bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Pierce's Disease in New Mexico
Authors: Randall Jennifer J. , Radionenko Maxim , French Jason M. , Goldberg Natalie P. , Hanson Stephen F. 
Published: October 2007

In the fall of 2006, Vitis vinifera Chardonnay grapevines from two vineyards in southern New Mexico exhibited leaf scorch and dieback symptoms consistent with Pierce's disease. ELISA, PCR, and culturing assays all detected the presence of Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of Pierce's disease, in symptomatic tissue from both vineyards confirming Pierce's disease in New Mexico. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that isolates from New Mexico grapes are closely related to a X. fastidiosa isolate recently found in the landscape plant Chitalpa tashkentensis in New Mexico. Accepted for publication 20 April 2007. Published 2 October 2007.
The effect of environmental salinity on the proteome of the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.)
Authors: Ky C. L. , De Lorgeril J. , Hirtz C. , Sommerer N. , Rossignol M. , Bonhomme F. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryThe European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L., tolerates a range of salinities from freshwater to hyper‐saline. To study differences in protein expression, fish were reared in both freshwater and seawater. After 3‐month acclimation, gill and intestine epithelia were collected and the soluble protein extracted. In all, 362 spots were differentially expressed in the gills and intestines of fishes reared in seawater compared to those from freshwater. Fifty differential protein spots were excised from a colloidal Coomassie‐stained gel. Nine separate protein spots were identified unambiguously by mass spectrometry and database searching. Among the six proteins over‐expressed in gill cells in seawater, five were cytoskeleton proteins and one was the aromatase cytochrome P450. In gill cells under freshwater conditions, the two over‐expressed proteins identified were the prolactin receptor and the major histocompatibility complex class II β‐antigen. In intestinal cells under freshwater conditions, the Iroquois homeobox protein Ziro5 was upregulated over ninefold. The expression of these proteins, their possible direct or indirect roles in the adaptation of D. labrax to salinity, and their correspondences with a previous study are discussed.
Mapping of QTL on chromosome X for fat deposition, muscling and growth traits in a wild boar × Meishan F2 family using a high‐density gene map
Authors: Čepica S. , Bartenschlager H. , Geldermann H. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryQuantitative trait loci (QTL) for fat deposition, growth and muscling traits have been previously mapped on the basis of low‐density linkage maps in a wild boar × Meishan F2 family to the chromosome X region flanked by SW2456 and SW1943. Improved QTL resolution was possible using data for F2 animals with a marker density of 2.7 cM distance in the SW2456 to SW1943 region, including AR, SERPINA7 and ACSL4 as candidate genes. The resolution of the QTL scan was increased substantially, as evidenced by the higher F‐ratio values for all QTL. Maxima of F‐ratio values for fat deposition, muscling and growth traits were 28.6, 18.2 and 16.5 respectively, and those QTL positions accounted for 7.9%, 5.0% and 4.5% of the F2 phenotypic variance (VF2) respectively. QTL for fatness and growth and for most muscling traits mapped near ACSL4, with the exception of the QTL for ham traits that mapped proximally, in the vicinity of AR. An analysis performed separately for F2 male animals showed the predominant QTL affecting fat deposition traits (up to 13.6% VF2) near AR and two QTL for muscling traits (up to 9.9% VF2) mapped close to ACSL4. In the F2 female animals, QTL affecting muscling (up to 12.1% VF2) mapped at ACSL4 and SW2456, and QTL for fat deposition (10% VF2) and growth (up to 10.5% VF2) mapped at ACSL4.
