bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of human brain tumor heterogeneity using multiple T1‐based MRI signal weighting approaches
Authors: Donahue Manus J. , Blakeley Jaishri O. , Zhou Jinyuan , Pomper Martin G. , Laterra John , van Zijl Peter C.M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractVascular‐space‐occupancy (VASO) MRI without contrast injection was explored for imaging cerebral blood volume (CBV) and tissue heterogeneity in gliomas (n = 10). VASO contrast complemented contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted (GAD‐T1w), FLAIR and T1w magnetization‐prepared‐rapid‐gradient‐echo (MPRAGE) images. High‐grade gliomas showed a VASO‐outlined hyperintense zone corresponding to long‐T1 regions in MPRAGE and to nonenhancing regions in GAD‐T1w images. FLAIR, MPRAGE, and VASO data were used to segment tumors into multiple zones of different T1. After removal of known resection areas using pre‐ and postsurgical MRI, the volume of overlap between the hyperintense VASO‐zone and the long‐T1 MPRAGE zone correlated with that of GAD‐T1w enhancement (R2 = 0.99) and tumor grade. Based on these correlations, this remaining long T1 overlap area was tentatively assigned to necrosis. In one promising case the collective T1‐weighted approach accurately identified a low‐grade glioma despite the presence of contrast enhancement in GAD‐T1w images consequential to chemoradiation‐associated treatment effect. The results suggest that this collective T1‐weighted approach may provide useful information for regional assessment of heterogeneous tumors and for guiding treatment‐related decisions in patients with gliomas. Magn Reson Med, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of antidepressant use in Nova Scotia, Canada and Australia
Authors: Smith Alesha J , Sketris Ingrid , Cooke Charmaine , Gardner David , Kisely Steve , Tett Susan E 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPurposeThe prevalence of major depression is reported as approximately 8% in Canada and 7.5% in Australia, the use of antidepressants is therefore common. However, questions remain about whether depression is under‐diagnosed and whether patients are appropriately treated with antidepressants once the disorder is recognized. We compared the use of antidepressant medicines, in Nova Scotia, Canada and Australia, in populations receiving public drug subsidy.MethodsThe Nova Scotia Pharmacare Program and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme in Australia were used to obtain dispensing data for all publicly subsidized antidepressants. Utilization was compared from 2000–2003, using the World Health Organisation Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC)/Defined Daily Dose (DDD) system.ResultsThe use of antidepressants increased in both areas over the study period. However, the use of antidepressants in Nova Scotia increased at a significantly higher rate than Australia. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were the most commonly prescribed class of drugs in both areas, constituting 60% of all antidepressants prescribed. Eight different antidepressants made up 90% of the antidepressant drug use in Australia, with sertraline the most commonly prescribed. Similarly, nine different antidepressants made up 90% of the antidepressant use in Nova Scotia, with paroxetine most commonly prescribed.ConclusionsThis study found differences in the rate but not class of antidepressant prescribing in Nova Scotia and Australia. Antidepressant use increased in both areas over the time period. This may be due to increased exposure to marketing, promotion, education or different prescribing practices in Nova Scotia compared to Australia. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and outcome in patients with non‐chemotherapy agranulocytosis
Authors: Ibáñez L. , Sabaté M. , Ballarín E. , Puig R. , Vidal X. , Laporte J.‐R. ,   and the Agranulocytosis and Aplastic Anaemia Study Group of Barcelona
Published: January 2008

AbstractPurposeThe use of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) in the treatment of non‐chemotherapy drug‐ induced agranulocytosis is controversial. We aimed at assessing the effect of G‐CSF on the duration of agranulocytosis.MethodsTo assess the effect of G‐CSF on the duration of agranulocytosis, a Cox proportional hazard model with an estimated propensity score covariate adjusting for several prognostic factors was used.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐five episodes of agranulocytosis were prospectively collected from January 1994 to December 2000 in Barcelona (Spain). No differences were found in the case‐fatality rate between treated (9 of 101, 8.9%) and not treated (5 of 44, 11.4%) patients. The median time to reach a neutrophil count ≥1.0 × 109/L was 5 days (95%CI 5–6) in patients treated with G‐CSF compared to 7 days (95%CI 6–8) in those not treated, with a hazard ratio of 1.58 (95% CI 1.1–2.3).ConclusionsG‐CSF shortens time to recovery in patients with agranulocytosis. However, as an effect on case‐fatality has not been recorded, and data on cost‐effectiveness are lacking, it would be wise to restrict its use to high‐risk patients. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic impacts of glyphosate‐resistant crops
