bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspects of non-relativistic quantum field theories
Authors: Baiguera Stefano 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNon-relativistic quantum field theory is a framework that describes systems where the velocities are much smaller than the speed of light. A large class of those obey Schrödinger invariance, which is the equivalent of the conformal symmetry in the relativistic world. In this review, we pedagogically introduce the main theoretical tools used to study non-relativistic physics: null reduction and$$c \rightarrow \infty $$c→∞limits, wherecis the speed of light. We present a historical overview of non-relativistic wave equations, Jackiw–Pi vortices, the Aharonov–Bohm scattering, and the trace anomaly for a Schrödinger scalar. We then review modern developments, including fermions at unitarity, the quantum Hall effect, off-shell actions, and a systematic classification of the trace anomaly. The last part of this review is dedicated to current research topics. We define non-relativistic supersymmetry and a corresponding superspace to covariantly deal with quantum corrections. Finally, we define the Spin Matrix Theory limit of the AdS/CFT correspondence, which is a non-relativistic sector of the duality obtained via a decoupling limit, where a precise matching of the two sides can be achieved.
Dietary niche of the endangered Psychedelic Rock Gecko (Cnemaspis psychedelica) in southern Vietnam
Authors: Ngo Hai Ngoc , Nguyen Truong Quang , Nguyen Khoi Vu , Ziegler Thomas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Psychedelic Rock Gecko (Cnemaspis psychedelica), is a species endemic to southernmost Vietnam. It was recently assessed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List and also included in the CITES Appendix I, due to anthropogenic threats such as habitat degradation and over-collection for the pet trade. To protect wild populations and the natural habitat of this species, knowledge of its demography and ecology is essential to implement fitting conservation measures. In this study, we conducted field surveys on Hon Khoai Island, Ca Mau Province, southern Vietnam in both dry and wet seasons, and obtained food contents of 114 individuals of C. psychedelica by water-flushing the stomach without sacrificing them. Consequently, 685 invertebrate items were identified, belonging to 24 different prey types of 20 invertebrate orders, as well as flatworms, snails and plant parts. Araneae, Blattodea, Hymenoptera and Isoptera were identified as the most important prey of C. psychedelica, among which Araneae accounted for the highest percentage, and thus the highest importance index, during the dry season and Hymenoptera during the wet season. There was a large overlap in the trophic niche between the two seasons, and between males and females of C. psychedelica. This study shows that not only suitable habitat but also a particular food spectrum is a requirement for the species and this, in addition, is important to optimize conservation breeding programs.
Fruits of the Gardens: Ethics, Metaphysics, and Textual Pleasures in Late Qajar Iran
Authors: Gheissari Ali 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article introduces a miscellany notebook in Arabic and Persian, entitled Favāka al-basātin (Fruits of the Gardens), compiled around 1914 in Tehran by Hājj Mirzā Mohammad Tehrāni (d. 1914–21), a learned sugar merchant and bookseller. The notebook covers a broad range of topics on faith, philosophy, and ethics. It frequently draws on the Qurʾan and the Hadith, as well as Stoic proverbs, mostly from the Meditationes (Meditations) of Marcus Aurelius (r. 161–80), which was well received in nineteenth-century Persian advice literature. The text also includes passages from the Thousand and One Nights and sections on modern sciences, such as electricity, gas laws, and liquid dynamics, and a theory of colors explaining the rainbow. The article’s introductory section provides brief biographical background of the compiler of this notebook, the second section presents an overview of its contents, and the final section explores the question of authorial subjectivity and the author-text relationship by putting in perspective the volume’s gradual compilation, its eclectic range of topics, and its fluid structure. Through its diverse reading and writing strategies, this notebook represents an informative and heuristic venue that opens new analytical angles on Iran’s cosmopolitan, multifaceted, and heterogenous intellectual milieu in the late Qajar period.
