bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Configuration of Chain Molecules. II
Authors: Suzuki Keizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to express the apparent size of a flexible long chain molecule the radius of gyration σ around the centre of mass is an appropriate quantity, and its mean square 〈σ2〉 has been considered to be proportional to the number of elements of the chain n.
We estimate the effect of the intramolecular interaction and find new equations
&〈σ^2〉=const·n+const·n^1.5
&〈σ^2〉=const·n^1.5+const·n^2
Specific viscosity ηsp divided per weight concentration c must be
&η_sp/c=const·n+const·n^1.5
\intertextor
&η_sp/c=const·n^0.5+const·n
In these equations the second term can never be neglected for large n. It amounts to one half of the first term even in the case of normal paraffine with only 100 carbon atoms.
For large n the accurate formula
η_sp/c=const.n^0.5+const.n^0.8
is obtained in the case of repulsive interaction, but in respect to the molecule of large molecular weight with attractive interaction the selfcoagulation into the very small size is concluded.
On the Anomalous Thermal Diffusion Observed in Mixed Electrolyte Solution
Authors: Hirota Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The application of the theoretical formula of, Guthrie and others on the “negative effect” of thermal diffusion which was found by the writer is extended to the new data. The agreement of the theory with experiment is good in the systems of HCl-NaCl, HCl-NH4Cl and NaCl-NH4Cl, even when both components are of unequal concentration. However, in the system of NaCl-NaOH, the theory is perfectly failed, the reason being unknown.
Fundamental Studies on the Current-Voltage. Curve in Polarography. III. The Equation for the Current-Voltage Curve of the Complex Ion—Especially for the Irreversible Wave
Authors: Tamamushi Reita , Tanaka Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The fundamental equations for the current-voltage curve of the complex ion, especially for the irreversible type, have been derived under the assumption that the over-all oxidation-reduction proccess at the electrode surface follows the mechanism represented by (1)∼(4). Moreover, the two cases, of which one is based on the assumption that the decomposition-rate is much larger than the rate of the diffusion, and the other corresponds to the case when the relation between the two rates is reverse, have been discussed and it has been pointed that the limiting current of the former is the same as the diffusion current, bat the limiting current of the latter corresponds to the kinetic current. It has been concluded that, if the electrode process is activation-controlled, the wave which has many properties of the irreversible one appears. The meaning of the half-wave potential of such a wave has been analyzed, and from the results it has been found that the value of the half-wave potential would be the parameter for the degree of difficulty of the oxidation-reduction process of the complex ion, even if the corresponding wave is irreversible. It should be noted here, that all the discussion cited above rests on the fact that the complex-forming substance exists in a sufficient quantity.
It is likely that the treatment for the oxidation-reduction reaction of the complex ion is essentially the same as for the discussion about the organic compounds.
Studies on the Gas Liquid Interface by Surface Potential Measurements. II. On the Solutions of Dicarboxylic Acids
Authors: Isemura Toshizo , Hotta Hirosi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Surface potentials of solutions of some dicar-boxylic acids were measured by vibrating plate method. Dicarboxylic acids of short chain such as oxalic, maleic, fumaric and succinic acids gave always negative potential. However, dicarboxylic acids of moderate chain length gave positive potential at high concentration. While, with these acids, the potential changed to more negative at high dilution as in the cases of monocarboxylic acids. The values of potential were shifted to more positive values when the solutions were acidulated by hydrochloric acid. Such reversal of sign of surface potential might be attributed mainly to the dissociation of the acid and not to the molecular orientation. Molecule of sebacic acid adsorbed on the surface of nearly saturated solution bends probably its hydrocarbon chain at the middle of the molecule and it behaves as two adsorbed molecules of monocarboxylic acid in regard to molecular area and surface moment.
