bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cd(1–x)Mn(x)In2S4 (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) spinel system: an X‐ray powder diffraction study
Authors: Delgado G. E. , Betancourt L. , Sagredo V. , Morón M. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCompositions of the Cd(1–x)Mn(x)In2S4 system (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) were synthesized by the melt and annealing technique and grown by the chemical vapor transport method. The magnetic cation distributions have been estimated by X‐ray powder diffraction structure refinements using the Rietveld method. These alloys form a solid solution in all the range of compositions and crystallize with cubic symmetry in the space group Fd 3m. All phases show a spinel structure with a random arrangement of cations. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of localized B and N states on the magneto‐transport of (B,Ga,In)As and (Ga,In)(N,As)
Authors: Teubert J. , Klar P. J. , Heimbrodt W. , Gottschalch V. , Lindsay A. , O'Reilly E. P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMagneto‐transport properties of n‐ and p‐type (B,Ga,In)As and (Ga,In)(N,As) were studied in the temperature range from 2 to 300 K and in magnetic fields up to 10 T and at hydrostatic pressures up to 16 kbar. The magneto‐transport in (B,Ga,In)As and (Ga,In)(N,As) is very similar. P‐type samples show normal semiconductor behaviour whereas the electron transport in both alloys is strongly affected by the interaction of the free carriers with the density of states of localized B and N impurity states, respectively. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure and stability of glycine–(H2O)3 cluster and anion: Zwitterion vs. canonical glycine
Authors: Park Sung‐Woo , Im Suk , Lee Sungyul , Desfrançois C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCalculations are presented for the glycine–(H2O) cluster anion, with glycine in canonical or zwitterionic form. The zwitterionic anions are predicted to be considerably lower in energy than the canonical anions, and the latter forms are found to be prone to isomerization to the zwitterionic anions. Therefore, we predict that the zwitterionic anions would be observed predominantly in the gas phase at low temperature. In contrast, calculated stability of neutral glycine–(H2O)3 clusters indicates that only the canonical forms of the anions would be observed in photoelectron experiments, if anions are produced from preformed neutrals. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Optimization of microfabricated nanoliter‐scale solid‐phase extraction device for detection of gel‐separated proteins in low abundance by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Wenzhang , Shen Jing , Yin Xuefeng , Yu Yingnian 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA nano‐scale solid‐phase extraction (SPE) device was developed for the detection of gel‐separated proteins in low abundance by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) with a simplified microfabrication technology. By using SU‐8 photoresist instead of epoxy glue to connect the microchannel and transfer capillary, polymeric contaminant signals in MS analysis were significantly reduced. Micro SPE columns with different capacities and geometric characteristics were investigated in order to increase the detection sensitivity and decrease spot size for MALDI‐TOF‐MS analysis. It is shown that enhancements in sensitivities for the detection of proteins in low abundance were correlated with the reduction in column capacity and increase in column aspect ratio. Fifty nanoliters of matrix solution were sufficient to elute the sample completely from the optimized micro SPE column with 3.5 nL capacity. The mass spectrum of a 5 fmol in‐gel tryptic digest of bovine serum albumin (BSA), processed by the micro SPE column, demonstrated that 29 peptides matched the protein giving a sequence coverage of 51%, which was better than that obtained from analysis of 25 fmol of the same sample prepared by the dried‐droplet method. With the micro SPE column treatment of 2 µL of digestion supernatant of a gel spot of the IQGAP1 protein, 15 peptides were detected from the mass spectrum with the highest individual score of 111, while, with a ZipTip procedure, only nine peaks were detected with the highest individual score of 71. Analytical results demonstrated that this approach greatly improved the sequence coverage and identification specificity for the tested protein. It can serve as a very useful tool in proteomics studies, especially for low abundance proteins. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Music intervention for 5th and 6th graders—effects on development and cortisol secretion
