bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EBNA1 expression in a lung transplant recipient with hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome
Authors: Berggren Malin Å. M. , Heinlen Latisha , Isaksson Åsa , Nyström Ulla , Ricksten Anne 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article describes a transplant recipient with underlying hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome who expressed persistently Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) in peripheral blood. The patient received a bilateral lung transplant and was subsequently followed with monitoring of EBV expression in peripheral blood. Evaluation of viral expression in peripheral blood, serum, and graft tissue was performed with RT‐PCR, Q‐PCR, indirect immunofluorescence, anti‐peptide assays, and in situ hybridization; samples were collected at various time‐points up to 91 days post‐transplantation. The patient expressed EBNA1 in 8/10 (80%) of the peripheral blood samples tested during the post‐transplantation period, and interestingly, even including the day of transplantation. After analyses of indicative EBV mRNA, EBNA1 expression was found mainly to be Qp‐initiated EBNA1, known to be important for EBV maintenance. Anti‐EBNA1 epitope mapping showed significantly higher and broader antibody responses to EBNA1 epitopes pre‐transplantation when compared to normal controls and a matched lung transplant control. Post‐transplantation this response was largely diminished but there were still epitopes significantly higher than controls. Our results show the presence of EBV‐positive proliferating cells before onset of intensive immunosuppressive treatment. Although no previous connection between EBV and hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome has been reported, it is tempting to speculate that the continuous EBNA1 expression is not caused by immunosuppression or post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease, but may be a factor involved in the etiology of the autoimmune disease. J. Med. Virol. 79:963‐969, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effective program against mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV at Saint Camille Medical Centre in Burkina Faso
Authors: Simpore J. , Pietra V. , Pignatelli S. , Karou D. , Nadembega W.M.C. , Ilboudo D. , Ceccherini‐Silberstein F. , Ghilat‐Avoid‐Belem W.N. , Bellocchi M.C. , Saleri N. , Sanou M.J. , Ouedraogo C.M. , Nikiema J.B. , Colizzi V. , Perno C.P. , Castelli F. , Musumeci S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe present research was aimed to prevent mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV; to use RT‐PCR in order to detect, 6 months after birth, infected children; and to test the antiretroviral resistance of both children and mothers in order to offer them a suitable therapy. At the Saint Camille Medical Centre, 3,127 pregnant women (aged 15–44 years) accepted to be enrolled in the mother‐to‐child transmission prevention protocol that envisages: (i) Voluntary Counselling and Testing for all the pregnant women; (ii) Antiretroviral therapy for HIV positive pregnant women and for their newborns; (iii) either powdered milk feeding or short breast‐feeding and RT‐PCR test for their children; (iv) finally, pol gene sequencing and antiretroviral resistance identifications among HIV positive mothers and children. Among the patients, 227/3,127 HIV seropositive women were found: 221/227 HIV‐1, 4/227 HIV‐2, and 2/227 mixed HIV infections. The RT‐PCR test allowed the detection of 3/213 (1.4%) HIV infected children: 0/109 (0%) from mothers under ARV therapy and 3/104 (2.8%) from mothers treated with Nevirapine. All children had recombinant HIV‐1 strain (CRF06_CPX) with: minor PR mutations (M36I, K20I) and RT mutations (R211K). Among them, two twins had Non‐Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor mutation (Y18CY). Both mothers acquired a major PR mutation (V8IV), investigated 6 months after a single‐dose of Nevirapine. Prevention by single‐dose of Nevirapine reduced significantly mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV, but caused many mutations and resistance to antiretroviral drugs. Based on present study the antiretroviral therapy protocol, together with the artificial‐feeding, might represent the ideal strategy to avoid transmission of HIV from mother‐to‐child. J. Med. Virol. 79:873–879, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular HIV‐1 DNA quantitation in patients during simplification therapy with protease inhibitor‐sparing regimens