Where Was Sarai, the “Capital” of the Jochid Ulus? Some Perspectives for Research on Sarai
Authors: Nagamine Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Regarding Sarai – the “capital” of the Jochid ulus (Golden Horde) and the “metropolis of the Qipchaq Steppe” – it is the established theory that Old Sarai was located at the Selitrennoe site, and New Sarai at the Tsarevskoe site, both on the Akhtuba River. However, new theories that disagree with this have emerged: these theories claim that there was only one Sarai, or that Sarai was located at different places. First, I examine these new theories, and show that, indeed, there may have been two Sarais, old and new. Next, I argue the following possibilities: the lower Volga valley between Sarai–Hajji Tarkhan as winter camp and Ukek–Bulgar as summer camp was the “capital region” of the early Jochid ulus; Saraijuq has been discussed as being the khans’ burial grounds (qoruq), however, from archaeological surveys and the “[dynasty] table” (jadwal) in the Paris manuscript of Muntakhab al-Tawārīkh-i Muʿīnī, Sarai (and its suburbs) also assumed that role.
Accelerated transcranial magnetic stimulation for psychological distress in advanced cancer: A phase 2a feasibility and preliminary efficacy clinical trial
Authors: Downar James , Lapenskie Julie , Anderson Koby , Edwards Jodi , Watt Christine , Dionne Michel , Rice Jill , Kabir Monisha , Lawlor Peter , Downar Jonathan 
Published: March 2024

Background: Psychological and existential suffering affects many people with advanced illness, and current therapeutic options have limited effectiveness. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a safe and effective therapy for refractory depression, but no previous study has used rTMS to treat psychological or existential distress in the palliative setting. Aim: To determine whether a 5-day course of “accelerated” rTMS is feasible and can improve psychological and/or existential distress in a palliative care setting. Design: Open-label, single arm, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy study of intermittent theta-burst stimulation to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, 600 pulses/session, 8 sessions/day (once per hour) for 5 days. The outcomes were the rates of recruitment, completion of intervention, and follow-up (Feasibility); and the proportion of participants achieving 50% improvement on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) or Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) 2 weeks post-treatment (Preliminary Efficacy). Setting/participants: Adults admitted to our academic Palliative Care Unit with advanced illness, life expectancy >1 month and psychological distress. Results: Due to COVID-19 pandemic-related interruptions, a total of nine participants were enrolled between August 2021 and April 2023. Two withdrew before starting rTMS, one stopped due to clinical deterioration unrelated to rTMS, and six completed the rTMS treatment. Five of six participants had a >50% improvement in HDRS, HADS-Anxiety, or both between baseline and the 2 week follow up; the sixth died prior to the 2-week follow-up. In this small sample, mean depression scores decreased from baseline to 2 weeks post-treatment (HDRS 18 vs 7, p = 0.03). Side effects of rTMS included transient mild scalp discomfort. Conclusions: Accelerated rTMS improved symptoms of depression, anxiety, or both in this small feasibility and preliminary efficacy study. A larger, sham-controlled study is warranted to determine whether rTMS could be an effective, acceptable, and scalable treatment in the palliative setting. Trial registration: NCT04257227
Specific adverse outcomes associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors use in COVID-19 patients might be potentiated by remdesivir use
Authors: Papic Ivan , Bistrovic Petra , Krecak Ivan , Ortner Hadziabdic Maja , Lucijanic Marko 
Published: March 2024

Background: Due to non-consistent reports in the literature, there are uncertainties about the potential benefits and harms of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Aim: To investigate associations of SSRIs with clinical characteristics and unwanted outcomes among real-life severe and critical COVID-19 patients and their relationship with remdesivir (RDV) use. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated a total of 1558 COVID-19 patients of the white race treated in a tertiary center institution, among them 779 patients treated with RDV and 779 1:1 case-matched patients. Results: A total of 78 (5%) patients were exposed to SSRIs during hospitalization, similarly distributed among patients treated with RDV and matched patients (5.1 and 4.9%). No significant associations of SSRI use with age, sex, comorbidity burden, and COVID-19 severity were present in either of the two cohorts ( p > 0.05 for all analyses). In multivariate analyses adjusted for clinically meaningful variables, SSRI use was significantly associated with higher mortality among RDV (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.0, p = 0.049) and matched patients (aOR 2.22, p = 0.044) and with higher risk for mechanical-ventilation (aOR 2.57, p = 0.006), venous-thromboembolism (aOR 3.69, p = 0.007), and bacteremia (aOR 2.22, p = 0.049) among RDV treated patients. Conclusions: Adverse outcomes associated with SSRI use in COVID-19 patients might be potentiated by RDV use, and clinically significant interactions between these two drug classes might exist. Although our findings raise important considerations for clinical practice, they are limited by retrospective nature of the study, lack of ethnic diversity, and the potential for unmeasured confounding factors. Future studies exploring underlying biological mechanisms are needed.
