bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endocrine pathogenesis of postweaning anestrus in swine: Response of the persistently anestrous sow to hormonal stimuli
Authors: Dial G. D. , BeVier G. W. , Hixon J. E. , Gustafsson B. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The endocrine function of the individual components of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian axis of the postweaning anestrous sow was evaluated by monitoring the sow's response to exogenous estradiol, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), and gonadotropins. Sows (4 to 6/group) not returning to estrus by 42.8 ± 3.1 days after weaning were assigned to 1 of the following treatments; 10 μg of estradiol benzoate (eb)/kg of body weight; 200 μg of GnRH, 1,000 IU of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (pmsg); 1,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg); or 4 ml of saline solution plus 2 ml of corn oil. A preovulatory-like surge of luteinizing hormone [(lh) > 12 hours in duration] was observed in all weaned sows treated with eb. All eb-treated sows exhibited estrus and ovulated but none conceived. Sows given GnRH had transiently increased (< 3 hours) lh concentrations that were not associated with estrus or ovulation. Treatment with pmsg caused an increase in peripheral concentrations of 17β-estradiol that was followed by an lh surge, estrus, ovulation, and conception. Treatment with hcg caused an increase in circulating concentrations of 17β-estradiol that was accompanied by a surge of lh in some sows and ovulation in all sows. Not all sows treated with hcg exhibited estrous behavior, but conception occurred in 2 of 3 sows that were mated at estrus. None of the sows treated with saline plus corn oil had consistent changes in circulatory concentrations of 17β-estradiol or lh and none exhibited estrus or ovulated. Seemingly, the components of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian axis were functional in the persistently anestrous sow. In addition, pmsg appeared to be the only hormone effective in inducing a fertile estrus.
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis for identification of equine urine
Authors: Edwards Karen E. , Stevens Suzanne , Woodward Clifford B. , Tweeten Kathleen A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis was evaluated as a method to distinguish urine of human origin from that of equine origin. The procedure used anti-equine serum and anti-human serum antibodies that had been solid-phase absorbed to eliminate species cross-reactivity. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis reliably detected contamination of equine urine by human urine to a level of 10% with a minimum sensitivity to about 2% contamination. Compared with double diffusion, counterimmunoelectrophoresis was approximately 10 to 15 times more sensitive in the detection of urine proteins.
Moraxella bovis hemolysin
Authors: Ostle A. G. , Rosenbusch R. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Moraxella bovis hemolysin was readily filterable through polycarbonate membrane filters, but not through nitrocellulose filters. The hemolysin was filterable through polycarbonate filters with pore diameters of ≥ 0.015 μm (apd). Of the hemolytic activity of cell-free filtrates, 74% could be pelleted by ultracentrifugation at 100,000 × g for 2½ hours. Hemolytic activity could be demonstrated in preparations of outer membrane fragments isolated from log-phase cultures. Hemolysin in M bovis broth cultures reached a maximum concentration in late logarithmic phase (4.5 hours after inoculation) and declined thereafter. Hemolysin was inactivated by heat, trypsin, formalin, and lyophilization.
In utero infection of swine fetuses with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (bovine herpesvirus-1)
Authors: Joo H. S. , Dee S. A. , Molitor T. W. , Thacker B. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The pathogenesis of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus (bovine herpesvirus-1) was studied in porcine fetuses after in utero inoculation. Laparotomies were performed on 8 seronegative pregnant sows at 34 to 86 days of gestation, and all fetuses in 1 uterine horn of each sow were exposed to ibr virus via inoculation into the amniotic sacs. Fetuses in the other horn served as controls. Clinical signs of infection were not observed in the sows, except for 2 sows that aborted at postinoculation days (pid) 11 and 15. Fetuses of the remaining 6 sows were collected at slaughter on pid 15 to 28. Fetuses were examined for gross abnormalities, presence of ibr virus in tissues, and the formation of neutralizing antibodies to ibr virus.
