bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axial Flux Evolution of Small-scale Magnetic Flux Ropes from 0.06 to 10 au
Authors: Farooki Hameedullah , Lee Jeongwoo , Pecora Francesco , Wang Haimin , Kim Hyomin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Small-scale magnetic flux ropes (SMFRs) fill much of the solar wind, but their origin and evolution are debated. We apply our recently developed, improved Grad–Shafranov algorithm for the detection and reconstruction of SMFRs to data from Parker Solar Probe, Solar Orbiter, Wind, and Voyager 1 and 2 to detect events from 0.06 to 10 au. We observe that the axial flux density is the same for SMFRs of all sizes at a fixed heliocentric distance but decreases with distance owing to solar wind expansion. Additionally, using the difference in speed between SMFRs, we find that the vast majority of SMFRs will make contact with others at least once during the 100 hr transit to 1 au. Such contact would allow SMFRs to undergo magnetic reconnection, allowing for processes such as merging via the coalescence instability. Furthermore, we observe that the number of SMFRs with higher axial flux increases significantly with distance from the Sun. Axial flux is conserved under solar wind expansion, but the observation can be explained by a model in which SMFRs undergo turbulent evolution by stochastically merging to produce larger SMFRs. This is supported by the observed log-normal axial flux distribution. Lastly, we derive the global number of SMFRs above 1015 Mx near the Sun to investigate whether SMFRs begin their journey as small-scale solar ejections or are continuously generated within the outer corona and solar wind.
Le préjudice esthétique, un déficit fonctionnel méconnu
Authors: Fagnart Jean-Luc 
Published: April 2024

Le préjudice esthétique est considéré aujourd’hui comme un petit préjudice « annexe », peu digne d’intérêt. L’article ci-dessous démontre que l’apparence de l’individu joue un rôle majeur dans ses relations avec les autres. Elle est un instrument de la fonction relationnelle du corps, relation méconnue par les barèmes d’invalidité. Une lésion de l’apparence entraine une dégradation de cette fonction. Ce déficit fonctionnel doit être traité comme tous les autres, car il peut être la source d’une incapacité personnelle, professionnelle et même, dans une certaine mesure, ménagère.
Assurance incendie : quels recours subrogatoires pour l’assureur incendie ?
Authors: Charlier Aline 
Published: April 2024

Un immeuble est donné en location. À la suite d’une défaillance électrique, un électricien est mandaté par le propriétaire pour effectuer les réparations utiles. Une nouvelle défaillance se produit, après réparations, et cause un incendie qui détruit tout l’immeuble. L’assureur incendie du propriétaire doit-il intervenir et, le cas échéant, quels sont ses recours subrogatoires éventuels ?
Contrat d’assurance : des conditions particulières non signées sont-elles opposables au preneur d’assurance ?
Authors: Charlier Aline , Janssen Céline 
Published: April 2024

Une personne est victime d’un vol chez elle. Elle est preneuse d’assurance et assurée dans le cadre d’une « police globale habitation » depuis un peu plus de deux ans, et sollicite l’application, en sa faveur, de la garantie d’assurance vol. Cependant, elle n’a pas respecté une mesure de prévention qui lui était imposée dans les conditions particulières du contrat. L’assureur refuse de prendre le sinistre en charge. L’assurée soutient que les conditions particulières, qui déterminent la mesure de prévention, ne lui seraient pas opposables car elles ne sont pas signées de sa part. Elle veut donc être indemnisée et refuse l’application de la clause contenant la mesure de prévention (non respectée). Ce raisonnement tient-il la route ?
Le travailleur aidant proche… enfin aidé ?
Authors: Charlier Aline , Lentz Jeanne 
Published: April 2024

En Belgique, près d’une personne sur dix peut être considérée comme aidant proche d’une personne en état de besoin. Le législateur a reconnu l’aidant proche, puis lui a octroyé des droits sociaux. Force est néanmoins de constater que cela n’est pas suffisant. La présente contribution a pour objet de faire le point sur le statut et les droits des aidants proches, avant, maintenant et… après ?
Usufruit et assurance du « bien » : Portée de l’article 3.151 du code civil
Authors: Verdure Christophe 
Published: April 2024

