bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE IN THREE RELATED PATIENTS
Authors: FOTHERINGHAM B. J. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThree related patients with chronic granulomatous disease are described. Two are brothers and one a half‐brother; all have the same mother. The purpose of this paper is to stress that an X‐linked genetic defect is probably involved in this condition, although there may be other modes of inheritance. This is thought to be the first report of chronic granulomatous disease in Australian children.
SYSTEMIC TO PULMONARY ARTERY ANASTOMOSIS IN THE FIRST THREE MONTHS OF LIFE
Authors: GLASSON M. J. , CELERMAJER J. M. , OVERTON J. H. , CARTMILL T. B. 
Published: March 2008

SynopsisThe results of systemic artery to pulmonary artery anastomosis in 16 babies aged up to 3 months are reported. 8 of the patients survived. An ascencling aorta‐to‐right pulmonary artery shunt using Waterston's technique is prefered in those with a potentially curable lesion. The Potts' shunt is acceptable for conditions at present uncorrectable. The current survival rate of 50% should be capable of improvement. Surgical palliation of infants with low pulmonary bloodflow is worthwhile and leads to the salvage of patients with potentially curable lesions.
INADEQUATE MALE GENITALIA
Authors: MacMAHON R. A. , McEWAN LENA E. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA decision concerning the appropriate sex of rearing of an intersex patient can be difficult, especially in the patient in whom biological tests favour the male sex but the phallus is so small that it could be called an enlarged clitoris. Two such patients are described; one was reared as a male and the other as a female, and the reasons for the sex of rearing are discussed.
CHOLESTEROL AND THE CHILD: STUDIES OF THE CHOLESTEROL LEVELS OF BUSSELTON SCHOOL CHILDREN AND THEIR PARENTS1
Authors: GODFREY R. C. , STENHOUSE N. S. , CULLEN K. J. , BLACKMAN V. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISIn 1964 as part of a population study, the blood cholesterols of 1,292 school children in the town of Busselton in Western Australia were examined. A gradual rise in the median value throughout school life was demonstrated in both boys and girls, with a pre‐adolescent rise comparable with similar studies elsewhere.In 1969 the cholesterol levels of the children with the highest, middle and lowest 5% levels in 1967 were repeated and showed a highly significant correlation, thus indicating that a single cholesterol estimation in childhood is of considerable predictive value, at least over a 2 year period.Comparison of cholesterol levels of 929 children with those of their parents revealed a significant correlation between parents and children throughout the whole cholesterol range. It has not been possible to demonstrate whether the cause is dietary or genetic, except in a few cases of genetic hyperlipidaemia, but it is likely that, at least in those children with a cholesterol higher than 250 mgm% of the cause is genetic. The mother's cholesterol is more closely related than the father's to that of the children. This might be due to both a genetic contribution to the children and her role in controlling the diet of the family, this control being greatest on the young children.
THE PHYSIOPATHOLOGY OF BREATH‐HOLDING ATTACKS: A HYPOTHESIS
Authors: RENDLE‐SHORT J. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA physiopathological mechanism for the occurrence of breath‐holding attacks in children is postulated. This suggests that under certain stresses a child forcibly expires and squeezes deoxygenated blood out of the right side of his heart, through a patent foramen ovale into the systemic circulation. This deoxygenated blood causes cyanosis. A fall in cardiac output gives rise to cerebral anoxia, unconsciousness, and in some instances, fits. In the so‐called pallid attacks, much the same sequence of events occurs, but in this instance the foramen ovale is closed and therefore cyanosis cannot occur and the child faints due to transient cardiac arrest.
PERICARDIAL EFFUSION COMPLICATING HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAS MENINGITIS
Authors: HAWKER R. E. , CELERMAJER J. M. , ROBERTSON S. E. J. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA case of haemophilus meningitis complicated by pericardial effusion is described. This association has been reported only once previously. Clinical features suggesting acute constrictive pericarditis developed, but resolved during administration of diuretics. The difficulty in distinguishing acute constrictive pericarditis from pericardial tamponade is discussed.
