bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functions of defense‐related proteins and dehydrogenases in resistance response induced by salicylic acid in sweet cherry fruits at different maturity stages
Authors: Chan Zhulong , Wang Qing , Xu Xiangbin , Meng Xianghong , Qin Guozheng , Li Boqiang , Tian Shiping 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe report here a comparative analysis of sweet cherry (Prunus avium) fruits proteome induced by salicylic acid (SA) at different maturity stages. The results demonstrated that SA enhanced the resistance of sweet cherry fruits against Penicillium expansum, resulting in lower disease incidences and smaller lesion diameters, especially at earlier maturity stage. Based on proteomics analysis, 13 and 28 proteins were identified after SA treatment at earlier (A) and later (B) maturity stage, respectively. Seven antioxidant proteins and three pathogenesis related‐proteins were identified at both A and B stages, while five heat shock proteins and four dehydrogenases were only detected at B stage. SA treatment also stimulated higher transcript levels of peroxidase, but repressed that of catalase. Moreover, some proteins regulated by SA at B maturity stage were identified as enzymes involved in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle. These findings indicated that younger sweet cherry fruits showed stronger resistance against pathogen invasion after SA treatment. It further indicated that antioxidant proteins were involved in the resistance response of fruits at every maturity stage, while heat shock proteins and dehydrogenases might potentially act as factors only at later maturity stages.
Fear of recurrence in long‐term testicular cancer survivors
Authors: Skaali Tone , Fosså Sophie D. , Bremnes Roy , Dahl Olav , Haaland Carl Fredrik , Hauge Erik Rønneberg , Klepp Olbjør n , Oldenburg Jan , Wist Erik , Dahl Alv A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective: To explore fear of recurrence (FoR) in long‐term testicular cancer survivors (TCSs) since FoR hardly has been examined in TCSs.Methods: In a cross‐sectional questionnaire study, 1336 TCSs at a mean of 11.4 years (SD 4.2) after diagnosis gave information about their medical and social situation, and completed measures on mental distress, fatigue, quality of life, coping, self‐esteem and neuroticism. FoR during the last week was explored with one question, with the response categories rated on a 4‐point Likert scale. Nine percent of the TCSs had a structured psychiatric interview.Results: Twenty‐four percent of the TCSs reported ‘quite a bit’ FoR and 7% reported ‘very much’ FoR during the last week. The FoR question showed moderate correlations (0.22–0.51) with established psychological measures. The level of FoR was significantly positively correlated with mental distress, fatigue and neuroticism and significantly negatively correlated with quality of life, self‐esteem and coping. In univariate analyses, neurotoxic side effects and somatic symptoms, but not treatment modality, were significantly associated with level of FoR. In a multivariate analysis, a medium educational level, increasing levels of traumatic cancer‐related stress symptoms and of neuroticism were significantly associated with rising FoR. Among those who had a psychiatric interview, the presence of at least one current mental disorder was significantly associated with FoR.Conclusions: High levels of FoR in long‐term TCSs are not uncommon. Levels of mental and somatic problems are associated with the levels of FoR. Clinical consequences of these findings for TCSs are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DFT study on RuII‐catalyzed cyclization of terminal alkynals to cycloalkenes
Authors: Zhang Jinsheng , Shen Wei , Liu Ruiqiu , Yu Youqing , Wu Hailing , Li Ming 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe reaction mechanism of [CpRu(MeCN)3]PF6‐catalyzed cyclization of terminal alkynals 1 to cycloalkenes 2 was investigated by means of density functional methods combined with polarizable continuum models. Calculations indicate that the coordination of the cationic catalyst [CpRu(CH3CN)2]+ to the carbon–carbon triple bond of the substrate 1 enhances the electrophilicity of alkynyl group, and the subsequent nucleophilic attack of the carbonyl oxygen to the electron‐deficient alkyne forms ate complex IM2, which would further isomerize into 2H‐oxete complex IM3. Then a replacement of MeCN by AcOH occurs, followed by two proton‐migrations, which leads to a Fischer‐type carbene complex IM6. Finally, a decarbonylation takes place leading to cycloalkene 2. The terminal alkynal is activated by its combination with ruthenium, which leads to a decrease in the natural bond orbital energy of π*(C1C2). The four‐membered ring formation is the rate‐controlling step. However, AcOH helps proton shift through coordination with metal center and decreases the reaction energy barriers. Throughout the reactions, all the RuII complexes obey the 18‐electron‐rule. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
A rigorous approach to the formulation of extended Born‐Oppenheimer equation for a three‐state system
