bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct and spillover effects of a new tramway line on the commercial vitality of peripheral streets: a synthetic-control approach
Authors: Grossi Giulio , Mariani Marco , Mattei Alessandra , Lattarulo Patrizia , Öner Özge 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In cities, the creation of public transport infrastructure such as light rails can cause changes on a very detailed spatial scale, with different stories unfolding next to each other within the same urban neighbourhood. We study the direct effect of a light rail line built in Florence (Italy) on the retail density of the street where it was built and its spillover effect on other streets in the treated street’s neighbourhood. To this aim, we investigate the use of the synthetic control group (SCG) methods in panel comparative case studies where interference between the treated and the untreated units is plausible, an issue still little researched in the SCG methodological literature. We frame our discussion in the potential outcomes approach. Under a partial interference assumption, we formally define relevant direct and spillover causal effects.
Repeated sexual intercourse as a coping strategy for men with premature ejaculation
Authors: Wang Chunlin , Colonnello Elena , Sansone Andrea , Zhang Hui , Jannini Emmanuele A , Zhang Yan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with premature ejaculation (PE) are often concerned and distressed about their sexual performance. Hence, they may be more willing to exploit their refractory period to employ sexual coping strategies in order to improve their unsatisfactory sexual intercourse compared with patients without PE.

Aim
The study sought to verify the sexual coping strategies of patients with PE in the daily sexual activities.

Methods
We included both patients with PE and individuals without PE and analyzed their sexual behaviors and attitudes by means of detailed interviews and questionnaires.

Outcomes
The main outcomes were perceived intravaginal ejaculatory latency time recording, Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool score, and sexual frequency, attitudes, and behavior log.

Results
A total of 182 young patients with PE (age 31.2 ± 6.2 years) and 92 individuals without PE (age 30.7 ± 5.1 years) were included in the study. A total of 53.3% of patients with PE vs 17.4% of individuals without PE reported engaging in multiple sexual intercourse sessions within a single day in the past 4 weeks. PE patients who engaged in multiple intercourse sessions displayed better performance during the second attempt but performed poorly compared with individuals without PE. Scores for the first attempt in PE vs second attempt in individuals with PE vs without PE were the following: intravaginal ejaculatory latency time, 2.4 ± 1.6 vs 4.8 ± 5.7 vs 9.9 ± 9.4 (P &lt; .001); Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool, 14.9 ± 3.1 vs 12.7 ± 4.8 vs 5.2 ± 2.5 (P &lt; .001); satisfaction, 2.9 ± 1.0 vs 3.1 ± 0.8 vs 3.7 ± 1.4 (P &lt; .001). A total of 57.1% of patients held a negative attitude toward precoital masturbation, for reasons such as a reduced sexual desire (21.2%), the belief that masturbation is harmful (17.6%), concerns about erectile function (15.7%), fatigue (9.8%), and other mixed reasons (35.3%).

Clinical Implications
Engaging in multiple intercourse sessions within a day is more common among the young PE population, and using precoital masturbation as a coping strategy is not universally applicable among patients with PE.

Strengths and Limitations
This is the first study to explore symptom-coping strategies in patients with PE compared with individuals without PE. However, the conclusions cannot be generalized to the entire male population.

