bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of heat shock on paclitaxel production in Taxus yunnanensis cell suspension cultures: Role of abscisic acid pretreatment
Authors: Zhang Changhe , Fevereiro Pedro S. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe heat shock (HS) response is a conserved cellular defense mechanism to elevated temperatures, observed in cells from bacteria to human. It is characterized by the increased accumulation of HS proteins. This work examines the effect of HS on the secondary metabolite biosynthesis of cultured plant cells. Suspension cultures of Taxus yunnanensis cells, which produce the anticancer diterpenoid paclitaxel (Taxol®), were heat shocked at 35–50°C for 30–60 min. The results show that HS reduced cell viability and growth but significantly induced paclitaxel production. The HS‐induced paclitaxel production depended on the intensity of HS and the physiological state of the cells. Abscisic acid (ABA)‐pretreatment not only increased cell viability and growth upon HS but also improved HS‐induced paclitaxel yield. The best culture phase to apply the HS was the late‐exponential growth phase. Under the optimized condition, HS enhanced paclitaxel yield by sixfold to 6.8 mg/L. In addition, a prior mild‐HS treatment also significantly increased HS‐induced paclitaxel production. Furthermore, HS induced oxidative burst, the early event of plant defense response to pathogen attack and other stress challenge; the addition of putative inhibitors of lipoxygenase, a key enzyme for jasmonic acid biosynthesis, significantly inhibited HS‐induced pacliatxel accumulation. The stimulation of secondary metabolite production by HS may be a result of HS‐induced plant cell defense response. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96: 506–514. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Azanonaboranes Containing Imidazole Derivatives for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Toxicity Evaluation
Authors: El‐Zaria Mohamed E. , Genady Afaf R. , Gabel Detlef 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA number of azanonaboranes containing imidazole derivatives have been synthesized by a ligand‐exchange reaction. The exo‐NH2R group of the azanonaborane of the type [(RH2N)B8H11NHR] can be exchanged by one hetero‐nitrogen atom of the imidazole ring. In the case of histamine, the exchange takes place on the aliphatic amino group, the hetero‐nitrogen atom of the imidazole ring or both of them. The products were confirmed by NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. The electron‐withdrawing effect of the nitro group in 2‐nitroimidazole is the main hindrance to achieve the exchange reaction. In vitro experiments were performed with B16 melanoma cells. A comparison of the biological properties of the products in which the B8N cluster is connected to the hetero‐nitrogen atom of imidazole ring or the aliphatic NH2 group showed that incorporation of B8N cluster unit into primary amino group increases the compound's toxicity. In contrast, this specificity for cytotoxicity effect was not observed in the case of histamine containing two B8N clusters which was relatively nontoxic and did not inhibit colony formation up to concentrations of 2 mM.
Structures and Electronic Absorption Spectra of a Recently Synthesised Class of Photodynamic Therapy Agents
Authors: Quartarolo Angelo Domenico , Russo Nino , Sicilia Emilia 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA theoretical study was performed on a novel class of boron‐containing molecules (various substituted tetraarylazadipyrromethenes), which show in vitro activity for application in photodynamic therapy. Geometric optimisation of the structures for the singlet and triplet electronic states was carried out on compounds in vacuo at the density functional level of theory, by employing the PBE0 hybrid functional and the split‐valence plus polarisation basis set. The absorbance properties in the UV‐visible region were examined by means of time‐dependent density functional response theory, using the same functional as mentioned above. To evaluate the influence of the solvent on the excitation energies, the continuum polarisable model was applied. Calculated electronic excitations, such as those regarding the Q‐like band, were found to be in good agreement (within 0.01–0.1 eV) with experimental values and experimental trends on changing both the substituents and solvent.
