bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microsatellite markers for the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum, Serrasalmidae, Characiformes), an economically important keystone species of the Amazon River floodplain
Authors: SANTOS MARIA DA CONCEIÇÃO F. , HRBEK TOMAS , FARIAS IZENI P. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract Colossoma macropomum is a keystone species of the Amazon floodplain, and is an important but severely overexploited commercial species. To provide tools for addressing ecological and conservation questions, we developed 14 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers that had between four and 21 alleles per locus in the 25 tested individuals. With the exception of comparisons involving the locus Cm1F5 that also showed heterozygosity deficiency, no pairs of loci were at linkage disequilibrium. Many of the microsatellite loci were also variable in three other serrasalmid species which span the phylogenetic depth of the Serrasalmidae.
Sixteen polymorphic microsatellite markers from Zizania latifolia Turcz. (Poaceae)
Authors: QUAN ZHIWU , PAN LEI , KE WEIDONG , LIU YIMAN , DING YI 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSixteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated and identified in Zizania latifolia Turcz. (Poaceae), a perennial aquatic plant widespread in Eastern Asia. The microsatellite‐enriched library was constructed using the fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats method. These markers revealed two to 14 alleles, with an average of 5.6 alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.071 to 0.690 and from 0.174 to 0.812, respectively. These markers will be useful for studying of gene flow and evaluating the genetic diversity of the Zizania latifolia population.
Twelve microsatellite loci for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Authors: ROLLINS MARYCLARE F. , VU NINH V. , SPIES INGRID B. , KALINOWSKI STEVEN T. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe describe 12 microsatellite loci isolated from lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). The number of alleles at these loci ranged from two to 11 with an average of 5.3 alleles per locus. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.29 to 0.76, with an average of 0.68. Accidental (or illegal) introductions of lake trout into watersheds are decimating native trout populations in the northern Rocky Mountains, and these loci will be useful for identifying the source of these introductions and for estimating the number of founding individuals.
Isolation of eight microsatellite markers from Moina macrocopa for assessing cryptic genetic structure in the wild
Authors: TATSUTA HARUKI , YAO IZUMI , TANAKA YOSHINARI 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe isolated eight polymorphic microsatellite loci from the zooplankton Moina macrocopa (Straus), which is sensitive to pollutants such as insecticides and heavy metals. The isolated loci were polymorphic, with three to seven alleles among 23 individuals. Expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.167 to 0.787. These loci can be used to examine cryptic genetic structure and to infer the connectivity among metapopulations.
Development of 30 microsatellite markers for dab (Limanda limanda L.): a key UK marine biomonitoring species
Authors: TYSKLIND NIKLAS , TAYLOR MARTIN I. , LYONS BRETT P. , MCCARTHY IAN D. , CARVALHO GARY R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDab (Limanda limanda) are the principal target fish species in offshore biomonitoring programmes in the UK; however, detailed knowledge of genetic structure and connectivity among sampling locations is unavailable. Here, the isolation and characterization of 30 polymorphic microsatellite loci for dab is described. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 42, with observed heterozygosities ranging from 0.089 to 1. These loci will enable high resolution of genetic population structure and dynamics of dab around the British Isles.
Identification of co‐occurring Branchinecta fairy shrimp species from encysted embryos using multiplex polymerase chain reaction
Authors: VANDERGAST A. G. , WOOD D. A. , SIMOVICH M. , BOHONAK A. J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMorphological identification of many fairy shrimp species is difficult because distinguishing characters are restricted to adults. We developed two multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays that differentiate among three Branchinecta fairy shrimp with distributional overlap in southern California vernal pools. Two of the species are federally listed as threatened. Molecular identification of Branchinecta from cysts allows for species surveys to be conducted during the dry season, expanding the timeframe for population assessment and providing a less intrusive method of sampling sensitive vernal pool habitats.
