bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transport Properties of Cation-Exchange Membrane–Aqueous Electrolyte System
Authors: Nagata Yoshihiko , Kohara Kazuyuki , Yang Wong Kang , Yamauchi Akira , Kimizuka Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Transport properties of a cation-exchange membrane-aqueous sodium chloride solution system have been studied. The membrane used was a sulfonated styrene–divinyl benzene copolymer, Neosepta C66-5T. The salt concentration was kept at 10−1 mol dm−3 on one side of the membrane and varied from 10−3 to 10−2 mol dm−3 on the other. The six elements of a conductance matrix have been experimentally determined according to the previous theory and the membrane properties were discussed in terms of conductance elements. All the elements of the conductance matrix were positive within the concentration range studied. This would be characteristic of a cation-exchange membrane. The electrical ion conductance was greater than the diffusional ion conductance by a factor of 10 to 100. The ion-solvent coupling coefficient was much less than the interionic one, although the electroosmotic conductance was ten-times greater than the membrane conductance. The reflection coefficient was close to unity. The electroosmotic properties were also discussed in terms of the conductance matrix.
The Phase Transition of 1,4-Dialkyl-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Dibromides, Cn–DABCO–Cn+2–Br
Authors: Imamura Kengo , Shimizu Jun , Nogami Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The phase transition of 1,4-dialkyl-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane dibromide (diquaternary salt) in which the difference in the carbon numbers of the two alkyl groups is two, was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry, infrared absorption spectroscopy, and a study of the bromide-anion conductivities. DSC measurements revealed the existence of the metastable phase. The conversion rate from the metastable phase to the stable phase was too slow to be followed. The phase transition could be explained by the free energy-temperature relation. The temperature-dependence of the infrared absorption spectra showed that the band progressions due to two different alkyl chains disappeared at the transition temperature. This shows that the trans-zigzag conformation in the low-temperature phase is destroyed by the conformational change of the alkyl chain at the transition temperature. The free energy-temperature relation was also confirmed by the IR spectra. Discontinuous increases in the bromide-anion conductivities were observed at the transition temperatures. The conductivity jump was explained by the voids caused by the conformational change in the alkyl chain.
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Diphenyl-2-pyridylmethyl Methacrylate
Authors: Kageyama Hiroyuki , Miki Kunio , Kasai Nobutami , Mohri Haruhiko , Okamoto Yoshio , Hatada Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The molecular structure of diphenyl-2-pyridylmethyl methacrylate has been determined by means of X-ray diffraction. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21⁄n, a=10.334(2), b=22.093(3), c=8.415(1) Å, β=110.92(2)°, and Z=4. The structure was established by the direct method, and refined by the block-diagonal least-squares procedure to R=0.052 (Rw=0.064) for 1702 observed reflections. The molecule has an antiperiplanar-synperiplanar conformation. One of the two phenyl groups attached to the C(5) atom is trans, and the other phenyl and 2-pyridyl groups are gauche to the C(1).
Azide-, Thiocyanate- or Cyanate-Bridged Di- and Trinuclear Copper(II) Complexes with N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylethylenediamine, N,N-Diethylethylenediamine, 2,2′-Bipyridyl or 1,10-Phenanthroline
Authors: Nakao Yasuo , Nakamura Hideo , Mori Wasuke , Sakurai Takeshi , Suzuki Shinnichiro , Nakahara Akitsugu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A series of di- and trinuclear copper(II) complexes containing N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine(tmen), N,N-diethylethylenediamine(deen), 2,2′-bipyridyl(bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline(phen) and azide, thiocyanate or cyanate ions have been prepared and characterized by their magnetic susceptibilities, infrared, electronic, and ESR spectra, and electric conductances. Magnetic susceptibility data for the dimeric complex [Cu2(tmen)2(N3)2] (ClO4)2 shows the presence of a ferromagnetic interaction (Weiss constant θ=+30 K) above 150 K, whereas the two copper(II) ions are apparently non-coupled below 150 K. On the other hand, the dimeric complex [Cu2(bpy)2(N3)2] (ClO4)2 shows the presence of a large antiferromagnetic exchange interaction (μeff&lt;0.6 B.M. at room temperature). The complex [Cu3(tmen)3(NCS)3](ClO4)3·1.5H2O is estimated to have the trimeric structure; the temperature-dependence of the magnetic susceptibility for this compound indicates the existence of an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction with a J value of −175 cm−1.
