bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discriminating residual and colluvial soils using topographic analysis in a small, forested catchment in Japan
Authors: Maeda Kenji , Tanaka Takafumi , Takeshi Ohta , Hattori Shigeaki 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSoil moisture plays an important role in hydrology. Understanding factors (such as topography, vegetation, and meteorological conditions) that influence spatio‐temporal variability in soil moisture, and how this influence is manifested, is important for understanding hydrological processes. A number of distributed (quasi‐)physical hydrological models have been developed to investigate this subject. Previous studies have shown that the spatial differences in the distribution of soil types (residual and colluvial soils) dominantly reflect spatio‐temporal fluctuations in soil moisture and runoff.We present a methodology for assessing the spatial distribution of residual and colluvial soils, which differ with respect to their physical characteristics, in a 0·88 km2 forested catchment with complex topography and a complex land‐use history. Our method is based on penetration resistance profile data; in this data set, each data point represents soil physical characteristics within an area of about 25 m2. If the spatial distribution of soils under similar meteorological, geological, historical land use, and other conditions could be characterized on the basis of similarity in topographic features, then the spatial distribution of soil could be predicted based on relationships between various topographic indices (e.g. topographic index and local slope). We tested whether our model correctly assessed the reference data. The model's results were 90·5% correct for residual soils and 87·3% correct for colluvial soils. Further studies will quantify the relationships between topographic features of land covered by residual and colluvial soils and changes in spatio‐temporal variations in the catchment (e.g. vegetation and land use) as a function of geology or meteorology. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rule reduction in fuzzy logic for better interpretability in reservoir operation
Authors: Sivapragasam C. , Vasudevan G. , Vincent P. , Sugendran P. , Marimuthu M. , Seenivasakan S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDecision‐making in reservoir operation has become easy and understandable with the use of fuzzy logic models, which represent the knowledge in terms of interpretable linguistic rules. However, the improvement in interpretability with increase in number of fuzzy sets (‘low’, ‘high’, etc) comes with the disadvantage of increase in number of rules that are difficult to comprehend by decision makers. In this study, a clustering‐based novel approach is suggested to provide the operators with a limited number of most meaningful operating rules. A single triangular fuzzy set is adopted for different variables in each cluster, which are fine‐tuned with genetic algorithm (GA) to meet the desired objective. The results are compared with the multi fuzzy set fuzzy logic model through a case study in the Pilavakkal reservoir system in Tamilnadu State, India. The results obtained are highly encouraging with a smaller set of rules representing the actual fuzzy logic system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional inactivation of the KLF6 tumor suppressor gene by loss of heterozygosity and increased alternative splicing in glioblastoma
Authors: Camacho‐Vanegas Olga , Narla Goutham , Teixeira Miriam S. , DiFeo Analisa , Misra Anjan , Singh Gobind , Chan Andrew M. , Friedman Scott L. , Feuerstein Burt G. , Martignetti John A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor and possesses a high incidence of 10p loss. The KLF6 (Kruppel‐like transcription factor) tumor suppressor gene on 10p15 is inactivated by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and/or somatic mutation in a number of human cancers and forced expression of KLF6 in GBM lines inhibits their growth and transformation. In addition, increased expression of its alternatively spliced, cytoplasmic isoform KLF6‐SV1 has now been shown to play a role in cancer pathogenesis. On the basis of these findings we examined the role of KLF6 and KLF6‐SV1 in the development and progression of GBM. LOH analysis of 17 primary GBM patient samples using KLF6‐specific microsatellite markers revealed that 88.2% (15/17) had LOH of the KLF6 locus. Interestingly, no KLF6 somatic mutations were identified. RNA analysis revealed concomitant decreases in all primary GBM tumors (n = 11) by ∼80% in KLF6 expression (p < 0.001) coupled with increased KLF6‐SV1 expression (p < 0.001) when compared to normal astrocytes. To determine the biological relevance of these findings, we examined the effect of KLF6 expression and KLF6‐SV1 knockdown in A235 and CRL2020 cell lines. Reconstitution of KLF6 decreased cell proliferation by almost 50%, whereas targeted KLF6 reduction increased cell proliferation 2.5–4.5 fold. Conversely, targeted KLF6‐SV1 reduction decreased cell proliferation by 50%. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that KLF6 allelic imbalance and decreased KLF6 and increased KLF6‐SV1 expression are common findings in primary GBM tumors, and these changes have antagonistic effects on the regulation of cellular proliferation in GBM cell lines. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Somatic mutations of mitochondrial genome in early stage breast cancer
