bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in physical fitness and body build of women and men surveyed in 2004 and 2022—A longitudinal study
Authors: Żarów Ryszard , Żegleń Magdalena , Woronkowicz Agnieszka , Spring Barbara , Kowal Małgorzata , Matusik Stanisław 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhysical fitness plays a crucial role in determining human health and overall well‐being. The objective of the study was to assess the changes in body structure and physical fitness among individuals examined in 2004 and 2022 (persons aged 32–34 and 50–52). The research material consists of data from the Krakow Continuous Study (KCS) of somatic development and physical fitness of people born in 1970 and 1972, conducted in Krakow in the years 1976–2022. In total, in 2004, 103 women and 122 men took part in the study, and in 2022–47 women and 67 men. Of these participants, 37 women and 53 men were present for both measurements. The following measurements were performed–physical fitness tests: handgrip strength of left and right hand, standing broad jump, sit‐and‐reach test and overhead medicine ball throw (2 kg); anthropometric measurements: body height, body weight and tissue composition, circumferences of the chest (relaxed and in deep inspiration), waist, hips, thigh, mid‐upper‐arm (MUAC, relaxed and in deep inspiration), forearm and calf, thickness of biceps, triceps, subscapular, abdominal, suprailiac and calf skinfolds; width of shoulders and hips, depth and width of the chest. A comparative analysis of the two series showed that all fitness test scores deteriorated. The percentage decrease was greater in women than in men in the tests of right and left handgrip strength and overhead medicine ball throw than in men, in the standing broad jump test similar in both sexes, in the sit‐and‐reach test–lower in women than in men. The greatest decreases were observed in the standing broad jump (by 14%) and the 2 kg medicine ball throw (15–12%), both in women and men. In contrast, the level of development of most of the somatic characteristics studied in 2022 was higher compared to the previous study, and, apart from body height, elbow and knee width and calf skinfold in both sexes, the differences in arithmetic means between the 2004 and 2022 series were statistically significant. Furthermore, the absence of involutionary changes in body height can be highlighted. In conclusion, the decrease in physical fitness occurring in adulthood and the increase in most somatic characteristics between 32 and 34 year‐olds and 50 and 52 year‐olds were confirmed.
A novel staging system to consolidate silent sinus syndrome and chronic maxillary atelectasis: A systematic review and case series
Authors: Amin Dev , Mandloi Shreya , Nunes Kathryn , Garg Neha , Kahn Chase , Duffy Alexander , Toskala Elina , Rabinowitz Mindy , Rosen Marc , Nyquist Gurston 
Published: March 2024

Key points
Silent sinus syndrome (SSS) and chronic maxillary atelectasis (CMA) represent an overlapping clinical entity, both likely lying on the spectrum of one disease process.
There is widespread inconsistency of diagnosis in the literature of reported cases of SSS and CMA.
We propose a novel, comprehensive staging system to simplify diagnosis and inform management.
Droplet‐Based Microfluidics Reveals Insights into Cross‐Coupling Mechanisms over Single‐Atom Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Moragues Thomas , Giannakakis Georgios , Ruiz‐Ferrando Andrea , Borca Camelia N. , Huthwelker Thomas , Bugaev Aram , de Mello Andrew J. , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier , Mitchell Sharon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSingle‐atom heterogeneous catalysts (SACs) hold promise as sustainable alternatives to metal complexes in organic transformations. However, their working structure and dynamics remain poorly understood, hindering advances in their design. Exploiting the unique features of droplet‐based microfluidics, we present the first in‐situ assessment of a palladium SAC based on exfoliated carbon nitride in Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Our results confirm a surface‐catalyzed mechanism, revealing the distinct electronic structure of active Pd centers compared to homogeneous systems, and providing insights into the stabilizing role of ligands and bases. This study establishes a valuable framework for advancing mechanistic understanding of organic syntheses catalyzed by SACs.
