bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on dynamic friction of different spun yarns
Authors: Ghosh Anindya , Patanaik Asis , Anandjiwala R. D. , Rengasamy R. S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis article presents the results from a study of yarn‐to‐yarn (YY) and yarn‐to‐metal (YM) frictions conducted on ring, rotor, air‐jet, and open‐end friction (OE friction) spun yarns at different relative speeds and input tensions. The results indicate that the behavior of frictions for YY is different than that of YM. In case of YY friction, OE friction yarn shows maximum friction followed by rotor, air‐jet, and ring spun yarns; however, a reverse order is noticed for YM friction. The relative speed and input tension have significant influence on the frictional behavior of spun yarns. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Ruthenium (II) complexes immobilized on swellable polyacrylate matrices: Synthesis and catalytic applications
Authors: Liu Z. S. , Rempel G. L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRuH2(PPh3)4 has been immobilized on swellable polyacrylate matrices to provide heterogenized carboxylate‐derivatives. These swellable polymer supported ruthenium (II) complex catalysts have been used in the transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes. Hydrogen donors are formate salt, cyclohexanol, and benzyl alcohol. The catalysts exhibit good activity for hydrogen transfer reduction of aldehydes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synergistic toughening effects of nucleating agent and ethylene–octene copolymer on polypropylene
Authors: Bai Hongwei , Wang Yong , Song Bo , Han Liang 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe synergistic toughening effect of nucleating agent (NA) and ethylene–octene copolymer (POE) on polypropylene was studied in the present work. Two different nucleating agents, such as α‐form nucleating agent 1,3 : 2,4‐bis (3,4‐dimethylbenzylidene) sorbitol (DMDBS, Millad 3988) and β‐form nucleating agent aryl amides compounds (TMB‐5), were selected to blend with PP or PP/POE blends, respectively. The results show that PP containing 0.5–0.25 wt % DMDBS or 0.5–0.25 wt % TMB‐5 has relatively low impact strength. For PP/POE blends, although the impact strength increases gradually with the increasing of POE content, high content of POE is needed to obtain the available PP toughness. However, once nucleating agent and POE are simultaneously added into PP, PP/POE/NA blends show great improvement of toughness even at low POE content. Furthermore, the synergistic toughening effect of POE/TMB‐5 is more apparent than that of POE/DMDBS. SEM results show that whether DMDBS or TMB‐5 has no apparent effect on the morphologies of POE in the PP/POE/NA blends. Further investigations using DSC and POM indicate that both DMDBS and TMB‐5 induce the apparent enhancement of the crystallization temperature of PP and the sharp decrease of spherulites size of PP in the PP/POE/NA blends. The possible synergistic toughening mechanism is discussed in the work. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Grafted CMC/silica gel superabsorbent composite: Synthesis and investigation of swelling behavior in various media
Authors: Pourjavadi A. , Seidi F. , Salimi H. , Soleyman R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn the present study, we attempt to synthesize and characterize novel CMC‐g‐poly (acrylic acid‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid)/silica gel composite. Infrared spectroscopy and TGA thermal analysis were carried out to confirm the chemical structure of the hydrogel. Moreover, morphology of the samples was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of reaction variables affecting on water absorbency of the composite and swelling behavior in various solvents, salt, and pH solutions was investigated. Maximum water absorbency of the optimized final product was found to be 4000 g/g in distilled water. The absorbency under load (AUL) of the hydrogel was also determined by using an AUL tester at various applied pressures. Finally, dynamic swelling kinetics of the hydrogel was studied. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
ARTEMiS (Automated Robotic Terrestrial Exoplanet Microlensing Search): A possible expert‐system based cooperative effort to hunt for planets of Earth mass and below
Authors: Dominik M. , Horne K. , Allan A. , Rattenbury N.J. , Tsapras Y. , Snodgrass C. , Bode M.F. , Burgdorf M.J. , Fraser S.N. , Kerins E. , Mottram C.J. , Steele I.A. , Street R.A. , Wheatley P.J. , Wyrzykowski Ł. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe technique of gravitational microlensing is currently unique in its ability to provide a sample of terrestrial exoplanets around both Galactic disk and bulge stars, allowing to measure their abundance and determine their distribution with respect to mass and orbital separation. Thus, valuable information for testing models of planet formation and orbital migration is gathered, constituting an important piece in the puzzle for the existence of life forms throughout the Universe. In order to achieve these goals in reasonable time, a well‐coordinated effort involving a network of either 2m or 4×1m telescopes at each site is required. It could lead to the first detection of an Earth‐mass planet outside the Solar system, and even planets less massive than Earth could be discovered. From April 2008, ARTEMiS (Automated Robotic Terrestrial Exoplanet Microlensing Search) is planned to provide a platform for a three‐step strategy of survey, follow‐up, and anomaly monitoring. As an expert system embedded in eSTAR (e‐Science Telescopes for Astronomical Research), ARTEMiS will give advice for follow‐up based on a priority algorithm that selects targets to be observed in order to maximize the expected number of planet detections, and will also alert on deviations from ordinary microlensing light curves by means of the SIGNALMEN anomaly detector. While the use of the VOEvent (Virtual Observatory Event) protocol allows a direct interaction with the telescopes that are part of the HTN (Heterogeneous Telescope Networks) consortium, additional interfaces provide means of communication with all existing microlensing campaigns that rely on human observers. The success of discovering a planet by microlensing critically depends on the availability of a telescope in a suitable location at the right time, which can mean within 10 min. To encourage follow‐up observations, microlensing campaigns are therefore releasing photometric data in real time. On ongoing planetary anomalies, world‐wide efforts are being undertaken to make sure that sufficient data are obtained, since there is no second chance. Real‐time modelling offers the opportunity of live discovery of extra‐solar planets, thereby providing “Science live to your home”. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A tale of four surveys:What have we learned about the variable sky?
