bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE FUTURE ROLE OF THE LAW
Authors: Grunfeld Cyril 
Published: October 2007

Summary1. All individual labour relations disputes arising out of breach of contract of employment including unfair dismissal should be capable of being settled by the relatively rapid, inexpensive and informal procedures of the industrial tribunals with further appeal on points of law;2. The minimum condition of legal recognition for the closed shop should be the effective strengthening in law of protection for the individual union member or prospective member, subject to discretion concerning ‘disruptists7rsquo;3. In the central area of collective labour relations, the following policy suggestions are made:a) criminal or civil sanctions against individual employees are impractical and best forgotten. Sanctions can only be realistically considered in relation to leaders and organisations;b) the objective for a rational law of strike action (or other forms of direct action) should be limited if it is to be realistic, i.e., not the chopping down of managerial or trade union or shop floor power but insistence on a reasonable degree of orderliness and time for second thoughts in the run up to direct action;c) it is an ancient truth that only fair and reasonable laws will command respect. Disputes procedures are a kind of quasi‐law. To command respect and to justify sanctions for its breach, a disputes procedure should be independently certificated as fair and reasonable in accordance with modern labour relations standards. The C.I.R. is at present the obvious body in which to vest this certificating power;d) where adequate procedures and principles are provided by the law to deal with an identified class of industrial dispute, the use of private power, including private collective power, to impose a solution should be legally discouraged.
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION AND FINANCIAL INNOVATION IN A CHARACTERISTICS FRAMEWORK
Authors: Blake David 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper shows that the characteristics model provides a unifying framework for analysing both financial intermediation and the process of financial innovation. The role of the financial intermediary is to buy‐in the primary liabilities of the firm, unbundle and repackage the characteristics contained in them and issue a set of ultimate assets to households. Assets exist because the balance between the supply of and demand for asset characteristics indicates an interior equilibrium. Financial innovations arise whenever changes in supply and demand induce movements from a corner solution to the interior. A number of existing explanations of financial innovation can be expressed using this framework.
SATELLITE TELEVISION AND THE DEMAND FOR FOOTBALL: A WHOLE NEW BALL GAME?
Authors: Baimbridge Mark , Cameron Samuel , Dawson Peter 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA recent development in the UK television industry has been the emergence of satellite coverage of sporting events. This paper examines the relationship between broadcasting and football, culminating in the 1992 joint BBC and BSkyB contract to televise the English Premier League. A demand function is estimated which exteds the familiar model of attendance to incorporate television together with quadratic functions. We find that, although live transmission reduces attendance, the net financial consequences are positive for Premier League teams. Moreover, significant estimators are found for the quadratic functions of pricel earnings, distance, seasonal trend and length of Premier League status.
THE REGIONAL AGGLOMERATION IMPACAT OF JUST‐I‐TIME INPUT LINLAGES: EVIDENCE FROM THE SCOTTISH ELECTONICS INDUSTRY
Authors: McCann Philop , Fingleton Bernard 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThere is no clear consensus as yet concerning the possible regional agglomeration impacts of Japanese Just‐In‐Time manufacturing techniques. This paper attempts to provide a theoretical structure to discussing such questions and then uses a logit model to analyse evidence from the Scottish Electronics Industry. The results provide support to the suggestion not only that the adoption of such techniques within the UK will encourage the shortening of input linkages, but also that this phenmenon is not restricted purely to the case of the automotive industry.
Un Estat de Prelacie: Church and Crown in England under Winchelsey and Reynolds
Authors: McDONALD PETER 
Published: October 2007

J. H. Denton: Robert Winchelsey and the Crown, 1294–1313: A Study in the Defence of Ecclesiastical Liberty.J. R. Wright: The Church and the English Crown, 1305–1344: A Study Based on the Register of Archbiship Walter Reynolds.
Diagnostic specificity and nonspecificity in the dimensions of preschool psychopathology
Authors: Sterba Sonya , Egger Helen L. , Angold Adrian 
Published: October 2007

Background:  The appropriateness of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) nosology for classifying preschool mental health disturbances continues to be debated. To inform this debate, we investigate whether preschool psychopathology shows differentiation along diagnostically specific lines when DSM‐IV symptoms are aggregated statistically.Methods:  One thousand seventy‐three parents of preschoolers aged 2–5 years attending a large pediatric clinic completed the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5–5. A stratified probability sample of 193 parents of high scorers and 114 parents of low scorers were interviewed with the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on symptoms from seven DSM disorders.Results:  Comparison of competing models supported the differentiation of emotional syndromes into three factors: social phobia (SOC), separation anxiety (SAD), and depression/generalized anxiety (MDD/GAD), and the differentiation of disruptive syndromes into three factors: oppositional defiant/conduct syndrome (ODD/CD), hyperactivity/impulsivity, and inattention. Latent syndrome correlations were moderately high after accounting for symptom overlap and measurement error.Conclusions:  Psychopathology appears to be differentiated among preschoolers much as it is among older children, and adolescents. We conclude that it is as reasonable to apply the DSM‐IV nosology to preschoolers as it is to apply it to older individuals.
