bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Screening by a Physical Therapist for Nonmusculoskeletal Hip Pain
Authors: VanWye William R 
Published: January 2009

Background and PurposeMechanical hip pain and disease-based hip pain can have similar signs and symptoms, thereby presenting a differential diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Hip pain is a common complaint addressed by physical therapists; therefore, it would be advantageous for them to be knowledgeable about differential diagnosis for hip pain, so that they can screen for possible serious conditions outside the realm of physical therapist practice and make the appropriate referral.Case DescriptionA 77-year-old man was referred for physical therapy by his primary care physician (PCP) with diagnoses of lumbar spine and left hip osteoarthritis and possible trochanteric bursitis. After the examination, the physical therapist determined that the patient should return to his PCP for further testing. Findings leading to this conclusion were pain severity out of proportion to the reported injury, the presence of night pain, a positive “sign of the buttock,” and empty end feels of all hip joint motions, which represented a noncapsular pattern of joint restriction.OutcomesThe patient was diagnosed later with primary lung adenocarcinoma with widespread metastases. A computerized tomography scan of the left hip revealed a metastatic lesion at the left proximal femur.DiscussionPhysical therapists’ ability to adequately screen for conditions requiring examination by a physician can lead to a more timely diagnosis of serious medical conditions. Investigators have found published descriptions of end feels, capsular versus noncapsular patterns of restriction, and the sign of the buttock to be beneficial screening tools for use in people with hip, pelvis, or lumbar spine pain.
Suspected venous air embolism in three horses
Authors: Pellegrini‐Masini A. , Hurtado I. Rodriguez , Stewart A. J. , Divers T. J. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryVenous air embolism was suspected in 3 hospitalised horses on the basis of an inadvertently open jugular venous line. Subsequently the 3 horses developed clinical signs including cardiovascular collapse, cardiac dysrhythmia, pulmonary oedema, behavioural abnormalities and neurological signs consistent with central nervous system injury. Treatment included intranasal oxygen therapy, i.v. fluid administration and anti‐inflammatory therapy. Specific therapy aimed at treating air embolism in man is reviewed, with pertinent therapy potentially applicable to horses emphasised.
The continued burden of spine fractures after motor vehicle crashes
Authors: Wang Marjorie C. , Pintar Frank , Yoganandan Narayan , Maiman Dennis J. 
Published: January 2009

Object
Spine fractures are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). Public health interventions, such as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, have led to an increase in automobiles with air bags and the increased use of seat belts to lessen injuries sustained from MVCs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate secular trends in the occurrence of spine fractures associated with MVCs and evaluate the association between air bag and seat belt use with spine fractures.

Methods
Using the Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System, a database of the police reports of all MVCs in Wisconsin linked to hospital records, the authors studied the occurrence of spine fractures and seat belt and air bag use from 1994 to 2002. Demographic information and crash characteristics were obtained from the police reports. Injury characteristics were determined using International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) hospital discharge codes.

Results
From 1994 to 2002, there were 29,860 hospital admissions associated with automobile or truck crashes. There were 20,276 drivers or front-seat passengers 16 years of age and older who were not missing ICD-9-CM discharge codes, seat belt or air bag data, and who had not been ejected from the vehicle. Of these, 2530 (12.5%) sustained a spine fracture. The occurrence of spine fractures increased over the study period, and the use of a seat belt plus air bag, and of air bags alone also increased during this period. However, the occurrence of severe spine fractures (Abbreviated Injury Scale Score ≥3) did not significantly increase over the study period. The use of both seat belt and air bag was associated with decreased odds of a spine fracture. Use of an air bag alone was associated with increased odds of a severe thoracic, but not cervical spine fracture.