Electrochemical and semiconducting properties of multifunctional smart conductive fabrics based on polypyrrole
Authors: Sagirli F. Z. Engin , Karazehir T. , Sarac A. S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe have fabricated multifunctional conductive fabrics composed of polypyrrole/BaTiO3/poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐methylacrylate) (PPy/BaTiO3/P(AN‐co‐MA)(PBA) utilizing a simple process including dip coating and in situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole, which oxidized both ammonium persulfate (APS) and ammonium persulfate + iron (III) chloride (APS + FeCl3) for flexible and wearable textile applications. The influence of the oxidant nature, PPy content, and BaTiO3 on the surface structures, electrochemical, and semiconducting characteristics of the fabrics was examined using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the Mott–Schottky (M–S) studies. The study revealed that the size of the polymer nanostructures on fabric has an impact on the electrochemical impedance properties. Specifically, a decrease in diameter (when FeCl3 + APS is used) or the formation of more compact swelling surface structures (when only APS is used) is associated with changes in the conductivity of the coated fabric. Based on the EIS tests, the composite coating (S0.1, S0.2, and S0.3) with FeCl3 has a higher electrical conductivity compared to the coating with APS (PBA). The M–S tests indicate that the semiconducting characteristics of coated fabrics are dependent upon the kind of oxidant, the amount of PPy, and the presence of BaTiO3.
Pemetrexed loaded gold nanoparticles as cytotoxic and apoptosis inducers in lung cancer cells through ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction pathway
Authors: P Baby Shakila , Periasamy Tamilmani , Alarfaj Abdullah A. , Arulselvan Palanisamy , Ravindran Rajeswari , Suriyaprakash Jagadeesh , Thangavelu Indumathi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSupramolecular nanoparticles containing peptides and drugs have recently gained recognition as an effective tumor treatment drug delivery system. A multitarget drug termed pemetrexed is effective against various cancers, including nonsmall cell lung cancer. The work aims to establish the capability of pemetrexed gold nanoparticles (PEM‐AuNPs) to induce apoptosis and explore molecular changes. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope were used to investigate the synthesized nanoparticles. The MTT assay was utilized to investigate the anticancer properties of PEM‐AuNPs at varying concentrations (50, 100, and 200 µM). PEM‐AuNPs demonstrated a decrease in cell viability with 55.87%, 43.04%, and 25.59% for A549 cells and 54.31%, 37.40%, and 25.84% for H1299 cells at the respective concentrations. To assess apoptosis and perform morphological analysis, diverse biochemical staining techniques, including acridine orange‐ethidium bromide and 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole nuclear staining assays, were employed. Additionally, 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining confirmed the induction of reactive oxygen species generation, while JC‐1 staining validated the impact on the mitochondrial membrane at the IC50 concentration of PEM‐AuNPs. Thus, the study demonstrated that the synthesized PEM‐AuNPs exhibited enhanced anticancer activity against both A549 and H1299 cells.
NLRC5/MHC class I transactivator: A key target for immune escape by SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Zhu Baohui , Ouda Ryota , Kasuga Yusuke , de Figueiredo Paul , Kobayashi Koichi S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAntigen presentation to CD8+ T cells by MHC class I molecules is essential for host defense against viral infections. Various mechanisms have evolved in multiple viruses to escape immune surveillance and defense to support viral proliferation in host cells. Through in vitro SARS‐CoV‐2 infection studies and analysis of COVID‐19 patient samples, we found that SARS‐CoV‐2 suppresses the induction of the MHC class I pathway by inhibiting the expression and function of NLRC5, a major transcriptional regulator of MHC class I genes. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms for suppression of the MHC class I pathway and clinical implications for COVID‐19.
Evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of sorafenib‐loaded camel milk casein nanoparticles against hepatocarcinoma cells
Authors: Mittal Aastha , Mahala Neelam , Dhanawade Nikhil Hanamant , Dubey Sunil Kumar , Dubey Uma S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor is used to treat hepatocellular and renal carcinoma. However, a low solubility impedes its bioavailability and thus, effectiveness. This study aims to enhance its effectiveness by using novel camel milk casein nanoparticles as a delivery system. This study evaluates the cytotoxicity of sorafenib encapsulated in camel milk casein nanoparticles against human hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2 cells) in vitro. Optimal drug loaded nanoparticles were stable for 1 month, had encapsulation efficiency of 96%, exhibited a particle size of 230 nm, zeta potential of −14.4 and poly disparity index of 0.261. Treatment with it led to cell morphology and DNA fragmentation as a characteristic of apoptosis. Flow cytometry showed G1 phase arrest of cell cycle and 26% increased apoptotic cells population upon treatment as compared to control. Sorafenib‐loaded casein nanoparticles showed 6‐fold increased ROS production in HepG2 cells as compared to 4‐fold increase shown by the free drug. Gene and protein expression studies done by qPCR and western blotting depicted upregulation of tumor suppressor gene p53, pro‐apoptotic Bax, and caspase‐3 along with downregulated anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 gene and protein expression which further emphasized death by apoptosis. It is concluded regarding the feasibility of these casein nanoparticles as a delivery system with enhanced therapeutic outcomes against hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis of the increase in eicosapentaenoic acid under cobalamin deficiency of Schizochytrium sp
Authors: Yang Lin‐Hui , Liu Meng‐zhen , Chen Zi‐Lei , Tong Ling‐Ling , Guo Dong‐Sheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSchizochytrium sp. is a heterotrophic microorganism capable of accumulating polyunsaturated fatty acids and has achieved industrial production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It also has the potential for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production. In this study, it was found that the cell growth, lipid synthesis and fatty acid composition of Schizochytrium sp. were significantly affected by the level of cobalamin in the medium, especially with regard to the content of EPA in the fatty acids. The content of EPA in the fatty acids increased 17.91 times, reaching 12.00%, but cell growth and lipid synthesis were significantly inhibited under cobalamin deficiency. The response mechanism for this phenomenon was revealed through combined lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis. Although cell growth was inhibited under cobalamin deficiency, the genes encoding key enzymes in central carbon metabolism were still up‐regulated to provide precursors (Acetyl‐CoA) and reducing power (NADPH) for the synthesis and accumulation of fatty acids. Moreover, the main lipid subclasses observed during cobalamin deficiency were glycerolipids (including glycerophospholipids), with EPA primarily distributed in them. The genes involved in the biosynthesis of these lipid subclasses were significantly up‐regulated, such as the key enzymes in the Kennedy pathway for the synthesis of triglycerides. Thus, this study provided insights into the specific response of Schizochytrium sp. to cobalamin deficiency and identified a subset of new genes that can be engineered for modification.
Suspension culture promoted the expansion of NK‐92 cells ex vivo by enhancing the expression of IL‐2 receptor
Authors: Huang Huimin , Zhang Shumin , Zhao Yuanyuan , Xu Ruisheng , Tan Wen‐song , Cai Haibo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVigorous ex vivo expansion of NK‐92 cells is a pivotal step for clinical adoptive immunotherapy. Interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) is identified as a key cytokine for NK‐92 cells, and it can stimulate cell proliferation after binding to the IL‐2 receptor (IL‐2R). In this work, the differences in IL‐2 consumption and IL‐2R expression were investigated between the two culture modes. The results showed that suspension culture favored ex vivo expansion of NK‐92 cells compared with static culture. The specific consumption rate of IL‐2 in suspension culture was significantly higher than that in static culture. It was further found that the mRNA levels of the two IL‐2R subunits remained unchanged in suspension culture, but the proportion of NK‐92 cells expressing IL‐2Rβ was increased, and the fluorescence intensity of IL‐2Rβ was remarkably enhanced. Meanwhile, the proportion of cells expressing IL‐2R receptor complex also increased significantly. Correspondingly, the phosphorylation of STAT5, a pivotal protein in the downstream signaling pathway of IL‐2, was up‐regulated. Notably, the expression level and colocalization coefficient of related endosomes during IL‐2/IL‐2R complex endocytosis were markedly elevated, suggesting the enhancement of IL‐2 endocytosis. Taken together, these results implied that more IL‐2 was needed to support cell growth in suspension culture. Therefore, the culture process was optimized from the perspective of cytokine utilization to further improve the NK‐92 cell's expansion ability and function. This study provides valuable insight into the efficient ex vivo expansion of NK‐92 cells.
