bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INITIAL EFFECT ON THE THYROID FUNCTION FOLLOWING RADIOLOGICAL DESTRUCTION OF THE HUMAN PITUITARY GLAND
Authors: Notter Gustaf 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following destruction of the human pituitary gland by implantation of 90Y-spheres*, the thyroid function was studied by measuring the radioiodide uptake, the protein-bound radioiodine in the serum (PB131I) and the protein-bound stable iodine in the serum (PBI).
In order to decide whether these changes were specific to the damage of the pituitary gland and not due to operational stress or anaesthetics, they were compared with those patients operated on for head and neck diseases. Measurements of the early uptake of 132I in both groups was slightly decreased during the first 4 postoperative hours and rose after 6 hours. In the controls it remained above the preoperative level during the whole period of observation (7 days). In the »hypophysectomized« group it began to decrease rapidly 3 days after implantation and reached extremely low values.
The PB131I-concentration in »hypophysectomized« patients during the 2nd and 3rd day after implantation was about 4–5 times as high as in the controls, it then diminished quickly, and 11 days after operation was about 7–8 times lower than in the controls.
The PBI-concentration in the serum of the »hypophysectomized« patients showed a greater decrease after 12 days than did that of the controls. The study showed the time-response relationship between disturbance in the TSH production and thyroid function after destruction of the pituitary.
PITUITARY HORMONE PRODUCTION AND RELEASE IN THE THYROIDECTOMIZED RAT AFTER THYROXINE ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Contopoulos A. N. , Koneff A. A. , Jameson J. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Female rats of the Long-Evans strain were thyroidectomized at 35–40 days of age and 56 days later were placed into three groups each receiving injections 1, 2 or 3 μg of thyroxine per day for four days. Uninjected thyroidectomized and normal rats were used as controls. Twenty-four hours after the last injection the pituitaries and plasma were bio-assayed as a measure of pituitary hormone production and secretion. The minimal effective dose in hypophysectomized recipients in terms of whole anterior pituitary, or fraction thereof, are as follows: normal control pituitary – TSH, 1/16; FSH, < 3; ICSH, 1; GH> 1/16; thyroidectomy – TSH, 1/8–1/4; FSH, > 5; ICSH, > 5; GH, 3. Thyroxine administration restored the TSH pituitary content to normal at 1 μg dose, and increased it further at the 2 and 3 μg dose. The pituitary content of GH increased from the post-thyroidectomy levels to near normal levels with increasing doses of thyroxine. The ICSH content of the pituitary was influenced by the administration of thyroxine but no effect was obvious in FSH content. GH was not detectable in plasma of thyroidectomized rats but was present in the plasma of animals receiving 2 or 3 μg of thyroxine. Thyrotrophic hormone content of plasma was decreased after administration of thyroxine. Gonadotrophin was not detected in any plasma. The above changes in hormonal content preceded the reappearance of normal pituitary cytology.
GENERAL ASPECTS OF IODINE METABOLISM IN SPORADIC GOITRE
Authors: de Crombrugghe B. , Beckers C. , De Visscher M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Studies on iodine metabolism were performed in 17 patients with sporadic non-toxic goitre. A group of 11 normal subjects served as control.
These investigations show that goitrous patients are at least iodine deficient: there is a low urinary excretion of stable and radioactive iodine with high thyroid uptake of radioiodine. Various rate constants of the iodide cycle in the body have been calculated. In particular, the concentration of stable iodide in the plasma as well as the pool of inorganic iodine are significantly reduced as compared with controls. The great avidity of the thyroid allowed an equal accumulation of stable iodine per unit of time in goitrous and non-goitrous subjects.
Iodine deficiency undoubtly plays a role in the pathogenesis of sporadic non-toxic goitre in Belgium.
The importance of lack of iodine is discussed in relation to other goitrogenic factors.
THE IN VITRO BIOSYNTHESIS OF 18-HYDROXYCORTICOSTERONE-4-14C BY SLICES OF ZONA GLOMERULOSA OF BEEF ADRENALS AND BY HUMAN ADRENALS
Authors: Sandor Thomas , Lanthier André 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The in vitro steroidogenesis of the zona glomerulosa of beef adrenals and that of human adrenals was investigated. Tissue slices were incubated in a Krebs-Ringer - bicarbonate medium containing 200 mg% of glucose with progesterone-4-14C and corticosterone-4-14C as precursors. After incubation the media were extracted exhaustively with chloroform and the dry residue of the solvent extract fractionated on paper chromatographic systems. The identity of one of the 14C transformation products produced from both precursors was investigated in detail. The substance absorbed ultraviolet light (λmaxEtOH: 241 mμ), but reduced alkaline blue tetrazolium only very slowly.
