bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schallschutz zwischen Reihenhäusern mit unvollständiger Trennung
Authors: Maack Jürgen 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMit zweischaligen Haustrennwänden mit durchgehenden erdberührenden Bauteilen (durchgehende Bodenplatte und ggf. durchgehende Kelleraußenwand) kann ein hochwertiger Schallschutz erzielt werden. Voraussetzung ist eine ausreichende flächenbezogene Masse sowohl der durchgehenden flankierenden Bauteile, als auch der zweischaligen Haustrennwand sowie eine geeignete räumliche Anordnung der schutzbedürftigen Räume. Dazu sind verschiedene Qualitäten der Trennung zu unterscheiden.Es wird vorgeschlagen, einen abgestuften qualitativen Zweischaligkeitszuschlag im Bemessungs‐ und Nachweisverfahren nach Beiblatt 1 zu DIN 4109 einzuführen.Anhand von Meßergebnissen für die Trittschalldämmung wird nachgewiesen, daß auch bei unvollständiger Trennung ein hochwertiger Trittschallschutz erreicht werden kann.
Kinetic Model for Reactivity in Quaternary Water‐in‐Oil Microemulsions
Authors: García‐Río Luis , Hervella Pablo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA study was carried out on the nitrosation of piperazine (PIP) and N‐methylbenzylamine (MeBzAm) by N‐methyl‐N‐nitroso‐p‐toluenesulfonamide (MNTS) in quaternary microemulsions of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTABr)/isooctane/alcohol/water, varying the nature and the concentration of the following alcohols: 1‐pentanol, 1‐hexanol, 1‐heptanol, 1‐octanol and 1‐decanol keeping the [1‐alcohol]/[TTABr] = 4 relationship constant. In addition a study was carried out on the influence of the alcohol concentration, working with molar relationships [1‐hexanol]/[TTABr]=3, 4 and 5. On the basis of the molar volumes of the alcohol and surfactant and the concentration of alcohol at the interface it was possible to calculate the change in its volume with as varying compositions of the microemulsion. In order to interpret the experimental results a kinetic model was devised which takes into account the distribution of the reactants between the different pseudophases and the change in the volume of the interface. The rate constants at the interface of the microemulsion are lower than in pure water and are independent of the nature of the alcohol used as a cosurfactant and the molar relationship [alcohol]/[TTABr]. This independence indicates that the main role of the cosurfactant is to increase the volume of the interface with the consequent dilution of the reactants.
Unexpected Reaction of the Unsaturated Cluster Host and Catalyst [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3]2+ with the Hydroxide Ion: Spectroscopic and Kinetic Evidence of an Inner‐Sphere Mechanism
Authors: Cugnet Cyril , Lucas Dominique , Lemaître Frédéric , Collange Edmond , Soldera Armand , Mugnier Yves , Harvey Pierre D. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe title cluster, [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3]2+ (dppm=bis(diphenylphosphino)methane), reacts with one equivalent of hydroxide anions (OH−), from tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (Bu4NOH), to give the paramagnetic [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3]+ species. Reaction with another equivalent of OH− leads to the zero‐valent compound [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3]0. From electron paramagnetic resonance analysis of the reaction medium using the spin‐trap agent 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide (DMPO), the 2‐tetrahydrofuryl or methyl radicals, deriving from the tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent, respectively, were detected. For both [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3]2+ and [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3]+, the mechanism involves, in a first equilibrated step, the formation of a hydroxide adduct, [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3(OH)](n−1)+ (n=1, 2), which reacts irreversibly with the solvent. The kinetics were resolved by means of stopped‐flow experiments and are consistent with the proposed mechanism. In the presence of an excess of Bu4NOH, an electrocatalytic process was observed with modest turnover numbers (7–8). The hydroxide adducts [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3(OH)](n−1)+ (n=1, 2), which bear important similarities to the well‐known corresponding halide adducts [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3(μ3‐X)]n (X=Cl, Br, I), have been studied by using density functional theory (DFT). Although the optimised geometry for the cluster in its +2 and 0 oxidation states (i.e., cation and anion clusters, respectively) is the anticipated μ3‐OH form, the paramagnetic species, [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3(OH)]0, shows a μ2‐OH form; this suggests an important difference in electronic structure between these three species.
