bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of the Chemical Additives in Polystyrene on the Features of Flocculants Obtained During Sulphonation of the Polystyrene
Authors: Sułkowski Wiesłw W. , Wolińska Agnieszka , Pentak Danuta , Maślanka Sławomir , Sułkowska Anna 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSumary: One of the ways of polymer waste management is its chemical modification. Waste polystyrene foam (EPS) and virgin polystyrene (VPS) as reference material were converted into polymeric flocculants by chemical reactions. One of the most popular and widely used procedures to follow the flocculation kinetics is the monitoring of the turbidity as a function of the polyelectrolyte dosage. The application of the obtained products caused a significant decrease of turbidity of the studied solutions. The products were successfully used as flocculants in the treatment of waste water. A colloid system composed of ferrum(III) hydroxide formed the discharge model.
Study of Conductivity of dEPDM Rubber and PAni Blends
Authors: Alvares Daniela A. , Moreira José C. , Soares Demétrio A. W. , Machado Wagner S. , Scuracchio Carlos H. , Onmori Roberto K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBlending is a promising approach, in the conducting polymer field, for taking advantage of the good mechanical properties and processability of conventional polymers and of the electroative properties of such conjugated polymers. The challenge of producing blends with conducting polymers has been studied by many researchers in the last years. Several approaches have been used to prepare these blends such as, eletrochemical deposition, in situ chemical polymerization, powder dispersion, melt blending and solution blending. Among the conducting polymers, blends with polyanilines have obtained the greatest technological importance due to the remarkable properties of such conductive polymer namely, easy of synthesis and doping, environmental stability, solubility and processability. In this work, blends of polyaniline (PAni) doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) and ethylene‐propylene‐diene‐monomer rubber devulcanizated (dEPDM) by microwave were prepared by mechanical process. This EPDM used is a recycled material originating from car spare industry. Flexible, free‐standing and stretchable films were obtained, which were characterized by electrical conductivity measurements. As expected, the blend conductivity gets higher with increasing contents of conducting polymer. The onset of the conductivity at low contents of conducting polymer indicates a low percolation threshold for the blends. The rubbery and conductive properties of these blends are great to produce devices like touch pad, weight and pressure measurer, etc.
Sulphur Hexafluoride Plasma Treatment to Enhance the Hydrophobicity of CVD Carbon Coatings Produced on Cornstarch Plasticized Films
Authors: Simão Renata A. , da Silva Monica L.V.J. , Martins Moema , Thiré Rossana M.S.M. , Andrade Cristina T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this work, a new coating strategy was successfully developed and promising results indicate a significant reduction of the water sensibility of cornstarch films coated by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). Amorphous carbon coatings (a‐C:H) produced from methane (CH4) were submitted to different sulphur hexafluoride plasma treatments. The best results were obtained for cornstarch films coated with a 50 nm‐thick CH4 plasma coating and treated with SF6 for 60 s. This surface modification led to a significant increase in the surface hydrophobicity, with measured contact angle of 85°. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to evaluate local surface modifications upon the a‐C:H coating and after the SF6 plasma treatment. Results indicate that the cornstarch films were homogeneously coated using CH4. SF6 treatment led to a plasma etching of the surface, changing completely the observed morphology. Fluorine was incorporated to the surface.
Henequen/Unsaturated Polyester Biocomposites: Electron Beam Irradiation Treatment and Alkali Treatment Effects on the Henequen Fiber
Authors: Han Young Hee , Han Seong Ok , Cho Donghwan , Kim Hyung‐Il 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHenequen natural fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester biocomposites were fabricated and characterized. Henequen fibers were treated with various electron beam irradiation (EBI) dose or different concentrations of alkali solution. The effects of EBI or alkali treatments on the both henequen fiber and the properties of biocomposites made of unsaturated polyester and henequen fiber were compared by Fourier transform infrared spectra, thermal gravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis. Characteristics of the henequen fiber surface showed differently depending on the treatments and there is a close relationship between the optimal surface treatment of henequen fiber and the highest performance of the biocomposite resulting from the good adhesion between fiber and matrix.
