bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single ability among activities of daily living as a predictor of agitation
Authors: Lin Li‐Chan , Wu Shiao‐Chi , Kao Chieh‐Chun , Tzeng Yu‐Ling , Watson Roger , Tang Sai‐Hung 
Published: December 2008

Aims.  The aims of this study were to investigate whether the interaction effect between restraint and functional ability, and single ability during activities of daily living can predict agitation among residents with dementia.Background.  Agitated behaviour is one of the most common symptoms of dementia and might endanger the patients themselves, caregivers and institutions. However, the prevalence of problem behaviours and its associated factors at long‐term care facilities in Taiwan are less understood.Design.  A direct observation was used to observe the agitated behaviours of residents with dementia in special care units.Methods.  Residents of dementia special care units who were diagnosed with dementia in eight long‐term care facilities were recruited. Measurements included: demographic data, the Barthel Index, the Mini‐Mental State Examination and the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory.Results.  The number of subjects who were identified with problem behaviours was 163 (43·5%). Significant differences in sex, being restrained, restrained time, age, family visits, functional status and mental status were found between the agitated and non‐agitated groups. However, mental status, family visits, walking ability, being restrained and getting in and off toilet were five independent factors associated with agitated behaviours after controlling for all other factors.Conclusions.  It is recommended that strategies be constructed to encourage the family to periodically visit older residents and to develop restraint‐free environments in long‐term care facilities.Relevance to clinical practice.  Residents with dementia require significant daily living support and behaviour management as their illness progress.
Coronary heart disease patients’ perception of their symptoms and sense of control are associated with their quality of life three years following hospital discharge
Authors: Lau‐Walker Margaret O , Cowie Martin R , Roughton Michael 
Published: December 2008

Background.  Recent intervention studies have attempted to address cardiac rehabilitation patients’ illness beliefs to improve care. Their findings were mainly limited to short‐term behaviour changes such as return to work or attendance on rehabilitation programmes. Evidence about what aspects of the patients’ illness beliefs influence long‐term quality of life in cardiac rehabilitation remains sparse.Objective.  To examine the association between coronary heart disease patients’ illness beliefs and their quality of life three years after hospital discharge.Design.  A longitudinal prospective survey.Methods.  Coronary heart disease patients (n = 253) completed validated questionnaires at three points. Patients’ illness beliefs were measured twice: before hospital discharge and nine months after discharge – using the Illness Perception Questionnaire. Quality of life was assessed as the outcome measure at three years after discharge, using the Health Survey SF36v2 questionnaire. Demographic, illness characteristics and cardiac rehabilitation attendance were also assessed.Results.  Two multiple regression analyses were performed with each of the SF36v2 physical and mental health summary scores as outcome variables. Analysis of baseline data showed 43% of the variance in the physical health summary score at three years was accounted for by a perceived lower number of symptoms, belief that the illness was controllable, admission as an emergency and no previous history of cardiac illness; 22% of the variance in the mental health summary score was accounted for by perceived lower number of symptoms and no previous history of cardiac illness. Repeat analysis using the data collected nine months after discharge showed similar findings.Conclusion.  Coronary heart disease patients’ perception of their symptoms and sense of control at time of discharge were significantly associated with their quality of life three years after discharge.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study promotes the use of the assessment of patients’ illness beliefs as a routine practice to improve care.
Predictors of sexual abstinence behaviour in Taiwanese adolescents: a longitudinal application of the transtheoretical model
Authors: Wang Ruey‐Hsia , Cheng Chung‐Ping , Chou Fan‐Hao 
Published: December 2008