Authors: Gianessi Leonard P 
Published: January 2008

AbstractGlyphosate‐resistant crops have been widely planted since their introduction in 1996. Growers have numerous choices for herbicide treatments and have chosen to plant glyphosate‐resistant crops on the basis of economic factors. The economic effects of the widespread planting of glyphosate‐resistant crops have included reductions in herbicide expenses, increases in seed costs, increased yield and changes in the relative profitability of crops that has resulted in changes in which crops are planted. In addition, non‐pecuniary benefits have accrued as a result of the simplicity of weed management in the glyphosate‐resistant crop systems. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Cooperative nanosystems
Authors: Guarise Cristian , Manea Flavio , Zaupa Giovanni , Pasquato Lucia , Prins Leonard J. , Scrimin Paolo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMultivalent systems are well known for their enhanced ability to bind multivalent counterparts. This contribution addresses the question whether they can also behave as cooperative catalysts. Analyzing examples from our own laboratory we show that self‐assembled systems obtained by covering gold nanoclusters with thiol‐terminated amino acids and peptides behave indeed as cooperative catalysts. By comparing their activity profiles with those of discrete, multivalent systems we show what are minimal conditions to elicit cooperativity in multivalent systems. Reactions taken into considerations for our analysis are the hydrolyses of carboxylate‐ and phosphate esters. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection and quantification of sucrose as dietary biomarker using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry
Authors: Kuhnle Gunter G. C. , Joosen Annemiek M. C. P. , Wood Tommy R. , Runswick Shirley A. , Griffin Julian L. , Bingham Sheila A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSeveral epidemiological studies suggest a link between the intake of refined sugars and an increased risk for colorectal, breast, pancreatic and endometrial cancer. However, other studies failed to confirm these conclusions and the reason for this may be the ambiguity of dietary assessment methods – mainly self‐reporting – employed. Sucrose is an established biomarker for sugars intake, allowing the objective assessment of dietary sucrose. So far, urinary excretion of sucrose was mainly determined using an enzyme assay. However, this method is time‐consuming and labour‐intensive. In this study, we present a mass spectrometric method for the determination of sucrose in urine using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) which can be used for large‐scale epidemiological studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
6α‐Methylandrostenedione: gas chromatographic mass spectrometric detection in doping control
Authors: Parr Maria K. , Kazlauskas Rymantas , Schlörer Nils , Opfermann Georg , Piper Thomas , Schulze Gabriele , Schänzer Wilhelm 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn recent years products containing 6α‐methylandrost‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione have appeared on the sport supplement market. Scientific studies have proven aromatase inhibition and anabolic and mild androgenic properties; however, no preparation has been approved for medical use up to now. In sports 6α‐methylandrost‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione has to be classified as a prohibited substance according to the regulations of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). For the detection of its misuse the metabolism was studied following the administration of two preparations obtained from the Internet (Formadrol and Methyl‐1‐Pro). Several metabolites as well as the parent compounds were synthesized and the structures of 3α‐hydroxy‐6α‐methyl‐5β‐androstan‐17‐one, 6α‐methylandrost‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione, and 5β‐dihydromedroxyprogesterone were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The main metabolite, 3α‐hydroxy‐6α‐methyl‐5β‐androstan‐17‐one, was found to be excreted as glucuronide and was still detectable in µg/mL amounts until urine collection was terminated (after 25 h). Additionally, samples from routine human sports doping control had already tested positive for the presence of metabolites of 6α‐methylandrost‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione. Screening analysis can be easily performed by the existing screening procedure for anabolic steroids using 3α‐hydroxy‐6α‐methyl‐5β‐androstan‐17‐one as target substance (limit of detection <10 ng/mL). Its discrimination from the closely eluting drostanolone metabolite, 3α‐hydroxy‐2α‐methyl‐5α‐androstan‐17‐one, is possible as the mono‐TMS derivative. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of atenolol transformation products on light‐activated TiO2 surface by high‐performance liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Medana Claudio , Calza Paola , Carbone Francesco , Pelizzetti Ezio , Hidaka Hisao , Baiocchi Claudio 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe have studied the photocatalytic transformation of atenolol, 4‐[2‐hydroxy‐3‐[(1‐methyl)amino]propoxyl]benzeneacetamide, a cardioselective β‐blocking agent used to treat cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension, under simulated solar irradiation using titanium dioxide as photocatalyst. The investigation involved monitoring drug decomposition, identifying intermediate compounds, assessing mineralization, and evaluating toxicity. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) via an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface was a powerful tool for the identification and measurement of the degradation products; 23 main species were identified. Intermediates were characterized through their chromatographic behavior and evolution kinetics, coupled with accurate mass information. Through the full analysis of MS and MSn spectra and a comparison with parent drug fragmentation pathways, the diverse isomers were characterized. Neither atenolol nor the intermediates formed exhibit acute toxicity. All intermediates are easily degraded and no compound identified could withstand 2 h irradiation. Photomineralization of the substrate in terms of carbon mineralization and nitrogen release was rapid and, within 4 h of irradiation, organic nitrogen and carbon were completely mineralized. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiation of diastereomeric cyclic β‐amino acids by varying the neutral reagent in ion/molecule reactions studied by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Hyyryläinen Anna R. M. , Pakarinen Jaana M. H. , Vainiotalo Pirjo , Fülöp Ferenc 
Published: January 2008

AbstractStereochemical differentiation of diasteromeric pairs of cis‐ and trans‐2‐aminocyclohexane‐, ‐2‐amino‐4‐cyclohexene‐, and ‐2‐aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acids was investigated with host–guest complexes where tetraethyl resorcarene was the host molecule. Diastereoselectivity was evaluated by ion/molecule reactions and collision‐induced dissociation with electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI‐FTICRMS). The effect of varying the neutral reagent (n‐propylamine, i‐propylamine, diethylamine, and triethylamine) in ion/molecule reactions was evaluated. Both steric interactions and proton affinity of the neutral reagents influenced the reaction rates. High proton affinity of the neutral reagent apparently had a twofold effect. If the proton affinity of the neutral reagent was too high, the reaction tended to become too exothermic and part of the host–guest complex decomposed instead of transforming to a new host–guest complex, effecting a decrease in the reaction rate. The remaining portion of the host–guest complexes meanwhile reacted very fast with the neutral reagent due to high proton affinity causing an increase in the reaction rate. n‐Propylamine and i‐propylamine proved to be the best neutral reagents, providing clear diastereoselectivity for β‐amino acids in ion/molecule reactions. Interestingly, diastereoselectivity was better for flexible cyclohexane β‐amino acids (2 and 3) than for more rigid cyclopentane β‐amino acids (6 and 7). The results of ab initio and hybrid density functional theory calculations on the structures of the host–guest complexes of saturated β‐amino acids were in good agreement with the experimental results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Socio‐economic factors in the differential upsurge of tick‐borne encephalitis in central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Šumilo Dana , Bormane Antra , Asokliene Loreta , Vasilenko Veera , Golovljova Irina , Avsic‐Zupanc Tatjana , Hubalek Zdenek , Randolph Sarah E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTick‐borne encephalitis (TBE), the most serious widespread vector‐borne disease of humans in Europe, increased from 2‐ to 30‐fold in many Central and Eastern European countries from 1992 to 1993, coinciding with independence from Soviet rule. Unemployment and low income have been shown in Latvia to be statistically associated with high‐risk behaviour involving harvest of wild foods from tick‐infested forests, and also with not being vaccinated against TBE. Archival data for 1970‐‐2005 record major changes in the agricultural and industrial sectors, and consequent changes in the abiotic and biotic environment and socio‐economic conditions, which