Bone density estimation using tissue heat capacity
Authors: Tanaka Aiko , Ogino Tetsuya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOsteoporosis onset is relatively asymptomatic, the condition often being identified only once a significant fracture occurs, leading to a potentially serious prognosis. Currently, early identification of osteoporosis is complicated by the difficulty in measuring bone density without using x‐ray absorptiometry or quantitative ultrasound, so a simpler method for estimating bone density is needed. Given that bone is reported to have a lower specific heat than other tissues, we investigated the possibility of estimating bone density using this difference in tissue thermal properties. The tibia medial surface (shin) and medial malleolus (ankle) of 68 healthy volunteers were cooled using an ice bag, and skin surface temperatures and heat flow were recorded. These measurements were then used to calculate the heat energy transferred per unit temperature. Bone density was estimated by quantitative ultrasound using the T score OSISD, which is the participant's osteo sono‐assessment index (OSI) compared to the average OSI of young adults. The heat energy transfer per unit temperature at the shin, but not the ankle, showed a significant negative correlation with T score OSISD (r = −0.413, p = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that heat energy transfer per unit temperature at the shin was a significant predictor of T score OSISD, along with age and height. These results show that tissue thermal property measurements are useful for estimating bone density.
Efficacy and safety of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients with portal hypertension for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kinami Takahiro , Uchikawa Shinsuke , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Yamasaki Shintaro , Kosaka Masanari , Johira Yusuke , Yano Shigeki , Amioka Kei , Naruto Kensuke , Yamaoka Kenji , Fujii Yasutoshi , Fujino Hatsue , Nakahara Takashi , Ono Atsushi , Murakami Eisuke , Okamoto Wataru , Yamauchi Masami , Miki Daiki , Tsuge Masataka , Oka Shiro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimAtezolizumab plus bevacizumab combination therapy (Atezo + Beva) is used as the first‐line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (u‐HCC). Serious adverse events (AEs), including rupture of esophagogastric varices, have been seen during treatment. Therefore, the relationships of efficacy, safety, and portal hypertension (PH) were analyzed.MethodsA total of 146 patients with u‐HCC and Child‐Pugh Scores of 5–7 received Atezo + Beva. Prophylactic treatment for varices was performed for patients with the risk of rupture of varices before the start of Atezo + Beva. A propensity score‐matched cohort was created to minimize the risk of potential confounders. Efficacy was assessed in 41 propensity score‐matched pairs. AEs were assessed between patients without PH (n = 80) and with PH (n = 66).ResultsIn patients without PH and with PH, median overall survival was 18.4 months and 18.8 months (p = 0.71), and median progression‐free survival was 8.6 months and 5.8 months (p = 0.92), respectively. On the best radiological response evaluation for Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, the objective response rate was 31.7% and 26.8% (p = 0.81), respectively. Variceal rupture occurred in three patients with PH, but there were no significant differences in the occurrence of variceal rupture (p = 0.090) and Grade 3–4 AEs between patients without and with PH.ConclusionsNo significant differences in efficacy and safety were observed with PH. Prophylactic treatment for varices before the start of Atezo + Beva would allow treatment to continue relatively safely.
Nomogram for predicting pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Guihong , Chen Tao , Zhang Xin , Hu Binbin , Yu Jiayun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeA pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is seen in up to 40% of the patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). No nomogram has been constructed for the prediction of pCR for patients whose primary chemotherapy was a taxane‐based regimen. The aim is to identify characteristics associated with a pCR through analyzing multiple pre‐ and post‐nCRT variables and to develop a nomogram for the prediction of pCR for these patients by integrating clinicopathological characteristics and hematological biomarkers.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed 293 patients with ESCC who underwent nCRT followed by esophagectomy. Clinicopathological factors, hematological parameters before nCRT, and hematotoxicity during nCRT were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors for pCR. A nomogram model was built and evaluated for both discrimination and calibration.ResultsAfter surgery, 37.88% of the study patients achieved pCR. Six variables were included in the nomogram: sex, cN stage, chemotherapy regimen, duration of nCRT, pre‐nCRT neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and pre‐nCRT platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR). The nomogram indicated good accuracy and consistency in predicting pCR, with a C‐index of 0.743 (95% confidence interval: 0.686, 0.800) and a p value of 0.600 (>0.05) in the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness‐of‐fit test.ConclusionsFemale, earlier cN stage, duration of nCRT (< 62 days), chemotherapy regimen of taxane plus platinum, pre‐nCRT NLR (≥2.199), and pre‐nCRT PLR (≥99.302) were significantly associated with a higher pCR in ESCC patients whose primary chemotherapy was a taxane‐based regimen for nCRT. A nomogram was developed and internally validated, showing good accuracy and consistency.
