bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Electroencephalogram in Cases of Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: LICHTENSTEIN A. , LIN K.‐A. ME 
Published: January 2008

SummaryElectroencephalographic examinations of 7 children with streptomycin‐treated tuberculous meningitis showed that clinical deterioration, which set in in 3 cases, was accompanied by EEG changes in the form of large 4–5/sec. waves. In 1 case EEG changes were the first indication of deterioration. In 4 cases which were restored to complete or almost complete health the EEG changes noted earlier in the disease disappeared. Thus repeated EEG recordings may be of prognostic value and even indicate a need for intensified treatment.RésuméLes examens encéphalographiques de 7 enfants ayant méningite tuberculeuse traitée par la streptomycine, montrent que l'aggrevation clinique constatée dans 3 cas est accompagnée de ehangements EEG sous forme de grandes ondes 4–5 sec. Dans 1 cas les changenients ERG etaient les premières indications de l'aggravation. Dans 4 cas, lesquels ont entièrement ou presque entièrement recouvré. la santé, les changements EEG, survenus auparavant au cows de la maladie, ont disparu. Des contrdles EEG répetés peuvent donc avoir une valeur prognostique et peuvent aussi indiquer la nékessité d'intensifier le traitement.ZusammenfassungElektroencephalografische Untersuchungen bei 7 Kindern mit tuberkulöser mit Streptomycin behandelter Meningitis zeigen, dass eine klinische Verschlechterung, welche in 3 Fallen auftrat, von EEG Veränderungen in Form von grosser 4–5/Sek.‐Wellen gefolgt ist. In 1 Fall traten Veränderungen im EEG vor anderen Zeichen einer Verschlechterung auf. In 4 Fällen, welche zu voller oder so gut wie voller Genesung kamen, vorschwanden die während des früheren Krankheitsverlaufes aufgetretenen Veränderungen des EEG. Wiederholte EEG Kontrollen können deshalb von prognostischem Wert sein und auch die Notwendigkeit einer intensiven Behandlung stützen.ResumenLos exánienes electroencefalográficos en niños de 7 años eon meningitis tubercular tratada con estreptomicina muestran que una deterioración clínica, que comenzó en 3 casos, fué acompañada de alteraciones EEG en forma de grandes ondas de 1–5 segundos. En un caso las alteraciones EEG fueron la primera indicación de deterioración. En cuatro casos, que han sido completa o casi completamente curados, las alteraciones EEG, observadas al principio de la enfermedad, han desaparecido. Repetidos controles EEG pueden ser de valor para el pronóstico y pueden indicar la necesidad de un tratamiento intensificado.
THE RADIOLOGY OF LIGNAC‐FANCONI DISEASE
Authors: ASTLEY R. , TEALL C. G. , BICKEL H. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe radiological findings in seven children with Lignac‐Fanconi disease are described and compared with those in the literature.Bone changes may be absent. When present, they are those of simple rickets or, in the more chronic cases, of long‐standing late rickets. The appearances are non‐specific and not distinguishable from those of avitaminosis‐D or from “resistant” rickets.These observations agree with theoretical conceptions because the bone changes, contrary to previous belief, probably originate in a failure of intestinal absorption of phosphorus and calcium.We wish to thank Prof. G. Fanconi and Dr. H. Boehncke for sending us prints from the radiographs of their patients, and Prof. A. V. Neale for permitting us to use the X‐rays of Case 7.
On the Activity of Chloramphenicol against Haemophilus lnfluenzae with Special Reference to Influenzal Meningitis
Authors: GRÖNROOS J. A. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

