bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deposition of Palladium Nanodots of Controlled Size and Density onto Surface‐Modified SiO2 Particles by an Atmospheric Pressure CVS/MOCVD Process
Authors: Binder A. , Heel A. , Kasper G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA continuous gas‐phase process under atmospheric pressure for tailoring Pd/SiO2 catalyst particles is described and characterized. Emphasis is placed on controlling the size and number density of Pd nanodots on the surface of the carrier particle. In the first step, sub‐micrometer‐sized SiO2 support particles are generated continuously in a flow reactor by chemical vapor synthesis (CVS) from tetraethyl(ortho)silicate (TEOS). A process‐integrated method is described to vary the surface concentration of hydroxyl groups on the SiO2 between about 1 and 6 OH groups per nm2, by adjusting the synthesis conditions. In a second step, Pd nanodots are deposited onto the SiO2 by metal–organic (MO)CVD of Cp(allyl)Pd [(η3‐allyl)(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)palladium]. The median diameter of the Pd nanodots was varied between about 1.3 and 3 nm (σg ∼1.2) by adjusting the precursor concentration in the gas phase. It is shown that the number density of the Pd islands varied in proportion to the density of hydroxyl groups on the SiO2 in the range 0‐12 Pd islands per 100 nm2 of carrier particle surface.
A Passion for Publishing
Authors: Hitchman Michael L. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract2007 marks the bicentennial of John Wiley & Sons' publishing business. In this editorial, the Editor takes a brief look back in time, examining the history and origins of a technique that would come to be known as chemical vapor deposition, and comments on the journal's rise to being the forum of choice for publishing the best research in this industrially and academically important field.
The Synthesis, Crystal and Band Structures, and Properties of the Quaternary Supramolecular Complexes [Hg6Z4](MX6)Hgy (Z = As, Sb; M = Hg, Cd; X = Cl, Br, I; y = 0, 0.5, 0.6)
Authors: Zou Jian‐Ping , Li Yan , Fu Ming‐Lai , Guo Guo‐Cong , Xu Gang , Liu Xue‐Hui , Zhou Wei‐Wei , Huang Jin‐Shun 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe series of supramolecular complexes (Hg6As4)(CdCl6)Hg0.5 (1), (Hg6As4)(HgCl6)Hg0.5 (2), (Hg6As4)(CdBr6) (3), and (Hg6Sb4)(CdI6)Hg0.6 (4) has been prepared by a solid‐state reaction and their crystal structures determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. All these compounds crystallize in the space group Pa$\bar {3}$ with four formula units in a cell: a = 12.172(2) (1), 12.189(1) (2), 12.3738(5) (3), and 13.234(2) Å (4). Their structures feature a 3D cationic host framework that is built up of linearly coordinated mercury and tetrahedrally coordinated pnicogen atoms to form distorted As2Hg6 or Sb2Hg6 octahedra, and discrete guest anions. The distorted octahedra corner‐share with each other to form a perovskite‐like, 3D cationic framework that possess two types of closed cavities with different sizes. The octahedral guest anions (MX6)4– are embedded in the larger cavities, whereas the smaller cavities trap the excess mercury atoms or remain empty. The optical properties were investigated by diffuse reflectance and FT IR spectroscopy. The electronic band structures and density of states (DOS) calculated by DFT methods indicate that the present compounds are semiconductors and that the optical absorption mainly originates from the charge transitions from the p orbital of the pnicogen (As or Sb) and halogen (Cl, Br or I) atoms states to the Hg1 6s states for 1, 3, and 4, and to Hg1 6s and Hg3 6sstates for 2.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Developing an Iridium Oxide Film Modified Microelectrode for Microscale Measurement of pH
Authors: Li Jianping , Du Yalin , Fang Cheng 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIridium oxide film modified microelectrode was fabricated by anodic oxidation method onto the tip of an etched iridium wire in diluted sulfuric acid solution by cyclic voltammetry. The iridium oxide film microelectrode exhibited very promising pH sensing performance, with an ideal Nernstian in the tested pH range of 0 to 14. This method for preparing microelectrode allowed accurately control of the deposited amount and the rate of the iridium oxide film growth. The electrodes demonstrated advantages of long lifetime, good selectivity and fast response with a relative time less than 0.2 s for pH changes in a large scale. The microelectrode was not interfered by a wide variety of inorganic ions and organic compounds. Furthermore, the electrodes were successfully applied to the measurement of pH in microscale of apples.
