bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of liquid‐based preparation in urine cytology
Authors: Hwang Eu Chang , Park Seong Hoon , Jung Seung Il , Kwon Dong Deuk , Park Kwangsung , Ryu Soo Bang , Park Chang Soo 
Published: February 2007

Objective:  ThinPrep (TP), a liquid‐based cytological and non‐invasive technique to confirm the diagnosis of bladder cancer, is reported to be a better screening test than the conventional cytospin method. This study compared the new MonoPrep2 (MP), a liquid‐based cytological technique, with TP for diagnosing bladder cancer.Materials and Methods:  Between January 2003 and June 2004, urine samples from 284 patients were processed using the TP and MP methods. The cytological diagnosis and the determination of specimen quality were performed separately. The cytological diagnoses were classified into four categories: unsatisfactory, benign, borderline, and malignant. A subsequent biopsy was performed in 73 patients. The cytological diagnoses were compared with the biopsy results to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the two methods.Results:  Considering all the features examined, the overall specimen quality was comparable between the MP and TP techniques in the majority of cases. The rate of satisfactory specimens was 100% for TP and 98.6% for MP. The diagnostic capacity was similar between MP and TP. The overall sensitivities with MP and TP were 58.6 and 62.0%, respectively, and the specificities were 100 and 97.7%; the differences were not significant (P > 0.05).Conclusions:  MP and TP produced comparable results in diagnosing bladder cancer. As MP is less expensive than TP, we recommend MP as an alternative liquid‐based cytology method for use in bladder cancer screening.
High unique diversity of sulfate‐reducing prokaryotes characterized in a depth gradient in an acidic fen
Authors: Schmalenberger Achim , Drake Harold L. , Küsel Kirsten 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe dissimilatory reduction of sulfate contributes to the retention of sulfur in acidic mineratrophic peatlands. Novel sulfate‐reducing prokaryotes (SRPs) colonize these low‐sulfate fens. This study assessed the community structures of SRPs in a depth gradient (0–50 cm) in a fen, located in the Fichtelgebirge (Spruce Mountains), Germany. Detection of SRPs with multiplex (terminal‐) restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of amplified dissimilatory (bi)sulfite reductase genes (dsrAB) separated three subgroups derived from (i) the upper 5 and 10 cm, (ii) 15–25 cm, and (iii) 30–50 cm depth. Biogeochemical parameters measured in the soil solution from July 2001 to July 2004 documented that the upper 5–10 cm were exposed to drying and oxygenation prior to sampling. Periodic oxygenation reached a maximum depth of 25 cm in the water‐saturated fen and was concomitant with relative high concentrations of nitrate (120 μM) and sulfate (up to 310 μM). The fen soil was permanently anoxic below 30 cm depth with average concentrations of sulfate below 40 μM and maximum concentrations of methane. Cloning of dsrAB PCR products from 5, 20 and 40 cm depth yielded a total of 84 unique dsrAB restriction patterns. Partial sequencing of 61 distinct clones resulted in 59 unique partial protein sequences that mainly clustered with DsrA sequences of uncultivated sulfate reducers. Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans‐ and Syntrophobacter wolinii‐related bacteria appeared to be present only in 40 cm depth. Differences in the SRP community structures suggested that SRPs present in the upper fen soil have to tolerate O2 and even drying, whereas SRPs present in deep anoxic zones may act as syntrophic fermentors in cooperation with H2‐utilizing methanogens.
Stress, coping and consumer preferences: a two‐way transitional event history analysis
Authors: Lee Euehun , Moschis George P. , Mathur Anil 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMore than 20 years ago, Andreasen suggested the importance of studying life status changes for understanding a consumer’s likelihood of changing his or her preferences, attitudes and behaviours. The present study attempts to further advance this approach by providing a conceptual framework within which future research can be conducted. It also suggests the utilization of newly developed statistical techniques congenial to studying changes in behaviours and preferences over time. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal data are used to fill gaps in previous research and demonstrate the value of this approach. While Andreasen’s data revealed a significant negative relationship between stress due to life status changes and brand preference changes when subjected to conventional analysis, the two‐way transitional event history analysis of our data yielded a significant positive relationship between the two variables. The results suggest that when a consumer experiences high levels of stress, he or she is likely to engage in subsequent consumption‐coping behaviours which include changes in brand preferences.
