bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Support, Quality of Life, and Self-Care Behaviors Among African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Tang Tricia S. , Brown Morton B. , Funnell Martha M. , Anderson Robert M. 
Published: March 2008

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine social support and its relationship to diabetes-specific quality of life and selfcare behaviors in African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Methods The study followed a cross-sectional, observational design and recruited 89 African American adults, age 40 and older (mean = 60, SD = 10.5), diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Participants completed measures assessing dia- betes-specific quality of life, self-care behaviors (healthy eating, physical activity, self-monitoring of blood glucose, foot care, medication and/or insulin use), demographic background, and diabetes-related social support. Diabetes-related social support variables included amount of social support received, satisfaction with support, positive support behavior, negative support behavior, and primary source of support. Results Stepwise regressions, controlling for demographic variables, were conducted to identify predictors of diabetes-specific quality of life and selfcare behaviors from the diabetes-related social support variables. Satisfaction with support was a predictor for improved diabetes-specific quality of life (r = –.579, P < .001) and blood glucose monitoring (r = .258, P < .05). Positive support behavior was a predictor for following a healthy eating plan (r = .280, P < .05), spacing out carbohydrates evenly throughout the day (r = .367, P < .01), and performing physical activity at least 30 minutes per day (r = .296, P < .05). Negative support behavior was a predictor for not taking medication as recommended (r = –.348, P < .01). Conclusions Findings indicate that social support plays a role in diabetes-specific quality of life and self-management practices. Social support encompasses multiple dimensions that differentially influence specific diabetes health-related outcomes and behaviors.
Diabetes Care and Education in Rural Regions
Authors: O'Brien Tara , Denham Sharon A. 
Published: March 2008

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine what is cur- rently known about diabetes education and care in rural geographical regions. Residents of rural areas are less likely to have access to health care providers, health insurance, or specialty care and are more likely to experience health care disparities as a result. Persons living in rural areas are likely to have greater burdens of chronic disease, including uncontrolled diabetes, and perceive their health as poorer than their urban counterparts. Methods A conventional literature review focused on type 1 and type 2 diabetes was completed using the search terms rural, diabetes, and education. The databases searched were CINAHL, EBSCO, Pub Med, and Medline. In all, 22 research articles that fit the inclusion criteria were identified. Results Findings indicated that diabetes education for rural regions can be enhanced by a focus on family, culture, interdisciplinary teams, and technology. Conclusions Future rural research about diabetes care should carefully define rural, include gender-related studies that describe findings in terms of men and women, and focus on primary prevention.
Tailoring a Diabetes Self-Care Intervention for Use With Older, Rural African American Women
Authors: Leeman Jennifer , Skelly Anne H. , Burns Dorothy , Carlson John , Soward April 
Published: March 2008

Purpose The purpose of this study was to tailor a diabetes management intervention to the cultural and age-related needs and preferences of older, rural African American women. Methods Findings from exploratory research, clinical experience, and review of the literature were used to inform the development of a culture- and function-specific intervention. Findings informed the design of the intervention, format of intervention delivery, format of intervention materials, and training provided to interventionists. Intervention materials were reviewed by a community advisory board, and the intervention was pilot tested with 43 women. Results The intervention's delivery was tailored to the needs of older African American women through the use of 1-hour, in-home sessions that used a storytelling format to share information. The design of the intervention individualized its content to each woman's symptom experience, self-care practices, and coping strategies. Extensive training sensitized intervention nurses to coping strategies (spirituality, church, family) and barriers to self-care (functional limitations, stress, the multi-caregiver role) that are common among older African American women. Intervention materials were culturally sensitive and in large-print format. Conclusions African American women's cultural background may have a strong influence on health behaviors and beliefs. Older women's health behaviors are further influenced by changes in their functional abilities. Therefore, the authors tailored a diabetes self-care management inter- vention to be specific to older African American women's cultural and functional differences. An initial pilot of the intervention found high levels of participant satisfaction with the intervention, improvements in dia- betes self-care practices, and a trend toward greater metabolic control.
'Once this land was ours'
Authors: Omvedt Gail 
Published: March 2008

