bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential effect of dietary antioxidant classes (carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins C and E) on lutein absorption
Authors: Reboul Emmanuelle , Thap Sinay , Tourniaire Franck , André Marc , Juhel Christine , Morange Sophie , Amiot Marie-Josèphe , Lairon Denis , Borel Patrick 
Published: February 2007

Lutein is assumed to protect the human retina from blue light and oxidative stress and diminish the incidence of age-related macular degeneration. This antioxidant is commonly ingested with other dietary antioxidants. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the main dietary antioxidants, i.e. carotenoids, polyphenols and vitamins C and E, affect lutein absorption. We measured the effect of adding a mixture of antioxidants (500 mg vitamin C, 67 mg (100 IU) vitamin E and 1 g polyphenols) to a lutein-containing meal (18 mg) on the postprandial lutein response in the chylomicron-rich fraction in eight healthy men. Lutein response was weakest ( − 23 %;P = 0·07) after ingestion of the meal containing antioxidants (21·9 (sem4·6)v.28·4 (sem7·2) nmol × h/l). To assess the effect of each class of antioxidants and potential interactions, we subsequently evaluated the effect of various combinations of antioxidants on lutein uptake by human intestinal Caco-2 TC-7 cells. A full factorial design showed that both a mixture of polyphenols (gallic acid, caffeic acid, (+)-catechin and naringenin) and a mixture of carotenoids (lycopene plus β-carotene) significantly (P < 0·05) impaired lutein uptake by ( − 10 to − 30 %), while vitamins C and E had no significant effect. Subsequent experiments showed that the aglycone flavanone naringenin was the only polyphenol responsible for the effect of the polyphenol mixture, and that the carotenoid effect was not carotenoid species-dependent. Taken together, the present results suggest that lutein absorption is not markedly affected by physiological concentrations of vitamins C and E but can be impaired by carotenoids and naringenin.
Effects of a healthy meal course on spontaneous energy intake, satiety and palatability
Authors: Poortvliet Peter C. , Bérubé-Parent Sonia , Drapeau Vicky , Lamarche Benoit , Blundell John E. , Tremblay Angelo 
Published: February 2007

Many food components can influence satiety or energy intake. Combined together, these food components could represent an interesting dietary strategy in the prevention and treatment of obesity. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the effect of a functional food in the form of a healthy meal course on subsequent energy intake and satiety; 2) to verify if it is possible to maintain palatability while preserving the satiating effects of the test meal. Thirteen subjects were invited to eat two lunch sessions: healthy and control meal courses (2090 kJ/meal). Anthropometric and ad libitum food intake measurements, and visual analogue scales (VAS) were performed during the two lunch sessions. The healthy main course acutely decreased energy intake during the rest of the meal ( − 744 kJ, P ≤ 0·0001) and lipid ( − 6 %, P ≤ 0·0001) compared with the control meal. VAS ratings during the course of the testing showed a meal effect for hunger, desire to eat and prospective food consumption (P ≤ 0·05) and a time effect for all appetite sensations (P ≤ 0·0001). VAS scores on hunger ratings were lower for the healthy meal (P ≤ 0·05), whereas fullness ratings were higher shortly after the healthy main course (P ≤ 0·05). The healthy meal produced a slightly higher palatability rating but this effect was not statistically significant. These results suggest that it is possible to design a healthy meal that decreases spontaneous energy intake and hunger without compromising palatability.
Age- and sex-dependent effects of long-term zinc supplementation on essential trace element status and lipid metabolism in European subjects: the Zenith Study
Authors: Hininger-Favier Isabelle , Andriollo-Sanchez Maud , Arnaud Josiane , Meunier Nathalie , Bord Séverine , Graham Ciaren , Polito Angela , Maiani Giuseppe , O'Connor Jacqueline M. , Coudray Charles , Roussel Anne-Marie 
Published: February 2007

