bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confidentiality and integrity for data aggregation in WSN using peer monitoring
Authors: Di Pietro Roberto , Michiardi Pietro , Molva Refik 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHop‐by‐hop data aggregation is a very important technique used to reduce the communication overhead and energy expenditure of sensor nodes during the process of data collection in a wireless sensor network (WSN). However, the unattended nature of WSNs calls for data aggregation techniques to be secure. Indeed, sensor nodes can be compromised to mislead the base station (BS) by injecting bogus data into the network during both forwarding and aggregation of data. Moreover, data aggregation might increase the risk of confidentiality violations: If sensors close to the BS are corrupted, an adversary could easily access to the results of the ‘in network’ computation performed by the WSN. Further, nodes can also fail due to random and non‐malicious causes (e.g., battery exhaustion), hence availability should be considered as well.In this paper we tackle the above issues that affect data aggregation techniques by proposing a mechanism that: (i)provides both confidentiality and integrity of the aggregated data so that for any compromised sensor in the WSN the information acquired could only reveal the readings performed by a small, constant number of neighboring sensors of the compromised one; (ii) detects bogus data injection attempts; (iii) provides high resilience to sensor failures. Our protocol is based on the concept of delayed aggregation and peer monitoring and requires local interactions only. Hence, it is highly scalable and introduces small overhead; detailed analysis supports our findings. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender differences in experiencing occupational stress: the role of age, education and marital status
Authors: Michael Galanakis , Anastasios Stalikas , Helen Kallia , Catherine Karagianni , Christine Karela 
Published: January 2009

AbstractStudies investigating gender differences over the past two decades have produced contradictory results, with some to indicate no differences, and some suggesting that either men or women experience more psychological stress. In this study, we examine gender differences in occupational stress, taking into consideration the role of marital status, age and education. Results from a sample of 2775 professionals suggest that women experience higher levels of occupational stress than men. Nevertheless, when marital status, age and education were introduced in the equation, no significant gender differences were identified. Implications and future research directions are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dip‐Pen‐Nanolithographic Patterning of Metallic, Semiconductor, and Metal Oxide Nanostructures on Surfaces
Authors: Basnar Bernhard , Willner Itamar 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDip‐pen nanolithography (DPN) is a powerful method to pattern nanostructures on surfaces by the controlled delivery of an “ink” coating the tip of an atomic force microscope upon scanning and contacting with surfaces. The growing interest in the use of nanoparticles as structural and functional elements for the fabrication of nanodevices suggests that the DPN‐stimulated patterning of nanoparticles on surfaces might be a useful technique to assemble hierarchical architectures of nanoparticles that could pave methodologies for functional nanocircuits or nanodevices. This Review presents different methodologies for the nanolithographic patterning of metallic, semiconductor, and metal oxide nanostructures on surfaces. The mechanisms involved in the formation of the nanostructures are discussed and the effects that control the dimensions of the resulting patterns are reviewed. The possible applications of the nanostructures are also addressed.magnified image
Temperature‐Enhanced Solvent Vapor Annealing of a C3 Symmetric Hexa‐peri‐Hexabenzocoronene: Controlling the Self‐Assembly from Nano‐ to Macroscale
Authors: Treossi Emanuele , Liscio Andrea , Feng Xinliang , Palermo Vincenzo , Müllen Klaus , Samorì Paolo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTemperature‐enhanced solvent vapor annealing (TESVA) is used to self‐assemble functionalized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules into ordered macroscopic layers and crystals on solid surfaces. A novel C3 symmetric hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene functionalized with alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic side chains is used as a model system since its multivalent character can be expected to offer unique self‐assembly properties and behavior in different solvents. TESVA promotes the molecule's long‐range mobility, as proven by their diffusion on a Si/SiOx surface on a scale of hundreds of micrometers. This leads to self‐assembly into large, ordered crystals featuring an edge‐on columnar type of arrangement, which differs from the morphologies obtained using conventional solution‐processing methods such as spin‐coating or drop‐casting. The temperature modulation in the TESVA makes it possible to achieve an additional control over the role of hydrodynamic forces in the self‐assembly at surfaces, leading to a macroscopic self‐healing within the adsorbed film notably improved as compared to conventional solvent vapor annealing. This surface re‐organization can be monitored in real time by optical and atomic force microscopy.
