bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Understandings on Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: De Mos Marissa , Sturkenboom Miriam C. J. M. , Huygen Frank J. P. M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) have been increasingly studied over the past decade. Classically, this painful and disabling disorder was considered to emerge from pathology of the central nervous system. However, the involvement of additional peripheral disease mechanisms is likely, and recently these mechanisms have also attracted scientific attention. The present article provides an overview of the current understandings regarding pathology of the autonomic and somatic nervous system in CRPS, as well as the roles of neurogenic inflammation, hypoxia, and the contribution of psychological factors. Potential connections between the separate disease mechanisms will be discussed. Additionally, currently known risk factors for CRPS will be addressed. Insight into risk factors is of relevance as it facilitates early diagnosis and tailored treatment. Moreover, it may provide clues for further unraveling of the pathogenesis and etiology of CRPS.
Investigation of whether the acute hemolysis associated with Rho(D) immune globulin intravenous (human) administration for treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura is consistent with the acute hemolytic transfusion reaction model
Authors: Gaines Ann Reed , Lee‐Stroka Hallie , Byrne Karen , Scott Dorothy E. , Uhl Lynne , Lazarus Ellen , Stroncek David F. 
Published: February 2009

BACKGROUND: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura and secondary thrombocytopenia patients treated with Rho(D) immune globulin intravenous (human; anti‐D IGIV) have experienced acute hemolysis, which is inconsistent with the typical presentation of extravascular hemolysis—the presumed mechanism of action of anti‐D IGIV. Although the mechanism of anti‐D‐IGIV–associated acute hemolysis has not been established, the onset, signs/symptoms, and complications appear consistent with the intravascular hemolysis of acute hemolytic transfusion reactions (AHTRs). In transfusion medicine, the red blood cell (RBC) antigen‐antibody incompatibility(‐ies) that precipitate AHTRs can be detected in vitro with compatibility testing. Under the premise that anti‐D‐IGIV–associated acute hemolysis results from RBC antigen‐antibody–mediated complement activation, this study evaluated whether the incompatibility(‐ies) could be detected in vitro with a hemolysin assay, which would support the AHTR model as the hemolytic mechanism.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Seven anti‐D IGIV lots were tested to determine the RBC antibody identities in those lots, including four lots that had been implicated in acute hemolytic episodes. Hemolysin assays were performed that tested each of 73 RBC specimens against each lot, including the RBCs of one patient who had experienced acute hemolysis after anti‐D IGIV administration.RESULTS: Only two anti‐D IGIV lots contained RBC antibodies beyond those expected. No hemolysis endpoint was observed in any of the hemolysin assays.CONCLUSION: Although the findings did not support the AHTR model, the results are reported to contribute knowledge about the mechanism of anti‐D‐IGIV–associated acute hemolysis and to prompt continued investigation into cause(s), prediction, and prevention of this potentially serious adverse event.
Platelet function assessed by shear‐induced deposition of split triple‐dose apheresis concentrates treated with pathogen reduction technologies
Authors: Picker Susanne M. , Schneider Volker , Gathof Birgit S. 
Published: February 2009