The mobility of the unknown alone and diluted with inactive carrier was identical with that of the 20→ 18 cyclic hemiketal of 18-hydroxycorticosterone. The identity of the biosynthetic material with the closed form of 18-hydroxycorticosterone was established by isotopic dilution techniques and the formation of derivatives. It was observed that the compound can exist in at least three different tautomeric forms. The yield of 18-hydroxycorticosterone with beef zona glomerulosa was 3.8% from progesterone and 6.8% from corticosterone.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OVARY OF THE RAT. III
Authors: Eckstein B. , Shain H. 
Published: December 2008

The response of ovarian and uterine glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activity to serum gonadotrophin (PMS) treatment at various ages of the developing rat was studied. The greatest response (62.2 per cent increase in the ovary and 74.5 per cent increase in the uterus) were found at the ages of 31–33 days.
Growth hormone and oestrogen administration caused an increase in ovarian weight with no rise in GOT. It is therefore concluded that the action of gonadotrophin on GOT activity in the ovary is specific.
All sex hormones examined, (oestrone, testosterone and progesterone) which had a stimulating activity on the immature rat uterus, induced an increase of GOT activity in this organ. Growth hormone also stimulated growth of the uterus, but reduced its GOT activity. This indicates a difference between the growth promoting action of growth hormone and of the sex hormones on the uterus.
As the GOT stimulating effect of PMS was induced in hypophysectomized rats, it is concluded that this effect is not mediated by the hypophysis.
STUDIES ON A SEROLOGICAL PREGNANCY TEST: III
Authors: Kaivola S. , Kiistala U. , Axelson E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Improvement has been made in a serological haemagglutination inhibition method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in urine, using a highly purified, immunologically homogenous HCG in the preparation of antisera and in the coating of blood cells. Furthermore agar diffusion tests have been carried out with a view to clarifying the immunological nature and homogeneity of the HCG used.
BESTIMMUNG DER INSULINAKTIVITÄT IM MENSCHLICHEM SERUM NACH GLUKOSEBELASTUNG ALS PRÜFUNG DER FUNKTIONSFÄHIGKEIT DES PANKREAS
Authors: Daweke H. 
Published: December 2008

Using the method of glucose-1-14C oxydation to 14CO2 on the rat epididymal adipose tissue, the insulin-like activities (ILA) in the serum have been compared before and after oral loading with glucose in normal subjects, in maturity-onset diabetics and in insulin-requiring diabetics. In maturity-onset diabetics mean fasting values were found to be 30% below normal while in insulin-requiring diabetics they were 85% above normal. In normal subjects there was observed, 30 minutes after glucose loading, a moderate increase in blood sugar together with an increase of ILA of 222% above the starting value; in maturity-onset diabetics the increase in ILA was only 106% while the blood sugar was markedly increased. After glucose loading in maturity-onset diabetics, the total amount of insulin detected during the period of the experiment was, on the average, only 45% of that found in normal subjects. In insulin requiring diabetics there was no increase but, on the contrary, a steady decrease of the ILA values, while the blood sugar excessively increased. In general ILA values were higher than those in maturity-onset diabetics. No difference in response was found between maturity-onset diabetics treated with diet alone and those treated with diet and oral hypoglycaemic drugs. In contrast to the absolute ILA values, the index of insulin reserve, is of value in assessing the functional capacity of the pancreas. This index decreases progressively with the severity of the disease and reaches a maximum of 54% of the normal in maturity-onset diabetics, which can satisfactorily be explained by pancreas insufficiency.
Only in some cases of insulin-requiring diabetics was an insulin reserve still detectable. The biological inactivity of the insulin circulating in the blood can be deduced from the increased ILA-values, as compared with those found in maturity-onset diabetics. Obviously some of this insulin can be released by the addition of glucose. It is likely that, in addition to pancreatic insufficiency, insulin-binding or insulin-inactivating antibodies play a part in the pathogenesis of insulin-requiring diabetes.
