bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmentally acceptable benzyl alcohol‐hydrogen peroxide chemical depainting agents
Authors: Hall Freddie E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center (OC‐ALC) has historically used large amounts of methylene chloride/phenol‐based chemical strippers to depaint aircraft. EPA has targeted these chemical depainting agents for elimination. For years, OC‐ALC engineers have been aggressively evaluating environmentally acceptable (EA) chemical strippers for replacing methylene chloride and phenol. One of the more promising is a benzyl alcohol‐hydrogen peroxide two part chemical depainting agent. Recently, there have been a number of concerns. Upon mixing the benzyl alcohol‐hydrogen peroxide chemical stripper, it is theorized that a targeted hazardous air pollutant (i.e., phenol) is generated, thereby violating the NESHAP (National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants) requirement. In addition, there is concern of a potential explosion hazard when mixing hydrogen peroxide. This article addresses the potential concerns by conducting both a literature search to evaluate potential problems (i.e., health concerns, explosive hazards, chemical stability, chemical reaction mechanisms/pathways, chemical reaction end‐ and by‐products, etc.) and laboratory experiments to determine if phenol is produced as an end‐product, by‐product, or reaction step intermediate.
Stormwater discharges from industrial facilities: Achieving compliance at kelly air force base
Authors: Goodman Gary , Makowski Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChanges to the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program require that stormwater discharges associated with industrial activity be regulated. How these NPDES regulations apply to air force installations and how these installations comply with the terms and conditions of the NPDES stormwater permit are discussed. Central to permit compliance is the preparation of the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan emphasizing best management practices.
Pollution prevention framework for electronic information resources
Authors: Prasad Surya S. , Alexander Michael A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article describes the Pollution Prevention (P2) Framework Automated Information System. The framework is a matrix of pollution prevention resources developed by the Department of Defense Environmental Security Corporate Information Management (DESCIM) Program Management Office in support of the Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Environmental Security). The P2 framework resides on the Defense Environmental Network Information eXchange (DENIX), DOD's environmental information electronic bulletin board and website. An outline of the framework's information categories and electronic resources is provided. In addition, the article provides an overview of the information resources that the P2 framework currently makes available and describes the process by which the framework was developed. Recommendations for future enhancements to the P2 framework are also discussed.
Assessing the status of risk‐based approaches for the prioritization of federal environmental spending
Authors: Dzuray Emil J. , Maranto Anthony R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been promoting the use of risk‐based analysis for setting environmental priorities since the early 1980s. From “Risk, Science and Democracy” in 1985, to the ground‐breaking Unfinished Business in 1987, to William Reilly's (former administrator of the EPA) high‐profile embrace of the Reducing Risk report in 1990, studies have pointed to the advantages of using risk‐based approaches to prioritize environmental spending.As we near the new millennium, the need for considering risk in the decision making process has not diminished. Government environmental managers are being asked to meet increasing regulatory burdens, devote more attention to the conservation of natural and cultural resources, and invest more in adopting environmental‐friendly technologies, all while ensuring mission readiness. All of these demands are occurring against the backdrop of flat environmental budgets.This study describes the current status of the methodologies in use by federal civilian agencies and the Department of Defense (DOD) for prioritizing nonrestoration spending. It evaluates each method against EPA's recommended criteria for assessing risk‐based prioritization models. It discusses what further research is needed to improve the integration of these methods into the agency budgetary process and to shift from a “worst first” to a “results first” approach.
Environmental challenges facing the realignment and closure of kelly air force base (AFB) in San Antonio, Texas
Authors: Landez Norma J. , Rohne Russell P. , Wolf Christopher D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractKelly Air Force Base (KAFB), located in San Antonio, Texas, was recommended for realignment and closure by the 1995 Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Commission. The Commission's recommendations were accepted by the president and submitted to Congress on July 13, 1995. Kelly AFB is scheduled to close July 2001. Portions of the base will be realigned to a neighboring base, and the remainder will be closed and transferred to the local redevelopment authority for reuse.The purpose of this article is to describe the impact of BRAC on the mission of the Environmental Management (EM) Directorate at KAFB. It will first provide an overview description of the BRAC process, stressing the difference between Kelly and other BRAC bases. Next, it will describe the EM structure and mission both before and after BRAC. It will then discuss several of the challenges EM has faced, the actions implemented to address the challenges, and the results of these actions. Finally, it will conclude by providing recommendations and lessons learned.
