bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Autoantibodies Against the Acetylcholine Receptor, Evaluation of Commercially Available Methodologies: Fixed Cell-Based Assay, Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Authors: Diogenes Larissa , Dellavance Alessandra , Baldo Danielle Cristiane , Gozzi-Silva Sarah Cristina , Gomes Kethellen , Prado Monica Simon , Andrade Luis Eduardo C. , Keppeke Gerson Dierley 
Published: April 2024

Background/Objective: Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by pathogenic autoantibodies (AAbs) targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR), disrupting neuromuscular communication. RadioImmunoPrecipitation Assay (RIPA) is recommended to detect AChR AAbs, but its complexity and radioactive requirements limit widespread use. We compare non-RIPA anti-AChR immunoassays, including Cell-Based Assay (CBA) and two ELISA kits, against the gold standard RIPA. Methods/Results: 145 samples were included with medical indication for anti-AChR testing. By the RIPA method, 63 were negative (RIPA-Neg < 0.02 nmol/L), 18 were classified as B orderline (≥0.02 –1 nmol/L), and 64 were positive (RIPA-Pos > 1 nmol/L). The competitive ELISA showed poor agreement with RIPA (Kappa = 0.216). The indirect ELISA demonstrated substantial agreement with RIPA (Kappa = 0.652), with ∼76% sensitivity and ∼94% specificity for MG diagnostic. The CBA, where fixed cells expressing clustered AChR were used as substrate, exhibited almost perfect agreement with RIPA (Kappa = 0.984), yielding ∼98% sensitivity and 96% specificity for MG. In addition, a semiquantitative analysis showed a strong correlation between CBA titration, indirect ELISA, and RIPA levels ( r = 0.793 and r = 0.789, respectively). Conclusions: The CBA displayed excellent analytical performance for MG diagnostic when compared to RIPA, making it a potential replacement for RIPA in clinical laboratories. Some solid-phase assays (such as the indirect ELISA applied here), as well as CBA titration, offer reliable options to estimate anti-AChR AAb levels after confirming positivity by the CBA.∥
Energy May Be the Only Unique, Distinct, and Independent Entity in Nature
Authors: Segal Moshe 
Published: April 2024

This paper is based on several additional papers, by the author of this paper, and as such, summarizes a broad theoretical research work. These papers intended initially to investigate the nature and the characteristics of the Entity of the _Electric Charge_. The first two parts of this research, dealing with _Electric Charge_, _Energy_, and _Space_, were published in two papers: "Energy Analysis of a Null Electromagnetic Wave" [1] and "The Nature of Space and Dark Energy, Based on Electric and Magnetic Fields' Behavior in Space in the Energy Pairs Theory Framework" [2]. The first paper, [1], concluded that the Electric Charge is a form of _Energy_, similarly to Mass being recognized as a form of Energy by Einstein's Special Relativity Theory. And since all the tangible and perceptible matter in the universe is composed of only two Entities: Mass and Electric Charge, then, the first paper, [1], concluded that all the tangible and perceptible matter in the universe is just a form of Energy. The second paper, [2], provided a reasonable explanation for the mysterious Dark Energy and concluded that also _Space_ might be a form (or facet) of _Energy_. A third paper, by the author of this paper, "A New Theory Expands Einstein's General Relativity Theory to Include Both Electric Charge and Mass Entities" [3], studied the origins of the Electrically Charged Bodies' Interactions. It provided an explanation for what _causes_ the Attraction/Repulsion between Electric Charges, which is still a mystery, similarly to the explanation of Einstein's General Relativity Theory for what _causes_ the Attraction between Massive Objects. As such, the third paper, [3], is an expansion of Einstein's General Relativity Theory to include in it not only Massive Objects but also Electric Charges. Additional papers, by the author of this paper, which are also referenced in the body of this paper, focus on details and additional elements of this research, and this paper derives additional conclusions from all the previous papers mentioned above, with the most significant conclusion being that Nature, or the Existence, is composed of only one distinct and independent Entity: _Energy_. All other Entities used by Physics in order to understand or explain Nature are actually redundant and are necessary only to help humans percept Nature, and, this paper concludes, that all these other Entities are either facets of _Energy_ or tools we use to explain how Energies convert from one form of _Energy_ to another form of _Energy_, and how forms of Energies interact with each other.
