bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Direct Free Thyroxine (T4) Immunoassay with the Characteristics of a Total T4 Immunoassay
Authors: Fritz Kristofer S , Wilcox R Bruce , Nelson Jerald C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Background: Direct free thyroxine (T4) measurements have been linked to both T4-binding serum protein concentrations and protein-bound T4 concentrations. Whether this is evidence of a relationship to total T4 concentrations has not been reported.
Methods: We compared an analog-based direct free T4 immunoassay and a total T4 immunoassay. Each assay was applied to the fractions of serum T4 obtained by ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis. Both were applied to serum-based solutions in which free T4, T4-binding proteins, protein-bound T4, and total T4 were systematically varied, held constant, or excluded.
Results: Neither the free T4 assay nor the total T4 assay detected dialyzable or ultrafilterable serum T4. Both assays detected and reported the T4 retained with serum proteins. Both free and total T4 results were related to the same total T4 concentrations in the presence and absence of T4-binding proteins. Both results were similarly related to total T4 concentrations when free T4 was held constant while total T4 was varied. Both were similarly related to a total T4 concentration that was held constant while free T4 progressively replaced protein-bound T4. These free T4 results, like total T4 results, were unresponsive to a 500-fold variation in dialyzable T4 concentrations.
Conclusion: New experiments extend the characterization of a longstanding and incompletely characterized analog-based free T4 immunoassay. These free T4 measurements relate to total T4 concentrations in the same way that total T4 measurements do.
Engendering or Endangering Politics in Algeria? Salima Ghezali, Louisa Hanoune and Khalida Messaoudi
Authors: Cheref Abdelkader 
Published: March 2007

When, in the early 1990s, Ali Benhadj, the most media-exposed Algerian opponent and the second-in-command in the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), declared that “Louisa Hanoune is the only man in the Algerian opposition,” he meant to deride the rest of the opposition to the regime in Algeria. Equally, he acknowledged the rise of active women who have been fighting to make their voices heard and to break into the public sphere, which has so often been judged as men’s sphere.Armed with professional expertise, social science data, and political commitment, these women campaigned for sociopolitical change and denounced injustices, abuses of power, and political violence. Yet, women like Salima Ghezali, Louisa Hanoune and Messaoudi Khalida developed different definitions and visions of sociopolitical progress, and those differences led to conflict. Paradoxically, these divisions multiplied the forms of their activism and thereby expanded their influence in the public sphere.Of course, not all these women activists were critical; fundamental tendencies in a postcolonial context, I want to make a clear-cut distinction between “functional women activists,” who serve to reproduce and legitimate the values of the regime, and “criticaloppositional women,” who oppose and combat the existing order. This paper also explores the ways the Algerian regime has tried to maneuver women’s organizations, such as the main state association, whose raison d’être supposedly represents women’s needs within a gendered civil society, and how many women leaders have been instrumental in keeping a modern façade.
Feeds and Feed Additives, Pet Foods
Authors: Corbin James ,   Updated by Staff
Published: March 2007

AbstractStudies have provided extensive information about the nutritional requirements of dogs and cats. Commercial pet food is available in canned, semimoist, and dry forms; dry food may be either pelleted or extruded. Pet food formulations contain as many as 50 nutrient (amino acids, fats, fibers, etc) and nonnutrient (antioxidants, flavor enhancers, etc) additives. The Association of American Feed Control Officials has developed nutrient profiles for dog and cat foods. Labeling regulations as well as the safety of pet food is included.
Thermal Pollution
Authors: Coutant Charles C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThermal pollution is the addition of heat to water bodies by human activities, particularly by thermal electricity generating stations. This heat raises water temperatures, which can affect aquatic life in many ways, including survival, growth, activity, reproduction, and community composition. Many of these effects are sufficiently understood to indicate thermal limits for aquatic‐life protection. Efforts to control high temperatures can lead to other risks related to water use (eg, physical effects of entrainment and impingement or several effects of closed‐cycle cooling), resulting in a need to balance risks. There are potential beneficial uses of waste heat, ranging from heating buildings to warm‐water agriculture and aquaculture. With adequate planning, the location and design of power stations can maximize benefits and minimize ecological risks.
