bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytoplasmic particles in hepatocytes of patients with Australia antigen-positive liver disease
Authors: Haynes Margaret E. , Haynes David W. G. , Williams Roger 
Published: June 2007

An electron microscope study was made of liver biopsy material obtained during life or shortly after death from 11 patients. In three of them, where serum was positive for Australia antigen (two had serum hepatitis and one active chronic hepatitis) the hepatocytes contained characteristic particles within membrane-bound cytoplasmic vesicles. The appearance of these particles was very similar to that of the Australia antigen particles found in the serum.Two sizes of cytoplasmic particles were observed, with average diameters of about 26 and 46 nm. Particles of both sizes often had a membrane-like outer component and a moderately electron-dense inner component. They differed in both size and structure from the mainly intranuclear particles described by previous authors and which were not found in the present patients. The nature of the vesicles containing the particles was not apparent.
Studies on the prekallikrein-bradykininogen system in liver disease
Authors: Stewart David , Blendis Laurence M. , Williams Roger 
Published: June 2007

The plasma prekallikrein-bradykininogen system was studied in 45 patients with chronic liver disease since its activation with increased liberation of kinin into the plasma could account for some of the clinical manifestations of cirrhosis, namely, vasodilatation, hypotension, and increased capillary permeability.A significant reduction in plasma bradykininogen was found in the cirrhotic patients as compared with control groups of normal subjects and hospital inpatients. The mean plasma prekallikrein was not significantly different and only five patients with liver disease had reduced levels. The most likely explanation for the low plasma bradykininogen was impairment of synthesis by the cirrhotic liver, the usually normal prekallikrein levels making the other possibility of increased activation of bradykininogen to bradykinin in the plasma less likely.
A comparison of the absorbed fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA-ABS) test and other screening tests for treponemal disease in patients attending a venereal disease clinic
Authors: Wilkinson A. E. , Scrimgeour G. , Rodin P. 
Published: June 2007

Screening tests—absorbed fluorescent treponemal (FTA-ABS), the Reiter protein complement-fixation (RPCFT), VDRL slide test, automated reagin—and cardiolipin Wassermann reaction—were carried out on 1922 consecutive new patients attending the Whitechapel Clinic over a three-month period.Taking the FTA-ABS test results as an index, the most efficient combination of conventional tests was found to be the RPCFT and automated reagin test. The cardiolipin WR proved to be under-sensitive and of little value compared with the other tests.Forty-two per cent of the 107 sera reactive in the FTA-ABS test were not detected by the RPCFT or ART tests. An assessment based on the TPI test results and clinical findings in these patients is presented.The scope and limitations of the FTA-ABS test as a screening procedure are discussed.
Weight of the left and right ventricle of the heart during fetal life
Authors: Hislop Alison , Reid Lynne 
Published: June 2007

The hearts from 31 fetuses aged from 12 to 40 weeks' gestation were dissected after fixation. The right ventricle and the left ventricle plus septum were weighed separately and a ratio was established. The total and separate ventricular weights increase steadily with age and at a similar rate. Throughout fetal life the left ventricle plus septum is larger than the right ventricle, but the right ventricle forms a greater proportion of the total ventricular weight than it does in the child or the adult.For the first time, a table of normal fetal heart weights and ratios obtained using the method of Fulton, Hutchinson, and Jones (1952) is presented.
A modified rapid slide test for anti-streptolysin O
Authors: Ingram G. B. P. , Hughes J. E. P. 
Published: June 2007

This paper describes the modification of a commercially available rapid slide screening test1for anti-streptolysin O to give quantitative results. The modified technique is compared with the long-established haemolytic technique of Rantz and Randall (1945).The quantitative results for both techniques are shown to be comparable. The modified slide test offers the advantage of saving time and labour.
Amyloid goitre
Authors: James P. D. 
Published: June 2007

