bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermanual Differences in Movement-related Interhemispheric Inhibition
Authors: Duque Julie , Murase Nagako , Celnik Pablo , Hummel Friedhelm , Harris-Love Michelle , Mazzocchio Riccardo , Olivier Etienne , Cohen Leonardo G. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) between motor cortical areas is thought to play a critical role in motor control and could influence manual dexterity. The purpose of this study was to investigate IHI preceding movements of the dominant and nondominant hands of healthy volunteers. Movement-related IHI was studied by means of a double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol in right-handed individuals in a simple reaction time paradigm. IHI targeting the motor cortex contralateral (IHIc) and ipsilateral (IHIi) to each moving finger was determined. IHIc was comparable after the go signal, a long time preceding movement onset, in both hands. Closer to movement onset, IHIc reversed into facilitation for the right dominant hand but remained inhibitory for left nondominant hand movements. IHIi displayed a nearly constant inhibition with a trough early in the premovement period in both hands. In conclusion, our results unveil a more important modulation of interhemispheric interactions during generation of dominant than nondominant hand movements. This modulation essentially consisted of a shift from a balanced IHI at rest to an IHI predominantly directed toward the ipsilateral primary motor cortex at movement onset. Such a mechanism might release muscles from inhibition in the contralateral primary motor cortex while preventing the occurrence of the mirror activity in ipsilateral primary motor cortex and could therefore contribute to intermanual differences in dexterity.
Dissociation between Striatal Regions while Learning to Categorize via Feedback and via Observation
Authors: Cincotta Corinna M. , Seger Carol A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConvergent evidence from functional imaging and from neuropsychological studies of basal ganglia disorders indicates that the striatum is involved in learning to categorize visual stimuli with feedback. However, it is unclear which cognitive process or processes involved in categorization is or are responsible for striatal recruitment; different regions of the striatum have been linked to feedback processing and to acquisition of stimulus-category associations. We examined the effect of the presence of feedback during learning on striatal recruitment by comparing feedback learning with observational learning of an information integration task. In the feedback task, participants were shown a stimulus, made a button press response, and then received feedback as to whether they had made the correct response. In the observational task, participants were given the category label before the stimulus appeared and then made a button press indicating the correct category membership. A region-of-interest analysis was used to examine activity in three regions of the striatum: the head of the caudate, body and tail of the caudate, and the putamen. Activity in the left head of the caudate was modulated by the presence of feedback: The magnitude of activation change was greater during feedback learning than during observational learning. In contrast, the bilateral body and tail of the caudate and the putamen were active to a similar degree in both feedback and observational learning. This pattern of results supports a functional dissociation between regions of the striatum, such that the head of the caudate is involved in feedback processing, whereas the body and tail of the caudate and the putamen are involved in learning stimulus-category associations. The hippocampus was active bilaterally during both feedback and observational learning, indicating potential parallel involvement with the striatum in information integration category learning.
Maintenance of Visual Stability in the Human Posterior Parietal Cortex
Authors: Chang Erik , Ro Tony 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Visual stability refers to our stable visuospatial perceptions despite the unstable visual input caused by saccades. Functional neuroimaging results, studies on patients with posterior parietal cortex (PPC) lesions, and single-unit recordings in the lateral intraparietal sulcus of primates indirectly suggest that the PPC might be a potential locus of visual stability through its involvement with spatial remapping. Here we directly explored the role of the PPC in visual stability by applying transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) while participants performed a perisaccadic displacement detection task. We show that TMS over the PPC but not a frontal control site alters sensitivity to displacement detection when administered just before contralateral saccades and that a general impairment in attention or in the perception of apparent motion cannot account for the decreased sensitivity. The specific relationship between the timing of TMS and saccade direction demonstrates that saccadic suppression of displacement (SSD) is likely a consequence of noisy contralateral spatial representations in the PPC around the time of a saccade. The same mechanism may keep the unstable visual world in the temporal proximity of saccades from reaching our consciousness.
