bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm into the inferior vena cava. A report of 3 cases
Authors: Seal P V , Shepherd R C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Three cases of spontaneous abdominal aortocaval fistula are described and the rarity of this condition is commented upon.
The distinct syndrome which may be associated with an aortocaval fistula is described. The authors emphasize that this syndrome is not an inevitable accompaniment of such a fistula. The management and the surgical technique of repair are restated.
Evaluation of a new alpha-blocking vasodilator agent (thymoxamine) in peripheral vascular disease
Authors: Kane S P 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effects on peripheral cutaneous blood-flow of the alpha-receptor blocking drug thymoxamine were measured by strain-gauge plethysmography in 58 subjects. The intravenous drug produced a substantial, though often transient, vasodilatation in the feet of normal subjects, and in most instances increased pedal blood-flow in non-sympathectomized patients with lower-limb arterial occlusions and healthy feet. In patients previously sympathectomized for either non-occlusive or occlusive disease of the lower limbs the effect of the drug was variable, even bringing about a reduction in pedal blood-flow in a number of cases. Intravenous thymoxamine regularly though briefly produced vasodilatation in the hands of patients sympathectomized for primary Raynaud'S disease, but the oral drug had no such action in most instances. It is concluded that systemic thymoxamine is unlikely to be of therapeutic benefit to the sympathecromized patient.
Treatment of carcinoma of the large intestine 1939-1968
Authors: Butler E C B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The immediate and late results of 196 cases of carcinoma of the colon and 669 cases of carcinoma of the rectum treated under the care of one surgeon between 1937 and 1968 are reviewed.
In tumours confined to the bowel the uncorrected 5-year survival rate was 75-90 per cent. Spread of the growth to the regional lymph-nodes greatly affected the prognosis. The changing pattern of surgical treatment undertaken during this period is discussed.
Perforated choledochus cyst
Authors: Jackson B T , Saunders P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two cases of perforated choledochus cyst are presented and the literature reviewed. One patient also had cysts of both hepatic ducts and the other hab been followed up for 14 years.
The difficulty of making the diagnosis at laparotomy is stressed and operative cholangiography recommended as a diagnostic aid. A two-stage biliary reconstruction is advised.
Other complications of choledochus cysts are discussed.
Radical mastectomy in the treatment of breast cancer: A follow-up study over ten and fifteen years
Authors: Lee R O , Lambley D G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Four hundred and two radical mastectomies have been followed up over a minimum period of 10 years. Postoperative radiotherapy was used only in cases with histologically proved glandular metastasis. The operation mortality was 1.5 per cent; crude survival rate, 44.8 per cent; deaths from other causes, 8.5 per cent; and cancer recurrence rate, 45 per cent. A 15-year follow-up of patients treated before 1955 has shown a further 5.6 per cent of late recurrences. Local recurrence, apart from generalized metastasis, has proved extremely rare in this series.
Resection with exteriorization in the management of faecal fistulas originating in the small intestine
Authors: Goligher J C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The management of faecal fistulas originating in the small intestine is discussed, with particular reference to the problems of surgical intervention. A plea is made for the use of resection of the fistulated segment of bowel with exteriorization of the ends whenever this proves practicable. This method was successful in 9 out of 10 cases in which it was employed.
The fate of experimental occlusive venous thrombi a combined histological and venographic study
Authors: Karmody A M , Walker F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Although recanalization of occluded veins is thought to be a common occurrence, careful repeated venographic follow-up of patients suggests that this is rare.
An experimental study of the fate of occlusive venous thrombi was carried out by matching the function of the occluded veins over varying intervals of time up to 12 weeks with their histological appearance.
The results show that although large endotheliallined spaces regularly occur in occluded veins, they seldom interconnect to allow a continuous functional channel. In this experiment, therefore, there was little evidence of functional recanalization.
