bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Breastfeeding In a Vietnamese Community: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Sutton Judy , He Meizi , Despard Caroline , Evans Anita 
Published: November 2007

Purpose: Vietnamese women's breastfeeding experience and challenges were explored, as were their families’ needs for prenatal and postpartum health professional programs and services. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in Middlesex- London, Ontario, using in-depth, semi-structured interviews in a heterogeneous sample of 11 Vietnamese mothers of children younger than two years. Diverse subject characteristics were sought in terms of parity, maternal age, infant age, marital status, education, employment, and breastfeeding initiation and duration. The 45- to 60-minute interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Research team members independently reviewed interview transcripts at several stages during data collection. Qualitative analysis was sequential, and involved a combination of editing and template organizing styles. Results: Lack of knowledge and misinformation were major barriers to breastfeeding. Inability to communicate in English and a lack of effective transportation were key obstacles to the women's ability to access mainstream prenatal and postpartum health programs and services. Standard nursing prenatal and postpartum services appear not to have reached this group of mothers effectively. Conclusions: Culturally and linguistically sensitive breastfeeding promotion and postpartum support services are needed for this Vietnamese community.
Le jeu de la prédication dans certains composés nominaux
Authors: Anscombre Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2007

Jean-Claude Anscombre: The role of predication in some French nominal compounds
The aim of this article is to account, in terms of 'deep predication' for syntactic and semantic properties of those of French nominal compounds N₁, N₂ that are not idioms. Such a word formation, extremely productive in Modern French, mainly provides terms that refer to subsets of things: N₁ à N₂ is a hyponym of N₁.
The study is carried out within the framework of the theory of linguistic stereotypes, especially as regards genericity. The first part is devoted to an examination of the possibility/impossibility for such nominals to be built up, and shows that it crucially depends on the existence of a peculiar generic connection between N₁ and N₂. The second part is an attempt to find out the conditions under which the N₂ of a compound noun N₁ à N₂ can be anaphorized by means of le N₂, son N₂, and en respectively. Once again, such possibilities are closely related to the above mentioned generic connection, especially as regards the type of (deep) predication involved.
Représentations discursives, point(s) de vue et signifié unique du conditionnel
Authors: Haillet Pierre Patrick 
Published: November 2007

Pierre Patrick Haillet : Discursive representation, viewpoint and the unique signified of the French conditional
Considering that any statement is a discoursive representation, this paper shows how such an approach accounts for various meanings of the French conditional: defined in terms of viewpoints on the corresponding state or event, they are seen as resulting from the interaction between a given context and what is defined as the basic, universal meaning of the verbal form. Most of the concepts used by the author originate from the « théorie polyphonique du discours » by Anscombre & Ducrot.
« Dictionnaires électroniques et traduction automatique »
Authors: Gross Maurice 
Published: November 2007

Maurice Gross : « Dictionnaires électroniques et traduction automatique »
Fourty years after the Georgetown historical experiment in Mechanical Translation, we review the trend and progress of the field. We discuss in particular the lack of a programme of construction of dictionaries and grammars. We show how this situation has hampered progress and we give samples of electronic dictionaries of French as they are currently used in a system of analysis of texts.
Sur le sens des proverbes
Authors: Kleiber Georges 
Published: November 2007

Georges Kleiber (Universite de Strasbourg) : On the Semantics of Proverbs
Is there any hope of building an adequate semantics for proverbs ? The aim of this paper is to give a positive answer to this question. It is indeed possible to define what a proverb is, semantically speaking. Our characterization lies on two basic claims. The first is that a proverb has the status of a sentential denomination with generic import. The second shows that his semantic structure always conveys an implication which relies two situations involving humans. We can thus predict the constraints which must be satisfied by a generic sentence to become a proverb and, at the same time, explain the metaphorical character of
certain proverbs and also the synecdochic mechanism in other proverbs.
