bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Trace Protein by Methylene Blue‐Tetraphenylborate Fluorescence Probe Using Polyethylene Glycol as Sensitizer
Authors: LIU Jiaming , LI Zhiming , HUANG Xiaomei , ZENG Liqing , CHEN Xiaohua , SONG Dongqin , ZHENG Zhenzhen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn ionic association complex of methylene blue‐tetraphenylborate ([MB]+·[B(C6H5)4]−) can emit a strong and stable fluorescence in KH2PO4‐Na2HPO4 buffer solution. In the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA), the fluorescence signal of [MB]+·[B(C6H5)4]− can be sharply quenched, which can be further quenched by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a sensitizer where the ΔF (ΔF=F0−F, F0 and F are the fluorescence intensities of the blank reagent and the test solution, respectively) of the system with PEG is 9.1 times higher than that without PEG, showing PEG has strong sensitizing effect on the quenching of a fluorescence signal. And there is a good linear correlation between ΔF and the content of BSA. Thus, a new fluorescence probe for the determination of trace protein has been established, with the linear range of 0.11–88.0 pg·L−1 and the detection limit of 22.0 ag·mL−1 BSA. This sensitive method has been applied to the determination of protein in human serum samples with satisfactory results. And the reaction mechanism was also discussed. Under the same condition, the new method can be used to determie not only BSA, human serum albumin (HAS), ovalbumin (OVA) and γ‐globulin (γ‐G), respectively, but also the total protein in serum, brain and spinal cord.
Iodine Supported on 3‐Aminopropyl Silica Gel as Efficient Catalyst for Acetylation of Alcohols under Solvent‐free Conditions
Authors: MAHDAVI Hossein , GHAEMY Mosa , ZERAATPISHEH Fatemeh 
Published: March 2009

Abstract3‐Aminopropyl silica gel (I2/APSG) was found to catalyze the acetylation of alcohols and phenols efficiently with acetic anhydride. The reaction is mild and selective with high yields. A wide variety of alcohols and phenols are selectively converted into the corresponding acetates using I2/APSG under solvent‐free conditions at room temperature.
Microwave‐Assisted Chemical Functionalization of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Organic Peroxides
Authors: WAN Li , WANG Xianbao , LI Shaoqing , LI Qin , TIAN Rong , LI Mingjian , CHENG Jing 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMicrowave‐assisted chemical functionalization of single‐walled carbon nanotubes, with undecyl groups decomposed from lauroyl peroxides was reported. This rapid efficient procedure reduced the reaction time to 10 min, and obtained the products with higher functionalized degree than that by the conventional refluxing method. The influence of different reaction time and microwave power on the functionalized degree has been explored by using FT‐IR, TGA and Raman analyses. The results show that longer treatment time will lead to partial defunctionalization, and higher microwave power (higher than 900 W) can reduce the functionalized degree by removing some initially‐attached functional groups. Dispersion stability images and HRTEM images show that the resulting SWNT has enhanced dispersivity in organic solvents compared to the pristine nanotubes.
Facile Method for the Synthesis of Combinatorial Libraries of Benzimidazole, Benzothiazole, Benzoxazole, Perimidine and Quinazolinone
Authors: HERAVI Majid. M. , BAGHERNEJAD Bita , OSKOOIE Hossein A 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA highly yielding and fast method for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with trialkyl orthoformate using molecular sieve 3? as a catalyst is described.
Transformation of Oximes and Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds Using Amberlite IRA‐400 Supported Chromic Acid in the Presence of Zirconium Tetrachloride
Authors: BAHRAMI Kiumars , KHODAEI Mohammad‐Mehdi , GORGIN‐KARAJI Usef 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA wide variety of oximes and alcohols were efficiently converted to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones in good to excellent yields using amberlite IRA‐400 supported chromic acid in the presence of zirconium tetrachloride in refluxing acetonitrile‐H2O. Selective oxidation of oximes and alcohols in the presence of other functional groups such as acetal, hydrazone, aldehyde, ether and alkene can be considered as a noteworthy advantage of this method. A wide variety of oximes and alcohols were efficiently converted to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones in good to excellent yields using amberlite IRA‐400 supported chromic acid in the presence of zirconium tetrachloride in refluxing acetonitrile‐H2O. Selective oxidation of oximes and alcohols in the presence of other functional groups such as acetal, hydrazone, aldehyde, ether and alkene can be considered as a noteworthy advantage of this method.
