Abstract 2086: Effect of XPO1 inhibition on colorectal cancer tumorigenesis
Authors: Evans Andrew E. , Dixon Dan A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the U.S. A subset of individuals faces a notably higher likelihood of developing CRC within their lifetime. Hence, there is a compelling need for innovative chemopreventive treatments aimed at minimizing CRC tumorigenesis. Exportin 1 (XPO1; also referred to as CRM1) plays a pivotal role in transporting proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The overexpression of XPO1 has been identified across several cancers, including CRC. XPO1 interacts with a diverse spectrum of more than 1000 proteins. The overexpression of XPO1 leads to the excessive removal of tumor suppressors from the nucleus, rendering these proteins functionally inert. To counteract the overexpression of XPO1 in tumors, a novel class of drugs known as Selective Inhibitors of Nuclear Export (SINE) has been developed. Among these, Eltanexor (KPT-8602) has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent, demonstrating fewer side effects compared to its precursors, and is currently under evaluation in Phase 1/2 clinical trials. The treatment effects of SINE compounds on CRC remain largely unknown. We have assessed Eltanexor's ability to limit CRC tumorigenesis using a genetic CRC model in Apcmin/+ mice. Our findings indicate that Eltanexor substantially reduces tumor burden by approximately 3-fold and induces a significant reduction of tumors exceeding 1mm in size. Furthermore, a xenograft experiment using the human CRC cell line, HCT116, reveals nearly a 3-fold reduction in tumor size upon Eltanexor treatment. In both CRC models, Eltanexor exhibits noteworthy tolerability. Additionally, XPO1 protein levels are consistently diminished in both models, aligning with our in vitro observations. To further ascertain Eltanexor's specificity for CRC tumors versus normal tissue, we conducted drug sensitivity assays using organoids derived from Apcmin/+ tumors and wild-type mice small intestine tissue. We found that Apcmin/+ tumoroids have heightened sensitivity to Eltanexor-treatments, when compared to wild-type organoids. In an endeavor to elucidate Eltanexor's potent in vivo tumorigenesis inhibitory effects, we conducted multiple assays which revealed a reduction in COX-2 RNA and protein expression levels in Eltanexor-treated cells and reduced COX-2 protein in the tumors of Eltanexor-treated Apcmin/+ mice. In CRC, COX-2 is implicated in CRC development and is currently the target of multiple CRC chemopreventive agents. Our observations reveal that Eltanexor-treated CRC cells exhibit reduced COX-2 gene expression through both inhibiting COX-2’s promoter and its mRNA post-transcriptional stability. Collectively, our findings underscore XPO1 as a potent target for inhibiting CRC tumorigenesis. Future studies will aim to further assess how Eltanexor is impacting COX-2’s promoter, while additionally testing Eltanexor’s tumorigenesis-inhibiting potential in a colitis-induced CRC mouse model.
Citation Format: Andrew E. Evans, Dan A. Dixon. Effect of XPO1 inhibition on colorectal cancer tumorigenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2086.