Conclusion
Patients with PE, compared with individuals without PE, are more inclined to engage in multiple sexual intercourse sessions within a single sexual session, likely in an attempt to compensate for their first unsatisfactory sexual encounter. Moreover, the majority of patients with PE here studied hold a negative attitude toward using precoital masturbation as a coping strategy for symptoms.
Realization of a quadrupole topological insulator phase in a gyromagnetic photonic crystal
Authors: Zhou Peiheng , Liu Gui-Geng , Wang Zihao , Li Shuwei , Xie Qindong , Zhang Yunpeng , Mandal Subhaskar , Xi Xiang , Gao Zhen , Deng Longjiang , Zhang Baile 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
The field of topological photonics was initiated with the realization of a Chern insulator phase in a gyromagnetic photonic crystal (PhC) with broken time-reversal symmetry (T), hosting chiral edge states that are topologically protected propagating modes. Along a separate line of research, a quadrupole topological insulator was the first higher-order topological phase supporting localized corner states, but has been so far limited to T-invariant systems, as T is a key ingredient in early models. Here we report the realization of a quadrupole topological insulator phase in a gyromagnetic PhC, as a consequence of topological phase transition from the previously demonstrated Chern insulator phase. The phase transition has been demonstrated with microwave measurements, which characterize the evolution from propagating chiral edge states to localized corner states. We also demonstrate the migration of topological boundary states into the continuum, when the gyromagnetic PhC is magnetically tuned. These results extend the quadrupole topological insulator phase into T-broken systems, and integrate topologically protected propagating and localized modes in a magnetically tunable photonic crystal platform.
Earth-abundant Zn–dipyrrin chromophores for efficient CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Guo Song , Zeng Fu-Gui , Li Xiao-Di , Chen Kai-Kai , Wang Ping , Lu Tong-Bu , Zhang Zhi-Ming 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
The development of strong sensitizing and Earth-abundant antenna molecules is highly desirable for CO2 reduction through artificial photosynthesis. Herein, a library of Zn–dipyrrin complexes (Z-1−Z-6) are rationally designed via precisely controlling their molecular configuration to optimize strong sensitizing Earth-abundant photosensitizers. Upon visible-light excitation, their special geometry enables intramolecular charge transfer to induce a charge-transfer state, which was first demonstrated to accept electrons from electron donors. The resulting long-lived reduced photosensitizer was confirmed to trigger consecutive intermolecular electron transfers for boosting CO2-to-CO conversion. Remarkably, the Earth-abundant catalytic system with Z-6 and Fe-catalyst exhibits outstanding performance with a turnover number of &gt;20 000 and 29.7% quantum yield, representing excellent catalytic performance among the molecular catalytic systems and highly superior to that of noble-metal photosensitizer Ir(ppy)2(bpy)+ under similar conditions. Experimental and theoretical investigations comprehensively unveil the structure–activity relationship, opening up a new horizon for the development of Earth-abundant strong sensitizing chromophores for boosting artificial photosynthesis.
Factors Influencing Adherence to the Risk Management Program for Women With a Genetic Predisposition to Breast Cancer: Real-World Data from a French Multicenter Program
Authors: Zhou Ke , Bellanger Martine , Crivelli Louise , Laham Sandy , Huet Charlotte , Abadie Caroline 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Risk management programs targeting women with genetic predispositions to breast cancer (BC), eg, BRCA1 and BRCA2, are effective assuming full adherence with the program protocol. However, high risk to BC in women and equal access to care may not result in high and uniform adherence with the program.

Objective
To elucidate factors influencing adherence with screening program in women with genetic predispositions to BC.

Material and Methods
We retrieved data from a multicenter pathogenic-related BC surveillance program across 4 French regions. We used multilevel logistic modeling to analyze factors of adherence with the program, with “on-time” or postponed screening as the dependent variable.

Results
Seven hundred and seventy-eight participants were followed for a 4.7-year median. We observed 2796 annual screening rounds and 5.4% postponed rounds with a 6-month margin. Women with prevalent BC and carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations did not have on-time annual screenings any more than women low cancer risk. Better adherence was observed with screenings after the 2nd round, with higher total number of rounds. Having one or more recalls was significantly associated with worse adherence. No contextual factors affected adherence. Furthermore, postponed rounds increased between 2018 and 2020 compared to 2015 and 2017.