La réforme de l’usufruit, à l’occasion du nouveau droit des biens, a emporté dans son sillage une nouvelle obligation d’assurance pour tout « bien » dont la propriété est démembrée, et ce à charge de l’usufruitier. La présente contribution vise à examiner les contours de cette nouvelle obligation.
Dénonciation et actes d’écriture dans les rapports de droits humains pendant la dictature civile-militaire au Chili
Authors: Zúñiga Marcela Ruiz , Agüero Antonia Torres 
Published: April 2024

Les rapports sur les droits humains articulent et transfèrent des énoncés de victimes, de témoins et d'organisations dans des contextes de controverses sociopolitiques. En soulignant la condition médiatrice et scripturale de ces rapports, nous caractérisons le mode d'incorporation, les finalités et les valorisations attribuées aux actes d'écriture transférés du « Comité de Cooperación para la Paz en Chile » et de « Vicaría de la Solidaridad », organisations de défense des droits humains, vers quatre rapports des Nations Unies entre 1975-1979. L'analyse de 82 séquences discursives indique que les actes d'écriture associés à ces organisations locales sont reconnus et autorisés par les Nations Unies comme des sources légitimes d'information sur la répression, de même que la possession d’artefacts d’écriture (Bulletin informatif Solidarité ) fait l'objet de persécutions. Les déclarations transférées mettent en question la véracité de la version officielle de la dictature et révèlent la transformation des usages des chaînes d'écriture associées à la dénonce des violations des droits humains sous le régime autoritaire.
Pour un changement de paradigme des représentations sur les anglicismes
Authors: Julia Léopold 
Published: April 2024

Les haters d’hier sont-ils les haters d’aujourd’hui ? Depuis le pamphlet d’Étiemble paru en 1964, les puristes n’ont jamais manqué de nous alerter contre les prétendus dangers du « franglais », qui semble pourtant avoir essaimé jusqu’au plus haut sommet de notre startup nation puisque l’Académie française elle-même rendait en 2020 son « Rapport de la commission d’étude sur la communication institutionnelle en langue française », y déplorant l’usage outrancier des anglicismes. De façon ambiguë, si les discours normativo-prescriptifs sur la langue ont souvent émané, récemment, d’un conservatisme plutôt de droite, c’est aujourd’hui le néolibéralisme issu du même côté de l’échiquier politique qui emprunte excessivement à l’anglais. Témoins de ce « en même temps » politico-linguistique, certaines représentations sur les anglicismes révèlent finalement, plus qu’une dissonance cognitive, un rappel de la dichotomie saussurienne entre langue et parole et, in fine, un potentiel changement de paradigme.
Comparison of ultrasonographic measurement of gastric antral volume and pH with or without pharmacological acid aspiration prophylaxis in low-risk surgical patients – A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kannamani Balaji , Panneerselvam Sakthirajan , Rudingwa Priya , Badhe Ashok S. , Govindaraj Kirthiha , Ramamoorthy Srivats V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
The role of preoperative pharmacological prophylaxis in preventing aspiration pneumonitis under general anesthesia (GA) in patients at low risk of aspiration pneumonitis is still under debate. We addressed the need for routine pharmacological aspiration prophylaxis in at-risk population by assessing the change in gastric volume using ultrasound with and without pharmacological acid aspiration prophylaxis.

Material and Methods:
A single-center, randomized double-blinded trial, with 200 adult patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures under GA, were randomized into a prophylaxis group, in which the patients received oral famotidine and metoclopramide, and a no prophylaxis group, in which the patients did not receive any prophylaxis. Gastric volume derived from preinduction measurement of gastric antral volume by ultrasound, postinduction gastric pH, and incidences of aspiration pneumonitis were compared. Bland–Altman plot was used to determine the level of agreement between measured gastric volume and ultrasonography based on calculated gastric volume.

Results:
The gastric antral cross-sectional area (CSA) and volume in the no prophylaxis group (3.12 cm2 and 20.11 ml, respectively) were comparable to the prophylaxis group (2.56 cm2 and 19.67 ml, respectively) (P-values 0.97 and 0.63, respectively). Although there was a statistically significant decrease in gastric pH in the no prophylaxis group (P-value 0.01), it was not clinically significant to increase the risk of aspiration pneumonitis based on Roberts and Shirley criteria (P-value 0.39).