Flexible Ultrathin PolyDVB/EVB Composite Membranes for the Optimization of a Whole Blood Glucose Sensor
Authors: Bridge Kerry , Davis Frank , Collyer Stuart , Higson Séamus P. J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAn ultrathin composite membrane has been developed as the outer covering barrier in a model amperometric glucose oxidase enzyme electrode. The membrane was formed by cathodic electropolymerization of divinylbenzene/ethylvinylbenzene at the surface of a gold coated polyester support membrane. Permeability coefficients were determined for O2 and glucose across membranes with a range of polymer thicknesses. Anionic interferents (such as ascorbate), were screened from the working electrode via a charge exclusion mechanism. The enzyme electrode showed an initial 10% signal drift when first exposed to whole human blood over a period of 2 hours, after which responses remained essentially stable. Whole blood patient glucose determinations yielded a correlation coefficient of r2=0.99 compared to standard hospital analyses.
Uppsalator's acceleration
Authors: Pastushenko Vassili Ph. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSemiquantitative prediction of the Uppsalator (electroosmotical oscillator developed in Uppsala) under constant voltage is confirmedvianumerical solution of exact nonlinear integro‐differential equations in partial derivatives (PDE). Critical voltage and characteristic features of pressure and liquid flow velocity as functions of time are reproduced with high precision. In particular, the number of inflection pointsperperiod of oscillating velocity increases with growing voltage from two to six. A new feature is demonstrated. For sufficiently high voltages the Uppsalator shows normal deceleration,i.e., the oscillation period grows with voltage. However, in some supercritical range of voltages, acceleration is observed, as expressed by decrease of the oscillation period with growing voltage. Thus, the Uppsalator at constant voltage considered earlier as an impossible phenomenon represents a great challenge for experimental verification.
A dynamic molecular probe to investigate catalytic effects and Joule heating in enantioselective MEKC
Authors: Trapp Oliver 
Published: January 2007

AbstractEnantiomerization of ferroin [tris(1,10‐phenanthroline)‐iron(II)‐complex] was investigated by enantioselective dynamic micellar EKC. The enantiomer separation was performed in an aqueous 50 mM sodium borate/sodium dihydrogenphosphate buffer at pH 8.0 in the presence of the chiral surfactant sodium cholate. The unified equation of dynamic chromatography was employed to determine reaction rate constants from the electropherograms featured with distinct plateau formation. Activation parameters ΔH≠ = 124.0 ± 0.5 kJ/mol and ΔS≠ = 121 ± 1 J·K−1mol−1 were calculated from temperature‐dependent measurements between 10.0 and 27.5°C in 2.5 K steps. Considering the data obtained by polarimetry of enantiomeric pure ferroin in water, it was found that enantiomerization rate in the micelle is accelerated by a factor of 12. Because of the highly positive activation entropy ΔS≠, ferroin was used as a temperature‐sensitive dynamic molecular probe to determine temperature deviations caused by Joule heating.
Investigation of hormone activity in butterfly imaginal wing discs by protein expression pattern changes
Authors: Cieslak Alexandra , Vogler Alfried P. , Lafranchi‐Tristem Nathalie , Dunn Michael J. , Westbrook Jules A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn a proteomic approach using 2‐DE, the changes in protein expression patterns in wing imaginal discs induced by hormone treatment have been studied. Here we show the response of butterfly imaginal wing disc tissue taken from late fifth instar larvae of the African‐Mocker swallowtail Papilio dardanus (Lepidoptera) to the insect hormones 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20‐HE) and juvenile hormone (JH). The tissues were cultured in the presence of one hormone or a combination of both and their protein expression was compared to the pattern obtained from untreated wing discs. All the treatments resulted in changes in the expression pattern distinct from the uninduced control, indicating a distinct protein regulation induced by the hormones. The treatment with both of the hormones, which are known to have antagonistic physiological effects, did show a unique pattern, presumably the result, in part, of synergistic effects on protein expression mediated by the combined effects of both the hormones. The extent of the interaction between JH and 20‐HE indicates a complex molecular regulation, far beyond a simple antagonistic effect.