PHARYNGEAL INCOORDINATION FROM BIRTH TO THREE YEARS, WITH RECURRENT BRONCHOPNEUMONIA AND ULTIMATE RECOVERY
Authors: BELLMAINE S. P. , McCREDIE JANET , STOREY B. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISPharyngeal incoodination is an occasional cause of regurgitation and respiratory distress in the neonate, but it can cause an aspiration pneumonia which may be lethal. Usually the condition is self‐limited and followed by recovery in 1 or 2 weeks.We report a case in which the manifestations, including recurrent attacks of bronchopneumonia, lasted for 3 years and were eventually followed by normal function.
THE SYDNEY LINE: A SIGNIFICANT SIGN IN DOWN'S SYNDROME
Authors: PURVIS‐SMITH S. G. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe simian crease is a familiar feature of Down's syndrome. Less well known is the extended proximal transverse palmar crease (‘the Sydney line’). A study of the incidence of unusual palmar creases in 105 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Down's syndrome has shown a statistically significant increase in the incidence of both the simian and Sydney lines in these patients. The total incidence of unusual palmar creases in Down's syndrome is thus higher than it was previously thought to be.
HEREDITARY FRUCTOSE INTOLERANCE: REPORT OF A CASE AND COMMENTS ON THE HAZARDS OF FRUCTOSE INFUSION
Authors: DANKS D. M. , CONNELLAN J. M. , SOLOMON J. R. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA 3 year old child with hereditary fructose intolerance had been recognised by her parents as unable to metabolise cane sugar and fruit sugar, and had been reared very successally without professional aid. She developed appendicitis with pelvic peritonitis, and the unfortunate use of fructose infusion caused hepato‐renal failure and death. The diagnosis was confirmed by postmortem assay of hepatic fructose‐1‐phosphate aldolase.A plea is made for care in the use of fructose infusion in all patients, especially in the newborn, and in those with liver disease. 3 other illustrative case histories are presented to support a claim that fructose infusion is potentially harmful and must be carefully monitored.
IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA IN CHILDREN: RESULTS OF STEROID THERAPY AND SPLENECTOMY
Authors: BENHAM E. S. , TAFT L. I. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThis survey comprises a retrospective analysis of 132 cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) treated at the Royal Children's Hospital from 1958 to 1966 inclusive.There was a high spontaneous remission rate in this disease in children. A comparison of the results of treatment with and without steroids suggests that steroids initially help to control the bleeding tendency and in some cases a temporary elevation in platelet count follows their use. However in the two groups there was no difference in the long‐term remission rate or in the remission time.While only about half the splenectomized patients have achieved full remission with a normal platelet count, they were all symptomless without the use of long‐term steroids.
STRONTIUM KINETIC STUDIES IN CHILDREN WITH BONE DISORDERS
Authors: McCREDIE D. , ROTENBERG ESTHER 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA technique for studying skeletal disorders by using stable strontium as a tracer for calcium is described. Patients with nutritional and hypophosphataemic vitamin resistant rickets, with osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta, and with osteopetrosis have been studied. Results are correlated with other tests, particularly calcium infusion, calcium balance, bone biopsy and response to calcitonin. The test has proved helpful in delineating two distinct types of osteoporosis, and has provided further evidence for a primary bone defect in one child with vitamin resistant rickets.
CLINICAL PROFILES OF ATYPICAL CHROMOSOME‐G ANOMALIES
Authors: DEY JUDITH 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSIS778 patients with Down's syndrome have been assessed at this hospital in the past 81/2 years and chromosome analyses were performed on 350; 9.7% had atypical karyotypes and these will be discussed in detail; the remaining 90.3% had standard trisomy‐G karyotypes with parents with normal karyotypes or whose parents had not had chromosome analyses. Of the 34 atypical cases, 10 have G/G translocations, 7 have a D/G translocation, 11 are mosaic mongols, 5 are standard trisomy‐G with one parent with an abnormal chromosome pattern, and one a trisomy‐G with a D/D translocation.
X‐LINKED CATARACT AND HUTCHINSONIAN TEETH
Authors: HORAN MARGARET B. , BILLSON F. A. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA family is described with Hutchinsonian teeth and segmental and posterior sutural cataracts; an hereditary X‐linked basis for both anomalies is suggested. The carrier state in this oculodental syndrome is recognisable by the presence of posterior, sutural, punctuate, opacities in the lens and less pronounced dental abnormalities.
