bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of enantioselective extractants for chiral separation of amines and aminoalcohols
Authors: Steensma Maartje , Kuipers Norbert J.M. , De Haan André B. , Kwant Gerard 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe major obstacle for the introduction of fractional reactive extraction as a chiral separation method in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries is the lack of versatile enantioselective extractants. Therefore, a rational approach is developed to transfer the extensive knowledge of chiral selectors reported in the literature on chiral recognition and other chiral separation techniques to extraction. Based on a similarity in separation mechanisms, it was expected that chiral selectors originating from a technique in which chiral recognition takes place in the liquid phase are most likely to function as enantioselective extractant. Using this approach, a selection of promising extractants was made from the literature and experimentally evaluated for the enantioseparation of aminoalcohols and amines. As a result, four enantioselective extractant systems, namely, dibutyl‐L‐tartrate with boric acid, N‐(2‐hydroxydodecyl)‐L‐hydroxyproline Cu(II) complex, N‐dodecyl‐L‐hydroxyproline Cu(II) complex, and azophenolic crown ether, have been identified. The azophenolic crown ether system performed the best and demonstrated an enantioselectivity between 1.3–5.0 for five out of six test compounds. Identification of the enantioselective extractant systems was highly facilitated by the developed rational transfer approach that, although partially qualitative, appeared capable of reducing more than 50 encountered candidates to only three promising systems for further experimental evaluation. Therefore, it is expected that this approach can be successfully applied to identify enantioselective extractants for other classes of enantiomers as well. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decitabine improves patient outcomes in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop , Issa Jean‐Pierre J. , Rosenfeld Craig S. , Bennett John M. , Albitar Maher , DiPersio John , Klimek Virginia , Slack James , de Castro Carlos , Ravandi Farhad , Helmer Richard , Shen Lanlan , Nimer Stephen D. , Leavitt Richard , Raza Azra , Saba Hussain 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDAberrant DNA methylation, which results in leukemogenesis, is frequent in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and is a potential target for pharmacologic therapy. Decitabine indirectly depletes methylcytosine and causes hypomethylation of target gene promoters.METHODSA total of 170 patients with MDS were randomized to receive either decitabine at a dose of 15 mg/m2 given intravenously over 3 hours every 8 hours for 3 days (at a dose of 135 mg/m2 per course) and repeated every 6 weeks, or best supportive care. Response was assessed using the International Working Group criteria and required that response criteria be met for at least 8 weeks.RESULTSPatients who were treated with decitabine achieved a significantly higher overall response rate (17%), including 9% complete responses, compared with supportive care (0%) (P < .001). An additional 12 patients who were treated with decitabine (13%) achieved hematologic improvement. Responses were durable (median, 10.3 mos) and were associated with transfusion independence. Patients treated with decitabine had a trend toward a longer median time to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) progression or death compared with patients who received supportive care alone (all patients, 12.1 mos vs. 7.8 mos [P = 0.16]; those with International Prognostic Scoring System intermediate‐2/high‐risk disease, 12.0 mos vs. 6.8 mos [P = 0.03]; those with de novo disease, 12.6 mos vs. 9.4 mos [P = 0.04]; and treatment‐naive patients, 12.3 mos vs. 7.3 mos [P = 0.08]).CONCLUSIONSDecitabine was found to be clinically effective in the treatment of patients with MDS, provided durable responses, and improved time to AML transformation or death. The duration of decitabine therapy may improve these results further. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Superiority of prolonged low‐dose azanucleoside administration?