Authors: Sarkar Biplab , Adhikari Satrajit 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIf a coupled three‐state electronic manifold forms a sub‐Hilbert space, it is possible to express the non‐adiabatic coupling (NAC) elements in terms of adiabatic–diabatic transformation (ADT) angles. Consequently, we demonstrate: (a) Those explicit forms of the NAC terms satisfy the Curl conditions with non‐zero Divergences; (b) The formulation of extended Born‐Oppenheimer (EBO) equation for any three‐state BO system is possible only when there exists coordinate independent ratio of the gradients for each pair of ADT angles leading to zero Curls at and around the conical intersection(s). With these analytic advancements, we formulate a rigorous EBO equation and explore its validity as well as necessity with respect to the approximate one (Sarkar and Adhikari, J Chem Phys 2006, 124, 074101) by performing numerical calculations on two different models constructed with different chosen forms of the NAC elements. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Theoretical study on reaction mechanism of isocyanate radical NCO with ethene
Authors: Pang Jing‐Lin , Xie Hong‐Bin , Zhang Shao‐Wen , Ding Yi‐Hong , Tang Ao‐Qing 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe NCO + C2H4 reaction is simple and prototype for reaction of the NCO radical with unsaturated hydrocarbons, and it is considered to be important in fuel‐rich combustion. In this article, we for the first time perform detailed theoretical investigations for its reaction mechanism based on Gaussian‐3//B3LYP scheme covering various entrance and decomposition channels. The most favorable channel is firstly the NCO and C2H4 approach each other, forming a weakly‐bound complex L1 OCN···C2H4, followed by the formation of isomer L2 OCNCH2CH2 via a small barrier of 1.3 kcal/mol. Transition states of any decomposable or isomeric channels for L2 in energy are much higher than reactants, which indicate that adduct L2 has stabilization effect in this NCO + C2H4 reaction. The direct H‐abstraction channel leading to P1 HNCO + C2H3, might have an important contribution to the eventual products in high temperature. These results can well explain available kinetic experiment. Moreover, reaction mechanism for the title reaction is significantly different from the NCO + C2H2 reaction which proceeds on most favorably to generate the products HCN + HCCO and OCCHCN + H via a four‐membered ring intermediate. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Use of decision tree and artificial neural network approaches to model presence/absence of Telestes muticellus in piedmont (North‐Western Italy)
Authors: Tirelli Tina , Pessani Daniela 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn Piedmont (Italy) the impact of human beings is causing some deep environmental changes in freshwaters and their inhabitants, so much so that we need to develop some practical tools for immediate use in providing accurate ecological assessments of the freshwater system and of the conditions of the species living there, one of which is Telestes muticellus, an endangered Cyprinidae found in the western Alps and the central Apennines in Italy. We aimed to help manage this species by assessing its presence using two types of data‐mining approaches—decision‐tree models and artificial neural networks. We built models using 10 environmental input variables to classify sites as positive or negative for the species. The unpruned decision tree models classified a high percentage of instances correctly and made accurate predictions, as did the post‐pruned tree models. The post‐pruned methods yielded simpler trees and therefore clearer models. Generally, the artificial neural networks (ANN) performed better than the decision tree models, except in the case of Cohen's k. We used the sensitivity analysis technique to understand which inputs are the most important ones for building the ANN model we obtained. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impacts of a reservoir on fish assemblages of small tributaries of the Corumbá river, Brazil
Authors: Penczak Tadeusz , Agostinho Angelo A. , Gomes Luiz C. , Latini João D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFish community surveys were conducted in five tributaries of the Corumbá River before and after damming. Electrofishing samples were collected monthly in the pre‐impoundment period (March 1996 to August 1996) and 15 in the post‐impoundment period (September 1996 to February 1999). A self‐organizing map (SOM, an Artificial Neural Network algorithm) was used to represent the patterns of fish assemblages. Samples collected in both the pre‐ and post‐impoundment periods were randomly dispersed on the SOM, and, therefore, a clear and significant pattern of separation between samples collected during these two time periods was not found. Mean and maximum water depth, which is correlated with ground water level, did not significantly separate the pre‐ and post‐impoundment samples. However, we found significant differences between the two periods for water temperature, pH, conductivity, DO and current velocity, but abundances of fish species (summarized in the clusters identified by the SOM) did not differ significantly. Instead, the validity of the clusters distinguished by the SOM was confirmed by significant differences in some biotic variables: species richness, equitability and log transformed total abundance. Indicator species values identified the most preferred cluster (and respective complex of environmental factors) for a given species. Only one cluster did not contain any significant species indicator values, but it was dominated by samples from the Furnas Stream, which was the only effluent that could be entered by fish from the main river channel after the damming owing to its location below the dam, which has no fish ladder. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the use of elastic peak electron spectroscopy (EPES) to measure the H content of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films
