bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ВЛИЯНИЕ ОРОШЕНИЯ И УДОБРЕНИЙ НА УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ РИСА В УСЛОВИЯХ КЫЗЫЛОРДИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Олжабаева Аксауле , Байманов Жанузак , Умбетова Шолпан , Шегенбаев Абзал , Айбекқызы Акбөпе 
Published: April 2024

В роcте валовых cборов и урожайноcть риcа важнейшая роль принадлежит минеральным удобрениям. Отзывчивоcть риcа на наличие питательных вещеcтв объяcняетcя его потенциально биологичеcкой cпоcобноcтью к формированию выcокого урожая, а также интенcивноcтью тех процеccов, которые протекают в затопленной почве. На cпоcобноcть риcа cоздавать выcокие урожаи показывает опыт лучших маcтеров риcоводcтва и передовых хозяйcтв.
В наcтоящее время во многих cтранах риcоcеющих cтранах мира возраcтает общее количеcтво применяемых под риc удобрений. От применения полного минерального удобрения урожайноcть cоcтавляет от 50 до 70% по cравнению c неудобренными учаcтками. При этом наблюдаетcя выcокая окупаемоcть урожаем.
Можно отметить прямую завиcимоcть величины урожая от общего количеcтва вноcимых удобрений. В тех cтранах, где применяют NPKв раcчете 100 кг/га и более, урожайноcть риcа не бывает ниже 35 ц/га. Из cельcкохозяйcтвенных культур, возделываемых в Кызылординcкой облаcти, лучше вcех обеcпечен элементами минерального питания риc. При cовременном уровне применения удобрений его урожай мог бы быть значительно выше. Недоcтаточную эффективноcть удобрений, применяемых на поcевах риcа, можно объяcнить нарушением рекомендаций по их рациональному применению. Неравномерное раcпределение минеральных удобрений по поверхноcти чека при внеcении их перед поcевом и в период вегетации, потери при первоначальном затоплении, неcоблюдение cоотношения NPK, нарушения оптимальных cроков внеcения и оcобенно проведения вегетационных подкормок приводят к низкому коэффициенту иcпользования азота, фоcфора и калия из минеральных удобрений. Дальнейшее повышение плодородия почвы и обеcпечение на этой оcнове роcта урожайноcти риcа являетcя повышение эффективноcти внеcения минеральных удобрений. На риcовых cиcтемах Казахcкого научно-иccледовательcкого инcтитута риcоводcтва имени Ибрая Жахаева (КазНИИ риcоводcтва) в 2016 году на 42 га проводилиcь полевые опыты по нормам и cрокам внеcения минеральных удобрений N120Р90К60; N150Р90К60; N180Р90К60. При cущеcтвующих фондах применяемых удобрений, для повышения продуктивноcти cельcкохозяйcтвенных культур, риc выращивали c применением трех доз удобрений. Технология выращивания риcа, общепринятая для зоны.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ КАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ СМУЗИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ НАПРАВЛЕННОСТИ НА ОСНОВЕ ПЛОДОВ БАХЧЕВЫХ КУЛЬТУР
Authors: Еренова Бибипатыма , Алмаганбетова Айгуль 
Published: April 2024

Органолептические показатели оптимальных композиций смузи на основе плодов бахчевых культур с обогащающими добавками растительного происхождения исследованы в условиях Научно-образовательного инновационного центра технологий и качества пищевых продуктов Казахского национального аграрного исследовательского университета в период производственных испытаний технологий. Разработанные композиции смузи подвергались органолептической оценке с использованием системы подсчета баллов. При органолептическом анализе дегустационной комиссией применялась оценка от 1 до 10 баллов с шагом 0,5, соответствующая качеству продукта при исследовании каждого показателя, обладающего весовым коэффициентом: вкус – 0,2; запах – 0,35; цвет – 0,2; консистенция – 0,25. Общий балл органолептической оценки композиции смузи функциональной направленности на основе плодов бахчевых культур представлен в виде профилограмм.
Самая высокая органолептическая оценка предоставлена смузи на основе дыни «Очищающий», который обладает насыщенным темно-фиолетовым цветом, отчетливо выраженным ароматом черники и дыни, приятным вкусом черники с нотками дыни и сливы, однородной и нежной консистенцией.
Органолептическую оценку в пределах 9,7-9,8 баллов показали композиции смузи «Мочегонный», «Желчегонный» и «Успокаивающий».