Authors: Sarmati Loredana , Parisi Saverio Giuseppe , Nicastri Emanuele , d'Ettorre Gabriella , Andreoni Carolina , Dori Luca , Gatti Francesca , Montano Marco , Buonomini Anna Rita , Boldrin Caterina , Palù Giorgio , Vullo Vincenzo , Andreoni Massimo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSimplified regimens containing protease‐inhibitors (PI)‐sparing combinations were used in patients with virological suppression after prolonged highly active antiretroviral therapy. This study evaluated the total HIV‐1 DNA quantitation as a predictor of long‐term success for PI‐sparing simplified therapy. Sixty‐two patients were enrolled in a prospective non‐randomized cohort. All patients have been receiving a triple‐therapy regimen, two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) plus one PI, for at least 9 months and were characterized by undetectable plasma HIV‐1 RNA levels (<50 cp/ml) for at least 6 months. Patients were changed to a simplified PI‐sparing regimen to overcome PI‐associated adverse effects. HIV‐DNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were evaluated at baseline and at the end of follow‐up. Patients with proviral DNA levels below the median value (226 copies/106 PBMCs) had a significant higher CD4 cell count at nadir (P = 0.003) and at enrolment (P = 0.001) with respect to patients with HIV‐DNA levels above the median value. At month 18, 53 out of 62 (85%) patients on simplified regimen showed virological success, 4 (6.4%) patients experienced virological failure and 5 (8%) patients showed viral blip. At logistic regression analysis, HIV‐DNA levels below 226 copies/106 PBMCs at baseline were associated independently to a reduced risk of virological failure or viral blip during simplified therapy (OR 0.002, 95% CI 0.001–0.46, P = 0.025). The substitution of PI with NRTI or non‐NRTIs may represent an effective treatment option. Indeed, treatment failure or viral blip were experienced by 6% and 8% of the patients on simplified therapy, respectively. In addition, sustained suppression of the plasma viral load was significantly correlated with low levels of proviral DNA before treatment simplification. J. Med. Virol. 79:880–886, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics of lamivudine‐resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains with and without breakthrough hepatitis in patients with chronic hepatitis B evaluated by serial HBV full‐genome sequences
Authors: Horiike Norio , Duong Tran Nhu , Michitaka Kojiro , Joko Kouji , Hiasa Yoichi , Konishi Ichiro , Yano Makoto , Onji Morikazu 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLamivudine therapy often causes breakthrough of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and breakthrough hepatitis. The aim of this study was to determine the viral factors that relate to HBV‐DNA breakthrough with and without breakthrough hepatitis. Among 82 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who received lamivudine at a dose of 100 mg daily for more than 24 months, 23 patients had HBV‐DNA breakthrough induced by a lamivudine‐resistant mutant. Of these 23 patients, 16 had breakthrough hepatitis and 7 had only HBV‐DNA breakthrough. Serial HBV‐DNA full‐genome sequences during therapy were examined in 10 (7 had breakthrough hepatitis and 3 did not) of these 23 patients by direct sequencing. Mutations in the S region were examined by cloning in representative patients. There were no significant differences in the baseline clinical backgrounds and virus marker between patients with and without breakthrough hepatitis. The HBV amino acid substitutions at breakthrough hepatitis were identical to those at HBV‐DNA breakthrough. Cloning analysis revealed that monoclonal mutational strain appeared at breakthrough and no such mutations existed at baseline. Regarding HBV amino acid substitutions in the polymerase region, S region, X region, and precore‐core region with breakthrough compared to baseline, there was no significant differences of the numbers of amino acid substitution between breakthrough hepatitis and non‐breakthrough hepatitis. There were no common amino acid changes in patients with breakthrough hepatitis. Although monoclonal lamivudine‐resistant strain emerged at HBV‐DNA breakthrough in patients with CHB, there were no common amino acid changes, suggesting viral factor may have insignificant role in breakthrough hepatitis. J. Med. Virol. 79:911–918, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does serum alpha interferon measurement aid in the etiological diagnosis of febrile adult patients?