Authors: Lindblad Frank , Hogmark Åsa , Theorell Töres 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjective: To investigate effects of increased music education for 5–6th graders.Design, subjects and interventions: During the school year 1 hour music education was added each week for two classes. These were compared with classes receiving 1 hour extra data education and classes following ordinary curriculum.Outcome measures: Questionnaires: Students were given ‘I think I am’ (measuring self‐esteem) and Social Anxiety Scale for Children‐Revised (SASC‐R) (measuring social anxiety). Parents were given Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory‐Parental version (SPAI‐P) (measuring social phobia) and Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL) (measuring psychopathology).Biological measures: Saliva samples for cortisol were collected on three occasions during the school year, each day four samples (at awakening, 30min later, 1h after lunch, before going to bed).Results: The music intervention group had significantly (F = 4.98, p = 0.01) lowered levels of cortisol during the afternoon at the end of the school year. Interaction (group and time) analyses concerning afternoon cortisol levels were not significant (F = 1.97, p = 0.11). There were no significant differences over time within or between the groups on the psychological instruments.Conclusions: Even if not conclusive, the findings suggest that the music intervention may have been of benefit. For a full‐scale investigation larger study groups are recommended and special attention to the specificity of interventions and to motivating non‐intervention classes for participating. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relation between stress and other life style factors
Authors: Roohafza Hamidreza , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Sarraf‐Zadegan Nizal , Baghaei Abdolmehdi , Kelishadi Roya , Mahvash Masoud , Sajjadi Firoozeh , Toghianifar Nafiseh , Talaei Mohammad 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjective: To describe and evaluate the relationship between stress and other lifestyle behaviors.Methods: A cross‐sectional study within the context of an Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP). Demographic details (age, gender, marital status and educational level) and lifestyle variables including diet (fruit and vegetable consumption), smoking status, daily physical activity and psychological distress were recorded. Data were analyzed by t‐test, χ2 and logistic regression.Setting: Central Iranian country of Isfahan, Najaf‐Abad and Arak.Participants: Five thousand and eight hundred and ninety‐two adults over 19 years of age.Results: Mean age of all participants was 40.5 (15.4) years and 36 per cent of them had high stress levels. High stress levels were negatively associated with fruit and vegetable consumption, non‐smoking and marriage. Conversely, the female gender and less than 6 years of education were positively associated with stress levels. Physical activity was not found to be associated with stress.Conclusion: This study demonstrated an association between high stress levels and other unhealthy lifestyle factors. Hence, special attention must be paid to intervention programs aimed at modifying lifestyle and providing education on stress management techniques. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individual differences in hostility and habituation of cardiovascular reactivity to stress
Authors: Hughes Brian M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIt is well established that people with hostile interpersonal styles are at increased risk for coronary heart disease. One mechanism thought to underlie such links is cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) to stress. Despite the fact that laboratory studies have demonstrated links between hostility and CVR, questions remain as to the generalizability of such findings over time and to extra‐laboratory settings. The present study sought to focus on the relationship between hostility and separate repeated measures of CVR, thereby capturing the potential for CVR to habituate. Ninety healthy adults (45 males, 45 females) underwent standardized CVR assessments. Participants were tested twice, allowing for scrutiny of habituation patterns. All participants provided assessments of hostility based on the Cook–Medley Hostility Scale, and were categorized as either high or low on hostility. As in previous research, hostility was found to exert significant influences on diastolic blood pressure but not on systolic blood pressure or heart rate. Revealing effects of hostility on CVR habituation were found. High‐hostile participants exhibited substantial CVR habituation to stress, whereas low‐hostile participants did not. The findings reveal influences of hostility on cardiovascular functioning that would not be captured in traditional laboratory research and may reveal psychosomatic pathways between hostility and disease not previously explored. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender, work‐based support and family outcomes
