bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antinuclear antibodies may predict the development of immune-related adverse events in asymptomatic patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: results from a single-center cohort
Authors: Ceccarelli Fulvia , Natalucci Francesco , Picciariello Licia , Cirillo Alessio , Olivieri Giulio , Veroli Margherita , Pisegna Simona , Ciancarella Claudia , Gelibter Alain , Picone Vincenzo , Santini Daniele , Botticelli Andrea , Conti Fabrizio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe aim at investigating the association between subclinical autoimmunity and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in a cohort of patients treated by immune checkpoint inhibitors for solid metastatic cancer. In the context of an oncology/rheumatology outpatient clinic, we evaluated patients treated with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1. Before treatment, each patient underwent a physical evaluation and a blood sample to identify the presence of a set of autoantibodies. Indeed, all the patients were followed during treatment to identify irAEs and to assess the association with autoantibodies. Fifty-one patients (M/F 16/35; median age 70 years, IQR 16.5) were evaluated; 34.8% of patients showed ANA positivity, 6.5% ENA positivity (anti-SSA), 4.3% Ratest positivity, and 2.1% (one patient) ACPA positivity. During a median period of 21 months (IQR 38.75), 39.2% of patients developed irAEs. Musculo-skeletal manifestations, in particular arthritis, were the most frequent. We found a significant association between the positivity for ANA and the development of irAES (p = 0.03, RR 2.01, 95% CI 1.03–3.92). Furthermore, the progression-free survival was significantly longer in patients developing irAEs compared to those who are not experiencing these events (p = 0.007). This study underlines the potential role of ANA positivity as a predictive biomarker for the development of irAEs.
Financial sustainability and automatic balance mechanisms for NDC pension systems with disability benefits
Authors: Levantesi Susanna , Menzietti Massimiliano , Fratoni Lorenzo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe need for Long term care (LTC) service continues to rise due to the increasing number of elderly in the world, which stresses the healthcare systems. As most of the LTC recipients are over age 65, several authors studied retirement products combining a lifetime annuity with a long-term care benefit (typical examples are Enhanced Pension and Life Care Annuity). The development of an integrated strategy may help to address the issue of the cost of care for pensioners affected by disability. In this paper, we contribute to the debate on the introduction of LTC benefits into a notional defined contribution (NDC) pension system by using a multivariate stochastic model to represent the future evolution of transition probabilities and economic variables, which allows investigation of the financial sustainability of the system in a stochastic environment. The presence of LTC adds new risk elements, such as the uncertainty related to disability rates and mortality rates of the disabled, which may jeopardize the financial equilibrium of the integrated system. To restore the system’s equilibrium, we apply two types of automatic balance mechanisms (ABM), one based on the solvency ratio, and the other on the liquidity ratio. Both act on the indexation of pensions and the notional rate.
6Pgdh polymorphism in wild bulb mite populations: prevalence, environmental correlates and life history trade-offs
Authors: Unnikrishnan Pranav , Grzesik Szymon , Trojańska Magdalena , Klimek Beata , Plesnar-Bielak Agata 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGenetic polymorphism in key metabolic genes plays a pivotal role in shaping phenotypes and adapting to varying environments. Polymorphism in the metabolic gene 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6Pgdh) in bulb mites, Rhizoglyphus robini is characterized by two alleles, S and F, that differ by a single amino acid substitution and correlate with male reproductive fitness. The S-bearing males demonstrate a reproductive advantage. Although the S allele rapidly fixes in laboratory settings, the persistence of polymorphic populations in the wild is noteworthy. This study examines the prevalence and stability of 6Pgdh polymorphism in natural populations across Poland, investigating potential environmental influences and seasonal variations. We found widespread 6Pgdh polymorphism in natural populations, with allele frequencies varying across locations and sampling dates but without clear geographical or seasonal clines. This widespread polymorphism and spatio-temporal variability may be attributed to population demography and gene flow between local populations. We found some correlation between soil properties, particularly cation content (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) and 6Pgdh allele frequencies, showcasing the connection between mite physiology and soil characteristics and highlighting the presence of environment-dependent balancing selection. We conducted experimental fitness assays to determine whether the allele providing the advantage in male–male competition has antagonistic effects on life-history traits and if these effects are temperature-dependent. We found that temperature does not differentially influence development time or juvenile survival in different 6Pgdh genotypes. This study reveals the relationship between genetic variation, environmental factors, and reproductive fitness in natural bulb mite populations, shedding light on the dynamic mechanisms governing 6Pgdh polymorphism.
Design and analysis of an adaptive radiation resilient RRAM subsystem for processing systems in satellites
Authors: Reiser Daniel , Chen Junchao , Knödtel Johannes , Baroni Andrea , Krstić Miloš , Reichenbach Marc 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAmong the numerous benefits that novel RRAM devices offer over conventional memory technologies is an inherent resilience to the effects of radiation. Hence, they appear suitable for use as a memory subsystem in a computer architecture for satellites. In addition to memory devices resistant to radiation, the concept of applying protective measures dynamically promises a system with low susceptibility to errors during radiation events, while also ensuring efficient performance in the absence of radiation events. This paper presents the first RRAM-based memory subsystem for satellites with a dynamic response to radiation events. We integrate this subsystem into a computing platform that employs the same dynamic principles for its processing system and implements modules for timely detection and even prediction of radiation events. To determine which protection mechanism is optimal, we examine various approaches and simulate the probability of errors in memory. Additionally, we are studying the impact on the overall system by investigating different software algorithms and their radiation robustness requirements using a fault injection simulation. Finally, we propose a potential implementation of the dynamic RRAM-based memory subsystem that includes different levels of protection and can be used for real applications in satellites.