Phase II trial of pulse dactinomycin as salvage therapy for failed low‐risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
Authors: Covens Allan , Filiaci Virginia L. , Burger Robert A. , Osborne Raymond , Chen M. Dwight 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purpose of the study was to determine the activity and toxicity of pulse dactinomycin as salvage treatment of patients with low‐risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) who failed methotrexate therapy.METHODSEligible patients had persistent/recurrent low‐risk GTN defined by changes in serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels (<10% fall over 3 consecutive weekly titers, >20% rise over the previous value, or a rise after attaining institutional normal [>5 mu/mL]); World Health Organization (WHO) score 2–6; Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) performance status 0–1; and previous treatment restricted to methotrexate. Dactinomycin administration was 1.25 mg/m2 intravenous (i.v.) every 2 weeks until documented complete response (CR) or treatment failure. CR was defined as an institutional normal serum hCG level sustained for ≥4 consecutive weeks; treatment failure was a <10% fall (3 assays over 4 weeks) or >20% rise (over previous value) in hCG serum level. Levels were monitored biweekly × 8 weeks beyond the first normal value, then monthly × 10.RESULTSFive of 44 enrolled patients were ineligible due to choriocarcinoma and normal pretreatment serum hCG level (2 each), no history of methotrexate (1), and 1 patient with documented phantom hCG syndrome was unevaluable. In all, 28 of 38 (74%) evaluable patients attained CR. The median number of cycles was 4 (range, 2–10). Severe toxicity was minimal, causing no patient to discontinue therapy. All treatment failures achieved a CR after receiving subsequent chemotherapy; 3 patients also underwent hysterectomy.CONCLUSIONPulse dactinomycin is an active regimen for patients withlow‐risk GTN who fail previous methotrexate therapy. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Routine vaginal Pap test is not useful in women status‐post hysterectomy for benign disease
Authors: Farghaly Hanan , Bourgeois Danyel , Houser Patricia M. , Padmanabhan Vijaylakshmi , Lage Janice M. , Hoda Rana S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe US Preventive Services Task Force (USPTF) has recommended that routine vaginal Pap (V‐Pap) screening is unnecessary for women status‐post (S/P) total hysterectomy (T‐Hyst) for benign disease (Guide to Clinical Preventive Services. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1996. p 105–118). However, many US women continue to have V‐Pap despite no risk for cervical cancer and minimal risk for primary vaginal cancer (JAMA 2004;291:2990). Herein, we report our experience with such patients.Computerized data of patients S/P T‐Hyst for benign conditions over a 6‐yr‐period were retrospectively evaluated. Pap diagnoses of epithelial abnormalities (Ep Abnl), negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy with/without nonneoplastic findings (NILM‐NN and NILM), were reviewed based on three age groups: group A, 18–44 yr; group B, 45–64 yr; and group C, ≥65 yr (JAMA 2004;291:2990). A control group was used.Of 1,860 T‐Hyst 1,303 (70%) were for benign disease. Of these 581/1303 (44.5%) patients had 819 current V‐Paps (range, 1–5; mean, 1.4). The 581 patients were group A, 288 (49.5%); group B, 272 (46.8%); and group C, 21 (3.6%). Overall, the 819 V‐Paps showed Ep Abnl, 28 (3.4%); NILM‐NN, 252 (30.7%); and NILM, 539 (65.8%). Of the 28 Ep Abnl, 19 (67.8%) were atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), and 9 (32%) were low‐grade vaginal intraepithelial lesions (LG‐VAIN). The NILM‐NN findings included organisms, atrophy, and endometriosis. On the basis of individual age groups, Ep Abnl were only seen in V‐Paps of 7/288 (2%) of group A and 21/272 (8%) of group B patients. In 23 control patients, 7/71 (9.8%) current V‐Paps showed Ep Abnl (ASCUS, 4 (57%); LG‐VAIN, 3 (43%)).Continued V‐Pap in women S/P T‐Hyst for benign disease does not appear to be useful, particularly in those aged ≥65 yr. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:640–643. © 2006 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Color electroholography by virtual image reconstruction using single DMD panel
Authors: Takano Kunihiko , Sato Koki 
Published: August 2006

