bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal thickness values in case of patients who underwent lamellar keratoplasty using various evaluation techniques.
Authors: JANISZEWSKA D , WYLEGALA E , DOBROWOLSKI D , MILKA M 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To analyze results of pachymetric measurements in patients after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) using three techniques of pachymetry estimation. Methods For the study 35 eyes after various lamellar keratoplasty were qualified. 20 eyes they who underwent DSEK (12 women and 8 men) and 15 after DALK (9 men and 6 women). The subjects age ranged from 23 to 92 years old (mean 45.0.1 years). The follow‐up ranged from 9 to 31 months (mean 16.8 months). Patients underwent routine DSEK and DALK, using “big bubble” technique, surgery. Pachymetric values were achieved using three devices: ultrasonic pachymeter, specular microscope, Anterior Segment OCT. Pachymetric outcomes were analyzed and compared. Results Total corneal thickness in case of patients who underwent DSEK surgery using ultrasound pachymeter ranged from 581 to 829µm (672.4 ± 89.1), specular microscope registered values from 518 to 719µm (575.4 ± 78.3), OCT Visante ranged from 575 to 911µm (690± 122.1). Total corneal thickness in patients who underwent DALK surgery using ultrasound pachymeter ranged from 382 to 571µm (487 ± 76.8), specular microscope registered values from 380 to 481µm (427 ± 84.2), OCT Visante ranged from 379 to 569µm (439± 143.1). Corneal thickness values received with the use of ultrasound and OCT values significantly differed form obtained using specular microscope. Conclusion Specular microscope seems to omit graft thickness in corneal pachymetry evaluation, also pachymetric outcomes are underrated, even though is able to calculate endothelial cell density in patients who underwent lamellar keratoplasty.
Factors influencing the outcome of the treatment of allograft corneal graft rejection
Authors: PERERA CM , JHANJI V , BELTZ J , LAMOUREUX E , POLLOCK G , VAJPAYEE RB 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To identify clinical characteristics of patients which influence the outcome of treatment of allograft corneal graft rejection. Methods A retrospective chart review of 197 cases of corneal graft rejections was undertaken at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne over a period of ten years from 1997‐2007. Cases were divided into two groups according to the response to the treatment after allograft corneal rejection. Main parameters evaluated were demographic characteristics, primary indication of corneal graft and preoperative donor characteristics. Results Corneal graft rejection was successfully treated in 163 cases and 34 cases failed to respond to therapy. Both the groups were age (p=0.12) and sex‐matched (p=0.85). Keratoconus was more common as the primary indication for corneal graft in the group that had good response to the treatment (19% vs 5.9%; p= 0.08). Cases that failed to respond to treatment had higher number of recipient grafts > 9mm (9.4% vs 1.3%; p=0.04). Preoperative corneal neovascularization (adjusted odds ratio aOR= 4.8, p=0.03), and corneal edema at presentation of rejection episode (aOR=5.2, p=0.01) were associated with treatment failure. Conclusion Preoperative corneal neovascularization and corneal edema were found to be associated with failure of treatment in cases with allograft corneal graft rejection.
Acute effects of the sigma‐ receptor agonist on human lens epithelial cells
Authors: KARLSSON JO , JONHEDE S , PETERSEN A , ZETTERBERG M 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the sigma‐2 receptor agonist, Siramesine, on morphology, growth, cell death, lysosomal function and effects on extra‐lysosomal proteolytic systems in human lens epithelial cells. Methods Human lens epithelial cells in culture were exposed to siramesine and examined for morphological changes using Nomarski optics or calcein. Lysosomes were evaluated using acridine orange and MagicRed. Nuclear morphology was studied using Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide. Enzymatic activities in living cells or cell lysates were studied using different fluorogenic substrates. Results Siramesine at low concentrations increased the cytoplasmic proteolytic activity of the proteasome and the calpain system. Effects was also observed with respect to lysosomal morphology, acidity and function. Activation of caspase‐3 and the appearance of nuclei with an apoptotic morphology were also found. Conclusion Siramesine at low concentrations affects lens epithelial cells with perturbation of the major proteolytic systems, lysosomal morphology and results in caspase activation and cell death. Siramesine may be a promising substance for clinical studies concerning the treatment of PCO.
