bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field Development Plan Defined by Technology: Pressure Transient Analysis and Spectral Decomposition Integrated with Production Made the Difference
Authors: Ardhi Z. , Glukstad M. , Rafliansyah A. , Abdali M. Al , Govinda P. , Mohanty R. , Shabibi H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Field XX in North Oman has been the focus of many penetrations targeting deep formations such as the Haima and Amin reservoirs since 1994. The Upper Gharif interval was penetrated by many wells, but it was never considered a pay zone of interest and was left behind casing. Petroleum Development of Oman (PDO)'s Exploration team considered the Upper Gharif (HSGH-G3) sand as a miss pay and carried out a very successful drilling campaign focused on these sands. Six out of nine wells encountered sands making clear that additional work was needed to understand the sand geometries and the trapping mechanism. Several wells were fracked and tested delivering self-flow production of over 500 m3/day. Not all the wells showed the same response. This work focused on two techniques to help define the extend, channel geometry, connectivity, and reservoir behavior: Wide Angle Spectral Decomposition (WASD) and Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA). Detailed seismic mapping on a Wide Azimuth re-processed volume by PDO's processing team, allowed the use of WASD and the definition of sand geometries, orientation, and dimensions. These were calibrated using the existing well penetrations. PTA analysis of two key wells was performed and the model and results were tested against the geometries observed in the Spectral images. The PTA work clearly showed radial flow and the presence of barriers. It confirmed observations of the dynamic behavior (permeability, skin and storage) and was also used to test different models pertinent to the presence of potential micro-fracture networks or cross flow. The next phase of appraisal and development will continue using the WASD images for well placement and calibration and refinement will ensue in case of surprises.
Application Study on 4 3 4-inch Rotary Percussion Drilling Tool in Hard Formation in KSA
Authors: Tu Yulin , Li Bodong , Zhan Guodong , Aljohar Abdulwahab 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Drilling in hard and abrasive formations has always been a major change in well development in the oil and gas industry. The extremely high compressive strength and abrasiveness of the formations normally result in low rate of penetration (ROP). This paper introduces the use of a commercial rotary percussion drilling tool, 4 3 4-inch Hydro-efflux hammer, and elaborates on the first-of-its-kind field application in a 5 7/8-inch well bore in the vertical section in Middle East. The field test results showed a 21.54% improvement in ROP compared to offset data, leading to significant cost savings. Functional tests on the rig floor demonstrated the robustness of the technology. To gain insights on the dynamics of the rotary percussion drilling, both surface and down-hole drilling dynamics sensors are deployed to measure the vibration for the field test. The vibration characteristics of the hydro-efflux hammer is also investigated, provided valuable data for optimizing the rotary percussion technique.
Enhancing Confidence in Multiphase Flow Profiling with Innovative Downhole Sensors
Authors: Maity S. , Manzar A. , Alshabibi H. , Aljindan J. , Zeghlache M. L. , Bukhamsin A. , Benlakhdar N. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Downhole flow profiling is critical to understand performance of a well, maximizing oil recovery and optimize the development of entire field. To address the challenges in multiphase flow profiling and the limitations of conventional fluid holdup measurements in complex conditions, a new Production Logging (PL) solution integrates distributed density, refractive-index (RI), and fluorescence (FL) measurements for more accurate flow profiling and zonal allocation. Innovative optical and piezo helm resonator sensors are developed to overcome traditional limitations, providing independent detection of oil and gas and enabling distributed density measurement, respectively. Promising results from flow loop testing and field deployment are discussed and help to enhance confidence and redundancy in holdup measurements for improved well performance optimization.
Successful Implementations of Drilling Microchips for Distributed Measurement while Drilling
Authors: Dokhani Vahid , Alshaikh Abrar , Li Bodong , Zhan Guodong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Access to downhole properties is essential to ensure the safety and efficiency of drilling operations. This study describes successful implementations of drilling microchips to acquire circulating pressure and temperature while drilling. It also elaborates on our developed scheme for depth conversion of the measured data.
In this study, 100 drilling microchips were dropped in three different sections of a wellbore. The microchips were deployed in a single batch in each trial. Although no recovery was achieved in the first trial, the learning lessons were utilized to revise the procedure. In particular, the flow rate was increased to ensure the recovery of microchips. Overall, 35 pieces of microchips were recovered, which shows a success rate of 35%. A data processing method is employed to convert the raw measured data in the time domain into depth scale. The method minimizes the difference between the predicted transit time and the actual transit time, which also takes into account the slip velocity of tracers.