AN UNUSUAL HETEROPAGUS
Authors: TAN K. L. , JOSEPH V. T. , CHIANG S. C. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISAn unusual case of heteropagus is presented, in which a limb was attached to the sacral area of an otherwise apparently normal infant. A sausage‐shaped mass resembling a limb is most unusual and has never been documented before. Obvious amniotic bands were also present at the point of attachment and presumably contributed to the constriction at this area. Progress was normal after removal of this appendage.
CASE STUDIES ON THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF SOCIALLY DEPRIVED CHILDREN IN SYDNEY
Authors: WOODHILL JOAN M. , NOBILE SILVIA , SILINK SANDRA J. , WINSTON JOAN M. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe nutritional status of 35 socially deprived, apparently healthy children was investigated. The study included 6 preschool boys of widows or deserted wives, and 29 children from 3 orphanages, viz.: 8 school boys, 8 preschool girls (4 of whom were part‐Aboriginal) and 13 school girls. Individual data on weighed and analysed dietary intakes from a 7‐day survey, anthropometry, haematology, blood vitamin levels, clinical and social findings are presented and interrelationships are discussed.No clinical evidence of overt deficiency diseases was found, but malnutrition was demonstrated in the groups studied. Only 2 children had satisfactory levels of all parameters measured.These results cannot necessarily be extrapolated into conclusions as to the nutritional status of socially deprived Australian children as a group in the community because the sample was small. While the number of malnourished children to be found in the Australian population cannot be deduced from the data presented in this paper, it is hoped that it will stimulate interest in the investigation of nutrition in large numbers of Australian children.
Play materials and toys in the education of young children
Authors: WOODROFFE STELLA E. , WILLATT BEVERLEY J. 
Published: March 2008

Woodroffe, Stella E. and Willatt, Beverley J. (1976). Aust. paediat. J., 12, 1–5. Play materials and toys in the education of young children. The paper discusses the need to consider the developmental level of the child when selecting appropriate toys and play materials that serve an educational purpose. The relevance of a number of play materials is discussed in general terms, although a range of possibilities for particular types of learning are specified in relation to some toys.The learning is not inherent in the material but depends on the child's own cognitive processes, often assisted by an adult who is in a position to draw the child's attention to particular aspects of his encounters with his environment, and to guide the direction of his learning. For young children, a wide range of experiences will serve as a base upon which he will build his own structures. These will enable him to adapt to the requirements of learning his society will impose upon him as he grows.Criteria are suggested for selecting toys and play materials which can serve an educative end. The reader is also reminded that materials which serve the child best are those which offer him a range of possibilities. Many of these are readily available in the home or neighbourhood and do not entail spending large sums of money, provided one uses a little imagination.
STUDIES ON ALLERGIC DERMATITIS (“QUEENSLAND ITCH”) OF THE HORSE
Authors: Riek R. F. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.Studies have been made on a skin disease of horses in Australia, commonly known as “Queensland Itch” and referred to by the author as allergic dermatitis. It appears to be similar to conditions described by other workers in horses and mules in France, India, Philippine Islands and the United States of America.The disease is prevalent during the summer and recedes with the advent of cold weather to recur the following summer. Only certain horses are susceptible but animals of all ages, breeds, colour and sex may be affected. Ani‐ mals show great irritation and itchiness and will bite affected areas or rub against fences and trees.Lesions are confined almost exclusively to the dorsal surfaces and appear initially as discrete papules which later exhibit matting of the hair. These crusts eventually fall off and leave hairless areas which, in severe cases, become confluent.Microscopic examination of early lesions shows oedema, engorgement of capillaries and eosinophilic infiltration of the dermis. In older lesions the oedema is absent and lymphoid cells are present with the eosinophils. Hyperkeratosis is seen in the more advanced cases and in chronic cases fibrosis and hypertrophy of epidermal tissue are well in evidence. In many animals trauma masks the earlier tissue changes.Haematological examinations of susceptible animals revealed very little departure from normal. The white blood cells, eosinophils and platelets were, however, significantly higher in susceptible animals during the summer months.