Identification of the shark species Rhizoprionodon lalandii and R. porosus (Elasmobranchii, Carcharhinidae) by multiplex PCR and PCR‐RFLP techniques
Authors: MENDONÇA F. F. , HASHIMOTO D. T. , PORTO‐FORESTI F. , OLIVEIRA C. , GADIG O. B. F. , FORESTI F. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract Rhizoprionodon lalandii and R. porosus are widely distributed along the Atlantic coast of the Americas, living close to coastal areas and therefore frequently captured by seaboard fisheries. However, morphological identification of species in this genus is very difficult, especially when sharks have their heads and fins removed, making information about fishing, trading, and the evaluation of fishery effects on species conservation very difficult. This study's main objective is to develop molecular tools to identify these species using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. Both techniques result in good low‐cost markers and may be very useful in future studies about the exploitation of these species.
RELATION BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND BONE MINERAL DENSITY AMONG HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Castillo Rafael Fernández , De La Rosa Rafael José Esteban 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYRenal osteodystrophy is a serious problem for patients with chronic kidney disease. Measurements of bone mineral density, T‐score and Z‐score were taken in the lumbar region and femur of 73 patients who were being treated on the haemodialysis programme. These measurements were compared with the anthropometric values of weight, height and body mass index (BMI) obtaining a positive correlation between them. Introduction: Alterations in the bone mineral metabolism are an important cause of morbidity and mortality among haemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure. Bone mass diminution, together with fracture risk, is a frequent finding in these patients; this fact is explained by different factors, amongst which are those related to their anthropometric values. Materials and Methods: Bone mineral density (BMD) was studied, T‐score and Z‐score measurements were taken in the neck of the femur, trochanter, intertrochanter, 1/3 of proximal femur, Ward's triangle and L2, L3 and L4 vertebrae; body composition was also studied. With this aim, DXA densitometry was used on 73 haemodialysis patients (40 men and 33 women). The mean of the total haemodialysis time in these patients was 9.7 years. The group showed a very significant positive correlation between BMD, weight, height, BMI, fractures, dialysis time and intact PTH. Conclusions: CKD patients undergoing the haemodialysis programme show a significant BMD reduction, which affects both lumbar spine and femur. Weight and height affect BMD and bone change, being thus important factors of prediction for fracture risk. Furthermore, BMI is the main determinant of BMD, a finding that is confirmed in the units in this study and with the evidence described by other authors (Negri et al. (2005).
TRENDS AND CONSEQUENCES OF MINERAL BONE DISORDER IN HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: LESSONS FROM THE DIALYSIS OUTCOMES AND PRACTICE PATTERNS STUDY (DOPPS)
Authors: Blayney Margaret J. , Tentori Francesca 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYThe Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS), an ongoing observational study of haemodialysis (HD) patients, practices and outcomes in 12 countries, provides detailed data on chronic kidney disease‐mineral bone disorder and related outcomes. This paper describes international trends in serum phosphorus, calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels over the past 10 years and reviews DOPPS findings on the relationship between mortality (all‐cause and cardiovascular) and levels of serum phosphorus, calcium, PTH and alkaline phosphatase (AP). In addition, the DOPPS has shown how abnormal levels of these mineral metabolism indicators are associated with increased risk of certain clinical outcomes, including parathyroidec‐tomies, fractures and pruritus.
PATIENTS’ SATISFACTION WITH INFORMATION ABOUT PHOSPHATE‐BINDING MEDICATION
Authors: Parham R. , Riley S. , Hutchinson A. , Horne R. 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYInformation about treatment and its potential side effects has been identified as a core information need amongst Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. Developing effective interventions to meet patients’ information needs requires a better understanding of the specific types of needs from the patients’ perspective. Phosphate binding medication (PBM) is an integral component of the treatment regimen for dialysis dependent CKD stage 5 (CKD 5) patients. The aim of this study was to explore patient satisfaction with information received about PBM. Two hundred and twenty‐one CKD 5 patients completed the Satisfaction with Information about Medicines Scale (SIMS); a validated measure of patients’ satisfaction with various aspects of information provision. The findings suggest that CKD 5 patients may have outstanding PBM information needs, particularly relating to the potential problems associated with PBM. This study justifies further work to identify and address information needs amongst CKD 5 patients.