Deceiving Others: Distinct Neural Responses of the Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala in Simple Fabrication and Deception with Social Interactions
Authors: Abe Nobuhito , Suzuki Maki , Mori Etsuro , Itoh Masatoshi , Fujii Toshikatsu 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Brain mechanisms for telling lies have been investigated recently using neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. Although the advent of these techniques has gradually enabled clarification of the functional contributions of the prefrontal cortex in deception with respect to executive function, the specific roles of subregions within the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions responsible for emotional regulation or social interactions during deception are still unclear. Assuming that the processes of falsifying truthful responses and deceiving others are differentially associated with the activities of these regions, we conducted a positron emission tomography experiment with 2 (truth, lie) × 2 (honesty, dishonesty) factorial design. The main effect of falsifying the truthful responses revealed increased brain activity of the left dorsolateral and right anterior prefrontal cortices, supporting the interpretation of previous studies that executive functions are related to making untruthful responses. The main effect of deceiving the interrogator showed activations of the ventromedial prefrontal (medial orbitofrontal) cortex and amygdala, adding new evidence that the brain regions assumed to be responsible for emotional processing or social interaction are active during deceptive behavior similar to that in real-life situations. Further analysis revealed that activity of the right anterior prefrontal cortex showed both effects of deception, indicating that this region has a pivotal role in telling lies. Our results provide clear evidence of functionally dissociable roles of the prefrontal subregions and amygdala for human deception.
Activity in the Visual Cortex is Modulated by Top-Down Attention Locked to Reaction Time
Authors: Moradi Farshad , Hipp Constanze , Koch Christof 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
We studied the correlation between perception and hemodynamic activity in the visual cortex in a change detection task. Whenever the observer perceived the location of a change, rightly or wrongly, the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal increased in the primary visual cortex and the nearby extrastriate areas above the baseline activity caused by the visual stimulation. This non-sensory-evoked activity was localized and corresponded to the perceived location of the change. When a change was missed, or when observers attended to a different task, the change failed to evoke such a response. The latency of the nonsensory component increased linearly with subjects' reaction time, with a slope of one, and its amplitude was independent of contrast. Control experiments are compatible with the hypothesis that the nonsensory hemodynamic signal is mediated by top-down spatial attention, linked to (but separate from) awareness of the change.
Modulation of Memory Formation by Stimulus Content: Specific Role of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in the Successful Encoding of Social Pictures
Authors: Harvey Philippe-Olivier , Fossati Philippe , Lepage Martin 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
It is unclear whether the involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during encoding is restricted to the evaluative processing of to-be-encoded stimuli or if it is instead actively engaged during memory formation. The difficulty of assessing the contribution of the mPFC to encoding based on previous neuroimaging studies partly arises from the use of several types of stimuli, such as emotional or social ones. These different types of stimulus content could differently modulate mPFC activity during memory formation and thus partly explain the variable contribution of this region to encoding. Using emotional/neutral and social/nonsocial pictures, we conducted an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study using a subsequent memory paradigm as the main analytical strategy. We observed that the brain activity in the dorsal and orbital mPFC is significantly and specifically predictive of the successful encoding of social compared with nonsocial pictures. In contrast, the activity in the amygdala specifically predicts the successful encoding of emotional compared with neutral pictures. The modulation of the mPFC by social information in a memory encoding context could be associated with the initiation of self-referential processes whose contribution is to enhance memory formation.
Lithium Ion Attachment Mass Spectrometry for the Direct Detection of Organoarsenic Compounds in the Metallomics Studies
Authors: Chen Lei , Suzuki Yaeko , Korenaga Takashi 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
In this study, three organoarsenic compounds including dimethylarsinic acid, trimethylarsine oxide, and arsenic ethoxide were directly detected by coupling a direct sample insertion probe with a lithium ion attachment mass spectrometer. Previously only gaseous sample could be detected by this method; however, solid and liquid samples can also be detected directly with the use of a direct sample insertion probe. This method will be applicable for the direct analysis of various organometallic compounds in the latest metallomics studies.
