bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of N‐linked glycoproteins in human milk by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Picariello Gianluca , Ferranti Pasquale , Mamone Gianfranco , Roepstorff Peter , Addeo Francesco 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBreastfeeding is now generally recognized as a critical factor in protecting newborns against infections. An important mechanism responsible for the antibacterial and antiviral effects of breast milk is the prevention of pathogen adhesion to host cell membranes mediated by a number of glycoconjugates, also including glycoproteins. A number of approaches to describe the complexity of human milk proteome have provided only a partial characterization of restricted classes of N‐linked glycoproteins. To achieve this objective, profiling N‐linked glycoproteins of human milk was performed by Hydrophilic Interaction LC (HILIC) and MS analysis. Glycopeptides were selectively enriched from the protein tryptic digest of human milk samples. Oligosaccharide‐free peptides obtained by peptide N‐glycosidase F (PNGase F) treatment were characterized by a shotgun MS‐based approach, allowing the identification of N‐glycosylated sites localized on proteins. Using this strategy, 32 different glycoproteins were identified and 63 N‐glycosylated sites encrypted in them were located. The glycoproteins include immunocompetent factors, membrane fat globule‐associated proteins, enzymes involved in lipid degradation and cell differentiation, specific receptors, and other gene products with still unknown functions.
Improvements of TArgeted multiplex mass spectrometry IMaging
Authors: Thiery Gwendoline , Anselmi Elsa , Audebourg Anne , Darii Ekaterina , Abarbri Mohamed , Terris Benoît , Tabet Jean‐Claude , Gut Ivo G. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMALDI mass spectrometers have become popular tools for imaging histological sections. Currently this technology is primarily used for imaging naturally occurring molecules. Here we report on the improvement of TArgeted multiplex MS IMaging (TAMSIM) technology. For TAMSIM we attach photocleavable mass tags to antibodies. Staining histological sections is done analogously to standard immunohistochemical procedures with chemiluminescent or fluorescent detection with the sole difference that multiple antibodies each with a distinct mass tag are used in a single reaction. Mass tags are released from their respective antibodies by a laser pulse at 355 nm without added matrix. After scanning, MS images are created for each tag mass. The enhancements of TAMSIM presented here relate to four elements, the use of an improved generation of tags, their conjugation directly to primary antibodies, the comparison of fresh frozen sections with paraffin embedded ones for the TAMSIM imaging technology and finally, the increase of multiplex detection. Sections of healthy human pancreatic tissue were imaged to visualize different specific biomarkers (synaptophysin, chromogranin, insulin, calcitonin, somatostatin) in neuroendocrine cells of Langerhans islets. The aim was to localize these biomarkers on the tissue sections simultaneously.
Methods for the analysis of the composition of bone tissue, with a focus on imaging mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS)
Authors: Malmberg Per , Nygren Håkan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe review describes methods available for analyzing mineralization of bone tissue in healing of fractures and implants in bone. The recent development of imaging MS, TOF‐secondary ion MS (SIMS), enabling localization of hydroxyapatite (HA) in tissue samples will be presented in some detail. We strongly believe that imaging MS has the potential of becoming an important method for the studies of bone mineralization. Formation and mineralization of bone tissue with HA is a process controlled by cells, the osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Formation, de novo, of bone in embryonic tissue takes place in extracellular areas within cell clusters that regulate the environment of the mineralization zone. The process of de novo formation of bone as in embryonic tissue is reactivated in adults for example during fracture healing, with or without the presence of bone implants. Thus, bone healing is one of few examples of scar‐free healing of a differentiated tissue. Much of the interest of researchers in bone mineralization stems from a desire to influence the process of bone formation towards fast and endurable bone healing. There is also a wish to understand the pathogenesis of bone diseases, for example osteogenesis imperfecta, Turner's syndrome and osteoporosis.
