bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near-term projection of Amazon rainfall dominated by phase transition of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation
Authors: Liu Yi , Cai Wenju , Zhang Yu , Lin Xiaopei , Li Ziguang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Amazon basin experienced a prolonged drought condition during the 2010s, leading to a large-scale forest degradation destructive to ecosystems and human society. Elusive are issues as to whether the decadal drought is driven by external forcing or internal variability, and whether the drought will continue or recover soon. Using large ensemble simulations from a state-of-the-art climate model, here we find a negative-to-positive phase transition of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) explains ~45% (~40–49%) of the observed decadal drought of Amazon rainfall since 2010, much greater than the role of external forcing (~12%). Constraining future IPO phase transition reduces the uncertainty by ~38% from a range of −0.73 to + 0.31 mm day−1 decade−1 to a range of −0.42 to + 0.23 mm day−1 decade−1, of the near-term Amazon rainfall projection before 2040 under a mid-intensity emission scenario. Thus, the IPO plays a crucial role in the post-2010 drying and the near-term rainfall projection.
Genomic landscape of liquid biopsy mutations in TP53 and DNA damage genes in cancer patients
Authors: Vasseur Damien , Arbab Ahmadreza , Giudici Fabiola , Marzac Christophe , Michiels Stefan , Tagliamento Marco , Bayle Arnaud , Smolenschi Cristina , Sakkal Madona , Aldea Mihaela , Sassi Hela , Dall’Olio Filippo Gustavo , Pata-Merci Noémie , Cotteret Sophie , Fiévet Alice , Auger Nathalie , Friboulet Luc , Facchinetti Francesco , Géraud Arthur , Ponce Santiago , Hollebecque Antoine , Besse Benjamin , Micol Jean Baptiste , Italiano Antoine , Lacroix Ludovic , Rouleau Etienne 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNext-generation sequencing (NGS) assays based on plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are increasingly used for clinical trials inclusion. Their optimized limit of detection applied to a large number of genes leads to the identification of mutations not confirmed in tissue. It becomes essential to describe the characteristics and consequences of these liquid biopsy-only mutations. In the STING protocol (Gustave Roussy, NCT04932525), 542 patients with advanced solid cancer had cfDNA-based and tissue-based NGS analysis (performed by FoundationOne® Liquid CDx and FoundationOne CDx™, respectively). Mutations identified in the liquid biopsy but not in the paired tissue were considered as liquid biopsy-only mutations irrespective of their variant allelic frequency (VAF). Out of 542 patients, 281 (51.8%) harbored at least one liquid biopsy-only mutation. These patients were significantly older, and more heavily pretreated. Liquid biopsy-only mutations occurring in TP53, and in DDR genes (ATM, CHEK2, ATR, BRCA2, and BRCA1) accounted for 90.8% of all the mutations. The median VAF of these mutations was generally low (0.37% and 0.40% for TP53 and DDR genes respectively). The variant type repartition depended on the gene. Liquid biopsy-only mutations affected hotspot in TP53 codon 273, 125, 195, 176, 237 or 280 and ATM codon 2891 and 3008. In a subset of 37 patients, 75.0%, 53.5% and 83.3% of the liquid biopsy-only mutations occurring respectively in ATM, TP53, and CHEK2 were confirmed in the matching whole blood sample. Although liquid biopsy-only mutations makes the interpretation of liquid biopsy results more complex, they have distinct characteristics making them more easily identifiable.
A target defence‐intrusion game with considering the obstructive effect of target
Authors: Wang Keyang , Zhou Shaobo , Yao Yao , Sun Qi , Wang Yintao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of a defender agent to guard the target area being attacked by a hostile agent. There are two different agents‐intruder and defender here. The purpose of the defender is to prevent the intruder from approaching the target and if possible, catch the intruder. As the guardian object of the defender, the target area also obstructs its free movement. Therefore, a new geometric method is proposed to solve the problem. Firstly, the winning zones are constructed for the agents using two different methods. When the defender's initial position is in the defender's winning zone, the defender can capture the intruder. When the initial position of the defender is in the winning zone of the intruder, the intruder can successfully attack the target. Subsequently, a method is proposed for determining the dominance region boundary under the influence of target obstruction. Also, the winner can be ascertained by observing whether the dominance region boundary intersects the target area. The optimal strategy is then given according to the different payoff functions. Finally, some examples show the effectiveness of the method. In addition, the conditions and limitations for applying this method to other convex targets are provided.