Shotgun electroelution: A proteomic tool for simultaneous sample elution from whole SDS‐polyacrylamide gel slabs
Authors: Antal József , Bányász Borbála , Buzás Zsuzsanna 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA high‐throughput device has been constructed which allows parallel electroelution of separated SDS‐protein bands directly from intact unsectioned polyacrylamide gel slabs as well as single electroelution of certain protein spots into a 384‐well standard flat‐bottom multiwell plate. The prototype provides complete, quick elution for proteomics from 1‐D or from 2‐D gels without gel sectioning. Since the elution chamber matrix requires no assembly, sample handling can be easily carried out by existing robotic workstations. The current design is a good candidate for automation of spot elution since there are no moving liquid containing components in the apparatus. Eight SDS‐proteins were eluted in test runs and an average 70% sample recovery was achieved by re‐electrophoresis of the electroeluates.
pH transients during salt removal in isoelectric trapping separations: A curse revisited
Authors: Shave Evan , Vigh Gyula 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe pH transients that occur during isoelectric trapping separations as a result of the removal of nonampholytic ionic components have been re‐examined. Salts containing strong electrolyte anions and cations, both with equal and dissimilar mobilities, have been studied using anodic and cathodic buffering membranes whose pH values were both equidistant and nonequidistant from pH 7. The direction and magnitude of the pH transient (acidic or basic) was found to depend on both the mobilities of the anion and cation (μanion/μcation) and the pH difference between pH 7 and the pH of the buffering membranes (|pHmembanodic − 7|/|7 − pHmembcathodic|). When |pHmembanodic − 7|/|7 − pHmembcathodic| = 1, μanion/μcation<1 leads to an acidic pH transient, μanion/μcation = 1 eliminates the pH transient and μanion/μcation>1 leads to a basic pH transient. When μanion/μcation = 1, |pHmembanodic − 7|/|7 − pHmembcathodic|<1 leads to a basic pH transient, |pHmembanodic − 7|/|7 − pHmembcathodic| = 1 eliminates the pH transient and |pHmembanodic − 7|/|7 − pHmembcathodic|>1 leads to an acidic pH transient. By selecting appropriate anodic and cathodic buffering membranes to adjust the |pHmembanodic − 7|/|7 − pHmembcathodic| value, pH transients caused by dissimilar anion and cation mobilities can be avoided.
Control system for the switched reluctance drive of a flywheel energy‐storage module
Authors: Vázquez C. , Lafoz M. , Ugena D. , García‐Tabarés L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a novel control system for the operation of a flywheel energy‐storage (FES) module used for power peak shaving in high‐speed railway substations. A double power converter drives a switched reluctance machine (SRM) along with a flywheel operating in a wide speed range. An innovative controller architecture based on modular microcontrolled boards connected through a CAN network is introduced. Standard switching patterns are modified to reduce iron and semiconductor losses and to improve harmonic performance. Experimental results for a 140 kW/5 MJ prototype are presented confirming controller compliance with the system specifications and requirements. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A finite element model for free surface flows on fixed meshes
Authors: Coppola‐Owen A. H. , Codina R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we present a finite element model for free surface flows on fixed meshes. The main novelty of the approach, compared with typical fixed mesh finite element models for such flows, is that we take advantage of the particularities of free surface flow, instead of considering it a particular case of two‐phase flow. The fact that a given free surface implies a known boundary condition on the interface, allows us to solve the Navier–Stokes equations on the fluid domain uncoupled from the solution on the rest of the finite element mesh. This, together with the use of enhanced integration allows us to model low Froude number flows accurately, something that is not possible with typical two‐phase flow models applied to free surface flow. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A battery of DNA effect biomarkers to evaluate environmental exposure of Flemish adolescents
