bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of fluence on efficacy using the 1440 nm laser with CAP technology for the treatment of rhytids
Authors: Lloyd Jenifer R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluence on the treatment of rhytids using a 1440 nm laser with CAPSM technology and the T350 tip.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTwelve subjects with rhytids were enrolled in an IRB approved study. The Affirm™ laser with CAP technology (Cynosure, Inc., Westford, MA) 1440 nm, 10 mm T350, 2 milliseconds, 1.5 Hz was used at fluences ranging from 3.0 to 5.5 J/cm2 in a split face study. At each treatment visit, fluences on the right side of the face were held constant at 3.0 J/cm2, while the left side of the face started at 3.0 J/cm2 and increased 0.5 J/cm2 with each treatment to a maximum of 5.5 J/cm2. Five treatments were given at 2‐week intervals using the SmartCool™ (Cynosure, Inc.). Photographic comparisons at baseline and 3 months were used to compare fluence results as well as to evaluate for efficacy in the treatment of rhytids. The following standard scale was employed: Poor (0–25%), Fair (26–50%), Good (51–75%), and Excellent (76–100%). In addition, following the study, a few subjects received a series of laser pulses at increasing fluences on their buttocks to further evaluate the effect of fluence on tissue reaction.ResultsComparing the right and left photographic results, no clinically observable differences were noted. Both sides received the same grade in all cases. Five subjects (42%) were noted to have Good results, three (25%) were given a rating of Fair, and four (33%) were given a Poor result with little or no improvement observed. The follow‐up buttock fluence study demonstrated an effect threshold at 3.0 J/cm2.ConclusionThe 1440 nm laser with CAP technology can provide overall improvement in patients with rhytids at moderate fluences. Increasing the fluence does not appear to increase efficacy. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:387–389, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stem cell proliferation under low intensity laser irradiation: A preliminary study
Authors: Eduardo Fernanda de P. , Bueno Daniela F. , de Freitas Patricia M. , Marques Márcia Martins , Passos‐Bueno Maria Rita , Eduardo Carlos de P. , Zatz Mayana 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPhototherapy with low intensity laser irradiation has shown to be effective in promoting the proliferation of different cells. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the potential effect of laser phototherapy (660 nm) on human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC) proliferation.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe hDPSC cell strain was used. Cells cultured under nutritional deficit (10% FBS) were either irradiated or not (control) using two different power settings (20 mW/6 seconds to 40 mW/3 seconds), with an InGaAIP diode laser. The cell growth was indirectly assessed by measuring the cell mitochondrial activity through the MTT reduction‐based cytotoxicity assay.ResultsThe group irradiated with the 20 mW setting presented significantly higher MTT activity at 72 hours than the other two groups (negative control—10% FBS—and lased 40 mW with 3 seconds exposure time). After 24 hours of the first irradiation, cultures grown under nutritional deficit (10% FBS) and irradiated presented significantly higher viable cells than the non‐irradiated cultures grown under the same nutritional conditions.ConclusionsUnder the conditions of this study it was possible to conclude that the cell strain hDPSC responds positively to laser phototherapy by improving the cell growth when cultured under nutritional deficit conditions. Thus, the association of laser phototherapy and hDPSC cells could be of importance for future tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Moreover, it opens the possibility of using laser phototherapy for improving the cell growth of other types of stem cells. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:433–438, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental study on thermic effects, morphology and function of guinea pig cochlea: A comparison between the erbium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser and carbon dioxide laser