Of 33 inoculated fetuses from 6 sows, 10 were mummified, 11 were hemorrhagic and/or edematous, and 12 were alive. Necrotic lesions were observed on the skin and in the liver of dead and live fetuses. Virus was recovered from 29 of 33 inoculated fetuses. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus was isolated from fetal skin, liver, lungs, kidney, spleen, stomach contents, brain, amniotic fluid, and placenta. Virus was isolated from 4 of 11 fetuses recovered from 1 aborting sow. Antibodies to ibr virus were not detected in sera from the sows. However, antibodies were detected in 6 of 15 fetuses inoculated at 63 to 86 days of gestation and collected at slaughter at 86 to 112 days of gestation. The youngest fetus with detectable ibr antibody was estimated to be 74 days of gestation by measuring crown-rump length of the fetus.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from Louisiana dogs
Authors: Cox Hollis Utah , Hoskins Johnny D. , Roy Alma F. , Newman Susan S. , Luther D. Gene 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Disk diffusion susceptibility tests were done on 1,178 clinical strains of coagulase-positive staphylococci (cps) isolated from dogs during a 7-year period. Relative decreases of 7% to 33% were found in the percentages of cps sensitive to 8 antimicrobics. Relative percentages of cps sensitive to 9 other antimicrobics were increased or decreased < 5%. Sensitivity to the β-lactam antibiotics showed the least relative change. Regression analysis demonstrated that the greatest change in percentage sensitivity of cps occurred to gentamicin and cephalothin and the least change occurred to penicillin and ampicillin.
Recent canine clinical isolates of cps, specifically identified as Staphylococcus intermedius (n = 109), were uniformly sensitive to novobiocin, amikacin, tobramycin, spectinomycin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Twenty-two isolates were also sensitive to 17 other antimicrobics, Eighty-seven isolates were resistant to 1 or more antimicrobics tested. Resistance was most common to sulfonamides, penicillin G, ampicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin. Differences in susceptibility results between S intermedius and unspecified cps were not statistically significant.
Injection of iron in newborn beef calves: Erythrocyte variables and weight gains with newborn-dam correlations
Authors: Reece William O. , Self H. L. , Hotchkiss Donald K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Iron injection in beef calves during the 1st week after birth increased their pcv, hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, mean corpuscular volumes (mcv), and mean corpuscular Hb (mch). These increases persisted between weeks 2 and 12. The rbc count during the 1st week after birth had a positive correlation with the pcv and Hb concentrations and a negative correlation with the mcv and mch. There was a positive correlation between the serum iron concentration of the dams and their mcv and mean corpuscular Hb concentration. There was also a positive correlation between the mcv and mch of the dam and their calf's mch. Seemingly, iron injection did not affect weight gain during the first 18 weeks of life.
An apparatus for quantitative collection of urine from male cattle, sheep, and swine
Authors: Paulson Gaylord D. , Cottrell Daniel J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An apparatus for quantitative collection of urine from male cattle, sheep, and swine was designed. The apparatus was constructed of elastic, waterproof cloth, fabric fastener, and a waterproof bag. The apparatus was lightweight, easily installed on the animal, resulted in no apparent discomfort to the animal, and could be used for extended collection periods.
Cystometry in dogs under oxymorphone and acepromazine restraint
Authors: Barsanti J. A. , Mahaffey M. B. , Crowell W. A. , Barber D. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cystometry was performed in 12 dogs under oxymorphone and acepromazine restraint. A detrusor reflex occurred in 10 of 12 dogs (83%). Mean threshold pressure and volume were 31 cm H2O and 22 ml/kg, respectively. Tonus limb II varied inversely with threshold volume. Threshold volume varied directly with body weight; threshold pressure was independent of body weight.
Feline malignant lymphoma: Log-linear multiway frequency analysis of a population involving the factors of sex and age of animal and tumor cell type and location
Authors: Slayter M. V. , Farver T. B. , Schneider R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A method appropriate for the analysis of multiway frequency tables is described. This multivariate approach was used to evaluate the relationship between age, sex, cell type, and tumor location based on information available from 1,733 cases of feline malignant lymphoma. The analysis identified 6 bivariate relationships to be statistically significant, P < 0.001; there were no significant higher order interactions observed. Emphasis was placed on 3 interactions; age to tumor location, age to sex, and tumor location to cell types.
