bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of aromatherapy to treat behavioural problems in dementia
Authors: Nguyen Quynh‐anh , Paton Carol 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectiveBehavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) are common and distressing to both patients and carers. The use of antipsychotics to treat BPSD is associated with a high burden of side‐effects and alternative strategies are required. Aromatherapy is an option that has been recommended for use in dementia. We aimed to review the evidence supporting the use of aromatherapy in BPSD.MethodsWe searched Medline, Cochrane and EMBASE for randomised controlled trials of aromatherapy in patients with dementia.ResultsEleven prospective randomised studies of aromatherapy in BPSD were identified. The aromatherapy oils tested, method of administration and outcome measures used varied widely across the studies. Most of the studies included very small numbers of patients and were designed in such a way that made interpretation of the findings difficult.ConclusionData supporting the efficacy of aromatherapy are scarce; available studies reported positive and negative consequences for both people with dementia and their carers. The side‐effect profile of commonly used oils is virtually unexplored. Although a potentially useful treatment for BPSD, the expectations of clinicians and patients with respect to the efficacy and tolerability of conventional medicines should equally apply to aromatherapy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linking runoff response to burn severity after a wildfire
Authors: Moody John A. , Martin Deborah A. , Haire Sandra L. , Kinner David A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractExtreme floods often follow wildfire in mountainous watersheds. However, a quantitative relation between the runoff response and burn severity at the watershed scale has not been established. Runoff response was measured as the runoff coefficient C, which is equal to the peak discharge per unit drainage area divided by the average maximum 30 min rainfall intensity during each rain storm. The magnitude of the burn severity was expressed as the change in the normalized burn ratio. A new burn severity variable, hydraulic functional connectivity Φ was developed and incorporates both the magnitude of the burn severity and the spatial sequence of the burn severity along hillslope flow paths. The runoff response and the burn severity were measured in seven subwatersheds (0·24 to 0·85 km2) in the upper part of Rendija Canyon burned by the 2000 Cerro Grande Fire near Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA.A rainfall–discharge relation was determined for four of the subwatersheds with nearly the same burn severity. The peak discharge per unit drainage area $Q_{\rm u}^{\rm peak}$ was a linear function of the maximum 30 min rainfall intensity I30. This function predicted a rainfall intensity threshold of 8·5 mm h−1 below which no runoff was generated. The runoff coefficient $C = Q_{\rm u}^{\rm peak}/I_{30}$ was a linear function of the mean hydraulic functional connectivity of the subwatersheds. Moreover, the variability of the mean hydraulic functional connectivity was related to the variability of the mean runoff coefficient, and this relation provides physical insight into why the runoff response from the same subwatershed can vary for different rainstorms with the same rainfall intensity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrological time‐series modelling using an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system
Authors: Firat Mahmut , Güngör Mahmud 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAccurate forecasting of hydrological time‐series is a quite important issue for a wise and sustainable use of water resources. In this study, an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) approach is used to construct a time‐series forecasting system. In particular, the applicability of an ANFIS to the forecasting of the time‐series is investigated. To illustrate the applicability and capability of an ANFIS, the River Great Menderes, located in western Turkey, is chosen as a case study area. The advantage of this method is that it uses the input–output data sets. A total of 5844 daily data sets collected from 1985 to 2000 are used for the time‐series forecasting. Models having various input structures were constructed and the best structure was investigated. In addition, four various training/testing data sets were built by cross‐validation methods and the best data set was obtained. The performance of the ANFIS models in training and testing sets was compared with observations and also evaluated. In order to get an accurate and reliable comparison, the best‐fit model structure was also trained and tested by artificial neural networks and traditional time‐series analysis techniques and the results compared. The results indicate that the ANFIS can be applied successfully and provide high accuracy and reliability for time‐series modelling. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissolved organic carbon export from a cutover and restored peatland
Authors: Waddington J. M. , Tóth K. , Bourbonniere R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHigh demand for horticultural peat has increased peatland drainage and peat extraction in Canada. The hydrology and carbon cycling of these cutover peatlands is greatly altered, necessitating active restoration efforts to permit the regeneration of Sphagnum mosses and the re‐establishment of natural peatland function. The effect of peatland extraction and restoration on the export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was examined for three successive seasons (May to October, 1999 to 2001) at two different sites (cutover and restored) in eastern Québec. A shift towards higher DOC concentrations was observed following peatland extraction (maximum: 182·6 mg L−1) and concentrations remained high post‐restoration (maximum: 191·0 mg L−1). The cutover site exported more DOC than the restored site in all three study seasons. The highest exports occurred during the wettest year (1999), with cutover and restored site export of 10·3 and 4·8 g m−2, respectively. In 2000, 8·5 g C m−2 was released from the cutover site, while the restored site released less than half that amount (3·4 g C m−2). In 2001, the restored site released about the same amount of DOC as in the previous year (3·5 g C m−2), while the cutover site load dropped to 6·2 g C m−2. Both sites were net exporters of DOC in all years. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of burning and sheep grazing on soil water composition in a blanket bog: evidence for soil structural changes?