The measured circulating pressure data enables obtaining separate velocity profile parameters for pipe and annuli. The results of measured pressure and temperature data show consistent measurements in pipe and annuli regardless of microchip type. The results further show that the measured pressure data can be used for the calculation of the ECD profile. It is also recognized that the accuracy of ECD calculations is better in lower sections of the wellbore. It is realized that a higher recovery rate is expected with increasing the flow rate. Novel results of successful data acquisition of downhole temperature and pressure are presented. In critical zones where the application of logging tools becomes risky, the presented method for acquiring downhole data is advantageous.
Fluorinated Polyzwitterion Coatings for Stabilizing Colloids and Lowing Retention of Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhu S. S. , Chen H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Nanoparticles (NP) injected in hydrocarbon reservoirs, as inter-well tracers or an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method, has been of great interest in petroleum engineering. However, NP's retention in reservoir conditions of high salinity and high temperature is one of the challenges in these applications because high retention is economically unfavorable. We explored the concept of applying lightly fluorinated polyzwitterions as a coating on hydrophobic styrenic nanoparticles that had previously shown significant adsorption on rock surfaces. This is a less explored area of research that correlates the properties of polymer and NPs retention to the structure variation of polymers and polymer coatings. The fact that a small fraction of a functional comonomer on a common polymer backbone can significantly change the polymer and NPs retention provides a low-cost option of modifying the retention property of common oil field materials.
Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Geologic Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Bauer J. F. , Amro M. M. , Nassan T. , Alkan H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Safe and effective large-scale storage of hydrogen (H2) is one of the biggest challenges of the global energy transition. The only way to realize this is storage in geological formations. The aim of this study is to address and discuss the reservoir engineering (RE) aspects of geological H2 storage (GHS). The study is based on two sources: first, a comprehensive literature review, and second, experimental and numerical work performed by our institute. The current state of the art regarding the principles of reservoir engineering on the application of GHS is reviewed and summarized.
Atypical properties of H2, with its lower density, viscosity and compressibility factor higher than one, increase uncertainties in the definition of capacity, injectivity, and confinement. In addition, the abiotic and biotic reactivity of H2 should be considered in the associated changes in petrophysical properties and molecular mass transfer in subsurface storage formations. Therefore, both geochemistry and reservoir microbiology are inseparable components of reservoir engineering of GHS. The sealing of H2 storage in a porous reservoir with caprock is due to the interplay between potentially higher capillary threshold pressure but higher diffusivity of H2, while the technically impermeable assumption of most deep salt formations can be considered as valid for H2 storage in caverns. Such changes can also affect the injectivity of H2 through plugging or dissolution. Well integrity is of particular concern when abandoned-old gas wells are reused. Especially at higher temperatures, hydrogen can behave more actively to support metal oxidation processes at the casing-cement contact and microbiological activity can promote these reactions. In addition, the permeability of the hardened cement samples to H2 is highly dependent on the effective pressure.
An overview of the reservoir engineering aspects of GHS is compiled from recent publications. We integrate key findings with our experimental results to provide essential guidance for front-end engineering and challenges to be addressed in future work. Monitoring of the reservoir pressure, as an indicator of microbial activity, is of great importance. Therefore, measures to control microbial activity have to be drawn, taking into account the site-specific characteristics.
Data-Driven Approaches for Quick Performance Assessment of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs
Authors: Alrassan A. I. , Al-Turki A. A. , Al-Zahrani T. M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hydrocarbon reservoir's heterogeneity, production, injection and aquifer support play a unique role into how field strategies are developed knowing key reservoir properties (e.g. drainage volumes, reservoir energy, rock properties, decline analysis, etc.). Alanood et al. (2022) illustrated applications of Fast Marching Method (FMM) in assessing reservoir performance, identifying reservoir patterns and anomalies from production/injection data, and predicting the reservoir response when considering modeling uncertainty for model calibration. The objective of this paper is to extend the previous work to include more field development controls like voidage replacement, infinite acting reservoirs, and performance prediction of new proposed producers or injectors.
The proposed approach in this work is to extend the physics-aware data-driven approach, that uses the diffusive time-of-flight (DTOF) to determine the pressure disturbance caused by production/injection wells to help in comprehending the impact on field development. The previous work by Alanood et al. (2022) is extended to account for voidage replacement, pressure maintenance and infinite acting reservoirs. In addition, this approach has been extended to predict the performance (e.g., rates, bottom-hole pressure and plateau) of proposed injection and production wells to give a quick insight about their performance prior to running the full-physics reservoir simulators. Thus, will give a better understanding in describing the transient flow. That is in addition to helping in inferring faults existence, fracture networks and inter-well connectivity.