The 22 Haemophilus influenzae strains that were tested were all sensitive to chloramphenicol.
With an oral dosage of about 100 mg chloramphenicol per kg per day about 20–60 times greater chloramphenicol content in the spinal fluid was obtained than the sensitivity of the strains cultured from Haemophilus influenzae meningitis cases.
Thirteen cases of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, the average age of which was 15.4 months, the youngest child being 3 and the oldest one 47 months, have been treated as follows: 5 only with chloramphenicol; all recovered; 1 with chloramphenicol and streptomycin: recovered; 7 with streptomycin, penicillin, and sulpha drugs: of these 3 recovered, 3 died, and one recovered with sequelae.
The patients treated with chloramphenicol generally recovered more quickly than those treated with streptomycin and other drugs.
Juvenile Xanthoma
Authors: NILSBY IVAR 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA review of the clinical symptoms, particularly the skin lesions, of the various types of xanthomatosis is given. A case of juvenile xanthoma is then described. Characteristic of this type is that it usually appears within the first year of life and the skin lesions consist of small solitary tumours. The blood cholesterbl and the total blood fat are within normal limits. The internal organs are not usually involved and the prognosis is then good, but a few cases with later systemic lesions have been reported.
The ‘Appearance of the Fundus Oculi in Premature Infants, with Special Reference to the Early Stages of Retrolental Fibroplasia
Authors: HUGGERT A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn a material comprising 66 cases of premature infants, a regular examination of the fundi was carried out each week from birth. Amongst these cases there were 18 that presented a fundus picture similar to that described as being typical for early retrolental fibroplasia. These changes were reversible in all cases. Minor changes taking the form of a yellow‐white oolour and a slight oedema in the periphery of the. fundus were observed in 2/3rds of the total material. If one considers the time at which these changes were first manifest in relation to birth, it would appear that the greater the birth weight the sooner changes become apparent. When one considers the above and the high incidence of these minor fundal changes it is suggested that the changes described in this paper and in the early stages of retrolental fibroplasia are merely normal stages of development.
Studies on Diphtheria
Authors: VAHLQUIST BO , NORDBRlNG FOLKE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFifteen prematures were inoculated with single doses of diphtheria toxoid between the 1st and 10th day of life. After four to five weeks only six of fourteen children showed a weak reaction, after twelve weeks twelve of fourteen children had responded, but the median titre was only 0.008 antitoxin units/ml. The effect was weaker than that previously obtained by vaccination of full‐term children.
Experiments with a New Agglutination Method for Ascertaining Antibodies in Allergic Subjects
Authors: KRAEPELIEN SVEN , SIEVERT BENGT , WETTERGREN STEN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe authors subjected a method, presented by P. KALLOS and L. KALLÓS‐DEFFNER, for ascertaining specific antibodies in allergic subjects by applying human O‐blood corpuscles as allergen‐carrying corpuscles, to a control test. In an investigation series (39 cases), no positive results were obtained either in direct agglutination tests or by Coombs' technique.
Ill‐Health among School Children who had Previously Attended Day Nurseries
Authors: HESSELVIK LENNART 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAn investigation has been carried out in order to examine whether the frequent infections occurring in children cared for at day nurseries had any significant effect on subsequent ill‐health during the early school years. The study was made on a series of children who had been the subject of an investigation four years earlier. It had been found previously that a substantially higher sickness rate prevailed among children in day nurseries, and also to a certain extent among nursery school children, than among those cared for exclusively at home.Among the common specific infections of childhood it has now been found, as expected, that measles occurred more frequently among the children formerly at home than among the former day nursery children, the latter having already had the disease before starting school. Non‐specific diseases (chiefly respiratory infections and their sequelae) were found to occur to more or less the same extent in all the three groups. Attendance at these types of institutions must therefore be assumed to have no great influence on the later occurrence of these conditions.Among the children investigated, ill‐health due to non‐specific causes was found to occur at about the same level in all groups, corresponding to about 5 % absence.No definite correlation could be established between ill‐health recorded four years earlier and the frequency of absenteeism of the same individuals reported during the period of the present investigation.
Active Basal Immunity and Its Application to Epidemiology II. Basal Immunity and Secondary Response in Diphtheria Prophylaxis
Authors: ERICSSON HANS , HESSELVIK LENNART 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThirty‐one children were given a booster dose of adsorbed diphtheria toxoid five years after the primary inoculations which, after this period, had in many cases left no titrable antitoxin. The booster dose produced, within ten days, a sharp rise in the antitoxin titre in all cases. The basal immunity remaining after the primary inoculation is considered to be of great practical importance in epidemiology.
Essential Hypertension in a 12 Year Old Girl Treated with Hexamethonium Compounds
Authors: BOS S. E. , KENG KHO LIEN , VELZEBOER C. M. J. , de VRIES S. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryDescription of a 12 year old girl suffering from malignant hypertension, grade IV, and treated with hexamethonium compounds with striking results. The blood pressure fell to normal values and all symptoms of the disease including the retinal changes disappeared. The period of treatment is by now twenty months. Before treatment the possibility of a phaeochromocytoma was excluded.
Acute Diffuse Infantile Sclerosis of the Brain (Krabbe's Disease) (A report on Two Cases in Sibs)
Authors: KÅSS ARNE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe heredo‐familial, degenerative diseases of the central nervous system are briefly reviewed, and an account is given of two cases of acute, diffuse, infantile sclerosis of the brain in a brother and sister. In both cases a typical picture developed from the fifth‐sixth month of life, and death occurred after the disease had lasted about ten months. The family history yielded no data concerning diseases of the nervous system or the like, and the disease is taken to be the outcome of a recessive hereditary process.
The Supply of Oxygen to Prematures and the Appearance of Retrolental Fibroplasia
Authors: HUGGERT A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe importance of oxygen administration in regard to the manifestation of changes in the calibre of the retinal vessels as well as the presence of peripheral retinal oedema has been studied from a material of 130 premature infants. It appears that the retinal vessels were often very narrow during the administration of oxygen, and that vascular dilatation and peripheral oedema occurred in most cases when oxygen was stopped, but, in individual cases, even whilst oxygen was being administrated. In the eases that had not been given oxygen, dilatation of the vessels and oedema occurred immediately after birth. Of those that were treated with oxygen, 2 developed into re‐trolental fibroplasia. Finally, attention is drawn to the connection between the time when retrolental fibroplasia made its appearance in different countries as well as the time when incubators with surplus oxygen began to be used in the respective countries.
Studies on the Resistance of Haemoglobin to Alkali
Authors: ZANNOS LEDA 
Published: January 2008

