bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De Novo Construction of Benzene Ring: Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Trisubstituted Benzophenones Using NaH Promoted Cascade Reaction of Arylmethyl Ketone and Aromatic Aldehyde
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Manivannan Vadivelu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBenzannulation is one of the most important methods to construct the simplest aromatic ring, i.e., benzene ring. Various efforts to synthesize benzene derivatives were already made, but they generally require some transition metal species in stoichiometric or catalytic amounts to carry out this transformation which contaminates with metal‐based impurity. On the other hand, the reactant, i.e., alkyne used for these transformations is also quite expensive in nature. Keeping these facts in mind, a series of 2,4,6‐trisubstituted benzophenones (vis‐à‐vis 1,2,4,6‐tetrasubstituted benzenes) were synthesized under transition metal and solvent free conditions using simple chemicals arylmethyl ketones, aromatic aldehydes, and sodium hydride. The beauty of this methodology is that 4 out of 6 σ and all 3 π bonds of benzene ring were generated within one reaction vessel. Using this methodology, 2,4,6‐trisubstituted benzophenones bearing aromatic and heterocyclic groups can be readily accessed.
Value Plurality and Multifunctional Commensuration in Organisation: A Systems‐Theoretical Approach
Authors: Roth Steffen , Sales Augusto , Valentinov Vladislav 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article aims to challenge the prevailing economic bias in studies of organised valuation and commensuration by exploring the broader plurality of values that organisations must manage. The article draws on social systems theory in the tradition of German sociologist Niklas Luhmann to conceptualise organisations as multifunctional systems of decisions that pertain to and commensurate a plurality values associated with a diverse set of value domains, also known as ‘function systems’. The utility of the proposed framework is demonstrated through cases related to carbon rationing and legal issues during the coronavirus crisis. A key finding is that commensuration is not limited to processes dominated by financial metrics, as political and educational metrics, among others, can also serve as primary drivers of commensuration processes, effectively guiding organisational decision‐making. The paper demonstrates how organisations can effectively commensurate diverse value systems without relying solely on financial metrics and concludes that future research in non‐/financial of valuation and commensuration will be crucial for developing more nuanced and multifaceted strategies and concepts, including multifunctional approaches to the formation, justification, and management of moral judgements and values.
Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of Dermatophilosis (Cutaneous Streptothricosis) in Cattle in Ethiopia: Case Report
Authors: Habte Dessalew , Addis Habtamu , Wondimagegnehu Kifle 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study aims and documents the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of bovine dermatophilosis, caused by Dermatophilus congolensis that causes exudation and matting of hairs and wools with the formation of crusts and scab. An adult local breed bull with a history of reduced appetite, pruritus, dirty scabs and crusts as initial lesion coalesce on its different body parts was presented to Debre Markos multipurpose veterinary clinic. The rectal temperature and other vital parameters were within the normal range. The clinical signs observed were exudative dermatitis forming crusts and scabs, pruritus, matted hair like a paintbrush and keratinized material creating wart‐like lesions that were widely distributed in different body parts. Few ticks were observed on the skin of the bull suspected as vector of the disease. Culture of skin scraps on blood agar showed small, grayish‐white raised granular and hemolytic colonies. Staining of skin scraps by Giemsa and Gram's stain and cultured colony by Gram's stain indicated the characteristics of Dermatophilus congolensis, etiology of dermatophilosis. Other laboratory tests also showed the characteristics of D. congolensis. The case was treated by penstrep and ivermectin parentally and iodine tincture topically, and the bull showed progressive clinical improvement and complete recovery within 2 months. In conclusion, dermatophilosis is an economically important skin disease, highly prevalent in Ethiopia, and needs early detection and treatment by penstrep intramuscularly and ivermectine subcutaneously with iodine tincture topically in line with proper husbandry practices to control the losses.
Künstliche Intelligenz in der Mammadiagnostik
Authors: Dietzel Matthias , Resch Alexandra , Baltzer Pascal A. T. 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung

Klinisches/methodisches Problem
Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) wird zunehmend im klinischen Alltag integriert. Vielen Anwendern ist der konkrete Nutzen noch unklar.