The difficulties of the interpretation of both histological and venographic examinations are discussed and it is suggested that where possible a combination of both methods of investigation would provide the most accurate information on the fate of occlusive venous thrombosis.
The solitary thyroid nodule: A review of 771 thyroidectomy specimens
Authors: Knowlson G T G 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA review of 771 thyroidectomy specimens showed an incidence of carcinomas of 4.2 per cent. Despite opinion that the incidence of carcinomas in thyroid nodules is overmphasized, it is felt necessary still to encourage the careful examination of solitary nodules in young patients.
Chylous ascites following vagotomy
Authors: Clain Allan 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Chylous ascites following vagotomy is of utmost rarity, the second instance in the world literature being herein described. It is probably due to injury to an anomalous lymph-duct at operation. Treatment should be conservative at first, but if ascitic fluid reaccumulates after repeated paracentesis the damaged vessel should be sought operatively.
A contribution to the study of Hodgkin's disease: A late follow-up
Authors: Patey David H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The histories are given of 5 patients treated for Hodgkin's disease in 1955 by thymectomy in addition to the standard procedures of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. One died of myeloid leukaemia 6 1/2 years later, 1 died of Hodgkin's disease nearly 13 years later, and 3 are alive and in good general health at between 14 and 15 years later, 2 without disease and 1 with evidence of the disease on radiology and scanning in the liver and spleen. The probability is that these results stem from the standard procedures of treatment rather than from the thymectomy. Possible ways in which thymectomy might have an influence on the course of Hodgkin's disease are discussed. An additional case is reported of a young man who is alive and well without evidence of disease 8 years after excision of a mass of lymphosarcomatous lymph-nodes from the neck followed by thymectomy. No radiotherapy was given.
Carcinoma developing in a drainage sinus of chronic osteomyelitis of the humerus
Authors: Horn C V , Templeton A C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case is reported of a squamous-cell carcinoma arising in a drainage sinus of chronic osteomyelitis of the humerus. The site, the early age of onset, and the short history are remarkable It is suggested that racial variation may account for the early malignant change.
Topical noxythiolin antisepsis. Report of a controlled trial
Authors: Bird G G , Bunch G A , Croft C B , Hoffmann D C , Humphrey C S , Rhind J R , Rosenberg I L , Whittaker M , Wilkinson A R , Hall R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Noxythiolin powder, 600 mg., deposited in the layers of the abdominal wall of right iliac fossa musclesplitting incisions after appendicectomy seemed to be without serious side-effects. However, no benefit was observed.
Desmoid tumour (fibroma of the abdominal wall) occurring in siblings
Authors: Gaches Christopher , Burke James 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The first 2 recorded cases of desmoid tumours occurring in siblings are described. The temporary regression of tumour growth by the use of radiotherapy is noted in 1 case. The treatment of this condition in 1970 remains necessarily surgical despite the evolution of advanced techniques in radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Muscle blood-flow studies by the technetium (99mTc) clearance technique in normal subjects and in patients with intermittent claudication
Authors: Cutajar C L , Brown N J G , Marston Adrian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMuscle blood-flow was estimated in 37 subjects (42 legs) with clinically patent arteries and in 50 patients (82 legs) with a peripheral vascular block by studying the clearance of technetium (99mTc) as sodium pertechnetate injected into the lateral head of the gastrocnemius. The data were computed to determine the clearance of the isotope, expressed as a half-life (T½), during exercise and in the post-exercise period.The results showed that 99mTc is a convenient and reliable tracer for the investigation of muscle blood-flow.It was found that all legs prodcing symptoms were abnormal according to one or both of the following criteria:— The exercise T½ was more than 3 minutesThe post-exercise T½ was less than the exercise T½.Possible reasons to account for the slower clearance of technetium from the ischaemic limb during exercise as compared with normal muscle are discussed.The test may have useful application in the selection of patients for reconstructive arterial surgery and in the assessment of operative results.