BACKGROUND: Pathogen inactivation/reduction technology (PRT) may alter quality of stored platelet (PLT) concentrates (PCs). Therefore, PLT adhesion and aggregation should be studied before transfusion of PRT‐treated PLTs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A three‐arm in vitro study on triple‐dose apheresis PCs (n = 9) was conducted. Split single units were designated to PRT treatment with either a riboflavin (M)‐ or a psoralen (I)‐based technique and compared to untreated controls (C). Samples were taken on Days 0, 1, 5, 7, and 8 to assess PLT function via a cone and plate(let) analyzer, flow cytometric P‐selectin expression, and turbidometric aggregation response to thrombin receptor–activating peptide 6 (TRAP‐6).RESULTS: P‐selectin expression increased and TRAP‐6–inducible expression decreased steadily in all units until reaching a plateau on Day 5 of storage. PRT‐treated units demonstrated significant (p ≤ 0.008) differences to C units due to a more pronounced upregulation in P‐selectin expression after PRT treatment. The same was true for TRAP‐6 after Day 5 of storage. C units were significantly superior over PRT‐treated units (p ≤ 0.002), among which M yielded higher values than I (p ≤ 0.008). Although M demonstrated increased shear‐induced PLT deposition that remained stable during storage (p = 0.082), surface coverage significantly declined in C (p = 0.047) and especially in I (p = 0.003), but differences between M, C, and I did not reach significance. All units exhibited a slight increase in aggregate size that remained comparable throughout storage (p ≥ 0.141).CONCLUSIONS: Irrespective of storage‐related changes in PLT activation and turbidometric aggregation response, riboflavin‐based PRT seemed to benefit shear‐induced PLT adhesion. The impact of this finding for PLT function and thrombogenesis in vivo must await clinical evaluation.
Red blood cell volume can be independently determined in vitro using sheep and human red blood cells labeled at different densities of biotin
Authors: Mock Donald M. , Matthews Nell I. , Strauss Ronald G. , Burmeister Leon F. , Schmidt Robert , Widness John A. 
Published: February 2009

BACKGROUND:The development of valid methods for repeatedly measuring red blood cell (RBC) volume (RCV) in the same individual would be useful in furthering understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of the pregnant woman, fetus, and infant under a variety of conditions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:Small volumes (5 to 100 mL) of either sheep or human blood were used to test the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in RCV and blood volume determined in vitro using as many as five populations of RBCs labeled at distinct biotin densities. By varying the mass of biotinylating reagent, the density of biotin on the surface of RBCs was incrementally increased to produce discrete populations as assessed by flow cytometric enumeration. Calculation of RCV for each biotin‐labeled RBC population was based on the dilution principle.RESULTS:All biotin densities, except the most densely labeled, where variance was the greatest, accurately quantitated the in vitro blood volume to within 10 percent of the correct value. There was no bias of either overestimation or underestimation in the determination of the blood volume using either sheep or human RBCs.CONCLUSION:These in vitro results provide evidence that the multidensity biotin labeling method is sufficiently accurate to utilize in vivo for repeated determination of circulating RCV and blood volume.
The Influence of Morphological Changes in Amplatzer Device on the Atrial and Aortic Walls Following Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects
Authors: KITANO MASATAKA , YAZAKI SATOSHI , SUGIYAMA HISASHI , YAMADA OSAMU 
Published: February 2009

