bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure of T cells specific for strong histocompatibility antigens to cooperate with B cells for a humoral response
Authors: Dennett G. , Rose Margaret De , Allen Roberta Stauder 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThymus‐derived lymphocytes (T cells) selected for reactivity to strong histocompatibility antigens over a period of one to twelve months in vitro were tested for their ability to cooperate with bone marrow‐derived lymphocytes (B cells) for a humoral response. If cultured with normal syngeneic or allogeneic spleen cells and sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) as immunogen, inhibition of the anti‐SRBC response was observed. Similarly, in T cell‐free spleen cells the alloreactive T cells did not stimulate a humoral response, indicating that they cannot exert cooperative activity on B cells. Since it was possible that the alloreactive T cells may cooperate with B cells in a humoral response to immunogens carrying histocompatibility antigens, hapten‐coupled tumor cells were also used as immunogen. Though it is demonstrated that the alloreactive T cells do recognize the tumor cell'immunogen, no stimulation of the B cells for a humoral response against the tumor cell is observed. This result, as well as the finding that the antigenic requirements for T helper cell priming and cell proliferation of the alloreactive T cells are different, suggests that these alloreactive T cells and helper T cells belong to different T cell subsets.
Distinct properties of Thy‐1 antibodies elicited in rats by immunization with mouse brain
Authors: Rabinowitz Ruth , Sharav Y. , Schlesinger M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRats are known to possess antigenic determinants related to the Thy‐1.1 allele. Immunization of rats with brain homogenates from mice carrying either the Thy‐1.1 or the Thy‐1.2 alleles resulted in the production of antisera which were cytotoxic for thymus cells of both strains of mice.Lymph node, spleen and cortisone‐resistant thymus cells were refractory to the cytotoxic effect of rat anti‐mouse brain sera. Peripheral lymphocytes were fully capable of absorbing the cytotoxic activity of the sera on thymus cells, although the concentration of the antigen on their cell surface was considerably less than on thymus cells. Blocking experiments with alio‐ and xenoantisera to Thy‐1 antigens suggested that the antigen detected by rat anti‐mouse brain sera is related to the Thy‐1 system.The Thy‐1 specificity detected by rat antisera seems to differ from previously described Thy‐1 antigens in that it attains a high concentration on thymus cells but is relatively deficient in its expression on peripheral T cells.
Restriction in the immune response to flagellar proteins in inbred mice
Authors: Smith A. M. , Slack J. , Potter M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnti‐idiotypic sera prepared in both AL/N mice and rabbits identify specificities common t o the IgA MOPC 467 myeloma protein and day‐7 affinityabsorbed antibodies t o Salmonella milwaukee polymerized flagellin (S.mi1 POL) raised in BALB/c and C57BL/Ka mice. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of reduced and alkylated BALB/c anti‐S.mil‐POL gave a banding pattern of L and H‐chains identical to MOPC 467. C57BL/Ka anti‐S.mi1‐POL had a similar Lchain pattern but a different H‐chain pattern. Both BALB/c and C57BL/Ka contain predominantly IgA. The IEF patterns in the two strains are consistent with a monoclonal response at day 7.