Conclusion
Having a higher BC risk status does not result in better adherence to the risk management program. However, factors directly related to screening rounds reduced postponements. Future research should address the benefits of screening-related organizational factors that contribute to adherence improvement.
Percutaneous fixation versus open reduction and internal fixation in treatment of medial malleolus fracture
Authors: Elsayed Ali Abdelrazek Mahmoud , Hegazy Mohammed Osama , Zakaria Ahmed Ramy 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Medial malleolus fractures are common orthopedic injuries that require prompt and effective treatment. This study aimed to compare two treatment approaches, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and closed reduction and percutaneous fixation (CRPF), for isolated medial malleolus fractures in adults.

Methods:
This randomized controlled trial included 30 patients with isolated medial malleolus fracture who were assigned to either the ORIF or CRPF group using a simple randomization method. Surgical procedures were performed as described in the study, and post-operative management included splinting and regular clinical assessments.

Results:
Intraoperatively, CRPF demonstrated significantly lower operative time (33±5 min vs. 50±11 min, P < 0.001) but higher X-ray exposure (33±9 vs. 25±7, P=0.014) compared to ORIF. Post-operatively, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of delayed union, pain with movement, soft tissue infection, or time to full union.

Conclusions:
Both ORIF and CRPF are viable treatment options for isolated medial malleolus fractures in adults. CRPF offers advantages in terms of shorter operative time but requires increased fluoroscopy usage.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
What do we know about the role of menopause in cardiovascular autonomic regulation in hypertensive women?
Authors: Philbois Stella V. , Facioli Tabata P. , De Lucca Izabella , Veiga Ana C. , Chinellato Naiara , Simões Marcus V. , Tank Jens , Souza Hugo C.D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
We investigated the systemic arterial hypertension effects on cardiovascular autonomic modulation and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in women with or without preserved ovarian function.

Methods
A total of 120 women were allocated into two groups: middle-aged premenopausal women (42 ± 3 y old; n = 60) and postmenopausal women (57 ± 4 y old; n = 60). Each group was also divided into two smaller groups (n = 30): normotensive and hypertensive. We evaluated hemodynamic and anthropometric parameters, cardiorespiratory fitness, BRS, heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure variability. The effects of hypertension and menopause were assessed using a two-way analysis of variance. Post hoc comparisons were performed using the Student-Newman-Keuls test.

Results
Comparing premenopausal groups, women with systemic arterial hypertension showed lower BRS (9.1 ± 4.4 vs 13.4 ± 4.2 ms/mm Hg, P < 0.001) and HRV total variance (1,451 ± 955 vs 2,483 ± 1,959 ms2, P = 0.005) values than normotensive; however, the vagal predominance still remained. On the other hand, both postmenopausal groups showed an expressive reduction in BRS (8.3 ± 4.2 vs 11.3 ± 4.8 ms/mm Hg, P < 0.001) and HRV characterized by sympathetic modulation predominance (low-frequency oscillations; 56% ± 17 vs 44% ± 17, P < 0.001), in addition to a significant increase in blood pressure variability variance (28.4 ± 14.9 vs 22.4 ± 12.5 mm Hg2, P = 0.015) compared with premenopausal groups. Comparing both postmenopausal groups, the hypertensive group had significantly lower values ​​of HRV total variance (635 ± 449 vs 2,053 ± 1,720 ms2, P < 0.001) and BRS (5.3 ± 2.8 vs 11.3 ± 3.2 ms/mm Hg) than the normotensive.