Authors: Howell S.B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFour tales concerning a set of photometric imaging surveys are spun. The reader is lead through a brief description of each survey and major results are presented. The four surveys are summarized in a few simple “rules”: 1) The fraction of point sources that are variable with respect to those that are found to be constant, increases as a power law as the photometric precision of the survey improves, and 2) This fact can be simply formulated as a power law function granting the user a predictive power. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Object classification at the Nearby Supernova Factory
Authors: Bailey S. , Aragon C. , Romano R. , Thomas R. C. , Weaver B. A. , Wong D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe present the results of applying new object classification techniques to the supernova search of the Nearby Supernova Factory. In comparison to simple threshold cuts, more sophisticated methods such as boosted decision trees, random forests, and support vector machines provide dramatically better object discrimination: we reduced the number of nonsupernova candidates by a factor of 10 while increasing our supernova identification efficiency. Methods such as these will be crucial for maintaining a reasonable false positive rate in the automated transient alert pipelines of upcoming large optical surveys. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The SuperNova Early Warning System
Authors: Scholberg K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA core collapse in the Milky Way will produce an enormous burst of neutrinos in detectors world‐wide. Such a burst has the potential to provide an early warning of a supernova's appearance. I will describe the nature of the signal, the sensitivity of current detectors, and SNEWS, the SuperNova Early Warning System, a network designed to alert astronomers as soon as possible after the detected neutrino signal. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Radio wavelength transients: Current and emerging prospects
Authors: Lazio J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractKnown classes of radio wavelength transients range from the nearby stellar flares and radio pulsars to the distant Universe γ‐ray burst afterglows. Hypothesized classes of radio transients include analogs of known objects, e.g., extrasolar planets emitting Jovian‐like radio bursts and giant‐pulse emitting pulsars in other galaxies, to the exotic, prompt emission from γ‐ray bursts, evaporating black holes, and transmitters from other civilizations. A number of instruments and facilities are either under construction or in early observational stages and are slated to become available in the next few years. With a combination of wide fields of view and wavelength agility, the detection and study of radio transients will improve immensely. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transient detection and classification
Authors: Becker A.C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractI provide an incomplete inventory of the astronomical variability that will be found by next‐generation time‐domain astronomical surveys. These phenomena span the distance range from near‐Earth satellites to the farthest Gamma Ray Bursts. The surveys that detect these transients will issue alerts to the greater astronomical community; this decision process must be extremely robust to avoid a slew of “false” alerts, and to maintain the community's trust in the surveys. I review the functionality required of both the surveys and the telescope networks that will be following them up, and the role of VOEvents in this process. Finally, I offer some ideas about object and event classification, which will be explored more thoroughly by other articles in these proceedings. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An RTML transport implementation on the Liverpool Telescope
Authors: Clay N.R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Liverpool Telescope is a 2.0m fully robotic telescope based on the Canary island of LaPalma. In this paper I describe the Java(TM) implementation of a method to transport RTML (Remote Telescope Markup Language) between a Node Agent (Web Services endpoint) embedded at the telescope and a remote Agent. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed, along with the suitability of the protocol for HTN standardisation. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robonet‐1.0
Authors: Mottram C.J. , Fraser S.N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRobonet‐1.0 is a prototype network of 2m robotic telescopes spread out around the world, consisting of three 2 metre telescopes. In this paper we present some of the science done with the network and how we use eSTAR and HTN technologies to perform observing programmes in an efficient manner. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Does your robot need a flamethrower? Automated astronomical instrumentation in Antarctica
Authors: Tothill N.F.H. , Martin C.L. , Kulesa C.A. , Briguglio R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Antarctic Plateau contains sites with the potential to be the best in the world for many astronomical observations. The Plateau has strong advantages in the waveband between thermal‐IR and millimetre‐waves, for time‐based astronomy, and for adaptive optics and interferometry. In such a harsh environment, automation of instrument functions becomes very important. At entirely remote (i.e., uncrewed) locations, automated instruments require robustness above all, especially in their self‐contained logistics functions (power and communications). At crewed stations, with human intervention available, automation should concentrate on increasing functionality and decreasing workload on the winterover scientists, enhancing the scientific return on a significant investment. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
