bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of stakeholder in community based tourism (cbt)-based tourist village in Gentungan Village, Gondangrejo Sub District, Karanganyar Regency
Authors: Permatasari P , Winarno J , Wibowo A , Suwarto  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Tourism sector plays a very important role in the community’s economic development. The important aspects in a successful tourist village development are, among others, public participation and collaboration between stakeholders. The sustainability of tourist village needs strategy. This research aims: 1) to describe the condition of Embung Setumpeng tourist object; 2) to analyze the role of stakeholders in managing Embung Setumpeng tourist object; and 3) to formulate the strategy of developing Embung Setumpeng tourist object. This research used a qualitative method with case study approach. This research was carried out in Gentungan Village, Gondangrejo Sub District, Karanganyar Regency. The methods of collecting data used were documentation, observation, and interview. The informants of research included initiators and activists of tourist village, administrators of Tourism-Conscious group (Pokdarwis), administrators of Apem, visitor and sellers. The result shows that: 1) Embung Setumpeng tourist object affects the people and the environment positively but the number of tourists visiting this object decreased due to Covid-19 pandemic 2) the development of Embung Setumpeng needs the roles of community, government, and private; and 3) strategy in developing tourist village includes the improvement of facilities in Embung Setumpeng tourist object, of Pokdarwis members’ capacity, promotion and social network.
Analysis of Indonesia coffee exports competitiveness in the United States and Japan to promote sustainable market
Authors: Nasution S P , Wibowo R P , Supriana T , Iskandarini  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Coffee is one of the main export commodity in Indonesia which has contributed to the foreign exchange. Indonesia is the fourth largest coffee producer in the world after Brazil, Vietnam and Colombia. The aim of this research was to analyze the level of competitiveness of Indonesian coffee exports to the United States and Japan markets. Data sources were obtained from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (BPS), UN Comtrade and Trade MAP. The data used is secondary time series data over a period of 5 years (2018-2022). The research method used Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) to calculate the level of competitiveness of Indonesian coffee exports to the United States and Japan markets. The research results showed that Indonesian coffee has a stronger competitiveness in the United States market compared to the Japanese market. However, when compared with Colombia, Brazil and Guantemala, the value of Indonesian RCA in the United States and Japanese markets is still far behind. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the production for sustainable coffee exports in the United States and Japan markets.
The effect of infrastructure development on increasing farmers’ income of main agricultural commodities in Serdang Bedagai Regency
Authors: Tambunan A U Y , Subhilhar  , Kusmanto H , Ridho H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Improving the quality and quantity of infrastructure leading to agricultural production centers will increase the economic activities of the community. The more stable infrastructure of agricultural centers will facilitate access to the location, more competitive prices, and more guaranteed quality so that it will increase agricultural production and productivity as well as the income and welfare of the community, especially farmers. The contribution of Serdang Bedagai’s agricultural and plantation sectors is so large that it is only natural that the priority of infrastructure development is the construction of roads and bridges to facilitate the mobility of agricultural products. This study was conducted to provide additional perspectives and references on the importance of infrastructure in improving the welfare and income of rice farmers in Serdang Bedagai regency. This study employs quantitative approaches. The investigation took place within Serdang Bedagai Regency, Sumatera Utara Province by distributing questionnaires to respondents, namely 96 farmers. Respondents were farmers representing 17 sub-districts. The findings indicated that infrastructure development positively and significantly influences the income of farmers producing the main commodities in the Serdang Bedagai area. Furthermore, it is shown that road conditions (X) have an impact of 47.4% on the income (Y) of major commodity farmers in the Serdang Bedagai regency.
Farmers’ perception of climate change: A study in Tulung Sub-District, Indonesia
Authors: Hidayah N , Perwithosuci W 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Climate change has been a huge issue. Some studies found that climate change affects many sectors, including agriculture. Meanwhile, not all farmers know that climate change exists, which might affect their agricultural activities. This study explores farmers’ perception of climate change in Tulung Sub-district, Klaten Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The primary data were obtained using a close-ended questionnaire that covers 101 farmers. The results revealed that most farmers are aware of climate change. The 99% of farmers recognize that the air temperature is becoming warmer. Furthermore, 91 respondents answered that the seasons were unpredictable, and 62 respondents had noticed a water irrigation reduction A 79.2% of farmers agreed that crop failure is caused by climate change if there is no early mitigation. Then, 52 respondents stated that the long-term use of chemical pesticides causes environmental damage.
