bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clinical and electromyographic study of the long‐term effects of an occlusal splint on the temporal and masseter muscles in patients with functional disorders and nocturnal bruxism
Authors: SHEIKHOLESLAM A. , HOLMGREN K. , RIISE C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe postural activity of the temporal and masseter muscles in thirty‐one patients with signs and symptoms of functional disorders were studied: before, during and after 3–6 months of occlusal splint therapy. The fluctuating signs and symptoms, as well as the postural activity of the temporal and masseter muscles were significantly reduced after treatment. Further, the coefficients of correlation within pairs of postural activity of the right and left muscles increased significantly. After cessation of the splint therapy the signs and symptoms recurred to the pre‐treatment level within 1–4 weeks in about 80% of the patients. The results indicate that an occlusal splint can eliminate or diminish signs and symptoms of functional disorders and re‐establish symmetric and reduced postural activity in the temporal and masseter muscles, which can facilitate procedures, such as functional analysis and occlusal adjustment.
Excitatory response of jaw elevators associated with sudden discomfort during chewing
Authors: STOHLER C. S. , ASH M. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAbnormalities associated with the chewing contraction of the masseteric and anterior temporal muscles were evaluated in patients who sensed pain in the area of the temporomandibular joint during mandibular movement. The patients were instructed in the use of an electronic switch to mark any event of discomfort/pain during natural chewing. Individual stimulus to response reaction‐times were determined. The electromyographic pattern of the jaw elevators was quantified by root mean square (r.m.s.) peak voltage and contraction time. The statistical analysis of group data showed significantly prolonged contraction times and greater r.m.s. amplitudes for chewing cycles with, compared to cycles without, indication of pain. Also, individual data showed statistically significant differences between painful and non‐painful cycles in some cases. It is concluded, that the conscious perception of nociception during the closing phase of chewing is associated with an excitatory response of jaw elevators.
Analysis of salivary proteins by thin layer sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Authors: SHIBA A. , SHIBA K. S. , SUZUKI K. 
Published: June 2007

SummarySamples of the whole, parotid, submandibular and palatine salivas and serum, all collected from the same human subject, were developed by simultaneous electrophoresis on a single SDS thin layer gel plate, and simple proteins, glycoproteins and sialoglycoproteins in the samples were isolated and analysed.Simultaneous electrophoresis of the salivas and serum showed the presence of thirty‐four protein bands in serum, twenty‐two bands in whole saliva, sixteen bands in parotid saliva, nineteen bands in submandibular saliva and ten bands in palatine saliva. Glycoprotein bands in the isolating gel zone presented five bands in whole saliva, four bands in submandibular saliva, three bands in parotid saliva and no band in palatine saliva. Palatine saliva, however, showed a single clear band in the concentrating gel zone. Palatine saliva showed only one sialoglycoprotein band in the concentrating gel zone.
Noise level evaluation of dental handpieces
Authors: MUELLER H. J. , SABRI Z. I. , SUCHAK A. J. , McGILL S. , STANFORD J. W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryWe evaluated the noise level of fourteen air‐driven handpieces, six low speed (less than 20,000 rev/min) and eight high speed (greater than 160,000 rev/min), with respect to a three‐directional co‐ordinate system and distances of 6, 12 and 18 in. in each chosen direction. A two‐way analysis of variance of the noise level between handpieces and positions indicates that large significant differences exist amongst handpieces and in different positions, and that interaction is just barely significant. The ranking and least significant differences for the mean of all handpieces v. position and for the mean of all positions v. handpiece were compared with the results for the ranking and significances from the one‐way ANOVAS for each handpiece v. position and for each position v. handpiece.A trend exists with some of the handpieces of straight design (all low speed) for increased noise levels in a direction perpendicular to the handpieces and decreased levels in a direction parallel to the handpieces. For handpieces of angled design (all high speed) both directions parallel and perpendicular (the perpendicular to the longitudinal turbine axis) to the rotor axis indicate increased noise levels. The parallel direction includes the exiting air from the exhaust port. The perpendicular direction can be indicative of an aerodynamic factor associated with the established air flow patterns. The extremes in noise level were 56.8 dBA for a low‐speed handpiece of straight design at the 18 in. distance in a direction parallel to the handpiece, and 87.3 dBA for a high speed handpiece at the 6 in. distance in a perpendicular direction.