ÉTUDE DE L'ACTIVITÉ BIOLOGIQUE IN VITRO DES HORMONES GONADOTROPES
Authors: Gospodarowicz D. , Legault-Démare J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and lactogenic hormone (LTH or prolactin) were found practically inactive on the incorporation of 14Cacetate into cholesterol of normal rat corpus luteum in vitro. On the contrary, when added simultaneously to the incubation medium, they increased by 90% the labeling of cholesterol.
When pseudopregnancy corpora lutea were used, HCG alone stimulated to the same amount, but no stimulation was observed with LTH alone. These results show that the stimulation of cholesterol synthesis is produced by a synergic action of LTH and HCG, LTH being introduced either in vivo (pseudopregnancy) or in vitro.
OESTRIOL METABOLISM IN THE PREVIABLE HUMAN FOETUS)
Authors: Mikhail G. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Four previable foetuses (17th to 21st week of gestation) were perfused with 2 to 3 microcurie amounts of oestriol-16-14C. Approximately 90% of the radioactivity present in the different organs of the perfused foetuses was in a conjugated form. More than 90% of the conjugated material was identified as oestriol-3-sulphate.
Evidence was obtained indicating the presence of oestriol-16(17?)-glucosiduronate and of a sulpho-glucosiduronate-like double conjugate in extracts of the liver, alimentary tract and perfused blood. A highly polar metabolite of oestriol was also detected, but was not identified.
More than 70% of the radioactivity present in the blood perfused through the foetuses was in a conjugated form 77% of which was oestriol-3-sulphate.
PREGNANCY MAINTAINING EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC PROGESTOGENS IN THE RAT
Authors: Suchowsky G. K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ten steroids (progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone-17α-caproate, 6α-methyl-17α-hydroxyprogesterone-17α-acetate, 1,2α-methylene-6-chloro-Δ6-17α-hydroxyprogesterone-17α-acetate, 17α-hydroxy-19-norprogesterone-17α-acetate, 17α-hydroxy-19-norprogesterone-1 7α-caproate, 17α-methyl-19-nortestosterone, 17α-ethyl-19-nortestosterone, 17α-ethinyl-19-nortestosterone, 17α-allyl-estr-4-en-17β-ol) were tested for their pregnancy-maintaining effect in spayed pregnant rats. In three of these steroids the ratio between progestogen and oestrogen was determined.
Pregnancy in rats was also maintained by combining 17α-hydroxyprogesterone-17α-caproate (one single dose) and 17α-ethinyl-19-nortestosterone (given daily).
SUCCINATE TETRAZOLIUM REDUCTASE ACTIVITY IN THE DEVELOPING RAT THYMUS
Authors: Kahri A. I. , Hannuksela M. , Karaharju E. O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Postnatal development of the rat thymus was studied. Succinate tetrazolium reductase activity, expressed as μg formazan per gram of fresh thymus tissue, remained unchanged from the 3rd to the 294th day after birth. The activity of the enzyme was also found to be unchanged histochemically during the postnatal life of the rat. The thymus attained its maximum weight, about 500 mg, at the age of 50 days. Thereafter it decreased steadily, amounting to some 175 mg in rats about 250 days of age.
HYPOPHYSECTOMY IN PREGNANT RATS
Authors: Angervall Lennart , Lundin Per M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The authors have studied foetal development and the dependence of the foetal endocrine organs upon the maternal hypophysis. A slight but significant reduction of the birth weights was obtained after hypophysectomy on the 12th or 13th day of gestation. The foetuses exhibited a hypoplasia of the thyroid, pancreatic islets and gonads. Possible reasons for these changes are discussed.
THE SERUM PROTEINS IN DIABETES MELLITUS IN RELATION TO VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Skanse Bengt 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Electrophoretic analysis of the serum protein pattern in 110 patients with diabetes mellitus of varying duration and severity confirmed that the α2-globulins are often increased and that the albumin is often decreased. It was found that the γ-globulins may either be decreased or increased. When the β-globulins are increased, the increase is due to an increase of the β2-globulin fraction. The incidence of the protein changes is about equal in patients with and without vascular complications.
ÉTUDE COMPARATIVE DES EFFETS SEXUELS DES ANDROGÉNES NATURELS
Authors: Meyer C. J. , Krähenbühl Ch. , Desaulles P. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A study was made of the activities exerted by the following naturally occurring androgens on the male sexual receptors of the capon and of the castrated male rat, and also of their inhibitory action on the oestrous cycle and gonadotrophic functions in the rat: testosterone, androsterone, androstenedione, adrenosterone, 11β-hydroxy-androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, 17α-hydroxy-progesterone, and progesterone.
