bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights and Trends in Diabetes Education
Authors: Lenzi Martin Annette , Lumber Terry , Compton Terry , Ernst Kristina , Haas Linda , Regan-Klich Janet , Letassy Nancy , McKnight Karen A. , Nelson Joseph B. , Seley Jane Jeffrie , Toth Judith A. , Mensing Carole 
Published: December 2008

Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe current diabetes education practice and specific interventions and responsibilities of diabetes educators in the United States. Methods The 2008 National Practice Survey (NPS) instrument consisted of 53 items addressing diabetes education program structure, processes and interventions, outcomes and quality improvement activities, and the chronic care model. The survey was hosted online for American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) members. Participants totaled 2447 members, constituting a 25% return rate. Data from the 2008 NPS were analyzed and compared with results from previous surveys. Results Nearly two-thirds of respondents in 2008 provided diabetes education in a single location, most commonly in a clinical outpatient/managed care setting (39%). Most programs provided comprehensive services. Managers noted that 42% of their programs were either cost/revenue neutral or profitable. Programs varied in types of services, number of patient visits, team member functions, time spent on services, and instructional methods used. At least 50% of managers said their programs report outcome data, and 88% participate in quality/performance improvement activities. Nearly two-thirds of respondents were unfamiliar with the AADE-adopted chronic care model. Conclusions Many 2008 NPS results concur with those obtained in 2005 through 2007. Areas of variability among programs suggest a need for standardized interventions and prac- tice guidelines. Educators are encouraged to report out- comes to elucidate the contributions of their programs to patient care. AADE can use the results and comparative data obtained from the 2008 survey when developing practice, research, and advocacy activities
The Effects of an Emotional Intelligence Program on the Quality of Life and Well-Being of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yalcin Bektas Murat , Karahan Tevfik Fikret , Ozcelik Muhittin , Igde Fusun Artiran 
Published: December 2008

Purpose The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of an emotional intelligence program on the health-related quality of life and well-being of individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods The BarOn Emotional Intelligence Scale (EQ-I), WHO Well-Being Questionnaire (WHO-WBQ-22), WHO Quality of Life Measure (WHOQOL-Bref), and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) were administered to 184 patients with type 2 diabetes who volunteered to participate. Thirty-six patients with the lowest test scores on the WHO-WBQ-22, WHOQOL-Bref, and SF-36 were randomized into study and control groups (18 patients each). A 12-week emotional intelligence program was administered to the study group. At the end of the program, scales were readministered to both groups and again at 3 and 6 months. Results There were no differences between the quality of life, well-being, and emotional intelligence levels of the study and control groups before the commencement of the program ( P > .05). At the conclusion of the program, quality of life, well-being, and emotional intelligence levels of study group patients increased in comparison with those in the control group (P < .001). The positive effect of the program on study groups' quality of life, wellbeing, and emotional intelligence persisted at the 3- and 6-month follow-up. Conclusion The emotional intelligence program may have positive effects on quality of life and well-being of individuals with type 2 diabetes.
MORAL COMPETITION AND THE THRILL OF THE SPECTACULAR
Authors: Green Nile 
Published: December 2008

At 10:15 on the night of 31 May 1903, the D–block of the recently completed Sita Ram Building in Bombay suddenly came down with a crash. Most of the building was unoccupied, but on the ground floor was a saloon bar, which over the past months had done a brisk trade with British soldiers and sailors. The customers of this bar comprised most of the dead and injured when the building collapsed. Since the bar stood across the road from the tomb of a Muslim saint, rumours spread that the disaster was the direct result of the insult to the holy man and implicitly of the transgression of Muslim space by the combined efforts of the Hindu bar–owner and his bibulous patrons. This short essay explores the moral tensions that found expression with the collapse of the Sita Ram Building through a comparison of its reportage in an English–language newspaper and an Urdu hagiography of the offended saint. At the same time, it draws attention to the neglected importance of colonial Bombay as a prime location of the early Muslim experience of globalising modernity.
Ab-origin: an enhanced tool to identify the sourcing gene segments in germline for rearranged antibodies
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Wu Di , Zheng Siyuan , Sun Jing , Tao Lin , Li Yixue , Cao Zhiwei 
Published: December 2008

