bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of soft tissues and bone in children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Dantonello Tobias M. , Int‐Veen Christoph , Leuschner Ivo , Schuck Andreas , Furtwaengler Rhoikos , Claviez Alexander , Schneider Dominik T. , Klingebiel Thomas , Bielack Stefan S. , Koscielniak Ewa 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) is a rare tumor with a strong tendency toward late recurrences leading to reported 10‐year survival rates below 50%. The recommended treatment is resection with wide margins; the effectiveness of chemo‐ and radiotherapy remain poorly defined. As reports about MCS in young patients are scarce, treatment and outcomes of children/adolescents/young adults in the CWS and COSS studies were investigated.METHODS.Since 1977, 15 of >7000 CWS and COSS patients ≤25 years had a confirmed diagnosis of MCS.RESULTS.The median age was 16.6 (range, 1–25) and median follow‐up 9.6 years (range, 1–22). Four MCS were osseous and 11 extraosseous. All but 1 patient had nonmetastatic disease. Tumor sites were head/neck (n = 6), paravertebral (n = 3), pelvis (n = 3), limbs (n = 2), and kidney (n = 1). All tumors were resected, but only 8 completely. Thirteen individuals received chemotherapy, 6 were irradiated. Actuarial 10‐year event‐free and overall survival rates were 53% and 67%, respectively. Four recurrences occurred, all within 4 years from diagnosis (3 local, 1 combined; 2 of these in irradiated patients). One of these patients survived after surgery and radiation for local recurrence. Seven of 8 patients whose tumors were completely resected during primary treatment, but only 4 of 7 patients with incomplete surgery survived disease‐free.CONCLUSIONS.This series of 15 MCS differs from others: the median age was young, most tumors were extraosseous, most patients received chemotherapy, and the outcome was better than published. Despite long‐term follow‐up, characteristic late metastatic recurrences were not observed. Treating MCS according to standard multimodal soft tissue/bone sarcoma regimens is proposed. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Final survival and safety results from a multicenter, open‐label, phase 3b trial of erlotinib in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Spigel David R. , Lin Ming , O'Neill Vincent , Hainsworth John D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Erlotinib is an orally available, reversible inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with a proven survival advantage for patients with locally advanced or metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have failed a prior chemotherapy. This phase 3b, multicenter, open‐label trial of erlotinib in patients with advanced NSCLC who had progressed after standard chemotherapy treatment was conducted to examine the efficacy and safety of erlotinib monotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC who had developed disease progression after previous chemotherapy and to characterize the duration of survival and the response rate of erlotinib‐treated patients in subpopulations defined by other patient characteristics before U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval.METHODS.A total of 229 patients were enrolled and treated with the standard dose of erlotinib (150 mg once daily). The coprimary objectives were to characterize the overall response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS) associated with erlotinib therapy in this group and in patient subsets defined by tobacco history. Secondary objectives were to assess safety, to characterize OS and ORR in patient subpopulations, and to determine duration of time on treatment. Patients could remain on study up to 9 months after approval.RESULTS.The ORR was 8.3% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 5.2–2.4%). The ORR in never‐smokers, previous smokers, and current smokers was 28.6% (95% CI, 13.2–50.6%), 6.0% (95% CI, 3.0–10.4%), and 7.3% (95% CI, 2.0–19.0%), respectively. The median OS for all patients was 6.3 months (95% CI, 4.7–8.0 months). In previous and current smokers, the median survival was 5.2 months (95% CI, 4.2–7.3 months) and 6.3 months (95% CI, 3.6–9.2 months), respectively, and was not reached in never‐smokers. The median duration of treatment was 10.6 weeks. One (0.4%) interstitial lung disease‐like event was reported.CONCLUSIONS.No new safety signals were noted. The observed ORR and survival data are consistent with results from the pivotal trial BR.21. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Halogen Effect on the Photodissociation Mechanism for Gas‐Phase Bromobenzene and Iodobenzene
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Peng , Wei Zheng‐Rong , Tang Ying , Chao Ting‐Jung , Zhang Bing , Lin King‐Chuen 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe velocity imaging technique combined with (2+1) resonance‐enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) is used to detect the halogen fragments in the photodissociation of bromobenzene and iodobenzene at 266 nm. With the aid of potential energy curve calculations by Lunell (Y. J. Liu, P. Persson, S. Lunell, J. Phys. Chem. A 2004, 108, 2339–2345.), the Br fragmentation is proposed to stem from excitation of the lowest excited singlet ${(\pi - \pi ^\ast )}$ state followed by predissociation along a repulsive triplet ${(n - \sigma ^\ast )}$ state. The slowed dissociation rate leads to production of the isotropic Br fragments and 93 % internal energy deposition. Only the ground state Br(2P3/2) is detectable. In contrast, when iodine is substituted, the iodine effect stabilizes the repulsive states associated with the IC6H5 bond rupture and the subsequent dissociation channels become more complicated. 84 % of the iodobenzene molecules obtained follow a direct dissociation channel, while the remaining undergo a predissociative process. Both routes result in rapid dissociation with anisotropy parameters of 0.7±0.2 and 0.9±0.2 as well as 70 % and 26 % in the fractions of translational energy deposition, respectively. The relative quantum yields of I* and I are 0.35 and 0.65 and their related photodissociation pathways are discussed in detail.
