bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Pneumonia in Older Adults: Effect of Functional Status
Authors: Mody Lona , Sun Rongjun , Bradley Suzanne F. 
Published: June 2006

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the effect of preadmission functional status on severity of pneumonia, length of hospital stay (LOS), and all‐cause 30‐day and 1‐year mortality of adults aged 60 and older and to understand the effect of pneumonia on short‐term functional impairment.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.SETTING: University hospital.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred twelve patients with radiograph‐proven pneumonia (mean age 74.6) were enrolled.MEASUREMENTS: Functional status and comorbidities were assessed using the Functional Autonomy Measurement System (SMAF) and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Clinical information was used to calculate the Pneumonia Prognostic Index (PPI).RESULTS: Eighty‐four (75%) patients were functionally independent (FI) before admission, with a SMAF score of 40 or lower. Dementia and aspiration history were higher in the group that was functionally dependent (FD) before admission (P<.001). The FI group had less‐severe pneumonia per the PPI and shorter mean LOS±standard deviation (5.62±0.51 days) than the FD group (11.42±2.58, P<.004). The FI group had lower 1‐year mortality (19/65, 23%) than the FD group (14/28, 50%), and the difference remained significant after adjusting for Charlson Index and severity of illness (P=.009). All patients lost function after admission, with loss being more pronounced in the FI group (mean change 19.24±12.9 vs 4.72±6.55, P<.001).CONCLUSION: Older adults who were FI before admission were more likely to present with less‐severe pneumonia and have a shorter LOS. In addition, further loss of function was common in these patients. Assessment of function before and during hospitalization should be an integral part of clinical evaluation in all older adults with pneumonia.
Does Social Activity Influence the Accuracy of Subjective Memory Deficit? Findings from a British Community Survey
Authors: Trouton Alex , Stewart Robert , Prince Martin 
Published: June 2006

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between subjective memory deficit (SMD) and cognitive impairment in a community population and modification of this association by level of social activity.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional survey.SETTING: A defined geographic catchment area in north London, England.PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred fifty‐four residents aged 65 and older.MEASURMENTS: SMD and cognitive impairment were derived from the relevant sections of the short Comprehensive Assessment and Referral Evaluation instrument, and social activity was derived from the Social Support Deficit Scale. Potential confounding factors taken into account included depression and level of functioning.RESULTS: Twenty‐nine percent of the sample reported SMD, which was associated with objective impairment (odds ratio (OR)=3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.1–5.8). This association was stronger in participants with higher social activity (OR=6.1, 95% CI=2.9–13.0) than in those who were more isolated (OR=1.8, 95% CI=0.8–3.8). The interaction with social activity remained significant after adjustment for potential confounding factors (P=.03).CONCLUSION: A person's social environment influences the accuracy of SMD. This may reflect the level of cognitive demands encountered in daily life or the extent to which others notice cognitive impairment.
Differential distribution of antibodies to different viruses in young animals in the free‐ranging rhesus macaques of Cayo Santiago
Authors: Sariol C.A. , González‐Martínez J. , Arana T. , Gascot S. , Suárez E. , Maldonado E. , Gerald M.S. , Rodríguez M. , Kraiselburd E.N. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground  The breeding colony of free‐ranging rhesus macaques was established in 1938 in Cayo Santiago (CS) with animals collected in northern India. The seroprevalence to cercopithecine herpesvirus type 1 (B virus) and simian retroviruses has been studied previously.Results  This is the first report on the seropositivity to different viruses using samples collected shortly after removing animals (n = 245) from CS. All samples were negative for measles, simian immunodeficiency virus and simian type D retroviruses. The overall prevalence of antibodies was around 50% for simian T‐lymphotropic virus I (STLV‐I). For B virus, the prevalence was 38%.Conclusions  Data obtained showed marked differences in the antibody distribution to B virus and STLV‐I within the free‐ranging colony of rhesus macaques. Implication of these data for the Specific Pathogen Free program at the Caribbean Primate Research Center are also discussed.
Immunohistochemical detection of MT1‐MMP, RECK, and EMMPRIN in ameloblastic tumors
Authors: Kumamoto H. , Ooya K. 
Published: June 2006

