bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systemic Evaluation of the State of Affairs Following the Negative Outcome of the Referendum in Cyprus Using the Structured Dialogic Design Process
Authors: Laouris Yiannis , Michaelides Marios , Damdelen Mustafa , Laouri Romina , Beyatli Derya , Christakis Aleco 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper reports the results of the first of a series of co-laboratories organized by Cypriot peace pioneers 30 months after the negative outcome of the referendum concerning UN General Secretary’s plan for reunification of the island. The purpose of this co-laboratory was to support a diverse group of disengaged and disappointed peace pioneers and activists representing Turkish and Greek communities of Cyprus develop a shared understanding of factors contributing to the perceived widening of the gap between the two divided communities in Cyprus. The co-laboratory was organized using the structured dialogic design process (SDDP) approach within the context of a rich web-based communication environment. The root causes contributing to the widening of the gap are discussed and are also compared with those identified during a similar co-laboratory employing the Interactive Management methodology 12 years earlier.
Photodegradation of Pollutants in Air: Enhanced Properties of Nano-TiO2Prepared by Ultrasound
Authors: Cappelletti Giuseppe , Ardizzone Silvia , Bianchi Claudia L , Gialanella Stefano , Naldoni Alberto , Pirola Carlo , Ragaini Vittorio 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNanocrystalline TiO2samples were prepared by promoting the growth of a sol–gel precursor, in the presence of water, under continuous (CW), or pulsed (PW) ultrasound. All the samples turned out to be made of both anatase and brookite polymorphs. Pulsed US treatments determine an increase in the sample surface area and a decrease of the crystallite size, that is also accompanied by a more ordered crystalline structure and the samples appear to be more regular and can be considered to contain a relatively low concentration of lattice defects. These features result in a lower recombination rate between electrons and holes and, therefore, in a good photocatalytic performance toward the degradation of NOxin air. The continuous mode induces, instead, the formation of surface defects (two components are present in XPS Ti 2p3/2region) and consequently yields the best photocatalyst. The analysis of all the characterization data seems to suggest that the relevant parameter imposing the final features of the oxides is the ultrasound total energypervolume (Etot/V) and not the acoustic intensity or the pulsed/continuous mode.
Theoretical Simulation on the Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes Between Electrodes by AC Dielectrophoresis
Authors: Lu Yang , Chen Changxin , Yang Liu , Zhang Yafei 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The assembly of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using the AC dielectrophoresis technique is studied theoretically. It is found that the comb electrode bears better position control of SWCNTs compared to the parallel electrode. In the assembly, when some SWCNTs bridge the electrode first, they can greatly alter the local electrical field so as to “screen off” later coming SWCNTs, which contributes to the formation of dispersed SWCNT array. The screening distance scales with the gap width of electrodes and the length of SWCNTs, which provides a way to estimate the assembled density of SWCNTs. The influence of thermal noise on SWCNTs alignment is also analyzed in the simulation. It is shown that the status of the array distribution for SWCNTs is decided by the competition between the thermal noise and the AC electric-field strength. This influence of the thermal noise can be suppressed by using higher AC voltage to assemble the SWCNTs.