Conclusion:
In an adequately fasted low-risk population, the amount of residual gastric volume was similar and below the aspiration threshold, regardless of the aspiration prophylaxis status.
Comparison of the effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine versus ketamine on postoperative analgesia in fracture femur patients operated under subarachnoid block – A prospective randomized double-blind controlled trial
Authors: Ather Rana , Nikhar Sapna Annaji , Kar Akhay Kumar , Durga Padmaja , Prasanna Pindi Laxmi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Intravenous sedation during spinal anesthesia has the advantages of increased duration of spinal anesthesia and better postoperative pain control. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intravenous bolus and infusion of dexmedetomidine versus ketamine given intraoperative on the postoperative analgesia in fracture femur patients operated under subarachnoid block.

Material and Methods:
In this prospective randomized double-blind controlled study, 75 patients aged 18–65 years posted for elective surgery were selected and randomly divided into three groups to receive ketamine (group K), dexmedetomidine (group D), and saline (control group C). Postoperative pain was evaluated using the numerical rating scale (NRS). The duration of analgesia and the amount of analgesic consumption were also recorded. Student’s t-test and Chi-square test were used to compare the two groups, and one-way ANOVA with posthoc analysis was performed for comparison of the three groups.

Results:
Patients in the ketamine group had better postoperative analgesia as assessed by decreased pain (on the NRS scale) and decreased need for postoperative rescue analgesics (P < 0.001). The duration of sensory block and motor block was prolonged in group K as compared to the other two groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Intraoperative use of intravenous ketamine was superior to dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia in fracture femur patients operated under subarachnoid block.
The Exploring of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 and H63D Gene Polymorphisms in β-thalassemia Major: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk and Iron Overload
Authors: Hamza Hussein Yaqoub , Al-Ziaydi Ahmed Ghdhban , Alzamili Aalan Hadi Hassan 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:β-thalassemia major (βTM) is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in hemoglobin production, ineffective erythropoiesis, chronic hemolysis, lifelong blood transfusions, iron overload, and increased risk of cardiac complications.OBJECTIVE:The study aimed to evaluate the growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) concentration in βTM patients and its correlation with cardiac complications. H63D refers to a specific mutation in the HFE gene, which is associated with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), a genetic disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of iron in the body. This mutation involves a change of histidine (H) to aspartic acid (D) at position 63 in the HFE protein. This mutation is often only written abbreviated as (H63D).MATERIALS AND METHODS:This case–control study was done on 120 subjects. A total of 60 patient samples were randomly collected from the Genetic Hematology Center at the Babylon Hospital, with an age range of 10–26 years. In addition, 60 samples were collected from healthy children in the same age range as the control group; patients and controls were subdivided into (10–18) and (18–26) year groups. GDF-15 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the genotyping of mutation was done by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction technique.RESULTS:The study revealed a significant increase in ferritin (FER) and GDF-15 levels in the patients compared to controls (P< 0.001). GDF-15 showed a direct correlation with age (r= 0.244,P= 0.02) and FER (r= 0.215,P= 0.04). There was a significant difference in H63D mutations between controls and patients (P = 0.044), with a higher proportion of the C-G (heterozygous for the mutant allele) genotype observed in βTM patients (31.67%). Additionally, a notable effect of the H63D mutation on serum ferritin (higher) levels within the βTM group was observed.CONCLUSION:Elevations of the GDF-15 in βTM patients indicate a high risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with βTM. The H63D mutation of the hemostatic iron regulator (HFE) gene is frequently found in βTM. Although a significant effect of the mutation was obtained on serum FER levels, it did not act as a risk factor in βTM patients. However, the frequent presence of the H63D mutation in patients indicated a possible association between single-nucleotide polymorphism and the iron regulation pathway.
Avascular Bone Necrosis in Pediatric Patients with Sickle Cell Disease in Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Hamood Wadha Abdullah , Hassan Meaad Kadhum , Yesser Wissam Jabar 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Avascular necrosis (AVN) is regarded as a manifestation of severe sickle cell disease (SCD), with the femoral head being the most affected.

