bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yellow barley xan-m mutants are deficient in the motor unit SECA1 of the SEC1 translocase system
Authors: Stuart David , Ivanova Anastasiia , Zakhrabekova Shakhira , Hansson Mats 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Main conclusion
Chloroplast protein transport depends on the SEC1 translocase. Barley xan-m mutants, deficient in SECA1, lack chlorophyll and die as seedlings. Their yellow phenotype indicates that carotenoid chemistry is less SEC1-dependent.
Chloroplast proteins encoded by genes located in the cell nucleus need to be transported across up to three chloroplast membranes to find its correct location. SEC1 is one of the major translocase systems. In plants, SEC1 consists of three proteins (SECA1, SECY1 and SECE1) and transports substrate proteins over the thylakoid membrane. SECA1 is an ATPase that delivers the substrate protein to the SECY1–SECE1 channel. In the present study, we analyzed five allelic barley xan-m mutants, which had been isolated between 1925 and 1957. The mutants belong to a larger collection of barley mutants deficient in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. Mutations in the xan-m gene are recessive and result in a yellow phenotype due to lack of chlorophyll and presence of carotenoids. Mutant seedlings die after approximately 10 days. We identified the defective gene in the xan-m mutants by a variant of bulk segregant analysis. The gene xan-m is an orthologue of SECA1 in Arabidopsis. Previously, only genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis have been identified in the collection of barley xan mutants. The yellow phenotype of the mutants demonstrates that proteins responsible for carotenoid biosynthesis and storage are not or less dependent on an intact SEC1 translocase.
Main bearing response in a waked 15-MW floating wind turbine in below-rated conditions
Authors: Krathe Veronica Liverud , Thedin Regis , Jonkman Jason M. , Nejad Amir R. , Bachynski-Polić Erin E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Increased wind turbine size raises unknowns related to structural flexibility. Moreover, moving to deeper waters, component reliability becomes more critical. This work investigates main bearing response dependence on drivetrain flexibility and wake impingement in a two-turbine wind farm. A 15-MW floating direct-drive turbine is considered. Large eddy simulations (LES) are employed to model neutral, stable and unstable atmospheric conditions at below-rated mean wind speed, while the engineering codes OpenFAST and FAST.Farm simulate turbine and wake behavior. Results indicate significant sensitivities in fatigue estimates to lateral distance between the upstream and downstream turbine. The trends are most substantial in stable conditions, where the waked downwind main bearing sees twice the fatigue damage estimates of the upstream turbine for one position and 50% for another. Main bearing fatigue sensitivity to drivetrain flexibility is minor, while properly including generator rotor inertia loads is important for the axial forces of the locating (axially fixed) bearing, especially in stable conditions.
Decoding online brand-related activities: unveiling motivations, experiences, and personality factors in social commerce
Authors: Azad Moghddam Hamed , Ahmadi Hormoz , Barari Mojtaba 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study explores factors shaping consumer online brand-related activities (COBRAs) in social commerce, comprising consumption, contribution, and creation behaviours. Study 1, using netnography, analysed 578,235 comments on 10 social media brand pages, aiming to establish a theoretical framework for understanding consumer motivations and resulting COBRA behaviours. Study 2, a survey involving 574 consumers, identified that extrinsic and intrinsic motives directly influence COBRA behaviours, independently or through web-based experiences, specifically absorption and overall satisfaction. Consumers' personality traits, particularly their perception of social risk, act as boundary constraints. The findings contribute to marketing communications and segmentation and provide insights for social commerce content marketing and brand management.
The Curious Incident of Crick in the Night-Time and Other Asilomar Enigmas
Authors: Cobb Matthew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In 1971, Paul Berg asked Francis Crick about his views on a controversial proposed experiment involving recombinant DNA; to Berg’s surprise, Crick had no comment to make. This article first describes the multiple reasons why Crick did not respond to Berg, including psychological factors that affected Crick at the time, the limits of his unstated reflexively positivist approach to social issues, and his reluctance to pursue social or political issues when challenged. Crick’s lack of involvement in discussions about recombinant DNA, including in the Asilomar process, is then used to explore two other notable absences from Asilomar: the immunologist Niels Jerne, who was invited to be on the organizing committee but was not involved for reasons that are unclear; and molecular biologist and biological weapons campaigner Matthew Meselson, whose presence would have added a layer of understanding to the discussions, particularly regarding the threat of bioweapons. These enigmatic absences raise questions about the representativeness of Asilomar and suggest future investigations as to how the legacy of Asilomar was shaped both by those who were present–and by those who were not.