On the Irreversible Reduction Wave of Titanic Ion at the Dropping Mercury Electrode
Authors: Tamamushi Reita 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reduction wave of titanic ion in sulfuric acid medium was investigated in order to give some experimental supports to the theoretical results on the irreversible wave which were derived from the standpoint of chemical kinetics. The Kalousek’s method was used to test the reversibility of the reduction process of titanic ion at the dropping mercury electrode, and it was found that this process proceeds irreversibly. From the constancy of the halfwave potential, which is independent of the concentration of titanic ion, and from the linear relation between log I⁄(Id−I) and V, which were proved by the experiments, it can be said that the theoretical equation (2) explains the feature of the irreversible reduction wave such as that of titanic ion. Furthermore, the effect of the foreign electrolytes on the half-wave potential was measured, on which some discussions were carried out.
Studies on the Ammoniacal Copper Solutions I The Reaction Order of the Reduction by Carbon Monoxide and a Correction for the Escaping Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Hirata Minoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. It is experimentally verified that the reduction of cupric copper by the carbon monoxide absorbed in the copper solution is a reaction of the second order.
2. In the calculation of the velocity constant for the reduction, it is found that the correction made for the carbon monoxide escaping unreacted, under the assumption that the escaping velocity of the carbon monoxide is proportional to its concentration in the solution at that time, is appropriate.
The Crystal Structure of Adipic Acid
Authors: Hirokawa Sakutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Oscillation and Weissenberg photographs using CuKα(λ=1.539 Å.) radiation show that the crystals of adipic acid are built upon a monoclinic unit cell having α=10.14 kX, b=5.16 kX, c=10.03 kX, and β=137°.
The space group is C52⁄4—P21/α. This unit cell contains two molecules of HOOC–(CH2)4–COOH, the centres of the mass of the molecules being at 0, 0, 0 and 1/2, 1/2, 0 respectively. Positions of atoms in the unit cell are given by the following parameters; the carboxyl carbon (C1), x=0.121, y=−0.090, z=0.329; α-methylenic carbon (C2), x=0.056, y=−0.160, z=0.210; β-methylenic carbon (C3), x=−0.021, y=0.038, z=0.054; oxygen I (O1), x=−0.078, y=0.110, z=0.290; oxygen II (O2), x=0.106, y=−0.240, z=0.479. The molecule is approximately planar and the plane of carboxyl radical is slightly twisted about the molecular axis.
The plane of zigzag carbon chain makes an angle about 40° to (010) and the molecules are linked with strong hydrogen bond along c-axis, and may be said to form a kind of chain lattice.
New Colorimetric Determination of Copper in Biological Matters
Authors: Murakami Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The new method for the determination of a minute amounts of copper in biological matters by extraction with dithizone and coloration with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate has been tested. By the adaption of this method, copper can be determined in two hours or less after bringing the sample into solution. The experiments already related has proved that it is one of the most accurate methods in comparison with other methods which have been used. As recent studies are throwing light upon the biological action of copper, a more accurate method for copper determination is sought by chemists and biologist interested in this problem. This new method will fulfil its mission in being of invaluable importance in this respect.
Researches on Dichroism of Planar Complexes. III. The Color and the Structure of the Crystals of Tetracyanoplatinates (II)
Authors: Yamada Shoichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dichroism of crystals of BaPt(CN)4·4H2O, CaPt(CN)4·5H2O and MgPt(CN)4·7H2O has been measured in the visible and the near-ultraviolet region, and with the aid of results of this measurement, the state of the complex ions in the crystals has been, discussed in relation to their crystal structures. These crystals show similar dichroism, with the characteristic sharp absorption band for //-absorption. It has been concluded that be-ween adjacent tetragonal complex ions piled upon one another along the c-axis in these crystals there exists a sort of direct interaction, which is supposed to be related to the unusual colors of these compounds. It has been found that as the distance between platinums decreases in the order of Ca, Ba and Mg salts, the interaction between platinum ions becomes stronger, and that the characteristic band becomes sharper and is displaced towards longer wave-length. The interaction in these crystals is regarded as more remarkable than that in Magnus’ salt.
Pyrolysis and Combustion of Cellulose in the Presence of Inorganic Salts
Authors: Tamaru Kenzi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The effects of the various inorganic salts on the thermal decomposition of cellulose were investigated.
(2) The combustion of cellulose in the presence of various inorganic salts was measured.
(3) It was suggested that the organic vapour produced by the pyrolysis plays an important rôle in the combustion of cellulose and that the major action of the fire-resisting compounds is to prohibit the yield of this vapour.
