bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining Prostate MRI and Microultrasound to Omit Systematic Biopsy
Authors: Luca Dan , Roy Arkaprava , Pensa Jake W. , Ashouri Rani , Nguyen Brianna , Walsh Kevin J. , Zhang Zhongyue , Grajo Joseph R. , Falzarano Sara Moscovita , O'Malley Padraic G. , Crispen Paul L. , Lee Ji-Hyun , Brisbane Wayne G. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
The diagnosis of prostate cancer often includes MRI-guided biopsy. Many surgeons perform targeted and systematic biopsies to compensate for registration errors between MRI and conventional ultrasound (5-7 mHz). Using 29 mHz, microultrasound visualizes prostate cancers, enabling visual confirmation of target sampling. We sought to evaluate whether an MRI + microultrasound targeted biopsy could omit systematic biopsy.

Methods:
We retrospectively evaluated 155 men undergoing transperineal prostate biopsy at the University of Florida. Eighty-three men met inclusion criteria: MRI prior, microultrasound guidance, and targeted and systematic biopsy. The MRI target was visualized with microultrasound and biopsied. We graded each region of interest (ROI) using Prostate Imaging Reporting & Data System (PI-RADS) and Prostate Risk Identification using Micro-Ultrasound (PRI-MUS) scores. We considered cores containing Grade Group ≥ 2 (GG ≥ 2) as clinically significant prostate cancer. The primary endpoint was the GG ≥ 2 cancer detection rate (CDR = GG ≥ 2 targeted cores/GG ≥ 2 all cores).

Results:
Patients with PI-RADS and PRI-MUS scores ≥ 3 had a targeted-only CDR of 93.3%. Those with scores ≥ 4 (dual imaging visible) had a CDR of 97.4%. Systematic without targeted cores had CDR of 61.5%. One patient (1.2%) had GG ≥ 2 detected on systematic biopsy alone. Area under the curve (AUC) values for PI-RADS, PRI-MUS, and dual imaging visible lesions were 0.73, 0.69, and 0.73, respectively (P = NS).

Conclusions:
Only 1 patient, with a dual imaging visible ROI, had GG ≥ 2 detected on systematic biopsy but not in the ROI. Otherwise, > 97% of clinically significant prostate cancer were detected with targeted biopsies alone. In dual imaging visible ROIs, surgeons may consider omitting systematic biopsy.
Prevalence of Eating Disorders Among Adults With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Ordaz-Alvarez Hector Ricardo , Priego-Parra Bryan Adrian , Reyes-Diaz Sara Alejandra , Garcia-Zermeño Karla Rocio , del Rocio Francisco Maria , Amieva-Balmori Mercedes , Lemus-Chavarria Melvy Priscilla , Roesch-Ramos Laura , Cano-Contreras Ana Delfina , Roesch-Dietlen Federico Bernhardo , Remes-Troche José Maria 
Published: February 2025

Goal:
To investigate the prevalence of eating disorder (ED) symptoms among Mexican adults with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Background:
The relationship between IBS and EDs is complex, yet understudied, particularly in Latin America.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 369 Mexican adults (18 to 69 y), comprising 133 IBS patients and 236 healthy controls (HCs), were evaluated using the Rome IV criteria, The Spanish version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (S-EDE-Q), the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Statistical analysis included the Student t test or the Wilcoxon Rank-sum test for group comparisons, the Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple comparisons, and logistic regression, with a significance threshold set at a P-value of <0.05.

Results:
IBS individuals were at an increased risk for clinically significant S-EDE-Q when compared with HCs (12.8% vs. 3.8%, odds ratio OR 3.6, 95% CI: 1.5-8.5; P=0.001), especially among younger individuals. IBS individuals displayed a higher risk for dietary restraint and heightened concerns about eating, body shape, and weight. In addition, binge-eating episodes occurred more frequently within the IBS group. Notably, there were no significant differences in body mass index between individuals with clinically significant S-EDE-Q and those with normal scores. IBS individuals with severe symptoms had higher S-EDE-Q scores; furthermore, those with IBS and clinically significant S-EDE-Q exhibited higher levels of anxiety and depression.

