bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schwannomatosis: Multiple Schwannomas of the Upper Limb
Authors: HASHAM S. , MATTEUCCI P. , STANLEY P. R. W. 
Published: December 2005

Schwannomas (also known as neurilemmomas) are neoplasms of the peripheral nerve sheaths. They are the most common benign tumour of peripheral nerves, yet they account for only 5% of all soft tissue tumours. Their incidence in the upper limb is variable, as is their clinical presentation. We present an unusual case of multiple schwannomas in the upper limb so that other surgeons can share our experience and suggest the correct diagnosis when confronted with a similar case.
Bipolarity in reactions to operational ‘constraints’: OM bugs under an OB lens
Authors: Bendoly Elliot , Hur Daesik 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn the 1980 inaugural issue of the Journal of Operations Management, Powell and Johnson stressed the need to introduce behavioral factors into research models of operational processes and performance. While some progress has been made since then, contemporary authors argue that limited dialogue between operations management and behavioral researchers continues to restrict the interpretability of such studies. Drawing on expertise from both operations and behavioral research, and motivated by a case example, we intend to further this dialogue. In doing so, we outline interdisciplinary commonalities and several methodological pitfalls that those studying the links between resource constraints and operational performance should take into account when developing new research. These issues range from appropriate model conceptualization to operationalization for empirical studies. Recommendations for appropriately confronting methodological concerns related to these issues are provided.
Supplier integration—Finding an optimal configuration
Authors: Das Ajay , Narasimhan Ram , Talluri Srinivas 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThere has been increased interest in supplier integration in recent years, much of it supporting such initiatives in organizations. We operationalize supplier integration as a bundle of practices that include a set of “internal” and “external” practices. We hypothesize that such practices in specific configurations can be as important a source of performance differentials as the adoption of individual practices themselves. We theorize the existence of a level of integration that results in optimal performance. The paper uses data from a cross‐section of more than 300 US manufacturing companies to test the notion of an optimal level of supplier integration, and examine the conditions surrounding its development. The results provide empirical support for the concept of an optimal set of supplier integration practices. We show that deviations from the optimal profile are associated with performance deterioration, and that indiscriminate and continued investments in integration may not yield commensurate improvements in performance.
Exploring the efficacy of healthcare quality practices, employee commitment, and employee control
Authors: Gowen Charles R. , Mcfadden Kathleen L. , Hoobler Jenny M. , Tallon William J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis exploratory study examines healthcare quality program practices, employee commitment and control initiatives, and perceived results by surveying the directors of hospital quality programs. U.S. hospitals are renowned to be among the highest in quality, but recent studies assert that the majority of error‐related deaths per year are preventable. In response, healthcare organizations have adopted quality management programs. Employee commitment and control theories propose that employee initiatives are critical to patient safety. However, little research has focused on the efficacy of employee commitment and control initiatives for quality programs at healthcare organizations. This study examines the responses from Quality and Risk Directors of 372 U.S. hospitals. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) demonstrate that perceived quantitative and qualitative quality program results are more highly related to employee commitment and control initiatives than they are related to quality practices.
Medical Student Selection of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery as a Specialty: Influences and Attitudes
Authors: McCaffrey Judith Czaja 
Published: December 2005

OBJECTIVES1) To determine factors students perceive as influential in decision to pursue otolaryngology; 2) to determine perception of importance of factors used for resident selection and individual student commitment to the match; and 3) to identify exposure to various subspecialties within otolaryngology.DESIGNPopulation survey.METHODSA survey was administered to students applying for otolaryngology between 2000 and 2003 at a single institution.RESULTSNinety‐six students were interviewed. Seventy‐eight percent believed that the main factor influencing their decision to pursue otolaryngology was their exposure to the residents. Board scores and one‐on‐one interviews were important factors in selection of interviewees and ranking process. Interestingly, over 20% of students believed that the match should not be early because they wanted more time to commit to ENT.CONCLUSIONSThese data underscore the importance that residents have in directing future students to our specialty. Results of the match survey may indicate an attrition rate within residency programs that may be avoided if ENT were part of the “regular” match.EBM RATINGC
Nodulation and growth of pasture legumes with naturalised soil rhizobia. 3. Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)
Authors: Ballard R. A. , Shepherd B. R. , Charman N. 
