bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zum Einfluß von Rückständen von Zink‐ und Bleiverbindungen im Wasser auf die Assimilation von Fontinalis antipyretica
Authors: Weise G. , Burger G. , Fuchs S. , Schürmann L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe carbon‐dioxide assimilation of Fontinalis antipyretica is inhibited by 100 mg/1Zn2+ or Pb2+, without a lethal effect being caused. With increasing time of exposure from one to six days the threshold value of toxicity is lowered and at the same time the net assimilation is reduced within the range of concentration of 0.1 mg/1. In the ecological optimum of the environmental conditions the toxicity is weaker than under other unfavourable environmental conditions at the same time. Therefore, the photoecologically optimum illumination of 1200 lx is an effective bioprotector against phytotoxic lead ion concentrations, so that at 1200 lx also at a comparatively high load a positive photosynthesis balance can be maintained. In the dark, in the first hour after the application of the lead ions dissimilation is a function of concentration, subsequently the respiration differences decrease very much in the range between 0 and 100 mg/1 lead(II)‐ions. Stimulating effects could be demonstrated only by 0.01 mg/1 Pb2+ and only for the carbondioxide assimilation.
Anwendung einfacher Konservierungsverfahren für Wasseruntersuchungen
Authors: Döll B. , Grether D. , Döll M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSamples taken from the influent and effluent of a biological wastewater treatment plant were immediately analysed and investigated at different intervals within four weeks after sampling. They were stored in the dark at 277 and 293 K and at pH 2 and pH 12 each. None of the measures resulted in a correct stabilization or preservation of the samples: orthophosphate cannot be stabilized by any measure, the total phosphate needs not be stabilized, the COD gives values which are still useful only at pH 2 and 277 K, TOC and DOC do not show useful results with none of the applied techniques, equally insufficient are the results for ammonium‐ and nitrate‐ions. In addition, differences occur in the behaviour of the samples taken from the influent and effluent. In agreement with the results published in the literature, the chemical analysis has to be carried out within 6 h after sampling.
Studies on the Behaviour of Water‐endangering Substances in Plants for the Biological Cleaning of Municipal Waste Waters. Part 1: Bromoxynil
Authors: Luther D. , Abendroth H.‐C. , Prause C. , Leipold W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe behaviour of the herbicide bromoxynil (3,5‐dibromo‐4‐hydroxybenzonitrile), labelled with 82Br, is investigated in an activated sludge plant on the laboratory scale with municipal wastewater. Only 5% of bromoxynil present in a concentration of 5 mg/l are degraded after preadaption of activated sludge for some weeks. The known hydrolysis products 3,5‐dibromo‐4‐hydroxybenzamide and 3,5‐dibromo‐4‐hydroxybenzoic acid were identified as degradation products. In addition, 1.9±0.9% of the quantity of 82Br appeared in the solution as Br− by debromination. Moreover, a pronounced adsorption of the active substance on activated sludge occurs. Its activity amounts to about 130% of the initial activity of the solution.
Hydrochemical Studies of Selected Water Bodies of the Carpet Belt of Eastern U.P. (India)
Authors: Tripathi R. S. , Sriwastwa V. M. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the carpet industry of the investigated area in 1980 there were used 100 t of different chemicals, especially dyes and textile auxiliaries. This quantity is to be increased 2.6 times till 1985. This industry does not have any closed‐cycle drainage systems for the dyeing and washing plants. Thus, during eight months of the year the effluents infiltrate in the soil or evaporate from pools. The accumulations of wastewater originating contain up to 60 mg/l chromium, so that 1… 10 mg/l chromium occur in the wells of the area. In the few central water‐supply plants till now chromium has not been detected. The annual variation of the groundwater shows pronounced maxima of contamination during July to September, which clearly agree with the maxima of the wastewater concentrations. The possible ecological impacts of this uncontrolled spread of substances contained in water also in the nutrient chain are discussed.
