bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type III adenylyl cyclase localizes to primary cilia throughout the adult mouse brain
Authors: Bishop Georgia A. , Berbari Nicolas F. , Lewis Jacqueline , Mykytyn Kirk 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSolitary primary cilia project from nearly every cell type in the human body. These organelles are considered to have important sensory and signaling functions. Although primary cilia have been detected throughout the mammalian brain, their functions are unknown. The study of primary cilia in the brain is constrained by the scarcity of specific markers for these organelles. We previously demonstrated that type III adenylyl cyclase (ACIII) is a marker for primary cilia on neonatal hippocampal neurons in vivo and in vitro. We further showed that ACIII localizes to cilia on cultured glial cells. Here, we report that ACIII is a marker for primary cilia throughout many regions of the adult mouse brain. Furthermore, we report that ACIII localizes to primary cilia on choroid plexus cells and some astrocytes in the brain, which to our knowledge is the first report of a marker for visualizing cilia on glia in vivo. Overall, our data indicate that ACIII is a prominent marker of primary cilia in the brain and will provide an important tool to facilitate further investigations into the functions of these organelles. J. Comp. Neurol. 505:562–571, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology and ontogeny of rat perirhinal cortical neurons
Authors: Furtak Sharon Christine , Moyer James Russell , Brown Thomas Huntington 
Published: October 2007

AbstractGolgi‐impregnated neurons from rat perirhinal cortex (PR) were classified into one of 15 distinct morphological categories (N = 6,891). The frequency of neurons in each cell class was determined as a function of the layer of PR and the age of the animal, which ranged from postnatal day 0 (P0) to young adulthood (P45). The developmental appearance of Golgi‐impregnated neurons conformed to the expected “inside‐out” pattern of development, meaning that cells populated in deep before superficial layers of PR. The relative frequencies of different cell types changed during the first 2 weeks of postnatal development. The largest cells, which were pyramidal and spiny multipolar neurons, appeared earliest. Aspiny stellate neurons were the last to appear. The total number of Golgi‐impregnated neurons peaked at P10–12, corresponding to the time of eye‐opening. This early increase in the number of impregnated neurons parallels observations in other cortical areas. The relative frequency of the 15 cell types remained constant between P14 to P45. The proportion of pyramidal neurons in PR (≈50%) was much smaller than is typical of neocortex (≈70%). A correspondingly larger proportion of PR neurons were nonpyramidal cells that are less common in neocortex. The relative frequency distribution of cell types creates an overall impression of considerable morphological diversity, which is arguably related to the particular manner in which this periallocortical brain region processes and stores information. J. Comp. Neurol. 505:493–510, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Water‐Soluble Phenanthroline Complexes of Rhodium, Iridium and Ruthenium for the Regeneration of NADH in the Enzymatic Reduction of Ketones (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 30/2007)
Authors: Canivet Jérôme , Süss‐Fink Georg , Štěpnička Petr 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe cover picture shows an example of combined organometallic and enzymatic catalysis in aqueous solution. The rhodium complex [(C5Me5)Rh(phenanthroline)Cl]+ continuously regenerates NADH from NAD+ by using formate as hydrogen source, and the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis enantioselectively reduces the ketone to the corresponding alcohol by means of the NADH formed. This work illustrates the increasing interest in enantioselective catalysis with the environmentally friendly water as solvent. Details are discussed in the article by G. Süss‐Fink et al. on p. 4736 f.