Reactions of [Hg(Tab)2](PF6)2 [Tab = 4‐(trimethylammonio)benzenethiolate] with NaX (X = Cl, NO2, NO3): Isolation and Structural Characterization of a Series of Mono‐ and Binuclear Hg/Tab/X Compounds
Authors: Tang Xiao‐Yan , Chen Jin‐Xiang , Liu Guang‐Fei , Ren Zhi‐Gang , Zhang Yong , Lang Jian‐Ping 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe complex [Hg(Tab)2](PF6)2 [Tab = 4‐(trimethylammonio)benzenethiolate] (1) reacts with one or two equivalents of NaCl to afford the mononuclear complex [Hg(Tab)2Cl](PF6) (2) and the dinuclear complex [{Hg(μ‐Tab)(Tab)Cl}2]Cl2·H2O (3·H2O), respectively. Similar reactions of 1 with NaCl and NaX (molar ratio = 1:1) produce the dinuclear species [{Hg(μ‐Tab)(Tab)Cl}2]X2 [X = NO2 (4), NO3 (5)], while those with NaNO2 or NaNO3 give rise to [{Hg(μ‐Tab)(Tab)X}2]X2 [X = NO2 (6), NO3 (7)]. Complexes 2–7 have been characterised by elemental analysis, IR, UV/Vis, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray crystallography. The Hg atom of the [Hg(Tab)2Cl]+ cation in 2 adopts a T‐shaped coordination geometry. Two [Hg(Tab)2Cl]+ cations in 3·H2O, 4, and 5 are linked by a pair of weak Hg–S bonds to form a dimeric [Hg(μ‐Tab)(Tab)Cl]22+ dication, and the centrosymmetric [Hg(μ‐Tab)(Tab)X]22+ dication in 6 and 7 consists of two [Hg(Tab)2X]+ cations linked by a couple of weak Hg–S bonds. The hydrogen‐bonding interactions in 2–7 lead to the formation of interesting 2D (5, 7) or 3D (2–4, 6) hydrogen‐bonded networks.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Borage and evening primrose oil
Authors: Eskin N. A. Michael 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe paper gives a short overview about the production and composition of borage (Borago officinalis) and evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) oil considering special aspects of the production as cold‐pressed oil. Both oils are characterized by a remarkable amount of γ‐linolenic acid, which has some nutritional advantages. The fatty acid composition of evening primrose oil is dominated by linoleic acid with about 72% and about 13% γ‐linolenic acid, while borage oil consists of twice the amount of γ‐linolenic acid and only 38% linoleic acid. The amount of saturated fatty acids is higher in borage oil. The tocopherol composition of both oils is dominated by γ‐tocopherol, with borage oil containing twice the amount compared to evening primrose oil.