could have increased the abundance of infected ticks and the contact of humans with those ticks. For example, abandoned agricultural fields became suitable for rodent transmission hosts; use of pesticides and emissions of atmospheric industrial pollutants plummeted; wildlife hosts for ticks increased; tick populations appear to have responded; unemployment and inequality increased in all countries. These factors, by acting synergistically but differentially between and within each country, can explain the marked spatio‐temporal heterogeneities in TBE epidemiology better than can climate change alone, which is too uniform across wide areas. Different degrees of socio‐economic upheaval caused by political transition in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia and the Czech Republic can apparently explain the marked variation in TBE upsurge. Causal linkage between national socio‐economic conditions and epidemiology is strongly indicated by striking correlations across eight countries between the degree of upsurge of TBE and both poverty and household expenditure on food (R2 = 0.533 and 0.716, respectively). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification and methodology issues in multivariate analysis of ToF‐SIMS data for mixed organic systems
Authors: Lee J. L. S. , Gilmore I. S. , Seah M. P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMultivariate methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate curve resolution (MCR), are often employed to aid the analysis of large complex data sets such as time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) images. There is, however, much confusion over the most appropriate choice of method for any given application and the effects of data preprocessing, which is exacerbated by the confusing terminologies and the use of jargon in this field. In the present study, a simple model system consisting of a ToF‐SIMS image of an immiscible polymer blend is used to evaluate PCA and MCR in the accurate identification, localisation and quantification of the phase‐separated polymer domains, using four data preprocessing methods (no scaling, normalisation, variance scaling and Poisson scaling). This highlights significant issues and challenges in the quantitative multivariate analysis of mixed organic systems, including the discrimination of chemically significant features from experimental noise, the resolution of weak chemical contributions and potential bias introduced by data preprocessing. Multivariate analysis using Poisson scaling, identified as the most suitable data preprocessing method for both PCA and MCR, demonstrates a marked improvement upon traditional (manual) analysis and provides valuable additional information that is difficult to detect using traditional analysis. Using these results, we present recommendations for the optimum use of multivariate analysis by analysts and provide guidance on selecting the most appropriate methods. Confusing terminology is also clarified. © Crown copyright 2008. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical methodology for classifying units on the basis of multiple‐related measures
Authors: Teixeira‐Pinto Armando , Normand Sharon‐Lise T. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBoth the private and public sectors have begun giving financial incentives to healthcare providers, such as hospitals, delivering superior ‘quality of care’. Quality of care is assessed through a set of disease‐specific measures that characterize the performance of healthcare providers. These measures are then combined into a unidimensional composite score. Most of the programs that reward superior performance use raw averages of the measures as the composite score. The scores based on raw averages fail to take into account typical characteristics of data used for performance evaluation, such as within‐patient and within‐hospital correlations, variable number of measures available in different hospitals, and missing data. In this paper, we contrast two different versions of composites based on raw average scores with a model‐based score constructed using a latent variable model. We also present two methods to identify hospitals with superior performance. The methods are illustrated using national data collected to evaluate quality of care delivered by the U.S. acute care hospitals. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation models for seasonal time series and incidence tables