Binuclear Metal Complexes. 58. Synthesis and Properties of Mixed-Valence Diiron(III,IV) Complexes of Salen Analogs with Pendant Thioether Group
Authors: Okawa Hisashi , Horiuchi Kaoru , Kanda Wakako , Oshio Hiroki , Kida Sigeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Iron complexes of the composition [Fe2(L)2O]PF6 have been obtained with N,N′-disalicylidene-2-methyl-4-(1-methylethylthio)-1,2-butanediamine (H2L1) and N,N′-disalicylidene-2-methyl-4-ethylthio-1,2-butanediamine (H2L2). They were characterized as mixed-valence diiron(III,IV) complexes composed of high-spin iron(III) and low-spin iron(IV). Cryomagnetic measurements demonstrated the operation of an antiferromangetic spin-exchange interaction (J=−12.3–−13.9 cm−1) between the FeIII and FeIV ions. ESR signals at liquid nitrogen temperature (g=4.03 and 2.00) were reasonably attributed to the ground spin state (ST=3⁄2) in the spin-coupled dimer. In the Mössbauer spectra two quadrupole splitting doublets due to iron(III) and iron(IV) were observed. The complexes were discussed in comparison with mixed-valence complexes of N,N′-disalicylideneethylenediamine (H2salen), [Fe2(salen)2O]X, composed of high-spin iron(III) and high-spin iron(IV).
X-Ray and Neutron-Diffraction Study of a Stereoselectively Deuterated Benzyl t-Butyl Sulfoxide. A Revised Configuration Assignment for the Chiral Carbon Atom Due to Isotopic Substitution
Authors: Iitaka Yoichi , Itai Akiko , Tomioka Nobuo , Kodama Yoshio , Ichikawa Kazuo , Nishihata Ken , Nishio Motohiro , Izumi Masashi , Doi Kenji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
X-Ray analysis of a stereoselectively monodeuterated benzyl t-butyl sulfoxide, PhCHDSO–tBu, revealed that the t-butyl and phenyl groups are oriented anti to each other in this molecule. Integrated intensities for ten reflections were measured on a two-circle neutron diffractometer and the relative intensity distribution was compared with the calculated neutron structure factors, assuming the atomic parameters obtained by the X-ray analysis. It is concluded that the benzylic hydrogen which is flanked by S–O and t-Bu was replaced by deuterium. The results require that the earlier assignment for the relative configuration of PhCHDSO–tBu, should be revised; an important conclusion in view of current discussions of sulfur stereochemistry.
Regioselectivity in the Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of 1-Amino-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic Acid and Its Methyl Ester
Authors: Isogai Koji , Sakai Jun-ichi , Yamauchi Keiji , Watanabe Katsuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The title compounds were hydrogenolyzed over Pd–C. The ring-bond cleavage in the hydrogenolysis of the acid in water or methanol occurred at both the C1–C2 bond and the C2–C3 bond in nearly equal proportion, whereas the C1–C2 bond was cleaved mainly in the presence of ammonia and the C2–C3 bond was cleaved mainly in acetic acid. Selective hydrogenolysis of the C1–C2 bond of ester occurred in hexane or methanol, whereas the C2–C3 bond was hydrogenolyzed mainly in acetic acid. The role of the amino group is discussed.