Encapsulation of Platelets by Physical and Chemical Approaches
Authors: Voorn D. J. , Ming W. , van Herk A. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Eindhoven group on emulsion polymerization has contributed to the field of encapsulation of many types of particles like pigments, fillers and clay particles, preparation of hollow multicompartment particles and encapsulation of nanotubes with latex particles. All these developments are very relevant for the next generation of coatings in which, more than in the past, improved properties are related to nanostructuring of the components in the coatings. Recently, interest has grown for the encapsulation of natural layered silicates, better known as clay platelets, and the formation of subsequent polymer‐clay nanocomposites. In this paper we summarize our recent successful attempts to encapsulate platelet particles by a physical approach (controlled heterocoagulation of gibbsite and polymer latex particles, followed by thermal annealing of the polymer) and a chemical approach (starved‐feed, surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization in the presence of covalently modified clays).
Lateral force and centroid location caused by horizontal and vertical surcharge strip loads on a cross‐anisotropic backfill
Authors: Wang Cheng‐Der 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis work presents analytical solutions for determining lateral force (force per unit length) and centroid location caused by horizontal and vertical surcharge surface loads acting on a cross‐anisotropic backfill. The surcharge loading types are point load, line load, uniform strip load, upward linear‐varying strip load, upward nonlinear‐varying strip load, downward linear‐varying strip load, and downward nonlinear‐varying strip load. The planes of cross‐anisotropy are assumed parallel to the backfill ground surface. The proposed solutions, derived by integrating the lateral stress solutions (Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech. 2005; 29:1341–1361), do not exist in literature. Clearly, the type and degree of material anisotropy,
loading distance from the retaining wall, and loading types markedly impact the proposed solutions. Two examples are utilized to illustrate the type and degree of soil anisotropy, and the loading types on the lateral force and centroid location in the isotropic/cross‐anisotropic backfills generated by the horizontal and vertical uniform, upward linear‐varying and upward nonlinear‐varying strip loads. The parametric study results demonstrate that the lateral force and centroid location accounting for soil anisotropy, loading distance from the retaining wall, dimension of the loading strip, and loading directions and types differ significantly from those estimated using existing isotropic solutions. The derived solutions can be added to other lateral pressures, such as earth pressure or water pressure, required for stability and structural analysis of a retaining wall. Additionally, they can simulate realistically actual surcharge loading problems in geotechnical engineering when backfill materials are cross‐anisotropic. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Whole cell profiling and identification of galectin‐1 as a potential marker of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Dihazi Hassan , Müller Claudia , Asif Abdul R. , Flad Thomas , Elmaouhoub Abderrahim , Müller Gerhard A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor most cancers, the patient's prognosis improves dramatically if the disease is detected at an early stage. Although advancements in imaging technology have improved early detection, many cancers remain undetected until it is too late for curative intervention. We have established, for the first time, expression difference mapping analysis of whole cell proteins from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines using ProteinChip technology. A total of 20 different RCC cell lines were cultured in vitro directly on ProteinChip arrays for 24 h. Direct MS analysis of proteins from the attached cells showed identical protein profiles by all analysed RCC lines. Comparative on‐chip analysis of isolated malignant cells from native tumour specimens revealed protein patterns highly similar to those from the continuous RCC lines. However, cultured primary cortex cells showed specific protein differences. Differential protein profiling of isolated cytosolic and enriched membrane fractions from the RCC lines revealed that the protein pattern of the membrane proteins included or were identical to those of the entire cells. Proteomics analysis of the chip‐binding membrane fractions allowed the identification of three forms of galectin‐1 as potential RCC marker. ProteinChip analysis with a bound‐specific antibody certified that galectin‐1 could be an RCC marker. Immunostaining methods confirmed the overexpression of galectin‐1 in renal carcinoma in comparison to healthy tissue.
