bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feature subset selection using heuristic and metaheuristic approaches for diabetes prediction on a binary encoded dataset
Authors: Kumar Puneet , Bhati Bhoopesh Singh , Dhanaraj Rajesh Kumar , Iwendi Celestine , Balusamy Balamurugan , Bhati Nitesh Singh , Rai Prerana 
Published: March 2024

The Machine Learning (ML) models are prone to a curse of dimensionality. The dataset with a greater number of features involves more computational cost and it may lead to low performance in the context of prediction accuracy. Therefore, in this research work we have predicted diabetes with more accuracy by using a smaller number of features. The heuristic methods Sequential Forward Selection (SFS), Sequential Backward Selection (SBS) and metaheuristic evolutionary methods — Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are used for performing feature subset selection. The Gini index is also used as a filter evaluator. The performance of the feature subsets is analyzed by applying three different types of ML models, Random Forest (RF), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). We have predicted type-2 diabetes with an accuracy of 96.82%. Also, we have reduced the number of features up to 67.44% i.e., identified 32.56% most relevant features.
From Social Minority to Children’s Rights in Colombia
Authors: Carreño Manosalva Clara Inés 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article reviews the institutional concepts associated with child protection in Bogota, Colombia, from the 16th century to the present, and studies how these concepts merged with the neoliberal discourse at the beginning of the 21st century in the care practices that are carried out. The article shows how state institutions in charge of child protection base their activities on ideological representations that involve techniques of control, surveillance and punishment of domestic units, which are presented as dysfunctional insofar as the children are seen as vulnerable. The article concludes that this exercise perpetuates social and spatial segregation in the city to legitimise the governance of child care. Ethnographic work carried out in the period between 2012 and 2017 in the Centro Único de Recepción de Niños (Unique Child Reception Centre) in Bogotá, is taken as a point of reference for the analysis.
Mitigation of effects of heat and humidity at Tokyo 2020 Olympic Summer Games equestrian events
Authors: Foreman J.H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The physiological challenge of Tokyo 2020, the XXXII Olympic Summer Games held in July-August 2021, was adaptation to training and competing in the subtropical summer weather conditions. Dressage, Eventing, and Jumping horses (n = 248) arrived at 05:00-06:30 h on six European and two Australian overnight chartered flights 8-to-10 days prior to beginning competition. All horses were housed at Japan Racing Association Equestrian Park in Bagi Koen. Eventing Cross Country was held an hour’s drive away at Sea Forest. All stables and conveyances were air-conditioned. Cooling stations were available at both venues and consisted of tall arched tents with large containers of water chilled to ≤15 °C, cooling/misting fans, and rubberised flooring for traction safety. Training hours began at 06:00 h daily with a mandatory mid-day break between 11:00 and 15:00-16:00 h when arenas were re-opened until 22:00. Daytime temperatures ranged 28.8-36.8 °C and peak humidity remained high throughout the Games (58-97%). There were no heat-related illnesses in horses observed by clinic veterinarians who were present at all training and competition rings whenever horses were exercising. Individual horses received elective intravenous fluids (10 litre minimum) on arrival in Japan, after cross country, and/or before departure. Reported ailments included post-transport pneumonia, exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage, orthopaedic injury, laceration, impaction colic, acute piroplasmosis, and laminitis. A persistent brisk westerly wind began nightly around 17:00 h, making evening competition sessions cooler than daytime training sessions. It was concluded that safe competitions were held despite persistently elevated subtropical ambient heat and humidity conditions.
How China’s Supreme People’s Court Supports the Development of Foreign-Related Rule of Law
Authors: Finder Susan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article provides a detailed analysis of the evolution of the role of the Supreme People’s Court (spc) in the Xi Jinping era, examining functions little explored in scholarship. It explains how and why the spc supports national strategies, focusing on the development of “foreign-related rule of law” through multiple “active” functions. It explores that work in the context of strengthened Communist Party leadership of the courts and other legal institutions. The article examines the spc’s functions of “policy-making,” “law-making,” case hearing, and coordinating and cooperating with central Party and state institutions and how they are used to support the development of “foreign-related rule of law.” The discussion of those functions also illustrates the impact of strengthened Communist Party leadership. The Politburo’s 2023 collective study session on foreign-related rule of law signals that the spc’s foreign-related judicial expertise as exercised through its multiple functions is crucially important to the Party leadership. The article illustrates one aspect of the unique role of the spc as China’s highest court in its dynamic political-legal system and the way in which it supports evolving national strategies and the implementation of fundamental policies.