Authors: Ren Dong‐Dong , Chi Fang‐Lu 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground and objectiveSurgery of the inner ear requires atraumatic techniques to preserve the morphology of the inner ear. Recent experiment and clinical studies have demonstrated that several laser systems are suitable for cochleostomy. The goal of this study was to quantify the thermic effects, morphology and function of guinea pig cochlea in vivo by comparing the erbium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Er:YAG) laser and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and to determine the optimum laser parameters for safe clinical treatment.Study design/materials and methodsA fenestration in the basal cochlear turn of guinea pigs was created. A type K thermocouple was placed on the membrane of round window to detect the local temperature change during laser irradiation. The auditory evoked brainstem response (ABR) was measured before and after laser application. Confocal laser microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for cochlear morphology.ResultsAn increased hearing loss immediately and 4 weeks later after irradiation was observed in animals with the higher power CO2 laser in accordance with a higher temperature increase during laser application. In contrast, a wider safety scope of Er:YAG application in cochleostomy was presented with little temperature increase. These findings were correlated with the ultrastructural changes in guinea pig cochlea.ConclusionThe Er:YAG and CO2 lasers are shown to be safe if the total amount of energy is kept within the limits applied in this study. In addition, on this preliminary basis by guinea pig laser cochleostomy, Er:YAG laser maybe less damaging to inner ear structures than CO2 laser with a larger safety scope and less thermic effects. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:407–414, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histologic evaluation of interstitial lipolysis comparing a 1064, 1320 and 2100 nm laser in an ex vivo model
Authors: Khoury Jane G. , Saluja Raminder , Keel Douglas , Detwiler Susan , Goldman Mitchel P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground and objectivesLaser lipolysis using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser has been shown to be a safe and effective modality for the treatment of small areas of fat in conjunction with microcannula liposuction. The purpose of this study is to compare the histologic effects on ex vivo human fatty tissue using three separate wavelengths of laser light (1064, 1320 and 2100 nm) at three predetermined energy levels.Study design/materials and methodsNine samples of freshly harvested abdominal subcutaneous tissue were tumesced and then cannulated in a single tunnel in the superficial subcutaneous tissue. They were irradiated with a 320 µm polyimide fiber using a pulsed 1064 nm Nd:YAG, 1320 nm Nd:YAG and 2100 nm thulium holmium chromium:YAG (THC:YAG) laser at 4, 6 and 8 W (CoolTouch Corp., Roseville, CA). The fiber was withdrawn at a rate of 1 mm/second in a single pass. A tenth sample was cannulated without irradiation and served as a control. Irradiation with the 1320 nm Nd:YAG was performed in vivo on a lipoma in a similar fashion with repetitive tunneling. Fat was removed the following day by incisional punch biopsy for histologic evaluation. The tissue was studied in a blinded fashion with hematoxylin eosin staining.ResultsLight microscopy after irradiation showed thermal damage in the subcutaneous tissue that preferentially affected the fibrous septae with some fat cell damage. The diameter of thermal damage around the fiber ranged from 1 to 4–5 mm depending on the laser wavelength and average power of the settings. No clear fat liquefaction was seen histologically in the ex vivo samples but was seen with the 1320 nm Nd:YAG irradiation of the in‐vivo lipoma tissue.ConclusionLaser lipolysis works through a combination of photoacoustic ablation and selective photothermolysis of fibrous septae. Acoustic damage occurs with thermal damage and is difficult to capture histologically. The greatest amount of thermal damage was seen in the specimens with the highest energy per pulse, however, the patchiness and variability of thermal damage within the cross‐sections evaluated make it difficult to draw any strong conclusions. Further studies are warranted to more fully evaluate the histologic effects and mechanisms behind laser lipolysis. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:402–406, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of laser irradiation on collagen organization in chemically induced degenerative annulus fibrosus of lumbar intervertebral disc