Aza‐Michael Addition of Isatin and Phthalimide to Symmetrical Fumaric Esters in Ionic Liquid Media
Authors: IMANZADEH Gholam Hassan , MOLLAEI TAVANA Mahdieh , ZAMANLOO Mohammad Reza , MANSOORI Yagoub 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHighly efficient aza‐Michael additions of isatin and phthalimide to symmetrical fumaric esters in ionic liquid media to produce the corresponding Michael adducts in excellent yields are described which were performed at 100 °C for 1–5 h. The results show that these aza‐Michael additions are not effective with fumaric esters containing sterically hindered alkoxy groups.
Synthesis and Preliminary Anti‐leukemia Activity of N‐(Substituted Benzyl)‐4‐hydroxy‐4‐substituted Piperidine Derivatives
Authors: FANG Zhikun , XUE Sijia , CHEN Long , XU Yang , YIN Anqin , LI Chunyan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn order to find some lead compounds with high inhibition against leukemia, twelve unreported compounds 6a–6l have been synthesized with substituted benzylamines as raw materials via a series of Michael addition, Dieckmann condensation, hydrolysis decarboxylation and reactions with Grignard reagent. Complete assignments have been achieved for the title compounds by 1H NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis. The preliminary anti‐tumor activity tests indicate that the title compounds have good effect on the cellular growth inhibition against K562 cells and have potential anti‐leukemia bioactivity.
Synthesis of Dinaphtho‐dioxaphosphepin‐4‐oxides, Epoxides and Bisphosphonates
Authors: KASTHURIAH Maddali , UMA RAVI SANKAR Arigala , SIVA KUMAR Bitragunta , SURESH REDDY Cirandur , NAGA RAJU Chamarthi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA few new seven‐membered phosphorus heterocyclic compounds and bis‐phosphonates (5a–5g, 5f′, 5g′, 9 and 10) were prepared by the reaction of 4‐bromo dioxaphosphepin (2) with various Grignard reagents followed by their oxidation with H2O2. All the compounds were thoroughly characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR and mass spectral data. Their antimicrobial activity was evaluated and some of them possess significant activity.
Cu(I)‐catalyzed Synthesis of Diaryl Ether Using a Simple Hydrazone as Promoter
Authors: LIU Yuhua , LI Gang , YANG Lianming 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA simple hydrazone‐type ligand, 2‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde phenylhydrazone 1, was found to significantly promote the Cu(I)‐catalyzed coupling reaction between aryl bromides and phenols. This cross‐coupling reaction occurred in dioxane in 90–100 °C in the presence of K3PO4 as base, with a broader substrate scope including electron‐poor, ‐neutral or ‐rich aryl bromides as well as a high tolerance of base‐sensitive functionalities such as ester, aldehyde and ketone.
Improved Preparation of Tyramine by Curtius Rearrangement
Authors: LI Yun , YANG Fan , XU Xiaoying , PAN Shiyin , WANG Lixin , XIA Chuanqin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn improved and facile preparation of tyramine [2‐(p‐hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine] was described, which starts from phenol and acrylonitrile to form β‐(p‐hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid via Friedel‐Craft's alkylation and nitrile hydrolysis. After hydrazinolysis and a subsequent Curtius rearrangement, tyramine was obtained in 30.2% total yield.
