bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Selective COX‐2 Inhibitor/Celecoxib and Omega‐3 Fatty Acid on Matrix Metalloproteinases, TIMP‐1, and Laminin‐5γ2‐Chain Immunolocalization in Experimental Periodontitis
Authors: Vardar‐Sengul Saynur , Buduneli Eralp , Turkoglu Oya , Buduneli Nurcan , Atilla Gül , Wahlgren Jaana , Sorsa Timo , Baylas Haluk 
Published: October 2008

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important roles in tissue‐destruction mechanisms–associated periodontitis. MMP‐8 and −13 are the predominant collagenases that are important in the extracellular matrix degradation in periodontal tissues. MMP‐14 is a membrane‐type MMP, whereas laminin‐5 indicates basal membrane modification and epithelial induction. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of celecoxib and omega‐3 fatty acid administration on the gingival tissue expression of MMP‐8, −13, and −14, tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)‐1, and laminin (Ln)‐5γ2‐chain in rat experimental periodontitis induced by Escherichia coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]).Methods: Experimental periodontitis was induced in rats by repeated LPS injection. Fifty‐one adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into six study groups: saline control, LPS, LPS + celecoxib, LPS + therapeutic omega‐3 (TO3), prophylactic omega‐3 + LPS + omega‐3 (P+TO3), and LPS + celecoxib + omega‐3 fatty acid. Celecoxib and omega‐3 fatty acid were given as a single agent or as combination therapy for 14 days. On day 15, all rats were sacrificed, and gingival tissues were analyzed immunohistochemically for the expression of MMP‐8, −13, and −14, TIMP‐1, and Ln‐5γ2‐chain. Alveolar bone loss was evaluated morphometrically under a stereomicroscope. Data were tested statistically by Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann‐Whitney tests and Spearman correlation analysis.Results: Alveolar bone loss was significantly higher in all study groups compared to the saline control group (all P <0.01). MMP‐8 expression was significantly higher in the LPS group than in the saline group (P = 0.001). Very low expression of MMP‐8 was found in the celecoxib, P+TO3, and combination groups. TO3 increased TIMP‐1 expression significantly compared to the LPS group (P <0.05). Individual celecoxib and P+TO3 administration increased MMP‐14 significantly compared to saline control and LPS groups (P <0.05). No significant differences were found among the study groups with regard to Ln‐5γ2‐chain and MMP‐13 expressions (P >0.05).Conclusions: Selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor, prophylactic omega‐3 fatty acid, and a combination of these two agents can inhibit gingival tissue MMP‐8 expression. Moreover, the individual administration of therapeutic omega‐3 may increase gingival TIMP‐1 expression in contrast to no effect on MMP‐8, −13, and −14 expressions in experimental periodontitis. These experimental findings in a rat model of LPS‐induced periodontitis need to be verified by clinical human studies.
Correlates of Periodontal Decline and Biologic Markers in Older Adults
Authors: Swoboda Jessica R. , Kiyak H. Asuman , Darveau Richard , Persson G. Rutger 
Published: October 2008

Background: There is limited information on infectious and host responses distinguishing older people with or without active periodontitis. This study measured bacterial and serum cytokine and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in older persons.Methods: Elders (mean age: 67 years), whose periodontal status had declined most or least (20% worst or 20% best) over 5 years, were enrolled. Two years later, they were classified as periodontally declining (active periodontitis [AP]), if they had at least five teeth with probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm, or stable (stable periodontally [SP]), if they did not. Groups were compared with respect to demographics, PD, clinical loss of attachment, subgingival bacteria, serum hsCRP, interleukin (IL)‐1β and −6, and chronic diseases.Results: Ten AP and 24 SP subjects were identified; 13% of women and 44% of men from the original sample were in the AP group (P <0.05). Most Asians were SP; most whites and all African Americans were classified as having AP (P <0.01). More AP elders had osteoporosis (P <0.01), but the AP and SP groups did not differ with respect to IL‐1β and −6 or hsCRP. Bacterial counts were higher in the AP group for Parvimonas micra (previously Peptostreptococcus micros or Micromonas micros) (7.7 × 105 cells versus 3.8 × 105 cells; P <0.05), Prevotella intermedia (25.7 × 105 cells versus 9.8 × 105 cells; P <0.01), Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis) (16.2 × 105 cells versus 8.0 × 105 cells; P <0.05), and Streptococcus mutans (6.2 × 105 cells versus 2.0 × 105 cells; P <0.01). Three risk factors were most predictive of periodontal decline: PD, osteoporosis, and being white or African American.Conclusion: Periodontal decline was associated with osteoporosis, ethnicity, PD, gender, serum hsCRP, and levels of four bacterial species.
A Pilot Study to Evaluate a Tissue‐Engineered Bilayered Cell Therapy as an Alternative to Tissue From the Palate
Authors: McGuire Michael K. , Scheyer E. Todd , Nunn Martha E. , Lavin Philip T. 
Published: October 2008

