bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic marker in the variable region of kappa chains of mouse anti‐phosphorylcholine antibodies
Authors: Claflin J. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA newly discovered genetic marker in the kappa light chains of mouse immunoglobulins is described. This marker, designated K‐PC8, is located in the L chains of those anti‐phosphorylcholine (PC) antibodies which show the same functional and idiotypic characteristics as a PC‐binding myeloma protein, HOPC 8 (H8). Analytical isoelectric focusing of these L chains revealed two phenotypes whose strain distribution pattern suggested a genetic association with genes that determine the T lymphocyte surface antigen(s) Ly‐2/Ly‐3. In four strains, AKR/J, C58/J, RF/J and PL/J (AKR‐type, A) the H8‐like L chains have a slightly lower isoelectric point than those of C57L/J and 12 other strains (C57L‐type, B). Breeding experiments showed that the K‐PC8‐A phenotype is preferentially expressed. The most probable location of the marker is the variable region since other idiotypically related K‐chains in CS7L/J and AKR/J do not show differences in their electrophoretic mobility.
Regulation of the immune response. I. Suppression of delayed‐type hypersensitivity by T cells from mice expressing humoral immunity
Authors: Ramshaw I. A. , Bretscher P. A. , Parish C. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ability of horse red blood cell (HRBC)‐specific T cells from mice expressing humoral immunity to suppress the induction of HRBC‐specific delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) was investigated. The transfer of Ig‐negative spleen cells, from mice injected 4 days previously with HRBC, completely suppressed the development of DTH in mice treated with cyclo‐phosphamide and sensitized with HRBC. The suppressor cell was found to be lysed by treatment with anti‐theta serum and complement. Furthermore, hemocyanin‐specific immune T cells were able to suppress the DTH induced to HRBC, provided these two antigens were coupled together.These studies suggest that T cells present under conditions where humoral immunity is induced can suppress DTH and that such cells play an important role in the regulation of the immune response.
Development of sheep thymus in relation to in utero thymectomy experiments
Authors: Jordan R. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe developing thymus of sheep embryos has been examined from 20 days of gestation onwards. The initial relationships of the thymus to the parathyroid III and the pericardium are maintained so that the thymus develops as an extensive and complex structure consisting of paired cords of tissues on either side of the neck continuous with a single, fused structure in the anterior mediastinum. Histological examination of the developing thymus revealed that thymic lymphopoiesis commences at 36 days of gestation (term = 150 days).The results indicate that conclusions drawn from sheep thymectomy, usually performed after 60 days of gestation, must be interpreted with caution.
Production of osteoclast‐activating factor by normal human peripheral blood rosetting and nonrosetting lymphocytes
Authors: Chen Priscilla , Trummel C. , Horton J. , Baker J. J. , Oppenheim J. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study has tested the ability of human mononuclear cells and the subpopulations of lymphocytes that rosette (E‐RFC) or do not rosette (non‐E‐RFC) with sheep red blood cells to synthesize DNA and to produce a mediator with bone resorbing activity (osteoclast‐activating factor, OAF) in response to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Mononuclear cells were stimulated by PHA both to synthesize DNA and to produce a factor that caused bone resorption. E‐RFC enriched for T lymphocytes and depleted of macrophages synthesized considerable DNA in response to stimulation with PHA, but were unable to produce significant bone resorbing activity in tissue culture unless macrophages were re‐added to the E‐RFC. In contrast, mononuclear cells depleted of E‐RFC (non‐E‐RFC enriched for B cells) did not synthesize DNA in response to stimulation with PHA, but did produce a mediator that caused significant bone resorption in tissue culture. In most of the experiments, unstimulated non‐E‐RFC produced as much OAF as the PHA‐stimulated non‐E‐RFC. These results suggest that both activated T lymphocytes (E‐RFC) and B lymphocytes (non‐E‐ RFC) can produce OAF.
