bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Correlates of Erectile Dysfunction by Race and Ethnicity Among Men Aged 40 or Older in the United States: From the Male Attitudes Regarding Sexual Health Survey
Authors: Laumann Edward O. , West Suzanne , Glasser Dale , Carson Culley , Rosen Raymond , Kang Jeong-han 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Most U.S. population-based estimates of erectile dysfunction (ED) prevalence restricted upper age, were not nationally representative, or underrepresented minority groups.

Aim
To estimate, by race/ethnicity in the United States, the prevalence of ED and the impact of sociodemographic, health, relationship, psychological, and lifestyle variables.

Methods
This cross-sectional, population-based, nationally representative probability survey conducted between May 2001 and January 2002 in the general community setting facilitated equivalent representation among U.S. non-Hispanic white (N=901), non-Hispanic black (N=596), and Hispanic (N=676) men aged 40 and older by using targeted phone lists to oversample the minority populations.

Main Outcome Measure
Estimated prevalence of moderate or severe ED, defined as a response of “sometimes” or “never” to the question “How would you describe your ability to get and keep an erection adequate for satisfactory intercourse?”

Results
The estimated prevalence was 22.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.4–24.6) overall, 21.9% (95% CI, 18.8–24.9) in whites, 24.4% (95% CI, 18.4–30.5) in blacks, and 19.9% (95% CI, 13.9–25.9) in Hispanics, and increased with increasing age. The odds ratio increased with increasing age. Probability also increased with diabetes, hypertension, and moderate or severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) overall; age ≥70 years and diabetes in whites; severe LUTS in blacks; and age ≥60 years, moderate LUTS, hypertension, and depression in Hispanics. It decreased with exercise and college vs. less than high school education overall; with exercise, good relationship quality, and according to alcohol intake in blacks; and with high school or college education in Hispanics.

Conclusion
The odds of ED increased with increasing age across race/ethnicity when controlling for sociodemographic, health, relationship, psychological, and lifestyle variables. These initial analyses suggest further study of the interrelationships among risk factors for ED.
Sexual Function and Obstructive Sleep Apnea–Hypopnea: A Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating the Effects of Oral-Appliance and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy
Authors: Hoekema Aarnoud , Stel Anna-Lucia , Stegenga Boudewijn , Van Der Hoeven Johannes H. , Wijkstra Peter J. , Van Driel Mels F. , De Bont Lambert G.M. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is associated with sexual dysfunction. Although successful treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been demonstrated to improve sexual function, the effects of oral-appliance therapy are unknown.

Aim
The aims of this study were to determine to what extent untreated male OSAHS patients experience sexual dysfunctions compared with control subjects, and second, to evaluate the effects of oral-appliance and CPAP therapy on sexual functioning.

Methods
Sexual functioning was determined in 48 OSAHS patients with the Golombok Rust inventory of sexual satisfaction (GRISS) and a testosterone measurement. GRISS outcomes were compared with 48 age-matched male controls without any sexual problems. Patients were randomized for either oral-appliance or CPAP therapy. After 2–3 months of treatment, the GRISS and testosterone measurements were repeated.

Main Outcome Measure
The outcomes on the GRISS were used as the main outcome measure.

Results
Compared with controls, OSAHS patients had significantly more erectile dysfunction (mean ± standard deviation; OSAHS 8.7 ± 3.8 vs. controls 6.8 ± 2.6) and sexual dissatisfaction (mean ± standard deviation; OSAHS 9.7 ± 4.2 vs. controls 8.1 ± 2.6) as indicated by the GRISS. No significant changes in the GRISS or testosterone levels were observed in the 20 and 27 patients completing the follow-up review for oral-appliance and CPAP therapy. A correlation was demonstrated between the extent of erectile dysfunction at baseline and improvements in erectile function following treatment (r =−0.547, P =0.000).

Conclusions
This study confirms that male OSAHS patients show more sexual dysfunctions compared with age-matched control subjects. Although significant improvements in sexual functioning in neither the oral-appliance nor CPAP-treated group could be established, our findings suggest that untreated OSAHS patients with pronounced erectile dysfunction experience some improvement following treatment.
Pilot Study of Sexual Dysfunction Following Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery
Authors: Koo Vincent , Lau Louis , McKinley Andrew , Blair Paul , Hood John 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The complication of sexual dysfunction as a quality of life (QoL) component after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery in men is poorly studied.