No evidence for interaction between MAOA and childhood adversity for antisocial behavior
Authors: Prichard Zoë , Mackinnon Andrew , Jorm Anthony F. , Easteal Simon 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPrevious reports have identified an interaction between an MAOA promoter polymorphism and childhood adversity for antisocial behavioral outcomes in males. This study attempted to replicate this finding in an Australian community survey of 1,002 Caucasian men aged 20–24 years. Greater childhood adversity was associated with later antisocial behavior, but no association was observed between MAOA genotype and antisocial behavior, and no interaction was found between childhood adversity and MAOA genotype for antisocial behavior. This study does not support previous reports of an interaction between MAOA genotype and childhood adversity for antisocial behavior in males. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adsorption of trypsin onto magnetic ion‐exchange beads of poly(glycidylmethacrylate‐co‐ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate)
Authors: Arica M. Yakup , Akyol Ali Berkan , Bayramoğlu Gülay 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMagnetic beads were prepared from glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), and ethyleneglycol dimethylmethacrylate (EGDMA) in the presence of Fe3O4 nano‐powder via suspension polymerization. The magnetic beads were characterized by surface area measurement, electron spin resonance (ESR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ESR data revealed that the beads were highly super‐paramagnetic. The effects of contact time, pH, ionic strength, and temperature on the adsorption process have been studied. Adsorption equilibrium was established in about 120 min. The maximum adsorption of trypsin on the magnetic beads was obtained as 84.96 mg g−1 at around pH 7.0. At increased ionic strength, the contribution of the electrostatic component to the overall binding decreased, and so the adsorption capacity. The experimental equilibrium data obtained trypsin adsorption onto magnetic beads fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model. The result of kinetic analyzed for trypsin adsorption onto magnetic ion‐exchange beads showed that the second order rate equation was favorable. It was observed that after six adsorption–elution cycle, magnetic beads can be used without significant loss in trypsin adsorption capacity. Finally, the magnetic beads were used for separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and trypsin from binary solution in a batch system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Miscibility and properties of completely biodegradable blends of poly(propylene carbonate) and poly(butylene succinate)
Authors: Pang M. Z. , Qiao J. J. , Jiao J. , Wang S. J. , Xiao M. , Meng Y. Z. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCompletely biodegradable blends of poly (propylene carbonate) (PPC) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were melt‐prepared and then compression‐molded. The miscibilities of the two aliphatic polyesters, that is, PPC and PBS, were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The static mechanical properties, thermal behaviors, crystalline behavior, and melt flowability of the blends were also studied. Static tensile tests showed that the yield strength and the strength at break increased remarkably up to 30.7 and 46.3 MPa, respectively, with the incorporation of PBS. The good ductility of the blends was maintained in view of the large elongation at break. SEM observation revealed a two‐phase structure with good interfacial adhesion. The immiscibility of the two components was verified by the two independent glass‐transition temperatures obtained from DMA tests. Moreover, thermogravimetric measurements indicated that the thermal decomposition temperatures (T−5% and T−10%) of the PPC/PBS blends increased dramatically by 30–60°C when compared with PPC matrix. The melt flow indices of the blends showed that the introduction of PBS improved the melt flowability of the blends. The blending of PPC with PBS provided a practical way to develop completely biodegradable blends with applicable comprehensive properties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Temperature sensitive semi‐IPN microspheres from sodium alginate and N‐isopropylacrylamide for controlled release of 5‐fluorouracil
