bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: How Should Data on Murine Spontaneous Abortion Rates be Expressed and Analyzed?
Authors: Clark David A. , Petitbarat Marie , Chaouat Gerard 
Published: July 2008

Problem  Spontaneous abortions in the CBA × DBA/2 model are normally reported as number of resorptions/total number of implantations (R/T), pooling data from individual mice. The significance of differences between groups has been determined using non‐parametric statistics (e.g. chi‐square or Fisher’s Exact test) based on a priori predictions. Recently, it has been argued that medians with box plots should replace the accepted standard, but this deprives readers of data needed to verify P‐values, and leads to inferences incompatible with biological and statistical reality.Method of study  Raw data on 173 individual CBA × DBA/2 matings were analyzed by median and mean, along with R/T data from 18 independent experiments containing 5–10 mice per group. Raw data from 19 CBA × BALB/c matings were similarly analyzed.Results  Individual CBA × DBA/2 mouse resorption rates showed a non‐Gaussian distribution, but the mean and median differed by <0.5%. Resorption data from 6 and 12 independent pools of mice were normally distributed. Only the mean enabled a between‐group P‐value calculation. CBA × BALB/c matings gave a median of 0 and mean of 5.1%; the data were not normally distributed, but that was because of a bimodal distribution. One group of mice had 0 abortions, and the second a mean of 13.9% abortions, and the data from the latter group were normally distributed.Conclusion  Although it is possible to compare individual mice, and even individual implantation sites, in resorption (abortion) studies, as the relevant question is the significance of differences between treatment groups of mice, and reproducibility, the established classical method of reporting R/T should continue to be provided. In CBA × BALB/c matings, where abortion rates are low, using the median is misleading and may obscure the existence of two distinct populations.
Porous Titanium Granules Used as Osteoconductive Material for Sinus Floor Augmentation: A Clinical Pilot Study
Authors: Bystedt Hans , Rasmusson Lars 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTBackground: Resorption of grafting material may lead to unpredictable long‐term results when rehabilitating the resorbed posterior maxilla. Nonresorbable, osteoconductive bone substitutes may therefore be an advantage over autogenous bone grafts.Purpose: The aim of the present pilot study was to test titanium granules as bone substitute in patients planned for augmentation of the sinus floor prior to or in conjunction with placement of dental implants.Materials and Methods: Sixteen patients with uni‐ or bilateral edentulism and need for augmentation of the sinus floor were included in the study. Residual bone height was 2 to 5 mm. Grafting and installation of the dental implants (18 fixtures) was carried out in the same session if primary stability of the implants could be achieved (12 patients). A staged protocol with implant placement 3 to 7 months after the augmentation procedure was used when primary implant stability was impossible to achieve (four patients). In all, 23 TiOblast™ (Astra Tech AB, Mölndal, Sweden) implants were installed.Results: The patients have been followed 12 to 36 months after prosthetic loading. Three implants were found mobile and were removed (13.0%). Two of these were in patients where grafting and implant installation were carried out in separate procedures. The implants were found mobile at abutment connection and were removed. One patient in the single‐stage group had a postoperative sinus infection, which was successfully treated with antibiotics. However, one out of two implants in this patient was found mobile and was removed after 1 year in function.Conclusions: In the present study, titanium granules seem to function as augmentation material in the sinus floor. It is, however, not clear if the material can be safely used for two‐stage procedures. Further investigations with longer healing time before implant installation are required. Also, the possible risk of granule displacement during preparation of the fixture site should be further investigated. Additionally, biopsies from patients are requested to confirm any bone ingrowth between the granules.
Morbidity after Chin Bone Harvesting – A Retrospective Long‐Term Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Weibull Lucy , Widmark Göran , Ivanoff Carl‐Johan , Borg Eva , Rasmusson Lars 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTBackground: Resorption of the alveolar bone after tooth extraction may result in insufficient bone volume for implant placement. Augmentation of the resorbed site using autogenous bone grafts harvested from the maxillofacial region, for example, the chin, is a common method; however, it also involves donor site morbidity. Chin graft morbidity involves impaired sensibility in the frontal teeth, the gingival, and skin postoperatively.Materials and Methods: A group of 60 patients with partial edentulism in the maxilla and insufficient bone volume for implant therapy were augmented with bone grafts from the mandibular symphysis. The grafting procedure was performed between 1991 and 2001 with a follow‐up period of 1 year after surgery. Postoperative sensibility of the lip, teeth, and gingiva was registered. Forty‐six patients (18 women and 28 men) also participated in a long‐term follow‐up study. The mean age was 49 years (range 23–81 years) and the mean follow‐up time was 7.5 years (range 4–14 years). The donor site was