We publish below a chapter from Gail Omvedt's forthcoming book We will smash this prison! Indian women in struggle. Cail's research (which both sprang out of, and involved her further, in active commit ment to the women's movement in India) took place during 1975-6. Her book gives an account of those ten months, of the women she met and talked to, the problems they faced and the solutions they were beginning to work out, culminating in the organisation of a 'United Women's Liberation Struggle Conference' held in Pune. When I talk about my experiences of those days, I am invariably asked, with some amazement, 'But was your experience typical? Were these women typical?' No, of course not. Why should they be? First, readers should remember that the events described here took place mainly in one part of India, the state of Maharashtra, which has a relatively high rate of women's work participation and a strong tradition of social-cultural revolt, both factors leading to a relatively vigorous expression of women's militancy. Secondly, the women I met for the most part (though not always) were in some way or another involved in organisation and protest activity. They were not 'typical' in the sense of being randomly chosen to represent a numerical average. But they are authentic.
Sri Lanka: the economics of capitulation
Authors: Ponnambalam Satchi 
Published: March 2008

Since 1948, when Sri Lanka became independent, the two major par ties - the United National Party (UNP) and the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) - have alternated in governing the country. The SLFP, in coalition with the Trotskyite Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP) and the Communist Party (CP), last held office as the United Front (UF) from 1970 to 1977. The current UNP government came to power in the July 1977 elections. The years of the UF government had been marked by a state of emergency (following a major insurrection by the youth in the countryside), lasting for almost the whole term of their office, which severely curbed political and trade union activity, drastically cir cumscribed civil liberties and substantially curtailed judicial in dependence. The UFgovernment's policies of land redistribution, pro motion of rural development, increasing self-sufficiency in food pro duction and lessening dependence on tea and rubber exports were not far reaching enough to halt or reverse the steady pull of Sri Lanka into the world capitalist system. What resulted was a so-called 'mixed economy' professing to reflect the Buddhist virtues of 'the middle path'. But such policies were simply not viable, and in any case tended to be undermined by corruption and inefficiency. In the end, the government was discredited and suffered an overwhelming defeat in the elections of 1977. The landslide victory of the UNP marked a significant change in Sri Lankan politics, and has disturbing implications for the country's future. Elected on a platform of 'just and righteous' government, on promises of restoring civil rights, and pledged to 'democratic socialism', one of the government's first acts was to promulgate a new constitution which vested sweeping powers in the newly-created office of Executive President. From the beginning, the UNP has stressed its commitment to a free economy' and its wholehearted welcome of foreign investment and western aid. It is now pursuing, with frightening speed, a series of massive and far-reaching 'development' policies whose effect can only be to bring the country into a state of total dependency within the im perialist system. We examine some of these extraverted policies and their implications in the following article, which is based on a chapter from the author's forthcoming book on Sri Lanka: The Crisis of Dependent Capitalism: the Sri Lankan economy 1948-1980 (Zed Press, 57 Caledonian Road, London N1 9DN).
Non-violence in the occupied territories
Authors: Awad Mubarak L. 
Published: March 2008

As this issue of Race & Class was going to press, we received from a friend in Jerusalem an Arabic language pamphlet which is currently circulating among Palestinians in the West Bank, Gaza, and Israel. The author of al-A'anaf fi al-Aradhi al-Muhattalati (Non-violence in the Occupied Territories) is Dr Mubarak A wad, a US trained Palesti nian educator. We think this is a very important initiative, and the lively interest it has sparked among Palestinian activists to be a most significant development. In rough translation, we publish excerpts from this pam phlet in the hope that it will receive broad attention, and the discussion be constructively joined by others engaged in the struggle for justice and Palestinian self-determination.
UK commentary
Authors: Bridges Lee 
Published: March 2008

After years of government-inspired political attacks, and government- imposed financial cuts on local authority housing - including much publicised 'right-to-buy' initiatives, prohibitions on using even money from sales for improving housing, and the selling off (by Conservative boroughs) of whole estates over tenants' heads - the quality and availability of public housing has deteriorated starkly. Black protest over the scarcity of public housing was most drama tically demonstrated when homeless Bengali families in the London borough of Camden occupied the town hall in 1984, after the death of a mother and her two children in a bed-and-breakfast hotel fire. Follow ing the occupation, an investigation into Camden's housing policies was carried out under the direction of local community organisations. * The investigation, conducted against the backdrop of sweeping legislative changes which threaten the very coherence and long-term existence of public housing, has implications for the black community as a whole. Lee Bridges, who served on the Investigation Panel and wrote its report, extracts and summarises the main findings.
Namibia 1: the British press
Authors: Chaane Busi 
Published: March 2008

