bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Firm profitability and forced wage labour in Portuguese Africa: Evidence from the Sena Sugar Estates, 1920–74
Authors: Jones Sam , Gibbon Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractForced wage labour (FWL) in colonial‐era Portuguese Africa came to encompass a majority of working age men and persisted until the early 1960s. On the basis of reconstructed financial records from the Sena Sugar Estates in today's Mozambique, we estimate the long‐run profitability of the firm. With this we associate rates of extraction from native labour, defined as the difference between actual levels of remuneration and those under counterfactual freer market conditions. We estimate that coercion suppressed workers’ remuneration by about two‐fifths, representing a significant cost saving to the firm. However, a production function analysis indicates that coercion also negatively affected productivity. Using these results, we calculate that the firm's profitability might have remained broadly robust without FWL. This suggests other factors, including fiscal imperatives and technological factors, likely contributed to the persistence of labour coercion in Mozambique.
I arrived at the sun! Developing an educational board game with the collaboration of pre‐service art and pre‐service science teachers
Authors: Küçükşen Öner Ferhunde , Cetin‐Dindar Ayla , Sarı Hazal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe the design process of an educational board game, the Planet‐Dart. This board game design is based on the science curriculum and aims to enhance middle school students' basic concepts about solar system. The purpose of developing this educational game was to provide an entertaining way for learning science. A pre‐service art teacher designed the game with the support of two pre‐service science teachers. The pilot study was conducted with two middle school students, and with the feedback based on the pilot study the pre‐service art teacher made modifications to the game. Then, the main implementation of the game was conducted in a real‐classroom environment with 60 middle school students by one pre‐service science teacher and two science teachers. The qualitative results revealed that this game was an enjoyable and effective learning tool to play among middle school students. In addition, the pre‐ and in‐service science teachers emphasized that there was an entertaining learning environment during the play. Based on these findings, the developed educational board game could enhance students' learning outcomes and entertainment.
A biomedical engineering curriculum development: A qualitative study engaging four stakeholders
Authors: Prestigiacomo Rita , Chan Chun Chuen , Kark Lauren 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiomedical engineering is critical in improving people's lives through innovative solutions to biological and medical challenges. In the face of today's rapidly evolving climate, the field of biomedical engineering encounters numerous pressures that demand up‐to‐date skills and competencies. The (re‐)development of curricula aligning with industry and societal needs, students' expectations, and academics' expertise while outlining graduates' knowledge (that) and abilities (how) becomes indispensable despite the challenges and complexities presented by conflicting priorities, tight timelines, and scarce resources. This paper presents a qualitative study conducted by a biomedical engineering graduate school at an Australian university. The study engaged four key stakeholders—industry partners, recent graduates, current academics, and students—in a self‐auditing process of an existing biomedical engineering curriculum. This exercise aimed to identify priorities for the future development of the curriculum. The findings reveal the perspectives from the four stakeholder groups, with industry partners and recent graduates focusing on technical and transferable skills and current students and academic staff advocating for breadth and a more practice‐oriented curriculum, where transdisciplinarity should inform biomedical engineering education. We propose that this evidence‐based and bottom‐up approach with multiple stakeholders holds potential implications for fields beyond biomedical engineering education. It provides valuable guidance to educational institutions seeking to (re‐)develop their curricula to align with evolving industry and society demands.
Modelling the interplay between resilience, emotion regulation and psychological well‐being among Chinese English language teachers: The mediating role of self‐efficacy beliefs
Authors: Zhi Ran , Derakhshan Ali 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith the rise of positive psychology (PP) in 1954 and its flowering in the last decade of the 20th century, the focus of psychological and educational studies has shifted from examining negative health‐related outcomes to their positive counterparts. In line with this new research agenda, several L2 researchers have studied different positive health‐related outcomes and their predictors among language teachers. Few language studies, however, have been dedicated to examining language teachers' psychological well‐being and its potential predictors. To bridge the lacuna, the current research tried to evaluate the role of emotion regulation and resilience in predicting Chinese EFL teachers' psychological well‐being. This research also strived to find out whether perceived self‐efficacy could mediate the interaction between psychological well‐being, emotion regulation and resilience. For this purpose, 430 English teachers recruited from Chinese EFL classes were asked to respond to four closed‐ended questionnaires. The analysis outcomes exhibited strong and positive associations between resilience, emotion regulation and psychological well‐being. The results also divulged that the psychological well‐being of English language teachers could be meaningfully predicted by their emotion regulation ability and resilience. Additionally, the results indicated that the association between Chinese English teachers' resilience, emotion regulation ability and psychological well‐being could be significantly mediated by their self‐efficacy beliefs. These outcomes may have some useful and instructive implications for educational principals and teacher trainers.