(4) The effect of the inorganic salts on the combustion of cellulose were classified and were explained from the two major factors: the yield of organic vapour and the lowering action of ignition temperature of the charcoal.
Some Rheological Measurements on Coal Tar Pitches
Authors: Nakagawa Tsurutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Visco-elastic properties of tar pitches in the softening range were measured by a dynamic method covering 3∼20 minutes of period.
(2) No frequency dependence of viscosity was observed in this range of period.
(3) Elastic effect was slight in this range of period. Its frequency dependence was appreciable.
(4) Tar pitch is a simple Maxwellian body rheologically above the softening point.
(5) Temperature dependence of viscosity was studied along the rate-process theory, and it was supposed that tar pitch has a highly associated or solvated structure, consistent with the present theory of the internal structure of coal.
On the Mechanism of Evaporation in Vacuum. I. Evaporation of Silica Gel
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The evaporation of silica is facilitated by the use of silica gel, instead of quartz. The silica film thus obtained is available as replica for the electron microscopy. The difference of the easiness of evaporation between quartz and silica gel is atributed to molecular constitutions. Under the assumption, that quartz consists of three dimensional net work of covalent linkage, while silica gel is constructed by linear chain having some oxygen bridges between, chains, vapor pressure is calculated, and the ease of evaporation is accounted for by the comparison to some usual metals.
Studies on the Magnetic Dichroism of Dye-Gelatin Films. III. Magnetic Dichroism of Dye-Gelatin Films Excited by Light
Authors: Yamamoto Daijiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
There were found considerable changes in magnetic dichroism of some dyes-gelatin films by excitation of light. In malachite green and rhodamine B-gelatin films this effect was very evident, and cyanine dyes-and azo-dyesgelatin films also showed the same effect. This effect may have something to do with the phosphorescent state of dye molecules, having conjugated double bonds, but nothing to do with bleaching by light. Azo-dyes-gelatin films are non-phosphors, but G. N. Lewis and M. Kasha thought that these materials would have a phosphorescent band in near infra red regions. It is difficult to decide between phosphor and non-phosphor by limited observation in the visible region. This will be discussed in another paper if those experimental results are due to photomagnetism or to other causes.
The Electrical Conductivity of the Condensed Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Inokuchi Hiroo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electrical conductivity of the condensed polynuclear aromatic compounds; (1) isoviolanthrone, (2) isoviolanthrene, (3) violanthrone, (4) violanthrene, (5) ovalene, (6) pyranthrone, (7) pyranthrene, (8) meso-naphthodianthrone, (9) meso-naphthodianthrene, (10) anthanthrone and (11) anthanthrene,— has the character of a semi-conductor. The resistivity of these compounds can be expressed as ρ=ρ0 exp (Δε/2kT). The value of Δε and ρ at 15° were found as, (1) 0.75e.V., 5.7×109Ωcm., (2) 0.82 e. V., 8.4×1013Ωcm., (3) 0.78 e. V., 2.3×1010Ωcm., (4) 0.85 e.V., 2.1×1014Ωcm., (5) 1.13 e.V., 2.3×1015Ωcm., (6) 1.06 e.V., 3.9×1015Ωcm., (7) 1.07 e.V., 4.5×1016Ωcm., (8) 1.30 e.V., 1.5×1018Ωcm., (9) 1.2 e.V., 4.0×1018Ωcm., (10) 1.70 e.V., 7.7×1018Ωcm., (11) 1.67 e.V., 1.5×1019Ωcm.. The good reproducibility and non-hysteresis of the electrical conductivity for temperature suggests electronic conduction. As these organic compounds have a perfect molecular lattice, the possibility of impurity-level cannot be considered. For this reason the mechanism of the conduction is assumed to be that of the intrinsic semi-conductor
The Etched and Corroded Surfaces of Iron Single Crystal as Revealed by Means of Electron Microscopy and Diffraction
Authors: Yamaguchi Shigeto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. It has been demonstrated in the present study that the single crystal of pure iron can be oriented by means of electron microscopy and diffraction in order to cut the single crystal along the desired planes. The single crystal of iron was oriented hitherto only by x-ray and optically.