Assessment of soy aeroallergen levels in different work environments
Authors: Gómez‐Ollés S. , Cruz M. J. , Bogdanovic J. , Wouters I. M. , Doekes G. , Sander I. , Morell F. , Rodrigo M. J. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryBackground
Airborne soybean hull proteins are known causes of asthma epidemics around harbours and soy processing plants. Soy flour dust proteins may cause occupational allergy in food and feed industries.Objective
To compare enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for soy hull and soy flour aeroallergens, exposure assessment in various work environments.Methods
Airborne dust samples (n=324) from soy unloading and/or processing plants, the animal feed industry and pig stables were analysed by two soy flour assays: one assay for measuring complete soy hull proteins and two assays for measuring the purified low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) soy hull allergens.Results
Immunoblotting confirmed strong differences between antibody specificities and soy preparations. The results of the two soy flour assays and the assay for measuring complete soy hull proteins were highly correlated (r>0.85). The two LMW soy hull assays also showed a strong mutual correlation (r=0.91), but much less correlation with assays for measuring soy flour and complete soy hull. The levels of LMW soy hull proteins were the highest at sites of soybean unloading or processing, while soy flour levels were particularly high in the soy and animal feed industry.Conclusions
The optimal EIA procedure for soy aeroallergen exposure assessment depends on the type of work environment and the local soy dust composition. Thus, the type of work environment should always be taken into account in future soy allergy studies in order to prevent a possible underestimation of the workers' actual risk of developing soy allergy.
Risk factors for asthma at 3.5 and 7 years of age
Authors: Mitchell E. A. , Robinson E. , Black P. N. , Becroft D. M. O. , Clark P. M. , Pryor J. E. , Thompson J. M. D. , Waldie K. E. , Wild C. J. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryBackgroundIt has been suggested that factors in early life including exposure to allergens and microbes may influence the development of asthma.ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for asthma in early childhood.MethodsEight‐hundred and seventy‐one children of European mothers were enrolled at birth, of whom 385 (44.2%) were born small for gestational age (SGA) and 486 were appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Data were collected at birth, 12 months, 3.5 years of age (y) and 7 y. The outcome of interest (current wheeze) was defined as a positive response to the question: ‘Has your child had wheezing or whistling in the chest in the last 12 months?’ResultsParticipation rate was 85.4% at 1 y, 63.1% at 3.5 y and 68.0% at 7 y. The prevalence of asthma was 23.8% at 3.5 y and 18.1% at 7 y. Antibiotic use in the first year of life and day care in the first year of life were associated with increased risk of wheeze at 7 y [odds ratio (OR)=4.3 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.8–10.1) and OR=2.8 95% CI (1.2–6.5), respectively], but not at 3.5 y. Exposure to dogs was a risk factor for asthma at both ages [OR=2.1 95% CI (1.1–3.8)] as was sleeping on a used cot mattress in the first year of life [OR=1.8 95% CI (1.0–3.2)].ConclusionsThere was a significant association between antibiotic use and day care in the first year of life and wheezing at 7 y but not at 3.5 y. This strengthens the argument that these factors increase the risk of asthma. We have also made the novel observation that sleeping on a used mattress in the first year of life is a risk factor for wheezing at 3.5 and 7 y.Capsule summaryThis prospective study of 871 children made the novel observation that sleeping on a used mattress in the first year of life was a risk factor for wheezing at 3.5 and 7 y.
Rainfall impact effects on ageing casts of a tropical anecic earthworm
Authors: Mariani L. , Jiménez J. J. , Torres E. A. , Amézquita E. , Decaëns T. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryWe investigated the erodibility of surface casts produced by an anecic earthworm of the Colombian savannahs by means of indoor rain simulations. The kinetic energy applied to samples, 21.62 J minute−1 m−2, was estimated to be equivalent to 41% of the energy of the more intense period of a local storm. The erodibility of casts was assessed at different stages of their ageing along with the effects of repeated wetting‐drying cycles. Bare soil cores and soil cores of the same size with a cast on their surface (soil + cast) were used as controls. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (HC) was measured to test whether casts enhance soil water permeability. Fresh, almost liquid, individual casts were completely dispersed by a 2‐hour rainfall simulation at a dispersion rate of 0.9 ± 0.5% of sample minute−1. After 5 hours drying at 32°C and 79% relative humidity, casts were as moist as fresh casts (non‐significant Mann–Whitney U‐test) but had a solid appearance and were no longer dispersed by raindrop impact. Under simulated rainfall, dry casts were very slowly fragmented into large aggregates (> 5 mm). The HC of casts was increased by repeated cycles of wetting and drying but unaffected by length of air‐drying and natural ageing, and averaged 7 (3, n = 6), 20 (3, n = 7) and 32 (1, n = 45) cm hour−1 for bare soil, soil + cast and all casts, respectively (standard error, sample size). Except for bare soil, these values were greater than the greatest rainfall intensities recorded locally. The consequences for soil erosion, nutrient losses and water infiltration are discussed.