Authors: Ignatieva Natalia , Zakharkina Olga , Andreeva Irina , Sobol Emil , Kamensky Vladislav , Lunin Valery 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe number of in vitro experimental studies was carried out with the use of intact tissues to establish a mechanism of laser–tissue interaction. However, in the process of degeneration, both biochemical composition and behavior of the disc were altered drastically. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the main matrix components in laser modification of annulus fibrosus (AF) under IR laser irradiation.Study Designs/Materials and MethodsThe samples of AF in a motion segment after hyaluronidase treatment, trypsin digestion and glycation by glyceraldehyde were heated in hydrothermal bath (95°C, 2 min) or irradiated by laser at 1.56 µm. Specimens were imaged by cross‐polarization optical coherence tomography (CP‐OCT), and then analyzed by differential scanning calorimery (DSC).Results and DiscussionAccording to CP‐OCT and DSC data non‐significant alteration was revealed in AF after hyaluronidase treatment, glycation led to stabilization of annulus collagen and trypsin digestion resulted in a noticeable impairment of collagen fibrils. Laser treatment induced subsequent damages of AF matrix but these damages cannot be explained by laser heating only. The specificity of chemical modification of AF matrix has an influence on a character of collagen network alteration due to IR laser effect. Minimal and maximal alterations are observed for hyaluronidase and trypsin treated samples respectively. Glyceraldehyde fixed samples showed failure of the collagen structure after moderate laser treatment; at the same time thermal denaturation of collagen macromolecules was negligible. We assume that a mechanical effect of laser irradiation plays an important role in laser‐induced annulus collagen modification and propose the scheme of physico‐chemical process occurring under non‐uniform IR laser treatment in AF tissue.ConclusionCP‐OCT and DSC techniques allow us to record the alteration of collagen network organization as a result of chemical modification. There were detected significant and specific effects of the biochemical composition and material properties on the response of AF collagen network on laser irradiation. The results go in accordance with our hypothesis that the primary effect of laser influence on collagen network under tension is the mechanical damage of collagen fiber. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:422–432, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lack of trigemino‐cervical reflexes in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Bartolo Michelangelo , Serrao Mariano , Perrotta Armando , Tassorelli Cristina , Sandrini Giorgio , Pierelli Francesco 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTrigemino‐cervical reflexes (TCRs) are multisynaptic neck muscle withdrawal responses that are clearly identifiable in humans. Mediated by neural circuits at brainstem level, these reflex responses have been found to be significantly impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and it has been hypothesized that a degeneration of brainstem neural structures could play a role in these abnormalities. Because extensive neuronal degeneration at brainstem level has been demonstrated in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), in this pilot study we evaluated the TCR responses in 12 subjects with PSP, and in 16 healthy controls. The TCRs were absent in 11 out of the 12 PSP patients while clear responses were evoked in all the healthy subjects. These findings indicate that PSP patients are unable to react to the painful stimuli to the face, suggesting a generalized impairment of the brainstem circuits mediating TCRs. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Correlating sideband patterns with powder patterns for accurate determination of chemical shift parameters in solid‐state NMR
Authors: Ironside M. S. , Reid D. G. , Duer M. J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPowder patterns and sideband patterns have different strengths when it comes to using them to determine chemical shift parameters. Here, we show that chemical shift parameters can be determined with high accuracy by analysing the correlation pattern from a 2D experiment which correlates a powder pattern in the indirect dimension with a sideband pattern in the direct dimension. The chemical shift parameters so determined have greater accuracy than those obtained by analysing a sideband or powder pattern alone, for the same signal‐to‐noise ratio. This method can be applied for both resolved correlation patterns and to cases where two components share similar isotropic chemical shifts. The methodology is demonstrated in this paper, both theoretically and experimentally, on the 31P signals of the bis‐phosphonate drug, pamidronate. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral recognition of Schiff bases by 15N NMR spectroscopy in the presence of a dirhodium complex. Deuterium isotope effect on 15N chemical shift of the optically active Schiff bases and their dirhodium tetracarboxylate adducts
Authors: Rozwadowski Z. , Nowak‐Wydra B. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOptically active Schiff bases, derivatives of ortho‐hydroxyaldehydes and their adducts with dirhodium tetracarboxylate complexes have been studied by 15N NMR spectroscopy. The position of the equilibrium of Schiff bases, as well as their adducts, has been established on the basis of measurements of deuterium isotope effects on 15N chemical shifts. At the equilibrium state, the formation of the adducts with dirhodium complexes shifted the proton‐transfer equilibrium towards the NH‐form. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new MPZ mutation associated with a mild CMT1 phenotype presenting with recurrent nerve compression
