bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mathematical Programming System for Food Management Applications
Authors: Balintfy Joseph L. 
Published: October 2008

A multistage multiple choice programming system was developed to reduce the food cost of institutional feeding programs by computer assisted menu planning and data control. Food management objectives were formulated as finding combinations of menu items for a sequence of days which satisfy desired nutritional, structural, compatibility and variety constraints at least cost, problems routinely faced by all volume feeding organizations and individuals. Solution was achieved by sequential solution of large integer programs with a specially developed truncated block enumeration algorithm. Programmed dialog made on-line postoptimal adjustments possible. A complete computerized food management information subsystem was also developed to support the matrix generator and provide a uniform file organization and data coding system applicable to any institution. System documentation, called S/360 CAMP, is available through the IBM Contributed Program Library. After initial implementation in four hospitals proved that mathematical optimization had indeed reduced the food service cost by 10–15 percent while maintaining prescribed nutritional and acceptability levels, two companies were formed to serve institutions in the application of CAMP and its derivatives. Published reports indicate successful applications in numerous hospitals, colleges, schools, and mental and penal institutions, realizing 5–34 percent cost savings. The number of applications in the United States and abroad has been increasing over the years with beneficial impact on food management and nutritional health. The results motivated a new approach to food price index theory since the applications provide a practical mechanism to optimally readjust food consumption in the face of price fluctuation.
An Application of MS/OR in Strip Mined Land Reclamation
Authors: Beene Douglas L. 
Published: October 2008

The Kansas Legistlature in 1968 provided for the reclamation of land strip-mined for coal after January 1, 1969, but there was no provision for the reclamation of the approximately 50,000 acres strip-mined in Southeast Kansas prior to that date. Concern of the residents of the area to return the land to productive use and concern of the Kansas Geological Survey with the conflict between mineral production and other social and economic activities in rural areas resulted in the formation of an “Action Group” with the purpose of: (1) determining strip-mined land ownership and availability for redevelopment; (2) determining and demonstrating productive use of strip-mined land; and (3) determining sources of funds for redevelopment projects. Initial contact with land owners indicated a reluctance to reclaim their land; essentially, there were no funds available for reclamation. Several means for overcoming the lack of money and reluctance of landowners to participate in reclamation were tried, but with no success. Finally, basic data gathered from agriculture agencies were computerized. Linear programming and modeling of one rancher's operation indicated cattle grazing to be profitable on reclaimed land. An interactive computer program was developed to allow landowners to evaluate their own expectations. Output from the model and the linear program were used to convince a governmental agency to share the cost of demonstration projects totaling 1,300 acres. Five thousand acres have been reclaimed in Kansas, as of July 1, 1974, with an economic impact of $2,000,000 on the region. This once unproductive land generates $1,000,000 annually. Most significantly, the tax base has been increased for many school districts and political divisions located in heavily strip-mined areas.
Management Science in Energy Policy: The Trans Canada-Great Lakes Transmission Case
Authors: Debanné Joseph G. 
Published: October 2008

This case heard before the National Energy Board (NEB) in 1966 and the decision of Lester B. Pearson's government to reject the Trans Canada Pipe Lines - Great Lakes Gas Transmission project in its original form, marks the first occasion where management science had a determining impact on Canadian public policy. It also marked a psychological breakthrough within the NEB's organization as it provided its newly created Operations Research Branch with the essential credibility base in order to effectively influence NEB's decision-making process. This paper describes TCPL's application of 1966 to expand East/West flow of natural gas by construction of a new, larger diameter pipeline, passing in the United States, south of the Great Lakes rather than expanding the TCPL system north of the Great Lakes. In support of its application, Trans Canada filed an extensive study to demonstrate that the Great Lakes proposal would result in lower costs of natural gas transportation than the expansion of its existing system and would open up new markets for Canadian natural gas in the north central region of the U. S. This paper shows how Operations Research Branch dissented with Trans Canada's position and managed to convince NEB's chairman and key branch heads that a number of staff studies had to be performed before arriving at a conclusion. These O-R studies ranged from the assessment of new pipeline technology to the use of various O-R techniques. These O-R studies met with varying degrees of acceptance; however, the contribution that had the most significant impact was a new methodology for comparison of transportation costs via two alternative routes serving different markets. Furthermore, the O-R branch performed differential economic impact studies to take into account the multiplier effects on the Canadian economy of the two projects which indicated an estimated advantage of a billion dollars in favour of expanding the Northern route. In the end a compromise solution which maintained the Northern loop as the main gas transmission system of TCPL was adopted.
Management Science Roundup
Authors: Bucatinsky Julio 
Published: October 2008