Habituation and short‐term repeatability of thermal testing in healthy human subjects and patients with chronic non‐neuropathic pain
Authors: Agostinho Claudia Maria Santos , Scherens Andrea , Richter Helmut , Schaub Claudia , Rolke Roman , Treede Rolf‐Detlef , Maier Christoph 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTWe investigated habituation effects during thermal quantitative sensory testing (tQST) using 8 repetitive measurements for thermal detection and pain thresholds. The same measurements were repeated two days later. 39 healthy subjects and 36 patients with chronic non‐neuropathic pain syndromes (migraine, tension‐type headache, non‐radicular back pain) were enrolled. The pain intensity was assessed using an 11‐point (0–10) numerical rating scale.Measurements correlated significantly over the two days in both groups (r=0.41…0.62). Warm detection (WDT) and heat pain threshold (HPT) revealed no significant differences over these days. Cold detection (CDT) and pain thresholds (CPT) showed significant differences but these were small compared to the range of normal variability (CDTΔ −0.28°C; CPTΔ 1.51°C). On both days, WDT showed no habituation during measurements. Although there was a small difference in CDT and CPT between first and second measurement, there was no habituation beyond the second stimuli. In contrast, HPT significantly increased between first and sixth stimuli, indicating pronounced habituation. Average HPT of first to third measurement was significantly lower than HPT of the fourth to sixth assessment (45.9°C; 47.7°C) with a good day‐to‐day repeatability. Repeatability and habituation was identical in both groups. Ongoing pain intensity in the patient groups correlated significantly with CDT/WDT but not with CPT, HPT, indicating that ongoing pain might suppress the sensitivity to non‐painful stimuli. In summary, tQST proved a reliable diagnostic tool for clinical practice. Day‐to‐day differences were small but without clinical relevance. Habituation was most pronounced for HPT, probably due to peripheral fatigue of the receptors.
Advancing Gender Reform in Large-scale Organisations: A New Approach for Practitioners and Researchers
Authors: Connell Raewyn 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Gender is now understood as an inbuilt feature of organisations, and gender equity strategies need to consider organisational processes as a key issue. Researchers lack, however, an effective common framework for understanding them. An approach is suggested, used in a recent study of gender patterns in a group of Australian public sector organisations. This study was based on a multi-dimensional theory of gender relations. The concept of an organisational gender regime is defined, and a four-dimensional model for analysing gender regimes is outlined. Details of the research are given, including a method for documenting and describing the gender regimes of particular worksites, and a strategy of careful and collaborative analysis. Practical suggestions are made for organisations undertaking their own gender research, emphasising a conceptual and collaborative approach to organisational gender research.
Foreign Direct Investment in the PRC: Preferences, Policies and Performance
Authors: Breslin Shaun 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
In establishing an investment policy in post-Mao China, policy was designed to gain the benefits of foreign direct investment (capital inflow, job creation, export growth, and the upgrading of technology and skills) without suffering any of the perceived negative consequences. As a result policy makers attempted to segregate the investment regime, restricting or prohibiting investment where domestic Chinese producers might be vulnerable to international competition, whilst encouraging investment to produce exports and where there was little or no domestic capacity. In the process, considerable autonomy over investment policy was devolved to local governments, which in turn were heavily influenced by the interests of foreign investors in shaping local investment strategies. From the mid-1990s, the policy of shielding domestic producers from competition was challenged from both external actors seeking the creation of a level playing field, and internal actors who questioned the logic of the status quo. But whilst there has been considerable liberalisation, including the extension of forms of investment and ownership (not least as a result of Chinas WTO entry criteria) conceptions of social stability, the potential impact of investment on such social stability, still remain crucial determinants of investment policy.
Structural analysis of fertilization in the fish Brycon orbignyanus
Authors: Ganeco Luciana Nakaghi , Franceschini-Vicentini Irene Bastos , Nakaghi Laura Satiko Okada 
Published: November 2008

SummaryIn the present work, we analyzed the structure of oocytes and fertilized eggs of the piracanjuba fish (Brycon orbignyanus) under light and scanning electron microscopy. After inducing spawning, samples were collected at the moment of oocyte extrusion, when oocytes and semen were mixed (time 0), as well as at 10, 20 and 30 s after mixing, every minute up to 10 min, and then at 15 and 20 min. The oocytes are spherical, translucent and greenish with a mean diameter of 1.3 ± 0.11 mm. During the extrusion, cytoplasmic movement was observed in eggs towards the micropyle, characterizing the animal pole. At the moment of fertilization, the cortical cytoplasm showed a higher concentration of cortical alveoli at the animal pole than at the vegetal pole. The cortical alveoli breakdown promoted the elevation of the chorion with a consequent increase in egg diameter (1.95 ± 0.08 mm). The penetration of the spermatozoon promotes the formation of a fertilization cone of spherical external structure, which obstructs the opening of the micropyle. This structure acts as a main mechanism to avoid polyspermy, intercepting the access of supernumerary spermatozoa. Such studies about the reproductive biology of fish are important to species survival and conservation programmes.