AbstractElectroholography is a technique that can display moving 3D images by using an electronic spatial modulation optical device. Real image reconstruction methods using focusing lenses have been investigated in the past. However, these methods have problems, one being that the view field is limited by the lens characteristics. On the other hand, the virtual image reconstruction method discussed in this paper can present 3D images in a relatively wide view field and is expected to be a very effective means of 3D image presentation. Consequently, this paper considers a virtual image reconstruction method using a DMD as the reflection element. A DMD panel that can display images with high brightness is used, and virtual image reconstruction is applied. It is shown that relatively good color images can be displayed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(9): 44–52, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20303
Carbodiazenylation of Olefins by Radical Iodine Transfer and Addition to Arenediazonium Salts
Authors: Blank Olga , Heinrich Markus R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCarbodiazenylation of olefins can be achieved with arenediazonium salts under reductive conditions. The method can be extended to aliphatic substituents when iodine compounds are present in the reaction mixture. Incorporation is achieved through a radical iodine transfer. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Electrocatalytic Oxidation and Voltammetric Determination of L‐Cysteic Acid at the Surface of p‐Bromanil Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Raoof Jahan‐Bakhsh , Ojani Reza , Ramine Maryam 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe electrochemical properties of L‐cysteic acid studied at the surface of p‐bromanil (tetrabromo‐p‐benzoquinone) modified carbon paste electrode (BMCPE) in aqueous media by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and double step potential chronoamperometry. It has been found that under optimum condition (pH 7.00) in cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation of L‐cysteic acid at the surface of BMCPE occurs at a half‐wave potential of p‐bromanil redox system (e.g., 100 mV vs. Ag|AgCl|KClsat), whereas, L‐cysteic acid was electroinactive in the testing potential ranges at the surface of bare carbon paste electrode. The apparent diffusion coefficient of spiked p‐bromanil in paraffin oil was also determined by using the Cottrell equation. The electrocatalytic oxidation peak current of L‐cysteic acid exhibits a linear dependency to its concentration in the ranges of 8.00×10−6 M–6.00×10−3 M and 5.2×10−7 M–1.0×10−5 M using CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods, respectively. The detection limits (2σ) were determined as 5.00×10−6 M and 4.00×10−7 M by CV and DPV methods. This method was used as a new, selective, rapid, simple, precise and suitable voltammetric method for determination of L‐cysteic acid in serum of patient's blood with migraine disease.
Minimum sequence requirements for selective RNA‐ligand binding: A molecular mechanics algorithm using molecular dynamics and free‐energy techniques
Authors: Anderson Peter C. , Mecozzi Sandro 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn vitro evolution techniques allow RNA molecules with unique functions to be developed. However, these techniques do not necessarily identify the simplest RNA structures for performing their functions. Determining the simplest RNA that binds to a particular ligand is currently limited to experimental protocols. Here, we introduce a molecular‐mechanics based algorithm employing molecular dynamics simulations and free‐energy methods to predict the minimum sequence requirements for selective ligand binding to RNA. The algorithm involves iteratively deleting nucleotides from an experimentally determined structure of an RNA‐ligand complex, performing energy minimizations and molecular dynamics on each truncated structure, and assessing which truncations do not prohibit RNA binding to the ligand. The algorithm allows prediction of the effects of sequence modifications on RNA structural stability and ligand‐binding energy. We have implemented the algorithm in the AMBER suite of programs, but it could be implemented in any molecular mechanics force field parameterized for nucleic acids. Test cases are presented to show the utility and accuracy of the methodology. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2006
An algorithm for three‐dimensional Voronoi S‐network
Authors: Medvedev N. N. , Voloshin V. P. , Luchnikov V. A. , Gavrilova M. L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe paper presents an algorithm for calculating the three‐dimensional Voronoi–Delaunay tessellation for an ensemble of spheres of different radii (additively‐weighted Voronoi diagram). Data structure and output of the algorithm is oriented toward the exploration of the voids between the spheres. The main geometric construct that we develop is the Voronoi S‐network (the network of vertices and edges of the Voronoi regions determined in relation to the surfaces of the spheres). General scheme of the algorithm and the key points of its realization are discussed. The principle of the algorithm is that for each determined site of the network