bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should we perform preoperative coronary angiography in all cases of atrial myxomas?
Authors: Janas Robert , Jutley Rajwinder S. , Fenton Paul , Sarkar Pradeep 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe prevalence of coronary disease is high in patients with atrial myxomas yet routine angiography is not performed. Moreover, some tumors have angiographically detectable neovascularity, which can alter surgical planning. We report two cases that support our recommendation for performing coronary angiography in all cases diagnosed with cardiac myxomas. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Versatile and Efficient Ligand for Copper‐Catalyzed Formation of CN, CO, and PC Bonds: Pyrrolidine‐2‐Phosphonic Acid Phenyl Monoester
Authors: Rao Honghua , Jin Ying , Fu Hua , Jiang Yuyang , Zhao Yufen 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA new and readily available bidentate ligand, namely, pyrrolidine‐2‐phosphonic acid phenyl monoester (PPAPM), has been developed for the copper‐catalyzed formation of CN, CO, and PC bonds, and various N‐, O‐, and P‐arylation products were synthesized in good to excellent yields by using the CuI/PPAPM catalyst system. Addition of the PPAPM ligand greatly increases the reactivity of the copper catalyst, and the resulting versatile and efficient catalyst system is of widespread and practical application in cross‐coupling reactions.
Significance of thymidylate synthase gene expression level in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung
Authors: Hashimoto Hiroshi , Ozeki Yuichi , Sato Mitsuharu , Obara Kiyohaya , Matsutani Noriyuki , Nakagishi Yoshinori , Ogata Toshiro , Maehara Tadaaki 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThymidylate synthase (TS) catalyzes the methylation of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) and is a key enzyme for DNA synthesis. High expression of TS is thought to be associated with poor prognosis in some kinds of cancers. However, this association has not been clarified for nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. In the current study, the authors investigated the clinicopathologic significance of TS mRNA levels and the correlation with cellular proliferation in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.METHODSThe expression levels of TS mRNA were measured in 47 lung adenocarcinoma tissues using the Taq‐Man real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method and examined the clinicopathologic significance of TS expression. To clarify the correlation between TS expression level and cell proliferation, the Ki‐67 labeling index was also examined using immunohistochemical staining.RESULTSA positive correlation was observed between the expression levels of TS mRNA and stage of disease, lymph node metastasis, or tumor differentiation (P = .015). The higher expression group of TS mRNA showed a significantly poorer prognosis than the group with lower expression (P = .042). Moreover, there was a strong correlation noted between the expression levels of TS mRNA and the Ki‐67 labeling index (P = .009).CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study demonstrated that TS may be associated with stage of disease, lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, prognosis, and tumor cell proliferation. These results suggest that the expression levels of TS mRNA may be useful for predicting the malignant potential in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Immunoreactivity for cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript in rat sympathetic preganglionic neurons projecting to sympathetic ganglia and the adrenal medulla
Authors: Fenwick Natalie M. , Martin Carolyn L. , Llewellyn‐Smith Ida J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMany sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN) in the intermediolateral cell column (IML) contain cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART), but the function of these CART‐immunoreactive (IR) neurons is unknown. To test the possibility that CART might mark SPN involved in cardiovascular regulation, we first established whether all CART neurons in the spinal cord were SPN by double‐immunofluorescent labelling for CART and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). All autonomic subnuclei contained SPN immunoreactive for ChAT plus CART. Occasional ChAT‐negative, CART‐positive neurons occurred adjacent to the IML, indicating the existence of CART‐IR interneurons. We then retrogradely labelled SPN with cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) from a variety of targets and used double immunofluorescence to detect CTB and CART. Among SPN in the IML, 43% projecting to the coeliac ganglion, 34% projecting to the major pelvic ganglion, and about 15% projecting to the superior cervical ganglion or adrenal medulla contained CART. CART also occurred in most SPN projecting to the major pelvic ganglion from either the central autonomic area (63%) or the intercalated nucleus (58%). Finally, we used drug‐induced hypotension in conscious rats to evoke Fos immunoreactivity in barosensitive SPN and immunostained to reveal Fos and CART. CART immunoreactivity was present in 41% of the Fos‐IR barosensitive neurons, which were concentrated in the IML of segments T5–T13. CART‐positive, Fos‐negative neurons also occurred in the same segments. These results indicate that CART occurs in barosensitive SPN, nonbarosensitive SPN, and interneurons. Thus, CART is not an exclusive marker for cardiovascular SPN but is likely to influence many autonomic activities. J. Comp. Neurol. 495:422–433, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization of somatosensory cortical areas in the naked mole‐rat (Heterocephalus glaber)