Adaptive total energy shaping of a class of manipulators
Authors: Harandi M. Reza J. , Taghirad Hamid D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPoint‐to‐point control of underactuated mechanical systems is a challenging problem, especially if some of the system's parameters are uncertain. A popular method to stabilize underactuated manipulators is total energy shaping, in which a new Hamiltonian function is assigned to the closed‐loop system while a set of partial differential equations (PDEs) should be solved. In this study, an adaptive total energy shaping controller based on the approach called interconnection and damping assignment passivity‐based control (IDA‐PBC) for some underactuated robots is designed. The proposed method can overcome uncertainties in the dynamical parameters and also the parameters of the input mapping matrix under the satisfaction of the PDEs. The stability of the desired pose is ensured by the Lyapunov approach via suitable design of adaptation laws without the requirement for the persistence of excitation condition or other similar conditions. The results are applied to a 3‐DOF underactuated manipulator and verified by simulations.
Gaia’s brightest very metal-poor (VMP) stars
Authors: Viswanathan Akshara , Starkenburg Else , Matsuno Tadafumi , Venn Kim A. , Martin Nicolas F. , Longeard Nicolas , Ardern-Arentsen Anke , Carlberg Raymond G. , Fabbro Sébastien , Kordopatis Georges , Montelius Martin , Sestito Federico , Yuan Zhen 
Published: February 2024

Context. Gaia DR3 has offered the scientific community a remarkable dataset of approximately one million spectra acquired with the radial velocity spectrometer (RVS) in the calcium II triplet region, which is well suited to identify very metal-poor (VMP) stars. However, over 40% of these spectra have no released parameters by Gaia’s GSP-Spec pipeline in the domain of VMP stars, whereas VMP stars are key tracers of early Galactic evolution.
Aims. We aim to provide spectroscopic metallicities for VMP stars using Gaia RVS spectra, thereby producing a catalogue of bright VMP stars distributed over the full sky that can serve as the basis for studies of early chemical evolution throughout the Galaxy.
Methods. We selected VMP stars using photometric metallicities from the literature and analysed the Gaia RVS spectra to infer spectroscopic metallicities for these stars.
Results. The inferred metallicities agree very well with literature high-resolution metallicities, with a median systematic offset of 0.1 dex and standard deviation of ∼0.15 dex. The purity of this sample in the VMP regime is ∼80%, with outliers representing a mere ∼3%.
Conclusions. We have built an all-sky catalogue of ∼1500 stars available, featuring reliable spectroscopic metallicities down to [Fe/H] ∼ −4.0, of which ∼1000 are VMP stars. More than 75% of these stars have either no spectroscopic metallicity value in the literature to date or have been flagged as unreliable in their literature spectroscopic metallicity estimates. This catalogue of bright (G <  13) VMP stars is three times larger than the current sample of well-studied VMP stars in the literature in this magnitude range, making it ideal for high-resolution spectroscopic follow-ups and studies of the properties of VMP stars in different parts of our Galaxy.
Konsum von Tabakzigaretten, E-Zigaretten und Wasserpfeifen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Ergebnisse des Präventionsradars von 2016 bis 2023
Authors: Hanewinkel Reiner , Hansen Julia 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Trends der Nutzung verschiedener Rauchprodukte im Kindes- und Jugendalter von 2016–2023 sollen abgebildet werden.
Methode Datengrundlage bilden sieben Wellen des Präventionsradars, einer schulbasierten epidemiologischen Studie in den Klassenstufen 5–10. Primäre Endpunkte der Untersuchung waren die Lebenszeit- und die Monatsprävalenz des Konsums von Tabakzigaretten, E-Zigaretten, Wasserpfeifen sowie des Konsums von mindestens zwei dieser Rauchprodukte (kombinierter Konsum). Prävalenzschätzungen basieren auf logistischen Regressionsmodellen.
