bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Risk Factors for Postoperative Visual Loss after Cardiac Surgical Procedures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gupta Bhavna , Singla Deepak , Gupta Anish , Mahaseth Ranjay 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Postoperative visual loss (POVL) is an infrequent yet consequential complication that can follow cardiac surgical interventions. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the incidence of POVL after cardiac surgery and to delineate the associated risk factors. A comprehensive search was conducted in major medical databases for relevant studies published up to September 2022. Eligible studies reporting on the incidence of POVL and identifying risk factors in patients undergoing cardiac surgery were included. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. The pooled incidence rates and the identified risk factors were synthesized qualitatively. POVL after cardiac surgery has an overall incidence of 0.015%, that is, 15 cases per 100,000 cardiac surgical procedures. Risk factors for POVL include patient characteristics (advanced age, diabetes, hypertension, and preexisting ocular conditions), procedural factors (prolonged surgery duration, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and aortic cross-clamping), anesthetic considerations (hypotension, blood pressure fluctuations, and specific techniques), and postoperative complications (stroke, hypotension, and systemic hypoperfusion). Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) is an uncommon complication, associated with factors like prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass, low hematocrit levels, excessive body weight gain, specific medications, hypothermia, anemia, raised intraocular pressure, and micro-embolization. Diabetic patients with severe postoperative anemia are at increased risk for anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) can occur with factors like hypertension, postoperative edema, prolonged mechanical ventilation, micro-embolization, inflammation, hemodilution, and hypothermia.
While the overall incidence of POVL postcardiac surgery remains modest, its potential impact is substantial, necessitating meticulous consideration of modifiable risk factors. Notably, prolonged surgical duration, intraoperative hypotension, anemia, and reduced hematocrit levels remain salient contributors. Vigilance is indispensable to promptly detect this infrequent yet visually debilitating phenomenon in the context of postcardiac surgical care.
Anesthetic Considerations in Combined TAVR and Aortic Endovascular Procedures, a Case Report
Authors: Zaccarelli Mario , Testa Tarek S. , Buscaglia Giuseppe , Pratesi Giovanni , Crimi Gabriele , Balbi Manrico , Gregorio Sara Di , Silvetti Simona 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
We report a case of simultaneous transcatheter aortic valve replacement and endovascular aneurysm repair. Our aim was to advocate the role of local and regional anesthesia as a key contributor in maintaining hemodynamic stability and avoiding abrupt blood pressure change. Endovascular combined procedures are gaining popularity for their numerous advantages. Nevertheless, they carry significant risks for their hemodynamic implications. It is imperative to acknowledge the modifications occurring after each correction and act accordingly. Different anesthesia approaches can dramatically influence hemodynamics; among all, we found local and regional anesthesia would better serve this objective.
Revisiting Friedreich’s Ataxia: Phenotypic and Imaging Characteristics
Authors: Mahale Rohan , Purushottam Meera , Singh Raviprakash , Yelamanchi Ramachandra , Kamble Nitish , Holla Vikram , Pal Pramod K. , Jain Sanjeev , Yadav Ravi 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim:
Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is a common cause of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia. The phenotype is dependent on the repeat size and duration of the disease. We aimed to study the clinical, electrophysiologic, and radiologic profiles in a large Indian cohort of genetically proven FRDA patients.

Subjects and Methods:
A retrospective cross-sectional, descriptive analysis of genetically proven FRDA patients was performed. A detailed review of all the hospital case records was done to analyze the clinical, radiologic, and electrophysiologic details.

Results:
A total of 100 FRDA patients were selected for the analysis. Eighty-six patients had an age at onset between 5 and 25 years. Eight patients (8%) were classified as late-onset FRDA and six patients (6%) as early-onset FRDA. The median age at presentation was 19 years. The median age at onset was 14 years, and the median duration of illness was 4 years. All patients had gait ataxia as the initial symptom. Gait ataxia, loss of proprioception, and areflexia were seen in all patients. Dysarthria, nystagmus, amyotrophy, spasticity, extensor plantars, pes cavus, and scoliosis occurred in one-third of patients. Cardiomyopathy (18%) and diabetes (5%) were less common. Sensory polyneuropathy (87.5%) was the most common nerve conduction abnormality. Cortical somatosensory evoked responses were absent in all 43 tested patients (100%). Brainstem auditory evoked response test was done in 24 patients and it showed absent reactions in six patients (25%). Visual evoked potential was tested in 24 patients and it showed absent P100 responses in five patients (21%). Cerebellar and cord atrophy was seen on magnetic resonance imaging in 50% of patients.

