bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and pathophysiological aspects of acute spinal cord trauma
Authors: Janssens L. A. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTExperimental spinal cord trauma is studied with the purpose of better understanding and of finding better treatments for clinically occurring spinal cord trauma. In recent years major new insights have occurred in the pathophysiology of spinal cord trauma. A large amount of research has been carried out in experimental spinal cord trauma. It has mainly focused on vascular aspects of pathophysiology and on treatment. No generally accepted, very successful therapy for clinical use has emerged from this data. In addition, quite a few therapies which have been postulated to work have not yet been tested clinically. Finally the experimental models that have been used vary tremendously and standardisation is need ed. In this standardised model the influence of variables should be clear. The main pathophysiological phenomena that occur are rupture of cell membranes and microvessels. Microvessel rupture leads to free radical formation to thrombocyte aggregation and vessel obstruction. Cell oxygenation becomes impaired and eventually cell death occurs. This can be observed especially in the spinal cord grey matter. Cell membrane rupture leads to Ca2+‐influx, neurotoxic firing with glutamate release and the activation of the arachidonic acid cascade. This results in production of thromboxanes, prostaglandins and prostacyclins. These actuate thrombocyte aggregation serotonin release, vasoconstriction and oedem and lead to cell anoxia and cell death. All processes are completed within 24 hours after which regeneration takes place.
Purulent pericarditis in a puppy
Authors: Fuentes V. Luis , Long K. J. , Darke P. G. G. , Burnie A. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn eight‐week‐old female Cavalier King Charles spaniel was presented with tachypnoea, pyrexia and distended jugular veins following bite injuries to the chest and abdomen. Pericardial effusion was suspected from clinical, electrocardiographic and radiographic findings, and confirmed by echocardiography. Pericardiocentesis was carried out and the purulent fluid aspirated yieldedPasteurella multocidaon culture. After drainage, broad spectrum antibiotic therapy was instituted and the puppy went on to make an excellent clinical recovery. Despite this, some hyperechoic areas of myocardium were observed on echocardiography and occasional ventricular premature complexes were seen on electrocardiography. These were probably the result of an associated myocarditis.
Tube cystostomy in the dog and cat]
Authors: Williams J. M. , White R. A. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPrepubic tube cystostomy was performed in 10 dogs and one cat. Indications include urinary bypass following urethral trauma or surgery (six cases), following surgery for prostatic abscesses or cysts (four cases) and bladder atony secondary to urethral obstruction (one case). Tubes were left in situ for a minimum of seven days. All patients returned to normal micturition following tube removal. Urine leakage occurred for up to four days after tube removal by which time the stoma was granulating. Nosocomial infection was a consistent finding, but was controlled with antibiotic treatment following tube removal. Tube cystostomy was considered an effective means for diverting irritant urine from healing epithelium and thereby minimising the risk of urethral cicatrisation. It may also be indicated in the management of urinary retention as an alternative to repeated urethral catheterisation. This study indicates that tube cystostomy is readily performed, with few unexpected or serious complications.
A survey of the diagnosis and treatment of canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Authors: Hall E. J. , Bond P. M. , McLean C. , Batt R. M. , McLean L. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA questionnaire was sent to veterinary surgeons who had diagnosed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) by assay of low serum concentration of trypsin‐like immunoreactivity in 302 dogs. Two‐thirds of cases were German shepherd dogs, in which EPI was found equally in males and females. The disease was also diagnosed in 33 other breeds, most commonly in crossbreeds, spaniels, small terriers and collies, and was more common in females. Detailed replies on 160 cases were returned; 79 dogs were alive and 41 dead, with the remainder lost to long term follow‐up. The major reasons for death were euthanasia because of the cost, the prognosis, and failure to respond to treatment. An adequate response to treatment was obtained in 92 per cent of dogs. Uncoated preparations of pancreatic enzyme replacement were found to be more successful, and the use of dietary manipulation and antibiotics were frequently reported to be useful adjunctive therapies.