Objective: This study prospectively investigated morphological changes in Amplatzer Septal Occluder (ASO) over time and the influences of these changes on the atrial and aortic walls after atrial septal defect (ASD) closure.
Methods: Between August 2005 and December 2007, 78 patients with ASD were treated with ASO devices and changes in the device shape, the device thickness, and relations of the discs to the atrial and aortic walls over time were evaluated by transesophageal echocardiography immediately and 3–12 months after deployment.
Results: The maximum unstretched ASD diameter was 16.2 ± 4.8 mm and the device diameter selected was 20.6 ± 5.5 mm. At the time of last follow‐up, the device thickness decreased by 17–33%, 6 of 26 devices with a flare shape on the aortic side developed a closed shape, and the relations of the discs to the anterior atrial and aortic walls changed from touching to intermittent compression in 14 of the 78 cases. In these 14 cases, the aortic rim was significantly smaller, the number of flared device shapes on the aortic side/the number of closed shapes immediately after deployment was significantly larger, and the maximum device thickness at the middle part was significantly more decreased than those in other cases.
Conclusion: As the device becomes thinner, loses its flexibility, and often changes from a flare‐to‐closed shape on the aortic side over time, the edges of ASO can start to compress the atrial and aortic walls. However, erosion was not recognized in these cases.
Effects of larval starvation and adult diet‐derived amino acids on reproduction in a fruit‐feeding butterfly
Authors: Bauerfeind Stephanie S. , Fischer Klaus 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAvailability of adequate nutrition is among the most important factors affecting growth, development, and reproduction in animals. In holometabolous insects, diets and nutritional needs change between life stages, with larval storage, and adult feeding and reproduction being linked to one another. In several butterfly species, adult feeding is of fundamental importance to realize the full reproductive potential, primarily due to a prominent role of adult diet‐derived carbohydrates. In contrast, the role of adult diet‐derived amino acids is still under debate, despite the fact that butterflies were often found to preferentially feed on amino acid‐rich substrates. Recently it was found that amino acids from adult income could compensate for adverse effects of larval food quality. In our study on the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), we used larval starvation to investigate corresponding effects on female reproductive output. Short periods of larval starvation prolonged development time and reduced larval survival, larval growth rate, pupal mass, and egg size. Regardless of the degree of larval starvation, access to amino acids in the adult diet increased egg size, whereas egg number remained largely unaffected. Thus, although there was some evidence for adult diet‐derived amino acids being overall beneficial to reproduction, there was no indication that they can compensate for larval starvation.
Can chemical signals, responsible for mutualistic partner encounter, promote the specific exploitation of nursery pollination mutualisms? – The case of figs and fig wasps
Authors: Proffit Magali , Chen Chun , Soler Catherine , Bessière Jean‐Marie , Schatz Bertrand , Hossaert‐McKey Martine 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn nursery pollination mutualisms, where pollinators reproduce within the inflorescence they pollinate, floral scents often play a major role in advertizing host location and rewards for the pollinator. However, chemical messages emitted by the plant that are responsible for the encounter of mutualist partners can also be used by parasites of these mutualisms to locate their host. Each species of Ficus (Moraceae) is involved in an obligatory nursery pollination mutualism with usually one pollinating fig wasp (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae). In this interaction, volatile compounds emitted by receptive figs are responsible for the attraction of their specific pollinator. However, a large and diverse community of non‐pollinating chalcidoid wasps can also parasitize this mutualism. We investigated whether the chemical message emitted by figs to attract their pollinator can promote the host specificity of non‐pollinating fig wasps. We analysed the volatile compounds emitted by receptive figs of three sympatric Ficus species, namely, Ficus hispida L., Ficus racemosa L., and Ficus tinctoria G. Forster, and tested the attraction of the pollinator of F. hispida (Ceratosolen solmsi marchali Mayr), and of one species of non‐pollinating fig wasp [Philotrypesis pilosa Mayr (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae)] to scents emitted by receptive figs of these three Ficus species. Analysis of the volatile compounds emitted by receptive figs revealed that the three Ficus species could be clearly distinguished by their chemical composition. Behavioural bioassays performed in a Y‐tube olfactometer showed that both pollinator and parasite were attracted only by the specific odour of F. hispida. These results suggest that the use by non‐pollinating fig wasps of a specific chemical message produced by figs could limit host shifts by non‐pollinating fig wasps.
Synergistic interaction of the histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in cutaneous T cell lymphoma
Authors: Heider Ulrike , Rademacher Jessica , Lamottke Britta , Mieth Maren , Moebs Markus , Von Metzler Ivana , Assaf Chalid , Sezer Orhan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractProteasome inhibitors and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are novel targeted therapies being evaluated in clinical trials for cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). However, data in regard to tumor biology are limited with these agents. In the present study we analyzed the effects of the HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib on human CTCL cells. Four CTCL cell lines (SeAx, Hut‐78, MyLa, and HH) were exposed to bortezomib and/ or SAHA at different concentrations. Cell viability was quantified using the MTT assay. In addition, apoptosis and generation of reactive oxygen species were analyzed. Both agents potently inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis. After 48 h of incubation, IC50 of bortezomib was noted at 8.3 nm, 7.9 nm, 6.3 nm, and 22.5 nm in SeAx, Hut‐78, HH, and MyLa cells, respectively. For SAHA, the IC50 values were at 0.6 μm in SeAx cells, 0.75 μm in Hut‐78 cells, 0.9 μm in HH cells, and 4.4 μm in MyLa cells. Importantly, combined treatment resulted in synergistic cytotoxic effects, as indicated by Combination indices values <1 using the median effect method of Chou and Talalay. We furthermore found that combined treatment with both agents lead to a decreased proteasome activity, an upregulation of the cell regulators p21 and p27 and increased expression of phosphorylated p38. In addition, we showed that SAHA reduced the vascular endothelial growth factor production of CTCL cells. Our results demonstrate that bortezomib and SAHA synergistically induce apoptosis in CTCL cells and thus provide a rationale for clinical trials of combined proteasome and histone deacetylase inhibition in the treatment of CTCL.