Response to low‐dose ketoconazole and subsequent dose escalation to high‐dose ketoconazole in patients with androgen‐independent prostate cancer
Authors: Nakabayashi Mari , Xie Wanling , Regan Meredith M. , Jackman David M. , Kantoff Philip W. , Oh William K. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.High‐dose ketoconazole (HDK) in combination with steroids has been recognized as an effective secondary hormonal therapy in androgen‐independent prostate cancer (AIPC). However, HDK causes more severe adverse events than low‐dose ketoconazole (LDK). To the authors' knowledge, relatively little is known regarding the efficacy of LDK in AIPC. The efficacy of LDK and of subsequent dose escalation from LDK to HDK was evaluated as secondary hormonal therapy in patients with AIPC.METHODS.In a single institution, patients with AIPC treated with LDK (at a dose of 200 mg orally 3 times daily) as secondary hormonal therapy with or without concomitant steroids were retrospectively identified. In addition, patients were identified who received dose escalation to HDK (400 mg orally 3 times daily) after experiencing a rising prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level.RESULTS.Thirty‐nine of 138 eligible patients (28.3%, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 20.9–36.6%) treated with LDK experienced PSA declines ≥50%. The median time to disease progression or dose escalation on LDK was 3.2 months (range, 0.1+–61 months). Dose escalation to HDK was subsequently performed in 55 patients (39.9%), 7 of whom (12.7%) demonstrated a subsequent PSA decline ≥50%. A longer duration of primary androgen deprivation therapy and total duration of all previous hormonal therapies was associated with a longer time to progression with LDK (P < .05). The most common reversible adverse effect of LDK was NCI Common Toxicity Criteria Grade 1 or 2 fatigue (12.3%).CONCLUSIONS.LDK is associated with a PSA response rate comparable to HDK as secondary hormonal therapy in patients with AIPC, but with less toxicity. Although uncommon, additional durable responses occurred in some patients after dose escalation. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Late complications of cancer treatment—From the other end of the stethoscope
Authors: LaMonte Sam J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFor more than 50 years, Cancer has explored every facet of malignant disease, including morphology, therapy, epidemiology, biology, historical perspective, and basic science. However, the Editors of Cancer believe that the human beings who bear the burden of this illness have much to teach us, and we now solicit essays from patients and family members about their experience. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Maternal methyl supplements increase offspring DNA methylation at Axin fused
Authors: Waterland Robert A. , Dolinoy Dana C. , Lin Juan‐Ru , Smith Charlotte A. , Shi Xin , Tahiliani Kajal G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTransient environmental exposures during mammalian development can permanently alter gene expression and metabolism by influencing the establishment of epigenetic gene regulatory mechanisms. The genomic characteristics that confer such epigenetic plasticity upon specific loci, however, have not been characterized. Methyl donor supplementation of female mice before and during pregnancy permanently increases DNA methylation at the viable yellow agouti (Avy) metastable epiallele in the offspring. The current study tested whether another murine metastable epiallele, axin fused (AxinFu), similarly exhibits epigenetic plasticity to maternal diet. We found that methyl donor supplementation of female mice before and during pregnancy increased DNA methylation at AxinFu and thereby reduced by half the incidence of tail kinking in AxinFu/+ offspring. The hypermethylation was tail‐specific, suggesting a mid‐gestation effect. Our results indicate that stochastic establishment of epigenotype at metastable epialleles is, in general, labile to methyl donor nutrition, and such influences are not limited to early embryonic development. genesis 44:401–406, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“To Bend or not To Bend?” Both! The Planar and Bent Structures of[(Ph3P)4Rh2(μ‐F)2]
Authors: Marshall William J. , Aullón Gabriel , Alvarez Santiago , Dobbs Kerwin D. , Grushin Vladimir V. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe first experimental evidence is presented for planar–bent isomerism of complexes of the type [L4M2(μ‐X)2]. Both the planar and bent forms have been detected for the same composition, [(Ph3P)4Rh2(μ‐F)2], with full exclusion of any variation in such factors as the nature of the metal, ligand, counterion, and solvent of co‐crystallization. Computationalstudies point to weak C–H···F intramolecular bonding as an additional factor affecting the choice between the planar and bent geometries. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Coating of powder‐blasted channels for high‐performance microchip electrophoresis
Authors: Belder Detlev , Kohler Frank , Ludwig Martin , Tolba Kamal , Piehl Natalia 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChannels in microfluidic glass chips manufactured with the alternative powder blasting technology were permanently coated with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in order to improve the performance in microchip electrophoresis. The performance of coated and uncoated powder‐blasted (pb) devices as well as coated and uncoated wet chemical etched (wc) chips was compared in electrophoretic separations of fluorescently labeled test compounds. The limited electrophoretic resolution obtained in pb‐chips could significantly be improved by coating the channels with PVA. The resolution of test compounds in such coated pb‐devices was even higher than in uncoated wc‐chips. PVA‐coated pb‐chips could also successfully be applied in chiral separations. While in an uncoated pb‐chip using a cyclodextrins buffer only one broad signal was obtained, two well‐resolved signals were obtained in a coated device.