Abstract

Background
In the adaptive immune system, variable regions of immunoglobulin (IG) are encoded by random recombination of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments in the germline. Partitioning the functional antibody sequences to their sourcing germline gene segments is vital not only for understanding antibody maturation but also for promoting the potential engineering of the therapeutic antibodies. To date, several tools have been developed to perform such "trace-back" calculations. Yet, the predicting ability and processing volume of those tools vary significantly for different sets of data. Moreover, none of them give a confidence for immunoglobulin heavy diversity (IGHD) identification. Developing fast, efficient and enhanced tools is always needed with the booming of immunological data.

Results
Here, a program named Ab-origin is presented. It is designed by batch query against germline databases based on empirical knowledge, optimized scoring scheme and appropriate parameters. Special efforts have been paid to improve the identification accuracy of the short and volatile region, IGHD. In particular, a threshold score for certain sensitivity and specificity is provided to give the confidence level of the IGHD identification.

Conclusion
When evaluated using different sets of both simulated data and experimental data, Ab-origin outperformed all the other five popular tools in terms of prediction accuracy. The features of batch query and confidence indication of IGHD identification would provide extra help to users. The program is freely available at http://mpsq.biosino.org/ab-origin/supplementary.html.
An Integrated Korean Biodiversity and Genetic Information Retrieval System
Authors: Lim Jeongheui , Bhak Jong , Oh Hee-Mock , Kim Chang-Bae , Park Yong-Ha , Paek Woon Kee 
Published: December 2008

Abstract

Background
On-line biodiversity information databases are growing quickly and being integrated into general bioinformatics systems due to the advances of fast gene sequencing technologies and the Internet. These can reduce the cost and effort of performing biodiversity surveys and genetic searches, which allows scientists to spend more time researching and less time collecting and maintaining data. This will cause an increased rate of knowledge build-up and improve conservations. The biodiversity databases in Korea have been scattered among several institutes and local natural history museums with incompatible data types. Therefore, a comprehensive database and a nation wide web portal for biodiversity information is necessary in order to integrate diverse information resources, including molecular and genomic databases.

Results
The Korean Natural History Research Information System (NARIS) was built and serviced as the central biodiversity information system to collect and integrate the biodiversity data of various institutes and natural history museums in Korea. This database aims to be an integrated resource that contains additional biological information, such as genome sequences and molecular level diversity. Currently, twelve institutes and museums in Korea are integrated by the DiGIR (Distributed Generic Information Retrieval) protocol, with Darwin Core2.0 format as its metadata standard for data exchange. Data quality control and statistical analysis functions have been implemented. In particular, integrating molecular and genetic information from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases with NARIS was recently accomplished. NARIS can also be extended to accommodate other institutes abroad, and the whole system can be exported to establish local biodiversity management servers.

