bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence supporting functional rhinoplasty or nasal valve repair: A 25‐year systematic review
Authors: Rhee John S. , Arganbright Jill M. , McMullin Brian T. , Hannley Maureen 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveTo systematically review the existing literature supporting the efficacy of modern‐day rhinoplasty techniques for treatment of nasal obstruction due to nasal valve compromise.Data SourcesPubMed search of the English‐language literature from January 1982 to August 2007 combined with manual review of citations within article bibliographies.Review MethodsA systematic review of the literature for the targeted objective was conducted. Citations acquired from the targeted search were filtered and primary articles were reviewed to abstract information including interventions and outcome measures. Articles were then assigned level‐of‐evidence grades as defined by the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine.ResultsA total of 861 citations were generated and 291 abstracts were identified as potentially relevant articles. Of these abstracts, 82 articles merited full‐text review. A total of 44 articles met inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies were classified as level 4 evidence, and only two studies met level 2b criteria. There was considerable variation in the quality of the studies within the level 4 category. All articles generally supported the effectiveness of functional rhinoplasty techniques for treatment of nasal obstruction.ConclusionsThere is substantial level 4 evidence to support the efficacy of modern‐day rhinoplasty techniques for treatment of nasal obstruction due to nasal valve collapse. More recent studies have incorporated validated patient‐reported outcome measures, with more rigorous statistical analysis. Future study design improvements include the use of comparison cohorts and incorporating standardized objective outcome measures.
The preventive effect of halofuginone on posterior glottic stenosis in a rabbit model
Authors: Yoon Yeo‐Hoon , Rha Ki‐Sang , Koo Bon Seok , Park Jae Yong , Kim Yong Min , Park Yong Ho 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of halofuginone on posterior glottic stenosis (PGS) in an animal model.Study DesignA randomized, controlled animal study.Subjects and MethodsSixteen male New Zealand White rabbits were used for this study. After the mucosa of posterior glottis was removed for producing PGS, the study group (eight rabbits) was given intraperitoneal halofuginone at 0.1 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks and saline was injected into peritoneum in the control group. At 4 weeks after injury, postsurgical changes of posterior glottis were evaluated by gross and histologic examination.ResultsPGS was induced by the mucosal stripping of the posterior glottis. The halofuginone‐treated group showed less scarring and granulation tissue formation. Also, the degree of synechia was significantly less than that of control group. Histologic analysis showed the decreased fibrosis in the halofuginone‐treated group.ConclusionThis study suggests that halofuginone can be helpful in preventing PGS after laryngeal injury.
Topical budesonide via mucosal atomization device in refractory postoperative chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Kanowitz Seth J. , Batra Pete S. , Citardi Martin J. 
Published: June 2008

BackgroundNebulized budesonide (Pulmicort Respules, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE) provides control of respiratory tract inflammation in asthmatic patients. The Mucosal Atomization Device (MAD; Wolfe‐Tory Medical, Salt Lake City, UT) is a novel sinonasal atomization device.MethodsUncontrolled case series of postoperative patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) who received budesonide via MAD was performed.ResultsA total of 44 patients with a mean age of 53.5 years met inclusion criteria. The average follow‐up was 31.5 weeks (SD 17.55; range, 8 to 80 weeks). Overall, patient and physician global assessments demonstrated moderate to significant improvement. Average daily oral prednisone usage among patients who took systemic steroids (n = 27) was reduced from 7.96 to 1.94 mg/day without relapse of polyps, mucosal edema, and nasal discharge. Prednisone use was reduced to zero in 16 patients and reduced or stabilized in 10 other patients.ConclusionTopical budesonide via MAD may reduce the need for systemic prednisone and improve both physician and patient global assessment scores in postoperative CRS patients. Additional investigation is warranted to exclude placebo effect, spontaneous resolution, and regression to the mean as responsible factors for the reported findings.
