bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of spatial distribution of lead in soils around an active military shooting range
Authors: Etim Effiong Ukorebi , Ola Mercy Ichiko 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, the extent of Pb contamination around an active military shooting range is re-assessed to ascertain current contamination status comparatively to data’s reported 20 years ago. This is because lead bullet disintegration and mobility takes several years and extensively affects levels of soil-Pb contamination. A total of 120 topsoil samples were collected within the impact area (front) and non-impact area (back) for Pb determination. High concentrations of Pb were found at impact berm both front (28940±2996 μg/g) and back (775±128 μg/g). Spatial distribution of contamination reflects the distances from berm. Soil-Pb contamination around non-impact area was notable at back berm through to 100 m distance with significant difference in Pb, Cr, Ni and Zn levels. Concentration of Pb at berm was observed to have increase five-fold over a period of about twenty years from previous study with accumulation factor of about 1000. Principal component analysis PCA indicated 67 % of total metal load of range soil was majorly from impact areas of the berm. The correspondence analysis relay plot shows pollution order of Pb > Ni > Cd > Cr > Zn > Cu. This confirms soil contamination especially around the impact area, i.e. impact berm and firing lines and non-impact area at 0 m, 10 m, 50 m and 100 m. Environmental consequence of high soil-Pb levels within the range especially non-impact areas utilized for farming activities will leave much to desire. Hence, extensive and continuous monitoring is needed. However, remediation through appropriate soil washing technique could reduce Pb levels and improve soil condition regardless of age.
Advancing sustainability in forestry machinery: Electro-Hybrid drives for greenhouse gas reduction and enhanced energy efficiency
Authors: Mergl Václav , Zeizinger Lukáš , Kománek Martin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article deals with the possibility of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption in machines using cut-to-length (CTL) technology with the help of electro-hybrid systems. The text discusses the individual components of these systems. Furthermore, the article contains technical solutions for current electro-hybrid drive systems of harvesters, forwarders and forwarding trailers, including their description and available parameters. The current technical and technological development of electro-hybrid drive systems and their components leads to a significant improvement in the performance of drives of the new generation of CTL machines and to higher energy efficiency. Thanks to this, the use of electro-hybrid drive systems in these machines could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions as well as operating costs.
Strategies, Research Priorities, and Challenges for the Exploration of Space Beyond Low Earth Orbit
Authors: Craig Everroad R. , Foster Jamie S. , Galazka Jonathan M. , Jansson Janet K. , Lee Jessica A. , Lera Matthew P. , Perera Imara Y. , Ricco Antonio J. , Szewczyk Nathaniel J. , Todd Paul W. , Zhang Ye , Harrison Lynn 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
NASA's recent emphasis on human exploration of the Moon and, ultimately, Mars necessitates a transition from a focus of its research in the biological sciences from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to platforms beyond LEO. Fundamental research questions need to be addressed to enable humans to thrive in deep space. Work beyond LEO necessitates a shift in technology and the utilization of organisms in autonomous experiments, especially in the near term. The Beyond LEO Instrumentation & Science Series Science Working Group (BLISS-SWG) was established to provide NASA's Space Biology Program input on its strategy for developing research priorities and tools for exploration beyond LEO. Here, we present an abridged version of the first annual report of the BLISS-SWG, which is publicly available on the NASA Technical Reports Server. Seven priority areas and pertinent research questions were identified for research beyond LEO in the coming 2–5 years. Appropriate experimental organisms and technology development needs for research addressing these questions are summarized. The BLISS-SWG aims for this review to serve as a resource for the space biology and science and engineering communities as they develop research to understand risks and mitigation strategies for deep-space stressors on human crew, plants, and their microbiomes.
Machine Learning Algorithms Fusion Based on DGA Data for Improving Fault Diagnosis of Electrical Power Transformer
Authors: Hechifa Abdelmoumene , Lakehal Abdelaziz , Nanfak Arnaud , Saidi Lotfi , Labiod Chouaib 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) continues to be widely recognized as a valuable method in recent times for the early identification of issues in oil-filled power transformers. It has gained extensive adoption as a primary approach for the early discovery of these issues, relying on the analysis of dissolved gases. This contributes to enhancing the dependability of electrical systems. This paper proposes an efficient fusion method based on DGA data using the two best Machine Learning algorithms, the neural network (MLP), the naïve Bayes (NB) throughdata input vector ppm, a percentage input vector, and an Logarithmic input vector. The fusion method predictively combined the two classifiers and obtained a statistical evaluation: accuracy, recall, precision, and F-measure higher than both classifiers separately. The proposed fusion method was evaluated for performance using a test database and compared with conventional and smart methods. Results showed that the proposed model outperformed both traditional and intelligent methods in terms of diagnostic accuracy when using percentage and logarithmic input vectors. The Prediction Based Fusion (PBF) vector Percentages achieved an accuracy rate of 97.22%, while PBF vector Logarithmic achieved an accuracy rate of 95.83%. These rates were higher than those achieved by traditional methods, such as the Modified RRM/CEGB method 91.67% and Modified RRM/IEC method 90.28%. Additionally, the proposed model surpassed the accuracy rates of intelligent methods, such as CSUS ANN 88.89% and Conditional Probability 93.06%.
The impact of modern inhaled anesthetics on hemodynamics and cognitive status during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Korolkov О. Yu. , Gritsan A. I. , Rostovtsev S. I. 
Published: March 2024