Наименьшую оценку органолептических показателей получил смузи на дынно-тыквенной основе «Тонизирующий», обладающий необычной ярко-зеленой окраской, сладковато-дынно-травянистым привкусом, отчетливо выраженным дынно-шпинатным ароматом, однородной и легкой консистенцией.
Исследования по определению физико-химических показателей, таких как массовая доля белка, жира, углеводов, сухих веществ, титруемая кислотность, витамины С и β-каротин, кальций, магний и железо проведены в условиях аккредитованной испытательной лаборатории ТОО «НУТРИТЕСТ».
JWST COMPASS: NIRSpec/G395H Transmission Observations of the Super-Earth TOI-836b
Authors: Alderson Lili , Batalha Natasha E. , Wakeford Hannah R. , Wallack Nicole L. , Aguichine Artyom , Teske Johanna , Adams Redai Jea , Alam Munazza K. , Batalha Natalie M. , Gao Peter , Kirk James , López-Morales Mercedes , Moran Sarah E. , Scarsdale Nicholas , Wogan Nicholas F. , Wolfgang Angie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present two transit observations of the ∼870 K, 1.7 R
⊕ super-Earth TOI-836b with JWST NIRSpec/G395H, resulting in a 2.8–5.2 μm transmission spectrum. Using two different reduction pipelines, we obtain a median transit depth precision of 34 ppm for Visit 1 and 36 ppm for Visit 2, leading to a combined precision of 25 ppm in spectroscopic channels 30 pixels wide (∼0.02 μm). We find that the transmission spectrum from both visits is well fit by a zero-sloped line, by fitting zero-sloped and sloped lines as well as step functions to our data. Combining both visits, we are able to rule out atmospheres with metallicities <250 times solar for an opaque pressure level of 0.1 bar, corresponding to mean molecular weights of ≲6 g mol−1. We therefore conclude that TOI-836b does not have an H2-dominated atmosphere, in possible contrast with its larger, exterior sibling planet, TOI-836 c. We recommend that future proposals to observe small planets exercise caution when requiring specific numbers of transits to rule out physical scenarios, particularly for high metallicities and planets around bright host stars, as PandExo predictions appear to be more optimistic than what the gains from additional transits implied by our data suggest.
Upadacitinib in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Inadequate Response to Conventional Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs: Efficacy and Safety Through 5 Years (SELECT-NEXT)
Authors: Burmester Gerd R. , Van den Bosch Filip , Tesser John , Shmagel Anna , Liu Yanxi , Khan Nasser , Camp Heidi S. , Kivitz Alan 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo report 5-year efficacy and safety of upadacitinib (UPA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from the phase III long-term extension (LTE) of SELECT-NEXT.MethodsPatients on stable conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were randomized to UPA 15 mg once daily (QD), UPA 30 mg QD, or placebo for 12 weeks. Following this, placebo-randomized patients were switched to UPA 15 mg QD or UPA 30 mg QD in the LTE; UPA-randomized patients continued their original dose. Blinding remained until dose switching from UPA 30 mg QD to UPA 15 mg QD because of approval of UPA 15 mg QD; the earliest switch occurred at week 168. Efficacy (as observed) and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) are reported through 5 years.ResultsOverall, 611 (92%) randomized patients entered the LTE; 271 (44%) discontinued the study drug by 5 years, primarily because of adverse events (16%). Clinical outcomes improved or were maintained at 5 years; 51% and 43% of patients achieved Clinical Disease Activity Index remission and 75% and 66% achieved Disease Activity Score in 28 joints based on C-reactive protein < 2.6 among those initially randomized to UPA 15 mg QD and UPA 30 mg QD, respectively. Proportions of patients achieving ≥ 20%/50%/70% improvement in American College of Rheumatology criteria responses increased from week 60 through 5 years. Results were similar regardless of initial randomization to UPA or placebo. TEAEs, including TEAEs of special interest, were consistent with earlier analyses and other SELECT studies. Malignancies (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer), major adverse cardiovascular events, and venous thromboembolic events were reported infrequently. No new safety signals were observed.ConclusionThe 5-year benefit-risk profile for UPA in RA remains favorable. (SELECT-NEXT; ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02675426)
Cut-Offs for Disease Activity States in Axial Spondyloarthritis With Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) Based on C-Reactive Protein and ASDAS Based on Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: Are They Interchangeable?
