bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeatability of RRate measurements in children during triage in two Ugandan hospitals
Authors: Asdo Ahmad , Mawji Alishah , Omara Isaac , Aye Ishebukara Ivan Aine , Komugisha Clare , Novakowski Stefanie K. , Pillay Yashodani , Wiens Matthew O. , Akech Samuel , Oyella Florence , Tagoola Abner , Kissoon Niranjan , Ansermino J. Mark , Dunsmuir Dustin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPneumonia is the leading cause of death in children globally. In low- and middle-income countries the diagnosis of pneumonia relies heavily on an accurate assessment of respiratory rate, which can be unreliable in nurses and clinicians with less advanced training. In order to inform more accurate measurements, we investigate the repeatability of the RRate app used by nurses in district hospitals in Uganda.MethodsThis secondary analysis included 3679 children aged 0-5 years. The dataset had two sequential measurements of respiratory rate using the RRate app. We measured the agreement between respiratory rate observations and clustering around fixed thresholds defined by WHO for fast breathing, which are 60 breaths per minute (bpm) for under two months (Age-1), 50 bpm for two to 12 months (Age-2), and 40 bpm for 12.1 to 60 months (Age-3). We then assessed the repeatability of the paired measurements using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe respiratory rate measurement took less than 15 seconds for 7,277 (98.9%) of the measurements. Despite respiratory rates clustering around the WHO fast-breathing thresholds, the breathing classification based on the thresholds was changed in only 12.6% of children. The mean (SD) respiratory rate by age group was 60 (13.1) bpm for Age-1, 49 (11.9) bpm for Age-2, and 38 (10.1) for Age-3, and the bias (Limits of Agreements) were 0.3 (-10.8 – 11.3), 0.4 (-8.5 – 9.3), and 0.1 (-6.8, 7.0) for Age-1, Age-2, and Age-3 respectively. Most importantly, the repeatability of the two respiratory rate measurements for the 3,679 children was high, with an ICC value (95% CI) of 0.95 (0.94 – 0.95).DiscussionThe RRate measurements were both efficient and repeatable. The simplicity, repeatability, and efficiency of the RRate app used by healthcare workers in LMICs supports more widespread adoption for clinical use.
Estimating individual risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections using explainable artificial intelligence on clinical data
Authors: Sufriyana Herdiantri , Chen Chieh , Chiu Hua-Sheng , Sumazin Pavel , Yang Po-Yu , Kang Jiunn-Horng , Su Emily Chia-Yu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundCatheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) significantly increase clinical burdens. Identifying patients at high-risk of CA-UTIs is crucial in clinical practice. In this study, we developed and externally validated an explainable, prognostic prediction model of CA-UTIs among hospitalized individuals receiving urinary catheterization.MethodsWe applied a retrospective cohort paradigm to select data from a clinical research database covering three hospitals in Taiwan. We developed a prediction model using data from two hospitals and used the third hospital’s data for external validation. We selected predictors by a multivariate regression analysis through applying a Cox proportional-hazards model. Both statistical and computational machine learning algorithms were applied for predictive modeling: (1) ridge regression; (2) decision tree; (3) random forest (RF); (4) extreme gradient boosting; and (5) deep-insight visible neural network. We evaluated the calibration, clinical utility, and discrimination ability to choose the best model by the validation set. The Shapley additive explanation was used to assess the explainability of the best model.ResultsWe included 122,417 instances from 20-to-75-year-old subjects with multiple visits (n=26,401) and multiple orders of urine catheterization per visit (n=35,230). Fourteen predictors were selected from 20 candidate variables. The best prediction model was the RF for predicting CA-UTIs within 6 days. It detected 97.63% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 97.57%, 97.69%) CA-UTI positive, and 97.36% (95% CI: 97.29%, 97.42%) of individuals that were predicted to be CA-UTI negative were true negatives. Among those predicted to be CA-UTI positives, we expected 22.85% (95% CI: 22.79%, 22.92%) of them to truly be high-risk individuals. We also provide a web-based application and a paper-based nomogram for using the best model.ConclusionsOur prediction model was clinically accurate by detecting most CA-UTI positive cases, while most predicted negative individuals were correctly ruled out. However, future studies are needed to prospectively evaluate the implementation, validity, and reliability of this prediction model among users of the web application and nomogram, and the model’s impacts on patient outcomes.