Investigations of red cell glyoxalase in recombinant families
Authors: Pretorius Aletta M. G. , Scholz S. , Kuntz Barbara , Albert E. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe polymorphism of the red cell glyoxalase (GLO), which has recently been found to be linked with the major histocompatibility complex (HLA) in man, was investigated in a number of selected families showing various recombinations between HLA‐A, HLA‐B and the third locus of the phosphoglucomutase (PGM3). In two families with a recombination between HLA‐A and HLA‐B, the GLO allele travels with the HLA‐B locus fragment of the chromosome, indicating that GLO is located on the side of the HLA‐B locus. In other families, recombinations occurred between HLA‐A and B on one side and GLO and PGM3 on the other side, demonstrating that GLO and PGM3 are located on the same side of HLA. Other recombinations separated PGM3 from GLO so that it can be assumed that GLO is located between HLA‐B and PGM3. Thus the immunogenetic linkage group on human chromosome C6 has been increased by yet another outside marker gene to include now the following genes in this order: HLA‐A–HLAC–HLA‐B–Bf–HLA‐D‐CLO–PGM3.
“Early T cells” and “late T cells”; suggestive evidence for two T cell lineages with separate developmental pathways
Authors: Droege W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeripheral lymphocytes from mice have been analyzed by a combination of cell electrophoresis and size distribution analysis and the data have been processed with a computer into two‐dimensional distribution patterns (fingerprints). The fingerprints of lymph node cells revealed the existence of at least three major classes of small lymphocytes. Cells with similar physical properties were found in the spleen and thoracic duct lymph. The data also allowed calculation of the quantitative ratios of the three cell types. In the normal mouse, the two electrophoretically faster cell classes represent essentially two subclasses of T cells. The quantitative ratios are here always in agreement with the known percentages of B and T cells.Lethally irradiated mice that have been reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow or fetal liver cells often lack one of the T cell subclasses. This has two important implications. 1) It indicates that the widely used syngeneic or allogeneic bone marrow chimeras may be incomplete in respect to their T cell repertoire and that experiments with these models should be interpreted with caution. 2) The deficiency was found to correlate strictly with a deficiency in a physically defined subset of small cortical thymocytes that has been described previously. This correlation suggests strongly that the fast peripheral T cells and the “early small cortical thymocytes” represent two developmental stages of a distinct cell lineage (“early T cell lineage”), while the thymic pool of “late small cortical thymocytes” gives rise to electrophoretically slow peripheral T cells, which may be called “late T cells”. The possibility that both T cell lineages are derived from different classes of prethymic stem cells in the reconstituting stem cell preparation is discussed. The proportion of “early T cells” in the lymph nodes decreases with age. The ratio of “late” and “early T cells” is similar in the spleen and in the lymph nodes, and both cell classes contain a significant proportion of cells that are not affected by the early effects of adult thymectomy. Thus, they do not correspond to T1 and T2 cells.
Comparison of the cytophilic activities of guinea pig IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies
Authors: Leslie R. G. Q. , Cohen S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonomeric guinea pig IgG1 binds to homologous peritoneal macrophages, though less effectively than IgG2. It binds to the cells with a lower association constant (Ka = 0.61 ± 0.22 × 106 L/M at 20 °C) than IgG2 (Ka = 1.44 ± 0.16 × 106 L/M), and the number of IgG1 receptor sites per cell (1.3 ± 0.18 × 106) is about one‐half that for IgG2 (2.65 ± 0.45 × 106). Enhanced IgG1 binding is observed on immune complex formation, though the increase in avidity of the complexes is dependent on their size. Marked enhancement of avidity with increase in complex size occurs only with small complexes (containing less than seven antibody molecules): with larger complexes a plateau in avidity appears to be reached. Immune complex binding is inhibited by monomeric IgG1. Comparative studies with IgG1 and IgG2 demonstrate that IgG1 is bound to the same cell type as IgG2 (primarily, the macrophage) by a nonidentical, though related, receptor.
Regulation of T cell‐mediated cytotoxic allograft responses. I. Evidence for antigen‐specific suppressor T cells
Authors: Wagner H. , Starzinski‐Powitz A. , Pfizenmaier K. , Röllinghoff M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMurine lymph node cells draining a local lymphoid cell allograft (LNd) exhibited weak cytolytic activity when tested immediately after surgical removal, However, upon mere in vitro cultivation, high cytotoxic activity developed. The in vitro generation of cytotoxic activity could be inhibited by treatment of the cells with mitomycin C. Upon transfer into a primary mixed lymphocyte culture, mitomycin C‐treated LNd cells effectively suppressed the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Using the velocity sedimentation technique at 1 × g the suppressor cells could be confined to the blast cells within LNd cells, the sensitized prekiller T cells being nonsuppressive. Results derived from independent experimental approaches suggested that the in vivo sensitized blast suppressor cells exhibited an immunological specific suppression, i.e. they selectively suppressed the in vitro induction of CTL reactive towards those H‐2 transplantation antigens against which the suppressor cells had been immunized. Thus, antigen‐specific suppressor cells (which were Thy‐1.2 positive) appeared to be specifically activated during the in vivo sensitization procedure.