Understanding gay consumers’ clothing involvement and fashion consciousness
Authors: Sha Ou , Aung May , Londerville Jane , Ralston Catherine E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study’s primary objective was to provide a better understanding of gay consumers’ clothing involvement and fashion consciousness. Personal in‐depth interviews were conducted with 13 gay professionals in Canada. One hundred and forty‐five usable survey questionnaires were also collected from gay consumers. The Fashion Involvement Index Scale (FII scale) was adapted for this study. Interview participants indicated that, in general, gay men tend to be more fashion conscious than heterosexual men. Survey results also indicated two dimensions, fashion interest and fashion awareness that were found to be stronger for this group of gay consumers than for heterosexual men. The FII value for the survey participants also resulted in a sum score mean value of 11.2, a medium level of fashion involvement that is a slightly higher level than has been found for heterosexual consumers. Interestingly, this study does not provide strong evidence of gay consumers’ involvement in cutting‐edge fashion trends.
International perspectives and initiatives
Authors: Murphy Jeannette 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article introduces a new column which will explore the way different regions and nation states are dealing with the challenges of managing health information. The intention is to draw together trends which are relevant to both health science librarians and health informatics professionals. This inaugural piece maps out the territory. It provides a rationale for the column, along with evidence of current initiatives to articulate a global perspective on the application of communication and information technologies to health information.
Characterization of 18 microsatellite loci for woodrats of the Neotoma lepida group (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Neotominae)
Authors: SOUSA BRIDGET , SVENSSON L. MARIA. E. , PATTON JAMES L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe desert woodrat complex (Neotoma lepida group) is a set of four closely related species occupying the arid lands of western North America. We have developed 18 polymorphic microsatellite loci to analyse the population structure, mating patterns, and hybridization at points of contact between the contiguously allopatric species in the complex.
Release of superoxide from skeletal muscle of adult and old mice: an experimental test of the reductive hotspot hypothesis
Authors: Close Graeme L. , Kayani Anna C. , Ashton Tony , McArdle Anne , Jackson Malcolm J. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryIncreased extracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a result of increasing reliance on glycolytic metabolism by old mitochondria‐rich tissues has been claimed to contribute to the propagation of oxidative damage during aging (the reductive hotspot hypothesis), but the process has not been examined experimentally in old animals. Superoxide activity in the extracellular fluid of gastrocnemius muscle and markers of oxidation in blood and the liver were examined in adult and old mice at rest and following a period of demanding isometric contractions. The activity of superoxide in muscle microdialysates did not differ between adult and old mice at rest, but during contractile activity, there was a significant increase in the superoxide activity in microdialysates from adult muscle but no increase in microdialysates from old muscle. At rest, the liver of old mice contained an increased malonaldehyde content and a decreased protein thiol content in comparison with adult mice, but following the contraction protocol, only the adult mice showed significant, transient increases in the serum and liver malonaldehyde content and a decrease in liver glutathione and protein thiol content. Further studies revealed that the lack of superoxide release from contracting muscle of old mice was not due to reduced force generation by these muscles. These data provide no evidence for an increased extracellular superoxide in resting or contracting skeletal muscle of old mice, or that release of superoxide from muscle contributes to oxidation of blood components in the liver in old mice as is predicted from the reductive hotspot hypothesis.
The 80 Years’ Question: The Dutch Revolt in Historical Perspective
Authors: Cruz Laura 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOnce heralded as the ‘leading event of modern times’, the Dutch Revolt took place over a period of eighty years (1568–1648) and historians have worked to interpret it for even longer. This historiographical article outlines the major points of contention and schools of thought surrounding interpretations of the deeper meaning of the Dutch bid for independence from Spanish rule. While the intellectual milieus of late nineteenth‐ and twentieth‐century Europe certainly left their mark on historical interpretations of this event, this article argues that writings about the Revolt distinctively trace changing perceptions of the role played by small countries in the history of Western Civilization. As is true in most contemporary historical scholarship, there are no more grand narratives for encompassing the Dutch Revolt in its entirety, but the article points to future directions for understanding the Revolt in its wider contexts, whether European or global.History Compassthird PODCAST is now availableThis free podcast offers a discussion between Professor Ron Schechter, retired early modern Europe editor forHistory Compass, and Dr. Laura Cruz, aHistory Compassauthor. Examining Dr Cruz’s published essay, ‘The 80 Years’ Question: The Dutch Revolt in Historical Perspective’, they discuss the field of Dutch history, how it is being affected by new global and transnational histories, the need for further theoretical development in light of the cultural and linguistic turn, and the ways this article could be used in teaching. Click here to download the podcast:http://wiley.cdn.palmerhargreaves.com/podcast/hic3/hic3‐03.mp3(12.1 MB, 16 minutes 59 seconds).
Quantification of Global Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease by Pulsed Doppler Tissue Imaging: The Value of Mitral Annulus Time Intervals
Authors: Yang Li , Wu Wei , Wang Jingfeng , Zhang Xiaoling 
Published: February 2007

Background: Mitral annulus systolic velocity measured by Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) offers an alternate method for assessment of global left ventricular systolic function. However, there has been no study correlating mitral annulus systolic time intervals with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).
