bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single umbilical artery: Prevalence and clinical significance in prenatal sonography
Authors: Ghatresamani Fatemeh , Javadrashid Reza , Tarzamni Mohammad K , Farhang Sara 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of single umbilical artery (SUA) in an Iranian population and to determine the absent side and its association with malformations. Methods: We prospectively studied 3240 singleton pregnancies of 14 to 30 weeks of gestational age with USG. The absent side, pregnancy data, and the perinatal outcome were reviewed. Results: SUA occurred in 1.1% of pregnancies. The artery was absent on the left side in 27 (71.1%). Nine of those with SUA had malformations (24%) and there were three deaths. The average stage of pregnancy at which SUA was diagnosed was at 27 weeks and 2 days. 20 fetuses were male. Conclusion: The prevalence of SUA and associated anomalies in our population seems to be similar to that reported in other countries. Absence of the left artery was more common. Evaluating cord vessels at the 20 th week of pregnancy is valuable and fetuses with an isolated SUA will benefit from a more detailed assessment and USG monitoring.
Case report: Epidermoid cyst misdiagnosed as a loculated pericardial effusion
Authors: Sharma NC , Sharma Anshu , Bajaj Manish 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA 25-year old man presented with a mediastinal lesion which was initially diagnosed as a loculated pericardial collection on echocardiography. Subsequent imaging showed it to be a cystic mediastinal mass, and following surgery and histopathology, it turned out to be an epidermoid cyst.
Right-sided hemiagenesis of the thyroid lobe and isthmus: A case report
Authors: Tiwari Prabhat Kumar , Baxi M , Baxi J , Koirala D 
Published: February 2009

AbstractUnilateral or bilateral hypoplasia or agenesis of one or both thyroid lobes, with or without isthmic agenesis, is a rare developmental anomaly. Hemiagenesis of the left lobe is far commoner than of the right. Clinically, these patients may be euthyroid, hyperthyroid, or hypothyroid. Ultrasonography is usually able to diagnose this condition easily, as we demonstrate in this case report of a 37-year-old lady with an incidentally detected thyroid nodule who was found to have hemiagenesis of the right lobe and isthmus.
Case series: Nocardiosis of the brain and lungs
Authors: Sud Seema , Buxi TBS , Anand Ish , Rohatgi Anshu 
Published: February 2009

AbstractLocalized and multisystem nocardiosis is an opportunistic disease that occurs commonly in immunocompromised patients. Rarely, it is also seen in immunocompetent individuals. The lungs and brain are commonly involved. Typical, but nonspecific, findings are often seen on imaging and the presence of concomitant lesions in these two systems often suggests this diagnosis. We report two cases of cerebral and pulmonary involvement by nocardiosis.
CT perfusion in acute stroke
Authors: Khandelwal Niranjan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractStroke is a heterogeneous syndrome caused by multiple mechanisms, all of which result in disruption of normal cerebral blood flow and thereby cause cerebral dysfunction. Its early diagnosis is important as its treatment is dependent on the time elapsed since ictus. Delay in diagnosis and treatment translates into increase neuronal loss and thereby increased morbidity. CT scan, and in particular perfusion CT, has helped greatly in the early diagnosis of stroke. This article is an endeavor to explain the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and the role of CT perfusion in detecting it.
PET/CT: Current status in India
Authors: Rangarajan Venkatesh , Purandare Nilendu C , Sharma Anshu R , Shah Sneha 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPET/CT is a new modality with integration of PET and CT systems. In India, since December 2004 there has been a steady increase in the number of imaging systems. From stand-alone PET/CT systems with on-site cyclotrons, mostly in the government sector, the modality has matured to such an extent that, today, the majority of the PET/CT scanners and cyclotrons are in the private setup; also, scanners situated in different locations (and even different cities) share the isotope produced from one cyclotron. This shows how much this field has developed and reflects the confidence of the end users. The current status of PET/CT in India is indeed healthy and heartening and the future certainly looks promising.