Expression on a human cell line (Daudi) lacking both HLA and β2 ‐microglobulin of HLA‐D products and cell‐mediated lympholysis targets
Authors: Charmot D. , Kamoun M. , Crosier P. , Sasportes M. , Fellous M. , Mawas C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Daudi cell line which originated from a Burkitt lymphoma has recently been found lacking in HLA and β2‐microglobulin (β2 m), but carrying surface antigens, coded for by the human major histocompatibility complex, which are expressed on B cell‐enriched normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes. This report demonstrates that the stimulating property of the Daudi cell line in a mixed lymphocyte culture is indeed related to the expression of HLA‐D for which this cell line has been typed by the primed lymphocyte test; furthermore, this cell line was found to be an excellent target in the cell‐mediated lympholysis (CML) test for cytotoxic effector cells generated either against Daudi cells or against normal lymphocytes. Preliminary serological data obtained with the Daudi cell line suggest a correlation with CML data. Therefore β2m is probably not necessary for the expression of HLA‐D products nor is HLA a prerequisite for CML recognition and lysis.
Suppression of generation of human cytotoxic effectors by lectins or lectin‐activated peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: Mawas C. , Charmot D. , Comoy A. , Sasportes M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe lectins phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen and concanavalin A used at their optimal mitogenic concentration, or human lymphocytes activated by the same mitogens, were found to suppress thein vitrogeneration of cytotoxic effectors when added to a cell‐mediated lympholysis (CML) mixture during the first 48 h of culture. The data suggest that the suppressive mechanism is mediated to a greater extent by an allogeneic interaction between lectin‐activated cells and the allogeneic cells present in the CML mixture than by suppressor cells induced by the lectin. Since partial suppression was observed with supernatants of activated lymphocytes cultured for 18 h with allogeneic stimulating cells (but not activated lymphocytes alone), a soluble mediator may be involved in the suppressive mechanism. The mechanism of suppression therefore may be identical to the preemption phenomenon recently described in primary and secondary CML.
Studies on the lymphocytes of sheep. Destination of lymph‐borne immunoblasts in relation to their tissue of origin
Authors: Hall J. G. , Hopkins J. , Orlans E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymph‐borne immunoblasts were labeled in vitro with 125I[ ] iodo‐deoxy‐uridine, washed and returned by intravenous injection to the sheep from which they had been collected. Twenty h later the sheep were killed and the distribution of the immunoblasts was determined by assaying the radioactivity in various organs.Immunoblasts from the efferent lymph of peripheral somatic lymph nodes (PSLN) went mainly t o the spleen, lungs and other PSLN, while immunoblasts from intestinal lymph went mainly to the small gut. This ability of intestinal immunoblasts t o home t o the gut was demonstrated also in the sterile environment of fetuses in utero; apparently the migratory behavior of immunoblasts, like that of small lymphocytes, is not primarily “antigen‐driven”.A technique was devised for the collection of peripheral (i.e. afferent to the mesenteric node) intestinal lymph which was found to contain 10–20 times the numbers of small lymphocytes that occur in the peripheral lymph from other tissues. Immunoblasts from peripheral intestinal lymph also homed to the gut.The immunoglobulin content of immunoblasts was studied by making detergent extracts of lymph cells, by applying immuno‐peroxidase techniques t o cell films and by investigating the incorporation of 14C‐labeled amino acids into immunoglobulins by immunoblasts in vitro. Immunoblasts from both somatic and intestinal lymph contained and made IgG and IgM, but many intestinal immunoblasts contained and made IgA. It is not known whether this immunoglobulin mediates the extravasation of immunoblasts into the gut. Nonetheless, there is compelling evidence that there are two major migratory pathways for lymphoid cells; one through the gut‐associated lymphoid tissue and the other through the somatic‐splenic lymphoid tissues.