Influence of the Double‐Bond Geometry of the Michael Acceptor on Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition
Authors: Vuagnoux‐d'Augustin Magali , Alexakis Alexandre 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFocusing on mechanistic aspects, a study of the influence of the (E)/(Z) double‐bond geometry of the Michael acceptor on the enantioselectivity of copper‐catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition reactions has been realized. In spite of numerous articles concerning copper‐catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition reactions, the major factors of such a reaction are quite difficult to elucidate. Although our experiments have not allowed us to define strict rules, they have highlighted some factors not to be neglected when considering the approach of the copper reagent to the double bond, such as (E)/(Z) isomerization and steric aspects, which could change the reactive conformation of the substrate. Electronic effects could also modify the polarization of the double bond and influence the nucleophilic attack. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Versatile One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐Alkenylcoumarins
Authors: Königs Pia , Neumann Olivia , Hackelöer Kristina , Kataeva Olga , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA variety of 2‐acyl‐, 2‐aroyl‐ and 2‐formyl‐substituted phenols are converted in a one‐pot reaction with α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acid chlorides into the corresponding 3‐alkenylcoumarins. Especially the labile 3‐vinylcoumarins are readily available by the simple to perform protocol. If longer alkenyl chains are involved in position 3, small molecules with excellent organo gelating properties are established. The mode of action for such aggregates is confirmed by X‐ray analysis of an analogue.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Organocatalytic Asymmetric β‐Hydroxylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Carlone Armando , Bartoli Giuseppe , Bosco Marcella , Pesciaioli Fabio , Ricci Paolo , Sambri Letizia , Melchiorre Paolo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe highly enantioselective organocatalytic β‐hydroxylation of α,β‐unsaturated ketones was accomplished by using oximes as the oxygen‐centered nucleophile. Optically active products are obtained with enantioselectivity up to 94 %. Central to these studies was the use of catalytic primary amine salt A, in which both the cation and the anion are chiral. Amine A exhibits high reactivity and selectivity for iminium‐ion catalysis with enones. The potential interest of this novel transformation was demonstrated with the easy conversion of the Michael adducts in enantioenriched anti and syn 1,2‐diols without erosion of the optical purity.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Selective visuo‐haptic processing of shape and texture
Authors: Stilla Randall , Sathian K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPrevious functional neuroimaging studies have described shape‐selectivity for haptic stimuli in many cerebral cortical regions, of which some are also visually shape‐selective. However, the literature is equivocal on the existence of haptic or visuo‐haptic texture‐selectivity. We report here on a human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in which shape and texture perception were contrasted using haptic stimuli presented to the right hand, and visual stimuli presented centrally. Bilateral selectivity for shape, with overlap between modalities, was found in a dorsal set of parietal areas: the postcentral sulcus and anterior, posterior and ventral parts of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS); as well as ventrally in the lateral occipital complex. The magnitude of visually‐ and haptically‐evoked activity was significantly correlated across subjects in the left posterior IPS and right lateral occipital complex, suggesting that these areas specifically house representations of object shape. Haptic shape‐selectivity was also found in the left postcentral gyrus, the left lingual gyrus, and a number of frontal cortical sites. Haptic texture‐selectivity was found in ventral somatosensory areas: the parietal operculum and posterior insula bilaterally, as well as in the right medial occipital cortex, overlapping with a medial occipital cortical region, which was texture‐selective for visual stimuli. The present report corroborates and elaborates previous suggestions of specialized visuo‐haptic processing of texture and shape. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Memory consolidation of landmarks in good navigators
Authors: Janzen Gabriele , Jansen Clemens , Turennout Miranda van 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLandmarks play an important role in successful navigation. To successfully find your way around an environment, navigationally relevant information needs to be stored and become available at later moments in time. Evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies shows that the human parahippocampal gyrus encodes the navigational relevance of landmarks. In the present event‐related fMRI experiment, we investigated memory consolidation of navigationally relevant landmarks in the medial temporal lobe after route learning. Sixteen right‐handed volunteers viewed two film sequences through a virtual museum with objects placed at locations relevant (decision points) or irrelevant (nondecision points) for navigation. To investigate consolidation effects, one film sequence was seen in the evening before scanning, the other one was seen the following morning, directly before scanning. Event‐related fMRI data were acquired during an object recognition task. Participants decided whether they had seen the objects in the previously shown films. After scanning, participants answered standardized questions about their navigational skills, and were divided into groups of good and bad navigators, based on their scores. An effect of memory consolidation was obtained in the hippocampus: Objects that were seen the evening before scanning (remote objects) elicited more activity than objects seen directly before scanning (recent objects). This increase in activity in bilateral hippocampus for remote objects was observed in good navigators only. In addition, a spatial‐specific effect of memory consolidation for navigationally relevant objects was observed in the parahippocampal gyrus. Remote decision point objects induced increased activity as compared with recent decision point objects, again in good navigators only. The results provide initial evidence for a connection between memory consolidation and navigational ability that can provide a basis for successful navigation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A single application of MK801 causes symptoms of acute psychosis, deficits in spatial memory, and impairment of synaptic plasticity in rats