Absent pulmonary valve syndrome with tetralogy of Fallot and associated dextrocardia detected at an early gestational age of 26 weeks
Authors: Bharati Alpa H , Naware Ajita , Merchant Suleman A 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAbsent pulmonary valve syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly, usually seen in association with a ventricular septal defect. It has been reported to occur in 3-6% of cases of tetralogy of Fallot. Absence of the pulmonary valve results in a dilated main pulmonary artery, which can be seen as a cystic, pulsatile, paracardiac lesion on antenatal USG. Such a lesion, though rare, can easily be detected. We report a case of this rare anomaly which was present in association with a ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, and dextrocardia. The case was detected at 26 weeks of gestation.
Case report: Antenatal diagnosis of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome - laryngeal atresia
Authors: Garg Mukesh Kumar 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCongenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is a near fatal condition of multifactorial inheritence, in which the fetus has a dilated trachea, enlarged echogenic lungs, an inverted or flattened diaphagram, and ascites. A case of CHAOS, diagnosed antenatally on USG at 28 weeks of gestation, is being reported here.
Case Report: Macrodystrophia lipomatosa - Illustration of two cases
Authors: Singla V , Virmani V , Tuli P , Singh P , Khandelwal N 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMacrodystrophia lipomatosa is a rare cause of congenital macrodactyly, characterized by progressive proliferation of all mesenchymal elements, with a disproportionate increase in fibroadipose tissue. This developmental anomaly is reportedly more common in the foot than in the hand, with a predilection for the plantar and median nerve distribution. We present two cases of MDL of the hand, one of which had an unusual nerve territory distribution, making clinical diagnosis difficult. Preoperative diagnosis was however made on the basis of radiography and MRI and was later confirmed on surgery.
Case Report: Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of face
Authors: Rajeswaran Rangasami , Murthy Jyotsna , Chandrasekharan Anupama , Joseph Santhosh 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCongenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face is a rare condition characterized by diffuse fatty infiltration of the facial soft tissues. There may be muscle involvement along with associated bony hyperplasia. It is a type of lipomatous tumor that is congenital in origin; it is rare and seen usually in childhood. We recently saw an 11-year-old girl with this condition. She presented with a swelling of the right side of the face that had been present since birth; there were typical findings on plain radiographs, CT, and MRI. The patient underwent cosmetic surgery. Histopathological examination showed mature adipocytes without any capsule.
Fetal environment
Authors: Kinare Arun 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe intrauterine environment has a strong influence on pregnancy outcome. The placenta and the umbilical cord together form the main supply line of the fetus. Amniotic fluid also serves important functions. These three main components decide whether there will be an uneventful pregnancy and the successful birth of a healthy baby. An insult to the intrauterine environment has an impact on the programming of the fetus, which can become evident in later life, mainly in the form of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain learning disabilities. The past two decades have witnessed major contributions from researchers in this field, who have included ultrasonologists, epidemiologists, neonatologists, and pediatricians. Besides being responsible for these delayed postnatal effects, abnormalities of the placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid also have associations with structural and chromosomal disorders. Population and race also influence pregnancy outcomes to some extent in certain situations. USG is the most sensitive imaging tool currently available for evaluation of these factors and can offer considerable information in this area. This article aims at reviewing the USG-related developments in this area and the anatomy, physiology, and various pathologies of the placenta, umbilical cord, and the amniotic fluid.
Extraconal cavernous hemangioma of orbit: A case report
Authors: Anand Rama , Deria Kavita , Sharma Pankaj , Narula MK. , Garg Rajiv 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCavernous hemangioma is the most common benign noninfiltrative neoplasm of the orbit. Most cavernous hemangiomas are intraconal and lateral in location. We present a case of a cavernous hemangioma with an unusual extraconal and superomedial location.