SARS CoV-2 Antibodies in Cord Blood of Neonates Delivered to Pregnant Mothers Vaccinated for COVID-19
Authors: Tank Priyanka , Chawla Suraj , Tank Rakesh , Dhingra Arti , Sangwan Jyoti 
Published: March 2024

Background The recent novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) pandemic has been responsible for millions of deaths globally. Several vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been developed. Objective To estimate the proportion of newborns who acquire IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from mothers vaccinated against COVID-19. Methods Eligible study subjects seeking care in the Obstetrics & Gynecology department for delivery were recruited in this cross-sectional analytic study. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study subjects were noted and around 3–5 mL venous blood was collected from each study participant duo (mother and newborn) to detect IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV2 “S” protein. Results Over the entire study period, 125 pregnant ladies who were vaccinated with two doses of any COVID-19 vaccine were included in the study. A sizeable proportion (44.0%) of vaccinated pregnant women were seropositive for IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV2 “S” protein. A significantly high number of seropositive newborns (82.8%) were delivered to seropositive mothers as compared to seronegative mothers (OR 41.1; 95% confidence interval 14.6–116.1, p < .0001). Conclusions The present study reveals that a substantial proportion of newborns acquired SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from their vaccinated seropositive mothers through transplacental transfer.
Usefulness of Schirmer's tear strips and borosilicate glass tubes in chemical analysis of human tear fluid: A practical check in VEGF detection
Authors: Pieczyński Janusz , Kiewisz Jolanta 
Published: March 2024

Introduction Human tears contain a number of agents which may play an important role in diagnosing local eye disorders as well as systemic diseases. The small amount of fluid obtained during the collection and the consequent difficulty in analysing it are the main problems encountered in the diagnostic process. Aim We decided to investigate the practical usefulness of two simple methods of collecting tear fluid for chemical analysis, i.e., glass tubes and Schirmer's strips. The substance analyzed was vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a compound commonly recognized in ophthalmology. Methods We used standard Schirmer's tear test and calibrated glass tubes for tear fluid collection in healthy volunteers. The standard ELISA assay was used to check the effectiveness of the tear sampling by estimating the VEGF level. Results The results of the study show that Schirmer's tear strip test is a more effective tool of the two. Moreover, using Schirmer's strips to obtain tear fluid was found to be more patient friendly and amounts of the tear fluid collected with that test were enough and better for the VEGF detection. Conclusions Our study indicates that the widely used Schirmer tear test may be the best method of tear collection for chemical analysis. However, further studies on test calibration are needed.
