bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radial evolution of the accuracy of ballistic solar wind backmapping
Authors: Dakeyo J.-B. , Badman S. T. , Rouillard A. P. , Réville V. , Verscharen D. , Démoulin P. , Maksimovic M. 
Published: March 2024

Context.Solar wind backmapping is a technique employed to connect in situ measurements of heliospheric plasma structures to their origin near the Sun. The most widely used method is ballistic mapping, which neglects the effects of solar wind acceleration and corotation and instead models the solar wind as a constant radial outflow whose speed is determined by measurements in the heliosphere. This results in plasma parcel streamlines that form an Archimedean spiral (the Parker spiral) when viewed in the solar corotating frame. This simplified approach assumes that the effects of solar wind acceleration and corotation compensate for each other in the deviation of the source longitude. Most backmapping techniques so far considered magnetic connectivity from a heliocentric distance of 1 au to the Sun.Aims.We quantify the angular deviation between different backmapping methods that depends on the location of the radial probe and on the variation in the solar wind speed with radial distance. We assess these differences depending on source longitude and solar wind propagation time.Methods.We estimated backmapping source longitudes and travel times using (1) the ballistic approximation (constant speed), (2) a physically justified method using the empirically constrained acceleration profile Iso-poly, derived from Parker solar wind equations and also a model of solar wind tangential flows that accounts for corotational effects. We compared the differences across mapped heliocentric distances and for different asymptotic solar wind speeds.Results.The ballistic method results in a Carrington longitude of the source with a maximum deviation of 4″ below 3 au compared to the physics-based mapping method taken as reference. However, the travel time especially for the slow solar wind could be underestimated by 1.5 days at 1 au compared to non-constant speed profile. This time latency may lead to an association of incorrect solar source regions with given in situ measurements. Neglecting corotational effects and accounting for acceleration alone causes a large systematic shift in the backmapped source longitude.Conclusions.Incorporating both acceleration and corotational effects leads to a more physics-based representation of the plasma trajectories through the heliosphere compared to the ballistic assumption. This approach accurately assesses the travel time and provides a more realistic estimate of the longitudinal separation between a plasma parcel measured in situ and its source region. Nonetheless, it requires knowledge of the radial density and Alfvén speed profiles to compute the tangential flow. Therefore, we propose a compromise for computing the source longitude that employs the commonly used ballistic approach and the travel times computed from the derived radial acceleration speed profile. Moreover, we conclude that this approach remains valid at all radial distances we studied and is not limited to data obtained at 1 au.
H2CO and CS in diffuse clouds: Excitation and abundance
Authors: Gerin Maryvonne , Liszt Harvey , Pety Jérôme , Faure Alexandre 
Published: March 2024

Context. Diffuse interstellar clouds present an active chemistry despite their relatively low density and the ubiquitous presence of far-UV radiation.
Aims. To provide constraints on the chemical processes responsible for the observed columns of organic species, we used the NOEMA interferometer to observe the sight line toward NRAO150 (B0355+508) in the 2 mm spectral window.
Methods. We targeted the low excitation lines of ortho H2 CO (21,1–11,0) and para H2 CO (20,2–10,1) as well as the nearby transitions of CS (3–2) and c-C3H2 (31,2–22,1), (41,4–30,3), and (22,0–11,1). We combined these data with previous observations of the same sight line to determine the excitation conditions, column densities, and abundances relative to H2 in the different velocity components. We performed non-LTE radiative transfer calculations including collision cross sections with ortho and para H2 and with electrons. New collision cross sections with electrons were computed for ortho and para formaldehyde.