Conclusion:
Most FRDA patients (86%) had an age at onset of less than 25 years, with typical symptoms of gait ataxia, areflexia, and loss of proprioception found in all patients. Dysarthria, nystagmus, amyotrophy, spasticity, extensor plantars, pes cavus, scoliosis, cardiomyopathy, and diabetes were not seen in all patients. Cerebellar atrophy can occur in FRDA patients. Knowledge regarding the clinical, radiologic, and electrophysiologic profile of FRDA will aid in proper phenotypic characterization.
Endovascular Treatment for Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: Comparison among Different Endovascular Procedures
Authors: Rangarajan Anush S , Ramachandran Dileep , Mishra Tanaya , Gunaseelan Vikneshwaran , Dash Gopal K. , Philip Vivek J. , Manohar Radhika , Shetty Kuldeep , Thomas Pavin , Huded Vikram 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare, treatable cause of stroke. Even though CVST has an established medical treatment, 15% of patients remain refractory to treatment. These patients may be candidates for endovascular treatment (EVT), yet the selection of patients remains a challenge. The study aims to understand the profile and outcome of patients treated with EVT and the type of procedure associated with good outcomes.

Methods:
This is a single-center, retrospective analysis of CVST patients who underwent EVT from 2009 till 2022. Patients who received only medical management were excluded. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤2 at 3 months was taken as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes assessed were hospital stay, death, recurrence, mRS ≤ 2 at discharge, and angiographic recanalization.

Results:
Fifty-two patients were included. Twenty-eight (53.8%) were males; the mean age was 33.3 ± 12.3 years. Headache (n = 44, 84.6%) predominated among the symptoms. The common risk factors were anemia (n = 13, 25.5%) and hyperhomocysteinemia (n = 13, 25.5%). Worsening of sensorium (n = 21, 40.3%) and non-improvement of symptoms (n = 15, 28.8%) were the common indications for the procedure. Twenty-five (48.1%) people underwent in situ thrombolysis (IST). Death occurred in eight (15.3%) patients. Thirty-six (73.5%; 36/49) patients had a good outcome at 3 months. IST had a significantly better outcome (mRS ≤ 2, n = 20, 80%) compared to other procedures (P = 0.04). Hospital stay was lesser in the IST subgroup, but without statistical significance. Midline shift >5 mm (odds ratio [OR] 6.8 [1.5–30.9], P = 0.01) and Glasgow Coma Scale <9 before the procedure (OR 27.2 [3.1–236.4], P = 0.002) predicted bad outcomes at 3 months. Female gender (OR 4.5 [1.07–8.8], P = 0.03), presence of altered sensorium (OR 10.2 [1.2–87.5], P = 0.01), encephalopathic syndrome (P = 0.02), presence of parenchymal bleed (OR 3.7 [0.9–4.5], P = 0.04), and midline shift (OR 4.8 [1.1–20.2], P = 0.03) were associated with poor outcome at discharge.

Conclusion:
EVT yielded good outcomes in carefully selected, medically refractory patients of CVST. IST performed well compared to other procedures.
Effect of bonding pericervical dentin with reinforcing materials on strength of root-filled mandibular single-canal premolars: An in vitro study
Authors: Sharma Manisha , Mathew Tony , Kaur Gurmeen 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The present study examined the effect of bonding the pericervical dentin using resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC), nanohybrid composite (Endure Nano), and Biodentine on the fracture resistance of root-filled mandibular premolars.

Methods:
Twenty-four human single-rooted mandibular premolars were decoronated, cleaned, and shaped with ProTaper Universal till size F3. The roots were obturated with gutta-percha using a single-cone technique. The teeth were randomly grouped into four groups of n = 6 each. After removing the 3 mm coronal gutta-percha in Groups I, II, and III, the intra-orifice barriers of RMGIC, nanohybrid composite (Endure Nano), and Biodentine were placed, respectively. Group IV served as the control. The fracture resistance of the specimens was analyzed using the universal testing machine. The derived data were statistically evaluated using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference test.

Results:
A significantly high fracture strength was exhibited by specimens of Group I, followed by Groups II and III, respectively. The lowest fracture strength was shown by the control group.

Conclusion:
Within the limitation of the present study, the fracture resistance of an endodontically treated tooth was significantly influenced by the type of intra-orifice barrier.
Perioperative adverse cardiac events in maxillofacial surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chohan Mehak , Liu Winnie , Chowdhury Tumul 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims:
Maxillofacial surgeries, including procedures to the face, oral cavity, jaw, and head and neck, are common in adults. However, they impose a risk of adverse cardiac events (ACEs). While ACEs are well understood for other non-cardiac surgeries, there is a paucity of data about maxillofacial surgeries. This systematic review and meta-analysis report the incidence and presentation of perioperative ACEs during maxillofacial surgery.