Aims and objectives.  To understand (1) the change of stage of changes, self‐efficacy, decisional balance and processes of change for sexual abstinence behaviour across a 15‐month interval, (2) relations of baseline stage of changes, self‐efficacy, decisional balance and processes of change to follow‐up stage of changes for sexual abstinence and (3) the important predictors of follow‐up stage of changes and transition of stage of changes for sexual abstinence behaviour.Background.  Examining factors of sexual abstinence behaviour among adolescents can provide useful information in designing sexual abstinence intervention programmes.Design.  This study applied a transtheoretical model and used a longitudinal design.Method.  Anonymous questionnaires were administered to 281 participants at baseline and 15‐month follow‐up.Results.  In summary, 46·3% (n = 130) of the participants were in the same stage, 30·2% (n = 85) regressed and 23·5% (n = 66) progressed their stage from baseline to follow‐up. Baseline self‐efficacy, decisional balance and processes of change are related to follow‐up stage of changes for sexual abstinence. Participants with higher baseline self‐efficacy, lower decrease of self‐efficacy from baseline to follow‐up and lower decrease of decisional balance from baseline to follow‐up were more in the definite group (preparation and action stage) at follow‐up. Participants with higher baseline decisional balance, lower decrease of decisional balance from baseline to follow‐up and lower decrease of self‐efficacy from baseline to follow‐up were more in the advancement transition group at follow‐up.Conclusions.  Focus of interventions could differ according to intervention purpose. Reducing the decrease of self‐efficacy and decisional balance across time is important to enable adolescents to be in or progress to better stages across time.Relevance to clinical practice.  To make adolescents be in later stages at follow‐up, increasing baseline self‐efficacy is important. If the purpose is to progress the stages, baseline decisional balance should be emphasised. Health care providers should continually boost the self‐efficacy and decisional balance of adolescents across time.
A longitudinal study of stress and psychological distress in nurses and nursing students
Authors: Watson Roger , Gardiner Eric , Hogston Richard , Gibson Helen , Stimpson Anne , Wrate Robert , Deary Ian 
Published: December 2008

Aim.  The aim of this study was to investigate how differences in life events and stress contribute to psychological distress in nurses and nursing students.Background.  Stress is an issue for nursing students and qualified nurses leading to psychological distress and attrition.Design.  A longitudinal study using four time waves was conducted between 1994–1997.Methods.  Measures were taken of stress, life events and psychological distress in addition to a range of demographic data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, linear modelling and mixed‐effects modelling. The study was set in Scotland, UK and used newly qualified nurses and nursing students from four university departments of nursing over four years. The study was initiated with 359 participants (147 nurses and 212 nursing students) and complete data were obtained for 192 participants.Results.  Stress levels, psychological distress and life events are all associated within time and across time. At baseline, life events and stress contributed significantly to psychological distress. The pattern of psychological distress differed between the nursing students and the newly qualified nurses with a high level in the nurses after qualifying and starting their career.Conclusion.  Stress, individual traits, adverse life events and psychological distress are all interrelated. Future lines of enquiry should focus on the transition between being a nursing student and becoming a nurse.Relevance to clinical practice.  Stress and psychological distress may have negative outcomes for the retention of nursing students in programmes of study and newly qualified nurses in the nursing workforce.
Audit diabetes‐dependent quality of life questionnaire: usefulness in diabetes self‐management education in the Slovak population
Authors: Holmanová Elena , Žiaková Katarína 
Published: December 2008

