bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Centromeric Retrotransposons of Rice Are Transcribed and Differentially Processed by RNA Interference
Authors: Neumann Pavel , Yan Huihuang , Jiang Jiming 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Retrotransposons consist of significant portions of many complex eukaryotic genomes and are often enriched in heterochromatin. The centromeric retrotransposon (CR) family in grass species is colonized in the centromeres and highly conserved among species that have been diverged for &gt;50 MY. These unique characteristics have inspired scientists to speculate about the roles of CR elements in organization and function of centromeric chromatin. Here we report that the CRR (CR of rice) elements in rice are highly enriched in chromatin associated with H3K9me2, a hallmark for heterochromatin. CRR elements were transcribed in root, leaf, and panicle tissues, suggesting a constitutive transcription of this retrotransposon family. However, the overall transcription level was low and the CRR transcripts appeared to be derived from relatively few loci. The majority of the CRR transcripts had chimerical structures and contained only partial CRR sequences. We detected small RNAs (smRNAs) cognate to nonautonomous CRR1 (noaCRR1) and CRR1, but not CRR2 elements. This result was also confirmed by in silico analysis of rice smRNA sequences. These results suggest that different CRR subfamilies may play different roles in the RNAi-mediated pathway for formation and maintenance of centromeric heterochromatin.
Suppression of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe
cut12.1 Cell-Cycle Defect by Mutations in cdc25 and Genes Involved in Transcriptional and Translational Control
Authors: Tallada Victor A , Bridge Alan J , Emery Patrick A , Hagan Iain M 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Cdc25 phosphatase primes entry to mitosis by removing the inhibitory phosphate that is transferred to mitosis promoting factor (MPF) by Wee1 related kinases. A positive feedback loop then boosts Cdc25 and represses Wee1 activities to drive full-scale MPF activation and commitment to mitosis. Dominant mutations in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe spindle pole body (SPB) component Cut12 enable cdc25.22 mutants to overcome a G2 arrest at 36° and enter mitosis. The recessive temperature-sensitive cut12.1 mutation results in the formation of monopolar spindles in which the spindle pole marker Sad1 is enriched on the nonfunctional SPB at 36°. We identified mutations at five loci that suppressed the lethality of the recessive cut12.1 mutation at 36° and conferred lethality at 20°. Three of the five mutations led to the formation of monopolar spindles at restrictive temperatures, affected cell size at commitment to mitosis, and generated multiple Sad1 foci at nuclear periphery. The five loci, tfb2.rt1, tfb5.rt5, pla1.rt3, rpl4301.rt4, and rot2.1, and multicopy suppressors, including tfb1+ and dbp10+, are involved in transcription, translation, or RNA processing, prompting us to establish that elevating Cdc25 levels with the dominant cdc25.d1 allele, suppressed cut12.1. Thus, rot mutants provide a further link between protein production and cell-cycle progression.
Interphase Chromosome Arrangement in Arabidopsis thaliana Is Similar in Differentiated and Meristematic Tissues and Shows a Transient Mirror Symmetry After Nuclear Division
Authors: Berr Alexandre , Schubert Ingo 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Whole-mount fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings to determine the three-dimensional (3D) interphase chromosome territory (CT) arrangement and heterochromatin location within the positional context of entire tissues or in particular cell types of morphologically well-preserved seedlings. The interphase chromosome arrangement was found to be similar between all inspected meristematic and differentiated root and shoot cells, indicating a lack of a gross reorganization during differentiation. The predominantly random CT arrangement (except for a more frequent association of the homologous chromosomes bearing a nucleolus organizer) and the peripheric location of centromeric heterochromatin were as previously observed for flow-sorted nuclei, but centromeres tend to fuse more often in nonendoreduplicating cells and NORs in differentiated cells. After mitosis, sister nuclei revealed a symmetric arrangement of homologous CTs waning with the progress of the cell cycle or in the course of differentiation. Thus, the interphase chromosome arrangement in A. thaliana nuclei seems to be constrained mainly by morphological features such as nuclear shape, presence or absence of a nucleolus organizer on chromosomes, nucleolar volume, and/or endopolyploidy level.
