bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rat Carotid Artery Responses to α‐Adrenergic Receptor Agonists and 5‐HT After Ovariectomy and Hormone Replacement
Authors: Mehrotra Suneet , Gupta Saurabh , Villalón Carlos M. , Boomsma Frans , Saxena Pramod R. , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette 
Published: July 2006

Objective.—To compare the contractile responses to α‐adrenergic receptor agonists and 5‐HT in the rat carotid artery after ovariectomy and subsequent hormone replacement with 17β‐estradiol, progesterone, or the combination of 17β‐estradiol and progesterone.Background.—The prevalence of migraine is higher in women than in men, and changes in 17β‐estradiol levels seem to affect the frequency of attacks in female migraineurs. However, the underlying mechanisms are not yet completely understood.Methods.—After 1 week of acclimatization (Day 0), female Sprague‐Dawley rats were either sham‐operated or bilateral ovariectomized. One week later (Day 7), the ovariectomized rats were subcutaneously implanted with a pellet releasing over a 21‐day period either placebo, 0.25 mg 17β‐estradiol, 50 mg progesterone, or the combination of the 2 hormones. Blood samples were collected on Days 0, 7, and 21 to measure plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine. On days 25 to 28, the animals were killed to isolate carotid artery and mount its segments in Mulvany myographs. Cumulative concentration response curves to α‐adrenergic receptor agonists and 5‐HT were constructed in the absence or presence of suitable antagonists.Results.—The potency of norepinephrine in ovariectomized rats was significantly reduced in animals treated with progesterone as compared to those with placebo. In placebo‐treated ovariectomized animals there was a noticeable response mediated by α2‐adrenoceptors, in contrast to that in sham‐operated or ovariectomized rats treated with 17β‐estradiol and progesterone, either alone or in combination. The plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine were not significantly affected by either ovariectomy or the subsequent hormone replacement. The potency of 5‐HT was significantly reduced in animals having circulating sex hormones as compared to that in placebo‐treated ovariectomized animals.Conclusion.—Taken together, our results indicate that circulating progesterone and/or 17β‐estradiol may reduce the contraction of the rat carotid artery in response to norepinephrine and 5‐HT. This effect of female sex hormones might be one of the factors through which these hormones aggravate migraine in women.
Endothelial Function in Patients With Migraine During the Interictal Period
Authors: Silva Federico A. , Rueda‐Clausen Christian F. , Silva Sandra Y. , Zarruk Juan G. , Guzmán Juan C. , Morillo Carlos A. , Vesga Boris , Pradilla Gustavo , Flórez Mildred , López‐Jaramillo Patricio 
Published: July 2006

Objectives.—The aim of this study is to evaluate endothelial function in migraineur subjects during the asymptomatic period.Background.—Migraine has been proposed as a risk factor for cerebrovascular events. The underlying mechanisms that relate these 2 pathologies are unknown. Nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed as the final causative molecule of migraine. Increased NO metabolites concentrations have been reported in migraineur subjects during acute migraine attacks, but there is no evidence indicating alterations in endothelial NO release during the symptom free period in theses subjects.Design and Methods.—Fifty migraineur subjects and 25 healthy subjects matched by gender and age were included. Every subject underwent a complete examination that included medical history, physical examination, resting electrocardiogram, forearm flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD), blood determinations of fasting nitrates and nitrites (NO2−+ NO3−), glucose, lipid profile, creatinine, C‐reactive protein, and blood cell count.Results.—No differences in FMD or NO2−+ NO3− were detected among groups. The only difference between migraineurs and control subjects was a higher mean blood pressure 92.1 (8.8) mmHg versus 86.7 (8.2) mmHg P= .01.Conclusion.—The endothelial function is not altered during the interictal period in migraineur subjects.