Authors: Georgiadis Stylianos , Ørnbjerg Lykke Midtbøll , Michelsen Brigitte , Kvien Tore K. , Di Giuseppe Daniela , Wallman Johan K. , Závada Jakub , Provan Sella A. , Kristianslund Eirik Klami , Rodrigues Ana Maria , Santos Maria José , Rotar Žiga , Pirkmajer Katja Perdan , Nordström Dan , Macfarlane Gary J. , Jones Gareth T. , van der Horst-Bruinsma Irene , Hellamand Pasoon , Østergaard Mikkel , Hetland Merete Lund 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveAnkylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score based on C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP) is recommended over ASDAS based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ASDAS-ESR) to assess disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Although ASDAS-CRP and ASDAS-ESR are not interchangeable, the same disease activity cut-offs are used for both. We aimed to estimate optimal ASDAS-ESR values corresponding to the established ASDAS-CRP cut-offs (1.3, 2.1, and 3.5) and investigate the potential improvement of level of agreement between ASDAS-ESR and ASDAS-CRP disease activity states when applying these estimated cut-offs.MethodsWe used data from patients with axSpA from 9 European registries initiating a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor. ASDAS-ESR cut-offs were estimated using the Youden index. The level of agreement between ASDAS-ESR and ASDAS-CRP disease activity states was compared against each other.ResultsIn 3664 patients, mean ASDAS-CRP was higher than ASDAS-ESR at both baseline (3.6 and 3.4, respectively) and aggregated follow-up at 6, 12, or 24 months (1.9 and 1.8, respectively). The estimated ASDAS-ESR values corresponding to the established ASDAS-CRP cut-offs were 1.4, 1.9, and 3.3. By applying these cut-offs, the proportion of discordance between disease activity states according to ASDAS-ESR and ASDAS-CRP decreased from 22.93% to 19.81% in baseline data but increased from 27.17% to 28.94% in follow-up data.ConclusionWe estimated the optimal ASDAS-ESR values corresponding to the established ASDAS-CRP cut-off values. However, applying the estimated cut-offs did not increase the level of agreement between ASDAS-ESR and ASDAS-CRP disease activity states to a relevant degree. Our findings did not provide evidence to reject the established cut-off values for ASDAS-ESR.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE HAMBURGUERES COM BAIXOS TEORES DE GORDURA COM SUBPRODUTOS DE COGUMELO (Agaricus bisporus) E SOJA (Glycine max)
Authors: Valério Taynara Pacheco , Carneiro Ana Caroline , Vale Paola Slobodzian do , Voorsluys Amanda , Bolanho Beatriz Cervejeira , Los Paulo Ricardo , Marinho Marina Tolentino , Sydney Eduardo Bittencourt , Danesi Eliane Dalva Godoy 
Published: April 2024

Produtos cárneos, na sua maioria, estão associados a uma imagem negativa por seus teores elevados de sódio, gorduras e aditivos sintéticos, apresentando alta densidade energética. Apesar da produção significativa de cogumelos Agaricus bisporus (Champignon Paris) parte é subvalorizada, havendo dificuldades na comercialização por não atender atributos de aparência para consumo fresco. Da mesma forma, na produção de extratos hidrossolúveis de soja obtém-se um subproduto que pode ser processado na forma de uma farinha denominada okara e o aproveitamento desses materiais deve ser estimulado. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da substituição parcial da carne bovina por farinhas de cogumelos e okara em formulações de hambúrgueres. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas, sensoriais e tecnológicas de cinco formulações, sendo quatro delas substituindo parte da carne pelas farinhas e uma só de carne. Verificou-se aumento no rendimento, diminuição do encolhimento e textura mais macia com a incorporação das farinhas, por proporcionarem maior capacidade de retenção de água nos hambúrgueres. No entanto, a formulação exclusivamente de carne teve maiores teores de proteínas e lipídios. Não houve oxidação do produto durante 30 dias congelados. A aceitação sensorial foi maior que 70%, não apresentando diferença significativa da formulação composta de 100% carne bovina.
