bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Chatter in Turning for Uniform and Stepped Workpieces
Authors: Yu S. D. , Shah V. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
This paper presents a method for predicting regenerative chatter onset conditions for uniform and stepped workpieces. The lateral deflections of flexible workpieces are modeled using the Timoshenko beam theory and three-node beam finite elements. The modal summation method is employed in conjunction with an adaptive remeshing scheme to determine the varying natural frequencies and varying mode shapes of workpieces during a cutting process, and to reduce the system equations of motion in terms of nodal variables to coupled equations of motion in terms of the modal coordinates. Various simulations were conducted and presented in this paper for understanding the gyroscopic and cross-coupling effect, and effects of other system and cutting process parameters on chatter onset conditions. Six experiments were carried out on an engine lathe for three uniform and three stepped workpieces to verify the theoretical chatter onset conditions. Good agreement in chatter onset conditions was observed between the simulations and the experiments.
Incremental tensor analysis
Authors: Sun Jimeng , Tao Dacheng , Papadimitriou Spiros , Yu Philip S. , Faloutsos Christos 
Published: October 2008

How do we find patterns in author-keyword associations, evolving over time? Or in data cubes (tensors), with product-branchcustomer sales information? And more generally, how to summarize high-order data cubes (tensors)? How to incrementally update these patterns over time? Matrix decompositions, like principal component analysis (PCA) and variants, are invaluable tools for mining, dimensionality reduction, feature selection, rule identification in numerous settings like streaming data, text, graphs, social networks, and many more settings. However, they have only two orders (i.e., matrices, like author and keyword in the previous example).
We propose to envision such higher-order data as tensors, and tap the vast literature on the topic. However, these methods do not necessarily scale up, let alone operate on semi-infinite streams. Thus, we introduce a general framework, incremental tensor analysis (ITA), which efficiently computes a compact summary for high-order and high-dimensional data, and also reveals the hidden correlations. Three variants of ITA are presented: (1) dynamic tensor analysis (DTA); (2) streaming tensor analysis (STA); and (3) window-based tensor analysis (WTA). In paricular, we explore several fundamental design trade-offs such as space efficiency, computational cost, approximation accuracy, time dependency, and model complexity.
We implement all our methods and apply them in several real settings, such as network anomaly detection, multiway latent semantic indexing on citation networks, and correlation study on sensor measurements. Our empirical studies show that the proposed methods are fast and accurate and that they find interesting patterns and outliers on the real datasets.
QVM
Authors: Arnold Matthew , Vechev Martin , Yahav Eran 
Published: October 2008

Coping with software defects that occur in the post-deployment stage is a challenging problem: bugs may occur only when the system uses a specific configuration and only under certain usage scenarios. Nevertheless, halting production systems until the bug is tracked and fixed is often impossible. Thus, developers have to try to reproduce the bug in laboratory conditions. Often the reproduction of the bug consists of the lion share of the debugging effort.

In this paper we suggest an approach to address the aforementioned problem by using a specialized runtime environment (QVM, for
Quality Virtual Machine
). QVM efficiently detects defects by continuously monitoring the execution of the application in a production setting. QVM enables the efficient checking of violations of user-specified correctness properties, e.g., typestate safety properties, Java assertions, and heap properties pertaining to ownership.

QVM is markedly different from existing techniques for continuous monitoring by using a novel overhead manager which enforces a user-specified overhead budget for quality checks. Existing tools for error detection in the field usually disrupt the operation of the deployed system. QVM, on the other hand, provides a balanced trade off between the cost of the monitoring process and the maintenance of sufficient accuracy for detecting defects. Specifically, the overhead cost of using QVM instead of a standard JVM, is low enough to be acceptable in production environments.
We implemented QVM on top of IBM's J9 Java Virtual Machine and used it to detect and fix various errors in real-world applications.
Enabling static analysis for partial java programs
Authors: Dagenais Barthélémy , Hendren Laurie 
Published: October 2008

Software engineering tools often deal with the source code of programs retrieved from the web or source code repositories. Typically, these tools only have access to a subset of a program's source code (one file or a subset of files) which makes it difficult to build a complete and typed intermediate representation (IR). Indeed, for incomplete object-oriented programs, it is not always possible to completely disambiguate the syntactic constructs and to recover the declared type of certain expressions because the declaration of many types and class members are not accessible.
We present a framework that performs partial type inference and uses heuristics to recover the declared type of expressions and resolve ambiguities in partial Java programs. Our framework produces a complete and typed IR suitable for further static analysis. We have implemented this framework and used it in an empirical study on four large open source systems which shows that our system recovers most declared types with a low error rate, even when only one class is accessible.
An improved DFA for fast regular expression matching
Authors: Ficara Domenico , Giordano Stefano , Procissi Gregorio , Vitucci Fabio , Antichi Gianni , Di Pietro Andrea 
Published: October 2008