Theoretical investigation of an unusual substituent effect on the dienophilicity of >CP functionality present in 2‐phosphaindolizines
Authors: Bansal Raj K. , Gupta Neelima , Dixit Govind , Kumawat Surendra K. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractEffect of the number and positions of the methoxycarbonyl substituents in 2‐phosphaindolizine on the feasibility of its Diels–Alder (DA) reaction with 1,3‐butadiene has been investigated theoretically at the density functional theory (DFT) level. Among the series of four differently substituted 2‐phosphaindolizines, 3‐methoxycarbonyl‐2‐phosphaindolizine does not undergo the DA reaction due to the highest activation barrier (29.49 kcal mol−1) and endothermicity, whereas the activation barrier of the corresponding reaction of 1,3‐bis(methoxycarbonyl)‐2‐phosphaindolizine is lowest (22.43 kcal mol−1) with exothermicity making it possible to occur. This reactivity trend is corroborated by FMO energy gaps as well as by global electrophilicity powers of the reactants. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of polyaniline/multiwall carbon nanotube composite via inverse emulsion polymerization
Authors: Kim Duk Ki , Wha Oh Kyung , Kim Seong Hun 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe composite of polyaniline (PANI) and multiwall carbon nanotube carboxylated through acid treatment (c‐MWCNT) was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization in an inverse emulsion system. The resultant composites were compared with products from aqueous emulsion polymerization to observe the improvements in electrical conductivity, structural properties, and thermal stability obtained by this synthetic method. Prior to the inverse emulsion polymerization, MWCNT was treated with a strong acid mixture to be functionalized with carboxylic acid groups. Carboxylic acid groups on surfaces induced selective dispersibility between polar and nonpolar solvents because of the increase of hydrophilicity. As the content of c‐MWCNT was increased, the electrical conductivity was increased by a charge transport function from the intrinsic electrical conductivity of MWCNT and the formation of a highly ordered dense structure of PANI molecules on the surface of c‐MWCNT. The images observed with electron spectroscopy showed the capping of c‐MWCNT with PANI. The growth of additional ordered structures of PANI/c‐MWCNT composite, which was observed through wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction patterns, supported the capping by PANI. It was observed that the doping of the composite had a significant relationship with the concentration of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA). The thermal stability of PANI composite was improved by the addition of c‐MWCNT; this was thought to be related with structure ordering by inverse emulsion polymerization. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2255–2266, 2008
Different Ways to Plasma‐Polymerize HMDSO in DBD Configuration at Atmospheric Pressure for Corrosion Protection
Authors: Bour Jérôme , Bardon Julien , Aubriet Hugues , Del Frari Doriane , Verheyde Bert , Dams Roel , Vangeneugden Dirk , Ruch David 
Published: September 2008

AbstractOrganosilicon layers were deposited on galvanized steel to give a protective coating against corrosion. HMDSO was atomized and injected into a DBD plasma at atmospheric pressure. Plasma‐polymerized HMDSO layers were different when HMDSO nanodroplets reacted directly in the plasma area or when such droplets reacted with the plasma once deposited on the surface. Addition of a plasma curing step was also studied. Influence of the deposition method on the properties of ppHMDSO layers was also studied. Layer structure was measured by SEM and interferometry, and its chemical structure was analyzed by FTIR and XPS. Corrosion resistance, which was measured by electrochemistry, was significantly increased when a plasma curing step was performed.magnified image
Methylaminosilane fed Inductively Coupled Plasmas for Silicon Nitride Deposition
Authors: Di Mundo Rosa , Palumbo Fabio , Fracassi Francesco , d'Agostino Riccardo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSilicon nitride‐like films can be deposited by inductively coupled discharges fed with dimethylaminosilanes without addition of reactive gases. At high input power fairly inorganic films can be obtained. In the present work in situ diagnostics of plasma phase, i.e. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IRAS) and optical emission spectroscopy (OES), have been utilized to investigate the deposition mechanism of bis(dimethylamino)dimethylsilane (BDMADMS) fed discharges. Results indicate that the monomer undergoes a pronounced depletion even at low input power and that fragmentation increases with increasing this parameter. The main fragmentation steps seem to involve the cleavage of the SiN bond and the conversion of the –NMe2 group.magnified image
Annual assessment spirometry, plethysmography, and gas transfer in cystic fibrosis: Do they predict death or transplantation