Authors: Juillien Gaëlle , Haroche Julien , Bonnet Pascale , Rozenberg Flore , Riou Bruno , Hausfater Pierre 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn febrile patients, distinguishing bacterial from viral infections is crucial for early treatment initiation and rational use of antibiotics. Raised interferon‐alpha (IFN‐α) levels in serum has been associated with a wide range of viral infections. We evaluated the effectiveness of IFN‐α serum measurements for the etiological diagnosis of febrile patients. Adult patients who were attending the emergency department with body temperature above or equal to 38.5°C were studied prospectively, followed‐up until day 30, and classified by two independent experts (blind for IFN‐α results) as having a bacterial/parasitic infection, viral infection, or other diagnosis. The results of IFN‐α measurements in blood samples taken in the emergency room, were compared with expert diagnosis. Among 243 patients included, 167 had bacterial/parasitic infections (including 19 with viral co‐infection), 59 had viral infections, and 36 other diagnoses. IFN‐α assay had a sensitivity of 0.44 and a specificity of 0.92 for the diagnosis of viral infection. Among the 20 patients with acute viral infection according to the emergency physician diagnosis, 7 (35%) were given antibiotics, including four patients with raised IFN‐α concentrations. It is concluded that in febrile patients, raised serum IFN‐α level is highly specific of the viral etiology of fever but poorly sensitive. Reliable viral and bacterial biological markers are needed in order to improve rational use of antibiotics. J. Med. Virol. 79:935–938, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of repetition rate on the formation of microtears in tendon in an in vivo cyclical loading model
Authors: Nakama Leena H. , King Karen B. , Abrahamsson Sven , Rempel David M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe reported previously the formation of microtears in an in vivo loaded Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP) rabbit tendon with a repetition rate of 60 repetitions per minute and a peak force of 15% of maximum peak tetanic force for 80 cumulative hours. Tear area as a percent of tendon area, tear density (tears/mm2), and mean tear size (µm2) were higher in tendons from the loaded limb compared to the unloaded control limb. The purpose of the present study was to compare those results to results obtained with a repetition rate of 10 while maintaining the same peak force and force‐time integral (n = 8). Due to a strain gradient between the inner and outer sides of the FDP tendon, microtears were quantified in four regions, two regions each along the inner and outer sides of the tendon. The tear area as a percent of total tendon area and the mean tear size were significantly greater in the loaded limb compared to the unloaded limb (p < 0.03). However, the effects were less than those observed at 60 repetitions/min. The higher repetition loading pattern resulted in an increase in tear measures in all four regions, while the lower rate produced changes only in the outer regions of the tendon. This finding may establish where the initial sites of damage occur in tendons that insert into bone in a similar arrangement as the FDP. The results suggest that repetition rate or number of loading cycles is associated with increased tendon microtears or fragility in a dose‐response pattern. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1176–1184, 2007
Weak Covering at Large Cardinals
Authors: Schindler Ralf ‐ Dieter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe show that weakly compact cardinals are the smallest large cardinals k where k+ < k+ is impossible provided 0# does not exist. We also show that if k+Kc < k+ for some k being weakly compact (where Kc is the countably complete core model below one strong cardinal), then there is a transitive set M with M ⊨ ZFC + “there is a strong cardinal”.
Powerset Residuated Algebras and Generalized Lambek Calculus
Authors: Kolowska‐Gawiejnowicz Miroslawa 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe prove a representation theorem for (abstract) residuated algebras: each residuated algebra is isomorphically embeddable into a powerset residuated algebra. As a consequence, we obtain a completeness theorem for the Generalized Lambek Calculus. We use a Labelled Deductive System which generalizes the one used by Buszkowski [4] and Pankrat'ev [17] in completeness theorems for the Lambek Calculus.