Aim and objectives.  This paper reports a study to test validity and internal consistency of the audit diabetes‐dependent quality of life questionnaire in the Slovak population and to evaluate its usefulness in the context of education of people with diabetes.Background.  The individualised instruments designed to measure individuals’ perceptions of the impact of diabetes on their quality of life may be helpful to identify individuals’ preferences, motivational deficits in diabetes management and to tailor individual treatment strategies.Design.  Survey.Methods.  After linguistic validation, the structure of the questionnaire was tested using factor analysis on 104 patients who were recruited from the National Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology in Ľubochňa. Internal consistency was evaluated by computing Cronbach’s alpha. Clinical variables related to the quality of life were analysed using one‐way anova, multifactor anova, Pearson’s and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients.Results.  A one‐dimensional scale structure was supported and internal consistency was high (α = 0·93). Variance in impact of diabetes on quality of life was explained by age, presence of late complications and type of insulin regimen.Conclusions.  The audit diabetes‐dependent quality of life is culturally appropriate, valid and reliable in the sample of Slovak patients attending the educational programme. Our results agreed with previous European and Asian studies supporting its usefulness in the context of diabetes self‐management education.Relevance to clinical practice.  Individualised diabetes‐specific quality of life measures allow better understanding of patients’ treatment preferences and, consequently, more effective prioritising and targeting of appropriate educational interventions. This instrument may be useful in routine clinical practice and as an outcome measure for international clinical research trials evaluating effectiveness of educational programmes.
Anthropometrically derived dosing and drug costing calculations for treating visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar, India
Authors: Olliaro P. , Sundar S. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryObjective and method  To estimate drug costs of treating visceral leishmaniasis (VL) based on data on the VL population structure from the high‐burden, antimony‐resistant area of Northern Bihar, India.Results  Paromomycin is the cheapest option ($7450 to treat 1000 patients). Treating 1000 patients with oral miltefosine would cost $119 250 at the current private market price or $64 383–$75 129 at preferential public sector price depending on the size of the order. With AmBisome® it would be $163 600 or $229 500 depending on the dose (10 or 15 mg/kg total). These costs are without considering other direct costs (daily intramuscular injections for 3 weeks for paromomycin; intravenous devices and hospitalization for AmBisome®; directly observed treatment if applied for miltefosine) and indirect costs.Conclusion  These calculations provide useful basic information for projections.
Validation of a questionnaire for assessment of asthma patient knowledge and behaviour
Authors: Trebuchon F. , Duracinsky M. , Chassany O. , Delaire C. , Eydoux E. , Longin J. , Demoly P. 
Published: December 2008

Background:  For several years, educational programmes have been highlighted because care success depends on patient’s knowledge and patient’s asthma management. However, no tool is available to assess change in patient knowledge and behaviour before and after completing an educational programme.Objective:  To validate a questionnaire measuring the knowledge and behaviour of asthmatics participating in an educational programme and to gauge the benefit of such a programme.Methods:  The Asthma Behaviour Change (ABC) questionnaire was generated from literature, patient surveys and clinical situations. It was organized in eight dimensions assessing patient behaviour in seven different clinical situations and two assessing patient (pathophysiology and therapeutic) knowledge. A total of 139 asthmatics filled out the questionnaire before, during and after the educational programme.Results:  The principal component analysis confirmed the structure empirically made by clinical situations. Internal consistency analysis yielded high Cronbach’s alpha values. Different dimensions and the two global scores were able to discriminate patients according to asthma severity. Finally, the effect size of difference before and after educational programme was at least 0.47, and was larger than 0.74 for both global behaviour and knowledge scores. The difference between visit 1 and 3 for global behaviour and knowledge scores reached 18.84 ± 20.83 (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 13.18–24.43) and 11.06 ± 14.98 (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 7.10–15.03), respectively.Conclusion:  ABC questionnaire is a valid tool to assess asthmatics’ knowledge and behaviour. Furthermore, this study confirmed that educational programmes lead to better awareness of asthma by patients.
Latex‐induced occupational asthma: time trend in incidence and relationship with hospital glove policies
Authors: Vandenplas O. , Larbanois A. , Vanassche F. , François S. , Jamart J. , Vandeweerdt M. , Thimpont J. 
Published: December 2008

