bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged retrograde amnesia following sedation with propofol in a 12‐year‐old boy
Authors: QURAISHI SADEQ A. , GIRDHARRY TYRONE D. , XU SHU‐GUANG , ORKIN FREDRICK K. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryPropofol is commonly used for sedation in a variety of clinical settings, as well as for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. The ease with which propofol can be administered and titrated to clinical effect, in addition to its accepted safety profile, has made it the drug of choice for sedation in outpatient procedures, such as gastrointestinal endoscopy. While short‐term amnesia is a well‐known side‐effect of propofol, we present the first documented case of prolonged retrograde amnesia following propofol administration in a pediatric patient. Possible mechanisms and clinical management strategies related to this unique event are discussed.
Ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis: the Australasian experience
Authors: Rickard M. J. F. X. , Young C. J. , Bissett I. P. , Stitz R. , Solomon M. J. ,   Research Committee of the Colorectal Surgical Society of Australasia
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjective  The aim of this project was to establish and maintain an internet‐based database of all ileal pouch procedures performed in major centres in Australasia.Method  The initial three colorectal units contributing data are Auckland, northern Brisbane and Central Sydney Area Health Service. A web‐based database was designed. The data collection method was tested on a subgroup of 20 patients to ensure functionality. Data were collected in five main categories: patient demographics, preoperative data, operative details, postoperative complications and functional results.Results  Initial data are presented for 516 patients [363 J, (70%), 133 W (26%), 16 S pouches (3%)]. There were two deaths within 30 days (0.4%). The anastomotic leak rate overall, in handsewn (HSA) and stapled anastomoses (SA) respectively was 5.0%, 8.5% and 3.3% (P = 0.02 for difference HSA vs SA). Incidence of pouchitis was 20% (ulcerative colitis 23%, Crohn's disease 20%, indeterminate colitis 22%, familial adenomatous polyposis 9%). Incidence of anal stricture requiring intervention (11% overall) was significantly greater in HSAs than in SAs (16%vs 9%, P = 0.02). Incidence of small bowel obstruction at any time postoperatively was 16%. Functional data were available for 234 patients. The median frequency of bowel actions during waking hours was significantly less in W pouches than in J pouches (four vs five, P = 0.0005).Conclusion  A national web‐based database has been developed for access by all Australasian colorectal units. Initial Australasian data compare favourably with other international studies. Pouchitis continues to be a long‐term problem. The leak rate and rate of late anal stricture requiring a procedure are higher if the anastomosis is handsewn rather than stapled. Functional results are better with the W pouch than with the J pouch.
Major hepatectomy in patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases: whether or not a contraindication to simultaneous colorectal and liver resection?
Authors: Jovine E. , Biolchini F. , Talarico F. , Lerro F. M. , Mastrangelo L. , Selleri S. , Landolfo G. , Martuzzi F. , Iusco D. R. , Lazzari A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjective  Synchronous hepatic lesions account for 15–25% of newly diagnosed colorectal cancer and its optimal timing to surgery is not completely defined, but simultaneous colorectal and liver resection is recently gaining acceptance, at least in patients with a right colonic primary and liver metastases that need a minor hepatectomy to be fully resected.Method  From September 2002 to December 2004, 16 patients underwent simultaneous resection as treatment of synchronous colorectal liver resection; in 10 patients (62.5%) a major hepatectomy was performed.Results  The mean duration of intervention was 322.5 ± 59.5 min, operative mortality and morbidity rates was 0% and 25% respectively; the hospitalization was 14.4 (range 8–60) days on average. Mean follow‐up was 14 months and actuarial survival was 76.5% at 1 year and 63.5% at 2 years.Conclusion  We concluded that simultaneous colonic and liver resection should be undertaken in selected patients with synchronous colorectal liver resection regardless of the extent of hepatectomy; major liver resection, in fact, seems capable of providing better oncological results, allowing resection of liver micrometastases that, in almost one‐third of the patients, are located in the same liver lobe of macroscopic lesions, without increased morbidity rates.
Prevalence of obesity in Denmark
Authors: Due P. , Heitmann B. L. , Sørensen T. I. A. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThere has been a pronounced, distinctive increase of the prevalence of obesity within almost all age groups of the Danish population, during the last 25–30 years. The largest increase has been documented in studies based on objective data from total populations and the latest data show the increase will continue. The Danish studies show heterogeneity in the development of the obesity epidemic. A close association with birth cohorts indicates a need for further aetiological research, not only into behavioural factors, but also into early life factors that may explain some of this developmental pattern.