Modern network devices need to perform deep packet inspection at high speed for security and application-specific services. Finite Automata (FAs) are used to implement regular expressions matching, but they require a large amount of memory. Many recent works have proposed improvements to address this issue.
This paper presents a new representation for deterministic finite automata (orthogonal to previous solutions), called Delta Finite Automata (δFA), which considerably reduces states and transitions and requires a transition per character only, thus allowing fast matching. Moreover, a new state encoding scheme is proposed and the comprehensive algorithm is tested for use in the packet classification area.
Development and Testing of Canada-Wide Interpolated Spatial Models of Daily Minimum–Maximum Temperature and Precipitation for 1961–2003
Authors: Hutchinson Michael F. , McKenney Dan W. , Lawrence Kevin , Pedlar John H. , Hopkinson Ron F. , Milewska Ewa , Papadopol Pia 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The application of trivariate thin-plate smoothing splines to the interpolation of daily weather data is investigated. The method was used to develop spatial models of daily minimum and maximum temperature and daily precipitation for all of Canada, at a spatial resolution of 300 arc s of latitude and longitude, for the period 1961–2003. Each daily model was optimized automatically by minimizing the generalized cross validation. The fitted trivariate splines incorporated a spatially varying dependence on ground elevation and were able to adapt automatically to the large variation in station density over Canada. Extensive quality control measures were performed on the source data. Error estimates for the fitted surfaces based on withheld data across southern Canada were comparable to, or smaller than, errors obtained by daily interpolation studies elsewhere with denser data networks. Mean absolute errors in daily maximum and minimum temperature averaged over all years were 1.1° and 1.6°C, respectively. Daily temperature extremes were also well matched. Daily precipitation is challenging because of short correlation length scales, the preponderance of zeros, and significant error associated with measurement of snow. A two-stage approach was adopted in which precipitation occurrence was estimated and then used in conjunction with a surface of positive precipitation values. Daily precipitation occurrence was correctly predicted 83% of the time. Withheld errors in daily precipitation were small, with mean absolute errors of 2.9 mm, although these were relatively large in percentage terms. However, mean percent absolute errors in seasonal and annual precipitation totals were 14% and 9%, respectively, and seasonal precipitation upper 95th percentiles were attenuated on average by 8%. Precipitation and daily maximum temperatures were most accurately interpolated in the autumn, consistent with the large well-organized synoptic systems that prevail in this season. Daily minimum temperatures were most accurately interpolated in summer. The withheld data tests indicate that the models can be used with confidence across southern Canada in applications that depend on daily temperature and accumulated seasonal and annual precipitation. They should be used with care in applications that depend critically on daily precipitation extremes.
Variability of Local Structure Parameters in the Convective Boundary Layer
Authors: Cheinet Sylvain , Siebesma A. Pier 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The propagation of optical and acoustical waves is affected by the atmospheric turbulence through the local instantaneous refractive index structure parameter in a volume of characteristic size r, denoted Cn,r2. Often r is well within the inertial–convective range. In this study, a large-eddy simulation (LES) of spatial resolution Δ is used to analyze the distribution of Cn,Δ2 in the convective boundary layer. The local formulation used to calculate Cn,Δ2 is described and is found to back up the subgrid parameterization of atmospheric LES.
The mean vertical profile behaves according to the mixed layer similarity theory. The spatial organization relates to the presence of buoyant ascending plumes. This structure is associated with some bimodal probability density functions of the inertial–convective range variables, in agreement with experimental results. The standard model of jointly lognormal statistics is challenged. The intermittency of these variables is characterized, and its inertial–convective range component quantitatively agrees with experimental estimates.
The present LES results are used to document the bias produced by averaging the dissipation rates of TKE and temperature variance to estimate the average structure parameters. Comparing with nonconvective turbulence measurements, the bias for CT,r2 is found to depend on the stability. A physical explanation is offered that emphasizes the role of the large-scale turbulence under convective conditions.
A Critical Examination of the Observed First Aerosol Indirect Effect
Authors: Shao Hongfei , Liu Guosheng 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The relative change in cloud droplet number concentration with respect to the relative change in aerosol number concentration, α, is an indicator of the strength of the aerosol indirect effect and is commonly used in models to parameterize this effect. Based on Twomey’s analytical expression, the values of α derived from measurements of an individual cloud (i.e., αT) can be as large as 0.60–0.90. In contrast, the values of α derived from direct measurements of polluted and clean clouds (i.e., αΔ) typically range from 0.25 to 0.85, corresponding to a weaker but more uncertain cooling effect. Clearly, reconciling αΔ with αT is necessary to properly calculate the indirect aerosol forcing. In this study, the terms that are involved in determining αT and αΔ are first analytically examined. Then, by analyzing satellite data over subtropical oceans, the satellite-observed αΔ can be successfully related to Twomey’s analytical solution. It is found that except for the dust-influenced region of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, injecting continental aerosols into a marine background may significantly reduce the average aerosols’ ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei. Taking this competing effect into account may reduce the cooling effect proposed by Twomey from 0.76 to 0.28. It is also found that the variability of the adiabaticity (i.e., the cloud dilution state with respect to adiabatic cloud) among different clouds accounts for ∼50% uncertainty in αΔ. Based on these results, the authors explain the claimed discrepancies in the first aerosol indirect effect (AIE) from different methods and on different scales and present an improved parameterization of the first AIE that can be used in global climate models.
Evaluation of the Daylight Cycle of Model-Predicted Cloud Amount and Condensed Water Path over Europe with Observations from MSG SEVIRI