Feline giardiasis: Observations on natural and induced infections
Authors: Kirkpatrick Carl E. , Farrell Jay P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The excretion of Giardia sp cysts in the feces of naturally and artificially infected cats fluctuated sporadically, and cysts were undetectable several times during 7 weeks of observation. The mean prepatent period for Giardia infection in 7 cats was 9.6 days (range, 5 to 16 days). The amount of the cyst inoculum did not appear to affect the length of the prepatent period.
Six of 11 cats had clinical signs consistent with those of giardiasis. Clinical signs and cyst excretion were eliminated after treatment with metronidazole or furazolidone. Moderate oral or parenteral doses of corticosteroids produced little, if any, alteration in the infection.
Postmortem examination of 1 inoculated cat revealed Giardia trophozoites in the jejunum and upper portion of the ileum but not in the duodenum, lower portion of the ileum, cecum, or colon.
Giardia cysts isolated from cat feces produced infection in Mongolian gerbils but not in C57BL/6J mice.
Serum and colostrum antibody to Pasteurella species in dairy cattle
Authors: Gresham C. N. , Confer A.W. , Bush L. J. , Rummage J. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A survey of antibody to Pasteurella haemolytica and P multocida, using a fluorometric immunoassay, was conducted on sera collected from 264 dairy cattle from 3 herds. Serum antibody titers to P haemolytica were 0 to 270 with low titers (< 25) seen in 48.1% of the cows and heifers. Serum antibody titers to P multocida were 0 to 380 and the frequency of distribution of these titers were more even than for P haemolytica. Mean serum antibody titers to P haemolytica were significantly (P < 0.005) higher in cattle from an open dairy herd when compared with those from 2 closed herds.
Antibody titers to these organisms was determined in 7 colostrum samples. Pasteurella haemolytica antibody titers varied, depending on the whey separation technique used. Passive transfer of colostrum-derived antibody in 5 neonatal calves resulted in a maximum mean serum antibody titer at 20 hours after birth for P haemolytica and at 8 hours after birth for P multocida. Serum titers were higher overall for P multocida than for P haemolytica. Serum titers for P haemolytica declined rapidly. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in antibody to P multocida was observed at 5 days of age.
Rapid detection of canine parvovirus in feces using monoclonal antibodies and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Mildbrand M. M. , Teramoto Y. A. , Collins J. K. , Mathys A. , Winston S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Monoclonal antibodies were used to develop a double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of canine parvovirus (cpv) antigen in fecal samples. The assay was specific for the hemagglutinating protein of cpv and detected as little as 1.5 ng of virus within a 15-minute incubation period. The use of monoclonal antibodies against epitopes on the cpv antigen permitted the simultaneous addition test sample and enzyme-conjugated antibody, thus considerably simplifying the manipulations required for the assay. Results were visually determined without special instrumentation Clinical studies revealed > 95% correlation between enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results and hemagglutination titers.
Effect of bambermycins, in vitro, on plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance
Authors: George Beverly A. , Fagerberg Diane J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The potential of bambermycins (a growth-promoting antimicrobial approved for turkeys, broilers, and swine) to overcome or control plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance was determined in a series of in vitro experiments. Four possible modes of action of bambermycins were studied: synergistic effect with 12 other antimicrobials, elimination of resistance (R) plasmids from Escherichia coli, selective killing or inhibition of E coli carrying R plasmids, and inhibition of R plasmid transfer. Bambermycins had no synergistic activity with the other drugs tested and had little effect on eliminating plasmids from host bacteria. Dependent on plasmid type, bambermycins decreased or increased transfer frequency of R plasmids. Bambermycins also selectively inhibited growth of bacteria harboring certain R plasmids.
Dosage requirement of pancuronium in halothane-anesthetized ponies: A comparison of cumulative and single-dose administration
Authors: Hildebrand S. V. , Howitt G. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cumulative vs single-bolus administration of pancuronium was studied in halothane-anesthetized ponies. Dosage levels were determined by giving small increments (0.01 to 0.04 mg/kg of body weight) until the desired relaxation occurred (0.125 ± 0.038 mg/kg for 90% to 99% reduction of prerelaxant twitch height), then an additional 0.037 ± 0.024 mg/kg for obliteration of twitch response. The dosage level defined by cumulative administration was then administered as a single bolus 2 more times, once on each of 2 days. Dosage requirements for the 2 methods correlated well.
