bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auf der Suche nach dem großen Knall. Massensterben von Dinosauriern & Co. am Ende der Kreidezeit
Authors: Stinnesbeck Wolfgang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAm Ende der Kreidezeit ereignete sich ein weltweites, massives Artensterben, dem die Dinosaurier, die Ammoniten und ein Großteil des marinen Planktons zum Opfer fielen. Nach einer gängigen Hypothese soll der Einschlag eines Asteroiden die Ursache gewesen sein. Die Einschlagstelle wird in der Nähe des Dorfes Chicxulub auf der Halbinsel Yucatan in Mexiko vermutet. Bei genauerer Untersuchung stellt sich heraus, dass die Gründe für das Massensterben wesentlich komplexer waren: Vermutlich kam es zu einer Verknüpfung mehrerer zeitlich getrennter Ereignisse und Faktoren. Neben intensivem Vulkanismus und den daraus resultierenden Schwankungen des Klimas und des Meeresspiegels war auch eine Serie von Asteroiden‐Einschlägen beteiligt. Der Yucatan‐Einschlag ist aber bis zu 300.000 Jahre älter als die Kreide/Tertiär‐Grenze und damit nicht der Auslöser des globalen Artensterbens.
Orchideen, Wespen, Raupen: Mimikry eines Hilferufes
Authors: Brennicke Axel 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBereits Darwin hatte bemerkt, dass einige Orchideen ganz bestimmte Wespen anlocken, konnte aber nicht erklären, wie. Neue Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Blüten ein ganz besonderes chemisches Bukett abgeben: Sie duften wie von Raupen angefressene Blätter. Mit diesen Verbindungen locken die attackierten Pflanzen Wespen an, damit diese die Raupen fressen.
Nachrichten des Verbandes Biologie, Biowissenschaften & Biomedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Wittinghofer Alfred 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBundesdelegiertenkonferenz: Was treibt den VBIO ein Jahr nach der Fusion um?Aus den VBIO‐Arbeitskreisen: AK BiomedizinFachsektion Didaktik: Trauer um Prof. Dr. H. VogtWissenschaft und Gesellschaft: Das UmweltgesetzbuchEhrungen: Treviranus‐Medaille für Prof. Dr. Günter TembrockTermine
Albrecht von Haller
Authors: Irsch Wilhelm 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAm 16. Oktober 2008 feiert man nicht nur in der Schweiz den 300. Geburtstag Albrecht von Hallers (1708–1777). Der Universalgelehrte zählte zu den wichtigsten Persönlichkeiten des Jahrhunderts der Aufklärung. Seine Leistungen als Begründer der experimentellen Physiologie, Erforscher der Schweizer Flora und Dichter der Alpen wiesen der Medizin, Botanik und Literatur neue Wege.
Describing, diagnosing, and naming psychopathy: how do youth psychopathy labels influence jurors?
Authors: Boccaccini Marcus T. , Murrie Daniel C. , Clark John W. , Cornell Dewey G. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPrevious studies have reached opposing conclusions regarding how psychopathy assessment influences the court's response to a juvenile defendant. This study sought to clarify the apparent discrepancies across studies by distinguishing among three key variables: history of antisocial behavior (substantial versus minimal), psychopathic personality traits (present versus absent), and diagnostic label (no diagnosis, conduct disorder, psychopathy, or “is a psychopath”). We systematically manipulated these variables in vignettes describing expert testimony, and then distributed these vignettes to 891 jury‐pool members. Descriptions of the antisocial behavior and psychopathic personality traits underlying diagnoses tended to have stronger effects than did the diagnostic labels (i.e. psychopathy or conduct disorder). However, labeling juvenile defendants with the colloquial term “psychopath” led jurors to believe that they posed greater risk for future crime and deserved greater punishment compared with juveniles described as meeting diagnostic criteria for psychopathy or conduct disorder. Results should influence the language forensic evaluators use in practice. Results should also inform research that investigates diagnostic labeling effects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
COD services in community correctional settings: An examination of organizational factors that affect service delivery
Authors: Taxman Faye S. , Cropsey Karen L. , Melnick Gerald , Perdoni Matthew L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractLittle is known about service delivery for those in the correctional system with co‐occurring mental health and substance abuse disorders (COD). Using data from the National Criminal Justice Treatment Practices survey (NCJTP) on community corrections and jail agencies, this study found that correctional organizations that offer COD services differ from agencies that do not. Organizations that respond to the needs of COD offenders tend to be more “service friendly,” rank higher on measures of various dimensions of organizational climate that embrace learning and goal achievement, and tend to adopt more innovations, particularly those classified as evidence‐based practices. These survey findings indicate that correctional agencies who serve COD offenders are in a better position to be responsive to the changing service needs of the populations, and are more likely to be able to balance public safety and treatment goals. Future steps to develop support environments for COD assessment and treatment services are discussed in light of these findings. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender differences in comorbid disorders among offenders in prison substance abuse treatment programs