The Rise of Data and ai in Parliamentary Proceedings – The Norwegian Parliament, Stortinget
Authors: Wahl Tanja 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In 2019 the administration of the Norwegian Parliament designed and adopted a strategic goal for digitization: The Parliament shall exchange, process, publish and preserve parliamentary information digitally and efficiently, with good quality. One outcome of this effort was the project “StorSak”. This project aims to implement an information system which handles document production and parliamentary proceedings in a coherent digital value-chain. One of the investment areas in the StorSak project is exploring the use of machine learning (ml) and artificial intelligence (ai). The project quickly singled out metadata handling as an area of interest, and the categorization of documents and proceedings using theme wording.
Developing Integrated STEM Teacher Identity Using Guided Curation of K-12 Engineering Activities
Authors: Galanti Terrie M. , Holincheck Nancy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This qualitative study examines how guided curation develops practicing teachers’ task perception as a dimension of integrated STEM teacher identity. Task perception is defined as teachers’ beliefs about their roles and responsibilities as integrated STEM educators. Analysis of teachers’ (n = 22) guided curation assignments from a graduate STEM education course revealed how teachers perceived their roles and responsibilities as integrated STEM educators and potential challenges to integrating STEM. These beliefs included the importance of centering the engineering design process, encouraging collaborative problem solving, providing productive mistake-making opportunities, and connecting mathematics and engineering. Teacher educators’ adaptation of a freely available STEM lesson specification tool scaffolded the collection and analysis of curriculum resources. This adaptation was instrumental in developing task perception. Implications for building elementary teachers’ capacity to implement and sustain innovative integrated STEM instruction are offered.
Linking Sustainability and STEAM Education in Argentine Patagonia
Authors: Carranza Pablo , Kanobel María Cristina , Tejera Mathias , Lavicza Zsolt 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article presents design-based research to explore the potential of integrating STEAM education and the Sustainable Development Goals into a project-based learning experience to address the lack of access to water in Argentine Patagonia. The study, which was conducted at a rural school in the region of Patagonia, with 13-year-old students, focused on designing, constructing, and installing a solar-powered irrigation system. The article discusses benefits of combining project-based learning, mathematical modelling, and outdoor STEAM education to provide students with an engaging and comprehensive learning experience in STEM subjects. The authors highlight the need to restructure the school organisation to integrate interdisciplinary approaches to address real-life problems. It also emphasises the importance of contextual restrictions and how they can be used as didactic variables to motivate the use of rationality in problem-solving. Experience reports provide insights into STEAM-based education’s potential to foster students’ critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, and collaboration skills.
Examining Patterns and Predictors of ADHD Teens’ Skill-Learning Trajectories During Enhanced FOrward Concentration and Attention Learning (FOCAL+) Training
Authors: Epstein Jeffery N. , Garner Annie A. , Kiefer Adam W. , Peugh James , Tamm Leanne , Lynch James D. , MacPherson Ryan P. , Simon John O. , Fisher Donald L. 
Published: March 2024

Objective Examine patterns and predictors of skill learning during multisession Enhanced FOrward Concentration and Attention Learning (FOCAL+) training. Background FOCAL+ teaches teens to reduce the duration of off-road glances using real-time error learning. In a randomized controlled trial, teens with ADHD received five sessions of FOCAL+ training and demonstrated significant reductions in extended glances (>2-s) away from the roadway (i.e., long-glances) and a 40% reduced risk of a crash/near-crash event. Teens’ improvement in limiting long-glances as assessed after each FOCAL+ training session has not been examined. Method Licensed teen (ages 16–19) drivers with ADHD ( n = 152) were randomly assigned to five sessions of either FOCAL+ or modified standard driver training. Teens completed driving simulation assessments at baseline, after each training session, and 1 month and 6 months posttraining. Naturalistic driving was monitored for one year. Results FOCAL+ training produced a 53% maximal reduction in long-glances during postsession simulated driving. The number of sessions needed to achieve maximum performance varied across participants. However, after five FOCAL+ training sessions, number of long-glances was comparable irrespective of when teens achieved their maximum performance. The magnitude of reduction in long-glances predicted levels of long-glances during simulated driving at 1 month and 6 months posttraining but not naturalistic driving outcomes. FOCAL+ training provided the most benefit during training to teens who were younger and had less driving experience. Conclusion FOCAL+ training significantly reduces long-glances beginning at the 1st training session. Application Providing five FOCAL+ training sessions early on during teen driving may maximize benefit.
