bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer incidence after localized therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Moon Kihyuck , Stukenborg George J. , Keim Jessica , Theodorescu Dan 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Second cancers may occur in patients who have undergone radiation therapy. The risk for these adverse events after therapy is uncertain. In this study, the authors examined the size and significance of the observed association between occurrences of secondary cancers 5 years after radiotherapy in a large population of men with incident prostate cancer.METHODS.Men with incident prostate cancer were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry and were distinguished by the type of treatment received, tumor stage, tumor grade, and age at diagnosis. SEER data also were used to identify occurrences of secondary cancer beginning 5 years after the date patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the adjusted odds of the subsequent occurrence of other cancers associated with types of radiation therapy received and was adjusted for the type of surgery, tumor grade, stage, and patient age.RESULTS.Compared with men who received no prostate cancer‐directed radiation, men who received external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) as their only form of radiation therapy had statistically significant increased odds of developing secondary cancers at several sites potentially related to radiation therapy, including the bladder (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.44–1.84) and rectum (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.29–1.99). Men who received EBRT also had statistically significant higher odds of developing secondary cancers at sites in the upper body and other areas not potentially related to radiation therapy, including the cecum (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.10–1.70), transverse colon (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.30–2.63), brain (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.22–2.75), stomach (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.09–1.75), melanoma (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.09–1.53), and lung and bronchus (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.13–1.37) compared with the odds among men who received no radiation therapy. Men who received radiation therapy in the form of radioactive implants or isotopes, either in isolation or combined with beam radiation, did not have significantly different odds of secondary cancer occurring at any of the 20 most common sites.CONCLUSIONS.Patients who received with EBRT had significantly higher odds of developing second cancers both overall and in the areas that were exposed to radiation. It is noteworthy that, to the authors' knowledge, this report shows for the first time that, despite the higher doses of radiation delivered, patients who received radioactive implants had the lowest odds of developing second cancers. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
A phase I/II study of weekly high‐dose erlotinib in previously treated patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Milton Daniel T. , Azzoli Christopher G. , Heelan Robert T. , Venkatraman Ennapadam , Gomez Jorge E. , Kris Mark G. , Krug Lee M. , Pao William , Rizvi Naiyer A. , Dunne Megan , Miller Vincent A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Preclinical studies have suggested that erlotinib at high doses may inhibit additional sites downstream of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), resulting in greater antitumor efficacy. The objective of this study was to determine the tolerability and efficacy of high‐dose erlotinib administered on a weekly schedule to patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODS.The authors conducted a Phase I/II trial of weekly erlotinib in patients with progressive NSCLC who had received previous chemotherapy. In the Phase I portion, patients were enrolled in 3‐patient cohorts at erlotinib dose levels of 1200 mg, 1600 mg, and 2000 mg once weekly. The Phase II portion was designed to determine the major objective response rate of the dose identified in the Phase I portion of the trial.RESULTS.Twenty‐seven patients were enrolled. No dose‐limiting toxicity was observed. Grade 1 and 2 rash and diarrhea were the principle toxicities, and each occurred in 92% of patients. Among 21 patients who were treated at the Phase II dose of 2000 mg weekly, a single objective response was identified, yielding a response rate of 5% (95% confidence interval, 0.2–22%). For this cohort, the median survival was 9.5 months. The sole radiographic response occurred in a patient whose pretreatment tumor specimen harbored an EGFR exon 19 deletion.CONCLUSIONS.Erlotinib at a dose of 2000 mg administered weekly was tolerated well by these patients with advanced NSCLC. The 5% objective response rate did not reach the stated objective at the interim efficacy analysis, prompting the closure of the study. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Phase II trial of weekly paclitaxel and gemcitabine for previously untreated, stage IIIB‐IV nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Akerley Wallace , Safran Howard , Zaner Ken , Ready Neal , Mega Tony , Kennedy Teresa 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of the noncisplatin‐based combination of paclitaxel and gemcitabine administered weekly for patients with untreated metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODS.Patients with Stage IIIB/IV or recurrent NSCLC, a performance status of 0–2, and no prior chemotherapy exposure were eligible. Patients received gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 and paclitaxel 85 mg/m2 on Days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36 of an 8‐week cycle until progression.RESULTS.Thirty‐nine eligible patients were enrolled. The median age was 66 years and 14 patients were ≥70 years old. Performance status was 2 in 13 (33%) and 29 patients (75%) had Stage IV. Five patients (12.8%) developed interstitial pneumonitis and 2 of these were responsive to steroid therapy. The overall response rate was 23.1%, with no complete responses. The median survival was 32 weeks and the 1‐year survival was 32%.CONCLUSIONS.This regimen of weekly paclitaxel and gemcitabine has modest activity in advanced NSCLC. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Enhanced Electron Transfer Rate in a Rigid Ferrocene–Fulleropyrrolidine Dyad
Authors: Caporossi Francesco , Floris Barbara , Galloni Pierluca , Gatto Emanuela , Venanzi Mariano 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA rigid ferrocene–fullerene dyad was obtained from fullerene (C60), N‐methylglycine and 1,1′‐(α‐oxotrimethylene)ferrocene. The frozen geometry resulted in an enhanced electron transfer rate from ferrocene to fullerene moieties, when compared with conformationally flexible N‐methyl‐2‐ferrocenylfulleropyrrolidine. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Does exhaustive exercise result in oxidative stress and associated DNA damage in the chub (Leuciscus cephalus)?
