bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processing of soft pupae and uneclosed pharate adults of Drosophila for scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Beňo Milan , Liszeková Denisa , Farkaš Robert 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFor over four decades, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used in research involving Drosophila genetics and developmental biology. It allows for observation and documentation of the gross morphology of exoskeletal structures as well as their characterization at very high resolution. In most cases, SEM in Drosophila has been limited to imaging adult heads, thoraces, appendages, and embryos, as these structures are relatively hard and/or easy to process for SEM. In contrast, the structures of the pharate adult stages are difficult to prepare for SEM because their integument is quite soft, they are extremely dirty and they are resistant to the usual processing methods. Here, we present an innovative method to prepare these types of structures. Our protocol efficiently removes extraneous material originating from the exuvial fluid of pharate adults and uses a hydrophobic expansion step to keep the soft exoskeleton of the body inflated. In addition to using immersion fixation, it utilizes fixation within the body that occurs via a reaction between osmium tetroxide and alcohols that are infiltrated into the body during a hydrophobic expansion step. This novel approach results in a properly inflated integument that retains its shape in subsequent procedures. Our method provides a useful, general alternative for processing difficult samples, including soft, biological “whole‐mount” specimens and samples that are extremely dirty or resistant to fixative penetration. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of quantitative procedures for X‐ray microanalysis of environmental particles
Authors: Choël M. , Deboudt K. , Flament P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractScanning electron microscopy combined with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry is particularly suited to characterizing morphology and elemental composition of individual microparticles. Although not straightforward, quantitative X‐ray microanalysis of low‐Z‐containing particles is achievable using atmospheric thin‐window X‐ray detectors. A critical aspect of light element analysis is the choice of substrate material. In this work, particles were deposited on specially developed boron substrates. Three case studies were investigated successively in the order of increasing difficulty. Firstly, hundreds of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles ranging in size from 0.3 to 10 μm were analyzed. Three quantitative procedures were tested: the “k‐ratio” method, conventional ZAF correction, and Monte Carlo simulations. Average relative errors obtained by the reverse Monte Carlo quantitative program named CASINO were better than 2.5 wt %, carbon included. Secondly, further evaluation was carried out on a finely crushed biotite mineral, containing more than nine elements. Finally, airborne particulate matter, consisting of a complex heterogeneous mixture of particles, was investigated. By applying the Monte Carlo quantitative procedure, the observed particles were easily classified into particle types. Pure compounds (e.g., CaSO4·2H2O, SiO2, CaCO3, etc) were directly assigned according to stoichiometry. In some cases (marine‐derived particles), a partial reactivity of atmospheric particles was demonstrated by quantitative analysis. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel approach for the construction of multiple shRNA expression vectors
Authors: Gou Deming , Weng Tingting , Wang Yang , Wang Zhixin , Zhang Honghao , Gao Li , Chen Zhongming , Wang Pengcheng , Liu Lin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe application of RNA interference (RNAi) as a research and therapeutic tool depends on its ability to silence genes in a sequence‐specific manner. Recent studies have reported that the effective knockdown of genes can be achieved by multiple short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) in a single vector. Moreover, this approach can depress several genes simultaneously. However, current methods for the construction of multiple shRNA vectors often suffer from vector instability and are time‐consuming. Here, we describe a simple, quick and low‐cost approach to construct a single vector expressing four shRNA sequences driven by four different promoters. Using this vector, we were able to improve the gene silencing efficiency and make it possible to silence four different genes simultaneously, further expanding the application spectrum of RNAi, both in functional studies and therapeutic strategies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of trace levels of dinitrophenolic compounds by microporous membrane liquid–liquid extraction in environmental water samples
Authors: Bartolomé Luis , Lezamiz Jon , Etxebarria Néstor , Zuloaga Olatz , Jönsson Jan Åke 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA fast and simple hollow fibre‐based microporous membrane liquid–liquid extraction (MMLLE) method is proposed for the determination of trace levels of dinitrophenolic compounds in water samples. The optimization step was performed using a three‐variables Doehlert matrix design, involving the fibre length, the quantity of trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) in the acceptor phase and the extraction time. Using the established experimental conditions, some other parameters such as stirring speed, salt content, humic acids and different organic solvents as the acceptor phase were studied. Validation of the method included calibration experiments, linearity studies and determination of method LOD (MLD). The RSD was around 11% in all the experiments on different days at different concentrations. Separation and detection of four dinitrophenols were performed in 10 min with an RP‐LC and a C8 column ACN–citric buffer gradient elution and diode array detection.