How the support that students receive during online learning influences their academic performance
Authors: García-Machado Juan José , Martínez Ávila Minerva , Dospinescu Nicoleta , Dospinescu Octavian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent years educational institutions are increasingly using online learning and because of this trend it is necessary to investigate its impact on student academic performance. Although this topic has been addressed in different educational fields before, there is an objective justification for our approach. Thus, the reasoning behind this particular research is the fact that recent findings have shown that the academic performance of students using online education is affected by a series of motivating factors which can have an impact on their performance. The main goal of this paper is to highlight and analyze the mediating effect of intrinsic student motivation and student academic engagement and how they affect the relationship between the range of support, which students receive during their online learning and thus their academic performance. This study was conducted in two higher educational institutions in Mexico and Romania, with a sample of 822 students. The data was analyzed using a second generational PLS-SEM technique. The results confirm that the support students enjoy during online learning has no direct impact on their academic performance, unless it is fully mediated by their own intrinsic motivation and academic engagement. The influence of Gender was also analyzed, but it was not found to be a determining factor of academic performance in both higher educational institutions. These findings not only have theoretical and practical implications for students, teachers and education authorities, they also help us to broaden the field of knowledge in the e-learning environment.
Palmatine Alleviates Particulate Matter-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting Pyroptosis via Activating the Nrf2-Related Pathway
Authors: Zuo Hao , Zhou Wanting , Chen Yijing , Zhou Binqian , Wang Zhengkai , Huang Shuai , Alinejad Tahereh , Chen Chengshui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractParticulate matter (PM) induces and enhances oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to a variety of respiratory diseases, including acute lung injury. Exploring new treatments for PM-induced lung injury has long been of interest to researchers. Palmatine (PAL) is a natural extract derived from plants that has been reported in many studies to alleviate inflammatory diseases. Our study was designed to explore whether PAL can alleviate acute lung injury caused by PM. The acute lung injury model was established by instilling PM (4 mg/kg) into the airway of mice, and PAL (50 mg/kg and 100 m/kg) was administrated orally as the treatment groups. The effect and mechanism of PAL treatment were examined by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, Western Blotting, ELISA, and other experiments. The results showed that oral administration of PAL (50 mg/kg and 100 m/kg) could significantly alleviate lung inflammation and acute lung injury caused by PM. In terms of mechanism, we found that PAL (50 mg/kg) exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-damage effects mainly by enhancing the activation of the Nrf2-related antioxidant pathway and inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3-related pyroptosis pathway in mice. These mechanisms have also been verified in our cell experiments. Further cell experiments showed that PAL may reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by activating Nrf2-related pathways, thereby inhibiting the activation of NLRP3-related pyroptosis pathway induced by PM in Beas-2B cell. Our study suggests that PAL can be a new option for PM-induced acute lung injury.
The Effect of Mindset Interventions on Stress and Academic Motivation in College Students
Authors: Meyer Heidi H. , Stutts Lauren A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStress levels are high among college students in the United States. Growth mindset and stress-is-enhancing mindset interventions offer ways to reduce stress, but minimal research has examined them. This study’s aim was to examine the effect of mindset interventions on mindsets, stress, academic motivation, and responses to hypothetical academic scenarios. Participants included 210 college students who were randomized to one of four groups: growth mindset (intelligence is malleable), stress mindset (stress is beneficial), synergistic (intelligence is malleable, and stress is beneficial), or control (brain functions). The growth mindset and the synergistic mindset group increased in growth mindset, and the growth mindset group had higher growth mindset than the stress mindset and control group post-intervention. The stress mindset and the synergistic group increased in stress-is-enhancing mindset, and both groups had higher stress-is-enhancing mindsets than the growth mindset and control group post-intervention. All groups decreased in stress and increased in academic motivation. The synergistic group was the only group to improve on all the main outcomes, and students in this group were less likely to want to withdraw from a course in both negative hypothetical academic scenarios (if they failed an assignment or were faced with a professor with a fixed mindset). Our findings suggest that students would benefit from increased access to mindset interventions.
Optical soliton solutions of generalized Pochammer Chree equation
Authors: Tarla Sibel , Ali Karmina K. , Günerhan Hatıra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research investigates the utilization of a modified version of the Sardar sub-equation method to discover novel exact solutions for the generalized Pochammer Chree equation. The equation itself represents the propagation of longitudinal deformation waves in an elastic rod. By employing this modified method, we aim to identify previously unknown solutions for the equation under consideration, which can contribute to a deeper understanding of the behavior of deformation waves in elastic rods. The solutions obtained are represented by hyperbolic, trigonometric, exponential functions, dark, dark-bright, periodic, singular, and bright solutions. By selecting suitable values for the physical parameters, the dynamic behaviors of these solutions can be demonstrated. This allows for a comprehensive understanding of how the solutions evolve and behave over time. The effectiveness of these methods in capturing the dynamics of the solutions contributes to our understanding of complex physical phenomena. The study’s findings show how effective the selected approaches are in explaining nonlinear dynamic processes. The findings reveal that the chosen techniques are not only effective but also easily implementable, making them applicable to nonlinear model across various fields, particularly in studying the propagation of longitudinal deformation waves in an elastic rod. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the given model possesses solutions with potentially diverse structures.
Indiscernibility and the grounds of identity
Authors: Elgin Samuel Z. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractI provide a theory of the metaphysical foundations of identity: an account of what grounds facts of the form $$a=b$$