Conclusions:
Our study reveals a significantly higher risk for ED in IBS individuals compared with HCs. This highlights the crucial importance of conducting ED screenings before dietary interventions, particularly among younger individuals and those displaying elevated levels of anxiety and depression.
Implications of Neoadjuvant Therapy on Prognostic Factors in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Path Towards Personalized Prognostication
Authors: Javed Ammar A. , Habib Joseph R. , Andel Paul C.M. , Campbell Brady A. , Rompen Ingmar F. , Mahmud Omar , Fatimi Asad , van Goor Iris W.J.M. , Schouten Thijs J. , Stoop Thomas F. , Salinas Camila Hidalgo , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. , Koerkam Bas Groot , Molenaar I. Quintus , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Besselink Marc G. , He Jin , Daamen Lois A ,   for the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group and the PANC-PALS Consortium
Published: February 2025

Objective:
The aim of the study was to investigate prognostic factors in context of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) and develop tools that can allow for accurate and personalized patient prognostication.

Summary of Background Data:
NAT might impact the prognostic ability of well-established clinicopathological factors in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods:
Patients after resection for PDAC were identified from the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group Recurrence Database and institutional databases at NYU Langone Health and the Johns Hopkins Hospital (2014-2019). Patients were stratified into NAT and chemo-naïve groups. Overall survival (OS), calculated from the time of resection, was estimated using Kaplan-Meier and compared using log-rank tests. Prognostic factors associated with OS were assessed in both groups using univariable and multivariable Cox-regression analyses and presented using hazard ratios (HR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Predictive models were developed and an interactive tool was created to predict survival independently in both groups.

Results:
Of 2,760 patients with resected PDAC, 778 patients (28%) received NAT. Independent predictors for worse OS in chemo-naïve patients included age ≥65 years, markedly elevated CA19-9 (≥500 U/mL) at diagnosis, higher AJCC-T stage (T3/4 vs T1/2), worsening AJCC N-stage (N2 vs. N1 vs. N0), poor tumor differentiation, perineural invasion, and microscopically positive resection margin (R1 vs. R0). Contrastingly, predictors for worse OS in NAT patients included non-normalization of CA19-9 after NAT (<37 U/mL), presence of nodal disease (N1/2 vs. N0 given no statistical difference between N1 and N2 disease), and grade of treatment response (moderate/poor vs. complete/near complete).

Conclusion:
Prognostic factors for OS in patients with resected PDAC differ between chemo-naïve and NAT patients. Personalized prediction tools for OS in resected PDAC based on these specific factors are available online (www.pancpals.com/tools).
Effect of Aging and Sex on Clot Formation, Structure, and Lysis in Trauma Patients
Authors: Piplani Charoo , Gosselin Andrew , Bargoud Christopher , Macor Marie , Choron Rachel L , Hanna Joseph S , Tutwiler Valerie , Goswami Julie 
Published: February 2025

Background:
The dynamics of blood clotting are influenced by age and sex, potentially impacting treatment outcomes and susceptibility to complications in trauma patients. This study aimed to identify how age and sex impact clot formation and resolution kinetics, and network structure in trauma patients, exploring their potential implications for personalized treatment strategies.

Study Design:
Trauma patients meeting the highest level of trauma designation had plasma isolated after emergency department admission prior to any resuscitative fluid administration. Thrombin generation kinetics, rheological clot mechanics, fibrin network properties and optical density were measured in patient plasma.