Altered proteins of the anterior cingulate cortex white matter proteome in schizophrenia
Authors: Clark Danielle , Dedova Irina , Cordwell Stuart , Matsumoto Izuru 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlterations in the circuitry between and within different brain regions including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is implicated in the neuropathology of schizophrenia. The involvement of white matter in schizophrenia is becoming increasingly apparent with reports of structural, morphological and genetic alterations occurring in the disease. The 2‐DE was employed to reveal significantly altered proteins within the ACC white matter proteome in a schizophrenia cohort (n = 10) relative to controls (n= 10). From the 423 matched spots between the two groups, the levels of 32 protein spots were altered in the schizophrenia ACC white matter. Of these, 30 spots were identified using MS. The majority of the altered proteins in schizophrenia function in metabolism, the cytoskeleton, and the synapse. These proteomic data suggest that the brain circuitry involving the ACC white matter tracts is altered in schizophrenia, possibly caused by depleted glucose metabolism and altered structural components of this region.
Optical spin orientation in (110) GaAs quantum wells at room temperature
Authors: Lombez L. , Lagarde D. , Renucci P. , Amand T. , Marie X. , Liu B. L. , Wang W. X. , Xue Q. K. , Chen D. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe used time‐resolved optical orientation experiments to study the spin dynamics in (110) oriented GaAs/Al0.4GaAs quantum wells at room temperature. We observe a clear dependence of the initial spin polarisation P(0) and of the polarisation decay time τs as a function of the excitation wavelength and power. As high values as P(0) ∼ 80% and τs ∼ 1.6 ns have been observed when exciting quasi‐resonantly with the heavy‐hole transition. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Die neue Berliner Brücke in Halle – Erste deutsche Schrägseilbrücke in Verbundbauweise
Authors: Brixner Stefan , Mündecke Michael , Gunkel Frank 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDie neue Berliner Brücke im Zentrum der Händel ‐Stadt Halle an der Saale ist eine Schrägseilbrücke mit A‐Pylon und mit einem Versteifungsträger in Verbundbauweise. Der Versteifungsträger mit dem Fahrbahndeck ist im Grundriß gekrümmt, der Pylon steht schräg zur Brückenachse. Die Verkehrsbelastung besteht aus Individualstraßen‐ und Straßenbahnverkehr, außerdem ist Schwerverkehr zu berücksichtigen. Die Brücke überführt die Berliner Straße über eine vielgleisige Anlage der Deutschen Bahn AG nördlich des Hauptbahnhofes, die teilweise elektrifiziert ist. Trotz der schwierigen Randbedingungen für den Entwurf der Brücke konnte eine Reihe von Innovationen, bei gleichzeitiger Optimierung der Bau‐ und Unterhaltungskosten und einem dem Standort und städtebaulichen Anspruch gerecht werdenden Design, umgesetzt werden.
3D‐Tragwerkssimulationen zur Erfassung der aerodynamischen Beanspruchungen bei der Planung von Brückenstrukturen
Authors: Eusani Renato , Zahlten Wolfhard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDurch den Einsatz innovativer Materialien ist ein Trend hin zu immer leichteren und schlankeren Konstruktionen zu beobachten. Insbesondere bei Schrägseil‐ und Hängebrücken, jedoch auch bei Balkenbrücken wurden verstärkt Schwingungsanfälligkeiten beobachtet. Als Ursache für die Anregung von Schwingungen treten außer personen‐ bzw. verkehrsinduzierten Schwingungen vorwiegend windinduzierte Schwingungen auf. Außer lokalen Schwingungen von Seilen ist das Schwingungsverhalten des Überbaus von besonderem Interesse. Im Rahmen dieses Aufsatzes wird ein Überblick über die zur Zeit in der Praxis verwendeten Untersuchungsansätze gegeben. Dazu werden Lastmodelle auf Basis einer zweidimensionalen Betrachtung der Querschnittsumströmung und deren numerische Umsetzung in 3D‐Tragwerkssimulationen präsentiert. Die versuchstechnische Ermittlung der stationären und instationären Querschnittsparameter wird kurz vorgestellt. Anhand von vier ausgewählten Beispielen wird die praktische Anwendung innerhalb der Entwurfs‐ und Ausführungsplanung exemplarisch erläutert.
Solvent effects on the products of soybean oil extraction
Authors: Beckel A. C. , Belter P. A. , Smith A. K. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryEthanol, isopropanol, isobutanol, ethylene dichloride, trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, and hexane (b.p. range 30° to 60°C.) were used as solvents for the extraction of soybean oil and the comparative effect of the solvent on the color and other properties of the oil, meal, and isolated protein was measured. Ethanol extraction gave the best results with respect to the color of oil, meal, and protein, and it also served as a debittering agent for the soybean meal.