When the effects of these androgens were investigated on a large number of receptors, the results revealed the differences in the spectrum of activity of each of the substances.
Thus, for example, adrenosterone has an androgenic effect in castrated rats which is much greater than in the capon (corresponding to 50% and 5% respectively, of the activity of testosterone), whereas the difference in the androgenic effect exerted on the two species is much less marked in the case of androsterone and androstenedione. 17α-hydroxy-progesterone, on the other hand, displays marked activity on the capon's comb after local inunction, but has only a slight effect on the sexual adnexa of castrated rats. Of all the androgenic receptors investigated only the ventral prostate responds to treatment with progesterone.
Of all the compounds included in this study, only 11β-hydroxy-androstenedione has an anabolic/androgenic ratio greater than testosterone, whereas with all the other compounds the ratio is less.
Although the degree of inhibition exerted on the oestrous cycle is in all instances equivalent to less than 1/10 of that of testosterone, the anti-gonadotrophic activity as evidenced by experiments on parabiotic animals shows considerable variations from one steroid to the other. It is very high for androsterone and androstenedione (60% of that of testosterone), diminishes in the case of adrenosterone (20% of that of testosterone), and is even weaker in the case of 11β-hydroxy-androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, 17α-hydroxy-progesterone, and progesterone, which has only 10% the activity of testosterone.
The correlations between the different types of action and their possible implications are discussed.
SEPARATION ET EVALUATION DE LA TETRAHYDROALDOSTERONE PAR CHROMATOGRAPHIE SUR PAPIER
Authors: Pasqualini Jorge R. , Legrand Jean-C. , Jayle Max-F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
We describe a chromatographic method that permits the separation of urinary 3α,11β,21-trihydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one-18al (tetrahydroaldosterone) and its quantitative evaluation.
The excretion of this steroid is 20 to 35 μg/24 h in the urine of normal subjects, 150 to 200 μg in pregnancy urines and 190 to 210 μg in those of children with a nephrotic syndrome.
The separation of two unknown steroids X3 and X4 reducing blue tetrazolium is also described.
INCORPORATION OF IODIDE INTO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THE GUINEA PIG THYROID
Authors: Ekholm R. , Zelander T. , Agrell P.-S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Guinea pigs, kept on a iodine-sufficient diet, were injected with Na131I and the thyroids excised from 45 seconds to 5 days later. The thyroid tissue was homogenized and separated into a combined nuclear-mitochondrial-microsomal fraction and a supernatant fraction by centrifugation at 140 000 g for one hour. Protein bound 131iodine (PB131I) and free 131iodide were determined in the fractions and the PB131I was analysed for monoiodotyrosine (MIT), diiodotyrosine (DIT) and thyroxine after hydrolysis of PB131I.
As early as only 20 minutes after the Na131I-injection almost 100% of the particulate fraction 131I was protein bound. In the supernatant fraction the protein binding was somewhat less rapid and PB131I values above 90% of total supernatant 131I were not found until 3 hours after the injection. In all experiments the total amount of PB131I was higher in the supernatant than in the corresponding particulate fraction. The ratio between supernatant PB131I and pellet PB131I was lower in experiments up to 3 minutes and from 2 to 5 days than in experiments of 6 minutes to 20 hours. Hydrolysis of PB131I yielded, even in the shortest experiments, both MIT and DIT. The DIT/MIT ratio was lower in the experiments up to 2 hours than in those of 3 hours and over.
A CASE OF PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM WITH PARATHYROID HORMONE ASSAY IN URINE AND ADENOMA TISSUE
Authors: Miki Isaharu , Yoshikawa Seizo , Takada Satoru , Fujita Takuo , Morii Hirotoshi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A 42 year old male complained of limping and pain in the left leg, where a bone tumour was demonstrated by X-ray. Serum calcium was 11.2 to 15.2 mg% serum P 1.5 to 1.9 mg%, and serum alkaline phosphatase 8.7–10.4 Bessy-Lowry units. A markedly negative calcium balance was corrected by a diet high in calcium content. A parathyroid adenoma was removed from the right lower pole of the thyroid. The tumour possessed parathyroid hormone-like activity corresponding to 1580 USP units per gram of wet tissue and preoperative urine contained 65 and 97 units/24 hours according to the bioassay by 32P excretion method in parathyroidectomized rats. Postoperatively biochemical changes were normalized and recalcification of the skeleton was demonstrated.
