bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunologic abnormality in a group of Macaca arctoides with high mortality due to atypical mycobacterial and other disease processes
Authors: Holmberg Charles A. , Henrickson Roy , Lenninger Ron , Anderson John , Hayashi Linda , Ellingsworth Larry 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Of 54 Macaca arctoides, 44 died during the 2.5 years after their assignment to a common cage. Although early deaths were due to trauma, acute gastric dilatation, and shigellosis; latter deaths were the result of a variety of uncommon diseases including atypical mycobacterial disease, malignant lymphoma, protozoan encephalomyelitis, and other necrotizing and inflammatory lesions.
Atypical mycobacterial disease due to Mycobacterium avium intracellular serotypes was the most frequent single disease agent recognized (33% [18 macaques]). This disease began in the ileum and large intestine with subsequent systemic involvement. An abnormality of host response to infective agents, in general, was indicated by the unusually high occurrence of this disease, as well as other disease processes. Morphologic evaluation of lymphoid organs revealed decreased cellularity of follicles and decreased numbers of plasma cells in all macaques, whereas T cell-dependent areas varied from hypocellular to hypercellular with 5 macaques with malignant lymphoma. The spontaneous erythrocyte rosette-forming subpopulation of T cells was decreased in peripheral blood, but was increased in lymph nodes containing atypical mycobacterial lesions.
Serum immunoglobulin value decreased progressively in diseased macaques. A basic abnormality of T-cell subpopulations controlling other components of host response was suspected. Macrophages from lesions that contain mycobacterial organisms did not phagocytize latex beads normally in vitro, whereas monocytes in the blood of the same macaques were capable of in vitro phagocytosis.
Ornithodoros coriaceus (pajaroello tick) as a vector of bluetongue virus
Authors: Stott Jeffrey L. , Osburn Bennie I. , Alexander Lisa 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Preliminary studies demonstrated that the argasid tick, Ornithodoros coriaceus Koch, could become infected with bluetongue virus (btv). Ticks became infected after feeding through artificial membranes on btv infected suspensions of cell cultures, chicken embryos, and sheep blood. Ticks also became infected after natural feeding on viremic sheep (btv serotype 17) and cattle (btv serotype 11). Virus was recovered from the hemolymph and salivary glands of ticks which had ingested btv either through an artificial membrane or by natural feeding on a host animal. Ticks infected with btv serotype 13 were capable of transmitting the virus to a susceptible cow at 42 days after ingestion of virus-infected cultures, thus demonstrating the potential of the tick to serve as a biological vector of btv.
Alterations in coagulation and hemograms of horses given endotoxins for 24 hours via hepatic portal infusions
Authors: Duncan S. G. , Meyers K. M. , Reed S. M. , Grant B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
This experiment was designed to establish a model for the study of gastrointestinal disturbances as a result of prolonged endotoxin uptake in the horse. The hepatic portal vein of 7 horses was catheterized (through flank incisions) to give chronic hepatic portal infusions of lipopolysaccharide (lps, endotoxin). Lipopolysaccharide was infused at a rate of 1 μg/kg of body weight/hr for 24 hours. Two of the horses were infused with saline solution for 12 hours before lps infusions were given.Lipopolysaccharide was shown to affect behavior and hematologic and coagulation values. The 1st hour was critical for the lps-infused horses; yet by 4 hours, the horses had apparently become refractory to continued infusion of lps. During the 1st hour, all horses collapsed without an accompanying hypotension. A decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) was seen during this time and was accompanied by a shortening of the recalcification tests, 1-stage prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. There was an increased concentration of circulating fibrinogen/fibrin degradatory products. All of the lps-infused horses showed signs of hoof discomfort and either stood with the 4 feet together beneath the body or continually shifted their weight from one front foot to the other. Hoof temperature decreased approximately 3 degrees (C) during this time and remained decreased for the duration of the experiment.