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for osteoid osteoma: How we do it
Authors: Jankharia Bhavin , Burute Nishigandha 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Aims and Objectives: To describe our technique for performing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in osteoid osteoma and to evaluate the results of treatment. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 40 patients in whom RFA was performed for osteoid osteomas between October 2005 and February 2008. The lesions were located in the femur (n = 22), tibia (n = 10), humerus (n = 2), acetabulum (n = 2), radius (n = 1), fibula (n = 1), patella (n = 1), and calcaneum (n = 1). The procedure was performed using a standard technique. Results: Technical success was achieved in all patients, with intranidal localization of the needle and complete ablation. All patients were fully weight bearing 2-3 h after the procedure. Successful pain relief was achieved in all patients within 48 h. Immediate complications included a case of minor thermal skin burn and a small cortical chip fracture, which healed on its own. There were no delayed complications. The average follow-up period was 12 months. Two patients (5% of cases) had recurrence of pain after intervals of 5 and 8 months, respectively, following the ablation; this was due to recurrence of the lesion. Complete pain relief was however achieved after a second ablation in both cases. Thus, our primary and secondary clinical success rates were 95 and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: RFA is a safe, quick, minimally invasive, and extremely effective method for the management of osteoid osteomas.
Fetal echocardiography
Authors: Chaubal Nitin G. , Chaubal Jyoti 
Published: February 2009

AbstractUSG performed with a high-end machine, using a good cine-loop facility is extremely helpful in the diagnosis of fetal cardiac anomalies. In fetal echocardiography, the four-chamber view and the outflow-tract view are used to diagnose cardiac anomalies. The most important objective during a targeted anomaly scan is to identify those cases that need a dedicated fetal echocardiogram. Associated truncal and chromosomal anomalies need to be identified. This review shows how fetal echocardiography, apart from identifying structural defects in the fetal heart, can be used to look at rhythm abnormalities and other functional aspects of the fetal heart.
Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: A Review
Authors: Gupta AK , Periakaruppan AL 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDural arteriovenous fistulas are fistulas connecting the branches of dural arteries to dural veins or a venous sinus. Digital subtraction angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosing these fistulas. Endovascular treatment is one of the first line options available for their management. This review article reviews the etiopathogenesis, natural history, common classification systems and various available treatment options.
64-slice CT imaging in a case of total anomalous pulmonary venous circulation
Authors: Shaheen Feroze , Gojwari Tariq A. , Andrabi Manzoor , Sofi Sanjid , Singh Manjit 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFor long, catheter angiography has been the investigation of choice for the diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the heart such as total anomalous pulmonary venous circulation (TAPVC). In the last few years, MRI and multislice CT scan have also been introduced for this purpose. We report a case where 64-slice CT scan was found very useful in the evaluation of TAPVC.
Pictorial essay: MRI of the fetal brain
Authors: Rao B Ganesh , Ramamurthy BS 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMRI is a useful supplement to USG for the assessment of fetal brain malformations. Superior soft tissue contrast and the ability to depict sulcation and myelination are the strengths of MRI. Subtle or inconclusive USG abnormalities can be confirmed or ruled out by MRI. In some cases, additional findings detected with MRI often help in arriving at a definitive diagnosis, which is necessary for parental counseling and for guiding management. Fast T2W sequences form the basis of fetal MRI. There have been no reports of deleterious effects of MRI on the fetus. A few case examples are presented to illustrate the advantages of MRI.
Case series: TRAP sequence
Authors: Chandramouly M ,   Namitha
Published: February 2009

AbstractTRAP (twin reversed arterial perfusion) sequence / acardiac twinning is a rare anomaly that occurs in monozygotic monochorionic twins with an incidence of 1% and in 1 in 35,000 pregnancies overall. The anomalous twin appears as a heterogeneous mass, simulating a teratoma or intrauterine fetal demise. As the normal twin faces increased morbidity and mortality, antenatal diagnosis with gray-scale examination, and Doppler confirmation of the diagnosis of TRAP sequence in twin pregnancies, aids in proper prenatal management. We report two cases of TRAP sequence that we encountered over a single month, with the two cases having different outcomes.
