bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The shuffle Hopf algebra and noncommutative full completeness
Authors: Blute R. F. , Scott P. J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe present a full completeness theorem for the multiplicative fragment of a variant of noncommutative linear logic, Yetter'scyclic linear logic(CyLL). The semantics is obtained by interpreting proofs as dinatural transformations on a category of topological vector spaces, these transformations being equivariant under certain actions of a noncocommutative Hopf algebra called theshuffle algebraMultiplicative sequents are assigned a vector space of such dinaturals, and we show that this space has as a basis the denotations of cut-free proofs in CyLL + MIX. This can be viewed as a fully faithful representation of a free *-autonomous category, canonically enriched over vector spaces.This paper is a natural extension of the authors' previous work, “Linear Läuchli Semantics”, where a similar theorem is obtained for the commutative logic MLL + MIX. In that paper, we interpret proofs as dinaturals which are invariant under certain actions of the additive group of integers. Here we also present a simplification of that work by showing that the invariance criterion is actually a consequence of dinaturality. The passage from groups to Hopf algebras in this paper corresponds to the passage from commutative to noncommutative logic. However, in our noncommutative setting, one must still keep the invariance condition on dinaturals.
On the consistency of the Definable Tree Property on ℵ1
Authors: Leshem Amir 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn this paper we prove the equiconsistency of “Every ω1 –tree which is first order definable over (, ε) has a cofinal branch” with the existence of a reflecting cardinal. We also prove that the addition of MA to the definable tree property increases the consistency strength to that of a weakly compact cardinal. Finally we comment on the generalization to higher cardinals.
The fine structure of real mice
Authors: Cunningham Daniel W. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBefore one can construct scales of minimal complexity in the Real Core Model, K(ℝ), one needs to develop the fine-structure theory of K (ℝ). In this paper, the fine structure theory of mice, first introduced by Dodd and Jensen, is generalized to that of real mice. A relative criterion for mouse iterability is presented together with two theorems concerning the definability of this criterion. The proof of the first theorem requires only fine structure; whereas, the second theorem applies to real mice satisfying AD and follows from a general definability result obtained by abstracting work of John Steel on L(ℝ). In conclusion, we discuss several consequences of the work presented in this paper relevant to two issues: the complexity of scales in K(ℝ)and the strength of the theory ZF + AD + ┐DCℝ.
Logics which capture complexity classes over the reals
Authors: Cucker Felipe , Meer Klaus 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn this paper we deal with the logical description of complexity classes arising in the real number model of computation introduced by Blum, Shub, and Smale [4]. We adapt the approach of descriptive complexity theory for this model developped in [14] and extend it to capture some further complexity classes over the reals by logical means. Among the latter we find NCℝ, PARℝ, EXPℝ and some others more.
The Rudin-Blass ordering of ultrafilters
Authors: Laflamme Claude , Zhu Jian-Ping 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe discuss the finite-to-one Rudin-Keisler ordering of ultrafilters on the natural numbers, which we baptize the Rudin-Blass ordering in honour of Professor Andreas Blass who worked extensively in the area.We develop and summarize many of its properties in relation to its bounding and dominating numbers, directedness, and provide applications to continuum theory. In particular, we prove in ZFC alone that there exists an ultrafilter with no Q-point below in the Rudin-Blass ordering.
An intensional type theory: motivation and cut-elimination
Authors: Gilmore Paul C 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBy the theory TT is meant the higher order predicate logic with the following recursively defined types:(1) 1 is the type of individuals and [] is the type of the truth values:(2) [τ1…..τn] is the type of the predicates with arguments of the types τ1…..τn.The theory ITT described in this paper is an intensional version of TT. The types of ITT are the same as the types of TT, but the membership of the type 1 of individuals in ITT is an extension of the membership in TT. The extension consists of allowing any higher order term, in which only variables of type 1 have a free occurrence, to be a term of type 1. This feature of ITT is motivated by a nominalist interpretation of higher order predication.In ITT both well-founded and non-well-founded recursive predicates can be defined as abstraction terms from which all the properties of the predicates can be derived without the use of non-logical axioms.The elementary syntax, semantics, and proof theory for ITT are defined. A semantic consistency proof for ITT is provided and the completeness proof of Takahashi and Prawitz for a version of TT without cut is adapted for ITT: a consequence is the redundancy of cut.
Credibility limited revision
Authors: Hansson Sven Ove , Fermé Eduardo Leopoldo , Cantwell John , Falappa Marcelo Alejandro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract.Five types of constructions are introduced for non-prioritized belief revision, i.e., belief revision in which the input sentence is not always accepted. These constructions include generalizations of entrenchment-based and sphere-based revision. Axiomatic characterizations are provided, and close interconnections are shown to hold between the different constructions.
Proper forcing and L(ℝ)
Authors: Neeman Itay , Zapletal Jindřich 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe present two ways in which the model L(ℝ) is canonical assuming the existence of large cardinals. We show that the theory of this model, with ordinal parameters, cannot be changed by small forcing: we show further that a set of ordinals in V cannot be added to L(ℝ) by small forcing. The large cardinal needed corresponds to the consistency strength of ADL(ℝ): roughly ω Woodin cardinals.
Elementary equivalence for abelian-by-finite and nilpotent groups
Authors: Oger Francis 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe show that two abelian-by-finite groups are elementarily equivalent if and only if they satisfy the same sentences with two alternations of quantifiers. We also prove that abelian-by-finite groups satisfy a quantifier elimination property. On the other hand, for each integer n, we give some examples of nilpotent groups which satisfy the same sentences with n alternations of quantifiers and do not satisfy the same sentences with n + 1 alternations of quantifiers.
Constitution v. Constitutional Theory: The Question of the States v. the Nation
Authors: Corwin Edward S. 
Published: May 2006