Effects of occlusal adjustment on the periodontal condition and on the symptoms of masticatory dysfunction in patients treated with fixed prosthesis–a one‐year follow‐up study
Authors: ETTALA‐YLITALO U.‐M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA total of fifty‐nine patients treated with a fixed prosthesis 4 years previously were recalled for a clinical and radiological examination. The subjects studied consisted of two groups: in group A the teeth of the patients with TMJ symptoms were selectively ground, whereas no grinding was performed in group B.At the first examination, occlusal interferences were found in 43.0% of the crowns and in 29.0% of pontics in group A before occlusal adjustment. At the second examination 1 year later, the percentage of occlusal interferences was decreased in this group (33.0% of the crowns and 25.8% in the pontics). In group B no changes in occlusal interferences were found after the 1‐year follow‐up period.The results of the investigation suggested that the frequency of interferences related to occlusal adjustment is important and the effect of occlusal adjustment to periodontal condition and TMJ symptoms is beneficial.
The effect of partial denture design on abutment tooth and saddle movement
Authors: FEINGOLD G. M. , GRANT A. A. , JOHNSON W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA laboratory investigation designed to simulate the effect of loads applied to a free‐end saddle partial denture was carried out. Abutment tooth and also saddle movement were monitored using a photogrammetric method. Loads applied to the denture saddle were transmitted through the occlusal rest and also the clasp components causing movement of both denture saddle and the abutment tooth. The direction of abutment tooth movement was towards the mesial, whether the occlusal rest was situated on the mesial or distal aspect of the tooth crown. It was also evident that the design of the clasp unit used affects the magnitude and direction of abutment tooth movement.
A clinical evaluation of fixed bridges, 10 years following insertion
Authors: KARLSSON S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn this long‐term clinical study, the condition of extensive fixed bridges was investigated 10 years after cementation. From the records of the Swedish Insurance System (Gothenburg branch) the individuals were randomly selected. All restorative treatment had been performed by private general practitioners. The investigation comprised a total of 238 bridges making 1606 units, 944 abutment and 662 pontics. Seven bridges had been removed and in a further nine cases the bridge had been separated and units removed. Loose retainers were detected at thirty (3%) abutments. In 14.5% of the surfaces a deficiency in marginal adaptation was found. An open margin seemed to be the most serious defect and was often related to caries in contact with the margin of the crown. Caries and fillings in relation to the margin were detected in 8.1% of the surfaces. Porcelain bonded to gold restorations were significantly more often overcontoured in the interproximal space compared with acrylic resin veneer gold bridges. In the investigation the caries status has been also thoroughly reported. Abutment teeth, presumed to be vital, had a prevalence of 10% radiographically visible periapical lesions. Finally, 93.3% of the bridges cemented 10 years prior to the investigation were still in function without any parts being removed.
Electromyographic screening of myogenous and arthrogenous TMJ dysfunction patients
Authors: NAEIJE M. , HANSSON T. L. 
Published: June 2007

SummarySixty patients, clinically examined for TMJ dysfunction, were also electromyographically screened. The TMJ dysfunction pain in forty patients was evaluated to be mainly of a myogenous origin and in fourteen patients of a mainly arthrogenous origin. Due to lack of findings in the clinical examination six patients were not to be classified into either of the two groups. They were excluded from the EMG study. For the EMG examination the patients were asked to clench for 30 s in the intercuspal position at 50% of the maximum EMG activity of the masseter muscles. Surface electromyograms of the right and the left masseter and anterior part of the temporalis muscles were monitored. The amplitude of the EMG signal, the duration of the silent period and the changes in the frequency composition of the signal during the 30 s contraction were analysed.Statistically significant differences between the two patient groups were found in EMG amplitude and in silent period duration. However, the difference in silent period duration was due to the dependency of the silent period on the activation level of the muscle. No statistically significant difference in silent period was found when this dependency was corrected for in the data. The EMG parameters related to muscular fatigue phenomena did not show any difference between the two groups.The difference in EMG amplitude and consequently the difference in silent period duration support the clinically made distinction into mainly a myogenous or mainly an arthrogenous origin of TMJ dysfunction pain.
Occlusal force pattern during chewing and biting in dentitions restored with fixed bridges of cross‐arch extension
Authors: LUNDGREN D. , LAURELL L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe pattern of axially directed occlusal forces, i.e. magnitude, distribution, duration and frequency of occlusal forces perpendicular to the occlusal plane, was studied during chewing, swallowing and biting in twelve subjects whose dentitions were periodontally treated and prosthetically restored with fixed, cross‐arch bridges whose periodontal support included bilateral end abutments.The measuring devices consisted of four strain gauge transducers bilaterally mounted into pontics of maxillary bridges to represent the posterior and anterior regions. The forces could thus be studied in various parts of as well as over the entire dentition simultaneously.All subjects exhibited a rhythmic chewing pattern with preference of one side as chewing side.
