bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phanerozoic Plate Reconstructions of the Middle East: Insights Into the Context of Arabian Tectonics and Sedimentation
Authors: Johnson Christopher A. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The geodynamic events that shaped the Arabian plate and its hydrocarbon systems are illustrated in new animated plate reconstructions that include non-rigid deformation. The reconstructions illustrate the genetic relationships between hydrocarbon systems development and regional tectonostratigraphy. Important genetic controls include plate motions, tectonic events, basin formation and subsidence histories, deformation and uplift, eustasy, sediment supply and stratigraphic packaging (sequences), facies and depositional patterns, and paleolatitude (climate). Viewed synchronously in a regional-scale animation, the causes, feedbacks, and interrelationships between these factors are illuminated. The linkages between tectonics, stratigraphy, and eustasy are also clearly laid out in a logical context, where they can be viewed and evaluated together as a system.
Arabia during the Phanerozoic was situated at the northern rim of Gondwana, where repeated Wilson cycles created and destroyed a number of ocean basins (Proto-, Paleo-, and Neo-Tethys). Through this process, the Arabian platform experienced repeated marine transgressions across a low-relief continental platform. Relief controlled facies development and continuity. Therefore an understanding of the relief, where and when it developed, and the forces driving its creation and destruction are critical to mapping paleogeography, facies patterns, and play fairways. Relief can be driven by various factors, including thermal, flexural, or structural mechanisms, each of which have characteristic scales in space and time. Key Phanerozoic events involve relief creation through interaction between regional tectonic forces, basement structural fabric, erosion, and sedimentation. Thus it is critical to recognize the regional influence of tectonic events along the northern margin of Gondwana.
Sweet and Sour Gas Injection as an Enhanced Oil Recovery Method in Abu Dhabi Offshore Oil Fields
Authors: Uchiyama Ryoji , Yamada Yutaka , Ishii Hiroshi , Salameh Lutfi A. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Oil production from two adjacent offshore fields, ARF and GAF, started in 1989 and 1995 respectively in conjunction with sweet gas injection, followed by sour gas injection in 2001. The application of sweet and sour gas injection as an EOR method and transition of these reservoirs' behavior to date are discussed. Reservoir fluids in these fields comprise two types: Arab A reservoir is a highly under-saturated black oil reservoir with low GOR. This reservoir has applied the high pressure gas miscible drive method as an EOR. On the other hand, Arab C reservoir is a near critical fluid reservoir with high GOR. This reservoir has applied the gas cycling method, i.e. gas injection into the gaseous phase at the crest of the structure. Miscible displacement can be achieved by gas injection taking advantage of the naturally occurring fluid properties. Since commencement of production/injection, the produced fluid property has been monitored to optimize reservoir management. The historical transition of the fluid property is important in understanding the behavior of injected gas into the reservoirs. H2S/CO2 content is one of the simplest parameters to investigate the behavior of injected gas in reservoirs. The fluid data with H2S/CO2 content is used to validate the reservoir simulation models. Since the allocation of the gas injection volume to each reservoir is essential under the limited amount of the total gas, the optimum allocation is necessary and has been determined through sensitivity studies using the validated models.
Exploring Organisational Understanding and Capability through Crisis and Emergency Exercises
Authors: Evans David 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between understanding the "trigger" events which result in emergencies and crises and the capability of organisations to respond to such events. Traditional exercises are often expensive and fail to deliver value to an organisation; they take people through the steps but do not challenge the underlying assumptions and cultural values. Using information gathered from over 21 years of experience, including running some of the world's largest commercial exercises, the author analyses techniques for using exercises as a basis of establishing risk management as a proactive element of mitigation within an organisation.
The establishment of effective programmes for exercising crisis and emergency response can deliver valuable insights into the culture and capability of an organisation. By researching the underlying factors, presenting information in realistic scenarios and ensuring the balance of opportunity and vulnerability is explored; exercises can deliver both experiential learning to participants as well as independent feedback to managers on the status of the organisation.
It suggests an approach to training and exercises that can result in a marked improvement in the ability of an organization to reduce its risk profile.
Soft-Sensing for Multilateral Wells With Downhole Pressure and Temperature Measurements
Authors: de Kruif Bas , Leskens Martijn , van der Linden Ruud , Alberts Garrelt 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Real-time monitoring of downhole oil, gas and water flows in wells can significantly improve the production performance of these wells when this flow rate information is used to manipulate inflow control valves. An example of this is the allocation of a gas or water cone to its entrance point in a multilateral well, allowing to close down the individual well where the gas or water cone occurs, instead of closing down the complete well.