Conclusions
Among drivers and front-seat passengers admitted to the hospital after MVCs, the occurrence of spine fractures increased from 1994 to 2002 despite concomitant increases in seat belt and air bag use. However, the occurrence of severe spine fractures did not increase over the study period. The use of both seat belt and air bag is protective against spine fractures. Although the overall increased occurrence of spine fractures may appear contrary to the increased use of seat belts and air bags in general, it is possible that improved imaging technology may be associated with an increase in the diagnosis of relatively minor fractures. However, given the significant protective effects of both seat belt and air bag use against spine fractures, resources should continue to be dedicated toward increasing their use to mitigate the effects of MVCs.
Haemato-biochemical Changes and Antibiotic Sensitivity to <i>Eschericia coli</i> Associated with Concurrent Enteric and Septicaemic Infection in Calves
Authors: Samad MA , Islam MA , Hossain KA , Islam MT , Saha S 
Published: January 2009

Concurrent enteric and septicaemic Escherichia coli infection was recorded in six local calves aged between 8 to 12 months old for the first time in Bangladesh during the period from May to June 2002. Bacteriologic examination of both the faecal and blood samples of six febrile calves showed positive for E. coli of all the six faecal (100%) and only two blood (33.33%) samples. Clinical examination revealed significantly (p < 0.01) high rectal temperature at peak febrile stage which varied from 103.5 to 106Â°F with a mean of 104.7 Â± 0.85Â°F. The fever associated signs and clinical anaemia were recorded in all these calves. Haematological examination showed significantly (p < 0.01) decreased haemoglobin (5.58 Â± 0.45 g%), packed cell volume (19.83 Â± 1.95 %), total erythrocytic count (3.52 Â± 0.58Â 106/ mm3) and total leukocytic count (6.68 Â± 0.44Â 103 / mm3) which indicates anaemia and leukopenia at the peak febrile stage of the disease. Biochemical studies showed significantly (p < 0.05) increased that serum magnesium and iron values were at fever stage, whereas serum phosphorus significantly (p < 0.01) decreased at the 4th day (convalescent stage) but no significant (p > 0.05) change was observed with the serum calcium, sodium, potassium and chloride values between prefever and fever stage. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of E. coli isolated from faecal and blood samples revealed that these isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin, ampicillin and amoxycillin, moderately sensitive to gentamicin and streptomycin but highly sensitive to tetracycline. This indicates that tetracycline could be the drug of choice for both the septicaemic and enteric E. coli infection in calves. Key words: Haematobiochemical; Escherichia coli; enteric; septicemic; infection; calves DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v1i1.1916 Bangl. J. Vet. Med.Â (2003). 1(1) : 39 - 43
Nanoindentation Studies Reveal Material Properties of Viruses
Authors: Roos Wouter H. , Wuite Gijs J. L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOver the last years, a paradigm shift has occurred from approaching viruses solely as disease‐bringing agents toward regarding them as functional nanoparticles, and a perfect example of Nature's capability to self‐assemble complex, multicomponent materials at the nanoscale. Viruses are now used as templates for constructing specific nanocontainers, either by changing the properties of the viruses themselves or by copying their compact, shelled structure into engineered materials, which are able to encapsulate various agents. To exploit the mechanisms used by nature to create functional nanocontainers, we need to understand what their material and biomechanical properties are. Nanoindentation, a technique based on atomic force microscopy, is perfectly suited to determine these characteristics. Here, we discuss the advances this research field has achieved, exploring prokaryotic (bacteriophages) as well as eukaryotic viruses. The material properties of viral shells (capsids) and of more complex viral assemblies are analyzed and compared. We discuss the Young's modulus of capsids, the maximal forces viruses can withstand, and explore the occurrence of material fatigue in nanosize objects. Finally, the impact of internalized materials and of specific alterations to the capsid proteins on the particle's mechanical strength is analyzed.
Are enhancement technologies “unnatural”? Musings on recent Christian conversations
Authors: Lustig Andrew 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAlthough distinctions between therapy and enhancement are difficult to draw with precision, especially in marginal cases, recent Christian discussions of enhancement technologies accept the general plausibility of distinctions drawn between therapeutic interventions and enhancement technologies by appealing to general understandings of nature and human nature. However, such appeals continue to be plagued by conceptual imprecision on several matters, including the status of nature as a source of moral insight, the scope of human responsibility in light of God's purposes, and the effects of sin and finitude on human freedom. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The patient as person in an increasingly gene‐centric universe: How healthcare professionals should think about genomics and evolution
Authors: Jackson Timothy P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn the past, the primary threat to the patient as person was a medical utilitarianism that would sacrifice the individual for the collective, that would coercively (ab)use a person for the sake of an in‐group's health or happiness. Today, the threat is not only from vainglorious social groups but also from valorized genes and genomes. An over‐valuation of genes risks making persons seem epiphenomenal. A central thesis of this article is that religious healthcare professionals have unique resources to combat this. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymmetry of the os pubis: Implications for the Suchey‐Brooks method
Authors: Overbury Rebecca S. , Cabo Luis L. , Dirkmaat Dennis C. , Symes Steven A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractStudies of skeletal development frequently document populational incidences of bilateral asymmetry. Degenerative morphological skeletal changes, attributed to age related and irregular ossification, may also progress asymmetrically, either as the result of asymmetric biomechanical factors expressed over the lifespan, asymmetric expression of physiological processes, or progressive magnification of asymmetry acquired previously during development. This study illustrates the effects of bilateral asymmetry on age at death estimates obtained from human skeletal remains. The Suchey‐Brooks method, which uses the pubic symphyseal face for age estimation (Katz and Suchey, Am J Phys Anthropol 69 1986 427–435), was selected for the study based on its widespread use. Asymmetry in the Suchey‐Brooks symphyseal age phases was found in over 60% of a sample composed of 20th century White male individuals from 18 to 86 years of age (N = 130). However, results suggest that the presence of asymmetry does not compromise the accuracy of the Suchey‐Brooks method if the morphologically older symphyseal face of an asymmetric individual is used to estimate age at death. In addition, weak directional asymmetry and a correlation between age and asymmetry were found. This suggests that a comparison of asymmetry in this area with that in other skeletal areas, where the factors originating and influencing asymmetry are better understood, may be useful in better understanding the biological processes which underlie the age markers used in the Suchey‐Brooks method. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paleoepidemiological patterns of interpersonal aggression in a prehistoric central California population from CA‐ALA‐329
Authors: Jurmain Robert , Bartelink Eric J. , Leventhal Alan , Bellifemine Viviana , Nechayev Irina , Atwood Melynda , DiGiuseppe Diane 
Published: January 2009