—“From Germany: Simulation of a Machine Shop with GPSS”; —“From Ireland: Milk Collection”; —“Truck Scheduling at Anderson-Clayton Foods”; —“What is “PIMS”?”; —“Seen Elsewhere: (1) Computer Simulation Models: Applications to the Study of Ecological Systems by Lloyd E. Peppard, (2) A Functional Approach to Modelling of Manufacturing Processes by L. H. Lees, R. Vilenchich, and M. C. de Malherbe, (3) Information Seeking with Limitations on Available Information and Resources by Jerrold M. Levine, Michael G. Samet, and Rae E. Brahlek, (4) Stochastic Models for an Educational System by N. K. Sinha and C. D. diCenzo, (5) Multiple-Criteria Optimization of Pollution Control Model by Masatoshi Sakawa and Yoshikazu Swaragi, (6) Non-Zero-Sum Differential Games for the Balance-of-Payments Adjustments in an Open Economy by H. Myoken, (7) A Comparative Monte Carlo Study of the Properties of Econometric Estimators by W. M. Mikhail, (8) Cognitive Processes and the Assessment of Subjective Probability Distributions by Robin M. Hogarth, (9) Analyzing the Decision-Making Process of the American Jury by Alan E. Gelfand and Herbert Solomon, (10) The Retail Price of Heroin: Estimation and Applications by George F. Brown, Jr. and Lester P. Silverman, (11) Estimating the Parameters of a Distributed Lag Model from Cross-Section Data: The Case of Hospital Admissions and Discharges by Charles R. Nelson and G. William Schwert, (12) A Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Burglary Resistance by W. Krieger and A. L. Sweet, (13) Some Aspects of Science-Based Technological Promotion by Yalin Tuncer, (14) A Progress Report: The ‘Quality of Life’ in a Method of Integrated Planning by Franco Archibugi, (15) The Welfare of the Elderly: A Systems Analysis Viewpoint by Sol Fanshel, (16) “Squishy” Problems and Quantitative Methods by Ralph E. Strauch, (17) Mathematical Analysis of Emergency Ambulance Location by Geoffrey N. Berlin and Jon C. Liebman, (18) A Cardinal Utility Approach for Project Evaluation by J. K. Stanley, (19) An Application of Linear Programming Methodology for Regional Strategy Making by P. M. Jenkins and Alan Robson, (20) Constructing Housing Condition Indicators by Moshe Hartman, (21) Markov Analysis of Land Use Change—An Application of Stochastic Processes to Remotely Sensed Data by Earl J. Bell, (22) A Theoretical Model of Pedestrian Flow by Allen J. Scott, (23) Maintenance Policy of Aircraft According to Multiple Criteria by Shaul P. Ladany and Matityahu Aharoni, (24) Computer Simulation Models: Applications to the Study of Ecological Systems by Lloyd E. Peppard, and (25) On Approximate Computer System Models by Erol Gelenbe”.
Management Information Systems for Management Sciences
Authors: Schneyman Arthur H. 
Published: October 2008

This paper covers some of the basic concepts applicable to any management information system (MIS); and suggests a framework for fitting these concepts to the management sciences (MS) function. General MIS concepts are reviewed and adapted to the management sciences function. MS objectives are presented as the basis for measuring MS effectiveness—both in terms of the host organization and the MS unit involved. The basic systems structure of MIS for the management sciences function is also presented.
Practice of Management Science—GYMJAC: One Company's Solution to a Classical Problem in Group Planning and Decision-Making
Authors: Williamsen James S. , Wagner G. R. 
Published: October 2008

GYMJAC is a family of computer simulation models, devised by Schreiber technical staff, with the active participation of the managers, who now use the models to aid in planning and decision-making. The models are used to evolve basic profiles of the production facilities required to meet variable sales volumes under a wide variety of possible operational conditions. The name “GYMJAC” is Schreiber's. It points to the genesis of, and original motivation behind the models. Quite simply, the models were intended to serve as a gymnasium (GYM) in which the Schreiber plant manager referred to in this article, Jack (JAC), could exercise, test, and improve his thinking about facilities requirements. The system employed for model building was the Interactive Financial Planning System, IFPS. The models are stored by, and accessed through a contract time-sharing service. They are used on-line in an interactive or conversational mode, and the format of each model is designed so that a manager can work with it directly with little or no assistance. He converses with one or more of the models until he is confident that the information obtained suits his needs. Although this article describes the overall structure and workings of the system as a whole, its main purpose is to report the GYMJAC experience at Schreiber. The authors feel that the ingredients which made this experience possible—problem situation, management attitudes, design philosophy—are of general interest, and that they may well help others with a similar problem situation to see new light at the end of the tunnel.
Profit Planning Under Price Controls
Authors: Jaikumar Ramichandran 
Published: October 2008