Unresolved maternal attachment representations, disrupted maternal behavior and disorganized attachment in infancy: links to toddler behavior problems
Authors: Madigan Sheri , Moran Greg , Schuengel Carlo , Pederson David R. , Otten Roy 
Published: October 2007

Background: Attachment theory's original formulation was substantially driven byBowlby's (1969/1982)quest for a meaningful model of the development of psychopathology. Bowlby posited that aberrant experiences of parenting increase the child's risk of psychopathological outcomes, and that these risks are mediated by the quality of the attachment relationship. To empirically examine this hypothesis, the current study explores the associations between the development of toddler behavior problems and a) maternal unresolved attachment representations, b) maternal interactive behavior, and c) infant attachment relationships. Second, we test the mediating role of disorganized attachment in the association between disruptive behavior and toddler behavior problems, as well as unresolved attachment and behavior problems.Method: Sixty‐four adolescent mother–infant dyads participated in this longitudinal study. The Adult Attachment Interview was administered at 6 months, the Strange Situation procedure was conducted at 12 months, disrupted behavior was assessed during play interactions at 12 months using the AMBIANCE measure, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to assess behavior problems at 24 months of age.Results: Maternal reports of externalizing problems were significantly associated with unresolved representations of attachment, disrupted maternal behavior, and disorganized attachment. Inclusion of these variables in a path analytic model suggested that disorganized attachment mediated the associations between disrupted maternal behavior and externalizing problems. Although the association between unresolved attachment representations and externalizing problems was no longer significant when mediation by disrupted behavior and disorganized attachment was taken into account, this indirect pathway was not significant.Conclusions: The results are consistent withBowlby's (1969/1982)original conceptualization of the explanatory role of the attachment relationship in the development and manifestation of behavioral maladaptation. Effects of unresolved attachment on externalizing problems await further explanation.
Effects of incentive on working memory capacity: Behavioral and pupillometric data
Authors: Heitz Richard P. , Schrock Josef C. , Payne Tabitha W. , Engle Randall W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe evaluated the hypothesis that individual differences in working memory capacity are explained by variation in mental effort, persons with low capacity exerting less effort than persons with high capacity. Groups previously rated high and low in working memory capacity performed the reading span task under three levels of incentive. The effort hypothesis holds that low span subjects exert less effort during task performance than do high spans. Subjects' pupil sizes were recorded online during task performance as a measure of mental effort. Both recall performance and pupil diameter were found to be increased under incentives, but were additive with span (incentives increased performance and pupil diameter equivalently for both span groups). Contrary to the effort hypothesis, task‐evoked pupillary responses indicated that if anything, low span subjects exert more effort than do high spans.
Modes of memory: Early electrophysiological markers of repetition suppression and recognition enhancement predict behavioral performance
Authors: Busch Niko A. , Groh‐Bordin Christian , Zimmer Hubert D. , Herrmann Christoph S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDifferent forms of perceptual memory have opposite physiological effects. Whereas repetition priming often leads to suppression of brain responses, explicit recognition has been found to enhance brain activity. We investigated effects of repetition priming and recognition memory on early gamma‐band responses. In a study phase, participants performed a visual discrimination task with task‐irrelevant item repetitions. Stimulus repetition suppressed early evoked gamma responses in participants with strong behavioral repetition effects. In a test phase, participants discriminated old from new items. Evoked and induced gamma activity was enhanced for old items. Effects were stronger in participants with better recognition performance. The results demonstrate a modulation of earliest stages of visual information processing by different memory systems, which is dependent on retrieval intention and predicts individual behavioral performance.
Neurocognitive components of the behavioral inhibition and activation systems: Implications for theories of self‐regulation
Authors: Amodio David M. , Master Sarah L. , Yee Cindy M. , Taylor Shelley E. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe examined the neurocognitive correlates of the Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Systems (BIS/BAS) in an effort to clarify ambiguities concerning interpretations of BIS as reflecting inhibition versus avoidance. We hypothesized that self‐reported BIS should relate to neural mechanisms associated with conflict monitoring, whereas self‐reported BAS should be associated with neural correlates of approach motivation. Consistent with these predictions, higher self‐reported BIS was uniquely related to the N2 event‐related potential on No‐Go trials of a Go/No‐Go task, linking BIS with conflict monitoring and sensitivity to No‐Go cues. Higher BAS was uniquely related to greater left‐sided baseline frontal cortical asymmetry associated with approach orientation. Implications for theories of self‐regulation involving conflict monitoring, cognitive control, and approach/avoidance motivation are discussed.