Ergebnisse Der Auswertung liegen 94.127 Fragebögen zugrunde. Das Geschlechtsverhältnis war ausgewogen (49% weiblich), das mittlere Alter betrug 13 Jahre (SD=1,8). 2022/2023 betrug die Lebenszeitprävalenz des Rauchens von Tabakzigaretten 18,8% (95%-KI 18,1–19,5), von E-Zigaretten 23,5% (95%-KI 22,8–24,3), von Wasserpfeifen 14,0% (95%-KI 13,4–14,7) und des kombinierten Konsums 19,0% (95%-KI 18,3–19,7). Die Monatsprävalenz des Rauchens von Tabakzigaretten betrug 5,9% (95%-KI 5,5–6,4), von E-Zigaretten 7,0% (95%-KI 6,5–7,4), von Wasserpfeifen 3,2% (95%-KI 2,8–3,5) und des kombinierten Konsums 4,8% (95%-KI 4,4–5,2). Seit 2016 zeichnen sich folgende Trends im Hinblick auf die Lebenszeitprävalenz ab: Tabakzigaretten (–3,0 Prozentpunkte), E-Zigaretten (+1,8 Prozentpunkte), Wasserpfeifen (–9,2 Prozentpunkte), kombinierter Konsum (–2,7 Prozentpunkte). In den Jahren der COVID-19-Pandemie rauchten weniger Jugendliche. Post-COVID stiegen die Prävalenzen mit Ausnahme der Wasserpfeife wieder an.
Diskussion Der Konsum von Rauchprodukten im Jugendalter tritt häufig auf. Über den Beobachtungszeitraum deutet sich eine Trendumkehr hin zur E-Zigarette als populärstem Produkt bei Kindern und Jugendlichen an. Zudem hat sich der kombinierte Konsum mehrerer Rauchprodukte als häufiges Konsummuster verfestigt. Konsequente verhältnis- und verhaltenspräventive Maßnahmen sind erforderlich, um das Ziel einer rauchfreien Gesellschaft im Jahr 2040 noch erreichen zu können.
Perivascular spaces and where to find them – MR imaging and evaluation methods
Authors: Seehafer Svea , Larsen Naomi , Aludin Schekeb , Jansen Olav , Schmill Lars-Patrick Andreas 
Published: February 2024

Background Perivascular spaces (synonym: Virchow-Robin spaces) were first described over 150 years ago. They are defined as the fluid-filled spaces surrounding the small penetrating cerebral vessels. They gained growing scientific interest especially with the postulation of the so-called glymphatic system and their possible role in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases.
Methods PubMed was used for a systematic search with a focus on literature regarding MRI imaging and evaluation methods of perivascular spaces. Studies on human in-vivo imaging were included with a focus on studies involving healthy populations. No time frame was set. The nomenclature in the literature is very heterogeneous with terms like “large”, “dilated”, “enlarged” perivascular spaces whereas borders and definitions often remain unclear. This work generally talks about perivascular spaces.
Results This review article discusses the morphologic MRI characteristics in different sequences. With the continual improvement of image quality, more and tinier structures can be depicted in detail. Visual analysis and semi or fully automated segmentation methods are briefly discussed.
Conclusion If they are looked for, perivascular spaces are apparent in basically every cranial MRI examination. Their physiologic or pathologic value is still under debate.
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Improving the use of LLMs in radiology through prompt engineering: from precision prompts to zero-shot learning
Authors: Russe Maximilian Frederik , Reisert Marco , Bamberg Fabian , Rau Alexander 
Published: February 2024

Purpose Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have shown significant potential in radiology. Their effectiveness often depends on prompt engineering, which optimizes the interaction with the chatbot for accurate results. Here, we highlight the critical role of prompt engineering in tailoring the LLMs’ responses to specific medical tasks.
Materials and Methods Using a clinical case, we elucidate different prompting strategies to adapt the LLM ChatGPT using GPT4 to new tasks without additional training of the base model. These approaches range from precision prompts to advanced in-context methods such as few-shot and zero-shot learning. Additionally, the significance of embeddings, which serve as a data representation technique, is discussed.
Results Prompt engineering substantially improved and focused the chatbot’s output. Moreover, embedding of specialized knowledge allows for more transparent insight into the model’s decision-making and thus enhances trust.
