bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformer‐based choice model: A tool for assortment optimization evaluation
Authors: Peng Zhenkang , Rong Ying , Zhu Tianning 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAssessing the efficacy of algorithms plays a pivotal role in advancing various fields, both in theory and practice. Unlike the predictive models, due to the intricate relationship between decisions and the underlying data‐generating processes, the evaluation of decision algorithms cannot directly rely on real data. Hence, a simulator becomes indispensable for appraising decision algorithm effectiveness. In this paper, we aim to leverage assortment decisions, a widely used application in revenue management, to illustrate the utilization of a machine learning‐based simulation. The process can be summarised as: we utilize the modified Transformer‐based choice model, acting as a simulator, to generate a synthetic dataset that mimics consumer purchasing behavior. After training the MNL, DeepFM, and DeepFM‐a models, all of which can swiftly provide assortment decisions in real‐time, we utilize the simulator to evaluate the revenue generated by each assortment prescribed by different choice models. This approach mitigates the challenge of validating decision models that alter real‐world observed data. To show the benefit of such a simulation approach, we have conducted various numerical studies. These studies aim to examine the impact of outside option attractiveness, data size, the number of features, and cardinality. Admittedly, due to the close alignment between the simulator and complex consumer purchase choice datasets, some numerical observations may be challenging to explain. Nevertheless, by employing the simulator, we are able to contrast the differences between the MNL and DeepFM/DeepFM‐a models, shedding light on their respective model misspecifications.
Reducing femoral flow artefacts in radial magnetic resonance fingerprinting of the prostate using region‐optimised virtual coils
Authors: Sørland Kaia I. , Trimble Christopher G. , Wu Chia‐Yin , Bathen Tone F. , Elschot Mattijs , Cloos Martijn A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHigh acceleration factors in radial magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) of the prostate lead to strong streak‐like artefacts from flow in the femoral blood vessels, possibly concealing important anatomical information. Region‐optimised virtual (ROVir) coils is a beamforming‐based framework to create virtual coils that maximise signal in a region of interest while minimising signal in a region of interference. In this study, the potential of removing femoral flow streak artefacts in prostate MRF using ROVir coils is demonstrated in silico and in vivo. The ROVir framework was applied to radial MRF k‐space data in an automated pipeline designed to maximise prostate signal while minimising signal from the femoral vessels. The method was tested in 15 asymptomatic volunteers at 3 T. The presence of streaks was visually assessed and measurements of whole prostate T1, T2 and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) with and without streak correction were examined. In addition, a purpose‐built simulation framework in which blood flow through the femoral vessels can be turned on and off was used to quantitatively evaluate ROVir's ability to suppress streaks in radial prostate MRF. In vivo it was shown that removing selected ROVir coils visibly reduces streak‐like artefacts from the femoral blood flow, without increasing the reconstruction time. On average, 80% of the prostate SNR was retained. A similar reduction of streaks was also observed in silico, while the quantitative accuracy of T1 and T2 mapping was retained. In conclusion, ROVir coils efficiently suppress streaking artefacts from blood flow in radial MRF of the prostate, thereby improving the visual clarity of the images, without significant sacrifices to acquisition time, reconstruction time and accuracy of quantitative values. This is expected to help enable T1 and T2 mapping of prostate cancer in clinically viable times, aiding differentiation between prostate cancer from noncancer and healthy prostate tissue.
Linking network ecology and ecosystem services to benefit people
Authors: Stanworth Anna , Peh Kelvin S.‐H. , Morris Rebecca J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Ecosystems are rapidly degraded by anthropogenic pressures, affecting the provision of ecosystem services. Therefore, it is increasingly important that we can quantify and manage ecosystem services to maintain human well‐being.

Many ecosystem services are underpinned by ecosystem functions and processes that are driven by interspecific ecological interactions. Humans then benefit from ecosystem services through socio‐ecological interactions. Therefore, interaction network approaches can provide a unique understanding of ecosystem service flows.

In this paper, we assess the current interface between network ecology and ecosystem services, before exploring how work linking these two fields could be enhanced.