Downhole monitoring of flows can be done via direct measurement. However, downhole multiphase metering is either expensive, inaccurate, or too difficult due to the harsh conditions. An alternative is to use softsensors. Softsensors estimate downhole holdups and flow rates from (relatively) cheap and reliable conventional downhole meters, such as pressure and temperature measurements, and a dynamic multiphase flow model connecting these measurements with the quantities of interest.
Soft-sensing has already been investigated before for unilateral wells in Bloemen et al. (2004) and Leskens et al. (2008). In the second of these references, the simultaneous estimation of downhole oil, water and gas flows from downhole pressure and temperature measurements is considered. It is shown there that this estimation is badly conditioned (i.e. badly observable) and, thereby, not feasible in a practical situation. Using a similar approach and focussing on gas-lift wells, in Bloemen et al. (2004) it is suggested that soft-sensing with only downhole pressure and temperature measurements should work for the case that only a liquid and gas flow are estimated.
In this paper, within the same soft-sensing framework as used in the mentioned two references, solutions are sought for soft-sensing of multilateral wells, both for the two-phase (gas and liquid) and three-phase (oil, water and gas) case.
For that purpose, first, the question is addressed whether the unilateral two-phase case truly can be solved using only downhole pressure and temperature measurements. If so, the multilateral two-phase case is automatically solved with the corresponding soft-sensing solution simply consisting of a collection of unilateral two-phase sensors, one for each branch. It is shown that this solution is indeed feasible.
After that, the three phase case is addressed. It is shown that for this case soft-sensing of multilateral wells is not possible, even when adding surface measurements and even though, as also shown here, it is possible for the unilateral well case when adding such measurements.
Insights from Monitoring of Heavy Oil Production in Peace River, Canada
Authors: Maron K. P. , Bourne S. , Klemm H. , van den Beukel A. , McGillivray P. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Since 1979 Shell Canada has operated the Peace River heavy oil field in the province of Northern Alberta. In 2002 Shell Canada started an extensive and ambitious reservoir-surveillance programme with the aim to improve the understanding of dynamic behaviour of the reservoir produced by cyclic steam stimulation. Repeated seismic time-lapse, continuous microseismic and surface tilt meter data have been acquired since late 2002, and this surveillance is continuing to date. Earlier work with these data established that steam injection induces complex fracturing inside the reservoir that govern the transport of heat and fluids which control the efficiency of this thermal extraction process [1].
Since this earlier report, further work has focussed on developing our capability in two key areas. First, we aimed to identify the distribution of reservoir heating using time-lapse seismic data in a quantitative manner. This has been achieved by quantifying changes in seismic velocity via inversion and the development of a rock physics model to explain and separate the effects of pressure, temperature and fracturing. Second, we aimed to provide more cost-effective and reliable surface deformation monitoring. This is now being realised using space-borne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). Following an 18-month long field trial, we demonstrate field-wide monitoring of all uplift and subsidence induced by the cyclic steam stimulation. These data allow us to map the areal distribution of injected fluid volumes through time anywhere inside the reservoir.
PSSP Seismic Data Processing and Interpretation from Conventional 1C Acquisition in a Supergiant Field – Onshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Al-Shekaili Fatema Saeed , Al-Jenaibi Mahfoud Salah , Nahas Mohamed Samir , Boekholt Martin , Sablon Ronan , Rodriguez Salvador 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
PSSP mode-converted seismic data were extracted, processed and imaged from a conventional high-resolution 1C seismic acquisition over a subset area of an onshore supergiant carbonate field within the Abu Dhabi emirate. The purpose for this work was to investigate the possibilities to provide information about rock and notably fluid properties from an s-wave image at reservoir level. The combination of well log data, VSP data and modeling results yielded convincing evidence that on the existence of PSSP reflections which must have gone through double conversion before reaching the surface receivers. The detection, extraction and separation of this PSSP data out of the normal P-wave recorded data in presence of multiples and noise was challenging, but successful. Subsequent processing required a lot of attention and QC to maintain the weak PSSP signal. A s-wave seismic image and associated s-wave velocities were obtained at reservoir levels across the test area.
Pearl GTL – Assuring Success from the Outset
Authors: Brown Andy 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
When completed, Pearl GTL will be the world's largest GTL plant. It is the single largest energy project within the borders of Qatar, as well as Shell's largest equity investment ever. In spite of the various challenges that are intrinsic to a project of this nature, Shell and Qatar Petroleum are confident in their ability to manage construction successfully.
Pearl GTL is a fully integrated upstream/downstream, world-scale project in Ras Laffan Industrial City, 80 km north of Doha, Qatar. It will have the capacity to produce 140,000 barrels a day (b/d) of GTL products – gasoil, naphtha, kerosene, normal paraffin and lubricants base oils – as well as 120,000 barrels of oil equivalent a day of ethane, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and condensate. The project is being developed in two phases, with the first phase expected to start up around the end of the decade. It is making good progress and is overall more than 50% complete.