Results. All targeted lines were detected. The c-C3H2 line profiles are very similar to those of HCO+ and CCH, while the CS absorption features are narrower and mostly concentrated in two main velocity components at VLSR = −17.2 and −10.4 km s−1. H2CO absorption lines present an intermediate pattern with absorption in all velocity components but larger opacities in the two main velocity components. The ortho-to-para ratios of H2CO and c-C3H2 are consistent with the statistical value of three. While the excitation temperature of all c-C3H2 velocity components is consistent with the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), the two strong components detected in CS show a clear excess over the CMB indicating that CS resides at higher densities than other species along this particular sightline, n(H2) ~ 2500 cm−3 while n(H2) < 500 cm−3 for the other velocity components. We detected faint absorption from o-H213CO and C34S allowing us to derive isotopic ratios: o-H2CO/o-H213CO = 61 ± 12 and C32S/C34S = 24 ± 6. The excitation of the 11,0−11,1 line of formaldehyde at 4.8 GHz is sensitive to the electron fraction and its excitation temperature is predicted to be lower than the CMB at low and moderate electron fractions (x(e) < 6 × 10−5), and to rise above the CMB at high electron fractions (x(e) > 10−4).
Comparison of Neuromuscular Fatigue in Powerlifting Paralympics in
Different Training Methods
Authors: Getirana-Mota Márcio , Aidar Felipe J. , Ribeiro Neto Frederico , Santos Taísa Pereira , Almeida-Neto Paulo Francisco de , Cabral Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinôco , Vieira-Souza Lucio Marques , D. Garrido Nuno , Reis Victor M. , Souza Raphael Fabricio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMean propulsive velocity (MPV) has been associated with neuromuscular fatigue;
however, its suitability for strength training in Paralympic powerlifting (PP)
remains uncertain. The objective of this work was to evaluate the MPV in two
training methods (traditional-TRAD and eccentric-ECC). Eleven PP athletes were
evaluated pre, during the intervention and post intervention at a load of 80% of
the 1RM for TRAD and 110%–80% of 1 RM for ECC. The results demonstrated that
there was no significant neuromuscular fatigue for the TRAD (~5% performance
loss), as well as no significant decline in MPV during the intervention. For the
ECC, there is a significant reduction in MPV before and after training (~12%
loss of performance). A difference between TRAD and ECC after the intervention
was also identified (0.87 m/s±0.22, 95% CI 0.72–1.02 vs. 0.72±0.20, 95% CI
0.59–0.86 p=0.042, F(3.30)=10.190, η2p=0.505 - very high effect). During the
intervention for ECC, no significant decline in MPV was observed. The results of
this study suggest that the mechanical indices of MPV do not seem to be
effective indicators of neuromuscular fatigue in the sample studied or in the
context of this specific training regime, being more indicated as a control of
training volume.
Biomechanical Stability of Femoral Neck System for Pauwels Type III Femoral Neck Fractures Based on Different Reduction Quality
Authors: Huang Daoqiang , Wang Xiaoping , Chen Bingze , Hu Zhiqiang , Feng Weili 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo further investigate the biomechanics of a femoral neck system (FNS) for Pauwels type
III femoral fractures based on three different reductions.We constructed three different reduction (anatomical reduction, negative buttress
reduction, and positive buttress reduction) models of Pauwels type III femoral neck
fractures. Then, three cannulated screws (3CS), dynamic hip screws (DHS), dynamic hip screws
combined with an anti-rotation screw (DHS + ARS), one-hole femoral neck system (1HFNS), and
two-hole femoral neck system (2HFNS) were assembled with the reduction models, respectively,
to simulate the internal fixation surgical procedure. All models had a load of 2100 N in
line with the femoral mechanical axis applied. The implant stress, the head and implant
displacements, and the rotational angles of all models were recorded and analyzed.Compared to 3CS and 2HFNS, 1HFNS had higher implant stress (higher than 92.5 MPa and
46.3 MPa, respectively) and displacement (higher than 0.9 mm and 0.8 mm, respectively) in
the anatomical reduction. 2HFNS exhibited the highest stress values (225.5 MPa) in the
anatomical reduction but the lowest values (159.8 MPa) in the positive buttress reduction
when compared to the other implants. 2HFNS showed the best rotational stability in the
negative and positive buttress reduction (rotational angels of 0.8° and 0.6°,
respectively).Based on the outcome of this computational study, it might be concluded that 2HFNS was
an alternative fixation for the treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture,
especially when anatomical reduction cannot be perfectly attained. More relevant clinical
and biomechanical studies are needed in the future.