Authors: Rüter Björn , Wijermans Pierre W. , Lübbert Michael 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe optimal treatment duration with decitabine (DAC) in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) remains a matter of debate. Although at least 2 consolidating courses after best response usually are performed, the response to treatment after disease recurrence has not been systematically studied to date.METHODSIn the current study, the authors report on 22 of 108 patients with MDS (20%) treated with low‐dose DAC in 3 Phase II trials who received DAC as retreatment at the time of disease recurrence.RESULTSAccording to the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) at the time of initial treatment, 5 of 22 patients (23%) had a score of intermediate‐1 (Int‐1), 4 patients (18%) had a score of Int‐2, and 13 patients (59%) were scored as high‐risk. Patients initially received a median of 6 courses of DAC (range, 2 courses‐6 courses), which resulted in a complete remission (complete response [CR]) in 12 of the 22 patients (55%). Retreatment with DAC at the time of disease recurrence was initiated at a median of 11 months (range, 3 mos‐27 mos) after the last course of initial treatment. With regard to DAC retreatment, patients received a median of 3 courses (range, 1 courses‐6 courses), with 10 of 22 patients (45%) responding (1 with a CR and 2 with partial remissions [partial response (PR)]; all 3 patients achieved a CR at the time of initial treatment) and 7 patients demonstrating a hematologic improvement (HI) (at the time of initial treatment there were 2 CRs, 4 PRs, and 1 HI). Twelve of the 22 patients (55%) did not demonstrate any objective responses to retreatment, including 4 patients with primary resistance to the first course of retreatment. The median survival of all patients from the initiation of the first DAC course was 27.5 months (range, 15 mos‐50+ mos). The median survival of 43 patients who also had achieved a response to the initial treatment with DAC but who received best supportive care (n = 33 patients) or induction chemotherapy (n = 10 patients) was 18 months (range, 5 mos‐72 mos). Second responders to DAC retreatment were found less frequently in the IPSS high‐risk group compared with nonresponders (40% vs. 83%). Age, French–American–British classification subtype, serum lactate dehydrogenase level at retreatment, and previous response to DAC were not found to strongly differ between the groups; however, the subgroups were too small to perform a statistical analysis.CONCLUSIONSRetreatment with DAC was found to result in objective responses in 45% of previously DAC‐responsive patients. However, the quality and duration of the second disease remissions were found to be inferior. Therefore, DAC‐responsive patients might derive more clinical benefit from continuation of the initial treatment. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Vancomycin tolerance, a potential mechanism for refractory gram‐positive bacteremia observational study in patients with cancer
Authors: Safdar Amar , Rolston Kenneth V. I. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe clinical significance of infections caused by vancomycin‐tolerant (Vt) Gram‐positive organisms in patients with cancer remains unclear.METHODSTwenty‐five patients with nonenterococcal Gram‐positive bloodstream infection, which was refractory to vancomycin therapy, were identified by reviewing the Infectious Diseases consultation database at the tertiary care cancer center. Among these, 8 patients in whom vancomycin‐tolerance was documented are described. Antibiotic tolerance was defined as a >32 times increase in minimum bactericidal concentration compared with minimum inhibitory concentration.RESULTSEight patients with persistent fever and bacteremia of >72 hours' duration after the initiation of vancomycin therapy were treated. The median age of these patients, which included 3 men and 5 women, was 44 years ± 11 years. Solid tumors were more common (6 patients) and 2 patients had acute leukemia. Six patients (75%) were neutropenic (absolute neutrophil count <500/mm3), including 2 breast cancer patients who had undergone autologous stem cell transplantation. The causative organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3 patients), group G streptococci (n = 2 patients), and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus sanguis (1 patient each). All isolates demonstrated a minimum bactericidal concentration for vancomycin that was at least 32 times greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration. Rapid defervescence (≤24 h) and resolution of bacteremia occurred with the addition of gentamicin (4 patients) or gentamicin plus rifampin (4 patients). None of these infections recurred after discontinuation of therapy.CONCLUSIONSLack of clinical and/or microbiologic response to vancomycin should raise the suspicion of possible infection due to Vt Gram‐positive bacteria, and alternative bactericidal therapy should be instituted early, especially in patients with underlying immune suppression. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Palliative radiation therapy for metastatic Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Koontz Bridget F. , Clough Robert W. , Halperin Edward C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough radiotherapy is an accepted component of curative treatment for Ewing sarcoma (EWS), to the authors' knowledge, there are scant data evaluating its use for palliation. The authors reviewed the Duke University Medical Center experience to evaluate treatment response and response durability.METHODSBetween 1980 and 2002, 21 patients with metastatic EWS received palliative radiotherapy. Pain was the primary indication for treatment. The majority of patients were male (n = 16 patients), and the median age at diagnosis was 11.6 years (range, 2.7‐28.8 yrs). Fifty‐two percent of patients had metastases at initial diagnosis. For the others, the median interval from initial diagnosis to metastases was 1.7 years.RESULTSSixty‐three metastatic sites were irradiated (median dose, 30 gray [Gy]; range, 4.5‐68.5 Gy), and a median of 3 sites were treated per patient (range, 1‐16 sites per patient). At the time of last follow‐up, 1 patient with a solitary brain metastasis has been disease free for 3.4 years after resection and cranial radiotherapy; all other patients died of their disease. Censoring this survivor, patients lived for a median of 1.0 year after metastatic diagnosis (range, from 17 days to 6.8 years), 41 days of which were spent in treatment (range, 1‐93 days). Of all sites, 55% had a complete clinical response of symptoms, and 29% had a partial response. The median response duration was 4.0 months (range, 10 days to 4.8 years). Only the survivor was noted to have a treatment complication (growth hormone insufficiency).CONCLUSIONSIt was possible to treat metastatic EWS effectively with palliative radiotherapy. Because these patients live a median of 1 year after diagnosis of metastases, providing symptom relief without a protracted treatment course is valuable and appropriate therapy. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Predictive validity of five comorbidity indices in prostate carcinoma patients treated with curative intent
Authors: Boulos David L. , Groome Patti A. , Brundage Michael D. , Siemens D. Robert , Mackillop William J. , Heaton Jeremy P.W. , Schulze Karleen M. , Rohland Susan L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDComorbidity is important to consider in clinical research on curative prostate carcinoma because of the role of competing risks. Five chart‐based comorbidity indices were assessed for their ability to predict survival.METHODSThis was a case‐cohort study of prostate carcinoma patient cohort treated with curative intent in Toronto and Southeast Cancer Care Ontario regions between 1990 and 1996; the subcohort was drawn from these men, whereas cases were cohort members who died from causes other than prostate carcinoma. Comorbidity data were obtained from medical charts (269 subjects). Vital status, age, area of residence, and socioeconomic status information were available. Predictive validity was quantified by the percent variance explained (PVE) over and above age using proportional hazards modeling.RESULTSThe Chronic Disease Score (CDS) (PVE = 11.3%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.5‐22.8%), Index of Coexistent Disease (ICED) (PVE = 9.0%; 95% CI, 2.9‐17.9%), Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) (PVE = 7.2%; 95% CI, 1.4‐17.1%), Kaplan‐Feinstein Index (PVE = 4.9%; 95% CI, 0.6‐12.8%), and Charlson Index (PVE = 3.8%; 95% CI, 0.3‐10.9%) each explained some outcome variability beyond age. PVE differences among indices were not statistically significant. A comorbidity identified at the time of cancer diagnosis was the cause of death in 59.2% of cases (75% for cardiac or vascular causes).CONCLUSIONSThe better‐performing, more comprehensive indices (CDS, ICED, and CIRS) would be useful in measuring and controlling for comorbidity in this setting. The CDS was easiest to apply and explained the most outcome variability. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Phase II trial of oral uracil/tegafur plus leucovorin in patients with hormone‐refractory prostate carcinoma