Factors Influencing the Hooking Mortality of Walleyes Caught by Recreational Anglers on Mille Lacs, Minnesota
Authors: Reeves Keith A. , Bruesewitz Richard E. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Recent implementation of size-based regulations in recreational fisheries for walleye Sander vitreus have led to more released walleyes and presumably to more losses of released fish. We conducted this study to estimate hooking mortality in Mille Lacs, Minnesota, and to determine factors that influence the survival of released walleyes. Volunteers and Minnesota Department of Natural Resources employees sampled walleyes with common angling methods in 2003 and 2004 on Mille Lacs (n = 1,246). Simple hooking mortality rates ranged from 0% (95% confidence interval = 0–1.8%; n = 204) in May, when lake water temperatures were less than 20°C, to 12.2% (9.2–15.9%; n = 392) in the July–August period, when lake water temperatures were at least 20°C. We used logistic regression within generalized linear or additive models to determine influential variables. Hooking mortality was most associated with water temperature, bleeding, fish length, hook location, and fish floating upon release. Mortality increased as the water warmed above 18°C and was higher for fish that bled at temperatures less than 24°C but similar for both bleeding and nonbleeding fishes at temperatures of 24°C or more. Fish hooked in the throat or stomach died at higher rates than fish hooked in the jaw, inner mouth, or gills and those that were externally foul-hooked, especially when they were smaller. Although fish of medium length (300–600 mm) were more likely to be deep hooked, they died less frequently than walleyes of other lengths. Cutting the line did not significantly improve survival in deeply hooked fish. Mortality was similar between live bait jigs and live bait regular hooks. Most observed hooking mortality was caused by damage to major internal organs. Hooking mortality is minimized when anglers fish in cool water, use active fishing methods, and catch medium-length walleyes.
Genetic Evaluation of the Lake Sturgeon Reintroduction Program in the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers
Authors: Drauch Andrea M. , Rhodes Olin E. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Over the past 20 years, there has been a growing awareness of the impact of genetic factors on the success of reintroduction programs for fish and other species. One primary genetic criterion to be considered in the design and implementation of reintroduction programs is the maximization of genetic diversity within reintroduced populations. Reintroduction has become an important management tool for the imperiled lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. However, little published work has evaluated current lake sturgeon reintroduction programs in terms of their ability to transfer genetic diversity from source populations to reintroduced populations. We evaluated the success of an ongoing lake sturgeon reintroduction program based upon its ability to adequately transmit the genetic diversity of the Lake Winnebago source population into reintroduced populations in the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. Additionally, a nonreintroduced single year-class from a hatchery population established from the Lake Winnebago stock was included in this study to determine how much of a source population's genetic diversity could be captured in a single stocking event. Reintroduced populations exhibited levels of genetic diversity similar to that of their source population, and estimates of genetic differentiation revealed very little divergence between source and reintroduced population pairs. Significant levels of genetic differentiation between the Lake Winnebago and nonreintroduced hatchery fish, as well as evidence of a bottleneck within the hatchery fish, indicated that the small number of parents used in a single-year stocking event may not adequately exploit a source's available genetic diversity. Therefore, a multiple-year stocking strategy may be most appropriate for lake sturgeon reintroduction programs.
On the convergence of the secant method under the gamma condition
Authors: Argyros Ioannis 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
We provide sufficient convergence conditions for the Secant method of approximating a locally unique solution of an operator equation in a Banach space. The main hypothesis is the gamma condition first introduced in [10] for the study of Newton’s method. Our sufficient convergence condition reduces to the one obtained in [10] for Newton’s method. A numerical example is also provided.