The Political Stability and Growth Pact is Dead: Long Live the Economic Stability and Growth Pact*
Authors: LEBLOND PATRICK 
Published: December 2006

AbstractEuro area countries suspended the excessive deficit procedure (EDP) of the Stability and Growth Pact in November 2003. Surprisingly perhaps, long‐term European government bond‐holders did not react: yields barely moved. Owing to its political nature, the EDP does not matter for investors. What matters is the implicit economic pact that investors have made with Member State governments.
Insights into the gyrification of developing ferret brain by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Neal Jason , Takahashi Masaya , Silva Matthew , Tiao Grace , Walsh Christopher A. , Sheen Volney L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe developmental mechanisms underlying the formation of human cortical convolutions (gyri and sulci) remain largely unknown. Genetic causes of lissencephaly (literally ‘smooth brain’) would imply that disorders in neuronal migration cause the loss of cortical convolutions. However, prior studies have suggested that loss of sulci and gyri can also arise from impaired proliferation, disrupted lamination and loss of intracortical connections. To gain further insight into the mechanisms underlying the formation of cortical convolutions, we examined the progressive brain development of the gyrencephalic ferret. In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging to follow the temporal and spatial pattern of neuronal migration, proliferation and differentiation in relation to the onset and development of cortical convolutions. In this manner, we demonstrate that the onset of gyrification begins largely after completion of neuronal proliferation and migration. Gyrification occurs in a lateral to medial gradient, during the period of most rapid cerebral cortical growth. Cortical folding is also largely complete prior to myelination of the underlying cortical axons. These observations are consistent with gyrification arising secondary to cortical processes involving neuronal differentiation.
Isolation of functional chloroplasts from the sacoglossan mollusc Elysia viridis Montague
Authors: WILLIAMS MICHAEL L. , COBB A. H. 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARYA novel technique has been developed in which functional chloroplasts have been isolated and purified from the symbiotic sacoglossan mollusc Elysia viridis, Montague. This entailed the progressive filtration and gel‐filtration of a hyaluronidase‐incubated homogenate. Isopycnic centrifugation of the resultant crude chloroplast suspension reduced the cytoplasmic/mitochondrial and microbody contamination by approx. 70 and 90% respectively. Purified chloroplast suspensions were capable of linear rates of 14CO2 fixation for at least 25 min at 50 μmol m2 s−1 (PPFD), even though approx. 54% of assimilate was being released into the bathing medium. Values for CO2 fixation and assimilate release were similar to those obtained for the intact mollusc.
Restriction mapping of genomic DNA from five cyanophages infecting the heterocystous cyanobacteria Nostoc and Anabaena
Authors: BANCROFT I. , SMITH R. J. 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARYThe positions of the cleavage sites of several restriction endonucleases were mapped in DNA isolated from the cyanophages A‐1L, A‐4L, AN‐10, AN‐13 and AN‐23, which were replicated in Anabaena PCC 7120. Similarities within the maps show AN‐13 and AN‐23 to be closely related strains. A‐1L and AN‐10 also appear to be related, but show more divergence. The maps of A‐1L and AN‐10 are circular, apparently as the result of circular permutation of sequences. The maps of the other cyanophages are linear.
Rooting and establishment of Calabrian pine plantlets propagated in vitro: influence of growth substances, rooting medium and origin of explant
Authors: ABDULLAH A. A. , GRACE J. , YEOMAN M. M. 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARYThe effect of auxins and a cytokinin on induction of roots in cultured axillary shoots of Pinus brutia Ten, has been tested. Auxin was crucial for root initiation and the rooting response varied according to the type and concentration of auxin applied. Both auxin and cytokinin and the interactions between them affected the quantity and quality of the induced roots. Aerated non‐sterile tap water was an effective rooting medium, comparable to agar. After planting out into soil, some of the influences of auxin and cytokinin could still be seen after six months. However, roots developed normally in the soil, displaying dichotomous lateral branches. The results draw attention to the need for care in the choice and application of the medium for the initial induction of roots. Results of greenhouse trials indicated that the most vigorous plants were obtained via the axillary shoots.