a
=
b

. In particular, I defend the claim that indiscernibility grounds identity. This is typically rejected because it is viciously circular; plausible assumptions about the logic of ground entail that the fact that $$a=b$$

a
=
b

partially grounds itself. The theory I defend is immune to this circularity.
The playing field of empirical facts: on the interrelations between moral and empirical beliefs in reflective equilibrium
Authors: Cordes Manuel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhat exactly is the role of empirical beliefs in moral reflective equilibrium (RE)? And if they have a part to play, can changes in our empirical beliefs effectuate changes in the moral principles we adopt? Conversely, can empirical beliefs be adjusted in light of certain moral convictions? While it is generally accepted that empirical background theory is of importance to the method of wide reflective equilibrium (WRE), this article focuses on a different aspect, namely the role of empirical beliefs that is intrinsic to the coherence relation of moral beliefs in any (narrow or wide) conception of RE. First, it is shown that in the application of RE, empirical beliefs are crucial to the procedure of matching principles to considered judgments. Changes in our empirical beliefs may therefore upset the relevant coherence relation and motivate changes in the moral principles we adopt. This more detailed account of the interplay between empirical and moral beliefs can help evaluate the overall philosophical appeal of RE. Finally, it is argued that, at least in WRE, the relation between empirical and moral beliefs need not be a one-way street, that is, moral convictions can provide us with some epistemic means of adjudicating between competing empirical descriptions of the world.
Determination of lamotrigine in human plasma by HPLC-PDA. Application to forensic samples
Authors: Sánchez-Sellero Inés , Álvarez-Freire Iván , Cabarcos-Fernández Pamela , Janza-Candal Lidia , Tabernero-Duque María Jesús , Bermejo-Barrera Ana María 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Therapeutic drug monitoring of plasma lamotrigine (LTG) has customarily been carried out in order to prevent some its adverse effects. For forensic purposes, determination of LTG in plasma is an useful tool in cases of accidental overdose or suicidal attempts. Currently, there are several analytical methods available including some based on LC tandem mass spectrometry techniques, but simple and accessible LC-UV methods still can be useful for the purpose. Here we report on a new high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of lamotrigine in human plasma which has been developed and validated including selectivity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision and recovery studies.

Methods
Lamotrigine and the internal standard chloramphenicol were extracted from plasma using liquid-liquid extraction using small volumes of buffer and ethylacetate. Detection was monitored at 305.7 and 276.0 nm for lamotrigine and chloramphenicol, respectively.

Results
The method was linear concentration dependence within the range of 0.1–10 µg/ml, with a mean coefficient of correlation r = 0.993. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.04 µg/ml and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.1 µg/ml. Intra and interday precision values were lower than 9.0% at all concentrations studied. The intra and interday accuracy values ranged from − 7.6 to 10.1%. Recovery was found to be 98.9% or higher. The method here described was successfully applied to 11 postmortem blood samples received at the Forensic Sciences Institute of Santiago de Compostela (Spain).