Radioimmunoassay of the phagocytosis‐stimulating peptide tuftsin in normal and splenectomized subjects
Authors: Spirer Z. , Zakuth Vera , Bogair N. , Fridkin M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA radioimmunoassay was developed for the phagocytosis‐stimulating peptide tuftsin, H‐Thr‐Lys‐Pro‐Arg‐OH, and preliminary results of its use in evaluating tuftsin levels in human blood are presented.Synthetic tuftsin was rendered antigenic through coupling of p‐diazonium phenylacetyl‐tuftsin to bovine serum albumin (BSA). Using the BSA‐tuftsin conjugate to immunize rabbits, antisera were obtained that bound 125I‐labeled p‐aminophenylacetyl‐tuftsin at dilutions up to 1:1500 (maximal binding 25–3 0 %). Binding of the radiolabeled peptide was inhibited by tuftsin and some of its synthetic N‐terminal analogs but was not affected by various unrelated natural and synthetic peptides. The amino acid sequence Lys‐Pro‐Arg‐OH appears to be the antigenic determinant recognized by the rabbit antibodies.Using the radioimmunoassay, quantitative determination of material immuno‐chemically related to tuftsin was performed in the sera of intact and splenectomized subjects after treatment of the sera with trypsin. Sera from normal patients (21 cases) were found to contain an average ± standard error of 278.47 ± 13.49 ng/ml, whereas those of patients who underwent traumatic (5 cases) and elective (6 cases) splenectomy contained 239.0 ± 47.68 ng/ml and 94.71 ± 22.5 ng/ml, respectively. No correlation was found between levels of IgG in serum and that of tuftsin‐like material.Analysis of purified IgG fragments, Fab from man and from rabbit and Fc from rabbit, clearly demonstrated that tuftsin is located or bound to the latter polypeptide. It was, of course, also found to be present in the intact purified IgG from humans.
Interferon‐induced antibody suppression: a selective effect on high density, late responding precursor cells
Authors: Finlay G.J. , Marbrook J. , Booth R. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMouse spleen cells have been fractionated into three subpopulations by density gradient centrifugation and the effect of interferon on the ability of each fraction to generate an antibody response in vitro has been examined. The results show that only the antibody‐forming cell precursors (AFCP) of the high density, late responding fraction are suppressed by interferon. The presence of interferon had no effect on either the number or the mean size of clones of antibody‐forming cells in cultures of the low and medium density fractions. Interferon‐mediated suppression of the response of high density precursors was due to a decrease in the number but not the size of responding clones. These results suggest that interferon suppresses antibody responses by affecting the degree to which high density AFCP can becoming activated rather than the degree to which precursors proliferate.
Down regulation in B lymphocytes: low dose signals
Authors: Baltz Marilyn , Rittenberg M.B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPicogram quantities of dinitrophenylated (DNP) dextran, a thymus‐inde‐pendent antigen or lipopolysaccharide, a B cell mitogen, signal down B lymphocytes to unresponsiveness. Down signals were detected by a decision test in which signaled lymphocytes were allowed one hour to react to an immunogenic pulse of DNP‐dextran. Depletion of T cells or macrophages did not interfere with the generation of down signals. The signaling can proceed entirely at 4 °C and its negative effect is transitory. Down signals which could be detected after 15 min at 37°C were reversed by 60 min. It is suggested that down regulation by low dose antigenic signals provides a means of distinguishing background noise from true antigenic stimuli.
Antigen recognition by T cells activated in the mixed lymphocyte reaction: specific binding of allogeneic cell material after removal of surface‐bound antigen by trypsin
Authors: Elliott B. E. , Nagy Z. , Nabholz M. , Pernis B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractT cell blasts activated in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) carry on their surface stimulator alloantigens which can be removed by treatment of the blasts with trypsin. After overnight incubation in trypsin‐free medium, the treated cells exhibit specific alloantigen binding ability: they bind much more effectively cellular material, either obtained from the corresponding MLR supernatant or released by nitrogen cavitation from fresh cells from the stimulating strain, than that from an unrelated H‐2 different strain. Trypsin‐treated cells which have been incubated in the presence of low concentrations of puromycin are unable to bind stimulator cell fragments.
