bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardization of honey as a tissue fixative for histopathology: A morphometric study
Authors: Sabarinath B. , Suresh Shruthi , Protyusha G.B. , Dhanarathna S. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Tissue fixation is a crucial step to preserve the tissues in a life-like state with minimal disruption to its cellular and chemical composition for histopathological examination. The search for an effective alternate tissue fixative to the routinely used formaldehyde has gained interest as constant exposure to formaldehyde has proven to be toxic. Honey, an organic substance with high acidity and hygroscopic nature, exhibits tissue fixative properties and has been used in the present study. The present study aimed to standardize honey as a tissue fixative for histopathology by comparing it with formalin.

Materials and Methods:

In vitro study Oral tissue samples of goat were fixed in 10% honey and 10% formalin solution, respectively, for 24-48 h, followed by routine tissue processing and microscopic examination of 37 slides per group. 2200 epithelial cells (1100 per group) were selected for the computer-aided morphometric image analysis (Fiji-Image J) by three observers. Cell area (CA), cell perimeter (CP), nuclear area (NA), nuclear perimeter (NP), cytoplasmic area (Cyt A), and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio were the parameters studied. Mann-Whitney U-test (STATA/IC version 16) for inter-group comparison was done and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The probability of epithelial cells in the honey-fixed group to have greater NA, NP, and N/C ratio was about 50%-60%. The probability of epithelial cells in formalin-fixed tissues to have greater CA, CP, and Cyt A was about 70%.

Conclusion:
Honey is a better nuclear fixative than formalin. Cytoplasmic shrinkage of epithelial cells should be taken into consideration while fixing tissues with honey.
Lifestyle Determinants Associated with Tinnitus among Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zafar Mubashir , Alotaibi Abdullah D. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Sensorineural hearing loss (tinnitus) is common among young adults. There are different medical determinants which caused tinnitus symptoms, but lifestyle determinant is an important cause of tinnitus. This study determines the relationship between lifestyle determinants with tinnitus among adults through systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:
The study design for this study is a systematic review and meta-analysis; different search engines were used for the literature review: Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed/MEDLINE. Those article in which tinnitus caused by tumors, syndrome and medical or surgical caused were excluded. Data synthesis was done, and a total of 10 studies were pooled.

Results:
Smoking more than four times (odds ratio [OR]: 4.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–4.45), alcohol consumption 27% less likely (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.03–0.96), obesity two times more likely (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.71–5.20), and leisure noise exposure more than one time more likely (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.05–3.78) were significantly associated with tinnitus.

Conclusion:
There is enough evidence that lifestyle determinants (smoking, obesity, and leisure noise exposure) are related to tinnitus. This study highlights the knowledge gap in association of tinnitus with lifestyle determinants and it will help the future direction of research in this domain of tinnitus.
Effectiveness of a Competency-based Foundation Course in Enriching Medical Education: Insights from First year MBBS Students
Authors: Kulsoom Ummay , Prakash Avantika , Nigam Aruna 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The medical profession requires extensive knowledge and skills, making it a demanding and challenging profession. To help 1st-year medical students from diverse cultural and social backgrounds transition from a highly protected school environment to a professional course, a 1-month orientation program has been introduced by the National Medical Council in India.

Objectives:
This study aimed to evaluate the feedback of 1st-year medical students on the competency-based medical education foundation course.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 525 1st-year MBBS students from the 2022 to 2023 batch in various medical colleges across different states. A predesigned, structured, and validated questionnaire was used to obtain feedback from students on a 5-point Likert scale.

Results:
The feedback of 525 students was obtained and analyzed. The majority of students in all states reported 75%–100% orientation on the role of doctors in society, family practice, and national health policies. Basic life support skills were highly appreciated by most students (>55%) in all states. Computer skills were also found to be useful by the majority of students (61%). Most students (100%) reported sensitization and awareness of medical ethics and the availability of student support systems after attending the course. Field visits were rated as extremely useful, and the majority of students (52.9%) had exposure to sports and extracurricular activities.

Conclusion:
The foundation course aims to develop the necessary skills and leadership qualities that are essential for the overall development of an individual and an efficient doctor. Majority of the students rated the foundation course as very useful, indicating it to be a useful teaching program aiding in a smooth transition and adaptation to the various challenges throughout their professional course.
Early Clinical Predictors of Long-term Disability Progression in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ignatova Valentina Georgieva , Todorova Lyudmila Pavlova , Haralanov Lyubomir Haralanov , Vassilev Peter M. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
One of the unmet therapeutic needs in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) is to prevent the accumulation of irreversible disability. Formulating standardized predictors of conversion in the secondary progressive phase of the relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) should be a step toward solving this problem.