Comparison of the healing of prescrotal urethrotomy incisions in the dog: Sutured versus nonsutured
Authors: Weber William J. , Boothe Harry W. , Brassard Jacqueline A. , Hobson H. Philip 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Comparison was made of the healing of sutured prescrotal urethral incisions (12 dogs) with that of nonsutured incisions (6 dogs). Comparison was also made of the healing of 5-0 polyglactin 910-sutured urethral incisions (6 dogs) with that of 5-0 polydioxanone-sutured incisions (6 dogs). Three dogs from each treatment group were euthanatized 3 weeks and 6 weeks after the surgical procedure. Surgical sites were examined grossly, and urethral circumference measurements were taken at 3 locations (surgical site, 1 cm cranially, and 1 cm caudally). Transverse sections of the surgical sites were prepared and examined by light microscopy.Hemorrhage occurred postoperatively in dogs in which the incisions were not sutured. The surgical sites from the 6 dogs in which incisions healed by second intention had more fibrosis and less inflammation than did those that were sutured. There was little difference between incisions sutured with polyglactin 910 and those sutured with polydioxanone suture material. Postoperative urethral stricture formation did not occur in any of the dogs.
Hemorrhage from the cosmetic otoplasty of Doberman Pinschers with von Willebrand’s disease
Authors: Johnson Gary S. , Schlink Gerald T. , Fallon Ronald K. , Moore Cecil P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The hemorrhagic tendencies of 23 Doberman Pinscher pups were observed during cosmetic otoplasty and were ranked by a +1 to +4 grading system (+1 = least hemorrhage, and +4 = most hemorrhage). A second estimate of the hemostatic competencies of these dogs was made by counting the gauze sponges used in the otoplasties. Factor VIII-related antigen concentrations and coagglutinin cofactor concentrations were measured in plasma samples from blood drawn not more than 30 hours before the surgical procedures were done. The factor VIII-related antigen concentrations were between 9% and 147% of the concentration in a normal plasma pool, and the coagglutinin cofactor concentrations were between 1% and 165%, indicating that some of these dogs had von Willebrand’s disease. The hemorrhagic tendencies of 12 pups were graded +1. This group had a mean antigen concentration of 75% (min-max, 38% to 147%) and a mean coagglutinin cofactor concentration of 89% (min-max, 42% to 165%). These were significantly > the antigen and cofactor concentrations of the grades +2 (n = 5), +3 (n = 3), or +4 (n = 3) dogs. Significant differences were not found when antigen concentrations of the grade +2 dogs (mean, 16%; min-max, 11% to 22%), grade +3 dogs (mean, 13%; 12% to 16%), and grade +4 dogs (mean, 11%; 9% to 12%) were compared with each other, nor were significant differences seen among the coagglutinin cofactor concentrations of the grade +2 dogs (mean, 7%; min-max, 1% to 11%), grade +3 dogs (mean, 6%, 4% to 8%), and grade +4 dogs (mean, 5%; 2% to 9%). Otoplasties of pups whose factor VIII-related antigen and coagglutinin cofactor concentrations were more than 30% required relatively few sponges (mean, 12; minmax, 5 to 19), whereas in most instances, more sponges (mean, 31; 12 to 60) were used during the surgical operations on pups whose antigen and cofactor concentrations were less than 30%.
Retrospective study of four years of carcass condemnation rates for malignant lymphoma in California cows
Authors: Thurmond M. C. , Lapuz G. R. , Farver T. B. , Mandac G. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A retrospective study was undertaken to examine monthly rates of carcass condemnation for bovine malignant lymphoma in adult dairy cows slaughtered between January 1979 and December 1982, in 2 plants (A and B) in the southern San Joaquin Valley of California. Extremes (mean) of monthly rates for slaughterhouse A were 41 to 100 (65.9) per 10,000 slaughtered and for slaughterhouse B, 39 to 113 (94.1) per 10,000. The overall monthly mean rate was 80 per 10,000 slaughtered.Equations for long-term trend lines for condemnation rates for slaughterhouses A and B were T = 0.398 + 0.0176t - 0.0002t2 and T = 0.314 + 0.0378t - 0.0007t2, where t = month. A difference in patterns of trends was not apparent, although slaughterhouse A tended to have lower rates of condemnation than did slaughterhouse B.Seasonal components of trend lines, estimated by time-series analysis, were not consistent between plants, except for the month of August, during which time seasonally adjusted rates were low for both slaughterhouses.For slaughterhouse A, 2 classic cyclical components were identified—between January 1981 and September 1981 and between September 1981 and September 1982. For slaughterhouse B, the cyclical components were between November 1979 and July 1981 and between July 1981 and August 1982. The later cycle resembled the second cycle of rates from slaughterhouse A.Rates remained stable through 1979 and then increased steadily for 2.5 years. During the last 6 months of 1982, rates leveled off and perhaps began to decline.