Hilbert algebras as implicative partial semilattices
Authors: Cīrulis Jānis 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The infimum of elements a and b of a Hilbert algebra are said to be the compatible meet of a and b, if the elements a and b are compatible in a certain strict sense. The subject of the paper will be Hilbert algebras equipped with the compatible meet operation, which normally is partial. A partial lower semilattice is shown to be a reduct of such an expanded Hilbert algebra i ?both algebras have the same ?lters.An expanded Hilbert algebra is actually an implicative partial semilattice (i.e., a relative subalgebra of an implicative semilattice),and conversely.The implication in an implicative partial semilattice is characterised in terms of ?lters of the underlying partial semilattice.
Limit points of eigenvalues of truncated unbounded tridiagonal operators
Authors: Ifantis E.K. , Kokologiannaki C.G. , Petropoulou E. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Let T be a self-adjoint tridiagonal operator in a Hilbert space H with the orthonormal basis {e
n}n=1∞, σ(T) be the spectrum of T and Λ(T) be the set of all the limit points of eigenvalues of the truncated operator T
N. We give sufficient conditions such that the spectrum of T is discrete and σ(T) = Λ(T) and we connect this problem with an old problem in analysis.
The construction of the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1/azurin and the increased apoptosis of U2OS cells transfected with it
Authors: Ye Zhaoming , Peng Huiqin , Fang Yongming , Feng Jie , Yang Di-Sheng 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn our previous study, we demonstrated that azurin could selectively trigger apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS cells. However, the rate of apoptosis (35.8 ± 3.2%) is not very high, and azurin is too expensive to obtain readily. To solve these problems, we constructed a eukaryotic expression plasmid containing the azurin gene with an influenza virus haemagglutinin 9 peptide HA epitope tag, and transfected the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)/azurin into U2OS cells. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis validated the successful transfection and the expression of the azurin-HA protein. Conspicuous apoptosis of the transfected cells was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and the DNA ladder test. The apoptosis rate reached 64.3 ± 13.1%. The transcriptional levels of the Bax and p53 genes increased significantly in U2OS cells transfected with pcDNA3.1(+)/azurin, but the Bcl-2 mRNA level decreased. There was no difference in the levels of Bcl-xl mRNA and Survivin mRNA. We propose that the transfection of the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)/azurin can significantly induce apoptosis in U2OS cells. This is closely associated with the up-regulation of the transcriptional level of the Bax and p53 genes, and the down-regulation of that of the Bcl-2 gene.
Behaviour of inorganic constituents of municipal sewage sludge during fluidized-bed combustion
Authors: Hartman M. , Pohořelý M. , Trnka O. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe fate of main heavy metals in municipal sewage sludge (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn) was investigated using a fluidized-bed reactor. The behaviour of metals in the incinerator was explored by comparing metal contents in the two main ash streams: bottom (in-bed) ash and ash separated by a cyclone (cyclone-catch ash). All metals showed enrichment in the cyclone ash. The ash originating from sewage sludge is thermally quite stable consisting of quartz, hematite, spar(s), mica(s), apatite, and anhydrite. It does not soften nor becomes sticky and does not tend to agglomerate at temperatures up to 950°C.
Notes on notation of sodium oxofluoroaluminate anions
Authors: Boča M. , Kucharík M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe chemical notation of the reaction products in the system NaF—AlF3—Al2O3 was reevaluated and its modifications were suggested. Based on these modifications, the equilibrium constants of selected reactions were calculated. Some of the equilibrium constants differed by one or two orders of magnitude from the values of the corresponding original equilibrium constants.
Does empathy predict adolescents' bullying and defending behavior?