Technique of orthotopic liver transplantation in the pig
Authors: Chalstrey L J , Parbhoo S P , Tappin A , Baker G J , Gracey L R H , Mullen P A , Lester R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A technique of orthotopic liver transplantation in the pig is presented. Details of modifications in anaesthesia, collection of blood, and preparation of the donor liver are given. The use of a single venous by-pass, end-to-end hepatic artery anastomosis, and vagal crush with pyloromyotomy to prevent gastric ulceration have simplified the procedure and so reduced the operation time.
Intracranial neurological complications of frontal and ethmoidal osteomas
Authors: Bartlett J R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The clinical histories of 5 patients with osteomas involving the fronto-ethmoidal air sinuses who had cranial complications are reported. The importance of an adequate exposure to reveal the defects in the dura is emphasized. The selection of asymptomatic patients for surgical treatment is discussed in the light of the natural histories of the present cases.
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
Authors: Machado Antonio Lacerda 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The author reports his experiences with a technique which is extremely helpful not only in distinguishing between intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis but also in establishing preoperatively the aetiology of the jaundice, in this way helping the surgeon to choose the best surgical procedure.
The technique employed, the criteria of selection of the patients, the complications, and the results obtained in 53 patients are described.
To date, 53 patients have undergone percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, and a total of 56 examinations have been performed in the radiography department under local anaesthesia.
In 1 patient a severe bile leakage occurred with signs and symptoms of biliary peritonitis and peralytic lesions.
The biliary tree was outlined in 41 patients out of 47 (87.2 per cent) with obstructive jaundice. In 6 patients the method failed (12.8 per cent).
Subcutaneous lateral internal anal sphincterotomy for anal fissure
Authors: Millar D M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper describes a method of lateral internal sphincterotomy for anal fissure entirely by palpation, a technique which gives results similar to those performed under direct vision, and is superior to posterior sphincterotomy and stretching of the sphincter. It has been employed in patients with episodic and chronic diarrhoea with equally satisfactory results. Lateral sphincterotomy preserves the external anal sphincter and it is suggested that this is the main reason for the low incidence of defects of anal continence as compared with other procedures.
Prediction of success or failure of gastric surgery
Authors: McColl I , Drinkwater J E , Hulme-Moir I , Donnan S P B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
By means of the Eysenck Personality Inventory and a careful interview it proved possible to predict the outcome of surgery for duodenal ulcer as far as patient satisfaction was concerned. Success was accurately predicted in 20 out of 22 cases and failure was accurately predicted in 8 out of 10 cases.
Factors affecting the metabolic expenditure of surgical patients
Authors: Tweedle David , Johnston Ivan D A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The estimation of resting metabolic expenditure in surgical patients by indirect calorimetry is possible using Noyon's (1937) diaferometer. The limitations of this instrument are described.
Utilization of carbohydrate appears to be diminished following operation. Fat becomes the main calorie source and there is an increased catabolism of protein. Patients who are undergoing uncomplicated, elective surgery of moderate severity and who are given a low calorie intake show no change in total metabolic expenditure after operation. The administration of parenteral nutrients reverses the negative balances of nitrogen and of energy and increases resting metabolic expenditure.
Conservative surgery in 100 patients with bleeding peptic ulcer
Authors: Boulos P B , Harris J , Wyllie J H , Clark C G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The results of treatment of 100 patients with bleeding peptic ulcer, using the conservative surgical approach of vagotomy and pyloroplasty with suture of the ulcer, have been analysed. This approach is satisfactory for patients with doudenal ulcer and in selected cases of gastric ulcer. It is not satisfactory in the treatment of erosive gastritis.
Elective lymph-node dissection for melanoma
Authors: Davis Neville C , McLeod G Roderick 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The value of elective lymph-node dissection in the treatment of malignant melanoma is controversial. It can be beneficial only if the apparently normal lymph-nodes contain metastases. Unfortunately, there is no way of telling before operation whether they do or not. However, a knowledge of the factors which suggest, on statistical grounds, a good or bad prognosis can help to forecast whether the lymphnodes are likely to contain metastases.