Authors: Aniagu Stanley O. , Day Norman , Chipman J. Kevin , Taylor Edwin W. , Butler Patrick J. , Winter Matthew J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractDNA strand breaks [as determined by the conventional and formamidopyrimidine glycosylase (FPG)‐modified Comet assay] and antioxidant defense status [as indicated by superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration] were evaluated in healthy adult chub (Leuciscus cephalus) after exhaustive exercise [swimming to their critical swimming speed (Ucrit), twice in succession with a 40 min rest period between] vs. confined (unexercised) control fish. The conventional Comet assay revealed significantly higher DNA strand breaks in all the tissues (blood, liver, and gill), with the highest increase over background evident in the epithelial gill cells of swum fish compared to the controls. Moreover, when the FPG‐modified Comet assay was conducted to reveal specific oxidative lesions, the gill cells of exercised fish sustained the highest level of oxidative DNA damage in comparison to the control. Data on tissue antioxidant defense mechanism were less conclusive, with no significant differences in the tissue levels of SOD or GSH. This suggests that either the degree of oxidative stress was not great enough to evoke a response in terms of defense mechanisms or the timescale of antioxidant defense response was somewhat different from the time between the application of stress and subsequent tissue sampling. From the swimming data, Ucrit was significantly lower on the second assessment compared to the first (repeat ratio: 0.76), suggesting that the fish were exercised to a level which was not sustainable. Overall, these findings support the theory that acute extreme exercise could result in oxidative stress and associated DNA damage in fish. These observations suggest that fish living in fast flowing and polluted rivers are at increased risk of DNA damage. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of microstructural damage in the brains of professional boxers: A diffusion MRI study
Authors: Chappell Michael H. , Uluǧ Aziz M. , Zhang Lijuan , Heitger Marcus H. , Jordan Barry D. , Zimmerman Robert D. , Watts Richard 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPurposeTo investigate and localize cerebral abnormalities in professional boxers with no history of moderate or severe head trauma.Materials and MethodsDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to determine the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in the brains of 81 professional male boxers and 12 male control subjects. Voxel‐based analysis (VBA) of both the diffusion and anisotropy values was performed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). From this objective analysis, regions of microstructural abnormalities in the brains of the boxers were located.ResultsIncreases in the ADC, and decreases in FA were identified in deep white matter (WM), while decreases in ADC were identified in cortical gray matter (GM). Regions of positive correlation between ADC and age were also found in both the boxer and control groups, although the regions and strength of the correlation were not the same in each group.ConclusionUsing VBA, we localized previously unreported abnormalities in the brains of professional boxers. These abnormalities are assumed to reflect cumulative (chronic) brain injury resulting from nonsevere head trauma. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of cortical thickness and ventricular width in normal aging: A morphometric study at 3 Tesla
Authors: Preul Christoph , Hund‐Georgiadis Margret , Forstmann Birte U. , Lohmann Gabriele 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPurposeTo describe loss of cortical thickness and ventricular enlargement during normal aging in a sample of 525 neurologically and psychiatrically inconspicuous subjects (17–68 years old).Materials and MethodsAn automated segmentation algorithm was applied to assess cortical thickness and compared with conventional measurements of ventricular indices (ventricular body index (VBI), anterior horn index (AHI), and third ventricular width) as performed in clinical practice. Regression analysis was performed to elucidate the relationship between a decrease of the cortical mantle and increase in ventricular width with aging.ResultsCortical thickness decreases with age (r = –0.49, P < 0.01; r = –0.502 in male and r = –0.461 in female subjects). Regarding the ventricular indices, we found a significant correlation with age for both the whole sample and the subdivision by gender. Cortical thickness and ventricular width are closely correlated (r = –0.43 in women, r = –0.468 in men, P < 0.001 each). The bandwidth of variance scales up with aging in all parameters. The results are discussed in terms of the underlying mechanisms of normal aging.ConclusionOur findings suggest that a decrease in cortical thickness and increase in ventricular width occur with normal aging. The enlargement of the third ventricle correlates the most strongly with age. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Function of ID1 protein in human cord blood‐derived neural stem‐like cells