GRB satellite triggers for neutrino telescopes
Authors: Bouwhuis M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe real‐time distribution of alert messages from satellites that detect gamma‐ray bursts are of key importance to neutrino telescopes.We describe how the distribution network of these alert messages is used by the ANTARES neutrino telescope, and the resulting increase in detection efficiency for neutrinos from gamma‐ray bursts. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Automated probabilistic classification of transients and variables
Authors: Mahabal A. , Djorgovski S.G. , Turmon M. , Jewell J. , Williams R.R. , Drake A.J. , Graham M.G. , Donalek C. , Glikman E. , Palomar‐QUEST team  
Published: March 2008

AbstractThere is an increasing number of large, digital, synoptic sky surveys, in which repeated observations are obtained over large areas of the sky in multiple epochs. Likewise, there is a growth in the number of (often automated or robotic) follow‐up facilities with varied capabilities in terms of instruments, depth, cadence, wavelengths, etc., most of which are geared toward some specific astrophysical phenomenon. As the number of detected transient events grows, an automated, probabilistic classification of the detected variables and transients becomes increasingly important, so that an optimal use can be made of follow‐up facilities, without unnecessary duplication of effort. We describe a methodology now under development for a prototype event classification system; it involves Bayesian and Machine Learning classifiers, automated incorporation of feedback from follow‐up observations, and discriminated or directed follow‐up requests. This type of methodology may be essential for the massive synoptic sky surveys in the future. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The ORAC‐DR data reduction pipeline
Authors: Cavanagh B. , Jenness T. , Economou F. , Currie M.J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe ORAC‐DR data reduction pipeline has been used by the Joint Astronomy Centre since 1998. Originally developed for an infrared spectrometer and a submillimetre bolometer array, it has since expanded to support twenty instruments from nine different telescopes. By using shared code and a common infrastructure, rapid development of an automated data reduction pipeline for nearly any astronomical data is possible. This paper discusses the infrastructure available to developers and estimates the development timescales expected to reduce data for new instruments using ORAC‐DR. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Integrating and deploying a VOEvent service
Authors: Warner P.B. , Seaman R.L. , Smith R.C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe NOAO VOEvent software components will provide a mechanism for publishing and general distribution of compliant VOEvents produced initially from Type Ia supernova event notifications from the NOAO ESSENCE survey, and eventually from any source of event notifications, to the astronomical community. We present a description of the NOAO VOEvent software architecture and components. We discuss technologies used, and provide a brief description of configuration and installation of the services and dependencies. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An autonomous adaptive scheduling agent for period searching
Authors: Saunders E.S. , Naylor T. , Allan A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe describe the design and implementation of an autonomous adaptive software agent that addresses the practical problem of observing undersampled, periodic, time‐varying phenomena using a network of HTN‐compliant robotic telescopes. The algorithm governing the behaviour of the agent uses an optimal geometric sampling technique to cover the period range of interest, but additionally implements proactive behaviour that maximises the optimality of the dataset in the face of an uncertain and changing operating environment. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
VOEvent authentication via XML digital signature
Authors: Allen S.L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA trivial modification to the XML schema of VOEvent v1.1 allows the inclusion of W3C digital signatures. Signatures enable identification, identification enables trust, and trust enables authorization. Such changes would inhibit abuse of the VOEvent networks. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Eudoxos: An HTN within the HTN
Authors: Solomos N. , Dimitrakopoulos I. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract“Eudoxos” Observatories administered from mount Ainos, Kefallinia island, Greece, target in becoming a multi‐telescope, multi‐site observational complex. This article presents the self‐similarity aspect of the Observatories, as an internal Heterogeneous Telescope Network structure (HTN) within the actual HTN. It proposes an architecture which allows for re‐use of the HTN protocol and the Remote Telescope Markup Language (RTML) in the internal HTN, describes the status of work so far and the technologies used for the development of the various software components. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Architectures for science: Intelligent agent technology