Conclusion Despite certain challenges, prompt engineering plays a pivotal role in harnessing the potential of LLMs for specialized tasks in the medical domain, particularly radiology. As LLMs continue to evolve, techniques like few-shot learning, zero-shot learning, and embedding-based retrieval mechanisms will become indispensable in delivering tailored outputs.
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Stereochemical Aspects of the C-Glycosylation of Pyranosides and Furanosides
Authors: Achanta Srinivas , Bandichhor Rakeshwar , Sasikala Ch. V. A. , Basu Debjit , Nahide Pradip D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe stereoselective synthesis of α- and β-C-glycosides is one of the most challenging areas of research in the field of glycoside chemistry. In this review, we summarize the various methods available for stereocontrolled glycosylation and also discuss the predictive models available to explain the stereochemical outcome of six- and five-membered-ring oxocarbenium ions with allyltrimethylsilane nucleophile under Lewis acid conditions.1	Introduction2	Stereochemical Aspects during Glycoside Bond Formation in Pyranosides2.1	Lewis Acid Mediated Nucleophilic Addition to Six-Membered-Ring Oxocarbenium Ions2.2	Arylalane Addition to Anhydroglucose2.3	Glucal Epoxide Method2.4	Glycosyl Leaving Group Substitution Method2.5	Glycosylation via Transition-Metal-Mediated Cross-Coupling3	Stereochemical Aspects during Glycoside Bond Formation in Furanosides­3.1	Lewis Acid Mediated Nucleophilic Addition to Five-Membered-Ring Oxocarbenium Ions4	Summary and Conclusion
Assessing the effect of urban digital infrastructure on green innovation: mechanism identification and spatial-temporal characteristics
Authors: Li Chengming , Wen Meiyu , Jiang Shaoxiang , Wang Huaxing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnder the background of digitization and greening in China, digital infrastructure offers new opportunities for developing green innovation. This paper investigates the effect of digital infrastructure on urban green innovation using panel data from 285 Chinese prefecture-level cities between 2011 and 2020, and explains the mechanism and its spatial-temporal dynamic effect. The results demonstrate that digital infrastructure promotes urban green innovation. Talent agglomeration, R&D investment increase, and industrial structure upgrading are crucial channels. Furthermore, depending on a city’s size, human capital, environmental regulations, and financial subsidies, digital infrastructure contributes to urban green innovation differently. Also, there is not only a positive spatial spillover effect of digital infrastructure but a threshold effect that presents a nonlinear trend of rising marginal effect. This study provides a new perspective for promoting digital infrastructure and urban green innovation, which makes a difference in facilitating its high-level development collaboratively.
The effect of caring ethical climate on employees’ knowledge-hiding behavior: evidence from Chinese construction firms
Authors: Chen Zhen , Tang Zixin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research aims to explore the influencing mechanism of a caring ethical climate on knowledge-hiding behavior in large construction firms according to the reciprocity principle of social exchange theory. This is an empirical study based on the analysis of survey data collected from 413 employees working in large construction firms in China. Hierarchical regression is applied to test the research model. This research finds: (1) Caring ethical climate has a negative influence on knowledge-hiding behavior; (2) Caring ethical climate has a positive influence on psychological contract; (3) Psychological contract has a negative influence on knowledge-hiding behavior; (4) Psychological contract mediates the relationship between caring ethical climate and knowledge-hiding behavior; (5) Task interdependence positively moderates the relationship between psychological contract and knowledge-hiding behavior. Based on the social exchange theory, this study provides significant contributions to the theory and practice of knowledge management in large construction firms by highlighting the influence of a caring ethical climate on knowledge hiding among employees. This paper provides suggestions for reducing knowledge hiding and enhancing knowledge sharing among employees in large construction firms, so as to improve the knowledge management ability of large construction firms and enhance their competitive advantages.
Many-body theory calculations of positronic-bonded molecular dianions
Authors: Cassidy J. P. , Hofierka J. , Cunningham B. , Green D. G. 