Authors: Jurga M. , Buzañska L. , Małecki M. , Habich A. , Domañska‐Janik K. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe effect of dominant‐negative regulator of basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factors, an ID1 protein, on growth and differentiation of neural stem‐like cell line derived from human umbilical cord blood (HUCB‐NSC) was investigated. This nontransformed, mesodermal germ layer‐originated line contains high levels of ID1 protein, whose intercellular distribution reflects HUCB‐NSC differentiation status. Whereas cells remained undifferentiated and self‐renewing in serum‐free (SF) cultures, ID1 protein, although highly expressed, did not attain cell nuclei and was localized mainly in cytoplasm. In long‐term‐expanded cultures of partially committed (primed) HUCB‐NSC grown in a low serum concentration (LS cultures) ID1 protein became translocated toward cell nuclei. Further neuronal differentiation of the cells, either spontaneous in the presence of serum or induced by neuromorphogens (dBcAMP, RA), resulted in almost complete depletion ofID1mRNA and protein. Accordingly, HUCB‐NSC transfectants overexpressing the ID1 gene were significantly inhibited in their differentiation. Notably, only neuronal and not glial development was affected after ID1 overexpression. A similar gain‐of‐function effect of ID1 transfection was observed in human NSC‐like line (DEV) of medullobastoma origin, which is constitutively devoid of ID1 expression. Thus, our results on HUCB‐NSC confirm further its neural‐specific behavior and the crucial role of ID1 protein as a potent negative regulator of neural stem cell differentiation, pointing out that this protein distribution between cytoplasmic and nuclear cell compartments can be one of the most important steps in differentiation signal transduction. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How advertising claims affect brand preferences and category–brand associations: The role of regulatory fit
Authors: Florack Arnd , Scarabis Martin 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTwo experiments examined whether selfregulatory goals addressed in advertising claims influence product preferences and category– brand associations. Experiment 1 provided evidence for the hypothesis that the fit between an advertising claim and consumers' regulatory focus has an impact on product preferences. Participants were more likely to prefer products presented in an advertisement with a claim compatible with the experimentally induced focus. Experiment 2 demonstrated that regulatory focus also has an impact on category– brand associations. Category–brand associations were stronger when the claim of a target brand was compatible with the regulatory focus at the time category–brand associations were measured. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Context‐induced and ad‐induced affect: Individual differences as moderators
Authors: Chang Chingching 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe present article had two objectives: (a) to explore the relative impacts of context‐induced and ad‐induced affect on ad and brand evaluations, and (b) to investigate how individual differences in affect intensity and introversion/extroversion moderate the effects of ad‐induced affect. In Study 1, ad‐induced affect, but not contextinduced affect, significantly influenced ad and brand evaluations when both forms of affect induction were manipulated. Furthermore, Studies 1 and 2 showed that individuals scoring differently on affect intensity and introversion/extroversion responded in divergent ways to ad messages that elicited positive and negative affect. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automated on‐the‐fly detection and correction procedure for EPR imaging data acquisition
Authors: Ahmad Rizwan , Vikram Deepti S. , Petryakov Sergey , Deng Yuanmu , Zweier Jay L. , Kuppusamy Periannan , Clymer Bradley 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFast and reliable data acquisition is a major requirement for successful and useful biological electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) experiments. Even a technologically advanced and professionally supervised EPRI system can exhibit instabilities initiated by perturbations such as animal motion, microphonics, and temperature changes. As a result, part of an acquired data set may become corrupted with excessive noise and distortions, which in turn may degrade the quality of the reconstructed image. In this work an automated scheme to monitor the system performance and stability over the course of an experiment is demonstrated. This method ensures that the quality of the acquired data is maintained during the experiment. For this purpose, four parameters including noise content and integration of each acquired projection are quantified and measured against those of the zero‐gradient (ZG) projection, which is set as a quality benchmark. Projections with parameter values that differ substantially from the expected values are identified as damaged and consequently are reacquired. Therefore, the proposed technique not only effectively monitors the quality of acquisition, it also saves a substantial amount of acquisition time because it eliminates the necessity of repeating the entire experiment in cases in which only a small fraction of the data are corrupted. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Injection molding shrinkage of PP: Experimental progress
Authors: Pomerleau Joel , Sanschagrin Bernard 
Published: July 2006