If there are factors suggesting a good prognosis the regional nodes are not likely to contain occult metastases. In these circumstances elective dissection should be avoided and reliance placed on regular clinical evaluation of the nodes with subsequent therapeutic dissection if indicated.
If there are factors suggesting a bad prognosis the regional nodes may contain occult metastases and prophylactic dissection should be seriously considered. However, if follow-up facilities are good the alternative method of obseration is acceptable and the choice of treatment will rest with the surgeon and the patient.
The site of the tumour is also important. If a deeply invasive melanoma overlies or is immediately adjacent to the regional nodes, elective dissection is indicated. On the other hand, if the melanoma is in an area with unpredictable lymph drainage or if it is at a distance from the nodes, observation is the best policy.
Biliary-tract disease in malaya
Authors: King M S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A review was carried out of the pattern of biliarytract disease in Malaya where the population consists of three major groups: Malays, Chinese, and Indians. The review was based upon (a) a study of the comparative incidence of operations for biliary disease in the six large general hospitals serving West Malaya, and (b) a more detailed study of 120 consecutive patients undergoing operations on the biliary tract in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur.
Biliary-tract disease requiring operation is common in Malaya, and appears to be more common in Indians and Malays than in the Chinese.
Two distinct patterns of biliary-tract disease are encountered. The majority (two-thirds) of the patients have a disease similar to the Western type of cholelithiasis, but the remaining one-third have a disease, ‘Oriental cholangitis’, of a distinctly different pattern, with a different sex ratio, a high incidence of infected bile, and the almost invariable presence of jaundice and soft stones in the common duct.
Oriental cholangitis was found in Chinese, Indian, Malay, and Aborigine patients in this survey, and is not, therefore, confined to the Chinese and Japanese as previously suggested.
Surgical correction of intrarenal arteriovenous fistula with preservation of the kidney
Authors: State David , Bernstein Robert , Smith Theodore , Reid Roberto 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A patient with a calcified arteriovenous fistula of the left kidney was correctly diagnosed by selective renal arteriography. At surgery it was possible to identify the single vessel supplying the arteriovenous fistula and to ligate it with correction of the vascular abnormality. The end-artery characteristics of the renal arterial distribution make this surgical approach feasible and, in addition, permits the salvage of the involved kidney.
Although renal arteriovenous fistula is not a common condition, with the increasing number of people having needle biopsies of the kidney as well as experiencing major abdominal injuries, its existence should be kept in mind whenever such patients develop abdominal pain, bruit, cardiomegaly, congestive heart failure, and diastolic hypertension. Early surgery is indicated, with the primary aim being the eradication of the vascular abnormality and salvage of the kidney if at all possible.
Vascular injuries of the upper thorax and the root of the neck
Authors: Samaan H A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The great danger of injury to the branches of the arch of the aorta near their origin is the occurrence of severe uncontrolled haemorrhage. Five cases of traumatic injury to the branches of the aortic arch are presented. In the first case the innominate artery was ruptured near its origin and was repaired with a Dacron prosthesis. In the second case the left subclavian and the left common carotid arteries were cut near their origins and these vessels were ligated in an attempt to preserve life following severe unexpected haemorrhage. The patient recovered but developed a left subclavian steal syndrome. A third case developed a right subclavian artery aneurysm following a crush injury of the chest. The first right rib was also broken. In the fourth case a left subclavian steal syndrome developed 10 years after a crush injury to the upper chest. The fifth case, a 76-year-old man, had temporary ischaemic changes in his left hand following a crush injury to his chest. The left subclavian artery was thrombosed at its junction with the axillary artery as a result of a comminuted fracture of the left clavicle. The circulation to the left hand returned to normal 4 days following the injury.