The relation of the states and the nation is a topic on which there is a good deal of discussion these days. One week last spring brought to my desk four pamphlets on the subject—all of them from an anti-nationalistic point of view, and most of them emanating from the sovereign state of Maryland. At the same time The Times newspaper carried several articles on the subject. One was a rebuke by the President of the present tendency to look toward the national government for everything. A day or two later another utterance from the same distinguished source called for the establishment of a “federal” bureau of recreation.But, along with this ancient issue, whose infinite variety time has never yet been able to wither or custom to stale, goes another of even broader import.Like other branches of learning, constitutional interpretation pretends to a certain terminology or jargon of its own, but just how accurate this is, is indeed a question. And if it be inaccurate, this fact furnishes all the more reason why some attempt at defining terms should accompany a consideration of the question of the constitutional relationship of the states and the nation.
Rainfall and the Populist Party in Nebraska
Authors: Barnhart John D. 
Published: May 2006

The significance of Populism is being increasingly recognized. In this day of independent voting, and of the “farm bloc,” it is unnecessary to stimulate interest in this phase of American political, economic, and agricultural history. Although its term of life was short and turbid, its relation to other movements and questions gives it importance beyond that which it would otherwise enjoy.Many have endeavored to explain its rise. To some it represented an outpouring of the dangerous elements of the frontier combined with the beginnings of socialistic and anarchistic tendencies in the cities. An English observer characterized the supporters of Bryan in 1896 as the “forces of political and social revolution.” A western editorial writer wrote that ninety per cent of the leaders of the Populist Party were “destitute of personal or political integrity” and classed them as “vagabonds, slanderers, and demagogues.”
Inference by complementary elimination
Authors: Symonds Bernard K. , Chisholm Roderick M. 
Published: May 2006

The inferences countenanced by the traditional rules of modus ponens, modus tollens, disjunctive syllogism, hypothetical syllogism, and the complex types of dilemma may be regarded as single applications of one rule of inference, “the rule of complementary elimination”. In the present paper, we shall discuss this rule informally and illustrate it in application to expressions written in the language of Principia Mathematica. Our illustrations will contain no connectives except for those for conjunction, disjunction, and negation; we use parentheses in place of dots; and we allow disjunction and conjunction to have any number of operands more than two.In applying complementary elimination to a set of premises, we take the following three steps, (i) We form, merely by disjoining the premises, an expression which we shall call a premise disjunction, (ii) If we have n premises, we eliminate n minus one (or fewer) pairs of the following sort from our premise disjunction: each pair is such that one of its members is the negation of the other and both members are specific occurrences of disjuncts of our premise disjunction. We shall call such pairs complementary pairs, (iii) The formula obtained by means of our second step is one that may be made well-formed merely by eliminating parentheses or connectives other than negation; we make such elimination, and any formula we thus obtain is a consequence of our premises.
Horn sentences in identity theory
Authors: Appel K. I. 
Published: May 2006

Horn [2] obtained a sufficient condition for an elementary class to be closed under direct product. Chang and Morel [1] showed that this is not a necessary condition. We will show that, if consideration is restricted to identity theory, that is, a first-order predicate calculus with equality but no other relation symbols or operation symbols, Horn's condition is necessary and sufficient.A model for identity theory consists of a non-empty domain A, but no relations or operations except equality. If I is an index set, and for each is a model for identity theory, then the direct product of the is a model for identity theory and has domain A, the cartesian product of the Ai.
On the representation of Herbrand functions in algebraically closed fields
Authors: Lightstone A. H. , Robinson A. 
Published: May 2006