Radiologische Standardverfahren
Prinzipiell stehen KI-Anwendungen für alle bildgebenden Verfahren zur Verfügung, wobei der Schwerpunkt in der Mammadiagnostik auf der Mammographie liegt.

Methodische Innovationen
Künstliche Intelligenz verspricht eine Filterung von Untersuchungen in negative und klar positive Befunde und kann damit einen Teil der radiologischen Arbeitslast reduzieren. Andere Anwendungen sind noch nicht so weit etabliert.

Leistungsfähigkeit
KI-Verfahren für die Mammographie und mit Einschränkungen auch die Tomosynthese erreichen bereits die Qualität radiologischer Befunder:innen.

Bewertung
Bis auf Zweitmeinungsanwendungen/Triagierung in der Mammographie befinden sich die meisten Verfahren noch in der Entwicklung.

Empfehlung für die Praxis
Derzeit müssen die meisten KI-Anwendungen durch potenzielle Anwender kritisch bezüglich ihrer Reife und ihres Benefits für die Praxis geprüft werden.
Animal social networks are robust to changing association definitions
Authors: Chan Alex Hoi Hang , Dunning Jamie , Beck Kristina B , Burke Terry , Chik Heung Ying Janet , Dunleavy Daniel , Evans Tim , Ferreira André , Fourie Babette , Griffith Simon C. , Hillemann Friederike , Schroeder Julia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The interconnecting links between individuals in an animal social network are often defined by discrete, directed behaviours, but where these are difficult to observe, a network link (edge) may instead be defined by individuals sharing a space at the same time, which can then be used to infer a social association. The method by which these associations are defined should be informed by the biological significance of edges, and therefore often vary between studies. Identifying an appropriate measure of association remains a challenge to behavioural ecologists. Here, we use automatically recorded feeder visit data from four bird systems to compare three methods to identify a social association: (1) strict time-window, (2) co-occurrence in a group, and (3) arrival-time. We tested the similarity of the resulting networks by comparing the repeatability and sensitivity of individuals’ social traits (network degree, strength, betweenness). We found that networks constructed using different methods but applying similar, ecologically relevant definitions of associations based on individuals’ spatio-temporal co-occurrence, showed similar characteristics. Our findings suggest that the different methods to construct animal social networks are comparable, but result in subtle differences driven by species biology and feeder design. We urge researchers to carefully evaluate the ecological context of their study systems when making methodological decisions. Specifically, researchers in ecology and evolution should carefully consider the biological relevance of an edge in animal social networks, and the implications of adopting different definitions.
A review on the function of arabinogalactan-proteins during pollen grain development
Authors: Foubert-Mendes Sara , Silva Jessy , Ferreira Maria João , Pereira Luís Gustavo , Coimbra Sílvia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Key message
Overview of the current understanding of PG development, PT growth and the role of AGPs in these processes.