A Review on Zooplankton Diversity with Reference to Physico-Chemical Parameters of Lentic Ecosystems in Maharashtra
Authors: Vairagade S. P.  
Published: April 2024

Zooplanktons are diverse organisms, are found more or less in all water bodies. The plankton research is a highly helpful technique for determining the biotic potential of water bodies and adds to the overall calculation of their biotic nature and general economic potential. Zooplanktons are microscopic, free-floating organisms that are essential to the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. As the most crucial link in the energy transfer between phytoplankton and higher aquatic animals, zooplanktons are significant biotic components and play a significant role in the aquatic environment. The functioning of an aquatic ecosystem's food chains, food webs, energy flow, and nutrient cycling are all influenced by zooplankton. Zooplankton populations are excellent indicators of the stability of the food chain. Numerous environmental parameters, including pH, temperature, salinity, oxygen, and others, have an impact on zooplankton. The food chain and the flow of energy between the primary and tertiary trophic levels are both significantly influenced by zooplankton. They serve as indicators of the physical, chemical, and biological processes occurring in aquatic systems due to their high densities. Because they are highly sensitive to environmental change, changes in the abundance of certain species or in the makeup of certain communities can be used to gauge the health of the environment. An assessment of the literature on zooplanktons in Indian lentic water has been done in the current work, which has long been deemed necessary in this subject.
Causes for Near Default Sukuk Cases in the 21st Century and Their Rescue Mechanisms
Authors: Swandaru Randi , Muneeza Aishath 
Published: April 2024

This study aims to examine the reasons that triggered sukuk to nearly default in the 21st century and the rescue mechanisms they used under the circumstance. This research is constructed as a case study examining selected near default sukuk cases from across jurisdictions. It is found that the main issues that triggered sukuk to nearly default are the lack of development of shariah governance, the backwardness in harmonizing shariah standards, and poor risk management through the business cycle of the underlying project. It is also found that two main rescue mechanisms are used in handling the sukuk that nearly defaulted. The first way is using commodity murabaha to pay out ijarah sukuk holders, as in the case of Ingress sukuk. The second way is by altering the terms of mudharabah sukuk to accommodate the aspiration of the sukuk holders, as in the case of Dana Gas sukuk. An anomaly in this regard is observed in Nakheel's case, where no restructuring effort was conducted as the Emirate of Dubai covered some of the debts.
Estética e Desperdício de Alimentos: Compreendendo as preferências e as escolhas dos consumidores de frutas, legumes e verduras
Authors: Knopp Glauco da Costa , Soares Edna Lisboa Aparecida 
Published: April 2024

O objetivo central deste artigo é compreender a relação entre estética, consumo e desperdício de alimentos, notadamente de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLVs) e como aquela determina tanto os padrões de consumo quanto o desperdício desses alimentos. E ainda, como objetivo secundário, apontar alguns caminhos para que se reavaliem os padrões de consumo vigentes e se instituam novos, visando a minimizar o desperdício de FLVs. Por meio de uma revisão de literatura narrativa abrangendo as áreas da filosofia, artes, ciências do consumo (marketing, comportamento do consumidor etc.), ciências da alimentação e história, prioritariamente, e sociologia, economia e psicologia, de forma secundária, o artigo utiliza as categorias estéticas do belo e do feio, do perfeito e do imperfeito, assim como do conceito de juízo estético para perfazer um breve percurso histórico da estética, e não só compreender as preferências e escolhas do consumidor por FLVs considerados “belos” e esteticamente perfeitos, como também as consequências de tais preferências e escolhas no bem-estar social e no meio-ambiente. Empregando os conceitos de “estética do cotidiano” e de “estética imperfeccionista”, assim como de “artevismo alimentar” e de “gastropolítica”, o trabalho explora o potencial da arte e da gastronomia para, por meio da experiência estética, evidenciar questões éticas relacionadas ao consumo e desperdício de alimentos, no intuito de contribuir para que se repensem conceitos e padrões rígidos e estereotipados.
