bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Paraoxonase Genotypes and Activity in a Diverse, Young, Healthy Population: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Authors: Thyagarajan Bharat , Jacobs David R , Carr J Jeffery , Alozie Ogechika , Steffes Michael W , Kailash Poonguzhali , Hayes Jennifer H , Gross Myron D 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground: Paraoxonase may mitigate oxidative damage and thus lower risk of macrovascular disease.Methods: DNA samples from 2252 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study were genotyped for the L55M and Q192R polymorphisms of the PON1 (paraoxonase 1) gene, and paraoxonase activity was measured in serum.Results: The 192R (67.4% vs 29.7%) and 55L (80.0% vs 63.8%) alleles were more common in blacks vs whites. The Q192R locus was the strongest correlate of paraoxonase activity (100.4 nmol/mL/min greater in the 192RR than the 192QQ genotype). After adjustment for the Q192R locus, the L55M locus (12.7 nmol/mL/min difference between 55LL and 55MM) and race (6.6 nmol/mL/min difference between blacks and whites) were correlated with paraoxonase activity (P ≤0.0001), as were concentrations of HDL cholesterol (23.9 nmol/mL/min difference between highest and lowest quintiles), triglycerides (12.6 nmol/mL/min difference between highest and lowest quintiles), LDL cholesterol (8.2 nmol/mL/min difference between highest and lowest quintiles), smoking status (6.3 nmol/mL/min difference between current smokers of ≥15 cigarettes/day and never smokers), and glucose concentrations at the highest quintile (6.5 nmol/mL/min difference between highest and lowest quintiles in nondiabetic participants). There was no cross-sectional or longitudinal association between paraoxonase enzyme activity and coronary artery calcification (CAC), an early marker of cardiovascular disease, or its progression over 5 years.Conclusions: Paraoxonase may not play an important role during the early pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. However, associations with lipids and glucose suggest that paraoxonase may modify or react to macrovascular disease pathogenesis.
Developing minority language resources. The case of Spanish in California. Guadalupe Valdés, Joshua A. Fishman, Rebecca Chávez and William Pérez (2006)
Authors: Bono Mariana 
Published: February 2008

Developing minority language resources. The case of Spanish in California. Guadalupe Valdés, Joshua A. Fishman, Rebecca Chávez and William Pérez (2006) Multilingual Matters 344pp. ISBN 1-85359-897-6
Nutritional Challenges of a Dual Diagnosis: Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
Authors: Weber Patricia 
Published: February 2008