Authors: Magot Armelle , Latour Philippe , Mussini Jean‐Marie , Mourtada Reda , Guiheneuc Pierre , Pereon Yann 
Published: July 2008

AbstractP0 is a transmembrane protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily that plays a role in myelin structure and function. Myelin protein zero gene (MPZ) mutations usually cause a demyelinating variant of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1B (CMT1B), but there is a wide spectrum of phenotypic manifestation of these mutations. We describe three patients from one family and one separate patient who presented with a demyelinating neuropathy. Some had recurrent lesions at compression sites mimicking hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP). A heterozygous nonsense mutation (Tyr145Stop) corresponding to a T‐to‐A transition at nucleotide position 435 in exon 3 of the MPZ gene was identified in all patients. This mutation leads to an extracellular truncated protein, which may explain the mild phenotype. Therefore, such MPZ gene mutations should be searched for in cases of demyelinating neuropathy with acute nerve compression as well as in cases of the HNPP phenotype associated with normal the PMP22 gene. Muscle Nerve, 2008
An assessment of the effects of sample ischaemia and spinning time on the metabolic profile of brain tumour biopsy specimens as determined by high‐resolution magic angle spinning 1H NMR
Authors: Opstad Kirstie S. , Bell B. Anthony , Griffiths John R. , Howe Franklyn A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHigh‐resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) 1H NMR of biopsy tissue provides a biochemical profile that has potential diagnostic and prognostic value, and can aid interpretation of the lower‐resolution 1H‐NMR spectra obtained in vivo. However, the biochemical profile obtained may be affected by experimental factors such as a period of ischaemia before snap‐freezing of the biopsy tissue for subsequent analysis and the mechanical stress of the spinning procedure of HRMAS itself. We have used normal rat brain cortex as a ‘gold standard’, either funnel‐frozen or deliberately allowed to become ischaemic for set periods of time before snap‐freezing, to quantitatively investigate these two effects. In addition, we have compared biochemical changes that occur in normal rat brain during HRMAS (spun continuously at 5 kHz for 4 h at 4°C as could be required for a two‐dimensional acquisition) with those that occur in biopsy samples from low‐grade and high‐grade adult human astrocytomas, during the same HRMAS procedure. Significant changes due to delayed initial sample freezing were noted in metabolites associated with glycolysis (alanine, glucose and lactate), as expected. However, for the funnel‐frozen rat tissue at 4°C, there were even more significant changes, which appear to be the result of extended spinning at 5 kHz. In particular, the 18% total creatine increase observed is unlikely to be de novo synthesis of creatine. More likely, the asymptotic exponential increase in creatine suggests an exponential release of an NMR‐invisible bound creatine store as a result of tissue damage from mechanical stress of sample spinning. Overall, it appears that tissue ischaemia during biopsy excision and delays in snap‐freezing may have less significant effects on metabolite profile than the prolonged spinning times required for two‐dimensional HRMAS, and this must be accounted for when results are being interpreted. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A dual algorithm for the topology optimization of non‐linear elastic structures
Authors: Jog C. S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDual algorithms are ideally suited for the purpose of topology optimization since they work in the space of Lagrange multipliers associated with the constraints. To date, dual algorithms have been applied only for linear structures. Here we extend this methodology to the case of non‐linear structures. The perimeter constraint is used to make the topology problem well‐posed. We show that the proposed algorithm yields a value of perimeter that is close to that specified by the user. We also address the issue of manufacturability of these designs, by proposing a variant of the standard dual algorithm, which generates designs that are two‐dimensional although the loading and the geometry are three‐dimensional. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
γδT cell‐mediated regulation of chemokine producing macrophages during Listeria monocytogenes infection‐induced inflammation