We emphasise the value of network approaches and explore network methods to improve the assessment and management of ecosystem services. Within this, we highlight the role of local and indigenous knowledge in operationalising network approaches in a useful ecosystem service context.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Mechanical behavior of glass fiber‐reinforced hollow glass particles filled epoxy composites under moisture environment
Authors: Anandakumar Paramasivam , Kanny Krishnan , Mohan Turup Pandurangan , Velmurugan Ramachandran 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe utilization of hollow glass particle‐filled fiber‐reinforced composites in marine applications necessitates a proper understanding of their behavior when exposed to moisture environments. In this study, the glass fiber‐reinforced composites reinforced with 0%–30% volume fraction of glass microspheres were fabricated and immersed in seawater and distilled water conditions for monotonic tensile and flexural testing. The degradation mechanisms were analyzed by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moisture absorption results showed an increasing trend with the inclusion of glass microspheres. A decline in glass transition temperature and storage modulus was observed as a result of moisture absorption. The tensile results of the specimens exhibited a decrease of 13% and 9% in distilled water and seawater solution, respectively when compared with unaged samples, respectively. The flexural results of the aged composite specimens demonstrated a reduction of 24% and 11% in distilled water and seawater solution, respectively when compared with unaged samples. The findings also show that the influence of moisture on the modulus is less pronounced compared to its effect on strength under both environmental conditions. The micrograph results revealed a notable deterioration of the glass microsphere and the fiber/matrix interface in the moist environment.Highlights
Water absorption increases with the addition of glass microspheres.
Microsphere degradation and fiber/matrix debonding are the governing mechanism.
Retained 89% of tensile strength of their initial properties after exposed in sea water.
Increase in microsphere contents decreases the tensile and flexural strength.
Invasive wild pig (Sus scrofa) diets on barrier islands in the southeastern United States
Authors: Canright Vienna R , Piaggio Antoinette J , Beasley James C 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiological invasions are a leading cause of reductions in global biodiversity. Islands are particularly sensitive to invasions, which often result in cascading impacts throughout island communities. Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are globally invasive and pose threats to numerous taxa and ecosystems, particularly for islands where they have contributed to declines of many endemic species. However, the impacts of wild pig diet on the flora and fauna remain understudied in many island systems.RESULTSWe used DNA metabarcoding of wild pig fecal samples to quantify the seasonal diet composition of wild pigs on three barrier islands in the southeastern United States. Wild pigs exhibited a diverse diet dominated by plants, but also including marine and terrestrial animals. The diet composition of plants varied seasonally and between islands. Consumption of invertebrates also changed seasonally, with a shift to coastal invertebrates, particularly crabs, in spring and summer. Vertebrates were found in <10% of samples, but spanned broad taxa including amphibians, fish, mammals, and reptiles. Species consumed by wild pigs indicate that wild pigs use a variety of habitats within barrier islands for foraging, including maritime forests, saltmarshes, and beaches.CONCLUSIONSAn observed shift to beach foraging during sea turtle nesting season suggests wild pigs have potential to hinder nesting success on islands without established management programs. These findings provide insight into the diverse diets of wild pigs on barrier islands and highlight the need for removal of wild pigs from sensitive island ecosystems because of their potential impacts to native plant and animal communities. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Hierarchical estimation methods based on the penalty term for controlled autoregressive systems with colored noises
Authors: Sun Huanqi , Xiong Weili , Ding Feng , Yang Erfu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article considers the parameter estimation problems for the controlled autoregressive systems interfered by moving average noises. A recursive extended gradient algorithm with penalty term is proposed by using the penalty criterion function. By introducing three fictitious output variables, the original system can be decomposed into three subsystems based on the hierarchical principle. The hierarchical recursive extended gradient algorithm with penalty term is then proposed to achieve the parameter estimation. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Anodic Reconstructed p+‐GaAs/a‐InAsN for Stable and Efficient Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liang Jiehui , Liu Peixin , Xie Shaohua , Liu Qianhu , Wang Junkun , Guo Jiansen , Wu Haoyang , Wang Wenliang , Li Guoqiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe extremely poor solution stability and massive carrier recombination have seriously prevented III–V semiconductor nanomaterials from efficient and stable hydrogen production. In this work, an anodic reconstruction strategy based on group III–V active semiconductors is proposed for the first time, resulting in 19‐times photo‐gain. What matters most is that the device after anodic reconstruction shows very superior stability under the protracted photoelectrochemical (PEC) test over 8100 s, while the final photocurrent density does not decrease but rather increases by 63.15%. Using the experiment and DFT theoretical calculation, the anodic reconstruction mechanism is elucidated: through the oxidation of indium clusters and the migration of arsenic atoms, the reconstruction formed p+‐GaAs/a‐InAsN. The hole concentration of the former is increased by 10 times (5.64 × 1018 cm−1 increases up to 5.95 × 1019 cm−1) and the band gap of the latter one is reduced to a semi‐metallic state, greatly strengthening the driving force of PEC water splitting. This work turns waste into treasure, transferring the solution instability into better efficiency.