Effect of sodium heparin and antithrombin III concentration on activated partial thromboplastin time in the dog
Authors: Hellebrekers L. J. , Slappendel R. J. , van den Brom W. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Regulation of blood coagulation was studied in 12 dogs, using subcutaneous administration of sodium heparin. Dosage of heparin needed to achieve the desired 1.5- to 2.5-fold increase in the activated partial thromboplastin time (aptt) was 250 to 500 IU/kg of body weight. Increased aptt lasted < 6 hours. Repeated heparin administration, using the lowest dosage (250 IU/kg) every 6 hours, induced an unacceptable prolongation of clotting times during the first 2 days of treatment. Prolonged administration at a dosage of 200 IU/kg every 6 hours adequately maintained the desired hypocoagulative state initially; after 2 days, however, the prolonged aptt steadily decreased.
The decreasing effect was proportionate to a decrease in plasma antithrombin III (AT III). To sustain a correctly balanced hypocoagulative state from prolonged subcutaneous administration of heparin, aptt values should be determined regularly to monitor therapy. In addition, transfusion of AT III-rich donor plasma may be necessary when low plasma AT III reduces the effects of heparin.
Effects of various antidotal treatments on acetaminophen toxicosis and biotransformation in cats
Authors: Savides Michael C. , Oehme Frederick W. , Leipold Horst W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Oral N-acetylcysteine (nac), iv nac, and iv sodium sulfate were evaluated as treatments for cats dosed orally with toxic sublethal doses of acetaminophen (apap). Six cats were given single oral doses of 120 mg of apap/kg of body weight and the respective antidote at 4.5, 8.5, and 12.5 hours after apap dosing in 3 separate trials. The cats were given each antidotal treatment in random order with at least 3 weeks separating the individual apap-treated trials. Clinical signs, plasma apap half-lives, clinical chemical values, and apap urinary excretion and metabolites were studied. Results were compared (P < 0.05) with each other and with those of a control group of 6 cats given identical apap doses, but given no antidotal treatment. At the dosage levels used, oral nac, iv nac, and iv sodium sulfate were equally effective antidotes, as measured by decreased methemoglobinemia, increased whole blood reduced glutathione, decreased apap half-lives, and increased urinary excretion of the apap-sulfate conjugate. All the antidotal treatments produced results significantly different from those in the control cats.
Pathologie changes in pigs with prednisolone-induced recrudescence of herpesvirus infection
Authors: Narita Minoru , Shimizu Mitsugu , Kawamura Hitoshi , Haritani Makoto , Moriwaki Masashi 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In pigs inoculated with Aujeszky's disease virus (adv), recrudescence of herpesvirus infection was induced by daily administration of 1,000 mg of prednisolone for 5 days at 2 (group A) or 5 (group B) months after the primary infection. At necropsy in group A pigs, adv was recovered from nasal secretions 3 to 9 days after prednisolone treatment initiation and from the brain cortex 10 days after treatment initiation; adv was not recovered from group B pigs. In pigs of both groups killed 10 days after treatment initiation, 2 types of characteristic lesions were found. One type was a nonsuppurative encephalitis that consisted of neuronal necrosis, neuronophagia, and formation of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. The 2nd type had basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the enlarged endothelial cells of the kidneys, liver, lungs, adrenal glands, and lymph node sinusoids. Cells containing intranuclear inclusion bodies had immature and mature herpesvirus particles. Therefore, the brain lesions containing the eosinophilic inclusion bodies were considered to be due to adv. Basophilic inclusion bodies in the endothelial cells were due to porcine cytomegalovirus. These observations indicated that prednisolone treatment resulted in recrudescence of adv and porcine cytomegalovirus infections.
