bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of nucleus implant parameters on the compressive mechanics of the lumbar intervertebral disc: A finite element study
Authors: Joshi Abhijeet , Massey Christopher J. , Karduna Andrew , Vresilovic Edward , Marcolongo Michele 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA simplified finite element model of the human lumbar intervertebral disc was utilized for understanding nucleus pulposus implant mechanics. The model was used to assess the effect of nucleus implant parameter variations on the resulting compressive biomechanics of the lumbar anterior column unit. The effects of nucleus implant material (modulus and Poisson's ratio) and geometrical (height and diameter) parameters on the mechanical behavior of the disc were investigated. The model predicted that variations in implant modulus contribute less to the compressive disc mechanics compared to the implant geometrical parameters, for the ranges examined. It was concluded that some threshold exists for the nucleus implant modulus, below which little variations in load–displacement behavior were shown. Compressive biomechanics were highly affected by implant volume (under‐filling the nucleus cavity, line‐to‐line fit, or over‐filling the nucleus cavity) with a greater restoration of compressive mechanics observed with the over‐filled implant design. This work indicated the effect of nucleus implant parameter variations on the compressive mechanics of the human lumbar intervertebral disc and importance of the “fit and fill” effect of the nuclear cavity in the restoration of the human intervertebral disc mechanics in compression. These findings may have clinical significance for nucleus implant design. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Ecomorphology of morpho‐functional relationships in the family of sparidae: A quantitative statistic approach
Authors: Antonucci Francesca , Costa Corrado , Aguzzi, Jacopo , Cataudella Stefano 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn many fish species, morphological similarity can be considered as a proxy for similarities in habitat use. The Sparidae family includes species that are recognized for common morphological features such as structure and positioning of the fins and specialized dentition. The aim of this study was to quantitatively describe the relationship of body shape morphology with habitat use, trophic level, and systematics in the majority of known Sparidae species (N = 92). This ecomorphological comparison was performed with a geometric morphometric approach considering as variables the Trophic Index (TROPH), the habitat (i.e., classified as demersal, benthopelagic and reef associated) and the phylogenetic relationship of species at the subfamily level. The analysis by the TROPH variable showed a positive relation with shape because the morphological features of all the species are strongly correlated with their trophic behavior (e.g., herbivore species have a smaller mouth gap that make them able to feed upon sessile resources). The morphological analysis according to the Habitat variable was used to classify species according to a feeding‐habitat niche in terms of portion of the water column and seabed space where species mostly perform their behavioral activities. We described three kinds of morphological designs in relation to a benthopelagic, demersal and reef‐associated habit. The six subfamily groups were morphologically well distinguishable and the cladogram relative to Mahalanobis' morphological distances was compared with those proposed by other authors. We also quantified the phylogenetic relationship among the different subfamilies based on the analysis of shape in relation to trophic ecology, confirming the observations of the authors. J. Morphol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of positive‐based research in building the science of organizational behavior
Authors: Wright Thomas A. , Quick James Campbell 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe role of the positive organizational movement continues to garner significant attention in the applied sciences. Using Kipling's “six honest serving men” framework (What, Why, When, How, Where, and Who), we discuss six potential challenges and opportunities facing the positive organizational movement. First, we review what constitutes the realm of positive behavior. Next, we discuss why an awareness of the holistic model is highly germane to any discussion of the positive organizational movement. Third, and addressing a key methodological issue confronting the positive movement, we examine when a “trait” is really a trait. Fourth, how we study what we study is examined. Fifth, where the positive movement can best contribute to employee betterment is introduced. Finally, we close with a discussion of just who really benefit from our research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The emerging positive agenda in organizations: greater than a trickle, but not yet a deluge
Authors: Wright Thomas A. , Quick James Campbell 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe evidence is clear regarding applied science's longstanding fascination with the negative aspects of organizational life. The purpose of this special issue of theJournal of Organizational Behavioris to tangibly demonstrate that the concept of a “positive psychology” is gaining importance in both psychology and organizational behavior. To that end, our lead article focuses on five topic areas. First, we provide a limited historical backdrop of positive organizational research. Second, we suggest the theoretical basis forwhythe current overwhelming emphasis on the negative. Next, we introduce the seven peer refereed articles contained in this special issue which, when considered together, highlight the varied application and potentially widespread benefits of studying the positive in organizational research. Fourth, incorporating the “point/counterpoint”JOBframework, we offer two varying, but insightful, perspectives on positive organizational research by Luthans and Avolio and Hackman. Finally, the article concludes with a discussion ofhowemerging research on the positive can be used to help build a stronger science of organizational behavior. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological ownership: theoretical extensions, measurement and relation to work outcomes