Food quality influencing growth and survival rates of juvenile freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera)-Compensation for growth limitation due to low water temperatures?
Authors: Grunicke Felix , Hose Thea , von Einem Thomas , Wagner Annekatrin , von Elert Eric , Berendonk Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Human impacts have led to dramatic declines of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (FPM) and to a shift of its main distribution areas to more undisturbed but colder headwaters. In this study, we investigated whether feeding on high-quality food (i.e. food rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) can compensate for growth limitations due to low water temperatures and whether food quality influences the survival rate of juvenile FPM. Therefore, we conducted feeding experiments with juvenile FPM at three different temperatures (11, 15 and 19°C) and with three different food sources. Afterwards, mussels were reared in cages in a stream to analyse survival during the first winter. Our results showed that food quality can compensate to some extent for growth limitations due to low water temperatures, but sufficiently high growth rates of juvenile FPM can only be achieved by the availability of high-quality food in warmer (> 15°C) environments. The availability of high-quality food during the main growing season also improves the survival of FPM over the first winter. Consequently, restoration efforts must aim to restore habitats in the historical main distribution areas of FPM and to create habitat conditions that allow the development of high-quality food.
Recent advances in freshwater zooplankton in a conservation hotspot: Türkiye case
Authors: Akyıldız Gürçay Kıvanç , Altındağ Ahmet , Tavşanoğlu Ülkü Nihan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are vital for providing essential services such as water supply and food production. However, increasing human demands have led to significant environmental degradation in these ecosystems. Türkiye, recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot, faces numerous threats from altered flow regimes, land-use changes, pollution, and invasive species. Despite these challenges, Türkiye’s diverse environments support a rich assemblage of zooplankton, with over 662 identified taxa spanning rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of zooplankton research at both global and national (Türkiye) levels to understand research trends, identify knowledge gaps, and highlight key areas of focus. Globally, stress factors and climate change dominate the research agenda, whereas, in Türkiye, topics such as abundance, diversity, water quality, and bioindicators have gained attention, albeit with relatively low frequency. Since 2013, these themes have shaped the direction of Turkish zooplankton research. The findings of this study emphasize the need for targeted research to better understand the impacts of environmental stressors on zooplankton communities in Türkiye, while also contributing to the global discourse on ecosystem functionality. By using zooplankton as key biotic indicators, this research offers insights into ecosystem health, providing critical information for future conservation and management efforts.
Bioethics as a language game: probing the quality of moral guidance in principlism
Authors: Vest Matthew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This essay asks what quality of moral guidance is offered via the language of principlism, the lingua franca of bioethics. In particular, I suggest three approaches to principlist language via Kant, Rawls, and Wittgenstein. A ‘top down’ Kantian view of language would seem to offer ‘pure’ or ‘crystalline’ moral guidance as autonomy, beneficence, non–maleficence, and justice function as linguistic links to draw us towards universal values up or out there to engage. While drawing upon Rawls, Beauchamp and Childress differ importantly by citing a universal morality grounded in reflective equilibrium amongst citizens. Principlism, hence, possesses a democratic form where the common morality depends upon a historically consistent majority position; what is ‘universal’ arises from political ‘bottom up’ discourses and processes. Wittgenstein, however, offers a notably different view of language that embraces the mystical and aesthetic realities of ‘the ethical’ while also affirming the grounding of language in everyday contexts. Not unlike the Stoics, language for Wittgenstein is ascetic in that it is a practice, a formative exercise that reveals the humility of language as an immanent ‘game’ that should nevertheless inspire one towards ‘the ethical.’