Retentive Solvolysis. 13. The Number and the Stability of Carbocation Intermediate in the SN1 Phenolysis. Salt Effect on Retentive Phenolyses of Optically Active 2,2-Dimethyl-1-(p-substituted phenyl)propyl p-Nitrobenzoates
Authors: Kinoshita Tomomi , Ikai Keizo , Kashimura Tugunori , Fujiwara Masataka , Okamoto Kunio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The salt effect of (n-Bu)4NClO4 and NaOPh on the polarimetric and titrimetric rate constants (kp and kt, respectively) has been examined for the SN1 solvolyses of optically active 2,2-dimethyl-1-(p-methoxyphenyl)propyl (1) and 2,2-dimethyl-1-phenylpropyl p-nitrobenzoates (2) in pure phenol solvent. Four patterns, A, B, C, and D of the kp–kt profile against the added salt concentration have been observed for the phenolyses of 1, 2, and 2,2-dimethyl-1-(p-nitrophenyl)propyl p-nitrobenzoate (3). The patterns can specify the number of the sequential ion-pair intermediates (i.e., one or two), the product-forming stage (i.e., the 1st or the 2nd intermediate), and the species of reactant at the product-forming step (i.e., solvent phenol molecule, the phenoxide, or the perchlorate). The feature of the pattern of the kp–kt profile is predominantly controlled by two factors, (i) the stability of the carbocation intermediate derived from the substrates 1–3 and (ii) the nucleophilicity of the added salt. The patterns of salt effect on the product distribution (% of ROPh, o- and p-RC6H4OH) are also compatible with such rationalization of the four patterns.
Esterification, Etherification, and Aldol Condensation Using Cathodically-Generated Organic Olate Anions
Authors: Fuchigami Toshio , Awata Takeshi , Nonaka Tsutomu , Baizer Manuel M 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Cathodic methods for the esterification of carboxylic acids and the etherification of phenol and benzenethiol under mild conditions were developed. The esterification was successfully carried out at room temperature by the reaction of alkylating reagents with cathodically-generated quaternary ammonium carboxylates. The etherification was similarly achieved using electrogenerated quaternary ammonium phenolate and halonitrobenzenes. A hindered phenolate anion cathodically-generated from 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol remarkably promoted aldol condensation of aromatic ketones and aldehydes, and allowed subsequent Michael reaction to provide efficiently symmetrical 1,5-diketones.
The Oxidation of Methylbenzenes and Naphthalenes to Quinones with H2O2 in the Presence of Palladium Catalyst
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoru , Inoue Masami , Enomoto Saburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Methylbenzenes and naphthalenes were oxidized to quinones with aqueous(60%) H2O2 in acetic acid in the presence of a 0.24 wt% Pd(II)-sulfonated polystyrene type resin. The selectivities to quinones were higher in naphthalenes than in methylbenzenes. Among the naphthalenes used, 2-methylnaphthalene, 2,3-dimethylnaphthalene, and 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene gave 1,4-quinones in good yields(50–64%). The increase in the reaction temperature increased the selectivity to quinones from 40% at 20 °C to 70% at 70 °C.
Effect of Pore-Size Distribution on the Catalytic Performance for Coal Liquefaction. II. Carbonaceous and Metallic Deposition on the Catalyst
Authors: Shimada Hiromichi , Kurita Minoru , Sato Toshio , Yoshimura Yuji , Kobayashi Yoshinori , Nishijima Akio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The behavior of carbonaceous and metallic depositions on catalysts during hydroliquefaction of coal was investigated by using several kinds of catalyst supports with different pore-size distribution values in order to obtain the fundamental data for designing long-life catalysts. Higher concentration of carbonaceous deposition was observed on large-pore and bimodal catalysts than was observed on the comparative small pore and unimodal catalysts, respectively. However, the carbonaceous deposit was distributed more evenly inside large pores than it was inside small pores. The micropores of the bimodal catalysts were more effectively used than were those of the unimodal catalysts. Thus, the unimodal catalysts with small pores suffered more severe pore-mouth poisoning than the bimodal or the large-pore catalysts. The penetration behavior of the metallic components was found to be different for each metal. Discrete minerals such as clay could not penetrate into the catalyst pores and were deposited on the external surface of the catalyst particle. While, the metallic components coordinated with organic compounds such as phenolates or chelates deposited inside the macro- and mesopores. Easy access of the large asphaltenic molecules to the active sites resulted in high coal-liquefaction activity for the catalyst. This was accompanied by large amounts of both carbonaceous and metallic depositions. It is concluded that large-pore or bimodal pore structure is required for both high liquefaction activity and suppression of pore-mouth poisoning.