Using community maternity care assistants to facilitate family‐focused breastfeeding support
Authors: Ingram Jenny , Johnson Debbie 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIncreasing breastfeeding rates, particularly in lower socio‐economic areas, would have considerable impact upon public health. Social support has been found to have direct and positive effects on breastfeeding rates, and fathers' attitudes have an important influence on the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding. In the UK, trained maternity care assistants (MCAs) are increasingly being used to support community midwives by providing post‐natal women with breastfeeding support. The current study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of MCAs involving fathers from economically deprived communities in antenatal breastfeeding discussions to equip them to provide support and encouragement.Eleven couples who took part in the intervention were interviewed post‐natally. MCAs, midwives and midwifery managers gave their views on the intervention and role of MCAs in the community. The study showed that MCAs with appropriate training are very effective at delivering antenatal breastfeeding information, which both mothers and other family members value. MCAs found giving such breastfeeding support both enjoyable and fulfilling, while involving fathers and family members proved a practical way of encouraging them to be more supportive. Midwives and midwifery managers were positive about involving MCAs in giving the antenatal intervention, but did not see the routine introduction of this type of session for couples being possible at present due to current staffing problems.Involving fathers in breastfeeding support may start to increase knowledge and change attitudes towards breastfeeding in communities where formula feeding is seen as the normal way to feed a baby.
Beyond Romance? Re‐Reading the ‘Lives’ of Anne, Lady Halkett (1621/2?–1699)
Authors: Trill Suzanne 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWhile for many Anne, Lady Halkett will be an unfamiliar figure, if and when she is discussed it is usually in the context of her (potentially scandalous) relationship with Colonel Joseph Bampfield. Here I argue that this image is based on a disproportionate critical focus on Halkett's ‘Autobiography’ or ‘Memoirs’, which has distorted our perception of Halkett's life and writing. By tracing how the focus on ‘romance’ emerged in the earliest responses to Halkett, I examine why this persists in more recent criticism. Only Ezell, Lamb, Wiseman and I have so far paid any attention to the other twenty‐one manuscript volumes which Halkett produced over the course of her life. This leads me to conclude that ‘in contrast to the current tendency to focus on Halkett's “life” as articulated in the singular (and with reference to a single text), it is vital that we pay more attention to the plurality of Halkett's “lives”’, which suggest ‘that while modern critics have been obsessed with romance, Halkett herself was far more preoccupied with royalism and religion’.
Breaking through the Mode: Celia Fiennes and the Exercise of Curiosity
Authors: Picciotto Joanna 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis essay explores the contribution of Baconian ideology to an emergent discourse of the nerves, using Celia Fiennes's Journeys as a case study. Viewed in the context of the Baconian propaganda associated with the Royal Society and the early eighteenth‐century literature on nervous disease, Fiennes's project offers evidence that the national myth constructed around the English as a nervous people had its origin in a campaign to reform them into a curious people.
Troping Mood: Pfau, Wordsworth, and Hegel
Authors: Collings David 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDrawing on discussions of mood in Kant, Novalis, Hegel, and Heidegger, Thomas Pfau, in his recent major work, Romantic Moods, provides an innovative and philosophically nuanced approach to the study of affect. In doing so, he challenges key aspects of new historicism, arguing that history is to be found not in actual events but in the prediscursive, collective, quasi‐cognitive mood that partly registers and partly resists them. Such a mood, he argues, can never be captured directly, but is best evoked in the virtual mode of literature; as a result, rather than falsifying a material history, literature remains faithful to a bewildered historicity betrayed by the fixity of actual events. Yet Pfau's analysis of three subperiods of romantic paranoia, trauma, and melancholy tends to separate them too strictly from each other; in Wordsworth's Salisbury Plain poems, Blake's Book of Urizen, and Godwin's Caleb Williams, the literature of paranoia, by carrying out a critique of its own premises, transforms into the literature of trauma, thereby shifting from the articulation of one mood into that of another. These instances of self‐critique participate in a literary version of the dialectic, whereby feeling reflects formally on itself. Moreover, Pfau's interweaving of romantic lyric and modern philosophical reflection suggests that for him, romanticism is an exemplary instance of modernity; what he leaves out of view is the possibility that modernity itself is a trope, a strong interpretation, to which we might best respond with a nonmodern critique.
The Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Androgen Deficiency in Aging Taiwanese Men
Authors: Liu Chia-Chu , Wu Wen-Jeng , Lee Yung-Chin , Wang Chii-Jye , Ke Hung-Lung , Li Wei-Ming , Hsiao Hsi-Lin , Yeh Hsin-Chih , Li Ching-Chia , Chou Yii-Her , Huang Chun-Hsiung , Huang Shu-Pin 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Androgen deficiency in aging men has attracted much medical interest. Most studies on androgen deficiency have been conducted in Caucasian populations, and data from other ethnicities are lacking.