Comparative study of ground-based and satellite observations of Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations during solar cycle 23
Authors: Nasurudiin Sebwato , Yoshikawa Akimasa , Elsaid Ahmed , Pappoe Justice Allotey , Mahrous Ayman 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations (PGPs) are ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves within the 1–7 mHz frequency band observed both in space and on the ground. PGPs offer versatile methods for studying the interaction between the magnetosphere and ionosphere in space. This study presents a comparative analysis of Pc5 pulsations observed in space and on the ground. The dataset used is the magnetic field-aligned readings obtained from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-10 (GOES-10) and ground-based magnetometer stations from the Svalbard network located in the auroral zone during solar cycle 23. Using the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method, we transformed the magnetic field time series from GOES-10 into the mean field-aligned coordinate system. PGPs were extracted from the toroidal component using a bandpass Butterworth filter. In addition, Pc5 waves were extracted from the Bx component of the ground magnetometer stations to enable effective comparison. Before conducting the comparative analysis, Pc5 events on the ground and in space were denoised using the heuristic Stein Unbiased Risk Estimate (SURE) approach with soft thresholding. Consequently, a good coherence between events from space and on the ground was observed, indicating the possibility of the same generation source. However, space-borne Pc5 events have a smaller average amplitude of 12 nT compared to Pc5 events observed on the ground, having an average amplitude of 139 nT. We attributed this difference in amplitude to the transformative mechanisms during the wave's propagation to the ground. The average percentage of occurrence of Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations observed in space was found to be 74%, and that on the ground was 92%. The percentage difference was found to be due to the spatial distribution of these waves. The integrity of the retrieved events was demonstrated by the strong correlation between the Kp index and events extracted from the ground magnetometer stations. Our results contribute significantly to the understanding of Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations within the space weather community. These findings will aid in developing forecasting and predictive models, enabling more effective studies of these waves and helping to mitigate their potential impacts on human activities and infrastructure.
Gender integration in seismic risk assessment: towards equitable resilience in Colombia
Authors: Zapata-Franco A. M. , Vargas-Alzate Y. F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Research on women’s exposure to natural hazards has shown that gender inequalities increase their risk. It has been a topic of discussion for many years, but in-depth research on the subject has been scarce and, although researchers in the field recognise that there is an equity problem, few have been able to quantify the magnitude and trend of the problem. In developing countries, for example, people living below the poverty line are the most exposed to natural hazards; 70% of the world population living in this condition are women. Moreover, many of them are responsible for household chores and raising children, which requires them to stay indoor for large periods of time, increasing their risk of being harmed in catastrophic events. This is exacerbated by the fact that their houses are not generally built with the minimum requirements to withstand natural hazards. This article seeks to integrate a series of well-known methods into a probabilistic framework to assess the consequences of gender inequalities in seismic events in Colombia. Based on the outcomes of probabilistic surrogate models that consider the average response of single-degree-of-freedom systems, fragility functions have been derived through the use of cloud analysis for two structural typologies: Unreinforced Mid-Rise Masonry and Confined Masonry. The former can be considered a highly vulnerable system, while the latter has a higher performance against seismic actions. The objective has been to assess the influence of potential retrofitting measures on the expected risk. Finally, the Hazus 99 methodology has been adapted to estimate the number of people affected, disaggregated by gender. The projections show that, in the event of an earthquake in Colombia, women are more likely to be adversely affected than men. Protective measures aimed at increasing the resilience of the entire community have proven effective in mitigating the imbalance in seismic risk.
Plasticity Bridges Microscale Martensitic Shear Bands in Superelastic Nitinol
Authors: Christison A. , Paranjape H. M. , Daly S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Superelastic shape memory alloys (SMAs) such as nickel-titanium, also known as Nitinol, recover large deformations via a reversible, stress-induced martensitic transformation.

Objective
Partitioning the deformation into the contributions from superelasticity and plasticity and quantifying the interaction between these mechanisms is key to modeling their fatigue behavior.

Methods
We capture these microscopic interactions across many grains using a combination of scanning electron microscopy digital image correlation (SEM-DIC) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Modeling our data as a statistical distribution, we employ a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) soft clustering framework to understand how these mechanisms interact and evolve as a function of global strain.

Results
Our findings show that, under globally-applied uniaxial tensile loading, plasticity bridges deformation in regions where competing positive and negative martensitic shear bands intersect. Early stage transformation-induced plasticity is concentrated at these intersections and forms concurrently with the Lüders-like martensitic transformation front, often appearing with a zig-zag pattern that is linked to compound twinning at the martensite-martensite interface. At higher strains, austenite slip is activated as a second mechanism of plastic deformation.

Conclusions
We propose that this plastic bridging mechanism underpins the prestrain effects previously reported in the literature, where higher prestrains can enhance the fatigue strength of superelastic materials within a given loading mode.