On 22 December 1988, an agreement was finally reached that paved the way for independent government in Namibia by April 1990. The agreement, signed by the US, Angola, Cuba and South Africa, signalled the withdrawal of south African troops operating in southern Angola - there explicitly hounding SWAPO, and implicitly aiding UNITA. Some 65,000 South African troops were to be confined to base in Namibia (and Cuban troops were to be withdrawn from Angola). This historic event - the implementation of UN Resolution 435 which laid out the framework for self-government — only made international headlines after 1 April 1989, when fierce battles between SWAPO and South African forces threatened to destroy the delicate independence process which was supposedly under UN supervision. We publish below a brief account of how this has been reported in the British press, together with a statement from SWAPO's press agency.
'Drinking from one pot': Yemeni unity, at home and overseas
Authors: Searle Chris , Shaif Abdulgalil 
Published: March 2008

Outside of expatriate Yemeni communities, very little is known in Europe or north America about Yemen and its people. The unification in May 1990 of the two separate Yemeni states, the Yemen Arab Republic in the north and the People's Democratic Republic of the Yemen in the south, created little interest in the establishment press of the West. And yet, this unity was achieved in an era of intense fragmentation of nations and secessionism in many parts of the world, including countries very close to the Yemen. It was also managed voluntarily, without war or rancour, and with each separate state willingly offering up its individual sovereignty. In this interview, given in July 1990, Abdulgalil Shaif gives a perspective from the heart of the emigrant community on Yemen's anti-imperialist history and its new unity. Sheffield has a population of 2, 000 Yemenis, most of whom are the families of now redundant steelworkers, who arrived in the city during the 1950s and 1960s, and who are organised through two separate community associations that reflected their origins in the two formerly separated Yemens. The unification has been greeted with great joy by Yemenis abroad, and is seen as a powerful stimulus for their own community development in Britain and elsewhere. Shaif's story is one of a small black community in the gut of a large British ex-industrial city, struggling for social justice in its new setting, as well as striving to l1laintain and revitalise its lirtks witlt the hOl1leland: the story of a people vt~ho ltaae iit>v homes artd two strllggles. and a story of two generations keeping faith with each otlter in the old/new land of post-imperial power.
Our sciences, their science
Authors: Bazin Maurice 
Published: March 2008

'Come, then, my friends; it would be better to decide at once to come about and change our ways. We must shake off the heavy darkness in which we were plunged, and leave it behind... 'Come, then, my friends; the European game has definitely ended; we must find something different. We today can do everything, so long as we do not ape Europe, so long as we are not obsessed by the desire to catch up with Europe... . 'Two centuries ago, a former European colony set its mind on catching up with Europe. It succeeded so well at it that the United States of America became a monster, in which the taints, the sicknesses, and the inhumanity of Europe have grown to appalling dimensions... 'Today we witness the stasis of Europe. Comrades, let us flee from this motionless movement where gradually, dialectics has been changed into the logic of equilibrium. Let us reconsider the question of mankind... 'The Third World today faces Europe like a colossal mass whose aim must be to try to resolve the problems to which Europe has not been able to bring a solution... 'But if we want humanity to advance a notch higher, if we want to bring it up to a different level than that which Europe displayed, then we must invent and we must discover new ways.
Epidemiology of Knee Injuries among Boys and Girls in US High School Athletics
Authors: Ingram Jay G. , Fields Sarah K. , Yard Ellen E. , Comstock R. Dawn 
Published: March 2008

Background The knee joint is the second most commonly injured body site and the leading cause of high school sports-related surgeries. Knee injuries are among the most economically costly sports injuries and may require subsequent surgery or extensive and expensive rehabilitation. Purpose To report the incidence, risk, and severity of high school knee injuries across sports, genders, and type of exposure. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods During the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 school years, 100 US high schools were randomly selected for a nationally representative sample. Certified athletic trainers tracked injuries using an online injury surveillance system, High School RIO™, in 9 high school sports. Results There were 1383 knee injuries reported during 3 551 131 athlete exposures for a rate of 3.89 knee injuries per 10 000 athlete exposures. Although boys had a higher overall rate of knee injury (rate ratio, 1.38; confidence interval, 1.22–1.55), girls were twice as likely to sustain knee injuries requiring surgery (major knee injuries) than were boys (injury proportion ratio, 1.98; confidence interval, 1.45–2.70) and twice as likely to incur noncontact major knee injuries (injury proportion ratio, 1.98; confidence interval, 1.23–3.19) as were boys. Although illegal play was identified as a contributing factor in only 5.7% of all knee injuries, 20% of knee injuries resulting from illegal play required surgery. Conclusion Knee injury rates and patterns varied by sport, gender, and type of exposure. Identified gender differences included differences in injury rates, injury severity, and basic injury mechanism. Further surveillance is crucial for the development of targeted, evidence-based injury prevention strategies to reduce the morbidity and economic impact of knee surgeries.
In vivo Comparison of Changes in Glenohumeral Translation after Arthroscopic Capsulolabral Reconstructions
Authors: Magit David P. , Tibone James E. , Lee Thay Q. 
Published: March 2008