Comparing Cadence vs. Machine Learning based Physical Activity Intensity Classifications: Variations in the Associations of Physical Activity with Mortality
Authors: Wei Le , Ahmadi Matthew N. , Biswas Raaj Kishore , Trost Stewart G. , Stamatakis Emmanuel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundStep cadence-based and machine-learning (ML) methods have been used to classify physical activity (PA) intensity in health-related research. This study examined the association of intensity-specific PA daily duration with all-cause (ACM) and CVD mortality varied among cadence-based and ML methods in 68,561 UK Biobank participants.MethodsThe two-stage-ML method categorized activity type and then intensity. The one-level-cadence method (1LC) derived intensity duration using all detected steps and cadence thresholds of ≥100 steps/min (moderate intensity) and ≥130 steps/min (vigorous intensity). The two-level-cadence method (2LC) detected ambulatory activities and then steps with the same cadence thresholds.ResultsThe 2LC exhibited the most pronounced association at the lower end of the duration, e.g., the 2LC showed the smallest minimum moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) duration (amount associated with 50% of optimal risk reduction) (2LC vs 1LC vs ML, 2.8 minutes/day [95% CI: 2.6, 2.8] vs 11.1 [10.8, 11.4] vs 14.9 [14.6, 15.2]) while exhibiting similar corresponding ACM hazard ratio (HR) among methods (HR: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.78, 0.88] vs 0.80 [0.76, 0.85] vs 0.82 [0.76, 0.87]). The ML elicited the greatest mortality risk reduction, e.g., for VPA-ACM association, 2LC vs 1LC vs ML: median, 2.0 minutes/day [95% CI: 2.0, 2.0] vs 6.9 [6.9, 7.0] vs 3.2 [3.2, 3.2]; HR, 0.69 [0.61, 0.79] vs 0.68 [0.60, 0.77] vs 0.53 [0.44, 0.64]. After standardizing duration, the ML exhibited the most pronounced associations, e.g., for MPA-CVD mortality, 2LC vs 1LC vs ML, standardized minimum-duration: -0.77 vs - 0.85 vs -0.94; HR 0.82 [0.72, 0.92] vs 0.79 [0.69, 0.90] vs 0.77 [0.69, 0.85].ConclusionThe 2LC exhibited the most pronounced association with mortality at the lower end of the duration. The ML method provided the most pronounced association with mortality after standardizing the durations.