Authors: Roebeling R. A. , van Meijgaard E. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The evaluation of the diurnal cycle of cloud amount (CA) and cloud condensed water path (CWP) as predicted by climate models receives relatively little attention, mostly because of the lack of observational data capturing the diurnal cycle of such quantities. The Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) onboard the geostationary Meteosat-8 satellite is the first instrument able to provide accurate information on diurnal cycles during daylight hours of cloud properties over land and ocean surfaces. This paper evaluates the daylight cycle of CA and CWP as predicted by the Regional Atmospheric Climate Model version 2 (RACMO2), using corresponding SEVIRI retrievals. The study is done for Europe using hourly cloud properties retrievals from SEVIRI during the summer months from May to September 2004.
The results of this study show that SEVIRI-retrieved daylight cycles of CA and CWP provide a powerful tool for identifying climate model deficiencies. Over Europe the SEVIRI retrievals of cloud condensed water paths comprise about 80% liquid water and about 20% ice water. The daylight cycles of CA and CWP from SEVIRI show large spatial variations in their mean values and time of daily maximum and daytime-normalized amplitude. In general, RACMO2 overestimates CWP by about 30% and underestimates CA by about 20% as compared to SEVIRI. The largest amplitudes are observed in the Mediterranean and northern Africa. For the greater part of the ocean and coastal areas the time of daily maximum CWP is found during morning, whereas over land this maximum is found after local solar noon. These features are reasonably well captured by RACMO2. In the Mediterranean and continental Europe RACMO2 tends to predict maximum CWP associated with convection to occur about two hours earlier than SEVIRI indicates.
Observations of Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer Transitions across the Summer Kuroshio Extension*
Authors: Tanimoto Youichi , Xie Shang-Ping , Kai Kohei , Okajima Hideki , Tokinaga Hiroki , Murayama Toshiyuki , Nonaka Masami , Nakamura Hisashi 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The baiu and Kuroshio Extension (KE) fronts, both zonally oriented and nearly collocated east of Japan, are the dominant summertime features of the atmosphere and ocean, respectively, over the midlatitude northwest Pacific. An atmospheric sounding campaign was conducted on board the R/V Roger Revelle during the 2005 summer. Transects of soundings across the KE front are analyzed to study its effects on the atmosphere, along with continuous surface meteorological and ceilometer cloud-base observations. While the KE front remained nearly stationary during the cruise, the baiu front displayed large meridional displacements that changed wind direction across the KE front. The presence of sharp sea surface temperature (SST) gradients anchored by the KE enhanced the thermal and moisture advection, causing substantial changes in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) structure. When the baiu front was displaced north of the KE front, southwesterly winds advected warm, humid air from the subtropics over the cold water, producing a surface inversion favorable to fog formation. When the baiu front was to the south, on the other hand, northerly winds across the KE front destabilized the MABL, leading to the formation of a solid low-cloud deck beneath a strong capping inversion. The wind changes with the meridional displacement of the baiu front thus caused large variations in near-surface atmospheric stability and surface turbulent heat fluxes, with potential feedback on deep convection and fog/low-cloud formation around the front.
Two Types of El Niño Events: Cold Tongue El Niño and Warm Pool El Niño
Authors: Kug Jong-Seong , Jin Fei-Fei , An Soon-Il 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
In this study, two types of El Niño events are classified based on spatial patterns of the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly. One is the cold tongue (CT) El Niño, which can be regarded as the conventional El Niño, and the other the warm pool (WP) El Niño. The CT El Niño is characterized by relatively large SST anomalies in the Niño-3 region (5°S–5°N, 150°–90°W), while the WP El Niño is associated with SST anomalies mostly confined to the Niño-4 region (5°S–5°N, 160°E–150°W). In addition, spatial patterns of many atmospheric and oceanic variables are also distinctively different for the two types of El Niño events. Furthermore, the difference in the transition mechanism between the two types of El Niño is clearly identified. That is, the discharge process of the equatorial heat content associated with the WP El Niño is not efficient owing to the spatial structure of SST anomaly; as a result, it cannot trigger a cold event. It is also demonstrated that zonal advective feedback (i.e., zonal advection of mean SST by anomalous zonal currents) plays a crucial role in the development of a decaying SST anomaly associated with the WP El Niño, while thermocline feedback is a key process during the CT El Niño.
Lateral Circulation in Well-Mixed and Stratified Estuarine Flows with Curvature
Authors: Nidzieko Nicholas J. , Hench James L. , Monismith Stephen G. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to examine stratified and unstratified curvature-generated lateral circulation and momentum balances in an estuarine tidal channel. Conductivity, temperature, depth, and current profiler data were collected vertically and laterally across the channel at a sharp bend over a fortnightly period to measure the terms of the lateral momentum budget. Well-mixed conditions allow the development of classic two-layer helical flow around a bend. Stratification strengthens curvature-induced lateral circulation, but the development of a lateral baroclinic pressure gradient opposes the resultant motions. The spatial and temporal response of this baroclinic pressure gradient is different than centrifugal acceleration, producing a three-layer profile. As the baroclinic term becomes stronger (or as centrifugal acceleration disappears as the flow exits the bend), two-layer flow with the opposite direction from curvature occurs. In both stratified and well-mixed conditions, downstream adjustment of lateral circulation (nonlinear advective acceleration) is of leading order in the lateral momentum budget; the depth-averaged term adjusts the streamline direction, while vertical deviations from the depth average account for changes in lateral circulation. The asymmetry of forcing mechanisms on flood and ebb, because of variations in stratification and strength of tidal flow, can strongly affect net lateral transport and generation of residual currents in regions of curvature.
Current Concepts in Instrumented Knee-Laxity Testing
Authors: Pugh Luke , Mascarenhas Randy , Arneja Shalinder , Chin Patrick Y. K. , Leith Jordan M. 
Published: October 2008