VITAMIN D METABOLISM AND VITAMIN D TRADITIONAL AND NONTRADITIONAL, TARGET ORGANS: IMPLICATIONS FOR KIDNEY PATIENTS
Authors: Dusilová‐Sulková Sylvie 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYVitamin D plays an absolute essential role in human physiology. More than 60 types of cells possess vitamin D receptors (VDR) and more than 200 genes represent the target for VDR activation. The principle of the biological effect of vitamin D is gene control. In general, VDR activation inhibits cell differentiation and proliferation while promoting cell maturation and it also participates in the regulation of apoptosis (programmed cell death).Conventionally, vitamin D status is assessed according to the serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Values between 30–60 ng/ml (70–150 nmol/l) are optimal. Low vitamin D status is associated with bone and mineral disturbances and also with many other pathological conditions. Studies have described association with susceptibility to some infections; higher risk of autoimmune diseases, association with some malignancies and many other complications. Low vitamin D status is common, but usually underestimated.The native vitamin D undergoes two‐step hydroxylation to become biologically active. The second metabolic conversion is dependent on functional renal parenchyma. In advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) the renal activation of vitamin D sharply decreases regardless of the stores of native vitamin D, resulting in low concentration of active vitamin D.The parathyroid hyperactivity in advanced CKD represents the approved indication for pharmacological VDR activation. The therapeutic window of nonselective VDR activators is narrow. On the contrary, the effect of selective VDR activators (paricalcitol) in the intestine is much lower and therefore the activators are safer in terms of maintaining serum concentration of calcium and phosphate.Several recent observational studies demonstrated survival benefits of selective VDR activation in CKD patients. Theoretically, these drugs may, at least, partly cover the need for the systemic activation of VDR in kidney patients, but this assumption must be carefully examined. At present, the possible cardioprotectivity, renoprotectivity and other benefits of selective VDR activators are being intensively studied.
OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Zachariah Donah , Kalra Philip A. , Kalra Paul R. 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYChronic kidney disease and chronic heart failure are closely interlinked; an abnormality in one system adversely impacts upon the function of the other. Despite the wealth of evidence available for beneficial treatment strategies in chronic heart failure, the prognosis remains poor and optimum therapy under‐utilised. The applicability of proven therapies to patients with co‐morbidity remains a particular challenge, especially since marked renal impairment has often been an exclusion criteria in major studies. In this article we discuss the epidemiology and pathophysiology of the two conditions and then focus on the aspects of treatment most pertinent to those patients with heart failure patients and concomitant chronic kidney disease.
THE FLIP SIDE OF THE COIN—A DOCTOR'S EXPERIENCE OF RENAL FAILURE
Authors: Thomas Duncan 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYRenal failure and its effects are taught well in the medical field, however the effects upon the individual is something which is often taught but not acknowledged. This is an account of my experience of renal failure in the United Kingdom, from a doctor's perspective with the intention that my experiences may enable others to understand the psychosocial element of this life changing disease.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TIMING OF REFERRAL FOR RENAL CARE
Authors: Brick Nerys , Ellis Peter 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYResearch has shown that referral of patients in the stages of renal disease, to a Nephrologist has significant impact on the patients overall health and well‐being. This article is a review of the literature discussing the key impact that late referral has on the patient. This will include looking at the preparation of the patient for dialysis—education and vascular access as well as discussing the modality choice for the patient. It will also address the longer‐term impact such as patient survival on dialysis.
CAN A FUNCTIONAL FOOD EXERT A CHOLESTEROL LOWERING EFFECT IN RENAL TRANSPLANT PATIENTS?