In vivo assessment of blue light attenuation of the crystalline lens and tinted and not tinted intraocular lenses
Authors: KONTADAKIS GA , TSIKA CI , PLAINIS S , MAKRIDAKI M , MOSCHANDREAS I , TSILIMBARIS MK 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To compare lens absorption in vivo, as estimated by blue light luminance perception, of patients with tinted IOLs versus patients with clear IOLs, and with their status before cataract surgery. Methods We tested 43 patients with variant density of nuclear senile cataract (18 had 0 to 1+ and 25 more than 1+), before and after lens extraction and IOL implantation. 21 received clear IOL and 22 the AcrySof® Natural (Alcon). The absorption of blue light was assessed by measuring the parafoveal relative sensitivity of blue‐green radiation using Heterochromatic Flicker Photometry (MPS 9000 QuantifEYETM, ZeaVision©). Results Preoperative results indicate that blue light attenuation is increasing with age. The postoperative results show that tinted IOLs absorb significantly more compared to clear IOLs (p<0.001). The difference in postoperative absorption with tinted IOLs from preoperative status was not statistically signifficant (p=0.3), and in the group of patients with 0 to 1+ cataract density the preoperative with the postoperative absorption was similar (p=0.941). On the contrary, the absorption of clear IOLs was significantly reduced postoperatively in the low cataract density group (p<0.001) and also in the total group of patients (p<0.001). Conclusion The tint may simulate the aged crystalline lens of patients with low cataract density in blue light attenuation.This may offer protection to the retina from the photochemical damage caused by high energy short wavelength radiation.
Comparison of parameters in cataract surgery between coaxial microincision and standard coaxial incision
Authors: GEORGET M , CARDON A , FAVARD A , CONTOUR S , ABID M , PISELLA PJ 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To compare the outcomes of coaxial microincision cataract surgery (C‐MICS) versus standard coaxial cataract surgery. Methods In a prospective study, 60 eyes of 30 patients with corticonuclear cataract were selected to have a crystalline lens extraction through a temporal clear corneal incision using either C‐MICS (30 eyes) or standard coaxial cataract surgery (30 eyes). C‐MICS was performed through a 1.8 mm incision, and coaxial standard cataract surgery through a 3 mm incision. In all cases, hydrophilic intraocular lens was implanted. Collected parameters during the surgery were total surgical time, ultrasound time, and total balanced salt solution used. Preoperative and postoperative parameters collected were refraction, visual acuity, slit lamp exams and endothelial cell counts with corneal thickness evaluation. Results There was no significant difference in postoperative parameters between the 2 groups. On the other hand, there was a significantly lengthening of surgical total time and ultrasound time in MICS group. Conclusion Although ultrasound and total surgical time were significantly higher in coaxial microincision cataract surgery, this technique appears to be as safe and efficient than standard coaxial cataract surgery.
Molecular genetic information ‐ impact on the family
Authors: CHURCHILL A 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis talk will focus on the impact being given a diagnosis of genetic eye disease has on families. The first part will consider ways in which information can be given and received using examples, including questions that arise from knowing this information and issues surrounding confidentiality and consent. The second part of the talk will concentrate on issues surrounding predictive and pre‐natal genetic testing using examples from our Genetic Eye Clinic.
Doctor, my baby doesn't fix and follow
Authors: LEROY BP 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To describe the phenotypes and genotypes of genetically determined disease leading to either abnormalities of, or complete absence of visual development in the first few years of life. Methods A case presentation format will be used to illustrate different genetically determined conditions leading to delayed or absent visual development. Both clinical and electrophysiological phenotypes as well as genotypes will be discussed. Results Phenotypes and genotypes of genetically determined diseases leading to delayed or absent visual development are very different. An important distinction to be made is the one between stationary and progressive diseases. Indeed, such distinction is important as the visual outcome varies considerably between those different conditions. Conclusion Very diverse conditions may give rise to genetically determined abnormal visual development. Genetics and visual electrophysiology allows an important distinction between progressive and stationary conditions.