Authors: Wang Cheng‐Ye , Wang Hua‐Wei , Yao Yong‐Gang , Kong Qing‐Peng , Zhang Ya‐Ping 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe complete mitochondrial genomes of the primary cancerous, matched paracancerous normal and distant normal tissues from 10 early‐stage breast cancer patients were analyzed in this study, with special attempt (i) to investigate whether the reported high frequency of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) somatic mutations in breast cancer could be repeated under a stringent data quality control, and (ii) to characterize the spectrum of mtDNA somatic mutations in Chinese breast cancer patients and evaluate their potential significance in early cancer diagnosis. Two heteroplasmic somatic transitions (T2275C and A8601G) were identified in our samples. The transition A8601G was present in the primary cancerous and paracancerous normal tissues from patient no. 3. Transition T2275C was found in the primary cancerous tissue but not in other normal tissues from patient no. 6; this transition has been reported in the colonic crypts and is located at a highly conserved site in the 16S rRNA gene. Subsequent cloning sequencing confirmed the absence of both mutations in the distant normal tissues from the 2 patients. The overall rate of somatic mutations in our patients was much lower than those of previous studies of breast cancer. Our results gave support to the recent claim that the high frequency of mtDNA somatic mutations in cancer studies is overestimated. Based on the mtDNA mutation pattern in early stage breast cancer observed in this study, we cautioned the enthusiasms and efforts to look for somatic mutations that were of diagnostic value in cancer early detection. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitation of phenylalanine and its trans‐cinnamic, benzoic and hippuric acid metabolites in biological fluids in a single GC‐MS analysis
Authors: Sarkissian Christineh N. , Scriver Charles R. , Mamer Orval A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe describe a sensitive, simple and convenient stable isotope dilution assay developed to study endogenous metabolism of administered stable isotope‐labeled phenylalanine (Phe) in phenylketonuric (PKU) mice treated experimentally with phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). Mouse urine and plasma containing endogenous and administered labeled Phe together with internal standard Phe bearing a different pattern of labeling are converted by in situ diazotization to 2‐chloro‐3‐phenylpropionic acid (CPP). A single solvent extraction is then used to isolate the isotopomers of CPP along with the trans‐cinnamic acid (TCA) produced from Phe by PAL, as well as the TCA metabolites benzoic and hippuric acids. This procedure eliminates the need for a separate ion‐exchange isolation step for Phe on a second sample aliquot and separate GC‐MS analysis. Extracted CPP and the Phe metabolites are then measured by conversion to the pentafluorobenzyl esters and a single analysis by electron capture negative ion GC‐MS. The estimated lower limit of quantitation is 0.1 µM. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehensive liquid chromatography–ion‐spray tandem mass spectrometry method for the identification and quantification of eight hydroxylated brominated diphenyl ethers in environmental matrices
Authors: Mas Sílvia , Jáuregui Olga , Rubio Fernando , de Juan Anna , Tauler Romà , Lacorte Sílvia 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe propose an instrumental method based on liquid chromatography coupled to negative ion‐spray ionization (ISP(−)) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), for the simultaneous analysis of eight hydroxylated brominated diphenyl ethers (OH‐PBDEs) in four different environmental matrices (soil, fish, sludge and particulate matter). The reversed‐phase chromatographic separation was performed on a 50 mm Xbridge C18 column, and the compounds were well resolved with a gradient consisting of a ternary mixture of 5 mMammonium acetate, methanol and acetonitrile. Detection was performed in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using the [M − H]− ion as base peak. The fragmentation pathways of the OH‐PBDEs varied according to the hydroxyl substitution in the benzene rings and produced characteristic MRM transitions needed for resolving isomeric compounds. The method is acceptable for quantification in the high picogram per gram dry weight (dw) level for all matrices analyzed. Repeatability and reproducibility tested at 75 pg µl−1 were below 10% using internal standard quantification. The ISP (−) enhancement due to matrix effects was in the 76–132% range and the highest values corresponded to sludge samples. The use of the proposed method based on LC‐ISP(−)‐MS/MS opens a new way to directly determine OH‐PBDEs without the need of derivatization. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technical note: Characterization of binomial semivalues through delegation games