In Brief
People with diabetes strive to keep blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipids within desirable ranges to prevent long-term complications such as chronic kidney disease. Once that complication has occurred, however,nutritional management becomes even more complex. The National Kidney Foundation has addressed “diabetic kidney disease” in recent guidelines. This article summarizes some of the nutritional strategies to prevent or delay progression to kidney failure.
Evaluation of pathways for release of Rift Valley fever virus into domestic ruminant livestock, ruminant wildlife, and human populations in the continental United States
Authors: Kasari Thomas R. , Carr Deborah A. , Lynn Tracey V. , Weaver J. Todd 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the feasibility for Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) to enter the continental United States by various routes as well as to identify states in which domestic and wild ruminant and human populations would be most vulnerable to exposure to RVFV.
Study Design—Pathways analysis.
Sample Population—Animals, commodities, and humans transported from RVFV-endemic countries to the continental United States between 2000 and 2005.
Procedures—Initially, agent, host, and environmental factors important in the epidemiologic aspects of RVFV were used to develop a list of potential pathways for release of RVFV into the continental United States. Next, the feasibility of each pathway was evaluated by use of data contained in governmental and public domain sources. Finally, entry points into the continental United States for each feasible pathway were used to identify the domestic and wild ruminant and human populations at risk for exposure to RVFV.
Results—Feasible pathways for entry of RVFV into the continental United States were importation of RVFV-infected animals, entry of RVFV-infected people, mechanical transport of RVFV-infected insect vectors, and smuggling of live virus.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Domestic ruminant livestock, ruminant wildlife, and people in 14 states (Alabama, California, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia) appeared to be most vulnerable to exposure to RVFV. Pathways analysis can provide the requisite information needed to construct an effective targeted surveillance plan for RVFV to enable rapid detection and response by animal health and public health officials.
A biomechanical comparison of external skeletal fixation and plating for the stabilization of ilial osteotomies in dogs
Authors: Lewis D. , Cross A. , Fitzpatrick N. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThis in vitro study compares the biomechanical properties of two methods of ilial fracture repair in dogs. Ten pelves were harvested from skeletally mature mixed breed dogs weighing 20–27 kg and bilateral oblique ilial body osteotomies were created. One hemipelvis from each dog was stabilized with a 2.7 mm plate and screws and the contralateral hemipelvis was stabilized with a five pin linear external fixator construct. Each hemipelvis was mounted at an angle of 30° to an actuator platform, such that the acetabulum was centrally loaded by a steel sphere attached to the load cell of a servohydraulic materials testing machine. The construct was loaded at a constant rate of 20 mm/min. A load/displacement curve was generated for each hemipelvis by plotting the sustained load against the actuator movement. The stiffness, yield load and failure load for each hemipelvis were determined from the load/displacement curve. Bending stiffness was defined as the slope of the load/displacement curve from 100 N to yield load. The mode of failure was determined by observations made during testing and gross inspection of each specimen. The mean construct stiffness, yield load and failure load were compared between stabilization groups using a Student’s paired t-test with statistical significance set at p>0.05. Nine out of 10 of the hemipelves that were stabilized by plates and screws failed catastrophically by fracture through the caudal screw holes and nine out of 10 of the hemipelves that were stabilized using an external fixator failed by fracture of the ischium in the region supported by the mounting roller, propagating through the most caudal ischial pin. There was not any significant difference (P = 0.22) in bending stiffness between stabilization techniques, but yield (1467 N vs 2620 N; P = 0.04) and failure (1918 N vs 2687 N; P = 0.002) loads were significantly greater for hemipelves stabilized with external fixators.
Changes in prolactin and glucocorticoid levels in cotton‐top tamarin fathers during their mate's pregnancy: the effect of infants and paternal experience
Authors: Almond Rosamunde E. A. , Ziegler Toni E. , Snowdon Charles T. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe have previously shown that paternally experienced cotton‐top tamarin fathers (Saguinus oedipus) had significant increases in prolactin and glucocorticoids at the midpoint of their mate's pregnancy, whereas less experienced fathers showed prolactin increases only the month before offspring birth [Ziegler & Snowdon, Hormones & Behavior 38:159–167, 2000; Ziegler et al., Hormones & Behavior 45:84–92, 2004]. These results could be owing to differing paternal experience or from paternal care given to previous offspring. To test the relative role of infant cues and paternal experience in these hormonal changes, we paired four paternally experienced tamarin fathers with a novel, primiparous female and monitored hormone levels during their first pregnancy together. No fathers showed the significant mid‐pregnancy increase in prolactin seen previously. However, all fathers showed increases in cortisol and significant peaks of corticosterone in mid‐pregnancy. The increase in corticosterone was consistent with previous data occurring in each male during the same week or the week following the urinary cortisol increase shown by his mate. These data may suggest that the elevated mid‐gestation prolactin seen previously in experienced males may be owing to the presence of offspring from the previous set of infants. In contrast, increased cortisol and corticosterone occurred independently of infant cues and may be related to previous paternal experience. We therefore conclude that both offspring presence and paternal experience contribute to the hormonal changes seen in experienced cotton‐top tamarin fathers during their mate's pregnancy. Am. J. Primatol. 70:560–565, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, structural characterization and cytotoxic activity of organotin derivatives of indomethacin
Authors: Camacho‐Camacho Carlos , Rojas‐Oviedo Irma , Paz‐Sandoval M. Angeles , Cárdenas Jorge , Toscano Alfredo , Gielen Marcel , Sosa Lidia Barrón , Bártez Francisco Sánchez , Gracia‐Mora Isabel 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic properties in vitro of tri‐n‐butyltin 1‐(4‐chlorobenzoyl)‐5‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐1H‐indole‐3‐acetate (1), tri‐phenyltin 1‐(4‐chlorobenzoyl)‐5‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐1H‐indole‐3‐acetate (2), tetra‐n‐butyltin[bis‐1‐(4‐chlorobenzoyl)‐5‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐1H‐indole‐3‐acetato]distannoxane (3) and di‐n‐butyltin bis‐1‐(4‐chlorobenzoyl)‐5‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐1H‐indole‐3‐acetate (4) are described. These compounds have been characterized by 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy in solution and 119Sn NMR in the solid state, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X‐ray diffraction for compound 1. The growth inhibition effects of compounds 1–4 against the lung adenocarcinoma cell line SK‐LU‐1 as well as the cervical cancer cell line HeLa were determined. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit cytotoxic activity, whereas compounds 3 and 4 are inactive. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly efficient iron‐catalyzed allylation of aromatic aldehydes with allyltriethoxysilane: one‐pot and practical synthesis of homoallyl ethers
Authors: Yang Ming‐Song , Xu Li‐Wen , Zhang Fei‐Bao , Qiu Hua‐Yu , Jiang Jian‐Xiong , Lai Guo‐Qiao 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFeCl3 was found to be an active catalyst for the one‐pot allylation reaction of aromatic aldehydes with allyltriethoxysilane under mild and simple conditions, which resulted in the direct synthesis of homoallyl ethers with very high chemoselectivity and yields. Various types of homoallyl ethers were obtained in excellent yields (up to 99%). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation with surgery for the treatment of primary great saphenous varicose veins
Authors: Darwood R J , Theivacumar N , Dellagrammaticas D , Mavor A I D , Gough M J 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) is a minimally invasive technique for treating varicose veins due to truncal vein incompetence. This randomized trial compared EVLA with conventional surgery in patients with primary saphenofemoral and great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux.

