bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable Micro/Nano‐Optical Devices Based on Phase Transitions: From Materials, Mechanisms to Applications
Authors: Li Chensheng , Pan Ruhao , Gu Changzhi , Guo Haiming , Li Junjie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, numerous efforts have been devoted to exploring innovative micro/nano‐optical devices (MNODs) with reconfigurable functionality, which is highly significant because of the progressively increasing requirements for next‐generation photonic systems. Fortunately, phase change materials (PCMs) provide an extremely competitive pathway to achieve this goal. The phase transitions induce significant changes to materials in optical, electrical properties or shapes, triggering great research interests in applying PCMs to reconfigurable micro/nano‐optical devices (RMNODs). More specifically, the PCMs‐based RMNODs can interact with incident light in on‐demand or adaptive manners and thus realize unique functions. In this review, RMNODs based on phase transitions are systematically summarized and comprehensively overviewed from materials, phase change mechanisms to applications. The reconfigurable optical devices consisting of three kinds of typical PCMs are emphatically introduced, including chalcogenides, transition metal oxides, and shape memory alloys, highlighting the reversible state switch and dramatic contrast of optical responses along with designated utilities generated by phase transition. Finally, a comprehensive summary of the whole content is given, discussing the challenge and outlooking the potential development of the PCMs‐based RMNODs in the future.
Activation of Bivalent Gene POU4F1 Promotes and Maintains Basal‐like Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Miao Nanyan , Lao Liyan , Deng Wen , Wang Jiawen , Zhu Xiaofeng , Huang Yongsheng , Lin Huayue , Zeng Wenfeng , Zhang Wei , Tan Luyuan , Yuan Xiaoqing , Zeng Xin , Zhu Jingkun , Chen Xueman , Song Erwei , Yang Linbin , Nie Yan , Huang Di 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBasal‐like breast cancer (BLBC) is the most aggressive molecular subtype of breast cancer with worse prognosis and fewer treatment options. The underlying mechanisms upon BLBC transcriptional dysregulation and its upstream transcription factors (TFs) remain unclear. Here, among the hyperactive candidate TFs of BLBC identified by bioinformatic analysis, POU4F1 is uniquely upregulated in BLBC and is associated with poor prognosis. POU4F1 is necessary for the tumor growth and malignant phenotypes of BLBC through regulating G1/S transition by direct binding at the promoter of CDK2 and CCND1. More importantly, POU4F1 maintains BLBC identity by repressing ERα expression through CDK2‐mediated EZH2 phosphorylation and subsequent H3K27me3 modification in ESR1 promoter. Knocking out POU4F1 in BLBC cells reactivates functional ERα expression, rendering BLBC sensitive to tamoxifen treatment. In‐depth epigenetic analysis reveals that the subtype‐specific re‐configuration and activation of the bivalent chromatin in the POU4F1 promoter contributes to its unique expression in BLBC, which is maintained by DNA demethylase TET1. Together, these results reveal a subtype‐specific epigenetically activated TF with critical role in promoting and maintaining BLBC, suggesting that POU4F1 is a potential therapeutic target for BLBC.
Thromboembolic risk of carfilzomib or bortezomib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: A comparative systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Costa Bruno Almeida , Costa Thomaz Alexandre , Saravia Sara Diaz , Felix Nicole , Tan Carlyn Rose , Korde Neha , Richter Joshua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThrombosis represents a frequent and potentially severe complication in individuals diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM). These events can be driven by both the disease as well as the therapies themselves. Overall, available evidence is inconclusive about the differential thrombogenicity of carfilzomib/lenalidomide/dexamethasone (KRd) and bortezomib/lenalidomide/dexamethasone (VRd). This meta‐analysis compares the risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE; including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) and arterial thromboembolism (ATE; including myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke) with KRd versus VRd as primary therapy for newly diagnosed MM (NDMM). Out of 510 studies identified after deduplication, one randomized controlled trial and five retrospective cohort studies were included. We analyzed 2304 patients (VRd: 1380; KRd: 924) for VTE events and 2179 patients (VRd: 1316; KRd: 863) for ATE events. Lower rates of VTE were observed in the VRd group when compared with the KRd group (6.16% vs. 8.87%; odds ratio [OR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32–0.88; p = .01). Both treatment groups exhibited minimal ATE incidence, with no significant difference between them (0.91% vs. 1.16%; OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.24–4.20; p = .99). In view of potential biases from retrospective studies, heterogeneity of baseline population characteristics, and limited access to patient‐level data (e.g., VTE risk stratification and type of thromboprophylaxis regimen used) inherent to this meta‐analysis, additional research is warranted to further validate our findings and refine strategies for thrombosis prevention in MM.