Advancements in Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction: A Comprehensive Review of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Long Xianhu , Huang Fan , Yao Zhangnan , Li Ping , Zhong Tao , Zhao Huinan , Tian Shuanghong , Shu Dong , He Chun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic nitrogen reduction technology seamlessly aligns with the principles of environmentally friendly chemical production. In this paper, a comprehensive review of recent advancements in electrocatalytic NH3 synthesis utilizing single‐atom catalysts (SACs) is offered. Into the research and applications of three categories of SACs: noble metals (Ru, Au, Rh, Ag), transition metals (Fe, Mo, Cr, Co, Sn, Y, Nb), and nonmetallic catalysts (B) in the context of electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis is delved. In‐depth insights into the material preparation methods, single‐atom coordination patterns, and the characteristics of the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) are provided. The systematic comparison of the nitrogen reduction capabilities of various SAC types offers a comprehensive research framework for their integration into electrocatalytic NRR. Additionally, the challenges, potential solutions, and future prospects of incorporating SACs into electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction endeavors are discussed.
Effect of Simultaneous Ultrasonication and Protease Treatment on Wet Milling of High‐Amylose Corn
Authors: Zhou Qiong , Gu Zhonghua , Cheng Gaomin , Zhao Renyong , Jiang Hongxin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe objective of this work is to study the effect of applying simultaneous ultrasonication and alkaline protease treatment to the wet‐milling of high‐amylose corn on improving the starch yield and reducing the starch protein content. After applying the optimal conditions of simultaneous ultrasonication and protease treatment to the wet milling, the starch yield is elevated to 61.3% and the starch protein content is decreased to 0.44% when compared to the conventional process (48.9% and 1.75%, respectively). High‐amylose corn starch extracted using simultaneous ultrasonication and protease treatment has crystalline structure, relative crystallinity, pasting properties, thermal properties, and enzymatic digestibility similar to the one extracted from the conventional process. The results suggest that simultaneous ultrasonication and protease treatment are a friendly approach in improving the yield of high‐amylose corn starch and reducing the starch protein content, causing no obvious change in starch physicochemical properties and enzymatic digestibility. This study provides useful information for scaling up simultaneous ultrasonication and protease treatment to industrial scale with minor modifications of the conventional wet‐milling process.
Preparation and Application of Zwitterion Modified Starch Catalyzed by HRP‐ACAC Binary System
Authors: Wang Wenda , Zhang Ning , Cui Yifan , Wang Qiang , Zhou Man , Wang Ping , Yu Yuanyuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnzymatic modification, compared with traditional starch (St) chemical modification methods, avoids using toxic solvents and toxic catalysts. The horseradish peroxidase (HRP), being the most commonly employed natural green initiator, has found extensive application in starch grafting modification as a substitute for chemical initiators. HRP‐catalyzed grafting of starch with vinyl zwitterionic monomers has not been reported. Here, modified starch (St‐PSBMA) is first synthesized by grafting zwitterionic sulfobetaine [2‐(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl‐(3‐sulfopropyl) (SBMA) onto starch by HRP/Acetylacetone(ACAC) binary initiation system catalyzed. The modified starch‐based hydrogel is then prepared by the repeated freeze‐thaw method. Compared with native starch‐based hydrogels, which bind water molecules only through hydrogen bonding, the ability of modified starch‐based hydrogels to bind water molecules is enhanced by ionic solvation. The modified starch hydrogels also have excellent antiprotein adsorption and antibacterial properties due to the presence of a strong hydration layer. The modified starch‐based hydrogel also has excellent sensitivity and stability when used as a sensor for detecting joint motion. The binary HRP initiating system, employed in this study instead of the traditional three‐component HRP initiating system, offers a novel and promising approach for grafting modification of starch without the need for strong oxidant hydrogen peroxide.
Using Artificial Intelligence in TESOL: Some Ethical and Pedagogical Considerations
Authors: Pack Austin , Maloney Jeffrey 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile recent and significant progress made in natural language processing and artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to drastically influence the field of language education, many language educators and administrators remain unfamiliar with these recent technological advances and their pedagogical implications. The primary purpose of this paper is to raise the awareness of language educators regarding ethical and pedagogical issues stemming from student, teacher, and administrator use of generative AI tools such as large language models (LLMs) and AI chatbots. These issues include ethical ways of teaching with AI, questions of ownership, writing skills development, the accuracy and reliability of generated output, the potential to widen the educational divide, and AI bias. We conclude by offering suggestions for language educators and calling for further discussion.
