bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry: The Unexpected Choice of Receptors by Guest Molecules
Authors: de Bruin Bas , Hauwert Peter , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions with a Dynamic Library of Chiral Tropos Phosphorus Ligands
Authors: Gennari Cesare , Monti Chiara , Piarulli Umberto 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
α1‐Adrenoceptor Subtypes and α1‐Adrenoceptor Antagonists
Authors: Muramatsu Ikunobu , Suzuki Fumiko , Tanaka Takashi , Yamamoto Hatsumi , Morishima Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Peroxide Oxidation of Arabinogalactan: Kinetics and Products
Authors: Monakov Yu. B. , Borisov I. M. , Zimin Yu. S. , Mudarisova R. Kh. , Shirokova E. N. , Tolstikova T. G. , Medvedeva S. A. , Zaikov G. E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of Modified RNA Sequences for Biological Research
Authors: Pitsch Stefan , Ackermann Damian , Denarie Cyrille , Meylan Frederic , Meyyappan Muthulaniappan , Muller Evelyne , Peer Andreas , Porcher Sebastien , Reymond Luc , Stutz Alfred , et al. et al. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Antibody Microarrays: The Crucial Impact of Mass Transport on Assay Kinetics and Sensitivity
Authors: Kusnezow Wlad , Syagailo Yana V. , Goychuk Igor , Hoheisel Joerg D. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Statistical Thermodynamic Model of the Protein Ensemble
Authors: Hilser Vincent J. , Garcia‐Moreno E. Bertrand , Oas Terrence G. , Kapp Greg , Whitten Steven T. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectral Characteristics of Polyamide Containing 1,4,7,10‐Tetraazacyclododecane
Authors: Qiao Ren‐Zhong , Zhang Zhen , Ju Yong , Xia Chuan‐Qin , Yu Xiao‐Qi , Zhao Yu‐Fen 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe study of the fragmentations of the protonated molecular species [M+H]+ and selected fragment ions allowed proposals for the main fragmentation pathways of the title compound. In order to better understand the fragmentation pathways, the MS3 and MS4 spectra of the title compound were obtained. The main fragmentation pathways occur by the cleavage of the C–CO bonds between N‐methylpyrrole and carbonyl groups, CO–NH amide bonds, NH–C bonds between the NH groups and the N‐methylpyrrole rings, and N–C bonds in 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane. Electrospray ionization was proven to be a good method for the structural characterization and identification of this kind of compound.
Transfer of Chirality in Complexes with D3 Symmetry: Kinetics of the Formation Reaction of Chiral Tris[O,O′‐bis(2‐methylbutyl)dithiophosphato]chromium(III) Complexes (Λ,Δ)‐[Cr{(±)‐Mebdtp}3], Δ‐(+)589‐ and Λ‐(–)589‐[Cr{(+)‐(S)(S)‐Mebdtp}3]
Authors: Biscarini Paolo , Benedetti Michele , Kuroda Reiko , Ferranti Francesco 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe formation reaction of chiral racemic and diastereoisomeric title complexes, (Λ,Δ)‐[Cr{(±)‐Mebdtp}3] and Λ‐(–)589‐[Cr{(+)‐(S)(S)‐Mebdtp}3], was monitored by absorption, UV/Vis, and circular dichroism, CD, spectroscopy, in the presence of either an excess of the racemic, (±)‐Mebdtp–, or the enantiopure ligand, (+)‐(S)(S)‐Mebdtp– = O,O′‐bis[(+)‐(S)‐2‐methylbutyl] dithiophosphate ion, at 25 °C in various solvents (ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform/ethanol, 9:1) and at various pH values and reactant concentrations. The kinetics of the formation reaction of the racemic complex, (Λ,Δ)‐[Cr{(±)‐Mebdtp}3], shows three consecutive reaction steps. The relative pseudo first‐order rate constants depend in different ways on the ligand and H+ concentrations. Circular dichroism measurements during the formation reaction using the enantiopure ligand, as well as in the final equilibrium state, show a prevalence of the Λ‐(–)589‐[Cr{(+)‐(S)(S)‐Mebdtp}3] over the Δ‐(+)589‐[Cr{(+)‐(S)(S)‐Mebdtp}3] diastereoisomer in all solvents used. A mechanism is proposed which involves two parallel pathways each consisting of three consecutive reactions of solvent substitution by a chiral chelated ligand, interconnected by some reversible inversion reactions to obtain in solution the thermodynamic and kinetic Λ‐(–)589‐[Cr{(+)‐(S)(S)‐Mebdtp}3] as the major diastereoisomeric compound. From the equilibrated solution the more stable solid (Λ,Δ)‐[Cr{(+)‐(S)(S)‐Mebdtp}3] crystallizes as a ca. 1:1 compound of a pair of the two diastereoisomers, undergoing a crystallization‐induced second‐order asymmetric transformation. Δ‐[Cr{(+)‐(S)(S)‐Mebdtp}3] is the thermodynamically stable diastereoisomer in the solid state, though in solution this inverts to the more stable Λ‐(–)589‐[Cr{(+)‐(S)(S)‐Mebdtp}3].(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Zinc Complexes of Amine Mono(phenolate) [NOO2] Ligands: Controlling Coordination Modes by Bulk of Phenolate Substituents (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 14/2006)