Authors: Sutton Debbie , Davey Trish , VenkatRaman G. , Hart Kathryn 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYThis study examined whether stanols can exert their cholesterol lowering effect in renal transplant recipients who develop hypercholesterolaemia. The rise in cholesterol is related to the use of cyclosporine.The study was a randomised parallel‐group intervention study. The Intervention group (I) was given three months supply of stanol containing food products. Fasting serum lipids were measured monthly. Parameters that might influence serum cholesterol were measured on all subjects at the start of the study period and at three months. These included body weight, blood pressure and drug therapy, dietary intake, exercise, smoking and alcohol intake. 84 patients completed the study. Cholesterol was reduced in both groups. The difference between control (C) and I group reached significance at p = 0.0196. Reduction in cholesterol in subjects also using statins was greater in the I group. Functional foods appear to be effective in reducing cholesterol in this group of patients. Data collection with respect to other factors that influence CV risk suggests that an overall assessment of diet and lifestyle as well as cholesterol lowering should be undertaken.
The Effect of Hetastarch (670/0.75) on Urine Specific Gravity and Osmolality in the Dog
Authors: Smart L. , Hopper K. , Aldrich J. , George J. , Kass P. , Haskins S. 
Published: February 2009

Background: Urine specific gravity (USG) is used clinically to estimate urine osmolality (UOsm). Although USG has been shown to have a linear correlation with UOsm in dogs, the relationship is altered when there are significant numbers of high molecular weight (MW) molecules in the urine.Hypothesis: USG would no longer predict UOsm in dogs given intravenous hetastarch (670/0.75)(HES).Animals: Eight healthy employee‐owned adult dogs.Methods: Prospective, controlled experimental study. USG and UOsm were measured every 30 minutes from t=0 minutes to t=360 minutes. Dogs were administered 20mL/kg of either NaCl 0.9% (control group, n=4) or HES (treatment group, n=8) IV over 1 hour starting at t=90 minutes.Results: There was a decrease in UOsm in both groups starting at t=120 minutes and continuing for the study duration, and there was no significant difference in UOsm between treatment and control groups across all time points. There was an appropriate decrease in USG from t=120 minutes for the control group. In the treatment group, USG increased significantly at t=120 minutes (P= .0006), t=150 minutes (P= .0002), and t=180 minutes (P= .0044). The largest increase in USG occurred at t=150 minutes with a mean USG of 1.070 ± 0.021 (range 1.038‐1.104).Conclusions and clinical importance: Urine specific gravity should not be used to estimate urine solute concentration in dogs following the administration of 20mL/kg of HES. In a clinical setting, the evaluation of USG following this dose of HES may lead to an overestimation of urine concentration.
Prevalence of Deafness in Dogs Heterozygous or Homozygous for the Merle Allele
Authors: Strain G.M. , Clark L.A. , Wahl J.M. , Turner A.E. , Murphy K.E. 
Published: February 2009

Background: Deafness in dogs is frequently associated with the pigment genes piebald and merle. Little is known about the prevalence of deafness in dogs carrying the merle allele.Objective: To determine the prevalence of deafness in dogs heterozygous and homozygous for the merle allele of the mouse Silver pigment locus homolog (SILV) gene.Animals: One hundred and fifty‐three privately owned merle dogs of different breeds and both sexes.Methods: Hearing was tested by brainstem auditory‐evoked response and classified as bilaterally hearing, unilaterally deaf, or bilaterally deaf. DNA from buccal cells was genotyped as either heterozygous or homozygous for the merle allele. Deafness association tests among merle genotype, eye color, and sex were performed by the χ2 test.Results: Deafness prevalence in merles overall was 4.6% unilaterally deaf and 4.6% bilaterally deaf. There was a significant association between hearing status and heterozygous versus homozygous merle genotype. For single merles (Mm), 2.7% were unilaterally deaf and 0.9% were bilaterally deaf. For double merles (MM), 10% were unilaterally deaf and 15% were bilaterally deaf. There was no significant association with eye color or sex.Conclusions: Deafness prevalence in merle dogs was greater than that in some dog breeds homozygous for the piebald gene, such as the English Cocker Spaniel, but comparable to, or lower than, that in the Dalmatian and white Bull Terrier. Dogs homozygous for the merle allele were significantly more likely to be deaf than heterozygotes.