Effects of flunixin meglumine on blood pressure and fluid compartment volume changes in ponies given endotoxin
Authors: Dunkle N. J. , Bottoms G. D. , Fessler J. F. , Knox K. , Roesel O. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study was conducted to determine whether body fluids undergo a net shift from one compartment to another during endotoxin-induced shock in the pony, and whether flunixin meglumine alters these endotoxin-induced changes in the volumes of body fluid compartments. Total blood, rbc, and plasma volumes were determined, using 51Cr-labeled rbc and pcv that were corrected for trapped plasma. Total body water was measured by distribution of 3HOH. Arterial blood pressure was measured directly, using a blood pressure transducer. Treatment (flunixin meglumine, 1.1 mg/kg of body weight) was given to 6 of the 12 ponies 1 minute before an iv injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin (100 μg/kg of body weight, ld100). The pcv and rbc volume increased in both groups; however, the hemoconcentration was less in flunixin meglumine-treated ponies. In nontreated ponies, total blood volume and plasma volume decreased significantly during the first hour after endotoxin administration. In treated ponies, total blood volume did not vary significantly, and plasma volume decreased only slightly. In both groups, the increase in pcv was apparently due to splenic contraction, which increased the number of circulating rbc. Hemoconcentration was further increased in nontreated ponies by the loss of plasma into the interstitial space. Flunixin meglumine reduced plasma loss, minimized hemoconcentration, and maintained normal blood volume. Total body water remained constant in treated and nontreated ponies.
Pathophysiologic study of 3-methylindole-induced pulmonary toxicosis in immature cattle
Authors: Lekeux P. , Hajer R. , van den Ingh T. S. G. A. M. , Breukink H. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 5 Friesian calves given 3-methylindole (3-mi) (100 mg/kg once a week for 8 weeks, except calf 4, given a 50 mg/kg dose on weeks 3 to 8), pulmonary function (pf) values and arterial blood gas tensions (Pao2 and Paco2) were measured 24 hours after dosing was done and were correlated with clinical, biochemical, and pathologic changes.
Three of the calves (No. 1, 2, and 3) showed acute respiratory distress syndrome 24 hours after the first 3-mi treatment, with a large increase in respiratory frequency, minute viscous work, and Paco2 and a large decrease in tidal volume, dynamic lung compliance, and Pao2. They died 36, 38, and 84 hours after dosing.
Pulmonary function changes were compatible with the severe pulmonary edema and alveolar damage observed at necropsy. The 2 other calves, after they were given the 1st dose, showed only subacute respiratory distress syndrome with less severe changes in pf values recorded at 24 hours. Furthermore, they became progressively more tolerant to the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weekly treatments, and showed base-line pf values after the 5th weekly treatment. Pathologic changes were not observed in lung biopsy material from these 2 animals at 2 and at 12 weeks after the 8th (or last) 3-mi treatment.
Cytoplasmic estrogen and progesterone receptors in canine endometrium during the estrous cycle
Authors: Johnston Shirley D. , Kiang David T. , Seguin Bradley E. , Hegstad Rebecca L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Estradiol and progesterone receptors (er, pr) were characterized and measured in cytosols from canine endometrium, using saturation and sucrose-gradient centrifugation radioassays. Both receptors were demonstrated to be steroid- and tissue-specific saturable proteins, which bound the respective steroids with high affinity (dissociation constant [Kd]~10−9M). Serum estradiol, progesterone, and endometrial cytosol receptor concentrations and receptor-binding affinity were measured for 25 bitches from which samples were obtained at 5 stages of the estrous cycle (5 bitches each): anestrus (A), the 3rd day of proestrus (P3), the 3rd day of estrus (E3), the 12th day after onset of estrus (E12), and the 28th day after onset of estrus (E28). Mean (± sem) serum estradiol concentrations were 17.0 ± 2.2 (A), 55.4 ± 5.0 (P3), 89.4 ± 24.9 (E3), 41.0 ± 5.9 (E12), and 50.6 ± 3.9 (E28) pg/ml. Mean (± sem) serum progesterone concentrations were 0.4 ± 0.1 (A), 1.5 ± 0.2 (P3), 17.3 ± 7.5 (E3), 41.6 ± 9.5 (E12), and 25.8 ± 3.2 (E28) ng/ml. Concentrations of er increased significantly from 1.06 pmol/g of uterus during stage A to a peak concentration of 6.18 pmol/g of uterus at E12, followed by a gradual decrease to 0.69 pmol/g of uterus by E28. The pr concentrations increased from 3.01 pmol/g of uterus in stage A to 17.32 pmol/g of uterus at P3; pr concentrations, thereafter, decreased gradually to 1.85 pmol/g of uterus by E28. Dissociation constants were significantly higher at E12 for the er (Kd = 2.6645 × 10−9M) and at P3 for the pr (Kd = 5.8282 × 10−9M) than at the other stages examined, indicating a decrease in receptor affinity during the periods of high receptor concentrations. These data indicate that follicular estrogen induces er and pr formation in the dog as it does in other species. Second, decreases in serum estradiol concentrations and increases in serum progesterone concentrations are associated with decreases in receptor concentration.