AbstractInterpersonal aggression is assessed paleoepidemiologically in a large skeletal population from the CA‐ALA‐329 site located on the southeastern side of San Francisco Bay, California. This comprehensive analysis included all currently recognized skeletal criteria, including craniofacial fracture, projectile injury, forearm fracture, and perimortem bone modification. Craniofacial injury is moderately common, showing an adult prevalence of 9.0% with facial lesions accounting for >50% of involvement. Clinical studies suggest that such separate evaluation of facial involvement provides a useful perspective for understanding patterns of interpersonal aggression. In this group male facial involvement is significantly greater than in females, paralleling the pattern found widely in contemporary populations as well as in African apes. When compared to other North American skeletal samples the prevalence of adult cranial vault injury (3.3%) and especially projectile injury (4.4%) are quite high. However, well documented populations from southern California show markedly higher prevalence for both types of skeletal markers of aggression. Forearm fracture is also assessed using a rigorous radiographic methodology and results suggest that these injuries are not reliable indicators of interpersonal aggression. Lastly, perimortem bone modification was not observed in this population, although it has been recorded from other (older) sites nearby. This study provides an evaluation of multiple skeletal markers of interpersonal aggression in the largest sample from a single site yet reported in North America and, joined with consideration of cultural context, helps further illuminate both geographic and temporal patterns of interpersonal aggression in California. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kohlenhydrat‐2‐desoxy‐2‐phosphonate: einfache Synthese und Horner‐Emmons‐Reaktion
Authors: Elamparuthi Elangovan , Linker Torsten 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPhosphor trifft Kohlenhydrate: Aus Dimethylphosphit und Cer(IV)‐ammoniumnitrat (CAN) gebildete Phosphonylradikale wurden an Glycale 1 addiert. Die Produkte 2 entstehen in guten Ausbeuten; durch eine Horner‐Emmons‐Reaktion werden sie in 3,6‐Dihydro‐2H‐pyrane 3 überführt. Die Sequenz zeichnet sich durch einfache Vorstufen und die geringe Stufenzahl aus, wobei der Austausch von Sauerstoff durch Phosphor in der 2‐Position mit Hexosen, Pentosen und Disacchariden gelingt.magnified image
Revisiting Prussian Blue Analogues with Solid‐State MAS NMR Spectroscopy: Spin Density and Local Structure in [Cd3{Fe(CN)6}2]⋅15 H2O
Authors: Flambard Alexandrine , Köhler Frank H. , Lescouëzec Rodrigue 
Published: January 2009