Eph/ephrin gradients in the retinotectal system of Rana pipiens: Developmental and adult expression patterns
Authors: Scalia Frank , Currie Julia R. , Feldheim David A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEph/ephrin‐receptor/ligand A and B families play a variety of roles during CNS development, including patterning the retinotectal projection. However, the alignment of their expression gradients with developing retinotectal maps and gradients of cellular development is not well understood in species whose midbrain tecta undergo a protracted anterior to posterior development. By using anatomical tracing methods and 3H‐thymidine neuronography, we have mapped the retinotectal projection and the spatiotemporal progression of tectal cellular development onto Eph/ephrin expression patterns in the tectum of larval Rana pipiens, as studied by means of in situ affinity analysis with fusion proteins. EphA expression is maximal in anterior tectum (and temporal retina); ephrin‐A expression is maximal at the posterior pole (and nasal retina). EphB expression is graded in the early larva, where it is maximal in the posterior tectum just anterior to the posterior pole (and in the ventral retina). Tectal EphB expression becomes uniform at later stages and remains so in the adult, although its retinal expression remains maximal ventrally. In the early larva, EphA, EphB, and ephrin‐A protein gradients are parallel to each other and align with the temporonasal axis of the retinal projection. The early EphB expression maximum overlaps the boundary between the mantle layer of newly postmitotic cells and the posterior, epithelial region of cell proliferation, suggesting that the expression maximum is associated with the initial migrations of the postmitotic cells. Ephrin‐B expression was detected in the olfactory bulb and dorsal retina at all ages, but not in the tectum. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:30–48, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐mediated neural connections in the Drosophila antennal lobe
Authors: Okada Ryuichi , Awasaki Takeshi , Ito Kei 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInhibitory synaptic connections mediated by γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) play important roles in the neural computation of the brain. To obtain a detailed overview of the neural connections mediated by GABA signals, we analyzed the distribution of the cells that produce and receive GABA in the Drosophila adult brain. Relatively small numbers of the cells, which form clusters in several areas of the brain, express the GABA synthesis enzyme Gad1. On the other hand, many cells scattered across the brain express ionotropic GABAA receptor subunits (Lcch3 and Rdl) and metabotropic GABAB receptor subtypes (GABA‐B‐R1, ‐2, and ‐3). To analyze the expression of these genes in distinct identified cell types, we focused on the antennal lobe, where GABAergic neurons play important roles in odor coding. By combining fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunolabeling against GFP expressed with cell‐type‐specific GAL4 driver strains, we quantified the percentage of the cells that produce or receive GABA for each cell type. GABA was synthesized in the middle antennocerebral tract (mACT) projection neurons and two types of local neurons. Among them, mACT neurons had few presynaptic sites in the antennal lobe, making the local neurons essentially the sole provider of GABA signals there. On the other hand, not only these local neurons but also all types of projection neurons expressed both ionotropic and metabotropic GABA receptors. Thus, even though inhibitory signals are released from only a few, specific types of local neurons, the signals are read by most of the neurons in the antennal lobe neural circuitry. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:74–91, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raldh3 gene expression pattern in the developing chicken inner ear
Authors: Sánchez‐Guardado Luis Óscar , Ferran José Luis , Mijares José , Puelles Luis , Rodríguez‐Gallardo Lucía , Hidalgo‐Sánchez Matías 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, is a diffusible molecule that regulates the expression of several families of genes, playing a key role in specification processes during chordate development. With the aim of defining its possible role in the developing chick inner ear, we obtained in this work a detailed spatiotemporal distribution of the enzymes involved in its synthesis, the retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALH1–4). Our results showed that, in contrast to the mouse inner ear, Raldh3 expression was the only Raldh gene detected in the developing chick inner ear, where it appears as early as stage 18. During inner ear morphogenesis, Raldh3 expression was predominantly observed in the endolymphatic system. The Raldh3 expression pattern delimited totally or partially the Bmp4‐positive presumptive territories of vestibular sensory epithelia by stage 24 and the basilar papilla at stage 34, suggesting a possible involvement of RA in their specification. In addition, several vestibular sensory areas showed some Raldh3‐expressing cells close to the Raldh3‐positive domain. These results suggest that the RA signaling pathway may play a role in the initial patterning of the otic epithelium and cell differentiation therein, providing local positional information. Having in mind this Raldh3 expression pattern, we discuss the regulatory interactions among the RA, bone morphogenetic protein, and fibroblast growth factor signaling pathways in the specification of otic sensory elements. Our investigation may underpin further experimental studies aimed at understanding the possible role of signaling pathways in patterning of the developing chick inner ear. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:49–65, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Number and distribution of neurons in the retinal ganglion cell layer in relation to foraging behaviors of tyrant flycatchers