Sichttiefen und Wasserfarben der oberen Seen der Feldberger Seenlandschaft im Jahre 1983
Authors: Richter W. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAt the Schmaler and Breiter Luzin and at the Haus lake there were carried out monthly measurements of the depth of visibility with a white and a black Secchi disk and with Secchi disks of the colours blue, green, yellow, orange, red and reddish brown. The depths of visibility are 0.55… 5.8 m with variation widths for the colours referred to white of 0.05… 2.1 m. The diagram developed by SAUBERER, ELSTER and ŠTĚPÁNEK for the colour determination is extended empirically on the basis of measurements in the Feldberg lakes and then the water colour of the investigated lakes was determined in the annual variation. The thus obtained classification of the water in a ten‐step scale of colours shows a good agreement with the simultaneously determined colours according to FOREL and ULE. Of particular interest is the representation of the change of colours of the three lakes in the annual variation, which shows an individual distribution of colours for each lake—proceeding from a relatively uniform colour in December.
Zur Aquatoxizität ausgewählter Harnstoffherbizide und zu ihrer Kategorisierung als Wasserschadstoffe
Authors: Tscheu‐Schlüter M. , Winter W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEight urea herbicides, as are used for weed control, are investigated for their effect on the green alga Ankistrodesmus falcatus and the warm‐water fish Poecilia reticulata and found to be highly toxic for the test alga or highly to moderately toxic for the fish. If other criteria (acute toxicity to warm‐blooded animals, carcinogenicity and biochemical degradability) are taken into account too, the tested herbicides have to be classified as very dangerous water pollutants. Legal sanctions to be applied in cases of exceeded limiting values are discussed.
Zur Wirkung eingetragener Phytoplanktonbiomasse auf die Wasserbeschaffenheit eines schnell fließenden Tieflandgewässers
Authors: Kalbe L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of imported phytoplankton on a quick running lowland river in the district of the river Havel were investigated. The biomass of the phytoplankton (at the begin in the middle 25,6 mg/l, 184 μg/l chlorophyll) will become inactivated after a short time, a smaller part of about 15 % will be eliminated. On the balance of oxygen we could'nt find out effects because the rates of respiration and production are decreased. The oxygen content will be determined above all by the oxygen production in the upper region of the river with a high density of makrophytes and in the hypertrophic shallow lakes there are. Also the microbiological situation will not be determined by phytoplankton but the wastewater‐pollution on the other hand brings for an increase of numbers of Coliformes and Enterococces.
Wirkung der Chlorung auf die Abläufe einer Großkläranlage und ihres Vorfluters
Authors: Gudzuhn Ch. , Rummel W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo protect a water for the purpose of local recreation – inclusive of bathing – the effluent of an upstream clarification plant was chlorinated. Due to poorly controlled dosing, residual chlorine quantities exceeding the permissible level entered the receiving stream, its biocenosis having been considerably endangered. Detrimental effects on the chemical composition are graphically represented by the measured results for some waters – partly criteria of quality. There is explained that the self‐purification capacity of the water decreased by about 30 % and that the hydrobiological species composition of periphyton was reduced by about 80 %. Finally, advice is given concerning the prevention of such damages to waters.
Chlorobium Chlorophyll as an Indicator of Organic Pollution in a Paleolimnological Investigation
Authors: Rybak M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe object of the investigation was the strongly polluted Dłlugie Lake, Poland. Due to the development of the city of Olsztyn, for many years untreated municipal wastes were discharged into the lake. In the core of bottom sediments the occurrence of bacteriochlorophyll a pheophytin (Fig. 1) and Chlorobium chlorophylls and their degradation products (Fig. 2 and 3) were observed, which suggested the presence of photosynthetic bacteria from the family Chlorobiaceae COPELAND. The development of the Chlorobiaceae population was caused by the increase of organic pollution as an effect of the urbanization process of the city of Olsztyn. It was shown that Chlorobium chlorophylls can be used as indicators of organic pollution in paleolimnological investigation.
Pattern‐Recognition‐Verfahren in der Umweltanalytik und Ökotoxikologie: Methodische Grundlagen
Authors: Feiler D. , Nagel M. , Stottmeister E. , Koch R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractModern methods of analyses of environment yield multivariate data sets of measured objects which are used as the basis of the evaluation and interpretation of substances, differentiated effects, but also of samples or processes. The integrated evaluation and assessment of such multivariate data requires the application of mathematical‐statistical methods, the method of pattern recognition being particularly suitable. Pattern recognition program systems constitute a compilation of different methods, as e.g. the multivariate linear regression, classification methods (discriminant analysis, multivariate variance analysis), cluster algorithms, multidimensional scaling, factorial analysis. A few possibilities of such pattern comparisons and identifications are represented by the example of gas chromatography and of the structure/effect analysis for the mutagenity to be expected of 117 substances.
