bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and outcomes of malpractice claims after tonsillectomy
Authors: Morris Luc G.T. , Lieberman Seth M. , Reitzen Shari D. , Edelstein David R. , Ziff David J.S. , Katz Alvin , Komisar Arnold 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVETo characterize the background and outcomes of tonsillectomy malpractice claims.METHODSReview of 69 New York State insurance claims (Part I) and 87 national court trials (Part II) alleging injury after tonsillectomy.RESULTSPart I. New York State insurance cases were most commonly discontinued (44%) or settled (42%) before trial. Compensations with a settlement or verdict were made in 48 percent of cases. Part II. Death or major injury occurred in 52 percent of insurance cases, with a mean award of $403,656 being made to plaintiffs. Of cases reaching trial, 60 percent of plaintiffs were compensated. Awards against anesthesiologists were more frequent and higher than against surgeons ($5 million vs $839,650). Death or major injury occurred in 52 percent of court cases, resulting in mean indemnity of $3.8 million. Most cases of death or major injury were attributable to airway complications.CONCLUSIONSApproximately half of both New York state claims and court cases involved death or devastating morbidity, mostly related to airway complications, resulting in large awards. Tonsillectomy is a source of uncommon but potentially high‐dollar—value litigation exposure to the surgeon, often attributable to non‐surgical complications.
Survival outcomes for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma arising after lymphoma
Authors: Moore Michael G. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVEDetermine onset and survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) after lymphoma.STUDY DESIGNCase‐control.METHODSCases of HNSCC occurring as a second primary malignancy after prior diagnosis of lymphoma were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. Survivals were compared with age‐ and stage‐matched control cases of HNSCC.RESULTSA total of 333 cases of HNSCC after lymphoma (53 Hodgkin's and 280 non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas) were identified as occurring on average 70.7 months after lymphoma. Post‐lymphoma HNSCC cases exhibited poorer mean (median) Kaplan‐Meier overall survival of 57.0 months (29.0 months) vs 84.2 months (42.0 months) for controls (P = 0.008). However, after exclusion of lymphoma‐related deaths, post‐lymphoma HNSCC survival improved to 63.9 (86.3) months (P = 0.191). HNSCC occurring after Hodgkin's disease exhibited better mean survival (92.5 months) than extranodal non‐Hodgkin's (43.5 months) and nodal non‐Hodgkin's (50.7 months) disease (P = 0.049).CONCLUSIONSPatients with HNSCC with prior lymphoma, especially non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, exhibit poorer survival than first primary HNSCC cases.
Changes in listening habits and quality of musical sound after cochlear implantation
Authors: Lassaletta Luis , Castro Alejandro , Bastarrica Marta , Pérez‐Mora Rosa , Herrán Belén , Sanz Lorena , de Sarriá M. Josefa , Gavilán Javier 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVETo evaluate listening habits and quality of musical sound after cochlear implantation.STUDY DESIGNA total of 89 consecutive, adult, postlingually deafened, cochlear implant recipients entered the study. Music questionnaire included questions about musical background, listening habits, and quality of musical sound through cochlear implants. Music perception was evaluated with the Primary Measures of Music Audiation (PMMA). The questionnaire and the PMMA were administered to 67 and 65 patients, respectively.RESULTSListening habits significantly decreased postimplantation. The mean score (0–100) for the adjective pairs “like—dislike,” “sounds like music—doesn't sound like music,” “natural—mechanical,” and “easy to follow—difficult to follow” was 60, 59, 50, and 40, respectively. The adjective pairs were associated with music enjoyment. Mean PMMA scores were 71 and 78 percent for tone and rhythm, respectively, with no association with music enjoyment.CONCLUSIONMusic perception through a cochlear implant is a complex phenomenon that depends on audiological and non‐audiological factors.
