bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flight PK8303 crash: a disastrous failure of human factors
Authors: Rafique Nayar , Hassan Irshad , Adil Muhammad 
Published: February 2025

Research methodology
The case study was developed based on secondary data from the publicly available initial accident report of PIA flight PK8303. The facts presented in the report were then analyzed in the light of the Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS).

Case overview/synopsis
The case revolves around the terrible aviation mishap that occurred on May 22, 2020, when Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) Flight 8303 crashed in a Karachi residential area. A total of 97 people lost their lives in this tragedy, and it was Pakistan’s 18th major aviation disaster. The case study explores the human errors and failures of ground handling agencies, air traffic controllers, regulatory agencies, airline employees and cockpit crew by using the HFACS. The focus remains on mistakes made by people, which revolve around inefficient and ineffective communication, and contempt of safety regulations at various stages of flight PK8303.

Complexity academic level
The case study is designed for the students of aviation management at undergraduate and graduate levels.
Acetaminophen as a possible treatment option for pachydermoperiostosis carrying mutated SLCO2A1: Case series
Authors: Takegami Tomoya , I. Mamiya Mami , Yonekura Satoru , Yoshida Kazue , Tanaka Ryo , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Niizeki Hironori , Nomura Takashi , Kabashima Kenji 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPachydermoperiostosis (PDP) is a genetic disease characterized by digital clubbing, periostosis, and pachydermia. PDP with these three features, along with cutis verticis gyrata (CVG), is categorized as the “complete form,” whereas cases without CVG are categorized as the “incomplete form.” The condition is linked to elevated levels of systemic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). About half of PDP patients experience arthralgia. The standard treatment for PDP is selective cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibitors, but long‐term usage can cause gastrointestinal side effects. Additionally, mutations in the SLCO2A1 can lead to chronic enteropathy associated with the SLCO2A1 gene (CEAS), making the use of selective COX‐2 inhibitors particularly risky for PDP patients with CEAS. This has prompted the search for alternative treatments. In this study, five PDP patients—three with the complete form and two with the incomplete form—were treated with acetaminophen. The PGE‐major urinary metabolite (PGE‐MUM) was monitored as a biomarker of disease activity, reflecting systemic PGE2 levels. Before treatment, PGE‐MUM levels were significantly elevated in patients with complete form and mildly elevated in those with incomplete form. Following acetaminophen, PGE‐MUM levels decreased in patients with complete form, and all patients reported improvement in arthralgia without developing gastrointestinal symptoms. In conclusion, acetaminophen shows promise as an alternative treatment for PDP, effectively reducing PGE‐MUM levels in certain patients and alleviating arthralgia while avoiding the gastrointestinal side effects associated with long‐term COX‐2 inhibitor usage.
Volatile Organic Compounds of Diverse Origins and Their Changes Associated With Cultivar Decay in a Fungus‐Farming Termite
Authors: Vidkjær Nanna Hjort , Schmidt Suzanne , Davie‐Martin Cleo Lisa , Silué Kolotchèlèma Simon , Koné N'golo Abdoulaye , Rinnan Riikka , Poulsen Michael 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFungus‐farming termites cultivate a Termitomyces fungus monoculture in enclosed gardens (combs) free of other fungi, except during colony declines, where Pseudoxylaria spp. stowaway fungi appear and take over combs. Here, we determined Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of healthy Macrotermes bellicosus nests in nature and VOC changes associated with comb decay during Pseudoxylaria takeover. We identified 443 VOCs and unique volatilomes across samples and nest volatilomes that were mainly composed of fungus comb VOCs with termite contributions. Few comb VOCs were linked to chemical changes during decay, but longipinocarvone and longiverbenone were only emitted during comb decay. These terpenes may be involved in Termitomyces defence against antagonistic fungi or in fungus‐termite signalling of comb state. Both comb and Pseudoxylaria biomass volatilomes contained many VOCs with antimicrobial activity that may serve in maintaining healthy Termitomyces monocultures or aid in the antagonistic takeover by Pseudoxylaria during colony decline. We further observed a series of oxylipins with known functions in the regulation of fungus germination, growth, and secondary metabolite production. Our volatilome map of the fungus‐farming termite symbiosis provides new insights into the chemistry regulating complex interactions and serves as a valuable guide for future work on the roles of VOCs in symbioses.
Why Do Retail Prices Fall During Seasonal Demand Peaks?
Authors: Butters R. Andrew , Sacks Daniel W. , Seo Boyoung 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTExamining widely‐sold products across dozens of categories in a national scanner database, we find seasonality in demand is large—20 log points for the median category, and pervasive. At seasonal frequencies, price fluctuations are typically countercyclical but small—1.5 log points on average. For most categories, we find seasonality in demand is driven by extensive margin changes in households purchasing any product in the category, and coincides with demand becoming more elastic as it peaks. These patterns suggest countercyclical pricing can be accounted for by demand‐side factors instead of requiring supply‐side explanations, or cross‐category pricing motives (e.g., “loss leader”).