In this work, SPE10 and NORNE benchmark models were used to test and validate the approach. The results show that this date-driven approach was able to match historical and predicted performance of the reservoirs and wells. The data-driven algorithms were able to generate pressure maps resembling the ones obtained from the full-physics reservoir for infinite acting reservoir models for the first few years before it starts to deviate. They also were able to predict rates and flowing bottom-hole pressure of injectors and producers to up to 80% when compared to reservoir simulation. In addition, several blind tests of placing injectors and producers revealed that the algorithms are capable of capturing the reservoir's pressure changes and wells performance in finite and infinite acting reservoirs.
The extended work of the physics-aware data-driven approach using the DTOF is a reliable approach to monitor reservoir pressure in the finite and infinite acting reservoirs (e.g., aquifer support and pressure maintenance injection). It also demonstrated the ability to predict the performance of existing and newly proposed wells to great accuracy. The approach provides a quick assessment of wells and reservoir performance given a certain field development strategy.
Successful Treatment in Water Control with Relative Permeability Modifiers for HP/HT Carbonates
Authors: Petriz José María , García Luis Alejandro , Acuña Erick , Narváez Iván Ernesto , Santos Sarai , Eoff Larry , Estrada Julio Vasquez , López Iván 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
One of the main problems in the decline of the production of any field is associated with the presence of fractional flow of water and its detrimental effect on the wells. This situation has led to a whole field of study regarding the understanding of this phenomenon, aimed at mitigating this through the application of several technologies and best reservoir management practices.
This paper will present the analysis, development and results obtained from the application of a relative permeability modifier (RPM) in a naturally fractured carbonate reservoir under high pressure and temperature conditions (HP / HT). This is in addition to a series of so-called "high potential" interventions, whose production benefits result in a profitable business case applying an optimized shut-in time strategy in high production wells.
Finally, a summary with various results of the application of the RPM in different wells will allow broadening the criteria of its application. Although there are cases of success, there will be others in which a better diagnosis must be made to ascertain its effectiveness in the short or medium term, which may be related to the identification of the preferential means of flow in a naturally fractured reservoir, which by its nature, results in a technical-technological challenge, both in its identification and discretization as well as in the field applications.
Experimental Study on the Use of Nanoparticles to Improve the Efficiency of CO2 Geological Storage
Authors: Ishibashi F. , Kumasaka J. , Esaki T. , Sugai Y. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Supercritical CO2 injected into the aquifer in CCS may migrate upward in the aquifer because its density is lower than the density of formation water. As a result, CO2 cannot be stored widely throughout the aquifer, which may reduce CO2 storage efficiency. The objective of this study is to increase the apparent density of supercritical CO2 by dispersing nanoparticles in itself and to improve CO2 storage efficiency by injecting CO2 widely in the aquifers.
The n-hexane, which has a similar solubility parameter to supercritical CO2, was used as an alternative solvent to supercritical CO2 in this study. The nanoparticles such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, and ZnO were added and stirred in n-hexane respectively, and their dispersibility was observed after stirring with a magnetic stirrer or ultrasonication for 30 minutes. The dispersibility of nanoparticles in n-hexane was qualitatively evaluated by irradiating the sample with green laser light after stirring and observing the scattered light. The effect of surfactants on improving the dispersibility of nanoparticles was also evaluated using nanoparticles modified with those surfactants.
All the nanoparticles were precipitated after 30 minutes of stopping stirring with a magnetic stirrer. The dispersibility of those nanoparticles was improved by ultrasonication and the dispersion was maintained up to about 3 hours. Similar experiments were conducted using nanoparticles modified with surfactants. As a result, improved dispersibility of Al2O3 and ZnO modified with anionic surfactants was obviously observed and laser light scattering was clearly observed for about 2 hours after the stirring was stopped. Finally, it was demonstrated that the dispersion of Al2O3 nanoparticles modified with anionic surfactant was maintained even after 48 hours in n-hexane by ultrasonication.
These results indicate that Al2O3 nanoparticles modified with anionic surfactant have high dispersibility in n-hexane, especially with ultrasonication. Anionic surfactants make the surface of nanoparticles hydrophobic, which enhances their dispersibility in nonpolar solvents such as supercritical CO2. Ultrasonication is effective for eliminating agglomeration among nanoparticles and improves their dispersibility in nonpolar solvents.
Deployment and Performance Analysis of Gas Handling ESP Systems in a High GOR Environment
Authors: Alsinan Y. M. , Alali M. H. , Fardan A. A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The rise of gas handling devices for ESPs has been crucial for high GOR environments. These devices aim to efficiently manage high gas volume fractions (GVF) to mitigate gas locking, which can cause frequent ESP trips, by homogenizing the fluid before entering the pump. This paper aims to provide a performance analysis on the effectiveness and capabilities of gas handling ESP systems, elaborating on the technology, mechanisms and the various deployed designs, including their success in enhancing wells’ performances and production rates.