1. Let X be a statement which is formulated in the lower predicate calculus in terms of the relations of addition, multiplication, and equality, and — possibly — of the elements of a given commutative field M. Suppose moreover that X is in prenex normal form, e.g.where Z does not include any further quantifiers. In order that X be satisfied by the algebraic closure M* of M, it is necessary and sufficient that there exist Herbrand functions (or choice functions) φ1(x1, x2), φ2(x1, x2), φ3(x1, x2, x3, x4) with arguments ranging over M* and taking values in M* such thatholds for all x1, x2, x3, x4 in M*. In general the definition of these functions is far from being unique, and a priori they bear no relation to the functions which are defined ‘naturally’ in M* i.e. the rational, and more generally the algebraic, functions with coefficients in M or M*. However, we shall show in the present paper that the entire domain of variation of the arguments x1, x2, x3, x4 — regarded as the affine space S4 over M* — can be divided up into a finite number of regions Di such that in each Di the functions ϕk can be chosen as algebraic functions of their arguments. Indeed, our complete result (§ 3) proves rather more than that. In particular, it turns out that the regions Di may be taken as differences of algebraic varieties in M*.
Two arithmetical techniques with numbered classes
Authors: Standley Gerald B. 
Published: May 2006

If numbers be used to designate classes, there can be derived from a conjunct of classes numbers corresponding to the expanded product classes.For example, let the product classes ābc and āb be designated by numbers I and 5 as in the following matrix:By using 1 (20) instead of a, 2 (21) instead of b, 4 (22) instead of c, etc., the following relationship emerges between the designation of the conjunct of classes (take 12) and the product classes (I and 5): the product class(es) of any conjunct of classes is (are) (1) the sum of any negated class numbers and (2) seven less the sum of any unnegated class numbers.
Using ColE1‐derived RNA I for suppression of a bacterially encoded gene: implication for a novel plasmid addiction system
Authors: Pfaffenzeller Irene , Mairhofer Jürgen , Striedner Gerald , Bayer Karl , Grabherr Reingard 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe use of plasmid DNA for gene therapeutical purposes is a novel technology with advantages and drawbacks. One of the required improvements is to avoid antibiotic resistance genes or other additional sequences for selection within the plasmid. Here, we describe an alternative approach to equip a ColE1 plasmid with a regulatory function within the cell, which could be used for selection of plasmid carrying cells. No additional sequences are required, since the mechanism is based on RNA/RNA antisense interaction involving the naturally occurring RNA I derived from the plasmid's origin of replication. The plasmid replicational regulatory network was linked to the transcriptional regulatory network of an engineered target gene, present on the bacterial chromosome. Thus, gene suppression of a reporter could be achieved by mere presence of the ColE1‐type plasmid pBR322. Proof of this concept was shown in shaker‐flask experiments and fed‐batch fermentation processes. The strategy of regulating gene expression by plasmid replication implicates a novel strategy for plasmid selection, as the gene to be suppressed could be toxic or growth hampering, providing advantage to plasmid carrying host cells.
Association between early systemic inflammatory response, severity of multiorgan dysfunction and death in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Mofidi R , Duff M D , Wigmore S J , Madhavan K K , Garden O J , Parks R W 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis is associated with the number of failing organs and the severity and reversibility of organ dysfunction. The aim of this study was to assess the significance of early systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in the development of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death from acute pancreatitis.

Methods
Data for all patients with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis between January 2000 and December 2004 were reviewed. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores and presence of SIRS were recorded on admission and at 48 h. Marshall organ dysfunction scores were calculated during the first week of presentation. Presence of SIRS and raised serum CRP levels on admission and at 48 h were correlated with the cumulative organ dysfunction scores in the first week.

Results
A total of 759 patients with acute pancreatitis were identified, of whom 45 (5·9 per cent) died during the index admission. SIRS was identified in 162 patients on admission and was persistent in 138 at 48 h. The median (range) cumulative Marshall score in patients with persistent SIRS was significantly higher than that in patients in whom SIRS resolved and in those with no SIRS (4 (0–12), 3 (0–7) and 0 (0–9) respectively; P &lt; 0·001). Thirty-five patients (25·4 per cent) with persistent SIRS died from acute pancreatitis, compared with six patients (8 per cent) with transient SIRS and four (0·7 per cent) without SIRS (P &lt; 0·001). No correlation was observed between CRP level on admission and Marshall score (P = 0·810); however, there was a close correlation between CRP level at 48 h and Marshall score (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Persistent SIRS is associated with MODS and death in patients with acute pancreatitis and is an early indicator of the likely severity of acute pancreatitis.
European experience with laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in 466 obese patients
Authors: Suter M , Paroz A , Calmes J-M , Giusti V 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) is usually considered as the procedure of choice for morbid obesity, but its use has been limited in Europe. It is not known whether results with European patients match those from the USA.

Methods
A total of 466 patients were followed prospectively regarding weight loss, co-morbidities, quality of life and morbidity after primary laparoscopic RYGBP. Overall assessment was done using the bariatric analysis and reporting outcome system (BAROS).