Abstract
The pollen grain (PG) is a complex structure composed of three cells: the vegetative cell which develops into a pollen tube (PT) and two sperm cells that will fuse with the egg cell and central cell, giving rise to the embryo and endosperm, respectively. This resilient gametophyte is constantly subjected to selective pressures, leading to a diverse range of characteristics, with one of its defining features being the pollen cell wall. In this review, we closely examine the developmental stages of PG formation and PT growth, with a specific focus on the dynamic roles of arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) throughout these processes. AGPs are initially present in pollen mother cells and persist throughout PT growth. In the early stages, AGPs play a crucial role in primexine anchoring, followed by nexine and intine formation as well as cellulose deposition, thereby providing essential structural support to the PG. As PGs mature, AGPs continue to be essential, as their absence often leads to the collapse of PGs before they reach full maturity. Moreover, the absence of AGPs during PT growth leads to abnormal growth patterns, likely due to disruptions of cellulose, callose, and F-actin deposition, as well as perturbations in calcium ion (Ca2+) signalling. Understanding the intricate interplay between AGPs and PG development sheds light on the underlying mechanisms that drive reproductive success and highlights the indispensable role of AGPs in ensuring the integrity and functionality of PGs.
A retrospective comparison of active surveillance to stereotactic radiosurgery for the management of elderly patients with an incidental meningioma
Authors: Hallak Hana , Mantziaris Georgios , Pikis Stylianos , Islim Abdurrahman I. , Peker Selcuk , Samanci Yavuz , Nabeel Ahmed M. , Reda Wael A. , Tawadros Sameh R. , El-Shehaby Amr M. N. , Abdelkarim Khaled , Emad Reem M. , Mathieu David , Lee Cheng-Chia , Liscak Roman , Alvarez Roberto Martinez , Kondziolka Douglas , Tripathi Manjul , Speckter Herwin , Bowden Greg N. , Benveniste Ronald J. , Lunsford Lawrence Dade , Jenkinson Michael D. , Sheehan Jason 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Management for elderly patients (> 65yo) with incidental meningiomas remains unclear. This study aims to characterize the functional and tumor outcomes of expectant and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) management of asymptomatic meningioma elderly patients.

Methods
Using retrospectively collected data from 14 centers, SRS outcomes were compared to radiographic and clinical observation of asymptomatic meningiomas in elderly patients following propensity score matching.

Results
Following propensity score matching, 114 patients were in each cohort. Tumor control was achieved at 97.37% in the SRS cohort, and no meningioma growth was seen 71.93% of the observation cohorts (p < 0.01; OR 14.44 [95% CI 4.27–48.78]). New neurological deficits developed in 1.39% of the SRS cohort but in none of the patients managed conservatively. 3.5% of patients underwent resection in the active surveillance matched cohort compared to 0.9% of patients in the SRS cohort (p = 0.063; OR 0.135 [95% CI 0.163–1.117]). The all-cause mortality rate was almost half in the SRS group (9.65%) compared to the observation group (18.42%) (p = 0.06; OR 0.47 [95% CI .22–1.03]).