Somatic variants as a cause of drug‐resistant epilepsy including mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Carton Robert J. , Doyle Michael G. , Kearney Hugh , Steward Charles A. , Lench Nicholas J. , Rogers Anthony , Heinzen Erin L. , McDonald Seamus , Fay Joanna , Lacey Austin , Beausang Alan , Cryan Jane , Brett Francesca , El‐Naggar Hany , Widdess‐Walsh Peter , Costello Daniel , Kilbride Ronan , Doherty Colin P. , Sweeney Kieron J. , O'Brien Donncha F. , Henshall David C. , Delanty Norman , Cavalleri Gianpiero L. , Benson Katherine A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe contribution of somatic variants to epilepsy has recently been demonstrated, particularly in the etiology of malformations of cortical development. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic yield of somatic variants in genes that have been previously associated with a somatic or germline epilepsy model, ascertained from resected brain tissue from patients with multidrug‐resistant focal epilepsy.MethodsForty‐two patients were recruited across three categories: (1) malformations of cortical development, (2) mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis, and (3) nonlesional focal epilepsy. Participants were subdivided based on histopathology of the resected brain. Paired blood‐ and brain‐derived DNA samples were sequenced using high‐coverage targeted next generation sequencing to high depth (585× and 1360×, respectively). Variants were identified using Genome Analysis ToolKit (GATK4) MuTect‐2 and confirmed using high‐coverage Amplicon‐EZ sequencing.ResultsSequence data on 41 patients passed quality control. Four somatic variants were validated following amplicon sequencing: within CBL, ALG13, MTOR, and FLNA. The diagnostic yield across 41 patients was 10%, 9% in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis and 20% in malformations of cortical development.SignificanceThis study provides novel insights into the etiology of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis, highlighting a potential pathogenic role of somatic variants in CBL and ALG13. We also report candidate diagnostic somatic variants in FLNA in focal cortical dysplasia, while providing further insight into the importance of MTOR and related genes in focal cortical dysplasia. This work demonstrates the potential molecular diagnostic value of variants in both germline and somatic epilepsy genes.
Acquired diffuse palmoplantar erythema with keratoderma in Chinese patients with pustular psoriasis: A predictor for IL36 receptor antagonist c.115+6T>C mutation?
Authors: Hsu Francis Li‐Tien , Hsieh Chang‐Yu , Tsai Tsen‐Fang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSeveral studies have suggested that mutation of the interleukin 36 receptor antagonist gene (IL36RN) is related to generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), and the presence of IL36RN mutation may affect the clinical manifestations and treatment responses. However, genetic testing is not routinely available in clinical practice for the diagnosis of GPP. Previously, GPP patients with acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau (ACH) were found to have a high percentage of carrying IL36RN mutation. In this study, we reported six patients with pustular psoriasis presenting as diffuse palmoplantar erythema with keratoderma among 60 patients who carried IL36RN mutation. ACH was present in five patients and five patients had acute flare of GPP. This unique presentation may serve as a predictor for IL36RN mutation in patients with pustular psoriasis, similar to ACH.
Security and privacy protection protocol based on edge computing in smart campus
Authors: Liang Jing , Gong Yan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith the continuous emergence of modern Internet of Things, mobile Internet and other new generation of campus information technology and its extensive application in professional campus education, the development of college professional campus education information construction has entered a new stage of development. In view of higher requirements on data storage and network transmission delay of core business system in smart campus and more prominent wireless network security problems, this paper proposes a privacy protection protocol for smart campus based on chaotic mapping and edge computing. The protocol uses chaos mapping algorithm to protect user identity and negotiate session keys, and introduces edge computing to process authentication information on the edge server, which reduces the pressure of the core network and improves the authentication efficiency. This paper proves the security of the protocol by using BAN logic and Scyther, and verifies that the protocol can resist known attacks by analysing informal security. Through performance analysis and comparison, the proposed protocol has obvious advantages in computation and communication overhead.