REPRESENTASI SOSIO-KULTURAL MASYARAKAT BUDAYA AREK DALAM BONEKA WAYANG GATHOTKACA KRODHA PADA WAYANG JEKDONG
Authors: Ayuswantana Alfian Candra , Atmaji Lutfi Tri , Setiawan Bayu 
Published: April 2024

AbstrakSeni wayang kulit Jekdong adalah warisan budaya komunitas budaya Arek yang telah berkembang sesuai dengan dinamika dan karakter budaya Arek. Boneka wayang kulit Jekdong memiliki fitur khas yang membedakan jenis wayang kulit lainnya di Pulau Jawa. Keunikan bentuk ini tidak lain adalah cerminan dari nilai-nilai lokal budaya Arek. Boneka tokoh Gathutkaca Krodha dianggap salah satu tokoh yang paling sesuai untuk mewakili seni wayang Jekdong. Gathutkaca Krodha adalah sosok yang populer karena intensitasnya yang sering ditampilkan dalam berbagai pertunjukan boneka Jekdong. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menelisik lebih dalam cara-cara masyarakat budaya Arek mencerminkan karakter budaya yang dimilikinya pada wujud visual boneka wayang Jekdong. Penelitian ini berfokus pada rupa visual boneka wayang Gathutkaca Krodha yang dianalisis berdasarkan komponen sindrom atau ciri-ciri rupa boneka wayang Jekdong dan didukung oleh teori semiotika Pierce dan Barthes dalam penelusuran pemaknaannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penampilan wayang Gathutkaca Krodha mencerminkan karakteristik budaya agraris-pesisir rakyat jelata dengan menampilkan instrumen alat pertanian dan kecenderungan untuk mendekati bentuk kelugasan visual realis-naturalistik untuk mengkomunikasikan karakater sosok Gathutkaca. Kata Kunci: Arek, Gathutkaca Krodha, semiotika, wayang Jekdong AbstractJekdong Leather Puppet Art is a cultural heritage of the Arek cultural community that has developed in accordance with the dynamics and character of the Arek culture. Jekdong wayang kulit puppets have distinctive features that make distinctions from other types of wayang kulit on the island of Java. The peculiarities of this form of form are nothing but a reflection of local values of Arek culture. Gathutkaca Krodha's puppet figure is considered one of the most suitable figures to represent the Jekdong puppet art. Gathutkaca Krodha is a popular figure because of its intensity which is often shown in various Jekdong puppet shows. The purpose of this study is to explore more deeply the ways in which the Arek cultural community reflects the cultural character it has in the visual form of the Jekdong puppet. This study was analyzed by identifying the visual form based on the components of the syndrome or the visual characteristics of Jekdong puppet puppets, and supported by the theory of semiotics in the search for meaning. The results of the study show that the appearance of the Gathutkaca Krodha puppet puppet reflects the characteristics of the agrarian culture of the common people by displaying agricultural tool instruments and the tendencies to approach realis-naturalistic visual form to communicate the Gathutkaca figure. Keywords: Arek, Gathutkaca Krodha, Jekdong puppet doll, semiotic
PERANCANGAN INFOGRAFIS SEJARAH MUSEUM RADYA PUSTAKA SEBAGAI MEDIA EDUKASI ANAK KELAS 5-6 SD
Authors: Susanto Agus , Riyanto Bedjo , Ardianto Deny Tri 
Published: April 2024

AbstrakKota Surakarta memiliki banyak peninggalan bersejarah, salah satunya adalah Museum Radya Pustaka. Museum Radya Pustaka merupakan museum pertama yang didirikan oleh bangsa Indonesia. Namun, masyarakat khususnya anak-anak belum banyak yang mengetahui nilai sejarah tersebut. Mengingat pengetahuan sejarah terutama sejarah lokal sejak dini sangat penting dalam memupuk dan membentuk karakter dan jati diri anak. Maka diperlukan media edukasi yang tepat untuk memperkenalkan sejarah Museum Radya Pustaka kepada anak. Penggunaan infografis banyak dilakukan dalam menyajikan informasi dalam bentuk visual, sehingga anak dapat lebih cepat memahami informasi yang disajikan. Infografis umumnya digunakan pada media poster untuk mempermudah penggambaran informasi. Perancangan ini menggunakan metode Design thinking yang mencakup serangkaian langkah yang berfokus pada pemahaman mendalam tentang pengguna, menciptakan pemikiran yang berpusat pada manusia, dan kemudian menguji solusi yang dihasilkan secara berulang. Terdapat lima tahapan yaitu emphatize, define, ideate, prototype, testing. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah terciptanya poster infografis yang berisi sejarah Museum Radya Pustaka. Dimana informasi mengenai sejarah museum yang komplekss, disajikan dalam bentuk infografis sehingga mempermudah anak 5-6 SD dalam memahami dan mengingat informasi yang disajikan. Kata Kunci: edukasi, infografis, Museum Radya Pustaka, sejarah AbstractThe city of Surakarta possesses numerous historical relics, one of which is the Radya Pustaka Museum. Radya Pustaka Museum stands as the first museum established by the Indonesian people. However, the community, especially children, are not fully aware of the historical significance. Considering that early exposure to history, particularly local history, is crucial in fostering and shaping the character and identity of children, a suitable educational medium is necessary to introduce the history of the Radya Pustaka Museum to them. The use of infographics is commonly employed in presenting information in visual form, enabling children to comprehend the presented information more rapidly. Infographics are generally utilized in poster media to facilitate the depiction of information. This design employs the Design thinking method, encompassing a series of steps that concentrate on a profound understanding of users, creating human-centered thinking, and subsequently testing the generated solutions iteratively. There are five stages: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and testing. The outcome is the creation of an infographic poster detailing the history of the Radya Pustaka Museum. Complex information regarding the museum's history is presented in infographic form, thereby facilitating children at 5-6 elementary school in comprehending and retaining the information provided. Keyword: Education, History, Infographics, Radya Pustaka Museum
Clinical phenotype of a Kallmann syndrome patient with IL17RD and CPEB4 variants
Authors: Zhang Jianmei , Yang Suhong , Zhang Yan , Liu Fei , Hao Lili , Han Lianshu 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThis study aimed to characterize the clinical phenotype and genetic variations in patients with Kallmann syndrome (KS).MethodsThis study involved the collection and analysis of clinical data from an individual with sporadic KS. Following this, peripheral blood samples were obtained from the patient and his parents. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted and subjected to whole-exome sequencing and genomic copy number variation (CNV) detection. Finally, Sanger sequencing was performed to validate the suspected pathogenic variants.ResultsWhole-exome sequencing confirmed that the child carried both the IL17RD variant (c.2101G&gt;A, p.Gly701Ser) inherited from the mother and the new CPEB4 variant (c.1414C&gt;T, p.Arg472*). No pathogenic CNVs were identified in CNV testing.ConclusionBioinformatics analysis shows that the IL17RD protein undergoing Gly701Ser mutation and is speculated to be phosphorylated and modified, thereby disrupting fibroblast growth factor signaling. This study also suggested that the CPEB4 might play a crucial role in the key signaling process affecting olfactory bulb morphogenesis. Overall, the findings of this study broaden the gene expression profile of KS-related pathogenic genes. This offers a new avenue for exploring the pathogenic mechanism of KS and provides valuable insights for precise clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies for this condition.
