bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The normal and abnormal anatomy of the coronary arteries
Authors: Loukas Marios , Groat Christopher , Khangura Rajkamal , Owens Deyzi Gueorguieva , Anderson Robert H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBeneficial therapeutic options are increasingly available for coronary arterial disease. To take full advantage of these options, those performing the interventions require a thorough knowledge of the normal arrangement, and likely anatomic variations, of the coronary arterial system. A comprehensive appreciation of the architecture of the coronary arterial system, therefore, is crucial to optimal cardiac care. Simple attention to potential variations in the origin and course of the major coronary arteries can greatly enhance clinical outcomes. The objective of this review, therefore, is to describe the normal anatomical distribution of the coronary arteries in the human heart, and to list the most common arterial variations. Clin. Anat. 22:114–128, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intergroup contact in Romania: When minority size is positively related to intergroup conflict
Authors: Cernat Vasile 
Published: December 2008

AbstractContexts in which minority size is positively related to intergroup conflict are challenging for the contact hypothesis. In such situations, if opportunities for contact increase prejudice, the contact hypothesis may seem less credible, but if they reduce prejudice, the contact hypothesis may seem less useful for improving intergroup relations. Based on path analyses run on a Romanian national probability sample (N = 733), the current research shows that the contact hypothesis can nevertheless be relevant. Because the Hungarian minority is concentrated in Transylvania, a region with a long history of conflict between Romanians and Hungarians, Transylvanians have more opportunities for out‐group contact than other Romanians. However, the analyses also detected significant differences within Transylvania: Urban Transylvanians have more opportunities for contact with Hungarians than rural Transylvanians and, consequently, are less negative towards them. The results, which closely match recent historical events, suggest that a proper application of the contact hypothesis at a societal level has to take into account that minority size is not necessarily equivalent to opportunities for contact and that inter‐regional comparisons in opportunities for contact can hide significant intra‐regional differences. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceived strengths of urban girls and boys experiencing homelessness
Authors: Israel Nathaniel , Jozefowicz‐Simbeni Debra M. Hernandez 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHomelessness, with concomitant poverty and mobility, is often associated with multiple negative outcomes for school‐aged children; less is known about the positive characteristics of children experiencing homelessness. This study focused on understanding the mother‐perceived strengths of 50 elementary school‐aged children experiencing homelessness. Mothers typically identified multiple child strengths, even among children experiencing emotional or behavioural difficulties. These strengths included positive personality and behavioural characteristics, intelligence and academic achievement and positive physical attributes. Implications for intervention and further research are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negative consequences of community group participation for women's mental health and well‐being: Implications for gender aware social capital building
Authors: Osborne Katy , Baum Fran , Ziersch Anna 
Published: December 2008

AbstractParticipation in community groups is argued to be an important way to create health‐promoting social capital. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the ways in which gender affects the health promotion potential of participation. This paper reports on a qualitative study of women's experiences of participation in a diverse range of community groups, and considers how such involvement can potentially have a negative impact upon mental well‐being. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 30 women in Adelaide, South Australia. Women's accounts of their group involvement reflected that their identities as mothers were particularly important in shaping their participation. Some women reported difficulties in combining group involvement with their family responsibilities. Stress attached to negotiating social interaction within groups was also raised as an issue. It was found that participation can reinforce gender inequality and potentially have severe negative consequences for mental health, issues that need to be considered alongside the potential health benefits. The findings are considered in light of Bourdieu's critical conceptualization of social capital. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is there space for time in social psychology publications? A content analysis across five journals
Authors: Spini Dario , Elcheroth Guy , Figini Daniel 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTo what extent can social psychology study individuals within social contexts without strengthening theories and methods appropriate for the analysis of individual development within changing societies? Theoretical and epistemological arguments stressing the centrality of a temporal dimension are reviewed. In order to generate an objective picture of the current research practices, a standardized content analysis was carried out on 699 empirical studies published around 2000 in the European Journal of Social Psychology (EJSP), the British Journal of Social Psychology (BJSP), the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JPSP), the Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology (JCASP) and Social Psychology Quarterly (SPQ). This corpus was completed by a four‐point longitudinal analysis—1972/1986/1993/2000—of BJSP, EJSP and JPSP publications. Findings reveal that most empirical studies are carried out on student samples and do not include time‐ or age‐related explanatory variables, particularly in European mainstream publications. Structural analyses taking into account research methods, research topics, journals, and countries of the first authors suggest two oppositions that organize the field of research: a laboratory versus contextualized approach and a developmental versus monographic approach of social psychology. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parental negotiations of the moral terrain of risk in relation to young people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Almack Kathryn , Clegg Jennifer , Murphy Elizabeth 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper draws upon parental accounts from a study of the process of transition for a cohort of 28 young people with relatively severe intellectual disabilities who left special schools in 2004 and 2005 in two adjacent English localities. This paper examines how parents negotiate these boundaries and position themselves in relation to risk. A primary concern identified by parents during this transition period focuses on the risk of harm facing these vulnerable young people (whether through accidents or through sexual, emotional, physical or financial abuse) as they move into the adult world. These concerns are juxtaposed with discourses that increasingly promote the possibilities for people with intellectual disabilities to express and follow their own wishes and aspirations. For example, the policy agenda in England and Wales actively endorses the start of adult life as a time of opportunity for young people and promotes the values of independence and choice. In accounting for the management of risk in the young people's lives, we conclude that parents navigate complex boundaries between being seen to be over‐protective and ‘letting go’; between trusting others to act in the young adults' best interests and allowing these young people the autonomy to negotiate risk. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Access to reproductive technologies by single women and lesbians: Social representations and public debate
Authors: Correia Helen , Broderick Pia 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA landmark decision in 2000 by the Federal Court of Australia (FCA) allowed access to medically assisted reproductive technologies (MART) regardless of marital status, i.e. by single women and lesbians. This decision sparked much debate, including comments by the Prime Minister of Australia and hundreds of letters to newspapers around the country. In this study, 180 letters to the editor in two newspapers were analyzed to identify themes and processes relevant to conceptualizing who should have access to MART. Representations of family were particularly evident and themes supported the traditional family structure of a mother, father and children, arguing that access to MART should be restricted to this family form. However, emerging representations of family, based on themes of positive parenting values, independent of gender and number of parents, were also observed, suggesting that political agendas restricting MART to heterosexual family structures are not supported by public consensus, or by the emerging acceptance of alternative family forms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of Cetoniacytone A, an Unusual Aminocyclitol from the Endosymbiotic BacteriumActinomycessp. Lu 9419
Authors: Wu Xiumei , Flatt Patricia M. , Xu Hui , Mahmud Taifo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of the antitumor agent cetoniacytone A was identified inActinomycessp. strain Lu 9419, an endosymbiotic bacterium isolated from the intestines of the rose chafer beetle (Cetonia aurata). The nucleotide sequence analysis of the 46 kb DNA region revealed the presence of 31 complete ORFs, including genes predicted to encode a 2‐epi‐5‐epi‐valiolone synthase (CetA), a glyoxalase/bleomycin resistance protein (CetB), an acyltransferase (CetD), an FAD‐dependent dehydrogenase (CetF2), two oxidoreductases (CetF1 and CetG), two aminotransferases (CetH and CetM), and a pyranose oxidase (CetL). CetA has previously been demonstrated to catalyze the cyclization of sedoheptulose 7‐phosphate to the cyclic intermediate, 2‐epi‐5‐epi‐valiolone. In this report, the glyoxalase/bleomycin resistance protein homolog CetB was identified as a 2‐epi‐5‐epi‐valiolone epimerase (EVE), a new member of the vicinal oxygen chelate (VOC) superfamily. The 24 kDa recombinant histidine‐tagged CetB was found to form a homodimer; each monomer contains two βαβββ scaffolds that form a metal binding site with two histidine and two glutamic acid residues. A BLAST search using the newly isolated cet biosynthetic genes revealed an analogous suite of genes in the genome ofFrankia alniACN14a, suggesting that this plant symbiotic nitrogen‐fixing bacterium is capable of producing a secondary metabolite related to the cetoniacytones.
The Molecular Basis of Inhibition of Golgi α‐Mannosidase II by Mannostatin A
Authors: Kuntz Douglas A. , Zhong Wei , Guo Jun , Rose David R. , Boons Geert‐Jan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMannostatin A is a potent inhibitor of the mannose‐trimming enzyme, Golgi α‐mannosidase II (GMII), which acts late in the N‐glycan processing pathway. Inhibition of this enzyme provides a route to blocking the transformation‐associated changes in cancer cell surface oligosaccharide structures. Here, we report on the synthesis of new Mannostatin derivatives and analyze their binding in the active site of Drosophila GMII by X‐ray crystallography. The results indicate that the interaction with the backbone carbonyl of Arg876 is crucial to the high potency of the inhibitor—an effect enhanced by the hydrophobic interaction between the thiomethyl group and an aromatic pocket vicinal to the cleavage site. The various structures indicate that differences in the hydration of protein–ligand complexes are also important determinants of plasticity as well as selectivity of inhibitor binding.