Authors: Filippi M. , Calliari L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractQuasi‐elastic scattering of 1–2 keV electrons is considered with respect to measuring the H content in hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a‐C:H) materials. Interest in the technique lies in the fact that H cannot be typically detected by electron spectroscopic means (AES or XPS for instance). The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated and a quantification procedure is proposed. At the same time however, limitations of the technique (electron stimulated H desorption, low intensity of the H related signal and its spectral interference with the π‐plasmon peak) are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wavelength dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy of thick and thin samples for electron microscopes
Authors: Tanaka Miyoko , Takeguchi Masaki , Furuya Kazuo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA compact and easy‐to‐use wavelength dispersive X‐ray spectrometer with a multicapillary X‐ray lens attached to a scanning transmission electron microscope has been tested for both bulk and thin film analysis. The spectrometer uses a multicapillary X‐ray lens to efficiently collect X‐rays and a simple θ–2θ scanning system. Light element analysis (B and C), nanoparticle analysis, and elemental mapping were performed along with microscope observation. The second diffraction spectra of CK X‐ray peaks from graphite and 6h‐SiC samples showed the difference in peak structures clearly. Mapping of a W/Si double layer sample was successful for W, Si, and intermediate C layers. Mo nanoparticles deposited on an Si TEM sample were also imaged and analyzed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Holographic imaging of TiO2 (110) surface structure by differential photoelectron holography
Authors: Suzuki A. , Hashimoto A. , Nojima M. , Owari M. , Nihei Y. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDifferential photoelectron holography (DPH) is a new technique to overcome the forward‐scattering problem of photoelectron holography (PH). DPH has the advantage to obtain three‐dimensional atomic structure around each type of photoelectron emitter of solid surfaces and/or interfaces. However, DPH had been applied by using the synchrotron radiation (SR), not the laboratory‐scale X‐ray source. Therefore, we used a new rotating anode (dual target) in high‐power X‐ray source, along with two new artificial multilayer toroidal mirrors to obtain two X‐rays at once, and realized DPH in a laboratory‐scale experiment by applying DPH to the structure determination of TiO2 (110) surface. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple method of surface characterization by X‐ray scattering at small glancing angle of incidence using a compact UHV X‐ray diffractometer
Authors: Fujii Yoshikazu , Nakayama Takenori 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFor the surface X‐ray scattering experiments to be performed in a small laboratory room, we constructed a compact ultra high vacuum (UHV) X‐ray diffractometer. Using this equipment, we investigated the surface roughness of iron polycrystalline surfaces. The peak profiles of the specularly reflected X‐ray intensity were measured at several glancing angles of incidence. From the comparison with a simple surface structure model, it is found that the surface roughness can be immediately derived by measurements of the peak width of specularly reflected X‐ray. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Insight into Carbon‐Nanotube Electronic‐Structure Selectivity
Authors: Sumpter Bobby G. , Jiang De‐En , Meunier Vincent 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe fundamental role of aryl diazonium salts for post‐synthesis selectivity of carbon nanotubes is investigated using extensive electronic‐structure calculations. The resulting understanding for diazonium‐salt‐based selective separation of conducting and semiconducting carbon nanotubes shows how the primary contribution comes from the interplay between the intrinsic electronic structure of the carbon nanotubes and that of the anion of the salt. We demonstrate how the electronic‐transport properties change upon the formation of charge‐transfer complexes and upon their conversion into covalently attached functional groups. The results are found to correlate well with experiments and provide for the first time an atomistic description for diazonium‐salt‐based chemical separation of carbon nanotubes.