A new source of biodiversity conservation information for land managers
Authors: Howie Shara , Warner Richard , Douglas Ripley J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article describes a new initiative by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and the Association for Biodiversity Information (ABI), working in cooperation with several federal agencies, to improve the quality and quantity of information on species and ecological communities necessary for informed and effective environmental analysis. Known as the Multi‐Jurisdictional Dataset (MJD) Project, the effort will establish a centralized comprehensive resource of U.S. and Canadian species and vegetative community data. In some cases, data will be available at varying levels of detail via the Internet. To date, funding has been provided by the Department of Defense Legacy Resource Management Program, the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The article concludes with descriptions of specific examples of the usefulness of the proposed MJD products by federal agencies and presents an agenda for future action.
Compacts: Unitary solutions to environmental problems having multiple sources and masters
Authors: Hocking Elizabeth Kundinger 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFederal facilities' proximity to highly valued natural resource systems, such as the Columbia River and the Savannah River, are sometimes targeted as causing the degradation of the resource and therefore responsible for remediating the resource area. The role these federal facilities played in possibly contaminating water bodies should not be minimized unduly, nor should their role in remediation and long‐term management of residual contamination. Ignoring other sources of water‐body degradation, however, can result in short‐sighted and single‐focused remediation responses that, by their nature, will probably be ineffective. The task of remediating and managing water bodies requires broad‐based assessments of the full nature and extent of the degradation, the contributors to it, and the preferred short‐ and long‐term remedies. That task is complicated enough but becomes more complex when agencies from several states as well as federal agencies exert jurisdictional control over the water body. Although this article focuses on the Columbia River Basin, the concepts presented could apply to other water bodies shared by several states and degraded by multiple users. What is needed to restore and manage these degraded water bodies is a compact—a legislatively created, institutionalized relationship of the entities with interests in the protection and sustainable development of the water body.
Global climate change and U.S. military readiness
Authors: Salomon Roy K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo address the threats posed by global climate change, the United States and most of the other countries of the world met in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997 and drafted a new international agreement: The Kyoto Protocol to the Convention on Climate Change. The Protocol has been hailed as an important step forward in combating global climate change and denounced as unnecessary and unfair to American business. Likewise, the Protocol's impacts on national security and military readiness have been subject to controversy.While the connection between U.S. military readiness and the Kyoto Protocol may not be readily apparent at first, the issue was the subject of Congressional hearings and debate during the spring and summer of 1998 and resulted in a somewhat unusual legislative provision in the Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999. The provision aims to protect military operations and training from negative impact associated with implementing the Kyoto Protocol. Section 1232 of the Act states:Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no provision of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, or any regulation issued pursuant to such protocol, shall restrict the training or operations of the United States Armed Forces or limit the military equipment procured by the United States Armed Forces.This article reviews the history behind this provision and discusses how climate change issues impact the Department of Defense (DOD).
Building the range rule risk methodology (R3M)
Authors: Murphy Joseph M. , Hill Scott A. , Waugh Jeffrey H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Summer 1998 edition of the Federal Facilities Environmental Journal (Murphy & Waugh, 1998) contained an article that covered the development of the Department of Defense's (DOD's) proposed Range Rule (62 Fed. Reg. 50795) and its supporting Range Rule Risk Methodology (R3M). This article provides a status of the R3M development program at this time and a summary the tools, models, and protocols that make up the Interim R3M.
Implementing an environmental quality assessment program at the naval air station patuxent river
Authors: Fearns Joseph E. , Eckerle William J. , Andrew Martinez G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Naval Air Station (NAS) Patuxent River is proactively establishing an environmental quality assessment program (EQAP) for environmental excellence in accordance with emerging Navy policy to implement such a program. The EQAP will replace the Navy's Environmental Compliance Evaluation (ECE) program. Under the ECE program, shore‐based Naval installations were required to annually perform a self‐ECE of their compliance status. Under the new program, Naval installations will be required to develop and execute an internal assessment plan that addresses environmental quality within the “fenceline.” The assessment will address all applicable compliance requirements on a schedule based on the environmental concerns, vulnerabilities, and risks and may also cover program management processes, the environmental management system (EMS), and measures of merit. Implementation of the EQAP is especially critical at the NAS due to the tremendous growth that it has experienced as a result of the Base Realignment and Closure Act (BRAC). Presented in this article is a description of the NAS's EQAP and how it evolved from the predecessor ECE program.