Background:  Natural rubber latex (NRL) has become as a major cause of occupational asthma (OA) in workers using NRL gloves. Few population‐based studies have assessed the impact of changes in the patterns of glove usage on the incidence of NRL‐induced OA.Objective:  To characterize the time trends in incident cases of NRL‐induced OA in Belgium and examine whether incidence rates were related to the types of gloves used in hospitals.Methods:  Incident cases of NRL‐induced OA were identified through a retrospective review of all claims submitted to the Workers’ Compensation Board up to December 2004. Based on the results of diagnostic procedures, the diagnosis of NRL‐induced OA was categorized as definite, probable, unlikely, or indeterminate. The patterns of glove usage were characterized through a questionnaire survey of Belgian hospitals.Results:  A total of 298 claims for NRL‐induced OA were identified, including 127 subjects with definite OA and 68 with probable OA. Categorized by the year of asthma onset, the incident cases of definite and probable NRL‐induced OA markedly decreased from 1999 onwards. The use of powdered NRL gloves fell from 80.9% in 1989 to 17.9% in 2004. Powdered NRL gloves were predominantly substituted with NRL‐free gloves, especially in the case of non‐sterile procedures.Conclusion:  These national compensation‐based data confirm that a persistent decline in the incidence of NRL‐induced OA has occurred since late 1990s. This downward trend has temporally been associated with a decreasing usage of powdered NRL, further supporting a beneficial role of changes in glove policies.
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update November/December 1996
Authors: Marsh Steven G. E. 
Published: December 2008

The following sequences have been submitted to the Nomenclature Committee since the October 1996 nomenclature update and, following agreed policy, have been assigned official allele designations. Full details of all sequences will be published in the forthcoming report “Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1996”.Below are listed the newly assigned sequences, confirmations of previously reported sequences and some sequences which are corrections of those originally reported. The accession number of each sequence is given and these can be used to retrieve the sequence files from either the EMBL, GenBank or DDBJ data libraries. Although accession numbers have been assigned by the data libraries and most sequences are already available, there is still the possibility that an author may not yet have allowed the sequence to be released, in such a case you will have to contact the submitting author directly.
Microsatellites in the HLA region: 1998 update
Authors: Foissac A. , Cambon‐Thomsen A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract: In order to update the review published in Tissue Antigens in 1997, we present here a new overview on microsatellites in the HLA region, including additional information, with focus on the following points:

• Description of 103 microsatellite characteristics in the HLA region, 50 markers having been newly described since 1996.
• An integrated map of the HLA region, including microsatellites and some HLA genes, revealing an important microsatellite density in the MHC (Class I, Class II and Class HI regions).
• A synthesis of microsatellite analysis in disease studies, summarizing results of microsatellite approaches in 24 pathologies, including autoimmune diseases, HLA‐associated or HLA‐linked diseases and cancers.
• Other applications of HLA region microsatellites in population or transplantation studies.
HALOPERIDOL (SERENASE®) IN THE PREVENTION OF POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING
Authors: Dyrberg V. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThe prophylactic use of haloperidol reduced postoperative nausea from 28.6% to 7.6% in males and from 49.5% to 20.3% in females during the first six postoperative hours. Vomiting was reduced from 14.3% to 2.4% in males and from 32.3% to 10.8% in females. Similar results were obtained for the next 18 hours.The findings in the control groups suggest that the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting is independent of the age of the patient and the duration of the anaesthesia. A higher over‐all incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was found in women than in men. Analysis of the operations performed suggested that a difference exists between the two sexes in the reaction to intraperitoneal manipulation, and that this is the factor which causes a higher incidence of postoperative vomiting in women than in men.Haloperidol 5 mg was found to be more active as an antiemetic than 50 mg of chlorpromazine. It reduced the incidence of reflex movements during light anaesthesia and produced complete amnesia for the anaesthetic period, while some of the controls afterwards gave evidence of some degree of awareness during the anaesthesia.Haloperidol is recommended for the treatment of established postoperative vomiting and for prophylaxis on special indications.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie prophylaktische Anwendung von Haloperidol verminderte die postoperative Nausea bei Mannern von 28,6% auf 7,6%, bei Frauen von 49,5% auf 20,3 % wahrend der ersten sechs postoperativen Stunden. Erbrechen wurde bei Männern von 14,3% auf 2,4% und bei Frauen von 32,3% auf 10,8% vermindert. Ähnliche Ergebnisse wurden für die nächsten 18 Stunden erreicht.Die Befunde in den Kontrollgruppen machen es wahrscheinlich, dass der Prozentsatz der postoperativen Nausea und des Erbrechens vom Alter des Patienten und der Dauer der Narkose unabhängig ist. Der Gesamtbefall von postoperativer Nausea und Erbrechen war bei Frauen höher als bei Männern. Eine Aufschlüsselung der durchgeführten Operationen lässt darauf schliessen, dass ein Unterschied zwischen den beiden Geschlechtern bezüglich ihrer Reaktionen auf intraperitoneale Manipulationen besteht, und dass es wohl dieser Faktor ist, der für den höheren Anteil von postoperativem Erbrechen bei Frauen verantwortlich ist.5 mg Haloperidol erwies sich als wirksameres Antiemetikum als 50 mg Chlorpromazin. Es verminderte Reflexbewegungen in oberflächlicher Anaesthesie und erzeugte komplette Amnesie für die Zeit der Anaesthesie, während manche Kontroll‐Patienten angaben, gewisse Wahrnehmungen während der Narkose gemacht zu haben.Haloperidol wird für die Behandlung des bereits bestehenden postoperativen Erbrechens und zur Prophylaxe bei besonderen Indikationen empfohlen.
TRIS(HYDROXYM ETHYL) AMINO‐M ETHANE (THAM) USED AS A BUFFER IN BRONCHOSCOPY AND “APNOEIC OXYGENATION”
Authors: Andersen Nikaan 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYIn order to facilitate transbronchial pressure measurement in the left auricle, four patients with moderately severe cardiac disease were anaesthetised with a combination of “apnoeic oxygenation” and intravenous infusion of a buffer, tris(hydroxymethyl)amino‐methane (THAM). During 15 to 25 minutes of “apnoeic oxygenation” the patients were fully oxygenated, and the extreme fall in pH induced by accumulation of carbon dioxide was prevented. Blood pressure and pulse rate remained within normal limits; the cardiac rhythm was steady; there was ample urinary output just after anaesthesia, probably with a small loss of electrolytes, and the patients recovered soon after anaesthesia without any adverse effects.The side effects of THAM were minimal, probably because the dose was kept well below 500 mg per kg. It is concluded that this method of anaesthesia might be of value in rare cases in bronchoscopic procedures.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGZur Durchführung von transbronchialen Druckmessungen im linken Vorhof wurden 4 Patienten mit mittelschweren Herzerkrankungen mittels einer Kombination von ←apnoischer Oxygenation→ und i.v. Infusion einer Pufferlösung (THAM) narkotisiert. Während einer 15–25 Minuten dauernden ←apnoischen Oxygenation→ zeigten die Patienten voile Sauerstoffsättigung und ein extremer Abfall des pH als Folge der CO2‐Anreicherung konnte verhindert werden. Blutdruck und Pulsfrequenz bewegten sich innerhalb der normalen Grenzen; der Herzrhythmus war gleichbleibend; die Harnausscheidung unmittelbar nach der Narkose war ausreichend, wahrscheinlich mit geringem Verlust von Elektrolyten, und die Patienten erholten sich bald nach der Narkose ohne irgendwelche Störungen.Die Nebenwirkungen von THAM waren gering, wahrscheinlich weil die Dosis unter 500 mg/kg gehalten wurde. Abschliessend wurde festgestellt, dass diese Art der Anaesthesie in seltenen Fällen auch bei bronchoskopischen Eingriffen wertvoll sein könnte.
EFFECT OF SUCCINYLCHOLINE ON UTERINE MOTILITY
Authors: Wiqvist N. , Wahlin A. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of succinylcholine on the uterus was studied in animal experiments and in pregnant women. No noticeable change of the motility could be demonstrated.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Wirkung von Succinylcholin auf den Uterus wurde in Tierversuchen und an schwangeren Frauen studiert. Dabei konnten keine merklichen Änderungen der Motilität festgestellt werden.