Prenatal diagnosis of left ventricular aneurysm
Authors: Balakumar K 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFetal cardiac anomalies involving the ventricular and atrial septa, outflow tracts, chambers, and valves are often encountered in routine screening. However, the prenatal detection of a fetal left ventricular aneurysm is rare. This report describes the case of a left ventricular aneurysm that was diagnosed at 24 weeks of gestation; the diagnosis was later confirmed by postnatal echocardiography. This case is reported because of its rarity and the characteristic echocardiographic findings. An early specific antenatal USG diagnosis helps in prognostication and in counseling of the parents.
Untreated Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders Among Caregivers With Children Reported to Child Protective Services
Authors: Mark Tami L. , Dolan Melissa , Allaire Benjamin , Parish William , Strack Claire , Poehler Diana , Madden Emily , Butler Valeria 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceMental and substance use disorders can interfere with parents’ ability to care for their children and are associated with a greater likelihood of child protective services involvement to address child maltreatment. Parent engagement in psychiatric and substance use disorder treatment can prevent child maltreatment and family separations.ObjectiveTo determine whether caregivers with psychiatric or substance use disorders whose children were referred to child protective services received Medicaid-funded psychiatric or substance use disorder treatment.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCaregivers listed on child welfare records were linked with their Medicaid records using 2017 to 2020 Medicaid and child welfare data from Florida and Kentucky. Medicaid claims were analyzed to determine if caregivers had a psychiatric or substance use disorder diagnosis and whether those caregivers received counseling or medications. The analysis was conducted in 2023.ExposureDiagnosis of a psychiatric or substance use disorder in 2020.Main Outcome and MeasureReceipt of psychiatric or substance use disorder counseling or medications.ResultsOf the 58 551 caregivers, 65% were aged between 26 and 40 years; 69% were female and 31% were male. Overall, 78% identified as White, 20% identified as Black/African American, and less than 1% identified as American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, or Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander. In 2020, 59% of caregivers with Medicaid and children referred to child protective services had a mental health or substance use disorder diagnosis, compared with 33% of age- and sex-matched Medicaid beneficiaries without children referred to child protective services (P &amp;lt; .001). Among caregivers with a psychiatric disorder, 38% received counseling and 67% received psychiatric medication. Among those with a substance use disorder, 40% received counseling and 38% received a substance use disorder medication.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this case-control study, despite Medicaid coverage of an array of effective behavioral health treatments, large portions of caregivers with Medicaid coverage, who need treatment and whose children were referred to child protective services, were not receiving treatment. Medicaid and child welfare agencies should make a greater effort to connect caregivers to behavioral health services.
Increased ROS levels in mitochondrial outer membrane protein Mul1‐deficient oocytes result in abnormal preimplantation embryogenesis
Authors: Nakai Ann , Fukushima Yuki , Yamamoto Ayaka , Amatsu Yuki , Chen Xiaoyan , Nishigori Mitsuhiro , Yoshioka Yukino , Kaneko Mari , Koshiba Takumi , Watanabe Toshio 
Published: April 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with oocyte maturation inhibition, and N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine (NAC) partially reduces their harmful effects. Mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (Mul1) localizes to the mitochondrial outer membrane. We found that female Mul1‐deficient mice are infertile, and their oocytes contain high ROS concentrations. After fertilization, Mul1‐deficient embryos showed a DNA damage response (DDR) and abnormal preimplantation embryogenesis, which was rescued by NAC addition and ROS depletion. These observations clearly demonstrate that loss of Mul1 in oocytes increases ROS concentrations and triggers DDR, resulting in abnormal preimplantation embryogenesis. We conclude that manipulating the mitochondrial ROS levels in oocytes may be a potential therapeutic approach to target infertility.