Published: December 2005

An assessment was made of the ability of 2 genetically diverse cultivars of lucerne (Trifecta and Sceptre) to nodulate and form effective symbioses with the strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti naturalised in 50 soils. Soils were collected from 42 dryland lucerne pastures and 8 irrigated multiple-use lucerne stands in the south-east of South Australia. The density of lucerne in the paddock, age of the lucerne stand and rhizobial inoculation practice were recorded at sampling. The lucerne swards were on average 5.6 years old (range 1–28) and had a mean plant density of 25 plants/m2 (range 3–66). The lucerne in 39 of the paddocks had been inoculated with rhizobia at sowing.The most probable number of rhizobia (S. meliloti) able to nodulate lucerne was determined for each soil. The most probable number of lucerne rhizobia exceeded 1.0 × 103/g in 23 of the soils. The most probable number of rhizobia in the soil was significantly correlated (r = 0.64) with soil pH. All 13 soils that contained less than 1.0�×�102�rhizobia/g had a pH of less than 6.3.The effectiveness at nitrogen fixation of each population of soil rhizobia was determined in a glasshouse experiment. There was no significant interaction between lucerne cultivar and soil inoculant. Generally, the soil rhizobia were highly effective, with 35 of the 50 soil inoculants producing more than 70% of the shoot dry weight associated with an effective inoculant strain (WSM826). Decreased lucerne shoot dry weights resulting from the remaining soil inoculants were associated with a lower most probable number of rhizobia in the soil, rather than poor symbiotic effectiveness of those rhizobia. This study highlighted the ability of both Trifecta and Sceptre lucernes to form an effective symbiosis with the rhizobia that have naturalised in the soils across a 25 000 km2 region of South Australia. It also showed that soil acidity is detrimental to rhizobial survival even in a perennial legume system and suggests that rhizobia that persist and form nodules in acidic soils should be a focus in the selection of new inoculant strains for lucerne.
Challenges in translating scientific evidence into mandatory food fortification policy: an antipodean case study of the folate–neural tube defect relationship
Authors: Lawrence Mark 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo identify challenges in translating scientific evidence of a nutrient and health relationship into mandatory food fortification policy.DesignA case study approach was used in which available evidence associated with the folate–neural tube defect relationship was reviewed against the Australia New Zealand Food Regulation Ministerial Council's Policy Guideline for mandatory food fortification.ResultsThree particular challenges were identified. The first is knowing when and how to act in the face of scientific uncertainty. The second is knowing how to address the special needs of at-risk individuals without compromising the health and safety of the population as a whole. The third is to ensure that a policy is sufficiently monitored and evaluated.ConclusionsDespite the availability of compelling evidence of a relationship between a particular nutrient and a health outcome, a definitive policy response may not be apparent. Judgement and interpretation inevitably play significant roles in influencing whether and how authorities translate scientific evidence into mandatory food fortification policy. In relation to the case study, it would be prudent to undertake a risk–benefit analysis of policy alternatives and to implement nutrition education activities to promote folic acid supplement use among the target group. Should mandatory folate fortification be implemented, comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of this policy will be essential to know that it is implemented as planned and does more good than harm. In relation to mandatory food fortification policy-making around the world, ongoing national nutrition surveys are required to complement national policy guidelines.