Authors: Thompson Briony M. , Cavallaro Lauren 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWork‐based support has effects on family outcomes (Thompson, Kirk, & Brown, Stress and Health, 2005, 21, 199–207), suggesting that the effects of work‐based support are transmitted to the family environment through some mediating mechanism. This study examines two potential mediating mechanisms, emotional exhaustion and work interference with family (WIF). It was expected that women would report higher levels of work support, and work support would have a stronger relationship with outcomes for women. Gender as a moderator of the relationships between work support, and emotional exhaustion, WIF, and family environment (family cohesion, family conflict) was tested via regression analyses. Eighty‐one males (43.3 per cent) and 106 females (56.7 per cent), and their spouse/partners participated in the study. Women reported higher levels of coworker support than men, and support from supervisors predicted WIF only for women. Gender did not moderate the work support—family environment relationship. WIF, but not emotional exhaustion, mediated the relationship between supervisor and coworker support, and employee reports of family cohesion. Spouse/partner reports of family environment were not predicted by the study variables. Thus, work support reduces employee negative perceptions of the family environment through reduced work–family stress, and the impact is similar for men and women. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lateral Manipulation of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes on H‐Passivated Si(100) Surfaces with an Ultrahigh‐Vacuum Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Authors: Albrecht Peter M. , Lyding Joseph W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractUltrahigh‐vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) can be used for the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules into complex arrangements for sensitive electrical and structural characterization. However, the systematic UHV STM manipulation of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), high‐aspect‐ratio molecular wires derived from graphene that exist in both semiconducting and metallic forms, has yet to be reported. In this work, we demonstrate the room‐temperature lateral manipulation of ≈1‐nm‐diameter SWNTs on UHV‐prepared, hydrogen‐passivated Si(100) surfaces. We show the reproducible actuation of SWNTs having lengths as small as 13 nm, along with the partial division of a two‐tube bundle. Moreover, UHV STM desorption of H at the SWNT/Si interface is introduced as a means of locally strengthening the interaction between the tube and the surface. The UHV STM manipulation scheme described here is potentially extensible to the orientational control of SWNTs interfaced with atomically clean semiconducting surfaces, such as InAs(110), GaAs(110), and unpassivated Si(100), for which first‐principles calculations based on density functional theory have been reported recently in the literature.
Comparison of experimental techniques used in lipid crystallization studies
Authors: Wright A. J. , Narine S. S. , Marangoni A. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFour methods were used to monitor the crystallization behavior of anhydrous milk fat (AMF), milk fat triacylglycerols (MF‐TAG), and MF‐TAG plus diacylglycerols (MF‐DAG). The crystallization process was monitored by measuring the solid fat content, turbidity, and scattering intensity of the crystallizing material, as well as by imaging using polarized light microscopy combined with digital image processing. In general, induction times followed the order MF‐DAG>AMF>MF‐TAG for all techniques. However, the absolute value for the induction times differed substantially; on average 3 min by microscopy, 7 min by light‐scattering spectroscopy, 13 min by turbidimetry, and 25 min by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance. Microscopic imaging coupled to image processing proved to be the most sensitive method, suitable for the study of early events in the crystallization of fats.
Optimization of coomassie staining for quantitative densitometry of soybean storage proteins in gradient gel electrophoresis
Authors: Kwanyuen Prachuab , Wilson Richard F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSoybean (Glycine maxL. Merr., cv. Dare) protein subunits were separated by gradient gel electrophoresis and analyzed by two‐dimensional densitometry with computer‐aided volume integration. Significant differences in the time required to achieve equilibrium staining with Coomassie Blue were revealed among the various polypeptides. Bands corresponding to lipoxygenase reached staining equilibrium in 2.7 h, whereas longer periods were required for polypeptides of β‐conglycinin (5.5 to 6.7 h) and of glycinin (8.6 to 9.2 h). These differences among polypeptides could be attributed in part to changes in gradient concentration within the polyacrylamide gel. Optimal staining intensity among all soluble proteins extracted from soybean seed was reached after staining for 8 h. Shorter than optimal staining times lead to significant underestimation of parameters such as the percentage of β‐conglycinin and glycinin of total soluble protein.