Coupling of surface and volume behaviors to understand the generation of TTS in pure magnesium proceeded by HPT
Authors: Heguib Hayet , Guetteche Youcef 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study analyzes the formation of tribologically transformed structures (TTS) in pure magnesium (Mg) using high-pressure torsion (HPT) processing. Generally, studies conducted in such conditions do not focus on surface behaviors. The correlation between the friction and wear phenomena at the surface and the microstructural changes was investigated to supplement the knowledge on TTS formation during the first stage of rotation. An RHEOS apparatus was used to test the samples with an average grain size of 70 μm under a mean pressure of 1 GPa and a rotation speed of 0.5 rpm. The samples were conducted in an unconstrained setup at room temperature. Surface and microstructure changes were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the focused ion beam (FIB). Observation of surfaces shows that friction between the anvils and the surfaces of the sample was set to satisfy the sticking condition. Three different zones in surface contact are identified: the centre zone, the adhesion/sliding zones, and the edge zone, which generate consequently different behaviors. It was found that 0.5 turns of HPT produced a significant refinement in the grain size of the processed Mg. The TTS were considered a zone with a fine microstructure, where the initial grain size was reduced to the range of 300 nm to 1000 nm. The results show that TTS produced in these conditions are not homogenous. The deformation occurs differently, so the TTS were less or more refined. According to the different observations, a scenario of surface degradation was established. The accommodation mechanisms considered are the rupture and shear modes, which occurred, respectively, in the first material and the third body.
Aerosol jet printed temperature sensors using an environmentally friendly bilayer dielectric
Authors: Tousignant Mathieu N , Tischler Vanessa , Wagner Kaitlin , Lin Zheng Sonia , Brusso Jaclyn , Izquierdo Ricardo , Lessard Benoît H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
With the rise of the internet of things and applications such as smart packaging, the need for low cost, disposable temperature sensors with minimum environmental impact are critical. In this study, we report fully printed capacitive temperature sensors made from bio-degradable dielectric materials. All layers were aerosol jet printed and the areal capacitance was characterized at several temperatures between room temperature (22 ˚C) and 80 °C. Using a bilayer dielectric structure, a layer of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was encapsulated with polycaprolactone (PCL) through interfacial crosslinking to protect it against humidity. Various concentrations and layer amounts of PVA were investigated, with the most effective capacitors consisting of a single layer of PVA deposited from a 5.0 mg ml−1 solution followed by a layer of the UV-crosslink-able PCL deposited from 2.0 mg ml−1 solution, achieving a 43 ± 6% increase in areal capacitance at 80 °C when compared to room temperature, measured at a frequency of 501 Hz.
Intelligent real-time prediction for shield machine position on the basis of BWO-LSTM-GRU
Authors: Xuanyu Liu , Mengting Jiang , Wenshuai Zhang , Yudong Wang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Due to the complexity and variability of shield machine working environment, it is very important to accurately control and regulate the position trajectory of shield machine. For that reason, an intelligent real-time prediction model of shield machine position based on BWO-LSTM-GRU (Beluga whale optimization-Long Short-term Memory-Gated recurrent unit) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the real-time data of shield machine are processed based on Pearson correlation analysis, and the tunneling parameters presenting medium-strong correlation with the position parameters are filtered to obtain, which were used to be input variables for prediction models. Secondly, LSTM-GRU position prediction model was established separately for shield machine position parameters, and four hyperparameters of the model were optimized separately using BWO. Finally, BWO-LSTM-GRU position prediction models are used to realize the intelligent real-time prediction of the motion trajectories at four positions for shield machine. The simulation results indicate that the prediction deviation in the position prediction model is within 3 mm, and it can accurately complete the task of real-time prediction, providing real-time data support for shield machine drivers.
Composite channel 100 nm InP HEMT with ultrathin barrier for millimetre wave applications
Authors: Nandi Soumak , Dubey Shashank Kumar , Kumar Mukesh , Islam Aminul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study introduces a High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) designed for millimeter-wave applications, utilizing a composite channel structure based on InP and InGaAs-InAs-InGaAs. The proposed device incorporates an ultra-thin 2 nm barsrier layer, a distinctive composite channel topology, and a judicious selection of III-V materials. These features collectively contribute to an improved confinement of electrons within the channel, thereby improving the concentration of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), and consequently, enhancing the mobility and speed of the device. The proposed device exhibits a unity current gain frequency (f
T) of 249 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency (f
MAX) of 523.9 GHz, accompanied by a current gain of 67.7 dB at 0.1 GHz. The off-state leakage current is maintained within the nanoampere range, and the minimum noise figure (NF
MIN) is merely 0.76 dB at 10 GHz. A comparative analysis of DC and RF performance, along with an examination of associated parasitic elements, is conducted among various composite channel HEMTs proposed in recent literature. A quantitative justification is provided for the superiority of InGaAs-InAs-InGaAs channel HEMTs, establishing their heightened f
T and f
MAX. The proposed InGaAs-InAs-InGaAs channel HEMTs exhibit 1.4 times improved f
T and f
MAX, coupled with only half the NF
MIN in comparison to their InGaAs-InP-InGaAs channel counterparts. To further comprehend the device’s behavior under varying RF conditions, a frequency-dependent intrinsic Field-Effect Transistor (FET) model is presented. This model facilitates the analysis of the device’s performance and allows the identification of the impact of individual parameters on the overall system.