Methods
Consecutive consenting patients with symptomatic varicose veins were randomized to EVLA 1 (stepwise laser withdrawal), EVLA 2 (continuous laser withdrawal) or surgery (saphenofemoral ligation, GSV stripping, multiple phlebectomies). Principal outcome measures were abolition of GSV reflux and improvement in Aberdeen Varicose Vein Symptom Score (AVVSS) 3 months after treatment.

Results
GSV reflux was abolished in 41 of 42 legs treated with EVLA 1, 26 of 29 following EVLA 2 and 28 of 32 after surgery (P = 0·227). The median (interquartile range, i.q.r.) AVVSS improvement was similar: 9·38 (4·54–14·93) with EVLA 1, 10·26 (5·03–15·03) after EVLA 2 and 8·36 (4·54–13·21) following surgery (P = 0·694). Return to normal activity (median (i.q.r.) 2 (0–7) versus 7 (2–26) days; P = 0·001) and work (4 (2–7) versus 17 (7·25–33·25) days; P = 0·005) was quicker after EVLA by either method.

Conclusion
Abolition of reflux and improvement in disease-specific quality of life was comparable following both EVLA and surgery. The earlier return to normal activity following EVLA may confer important socioeconomic advantages. Registration number: ISRCTN99270116 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
Vaccination of asplenic or hyposplenic adults
Authors: Mourtzoukou E G , Pappas G , Peppas G , Falagas M E 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is a feared complication in patients with an absent or dysfunctioning spleen.

Methods
A literature search was undertaken to identify recommendations for vaccination in asplenic or hyposplenic adults, and published data regarding the effectiveness of the vaccines in reducing the incidence of infections, and vaccine failures.

Results
Various committees and organizations recommend that the pneumococcal, meningococcal and Haemophilus influenza vaccine, plus booster doses, should be administered to patients with an absent or dysfunctional spleen. However, adherence to such recommendations varies. Furthermore, vaccine failures still occur in a subset of properly immunized individuals. Immunocompromised individuals, in particular, have a greater risk of inadequate antibody response.

Conclusion
Immunization is partially responsible for the observed reduction in sepsis after splenectomy.
Antiangiogenic therapy and surgical practice
Authors: John A R , Bramhall S R , Eggo M C 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
Antiangiogenic therapy has become a reality with the recent introduction of bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor.

Methods
Relevant medical literature from PubMed, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and National Institutes of Health websites to August 2007 was reviewed.