Conclusions
Hypertensive middle-aged premenopausal women present HRV autonomic modulation impairment, but they still maintain a vagal predominance. After menopause, even normotensive women show sympathetic autonomic predominance, which may also be associated with aging. Furthermore, postmenopausal women with hypertension present even worse cardiac autonomic modulation.
Redesigning nurse practitioner clinical education with a Dyad/POD model: A feasibility study
Authors: Burns Dana , Breckenridge Leigh Ann , Gregory Allison , Nye Carla 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Clinical education for nurse practitioner (NP) students is increasingly challenging. With fewer preceptors, lack of resources and time burden, finding clinical placements is a burdensome responsibility. Also, when students have multiple preceptors, there may be inconsistencies when evaluating students. With the change to competency-based education, consistency is crucial when evaluating NP students. Typical preceptorship with students is a 1:1:1 ratio: one student with one preceptor for one semester. The Dyad/Precepting to Optimize Development (POD) model has potential to improve clinical precepting. Precepting to optimize development refers to a consistent team of students, preceptors, and faculty over the course of the students' education. Dyad refers to two students with one preceptor. Students rotate in dyad pairs every 4–8 weeks with a consistent group of preceptors, and see these same preceptors again over the course of their educational journey. Preceptors met monthly to collaborate, discuss, and learn. This article reports on the outcomes of a mixed-methods feasibility study that occurred over a year. The students, preceptors, and faculty report satisfaction with the model. Several themes arose during analysis of focus group sessions. Those themes were as follows: safe learning environment; everyone teaches, everyone learns; growth mindset; teaming culture and the POD structure is essential to the dyad. In conclusion, developing a different approach to precepting is essential to meet national provider needs. The Dyad/POD model provides consistency for development and evaluation of the NP student.
Increased Incidence of Vestibular Disorders in Patients With SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Lee Lawrance , French Evan , Coelho Daniel H. , Manzoor Nauman F. ,   on behalf of the N3C consortium.
Published: April 2024

Objective:
Determine the incidence of vestibular disorders in patients with SARS-CoV-2 compared to the control population.

Study Design:
Retrospective.

Setting:
Clinical data in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative database (N3C).

Methods:
Deidentified patient data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative database (N3C) were queried based on variant peak prevalence (untyped, alpha, delta, omicron 21K, and omicron 23A) from covariants.org to retrospectively analyze the incidence of vestibular disorders in patients with SARS-CoV-2 compared to control population, consisting of patients without documented evidence of COVID infection during the same period.

Results:
Patients testing positive for COVID-19 were significantly more likely to have a vestibular disorder compared to the control population. Compared to control patients, the odds ratio of vestibular disorders was significantly elevated in patients with untyped (odds ratio [OR], 2.39; confidence intervals [CI], 2.29–2.50; P < 0.001), alpha (OR, 3.63; CI, 3.48–3.78; P < 0.001), delta (OR, 3.03; CI, 2.94–3.12; P < 0.001), omicron 21K variant (OR, 2.97; CI, 2.90–3.04; P < 0.001), and omicron 23A variant (OR, 8.80; CI, 8.35–9.27; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The incidence of vestibular disorders differed between COVID-19 variants and was significantly elevated in COVID-19-positive patients compared to the control population. These findings have implications for patient counseling and further research is needed to discern the long-term effects of these findings.
Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Mentoring
Authors: Bechtel Kirsten , Langhan Melissa L. , Levine Deborah , Hanson Janice 
Published: April 2024

Background
Women in medicine have reported gender-specific obstacles to career success, such as a dearth of mentors and role models. Pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) is a female-dominated subspecialty of pediatrics yet is still impacted by gender inequality in many areas. No previous study has explored mentoring experiences of women PEM physicians and the impact on their career trajectory. We sought to explore the experiences of female PEM physicians with mentorship to determine aspects of mentoring that were successful or unsuccessful.

Methods
This was a qualitative study with criterion sampling of female PEM physicians. Members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section of Emergency Medicine completed semistructured interviews in 2022, recorded and transcribed verbatim. Our research team consisted of 3 PEM physicians. Using the constant comparative method, we analyzed transcripts by inductively developing codes, grouping codes into categories, and refining codes, descriptions, and group assignments to identify themes. Interpretations of and relationships among themes were iteratively discussed and revised by the team.

Results
Twenty-two participants were interviewed via telephone. The mean age of participants was 44 years old, and the majority (73%) identified as White, non-Hispanic, and at the rank of assistant professor (45%). Four themes were identified: (1) benefits of mentorship (recognition of need for mentorship and finding professional success), (2) finding mentors (processes to find mentors and mentor roles), (3) characteristics of successful mentors (personal and professional), and (4) impact of mentorship (career advancement or career sabotage).