Comparative evaluation of a language model and human specialists in the application of European guidelines for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases and malignancies
Authors: Waterman Matti , Gorelik Yuri , Ghersin Itai , Weisshof Roni , Koifman Eduard , Bar-Yoseph Haggai , Ben Hur Dana , Maza Itay , Hasnis Erez , Nasser Roni , Ovadia Baruch , Dror Zur Dikla 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background Society guidelines on colorectal dysplasia screening, surveillance, and endoscopic management in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are complex, and physician adherence to them is suboptimal. We aimed to evaluate the use of ChatGPT, a large language model, in generating accurate guideline-based recommendations for colorectal dysplasia screening, surveillance, and endoscopic management in IBD in line with European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization (ECCO) guidelines.
Methods 30 clinical scenarios in the form of free text were prepared and presented to three separate sessions of ChatGPT and to eight gastroenterologists (four IBD specialists and four non-IBD gastroenterologists). Two additional IBD specialists subsequently assessed all responses provided by ChatGPT and the eight gastroenterologists, judging their accuracy according to ECCO guidelines.
Results ChatGPT had a mean correct response rate of 87.8%. Among the eight gastroenterologists, the mean correct response rates were 85.8% for IBD experts and 89.2% for non-IBD experts. No statistically significant differences in accuracy were observed between ChatGPT and all gastroenterologists (P=0.95), or between ChatGPT and the IBD experts and non-IBD expert gastroenterologists, respectively (P=0.82).
Conclusions This study highlights the potential of language models in enhancing guideline adherence regarding colorectal dysplasia in IBD. Further investigation of additional resources and prospective evaluation in real-world settings are warranted.
Using a customized GPT to provide guideline-based recommendations for management of pancreatic cystic lesions
Authors: Klein Amir , Khamaysi Iyad , Gorelik Yuri , Ghersin Itai , Arraf Tarek , Ben-Ishay Offir 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Rising prevalence of pancreatic cysts and inconsistent management guidelines necessitate innovative approaches. New features of large language models (LLMs), namely custom GPT creation, provided by ChatGPT can be utilized to integrate multiple guidelines and settle inconsistencies.
Methods A custom GPT was developed to provide guideline-based management advice for pancreatic cysts. Sixty clinical scenarios were evaluated by both the custom GPT and gastroenterology experts. A consensus was reached between experts and review of guidelines and the accuracy of recommendations provided by the custom GPT was evaluated and compared with experts.
Results The custom GPT aligned with expert recommendations in 87% of scenarios. Initial expert recommendations were correct in 97% and 87% of cases, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the accuracy of custom GPT and the experts. Agreement analysis using Cohen's and Fleiss' Kappa coefficients indicated consistency among experts and the custom GPT.
Conclusions This proof-of-concept study shows the custom GPT's potential to provide accurate, guideline-based recommendations for pancreatic cyst management, comparable to expert opinions. The study highlights the role of advanced features of LLMs in enhancing clinical decision-making in fields with significant practice variability.
Synthesis of Fused-Ring Pyrrolizine Derivatives via a Copper-Catalyzed Radical Cascade Cyclization
Authors: Ding Dong , Ji Ya-Fei , Xu Xiao-Bo , Hao Li-Qiang , Liu Xian , Wang Yang-Yang , Yang Zhao-Zi-Yuan , Yu Xiao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHerein, an atom-economic method for the synthesis of fused-ring pyrrolizine derivatives by a cycloaddition reaction of easily accessible N-substituted pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes with N-substituted maleimides in the presence of di-tert-butyl peroxide has been successfully developed. A total of 23 compounds were obtained by using this method, with a maximum yield of 72%, providing a practical and efficient method for the synthesis of tricyclic pyrrolizine frameworks.