Persistence of S1 Spike Protein in CD16+ Monocytes up to 245 Days in SARS-CoV-2 Negative Post COVID-19 Vaccination Individuals with Post-Acute Sequalae of COVID-19 (PASC)-Like Symptoms
Authors: Patterson Bruce K. , Yogendra Ram , Francisco Edgar B. , Long Emily , Pise Amruta , Osgood Eric , Bream John , Kreimer Mark , Jeffers Devon , Beaty Christopher , Heide Richard Vander , Guevara-Coto Jose , Mora-Rodríguez Rodrigo A 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThere have been concerning reports about people experiencing new onset persistent complications (greater than 30 days) following approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (BNT162b2 (Pfizer), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), Janssen (Johnson and Johnson), and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca)). We sought to determine the immunologic abnormalities in these patients and to investigate whether the potential etiology was similar to Post-Acute Sequalae of COVID (PASC), or long COVID.We studied 50 individuals who received one of the approved COVID-19 vaccines and who experienced new onset PASC-like symptoms along with 45 individuals post-vaccination without symptoms as controls. We performed multiplex cytokine/chemokine profiling with machine learning as well as SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein detection on CD16+ monocyte subsets using flow cytometry and mass spectrometry. We determined that post-vaccination individuals with PASC- like symptoms had similar symptoms to PASC patients. When analyzing their immune profile, Post-vaccination individuals had statistically significant elevations of sCD40L (p<0.001), CCL5 (p=0.017), IL-6 (p=0.043), and IL-8 (p=0.022). Machine learning characterized these individuals as PASC using previously developed algorithms. Of the S1 positive post-vaccination patients, we demonstrated by liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry that these CD16+ cells from post-vaccination patients from all 4 vaccine manufacturers contained S1, S1 mutant and S2 peptide sequences. Post-COVID vaccination individuals with PASC-like symptoms exhibit markers of platelet activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, which may be driven by the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 S1 proteins in intermediate and non-classical monocytes. The data from this study also cannot make any inferences on epidemiology and prevalence for persistent post-COVID vaccine symptoms. Thus, further studies and research need to be done to understand the risk factors, likelihood and prevalence of these symptoms.SummarySARS CoV-2 S1 Protein in CD16+ Monocytes Post-Vaccination
A multicellular developmental program in a close animal relative
Authors: Olivetta Marine , Bhickta Chandni , Chiaruttini Nicolas , Burns John , Dudin Omaya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAll animals develop from a single-celled zygote into a complex multicellular organism through a series of precisely orchestrated processes. Despite the remarkable conservation of early embryogenesis across animals, the evolutionary origins of this process remain elusive. By combining time-resolved imaging and transcriptomic profiling, we show that single cells of the ichthyosporeanChromosphaera perkinsii -a close relative that diverged from animals approximately 1 billion years ago - undergo symmetry breaking and develop through cleavage divisions to produce a prolonged multicellular colony with distinct co-existing cell types. Our findings about the autonomous developmental program ofC. perkinsii, hint that such animal-like multicellular development is either much older than previously thought or evolved convergently in ichthyosporeans.One-Sentence SummaryThe ichthyosporeanC. perkinsiidevelops via symmetry breaking, cleavage divisions, and forms spatially-organized colonies with distinct cell types.
The impact of outdoor environments in public rental housing complexes on residents’ psychological restoration
Authors: Lee Seunghee , Kim Suk-Kyung 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThis study examines the impact of outdoor environments in public rental housing complexes on residents’ psychological restoration, taking into account the interconnectedness of physical and psychological factors in human health. Drawing on Kaplan and Kaplan’s Attention Restoration Theory and Ulrich’s Supportive Design Theory, the research investigates the factors influencing residents’ psychological restoration within these outdoor spaces.Design/methodology/approachThe Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS), which is based on the Attention Restoration Theory and the Zuckerman Inventory of Personal Reactions (ZIPERS) are used to assess residents’ restorative experiences. Field research was conducted to collect data on the outdoor environments, and surveys were administered to the residents. The study analyzes the data using SPSS, including both factor and correlation analyses, to explore the relationship between the restorative effect and emotional factors.FindingsThe study verified a significant influence of positive emotions in ZIPERS on PRS’ overall restorative effect, thus supporting the utilization of both PRS and ZIPERS factors together to assess comprehensively the impact of outdoor environments on residents’ psychological restoration.Originality/valueBy employing a multidimensional approach involving residents’ experiences and emotions, this study quantified emotional and psychological data, which were hard to quantify. These results provide a basis for developing more objective restoration environment design guidelines and programs in the future.