Authors: Manahan‐Vaughan Denise , von Haebler Dorothea , Winter Christine , Juckel Georg , Heinemann Uwe 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSchizophrenia is mostly a progressive psychiatric illness. Although cognitive changes in chronic schizophrenia have been investigated, little is known about the consequences of a single psychotic episode on memory mechanisms and formation. We investigated changes in hippocampal long‐term potentiation (LTP) and spatial memory in a rat model of an acute psychotic episode. Application of NMDA receptor antagonists, such as MK801 (dizolcilpine) in rats, have been shown to give rise to an acute and short‐lasting behavioral state, which mirrors many symptoms of schizophrenia. Furthermore, NMDA antagonist‐intake in humans elicits symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations, delusions, and affective blunting. We therefore treated animals with a single systemic injection of MK801 (5 mg/kg). Increased stereotypy, locomotion, and ataxia were evident immediately after MK801‐treatment, with effects disappearing within 24 h. MK801‐treatment caused a disruption of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex, 1 day but not 7 or 28 days after treatment. These effects were consistent with the occurrence of an acute psychotic episode. LTP was profoundly impaired in freely moving rats 7 days after MK801 application. Four weeks after treatment, a slight recovery of LTP was seen, however marked deficits in long‐term spatial memory were evident. These data suggest that treatment with MK801 to generate an acute psychotic episode in rats, gives rise to grave disturbances in synaptic plasticity and is associated with lasting impairments with the ability to form spatial memory. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chaetal arrangement provides no support for a close relationship of Sabellidae and Sabellariidae (Annelida)
Authors: Kieselbach Dominik , Hausen Harald 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSabellid and sabellariid polychaetes are regarded as sister groups in a number of recent phylogenetic analyses. This is based mainly on a shared specific arrangement of chaetae referred to as chaetal inversion. Remarkably, the uncini have a notopodial position in the abdomen, whereas capillary chaetae occur in the neuropodia in both taxa in contrast to the situation in putative relatives. However, in sabellids uncini and capillary chaetae change their position completely at the border between thorax and abdomen, whereas uncini are missing in the parathorax of Sabellariidae. Due to this difference the significance of the chaetal inversion for systematics has been subject to discussion for years. Serial semithin sections of parapodia of the Sabellidae Sabella pavonina, Branchiomma bombyx, Fabricia stellaris, and of the Sabellariidae Sabellaria alveolata were studied in order to obtain detailed information on their chaetal arrangement and sites of chaetal origin. SEM investigations and computer‐aided 3D‐reconstructions provide deep insight into the spatial organization of the rami. Though differing externally, the principal chaetal arrangement and the location of the formative sites turned out to be almost identical within the species of Sabellidae. Most chaetae are aligned in straight transverse rows with a dorsal site of origin within neuropodia and a ventral one in notopodia as is common in sedentary polychaetes. Semicircular and spiral arrangements are revealed to be modified transverse rows. Only in thoracic notopodia does an additional dorsocaudal formative site form distinct rows. The chaetal inversion in Sabellidae is additionally characterized by an abrupt change of capillary chaetae and uncini along with a sudden change of the parapodial morphology at the border between thorax and abdomen. All chaetae of S. alveolata are aligned in transverse rows with the same location of the formative sites as in sabellids and other sedentary polychaetes. However, in contrast to sabellids the chaetae are not inverted across a parathoracic abdominal border. Moreover, there is no inversion of the parapodial structure from parathorax to abdomen and the neuropodial chaetal composition changes gradually from parathorax to abdomen. The chaetal arrangement in Sabellariidae thus cannot be described as inverted along the body‐axis as in Sabellidae. Evolutionary steps implied by the assumption of an inverted chaetal pattern in a supposed common ancestor are discussed. It is concluded that the specific chaetal arrangement of Sabellidae and Sabellariidae arose independently and therefore provides no support for a sistergroup relationship of sabellids and sabellariids. J. Morphol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Raman spectroscopic study of the Mapungubwe oblates: glass trade beads excavated at an Iron Age archaeological site in South Africa
Authors: Prinsloo Linda C. , Colomban Philippe 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOblate seed beads (2–4 mm) excavated on Mapungubwe hill, an Iron Age site in South Africa, were analysed with Raman microscopy and supportive techniques to determine the glass technology and pigments used to produce the beads. The Raman spectra and XRF analysis of the beads classify the glass as a typical soda/lime/potash glass similar to Islamic glass from the 8th century (Ommayad), but with higher levels of aluminium, iron and magnesium. The turquoise, bright green, bright yellow and orange colours were obtained by utilizing a combination of cassiterite (SnO2) and lead tin yellow type II (PbSn1−xSixO3). Doping with cobalt and manganese produced dark blue and plum‐coloured beads. The Fe‐S chromophore was detected through its resonance‐enhanced spectrum in the black beads. Corrosion of the black beads was investigated and an organic phase detected on the beads, which might have influenced the corrosion process. This detailed profile of the glass technology used to produce the Mapungubwe oblates might eventually help to determine their provenance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma electrolytic oxidation of AZ91D magnesium alloy with different additives and its corrosion behavior
Authors: Cao Fa‐he , Cao Jiang‐lin , Zhang Zhao , Zhang Jian‐qing , Cao Chu‐nan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPlasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of Mg‐based AZ91D alloys was investigated using 50 Hz AC anodizing technique in an alkaline borate solution, which contained a new kind of organic additive and without F, P, and Cr. The anodizing technological parameters have been optimized and a kind of ivory‐white smooth anodic film with high corrosion resistance was obtained. It was found that the formation of the anodic films was always coupled with sparking and oxygen evolution, whose intensity changed with the additive and anodizing voltage. All EIS plots have two capacitive loops and one low frequency inductive component. Two capacitive arcs present the barrier and porous layer of the PEO film and the inductive component in the low frequency domain is a complex behavior due to the porous structure connected to the electrolyte. EIS plots and fitting results show that a self‐sealing process of the PEO firm with different additives takes place in the beginning of immersion time, then corrosion attack becomes a preponderant process to promote the degradation of the film. Tafel results show that PEO treatment decreases the corrosion current density by four, even five orders of magnitude, while additives content does not affect strongly the electrochemical corrosion behavior. Salt spray test shows that the PEO film formed with NaAlO2 and Na2SiO3 presents good corrosion resistance, over 600 h without any sealing treatment. The difference of corrosion resistance arose by additives examined by electrochemical techniques and salt spray test does not show strict corresponding relationship.