Given the key role of Zn in many physiological functions, optimal Zn status could be a predictive parameter of successful ageing. However, the benefit of Zn supplementation is still a matter of debate since Zn supplementation has been reported to be associated with the alteration of Cu status and lipid metabolism. As part of the Zenith Project, the present study aimed to investigate, in free-living healthy European middle-aged and older subjects, the effect of Zn supplementation on the biochemical status of Zn, Fe and Cu and on lipid profile. Volunteers aged 55–70 (n188) and 70–85 (n199) years old participated in a double-blinded, randomised study and received a daily placebo, or Zn as 15 or 30 mg for 6 months. Zn supplementation did not significantly modify erythrocyte Zn levels or erythrocyte Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase activity. But Zn supplementation at 15 or 30 mg/d for 6 months increased significantly serum Zn levels and Zn urinary excretion with no major adverse effects on Fe and Cu status or on lipid metabolism. However, Zn supplementation at 30 mg/d showed some age- and sex-dependent alterations in Fe status or lipid profile. Therefore, with respect to the key role of an optimal Zn status in successful ageing, Zn supplementation at 15 mg/d, when necessary, could be safely proposed regarding lipids and the risk of interaction with Fe and Cu.
Attenuation of monocyte adhesion and oxidised LDL uptake in luteolin-treated human endothelial cells exposed to oxidised LDL
Authors: Jeong Yu-Jin , Choi Yean-Jung , Choi Jung-Suk , Kwon Hyang-Mi , Kang Sang-Wook , Bae Ji-Young , Lee Sang-Soo , Kang Jung-Sook , Han Seoung Jun , Kang Young-Hee 
Published: February 2007

Oxidative modification of LDL is causally involved in the development of atherosclerosis and occursin vivoin the blood as well as within the vascular wall. The present study attempted to explore whether polyphenolic flavonoids influence monocyte-endothelium interaction and lectin-like oxidised LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) expression involved in the early development of atherosclerosis. The flavones luteolin and apigenin inhibited THP-1 cell adhesion onto oxidised LDL-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), while the flavanols of ( − )epigallocatechin gallate and (+)catechin, the flavonols of quercetin and rutin, and the flavanones of naringin, naringenin, hesperidin and hesperetin did not have such effects. Consistently, Western blot analysis revealed that the flavones at 25 μmdramatically and significantly abolished HUVEC expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin evidently enhanced by oxidised LDL; these inhibitory effects were exerted by drastically down regulating mRNA levels of these cell adhesion molecules. In addition, quercetin and luteolin significantly attenuated expression of LOX-1 protein up regulated in oxidised LDL-activated HUVEC with a fall in transcriptional mRNA levels of LOX-1. In addition, quercetin and luteolin clearly blunted oxidised LDL uptake by HUVEC treated with oxidised LDL. The results demonstrate that the flavones luteolin and apigenin as well as quercetin were effective in the different initial steps of atherosclerosis process by inhibiting oxidised LDL-induced endothelial monocyte adhesion and/or oxidised LDL uptake. Therefore, certain flavonoids qualify as anti-atherogenic agents in LDL systems, which may have implications for strategies attenuating endothelial dysfunction-related atherosclerosis.
Intra-familial spread of hepatitis B virus infection in eastern Turkey
Authors: UCMAK H. , FARUK KOKOGLU O. , CELIK M. , ERGUN U. G. O. 
Published: February 2007

SUMMARYHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide health problem. The aim of the present study was not only to determine the prevalence of HBsAg in children of HBV-infected parents but also to identify all HBSAg-positive family members to protect as many children, in the present and future, as possible. The study was carried out with the participation of 2113 family members (1205 children, 453 mothers, and 455 fathers) at Sivas SSK Hospital, Turkey. They were screened for HBV markers using standard enzyme immunoassay between September 2001 and March 2005. The prevalence of any HBV markers and HBsAg among family members of index cases was 50·5% and 30·5% respectively. HBsAg carrier rate was higher among fathers (61%) than mothers (47%), (P<0·05). The children of mother index cases had higher rates of HBsAg compared with the children of father index cases (P<0·01). Our results suggest that intra-familial childhood horizontal transmission (especially mother-to-child) is important for HBV transmission in the Turkish community, and highlights the need for screening of adult siblings and mothers of adult HBsAg carriers in addition to their spouses and children.
Public farms: hygiene and zoonotic agents
Authors: HEUVELINK A. E. , VALKENBURGH S. M. , TILBURG J. J. H. C. , VAN HEERWAARDEN C. , ZWARTKRUIS-NAHUIS J. T. M. , DE BOER E. 
Published: February 2007