Stop stunting—A misguided campaign by well‐meaning nutritionists
Authors: Hermanussen Michael , Scheffler Christiane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjective“Stop stunting” is the central focus of the national Indonesian campaign to improve child health. We provide an autoethnographic statement on the currently practiced strategy that commits 23 ministries and an estimated $3.9 billion per year to coordinating nutrition interventions that are supposed to address the underlying causes of stunting.MethodsWe visited six community health posts (posyandus) in West Timor and in Java and participated in routine child health examinations. We documented our impressions and discussed them with Indonesian colleagues, health officials, and local physicians.ResultsRoutine health checks for children include anthropometry (height, weight, head, and mid‐upper arm circumference), immunizations, and documentation in the children's health records. The examinations do not include a physical examination, vision and hearing tests of the child, health questionnaires, or information on nutrition. No specific information or recommendations are given to the mothers.ConclusionStunting is highly prevalent in Indonesia and “Stop‐stunting” campaigns have become a national issue. Yet, their impact is disillusioning. Stunting is associated with a way of life that differs from that in developed Western countries today and was prevalent in feudal and other nondemocratic societies. We do not want to throw away policies that try to improve growth in children, but instead of spending money for dubious interventions as we have encountered in Indonesia, we rather suggest spending thoughts on the political and emotional causes of poor growth in otherwise healthy Indonesian children.
The bidirectional longitudinal association between academic performance and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents
Authors: Adelantado‐Renau Mireia , Duncan Michael , Crotti Matteo , Monzonís‐Carda Irene , Moliner‐Urdiales Diego , Beltran‐Valls Maria Reyes 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe limited prior research examining the association between academic performance and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in youth did not explore the reciprocal association between these constructs, and analyzed CVD risk factors individually. Thus, the aim of the present study was to explore the bidirectional longitudinal association between clustered CVD risk score and academic performance in adolescents over a 24‐month interval.MethodsA total of 237 adolescents (45.6% girls), aged 13.9 ± 0.3 years old at baseline, from DADOS (Deporte, ADOlescencia y Salud) study were included in this study. A clustered CVD risk score was created by calculating the mean age‐ and gender‐standardized z‐scores of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and cardiorespiratory fitness (inversed). Academic performance was assessed through the final academic grades and the test of educational abilities.ResultsOur results showed that the clustered CVD risk score at baseline was not associated with academic performance 24 months later (all p > .05). Nevertheless, except for physical education, academic grades at baseline were inversely associated with clustered CVD risk score at follow‐up in adolescents (β ranged from −0.140 to −0.102; all p < .05). No associations were found between academic abilities at baseline and clustered CVD risk score at follow‐up (all p > .05).ConclusionAcademic grades could help predict CVD risk 24 months later during adolescence. Education professionals should foster adolescents' academic performance not only to improve academic results but also to maximize future cardiovascular health benefits.
