp Jens C. , Jokstad Asbjørn , Motschall Edith , Schindler Hans J. , Windecker‐Gétaz Isabelle , Ettlin Dominik A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Pain is the most common motivation for patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) to seek care. Therapeutic options range from patient education to joint surgery.Objectives: To conduct a systematic review of articles reporting on simple and multimodal management strategies in TMD patients. ‘Simple therapy’ was defined as care provided by a dentist, without using technical dental interventions, whereas ‘multimodal’ refers to at least two different modalities. We followed the null hypothesis of no difference between these two approaches.Material and methods: A systematic search was carried out in the following databases: Ovid® Medline (1966–2006), Cochrane Library (Issue 3/2006), and Science Citation Index (1945–2006). Subsequently, the reference lists of the identified articles were searched to find additional pertinent publications. We divided the study reports according to the main presenting symptom: (1) disc displacement without reduction, with pain; (2) TMD pain, without major psychological symptoms; and (3) TMD pain, with major psychological symptoms.Results: Eleven articles representing nine different clinical studies were identified. (1) In the disc displacement group with pain, multimodal therapy was not superior to explanation and advice. (2) A combination of occlusal appliance and biofeedback‐assisted relaxation/stress management was not significantly superior to either of these therapies after 6 months. Furthermore, brief information alone or combined with relaxation training or occlusal appliance, respectively, were equally efficacious at the 6‐month follow‐up. There was no superiority of multimodal therapy including splints as compared with simple care. A slightly better outcome was reported for a combination of education and home physical therapy regimen than for patient education alone. (3) In temporomandibular pain patients with major psychological disturbances, patients benefited more from a combined therapeutic approach compared with simple care.Conclusion: Current research suggests that individuals without major psychological symptoms do not require more than simple therapy. In contrast, patients with major psychological involvement need multimodal, interdisciplinary therapeutic strategies. The clinician's acceptance of the importance of psychological factors in TMD pain forms the platform for convincingly educating patients about the need for multimodal management.
The genetics of generalized vitiligo and associated autoimmune diseases
Authors: Spritz Richard A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryVitiligo is an acquired disorder in which patches of depigmented skin and often overlying hair, and mucous membranes, are the result of progressive autoimmune loss of melanocytes from the involved areas. Considered the most common pigmentary disorder, vitiligo involves complex interaction of environmental and genetic factors that ultimately contribute to melanocyte destruction, resulting in the characteristic depigmented lesions. In the past few years, studies of the genetic epidemiology of vitiligo have led to the recognition that generalized vitiligo is part of a broader autoimmune disease diathesis. Attempts to identify genes involved in susceptibility to generalized vitiligo have involved gene expression studies, genetic association studies of candidate genes, and genome‐wide linkage analyses to discover new genes. These studies have begun to yield results that shed light on the mechanisms of vitiligo pathogenesis. It is anticipated that the discovery of biological pathways of vitiligo pathogenesis will provide novel targets for future approaches to the treatment and prevention of vitiligo and its associated autoimmune diseases.
Antimicrobial effect of six endodontic sealers: an in vitro evaluation
Authors: Kaplan A. E. , Picca M. , Gonzalez M. I. , Macchi R. L. , Molgatini S. L. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract— The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro antimicrobial effect of six endodontic sealers after 2, 20 and 40 days.The sealers studied were Apexit, Endion, AH26, AH‐Plus, Procosol and Ketac Endo. The microorganisms used were Candida albicans, Stnphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces israelii. Petri dishes were filled with sterile agar and 0.1‐ml wells were prepared and filled with the sealers. The agar plates were stored for 24 h at 37°C. The samples were then removed, immersed in 4.5 ml of culture medium and divided into three groups. The samples in group 1 were stored for 2 days at 37°C whereas the samples of groups 2 and 3 were stored at 4°C for 20 and 40 days respectively. The samples were then removed and discarded, and 0.1 ml of the culture medium was seeded on the agar plates in order to perform colony forming unit counts. Apexit, Endion and AH‐Plus produced slight inhibition on Streptococcus mutans at 20 days and on Actinomyces israelii at every time interval. No effect was found on Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Ketac Endo only produced an antimicrobial effect on Actinomyces israelii at 2 and 40 days. AH26 and Procosol showed antimicrobial effect at 40 days on Candida albicans, at 20 and 40 days on Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus, and an effective inhibition on Actinomyces israelii at every time interval. Statistical analysis revealed both sealers and microorganisms to be significant factors affecting results in groups 2 and 3. In conclusion, the sealers evaluated in this study showed different inhibitory effects depending on time span. Overall, sealers containing eugenol and formaldehyde proved to be most effective against the microorganisms at the time intervals studied.
Influence of several factors on the success or failure of removal of fractured instruments from the root canal
Authors: Hülsmann M. , Schinkel I. 
Published: June 2007