Economies of scale and implementation efficiencies of fully integrated environmental programs in view of fiscal uncertainties: A case for consolidation of environmental services at federal installations
Authors: Harrington Robert J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn spite of an extraordinary administrative burden, most environmental support services at military and other federal installations tend to be split among various contractors along functional lines. This portioning of services introduces many inefficiencies and fails to take advantage of potential economies of scale. Inefficiencies can be worsened dramatically when funding uncertainties are introduced. Consolidation of all environmental services at a federal facility, including environmental operations and maintenance, under a single contract facilitates a phenomenon of organizational integration. With management attention, integration can be nurtured and maximized, substantially reducing program costs while dramatically improving quality and responsiveness.The natural world is replete with examples from which we may learn to be better managers. Uncertainties in program funding create essentially the same challenges to business managers as uncertainties in the supply of food and nutrients present to natural populations. By viewing temporal trends in programfunding in the same way that nature views trends in resource supply we may better understand how the introduction of funding uncertainties impacts the evolution of the optimal team size and skill mix. And we may also evaluate how a fully integrated environmental program can work to offset the deleterious effects of unpredictable program funding.
Preenforcement review of remedial actions at federal facilities: Further erosion of the section 113(h) bar
Authors: Seymour John F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ban on preenforcement review found in CERCLA section 113(h) is one of the most important and staunchly defended tools in the CERCLA enforcement toolbox. Courts have consistently ruled that challenges to CERCLA cleanups cannot be filed prior to enforcement, and that a broad reading of the section 113(h) ban is necessary to ensure that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other agencies exercising CERCLA enforcement authority can clean up sites quickly, without the delay caused when parties unhappy with the cleanup file lawsuits. Until recently, courts agreed that section 113(h) applied equally to private and federal facility cleanups. In Fort Ord Toxics Project v. California Environmental Protection Agency, however, a federal court of appeals reversed the decision of a district court and held, for the first time, that section 113(h) does not apply to federal facility cleanups conducted pursuant to CERCLA section 120. In doing so, however, the court failed to consider legislative history indicating that Congress did not intend to treat private and federal sites differently for purposes of section 113(h). The court also failed to acknowledge that its holding is justified by no compelling policy, and will, in fact, seriously undermine the purposes of CERCLA.
Enhanced recreational opportunities at U.S. DOE sites: Economic evaluation of an alternative land‐use scenario at the Savannah river site
Authors: Solitare Laura , Lowrie Karen , Frisch Michael , Greenberg Michael , Noah J. Christopher , Burger Joanna 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sites in our nation's nuclear weapons complex contain over 4,000 square miles of largely undeveloped, scenic, wildlife‐rich, and ecologically unique lands. In light of recent directives and programs within the Department of Energy (DOE) aimed toward multiple uses of sites and leasing or sale of excess lands, it is time to assess low‐impact, low‐risk, and cost‐effective ways to utilize more of the environmental, ecological, and aesthetic values of these sites. This article examines wildlife‐related outdoor recreation as an economic development option on and around DOE sites. We use an economic impact simulation model for the two‐state region around the Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina to illustrate the economic benefits. The objective was to demonstrate the outcome of plausible alternatives. The article demonstrates that even a moderate investment in expanded recreation could add up to several hundred new jobs almost immediately and even more jobs 15 years into the future. To the extent that sportsmen and tourists travelporn areas outside the two states, the benefits to the entire two‐state region are increased. We also found that as an efzcient form of economic investment, recreation holds up well against other alternafives.
Management of contaminated structures at federal facilities: Reuse considerations and other major issues
Authors: Davis Michael J. , Picel Kurt C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe management of contaminated structures can be a major activity at some federal facilities and generally differs from management of contaminated environmental media. In particular, a major issue associated with a contaminated structure is whether there is a realistic potential for future use of the structure. This issue should be addressed early in a planning process. The resolution of this issue significantly affects other major issues associated with management of a contaminated structure such as: (1) What are the expected costs associated with management of the structure? (2) What regulatory requirements are applicable? (3) What characterization is needed? (4) What risk assessment is necessary? and (5) What remediation decisions must be made? This article considers all of these issues.