The difference in duration of paralysis caused by doses of different magnitude was compared, 1 dose to produce discernible surgical relaxation (90% to 99% reduction of twitch height) and a larger dose that obliterated discernible twitch height. The larger dose produced a significantly (P < 0.05) longer duration of paralysis until a 10% recovery of prerelaxant twitch height was attained. The recovery phase, defined as the duration from 10% to 75% recovery of prerelaxant twitch tension, was not significantly different in ponies given either dose. Seemingly, after relaxant recovery began, the larger dose did not slow recovery. Duration of maximum paralysis until 10% recovery took 41 ± 16 minutes for the larger dose and 10 ± 5 minutes for the smaller dose. The recovery phase (10% to 75%) took 12 ± 3.2 minutes and 11 ± 4 minutes for the large and smaller doses, respectively.
Biochemical and serologic characterization of Klebsiella strains from bovine mastitis and the environment of the dairy cow
Authors: Nonnecke Brian J. , Newbould F. H. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Klebsiella strains isolated from the cow and its environment were biochemically and serologically characterized and evaluated for their susceptibility to normal bovine serum. Thirty-one different biotypes of Klebsiella were identified among 288 cattle and environmental strains. Of these, 56.2% were indole-positive, a greater percentage than expected for Klebsiella. Biotypes 1/1/1 and 5/ 1/1, most frequently isolated and constituting about 37% of the total isolates, would be considered K pneumoniae by standard biochemical typing procedures. Of 65 cattle and environmental strains studied serologically, 11 serotypes, 14 biotypes, and 29 bioserotypes were identified, indicating the diversity of Klebsiella strains present in the herd. When strains from mastitic milk (n = 19) and the environment (n = 22) were compared, no bioserotype distinction or grouping that related to isolation source was obvious. The predominant bioserotype from both sources was 5/1/1-K35 (21.0% and 22.7% of the strains from mastitic milk and the environment, respectively). The growth inhibition by bovine serum of strains isolated from mastitic milk, the environment, and udder skin was similar. However, strains isolated from the mouth and rectum of the cow were significantly (P < 0.05) more inhibited by serum.
Bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis: Effect of culture age of Pasteurella haemolytica used as a live vaccine
Authors: Confer A. W. , Panciera R. J. , Corstvet R. E. , Rummage J. A. , Fulton R. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five experiments were conducted that compared aerosol immunization of calves with live Pasteurella haemolytica from logarithmic (6 hour) or stationary (20 to 22 hour) phase cultures. Calves were challenge exposed by transthoracic injection with P haemolytica. In 4 experiments, calves inoculated with 6-hour cultures had slightly lower mean lesion scores (indicating greater resistance to challenge exposure) than those inoculated with 20- to 22-hour cultures. High antibody titers, as detected by a quantitative fluorometric immunoassay or the indirect hemagglutination test, correlated directly with lung resistance (based on lesion scores) regardless of the age of the culture used as the immunogen.
The pentobarbital anesthetized dog: An animal model for assessing chemically induced changes in renal function and ultrastructure
Authors: Koechel Daniel A. , Bretz Nancy S. , Sanzenbacher Richard L. , Tarloff Joan B. , Budd G. Colin 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An experimental procedure was devised using the pentobarbital-anesthetized dog that could be used for the comprehensive evaluation of the renal effects of chemicals. After iv or renal arterial administration of 0.9% saline solution (vehicle), 12 renal function determinants were continuously monitored for periods of 2 and 6 hours. At the completion of the 2 or 6 hours of study, the kidneys of a number of dogs (usually between 1 and 7) in each vehicle-treated group were subjected to a modification of the intravascular perfusion-of-fixative technique to evaluate the ultrastructural status of the outer cortical, inner cortical, and outer medullary tissue. The remaining dogs (at least 3) in each vehicle-treated group were given a nonnephrotoxic, but maximally effective, diuretic dose of ethacrynic acid, which enabled an assessment of the functional integrity of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop.