Conclusion
SRS achieves superior radiological tumor control compared to surveillance but with a slightly increased the risk of new SRS-related neurological deficits in elderly patients with asymptomatic meningiomas. Although SRS reduces meningioma progression, the need for of an open neurosurgical procedure and mortality were not significantly reduced. Furthermore, mortality in the observation group was not directly related to the meningioma in any of the patients.
Measurement, analysis and utilization of meteorological parameters for radio signal propagation modeling – tropospheric refraction
Authors: Fiser Ondrej , Krcmar Vitezslav , Schejbal Vladimir , Sokol Zbynek 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The paper deals with wave propagation in the troposphere and discusses practical estimates of the refractive index, which determines how much the path of radio-wave is bent, or refracted, in the troposphere. Refractive index (RI) is a function of relative air humidity, air temperature and air pressure while the tropospheric refractivity depends on their height profile. Based on balloon measurements in the Prague meteorological station and mast measurements at Kopisty meteorological station, statistical characteristics of RI are calculated and their sensitivity to changes in pressure, temperature and relative humidity is quantitatively estimated. The paper includes figures and tables that can be used to provide a basic estimate of RI for specified atmospheric properties given by temperature, pressure and relative humidity. The results show that the RI is not very sensitive to pressure values and instead depends strongly on temperature and this dependence increases with increasing relative humidity. It should be emphasized that the RI undoubtedly depends on the local climatology of the quantities from which it is calculated.
Relevant markers for overactive bladder laser therapy: nitric oxide and urinary nerve growth factor
Authors: Ahmed Rasha , Hamdy Omnia , Mohamed Abdulwehab Mona , Abdel-Halim Ibrahim , Soliman Amany Ahmed , Elattar Shaimaa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To investigate the potential of nitric oxide (NO) and urinary nerve growth factor (NGF) as indicators of therapeutic outcomes in overactive bladder (OAB) patients undergoing low-level laser therapy (LLLT) via a prospective randomized controlled trial. Fifty OAB patients participated in the study and were subjected to LLLT using 650-nm laser irradiation. The study employed a prospective randomized controlled trial design. Nitric oxide and urine NGF levels were assessed before and after the LLLT intervention to evaluate their correlation with therapeutic outcomes. The study provided evidence supporting the effectiveness of LLLT as a treatment modality for OAB. Analysis of NO and urine NGF levels revealed significant changes following LLLT intervention suggesting their potential as biomarkers for assessing therapeutic response in OAB patients. These biomarkers hold promise for aiding clinicians in evaluating treatment response and personalizing therapy approaches for OAB patients. This study highlights the utility of LLLT in managing OAB and underscores the importance of exploring biomarkers such as nitric oxide and urinary nerve growth factor to enhance treatment efficacy assessment. The findings suggest that NO and urine NGF levels may serve as valuable indicators of therapeutic outcomes in OAB patients undergoing LLLT. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the clinical application of LLLT in OAB management.
Dose-finding and efficacy confirmation trial of the superselective intra-arterial infusion of cisplatin and concomitant radiation therapy for locally advanced maxillary sinus cancer (JCOG1212): final analysis
Authors: Shinomiya Hirotaka , Matsuura Kazuto , Onimaru Rikiya , Ohkoshi Akira , Saito Yuki , Tachibana Hiroyuki , Shiga Kiyoto , Ueda Tsutomu , Asada Yukinori , Uemura Hirokazu , Beppu Takeshi , Seto Akira , Yasumatsu Ryuji , Nakahira Mitsuhiko , Omura Go , Asakage Takahiro , Minami Shujiro , Fujii Takashi , Hirayama Yuji , Yoshida Daisuke , Nakamura Kenichi , Sasaki Keita , Mizusawa Junki , Fukuda Haruhiko , Homma Akihiro ,   Head and Neck Cancer Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG-HNCSG)
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
JCOG1212 is a dose-finding and efficacy confirmatory study of concurrent superselective intra-arterial infusion of cisplatin and radiotherapy (RADPLAT) for locally advanced primary squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus (cT4a,bN0M0). In this study, we report the results of the final analysis of the efficacy confirmation phase for the T4a cohort with 5-year follow-up data to evaluate the late adverse events and long-term efficacy.

Methods
Based on the results of the dose-finding phase, the efficacy confirmation phase consisted of seven weekly intra-arterial infusions of cisplatin 100 mg/m2 combined with radiotherapy (70 Gy). The 5-year prognosis and late adverse events were evaluated.

Results
Between April 2014 and August 2018, 64 patients were included in the analysis (one ineligible patient was excluded); 31 patients were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and 33 with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The 5-year overall survival, event-free survival, and local event-free survival was 71.9, 54.7, and 57.5%, respectively. In terms of late adverse events, grade 3 or higher non-hematologic toxicity was observed in 42.9% of 63 patients (retinopathy: 12, cataract: 10, osteonecrosis of mandible: 4, etc.). Grade 3 and 4 cataracts of affected side appeared in 22.6% (7/31) of the 3D-CRT group compared to 3.1% (1/32) in the IMRT group. Twenty-one patients had died, with 15 from the primary disease, 5 from other causes, and 1 from treatment-related cause.