THE SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS SEROTONIN IN BRAIN TISSUE: COMPARISON OF SYNAPTOSOMES STORING SEROTONIN, NOREPINEPHRINE, AND γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID1
Authors: Kuhar M. J. , Shaskan E. G. , Snyder S. H. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract— We have studied the subcellular distribution of exogenous and endogenous serotinin in slices from the hypothalamus and midbrain of several species. In a procedure which appears to label the endogenous pools, tissue slices were incubated with low concentrations of [3H]5‐HT (5 × 10‐8 M), for 45 min, when there was apparent equilibrium between [3H]5‐HT of tissue and medium. After the tissue slices were homogenized in 0‐32 M‐sucrose and subjected to differential centrifugation, the distribution of exogenous and endogenous 5‐HT in pellets and supernatant fluid was similar.In some experiments, the crude mitochondrial pellets were resuspended in 0‐32 M‐sucrose, layered on linear, continuous density gradients of sucrose (1 ‐5‐0‐32 M), and centrifuged for short times (incomplete equilibrium centrifugation). The subcellular distribution of particulate tritium, total tritium, and particulate endogenous 5‐HT was the same in portions of the gradients containing synaptosomes. The peak distribution of [3H]5‐HT in sucrose gradients was separable from the peak for [14C]GABA by four to five fractions; potassium (a marker for cytoplasm occluded within synaptosomes) occurred in the regions of the gradients containing most of the labelled compounds. The distribution of monoamine oxidase activity (a mitochondrial marker) overlapped the distribution of [3H]5‐HT after a 15 min centrifugation but appeared in denser regions of the gradient after centrifuging for 2 h. Particles containing [3H]5‐HT and [I4C]NE were slightly but consistently separable in synaptosomal fractions isolated from the hypothalamus or midbrain of rat, guinea pig and hamster.
PURIFICATION AND SOME PROPERTIES OF S‐100 PROTEIN FRACTIONS FROM SHEEP AND PIG BRAINS
Authors: Uyemura K. , Vincendon G. , Gombos G. , Mandel P. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract— The S‐100 protein fraction of pig and sheep brain was purified in 40 per cent yield by a modification of the procedure of Moore (1965), which avoided selective loss of S‐100 components. The S‐100 fraction of both pig and sheep is a mixture of proteins as indicated by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and N‐terminal amino acid analysis. Differences in amino acid composition, electrophoretic heterogenity and N‐terminal analysis were found.One fraction (fraction A) was isolated by DEAE‐Sephadex chromatography from pig brain S‐100 protein fraction. It was considered to be a single protein since it migrated as a single band on acrylamide gel electrophoresis and showed a single symmetrical peak during ultracentrifugal analysis. Only one N‐terminal amino acid was detected in fraction A. The amino acid composition of this fraction showed minor but significant differences from that of the complete S‐100 protein fraction from pig brain. The S‐100 protein fraction of both species, as well as fraction A, had similar s20, w values and similar molecular weights (about 20,000) as indicated by gel filtration. These results, together with the immunological data obtained by other authors, suggest that the proteins of the S‐100 fraction are closely related; the heterogeneity of the S‐100 protein fraction may be of the same type as the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes.
AMINO ACID INCORPORATION INTO PROTEIN IN NEURONAL CELL BODY AND NEUROPIL FRACTIONS IN VITRO
Authors: Tiplady B. , Rose S. P. R. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract—

The incorporation of radioactivity from [3H]lysine into acid‐insoluble material in vitro in mixed cell suspensions and isolated neuronal and neuropil fractions has been followed.
In the mixed cell suspension, incorporation was linear in fresh preparations for up to 60 min. In cold stored preparations, incorporation began to fall off after 30 min. Incorporation, at 4‐11 pmol/mg protein/h, was intermediate between that in the tissue slice and in a cell‐free preparation. Addition of a mixture of non‐labelled amino acids at 1 mM produced a 30‐40 per cent inhibition of incorporation. Molar rates of incorporation of glutamate and tryptophan into the mixed cell fractions were respectively 73 and 1‐4 times that of lysine.
Only 8 per cent of the incorporated radioactivity could be recovered in soluble as opposed to particulate material. After hydrolysis of the protein, followed by paper chromatography and autoradiography, radioactivity was detected only in the position corresponding to lysine.