Authors: Koppen G. , Verheyen G. , Maes A. , Gorp U. Van , Schoeters G. , Hond E. Den , Staessen J. , Nawrot T. , Roels H. A. , Vlietinck R. , Verschaeve L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe present paper deals with the evaluation of a battery of genotoxicity biomarkers in healthy Flemish adolescents and their relation with common pollutants occurring in their life environment. DNA damage as reflected by the comet assay appeared to be most sensitive to ozone (partial r2 = 0.102, p < 0.00001), and to a lesser extent to ortho‐cresol (partial r2 = 0.055; p = 0.001) and 1‐hydroxy‐pyrene (1‐OH‐pyrene, partial r2 = 0.031; p = 0.013). 8‐hydroxy‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) was only related to ortho‐cresol (r2 = 0.069; p < 0.007). Interestingly, the comet assay results and urinary 8‐OHdG concentrations were positively correlated with a Pearson r = 0.21 (p = 0.003, N = 200). Logistic regression models revealed significant relations between chromatid breaks and 1‐OH‐pyrene (relative risk (RR): 1.58; p = 0.008), and t,t‐muconic acid (RR: 1.71; p = 0.014). There was no correlation between micronucleus formation or occurrence of chromosomal or chromatid breaks on the one hand and comet or 8‐OHdG results on the other hand. Thus, in this study the comet assay on whole blood samples and urine 8‐OHdG measurements especially appeared sensitive biomarkers for assessing the genetic effects of environmental pollutants to which adolescents may be exposed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumor microenvironment: The role of the tumor stroma in cancer
Authors: Li Hanchen , Fan Xueli , Houghton JeanMarie 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment, composed of non‐cancer cells and their stroma, has become recognized as a major factor influencing the growth of cancer. The microenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of cell growth, determining metastatic potential and possibly determining location of metastatic disease, and impacting the outcome of therapy. While the stromal cells are not malignant per se, their role in supporting cancer growth is so vital to the survival of the tumor that they have become an attractive target for chemotherapeutic agents. In this review, we will discuss the various cellular and molecular components of the stromal environment, their effects on cancer cell dynamics, and the rationale and implications of targeting this environment for control of cancer. Additionally, we will emphasize the role of the bone marrow‐derived cell in providing cells for the stroma. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 805–815, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dissection of mammalian replicators by a novel plasmid stability assay
Authors: Hashizume Toshihiko , Shimizu Noriaki 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA plasmid, bearing a mammalian replication initiation region (IR) and a matrix attachment region (MAR) was previously shown to be efficiently amplified to high copy number in mammalian cells and to generate chromosomal homogeneously staining regions (HSRs). The amplification mechanism was suggested to entail a head‐on collision at the MAR between the transcription machinery and the hypothetical replication fork arriving from the IR, leading to double strand breakage (DSB) that triggered HSR formation. The experiments described here show that such plasmids are stabilized if collisions involving not only promoter‐driven transcription but also promoter‐independent transcription are avoided, and stable plasmids appeared to persist as submicroscopic episomes. These findings suggest that the IR sequence that promotes HSR generation may correspond to the sequence that supports replication initiation (replicator). Thus, we developed a “plasmid stability assay” that sensitively detects the activity of HSR generation in a test sequence. The assay was used to dissect two replicator regions, derived from the c‐myc and DHFR ori‐β loci. Consequently, minimum sequences that efficiently promoted HSR generation were identified. They included several sequence elements, most of which coincided with reported replicator elements. These data and this assay will benefit studies of replication initiation and applications that depend on plasmid amplification. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 552–565, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Jedi—a novel transmembrane protein expressed in early hematopoietic cells
Authors: Krivtsov Andrei V. , Rozov Fedor N. , Zinovyeva Marina V. , Hendrikx P. Jan , Jiang Yajuan , Visser Jan W.M. , Belyavsky Alexander V. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSelf‐renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are defined by the ensembles of genes expressed by these cells. Here we report identification of a novel gene named Jedi, which is expressed predominantly in short‐ and long‐term repopulating stem cells when compared to more mature bone marrow progenitors. Jedi mRNA encodes a transmembrane protein that contains multiple EGF‐like repeats. Jedi and two earlier reported proteins, MEGF10 and MEGF11, share a substantial homology and are likely to represent a novel protein family. Studies of the potential role of Jedi in hematopoietic regulation demonstrated that the retrovirally mediated expression of Jedi in bone marrow cells decreased the number of myeloid progenitors in in vitro clonogenic assays. In