Amyloid goitre is a rare manifestation of amyloidosis; about 50 cases have been recorded and this paper adds a further six cases, the first to be described from Uganda. The condition has to be distinguished from the more common types of goitre, and histological differentiation from medullary carcinoma may be difficult with small biopsies.Irrespective of an underlying cause, the distribution of amyloidosis in Uganda resembles the classical secondary type, and the findings in 81 cases confirm this. The age of onset of the primary type is earlier than seen elsewhere and it is possible that these variations result from immune depression following malnutrition or endemic infectious diseases.
A clinical and experimental study of platelet function in chronic renal failure
Authors: Evans E. P. , Branch R. A. , Bloom A. L. 
Published: June 2007

Coagulation and platelet function studies were performed on 24 normal subjects and 29 patients with chronic renal failure due to various causes. Thrombocytopenia was uncommon in the uraemic patients but there was reduced platelet retention in glass bead columns and platelet aggregation with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thrombin was slower and less complete than normal. The rate of platelet disaggregation in uraemic patients was significantly reduced. The abnormalities tended to be more severe in more uraemic subjects. In normal subjects no inter-relationships were observed between the various measurements of platelet activity. In patients there were significant interrelationships between the measurements of platelet aggregation with ADP and thrombin and between the measurements of aggregation and retention in glass bead columns. It is suggested that if a common pathway is involved in these reactions it is adversely affected in uraemia.Plasma coagulation defects were uncommon and present in only five of the uraemic subjects. Impaired prothrombin consumption apparently due to defective platelet function was present in half the patients but was not detected by a kaolin activation method. Although platelet coagulation function was activated during ADP aggregation and disaggregation in normal and uraemic subjects, it did not correlate in the latter with impairment of aggregation. It is suggested that aggregation and activation of platelet coagulant activity are not necessarily related aspects of platelet function. An effect of uraemic plasma on normal platelets was demonstrated by mixing experiments consistent with a humoral cause for the uraemic platelet defects.
The erythrasma microorganismin situ:studies using the skin surface biopsy technique
Authors: Marks R. , Ramnarain N. D. , Bhogal B. , Moore N. T. 
Published: June 2007

The skin surface biopsy technique has been used to investigate the erythrasma organismin situin the stratum corneum in 11 patients. Staining by PAS and Gram stain showed the presence of a large number of organisms arranged haphazardly in some areas and in microcolonies in others. With the scanning electron microscope it was possible to see that smooth filamentous chains of microorganisms had penetrated horn cells and caused disturbance of the surface structure of these cells.Enzyme histochemical tests showed that the erythrasma microorganism possessed a strong reactivity for NAD diaphorase and other mitochondrial enzymes. The reactivity was focal confirming a complex subcellular organization of organelles.It is suggested that the erythrasma microorganism secretes a mucopolysaccharide sheath in some circumstances.
Pseudo-carcinomatous invasion in adenomatous polyps of the colon and rectum
Authors: Muto T. , Bussey H. J. R. , Morson B. C. 
Published: June 2007

The histology of pseudo-carcinomatous invasion in adenomatous polyps of the colon and rectum is described and the appearances are contrasted with those seen in malignant polyps.The recognition of pseudo-carcinomatous invasion is important in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant polyps of the large bowel. Failure to distinguish it from carcinoma may lead to wrong treatment and false reports of the incidence and prognosis of cancer of the colon and rectum.The evidence suggests that pseudo-carcinomatous invasion may be the result of repeated twisting of the stalk of a polyp which causes haemorrhage and this facilitates the passage of non-malignant adenomatous epithelium through the muscularis mucosae.
Lysozyme activity and nitroblue-tetrazolium reduction in leukaemic cells
Authors: Catovsky D. , Galton D. A. G. 
Published: June 2007