Incorporation in the separated cell fractions was not markedly reduced by the centri‐fugation procedure. Incorporation into the neuronal fraction was 2‐2‐6 times that into the neuropil fraction, depending on the amino acid used. Incorporation into both was reduced by some 40 per cent by addition of an amino acid mixture.
Comparison of in vivo and in vitro data suggest that the differences in rate of incorporation are characteristic of neurons and neuropil in situ.
QUANTITATIVE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE IN THE RAT HIPPOCAMPAL REGION
Authors: Storm‐Matheen J. , Fonnum F. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract— The distribution of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was studied in hippocampus regio superior and in area dentata. In both regions the enzyme showed a bimodal distribution profile with peak activities in the molecular and pyramidal layers of hippocampus, and in the molecular and granular layers of area dentata. The pyramidal and granular layers contain the terminals and perikarya of inhibitory intrinsic neurones, the basket cells. The molecular layers contain neurones of similar morphology but with unknown function. GAD showed a very low activity in fimbria, a major pathway of fibres efferent and afferent to the hippocampal region.The data are consistent with GAD being concentrated within the inhibitory local neurones of the hippocampal region.
IN VITRO TRANSFORMATION OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE OR ITS SULPHATE INTO ANDROSTENEDIOL OR ITS SULPHATE BY RAT BRAIN AND BLOOD PREPARATIONS1,2
Authors: Kishimoto Y. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract— –Enzymic transformation of [4‐14C]dehydroepiandrosterone or [4‐14C]dehydro‐epiandrosterone sulphate to androstenediol or its sulphate occurred when incubated with a microsomal preparation of rat brain or a whole rat blood homogenate. The brain enzyme which appeared to cause this transformation had a pH optimum at 60, was NADPH2‐dependent, and had an apparent Km of 4·6 × 10−6m. When the subcellular fractions of rat brain were compared for transformation, microsomes had the highest specific activity, followed by the cytosol. The crude nuclear and mitochondrial fractions had no significant activity. The level of enzymic activity in the brain microsomes increased from that for rats sacrificed at 7 days of postnatal age to a maximum for rats sacrificed at 1 month of age; then the activity appeared to level off in rats older than 1 month. Microsomes obtained from the cerebellum had the highest specific activity in comparison to that obtained from the cerebral cortex, the diencephalon, and the brain stem. The incubated preparations of rat brain also converted dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate to androstenediol sulphate without hydrolysis.The enzyme in rat blood which was similar to that in the brain was also partially characterized. The blood enzyme had a pH optimum at 6–5, was nearly exclusively present in erythrocytes, was also NADPH2‐dependent, and had an apparent Km of 2·7 × 10−4m. The developmental pattern of the blood enzyme specific activity was similar to that of the rat brain enzyme. Upon haemolysis, most activity was recovered in the haemolysate.
THE UPTAKE OF γ‐[3H]AMINOBUTYRIC ACID BY SLICES FROM VARIOUS REGIONS OF RAT BRAIN AND THE EFFECT OF LITHIUM
Authors: Bond P. A. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract— Slices from various regions of rat brain, incubated at 25°C, rapidly accumulate [3H]GABA from the surrounding medium until after 60min tissue:medium ratios as high as 300 may be achieved. Kinetic analysis has demonstrated two distinct uptake systems for GABA in all the brain regions examined. One system has a relatively high substrate affinity (Km= 1.2 ± 10‐5 M) while the other has a lower affinity (Km= 4 ± 10‐4 M). Studies at low GABA concentration (5 ± 10‐8 M), as well as estimates of maximum velocities, have shown that the distribution of the high affinity uptake system is heterogeneous. Cortex, hypothala mus, midbrain and hippocampus have relatively high uptake rates while the striatum, cerebellum and pons and medulla have a lower uptake rate. Maximum velocities for the low affinity uptake system show much less regional variation.Lithium, either added to the incubation medium or fed to rats, had no effect on the uptake of GABA by cortical slices.
3‐METHOXY‐4‐HYDROXYPHENYLETHANOL IN THE RAT BRAIN
Authors: Braestrup C. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract— The neutral dopamine metabolite, 3‐methoxy4hydroxypenylethanol (MOPET) can be measured in the rat brain by a GLC method using a pentaflouropropionic derivative and electron capture detector. The identity of MOPET is verified by mass spectrographic analyses.The endogenous level of MOPET of 16.6 ng/g whole rat brain can be raised more than four‐fold by intraperitoneal injection of L‐DOPA, dopamine or MOPET. In contrast intraventricular injection of dopamine or intraperitoneal injection of L‐DOPA plus a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor (Ro 4‐4602)., results in small and insignificant increase bf MOPET in the CNS.It is concluded that MOPET is probably of low significance to central dopamine metabolism and that MOPET found in the rat brain is predominantly of peripheral origin.