In September 1973, the Cost of Living Council (CLC) introduced price controls with a view of controlling profit margins of corporations. Under Phase IV-B as the rulings were called, Booth Fisheries was required to monitor profit margins within defined product groups. The size and composition of these groups were at the discretion of Booth Fisheries as long as they had some reasonable basis, but the profit margins of each group for each fiscal quarter was fixed, based on the previous year's margin. Initially, the relationship between product group structure and the total gross profit was not apparent. The task as perceived by management was one of merely modifying the Sales reporting system to help monitor and control the margins within existing product groups. However, the operations research group realized that total gross profit could in fact be increased by restructuring the groups. The operations research group studied the problem, mathematically formulated it, and developed a unique algorithm to obtain optimum product groups. The suggested groupings had a substantial impact on the earnings performance of the company. The benefits were directly measurable and amounted to an increase of 12% in gross profit over the traditional group structure. The groupings also provided Marketing with the desired price flexibiity in certain products. Due to the time constraint imposed by CLC requirements, the entire project was completed in three weeks.
Break Up the Programming Groups?
Authors: Pritzker Leon 
Published: October 2008

As one who has general direction over an “in-house programming group” as well a Management Science department in a large corporation, I have come to the conclusion that there is no one best organization of programming activity—even for Engineering, Research or Management Science. Let us restrict our consideration to programming support for Management Science. There are two types of extreme environments, among countless others, that one can visualize: (1) The Management Scientists use no real data, request programming assistance for “one-time programs” and solve particular problems with no attempt to build problem-solving systems, (2) The Management Scientists make extensive use of real data and attempt to develop, perhaps in a modular fashion, problem-solving systems. I doubt that there is any Management Science department that corresponds to either of the extremes listed above. My experience tells me, however, that there are tendencies on the part of Management Science departments to move in one or the other of the above directions.
“Acceptimization”: A Problem of Translation for Management
Authors: Millen Roger N. 
Published: October 2008

A machine shop falls victim to the exacting analysis of an “operations researcher”; the results of the research indicate that the small company must drop several of the items currently being produced and sold. “There are more catalog items than constraints”, the O.R. type explains, “If you only had more constraints on your production!” The manager's response to the thought of seeking to identify more constraints than already existed is omitted in the interests of good taste. A manufacturer of injection-molded dinnerware allowed a group of graduate students in industrial engineering to do a study of their production-inventory system. One of the results was a series of recommendations relating to economic lot size production runs for the various items being produced.
Incentive Systems and The Implementation of Management Science: A Spare Parts Application
Authors: Shapiro Alan C. 
Published: October 2008

The application of operations research models to solve a variety of management problems has enjoyed striking success over the past three decades. However, a disconcerting note has long been apparent to most practitioners. While the mathematical techniques of management scientists have been expanding rapidly, their influence on corporate decision-making has not kept pace. This paper will illustrate an often overlooked reason for the lack of acceptance of operations research models using a case study application of inventory theory. The overlooked reason is that, quite often, the model and the manager have different (and possibly conflicting) goals. In such a situation, the model is likely to be either rejected or misused.
Management Science Roundup
Authors: Bucatinsky Julio 
Published: October 2008

—“MS training in government”; —“O.R. at a state prison”; —“Managerial forecasting by ‘Super-sophisticated naive’ models: Some comments on dent and Swanson's contribution”; —“News”; —“Seen Elsewhere: (1) A Cafeteria of Techniques and Critiques by Judy B. Rosener (University of California), (2) Planning Product Line Strategy: A Matrix Approach by Yoram Wind (University of Pennsylvania) and Henry J. Claycamp (International Harvesier Co.), (3) Industrial Advertising Effects and Budgeting Practices by Gary L. Lilien, Alvin J. Silk, Jean-Marie Choffray and Murlidhar Rao (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), (4) Risk- and Personality-Related Dimensions of Store Choice by Joseph F. Dash (CBS Inc.), and Leon G. Schiffman and Conrad Berenson (City University of New York), (5) Sales Force Participation in Quota Setting and Sales Forecasting by Thomas R. Wotruba (San Diego State University) and Michael L. Thurlow (Del Monte Corp.), (6) Funds Flow Analysis During Inflation by Richard F. Vancil (Harvard Business School), (7) Design for Communication in the Research and Development Lab by Thomas J. Allen and Alan R. Fusfeld (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), (8) On Modeling by Edward B. Roberts (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), (9) The Nature of a Computer Simulation Model by Marvin Kornbluh and Dennis Little (The Library of Congress), (10) The System Dynamics National Model: Understanding Socio-Economic Behavior and Policy Alternatives by Jay W. Forrester, Nathaniel J. Mass (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), and Charles J. Ryan”.
An On-Line Integrated Materials Management System
Authors: Jaikumar R. , Rau U. R. 
Published: October 2008