To achieve optimum production conditions and well deliverability, ESPs with gas handling devices have been installed in numerous high GOR wells. All the ESP designs have been meticulously analyzed through multiple simulation models to optimize the design parameters, in addition to evaluating the performance of the well before and after the ESP installation. The study incorporates analysis of various ESP designs in terms of rate, GVF, and pump setting depth. The gas handling systems were tested across different conditions for thorough performance analysis and technology evaluation.
The performance analysis shows that the productivity of some wells has had a fivefold increase, while the maximum GVF the deployed gas handling systems can withstand is close to 55%. It's important to note that the ESP system functions better with higher intake pressure due to a more controlled GVF, meaning that a deeper pump setting depth is preferred when possible. Overall, the gas handling ESP installations have exhibited remarkable and promising results by substantially boosting the well deliverability and rate potential of their respective producers. Since conventional ESPs cannot withstand high GVF and tend to gas lock, eventually leading to pre-mature failure, this technology mitigates such failures and presents a reliable artificial lift method for high GOR reservoirs.
The deployment of ESPs with gas handling systems is proving to be a great success for significantly enhancing the production of high GOR oil producers requiring artificial lift. Hence, this study presents a reliable method to increase well deliverability, and confirms the advancement of the emerging technology as opposed to the conventional ESPs that cannot withstand high gas fractions.
Research on the Construction of Petroleum Software Cloud Platform Based on Distributed Architecture
Authors: Song Mengxin , Feng Mei , Wang Chengci , Miao Hongping , Feng Defu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Researchers in exploration and development (E&D) field need several professional software resources for data processing and analysis. Enterprises can achieve cloud-based usage and shared management of petroleum exploration and development software through the deployment of cloud platforms. With the increasing demand for remote and overseas collaborative research, the single-node cloud platform deployment mode no longer meets the needs of collaborative research. This paper proposes a construction scheme of cloud platform for petroleum software based on distributed architecture, which realizes the unified management of software research environment, software licenses, and data. The proposed architecture has been implemented in a division of CNPC, realizing the cloudification of more than 20 mainstream professional E&D software applications such as Petrel and LandMark. By establishing central sites in Beijing and branch sites in Dubai and Hangzhou, the researchers are provided with a cross-regional collaborative research environment on the cloud, thereby enhancing the research efficiency, improving the efficiency of cross-regional collaborative research, and facilitating the unified data management and the digital transformation of petroleum enterprises in the cloud environment.
The Nature of the Interaction Between Bit-Whirl and High-Frequency Torsional Oscillations
Authors: Hohl A. , Kueck A. , Kulke V. , Glowatzki K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
High-Frequency Torsional Oscillations (HFTO) are bit induced self-excited vibrations which can cause downhole tool failures and reduce the reliability of downhole tools. It is essential to understand the interaction of HFTO with other vibrational phenomena to develop effective HFTO mitigation strategies. While coupling with axial vibrations and stick-slip have already been studied extensively, the interaction of HFTO with lateral vibrations has received less attention. This paper analyzes this interaction based on a bit rock interaction model that accounts for the superimposed movement of whirl and HFTO at the bit.
The excitation of HFTO can be attributed to a velocity-dependent characteristic of the cutting torque. A model that incorporates the superposition of lateral and torsional movement at the bit is used to calculate the velocity-dependent bit torque based on three components: the cutting velocity at each cutter, the normal force distribution along bit blades, and velocity-dependent forces between the bit and the rock. The velocity distribution is based on a kinematic model that superimposes the lateral motion of whirling and the rotational motion of HFTO. The normal force distribution is derived from the bit blade and cutter configuration, and the velocity-dependent force characteristics at each bit element is based on findings of laboratory tests with single cutting elements. A continuous multivariable function determines the nonlinear drilling torque characteristic depending on the amplitudes of HFTO and backward whirl.
Evaluation of the simulated drilling torque shows that HFTO cannot be excited in presence of bit backward whirl. Specifically, it was found that an increasing rate of bit backward whirl leads to a bit torque characteristic generating less energy input or even energy output to HFTO. This is caused by backwards cutters with negative cutting torques corresponding to high energy dissipation. Forward whirl, on the other hand, cannot suppress HFTO. Comparison with laboratory data confirms these results. Cutter geometry and normal force distribution do not appear to have a significant effect on the results in either case.
The new bit model provides a physics-based explanation of why bit backward whirl and torsional vibrations cannot be observed simultaneously. The influence of parameters, like the cutting-edge geometry, can be evaluated much faster than, for example, with particle or finite element models.