The Effects of Advertising Disclosure Regulations on Social Media: Evidence From Instagram
Authors: Ershov Daniel , Mitchell Matthew 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe study the effects of advertising disclosure regulations in social media markets. Using data from a large sample of Instagram influencers in Germany and Spain and a difference‐in‐differences approach, we empirically evaluate the effects of German strengthening of disclosure regulations on post content and follower engagement. We measure whether posts include suggested disclosure terms and use text‐based approaches (keywords, machine learning) to assess whether a post is sponsored. We show substantial adoption of disclosure but also a 12% increase in sponsored content and an increase in the share of undisclosed‐sponsored content consumers are exposed to. We also find reductions in engagement, suggesting that followers were likely negatively affected.
Phenotyping the Sheep Tail: Histological Depiction of Caudal Spine Structures in Sheep
Authors: Hümmelchen Hannah , Wagner Henrik , Wenisch Sabine , König Sven , Wehrend Axel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe morphology of sheep tails remains relatively understudied. Given the escalating discourse on routine removal of the caudal spine in sheep, a thorough exploration of the anatomical structures within this region is imperative. To examine the tails in detail, this study undertook histological characterisation of three segments (the cranial, middle, and caudal segments) of the tails of 12 undocked Merino sheep lambs. Six lambs were selected for having short tails (37.1 ± 3.0 cm) while the remaining six were chosen for their long tails (49.4 ± 1.7 cm). Immunohistochemical labelling using neuron‐specific enolase antibodies was performed to examine the nerve structures in the tail tip. The general structure of the skin resembles that of other domestic mammals. Interestingly, many sweat and sebaceous glands were found in all three tail segments. These findings support the hypothesis that the tails of sheep play a significant role in thermogenesis and perhaps olfactory communication. The study also revealed nerve fibres extending to the tip of the tail. This observation supports the requirement for pain elimination during tail tip amputation.
VEGFR3 pathway in corneal transplantation
Authors: Laborante Mariateresa , Micera Alessandra , Gaudenzi Daniele , De Luca Andrea , De Gregorio Chiara , Cutrupi Francesco , Esposito Graziana , Balzamino Bijorn Omar , Laborante Antonio , Coassin Marco , Di Zazzo Antonio 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeCorneal transplantation, a common procedure in ophthalmology, faces challenges in high‐risk (HR) cases due to inflammation and vascularization of the host bed, leading to graft rejection. Despite advancements in surgical techniques and therapeutics, preventing rejection in HR cases remains elusive. This study investigates the role of the vascular endothelial‐derived growth factor (VEGF)‐C/D‐VEGFR3 pathway in corneal transplantation, focusing on its impact on inflammation and immune response.MethodsIn this study, 42 eyes of 42 patients were evaluated, 24 of whom underwent corneal transplantation, with follow‐up visits at 90, 180 and 360 days post‐transplantation. Clinical assessments included visual acuity, corneal oedema, endothelial cell count and vascularization. Molecular analyses were performed to measure VEGFR3, VEGF‐C, VEGF‐D, VEGF‐A and inflammatory markers.ResultsResults revealed a distinct pattern of VEGF‐C/D and VEGFR3 expression in HR versus low‐risk (LR) transplants, correlating with inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes. In HR cases, elevated VEGFR3 expression was associated with increased inflammatory markers (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM‐1) and Human Leukocyte Antigen – DR isotype (HLA‐DR)) and graft rejection risk.ConclusionThese findings underscore the importance of understanding the VEGF‐C/D‐VEGFR3 pathway in modulating immune responses and inflammation in corneal transplantation, particularly in HR cases. Targeting this pathway could offer novel therapeutic avenues to mitigate inflammation and improve graft survival. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and validate these findings, potentially enhancing transplant outcomes, especially in HR patients.
The Cycle of Violence: Childhood Abuse, Illicit Drug Use and Adult Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration
Authors: Jiang Chaoxin , Wan Guowei , Shi Jiaming , Mei Yutong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe evidence consistently suggested a link between childhood abuse and violence perpetration in adulthood. However, the mechanism underlying the relationship between childhood abuse and adult intimate partner violence perpetration was still inadequately explored. In addition, the findings from existing research on gender disparities in the cycle of violence remain highly contentious. This study sought to investigate the correlation between childhood abuse and adult intimate partner violence perpetration from a life‐course perspective, while also exploring the mediating role of illicit drug use and examining gender disparities. A sample comprising 4822 participants (mean age = 28.99 years, SD = 1.77) was derived from Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Data analysis employed structural equation modelling (SEM), which encompassed four primary components: measurement model, structural model, bias‐corrected bootstrapping analysis and multigroup analysis. Childhood abuse demonstrated a positive correlation with adult intimate partner violence perpetration. Moreover, the mediating effect of illicit drug use was observed in the relationship between childhood abuse and adult intimate partner violence perpetration. Furthermore, females exhibited a greater propensity to engage in illicit drug use following childhood abuse. This study has not only enhanced our understanding of the underlying mechanisms connecting childhood abuse to violence perpetration in adulthood but also carries implications for both policy and practice.