Correlation of ultrasonographic and patho‐morphological findings in canine hepatic diseases
Authors: Vörös K. , Vrabély T. , Papp L. , Horváth L. , Karsai F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTFindings of hepatic ultrasonography were analysed in 22 dogs with liver disease and compared with the results of final morphological diagnoses. Ultrasonographic appearance of the liver demonstrated focal alterations in 11 dogs (50 per cent): multifocal lesions in hepatic neoplasia (six), hepatic cirrhosis (one), generalised mycosis (one) and unifocal lesions in haemangiosarcoma (one), nodular hyperplasia (one) and misdiagnosed intestinal invagination (one), Diffuse ultrasonographic alterations were found in 11 dogs (50 per cent): hyperechoic liver of normal/enlarged size in lymphosarcoma (four) and hepatic lipidosis (two); hyperechoic ‘bright’ but small liver in atrophic cirrhosis (two); hypoechoic to normal intensity liver of normal size in liver dystrophy (two) and hepatic venous distension (one). Gallbladder abnormalities were detected in 14 of 20 dogs (70 per cent). Correct ultrasonographic diagnoses were made in 11 dogs (50 per cent). The best results were achieved by combining the clinicolaboratory and ultrasonographic findings, providing a correct diagnosis in 17 dogs (77‐3 per cent).
Erythema multiforme in a dobermann on trimethoprim‐sulphamethoxa‐zole therapy
Authors: Delmage D. A. , Payne‐Johnson C. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis report describes the clinical and histopathological features of a suspected drug eruption in a dobermann pinscher dog on oral trimethoprim‐sulphamethoxazole therapy.
Thyroid function in the cat: assessment by the TRH response test and the thyrotrophin stimulation test
Authors: Sparkes A. H. , Jones B. R. , Gruffydd‐Jones T. J. , Walker M. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTChanges in total thyroxine (T4), free T4 and total tri‐iodothyronine (T3) were measured in 13 cats after the intravenous injection of varying doses of thyrotrophin stimulating hormone (TSH) (0–5 U/cat n = 6; 1 U/cat n = 8; 1 U/kg bodyweight, n = 7) or thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) (100 ug/cat, n = 10). All three doses of TSH resulted in a significant (P < 0–05) rise in T4, free T4 and T3 levels, with the mean peak in hormone concentrations occurring six to eight hours after injection. The three doses of TSH all appeared to produce maximal stimulation of thyroid hormone secretion. The mean percentage increase in hormone concentrations at seven hours following the three doses of TSH ranged from 167 to 198 per cent for T4, 240 to 365 per cent for free T4, and 73 to 116 per cent for T3. Following administration of TRH there was also a significant (P < 0–05) rise in T4, and free T4. The mean peak in T4 and free T4 levels occurred at four hours, and mean increases in hormone levels at this time were 92 per cent for T4, and 198 per cent for free T4. The administration of TRH produced little change in T3 levels. TSH administration resulted in a significantly higher (P < 0–05) percentage peak increase in T4, free T4 and T3 levels at all three dosages than did TRH.
Effect of anaesthesia and stress on the radiographic evaluation of the coxofemoral joint
Authors: Madsen J. S. , Svalastoga E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA pelvic radiographic examination was performed on 15 large breed dogs without history and clinical sign of hip dysplasia. The effect of anaesthesia and of two stress‐radiographic methods on the coxofemoral subluxation was evaluated. With anaesthesia a mild coxofemoral subluxation was seen in 31 per cent of the dogs, which all appeared radiographically normal when sedated. The Norberg angle was significantly decreased in anaesthetised dogs (P < 0–05). When dogs with a radiographically normal coxofemoral joint conformation were submitted to a stress‐radiographic examination there was a shift towards an increased coxofemoral subluxation. Subluxation was seen in 70 per cent of the dogs when the knee fixation method of positioning was applied and in 100 per cent of the dogs when the wedge method was used. Correspondingly the Norberg angle decreased significantly when the coxofermoral joints were stressed (Pkneefix< 0–00003; Pwedge= 0–000008). The study concludes that the currently used procedure for evaluation of the hip joints does not necessarily disclose whether or not a dog has hip dysplasia.