Zum Auftreten von Sulfiden und ihrer Messung in situ im Breiten Luzin 1982 … 1984
Authors: Richter W. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn investigation is made into the seasonal and depth‐related distribution of sulphides in the Breiter Luzin in the years of 1982 to 1984 with the aid of a white‐lead line and of titration against copper sulphate. The results are discussed with respect to their importance for the occurrence of Coregonus albula and Mysis relicta. The occurrence of sulphides, which is different in the individual years with respect to concentration and distribution, is discussed concerning the possible causes of the annual differences in connection with air and water temperature, duration of sunshine and wind direction. A bathymetric and wind‐exposure chart of the lake is presented for an assessment of the wind exposure.
Untersuchungen zur Adsorption von Spuren hydrolysierbarer Metallionen an Oberflächen
Authors: Hoffmann H.‐J. , Bosholm J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn static laboratory experiments there are determined quantities influencing the adsorption of selected metal ions on different surfaces (base metals, glass of instruments, quartz glass, plastic materials, precious metals). A great dependence on pH, ionic species, ionic concentration, material as well as temperature and presence of complexing agents is observed. Processes are proposed or confirmed by which the losses of material during the trace analysis are reduced.
Effect of Individual Phenolic Compounds and of Their Mixtures on Luminous Bacteria. Part 2: Interaction of p‐ and o‐Diphenol Toxicity for Beneckea harveyi with Their Oxidation
Authors: Stom D. J. , Geel T. A. , Balayan A. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperimental material was obtained supporting a hypothesis on the interaction between p‐ and o‐diphenol toxicity and their oxidation. It is shown that quinones – the products of pyrocatechol and hydroquinone oxidation – possess increased toxicity towards luminous bacteria cells.
Impairments Induced by Sublethal Doses of Sevin and Thiodan on the Brain of a Freshwater Teleost Channa striatus BL. (Channidae)
Authors: Kulshrestha S. K. , Jauhar L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProlonged exposure to two pesticides Sevin and Thiodan for 30 days produced impairments in the brain of Channa striatus on the following ways:

– Separation and damage to meninges of cerebral hemispheres
– severe damage to all the five layers of the optic textum
– severe damage to torus longitudinalis
– partial damage to the molecular and grannular layers of the corpus cerebelli.
– no effect on diencephalon and myelencephalon.
Phosphataufnahme und Gasstoffwechsel von Myriophyllum spicatum und Cladophora glomerata
Authors: Weise G. , Bahr I. , Fuchs S. , Schürmann L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe P‐uptake by Myriophyllum spicatum and Cladophora glomerata is investigated in the small phytotron at 5 and 15° in permanent light (11,5 klx) and in permanent darkness. Parallel to this, the gas‐metabolism‐physiological behaviour is determined by means of IRGA methods. A nutrient solution acc. to. Knop with P from KH2PO4 in the concentrations of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/1 P was used as the nutrient medium. Both species take P from the medium till the species – and development – specific pool is filled (6 … 7.5 mg/g P). Towards the end of the period of vegetation one can expect a P‐exudation. The P‐uptake is temperature‐dependent: Cladophora attains the highest P‐storage at low temperatures, Myriophyllum, at higher temperatures. Due to their longer phases of growth and lower proneness to traumas, submerse spermatophyta are superior to filamentous algae with respect to the long‐time elimination effects.
Ionenselektiver Austausch an slowakischem Klinoptilolith‐Tuffit
Authors: Horváthová E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractClinoptilolite, a natural zeolite is efficient for removing ammonia from water. The use of natural zeolites deposited at Nižný Hrabovec, ČSSR, for ammonia removal from model solutions is studied under various conditions: pH, temperature, hydrodynamic regime, zeolite‐modification. The optimal ion exchange conditions, the equilibrium and capacity data in real waste water of ČSSR‐clinoptilolite tuff were investigated.