Frequent hypermethylation of MST1 and MST2 in soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Seidel Claudia , Schagdarsurengin Undraga , Blümke Karen , Würl Peter , Pfeifer Gerd P. , Hauptmann Steffen , Taubert Helge , Dammann Reinhard 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe RASSF1A tumor suppressor is involved in regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle progression. RASSF1A is localized to microtubules and binds the apoptotic kinases MST1 and MST2. It has been shown that this interaction is mediated by the Sav‐RASSF‐Hpo domain, which is an interaction domain characterized for the Drosophila proteins Sav (human WW45), Hpo (human MST1 and MST2) and Warts/LATS (large tumor suppressor). Previously, we have reported that RASSF1A hypermethylation occurs frequently in soft tissue sarcoma and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis for cancer patients. In our study, we performed methylation analysis of the CpG island promoter of MST1, MST2, WW45, LATS1 and LATS2 in soft tissue sarcomas by methylation‐specific PCR. No or a very low methylation frequency was detected for WW45, LATS1 and LATS2 (<7%). In 19 out of 52 (37%) sarcomas, a methylated promoter of MST1 was detected and 12 out of 60 (20%) samples showed methylation of the MST2 promoter. Methylation status of MST1 was confirmed by bisulfite sequencing. In tumors harboring a methylated promoter of MST1, a reduction of MST1 expression was observed by RT‐PCR. In leiomyosarcomas, MST1 and MST2 or RASSF1A methylation were mutually exclusive (P = 0.007 and P = 0.025, respectively). Surprisingly, a significantly increased risk for tumor‐related death was found for patients with an unmethylated MST1 promoter (P = 0.036). In summary, our results suggest that alteration of the Sav‐RASSF1‐Hpo tumor suppressor pathway may occur through hypermethylation of the CpG island promoter of MST1, MST2 and/or RASSF1A in human sarcomas. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Controlled study of decision‐making and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pagonabarraga Javier , García‐Sánchez Carmen , Llebaria Gisela , Pascual‐Sedano Berta , Gironell Alexandre , Kulisevsky Jaime 
Published: May 2007

AbstractImpulse control disorders (ICD) related to reward‐processing dysfunction have been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD). The relationship between clinical markers of limbic dysfunction with demographic variables and cognitive status of PD is incompletely known. Our objective was to further characterize the relationship between limbic and cognitive dysfunction in a representative sample of nondemented PD patients without antecedents of ICD, as assessed by a risk‐taking test of decision‐making and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Prospective, controlled study of 35 nondemented PD patients and 31 matched controls who received the Iowa gambling task (IGT), the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS) and verbal fluencies for global cognitive function, the Stroop and digit span tests for executive function, and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test for memory. Compared to controls, PD patients performed significantly worse on the IGT. No clear relationship with demographic variables including dopaminergic treatment and motor response to levodopa (stable or fluctuating) emerged. Performance on the IGT was not related to executive function. In contrast, an inverse relationship was found between the IGT and memory and global cognitive performance, with patients with the better MDRS and memory scores performing significantly worse on the IGT. Our results confirm subclinical dysfunction of the limbic system in nondemented PD patients. Although impaired decision‐making appears unrelated to executive dysfunction, patients with the better cognitive status appears more prone to assume risky behaviors. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Short‐term cortical plasticity in patients with dystonia: A study with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Gilio Francesca , Suppa Antonio , Bologna Matteo , Lorenzano Cinzia , Fabbrini Giovanni , Berardelli Alfredo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) delivered at 5 Hz frequency and suprathreshold (RMT) intensity produces a progressive facilitation of motor‐evoked potential (MEP) amplitude that outlasts the end of stimulation. This phenomenon is related to a short‐term enhancement of cortical excitatory interneurones. In this study, we investigated whether 5 Hz‐rTMS elicits similar MEP facilitation during stimulation and similar facilitatory after‐effects in patients with upper limb dystonia and healthy subjects. Trains of 5, 10, and 20 stimuli were delivered at 120% RMT over the primary motor cortex with the subjects at rest. rTMS‐trains were followed by single test stimuli delivered at various interstimulus intervals (0.5–10 s) at 120% RMT using a conditioning‐test paradigm. Single conditioning stimuli were also delivered. The effects of suprathreshold 1 Hz‐rTMS were also tested. The MEP amplitude during the course of the trains and of the test stimuli was measured. In control experiments, we investigated the role of the afferent inputs elicited by muscle twitches after ulnar nerve stimulation on the MEP amplitude. In patients and healthy subjects, MEP amplitude increased significantly during the course of 5 Hz‐trains. In both groups the MEP facilitation outlasted the end of 5 Hz‐rTMS, however the facilitatory after‐effects were more pronounced and lasted longer in patients than in healthy subjects. MEP amplitudes during and after 1 Hz‐rTMS remained unchanged. Ulnar nerve stimulation did not change the test MEP amplitude. We conclude that in patients with upper limb dystonia there is an abnormal recovery from MEP facilitation after suprathreshold 5 Hz‐rTMS suggesting an abnormal pattern of short‐term cortical plasticity. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