Breaking the silence: the complex nexus of gender and climate change in Nepal
Authors: Upadhyay Bhawana , Bastola Aditya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Nepal recognizes climate change as a significant threat to its economy, communities, and environment. Climate variability is one of the major causes of food insecurity, poverty, and inequality in the country. Marginalized and vulnerable communities, particularly women, suffer the most severe consequences of climate change. In this paper, we qualitatively analyze primary and secondary data to understand how gender considerations are integrated into agriculture and climate change policies. It aims to identify gaps in integrating gender considerations into policies and practices. Climate change’s challenges on agriculture and food security have been identified in most agricultural policies; however, those policies remain quiet on the gender-specific impacts of climate change. Representation mandates are not sufficiently linked with officials’ overall performance, resulting in limited representation of women in budget formulation, project and program design, planning, and resource and opportunity allocation. As a way forward, our analysis suggests addressing the gaps at the policy and institutional levels. For instance, to effectively address climate change, policies should be developed with a gender-inclusive approach, along with budgetary allocations that consider the gender-specific impact of climate change. Promoting gender equality in climate-resilient agriculture in Nepal requires measures such as empowering women’s networks, establishing linkages with extension services that focus on women-led cooperatives, and investing in affordable and climate-smart tools and machinery that are women-friendly. The study offers important insights for policymakers to create gender-inclusive policies. It highlights the opportunity to coordinate inter-agency responses among stakeholders and sustain ongoing national policy dialogues to identify actions required to meet the nationally determined contributions’ commitments.
State-of-the-art climate models reduce dominant dynamical uncertainty in projections of extreme precipitation
Authors: Ritzhaupt Nicole , Maraun Douglas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Extreme precipitation can lead to severe environmental and economic impacts. Thus, future changes in extreme precipitation and their uncertainties are of major interest. Changes in extreme precipitation can be decomposed into thermodynamic (temperature-related) and dynamic (vertical velocity related) contributions with a scaling approach for extreme precipitation. Applying this approach to the global climate model ensembles CMIP5 and CMIP6, we decompose projection uncertainties of extremes in daily precipitation into uncertainties of thermodynamic and dynamic changes. We analyze regional patterns of the total uncertainties in extreme precipitation projections, as well as the thermodynamic and dynamic contributions to these uncertainties. Total uncertainties relative to the projected multi model mean are dominated by the dynamical contributions, and are large over the tropics and subtropics, but smaller over the high and mid-latitudes. Uncertainties in the thermodynamic contribution are generally small. From CMIP5 to CMIP6, uncertainties in thermodynamic and dynamic changes are slightly reduced in the high and mid-latitudes, while there is a substantial reduction of the uncertainties of the dynamic changes in the tropics and subtropics.
Trends in air toxics cancer risk in Southern California, 1998-2018
Authors: Maestas Melissa May , Epstein Scott A , Schulte Nico , Li Xiang , Zhang Xinqiu , Lee Sang-Mi , Polidori Andrea , Low Jason , Ghosh Jo Kay 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Air toxics are an important category of air pollutants that are known to cause adverse health effects, including increased cancer risk. Regulatory efforts at federal, state, and local levels have aimed to decrease air toxics emissions over the past several decades. This study evaluated trends in air toxics cancer risks in Southern California using data from 1998 to 2018. We estimated air toxics cancer risk for each of four iterations of the South Coast Air Quality Management District’s Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study, which included at least one year of measurements at 10 stations and air toxics modeling for each iteration. Cancer risks were calculated using the measured and modeled air toxics concentrations averaged over a one to two year period and multiplied by the corresponding cancer potency factor and combined exposure factor that accounted for multiple exposure pathways and children’s increased sensitivity to the health effects of air pollution. We examined temporal trends in overall air toxics cancer risks and evaluated changes in the air toxics species that contributed most to cancer risk in the region. Both measurement and modeling results show that air toxics cancer risk in Southern California decreased by more than 80% between 1998 and 2018, including a decrease of about 50% from 2012 to 2018. Diesel particulate matter was the main risk driver, followed by benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and formaldehyde. We found that more densely populated communities showed larger decreases than sparsely populated areas. The substantial decrease in air toxics levels over this 20-year period points to the success of air pollution policies aimed at addressing air toxics emissions and can inform future policy efforts to further reduce air toxics health impacts.
CR embeddings of nilpotent Lie groups
Authors: Cowling M. , Ganji M. , Ottazzi A. , Schmalz G. 