Aims
To investigate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and to highlight the importance of discussing this issue with patients undergoing AAA repair.

Main Outcome Measures
The self-reported sexual dysfunction prevalence pre- and postoperatively, the effects on sexual QoL, and the postoperative Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) scores.

Methods
Between April 1999 and July 2002, a questionnaire-based study, including the SHIM, was conducted on male patients 1–2 years after their elective open (EO) and rupture open (RO) or endovascular repair (EVAR) AAA repair. Demographics, risk factors for sexual dysfunction, sexual history, and postoperative sexual QoL data were obtained.

Results
Out of 142 alive male patients surveyed, 56 (40%) patients responded (26 EO, 21 EVAR, and 9 RO repair). The mean age was 69, 73, and 70 years, respectively, and 65%, 66%, and 66%, respectively, admitted to be sexually active postoperatively. The self-reported sexual dysfunction prevalence preoperatively was 27% (EO), 63% (EVAR), and 45% (RO); and postoperatively was 58%, 76%, and 67%, respectively. Detection using SHIM was higher at 70%, 95%, and 78%, respectively. There was a significantly greater increase in the postoperative prevalence of sexual dysfunction in the EO group than in the EVAR group (P &lt;0.05, χ2). The sexual QoL was worsened postoperatively in all groups: 53% (EO), 75% (EVAR), and 50% (RO); but only one-third of EO and EVAR patients, and none in RO patients, would seek treatment for their sexual dysfunction.

Conclusion
There was a negative impact on the sexual QoL in all groups after surgery, and a significantly higher proportion of patients experienced deterioration in sexual QoL following EO surgical repair. Our results demonstrate the need for a prospective study.
A Reproducibility Study of Corpus Cavernosum Electromyography in Young Healthy Volunteers Under Controlled Conditions
Authors: Jiang Xiaogang , Holsheimer Jan , Wagner Gorm , Mulders Peter , Wijkstra Hessel , Meuleman Eric 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although the corpus cavernosum electromyography (CC-EMG) has been studied already for 16 years, doubts regarding its reproducibility have remained.

Aim
To assess the reproducibility of CC-EMG under controlled conditions and the influence of confounding factors.

Methods
Three CC-EMG recording sessions were performed in 13 healthy young men under the same conditions. Furthermore, the effects of potentially confounding factors, such as intake of caffeine, alcohol and smoking, and sexual activity, were investigated in the same population. Using auto- and cross-correlation techniques, CC-potentials were characterized with parameters amplitude (A), duration (D), dominant frequency (DF), maximum cross-correlation coefficient of longitudinal and bilateral CC-potential pairs (Rmax-lon. and Rmax-bi.), and propagation velocity (PV).

Main Outcome Measures
Comparison of CC-EMG parameters A, D, DF, Rmax-lon., and Rmax-bi. between three recording sessions and assessment of the impact of confounding factors on these parameters.

Results
DF, D, A, and Rmax-lon. showed significant correlations among three sessions; PV showed significant correlations between two sessions performed within the same day but not between those performed on different days; Rmax-bi. did not show significant correlations between any two sessions. Intake of caffeine, alcohol, and smoking did not affect CC-potentials, while the recordings shortly after ejaculation showed more irregular oscillations and less CC-potentials with smaller A.

Conclusion
CC-potential parameters DF, D, A, and Rmax-lon. have been demonstrated to be reproducible. The results provide a basis for the clinical and scientific application of CC-EMG. CC-potentials are not sensitive to confounding factors such as intake of caffeine, alcohol, and smoking, while measurements shortly after ejaculation should be avoided.
Reporter Metabolite Analysis of Transcriptional Profiles of a
Staphylococcus aureus
Strain with Normal Phenotype and Its Isogenic
hemB
Mutant Displaying the Small-Colony-Variant Phenotype
Authors: Seggewiß Jochen , Becker Karsten , Kotte Oliver , Eisenacher Martin , Yazdi Mohammad Reza Khoschkhoi , Fischer Andreas , McNamara Peter , Al Laham Nahed , Proctor Richard , Peters Georg , Heinemann Matthias , von Eiff Christof 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

