bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Approach to IOL Selection in Eyes With Combined Cataract and Keratoconus With an Option for Refractive Lens Exchange
Authors: Goebel Gunnar J. , Price David A. , Price Marianne O. , Price Francis W. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate spherical intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for cataracts in keratoconic eyes followed by optional refractive toric lens exchange to improve uncorrected visual acuity.

Methods:
This retrospective study evaluated cataract surgery outcomes in keratoconic eyes. Eyes treated with a spherical IOL targeted for -2.00 diopters (D) either achieved acceptable manifest refraction and desired exchange with a toric IOL (Group 1); achieved satisfactory manifest refraction and chose to use spectacles or contact lenses (Group 2); or did not achieve acceptable refraction and used contact lenses (Group 3). Group 4 had single-stage toric IOL implantation with plano target. Corrected and uncorrected distance visual acuity (CDVA and UDVA) and keratometry were analyzed.

Results:

Groups 1 to 4 had 18, 23, 18, and 26 eyes, respectively. A staged toric exchange resulted in significantly better (
P
= .02) UDVA (mean: 0.15 logMAR; 20/25 Snellen) than initial toric IOL implantation (0.24 logMAR; 20/30 Snellen). All toric IOL exchange eyes achieved 20/30 or better CDVA and 94% had 20/40 or better UDVA. Mean manifest cylinder significantly decreased from 3.39 D before lens exchange to 1.10 D postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Initial implantation of a spherical IOL in keratoconic eyes allows basing toric calculations on the manifest refraction, which may be more reliable than keratometry measurements in keratoconic eyes. UDVA after staged toric IOL exchange was significantly better than after initial toric IOL implantation. Importantly, by staging use of toric lenses, the authors avoided cases where patients required a rigid contact lens after a toric IOL was implanted.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(4):e207–e217.]
Effects of Topical 0.05% Cyclosporine A on Dry Eye Symptoms and Parameters Following Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Zhu Xiaofeng , Li Shanshan , Wang Min , Yao Wenbo , Huang Xinhui , Zhao Liquan 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the effects of topical 0.05% cyclosporine A on Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score and ocular surface parameters after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for myopia.

Methods:
In this study, 151 patients who underwent SMILE were randomized into the control group (71 eyes) and the 0.05% cyclosporine A group (80 eyes). Both groups received standard treatment during the 1 month after SMILE. Over the next 3 months, The control group continued standard therapy (0.3% sodium hyaluronate) and the 0.05% cyclosporine A group received additional 0.05% cyclosporine A. OSDI total and subscale scores, non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), tear lipid layer thickness (LLT), and tear meniscus height (TMH) were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results:

Compared to baseline, the OSDI scores significantly increased in both groups (
P
< .001). The 0.05% cyclosporine A group exhibited lower OSDI total scores after administering 0.05% cyclosporine A versus the control group (
P
= .026). At 1 month of follow-up, NIBUT, LLT, and TMH values significantly decreased in both groups compared to baseline (
P
< .05). The 0.05% cyclosporine A group exhibited higher NIBUT, LLT, and TMH versus the control group, returning to preoperative values after 2 months. Overall, the OSDI total score and NIBUT values during follow-up were not significantly different between the two groups; however, the LLT and TMH values were significantly different between the two groups (
P
< .001 and .041, respectively) by repeated measures analysis of variance.

Conclusions:
Topical 0.05% cyclosporine A was effective in relieving subjective dry eye symptoms and maintaining ocular surface stability in the early postoperative period of SMILE.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(4):e229–e238.]
Noma Masquerading as Squamous Cell Carcinoma - A Case Report in an AIDS Patient
Authors: Kumar R. Mahesh , Marimallappa T. R. , Sreelakshmi M. S. , Kumar K. R. Ashok , Kumar B. Jambukeshwar , Supriyo Pal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Rationale:
Cancrum oris, also known as noma, is a rare and rapidly progressing gangrenous infection affecting the oral cavity, commonly seen in malnourished children. We discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic dilemma and management in a 54-year-old male human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient with oral ulceration clinically resembling squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Patient Concerns:
The patient had severe oral ulceration with pain and difficulty eating food.