Simultaneous separation of eight β‐adrenergic drugs using titanium dioxide nanoparticles as additive in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Zhou Shanshan , Wang Yanqing , De Beer Thomas , Baeyens Willy R. G. , Fei Guang Tao , Dilinuer Malike , Ouyang Jin 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe analysis is described for separating seven β‐adrenergic blocking agents (atenolol, celiprolol, clorprenaline, fenoterol, metoprolol, propranolol, terbutaline) and clenbuterol (sympathomimetic β‐2 receptor stimulating agonist, decongestant and bronchodilator, illicit anabolic used in athletics) by CE with UV detection. In order to simultaneously separate all analytes, Tris‐H3PO4 solution was applied containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) as BGEs. The effects of important factors, such as concentration of TiO2 NPs, optimum pH, run buffer concentration, and separation voltage, were investigated so as to achieve best CE separation. The eight analytes could be well separated applying a separation voltage of 15 kV in 75 mM Tris‐H3PO4 buffer at a pH of 2.40, containing 6.0×10−6 g/mL TiO2 NPs. Under these optimal conditions, the RSDs for peak areas and for migration times were less than 2.7 and 2.3%, respectively. The detection limits were 0.1 μg/mL for celiprolol, 0.1 μg/mL for propranolol, 0.2 μg/mL for fenoterol, 1.0 μg/mL for atenolol, 1.0 μg/mL for clenbuterol, 1.0 μg/mL for clorprenaline, 1.0 μg/mL for metoprolol, and 1.0 μg/mL for terbutaline. The proposed method was successfully applied for the rapid CE determination of the frequently applied antihypertensive β‐blocking compounds atenolol, metoprolol, terbutaline, and propranolol in pharmaceutical tablets.
Fluorescence energy transfer‐labeled primers for high‐performance forensic DNA profiling
Authors: Yeung Stephanie H. I. , Seo Tae Seok , Crouse Cecelia A. , Greenspoon Susan A. , Chiesl Thomas N. , Ban Jeff D. , Mathies Richard A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA fluorescence energy transfer (ET) dye‐labeled STR typing system (ET 16‐plex) is developed for the markers used in the commercial STR typing kit PowerPlex 16, and its performance assessed using a 96‐lane microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis (μCAE) system. The ET 16‐plex amplicons displayed 1.6–9‐fold higher fluorescence intensities compared to those produced using the single‐dye (SD)‐labeled multiplex kits. The ET multiplex delivered full STR profiles from 62.5 pg of DNA; half the input required for the SD kits while maintaining a similar heterozygote allele balance. This increased sensitivity should improve typing of poor‐quality DNA samples by making minor or imbalanced alleles more readily detectable at the low copy number (LCN) threshold. The ET 16‐plex also generated complete profiles with only 28 PCR cycles; this capability should improve LCN typing by reducing the amplification time and drop‐in allele incidence. To confirm the practical advantages of ET‐labeled primers, six previously problematic casework samples were tested and only the ET 16‐plex kit was able to capture additional allele data. The successful development and demonstration of ET primers for higher sensitivity STR typing offers a simple solution to improving current commercial multiplex typing capability. The superior spectral properties and universal compatibility with any primer sequence provided by ET cassettes will make future multiplex construction more facile and straightforward. The pairing of ET cassette technology with the μCAE system illustrates not only an enhanced STR typing platform, but a significant step toward a higher‐efficiency forensic laboratory enabled by better chemistry and microfluidics.
Cation‐selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography for analysis of morphine and its four metabolites in human urine
Authors: Lin Yi‐Hui , Chiang Jui‐Feng , Lee Maw‐Rong , Lee Ren‐Jye , Ko Wei‐Kung , Wu Shou‐Mei 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA cation‐selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar EKC (CSEI‐Sweep‐MEKC) was established to analyze morphine and its four metabolites, including codeine, normorphine (NM), morphine‐3‐glucuronide (M3G), and morphine‐6‐glucuronide (M6G). After SPE, the urine samples were analyzed by this CE method. The phosphate buffer (75 mM, pH 2.5) containing 30% methanol was first filled into an uncoated fused‐silica capillary (40 cm, 50 μm id), then a high‐conductivity buffer (120 mM phosphate, 10.3 kPa for 99.9 s) followed. The pretreated urine sample was loaded by electrokinetic injection (10 kV, 600 s). The stacking and separation were performed by using phosphate buffer (25 mM, pH 2.5) containing 22% methanol and 100 mM SDS at −20 kV, and detected at 200 nm. During method validation, calibration plots were linear (r ≥ 0.998) over a range of 30–3000 ng/mL for morphine, NM, and codeine, 100–2000 ng/mL for M6G, and 80–3200 ng/mL for M3G. The LODs (S/N = 5, sampling 600 s at 10 kV) were 10 ng/mL for morphine, NM, and codeine, 35 ng/mL for M6G, and 25 ng/mL for M3G. This stacking CE method could increase 2500‐fold sensitivity of codeine, when comparing with CZE. Five addicts' urine specimens were analyzed. Their results were compared with those of LC‐MS‐MS, and showed good coincidence. This method could be feasible for monitoring morphine and its metabolites in forensic interest and pharmacokinetic investigations.