Understanding discontinuance behavior on short-video platform: the effects of perceived overload, dissatisfaction, flow experience and regret
Authors: Gan Chunmei 
Published: March 2024

PurposeUser discontinuance on short-video platform has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. Short-video discontinuance refers to reduced use, controlled use or suspended use of the short-video platform. In this study, we examined factors associated with discontinuance behavior on short-video platform.Design/methodology/approachFrom the perspective of stressor–strain–outcome (SSO), we put forward a theoretical model integrating perceived information overload and perceived system feature overload (stressors), dissatisfaction (psychological strain), flow experience and regret to explain discontinuance behavior on short-video platform (behavioral outcome). We collected 482 survey data from Douyin users in China, and empirically examined the proposed research model via Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique.FindingsOur results demonstrated that perceived system feature overload exerts a positive effect on perceived information overload. Perceived system feature overload has a stronger influence on dissatisfaction than perceived information overload. Regret increases user dissatisfaction, while flow experience decreases user dissatisfaction. We also discovered that dissatisfaction and regret have significant positive effects on discontinuance behavior. Interestingly, flow exerts no significant influence on discontinuance behavior.Originality/valueThis study enriches the body of knowledge on social media discontinuance by revealing the interaction and effects of flow experience, dissatisfaction and regret on discontinuance. This study also extends the understanding on the complex role of flow experience in leading to social media discontinuance. Additionally, this study deepens the research on the interaction between perceived system feature overload and perceived information overload as well as their different influences on negative emotion.
A case of AA amyloidosis complicated by proliferating pilomatricoma and a review of the literature
Authors: Obara Koya , Amoh Yasuyuki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough AA amyloidosis is primarily caused by inflammatory conditions, associations between AA amyloidosis and solid cancers have occasionally been described. Herein, we report the case of a 48‐year‐old man in whom resection of a proliferating pilomatricoma with deposition of AA amyloid resulted in remission of concomitant AA gastrointestinal amyloidosis. A rapidly growing, giant, reddish, ulcerated tumor measuring 16 × 13 cm in size was identified on the upper left arm on a visit to our hospital. Gastrointestinal AA amyloidosis was diagnosed from colorectal mucosal biopsy at the same time, and weight loss and profuse diarrhea were clinically evident. As treatment, the tumor was resected with a 10‐mm surgical margin. Histologically, the tumor predominantly comprised a lobular proliferation of basophilic cells peripherally, filled with eosinophilic, cornified material and shadow cells with mitoses observed in basophilic cells. Specimens revealed eosinophilic, homogeneous deposits around tumor nests, which were confirmed as amyloid deposits by positive staining with Congo red stain. These deposits were immunohistochemically positive on staining with anti‐serum amyloid A antibody. Collectively, proliferating pilomatricoma with AA amyloidosis was diagnosed. After tumor resection, chronic diarrhea resolved and no amyloid deposition was apparent in colorectal biopsy. It is important to remember that if amyloid deposition is present in a tumor, aggressive tumor excision may alleviate systemic amyloidosis.
The impact of boldness on demographic rates and life‐history outcomes in the wandering albatross
Authors: Van de Walle Joanie , Sun Ruijiao , Fay Rémi , Patrick Samantha C. , Barbraud Christophe , Delord Karine , Weimerkirch Henri , Jenouvrier Stephanie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Differences among individuals within a population are ubiquitous. Those differences are known to affect the entire life cycle with important consequences for all demographic rates and outcomes. One source of among‐individual phenotypic variation that has received little attention from a demographic perspective is animal personality, which is defined as consistent and heritable behavioural differences between individuals. While many studies have shown that individual variation in individual personality can generate individual differences in survival and reproductive rates, the impact of personality on all demographic rates and outcomes remains to be assessed empirically.

Here, we used a unique, long‐term, dataset coupling demography and personality of wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) in the Crozet Archipelago and a comprehensive analysis based on a suite of approaches (capture‐mark‐recapture statistical models, Markov chains models and structured matrix population models). We assessed the effect of boldness on annual demographic rates (survival, breeding probability, breeding success), life‐history outcomes (life expectancy, lifetime reproductive outcome, occupancy times), and an integrative demographic outcome (population growth rate).