Methods:
We included primary studies that reported on perioperative ACEs in adults. To standardise reporting, ACEs were categorised as 1. heart rate and rhythm disturbances, 2. blood pressure disturbances, 3. ischaemic heart disease and 4. heart failure and other complications. The primary outcome was ACE presentation and incidence during the perioperative period. Secondary outcomes included the surgical outcome according to the Clavien–Dindo classification and trigeminocardiac reflex involvement. STATA version 17.0 and MetaProp were used to delineate proportion as effect size with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:
Twelve studies (34,227 patients) were included. The incidence of perioperative ACEs was 2.58% (95% CI 1.70, 3.45, I
2 = 96.17%, P = 0.001). Heart rate and rhythm disturbances resulted in the greatest incidence at 3.84% among the four categories. Most commonly, these ACEs resulted in intensive care unit admission (i.e. Clavien–Dindo score of 4).

Conclusion:
Despite an incidence of 2.58%, ACEs can disproportionately impact surgical outcomes. Future research should include large-scale prospective studies that may provide a better understanding of the contributory factors and long-term effects of ACEs in patients during maxillofacial surgery.
Comparison of genicular nerve block with adductor canal block for postoperative pain management in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee ligament reconstruction: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sujatha Sandeep S. N. , Gupta Kapil , Guria Sushil , Chhabra Priyanka H. 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims:
Genicular nerve block (GNB) is beneficial in early ambulation and faster patient discharge since it selectively blocks articular branches and is motor-sparing. This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided GNB with adductor canal block (ACB) in patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods:
This randomised, double-blind study was conducted on 38 adults undergoing arthroscopic ACLR. Patients in Group GNB (n = 19) received US-guided GNB with 3 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and 2 mg dexamethasone. Patients in Group ACB (n = 19) received US-guided ACB with 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine with 6 mg dexamethasone. Postoperative rescue analgesia was provided by intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) with morphine. The primary outcome was Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain scores over 24 h. The secondary outcome was the duration of analgesia and 24-h morphine consumption. The Chi-square test was used to test the statistical significance between categorical variables. Independent t-test or Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables.

Results:
NRS scores at rest and physical activity at 24 h were similar in both the groups (P = 0.429 and P = 0.101, respectively). The mean time to rescue analgesia was comparable in both groups (Group GNB: 820.79 [483.65] min [95% confidence interval {CI}: 603.31–1038.27] and Group ACB: 858.95 [460.06] min [95% CI: 652.08, 1065.82], P = 0.805), and the mean 24-h morphine consumption was also comparable in both groups (P = 1.000).

Conclusion:
US-guided GNB has an analgesic efficacy similar to US-guided ACB for patients undergoing arthroscopic ACLR.
Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma: A case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Bala Mujtaba , Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi , Taiwo Abdurrazaq Olanrewaju , Aliyu Salihu , Alani Yekini Lateef 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (OF) is a rare histological variant of OF with aggressive behavior. It is a benign fibro-osseous lesion with a high rate of recurrence. It occurs mainly in male children with paranasal sinuses and orbits the most common sites. The diagnosis depends on clinical, radiologic, and pathologic correlation. This study aims to present a case report of juvenile psammomatoid OF (JPOF) in a 9-year-old boy and to also review the relevant literature. A case of a 9-year-old boy who presented with a 1-year history of the left maxillary swelling was presented. There was no associated history of pain, ulceration, bleeding, or teeth mobility. There was no history of previous trauma to the site or teeth extraction. The patient had no difficulty in chewing, speaking, nasal blockage, or discharge. Examination revealed an ovoid left maxillary buccal mass measuring about 4 cm × 3 cm, which was hard, nontender with no teeth mobility. The diagnosis of JPOF made was confirmed through a combination of clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings. The patient had enucleation of the lesion under general anesthesia. Follow-up was satisfactory with no recurrence. JPOF is a rare histological variant of OF that is known to exhibit a high rate of recurrence. Although clinical and radiological features contribute to its diagnosis, histopathological examination has been the main diagnostic modality. Early detection and treatment are essential.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Transforming Public Health Dentistry: A narrative review
Authors: Sulthana DS Gazala , Sapna B , Yavagal Puja C 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has the ability to process huge datasets, disclose human essence computationally, and perform tasks like humans as technology advances. Because of the necessity for precise diagnosis and improved patient care, AI technology has greatly influenced the health-care industry and dental public health. This narrative review summarizes the important applications of AI in the specialty of dentistry and public health dentistry. A literature review through various databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cinahl, Google Scholar, Embase, Science Direct, and Directory of Open Access Journals was done. Results of the review highlight the scope of AI from the patient observation, examination, and collection of patient information to the interpretation of the information obtained from the patient on the basis of the clinician’s knowledge and experience, formulation of a diagnosis and treatment plan for various clinical conditions, telemedicine and remote patient monitoring, Dental Therapeutics, Care navigation for self-triage of patients, Maintaining Electronic health records and also in Evidence synthesis for policy, clinical decision making and public health literacy. However, its flaws include system complexity, Costly setup, need for adequate training, and data snooping bias. Still, there exists a scope for AI to come a long way in the domains of public health dentistry nevertheless, the human element must never be dismissed.
The association of geographic tongue and epilepsy
Authors: Sadrabad Maryam Jalili , Yazdandoost Mehran , Maleki Sahar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
Geographic tongue (GT) is enclosed circular plaques with margins of yellowish-white lines. It usually occurs in the anterior two-thirds of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the tongue. The purpose of this research is to investigate the prevalence of GT and some related factors in Semnan Dental Faculty in 2022.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the files of 1000 patients were examined in terms of frequency of GT and suspected related factors such as age, sex, smoking, diabetes, epilepsy and seizures, gastrointestinal problems, thyroid problems, blood pressure, liver disease, anemia, cardiovascular disease, and coagulation diseases.