Emission of herbivore‐induced volatile terpenoids from two hybrid aspen (Populus tremula×tremuloides) clones under ambient and elevated ozone concentrations in the field
Authors: BLANDE JAMES D. , TIIVA PÄIVI , OKSANEN ELINA , HOLOPAINEN JARMO K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTropospheric ozone levels are continuously rising due to human activities in the 21st century. Although the phytotoxic impact of ozone on plants has been well documented, the effect of ozone on plant emissions has received little attention. We have conducted a field‐based investigation utilizing two clones of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. ×P. tremuloides Michx.) in a free‐air ozone concentration enrichment (FACE) facility. The effects of chronic exposure to moderately increased concentrations of ozone on insect‐induced terpene emissions by these trees were investigated. We used two herbivore species, Phyllobius piri, and Epirrita autumnata, both of which can reach outbreak levels on deciduous trees in Northern Europe. Our results indicated only very small changes in emissions due to increased ozone levels, but showed induction of some terpenes, particularly the monoterpene trans‐β‐ocimene and the homoterpene (E)‐4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene, in response to insect feeding. Here, we consider the positive aspects of conducting this type of study in the field and consider the possible influences of other field‐based environmental factors.
The effect of head‐fractioned teletherapy on pulp tissue
Authors: Vier‐Pelisser F. V. , Figueiredo M. A. Z. , Cherubini K. , Filho A. Braga , Figueiredo J. A. P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAim  To evaluate the early and delayed effects of fractioned teletherapy (radiotherapy) on the dental pulps of rats using Co60.Methodology  In group 1 – rats (n = 15) were subjected to fractioned teletherapy by 30 daily sessions fractioned in doses of 200 cGy day−1, totaling 60 Gy and the rats were killed immediately after the final dose of irradiation; group 2 – same protocol but killed 30 days following the final irradiation dose; groups 3 (n = 7) and 4 (n = 8) – formed controls without irradiation. Following perfusion, the left mandible of each rat was dissected and processed for histopathology. Serial sections (5 μm) were obtained and stained with HE or picrosirius. Observations were recorded for the coronal pulp tissue. A blinded observer evaluated HE sections using pre‐defined indices of inflammation, nuclear alterations and extracellular matrix (ECM) hyalinization. Images of sections stained with picrosirius were converted to black and white for analysis by image‐pro plus; areas in black (collagen) were measured as percentage area. The pulps of mandibular incisors of the specimens prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were subjected to descriptive analysis. Magnifications of 6300 and 10000× were used to observe 10 pulp fibroblasts from each group.Results  No inflammatory reactions or modification of the ECM status were found (P = 0.428) in any specimens. The collagen content also displayed no significant changes (P = 0.067) as a result of treatment. Groups 1 and 2 displayed significantly more nuclear alterations than the control groups (P < 0.05). The bubble‐like aspect was more pronounced in group 1, and the bubbles looked smaller in group 2. The ECM showed no differences in the hyalinization status and there were no differences in the collagen area within the pulps. Under TEM, the pulp fibroblasts in group 1 displayed nuclear alterations that resembled circular, oval or elongated perforations; perforations also appeared in the cytoplasm.Conclusion  Fractioned teletherapy is capable of producing nuclear alterations in the dental pulp tissue of rats.
Nonsurgical endodontic management of a double tooth: a case report
Authors: Kremeier K. , Pontius O. , Klaiber B. , Hülsmann M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAim  To present a case with various morphological irregularities requiring root canal treatment and to discuss the problems and options for orthograde root canal treatment.Summary  Root canal treatment of a double tooth presenting with an acute alveolar abscess is described. The anatomical variations of this tooth included double tooth, dental invagination, incomplete apical closure, three root canal systems and an internal lacuna. The tooth was treated nonsurgically with orthograde root canal treatment resulting in nearly complete radiographic apical repair after 4 years.Key learning points

Double teeth occur infrequently and may be distinguished from fusion, gemination, concrescence and dental twinning.