The article presents a comparative assessment of the effect of sevoflurane and desflurane on intraoperative hemodynamic parameters and sedation level during laparoscopic cholecystectomy was carried out. A modern scheme for assessing perioperative cognitive status is presented.The aim of the work is to conduct a comparative assessment of the effect of sevoflurane and desflurane on hemodynamic parameters during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. To study the frequency of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the immediate postoperative period when using sevoflurane and desflurane.Materials and methods: The study included 60 patients of both sexes operated on for cholelithiasis by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 people depending on the anesthetic used. In group 1, sevoflurane was used. In group 2, desflurane was used. The degree of anesthetic risk of patients was according to ASA I–II degree.The results and their discussion. The effect of sevoflurane and desflurane in the dosages used on hemodynamic and gas exchange parameters did not differ significantly, with the exception of a significantly lower value in group 1 of ADd, ADsr, heart rate at the 2nd stage of the study and ADs after applying carboxyperitoneum at the 3rd stage. With laparoscopic interventions of medium duration, sevoflurane and desflurane do not have a negative effect on postoperative cognitive status
PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PEGAWAI PADA IKM SHERLY COLLECTION DI KOTA BANJAR
Authors: Riyadi Lestari Permata , Hilman Maman 
Published: March 2024

IKM Sherly Collection merupakan salah satu jenis usaha kecil yang memproduksi barang-barang berbahan dasar kain, seperti kemeja yang beralamat di Jl.Ir. Purnomo Sidi, Bojongkantong, Kecamatan Langensari, Kota Banjar, Jawa Barat 46325. Permasalahan yang ditemukan pada IKM Sherly Collection diantaranya tidak dapat mencapai target produksi yang mengakibatkan keterlambatan dalam memenuhi permintaan konsumen, permasalahan ini terjadi karena karyawan masih bekerja setiap saat tolok ukur dan menggunakan metode kerja tanpa memperhatikan kenyamanan dan keamanan sehingga mempengaruhi produktivitas mereka.
Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh standar waktu kerja 66 menit lebih cepat dari waktu standar yang diperoleh pada pengukuran awal yaitu 85,8 menit. Dari perhitungan produktivitas kerja pada pengukuran awal, standar produktivitas kerja adalah 4 satuan/hari. maka dari hasil perhitungan produktivitas kerja adalah 6 unit/hari. Dari perbandingan produktivitas kerja awal dengan model baru, terjadi peningkatan sebesar 2 unit/hari.
Study on the Morphological Characteristics of Micro Remaining Oil in Sandstone Reservoirs of Bohai Oilfield
Authors: Guan Cuo , Zhang Jian , Li Xianjie , Hu Ke , Du Hong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Bohai Oilfield has entered the stage of high water cut development, with scattered distribution of micro residual oil. Due to different types of micro residual oil production mechanisms, refining the micro residual oil occurrence characteristics at different development stages is beneficial for selecting reasonable methods to improve oil recovery. The oil bearing rock core is subjected to rapid freezing treatment using liquid nitrogen freezing method, and then polished into visualized thin slices no greater than 0.05mm. Based on the length of the corresponding excitation wavelength formed by the electron transition of microscopic residual oil under ultraviolet fluorescence irradiation, the residual oil area in the core thin sections of different water bearing stages is divided into strong water washing zone residual oil and weak water washing zone residual oil using a hierarchical recognition method. Quantitatively characterize the types and abundance of remaining oil based on its