bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weil zeta functions of group representations over finite fields
Authors: Corob Cook Ged , Kionke Steffen , Vannacci Matteo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this article we define and study a zeta function $$\zeta _G$$

ζ
G

—similar to the Hasse-Weil zeta function—which enumerates absolutely irreducible representations over finite fields of a (profinite) group G. This Weil representation zeta function converges on a complex half-plane for all UBERG groups and admits an Euler product decomposition. Our motivation for this investigation is the observation that the reciprocal value $$\zeta _G(k)^{-1}$$

ζ
G

(
k
)

-
1

at a sufficiently large integer k coincides with the probability that k random elements generate the completed group ring of G. The explicit formulas obtained so far suggest that $$\zeta _G$$

ζ
G

is rather well-behaved. A central object of this article is the Weil abscissa, i.e., the abscissa of convergence a(G) of $$\zeta _G$$

ζ
G

. We calculate the Weil abscissae for free abelian, free abelian pro-p, free pro-p, free pronilpotent and free prosoluble groups. More generally, we obtain bounds (and sometimes explicit values) for the Weil abscissae of free pro-$${\mathfrak {C}}$$
C
groups, where $${\mathfrak {C}}$$
C
is a class of finite groups with prescribed composition factors. We prove that every real number $$a \ge 1$$

a
≥
1

is the Weil abscissa a(G) of some profinite group G. In addition, we show that the Euler factors of $$\zeta _G$$

ζ
G

are rational functions in $$p^{-s}$$

p

-
s

if G is virtually abelian. For finite groups G we calculate $$\zeta _G$$

ζ
G

using the rational representation theory of G.
Genetic mapping reveals the complex genetic architecture controlling slow canopy wilting in soybean
Authors: Menke Ethan , Steketee Clinton J. , Song Qijian , Schapaugh William T. , Carter Thomas E. , Fallen Benjamin , Li Zenglu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], drought stress is the leading cause of yield loss from abiotic stress in rain-fed US growing areas. Only 10% of the US soybean production is irrigated; therefore, plants must possess physiological mechanisms to tolerate drought stress. Slow canopy wilting is a physiological trait that is observed in a few exotic plant introductions (PIs) and may lead to yield improvement under drought stress. Canopy wilting of 130 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from Hutcheson × PI 471938 grown under drought stress was visually evaluated and genotyped with the SoySNP6K BeadChip. Over four years, field evaluations of canopy wilting were conducted under rainfed conditions at three locations across the US (Georgia, Kansas, and North Carolina). Due to the variation in weather among locations and years, the phenotypic data were collected from seven environments. Substantial variation in canopy wilting was observed among the genotypes in the RIL population across environments. Three QTLs were identified for canopy wilting from the RIL population using composite interval mapping on chromosomes (Chrs) 2, 8, and 9 based on combined environmental analyses. These QTLs inherited the favorable alleles from PI 471938 and accounted for 11, 10, and 14% of phenotypic variation, respectively. A list of 106 candidate genes were narrowed down for these three QTLs based on the published information. The QTLs identified through this research can be used as targets for further investigation to understand the mechanisms of slow canopy wilting. These QTLs could be deployed to improve drought tolerance through a targeted selection of the genomic regions from PI 471938.
Contribution of wedge and bulk viscous forces in droplets moving on inclined surfaces
Authors: Bodziony Francisco , Li Xiaomei , Yin Mariana , Berger Rüdiger , Butt Hans-Jürgen , Marschall Holger 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Employing direct numerical simulations, we investigate water and water-glycerol (85 wt%) droplets ($$\sim $$
∼
25 µL) moving on smooth surfaces, with contact angles of around 90$$^{\circ }$$

∘

, at varying inclinations. Our focus is on elucidating the relative contribution of local viscous forces in the wedge and bulk regions in droplets to the total viscous force. We observe that, for fast-moving droplets, both regions contribute comparably, while the contribution of the wedge region dominates in slow-moving cases. Comparisons with existing estimates reveal the inadequacy of previous predictions in capturing the contributions of wedge and bulk viscous forces in fast-moving droplets. Furthermore, we demonstrate that droplets with identical velocities can exhibit disparate viscous forces due to variations in internal fluid dynamics.