Background: This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of a tissue‐engineered skin product composed of viable neonatal keratinocytes and fibroblasts and compared it to a free gingival graft (FGG) in a procedure to enhance keratinized tissue (KT) and wound healing around teeth that do not require root coverage.Methods: Twenty‐five subjects were enrolled who had at least two non‐adjacent teeth in contralateral quadrants exhibiting an insufficient zone of attached gingiva requiring soft tissue grafting where root coverage was not desired. One tooth was randomized to receive an FGG, and the other was randomized to receive bilayered cell therapy (BCT). The amount of KT was measured at baseline and 3 and 6 months, and the texture and color of the grafted tissue were compared to the surrounding tissue at months 1, 3, and 6. A questionnaire was used to determine subject preference at 6 months. Biopsies and persistence studies were performed on a subset of the subjects.Results: The FGG generated statistically significantly (P <0.001) more KT than the test device (BCT) (4.5 ± 0.80 mm versus 2.4 ± 1.02 mm); no significant difference in recession or clinical attachment level was detected between treatment groups (P = 0.212 and P = 0.448, respectively); and no significant differences were detected at any time point for bleeding on probing (BOP), resistance to muscle pull, or inflammation. The BCT group had significantly better color and texture match with surrounding tissue (P <0.001), and subject preference was significantly greater for the BCT group (P = 0.041). No device‐related adverse events or safety issues occurred during the course of the study.Conclusions: The tissue‐engineered graft BCT was safe and capable of generating de novo KT without the morbidity and potential clinical difficulties associated with donor‐site surgery. The amount of KT generated with FGG was greater than generated with BCT; however, 24 of 25 test sites demonstrated an increase in KT at 6 months, with more than three‐quarters of the sites yielding ≥2 mm bands of KT.
Er,Cr:YSGG Laser‐Assisted Surgical Treatment of Peri‐Implantitis With 1‐Year Reentry and 18‐Month Follow‐Up
Authors: Azzeh Manal M. 
Published: October 2008

Background: Peri‐implantitis may occur because of biologic or mechanical factors. It can be treated by a variety of methods. In the present case report, treatment was attempted by regenerative osseous surgery associated with an erbium, chromium‐doped:yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser.Methods: A 28‐year‐old, non‐smoking male complained of gum recession around an implant in the area of upper left central incisor. After clinical examination and radiographs, it was found that there was 2 mm recession, a probing depth of 7 mm, mobility grade one, and bone mesially and distally. Regenerative osseous surgery was performed using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2,780 nm) at different settings to open the flap, remove the granulation tissues, perforate the bone, and clean the implant surface. A bone graft and a bioabsorbable membrane were used for bone regeneration. The patient was reevaluated at 3, 6, 12 (with reentry), and 18 months postoperatively.Results: At 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, there were no reported complications, with probing depths of 3 to 5 mm, <1 mm recession, no bleeding or implant mobility, and good bone formation. Slight pus discharge was present at 12 months. At 18 months postoperatively, probing depth was 2 mm, recession was <1 mm, there was no bleeding, implant mobility, or discharge, and there was better bone formation. The results were satisfactory to the patient and the clinician.Conclusion: The Er,Cr:YSGG laser enabled regenerative osseous surgery around an implant with no complications and with high patient and clinician satisaction and confidence.
Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on the Oral Microbial Flora in Women: A Case‐Control Study Including Men as Control Subjects
Authors: Fischer Carolin C. , Persson Rigmor E. , Persson G. Rutger 
Published: October 2008