Einfluß des Komplexbildungsgrades auf die Migrationsgeschwindigkeit von Eisen(II, III)‐Verbindungen
Authors: Reissig H. , Fischer R. , Meyer B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper describes relations between the degree of complexation calculated with a mathematical model (FISCHER and REISSIG, 1984) and the ion‐exchange and migration behaviour of iron(II, III)‐compounds in a simulated aquifer. In general, the bonding of the complexes to the soil matrix becomes stronger with increasing positive charge. Negatively charged or neutral complex compounds do not show any, or show only slight interactions with the soil matrix. By complexation it is possible to achieve great differences in the migration behaviour of a particular metal. In the course of migration in the deposit there was found a separation of the complex mixture in accordance with charge. The break‐through curves are characterized by a stepped shape, for this case. If weak acids or weak bases act as complex‐forming ligands, the pH‐dependent dissociation of the complexing species has to be taken into account in the complex calculation; this is represented by the example of the iron(III)‐citrate system in this paper. Moreover, experimental results concerning the migration behaviour of iron(II, III)‐fulvic acid complexes are given
Effect of Individual Phenolic Compounds and of Their Mixtures on Luminous Bacteria. Part 3. Combined Action of Phenolic Compounds on Aquatic Organisms
Authors: Stom D. J. , Geel T. A. , Balayan A. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractData on the action of mono‐ and polyatomic phenol mixtures on hydrobionts are discussed. Luminescent bacteria, Daphnia, algae zoospores, higher aquatic plants–Elodea and duckweed – were used as test objects. It is established that the toxicity of a paired mixture of mono‐ and polyatomic phenols is lower than the toxicity of their components.
Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Membranprozessen zur Beseitigung organischer Substanzen aus natürlichen Wässern
Authors: Dobrevski I. , Mavrov V. , Pavlova S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMembrane‐filtration or dialysis techniques are increasingly used for the partial desalting of waters, e.g. brackish waters. By the use of Bulgarian PAN and acetate‐cellulose separating membranes there are eliminated also organic substances – inclusive of humic matter – from natural waters to different degrees. The experimental arrangement is described and the measured results for COD‐Mn, concentrations of humic acid and specific electrolytic conductivity are summarized in tables. The humic acid concentration (2.8 mg/l) was reduced by about 79 % by ultrafiltration, 82 % by reverse osmosis and 62 % by electrodialysis. The efficiency of the investigated techniques could be increased under certain conditions.
Gaschromatographische Spurenanalyse von leichtflüchtigen Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen im Wasser mittels FID‐Detektion
Authors: Stottmeister E. , Hendel P. , Engewald W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe substances expelled with a nitrogen flow from the water sample are adsorbed on Tenax GC and then transferred from it into the separation column by heating to 200°. Detection is made by means of a flame ionization detector. The technique is suitable for routine application and in the practice of sanitation and water works with water samples of 0.5 l it allows the detection of < 1 μg/l of individual halogenated hydrocarbons.
Zur akuten Toxizität von Trichlorfon gegenüber ausgewählten Wasserorganismen
Authors: Neubert J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo different formulations of Trichlorfon were examined for their acute toxicity in laboratory tests. Cyprinus carpio L., Salmo gairdneri Rich. and the fish food organisms Cyclops spec., Diaptomus spec. and Chironomus spec. were used as test objects. The differences in toxicity between crystalline and technical Trichlorfon were not very large. The recorded lethal concentrations are summarized in graphical representations and tables. After exposure for several hours to lower concentrations of active constituents, the toxicant‐damaged fishes regained their original activity of life during a subsequent phase of recovery Tests of fish food organisms with 100 … 200 μg/l Trichlorfon led to death within 48 hours. Also on chironomid larvae Trichlorfon has a lethal effect at 0.2 mg/l within 48 hours. Toxicity is increased by the hardness constituents of the water. As experiments conducted with Crustacea have shown, growth is inhibited only at a certain concentration in the body.
Toxicity of Crude Oil to the Survival of the Fresh Water Fish Puntius sophore (HAM.)
