bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing computer security issues: preventing and limiting future threats and disasters
Authors: Trim Peter R.J. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to make explicit why security needs to be viewed as a core activity and why senior management need to view security from a holistic perspective. Reference is made to various activities carried out by computer hackers and the costs associated with computer related crime.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was undertaken and a conceptual security model was produced. The key elements of the activities associated with security were highlighted and the links between the activities were made clear.FindingsOrganized criminal syndicates and international terrorist groups are increasing their level of activity. Senior managers within companies need to put in place an intelligence and security strategy to counter the activities of criminals and terrorists. Furthermore, senior managers will in the future have to work more closely with law enforcement representatives and industry representatives. They will also have to develop an appreciation of the strategic intelligence objectives of various governments. There is also evidence that senior management need to pay greater attention to identifying future threats associated with advances in internet technology.Research limitations/implicationsMore attention will need to be given to how facilitating technology such as the internet is providing computer hackers and criminals with ways to either disrupt business activities or extend the range of criminal activities that they are engaged in.Practical implicationsSenior management will need to refocus on the capability of staff vis‐à‐vis corporate intelligence and security work. The learning organization concept can be embraced and can be used to assist staff to identify the advantages associated with effective knowledge management. Scenario analysis and simulation exercises can be used to train staff in emergency work, and disaster management and prevention.Originality/valueA diverse range of topics is covered and integrated into a security‐oriented context. Attention is focused on the link between organized criminal syndicates and international terrorist groups, and why senior managers in companies need to be engaged in disaster management recovery planning. The material highlights why senior managers in companies need to develop business contingency plans and embrace the counterintelligence concept.
Complexity theory: a science where historical accidents matter
Authors: Goulielmos Alexander M. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo follow the modern movement of using “positive feedback” to explain companies' behaviour with special focus on historical accidents.Design/methodology/approachTo contribute to the emergence of new complexity theory as applied to management and prove that historical accidents matter, combining and bringing together literature sources.FindingsThe concept of unique equilibrium has been seriously disputed – the selection process is shown, as is the path dependent process using probability theory.Practical implicationsA location theory as case study is outlined – great for those fond of unique equilibrium.Originality/valueTo show another theory, which is dynamic, non‐linear, and complex as reality; to apply it to management underlying at the same time the role of historical accidents (random process).
Effects of 9/11 on individuals and organizations: down but not out!
Authors: Burke Ronald J. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this introduction is to review some of the major issues that arose after 9/11 and set the stage for the articles that follow.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was undertaken using both academic and mass media sources.FindingsThe events of 9/11 have produced potentially positive as well as negative consequences, some anticipated and others unforeseen.Research limitations/implicationsRelatively little research has been conducted on the events following 9/11, making it difficult to arrive at solid conclusions at this time.Practical implicationsThis special issue links the events of 9/11 with the management of organizations, a topic that has received little attention, and hopefully will encourage more scholarship in this area.Originality/valueIt is important to more fully understand why 9/11 happened and what measures need to be taken to reduce the likelihood of future terrorist attacks, as well as improve the resiliency of both citizens and their organizational employers in dealing with the aftermath of such attacks should they occur again.
International terrorism and threats to security
Authors: Burke Ronald J. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review research findings on the effects of a variety of disasters, including the events of 9/11, on the general public and members of organizations.Design/methodology/approachA literature search was undertaken. Three areas were targeted: impact on public attitudes and morale, on organizations and human resource management, and on organizational resilience.FindingsFour conclusions were drawn. First, disasters such as 9/11 have immediate negative effects on emotions and behaviors. Second, with the passage of time these effects dissipate for most people. Third, organizations directly affected by 9/11 immediately stopped functioning. Fourth, fortunately many of these firms bounced back surprisingly quickly.Research limitations/implicationsRelatively little research has been conducted on the effects of 9/11, limiting our understanding of it.Practical implicationsThe people in these resilient firms, those more directly affected by the terrorist attacks, made the difference. Human resource management practices and cultural values already in place were the key factors in bringing about a speedy recovery. These factors can also be developed in other organizations as a precaution.Originality/valueThis paper explores important yet still under‐researched areas of management and organizational responses to terrorism.