Authors: Bhandari Manish S. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Fardig Judith , Olson Karin , Smith David C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current study evaluated the efficacy of oral uracil/tegafur (UFT) and leucovorin (LV) in patients with hormone‐refractory metastatic prostrate carcinoma.METHODSTwenty‐eight patients with hormone‐refractory metastatic carcinoma of the prostate who had undergone antiandrogen withdrawal and no more than 1 prior chemotherapy treatment were enrolled on a single‐institution Phase II trial. Patients were treated with oral UFT at a dose of 300 mg/m2/d and oral LV at a dose of 90 mg/day for 28 days followed by 7 days off therapy on a 35‐day cycle regimen.RESULTSTwenty‐six patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. There was no response by objective criteria in 9 patients with measurable disease. Four responses by prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) criteria (i.e., PSA decrease by > 50%) were noted (15%) lasting a mean of 20.5 weeks. Therapy was generally well tolerated, with 2 patients developing Grade 4 toxicity (1 patient each with diarrhea and hand‐foot syndrome) and 4 patients having significant Grade 3 toxicity (anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and vomiting) (Toxicity was graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria). Six patients had stable disease by clinical, laboratory, and radiologic criteria for an average of 5 cycles of treatment (25 wks).CONCLUSIONSAlthough UFT and LV are generally well tolerated in the setting of hormone‐refractory metastatic prostate carcinoma, the combination has a low level of activity. Its toxicity and activity is similar to that observed when intravenous 5‐fluorouracil or capecitabine are given alone. It may be an option for further investigations in combination regimens. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic factors of recurrence in encapsulated Hurthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland
Authors: Ghossein Ronald A. , Hiltzik David H. , Carlson Diane L. , Patel Snehal , Shaha Ashok , Shah Jatin P. , Tuttle Robert M. , Singh Bhuvanesh 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDFollicular carcinomas of the thyroid gland, including its oncocytic variant (so‐called Hurthle cell carcinoma), are subdivided into the indolent encapsulated (“minimally invasive”) and the clinically aggressive widely invasive tumors. There are, however, cases of encapsulated follicular carcinoma that recur and metastasize. Identifying these cases at the time of diagnosis is crucial for prognostic and therapeutic considerations. Because to the authors' knowledge most studies do not focus exclusively on the encapsulated Hurthle cell carcinoma (EHC), the current study attempted to identify predictors of recurrence in EHC.METHODSA tumor was defined as EHC if it was encapsulated, macroscopically well defined with microscopic but no macroscopic evidence of vascular or capsular invasion, and composed of >75% follicular oncocytic cells. Retrospective chart review and microscopic examination identified 50 primary tumors meeting the above criteria at the Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center between 1967 and 2005. The cases were analyzed for various histologic and clinical parameters. Each parameter was correlated with recurrence‐free survival (RFS).RESULTSSeven of 50 (14%) patients developed disease recurrence. All patients who developed recurrence were found to have a high number of foci of vascular invasion (≥ 4). In univariate analysis, ≥ 4 foci of vascular invasion (P <.0001), tumor size > 4 cm (P = .049), the presence of mitosis (P = .018), and a solid/trabecular growth pattern (P = .009) were found to be correlated with a decreased RFS. Extensive capsular invasion, gender, and age did not confer a statistically higher recurrence rate. The finding of a solid/trabecular growth and mitosis correlated with the presence of numerous foci (≥ 4) of vascular invasion (P = .01 and P = .005, respectively).CONCLUSIONSA diligent search for vascular invasion is recommended in EHC that display mitosis or a solid/trabecular growth pattern. The presence of ≥ 4 foci of vascular invasion should alert the pathologist and the clinician to a significantly higher risk of recurrence in EHC. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Expression of the dlx gene family during formation of the cranial bones in the zebrafish (Danio rerio): Differential involvement in the visceral skeleton and braincase
Authors: Verreijdt L. , Debiais‐Thibaud M. , Borday‐Birraux V. , Van der heyden C. , Sire J.‐Y. , Huysseune A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe have used dlx genes to test the hypothesis of a separate developmental program for dermal and cartilage bones within the neuro‐ and splanchnocranium by comparing expression patterns of all eight dlx genes during cranial bone formation in zebrafish from 1 day postfertilization (dPF) to 15 dPF. dlx genes are expressed in the visceral skeleton but not during the formation of dermal or cartilage bones of the braincase. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of all the members of the dlx gene family, support the view that dlx genes impart cellular identity to the different arches, required to make arch‐specific dermal bones. Expression patterns seemingly associated with cartilage (perichondral) bones of the arches, in contrast, are probably related to ongoing differentiation of the underlying cartilage rather than with differentiation of perichondral bones themselves. Whether dlx genes originally functioned in the visceral skeleton only, and whether their involvement in the formation of neurocranial bones (as in mammals) is secondary, awaits clarification. Developmental Dynamics 235:1371–1389, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Notch receptor encodes two structurally separable functions in Drosophila: A genetic analysis