Lymphocyte membrane immunoglobulins: similarities between human IgD and mouse IgD‐like molecules
Authors: Sitia R. , Corte G. , Ferrarini M. , Bargellesi A. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract131I‐labeled IgD‐like molecules extracted from the membrane of mouse spleen, and lymph node cells and their constitutive chains have been characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) followed by radioautography. Unreduced mouse IgD‐like molecules concentrated in two definite bands (IgD1 and IgD2). IgD, migrated slightly ahead of 131I‐labeled mouse membrane IgM and displayed a mobility very similar to that of 131I‐labeled IgD extracted from the membrane of human tonsil cells. IgD2 migrated faster than both IgD1 and human membrane IgD (mIgD), but slower than 14C‐labeled mouse IgG2 b used as marker. The different mobility of IgD1 and IgD2 was due to difference in size of their respective H‐chains (δ1 and δ2), as shown by SDS‐PAGE analysis of the two molecules after reduction. Mol.wt. determination of IgD1, IgD2 and of the corresponding constitutive chains are consistent with an H2L2 structure. IgD1 and IgD2 were partially replaced following prolonged dialysis by molecules with a SDS‐PAGE mobility consistent with an HL structure, IgD3. In contrast to that found for spleen and lymph node, IgD1 only was detected on the surface of bone marrow cells.Immunofluorescence experiments have shown that while the majority of mouse lymph node or spleen cells bear IgM and IgD, IgM was found to be the predominant Ig class on the surface of bone marrow cells, although a certain number of IgD‐IgM and a few IgD‐positive cells were found.Experiments where mouse lymphocytes have been treated with pronase have indicated that, in analogy with mlgD of primates, mouse IgD‐like molecules are very labile and can be removed from the cell surface by very mild proteolytic treatment.
The private specificity H‐2.4 and the public specificity H‐2.28 of the D region are expressed on two independent polypeptide chains
Authors: Neauport‐Sautes Catherine , Morello Dominique , Freed J.H. , Nathenson S.G. , Démant P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe antigenic specificities H‐2.4 (private) and H‐2.28 (public) in the H‐2a haplotype are controlled by the D region of H‐2 as defined by the available recombinants. In previous studies we have demonstrated by the antibody‐induced redistribution method that the antisera against these specificities contain antibodies against at least two different polypeptide chains. We here report the results of the indirect immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled antigens after solubilization with Nonidet‐P40. The antisera against the two specificities precipitated from such extracts two different and independent polypeptide chains, indicating that the products of the D region, as presently defined, comprise at least two different molecules. The molecular weight of both chains is approximately 45 000, which is similar to other molecules bearing private H‐2 antigenic specificities. Consequently, the chromosomal segment presently defined by recombination studies as the D region, must contain another locus, controlling the second polypeptide chain which is detectable by anti‐H‐2.28 antisera, besides the H‐2D locus which controls the polypeptide chain bearing the private specificity H‐2.4 as well as most of the public specificities.
The role of the Fc receptor (FcR) of thymus‐derived lymphocytes I. Presence of FcR on cytotoxic lymphocytes and absence of direct role in cytotoxicity
Authors: Leclerc J.C. , Plater Christine , Fridman W.H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were prepared by injecting C3H/He (H‐2k) thymocytes into host‐irradiated BALB/b (H‐2b) mice. Specific cytolysis was measured on MBL2 lymphoma cells from C57BL/6 (H‐2b) mice. Alloantigen‐activated T cells (ATC) were taken from the spleens of the recipients at day 5 and separated according to size and/or to the presence of membrane Fc receptors (FcR) by the use of velocity sedimentation techniques. The data showed that CTL were found in populations of lymphocytes heterogeneous in cell size and were always present in the FcR‐positive population. Depletion of FcR‐positive ATC, after rosetting with IgG‐sensitized sheep erythrocytes led to an abolishment of cytolytic activity while enrichment in FcR‐positive ATC led to a parallel increase of cytolytic activity. Taking advantage of the rapid release of FcR at 37°C by ATC, we investigated the direct involvement of the FcR molecule in cytolysis. We found that ATC which had released their FcR after pre‐in‐cubation for 2 h at 37°C exerted the same level of cytotoxicity as control ATC incubated at 4 °C. The data lead us, therefore, to conclude that FcR may be a marker of differentiation of cytotoxic T cells found in the spleen, but does not itself play a role in the cytolytic reaction.