Induction of specific transplantation tolerance with blood serum in newborn and adult rats
Authors: Chutná Jitka , Hašek M. , Holáň V. , Sládeček M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHistocompatibility (H) antigens present in the serum of rats induce a relatively high degree of neonatal transplantation tolerance in the absence of cellular chimerism. With the non‐H‐1 difference, which is relatively strong in the rat strain combination used, skin grafts survive permanently in some animals. With the H‐l plus non‐H‐1 difference, only some animals show a slight prolongation of skin graft survival, but cytotoxic antibody production is inhibited for long periods of time. In adult animals, at least with the non‐H‐1 difference, allograft survival is very significantly prolonged after treatment with serum alone, or in combination with hydrocortisone. The nonspecific component(s) of the serum also contributes to a prolongation of graft survival. The data suggest that blood serum is a good source of H antigens which seem to be present in a tolerogenic active form.
Characterization of a carcinogen‐induced murine B lymphocyte cell line of C3H/eB origin
Authors: Bergman Yehudit , Haimovich J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA carcinogen‐induced lymphoid tumor, denoted 38C‐13, obtained in a T cell‐depleted mouse of C3H/eB strain, was adapted to continuous culture in vitro and characterized with respect to its cell surface components. The cells possess IgM class immunoglobulins on their surface but do not secrete it. This membrane IgM is composed of μ and L‐chains that are similar in apparent molecular weight to those of an IgM myeloma protein. It is also homogeneous as revealed by isoelectric focusing. The cells possess Fc receptors but lack complement receptors as well as Thy‐1 and Ia alloantigens. These characteristics indicate that 38C‐13 cells are transformed counterparts of small B lymphocytes at an early stage of differentiation.
Detection of bursa and thymus‐specific alloantigens in the chicken
Authors: Galton Jane , Ivanyi J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCH strain chickens selected from the F2 progeny of a cross between CH (B10/10) and B14B (B14/14) strains camed bursa (BA) and thymus (TA)‐specific alloantigens of B14B parental origin. The BA marker was present on 95 % of bursal cells but only on 10 % of splenic and blood B lymphocytes. The TA marker was expressed by 80 % of thymus cells and weakly by 45 % of splenic and 70 % of blood T lymphocytes. The adopted immunolo‐gical and genetic protocol offers a feasible approach towards detection of differentiation antigens in major histocompatibility complex‐homozygous but ‘minor’ alloantigen‐segregating populations.
B lymphocyte development in fetal liver
Authors: Melchers F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSingle cell cultures of fetal liver cells (FLC) from day 13 of gestation onwards until birth develop lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐reactive B cells which can be stimulated by LPS to IgM‐secreting plaque‐forming cells (PFC). When the cell concentration of FLC is lowered from 4 × 106 cells/ml to 4 × 10s cells/ml and below, the “in vitro” development to IgM‐secreting PFC is lost. Less and less FLC initiate growth to IgM‐secreting PFC as the cell concentration is lowered. Addition of 3 × 106 thymus cells/ml from either syngeneic mice or from xenogeneic Lewis rats dramatically increases the efficiency with which FLC develop into LPS‐reactive cells and initiate, after stimulation by LPS, clonal growth and maturation to IgM‐secreting PFC. Thus, day 13 FLC can be diluted to 1 × 106 cells/culture, day 16 FLC to 1 × 104 cells/culture and day 19 FLC to 3 × 101 cells/culture before the responding cells become limiting. The frequencies of precursor B cells developing to LPS reactivity and then to IgM‐secreting PFC in culture have been determined by limiting dilution analyses of FLC from day 13 to 19 (birth) of gestation and of liver cells at days 2, 4 and 7 after birth in cultures containing thymus cells and LPS. They are 1 precursor B cell in ∼ 1 × 106 FLC at day 13 of gestation, 1 in ∼ 1 × 10s at day 14, 1 in ∼ 3 × 104 at day 15, 1 in ∼ 1 × 104 at day 16, 1 in ∼ 2 × 103 at day 17, 1 in ∼ 1 × 102 at day 18 and 1 in ∼ 3 × 101 at day 19 of gestation. After birth, these frequencies decline rapidly to 1 in ∼ 3 × 102 at day 2, 1 in 3 × 103 at day 4 and 1 in less than 10s liver cells at day 7 after birth.