morphological characteristics, and classify micro remaining oil of different forms. The results indicate that the remaining oil in the strong water washed area of the sandstone core during the ultra-high water cut stage is mainly in the form of clusters and narrow cracks, while the remaining oil in the weak water washed area is mainly in the form of particle adsorption. Under the same water content condition, lower permeability cores have a more complex pore throat structure, resulting in scattered distribution of remaining oil, with a significant increase in residual oil in particle adsorption, corner shaped, and narrow slit shaped shapes. With the increase of water content, the distribution of remaining oil in various forms tends to be balanced in both strong and weak water washed areas. Refined research on the microscopic characteristics of remaining oil can provide important guidance for the selection of further enhanced oil recovery technologies and ultimately enhanced oil recovery.
Role of nitric oxide in determination of large intestinal contractility in neonatal rats
Authors: Singh Shuchita , Sharma Parul , Dixit Devarshi , Mandal Maloy B. 
Published: March 2024

Objectives:
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in inhibiting the contractility of gut smooth muscles in various species, and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) is a critical NO synthase inhibitor. Previous research investigating the role of NO in regulating gut motility focused on adult animals. Therefore, more research is needed to determine their status in the gut of newborns. Our study intended to understand how NO impacts the large gut contractility, in vitro, in rats, both neonates and adults, to get a better insight into the physiological role of NO in regulating large gut motility, particularly in neonates.

Materials and Methods:
In an organ bath preparation, the segments of a large gut (colon and rectum) were subjected to various concentrations of nitroglycerin (NG) (0.01–100 mM), a NO donor, cumulatively. In another group, pre-treatment with L-NAME (100 mM) was done to evaluate the blocking effect of NO on the contractile tension and frequency.

Results:
NG induced relaxation in the colon and rectum of adult rats in a similar manner. NG caused significantly greater relaxation in neonates’ rectums than in their colons. In neonatal and adult rats, L-NAME pre-application inhibited NG-induced relaxation in contractile tension. Exposure to different concentrations of NG decreased contractile frequency in adult rats’ colons and rectum. However, L-NAME pre-treatment did not affect the decrease in contractile frequency caused by NG. In neonates, NG caused a concentration-dependent reduction in contractile frequency, and a decrease in contractile frequency in the rectum was more than that in the colon. However, L-NAME pre-treatment did not affect the reduction in contractile frequency caused by NG.

Conclusion:
Nitrergic mechanisms have possibly been present since birth. The intensity of control by NO may be different in the colon and rectum. The differences in NO sensitivity in adults and neonates demonstrated the changes during development.
Biomechanical responses on specific load carriage and positive gradient walking: A pilot study
Authors: Kaharwar Vishal Singh , Kumar Sugata Das , Pal Madhusudan 
Published: March 2024

Objectives:
Normal load carriage is an inevitable part of military marching tasks. Military tasks are inextricably related to carrying huge loads irrespective of different terrain. Continuous carrying of heavy loads from level ground to uphill gradient may alter kinetic and kinematic responses. Such responses, in the long run, may cause the risk of injury. This study was designed to find out the effects of external load on kinetic and kinematic responses at specific loads and grades (+10°).