Authors: Langdon Tim , Hayward Penelope , Brennan Keith , Wirtz‐Peitz Frederik , Sanders Phil , Zecchini Vincent , Friday Adrian , Balayo Tina , Martinez Arias Alfonso 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe Notch gene of Drosophila encodes a single transmembrane receptor that plays a central role in the process of lateral inhibition. This process results in the selection of individual mesodermal and neural precurors during the development of the muscular and nervous systems. The activation of Notch during lateral inhibition is mediated by the transmembrane ligand Delta (Dl) and effected by the transcription factor Suppressor of Hairless (Su(H)). The same functional cassette plays a role in other processes, in particular, the development and patterning of the wing. Genetic analysis has suggested that, in addition to the Su(H)‐dependent pathway, Notch can signal in an Su(H)‐independent manner. This process seems to be tightly associated with signalling by Wingless, a member of the Wnt family of signalling molecules. Here, we have analyzed further the possibility that the Notch protein encodes two different functions. To do so, we have studied the activities and genetic properties of different Notch receptors bearing deletions of specific regions of the intracellular and the extracellular domains in different developmental processes, and have sought to correlate the activity of these mutant proteins with those of existing mutants in Notch. Our results support the existence of at least two different activities of Notch each of which can be associated with specific structural domains. Developmental Dynamics 235:998–1013, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deficient morphological processing in adults with developmental dyslexia: another barrier to efficient word recognition?
Authors: Schiff Rachel , Raveh Michal 
Published: March 2006

AbstractResearch on dyslexia has focused on the phonological level of linguistic analysis. Here we extend the investigation of the linguistic competence of individuals with dyslexia to the morphological level of linguistic analysis. We examine whether adult Hebrew readers with dyslexia extract and represent morphemic units similarly to normal readers. Using the priming paradigm in the word fragment completion task, we measured the magnitude of morphological priming and contrasted this effect with the repetition priming effect. Students with normal reading ability showed the typical repetition priming effect. A comparable repetition priming effect was also found for the dyslexic group as a whole. However, when the dyslexics were classified into three subtypes according to their phonological and orthographic decoding skills, repetition priming effects were significant only for the phonological dyslexia subgroup but not for the surface or mixed dyslexia subgroups. Furthermore, students with normal reading ability showed strong morphological priming, comparable in strength to the repetition priming effect. In contrast, the dyslexic readers did not show morphological priming, neither the dyslexia group as a whole, nor any of the subgroups. Our results highlight an additional source for dyslexics' difficulties with word recognition which lie at the level of morphological processing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal Phosphonates Based on {[(Benzimidazol‐2‐ylmethyl)imino]bis(methylene)}bis(phosphonic Acid): Syntheses, Structures and Magnetic Properties of the Chain Compounds [M{(C7H5N2)CH2N(CH2PO3H)2}](M = Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Cd)
Authors: Cao Deng‐Ke , Xiao Jing , Li Yi‐Zhi , Clemente‐Juan Juan Modesto , Coronado Eugenio , Zheng Li‐Min 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFive compounds based on {[(benzimidazol‐2‐ylmethyl)imino]bis(methylene)}bis(phosphonic acid) [(C7H5N2)CH2N(CH2PO3H2)2], namely [M{(C7H5N2)CH2N(CH2PO3H)2}] [M = Mn (1), Fe (2), Co (3), Cu (4), Cd (5)] have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. These compounds are isostructural, crystallizing in the orthorhombic space groupPbca, witha= 15.331(2),b= 10.7150(16), andc= 16.715(2) Å for1;a= 15.320(3),b= 10.477(2), andc= 16.764(3) Å for2;a= 15.207(2),b= 10.4626(16), andc= 16.794(3) Å for3;a= 15.101(3),b= 10.3517(17), andc= 16.997(3) Å for4; anda= 15.4679(19),b= 10.8923(13), andc= 16.6175(19) for5. Each compound shows a one‐dimensional chain structure where {MO3N2} trigonal bipyramids are connected by {CPO3} tetrahedra through corner‐sharing. The chains are further connected to each other through aromatic stacking of the benzimidazole rings and extensive hydrogen bonds, forming a supramolecular 3D structure. Magnetic susceptibility studies of1–4reveal that weak antiferromagnetic interactions occur between the metal centers. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)