Authors: Henry Erin C. , Remple Michael S. , O'Riain M. Justin , Catania Kenneth C. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMultiunit electrophysiology was combined with histological analysis of cortical sections to investigate the organization of somatosensory areas in the naked mole‐rat. We provide new details for the organization of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and identify cortical modules and barrels that correspond to the representations of different body parts. In addition, details of the location and organization of secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) are reported, and evidence for a third somatosensory representation, likely the parietal ventral area (PV), is provided and discussed. S1 contained a complete and systematic representation of the contralateral body surface and oral structures. The orientation of S1 was inverted, with the lower body represented medially and the face and oral structures located rostrolaterally. The S2 representation was found in caudolateral cortex forming a mirror image of S1. The two areas were joined at the representation of the vibrissae and snout, so that the orientation of S2 formed an upright representation of the body in cortex. Receptive fields for S2 were consistently larger than those in S1. Evidence for the presumptive parietal ventral area, lateral to S2, suggests that this area may be an inverted mirror image of S2. By aligning the electrophysiological maps of body representations with cytochrome oxidase‐reacted cortical sections we were able to identify modules related to the buccal pad, chin, vibrissae, forelimb, hindlimb, trunk, tongue, lower incisor, and upper incisors. The orofacial modules in lateral cortex resemble similar modules reported to relate to oral structures previously described in the laboratory rat, owl monkey, and squirrel monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 495:434–452, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Meshfree collocation solution of boundary value problems via interpolating moving least squares
Authors: Netuzhylov Hennadiy 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a meshfree interpolating moving least squares (IMLS) method based on singular weights for the solution of partial differential equations. Due to the specific singular choice of weight functions, which is needed to guarantee the interpolation, there arises a problem of finding the inverse of the occurring singular matrix. The inverse is carried out using a regularization of weight functions. It turns out that a stable inverse is obtained by considering the vanishing regularization parameter.Moreover, the use of this perturbation technique allows the correct evaluation of all necessary derivatives in interpolation points at a reasonable cost.Unlike standard kernel functions used in EFGM, RKPM, etc., the singular kernel functions lead to really interpolating functions which satisfy the Kronecker‐delta property. They can be used for enforcement of Dirichlet boundary conditions when solving boundary value problems.Solution to a model BVP as well as an experimental convergence study of the method to analytical solutions, confirming the mathematical derivations, are given. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estrogen receptor β as a therapeutic target for promoting neurogenesis and preventing neurodegeneration
Authors: Zhao Liqin , Brinton Roberta Diaz 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBoth estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ERα and ERβ, are expressed throughout the brain of both rodents and humans. Analyses from our laboratory and others reveal that both ERα and ERβ can contribute to estrogen‐induced protection against neurodegenerative insults. ERβ plays a key role in regulating brain development and estrogen‐induced promotion of neurogenesis and memory. These findings suggest that targeting ERβ could generate safe and effective therapeutics to promote neuronal defense mechanisms and to maintain cognitive function, while simultaneously reducing adverse effects in reproductive organs such as breast and uterus. A number of naturally occurring ERβ selective phytoestrogens have been identified and multiple structurally diverse ERβ selective ligands have been synthesized. A comparison of the models of complexes between selective agonists and either ERα or ERβ reveals that two variant amino acid residues in the ligand binding site, Leu384 and Met421 in ERα, which are replaced with Met336 and Ile373, respectively, in ERβ, are the key molecular constituents underlying the binding of selective ligands to either ER subtype. Development of an ERβ brain‐selective estrogen receptor modulator, in particular a natural source formulation, has great potential benefit for peri‐ and post‐menopausal women who face age‐associated cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. In addition, an ERβ selective formulation might promote neuronal defense mechanisms and cognition in men, while reducing the risk of prostate cancer. Drug Dev. Res. 66:103–117, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estrogen replacement and cognition in postmenopausal women: effect of years since menopause on response to treatment
Authors: Dunkin Jennifer , Rasgon Natalie , Zeller Michelle , Wagner‐Steh Kristi , David Steven , Altshuler Lori , Rapkin Andrea 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) to treat or prevent cognitive changes has become highly controversial in the past several years. Recent studies have suggested that participant age might play an important role in clinical response to estrogen. Specifically, previous studies have suggested that the age of participants might be a critical factor in drug response in that younger or more recently postmenopausal women might benefit more than older women and might help to explain conflicting results of other studies. In the present study, we used a randomized, placebo‐controlled design and a transdermal estrogen preparation composed of 17‐beta estradiol. Twenty depressed subjects and 17 age‐matched nondepressed control subjects were tested. A neuropsychological battery was administered at baseline and after completion of the 10‐week trial, and test scores were grouped into four composite scores using psychometric techniques. Baseline to follow‐up change was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of covariance. Results indicate that, while little overall beneficial effect of estrogen was found, years since menopause was significantly related to change in executive functioning in the estrogen group, but not the placebo group. Thus, more recently postmenopausal women demonstrated greater positive change than older women. This finding occurred in both the depressed sample and the control subjects. These results suggest that reproductive events are related to the clinical response to ERT, and that it might be worthwhile re‐analyzing results of prior studies with this variable in mind. Drug Dev. Res. 66:150–159, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