Materials and Methods:
Six healthy Indian soldiers mean (± standard error of mean [SEM]) age 30.5 ± 3.5 years, height 168.7 ± 2.8 cm, weight 73.8 ± 7.08 kg participated in this study, walking on treadmill (Deneb and Polak-speed-1625) at 3.5 kmph for 6 min at 10° inclination for two conditions, with no-load and 30 kg compact-load at controlled laboratory condition 25°C and 50% relative humidity (RH). Compressive, shearing, torque, joint reaction force, and erector-spine forces for kinetic and angular changes of neck, trunk, thigh, forearm, upper arm, and leg were analysed by biomechanical analysis software (Ergomaster 4.6). A paired t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance were applied to determine the significant effects of the load on dependent variables.

Results:
Significant changes were found in kinetic (compressive, shearing, torque, joint reactive force, and erector spine force) and kinematic (neck and trunk) parameters with subsequent increments of loads.

Conclusion:
From this study, it was concluded that walking in uphill condition, compressive, shearing, torque, joint reactive force, and erector spine force was found to be increased by 2.58, 4.65, 4.06, 2.83, and 4.06 folds, the angular changes found in neck and trunk were 1.78 and 1.25 folds compared to no-load conditions, respectively. The exerted forces, namely compressive force 74.12%, shearing force 86%, joint reaction force almost 75%, and erector spine force 83.82%, were very close to the injury risk profile; only the change of torque was not much closer to the risk profile. Such findings could be used for recommending load carriage guidelines for future studies.
Training in methods of optimizing the process of interrogation and investigative actions in law
Authors: Арский А.А. 
Published: March 2024

В современных условиях юриспруденции, характеризующихся значительной динамикой изменений законодательной базы и усилением криминогенной обстановки, вопросы эффективности следственных действий и допросов выходят на первый план. Эффективность этих методов во многом определяется уровнем подготовки специалистов, получающих образование в высших учебных заведениях Российской Федерации. Научное исследование представляет собой всесторонний анализ актуальных подходов к обучению методам оптимизации допроса и следственных действий в юридических вузах России, в том числе образовательной системы МВД. Рассматриваются проблемы, возникающие при формировании навыков и компетенций, необходимых для успешного осуществления профессиональной деятельности в данной сфере. В исследовании использованы данные, собранные из 25 юридических вузов (гражданского назначения), включая более чем 500 анкет студентов и 100 интервью с преподавателями. Исходя из проведенного анализа, авторы выделяют ключевые параметры и метрики, существенно влияющие на результативность обучения. Внедрение современных методик оптимизации процесса допроса и следственных действий в учебный процесс юридических вузов России остается одним из наиболее актуальных и сложных вопросов. Основываясь на собранных данных, можно утверждать, что 37% студентов юридических факультетов испытывают затруднения при освоении этой тематики. По результатам анкетирования, 63% преподавателей считают необходимым пересмотр текущих методик обучения.
In modern conditions of jurisprudence, characterized by significant dynamics of changes in the legislative framework and the strengthening of the criminogenic situation, the issues of the effectiveness of investigative actions and interrogations come to the fore. The effectiveness of these methods is largely determined by the level of training of specialists receiving education in higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation. The research is a comprehensive analysis of current approaches to teaching methods of optimizing interrogation and investigative actions in law schools in Russia. The problems arising in the formation of skills and competencies necessary for the successful implementation of professional activity in this field are considered. The study used data collected from 25 law schools, including more than 500 student questionnaires and 100 interviews with teachers. Based on the analysis, the authors identify key parameters and metrics that significantly affect the effectiveness of training. The introduction of modern methods of optimizing the process of interrogation and investigative actions in the educational process of law schools in Russia remains one of the most urgent and complex issues. Based on the collected data, it can be argued that 37% of law students have difficulties in mastering this topic. According to the results of the survey, 63% of teachers consider it necessary to revise current teaching methods.
The influence of maternal singing on increasing the duration of lactation and improving the health of children
Authors: Лазарев М.Л. 
Published: March 2024