In this study, full-genome DNA microarrays based on the sequence of
Staphylococcus aureus
N315 were used to compare the transcriptome of a clinical
S. aureus
strain with a normal phenotype to that of its isogenic mutant with a stable small-colony-variant (SCV) phenotype (
hemB
::
ermB
). In addition to standard statistical analyses, systems biology advances were applied to identify reporter metabolites and to achieve a more detailed survey of genome-wide expression differences between the
hemB
mutant and its parental strain. Genes of enzymes involved in glycolytic and fermentative pathways were found to be up-regulated in the
hemB
mutant. Furthermore, our analyses allowed identification of additional differences between the normal-phenotype
S. aureus
and the SCV, most of which were related to metabolism. Profound differences were identified especially in purine biosynthesis as well as in arginine and proline metabolism. Of particular interest, a hypothetical gene of the Crp/Fnr family (SA2424) that is part of the arginine-deiminase (AD) pathway, whose homologue in
Streptococcus suis
is assumed to be involved in intracellular persistence, showed significantly increased transcription in the
hemB
mutant. The
hemB
mutant potentially uses the up-regulated AD pathway to produce ATP or (through ammonia production) to counteract the acidic environment that prevails intracellularly. Moreover, genes involved in capsular polysaccharide and cell wall synthesis were found to be significantly up-regulated in the
hemB
mutant and therefore potentially responsible for the changed cell morphology of SCVs. In conclusion, the identified differences may be responsible for the SCV phenotype and its association with chronic and persistent infections.
High-Molecular-Weight Complexes of RsbR and Paralogues in the Environmental Signaling Pathway ofBacillus subtilis
Authors: Delumeau Olivier , Chen Chien-Cheng , Murray James W. , Yudkin Michael D. , Lewis Richard J. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTBacillus subtilishas developed an intricate signal transduction cascade to respond to the imposition of a variety of stresses on the cell. Reversible protein phosphorylation and the formation of alternative protein-protein complexes modulate the activity of σB, the RNA polymerase sigma factor subunit responsible for the transcription of the general stress response genes. Some of the regulators of σB, such as RsbR and RsbS, are known to associate in a 25S complex, called the stressosome, that can bind RsbT until RsbT phosphorylates target residues in RsbR and RsbS. To date, the RsbR-RsbS complex appears to be the most upstream component of the σBregulatory pathway. This large structure is thought to play an important role in sensing and/or integrating signals from different physical stresses. The roles of the paralogues of RsbR that are found inB. subtilisremain unclear. We describe here how the RsbR paralogues copurify with RsbR fromB. subtiliscell lysates, and we demonstrate in vitro that the paralogues form large complexes either with RsbS or with a prepurified RsbR-RsbS binary complex. We conclude from these biochemical studies that stressosomes inB. subtiliscells contain minimally RsbS and all of the RsbT-phosphorylatable RsbR paralogues.
Two Chemosensory Operons of
Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Are Regulated Independently by Sigma 28 and Sigma 54
Authors: Martin Angela C. , Gould Marcus , Byles Elaine , Roberts Mark A. J. , Armitage Judith P. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Rhodobacter sphaeroides
has a complex chemosensory system, with several loci encoding multiple homologues of the components required for chemosensing in
Escherichia coli.
The operons
che
Op2 and
che
Op3 each encode complete pathways, and both are essential for chemosensing. The components of
che
Op2 are predominantly localized to the cell pole, whereas those encoded by
che
Op3 are predominantly targeted to a discrete cluster in the cytoplasm. Here we show that the expression of the two pathways is regulated independently. Overlapping promoters recognized by σ
28
and σ
70
RNAP holoenzyme transcribe
che
Op2, whereas
che
Op3 is regulated by one of the four σ
54
homologues, RpoN3. The different regulation of these operons may reflect the need for balancing responses to extra- and intracellular signals under different growth conditions.
Bile-Induced Curing of the Virulence Plasmid in
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Typhimurium
Authors: García-Quintanilla Meritxell , Prieto Ana I. , Barnes Laurent , Ramos-Morales Francisco , Casadesús Josep 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Exposure to bile induces curing of the virulence plasmid in
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium (pSLT). Disruption of the
ccdB
gene increases pSLT curing, both spontaneous and induced by bile, suggesting that the pSLT
ccdAB