Nutrition and the integument
Authors: Kirk R.W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAlthough nutritional deficiencies, imbalances and toxicities may be specific, they all tend to produce general, non‐specific skin changes. Tests to determine nutrient levels in tissues or serum are expensive and rarely diagnostic. Careful evaluation of genetic factors and the dietary history may give clues to the diagnosis; and test feedings or trial medications may produce clinical response. Except for food hypersensitivities, which may be common in certain individuals, pets fed complete, balanced commercial diets rarely have skin disorders caused by nutritional factors.
Perineal urethrostomy versus dietary management in prevention of recurrent lower urinary tract disease
Authors: Osborne C. A. , Caywood D. D. , Johnston G. R. , Polzin D. J. , Lulich J. P. , Kruger J. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe frequency and cause of recurrent lower urinary tract disease was compared prospectively in three groups of 10 male cats during a one year period following correction of obstructive urethropathy caused by matrix‐crystalline plugs. One group of cats was managed by perineal urethrostomy, one group with a calculolytic diet, and the third group by perineal urethrostomy and the calculolytic diet. Ten episodes of bacterial urinary tract infection developed in five of 10 cats with perineal urethrostomies; six episodes of bacterial urinary tract infection developed in four of 10 cats with perineal urethrostomies and consuming the calculolytic diet. Bacterial urinary tract infections were not observed in cats managed only with the calculolytic diet. Staphylococcal‐induced struvite urocystoliths developed in two cats with perineal urethrostomies. Vesicourachal diverticula detected in nine cats at the time of diagnosis of urethral obstruction healed spontaneously following restoration of urethral patency and remission of clinical signs. Transient microscopic haematuria was observed in approximately 25 per cent of the cats in all three treatment groups during the one year study. Results of this study confirm the effectiveness of dietary management in prevention of recurrent urethral obstruction caused by struvite‐containing urethral precipitates, and verify that recurrent signs of lower urinary tract disease in cats may be caused by agents that are different from those that initiate the problem. They also confirm that perineal urethrostomies predispose cats to recurrent ascending bacterial urinary tract infections.
Aortic stenosis: clinical findings in six cats
Authors: Stepien R. L. , Bonagura J. D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTCongenital aortic stenosis was diagnosed in six cats. Clinical findings included dyspnoea, systolic murmurs with maximal intensity at the left apex or right sternal border, and cardiomegaly with congestive heart failure. Some clinical features of feline aortic stenosis were similar to those observed in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Definitive diagnosis was obtained by angiographic imaging of a discrete, consistent subvalvular obstruction, Doppler‐echocardio‐graphy, or by necropsy. Although, two of the cats were diagnosed at ages older than usually reported, the overall prognosis for cats with aortic stenosis was poor. Four of the six cats died or were euthanased within one year of the onset of clinical signs.
Perforated gastric ulcer v associated with pyloroplasty for chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy in a dog
Authors: Polese M. , Bellenger C. R. , Maddison J. E. , Church D. B. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA six‐year‐old male silkie terrier presented with a history of chronic vomiting. A diagnosis of gastric outflow obstruction was made using contrast radiography of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Surgical examination of the stomach revealed thickened pyloric antral mucosa. A Heineke‐Mikulicz pyloroplasty combined with resection of the hypertrophic pyloric mucosa were performed to increase the patency of the pyloric lumen. The dog recovered well from surgery and his condition remained stable until the sixth day postoperatively when his condition deteriorated rapidly resulting in his death that night. At autopsy a perforated gastric ulcer was found in the cardiac region of the pylorus with evidence for a generalised peritonitis. An association between gastric outflow obstruction and gastric ulceration has been reported in human clinical literature and in canine experimental models. No such association has been previously documented in the veterinary clinical literature.
Treatment of epidural haemangio‐sarcoma in a dog
Authors: Jeffery N. D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe cause of spinal pain and paresis in a 10‐year‐old great dane dog was found to be an epidural haemangiosarcoma. The tumour was surgically removed and adjunctive treatment with doxorubicin given. The dog survived in remission of its clinical signs for 11 months.