The cytochemical methods for lysozyme and nitroblue-tetrazolium reduction have been used to study the blast cells of acute myeloid leukaemia. Both proved useful in characterizing the cases with predominant monocytic differentiation.The demonstration of lysozyme activity helped to define two main groups: (a) with predominantly lysozyme-negative cells (myeloblastic-promyelocytic), and (b) with considerable numbers of positive cells (monoblastic-monocytic). In addition this test was also of value in the differentiation of other leukaemic disorders. Reduction of nitroblue-tetrazolium was also a feature of monocytic differentiation. The combination of these two methods with those for myeloperoxidase and non-specific esterase activity contributes to the cytological characterization of acute myeloid leukaemia.
Intravenous infusions of heparin and penicillins
Authors: Jacobs J. , Kletter Dina , Superstine E. , Hill K. R. , Lynn B. , Webb R. A. 
Published: June 2007

The chemical stability and anticoagulant activity of heparin (20 U/ml) were studied in five intravenous fluids at room temperature. Heparin remained stable and active for 24 hours in normal saline, but there was a rapid inactivation of 40 to 55% in solutions containing dextrose or lactate, as measured by chemical and biological methods.High concentrations of benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, or methicillin had no effect on heparin activity in normal saline or dextrose 5%: nor was the stability of the penicillins in these fluids affected to any marked extent by the presence of heparin. Ampicillin was, however, found to be unstable in dextrose 5%, and it would be preferable for it not to be added to dextrose infusions. It is concluded that heparin may be given intravenously in normal saline with benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, or methicillin but several other antibiotics were found to be unsuitable for concurrent infusion with heparin.
A batch method for estimating thrombin clottable fibrinogen
Authors: Farrell G. W. , Wolf P. 
Published: June 2007

A method for estimating thrombin clottable fibrinogen in a large number of plasma samples is described. This method is based on measuring the optical density difference of a diluted plasma and its corresponding serum after incubation at 59°C in the presence of 10% NaCl. The method gave excellent correlation with previously described thrombin clottable estimates, but was easier to perform and more accurate when estimating friable thrombin clots.The method is compared with measurements of heat-coagulable plasma protein described by Thorp (1967) and by Millar, Simpson, and Stalker (1971), and direct optical density measurement of plasma after thrombin treatment (Burmester, Aulton, and Horsfield, 1970).The feasibility of automating the proposed technique together with immunoreactive fibrinogen estimates is discussed.
A guide to the histological identification of fungi in tissues
Authors: Anthony P. P. 
Published: June 2007

Infections with fungi and fungus-like organisms have increased in recent years. The presence of a fungus is often unsuspected clinically and it may only come to light in the course of microscopic examination of tissues removed by biopsy or at necropsy. Subsequent culture is desirable but not always possible.A simple scheme for identifying fungi and fungus-like organisms is presented based on general morphology, staining, and other special characteristics with notes on types of tissue reactions and common pitfalls.
Types of `reticulin' antibodies detected in human sera by immunofluorescence
Authors: Rizzetto Mario , Doniach Deborah 
Published: June 2007

Reticulin antibodies have been classified by immunofluorescence into five types reacting with distinct antigens of intra- and extracellular components in mesenchyme. Two types of fibrillar antigens can be distinguished on the basis of the staining patterns, anatomical distribution, and species specificity. A third antibody reacts with either small fibres, amorphous proteins, or mucopolysaccharides lining the hepatic sinusoids (ground substance antigens). In addition, at least two kinds of intrasinusoidal cells show cytoplasmic fluorescence, ie, Kupffer cells and glass-adherent, blood-borne cells antigenically related to peritoneal macrophages. Some sera may contain antibodies reacting with sinusoidal endothelial cells though this has not yet been proven.It has been confirmed that all these distinct antibodies related to reticulin antigens are most frequent in dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease, but they are also found with increased frequency in chronic heroin addicts and in rheumatoid and Sjögren's syndromes. About 5% of normal individuals had such antibodies and no significant increase could be demonstrated in autoimmune disorders or in liver cirrhosis. The antibodies appear to be stimulated by bacterial or nutritional antigens and are likely to represent anamnestic responses rather than direct cross reactions with a multiplicity of foreign antigens.
The significance of the fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA-ABS) test in collagen disorders and leprosy
Authors: Wright D. J. M. 
Published: June 2007