genes may encode a homolog of the CcdAB addiction module previously described in the F sex factor. Unlike the F sex factor, synthesis of pSLT-encoded pili does not confer bile sensitivity. These observations may provide insights into the evolution of virulence plasmids in
Salmonella
subspecies I, as well as the causes of virulence plasmid loss in other
Salmonella
subspecies.
Genetic Reclassification of Histologic Grade Delineates New Clinical Subtypes of Breast Cancer
Authors: Ivshina Anna V. , George Joshy , Senko Oleg , Mow Benjamin , Putti Thomas C. , Smeds Johanna , Lindahl Thomas , Pawitan Yudi , Hall Per , Nordgren Hans , Wong John E.L. , Liu Edison T. , Bergh Jonas , Kuznetsov Vladimir A. , Miller Lance D. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Histologic grading of breast cancer defines morphologic subtypes informative of metastatic potential, although not without considerable interobserver disagreement and clinical heterogeneity particularly among the moderately differentiated grade 2 (G2) tumors. We posited that a gene expression signature capable of discerning tumors of grade 1 (G1) and grade 3 (G3) histology might provide a more objective measure of grade with prognostic benefit for patients with G2 disease. To this end, we studied the expression profiles of 347 primary invasive breast tumors analyzed on Affymetrix microarrays. Using class prediction algorithms, we identified 264 robust grade-associated markers, six of which could accurately classify G1 and G3 tumors, and separate G2 tumors into two highly discriminant classes (termed G2a and G2b genetic grades) with patient survival outcomes highly similar to those with G1 and G3 histology, respectively. Statistical analysis of conventional clinical variables further distinguished G2a and G2b subtypes from each other, but also from histologic G1 and G3 tumors. In multivariate analyses, genetic grade was consistently found to be an independent prognostic indicator of disease recurrence comparable with that of lymph node status and tumor size. When incorporated into the Nottingham prognostic index, genetic grade enhanced detection of patients with less harmful tumors, likely to benefit little from adjuvant therapy. Our findings show that a genetic grade signature can improve prognosis and therapeutic planning for breast cancer patients, and support the view that low- and high-grade disease, as defined genetically, reflect independent pathobiological entities rather than a continuum of cancer progression. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10292-301)
A Repressive Epigenetic Domino Effect Confers Susceptibility to Breast Epithelial Cell Transformation: Implications for Predicting Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Bistulfi Gaia , Pozzi Silvia , Ren MingQiang , Rossetti Stefano , Sacchi Nicoletta 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a master epigenetic regulator that plays a pivotal role in both breast morphogenesis and development. Here, we show for the first time that RA, via the RA receptor α (RARα), epigenetically regulates in a concerted fashion the transcription of two RA-responsive genes, the RA receptor β2 (RARβ2) and the cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1). Specifically, an impaired RA signal through RARα in human breast epithelial cells triggers a repressive epigenetic domino effect, involving first RARβ2 and second CRBP1. The phenotype acquired by breast epithelial cells clearly implies that the resistance to RA-mediated growth inhibition precedes the acquisition of morphological epithelial transformation, thus supporting the occurrence of sequential transcriptional silencing of first RARβ2 and second CRBP1. The identification of this epigenetic network mechanistically linking RARβ2 and CRBP1 transcription provides the basis for devising more accurate epigenetic tests for the prediction of breast cancer risk.(Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10308-14)
Combined Stimulation with Interleukin-18 and CpG Induces Murine Natural Killer Dendritic Cells to Produce IFN-γ and Inhibit Tumor Growth
Authors: Chaudhry Umer I. , Kingham T. Peter , Plitas George , Katz Steven C. , Raab Jesse R. , DeMatteo Ronald P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNatural killer dendritic cells (NKDC) are a novel subtype of dendritic cells with natural killer (NK) cell properties. IFN-γ is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in the innate immune response to tumors. Based on our previous finding that the combination of Toll-like receptor 9 ligand CpG and interleukin (IL)-4 stimulates NKDC to produce IFN-γ, we hypothesized that NKDC are the major IFN-γ-producing dendritic cell subtype and may play a significant role in the host antitumor response. We found that under several conditions in vitro and in vivo NKDC accounted for the majority of IFN-γ production by murine spleen CD11c+ cells. IL-18 alone induced NKDC to secrete IFN-γ, and