evaluated in four parts: a standardized clinical examination, radiographic examination and measurements, a mail‐in questionnaire, and a survey of the medical records regarding complications and graft size. In the donor site, both hard tissue (mandibular symphysis and teeth) and soft tissue (ie, lower lip, infralabial area, and chin) were evaluated. A questionnaire was also answered by 38 of 46 patients.Results: In the long‐term follow‐up, impaired tactility and sensitivity of the soft tissues were registered in 7.6%. Adjacent teeth (incisors, canines, first and second premolar) (n = 418), showed increased lamina dura in seven cases (1.7%) and four teeth had apical pathology (1.0%). The donor site (n = 45) showed good remineralization in 42 patients (93.3%), and 28 patients (62.2%) had a noticeable concavity radiologically. The questionnaires from 38 patients (answer frequency 82.3%) rated high satisfaction with the grafting and implant treatment.Conclusions: This study indicates that long‐term follow‐up of the chin graft donor site shows some postoperative morbidity. The most frequent disturbance was impaired sensibility in the soft tissues of the chin. The lower lip and teeth showed fewer disturbances. The rate of subjective symptoms was higher than the clinical findings but did, in general, not affect the patient in daily life. At radiographic examination, bone healing after chin graft harvesting did not regenerate to the preoperative level. The donor site showed good remineralization but left a radiologic concavity in the majority of cases.
Keats's ‘Dull Rhymes’ and the Making of the Ode Stanza
Authors: Mulrooney Jonathan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article focuses on how John Keats's experimentation with the sonnet genre led to the development of his famous ode stanza. Several sonnets written in 1818 and 1819, most notably ‘If by dull rhymes our english must be chain'd’, illustrate Keats's dissatisfaction with traditional forms and his desire for a stanza that could present a more meditative speaker. Providing a brief survey of critical approaches to Keats's odes, the author stresses that the vital connection between ode stanza and the sonnet needs renewed discussion. With close readings of the interplay between syntax and form in the stanzas of Ode on Melancholy, Ode to a Nightingale, and To Autumn, the article attempts in a preliminary way to explore how the odes highlight their speaker's revision of tradition, presenting a lyric voice conscious of its own position in literary history.
British Garden Literature: Historiography and Idiomatic Change
Authors: Crawford Rachel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBritish garden literature, limited in this essay to horticulture, has been published since the advent of printing. The writing of garden history, however, is usually identified with Stephen Switzer's first, historical chapter in his Nobleman, Gentleman, and Gardener's Recreation (1715); yet garden histories are a convention of the earliest printed literature on gardens. Because early modern garden literature incorporates different historiographic conventions than modern, this aspect of it has been neglected by critics. In an additional complication, two great idiomatic changes punctuate the timeline of garden histories: the first begins in the decades before the Interregnum, a transformation from a Catholic idiom to one that is Protestant; the second in the latter half of the eighteenth century, from an idiom that was religious, mythical, and legendary to one that is aesthetic. Only in recent decades, with the pressure to reinsert history into literatures generally, have the embedded histories in early modern garden literature once again become legible.
The Transnational Epic in America
Authors: Morley Catherine 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article explores the roots of the epic fiction of John Updike and Philip Roth. The author makes the case that each writer has been profoundly influenced not only by great American forebears such as Emerson and Melville, but by a European tradition that stretches back to Homer, Virgil and the classical epic, and also by the example of James Joyce, whose great workUlyssesrecast the epic for the modernist age. Looking closely at such works as Updike's Rabbit novels and Roth'sAmerican PastoralandThe Human Stain, and drawing on recent theories of transatlantic cultural exchange, the author shows how each writer has been inspired by both American and European forerunners to produce epic works that subtly deconstruct the founding myths of American national identity.
New Directions in British Art History of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Fordham Douglas 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis essay examines new developments in the history of eighteenth‐century British art since the publication of David Solkin'sPainting for Money: The Visual Arts and the Public Sphere in Eighteenth‐Century Englandin 1993. While Solkin's account of an urban professional class recasting a civic humanist ideology in its own polite and commercial image continues to hold tremendous sway in the field, this state of the field article identifies three major trends that have tempered and challenged that account. Recent scholarship dealing with gender, space, and empire has subtly reoriented the field towards a more inclusive notion of artistic agency and reception, a more synchronic and spatial approach, and an increasingly global perspective.
Latino Disparities in Child Mental Health Services
Authors: Lopez Cyntia , Bergren Martha Dewey , Painter Susan G. 
Published: July 2008