Intranasal Aspergillus fumigatus exposure induces eosinophilic inflammation and olfactory sensory neuron cell death in mice
Authors: Epstein Victoria A. , Bryce Paul J. , Conley David B. , Kern Robert C. , Robinson Alan M. 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVETo determine the effects of eosinophilic inflammation on olfactory sensory neuron cell death.STUDY DESIGNMice were sensitized to intranasal Aspergillus fumigatus extract and subsequently challenged acutely or chronically with the same allergen. The olfactory neuroepithelium was assessed for immunohistochemical evidence of apoptosis and inflammation.RESULTSSensitized mice challenged with allergen demonstrated elevated eosinophil infiltration of the respiratory and olfactory mucosae, with olfactory sensory neuron apoptosis. Remarkably, massive neuronal apoptosis without eosinophil infiltration occurred in nonsensitized mice after a single dose of extract.CONCLUSIONIntranasal sensitization with A fumigatus results in a model with multifactorial effects. Protocols using A fumigatus to induce allergic rhinitis may need modification to allow confident interpretation.SIGNIFICANCEFungal allergens may contribute to anosmia through the induction of olfactory sensory neuron apoptosis, with and without prior sensitization.
Atypical mycobacterial infection of the head and neck in children: A 5‐year retrospective review
Authors: Fraser Lyndsay , Moore Phillip , Kubba Haytham 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVEWe review the management of 31 cases of atypical mycobacterial lymphadenitis presenting to a tertiary referral pediatric otolaryngology department between February 2002 and February 2007.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective case review.SUBJECTS AND METHODSCases were identified by using the hospital's correspondence and pathology databases. Demographic and clinical information was collected. Descriptive and nonparametric inferential statistics (SPSS; SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) were calculated.RESULTSFour patients were treated conservatively with triple‐therapy antibiotics. Twenty‐seven underwent surgical excision plus 3 months of clarithromycin postoperatively. Thirteen percent developed nodal recurrence; this appeared to be unrelated to the operation performed (χ8 2 = 5.8, P = 0.69) or the management modality used (P = 0.35). Patients with previous surgery were more likely to have recurrent infection (χ2 2 = 9.3, P = 0.01).CONCLUSIONSIn our experience, nodal excision plus postoperative clarithromycin remains the best treatment option for most children, although those with limited disease may benefit from combination antibiotic therapy. Previous incision and drainage leads to high recurrence rates after later excision and therefore, heightened awareness of these infections is essential to ensure appropriate early management.
Clinical features and treatment of retropharyngeal abscess in children
Authors: Page Nathan C. , Bauer Erik M. , Lieu Judith E.C. 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVETo characterize presentation, treatment, and outcomes of pediatric retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) and determine optimal treatment.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective cohort.SUBJECTS AND METHODSChart review of 162 pediatric patients with RPA.RESULTSInitial treatment was surgery in 126 and intravenous antibiotics in 36, of which 17 required surgery. Findings were negative in 30, murky fluid in 34, and pus in 79. Factors predicting positive surgical drainage were duration of symptoms for more than 2 days, prior antibiotic treatment, and CT lesion cross‐sectional area >2.0 cm2. A history of rash was a negative predictor. The mean length of stay (LOS) was 4.8 vs 3.6 days (P = 0.14), and duration of fever (DOF) was 2.5 vs 1.4 days (P = 0.01) for patients with no fluid and fluid at surgery, respectively. For antibiotic vs surgery groups, LOS was 4.4 vs 3.6 days (P = 0.14) and DOF was 2.4 versus 1.5 days (P = 0.0061).CONCLUSIONSThese predictive factors may be useful in selecting patients with retropharyngeal abscesses who might be treated with intravenous antibiotics alone.