Objective:
To develop a reliable score, a predictor of physical disability worsening and secondary progression in patients with RRMS.

Materials and Methods:
Seventy-four patients with RRMS were observed retrospectively for 15 years. Clinical and demographic parameters were analyzed with respect to the time of reaching Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 4 and/or EDSS 6, as well as EDSS at the end of 15 years.

Results:
Almost half of the patients observed (47%) reached irreversible disability (EDSS ≥4.0) and ¼ developed secondary progression (EDSS 6.0). The statistically significant variables selected were age at onset of MS, sex, type (afferent, efferent, and combined), and number of symptoms during the first and second attacks. Based on this selection, a predictive score for the course of the disease was formed. It has a sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 89%, positive predictive value of 85%, and negative predictive value of 81%.

Conclusion:
The proposed predictive score can be applied as a complementary tool in the choice of appropriate therapeutic approach at the early stages of MS, which can help avoid disability overtime.
Lemmel’s Syndrome: Lesson Based on a Case Report
Authors: Farina Renato , Foti Pietro Valerio , Ilardi Adriana , Basile Antonio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Lemmel’s syndrome is a bile duct disease caused by periampullary duodenal diverticula that develop within 2–3 cm of the Vater papilla. This disease manifests itself as nonobstructive jaundice. In most cases, duodenal diverticula do not cause disease, and only in a small percentage of patients, diverticula cause biliary tract obstruction by extrinsic compression. If the compression is severe, in the long term, it can become complicated with lithiasis and cholangitis. Diagnosis is very difficult, and recurrent biliary symptoms must be directly related to the compression of the duodenal diverticula. Imaging is essential for differential diagnosis and includes conventional contrast radiographs, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The investigations show the dilation of the intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts in the absence of lithiasis or main pancreatic duct dilatation, compressed by the diverticula, which most frequently originate from the medial wall of the second duodenal tract. The treatment of choice is surgical with removal of the diverticula. Failure to diagnose can cause serious health complications for the patient.
Development and validation of a deep learning system for detection of small bowel pathologies in capsule endoscopy: a pilot study in a Singapore institution
Authors: Jiang Bochao , Dorosan Michael , Leong Justin Wen Hao , Ong Marcus Eng Hock , Lam Sean Shao Wei , Ang Tiing Leong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Deep learning models can assess the quality of images and discriminate among abnormalities in small bowel capsule endoscopy (CE), reducing fatigue and the time needed for diagnosis. They serve as a decision support system, partially automating the diagnosis process by providing probability predictions for abnormalities.

Methods:
We demonstrated the use of deep learning models in CE image analysis, specifically by piloting a bowel preparation model (BPM) and an abnormality detection model (ADM) to determine frame-level view quality and the presence of abnormal findings, respectively. We used convolutional neural network-based models pretrained on large-scale open-domain data to extract spatial features of CE images that were then used in a dense feed-forward neural network classifier. We then combined the open-source Kvasir-Capsule dataset (n = 43) and locally collected CE data (n = 29).

Results:
Model performance was compared using averaged five-fold and two-fold cross-validation for BPMs and ADMs, respectively. The best BPM model based on a pre-trained ResNet50 architecture had an area under the receiver operating characteristic and precision-recall curves of 0.969±0.008 and 0.843±0.041, respectively. The best ADM model, also based on ResNet50, had top-1 and top-2 accuracies of 84.03±0.051 and 94.78±0.028, respectively. The models could process approximately 200–250 images per second and showed good discrimination on time-critical abnormalities such as bleeding.

Conclusion:
Our pilot models showed the potential to improve time to diagnosis in CE workflows. To our knowledge, our approach is unique to the Singapore context. The value of our work can be further evaluated in a pragmatic manner that is sensitive to existing clinician workflow and resource constraints.
Evaluation of genetic response of mesenchymal stem cells to nanosecond pulsed electric fields by whole transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Lin Jian-Jing , Ning Tong , Jia Shi-Cheng , Li Ke-Jia , Huang Yong-Can , Liu Qiang , Lin Jian-Hao , Zhang Xin-Tao 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modulated by various exogenous signals have been applied extensively in regenerative medicine research. Notably, nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs), characterized by short duration and high strength, significantly influence cell phenotypes and regulate MSCs differentiation via multiple pathways. Consequently, we used transcriptomics to study changes in messenger RNA (mRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA expression during nsPEFs application.
AIM
To explore gene expression profiles and potential transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in MSCs pretreated with nsPEFs.
METHODS
The impact of nsPEFs on the MSCs transcriptome was investigated through whole transcriptome sequencing. MSCs were pretreated with 5-pulse nsPEFs (100 ns at 10 kV/cm, 1 Hz), followed by total RNA isolation. Each transcript was normalized by fragments per kilobase per million. Fold change and difference significance were applied to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed to elucidate gene functions, complemented by quantitative polymerase chain reaction verification.
RESULTS
In total, 263 DEGs were discovered, with 92 upregulated and 171 downregulated. DEGs were predominantly enriched in epithelial cell proliferation, osteoblast differentiation, mesenchymal cell differentiation, nuclear division, and wound healing. Regarding cellular components, DEGs are primarily involved in condensed chromosome, chromosomal region, actin cytoskeleton, and kinetochore. From aspect of molecular functions, DEGs are mainly involved in glycosaminoglycan binding, integrin binding, nuclear steroid receptor activity, cytoskeletal motor activity, and steroid binding. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed targeted transcript regulation.
CONCLUSION
Our systematic investigation of the wide-ranging transcriptional pattern modulated by nsPEFs revealed the differential expression of 263 mRNAs, 2 miRNAs, and 65 lncRNAs. Our study demonstrates that nsPEFs may affect stem cells through several signaling pathways, which are involved in vesicular transport, calcium ion transport, cytoskeleton, and cell differentiation.
To the history of Nykhas (III)
Authors: Туаллагов А.А. 
Published: March 2024