The impact of a national mass media campaign in The Netherlands on the prevention of weight gain
Authors: Wammes Birgitte , Breedveld Boudewijn , Looman Caspar , Brug Johannes 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveA 5-year nationwide mass media campaign aimed at prevention of overweight was organised from 2002 onwards. The present study evaluates the first campaign, which was aimed primarily at increasing awareness of weight gain.Design and subjectsData were collected by telephone interview in four independent cross-sectional surveys among non-obese Dutch adults aged 25–35 years (total n = 1949) for statistical analyses. Awareness of personal body-weight status, overweight-related risk perceptions, attitudes towards weight-gain prevention, motivation to prevent weight gain and self-reported body mass index (BMI) were measured in each survey. Campaign exposure was assessed in the post-intervention surveys. To identify intervention effects over time multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used, adjusted for secular time effects and age.ResultsAfter the campaign about 65% of the respondents knew about the campaign. The campaign was associated with more positive attitudes towards the prevention of weight gain (β = 0.16; P ≤ 0.01) and higher self-reported BMI (β = 0.14; P ≤ 0.01).ConclusionsThe results suggest that the first campaign reached a large proportion of the population and initiated some positive change in attitudes, but did not achieve significant improvements in other determinants of weight-gain prevention among non-obese young adults.
MiGenes: a searchable interspecies database of mitochondrial proteins curated using gene ontology annotation
Authors: Basu Siddhartha , Bremer Erich , Zhou Chun , Bogenhagen Daniel F. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Motivation: There has been an explosion of interest in the role of mitochondria in programmed cell death and other fundamental pathological processes underlying the development of human diseases. Nevertheless, the inventory of mitochondrial proteins encoded in the nuclear genome remains incomplete, providing an impediment to mitochondrial research at the interface with systems biology. We created the MiGenes database to further define the scope of the mitochondrial proteome in humans and model organisms including mice, rats, flies and worms as well as budding and fission yeasts. MiGenes is intended to stimulate mitochondrial research using model organisms.
Summary: MiGenes is a large-scale relational database that is automatically updated to keep pace with advances in mitochondrial proteomics and is curated to assure that the designation of proteins as mitochondrial reflects gene ontology (GO) annotations supported by high-quality evidence codes. A set of postulates is proposed to help define which proteins are authentic components of mitochondria. MiGenes incorporates &gt;1160 new GO annotations to human, mouse and rat protein records, 370 of which represent the first GO annotation reflecting a mitochondrial localization. MiGenes employs a flexible search interface that permits batchwise accession number searches to support high-throughput proteomic studies. A web interface is provided to permit members of the mitochondrial research community to suggest modifications in protein annotations or mitochondrial status.
Availability: MiGenes is available at
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinfo online.
Contact: dan@pharm.sunysb.edu
FLOSS: flexible ordered subset analysis for linkage mapping of complex traits
Authors: Browning B. L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Summary: The FLOSS software package is a flexible framework for ordered subset analysis. FLOSS is specifically designed for use with the Merlin linkage analysis package, but FLOSS can be used with any linkage analysis software package that reports NPL Z-scores for each locus and family. When FLOSS is used with the Merlin linkage analysis package, one can use either non-parametric Z-scores or Kong and Cox linear allele sharing model LOD scores. Monte Carlo P-values are calculated using a permutation test with an efficient Besag–Clifford sequential stopping rule. FLOSS also has a flexible tool for assigning family covariate scores from Merlin input files. FLOSS includes user documentation and is written in Java for easy portability. The FLOSS source code is documented and designed to be extensible.