Managed socialization: how smart companies leverage global knowledge
Authors: Moitra Deependra , Kumar Kuldeep 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDriven by economic and market forces, the last 2 decades have witnessed a phenomenal acceleration in the pace of globalization. Today, globalization, and particularly globalization of knowledge work, has emerged as a business necessity. In their quest for competitiveness, more and more companies are leveraging global resources by distributing knowledge work across borders and essentially establishing around‐the‐clock innovation engines. Yet, managing knowledge—the most valuable resource of the new economy enterprises—remains to be a formidable business challenge to deal with. This challenge assumes even greater complexity in the context of globalization, characterized by distance, language barriers, cultural diversity, and a host of other socio‐political factors. Whilst there have been considerable developments in the discipline of knowledge management, much of that does not quite alleviate the struggle companies face in effectively harnessing global knowledge. Specifically, while much progress has been made in managing explicit knowledge, firms find it hard to capture and leverage the tacit knowledge, which holds the key to knowledge‐based competition.This paper argues that this inability to capitalize on the tacit knowledge stems from a missing ‘social’ dimension in the design of knowledge management strategies, which when addressed leads to unleashing the valuable tacit knowledge. Drawing on real‐world research spanning 12 leading companies, in this paper we discussManaged Socialization—the most vital management process for harnessing global knowledge. We argue that only by institutingmanaged socializationfirms can truly succeed in leveraging global knowledge. Toward that, we describe the various elements that constitutemanaged socializationand based on case studies distil actionable insights that firms can capitalize on to fuel their quest for global dominance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Knowledge creation and transfer in a cross‐cultural context—empirical evidence from Tyco Flow Control
Authors: Kohlbacher Florian , Krähe Michael O. B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe capability of multinational corporations (MNCs) to create and efficiently combine knowledge from different locations around the world is becoming increasingly important as a determinant of competitive advantage and will be more and more critical to their success and survival. Consequently, cultural differences and cross‐cultural contexts play an essential role for and significantly influence global knowledge creation and management. This paper presents a case study resulting from a current empirical research project on knowledge management and the transfer of knowledge within organizations of MNCs. We describe and analyze the efforts of global market leader Tyco Flow Control (TFC)'s Japanese subsidiary KTM to transfer relevant—and often highly tacit—knowledge to a newly acquired production site in Taiwan. Challenges and difficulties encountered in the process of global knowledge management—in this case the transfer of knowledge from Japan to Taiwan—as well as the creation of new knowledge locally and its feedback—are illustrated and carefully examined. Finally, we discuss our findings and highlight practical implications for managers and international corporations in a global business environment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Knowledge management and global cultures: elucidation through an institutional knowledge‐flow perspective
Authors: Nissen Mark E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractKnowledge—particularly tacit knowledge—is key to sustainable competitive advantage. This applies especially to the current competitive environment of increasing globalization. As global organizations engage in increasing levels of intercultural interaction—across continents, nations, organizations, races, religions, norms, and customs—intercultural differences can impede knowledge flows, and hence degrade competitive performance. Managing such knowledge flows—diagnosing and dissolving intercultural knowledge clumps and clots that impede healthy circulation—represents a critical priority in this competitive, global environment, but the sets of knowledge management (KM) theories and analytical lenses available to most leaders and managers remain limited in terms of managing intercultural knowledge flows. Alternatively, Institution Theory and institutional analysis offer excellent promise to elucidate important aspects of globalization, and can be very helpful with understanding cultural change. The problem is, Institution Theory does not address knowledge flows well at present; hence its elucidatory potential in this light remains opaque. In this expository article, we integrate emerging Knowledge‐Flow Theory with established Institution Theory, and use this multidisciplinary perspective to develop new insight into how knowledge flows can be managed across global organizations and intercultural contexts. The use and utility of this new theoretical perspective are illustrated through examination of a current, global, engineering project that involves intercultural interaction. Results provide actionable guidance for the global manager, in addition to compelling topics for future research along these lines. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of land use on some soil properties related to the risk of loss of soil phosphorus