STUDIES ON ALLERGIC DERMATITIS OF THE HORSE
Authors: Riek R. F. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.Studies on the treatment and control of equine allergic dermatitis, a disease associated with the development of a hypersensitivity to the sandfly Culicoides robertsi (Lee and Reye) are reported.Sandfly attack could be prevented by stabling the animals in an insectary from 4 p.m. to 7 a.m. during the warmer months of the year. Good protection was also obtained by spraying weekly during this period with 1 per cent. or 2 per cent. DDT. The higher concentration gave better protection during rainy weather and on short haired animals.Treatment with the histamine azoprotein, “Hapamine”, at specified intervals caused a rapid recession of lesions in five of six animals and four animals showed a complete recovery.Trials with antihistamines applied as creams or intramuscularly showed that these preparations could be expected to. relieve the irritation but were too costly to use.
ESCHERICHIA COM INFECTION IN LAMBS
Authors: Roberts D. S. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.

An account is given of an outbreak of a disease in lambs apparently resembling colibacillosis or “white scours” of calves.
Secondary infection of the meninges, however, appeared to be an important part of the disease syndrome. Lambs may have a comparatively weak blood‐brain barrier.
Several other cases of disease in lambs are briefly described. It is suggested that they also were caused by E. coll.
BONDING OF FRACTURES BY PLASTIC ADHESIVES
Authors: Bloch Bernard 
Published: March 2008

Summary1. Pioneering work in the use of adhesive resins in surgery is described, the work mainly centering on the bonding of fractures.2. We are still sifting facts concerning callus formation, blood supply of bone and the biochemical and biomechanical effects of techniques described.3. The ideal medical glue is still to be found, and our reinforcement of sleeve technique is to be condemned for reasons mentioned. A return to glue only between fracture ends is the choice.4. Workers are advised not to use any resins whose full formulae will not be disclosed by manufacturers. Equally, a full understanding of the technology and accurate use of toxic amines is essential, else the consequences may be serious.5. Resins are available that will adhere, remain inert or that can be moulded to the immediate requirement of the site with or without reinforcement. There is even a group that, after serving its purpose, can be absorbed and eliminated.6. So much interest has been aroused that, by frank publication, we hope many centres will benefit from our experience. Exciting fields of application lie ahead.7. To date any salvaging procedures necessary have been successful.
CONTAGIOUS BOVINE PLEUROPNEUMONIA: EXPERIMENTS WITH THE ANTIBIOTIC TYLOSIN
Authors: Hudson J. R. , Etheridge J. R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe in vitro bacteriostatic level of tylosin tartrate against M. mycoides was found to be 0.07 μg/ml In experiments in cattle, infected 10 days earlier by subcutaneous inoculation, the infection was controlled by seven 12‐hourly intramuscular injections at a dose rate of 7.5 or 15 mg/kg body‐weight. M. mycoides was not eliminated from the residual lesions even at the higher rate.
THE IBR‐IPV VIRUS: REACTION TO INFECTION AND INTERMITTENT RECOVERY OF VIRUS FROM EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED CATTLE
Authors: Snowdon W. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe vaginal strain of the IBR‐IPV virus, V155, produced vaginitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis and posthitis when inoculated into susceptible cattle. It did not produce a fatal encephalitis when inoculated into calves by the intracerebral route. Virus was recovered intermittently from cattle which had been inoculated by the vaginal, preputial, or intravenous routes. Virus was recovered intermittently during 117 days, 133 days and 364 days from vaginal swabs collected from heifers inoculated by the vaginal route; during 578 days from vaginal swabs and 510 days from nasal swabs collected from a pregnant heifer inoculated intravenously; and during 361 days from a bull infected by the preputial route. Apart from the period immediately following inoculation, virus was not recovered intermittently from calves inoculated by the nasal route, but these calves were under observation for a much shorter period.