SummaryUsing SINGER'S test of haemoglobin alkali denaturation we have examined:1. 61 non anaemic infants aged between 5 days and 2 years and found a foetal type of haemoglobin up to the 19th month of age.2. 12 patients with Cooley's anaemia. The values of resistant haemoglobin were above 50 % in cases that had not received a transfusion previously. These values are much higher than those found by SINGER in similar eases.3. 13 patients with sickle cell anaemia. The values of resistant haemoglobin fell between 5–19.5 % coinciding with those found in negro patients.4. 2 cases of Kala‐Azar. The haemoglobin was found to be of the normal type.
Indwelling Polyethylene Tube in the Feeding of Premature Infants
Authors: KAUHTIO JYRKI 
Published: January 2008

SummarySeventy‐three premature infants have been fed during the first weeks of life through an indwelling nasal polyethylene tube. Eight of them died; the cause of death being cerebral hemorrhage in three cases, congenital malformation of the brain in one case, and immaturity in four cases. The survivors did well and the average hospitalization time was 58 days. The tube was left in for an average period of 17 days, the longest time being 48 days. No complications were encountered. The method is considered to present obvious advantages as compared with the ordinary gavage method and is recommended for use particularly in the treatment of prematures who are very small or in poor condition.
The Response of Idiopathic Renal Acidosis to Oral Sodium Lactate
Authors: STAPLETON THOMAS 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case of idiopathic renal acidosis with coincident hyperelectrolytaemia and hyper‐calcaemia is described. The renal response to the administration of sodium lactate is examined and it is shown that the overall response is similar to that which would occur in a normal child. The prolonged administration of sodium lactate did not cause a depletion of potassium. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the underlying defect is a failure on the part of the kidney to regulate the excretion of bicarbonate.The author wishes to thank Dr. R. LIGHTWOOD who was in charge of the case for his help, Dr. W. M. WALLACE for commenting on the findings, Dr. P. H. SANDERSON for advice and for assistance with the sodium and potassium determinations, Dr. V. WYNN for allowing the author to use his flame photometer, Mr. I. W. J. EVANS for technical help and Sister J. CAMPBELL for her skilful nursing care.
Resultats d'une Étude de Sérums d'Enfants Atteints de Néphrose Lipoïdique par la Méthode de Micro‐Électrophorèse sur Papier
Authors: HOOFT C. , CLARA R. 
Published: January 2008