Results and conclusions
Although often described as the fourth modality of treatment after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, many antiangiogenic drugs have failed to live up to expectations. Nevertheless, research continues and there are reasons to believe that antiangiogenic therapy may yet have a future in the clinical setting.
Local excision and endoscopic posterior mesorectal resection versus low anterior resection in T1 rectal cancer
Authors: Tarantino I , Hetzer F H , Warschkow R , Zünd M , Stein H J , Zerz A 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
Rectum-preserving endoscopic posterior mesorectal resection (EPMR) removes the local lymph nodes in a minimally invasive manner and completes tumour staging after transanal local excision (TE). The aim of this study was to compare the morbidity and mortality of TE and EPMR with those of low anterior resection (LAR) in patients with T1 rectal cancer.

Methods
Between 1996 and 2006 EPMR was performed 6 weeks after TE in 18 consecutive patients with a T1 rectal cancer. Morbidity and mortality were recorded prospectively and compared with those in a group of 17 patients treated by LAR. Lymph node involvement and local recurrence rate were analysed in both groups.

Results
Two major and three minor complications were noted after EPMR, and four major and four minor complications after LAR (P = 0·402 for major and P = 0·691 for minor complications). Median number of lymph nodes removed was 7 (range 1–22) for EPMR and 11 (range 2–36) for LAR (P = 0·132). Two of 25 patients with a low-risk rectal cancer were node positive. No patient developed locoregional recurrence.

