bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfur Isotope Study on Hg and Sb Deposits in Japan
Authors: Imai Akira , Shikazono Naotatsu , Shimizu Masaaki , Shimazaki Hidehiko 
Published: November 2008

Abstract. Sulfur isotope ratios of cinnabar from Hg deposits and stibnite, jamesonite and berthierite from Sb deposits in Japan are examined in order to understand metallogeneses of Hg and Sb deposits in Japanese island arcs. The studied Hg and Sb deposits include the Hg deposit at Yamato‐suigin (Honshu) and the Sb deposit at Ichinokawa (Shikoku) in the Southwest Japan arc. In addition, Hg deposits including Itomuka and Ryushoden in central Hokkaido and Hg and Sb mineralizations in Northeast Japan arc are examined.The δ34S values of cinnabar from the Hidaka‐Kitami district, central Hokkaido, including the Itomuka and Ryushoden deposits range widely, from ‐10 to +16 %o, the highest values encountered at the Samani deposit. The δ34S values of cinnabar from other areas in Japan range from ‐12 to +5 %o, having δ34S values higher than +2 %o from southwestern Hokkaido (Meiji deposit), Shikoku (Suii deposit) and Kyushu (Hasami and Yamagano deposits). On the other hand, the δ34S values of stibnite from all areas in Japan range from ‐14 to +5 %o, having positive δ34S values higher than +2 %o up to +5 %o from southwestern Hokkaido (Yakumo, Toyotomi and Teine deposits) and eastern‐central Honshu (Hachiman and Daikoku deposits).The variation in δ34S values of Hg and Sb deposits may reflect the variation in δ34S values of country rocks or variation in mixing ratio of sulfur extracted from the country rocks, sulfur derived from seawater sulfate, and sulfur derived from magmatic emanations. The relatively high δ34S values of cinnabar and stibnite higher than +2 %o from southwestern Hokkaido, eastern‐central Honshu and Kyushu are probably caused by contribution of volcanic emanation from arc magmas having positive σδ34S values, whereas the positive δ34S values of cinnabar higher than +2 %o from Suii deposit in Shikoku may be attributed to structurally substituted sulfate in limestone country rocks and/or sulfur derived from seawater sulfate. However, the wide range of the δ34S values of cinnabar from the Hidaka‐Kitami district, central Hokkaido, is difficult to explain at this moment. Other relatively low, negative δ34S values of cinnabar and stibnite, berthierite from other areas in Japan may be attributed to 1) incorporation of isotopically light sedimentary sulfur or sulfur derived from ilmenite‐series silicic magma, or 2) less contribution of volcanic emanation from arc magmas having positive σδ34S values.
Genetic Environment of the Intrusion‐related Yuryang Au‐Te Deposit in the Cheonan Metallogenic Province, Korea
Authors: Pak Sang Joon , Choi Seon‐Gyu , Oh Chang‐Whan , Heo Chul‐Ho , Choi Sang‐Hoon , Kim Sung‐Won 
Published: November 2008

Abstract. The Yuryang gold deposit, comprising a Te‐bearing Au‐Ag vein mineralization, is located in the Cheonan area of the Republic of Korea. The deposit is hosted in Precambrian gneiss and closely related to pegmatite. The mineralized veins display massive quartz textures, with weak alteration adjacent to the veins. The ore mineralization is simple, with a low Ag/Au ratio of 1.5:1, due to the paucity of Ag‐phases. Ore mineralization took place in two different mineral assemblages with paragenetic time; early Fe‐sulfide mineralization and late Fe‐sulfide and Au‐Te mineralization. The early Fe‐sulfide mineralization (pyrite + sphalerite) occurred typically along the vein margins, and the subsequent Au‐Te mineralization is characterized by fracture fillings of galena, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, Te‐bearing minerals (petzite, altaite, hessite and Bi‐Te mineral) and electrum.Fluid inclusions characteristically contain CO2 and can be classified into four types (Ia, Ib, IIa and IIb) according to the phase behavior. The pressure corrected temperatures (≥500d̀C) indicate that the deposit was formed at a distinctively high temperature from fluids with moderate to low salinity (<12 wt% equiv. NaCl) and CH4 (1˜22 mole %). The sphalerite geo‐barometry yield an estimated pressure about 3.5 ˜2.1 kbar. The dominant ore‐deposition mechanisms were CO2 effervescence and concomitant H2S volatilization, which triggered sulfidation and gold mineralization. The measured and calculated isotopic compositions of fluids (δ18OH2O = 10.3 to 12.4 %o; δDH2O = ‐52 to ‐77 %o) may indicate that the gold deposition originated from S‐type magmatic waters.The physicochemical conditions observed in the Yuryang gold deposit indicate that the Jurassic gold deposits in the Cheonan area, including the Yuryang gold deposit are compatible with deposition of the intrusion‐related Au‐Te veins from deeply sourced fluids generated by the late Jurassic Daebo magmatism.
