bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of interactions between barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) genotypes and Orobanche species
Authors: Fernández‐Aparicio M. , Pérez‐de‐Luque A. , Prats E. , Rubiales D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA number of broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) are major threats for grain legumes in the Mediterranean area. Previous studies have shown very high levels of resistance to Orobanche crenata in Medicago truncatula with little variation among accessions hampering, therefore, its use for genetic analysis. In order to identify alternative systems for ulterior genetic and genomic analysis, we studied early stages of the interaction between M. truncatula accessions and a range of Orobanche species. We found significant differences in the induction of germination on Orobanche aegyptiaca, Orobanche foetida var. broteri, Orobanche minor, Orobanche nana and Orobanche ramosa seeds. Accessions also varied in the number of O. aegyptiaca, O. crenata, O. foetida var. broteri, O. nana and O. ramosa attachments supported. Applications of the synthetic germination stimulant GR24 increased the germination level of Orobanche cumana and O. minor. No attachments were observed for any of these species because of physical barriers typical of host resistance. On the contrary, increase of O. nana germination by GR24 led to an increase in number of attachments albeit the normal development of the nodules was stopped in a later stage. The genetic variation observed for induction of germination and subsequent attachment will be useful for isolating and characterising genes involved in early stages of Orobanche–host plant interaction and for the study of the biosynthetic pathways of production of germination stimulants.
The effect of anticoagulant, storage temperature and dilution on cord blood hematology parameters over time
Authors: FREISE K. J. , SCHMIDT R. L. , GINGERICH E. L. , VENG‐PEDERSEN P. , WIDNESS J. A. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryThe objective of the study was to determine whether selected hematologic parameters measured on umbilical cord blood samples using an automated hematology analyzer (Sysmex XE‐2100) were affected by (i) anticoagulant (the specimens were collected in EDTA vs. sodium heparin), (ii) temperature (the specimens were maintained at 4° C vs. room temperature for up to 72 h) and (iii) 1 : 5 dilution vs. undiluted using the manufacturer’s diluting solution. Use of heparin, instead of EDTA, had little effect on the hematologic results (n = 8) except for lower platelet and progenitor cell counts. Results were remarkably stable for 72 h at either room temperature or 4° C except for modest red blood cell swelling at 24 h. Specimens of blood diluted at 1 : 5 had an immediate small, but significant change on white cell count (+13.3%), reticulocyte count (−11.2%) and reticulocyte hemoglobin content (−19.6%). Diluted samples did not change further over 4 h at room temperature. With a 1 : 5 dilution, analysis of 40 μl of cord blood stored for 3 days at room temperature may provide useful hematologic information with little phlebotomy loss.
A Leak Localization Method of Pipeline by Means of Fluid Transient
Model
Authors: Kiuchi T. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
This paper describes a method for estimating the position of a detected leak by applying a fluid transient model to a real-time pipeline system. The method takes into account flow rate and pressure profiles along a pipeline in a transient condition based on an assumption of quasi-steady-state flow. The result of case studies using a hypothetical gas pipeline system shows that, even in a transient condition, the method gives a more accurate estimation of a leak position than conventional methods which do not consider flow rate or pressure profiles along a pipeline. The method is also applicable to a pipeline having consumer stations which cause abrupt changes of flow rate profile along the pipeline. Furthermore, the influence of instrument accuracy on the result of the method is examined. The result also shows the advantage of the method compared to the conventional methods.
Effects of Nozzle Orientation on the Structure and Emissions of Spray
Flames
Authors: Madanahalli A. V. , Gollahalli S. R. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
An experimental study of the effects of the orientation of the liquid fuel stream relative to the air stream from a twin fluid atomizer located in an open-jet wind tunnel is presented. The orientation angle was set at 0 (concurrent), 45, 90, 135, and 180 deg (directly opposed). At 45 and 90 deg, the flame length, the radiation emission, and the concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, and soot are higher than those at co-flow conditions. At 135 deg, all these quantities decrease markedly from their values at 90 deg and again increase when the fuel and air streams are directly opposed (180 deg). These changes are discussed in terms of the influx of air and recirculation of combustion products into the salient zones of the flame.
High-Power TSP Bits
Authors: Cohen J. H. , Maurer W. C. , Westcott P. A. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
This paper reviews a three-year R&D project to develop advanced TSP bits that can operate at power levels 5 to 10 times greater than those typically delivered by rotary rigs. These bits are designed to operate on advanced drilling motors that drill 3 to 6 times faster than rotary rigs. TSP bit design parameters that were varied during these tests include cutter size, shape, density, and orientation. Drilling tests conducted in limestone, sandstone, marble, and granite blocks showed that these optimized bits drilled many of these rocks at 500 to 1000 ft/hr (150 to 300 m/h), compared to 50 to 100 ft/hr (15 to 30 m/h) for roller bits. These tests demonstrated that TSP bits are capable of operating at the high speeds and high torques delivered by advanced drilling motors now being developed. These advanced bits and motors are designed for use in slim-hole and horizontal drilling applications.
Changes in Tetracycline Susceptibility of Enteric Bacteria following Switching to Nonmedicated Milk Replacer for Dairy Calves
Authors: Kaneene John B. , Warnick Lorin D. , Bolin Carole A. , Erskine Ronald J. , May Katherine , Miller RoseAnn 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT

A randomized intervention study was conducted to determine if discontinuing use of calf milk replacer medicated with oxytetracycline results in increased tetracycline susceptibility in
Salmonella
and
Campylobacter
spp. and
Escherichia coli
in dairy calves over a 12-month period. Dairy herds with enteric bacteria with known low tetracycline susceptibility were enrolled for the study. Fecal samples from preweaned calves and environmental samples were collected from eight dairy herds in Michigan and New York State. Samples were collected monthly for 3 months prior to and 12 months after four of the eight herds discontinued medicated milk replacer feeding.
Salmonella
and
Campylobacter
spp. and
E. coli
were isolated, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using automated broth microdilution. A total of 804 intervention and 1,026 control calf fecal samples and 122 intervention and 136 control environmental samples were collected for testing. No differences in owner-reported morbidity and mortality between treatment groups were seen. The intervention was significantly associated with increasing tetracycline susceptibility in
E. coli
and
Salmonella
. Tetracycline susceptibility increased in intervention herds for the first 3 months after switching to nonmedicated milk replacer but declined in subsequent months. Discontinuing the practice of feeding medicated milk replacers to calves increased tetracycline susceptibility in
E. coli
and
Salmonella
on dairy farms, without increasing cattle disease, but declines in effectiveness after 3 months suggest that other factors contribute to decreasing susceptibility on the farm.
Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 V Protein Inhibits Genome Replication by Binding to the L Protein: Possible Role in Promoting Viral Fitness
Authors: Nishio Machiko , Ohtsuka Junpei , Tsurudome Masato , Nosaka Tetsuya , Kolakofsky Daniel 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT
The human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV2) V protein plays important roles in inhibiting the host interferon response and promoting virus growth, but its role in hPIV2 replication and transcription is not clear. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing a negative-sense minigenomic construct of hPIV2 has been established by standard technology, with helper plasmids expressing the nucleocapsid protein (NP), phosphoprotein (P), and large RNA polymerase (L) protein, to examine the role of V protein. We found that the simultaneous expression of wild-type V protein in the minigenome system inhibited GFP expression, at least in part, by inhibiting minigenome replication. In contrast, expression of C terminally truncated or mutant hPIV2 V proteins had no effect. Moreover, the V protein of simian virus 41, the rubulavirus most closely related virus to hPIV2, also inhibited GFP expression, whereas that of PIV5, a more distantly related rubulavirus, did not. Using these other rubulavirus V proteins, as well as various mutant hPIV2 V proteins, we found that the ability of V protein to inhibit GFP expression correlated with its ability to bind to L protein via its C-terminal V protein-specific region, but there was no correlation with NP binding. A possible role for this inhibition of genome replication in promoting viral fitness is discussed.
Dose-response relationship between physical activity and mental health: the Scottish Health Survey
Authors: Hamer M , Stamatakis E , Steptoe A 
Published: April 2008