Authors: Coimbra João Paulo , Trévia Nonata , Videira Marceliano Maria Luiza , da Silveira Andrade‐Da‐Costa Belmira Lara , Picanço‐Diniz Cristovam Wanderley , Yamada Elizabeth Sumi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe tyrant flycatchers represent a monophyletic radiation of predominantly insectivorous passerine birds that exhibit a plethora of stereotyped prey capture techniques. However, little is known about their retinal organization. Using retinal wholemounts, we estimated the total number and topography of neurons in the ganglion cell layer in the generalist yellow‐bellied elaenia (Elaenia flavogaster) and the up‐hover‐gleaner mouse‐colored tyrannulet (Phaeomyias murina) with the optical fractionator method. The mean estimated total number of neurons in the ganglion cell layer was 4,152,416 ± 189,310 in E. flavogaster and 2,965,132 ± 354,359 in P. murina. Topographic maps of isocounting lines revealed a similar distribution for both species: a central fovea and a temporal area surrounded by a poorly defined horizontal streak. In addition, both species had increased numbers of giant ganglion cells in the dorsotemporal retina forming an area giganto cellularis. In E. flavogaster, these giant ganglion cells were also distributed across the nasal and ventral retinal peripheries, which is in agreement with the generalist habits of this species. However, in P. murina these cells were rarely seen along the nasal and ventral peripheries, possibly reflecting a lesser need to perceive movement because this species captures stationary insects resting on foliage. Thus, we suggest that the retinas of the tyrant flycatchers in the present study show a general common pattern of neuron distribution in the ganglion cell layer irrespective of their foraging habits. We also suggest that the distribution of giant ganglion cells is indicative of the visual requirements of the species. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:66–73, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Painlevé II asymptotics near the leading edge of the oscillatory zone for the Korteweg—de Vries equation in the small‐dispersion limit
Authors: Claeys Tom , Grava Tamara 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn the small‐dispersion limit, solutions to the Korteweg—de Vries equation develop an interval of fast oscillations after a certain time. We obtain a universal asymptotic expansion for the Korteweg—de Vries solution near the leading edge of the oscillatory zone up to second‐order corrections. This expansion involves the Hastings‐McLeod solution of the Painlevé II equation. We prove our results using the Riemann‐Hilbert approach. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mucinous breast carcinoma with myoepithelial‐like spindle cells
Authors: Miyake Yasuyuki , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Norimatsu Yoshiaki , Kanahara Takuo , Monobe Yasumasa , Ohno Setsuyo , Miyamoto Tomoyuki , Yakushiji Hiromasa , Sakaguchi Takuya , Aratake Yatsuki , Ohno Eiji 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAppearance of spindle cells has been believed as a benign index of breast cytology. But, we have frequently observed the spindle cells in smears from mucinous carcinoma of the breast. Here, we characterized the biochemical nature of the spindle cells, so as to clarify their identity in cytology. Nineteen cases of breast mucinous carcinoma were used for cytological examination. The spindle cells were located at edges of tumor cell nests and in the backgrounds of cytological specimens. Immunohistological examination revealed that the spindle cells exhibited both immunoreactivity against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Immunoreactivity against vimentin, cytokeratin, or alpha‐smooth muscle actin was, however, not observed. The mode of distribution of biochemical markers suggests that the positive cells for anti‐CEA antibody and anti‐EMA antibody are tumor cells compressed by mucin, while the vimentin‐positive cells are fibroblasts. We assert that the presence of spindle cells can be a characteristic feature of mucinous carcinoma of the breast. Discrimination of the spindle cells in mucinous carcinoma from myoepithelial cells and naked bipolar nuclei in benign lesions was established here. It should facilitate precise diagnosis of breast cancer. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nipple preference and contests in suckling kittens of the domestic cat are unrelated to presumed nipple quality
Authors: Hudson Robyn , Raihani Gina , González Daniel , Bautista Amando , Distel Hans 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe studied the development of suckling behavior and weight gain in 11 litters (52 kittens) of free‐ranging domestic cats until postnatal day 28 just before the start of weaning. In six of these litters, we also recorded milk intake and contests for access to nipples. Already within 12 hr of birth kittens showed a preference for posterior nipples, and by postnatal day 3 each had developed a preference for particular nipples. In fact, 86% of kittens used one particular nipple most often, and even when the mother changed the side she lay on to nurse. Contests for access to nipples occurred throughout the study period at an average rate of one to two contests per kitten per hour of nursing. Contrary to suggestions in the literature that kittens compete for more productive nipples, we found no relation between kittens' use of particular nipples and their weight gain, milk intake, or involvement in contests during suckling. We suggest that kittens' preference for posterior nipples as well as their establishment of an individual “teat order” might function to optimize the number of nipples remaining productive across lactation, and to reduce energetically costly scrambles and potentially injurious contests among littermates. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev. Psychobiol 51: 322–332, 2009.