Published: February 2024

In this note we show that a connected, simply connected nilpotent Lie group with an integrable left-invariant complex structure on a generating and suitably complemented subbundle of the tangent bundle admits a Cauchy-Riemann (CR) embedding in complex space defined by polynomials. We also show that a similar conclusion holds on suitable quotients of nilpotent Lie groups. Our results extend the CR embeddings constructed by Naruki [Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci. 6 (1970), pp. 113–187] in 1970. In particular, our generalisation to quotients allows us to see a class of Levi degenerate CR manifolds as quotients of nilpotent Lie groups.
The Dynamics of Rotating Fluids
Authors: Davidson P A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This is a textbook on rotating fluid dynamics, aimed primarily at graduate students in geophysics, applied mathematics, and engineering science. However, it also serves as a reference text for professional researchers in geophysics and related fields. The book combines a deep but broad theoretical foundation with a description and analysis of many of the fascinating examples of rotating flows found in nature. The book is self-contained, starting in Part I with introductory chapters on fluid dynamics and waves. The largest section of the book is Part II, where a broad theoretical framework is developed for rotating flows, including Ekman layers, inertial waves, Taylor columns, Rossby waves, precession, instabilities, rotating convection, vortex breakdown, and rotating turbulence. The book ends, in Part III, with an analysis of some naturally occurring rotating flows, including tornadoes and dust devils, tidal vortices, tropical cyclones, convection in planetary cores, zonal winds in planetary atmospheres, and astrophysical accretion discs.
A Qualitative Introduction to Rotating Fluids
Authors: Davidson P A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a brief overview of the importance of rotating flows in geophysical and astrophysical fluid dynamics, highlighting the role of rotation in tidal vortices, dust devils, tropical cyclones, and in the zonal winds on Jupiter and Saturn. The chapter also discusses how many of the key phenomena in rotating fluid dynamics, such as Ekman pumping, Taylor columns, and inertial waves, can be exposed using simple laboratory experiments. The emphasis throughout is on simple physical ideas, with mathematics taking a backseat. The discussion anticipates many of the phenomena which are exposed in subsequent chapters.
Inertial Waves II
Authors: Davidson P A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Inertial waves can form inertial modes, or standing waves, in closed domains. Such modes can play an important role in planetary cores. This chapter starts by establishing the general properties of inertial modes, before going on to discuss the particularly accessible case of modes in a cylinder. The chapter closes with a discussion of the important practical case of modes in a sphere. The topic of inertial modes in confined domains tends to be rather mathematical, and so quickly extends beyond the scope of this text. However, suggestions for further reading are supplied for the more mathematically inclined reader.
Rotating, Shallow-Water Flow
Authors: Davidson P A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Shallow-water models often provide the minimal description of large-scale motion in an atmosphere or an ocean. This chapter starts out by establishing the governing equations for shallow-water flow, with or without rotation. The focus then turns to the various kinds of wave motion that arise from small-amplitude perturbations to a rotating, shallow-water system. The chapter closes with a discussion of the quasi-geostrophic limit, which is characterized by the appearance of Rossby waves. These Rossby waves may be maintained by topographic effects, or by a latitudinal variation in the component of the earth’s rotation normal to the surface of the earth.
A Glimpse at Rapidly Rotating Turbulence
Authors: Davidson P A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Laboratory experiments of rapidly rotating turbulence show that, shortly after the turbulence is created, columnar eddies aligned with the rotation axis emerge on a fast timescale that is associated with inertial wave propagation. In particular, the columnar vortices elongate along the rotation axis at the group velocity of low-frequency inertial waves. The experimental evidence in support of this statement is reviewed, both for inhomogeneous and homogeneous turbulence, and a physical interpretation for the emergence of columnar eddies is offered. These columnar vortices play an important role in many rotating flows, dominating the dynamics of the large turbulent eddies.
Tornadoes, Dust Devils, and Tidal Vortices
Authors: Davidson P A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Tornadoes, waterspouts (tornadoes over water), dust devils, and tidal vortices are the four most striking examples of columnar vortices that can be found in the atmosphere and in the oceans. This chapter reviews the observational evidence as to the structure of these vortices, while discussing the conditions under which they form. The evidence in support of vortex breakdown in tornadoes and waterspouts is also examined. Despite almost a century of research, these vortices remain poorly understood, with very little in the way of a predictive theory.
Accretion Discs in Astrophysics
Authors: Davidson P A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Accretion discs are those vast swirling discs of gas that form around young and dying stars. They provide the essential mechanism by which mass accretes onto a star, a process that relies crucially on turbulent diffusion within the disc. Those accretion discs that surround young stars are of particular interest as they constitute the breeding ground for planets. This chapter provides an introduction to the classical theory of accretion discs, including the standard α-model, as well as the all-important sources of turbulence within such discs. As with planetary dynamos and the zonal winds of the gas giants, much remains poorly understood.