Availability:
Contact: brian_browning1@yahoo.com
Incestuous Experience Among Korean Adolescents: Prevalence, Family Problems, Perceived Family Dynamics, and Psychological Characteristics
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Sil , Kim Hun‐Soo 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Objectives:
The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of incest among Korean adolescents and to determine the family problems, perceived family dynamics, and psychological consequences associated with incest in South Korea. Design: A cross‐sectional study was performed, using an anonymous, self‐reporting questionnaire. Data were analyzed by percentages, Chi‐square, and t‐test statistical analyses, using SAS software program. Sample: A total of 1,672 adolescents (1,053 student adolescents and 619 delinquent adolescents) were selected using proportional stratified random sampling method in this study. Results: The results showed a 3.7% prevalence of incest in the tested Korean population. Families in which incest occurred were characterized by higher levels of problems, such as psychotic disorders, depression, criminal acts, and alcoholism among family members. Adolescent incest victims showed significantly more dysfunctional and unhealthy in terms of family dynamics and expressed significantly higher maladaptive and problematic psychological patterns than nonvictimized adolescents. Conclusions: The present findings identified some of the family problems and dysfunctional family dynamics may associate with intrafamilial child sexual abuse in Korea. Therefore, when an allegation of intrafamilial sexual abuse is made, health professionals should carry out a comprehensive assessment of their family dynamics and an evaluation of the impact of the abuse on the child and family.
Blockade of bulky lymphoma‐associated CD55 expression by RNA interference overcomes resistance to complement‐dependent cytotoxicity with rituximab
Authors: Terui Yasuhito , Sakurai Takuma , Mishima Yuko , Mishima Yuji , Sugimura Natsuhiko , Sasaoka Chino , Kojima Kiyotsugu , Yokoyama Masahiro , Mizunuma Nobuyuki , Takahashi Shunji , Ito Yoshinori , Hatake Kiyohiko 
Published: December 2005

Recently, anti‐CD20 (rituximab) and anti‐Her2/neu (trastuzumab) antibodies have been developed and applied to the treatment of malignant lymphoma and breast cancer, respectively. However, bulky lymphoma is known to be resistant to rituximab therapy, and this needs to be overcome. Fresh lymphoma cells were collected from 30 patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, the expression of CD20 and CD55 was examined by flow cytometry, and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assays were carried out. Susceptibility to CDC with rituximab was decreased in a tumor size‐dependent manner (r = –0.895, P < 0.0001), but not in a CD20‐dependent manner (r = –0.076, P = 0.6807) using clinical samples. One complement‐inhibitory protein, CD55, contributed to bulky lymphoma‐related resistance to CDC with rituximab. A decrease in susceptibility to CDC with rituximab was statistically dependent on CD55 expression (r = –0.927, P < 0.0001) and the relationship between tumor size and CD55 expression showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.921, P < 0.0001) using clinical samples. To overcome the resistance to rituximab by high expression of CD55 in bulky lymphoma masses, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was designed from the DNA sequence corresponding to nucleic acids 1–380 of the CD55 cDNA. Introduction of this siRNA decreased CD55 expression in the breast cancer cell line SK‐BR3 and in CD20‐positive cells of patients with recurrent lymphoma; resistance to CDC was also inhibited. This observation gives us a novel strategy to suppress bulky disease‐related resistance to monoclonal antibody treatment. (Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 72–79)
Comparative analysis of the bovine MHC class IIb sequence1 identifies inversion breakpoints and three unexpected genes
Authors: Childers C. P. , Newkirk H. L. , Honeycutt D. A. , Ramlachan N. , Muzney D. M. , Sodergren E. , Gibbs R. A. , Weinstock G. M. , Womack J. E. , Skow L. C. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryThe bovine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or BoLA is organized differently from typical mammalian MHCs in that a large portion of the class II region, called class IIb, has been transposed to a position near the centromere on bovine chromosome 23. Gene mapping indicated that the rearrangement resulted from a single inversion, but the boundaries and gene content of the inverted segment have not been fully determined. Here, we report the genomic sequence of BoLA IIb. Comparative sequence analysis with the human MHC revealed that the proximal inversion breakpoint occurred approximately 2.5 kb from the 3′ end of the glutamate‐cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit (GCLC) locus and that the distal breakpoint occurred about 2 kb from the 5′ end from a divergent class IIDRβ‐like sequence designated DSB. Gene content, order and orientation of BoLA IIb are consistent with the single inversion hypothesis when compared with the corresponding region of the human class II MHC (HLA class II). Differences with HLA include the presence of a single histone H2B gene located between the proteasome subunit, beta type, 9 (PSMB9) and DMB loci and a duplicated TAP2 with a variant splice site. BoLA IIb spans approximately 450 kb DNA, with 20 apparently intact genes and no obvious pseudogenes. The region contains 227 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and approximately 167 kb of retroviral‐related repetitive DNA. Nineteen of the 20 genes identified in silico are supported by bovine EST data indicating that the functional gene content of BoLA IIb has not been diminished because it has been transposed from the remainder of BoLA genes.