RésuméLes sérums de 8 enfants atteints de néphrose lipoïdique pure et d'un enfant présentant une néphrose lipoïdique compliquée d'atteinte rénale ont été examinés par la microélectrophorèse sur papier (Procédé de GRASSMANN et HANNIG: appareil Elphor‐H). Les avantages et les désavantages de cette microméthode, comparés à ceux de la macro‐électrophorèse d'après TISELIUS sont discutés. Chez tous les malades, atteints de néphrose lipoïdique, le taux de l'albumine est très bas; celui de la globuline α2 toujours très élevé; la valeur absolue de la globuline γ est toujours tres basse. Les valeurs relatives de la globuline α1 sont un peu au‐dessus de la normale. Les résultats obtenus pour la globuline β dépendent de la méthode employée; les valeurs sont plus élevées avec les méthodes réfractométriques qu'avec l'appareil Elphor. Avec la méthode optique, l'indice de réfraction de la globuline β est fortement influencé par les lipides. Les pourcentages et les valeurs absolues des différentes fractions varient sensiblement de malade à malade. II n'y a pas de concordance nette entre la répartition des différentes protéines dans la néphrose lipoïdique et les états d'œdème. On ne peut trouver de relation entre les valeurs relatives des fractions protéiques et le taux des protéines totales.
Iron Metabolism in Infants II. Absorption of Dietary Iron
Authors: FEUILLEN Y. M. 
Published: January 2008

Summary and ConclusionsThirty‐seven alimentary iron balances on 19 infants between the ages of 15 days and 9 months show that these subjects ingest an average of 0.37 mg of iron per day per kg, of which they retain an average of 0.19 mg, i.e. 53%. Within the limits of the amounts used in these experiments, the retention was shown to be approximately proportional to the intake. Within the age limits, we have observed only 2 zero balances and no negative one.
Selective Filtration of Syphilitic Reagins through the Placenta
Authors: VOGT ELSE 
Published: January 2008

1State Institute of Public Health, Serodiagnostic Department (Chief: OTTO HAKTMANN, M.D.), Oslo, NorwaySummarySummarySelective filtration of syphilitic reagins through the placenta is studied. Three serologic tests for syphilis performed on the serum from 107 newborn infants are compared with the same tests on the serum from their mothers prior to delivery. Meinicke's clarification reaction (MKR) was negative in the serum from all 107 infants, even where the serum reagin titre of the mother was high at the time of delivery, and the other tests were positive in the serum of the infant. It is concluded that MKR is not suitable for the detection of syphilitic reagins in the serum from newborn infants, because the reaction is always negative.
The Extracellular Fluid Volume in Infants and Children
Authors: FRIIS‐HANSEN BENT 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe extracellular volume in fifty infants and children has been studied by a micro modification of the thiosulfate method. This technique was first tried out and it was found that determinations carried out on capillary blood gave the most consistent results. Some limitations of the method are discussed.The extracellular volume was found to diminish rapidly during the first six months of life, from 44 to 30 per cent of body weight, later a gradual decrease during childhood ensued, from 30 per cent to 20 per cent around puberty. When expressed as liters per square meter surface area of the body a less pronounced fall was observed, and only during the first month of life.
Familial Predisposition to Congenital Pyloric Stenosis*
Authors: NIELSEN O STEINICKE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA series of 95 individuals (73 men and 22 women), between the ages of 25 and 45, has been questioned about possible familial occurrence of cong. pyl. sten. These individuals had all in infancy been treated medically for cong. pyl. sten. One hundred non‐selected hospitalized patients (77 men and 23 women) between the ages of 25 and 51 have been similarly questioned as controls.The 95 propositi with previous pyl. sten. have a total of 128 children, of whom 11 have had pyl. sten.j whereas there is only one child with the disease among the 145 children of the propositi in the control group.The propositi in the starting series have a total of 216 siblings, of whom nine have had cong. pyl. sten. In the control group the number of siblings is 319, of whom none have had the disease.In addition, there have been found eight cases among the remaining relatives of the propositi in the starting series, against one within the control group.The present investigation has, in other words, shown a considerable familial accumulation of the disease, and has thus borne out the theory that hereditary factors play a part in its occurrence.
Über den Icterus gravis und Kernicterus bei Frühgeburten ohne nachweislichen AB0‐ und Rhesus‐Blutgruppen‐antagonismus
Authors: BARKER J. C. W. 
Published: January 2008