Preliminary Mechanism of Glial Maturation Factor β on Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Li Jie , Shi Si , Yan Wenwen , Shen Yuqin , Liu Caiying , Xu Jinyuan , Xu Guotong , Lu Lixia , Song Haoming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that glia maturation factor β (GMFβ) is important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hpertension (PAH), but the underlying mechanism is unknown. To clarify whether GMFβ can be involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling and to explore the role of the IL‐6‐STAT3 pathway in this process, the expression of GMFβ in PAH rats is examined and the expression of downstream molecules including periostin (POSTN) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is measured using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and western blot analysis. The location and expression of POSTN is also tested in PAH rats using immunofluorescence. It is proved that GMFβ is upregulated in the lungs of PAH rats. Knockout GMFβ alleviated the MCT‐PAH by reducing right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Moreover, the inflammation of the pulmonary vasculature is ameliorated in PAH rats with GMFβ absent. In addition, the IL‐6‐STAT3 signaling pathway is activated in PAH; knockout GMFβ reduced POSTN and IL‐6 production by inhibiting the IL‐6‐STAT3 signaling pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest that knockout GMFβ ameliorates PAH in rats by inhibiting the IL‐6‐STAT3 signaling pathway.
A Non‐Apoptotic Pattern of Caspase‐9/Caspase‐3 Activation During Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Ghorbani Negar , Shiri Mahshad , Alian Maedeh , Yaghubi Roham , Shafaghi Mojtaba , Hojjat Hamidreza , Pahlavan Sara , Davoodi Jamshid 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn vitro studies have demonstrated that the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into cardiomyocytes requires activation of caspases through the mitochondrial pathway. These studies have relied on synthetic substrates for activity measurements, which can be misleading due to potential none‐specific hydrolysis of these substrates by proteases other than caspases. Hence, caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 activation are investigated during the differentiation of human ESCs (hESCs) by directly assessing caspase‐9 and ‐3 cleavage. Western blot reveals the presence of the cleaved caspase‐9 prior to and during the differentiation of human ESCs (hESCs) into cardiomyocytes at early stages, which diminishes as the differentiation progresses, without cleavage and activation of endogenous procaspase‐3. Activation of exogenous procaspase‐3 by endogenous caspase‐9 and subsequent cleavage of chromogenic caspase‐3 substrate i.e. DEVD‐pNA during the course of differentiation confirmes that endogenous caspase‐9 has the potency to recognize and activate procaspase‐3, but for reasons that are unknown to us fails to do so. These observations suggest the existence of distinct mechanisms of caspase regulation in differentiation as compared to apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis suggests the presence of caspase‐9 regulators, which may influence proteolytic function under specific conditions.
Highly Stable and Sensitive (PEA)2PbBr4/CsPbBr3 Single‐Crystal Heterojunction X‐Ray Detector with Ultra‐Low Detection Limit
Authors: Xu Zhuangjie , Xi He , Sun Xue , Liu Hongjie , Liu Jiaxin , Ba Yanshuang , Chen Dandan , Zhang Guodong , Zhang Chunfu , Ma Xiaohua , Hao Yue 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetal halide perovskite (MHP) single crystals have shown great potential for high‐performance X‐ray detection due to their excellent carrier transport properties, tunable optical bandgap, and low‐temperature fabrication process. However, 3D perovskite single crystals suffer from severe ion migration, limiting the stability and sensitivity of X‐ray detectors. Herein, a lowing temperature crystallization (LTC) method for liquid‐phase epitaxial growth of 2D (PEA)2PbBr4 single‐crystal (SC) film on 3D CsPbBr3 substrate is demonstratedand a 2D/3D (PEA)2PbBr4/CsPbBr3 SC heterojunction is successfully constructed. The epitaxial (PEA)2PbBr4 layer shows a pronounced passivation effect on CsPbBr3 SC with a low trap density of 2.27 × 1010 cm−3. As such, the prepared 2D/3D heterojunction X‐ray detector achieves a record‐low detectable dose rate of 3.05 nGyair s−1 and high sensitivity of 34496 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 in 120 keV hard X‐ray detection, with a largely suppressed dark current drift of 2.49 × 10−4 nA cm−1 s−1 V−1. In addition, the heterojunction detector exhibits a self‐driven sensitivity of 44 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 due to its built‐in electric field. This work provides a simple strategy to controllable construct 2D/3D MHP SC heterojunction with excellent optoelectronic characteristic, which is conducive to promoting the development of MHP SC X‐ray detectors and other optoelectronic devices.