OBJECTIVES:
The main objectives of this study were to look for the frequency of AVN in pediatric patients with SCD, evaluate the clinical pattern and severity of AVN, and study the possible risk factors associated with AVN.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study has been conducted on SCD patients, aged 6–18 years, who visited the Basrah Center for Hereditary Blood Diseases from the first of February 2021 to August 2021. Patients were screened for AVN by hip plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging. The modified Ficat-Arlet staging system was used to classify different stages of AVN.

RESULTS:
The total number of screened patients was 291; 193 (66.3%) had sickle cell anemia, 71 (24.4%) with S/β0 thalassemia, 21 (7.2%) with S/β+ thalassemia, and 6 (2.1%) had S/D disease. Fifty-eight (19.9%) patients were found to have different stages of AVN; 7 (12.1%) were asymptomatic and 51 (87.9%) were symptomatic. The logistic regression analysis has revealed that frequent vaso-occlusive crises requiring hospitalization (B = 1.576, P = 0.003), acute splenic sequestration crises (B = 1.256, P = 0.003), homozygous sickle hemoglobin genotype (B = −0.208, P = 0.001), and low reticulocyte count (B = 1.452, P = 0.027) are significant variables associated with AVN.

CONCLUSION:
AVN was reported in a significant percentage of pediatric patients with SCD and was associated with selected indicators of disease severity. Further studies that evaluate the natural history, progress of AVN, and variations in selected variables over time like reticulocytes and the co-inheritance of α-thalassemia are important.
Assessing Bone Mineral Density in Sickle Cell Disease Patients and linking it to Admission Rates: A Prospective Uni-center Study
Authors: Al-Ansari Rehab Yusuf , Alshammari Amal Shilash , Woodman Alexander , Tawfiq Sama Khalid , Aldawish Majed Mutlaq , Banjar Asem Osama , Fadoul Tawasoul , Algarni Mushref Ali , Alorf Ali Mohammed , Motabgani Sameerah Mohammedakram , Habib Ahmad Abdullah 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder with bone mineral density (BMD) as a common clinical manifestation of SCD. With a prevalence of 2.6%, Saudi Arabia is among the highest incidence of SCD worldwide. The purpose of this research was to examine how SCD evolves and how it affects bone density in Saudi patients from an Eastern Province tertiary hospital.

METHODS:
This was an observational prospective study conducted in the tertiary care hospital among 119 SCD patients. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A – severe SCD patients requiring hospital care ≥3/year; and Group B included patients with a smooth course of SCD who did not require frequent hospitalization (<3 hospitalizations per year), with a milder course of the disease. Analysis was based on the frequency of hospitalizations with pain crises and measuring BMD.

RESULTS:
Of 119 patients, 73.1% had low bone density. Compared to the femur (47.9%), the spine (62.2%) had a higher prevalence of low bone density. The prevalence of low BMD did not significantly differ between the two groups (64.8 vs. 79.9%, P = 0.081). Patients with more frequent hospital visits had significantly higher Mg concentrations (2.30 vs. 0.84, P = 0.001), higher gamma-glutamyl transferase (59.44 vs. 39.49, P = 0.030), and significantly lower 25-hydroxy Vitamin D (34.82 vs. 49.48, P = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with SCD had a generally higher prevalence of low BMD. Further research is needed to answer the proposed debate about the accuracy of DXA scanning in patients with SCD.
Incidence and Predictors of Venous Thromboembolism and Mortality in Saudi Lung Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Two-center Cohort Study
Authors: Aleidan Fahad A. S. , Almesfir Reem , Alqudaibi Nada , Alqhatani Sultan , Abuelgasim Khadega A. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) frequently occurs among individuals with cancer, and lung cancer (LC) is among the malignancies associated with the highest rate of VTE development.

PURPOSE:
The study’s objective was to ascertain the incidence rates of VTE and evaluate predictors of both VTE occurrence and mortality in LC patients.

METHODS:
This two-center retrospective study involved 497 Saudi Arabian patients diagnosed with LC aged ≥ 18 years. In this study, we calculated VTE incidence and mortality rates. We conducted Cox regression analyses (both univariate and multivariate) to explore the relationship between patient characteristics, VTE, and mortality using a 95% confidence interval (CI) and hazard ratios (HRs).

