bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term effect of extreme temperature on cognitive function of middle‐aged and older adults in China
Authors: Ye Zirong , Li Xueru , Lang Haoxiang , Xin Jiawei , Xu Haibin , Fang Ya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have explored the association between temperature and cognitive function. However, few studies have examined the effect of extreme temperature on cognitive function. In this study, we aimed to quantify the long‐term effect of extreme temperature (e.g., heat waves, cold spells, and hot night excess (HNE)) on cognitive performance in middle‐aged and older people in China.MethodWe investigated 7915 aged >45 years people from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), surveyed in 2011 and 2015. A structured questionnaire was utilized to assess cognitive function, including four dimensions: episodic memory, attention, orientation, and visuo‐construction. Hourly ambient temperature from the ERA5‐Land datasets were used to calculate variables indicating extreme temperature. We performed difference‐in‐difference (DID) models to assess the potential causal relationship between extreme temperature and cognitive function.ResultsNon‐linear analyses suggested that both sustained increases in temperature and excessive variability in temperature increased the risk of cognitive decline. Meanwhile, we observed the extra risk of global cognitive function decline was 2.3% (95% Confidence interval (95% CI): 0.2%, 4.4%) for heat waves (one unit increase) and 5.9% (95% CI: 0.6%, 11.6%) for HNE (one unit increase), while the association for cold spells was insignificant. Two cognitive dimensions, episodic memory and visuo‐construction, were sensitive to these two heat‐related factors.ConclusionExtreme temperature was inversely related to cognitive performance in middle‐aged and older adults, which was substantial for heat waves and HNE particularly. The effect size varied by cognitive dimensions.
Cavitron extraction of xylem water suggests cryogenic extraction biases vary across species but are independent of tree water stress
Authors: Duvert Clément , Barbeta Adrià , Hutley Lindsay B. , Rodriguez Leidy , Irvine Dylan J. , Taylor Andrew R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCryogenic vacuum distillation (CVD) is a widely used technique for extracting plant water from stems for isotopic analysis, but concerns about potential isotopic biases have emerged. Here, we leverage the Cavitron centrifugation technique to extract xylem water and compare its isotopic signature to that of CVD‐extracted bulk stem water as well as source water. Conducted under field conditions in tropical northern Australia, our study spans seven tree species naturally experiencing a range of water stress levels. Our findings reveal a significant deuterium bias in CVD‐extracted bulk stem water when compared to xylem water (median bias −14.9‰), whereas xylem water closely aligned with source water (median offset −1.9‰). We find substantial variations in deuterium bias among the seven tree species (bias ranging from −19.3‰ to −9.1‰), but intriguingly, CVD‐induced biases were unrelated to environmental factors such as relative stem water content and predawn leaf water potential. These results imply that inter‐specific differences may be driven by anatomical traits rather than tree hydraulic functioning. Additionally, our data highlight the potential to use a site‐specific deuterium offset, based on the isotopic signature of local source water, for correcting CVD‐induced biases.
Distribution, trends and drivers of precipitation use efficiency in the loess plateau
Authors: Shi Xiaoliang , Zhang Dan , Ding Hao , Chen Xi , Zhang Jie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAgainst the background of climate change, the global carbon and water cycle has undergone significant changes, and it is of great significance to explore the interrelationships of the carbon and water cycles in different regions to cope with future climate change. In this study, based on gross primary productivity (GPP) and precipitation (PRE) data, the precipitation use efficiency (PUE) of the Loess Plateau (LP) was calculated, and the Sen trend analysis and Mann‐Kendall test were used to analyse the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of PUE, as well as the first‐order difference method was used to derive the relative contributions to quantify the impact of vegetation growth and meteorological factors on PUE. The results show that (1) from 2001 to 2018, the spatial distribution pattern of vegetation PUE exhibited an increasing trend from northwest to southeast. On the time scale, the multi‐year average value of PUE was 1.17 gC m−2 mm−1, showing an overall upward trend. Among the different land cover types, paddy fields had the highest PUE level, and sparse grassland had the lowest; (2) LAI had the highest relative contribution to vegetation PUE, followed by temperature (Temp), net radiation of the ground surface (RN), specific humidity (Shum), and wind speed (WS). LAI contributes positively to 88.9% of the area. RN positively influences high‐altitude areas, while Shum had a larger area with a negative contribution. The contribution of Temp increases from northwest to southeast, and WS has balanced positive and negative contributions; (3) LAI is the dominant factor for the spatial and temporal variation of PUE in the LP, and the size of the areas where different meteorological factors dominate the changes of PUE are as follows: WS > Shum>RN > Temp. At high altitudes, the dominant meteorological driver is WS, while at low altitudes, the dominant climate driver is Shum. This study is of guiding significance for the ecological restoration and management of the LP, and it can also provide a scientific basis for the improvement of ecosystems and the sustainable management of water resources in the context of global climate change.