Background:  To evaluate the roles of matrix‐degrading proteinase regulators in progression of odontogenic tumors, expression of membrane‐bound matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) MT1‐MMP, MMP inhibitor RECK and MMP inducer EMMPRIN was analyzed in ameloblastic tumors as well as in tooth germs.Methods:  Tissue specimens of 11 tooth germs, 40 ameloblastomas, and five malignant ameloblastic tumors were examined immunohistochemically with the use of antibodies against MT1‐MMP, RECK, and EMMPRIN.Results:  Immunohistochemical reactivity for MT1‐MMP, RECK and EMMPRIN was detected predominantly in odontogenic epithelial cells near the basement membrane in tooth germs and benign and malignant ameloblastic tumors. The level of immunoreactivity for MT1‐MMP was slightly higher in benign and malignant ameloblastic tumors than in tooth germs. RECK expression was lower in ameloblastomas than in tooth germs. Follicular ameloblastomas showed significantly lower expression of RECK than plexiform ameloblastomas, and immunoreactivity for RECK in acanthomatous ameloblastomas was slightly lower than that in other cellular variants.Conclusion:  Expression of MT1‐MMP, RECK and EMMPRIN in tooth germs and ameloblastic tumors suggests that these normal and neoplastic epithelial components control MMP‐dependent extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation during tooth development and tumor progression via epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions.
Expression of tumor‐associated antigen RCAS1 and its possible involvement in immune evasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Toyoshima T. , Nakamura S. , Kumamaru W. , Kawamura E. , Ishibashi H. , Hayashida J‐N. , Moriyama M. , Ohyama Y. , Sasaki M. , Shirasuna K. 
Published: June 2006