we find its neighbor sites. Thus, starting from a known site of the network, we sequentially find the whole network. The starting site of the network is easily determined based on certain considerations. Geometric properties of ensembles of spheres of different radii are discussed, the conditions of applicability and limitations of the algorithm are indicated. The algorithm is capable of working with a wide variety of physical models, which may be represented as sets of spheres, including computer models of complex molecular systems. Emphasis was placed on the issue of increasing the efficiency of algorithm to work with large models (tens of thousands of atoms). It was demonstrated that the experimental CPU time increases linearly with the number of atoms in the system, O(n). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2006
A Glassy Bending‐Mode Polymeric Actuator Which Deforms in Response to Solvent Polarity
Authors: Harris Kenneth D. , Bastiaansen Cees W. M. , Broer Dirk J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary: We investigate a series of glassy polymer actuators which are found to bend rapidly and reversibly in response to changes in the solvent environment. The actuators are based on hydrogen‐bonded liquid crystal networks, and bending motion is created using director profiles engineered to take advantage of the network swelling anisotropy. Strongly polar solvents easily swell the network, forcing bending in one direction, while the less polar solvents extract water to force bending in the opposite direction.Shape variation of twisted configuration liquid crystal polymer films in acetone and water.magnified imageShape variation of twisted configuration liquid crystal polymer films in acetone and water.
Multi‐linearity algorithm for wall slip in two‐dimensional gap flow
Authors: Ma G. J. , Wu C. W. , Zhou P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWall slip has been observed in a micro/nanometer gap during the past few years. It is difficult to make a mathematical analysis for the hydrodynamics of the fluid flowing in a gap with wall slip because the fluid velocity at the liquid–solid interface is not known a priori. This difficulty is met especially in a two‐dimensional slip flow due to the non‐linearity of the slip control equation. In the present paper we developed a multi‐linearity method to approach the non‐linear control equation of the two‐dimensional slip gap flow. We used an amended polygon to approximate the circle yield (slip) boundary of surface shear stress. The numerical solution does not need an iterative process and can simultaneously give rise to fluid pressure distribution, wall slip velocity and surface shear stress. We analysed the squeeze film flow between two parallel discs and the hydrodynamics of a finite slider gap with wall slip. Our numerical solutions show that wall slip is first developed in the large pressure gradient zone, where a high surface shear stress is easily generated, and then the slip zone is enlarged with the increase in the shear rate. Wall slip dramatically affects generation of the hydrodynamic pressure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel polymer electrolytes containing chemically crosslinked gelators for dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Wang Li , Fang Shi‐Bi , Lin Yuan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNovel polymer electrolytes based on ionic liquid with no volatile solvents containing chemically crosslinked gelators were prepared for quasi‐solid dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The polymer electrolytes can keep over 90% of the ionic liquid electrolyte performance. The two constituents of the chemically crosslinked gelators, polypyridyl‐pendant dendritic derivatives and multifunctional halogen derivatives, respectively, are suitable for solidification of ionic liquid electrolytes in DSCs by in situ polymerization. The ionic conductivity and photoelectrochemical performances of different polymer electrolytes were evaluated and discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thinner‐film plastic photovoltaic cells based on different C60 derivatives