Authors: Amer Rafael , Giménez José Miguel 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSemivalues are allocation rules for cooperative games that assign to each player in a given game a weighted sum of his marginal contributions to all coalitions he belongs to, where the weighting coefficients depend only on the coalition size. Binomial semivalues are a special class of semivalues whose weighting coefficients are obtained by means of a unique parameter. In particular, the Banzhaf value is a binomial semivalue. In this article, we provide an axiomatic characterization for each binomial semivalue. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007
Obscure heroes
Authors: Moore Carl M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper asks whether the notion of a hero is useful in helping communities. After briefly identifying the origin, evolution, and components of a hero, the paper posits that what evolved to be called heroic leadership is not desirable because it is antithetical to democracy, unrealistic for a nuclear age, and can encourage us to wait for salvation. It would be more desireable to recognize and encourage obscure heroes, who are characterized primarily by their wisdom and moral courage.
Metro areas in the 21st century: Recognizing and anticipating the forces of change
Authors: Kemp Roger L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe significant reduction in federal resources available to local governments and the devolution of issues‐management responsibilities from federal and state to local levels of government has been accompanied by major new political, social and economic trends, both national and global. Local jurisdictions — whether municipal, county or regional — must recognize both the scope and pace of this change, and harness the civic strength of their communities to form consensual, strategic visions.
Community needs assessment: An integrated approach
Authors: Parsons Robert J. , Henderson Dee W. , Palazzo James M. , Garn Ralph , Hulterstrom Bill 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCommunities are required to conduct needs assessments on a regular basis to allocate limited resources to the fulfillment of human service requirements. This article presents a comprehensive methodology to ensure that data are gathered from a variety of population segments. Community perceptions and identification of unmet needs are summarized for four different segments of the community. Since perceptions differ by population segment, it is important for community needs assessments to represent a cross‐section of the community rather than just an isolated segment such as opinion leaders only.
Municipal services and economic policy priorities among Florida's smaller cities: A comparison by public officials
Authors: Mattson Gary A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTraditional economic development activities in small, rural communities tend to follow one of two main themes: industrial recruitment and promotion of tourism. More recently, a third approach has emerged which emphasizes the development and/or enhancement of existing quality‐of‐life amenities, with the goal of attracting and retaining new residents, as well as businesses that suit the community's socio‐economic character. All three approaches require different kinds of public investment; the third requires a tax structure that will permit the community to strike a strategic balance between essential and non‐essential (amenity‐type) services.
Community‐sensible governance: The emerging political reality of the 21st century
Authors: Neu Carl H. , Ethredge Jack 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA New “civil war” is raging in the United States that will redefine where the power resides to shape and realize the destinies of communities. “Community‐sensible” governance must be the means by which U.S. communities and the nation as a whole will embark upon an uncertain but exciting future.
An etiquette for the 1990s regional council
Authors: Atkins Patricia S. , Wilson‐Gentry Laura 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe rules of the game for regional councils in the 1960s and 1970s were shaped by their central role in federal policies promoting sub‐state regionalism. When money stopped flowing from the federal tap in the 1980s, regional councils got entrepreneurial and sought ties with state government.