17β‐ and 17α‐estradiol are non‐competitive inhibitors of dopamine uptake: implications for Parkinson's disease models and therapeutics
Authors: Dykens James A. , Wersinger Christophe , Sidhu Anita 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDespite compelling literature documenting the cyto‐ and neuro‐protective activities of various estrogens in a wide variety of cell and animal models, several large clinical trials of hormone replacement therapies have failed to detect such beneficial responses in humans. To some degree, this failure stems from profound hormonal responses that counterbalance the protective effects. This limitation could be circumvented by the development of less hormonally active estrogen analogs that retain the cytoprotective activities of the parental hormones. For example, 17α‐estradiol (17α‐E2) is at least 200‐fold less active than 17β‐estradiol (17β‐E2) as a transactivating hormone, yet it is equipotent as a cytoprotectant in many cell types exposed to a variety of stressors, such as amyloid toxicity, serum withdrawal, oxidative stress, and glutamate excitotoxicity. Both estradiol isomers stabilize mitochondrial function under pathogenic conditions, and both have shown efficacy in animal models of stroke. The results for models of Parkinson's disease differ, and 17β‐E2, but not 17α‐E2, has been reported previously to provide neuroprotection against MPTP toxicity. However, such findings must be regarded in light of reports that 17β‐E2 impedes cellular uptake of MPTP by the dopamine transporter (DAT), thereby forestalling development of the lesion rather than providing authentic cytoprotection. We report here that both 17α‐E2 and 17β‐E2 show classical, non‐competitive, inhibition of dopamine uptake by the human DAT (hDAT) transfected into Ltk− mouse fibroblasts, HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells, and SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. IC50 values vary slightly with cell type, but are 400 and 70 nM for 17α‐E2 and 17β‐E2, respectively, in SH‐SY5Y cells. We also evaluated 17α‐E2 in the 6‐OH‐dopamine (6‐OHDA) model of PD, where toxin uptake occurs via the DAT. In these studies, treatment with estrogen was delayed for 6 hr after unilateral intrastriatal 6‐OHDA injection to allow for toxin uptake. After 6 hr, a loading dose of 17α‐E2 (100 µg/kg in sesame oil) was injected s.c., accompanied by implanting of a sustained release silastic device. After 21 days, animals treated with 17α‐E2 showed significant improvements in both gait asymmetry and apo‐morphine induced rotational defects. These positive results encourage evaluation of 17α‐E2 in a host of neurodegenerative diseases. Drug Dev. Res. 66:160–171, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low‐loss athermal AWG module with high reliability
Authors: Hasegawa Junichi , Nara Kazutaka 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWhen building future optical communication networks, athermal and low loss properties continue to be essential demands for arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) which plays the role of a wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer. To respond to these demands, we developed a low‐loss, 200‐GHz 16‐channel athermal AWG module from low loss techniques and original athermal techniques. The module we developed achieved an insertion loss below 1.4 dB, a center wavelength fluctuation less than ±0.015 nm in all modules in a temperature range from −5°C to 70°C, and an insertion loss fluctuation less than ±0.1 dB. Furthermore, we confirmed that this module has very high reliability from the results of a long‐term reliability test lasting 5000 hours. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(3): 26–33, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20213
Parallel remeshing of unstructured volume grids for CFD applications
Authors: Tremel U. , Sørensen K. A. , Hitzel S. , Rieger H. , Hassan Oubay , Weatherill Nigel P. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach towards the parallel local remeshing of unstructured tetrahedral grids on distributed memory parallel computers based on the message passing paradigm (MPI). The overall remeshing approach consisting of the parallel determination of the regions to be remeshed and the parallel local surface and volume remeshing is described in detail. An application of the remeshing algorithms in a time‐accurate simulation of bodies in relative motion demonstrates the capabilities of the approach. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulator of G‐protein signaling (RGS) proteins differentially control chondrocyte differentiation
Authors: Appleton C. Thomas G. , James Claudine G. , Beier Frank 
Published: February 2006