Results:
Sixty-three patients were included in this study. The majority (76%) were male, and the age range was 18 to 87 years old, with median age of 38. Older patients had increased mortality at similar ISS as young patients, while exhibiting greater clot stiffness and increased time to thrombin generation. Increasing patient age was associated with increased thrombin lag time, time to peak thrombin and fibrinogen normalized stiffness. Male and female patients had similar mortality rates and Injury Severity Scores but exhibited significant differences in clot stiffness and lysis as they age.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that aging in trauma patients correlates with prolonged clot formation rate despite the presence of stiffer clots and reduced fibrinolysis in older males. Our findings highlight the importance of age and sex when developing resuscitation protocols and tailoring treatment strategies for acute traumatic coagulopathy in trauma patients. Further research is needed to effectively develop and implement such protocols to optimize clinical outcomes in this patient population.
An open-source, externally validated neural network algorithm to recognize daily-life gait of older adults based on the lower-back sensor
Authors: Zhang Yuge , Bruijn Sjoerd M. , Punt Michiel , Helbostad Jorunn L. , Pijnappels Mirjam , David Sina 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundAccurate gait recognition from daily physical activities is a critical first step for further fall risk assessment and rehabilitation monitoring based on inertial sensors. However, most openly available models are based on healthy young adults ambulating in structured conditions.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop an open-source and externally validated algorithm for daily-life gait recognition of older adults based on acceleration and angular velocity, as well as acceleration data only, and explore the effect of the use of data augmentation in the model training.MethodsA convolutional neural network was trained for gait recognition. The data for model training was lower-back inertial sensor data from 20 older adults (mean age 76 years old), with annotated synchronized activity labels in semi-structured and daily-life conditions. The data was randomly split into training, validation, and testing datasets by participants, and the model was trained multiple times using these different splits. The model was trained based on data from six channels (accelerations and angular velocities) and three channels (accelerations only) under conditions with and without data augmentation, respectively. External validation was evaluated based on lower-back sensor data collected from 47 stroke survivors (mean age 72.3 years old) in balance and walking tests.ResultsFor the testing dataset, the median accuracy ranged from 94 % to 98 %, precision from 63 % to 85 %, sensitivity from 95 % to 97 %, F1-score from 76 % to 90 %, and specificity from 94 % to 98 %. For the external validation dataset, the median accuracy ranged from 97 % to 100 %, precision from 99.9 % to 100 %, sensitivity from 71 % to 100 %, F1-score from 83 % to 100 %, and specificity 100 %.ConclusionsBased on lower-back-worn inertial sensor data, we provide an accurate, open-source, and externally validated daily-life gait recognition algorithm for older adults, with one model for six-axis input data and another for three-axis input data. Besides, we found when training the model, the use of data augmentation is especially helpful on the model based on acceleration data only.
Loss of white matter tracts and persistent microglial activation in the chronic phase of ischemic stroke in female rats and the effect of miR-20a-3p treatment
Authors: Sampath Dayalan , Zardeneta Macy E. , Akbari Zara , Singer Jacob , Gopalakrishnan Balaji , Hurst David Austin , Villarreal Monserrat , McDaniel Erin A. , Noarbe Brenda Patricia , Obenaus Andre , Sohrabji Farida 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTOur previous studies showed that intravenous injections of the small non-coding RNA mir-20a-3p is neuroprotective for stroke in the acute phase and attenuates long-term cognitive impairment in middle-aged female rats. In this study, we evaluated postmortem brain pathology at 100+d after stroke in a set of behaviorally characterized animals. This included Sham (no stroke) controls or stroke animals that received either mir20a-3p at 4h, 24h and 70d iv post stroke (MCAo+mir20a-3p) or a scrambled oligo (MCAo+Scr). Brain volumetric features were analyzed with T2 weighted and Diffusion Tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by histological analysis. Principal component analysis of Fractional Anisotropy (FA)-diffusion tensor MRI measures showed that MCAo+Scr and MCAo+mir20a-3p groups differed significantly in the volume of white matter but not gray matter. Weil myelin-stained sections confirmed decreased volume of the corpus callosum, internal capsule and the anterior commissure in the ischemic hemisphere of MCAo+Scr animals compared to the non-ischemic hemisphere, while sham and MCAo+Mir-20a-3p showed no hemispheric asymmetries. The MCAo+Scr group also exhibited asymmetry in hemisphere and lateral ventricle volumes, with ventricular enlargement in the ischemic hemisphere as compared to the non-ischemic hemisphere. The numbers of microglia were significantly elevated in white matter tracts in the MCAo+Scr group, with a trend towards increased myelin phagocytic microglia in these tracts. Regression analysis indicated that performance on an episodic memory test (novel object recognition test; NORT) was associated with decreased white matter volume and increased microglial numbers. These data support the hypothesis that stroke-induced cognitive impairment is accompanied by white matter attrition and persistent microglial activation and is consistent with reports that cognitive deterioration resulting from vascular diseases, such as stroke, is associated with secondary neurodegeneration in regions distal from the initial infarction.