Authors: Mallikarjuna Reddy K. , Ramesh Babu V. , Krishna Rao K. S. V. , Subha M. C. S. , Chowdoji Rao K. , Sairam M. , Aminabhavi T. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSemi‐interpenetrating network (IPN) of sodium alginate (NaAlg) and N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) microspheres were prepared by water‐in‐oil (w/o) emulsification method. The microspheres were encapsulated with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and release patterns carried in 7.4 pH at temperatures of 25 and 37°C. The semi‐IPN microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopic studies were done on the drug‐loaded microspheres to confirm the polymorphism of 5‐FU and surface morphology of microspheres. These results indicated the molecular level dispersion of 5‐FU in the semi‐IPN microspheres. Particle size and size distribution were studied by laser light diffraction technique. Microspheres exhibited release of 5‐FU up to 12 h. The swelling studies were carried in 1.2 and 7.4 pH buffer media at 25 and 37°C. Drug release from NaAlg‐NIPAAm semi‐IPN microspheres at 25 and 37°C confirmed the thermosensitive nature by in vitro dissolution. The micro domains have released in a controlled manner due the presence of NIPAAm in the matrix. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Effects of carbon nanofibers on crystalline structures and properties of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene blend fabricated using twin‐screw extrusion
Authors: Ren X. , Wang X. Q. , Sui G. , Zhong W. H. , Fuqua M. A. , Ulven C. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMelt mixing in an extruder with polymers is an effective approach for forming nanocomposites, allowing mass production applications. The intent of this study is to investigate carbon nanofiber composites with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) matrix using the twin‐screw extruder. To decrease the high viscosity of UHMWPE, a low density polyethylene (LDPE) was added into the UHMWPE. The effects of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on the crystalline structures and properties of the nanocomposites were analyzed. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements showed the addition of CNFs decreases the degree of crystallinity, but does not impart significant effects on the crystalline structure of the UHMWPE/LDPE blend. Tensile test results showed that the nanocomposite with loading of 3 wt % CNFs had an increase of 38% in tensile strength and 15% in modulus. The thermal stability and thermal conductivity of UHMWPE/LDPE blends were also enhanced by the addition of CNFs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Pharmacokinetics of phenytoin and its metabolite, 4′‐HPPH, after intravenous and oral administration of phenytoin to diabetic rats induced by alloxan or streptozotocin
Authors: Kim Yu C. , Kang Hee E. , Lee Myung G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIt has been reported that diabetic patients have an increased risk of developing epileptic convulsions compared with the non‐diabetic population, and phenytoin has widely been used for neuralgia in diabetic neuropathy. It has also been reported that in both diabetic rats induced by alloxan (DMIA rats) and by streptozotocin (DMIS rats), the protein expression and mRNA level of 2C11 decreased, but in DMIS rats, the protein expression of CYP2C6 increased. Thus, the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin and 4′‐HPPH were investigated after intravenous or oral administration of phenytoin at a dose of 25 mg/kg to DMIA and DMIS rats. After intravenous or oral administration of phenytoin, theAUC(orAUC0–12 h) values of both phenytoin and 4′‐HPPH were comparable (not significantly different) between each diabetic and the respective control rats. Although the exact reason is not clear, this could have been due to opposite protein expression (and/or mRNA levels) of CYP2C6 and 2C11 in diabetic rats. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Platinum Phenanthroimidazole Complexes as G‐Quadruplex DNA Selective Binders
Authors: Kieltyka Roxanne , Fakhoury Johans , Moitessier Nicolas , Sleiman Hanadi F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractComplexes that bind and stabilize G‐quadruplex DNA structures are of significant interest due to their potential to inhibit telomerase and halt tumor cell proliferation. We here report the synthesis of the first PtII G‐quadruplex selective molecules, containing π‐extended phenanthroimidazole ligands. Binding studies of these complexes with duplex and quadruplex d(T4G4T4)4 DNA were performed. Intercalation to duplex DNA was established through UV/Vis titration, CD spectroscopy, and thermal denaturation studies. Significantly stronger binding affinity of these phenanthroimidazole PtII complexes to G‐quadruplex DNA was observed by UV/Vis spectroscopy and competitive equilibrium dialysis studies. Observed binding constants to quadruplex DNA were nearly two orders of magnitude greater than for duplex DNA. Circular dichroism studies show that an increase in π‐surface leads to a significant increase in the thermal stability of the PtII/quadruplex DNA complex. The match in the π‐surface of these phenanthroimidazole PtII complexes with quadruplex DNA was further substantiated by molecular modeling studies. Numerous favorable π‐stacking interactions with the large aromatic surface of the intermolecular G‐quadruplex, and unforeseen hydrogen bonds between the ancillary ethylenediamine ligands and the quadruplex phosphate backbone are predicted. Thus, both biological and computational studies suggest that coupling the square‐planar geometry of PtII with π‐extended ligands results in a simple and modular method to create effective G‐quadruplex selective binders, which can be readily optimized for use in telomerase‐based antitumor therapy.