Enzymatic membranes for the selective transport of neutral molecules by electrophoresis
Authors: Perrin Bernard , Couturier Roger , Fiaty Koffi , Charcosset Catherine , Maïsterrena Bernard 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe active and selective transport of glucose and glycerol was carried out using electrophoresis and artificial enzymatic membranes. These positively charged composite membranes carry, on the face adjacent to the donor compartment of an electrophoresis module, a specific kinase (hexokinase or glycerokinase) and, on the opposite face, an alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Phosphorylation of the neutral substrate (glucose or glycerol) on the donor side by the kinase generates a negatively charged phosphorylated substrate, whose transmembrane migration is promoted by an electric field and by the membrane's positive charge. Dephosphorylation of the phosphorylated substrate by ALP on the opposite face regenerates the neutral substrate, which accumulates in the receiver compartment of the electrophoresis module. Using an electrophoresis module specifically designed for this study, our experiments were carried out enabling glucose and glycerol to be concentrated approximately eight‐ and twelve‐fold, respectively, in 8 h.
The case for structured random codes in network capacity theorems
Authors: Nazer Bobak , Gastpar Michael 
Published: April 2008

AbstractRandom coding arguments are the backbone of most channel capacity achievability proofs. In this paper, we show that in their standard form, such arguments are insufficient for proving some network capacity theorems: structured coding arguments, such as random linear or lattice codes, attain higher rates. Historically, structured codes have been studied as a stepping stone to practical constructions. However, Körner and Marton demonstrated their usefulness for capacity theorems through the derivation of the optimal rate region of a distributed functional source coding problem. Here, we use multicasting over finite field and Gaussian multiple‐access networks as canonical examples to demonstrate that even if we want to send bits over a network, structured codes succeed where simple random codes fail. Beyond network coding, we also consider distributed computation over noisy channels and a special relay‐type problem. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular dissection of the chromosome band 7q21 amplicon in gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas identifies cyclin‐dependent kinase 6 at both genomic and protein expression levels
Authors: van Dekken H. , van Marion R. , Vissers K. J. , Hop W. C. J. , Dinjens W. N. M. , Tilanus H. W. , Wink J. C. , van Duin M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAmplification of chromosome band 7q21 has been frequently detected in various types of cancer including gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinomas. At present, no gene has been disclosed that can explain this frequent amplification of 7q21 in GEJ carcinomas. Therefore, a detailed genomic analysis of the 7q21 region was performed on a selected series of GEJ adenocarcinomas, i.e., 14 primary adenocarcinomas and 10 cell lines, by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) with a 7q11.22‐q31.2 contig array. A distinct peak of amplification was identified at 92.1 Mb in 7q21.2, precisely comprising cyclin‐dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), a gene involved in cell cycle regulation. A smaller peak was seen at 116.2 Mb in 7q31.2, the locus of the MET proto‐oncogene. No distinct peak was detected for the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) at 81.3 Mb in 7q21.11. An immunoprofile of HGF, CDK6 and MET revealed a strong correlation between aCGH and immunohistochemical protein expression for CDK6 (P = 0.002). Furthermore, immunohistochemistry did not show expression of CDK6 in Barrett's dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, correlating expression of CDK6 with a malignant phenotype. We conclude that high‐resolution genomic analysis and immunoprofiling identify CDK6 as the main candidate target for the recurrent amplification of 7q21 in GEJ adenocarcinomas. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of respiration variations on independent component analysis results of resting state functional connectivity