ZusammenfassungIn einer Gruppe von 172 normalen und gesunden Frühgeburten wurden 56 Fälle von Icterus gravis gefunden. Bei diesen war kein ABO‐ und Rh‐BIutgruppenanta‐gonismus nachzuweisen. Bei 33 trat klinisch ein Kernicterus auf, der bei 21 tötlich war. Vierzehn Fälle wurden obduziert. Die Diagnose wurde dabei bestätigt. Die Frühgeburten dieser Gruppe wurden alle in Sauerstoffzelten gepflegt. In den Zelten herrscht eine Sauerstoffkonzentration von 60 % im Mittel.In einer Vergleiehsgruppe von 139 normalen und gesunden Frühgeburten, ebenfalls ohne Blutgruppenantagonismus, wurden nur 7 Fälle von Icterus gravis und 1 Fall von Kernicterus, der übrigens tötlich verlief, gesehen. Diese Gruppe wurde ohne zusätzlichen Sauerstoff gepflegt.Es wird eine Hypothese entwickelt, die die hohe Sauerstoffkonzentration, die in den Sauerstoffzelten herrscht, für die Krankheitsbilder, die in diesem Artikel Icterus gravis und Kernicterus ohne Antagonismus genannt werden, verantwortlich maeht. Auf Grund der hohen Sauerstoffkonzentration tritt ein verstärkter Hämoglobinabbau auf, der bei der noch immaturen Leberfunktion zu einer starken Bilirubinämie führt. Das Bilirubin erreicht über die noch niedrige “barriere hemato‐encephalique” das Hirngewebe. Dort ruft es einen Kernicterus hervor.Diese Hypothese wird neben Statistiken noch durch klinische Versuchen gestützt.
Das Vorkommen von Colitypen der Gruppe 0 26 bei S äuglingsdurchfälien
Authors: OCKLITZ H. W. , SCHMIDT E. F. 
Published: January 2008

ZusammenfassungBisher wurden Coli der 0‐Gruppe 26 nur wenig und meist bei sporadischen Fällen von Säuglingsenteritis gefunden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird auf die auffällige Zunahme dieser Colitypen in unserem Krankengut hingewiesen und die Beschreibung von insgesamt 158 Fällen gegeben. Die Beobachtung einer Kleinraumepidemie und die nicht kleine Zahl erst in der Klinik stattgefundener Übertragungen geben uns Anlass, die Bedeutung auch dieser Dyspepsiecoli für den Hospitalismus nicht zu gering zu veranschlagen.The Prevalence of Bact. Coli 0 26 in Infantile Diarrhoea.In the Pediatric Clinic of Rostock, East‐Germany, B. Coli 0 26 were occasionally found in cases of infantile diarrhoea. These Coli types have now become very frequent and have been observed in 158 cases. An epidemic within a small‐room ward was studied, some cases becoming infected while in the hospital. The importance of these dyspepsia Coli for cross‐infections in hospital wards should not be underestimated.La fréquence du Bact. Coli 0 26 dans la diarrhée du nourrisson.A la clinique pédiatrique de Rostock, Allemagne Orientale, le Coli 0 26 n'a été trouvé que rarement et dans des cas sporadiques de diarrhée infantile. Ces types de Coli sont maintenant devenus très fréquents et on les a rencontrés dans 158 cas. On a examiné une épidémie dans deux petites salles et assez bien de cas devinrent infectés pendant l'hospitalisation. On ne peut sousestimer l'importance de ces Coli de dyspepsie pour le développement de l'hypothrepsie hospitalière.El bacilo Coli 0 26 en diarrea infantil.En la Clínica Pediátrica de Rostock, Alemania del Este, se encontró el Bacilo Coli 0 26 solamente en raros y esporádicos casos de diarrea infantil. Este tipo de Coli se ha vuelto actualmente muy frecuente y fué observado en 158 casos. Se estudió una epidemia en dos pequeñas salas y se encontró que varios casos en el hospital se infectaron durante ese período. No debería subestimarse la importancia de esas dispepsias a Bac. Coli en el desenvolvimiento de hospitalismos.