Living systems theory and an entity‐systems approach
Authors: Swanson G. A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe process‐structure approach of Living Systems Theory (LST) provides a more robust explanation of life than did the earlier explanations based on the concept of sense‐response. Three aspects of LST, however, provide less robust explanations than those that generally characterize the theory. They are the concept of dispersed critical sub‐systems, the relative neglect of emergence and the neglect of the pervasive influence of conceptual systems on LST defined information systems. This paper suggests an entity‐systems approach that may strengthen those aspects of the theory of life systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induced coupling: an approach to modeling and managing complex human–landscape interactions
Authors: Magliocca Nicholas R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPopulation growth and overdevelopment are driving complicated interactions between human and natural systems. A preliminary investigation of human and natural systems as hierarchical, complex systems suggests that problematic, emergent behaviours are the result of ‘induced coupling’ between the two systems. Human manipulations aimed at mitigating natural disasters often change how human and natural systems interact by linking their behaviours in space and time. The dynamics of each separate system are fundamentally altered when they become coupled. This coupling drives unexpected, emergent behaviours through the introduction of strong, nonlinear feedbacks. Human–landscape interactions present a unique challenge because of the mismatch in scales between coupled processes. Induced coupling describes problematic system behaviours (e.g. natural disasters intensified by human actions) as the product of coupling short‐term human activities to long‐term natural processes. As a descriptive model, induced coupling draws upon the conceptualization of human and natural systems as hierarchical complex systems, and it utilizes a systems dynamics approach to identify delays introduced by human manipulations. Induced coupling aides in the description and analysis of coupled human–landscape interactions, and provides a focus for numerical modelling and identification of leverage points for management actions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Searching for effective policies to prevent bird flu pandemic in Bandung city using agent‐based simulation
Authors: Putro Utomo Sarjono , Novani Santi , Siallagan Manahan , Deguchi Hiroshi , Kantani Yasuhiro , Kaneda Toshiyuki , Koyoma Yusuke , Ichikawa Manabu , Tanuma Hideki 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper investigates the case of H5N1 bird flu in Southeast Asia, and develops a basic model of simulation using agent‐based modelling to study the dynamic interaction between human activities in Bandung City, West Java province, Indonesia. It evaluates the effectiveness of several policies for Bandung City based on the infection process model for pandemic, depending on social and culture simulation using Spot Oriented Agent Role Simulator or SOARS. The results of these simulations suggest that the government should take action not only from a medical perspective, but also from the perspective of social interactions and their influences on the spread of H5N1 in Bandung City. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Horizon Serono – Konstruktion des weltweit größten zu öffnenden Glasdaches und der darunterliegenden Forumfassade
Authors: Sobek Werner , Straub Wolfgang , Schmid Angelika 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDer Neubau eines Verwaltungsgebäudes für das Pharmaunternehmen Merck/Serono in Genf zeichnet sich durch hochtransparente Stahl‐Glas‐Konstruktionen in Fassade und Dach aus. Besonders hervorzuheben sind das zu öffnende Dach über dem sogenannten Forum sowie die darunterliegenden Fassadenkonstruktionen. Das ca. 1000 m2 große Forumdach ebenso wie die ca. 12 m hohen drehbaren Glastore und der außenliegende Sonnenschutz aus profilierten Edelstahlstäben tragen nicht nur wesentlich zur lichten, freundlichen Atmosphäre im Inneren bei, sondern sind auch wichtige Bestandteile des Klimakonzepts des Gebäudes. Der vorliegende Aufsatz beschreibt Forumdach und ‐fassade (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
K‐factor estimation in shadowed Ricean mobile communication channels