Enhancement of Light-induced Nucleation of Lysozyme in the Presence of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 4000
Authors: Okutsu Tetsuo , Sato Masaki , Furuta Kenji , Fujinaga Yuko , Horota Kumiko , Obi Kinichi , Horiuchi Hiroaki , Hiratsuka Hiroshi 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Light-induced nucleation of protein was greatly enhanced by an addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000. PEG affects to increase reaction rate of the photochemical intermediate to produce lysozyme dimer which is responsible for the light-induced nucleation.
Highly Conductive Polyaniline Doped with DEHSSA Synthesized in Different Protonic Acids
Authors: Lee Kwong-Seng , Hino Tetsuo , Kuramoto Noriyuki 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Conductive polyanilines doped with di-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinic acid (DEHSSA) were synthesized in different inorganic acids through emulsion polymerization. A comparison of secondary doping effect by m-cresol on the backbone conformation of the polyaniline and electrical conductivity of these samples were performed. The conductivity increases with increasing m-cresol and the highest conductivity obtained was 384 S/cm for DEHSSA-doped PANI synthesized in hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Novel 1D Hydrophobic Pore Formation by C-Terminal Amide-controlled Self-assembly of Leu–Leu–Leu–NH2 in Crystal
Authors: In Yasuko , Ishida Toshimasa 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
A unique hydrophobic pore is generated by the self-assembly of Leu–Leu–Leu–NH2 (1) in the crystal structure, in which the C-terminal amide groups induce the cylindrical arrangement of Leu side chains by intermolecular NH···O hydrogen bonds. This body-centered cubic-type pore provides a structural basis for devising the material to selectively extract low-molecular hydrophobic molecule such as methane.
Applications of Single-site Photocatalysts Implanted within the Silica Matrixes of Zeolite and Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Yamashita Hiromi , Mori Kohsuke 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The tetrahedrally coordinated metal oxide (titanium, vanadium, chromium, and molybdenum oxides) moieties can be implanted and isolated in the silica matrixes of microporous zeolite and mesoporous silica materials and named as “single-site photocatalysts.” Under UV-light irradiation these single-site photocatalysts form the charge-transfer excited state, i.e., the excited electron–hole pair state which localizes quite near to each other as compared to the electron and hole produced in semiconducting materials, plays a significant role in various photocatalytic reactions. Especially, the single-site titanium oxide photocatalyst demonstrates the high reactivity and selectivity under UV-light irradiation, while the single-site chromium oxide operates as a visible-light sensitive photocatalyst. These single-site photocatalysts not only can promote photocatalytic reactions but also can be utilized to synthesis of functional materials. The transparent mesoporous thin film with single-site photocatalyst generates the superhydrophilic surface. The nano-sized metal catalyst can be photodeposited on the excited single-site photocatalyst under UV-light irradiation.
Synthesis of Tricyclo[3.1.0.02,4]hexasilane and Its Photochemical Isomerization to Tricyclo[2.2.0.02,5]hexasilane
Authors: Iwamoto Takeaki , Uchiyama Kei , Kabuto Chizuko , Kira Mitsuo 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The first anti-tricyclo[3.1.0.02,4]hexasilane 1 was synthesized as pale yellow crystals. Irradiation (λ &gt; 370 nm) of 1 gave its skeletal isomer, tricyclo[2.2.0.02,5]hexasilane 2, in 80% yield. The photochemical [σ2s + σ2s] cycloreversion of 1 followed by the thermal [π2s + π2a] cycloaddition to 2 would explain the overall isomerization.
Reversible Luminescence Modulation in Photochromic Europium(III) Complex Having Triangle Terthiazole Ligands
Authors: Nakagawa Tetsuya , Atsumi Kazuhiko , Nakashima Takuya , Hasegawa Yasuchika , Kawai Tsuyoshi 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Luminescent EuIII complex having photochromic ligand is synthesized, and its reversible control of the luminescent properties based on photochromic reaction was demonstrated.