User readiness for IS development: An examination of 50 cases
Authors: Sheu Myron , Kim Haejin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNearly every information system development (ISD) triggers a wide variety of feelings from all stakeholders who are impacted in various ways because, more than ever, ISD is leveraged as a means of organizational change. Motivated by the stubborn progress on the success rate of ISD, this research, in contrast to the previous research, hypothesizes that user readiness underpins all other kinds of readiness for ISD. In light of this hypothesis, our research team has interviewed representatives of 50 ISD projects in order to identify the efficacy of user readiness in the success rate of ISD and the responsiveness of user readiness to project‐specific efforts. Our interview findings indicate that user readiness does correlate to the success of ISD, although such correspondence varies in degree according to the complexity of ISD. In addition, our findings show that the motivational aspect of user readiness responds to project‐specific efforts more slowly than the cognitive aspect of it, and that user readiness is in the midst of other kinds of readiness such as process readiness, data readiness, organizational and cultural readiness, so it is pivotal to the success of ISD. The findings from this research should help researchers and practitioners refocus their efforts to improve the success rate of ISD. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased spontaneous osteoclastogenesis from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in phenylketonuria
Authors: Porta F. , Roato I. , Mussa A. , Repici M. , Gorassini E. , Spada M. , Ferracini R. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryPhenylketonuria (PKU) is commonly complicated by a progressive bone impairment of uncertain aetiology. The therapeutic phenylalanine (Phe)‐restricted diet and the possible noxious effects of high plasma Phe concentrations on bone have previously been suggested as possible determinant factors. Since osteoclasts are involved in bone reabsorption, they could play a role in determining bone damage in PKU. The reported increased excretion of bone resorption markers in PKU patients is consistent with this hypothesis. Although different diseases characterized by bone loss have been related to increased spontaneous osteoclastogenesis from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), to date there is no evidence of increased osteoclast formation in PKU. In this study, we compared the spontaneous osteoclastogenesis from PBMCs in 20 patients affected by PKU with that observed in age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects. Phenylketonuric patients showed the number of osteoclasts to be almost double that observed in controls (159.9 ± 79.5 and 87.8 ± 44.7, respectively; p = 0.001). Moreover, a strict direct correlation between the spontaneous osteoclastogenesis in PKU patients and the mean blood Phe concentrations in the preceding year was observed (r = 0.576; p = 0.010). An imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption might explain, at least in part, the pathogenesis of bone loss in this disease. These findings could provide new insights into the biological mechanisms underlying bone damage in PKU.