Methods: Patients with angina pectoris (AP, 16 cases) and prior myocardial infarction (MI, 34 cases) were studied by pulsed DTI. Sixteen age‐matched normal subjects served as controls. The septum, lateral, anterior, and inferior walls of the mitral annulus were selected for DTI sampling. Time to peak of the systolic mitral annular wave (TS) and regional preejection period (PEP) were measured.
Results: PEP and TS were significantly longer in the MI group than that in the control and the AP groups. Both PEP and TS at all the annular sites and their two‐site averages had significantly negative correlations with LVEF (r =−0.62 to −0.68 and −0.49 to −0.62; P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: PEP and TS as measured by pulsed DTI may be promising indexes for the quantitative assessment of global left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease.
Patient consultation survey in an ophthalmic outpatient department: Table 1
Authors: Aslam S A , Colapinto P , Sheth H G , Jain R 
Published: February 2007

Introduction:Consultation methods differ between medical practitioners depending on the individual setting. However, the central tenet to the doctor–patient relationship is the issue of confidentiality. This prospective survey highlights patient attitudes towards consultation methods in the setting of an ophthalmic outpatient department.Method:Questionnaires were completed by 100 consecutive patients, who had been seen by an ophthalmologist in a single room, which had a joint doctor–patient consultation occurring simultaneously.Results:Each question of all 100 questionnaires was completed. 58% of patients were not concerned about sharing a consultation room with another patient or doctor. However, this did not equate to the 49% of patients who were indifferent to discussing issues in the joint consultation room. The most common factor was the general issue of confidentiality.Discussion:Ensuring total patient confidentiality may be deemed more necessary for certain medical specialties than for others, as seen in the practice of separate medical records in genitourinary medicine, for instance. However, with regard to patient consultations, the same level of confidentiality should be afforded across all specialties, and such factors should be borne in mind when planning outpatient clinics.
Intraseasonal Variability of the Equatorial Indian Ocean Observed from Sea Surface Height, Wind, and Temperature Data
Authors: Fu Lee-Lueng 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The forcing of the equatorial Indian Ocean by the highly periodic monsoon wind cycle creates many interesting intraseasonal variabilities. The frequency spectrum of the wind stress observations from the European Remote Sensing Satellite scatterometers reveals peaks at the seasonal cycle and its higher harmonics at 180, 120, 90, and 75 days. The observations of sea surface height (SSH) from the Jason and Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon radar altimeters are analyzed to study the ocean’s response. The focus of the study is on the intraseasonal periods shorter than the annual period. The semiannual SSH variability is characterized by a basin mode involving Rossby waves and Kelvin waves traveling back and forth in the equatorial Indian Ocean between 10°S and 10°N. However, the interference of these waves with each other masks the appearance of individual Kelvin and Rossby waves, leading to a nodal point (amphidrome) of phase propagation on the equator at the center of the basin. The characteristics of the mode correspond to a resonance of the basin according to theoretical models. For the semiannual period and the size of the basin, the resonance involves the second baroclinic vertical mode of the ocean. The theory also calls for similar modes at 90 and 60 days. These modes are found only in the eastern part of the basin, where the wind forcing at these periods is primarily located. The western parts of the theoretical modal patterns are not observed, probably because of the lack of wind forcing. There is also similar SSH variability at 120 and 75 days. The 120-day variability, with spatial patterns resembling the semiannual mode, is close to a resonance involving the first baroclinic vertical mode. The 75-day variability, although not a resonant basin mode in theory, exhibits properties similar to the 60- and 90-day variabilities with energy confined to the eastern basin, where the SSH variability seems in resonance with the local wind forcing. The time it takes an oceanic signal to travel eastward as Kelvin waves from the forcing location along the equator and back as Rossby waves off the equator roughly corresponds to the period of the wind forcing. The SSH variability at 60–90 days is coherent with sea surface temperature (SST) with a near-zero phase difference, showing the effects of the time-varying thermocline depth on SST, which may affect the wind in an ocean–atmosphere coupled process governing the intraseasonal variability.