Background:  RCAS1 (receptor‐binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells) is known to induce apoptosis in its receptor‐positive cells. The authors investigated RCAS1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and its association with the apoptosis of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).Methods:  In 130 patients with oral SCC, the expression of RCAS1 in tumor cells was immunohistochemically examined and the apoptosis of TILs was examined by Terminal Deoxynucleotidyltransferase‐mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) staining.Results:  RCAS1 was detected both on the cytoplasm and the membrane of tumor cells in 41 of 130 cases (31.5%). Focusing on the expression at the invasive front interacting with host immune cells, RCAS1 was detected in 22 of 130 cases (16.9%). The percentage of TUNEL‐positive TILs in cases with RCAS1‐positive SCCs was significantly higher than in cases with RCAS1‐negative SCCs (P < 0.0001).Conclusions:  RCAS1 can be expressed on oral SCC cells and may be involved in the tumor escape from the host immune system by inducing the apoptosis of TILs.
Genetic Diversity of Soybean and the Establishment of a Core Collection Focused on Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode
Authors: Ma Yan‐Song , Wang Wen‐Hui , Wang Li‐Xia , Ma Feng‐Ming , Wang Pei‐Wu , Chang Ru‐Zhen , Qiu Li‐Juan 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSoybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) is one of the most important pests affecting soybean production. The best method of control of SCN is through the development of resistant cultivars. However, limited progress has been made in soybean breeding in China because most modern cultivars have no resistance to SCN. The distribution and phenotype of 432 immune or highly resistant Chinese accessions were surveyed and a primary core collection was selected as a representative sample for further analyses. Using evenly distributed simple sequence repeat markers, five selection methods were applied to the primary core collection and the optimal method was chosen to establish a core collection, which consisted of 28 accessions. These encompassed 70.8% of the allelic variation present in the overall resistant collection. The 28 accessions differed from the reference resistant accessions at the genomic level, indicating that Chinese resistant accessions are distinct from known resistant accessions. This applied core collection provides a rational framework for undertaking diversity surveys, using genetic variation for the investigation of complex traits and for the discovery of novel traits.(Managing editor: Li‐Hui)
Comparison of Classical Models for Evaluating the Heat Requirements of Olive (Olea europeae L.) in Portugal
Authors: Ribeiro Helena , Cunha Mário , Abreu Ilda 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy and reproducibility of six statistical models for the calculation of olive (Olea europeae L.) heat requirements to trigger the onset of flowering in three Portuguese regions: Reguengos de Monsaraz, Valença do Douro, and Braga. Other aims were to ascertain the date on which the heat‐accumulation period started and the threshold temperatures above which the development of reproductive structures starts in olives. The starting and peak dates for the regional O. europeae flowering season were estimated by monitoring airborne pollen from 1998 to 2004 using “Cour” type samplers. The threshold temperature values calculated for the three regions were very similar (9.0 °C for Valença do Douro, 9.2 °C for Reguengos de Monsaraz, and 9.7 °C for Braga). The accumulated daily mean temperature model had less interannual and inter‐regional variation, showing best predictive results for 2004, with absolute differences between the observed and predicted dates of 4 d in Reguengos de Monsaraz and 2 d in Valença do Douro and Braga for the onset of flowering date and of 2 d in Reguengos de Monsaraz, 7 d in Valença do Douro, and 4 d in Braga for peak flowering dates. This model was the most accurate, reproducible, and operational to calculate heat requirements for olives to flower, with an average mean temperature accumulation of 1 446 °C in Reguengos, 1 642 °C in Valença do Douro, and 1 703 °C in Braga to reach the onset of flowering. The best initial date for this accumulation was 1 January.(Managing editor: Wei Wang)
Gender differences in the insulin‐like growth factor axis response to a glucose load
Authors: Flanagan D. E. , Holt R. I. G. , Owens P. C. , Cockington R. J. , Moore V. M. , Robinson J. S. , Godsland I. F. , Phillips D. I. W. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAims:  The insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) are thought to contribute to glucose homeostasis. The aim of our study was to examine the response of the IGFs and their binding proteins to an intravenous load of glucose in a cohort of young men and women with normal glucose tolerance.Methods:  The intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was used to quantify insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in 160 adults aged 20–21 years in Adelaide, Australia. Serum IGF‐I, IGF‐II, IGF‐binding protein (IGFBP)‐1 and IGFBP‐3 were measured during the IVGTT.Results:  Women were less insulin sensitive than men with higher fasting insulin (women 55.6 ± 4.4, men 44.1 ± 3.6 pmol L−1, P = 0.001) and first phase insulin secretion (women 3490 ± 286, men 3038 ± 271 pmol L−1 min, P = 0.042). Women showed lower fasting free IGF‐I (women 0.29 ± 0.02, men 0.36 ± 0.02 μg L−1, P = 0.004) but higher IGFBP‐3 (women 46.3 ± 0.53, men 43.3 ± 0.58 mg dL−1, P = 0.001) and higher IGFBP‐1 concentrations (women 37.0 ± 2.9, men 24.8 ± 2.3 μg L−1, P = 0.012). IGFBP‐1 fell by 5 min and remained suppressed. IGFBP‐3 and total IGF‐I fell until 60 min rising again by 2 h. IGF and IGFBP values were all higher in women. IGFBP‐1 showed a negative association with fasting and stimulated insulin concentrations in both genders. First phase insulin secretion however showed positive correlations with IGFBP‐3 (r = 0.321, P = 0.004) and IGF‐I (r = 0.339 P = 0.002) in men but not women.Conclusion:  Our data show that IGFBP‐1, IGFBP‐3 and IGF‐I show acute changes following a glucose load and there are marked gender differences in these responses.
Correlation of Cytokine Gene Expression with Pathology in White-Tailed Deer (
Odocoileus virginianus
) Infected with
Mycobacterium bovis
Authors: Thacker Tyler C. , Palmer Mitchell V. , Waters W. Ray 
Published: June 2006

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium bovis
-infected white-tailed deer (WTD) in northeast Michigan are a reservoir of mycobacteria that pose a threat to both domestic animals and humans. Relatively little work has been done to characterize the immune response of WTD to
M. bovis
infection; however, an understanding of the immune response to infection and pathogenesis may be critical to the development of an effective vaccine. Immunological responses to infection were characterized by monitoring cytokine gene expression in
M. bovis
-infected and uninfected deer. Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from infected WTD expressed more gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40), granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, and IL-4 mRNA than did PBL from uninfected deer; however, differences were not detected in expression of IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β mRNA. Infected animals could be divided into two groups based on pathology. Lesions were confined primarily to the lymph nodes of the head in animals with less severe pathology. Animals with more severe pathology had lesions in the lung and associated lymph nodes as well as the lymph nodes of the head. More robust IFN-γ mRNA expression correlated with pathology early in infection. These findings indicate that IFN-γ expression likely plays a role in both protection and pathogenesis.
Immune Responses to Defined Antigens of
Mycobacterium bovis
in Cattle Experimentally Infected with
Mycobacterium kansasii
Authors: Waters W. R. , Palmer M. V. , Thacker T. C. , Payeur J. B. , Harris N. B. , Minion F. C. , Greenwald R. , Esfandiari J. , Andersen P. , McNair J. , Pollock J. M. , Lyashchenko K. P. 
Published: June 2006