Background: Changes in the levels of female sex hormones during the menstrual cycle may cause cyclic differences in subgingival bacterial colonization patterns. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle cause changes in the oral microbiota.Methods: Bacterial plaque samples were collected in 20 systemically and periodontally healthy women using no hormonal contraceptives (test group) over a period of 6 weeks. Twenty age‐matched systemically and periodontally healthy men were assigned to the control group. Samples were processed by checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization assay, and 74 species were analyzed.Results: No cyclic pattern of bacterial colonization was identified for any of the 74 species studied in women not using hormonal contraceptives. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) (Y4) was common at the beginning of menstruation (mean: 32%) and increased during the following 2 weeks (36%) in women (P <0.05). No cyclic differences in bacterial presence were found among the men (P values varied between 0.14 and 0.98). Men presented with significantly higher bacterial counts for 40 of 74 species (P <0.001), including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but not Porphyromonas gingivalis (P = 0.15) or Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis) (P = 0.42).Conclusions: During a menstruation period, cyclic variation in the subgingival microbiota of periodontally healthy women of child‐bearing age who were not using oral hormonal contraceptives could not be confirmed. Male control subjects presented with higher levels of many species but also without a cyclic pattern.
Bioinformatic Prediction of Leader Genes in Human Periodontitis
Authors: Covani Ugo , Marconcini Simone , Giacomelli Luca , Sivozhelevov Victor , Barone Antonio , Nicolini Claudio 
Published: October 2008

Background: Genes involved in different biologic processes form complex interaction networks. However, only a few have a high number of interactions with the other genes in the network. In previous bioinformatics and experimental studies concerning the T lymphocyte cell cycle, these genes were identified and termed “leader genes.” In this work, genes involved in human periodontitis were tentatively identified and ranked according to their number of interactions to obtain a preliminary, broader view of molecular mechanisms of periodontitis and plan targeted experimentation.Methods: Genes were identified with interrelated queries of several databases. The interactions among these genes were mapped and given a significance score. The weighted number of links (weighted sum of scores for every interaction in which the given gene is involved) was calculated for each gene. Genes were clustered according to this parameter. The genes in the highest cluster were termed leader genes.Results: Sixty‐one genes involved or potentially involved in periodontitis were identified. Only five were identified as leader genes, whereas 12 others were ranked in an immediately lower cluster. For 10 of 17 genes there is evidence of involvement in periodontitis; seven new genes that are potentially involved in this disease were identified. The involvement in periodontitis has been completely established for only two leader genes.Conclusions: We applied a validated bioinformatics algorithm to increase our knowledge of molecular mechanisms of periodontitis. Even with the limitations of this ab initio analysis, this theoretical study can suggest ad hoc experimentation targeted on significant genes and, therefore, simpler than mass‐scale molecular genomics. Moreover, the identification of leader genes might suggest new potential risk factors and therapeutic targets.
Bone Remodeling Biomarkers of Periodontal Disease in Saliva
Authors: Frodge Brandon D. , Ebersole Jeffrey L. , Kryscio Richard J. , Thomas Mark V. , Miller Craig S. 
Published: October 2008

Background: Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), C‐telopeptide pyridinoline cross‐links of type I collagen (ICTP), and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL) have been associated with bone remodeling and periodontal tissue destruction. This study evaluated the level of these biomarkers in saliva with respect to periodontal disease status.Methods: Levels of TNF‐α in unstimulated whole saliva of 74 adults (35 subjects with moderate to severe periodontal disease and 39 healthy controls) and salivary levels of RANKL and ICTP of a subset of 21 subjects and 21 matched controls were examined using enzyme immunosorbent assays in a case‐control clinical study.Results: Salivary levels of TNF‐α were detected in all subjects, whereas levels of ICTP and RANKL were detected in only a minority of subjects. Mean salivary levels of TNF‐α were significantly higher in individuals with periodontal disease (mean: 4.33 pg/ml) than in controls (mean: 2.03 pg/ml; P = 0.02), with a maximum level (27.96 pg/ml) observed in periodontitis. Subjects with salivary TNF‐α levels above a threshold of 5.75 pg/ml (i.e., two standard deviations above the mean of the controls) had significantly more sites with bleeding on probing, probing depths ≥4 mm, and attachment loss ≥2 mm (P ≤0.01).Conclusion: Salivary levels of TNF‐α were elevated in patients who had clinical indicators of periodontitis, suggesting that this biomarker may serve in a panel of salivary biomarkers that could facilitate the screening, diagnosis, and management of periodontal disease.
Effects of Ultrasound on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Cementoblast Lineage Cells
Authors: Inubushi T. , Tanaka E. , Rego E.B. , Kitagawa M. , Kawazoe A. , Ohta A. , Okada H. , Koolstra J.H. , Miyauchi M. , Takata T. , Tanne K. 
Published: October 2008