The role of gender, stress, and social support in parents' pandemic well‐being: A cross‐national study
Authors: Thorsteinsen Kjærsti , Heijens Marie , Parks‐Stamm Elizabeth J. , Froehlich Laura , Martiny Sarah E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe goal was to investigate whether and how the well‐being of mothers and fathers was differentially affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic in four European countries and whether differences in stress and social support explain observed gender differences.BackgroundPrevious research documents that the COVID‐19 pandemic had a significant impact on many people's lives and that some groups, such as women and parents, were affected more negatively than others. This study investigates potential underlying mechanisms and protective factors.MethodIn November 2020, 448 parents (218 fathers and 230 mothers, Mage = 41.18, SD = 8.47) from four European countries (Norway, Sweden, Germany, and the United Kingdom) completed an online questionnaire. Parents of elementary schoolchildren reported their stress, well‐being, and social support currently and retrospectively for the first lockdown (spring 2020).ResultsMothers experienced lower well‐being than fathers during the pandemic, and parental well‐being differed between countries. In addition, the stress caused by the need to combine paid work and child care partly mediated the relationship between gender and well‐being, and social support played a protective role by buffering individuals from the negative impact of stress on well‐being.ConclusionThe study allows a more differentiated perspective on the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on parental well‐being in Europe.ImplicationsResults suggest in future health‐related crises, policymakers and practitioners working with families should focus on providing additional support to mothers of young children to maintain their well‐being.
Making family meals happen: Working mothers' work–family boundary management strategies in Singapore
Authors: Tan Hwee Boon Simone , Cho Eunae 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe examined how working mothers, who often juggle paid work and family meal preparation, manage work–family boundaries to optimize their family meal practice.BackgroundDespite the well‐established benefits of family meals, reconciliation of work demands with family meal preparation represents a challenge for many working mothers. A better understanding of malleable antecedents of family meals can be instrumental in enabling more families to have meals together.MethodFull‐time working mothers of young children (aged below 12) in Singapore were individually interviewed (N = 34). In addition to the information about their typical family meal arrangements, we explored work and family factors that shape family meals and the strategies working mothers use to manage work–family boundaries. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsWorking mothers adopt various work–family boundary management strategies (temporal, behavioral, and communication) to achieve desired family meal frequency and quality of mealtime interactions. Mothers' broad views on work–family management and thoughts about family meals undergird their choice of specific strategies.ConclusionThis research revealed working mothers' active management of work–family boundaries as a novel answer to the critical question of how working mothers of young children make family meals happen.ImplicationsOur research has practical implications for working mothers' ability to facilitate family meals.
“I feel like I am betraying my child”: The socio‐politics of maternal guilt and shame
Authors: Rúdólfsdóttir Annadís Greta , Auðardóttir Auður Magndís 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we explore maternal shame and guilt as affective derivatives of social regulations of motherhood in Iceland, which is internationally perceived as a frontrunner in gender equality. We analyze 450 qualitative questionnaires completed by parents describing feelings of guilt and shame in connection to parenthood. We use 76 questionnaires completed by fathers to contrast and compare to answers from mothers to better understand the affective‐discursive workings of motherhood. The affective‐discursive analytical framework allows us to understand affective pulls, pushes, power dynamics and their social politics. The findings are contextualized in the Nordic welfare state, neoliberalism, the current ethos of intensive mothering. The recurrent thread running through the data is the idea of the ever‐present mother, and under this umbrella concept, we have developed two affective‐discursive themes: (i) the guilt of working (long hours) and having to arrange for childcare and (ii) failing to be 100% present for the child. We conclude that the emotions of guilt and shame are consistently present in mothers' lives, much more so than in fathers' lives, and that this gendered pattern is both caused by and serves to reinforce the age‐old cultural mandate that mothers are primarily responsible for child rearing. The marks of intensive mothering are evident in mothers' description of feeling guilty for everyday tasks such as working, cleaning, studying, arranging for daycare, sending their children to preschool, and attending to their own needs. This gendered pattern suggests that the gender equality cornerstone of the Nordic welfare state might be at risk as important institutions, such as preschools, are perceived as inferior to mothers' constant attention.
Creating competitive academic leadership by implementing alternative promotion tracks
Authors: Weinberger Yehudith 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStaff members in academia are expected to meet a diverse range of simultaneous expectations: responding to students' scholastic needs, pursuing high‐quality, ongoing research and being involved in their institutions. Those who successfully bear this multifaceted burden are found worthy of promotion. This 5‐year study followed the activity of two parallel staff promotion committees in a large Israeli teachers' college: a researcher track and an ‘other’ track. The findings show two opposing trends, which continued until reaching an equilibrium: a decrease in portfolios presented and an increase of portfolios approved for promotion in the researcher track, and—in the ‘other’ track—an increase in the submitted and a decline in the approved. These tendencies signal a gradual establishment of the new ‘other’ track's status and speak to a distinctive added value for high‐quality academic innovation in the new era—lecturers' involvement in teamwork and partnership on the campus.
What really is nontokenistic fully inclusive patient and public involvement/engagement in research?