Conclusion
A new HPLC method for the determination of lamotrigine in human plasma was developed and validated. A liquid-liquid extraction using small volumes of buffer and ethylacetate was optimized. The proposed method is suitable for forensic toxicological analysis.
Potential scale of industrial outputs of the bronze bell casting industry in 500 BCE China
Authors: Li Kin Sum , Liu Haiwang , Wilson Keith , Chen Xueqing , Lee Kin San , Fang Qin , Qin Xu , Liu Yu , Chun Tsz Hin , Jiang Haoran 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe potential scale of industrial outputs in the ancient world is often underestimated in current archaeological studies due to the lack of surviving artifacts for validation of the production scale. However, production traces left on extant artifacts can help us reconstruct production methods, and thus reveal the potential scale of production outputs of certain industries, even although there may not be a sufficient number of existing artifacts to demonstrate such volumes. The bronze bell casting industry operating in around 500 BCE in Xinzheng in Henan province, China, can be used as an example to demonstrate the then use by bell casters of the “pattern-block method” to efficiently create multiple bells sharing identical components. With their strong focus on efficiency, production speed, and low production costs, these casters intelligently designed assembly lines and assembled identical components replicated from models to prepare molds for casting. Knowledge of their production methods and currently preserved bells can provide evidence that the bell casting industry produced industrial outputs on a massive scale that was rare in the ancient world. This article also shows how innovative methods such as 3D model superimposition can be used to validate these hypotheses.
Structure and age of ancient walls from the city of Nan, northern Thailand
Authors: Srisunthon Prapawadee , Mueller Daniela , Wilk Jakob , Preusser Frank 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe structure and age of remains of two ancient walls located in the city of Nan, a former part of the Lanna Kingdom in modern northern Thailand, were investigated. The remains differ in appearance with a well-preserved brick wall present at Mahawong Road (MHW), while an earthwork with a brick reinforcement core is found at Phaya Wat Temple (PWT). We employed an electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey and optically stimulated luminescence dating (OSL) to determine the buried structure of the earthwork at the PWT site and the production age of bricks from both locations. The ERT results reveal lateral heterogeneous resistivity domains cross-cutting the wall, which presumably relates to the construction of a dam. According to OSL dating, the PWT wall was likely built during the time of the war with Burma that ultimately resulted in a foreign occupation of Nan in the sixteenth century. This structure played a role in both flood mitigation and military defence of the city. The structure at MHW represents a city wall that was built at the end of the nineteenth century after Nan was relocated to its present position and rather reflects representative and social needs.
A Perceived Risk Index Leveraging Social Media Data: Assessing Severity of Fire on Microblogging
Authors: De Maio Carmen , Fenza Giuseppe , Gallo Mariacristina , Loia Vincenzo , Volpe Alberto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFires represent a significant threat to the environment, infrastructure, and human safety, often spreading rapidly with wide-ranging consequences such as economic losses and life risks. Early detection and swift response to fire outbreaks are crucial to mitigating their impact. While satellite-based monitoring is effective, it may miss brief or indoor fires. This paper introduces a novel Perceived Risk Index (PRI) that, complementing satellite data, leverages social media data to provide insights into the severity of fire events. In the light of the results of statistical analysis, the PRI incorporates the number of fire-related tweets and the associated emotional expressions to gauge the perceived risk. The index’s evaluation involves the development of a comprehensive system that collects, classifies, annotates, and correlates social media posts with satellite data, presenting the findings in an interactive dashboard. Experimental results using diverse datasets of real-fire tweets demonstrate an average best correlation of 77% between PRI and the brightness values of fires detected by satellites. This correlation extends to the real intensity of the corresponding fires, showcasing the potential of social media platforms in furnishing information for emergency response and decision-making. The proposed PRI proves to be a valuable tool for ongoing monitoring efforts, having the potential to capture data on fires missed by satellites. This contributes to the development to more effective strategies for mitigating the environmental, infrastructural, and safety impacts of fire events.
Analysis and optimisation of titanium alloy sandwich structures for thermal protection
Authors: Nieke Philipp , Chopovda Valerie , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Cater John E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The heat transfer through additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V sandwich structures has been investigated by simulating a one-dimensional multi-layer transient problem for heat fluxes up to

$$100\,\, {\hbox {kW}}\,{\hbox {m}}^{-2}$$

100

kW

m

-
2

. A previously published model for graded titanium foam insulation has been adapted, and its performance was validated experimentally for the additively manufactured titanium alloy samples. The optimal solidity distribution to minimise the peak temperature for a transient heat flux has been produced for a given sample mass and total thickness. The optimal distribution consists of three layers: the two outer layers are solid, the middle layer has the lowest possible solidity, and most of the material is distributed furthest from the applied heat flux.