Authors: Tramonti D , Rhodes K , Martin N , Dalton JE , Andrew E , Carding SR 
Published: July 2008

AbstractInfection of γδT cell‐deficient (TcRδ−/−) mice with the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) results in an exacerbated inflammatory response characterized by the accumulation of activated macrophages and necrotic liver lesions. Here we investigated whether changes in chemokine production by Lm‐elicited macrophages contribute to this abnormal inflammatory response. In response to Lm infection, activated macrophages accumulate in the primary sites of infection in TcRδ−/− mice and express high amounts of mRNA encoding the chemokines CCL3 (MIP‐1α), CCL4 (MIP‐1β), CXCL2 (MIP‐2) and CXCL10 (IP‐10). In the infected tissues of TcRδ−/− the number of chemokine‐synthesizing macrophages was higher than in wild‐type (WT) mice, with the amount of MIP‐1α and MIP‐1β secreted by individual macrophages in the spleen of TcRδ−/− mice also being significantly higher than in WT mice. By contrast, protease activity and NO production in individual splenic macrophages of Lm‐infected TcRδ−/− and WT mice were comparable. Pathogen‐elicited macrophages in TcRδ−/− mice also expressed high levels of the CCL3 and CCL4 receptor, CCR5. In macrophage‐γδT cell co‐cultures, chemokine‐producing macrophages were killed by cytotoxic Vγ1+ T cells in a Fas–FasL‐dependent manner consistent with the high levels of chemokine‐producing macrophages seen in infected TcRδ−/− mice being due to the absence of Vγ1+ T cells. Together these findings highlight the importance of γδT cells in regulating macrophage anti‐microbial responses. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of novel fillers, named networked silicas, and their effects of reinforcement on rubber compounds
Authors: Seo Gon , Kaang Shinyoung , Hong Chang Kook , Jung Dong Shin , Ryu Chang Seok , Lee Dong Hee 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: A new concept for reinforcing silica, named networked silica, was used to achieve enhanced reinforcing performance of silica and to eliminate the disadvantage of ethanol production and precure through coupling reagents in the preparation of silica‐reinforced SBR compounds.RESULTS: The networked silicas were prepared by connecting silica particles with amine and glycidoxy groups, which had been previously coupled on their surface. The networked silicas compounded in SBR showed a significant enhancement of tensile strength accompanied with a moderate increase in modulus at a high loading of 70 phr even without using any coupling reagents. Their high performance is discussed in relation to their physical and chemical properties investigated using thermogravimetry, infrared spectroscopy, ζ‐potential, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption methods.CONCLUSION: The improved reinforcing performance of networked silicas confirmed their feasibility as reinforcing materials for the manufacture of highly stable tires. The high tensile strength achieved using the networked silicas is probably due to the physical entanglements of rubber molecules with the networks formed among silica particles. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Autoantibodies as potential biomarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Tong Yong‐Qing , Zhang Zhi‐Jie , Liu Bei , Huang Jian , Liu Hui , Liu Yan , Guo Feng‐Jie , Zhou Guo‐Hua , Xie Ping‐Li , Li Yue‐Hui , Zuo Chao‐Hu , Hu Jin‐Yue , Li Guan‐Cheng 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAutoantibody signatures, as new biomarkers, may improve the early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We constructed a T7 phage cDNA library from mixed NPC tissues, and we isolated 31 tumor‐associated proteins using biopan enrichment techniques with sera from NPC patients and from healthy population. DNA sequence analysis showed that among 31 phage‐displayed proteins, 22 have sequence identity with known or putative tumor‐associated proteins. The results of immunochemical reactivity of patients' sera with phage‐expressed proteins showed enrichment in the number of immunogenic phage clones in the biopanning process and also confirmed that antibodies were present in the sera of patients but not in the sera of healthy donors. The autoantibody against phage‐expressed protein MAGE, HSP70, Fibronectin, and CD44 measured by ELISA had greater predictive value than that against EBNA‐1, respectively. The antibody levels against MAGE in sera positively correlated with the clinical stages of NPC, and the antibody levels against other three proteins partly correlated with the clinical stages of NPC. Our studies suggested that the autoantibodies against tumor‐associated antigens in the sera of NPC patients could be used as a screening test for NPC. Studies of the corresponding proteins may have significances in tumor biology, novel drug development, and immunotherapy.