Graphical abstract
Prone vs supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy: does position affect renal pelvic pressures?
Authors: Farkouh Ala’a , Park Kyu , Buell Matthew I. , Mack Nicole , De Guzman Cliff , Clark Toby , Baldwin Elizabeth A. , Shete Kanha , Leu Rose , Amasyali Akin S. , Seibly Evan , Cheng Kai Wen , Song Sikai , Okhunov Zhamshid , Baldwin D. Duane 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to measure and compare renal pelvic pressure (RPP) between prone and supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in a benchtop model. Six identical silicone kidney models were placed into anatomically correct prone or supine torsos constructed from patient CT scans in the corresponding positions. A 30-Fr renal access sheath was placed in either the upper, middle, or lower pole calyx for both prone and supine positions. Two 9-mm BegoStones were placed in the respective calyx and RPPs were measured at baseline, irrigating with a rigid nephroscope, and irrigating with a flexible nephroscope. Five trials were conducted for each access in both prone and supine positions. The average baseline RPP in the prone position was significantly higher than the supine position (9.1 vs 2.7 mmHg; p < 0.001). Similarly, the average RPP in prone was significantly higher than supine when using both the rigid and flexible nephroscopes. When comparing RPPs for upper, middle, and lower pole access sites, there was no significant difference in pressures in either prone or supine positions (p > 0.05 for all). Overall, when combining all pressures at baseline and with irrigation, with all access sites and types of scopes, the mean RPP was significantly higher in the prone position compared to the supine position (14.0 vs 3.2 mmHg; p < 0.001). RPPs were significantly higher in the prone position compared to the supine position in all conditions tested. These differences in RPPs between prone and supine PCNL could in part explain the different clinical outcomes, including postoperative fever and stone-free rates.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: retrospective study on possible predictors of treatment success and revisiting the role of non-contrast-enhanced computer tomography in kidney and ureteral stone disease
Authors: Oliveira Beatriz , Teixeira Bernardo , Magalhães Martinha , Vinagre Nuno , Fraga Avelino , Cavadas Vítor 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExtracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a safe and efficient treatment option for urinary stone disease. The overall stone-free rate (SFR) varies significantly. This study aimed to assess the influence of stone size, location, stone density, and skin-to-stone distance (SSD), on the outcome of ESWL. We assessed whether pre-treatment non-contrast-enhanced CT scan (NCCT) confers significant advantages compared to kidney-ureter-bladder film (KUB) only. We reviewed the medical records of 307 cases (165 men, 142 women) with renal and ureteral stones treated consecutively at our institution with ESWL between 2020 and 2023. 44 of these underwent a NCCT. The outcome of ESWL was defined in two ways: visible stone fragmentation on KUB, and the need for further treatment. Overall success of fragmentation was 85% (261 patients). 61% of patients (n = 184) didn’t need any further treatment. Stone size and location correlated significantly with treatment outcomes regarding the need for further treatment (p = 0.004) and stone fragmentation (p = 0.016), respectively. Unlike mean SSD (p = 0.462), the mean attenuation value (MAV) significantly correlated with the need for retreatment (p = 0.016). MAV seems to be a better predictor of treatment success (AUC of the ROC curve: 0.729), compared to stone size (AUC: 0.613). The difference between groups (with and without NCCT) in both treatment outcomes did not reach statistical significance. During decision-making, information regarding SSD and MAV can be useful in more dubious scenarios. However, it appears that their inclusion doesn’t provide substantial advantages when compared to relying solely on KUB.
Associations of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor with toxicities and efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ma Sha , Wang Ying , Qi Kunming , Lu Wenyi , Qi Yuekun , Cao Jiang , Niu Mingshan , Li Depeng , Sang Wei , Yan Zhiling , Zhu Feng , Cheng Hai , Li Zhenyu , Zhao Mingfeng , Xu Kailin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFew studies have reported the associations of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) with cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxic events (NEs) and efficacy after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). We present a retrospective study of 67 patients with R/R B-ALL who received anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy, 41 (61.2%) patients received G-CSF (G-CSF group), while 26 (38.8%) did not (non-G-CSF group). Patients had similar duration of grade 3–4 neutropenia between the two groups. The incidences of CRS and NEs were higher in G-CSF group, while no differences in severity were found. Further stratified analysis showed that the incidence and severity of CRS were not associated with G-CSF administration in patients with low bone marrow (BM) tumor burden. None of the patients with low BM tumor burden developed NEs. However, there was a significant increase in the incidence of CRS after G-CSF administration in patients with high BM tumor burden. The duration of CRS in patients who used G-CSF was longer. There were no significant differences in response rates at 1 and 3 months after CAR T-cell infusion, as well as overall survival (OS) between the two groups. In conclusion, our results showed that G-CSF administration was not associated with the incidence or severity of CRS in patients with low BM tumor burden, but the incidence of CRS was higher after G-CSF administration in patients with high BM tumor burden. The duration of CRS was prolonged in G-CSF group. G-CSF administration was not associated with the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy.
A primer to vascular anatomy of the brain: an overview on anterior compartment
Authors: Morales-Roccuzzo Diego , Sabahi Mohammadmahdi , Obrzut Michal , Najera Edinson , Monterroso-Cohen David , Bsat Shadi , Adada Badih , Borghei-Razavi Hamid 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Knowledge of neurovascular anatomy is vital for neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuro-radiologists and anatomy students, amongst others, to fully comprehend the brain’s anatomy with utmost depth. This paper aims to enhance the foundational knowledge of novice physicians in this area.