Authors: Worrall F. , Adamson J. K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study considers the impact of managed rotational burning of vegetation and sheep grazing upon the composition of soil waters within an upland peat soil. The study has considered soil water compositions from a complete factorial design of treatment plots where three different burning treatments were considered in replication with grazing and no grazing. All plots were sampled across a complete year with three dipwells in each plot. The study included aluminium (Al), iron, calcium, sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium, sulphate, chloride (Cl−), bromide, fluoride, phosphate (PO$_{4}^{3-}$)and nitrate; and in order to clarify the nature of the results, the pH, conductivity and dissolved organic carbon were also considered, but the major results for these are reported elsewhere. The study finds: (1) Ca, Na, Mg and PO$_{4}^{3-}$concentrations are significantly lower on all burnt plots, with only Al concentration being significantly higher on burnt plots. (2) Only Cl−showed any significant changes (a decrease) with the presence of sheep grazing, and then only when plots were also burnt. (3) A principal component analysis shows that the composition of most soil waters can be described by rainwater and soil water components, but in unburnt plots a base‐rich, high ionic strength water is sometimes present.The study suggests that burning, but not grazing, caused significant changes in soil water composition leading to increased interaction between incoming rainwaters and the peat soil but led to loss of interaction with deeper waters. However, no evidence was found for structural change in the soils even after long term (50 years) grazing and burning management. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nm23‐H1 expression of metastatic tumors in the lymph nodes is a prognostic indicator of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yi‐Fen , Chen Jeou‐Yuan , Chang Shyue‐Yih , Chiu Jen‐Hwey , Li Wing‐Yin , Chu Pen‐Yuan , Tai Shyh‐Kuan , Wang Liang‐Shun 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe recently reported that low Nm23‐H1 expression of primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was correlated with the occurrence of lymphatic metastasis. However, little is known about whether Nm23‐H1 level of metastatic tumors in the cervical lymph nodes is reduced in comparison with primary oral cancers and its significance for patients' prognosis. By immunohistochemistry, we analyzed the Nm23‐H1 expression in 52 pairs of OSCC specimens from primary oral cancers and their metastatic lymph nodes. Western blot analysis further confirmed the immunohistochemical interpretation. To verify the effects of Nm23‐H1 on cell migration and invasion, we established several stable clones derived from a human OSCC cell line (SAS) by knockdown and overexpression. Wound‐healing closure, transwell migration and invasion assays were performed to determine cell motility, migratory and invasive activities. Western blot analysis was carried out to evaluate cyclin A expression of OSCC cells with the altered Nm23‐H1 levels following knockdown and overexpression. By immunohistochemistry, Nm23‐H1 expression of metastatic lymph nodes was significantly lower than that of their primary oral cancers, supporting a role of Nm23‐H1 in metastasis suppression. Negative Nm23‐H1 interpretation of OSCC specimens, in either primary oral cancers or metastatic lymph nodes, indicated a poor survival outcome of patients. On the basis of in vitro studies of Nm23‐H1 knockdown and overexpression, we demonstrated an inverse correlation between Nm23‐H1 expression and the invasiveness of OSCC cells. Moreover, we observed the concomitant reduction in Nm23‐H1 and cyclin A levels of metastatic tumors in both results of in vitro OSCC cells and ex vivo tumor specimens. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of E‐prostanoid receptors in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Breinig Marco , Rieker Ralf , Eiteneuer Eva , Wertenbruch Tina , Haugg Anke Maria , Helmke Burkhard Maria , Schirmacher Peter , Kern Michael André 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRecent studies have shown that inhibition of cyclooxygenases (e.g.COX‐2) exerts antitumorigenic effects on hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), which are to a significant extent due to the abrogation of PGE2synthesis. PGE2acts via differentially regulated prostaglandin receptors (EP1–4). Our study was designed to investigate the expression pattern of EP‐receptors in HCCs and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of selective EP‐receptor antagonists. Using tissue microarrays including a total of 14 control livers, 17 liver cirrhoses, 22 premalignant dysplastic nodules (DNs) and 162 HCCs with different histological grades, the expression of COX‐2, mPGES‐1 and ‐2 and EP1–4‐receptors was analyzed. Western immunoblot analyses were performed to confirm the expression in HCC cell lines. The effects of EP1–4‐receptor antagonism on cell viability and apoptosis were investigated using MTT‐assays and FACS‐analyses, respectively. COX‐2, mPGES‐1 and ‐2 and EP1–4‐receptors were expressed in all HCC tissues. COX‐2 expression was highest in DNs and declined with loss of HCC‐differentiation. With respect to COX‐2 expression, a converse expression of EP1–3‐receptors and mPGES‐1 and ‐2 was found in DNs compared to HCCs. Selectively antagonizing EP1‐ and EP3‐receptors reduced the viability of HCC cells in a dose‐dependent manner, which was associated with apoptosis induction. Our results suggest a differential regulation of EP‐receptor subtype expression with dedifferentiation of HCCs in which a converse expression pattern for COX‐2 in comparison to EP1–3‐receptors occurs. Of clinical interest, selectively antagonizing EP1‐ and EP3‐receptors may provide a novel systemic therapeutic approach to the treatment of HCCs. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Colon carcinogenesis in liver‐specific IGF‐I‐deficient (LID) mice