Dispirofluorene–Indenofluorene Derivatives as New Building Blocks for Blue Organic Electroluminescent Devices and Electroactive Polymers
Authors: Poriel Cyril , Liang Jing‐Jing , Rault‐Berthelot Joëlle , Barrière Frédéric , Cocherel Nicolas , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Horhant David , Virboul Morgane , Alcaraz Gilles , Audebrand Nathalie , Vignau Laurence , Huby Nolwenn , Wantz Guillaume , Hirsch Lionel 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA series of new dispiro[fluorene‐9′,6,9′′,12‐indeno[1,2b]fluorenes] (DSF‐IFs) has been synthesised. These new building blocks for blue‐light‐emitting devices and electroactive polymers combine indenofluorene (IF) and spirobifluorene (SBF) properties. We report here our synthetic investigations towards these new structures and their thermal, structural, photophysical and electrochemical properties. These properties have been compared to those of IF and SBF. We also report the anodic oxidation of DSF‐IFs that leads to the formation of non‐soluble transparent three‐dimensional polymers. The structural and electrochemical behaviour of these polymers has been studied. The first application of these building blocks as new blue‐light‐emitting materials in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLED) is also reported.
Thixotropic Twin‐Dendritic Organogelators
Authors: Percec Virgil , Peterca Mihai , Yurchenko Michael E. , Rudick Jonathan G. , Heiney Paul A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwin‐dendritic organogelators have been prepared through selective functionalization of N‐(3‐aminopropyl)‐1,3‐propanediamine (APPDA) with self‐assembling dendrons by using 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole (CDI). Subsequent modification of the APPDA linker provided an additional degree of structural diversity by which to tailor the gelator self‐assembly in bulk or in the gel state. These compounds are able to gel cyclohexane, toluene, n‐butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and tetrahydrofuran. 3,4‐Disubstituted apical branching units provided the most efficient organogelators and show a propensity to form thixotropic gels, wherein the gel recovers its elasticity after being subjected to shear. Structural and retrostructural analysis of the twin‐dendritic organogelators reveals the bulk structural characteristics to be indicative of the subsequent gel properties. Diverse self‐organized arrays were identified in bulk and all are able to form gels, thus indicating the role of quasiequivalence in mediating self‐assembly in the gel state. Furthermore, we have found that porous columnar mesophases provide a strategy by which to prepare thixotropic gels. We demonstrate the importance of weak lateral hydrogen bonding within a column stratum versus hydrogen bonding along the length of the column for forming porous columnar mesophases and, by extension, thixotropic gels.
The investment nature of income trusts and their role in diversified portfolios
Authors: Cleary Sean , MacKinnon Greg 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe examine the investment characteristics of income trusts to explore their role within a portfolio as well as to clarify the on‐going political debate surrounding income trusts. Results show that income trusts exhibited risk‐adjusted performance that far outperformed equities and bonds during our sample period. We adopt a multifactor return generating process for ex‐post income trust returns to quantify the degree to which they are influenced by bond‐ and stock‐related effects. The relationship between trust returns and bond returns is very weak, whereas the relationship between trust returns and stock returns is quite strong. We conclude that while income trusts appear indistinct from equities as an asset class, they significantly expand the efficient set. Copyright © 2007 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of (R,S)‐9‐(2,3‐Dihydro‐1,4‐Benzoxathiin‐3‐ylmethyl)‐9H‐Purines
Authors: Díaz‐Gavilán Mónica , Conejo‐García Ana , Cruz‐López Olga , Núñez María C. , Choquesillo‐Lazarte Duane , González‐Pérez Josefa M. , Rodríguez‐Serrano Fernando , Marchal Juan A. , Aránega Antonia , Gallo Miguel A. , Espinosa Antonio , Campos Joaquín M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA series of eleven 2‐ and 6‐substituted (R,S)‐9‐(2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐benzoxathiin‐3‐ylmethyl)‐9H‐purine derivatives was obtained by applying a standard Mitsunobu protocol that led to a six‐membered ring contraction from (R,S)‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,5‐benzoxathiepin‐3‐ol via an episulfonium intermediate. The signal ∼δ=151 ppm, which corresponds to the C4′ carbon atom, is unequivocal proof of the N9′ regioisomer. The potential of the target molecules as anticancer agents is reflected in their activity against the MCF‐7 cancer cell line. The most active compounds have IC50 values of (6.18±1.70) and (8.97±0.83) μM. The results indicate that the anticancer activity for the most active compounds is correlated with their capacity to induce apoptosis.