Conclusion
A Korean data portal, NARIS, has been developed to efficiently manage and utilize biodiversity data, which includes genetic resources. NARIS aims to be integral in maximizing bio-resource utilization for conservation, management, research, education, industrial applications, and integration with other bioinformation data resources. It can be found at http://www.naris.go.kr.
Characterization of Spinel Zinc Titanium Nitride Oxide as a Visible Light Driven Photocatalyst
Authors: Hisatomi Takashi , Teramura Kentaro , Kubota Jun , Domen Kazunari 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Physical properties of zinc titanium nitride oxides (ZnxTiOyNz) were studied as a novel photocatalytic material with visible light activity. A series of ZnxTiOyNz having a spinel structure were obtained by nitriding an oxide precursor derived from a polymerized complex method under a high-temperature NH3 flow for various durations. The ZnxTiOyNz spinel obtained was metastable because the Zn in the nitride oxide volatilized during the nitridation process. Both Zn and Ti cations of the ZnxTiOyNz spinel were essentially located in the same cation sites as the inverse spinel phase of Zn2TiO4; Zn species at the octahedral sites were volatilized in preference to those at tetrahedral sites. The bandgap energy of the ZnxTiOyNz spinel decreased as the amount of N species was increased, eventually stabilizing at 2.3 eV.
In Situ, Fast-response, Molecular-selective Methods for Measuring Emission Factors of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) into the Atmosphere
Authors: Matsumoto Jun , Misawa Kentaro , Ishiuchi Shun-ichi , Fujii Masaaki 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A sensitive, real-time, and molecular-selective analyzer using a resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometer (REMPI-TOFMS) was combined with the chamber method to measure emission factors of VOCs during painting. Temporal variation of VOC emission was successfully captured on site on a second time scale. Exact and detailed assessment of emission is realized with molecular-dependent characteristics considered.
When Is Uncertainty About Uncertainty Worth Characterizing?
Authors: Cox Louis Anthony , Brown Gerald G. , Pollock Stephen M. 
Published: December 2008