ABSTRACT

Cross-reactive responses elicited by exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria often confound the interpretation of antemortem tests for
Mycobacterium bovis
infection of cattle. The use of specific proteins (e.g., ESAT-6, CFP-10, and MPB83), however, generally enhances the specificity of bovine tuberculosis tests. While genes for these proteins are absent from many nontuberculous mycobacteria, they are present in
M. kansasii
. Instillation of
M. kansasii
into the tonsillar crypts of calves elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity and in vitro gamma interferon and nitrite concentration responses of leukocytes to
M. avium
and
M. bovis
purified protein derivatives (PPDs). While the responses of
M. kansasii
-inoculated calves to
M. avium
and
M. bovis
PPDs were approximately equivalent, the responses of
M. bovis
-inoculated calves to
M. bovis
PPD exceeded their respective responses to
M. avium
PPD. The gamma interferon and nitrite responses of
M. kansasii
-inoculated calves to recombinant ESAT-6-CFP-10 (rESAT-6-CFP-10) exceeded corresponding responses of noninoculated calves as early as 15 and 30 days after inoculation, respectively, and persisted throughout the study. The gamma interferon and nitrite responses of
M. bovis
-inoculated calves to rESAT-6-CFP-10 exceeded the corresponding responses of
M. kansasii
-inoculated calves beginning 30 days after inoculation. By using a lipoarabinomannan-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, specific serum antibodies were detected as early as 50 days after challenge with
M. kansasii
. By a multiantigen print immunoassay and immunoblotting, serum antibodies to MPB83, but not ESAT-6 or CFP-10, were detected in
M. kansasii
-inoculated calves; however, responses to MPB83 were notably weaker than those elicited by
M. bovis
infection. These findings indicate that
M. kansasii
infection of calves elicits specific responses that may confound the interpretation of bovine tuberculosis tests.
Comparison of Two Hepatitis B Vaccines (GeneVac-B and Engerix-B) in Healthy Infants in India
Authors: Shivananda  , Somani Virbhadra , Srikanth B. S. , Mohan M. , Kulkarni P. S. 
Published: June 2006

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis B is a major problem in many parts of the world. The WHO has recommended the inclusion of hepatitis B vaccines in routine immunization schedules. We wanted to compare two recombinant hepatitis B vaccines in an infant population for immunogenicity and reactogenicity when given at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. One hundred seventy-three infants meeting eligibility criteria were given either GeneVac-B (Serum Institute of India Ltd.) or Engerix-B (GlaxoSmithKline Beecham) in a random fashion. Three 0.5-ml (10-μg) doses of the vaccines were given at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age along with diphtheria-pertussis (whole cell)-tetanus (DTPw) vaccine. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 1 month after administration of the third dose of the vaccines to measure anti-HBs antibody levels. Seroconversion was defined as a titer of more than 1 × 10
−3
IU/ml, while seroprotection was defined as a titer of more than 10 × 10
−3
IU/ml. Of the GeneVac-B recipients, 98% seroconverted versus 99% of the Engerix-B group. The anti-HBs geometric mean titer was slightly greater for GeneVac-B (229 × 10
−3
IU/ml) than for Engerix-B (167 × 10
−3
IU/ml), but the difference was not significant. The seroprotection rates were similar for both vaccines (96% and 95%, respectively). The most common systemic reaction events were mild to moderate fever, excessive crying, local swelling, rash, and irritability, and the local reactions were redness, induration, and edema, which most probably were caused by the simultaneously administered DTPw vaccine. All events were transient and resolved without sequelae. Reactogenicity was similar for the two vaccines. The present study shows that GeneVac-B is as immunogenic and as well tolerated as Engerix-B when administered with DTPw vaccine at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age.
Sequence-Based Typing of
Mycoplasma genitalium
Reveals Sexual Transmission
Authors: Hjorth Sofie Vetli , Björnelius Eva , Lidbrink Peter , Falk Lars , Dohn Birthe , Berthelsen Lene , Ma Liang , Martin David H. , Jensen Jørgen Skov 
Published: June 2006