CALCIUM INFUSION IN THE DETECTION OF BONE DISEASE IN PARATHYROID DISORDERS
Authors: Haas Heinrich G. , Canary John J. , Kyle Laurence H. , Mintz Daniel H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The retention of an infused load of calcium was determined under standard conditions in 25 patients with various parathyroid disorders, in 12 normal control subjects, and in 3 patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. A normal range of 40–60 per cent calcium-retention was found, and there was some support to the thesis that hypercalciuria per se may lower the retention of calcium. Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism showed a wide range of calcium retention reflecting on one side probably hypercalciuria (low calcium retention) and on the other osteitis fibrosa generalisata (high calcium retention). In detecting early bone involvement in parathyroid hyperfunction, the calcium retention test was of equal or greater value than alkaline phosphatase determination in the serum. In secondary hyperparathyroidism due to severe renal insufficiency, a high calcium retention was seen pointing either to delayed calcium excretion (low GFR) or increased avidity of the skeleton for calcium as a consequence of an admixture of osteomalacia and osteitis fibrosa. All hypoparathyroid patients retained large quantities of calcium. In three of these cases, an elevated alkaline phosphatase level indicated osteomalacia, possibly following inadequate calcium absorption from the gut, while in two patients a low filtered load of calcium accounted for the apparent high calcium retention.
ENZYMATISCHE DEHYDRIERUNG VON EQUILIN ZU EQUILENIN
Authors: Mittermayer C. , Breuer H. , Dirscherl W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
After incubation of equilin with rat liver slices, equilenin was isolated and identified by microchemical methods; in addition to equilenin two metabolites were found which were identified as 17β-dihydroequilin and 17β-dihydroequilenin. Under the same experimental conditions, 17β-dihydroequilin was metabolised to equilin as well as to 17β-dihydroequilenin and equilenin.
When equilenin was incubated with rat liver slices, only 17β-dihydroequilenin was found as metabolite; no evidence for the formation of equilin was obtained. Incubation of 17β-dihydroequilenin yielded equilenin, whereas 17β-dihydroequilin could not be detected.
These experiments show that rat liver contains a steroid dehydrogenase which dehydrogenates equilin to equilenin; under the conditions used this reaction proceeds irreversibly. The interconversion of the ring B unsaturated 17-oxo- und 17-hydroxy compounds is catalysed by the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat liver.
GYNAECOMASTIA IN CHORION-EPITHELIOMA – OESTROGEN LEVELS AND PROBABLE PATHOGENESIS
Authors: Martin F. I. R. , Carden A. B. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Two men with chorionepithelioma and gynaecomastia are described. In both, urinary oestrogens (Brown et al. 1957) were similar with very high total oestrogens and an excess of oestrone. Urinary gonadotrophins were also elevated. Autopsy examination in one case revealed a seminoma of the testis in association with widespread chorionepithelioma metastases and the presence of interstitial cell hyperplasia and tubular atrophy in the unaffected testis. It is concluded that the gynaecomastia was produced by excess oestrogens due to the action of chorionic gonadotrophin on the interstitial cells of the testis.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE REGULATION OF CORPUS LUTEUM FUNCTION IN CASTRATED MALE RATS BEARING A TRANSPLANTED OVARY
Authors: Zeilmaker G. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The functional activity of artificially induced corpora lutea in isologous ovaries transplanted into castrated male rats has been studied. Criteria for progesterone production were the morphology of vaginal transplants and the distribution of sudanophilic material in the corpus luteum cells. It was found that spontaneous functional activity of the corpora lutea did not occur in short-term experiments. Progesterone production was observed, however, in animals also bearing an isotransplanted (either male or female) pituitary gland, and in animals which received daily injections of reserpine. It is suggested that the normal influence of the central nervous system on the secretion of luteotrophic hormone is inhibitory in male as well as in female animals.
Some aspects of the induction and maintenance of luteal function in castrated male rats bearing a transplanted ovary have been studied and compared with similar phenomena in the female rat. A real pseudopregnancy, i. e. maintained by the pituitary in situ during a defined period, as can be observed in female rats, could not be induced in these animals. In animals also bearing an isografted pituitary gland, luteolysis was not observed in experiments lasting up to 45 days. It is suggested that these findings may be correlated with the way in which the luteinizing hormone is secreted in the male rat.