Background Instrumented knee laxity testing devices have been used in both the clinical and research setting to evaluate persons with injuries about the knee. The ability to accurately and reproducibly quantify knee motion has the potential to greatly benefit both clinical practice and research by improving the validity of the research involving treatment of knee-ligament injuries. Study Design Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods A thorough literature review was performed, and a systematic overview is provided evaluating the methods of use and the evidence for the use of instrumented knee laxity testing devices. Results Devices that provide measurements of knee laxity have evolved during the past 30 years. The authors describe in detail their proper use and the best estimates of their validity based on clinical studies. Conclusion The review suggests that the KT-1000 knee arthrometer and the Rolimeter provide best results when testing anterior laxity at the knee, whereas the Telos device is superior for the assessment of posterior laxity.
Identification and characterization of domains responsible for self-assembly and cell wall binding of the surface layer protein of Lactobacillus brevisATCC 8287
Authors: Åvall-Jääskeläinen Silja , Hynönen Ulla , Ilk Nicola , Pum Dietmar , Sleytr Uwe B , Palva Airi 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

Background

Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 8287 is covered by a regular surface (S-) layer consisting of a 435 amino acid protein SlpA. This protein is completely unrelated in sequence to the previously characterized S-layer proteins of Lactobacillus acidophilus group.

Results
In this work, the self-assembly and cell wall binding domains of SlpA were characterized. The C-terminal self-assembly domain encompassed residues 179–435 of mature SlpA, as demonstrated by the ability of N-terminally truncated recombinant SlpA to form a periodic structure indistinguishable from that formed by full length SlpA. Furthermore, a trypsin degradation analysis indicated the existence of a protease resistant C-terminal domain of 214 amino acids. By producing a set of C-terminally truncated recombinant SlpA (rSlpA) proteins the cell wall binding region was mapped to the N-terminal part of SlpA, where the first 145 amino acids of mature SlpA alone were sufficient for binding to isolated cell wall fragments of L. brevis ATCC 8287. The binding of full length rSlpA to the cell walls was not affected by the treatment of the walls with 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), indicating that cell wall structures other than teichoic acids are involved, a feature not shared by the Lactobacillus acidophilus group S-layer proteins characterized so far. Conserved carbohydrate binding motifs were identified in the positively charged N-terminal regions of six Lactobacillus brevis S-layer proteins.

Conclusion
This study identifies SlpA as a two-domain protein in which the order of the functional domains is reversed compared to other characterized Lactobacillus S-layer proteins, and emphasizes the diversity of potential cell wall receptors despite similar carbohydrate binding sequence motifs in Lactobacillus S-layer proteins.