bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix: p53 expression correlates with higher incidence of mortality
Authors: Baalbergen Astrid , Ewing‐Graham Patricia C. , Eijkemans Marinus J. , Helmerhorst Theo J.M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe investigated the significance of prognostic markers‐estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, p53, MIB‐1 and bcl‐2 ‐ in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. In 101 patients with primary cervical adenocarcinoma, treated from 1989 to 2000, we evaluated clinical parameters in relation to these prognostic markers. Mean age of patients was 45 years. Seventy eight percent of the patients were in FIGO stage I, 16% stage II, 7% stage III and IV. estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, p53 and bcl‐2 immunoreactivity was scored as 0 (up to 5% positive cells), 1+ (5–25% of cells positive), 2+ (26–50% of cells positive), 3+ (51–75% of cells positive) or 4+ (>76% of cells positive). MIB‐1 was scored in 10 categories: 0–10, 11–20, 21–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, 71–80, 81–90, 91–100. The overall survival rate was 67%. Survival was not influenced by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, MIB‐1, or bcl‐2 strongly positive staining. Only p53 showed significant influence on survival, even when adjusted for stage or tumor grade. In conclusion, it does not seems useful to determine estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, MIB‐1 or bcl‐2 in cervical adenocarcinomas as an indication of prognosis: survival is not influenced by presence or absence. However, if p53 staining is strongly positive survival is significantly worse than in tumors scored as negative or weak positive. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Breast cancer risk and erythrocyte compositions of n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in Japanese
Authors: Kuriki Kiyonori , Hirose Kaoru , Wakai Kenji , Matsuo Keitaro , Ito Hidemi , Suzuki Takeshi , Hiraki Akio , Saito Toshiko , Iwata Hiroji , Tatematsu Masae , Tajima Kazuo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDietary intake of fish rich in n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has been proposed to decrease cancer risk. In contrast to results from laboratory studies, however, protective effects for breast cancer have proved equivocal in epidemiological studies. In the present case‐control study, we examined associations between breast cancer risk and fatty acid compositions in erythrocyte membranes as biomarkers for those intakes. Dietary information and blood samples were collected from 103 incident breast cancer cases and 309 non‐cancer controls (matched by age and season) and erythrocyte fatty acids were measured using accelerated solvent extraction and gas‐liquid chromatography. Dietary intake of n‐3 HUFAs demonstrated a negative association with risk (the highest to the lowest tertile, odds ratio (OR), 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27–0.98; ptrend < 0.05), but there was no association with those of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and meat. Moreover, risk was inversely associated with erythrocyte compositions of EPA (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.14–0.53; ptrend < 0.0001), DHA (OR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.02–0.16; ptrend < 0.0001) and n‐3 HUFAs (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.05–0.24; ptrend < 0.0001), and positively with that of SFAs (OR, 12.29; 95% CI, 4.94–30.57; ptrend < 0.0001) and the ratio of SFAs/n‐3 HUFAs (OR, 14.65; 95% CI, 5.67–37.82; ptrend < 0.0001). In conclusion, we showed that erythrocyte compositions of specific fatty acids derived from fish intake, as biomarkers, are associated with lower risk of breast cancer, but further studies are needed to investigate mechanisms linked to the etiology. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonparametric estimation of concave production technologies by entropic methods
Authors: Allon Gad , Beenstock Michael , Hackman Steven , Passy Ury , Shapiro Alexander 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn econometric methodology is developed for nonparametric estimation of concave production technologies. The methodology, based on the principle of maximum likelihood, uses entropic distance and convex programming techniques to estimate production functions. Empirical applications are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the methodology in small and large datasets. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The transmission mechanism in a changing world