Authors: Avey James B. , Avolio Bruce J. , Crossley Craig D. , Luthans Fred 
Published: January 2009

AbstractViewing psychological ownership as a positive resource for impacting human performance in organizations, the present study investigated the components of an expanded view of psychological ownership. Confirmatory factor analyses on a proposed measure of psychological ownership provided support for a positively‐oriented, “promotion‐focused” aspect of psychological ownership comprised of four dimensions: self‐efficacy, accountability, sense of belongingness and self‐identity. In addition, territoriality was examined as a unique and more “prevention‐focused” form of ownership. Practical implications and suggestions for future research on psychological ownership and positive organizational behavior conclude the article. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zest and work
Authors: Peterson Christopher , Park Nansook , Hall Nicholas , Seligman Martin E. P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractZest is a positive trait reflecting a person's approach to life with anticipation, energy, and excitement. In the present study, 9803 currently employed adult respondents to an Internet site completed measures of dispositional zest, orientation to work as a calling, and satisfaction with work and life in general. Across all occupations, zest predicted the stance that work was a calling (r = .39), as well as work satisfaction (r = .46) and general life satisfaction (r = .53). Zest deserves further attention from organizational scholars, especially how it can be encouraged in the workplace. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Team level positivity: investigating positive psychological capacities and team level outcomes
Authors: West Bradley J. , Patera Jaime L. , Carsten Melissa K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe movement toward positive psychology has uncovered the important role that positivity plays in both individual and organizational success. Given that work teams are becoming increasingly embedded in organizational structures, it is surprising that few researchers have investigated positivity at the team level. The present study examines the emergence of team level positive psychological capacities and their relationship with team outcomes (e.g., cohesion, cooperation, coordination, and conflict and team satisfaction) during two team sessions. Results from 101 teams suggest that team optimism is an important predictor of team outcomes when teams are newly formed, whereas team resilience and team efficacy show greater explanatory power after several team interactions. Implications of the findings are discussed, as well as possible avenues for additional research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thoracic cytoreductive surgery and intraoperative hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy for pseudomyxoma peritonei
Authors: Chua Terence C. , Yan Tristan D. , Yap Zhu L. , Horton Matthew D. , Fermanis Gary G. , Morris David L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundPleural dissemination of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is considered an advanced/terminal disease. We review our experience with thoracic cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and intraoperative hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITHOC) for the treatment of pleural recurrence of PMP following previous intraabdominal surgery.Patients and MethodsAn observational study of five patients with pleural dissemination from PMP treated with thoracic CRS and intraoperative HITHOC with mitomycin C for 90 min at 41.5°C.ResultsThere were three men. The mean age was 46.5 (10.5) years. Postoperatively, one patient developed Grade I, one patient developed Grade III and one patient developed Grade IV postoperative complication. Two patients had an unremarkable postoperative recovery. Only one patient has died 38 months since treatment from abdominal complication of this disease with no evidence of thoracic disease. The four surviving patients are still alive 4.6–47.4 months after treatment. Two patients have evidence of an intraabdominal recurrence.ConclusionsThoracic CRS and intraoperative HITHOC is a safe and effective procedure to treat pleural dissemination from PMP. Long‐term disease‐free survival can be achieved from this treatment for which no other potentially curative therapy has been described. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:292–295. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An embedded statistical method for coupling molecular dynamics and finite element analyses
Authors: Saether E. , Yamakov V. , Glaessgen E. H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe coupling of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with finite element methods (FEM) yields computationally efficient models that link fundamental material processes at the atomistic level with continuum field responses at higher length scales. The theoretical challenge involves developing a seamless connection along an interface between two inherently different simulation frameworks. Various specialized methods have been developed to solve particular classes of problems. Many of these methods link the kinematics of individual MD atoms with finite element (FE) nodes at their common interface, necessarily requiring that the FE mesh be refined to atomic resolution. Some of these coupling approaches also require simulations to be carried out at 0 K and restrict modelling to two‐dimensional material domains due to difficulties in simulating full three‐dimensional material processes. In the