Authors: Troitiño F. , Gil‐Sotres F. , Leirós M.C. , Trasar‐Cepeda C. , Seoane S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAlthough land use clearly modifies soil properties, the intensity of the modifications depends on the management procedures and also on the soil properties themselves. To enable construction of models that describe soil nutrient losses, extensive databases corresponding to soils under different land use must be made available. Analysis of 404 samples of soils (from Galicia, NW Spain), under different types of use revealed that most of the soil properties underwent changes in the following order: forest use (least modified) ‐ grassland ‐ arable (most modified). Decreases in the contents of organic matter, extractable oxides and P‐adsorption capacity followed the same order, as did increases in the contents of available P (total, inorganic and organic), P desorbed with distilled water, and degree of P saturation. In general, in all of the soils, independently of their use, the amount of P desorbed (whether total P, molybdate reactive P or particulate P) was more closely related to the degree of P saturation than to the levels of P extracted with bicarbonate. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why do prices rise faster than they fall? With an application to mortgage rates
Authors: Toolsema Linda A. , Jacobs Jan P. A. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEmpirical literature shows that prices respond asymmetrically to cost changes in many markets, rising faster than falling. An example is the mortgage rate, which follows an increase in capital market rates faster than a decrease. We examine various theoretical explanations for asymmetric price adjustments in general and discuss their validity for the mortgage rate. We show that in The Netherlands mortgage rates indeed respond asymmetrically to changes in capital market rates and consider the relevance of theoretical explanations for this particular market. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A synthetic aperture radar‐based focusing algorithm for B‐scan ground penetrating radar imagery
Authors: Yigit Enes , Demirci Sevket , Ozdemir Caner , Kavak Adnan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn the classical B‐Scan ground penetrating radar (GPR) imagery, unprocessed image domain data exhibit undesired hyperbolic effects and therefore have low resolution features. To solve this problem, various focusing or migration techniques have been developed and applied to focus the scattered energy at their true spatial locations in the object space. In this article, we present a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) based focusing algorithm to obtain well‐localized two‐dimensional B‐scan GPR images of various buried objects. The concept and the formulation of our frequency domain based imaging algorithm are presented. The performance of the algorithm is tested with both the simulated and measurement data. The simulation data are generated by a physical optics shooting and bouncing ray (PO‐SBR) technique code; whereas the C‐band measured data are collected via an experimental set‐up for different ground environments. Almost perfect focusing performance is achieved for the simulated GPR images. Similarly, well‐focused GPR images with high lateral resolutions are also obtained for the measurement data from metallic and non‐metallic buried objects. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2534–2540, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22724
A coplanar waveguide on‐chip RF choke for WLAN RF circuits
Authors: Kavlak Canan , Gurbuz Yasar , Tekin Ibrahim 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA novel on‐chip RF choke at 5 GHz is designed and measured for a class A operating Wireless LAN RF power amplifier (PA). The coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐based on‐chip RF choke is implemented as an alternative component to inductors provided by the 0.35‐μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The CPW RF choke is designed at 5 GHz, and has a length of 1600 μm and loaded with a capacitance of 0.95 pF. The measured impedance of the RF choke at 5 GHz is around 104 Ω. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2530–2534, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22725
Dual‐band operation of an electromagnetic band‐gap patch antenna
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Hao Yang 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article, a novel concept of electromagnetic band‐gap (EBG) antenna is proposed: dual/multiple band antenna resonances can be achieved using a single patch radiator based on layered EBG substrates. The generalized design procedure is presented. Experimental results demonstrate good agreement with the theoretical prediction and numerical results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2454–2458, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22728
Tunable first‐order differential group delay generation using a uniform fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Viegas D. , Pinto N. M. P. , Romero R. , Frazão O. , Costa A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDifferential group delay (DGD) generation by inducing birefringence in uniform fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) is studied. Applying a transverse load, a birefringence is induced on a uniform FBG creating a tunable differential group delay. A theoretical behavior of this phenomenon is presented being in good agreement with the experimental results obtained. A maximum experimental tunable DGD of ∼60 ps was obtained with this induced birefringent process in the uniform FBG. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2451–2454, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22729
A planar dipole array formed by small resonant particles
Authors: Englund M. , Viitanen A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article the complex interaction constant of an infinite planar dipole array is presented. The imaginary part can be expressed in a closed form and the real part can be formulated in a rapidly convergencing manner using the Poisson summation and the Fourier transformation. At a certain frequencies a resonator can be realized loading the dipole inclusions. Inductive, series resonance, and parallel resonance electric circuit loads are considered. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2419–2422, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22730