Awake craniotomies in South America: Advancements, challenges, and future prospects
Authors: Bharadwaj Hareesha R. , Awuah Wireko A. , Adebusoye Favour T. , Tan Joecelyn K. , Ali Syed H. , Pacheco-Barrios Niels , Papadakis Marios 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Awake craniotomy has emerged as an advanced surgical technique, characterized by keeping the patient awake during brain surgery. In South America, awake craniotomies have grained traction in neurosurgical practices across various medical centres and hospitals, with notable practitioners contributing to its growth and refinement in the region. PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the integration and impact of awake craniotomies in South American neurosurgical practices. The focus is on understanding the benefits, challenges, and potential transformative effects of the procedure in the region. RESEARCH DESIGN: A comprehensive narrative review and analysis through a thorough examination of the existing literature. RESULTS: The findings indicate that awake craniotomies in South America offer substantial benefits, including cost savings thorugh reduced hospitalization time, quicker recovery and decreased morbidity. Enhanced safety, effective pain management and reduced anaesthesia also contribute to this. CONCLUSION: Whilst the adaptation of awake craniotomies in South America holds great promise in transforming neurosurgical care in the region, significant challenges hinder its widespread adoption. Inadequate infrastructure, limited access to equipment, financial instability, and shortages in trained healthcare providers represent challenges that need to be addressed.
Serum neurofilament light for detecting disease activity in individual patients in multiple sclerosis: A 48-week prospective single-center study
Authors: Johnsson M , Stenberg YT , Farman HH , Blennow K , Zetterberg H , Malmeström C , Sandgren S , Rosenstein I , Lycke J , Axelsson M , Novakova L 
Published: March 2024

Background: Serum neurofilament light (sNfL) reflects neuroaxonal damage and is now used as an outcome in treatment trials of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). However, the diagnostic properties of sNfL for monitoring disease activity in individual patients warrant further investigations. Method: Patients with suspected relapse and/or contrast-enhancing lesions (CELs) were consecutively included and performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain at baseline and weeks 28 and 48. Serum was obtained at baseline and 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 weeks. Neurofilament light concentration was measured using Single molecule array technology. Results: We included 44 patients, 40 with RRMS and 4 with clinically isolated syndrome. The median sNfL level peaked at 2 weeks post-baseline (14.6 ng/L, interquartile range (IQR); 9.3–31.6) and reached nadir at 48 weeks (9.1 ng/L, IQR; 5.5–15.0), equivalent to the median sNfL of controls (9.1 ng/L, IQR; 7.4–12). A baseline Z-score of more than 1.1 (area under the curve; 0.78, p < 0.0001) had a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 70% to detect disease activity. Conclusion: One out of five patients with relapse and/or CELs did not change significantly in post-baseline sNfL levels. The utility of repeated sNfL measurements to monitor disease activity is complementary rather than a substitute for clinical and MRI measures.
What might an interactive music therapy service bring to the adult intensive care unit? A suggested service based on data from a scoping review
Authors: Street Alex , Jaschke Artur C 
Published: March 2024

Individual music listening in intensive care units (ICU) has more frequently reported benefits for reducing anxiety and pain. There may be benefits in reducing heart rate and respiratory rate. There is a lack of research in the ICU setting that examines the effects of active music-based interventions, for example, where patients play instruments as part of structured exercises for cognitive or physical rehabilitation or improvise music with a Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) registered Music Therapist in ways that may benefit emotional well-being in addition to physical and cognitive function, including management of deconditioning. The search string of the present scoping review was used on 25 January 2022 and then again for PubMed on 24 June 2023 and brought up any research using music or music therapy in the intensive care setting. Out of 139 titles, 45 full texts were included, with a total of 3,441 participants. Forty-three studies meeting the inclusion criteria used pre-recorded music, ranging from cassette to CDs, audio files, and MP3, most often delivered using headphones, some with audio pillows. All interventions were passive (listening) except for one, which delivered music played live. More research is needed into the workings of active and receptive music therapy in the adult ICU.
Long-term care use, hospitalizations and mortality during COVID-19 in Finland and Sweden: A nationwide register-based study in 2020
Authors: Blotière Pierre-Olivier , Maura Géric , Raitanen Jani , Pulkki Jutta , Forma Leena , Johnell Kristina , Aaltonen Mari , Wastesson Jonas W. 