present work, a new approach to MD–FEM coupling is developed based on a restatement of the standard boundary value problem used to define a coupled domain. The method replaces a direct linkage of individual MD atoms and FE nodes with a statistical averaging of atomistic displacements in local atomic volumes associated with each FE node in an interface region. The FEM and MD computational systems are effectively independent and communicate only through an iterative update of their boundary conditions. Thus, the method lends itself for use with any FEM or MD code. With the use of statistical averages of the atomistic quantities to couple the two computational schemes, the developed approach is referred to as an embedded statistical coupling method (ESCM). ESCM provides an enhanced coupling methodology that is inherently applicable to three‐dimensional domains, avoids discretization of the continuum model to atomic scale resolution, and permits finite temperature states to be applied. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin: pathological and molecular evidence for a causative role of MCV in oncogenesis
Authors: Sastre‐Garau Xavier , Peter Martine , Avril Marie‐Françoise , Laude Hélène , Couturier Jérôme , Rozenberg Flore , Almeida Anna , Boitier Françoise , Carlotti Agnès , Couturaud Benoıt , Dupin Nicolas 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a skin tumour with neuroendocrine features, was recently found to be associated with a new type of human polyomavirus, called Merkel cell virus (MCV). We investigated the specificity of this association as well as a causal role of MCV in oncogenesis. DNA and RNA from ten cases of MCC were analysed using PCR and RT‐PCR. DNA from 1241 specimens of a wide range of human tumours was also analysed. The DIPS technique was used to identify the integration locus of viral DNA sequences. Array CGH was performed to analyse structural alterations of the cell genome. MCV DNA sequences were found in all ten cases of MCC and in none of the 1241 specimens of other tumour types. Clonal integration of MCV into the host genome was seen in all MCC cases and was checked by FISH in one case. A recurrent pattern of conserved viral sequences which encompassed the replication origin, the small tumour (ST), and the 5′ part of the large tumour (LT) antigen DNA sequences was observed. Both ST and LT viral sequences were found to be significantly expressed in all MCCs. Neither recurrent site of integration nor alteration of cellular genes located near the viral sequences was observed. The tight association of MCV with MCC, the clonal pattern of MCV integration, and the expression of the viral oncoproteins strongly support a causative role for MCV in the tumour process. This information will help the development of novel approaches for the assessment and therapy of MCC and biologically related tumours. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing epithelial engraftment of rat mesenchymal stem cells restores epithelial barrier integrity
Authors: Yabana Takashi , Arimura Yoshiaki , Tanaka Hiroki , Goto Akira , Hosokawa Masayo , Nagaishi Kanna , Yamashita Kentaro , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Adachi Yasushi , Sasaki Yasushi , Isobe Masaharu , Fujimiya Mineko , Imai Kohzoh , Shinomura Yasuhisa 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe cellular origin, in vivo function and fate of donor bone marrow‐derived cells residing in the recipient intestinal epithelial cells, pericryptal myofibroblasts or endothelial cells remain obscure. Although ‘immunoprivileged’ mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are prime candidates for cell‐ and gene‐based therapy, their precise role in colitis remains largely undetermined. Using a dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) colitis with busulphan (BU)‐induced hypoplastic marrow model, we examined the therapeutic effects of MSC transplantation, focusing on the role of MSCs as both cell providers and immunomodulators. Donor‐derived MSCs were detected by eGFP immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization for Y‐chromosome (Y‐FISH) analysis. Western blot analysis of apical‐most tight junction proteins was performed with antibodies against claudin‐2, ‐7, ‐8, ‐12, ‐13, ‐15 and ZO‐1. Cytokine and cell cycle profiles were analysed by semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR and flow cytometry. Susceptibility to DSS colitis was significantly increased by co‐existing BU‐induced bone marrow hypoplasia and this increase was significantly reduced by enhancing epithelial engraftment of MSCs, an effect depending on restoring epithelial barrier integrity rather than inhibiting host immune responses. We provide evidence that implicates MSCs in maintaining epithelial barrier function by reassembling apical‐most tight junction proteins, claudins. The therapeutic efficacy of extrinsic MSCs depends on enhancing epithelial engraftment in damaged crypts by busulphan conditioning. Such a role for the MSC‐derived intestinal cells in colitis therapy merits further examination and may offer a promising new treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal screening for Down syndrome: women's involvement in decision‐making and their attitudes to screening