Статья посвящена проблеме исключительной формы отношений между женщинами и осетинским ныхасом. Проведенный анализ позволяет пола- гать, что ныхас был доступен для женщин в особом случае, связанном с воинской традицией. Стойкость самой традиции могла определяться мощным историче- ским импульсом, имеющим истоки в «сармато-аланском мире». Данное положение соотносится и с решением, что древние ныхасы, включая аланские, изначально слу- жили святилищами женского божества, только со временем трансформируясь в исключительно мужские святилища
The article is devoted to the problem of the exclusive form of relations between women and the Ossetian nykhas. The analysis suggests that nykhas was available to women in a special case associated with military tradition. The persistence of the tradition itself could be determined by a powerful historical impulse that had its origins in the «Sarmatian-Alan world». This position also correlates with the decision that the ancient nykhas, including the Alanian ones, initially served as sanctuaries of a female deity, only over time transforming into exclusively male sanctuaries
Petroglyphs of Hagondocks: analogies and their distribution
Authors: Кагазежев Ж.В. 
Published: March 2024

В статье рассматриваются исследованные в апреле 2023 г. и вводимые в научный оборот автором петроглифы Хагондоково, а также анализируются схожие изо- бражения, обнаруженные на Северном Кавказе. Уникальные по богатству изображений, петроглифы Хагондково представляют собой вырезанные и нанесенные темно-красной охрой на скальных породах знаки различной геометрической формы. С последней чет- верти XIX в. до наших дней кавказоведами накоплен значительный исследовательский материал по изучению петроглифов Северного Кавказа. В процессе анализа источников впервые делается вывод о существовании однообразной культуры нанесения петро- глифов на скалах, камнях и мегалитах Северного Кавказа. Особо большая плотность их распространения обнаруживается на Западном и Центральном Кавказе. Наличие по- добных петроглифов в Крыму и Северо-Западном Причерноморье позволяет сделать вывод о значительном распространении петроглифов, аналогичных Хагондоковским, в бассейне Средиземноморья.
The article examines the materials of the Hagondokovo petroglyphs found by the author in April 2023 and analyzes similar images found in the North Caucasus. The Hagondkovo petroglyphs, unique in their richness of images, represent various geometric shapes, signs carved and applied in dark red ochre on the rocks. From the last quarter of the XIX century to the present day, kavkazologists have accumulated significant research material on the study of petroglyphs of the North Caucasus. In the process of analyzing the sources, it is concluded for the first time that there is a monotonous culture of applying petroglyphs on rocks, stones and megaliths of the North Caucasus. A particularly high density of their location is found in the Western and Central Caucasus. The presence of such petroglyphs in the Crimea and further in the Northwestern Black Sea region, allows us to conclude that there is a significant spread of such Hagondokovo petroglyphs in the Mediterranean basin.
The role of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in the formation of scientific Ossetian studies
Authors: Дзидзоев В.Д. 
Published: March 2024