“I’d Rather Be Broke Than Harmed”: A Qualitative Analysis of the Experiences of People Engaged in Commercial Sex Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pfeffer Rebecca , Barrick Kelle , Galvan Terri , Marfori Fleur Monnet , Williams Shannon A. 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: People involved in commercial sex work during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly those compelled to sell sex, faced multiple challenges to their safety and well-being. We explored, in real time, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people involved in commercial sex work and the broader commercial sex industry. Methods: Using a participatory action research approach, we interviewed 159 English- and Spanish-speaking adults who had engaged in commercial sex work under the direction of a third party in Sacramento County, California, within the past 5 years (approximately 2017-2022). As part of a larger study, our interview protocol included 1 question about the COVID-19 pandemic: “Has COVID-19 changed anything about your experience with sex work?” We transcribed and analyzed interviews using QSR-NVivo, a qualitative coding software. Results: Participants described the effects of increased isolation, decreased demand, difficulty accessing social services, fear of contracting COVID-19, difficulty in following public health guidance on social distancing and wearing face masks, and how the pandemic resulted in some people entering or exiting commercial sex work. Most participants were familiar with recommended public health safety measures, but lack of agency and financial need limited their ability to comply with all recommendations. A lack of access to social services added stress to those most in need of emergency housing or substance use treatment and left them vulnerable to continued abuse. Conclusions: Stress and financial insecurity generally increased among people involved in commercial sex work during the pandemic, and no efforts were made to understand and mitigate the hardships that this population faced. Future research should address how to maintain social service availability during times of public health emergencies and other crises.
The impact of eating disorders on idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Wallentin Therese , Linnet Jakob , Lichtenstein Mia B , Hansen Nadja S , Korsbæk Johanne J , Høgedal Lisbeth , Hagen Snorre M , Molander Laleh D , Jensen Rigmor H , Beier Dagmar 
Published: March 2024

Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) occurs more frequently in obese females of childbearing age. A link between eating disorders and poor outcome has been suggested but remains unproven. Methods This prospective field study at two tertiary headache centers included patients with clinically suspected IIH after standardized diagnostic work-up. Eating disorders were evaluated using validated questionnaires (EDQs). Primary outcome was the impact of eating disorders on IIH severity and outcome, secondary outcome was the prevalence and type of eating disorders in IIH compared to controls. Results We screened 326 patients; 143 patients replied to the EDQs and were classified as ‘IIH’ or ‘non-IIH’ patients. The demographic profile of EDQ-respondents and non-respondents was similar. Presence of an eating disorder did not impact IIH severity (lumbar puncture opening pressure (p = 0.63), perimetric mean deviation (p = 0.18), papilledema (Frisén grad 1–3; p = 0.53)) nor IIH outcome (optic nerve atrophy (p = 0.6), impaired visual fields (p = 0.18)). Moreover, we found no differences in the prevalence and type of eating disorders when comparing IIH with non-IIH patients (p = 0.09). Conclusion Eating disorders did not affect IIH severity or outcome. We found the same prevalence and distribution pattern of eating disorders in IIH and non-IIH patients advocating against a direct link between IIH and eating disorders.
Studying Edema Formation After Release of the Infraspinatus Muscle as an Experimental Model of Rotator Cuff Lesions in Sheep: A Histological Analysis
Authors: von Rechenberg Brigitte , Gehrke Rieke S. , Klein Karina , Kronen Peter , Darwiche Salim , Zbinden Jeanni , Wieser Karl , Lädermann Alexandre 
Published: March 2024

Background: Muscle edema formation and inflammatory processes are early manifestations of acute rotator cuff lesions in sheep. Histological analysis of affected muscles revealed edema formation, inflammatory changes, and muscle tissue disruption in MRs. Hypothesis: Edema contributes to inflammatory reactions and early muscle fiber degeneration before the onset of fatty infiltration. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Osteotomy of the greater tuberosity, including the insertion of the infraspinatus tendon, was performed on 14 sheep. These experimental animal models were divided into 2 groups: a nontrauma group with surgical muscle release alone (7 sheep) and a trauma group with standardized application of additional trauma to the musculotendinous unit (7 sheep). Excisional biopsy specimens of the infraspinatus muscle were taken at 0, 3, and 4 weeks. Results: Edema formation was histologically demonstrated in both groups and peaked at 3 weeks. At 3 weeks, signs of muscle fiber degeneration were observed. At 4 weeks, ingrowth of loose alveolar and fibrotic tissue between fibers was detected. Fatty tissue was absent. The diameter of muscle fibers increased in both groups, albeit to a lesser degree in the trauma group, and practically normalized at 4 weeks. Immunohistology revealed an increase in macrophage types 1 and 2, as well as inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells. Conclusion: Early muscle edema and concomitant inflammation precede muscle fiber degeneration and fibrosis. Edema formation results from tendon release alone and is only slightly intensified by additional trauma. Clinical Relevance: This study illustrates that early edema formation and inflammation elicit muscle fiber degeneration that precedes fatty infiltration. Should this phenomenon be applicable to human traumatic rotator cuff tears, then surgery should be performed as soon as possible, ideally within the first 21 days after injury.