Impact of Personality on Academic Performance of MBA Students: Qualitative Versus Quantitative Courses*
Authors: Whittingham Keith L. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThe traditional core Masters in Business Administration (MBA) curriculum consists of a broad range of courses that can be considered as a whole, or divided into qualitative and quantitative courses. Regression models were developed with “QualGPA” and “QuantGPA” as response variables, and gender, pre‐MBA academic indicators, and personality factors (measured by the RightPath6® profile) as the explanatory variables. Results may provide pedagogical insight for faculty teaching increasingly diverse MBA classes. Additionally, there are recruitment implications for those hiring MBA graduates, as well as implications for MBA students in decisions regarding MBA concentrations and subsequent career choices. While gender alone was not a significant variable in any model, gender–personality interactions were significant. Across both course categories, performance tended to be higher for students who were more “Detached” than “Compassionate,” with the exception of females in quantitative courses. Additionally, “Extraversion” and “Reactiveness” significantly enhanced performance among males in qualitative courses, and “Conscientiousness” had a strong positive performance effect among females in quantitative courses.
IRSS Psychology Theory: Telling Experiences Among Underrepresented IS Doctorates
Authors: Payton Fay Cobb , White Sharon D. , Mbarika Victor W. A. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTWith the changing demographics of the American workforce, the National Science Foundation, along with the U.S. Department of Commerce, has highlighted the shortage of minorities in information technology (IT) careers (http://www.ta.doc.gov/Reports/itsw/itsw.pdf). Using data from a 6‐year period and the psychology Involvement‐Regimen‐Self Management‐Social (IRSS) network theory as defined byBoice (1992), we discuss lessons learned from mentoring a group of Information Systems doctoral students who are members of a pipeline that can potentially increase the number of underrepresented faculty in business schools and who made conscious decisions to renounce the IT corporate domain. While our lessons speak to the need for more diversity awareness, we conclude that effective mentoring for underrepresented groups can and should include faculty of color (though limited in numbers) as well as majority faculty who are receptive to the needs and cultural differences of these student groups. Lastly, we draw on the work ofEthnic Americato provide additional insight into our findings that are not offered by IRSS network theory.
The Determinants of Students' Perceived Learning Outcomes and Satisfaction in University Online Education: An Empirical Investigation*
Authors: Eom Sean B. , Wen H. Joseph , Ashill Nicholas 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTIn this study, structural equation modeling is applied to examine the determinants of students' satisfaction and their perceived learning outcomes in the context of university online courses. Independent variables included in the study are course structure, instructor feedback, self‐motivation, learning style, interaction, and instructor facilitation as potential determinants of online learning. A total of 397 valid unduplicated responses from students who have completed at least one online course at a university in the Midwest were used to examine the structural model. The results indicated that all of the antecedent variables significantly affect students' satisfaction. Of the six antecedent variables hypothesized to affect the perceived learning outcomes, only instructor feedback and learning style are significant. The structural model results also reveal that user satisfaction is a significant predictor of learning outcomes. The findings suggest online education can be a superior mode of instruction if it is targeted to learners with specific learning styles (visual and read/write learning styles) and with timely, meaningful instructor feedback of various types.
Theoretical Value Belief, Cognitive Ability, and Personality as Predictors of Student Performance in Object‐Oriented Programming Environments
Authors: Hall Dianne J. , Cegielski Casey G. , Wade James N. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThe research described in this article reports the results of a study designed to evaluate the relationship among object‐oriented (OO) computer programming task performance and a student's (1) theoretical value belief, (2) cognitive ability, and (3) personality. The results of this study do not support the assertion that cognitive ability is a main determinant of performance. Rather, the findings suggest that characteristics of an individual nature have more effect on a student's performance. This supports our belief advanced herein that theoretical value belief and personality are significant predictors of computer programming performance in OO environments. From the findings of this study, we assert that academicians who must teach OO computer programming consider these factors when developing course materials or student assistance programs.