Hyperandrogenism associated with polycystic ovary syndrome may have a protective effect against fracture risk in female athletes: A pilot study
Authors: Manthey Courtney , Cepon‐Robins Tara , Warrener Anna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by polycystic ovaries, anovulation, and hyperandrogenism, is believed to be an evolutionary mismatch disease. Past research has examined PCOS as a uniform disease, despite variation in phenotypes across diagnostic categories, but establishing an evolutionary mismatch requires a focus on individual traits. We suggest PCOS hyperandrogenism may have been beneficial in ancestral environments because it reduced fracture risk and associated morbidity and mortality due to increased bone mineral density (BMD). We test this hypothesis by assessing fracture frequency, a proxy for BMD, in highly active females with and without PCOS hyperandrogenism.MethodsSixty‐seven reproductive‐aged women were surveyed and grouped as: high intensity interval training (HIIT; a proxy for metabolic and physical stress) athletes with hyperandrogenic PCOS (31.24%), HIIT athletes without PCOS (29.85%), and nonathletes with hyperandrogenic PCOS (38.81%). Fracture occurrence was compared between the groups using independent samples Kruskal–Wallis tests for non‐normally distributed data, and multiple regression analysis was used to examine anthropometrics, lifestyle and reproductive factors, PCOS status, and exercise frequency on fracture occurrence.ResultsFracture occurrence was higher in non‐PCOS athletes (3.8 ± 4.3) than PCOS‐athletes (1.2 ± 1.4, p = .11) and PCOS‐non‐athletes (1.0 ± 1.4, p < .01). PCOS‐athletes and nonathletes did not differ significantly in fracture occurrence (p = .33). These results were independent of factors associated with bone health.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings suggest females with PCOS‐related hyperandrogenism may be less likely to experience bone fractures and provide an initial step to explaining why PCOS has persisted despite marked negative reproductive consequences in modern populations.
Luxenburger's 1939 Essay on “Schizophrenia and its Hereditary Circle”
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Klee Astrid 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn 1939, Hans Luxenburger published a detailed overview of the current status of schizophrenia genetics research, reaching six major conclusions. First, schizophrenia is clearly a hereditary disease. Second, however, schizophrenia is not the hereditary trait itself but rather the consequences of a slowly developing biological progress, the nature of which remains entirely unknown. Third, the full manifestation of the disorder requires certain environmental influences that must come into play. In around 30% of cases, the environment can inhibit hereditary factors so that the predisposition does not manifest in schizophrenia. Fourth, the mode of inheritance of schizophrenia remains unknown, although recessivity is more likely than dominance and monomerism is more likely than polymerism. Fifth, current evidence suggests that schizophrenia is likely etiologically homogenous. Sixth, schizophrenia is part of a hereditary circle that includes “normal” variants of the human personality (schizothymia), a pathological version of this dimension (schizoidia), and other schizophrenia‐like delusional syndromes. Luxenburger is skeptical of efforts to clarify further Mendelian transmission models in the absence of pathophysiological markers because schizophrenia cannot serve as a typical phenotype for genetic analysis. By contrast, he strongly supports empirical work on hereditary prognosis, which does not depend on assumptions about any particular phenotype–genotype relationship.
Misconceptions about corporal punishment in Islam
Authors: Shafiq Mohammed , Munir Akhtar , Little Sarah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEarly Islamic scriptures mention the use of corporal punishment parenting strategies to rectify behaviour in children. However, many Islamic scholars strongly warn against employing corporal punishment as a discipline strategy. This discussion paper aimed to examine the misconceptions surrounding the use of corporal punishment as a parenting strategy in religious teachings and explores the sociocultural norms that act as a barrier to effective Islamic parenting practices. This discussion asserts that parenting practices engaging corporal punishment discipline strategies are not an inherent part of Islamic doctrine and both historic and contemporary Islamic scholars endorse alternative, peaceful parenting strategies in line with Islamic values. Dissemination of a holistic understanding of religious teachings regarding parenting strategies within the Muslim population is needed. It discusses the recommendations for educational opportunities to encourage and promote effective parenting strategies, which aim to avoid the use of corporal punishment in Muslim communities and nations.