Diagnosis:
Histopathological examination was misleading as it revealed features akin to early invasion of SCC. Immunohistochemistry findings were not in favour of SCC.

Treatment:
Antiretroviral therapy was started owing to the decreased CD4 cell count.

Outcomes:
Lesions began to show signs of healing on follow-up.

Take-Away Lessons:
This case aims to highlight the unique challenges of diagnosing and emphasises the importance of considering opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients presenting with oral ulcerations to prevent misdiagnosis and maltreatment.
Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia Sand Fly Populations in Bhutan
Authors: Wangdi Tenzin , Senanayake Sanath , Dorjee Sithar , Tobgay Tashi , Zhou Guofa , Piyasiri Sachee B. , Weerasinghe W. M. Lakshika I. , Karunaweera Nadira 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT.
Leishmaniasis is considered one of the neglected tropical diseases in the world. Although Bhutan is a member of the visceral leishmaniasis elimination consortium in South Asia, not much attention has been accorded to the disease because of its low incidence. The vector that transmits Leishmania remains poorly understood. In this backdrop, sand-fly surveys were regularly conducted at multiple sites where leishmaniasis cases have been reported in Bhutan. Collections were made using CDC light traps and cattle-baited net traps in 15 villages from February 2019 to May 2022. Six species of Phlebotomus and four species of Sergentomyia were identified from these sites that included two Phlebotomus and three Sergentomyia species discovered for the first time in Bhutan. Sand-fly density varied significantly from village to village, and it showed strong seasonality with peak numbers collected from June to October and almost zero from December to February. Overall, sand-fly density was highest in the basements of the houses and were higher outdoors than indoors. Cattle-baited net traps collected few sand flies during the surveillance period. This work constituted the first systematic sand-fly population surveillance conducted in Bhutan and will provide a baseline for future vector ecology and Leishmania epidemiological studies.
UTILIZAÇÃO DO BUTILBROMETO DE HIOSCINA DURANTE O PRIMEIRO ESTÁGIO DO TRABALHO DE PARTO
Authors: Hassunuma Renato Massaharu , Cantão Ana Laura dos Santos , Silva Fábio Aparecido da , Lourenção Monica da Silva , Garcia Patrícia Carvalho , Messias Sandra Heloisa Nunes 
Published: April 2024

Introdução: O butilbrometo de hioscina (BBH) ou butilbrometo de escopolamina é um medicamento anticolinérgico e espasmódico, indicado para o tratamento da dor abdominal associada à cólicas induzidas por espasmos gastrintestinais. Estudos indicam que o BBH atue realizando uma inibição colinérgica de gânglios parassimpáticos da região abdominal e pélvica, aliviando os espasmos na musculatura lisa, atuando no plexo cérvico-uterino o que pode auxiliar na dilatação cervical no momento do parto. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão integrativa de ensaios clínicos que analisaram os efeitos do BBH durante o primeiro estágio do trabalho de parto. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma busca avançada de artigos científicos na base de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System On-line (MEDLINE), utilizando os descritores “Brometo de butilescopolamônio” (Butylscopolammonium bromide), “Trabalho de parto” (Labor), “Primeira fase do trabalho de parto” (First labour stage) e “Dilatação cervical” (Cervical dilatation). Os artigos foram identificados, triados, elegidos e inclusos para elaboração da revisão integrativa. Resultados: A revisão integrativa foi composta por 11 ensaios clínicos publicados em artigos científicos que apresentaram resultados de duração de tempo total e do primeiro estágio do trabalho de parto e de taxa de dilatação cervical uterina. Conclusões: As pesquisas analisadas na atual revisão integrativa sugerem que 20 mg de BBH em uma paciente com dilatação cervical de aproximadamente 3 a 5 cm no, pode reduzir a duração do primeiro estágio do trabalho de parto, por meio de um aumento na taxa de dilatação cervical uterina.
Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Najafi Amin , Ashoori Negin , Hosseini Katayoon , Abbasi Vahid 
Published: April 2024