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to quantify anteroposterior glenohumeral translation of patients undergoing arthroscopic capsulolabral repairs using cutaneous electromagnetic position sensors.HypothesisAnteroposterior translation will be restored after arthroscopic capsulolabral repairs to values similar to the contralateral or uninjured shoulder.Study DesignCohort study; Level of evidence, 2.MethodsWith use of an electromagnetic tracking system, preoperative anteroposterior translation was measured in the injured and uninvolved shoulders of 32 patients with a diagnosis of glenohumeral labral tears. Testing was done with patients placed in the supine position with the arm suspended in 90° of abduction and neutral rotation. The American Shoulder and Elbow Society index and range of motion were also measured. Patients with capsulolabral injuries requiring arthroscopic repair were reexamined at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.ResultsIn patients with anteroinferior/posteroinferior capsulolabral repairs, glenohumeral translation at 3 and 6 months postoperative ( P < .0001) was significantly decreased compared with preoperative values ( P = .0007) and the uninvolved side (preoperative, P = .04; postoperative, P = .002). In patients with superior capsulolabral (superior labral anterior-posterior) repairs, the mean glenohumeral translation at 3 and 6 months postoperative was decreased significantly compared with the preoperative value; however, no significant differences were found between the uninvolved side (preoperative, P = .5) and the operative shoulder (postoperative, P = .2). By 6-month follow-up, no significant difference existed in external rotation when compared with preoperative values for either repair group.ConclusionArthroscopic superior capsulolabral reconstructions successfully restored anteroposterior translation. However, arthroscopic capsulolabral techniques for treating recurrent anterior or posterior instability resulted in decreased anteroposterior translation compared to the uninvolved side while restoring external rotation.
A Comparison of the Policy, Social, and Cultural Contexts for Telecommuting in Japan and the United States
Authors: Mokhtarian Patricia L. , Sato Koji 
Published: March 2008

Active experimentation with telecommuting in both the United States and Japan is among the most extensive in the world. However, policy, social, and cultural distinctions result in some important differences in the way telecommuting is adopted by each country. This paper presents a comparison of the policy, social, and cultural contexts for telecommuting in Japan and the United States. An overview of various types of telecommuting and remote office arrangements is provided, illustrating the diversity of Japanese experimentation with the remote-work concept. Reasons for interest in telecommuting are compared, including commute stress, urban growth management, air quality and energy concerns, employee recruitment and retention, savings on office-space costs, and disaster response. Cultural barriers to the adoption of telecommuting in Japan are discussed, including the lack of formal job definition, the preference for face-to-face communication, the importance of the group, limitations of home-based telecommuting, and others. Operational issues potentially supporting or inhibiting the adoption of telecommuting are also described, including technology, marketing, and training. Keywords: telecommuting, teleworking, comparative studies (U.S. / Japan).
Offensive Capabilities of Space-Based Lasers
Authors: Altmann Jürgen 
Published: March 2008

'Certainly, there should be a better way to strengthen peace and stability, a way to move away from a future that relies so heavily on the prospect of rapid and massive nuclear retaliation and toward greater reliance on defensive systems which threaten no one.' (President R. Reagan, Jan. 1985)1 'It is ironic and paradoxical that the age of deterrence has so confused the strategic mentality of many commentators that their reaction to a purely defensive system is to suggest that it increases danger.' (Z. Brzezinski, National Security Advisor under President Carter, July 1984)2 'What I want is a radar surveillance system which allows you to spot everything that's moving, either on the surface or above the surface of the earth. And if we had a number of companion systems, a high-energy laser, or particle beam weapon, or something else along with the pointing and tracking ability to knock down airplanes and missiles, then you wouldn't even need to knock out cities; you would knock out forces. You could pin your enemy down on earth. What would they do? If I control the high ground and you can't move, what are you going to do? You're going to negotiate a surrender. That's what it's all about.' (Gen. (Ret.) B. Schriever, who formulated the transition report on space policy when Reagan took office in 1980/81)3