SUMMARYIn three successive years, we visited petting farms (n=132), care farms (n=91), and farmyard campsites (n=84), respectively, and completed a standard questionnaire with the objective of determining the hygienic status of these farms and describing hygiene measures implemented to reduce the risk of transmission of zoonotic agents from the animals to humans. For at least 85% of the farms, the overall impression of hygiene was recorded as good. However, more attention must be paid to: informing visitors on hygiene and handwashing, provision of handwashing facilities, and a footwear cleaning facility. Examination of samples of freshly voided faeces resulted in the detection of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliO157 and/orSalmonellaspp. and/orCampylobacterspp. at almost two-thirds (64·9%) of the petting farms, and around half of the care farms (56·0%) and farmyard campsites (45·2%). These data reinforce the need for control measures for both public and private farms to reduce human exposure to livestock faeces and thus the risk of transmission of zoonotic diseases. Public awareness of the risk associated with handling animals or faecal material should be increased.
An On‐Line Approach To Monitor Ethanol Fermentation Using FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Veale Ennis L. , Irudayaraj Joseph , Demirci Ali 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFermentation process control is currently limited by its inability to measure parameters such as substrate, product, and biomass concentrations rapidly for consistent on‐line feedback. Physical and chemical parameters, such as temperature and pH, currently can be obtained on‐line using appropriate sensors. However, to obtain information on the concentration of the substrate, product, and biomass, samples must be taken off‐line for measurement. With the use of spectroscopic techniques, real‐time monitoring of process constituents such as product and substrate is possible. Spectroscopic techniques are rapid and nondestructive, require minimal or no sample preparation, and can be used to simultaneously assess several constituents in complex matrices. The production of ethanol is the largest fermentation process in terms of production volume and economic value as a result of its prominence in the food, agricultural, and fuel industries. This study attempts to develop an on‐line ethanol fermentation monitoring technique using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with a flow‐through ATR capability. Models developed using multivariate statistics, employed to obtain on‐line FTIR measurements, were successfully validated by off‐line HPLC analysis and spectrophotometry data. Standard errors of prediction (SEP) values of 0.985 g/L (R2 = 0.996), 1.386 g/L (R2 = 0.998), and 0.546 (R2 = 0.972) were obtained for ethanol, glucose, and OD, respectively. This work demonstrates that FTIR spectroscopy could be used for rapid on‐line monitoring of fermentation.
𝐿^{𝑝}-𝐿^{𝑝’} estimates for overdetermined Radon transforms
Authors: Brandolini Luca , Greenleaf Allan , Travaglini Giancarlo 
Published: February 2007

We prove several variations on the results of F. Ricci and G. Travaglini (2001), concerning

L

p

−

L

p
′

L^{p}-L^{p’}

bounds for convolution with all rotations of arc length measure on a fixed convex curve in

R

2

\mathbb {R} ^{2}

. Estimates are obtained for averages over higher-dimensional convex (nonsmooth) hypersurfaces, smooth

k
k

-dimensional surfaces, and nontranslation-invariant families of surfaces. We compare Ricci and Travaglini’s approach, based on average decay of the Fourier transform, with an approach based on

L

2

L^{2}

boundedness of Fourier integral operators, and show that essentially the same geometric condition arises in proofs using the two techniques.
Partial derivatives of a generic subspace of a vector space of forms: Quotients of level algebras of arbitrary type
Authors: Zanello Fabrizio 
Published: February 2007

Given a vector space

V
V

of homogeneous polynomials of the same degree over an infinite field, consider a generic subspace

W
W

of

V
V

. The main result of this paper is a lower-bound (in general sharp) for the dimensions of the spaces spanned in each degree by the partial derivatives of the forms generating

W
W

, in terms of the dimensions of the spaces spanned by the partial derivatives of the forms generating the original space

V
V

. Rephrasing our result in the language of commutative algebra (where this result finds its most important applications), we have: let

A
A

be a type

t
t

artinian level algebra with

h
h

-vector

h
=
(
1
,

h
1

,

h
2

,
.
.
.
,

h
e

)

h=(1,h_1,h_2,...,h_e)