Echocardiographic and clinical effects of milrinone in dogs with myocardial failure
Authors: Kittleson Mark D. , Pipers Frank S. , Knauer Kenneth W. , Keister D. Mark , Knowlen Grant G. , Miner William S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Milrinone is a recently synthesized bypyridine compound with positive inotropic and arteriolar dilating properties in persons and experimental animals. To examine the efficacy and safety of milrinone to treat myocardial failure in dogs, dogs with myocardial failure were selected from the patient populations of 3 veterinary hospitals. Progressively increased dosages of milrinone, from 0.05 to 1.0 mg/kg of body weight, were administered over 14 days, and cardiac responses, as determined by M-mode echocardiography, and clinical responses were recorded. An effective dosage of milrinone was identified for each dog and administered for 4 weeks to evaluate the stability of the cardiac response. A randomized blinded study of drug vs nondrug capsule or nondrug elixer (designated placebo) was performed at the end of 4 weeks to eliminate possible effects of investigator bias or spontaneous regression of the disease. The duration of drug effect was determined by evaluating echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular function for 12 hours after drug administration.
Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function improved in dogs given milrinone. The effective dosage was between 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg. Tolerance to milrinone did not develop during the 4-week study. In dogs given placebo during the randomized blinded study, echocardiographic values decreased significantly. Dogs that were given milrinone remained echocardiographically stable. During the study, 6 dogs improved clinically, 5 remained the same, 1 had a decrease in exercise tolerance, 1 died of severe heart failure, and 1 died of hypoadrenocorticism. Ventricular tachydysrhythmia was exacerbated in 2 dogs, but was not treated. The drug effect lasted 12 hours, but was only 45% of maximum at 12 hours.
This study indicates that milrinone may be, in the future, an effective and safe drug for treating myocardial failure in the dog.
Vascularization of cancellous chip bone grafts
Authors: Wilson James W. , Rhinelander Frederic W. , Stewart Charles L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fresh autogenous, frozen allogeneic, and commercially prepared xenogeneic cancellous chip bone grafts were placed into plug holes in the tibia and into surgically simulated nonunion defects in the ulna of dogs. The microvascular and correlated histologic reactions were studied at given times up to 12 weeks after the graft implantation. Marked and characteristic differences were noted among the 3 graft materials. Fresh autogenous chips were extensively vascularized by 1 week, and subsequent microscopic healing was rapid. Allogeneic chips were incorporated into all defects, but vascularization and histologic healing rates were slower than those with the fresh autogenous graft material. The xenogeneic graft was poorly incorporated. A foreign body reaction was seen histologically, and corresponding vascularization of the graft was slow and incomplete.
Impaired function of bovine alveolar macrophages infected with parainfluenza-3 virus
Authors: Liggitt D. , Huston L. , Silflow R. , Evermann J. , Trigo E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bovine alveolar macrophages (bam) were harvested from nonsedated cattle, adhered to glass or plastic surfaces, and infected with parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus at a multiplicity of infection of 10. Control and pi-3 virus-infected bam were compared at 24-hour intervals up to 168 hours for their ability to phagocytize antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes (eac) and latex particles, to kill Staphylococcus epidermidis, and to alter intracellular acid phosphatase concentrations. The effect of antiviral serum on phagocytic functions of virus-infected cells was also evaluated. Compared with noninfected controls, alveolar macrophages infected with pi-3 virus were 15.3% less adherent to the glass or plastic surfaces at postinoculation hour (pih) 72 and were 64.0% less adherent at pih 168. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the numbers of control and infected bam phagocytizing eac were observed at pih 24 through 72, with final values differing by approximately 50%. Similar changes were observed in the phagocytic efficiencies of individual cells. The pi-3 virus-infected bam that were exposed to antiserum or to immunoglobulins against pi-3 virus had approximately a 2-fold greater inhibition in eac phagocytosis than did infected bam exposed to serum without pi-3 activity. Significant differences in latex particle phagocytosis were not observed between infected and control bam. Compared with control bam, the pi-3 virus-infected bam contained significantly lower concentrations of acid phosphatase from pih 48 through 96; at pih 96, acid phosphatase concentrations were 4-fold less in infected than in control bam. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in bacterial killing between infected and control bam were not recognized until pih 168. Results of this study indicate that pi-3 virus can impair selected bam functions associated with defense of the lung,