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that damages myelinated fibers within the central nervous system. Data obtained using optical coherence tomography (OCT) have recently been identified as a potential biomarker for this disease. We aimed to measure circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT) using OCT and to compare the results in healthy participants with those of individuals having clinically definitive MS with and without a history of optic neuritis.
Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited patients with clinically confirmed MS, with and without optic neuritis, and healthy individuals as a control group. We documented demographic characteristics, duration of MS, and time elapsed since the episode of optic neuritis. All participants underwent a thorough ocular examination and measurement of total, superior, and inferior cpRNFLT using swept-source OCT.
Results: In participants with MS, women outnumbered men in the subsets with (90%) and without (64%) optic neuritis. The control group comprised approximately similar numbers of men and women. There was a statistically significant difference in total, superior, and inferior cpRNFLT between study groups (all P < 0.001). Pairwise comparisons revealed significantly thinner total, superior, and inferior cpRNFLTs in patients having MS with and without (all P < 0.001) optic neuritis when compared with the controls. We found significantly higher total, superior, and inferior cpRNFLTs in women than in men (all P < 0.05). However, we found no significant correlation between total, superior, or inferior cpRNFLT and patient age, duration of MS, or time elapsed since the optic neuritis episode (all P > 0.05), except for a significant moderate inverse correlation between patient age and total cpRNFLT (r = - 0.41; P < 0.05), indicating a loss of total cpRNFLT with age.
Conclusions: Patients with clinically confirmed MS, with or without optic neuritis, had a significantly decreased cpRNFLT compared to that of healthy individuals. There was a significant inverse correlation between age and total cpRNFLT and a difference in cpRNFLT between the sexes, indicating that age and sex may influence the measurement of cpRNFLT using OCT in patients with MS. As a screening tool, OCT should be used along with other existing diagnostic modalities for patients with definite or suspected MS. Further longitudinal studies including various classifications of MS with or without isolated episodes of optic neuritis, along with diagnostic accuracy studies, could provide more robust conclusions on the suitability of OCT as a biomarker of MS.
Renal Denervation for Uncontrolled Hypertension
Authors: CADTH  
Published: April 2024

What Is the Issue?

It is estimated that 23% of adults in Canada have hypertension. About 1/3 of this population have uncontrolled hypertension, a condition in which (BP) blood pressure levels continue to remain high despite treatment. People with high BP despite being prescribed 3 or more blood pressure-lowering (antihypertensive) medicines are considered to have uncontrolled resistant hypertension.
Renal denervation is a therapy that involves disrupting activity in the sympathetic nerves in the renal artery using a minimally invasive catheter-based procedure to treat high BP.
We wanted to know if renal denervation would effectively and safely reduce BP in people with uncontrolled hypertension.

What Did We Do?

We identified and summarized the literature comparing the clinical effectiveness and safety of renal denervation in individuals with uncontrolled hypertension to help guide decisions on the use of this intervention.
An information specialist searched for peer-reviewed and grey literature sources published between January 1, 2019, and February 5, 2024. The search was limited to English-language documents. One reviewer screened articles for inclusion based on predefined criteria, critically appraised the included studies, and narratively summarized the findings.

What Did We Find?

The evidence for this report was based on 2 systematic reviews and 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Renal denervation could lead to a reduction in BP compared to sham in adults with uncontrolled nonresistant hypertension.
It is uncertain if renal denervation is an effective treatment for resistant hypertension and suspected hypertensive heart disease due to the methodological limitations of the included studies.
Serious side effects of renal denervation were rare.

What Does This Mean?

Our findings agree with evidence-based guidelines and real-world evidence that suggest renal denervation can be considered a treatment option for patients with uncontrolled nonresistant hypertension. Other factors, including costs and resources, equity, acceptability, and patient selection, should be considered when implementing renal denervation in Canada, where it remains an emerging medical technology.
Future research should assess important patient outcomes, such as quality of life.
Фитотоксичность городских почв Иркутска и Ангарска
Authors: Лопатина Дарья Николаевна 
Published: April 2024