the combination of IL-18 and CpG resulted in a synergistic increase in IFN-γ production, both in vitro and in vivo. NK cells made 26-fold less IFN-γ under the same conditions in vitro, whereas dendritic cells produced a negligible amount. The mechanism of IFN-γ secretion by NKDC depended on IL-12. NKDC selectively proliferated in vitro and in vivo in response to the combination of IL-18 and CpG. Systemic treatment with IL-18 and CpG reduced the number of B16F10 melanoma lung metastases. The mechanism depended on NK1.1+ cells, as their depletion abrogated the effect. IL-18 and CpG activated NKDC provided greater tumor protection than NK cells in IFN-γ−/− mice. Thus, NKDC are the major dendritic cell subtype to produce IFN-γ. The combined use of IL-18 and CpG is a viable strategy to potentiate the antitumor function of NKDC. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10497-504)
TMPRSS2 Fusions with Oncogenic ETS Factors in Prostate Cancer Involve Unbalanced Genomic Rearrangements and Are Associated with HDAC1 and Epigenetic Reprogramming
Authors: Iljin Kristiina , Wolf Maija , Edgren Henrik , Gupta Santosh , Kilpinen Sami , Skotheim Rolf I. , Peltola Mari , Smit Frank , Verhaegh Gerald , Schalken Jack , Nees Matthias , Kallioniemi Olli 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Translocations fusing the strong androgen-responsive gene, TMPRSS2, with ERG or other oncogenic ETS factors may facilitate prostate cancer development. Here, we studied 18 advanced prostate cancers for ETS factor alterations, using reverse transcription-PCR and DNA and RNA array technologies, and identified putative ERG downstream gene targets from the microarray data of 410 prostate samples. Out of the 27 ETS factors, ERG was most frequently overexpressed. Seven cases showed TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusions, whereas the TMPRSS2:ETV4 fusion was seen in one case. In five out of six tumors with high ERG expression, array-CGH analysis revealed interstitial 2.8 Mb deletions between the TMPRSS2 and ERG loci, or smaller, unbalanced rearrangements. In silico analysis of the ERG gene coexpression patterns revealed an association with high expression of the histone deacetylase 1 gene, and low expression of its target genes. Furthermore, we observed increased expression of WNT-associated pathways and down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor and cell death pathways. In summary, our data indicate that the TMPRSS2:ERG translocation is common in advanced prostate cancer and occurs by virtue of unbalanced genomic rearrangements. Activation of ERG by fusion with TMPRSS2 may lead to epigenetic reprogramming, WNT signaling, and down-regulation of cell death pathways, implicating ERG in several hallmarks of cancer with potential therapeutic importance. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10242-6)
Chromosomal Breakpoints Affecting Immunoglobulin Loci Are Recurrent in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg Cells of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Martín-Subero José I. , Klapper Wolfram , Sotnikova Anna , Callet-Bauchu Evelyne , Harder Lana , Bastard Christian , Schmitz Roland , Grohmann Susanne , Höppner Jorge , Riemke Jennifer , Barth Thomas F.E. , Berger Françoise , Bernd Heinz-Wolfram , Claviez Alexander , Gesk Stefan , Frank Georgiy A. , Kaplanskaya Irina B. , Möller Peter , Parwaresch Reza M. , Rüdiger Thomas , Stein Harald , Küppers Ralf , Hansmann Martin L. , Siebert Reiner ,   for the Deutsche Krebshilfe Network Project “Molecular Mechanisms in Malignant Lymphomas”
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Chromosomal breakpoints affecting immunoglobulin (IG) loci are recurrent in many subtypes of B-cell lymphomas. However, despite the predominant B-cell origin of the Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), the presence of chromosomal translocations in IG loci has not yet been systematically explored. Therefore, we have investigated a series of cHL for chromosomal breakpoints in the IGH (n = 230), IGL (n = 139), and IGK (n = 138) loci by interphase cytogenetics. Breakpoints in the IGH, IGL, or IGK locus were observed in the HRS cells of 26 of 149 (17%), 2 of 70, and 1 of 77 evaluable cHLs, respectively. The IG partners could be identified in eight cHLs and involved chromosomal bands 2p16 (REL), 3q27 (BCL6, two cases), 8q24.1 (MYC), 14q24.3, 16p13.1, 17q12, and 19q13.2 (BCL3/RELB). In 65 of 85 (76%) cHLs evaluable for an IGH triple-color probe, the HRS cells showed evidence for a (partial) deletion of the IGH constant region, suggesting the presence of class switch recombination (CSR). Furthermore, analyses with this probe in cases with IGH breakpoints indicated that at least part of them seem to be derived from CSR defects. Our results show that chromosomal breakpoints affecting the IG loci are recurrent in cHL. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10332-8)