Storage dynamics of ions on graphene
Authors: Guo Minghao , Ni Kun , Zhu Yanwu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCarbon has been widely utilized as electrode in electrochemical energy storage, relying on the interaction between ions and electrode. The performance of a carbon electrode is determined by a variety of factors including the structural features of carbon material and the behavior of ions adsorbed on the carbon surface in the specific environment. As the fundamental unit of graphitic carbons, graphene has been employed as a model to understand the energy storage mechanism of carbon materials through various experimental and computational methods, ex‐situ or in‐situ. In this article, we provide a succinct overview of the state‐of‐the‐art proceedings on the ion storage mechanism on graphene. Topics include the structure engineering of carbons, electric gating effect of ions, ion dynamics on the interface or in the confined space, and specifically lithium‐ion storage/reaction on graphene. Our aim is to facilitate the understanding of electrochemistry on carbon electrodes.
The distribution of parent‐reported attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and subclinical autistic traits in children with and without an ADHD diagnosis
Authors: Chau Tracey , Tiego Jeggan , Brown Louise E. , Mellahn Olivia J. , Johnson Beth P. , Arnatkeviciute Aurina , Fulcher Ben D. , Matthews Natasha , Bellgrove Mark A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAutistic traits are often reported to be elevated in children diagnosed with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the distribution of subclinical autistic traits in children with ADHD has not yet been established; knowing this may have important implications for diagnostic and intervention processes. The present study proposes a preliminary model of the distribution of parent‐reported ADHD and subclinical autistic traits in two independent samples of Australian children with and without an ADHD diagnosis.MethodsFactor mixture modelling was applied to Autism Quotient and Conners' Parent Rating Scale – Revised responses from parents of Australian children aged 6–15 years who participated in one of two independent studies.ResultsA 2‐factor, 2‐class factor mixture model with class varying factor variances and intercepts demonstrated the best fit to the data in both discovery and replication samples. The factors corresponded to the latent constructs of ‘autism’ and ‘ADHD’, respectively. Class 1 was characterised by low levels of both ADHD and autistic traits. Class 2 was characterised by high levels of ADHD traits and low‐to‐moderate levels of autistic traits. The classes were largely separated along diagnostic boundaries. The largest effect size for differences between classes on the Autism Quotient was on the Social Communication subscale.ConclusionsOur findings support the conceptualisation of ADHD as a continuum, whilst confirming the utility of current categorical diagnostic criteria. Results suggest that subclinical autistic traits, particularly in the social communication domain, are unevenly distributed across children with clinically significant levels of ADHD traits. These traits might be profitably screened for in assessments of children with high ADHD symptoms and may also represent useful targets for intervention.
The need for cannabis education in dental hygiene programs
Authors: Joffray Jennifer L. , Johnson Deborah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurpose/objectiveCannabis and the endocannabinoid system (ESC) are rarely included in training programs for healthcare providers. Knowledge within the medical and dental health professionals is lacking regarding the treatment of patients using medical or recreational cannabis. Patients are unaware of the risks associated with cannabis use, and healthcare providers should be prepared to assess, educate, and treat the patients who use cannabis. With the increased legalization and use of cannabis for medical and recreational purposes across the US, this study demonstrated the lack of cannabis education provided in dental hygiene programs.MethodsIn 2021, an online survey was conducted with 327 dental hygiene program directors. Respondents were asked to answer 26 questions.ResultsWith a 21% response rate and 100% completion rate, 60% of the participants responded that cannabis content was provided in their dental hygiene program, 38% responded with a “no,” and one responded with “I do not know.” No significant difference was found regardless of whether cannabis was legal in the state for medical or recreational use and whether the cannabis content was included in the dental hygiene curriculum.ConclusionsThe results indicate that every dental hygiene program should provide cannabis content, and each patient should receive a cannabis assessment at every dental hygiene appointment. Further research is required to identify standardized educational content on cannabis and the ESC, which will enable educators to teach students. The development and implementation of a standardized cannabis use assessment and the creation of standardized recommendations for patients who use cannabis to alleviate adverse oral health effects are important.