Hydrothermal Alteration of Oman Ophiolite Extrusives in Ghuzayn Area
Authors: A'Shaikh Durair , Matsueda Hiroharu , Mizuta Toshio , Miyashita Sumio 
Published: November 2008

Abstract. The hydrothermal alteration in Ghuzayn Volcanics was associated with mineralization and accumulation of three massive sulfide deposits. The Ghuzayn Volcanics were discriminated into basaltic and andesitic lavas. The crossplots of Zr versus Nb, Y, Hf, La and Lu show that they fall in the same linear fractionation trends with more evolved affinities in the andesitic lavas compared to the less evolved affinities in the basaltic lavas. The immobile trace element contents of the Ghuzayn Volcanics show that they are of oceanic to continental tholeiitic affinity which fall in the fields of back‐arc basin basalt, N‐MORB and island arc tholeiite all meet and match with the field of the Lau‐Tonga back‐arc basin lavas.The ore‐body No. 2 is underlain by a zone of intense argillization and silicification which are so‐called alteration pipe as in some of the Cyprus‐type massive sulfide deposits. The alteration in the proximity of the ore‐body No. 2 is characterized by a zone of epidotization and slight silicification and sulfide disseminations, and surrounded by another zone of slight silicification and sulfide dissemination in the outermost rim around the ore‐body No. 2. The alteration zones in the proximity of the ore‐body No. 2 were divided into Zones I and II based on the abundance of the secondary minerals in the altered basaltic lavas. The Zone I is located in the most northern upper part of the ore‐body No. 2 and characterized by corrensite, saponite and prehnite. However, the Zone II is located in the southern part of the ore‐body No. 2 and characterized by chlorite and epidote. Both alteration zones were formed by different alteration stages. Stage 1 was formed by non to partly reacted fluids, to crystallize Mg‐chlorite and albite at temperatures ranging from 150 to 250d̀C. Further, these fluids evolved with time and became Mg‐depleted, Si‐ and metal‐enriched to crystallize Fe2+‐chlorite, epidote, quartz and sulfides at temperatures ranging from 250 to 350d̀C in stage 2. Later, these fluids were evolved again to be Mg‐ and Ca‐enriched in stage 3 to crystallize prehnite, laumontite, corrensite and saponite at temperatures ranging from 150 to 220d̀C. Late zeolite and calcite have overgrown the previously crystallized phases and crosscutting veins along the altered basaltic lavas in stage 4. Finally, the lavas were cracked and refractured to facilitate penetration of seawater into deeper parts to heat up again and re‐leach the silica and metals in a new mineralizing event.
On Average Predictive Comparisons and Interactions
Authors: Liu Juxin , Gustafson Paul 
Published: November 2008

Summary In a regression context, consider the difference in expected outcome associated with a particular difference in one of the input variables. If the true regression relationship involves interactions, then this predictive comparison can depend on the values of the other input variables. Therefore, one may wish to consider an average predictive comparison as a target of inference, where the averaging is with respect to the population distribution of the input variables. We consider inferences about such targets, with emphasis on inferential performance when the regression model is misspecified. Particularly, in light of the difficulties in dealing with interaction terms in regression models, we examine inferences about average predictive comparisons when additive models are fitted to relationships truly involving pairwise interaction terms. We identify some circumstances where such inferences are consistent despite the model misspecification, notably when the input variables are independent, or have a multivariate normal distribution.