Published: February 2024

The energetic stability of positron–dianion systems [A−; e+; A−] is studied via many-body theory, where A− includes H−, F−, Cl−, and the molecular anions (CN)− and (NCO)−. Specifically, the energy of the system as a function of ionic separation is determined by solving the Dyson equation for the positron in the field of the two anions using a positron–anion self-energy as constructed in Hofierka et al. [Nature 606, 688 (2022)] that accounts for correlations, including polarization, screening, and virtual-positronium formation. Calculations are performed for a positron interacting with H22−, F22−, and Cl22− and are found to be in good agreement with previous theory. In particular, we confirm the presence of two minima in the potential energy of the [H−; e+; H−] system with respect to ionic separation: a positronically bonded [H−; e+; H−] local minimum at ionic separations r ∼ 3.4 Å and a global minimum at smaller ionic separations r ≲ 1.6 Å that gives overall instability of the system with respect to dissociation into a H2 molecule and a positronium negative ion, Ps−. The first predictions are made for positronic bonding in dianions consisting of molecular anionic fragments, specifically for (CN)22− and (NCO)22−. In all cases, we find that the molecules formed by the creation of a positronic bond are stable relative to dissociation into A− and e+A− (positron bound to a single anion), with bond energies on the order of 1 eV and bond lengths on the order of several ångstroms.
Quantum matter and gravitation: photons in a waveguide
Authors: Atanasov Victor , Saxena Avadh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The conditions required by quantum matter to modify space-time geometry are explored within the framework of the general theory of relativity. The required characteristics for space-time modification in solid state structures, are met in either (a) massive photon Bose–Einstein condensate in a waveguide, or (b) the massive photons in superconductor’s bulk, or (c) the Bose–Einstein condensate of acoustic phonons, or (d) a metal–insulator-topological insulator heterostructure.
Adaptive tempered reversible jump algorithm for Bayesian curve fitting
Authors: Tian Zhiyao , Lee Anthony , Zhou Shunhua 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Bayesian curve fitting plays an important role in inverse problems, and is often addressed using the reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) algorithm. However, this algorithm can be computationally inefficient without appropriately tuned proposals. As a remedy, we present an adaptive RJMCMC algorithm for the curve fitting problems by extending the adaptive Metropolis sampler from a fixed-dimensional to a trans-dimensional case. In this presented algorithm, both the size and orientation of the proposal function can be automatically adjusted in the sampling process. Specifically, the curve fitting setting allows for the approximation of the posterior covariance of the a priori unknown function on a representative grid of points. This approximation facilitates the definition of efficient proposals. In addition, we introduce an auxiliary-tempered version of this algorithm via non-reversible parallel tempering. To evaluate the algorithms, we conduct numerical tests involving a series of controlled experiments. The results demonstrate that the adaptive algorithms exhibit significantly higher efficiency compared to the conventional ones. Even in cases where the posterior distribution is highly complex, leading to ineffective convergence in the auxiliary-tempered conventional RJMCMC, the proposed auxiliary-tempered adaptive RJMCMC performs satisfactorily. Furthermore, we present a realistic inverse example to test the algorithms. The successful application of the adaptive algorithm distinguishes it again from the conventional one that fails to converge effectively even after millions of iterations.
Towards optimal sensor placement for inverse problems in spaces of measures
Authors: Huynh Phuoc-Truong , Pieper Konstantin , Walter Daniel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The objective of this work is to quantify the reconstruction error in sparse inverse problems with measures and stochastic noise, motivated by optimal sensor placement. To be useful in this context, the error quantities must be explicit in the sensor configuration and robust with respect to the source, yet relatively easy to compute in practice, compared to a direct evaluation of the error by a large number of samples. In particular, we consider the identification of a measure consisting of an unknown linear combination of point sources from a finite number of measurements contaminated by Gaussian noise. The statistical framework for recovery relies on two main ingredients: first, a convex but non-smooth variational Tikhonov point estimator over the space of Radon measures and, second, a suitable mean-squared error based on its Hellinger–Kantorovich distance to the ground truth. To quantify the error, we employ a non-degenerate source condition as well as careful linearization arguments to derive a computable upper bound. This leads to asymptotically sharp error estimates in expectation that are explicit in the sensor configuration. Thus they can be used to estimate the expected reconstruction error for a given sensor configuration and guide the placement of sensors in sparse inverse problems.