A nationwide survey of excessive daytime sleepiness in Parkinson's disease in France
Authors: Ghorayeb Imad , Loundou Anderson , Auquier Pascal , Dauvilliers Yves , Bioulac Bernard , Tison François 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTo determine the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and that of dozing and sudden onset of sleep episodes (SOS) while driving in ambulatory patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in France, a national sample of private and public neurologists was asked to recruit the first 10 consecutive nondemented PD patients. Each patient completed a questionnaire including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the likelihood of dozing off and experiencing SOS episodes behind the wheel. Clinical and demographic data were collected. One thousand six hundred and twenty‐five patients with PD were included in the survey. Twenty‐nine percent of the patients suffered from EDS (ESS score ≥10) but only 0.8% declared a high chance of dozing while driving and 0.5% reported totally unpredictable SOS episodes while driving. Risk factors for EDS were male gender, reduced activity of daily living, and a high daily levodopa equivalent dosage. Risk factors for SOS episodes while driving were an ESS score ≥10, male gender, and low Hoehn and Yahr staging. EDS is common in ambulatory patients with PD and is a major risk factor for dozing and for SOS episodes behind the wheel in patients who drive. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Predictors for snoring in children with rhinitis at Age 5
Authors: Marshall Nathaniel S. , Almqvist Catarina , Grunstein Ronald R. , Marks Guy B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSnoring is often found in allergic diseases and may be an early manifestation of more serious sleep‐disordered breathing. We aimed to investigate whether the risk factors for snoring among pre‐school children with rhinitis are similar to those for allergic diseases in a birth cohort. The study cohort was drawn from participants in the Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS). This is a randomized controlled trial of dietary intervention and house dust mite avoidance during the first 5 years of life, aimed at reducing the risk of acquiring asthma and other allergic conditions in children at high‐risk for allergic diseases. Parents of children with symptoms of rhinitis at age 5 years (n = 219 out of 516 cohort members) were asked if their child snored: 127 (60%) reported some snoring and 56 (26%) snored more than three times per week. Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that children who were first‐born (adjusted odds ratio, 2.50, 95% CI 1.20–5.21), were exposed to maternal tobacco smoke during the first year of life (2.40, 1.1–5.25), or who had asthma (2.51, 1.14–5.55) and/or eczema (2.29, 1.02–5.13) at age 5 years were more likely to snore. Birth‐weight, body mass index at age 4.5, spirometry, and breastfeeding were not related to snoring. Risk factors for snoring are similar to risk factors for allergic disorders. Snoring may be part of the allergic spectrum of diseases. Our data may contribute to clinician's ability to effectively screen for snoring in preschool children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:584–591. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gauged supergravities in various spacetime dimensions
Authors: Weidner M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this review article we study the gaugings of extended supergravity theories in various space‐time dimensions. These theories describe the low‐energy limit of non‐trivial string compactifications. For each theory under consideration we review all possible gaugings that are compatible with supersymmetry. They are parameterized by the so‐called embedding tensor which is a group theoretical object that has to satisfy certain representation constraints. This embedding tensor determines all couplings in the gauged theory that are necessary to preserve gauge invariance and supersymmetry. The concept of the embedding tensor and the general structure of the gauged supergravities are explained in detail. The methods are then applied to the half‐maximal (N = 4) supergravities in d = 4 and d = 5 and to the maximal supergravities in d = 2 and d = 7. Examples of particular gaugings are given. Whenever possible, the higher‐dimensional origin of these theories is identified and it is shown how the compactification parameters like fluxes and torsion are contained in the embedding tensor.