State emergency service local controllers' attitudes towards disaster planning for cultural heritage resources
Authors: Graham Kristy , Spennemann Dirk H.R. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeNatural disasters exert a continual toll not only on property and public infrastructure, but also on places and items of cultural heritage value. Whereas infrastructure and modern buildings can be rebuilt, archaeological and heritage sites cannot be restored without loss of integrity and authenticity. Often, the impact of management decisions during and following a disaster is greater than the physical impact of the disaster itself. Aims to assess attitudinal barriers that may exist among disaster management professionals, a study of local controllers of the state emergency service of New South Wales (Australia).Design/methodology/approachAll local controllers of the state emergency service of New South Wales were surveyed by a mail‐out questionnaire as to their knowledge of cultural heritage and their attitudes to the protection of cultural heritage assets during bushfires.FindingsKey areas identified are a general lack of awareness of the special needs of heritage places, a lack of communication between emergency and heritage managers; an acknowledged need for but decided absence of disaster planning for cultural heritage assets; and a need for training and education.Research limitations/implicationsThe study considered the local controllers of the state emergency service of New South Wales. Given the observed attitudinal barriers, there is a need for future research looking at the attitudes held by the various levels in the vertical decision making and authority tree.Practical implicationsThe awareness of SES controllers regarding cultural heritage in disaster situations needs to be improved as are the communication channels both in the disaster preparedness and the disaster response phase.Originality/valueThis is the first time research has been carried out into assessing the attitudes and awareness of local controllers of the state emergency service of New South Wales with respect to cultural heritage asset management.
A simple heuristic model for injury prevention
Authors: Blanco José A. , Gillingham David W. , Lewko John H. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a simple heuristic model that provides diagnostic capabilities and prevention insights.Design/methodology/approachThe paper brings together findings from previous research including injury statistics from several industries to illustrate that the model's predicted results can be found in practice. This is a conceptual paper that applies a simple heuristic model to existing data. The model leads to an equation with four parameters: a rate of improvement reflecting prevention, a rate of deterioration reflecting obsolescence and lapsing of procedures and practices, an intrinsic limit reflecting technological capability, and a “viscosity” that adds the impact of management system malfunction to the technological limits and normal delays.FindingsThe model says that, on the average, injury rates decrease with time if the rate of rejection is greater than the rate of mortality. If “r”<“m” injury rates increase exponentially with time, and drastic results can follow. When “r”=”m” the model produces a constant rate of failure that will continue until something is done to increase “r” or decrease “m”. A constant rate of failure means that an apparent safety limit has been reached. Unless this corresponds to the technological limit, a constant rate means that some preventable failures are recurring with regularity: they risk being accepted as “hazards of the job”. Stable periods may be normal, but they can lead to complacency.Practical implicationsThe heuristic power of the model is evident in that parameters and insights from applying it can help define prevention activities to reduce the rate of injury and, by implication, to lengthen operational periods between consecutive injuries.Originality/valueThe drum model can help managers understand the separate but related effects of technology and management on injury rates. The model can be used to seek prevention possibilities hidden in the aggregate data, and it can help the manager to use period data to identify areas or groups in need of help.
Redefining disaster: need for managing accidents as disasters
Authors: Rautela Piyoosh 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe cumulative impact of accidents not considered as disasters far surpasses the impact of disasters. Accidents taking toll of human lives and economy are often underreported and go unnoticed and the victims of these incidences are also ill compensated. It is therefore necessary to pay adequate attention to accidents and formulate appropriate policies for giving equal treatment to the victims of these events and also to make efforts for mitigating these. This paper aims to discuss this.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses the impact of accidents and attempts to assert that these are a cause of major concern. The database of the disasters (EM‐DAT) of Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Belgium has been utilised for ascertaining the toll of disasters, while for assessing the cumulative toll of the accidents and disasters database available at departmental web sites (Department of Road Transport and Highways, Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways, Government of India (www.morth.nic.in) and Railway Ministry, Government of India (www.indianrailways.gov.in) together with some other web sites have been used. The two databases have been correlated to establish that the cumulative toll is far more than what is generally perceived to be the toll of the disasters.FindingsBased on the correlation of one event each under the category of natural and man made disasters (landslides, transport accidents) it is concluded that these correlations establish that the toll of accidents is many times more than the disaster events and there exists a pressing need to pay adequate attention towards managing accidents that take heavy toll of the global resources.Research limitations/implicationsAt present there exists no formal and comprehensive database recording the toll of accidents and the study is based on the database compiled from different sources. The paper establishes beyond doubt that the magnitude of the toll of accidents is far more than that of disasters and there exists pressing need for managing accidents.Practical implicationsThis paper would bring forth the importance of managing accidents before the policy makers and initiate advocacy for putting in more resources for managing these events. In the long run the victims would not be differentiated on the basis of the magnitude of the incidents they have faced.Originality/valueThe paper shows the importance of managing major accidents and provides guidance for appropriate changes to be made.