The effect of UVA and UVB irradiation of the rabbit cornea on matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 expression in the corneal epithelium
Authors: ARDAN T , CEJKOVA J 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) synthetisized by corneal cells are primarily responsible for degrading and remodeling corneal stromal extracellular matrix. They participate in various pathophysiological processes in the cornea, including corneal wound healing and ocular diseases. Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of UVA and UVB rays on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP‐2 and MMP‐9) in the corneal epithelium. Methods In the first group of rabbits the corneas were irradiated with UVA lamp (365 nm, once a day during 4 days, a dose per day 1.01 J/cm2 ). In the second group of rabbits the corneas were irradiated with UVB lamp (312 nm, once a day during 4 days, a dose per day 1.01 J/cm2). Matrix metalloproteinases MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were examined on cryostat sections immunohistochemically using mouse monoclonal anti‐MMP‐2 and anti‐MMP‐9 antibodies. Results Immunohistochemical examination showed that UVA rays did not change the expression of MMPs studied in the corneal epithelium. In contrast, UVB rays induced the increased expression of MMPs in corneal epithelial cells. From both enzymes investigated in corneas irradiated with UVB rays the expression of MMP‐9 was more pronounced than the expression of MMP‐2. Conclusion Comparing the effect of the same doses of UVA and UVB rays on the normal rabbit cornea, UVB rays /not UVA rays/ evoked the increased expression of MMPs in the corneal epithelium. To investigate the importance of these findings is the aim of our next study.
Atypical inflammatory lesions in the orbit and adnexae
Authors: BRISCOE D , TON Y , KIDRON D 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose The common use of an initial systemic steroid treatment trial in orbital and adnexal inflammatory disease is now more questionable and used less frequently. The increased availability of specialized oculoplastic and orbital surgeons has enabled us to biopsy masses of the orbit routinely in recent years. As a result unusual pathology appears more commonly than expected in previous years. We reviewed the diagnosis and presentation of unusual inflammatoty lesions of the orbit biopsied over the past 8 years in our oculoplastic and orbital clinic. Some interesting representative cases are presented. Methods A search of the operation register and recorded diagnosis of pathology specimens was carried out and a retrospective review was made of all patients with unusual orbital inflammatory lesions presenting at the oculoplastic surgical service in Meir Medical Center between 1999 and 2008. All cases had CT imaging of the orbits and underwent biopsy of the lesion. Pathology examination was performed on all specimens following biopsy. Results There were 5 cases of non caseating granulomas in the Orbit, 1 case of Churg Strausse syndrome, 2 cases of lymphoid hyperplasia, 1 case of infectious mononucleosis dacryoadenitis, 2 cases of Eosinophillic Granuloma, 1 case of malignant schwannoma, 2 cases of angiolymphoid hyperplasia, 1 case of Sclerosing type idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease and 1 orbital abscess with an unusual presentation Conclusion We recommend biopsy of all orbital inflammatory masses before beginning treatment with steroids. Unusual pathology is more likely than expected and may have significant implications for the well being of patients.