Topological Analysis ofMacaca mulatta’s Cortical Structures Through the Lens of Poincaré Duality
Authors: Tozzi Arturo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPoincaré duality from algebraic topology describes how shapes and spaces interrelate across different dimensions, linking structures of one scale to complementary structures at another. This suggests that densely packed neurons in certain brain areas may correspond to broader connectivity patterns, balancing local processing with global communication. Applying this framework to cortical histological images ofMacaca mulatta, we analysed neuronal clustering, connectivity graphs and intensity distributions to identify self-dual structural patterns and reveal the contribution of local organization to large-scale network activity. Using image processing techniques such as contrast enhancement, edge detection and graph-theoretic modeling, we examined how dense neuron clusters correspond to functionally sparse regions and vice versa. We found that high-density neuronal zones form closed-loop topological structures that correspond to homology cycles, while sparser areas function as large-scale integrators, aligning with cohomology properties. Local connectivity hubs in neuron-dense regions support regional specialization, while large-scale, sparser areas, though less connected, facilitate global communication by acting as pathways for long-range integration. Graph-theoretic analysis of connectivity patterns confirmed a reciprocal relationship between clustering coefficients and global centrality. Statistical analysis using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests revealed conserved topological distributions across different cortical regions, supporting the hypothesis that cortical connectivity maintains structural invariance under local perturbations. These findings provide insights into the mathematical principles governing brain architecture, suggesting that topological methods can enhance our understanding of cortical function. Future research may extend these approaches to higher-dimensional embeddings, network theory in primate brains, functional neuroimaging, human disease modeling and artificial intelligence.
Well, or Well Enough? An exploration of the need for guidance addressing clinician wellbeing and fitness to practice in UK Clinical Psychologists
Authors: Birkett L. , Hagan A. J. , Verity S.J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPractitioner Psychologists in the UK are required to meet standards of practice pertinent to their professional grouping to maintain registration with the Health and Care Professional Council. Updated guidance in effect from 1stSeptember 2023 states that registrants are now required to develop and adopt clear strategies for physical and mental self-care, thus requiring registrants to be agentic in implementing active methods of well-being management. A survey of 301 UK based Clinical Psychologists sought to determine whether a self-assessment tool to identify risk factors for wellbeing would be of benefit. The majority of participants endorsed the potential utility, necessity, and benefit of such a measure. Limitations of a self-assessment wellbeing measure are discussed, as well as systemic issues that impact well-being. This paper supports the development of a self-assessment wellbeing tool for those working within clinical psychology.
Xuefu Zhuyu Oral Liquid as Adjunctive Therapy on Stable Angina: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Cao Wencong , Liao Shaojun , Zhou Li , Li Geng , Jiang Junwen , Lv Weihui , Dong Bo , Liu Li , Zhang Jie , Wang Yanchun , Ouyang Wenwei , Du Yi , Wen Zehuai 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundStable angina (SA) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, and there is increasing interest in nonpharmacological treatments. Xuefu Zhuyu oral liquid (XZOL) is a Chinese medicine that has been approved in China for the treatment of SA, but further studies are needed to establish its efficacy and safety. We aimed to provide a reliable assessment of the safety and efficacy of XZOL in patients with SA.MethodsWe did a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at 6 hospitals in China. Participants were randomized into 2 treatment groups, and allocated to receive of either XZOL or matching placebo over 12 weeks and were followed-up for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was the average pain intensity of angina, which was measured by the change from baseline to week 12 on a 10-cm visual analogue scale.ResultsOf 263 patients screened, 148 participants were randomly assigned with primary outcome