Consumers' taste for rarity drives sturgeons to extinction
Authors: Gault Agnès , Meinard Yves , Courchamp Franck 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe international market for luxury goods puts pressure on many wildlife species, with potentially irreversible consequences for many of them. Although classical economic theory suggests that trade alone would not drive a rare species to extinction, in practice numerous species are being threatened by overexploitation. This is for example the case for sturgeons, exploited for their caviar, of which all 27 species are threatened with extinction. We performed a caviar‐tasting experiment, combined with a modeling approach merging ecological theory and psychosociology. This allowed us to demonstrate that the human predisposition to place exaggerated value on rarity drives sturgeons’ overexploitation, despite caviar's ever‐increasing price and the imminent loss of these species. These findings suggest that this mechanism probably drives the entire market for wildlife based luxury goods.
Expression of angiotensin II receptor type 1 and 2 in ovarian epithelial tumors
Authors: Hwang Sung Ho , Noh Sang Jae , Kwak Hyong Jong , Kim Kyung Ryoul , Park Ho Sung , Moon Woo Sung , Chung Myoung Ja , Kwon Keun Sang , Kim Kwan Sik , Jang Kyu Yun 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTBackground and aims:Recently, activation of the local renin‐angiotensin system via angiotensin II type 1 and 2 receptor (AT1R and AT2R) was shown under neoplastic conditions in certain tumor tissues. We aimed to evaluate the expression of AT1R and AT2R in ovarian epithelial tumors and its correlation with other clinicopathologic parameters including patient survival.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining for AT1R and AT2R were performed by using tissue microarray in 40 benign epithelial tumors (20 serous adenomas and 20 mucinous adenomas), 36 borderline tumors (11 serous tumors and 25 mucinous tumors), and 90 malignant tumors (64 serous carcinomas, 19 mucinous carcinomas, 5 endometrioid carcinomas, and 2 clear cell carcinomas). Additionally, immunostaining for Ki‐67 was performed in 90 malignant epithelial tumors.Results:The expression of AT1R and AT2R were significantly correlated with malignant potential of tumors (P< 0.001 andP< 0.001, respectively) and histological grade of malignant tumors (P< 0.001 andP= 0.001, respectively). However, there was no prognostic significance of AT1R and AT2R in ovarian carcinomas.Conclusion:Although the exact roles of angiotensin II receptor in the development of ovarian epithelial tumor is not clear, this study suggests that both AT1R and AT2R may involved in development and progression of ovarian epithelial tumors.
Allogeneic blood components
Authors: CARDIGAN REBECCA , MACLENNAN SHEILA 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYThere are no absolute recognized clinical indications for the transfusion of whole blood, and therefore blood is separated into its components (red cells, platelets and plasma) prior to transfusion. Blood components can be either produced from whole‐blood donations or collected directly from the donor by apheresis technology. In many countries, blood components are depleted of leukocytes prior to storage. There are several potential benefits of leukocyte depletion including reduced immune complications and transfusion transmission of some cell‐associated viruses [e.g. cytomegalovirus (CMV)]; however, in the UK a perceived benefit in terms of reducing the risk of transmission of variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (vCJD) was a key factor in recommending its implementation. In the developed world, the risk of blood components transmitting infection is low because of stringent donor selection and testing criteria. These risks can be reduced further by the use of pathogen inactivation systems. Systems are now licensed and in use in some European countries for pathogen inactivation of plasma and platelet components; systems for red cells are not yet available. Recently, filters designed to remove prion protein from red cells have been developed with the aim of reducing the risk of transmission of vCJD by blood, and these are under assessment in the UK. As yet, there are no filters available to remove prion protein from plasma, platelets or whole blood.
Assessment of alternative protection layers for a geomembrane – geosynthetic clay liner (GM–GCL) composite liner
Authors: Dickinson S. , Brachman R. W.I. 