Conclusion
EPMR after TE is a safe option for T1 rectal cancer. This two-stage procedure has a lower morbidity than LAR and may reduce locoregional recurrence compared with TE alone.
Effectiveness of an hypnotic imagery intervention on reducing alexithymia
Authors: Gay Marie‐Claire , Hanin Dorothée , Luminet Olivier 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe therapeutic potential of the use of mental representations, such as mental images, might be an interesting approach in the treatment of people who are severely impaired with respect to the processing of emotion, and in particular the activation of mental images. That is the case of alexithymia, which is a multifaceted construct comprising (a) difficulty identifying feelings and distinguishing between feelings and the bodily sensations of emotional arousal; (b) difficulty describing feelings to others; (c) a restricted imagination, as evidenced by a paucity of fantasies; and (d) a cognitive style that is literal, utilitarian, and externally oriented (Taylor and Bagby, 2000). Thirty‐one alexithymic female students were randomly distributed into two conditions: hypnotic imagery condition and control condition. Participants in the hypnotic imagery condition took part in an 8‐session individual training programme. The findings indicate that hypnosis is an effective technique for obtaining a decrease in alexithymic scores. The findings also indicate that changes in mood states are not involved in the change in alexithymia scores. This suggests that hypnosis has exerted a direct effect upon alexithymia (not attributable to anxiety or depression), and consequently demonstrates that it is possible to exert an effect (i) upon alexithymia without targeting a decrease in anxiety or depression scores, (ii) upon alexithymic people with no anxiety or depression problems, as anxiety and depression are not the therapeutic determinant of the therapeutic response. Copyright © 2008 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The therapist as a travelling companion to the chronically ill: hypnosis and cancer related symptoms
Authors: Ebell Hansjörg 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe complex interaction of pain, other symptoms and suffering in cancer patients requires a treatment approach that integrates psychological as well as pharmacological interventions. The supplementation of a pharmacological pain treatment concept based on WHO‐guidelines by the use of self hypnosis was examined in a controlled clinical follow up study: 61 of 342 patients with cancer related pain referred to the Interdisciplinary Pain Unit of Munich University Clinic were included. In a cross‐over design they were randomly assigned to two different successions of treatments after a 2‐week period of establishing optimal medication: either AB (A: using self‐ hypnosis and analgesics, followed by B: pharmacological treatment alone, 4 weeks each) or BA (B: continuing pharmacological treatment alone and then A: using additional self‐hypnosis). Patients themselves evaluated therapeutic effectiveness with the help of visual analogue scales (VAS) in a ‘pain diary’ for a total of 10 weeks. On account of a carryover‐effect caused by the beneficial effects of self‐hypnosis the ‘cross‐over’ did not show statistical significance. Using a parallel design we found a statistically significant reduction of pain and suffering after the first four weeks for treatment A (with self‐hypnosis) in comparison to treatment B (without self‐hypnosis). The utilization of hypnosis requires an intensive subjective exchange over a period of time between the patient and the therapist, who embark as travelling companions on a journey through uncharted territory. Three case reports serve as an example for three different ‘time windows’ of this travelling companionship of therapists and patients: short term/crisis intervention, cooperation for several weeks/coping enhancement, and long term/psychotherapy. Copyright © 2008 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thromboembolic events with lenalidomide‐based therapy for multiple myeloma
Authors: Menon Smitha Patiyil , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Lacy Martha , Falco Patrizia , Palumbo Antonio 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The purpose was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of thromboembolism associated with lenalidomide therapy in newly diagnosed myeloma.METHODS.A pooled analysis was performed of patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma enrolled in clinical trials of lenalidomide‐based therapy at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, and the Italian Myeloma Network, Italy. The incidence of thrombosis, the effect of risk factors such as steroid dose and erythropoietin supplementation, and the effect of prophylaxis were examined.RESULTS.In all, 125 patients enrolled in 3 clinical trials were identified. Patients were stratified based on the concomitant corticosteroid dose. Fifty‐two patients were in the high‐dose group (dexamethasone 40 mg, 12 days a month); 73 patients were in the low‐dose group (prednisone at any dose; or dexamethasone 40 mg, 4 days a month). A total of 110 patients were initiated on thromboprophylaxis; of these, 104 patients (95%) received aspirin. Ten patients (8%) developed deep vein thrombosis, including 4 who were not receiving any thromboprophylaxis at the time of the event. The rate of thromboembolic events was not different between patients who received concomitant erythropoietin therapy and those who did not, 4.8% and 8.6%, respectively (P = .54). A higher number of venous thrombotic episodes occurred in the high‐dose corticosteroid group compared with the low‐dose corticosteroid therapy group (12% vs 6%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .3).CONCLUSIONS.The incidence of deep vein thrombosis is lower than previously reported in the literature. There was a trend to a higher incidence of thrombosis in patients receiving high‐dose corticosteroid therapy. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Schubprüfungen an geschosshohen Wänden – Grundlagen und Durchführung
Authors: Schermer Detleff , Fehling Ekkehard , Stürz Jochen 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDie experimentelle Überprüfung der Schubtragfähigkeit geschosshoher Wände dient dem Ziel, neben der Bestimmung der Tragfähigkeit an sich auch das Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten unter kombinierter N‐M‐V‐(Normalkraft‐Momenten‐Horizontalkraft)‐Beanspruchung zu untersuchen. Im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Versuchen nach dem vereinheitlichten Schubprüfverfahren des DIBt wird nicht eine Schubfestigkeit bestimmt, sondern das Ergebnis stellt die Schubtragfähigkeit des Bauteils insgesamt dar. Dieser Wechsel entspricht auch der Weiterentwicklung in der Normung, bei der die rechnerischen Nachweise als Vergleich von Tragfähigkeiten erfolgen.Entscheidend für die Güte der Versuchsergebnisse sind die Randbedingungen in Form der Konstruktion der Versuchsstände, der Ausbildung der Lasteinleitungsdetails und der Versuchsdauern. Es werden nachfolgend Angaben zu der Lastgeschichte für statisch‐monotone und statisch‐zyklische Versuchsdurchführungen gegeben.Mit Hilfe der beschriebenen Schubprüfungen kann das Verhalten von Mauerwerkswänden unter kombinierter Beanspruchung realitätsnah experimentell untersucht werden und künftig Basis von individuellen Bemessungs‐ und Anwendungsregeln sein.
Statistische Untersuchung der Druckfestigkeit von Porenbeton – Größeneffekt und Umrechnungsfaktoren
Authors: Wolf Susann , Walther Hartmut , Langer Peter , Stoyan Dietrich 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIm Rahmen eines BMBF‐Projekts wurden von der Firma Xella Technologie‐ und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH und dem Institut für Stochastik der TU Bergakademie Freiberg Versuche zur Druckfestigkeit von Porenbeton durchgeführt und diese dann statistisch ausgewertet. Im Mittelpunkt stand der Größeneffekt, d.h. die Abhängigkeit der Druckfestigkeit von der Probengröße. Ein Größeneffekt wurde nur für Prüfkörper mit einer Kantenlänge von kleiner als 200 mm nachgewiesen, wobei mit abnehmender Prüfkörpergröße auch die Festigkeit sinkt. Das führt zu einem Faktor von 1,05 für die Umrechnung von Festigkeiten von Würfeln mit einer Kantenlänge von 100 mm auf handelsübliche Steine.