Evaluation of a virtual interprofessional oral‐systemic health simulation experience in nursing, dentistry, medicine, and pharmacy education
Authors: Roitman J , Haber J , Cipollina J , Feldman L , Fletcher J , Allen K , Crotty K , Kudlowitz D , Anderson M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeThe annual teaching oral‐systemic health (TOSH) virtual clinical simulation and case study activity exposes interprofessional teams of nurse practitioner, nurse midwifery, dental, medical, and pharmacy students to a virtual clinical simulation experience that uses oral‐systemic health as a clinical exemplar for promoting interprofessional core competencies. The present study examines changes in participating students’ self‐reported interprofessional competencies following participation in virtual TOSH from 2020 to 2022. These findings are also compared to those from in‐person TOSH (2019) to examine the equivalence of student outcomes of both the in‐person and virtual programs.MethodsA pre‐ and post‐test evaluation design was used to examine the effectiveness of exposure to the TOSH program on self‐reported attainment of interprofessional competencies for participating students using the interprofessional collaborative competency attainment scale.ResultsAnalysis of pre‐ and post‐surveys demonstrated statistically significant improvement in students’ self‐rated interprofessional experience competencies following the virtual TOSH program, which aligns with results from the in‐person cohorts. Similar findings between the in‐person and virtual cohorts indicated no statistically significant difference between the two formats.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate the success of TOSH in promoting attainment of interprofessional competencies among future health professionals. We encourage administrators and faculty who lead health professional programs to take advantage of using virtual simulations as an integral component of interprofessional oral health clinical experiences where students from different health professions learn from and about each other in assessing and treating patients across the lifespan.
Automated Quality Evaluation Index for Arterial Spin Labeling Derived Cerebral Blood Flow Maps
Authors: Dolui Sudipto , Wang Ze , Wolf Ronald L. , Nabavizadeh Ali , Xie Long , Tosun Duygu , Nasrallah Ilya M. , Wolk David A. , Detre John A. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2024

BackgroundArterial spin labeling (ASL) derived cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps are prone to artifacts and noise that can degrade image quality.PurposeTo develop an automated and objective quality evaluation index (QEI) for ASL CBF maps.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationData from N = 221 adults, including patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injury.Field Strength/SequencePulsed or pseudocontinuous ASL acquired at 3 T using non‐background suppressed 2D gradient‐echo echoplanar imaging or background suppressed 3D spiral spin‐echo readouts.AssessmentThe QEI was developed using N = 101 2D CBF maps rated as unacceptable, poor, average, or excellent by two neuroradiologists and validated by 1) leave‐one‐out cross validation, 2) assessing if CBF reproducibility in N = 53 cognitively normal adults correlates inversely with QEI, 3) if iterative discarding of low QEI data improves the Cohen's d effect size for CBF differences between preclinical AD (N = 27) and controls (N = 53), 4) comparing the QEI with manual ratings for N = 50 3D CBF maps, and 5) comparing the QEI with another automated quality metric.Statistical TestsInter‐rater reliability and manual vs. automated QEI were quantified using Pearson's correlation. P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe correlation between QEI and manual ratings (R = 0.83, CI: 0.76–0.88) was similar (P = 0.56) to inter‐rater correlation (R = 0.81, CI: 0.73–0.87) for the 2D data. CBF reproducibility correlated negatively (R = −0.74, CI: −0.84 to −0.59) with QEI. The effect size comparing patients and controls improved (R = 0.72, CI: 0.59–0.82) as low QEI data was discarded iteratively. The correlation between QEI and manual ratings (R = 0.86, CI: 0.77–0.92) of 3D ASL was similar (P = 0.09) to inter‐rater correlation (R = 0.78, CI: 0.64–0.87). The QEI correlated (R = 0.87, CI: 0.77–0.92) significantly better with manual ratings than did an existing approach (R = 0.54, CI: 0.30–0.72).Data ConclusionAutomated QEI performed similarly to manual ratings and can provide scalable ASL quality control.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 1
Advancements in the study of synaptic plasticity and mitochondrial autophagy relationship
Authors: Zhu Yousong , Hui Qinlong , Zhang Zheng , Fu Hao , Qin Yali , Zhao Qiong , Li Qinqing , Zhang Junlong , Guo Lei , He Wenbin , Han Cheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSynapses serve as the points of communication between neurons, consisting primarily of three components: the presynaptic membrane, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic membrane. They transmit signals through the release and reception of neurotransmitters. Synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to undergo structural and functional changes, is influenced by proteins such as growth‐associated proteins, synaptic vesicle proteins, postsynaptic density proteins, and neurotrophic growth factors. Furthermore, maintaining synaptic plasticity consumes more than half of the brain's energy, with a significant portion of this energy originating from ATP generated through mitochondrial energy metabolism. Consequently, the quantity, distribution, transport, and function of mitochondria impact the stability of brain energy metabolism, thereby participating in the regulation of fundamental processes in synaptic plasticity, including neuronal differentiation, neurite outgrowth, synapse formation, and neurotransmitter release. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the proteins associated with presynaptic plasticity, postsynaptic plasticity, and common factors between the two, as well as the relationship between mitochondrial energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity.