GLYCOGEN AND GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE IN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX OF MICE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF METHIONINE SULPHOXIMINE
Authors: Folbergrovaa Jaroslava 
Published: December 2006

Abstract— Glucose and glycogen levels in the mouse cerebral cortex in vivo were studied after recovery from methionine sulphoximine seizures. The animals appeared normal 24 h after methionine sulphoximine administration but both glucose and glycogen still persisted at higher levels 72 h after injection (by 64 and 275 per cent, respectively). When seizures were prevented by methionine, the increase in glucose and glycogen at the longer time intervals was significantly smaller than in animals treated with methionine sulphoximine only; glucose reached normal values at 48 or 72 h; the accumulation of glycogen was reduced by about three to five times, but after 72 h the levels were still significantly higher than in control animals (67 or 32 per cent increase, depending on the administered dose of methionine).In contrast to the considerable accumulation of glycogen after administration of methionine sulphoximine in vivo, it had no effect on the level of glycogen in brain cortex slices in vitro. After 3 h incubation in the absence of methionine sulphoximine, glycogen was resynthesized to a level of about 4 μmol/g wet tissue and this value was not significantly affected by the presence of various concentrations of methionine sulphoximine in the incubation medium (10‐5 to 10‐2 M). The total (a+b forms) phosphorylase activity of mouse cerebral cortex in vivo after methionine sulphoximine administration was not affected. The fraction of active phosphorylase was reduced by about 50 per cent at the time of seizures. When seizures were prevented by methionine, the decrease in active phosphorylase was also completely prevented. In the preconvulsive period (1‐2 h) and after recovery from the seizures (48 h after methionine sulphoximine administration) active phosphorylase was normal. The possible mechanisms involved in the increased accumulation of glycogen after methionine sulphoximine administration are discussed.
EFFECT OF DIBUTYRYL‐CYCLIC AMP and DEXAMETHASONE ON NORADRENALINE SYNTHESIS IN ISOLATED SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLIA
Authors: Keen P. , McLean W. G. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract— Incubation with dibutyryl‐cyclic AMP increased levels of both noradrenaline and dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase in isolated rat superior cervical ganglia. Dexamethasone also increased the dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase content but did not affect noradrenaline levels. Cycloheximide blocked the effect of dibutyryl‐cyclic AMP on ganglion dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase but did not affect the rise in noradrenaline content.Dibutyryl‐cyclic AMP increased the synthesis of noradrenaline from [14C]tyrosine but not from [3H]DOPA.The results are discussed in terms of a possible role for cyclic AMP in the control of noradrenaline synthesis in sympathetic ganglia.
THE EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION UPON THE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO INCORPORATION OF TRITIATED AMINO ACIDS INTO BRAIN PROTEINS IN THE RAT AT THREE DIFFERENT AGE LEVELS
Authors: Bobillier P. , Sakai F. , Seguin S. , Jouvet M. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract— The effect of sleep deprivation on the in vivo and in vitro tritiated amino acid incorporation into brain proteins was studied in the rat at three age levels. Sleep deprivation was induced either by water tank or handling methods. Three experimental groups of animals were used: control, sleep deprived and post deprivation sleeping rats.A significant decrease of protein synthesis was found in the cerebellum, telencephalon and in crude subcellular fractions of brainstem of adult rats selectively deprived of paradoxical sleep. However, no alteration of protein synthesis was observed either in vivo or in vitro, in the same brain regions or in the liver after the rebound of paradoxical sleep following deprivation.In four crude subcellular protein fractions a specific increase of the in vitro labelled amino acid incorporation was observed in the brain stem of 24‐day‐old rats allowed to recuperate after sleep deprivation as compared with the deprived rats. No significant changes were seen in the telencephalon.No alteration of incorporation was found in 7‐day‐old rats deprived of sleep.The possible functional significance of these results is discussed in relation to stress and to variations in the size of the precursor pool for protein synthesis.