Skin disorders of small mammals
Authors: Scarff D. H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSmall mammals are frequently presented to the veterinary surgeon for skin disorders as children's pets, laboratory animals or commercial breeding groups. The role of the veterinary surgeon in these different categories is examined. Investigation and management of these disorders is discussed placing particular emphasis on a diagnostic approach and highlighting those areas which differ from canine and feline dermatology. Common dermatoses of these animals are described on an aetiological basis.
Influence of diet on urine pH and the Feline urological syndrome
Authors: Skoch E. R. , Chandler E. A. , Douglas G. M. , Richardson D. P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe hypothesis that feline urine pH can be manipulated by use of varying amounts of natural food components was tested. A relatively simple experimental model was constructed whereby soybean meal in a basal calculogenic diet was substituted by other components at varying levels and the changes in urine pH measured. In a different phase of the experiment the result of rapid change of diet was used to show the speed of response of urine pH. The effect of urine acidifying compounds was also demonstrated by the model. The prophylactic effect of three food components on urine pH was compared, with corn gluten meal the most potent. The model also demonstrated that feline urological syndrome (FUS) is possible in the presence of reduced levels of magnesium confirming previous work noting that the effect of urine pH is greater in the prevention of the condition than magnesium levels per se.
Follow‐up study of 100 cases with thoracolumbar disc protrusions treated by lateral fenestration
Authors: Butterworth S. J. , Denny H. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTOne hundred‐and‐seventeen dogs with thoracolumbar disc protrusions were treated by lateral fenestration over a five year period. The results obtained in 100 of these cases are presented. The overall success rate was 87 per cent but only 33 per cent of those with paraplegia and loss of conscious pain sensation regained the use of their hindlimbs.
A field investigation of kennel cough: Efficacy of different treatments
Authors: Thrusfield M. V. , Aitken C. G. G. , Muirhead R. H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe efficacy of antibiotics, corticosteroids and antitussives in the treatment of kennel cough was investigated in clinical cases in the field, using information recorded on questionnaires distributed to a random sample of veterinary practitioners in the United Kingdom. Analysis of the results demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the duration of coughing between treated and untreated dogs when a trimethoprim‐sulphonamide combination, oxytetracycline, ampicillin/amoxycillin, or corticosteroid were administered alone, and when ampicillin/ amoxycillin‐corticosteroid or trimethoprim‐sulphonamide‐corticosteroid combinations were given. The estimated median duration of coughing between treated and untreated animals when a trimethoprim‐sulphonamide combination or ampicillin/amoxycillin were administered alone also differed significantly. The most efficacious drug was trimethoprim‐sulphonamide, administered alone.
A probable case of hypoparathyroidism in a cat
Authors: Parker J. S. L. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIdiopathic hypoparathyroidism was suspected in a young female cat. The relevant historical and clinical findings were: anorexia, intermittent muscle tremors, hindlimb ataxia, behavioural changes and cataracts. Salient laboratory findings were: hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia and normal renal function (normal serum urea and creatinine concentrations with hypersthenuria). No evidence of intestinal malabsorption, pancreatitis or nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism was found. Treatment with oral synthetic vitamin D (1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol) and intravenous and oral calcium supplements was successful in correcting the hypocalcaemia and abolishing the clinical signs.
Pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia
Authors: Moon M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA seven‐month‐old collie and a four‐year‐old Jack Russell terrier were presented with coughing and dyspnoea of varying duration. A peripheral and pulmonary eosinophilia was detected in both dogs. After ruling out heartworm disease, lungworms, fungal pneumonia and drug reactions, a diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia was made. Dramatic relief of clinical signs, radiographic infiltrate and peripheral eosinophilia occurred after administration of glucocorticoids.
Feline spongiform encephalopathy
Authors: Grufiydd‐Jones T. J. , Galloway P. E. , Pearson G. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews the recently recognised condition of feline spongiform encephalopathy and its importance as a neurological disorder of cats. Its possible origin and relationship to other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are discussed.