Integrating pollution prevention into air force weapon system acquisition
Authors: Lurker Peter A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEnvironmental, safety, and health (ESH) expertise was provided in the development of handbooks to embed pollution prevention (P2) into the Air Force weapon system acquisition process. Interviews were conducted with aerospace contractors, system program offices, ESH and engineering staff, air staff, commands and base personnel, to identify issues and “best practices.” Over 300 government and industry reviewers provided extensive comments. The most significant comment was that the National Aerospace Standard 411, Hazardous Material Management Program, be the handbook's cornerstone. The latest version of the handbook has 67 templates, which provide P2 guidance and recommendations for specific acquisition processes and documentation.
Applying pollution prevention to air quality programs
Authors: Diaz Luis , Parmele Charles S. , Walsh Kenneth J. , Garrison James A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs a large installation, Eglin Air Force Base conducts numerous operations and activities in support of national defense. Many of these operations/activities are a direct source of air emissions. Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) evaluated these operations/activities for the purpose of identifying those that could be changed to reduce air emissions, regulatory exposure, and permitting and/or labor costs. This study applied root cause analysis techniques to minimize or eliminate these emissions. The study identified numerous potential options, many of which have been traditionally associated with pollution prevention efforts; however, by applying root cause analysis techniques, numerous other innovative and/or low‐cost approaches to reducing air emissions were identified. Implementation of these options would result in a significant reduction in the annual quantity of air emissions at the base.
Conformance with the ISO 14001 standard—results of gap analyses at selected department of the army installations
Authors: Wood James D. , Baetz Linda L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBased on Department of Defense (DOD) policy guidance, the Department of the Army first adopted its Environmental Audit Program in 1985. Effective October 1991, the Army Environmental Audit Program was revised and redesignated as the Environmental Compliance Assessment System (ECAS) Program. The ECAS audits began to evaluate the installation's overall Environmental Program Management (EPM) and Environmental Management Systems (EMSs). The purpose of the EPM/EMS aspect of ECAS audits was to determine more systematic “root causes” for observed compliance problems. With the adoption of the ISO 14001 standard, the EPM/EMS portion of the ECAS protocol was revised to more closely mirror that standard.DOD has initiated a two‐year pilot effort to evaluate the feasibility of ISO 14001 implementation at selected DOD installations. This DOD pilot program focuses both on implementation costs and on increased efficiency associated with more effective integration of installation‐level EMS.In anticipation of a favorable endorsement of the ISO 14001 framework for installation‐EMS, several Army installations have begun to perform their own gap analyses to determine their conformance to the various parts of the standard. This article describes the results of EMS audits (gap analyses) at nine Army installations. Major nonconformances observed at each installation and corrective actions are also discussed.
Restoring watershed health: Peacetime military contributions and federalwide agency implications
Authors: Drigot Diane C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEnvironmental impacts of peacetime military training are under heightened scrutiny by outspoken publics all over the world. Public environmental concerns are increasingly linked to sociocultural well‐being and economic vitality in affected communities. Demonstrating leadership in environmental stewardship in this broader community context is essential for the military to ensure continuing public support of its mission in a post‐Cold War era. Federal land management agencies are mandated to follow an ecosystem approach to resource management, such as a watershed approach to Clean Water Act compliance. This provides promising opportunities for military installations to link peacetime activities with host community well‐being. The transdisciplinary basis and policy frameworks for this approach are reviewed. Examples from Marine Corps Base Hawaii are described. Use of this approach by other resource management agencies facing similar challenges is encouraged.
EPCRA: Toxic release reporting requirements and reductions for the department of defense
Authors: Bolstridge June C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDepartment of Defense (DOD) installations are required by Executive Order 13148 to comply with the Emergency Planning and Community Right‐to‐Know Act (EPCRA), achieve reductions in usage and releases of toxic chemicals, and implement other programs, such as environmental management systems and audits. EPCRA section 313 compliance requires each DOD installation to evaluate more than 600 chemicals for possible annual reporting to EPA and state regulators. Achieving these goals at the installation level is further complicated by EPA's ongoing modifications to the EPCRA requirements, and the differences between DOD and EPA guidance for the specific compliance actions that must be taken. In addition to describing the EPCRA requirements, available DOD guidance, and key compliance issues of importance to military installations, this article recommends approaches to resolving DOD/EPA guidance differences, and provides insight into the importance of the EPCRA data.