Economic, family, and length‐of‐training issues that influence the selection of a clinician‐scientist career path in otolaryngology
Authors: Harris Jeffrey P. , Ariessohn Melanie L. 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveTo understand the reasons for the decrease in clinician‐scientists in otolaryngology.Study DesignAn anonymous survey was prepared that questioned career preparation and personal demographics as well as motive for having done research in medical school. K awardees were also asked for concerns in choosing the clinician‐scientist career path and the obstacles encountered.Subjects and MethodsA survey was conducted of the 2005 National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders otolaryngologist K‐awardees and otolaryngology residents from three research‐oriented U.S. medical schools.ResultsResidents felt that family issues ranked as a primary concern, followed by the time factor necessary to devote to research that would detract from their family and personal life. The K‐awardees' concern also appeared to be family issues; the lack of departmental support ranked second. The K‐awardees expressed that protected research time, a mentor, and departmental support were important to success.ConclusionThis survey found that although young otolaryngologists are interested in research, they are deterred by financial and family constraints and a perceived paucity of departmental support.
Tonsillectomy in Australia: An audit of surgical technique and postoperative care
Authors: MacFarlane Patricia L. , Nasser Simon , Coman William B. , Kiss Gregory , Harris Penelope K. , Carney A. Simon 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveTo assess current tonsillectomy practice among Australian otolaryngologists.Study DesignAn audit based on an anonymous 19‐item postal questionnaire on tonsillectomy technique and perioperative management sent to all Australian otolaryngology specialists.Subjects and MethodsTwo hundred eighty‐four otolaryngologists registered with the Australian Society of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery database were sent the questionnaire.ResultsA 72.5 percent response rate was obtained. Monopolar diathermy was the most common technique for dissection (45%) and hemostasis (54%). Bipolar diathermy was used for hemostasis in 20 percent. Cold‐steel dissection was routinely used by 36 percent, ties were used for hemostasis only by 11 percent of surgeons. The use of local anesthetic, dexamethasone, and postoperative antibiotics was 45 percent, 40 percent, and 20 percent, respectively. Seventy‐six percent of surgeons always observed tonsil patients overnight.ConclusionAustralian surgeons still use monopolar diathermy as their preferred technique for tonsillectomy. Local anesthetic, dexamethasone, and postoperative antibiotics are used infrequently, and fewer than 1:4 surgeons perform day‐case tonsillectomy.
Laser‐assisted stapedotomy with a Nitinol heat‐crimping prosthesis: Outcomes compared with a platinum fluoroplastic prosthesis
Authors: Pudel Eduard I. , Briggs Robert J.S. 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveTo assess the hearing outcomes achieved with a Nitinol heat‐crimping prosthesis when used with a laser‐assisted stapedotomy for otosclerosis.Study DesignProspective assessment of 50 stapedotomies performed in 48 patients. Data collected included audiological results and duration of hospital admission. Outcomes were compared with a previously reported series of 66 stapedotomies performed in 59 patients.SettingTertiary referral center and private practice.ResultsIn the Nitinol group, hearing was improved in all cases (100%). The air‐bone gap (ABG) was closed to within 10 dB in 48 (96%). This group's results are significantly better (P ≥ 0.01) than those of the platinum fluoroplastic group, in whom ABG was within 10 dB in 74 percent.ConclusionLaser‐assisted stapedotomy, under local anesthesia with sedation, using a Nitinol heat‐crimping prosthesis is a safe, well‐tolerated technique with which excellent audiological results can be achieved.
Impact of shoulder complaints after neck dissection on shoulder disability and quality of life
Authors: Stuiver Martijn M. , van Wilgen Cornelis P. , de Boer Erlijn M. , de Goede Cees J. T. , Koolstra Muriel , van Opzeeland Anita , Venema Piet , Sterken Margriet W. , Vincent Andrew , Dijkstra Pieter U. 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveTo explore relationships between shoulder complaints after neck dissection, shoulder disability, and quality of life. To find clinical predictors for mid‐ to long‐term shoulder disability.Study DesignProspective.Patients and MethodsShoulder pain, shoulder mobility, and shoulder droop, as well as scores on shoulder disability questionnaire and RAND‐36 (quality of life), were measured at baseline, discharge (T1), and 4 months postoperatively (T2) on 139 patients admitted for neck dissection to major head and neck centers in the Netherlands.ResultsShoulder mobility was significantly decreased at T1 and did not improve. Significant relationships between shoulder function, shoulder disability score, and RAND‐36 domains were found. Two clusters of clinical symptoms could be identified as independent predictors for shoulder disability.ConclusionsObjective deterioration in shoulder function after neck dissection is associated with perceived shoulder disability and related to physical functioning and bodily pain. Predictors for shoulder disability can be found.