KEPE—a motif frequently superimposed on sumoylation sites in metazoan chromatin proteins and transcription factors
Authors: Diella Francesca , Chabanis Sophie , Luck Katja , Chica Claudia , Ramu Chenna , Nerlov Claus , Gibson Toby J. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Motivation: We noted that the sumoylation site in C/EBP homologues is conserved beyond the canonical consensus sequence for sumoylation. Therefore, we investigated whether this pattern might define a more general protein motif.
Results: We undertook a survey of the human proteome using a regular expression based on the C/EBP motif. This revealed significant enrichment of the motif using different Gene Ontology terms (e.g. ‘transcription’) that pertain to the nucleus. When considering requirements for the motif to be functional (evolutionary conservation, structural accessibility of the motif and proper cell localization of the protein), more than 130 human proteins were retrieved from the UniProt/Swiss-Prot database. These candidates were particularly enriched in transcription factors, including FOS, JUN, Hif-1α, MLL2 and members of the KLF, MAF and NFATC families; chromatin modifiers like CHD-8, HDAC4 and DNA Top1; and the transcriptional regulatory kinases HIPK1 and HIPK2. The KEPEmotif appears to be restricted to the metazoan lineage and has three length variants—short, medium and long—which do not appear to interchange.
Contact: toby.gibson@embl.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ArabidopsisPhosphatidylinositol-4-Monophosphate 5-Kinase 4 Regulates Pollen Tube Growth and Polarity by Modulating Membrane Recycling
Authors: Sousa Eva , Kost Benedikt , Malhó Rui 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPhosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate 5-kinases produce phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] and have been implicated in vesicle trafficking and cytoskeletal rearrangements. Here, we adopted a reverse genetics approach to investigate the function of the Arabidopsis thaliana pollen-expressed gene encoding phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate 5-kinase 4 (PIP5K4). Pollen germination, tube growth, and polarity were significantly impaired in homozygous mutant plants lacking PIP5K4 transcript. In vitro, supplementation with PtdIns(4,5)P2 rescued these phenotypes. In vivo, mutant pollen fertilized ovules, leading to normal seed set and silique length. However, fertilization took longer than in wild-type plants, and the pip5k4 null mutant allele was transmitted through the pollen at a reduced frequency. Analysis of endocytic events using FM1-43 (or FM4-64) suggested a reduction in endocytosis and membrane recycling in pip5k4 null mutant pollen tubes. Imaging of elongating tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pollen tubes transiently transformed with a PIP5K4-green fluorescent protein fusion construct revealed that the protein localized to the plasma membrane, particularly in the subapical region. Overexpression of PIP5K4-GFP delocalized the protein to the apical region of the plasma membrane, perturbed pollen tube growth, and caused apical cell wall thickening. Thus, PIP5K4 plays a crucial role in regulating the polarity of pollen tubes. This study supports a model for membrane secretion and recycling where the apical and subapical regions appear to contain the components required to promote and sustain growth.
The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor IPI‐504 induces apoptosis of AKT‐dependent diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Abramson Jeremy S. , Chen Wen , Juszczynski Przemyslaw , Takahashi Hidenobu , Neuberg Donna , Kutok Jeffery L. , Takeyama Kunihiko , Shipp Margaret A. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryHeat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone that stabilizes critical client proteins in multiple cancers. Gene expression profiling was utilized to characterize HSP90 isoform expression in primary human diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). HSP90 α and β isoforms were differentially expressed in subsets of tumours defined by their transcriptional profiles. Thereafter, we assessed the activity of the HSP90 inhibitor, IPI‐504, in an extensive panel of DLBCL cell lines. IPI‐504, which interacts with the conserved ATP‐binding site in both HSP90 isoforms, inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in the majority of DLBCL cell lines at low micromolar concentrations. IPI‐504‐sensitive cell lines expressed high levels of the HSP90 client protein, pAKT, and exhibited dose‐dependent decreases in pAKT levels following IPI‐504 treatment and significantly reduced proliferation following AKT RNAi. Furthermore, the combination of low‐dose (<1 μmol/l) IPI‐504 and the AKT/Pi3K pathway inhibitor, LY24009, was synergistic in IPI‐504‐sensitive DLBCL cell lines. Low‐dose IPI‐504 was also synergistic with the chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin. The HSP90 inhibitor IPI‐504 warrants further investigation in DLBCL alone and in combination with identified client protein inhibitors and active chemotherapeutic agents.