Authors: Artis Michael , Galvão Ana Beatriz , Marcellino Massimiliano 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe paper aims to identify those factors that cause changes in the speed and strength of the international transmission of output shocks from the USA to specified European economies. These factors are identified through the use of generalized impulse response functions conditioned on histories defined by an abrupt transition VAR. The chosen transition variables comprise changes in exchange rates, financial prices, international capital flows, trade links and monetary policy instruments. Besides the identification of asymmetric responses, the proposed model is useful in analyzing the strong effect of the recent US recession on the European economies and changes in business cycle synchronization over time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expectation horizon and the Phillips Curve: the solution to an empirical puzzle
Authors: Lee Jaejoon , Nelson Charles R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEstimates of the slope of the Phillips curve reported in the literature cover a range from roughly − 0.6 to zero depending on specification. Forward‐looking specifications, favored by theory, produce the smallest slope estimates. This paper addresses this puzzle by studying the bivariate process of inflation and unemployment in a fairly general unobserved components framework allowing for stochastic trends and related cycles. Analysis reveals that the slope of the implied Phillips curve will depend critically on the horizon of the forward‐looking inflation expectation provided the cyclical component of unemployment is highly persistent. Empirical analysis results show that is the case, suggesting that the choice of expectation horizon, generally set at one quarter in the New Keynesian literature, may play an important role in this debate. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evaluation of the forecasts of the federal reserve: a pooled approach
Authors: Clements Michael P. , Joutz Fred , Stekler Herman O. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Federal Reserve Greenbook forecasts of real GDP, inflation and unemployment are analysed for the period 1974–1997. We consider whether these forecasts exhibit systematic bias, and whether efficient use is made of information, that is, whether revisions to these forecasts over time are predictable. Rather than analyse the forecasts separately for each horizon of interest, we discuss and implement methods that pool information over horizons. We conclude that there is evidence of systematic bias and of forecast smoothing of the inflation forecasts. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High affinity interaction of integrin α4β1 (VLA‐4) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1) enhances migration of human melanoma cells across activated endothelial cell layers
Authors: Klemke Martin , Weschenfelder Tatjana , Konstandin Mathias H. , Samstag Yvonne 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe capacity of tumor cells to form metastatic foci correlates with their ability to interact with and migrate through endothelial cell layers. This process involves multiple adhesive interactions between tumor cells and the endothelium. Only little is known about the molecular nature of these interactions during extravasation of tumor cells. In human melanoma cells, the integrin αvβ3 is involved in transendothelial migration and its expression correlates with metastasis. However, many human melanoma cells do not express β3 integrins. Therefore, it remained unclear how these cells undergo transendothelial migration. In this study we show that human melanoma cells with different metastatic potency, which do not express β2 or β3 integrins, express the VCAM‐1 receptor α4β1. VCAM‐1 is up‐regulated on activated endothelial cells and is known to promote transendothelial migration of leukocytes. Interestingly, despite comparable cell surface levels of α4β1, only the highly metastatic melanoma cell lines MV3 and BLM, but not the low metastatic cell lines IF6 and 530, bind VCAM‐1 with high affinity without further stimulation, and are therefore able to adhere to and migrate on isolated VCAM‐1. Moreover, we demonstrate that function‐blocking antibodies against the integrin α4β1, as well as siRNA‐mediated knock‐down of the α4 subunit in these highly metastatic human melanoma cells reduce their transendothelial migration. These data imply that only high affinity interactions between the integrin α4β1 on melanoma cells and VCAM‐1 on activated endothelial cells may enhance the metastatic capacity of human β2/β3‐negative melanoma cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 368–374, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Echocardiographic aspects of hiatal hernia: A review