Rural local authorities and disaster resilience in Zimbabwe
Authors: Bernard Manyena S. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeBuilding disaster‐resilient communities is one of the strategies of reducing the impact of disasters in marginalised communities. In Zimbabwe, the role of Rural District Councils (RDCs) as facilitating agencies in the realisation of this agenda cannot be overemphasised. However, at present, RDCs are unlikely to be effective towards the realisation of the disaster risk reduction agenda because, in effect, this means finding ways of tackling well known development problems for which there are no easy or obvious solutions. Using case study material from Binga RDC in the Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe, this paper seeks to argue that building institutional capacity for RDCs is fundamental if the disaster resilience agenda has to be realised.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on the author's experiences in Binga District in Zimbabwe to show how disaster resilience is linked with capacity building, decentralisation and internal organisational structures of RDCs.FindingsRDCs are facing a number of challenges, which include inadequate financial and human resources; unstable political system; problems related to decentralisation and the nature and role of RDCs in Zimbabwe. Capacity building, full decentralisation package and internal organisational structure of rural local authorities are some of the central fundamentals for building disaster‐resilient communitiesPractical implicationsWith capacity building being at the centre of the building community resilience, coordination by donors as well as government agencies is fundamental. The circumstances under which RDCs are operating in Zimbabwe, highlights the implicit demand for the government to further consider fiscal and administrative aspects of the decentralisation. Proffering a devolved structure‐participation outcome scenario leaves RDCs in a miserable fiscal and administrative position to tackle issues related to long‐term disaster risk reduction and sustainable development.Originality/valueThe paper introduces the concept of disaster resilience focusing on Rural Local Authorities. It illuminates the complexities surrounding the delivery of the resilience agenda and how governments, local government authorities, donor community and civil society are implicated.
Trachoma and health education in primary schools in Tanzania: a pointer to community action
Authors: Lansdow Richard , Issae Wahab , Katala Sidney , Mwaisumo Rose 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe primary aim of the work reported here is to determine whether a low cost teaching approach which had been successfully used in one region of Tanzania (Tanga) could be introduced to other teachers in a different region by teachers, rather than outside experts. A second aim is to determine whether changes occurred in children's knowledge and behaviour and a third aim is to determine if the work was sustained.Design/methodology/approachThe study was carried out in ten randomly selected schools in the Dodoma region, where there is a high prevalence rate of trachoma, with the teachers being taught active methods by colleagues from Tanga. Local staff from Helen Keller International had an input in teaching about trachoma itself. Data in the form of environmental, educational and clinical observations and were collected at the beginning, the end and during the programme and information on children's knowledge was obtained at the beginning and the end.FindingsThe results were encouraging in showing that teachers were effective in passing on their skills to other teachers, who in turn were enthusiastic in putting their new knowledge into practice. Equally encouraging was the way in which children's behaviour changed as well as their knowledge. A follow up four years later showed that the work has continued in all ten schools and has and spread to 27 others. Teaching on trachoma will be included in the new national curriculum for primary schools.Originality/valueIt is suggested that teachers should be considered as a significant part of any community based trachoma programme.