RESULTS:
Among 497 LC patients, 98 developed VTE, resulting in a prevalence rate of 9.8 per 100 person-years (PYs) with a 95% CI of 8.0–11.8. Furthermore, 280 patients passed away, resulting in a mortality rate of 26.5 per 100 PY with a 95% CI of 23.9–29.3. Low albumin levels, diagnosis of nonsmall cell LC (NSCLC), and high Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status were all independent risk factors for VTE. Patients with VTE had notably higher mortality risk (HR: 3.10; 95% CI, 2.53–3.91; P < 0.001) than non-VTE patients. The Kaplan–Meier analyses showed that the predicted median time of VTE occurrence was significantly higher in small cell LC (SCLC) (33.7 months) (P = 0.002 by the log-rank test) compared to NSCLC (28.7 months) patients. Furthermore, the estimated median time of survival for NSCLC patients (23.8 months) was significantly lower than in SCLC (29.7 months) (P < 0.001 by the log-rank test).

CONCLUSION:
The study findings indicated that the VTE occurrence in LC patients was 9.8 per 100 PY, with a corresponding mortality rate of 26.5 per 100 PY. Reduced levels of albumin, ECOG performance status, and NSCLC emerged as significant risk factors of VTE. Patients who experienced VTE had a 3.10-fold higher mortality risk than non-VTE LC patients.
The matching problem between functional shapes via a $BV$ penalty term: A $\Gamma$-convergence result
Authors: Nardi Giacomo , Charlier Benjamin , Trouvé Alain 
Published: April 2024

The matching problem often arises in image processing and involves finding a correspondence between similar objects. In particular, variational matching models optimize suitable energies that evaluate the dissimilarity between the current shape and the relative template. A penalty term often appears in the energy to constrain the regularity of the solution. To perform numerical computation, a discrete version of the energy is defined. Then, the question of consistency between the continuous and discrete solutions arises. This paper proves a

\Gamma

-convergence result for the discrete energy to the continuous one. In particular, we highlight some geometric properties that must be guaranteed in the discretization process to ensure the convergence of minimizers. We prove the result in the framework introduced in the 2017 paper of Charlier et al., which studies the matching problem between geometric structures carrying on a signal (fshapes). The matching energy is defined for

L^{2}

signals and evaluates the difference between fshapes in terms of the varifold norm. This paper maintains a dual attachment term, but we consider a

BV

penalty term in place of the original

L^{2}

norm.
Novel insights into immune-related genes associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus-related cognitive impairment
Authors: Gao Jing , Zou Ying , Lv Xiao-Yu , Chen Li , Hou Xin-Guo 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
The cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifaceted and advancing state that requires further exploration to fully comprehend. Neuroinflammation is considered to be one of the main mechanisms and the immune system has played a vital role in the progression of the disease.
AIM
To identify and validate the immune-related genes in the hippocampus associated with T2DM-related cognitive impairment.
METHODS
To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between T2DM and controls, we used data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database GSE125387. To identify T2DM module genes, we used Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis. All the genes were subject to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Protein-protein interaction network construction and machine learning were utilized to identify three hub genes. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed. The three hub genes were validated in GSE152539 via receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Validation experiments including reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were conducted both in vivo and in vitro . To identify potential drugs associated with hub genes, we used the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD).
RESULTS
A total of 576 DEGs were identified using GSE125387. By taking the intersection of DEGs, T2DM module genes, and immune-related genes, a total of 59 genes associated with the immune system were identified. Afterward, machine learning was utilized to identify three hub genes (H2-T24 , Rac3 , and Tfrc ). The hub genes were associated with a variety of immune cells. The three hub genes were validated in GSE152539. Validation experiments were conducted at the mRNA and protein levels both in vivo and in vitro , consistent with the bioinformatics analysis. Additionally, 11 potential drugs associated with RAC3 and TFRC were identified based on the CTD.
CONCLUSION
Immune-related genes that differ in expression in the hippocampus are closely linked to microglia. We validated the expression of three hub genes both in vivo and in vitro , consistent with our bioinformatics results. We discovered 11 compounds associated with RAC3 and TFRC . These findings suggest that they are co-regulatory molecules of immunometabolism in diabetic cognitive impairment.