Authors: Seror Valerie , Ville Yves 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate pregnant women's decisions about and attitudes towards Down syndrome screening, i.e. ultrasound at 11–14 weeks, Maternal Serum Markers (MSM) at 11–14 or 15–17 weeks and possibly invasive testing.MethodWomen having given birth to a non‐affected child were asked to fill in a self‐administered questionnaire during their stay at the maternity unit. In order to characterize women's decision‐making behaviour, a hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted and logistic regressions were performed.ResultsFour hundred women were invited to participate in the study, and 391 returned the questionnaire. Both ultrasound and biochemical screening had been proposed to 88.3% of the women. Three clusters of women who were offered ultrasound and MSM were identified. Two clusters (52% and 42% of women) differed in active versus passive involvement in decision‐making. Passively involved women frequently reported unawareness of the possibility of having to make decisions about invasive testing and/or termination of pregnancy. The third cluster (6% of women) consisted of women who declined MSM. Most of the women showed a preference for first‐trimester screening, but actively involved women were willing to pay more for MSM.ConclusionProviding information about the sequence of decision possibly involved in screening could contribute to better informed decisions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early first‐trimester free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A serum distributions in monochorionic and dichorionic twins
Authors: Linskens I. H. , Spreeuwenberg M. D. , Blankenstein M. A. , van Vugt J. M. G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundIn the Netherlands, prenatal screening for trisomy 21 in the first trimester of pregnancy for singletons is conducted through a combined test based on maternal age, nuchal translucency measurement and maternal serum free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A. In our clinic risk calculations in twins are currently based on the NT of both fetuses instead of the combined test. In this study we looked at differences in early first‐trimester free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A between mono‐ and dichorionic twins.MethodsA total of 202 twin pregnant women participated in the study and agreed to donate first‐trimester serum for research.ResultsThe data of 200 twins with normal outcome were used for setting up reference values for free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A. Trisomy 21 was identified in the two remaining pregnancies. The overall median weight‐corrected MoM was 1.99 for free β‐hCG, and 2.14 for PAPP‐A in all twins. Monochorionic twins have a significantly lower free β‐hCG weight‐corrected MoM (1.53 vs 2.11; Mann‐Whitney U, p = 0.002) and a significantly lower PAPP‐A weight‐corrected MoM (1.59 vs 2.40; Mann‐Whitney U, p = 0.003) compared to dichorionic.ConclusionThis study strengthened the need to make a distinction between mono‐ and dichorionic twins for the risk calculation in Down syndrome screening as biochemical markers are significantly lower in monochorionic than in dichorionic twins. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid prenatal diagnosis of common chromosome aneuploidies by QF‐PCR, results of 9 years of clinical experience
Authors: Cirigliano Vincenzo , Voglino Gianfranco , Ordoñez Elena , Marongiu Antonella , Paz Cañadas M. , Ejarque Maijo , Rueda Laura , Lloveras Elisabet , Fuster Carme , Adinolfi Matteo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundDespite being deliberately targeted to common chromosome aneuploidies, the rapid quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF‐PCR) tests can detect the majority of chromosome abnormalities in prenatal diagnosis. The main advantages of this assay are low cost, speed and automation allowing large‐scale application.MethodsWe developed a QF‐PCR test that was applied on 43 000 clinical samples reporting results in 24 h. Most common indications were biochemical risk (32%) and advanced maternal age (30%). Samples were also tested by cytogenetic analysis and the results compared.ResultsAneuploidies involving chromosomes 21, 18, 13, X and Y were detected with 100% specificity. Several cases of partial trisomies and mosaicism were also identified. Overall 95% of clinically relevant abnormalities were readily detected and termination of affected pregnancies could be performed without waiting for the cytogenetic results.ConclusionsOur study supports the possibility of reducing the load of prenatal cytogenetic tests if the pregnancies are carefully monitored by non‐invasive screening. In case of abnormal QF‐PCR results, medical action can be taken within few hours from sampling. In cases of negative QF‐PCR results, cytogenetic analyses might only be performed for fetuses with ultrasound abnormalities. In countries where large‐scale cytogenetic tests are not available, QF‐PCR may be used as the only prenatal diagnostic procedure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing discrepant findings between QF‐PCR on uncultured prenatal samples and karyotyping on long‐term culture
Authors: Lau Elizabeth T. , Tang Linda , Wong Cherry , Yung Hang Lam , Ghosh A. , Leung W. C. , Sin W. K. , Lau T. K. , Kung Y. Y. , Tang Mary H. Y. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of discrepant results found between quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF‐PCR) analysis on uncultured prenatal samples and karyotyping on long‐term culture.MethodResults of QF‐PCR from 1932 amniotic fluid (AF) and 1132 chorionic villus (CV) samples collected from September 1999 to February 2008 were analyzed. Nature of discrepancies was categorized for normal or abnormal results from uncultured and cultured samples.ResultsA total of nine (0.8%) discrepant cases were found in the CV and six (0.3%) in AF samples. Three abnormal results involving trisomy 18 or mosaic trisomy 13 showed normal karyotype with one representing complete discordance. There were three QF‐PCR reports with initial mosaic trisomy 21 and five cases involving sex chromosome aneuploidy showing complete trisomy 21 and 45,X, respectively, after long‐term culture.ConclusionsCV (0.8%) and AF (0.3%) samples showed discrepant results after culturing and 40% of discrepancy involved the sex chromosomes. QF‐PCR on long‐term culture was concordant with karyotyping results meaning that QF‐PCR is technically sound. Discrepant PCR findings in uncultured prenatal samples likely arose from mosaicism or preferential cell culture. Limitations in abnormal QF‐PCR results may be discussed with couples before further action. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.