2. The (110) faces of the cubic body-centred ferritic alloys was most inert among their surface lattices. Chromiun in 13 Cr stainless steel should be added to iron in order to give rise to the inert (110) planes on the substrate surface.
3. The etched surface of iron single crystal was composed of the (111) and its equivalent planes. The (102) planes of Fe3O4 crystals formed on this surface were parallel to the (111) planes of substrate. And the (010) direction of the former was parallel to the (110) direction of the latter. This fact signified that the (102) planes composed of Fe++ might be soldered to the (111) planes of iron by exchanging of residual valency electrons. As a matter of fact, the Fe3O4 film formed on iron under the given conditions serves as protective coating for substrate.
4. The corrosion of metals depends either on the activities of surface lattice planes of metals or on the properties of the corrosion products formed on surfaces.
On the Mechanism of Evaporation in Vacuum. II. Vapor Pressure and Evaporation Velocity
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Phase diagrams are drawn for many metals under some approximations, and “vacuum evaporation temperature” is estimated as the temperature corresponding to 10−1 mm. Hg of vapor pressure. This temperature agrees well with that given by Yarwood. The rate of evaporation is calculated, and the result agrees well with experience, at least, for silica gel. As for shadow casting, it is concluded that high temperature of specimen and low pressure of air in the vessel are the necessary conditions to obtain clear shadow. The temperature of evaporating silica gel is measured with optical pyrometer, and a satisfactory result is obtained.
Studies on Monomolecular Films. VII. The Effect of Metallic Ions on the Monomolecular Film of Stearic Acid
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka , Matuura Ryôhei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of various metallic ions on the pressure∼area curve of the monomolecular film of stearic acid spread on the surface of the solution was studied. It was found that they were classified into two groups; one involves those which make the film condense such as calcium, barium and magnesium and the other those which make it expand such as thorium, aluminum, iron, copper, zinc, mercury, cobalt and nickel. This classification was explained from the standpoint of molecular structure of the resulting metallic soaps. It was suggested that while the soap of the former metals has a simile structure the soap of the latter metals has a complicated polymeric structure. These structures were explained by the characteristic nature of metallic ions of two groups.
Determination of Dielectric Constant and Loss Factor by Free Wave Method. I. Theoretical Part
Authors: Yasumi Masasi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reflection and transmission coefficient of electromagnetic waves by multiple layer has been obtained theoretically.
A convenient method has been deviced to determine dielectric constant and loss factor of a material in a form of a sheet placed on a metal, from the reflection eoefficeint.
A convenient method has also, been developed to determine the dielectric constant and loss factor from experimental curve of transmission coefficient versus thickness of dielectric sheet concerned.
Determination of Dielectric Constant and Loss Factor by Free Wave Method. II. Measurement on Water and Some Insulators at λ = 9.8 cm.
Authors: Yasumi Masasi , Nukazawa Kenji , Mizushima San-ichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reflection coefficient of water layer placed on mercury has been measured at a wave length 9.8 cm. and at 5.5°C. From the curve of reflection coefficient vs. thickness of the water layer, dielectric constant and loss factor (or refractive index and absorption coefficient) have been calculated according to the procedure described previously.
Water has shown anomalous dispersion and absorption at this wave length.
The dielectric constant and loss factor have been measured for ebonite, bakelite and methacryl resin at the same wave length, by the transmission method.
Synthesis of Some Organic Compounds by Electric Discharge. I-V
Authors: Sugino Kiichiro , Inoue Eiichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By running a gas mixture of aromatic and hydroaromatic hydrocarbons and air an ozonizer, following reactions were found to occur mainly.
(a) C6H6 C6H6+O→C6H5OH
(b) C6H5CH3
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
(c) C6H12
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
(2) Conversion efficiency at one run under suitable conditions was found to be (a) 0.86-3.8 % (effective length of ozonizer, 22 cm.), (b) 3.5-8.6 % (effective length of ozonizer, 25-75 cm.), and (c) 18-43% (effective length of ozonizer, 75 cm.), respectively. The yield of each compound produced (grams of each compound produced/grams of total reaction product×100) was as follows: (a), phenol 25-30 %; (b), benzylalcohol 26-30%, benzaldehyde 13-20%, benzoic acid 2-4%, o-cresol 25-28%; and (c), cyclohexanol 44-63%, cyclohexanone 18-25%.