Method
A comprehensive literature review was carried out by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using primary keywords related to brain vasculature, without date restrictions. The identified literature was meticulously examined and scrutinized. In the process of screening pertinent papers, further articles and book chapters were obtained through analysis and additional assessing of the reference lists. Additionally, four formalin-fixed, color latex-injected cadaveric specimens preserved in 70% ethanol solution were dissected under surgical microscope (Leica Microsystems Inc, 1700 Leider Ln, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089 USA). Using microneurosurgical as well as standard instruments, and a high-speed surgical drill (Stryker Instruments 1941 Stryker Way Portage, MI 49002 USA). Ulterior anatomical dissection was documented in microscopic images.

Results
Encephalic circulation functions as a complex network of intertwined vessels. The Internal Carotid Arteries (ICAs) and the Vertebral Arteries (VAs), form the anterior and posterior arterial circulations, respectively. This work provides a detailed exploration of the neurovascular anatomy of the anterior circulation and its key structures, such as the Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) and the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA). Embryology is also briefly covered, offering insights into the early development of the vascular structures of the central nervous system. Cerebral venous system was detailed, highlighting the major veins and tributaries involved in the drainage of blood from the intracranial compartment, with a focus on the role of the Internal Jugular Veins (IJVs) as the primary, although not exclusive, deoxygenated blood outflow pathway.

Conclusion
This work serves as initial guide, providing essential knowledge on neurovascular anatomy, hoping to reduce the initial impact when tackling the subject, albeit the intricate vasculature of the brain will necessitate further efforts to be conquered, that being crucial for neurosurgical and neurology related practice and clinical decision-making.
Structural stability of invasion graphs for Lotka–Volterra systems
Authors: Almaraz Pablo , Kalita Piotr , Langa José A. , Soler–Toscano Fernando 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study in detail the structure of the global attractor for the Lotka–Volterra system with a Volterra–Lyapunov stable structural matrix. We consider the invasion graph as recently introduced in Hofbauer and Schreiber (J Math Biol 85:54, 2022) and prove that its edges represent all the heteroclinic connections between the equilibria of the system. We also study the stability of this structure with respect to the perturbation of the problem parameters. This allows us to introduce a definition of structural stability in ecology in coherence with the classical mathematical concept where there exists a detailed geometrical structure, robust under perturbation, that governs the transient and asymptotic dynamics.
Activation of the native PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1 promoter by modifying near-miss cis-acting elements induces carotenoid biosynthesis in embryogenic rice callus
Authors: Sobrino-Mengual Guillermo , Alvarez Derry , Twyman Richard M. , Gerrish Christopher , Fraser Paul D. , Capell Teresa , Christou Paul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Key message
Modification of silent latent endosperm-enabled promoters (SLEEPERs) allows the ectopic activation of non-expressed metabolic genes in rice callus

Abstract
Metabolic engineering in plants typically involves transgene expression or the mutation of endogenous genes. An alternative is promoter modification, where small changes in the promoter sequence allow genes to be switched on or off in particular tissues. To activate silent genes in rice endosperm, we screened native promoters for near-miss cis-acting elements that can be converted to endosperm-active regulatory motifs. We chose rice PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1 (PSY1), encoding the enzyme responsible for the first committed step in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, because it is not expressed in rice endosperm. We identified six motifs within a 120-bp region, upstream of the transcriptional start site, which differed from endosperm-active elements by up to four nucleotides. We mutated four motifs to match functional elements in the endosperm-active BCH2 promoter, and this promoter was able to drive GFP expression in callus and in seeds of regenerated plants. The 4 M promoter was not sufficient to drive PSY1 expression, so we mutated the remaining two elements and used the resulting 6 M promoter to drive PSY1 expression in combination with a PDS transgene. This resulted in deep orange callus tissue indicating the accumulation of carotenoids, which was subsequently confirmed by targeted metabolomics analysis. PSY1 expression driven by the uncorrected or 4 M variants of the promoter plus a PDS transgene produced callus that lacked carotenoids. These results confirm that the adjustment of promoter elements can facilitate the ectopic activation of endogenous plant promoters in rice callus and endosperm and most likely in other tissues and plant species.
Distinct growth patterns in seedling and tillering wheat plants suggests a developmentally restricted role of HYD2 in salt-stress response
Authors: Bekkering Cody , Yu Shu , Kuo Chih Chi , Tian Li 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Key message
Mutants lacking functional HYD2 homoeologs showed improved seedling growth, but comparable or increased susceptibility to salt stress in tillering plants, suggesting a developmentally restricted role of HYD2 in salt response.