An ensemble deep learning diagnostic system for determining Clinical Activity Scores in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: integrating multi-view multimodal images from anterior segment slit-lamp photographs and facial images
Authors: Yan Chunfang , Zhang Zhaoxia , Zhang Guanghua , Liu Han , Zhang Ruiqi , Liu Guiqin , Rao Jing , Yang Weihua , Sun Bin 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is the most prevalent autoimmune orbital condition, significantly impacting patients’ appearance and quality of life. Early and accurate identification of active TAO along with timely treatment can enhance prognosis and reduce the occurrence of severe cases. Although the Clinical Activity Score (CAS) serves as an effective assessment system for TAO, it is susceptible to assessor experience bias. This study aimed to develop an ensemble deep learning system that combines anterior segment slit-lamp photographs of patients with facial images to simulate expert assessment of TAO.MethodThe study included 156 patients with TAO who underwent detailed diagnosis and treatment at Shanxi Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University from May 2020 to September 2023. Anterior segment slit-lamp photographs and facial images were used as different modalities and analyzed from multiple perspectives. Two ophthalmologists with more than 10 years of clinical experience independently determined the reference CAS for each image. An ensemble deep learning model based on the residual network was constructed under supervised learning to predict five key inflammatory signs (redness of the eyelids and conjunctiva, and swelling of the eyelids, conjunctiva, and caruncle or plica) associated with TAO, and to integrate these objective signs with two subjective symptoms (spontaneous retrobulbar pain and pain on attempted upward or downward gaze) in order to assess TAO activity.ResultsThe proposed model achieved 0.906 accuracy, 0.833 specificity, 0.906 precision, 0.906 recall, and 0.906 F1-score in active TAO diagnosis, demonstrating advanced performance in predicting CAS and TAO activity signs compared to conventional single-view unimodal approaches. The integration of multiple views and modalities, encompassing both anterior segment slit-lamp photographs and facial images, significantly improved the prediction accuracy of the model for TAO activity and CAS.ConclusionThe ensemble multi-view multimodal deep learning system developed in this study can more accurately assess the clinical activity of TAO than traditional methods that solely rely on facial images. This innovative approach is intended to enhance the efficiency of TAO activity assessment, providing a novel means for its comprehensive, early, and precise evaluation.
Testosterone does not mediate the correlation between dietary inflammation and serum klotho levels among males: insights from NHANES database
Authors: Du Siyu , Zhao Jieyi , Chou Xinyue , Peng Jingyu , Cao Qi , Zeng Yimiao , Ao Lu , Wang Xiaoyu 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionSerum Klotho (S-Klotho) is a transmembrane protein holds pivotal roles in anti-aging. The Dietary Inflammation Index (DII), a meticulously dietary tool, quantifies the inflammatory potential of an individual's diet. The existing research strongly suggests that a low DII diet plays a significant role in delaying aging and reducing aging-related symptoms in males. Testosterone could potentially act as a mediating intermediary between DII and S-Klotho. However, this aspect remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the potential causal link of testosterone between DII and S-Klotho in males.MethodsWe utilized data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) which focused on male participants from 2013-2016. Mediation analyses were used to investigate the effects of testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), and free androgen index (FAI) on the DII-S-Klotho relationship, using three modes adjusting for covariates.ResultsMediation analysis unveiled a significant inverse correlation between DII and S-Klotho levels (model 1: c = -14.78, p = 0.046). The interaction between DII and S-Klotho was modulated by TT in model 1 (ab = -1.36; 95% CI: -5.59, -0.55; p = 0.008), but lost significance after adjustments (model 2: ab = -0.39; 95% CI: -4.15, 1.66; p = 0.378; model 3: ab = -0.59; 95% CI: -4.08, 2.15; p = 0.442). For FT, the mediating impact was not statistically significant (model 1: ab = 0.43; 95% CI: -0.51, 5.44; p = 0.188; model 2: ab = 0.72; 95% CI: -0.26, 5.91; p = 0.136; model 3: ab = 0.84; 95% CI: -0.02, 8.06; p = 0.056). Conversely, FAI consistently influenced the DII-S-Klotho relationship (model 1: ab = 2.39; 95% CI: 0.69, 9.42; p = 0.002), maintaining significance after adjustments (model 2: ab = 3.2; 95% CI: 0.98, 11.72; p = 0.004; model 3: ab = 3.15; 95% CI: 0.89, 14.51; p = 0.026).DiscussionThis study observed no mediating influence of TT or FT on the correlation between DII and S-Klotho after covariate control. Remarkably, FAI continued to significantly mediate the DII-S-Klotho connection even following covariate adjustment, although its significance in males warrants careful consideration.