AbstractKeine legendäre preußische Ordnung! Leerstellen sind in Preußischblau‐Analoga nicht zufällig verteilt, und die Spindichte am Cd2+ variiert mit der Zahl an umgebenden paramagnetischen Ionen. Dies ergaben Festkörper‐113Cd‐NMR‐Studien an [Cd3{Fe/Co(CN)6}2]⋅15 H2O, in denen das Vorliegen einer geringen, aber signifikanten Spindichte an den beobachteten 113Cd‐Kernen die spektrale Auflösung verbessert.magnified image
Carbohydrate‐2‐deoxy‐2‐phosphonates: Simple Synthesis and Horner–Emmons Reaction
Authors: Elamparuthi Elangovan , Linker Torsten 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPhosphorus meets carbohydrates: Dimethyl phosphite reacts with ceric(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) to give phosphonyl radicals that add to glycals 1. The derivatives 2 were isolated in high yields and during a subsequent Horner–Emmons reaction underwent an interesting elimination to give 3,6‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrans 3. The short sequence with simple precursors is applicable to the transformation of hexoses, pentoses, and disaccharides. Bn=benzyl.magnified image
Nanophotonic Ion Production from Silicon Microcolumn Arrays
Authors: Walker Bennett N. , Razunguzwa Trust , Powell Matthew , Knochenmuss Richard , Vertes Akos 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNanoantennas for ions: Silicon microcolumn arrays harvest light from a laser pulse to produce ions. The system behaves like a quasi‐periodic antenna array with ion yields that show profound dependence on the plane of polarization and the angle of incidence of the laser beam. Photonic ion sources promise to enable enhanced control of ion production on a micro‐ and nanometer scale and direct integration with miniaturized analytical devices.magnified image
Palladium‐catalyzed electroless plating of gold on latex particle surfaces
Authors: Kim Hyungsoo , Daniels Eric S. , Dimonie Victoria L. , Klein Andrew 
Published: January 2009