Clinical validation of the PrecivityAD2 blood test: A mass spectrometry‐based test with algorithm combining %p‐tau217 and Aβ42/40 ratio to identify presence of brain amyloid
Authors: Meyer Matthew R. , Kirmess Kristopher M. , Eastwood Stephanie , Wente‐Roth Traci L. , Irvin Faith , Holubasch Mary S. , Venkatesh Venky , Fogelman Ilana , Monane Mark , Hanna Lucy , Rabinovici Gil D. , Siegel Barry A. , Whitmer Rachel A. , Apgar Charles , Bateman Randall J. , Holtzman David M. , Irizarry Michael , Verbel David , Sachdev Pallavi , Ito Satoshi , Contois John , Yarasheski Kevin E. , Braunstein Joel B. , Verghese Philip B. , West Tim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDWith the availability of disease‐modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is important for clinicians to have tests to aid in AD diagnosis, especially when the presence of amyloid pathology is a criterion for receiving treatment.METHODSHigh‐throughput, mass spectrometry‐based assays were used to measure %p‐tau217 and amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40 ratio in blood samples from 583 individuals with suspected AD (53% positron emission tomography [PET] positive by Centiloid > 25). An algorithm (PrecivityAD2 test) was developed using these plasma biomarkers to identify brain amyloidosis by PET.RESULTSThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC‐ROC) for %p‐tau217 (0.94) was statistically significantly higher than that for p‐tau217 concentration (0.91). The AUC‐ROC for the PrecivityAD2 test output, the Amyloid Probability Score 2, was 0.94, yielding 88% agreement with amyloid PET. Diagnostic performance of the APS2 was similar by ethnicity, sex, age, and apoE4 status.DISCUSSIONThe PrecivityAD2 blood test showed strong clinical validity, with excellent agreement with brain amyloidosis by PET.
Molecule and Microstructure Modulations of Cyano‐Containing Electrodes for High‐Performance Fully Organic Batteries
Authors: Wang Yonglin , Zhu Yunhai , Chen Zixuan , Yang Xu , Zhang Rongyu , Wang Hengguo , Yang Yingkui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCyano‐containing electrodes usually promise high theoretical potentials while suffering from uncontrollable self‐dissolution and sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, to remedy their limitations, an unprecedented core–shell heterostructured electrode of carbon nanotubes encapsulated in poly(1,4‐dicyanoperfluorobenzene sulfide) (CNT@PFDCB) is rationally crafted via molecule and microstructure modulations. Specifically, the linkage of sulfide bridges of PFDCB prevents the active cyano groups from dissolving, resulting in a robust structure. The fluorinations modulate the electronic configurations in frontier orbitals, allowing higher electrical conductivity and elevated output voltage. Combined with the core–shell architecture to unlock the sluggish diffusion kinetics for both electrons and guest ions, the CNT@PFDCB exhibits an impressive capacity (203.5 mAh g−1), remarkable rate ability (127.6 mAh g−1 at 3.0 A g−1), and exceptional cycling stability (retaining 81.1 % capacity after 3000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1). Additionally, the Li‐storage mechanisms regarding PFDCB are thoroughly revealed by in situ attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, in situ Raman spectroscopy, and theoretical simulations, which involve the coordination interaction between Li ions and cyano groups and the electron delocalization along the conjugated skeleton. More importantly, a practical fully organic cell based on the CNT@PFDCB is well‐validated that demonstrates a tremendous potential of cyanopolymer as the cathode to replace its inorganic counterparts.
Simultaneous Inside and Outside Functionalization of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kraus Jan , Meingast Laura , Hald Janina , Beil Sebastian B. , Biskupek Johannes , Ritterhoff Christian L. , Gsänger Sebastian , Eisenkolb Jasmin , Meyer Bernd , Kaiser Ute , Maultzsch Janina , von Delius Max 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFunctionalizing single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a robust way that does not affect the sp2 carbon framework is a considerable research challenge. Here we describe how triiodide salts of positively charged macrocycles can be used not only to functionalize SWCNTs from the outside, but simultaneously from the inside. We employed disulfide exchange in aqueous solvent to maximize the solvophobic effect and therefore achieve a high degree of macrocycle immobilization. Characterization by Raman spectroscopy, EDX‐STEM and HR‐TEM clearly showed that serendipitously this wet‐chemical functionalization procedure also led to the encapsulation of polyiodide chains inside the nanotubes. The resulting three‐shell composite materials are redox‐active and experience an intriguing interplay of electrostatic, solvophobic and mechanical effects that could be of interest for applications in energy storage.