Pharmacokinetics of Hydroxychloroquine and Its Clinical Implications in Chemoprophylaxis against Malaria Caused byPlasmodium vivax
Authors: Lim Hyeong-Seok , Im Jeong-Soo , Cho Joo-Youn , Bae Kyun-Seop , Klein Terry A. , Yeom Joon-Sup , Kim Tae-Seon , Choi Jae-Seon , Jang In-Jin , Park Jae-Won 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an antimalarial drug used as chemoprophylaxis against malaria caused byPlasmodium vivaxin the Republic of Korea Army (ROKA). In this study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) of HCQ and its metabolites and the relationship between the PK of HCQ and the effect of treatment of HCQ on vivax malaria in South Koreans. Three PK studies of HCQ were conducted with 91 healthy subjects and patients with vivax malaria. Plasma concentrations were analyzed by noncompartmental and mixed-effect modeling approaches. A two-compartment model with first-order absorption best described the data. The clearance and the central and peripheral volumes of distribution were 15.5 liters/h, 733 liters, and 1,630 liters, respectively. We measured the plasma concentrations of HCQ in patients with prophylactic failure of HCQ and compared them with the prediction intervals of the simulated concentrations for HCQ from the final PK model built in this study. In 71% of the patients with prophylactic failure, the plasma concentrations of HCQ were below the lower bounds of the 95% prediction interval, while only 8% of them showed higher levels than the upper bounds of the 95% prediction interval. We report that a significant cause of prophylactic failure among the individuals in ROKA was ascribed to plasma concentrations of HCQ lower than those predicted by the PK model. However, prophylactic failure despite sufficient plasma concentrations of HCQ was confirmed in several individuals, warranting continued surveillance to monitor changes in the HCQ susceptibility ofPlasmodium vivaxin the Republic of Korea.
Contribution of the Autolysin AtlA to the Bactericidal Activity of Amoxicillin against
Enterococcus faecalis
JH2-2
Authors: Bravetti Anne-Lise , Mesnage Stéphane , Lefort Agnès , Chau Françoise , Eckert Catherine , Garry Louis , Arthur Michel , Fantin Bruno 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACT

The bactericidal activity of amoxicillin was investigated against
Enterococcus faecalis
JH2-2 and against an isogenic mutant deficient in the production of the
N
-acetylglucosaminidase AtlA. Comparison of the two strains indicated that this autolysin contributes to killing by amoxicillin both in vitro and in a rabbit model of experimental endocarditis.
In Vitro Activities of Fluconazole and Voriconazole against Clinical Isolates of
Candida
spp. Determined by Disk Diffusion Testing in Turin, Italy
Authors: Mandras Narcisa , Tullio Vivian , Allizond Valeria , Scalas Daniela , Banche Giuliana , Roana Janira , Robbiano Francesca , Fucale Giacomo , Malabaila Aurelio , Cuffini Anna Maria , Carlone Nicola 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACT

The in vitro activities of fluconazole and voriconazole against 1,024 clinical isolates of
Candida
spp. were determined by the agar disk diffusion test using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M44-A guidelines. The results of this investigation demonstrated the broad-spectrum in vitro activity of voriconazole, relative to that of fluconazole, against yeasts tested, in particular fluconazole-resistant isolates, such as
Candida krusei
that showed high susceptibility to voriconazole. The situation in Turin, Italy, is quite similar to that of the rest of Italy, reflecting the worldwide trend.