Published: November 2008

A protection layer is required above geomembrane (GM) – geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) landfill liners to limit physical damage (GM strains and GCL thinning) from an overlying granular drainage layer. A 150 mm thick layer of sand has been found to provide excellent protection at a vertical pressure of 250 kPa. However, the use of sand may not be practical in many cases. Experimental results are presented where the effectiveness of alternate protection systems above one particular GM–GCL liner were examined with 50 mm coarse gravel at an applied vertical pressure of 250 kPa. A 150 mm thick layer of compacted clay and a 150 mm thick layer of rubber tire shreds with a nonwoven needle-punched geotextile (570 g/m2) were found to limit the geomembrane strains and GCL extrusion to acceptable levels. Layered geotextiles performed much better than single layers of geotextiles. A layered geocomposite, with a thick nonwoven needle-punched geotextile in the middle to provide cushioning and stiffer woven geotextiles on the top and bottom to carry tensile force, was able to limit the short term strain to less than 3%, but it was not able to prevent local thinning of the GCL because of the deformation required to mobilize force in the geotextiles.
Chemopreventive Effect of Kava on 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone plus Benzo[a]pyrene–Induced Lung Tumorigenesis in A/J Mice
Authors: Johnson Thomas E. , Kassie Fekadu , O'Sullivan M. Gerard , Negia Mesfin , Hanson Timothy E. , Upadhyaya Pramod , Ruvolo Peter P. , Hecht Stephen S. , Xing Chengguo 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, and chemoprevention is a potential strategy to help control this disease. Epidemiologic survey indicates that kava may be chemopreventive for lung cancer, but there is a concern about its potential hepatotoxicity. In this study, we evaluated whether oral kava could prevent 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) plus benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)–induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. We also studied the effect of kava to liver. At a dose of 10 mg/g diet, 30-week kava treatment (8 weeks concurrent with NNK and B[a]P treatment followed by 22 weeks post-carcinogen treatment) effectively reduced lung tumor multiplicity by 56%. Kava also reduced lung tumor multiplicity by 47% when administered concurrently with NNK and B[a]P for 8 weeks. Perhaps most importantly, kava reduced lung tumor multiplicity by 49% when administered after the final NNK and B[a]P treatment. These results show for the first time the chemopreventive potential of kava against lung tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, kava inhibited proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in lung tumors, as shown by a reduction in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), an increase in caspase-3, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Kava treatment also inhibited the activation of nuclear factor κBNF-κB, a potential upstream mechanism of kava chemoprevention. Although not rigorously evaluated in this study, our preliminary data were not suggestive of hepatotoxicity. Based on these results, further studies are warranted to explore the chemopreventive potential and safety of kava.
The Dietary Flavones Apigenin and Luteolin Impair Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and VEGF Expression through Inhibition of PDGFR-β Phosphorylation
Authors: Lamy Sylvie , Bédard Valérie , Labbé David , Sartelet Hervé , Barthomeuf Chantal , Gingras Denis , Béliveau Richard 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)–dependent recruitment of mural cells such as pericytes and smooth muscle cells plays a central role in the maturation and stabilization of newly formed vasculature during angiogenesis. In this work, we show that the dietary flavones apigenin and luteolin may interfere with this event through their inhibitory effect on PDGF-dependent phosphorylation of PDGF receptor β (PDGFR-β) in smooth muscle cells. Inhibition of PDGFR-β activity by apigenin and luteolin occurred at low concentrations of the molecules and resulted in the inhibition of extracellular signal–regulated kinase and Akt phosphorylation triggered by PDGF, as well as in a marked reduction of the migratory and invasive properties of these cells. Apigenin and luteolin also strongly inhibit the PDGF-dependent increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA levels and the secretion of VEGF by smooth muscle cells as well as vessel formation in the mouse Matrigel plug assay, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of both molecules on smooth muscle cell function result in impaired angiogenesis. Overall, these results identify apigenin and luteolin as dietary-derived inhibitors of PDGFR-β activity and suggest that this inhibitory effect may contribute to the chemopreventive properties of these molecules.
Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors Suppress Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor–Mediated Activation ofCYP1A1andCYP1B1Transcription and DNA Adduct Formation
Authors: Hughes Duncan , Guttenplan Joseph B. , Marcus Craig B. , Subbaramaiah Kotha , Dannenberg Andrew J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a client protein of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), plays a significant role in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)–induced carcinogenesis. Tobacco smoke, a source of PAHs, activates the AhR, leading to enhanced transcription of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, which encode proteins that convert PAHs to genotoxic metabolites. The main objectives of this study were to determine whether HSP90 inhibitors suppress PAH-mediated induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 or block benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P]–induced formation of DNA adducts. Treatment of cell lines derived from oral leukoplakia (MSK-Leuk1) or esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (KYSE450) with a saline extract of tobacco smoke, B(a)P, or dioxin induced CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 transcription, resulting in enhanced levels of message and protein. Inhibitors of HSP90 [17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG); celastrol] suppressed these inductive effects of PAHs. Treatment with 17-AAG and celastrol also caused a rapid and marked decrease in amounts of AhR protein without modulating levels of HSP90. The formation of B(a)P-induced DNA adducts in MSK-Leuk1 cells was inhibited by 17-AAG, celastrol, and α-naphthoflavone, a known AhR antagonist. The reduction in B(a)P-induced DNA adducts was due, at least in part, to reduced metabolic activation of B(a)P. Collectively, these results suggest that 17-AAG and celastrol, inhibitors of HSP90, suppress the activation of AhR-dependent gene expression, leading, in turn, to reduced formation of B(a)P-induced DNA adducts. Inhibitors of HSP90 may have a role in chemoprevention in addition to cancer therapy.
The Field of Tissue Injury in the Lung and Airway
Authors: Steiling Katrina , Ryan John , Brody Jerome S. , Spira Avrum 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The concept of field cancerization was first introduced over 6 decades ago in the setting of oral cancer. Later, field cancerization involving histologic and molecular changes of neoplasms and adjacent tissue began to be characterized in smokers with or without lung cancer. Investigators also described a diffuse, nonneoplastic field of molecular injury throughout the respiratory tract that is attributable to cigarette smoking and susceptibility to smoking-induced lung disease. The potential molecular origins of field cancerization and the field of injury following cigarette smoke exposure in lung and airway epithelia are critical to understanding their potential impact on clinical diagnostics and therapeutics for smoking-induced lung disease.
Introduction Bias, Prenegotiation and Leverage in Mediation
Authors: Zartman William 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAlthough analysts have long held that bias disqualifies a mediator, more recent analysis, pioneered by Saadia Touval, shows that bias can be quite helpful to mediation under the assumption that the mediator delivers the agreement of the party toward which it is biased. Of course, the mediator is still expected to be trustworthy in dealing with the parties and reliable in communications. Prenegotiation and diagnosis, probably the least analyzed early stages of negotiation, are shown to be crucial to a successful negotiation and the necessary preconditions to an efficient and effective process. Leverage, the term for “power” in negotiation, is a scarce resource and takes the form of effective persuasion rather than material inducements and punishments; it depends above all on the need of the conflicting parties for an agreement, which in turn depends on the attractiveness of their alternatives or security points (BATNAs).
Cyprus's Accession Negotiations to the European Union: Conditional Carrots, Good Faith, and Miscalculations
Authors: Ramming Saskia 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe European Union did not push forcefully for an intercommunal settlement that would reunite Cyprus as a prerequisite for EU accession. As a result, it gave away the carrot without tying it to an important condition. Several explanations are drawn from an analysis of processual and structural factors in the negotiation context.
A Private Matter? Evolving Approaches to the Freedom to Manifest Religious Convictions in the Workplace
Authors: Hambler Andrew 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe manifestation of religion is protected in the United Kingdom by human rights instruments and also, since 2003, by discrimination law. When religious faith is manifested in the workplace it potentially involves some clash with other rights, particularly an employer's freedom of contract. How far an employer is able to restrict its employees' freedom to manifest religion in pursuit of a 'legitimate aim' is therefore of great interest to employers and 'religious' employees alike. This article explores this issue by first categorising 'manifestation' into three forms and then surveying the jurisprudence relevant to each, considering most recent cases in greater detail. Although it is acknowledged that conclusions must be tentative, given the relatively recent innovation of the discrimination law provisions, evidence considered in this article points towards very little protection for employees to manifest their religious convictions except those aspects of what is referred to here as 'negative manifestation' which are most congruent with the private sphere—the so-called forum internum.