TOPIC:  Access and utilization of mental health services for Latino children. PURPOSE:  As Latino children may experience higher rates of unmet needs, this article examines the current literature for the reasons for the disparity and the barriers to the utilization of mental health services for Latino children. SOURCES:  An integrative literature review was undertaken from child psychiatry and nursing. CONCLUSIONS:  The literature confirmed a pattern of underutilization of mental health services by Latino children, but did not completely address the reasons for the disparity. Suggested barriers were language and cultural issues. Gaps in the literature include a lack of agreement for definition of a mental health problem and the tools to identify these, insufficient studies into the barriers for Latino children in the access and utilization of mental health services, and cultural and language issues related to Latino research.
Bridging Cultures for Latino Children: School Nurse and Advanced Practice Nurse Partnerships
Authors: DeSocio Janiece , Elder Loretta , Puckett Sandra 
Published: July 2008

TOPIC:  Barriers to use of mental health services by Latino families include stigma, service costs, and disparity of services with cultural values and traditions. School nurses are in key positions to recognize mental health needs of Latino children and form relationships that facilitate family connections with mental health services. Advanced practice psychiatric nurses may be contracted by school districts to provide consultation to school nurses or may be available to school nurses through connections with school‐based health centers. Case examples are provided to illustrate the value of school nurse consultation with an advanced practice psychiatric nurse in promoting awareness of cultural influences on children's symptoms and behaviors and developing culturally sensitive approaches to engage Latino children and families in school and health services. PURPOSE:  This paper aims to review literature on Latino mental health and present rationale for school nurse and advanced practice nurse partnerships to promote culturally sensitive approaches that facilitate Latino family access and utilization of health services. SOURCES:  Published literature and case scenarios. CONCLUSIONS:  With advanced practice nurse consultation, school nurses identify mental health needs of Latino children and develop culturally sensitive approaches that bridge Latino families’ access to and utilization of health services.
Current Sexual Trauma Among High‐Risk Teen Mothers
Authors: Mylant MaryLou , Mann Colleen 
Published: July 2008

PROBLEM:  The highest rate of reported intimate partner violence (IPV) is among women 15–45 years old (

Hart & Jamieson, 2001

) with 20% of pregnant teens reporting abuse (

Campbell, 1999

); however, little research on IPV and American Indian teen mothers has been done. METHOD:  The purpose of this paper is to describe the degree of IPV and current sexual trauma among a group of Northern Plains adolescents being served by an American Indian teen mother program. FINDINGS:  The relationship of trauma, substance abuse, and trauma symptoms are described. IPV was reported by 61% of the participants, with 37.5% reporting IPV during pregnancy and 22.5% reporting current sexual trauma. CONCLUSIONS:  Development and testing of interventions for American Indian teen mothers, specifically related to trauma, are needed in addition to primary mental health services by agencies caring for this population.
Culture Bound Anxiety Disorder in Adolescence: A Case Study
Authors: Hamilton Joshua M. 
Published: July 2008