Abstract
Salinity stress threatens global food security by reducing the yield of staple crops such as wheat (Triticum ssp.). Understanding how wheat responds to salinity stress is crucial for developing climate resilient varieties. In this study, we examined the interplay between carotenoid metabolism and the response to salt (NaCl) stress, a specific form of salinity stress, in tetraploid wheat plants with mutations in carotenoid β-hydroxylase 1 (HYD1) and HYD2. Our investigation encompassed both the vulnerable seedling stage and the more developed tillering stage of wheat plant growth. Mutant combinations lacking functional HYD2 homoeologs, including hyd-A2 hyd-B2, hyd-A1 hyd-A2 hyd-B2, hyd-B1 hyd-A2 hyd-B2, and hyd-A1 hyd-B1 hyd-A2 hyd-B2, had longer first true leaves and slightly enhanced root growth during germination under salt stress compared to the segregate wild-type (control) plants. Interestingly, these mutant seedlings also showed decreased levels of neoxanthin and violaxanthin (xanthophylls derived from β-carotene) and an increase in β-carotene in roots. However, tillering hyd mutant and segregate wild-type plants generally did not differ in their height, tiller count, and biomass production under acute or prolonged salt stress, except for decreases in these parameters observed in the hyd-A1 hyd-B1 hyd-A2 hyd-B2 mutant that indicate its heightened susceptibility to salt stress. Taken together, these findings suggest a significant, yet developmentally restricted role of HYD2 homoeologs in salt-stress response in tetraploid wheat. They also show that hyd-A2 hyd-B2 mutant plants, previously demonstrated for possessing enriched nutritional (β-carotene) content, maintain an unimpaired ability to withstand salt stress.
The relationships between language, functional hearing, social, and motor development skills in children with early cochlear implants
Authors: Arat Şevval Utku , İkiz Bozsoy Merve , Yücel Esra 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between functional hearing, language, social, bilateral coordination and manual dexterity skills in children with early cochlear implants (CIs).

Methods
Thirty children with CIs were included in this study. The manual dexterity and bilateral coordination development of the participants were evaluated with Manual Dexterity and Bilateral Coordination subtests of Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2). Their language skills were assessed by the Test of Early language Development-3. To assess the functional hearing of participants the Functioning After Pediatric Cochlear Implantation scale (FAPCI) was administered their caregivers. Also, the Social Skills Evaluation Scale was administered to participants’ teachers to asses their social skills.

Results
There were significant correlations between participants’ receptive and expressive language skills, Manual Dexterity, and FAPCI scores (p < 0.05). There were also significant relationships between the SSES and FAPCI scores of the participants (p < 0.05). However, the Bilateral Coordination subtest did not show any significant correlation with any of the measurements (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
The results suggest that the language, manual dexterity and functional hearing abilities of children with CIs are closely related. Although, there were no significant correlations between all of the measurement, it is important to look beyond hearing and speech evaluations to assess the whole child.
Metronome-guided cochlear implantation for slower and smoother insertions of lateral wall electrodes
Authors: Wimmer W. , de Oliveira J. Veloso , Breitsprecher T. M. , Hans S. , Van Rompaey V. , Van de Heyning P. , Dazert S. , Weiss Nora M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionAchieving a slow and smooth electrode array insertion is paramount for preserving structural and functional integrity during cochlear implantation. This controlled study evaluates the efficacy of a metronome-guided insertion technique in enhancing the smoothness and speed of electrode array insertions.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study, patients undergoing cochlear implant surgery between 2022 and 2023 with lateral wall electrode arrays were included. Metronome guidance was delivered through an acoustic signal via headphones during electrode array insertion in cochlear implantation and compared to a control group without metronome-guidance.ResultsIn total, 37 cases were evaluated, including 25 conventional insertions and 12 metronome-guided insertions. The results indicate that metronome-guided insertions were significantly slower (− 0.46 mm/s;p < 0.001) without extending the overall procedure time. This can be attributed to fewer paused sections observed in the metronome-guided technique. Moreover, metronome-guided insertions exhibited superior performance in terms of insertion smoothness and a reduced number of re-gripping events.ConclusionsThe findings support the recommendation for the systematic application of metronome guidance in the manual insertion of cochlear implant electrode arrays, emphasizing its potential to optimize surgical outcomes.