Regulation of Down Syndrome Critical Region 1 expression by Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells in megakaryocytes
Authors: Kyttälä Satu , Habermann Ivonne , Minami Takashi , Ehninger Gerhard , Kiani Alexander 
Published: November 2008

SummaryAs precursors of platelets, megakaryocytes must fulfil the complex tasks of protein synthesis and platelet assembly. Megakaryocytic dysfunction can lead to neoplastic disorders, such as acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia, an entity with a 500‐fold increased incidence in children with Down syndrome (DS). Down Syndrome Critical Region 1 (DSCR1), a member of the calcipressin family of calcineurin inhibitors, is overexpressed in DS, and destabilization of the calcineurin/Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) pathway by overexpression of DSCR1 has been implicated in some of the pathophysiological features of the disease. The roles of NFAT and DSCR1 in megakaryocyte signalling and gene expression, however, are unknown. In this study, we show that calcineurin and NFAT are components of a calcium‐induced signalling cascade in megakaryocytes. NFAT activation in megakaryocytes was induced by fibrillar collagen type I and was completely sensitive to the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A. We established DSCR1 as a calcium‐induced NFAT target gene in these cells and show that overexpression of DSCR1 in megakaryocytes strongly inhibits NFAT activation as well as NFAT‐dependent expression of the Fas ligand gene (FASLG). These results suggest that DSCR1 acts as an endogenous feedback inhibitor of NFAT signalling in megakaryocytes, and may have implications for megakaryocytic gene expression in DS.
Interleukin (IL)‐3/granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor/IL‐5 receptor alpha and beta chains are preferentially expressed in acute myeloid leukaemias with mutated FMS‐related tyrosine kinase 3 receptor
Authors: Riccioni Roberta , Diverio Daniela , Riti Viviana , Buffolino Sonia , Mariani Gualtiero , Boe Alessandra , Cedrone Michele , Ottone Tiziana , Foà Robin , Testa Ugo 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe common beta chain subunit (βc), also known as CDw131, shared by the interleukin‐3 (IL‐3), granulocytic macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and IL‐5 receptors, is required for high‐affinity ligand binding and signal transduction. The present study explored the expression of CDw131 in 105 de novo cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The levels of CDw131 expression were used to identify two AML subgroups characterized by low (75/105) and high (30/105) expression of this receptor chain. It was observed that (i) the level of CDw131 expression strictly correlated with the level of CD116 (GM‐CSFα receptor chain) and CD123 (IL‐3Rα chain); (ii) AMLs with high CDw131 expression were characterized by low CD34 expression and usually high CD11b, CD14 expression; (iii) AMLs with high CDw131 expression frequently co‐expressed receptors for angiogenic growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor R2, Tie‐2); (iv) AMLs with high CDw131 expression were more cycling than those with low CDw131 expression; (v) AMLs with high CDw131 frequently displayed Feline Murine Sarcoma (FMS‐related) tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) internal tandem duplication and constitutively activated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription‐5 (STAT5). In conclusion, the analysis of the level of CDw131 expression enabled the identification of a subset of AMLs characterized by a high cycling status, the expression of myelo‐monocytic markers, mutated FLT3 and the co‐expression of receptors for angiogenic growth factors. These findings are of value for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these AMLs.