The Magnetic Properties of the Copper(II) Compounds with 3- and 4-Piperidinecarboxylic Acids
Authors: Emori Shuji , Morishita Nobuhide , Muto Yoneichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Compounds of formula [CuX2(C5H11NCOO)2]·3H2O (X=NO3, Cl, Br), [Cu(NO3)2(C5H11NCOO)2]·2(NH2)2CO, and Cu[(CH3)2CHCOO]2·(NH2)2 CO have been prepared. The correlation of their magnetic properties with the pKa values of their parent carboxylic acids is discussed.
Tautomeric Equilibrium of Salicylidene Schiff Base. UV-Visible Absorption and Raman Spectroscopic Studies
Authors: Lee Ho-hi , Kitagawa Teizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The solvent effect and temperature dependence on the Raman and absorption spectra demonstrated the existence of a tautomeric equilibrium for the title compound between the enol form and the protonated Schiff base form in methanol; the latter form is more stable by ca. 850 cal mol−1(1 cal=4.184 J) than the former. Characteristic Raman bands for the two tautomers have been identified.
Selective Allylation of Sodium Naphtholate
Authors: Yamada Shigetoshi , Takeshita Toru , Tanaka Juntaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of 1- or 2-naphthol with allylic halides (1-chloro-3-methyl-2-butene, 1-chloro-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene, trans-1-chloro-2-butene and trans-1-chloro-2-hexene) in the presence of metallic sodium gave naphthols having the corresponding allylic group selectively.
NAD(P)+–NAD(P)H Models. 59. 1,2- Versus 1,4-Reduction of β,γ-Unsaturated α-Keto Ester
Authors: Ohno Atsuyoshi , Yasuma Tsuneo , Nakamura Kaoru , Oka Shinzaburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Depending on the reactivity of the reducing agent, β,γ-unsaturated α-keto ester is reduced into either β,γ-unsaturated α-hydroxy ester or saturated α-keto ester as the result of 1,2- or 1,4-reduction.
Preparation of Some 1,3-Selenazin-4-ones
Authors: Yokoyama Masataka , Kumata Katsushi , Hatanaka Hidekatsu , Shiraishi Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2-Cyano-3-hydroseleno-3-(methylthio)acrylamide reacts with carbonyl compounds in the presence of sulfuric acid and aroyl chlorides in the presence of pyridine to give the corresponding 2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3-selenazin-4-ones and 4H-1,3-selenazin-4-ones in moderate yields, respectively.
Photoreaction of N-Alkylamides Containing Iron(III) Chloride by Monochromatic Light
Authors: Yokoyama Yasushi , Suzuki Takahiro , Kurita Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photolysis of N-alkylamides containing FeCl3 using monochromatic light corresponding to the absorption maxima were examined by ESR. Irradiation by 313-nm light resulted mainly in a hydrogen abstraction from the aliphatic carbon adjacent to either CO or NH, whereas 366-nm light produced an acyl radical in larger amounts.