Adaptation of eight modern dental amalgams to walls of Class I cavity preparations
Authors: SYMONS A. L. , WING G. , HEWITT G. H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAn in vitro study was conducted in which a range of amalgam alloys was condensed into Class I cavity preparations. The force of condensation and increment size were varied to determine the effect of these operator variables on the adaptation, of the alloys investigated, to the prepared cavity walls. Specimens were sectioned, metallographically polished and examined using light and scanning electron microscopes. For each specimen ten random points on the pulpal and both vertical walls were selected to measure the adaptation of the amalgam to the tooth structure.For the Class I cavity preparation the adaptation of all alloys to the vertical walls was better than the adaptation to the pulpal walls. The overall adaptabilty of the alloy did not appear to be determined by the particle size, shape or composition. Condensation force was the most important factor in influencing adaptation of amalgam to the cavity walls. Heavy condensation forces produced better adaptation for all alloys particularly when condensing small increments.
Denture identification—a simple approach
Authors: HEATH J. R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn order to find a denture identification method that could be rapidly applied to completed dentures, a variety of spirit pens and commercial and experimental sealants were investigated. The pens were generally rapidly removed by one or more abrasive, denture cleansing, antiseptic or mouthwash agent; the sealants exhibited greater longevity. An experimental sealant (acrylic polymer dissolved in chloroform) was found to be cheap, readily prepared, easily applied, very resistant to abrasion, unaffected by immersion denture cleansers, antiseptics and mouthwashes, to produce no more crazing on dentures than the other sealants investigated, and not to affect the transverse strength of acrylic resin.
The use of computed tomography in the detection of radiolucent denture base material in the chest
Authors: NEWTON J.P. , ABEL R.W. , LLOYD C.H. , YEMM R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryWith the introduction of acrylic resin denture base materials to the dental profession, radiolucency was recognized as a significant deficiency at an early stage. Continuous research into the production of a radiopaque material has been directed at including radiopaque glasses, salts or metals powders in an otherwise radiolucent polymer. However, the majority of new dentures are still made in radiolucent material which is notoriously difficult to locate by conventional radiography and reports continue to appear relating to the inhalation or ingestion of dentures (or fragments of them), occasionally leading to the death of the patient.Advances in radiographic techniques and equipment have seen the development of computed tomography (CT). This has proved invaluable as a diagnostic aid for disease and therapy but little attention appears to have been given to the use of this sophisticated technique in the detection of foreign bodies, in particular those of dental origin. This study investigates the use of CT in the detection of radiolucent denture base material. The results suggest that CT has substantial advantages over conventional radiography in the detection of this material and should be considered as a valuable diagnostic aid in those patients thought to have inhaled dentures or fragments of dentures.
A new technique for measuring the radiopacity of natural tooth substance and restorative materials
Authors: WILLIAMS J. A. , BILLINGTON R. W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA technique was developed which utilized a visible‐light spectrophotometer to measure the transmission of light through a radiograph. This was used to compare readings produced by an aluminium step‐wedge and the material of which radiopacity was under investigation. This enabled the radiopacity of the material, be it tooth substance or restorative material, to be measured accurately. The radiopacity, on average, of fresh enamel was found to be 2.1 mm Al/1 mm enamel and that of dentine to be equivalent to 1.0mm Al/1 mm dentine.
Differences between sexes in maximum jaw opening when corrected to body size
Authors: PULLINGER A. G. , LIU SHU‐PAO , LOW G. , TAY D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAccording to linear interincisal measurements, women have a smaller maximum jaw opening than men. In this study the difference was 2.7%. In contrast, epidemiological surveys indicate that woman have a greater mobility of joints and generally more joint laxity.Covariate analysis was used to test for the difference between sexes in mean maximum passive opening adjusted according to group mean differences in other parameters of body size. The net result was that the values became more equal between sexes.A second method, employing a geometric estimation for the angle of maximum jaw opening, showed that women had a 5.4% wider range of jaw opening than men (P<0.057). This method avoided the problem of considering relative body size and body factors which generally correlated poorly with maximum opening. It should be noted that an increased range of opening is a measure of hyperextensibility and does not necessarily imply laxity or instability.
Lateral and anterior–posterior mandibular position discrimination by normal subjects
Authors: WILLIAMS W. N. , LAPOINTE L. L. , FAIRCLOTH B. H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis study examined and compared lateral and anterior‐posterior (A‐P) mandibular position discrimination for a group of twenty normal subjects (mean age=26 years). A specially designed and constructed sliding scale required subjects to position their mandible precisely in the horizontal plane and to try to discriminate differences in the control of their mandibular position. The results revealed that subjects are more sensitive in detecting changes in the lateral positioning of their mandible than in the A‐P positions. Subjects' difference limen (DL) values (threshold of discrimination between two positions) in detecting changes in mandibular position to the right of centre was 1.59 mm, and to left of centre was 1.41 mm. Subjects' DL values obtained with the mandible forward, and back of, the reference position were 1.39 and 2.61 mm respectively.