An Assessment of Statistical Process Control‐Based Approaches for Charting Student Evaluation Scores
Authors: Ding Xin , Wardell Don , Verma Rohit 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTWe compare three control charts for monitoring data from student evaluations of teaching (SET) with the goal of improving student satisfaction with teaching performance. The two charts that we propose are a modified p chart and a z‐score chart. We show that these charts overcome some of the shortcomings of the more traditional charts for analyzing SET data. A comparison of three charts (an individuals chart, the modified p chart, and the z‐score chart) reveals that the modified p chart is the best approach for analyzing SET data because it utilizes distributions that are appropriate for categorical data, and its interpretation is more straightforward. We conclude that administrators and faculty alike can benefit by using the modified p chart to monitor and improve teaching performance as measured by student evaluations.
Facilitating Systemic Thinking in Business Classes
Authors: Atwater J. Brian , Pittman Paul H. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThis article identifies and describes three dimensions of systemic thinking—thinking holistically, thinking dynamically, and thinking in terms of feedback loops. We contend that within the field of business a significant amount of attention has been paid to holistic thinking, but relatively little to the other two dimensions. In addition, we present evidence that managers will need to more fully develop systemic thinking skills as business systems become even more interdependent in the 21st century. Tools are presented that can be used in any area of business to help students develop their systemic thinking skills and gain better insights in their respective fields of study. Examples of how to introduce and use these tools in the classroom are also provided.
Spatio‐temporal dynamics of corn rootworm, Diabrotica spp., adults and their spatial association with environment
Authors: Park Yong‐Lak , Tollefson Jon J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMultiyear and multilocation studies were conducted to investigate the within‐ and the between‐year spatial dynamics of corn rootworms Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), adults and their spatial associations with environmental factors in cornfields. Grid‐based spatial sampling was conducted by trapping adults emerging from the soil (i.e., ‘emergence‐trap counts’) and by counting the number of adults in the ear zone of corn plant (i.e., ‘ear‐zone count’). Spatial analysis with distance indices (SADIE) was used to determine spatial distribution patterns and to investigate spatial associations. Ear‐zone counts and emergence‐trap counts were spatially dynamic within a year and more frequently aggregated in the middle of growing seasons and random early and late in the season. However, during the peak population periods, spatial distribution of ear‐zone counts and emergence‐trap counts were significantly consistent between years, indicating predictability of future spatial distributions. Spatial distribution of emergence‐trap counts and ear‐zone counts were positively associated with soil moisture and presence of corn plants with silks, respectively. This study demonstrated that within‐year spatial distribution patterns were dynamic and that there was between‐year spatial consistency of corn rootworm adult distributions. Such information can be used to improve preventative management of corn rootworms.
Feeding and oviposition preferences of Monochamus galloprovincialis for certain conifers under laboratory conditions
Authors: Naves Pedro Miguel , De Sousa Edmundo Manuel , Quartau José Alberto 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFeeding and oviposition preferences of Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Monochamini), the vector of the pine wilt nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Bührer) Nickle (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), in Portugal, was studied in three laboratory experiments: an adult feeding preference trial between branches of five pines, a no‐choice oviposition experiment on seven conifer bolts, and an oviposition choice trial between maritime pine, Pinus pinaster Aiton, and four other pines, P. pinea L., P. sylvestris L., P. halepensis Miller, or P. radiata D. Don. Scots pine (P. sylvestris) was the pine with the largest bark feeding area, while P. radiata was the least chosen to feed upon. Female M. galloprovincialis laid eggs on P. sylvestris, P. halepensis, P. pinaster, P. radiata, P. pinea, and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco, but larvae successfully completed development only on the first four pines. Beetles emerging from maritime pine bolts were slightly bigger than the others. No preference for oviposition was detected when beetles were given the choice between P. pinaster and P. sylvestris or P. halepensis. Inversely, greater oviposition occurred on P. pinaster when compared with P. pinea and P. radiata. Although PWN currently affects only P. pinaster in Portugal, the results on host suitability for M. galloprovincialis suggest that P. sylvestris and P. halepensis are adequate hosts for the insect's feeding and oviposition, and thus may also be PWN hosts in Europe. The systematically high feeding and oviposition attraction for P. sylvestris exhibited by the beetles means that the eventual spread of the PWN to areas where both M. galloprovincialis and P. sylvestris occur may have a significant impact on this widespread and economically important pine, considered to be highly susceptible to B. xylophilus.