Results
Conversion to open surgery was necessary in three patients. The overall early morbidity rate was 17·0 per cent and the rate of major complications was 4·7 per cent. The mortality rate was 0·2 per cent. Major morbidity decreased over time. Excess weight loss of over 50 per cent was maintained for up to 4 years in 71·4 per cent of the morbidly obese and 65·2 per cent of the superobese patients. Co-morbidities resolved or improved in most patients and quality of life improved. At 3 years, the BAROS score was excellent or very good in 77·1 per cent and good in 22·8 per cent. Late complications leading to reoperation developed in 19 patients (4·1 per cent).

Conclusion
These results are satisfactory and comparable to those reported from the USA. Owing to limitations associated with purely restrictive bariatric procedures, laparoscopic RYGBP is likely to become the procedure of choice for treatment of morbid obesity in Europe.
Randomized clinical trial and follow-up study of cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic versus conventional Nissen fundoplication
Authors: Draaisma W A , Buskens E , Bais J E , Simmermacher R K J , Rijnhart-de Jong H G , Broeders I A M J , Gooszen H G 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) has essentially replaced its conventional open counterpart (CNF). An economic evaluation of LNF compared with CNF based on prospective data with adequate follow-up is lacking.

Methods
Data from two consecutive studies (a randomized clinical trial (RCT) of 57 patients undergoing LNF and 46 undergoing CNF that was terminated prematurely, and a follow-up study of 121 consecutive patients with LNF) were combined to determine incremental cost-effectiveness 1 year after surgery.

Results
Mean operating time, reoperation rate and hospital costs of LNF were lower in the second series. The mean overall hospital cost per patient was €9126 for LNF and €6989 for CNF at 1 year in the initial RCT, and €7782 in the second LNF series. The success rate of both LNF and CNF at 1 year was 91 per cent in the RCT, and LNF was successful in 90·1 per cent in the second series. A cost reduction of €998 for LNF would cancel out the cost advantage of CNF. Similarly, if the reoperation rate after LNF decreased from 0·05 to below 0·008 and/or if the mean duration of sick leave after LNF was reduced from 67·2 to less than 61·1 days, the procedure would become less expensive than CNF. Complications, reoperation rate and quality of life after both operations were similar.

Conclusion
Including reinterventions, the outcome at 1 year after LNF and CNF was similar. In a well organized setting with appropriate expertise, the cost advantage of CNF may be neutralized.
The Prediction of the Nuclear Quadrupole Splitting of 119Sn Mössbauer Spectroscopy Data by Scalar Relativistic DFT Calculations
Authors: Krogh Jesper W. , Barone Giampaolo , Lindh Roland 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe electric field gradient components for the tin nucleus of 34 tin compounds of experimentally known structures and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy parameters were computed at the scalar relativistic density functional theory level of approximation. The theoretical values of the electric field gradient components were used to determine a quantity, V, which is proportional to the nuclear quadrupole splitting parameter (ΔE). In a subsequent linear regression analysis the effective nuclear quadrupole moment, Q, was evaluated. The value of (11.9±0.1) fm2 is a significant improvement over the non‐relativistic result of (15.2±4.4) fm2 and is in agreement with the experimental value of (10.9±0.8) fm2. The average mean square error ΔEcalcd−ΔEexptl=±0.3 mm s−1 is a factor of two smaller than in the non‐relativistic case. Thus, the approach has a quality which provides accurate support for the structure interpretation by 119Sn spectroscopy. It was noted that geometry optimization at the relativistic level does not significantly increase the quality of the results compared with non‐relativistic optimized structures. The accuracy in the approach called on us to consider the singlet–triplet state nature of the electronic structure of one of the investigated compounds.
Ferromagnetic Ordering in the Thallide EuPdTl2.
Authors: Kraft Rainer , Rayaprol Sudhindra , Sebastian C. Peter , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Whitlockite, Ca8.42Na1.16V(PO4)7.
Authors: Tsirlin Alexander A. , Dikarev Evgeny V. , Shpanchenko Roman V. , Antipov Evgeny V. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cation Distribution in the Zirconium Chloride Cluster Phase Cs[(Zr6C)Cl15].
Authors: Rohm Henning W. , Koeckerling Martin 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Structure of Ba3ZrRu2O9 — A New 6H‐(cch)2 Perovskite.
Authors: Schuepp‐Niewa Barbara , Shlyk Larysa , Prots Yurii , Niewa Rainer , Krabbes Gernot 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermal Behavior of Gadolinium Dicyanamide Dihydrate Gd[N(CN)2]3×2H2O.
Authors: Nag Abanti , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
DFT Calculation of the 183W NMR Chemical Shifts in Reduced Polyoxotungstates.
Authors: Gracia Jose , Poblet Josep M. , Fernandez Jorge A. , Autschbach Jochen , Kazansky Leonid P. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.