Authors: Khouzam Rami N. , Akhtar Asif , Minderman Daniel , Kaiser Jacqueline , D'Cruz Ivan A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIt was realized 20 years ago that the sonographic appearance of a diaphragmatic hernia could simulate a left atrial mass. Many papers have appeared on this topic since then, but they mainly consist of single case reports. Clinical symptoms due to cardiac compression by the hernia are uncommon but may occur if the hernia is very large; such patients have presented with episodes of syncope or dyspnea, typically after a large meal. Sonographers, cardiologists, gastroenterologists, and internists are generally not yet aware that sonographic presentations can be varied and are often perplexing. These include the combination of hiatal hernia with gastroesophageal reflux demonstrable in the subcostal view, and hiatal hernia in patients with ascites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Abdominal cocoon
Authors: Rokade Muktachand L. , Ruparel Mitosh , Agrawal Jugal B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAbdominal cocoon is a rare cause of small intestinal obstruction observed in young females in tropical regions. It manifests by forming a membrane that typically encases the small bowel loops, leading to mechanical obstruction. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult and is usually established during laparotomy. We report a case of abdominal cocoon in a young woman diagnosed on abdominal sonography. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Pentalogy of Cantrell: Sonographic assessment
Authors: Desselle Claire , Herve Philippe , Toutain Annick , Lardy Hubert , Sembely Catherine , Perrotin Franck 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPentalogy of Cantrell is a rare thoraco‐abdominal disruption with a variable association of abdominal wall, diaphragm, pericardium, sternum, and heart defects. Diagnosis is feasible on antenatal sonography. However, because prognosis depends on the extent of the defect, anatomic assessment is crucial for optimal parental counseling and decision‐making regarding the outcome of pregnancy. We report the use of 2‐dimensional and 3‐dimensional sonography in the diagnosis of pentalogy of Cantrell. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Splenic focal lesions as manifestation of sarcoidosis: Characterization with contrast‐enhanced sonography
Authors: Pérez‐Grueso María José , Repiso Alejandro , Gómez Rafael , Gonzalez Concepción , de Artaza Tomás , Valle Julio , García Almudena , Carrobles Jose María 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report the case of a 74‐year‐old woman with elevated liver enzyme levels in whom abdominal sonographic examination revealed a diffusely heterogeneous liver parenchyma and multiple hypoechoic subcentimetric splenic nodules. Contrast‐enhanced sonography (CEUS) revealed that the splenic focal lesions did not enhance. CT examination revealed a low‐density, multinodular pattern both in the liver and in the spleen. Core biopsy of 1 hepatic nodule revealed noncaseating epithelioid cell granuloma, and the patient was diagnosed with systemic sarcoidosis. CEUS has shown to be useful in the diagnosis of focal hepatic lesions, but studies referring to splenic lesions are lacking. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Biological evaluation and comparison of three different procedures for labelling of amino acids tyrosine and lysine with technetium‐99m
Authors: Djokić D. , Janković D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe 99mTc‐labelling of the amino acids tyrosine (Tyr) and lysine (Lys), fundamental building blocks of proteins and peptides, as well as biological properties of the labelled compounds are investigated. Three different approaches for the labelling with 99mTc have been investigated: direct reduction with stannous tin in the presence of the amino acids, the preformed chelate approach through polydentate chelates DTPA and GH, and the ‘organometallic approach’ using [99m Tc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ precursor. The direct labelling approach was not successful and the yield was poor. In the presence of DTPA and GH, the labelling efficiency was between 43.6 and 97.8%, depending on the amino acid and the polydentate chelate. The use of [99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ precursor point at the formation of 99m Tc(I) co‐ordinated complexes with high yield. In this approach, pH and heating influenced the yields. The results of organ distribution study for [99mTc(Tyr)(H2O)(CO)3] and [99mTc(Lys)(H2O)(CO)3] show accumulation in liver, kidneys and intestine. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and 124I‐labeling of m‐iodophenylpyrrolomorphinan as a potential PET imaging agent for delta opioid (DOP) receptors