Systematic changes in the rate of instruction during driver training
Authors: Groeger John A. , Clegg Benjamin A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRelatively little empirical evidence exists concerning variations in the quantity of instruction across learning in complex, real‐world tasks. Examination of driving instructors' remarks to pupils during actual lessons indicated the rate of comment declined in a coherent fashion across training, most consistent with a power function. The presence of a power law is reminiscent of learning functions found from studies in other skill domains when using indexes of performance, and suggests that quantity of instruction therefore might be used to assay the performance in complex tasks. The implications of these findings, for both basic and applied research, are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From Mound to Sponge: How Peter Cook Explores Landscape Buildings
Authors: Spens Michael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWhile his fellow Archigram designers were hooked into new technologies, Peter Cook was heading his own private investigation into landscape. Michael Spens traces Cook's preoccupation with site from the aptly named Mound of 1964 through to his Sponge City earthscape of 1974. The project continues with Cook's recent Oslo Patch. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Architectural Horizons
Authors: Pallasmaa Juhani 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn recent years, the over‐intellectualisation of architecture has detached it ‘from its experiential, embodied and emotive ground’. Juhani Pallasmaa provides a template for architecture and landscape design that enables a stronger continuum between our outer and inner landscapes, drawing on historic and modern artistic inspirations alike. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urban American Landscape
Authors: Merkel Jayne 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLandscape architecture has emerged from the deep sleep it entered during the Modernist period and remained in for most of the 20th century. Now, valued because of the environmental movement, stimulated by collaborations with architects and artists, and presented with opportunities to transform abandoned industrial sites, landscape architects are enthusiastically producing new kinds of parks on brownfields, along waterfronts, even on rooftops and in garbage dumps. Jayne Merkel here looks at ways the designed landscape is creating outdoor public space in a country where it has not always been valued. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toronto Waterfront Revitalisation
Authors: Stanwick Sean 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSean Stanwick, the co‐author with Jennifer Flores of a new defining book on Toronto – Design City Toronto, published by John Wiley & Sons – describes how West 8 and Canadian practice du Toit Allsopp Hillier (DTAH) are reviving the city's engagement with its waterfront. Could the lakeshore scheme be aspiring to a new waterside on a par with those of its North American neighbours such as New York and Chicago? Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Operationalising Patch Dynamics
Authors: Marshall Victoria , McGrath Brian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVictoria Marshall and Brian McGrath have developed and transferred the ecological model of ‘patch dynamics’ to urban landscape design. It is an approach that stresses the resilient, flexible and adaptable nature of cities, interacting with a ‘notion of disturbance ecology rather than a benign nature’. Here they apply their design approach to Hoboken, on the New Jersey Gold Coast, which, only a hop and a skip from Manhattan, directly across the Hudson from the Financial District, remains culturally and economically diverse. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent Works by Bernard Lassus
Authors: Conan Michel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAt the forefront of innovative French landscape design, Bernard Lassus has developed a uniquely modern ethos. Working in the context of a multicultural society, he sets out to create ‘rational approaches that anchor the lives of men and women in nature and history’. Michel Conan describes how this is played out in his projects for the new town area of Sarcelles, the landscaping of the French motorways and in the gardens of an international headquarters in Boulogne‐Billancourt, near Paris. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deep Explorations Into Site/Non‐Site: The Work of Gustafson Porter
Authors: Spens Michael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLight and water are generally regarded as the signature elements of Kathryn Gustafson's work. Michael Spens highlights here how in recent projects with London‐based partner Neil Porter, Gustafson has also developed a particular sensitivity to the specifics of site and context. This has led to strong narrative interpretations that are most apparent in the use of memory and history in their two projects for Beirut and their evocation of natural ecosystems in the Gardens by the Bay for Singapore. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Landscapes of the Second Nature: Emptiness as a Non‐Site Space
Authors: Spens Michael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFor Florian Beigel and Philip Christou of the Architecture Research Unit (ARU), based at London Metropolitan University, an experimental project in Leipzig proved formative in the gestation of ideas for a much larger‐scale project in South Korea. The Paju Book City near Seoul is nothing less than a city of publishers, encompassing production houses, printers, warehouses and editorial offices on a wetland site surrounded by mountains. Michael Spens describes this remarkable project here and finds its only conceivable precedent in the narrative‐based poetics of place evoked by Italo Calvino in the fable of Invisible Cities.1 Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impressions of New Orleans
Authors: Spens Christiana 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn August 2005, 80 per cent of New Orleans was devastated by flood damage precipitated by Hurricane Katrina. Christiana Spens was on a college exchange in Memphis when the hurricane hit. Here she gives her impressions of the city in the wake of the storm. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is There a Digital Future Landscape Terrain?