Authors: Hilton Andrea , Megson Molly , Aryankhesal Aidin , Blake Jessica , Rook George , Irvine Anne , Um Jinpil , Killett Anne , Maidment Ian , Loke Yoon , van Horik Jayden , Fox Chris ,   TIMES programme team
Published: March 2024

AbstractPatient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) is critically important in healthcare research. A useful starting point for researchers to understand the scope of PPIE is to review the definition from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) as, ‘research being carried out “with” or “by” members of the public rather than “to”, “about” or “for” them’. PPIE does not refer to participation in research, but to actively shaping its direction. The ‘Effectiveness of a decision support tool to optimise community‐based tailored management of sleep for people living with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (TIMES)’ study is funded through the NIHR programme grant for applied research. TIMES has thoroughly embraced PPIE by ensuring the person's voice is heard, understood, and valued. This editorial showcases how the TIMES project maximised inclusivity, and we share our experiences and top tips for other researchers. We base our reflections on the six key UK standards for public involvement; Inclusive Opportunities, Working Together, Support and Learning, Communications, Impact and Governance. We present our work, which had been co‐led by our PPIE leads, academics and partners including, together in dementia everyday, Innovations in Dementia, The UK Network of Dementia Voices (Dementia Engagement & Empowerment Project) and Liverpool Chinese Wellbeing. We have a Lived Experience Advisory Forum on Sleep, which includes people with dementia, family carers, representatives of the South Asian Community and the Chinese community.
Early HIV viral suppression associated with subsequent 12‐month treatment success among people living with HIV in South Africa
Authors: Violette Lauren R. , Thomas Katherine K. , Dorward Jienchi , Quame‐Amaglo Justice , Garrett Nigel , Drain Paul K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe analyzed the STREAM (Simplifying HIV TREAtment and Monitoring) study to determine risk factors associated with HIV viraemia and poor retention 18 months after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsThe STREAM study was an open‐label randomized controlled trial in Durban, South Africa, that enrolled 390 people living with HIV presenting for their first HIV viral load measurement ~6 months after ART initiation. We used modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors to describe associations between baseline characteristics and three HIV outcomes 18 months after ART initiation: HIV viraemia (>50 copies/mL), poor retention in HIV care, and a composite outcome of poor retention in care and/or HIV viraemia.ResultsApproximately 18 months after ART initiation, 45 (11.5%) participants were no longer retained in care and 43 (11.8%) had viraemia. People with CD4 counts <200 and those with viraemia 6 months after ART initiation were significantly more likely to have viraemia 18 months after ART initiation (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1–7.5 and aRR 5.5; 95% CI 3.3–9.0, respectively). People who did not disclose their HIV status and had viraemia after ART initiation were more likely to not be retained in care 12 months later (aRR 2.6; 95% CI 1.1–6.1 and aRR 2.2; 95% CI 1.0–4.8). People with a CD4 count <200 and those with viraemia were more likely to not achieve the composite outcome 18 months after ART initiation.ConclusionsViraemia after ART initiation was the strongest predictor of subsequent viraemia and poor care retention. Understanding early indicators can help target our interventions to better engage people who may be more likely to experience persistent viraemia or disengage from HIV care.
Design, optimization, and verification of self‐lubricating ceramic tool microstructure by MC method
Authors: Zhu Hang , Zhang Guangfu , Chen Zhaoqiang , Huang Yajun , Tian Congfeng , Zhang Ruwei , Xu Chonghai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe computer‐aided analysis of microstructure evolution during the sintering process of self‐lubricating ceramic tools can unveil the underlying sintering mechanism and optimize experimental parameters. In this study, a novel self‐lubricating ceramic tool material, Al2O3/SiC/h‐BN@Al2O3, was fabricated with Al2O3 as the matrix, SiC as the reinforcement phase, and h‐BN@Al2O3 as the solid lubricant. The Monte Carlo (MC) method was employed to construct a model of self‐lubricating ceramic tool material, consisting of Al2O3/SiC/h‐BN@Al2O3. Subsequently, the sintering process was analyzed to investigate the influence of particle size and content of reinforced SiC, as well as the content of coated solid lubricant h‐BN@Al2O3, sintering pressure, and temperature on the microstructure of the tool. Optimal composition and sintering parameters were determined: 3 vol% for SiC additive amount with a particle size of 0.05 μm; 5 vol% for h‐BN@Al2O3 additive amount; and an optimal sintering temperature at 1650°C. The development of self‐lubricating ceramic tool materials, Al2O3/SiC/h‐BN@Al2O3, was realized through the employment of the aforementioned parameters. Their mechanical properties and microstructure were comprehensively characterized. The bending strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness of the experimentally‐prepared Al2O3/3 vol%SiC/5 vol%h‐BN@Al2O3 self‐lubricating ceramic tool material were determined to be 722.42 MPa, 6.5 MPa·m1/2, and 20.65 GPa, respectively.