Riboswitches: Ancient and Promising Genetic Regulators
Authors: Blouin Simon , Mulhbacher Jérôme , Penedo J. Carlos , Lafontaine Daniel A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBait and switch: Metabolite‐sensing riboswitches make use of RNA structural modulation to regulate gene expression, as illustrated in the scheme, in response to subtle changes in metabolite concentrations. This review describes the current knowledge about naturally occurring riboswitches and their growing potential as antibacterial cellular targets and as molecular biosensors.magnified imageNewly discovered metabolite‐sensing riboswitches have revealed that cellular processes extensively make use of RNA structural modulation to regulate gene expression in response to subtle changes in metabolite concentrations. Riboswitches are involved at various regulation levels of gene expression, such as transcription attenuation, translation initiation, mRNA splicing and mRNA processing. Riboswitches are found in the three kingdoms of life, and in various cases, are involved in the regulation of essential genes, which makes their regulation an essential part of cell survival. Because riboswitches operate without the assistance of accessory proteins, they are believed to be remnants of an ancient time, when gene regulation was strictly based on RNA, from which are left numerous “living molecular fossils”, as exemplified by ribozymes, and more spectacularly, by the ribosome. Due to their nature, riboswitches hold high expectations for the manipulation of gene expression and the detection of small metabolites, and also offer an unprecedented potential for the discovery of novel classes of antimicrobial agents.
Hydrogen Bonds as Structural Directive towards Unusual Polynuclear Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Copper(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes with a 2‐Aminoglucose Ligand
Authors: Burkhardt Anja , Spielberg Eike T. , Simon Sascha , Görls Helmar , Buchholz Axel , Plass Winfried 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe reaction of benzyl 2‐amino‐4,6‐O‐benzylidene‐2‐deoxy‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside (HL) with the metal salts Cu(ClO4)2⋅6 H2O and Ni(NO3)2⋅6 H2O affords via self‐assembly a tetranuclear μ4‐hydroxido bridged copper(II) complex [(μ4‐OH)Cu4(L)4(MeOH)3(H2O)](ClO4)3 (1) and a trinuclear alcoholate bridged nickel(II) complex [Ni3(L)5(HL)]NO3 (2), respectively. Both complexes crystallize in the acentric space group P21. The X‐ray crystal structure reveals the rare (μ4‐OH)Cu4O4 core for complex 1 which is μ2‐alcoholate bridged. The copper(II) ions possess a distorted square‐pyramidal geometry with an [NO4] donor set. The core is stabilized by hydrogen bonding between the coordinating amino group of the glucose backbone and the benzylidene protected oxygen atom O4 of a neighboring {Cu(L)} fragment as hydrogen‐bond acceptor. For complex 2 an [N4O2] donor set is observed at the nickel(II) ions with a distorted octahedral geometry. The trinuclear isosceles Ni3 core is bridged by μ3‐alcoholate O3 oxygen atoms of two glucose ligands. The two short edges are capped by μ2‐alcoholate O3 oxygen atoms of the two ligands coordinated at the nickel(II) ion at the vertex of these two edges. Along the elongated edge of the triangle a strong hydrogen bond (244 pm) between the O3 oxygen atoms of ligands coordinating at the two relevant nickel(II) ions is observed. The coordinating amino groups of the these two glucose ligands are involved in additional hydrogen bonds with O4 oxygen atoms of adjacent ligands further stabilizing the trinuclear core. The carbohydrate backbones in all cases adopt the stable 4C1 chair conformation and exhibit the rare chitosan‐like trans‐2,3‐chelation. Temperature dependent magnetic measurements indicate an overall antiferromagnetic behavior for complex 1 with J1=−260 and J2=−205 cm−1 (g=2.122). Compound 2 is the first ferromagnetically coupled trinuclear nickel(II) complex with JA=16.4 and JB=11.0 cm−1 (g1,2=2.183, g3=2.247). For the high‐spin nickel(II) centers a zero‐field splitting of D1,2=3.7 cm−1 and D3=1.8 cm−1 is observed. The S=3 ground state of complex 2 is consistent with magnetization measurements at low temperatures.
Complex Long‐Range Magnetic Ordering Behaviors in Anisotropic Cobalt(II)–Azide Multilayer Systems
Authors: Gao En‐Qing , Liu Pei‐Pei , Wang Yan‐Qin , Yue Qi , Wang Qing‐Lun 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe crystal structures and magnetic properties of two new CoII molecular magnets, [Co(N3)2(btzb)] (1) and [Co(N3)2(btze)2] (2), are described and discussed (btzb=1,4‐bis(tetrazol‐1‐yl)butane and btze=1,4‐bis(tetrazol‐1‐yl)ethane). In the materials, (4,4) layers with μ‐1,3‐azide bridges are cross‐linked by the monolayered btzb bridging ligands or spaced by bilayered btze terminal ligands to give a 3D (1) or 2D (2) coordination network with significantly different interlayer separations (10.6 vs. 15.2 Å). The observation that the layers in 1 and 2 are almost identical have not only allowed us to determine how the interlayer separation imposes its influences on their magnetic behavior, but also helps us understand the complex magnetic behavior of each structure. In the high‐temperature range (>25 K), almost identical magnetic behaviors, typical of 2D antiferromagnetic systems, are observed for 1 and 2. At low temperature they exhibit unusual and different behaviors that combine spin canting (weak ferromagnetism), metamagnetism, and stepped hysteresis. It has been found that the interlayer separation has little influence on the ordering temperature (23 vs. 22 K), but imposes very‐strong influence on the metamagnetic critical field (6500 vs. 450 Oe), the coercivity (7500 vs. 650 Oe), and the hysteresis‐step size. It may also play an adjusting role in determining the canting angle. Taking into account the strong anisotropy of the systems and the interlayer dipolar interactions, we have reasonably interpreted the unusual metamagnetic and hysteresis behaviors and the differences between 1 and 2. In particularly, the stepped hysteresis loops have been explained by two weak ferromagnetic states.