Preparation of a novel bio‐based aerogel with excellent hydrophobic flame‐retardancy and high thermal insulation performance
Authors: Zhang Ruike , Fu Yan , Qin Wangping , Qiu Shuaishuai , Chang Jie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSodium‐alginate‐based aerogels possess wide prospects in the fields of packaging, aerospace, industrial construction and transportation because of their environmental compatibility and thermal insulation, but it is still a challenge to obtain a sodium alginate‐based aerogel with high flame retardancy and good thermal insulation. Herein, a sodium‐alginate‐based aerogel with high flame retardancy, thermal insulation and good hydrophobic properties was prepared by two‐step crosslinking strategy of phytic acid and metal ions and liquid phase deposition of trans‐cinnamic acid. As a result, the prepared SA/PA Mn+ aerogels obtained excellent flame retardancy (UL‐94 V‐0, LOI 50.1%) and rapid self‐extinguishing, and SA/PA Mn+ aerogels obtained good hydrophobic ability (CA = 134.2°). In addition, the mechanical properties of SA/PA Mn+ aerogels have also been improved, the compressive modulus increased from 0.66 to 6.37 MPa, and the specific modulus increased from 15.7 to 140.2 MPa cm −3 g−1. This research broadens the application of bio‐based flame‐retardant aerogels in the fields of packaging, aerospace, industrial construction and transportation.
Strategies for the fast optimization of the glass transition temperature of sustainable epoxy resin systems via machine learning
Authors: Rothenhäusler Florian , Ruckdaeschel Holger 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAligned with the prevailing sustainability paradigm, the imperative adoption of bio‐based substitutes for constituents within petroleum‐derived epoxy resin becomes evident. Blending bio‐based and petroleum‐based epoxy resins and curing agents, establishes a synergistic compromise addressing both sustainability imperatives and the mechanical efficacy of thermosets. The conventional approach to discovering optimal compositions for multi‐component mixtures under specific boundary conditions includes empirical trial and error and is seen as a protracted and inefficient endeavor. Conversely, leveraging machine learning might afford a streamlined and confident resolution to this challenge. This investigation elucidates the requisite strategies for maximizing the efficiency of material property optimization through the application of Bayesian optimization and active learning. Illustratively, the study demonstrates the proficient optimization of the glass transition temperature within a four‐component epoxy resin system. This optimization is conducted across varying ranges of bio‐content and cost considerations. The study underscores the utility of machine learning in achieving this task with notable efficiency. The efficacy of least squares, kernel ridge regression, Gaussian process regression, and artificial neural networks, is meticulously evaluated through comprehensive seven‐fold cross‐validation and validated against experimental data.
A green mediated synthesis of glass fiber‐nickel ferrite‐ polyaniline ternary composite: An excellent thermal stability and outstanding electromagnetic interference shielding performance
Authors: Chandran Shine R. , Krishnan Raji R. , Johnson Elizabath , Prema K. H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present study reports the preparation of a ternary composite with enhanced shielding performance toward electromagnetic waves using in situ polymerization of aniline on fiber‐ferrite binary composite. The polymerization is carried out in a green medium lime juice, which acts as an efficient dopant. The composite is amalgamated with varying weight percentages of ferrite (ranging from 25% to 100%) while maintaining a constant weight percentage of fiber. The presence of the fiber in the binary and ternary composite could enhance the thermal stability of the material, highlighting its applicability in a wide range of temperatures. The DC conductivity, AC conductivity, and dielectric properties are investigated, revealing significant performance enhancements. The ternary composite demonstrates excellent conductivity in the range of 10−210−1 S/cm, attributed to the polaron/bi‐polaron interaction paradigm. Furthermore, the electromagnetic interference shielding, microwave absorption, and reflection capabilities of the composites are assessed within the frequency range of 8–12 GHz. The optimized composite, featuring aniline (0.4 M) and glass fiber with ferrite in a 1:1 ratio, exhibits an outstanding shielding value of 32 dB. These results point toward the potential of this ternary composite material as an effective shield against electromagnetic pollution.