, and let, for

c
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
t
−
1

c=1,2,...,t-1

,

H

c
,
g
e
n

=
(
1
,

H
1

c
,
g
e
n

,

H
2

c
,
g
e
n

,
.
.
.
,

H
e

c
,
g
e
n

)

H^{c,gen}=(1,H_1^{c,gen},H_2^{c,gen},...,H_e^{c,gen})

be the

h
h

-vector of the generic type

c
c

level quotient of

A
A

having the same socle degree

e
e

. Then we supply a lower-bound (in general sharp) for the

h
h

-vector

H

c
,
g
e
n

H^{c,gen}

. Explicitly, we will show that, for any

u
∈
{
1
,
.
.
.
,
e
}

u\in \lbrace 1,...,e\rbrace

,
\[

H
u

c
,
g
e
n

≥

1

t
2

−
1

(
(
t
−
c
)

h

e
−
u

+
(
c
t
−
1
)

h
u

)

.

H_u^{c,gen}\geq {1\over t^2-1}\left ((t-c)h_{e-u}+(ct-1)h_u\right ).

\]
This result generalizes a recent theorem of Iarrobino (which treats the case

t
=
2

t=2

). Finally, we begin to obtain, as a consequence, some structure theorems for level

h
h

-vectors of type bigger than 2, which is, at this time, a very little explored topic.
After critical care: a study to explore patients’ experiences of a follow‐up service
Authors: Pattison Natalie A , Dolan Shelley , Townsend Patricia , Townsend Rachel 
Published: February 2007

Aims and objectives.  To establish patients’ experiences after discharge from critical care and to evaluate implementation of a follow‐up service.Background.  Government recommendations advise critical care follow‐up to prevent readmission and address problems after discharge. Admission to critical care results in significant psychological and physiological sequelae.Design.  A prospective, longitudinal and exploratory study of surgical cancer patients requiring >48 hours in critical care. Qualitative interviews were conducted and short questionnaires were used.Methods.  Patient Expert Advisory Groups were invited to participate in research design. Patients were visited in the ward at days 1 and 5 after discharge, invited to nurse‐led follow‐up clinic and interviewed at three and six months. Short questionnaires were administered at six and 12 months.Findings.  Twenty‐seven patients participated in the study. All patients experienced benefit from the service. Emergent themes included: rehabilitation from critical care: physiological issues and needs, memories: real and unreal, uncertainty and fear and empathy. A core theme of reassurance was underlying through the research. Issues while in critical care included: the need for nursing presence, nightmares, delusions, confusion, fear of ward transfer, inability to remember, disorientation and being prepared for the experience. After discharge, issues shifted to longer term needs. Psychological support, in the form of the follow‐up clinic, proved useful. The ability to move on with life after discharge varied and uncertainty about the future and their cancer had an impact upon this. Recovery was made easier through the follow‐up clinic. Patients required reassurances that their experiences were valid and also wanted reassurances about their cancer.Conclusion.  Critical care causes various difficulties for patients that may impinge on recovery. Incorporating patients into the design process helps identify needs more closely. Follow‐up proved beneficial and highlighted the role nurses have in improving patient experiences after discharge from critical care. Nurses should be vigilant for both immediate and longer‐term needs.Relevance to clinical practice.  This research into nurse‐led follow‐up clinics after critical care highlights an important, and often neglected, part of the critical illness continuum. Attending such clinics may help reassure patients after discharge from critical care.
Patient dependency in emergency care: do we have the nurses we need?
Authors: O'Brien Alison , Benger Jonathan 
Published: February 2007