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy using local anesthesia with intravenous sedation and targeted approaches
Authors: Shindo Maisie L. , Rosenthal Joshua M. , Lee Thomas 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVESMinimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) is generally performed under general anesthesia. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of MIP performed under intravenous sedation with local anesthesia.STUDY DESIGNHistorical cohort study.SUBJECTSOne hundred eighty‐six consecutive patients undergoing MIP using sedation with local anesthesia.METHODSTwo different targeted approaches were used to achieve good exposure with minimal retraction, which allows the procedure to be performed with little discomfort. In all patients, an adenoma was localized preoperatively and its depth mapped by sestamibi scan with single‐photon emission computed tomography and/or ultrasound. A midline anterior approach was used for inferior glands that were superficially located. A lateral approach was used for glands that were located posteriorly or superiorly.RESULTSMIP was successfully completed under local/sedation in 177 patients; 167 were discharged the same day. Complications include two pneumothorax, one small hematoma, and one transient vocal cord paralysis.CONCLUSIONSBy using a targeted approach, MIP can be safely performed under local anesthesia in appropriately selected patients.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in veterans with debilitating tinnitus: A pilot study
Authors: Lee Scott L. , Abraham Megan , Cacace Anthony T. , Silver Steven M. 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVEAvailable evidence suggests tinnitus arises from excessive spontaneous activity in the left superior temporal gyrus, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may suppress this activity. Our hypothesis is that rTMS applied to this region would decrease tinnitus complaints in veterans.STUDY DESIGNProspective, nonrandomized trial.SUBJECTS AND METHODSEight patients with tinnitus received 5 consecutive days of rTMS (0.5 Hz, 20 minutes) to the left temporoparietal area. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) measures before sessions 1 and 3 and after session 5 were used to evaluate efficacy.RESULTSPatient 1′s THI decreased 40 to 34 to 26, patient 4 reported a subjective improvement, patient 8 withdrew, and the remaining patients reported no improvement. Adverse effects included temporary soreness, restlessness, and photophobia.CONCLUSIONThe parameters for this rTMS study are different from those that reported success with its use. With these current parameters, rTMS did not improve tinnitus in veterans. There were no permanent adverse outcomes.
Cannabis use and cancer of the head and neck: Case‐control study
Authors: Aldington Sarah , Harwood Matire , Cox Brian , Weatherall Mark , Beckert Lutz , Hansell Anna , Pritchard Alison , Robinson Geoffrey , Beasley Richard 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether cannabis smoking increases the risk of head and neck cancer. DESIGN: Case‐control study.SUBJECTS AND METHODSCases of head and neck cancer ≤55 years identified from hospital databases and the Cancer Registry, and controls randomly selected from the electoral roll completed interviewer‐administered questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relative risk of head and neck cancer.RESULTSThere were 75 cases and 319 controls. An increased risk of cancer was found with increasing tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and decreased income but not increasing cannabis use. The highest tertile of cannabis use (>8.3 joint years) was associated with a nonsignificant increased risk of cancer (relative risk = 1.6, 95% confidence interval, 0.5–5.2) after adjustment for confounding variables.CONCLUSIONSCannabis use did not increase the risk of head and neck cancer; however, because of the limited power and duration of use studied, a small or longer‐term effect cannot be excluded.
Post‐Katrina: Study in crisis‐related program adaptability
Authors: Pero Colin D. , Pou Anna M. , Arriaga Moises A. , Nuss Daniel W. 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVETo discuss disaster planning, didactic reorganization, and clinical realignments useful in rebuilding academic otolaryngology residency programs after disaster.SUMMARYWe describe our reorganization and analysis of objective measures in resident education before and after Hurricane Katrina. Post‐Katrina, the number of full‐time faculty and part‐time clinical instructors/gratis faculty has decreased (4 vs 9 and 36 vs 43, respectively), but the number of part‐time LSU faculty (private‐academic partnership) has increased (0 vs 3) with overall improved resident supervision. Resident complement decreased by 9.3%. Surgical case loads are essentially unchanged. Reorganization of the didactic schedule has increased attendance and maintained examination scores above national averages. Establishment of two new practice sites provided an adequate number of patients for residency training.CONCLUSIONPoststorm reorganization has maintained or exceeded pre‐Katrina performance standards. Establishment of communication and data retrieval proved irreplaceable and demand advance preparation.
Adult vallecular cyst: Thirteen‐year experience
Authors: Berger Gilead , Averbuch Eran , Zilka Keren , Berger Rachel , Ophir Dov , Saba Kfar 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVETo assess the characteristics of adult vallecular cyst.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGSA retrospective chart review from a university affiliated hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSClinical manifestations and airway management of 38 consecutive adult patients with vallecular cyst admitted between 1992 and 2004 were studied.RESULTSTwo distinct groups were identified: infected (n = 24) and noninfected (n = 14). Twenty‐two (91.7%) patients of the former group had acute epiglottitis with an abrupt onset culminating in abscess formation in 19 (79.2%) and airway compromise in 9 (37.5%) compared with none in the noninfected group (P = 0.006). In 4 (18.2%) of 22 patients, the origin of the infected vallecular cyst was evident only after symptoms subsided. Three patients had recurrent acute epiglottitis. The noninfected group had a relatively prolonged mild clinical course.CONCLUSIONSTwo types of vallecular cysts were characterized. Abscess formation was the hallmark of adult infected vallecular cyst.SIGNIFICANCETo improve patient care, endoscopic follow‐up is advocated. In patients with recurrent episodes of acute epiglottitis, imaging is recommended.