Analysis of amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxy‐methamphetamine by micellar capillary electrophoresis using cation‐selective exhaustive injection
Authors: Meng Pinjia , Fang Ning , Wang Meng , Liu Huwei , Chen David D.Y. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCation‐selective exhaustive injection (CSEI) is used as an on‐line concentration method for the high‐sensitivity analysis of illicit amphetamines using CE. Optimum conditions for the determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxy‐methamphetamine were investigated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (25 mM) in 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.9) with 20% methanol as organic additive was used as the background electrolyte for CE separation. The LOD, based on an S/N of 3:1, was about 0.01 μg/mL using normal capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography, while by using CSEI in combination with micellar sweeping the sensitivity increased up to 1000‐fold with the LOD lower than 50 pg/mL. The reproducibility of CSEI combined with micellar sweeping for analyzing amphetamines was satisfactory (relative standard deviation around 10% by using area ratios against an internal standard). This method is highly sensitive and can be used to analyze trace amount amphetamines in human hair.
Suspended sediment load transport in the Mississippi River basin at St. Louis: temporal scaling and nonlinear determinism
Authors: Sivakumar Bellie , Chen Ji 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis study investigates the dynamic behavior of suspended sediment load transport at different temporal scales in the Mississippi River basin. Data corresponding to five successively doubled temporal scales (i.e. daily, two‐day, four‐day, eight‐day and 16‐day) from the St. Louis gaging station in Missouri are analyzed. The investigation is focused on identifying possible low‐dimensional deterministic behavior in the suspended sediment load transport dynamics, with an aim towards reduction in model complexity. The correlation dimension method is used to identify low‐dimensional determinism. The suspended sediment load dynamics are represented through phase‐space reconstruction, and the variability is estimated using the (proximity of) reconstructed vectors in the phase space. The results indicate the presence of low‐dimensional determinism in the suspended sediment load series at each of the five temporal scales, with the variables dominantly governing the dynamics in the order of three or four. These results not only suggest the appropriateness of relatively simpler models but also hint at possible scale invariance in the suspended sediment load transport dynamics. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel region of amplification at 11p12‐13 in gastric cancer, revealed by representational difference analysis, is associated with overexpression of CD44v6, especially in early‐onset gastric carcinomas
Authors: Carvalho Ralph , Milne Anya N. A. , Polak Mirjam , Offerhaus G. Johan A. , Weterman Marian A. J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractDiffuse‐type gastric carcinomas (GCs) are often difficult to characterize because of contamination of tumor samples by surrounding normal tissue. As such, information regarding chromosomal aberrations in this subtype of GCs is limited. In this study, we used representational difference analysis to pinpoint genomic amplifications occurring in diffuse‐type GCs. We found nine differential products from two novel regions of amplification in two tumors: one product mapped to 19p13.1 and eight mapped to a 1.8‐Mb region in chromosomal segment 11p12‐13. These amplifications were confirmed