Conclusions
We identified 4 themes that could be incorporated into mentoring programs and are associated with successful experiences for women PEM physicians. The detail and descriptions in our data provide guidance for mentoring programs that specifically address the needs of women in PEM.
Random adversarial threshold search enables automated DNA screening
Authors: Gretton Dana , Wang Brian , Edison Rey , Foner Leonard , Berlips Jens , Vogel Theia , Kysel Martin , Chen Walther , Sage-Ling Francesca , Van Hauwe Lynn , Wooster Stephen , Weinstein-Raun Benjamin , DeBenedictis Erika A. , Liu Andrew B. , Chory Emma , Cui Hongrui , Li Xiang , Dong Jiangbin , Fabrega Andres , Dennison Christianne , Don Otilia , Ye Cassandra Tong , Uberoy Kaveri , Rivest Ronald L. , Gao Mingyu , Yu Yu , Baum Carsten , Damgard Ivan , Yao Andrew C. , Esvelt Kevin M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCustom DNA synthesis underpins modern biology, but hazardous genes in the wrong hands could threaten many lives and public trust in science. In 1992, a virology-trained mass murderer tried and failed to obtain physical samples of Ebola; today, viruses can be assembled from synthetic DNA fragments. Screening orders for hazards is unreliable and expensive because similarity search algorithms yield false alarms requiring expert human review. Here we develop “random adversarial threshold” (RAT) search, which looks for exact matches to short nucleic acid and peptide subsequence windows from hazards and predicted functional variants that aren’t found in any known innocuous genes. To experimentally assess sensitivity, we used RAT search to protect nine windows from the M13 bacteriophage virus, then invited a “red team” to launch up to 21,000 attacks at each window and measure the fitness of their designed mutants. We identified defensible windows from regulated pathogens, built a curated test database that our M13 experiments indicate will block 99.999% of functional attacks, and verified its sensitivity against orders designed to evade detection. RAT search offers a way to safeguard biotechnology by securely automating DNA synthesis screening.SummarySearching for exact matches to pre-computed functional variants unique to hazardous genes enables sensitive, secure, and automated DNA synthesis screening.
T-cell development and activation in humanized mice lacking mouse major histocompatibility complexes
Authors: Darguzyte Milita , Antczak Philipp , Bachurski Daniel , Hoelker Patrick , Abedpour Nima , Gholamipoorfard Rahil , Schlößer Hans A. , Wennhold Kerstin , Thelen Martin , Garcia-Marquez Maria , König Johannes , Schneider Andreas , Braun Tobias , Klawonn Frank , Damrat Michael , Rahman Masudur , Kleid Jan-Malte , Theobald Sebastian J. , Bauer Eugen , von Kaisenberg Constantin , Talbot Steven , Shultz Leonard , Soper Brian , Stripecke Renata 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHumanized mice transplanted with CD34+hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) are used to study human immune responsesin vivo. However, the mismatch between the mouse major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) and the human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) is not optimal for T-cell development and can trigger xenograft reactivity. We evaluated human T-cell development in NOD.Scid.Gamma mice lacking expression of MHC class I and II (NSG-DKO). Human leukocyte engraftment was detectable at 8 weeks post-transplantation. Human CD4+and CD8+T-cells were detectable in blood, thymus, bone marrow and spleen of humanized NSG-DKO mice for up to 20 weeks post-transplantation. Further, we evaluated the effects of lentiviral vector (LV) systemic delivery of HLA-A*02:01, HLA-DRB1*04:01, human GM-CSF/IFN-α and the human cytomegalovirus gB antigen. LV delivery promoted development and activation of human central memory, αβ and γδ T-cells with amplifications of the T-cell repertoire. LV administration unleashed multiple reactome pathways such as type-I interferon responses, cell cycle and metabolic processes. In summary, development of human T-cells in humanized mice does not rely on mouse MHCs and can be boosted systemically via LV administration.