Ultra wideband filter design based on composite right‐/left‐handed transmission line
Authors: Li Bin , Dai Xi‐Wang , Wu Bian , Liang Chang‐Hong 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA novel design method of ultra wideband filter based on the composite right‐/left‐handed transmission line theory is presented in this article. Defected ground structure and microstrip interdigital capacitor are introduced to satisfy the necessity of ultra wideband (UWB) filter. A four‐cell composite right/left‐handed UWB filter is fabricated and measured. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2379–2381, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22733
Negative refraction from balanced quasi‐planar chiral inclusions
Authors: Marqués Ricardo , Jelinek Lukas , Mesa Francisco 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis work proposes a quasi‐planar chiral resonator suitable for the design of negative refractive index metamaterials. It is presented as an analytical model to determine the metamaterial polarizabilities, which is also the basis of a further study of the viability of negative refraction in chiral and racemic arrangements of inclusions made up with the proposed quasi‐planar chiral resonator. The present analysis is expected to pave the way for the design and building of feasible negative refractive index metamaterials whose inclusions can be manufactured by means of standard photo‐etching techniques. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2606–2609, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22736
Injection‐locked GaInp/GaAs HBT frequency divider with stacked transformers
Authors: Wei Hung‐Ju , Meng Chinchun , Chang YuWen , Huang Guo‐Wei 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe first integrated GaInP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) injection‐locked frequency divider (ILFD) with the stacked transformers is demonstrated around 10 GHz. The stacked transformers formed by only two metal layers provide the inductive coupling in the cross feedback and separate biasing for base and collector to allow for the larger output swing in the LC tank and obtaining wide locking range. Under the supply voltage of 5 V and core power consumption of 20.5 mW, the locking range is 7.8% of the center operating frequency. The chip size of the entire ILFD including probing pads is 1.0 × 1.0 mm2. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2602–2605, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22737
Experimental investigation of photonic millimeter‐wave, beam‐splitter‐type coupler in image guide technology
Authors: Fickenscher Thomas 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOptical control of the coupling characteristics of beam‐splitter‐type directional couplers in image guide technology is investigated experimentally at W‐band. A highly resistive thin silicon lamella is used as a photosensitive beam splitter inside a rectangular junction of two image guides with dielectric strips made of quartz. Measurement results are compared with theory based on a combined approach of the effective dielectric constant method and geometrical optics assuming a uniform photoinduced plasma density inside the semiconductor lamella. The coupling of the device can be controlled optically from about 10 to 23 dB with a variation of less than 2 dB across the whole W‐band. Apart from the application as a directional coupler with controllable coupling characteristics the structure can be used as a cross‐over switch. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2526–2530, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22740
Optimization to reduce EDFA gain fluctuations for optical packet buffering
Authors: Thomas Djeisson Hoffmann , von der Weid Jean Pierre 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn wavelength division multiplexing networks it is necessary to buffer incoming packets to resolve the contentions in any network node. We optimized the performance of an all‐optical ring‐laser gain‐clamped erbium‐doped fiber amplifier working in a delay line to store packets for a time as long as 2 ms with power penalty as small as 0.3 dB. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2523–2526, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22741
Semiempirical model for admittance and scattering parameters of GaN MESFET for microwave circuit applications
Authors: Kabra Sneha , Kaur Harsupreet , Haldar Subhasis , Gupta Mridula , Gupta R. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA semiempirical model of GaN MESFET to evaluate admittance parameters, scattering parameters, maximum unilateral transducer power gain, and maximum stable gain is presented. Frequency dependence of the parasitic capacitances obtained by simulations has been utilized to develop the model. Results have been verified using ATLAS 2D device simulator and are also compared with parasitic element‐dependent model. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2446–2450, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22744
A diamond‐like vertical monopole antenna for ultra‐wideband communication
Authors: Khan Salman Naeem , Ti Ling , Hu Jun , He Sailing 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA diamond monopole (DM) antenna is proposed for ultra‐wideband (UWB) communication. The impedance bandwidth is improved by cutting the two opposite vertexes of a square. The design parameters are analyzed and optimized to obtain a good performance. Comparison between the proposed DM and a conventional circular disk monopole (CDM) is also given. The proposed UWB antenna has advantages over a CDM in (for example) small size and omnidirectivity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2443–2446, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22745