Results:
63.6% of patients were women, and 36.4% were men (age range of 15–78 years). 27.7% had at least one systemic disease. 80 (8%) patients had GT, which had a 4.8 times chance of occurrence in patients with epilepsy and seizures with a significant relationship. However, there was no significant relationship between gastrointestinal problems, thyroid problems, blood pressure, diabetes, liver disease, anemia, cardiovascular disease, and coagulation diseases.

Conclusion:
The relationship between GT and epilepsy and seizures shows the need for periodic examinations of the mouth and especially the tongue by dentists to help in the timely diagnosis of systemic diseases.
Management of pediatric sensory neural hearing loss: a case report
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Paudel Pratima , Fiaz Shamsa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Early childhood is the age of learning and experiencing various things through hearing or seeing. Any abnormality in hearing in this age group makes the child dull and self-isolating, affecting his morale. This is a case of an 8-year-old boy with deficient hearing from both ears, which was left unnoticed until the age of 5 years. There is no similar family history. The antenatal and neonatal history was found to be normal, but the child used to get fever and upper respiratory tract infection very frequently. The patient was taken for an otorhinology consultation after being noticed nonresponsive to moderately loud sounds and calls from behind. Otologic investigations—brain-evoked response audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions—revealed bilateral mild-to-moderate hearing loss. Ayurveda treatment was given with 8 months of follow-up, and investigations were recorded. The aim of this report was to analyze a case of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in a pediatric age group and its management through Ayurveda. The site of this study was the National Institute of Ayurveda Hospital, Jaipur, and this is a single-case report. All the relevant history was taken, followed by the investigations required for the case. Since the patient was a minor, consent was obtained from his father for the publication of this case report. For the conceptual part, various textbooks and research papers on Ayurveda and allopathy available online and offline were referred to. The patient was advised to go for speech therapy along with the Ayurvedic treatment Karnapoorana and other oral formulations. After 8 months of follow-up, this patient was found to be more responsive with improved hearing and general immunity.
Nutritional and health benefits of millets: a review article
Authors: Gahalawat Preeti , Lamba Neha , Chaudhary Piyush 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This review article systematically examines the nutritional composition, health benefits, and economic significance of millets. A comprehensive search of academic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, was conducted to collect relevant literature from scientific journals, books, and reports. Millets are small-seeded grasses cultivated globally as cereal crops, and they are recognized for their resilience and adaptability to various climates, particularly in regions with low or erratic rainfall. India stands out as the world’s largest millet producer. This review focuses on the nutritional value of millets, which are high in dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and proteins. Additionally, millets are suitable for individuals with celiac disease or gluten intolerance due to their gluten-free nature. Moreover, millets offer several health benefits, such as preventing diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, and some types of cancer. The cultivation of millets requires relatively low inputs compared to other cereals, as they demand less water and exhibit resilience to diseases and pests. The growing season for millets is very brief. Despite their nutritional and agronomic advantages, millets have received less attention than wheat, rice, and maize. However, there is a growing interest in millets due to its potential to support sustainable agriculture, nutrition, and food security. Observations from the review underscore the importance of millets as a wholesome and sustainable food source with significant health benefits. However, further research is necessary to fully explore their potential and promote their cultivation and consumption on a larger scale.