The role of gentrification in central city revitalization
Authors: Lampe David 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIs it mainly race or mainly class that has hastened the flight of central cities' more propserous residents to the outlying suburbs? Can a range of socio‐economic classes live harmoniously, side‐by‐side in central city neighborhoods, or is one of the objectives of gentrification merely to re‐homogenize the urban mix?
The association of personality type in childhood with violence in adolescence
Authors: Atkins Robert 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe relationship of personality type at age 6 years to interpersonal violence at age 12 years was investigated. Participants from the Child Sample of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth with complete data measures for the three time periods were categorized into one of the three personality types at age 6: under‐controlled, resilient, and over‐controlled. At age 12, participants assigned to the under‐controlled personality type 6 years earlier were more likely than those assigned to the resilient or over‐controlled personality types to report that they had hurt someone seriously at least once in the past year. The association of childhood personality to interpersonal violence 6 years later was not mediated by peer rejection or associations with deviant peers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 30: 308–319, 2007
Effect of method of preparation and process variables on controlled release of insoluble drug from chitosan microspheres
Authors: Kulkarni Preeti V. , Keshavayya Jathi , Kulkarni Venkatrao H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn inexpensive and simple method was adopted for the preparation of chitosan microspheres, crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA), for the controlled release of an insoluble drug‐ibuprofen, which is a commonly used NSAID (non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug). The chitosan microspheres were prepared by different methods and varying the process conditions such as rate of stirring, concentration of crosslinking agent, and drug:polymer ratio in order to optimize these process variables on microsphere size, size distribution, degree of swelling, drug entrapment efficiency, and release rates. The absence of any chemical interaction between drug, polymer, and the crosslinking agent was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) techniques. The microspheres were characterized by optical microscopy, which indicated that the particles were in the size range of 30–200 µm and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed a smooth surface and spherical shape of microspheres. The microsphere size/size distributions were increased with the decreased stirring rates as well as GA concentration in the suspension medium. Decreasing the concentration of crosslinker increased the swelling ratio whereas extended crosslinking exhibited lowered entrapment efficiency. The in vitro drug release was controlled and extended up to 10 hr. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute stress in parents of children newly diagnosed with cancer
Authors: Patiño‐Fernández Anna Maria , Pai Ahna L.H. , Alderfer Melissa , Hwang Wei‐Ting , Reilly Anne , Kazak Anne E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectiveAcute Stress Disorder (ASD) and subclinical symptoms of acute stress (SAS) may be a useful framework for understanding the psychological reactions of mothers and fathers of children newly diagnosed with a pediatric malignancy.Patients and MethodsMothers (N = 129) and fathers (N = 72) of 138 children newly diagnosed with cancer completed questionnaires assessing acute distress, anxiety, and family functioning. Demographic data were also gathered. Inclusion criteria were: a confirmed diagnosis of a pediatric malignancy in a child under the age of 18 years without prior chronic or life threatening illness and fluency in English or Spanish.ResultsDescriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were used to examine predictors of SAS. Fifty‐one percent (N = 66) of mothers and 40% (N = 29) of fathers met DSM‐IV diagnostic criteria for ASD. The majority of the sample reported experiencing at least one SAS. General anxiety, but not family functioning, was a strong predictor of SAS in both mothers and fathers even after controlling for demographic characteristics.ConclusionsImmediately following their child's diagnosis of cancer, most mothers and fathers experience SAS, with a subsample meeting criteria for ASD. More anxious parents are at heightened risk of more intense reactions. The findings support the need for evidence‐based psychosocial support at diagnosis and throughout treatment for families who are at risk for acute distress reactions. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:289–292. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anodised TiO2 nano‐tubes: voltage ramp influence on the nano‐structured oxide and investigation of phase changes promoted by thermal treatments