Künstliche Intelligenz bei lamellierenden Keratoplastiken
Authors: Siebelmann Sebastian , Hayashi Takahiko , Matthaei Mario , Bachmann Björn O. , Stammen Johannes , Cursiefen Claus 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Training von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) wird auch in der Vorderabschnittschirurgie populärer. Zunehmend werden auch Studien zu lamellierenden Keratoplastiken veröffentlicht. Insbesondere die Möglichkeit der nicht invasiven und hochauflösenden Bildgebungstechnologie der optischen Kohärenztomografie prädestiniert die lamellierenden Keratoplastiken zur Anwendung von KI. Obwohl technisch einfach durchführbar, existieren bisher nur wenige Studien zum Einsatz von KI zur Optimierung lamellierender Keratoplastiken. Die vorhandenen Studien konzentrieren sich dabei vor allem auf die Vorhersagewahrscheinlichkeit eines Rebubblings bei DMEK und DSAEK bzw. auf deren Transplantatadhärenz sowie auf die Formation einer Big Bubble bei der DALK. Zudem ist die automatisierte Erfassung von Routineparametern wie Hornhautödem, Endothelzelldichte oder Größe der Transplantatablösung mittels KI inzwischen möglich. Die Optimierung der lamellierenden Keratoplastiken mittels KI birgt ein großes
Potenzial. Dennoch bestehen Limitationen der veröffentlichten Algorithmen insofern, dass diese bisher nur eingeschränkt zwischen Zentren, Chirurgen sowie unterschiedlichen Geräteherstellern übertragbar sind.
Iodosulfonylation of [1.1.1]Propellane
Authors: Cheng Dongping , Li Jing-Hua , Chen Mengke , Ling Min , Huang Zhiwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn efficient disubstituted functionalization of [1.1.1]propellane has been developed. The protocol utilizes sulfonyl hydrazides and N-iodosuccinimide, enabling the introduction of iodine and sulfonyl groups into bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) in moderate to excellent yields. It has the advantages of simple operation, mild conditions, and broad substrate scope.
Preoperative Serum Thyroglobulin Levels Predict Radioiodine Therapy
Outcome in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Patients
Authors: Cheng Xian , Fan Yijun , Ye Wanzhong , Xu Shichen , Wu Jing , Gao Wenjing , Bao Jiandong , Yu Huixin , Zhang Li 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOur previous study showed that elevated preoperative thyroglobulin (pre-Tg) level
predicted the risk of developing radioiodine refractory in PTC patients. In the
present study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of pre-Tg in papillary
thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). After a specific inclusion and exclusion criteria
were applied, a total of 788 PTMCs were enrolled from Jiangyuan Hospital
affiliated to Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine between Jan 2015 and Dec
2019. Among them, 107 PTMCs were treated with radioiodine therapy (RAIT) and the
response to therapy was grouped as excellent response (ER), and non-excellent
response (NER: indeterminate response, IDR and biochemical incomplete response,
BIR). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors for the
response of RAIT in PTMCs. Higher pre-Tg levels were detected in PTMCs with RAIT
as compared with PTMCs without RAIT (p=0.0018). Higher levels of pre-Tg were
also found in patients with repeated RAIT as compared with patients with single
RAIT (p<0.0001). Furthermore, pre-Tg level was higher in PTMC with IDR (n=16)
and much higher in BIR (n=9) as compared with patients with ER (n=82, p=0.0003)
after RAIT. Multivariate analysis showed that pre-Tg level over 16.79 ng/ml [OR:
6.55 (2.10–20.39), p=0.001] was the only independent predictor for NER in PTMC
with RAIT. We found that high level of pre-Tg predicted a poor RAIT outcome in
PTMC. Our finding explores a prospective way in identifying high-risk PTMCs with
poor response to RAIT.
Outcomes of Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator (DIEP) Flap in Indian Population—A Prospective Single-Institute Study
Authors: Marwah Annika , Chandrappa Ashok Basur , Vasudevan Srikanth , Rao Ananteshwar Y.N. Yelambalase , Sreekumar Dinkar , Shetty Pooja , Bharathkar Serena , SP Somashekhar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction Breast reconstruction has become integral part of breast cancer treatment. Deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP)-based flap is considered the gold standard in autologous breast reconstruction.
Aims and Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the patient satisfaction and the incidence of complications in DIEP flaps in an Indian setup for breast reconstruction.
Materials and Methods This is a prospective, nonrandomized study at a single institute—Manipal Hospitals, Old Airport Road, Bangalore. Eligible patients were women aged between 28 and 60 years with primary breast cancer requiring mastectomy and radiotherapy, who consented for DIEP flap reconstruction.