Psychometric properties of the clinical impairment assessment: Norms for young adult women
Authors: Reas Deborah L. , Rø Øyvind , Kapstad Hilde , Lask Bryan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to investigate the initial psychometric properties and to establish norms for the Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA v. 3.0) among a nonclinical sample of young adult women.Method:The CIA is a brief, 16‐item self‐report measure designed to assess psychosocial impairment due to eating disorder features over the past 28 days. We administered the CIA and the Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q v. 6.0) to 438 university women (mean age = 25 years).Results:Participants' mean global CIA score was 6.4 (SD = 7.5; range 0–40). Acceptable levels of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.94) and 1‐week test‐retest reliability were observed. Significant correlations were found between the CIA and the EDE‐Q total and subscale scores (Spearman rhos = 0.58–0.79), indicating that greater levels of impairment were associated with higher levels of eating disorder psychopathology.Discussion:Results demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties of the CIA among a sample of young adult women, suggesting the utility of the CIA to measure impairment due to eating disorder features in nonclinical samples. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Citicoline affects appetite and cortico‐limbic responses to images of high‐calorie foods
Authors: Killgore William D.S. , Ross Amy J. , Kamiya Toshikazu , Kawada Yoko , Renshaw Perry F. , Yurgelun‐Todd Deborah A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjective:Cytidine‐5′‐diphosphocholine (citicoline) has a variety of cognitive enhancing, neuroprotective, and neuroregenerative properties. In cocaine‐addicted individuals, citicoline has been shown to increase brain dopamine levels and reduce cravings. The effects of this compound on appetite, food cravings, and brain responses to food are unknown.Method:We compared the effects of treatment with Cognizin® citicoline (500 mg/day versus 2,000 mg/day) for 6 weeks on changes in appetite ratings, weight, and cortico‐limbic responses to images of high‐calorie foods using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Results:After 6 weeks, there was no significant change in weight status, although significant declines in appetite ratings were observed for the 2,000 mg/day group. The higher dose group also showed significant increases in functional brain responses to food stimuli within the amygdala, insula, and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Increased activation in these regions correlated with declines in appetite ratings.Discussion:These preliminary findings suggest a potential usefulness of citicoline in modulating appetite, but further research is warranted. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Body dissatisfaction and attentional bias to thin bodies
Authors: Glauert Rebecca , Rhodes Gillian , Fink Bernhard , Grammer Karl 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjective:Evidence for attentional biases to weight‐ and shape‐related information in women with eating concerns is inconclusive.Method:We investigated whether body dissatisfaction is associated with an attentional bias toward thin bodies using a modified dot probe task.Results:In three studies, we found that undergraduate females were faster to discriminate the direction of an arrow cue when it appeared in the location previously occupied by a thin than a fat body. This attentional bias toward thin bodies was found using extreme stimuli (thin and fat bodies) presented for 500 ms (Experiment 1), extreme stimuli presented for 150 ms (Experiment 2), and less extreme stimuli that were equated for perceived extremity, presented for 150 ms (Experiment 3). When the stimuli were equated on perceptual extremity, the more dissatisfied a woman was with her body, and the larger her own BMI, the less of an attentional bias she showed toward thin bodies.Discussion:Our results indicate that women have an attentional bias to thin bodies, which appears to be automatic. Contrary to prediction, this bias was weaker in women with greater BMI and body dissatisfaction. This result offers no support for the view that selective attention to thin bodies is causally related to body dissatisfaction. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010