With multiple production facilities and with a number of distribution centers and warehouses throughout the country, Booth Fisheries developed a network-based management information system with on-line order entry. In the four years since it was first put into operation, different optimising modules to integrate production, distribution, and inventory control have been developed and implemented. The results have been quite dramatic and include: reduction of the number of outside warehouses from 44 to 8; reduction of total finished goods inventory, at all distribution centers and warehouses, from 8.6 weeks to 4 weeks of supply; reduction of ‘out-of-stock’ items from 11% to under 3% of sales; with improved transportation policies, an annual reduction of over 9% in transportation costs; and larger production run sizes with better control amounted to an 8% reduction in production costs. The entire materials management system has evolved around the concept of a dynamic shadow price for all resources. Every resource has an imputed price, and trade-offs are evaluated on the basis of a simple linear equation. This concept is operationally simple, understandable and robust, and yet uses extensive analysis to develop optimal shadow prices. It also has the advantage that it can be manually updated on the ‘floor’ with changing operating conditions. The success of the system has been in its effectiveness in changing the operating policies of the company and its use as a control rather than information system.
What Management Says and What Managers Do
Authors: Shapero Albert 
Published: October 2008

Of the existing literature on management, 95 percent is American, and most of the rest is paraphrased or lifted from the American literature. Leading the field in prestige and circulation (160,000) is Harvard Business Review. Like the school from which it issues, H. B. R. is a major fount of MANAGEMENT, as distinguished from management. Management is what managers do. MANAGEMENT is a view of what managers do at major corporations—a view shared by business schools, management consultants, and many business and management journals. Accordingly, the appearance of On Management (Harper & Row, $17.95), articles selected from twenty-five years of H. B. R., is an event of some importance. The book should be considered not only in terms of its contents (which are undated to emphasize their timelessness), but also in terms of the opportunity it affords us to examine MANAGEMENT, its relevance to real-life management, and its profound influence upon the way we work and live.
Why is Man-Computer Interaction Important for Decision Support Systems?
Authors: Alter Steven 
Published: October 2008

This paper attempts to shed some light on the whole issue of man-computer interaction. The basic point of this paper is that we should not allow our traditional jargon to shape our current thoughts about the on-line tools we use now and the interactive tools we may use in the future. Ever since it became feasible to provide computing environments which could support on-line terminals, management scientists have enjoyed extolling the virtues of their latest interactive decision support systems. In this climate of opinion, I set out to write a Ph.D. thesis [Alter, Steven. 1975. A study of computer aided decision making in organizations. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, MIT.] on the development and use of such systems in current business organizations. Early on, it became clear that something was drastically wrong. The ill-defined, but somehow anticipated “synergy” of man and machine just didn't seem to pan out in a sufficiently dramatic way to justify all the attention and anticipation. Although a substantial number of systems did deliver computing power in an online environment, the impact of man-computer interaction on the end result was almost always extremely difficult for users to define.
An Application of Mixed Integer Programming in a Swedish Steel Mill
Authors: Westerberg Carl-Henrik , Bjorklund Bengt , Hultman Eskil 
Published: October 2008

The object is to make a tool for a Swedish steel company (Fagersta AB) to select appropriate ingredients for charges of high-grade steel, specified with regard to weight and percentage of certain chemical elements. The problem is modelled as a traditional blending problem, with additional constraints expressing that some of the variables must be integer valued. The algorithm used was designed at the Contract Research Group for Applied Mathematics, Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. The implemented system is available from the time-sharing terminal of the company and has completely replaced the former manual calculations. About two runs are made every day and the results are directly used in the production process. A substantial improvement in profitability has been demonstrated. The cost for raw materials has been decreased by roughly 6%, which corresponds to $200,000 per year, and the planning work has been considerably simplified.
The Busch Center: An Organization Designed to Insure Quality Academic Research on Real World Problems
Authors: Emshoff James R. 
Published: October 2008

Recently Interfaces has published numerous discussions about the readability and relevance of the articles typically published in Management Science. Since members of the academic community are responsible for the vast majority of the Management Science publication, there is a more fundamental question raised by the content of these articles: are universities doing the appropriate types of research in the management sciences? If universities are not addressing the right problems, then the long term growth of the entire profession is seriously threatened. I believe the answer to the problem lies in a redesign of academic programs to insure a real world context in research efforts. I base this belief on the experience of two management science-oriented programs in the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, where a real-world focus to research has always been an explicit part of both programs. The programs, Operations Research and Social Systems Science, were designed by Russell Ackoff and reflect the applications-oriented philosophy he has maintained throughout his association with the management science profession.