Objectives:Regular physical activity is thought to be associated with better mental health, although there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal amount and type of activity to achieve these benefits. The association between mental health and physical activity behaviours was examined among a representative sample of men and women from the Scottish Health Surveys.Methods:Self-reported physical activity was measured and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was administered in order to obtain information on current mental health. Participants were 19 842 men and women. Risk estimates per category of physical activity sessions per week were calculated using logistic regression models.Results:Psychological distress (based on a score of 4 or more on the GHQ-12) was evident in 3200 participants. Any form of daily physical activity was associated with a lower risk of psychological distress after adjustment for age, gender, social economic group, marital status, body mass index, long-standing illness, smoking and survey year (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.66, p<0.001). A dose-response relationship was apparent, with moderate reductions in psychological distress with less frequent activity (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.75). Different types of activities including domestic (housework and gardening), walking and sports were all independently associated with lower odds of psychological distress, although the strongest effects were observed for sports (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.82).Conclusion:Mental health benefits were observed at a minimal level of at least 20 min/week of any physical activity, although a dose-response pattern was demonstrated with greater risk reduction for activity at a higher volume and/or intensity.
Purification and properties of NAD(P)-independent polyol dehydrogenase complex from the plasma membrane ofGluconobacter oxydans
Authors: VanLare Ian J. , Claus G.W. 
Published: April 2008

Gluconobacter oxydans rapidly oxidizes many different polyhydroxy alcohols (polyols). Polyol oxidations are catalyzed by constitutively synthesized membrane-bound dehydrogenases directly linked to the electron transport chain. A polyol-oxidizing enzyme was isolated from the membranes of G. oxydans and tested for its ability to oxidize various substrates. The enzyme was composed of three subunits: a 67 kDa catalytic unit, a 46 kDa c-type cytochrome, and a 15 kDa subunit. The enzyme oxidized compounds containing three or more hydroxyl groups but did not oxidize mono-, di-, or cyclic alcohols; aldehydes; carboxylic acids; or mono- or di-saccharides. Therefore, we propose this enzyme be considered a polyol dehydrogenase.
Increases in microbial nitrogen production and efficiency in vitro with three inhibitors of ruminal methanogenesis
Authors: Ungerfeld E.M. , Rust S.R. , Burnett R. 
Published: April 2008

It was hypothesized that the addition of crotonic acid or 3-butenoic acid would relieve constraints in digestibility observed when methane formation is inhibited by lumazine, propynoic acid, or ethyl 2-butynoate. In six incubations, one of the three methanogenesis inhibitors, at three different concentrations, was combined with either crotonic acid or 3-butenoic acid at two different concentrations. A mixture of buffer and ruminal fluid (4:1) was incubated with grass hay in Erlenmeyer flasks for 72 h. Initial concentrations were 0, 0.6, and 1.2 mmol/L for lumazine; 0, 2, and 4 mmol/L for propynoic acid; and 0, 4, and 8 mmol/L for ethyl 2-butynoate. 15Nitrogen (N) incorporation was used as a microbial marker. All three methanogenesis inhibitors decreased proteolysis. Propynoic acid and ethyl 2-butynoate at 8 mmol/L also decreased the digestibility of organic matter and neutral detergent fibre. However, all three inhibitors of methanogenesis increased the production of microbial N through an improvement of synthetic efficiency. Crotonic acid and 3-butenoic acid were generally ineffective in compensating digestibility decreases caused by the inhibitors of methanogenesis. It is of interest to elucidate the mechanisms by which these compounds increased the efficiency of microbial N production. Lumazine and the addition of low levels of ethyl 2-butynoate could potentially benefit animal production by lowering methane emissions, decreasing ruminal proteolysis, and increasing microbial N production without affecting organic matter digestibility.
High proportions of nonpathogenic Streptomyces are associated with common scab-resistant potato lines and less severe disease
Authors: Wanner Leslie A. 
Published: April 2008