AbstractControl of chondrocyte differentiation is attained, in part, through G‐protein signaling, but the functions of the RGS family of genes, well known to control G‐protein signaling at the Gα subunit, have not been studied extensively in chondrogenesis. Recently, we have identified the Rgs2 gene as a regulator of chondrocyte differentiation. Here we extend these studies to additional Rgs genes. We demonstrate that the Rgs4, Rgs5, Rgs7, and Rgs10 genes are differentially regulated during chondrogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. To investigate the roles of RGS proteins during cartilage development, we overexpressed RGS4, RGS5, RGS7, and RGS10 in the chondrogenic cell line ATDC5. We found unique and overlapping effects of individual Rgs genes on numerous parameters of chondrocyte differentiation. In particular, RGS5, RGS7, and RGS10 promote and RGS4 inhibits chondrogenic differentiation. The identification of Rgs genes as novel regulators of chondrogenesis will contribute to a better understanding of both normal cartilage development and the etiology of chondrodysplasias and osteoarthritis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamics of vitellogenin synthesis in juvenile giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Jayasankar Vidya , Jasmani Safiah , Tsutsui Naoaki , Aida Katsumi , Wilder Marcy N. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe dynamics of vitellogenin (Vg) mRNA expression and patterns of Vg and vitellin distribution in the hepatopancreas and ovary of juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii were examined using real‐time RT‐PCR and immunohistochemical methods. Eyestalk ablation was seen to induce rapid development of the gonads and Vg synthesis in females. In the female hepatopancreas, Vg mRNA expression was observed several days following ablation, after which levels increased gradually with increasing gonadosomatic index (GSI). Vitellin accumulation in the oocytes also increased with increasing Vg mRNA synthesis; expression was however negligible in the ovary. Hemolymph Vg levels in females ranged from 0.04 to 2.2 mg/ml. SDS PAGE/Western blotting analysis of hemolymph samples revealed that juvenile Vg was composed of 199 and 90 kDa subunits; the 102 kDa subunit present in adult female Vg (Okuno et al., 2002. J Exp Zool 292:417–429) could not be detected at any stage of vitellogenesis in juveniles. Vg was not detectable in non‐ablated juveniles. The results of this study confirmed that the mode of involvement of eyestalk factors in regulating vitellogenesis is intrinsic to both juveniles and adults, and that a basic pattern of Vg synthesis and processing is conserved. However, the fact that juveniles are not able to produce the same Vg levels observed in adult females, and do not reach high GSI levels culminating in spawning suggests that other factors and physiological conditions specific to adult females are necessary to demonstrate full reproductive ability. J. Exp. Zool. 305A, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stable transmission and expression of the hepatitis B virus total genome in hybrid transgenic mice until F10 generation
Authors: Bagis Haydar , Arat Sezen , Mercan Hande Odaman , Aktoprakligil Digdem , Caner Muge , Turanli Eda Tahir , Baysal Kemal , Turgut Gazi , Sekmen Sakir , Cirakoglu Beyazit 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe aim of the present study was the generation of transgenic mice carrying the complete Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) genome and investigation of the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) expression through successive generations. Transgenic mice were generated by microinjecting HBV genome into fertilized eggs. Integration and expression of HBsAg in transgenic mice were analyzed by genomic DNA PCR, Southern and slot blots and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expression was also confirmed by Western blotting and RT‐PCR. Histological changes in liver tissue of transgenic mice were examined by HE staining. The HBV genome was transmitted to the F10 generation and the presence of HBV X gene transcripts was confirmed by RT‐PCR analysis using liver cDNAs from the F10 generation mice. During an observation period of 2.5 years, mice were sacrificied and their organs subjected to histopathological examination. In the liver, slight histopathologic alterations were observed but none of these lineages had any hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV DNA can be stably transmitted and expressed in the transgenic mice until F10 generation. However, although we showed the presence of X gene transcripts in liver tissues of F10 generation mice by RT‐PCR in these animals, long‐term expression of the HBV complete genome and expression of X protein in hepatocytes did not cause neoplasia during the life span and HCC. These transgenic mice should be useful for detailed studies of the replication and expression of HBV and for physiological studies of HBV genome. J. Exp. Zool. 305A, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
15N NMR spectra of some ionic liquids based on 1,3‐disubstituted imidazolium cations
Authors: Lyčka Antonín , Doleček Roman , Šimûnek Petr , Macháček Vladimír 
Published: February 2006

Abstract15N NMR spectra of twelve neat ionic liquids derived from 1,3‐disubstituted imidazolium salts were measured, and effects of nitrogen atoms substitution, type of anions and influence of solvents used for dilution of neat ionic liquids were studied. Changes in charge distribution are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explicit empirical relation for the monthly average cell‐temperature performance ratio of photovoltaic arrays
Authors: Franghiadakis Y. , Tzanetakis P. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAn empirical relation is derived that allows accurate estimates of the influence of cell temperature variations on the output of a photovoltaic array. Monthly average cell‐temperature performance ratios, PRT , can be calculated from the latitude of the site and monthly average values of solar irradiance, air temperature and wind speed. The derivation of the empirical relation for PRT is based on intermediate empirical relations and approximations established by the analysis of a database from stations located at various latitudes and having diverse climatic characteristics. The accuracy of the relation is tested against PRT calculations from short‐interval data available in the database. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.