Authors: Holm Lorens , Guzzardo Paul 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLorens Holm and Paul Guzzardo speculate on a future landscape enriched by digital culture. Rather than provide sanctuary or comfort zones in the event of global environmental collapse, laser\net is a model for exploring landscape terrains that establish ‘agora’‐like meeting places as a basis for electronic exchange and progression. Re‐mix platforms thus become collaborative sites for all who seek to engage in this rurality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dosson in Casier, Italy
Authors: Croci Valentina 
Published: March 2007

AbstractValentina Croci describes a sensitive local housing scheme at Dosson in Casier, near Treviso in northeastern Italy, by Amaca Architetti Associati. Designed jointly with adjacent green spaces in a system integrating housing units and the countryside, it is a perceptive piece of urban planning that is as responsive to the natural landscape as the existing architecture. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rayon Flock: A New Cause of Respiratory Morbidity in a Card Processing Plant
Authors: Antao Vinicius C.S. , Piacitelli Chris A. , Miller William E. , Pinheiro Germania A. , Kreiss Kathleen 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundFollowing employee respiratory concerns, we investigated the health effects of rayon flock exposure at a card manufacturing plant.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey including environmental evaluation, standardized questionnaires, spirometry, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity testing, and methacholine challenge testing.ResultsFrom a total of 239 participants, 146 (61%) reported working at least 1 hr per week in areas where flock‐coated cards are processed (“flock workers”) and 47 (20%) reported cleaning equipment with compressed air. These workers had generally higher prevalences of respiratory symptoms. Flock workers and employees with longer tenure at areas where flock‐coated cards are processed were more likely to have restrictive impairment of lung function. Although dust and fiber samples were largely below the detection limits, peak exposures to airborne particulate occurred during cleaning with compressed air.ConclusionsWorking with rayon flock and cleaning with compressed air were associated with health effects in workers at this plant. Am. J. Ind. Med. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
Repackaged pharmaceuticals in the California workers' compensation system: From distribution and pricing options to physician and retail dispensing
Authors: Gitlin Matthew , Wilson Leslie 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective:The California Workers' Compensation (WC) pharmaceutical pricing system cannot price 60% of National Drug Codes (NDCs) (mostly repackaged pharmaceuticals). This study will estimate the lost savings due to repackaged pharmaceuticals and potential cost savings associated with alternative pharmacy fee schedules for repackaged pharmaceuticals. In addition, we will determine what characteristics explain repackaged costs to identify reasons for repackaged pharmaceutical use.Methods:All pain‐related repackaged pharmaceuticals were identified by NDC using claims data from the California Workers' Compensation Institute (CWCI) database during 2002.Results:Repackaged pharmaceuticals represented 55% of all NDCs and 92% of all Medi‐Cal non‐equivalent NDCs, but only 22% ($8,494,297/$38,968,233) of total pharmacy costs. Total repackaged pharmaceutical costs could be reduced by 36% ($3,059,177) using an alternative formula based on Medi‐Cal. Compared with Medi‐Cal priced manufacturer‐packaged pharmaceuticals, repackaged pharmaceuticals are approximately 85% more expensive on a cost‐per‐pill basis.Conclusion:We propose limiting the generous pricing of repackaged pharmaceuticals. However, Medi‐Cal payment rates may be extreme, and more moderate repricing might compensate physician‐dispensing time more fairly and preserve patient access. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards memory supporting personal information management tools
Authors: Elsweiler David , Ruthven Ian , Jones Christopher 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this article, the authors discuss reretrieving personal information objects and relate the task to recovering from lapse(s) in memory. They propose that memory lapses impede users from successfully refinding the information they need. Their hypothesis is that by learning more about memory lapses in noncomputing contexts and about how people cope and recover from these lapses, we can better inform the design of personal information management (PIM) tools and improve the user's ability to reaccess and reuse objects. They describe a diary study that investigates the everyday memory problems of 25 people from a wide range of backgrounds. Based on the findings, they present a series of principles that they hypothesize will improve the design of PIM tools. This hypothesis is validated by an evaluation of a tool for managing personal photographs, which was designed with respect to the authors' findings. The evaluation suggests that users' performance when refinding objects can be improved by building personal information management tools to support characteristics of human memory.
Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans in the vitreous gel of sheep and goat
Authors: Skandalis Spyros S. , Theocharis Dimitrios A. , Noulas Argiris V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn the present study, the amounts and the fine structural characteristics of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) present in sheep and goat vitreous gels were determined. The results showed that in both examined species hyaluronan was the predominant glycosaminoglycan (GAG), whereas CSPGs were present in minor amounts. CSPGs were identified as versican and collagen IX with versican being the predominant PG type. Fine structural characterization indicated that the CS chains of versican in both mammalian species were of smaller size than those found in collagen IX. The difference in the sulphation pattern of CS chains between versican and collagen IX was also of particular interest. The results indicated that the predominant disaccharide type in CS side chains of versican and collagen IX from both sheep and goat vitreous gels was the 4‐sulphated disaccharide. CS chains of versican were found to be richer in 4‐sulphated disaccharide units than those in collagen IX, which also contained a significant proportion of non‐sulphated disaccharides. These findings showed that, firstly, the CS content and the hydrodynamic size of the CS chain and, secondly, the sulphation pattern of CS chains from versican and collagen IX in both sheep and goat vitreous gels are PG type‐dependent. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous quantification of seven bioactive components in Caulis Lonicerae Japonicae by high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Qian Zheng‐Ming , Li Hui‐Jun , Li Ping , Chen Jun , Tang Dan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study presents a new HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of seven major components, namely chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, loganin, sweroside, secoxyloganin, rutin and luteolin 7‐O‐glucoside in Caulis Lonicerae Japonicae, a commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal herb derived from the caulis of Lonicera japonica Thunb. These seven compounds, belonging to the chemical types of phenolic acids, iridoids and flavonoids, were separated on a C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5.0 µm) with the column temperature at 30°C. The mobile phase was composed of (A) aqueous acetic acid (0.4%, v/v) and (B) acetonitrile using a gradient elution of 10% B at 0–12 min, 10–17% B at 12–25 min and 17% B at 25–35 min. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and detection wavelength was set at 245 nm. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) ranged from 0.10 to 0.23 µg/mL and the limit of quantification (S/N = 10) ranged from 0.69 to 3.56 µg/mL. All calibration curves showed good linear regression (r2 > 0.9990) within the test ranges. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions as determined from sample solutions were below 1.24 and 2.28%, respectively. The recoveries for seven compounds were found to range from 94.2 to 103.6%. This verified method has been successfully applied to evaluation of commercial samples of Caulis Lonicerae Japonicae from different markets in China. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of a Novel Ceramide Analogue and its Use in a High‐Throughput Fluorogenic Assay for Ceramidases
Authors: Bedia Carmen , Casas Josefina , Garcia Virginie , Levade Thierry , Fabriàs Gemma 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeveral investigations have shown that acid ceramidase inhibitors are potential antiproliferative and cytostatic drugs for cancer chemotherapy. The combinatorial chemistry approach for the discovery of acid ceramidase inhibitors requires the availability of a high‐throughput enzyme assay. The synthesis of a novel fluorogenic ceramidase substrate, and its processing both in vitro and in cultured cells in a microtiter plate layout, are reported in this article. This coumarinic substrate was hydrolyzed in vitro (rat liver lysosomes) with Km and Vmax values of 113 μM and 3.6 pmol min−1 mg−1, respectively. Similarly, hydrolysis occurred in intact cultured cells that overexpressed acidic ceramidase. The assay was validated for the identification and characterization of acidic ceramidase inhibitors by using several α‐ketoamide ceramide analogues, whose inhibitory activity had been previously described.