Authors: Gini Gianluca , Albiero Paolo , Benelli Beatrice , Altoè Gianmarco 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThrough structural equation modeling, this study tested a path of relations in which different levels of empathic responsiveness were posited to be differently associated to bullying and defending behavior. Three hundred and eighteen Italian adolescents (142 girls and 176 boys; mean age = 13.2 years) completed the Davis's Interpersonal Reactivity Index [Davis, 1983] for empathy and the Participant role scales [Salmivalli et al., 1996] for bullying and defending behavior. The results revealed that the model fitted the data adequately, but only in the case of boys. As hypothesized, low levels of empathic responsiveness were associated to students' involvement in bullying others. In contrast, empathy was positively associated with actively helping victimized schoolmates. However, the estimates algorithm did not reach convergence with girls' data. The current findings confirm and extend the literature on the relation between empathy, prosociality and aggressive behavior. Educational implications are also discussed. Aggr. Behav. 33:467–476, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Weakly aggressive behaviour towards nymphs in the cockroach Schultesia nitor (Blattaria: Zetoborinae)
Authors: Baaren Joan Van , Deleporte Pierre , Vimard Aurélie , Biquand Véronique , Pierre Jean‐Sebastien 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper describes aggressive behaviour in the cockroach Schultesia nitor, a tropical forest species living in bird nests. Young S. nitor nymphs are known to show active dispersal while old nymphs and adults are contrastingly strongly gregarious, a combination of features never observed in other cockroach species. Our laboratory experiments using video recording of confrontations between pairs show that aggressive behaviour towards conspecific nymphs is not exhibited towards nymphs of the species Phoetalia pallida, and thus can be considered species specific in S. nitor. But, it is not kin oriented: the mother and all adults of both sexes in different physiological states exhibit this behaviour as well. Six types of aggressive interactions were discriminated, occurring in age‐symmetric pairs of nymphs and adults. Even more frequent aggression was exhibited by adults and last instar nymphs towards younger nymphs of all instars. The frequency of aggressive acts and types of aggressive interactions varied according to sex and size of the two interacting individuals. The possible function and evolution of this behaviour is discussed, with emphasis on the difficulty of interpreting obvious but weak and not kin‐biased aggression. Aggr. Behav. 33:498–507, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carbonyldinitrosyltris(fluorosulfato)tungstate(II) and ‐Molybdate(II) Anions: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Density Functional Theory Calculations
Authors: Xu Qiang , Tsumori Nobuko , Jiang Ling , Kondo Masanobu , Arakawa Ryuichi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCarbonyldinitrosyltris(fluorosulfato)tungstate(II) and ‐molybdate‐(II) anions, [fac‐M(CO)(NO)2(SO3F)3]− (M=W, Mo), which are novel weakly coordinating anions that contain a metal carbonyl/nitrosyl moiety, have been generated in fluorosulfonic acid and completely characterized by multinuclear NMR, IR, and Raman spectroscopy as well as ESI mass spectrometry. ESI MS measurements performed for the first time on a superacidic solution system unambiguously reveal the formation of the monoanionic, mononuclear W and Mo complexes formulated as [M(CO)(NO)2(SO3F)3]− (M=W, Mo). Multinuclear NMR spectroscopic studies at natural abundance and 13C and 15N enrichment clearly indicate the presence of one CO ligand, two equivalent NO ligands, and two types of nonequivalent SO3F− groups in a 2:1 ratio. The IR and Raman spectra reveal that the two equivalent NO ligands have a cis conformation, thus indicating a fac structure. Density functional calculations at the B3LYP level of theory predict that these anions have a singlet ground state (1A′) with a Cs symmetry along with C–O and N–O vibrational frequencies that are in agreement with the experimental observations. Mulliken population analysis shows that the monovalent negative charge is dispersed on the bulky sphere, the surface of which is covered by all the negatively charged O and F atoms with charge densities much lower than SO3F−, suggesting that [fac‐M(CO)(NO)2(SO3F)3]− (M=W, Mo) are weakly nucleophilic and poorly coordinating anions.