AbstractGold can be deposited onto a latex particle surface via the growth of metal islands with the electroless plating method. A new method is proposed for the electroless plating of gold on the surface of poly(styrene‐co‐vinylimidazole) latex particles, which is catalyzed by palladium present on the latex particle surfaces. The palladium ions are anchored to the latex particle surfaces by the formation of a palladium–imidazole complex, and palladium nanoparticles are nucleated by a reductant. These palladium islands act as catalytic sites, so gold is preferentially deposited onto the latex particle surfaces. Transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and sucrose density gradient column results indicate that the palladium is associated with the imidazole‐functionalized latex particles. Different gold loading levels and reductant types were explored. Latex particles were partially encapsulated by finely dispersed gold nanoparticles less than 2 nm in diameter or by gold islands with sizes ranging from 10 to 100 nm up to a gold loading level of 3.1 mg of Au/m2 of latex. However, using higher gold loading levels led to uncontrollable electroless plating of gold because gold reduction in the water phase became very dominant even in the presence of catalytic palladium on the latex particle surface. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Dynamic mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties of intercalated polystyrene/organomontmorillonite nanocomposites: Effect of clay modification on the mechanical and morphological behaviors
Authors: Nayak Sanjay K. , Mohanty Smita 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPolystyrene (PS)/organomontmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared by melt processing with a twin‐screw extruder. Sodium montmorillonite was organically modified with stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride to evaluate the effect of clay modification on the performance of the nanocomposites. A comparative account of nanocomposites prepared with the commercial clay Cloisite 20A (C20A) is presented. X‐ray diffraction studies indicated that the clay layers were completely dispersed, and a delaminated structure was formed in the case of C20A/PS and organomontmorillonite/PS nanocomposites. The dispersion characteristics of the clays within the matrix polymer were further investigated through transmission electron microscopy analysis. Mechanical tests revealed increases in the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of 83, 55, and 74%, respectively, for C20A/PS nanocomposites at a 5% clay loading. The viscoelastic response of the nanocomposites, studied with dynamic mechanical analysis, also showed a substantial increase in the storage modulus of the nanocomposites with the incorporation of organically modified nanoclays. Furthermore, the melt‐state rheology of the organically modified nanocomposites displayed three distinct regions—glassy, plateau, and terminal—from the high‐frequency region to the low‐frequency region, with a considerable increase in the storage modulus in the glassy and terminal regions. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were also used to evaluate the effect of the addition of nanoclays on the glass‐transition temperature and thermal stability of the PS matrix. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Physical and mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)‐grafted natural rubber synthesized by methyl methacrylate photopolymerization initiated by N,N‐diethyldithiocarbamate functions previously created on natural rubber chains
Authors: Derouet D. , Tran Q. N. , Leblanc J. L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWell‐defined poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐grafted natural rubbers (NRs) were prepared to study the structure–property relationships. Syntheses were achieved by the photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by N,N‐diethyldithiocarbamate groups created beforehand in side positions on the NR chains. With this procedure, good control of the graft density and PMMA content could be obtained. Thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of NR‐g‐PMMA copolymers were studied as a function of the NR/PMMA composition and graft density. NR‐g‐PMMAs containing 15–80% grafted PMMA showed characteristics of heterogeneous materials (characterized by two glass‐transition temperatures, those of PMMA and NR, in differential scanning calorimetry). Under these conditions, they developed the morphology of thermoplastic elastomers with PMMA nodules dispersed in the rubber matrix when the PMMA content was near 20%; conversely, they developed the morphology of softened thermoplastics with rubber nodules dispersed in PMMA when the PMMA content was near 80%. Graft copolymers containing about 20% PMMA remained essentially rubbery, but they were already different from pure NR. On the other hand, the thermal stability of NR wash improved after the introduction of PMMA grafts onto NR chains. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Preparation and drug‐release behavior of minocycline‐loaded poly[hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol)–methacrylate] films
Authors: Bayramoğlu Gülay , Batislam Ertan , Arica M. Yakup 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this work, biocompatible hydrogel matrices for wound‐dressing materials and controlled drug‐release systems were prepared from poly[hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol)–methacrylate] [p(HEMA‐co‐PEG–MA] films via UV‐initiated photopolymerization. The characterization of the hydrogels was conducted with swelling experiments, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (differential scanning calorimetry), and contact‐angle studies. The water absorbency of the hydrogel films significantly changed with the change of the medium pH from 4.0 to 7.4. The thermal stability of the copolymer was lowered by an increase in the ratio of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to methacrylate (MA) in the film structure. Contact‐angle measurements on the surface of the p(HEMA‐co‐PEG–MA) films demonstrated that the copolymer gave rise to a significant hydrophilic surface in comparison with the homopolymer of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The blood protein adsorption was significantly reduced on the surface of the copolymer hydrogels in comparison with the control homopolymer of HEMA. Model antibiotic (i.e., minocycline) release experiments were performed in physiological buffer saline solutions with a continuous flow release system. The amount of minocycline release was shown to be dependent on the HEMA/PEG–MA ratio. The hydrogels have good antifouling properties and therefore are suitable candidates for wound dressing and other tissue engineering applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009