Authors: Zlotnick Caron , Clarke Jennifer G. , Friedmann Peter D. , Roberts Mary B. , Sacks Stanley , Melnick Gerald 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis study examined gender differences in a range of lifetime psychiatric disorders in a sample of 272 offenders newly admitted to a prison substance abuse program. Although these men and women did not differ in severity of substance use in the six months prior to incarceration, women were significantly more likely than men to report a lifetime psychiatric disorder and a lifetime severe disorder. Furthermore, gender differences emerged in the pattern of lifetime psychiatric comorbidity. Women reported greater lifetime major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, eating disorder, and borderline personality disorder; men were more likely than women to meet criteria for antisocial personality disorder. Additionally, female offenders were found to have a higher degree of internalizing disorders than male offenders, but there were no gender differences in degree of externalizing disorders. The study concluded that women offenders newly admitted to a prison substance abuse program present with a greater psychiatric vulnerability and a different pattern of psychiatric comorbidity than their male counterparts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing risk of reoffending in adolescents who have committed a sexual offense: the accuracy of clinical judgments after completion of risk assessment instruments
Authors: Elkovitch Natasha , Viljoen Jodi L. , Scalora Mario J. , Ullman Daniel 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAs courts often rely on clinicians when differentiating between sexually abusive youth at a low versus high risk of reoffense, understanding factors that contribute to accuracy in assessment of risk is imperative. The present study built on existing research by examining (1) the accuracy of clinical judgments of risk made after completing risk assessment instruments, (2) whether instrument‐informed clinical judgments made with a high degree of confidence are associated with greater accuracy, and (3) the risk assessment instruments and subscales most predictive of clinical judgments. Raters assessed each youth's (n = 166) risk of reoffending after completing the SAVRY and J‐SOAP‐II. Raters were not able to predict detected cases of either sexual recidivism or nonsexual violent recidivism above chance, and a high degree of rater confidence was not associated with higher levels of accuracy. Total scores on the J‐SOAP‐II were predictive of instrument‐informed clinical judgments of sexual risk, and total scores on the SAVRY of nonsexual risk. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constraint‐based motion synthesis for deformable models
Authors: Moss William , Lin Ming C. , Manocha Dinesh 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe present a fast goal‐directed motion synthesis technique that integrates sample‐based planning methods with constraint‐based dynamics simulation using a finite element formulation to generate collision‐free paths for deformable models. Our method allows the user to quickly specify various constraints, including a desired trajectory as a sparse sequence of waypoints, and it automatically computes a physically plausible path that satisfies geometric and physical constraints. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm by computing animated realistic motion of deformable characters and simulation of a medical procedure. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
L‐Carnitine suppresses oleic acid‐induced membrane permeability transition of mitochondria
Authors: Oyanagi Eri , Yano Hiromi , Kato Yasuko , Fujita Hirofumi , Utsumi Kozo , Sasaki Junzo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMembrane permeability transition (MPT) of mitochondria has an important role in apoptosis of various cells. The classic type of MPT is characterized by increased Ca2+transport, membrane depolarization, swelling, and sensitivity to cyclosporin A. In this study, we investigated whetherL‐carnitine suppresses oleic acid‐induced MPT using isolated mitochondria from rat liver. Oleic acid‐induced MPT in isolated mitochondria, inhibited endogenous respiration, caused membrane depolarization, and increased large amplitude swelling, and cytochromec(Cyt.c) release from mitochondria.L‐Carnitine was indispensable toβ‐oxidation of oleic acid in the mitochondria, and this reaction required ATP and coenzyme A (CoA). In the presence of ATP and CoA,L‐carnitine stimulated oleic acid oxidation and suppressed the oleic acid‐induced depolarization, swelling, and Cyt.crelease.L‐Carnitine also contributed to maintaining mitochondrial function, which was decreased by the generation of free fatty acids with the passage of time after isolation. These results suggest thatL‐carnitine acts to maintain mitochondrial function and suppresses oleic acid‐mediated MPT through acceleration ofβ‐oxidation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanistically Inspired Catalysts for Enantioselective Desymmetrizations by Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Fournier Pierre‐André , Savoie Jolaine , Stenne Brice , Bédard Marion , Grandbois Alain , Collins Shawn K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn asymmetric olefin metathesis reactions, the addition of halide additives is often required to augment enantioselectivities, despite the fact that the additives result in catalysts with diminished reactivities. The preparation of new chiral Ru‐based catalysts was accomplished by exploiting previously reported mechanistic studies. The catalysts possess a high level of reactivity and successfully induce high levels of asymmetry in desymmetrization reactions without the use of halide additives.