Several malformations may be present in a single tooth.
Orthograde root canal treatment may be an adequate treatment option even in teeth with a complex internal anatomy.
Outcome of primary root canal treatment: systematic review of the literature – Part 2. Influence of clinical factors
Authors: Ng Y.‐L. , Mann V. , Rahbaran S. , Lewsey J. , Gulabivala K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAims  (i) To carry out meta‐analyses to quantify the influence of the clinical factors on the efficacy of primary root canal treatment and (ii) to identify the best treatment protocol based on the current evidence.Methodology  The evidence for the effect of each clinical factor on the success rate (SR) of primary root canal treatment was gathered in three different ways: (i) intuitive synthesis of reported findings from individual studies; (ii) weighted pooled SR by each factor under investigation was estimated using random‐effect meta‐analysis; (iii) weighted effect of the factor under investigation on SR were estimated and expressed as odds ratio for the dichotomous outcomes (success or failure) using fixed‐ and random‐effects meta‐analysis. Statistical heterogeneity amongst the studies was assessed by Cochran’s (Q) test. Potential sources of statistical heterogeneity were investigated by exploring clinical heterogeneity using meta‐regression models which included study characteristics in the regression models.Results  Out of the clinical factors investigated, pre‐operative pulpal and periapical status were most frequently investigated, whilst the intra‐operative factors were poorly studied in the 63 studies. Four factors were found to have a significant effect on the primary root canal treatment outcome, although the data heterogeneity was substantial, some of which could be explained by some of the study characteristics.Conclusions  Four conditions (pre‐operative absence of periapical radiolucency, root filling with no voids, root filling extending to 2 mm within the radiographic apex and satisfactory coronal restoration) were found to improve the outcome of primary root canal treatment significantly. Root canal treatment should therefore aim at achieving and maintaining access to apical anatomy during chemo‐mechanical debridement, obturating the canal with densely compacted material to the apical terminus without extrusion into the apical tissues and preventing re‐infection with a good quality coronal restoration.
Autotransplantation of a maxillary third molar to replace a maxillary premolar with vertical root fracture
Authors: Tsurumachi T. , Kakehashi Y. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAim  To report the successful autotransplantation of a fully developed third molar that required nonsurgical and surgical interventions for tooth adaptation.Summary  This case report describes the autotransplantation of a third molar with complete root development after the loss of a fractured premolar in a 47‐year‐old male. To allow better adaptation of the donor tooth, the buccal roots of the third molar were removed using a diamond bur and the canal entrances were filled. Recall examination 6 years after completion of root‐canal treatment showed normal periodontal healing with absence of infection, ankylosis or progressive resorption. The transplantation of a third molar is seen as a promising method to replace a lost permanent tooth, and to restore aesthetics and function.Key learning points

Autotransplantation is a viable option for the treatment of a missing tooth or for replacement of traumatized tooth when there is a donor tooth available.
Fully developed third molars are potentially reliable candidates in the absence of other suitable donor teeth.
Salivary microbiota of HIV‐positive children and its correlation with HIV status, oral diseases, and total secretory IgA
Authors: SILVA‐BOGHOSSIAN CARINA , CASTRO GLÓRIA FERNANDA , TELES RICARDO PALMIER , DE SOUZA IVETE P. R. , COLOMBO ANA PAULA V. 
Published: October 2007

Aim.  This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and levels of salivary microorganisms in HIV‐positive children, and their correlation to HIV status, oral lesions, and salivary IgA levels.Design.  Forty‐two HIV‐positive and 36 control children were clinically examined, had their saliva collected and processed for the microbiological analysis of 38 bacterial taxa by the checkerboard method, and salivary IgA quantification by ELISA.Results.  The majority of the species tested were more prevalent in control children than in the HIV group. Mean concentration of total salivary IgA was similar in both groups. High levels of Veillonella parvula were found in children with cheilitis and herpes. Tannerella forsythia, Eikenella Corrodens, and Propionibacterium acnes were prevalent in children with gingivitis, while Fusobacterium periodonticum, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus oralis were significantly more frequent in children with no oral lesions. Significant negative correlations between salivary IgA levels and Eubacterium nodatum and oral streptococci were observed (P < 0.05).Conclusion.  HIV‐seropositive children presented significantly lower prevalence and levels of several bacterial species in saliva; HIV‐positive children are able to mount a mucosal immune response; HIV‐seropositive children under highly active antiretroviral therapy presented low prevalence of oral lesions.