Mössbauer Spectroscopic Study on the Mixed-Valence States of 1′,1'″-Bis(o-methylbenzyl)-, 1′,1'″-Bis(m-methylbenzyl)-, and 1′,1'″-Bis(p-methylbenzyl)biferrocenium Triiodide
Authors: Nakashima Satoru , Katada Motomi , Motoyama Izumi , Sano Hirotoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1′,1'″-Bis(o-methylbenzyl)-, 1′,1'″-bis(m-methylbenzyl)-, and 1′,1'″-bis(p-methylbenzyl)biferrocene were synthesized and Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements of their monocation salts were carried out at various temperatures in order to study the effect of the substituents on the mixed-valence states.
Study of Packing State in Lipid Bilayers with the Aid of Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
Authors: Inoue Yoshio , Seiya Yuji , Sakurai Minoru , Chûjô Riichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The packing states of lipid bilayers of three phosphocholines were investigated based on the density dependent UV shifts of probes incorporated into bilayers. As UV probes, two retinal Schiff bases were used. It was confirmed that the packing state of the fatty acyl chain region is well probed by UV spectroscopy.
A Consideration on the Mechanism of the Wacker Reaction from the Viewpoint of the Trans Influence of Ligands (OH−&gt;Cl−&gt;H2O)
Authors: Shinoda Sumio , Koie Yasuyuki , Saito Yasukazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The trans influence of three ligands (OH−, Cl−, and H2O) was compared for the first time according to the same experimental standard (1J(PtPtrans)). Based on the extremely high trans influence of the OH− ligand, a mechanism was proposed for the palladium(II) oxidation of ethylene, which includes the rate-determining external attack of H2O on a possible intermediate, trans-[PdCl2(OH)(C2H4)]−.
Crystal and Molecular Structure of a Binuclear Copper(II) Complex with 1,2,3,4-Tetrakis(salicylideneamino)-2,3-dimethylbutane
Authors: Mikuriya Masahiro , Izumitani Tatsuo , Okawa Hisashi , Kida Sigeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of a binuclear copper(II) complex with 1,2,3,4-tetrakis(salicylideneamino)-2,3-dimethylbutane (abbreviated as H4sata), Cu2(sata), was determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The complex molecule has two coordination units formed by a planar 6-5-6 fused chelate ring and takes a nonstacked form.
The Absolute Configuration of Isoprelaurefucin
Authors: Suzuki Minoru , Kurata Kazuya , Suzuki Teruaki , Kurosawa Etsuro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(3Z)-Isoprelaurefucin has been isolated as a major metabolite from the red alga Laurencia nipponica Yamada, and its structure was confirmed by chemical correlation with isoprelaurefucin. Furthermore, the absolute configuration of isoprelaurefucin was established on the basis of chemical evidence.
Studies on Special Type Surfactants. XVI. Preparation of Telomer-Type Surfactants Containing 4-Vinylpyridine and Oxidative Polymerization of 2,6-Xylenol Using Their Copper Complexes
Authors: Koide Yoshifumi , Eda Yasuyuki , Yamada Kimiho 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polymerization of 2,6-xylenol (XOH) was catalyzed by using a copper complex of a telomer-type surfactant containing 4-vinylpyridine, 1-benzyl-4-vinylpyridinium chloride, and methyl acrylate or styrene (L-VP-Q, L-VP-Q-MA, L-VP-St, and L-VP-Q-St). A copper complex of L2.5VP3.9Q2.2MA catalyzed an emulsion polymerization of XOH more than that of L-VP-Q, 4-vinylpyridine polymer (VP-Q), or pyridine. Furthermore, the oxidative polymerization of XOH in several organic solvents was more effective than emulsion polymerization. The copper complexes formed reversed-micelles in water (3–10 vol%)-DMSO, and the catalytic actions were in the following order: L-VP-Q&gt;VP-Q&gt;pyridine. The acceleration by the L-VP-Q complex was considered to be due to the adsorption of XOH on reversed micelles.