Published: March 2024

Aim: To describe long-term care (LTC) use in Finland and Sweden in 2020, by reporting residential entry and exit patterns including hospital admissions and mortality, compared with the 2018–2019 period and community-living individuals. Methods: From national registers in Finland and Sweden, all individuals 70+ were included. Using the Finnish and Swedish study populations in January 2018 as the standard population, we reported changes in sex- and age-standardized monthly rates of entry into and exit from LTC facilities, mortality and hospital admission among LTC residents and community-living individuals in 2020. Results: Around 850,000 Finns and 1.4 million Swedes 70+ were included. LTC use decreased in both countries from 2018 to 2020. In the first wave (March/April 2020), Finland experienced a decrease in LTC entry rates and an increase in LTC exit rates, both more marked than Sweden. This was largely due to short-term movements. Mortality rates peaked in April and December 2020 for LTC residents in Finland, while mortality peaked for both community-living individuals and LTC residents in Sweden. A decrease in hospital admissions from LTC facilities occurred in April 2020 and was less marked in Finland versus Sweden. Conclusions: During the first wave of the pandemic mortality was consistently higher in Sweden. We also found a larger decrease in LTC use and, among LTC residents, a smaller decrease in hospital admissions in Finland than in Sweden. This study calls for assessing the health consequences of the differences observed between these two Scandinavian countries as part of the lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Trauma-informed care for women who are forced migrants: a qualitative study among service providers
Authors: Jolof Linda , Rocca Patricia , Carlsson Tommy 
Published: March 2024

Aims: The aim was to explore service providers’ perspectives on trauma-informed care for women who are forced migrants. Methods: Service providers ( n=32) employed at one of six centres providing trauma-informed care for forced migrants were recruited by way of managers. Audio-recorded and transcribed semi-structured focus group discussions were analysed with systematic text condensation. Results: The analysis revealed exposure to gender-based violence and abuse within patriarchal structures as the main challenges for women. Participants recognised remarkable strength and resilience among women. A range of structural, psychosocial and individual barriers to trauma-informed care were addressed. While trauma-informed care was considered to have the potential to improve the health for many women, participants articulated room for improvement in the competence of service providers and the conditions impacting women’s opportunities to access support. Conclusions: Violence, abuse and oppression against forced migrant women severely impact their health and possibilities of accessing support. Services providing trauma-informed care for forced migrants need to empower women, and carefully consider gender-related aspects impacting women’s opportunities to access and utilise trauma-informed care. To ensure that women who need support access it, trauma-informed services should work with outreach efforts, ensure competence development among providers, counteract practical barriers and coordinate with health and social services.
Enhancement of the rheological, dynamic mechanical, and morphological properties of thermoplastic natural rubber based on NR/PP blends using ENR/PP-g-MA as a compatibilizer
Authors: Belhaoues Abderrahmane , Riahi Farid , Marcos-Fernández Ángel Antonio 
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the effects of incorporating a 50/50 blend of Epoxidized Natural Rubber/Polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride (ENR/PP-g-MA) as a compatibilizing agent (CA) for a 70/30 Natural Rubber/Polypropylene (NR/PP) thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) on the technical properties such as structural analysis, rheological, dynamic mechanical and morphological properties. Formulations with varying CA concentrations (5 to 15 phr) were prepared using a Brabender plasticorder at 180°C for 10 min. The structural analysis was examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The rheological behavior was examined using a Rubber Process Analyser (RPA). The dynamic mechanical properties were investigated by DMA. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used for the morphological examination. FTIR analysis confirmed reactions between the MA group in PP-g-MA and the epoxy groups in ENR, resulting in ENR-grafted PP with an ester and acid-based linkage. This reaction was evident during compatibilizer preparation. RPA results showed increased viscosity for both types of CAs compared to their individual values, confirming crosslinking reactions. Higher CA concentrations led to elevated viscosity and storage modulus. DMA results indicated that the compatibilization led to a significant enhancement in the storage modulus of the blends. Moreover, an increase in the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the blends was produced. AFM examination revealed a more homogenous distribution of the dispersed PP phase for the CA-containing blends compared to the control NR/PP system.