Efficient Conversion of NO2 into N2 and O2 in N2 or into N2O5 in Air by 172-nm Xe2 Excimer Lamp at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Tsuji Masaharu , Kawahara Masashi , Senda Makoto , Noda Kenji 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Decomposition of NO2 (200 ppm) in N2 or air by 172-nm Xe2 excimer lamp was studied at 1 atm. The NO2 conversion in N2 was 99%, and the formation ratios of N2, O2, NO, and N2O were 47, 98, 0, and 2%, respectively, after 30 min irradiation. The NO2 in air (5–20% O2) could be completely converted to N2O5 and HNO3 due to reactions by O3 and H2O after only 1.0–1.5 min irradiation. The present results give a new simple photochemical aftertreatment technique of NO2 in air without using any catalysts.
Scandium Ion-accelerated Scavenging Reaction of Cumylperoxyl Radical by a Cyclic Nitroxyl Radical via Electron Transfer
Authors: Nakanishi Ikuo , Kawaguchi Kumiko , Ohkubo Kei , Kawashima Tomonori , Manda Sushma , Kanazawa Hideko , Takeshita Keizo , Anzai Kazunori , Ozawa Toshihiko , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Ikota Nobuo 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
A cyclic nitroxyl radical used as a spin probe efficiently scavenges cumylperoxyl radical in an aprotic medium via an electron-transfer process, which is significantly accelerated by the presence of scandium ion.
DNA Conformational Switching by Use of an Intercalator and Its Receptor
Authors: Nishimura Tomoki , Takeda Yoichi , Shimada Naohiko , Sakurai Kazuo 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
DNA conformational switching between B and Z forms was controlled with tilorone (intercalator) and sulfocalix[8]arene (C8AS, receptor for tilorone). When tilorone was added to the Z-DNA that had been beforehand induced by cobalt hexamine, the conformational transition from Z to B form was induced. The resultant B-DNA was turned back to Z-DNA by adding C8AS. This change was a clear-cut transition because most of the intercalated tilorone molecules were pulled out and captured by C8AS. This mechanism was established by isothermal titration calorimetry in which the binding constant of tilorone to C8AS was shown twice larger than that of tilorone/DNA.
Morphological Control to Kneed Gold Nanowire through Initial Mixing in Polyol Process
Authors: Lee Jong-Hee , Kamada Kai , Enomoto Naoya , Hojo Junichi 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Various kneed gold nanowires with unique morphology were prepared by reducing hydrogen tetrachloroaurate through polyol process in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The kneed nanowires were ca. 150 nm in thickness and ca. 14 μm in length. Initial injection and dropping rate of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4) and PVP solutions into ethylene glycol were keys to induce formation of kneed gold nanowires.
Association of the VDR Translation Start Site Polymorphism and Fracture Risk in Older Women
Authors: Moffett Susan P , Zmuda Joseph M , Cauley Jane A , Ensrud Kristine E , Hillier Teresa A , Hochberg Marc C , Li Jia , Cayabyab Shelia , Lee Jocelyn M , Peltz Gary , Cummings Steven R 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
We evaluated the association between the VDR translation start site polymorphism and osteoporotic phenotypes among 6698 older white women. Women with the C/C genotype had lower wrist BMD and an increased risk of wrist and all non-spine/low-trauma fractures. The high frequency of this variant confers a population attributable risk that is similar to several established risk factors for fracture.
Introduction: The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a nuclear receptor that regulates bone formation, bone resorption, and calcium homeostasis. A common C to T polymorphism in exon 2 of the VDR gene introduces a new translation start site and a protein that differs in length by three amino acids (T = 427aa, C = 424aa; rs10735810).