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulation on the proliferation and differentiation of cementoblast lineage cells.Methods: An immortalized human periodontal ligament cell line (HPL) showing immature cementoblastic differentiation was used. Cultured HPL cells were subjected to LIPUS exposure (frequency = 1 MHz; pulsed 1:4; intensity = 30 mW/cm2) or sham exposure for 15 minutes per day. Expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen (Col‐I), runt‐related gene 2 (Runx2), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN) mRNA were analyzed with real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Furthermore, ALP activity, collagen synthesis, and protein level of Runx2 were examined after 6 days of LIPUS exposure.Results: mRNA and protein levels of ALP, Col‐I, and Runx2 were significantly increased by LIPUS exposure compared to controls, whereas BSP, OCN, and OPN mRNA expression could not be detected in HPL cells, irrespective of LIPUS exposure.Conclusion: LIPUS enhanced ALP activity, collagen synthesis, and Runx2 expression of HPL cells, which provides important insight into the promotion of early cementoblastic differentiation of immature cementoblasts.
Speech Pattern Improvement Following Gingivectomy of Excess Palatal Tissue
Authors: Holtzclaw Dan , Toscano Nicholas 
Published: October 2008

Background: Speech disruption secondary to excessive gingival tissue has received scant attention in periodontal literature. Although a few articles have addressed the causes of this condition, documentation and scientific explanation of treatment outcomes are virtually non‐existent. This case report describes speech pattern improvements secondary to periodontal surgery and provides a concise review of linguistic and phonetic literature pertinent to the case.Methods: A 21‐year‐old white female with a history of gingival abscesses secondary to excessive palatal tissue presented for treatment. Bilateral gingivectomies of palatal tissues were performed with inverse bevel incisions extending distally from teeth #5 and #12 to the maxillary tuberosities, and large wedges of epithelium/connective tissue were excised.Results: Within the first month of the surgery, the patient noted “changes in the manner in which her tongue contacted the roof of her mouth” and “changes in her speech.” Further anecdotal investigation revealed the patient's enunciation of sounds such as “s,” “sh,” and “k” was greatly improved following the gingivectomy procedure.Conclusions: Palatometric research clearly demonstrates that the tongue has intimate contact with the lateral aspects of the posterior palate during speech. Gingival excess in this and other palatal locations has the potential to alter linguopalatal contact patterns and disrupt normal speech patterns. Surgical correction of this condition via excisional procedures may improve linguopalatal contact patterns which, in turn, may lead to improved patient speech.
Detection of Periodontal Pathogens in Oral Mucous Membranes of Edentulous Individuals
Authors: Cortelli José Roberto , Aquino Davi Romeiro , Cortelli Sheila Cavalca , Nobre Franco Gilson César , Fernandes Camila Borges , Roman‐Torres Caio Vinícius Gonçalves , Costa Fernando Oliveira 
Published: October 2008