A test is described to distinguish the immunofluorescence seen onT. pallidumin syphilis from that due to antibodies against DNA.The method consists of comparing the results of the fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA-ABS) test with the staining obtained withT. gondiiandT. cruziusing an indirect fluorescent technique. The ability of a particular serum to stain other organisms, in addition toT. pallidum, at a significant titre indicates that the treponemal fluorescence is not specific, and the loss of this staining property when organisms are pretreated with deoxyribonuclease suggests that the common microbial antigen is DNA. The isolated treponemal fluorescence found in syphilis is unaffected by pretreatment ofT. pallidum.When 123 sera from patients with collagen disorders were examined, non-specific bacterial fluorescence was observed in six sera, while in 95 sera from patients with lepromatous leprosy, a positive FTA-ABS reaction was obtained in 14. There was no accompanying immunofluorescence on other protozoa. Therefore the antibody reacting in the FTA-ABS test in leprosy is likely to be treponemal in origin. A mitochondrial antibody was found in seven out of the 15 sera from patients with lepromatous leprosy.
A new mathematical model for fitting an HPL radioimmunoassay curve
Authors: Harding B. R. , Thomson Ritchie , Curtis A. R. 
Published: June 2007

A number of mathematical models have been tested for their suitability in representing the dose response curve of a specific assay of the hormone human placental lactogen (HPL).1A new equation Y = B[0·14 + 1/[1 + C log [1 + exp[X − D]]] where Y is the percentage activity or counts bound to the antibody and X is the HPL concentration is proposed as representing the overall shape of the curve. This model is shown to give both an accurate representation of the curve and to allow reproducible determination of an unknown over a number of occasions. A number of other models are compared. The new model allows automatic calculation of HPL concentrations from a standard curve using a computer.
Intravascular coagulation andE. colisepticaemia
Authors: Preston F. E. , Malia R. G. , Sworn M. J. , Blackburn E. K. 
Published: June 2007

Eight patients withE. colisepticaemia had oliguric renal failure which was associated with haematological evidence of intravascular coagulation. Five of these patients also had the characteristic blood picture of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia.In an attempt to prevent further deposition of fibrin, intravenous heparin was administered to six patients, three of whom recovered fully and three died.The diagnosis of intravascular coagulation was subsequently confirmed by histological examination of necropsy material and it is suggested that some of the complications ofE. colisepticaemia may be attributable to disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Bacteriological hazards of disposable bedpan systems
Authors: Gibson G. L. 
Published: June 2007

A system using disposable papier maché bedpans and urinals in hospital has advantages of ease of handling for the nurse and cleanliness for the patient. Disposal of the bedpans and their contents is by destruction and flushing to waste. Some bacteriological hazards of this process in the Haigh Sluicemaster and J.M.L. Clinimatic machines are assessed, particularly the dispersal of the contents in spray and aerosol during opening, closing, and running the machines. Various safety devices were tested and some deficiencies are discussed.A major defect in the system is the need at present for a bedpan carrier or support which is not disposable and requires cleaning and disinfection. Minor problems include ordering and storing bulky items, possibly the texture of the bedpans themselves, and perhaps the effect of the bulk of paper discharged into the sewage system.At present the system seems unsuitable for use in infectious disease hospitals and has some deficiencies in use in general wards. The improvements suggested would greatly increase its acceptability which should then be completely re-assessed. To this end the examination of improved models using totally disposable bedpans is proceeding.
The role of the mesangial cell in proliferative glomerulonephritis
Authors: Davison A. M. , Thomson D. , Macdonald Mary K. , Uttley W. S. , Robson J. S. 
Published: June 2007