The project is currently in full swing both offshore and onshore. Offshore activities include drilling wells, and constructing offshore platforms and pipelines. Onshore, the detailed design is nearing completion whilst procurement activities are in full swing. Onshore construction, involving more than 35,000 workers, is gaining momentum as the plant takes shape.
Efficient Multifractured Horizontal Completions Change the Economic Equation in Latin America through Improved Reservoir Contact and Well Productivity
Authors: Saldungaray Pedro , Salas Efrain Huidobro , Vargas Sebastian , Peñacorada Fabio , Bernechea José María , Cavazzoli Gustavo , Cafardi Federico 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Latin America hasn't escaped the general industry trend of finding reserves in ever challenging environments. Complex geology and low permeability are the common denominator in today's environment. Developing reserves under these conditions with conventional vertical wells is in most cases uneconomical. In this setting, horizontal wells have come to mitigate the problem, however in most unfavorable conditions where oil and gas are found in tight formations fracture stimulation needs to be added to the equation.
Conventional multistage fracturing techniques including perforating, fracture stimulating and isolating stages with a composite bridge plug have been applied in some cases with limited success. The time consumed in the completion operations extends over weeks making wells uneconomical. In addition, the prolonged time over which the frac fluid remains in the formation before being flowed back often affects well productivity.
This paper describes the experience of three operators in Latin America that have implemented a new completion system to overcome the time consuming and productivity limitations of conventional completions described above.
The new completion system is run as part of the production liner, does not require cementing and provides positive mechanical diversion at specified intervals, so fracturing and stimulations can be pumped effectively to their targeted zone. The system has also been designed, so all of the fracturing or stimulation treatments along the horizontal wellbore can be pumped in one continuous operation, thus minimizing the associated risks and optimizing the efficiencies of both the personnel and equipment needed to perform the work.
The conclusions will show the operational efficiencies and reliability of this novel completion system, as well as analyze the cost benefits and production increases that have been observed.
Increase of Visceral Fat and Adrenal Gland Volume in Women with Depression: Preliminary Results of a Morphometric Mri Study
Authors: Ludescher Burkhard , Najib Arif , Baar Sophia , MacHann Juergen , Schick Fritz , Buchkremer Gerhard , Claussen Claus D. , Eschweiler Gerhard W. 
Published: November 2008

Objective: Depression is often accompanied by increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT), stress, enlarged adrenal glands, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. VAT turn-over is regulated by adrenal stress hormones such as cortisol. Aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the adrenal volume as a marker for long-term stress and the volume fractions of several body fat compartments in healthy and depressive women. Methods: Ten depressive and 12 healthy women were investigated. Fat compartments (VAT, VAT in the upper abdomen, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT), and adrenal volume) were measured by MRI. Results: Depressive women revealed more VAT in the upper abdomen than the healthy. There was a significant correlation of age and Body Mass Index (BMI) with the visceral adipose tissue volume and adrenal gland size. In a partial correlation, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was correlated with VAT in the upper abdomen ( r = 0.45, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The increase of adrenal volume and VAT and the correlation of BDI with VAT in the upper abdomen support the hypothesis of long-term production of stress hormones in depression. This study is a further step toward describing morphologic substrates of depression in endocrine organs.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Non-Cardiac Chest Pain Patients with and without Panic Disorder
Authors: Dammen Toril , Ekeberg Øivind , Arnesen Harald , Friis Svein 
Published: November 2008

Objective: Little is known about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in non-cardiac chest pain patients with (PD) or without panic disorder (NoPD). The aims of the study were: 1) to compare the HRQoL scores in chest pain patients with and without PD and compare their scores with those from the general population; 2) to compare the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores of PD patients with those of PD patients in other studies; and 3) to identify predictors of HRQoL. Method: We assessed HRQoL in 167 patients consecutively referred for outpatient investigation of chest pain but who proved to have no cardiac condition (non-cardiac chest pain). HRQoL was assessed with the SF-36 and compared with Norwegian population norms. Factors affecting HRQoL were examined using multiple linear regression models. Results: SF-36 scores were lower in PD patients compared to NoPD patients for all domains. Both groups were significantly more impaired than the normal population. Gender, age, being married, years of education, the sum of chronic illnesses, neuroticism, and the presence of panic disorder and depression symptoms accounted for 17–67% of the variance in three selected SF-36 scales. Conclusions: Non-cardiac chest pain patients reported significantly impaired HRQoL. Chest pain patients with PD exhibited significant impairment, similar to PD patients seeking treatment in psychiatric care. Non-cardiac chest pain patients with PD should therefore be identified and offered treatment.