Results The study includes subjects who had autologous breast reconstruction after mastectomy with DIEP flap between January 2019 and August 2021 that included 31 patients with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Four flaps were turbocharged and 17 flaps were superdrained primarily. The average operative time for the whole procedure by adopting a two-team approach is 353.8 ± 43.793 minutes. About 94.1% patients had excellent aesthetic score results. Six patients developed mastectomy flap necrosis, one had fat necrosis that was managed conservatively, whereas one patient had donor site re-exploration for hematoma. We had no DIEP flap necrosis, seroma, flap site hematoma, or flap failure. Physical well-being module of Breast-Q indicated an average of 83 points, psychosocial well-being module indicated 80 points, whereas sexual scores reverted an average of 77 points. Among satisfaction module, aesthetic outcomes for breast showed an average of 94 points, whereas the donor site had 96 points. Satisfaction with information, surgeon, medical staff each gained more than 87 points.
Conclusion Breast reconstruction with DIEP flap yields good aesthetic outcomes and quality of life in Indian population. The incidence of fat necrosis, flap and donor site complications is less over time and will enhance the patient satisfaction score further.
Longitudinal Volume Assessment of Reconstructed Breast Using Three-Dimensional Measurement: How Do DIEP and LD Flap Change Immediately after Surgery?
Authors: Utsunomiya Hiroki , Tanaka Ryutaro , Akamine Shuryo , Kusano Taro , Kuroki Tomoaki , Kadomatsu Koichi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) and latissimus dorsi (LD) flaps are two widely used autologous breast reconstructions. Despite studies on flap-volume changes, the time of the first measurement is not immediately after surgery. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the change in volume over time from the immediate postoperative period using a three-dimensional (3D) scanner.
Methods Patients who underwent breast reconstruction with a DIEP or LD flap between October 2019 and December 2020 at Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital were included. The Kinect 3D scanner was used to measure the reconstructed and healthy breast volumes immediately after surgery and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. The control group was the healthy side, and the volumes obtained at each time point and ratios (to the immediate postoperative period) were calculated and analyzed using a linear mixed model.
Results Of the 25 patients and 26 breasts examined, the postoperative increase in volume ratios was statistically significant in the DIEP flap group, except for the sixth month, but decreased significantly in the LD group. Compared with the control group, the volume ratio was significantly higher up to 3 months in the DIEP flap group and decreased significantly after 3 months in the LD flap group.
Conclusions The volume of the LD flap continued to decrease immediately after surgery, whereas the volume of the DIEP flap increased by 10% up to 1M. Therefore, this increase in volume should be taken into consideration in studies where the initial measurements were not taken immediately after surgery.
Pulmonary Hypertension in Connective Tissue Diseases Other than Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Budhram Brandon , Weatherald Jason , Humbert Marc 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) is a known complication of certain connective tissue diseases (CTDs), with systemic sclerosis (SSc) being the most common in the Western world. However, PH in association with non-SSc CTD such as systemic lupus erythematous, mixed connective tissue disease, and primary Sjögren's syndrome constitutes a distinct subset of patients with inherently different epidemiologic profiles, pathophysiologic mechanisms, clinical features, therapeutic options, and prognostic implications. The purpose of this review is to inform a practical approach for clinicians evaluating patients with non-SSc CTD-associated PH.The development of PH in these patients involves a complex interplay between genetic factors, immune-mediated mechanisms, and endothelial cell dysfunction. Furthermore, the broad spectrum of CTD manifestations can contribute to the development of PH through various pathophysiologic mechanisms, including intrinsic pulmonary arteriolar vasculopathy (pulmonary arterial hypertension, Group 1 PH), left-heart disease (Group 2), chronic lung disease (Group 3), chronic pulmonary artery obstruction (Group 4), and unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms (Group 5). The importance of diagnosing PH early in symptomatic patients with non-SSc CTD is highlighted, with a review of the relevant biomarkers, imaging, and diagnostic procedures required to establish a diagnosis.Therapeutic strategies for non-SSc PH associated with CTD are explored with an in-depth review of the medical, interventional, and surgical options available to these patients, emphasizing the CTD-specific considerations that guide treatment and aid in prognosis. By identifying gaps in the current literature, we offer insights into future research priorities that may prove valuable for patients with PH associated with non-SSc CTD.