Authors: Groysman Stanislav , Sergeeva Ekaterina , Goldberg Israel , Kol Moshe 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe cover picture shows the two types of complexes formed by the reaction of diethylzinc and tripodal monoanionic amine mono(phenolate) ligand precursors bearing two methoxy sidearm donors. The ligand precursor bearing bulky (tBu) phenolate substituents leads cleanly to a mono(ethyl) mononuclear zinc complex in which the two methoxy sidearm donors are bound to the metal atom as confirmed by spectroscopic data and X‐ray structure analysis. The ligand precursors bearing less bulky phenolate substituents lead cleanly to dinuclear pentacoordinate complexes that are bridged by phenolate oxygen atoms, and only one of the two sidearm donors is bound. Details are discussed in the article by M. Kol et al. on p. 2739 ff.
Theory of trapped polaritons in patterned microcavities
Authors: Lugan Pierre , Sarchi Davide , Savona Vincenzo 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe consider the system of a quantum well embedded in a planar semiconductor microcavity with a shallow circular mesa patterned on top of the cavity spacer. For this system we develop the linear coupling theory of polaritons. We then compute polariton eigenstates and the corresponding optical spectrum. The theory predicts the existence of laterally confined polariton states with a discrete energy spectrum, as well as continuum states above the finite mesa potential barrier. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Monte Carlo analysis of electronic noise in semiconductors under sub‐terahertz cyclostationary mixed fields
Authors: Capizzo M. C. , Persano Adorno D. , Zarcone M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper reports the results of Monte Carlo simulations of electronic noise in a GaAs bulk driven by two mixed high‐frequency large‐amplitude periodic electric fields. Under these conditions, the system response shows some peculiarities in the noise performance, such as a resonant‐like enhancement of the spectra near the two frequencies of the applied fields. The relations among the frequency response and the velocity fluctuations as a function of intensities and frequencies of the sub‐terahertz mixed excitation fields have been investigated. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Proximal Convoluted Tubule is a Target for the Uroguanylin‐regulated Natriuretic Response
Authors: Elitsur Noeet , Lorenz John N. , Hawkins Jennifer A. , Rudolph Jeffrey A. , Witte David , Yang Li E. , McDonough Alicia A. , Cohen Mitchell B. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTObjectives and Methods:Guanylin and uroguanylin are peptides synthesized in the intestine and kidney that are postulated to have both paracrine and endocrine functions, forming a potential enteric‐renal link to coordinate salt ingestion with natriuresis. To explore the in vivo role of guanylin and uroguanylin in the regulation of sodium excretion, we used gene‐targeted mice in which the uroguanylin, guanylin or the peptide receptor guanylate cyclase C gene expression had been ablated.Results:Metabolic balance studies demonstrated that there was impaired excretion of a sodium load in uroguanylin (but not in guanylin or guanylate cyclase C) knockout mice. Uroguanylin‐dependent natriuresis occurred without an increase in circulating prouroguanylin. A distinct morphological phenotype was present in the proximal convoluted tubules of uroguanylin knockout animals after an enteral salt loading. Marked vacuolization of the proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cells was observed by using light and electron microscopy. There was also a change in the distribution of the sodium hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) after an enteral salt loading. In wild‐type animals, there was a partial redistribution of NHE3 from the villus fraction to the less accessible submicrovillus membrane compartment, but this effect was less apparent in uroguanylin knockout animals, presumably resulting in greater Na+/H+ exchange.Conclusions:Together, these findings further establish a role for uroguanylin in fluid homeostasis and support a role for uroguanylin as an integral component of a signaling mechanism that mediates changes in Na+ excretion in response to an enteral salt loading. Proximal tubular NHE3 activity is a possible target for uroguanylin‐mediated changes in Na+ excretion.