Streptomyces isolates were obtained from potato tubers with common scab lesions from 2 fields over a 3 year period in Minnesota and a 5 year period in Maine. Isolates were obtained from different potato cultivars or breeding lines and types of scab lesions. A majority of isolates could be classified as putative pathogens based on the presence of genes for biosynthesis of the pathogenicity determinant, thaxtomin, but large numbers of streptomycetes lacking genes for thaxtomin biosynthesis (presumably nonpathogenic) were also recovered. Most Streptomyces isolates recovered from raised and pitted lesions were pathogens, whereas mostly nonpathogenic isolates were recovered from unblemished potato skin or nonscab lesions. Fewer pathogenic than nonpathogenic isolates were recovered from the most resistant potato lines. The proportion and diversity of nonpathogenic isolates recovered was higher in Maine than in Minnesota. The association between greater numbers of nonpathogenic Streptomyces and less severe common scab suggests that the interaction between plant genotype and Streptomyces microbial community is important in determining the severity of common scab on potato, and emphasizes the role of complex interactions between plants and microbial populations on and near plant roots in plant disease outcomes.
Microbial development in distillers wet grains produced during fuel ethanol production from corn (Zea mays)
Authors: Lehman R. Michael , Rosentrater Kurt A. 
Published: April 2008

Distillers grains are coproduced with ethanol and carbon dioxide during the production of fuel ethanol from the dry milling and fermentation of corn grain, yet there is little basic microbiological information on these materials. We undertook a replicated field study of the microbiology of distillers wet grains (DWG) over a 9 day period following their production at an industrial fuel ethanol plant. Freshly produced DWG had a pH of about 4.4, a moisture content of about 53.5% (wet mass basis), and 4 × 105 total yeast cells/g dry mass, of which about 0.1% were viable. Total bacterial cells were initially below detection limits (ca. 106 cells/g dry mass) and then were estimated to be ∼5 × 107 cells/g dry mass during the first 4 days following production. Culturable aerobic heterotrophic organisms (fungi plus bacteria) ranged between 104 and 105 CFU/g dry mass during the initial 4 day period, and lactic acid bacteria increased from 36 to 103 CFU/g dry mass over this same period. At 9 days, total viable bacteria and yeasts and (or) molds topped 108 CFU/g dry mass and lactic acid bacteria approached 106 CFU/g dry mass. Community phospholipid fatty acid analysis indicated a stable microbial community over the first 4 days of storage. Thirteen morphologically distinct isolates were recovered, of which 10 were yeasts and molds from 6 different genera, 2 were strains of the lactic-acid-producing Pediococcus pentosaceus and only one was an aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, Micrococcus luteus . The microbiology of DWG is fundamental to the assessment of spoilage, deleterious effects (e.g., toxins), or beneficial effects (e.g., probiotics) in its use as feed or in alternative applications.
Vibrio parahaemolyticuselevates interferon alpha production in intestinal-like epithelial Caco-2 cells
Authors: Lian Xin , Takahashi Akira , Nakano Masayuki , Hori Emiko , Mawatari Kazuaki , Harada Nagakatsu , Hosaka Toshio , Nakaya Yutaka 
Published: April 2008