Authors: Naimi Alireza , Azemi Ghasem 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper, a composite model for the received signal at the mobile unit is used to derive new moment‐based estimators for the RiceanK‐factor when shadowing is present. The results are then used to analytically evaluate the performance of the previously proposed moment‐based estimators forK. It is proven that unlike existing moment‐based estimators, the proposed estimators perform well in the presence of shadowing. Using simulations, it is also shown that the mean‐squared error of the proposed estimators is significantly lower than that of the previously proposed estimators. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diet composition, food intake, body condition, and fecal consistency in captive tapirs (Tapirus spp.) in UK collections
Authors: Clauss Marcus , Wilkins Tamsin , Hartley Andy , Hatt Jean‐Michel 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIntake measurements were carried out in 22 tapirs from seven UK zoological collections. Dry matter intake (DMI) ranged from 48 to 86 g/kg0.75/d. Across collections, the highest proportion of the ingested diet consisted of pelleted feeds (including grains and bread) at 46±17% DMI, followed by commercial produce at 26±12% DMI, roughage (excluding browse) at 17±11% DMI, and browse at 11±11% DMI. The proportion of roughage, crude protein, crude fiber, and neutral detergent fiber levels in the diets investigated were well below levels recommended for domestic horses and other ungulates. Intakes of digestible energy (DE) as estimated from food nutrients using of a standard equation for domestic horses ranged from 0.58 to 0.88 MJ/DE/kg0.75/d, with many individuals exceeding the assumed maintenance requirement of 0.6 MJ/DE/kg0.75/d for hindgut fermenters. At values exceeding this DE intake, animals had higher than ideal body condition scores (BCS). Animals with higher BCS (i.e. more obese animals) generally had higher fecal scores (FS) (i.e. softer feces), and both BCS and FS were positively correlated to DMI and calculated DE intake. This suggests that the population studied was generally overfed, with resulting obesity and softer fecal consistency. The use of highly digestible feeds such as commercial produce and pelleted feeds should be restricted in the diets of these animals and roughage intake promoted in order to attempt to achieve normal BCS and FS in this captive population. Zoo Biol 28:279–291, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Model-checking user behaviour using interacting components
Authors: Basuki Thomas Anung , Cerone Antonio , Griesmayer Andreas , Schlatte Rudolf 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This article describes a framework to formally model and analyse human behaviour. This is shown by a simple case study of a chocolate vending machine, which represents many aspects of human behaviour. The case study is modelled and analysed using the Maude rewrite system. This work extends a previous work by Basuki which attempts to model interactions between human and machine and analyse the possibility of errors occurring in the interactions. By redesigning the interface, it can be shown that certain kinds of error can be avoided for some users. This article overcomes the limitation of Basuki’s approach by incorporating many aspects of user behaviour into a single user model, and introduces a more natural approach to model human–computer interaction.
Pathogenic cascades in lysosomal disease—Why so complex?
Authors: Walkley S. U. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryLysosomal disease represents a large group of more than 50 clinically recognized conditions resulting from inborn errors of metabolism affecting the organelle known as the lysosome. The lysosome is an integral part of the larger endosomal/lysosomal system, and is closely allied with the ubiquitin–proteosomal and autophagosomal systems, which together comprise essential cell machinery for substrate degradation and recycling, homeostatic control, and signalling. More than two‐thirds of lysosomal diseases affect the brain, with neurons appearing particularly vulnerable to lysosomal compromise and showing diverse consequences ranging from specific axonal and dendritic abnormalities to neuron death. While failure of lysosomal function characteristically leads to lysosomal storage, new studies argue that lysosomal diseases may also be appropriately viewed as ‘states of deficiency’ rather than simply overabundance (storage). Interference with signalling events and salvage processing normally controlled by the endosomal/lysosomal system may represent key mechanisms accounting for the inherent complexity of lysosomal disorders. Analysis of lysosomal disease pathogenesis provides a unique window through which to observe the importance of the greater lysosomal system for normal cell health.