Studies on olive oil standardization
Authors: Kaloyereas Socrates A. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryExperiments were conducted in the Research Experiment Station for Agricultural Technology, Athens, Greece, to study the effect of climatic conditions, state of maturity, infection by olive fly, and the effect of various fertilizers upon the quality of olive oil.Olive oil produced in localities where the temperature is low during the maturity period has more unsaturated fatty acids than oil produced in localities with higher temperatures. With the advance of maturity the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids increased. Infection by olive fly had no appreciable effect upon the relative proportion of saturated fatty acids.For studying of the effect of fertilizers the injection method was used. Nitrogen fertilizers injected into the branches gave considerable increase in the volume of fruit, its protein content, and the total amount of oil produced per acre.
Cellular ultrastructure of jojoba seed
Authors: Muller L. L. , Hensarling T. P. , Jacks T. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractJojoba seed, examined with an electron microscope, appeared ultrastructurally similar to other oilseeds, even though liquid wax, rather than triglyceride, comprises the reserve lipid of the seed. This observation indicates that liquid wax and triglyceride are stored in the same manner‐in spherosomes‐within seeds.
Potential synthetic lubricants: Diol ester of C18‐saturated cyclic acids
Authors: Friedrich J. P. , Gast L. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonoalkyl esters of linseed‐oil‐derived C18‐saturated cyclic acids (HCal), described in earlier work, showed promise as lubricant base stocks for turbine aircraft as set forth in the military specification MIL‐L‐7808E. These esters, however, did not exhibit the increased oxidative stability and higher viscosity required by the more recent specification MIL‐L‐23699.Six diol esters of HCal have now been prepared. Both hindered and unhindered dihydric alcohols were used, including ethylene glycol, 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4‐benzenedimethanol, 2,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediol and 2,2,4,4‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐cyclobutanediol (I). The viscosities of these esters at 210F ranged from 10.1 to 19.6 centistokes and the pour points, from ‐35 to ‐62F. Oxidative stabilities at 400F were determined with 0.5% each of phenyl‐a‐napthylamine (PANA) andp,p'‐dioctyldiphenylamine as inhibitors. The esters of the unhindered diols had poor stability, whereas esters of the hindered diols, in particular I, exhibited excellent resistance to the formation of acidic decomposition products and sludge. Although the HCal ester of I by itself is too viscous to meet specification MIL‐L‐23699, its ASTM slope (0.650) is excellent. Blends of this material with less viscous hindered esters, commercially available, may find application as lubricants for high‐performance turbine engines used in various aircraft.
Agricultural research service, meat inspection division chemical requirements as they apply to the fat and oil industry
Authors: Bennett O. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper cites portions of the Meat Inspection Act giving authority for the control of chemicals in meat and meat food products. It defines the extent of coverage, procedures for determining compilance, criteria used in evaluating safety or suitability of chemicals used in the treatment of fats, fat derivatives or other meat food products. It identifies certain requirements covering the use of detergents, paints, adhesives, packaging materials and other miscellaneous substances used in the packing plant. It mentions the system of checking employed by field laboratories and in‐plant inspectors. It notes the contact points with representatives of the Division and lists the publication containing pertinent regulations.
Preparation of malonaldehyde acetals by ozonolysis of polyunsaturated fatty esters
Authors: Fitton P. , Pryde E. H. , Cowan J. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMalonaldehyde acetals were prepared in more than a 70% yield by ozonolysis of the methyl esters of linseed oil, safflower oil and linoleic acid, and by ozonolysis of linseed oil alone. Malonaldehyde tetramethyl acetal could not be separated readily from caproaldehyde dimethyl acetal by fractional distillation. However, conversion of the methyl acetals to propylene glycol acetals resulted in sufficient spread in boiling points for their effective separation by distillation.