Authors: Regonini D. , Bowen C. R. , Stevens R. , Allsopp D. , Jaroenworaluck A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTiO2 nano‐tubes have been generated by anodising commercially pure (99.6%) titanium in a 1 M solution of Na2SO4 which contains a small amount of NaF (0.1–1 wt%). The use of an initial voltage ramp, prior to the application of a constant voltage to the cell, led to an increase in the thickness of the nano‐tube layer. The thermal stability of the nano‐tube layer has also been evaluated by annealing at a variety of temperatures, from 200 to 600 °C. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the annealed nano‐tubes indicate that they are stable up to 500 °C. Raman spectroscopy was performed to monitor and evaluate the changes in the crystal structure promoted by the thermal treatments. The as‐prepared nano‐tubes are amorphous, while anatase begins to form at 300 °C and rutile is found at 550 °C, a temperature at which the nano‐tubes begin to collapse. Initial results obtained by characterising the as‐prepared nano‐tubes with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) are also discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
FePt thin film irradiated with high energy ions
Authors: Jaafar M. , Sanz R. , Vázquez M. , Asenjo A. , Jensen J. , Hjort K. , Flohrer S. , McCord J. , Schäfer R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe changes in structural and magnetic properties of FePt thin films due to the irradiation with high energy ions (Br7+ and Cl2+) were studied. From the hysteresis loops dominating in‐plane anisotropy is derived, however, the samples present a minor out‐of‐plane component. The structure and the magnetic properties of the films can be tuned by selecting the appropriate irradiation parameters (different ions, energies and fluencies). For the irradiation parameters used in this study an in‐plane anisotropy is favoured. Irradiation with Br7+ seems to induce minor changes in the structural ordering of the thin films, whereas the Cl2+ ions promote the amorphization of the surface of the films. In addition, a magnetic thin film patterned at the micrometer scale was obtained after irradiation through a micrometric mask. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Organo‐vermiculite structure ordering after PVAc introduction
Authors: Simha Martynková Gražyna , Valášková Marta , Šupová Monika 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNatural vermiculite served as a host for intercalation with quaternary ammonium salt (QUAT) followed by in‐situ polymerization of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). We studied the structural changes of organo‐vermiculite and its PVAc nanocomposite with the help of X‐ray diffraction analysis. The mean crystallite size of PVAc nanocomposite is double compared to that of organo‐vermiculite and its distribution of crystallite sizes presents a broader region but more uniform values than the curve calculated for organo‐vermiculite. Molecular dynamic calculation proved a monolayer arrangement of QUAT guests and a bilayer‐like system of guest organic molecules in the vermiculite gallery. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Zur Theorie und Konstruktion der Geschoßflugbahn
Authors: Schweikert G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird ein neues, einfaches und doch strenges und allgemeines Verfahren zur graphischen Konstruktion der Geschoßflugbahn entwickelt. Unter Zugrundelegung einer zusätzlichen, normalen Widerstandskomponente werden strenge und allgemeine ballistische Hauptgleichungen abgeleitet und Verfahren zu ihrer rechnerischen und mechanischen Integration mittels einer neuen Integriermaschine sowie zur experimentellen Ermittlung der Widerstandsgesetze angegeben.
Zur Theorie der Integriermaschine für gewöhnliche Differentialgleichungen
Authors: Sauer R. , Pösch H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFür die auf dem Bush‐Prinzip beruhende neue Askania‐Integriermaschine wird die Frage nach dem Wirkungsbereich durch Aufzeigung der sämtlichen mit dem Gerät lösbaren Differentialgleichungen vollständig beantwortet und eine Klassifikation der Schaltungen gegeben.
Der gegabelte Verdichtungsstoß in Luft
Authors: Kofink W. , Vollmer Th. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEine früher abgeleitete algebraische Gleichung (§ 1) für den gegabelten Verdichtungsstoß wird auf Stöße in Luft angewandt. Neben numerischen Daten für besonders interessierende Stoßkonfigurationen, die als spezielle Punkte und Kurven im Weise‐Diagramm für Luft auftreten, werden deren Gleichungen für beliebige x aufgestellt. (§2–4). In § 5 findet man schließlich eine kurze algebraische Behandlung der Herzkurven‐methode und der Schnittzahl von Haupt‐ und Nebenherz.