The effects of Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor‐γ agonist on a murine model of experimental allergic rhinitis
Authors: Jeon Eun‐Ju , Lee Seung Kyun , Park Yong‐Soo , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Yum Jin Ho , Park Chan‐Soon 
Published: June 2008

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of rosiglitazone, a synthetic selective peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐γ agonist, for cytokine production and PPAR‐γ expression in nasal mucosa.MethodsMice in allergic rhinitis group received ovalbumin sensitization followed by ovalbumin intranasal challenge. Mice in the rosiglitazone group received rosiglitazone treatment additionally. Various allergic responses were then assessed.ResultsThe frequency of nasal rubs and ovalbumin‐specific immunoglobulin E decreased significantly in the rosiglitazone group compared with the allergic rhinitis group. The rosiglitazone group also showed that inflammation was markedly reduced by rosiglitazone administration. Immunohistochemistry showed that PPAR‐γ protein expression in nasal mucosa was enhanced in the allergic rhinitis group and the rosiglitazone group compared with control mice.ConclusionPPAR‐γ activation with rosiglitazone effectively inhibited allergic symptom development, nasal mucosal inflammation, and production of ovoalbumin‐specific immunoglobulin E and Th2‐type cytokine. Our results provide evidence of the therapeutic potential of PPAR‐γ agonist for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
Baseline laryngeal effects among individuals with dust mite allergy
Authors: Krouse John H. , Dworkin James P. , Carron Michael A. , Stachler Robert J. 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveTo examine baseline effects of perennial allergy on laryngeal appearance, laryngeal function, and perceived vocal handicap among individuals without current allergy or voice symptoms.Data SourcesThis pilot study included 47 adults: 21 with positive and 26 with negative skin test responses for the dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.MethodsSubjects were tested for sensitivity to dust mite antigen by prick testing. Laryngeal appearance and function were studied with laryngovideostroboscopy, acoustic and speech aerodynamic analysis, and voice sampling. These parameters were blindly analyzed by three trained examiners. Subjects also completed the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) as a measure of vocal handicap.ResultsSubjects allergic to dust mites perceived significantly greater vocal handicap on the VHI than did nonallergic subjects. No significant differences were noted between groups in laryngeal appearance or function.ConclusionThese pilot data suggest that, at baseline, allergic individuals perceive greater vocal handicap than their nonallergic counterparts (P = 0.04), even in the absence of current allergy symptoms or observable physical or functional abnormalities. These preliminary observations can serve as an impetus for further research into this important area, including the potential interrelationship between acid reflux disease and allergic laryngeal inflammation.
Adequacy of surgeon‐performed ultrasound‐guided thyroid fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Bhatki Amol M. , Brewer Brad , Robinson‐Smith Toni , Nikiforov Yuri , Steward David L. 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of specimens obtained by a surgeon performing office‐based ultrasound (US)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid nodules.Subjects and MethodsFrom 2003 to 2006, a single surgeon performed 447 consecutive office‐based US‐guided FNABs without on‐site cytological specimen evaluation. Adequate specimens had at least six clusters of follicular cells from at least two separate needle passes.ResultsNon‐diagnostic specimens occurred in 16 of 447 (3.6%) nodules, whereas suboptimal specimens occurred in 17 of 447 (3.8%). Adequate samples were obtained in 413 of 447 (92.6%) of specimens. Malignancy was present in 20 of 447 (4.5%) and atypical features were present in 37 of 447 (8.3%). Benign diagnoses were rendered in 357 of 447 (79.9%) of specimens, of which four of 357 (1.1%) represented false‐negative results.ConclusionPrior publications recommend that obtaining adequate thyroid cytology specimens requires use of US‐guided FNAB and on‐site evaluation of cytology adequacy. This study demonstrates that a combination of experienced US guidance, both capillary and aspiration sampling, and three to four needle passes produce comparable results while conserving costs and resources.