Analysis of products, mechanisms of reaction, and some functional properties of soy protein hydrolysates
Authors: Molina Ortiz Sara E. , Cristina An Mara 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSoybean protein isolates were hydrolyzed with papain, bromelain, cucurbita, hieronymin, and pomiferin. The highest hydrolysis rate for cucurbita and the lowest for papain was detected at 720 min. Gel filtration, reversed‐phase liquid chromatography, and electrophoresis showed that the action of each protease was different. Pomiferin acted on the native structure of β‐conglycinin and glycinin, generating a large number of small hydrolysis products with hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics. The hydrolysates obtained with cucurbita showed residual structures that were almost intact and very similar to the substrate and contained a low number of small peptides. The hydrolyzates obtained with papain, bromelain, and hieronymin had hydrolysis products with structures similar to the partially hydrolyzed native isolate. The molecular masses of these products were similar to or lower than the controls. Polypeptides of low molecular mass were also detected. The prevalence of one‐by‐one and zipper mechanisms was suggested for cucurbita and pomiferin, respectively. For the other proteases both mechanisms were likely to coexist. The solubility of hydrolysates and their ability to form and stabilize foams correlated well with the structural properties and with the suggested mechanisms of hydrolysis. The best properties were presented by the hydrolysates prepared with cucurbita. Foaming ability for pomiferin hydrolysates was as high as that for unhydrolyzed soy isolate, but the foams were extremely unstable.
Influence of triacylglycerol characterics on the determination of free fatty acids in vegetable oils by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Verleyen T. , Verhe R. , Cano A. , Huyghebaert A. , De Greyt W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA rapid and direct Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic method using a 25‐μm NaCl transmission cell was developed for the determination of free fatty acids (FFA) in six important vegetable oils (corn, soybean, sunflower, palm, palm kernel, and coconut oils) that differ in fatty acid profile. The calibrations were established by adding either standard FFA (oleic, lauric acids) or a representative mixture of FFA obtained after saponification of the refined oils. For all oils, up to a FFA level of 6.5% for coconut oil, the best correlation coefficient was obtained by linear regression of the free carboxyl absorption at 1711 cm−1. All correlation coefficients were greater than 0.993, and no significant difference between the calibration methods could be detected. Upon validation of the calibration, no significant difference (α=0.05) between the “actual” and the “FTIR predicted” FFA values could be observed. The calibration models developed for the six oils differed significantly and indicate the need to develop a calibration that is specific for each oil. In terms of repeatability and accuracy, the FTIR method developed was excellent. Because of its simplicity, quick analysis time of less than 2 min, and minimal use of solvents and labor, the introduction of FTIR spectroscopy into laboratory routine for FFA determination should be considered.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics as a tool for the rapid detection of other vegetable fats mixed in cocoa butter
Authors: Goodacre Royston , Anklam Elke 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique in combination with multivariate data evaluation was used to analyze a wide variety of cocoa butters (CB), cocoa butter equivalents (CBE), and mixtures thereof. The sample set consisted of 14 CB (10 pure from various geographical origins and 4 commercial mixtures), 18 CBE (12 mixtures and 6 pure CBE from kokum, illipé, and palm midfraction), and 154 mixtures of CB with CBE at various concentrations (ranging from 5 to 20%). A total of 192 samples were analyzed in triplicate. All CB and CBE were shown to have very characteristic FTIR spectra that gave highly reproducible fingerprints. The main vibrational modes were also elucidated. FTIR can easily be employed to distinguish between pure CB and pure CBE. With prior knowledge of which cocoa butter is present in mixtures, FTIR can be applied to distinguish between CB mixed with CBE at the 10 and 20% levels (corresponding to about 2 and 5% of CBE in chocolate). However, the study revealed that a single “global” statistical model (multilayer perceptron, radial basis functions, or partial least square regression) was not able to predict the precise level of addition. The FTIR approach detailed here shows great potential as a rapid screening method for distinguishing between pure vegetable fats and, we believe, could be extended to investigate mixtures of CB and CBE by the establishment of a database.