Hulsmann M, Schinkel I. Influence of several factors on the success or failure of removal of fractured instruments from the root canal. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999; 15: 252–258. © Munksgaard, 1999.Abstract — The influence of several factors on the success rate of removal procedures of fractured endodontic instruments was evaluated postoperatively. In 105 teeth with 113 fragments removal attempts were undertaken using a wide range of techniques and instruments. All cases were analyzed with special regard to the following factors: type of tooth and root canal, site of fragment in relation to root canal curvature, length of fragment, and type of fractured instrument. Success of treatment was defined as removal or complete bypassing of the fragment. Of 82 instruments in molars (maxillary: 32, mandibular: 50), 56 were removed or bypassed (max.: 26, mand.: 30). Of 16 fragments in premolars (max.: 12, mand.: 4), 8 could be removed or bypassed (max.: 6, mand.: 2). Of 14 fragments in canines and incisors (max.: 7, mand.: 7), 13 could be removed completely (max.: 6, mand.: 7). When the fragment was localized before the curvature 2 of 18 cases failed, when localized inside the curvature 13 of 31 cases failed and when localized beyond the curvature 15 of 33 cases failed. Anatomical factors favorable for removal were: straight canals, incisors and canines, localization before the curvature, length of fragment more than 5 mm, localization in the coronal or mesial third of the root canal, reamer or lentulo spirales. In molars removal procedures were most successful in the palatal canals of maxillary molars.
Ultrasonic root‐end preparation with smooth and diamond‐coated tips
Authors: Zuolo M. L. , Perin F. R. , Ferreira M. O. F. , de Faria F. P. 
Published: June 2007

Zuolo ML, Perin FR, Ferreira MOF, Faria FP. Ultrasonic root‐end preparation with smooth and diamond‐coated tips. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999; 15: 265–268. © Munksgaard, 1999.Abstract — The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of smooth and diamond‐coated ultrasonic retrotips on the external and internal surfaces of root‐end preparations with the aid of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Forty‐four mesial roots of human mandibular molars were selected. The canals were cleaned, shaped and obturated using gutta‐percha and sealer. The apical portions were resected at a 45°‐angle bevel exposing both mesial canals and the isthmus area. The roots were then divided into two groups according to the type of root‐end preparation: Group A —performed with smooth retrotips (S) and Group B — performed with diamond‐coated retrotips (DC). The specimens were coded and prepared for SEM evaluation. Observations of the external surface preparation showed that the S and DC retrotips produced very well‐centered cavities involving both canals and isthmus area with minimal deviations and no perforative defects. When the internal surface of the root‐end preparations was evaluated, it was evident that the use of S retrotips resulted in clean canal walls with little superficial debris and smear layer. Internal canal surfaces done with DC retrotips were irregular showing patent grooves, in contrast with the more uniform, regular and smoother surfaces when S retrotips were employed.
Inflammatory and replacement resorption in reimplanted permanent incisor teeth: a study of the characteristics of 84 teeth
Authors: Kinirons M. J. , Boyd D. H. , Gregg T. A. 
Published: June 2007

Kinirons MJ, Boyd DH, Gregg TA. Inflammatory and replacement resorption in reimplanted permanent incisor teeth: a study of the profiles of 84 teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999; 15: 269–272. © Munksgaard, 1999.Abstract — Avulsion is a serious injury which can cause damage to some or all of the dental and surrounding tissues. This study examined the profiles of teeth showing inflammatory resorption, in terms of time prior to reimplantation, contamination, pulp extirpation time and period of splinting and compared them to teeth without resorption. There were a total of 71 children in the present study (mean age 9.8 years, range 6–16 years) with a total of 84 reimplanted teeth. Inflammatory resorption was present in 22 teeth. There was a significant relationship between the presence of inflammatory resorption and the time the teeth were dry prior to reimplantation, with a lesser effect for total delay time. There were slightly later pulp extirpation times for teeth with inflammatory resorption, with median delays of 16 and 11 days respectively and increased inflammatory resorption in teeth extirpated at 20 days or later. Replacement resorption was present in 40 teeth. There was a significantly longer splinting time in teeth with replacement resorption and more resorption in teeth splinted for longer than 10 days. It was concluded that pulp extirpation time was not critical unless the delay exceeded 20 days and that splinting time should not exceed 10 days.
Non‐vital immature permanent incisors: factors that may infIuence treatment outcome
Authors: Finucane D. , Kinirons M. J. 
Published: June 2007