Authors: Akgün Eyup , Portoghese Philip S. , Sajjad Munawwar , Nabi Hani A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCondensation of phenylazo‐β‐ketoamide 4 with oxymorphone 5 afforded an m‐iodophenylpyrrolomorphinan (m‐IPPM) 6 mediated by elemental zinc in acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer. m‐IPPM 6 is a novel opioid receptor agonist (Ki = 4.53 nM for DOP) with high selectivity for DOP receptors. m‐IPPM 6 was converted into the positron emitter m‐[124I]PPM 8 via the stannylated intermediate 7. The final yield was 24.5 ± 1.9 % (n = 6) with a specific activity of 2.5 ± 1.2 Ci/µmol. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A tin precursor for the synthesis of no‐carrier‐added [*I]MIBG and [211At]MABG
Authors: Vaidyanathan Ganesan , Affleck Donna J. , Alston Kevin L. , Zalutsky Michael R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRadioiodinated MIBG has shown considerable promise as an imaging agent for cardiac and oncologic applications, and also as a targeted radiotherapeutic for treating patients with neuroendocrine tumors. This radiolabeled agent, synthesized at a no‐carrier‐added level, has demonstrated advantages over the carrier‐added preparation in preliminary clinical studies. Earlier we developed a silicon precursor from which both radioiodinated MIBG and the α‐particle‐emitting 211At analog [211At]MABG could be synthesized at a no‐carrier‐added level. In order to increase the practicality of this approach, we have developed a synthesis of a tin precursor in two steps from a readily available starting material. This tin precursor, N, N′‐bis(tert‐butyloxycarbonyl)‐3‐(trimethylstannyl)benzylguanidine (Bis‐Boc MTMSBG) was evaluated for the synthesis of n.c.a. [*I]MIBG and [211At]MABG via halodestannylation. The radiochemical yields were 83 ± 9% (n=7), 30 ± 21% (n=2), 77 ± 2% (n=2), and 66 ± 7% (n=4) for labeling with 131I, 124I, 125I, and 211At, respectively. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of deuterium‐labelled meloxicam and piroxicam
Authors: Balssa Frédéric , Bonnaire Yves 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFour step syntheses of deuterium‐labelled meloxicam and piroxicam from saccharin via selective CD3I alkylation are described. Labelled oxicams are of great interest for qualitative and/or quantitative isotope dilution‐mass spectrometry, coupled with liquid chromatography, currently performed in anti‐doping and forensic laboratories. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatobiliary MRI: Current concepts and controversies
Authors: Glockner James F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEvaluation of the liver and biliary system is a frequent indication for abdominal MRI. Hepatobiliary MRI comprises a set of noninvasive techniques that are usually very effective in answering most clinical questions. There are significant limitations, however, as well as considerable variation and disagreement regarding the optimal protocols for standard hepatic MRI and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography (MRCP). This review discusses pulse sequences most often used in hepatic MRI and MRCP, examines a few sources of controversy in the current literature, and summarizes some recent and future developments in the field. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of different condensed tannin‐containing forages, forage maturity and nitrogen fertiliser application on the formation of indole and skatole in in vitro rumen fermentations
Authors: Schreurs Nicola M , Tavendale Michael H , Lane Geoffrey A , Barry Tom N , López‐Villalobos Nicolas , McNabb Warren C 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe objectives of this work were to establish the effect of seven different forages with a varied condensed tannin (CT) content, plant maturity and nitrogen fertiliser application on the ruminal formation of skatole and indole using an in vitro method designed to mimic rumen fermentation conditions. After 10 h of incubation, the concentration of indole and skatole was highest when incubating white clover (P < 0.05). Polyethylene glycol addition, to inhibit CT, showed that CT significantly reduced the formation of indole and skatole when incubating Lotus corniculatus, sulla, Dorynium rectum and Lotus pedunculatus (P < 0.01). Mature forage growth resulted in a significantly lower concentration of indole and skatole being formed in vitro compared to the incubation of new spring growth (P < 0.001). A higher application of nitrogen fertiliser to perennial ryegrass‐based pasture resulted in a higher crude protein concentration in the plant and a significantly higher concentration of skatole formed in vitro (P < 0.001). Forages containing CT reduced the conversion of endogenous protein to indole and skatole and plants containing a higher CT concentration tended to be more effective, but compositional differences of CT between forages may also have had an influence. New forage growth or swards that had a high application of nitrogen fertiliser promoted the formation of indole and skatole. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Repurchase loyalty: The role of involvement and satisfaction