Macrobrachium borellii Hepatopancreas Contains a Mitochondrial Glycerol‐3‐Phosphate Acyltransferase Which Initiates Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis
Authors: Pellon‐Maison M. , Garcia C. F. , Cattaneo E. R. , Coleman R. A. , Gonzalez‐Baro M. R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMammals express four isoforms of glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT). The mitochondrial isoform GPAT1 may have been the acyltransferase that appeared first in evolution. The hepatopancreas of the crustacean Macrobrachium borellii has a high capacity for triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis and storage. In order to understand the mechanism of glycerolipid biosynthesis in M. borellii, we investigated its hepatopancreas GPAT activity. In hepatopancreas mitochondria, we identified a GPAT activity with characteristics similar to those of mammalian GPAT1. The activity was resistant to inactivation by SH‐reactive N‐ethylmaleimide, it was activated by polymyxin‐B, and its preferred substrate was palmitoyl‐CoA. The reaction products were similar to those of mammalian GPAT1. A 70‐kDa protein band immunoreacted with an anti‐rat liver GPAT1 antibody. Surprisingly, we did not detect high GPAT specific activity in hepatopancreas microsomes. GPAT activity in microsomes was consistent with mitochondrial contamination, and its properties were similar to those of the mitochondrial activity. In microsomes, TAG synthesis was not dependent on the presence of glycerol‐3 phosphate as a substrate, and the addition of monoacylglycerol as a substrate increased TAG synthesis 2‐fold. We conclude that in M. borellii the de novo triacylglycerol biosynthetic pathway can be completed in the mitochondria. In contrast, TAG synthesis in the ER may function via the monoacylglycerol pathway.
Histological Upgrading and Upstaging in the UK Population following Radical Prostatectomy and Their Implications for Active Surveillance
Authors: Page T. , Sahadevan K. , Harding C. , Wong S. , Greene D. 
Published: January 2009

Background: Upgrading of Gleason score at radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) is a recognised event; however there are few large, national, multicentre studies of upgrading. With the increasing utilisation of active surveillance as an option in the treatment of prostate cancer upgrading is an increasing concern to urologists. Objective: To analyse the discordance between the biopsy Gleason score and the RRP Gleason score using the BAUS database from a non-screened UK population. Methods and subjects: Data were obtained from the BAUS cancer registry which holds data on national complex operations. All patients who underwent RRP with pre and post-operative Gleason score were included in the study. Results: 1420 men were included in the study, mean age 62. Comparing Gleason score between the biopsy and the RRP specimen, 30% men were found to upgraded and 9% downgraded. Clinically significant upgrading was seen in 28%. Age and PSA were found to be higher in the upgraded cohort ( p< 0.02). Positive margins and seminal vesicle invasion were significantly higher in the upgraded group ( p < 0.02). Univariate analysis revealed PSA and age as significant predictors of upgrading at RRP ( p<0.05). Conclusions: This large study provides novel data from a non-screened UK population, nearly one-third of whom had clinically significant upgrading. We have also shown that adverse pathological events, positive margin and seminal vesicle invasion, are more common in the upgraded cohort. This evidence needs to be considered when managing men with localised prostate cancer especially when considering active surveillance.
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: An evaluation of treatment and management approaches by referring physicians
Authors: Shemirani Nima L. , Schmidt Madeline , Friedland David R. 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVETo assess and compare the current management of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) between primary care physicians and general otolaryngologists.STUDY DESIGNWritten survey of physician practice patterns.METHODSA multiple choice and Likert scale survey was mailed to 1306 otolaryngologists and primary care physicians in the upper midwest with respect to management of SSHL.RESULTSA significant number of general practitioners treat SSHL independent of an otolaryngologist. General practitioners are significantly less impressed than otolaryngologists that steroids are an effective treatment (P < 0.0001). Over 98 percent of otolaryngologists use oral steroids as compared with 73 percent of general practitioners treating on their own. The vast majority of otolaryngologists start therapy with at least 60 mg of prednisone whereas lower doses and medrol dosepaks are more commonly used by general practitioners. Otolaryngologists are more likely to treat with steroids beyond one week of onset of hearing loss whereas general practitioners overwhelmingly will only treat within the first week. Approximately 50 percent of otolaryngologists add antiviral medications in contrast to 16 percent of generalists.CONCLUSIONThe approach to SSHL differs between otolaryngologists and general practitioners. The lack of strong evidence‐based guidelines for the treatment of SSHL may underlie the variability in management by first line providers.