using Southern blot analysis and occurred in 3/16 and 6/15 diffuse‐type GCs, respectively. CD44, a well characterized cellular adhesion molecule involved in several human malignancies, is encoded by a gene located within 200 kb of the 11p12‐13 amplification fragments. We confirmed that overexpression of isoform CD44v6 was correlated with amplification at 11p12‐13 in 11/12 diffuse‐type GCs. Since diffuse‐type GCs occur more frequently in early‐onset gastric carcinomas (EOGCs, presented at 45 years of age or younger) than in “conventional” GCs, and the tumors carrying the original amplifications were EOGCs, we investigated overexpression of CD44v6 in 107 EOGCs and 88 conventional GCs using tissue microarrays. We found frequent CD44v6 overexpression in both tumor groups (76% and 57% respectively) and, interestingly, significantly more cases with overexpression of CD44v6 in EOGCs than in conventional GCs (P = 0.005), irrespective of histology. These findings provide further evidence for both the relevance of CD44 in GC and for distinct molecular characteristics of EOGCs when compared with those of GCs occurring at a later age. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurocognitive functioning in dually diagnosed middle aged and elderly patients with alcoholism and schizophrenia
Authors: Mohamed S. , Bondi M. W. , Kasckow J. W. , Golshan S. , Jeste D. V. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol abuse and dependence have important clinical implications for managing patients with schizophrenia. Alcoholism in schizophrenia patients can interfere with the course and prognosis of the schizophrenic illness.ObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to compare the cognitive status, symptom profile and quality of life of middle aged and older patients (>44 years old) with schizophrenia and alcohol abuse/dependence vs those without alcohol abuse/dependence. We initially hypothesized that more males in this age group with schizophrenia would exhibit alcoholism. We also examined the characteristics of the 45–54 year age group with those of the ≥ 55 year old group and hypothesized that comorbidity with alcohol would be associated with worse cognition and quality of life in later life.MethodsData were obtained from a database from the Center for Services and Interventions research at the University of California, San Diego. Patients had diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Data collected included demographic characteristics, cognitive status (tested with the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale learning, the Figural and Story Memory Test of the Wechsler Memory Scale‐Revised and the California Verbal Learning Test [CVLT]). In addition, patients had undergone psychopathologic assessment and were screened for quality of life using the Quality of Well Being scale.ResultsWe demonstrated that the older aged patients with alcoholism had worse scores assessing cognition relative to the same aged group without alcoholism. In addition, they had worse cognitive scores relative to the younger group (45–54 year old) with alcoholism. There was no significant difference with regards to quality of life. In addition, more males than females exhibited alcoholism.ConclusionThe results are consistent with the premise that the higher cognitive function in the younger schizophrenia patients with alcoholism appear to mask the effects of alcohol use on cognition at that age. However, for the older group of schizophrenia patients, the effects of alcohol use on neuropsychological functioning appear to be deleterious. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cholinesterase inhibitors in advanced Dementia with Lewy bodies: increase or stop?