Gliclazide: pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic relationships in rats
Authors: Štětinová V. , Květina J. , Pastera J. , Polášková A. , Pražáková M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe relationship between the pharmacokinetics of gliclazide and its antidiabetic efficacy were evaluated on the basis of experimental determination of changes with time in the plasma levels of this antidiabetic agent and those of glucose. The experiment included rats with both initial normal glycaemia and alloxan‐induced hyperglycaemia (glycaemia increased by a minimum of 30%). Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were examined in the interval of 30 to 180 min after p.o. administration of a single dose of 25 mg/kg of gliclazide. The drug was administered on day 4, following a single i.v. dose of either 50 mg/kg of alloxan (hyperglycaemic group) or the injection vehicle (control group). Even though the biological availability of gliclazide was similar in both normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic animals, the gliclazide‐induced hypoglycaemizing response was not uniform: until 60 min, the decrease of glycaemia was smaller in animals with alloxan hyperglycaemia (23% decrease at 60 min) in contrast to the normoglycaemic animals (36% decrease at 60 min), at later times, the intensity of this hypoglycaemizing effect of gliclazide persisted in the hyperglycaemic animals, while in the normoglycaemic ones, a reversal of the hypoglycaemizing effect occurred. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of surgeon volume and specialization on short-term outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Borowski D W , Kelly S B , Bradburn D M , Wilson R G , Gunn A , Ratcliffe A A 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have shown a relationship between surgeon volume and outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of surgeon volume and specialization on primary tumour resection rate, restoration of bowel continuity following rectal cancer resection, anastomotic leakage and perioperative mortality.MethodsThe Northern Region Colorectal Cancer Audit Group conducts a population-based audit of patients with colorectal cancer managed by surgeons. This study examined 8219 patients treated between 1998 and 2002. Outcomes were modelled using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsTumour resection was performed in 6949 (93·8 per cent) of 7411 patients. High-volume surgeons with an annual caseload of at least 18·5 (odds ratio (OR) 1·53 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1·10 to 2·12); P = 0·012) and colorectal specialists (OR 1·42 (95 per cent c.i. 1·06 to 1·90); P = 0·018) were more likely to perform elective sphincter-saving rectal surgery. In elective surgery, the risk of perioperative death was lower for high-volume surgeons (OR 0·58 (95 per cent c.i. 0·44 to 0·76); P &lt; 0·001), but this was not the case in emergency surgery.ConclusionHigh-volume surgeons had lower perioperative mortality rates for elective surgery, and were more likely to use restorative rectal procedures.
A language perspective to environmental management and corporate responsibility
Authors: Joutsenvirta Maria 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFew environmental management scholars have applied a research approach that focuses on analysing the language use through which managers and other societal actors come to describe, explain or otherwise account for environmental and social problems. This article discusses some of the important benefits that treating linguistic materials as ‘sites of language use’ offers for studying corporate responsibilities in various societal challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss and poverty. Findings from a longitudinal discourse analysis of the debate between a leading global forest industry company (Stora Enso) and a global environmental organization (Greenpeace) demonstrate the utility of a research approach that focuses on the discussants' language use. The article shows how the application of a language perspective opens up new avenues for understanding how certain ways of talking about corporate responsibilities may hinder or facilitate our efforts to steer corporate actions into a more balanced relationship with nature and society. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Intra‐articular inclusions of the elbow joint complex
Authors: Mercer Susan R. , Bogduk Nikolai 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn abundant clinical literature implicates intra‐articular inclusions in various pathological conditions of the elbow, but the anatomical literature offers piecemeal descriptions of these structures. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, disposition, and gross morphology of intra‐articular inclusions of the entire elbow joint complex. Twenty‐eight elbow joints from 17 adult embalmed cadavera were studied by macrodissection. Three types of inclusions were identified. Fat pads and fibroadipose meniscoids were found in all joints while capsular rims occurred in 50% of radiohumeral and humeroulnar joints. Fat pads were located opposite the olecranon, coronoid, and radial fossae. Fibroadipose meniscoids were found in the nonarticular waists of the trochlear notch and protruded into the posterolateral aspect of the radiohumeral joint. Fibroadipose meniscoids and fat pads are characteristic structures of the elbow joint complex. Fat pads appear to act as deformable space fillers, while the radio‐humeral fibroadipose meniscoid appears to protect articular cartilage exposed during normal movement. Arguments are raised whether these structures may act as the nidus for arthrofibrosis and that the radiohumeral meniscoid may be involved in lateral epicondylalgia. Clin. Anat. 20:668–676, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.