Wheel wear prediction for high-speed trains by considering wheel-rail elastic deformation
Authors: Miao Gengzhuo , Luo Ren , Shi Huailong 
Published: March 2024

Wheel-rail geometric parameters are crucial for determining wheel wear in high-speed trains. Under the action of a wheel-rail load, both the wheel and rail suffer elastic deformation, which affects the wheel-rail contact relationship and further influences the wheel profile and its evolution. In this study, a field test was conducted on a high-speed train operating at 250 km/h, and the worn wheel profiles and wear curves were continuously measured for one reprofiling cycle. Subsequently, a vehicle dynamics model is built using a wheel wear prediction model based on the integrated USFD wear algorithm. In this model, the finite element model of the wheel-rail contact is considered. The wheel-rail geometric parameters are obtained by determining their elastic deformation through the finite element method, which considers the effect of three parameters: the track gauge, back-to-back space of the wheelset, and rail cant. After considering the wheel-rail elastic deformation, the track gauge decreases from 1435 to 1434.5 mm, the back-to-back space varies from 1353 to 1352.3 mm, and the rail cant changes from 1:40 to approximately 1:37. Finally, the simulation and experimental results are compared, revealing that the wheel-rail elastic deformation has a significant impact on the wheel wear after the vehicle travels 150,000 km. The wear depth and wheel-rail equivalent conicity after considering the elastic deformation are closer to the measured results.
What do parents of nonverbal and minimally verbal autistic children think about genomic autism research?
Authors: Asbury Kathryn , Toseeb Umar , Barrow Naomi 
Published: March 2024

Concerns have been raised about genomic studies of autism. Most recently, the Spectrum 10 K study was paused due to criticism from the autistic community. This situation raised important questions about how the autistic and autism communities perceive genomic research. The Personal Experiences of Autism and Perceptions of DNA-based-research study was established to address this issue. Twenty parents of nonverbal or minimally verbal autistic children took part in the current study. Data were provided in diverse formats including online interviews, telephone interviews, and writing. This approach was co-produced with autistic experts by experience. Data were analysed using reflexive Thematic Analysis. We found that participants were supportive of autism research, including some genomic research, if it is designed to support autistic people and is ethical and transparent. However, while some believed that polygenic scores, genomic predictors of the statistical probability of being autistic, would be helpful, others argued that this would only be true in an ideal world. Participants felt that they and their children were often excluded from, and unrepresented by, the autistic and autism communities. We conclude that genomic researchers need to work with the autistic and autism communities to design future work, and that it is important to ensure a representative range of voices are heard. Lay abstract In Summer 2021, a genomic study of autism, Spectrum 10 K, was paused due to backlash from the autistic and autism communities. This raised important questions about how these communities perceive genomic research. The Personal Experiences of Autism and Perceptions of DNA-based research study was established to address this issue among a range of sub-groups within these communities. Twenty parents of nonverbal or minimally verbal autistic children took part in the current study. Data were provided in diverse formats including online interviews, telephone interviews, and writing. This approach was co-produced with autistic experts by experience and involved a parent of a minimally verbal autistic child. Data were analysed using reflexive Thematic Analysis. We found that participants were supportive of autism research, including some genomic research, as long as it is designed to support autistic people and is ethical and transparent. However, while some believed that polygenic scores, genomic predictors of the statistical probability of being autistic, would be helpful, others argued that this would only be true in an ideal world and that the world is too far from ideal. Participants felt excluded from the autistic and autism communities and that the dominant voices in those communities do not represent them or their children. We concluded that genomic researchers need to work with the autistic and autism communities to design future work, and that it is important to ensure a representative range of voices are heard.