В 2022–2023 гг. исследованы некоторые свойства городских почв Иркутска и Ангарска. Для этого проведены полевые исследования на данных территориях. Выполнено морфологическое описание полевых почвенных профилей. Отобраны образцы почв, пород и растительности для выполнения физико-химических анализов и определения свойств почв на исследуемых территориях. Проведена пробоподготовка почв по различным методикам, проведен анализ фитотоксичности почв, согласно ГОСТ Р ИСО 22030-2009 «Качество почвы. Биологические методы. Хроническая фитотоксичность в отношении высших растений». Выполнена обработка полученных результатов: выявлен процент проросших семян редьки масличной (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleifera Metzg.) в верхних горизонтах почв ключевых участков городов Иркутск и Ангарск, определена длина отростков и длина корней в почвах исследуемых образцов. В статье приводятся морфологические описания полевых почвенных профилей ключевых участков. Согласно полученным данным, в городе Иркутске самыми чистыми являются берега рек Иркут и Ушаковка, а самым загрязненным участком оказывается берег озера (Ново-Ленинские болота). Почвы лесополос и парков в Ангарске оказались наименее загрязненными, о чем можно судить по высокому проценту проросших семян редьки масличной. Загрязнены почвы проезжих улиц и дворов. В среднем, согласно полученным результатам и методике, почвы города Иркутска и пригорода оказались менее токсичными, чем почвы города Ангарска. Исходя из полученных средних значений длины отростков и корней редьки в образцах, почвы города Иркутска и его пригородов оказались в целом несколько менее фитотоксичны по сравнению с почвами города Ангарска. Однако необходимо отметить, что в условиях города бывают сохранены естественные ландшафты с помощью различных средообразующих и средосохраняющих объектов – парки, рощи, лесопосадки и т. д., почвы этих участков оказались наименее токсичными.
Благодарности: Исследование выполнено за счет средств государственного задания (№ госрегистрации темы АААА-А21-121012190055-7 (№ FWEM-2021-0002).
Корреляция урожайности зерновых культур и вегетационного индекса SAVI на территории Республики Татарстан
Authors: Сабирзянов Алмаз Мансурович , Панасюк Михаил Валентинович , Аширбеков Шынболат Уланович 
Published: April 2024

В статье рассмотрены возможности применения данных дистанционного зондирования Земли и геоинформационных технологий для анализа и прогнозирования урожайности зерновых сельскохозяйственных культур, выращиваемых в различных почвенных зонах Республики Татарстан. Выявлены ключевые факторы, влияющие на рост и развитие растений в почвенно-климатических условиях региона. Приводятся результаты обработки геоданных со спутниковых снимков Landsat-8 с помощью методов спектрального анализа, позволившие рассчитать значения вегетационных индексов для зерновых культур. Результаты корреляционно-регрессионного анализа данных 2021 года привели к выявлению высокой степени тесноты корреляционной связи (r = 0,8) между индексом SAVI и средней урожайностью зерновых культур для заданной выборки муниципальных районов, представляющих все почвенные зоны региона. Данная зависимость отражает нелинейные соотношения между показателями. Дается характеристика динамики значений индекса SAVI в период фазы вегетации растительности на основе анализа тренда временного ряда. Показано, что высокие для региона среднесуточные температуры, способствующие торможению роста и развития растений, достоверно отражаются невысокими значениями индекса SAVI. Приводится вывод об обратной связи индекса растительности SAVI и показателя водного индекса на полях зерновых культур региона.
THE ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE IN THE PREPARATION OF WORLD WAR II
Authors: Борисов В.И. 
Published: April 2024

В статье анализируется деятельность западных государств по подготовке фашистской Германии ко Второй Мировой войне. Подчеркнуто, что итогами Первой мировой войны были недовольны все стороны, что предопределило Второй Мировую войну. Показано финансирование США гитлеровской партии, военной экономики Германии. Освещены пути поощрения агрессора западными странами, направленные на уничтожение СССР.
The article analyzes the activities of Western states in preparing fascist Germany for World War 2. It is emphasized that all sides were dissatisfied with the results of World War 1, which predetermined World War 2. The US financing of the Hitlerite Party and the German war economy is shown. The ways of encouraging the aggressor by Western countries aimed at the destruction of the USSR are highlighted.
THE FIGHTING OF THE SPECIAL GROUP OF FORCES UNDER THE COMMAND OF LIEUTENANT GENERAL P.A. BELOV IN MAY-JUNE 1942 IN SMOLENSK REGION AGAINST THE TROOPS OF ARMY GROUP “CENTRE” (OPERATION HANNOVER)
Authors: Михайлов И.Г. 
Published: April 2024