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the colonization of Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Prevotella intermedia, and Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis) in the tongue and cheek of newborns and elderly individuals with no teeth.Methods: Seventy‐four edentulous subjects were included in this cross‐sectional study. Microbiologic samples were taken from the dorsum of the tongue and cheek mucosa of all individuals and analyzed using a bacterial DNA‐specific polymerase chain reaction.Results: C. rectus was the most prevalent species in both groups (20.9% in the cheek of newborns, and 77.4% in the tongue of elderly subjects). P. gingivalis and P. intermedia were not detected in any of the 43 newborns; however, P. gingivalis was recovered from the tongue and cheek (3.2%) of elderly individuals, whereas P. intermedia was detected in the tongue (9.6%) and cheek (3.2%) of elderly individuals. T. forsythia was detected in newborns as well as elderly individuals, although the highest prevalence was observed in the tongue of newborns (6.9%) and elderly (9.6%) individuals. A. actinomycetemcomitans was not found in the tongue of newborns, but we observed A. actinomycetemcomitans in the cheek (2.3%) of newborns and in the tongue (12.9%) and cheek (6.4%) of elderly patients.Conclusions: Although we did not detect P. gingivalis and P. intermedia in newborns, periodontal pathogens could be detected from the oral mucous membranes of edentulous individuals. Our results suggest that major attention should be paid to edentulous individuals as an important measure in the prevention of the initial colonization of natural teeth and dental implants by periodontal pathogens.
Removal Torque and Histomorphometric Evaluation of Bioceramic Grit‐Blasted/Acid‐Etched and Dual Acid‐Etched Implant Surfaces: An Experimental Study in Dogs
Authors: Marin Charles , Granato Rodrigo , Suzuki Marcelo , Gil Jose N. , Piattelli Adriano , Coelho Paulo G. 
Published: October 2008

Background: Surface modifications to dental implants have been used in an attempt to accelerate the osseointegration process. The objective of this study was to biomechanically/histomorphometrically evaluate a bioceramic grit‐blasted and acid‐etched surface (BGB/AA; test) versus a dual acid‐etched implant surface (control) in a beagle dog model.Methods: Control and BGB/AA implants were subjected to a series of physicochemical characterization tools, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and auger photoelectron spectroscopy (APS). The animal model included the placement of 72 implants along the proximal tibiae of six beagle dogs, which remained in place for 2 or 4 weeks. After euthanization, half of the specimens were biomechanically tested (removal torque), and the other half was non‐decalcified processed to slides of ∼30 μm thickness for histomorphologic and histomorphometric (percentage of bone‐to‐implant contact [%BIC]) evaluation. Analysis of variance at the 95% confidence level and the Tukey post hoc test were used for multiple comparisons.Results: SEM and AFM showed that surface microtextures were qualitatively and quantitatively different and that the BGB/AA surface presented higher submicrometer average roughness values (Ra) and root mean square (RMS) values compared to control surfaces. Ca and P were detected at the BGB/AA surface by APS. Higher degrees of bone organization were observed along the perimeter of the BGB/AA surface compared to control, despite the non‐significant differences in %BIC between the surfaces (P >0.25). Significantly higher removal torque was observed for the BGB/AA implants at both time periods (P <0.0001).Conclusion: According to the biomechanical and histomorphologic results, early biomechanical fixation was positively affected by the BGB/AA surface compared to the dual‐acid etched surface.
Effect of Different Laser Devices on the Composition and Microhardness of Dentin
Authors: Çelik E. U. , Ergücü Z. , Türkün L. S. , Türkün M. 
Published: October 2008

Clinical Relevance
Both Er:YAG and Er, Cr:YSGG laser systems similarly affected the composition and microhard-ness of dentin.
Shear Bond Strength of Provisional Restoration Materials Repaired with Light-cured Resins
Authors: Chen H-L. , Lai Y-L. , Chou I-C. , Hu C-J. , Lee S-Y. 
Published: October 2008

Clinical Relevance
Specific repair resins should be chosen for certain provisional materials, since optimal bond strength can be achieved only when the repair resin has similar chemical components to those of the resin matrix (either methacrylate or bis-acryl) for the provisional restoration.
Marginal Integrity of Partial Ceramic Crowns Within Dentin With Different Luting Techniques and Materials
Authors: Schenke F. , Hiller K-A. , Schmalz G. , Federlin M. 
Published: October 2008

Clinical Relevance
Resin coating improves the marginal seal of partial ceramic crowns to dentin compared to conventional luting, especially at the dentin/composite interface. However, the self-adhesive material RelyX Unicem shows significantly better marginal integrity than the other materials tested.
The Effect of Different Restoration Techniques on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically-treated Molars
Authors: Cobankara F. K. , Unlu N. , Cetin A. R. , Ozkan H. B. 
Published: October 2008

Clinical Relevance
To restore endodontically-treated molars, the use of indirect hybrid inlay restorations may be recommended due to their more favorable fracture failure modes compared with amalgam, resin composite and fiber-reinforced resin composite restoration techniques and their greater fracture resistance compared with amalgam restorations.