Finucane D, Kinirons MJ. Non‐vital immature permanent incisors: factors that may influence treatment outcome. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999; 15: 273–277. © Munksgaard, 1999.Abstract — This study examines the treatment of non‐vital immature permanent incisors using the calcium hydroxide apexification tecnique. The objectives of the present study were to determine the speed and location of bamer formation and those factors discernible at presentation and during treatment which may be related to it. Forty‐four non‐vital immature incisors undergoing calcium hydroxide apexification were reviewed in detail. All cases were reviewed every 8–12 weeks for up to 18 months, or until apexification occurred. Details of the time and nature of the injuries and treatment were recorded. The degree of apical development prior to treatment was assessed, and barrier formation, location and time were noted. Mean time to barrier formation was 34.2 weeks (range 13–67 weeks). The strongest predictor of rapid barrier formation was the rate of change of calcium hydroxide and a barrier also formed more rapidly in cases with narrower initial apical width. There was evidence of displacement and a higher mean time for barrier formation in half of the cases. The presence of an abscess was the weakest predictor of rapid barrier formation and the effect was not significant (P=0.280). The barrier was located at the apex in 28 cases (63.6%) and the distance from the barrier to the apex for the remaining 16 (36.4%) varied from 1 mm to 5 mm. The number of placements of calcium hydroxide varied from 1 to 4 with a mean of 1.9, and there was a higher mean number of calcium hydroxide placements in the cases where the barrier was located at the apex.
The diagnostic accuracy of microbiologic root canal sampling and the influence of antimicrobial dressings
Authors: Reit C. , Molander A. , Dahlén G. 
Published: June 2007

Reit C, Molander A, Dahlén G. The diagnostic accuracy of microbiologic root canal sampling and the influence of antimicrobial dressings. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999; 15: 278–283.© Munksgaard, 1999.Abstract — The routine approach to endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis often involves an interappointment dressing with calcium hydroxide. However, investigations have demonstrated a negative influence of calcium hydroxide on the accuracy of microbiological root canal sampling (MRS). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the use of a fluid dressing like 5% iodine potassium iodide (IPI) would increase the accuracy of MRS. Following instrumentation of 50 teeth with radiographically verified apical periodontitis the root canals received IPI as an intra‐canal dressing. One week after closure canals were sampled, “test sample” (TS), and then left filled with sampling fluid and temporarily sealed. Seven days later a “gold standard” (GS) sample was obtained. Bacteria were recovered in 22 teeth (44%) in TS as well as in GS. Fifteen teeth (30%) were positive for growth in both samples. Using the detection level “very sparse growth” of microbes the sensitivity and specificity of MRS reached 68% and 75%, respectively. In an earlier study, following the same experimental protocol, but with calcium hydroxide as intracanal dressing, the corresponding values were 33% and 81%. In 25% of these cases bacteria persisted in the canals. As compared to calcium hydroxide, the use of IPI resulted in improved test accuracy, but loss of antibacterial capacity. Conclusively, intracanal dressings seem to vary in their influence on the microbiologic test performance as well as in their antibacterial efficacy. In a clinical situation the choice of interappointment dressing should include consideration of these potentially conflicting properties.
A comparison of laser Doppler flowmetry with other methods of assessing the vitality of traumatised anterior teeth
Authors: Evans D. , Reid J. , Strang R. , Stirrup D. 
Published: June 2007

Evans D, ReidJ, Strang R, Stirrups D. A comparison of laser Doppler flowmetry with other methods of assessing the vitality of traumatised anterior teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999; 15: 284–290. © Munksgaard, 1999.Abstract — Laser Doppler flowmetry is a non‐invasive electro‐optical technique which allows the semi‐quantitative recording of pulpal blood flow. This study aimed to determine the reliability (measured as the sensitivity and specificity) of laser Doppler flowmetry as a method of assessing the vitality of traumatised anterior teeth, and to compare it with standard pulpal diagnostic tests. Recordings of pulpal blood flow were taken from 67 non‐vital anterior teeth (55 patients), where the pulpal status was confirmed by pulpectomy. For comparison, recordings were also taken from 84 vital anterior teeth (84 patients). Analysis of the recordings allowed diagnostic criteria to be developed which gave the technique a sensitivity and specificity of 1.0 for this sample. None of the other standard pulpal diagnostic methods tested was as reliable. This was usually due to low sensitivities, which ranged between 0.92 for sensibility testing with ethyl chloride down to 0.36 for periapical radio‐lucency and 0.16 for a history of pain. Laser Doppler flowmetry was found to be a reliable method of assessing the pulpal status of traumatised anterior teeth, although it is technique‐sensitive and time‐consuming to use.