(3) In the case of the oxidation of benzene, the yield of phenol could be increased to above 60% of the total reaction product by the special method.
(4) Aniline and other basic compounds were obtained by the reaction of benzene and ammonia in an ozonizer.
Studies on the Gas-Liquid Interface by Surface Potential Measurements III. The Surface Aging of the Solutions of the Long-chain Dibasic Acids
Authors: Hotta Hiroshri , Isemura Toshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The surface aging of the solutions of some ω,ω′-dicarboxylic acids was investigated by measuring the surface tension and surface potential, in a function of time. Only the slow adsorption process was studied in the present experiment. Adipic, suberic, and azelaic acid reached readily an equilibrium. Sebacic acid showed considerable surface aging. The mechanism of adsorption was assumed in the light of kinetic molecular theory, and the free energy of activation for adsorption was calculated. We obtained the free activation energy, 17.5-17.9 Kcal. for suberic acid, 18.0-18.5 Kcal. for azelaic acid and 13.8 Kcal. or more than this for sebacic acid. Free energy of activation for adsorption was increased to some extent with the surface concentration of already adsorbed solute molecules and consequently, for a certain solution, with the surface age.
The Spatial Configurations and the Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of the Stilbene Derivatives
Authors: Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) With certain simple assumptions, calculations based on the molecular orbital method have been performed to assess the quantitative relations between the degree of the deviation from the coplanarity of the molecular configuration and the ultraviolet absorption spectrum as well as the resonance energy for the stilbene derivatives.
(2) New measurements of the spectra of the several stilbene derivatives have been carried out.
(3) By these calculations and the measurements of the spectra, it has been clarified that the absorption maximum is shifted progressively toward shorter wave lengths with the increasing angle of twist of the phenyl groups out of the plane of the ethylenic linkage.
(4) Further, from the results of these calculations and the observed position of the absorption maximum, it is possible to deduce the adequate values of the angle of twist and the resonance energy for any stilbene derivative.
(5) It has been shown that the absorption spectra for the trans isomers and those for the cis isomers of the stilbene derivatives from two groups quite distinct from each other in hat the former shows a larger moleculart extinction coefficient than the latter. On the basis of this fact, the assignements of the geometrical configurations have been determined for some stilbene derivatives.
(6) The experiments on the geometrical isomerization of α, α’-dimethylstilbene by heat have been carried out and the results have been carried out and the results have been interpreted, based on a consideration of the spatial configurations of the two isomers.
Dichroisms of Benzene Rings. III. The Dichroism of m-Nitronitrosobenzene Monomer
Authors: Nakamoto Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Absorption spectra of m-nitronitrosobenzene monomer in crystalline state as well as in solution have been measured quantitatively in the visible and the ultraviolet regions. In its π-band of the ultraviolet region, the general rule about the π-band of the benzene ring was found to hold also for the present case. In regard to the nitroso band of the visible region, the absorption by linearly polarized light with the electric vector vibrating perpendicular to the C–N–O bond was hyperchromic to the absorption by the light with those vibrating parallel to it. This result suggests that the green colour of m-nitronitrosobenzene is due to the electronic transition polarized perpendicularly to the C–N–O bond.
Physicochemical Properties of the Surface of Aqueous Solutions. III. Mechanical Behavior of Surface of Micellar and Macromolecular Solution
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka , Kimizuka Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. A torsion ring method using a suspension wire of low torsion constant was employed for the measurement of a surface viscosity and rigidity of aqueous solutions.
2. The mechanical behaviours of the surfaces of the solutions of saponin, polyvinyl alcohol, crystal violet and horse serum albumin aged for one hour were analysed and expressed using mechanical models. The corresponding rigidity and viscosity were estimated.
3. The mechanical models observed were the Newtonian flow, non-Newtonian flow, Maxwell model with Newtonian or non-Newtonian flow, Voigt model, and three para-meter model consisting of a series combination of a spring and a Voigt element.