Authors: Prasad M. S. , Kumari K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe exposure of Puntius sophore to different concentrations of crude oil (200… 4000 ppm) revealed that 4000 ppm was acutely lethal to the fish and mortality did not occur at <500 ppm at 21±1 °C for up to 15 days. The increase in the opercular frequency during exposure to crude oil has been recorded almost parallel to toxicant concentrations. The objectionable odour of the crude oil and the formation of coagulated mucous film over the body and gills were the main factors causing mortality among the experimental fish.The 24, 48, 78 and 96‐h TL 50 values have been 3275, 1750, 1650 and 1450 ppm. The corresponding regression coefficients b were –1.8056, –1.5849, –1.6037 and –1.6497.
Environmental Geochemistry of Iron and Manganese in Six Himalayan Lakes
Authors: Kango R. A. , Dubey K. P. , Zutshi D. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution and abundance of iron and manganese, the two important mobile metals, in an aquatic environment have been presented. These metals play an important role in the binding of nutrients and toxic elements by virtue of their high specific area in the oxide form. The concentration of Fe ranged from 1.08 to 5.2 mg/g and that of Mn from 0.27 to 2.17 mg/g. The Dal lake sediments were rich in Fe and those of the Wular lake had the lowest mean concentration of Fe. It was observed that the smaller particle size fractions had a higher metal content in comparison to large size fractions. Data on the selective extraction of Fe and Mn and their accumulation in humus material have also been given.
The Structure of the Phytoplankton Community and the Dynamics of its Biomass in the Lake Jaisamand, Rajasthan
Authors: Rao P. S. , Durve V. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPhytoplankton in the lake Jaisamand consists of 52 taxa, out of which 25 belong to Chlorophyceae, 12 to Bacillariophyceae, 2 to Euglenophyceae, 1 to Xanthophyceae and 12 to Myxophyceae. The highest phytoplankton density occurred in July, i.e. in the beginning of monsoon, and the lowest in November. The dominant Chlorophyceae were Spirogyra elliptica, Closterium and Hydrodictyon. Navicula lanceolata, Pinnularia viridis and Synedra ulna were dominant amongst Diatoms. Xanthophyceae was represented by a single species of the genus Botryococcus and Euglenophyceae by Phacus longicauda and Euglena viridis. The dominant Myxophyceae were Microcystis aeruginosa and M. flosaquae. Under the stratified conditions, the near bottom waters got depleted of phytoplankton. The overall trend in the quality and quantity of phytoplankton indicated that temperature and nutrients had an influence on the rate of plankton production.
An Attempt of the Treatment of Underground Water in an Integrated Multifunctional Plant
Authors: Gomálká E. , Kowalski Z. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy means of an integrated multifunctional experimental pilot plant there were tested several process variants for the treatment of carbonic‐acid‐aggressive and manganese‐enriched model water. Deacidification and oxidation of iron‐ and manganese‐constituents are effected by gas exchange with atmospheric oxygen. The hydrated‐oxide particles formed are held back by two layers of foamed polyurethane and a sand bed lying uppermost. The process of neutralization and oxidation as well as flocculation is accelerated by the use of chalk, lime or soda. The effectiveness of the process technology investigated is illustrated by a table of results of small‐scale experiments with model waters prepared from drinking water.
Anwendung nitratsensitiver Elektroden zur Nitratbestimmung in Grundwässern
Authors: Robowsky K. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy a comparison of methods of the nitrate determination in groundwater the correctness of the values of more than 10 mg/1 nitrate determined with a Nitratsensitrode (VEB Kombinat Keramische Werke Hermsdorf) is proved. In this range of concentrations, the rate of retrieval and the coefficient of variation are about 99.6 % and 2.5 %, respectively. Measured values from samples with less than 10 mg/1 nitrate have a larger error and are recorded as too high.
Modellierung und Simulation des Phytoplanktongehaltes in einem eutrophen Fließgewässer
Authors: Gnauck A. H. , Winkler W. , Groth K. , Komoss F. , Six E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe model structure contains three compartments which are described by single models and are multiplicatively combined into an overall model of the net production of phytoplankton, the sedimentation of algae and the grazing by zooplankton being taken into account as loss quantities. The radiation and nutrients available (N, P, Si) are represented by Fourier models; the same holds for the water temperature. The light and temperature dependence of the growth rate are described by exponential equations, the nutrient dependence is described by the Monod statement. When the half‐saturation constants and the sinking losses of the seasonally prevailing algae groups are taken into account, besides the total net production also the seasonal succession of the biomass of the different algae groups can be simulated realistically.