Renal function and glomerular and tubular ultrastructure remained stable in the pentobarbital-anesthetized dog for up to 6 hours after administration of vehicle. Sustained infusion of inulin (included in the procedure to estimate glomerular filtration rate) throughout the duration of the experiments, and pentobarbital anesthesia of various durations did not alter the morphologic status of the canine nephron. The procedure used for the renal perfusion of fixative circumvented any manipulation of the kidneys before fixation and allowed for the acquisition of normal (unaltered) appearing tissue from all areas of the kidneys. The responses of pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs to ethacrynic acid administration were similar when given 2 and 6 hours after the vehicle administration. This latter finding indicated that the functional status of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop had not deteriorated under the conditions of the experiments. Therefore, the canine model cited herein may be used to assess the acute effects of a chemical on renal function and allows for the concurrent evaluation of the morphologic status of the glomerulus and of the entire nephron from the proximal convoluted tubule to the collecting system.
Circulatory and respiratory effects of methoxyflurane in dogs: Comparison of halothane
Authors: Steffey E. P. , Farver T. B. , Woliner M. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Circulatory and respiratory effects of 3 alveolar concentrations (representing 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 times the minimal alveolar concentration, mac) of methoxyflurane in O2 were compared with similar mac multiples of halothane in 02. Eight adult mixed breed dogs that were healthy and nonmedicated were studied in cross-over fashion with both agents during conditions of controlled ventilation (cv; averaged 34 to 38 mm of Hg) and spontaneous ventilation (sv). When ventilation was controlled, methoxyflurane similar to halothane caused dose-related cardiovascular depression. Except for a greater heart rate and lesser stroke volume with methoxyflurane, little difference was noticed between the anesthetics at equivalent doses during cv. There was less dose-related circulatory depression during sv with both agents but particularly with methoxyflurane. During sv, increased progressively with increases in alveolar concentrations of methoxyflurane and halothane. Methoxyflurane caused significantly greater (P < 0.05) hypoventilation than halothane only at 2.0 mac. Except for a greater respiratory gas flow and inspiratory-expiratory gas flow ratio and a lesser inspiratory-expiratory time ratio with methoxyflurane, there was no anesthetic- or dose-response effect on respiratory variables.
Linear regression to determine the relationship between F-wave latency and limb length in control dogs
Authors: Steiss Janet E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Minimal latencies of F waves were determined for the ulnar and sciatictibial nerves in 17 dogs of various breeds, weighing between 8 to 25 kg. A linear regression model was fitted to the data (r = 0.78 and 0.87, respectively), so that latencies could be predicted despite the large variation in limb lengths among different breeds of dogs.
Acute toxoplasmosis in hamsters and mice: Measurement of pathogenicity by fever and weight loss
Authors: Elwell Michael R. , Frenkel J. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Infections with 4 strains of Toxoplasma gondii were studied in mice and hamsters. In mice, infections with strains RH, T-1, and T-45 were always fatal, but strain ts-4 infection was not (ie, the mice survived). In hamsters, the RH strain always gave rise to a fatal infection and the T-1 strain killed about 90% of the hamsters, but as many as 106 tachyzoites of the T-45 and ts-4 strains failed to cause fatal infection. The lesions of the ts-4 infection in hamsters were limited to mononuclear inflammation and a scar at the injection site. Also, only the ts-4 strain did not produce chronic infection in hamsters. To evaluate degrees of pathogenicity of the strains, percentages of mortality, survival time, and such subtle changes as fever and weight loss can be used.
Surgical transplantation of adult Dirofilaria immitis to study heartworm infection and disease in dogs
Authors: Rawlings Clarence A. , McCall John W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Heartworm infections were established in dogs by surgical transplantation of adult heartworms into the external jugular vein. The heartworms were obtained from donor dogs that had been infected with large numbers of infective larvae. This heartworm model standardized the infection with a known number of heartworms of a known age and sex. This paper presents the methods for obtaining heartworms from donor dogs, for selection of recipient dogs, and for transplantation of heartworms.