Hydroxylated serotonin and dopamine as substrates and inhibitors for human cytosolic SULT1A3
Authors: Yasuda Shin , Liu Ming‐Yih , Suiko Masahito , Sakakibara Yoichi , Liu Ming‐Cheh 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSulfation as catalyzed by the cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) is known to play an important role in the regulation and homeostasis of monoamine neurotransmitters. The current study was designed to examine the occurrence of the sulfation of 7‐hydroxyserotonin and 6‐hydroxydopamine by human cytosolic SULTs and to investigate the inhibitory effects of these hydroxylated derivatives on the sulfation of their unhydroxylated counterparts, serotonin and dopamine. A systematic study using 11 known human cytosolic SULTs revealed SULT1A3 as the responsible enzyme for the sulfation of 7‐hydroxyserotonin and 6‐hydroxydopamine. The pH‐dependence and kinetic constants of SULT1A3 with 7‐hydroxyserotonin or 6‐hydroxydopamine as substrate were determined. The inhibitory effects of 7‐hydroxyserotonin and 6‐hydroxydopamine on the sulfation of serotonin and dopamine were evaluated. Kinetic analyses indicated that the mechanism underlying the inhibition by these hydroxylated monoamine derivatives is of a competitive‐type. Metabolic labeling experiments showed the generation and release of [35S]sulfated 7‐hydroxyserotonin and [35S]sulfated 6‐hydroxydopamine when SK‐N‐MC human neuroblastoma cells were labeled with [35S]sulfate in the presence of 7‐hydroxyserotonin or 6‐hydroxydopamine. Upon transfection of the cells with siRNAs targeted at SULT1A3, diminishment of the SULT1A3 protein and concomitantly the sulfating activity toward these hydroxylated monoamines was observed. Taken together, these results indicated clearly the involvement of sulfation in the metabolism of 7‐hydroxyserotonin and 6‐hydroxydopamine. By serving as substrates for SULT1A3, these hydroxylated monoamines may interfere with the homeostasis of endogenous serotonin and dopamine.
Testing candidate plant barcode regions in the Myristicaceae
Authors: NEWMASTER S. G. , FAZEKAS A. J. , STEEVES R. A. D. , JANOVEC J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe concept and practice of DNA barcoding have been designed as a system to facilitate species identification and recognition. The primary challenge for barcoding plants has been to identify a suitable region on which to focus the effort. The slow relative nucleotide substitution rates of plant mitochondria and the technical issues with the use of nuclear regions have focused attention on several proposed regions in the plastid genome. One of the challenges for barcoding is to discriminate closely related or recently evolved species. The Myristicaceae, or nutmeg family, is an older group within the angiosperms that contains some recently evolved species providing a challenging test for barcoding plants. The goal of this study is to determine the relative utility of six coding (Universal Plastid Amplicon — UPA, rpoB, rpoc1, accD, rbcL, matK) and one noncoding (trnH‐psbA) chloroplast loci for barcoding in the genus Compsoneura using both single region and multiregion approaches. Five of the regions we tested were predominantly invariant across species (UPA, rpoB, rpoC1, accD, rbcL). Two of the regions (matK and trnH‐psbA) had significant variation and show promise for barcoding in nutmegs. We demonstrate that a two‐gene approach utilizing a moderately variable region (matK) and a more variable region (trnH‐psbA) provides resolution among all the Compsonuera species we sampled including the recently evolved C. sprucei and C. mexicana. Our classification analyses based on nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination, suggest that the use of two regions results in a decreased range of intraspecific variation relative to the distribution of interspecific divergence with 95% of the samples correctly identified in a sequence identification analysis.
Microsatellite markers for the Eucalyptus stem canker fungal pathogen Kirramyces gauchensis
Authors: CORTINAS M. N. , WINGFIELD B. D. , WINGFIELD M. J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTen microsatellite markers were developed for the fungus Kirramyces gauchensis, which causes an important stem canker disease of Eucalyptus trees in plantations. Primers for 21 microsatellite regions were designed from cloned fragments. Fourteen of the primer pairs provided single amplicons and 10 of these were polymorphic for K. gauchensis. Allelic diversity ranged from 0.21 to 0.76 with a total of 30 alleles. None of the markers was able to amplify in the phylogenetically distinct but morphologically similar species Kirramyces zuluensis. The 10 characterized polymorphic microsatellite regions will be studied to determine the population structure of K. gauchensis in plantations of different countries.