Aberrant maspin expression in human endometrial cancer
Authors: Murai Shinya , Maesawa Chihaya , Masuda Tomoyuki , Sugiyama Toru 
Published: July 2006

Maspin, a mammary serine protease inhibitor, was originally reported as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. The purpose of the present study was to examine maspin expression and evaluate its clinicopathological significance in endometrial cancer. We examined maspin expression immunohistochemically in 41 cases with endometrioid adenocarcinoma. DNA methylation status at the maspin promoter region was determined by the methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction method. Aberrant maspin expression was observed in 27 (66%) of 41 endometrioid adenocarcinomas but not in normal endometrial glands. Maspin immunoreactivity of the tumor cells varied in incidence and density among tumors. Positive staining was correlated significantly with the presence of squamous differentiation (presence vs absence = 11/11 [100%] vs 16/30 [53%], P < 0.05), and nuclear subcellular localization of maspin protein was also significantly associated with squamous differentiation (nuclear positive vs nuclear negative = 6/11 [54%] vs 2/30 [6.7%], P < 0.05). An inverse correlation between their immunoreactivity and methylation status was observed (P < 0.01). Three of the four cell lines established from endometrioid adenocarcinomas overexpressed maspin mRNA and its protein product. In a maspin‐negative cell line, maspin expression was induced by treatment with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine, a DNA demethylating agent. There was no significant correlation between maspin expression and any clinicopathlogical data. These findings suggest that maspin induced by DNA demethylation at the promoter region may contribute to squamous differentiation of tumor cells in endometrioid adenocarcinomas. (Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 883–888)
A Fiscal Price Tag for International Reserves*
Authors: Hauner David 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper examines the (quasi‐)fiscal impact of the (opportunity) cost of international reserves. It proposes a conceptual framework, with particular emphasis on two hitherto somewhat neglected aspects: a more appropriate measure of gross opportunity cost, and potential savings from lower external debt spreads that countries ‘buy’ by holding reserves. The framework is then applied to 100 countries over 1990–2004. The results suggest that a turning point has been reached in recent years: while most countries made money on their reserves during 1990–2001, most have been losing money during 2002–04.
Single Mothers in Various Living Arrangements:
Authors: Folk Karen Fox 
Published: July 2006

Abstract.The economic status of single mothers with dependent children has recently been shown to vary greatly according to their living arrangements, a finding with implications for poverty policy and welfare reform. The economic and time resources of single mothers in various living arrangements were compared using the 1987 National Survey of Families and Households, Cohabitation is significantly related to increased income adequacy and lesser receipt of public assistance for white mothers, but not for black mothers. Living in the parent's home is significantly related to a reduced likelihood of receipt of public assistance for both white and black single mothers, but living with parents is related to lesser time demands in household work for only white single mothers. Differences in resource levels may be related to the finding that, among those living in the parental household, a large majority of white mothers live with two parents, while a majority of black mothers live with one parent.