Is lack of mating competitiveness in spring linked to mating asynchrony between wild and mass‐reared codling moths from an operational sterile insect programme?
Authors: Judd Gary J.R. , Thistlewood Howard M.A. , Gardiner Mark G.T. , Lannard Brenda L. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMating competitiveness and pheromone trap catches of mass‐reared, male codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), from the Osoyoos, British Columbia, Canada, mass‐rearing facility operated by the Okanagan‐Kootenay Sterile Insect Release Board, were compared to wild males using mark–release–recapture field experiments in spring, summer, and autumn at Summerland, British Columbia. In spring, significantly more wild diapause males mated with tethered, wild females than did non‐irradiated (0 Gy) or irradiated (100 or 250 Gy) non‐diapause, mass‐reared males. A lower dose of radiation did not improve mating competitiveness, nor catches of mass‐reared males released in spring. Median mating time for wild males was approximately 45 min earlier than mass‐reared males with most wild males (70.5%) mating before sunset and mass‐reared males mating at or shortly after sunset in spring. Superior mating competitiveness of wild males in spring was mirrored by greater recapture rates in pheromone‐baited traps. In summer, mating competitiveness of mass‐reared moths improved relative to wild males and there was a significant inverse relationship between radiation dose (0, 100, and 250 Gy) and competitiveness of mass‐reared males. In autumn, untreated, wild males were significantly more responsive to pheromone traps than non‐diapausing mass‐reared males receiving 250 Gy of radiation. Mass‐reared males, subjected to diapause‐inducing conditions as larvae and emerged from diapause before this irradiation treatment, were recaptured significantly more often than similarly irradiated, non‐diapause, mass‐reared males, but not more than untreated, diapause wild males. We hypothesize that differences between wild and mass‐reared males in daily timing or speed of responses to natural or synthetic pheromone sources under montane weather patterns typical of spring in British Columbia may partially explain poor activity of sterile males, and low sterile : wild overflooding ratios during spring when measured using pheromone traps by the sterile insect release programme in British Columbia.
Aspects of tuber resistance in hybrid potatoes to potato tuber worm
Authors: Malakar‐Kuenen Raksha , Tingey Ward M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTubers produced from crosses between the wild potato, Solanum berthaultii Hawkes (Solanaceae), and the cultivated species Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae) are resistant to potato tuber worm (PTW), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), infestation compared to those of the popular commercial North American cultivars Allegany, Atlantic, Chieftain, Katahdin, MaineChip, NorDonna, Norwis, Russet Norkotah, Snowden, and Yukon Gold. Given a choice between Atlantic and hybrid tubers, female PTW deposited ca. 50% fewer eggs on hybrid tubers than on those of Atlantic; larval survival and production of prepupae on hybrid tubers were reduced similarly. Time needed for neonates to penetrate eye buds was ca. 100 min greater on hybrid tubers compared to that on cv. Atlantic. Periderm of hybrid tubers is thicker than that of cv. Atlantic and may contribute to the delay in larval penetration of tubers and the success of initial establishment.