Solubilities and Free Energies of Transfer for Lanthanoid Iodates in Dimethyl Sulfoxide–Water Mixtures
Authors: Miyamoto Hiroshi , Iijima Hiroko , Sugawara Masako 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The solubilities of lanthanoid iodates in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)–water mixtures at 25 °C were measured. Thirteen lanthanoid iodate dihydrates Ln(IO3)3·2H2O (Ln=Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) were used. From the measured solubilities, the Gibbs free energies of the transfer of the iodates from water into aqueous DMSO solutions were calculated. The tetrad effect behavior reported by Peppard et al. was observed in both the variation with the lanthanoid atomic number of the solubility data and that with the atomic number of the free energies of transfer. The tetrad effect behavior seems to depend on a change in the solvation of the lanthanoid ions in variation with the crystal radii of the trivalent lanthanoid ions. In each system the logarithm of the solubility of the iodates decreases almost linearly with the reciprocal of the dielectric constant of the mixtures, as is expected from the Born equation or its modification when dealing with mixtures with narrow dielectric constant, ranging between 78.5 and 78.0.
o-Quinodimethane Generation from α,α′-Dihalo-o-xylenes by Use of Sodium Benzenetellurolate
Authors: Kambe Nobuaki , Tsukamoto Takashi , Miyoshi Noritaka , Murai Shinji , Sonoda Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Treatment of α,α′-dihalo-o-xylenes with sodium benzenetellurolate gave o-quinodimethane which readily reacted with dienophiles leading to Diels–Alder adducts. The best yields were obtained when the reaction was carried out in refluxing ethanol using two molar equivalents of the benzenetellurolate to α,α′-dihalo-o-xylenes. This reaction competes with substitution of the halogen atoms with the benzenetellurolate anion to afford α,α′-bis(phenyltelluro)-o-xylene, which did not give o-quinodimethane under identical conditions. It is likely that the reaction proceeds through nucleophilic attack of benzenetellurolate anion at the tellurium atom of α-halo-α′-phenyltelluro-o-xylene which is formed in situ by the substitution of one of the halogen atoms of the starting α,α′-dihalo-o-xylene with the benzenetellurolate anion. When sodium benzeneselenolate was employed, no evidence of o-quinodimethane formation was observed under similar conditions.
Magnetic Field Effects on the Primary Photoprocess of Anthrone in Micellar Solution by Laser Flash Photolysis and Two-Step Laser Excitation Fluorescence
Authors: Tanimoto Yoshifumi , Shimada Etsuko , Itoh Michiya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The magnetic field effects on hydrogen abstraction reaction of anthrone have been studied in micellar solution by laser flash photolysis and two-step laser excitation (TSLE) fluorescence. The decaytime of the anthrone ketyl radical determined by laser flash photolysis increases from 370 ns at zero field to 890 ns at 80 mT. The results are in accordance with the magnetic field effects on the risetime of the cage product by the TSLE fluorescence. All of the results are discussed in terms of the radical pair model.
A Molecular Orbital Study of Conformational Behavior of 9,9′-Bifluorenylidene
Authors: Kikuchi Osamu , Matsushita Ken-ichi , Morihashi Kenji , Nakayama Mitsunobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The conformation of 9,9′-bifluorenylidene and the E→Z isomerization of its derivatives were examined by a two-configuration SCF calculation with the MINDO/3 approximation. The twisted conformation was calculated to be more stable than the folded one. The E–Z isomerization occurs between two twisted conformers and the 90°-twisted structure is the transition state. The structural dependence of the rotational barrier of the isomerization is discussed.
Substituent Effects in the Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Cyclic Acetals of Benzophenones
Authors: Ueno Shinya , Oshima Takumi , Nagai Toshikazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Eight 2,2-diaryl-1,3-dioxanes were prepared and the kinetic substituent effects regarding acidcatalyzed hydrolysis were studied in 80% dioxane–water(v/v) at 30 °C. The logk were well correlated with the Yukawa-Tsuno equation; logk⁄k0=−2.92(σ0+0.385Δ\barσR+)(r=0.999).