TOPIC:  There are a number of culture‐bound syndromes in the literature that may directly impact on clients’ systems of meaning and, thus, the clinician's ability to effectively intervene. This applies to Hispanic/Latino children, particularly those who present with anxiety and somatic symptoms. PURPOSE:  This case study deals with a 14‐year‐old Hispanic girl who presented at a behavioral health clinic with anxiety behaviors. SOURCES:  Review of the literature and case example from practice. CONCLUSION:  Since culture can have a profound influence on a child's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, nurses’ cultural understanding is critical in psychiatric diagnostic evaluation and treatment.
A broad-line region origin for the iron Kα line in NGC 7213
Authors: Bianchi Stefano , La Franca Fabio , Matt Giorgio , Guainazzi Matteo , Jimenez Bailón Elena , Longinotti Anna Lia , Nicastro Fabrizio , Pentericci Laura 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
The X-ray spectrum of NGC 7213 is known to present no evidence for Compton reflection, a unique result among bright Seyfert 1s. The observed neutral iron Kα line, therefore, cannot be associated with a Compton-thick material, like the disc or the torus, but is due to Compton-thin gas, with the broad-line region (BLR) as the most likely candidate. To check this hypothesis, a long Chandra High-Energy Transmission Grating observation, together with a quasi-simultaneous optical spectroscopic observation at the ESO NTT EMMI were performed. We found that the iron line is resolved with a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) = 2400+1100−600 km s−1, in perfect agreement with the value measured for the broad component of the Hα, 2640+110−90 km s−1. Therefore, NGC 7213 is the only Seyfert 1 galaxy whose iron Kα line is unambiguously produced in the BLR. We also confirmed the presence of two ionized iron lines and studied them in greater detail than before. The resonant line is the dominant component in the Fe xxv triplet, therefore suggesting an origin in collisionally ionized gas. If this is the case, the blueshift of around 1000 km s−1 of the two ionized iron lines could be the first measure of the velocity of a starburst wind from its X-ray emission.
Self-consistent simulations of star cluster formation from gas clouds under the influence of galaxy-scale tidal fields
Authors: Hurley Jarrod R. , Bekki Kenji 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
We present the first results of a project aimed at following the formation and long-term dynamical evolution of star clusters within the potential of a host galaxy. Here, we focus on a model evolved within a simplified potential representing the Large Magellanic Cloud. This demonstrates for the first time the self-consistent formation of a bound star cluster from a giant molecular cloud. The model cluster reproduces the density profiles and structural characteristics of observed star clusters.
Key Features of Artificial Aquifers for Use in Modeling Contaminant Transport
Authors: Close Murray , Bright John , Wang Fuli , Pang Liping , Manning Maitland 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTwo large‐scale (9.5 m long, 4.7 m wide, 2.6 m deep), three‐dimensional artificial aquifers were constructed to investigate the influence of spatial variations in aquifer properties on contaminant transport. One aquifer was uniformly filled with coarse sand media (0.6 to 2.0 mm) and the other was constructed as a heterogeneous aquifer using blocks of fine, medium, and coarse sands. The key features of these artificial aquifers are described. An innovative deaeration tower was constructed to overcome a problem of the aquifers becoming blocked with excess air from the ground water source. A series of tracer injection experiments were conducted to test the homogeneity of the first aquifer that was purposely built as a homogeneous aquifer and to calculate values of aquifer parameters. Experimental data show that the aquifer is slightly heterogeneous, and hydraulic conductivity values are significantly higher down one side of the aquifer compared to the mean value. There was very good agreement in estimated dispersivity values between the plume area ratio methods and the curve fitting of tracer breakthrough curves. Dispersivity estimates from a full areal source injection (12.2 m2) experiment using a 1D analytical model were higher than estimates from a limited source injection (0.2 m2) experiment using a 3D model, possibly because the 1D model does not take account of the heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity in the aquifer, thus overestimating dispersivity. Transverse and vertical dispersivity values were about five times less than the longitudinal dispersivity. There was slight sorption of Rhodamine WT onto the aquifer media.
Influence of anaerobic digestion on the carbon footprint of various sewage sludge treatment options
Authors: Barber William P. F. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the results of a model set up to determine carbon footprints for sludge treatment solutions with and without standard or advanced anaerobic digestion. Complete and ‘gate’ (up to the point the sludge leaves the sewage works gate) footprints were calculated. The lowest carbon footprints corresponded with advanced digestion options, which reduced downstream energy and transport (hence carbon) requirements regardless of the endpoint of the sludge. The lowest complete carbon footprint solution coincided with advanced digestion, followed by drying with energy recovery. However, this option had the highest gate carbon footprint. In terms of gate carbon footprint, land application of an advanced digested sludge cake had the smallest footprint, followed by land application of dried pellets and finally incineration.
Strategic Reliabilism: A Naturalistic Approach to Epistemology
Authors: Bishop Michael A. , Trout J. D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractStrategic Reliabilism is a framework that yields relative epistemic evaluations of belief‐producing cognitive processes. It is a theory of cognitive excellence, or more colloquially, a theory of reasoning excellence (where ‘reasoning’ is understood very broadly as any sort of cognitive process for coming to judgments or beliefs). First introduced in our book, Epistemology and the Psychology of Human Judgment (henceforth EPHJ), the basic idea behind SR is that epistemically excellent reasoning is efficient reasoning that leads in a robustly reliable fashion to significant, true beliefs. It differs from most contemporary epistemological theories in two ways. First, it is not a theory of justification or knowledge – a theory of epistemically worthy belief. Strategic Reliabilism is a theory of epistemically worthy ways of forming beliefs. And second, Strategic Reliabilism does not attempt to account for an epistemological property that is assumed to be faithfully reflected in the epistemic judgments and intuitions of philosophers. If SR makes recommendations that accord with our reflective epistemic judgments and intuitions, great. If not, then so much the worse for our reflective epistemic judgments and intuitions.
Space and Government: Governmentality and Geography
Authors: Huxley Margo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis essay outlines the main aspects of Foucault's notion of governmentality as a historically contingent and dispersed form of power seeking to act on the action of others and on the self. It explores conceptual dimensions of governmentality and its connections to Foucault's historical philosophical investigations of truths, rationalities and the subject. As a focus of geographical analysis, Foucauldian approaches first appear in historical geographies of disciplinary institutions, but this focus on the enclosed spaces of discipline also raises questions about the management of populations beyond the institutional walls. Governmentality approaches are now found in nearly every sub‐field of human geography, forming the basis of much innovative work exploring the significance of space in projects of government.