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of gastroenteritis from seafood consumption. We tried to determine how the gene expression levels of intestinal-like epithelial cells (Caco-2 cells) and mouse intestinal loop mucosal cells change upon infection with this bacterium. Since we found the robust production of interferon alpha (IFN-α) by the V. parahaemolyticus infection, we also assessed the upregulation of a number of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). The expressions of IFN protein were determined by Western blotting, and the gene expressions of Caco-2 cells after V. parahaemolyticus infection were determined by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Three ISGs (i.e., IFN-α-inducible protein 15, IFN-α-inducible protein 6-16, and IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1) were upregulated by V. parahaemolyticus infection. Infection induced the production of IFN-α, but not IFN-β or IFN-γ. The upregulation of the 3 ISGs was suppressed by treatment with a neutralizing IFN-α antibody. Moreover, the production of infection-induced IFN-α was found in the mouse intestinal loop mucosal cells. V. parahaemolyticus infection of Caco-2 cells results in IFN-α production and the expression of IFN-regulated genes.
Discovery of crystalline inclusions in Bacillus licheniformis that resemble parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Yan Ming , Roehrl Michael H. , Wang Julia Y. 
Published: April 2008

Crystalline inclusions were discovered in stationary and sporulating cells of the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945a. As detected by electron microscopy, dying or sporulating bacterial cells contain a single crystal of strikingly large size. The crystals in sporulating cells are located next to nascent spores and can be several times larger than the spores. Morphologically, most crystals are rhomboid with uniformly spaced grids. These newly discovered crystalline inclusions of B. licheniformis closely resemble parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis that are formed by insecticidal toxin proteins and used widely as biopesticides. The taxonomic identity of this strain was verified by its 16S rRNA gene sequence and its fatty acid profile. The finding of crystal proteins in B. licheniformis may lead to the discovery of new protein toxins and may expand our pool of biopesticides.
Antifungal susceptibility of bloodstream yeasts isolated at a public children’s hospital in Brazil: comparison of the Etest® and the AFST–EUCAST microdilution method
Authors: Matsumoto Flávia E. , Dias Amanda L.T. , Melhem Márcia S.C. , Szeszs Maria W. , Auler Marcos E. , Ruiz Luciana S. , Gonçalves da Silva Ériques , Gandra Rinaldo F. , Paula Claudete R. 
Published: April 2008

This study compared the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results from the proposed standard methods of the Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee of the European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AFST–EUCAST) with the commercial system Etest® in the evaluation of susceptibility to flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B of 136 Candida spp. isolated from the blood of hospitalized children. The results presented a greater agreement among Etest® MICs ±2 log2 dilutions of AFST–EUCAST for fluconazole (98.1% and 96.3%) and voriconazole (100% and 100%) for Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis . For Candida glabrata , the agreement was greater only for fluconazole (81.8%) and voriconazole (100%). For amphotericin B, the agreement between the methods was low for all species. The agreement percentage among the Etest® and AFST–EUCAST susceptibility profiles was high according to the MIC breakpoints recommended by the M27-A2 protocol for the majority of the yeasts, except for fluconazole and itraconazole against Candida tropicalis and for itraconazole against C. glabrata and Candida krusei . According to both methodologies, a great number of Candida spp. isolates showed an in vitro susceptibility to all evaluated antifungal agents. Overall, both procedures can be reliable techniques for susceptibility tests of yeasts, but the assessment of interlaboratory agreement and correlation of MICs by different methods with in vivo response are of great importance.
ACC deaminase from plant growth-promoting bacteria affects crown gall development
Authors: Hao Youai , Charles Trevor C. , Glick Bernard R. 
Published: April 2008

In addition to the well-known roles of indoleacetic acid and cytokinin in crown gall formation, the plant hormone ethylene also plays an important role in this process. Many plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) encode the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, which can degrade ACC, the immediate precursor of ethylene in plants, to α-ketobutyrate and ammonia and thereby lower plant ethylene levels. To study the effect of ACC deaminase on crown gall development, an ACC deaminase gene from the PGPB Pseudomonas putida UW4 was introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58, so that the effect of ACC deaminase activity on tumour formation in tomato and castor bean plants could be assessed. Plants were also coinoculated with A. tumefaciens C58 and P. putida UW4 or P. putida UW4-acdS– (an ACC deaminase minus mutant strain). In both types of experiments, it was observed that the presence of ACC deaminase generally inhibited tumour development on both tomato and castor bean plants.