Monitoring Anthracycline Cancer Drug‐Nucleosome Interaction by NMR Using a Specific Isotope Labeling Approach for Nucleosomal DNA
Authors: van Emmerik Clara L. , Lobbia Vincenzo , Neefjes Jacques , Nelissen Frank H. T. , van Ingen Hugo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChromatinized DNA is targeted by proteins and small molecules to regulate chromatin function. For example, anthracycline cancer drugs evict nucleosomes in a mechanism that is still poorly understood. We here developed a flexible method for specific isotope labeling of nucleosomal DNA enabling NMR studies of such nucleosome interactions. We describe the synthesis of segmental one‐strand 13C‐thymidine labeled 601‐DNA, the assignment of the methyl signals, and demonstrate its use to observe site‐specific binding to the nucleosome by aclarubicin, an anthracycline cancer drug that intercalates into the DNA minor grooves. Our results highlight intrinsic conformational heterogeneity in the 601 DNA sequence and show that aclarubicin binds an exposed AT‐rich region near the DNA end. Overall, our data point to a model where the drug invades the nucleosome from the terminal ends inward, eventually resulting in histone eviction and nucleosome disruption.
Biventricular catheterization combined with pressure‐volume loop monitoring provides insight into the dynamic effects of left ventricular assist devices ramp on right ventricular function
Authors: Garmany Armin , Inglis Sara S. , Behfar Atta , Rosenbaum Andrew N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRamp studies are utilized for speed optimization of continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (CF‐LVADs). We here report the utility of combined left and right heart catheterization during a ramp study to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the hemodynamic implications on both ventricles. Pressure‐volume loop (PV loop) monitoring uncovered compromised systolic and mildly compromised right ventricular function with increasing LVAD speeds, despite improvement in left ventricular unloading. These findings informed patient management and highlight the potential utility of PV loop monitoring as an adjunct to left and right heart catheterization during ramp studies of next‐generation LVADs.
Electron Shuttles in Microbial Photoelectrochemical Systems: Cytotoxicity and Photostability
Authors: Huo Nan , Li Xiang , Xu Yizi , Ren Chongyuan , Yan Weifu , Tian Xiaochun , Wu Xuee , Zhao Feng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectron shuttles are pivotal in enhancing the conversion efficiency at the biotic‐abiotic interface within microbial photoelectrochemical systems. Nevertheless, the potentially toxic effects of electron shuttles on microbial cells and their instability when exposed to light are often overlooked. This concept highlights the attention paid to electron shuttles in microbial photoelectrochemical systems, such as the cytotoxicity, the photoexcited state, and the photostability. Furthermore, it offers theoretical guidance for selecting electron shuttles to optimize sustainable energy production and environmental remediation.
Permeability and selectivity synergistically enhanced nanofluidic membrane for osmotic energy harvesting
Authors: Zhong Jundong , Xu Tingting , Qi Hongyan , Sun Weibo , Zhao Shuang , Zhao Zhe , Sun Yirong , Zhu Youliang , Mu Jianxin , Zhang Haibo , Zhu Xuanbo , Jiang Zhenhua , Jiang Lei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFor the porous‐membrane‐based osmotic energy generator, the potential synergistic enhancement mechanism of various key parameters is still controversial, especially because optimizing the trade‐off between permeability and selectivity is still a challenge. Here, to construct a permeability and selectivity synergistically enhanced osmotic energy generator, the two‐dimensional porous membranes with tunable charge density are prepared by inserting sulfonated polyether sulfone into graphene oxide. Influences of charge density and pore size on the ion transport are explored, and the ionic behaviors in the channel are calculated by numerical simulations. The mechanism of ion transport in the process is studied in depth, and the fundamental principles of energy conversion are revealed. The results demonstrate that charge density and pore size should be matched to construct the optimal ion channel. This collaborative enhancement strategy of permeability and selectivity has significantly improved the output power in osmotic energy generation; compared to the pure graphene oxide membrane, the composite membrane presents almost 20 times improvement.