Hydrogen permeation behavior and corrosion monitoring of steel in cyclic wet–dry atmospheric environment
Authors: Zheng C. , Huang Y. , Huo C. , Yu Q. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHydrogen permeation of 16Mn steel under a cyclic wet–dry condition was investigated by Devanathan–Stachurski's electrolytic cell with a membrane covered on the exit side by a nickel layer and the weight loss was measured for each wet–dry cycle. The results show that hydrogen permeation current change with different atmospheric environment: distilled water, seawater, and seawater containing 100 ppm H2S. The results show that seawater can induce an increase in the hydrogen permeation current due to the hydrolyzation reaction. And after the increase, equilibrium is reached due to the equilibrium of hydrolyzation reaction effect and the block of the rust layer. On the other hand, H2S contamination also can induce an increase in the maximum hydrogen permeation current due to the hydrolyzation reaction. And H2S contamination delays the time that hydrogen permeation is detected because of the formation of the FeS(1−x) film. The FeS(1−x) film can block the absorption of hydrogen onto the specimen surface. The surface potential change and the pH change of the metal surface control the hydrogen permeation current. And a clear linear correlation exists between the quantities of hydrogen permeated through the 16Mn steel and the weight loss. Based on the linear correlation, we monitored the corrosion rate by monitoring the hydrogen permeation current by a sensor outside. Good coherences were shown between results in laboratory and outside.
The relation between electrochemical tests and in vitro evaluation of titanium alloy biocompatibility
Authors: Popa M. V. , Demetrescu I. , Iordachescu D. , Cimpean A. , Vasilescu E. , Drob P. , Vasilescu C. , Istratescu M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this paper, the electrochemical behaviour of the titanium and Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy in artificial saliva (Tani&Zucchi and Carter–Brugirard), ion release tests and in vitro biocompatibility of human osteoblasts (HOB) were studied. Titanium and its implant Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy present self‐passivation and very stable passive films in Tani&Zucchi artificial saliva of pH = 2.5; 5; 6.7; 9; the total quantity of ions released in the artificial saliva and corrosion rates are very low, proving a very good corrosion resistance and very low toxicity. In undoped and doped Carter–Brugirard saliva, the open circuit potentials have highly electropositive values, denoting passive state and good stability; the open circuit potential gradients, simulating the non‐uniformity of the saliva composition, show very low values, no danger for the implant integrity. The in vitro cytotoxicity of Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy was evaluated on the basis of cell morphology and cell viability. The results obtained revealed a high biocompatibility between HOB and Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy.
Chemical composition of new copper alloys for machining and its effect on their susceptibility to corrosion cracking
Authors: Eremiáš B. , Převorovský D. , Janík V. , Faltus J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractZinc‐containing copper alloys, the so‐called α + β brasses, are commonly used in contact with potable water. These materials are alloyed with lead to improve machinability. In wrought special brass alloys, reducing the content of this alloying element or replacing it with alternative alloying additions may give rise to a new type of machinable copper alloys which differ from the original alloys by their contents of other modifier elements such as Si (or possibly, Mg, Bi, and P). These alloys have a very low content of lead required for the break‐up of chips during machining. Even though these types of brass exhibit a very good machinability, the effects of their chemical composition on the resistance of the alloy to corrosion cracking have not yet been given sufficient attention. This paper aims to present an assessment of three new types of machinable copper alloys regarding their susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking, in comparison to that of the lead‐alloyed variety, in 0.05 M NaCl, NaNO2, and Na2SO4 solutions. The slow strain rate test has been used for this purpose, and its results were correlated with metallographic evaluation of the number and depth of the cracks observed on the test specimen surfaces on completion of the test.