Temperature‐ and osmosensing by the human corneal endothelium through activation of TRPV channels
Authors: MERGLER S , VALTINK M , ENGELMANN K , PLEYER U 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose The human corneal endothelium is essential for the physiology and transparency of the cornea. This is sustained by a number of different regulatory mechanisms and response to various stimuli. Exposure to hypotonic challenge and temperature changes may have major impact. This study was undertaken to identify such possible stimuli pathways in human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC). Methods The functional expression of putative temperature‐ and osmosensing ion channels was investigated by measurements of intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) with fura‐2 and automated patch‐clamping (microchip technology). Highly selective agents were used to identify TRPV channel subtypes in an immortalized HCEC population (HCEC‐SV40) and two subcloned cell lines (H9C1, B4G12). Results The TRPV1 selective agonist capsaicin (20 µM) increased [Ca2+]i and non‐selective cation channel outward currents. Cells pre‐treated with the antagonist capsazepine (10 µM) did not show any Ca2+ responses. Similar results were obtained with the TRPV4 selective agonist 4α‐PDD (5 µM) and the TRP channel blocker ruthenium red (10 µM). In addition, exposure to hypotonic challenge (150 mOsm) led to an increase in [Ca2+]i whereas the isotonic baseline (control) was stable. Furthermore, temperature rises from room temperature to 40‐43 °C led to an increase in [Ca2+]i in HCEC‐SV40 and H9C1. Conclusion There is functional expression of TRPV channels in HCEC. Therefore, these cells are able to react to temperature rises by activating of TRPV channels. In particular, TRPV1 and TRPV4 may be functionally expressed which are known as heat receptor and osmosensor respectively. These findings may have direct clinical implication (eye banking procedures, keratoplasty).
Refractive changes after pterygium surgery
Authors: MATEO OROBIA AJ , IBANEZ J , LAFUENTE N , PEREZ D , PEIRO C , DEL BUEY MA , CRISTOBAL JA 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To study the relationship between pterygium size (extension, width) and corneal astigmatism in eyes with unilateral primary pterygium. To evaluate the effect of successful pterygium surgery on corneal topography Methods Computerized corneal topography was performed on 105 eyes with pterygium before and 3 months after successful excision and limbo‐conjunctival autograft surgery. Results The degree of corneal astigmatism significantly correlated with the extension of pterygium on the cornea. With‐the‐rule astigmatism was the more frecuently finding. Conclusion Corneal topographic changes caused by the pterygium are almost reversible after surgical treatment. Successful pterygium surgery significantly reduces topographic astigmatism, SRI, SAI, and corneal flattening. However, precise prediction of these refractive changes is not always accurate.
Confocal microscopy after descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK): morphological findings in short term follow up
Authors: SAVASTANO A , SBORDONE S , PICCIRILLO V , FORTE R , TAMBURRINI L , SAVASTANO MC , SAVASTANO S 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the clinical findings, visual outcomes, and confocal microscopic corneal features after DSAEK in Fuchs endothelial dystrophy. Methods A 70‐year‐woman patient with pseudophakia and Fuchs endothelial dystrophy underwent small‐incision DSAEK surgery. Best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was 1.30 (20/400) logMAR (Snellen) before treatment. Confocal scanning microscope (ConfoScan 4, Nidek Technologies, Padova, Italy) was performed before surgery procedure, after 7 days, at 1 and 6 months after DSAEK. Images of corneal structures, including endothelium, donor and recipient stroma were obtained. Endothelium density was evaluated using manual count and 40x probe. Results BSCVA improved at 0.3 (20/40) log MAR (Snellen) at 6 months. No astigmatism change was recorded at the end of follow‐up. Endothelial cell density was about 850 cells/mm2 after 6 months surgery procedure. Interface and donor stroma reflectivity were highest at 7 days showing progressive decrease over time. Conclusion The DSAEK procedure represents a promising alternative to conventional penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for patients with Fuchs’ dystrophy. Confocal microscopy is able to detect precise evaluation of corneal features, interface morphologic characteristics and reflectivity to improve therapeutic choice and to understand the pathophysiology of visual recovery.