Viscosity estimation of triacylglycerols and of some vegetable oils, based on their triacylglycerol composition
Authors: Azian M. Noor , Mustafa Kamal A. A. , Panau F. , Ten W. K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe experimentally determined kinematic viscosities of simple triacylglycerols [trilaurin, trimyristin (MMM), tripalmitin (PPP), tristearin (SSS), triolein (OOO), and trilinolein (LiLiLi) were correlated to a modified Andrade‐type equation. The constants for the modified equation were derived for each simple triacylglycerol. The method was also used to estimate the viscosity of mixed triacylglycerols [1,2‐dimyristoyl‐3‐palmitoyl (MMP), 1,2‐dioleoyl‐3‐palmitoyl (OOP), 1,2‐dimyristoyl‐3‐oleoyl (MMO), and 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐3‐oleoyl (PPO)], binary triacylglycerol mixtures (PPO/OOP, PPP/SSS, and OOO/SSS of different portions), and three types of vegetable oils [refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil; cocoa butter; and canola oil] by applying modified Kay’s rule utilizing the simple triacylglycerol constants derived earlier. In all cases, the estimated values for liquid viscosity were compared with experimental values determined in this work and with previous work from the literature. When applied to vegetable oils, the method requires knowledge of their triacylglycerol composition. Despite its simplicity, the method gives a reasonable estimate. The method may be used to predict the viscosity of different blends of vegetable oils, and the accuracy is expected to increase when more experimental data on simple triacylglycerols become available.
Identification and quantification of cholesterol oxidation products in canned tuna
Authors: Zunin Paola , Boggia Raffaella , Evangelisti Filippo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCholesterol oxidation in tuna canned in brine was studied. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry was used for the detection of the seven major cholesterol oxidation products originating from both direct and indirect oxidation. The total amount of cholesterol oxidation products in the analyzed samples varied considerably, ranging between 40 and 350 μg/g lipids, with the exception of an anomalous sample, that reached a 1600 μg/g level. The lipid content ranged between 0.5 and 1 g/100 g wet product. As most samples did not exceed 100 μg/g lipids, it is possible to assume that the total content of cholesterol oxidation products can be kept below this value if good manufacturing conditions are used, together with a careful choice of the best tuna cuts. The application of principal component analysis to the detected variables confirmed that 7‐ketocholesterol is a useful index of the whole oxidation process.
The effect of bleaching and physical refining on color and minor components of palm oil
Authors: Rossi M. , Gianazza M. , Alamprese C. , Stanga F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn industrially degummed Indonesian palm oil was bleached and steam refined in a pilot plant to study the effect of processing on oil color and on the levels of carotenoids and tocopherols. Five concentrations of one natural and two activated clays mixed with a fixed amount of synthetic silica were used for bleaching. For color measurement, the Lovibond method was compared to the CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage) L*,a*,b* method. The results showed that the L*,a*,b* method is repeatable and that the values found are highly correlated with the carotenoid content of bleached oil samples. The various clays and synthetic silica mixes removed 20–50% of the carotenoids in the degummed oil, depending on clay concentration and activity. For the two activated clays, pigment adsorption increased with clay amount. Steam refining totally destroyed carotenoids in the claytreated oils by heat bleaching. Total tocopherols in the crude oil amounted to 1000 mg/kg, with γ‐tocotrienol as the main tocopherolic component followed by α‐tocopherol, α‐tocotrienol, and δ‐tocotrienol. Tocopherol concentrations increased after the bleaching treatment with the most acid clay, and the increase was proportional to the amount of clay used. Both bleaching and steam refining changed the ratios between the various to copherolic components, especially increasing the relative concentration of α‐tocotrienol in the refined oil. An average 80% tocopherol retention was obtained after the treatment with acid clay + synthetic silica and steam refining of palm oil.