In areas of risk assessment ranging from terrorism to health, safety, and the environment, authoritative guidance urges risk analysts to quantify and display their uncertainties about inputs that significantly affect the results of an analysis, including their uncertainties about subjective probabilities of events. Such “uncertainty characterization” is said to be an important part of fully and honestly informing decision makers about the estimates and uncertainties in analyses that support policy recommendations, enabling them to make better decisions. But is it? Characterization of uncertainties about probabilities often carries zero value of information and accomplishes nothing to improve risk-management decisions. Uncertainties about consequence probabilities are not worth characterizing when final actions must be taken based on information available now. “But there seemed to be no chance of this, so she began looking at everything about her to pass away the time.”—Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland
A simulation of void variation in wood-strand composites during consolidation
Authors: Li Peng , Dai Chunping , Wang Sunguo 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The void variation in a wood-strand composite mat during consolidation was simulated using computer-aided design, finite element analysis, and computer image processing. Compared with prior models, this simulation provided a different and more visual approach to analyzing the mat structure, particularly the void variation during consolidation. The simulated results showed similar trends to the experimental data. The size of voids in the final panel decreased with the panel density and increased with the strand thickness, whereas the relationship between the void size and the strand length was non-linear. The wood-strand density and strand thickness had a much greater effect on the non-linear void variation than the wood strand width and length. The simulated results are beneficial to improve the fundamental understanding of composite processing and performance characteristics.
INFLUENCE OF OESTROGENS ON TSH-THYROID RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Noach E. L. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
1. Oestradiol benzoate in a dosage range of 10-1000 μg. administered daily for a week to castrated male rats enhances the thyroid weight and increases the uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid. There is, however, no clear-cut quantitative relation between dosage of oestrogens and effect on the thyroid. 2. In hypophysectomized rats oestrogens enhance the action of T. S. H. on thyroid weight and radioactive iodine uptake, though, in the absence of T. S. H., they have by themselves no »thyrotrophic« action. The enhancement increases with increasing doses of oestrogens. 3. It is concluded that oestrogens influence the thyroid in two ways, viz. by diminishing the release of T. S. H. by the hypophysis and by sensitizing the thyroid to the effect of T. S. H. 4. The abovementioned conclusion is supported by control experiments, performed in order to eliminate possible objections: a. The transformation of inorganic iodides into organically bound iodine is not inhibited by oestrogens. b. Although oestrogens cause a slight diminution of the urinary iodine excretion, we were able to show that this could not be the only factor responsible for the observed increase in radioiodine uptake in the thyroid. c. Even in vitro isolated thyroids from oestrogen treated rats show a larger uptake of radioiodine from the medium.
THE INFLUENCE OF PROMINAL ON THYROID FUNCTION IN THE RAT
Authors: Schwarz F. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Prominal (methyl-phenyl-ethyl barbituric acid) and other barbituric acid derivatives can depress the basal metabolic rate in hypermetabolism, in normal subjects and in experimental animals. It has been assumed that, particularly in the case of Graves disease, this is caused by an effect on the diencephalic centres controlling thyroid function (Falta & Fenz, 1937). We were interested in this problem because of the variable results obtained in the clinical treatment of thyrotoxicosis and other hypermetabolic conditions with Prominal. Some animal experiments were therefore done in which, much to our surprise Prominal appeared to raise the I131 uptake of the thyroid gland of rats instead of depressing it. This unexpected result led us to further investigation.
Prominal administered for 7 days in a dosage of 15 mg. raised the thyroid uptake of I131 significantly. This was confirmed in three strains of rats. Barbital and phenobarbital appeared to have the same effect as
STUDIES ON SULFATION FACTOR (SF) ACTIVITY OF HUMAN SERUM
Authors: Almqvist Sven 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An improved design of the in vitro bioassay of SF activity in human serum, based on the 35S-uptake of cartilage from hypophysectomized immature rats, has been evaluated. The method is based on a completely randomized block design, each assay statistically evaluable. The elimination of the error among the rats improved the mean precision (λ)rom 0.28 to 0.14. L̄ωas 6.3. The suitability of the design was shown in a series of 157 consecutive assays, in which 10 % had indeterminate confidence limits when P [2266] 0.05. The standard error of 13 replicate assays within one group was ± 1.9%. Six duplicate assays of sera of different SF activities on two groups had a mean difference of 0.09 SF units per ml. The sensitivity of the method was high, [2266] 0.005 units of SF activity, and permitted its application to normal subjects as well as patients with hypopituitarism. The response of the animal strain was stable for at least one year. The limits of the linear range of the dose-response curve with the local reference serum were 35 and 140 μl of serum. The serum factor was stable at −20° C for one year and at +18°C for one week. Although human growth hormone and glutamine in vitro significantly increased the 35S-incorporation, each of them could account for only a small part of the SF activity of normal human serum.
A SIMPLE SHORT ASSAY OF PREGNANT MARES' SERUM GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Santamarina Enrique , Joven Luz Libertad 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Swiss Albino mice, 22-days old, received a single subcutaneous injection of the desired dosage of gonadotrophic hormones, and were autopsied 12 hours later.