Authors: Ealey Kafi N. , Xuan Wanli , Lu Suying , Archer Michael C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCirculating insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. It is not clear, however, whether IGF‐1 plays a direct causative role in colon carcinogenesis or whether it mediates the known promoting effects of insulin. The objective of this study was to determine the role of IGF‐1 in colon carcinogenesis using liver‐specific IGF‐I deficient (LID) mice that exhibit 70% reductions in circulating IGF‐I. Female and male LID mice were treated with the colon‐specific carcinogen azoxymethane to induce aberrant crypt foci (ACF) or colon tumors. Female LID mice developed significantly fewer ACF and had normal insulin levels compared to controls. Male LID mice, however, were hyperinsulinemic and exhibited no significant differences in ACF development compared to controls. In the tumor study, both male and female LID mice were hyperinsulinemic and had no significant differences in tumor incidence or multiplicity compared to their respective controls. There was a significant 25% reduction in tumor size, however, in both male and female LID mice compared to controls. These data suggest that IGF‐I deficiency attenuates the promoting effect of insulin on colon carcinogenesis and that IGF‐I is an independent promoter of the growth of established tumors. Our findings implicate both IGF‐I and insulin as important promoters of colon cancer development. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cigarette smoking and risk of borderline and invasive epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Gram Inger T. , Braaten Tonje , Adami Hans‐Olov , Lund Eiliv , Weiderpass Elisabete 
Published: October 2007

AbstractStudies regarding the association between smoking and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between smoking and EOC, overall and according to invasiveness and histological subtype in a cohort of women with a high proportion of smokers at enrolment. We followed 103,081 women, aged 30–50 years in 1991/1992, from the Norwegian‐Swedish Women's Lifestyle and Health cohort. The women completed a questionnaire on personal characteristics and exposures at enrolment and were subsequently followed with linkages to national registers through December 31, 2004. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate hazard ratio (RR) of EOC with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with different measures of smoking exposures adjusting for confounding variables. Altogether 343 [241 (70%) invasive and 102(30%) borderline] incident EOC cases were identified. Former [HR = 2.2(95% CI 1.0–4.7)] and current [HR = 2.7(95% CI 1.2–5.7)] smokers had a more than doubling in risk for borderline tumors compared to never smokers. Women who had smoked for more than 20 years had 3 times [HR = 3.1(95% CI 1.5–6.7)] the risk of borderline tumors compared to never smokers. A test for trend according to smoking status was almost significant for mucinous tumors (p‐trend = 0.05). A significant dose response relationship was found according to smoking intensity [pack‐years; (0–9, 0–14, ≥ 15)] and duration [number of years; (0–10, 11–20, ≥ 20)] for borderline and serous tumors (p‐trends < 0.05). In conclusion, smoking may increase the risk of borderline EOC. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The synthesis of [3,4,1′‐13C3]genistein
Authors: Oldfield Mark F. , Chen Lirong , Botting Nigel P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA facile synthesis is described for [3,4,1′‐13C3]genistein for use as an internal standard in isoflavone analysis by mass spectrometric methods. Ethyl 4‐hydroxy[1‐13C]benzoate was first prepared from the reaction of diethyl [2‐13C]malonate and 4H‐pyran‐4‐one. Two further 13C atoms were incorporated using potassium [13C]cyanide as the source to give 4′‐benzyloxy‐[1,2,1′‐13C3]phenylacetonitrile. [3,4,1′‐13C3]Genistein was then constructed through coupling of the isotopically labelled phenylacetonitrile with phloroglucinol under Hoesch conditions, followed by formylation and cyclization. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meta‐analytic tests of relationships between organizational justice and citizenship behavior: testing agent‐system and shared‐variance models
Authors: Fassina Neil E. , Jones David A. , Uggerslev Krista L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractResearch on the unique effects of different types of perceived fairness on citizenship behavior that benefits individuals (organizational citizenship behavior (OCB‐I) and organizations (OCB‐O) has produced mixed results. We assert that how OCB‐O and OCB‐I are conceptualized affects the patterns of results, and we hypothesize that, when OCB is conceptualized appropriately, an agent‐system model is supported (interactional and procedural justice are the strongest unique predictors of OCB‐I and OCB‐O, respectively). We also hypothesize that shared variance among the justice types explains additional variance in OCB. Analyses of semi‐ partial correlations conducted on meta‐analytic coefficients supported our hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cross‐taxa phenological dataset from Mohonk Lake, NY and its relationship to climate