Temperamental reactivity and negative emotionality in uncooperative children referred to specialized paediatric dentistry compared to children in ordinary dental care
Authors: ARNRUP KRISTINA , BROBERG ANDERS G. , BERGGREN ULF , BODIN LENNART 
Published: October 2007

Background.  Current treatment of children with dental behaviour management problems (DBMP) is based on the presupposition that their difficulties are caused by dental fear, but is this always the case?Objective.  The aim of this study was to study temperamental reactivity, negative emotionality, and other personal characteristics in relation to DBMP in 8‐ to 12‐year‐old children.Methods.  Forty‐six children referred because of DBMP (study group) and 110 children in ordinary dental care (reference group) participated. The EASI tempramental survey assessed temperamental reactivity and negative emotionality, the Child Behaviour Questionnaire internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems, and the Children's Fear Survey Schedule general and dental fears. Cluster analyses and tree‐based modelling were used for data analysis.Results.  Among the five clusters identified, one could be characterized as ‘balanced temperament’. Thirty‐five per cent of the reference group compared to only 7% of the study group belonged to this cluster. Negative emotionality was the most important sorting variable.Conclusions.  Children referred because of DBMP differed from children in ordinary dental care, not only in dental fear level, but also in personal characteristics. Few of the referred children were characterized by a balanced temperament profile. It is important to consider the dual impact of emotion dysregulation and emotional reactivity in the development of DBMP.
Psychological characteristics of Norwegian adolescents reporting no likelihood of visiting a dentist in a situation with toothache
Authors: SKARET ERIK , BERG EINAR , KVALE GERD , RAADAL MAGNE 
Published: October 2007

Objectives.  The aim of the present study was to explore and compare psychological characteristics in two groups of 18‐year‐old adolescents: (i) subjects reporting no likelihood of visiting the dentist in a situation with toothache (avoiders); and (ii) subjects who definitely would see the dentist in the same situation (non‐avoiders).Methods.  The study included a representative sample (n = 1385) of 18‐year‐old adolescents attending high schools in the county of Hordaland, Norway. Data were collected by use of questionnaires completed in classrooms.Results.  The following factors increased the risk of being included in the avoider group: negative beliefs of the dentist (communication, trust and control) (OR = 4.3), high dental anxiety (OR = 3.5), and being a male (OR = 2.4). No predictive power for being included in the avoider group was found for general self‐efficacy, coping style, multiple fears, or anxiety and depression.Conclusions.  Adolescents with avoidance behaviour have more negative beliefs of the dentist and higher dental anxiety compared to non‐avoiders, but were found to have no other specific psychological characteristics. These results indicate a high potential for prevention of future avoidance of care for dentists that are focusing on patient communication and to give young patients perceptions of trust and control during dental treatment.
A fearful child attends: a psychoanalytic explanation of children's responses to dental treatment
Authors: FREEMAN RUTH 
Published: October 2007

Background.  At the mention of dental treatment some children become overwhelmed by anxiety whereas others appear to take the news in their stride. Sometimes when anxious children attend dental treatment, they appear to cope, contain their fears, and passively submit to treatment, whereas others angrily refuse to open their mouths and a third group of children exist who seem to just ‘tough it out’ no matter how disagreeable or frightening dental treatment becomes. The question remains: why do children react so differently to dental treatment?Aim.  This paper aims to provide a psychoanalytic explanation as to why children react and respond differently to dental treatment.Results.  This paper proposes a psychoanalytic formulation based on the functionality of the family, parent–child dyads, child psychological development, and the child's emotional and actual life experiences.Conclusions.  There is a need to understand the dynamic nature of child dental anxiety and to appreciate the hidden factors and underlying complexities associated with the anxious child who attends for dental treatment.