Moment arm and torque generating capacity of semitendinosus following tendon harvesting for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A simulation study
Authors: du Moulin William , Bourne Matthew , Diamond Laura E. , Konrath Jason , Vertullo Christopher , Saxby David J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAltered semitendinosus (ST) morphology and distal tendon insertion following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may reduce knee flexion torque generating capacity of the hamstrings via impaired ST force generation and/or moment arm. This study used a computational musculoskeletal model to simulate mechanical consequences of tendon harvest for ACLR on ST function by modeling changes in ST muscle tendon insertion point, moment arm, and torque generating capacity across a physiological range of motion. Simulated ST function was then compared between ACLR and uninjured contralateral limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging from 18 individuals with unilateral history of ACLR involving a hamstring autograft was used to analyse bilateral hamstring muscle (ST, semimembranosus, bicep femoris long head and short head) morphology and distal ST tendon insertion. The ACLR cohort was sub‐grouped into those with and without ST regeneration. For each participant with ST regeneration (n = 7), a personalized musculoskeletal model was created including postoperative remodeling of ST using OpenSim 4.1. Knee flexion and internal rotation moment arms and torque generating capacities of hamstrings were evaluated. Bilateral differences were calculated with an asymmetry index (%) ([unaffected limb–affected limb]/[unaffected limb + affected limb]*100%). Smaller moment arms or knee torques within injured compared to uninjured contralateral limbs were considered a deficit. Compared to uninjured contralateral limbs, ACLR limbs with tendon regeneration (n = 7) had minor reductions in knee flexion (5.80% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.97–7.62]) and internal rotation (4.92% [95% CI = 2.77–7.07]) moment arms. Decoupled from muscle morphology, altered ST moment arms in ACLR limbs with tendon regeneration resulted in negligible deficits in knee flexion (1.20% [95% CI = 0.34–2.06]) and internal rotation (0.24% [95% CI = 0.22–0.26]) torque generating capacity compared to uninjured contralateral limbs. Coupled with muscle morphology, ACLR limbs with tendon regeneration had substantial deficits in knee flexion (19.32% [95% CI = 18.35–20.28]) and internal rotation (15.49% [95% CI = 14.56–16.41]) torques compared to uninjured contralateral limbs. Personalized musculoskeletal models with measures of ST distal insertion and muscle morphology provided unique insights into post‐ACLR ST and hamstring function. Deficits in knee flexor and internal rotation moment arms and torque generating capacities were evident in those with ACLR even when tendon regeneration occurred. Future studies may wish to implement this framework in personalized musculoskeletal models following ACLR to better understand individual muscle function for injury prevention and treatment evaluation.
Patellar tendon biomechanical and morphologic properties and their relationship to serum clinical variables in persons with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Patel Shivam H. , Campbell Nathan W. C. , Emenim Chinonso E. , Farino Dominick O. , Damen Frederick W. , Rispoli Joseph V. , Goergen Craig J. , Haus Jacob M. , Sabbaghi Arman , Carroll Chad C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTendon biomechanical properties and fibril organization are altered in patients with diabetes compared to healthy individuals, yet few biomarkers have been associated with in vivo tendon properties. We investigated the relationships between in vivo imaging‐based tendon properties, serum variables, and patient characteristics across healthy controls (n = 14, age: 45 ± 5 years, body mass index [BMI]: 24 ± 1, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]: 5.3 ± 0.1%), prediabetes (n = 14, age: 54 ± 5 years, BMI: 29 ± 2; HbA1c: 5.7 ± 0.1), and type 2 diabetes (n = 13, age: 55 ± 3 years, BMI: 33 ± 2, HbA1c: 6.7 ± 0.3). We used ultrasound speckle‐tracking and measurements from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to estimate the patellar tendon in vivo tangent modulus. Analysis of plasma c‐peptide, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), adiponectin, leptin, insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) was completed. We built regression models incorporating statistically significant covariates and indicators for the clinically defined groups. We found that tendon cross‐sectional area normalized to body weight (BWN CSA) and modulus were lower in patients with type 2 diabetes than in healthy controls (p < 0.05). Our regression analysis revealed that a model that included BMI, leptin, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), age, and group explained ~70% of the variability in BWN CSA (R2 = 0.70, p < 0.001). For modulus, including the main effects LDL, groups, HbA1c, age, BMI, cholesterol, IGF‐1, c‐peptide, leptin, and IL‐6, accounted for ~54% of the variability in modulus (R2 = 0.54, p < 0.05). While BWN CSA and modulus were lower in those with diabetes, group was a poor predicter of tendon properties when considering the selected covariates. These data highlight the multifactorial nature of tendon changes with diabetes and suggest that blood variables could be reliable predictors of tendon properties.