Isolated hapten‐binding receptors of sensitized lymphocytes I. Receptors from nylon wool‐enriched mouse T lymphocyte lack serological markers of immunoglobulin constant domain but express heavy chain variable portions
Authors: Krawinkel U. , Cramer M. , Imanishi‐Kari Thereza , Jack R.S. , Rajewsky K. , Makelä O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHapten‐binding receptor material was isolated from hapten‐sensitized mouse lymphocytes, as described previously (Eur. J. Immunol 1976.6: 529; Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 1977. 41: 285). The material was separated into a fraction expressing immunoglobulin determinants (anti‐Ig+ fraction) and a fraction lacking determinants of the known Ig constant domains (anti‐Ig−fraction). We present further evidence in support of the notion that the anti‐Ig+ fraction is B cell‐derived, whereas the anti‐Ig− fraction originates from T lymphocytes. Receptors derived from C57BL/6 mice of the anti‐Ig_ phenotype with specificity for the hapten (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) are found to express markers which are characteristic for the variable portion of primary anti‐NP antibodies. One of these markers relates to the fine specificity of hapten binding [6, 24], the other is defined by anti‐idiotypic antibodies. Genetic studies show that the expression of these markers both in antibodies and the anti‐Ig− receptor fraction is controlled by genes in the heavy chain linkage group.The results demonstrate that in this system, humoral antibodies and receptor molecules of both the anti‐Ig+ and anti‐Ig− phenotype bind the hapten with strikingly similar affinity and fine specificity. More specifically, they suggest that the molecules in the anti‐Ig− receptor fraction carry the variable region (and in fact the en tire variable region) of the Ig heavy chain.
An IgM‐producing tumor with biochemical characteristics of a small B lymphocyte
Authors: Bergman Y. , Haimovich J. , Melchers F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA lymphocytic tumor, 38C‐13, induced by the chemical carcinogen 7, 12‐di‐methylbenz(a)anthracene in C3H/eB mice and adapted to tissue culture, produces 7–8 S IgM with “core” carbohydrates (N‐acetylglucosamines, mannoses), but not “branch” carbohydrates (neuraminic acids, fucoses, galactoses) attached to the μ heavy, but not to the light chains. Turnover of the 7–8 S 38C‐13 IgM is slow (half disappearance time = 10–15 h). The IgM is released from the cells as 7–8 S IgM. The ratio of IgM synthesis to the synthesis of all cellular glycoproteins is 0.005–0.01. After comparison of these data with data obtained with normal B lymphocytes before and after mitogenic stimulation, we conclude that 38C‐13 tumor cells are transformed counterparts very near or within the population of small, mitogen‐sensitive, resting B lymphocytes.
Rat bile as a convenient source of secretory IgA and free secretory component
Authors: Lemaître‐Coelho Isabel , Jackson G. D. F. , Vaerman J. ‐P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRat hepatic bile contains three proteins as major constituents: secretory IgA (SIgA), free secretory component (FSC) and albumin. Traces of α‐macroglo‐bulin, transferrin, IgG and IgM are also detectable. The bile duct daily pours between 5–12 mg each of SIgA and FSC into the rat duodenum. The origin and function of these proteins in bile may represent important clues in the understanding. of the SIgA system.
Colony growth of human T lymphocytes in agar: effect of a soluble factor from adherent cells
Authors: Claësson M.H. , Whittingham S. , Rodger M.B. , Burgess A.W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen mononuclear cells from peripheral human blood were plated directly in agar medium containing phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and sheep red blood cells and cultured for 6–7 days, discrete colonies of 4–50 lymphocytes were formed. The plating efficiency was one colony per 50–100 cells plated, but this was reduced by approximately 85 % when adherent cells were removed from the mononuclear cell suspension prior to culture. PHA‐induced colony formation by autologous or homologous nonadherent cells could be completely restored by culturing nonadherent cells over a feeder layer of adherent cells or addition of the medium in which adherent cells had been cultured. Thus, adherent cells were presumed to secrete a stable soluble factor which supported PHA‐induced colony formation.This active factor in conditioned medium from adherent cells could be stored for several months at –10°C, and was relatively stable when heated to 56°C for 30 min. It did not bind to concanavalin A‐Sepharose, had a molecular weight greater than 10 000 daltons, was inactivated by treatment with pronase but not by DNAse, RNAse or lipase, and was active at a concentration of 1 %. Adherent cells and culture media from human peritoneal macrophages and fibroblasts did not stimulate colony formation in nonadherent cells, and likewise culture medium from nonadherent cells or purified T lymphocytes was inactive. When concentrates of conditioned medium from cultures of adherent cells were fractionated on a Sephadex G‐100 column two peaks of activity were obtained: a sharp peak with a molecular weight of approximately 100 000 daltons and a smaller peak with a molecular weight between 12 000 and 15 000 daltons.Our data indicate that a factor or factors of high molecular weight are produced by cultures of adherent mononuclear cells; these factors support the formation of PHA‐induced colonies by human T lymphocytes.