Detection ofBartonella schoenbuchensis(sub)species DNA in different louse fly species in Saxony, Germany: The proof of multiple PCR analysis necessity in case of ruminant‐associated bartonellae determination
Authors: Vogt Isabelle , Schröter Stephanie , Schreiter Ruben , Sprong Hein , Volfová Karolina , Jentzsch Matthias , Freick Markus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundHippoboscid flies are bloodsucking arthropods that can transmit pathogenic microorganisms and are therefore potential vectors for pathogens such asBartonellaspp. These Gram‐negative bacteria can cause mild‐to‐severe clinical signs in humans and animals; therefore, monitoringBartonellaspp. prevalence in louse fly populations appears to be a useful prerequisite for zoonotic risk assessment.MethodsUsing convenience sampling, we collected 103 adult louse flies from four ked species (Lipoptena cervi,n = 22;Lipoptena fortisetosa,n = 61;Melophagus ovinus,n = 12;Hippobosca equina,n = 8) and the pupae ofM. ovinus(n = 10) in the federal state of Saxony, Germany. All the samples were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) forBartonellaspp. DNA, targeting the citrate synthase gene (gltA). Subsequently, PCRs targeting five more genes (16S,ftsZ,nuoG,ribCandrpoB) were performed for representatives of revealedgltAgenotypes, and all the PCR products were sequenced to identify theBartonella(sub)species accurately.Results and ConclusionsThe overall detection rates forBartonellaspp. were 100.0%, 59.1%, 24.6% and 75.0% inM. ovinus,L. cervi,L. fortisetosaandH. equina, respectively. All the identified bartonellae belong to theBartonella schoenbuchensiscomplex. Our data support the proposed reclassification of the (sub)species status of this group, and thus we conclude that several genotypes ofB. schoenbuchensiswere detected, includingBartonella schoenbuchensissubsp.melophagiandBartonella schoenbuchensissubsp.schoenbuchensis, both of which have previously validated zoonotic potential. The extensive PCR analysis revealed the necessity of multiple PCR approach for proper identification of the ruminant‐associated bartonellae.
An alternative approach to averaging in nonlinear systems using classical probability density
Authors: Genda Attila , Fidlin Alexander , Gendelman Oleg 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe averaging method is a widely used technique in the field of nonlinear differential equations for effectively reducing systems with “fast” oscillations overlaying “slow” drift. The method involves calculating an integral, which can be straightforward in some cases but can also require simplifications such as series expansions. We propose an alternative approach that relies on the classical probability density (CPD) of the “fast” variable. Furthermore, we demonstrate the equivalence between the averaging integral and the cross‐correlation product of the CPD and the target function. This equivalence simplifies handling many problems, particularly those involving piecewise‐defined target functions. We propose an effective numerical method to calculate the averaged function, taking advantage of the well‐known mathematical properties of cross‐correlation products.
The TIPPING+ Project Journey
Authors: Tàbara J. David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces and provides the research background of the several contributions of this book. It does so first by briefly reviewing the previous conceptual developments that over the course of two decades eventually led to the EU-funded project TIPPING+. The goal of the project was to improve our understanding of the enabling conditions and complex processes for fast structural sustainable transformations in coal and carbon intensive regions (CCIRs) using the notion of positive tipping points as a boundary concept able to bring together the insights of various social science and interdisciplinary perspectives. The main challenge facing these regions is understood not only as sectoral energy transitioning challenge; but the extent to which multiple socio-economic, political and cultural dimensions for full-systems transformations are taken into account. Second, it presents some of the conceptual and methodological proposals generated by the project and argues for ontological and epistemological diversity and to understand equity and justice as a key drivers and outcomes of positive tipping points. As a research journey, however, the TIPPING+ project did not search for a destination. Instead, it looked for a point of departure, for an opportunity space in which different disciplines, researchers and interests could jointly develop their own ideas and start their own new research ventures.
Exploring the Role of Identities and Perceptions of the Future in a Post-coal Mining Region: The Demolition of Andorra Coal-fired Cooling Towers (Spain) as a Tipping Point
Authors: Cots Francesc , Tàbara J. David , Fosse Jérémie , Codina Gerard 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn May 2022, the last cooling tower of the coal-fired power plant in the Spanish region of Andorra in Teruel province was demolished. After forty years in operation such an event had a huge emotional effect on the local population, since much of the local identity and tradition was built around this industrial emblem. On the one hand, it represented a final symbolic farewell to a way of life around coal, now perceived to have inevitably ceased to exist. On the other hand, it highlighted the need to accelerate the full regional transformation towards a new socio-economic structure whose agents of change, content and new identities were not yet well-defined. Our research explores the role of identities and perceptions of the future as key constraining or enabling factors in tipping former carbon-intensive regions towards clean energy and sustainable development pathways. Understanding how local populations see their uncertainties about the future, and examining other views on relative deprivation and inequality, are central in developing enabling governance arrangements and continuous learning feedback loops required in rapid socio-energy transformations. We found out that embracing transformative change towards green transformations may entail adopting more diversified, self-defined complex forms of collective sense-making processes based on project identities.