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma genitalium
causes male nonchlamydial, nongonococcal urethritis and is associated with cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women. Epidemiological studies indicate that
M. genitalium
is sexually transmitted, and the aim of the present study was to further substantiate this by means of a DNA typing system. A typing assay based on a diagnostic
mgpB
gene PCR was developed, evaluated, and applied directly to urogenital specimens. The assay had a low limit of detection and hence a high typeability. Sequences of isolates from 52 unrelated patients were divided into 29 different sequence types, giving a discriminatory index of 0.95. Two to six
M. genitalium
-positive specimens were collected from each of 44 patients over a median interval of 56 days (range, 11 to 1,395). Forty had the same sequence type in consecutive specimens. Specimens collected from two men were repeatedly positive at intervals of 472 and 1,395 days, respectively, but the sequence types had changed. A new strain was introduced in one sexual dyad, and the sequence types changed subsequently. Seventy-nine
M. genitalium
-positive specimens from 19 couples were investigated, and all partners initially had concordant sequence types, but one couple had discordant types at one time point before a newly introduced strain took over. The present typing system is simple and reproducible and has an excellent discriminatory capacity which might prove useful in studies of sexual networks and for evaluation of treatment failures. In the laboratory, this system may document the uniqueness of newly isolated
M. genitalium
strains.
Enhanced Detection and Typing of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in Anogenital Samples with PGMY Primers and the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test
Authors: Coutlée François , Rouleau Danielle , Petignat Patrick , Ghattas Georges , Kornegay Janet R. , Schlag Peter , Boyle Sean , Hankins Catherine , Vézina Sylvie , Coté Pierre , Macleod John , Voyer Hélène , Forest Pierre , Walmsley Sharon ,   The Canadian Women's HIV Study Group, Franco Eduardo 
Published: June 2006

ABSTRACTThe Roche PGMY primer-based research prototype line blot assay (PGMY-LB) is a convenient tool in epidemiological studies for the detection and typing of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. This assay has been optimized and is being commercialized as the Linear Array HPV genotyping test (LA-HPV). We assessed the agreement between LA-HPV and PGMY-LB for detection and typing of 37 HPV genotypes in 528 anogenital samples (236 anal, 146 physician-collected cervical, and 146 self-collected cervicovaginal swabs) obtained from human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive individuals (236 men and 146 women). HPV DNA was detected in 433 (82.0%) and 458 (86.7%) samples with PGMY-LB and LA-HPV (P= 0.047), respectively, for an excellent agreement of 93.8% (kappa = 0.76). Of the 17,094 HPV typing results, 16,562 (1,743 positive and 14,819 negative results) were concordant between tests (agreement = 96.9%; kappa = 0.76). The mean agreement between tests for each type was 96.4% ± 2.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 95.6% to 97.2%; range, 86% to 100%), for an excellent mean kappa value of 0.85 ± 0.10 (95% CI, 0.82 to 0.87). However, detection rates for most HPV types were greater with LA-HPV. The mean number of types per sample detected by LA-HPV (4.2 ± 3.4; 95% CI, 3.9 to 4.5; median, 3.0) was greater than that for PGMY-LB (3.4 ± 3.0; 95% CI, 3.1 to 3.6; median, 2.0) (P< 0.001). The number of types detected in excess by LA-HPV in anal samples correlated with the number of types per sample (r= 0.49 ± 0.06;P= 0.001) but not with patient age (r= 0.03 ± 0.06;P= 0.57), CD4 cell counts (r= 0.06 ± 0.06;P= 0.13), or the grade of anal disease (r= −0.11 ± 0.06;P= 0.07). LA-HPV compared favorably with PGMY-LB but yielded higher detection rates for newer and well-known HPV types.
Value of the Chlorhexidine Decontamination Method for Recovery of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Sputum Samples of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Ferroni Agnès , Vu-Thien Hoang , Lanotte Philippe , Le Bourgeois Muriel , Sermet-Gaudelus Isabelle , Fauroux Brigitte , Marchand Sophie , Varaigne Françoise , Berche Patrick , Gaillard Jean-Louis , Offredo Catherine 
Published: June 2006

ABSTRACT

The chlorhexidine method was compared to the
N
-acetyl-
l
-cysteine-NaOH-oxalic acid decontamination method currently recommended for the recovery of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from patients with cystic fibrosis. Sputum samples (
n
= 827) treated with chlorhexidine yielded twice as many NTM-positive cultures as those treated by the reference method (54 [6.50%] versus 27 [3.25%];
P
< 0.0001) despite a higher contamination rate (20% versus 14.2%;
P
= 0.0017).