In the group of mice treated with 0.25 IU of pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin (PMS), macroscopical observation showed clear evidence of hormonal reaction in 41.7 % of the animals, and a lesser stimulation in 28.8 %. In the group of animals receiving a 0.5 IU of PMS, 52.5 % exhibited marked, and 26.4 %, slight, hormonal reaction. In the group of mice receiving 1 IU of PMS, macroscopical observation showed 84.4 % markedly stimulated and only 11.1 % exhibited slight reaction. Finally, mice treated with 2.5 IU of PMS all exhibited a strong positive reaction. In 12 hours morphological changes occurring in the ovaries and uterus of immature female mice accurately depict hormonal activity of even a fraction of 1 IU of PMS. Quantitative assay is made by checking the weight of ovaries and uterus. Characterization of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) may be obtained by serial histological sections of the injected animals. Three mice should be used for every test.
ASSOCIATION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE ACTIVITY WITH AN ACIDIC PROTEIN FROM SHEEP PITUITARY GLANDS
Authors: Ward Darrell N. , Adams-Mayne Mabelle , Wade Jane 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A fraction possessing luteinizing hormone activity isolated by chromatography on a carboxymethyl cellulose ion exchange column and previously designated LH1 has been studied. The potency of this fraction relative to a reference standard was less when assayed by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method than previously obtained with the ventral prostate assay in hypophysectomized rats. It has been found that the LH1 fraction possesses heterogeneity upon sedimentation in the ultracentrifuge directly after chromatography, thus does not dissociate into other molecules with luteinizing activity with subsequent handling as previous evidence had suggested. The LH1 fraction was shown to arise from association of luteinizing activity with an acidic »combining« protein from the original sheep pituitary glands. Thus the LH1 fraction was a chromatographic artefact and presumably has no physiological significance. The »combinig« protein was analyzed for its amino acid composition to demonstrate the acidic nature of this material.
TESTICULAR GERMINAL DYSGENESIS (MALE TURNER'S SYNDROME)
Authors: Fraccaro M. , Ikkos D. , Lindsten J. , Luft R. , Tillinger K. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case of so-called male Turner's syndrome is reported in a 25 year old patient. Chromosomal studies revealed a normal male karyotype. The sex chromatin pattern was negative. Histological examination of the bilaterally cryptorchid testes showed a picture typical for intraabdominal testes.
Analysis of the published cases of so-called male Turner's syndrome revealed uniform histological changes of the testis in the form of slight to moderate alterations of the tubular walls and absence or immaturity of the cells of the germinal epithelium. The clinical, histological and hormonal findings in this syndrome have been tentatively defined.
The term testicular germinal dysgenesis is suggested as more appropriate for this syndrome than the commonly used name of male Turner's syndrome.
CHANGES IN THE METABOLISM OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS IN THE VARIOUS PHASES OF ACROMEGALY AND FOLLOWING THE IMPLANTATION OF THE PITUITARY GLAND WITH 90Y
Authors: Molinatti G. M. , Camanni F. , Losana O. , Olivetti M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A study of calcium and phosphorus metabolism has been carried out on 13 acromegalic patients, in various stages of the disease. This study was repeated in nine patients following implantation of the pituitary gland with 90Y and in another two patients after deep X-ray therapy and suction removal of a pituitary adenoma respectively.
Increased urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion was found in all the patients in whom the disease was in an active phase of evolution. The calcium tolerance test revealed a marked decrease of calcium retention in certain subjects, while in others, calcium retention was found to be increased. Such changes were not found in patients in whom the disease was in a quiescent phase. The blood calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were found to be either normal or slightly increased.
The implantation of the pituitary gland with 90Y and deep X-ray therapy induced a marked decrease of hypercalciuria, both spontaneous and induced, and of hyperphosphaturia, together with a definite improvement, of the clinical picture and glucose metabolism. It is concluded that the changes in calcium and phosphorus metabolism described above depend either directly or indirectly on a pituitary factor. They may therefore prove a reliable index for assessing pituitary growth hormone activity.
METABOLIC DEFECTS OF THYROID HORMONE SYNTHESIS IN A CASE OF INFANTILISM WITHOUT CLINICAL EVIDENCE OF THYROID PATHOLOGY (THYROGENIC INFANTILISM)
Authors: Leszynsky Hannah E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Biochemical investigations in a 19-year old male with »thyrogenic infantilism« are reported. The patient presented severe developmental defects which, notwithstanding the absence of clinical or laboratory signs of thyroid pathology, dramatically responded to thyroid therapy.
Studies were made to determine whether there was a metabolic defect of thyroid hormone synthesis. Serial determinations of thyroidal 131I uptake during 96 hours gave normal results. The serum protein bound 127iodine as well as the serum trichloracetic acid precipitable 131iodine were in the normal range. There was evidence of early formation of butanol insoluble iodine which remained more or less constant at around 24 % of the endogenously labelled iodinated serum compounds after 24 hours. In addition to comparatively small quantities of iodothyronines, inorganic iodide and iodotyrosines were identified by chromatographic separation of the labelled iodine compounds of serum.
The patient apparently suffers from a congenital biochemical disturbance of thyroid hormone synthesis which is characterized by the early formation and release into the circulation of biologically inactive iodoprotein and iodinated amino acids. The significance of this abnormality in relation to previously recorded findings in this case and in other cases with congenital defects of hormone synthesis is discussed. It is proposed to classify the underlying pathogenetic defect of thyrogenic infantilism as an »inborn error of metabolism«.