Protonation Patterns in Tetracycline:Tet Repressor Recognition: Simulations and Experiments
Authors: Aleksandrov Alexey , Proft Juliane , Hinrichs Winfried , Simonson Thomas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractResistance to the antibiotic tetracycline (Tc) is regulated by its binding as a Tc:Mg2+ complex to the Tet Repressor protein (TetR). Tc:TetR recognition is a complex problem, with the protein and ligand each having several possible conformations and protonation states, which are difficult to elucidate by experiment alone. We used a combination of free‐energy simulations and crystallographic analysis to investigate the electrostatic interactions between protein and ligand and the possible role of induced fit in Tc binding. Tc in solution was described quantum mechanically, while Tc:TetR interactions were described by a recent, high‐quality molecular‐mechanics model. The orientations of the amide and imidazole groups were determined experimentally by a careful analysis of Debye–Waller factors in alternate crystallographic models. The agreement with experiment for these orientations suggested that the simulations and their more detailed, thermodynamic predictions were reliable. We found that the ligand prefers an extended, zwitterionic state both in solution and in complexation with the protein. Tc is thus preorganized for binding, while the protein combines lock‐and‐key behavior for regions close to the ligand's amide, enolate, and ammonium groups, with an induced fit for regions close to the Mg2+ ion. These insights and the modeling techniques employed should be of interest for engineering improved TetR ligands and improved TetR proteins for gene regulation, as well as for drug design.
Mechanistic Studies on Peroxide Activation by a Water‐Soluble Iron(III)–Porphyrin: Implications for OO Bond Activation in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Solvents
Authors: Wolak Maria , van Eldik Rudi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe reactions of a water‐soluble iron(III)–porphyrin, [meso‐tetrakis(sulfonatomesityl)porphyrinato]iron(III), [FeIII(tmps)] (1), with m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA), iodosylbenzene (PhIO), and H2O2 at different pH values in aqueous methanol solutions at −35 °C have been studied by using stopped‐flow UV/Vis spectroscopy. The nature of the porphyrin product resulting from the reactions with all three oxidants changed from the oxo–iron(IV)–porphyrin π‐cation radical [FeIV(tmps.+)(O)] (1++) at pH<5.5 to the oxo–iron(IV)–porphyrin [FeIV(tmps)(O)] (1+) at pH>7.5, whereas a mixture of both species was formed in the intermediate pH range of 5.5–7.5. The observed reactivity pattern correlates with the E°′ versus pH profile reported for 1, which reflects pH‐dependent changes in the relative positions of E°′ and E°′ for metal‐ and porphyrin‐centered oxidation, respectively. On this basis, the pH‐dependent redox equilibria involving 1++ and 1+ are suggested to determine the nature of the final products that result from the oxidation of 1 at a given pH. The conclusions reached are extended to water‐insoluble iron(III)–porphyrins on the basis of literature data concerning the electrochemical and catalytic properties of [FeIII(P)(X)] species in nonaqueous solvents. Implications for mechanistic studies on [Fe(P)]‐catalyzed oxidation reactions are briefly addressed.