addition, expression of Jedi in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts resulted in a decreased number of late and early myeloid progenitors in the non‐adherent co‐cultured bone marrow cells. Jedi shares a number of structural features with the Jagged/Serrate/Delta family of Notch ligands, and our experiments indicate that the extracellular domain of Jedi, similar to the corresponding domain of Jagged1, inhibits Notch signaling. On the basis of obtained results, we suggest that Jedi is involved in the fine regulation of the early stages of hematopoietic differentiation, presumably through the Notch signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 767–784, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD36 is a novel and potential anti‐fibrogenic target in albumin‐induced renal proximal tubule fibrosis
Authors: Yang Yu‐Lin , Lin Shyh‐Horng , Chuang Lea‐Yea , Guh Jinn‐Yuh , Liao Tung‐Nan , Lee Tao‐Chen , Chang Wen‐Teng , Chang Fang‐Rong , Hung Min‐Yuan , Chiang Tai‐An , Hung Chien‐Ya 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAlbumin is not only a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy (DN), but also a therapeutic target. Hence, scientists have long sought ways to elucidate the interactions between albumin and diabetic renal tubule fibrosis. CD36, a surface receptor for thrombospondin‐1, has been reported to interact with latent transforming growth factor‐beta1 (TGF‐β1) and activate its fibrogenic bioactivity. This study elucidates the interactions between CD36 and renal tubule fibrosis. LLC‐PK1 cells were applied to represent renal proximal tubule cells. The expression of CD36 was evaluated by flow cytometry. Fibronectin was assayed by Western blot and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bioactive TGF‐β1 was assayed by ELISA. We demonstrated that albumin was shown significantly to inhibit cell growth without affecting hypertrophy status since protein content and cell size remained unaffected under albumin treatment. Moreover, albumin dose‐dependently (0, 1, or 10 mg/ml) enhanced the secretion of bioactive TGF‐β1 and fibronectin with the upregulation of CD36. Intriguingly, CD36 siRNA, a potent silencer for CD36 effectively suppressed the albumin‐induced increase in CD36, TGF‐β1, and even fibronectin level. Accordingly, albumin is a pro‐fibrogenic factor for proximal tubule cells since albumin per se markedly upregulated the expression of TGF‐β1 and fibronectin. Most importantly, CD36 may mediate albumin‐induced cellular fibrosis since CD36 siRNA appeared to have anti‐fibrosis effects. This work suggests that CD36 is a novel and potential therapeutic target for diabetic renal tubule fibrosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 735–744, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contributions of pro‐oxidant and anti‐oxidant conditions to the actions of 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 on phosphate uptake in intestinal cells
Authors: Peery Sven L. , Nemere Ilka 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe steroid hormone 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] rapidly stimulates the uptake of phosphate in isolated chick intestinal cells, while the steroid 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] inhibits the rapid stimulation by 1,25(OH)2D3. Earlier work in this laboratory has indicated that a cellular binding protein for 24,25(OH)2D3 is the enzyme catalase. Since binding resulted in decreased catalase activity and increased H2O2 production, studies were undertaken to determine if pro‐oxidant conditions mimicked the inhibitory actions of 24,25(OH)2D3, and anti‐oxidant conditions prevented the inhibitory actions of 24,25(OH)2D3. An antibody against the 24,25(OH)2D3 binding protein was found to neutralize the inhibitory effect of the steroid on 1,25(OH)2D3‐mediated 32P uptake. Incubation of cells in the presence of 50 nM catalase was also found to alleviate inhibition. In another series of experiments, isolated intestinal epithelial cells were incubated as controls or with 1,25(OH)2D3, each in the presence of the catalase inhibitor 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole, or with 1,25(OH)2D3 alone. Cells exposed to hormone alone again showed an increased accumulation of 32P, while cells treated with catalase inhibitor and hormone had uptake levels that were indistinguishable from controls. We tested whether inactivation of protein kinase C (PKC), the signaling pathway for 32P uptake, occurred. Incubation of cells with phorbol‐13‐myristate (PMA) increased 32P uptake, while cells pretreated with 50 µM H2O2 prior to PMA did not exhibit increased uptake. Likewise, PMA significantly increased PKC activity while cells exposed to H2O2 prior to PMA did not. It is concluded that catalase has a central role in mediating rapid responses to steroid hormones. J. Cell. Biochem. 101:1176–1184, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.