An immuno‐marking technique for thrips
Authors: Jasrotia Poonam , Ben‐Yakir David 
Published: July 2006

AbstractRabbit immunoglobulin G (R‐IgG) was used successfully as an external mark for thrips. Females of both Thrips tabaci Lindeman and Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) were marked with 1 mg ml−1 R‐IgG solution with 1%‘Tween 20’ by the contact exposure method. Determining the retention of the mark was by running the rinsing solution of individual thrips in an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sandwich ELISA method was used with an additional biotin–avidin step. The threshold for a positive marking score was defined as three times the mean optical density readings of the negative control thrips. Under laboratory conditions, on bean pods, all marked thrips scored positive up to 6 days after marking (DAM). When marked thrips were kept in the laboratory on marigold flowers for 2 days, they all scored positive. When marked and unmarked thrips were placed together on these flowers, the mark was transferred to 10–20% of the unmarked thrips and they became positive. Under field conditions, on sticky traps covered with water‐base glue, 100, 80, and 20% of the marked T. tabaci scored positive by the 3rd, 6th, and 9th DAM, respectively. Under the same conditions 100, 90, and 10% of the marked F. occidentalis scored positive by the 3rd, 6th, and 9th DAM, respectively. The retention of the R‐IgG decreased significantly under conditions of wetness and high humidity. After 6 days on chive plants kept at 80–100% r.h., all marked thrips scored negative while on plants kept at 40–60% r.h., 85% of the marked thrips scored positive. Rabbit IgG can be used as an external marker for thrips. The suitability of this marking method for dispersal studies of these important pests needs to be evaluated.
Clinical examination of subjects with halitosis
Authors: Donaldson AC , Riggio MP , Rolph HJ , Bagg J , Hodge PJ 
Published: July 2006

Objective:  To develop and apply a detailed clinical protocol for screening and assessing subjects with a complaint of halitosis.Design:  Cross‐sectional.Subjects and methods:  Several methods were used to recruit subjects with a complaint of halitosis, including a newspaper advertisement. A definition of halitosis arising from within the oral cavity, which is not related to generalized chronic gingivitis, chronic periodontitis or pathology of the oral mucosa was used. An extensive list of exclusion criteria was applied at the initial visit. Eligible subjects were asked to follow strict instructions and complete a questionnaire prior to their second visit for data collection. The clinical examination consisted of an organoleptic assessment, Halimeter® reading and periodontal examination.Results:  The best method of recruiting subjects was advertising. Of 66 individuals recruited, four failed to attend the screening visit and 25 were excluded. The main reasons for exclusion were poor oral hygiene and existing periodontal disease. Thirty‐seven completed the full protocol, resulting in identification of 18 with halitosis and 19 controls.Conclusions:  Application of the exclusion criteria resulted in significant attrition of eligible participants. Our results suggest that organoleptic assessment should be regarded as a useful standard for defining subjects with halitosis.
Location of proliferating gingival cells following toothbrushing stimulation
Authors: Tomofuji T , Sakamoto T , Ekuni D , Yamamoto T , Watanabe T 
Published: July 2006

Objectives:  Mechanical stimulation by toothbrushing promotes healing of gingivitis through accelerating cell proliferation. Junctional epithelium proliferates at periodontal pocket formation. A question is arisen whether toothbrushing contributes to the repair of gingival inflammation or deterioration of pocket formation. The location of proliferating cells in gingiva stimulated mechanically by toothbrushing was investigated.Materials and methods:  A total of 24 teeth of dogs underwent daily plaque removal with a curette (plaque removal) or both plaque removal and toothbrushing (toothbrushing). Proliferative activity of gingival cells in six individual zones was evaluated by assaying expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).Results:  Toothbrushing increased densities of PCNA‐positive basal cells in the junctional epithelium, connective tissues adjacent to the junctional epithelium, the alveolar bone of the oral epithelial side and the oral epithelium. However, the densities of PCNA‐positive cells at the apical portion of the junctional epithelium, connective tissues adjacent to the cementum and the alveolar bone of the periodontal ligament side did not increase following toothbrushing.Conclusions:  Toothbrushing promotes proliferation of gingival cells other than fibroblasts in periodontium and basal cells in the apical portion of the junctional epithelium. The repair of periodontal tissues might be promoted by toothbrushing within the limit of the direct mechanical stimulation.