AbstractInjection molding shrinkage deals with dimensional differences between a molded part and the cavity. By adding an array of orthogonal marks into a mold, local shrinkage values may be obtained by comparing dimensions of this array with dimensions of the array replicated on the surface of the parts. A profilograph is employed to obtain dimensional measurements, in the parallel to flow direction and in the cross flow direction. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine aspects of shrinkage evaluation causing uncertainty on the results. Prominent sources of uncertainty found are mark straightness defect and part warpage. Uncertainty on shrinkage is evaluated to 0.00025 mm/mm for a distance between the marks of 6.350 mm. Shrinkages have been evaluated locally for molded plates. Different distribution forms were observed for parallel to flow and cross flow shrinkage. Important anisotropy is also observed. The effects of holding pressure and injection velocity on shrinkages have been evaluated using a 23 factorial design of experiment for three locations on the plates. Finally, shrinkages for three mold geometries have been compared: constant thickness plate, variable in thickness symmetrical plate, and variable in thickness asymmetrical plate. Variable in thickness plates showed the importance of solidification dynamics on final shrinkages. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:1275–1283, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of stoichiometry on liquid crystalline supramolecular polymers formed with complementary nucleobase pair interactions
Authors: Burke Kelly A. , Sivakova Sona , McKenzie Blayne M. , Mather Patrick T. , Rowan Stuart J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe report herein studies on the liquid crystalline behavior of a series of supramolecular materials that contain different ratios of two complementary symmetrically‐substituted alkoxy‐bis(phenylethynyl)benzene AA‐ and BB‐type monomers. One monomer has thymine units placed at either end of the rigid mesogenic core, while the other has N6‐(4‐methoxybenzoyl)‐adenine units placed on the ends. Differential scanning calorimetric and polarized optical microscopy studies have been carried out on these systems. These studies show that the material's behavior is strongly dependent on its thermal history. As a result, the materials can exhibit, on heating, either a liquid crystalline phase, a crystalline phase, or the coexistence of crystalline and liquid crystalline regions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5049–5059, 2006
Stabilization of vinyl chloride/vinylidene chloride copolymers using N‐substituted maleimides
Authors: Howell Bob A. , Zhang Jin 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAs a consequence of their excellent barrier properties, vinyl chloride/vinylidene chloride copolymers have long been prominent in the flexible packaging market. While these polymers possess a number of superior characteristics, they tend to undergo thermally induced degradative dehydrochlorination at process temperatures. This degradation must be controlled to permit processing of the polymers. Three series of N‐substituted maleimides (N‐alkyl‐, N‐aralkyl‐, and N‐aryl‐) have been synthesized, characterized spectroscopically, and evaluated as potential stabilizers for a standard vinyl chloride/vinylidene chloride (85 wt%) copolymer. As surface blends with the polymer, these compounds are ineffective as stabilizers. However, significant stabilization may be achieved by pretreatment of the polymer with N‐substituted maleimides. The most effective stabilization of the polymer is afforded by N‐aralkyl‐ or N‐arylmaleimides, most notably, N‐benzylmaleimide and N‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)maleimide. J. VINYL. ADDIT. TECHNOL. 12:88–97, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Improvement of sympathetic skin responses under enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease
Authors: Jardim L. B. , Gomes I. , Netto C. B. O. , Nora D. B. , Matte U. S. , Pereira F. , Burin M. G. , Kalakun L. , Giugliani R. , Becker J. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryAim To report the effect of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in sympathetic skin responses (SSR) of patients with Fabry disease. Patients and methods Seven male patients were included in an open‐label protocol using agalsidase‐alfa, continued at regular intervals. Five patients completed 24 months of ERT and two of them completed 18 months. Two main measurements were performed at baseline, as well as 1 and 2 years after ERT: (1) a standard neurological examination (NE), with a detailed evaluation of the sensory perception of light touch, pinprick, cold, hot, and vibratory stimuli; (2) the SSR amplitudes. Results Although there were no significant differences between NE in this time period, all patients reported general improvement in their subjective reports of acroparaesthesia and sweating. Before starting ERT, the SSR amplitudes were either too small (3/7 patients) or absent (4/7 patients): the average (range) amplitude of 122 μV (0 through 492) was statistically smaller than that found in a control group, i.e. 1453.6 μV (619.7–2754) (p<0.0001, t‐test). Mean ± SD SSR amplitude increased to 1088± 690 μV in the second year of ERT, reaching the range found in a normal control group (p=0.004). Conclusion ERT improved SSR continuously in Fabry patients in 2 years of observation. Although the mechanism of the SSR improvement is unknown, this response to ERT can be clinically significant if it reflects a normalization in sweating.