Sinonasal melanoma: A clinicopathologic review of 61 cases
Authors: Dauer Eileen H. , Lewis Jean E. , Rohlinger Audrey L. , Weaver Amy L. , Olsen Kerry D. 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVETo review the Mayo Clinic experience with sinonasal melanoma.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective review (case series).SUBJECTS AND METHODSWe identified 61 patients who had melanoma arising from the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, or both. All were treated at our institution from 1955 through 2003. Clinical and pathologic data were summarized, and survival curves were generated.RESULTSThe most common symptoms at presentation were epistaxis and nasal congestion. The most common treatment was excision only (48%). The cancer‐specific survival rate (ie, rate of death due to disease) was 48.9% and 22.1% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. Median time between diagnosis and death due to disease was 19 months.CONCLUSIONSinonasal melanoma is a rare but devastating disease. Wide local excision is the treatment of choice, and some patients may benefit from postoperative radiotherapy. Local recurrence and distant metastasis are common. Improved survival depends on better systemic therapies.
Practical guide to understanding the value of case reports
Authors: Neely J. Gail , Karni Ron J. , Nussenbaum Brian , Paniello Randal C. , Fraley Patrick L. , Wang Eric W. , Rich Jason T. 
Published: March 2008

Case reports have been vital to the advancement of medicine, providing a mechanism for scholarly education and for sharing new discovery and rare observations. However, journals are increasingly reluctant to publish this type of manuscript. Additionally, case reports and limited case series are infrequently cited, potentially interfering with the impact factor of a journal. The increasing emphasis on evidence‐based medicine may have artificially decreased the value of case reports.This article describes the value of case reports to medicine, citing 3 examples that have significantly improved the practice of medicine. We also provide criteria for effective reporting, which include the elements of both surprise and closure. In summary, we offer support for the contention that case reports are fundamental to the scholarly practice of medicine and enhance the intent of a quality medical journal.
Treatment of nasal fractures by Paul of Aegina
Authors: Skoulakis Charalampos E. , Manios Andreas G. , Theos Evangelos A. , Papadakis Chariton E. , Stavroulaki Pelagia S. 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVEThe most exact description of the management of nasal fractures given by any physician of ancient times belongs to Paul of Aegina (AD 625–690). The goal of this article is to describe the therapeutic methods and surgical techniques used by Paul of Aegina in the treatment of nasal injuries.STUDY DESIGNWe studied the original Greek texts and the translation published in Venice, titled “The seven books of excellent doctor Paul of Aegina.” The sixth book of his medical compendium is devoted to surgery. We identified the treatments and techniques applied to the restoration of injured noses.CONCLUSIONIn this historical article we present the management of nasal fractures by Paul of Aegina. Paul of Aegina's conservative and surgical management for each form of injury was adopted by later physicians and influenced European medicine, a management surprisingly identical with the way nasal fractures are managed nowadays.
Comparison of paper‐patch, fat, and perichondrium myringoplasty in repair of small tympanic membrane perforations
Authors: Dursun Engin , Dogru Salim , Gungor Atila , Cincik Hakan , Poyrazoglu Ethem , Ozdemir Taner 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVETo compare the effectiveness of paper‐patch, fat, and perichondrium myringoplasty in the treatment of chronic tympanic membrane perforations smaller than 3 mm.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThis investigation included 45 patients with chronic tympanic membrane perforations smaller than 3 mm. The patients were equally divided into 3 main groups according to surgical procedures. Each group consisted of 3 subgroups, which had 1‐mm, 2‐mm, and 3‐mm perforations. The patients underwent paper‐patch, fat, or perichondrium myringoplasty via transcanal approach under local anesthesia. Healing of perforation, hearing improvement, and complications were investigated.RESULTSClosure rates of the perforations in the paper‐patch, fat, and perichondrium myringoplasty groups were 66.7%, 86.7%, and 86.7%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in tympanic membrane closure rates between techniques with regard to size.CONCLUSIONThree techniques were found to be feasible for tympanic membrane perforations smaller than 3 mm.