Authors: Yang Chunhe , Li Yongjun , Hou Jianhui , He Chang , Tan Zhan'ao , Fan Benhu , Zhou Yi , Sun Qingjian , Li Yuliang , Li Yongfang , Zhu Daoben 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn order to fabricate tandem‐structured polymer photovoltaic cells, thinner‐film photocells with different soluble C60 derivatives as the acceptors are fabricated and characterized in detail. It is shown that the aggregation, derived from the compatibility and the dispersion, of the acceptors in the polymer matrix (the donor) determines the film forming properties, the optimized content of the acceptors, the best thickness of the blend film for devices, and the apparent power conversion efficiency of the corresponding photocells. In the photocells with MEH‐PPV [poly(2‐methoxyl‐5‐2′‐ethylhexyoxyl‐1,4‐phenylene vinylene)] as the donor, the device with a film thickness of only 60 nm, HN‐C60 as the acceptor exhibits the better power conversion efficiency of 1.6% than that of PCBM as the electron acceptor which is employed widely in the investigation of high‐efficiency polymer photovoltaic cells. The series resistance and the shunt resistance of the different photocells are also extracted and analyzed as a result of the aggregation of polymer and C60 molecules in the active layer to explain the performance of the photocells based on the distribution of acceptors in the active blend films. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer/unsaturated polyester/glass fiber in situ hybrid composites
Authors: Yu Xian‐Bao , Wei Chun , Zhang Fa‐Ai 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn situ hybrid composites of thermotropic liquid‐crystalline polymer (TLCP), unsaturated polyester (UP) and glass fiber (GF) have been successfully prepared by melt mixing technology. The mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties and the morphologies of these in situ hybrid composites have been studied by static mechanics analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The static mechanical test results showed that the impact strength and the bending strength, bending modulus, specific strength and specific modulus of the in situ hybrid composites tend to increase with the increase of TLCP content for the composites containing TLCP content below  5%. DMA results indicate that the microstructure of curing network, glass transition temperature and obdurability of composites with TLCP content below 5% have been improved. Scanning electron microscope observations revealed that the interfacial adhesion between matrix and fiber had been improved with the addition of TLCP. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface Functionalization and Patterning Techniques to Design Interfaces for Biomedical and Biosensor Applications
Authors: Brétagnol Frederic , Valsesia Andrea , Ceccone Giacomo , Colpo Pascal , Gilliland Douglas , Ceriotti Laura , Hasiwa Marina , Rossi Francois 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary: In this paper, we present a review of our research activity related to the use of plasma deposition and etching technologies for the production of functional polymers (protein affinity and anti‐fouling) and their application to the fabrication chemical contrasts at micro and sub micron scale. Plasma deposition processes of acrylic acid (ppAA) and PEO‐like films to obtain functionalized surfaces are illustrated, together with optical lithography and colloidal lithography techniques used for micro and nanoscale patterning. In particular, microstructure based upon a combination of pulsed plasma polymerized acrylic acid (with carboxyl retention up to 15%) and cell repulsive PEO‐like character (CO content higher than 70%) have been realized and characterized by XPS and TOF‐SIMS. Furthermore, colloidal lithography is used for fabrication of sub‐micron (100 nm diameter) ppAA functionalized nanostructures and protein adsorption and cell growth experiments are described, demonstrating the reliability of plasma polymers for micro and nanobiotechnology applications.L929 cells growth on micropatterned PEO‐like surfaces (left), PPAA nanostructures after O2 plasma etching (right).magnified imageL929 cells growth on micropatterned PEO‐like surfaces (left), PPAA nanostructures after O2 plasma etching (right).
Ultrasonic Particle Sizing of Disperse Systems with Partly Unknown Properties
Authors: Babick Frank , Stintz Michael , Richter Andreas 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe determination of particle size distributions from ultrasonic attenuation spectra requires the knowledge of a variety of parameters (material properties and particle concentration) when the analysis is based on analytical models. In this paper, two strategies are tested that allow for the elicitation of size information from attenuation spectra when the relevant model parameters are only partially known. The first strategy uses the data on measured sound speed as additional information, which facilitates the fitting of the unknown model parameters parallel to the calculation of the particle size distribution. The second strategy comprises the formation of an empirical model that is based on the principal components, which are obtained by decomposing a measured attenuation spectrum into a set of orthogonal basic spectra. Both strategies are tested with colloidal emulsions: the first one for the cases of unknown particle concentration and unknown specific heat of the droplets, the second one for monitoring changes in the state of dispersion and in the temperature.