Reasons for veterinary performed equine euthanasia in one veterinary practice in the UK
Authors: Mair T. S. , Hopkins J. A. , Bellis I. T. 
Published: February 2025

SummaryBackgroundMost horses in the UK die by euthanasia. Euthanasia decisions are stressful for all involved, including veterinarians. There is limited research and a lack of data about the reasons for euthanasia.ObjectivesTo document the numbers and reasons for euthanasia performed by veterinary surgeons in one UK equine practice over a five‐year period.Study designRetrospective descriptive.MethodsDetails of all euthanasias performed at a first opinion equine practice and referral hospital from 2019 to 2023 were retrieved from the electronic health records. Recorded information included demographic data, reasons for euthanasia and whether the procedure was performed in ambulatory practice or at the hospital.ResultsSeven hundred and twenty‐five euthanasias were performed over 5 years. The median age was 17 years (IQR 15, range <12 months–40 years). In contrast, the median age of all equine consultations performed in 2023 was 12 years (IQR 11, range 0–40 years, n = 9115). Breed distribution reflected the breed distribution of the practice. Two hundred and seventy‐five euthanasias were performed in the hospital, and 450 in the ambulatory practice. The commonest reasons for euthanasia included: colic (28.0%), lameness/orthopaedic disease/foot disease (16.4%), neurological disease (7.0%), kick wounds/fractures (6.6%), collapse/recumbency (6.3%) and old age/poor quality of life (5.9%).Main limitationsData from one practice only and likely bias due to the patient population. Variations in quality of records. Exclusion of euthanasias not undertaken by the practice.ConclusionsColic is the commonest reason for veterinary surgeons performing euthanasia. Owners' decisions to perform euthanasia in colic cases require further research but are likely to be multifactorial and include age and cost. Other common reasons include orthopaedic conditions, kick injuries, recumbency, neurological disease and old age. This data can be used in training and preparing veterinary surgeons entering equine practice.
Improving Paragraph Similarity by Sentence Interaction With BERT
Authors: Jin Xi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTResearch on semantic similarity between relatively short texts, for example, at word‐ and sentence‐level, has progressed significantly in recent years. However, paragraph‐level similarity has not been researched in as much detail owing to the challenges associated with embedding representations, despite its utility in numerous applications. A rudimentary approach to paragraph‐level similarity involves treating each paragraph as an elongated sentence, thereby encoding the entire paragraph into a single vector. However, this results in the loss of long‐distance dependency information, ignoring interactions between sentences belonging to different paragraphs. In this paper, we propose a simple yet efficient method for estimating paragraph similarity. Given two paragraphs, it first obtains a vector for each sentence by leveraging advanced sentence‐embedding techniques. Next, the similarity between each sentence in the first paragraph and the second paragraph is estimated as the maximum cosine similarity value between the sentence and each sentence in the second paragraph. This process is repeated for all sentences in the first paragraph to determine the maximum similarity of each sentence with the second paragraph. Finally, overall paragraph similarity is computed by averaging the maximum cosine similarity values. This method alleviates long‐range dependency by embedding sentences individually. In addition, it accounts for sentence‐level interactions between the two paragraphs. Experiments conducted on two benchmark data sets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the baseline approach that encodes entire paragraphs into single vectors.
Research on the Fitting Method for P‐S‐N Curves With Extremely Small Sample Experiment Data: Improved Backwards Statistical Inference Method
Authors: Mu Tong , Zhao Bingfeng , Xie Liyang , Gao Dongwu , Wang Xin , Song Jiaxin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on an improved statistical processing method for extremely small sample probabilistic S‐N (P‐S‐N) curve test data and proposes an improved backwards statistical inference method. By employing a quantile consistency principle, an equivalent large sample of fatigue lives can be obtained by congregating all test data, which enables high‐precision estimation of distribution parameters with limited data at each stress level. The logarithmic life standard deviation is assumed to have a logarithmic linear relationship with the stress levels. A method for revealing the relationship is proposed, and all of the fatigue life data can be equivalently congregated to determine the P‐S‐N curve. The test results demonstrate that this improved method delivers superior fitting results compared to other methods in scenarios with extremely small sample sizes. Additionally, this method imposes no constraints on sample format and allows for flexible setting of stress levels and sample sizes.