Authors: Rosenthal Mark 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAimThe long‐ and short‐term prognostic value of pediatric spirometry, plethysmography, and gas transfer measurements in cystic fibrosis (CF) were assessed.MethodsTwo hundred ninety‐eight children with CF and ≥4 annual assessment lung function measurements at a single institution were analyzed in mid childhood. Long‐term outcome was death or lung transplantation (D/T) before 2007. Short‐term outcome was forced expired volume in one second (FEV1) z‐score 1 year after the previous lung function measurements.Results26/298 had a D/T outcome at median 19.5 years. A zFEV1 < −2 aged 8 years had a positive predictive value of 67% (sensitivity 67%) for D/T in those homozygous for ΔF508 but zFEV1 at older ages and all genotypes was unhelpful. The ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity z‐score could also predict a few D/T individuals when zFEV1 was normal in mid childhood. Most other lung function measurements were not helpful. Matching D/T with alive groups for year of birth left prognostic utility unchanged. Only current zFEV1 could significantly predict zFEV1 1 year hence (56% variability explained, P < 0.00001); no other lung function, gender, age or nutrition factor was significant.ConclusionThe value of routine plethysmography and gas transfer measurements in CF is questionable in CF management. Detecting abnormal spirometry even at age 8 years may be too late to affect long‐term outcome. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:945–952. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thoracoscopic biopsy in children with diffuse parenchymal lung disease
Authors: Glüer Sylvia , Schwerk Nicolaus , Reismann Marc , Metzelder Martin L. , Nustede Rainer , Ure Benno M. , Gappa Monika 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLung biopsy is necessary for establishing the diagnosis in patients with otherwise unclassified diffuse or localized parenchymal lung disease. This study aimed to assess the safety and accuracy of video‐assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lung biopsy in children with diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD). In addition we aimed to evaluate the value of this technique with respect to the spectrum of diseases encountered, correlating histological diagnosis with treatment decisions and subsequent clinical outcome. Data from all patients (n = 21) who underwent surgical lung biopsy for suspected DPLD between March 2001 and August 2006 were collected prospectively. Median age was 3 years, 8 months (range 11 days to 15 years, 2 months). All lung biopsies were performed by VATS under general anesthesia. Median operative time was 45 min (range 25–100 min). Conversion to minithoracotomy due to cardiorespiratory difficulties was necessary in two young infants. There were no further intraoperative complications. In 8/21 children, a chest tube was inserted postoperatively for a median of 2 days (range 1–5 days). In one patient, prolonged air‐leakage was managed thoracoscopically on postoperative day 9. There were no other postoperative complications. The specimens were of adequate volume and quality and a histopathological diagnosis was obtained for all patients. There was a broad spectrum of different diagnoses which led to specific therapeutic decisions. Subsequent medical treatment was beneficial in the majority of the patients. In conclusion, VATS is a safe and effective procedure for diagnosis of children with suspected DPLD. Diagnostic accuracy is high, morbidity rates are low, and patients may benefit from avoiding thoracotomy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:992–996. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wilson–Mikity syndrome: Updated diagnostic criteria based on nine cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Hoepker Amy , Seear Michael , Petrocheilou Argyri , Hayes Don , Nair Arun , Deodhar Jayant , Kadam Sandeep , O'Toole John 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundNearly 50 years ago, Wilson and Mikity described a syndrome (WMS) of chronic lung disease (CLD) in premature infants, characterized by early development of cystic interstitial emphysema (PIE), despite minimal ventilatory support. The validity of the diagnosis is currently unclear; now considered either an anachronism, part of BPD spectrum or included within various poorly defined diagnoses such as chronic pulmonary insufficiency of prematurity (CPIP).ObjectivesTo define clinically useful diagnostic criteria for WMS so its position in the spectrum of CLD of infancy can be established.MethodsWe studied nine patients who fulfilled WMS criteria, combining this data with a detailed review of the available literature.ResultsDespite minimal respiratory support at birth, all developed generalized or lobar cystic PIE by 3 weeks of age, followed by slow inflammatory progression over a further 2–3 months. Final outcome was variable but most were left with some degree of CLD.ConclusionsWMS is a rare but clearly identifiable syndrome with significant morbidity, predominantly affecting infants below 1,500 g birth weight. The earliest pathology appears to be alveolar air leak. Inflammatory activation induced by cystic interstitial air may cause the subsequent progressive respiratory disease. Management is supportive but should include investigation for pulmonary hypertension. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1004–1012. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of body composition in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Wells Greg D. , Heale Liane , Schneiderman Jane E. , Wilkes Donna L. , Atenafu Eshetu , Coates Allan L. , Ratjen Felix 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRationaleCystic fibrosis (CF) leads to pathological changes in organs that express the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), including secretory cells of the digestive tract and the pancreas. Maintaining nutritional sufficiency is challenging for CF patients and therefore accurate monitoring is important for their clinical management.PurposeThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of skinfold measurements as an accurate method for determining body composition (fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM)) of this population, using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as a gold standard comparison and to determine the most accurate equation for this calculation in children with CF.MethodsFifty‐five pediatric patients with CF participated in the study. FM and LBM calculated via four methods: Slaughter, Durnin, Durenberg (2‐site and 4‐site). The relationship between the methods and DEXA results were estimated by intraclass‐correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland and Altman analyses.ResultsThe Slaughter method was the most accurate (ICC of 0.92 for FM and 0.99 for LBM) and displayed the least bias over the range of FM and LBM in CF patients. In addition, the results of Bland Altman analyses comparing each skinfold method to DEXA, revealed that the results were evenly distributed along the range of values for the Slaughter calculation, whereas the other three methods under and over estimated % fat results at the upper and lower ends of the range respectively.ConclusionWe therefore conclude that the Slaughter method may be used for body composition assessment of pediatric CF patients. This provides clinical teams with a simple, accurate and non‐invasive method that can be used to monitor nutritional status in pediatric patients with CF. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1025–1032. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Ab Initio Theoretical Study of 2,4,6‐Trinitro‐1,3,5‐Triazine, 3,6‐Dinitro‐1,2,4,5‐Tetrazine, and 2,5,8‐Trinitro‐Tri‐s‐Triazine
Authors: Li Jinshan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn order to evaluate 2,4,6‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (TNTAz), 3,6‐dinitro‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine (DNTAz), and 2,5,8‐trinitro‐tri‐s‐triazine (TNTsTAz), the geometries of these compounds have been fully optimized employing the B3LYP density functional method and the AUG‐cc‐pVDZ basis set. The accurate gas phase enthalpies of formation have been obtained by using the atomization procedure and designing isodesmic reactions in which the parent rings are not destroyed. Based on B3LYP/AUG‐cc‐pVDZ calculated geometries and natural charges, the crystal structures have been predicted using the Karfunkel–Gdanitz method. Computed results show that there exists extended conjugation over the parent rings of these compounds. More energy content is reserved in DNTAz than in both TNTAz and TNTsTAz. The title compounds are much more sensitive than 1,3,5‐trinitrobenzene. The calculated detonation velocity of DNTAz reaches 9.73–9.88 km s−1, being larger than those of CL‐20 and TNTAz. TNTsTAz has no advantage over the widely used energetic compounds such as RDX and HMX.
Synthesis and Characterization of Glycidyl Azide‐r‐(3,3‐bis(azidomethyl)oxetane) Copolymers
Authors: Kawamoto Aparecida M. , Holanda J. A. Saboia , Barbieri Ugo , Polacco Giovanni , Keicher Thomas , Krause Horst , Kaiser Manfred 
Published: September 2008

AbstractGlycidyl azide‐r‐(3,3‐bis(azidomethyl)oxetane) copolymers were synthesized by cationic copolymerization of epichlorohydrin and 3,3‐bis(bromomethyl)oxetane, using butane‐1,4‐diol as an initiator and boron trifluoride etherate as a catalyst, followed by azidation of the halogenated copolymer. The main objective of this work is the preparation of an OH‐terminated amorphous polymer with energetic content higher than that of the well‐known glycidyl azide homopolymer. The effect of experimental conditions, i.e., the rate of monomer feeding, on the final molecular weight and functionality of the copolymer has also been investigated. The obtained copolymers were extensively characterized to determine their composition and thermal stability. The heat of reaction for the polymerization of the halogenated key precursors has also been measured. It was found that even though both the operating conditions and the catalytic system were chosen in order to favor a living character of the polymerization, the final product seems to be the result of a combined living and active chain end mechanism. In particular, the latter is responsible for the formation of oligomers and not hydroxyl‐terminated chains. Nevertheless, the average number of OH groups is high enough to allow a cross‐linking of the polymeric chains, by addition of polyisocyanates and subsequent formation of inter‐chain urethanic bonds.