A multi‐objective customer orders assignment and resource leveling in make‐to‐order manufacturing
Authors: Sawik Tadeusz 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper presents integer programming formulations and compares two approaches – weighting and lexicographic – to the multi‐objective, long‐term production scheduling in make‐to‐order manufacturing, where both maximization of customer service level and best utilization of production resources are integrated in the objective function. The problem objective is to assign customer orders for various product types and with various due dates to planning periods and to select machines for assignment in every period to complete all the orders with minimum numbers of tardy and early orders and with a leveled machine assignment over a planning horizon. The two approaches are applied to optimize long‐term production schedules in a flexible flowshop with parallel machines. Numerical examples modeled after a real‐world flexible assembly line in the electronics industry are provided and some computational results are reported.
Modelling CAP Decoupling in the EU: A Comparison of Selected Simulation Models and Results
Authors: Balkhausen Oliver , Banse Martin , Grethe Harald 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis article reviews ways of representing the effects of decoupling in the European Union (EU) on land allocation and production in eight selected simulation models (AGLINK, AG‐MEMOD, CAPRI, CAPSIM, ESIM, FAPRI, GOAL and GTAP). It then compares the simulated effects of decoupling and traces them back to the model specifications and parameter assumptions. In particular, roughage is not included in most models, so that changes in ruminant production are not necessarily consistent with the changes in fodder area. Models also differ in the extent to which they reflect the substitution possibilities in ruminant feeds.Notwithstanding the considerable differences in model types and specifications, all the studies considered here predict that as a result of decoupling, areas allocated to cereals (and silage maize) and beef and sheep production in the EU‐15 will decline, while fodder area will increase. Differences in the projections about pasture, oilseed and set‐aside areas can be attributed to different model or scenario specifications. The most important factor affecting the results is the extent to which the models assume that the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2003 Reform (regarding Single Farm Payments) involves a substantial decoupling of support compared with the baseline (Agenda 2000) policy.
The Variable Response of Agricultural Supply to World Price Instability in Developing Countries
Authors: Subervie Julie 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper analyses the effect of world price instability on the agricultural supply from developing countries and determines to what extent this effect is dependent upon the macroeconomic environment. Producers from agricultural commodity‐exporting countries are particularly vulnerable to the fluctuations of world prices: they are widely exposed to price shocks and have little ability to cope with them. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of risk‐coping strategies is conditioned by the influence of macroeconomic factors (infrastructure, inflation and financial deepening). Thus country‐specific price indices are established, and the response of production indices to price instability indices is estimated by using a panel model including macroeconomic variables which interact with price instability. Such analysis is based on a sample of 25 countries between 1961 and 2002. The results highlight a significant negative effect of the world price instability on supply, and further show that high inflation, weak infrastructure and a poorly developed financial system exacerbate this effect.
The Cost Effects of Government‐Subsidised Credit: Evidence from Farmers’ Credit Unions in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Hung‐Jen , Chang Ching‐Cheng , Chen Po‐Chi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe investigate government‐subsidised credit effects on participating financial institutions’ performance in terms of cost efficiency. Using farmers’ credit unions in Taiwan as an example, we find that credit unions’ cost inefficiency is positively correlated with the extent of involvement in subsidy programmes. The results are robust to the control of local competition and labour quality. In addition to the stochastic frontier models from which we obtain the main results, we also propose a new distribution‐free estimation method based on quantile regressions. Results of this study point out that, when evaluating the social costs of the credit programmes, it is important to take into account the efficiency loss generated among financial intermediaries by credit subsidy programmes.
Cutaneous stem cells: something new and something borrowed
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , Fu Xiaobing , Sheng Zhiyong 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTStem cells are cells that, upon division, produce new stem cells as well as daughter cells that initiate differentiation along a specific lineage. The epidermis is a rapidly self‐renewing tissue. The epidermis maintains homeostasis by constant proliferation of the basal layer of rapidly dividing progeny of stem cells—epidermal stem cells. However, the diversity between epithelial functions in different organs makes it difficult to determine whether common properties exist in regulating these related epidermal stem cells. Recently, studies have confirmed that adult stem cells reside in specific niches. Signals emanating from the niche regulate stem cell self‐renewal, survival, and maintenance; surrounding support microenvironment and cell–cell adhesion between stem cells and surrounding support cells also contribute to these cells' remarkable behavior. In addition, a combination of localized signaling pathways and autonomously acting proteins has proved to contribute to skin stem cells' proliferation and asymmetric divisions. In this paper, we focus on comparing several kinds of stem cells in the epidermis, signaling influences of the stem cell and its niche in actively self‐renewing epithelia, and introducing something new and something borrowed.