Crown hollowing as a consequence of early shedding of leaves and shoots
Authors: Shirakawa Hiroyuki , Kikuzawa Kihachiro 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLeafing pattern has long been considered as an important element characterizing the growth strategy of tree species; however, the consequences of leafing pattern for tree‐crown formation have not been fully understood. To address this issue, the dynamic events (growth, birth, and death) of current‐year shoots and leaves were investigated together with their location in saplings of a pioneer tree, Alnus sieboldiana. The leafing pattern was characterized by successive emergence and shedding of short‐lived leaves. The combination of successive leafing and within‐crown variation in leaf production brought about characteristic outcomes in crown morphology. In the outer crown, because of continuous leaf production, the shoots achieved great extension and enormous daughter shoot production, resulting in rapid expansion of the crown. In contrast, in the inner crown, due to early termination of leaf production, the shoots completely lost their leaves early in the growing season and consequently themselves died and were shed within the season. Such quick shedding of shoots caused “crown hollowing”, i.e., the interior crown consisted of primary branches with little secondary development or foliage. These dynamic features are an effective adaptive strategy in early succession but also may be a disadvantage to maintaining foliage for longer period. Crown maintenance associated with the longevity of structural components is thought to play an important role in survival strategy of tree species.
Inbred C57BL/6J and DBA/2J Mouse Strains Exhibit Constitutive Differences in Regional Brain Fatty Acid Composition
Authors: McNamara Robert K. , Able Jessica , Jandacek Ronald , Rider Therese , Tso Patrick 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMajor behavioral and neurochemical features observed between inbred C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mouse strains can be reproduced within rodent strains following dietary‐induced reductions in brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) composition. It was therefore hypothesized that C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice exhibit constitutive differences in brain DHA composition that are independent of diet. To test this, adult C57BL/6J and DBA/2J prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, ventral striatum, and midbrain fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. After correction for multiple comparisons, C57BL/6J mice exhibited significantly lower DHA composition in the hippocampus and ventral striatum, but not prefrontal cortex or midbrain, and significantly greater regional arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n‐6):DHA ratios, relative to DBA/2J mice. C57BL/6J mice also exhibited significantly lower regional adrenic acid (ADA, 22:4n‐6) composition, and a significantly smaller ADA:ARA ratio, relative to DBA/2J mice. C57BL/6J mice exhibited significantly smaller oleic acid:stearic acid ratio in the hippocampus and ventral striatum relative to DBA/2J mice. Among all mice, DHA composition was positively correlated with the ADA:ARA ratio and inversely correlated with the oleic acid:stearic acid ratio. These data demonstrate that inbred C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mouse strains exhibit constitutive and region‐specific differences in fatty acid composition independent of diet, and suggest that heritable genetic factors are an important determinant of central fatty acid composition.
Quality Changes and Tocopherols and γ‐Orizanol Concentrations in Rice Bran Oil During the Refining Process
Authors: Pestana Vanessa Ribeiro , Zambiazi Rui Carlos , Mendonça Carla R. B. , Bruscatto Mariangela H. , Lerma‐García María Jesús , Ramis‐Ramos Guillermo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe quality changes and the concentrations of tocopherols and γ‐oryzanol, during successive steps of rice bran oil refining (RBO), were studied. For this purpose, samples of crude, degummed, neutralized, bleached, dewaxed and deodorized RBO were taken from an industrial plant and analyzed. The moisture, pH, acidity, peroxide value and unsaponifiable matter, were determined. The fatty acid composition was evaluated by GC, and the concentrations of tocopherols and γ‐oryzanol were determined using HPLC with fluorescence and UV–Vis detection, respectively. To identify γ‐oryzanol components, fractions of the HPLC eluant were collected and analyzed using mass spectrometry. Oil refining reduced the peroxide value and acidity to 1 and 3% of the values obtained in crude RBO, respectively. The fatty acid composition were not significantly altered during refining. The concentrations of the tocopherols in RBO followed the order α > (β + γ) > δ. The total concentration of tocopherols was 26 mg/100 g, and remained practically unaltered during refining. Up to nine components were distinguished in γ‐oryzanol. After collecting the elution fractions, up to six components were identified by electrospray mass spectrometry. Refining reduced the total concentration of γ‐oryzanol to 2% of its initial value.