PREVENTION OF HYPOMAGNESAEMIA AND GRASS TETANY
Authors: Herd R. P. , Schuster Norma , Coltman Margaret 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA seasonal hypomagnesaemia, sometimes accompanied by a hypocalcaemia, was demonstrated in beef cattle at pasture and receiving supplementary hay in North‐East Victoria.An effective method of prophylaxis under extensive grazing conditions was developed. This consisted of mixing a cheap magnesium oxide supplement with water and spraying it on a small percentage of the hay ration, which was then fed to stock before the remainder of the hay was made available.Results from 1961‐63, showed that a dose of 2 oz/cow/day of magnesium oxide significantly raised serum magnesium levels. A dose rate of 4 oz/cow/second day appeared to be equally effective, but there was little evidence to support the use of 4 oz/cow/third day.The data also suggested that the magnitude of the response to magnesium supplementation depended on the initial level of serum magnesium in the susceptible stock.The practice of feeding magnesium oxide either daily or every second day to cattle and sheep during the grass tetany danger period has become widespread in Victoria since 1961. Losses on affected properties since feeding was initiated have been negligible.
INVESTIGATION OF SHEEP DIPS
Authors: O'Neill D. K. , Hebdent S. P. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryGroups of 30 sheep of four breeds (Merino, Dorset Horn, Romney Marsh and Border Leicester), that had been maintained under the same environmental and nutritional conditions were used in showering experiments with a diazinon emulsion.The fleeces of all breeds stripped (or depleted) diazinon from the dipping fluid. Diazinon was not deposited evenly down the length of the wool staple. On the Merino fleece, more diazinon was deposited on the outer section and less on the inner section near the skin. On the other breeds, more diazinon was found in the inner and less on the outer sections.Differences in the magnitude and location of the diazinon deposits are discussed, with the aid of supplementary in vitro dipping experiments, in relation to the compactness of the fleece and the amounts and distribution of wax, suint and dirt found there.
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF FEMALE CATTLE IN THE KIMBERLEY REGION OF NORTHWESTERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Armstrong J. , Henderson A. G. , Lang D. R. , Robinson D. W. , Suijendorp H. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThree experiments were done to determine the influence of supplementary feeding with crushed whole cotton seed and weaning on the productivity of breeding female cattle under range conditions in the Kimberley region, north‐western Australia.In the first experiment, supplementary feeding cut losses of breeding cows from 47% to nil, and increased calf turn‐off from 18% to 58%, in a sample of cattle from Argyle Downs cattle station during a severe dry season.In the second experiment, weaning calves at 4–6 months of age reduced weight loss in supplemented cows, from 21 to 8% over the last 100 days of the dry season, although the subsequent growth of supplemented weaned calves was inferior to that of non‐weaned calves.In the third experiment, weaning of calves had no effect on body weight changes in supplemented cows, although non‐weaned calves gained significantly faster than weaned supplemented calves.Control of cattle tick infestation by spraying increased blood haematocrit and haemoglobin values, but had no effect on total plasma proteins.A survey of feral cattle in the Kimberley area showed depressed blood haeboglobin, haematocrit and plasma protein values in breeding cows compared with other classes of cattle.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HELMINTH INFESTATION OF BEEF CATTLE IN CENTRAL QUEENSLAND
Authors: Winks R. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe results of epidemiological studies of helminths in young beef cattle in Central Queensland over a 2½‐year period commencing in January 1964 are reported.Studies were made on ten beef cattle properties, which have a total annual calf crop of approximately 2500 calves. Twenty‐five faecal samples were collected monthly at random from 30 to 40 permanently identified calves on each property, to determine the types and intensity of helminth infections.Although rainfall was well below average, infections with most of the helminth species commonly found in Queensland were detected. Increases in infection levels occurred, after rainfall of two inches or more, in animals up to 21 months of age. Only on a property where pastures were irrigated and the stocking rate was higher than normal for the area did a high percentage of calves show clinical symptoms of parasitic gastroenteritis. Haemonchus placet and Oesophagostomum radiatum were the predominant species. An immunity developed to O. radiatum during the first 12 to 15 months of the calf's life. The immunity to H. placet was variable with some animals susceptible to re‐infection up to 21 months of age.Recommendations for the control of helminths in beef cattle in this area are given.