Ocular outcomes after gold weight placement and facial nerve resection
Authors: Razfar Ali , Afifi Ahmed M. , Manders Ernest K. , Myers Eugene N. , Johnson Jonas T. , Ferris Robert L. , Deleyiannis Frederic W.‐B. 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVETo assess the effectiveness of acute gold weight placement after facial nerve resection and to determine the role of concomitant lower eyelid procedures.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective review.SUBJECTS AND METHODSTwenty‐two patients who received an upper eyelid gold weight at the time of parotidectomy and facial nerve resection were reviewed to assess ocular outcomes.RESULTSAfter gold weight placement, twelve patients (12 of 22, 54.5%) subsequently presented with symptomatic ectropion (n = 9) and/or lagophthalmos (n = 5). Nine patients received a lower eyelid procedure (7 tarsal strips only, 1 tarsal strip combined with a lateral tarsorrhaphy, and 1 lateral tarsorrhaphy only). Six patients, in addition to a gold weight, also underwent a static sling to the midface at the time of facial nerve resection. None of these 6 received a subsequent lower eyelid procedure. Two patients required gold weight upsizing. Two patients required weight removal.CONCLUSIONSInsertion of 1.2 gm upper eyelid weight with placement of midface sling is recommended at the time of facial nerve resection. Due to the need to tighten the lower eyelid in many of these patients, we now also consider performing a tarsal strip procedure at the time of facial nerve resection in any patient with pre‐existing lower lid laxity.
Modified lateral neck lymphadenectomy: Prospective randomized study comparing harmonic scalpel with clamp‐and‐tie technique
Authors: Miccoli Paolo , Materazzi Gabriele , Fregoli Lorenzo , Panicucci Erica , Kunz‐Martinez Walter , Berti Piero 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVETo compare the use of harmonic scalpel (HS) with clamp‐and‐tie technique to evaluate their comparative merits in modified lateral lymphadenectomy (LL).STUDY DESIGNProspective and randomized.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThirty‐seven patients were recruited and divided into Group A (conventional; n = 20) and Group B (HS; n = 17). Thyroid volume, neck circumference, operative time, diameter of the tumor and lymph node, drainage volume, pain, and complications were compared. Operation consisted of thyroidectomy and LL.RESULTSGroups were homogeneous for thyroid volume, diameter of thyroid nodule and lymph node, and neck circumference. Operative time was shorter in Group B than in Group A. The fluid collection in the vacuum between 24 and 48 hours and the increase of neck circumference were lower in Group B. Pain was significantly lower in Group B after 12 hours and decrease was faster in Group B.CONCLUSIONThe use of HS during LL is as safe as conventional technique and may allow shorter operative time, lower lymphatic spillage, and faster decrease of pain.
Levodopa does not enhance the effect of low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in tinnitus treatment
Authors: Kleinjung Tobias , Steffens Thomas , Landgrebe Michael , Vielsmeier Veronika , Frank Elmar , Hajak Göran , Strutz Juergen , Langguth Berthold 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVELow‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown promise for the treatment of tinnitus. Experimental data from motor cortex stimulation in healthy subjects indicate that the suppressing effect of low‐frequency rTMS can be enhanced by dopaminergic receptor activation. Here we investigated whether administration of the dopamine precursor levodopa before low‐frequency rTMS enhances its efficacy in tinnitus treatment.STUDY DESIGNSixteen patients with chronic tinnitus received 100 mg of levodopa before each session of low‐frequency rTMS. Results were compared with a matched control group of 16 patients who received the same treatment, but without levodopa. Treatment outcome was assessed with a standardized tinnitus questionnaire.RESULTSBoth stimulation protocols resulted in a significant reduction of tinnitus scores after 10 days of stimulation; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups.CONCLUSIONOur data suggest that 100 mg of levodopa does not enhance the effect of rTMS in the treatment of tinnitus.