PHA-680632, a Novel Aurora Kinase Inhibitor with Potent Antitumoral Activity
Authors: Soncini Chiara , Carpinelli Patrizia , Gianellini Laura , Fancelli Daniele , Vianello Paola , Rusconi Luisa , Storici Paola , Zugnoni Paola , Pesenti Enrico , Croci Valter , Ceruti Roberta , Giorgini Maria Laura , Cappella Paolo , Ballinari Dario , Sola Francesco , Varasi Mario , Bravo Rodrigo , Moll Jürgen 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Aurora kinases play critical roles during mitosis in chromosome segregation and cell division. The aim of this study was to determine the preclinical profile of a novel, highly selective Aurora kinase inhibitor, PHA-680632, as a candidate for anticancer therapy.
Experimental Design: The activity of PHA-680632 was assayed in a biochemical ATP competitive kinase assay. A wide panel of cell lines was evaluated for antiproliferative activity. Cell cycle analysis. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and Array Scan were used to follow mechanism of action and biomarker modulation. Specific knockdown of the targets by small interfering RNA was followed to validate the observed phenotypes. Efficacy was determined in different xenograft models and in a transgenic animal model of breast cancer.
Results: PHA-680632 is active on a wide range of cancer cell lines and shows significant tumor growth inhibition in different animal tumor models at well-tolerated doses. The mechanism of action of PHA-680632 is in agreement with inhibition of Aurora kinases. Histone H3 phosphorylation in Ser10 is mediated by Aurora B kinase, and our kinetic studies on its inhibition by PHA-680632 in vitro and in vivo show that phosphorylation of histone H3 is a good biomarker to follow activity of PHA-680632.
Conclusions: PHA-680632 is the first representative of a new class of Aurora inhibitors with a high potential for further development as an anticancer therapeutic. On treatment, different cell lines respond differentially, suggesting the absence of critical cell cycle checkpoints that could be the basis for a favorable therapeutic window.
Modification of Summertime Arctic Cloud Characteristics between a Coastal and Inland Site
Authors: Doran J. C. , Barnard J. C. , Shaw W. J. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Cloud characteristics at two sites on the North Slope of Alaska separated by ∼100 km have been examined for the warmer months of 2001–03 using data collected from microwave radiometers, ceilometers, rotating shadowband radiometers, and pyranometers. Clouds at the inland site, Atqasuk, were found to have approximately 26% greater optical depths than those at the coastal site, Barrow, and the ratio of measured irradiance to clear-sky irradiance was nearly 20% larger at Barrow under cloudy conditions. It is hypothesized that a significant factor contributing to these differences is the upward fluxes of heat and water vapor over the wet tundra and lakes. Support for this hypothesis is found from the behavior of the liquid water paths for low clouds, which tend to be higher at Atqasuk than at Barrow for onshore winds but not for offshore ones, from differences in sensible heat fluxes, which are small but significant over the tundra but are nearly zero over the ocean adjacent to Barrow, and from the mixing ratios, which are significantly higher at Atqasuk than at Barrow. Results from a simple model further indicate that latent heat fluxes over the tundra and lakes can account for a significant fraction of the differences in the estimated boundary layer water content between Barrow and Atqasuk.
Does Model Sensitivity to Changes in CO2 Provide a Measure of Sensitivity to Other Forcings?
Authors: Sokolov Andrei P. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Simulation of both the climate of the twentieth century and a future climate change requires taking into account numerous forcings, while climate sensitivities of general circulation models are defined as the equilibrium surface warming due to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentration. A number of simulations with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) climate model of intermediate complexity with different forcings have been carried out to study to what extent sensitivity to changes in CO2 concentration (SCO2) represent sensitivities to other forcings.
The MIT model, similar to other models, shows a strong dependency of the simulated surface warming on the vertical structure of the imposed forcing. This dependency is a result of “semidirect” effects in the simulations with localized tropospheric heating. A method for estimating semidirect effects associated with different feedback mechanisms is presented. It is shown that forcing that includes these effects is a better measure of expected surface warming than a forcing that accounts for stratospheric adjustment only.