Periodontal conditions with removable complete and partial dentures in the adult population aged 30 years and over
Authors: MARKKANEN H. , LAPPALAINEN R. , HONKALA E. , TUOMINEN R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe periodontal conditions of subjects with different combinations of removable dentures were studied in a representative sample of 8000 subjects, of which 90% were used for the experiment. The number of subjects with removable dentures was 1468. Subjects with removable partial dentures had significantly more pockets and deeper pockets than did those without dentures. The periodontal condition of subjects with a complete denture in the opposite jaw was significantly better than that in other subjects. This was true in both men and women. The results indicated the importance of prophylactic and maintenance care in subjects with removable partial dentures.
A study of the occlusal plane orientation in complete denture construction
Authors: KARKAZIS H. C. , POLYZOIS G. L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA cephalometric study was conducted on eighteen dentulous subjects and fifty‐six complete denture wearers to determine the location of the natural and artificial occlusal planes as related to Camper's plane. The results indicated that both the natural and artificial occlusal planes were not parallel to Camper's plane. However, the final anteroposterior inclination of the artificial occlusal plane in complete dentures was almost the same as the inclination of the natural occlusal plane.
Functional disturbances of the masticatory system related to temporomandibular joint involvement by rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: ETTALA‐YLITALO U.‐M. , SYRJÄNEN S. , HALONEN P. 
Published: June 2007

SummarySeveral theories have been proposed concerning the aetiology of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). To analyse the relationship of radiographic changes to clinical signs and symptoms of TMJ dysfunction, the present study was conducted in subjects highly predisposed to TMJ involvement, i.e. in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the study was to estimate the frequency of disturbances in the masticatory system of RA patients. In addition, the relationship between TMJ abnormalities and the signs and symptoms of dysfunction was investigated.The study consisted of sixty patients with RA and forty control subjects. Asymptomatic subjects were more frequent in the RA group than in the controls. Muscle pain during palpation was recorded in 53.3%, clicking in 53.3%, crepitation in 21.7%, reduced movement capacity of the TMJ in 41.7%, and restricted mouth opening in 31.7% of the RA patients examined. In the control group the most common symptoms and signs were clicking (57.5%), muscle pain during palpation (57.5%) and restricted opening (25.0%).Normal radiographic appearance of the TMJ in RA patients was found in 31.7%. Minor changes comprised 31.7%, moderate changes 21.6%, and severe changes or total loss of the condyle 15.0%. In the control group a normal joint was detected in 87.5%, while minor changes were encountered in 7.5%, and moderate or severe changes only in 5.0%. No relationship was found between Helkimo's anamnestic, clinical or occlusal indices and the severity of the disease graded according the criteria outlined by the American Rheumatism association (ARA). In the ARA group the frequency of signs and symptoms of dysfunction increased with the destructive changes in the TMJ area. In the controls, muscle pain during palpation and clicking sounds in the TMJ were most commonly connected with normal radiographic appearance of the TMJ. In the discriminant analysis the most discriminating factors were crepitation, tenderness to palpation of muscles and movement of TMJ.
Edentulousness—an oral handicap. Patient reactions to treatment with iawbone‐anchored prostheses
Authors: ALBREKTSSON T. , BLOMBERG S. , BRÅNEMARK A. , CARLSSON G. E. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA questionnaire was sent to all 189 edentulous patients with denture adaptation problems who were treated with fixed prostheses on osseointegrated oral implants during the period 1965–1978. One hundred and fifty‐two patients (80%) responded. Practically all had adapted well to the prostheses and were most satisfied with the rehabilitated oral function, including chewing ability. Four out of five patients regarded the bridge as part of their own body instead of a foreign object, and 90% would not hesitate to have the treatment performed again, if necessary. Parallel with the improved oral function the patients reported a definite reduction of psychosocial problems associated with their previous oral invalidity, and increased security and self‐esteem.
The use of panoramic radiographs to measure alveolar bone areas
Authors: WILDING R. J. C. , LEVIN I. , PEPPER R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe purpose of the study was to determine the accuracy of measurements made of the mandible from panoramic radiographs. A comparison was made between measurements made directly from dry mandibles, and measurements made from panoramic radiographs of the same mandibles. The use of linear proportions reduced the errors of successive radiographic observations but failed to reveal left‐ and right‐side differences. A method was developed to demarcate two areas of the radiograph, one of which was defined by the crest of the residual alveloar ridge and the other independent of the alveolar ridge. Both areas were measured and their proportions calculated for each mandible observed. This proportional value was referred to as the Area Index. The method was applied to panoramic radiographs of individuals with complete dentitions. The inter‐observation error of the Area Index was found to be 4·9%. It was concluded that, in selected cases, panoramic radiographs can be used to provide information about resorption of the residual mandibular alveloar bone.