Authors: Naylor T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractI review the current architecture of the HTN and make three suggestions for the future. (i) We should retain the expertise split between agents which deal with the science programmes and those which deal with telescope constraints. This makes it easy to add new programmes or new telescopes. (ii) We should develop “look ahead” schedulers which attempt to schedule a whole night at once. This will give reliable calculations for the chance an observation will be carried out, and give a better chance that high priority time critical observations are successfully scheduled. (iii)We should strive to attract more science programmes to the HTN, in particular time critical observations spread over many nights, and non‐time critical work which can benefit from access to databases and the literature. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Distributed intelligence in an astronomical Distributed Sensor Network
Authors: White R.R. , Davis H. , Vestrand W.T. , Wozniak P.R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Telescope Alert Operations Network System (TALONS) was designed and developed in the year 2000, around the architectural principles of a distributed sensor network. This network supported the original Rapid Telescopes for Optical Response (RAPTOR) project goals; however, only with further development could TALONS meet the goals of the larger Thinking Telescope Project. The complex objectives of the Thinking Telescope project required a paradigm shift in the software architecture – the centralised intelligence merged into the TALONS network operations could no longer meet all of the new requirements. The intelligence needed to be divorced from the network operations and developed as a series of peripheral intelligent agents, distributing the decision making and analytical processes based on the temporal volatility of the data. This paper is presented as only one part of the poster from the workshop and in it we will explore the details of this architecture and how that merges with the current Thinking Telescope system to meet our project goals. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Autonomous software: Myth or magic?
Authors: Allan A. , Naylor T. , Saunders E.S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe discuss work by the eSTAR project which demonstrates a fully closed loop autonomous system for the follow up of possible micro‐lensing anomalies. Not only are the initial micro‐lensing detections followed up in real time, but ongoing events are prioritised and continually monitored, with the returned data being analysed automatically. If the “smart software” running the observing campaign detects a planet‐like anomaly, further follow‐up will be scheduled autonomously and other telescopes and telescope networks alerted to the possible planetary detection.We further discuss the implications of this, and how such projects can be used to build more general autonomous observing and control systems. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Taguchi methodology as a statistical tool for biotechnological applications: A critical appraisal
Authors: Rao Ravella Sreenivas , Kumar C. Ganesh , Prakasham R. Shetty , Hobbs Phil J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSuccess in experiments and/or technology mainly depends on a properly designed process or product. The traditional method of process optimization involves the study of one variable at a time, which requires a number of combinations of experiments that are time, cost and labor intensive. The Taguchi method of design of experiments is a simple statistical tool involving a system of tabulated designs (arrays) that allows a maximum number of main effects to be estimated in an unbiased (orthogonal) fashion with a minimum number of experimental runs. It has been applied to predict the significant contribution of the design variable(s) and the optimum combination of each variable by conducting experiments on a real‐time basis. The modeling that is performed essentially relates signal‐to‐noise ratio to the control variables in a 'main effect only' approach. This approach enables both multiple response and dynamic problems to be studied by handling noise factors. Taguchi principles and concepts have made extensive contributions to industry by bringing focused awareness to robustness, noise and quality. This methodology has been widely applied in many industrial sectors; however, its application in biological sciences has been limited. In the present review, the application and comparison of the Taguchi methodology has been emphasized with specific case studies in the field of biotechnology, particularly in diverse areas like fermentation, food processing, molecular biology, wastewater treatment and bioremediation.
RNA interference: An emerging generation of biologicals
Authors: Shrivastava Neeta , Srivastava Anshu 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism displayed by most eukaryotic cells to rid themselves of foreign double‐stranded RNA molecules. RNAi has now been demonstrated to function in mammalian cells to alter gene expression, and has been used as a means for genetic discovery as well as a possible strategy for genetic correction. RNAi was first described in animal cells by Fire and colleagues in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. Knowledge of RNAi mechanism in mammalian cell in 2001 brought a storm in the field of drug discovery. During the past few years scientists all over the world are focusing on exploiting the therapeutic potential of RNAi for identifying a new class of therapeutics. The applications of RNAi in medicine are unlimited because all cells possess RNAi machinery and hence all genes can be potential targets for therapy. RNAi can be developed as an endogenous host defense mechanism against many infections and diseases. Several studies have demonstrated therapeutic benefits of small interfering RNAs and micro RNAs in animal models. This has led to the rapid advancement of the technique from research discovery to clinical trials.