On the Total, Mean, and Eddy Heat and Freshwater Transports in the Southern Hemisphere of a ⅛° × ⅛° Global Ocean Model
Authors: Meijers A. J. , Bindoff N. L. , Roberts J. L. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The large-scale volume, heat, and freshwater ocean transports in the Southern Hemisphere are investigated using time-averaged output from a seasonless, high-resolution general circulation model. The ocean circulation is realistic, and property transports are comparable to observations. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) carries 144 Sv (Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) of water eastward across Drake Passage, increasing to 155 Sv south of Australia because of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). There is a clear Indo-Pacific gyre around Australia exchanging −10 Sv, 0.9 PW of heat, and 0.2 Sv of freshwater through the ITF, and there is a 9-Sv leakage from the Tasman Sea to the Indian Ocean. The transport of heat and freshwater by eddies is localized to the upper 1000 m of the water column and specific regions, such as western boundary currents, confluences, and the subantarctic front (SAF). Eddy transport of heat and freshwater is negligible in gyre interiors and south of the SAF but is vital across the northern edge of the ACC, in particular at the Agulhas Retroflection where eddies accomplish almost 100% of the net ocean heat and 60% of the southward freshwater transport. The eddy transport is almost zero across the latitude of Drake Passage while in a quasi-Lagrangian frame eddy transports are significant across the ACC but surprisingly are still smaller than the mean transport of heat. Mean and eddy property transport divergences are found to be strongly compensating in areas of high eddy activity. This is caused by increased baroclinic instability in strong mean flows, which induces an opposing eddy transport. This relationship is observed to be stronger in the case of horizontal heat transport than in corresponding horizontal freshwater transports.
Adjoint Sensitivity of an Ocean General Circulation Model to Bottom Topography
Authors: Losch Martin , Heimbach Patrick 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Bottom topography, or more generally the geometry of the ocean basins, is an important ingredient in numerical ocean modeling. With the help of an adjoint model, it is shown that scalar diagnostics or objective functions in a coarse-resolution model, such as the transport through Drake Passage, the strength of the Atlantic Ocean meridional overturning circulation, the Deacon cell, and the meridional heat transport across 32°S, are sensitive to bottom topography as much as they are to surface boundary conditions. For example, adjoint topography sensitivities of the transport through Drake Passage are large in choke-point areas such as the Crozet–Kerguélen Plateau and south of New Zealand; the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation is sensitive to topography in the western boundary region of the North Atlantic Ocean and along the Scotland–Iceland Ridge. Many sensitivities are connected to steep topography and can be interpreted in terms of bottom form stress, that is, the product of bottom pressure and topography gradient. The adjoint sensitivities are found to agree with direct perturbation methods with deviations smaller than 30% for significant perturbations on time scales of 100 yr, so that the assumption of quasi linearity that is implicit in the adjoint method holds. The horizontal resolution of the numerical model affects the sensitivities to bottom topography, but large-scale patterns and the overall impact of changes in topography appear to be robust. The relative impact of changes in topography and surface boundary conditions on the model circulation is estimated by multiplying the adjoint sensitivities with assumed uncertainties. If the uncertainties are correlated in space, changing the surface boundary conditions has a larger impact on the scalar diagnostics than topography does, but the effects can locally be on the same order of magnitude if uncorrelated uncertainties are assumed. In either case, bottom topography variations within their prior uncertainties affect the solution of an ocean circulation model. To this extent, including topography in the control vector can be expected to compensate for identifiable model errors and, thus, to improve the solutions of estimation problems.
A review of salient elements defining team collaboration in paediatric rehabilitation
Authors: Nijhuis B JG , Reinders-Messelink H A , de Blécourt A CE , Olijve W G , Groothoff J W , Nakken H , Postema K 
Published: February 2007

Objective: To explicate the complex process of team collaboration and identify salient elements of team collaboration in paediatric rehabilitation. Data sources: After an initial search to define key features of team collaboration a systematic search on team collaboration and the key features was executed to identify salient elements. The systematic search was carried out in Index Medicus (MEDLINE), Educational Resource Information Clearinghouse (ERIC) and American Psychological Association (Psyc INFO) covering the period from January 1993 to December 2004. Review methods: Based on title and abstract relevant publications were identified and qualitatively assessed by two reviewers. To facilitate the interpretation of the salient elements, the articles were also classified according to the criteria ‘participants and setting’ and ‘research method’. Results: Of the total of 930 identified publications 28 studies proved eligible and were subsequently assessed. The evaluation yielded 29 salient elements defining five key features of team collaboration (i.e. communication, decision making, goal setting, organization and team process). Parent involvement proved to play a dominant role and was mentioned in relation to all five features. Conclusions: Based on the results, rather than an underlying element, it is proposed to consider parent involvement as the sixth feature of team collaboration. The 29 distinctive elements of teamwork could be useful as a guideline and checklist for empirical studies and may help enhance multidisciplinary collaboration in paediatric care. However, additional exploratory research focusing on the way these elements interact with each other and the key features and whether they facilitate or restrict team collaboration is warranted.