Incidence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after Myocardial Infarction (MI) and Predictors of PTSD Symptoms Post-MI—A Brief Report
Authors: Rocha Leila P. , Peterson Janey C. , Meyers Barnett , Boutin-Foster Carla , Charlson Mary E. , Jayasinghe Nimali , Bruce Martha L. 
Published: November 2008

Objectives: The objectives of this pilot study were to determine the incidence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) one to two months after Myocardial Infarction (MI), and to evaluate potential predictors of PTSD symptoms post-MI. Methods: A convenience sample of 31 patients hospitalized for treatment of acute MI was interviewed during hospitalization and one to two months later. The assessments included socio-demographic questions, questions related to clinical history and hospitalization, assessment of depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies— Depression (CES-D) scale, medical comorbidity using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and perceived social support using the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) scale. Medical records were reviewed for collection of clinical data. Symptoms of PTSD were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R). Results: While one patient (4.0%) met DSM IV criteria for PTSD; additional 16% of the patients had significant symptoms of PTSD as measured by the IES-R (scoring above 24). Higher scores of PTSD symptoms were significantly associated ( p < 0.05) with younger age, black race, depressive symptoms in baseline, and self-reported anxiety during the MI. Conclusions: The incidence of PTSD following MI was low, but 16% of MI patients developed subsyndromal PTSD. The emotional status of the patients at the time of the MI and their subjective reaction to the event were important factors in the development of PTSD symptoms. Black and younger patients were in increased risk of developing PTSD symptoms post-MI.
Disability Status, Disease Parameters, Defense Styles, and Ego Strength Associated with Psychiatric Complications of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Hyphantis Thomas N. , Christou Konstantinos , Kontoudaki Stavroula , Mantas Christos , Papamichael George , Goulia Panagiota , Konitsiotis Spyros , Mavreas Venetsanos 
Published: November 2008

Objective:The aim of the present study was to identify disease parameters, defensive styles and ego strength measurements associated with various forms of psychiatric complications in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods:Seventy-nine patients with MS participated in the study and 158 healthy subjects matched for age and sex served as controls. A wide range of clinical information was collected and the following self-report instruments were used: General Health Questionnaire, Symptom Distress Check List, Defense Style Questionnaire, MMPI Ego Strength Scale and Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire.Results:The odds of being assessed with a psychiatric diagnosis upon interview were 6.7 times greater among patients compared to controls and 9.3 times greater among patients with recent-onset MS compared to patients with long-term disease. Psychiatric complications of MS were closely associated with age of the disease onset and the degree of disability due to MS. Additionally, higher rates of introverted hostility, adoption of maladaptive ego defenses and weakened ego strength were also closely associated with several forms of psychological distress, especially depressive symptoms.Conclusions:MS patients experience elevated symptoms of psychological distress, especially depressive symptoms, which are most closely associated with disease parameters. However, the crucial role of various personality traits such as ego defenses and hostility features in the psychiatric symptom formation also appear to contribute to the development of depressive symptoms. Clinicians involved in the clinical management of patients with MS should identify and modify treatment if these specific personality markers that indicate the exhaustion of the patient's resources to cope with the physical and psychological stress of the illness are present.
Reliance on God's Help, Depression and Fatigue in Female Cancer Patients
Authors: Büssing Arndt , Fischer Julia , Ostermann Thomas , Matthiessen Peter F. 
Published: November 2008

Objective: Because an increasing number of studies indicate that a religious attitude is associated with lower depression, we intended to investigate the interrelationship between intrinsic religiosity and depressive behavioral symptoms in cancer patients with long-term courses. Method: In 396 female cancer patients recruited in East-Germany, intrinsic religiosity was measured with the scale Reliance on God's Help (RGH) from the AKU questionnaire; anxiety and depression with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; fatigue with the cancer fatigue scale (CFS-D); physical and mental health with the SF-12; adaptive coping styles and ESCAPE from illness with the AKU; and life satisfaction with a modification of Huebner's Brief Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale. Results: Moderate depression-associated fatigue was prevalent in cancer patients with long term-cancer courses, while depression and anxiety were of minor prevalence. RGH, which was valued by several patients, correlated with Reappraisal: Illness as Chance; with life satisfaction dimensions such as future perspectives, overall life, and financial situation; to a small extend with Escape from Illness; and negatively with mental health. No significant correlations were found with respect to depression, anxiety, or fatigue. Conclusions: In contrast to cancer patients in final stages, cancer patients with long-term courses had just a moderate reliance on external divine powers. The addressed depressive behavioral symptoms were connected with internal adaptive coping styles such as Conscious Living/Positive Attitudes rather than intrinsic religiosity in response to disease.