В статье освещаются события мая–июня 1942 г. на территории Смоленской области, когда войска группы армий «Центр» провели против Особой группы войск под командованием генерал-лейтенанта П.А. Белова операцию по ликвидации этой группировки. Операция получила название «Ганновер». В статье рассматриваются планы сторон, их подготовка к боям и сам ход боевых действий. В заключение приводятся цифры потерь обеих сторон и выводы, которые сделало немецкое командование после завершения операции «Ганновер».
The article highlights the events of May–June 1942 on the territory of Smolensk region, when the troops of the Army Group “Centre” held against the Special Group of Forces under the command of Lieutenant General P.A. Belov an operation to eliminate this group. The operation was named “Hannover”. The article discusses the plans of the parties, their preparationfor battles and the very course of hostilities. In conclusion, the figures of the losses of both sides and the conclusions that the German command made after the completion of Operation Hannover are given.
БОРЬБА И ПОДВИГ СОВЕТСКИХ ПАРТИЗАНСКИХ ОТРЯДОВ НА СМОЛЕНЩИНЕ: ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ РОССИЙСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО АРХИВА СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ИСТОРИИ
Authors: Черепанов А.В. 
Published: April 2024

В настоящей статье оценивается деятельность партизанских отрядов в условиях «рельсовой войны» на примере конкретного региона —Смоленской области. Стихийность возникновения партизанского движения заставляет говорить о нем как о народной инициативе. Статья подготовлена на основе анализа документов Центрального штаба партизанского движения, хранящихся в Российском государственном архиве социально-политической истории.
This article assesses the activities of partisan detachments in the context of a “rail war” using the example of a specific region — the Smolensk region. The spontaneity of the emergence of the partisan movement makes us talk about it as a people’s initiative. The general historical significance of the partisan movement is understandable in general terms. Another thing is that the author’s field of view turned out to be archival documents of the TsShPD, on the basis of which the activities of partisan detachments are considered. This approach, perhaps, helps to replenish the historiographic gaps that take place when considering the partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War and to understand in more detail what role the partisans played against the invaders on Smolensk land.
ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ ПРОТИВ ГРАЖДАНСКОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ СМОЛЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В ГОДЫ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ
Authors: Тарасенкова Т.И. 
Published: April 2024

В статье рассматриваются документы Государственного архива новейшей истории Смоленской области из фондов Западного штаба партизанского движения и подпольных райкомов ВКП(б), в которых имеется информация о преступлениях нацистов и их пособников против гражданского населения на территории Смоленской области в годы Великой Отечественной войны.
The article examines the documents of the State Archive of the Modern History of the Smolensk region from the funds of the Western Headquarters of the Partisan movement and the underground district committees of the CPSU (b), which contain information about the crimes of the Nazis and their accomplices against the civilian population in the Smolensk region during the Great Patriotic War.
BELARUS’ CONTRIBUTION TO THE DISRUPTION OF NAZI GERMANY’S LIGHTNING WAR PLANS
Authors: Сороковик И.А. 
Published: April 2024

статья посвящена деятельности Красной армии, партизан и подпольщиков Беларуси по срыву планов молниеносной войны нацистской Германии в начальный период Великой Отечественной войны. Показаны очаги мужественного сопротивления бойцов и командиров Красной Армии, деятельность первых партизанских отрядов и патриотического подполья на территории Беларуси против немецко-фашистских оккупантов в начальный период войны.
The article is devoted to the activities of the Red Army, partisans and underground workers of Belarus to disrupt the plans of the lightning war of Nazi Germany in the initial period of the Great Patriotic War. The centers of courageous resistance of fighters and commanders of the Red Army, the activities of the first partisan detachments and the patriotic underground on the territory of Belarus against the Nazi occupiers in the initial period of the war are shown.