Hyperkalaemia following temporary occlusion of the portal vein and hepatic artery
Authors: Hall R R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Temporary occlusion of the hepatic artery and the portal vein during operations on the liver has been considered a safe procedure provided that the period of ischaemia is not extended beyond 20–30 minutes. Measurement of serum potassium in the portal and systemic circulation of dogs which were subjected to 20 minutes' hepatic ischaemia reveals a transient hyperkalaemia of sufficient degree to cause cardiotoxicity. It is concluded that even this short period of inflow occlusion to the liver is inadvisable.
The routine use of ultrasound for the diagnosis of postoperative deep-vein thrombosis in a district general hospital
Authors: McIlroy R F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The results of 6 months' experience in routine screening for deep-vein thrombosis in all postoperative patients in a district general hospital are presented. Clinical methods and ultrasound diagnosis are compared. Ultrasound was found to be easy and safe to use and to be more accurate than clinical methods. A case is made for the use of ultrasound as a routine method of screening postoperative patients for deep-vein thrombosis.
The fate of aortic valve homografts an experimental study
Authors: Savage P E A , Jones D G Clayton , Thompson A E , Ross D N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Segments of homograft aortic valve cusp and aortic sinus wall have been inserted as patches in the abdominal aortic wall of sheep. The donor valves were prepared in one of three ways: (1) fresh valves, (2) freeze-dried valves sterilized with antibiotics and ethylene oxide, and (3) valves which had been cooled at a controlled rate to – 70°C. in a medium containing the cryoprotective agent, dimethyl sulphoxide. Histological examination of the implanted tissue obtained at intervals up to 2 years failed to show survival of any donor cells, whichever method of preparation had been used. The elastic tissue in the freeze-dried series had become calcified by 2 years, and although valves prepared in this way appeared to elicit no immunological response, both the fresh and frozen tissue were infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells by 2 weeks. This round-cell infiltration reached a peak at 4 weeks and then subsided again. The response to fresh valves was more marked and more prolonged than that to frozen valves.
Atrophy Following Testicular Torsion
Authors: Burton James A 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA personal series of 17 cases of torsion of the testis collected over a 3½-year period is reviewed. The incidence is seen to be low in the general population but misdiagnosis is common in the acute condition. The relevant embryology, histology, and signs and symptoms of the condition are described. A number of the patients had unilateral testicular atrophy following a previously misdiagnosed torsion years earlier. Their subsequent management is described. The differential diagnosis is briefly mentioned.
Aorto-Enteric Fistulae: An Uncommon Complication of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Reckless J P D , McColl I , Taylor G W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Three cases of aorto-enteric fistula which have been treated successfully by resection of the aortic aneurysm are described. Only 5 other successful cases have been reported. One hundred and thirty-one cases are reviewed and analysed, and though more than half of these survived for 24 hours or longer after the first gastro-intestinal haemorrhage, no untreated long-term survival has been recorded. We feel that urgent assessment and early corrective surgery is the only treatment which offers a reasonable chance of survival.
Ruptured mycotic aneurysm of the spleen
Authors: Dukes Heather M , Mynors John M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The fourth recorded survivor of a ruptured splenic aneurysm is presented. He is also remarkable for his multiple pathology including bacterial endocarditis, aortic incompetence with multiple peripheral embolism, and neurofibromatosis.
It is emphasized that mycotic aneurysms of the spleen are an unusual complication of bacterial endocarditis, and a high index of suspicion is essential for their diagnosis. Treatment must be prompt and effective.
Femoral aneurysms
Authors: Hardy D G , Eadie D G A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Femoral aneurysms are a relative rarity in clinical practice. A series of 15 such aneurysms treated in a variety of ways is presented. The method of treatment did not appear to affect the outcome. Where the aneurysm was found to be infected at operation treatment was not successful. An alternative method of arterial reconstruction by endo-aneurysmorrhaphy is presented.