We found that boldness had little impact on female demographic rates, but was very likely associated with lower breeding probabilities in males. By integrating the effects of boldness over the entire life cycle, we found that bolder males had slightly lower lifetime reproductive success compared to shyer males. Indeed, bolder males spent a greater proportion of their lifetime as non‐breeders, which suggests longer inter‐breeding intervals due to higher reproductive allocation.

Our results reveal that the link between boldness and demography is more complex than anticipated by the pace‐of‐life literature and highlight the importance of considering the entire life cycle with a comprehensive approach when assessing the role of personality on individual performance and demography.
DNA barcoding insufficiently identifies European wild bees (Hymenoptera, Anthophila) due to undefined species diversity, genus‐specific barcoding gaps and database errors
Authors: Janko Šet , Rok Šturm , Blaž Koderman , Danilo Bevk , Andrej Gogala , Denis Kutnjak , Klemen Čandek , Matjaž Gregorič 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecent declines in insect abundances, especially populations of wild pollinators, pose a threat to many natural and agricultural ecosystems. Traditional species monitoring relies on morphological character identification and is inadequate for efficient and standardized surveys. DNA barcoding has become a standard approach for molecular identification of organisms, aiming to overcome the shortcomings of traditional biodiversity monitoring. However, its efficacy depends on the completeness of reference databases. Large DNA barcoding efforts are (almost entirely) lacking in many European countries and such patchy data limit Europe‐wide analyses of precisely how to apply DNA barcoding in wild bee identification. Here, we advance towards an effective molecular identification of European wild bees. We conducted a high‐effort survey of wild bees at the junction of central and southern Europe and DNA barcoded all collected morphospecies. For global analyses, we complemented our DNA barcode dataset with all relevant European species and conducted global analyses of species delimitation, general and genus‐specific barcoding gaps and examined the error rate in DNA data repositories. We found that (i) a sixth of all specimens from Slovenia could not be reliably identified, (ii) species delimitation methods show numerous systematic discrepancies, (iii) there is no general barcoding gap across all bees and (iv) the barcoding gap is genus specific, but only after curating for errors in DNA data repositories. Intense sampling and barcoding efforts in underrepresented regions and strict curation of DNA barcode repositories are needed to enhance the use of DNA barcoding for the identification of wild bees.
Dynamic carbon allocation trade‐off: A robust approach to model tree biomass allometry
Authors: Yang Mingxia , Zhou Xiaolu , Liu Zelin , Li Peng , Liu Caixia , Huang Huabing , Tang Jiayi , Zhang Cicheng , Zou Ziying , Xie Binggeng , Peng Changhui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Forest above‐ground biomass (AGB) is often estimated by converting the observed tree size using allometric scaling between the dry weight and size of an organism. However, the variations in biomass allocation and scaling between tree crowns and stems due to survival competition during a tree's lifecycle remain unclear. This knowledge gap can improve the understanding of modelling tree biomass allometry because traditional allometries ignore the dynamics of allocation.

Herein, we characterised allometric scaling using the dynamic ratio (r) of the stem biomass (SB) to AGB and a dynamic exponent. The allometric models were biologically parameterised by the r values for initial, intermediate and final ages rather than only a regression result. The scaling was tested using field measurements of 421 species and 2213 different‐sized trees in pantropical regions worldwide.

We found that the scaling fluctuated with tree size, and this fluctuation was driven by the trade‐off relationship of biomass allocation between the tree crown and stem depending on the dynamic crown trait. The allometric scaling between SB and AGB varied from 0.8 to 1.0 for a tree during its entire lifecycle. The fluctuations presented a general law for the allometric scaling of the pantropical tree biomass and size. Our model quantified the trade‐off and explained 94.1% of the allometric relationship between the SB and AGB (93.8% of which between D2H and AGB) for pantropical forests, which resulted in a better fit than that of the traditional model. Considering the effects of the trade‐off on modelling, the actual biomass of large trees could be substantially greater than conventional estimates.

These results highlight the importance of coupling growth mechanisms in modelling allometry and provide a theoretical foundation for better describing and predicting forest carbon accumulation.