Feminist Lens on Gender Roles in Entrepreneurial Intention and Implementation
Authors: Golik Jakub , Wasilczuk Julita E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBased on social feminist theory, post‐structural feminism and gender‐role orientation (GRO) (masculinity, femininity and androgyny), the aim of this research is to study the entrepreneurial process through the lenses of both biological sex and socially constructed gender, in order to disentangle their effects and to shed new light on the process. Secondly, we aim to push forward the research on the early‐stage entrepreneurial process by going beyond entrepreneurial intention. We achieve this by including the entrepreneurial implementation intention construct as an important intermediate step between intention and actual action, thus filling the intention–action gap. We propose a model of the entrepreneurial process consisting of four ordered elements, namely: general risk propensity, entrepreneurial self‐efficacy, entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurial implementation intention. In order to verify the model and to investigate the influence of gender‐role orientations on each of the model's constituents, we employ structural equation modeling. Additionally, we use multigroup analysis to compare males and females. This is done on a group of more than 670 students from Polish and Latvian technical universities. Our research empirically confirms the proposed model of the entrepreneurial process. Biological sex influences risk propensity and entrepreneurial intention while having no impact on entrepreneurial self‐efficacy and entrepreneurial implementation intention. Using GRO provides more insight as we observe that among all individuals masculine GRO reinforces all elements of the entrepreneurial process, whereas feminine GRO does not, with the exception of perceived risk propensity, but only among females. Finally, androgynous GRO has the most varied effect out of all three GROs. Both theoretical approaches explain the lower entrepreneurial intentions of women, which are due to early socialization and experiences shaping social gender, as well as the attribution of entrepreneurship to the male sphere of activity. Finally, our study shows that using both biological sex and social gender concurrently provides more insights.
Managing the Unwanted: An Application of Dispositional Analysis on the Athena SWAN Initiative in UK Business Schools
Authors: Haque Shamima , de Aguiar Thereza Raquel Sales , Bender Keith A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe Athena SWAN initiative proposes to address gender equality and diversity (E&D) in higher education settings. This research examines how Athena SWAN is organized as a means of controlling gender E&D in the context of UK Business Schools. It involves deductive thematic analysis of secondary (Athena SWAN applications) and primary data (semi‐structured interviews). Through the lens of dispositional analysis, we explore the interplay between Foucault's dispositive modalities of law, discipline and dispositives of security involved in the Athena SWAN initiative. We find significant problems in the way these modalities interact with Athena SWAN. There is often a disconnection between the individual, departmental and institutional motivations that affect disciplinary mechanisms, such as the self‐evaluation conducted by the self‐assessment team (SAT). Strategic decisions are typically centralized at the university level, emphasizing achieving optimal levels of inequality comparable with the sector which is in line with accreditations, rankings and funding requirements. This often leads to problems related to a lack of control and clear accountability procedures. The results of this study suggest that Athena SWAN creates a space for self‐governing and visibility of gender E&D practices. However, without legal structures there has been limited progress in advancing this agenda because discipline and security take over by establishing a new “normative” level based on optimization. Legal structures can destabilize the “normative” optimum level of current E&D practices, opening new possibilities for discipline to prevent the unwanted.
Geniposide Protects Against Myocardial Infarction Injury via the Restoration in Gut Microbiota and Gut–Brain Axis
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhu Tong , Yang Jinbao , Shen Mengqing , Wang Danmei , Gu Boyuan , Xu Jin , Zhang Mingxia , Hao Xiuli , Tang Zheng , Tong Jie , Du Yan , Zhang Bao , Li Hongbao , Xu MengLu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTImproving gut dysbiosis and impaired gut–brain axis has been a potent therapeutic strategy for treating myocardial infarction (MI). Geniposide (GEN), a traditional Chinese medicine extract, has demonstrated substantial cardioprotective properties post‐MI. Nevertheless, the effect of GEN on gut microbial, gut–brain communication, and its potential mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we initially found that GEN significantly alleviated MI‐induced cardiac dysfunction from echocardiographic data and decreased myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, apoptosis and hypertrophy post‐MI. Additionally, we investigated the effects of GEN on gut pathology, and observed that GEN led to a remarkable change in gut microbiota as evidenced by altering β‐diversity and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, and alleviated intestinal damage indicated by reduced inflammation and barrier permeability post‐MI. Finally, our investigation into brain pathology revealed that GEN induced a remarkable inhibition in PVN inflammation and sympathetic activity following MI. Collectively, these findings imply that the cardioprotective effects of GEN against MI were mediated possibly via an improvement in the impaired gut–brain axis. Mechanically, GEN‐induced increase of microbiota‐derived SCFAs might be the critical factor linking gut microbiota and reduced neuroinflammation with PVN, which leads to the suppression of sympathetic activation, therefore protecting the myocardium against MI‐induced damage.