В статье анализируется деятельность первых российских научных экспедиций в Осетию и на Кавказ с целью изучения народов, постепенно входивших в лоно Российской империи. Большое внимание уделяется первым ученым, которые изучали историю осетинского народа по заданию Петербургской академии наук, военным и гражданским чиновникам, оставившим интересные и ценные сведения о народах Кавказа, в том числе осетинах
The article analyzes the results and results of the first Russian scientific expeditions that visited Ossetia and the Caucasus as a whole, studying the history of the peoples who gradually entered the bosom of the Russian Empire. Much attention is paid to the first scientists who studied the history of the Ossetian people on the instructions of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, military and civilian officials who left interesting and valuable information about the peoples of the Caucasus, including Ossetians
Exhibits and collections of the ore and petrographic museum of igem ras : from the mineral cabinet of the kunstkamera to the "systematic petrographic collection" of peter the great geological museum, the imperial academy of sciences (to the 300th anniversary of the Russian academy of sciences) Part 1: Exhibits of the mineral cabinet of the kunstkamera
Authors: Докучаев А.Я. , Гурбанов А.Г. , Каргин А.В. , Кулаков Ф.В. , Кондрашов И.А. , Курдюков Е.Б. , Смольянинова В.Н. , Суханов М.К. , Юдинцева В.А. 
Published: March 2024

Рудно-петрографический музей ИГЕМ РАН и Минералогический музей им. А.Е. Ферсмана РАН являются одними из старейших академических музеев России. Начало формирования их коллекций относится к 1714–1716 гг., когда была создана Кунсткамера. В Рудно-петрографическом музее ИГЕМ РАН хранятся исторические коллекции и архивные материалы Минерального кабинета Кунсткамеры, впоследствии ставшие основой Минералогического (в последующие годы Геологического, Геологиче- ского и Минералогического) музея имени Петра Великого Императорской АН в Санкт-Петербурге. В статье приведены сведения о первых коллекциях Кунсткамеры и ее Минерального кабинета, а так- же о дальнейшей истории формирования коллекций Минерального кабинета в составе Император- ской Академии наук. Авторами коллекций и экспонатов являются выдающиеся ученые, политические и общественные деятели России. На основании архивных документов, уточнена и впервые освещена история находок и передачи в Минеральный кабинет Кунсткамеры некоторых уникальных экспонатов и коллекций.
The Ore and Petrographic Museum of IGEM RAS and Fersman Mineralogical Museum of RAS are among the oldest academic museums in Russia. The beginning of their collections dates back to 1714-1716, when the Kunstkamera was established. The Ore and Petrographic Museum of IGEM RAS houses historical collections and archival materials of the Mineral Cabinet of the Kunstkamera, which later became the basis of the Peter the Great Mineralogical in the following years Geological, Geological and Mineralogical Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. The paper provides information about the first collections of the Kunstkamera and its Mineral Cabinet, as well as the further history of the acquisition of the Mineral Cabinet collections as part of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. The authors of the collections and exhibits are prominent scientists, political and public figures of Russia. Based on archival documents, the history of the discovery and transfer of some unique exhibits and collections to the Mineral Cabinet of the Kunstkamera is clarified and covered for the first time.
AN INTRODUCTION TO NIRSEVIMAB
Authors: Kalanovic Dylag Ivana , Dylag Andrew 
Published: March 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a dominating respiratory infection worldwide. It is responsible for infecting millions of children worldwide each winter through highly contagious droplets and secretions. Over 2.1 million of these children require some form of medical attention during illness. Due to this high disease burden, the development of new agents to prevent or reduce the spread of RSV has been a top priority. Recently, nirsevimab, a new monoclonal antibody was introduced for the 2023-2024 winter season that holds promise for limiting the spread, morbidity, and mortality associated with RSV.
Public Awareness of Anti-Violence against Women and Children Law in Tagum City: Basis for Information Dissemination Plan
Authors: Encabo Michelle T. Encabo , Dura Dr. Alger P. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This quantitative study intended to investigate people's awareness regarding RA 9262, the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004, and to propose an intervention based on the study results.
Materials and Methods: There were 384 respondents selected through stratified sampling who answered the standardized survey questionnaires. The respondents were 18 years old and above and randomly picked. Furthermore, the research design in this study was quantitative, non-experimental, and descriptive-correlational. After the collection of data, responses were encoded for data analysis. Mean and Standard Deviation statistics described the respondents' awareness of the protection, liability, physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence, penalties, and protective measures of RA 9262. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) determined the significance of the difference between variables.
Findings: The mean and standard deviation showed high respondents' awareness of all the salient provisions of RA 9262: subject of protection, subject to liability, physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence, economic violence penalties, and protective measures. The ANOVA results revealed significant differences in people's awareness of RA 9262 by age, marital status, educational attainment, employment status, and the number of years living together. Those with better awareness of the said law are the 42 to 49-year-olds, married, with higher educational attainments, with higher employment status, and with a partner for more than ten years.
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study offered intervention strategies to increase awareness of the A-VAWC law at the community level. The local government unit of Tagum City may target awareness-raising and education campaigns to reach those groups with lower levels of awareness and understanding. Future researchers may investigate other factors that influence awareness and understanding of RA 9262 among different demographic groups. Policy makers may also include updating of gender and development related laws to improve proposed intervention strategies.