Представленная в статье программа «Музыка материнского молока» направлена на обучение беременной женщины навыкам общения с ребенком еще до его рождения, на оптимизацию состояния ее здоровья, улучшение самочувствия и подготовку к родам, формирование доминанты лактации. Программа включает цикл специально написанных песен («молочные песни»), которые исполняет сначала беременная женщина, а затем кормящая мама Описано ретроспективное и проспективное исследование, проведенное с детьми, прошедшими и не прошедшими школу дородового воспитания по методу «Сонатал», с использованием программы «Музыка материнского молока». Установлено, что применение программы «Музыка материнского молока» в рамках метода «Сонатал» позволяет продлить период лактации до 12 месяцев у большинства кормящих матерей (более, чем у 65% женщин), в сравнении с группой контроля (не более 25%). Показано, что написанная для программы специальная «молочная музыка» встраивается в общую систему формирования личности ребенка грудного и раннего возраста, преобразуя процесс кормления – в процесс воспитания, способствует формированию у ребенка первичных моделей поведения, среди которых, прежде всего, можно выделить формирование биоритмов дня.
The program "Music of mother's milk" presented in the article is aimed at teaching a pregnant woman the skills of communicating with a child even before his birth, at optimizing her health, improving well-being and preparing for childbirth, the formation of a dominant lactation. The program includes a cycle of specially written songs ("milk songs"), which are performed first by a pregnant woman, and then by a nursing mother. A retrospective and prospective study conducted with children who have passed and have not passed the prenatal education school using the "Sonatal" method, using the program "Music of mother's milk" is described. It was found that the use of the program "Music of mother's milk" within the framework of the "Sonatal" method allows to extend the lactation period up to 12 months in the majority of nursing mothers (more than 65% of women), in comparison with the control group (no more than 25%). It is shown that the special "milk music" written for the program is integrated into the general system of personality formation of an infant and young child, transforming the feeding process into the process of upbringing, contributes to the formation of primary behavioral patterns in the child, among which, first of all, the formation of biorhythms of the day can be distinguished.
Fiqh Muamalah Analysis of the Fundraising Zakah through Conventional Bank Accounts
Authors: Imam Kamaluddin  , Vina Fithriana Wibisono  , Andini Rachmawati  , May Shinta Retnowati  , Fawwaz Raihan  
Published: March 2024

Collecting zakah funds through conventional banks is vulnerable to elements of usury. Whereas, Islamic legal norms have strictly regulated that all assets must be protected from the element of usury, including Zakah funds. This research analyzes the collection of zakah funds by zakah fund collection institutions which is carried out by giving muzaki (zakah givers) the option to transfer zakah funds using conventional bank accounts. This paper discusses two schemes,i.e: first, the mechanism for collecting zakah funds through conventional bank accounts; second, analyzing the collection of zakah funds from the perspective of Muamalah Fiqh, namely using the Tabarru agreement. The research method uses empirical juridical with a qualitative approach. The results show, the mechanism for collecting zakah funds through conventional bank accounts is that muzakki are given the option to transfer zakah funds to a conventional bank account or sharia bank, which is owned by the institution collecting zakah funds; then the institution collecting zakah funds separates the bank interest from conventional banks for the public needs, such as building roads, public toilets, bridges, etc; and finally distributing it to Mustahiq. According to Fiqh Muamalah, the factors that cause a transaction to be haram are haram because of its substance, haram in addition to its substance and the cancellation of the contract. Meanwhile, the permissibility of a haram transaction must be channelled for social benefit, because this action is better than entrusting non-halal funds to a Sharia Bank.