Conclusion
The prognosis of RADPLAT was favorable after 5-year follow-up with acceptable late adverse events and low proportion of treatment related death.
Crossing the Sahara by small jumps: the complete migration of the Western Orphean Warbler Curruca hortensis
Authors: Jiguet Frédéric , Champagnon Jocelyn , Duriez Olivier , de Franceschi Christophe , Tillo Stéphan , Dufour Paul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We analyzed data retrieved from six multi-sensor loggers deployed on adult Western Orphean Warblers Curruca hortensis in France, to unravel the migration strategy of the species. Individuals followed a mostly direct, straight-line route towards wintering areas in North Senegal/South Mauritania, which was consistent across individuals and between autumn and spring migrations. Most migratory flights lasted around 6 h, covering approximately 300 km, with few variations even during the desert crossing, illustrating that the species crosses the Sahara by short, intermittent jumps. Individuals are likely using wadis with acacias along the route as stopover sites. Flights during spring were, on average, higher than during autumn. Long flights were performed at a median altitude of 2400 m, a few reaching up to 4000 m. Part of these flights were prolonged by a final flight at ground level, likely serving as repositioning flights during the early morning, to survey the landing area and identify suitable stopover habitats.
Adult head circumference and the risk of cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Suhas , Mak Jonathan K. L. , Tan Kathryn C. B. , Li Gloria H. Y. , Cheung Ching-Lung 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Cancer-related genes and pathways have recently been implicated in a genome-wide meta-analysis of head size. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the association between adult head circumference and the risk of cancer.

Methods
This is a cohort study using data from the Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study, where 1,301 participants aged 27–96 years with head circumference measured between 2015 and 2019, and without a history of cancer, were followed up to 15 January 2024. Incident cancers were identified using electronic medical records from a territory-wide database. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for age, sex, height, weight, education, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and family history of cancer, as well as accounting for familial clustering.

Results
The median head circumference was 53 cm (interquartile range [IQR]: 51–54) and 54 cm (IQR: 53–55) for women and men, respectively. During a median follow-up of 6.9 years, 66 individuals were diagnosed with cancer. In the adjusted model, a larger head circumference was associated with an increased risk of any cancer (HR per cm increase: 1.17; 95% CI 1.00–1.36). Results remained similar when adjusting for waist-to-hip ratio instead of weight or when additionally adjusting for serum calcium and phosphorus levels. When stratified by cancer sites, head circumference was most strongly associated with colorectal cancer (HR per cm increase: 1.81; 95% CI 1.14–2.90) and prostate cancer (HR per cm increase: 1.58; 95% CI 1.16–2.16).

Conclusion
Head circumference is positively associated with the risk of cancer independently of height, weight, and other cancer risk factors.
Assessing the educational impact of extended reality applications: Development and validation of a holistic evaluation tool
Authors: Lampropoulos Georgios , Chen Nian-Shing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aims to create and validate an evaluation tool that assesses the learning effectiveness of extended reality applications (e.g., augmented reality, virtual reality, mixed reality, and the metaverse). Six research questions were formulated to guide this study. The Extended Reality in Education (XREd) questionnaire consists of 50-items derived from 25 existing and validated questionnaires and surveys. The tool uses a 1–5 Likert scale and its items correspond to 15 factors, which are categorized into 5 dimensions. Both the factors and dimensions are supported by related theoretical aspects and background, and are grouped as follows: (1) System usability: Ease of use and Instructional clarity, (2) Learner’s basic psychological needs: Enjoyment, Autonomy, Self-efficacy, and Social interaction, (3) Learner’s learning state: Flow, Presence, and Immersion, (4) Learner’s learning performance: Learning outcomes, Learning motivation, and Learning engagement, (5) Learner’s learning perceptions: Perceived usefulness, Learning preferences alignment, and Behavioral intention. To validate the tool, descriptive statistics and reliability tests, validity tests, and factor analyses, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were used. An extended reality application was developed and applied in higher education settings over the course of a semester. The experiment data was used to validate the created evaluation tool, which was then used to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed XR application and to answer the 6 research questions set to be explored. The results confirmed the validity of the XREd questionnaire and its effectiveness in evaluating extended reality applications. Additionally, its potential to be modularly integrated to evaluate non-extended reality learning applications was highlighted. Finally, the developed application was positively assessed by students, who regarded it as an effective learning tool that can support and enrich their learning experience and improve learning outcomes.