Authors: Pakrasi Sanjeet , Thomas Alan , Mosimann Urs P. , Cousins David A. , Lett Debbie , Burn David J. , O'Brien John T. , McKeith Ian G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIntroductionThere is little data on stopping cholinesterase inhibitors in Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Equally, it is not known if increasing the dose of cholinesterase inhibitors may help neuropsychiatric symptoms in advanced DLB.MethodWe conducted an open label trial with donepezil involving 16 patients with LBD when the dose was reduced and treatment stopped over 4 weeks. Another 7 patients were given a trial of an increased dose of donepezil (15 mg) to resolve re‐emergent neuropsychiatric symptoms.ResultsThe slow discontinuation protocol was well tolerated in advanced DLB. Five of the seven patients given a trial of a higher dose of donepezil were rated as clinically improved after 12 weeks treatment.ConclusionCholinesterase inhibitors can be discontinued slowly in advanced DLB. Increasing the dose of donepezil may be of benefit to some patients with DLB who experience a recurrence in their neuropsychiatric symptoms. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The economic costs of dementia in Korea, 2002
Authors: Suh Guk‐Hee , Knapp Martin , Kang Cheol‐Joong 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the economic costs of dementia in 2002 using an economic evaluation model for dementia care.MethodsData were from the Korea National Survey of the Long‐Term Care Need (LTC survey) (n = 5058), two prospective 1‐year studies [one clinical trial (n = 234), one naturalistic community cohort study (n = 107)], and two epidemiologic community studies for prevalence of dementia (n = 1037 + 1481). Daily costs and proportions of different levels of institutional service provided were collected from the LTC survey. Resource use in the community included health care services, social care services, out‐of‐pocket purchase for self‐support, caregiver time and missed work of caregiver. Costs in community were calculated based on resource utilization multiplied by the unit costs for each resource.ResultsTotal annual costs of dementia were estimated to be over 2.4 billion US$ for 272 000 dementia sufferers. Costs in community represent 96% of the total annual costs, while costs of informal care and missed work of caregivers were 1.3 billion US$, or 55% of total annual cost. Average annual costs of full time care (FTC) and pre‐FTC in community LTC were 44 121 US$ and 13 273 US$ per person, whereas cost per patient who did not need community LTC was 3986 US$.ConclusionGiven that the number of dementia sufferers is projected to increase in the near future and that larger part of the costs are subsidized by the government, the economic and social costs of dementia is significant not only for dementia sufferers and their caregivers, but also for society. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling UHMWPE wear debris generation
Authors: Baudriller H. , Chabrand P. , Moukoko D. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIt is widely recognized that polyethylene wear debris is one of the main causes of long‐term prosthesis loosening. The noxious bioreactivity associated with this debris is determined by its size, shape, and quantity. The aim of this study was to develop a numerical tool that can be used to investigate the primary polyethylene wear mechanisms involved. This model illustrates the formation of varying flow of polyethylene debris with various shapes and sizes caused by elementary mechanical processes. Instead of using the classical continuum mechanics formulation for this purpose, we used a divided materials approach to simulate debris production and release. This approach involves complex nonlinear bulk behaviors, frictional adhesive contact, and characterizes material damage as a loss of adhesion. All the associated models were validated with various benchmark tests. The examples given show the ability of the numerical model to generate debris of various shapes and sizes such as those observed in implant retrieval studies. Most of wear mechanisms such as abrasion, adhesion, and the shearing off of micro‐asperities can be described using this approach. Furthermore, it could be applied to study the effects of friction couples, macroscopic geometries, and material processing (e.g. irradiation) on wear. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Development of a general quantum‐chemical descriptor for steric effects: Density functional theory based QSAR study of herbicidal sulfonylurea analogues
Authors: Xi Zhen , Yu Zhihong , Niu Congwei , Ban Shurong , Yang Guangfu 
Published: July 2006

AbstractQuantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) analysis has become one of the most effective approaches for optimizing lead compounds and designing new drugs. Although large number of quantum‐chemical descriptors were defined and applied successfully, it is still a big challenge to develop a general quantum‐chemical descriptor describing the bulk effects more directly and effectively. In this article, we defined a general quantum‐chemical descriptor by characterizing the volume of electron cloud for specific substituent using the method of density functional theory. The application of our defined steric descriptors in the QSAR analysis of sulfonylurea analogues resulted in four QSAR models with high quality (the best model: q2 = 0.881, r2 = 0.901, n = 35, s = 0.401, F = 68.44), which indicated that this descriptor may provide an effective way for solving the problem how to directly describe steric effect in quantum chemistry‐based QSAR studies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 1571–1576, 2006