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) biotechnology research in South Africa
Authors: Snyman Sandra J. , Koch Aimee C. , Jacob Robyn M. , Joshi Shailesh V. , McFarlane Sharon A. , van der Vyver Christell , Rutherford R. Stuart 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Commercial sugarcane, Saccharum spp. hybrids, arose from interspecific crossing in the late 1890s and the resultant complex polyploid genome has challenged conventional breeding approaches. The grower- and miller-funded South African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI) has a 100-yr history which began by breeding for local agroclimatic regions. Biotechnology for cultivar improvement was introduced in the early 1990s. Collaborations with local research institutes and the International Consortium for Sugarcane Biotechnology (ICSB) have enabled advances such as the genome sequence being published this year, signifying a real opportunity to implement bioinformatic and marker techniques for targeted cultivar enhancement. This review focuses on biotechnology-related interventions that have supported sugarcane research and resulted in SASRI-bred N cultivars being widely grown in many sub-Saharan African sugarcane-growing countries.
Investigation of life satisfaction and spiritual well-being of living liver donors in Turkey
Authors: Gunes Hüseyin , Bulbuloglu Semra , Saritas Serdar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Spiritual well-being may be among the most common feelings felt by living liver donors. The feeling that pushes an individual to good behavior may be spiritual well-being, and the feeling that emerges as a result of achieving goodness may be life satisfaction. In our study, we aimed to analyze the spiritual well-being and life satisfaction of living liver donors and to examine the relationship, if any, between spiritual well-being and life satisfaction. Our descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 306 living liver donors (n = 306). In the data collection process, we used a personal information form, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. In data analysis, we utilized descriptive statistical methods, one-way analysis of variance. Of all living liver donors participating in this study, 37.3% were aged 41–50 years, 73.5% were female, and 53.9% donated their liver to their spouse or child. The predictor variable of spiritual well-being was found to account for approximately 29% of the total variance in the predicted variable of life satisfaction. There was a positive and strong correlation between spiritual well-being and life satisfaction of living liver donors (p < 0.05). Spiritual well-being and life satisfaction of living liver donors are positively affected by each other. In order to provide more psychosocial support to these heroes who disregard their own health and try to save others’ lives, it is best practice to support their spiritual well-being, increase their life satisfaction and develop awareness about these two values. No Level Assigned. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/0026.
Slow-pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge: biochar characteristics and advanced thermodynamics
Authors: Vali Naeimeh , Zabihi Samyar , Shamim Shahin , Mohsenzadeh Abas , Pettersson Anita 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Municipal sewage sludge (MSS) contains significant amounts of trace elements including zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead. This study investigated the behavior of these trace elements in municipal sewage sludge biochar during the pyrolysis of both anaerobically digested and undigested sludge at temperatures ranging from 500 °C to 900 °C using a rotary pyrolyzer. Microwave plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (MP-AES) was used to measure the concentrations of trace elements in the biochars. Additional analyses included Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis to determine the activation energies, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis coupled with scanning electron microscopy to assess the porosity, specific surface area, and morphology at different temperatures. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations (TECs) were utilized to understand the speciation of trace elements under varying thermal conditions. The results demonstrated that as the pyrolysis temperature increased, both the undigested and digested biochars exhibited higher surface areas and total porosity volumes, along with a decrease in the average pore size. The digested biochar showed a higher surface area and pore volume at 500 °C than the undigested biochar. However, both types processed at 900 °C had similar average pore diameters of approximately 7.5 nm, according to BET analysis. All biochars had H/C ratios below and around 0.2, indicating strong degradation resistance. TECs results indicated that, at 500 °C, the thermal volatility sequence of the trace elements was established as Cr < Ni < Cu < Mn < Zn < Pb < Cd. Consequently, higher temperatures led to reduced concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in all biochars while Cr, Ni, and Cu were largely retained in the biochar. Phosphorous (P) was enriched in the biochars at all temperatures for both MSS, however anaerobically digested MSS biochar exhibiting higher concentration of nutrient such as P, higher porosity and a finer pore structure compared to undigested one. Biochar yield decreases as pyrolysis temperature rises (500–900 °C) for both digested (BSS) and undigested (LSS) sludge, with BSS consistently yielding more than LSS.

Graphical Abstract
Quadrotor-Based Aerial Manipulator Robotics
Authors: Sumathy Vidya , Ghose Debasish 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Aerial manipulators are being increasingly used in many applications. This paper surveys several quadrotor-based aerial manipulators (QAM) that have been designed and reported in the literature. After a brief review of the history of the developments in aerial manipulator systems, it presents the main components of the QAM system and the various challenges faced by designers in terms of controller design, the various methods used and some actual control system implementations. Finally, the paper presents a complete design and hardware field experiment of an in-house-designed QAM system.