Contrasts between didactic and Deweyan approaches to health education
Authors: Brouse Corey H. , Basch Charles E. , Kubara Michael 
Published: January 2007

PurposeOver the past few decades, several theories and models have evolved to guide health education practice. Some of these models are participatory and democratic; nevertheless, much health education practice is based on achieving goals established by “health authorities,” which are called here the didactic model. The purpose of this paper is to consider that model and contrast it with a Deweyan model, based on the pragmatist philosopher, John Dewey.Design/methodology/approachFirst provides a historical perspective on the didactic and Deweyan models stressing their implications for health education. The didactic approach is contrasted with a dialectical approach implied by the Deweyan model. Then briefly discusses pragmatism and cognition noting the importance of emotions in the learning process and consider the implications of various philosophical perspectives for understanding human behavior. The final two sections discuss the goals of health education and the role of the health educator based on the essentials of pragmatism—in which health education is value‐laden and lifestyle specificFindingsConcludes by advocating for a greater emphasis on a Deweyan philosophy in public health education practice and research.Originality/valueOver the past several decades, theoretical frameworks for health education have evolved and a wide variety of educational, social‐psychological and program planning frameworks have been proposed and utilized to guide practice, but none specifically follow the philosophy of John Dewey. This paper is original in that it outlines the Deweyan philosophy and relates it to health education. If that philosophy were to guide health education practice and research, it would improve our service to the community as well as our understanding about why people make the choices they do.
Medicine education for schoolchildren: what do the teachers think?
Authors: Hämeen‐Anttila Katri , Airaksinen Marja , Timonen Johanna , Bush Patricia , Ahonen Riitta 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate teachers' attitudes towards medicines and to determine what they are willing to teach children about medicines. This study is part of a larger project where medicine education materials accessible on the internet (www.uku.fi/laakekasvatus, in Finnish with English introduction) were designed, developed, and evaluated.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from a convenience sample of primary (n=11) and junior secondary (n=3) schoolteachers who attended three focus group discussions (FGDs). Before the FGDs, the teachers had taught three medicine education sessions based on medicine education curriculum materials to their own classes.FindingsThree different types of teachers were found: empowering (n=6), paternalistic (n=6), and material evaluating (n=2). An empowering teacher was ready to facilitate the empowerment of children as medicine users. A paternalistic teacher wanted to teach children the dangers of medicines and also the importance of a healthful lifestyle. The material evaluating type of teacher commented mainly on the usefulness of the medicine education materials without expressing any attitude towards medicines.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of the small number of teachers participating in this study, it may be regarded as a pilot study that generated a hypothesis. Results need to be verified with a larger sample of teachers and with quantitative research methods before generalizations can be made.Originality/valueThis study suggests a need to educate teachers about what medicine education is and how it could be taught with an empowering approach.
Teaching social behaviour in schools – what can governments do?
Authors: Allen Graham 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the role of government and policy making in supporting schools to develop work on social behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is written by a sitting member of Parliament in the UK who is himself supporting work in schools in his constituency of Nottingham North on social behaviour, in order to clarify the role of government and it to do more in this emerging area.FindingsThe paper finds that work on social behaviour in school is urgently needed to address social deprivation and social exclusion. There is a strong role for government in this process. This work needs to be addressed with the same degree of commitment and systematic thinking as has been applied to numeracy and literacy teaching in schools, not least because social behaviour underpins and supports academic learning.Practical implicationsThe paper implies that policy makers need to consider the importance of work on social behaviour in schools and their role in supporting it.Originality/valueThe paper is written by a sitting member of Parliament, addressing his fellow politicians, as well as other social policy makers, to tackle an issue of great social and educational significance – and as such is unusual if not unique.
Reinvest, recruit and rebuild to protect the future of IT
Authors: Marshall Rick 
Published: January 2007

PurposeExplores the reasons for, and possible solutions to, the shortage of suitably trained and experienced employees in information technology.FindingsDiscusses the importance of ongoing development for existing IT employees and the need to invest in recruiting new talent for the industry. Explains how internal IT apprenticeship and trainee schemes can help to promote employee retention.Practical implicationsHighlights the benefits that one company, Comunica, has obtained from its employee development and calls for other major employers to follow suit.Originality/valueProvides a useful reminder of the need for increased investment in developing IT skills.
Human‐capital measuring at the Royal Bank of Scotland
Authors: Donkin Richard 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe paper's purpose is to highlight the rigour that the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) has applied to human‐capital measuring in its employment systems.Design/methodology/approachDraws on the author's report for Croner's, Human Capital Management, A Management Report.FindingsReveals how the bank links employee data with reward preferences, business productivity and turnover, to provide a rich source of feedback pointing to trends that require management action.Practical implicationsDemonstrates that there are circumstances when the use of bare statistics without explanation or careful analysis could lead to less, rather than more, transparency. Judicious human‐capital reporting requires as much attention to interpretation as it does to the hard data.Originality/valueDeals with a subject that has received relatively little treatment in the HR literature.