Materials and Methods: We conducted genetic association analyses of this polymorphism, BMD, and fracture outcomes in a prospective cohort of 6698 white American women ≥65 years of age. Incident fractures were confirmed by physician adjudication of radiology reports. There were 2532 incident nontraumatic/nonvertebral fractures during 13.6 yr of follow-up including 509 wrist and 703 hip fractures.
Results: Women with the C/C genotype had somewhat lower distal radius BMD compared with those with the T/T genotype (CC = 0.358 g/cm2, CT = 0.361 g/cm2, TT = 0.369 g/cm2, p = 0.003). The C/C genotype was also associated with increased risk of non-spine, low traumatic fractures (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.33) and wrist fractures (HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.75) compared with the T/T genotype in age-adjusted models. Further adjustments for distal radius BMD only slightly attenuated these associations. The VDR polymorphism was not associated with hip fracture. The population attributable risk (PAR) of the C/C genotype for incident fractures was 6.1%. The PAR for established risk factors for fracture were: low femoral neck BMD (PAR = 16.3%), maternal history of fracture (PAR = 5.1%), low body weight (PAR = 5.3%), corticosteroid use (PAR = 1.3%), and smoking (PAR = 1.6%). Similar PAR results were observed for wrist fractures.
Conclusions: The common and potentially functional VDR translation start site polymorphism confers a modestly increased relative risk of fracture among older white women. However, the high frequency of this variant confers a population attributable risk that is similar to or greater than several established risk factors for fracture.
Effect of 2-Methylene-19-nor-(20S)-1α-Hydroxy-Bishomopregnacalciferol (2MbisP), an Analog of Vitamin D, on Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Slatopolsky Eduardo , Finch Jane L , Brown Alex J , Ritter Cynthia S , Mizobuchi Masahide , Plum Lori A , Clagett-Dame Margaret , Sicinski Rafal R , DeLuca Hector F 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Vitamin D analogs are being developed that retain therapeutic effects but are less calcemic and phosphatemic, a concern in CKD patients who are prone to vascular calcification. We tested a new analog of vitamin D, 2MbisP, and found that it suppresses PTH at doses that do not affect serum Ca or P.
Introduction: Calcitriol is used for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, its use is often limited by the development of hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, an important consideration in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) because they are prone to vascular calcification. To minimize this toxicity, structural modifications in the vitamin D molecule have led to the development of calcitriol analogs with selective actions.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we compared the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and a new analog, 2-methylene-19-nor-(20S)-1α-hydroxy-bishomopregnacalciferol (2MbisP), on the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism and established secondary hyperparathyroidism in uremic rats and on mobilization of calcium and phosphorus from bone in parathyroidectomized rats. The clearance from circulation, half-life, and binding affinities to the vitamin D–binding protein and vitamin D receptor of this compound were also evaluated.
Results: Uremia produced a marked rise in plasma PTH, but treatment every other day for 2 wk with either 1,25(OH)2D3 (4 ng) or 2MbisP (250, 750, 1500, or 3000 ng) suppressed this increase by &gt;50%. The suppression by 1,25(OH)2D3, however, was accompanied by increases in ionized calcium, phosphorus, and the calcium × phosphorus product, whereas these three parameters were unchanged by 2MbisP. The binding affinity of 2MbisP was 10–20 times less for the vitamin D receptor and 1000 times less for the serum vitamin D–binding protein compared with 1,25(OH)2D3. Also, 2MbisP was cleared more rapidly from the circulation (t½ = 10 min) than 1,25-(OH)2D3 (t½=7–9 h). In parathyroidectomized rats fed calcium-or phosphorus-deficient diets, daily injections of 2MbisP (1500 or 3000 ng), unlike 1,25(OH)2D3 (50 ng), had no effect on calcium or phosphorus mobilization from bone.
Conclusions: In uremic rats, 2MbisP can suppress PTH at doses that do not affect plasma calcium, phosphorus, and calcium × phosphorus product. This new vitamin D analog may represent an important tool in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with CKD.