Bhlhe40 Promotes CD4+ T Helper 1 Cell and Suppresses T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation during Viral Infection
Authors: Nguyen Christine , Kudek Matthew , Zander Ryan , Niu Hongshen , Shen Jian , Bauer Ashley , Alson Donia , Khatun Achia , Chen Yao , Sun Jie , Drobyski William , Edelson Brian T , Cui Weiguo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In response to acute infection, naive CD4+ T cells primarily differentiate into T helper 1 (Th1) or T follicular helper (Tfh) cells that play critical roles in orchestrating cellular or humoral arms of immunity, respectively. However, despite the well established role of T-bet and BCL-6 in driving Th1 and Tfh cell lineage commitment, respectively, whether additional transcriptional circuits also underlie the fate bifurcation of Th1 and Tfh cell subsets is not fully understood. In this article, we study how the transcriptional regulator Bhlhe40 dictates the Th1/Tfh differentiation axis in mice. CD4+ T cell–specific deletion of Bhlhe40 abrogates Th1 but augments Tfh differentiation. We also assessed an increase in germinal center B cells and Ab production, suggesting that deletion of Bhlhe40 in CD4+ T cells not only alters Tfh differentiation but also their capacity to provide help to B cells. To identify molecular mechanisms by which Bhlhe40 regulates Th1 versus Tfh lineage choice, we first performed epigenetic profiling in the virus specific Th1 and Tfh cells following LCMV infection, which revealed distinct promoter and enhancer activities between the two helper cell lineages. Furthermore, we identified that Bhlhe40 directly binds to cis-regulatory elements of Th1-related genes such as Tbx21 and Cxcr6 to activate their expression while simultaneously binding to regions of Tfh-related genes such as Bcl6 and Cxcr5 to repress their expression. Collectively, our data suggest that Bhlhe40 functions as a transcription activator to promote Th1 cell differentiation and a transcription repressor to suppress Tfh cell differentiation.
Iron Is Critical for Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Metabolism and Effector Functions
Authors: Ryan Eimear K , Clutter Christy , De Barra Conor , Jenkins Benjamin J , O’Shaughnessy Simon , Ryan Odhrán K , McKenna Chloe , Heneghan Helen M , Walsh Fiona , Finlay David K , Sinclair Linda V , Jones Nicholas , Leung Daniel T , O’Shea Donal , Hogan Andrew E 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells are a population of innate T cells that play a critical role in host protection against bacterial and viral pathogens. Upon activation, MAIT cells can rapidly respond via both TCR-dependent and -independent mechanisms, resulting in robust cytokine production. The metabolic and nutritional requirements for optimal MAIT cell effector responses are still emerging. Iron is an important micronutrient and is essential for cellular fitness, in particular cellular metabolism. Iron is also critical for many pathogenic microbes, including those that activate MAIT cells. However, iron has not been investigated with respect to MAIT cell metabolic or functional responses. In this study, we show that human MAIT cells require exogenous iron, transported via CD71 for optimal metabolic activity in MAIT cells, including their production of ATP. We demonstrate that restricting iron availability by either chelating environmental iron or blocking CD71 on MAIT cells results in impaired cytokine production and proliferation. These data collectively highlight the importance of a CD71-iron axis for human MAIT cell metabolism and functionality, an axis that may have implications in conditions where iron availability is limited.
Regulation of Tumor Dendritic Cells by Programmed Cell Death 1 Pathways
Authors: Knutson Keith L 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The advent of immune checkpoint blockade therapy has revolutionized cancer treatments and is partly responsible for the significant decline in cancer-related mortality observed during the last decade. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti–programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), have demonstrated remarkable clinical successes in a subset of cancer patients. However, a considerable proportion of patients remain refractory to immune checkpoint blockade, prompting the exploration of mechanisms of treatment resistance. Whereas much emphasis has been placed on the role of PD-L1 and PD-1 in regulating the activity of tumor-infiltrating T cells, recent studies have now shown that this immunoregulatory axis also directly regulates myeloid cell activity in the tumor microenvironment including tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells. In this review, I discuss the most recent advances in the understanding of how PD-1, PD-L1, and programmed cell death ligand 2 regulate the function of tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells, emphasizing the need for further mechanistic studies that could facilitate the development of novel combination immunotherapies for improved cancer patient benefit.
Evidence-Based Practices for Interviewing Graduate Medical Education Applicants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lin John C. , Hu Daniel J. , Scott Ingrid U. , Greenberg Paul B. 
Published: April 2024

Background Although the selection interview is a standard admission practice for graduate medical education (GME) programs in the United States, there is a dearth of recent reviews on optimizing the trainee interview process, which has low reliability, high cost, and major risk of bias.