Cytotoxic T cells to type A influenza virus; viral hemagglutinin induces A‐strain specificity while infected cells confer cross‐reactive cytotoxicity
Authors: Zweerink H.J. , Askonas Brigitte A. , Millican Dianne , Courtneidge Sara A. , Skehel J.J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with the generation and specificity of cytotoxic T cells directed to cells infected with type A influenza viruses. Mice were primed in vivo and their spleen cells restimulated in vitro. Four type A viruses with serologically distinct surface proteins are equally effective in secondary stimulation of cytotoxicity regardless of the viral strain used for priming. The resulting cytotoxic cells will lyse cells infected with any of the 4 type A viruses. Cross‐reactivity between type A and B influenza viruses does not occur.Competition experiments show that the cross‐reactive cytotoxic T cells contain a minor population of cells with increased affinity for the type A virus strain used for priming, but the majority of the cells do not distinguish between the type A virus strains.Virus replication is not required for the secondary generation of cytotoxic T cells; inactivated virus and viral hemagglutinin can serve as stimulators. Hemagglutinin derived from type A/Jap/Bel selects cytotoxic cells with specificity restricted to A/Jap/Bel originally used for priming and A/Jap which shares the hemagglutinin. This secondary stimulation can be achieved only when either of those two type A viruses are used for priming.The results indicate that hemagglutinin is one of the viral proteins recognized by cytotoxic T cells; however, it is not clear which viral protein(s) are responsible for cross‐reactivity.
Human B cell alloantigens: separation from other membrane molecules by affinity chromatography
Authors: Cresswell P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman Ia‐like alloantigens have been solubilized from membranes of B lymphoblastoid cell lines using sodium deoxycholate (DOC). They have been purified by affinity chromatography using specific rabbit antibodies bound t o an agarose column, eluting the antigen at pH 1 1 .O in the presence of 0.5 % DOC. The isolated, purified, material contained two proteins of molecular weights 35 000 and 27 000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, apparently noncovalently associated with each other. The molecules were completely separated from the soluble products of the HLA‐A, B and C loci and retained serological activity as measured by their capacity t o inhibit the lysis of B lymphoblastoid cell lines by B cell‐specific alloantisera.
Inhibition of antibody production in plasmacytoma cells by antigen
Authors: Abbas A.K. , Klaus G.G.B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTissue culture‐adapted MOPC 315 mouse plasmacytoma cells which secrete monoclonal anti‐DNP IgA antibody, were cultured with a variety of DNP‐carrier conjugates and the production of IgA measured by pulse labeling with [3H]leucine and by plaque‐forming cell assays. DNP‐coupled bovine, human and rabbit 7‐globulins (containing 9 to 12 DNP groups per 50 000 mol.wt. of carrier) inhibited the synthesis and secretion of IgA by 40 to 80 %. This inhibition was specific, since unconjugated globulins were ineffective, non‐IgA proteins and DNA synthesis remained unaffected, and DNP‐globulins had no effect on X5563 cells which do not bind DNP. The degree of suppression of antibody production depended on the concentration and epitope density of the antigen and on the duration of exposure of cells to it, and was not attributable to absorption of secreted antibody by cell‐bound antigen. Comparably substituted DNP conjugates of F(ab')2 and intact globulins were equally inhibitory. The inhibition of antibody synthesis by DNP‐BGG was reversible following removal of the antigen. This phenomenon is similar in many respects to the antigen‐induced blockade of normal antibody‐secreting cells, and provides a valuable model system for analyzing the mechanisms of antigen‐mediated cellular inactivation.