Digital images for postsurgical follow‐up of tympanostomy tubes in remote Alaska
Authors: Kokesh John , Ferguson A. Stewart , Patricoski Chris , Koller Kathryn , Zwack Greg , Provost Ellen , Holck Peter 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveTo determine if video otoscope still images of the tympanic membrane taken in remote clinics are comparable to an in‐person microscopic examination for follow‐up care.DesignComparative concordance, diagnostic reliability.MethodsCommunity health aide/practitioners in remote Alaska imaged 70 ears following tympanostomy tube placement. The patients were then examined in person by two otolaryngologists. Images were later reviewed at 8 and 14 weeks.ResultsIntraprovider concordance for physical examination findings was: “Tube in,” 94 percent‐97 percent (κ = 0.89‐0.94); “Tube patent,” 94 percent −97 percent (κ = 0.89‐0.94); “Drainage,” 90 percent‐96 percent (κ = –0.04‐0.38); “Perforation,” 90 percent −96 percent (κ = 0.61‐0.82); “Granulation,” 97 percent −100 percent (κ = 0.49‐1.0); “Middle ear fluid,” 88 percent −96 percent (κ = 0.28‐0.71); “Retracted,” 83 percent‐91 percent (κ = 0.26‐0.58). These agreement rates are similar to interprovider concordance when two otolaryngologists examine the same patient in person. Intraprovider concordance for diagnoses was 76 percent −80 percent (κ = 0.64‐0.71) and 77 percent −88 percent (κ = 0.66‐0.81) when poor images were excluded. Interprovider diagnostic concordance for the in‐person exam was 89 percent (κ = 0.83).ConclusionVideo‐otoscopy images of the tympanic membrane are comparable to an in‐person examination for assessment and treatment of patients following tympanostomy tubes. Store‐and‐forward telemedicine is an acceptable method of following patients post tympanostomy tube placement.
Impact of newly revised sterile medication compounding guidelines USP (797) on allergy vial preparation
Authors: Lin Sandra Y. , Houser Steven M. , Gross Gary , Aaronson Donald 
Published: June 2008

ObjectivesTo highlight newly revised guidelines on sterile medication compounding released by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP (797)) in December 2007, and the implications on immunotherapy vial preparation.Study Design and MethodsA policy review.ResultsThe newly revised USP chapter on sterile medication guidelines was released December 2007 and becomes effective June 2008. The revised USP (797) now has specific guidelines addressing immunotherapy vial preparation that are a significant change from the previous version. The revised guidelines should be a useful tool for clinicians who are developing and setting office mixing standards.Conclusions/SignificanceOffices preparing immunotherapy vials should consider formalizing and implementing vial preparation guidelines. These guidelines should be based on expert opinion, experience, and scientific literature.
Induction of chondrogenic differentiation in cultured fibroblasts isolated from the inferior turbinate
Authors: Kim Sung Won , Cho Jin Hee , Hong Myung Wha , Rhie Jong‐Won , Yoon He Ro 
Published: June 2008

Objectives:To explore options of cell sources for regeneration of cartilage, turbinate fibroblasts were tested for their differentiation potential when cultured in three‐dimensional scaffolds with growth factors and co‐cultured with septal chondrocytes.MethodsFibroblasts and chondrocytes were seeded on to an alginate sponge in different proportions and were stimulated with TGF‐β1 and IGF‐I. Chondrogenic differentiation of fibroblasts was assessed by histology including immunohistochemical staining, which was examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).ResultsChondroid cells with extracellular matrices occupied the porous structures of alginate sponge and immunolocalizations for type II collagen became prominent at four weeks in culture. Expression of type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA were detected by RT‐PCR. Co‐culture of fibroblasts and chondrocytes showed comparable expansion of cells and extracellular matrix to culture of chondrocytes only.ConclusionThese findings suggest that human turbinate fibroblasts are apparently redirected toward chondrogenic phenotype by in vitro culture system under specific conditions. Co‐culture of turbinate fibroblasts with septal chondrocytes would be an effective method to expand cartilage specific extracellular matrix.
Nasopharyngectomy: Does the approach to the nasopharynx influence survival?