Objective To investigate the evidence base for different selection interview practices in GME.
Methods We searched 4 literature databases from inception through September 2022. Two investigators independently conducted title/abstract screening, full-text review, data extraction, and quality assessment. Disagreements were mediated by discussion. We used backward reference searching of included articles to identify additional studies. We included studies of different interview methods and excluded literature reviews, non-GME related publications, and studies comparing different applicant populations. We examined study characteristics, applicant and interviewer preferences, and interview format. We evaluated study quality using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI).
Results Of 2192 studies, 39 (2%) met our inclusion criteria. The evidence base was rated as moderately low quality using MERSQI criteria. Applicants reported preferences for several one-on-one interviews lasting 15 to 20 minutes, interviews by current trainees, and interviews including social events with only trainees. Applicants had mixed perceptions of virtual versus in-person interviews and reported that virtual interviews saved costs. The multiple mini interview (MMI) required more applicant and interviewer time than individual interviews but demonstrated construct and predictive validity and was preferred by applicants and interviewers.
Conclusions Based on moderately low-quality evidence, using the MMI, training interviewers, and providing applicants with basic program information in advance should be considered for GME selection interviews.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Situational Judgment Testing Among Applicants to an Anesthesiology Residency Program
Authors: Rosales Victoria , Conley Christopher , Norris Mark C. 
Published: April 2024

Background The Computer-Based Assessment for Sampling Personal Characteristics (CASPer) is a situational judgment test (SJT) that assesses noncognitive skills like professionalism, communication, and empathy. There are no reports of the effects of race/ethnicity and sex on CASPer scores among residency applicants.
Objective We examined the effects of race/ethnicity, sex, and United States vs international medical school attendance on CASPer performance.
Methods Our anesthesiology residency program required all applicants for the 2021-2022 Match cycle to complete an online video and text-based SJT (CASPer). We compared these results, reported as z-scores, with self-identified race/ethnicity, sex, United States vs international medical school attendance, and United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 scores.
Results Of the 1245 applicants who completed CASPer, 783 identified as male. The racial/ethnic distribution was 512 White, 412 Asian, 106 Black, 126 Hispanic, and 89 Other/No Answer. CASPer z-scores did not differ by sex. White candidates scored higher than Black (0.18 vs -0.57, P&lt;.001) and Hispanic (0.18 vs -0.52, P&lt;.001) candidates. Applicants attending US medical schools scored higher than those attending international medical schools (z-scores: 0.15 vs -0.68, P&lt;.001). There was no correlation between CASPer z-scores and USMLE Step 1 scores.
Conclusions Our results suggest that CASPer scores favor White applicants over Black and Hispanic ones and applicants attending US medical schools over those attending international medical schools.
Motivations for Entrustable Professional Activity Assessment: Gaps Between Curriculum Theory and Resident Reality
Authors: Dhami Neil , Hamza Deena M. , Daniels Vijay J. 
Published: April 2024

Background Previous research demonstrates mixed reactions from residents toward competency-based medical education (CBME), and entrustable professional activities (EPAs) specifically. However, understanding what motivates residents to obtain EPAs may be vital to the longevity of CBME, given the emphasis on assessment for learning under this paradigm.
Objective This study explored resident perspectives across 3 domains: motivation for obtaining EPAs, perceived importance of EPAs, and overall thoughts on CBME curriculum.
Methods This was a sequential exploratory mixed-methods study involving 2 phases of data collection. Phase 1 was semi-structured interviews with residents enrolled in CBME at one Canadian institution from November 2019 to July 2020. Analyses included thematic and manifest content analysis. Phase 2 was an electronic close-ended survey to capture residents’ primary motivation for requesting EPAs and importance of EPAs for learning. Survey data were analyzed descriptively.
Results Of 120 eligible residents, 25 (21%) and 107 (89%) participated in the interview and survey, respectively. Program requirement was the dominant motivation for obtaining EPAs. There was variability in perceived importance of EPAs on learning. Increased resident workload, gaming the system to maximize EPA scores, and lack of shared ownership from preceptors were cited as critiques of the curriculum. Survey responses corroborated interview findings.
Conclusions Although many residents recognize the value of EPAs, the majority are not intrinsically motivated to seek out assessment under the current CBME framework.