Donor tissue detachment after descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK): a 35 mhz probe ubm study
Authors: SAVASTANO A , SBORDONE S , VALERIO P , FORTE R , TAMBURRINI L , SAVASTANO S 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the UBM role in cases of donor lamella detachment after DSAEK using a 35 MHz probe and immersion technique. Methods Two patients ,a 68 yo woman and a 70 yo man,underwent to uncomplicated DSAEK for bullous keratopathy.An initial corneal clearing was observed in the first 48 hours followed by a progressive increase of corneal oedema causing a difficult evaluation of donor lamella and anterior chamber structures. In one case,an acute glaucoma occurred.Ecographic evaluation was performed with 35 MHz probe and immersion technique(Hi Scan Ecographer,Optikon 2000,Rome,Italy ).Six scans centered on the cornea and 30 degrees angled were aquired in order to obtain a topographic map. Results UBM allowed to distinguish between two morphological patterns according to donor lamella’s position: partial detachment(PD)(double chamber appearance without lammela’s dislocation)or total detachment(TD)if associated to donor graft dislocation. In the case complicated by acute glaucoma , a pupillary block caused by a PD was seen.The main UBM findings were:donor lamella tickening with high hyporeflectivity of recipient stroma due to oedema . Conclusion The donor lamella detachment is the main complication of DSAEK procedure . Posterior lamella and anterior chamber evaluation may be difficult in this cases due to corneal oedema.UBM allows to distinguish between partial and total detachment of posterior lamella and main related complications;trought a topographic map,it offers informations usephul to the reattachment surgical strategy.
Ultrastructural organisation of arthritis corneal stroma
Authors: AKHTAR S , ALMUBRAD TM , OGBUEHI KC , BONSHEK RB 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Normal corneal stroma consists of uniformly organised collagen fibrils regulated by corneal proteoglycans. The focus of the study is the ultrastructural organisations of the collagen fibrils and proteoglycans in patients suffering with corneal melting due to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Corneas of two patients (ages 50 & 61 years) suffering from RA were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde containing cuprolinic blue in sodium acetate buffer. The tissue were dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol and embedded and polymerised in spurs resin. The sections were studied under an electron microscope. Results The epithelial cells were degenerated and Bowman’s layer was replaced by fibrous pannus containing large abnormal proteoglycans and lucent spaces. In the stroma, longitudinally running collagen fibrils were curled and fused to each other. In cross section, collagen fibrils were not rounded and were separated with large spacings. Large proteoglycans and lucent spaces were present throughout stroma. The Descemet’s membrane was followed by posterior collagenous layer. Degenerated keratocytes were present in the pannus and throughout the stroma. Conclusion The collagen fibrils and proteoglycans were severely degenerated which resulted in the disorganisation of the corneal stroma. We believed that due to the disease, alteration in keratan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate might occur which possibly affected the structure of the corneal proteoglycans (lumican, keratocan and mimican) which were responsible for the collagen fibrils organisation.
Analysis of visual outcome with rigid contact lenses in keratoconic eyes
Authors: KOPITO R , WAJEMAN S , GAUJOUX T , TOUZEAU O , LAROCHE L 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To analyze the variation of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) obtained with rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses in keratoconic eyes compared to best spectacle‐corrected visual acuity (BSCVA). Methods We prospectively recorded visual acuity data (BSCVA and BCVA with RGP), subjective refraction, keratometric readings and lens geometry in 135 eyes of 78 patients with keratoconus. Acuity data was converted into LogMAR units for statistical analysis. BSCVA was compared to BCVA with RGP lenses, and the differences were correlated with all parameters. Results The decimal BSCVA and decimal BCVA with RGP lenses was 0.36 (0.44 LogMAR, 20/56) and 0.70 (0.15 LogMAR, 20/29), respectively. The mean difference after RGP lens fitting was +2.83 lines ±2.55 (range 0‐11.6). The gain was superior to 1 line in 70%, 3 lines in 40% and 6 lines in 16%. The difference was correlated with the BSCVA (rS=0.90 p<0.001), mean keratometry (rS=0.33 p<0.001), subjective cylinder (rS=0.26; p<0.001). The difference remained unaffected by age and sex (p≥0.31). The difference was correlated with the lens radius rO (rS=0.27; p=0.002) and the lens power (rS=0.25; p=0.003). The lens diameter did not affect the variation in visual acuity (rS= ‐0.04; p=0.62). Conclusion There was a significant increase in visual acuity with RGP lenses compared to BSCVA: the lower the initial BSCVA, the better the gain with RPG lenses. The gain was independent of the patients’ age. The eccentricity of the keratoconus did not influence the visual outcome with RGP lenses.