Aim
To evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for androgen deficiency and symptomatic androgen deficiency in Taiwanese men over 40 years old.

Methods
From August 2007 to April 2008, a free health screening was conducted by a medical center in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and 819 men participated in this health screening. All participants completed a health questionnaire, received a detailed physical examination, and blood samples were drawn between 8:00 and 12:00 am.

Main Outcome Measures
Serum total testosterone (TT), albumin, and sex hormone-binding globulin levels were measured. The level of free testosterone (FT) was calculated. Clinical symptoms of androgen deficiency were assessed using the Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (ADAM) questionnaire.

Results
Seven hundred thirty-four men who met the inclusion criteria (mean age 57.4 ± 6.7 years; range: 43–87 years) were included in this study. The prevalence of androgen deficiency was 24.1% based on the criterion of TT level &lt; 300 ng/dL, and 16.6% based on the criterion of both TT &lt; 300 ng/dL and FT &lt; 5 ng/dL. The prevalence of symptomatic androgen deficiency was 12.0%. Both prevalence of androgen deficiency and symptomatic androgen deficiency increased with age. Older age, obesity, and diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors for androgen deficiency and symptomatic androgen deficiency.

Conclusions
In a sample of aging Taiwanese men, a substantial proportion had androgen deficiency and symptomatic androgen deficiency, and the prevalence increased with age. Older age, obesity, and diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors for androgen deficiency and symptomatic androgen deficiency. Those potentially modifiable risk factors like obesity and diabetes mellitus should be prevented to maintain normal testosterone levels during aging in men.
Misremembering Pain: Memory Bias for Pain Words in Women Reporting Sexual Pain
Authors: Thaler Lea , Meana Marta , Lanti Alessandra 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe debate over the classification of dyspareunia as a sexual dysfunction or as a pain disorder raises the question of the comparative cognitive salience of sex and/or pain in the experience of women who report pain with intercourse. Refinements in our understanding of cognitive factors in the experience of pain with intercourse may be important in the development of effective treatments.AimThis study aimed to compare the cognitive salience of sex and pain word stimuli in women reporting pain with intercourse and in a control group of women without sexual dysfunction.MethodsTwenty women reporting pain during sexual intercourse and 20 women reporting no sexual dysfunction (controls) participated in a memory protocol designed to detect differences as a function of group membership and type of stimulus (sex, pain, and two other control stimuli).Main Outcome MeasuresDependent measures were recall, recognition, intrusions, and false positives for sex words, pain words, and two other control word types.ResultsRegardless of group membership, women had best recall for sex-related words; however, women reporting sexual pain evidenced more false memories for pain words than did control women, and pain words elicited more false memories than any other type of word for women with sexual pain.ConclusionResults are interpreted to suggest that repeated activation through experience with persistent sexual pain may have contributed to the: (i) development of stronger semantic networks related to pain in comparison to no sexual dysfunction controls and; (ii) activation of pain networks more easily triggered by pain-related stimuli in women with sexual pain than in no sexual dysfunction controls. Sex, however, had not attained the cognitive salience of pain.