Authors: Birn Rasmus M. , Murphy Kevin , Bandettini Peter A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe analysis of functional connectivity in fMRI can be severely affected by cardiac and respiratory fluctuations. While some of these artifactual signal changes can be reduced by physiological noise correction routines, signal fluctuations induced by slower breath‐to‐breath changes in the depth and rate of breathing are typically not removed. These slower respiration‐induced signal changes occur at low frequencies and spatial locations similar to the fluctuations used to infer functional connectivity, and have been shown to significantly affect seed‐ROI or seed‐voxel based functional connectivity analysis, particularly in the default mode network. In this study, we investigate the effect of respiration variations on functional connectivity maps derived from independent component analysis (ICA) of resting‐state data. Regions of the default mode network were identified by deactivations during a lexical decision task. Variations in respiration were measured independently and correlated with the MRI time series data. ICA appears to separate the default mode network and the respiration‐related changes in most cases. In some cases, however, the component automatically identified as the default mode network was the same as the component identified as respiration‐related. Furthermore, in most cases the time series associated with the default mode network component was still significantly correlated with changes in respiration volume per time, suggesting that current methods of ICA may not completely separate respiration from the default mode network. An independent measure of the respiration provides valuable information to help distinguish the default mode network from respiration‐related signal changes, and to assess the degree of residual respiration related effects. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamical consequences of lesions in cortical networks
Authors: Honey Christopher J. , Sporns Olaf 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTo understand the effects of a cortical lesion it is necessary to consider not only the loss of local neural function, but also the lesion‐induced changes in the larger network of endogenous oscillatory interactions in the brain. To investigate how network embedding influences a region's functional role, and the consequences of its being damaged, we implement two models of oscillatory cortical interactions, both of which inherit their coupling architecture from the available anatomical connection data for macaque cerebral cortex. In the first model, node dynamics are governed by Kuramoto phase oscillator equations, and we investigate the sequence in which areas entrain one another in the transition to global synchrony. In the second model, node dynamics are governed by a more realistic neural mass model, and we assess long‐run inter‐regional interactions using a measure of directed information flow. Highly connected parietal and frontal areas are found to synchronize most rapidly, more so than equally highly connected visual and somatosensory areas, and this difference can be explained in terms of the network's clustered architecture. For both models, lesion effects extend beyond the immediate neighbors of the lesioned site, and the amplitude and dispersal of nonlocal effects are again influenced by cluster patterns in the network. Although the consequences of in vivo lesions will always depend on circuitry local to the damaged site, we conclude that lesions of parietal regions (especially areas 5 and 7a) and frontal regions (especially areas 46 and FEF) have the greatest potential to disrupt the integrative aspects of neocortical function. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulation of temporally coherent brain networks estimated using ICA at rest and during cognitive tasks
Authors: Calhoun Vince D. , Kiehl Kent A. , Pearlson Godfrey D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBrain regions which exhibit temporally coherent fluctuations, have been increasingly studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Such networks are often identified in the context of an fMRI scan collected during rest (and thus are called “resting state networks”); however, they are also present during (and modulated by) the performance of a cognitive task. In this article, we will refer to such networks as temporally coherent networks (TCNs). Although there is still some debate over the physiological source of these fluctuations, TCNs are being studied in a variety of ways. Recent studies have examined ways TCNs can be used to identify patterns associated with various brain disorders (e.g. schizophrenia, autism or Alzheimer's disease). Independent component analysis (ICA) is one method being used to identify TCNs. ICA is a data driven approach which is especially useful for decomposing activation during complex cognitive tasks where multiple operations occur simultaneously. In this article we review recent TCN studies with emphasis on those that use ICA. We also present new results showing that TCNs are robust, and can be consistently identified at rest and during performance of a cognitive task in healthy individuals and in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, multiple TCNs show temporal and spatial modulation during the cognitive task versus rest. In summary, TCNs show considerable promise as potential imaging biological markers of brain diseases, though each network needs to be studied in more detail. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.