Botany without borders: barcoding in focus
Authors: KANE NOLAN C. , CRONK QUENTIN 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis recent meeting, held on the campus of the University of British Columbia, attracted 1200 delegates and a vast array of talks, but was notable for a remarkable showing of talks and posters on DNA barcoding in plants, spread through many sessions. The Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding defines barcoding as ‘species identification and discovery through the analysis of short, standardized gene regions known as DNA barcodes’. This approach is somewhat controversial in animals (Rubinoff et al., 2006), although it has been shown to be useful and reliable in many metazoan taxa (Meyer & Paulay 2005; Hajibabaei et al., 2007), in which the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene is used. However, in land plants, COI evolves far too slowly to be useful, and there is no obvious single universal alternative (Fazekas et al., 2008). Genes that work well in one taxon may perform poorly in other taxa. Additionally, some perfectly good plant species, reproductively isolated and morphologically and ecologically distinct, are too young to show much sequence divergence at most loci. Nevertheless, as we saw at this conference, progress has been made towards identifying genes that serve many of the functions of DNA barcodes, at least in some plant taxa.
Comparative phylogeography of two seastars and their ectosymbionts within the Coral Triangle
Authors: CRANDALL ERIC D. , JONES M. ELIZABETH , MUÑOZ MARTHA M. , AKINRONBI BOLANLE , ERDMANN MARK V. , BARBER PAUL H. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractRepeated exposure and flooding of the Sunda and Sahul shelves during Pleistocene sea‐level fluctuations is thought to have contributed to the isolation and diversification of sea‐basin populations within the Coral Triangle. This hypothesis has been tested in numerous phylogeographical studies, recovering an assortment of genetic patterns that the authors have generally attributed to differences in larval dispersal capability or adult habitat specificity. This study compares phylogeographical patterns from mitochondrial COI sequences among two co‐distributed seastars that differ in their adult habitat and dispersal ability, and two seastar ectosymbionts that differ in their degree of host specificity. Of these, only the seastar Linckia laevigata displayed a classical pattern of Indian‐Pacific divergence, but with only moderate genetic structure (ΦCT = 0.067). In contrast, the seastar Protoreaster nodosus exhibited strong structure (ΦCT = 0.23) between Teluk Cenderawasih and the remainder of Indonesia, a pattern of regional structure that was echoed in L. laevigata (ΦCT = 0.03) as well as its obligate gastropod parasite Thyca crystallina (ΦCT = 0.04). The generalist commensal shrimp, Periclimenes soror showed little genetic structuring across the Coral Triangle. Despite species‐specific phylogeographical patterns, all four species showed departures from neutrality that are consistent with massive range expansions onto the continental shelves as the sea levels rose, and that date within the Pleistocene epoch. Our results suggest that habitat differences may affect the manner in which species responded to Pleistocene sea‐level fluctuations, shaping contemporary patterns of genetic structure and diversity.
Over‐expression of STP13, a hexose transporter, improves plant growth and nitrogen use in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings
Authors: SCHOFIELD R. A. , BI Y.‐M. , KANT S. , ROTHSTEIN S. J. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTIn Arabidopsis thaliana, the regulation of hexose levels by the large monosaccharide transporter (MST) gene family influences many aspects of plant growth. The cloning and transgenic expression of one family member (STP13) enabled the manipulation of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism in Arabidopsis. Transgenic seedlings constitutively over‐expressing STP13 (STP13OX) had increased rates of glucose uptake, higher endogenous sucrose levels and accumulated more total C and biomass per plant when grown on soil‐less media supplemented with 55 mm glucose and sufficient N (9 mm nitrate). Furthermore, STP13OX seedlings acquired 90% more total N than the Col‐0 seedlings, and had higher levels of expression of the nitrate transporter NRT2.2. In addition, STP13OX seedlings were larger and had higher biomass than Col‐0 seedlings when grown under a limiting N condition (3 mm nitrate). Transgene analysis of STP13 reveals that its gene product is localized to the plasma membrane (PM) in tobacco BY‐2 suspension cells, that it encodes a functional MST in planta, and that the STP13 promoter directs GUS expression to the vasculature and to leaf mesophyll cells. This work highlights the link between C and N metabolism, demonstrating that a plant's N use may be improved by increasing the availability of C.