Combustion Behaviour of Melt‐Castable Explosives from Azetidine Family
Authors: Sinditskii Valery P. , Egorshev Viacheslav Y. , Berezin Maxim V. , Rudakov Gennady F. , Ladonin Alexander V. , Katorov Dmitriy V. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractCombustion behaviours of melt‐castable explosives from azetidine family, 1,3,3‐trinitroazetidine (TNAZ), 3‐azido‐1‐nitroazetidine (AZNAZ) and 3‐azido‐1,3‐dinitroazetidine (AZDNAZ) have been studied. Burning rate measurements have been performed in a constant‐pressure bomb in the pressure range of 0.1–30 MPa. A pressure interval has been found within which pressed AZNAZ samples were incapable of sustained burning. Temperature profiles in the combustion wave of TNAZ, AZDNAZ and AZNAZ were measured using thin tungsten–rhenium thermocouples. Thermocouple‐aided measurements allowed the determination of the temperature dependence of TNAZ and AZDNAZ vapour pressure in a wide temperature interval, the boiling points at atmospheric pressure and the heat of evaporation. Combustion mechanisms of the energetic materials studied are discussed.
The Low‐Temperature High‐Pressure Phase Diagram of Energetic Materials: I. Hexahydro‐1,3,5‐Trinitro‐s‐Triazine
Authors: Ciezak Jennifer A. , Jenkins Timothy A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe reaction phase diagram of hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐s‐triazine (RDX) has been studied as a function of temperature and pressure by Raman spectroscopy to 29 GPa and temperatures ranging from 4 to 298 K. Three stable phases (α, γ, and δ) have been found and their phase stabilities have been investigated. Phase boundaries were studied as a function of pressure and temperature, permitting a delineation of the various polymorph stability fields. A pressure–temperature reaction/phase diagram is constructed from the results of this study and compared to previous high temperature work.
Molecular analysis of multifocal prostate cancer by comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Kobayashi Masayuki , Ishida Haruna , Shindo Takayuki , Niwa Shin‐ichiro , Kino Mika , Kawamura Koji , Kamiya Naoto , Imamoto Takashi , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Hirokawa Yoshifumi , Shiraishi Taizo , Tanizawa Tohru , Nakatani Yukio , Ichikawa Tomohiko 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer is often multifocal and shows histological heterogeneity among different tumor foci within the same prostate. We analyzed the origin and molecular basis of multifocal prostate cancer and genomic alterations associated with tumor progression.METHODSWe examined 45 multifocal prostate cancer foci from 22 radical prostatectomy specimens by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Laser capture microdissection (LCM) was used to gather cancer cells from frozen prostate specimens.RESULTSFrequent chromosomal alternations were losses of 2q21–24 (22.2%), 6q14‐22 (60.0%), 8p12–22 (35.6%), 13q14–31 (44.4%) and 16q13–24 (24.4%) and gains of 8q21.3–24.3 (37.8%) and 7q21–33 (20.0%). Frequency of losses of 8p12–22 and 16q13–24 and gains of 8q21.3–24.3 were significantly higher in tumors with high Gleason score (GS) than in those with low GS (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively). Tumors with losses of 8p12–22 or 13q14–31 displayed larger volume than those without such losses (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). In comparison between different tumor foci within the same prostate, chromosomal alterations did not show completely the same pattern between any tumor foci, except for one case in which two of the three foci displayed no chromosomal abnormalities. More malignant tumors (high GS or extracapsular invasion) displayed significantly higher frequency of losses of 8p12–22 (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that tumor foci within the same prostate represent independent tumors with differing clonal origin and that loss of 8p12–22 represents an important determinant of prostate cancer progression. Prostate © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.