Authors: Cook Benjamin I. , Cook Edward R. , Huth Paul C. , Thompson John E. , Forster Anna , Smiley Daniel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe present a detailed analysis of a rare cross‐taxa native species phenology dataset (plant flowering, insect first sighting, and amphibian first sighting) from Mohonk Lake, NY. This dataset is highly unusual in North America for its longevity of record, consistency of methodology and location, diversity of species available, and availability of local daily meteorological data. For each phenology series, we examined the flowering and first sighting Julian calendar dates for the existence of temporal trends. Only one of the five animal species (katydid) showed any evidence for a significant trend in first sighting. In contrast, the plant species showed a rich mixture of temporal trends in flowering that could be divided into four classes: woody plant–no trend, woody plant–negative trend, herbaceous plant–negative trend, and herbaceous plant–positive trend. Many of the trends were found to be statistically significant and robust to the method of trend estimation. The data within each of the four plant classes were also pooled as anomalies to provide more complete temporal coverage for tests of trend robustness. The results were strongly consistent with the trends of the individual species within each class and highly significant statistically. We next correlated the flowering and first sighting dates against growing degree‐day (GDD) summations for each day of the year to measure the sensitivity of each species to this common form of climatic forcing on phenology. All species showed a significant sensitivity to GDD summations, with peak correlations falling on or near the varying median flowering or first sighting dates. These results were robust whether the GDD analyses were conducted over the complete set of observations for each species (beginning on or after 1928) or over a latter period with a more serially complete set of cross‐taxa observations (1970–2002). The GDD correlations indicate significant climate sensitivity in all species, but the different magnitudes of correlation and timing of maximum correlation imply that plant and animal responses to climate changes in the future will not be homogeneous for the tested species at Mohonk Lake. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Erratum: On transport equations driven by a non‐divergence free force field Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. 2007 (DOI: 10.1002/mma.817)
Authors: Arlotti L. , Banasiak J. , Lods B. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDue to a prolonged but thorough refereeing process of 1 and updates subsequently made to 1, some of the references made at the beginning of Section 4 of 2 to the text of 1 are no longer correct. Precisely speaking, as stated, the results of Section 4 are valid if the measure µ is the Lebesgue measure on Ω as this yields the density of the set 𝒞1(Ω)∩𝒟(Tmax) in 𝒟(Tmax) endowed with the graph norm ∥ · ∥𝒟. This result is then used to show the existence of traces, as in 3. In the new version of 1, we managed to deal with a general Radon measure that required, however, a new definition of the maximal transport operator Tmax to ensure the existence of traces. It follows that the non‐divergence case can be dealt in a similar way to Proposition 3.2 of 1 but using a divergence‐free version of 2, Equation (16) as the definition of Tmax.
Clinical effectiveness of garlic (Allium sativum)
Authors: Pittler Max H. , Ernst Edzard 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe objective of this review is to update and assess the clinical evidence based on rigorous trials of the effectiveness of garlic (A. sativum). Systematic searches were carried out in Medline, Embase, Amed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Natural Standard, and the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (search date December 2006). Our own files, the bibliographies of relevant papers and the contents pages of all issues of the review journal FACT were searched for further studies. No language restrictions were imposed. To be included, trials were required to state that they were randomized and double blind. Systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of garlic were included if based on the results of randomized, double‐blind trials. The literature searches identified six relevant systematic reviews and meta‐analysis and double‐blind randomized trials (RCT) that were published subsequently. These relate to cancer, common cold, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, peripheral arterial disease and pre‐eclampsia. The evidence based on rigorous clinical trials of garlic is not convincing. For hypercholesterolemia, the reported effects are small and may therefore not be of clinical relevance. For reducing blood pressure, few studies are available and the reported effects are too small to be clinically meaningful. For all other conditions not enough data are available for clinical recommendations.