Sila‐Haloperidol, a Silicon Analogue of the Dopamine (D2) Receptor Antagonist Haloperidol: Synthesis, Pharmacological Properties, and Metabolic Fate
Authors: Tacke Reinhold , Popp Friedrich , Müller Barbara , Theis Bastian , Burschka Christian , Hamacher Alexandra , Kassack Matthias U. , Schepmann Dirk , Wünsch Bernhard , Jurva Ulrik , Wellner Eric 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHaloperidol (1 a), a dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist, is in clinical use as an antipsychotic agent. Carbon/silicon exchange (sila‐substitution) at the 4‐position of the piperidine ring of1 a(R3COH → R3SiOH) leads to sila‐haloperidol (1 b). Sila‐haloperidol was synthesized in a new multistep synthesis, starting from tetramethoxysilane and taking advantage of the properties of the 2,4,6‐trimethoxyphenyl unit as a unique protecting group for silicon. The pharmacological profiles of the C/Si analogues1 aand1 bwere studied in competitive receptor binding assays at D1–D5,σ1, and σ2receptors. Sila‐haloperidol (1 b) exhibits significantly different receptor subtype selectivities from haloperidol (1 a) at both receptor families. The C/Si analogues1 aand1 bwere also studied for 1) their physicochemical properties (log D, pKa, solubility in HBSS buffer (pH 7.4)), 2) their permeability in a human Caco‐2 model, 3) their pharmacokinetic profiles in human and rat liver microsomes, and 4) their inhibition of the five major cytochrome P450 isoforms. In addition, the major in vitro metabolites of sila‐haloperidol (1 b) in human liver microsomes were identified using mass‐spectrometric techniques. Due to the special chemical properties of silicon, the metabolic fates of the C/Si analogues1 aand1 bare totally different.
Osteopontin as a molecular prognostic marker for melanoma
Authors: Rangel Javier , Nosrati Mehdi , Torabian Sima , Shaikh Ladan , Leong Stanley P. L. , Haqq Chris , Miller James R. , Sagebiel Richard W. , Kashani‐Sabet Mohammed 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Osteopontin has been suggested as a marker of disease progression in patients with melanoma because of its overexpression in recent microarray analyses. However, its prognostic role in melanoma has not been fully defined.METHODS.Osteopontin expression status was examined using immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray that contained primary cutaneous melanomas from 345 patients. The correlation between osteopontin expression and several histologic markers for melanoma was assessed by using the Chi‐square test and the Le directional test. The impact of osteopontin expression on recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) of patients with melanoma was examined using Cox regression and Kaplan‐Meier analyses. The impact of increasing osteopontin expression on sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis was assessed using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS.High osteopontin expression was associated with increased tumor thickness (P = .037), Clark level (P = .035), and mitotic index (P = .046). Kaplan‐Meier analysis demonstrated an association between osteopontin expression and reduced RFS (P < .03) and DSS (P = .05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that high osteopontin immunostaining had an independent impact on the DSS of this melanoma cohort (P = .049). In addition, osteopontin expression was significantly predictive of SLN metastasis (P = .009) and SLN burden, as assessed by the mean number of SLN metastases (P = .0025). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated an independent role for osteopontin expression in predicting SLN status (P = .0062).CONCLUSIONS.The current results validated the role of osteopontin as an independent prognostic marker for melanoma and provided new evidence for its predictive role in melanoma lymph node metastasis. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.