Simulations with the versions of the MIT model with different strengths of cloud feedback show that, for the range of sensitivities produced by existing GCMs, SCO2 provides a good measure of the model sensitivity to other forcings. In the case of strong cloud feedback, sensitivity to the increase in CO2 concentration overestimates model sensitivity to both negative forcings, leading to the cooling of the surface and “black carbon”–like forcings with elevated heating. This is explained by the cloud feedback being less efficient in the case of increasing sea ice extent and snow cover or by the above-mentioned semidirect effects, which are absent in the CO2 simulations, respectively.
Trinuclear Complexes Containing Incomplete Cubane CoIII3O4 Cores. Structures of the Isomers of the N-(2-Pyridylmethyl)glycinato Complex
Authors: Ama Tomoharu , Yonemura Toshiaki , Yamaguchi Masayoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two isomers of N-(2-pyridylmethyl)glycinatocobalt(III) complexes containing incomplete cubane Co3O4 cores, [Co3(pg)3(μ3-O)(μ-OH)3]+, were isolated and their structures were determined by the X-ray diffraction method. While the trinuclear structure of one of the two isomers was stabilized by three inter-ligand N–H···O hydrogen bonds, that of the other was stabilized by two N–H···O hydrogen bonds and one inter-ligand pyridyl–pyridyl stacking interaction.
Profit, Supply, and Factor Demand Functions
Authors: Lau Lawrence J. , Yotopoulos Pan A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe concept of the profit function provides an alternative approach to the analysis of production. First, a brief exposition of the theory of profit function is presented. Then the profit function and the factor demand functions are formulated within the Cobb‐Douglas framework. A statiscal test is devised for testing the hypothesis of constant returns to scale in all factors on the profit function. As an application, both the profit and the factor demand function are estimated jointly, using data from Indian agriculture.
Present Status of Quantitative Techniques in Undergraduate Agricultural Economics Programs
Authors: Jones Lonnie L. , Lard Curtis F. , Manderscheid Lester V. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractUndergraduate training in quantitative analysis has undergone considerable change in recent years. Attempts have been made to raise the level of mathematical and statistical sophistication of agricultural economics undergraduate majors. However, in most undergraduate programs computer technology and econometric modeling are still relatively underutilized teaching and learning devices.
An Economic Evaluation of Nitrogen Fertilization of Grasses When Carry‐over is Significant
Authors: Stauber M. S. , Burt Oscar R. , Linse Fred 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAn economic model is developed to determine optimal nitrogen fertilization policies for seeded grasses in semiarid regions where nitrogen carry‐over is significant. The problem is cast in the framework of stochastic dynamic programming and an application of the model is made at two sites in the Nothern Great Plains. A new statistical method was used to estimate carry‐over nitrogen and the forage yield‐response function simultaneously. Nitrogen carry‐over was estimated implicitly through yield response without direct measurements of nitrogen.
A Linear Programming Approach to Floodplain Land Use Planning in Urban Areas
Authors: Day John C. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFloodplain land use management is a new approach to flood loss prevention which will complement engineering works and lead to more intelligent use and development of urban floodplain areas. Land use management may be structured as an optimization problem. Nonlinear or dynamic programming is inappropriate, and a linear programming assignment model is shown to be capable of identifying constrained efficiency combinations of spatial and temporal urban floodplain use, site elevation through land fill, and floodproofing of buildings. Sensitivity testing, however, is required because of possible nonlinearities.
The Role of Sectoral Technical Change in Development: Japan, 1880–1965
Authors: Yamaguchi Mitoshi , Binswanger Hans P. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe goal of this study is to understand and measure the effect of differential rates of technical change in the agricultural and nonagricultural sector on per capita income growth and sectoral allocation of income and factors of production. A fairly simple dynamic general equilibrium model with an agricultural and nonagricultural sector was constructed along neoclassical lines (but including labor market imperfections) and applied to Japanese data from 1880 to 1965. Nonagricultural technical change contributed more to per capita income growth than agricultural technical change. The latter also tends to push resources, particularly labor, out of the agricultural sector.