Magnetic Structure and Electronic Study of Complex Oxygen‐Deficient Manganites
Authors: Cortés‐Gil Raquel , Hernando María , Ruiz‐González M. Luisa , Céspedes Eva , Prieto Carlos , Alonso José M. , Vallet‐Regí María , Hernando Antonio , González‐Calbet José M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractNeutron diffraction and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) studies have been performed in La0.5Ca0.5MnO2.5, La0.5Sr0.5MnO2.5 and Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO2.5 oxygen‐deficient perovskite compounds obtained by topotactic reduction. They all exhibit a brownmillerite structure with G‐type antiferromagnetic ordering. Mn2+, Mn3+ and Mn4+ coexist at the octahedral sites, whereas only Mn2+ is placed in the tetrahedral positions. A magnetic moment of 1.6 μB has been detected at the tetrahedral layers, which can be explained by assuming Mn2+ is in a low‐spin configuration.
Is an MN σ‐Bond Insertion Route a Viable Alternative to the MN [2+2] Cycloaddition Route in Intramolecular Aminoallene Hydroamination/Cyclisation Catalysed by Neutral Zirconium Bis(amido) Complexes? A Computational Mechanistic Study
Authors: Tobisch Sven 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis study examines alternative reaction channels for intramolecular hydroamination/cyclisation (IHC) of primary 4,5‐hexadien‐1‐ylamine aminoallene (1) by a neutral [Cp2ZrMe2] zirconocene precatalyst (2) by using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The first channel proceeds through a [Cp2Zr(NHR)2] complex as the reactive species and relevant steps including the insertion of an allenic CC linkage into the ZrNHR σ‐bond and ensuing protonolysis. This is contrasted to the [2+2] cycloaddition mechanism involving a [Cp2ZrNR] transient species. The salient features of the rival mechanisms are disclosed. The cycloaddition route entails the first transformation of the dormant [Cp2Zr(NHR)2] complex 3 B into the transient [Cp2ZrNR] intermediate 3 A′, which is turnover limiting. This route features a highly facile ring closure together with a substantially slower protonolysis (kcycloadd≫kprotonolysis) and can display inhibition by high substrate concentration. In contrast, protonolysis is the more facile step for the channel proceeding through the [Cp2Zr(NHR)2] complex as the catalytically active species. Here, CC insertion into the ZrC σ‐bond of 3 B, which represents the catalyst resting state, is turnover limiting and substrate concentration is unlikely to influence the rate. The regulation of the selectivity is elucidated for the two channels. DFT predicts that five‐ring allylamine and six‐ring imine are generated upon traversing the cycloaddition route, thereby comparing favourably with experiment, whereas the cycloimine should be formed solely along the σ‐bond insertion route. The mechanistic analysis is indicative of an operating [2+2] cycloaddition mechanism. The ZrNHR σ‐bond insertion route, although appearing not to be employed for the reactants studied herein, is clearly suggested as being viable for hydroamination by charge neutral organozirconium compounds.
Harnessing a Ratiometric Fluorescence Output from a Sensor Array
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Palacios Manuel A. , Zyryanov Grigory , Anzenbacher Pavel 
Published: August 2008

AbstractRatiometric fluorescence‐based sensors are widely sought after because they can effectively convert even relatively small changes in optical output into a strong and easy‐to‐read signal. However, ratiometric sensor molecules are usually difficult to make. We present a proof‐of‐principle experiment that shows that efficient ratiometric sensing may be achieved by an array of two chromophores, one providing an on‐to‐off response and the second yielding an off‐to‐on response in a complementary fashion. In the case that both chromophores emit light of different color, the result is a switching of colors that may be utilized in the same way as from a true ratiometric probe. The chromophore array comprises two sensor elements: i) a polyurethane membrane with embedded N‐anthracen‐9‐yl‐methyl‐N‐7‐nitrobenzoxa‐[1,2,5]diazo‐4‐yl‐N′,N′‐dimethylethylenediamine hydrochloride and ii) a membrane with N,N‐dimethyl‐N′‐(9‐methylanthracenyl)ethylenediamine. A combination of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) allows for green‐to‐blue emission switching in the presence of ZnII ions. The sensing experiments carried out with different ZnII salts at controlled pH revealed that the degree of color switching in the individual sensor elements depends on both the presence of ZnII ions and the counter anion. These results suggest that sensing of both cations and anions may perhaps be extended to different cation–anion pairs.
Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Selective Inhibitors of Class II Fructose Bisphosphate Aldolases: Towards New Synthetic Antibiotics
Authors: Fonvielle Matthieu , Coinçon Mathieu , Daher Racha , Desbenoit Nicolas , Kosieradzka Katarzyna , Barilone Nathalie , Gicquel Brigitte , Sygusch Jurgen , Jackson Mary , Therisod Michel 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe report the synthesis and biochemical evaluation of selective inhibitors of class II (zinc‐dependent) fructose bisphosphate aldolases. The most active compound is a simplified analogue of fructose bisphosphate, bearing a well‐positioned metal chelating group. It is a powerful and highly selective competitive inhibitor of isolated class II aldolases. We report crystallographic studies of this inhibitor bound in the active site of the Helicobacter pylori enzyme. The compound also shows activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates.
ChemInform Abstract: Orthorhombic Superstructures within the Rare Earth Strontium‐Doped Cobaltate Perovskites: Ln1‐xSrxCoO3‐δ (Ln: Y3+, Dy3+—Yb3+; 0.750 ≤ x ≤ 0.875).
Authors: James Michael , Avdeev Maxim , Barnes Paris , Morales Liliana , Wallwork Kia , Withers Ray 
Published: August 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Neutron Powder Diffraction Study on the Crystal and Magnetic Structures of BiCrO3.
Authors: Belik Alexei A. , Iikubo Satoshi , Kodama Katsuaki , Igawa Naoki , Shamoto Shinichi , Takayama‐Muromachi Eiji 
Published: August 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Processing and Photocatalytic Properties of Transparent 12 Tungsto(VI) Phosphoric Acid—TiO2 Hybrid Films.
Authors: Yanagida Sayaka , Nakajima Akira , Sasaki Takayoshi , Kameshima Yoshikazu , Okada Kiyoshi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Stable Arsonium and Sulfur Ylides from Perfluoroalkanesulfonyl Diazocarbonyl Compounds and Their X‐Ray Diffraction Analysis.
Authors: Pang Wan , Zhu Shifa , Xing Chunhui , Luo Nianhua , Jiang Huanfeng , Zhu Shizheng 
Published: August 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Reactions Initiated by the Photochemical Cleavage of Carbon—Indium Bonds of Organoindium Compounds.
Authors: Hirashita Tsunehisa , Hayashi Ayumi , Tsuji Makoto , Tanaka Jiro , Araki Shuki 
Published: August 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Method for Nearly Reduction‐Free Dehalogenations in a Fluorinated Biphasic System.
Authors: Wlassics I. , Tortelli V. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Calix[4]resorcinarenes with Phosphorylaryl Substituents at the Lower Rim of the Molecule.
Authors: Gavrilova E. L. , Naumova A. A. , Burilov A. R. , Pudovik M. A. , Krasil'nikova E. A. , Konovalov A. I. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Fluorous Propenes from 3‐Perfluoroalkyl‐2‐iodo‐1‐propanols.
Authors: Szijjarto Csongor , Ivanko Peter , Takacs Ferenc T. , Szabo Denes , Rabai Jozsef 
Published: August 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Highly Stereoselective One‐Pot Synthesis of Either (E)‐ or (Z)‐Nitro Alkenes.
Authors: Fioravanti Stefania , Pellacani Lucio , Tardella Paolo A. , Vergari Maria Cecilia 
Published: August 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Au(I) Complexes‐Catalyzed Transfer Vinylation of Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Nakamura Aki , Tokunaga Makoto 
Published: August 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiselective Direct Asymmetric Mannich Reactions Catalyzed by Chiral Pyrrolidine‐Based Amino Sulfonamides.
Authors: Kano Taichi , Hato Yoshio , Yamamoto Akihiro , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: August 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Synthesis of Methyl Trifluoropyruvate Catalyzed by Solid Acids.
Authors: Lermontov Sergey A. , Ushakova Lyudmila L. , Kuryleva Nina V. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Vinylation and Difluorovinylation of Arylboronic Acids Using Vinyl‐ and 2,2‐Difluorovinyl Tosylates via the Suzuki—Miyaura Cross Coupling.
Authors: Goegsig Thomas M. , Soebjerg Lina S. , Lindhardt Anders T. , Jensen Kim L. , Skrydstrup Troels 
Published: August 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: gem‐Difluorinated Homoallyl Alcohols, β‐Hydroxy Ketones, and syn‐ and anti‐1,3‐Diols via γ,γ‐Difluoroallylboronates.
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Chatterjee Anamitra 
Published: August 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.