Aims and objectives.  To use the previously validated Jones Dependency Tool to establish current patterns in the dependency of patients attending the Emergency Department of an inner city teaching hospital, thereby informing present and future decisions regarding nursing numbers and grade mix.Background.  Nursing salaries are the largest single expenditure in the National Health Service, but the number and grade of nursing staff are often determined by historical or arbitrary measures. Staffing calculations based only on the number of patients fail to take account of dependency and, hence, the actual nursing workload.Design and methods.  The Jones Dependency Tool, a validated measure of Emergency Department patient dependency, was used prospectively to collect data on all patients attending an adult Emergency Department over a two‐week period. The primary outcome measure was patient dependency assessed on arrival and departure and at four and eight hours if the patient was still in the Emergency Department. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi‐squared testing.Results.  Data were collected on 48% of all patient attendances; 10% of patients were in the high‐ or total‐dependency groups on arrival. Patients tended to become less dependent during their Emergency Department stay and analysis of those individuals in whom dependency increased was valuable. The proportion of high and total‐dependency patients did not vary by day of the week, but was significantly increased overnight. This emphasizes the weakness of basing staffing levels on patient numbers alone.Conclusion.  Patient dependency is one of the essential determinants of nursing grade mix and with further work and adaptation the Jones Dependency Tool can be used to predict workload, resource use and the optimal staffing levels that will provide safe and effective patient care.Relevance to clinical practice.  Dependency can be readily and repeatedly assessed and we recommend this approach to other Emergency Departments.
Oral mucositis, dysfunction, and distress in patients undergoing cancer therapy
Authors: Cheng Karis Kin‐Fong 
Published: February 2007

Aims and objectives.  This study investigated the patients’ self‐reported oral dysfunction in relation to oral mucositis and examined the extent to which oral dysfunction and distress correlated with oral mucositis.Background.  Oral mucositis is the most symptomatic problem of patients in cancer therapy. However, the levels of oral functional impairment and distress in response to oral mucositis are not thoroughly assessed and researched.Design and method.  This study employed a descriptive cross‐sectional design. Eighty‐eight subjects presenting with WHO grade ≥2 oral mucositis during 7–14 days after the initiation of chemotherapy and the last week of head and neck irradiation were enrolled in the study. Subjects were asked to indicate their intensity and distress of oral mucositis and associated oral dysfunction using 1–4 and 0–4 point rating scales, respectively.Results.  Dry mouth and distorted taste were reported by 63 (72%) and 55 (63%) subjects separately. Fifty (57%) and 35 (40%) subjects reported having weight loss and dysphagia, respectively. The mean intensity and the distress score of oral mucositis and oral dysfunction reported by the subjects ranged from 1·96 to 2·51 and 1·58 to 2·09, respectively. The intensity of oral mucositis was significantly correlated with the intensity (r = 0·4–0·6) and the distress scores (r = 0·4–0·6) of oral dysfunction.Conclusion.  The findings have demonstrated that the intensity and the distress of oral dysfunction in patients with cancer therapy induced oral mucositis were moderately high from the patients’ point of view. The data also supported the correlations between the intensity and the distress of oral mucositis and oral dysfunction.Relevance to clinical practice.  Patients treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer most often suffer from a multitude of intense and distressing oral dysfunctions in conjunction with oral mucositis. Increased attention and treatment of the oral dysfunction noted are essential for the early identification and relief of distress.
Close care provider–resident relationships in long‐term care environments
Authors: McGilton Katherine S , Boscart Veronique M 
Published: February 2007

Aims and objectives.  The purpose of this study was to analyse perceptions of residents, family and care providers, with regard to close care provider–resident relationships in long‐term care.Background.  The nature of care provider–resident relationships in long‐term care is crucial to the quality of life of residents. Clinical observations and anecdotal evidence suggest that close relationships exist between residents and care providers. However, research exploring how these relationships are defined and measured is only in an early stage of development.Design.  The study employed a descriptive design.Methods.  Twenty‐five residents and their family and 32 care providers (registered nurses, licensed practical nurses and health care aides) from two units in a long‐term care facility were interviewed separately and asked to comment on whether they perceived themselves to be in a close care provider–resident relationship. All transcripts were analysed using a comparative method.Results.  Care providers perceived the closeness of relationships by the degree of reciprocity they experienced with their residents and by their emotional connection with them. Residents defined close relationships with care providers based on the care providers’ caring attitude and behaviours. Family determined the closeness of relationships between their relatives and care providers according to the positive effects of the care providers’ behaviours on their relatives’ well being. In addition, care providers, residents and family accredited different factors as influencing the closeness of the care provider–resident relationship.Conclusion.  Care providers, residents and family members defined close care provider–resident relationships differently. All groups spoke about the need for connectedness, but mentioned inadequate staffing and workload as barriers to care providers being able to create time for meaningful one‐on‐one relationships.Relevance to clinical practice.  These results have implications for how close care provider–resident relationships are conceptualized and measured and, ultimately, for enhancing resident care in long‐term care facilities.