Authors: Vlantis Alexander C , Yu Brian KH , Kam Michael KM , Hung Terry , Lo Phoebe SY , King Ann D , Tong Michael CF , van Hasselt C Andrew 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the approach used to the nasopharynx to perform a salvage nasopharyngectomy for recurrent or residual nasopharyngeal carcinoma influences survival.Study DesignA retrospective case series.Subjects and MethodsEighty patients underwent a nasopharyngectomy via a transpalatal, maxillary swing, or midfacial degloving approach. Local progression‐free, locoregional progression‐free, and overall survival rates were calculated for each approach.ResultsFor the whole group (N = 80), there were no significant differences in the survival rates between the three approaches. For the subgroup of patients with recurrent T1 and T2 tumors (n = 68), the local progression‐free and locoregional progression‐free survival rates were significantly better when a maxillary swing approach was used than when a midfacial degloving approach was used.ConclusionThe maxillary swing approach is associated with significantly better survival rates than the midfacial degloving approach when used to perform a salvage nasopharyngectomy for residual or recurrent T1 and T2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Effects of endoscopic sinus surgery and delivery device on cadaver sinus irrigation
Authors: Harvey Richard J. , Goddard John C. , Wise Sarah K. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveAssess paranasal sinus distribution of topical solutions following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) using various delivery devices.Study DesignExperimental prospective study.Subjects and MethodsTen cadaver sinus systems were irrigated with Gastroview before surgery, after ESS, and after medial maxillectomy. Delivery was via pressurized spray (NasaMist), neti pot (NasaFlo), and squeeze bottle (Sinus Rinse). Scans were performed before and after each delivery with a portable CT machine (Xoran xCAT), and blinded assessments were made for distribution to individual sinuses.ResultsTotal sinus distribution was greater post‐ESS (P < 0.001). Additional distribution was gained with medial maxillectomy (P = 0.02). Influence of delivery device on distribution was significantly higher with neti pot > squeeze bottle > pressurized spray (P < 0.001). Frontal sinus penetration was greatest after surgery (P = 0.001).ConclusionESS greatly enhances the delivery of nasal solutions, regardless of delivery device. Pressurized spray solutions in un‐operated sinuses provide little more than nasal cavity distribution. Use of squeeze bottle/neti pot post‐ESS offers a greatly enhanced ability to deliver solutions to the paranasal sinuses.
Evaluation of acoustic rhinometry in a nasal provocation test with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Kim Young Hyo , Yang Tae Yong , Lee Dong Youl , Ko Kook Jin , Shin Seung Ho , Jang Tae Young 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveThe nasal provocation test is not widely available due to lack of standardized methods and related research. We evaluated the clinical utility of the nasal provocation test using acoustic rhinometry.Study DesignAll patients underwent skin tests and were graded according to severity of reaction.MethodsWe performed nasal provocation tests using acoustic rhinometry in patients with allergic rhinitis from January 2003 to December 2006. A total of 836 patients participated in our study. The mean age was 36 years and the male:female ratio was 5:4.ResultsThe mean nasal volume was 10.86 cm3 and the mean minimal cross‐sectional area (MCA) was 0.66 cm3 before the study. Relationship between the severity of the reaction and change in mean nasal volume and MCA was statistically significant. The relationship between the severity of the reaction against the antigen and the severity of clinical symptoms was also statistically significant.ConclusionThe nasal provocation test can be helpful in evaluating the severity of allergic rhinitis. However, we must be careful in interpreting the results alone.
Electrical stimulation facilitates rat facial nerve recovery from a crush injury
Authors: Lal Devyani , Hetzler Laura T. , Sharma Nijee , Wurster Robert D. , Marzo Sam J. , Jones Kathryn J. , Foecking Eileen M. 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveTo study the effect of electrical stimulation on accelerating facial nerve functional recovery from a crush injury in the rat model.Study DesignExperimental.MethodThe main trunk of the right facial nerve was crushed just distal to the stylomastoid foramen, causing right‐sided facial paralysis in 17 Sprague‐Dawley rats. An electrode apparatus was implanted in all rats. Nine rats underwent electrical stimulation and eight were sham stimulated until complete facial nerve recovery. Facial nerve function was assessed daily by grading eyeblink reflex, vibrissae orientation, and vibrissae movement.ResultsAn electrical stimulation model of the rat facial nerve following axotomy was established. The semi‐eyeblink returned significantly earlier (3.71 + 0.97 vs 9.57 + 1.86 days post axotomy) in stimulated rats (P= 0.008). Stimulated rats also recovered all functions earlier, and showed less variability in recovery time.ConclusionElectrical stimulation initiates and accelerates facial nerve recovery in the rat model as it significantly reduces recovery time for the semi‐eyeblink reflex, a marker of early recovery. It also hastens recovery of other functions.