Gas‐liquid chromatographic separation of ethylene oxide adducts of fatty alcohols via their acetate esters
Authors: Gildenberg L. , Trowbridge J. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGas‐liquid chromatography (GLC) of ethylene oxide adducts of fatty alcohols is carried out after conversion of the alcohols to aetate esters. This conversion permits detection of higher mol wt compounds. Separate peaks for adducts with up to 13 units of ethylene oxide are obtained for a product derived from dodecyl alcohol. The procedure is used to follow the course of a molecular distillation of an adduct prepared from hexadecyl alcohol and an example is also shown for an adduct derived from a mixture of dodecyl and tetradecyl alcohols.
Effect of irrigation on jojoba production under arid chaco conditions: II—Seed yields and wax quality
Authors: Ayerza (h) Ricardo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the phytogeographic region of the Arid Chaco, in Las Oscuras, Province of Cordoba, Argentina, the production of jojoba seed under four levels of irrigation was evaluated during two years. The plants used were established by direct sowing with seeds from the Tucson Mountains, outside Tucson, Arizona, four years before the test started. The plants were not irrigated until the test began. The treatments were: T1=0; T2=300; T3=600; and T4=900 mm/ha/year, in twelve equal irrigations, applied every 30 d. The experimental design used was randomized complete blocks with two replications (30 plants in each replication). Each of the variables was compared by analysis of variance, and means were subjected to Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. For the conditions of this test, the results obtained suggest that: (i) seed production of jojoba plants increased significantly with high levels of water applied monthly (treatments T3=600 mm and T4=900 mm); (ii) The most efficient irrigation treatment was T3; (iii) Jojoba plants respond to high levels of irrigation (T4=900 mm) and produce the heaviest seeds under these conditions; (iv) an increase in water does not produce significant differences in fatty acid content, but it may change from year to year; and (v) increased jojoba yields can be achieved on dry‐farm plantations by applying irrigation.
Distinction between enzymically and chemically catalyzed interesterification
Authors: Roy S. Sil , Bhattacharyya D. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe 1,3‐specific lipase‐catalyzed interesterified fats were distinguished from chemically catalyzed products by the fatty acids in the 2‐position. The fatty acid contents in the 2‐position of the 1,3‐lipase‐catalyzed and the original triglycerides were similar but different from that of chemically interesterified fat. Also, the saturated‐to‐unsaturated fatty acid ratio in the 2‐monoglycerides was lower for the 1,3‐specific lipase‐catalyzed interesterified fats than for the corresponding chemical products.
Dose‐Dependent Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Blood Lipids in Statin‐Treated Hyperlipidaemic Subjects
Authors: Meyer Barbara J. , Hammervold Tone , Rustan Arild Chr. , Howe Peter R. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe objective of the study was to evaluate potential benefits of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) rich fish oil supplementation as an adjunct to statin therapy for hyperlipidaemia. A total of 45 hyperlipidaemic patients on stable statin therapy with persistent elevation of plasma triglycerides (averaging 2.2 mmol/L) were randomised to take 4 g/day (n = 15) or 8 g/day (n = 15) of tuna oil or olive oil (placebo, n = 15) for 6 months. Plasma lipids, blood pressure and arterial compliance were assessed initially and after 3 and 6 months in 40 subjects who completed the trial. Plasma triglycerides were reduced 27% by 8 g/day DHA‐rich fish oil (P < 0.05) but not by 4 g/day when compared with the placebo and this reduction was achieved by 3 months and was sustained at 6 months. Even though total cholesterol was already well controlled by the statin treatment (mean initial level 4.5 mmol/L), there was a further dose‐dependent reduction with fish oil supplementation (r = −0.344, P < 0.05). The extent of total cholesterol reduction correlated (r = −0.44) with the initial total cholesterol levels (P < 0.005). In the subset with initial plasma cholesterol above 3.8 mmol/L, plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate‐density lipoprotein (IDL) and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) were isolated and assayed for cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB) at the commencement of the trial and at 3 months of intervention. Fish oil tended to lower cholesterol and apoB in VLDL and raise both in LDL. There were no changes in IDL cholesterol, IDL apoB and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. The results demonstrate that DHA‐rich fish oil supplementation (2.16 g DHA/day) can improve plasma lipids in a dose‐dependent manner in patients taking statins and these changes were achieved by 3 months. Fish oil in addition to statin therapy may be preferable to drug combinations for the treatment of combined hyperlipidaemia.