Tremor syndromes in dogs: Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Bagley R. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTremor is frequently associated with a variety of diseases in human beings and animals. Unlike humans beings, however, many tremor disorders of animals resist strict classification and have poorly defined aetiologies. In dogs, generalised tremor is more commonly recognised than tremor localised to one body area. History and clinical presentation remain important in the differential diagnosis of these disorders. Appropriate therapy for several of these syndromes can result in long term control or resolution of tremor.
Canine urolithiasis in Sweden and Norway: Retrospective survey of prevalence and epidemiology
Authors: Wallerström B. I. , Wågberg T. I. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIt was estimated that 23 to 24 dogs per 10,000 in Sweden were operated on for urolithiasis between 1956 and 1982. During this period urinary calculi were confirmed in 2898 dogs of 95 breeds, chiefly in chondrodystrophic and well proportioned (not short legged) miniature breeds. The distribution between the sexes in the period 1956 to 1970 was estimated at 57 per cent male and 43 per cent female in the chondrodystrophic breeds, 74 per cent male and 26 per cent female in the well proportioned miniatures, and 83 per cent and 17 per cent female in the large breeds; in the dalmatian (1956 to 1982) 94 per cent were male and 6 per cent female. Urinary calculi were found at a younger age in the chondrodystrophic breeds (1956 to 1970) than in the well proportioned miniature dogs and in large dogs (P<0–001). It was estimated that five dogs per 10,000 in Norway were operated on for urolithiasis between 1956 and 1970. During this period urinary calculi were diagnosed in 71 dogs of 28 breeds. Seventy‐nine per cent were male and 21 per cent were female. Urolithiasis in dogs appears to be chiefly constitutionally dependent. Chondrodystrophic breeds and small breeds are particularly susceptible.
Diagnosis of ehrlichiosis from the presence of inclusion bodies or morulae of E can is
Authors: Elias E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPeripheral blood smears (stained with May‐Griinwald‐Giemsa) taken from 250 dogs showing clinical signs suggestive of ehrlichiosis were examined for the presence of inclusion bodies or morulae of Ehrlichia canis. Inclusion bodies were seen in 220 (88 per cent) cases, of which only 9 (4 per cent) cases exhibited morulae. Thus inclusions other than morulae may play an important role in the diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis in enzootic areas.
Lipoid pneumonia in a rough collie dog
Authors: Corcoran B. M. , Martin M. , Darke P. G. G. , Anderson A. , Head K. W. , Clutton R. E. , Else R. W. , Fuentes V. Luis 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe incidence of lipoid pneumonia in dogs is not known and confirmed cases do not appear to have been reported. Three forms of lipoid pneumonia are recognised in mammalian species; exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP), endogenous lipoid pneumonia (EnLP), and post‐obstructive endogenous lipoid pneumonia (PEnLP). All forms share similar microscopic characteristics of fat accumulation in the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages and are otherwise clinically indistinct from other forms of pneumonia. A case of lipoid pneumonia in a seven‐year‐old rough collie dog which was presented with recurrent bronchopneumonia over several months is reported here. Diagnosis was made from biopsy of resected lung tissue and from detection of fat‐containing vacuoles in macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. ELP could not be differentiated from PEnLP in this dog, but a complete recovery followed removal of the affected right accessory and caudal lung lobes.
Phenobarbitone‐responsive hypersialism in two dogs
Authors: Chapman B. L. , Malik R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTwo dogs were examined for hypersialism associated with non‐painful, symmetrical enlargement of both mandibular salivary glands. These signs were accompanied by inappetence and weight loss. The underlying cause of the problem could not be determined despite extensive investigations including fine needle aspiration biopsy of affected salivary glands. Hypersialism and mandibular salivary gland enlargement resolved completely during pheno‐barbitone administration.
Generalised amyloidosis and acute liver haemorrhage in four cats
Authors: Blunden A. S. , Smith K. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTOver a period of three years, four domestic shorthaired cats from a breeding colony were presented with a history of acute collapse or short illness leading to euthanasia. Post mortem examinations and histopathology revealed generalised amyloidosis, with severe hepatic involvement and associated liver haemorrhage. The clinicopathological findings are detailed and compared with existing reports of this unusual manifestation of amyloidosis in the cat.