Authors: Eilers Paul H. C. , Gampe Jutta , Marx Brian D. , Rau Roland 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe model monthly disease counts on an age–time grid using the two‐dimensional varying‐coefficient Poisson regression. Since the marginal profile of counts shows a very strong and varying annual cycle, sine and cosine regressors model periodicity, but their coefficients are allowed to vary smoothly over the age and time plane. The coefficient surfaces are estimated using a relatively large tensor product B‐spline basis. Smoothness is tuned using difference penalties on the rows and columns of the tensor product coefficients. Heavy over‐dispersion occurs, making it impossible to use Akaike's information criterion or Bayesian information criterion based on a Poisson likelihood. It is handled by selective weighting of part of the data and by the use of extended quasi‐likelihood. Very efficient computation is achieved with fast array algorithms. The model is applied to monthly deaths due to respiratory diseases, for U.S. females during 1959–1998 and for ages 51–100. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental responses to UV‐B radiation in common frogRana temporariaembryos from along an altitudinal gradient
Authors: Marquis Olivier , Miaud Claude , Lena Jean‐Paul 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSolar ultraviolet radiation (UV) is harmful for developing amphibians. As UV increases with altitude and latitude, it is suggested that high altitude and latitude populations have evolved tolerance to high levels of UV. Using laboratory experiments, we tested the hypothesis thatRana temporariapopulations from several altitudes (438–2,450 m above sea level) were adapted to UV by assessing the effects of artificial UV on embryos mortality rate, malformations, and body length at hatching. We also tested the protective role of the jelly surrounding the embryos. Without artificial UV exposure, hatching success decreased with altitude of the population. Malformation rates were low for all populations (mean 1.36%), and hatching size increased with altitude. The artificial UV (UV‐B, UV‐A, and visible) used was similar to the solar spectrum received at high altitude. Exposed embryos had performance similar to that of embryos without exposure: a decreased hatching success with altitude and a low malformation rate (mean 0.85%). However, hatching size did not vary with altitude, and UV‐exposed embryos tended to be smaller at hatching than non‐exposed embryos. Removal of the protective jelly envelope greatly decreased the performance of UV‐exposed embryos: hatching success strongly decreased with altitude and embryos of the highest population (2,450 m asl) did not develop. Malformation reached 4.98%, without population differences, and hatching size of embryos without jelly was smaller than hatching size of non‐manipulated embryos with no population effect. This study demonstrates that lowland jellyless embryos were less sensitive (i.e., exhibited a higher survival rate) than highland embryos and, on the other hand, that the jelly envelope was a more efficient protection for embryos in highland than in lowland populations. A trade‐off hypothesis is presented to explain this difference in UV tolerance and protection among populations: in a harsh, highland environment (i.e., with a curtailed activity period), embryos have to invest in development and growth and, thus, embryo protection should be a female investment (via the jelly). In a lowland environment, embryonic growth and development are less constrained and embryos are able to invest and use protection or repair mechanisms inherited from their parents.
Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture Among Physicians and RNs in the Perioperative Area
Authors: Scherer Denise , Fitzpatrick Joyce J. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTA CULTURE OF SAFETY is vital in the perioperative area, where errors can result in patient injury or death. Communication and teamwork are important aspects of this culture.A COMMUNITY HOSPITAL surveyed physicians and nurses in the perioperative area to examine and compare their perceptions of the hospital culture as it relates to patient safety.ALTHOUGH RESULTS INDICATED that, overall, physicians and RNs had positive perceptions of the culture, some respondents gave negative responses to important questions related to communication and supervisor or manager behavior. These findings have implications for improving managerial strategies and for future research within the perioperative area. AORN J 87 (January 2008) 163‐175. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Total Knee Arthroplasty: Past Successes and Current Improvements
Authors: Hohler Sharon E. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTDURING THE PAST 40 YEARS, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures have improved patients' pain, functional status, and overall health‐related quality of life.IMPROVED INTRUMENTATION and implant designs enable surgeons to make precise bone resection incisions that have made this a safer and more routinely performed surgery.THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS traditional and minimally invasive approaches and best practices to help surgeons and perioperative staff members provide quality care to patients undergoing TKA. AORN J 87 (January 2008) 143‐158. © AORN, Inc, 2008.