Increased growth of Rous sarcomas in chickens pretreated with formalinized syngeneic tumor cells
Authors: Schierman L.W. , Watanabe D.H. , Mcbride R.A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of inoculating formalinized syngeneic or allogeneic Rous sarcoma cells on the growth of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)‐induced tumors in two related inbred strains of chickens was studied. Chickens from both strains that received three weekly inoculations of syngeneic tumor cells had a significant increase in tumor growth and mortality after subsequent challenge with RSV. Development of RSV‐induced tumors in chickens pretreated with formalinized allogeneic tumor cells (i.e. incompatible for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens) was similar to what we observed in nonpretreated control chickens.The finding that the tumor‐host relationship is altered only in chickens pretreated with formalinized syngeneic RSV‐transformed cells, suggests that tumor‐associated antigens of Rous sarcomas are modified MHC antigens analogous to “altered self” antigens thought to be present on certain virus‐infected cells. If this hypothesis is correct, the results we obtained with formalin‐killed syngeneic tumor cells can be explained on the basis of three possible mechanisms: immunological enhancement, immune tolerance or induction of antibody to anti‐tumor idiotype. The merits of each mechanism in accounting for the results are discussed.
Immune interferon I. Production by lymphokine‐activated murine macrophages
Authors: Neumann Christine , Sorg C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUnfractionated murine spleen cells produce immune interferon (type II) upon stimulation with antigen or mitogen. When spleen cells were passed over glass bead columns, interferon production decreased whereas the mitotic response to the stimulants drastically increased. When these cells were further purified over nylon wool columns, interferon production was totally abolished whereas thymidine incorporation in stimulated cultures was invariably high. Interferon production by nylon wool column‐purified lymphocytes could be restored with macrophages grown from bone marrow cultures or spleen cells but not with macrophages from proteose peptone‐induced peritoneal exudate cells. It was also found that pure macrophage cultures from spleens of BCG‐immunized mice consistently produced interferon activity without any further stimulation. When culture supernatants of activated T lymphocytes, which did not contain any interferon activity, were transferred to macrophage cultures from different sources and incubated for 45 h, interferon activity could be detected in supernatants of macrophage cultures from bone marrow and spleen but not in those from proteose‐induced peritoneal exudate cells. It is concluded that certain macrophage populations can be induced to produce interferon activity whereas others are refractory to this induction which appears to be linked to their differentiation state.
Autoagglutinin produced by organ fragment cultures of mouse spleen
Authors: Jablonska Krystyna F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMouse spleen fragment microcultures produce a heat‐labile substance which agglutinated syngeneic erythrocytes. The substance reacted with an antigen present on some strains of mouse erythrocytes and on rat erythrocytes, but absent from other strains of mouse erythrocytes and from guinea pig, rabbit or sheep erythrocytes. Agglutination was inhibited by antisera to mouse immunoglobulins except for antisera specific to mouse IgM which enhanced agglutination. The agglutinin sedimented with 19 S Ig on ultracentrifugation and was destroyed by pretreatment with mercaptoethanol. Using a rosette assay increased numbers of cells, specifically binding syngeneic erythrocytes by means of a surface Ig receptor were demonstrated in spleen fragment micro‐cultures. It is considered that the agglutinin is a noncomplement‐activating IgM autoantibody and that the precursors of the cells producing the autoantibody are detected by the rosette assay.