Adaptive sampling and reconnaissance surveys for geostatistical mapping of the soil
Authors: Marchant B.P. , Lark R.M. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryThe effort required to survey a soil variable depends upon the acceptable uncertainty of estimates and the variogram of the variable. The variogram is unknown prior to sampling, so it must be inferred from a reconnaissance survey before an efficient survey can be designed. The results of reconnaissance surveys are subject to uncertainty, which depends upon the variogram and the number and location of observations.Here, we develop an adaptive approach for optimizing reconnaissance surveys. The observations within these reconnaissance surveys are collected in distinct phases. After each phase, a probability density function of the required sampling density of the main survey is calculated within a Bayesian framework. The number and location of observations within further phases are selected to reduce efficiently the uncertainty of the estimate of the required sampling density.In simulation studies, the number and location of observations in Bayesian adaptive reconnaissance surveys vary according to the variogram of the property of interest. For variograms with a short range, the reconnaissance surveys are intensive with a large proportion of clustered locations. Fewer, more evenly spread locations are required for variables with a long range. Bayesian adaptive reconnaissance surveys lead to more efficient surveys than conventional approaches because the reconnaissance survey is specifically designed for the variable of interest. A hand‐held field system is implemented and tested in a survey of soil moisture content over a field.
ADDICTION AND AUTONOMY: CAN ADDICTED PEOPLE CONSENT TO THE PRESCRIPTION OF THEIR DRUG OF ADDICTION?
Authors: FODDY BENNETT , SAVULESCU JULIAN 
Published: December 2005

ABSTRACTIt is often claimed that the autonomy of heroin addicts is compromised when they are choosing between taking their drug of addiction and abstaining. This is the basis of claims that they are incompetent to give consent to be prescribed heroin. We reject these claims on a number of empirical and theoretical grounds. First we argue that addicts are likely to be sober, and thus capable of rational thought, when approaching researchers to participate in research. We reject behavioural evidence purported to establish that addicts lack autonomy. We present an argument that extrinsic forces must be irresistible in order to make a choice non‐autonomous. We argue that heroin does not present such an irresistible force. We make a case that drug‐oriented desires are strong regular appetitive desires, which do not compromise consent. Finally we argue that an addict's apparent desire to engage in a harmful act cannot be construed as evidence of irrational or compulsive thought. On these arguments, a sober heroin addict must be considered competent, autonomous and capable of giving consent. More generally, any argument against legalisation of drugs or supporting infringement of the liberty of those desiring to take drugs of addiction must be based on considerations of harm and paternalism, and not on false claims that addicts lack freedom of the will.
The US Dollar and the Trade Deficit: What Accounts for the Late 1990s?*
Authors: Hunt Benjamin , Rebucci Alessandro 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBased on a version of the IMF's global economy model set up to analyse macroeconomic interdependence between the United States and the rest of the world, this paper asks to what extent accelerating productivity growth in the United States may have contributed to the US real exchange rate appreciation and the trade balance deterioration witnessed in the second half of the 1990s. The paper concludes that productivity is only part of this story. A portfolio preference shift in favour of US assets, possibly triggered by faster productivity growth, and some uncertainty and learning about the persistence of both shocks are needed to match the data more satisfactorily.