Authors: Olsen Svein Ottar 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMost studies of satisfaction and loyalty focus on the brand level of decision making. Involvement, on the other hand, is mainly defined and measured on the product category level. This study explores this gap by investigating the role of product category involvement and satisfaction in the formation of repurchase loyalty toward a product category. The study proposes alternative models that suggest that involvement may be an antecedent, a motivational mediator as well as a moderator, between satisfaction and repurchase loyalty. Secondly, it discusses the relative importance of satisfaction in forming involvement and loyalty by introducing social norms and perceived control (opportunity) as alternative antecedents. Involvement proved to be a complete mediator between satisfaction and repurchase loyalty, and a partial mediator between social norm/perceived control and loyalty. Involvement as a moderator was not supported. Social norms showed nearly the same ability as individual satisfaction in explaining variance in product category involvement. However, perceived control had a significant direct influence on repurchase loyalty, but the relationship between perceived control and involvement was not significant. Implications of these findings for satisfaction–loyalty development and research are explored. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scope for Accessing the Chain Length Dependence of the Termination Rate Coefficient for Disparate Length Radicals in Acrylate Free Radical Polymerization
Authors: Lovestead Tara M. , Davis Thomas P. , Stenzel Martina H. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA method that utilizes reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) chemistry is evaluated on a theoretical basis to deduce the termination rate coefficient for disparate length radicals k in acrylate free radical polymerization, where s and l represent the arbitrary yet disparate chain lengths from either a “short” or “long” RAFT distribution. The method is based on a previously developed method for elucidation of k for the model monomer system styrene. The method was expanded to account for intramolecular chain transfer (i.e., the formation of mid‐chain radicals via backbiting) and the free radical polymerization kinetic parameters of methyl acrylate. Simulations show that the method's predictive capability is sensitive to the polymerization rate's dependence on monomer concentration, i.e., the virtual monomer reaction order, which varies with the termination rate coefficient's value and chain length dependence. However, attaining the virtual monomer reaction order is a facile process and once known the method developed here that accounts for mid‐chain radicals and virtual monomer reaction orders other than one seems robust enough to elucidate the chain length dependence of k for the more complex acrylate free radical polymerization.
RAFT Polymerization: Adding to the Picture
Authors: Rizzardo Ezio , Chen Ming , Chong Bill , Moad Graeme , Skidmore Melissa , Thang San H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSUMMARY: Factors affecting the choice of RAFT agent [RSC(Z) = S] for a given polymerization are discussed. For polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), tertiary cyanoalkyl trithiocarbonates provide very good control over molecular weight and distribution and polymerizations show little retardation. The secondary trithiocarbonate RAFT agents with R = CHPh(CN) also gives good control but an inhibition period attributed to slow reinitiation is manifest. Radical induced reduction with hypophosphite salts provides a clean and convenient process for removal of thiocarbonylthio end groups of RAFT‐synthesized polymers. Two methods providing simultaneous control over stereochemistry and molecular weight distribution of chains formed by radical polymerization are reported. Polymerization of MMA in the presence of scandium triflate provides a more isotactic PMMA. A similar RAFT polymerization with trithiocarbonate RAFT agents also provides control and avoids issues of RAFT agent instability seen with dithiobenzoate RAFT agents in the presence of Lewis acids. RAFT polymerization of tetramethylammonium methacrylate at 45 °C provides a more syndiotactic PMMA of controlled molecular weight and distribution (after methylation; mm:mr:rr 2:21:77 compared to 3:35:62 when formed by bulk polymerization of MMA).