data in the ITT (intention-to-treat) population (74 in the XZOL group and 74 in the placebo group), and 99 participants in the PP (per-protocol) population (48 in the XZOL group and 51 in the placebo group). Mean change in VAS at week 12 were −2.27 in the XZOL group and −1.85 in the placebo group (difference - 0.52, 95% CI −0.99 to −0.05;P= 0.029) among the ITT population, and −2.54 in the XZOL group and −1.79 in the placebo group (difference −0.81, 95% CI −1.40 to −0.22;P= 0.007) among the PP population. The neutral results were shown in adjusted and sensitivity analyses. There was no significant difference in adverse events.ConclusionThis randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial showed XZOL was associated with a significantly greater reduction in the levels of pain intensity of angina over 12 weeks and was superior to placebo in alleviating SA.
Heritable viral symbionts in the familyIflaviridaeare widespread among aphids
Authors: Rozo-Lopez Paula , Torres Vanesa , Torres Joseph , Käfer Simon , Parker Benjamin J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHeritable microbes shape host phenotypes and are important drivers of evolution. While interactions between insects and bacterial symbionts have been extensively studied, the prevalence and consequences of insect-viral symbiosis are an open question. We show that viral symbionts in the familyIflaviridaeare widespread among aphids, an important model for research on bacterial symbiosis. We discovered multiple new species of iflaviruses that are maintained in asexual lines without apparent fitness costs and are transmitted vertically from mothers to offspring. Using field data and phylogenetic evidence, we further show that aphid iflaviruses likely move horizontally across species, but through laboratory experiments, we demonstrated that horizontal transfer among species infesting the same host plants does not persist throughout clonal lineages. Using quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, we discovered that viral infections localize in the host fat bodies and developing embryos. Surprisingly, we also found viral infections inside bacteria-housing cells called bacteriocytes, with a positive correlation between viral and bacterial symbiont density, indicating a mechanism for vertical transmission. Together, our work suggests that iflaviruses are an important but previously unrecognized piece of aphid symbiosis and sets the stage to use this model to answer new questions about host-microbe associations.ImportanceIn recent years, the rise of metatranscriptome sequencing has led to the rapid discovery of novel viral sequences in insects. However, few studies have carefully investigated the dynamics of insect-virus interactions to produce a general understanding of viral symbiosis. Aphids are a significant agricultural pest but also an important model for understanding the evolution of host-microbe interactions and the molecular basis of bacterial symbiosis. We show that heritable iflaviruses are an important but previously unrecognized part of the aphid heritable microbiome, with viral symbionts transmitted alongside bacteria from mothers to offspring, potentially via specialized bacteriocytes that house symbiotic microbes. Our findings have important implications for furthering the understanding of insect-microbe symbiosis and the potential for biocontrol of agriculturally relevant pest species.
“Nobody has ever spoken to me about PCD and fertility issues”: Fertility experiences of people with primary ciliary dyskinesia and their family caregivers
Authors: Schreck Leonie D , Meyer Sophie , Pedersen Eva SL , Lam Yin Ting , Silberschmidt Hansruedi , Bellu Sara ,   Living with PCD patient advisory group, Zambrano Sofía C , Kuehni Claudia E , Goutaki Myrofora 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) affects fertility in both women and men. To understand the impact and concerns among people with PCD and parents of affected children (family caregivers), we explored how they report their experiences with fertility.MethodsWe used qualitative data from a questionnaire on fertility fromLiving with PCD, an international participatory study. In optional open-ended comment fields, participants shared their thoughts and experiences related to fertility. We adopted conventional content analysis and analysed the data inductively.ResultsWe identified five categories illustrating participants’ experiences with fertility: Challenging experiences of fertility care, PCD-related reproductive concerns, non-PCD-related factors complicating fertility, psychological impact of infertility, and family caregivers as gatekeepers of fertility information.ConclusionWe need enhanced support and standardised reproductive counselling and health care for people with PCD to enable informed decisions on fertility, and to reduce the fertility related concerns and psychological impact faced by many.Highlights– People with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) had challenging fertility experiences– Impact of PCD on pregnancy and disease heritability were causes for concern– Other reasons not related to PCD but affecting fertility complicated the journey– Infertility as an emotionally difficult topic strongly impacted participants’ lives– Family caregivers acted as gatekeepers for fertility information of their children