Detection of groundwater contamination with hydrocarbons
Authors: Fomenko V.M. , Shushakov O.A. , Kuskovskii V.S. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The task was to detect the groundwater contamination with hydrocarbons (gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel) without drilling special boreholes, by means of NMR geotomography. Near the town of Abakan (Khakasia, RF), experimental measurements were carried out at a gas station where gasoline leakage is possible and the contamination of groundwaters was monitored through observation wells. In the immediate vicinity of the source of pollution, signals with essentially different times of relaxation were rather distinct: Short signals came from hydrogen protons of water, and much longer signals, from hydrogen protons of gasoline.
OUTER AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS OF CERTAIN TREE PRODUCTS OF ABELIAN GROUPS
Authors: CHAI Y. D. , CHOI YOUNGGI , KIM GOANSU , TANG C. Y. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe prove that certain tree products of finitely generated Abelian groups have Property E. Using this fact, we show that the outer automorphism groups of those tree products of Abelian groups and Brauner’s groups are residually finite.
Récits de vie comparés de trois intellectuels de gauche : Eric Hobsbawm, Pierre Bourgault, Pier Paolo Pasolini
Authors: Laberge Yves 
Published: March 2008

À propos des ouvrages suivants :Eric Hobsbawm. 2007. Franc-tireur. Autobiographie. Traduit de l'anglais par Dominique Peters et Yves Coleman. Paris : Hachette Littératures, collection Pluriel. [Édition anglaise parue en 2002 sous le titre Interesting times : a twentieth-century life]. 519 pages. ISBN 978-2-01-279368-2Jean-François Nadeau. 2007. Bourgault. Montréal : Lux Éditeur, collection Histoire politique. 606 pages. ISBN 978-2-89596-051-5Pier Paolo Pasolini. 2007. Entretiens avec Jean Duflot. Paris : Éditions Gutenberg. 257 pages. ISBN 978-2-35236-008-7
Nested Federalism in Arctic Quebec: A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Wilson Gary N. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract.The creation of an autonomous region of Nunavikwithinthe province of Quebec would constitute a new phase in the development of Canadian federalism. Although there is no existing domestic model for such a political arrangement, the system of nested federalism in the Russian Federation offers a useful comparative tool for examining the internal and external features of the emerging system of government in Nunavik, as well as the challenges of operationalizing and embedding such a system within the Canadian federal structure. This article outlines the basic principles of nested federalism and considers them in light of recent developments in the region of Nunavik, including the initialing of an “Agreement in Principle concerning the amalgamation of certain public institutions and the creation of the Nunavik Regional Government” between the regional, provincial and federal governments in August 2007. The article concludes that although the Agreement in Principle does not entrench the types of intergovernmental mechanisms and jurisdictional powers that were recommended by the 2001 Report of the Nunavik Commission and that are necessary to the proper functioning of a nested federal arrangement, the political amalgamation outlined in this document represents a significant step forward in terms of creating an institutional framework for an autonomous, nested region in Nunavik.Résumé.La création d'une région autonome du Nunavik à l'intérieur de la province du Québec constituerait une nouvelle phase dans le développement du fédéralisme canadien. Bien qu'il n'y ait aucun modèle domestique existant d'un tel arrangement politique le système de fédéralisme “encastré” dans la Fédération Russe offre un outil comparatif utile pour examiner les caractéristiques internes et externes du système de gouvernement émergeant au Nunavik. L'exemple russe démontre aussi les défis fonctionnels liés à l'établissement d'un tel système à l'intérieur de la structure fédérale existante au Canada. Cet article développe les principes de base d'un “fédéralisme encastré” et les considère en vue des développements récents dans la région du Nunavik, incluant les négociations pour un “Entente de principe sur la fusion de certaines institutions publiques et la création du gouvernement régional du Nunavik” entre les différents gouvernements régional, provincial et fédéral en août 2007. L'article conclut que bien que l'Accord de Principe n'inclut pas les types de mécanismes intergouvernementaux et les pouvoirs juridictionnels qui étaient recommandés dans le Rapport de 2001 de la Commission de Nunavik et qui sont nécessaires au bon fonctionnement d'un arrangement fédéral “encastré,” le fusionnement politique développé dans ce document représente un pas en avant significatif dans la construction institutionnelle d'un Nunavik autonome à l'intérieur du Québec.