In 40 patients with a histological diagnosis of proliferative glomerulonephritis the deposition of immunoglobulins, complement (C3), and fibrin/fibrinogen has been assessed by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The results of such examinations have been correlated with the outcome of the illness.In minor or resolving disease there is usually minor functional impairment, a good response to therapy or spontaneous resolution, the deposition of small amounts of material in glomerular capillary walls, and active mesangial removal. In moderate to marked disease there is initially a moderately severe functional disorder, a good response to therapy, considerable deposition of material in glomerular capillary walls but with less active mesangial regions than in the previous group. In progressive glomerulonephritis there was initial severe functional disorder, poor response to therapy, large amounts of material deposited within capillary walls, and active mesangial regions which were greatly enlarged, containing numerous deposits. In the rapidly progressive group there was severe functional disorder with poor response to therapy, the deposition of only small amounts of material within capillary walls, the lack of any significant mesangial cell reaction, and the formation of epithelial crescents.The results of the study indicate that in proliferative glomerulonephritis following the deposition of material in glomerular capillary loops, the progression of the disease is, to some extent at least, dependent upon the ability of the mesangial cell to remove such material.
Electron microscopic study of the distribution of the Australia antigen in individual sera of 50 serologically positive blood donors and two patients with serum hepatitis
Authors: Stannard Linda M. , Moodie J. , Keen G. A. , Kipps A. 
Published: June 2007

The distribution of the morphological types of Australia antigen in 50 blood donors and two patients with serum hepatitis is described.The significance of the high incidence of immune complexes and Dane particles in these persistent carriers is discussed.
A comparison of methods for staining tubercle bacilli in histological sections
Authors: Greenwood N. , Fox And H. 
Published: June 2007

The Ziehl-Neelsen stain is compared with three alternative methods of staining tubercle bacilli in paraffin sections: Fite's method (1938); a modification by Armstrong and Price (1947) of Fite's method; and a fluorescent method using the auramine-phenol stain.The fluorescent method was found to be the most effective of the four methods and its use is recommended as a routine tool in diagnostic histopathology.
A comparative study of five laboratory tests for foeto-placental dysfunction in late pregnancy
Authors: Watson D. , Siddiqui S. A. , Stafford J. E. H. , Gibbard S. , Hewitt V. 
Published: June 2007

Five foeto-placental function tests were studied in parallel in normal and abnormal late pregnancies with a view to establishing which test or tests is most satisfactorily able to identify the mother whose foetus is in danger.A critical examination of the levels in blood serum of two enzymes, placental phosphatase isoenzyme and cystine aminopeptidase, the polypeptide hormone placental lactogen (chorionic somatomammotrophin), and the oestrogen oestriol-17β is described.A correlation was attempted beween clinical data and the results of the above laboratory analyses and also with the daily urine oestrogen output. The plasma and urine oestriol levels proved generally to be the more useful warning tests in late pregnancy, whilst the plasma cystine aminopeptidase was the least sensitive indicator of foeto-placental dysfunction.
Venous infarction of the myocardium in a newborn child: An unusual effect of disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: McCormack M. 
Published: June 2007

A case is described of disseminated intravascular coagulation in a premature female infant, with the unusual and predominating feature of myocardial infarction consequent upon coronary vein thrombosis.Some reference is made to the incidence of coagulation disorders in the newborn and to methods of histological diagnosis.
Association of white cell and red cell antibodies in human sera
Authors: Ross Jill M. , James D. C. O. 
Published: June 2007

Five hundred and eighteen human sera containing known red cell antibodies were tested for lymphocytotoxic antibodies and 81 sera were found to contain them. Thirty-nine antibodies were fully characterized. The frequencies of anti-I, K, Vw, and Wrawere significantly greater in those of the 518 sera which also contained white cell antibodies.Four hundred and ninety-four of the 518 sera containing red cell antibodies contained anti-Rh and anti-Kell. The frequency of white cell antibodies in this group was 15% compared with a frequency of 12% in a series of 923 antenatal samples not containing anti-Rh or anti-Kell.The frequencies of different anti-HL-A specificities were compared in the two groups with or without anti-Rh and anti-Kell antibodies. Anti-HL-A 1, 7, and 8 occurred more frequently in the absence of these red cell antibodies and anti-HL-A 12 occurred more frequently in their presence.No correlation was found between particular red cell and white cell antibodies.