(2,2‐Diphenyl‐[1,3]oxathiolan‐5‐ylmethyl)‐(3‐phenyl‐propyl)‐amine: a Potent and Selective 5‐HT1AReceptor Agonist
Authors: Franchini Silvia , Tait Annalisa , Prandi Adolfo , Sorbi Claudia , Gallesi Rossella , Buccioni Michela , Marucci Gabriella , De Stefani Carla , Cilia Antonio , Brasili Livio 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA selective 5‐HT1Areceptor agonist: A new series of ligands acting at 5‐HT1Aserotonin receptor were identified. Among them (2,2‐diphenyl‐[1,3]oxathiolan‐5‐yl‐methyl)‐(3‐phenyl‐propyl)amine (shown) possesses outstanding activity (pKi=8.72, pD2=7.67,Emax=85) and selectivity (5‐HT1A/α1D>150), and represents a new 5‐HT1Aagonist chemotype.magnified imageStarting from compound1, a previously reported α1D‐adrenoceptors antagonist, a new series of ligands acting at 5‐HT1Aserotonin receptor were identified through simple structure modifications. Among them (2,2‐diphenyl‐[1,3]oxathiolan‐5‐yl‐methyl)‐(3‐phenyl‐propyl)amine (19) exhibits outstanding activity (pKi=8.72, pD2=7.67,Emax=85) and selectivity (5‐HT1A/α1D>150), and represents an as yet unidentified 5‐HT1Aagonist scaffold.
Exploring the Implications of Vitamin B12 Conjugation to Insulin on Insulin Receptor Binding
Authors: Petrus Amanda K. , Allis Damian G. , Smith Robert P. , Fairchild Timothy J. , Doyle Robert P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe dynamic behavior of insulin in solution and its binding geometry with the insulin receptor (IR) have been the focus of experimental and computational studies. We investigated how the structure of an orally deliverable insulin changes in solution after vitamin B12 conjugation and its effect on IR binding capacity. In vitro immunoelectron microscopy confirms conjugate activity, IR binding, and cellular uptake.magnified imageWe recently reported a vitamin B12 (B12) based insulin conjugate that produced significantly decreased blood glucose levels in diabetic STZ‐rat models. The results of this study posed a fundamental question, namely what implications does B12 conjugation have on insulin's interaction with the insulin receptor (IR)? To explore this question we used a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and immunoelectron microscopy, and the results are described herein. This investigation demonstrates that chemical modification of insulin by linking relatively large pendant groups does not inherently interfere with IR recognition. Furthermore, given that we have previously demonstrated a significant drop in blood glucose concentration following the oral administration of the B12–insulin bioconjugate used in this work, it is reasonable to conclude that the IR recognition described herein is associated with maintenance of biological activity for insulin. This outcome offers significant research scope for chemical modification of insulin with the purpose of improving oral‐uptake efficiency.
Tritium‐LabeledN1‐[3‐(1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)propyl]‐N2‐propionylguanidine ([3H]UR‐PI294), a High‐Affinity Histamine H3and H4Receptor Radioligand
Authors: Igel Patrick , Schnell David , Bernhardt Günther , Seifert Roland , Buschauer Armin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHistamine mediatesits various functions through four histamine receptor subtypes. The H3subtype is mainly found in the central nervous system, where it modulates the release of histamine and other neurotransmitters, whereas the H4subtype plays a crucial role in inflammatory and immunological processes. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of a conveniently accessible tritiated radioligand is reported that proved to be a versatile pharmacological probe.magnified imageThis study reports the synthesis and pharmacological characterization of tritium‐labeledN1‐[3‐(1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)propyl]‐N2‐propionylguanidine ([3H]UR‐PI294), a novel and readily accessible radioligand for the human histamine H3receptor (hH3R) and H4receptor (hH4R). The radioligand displays high affinity for both histamine receptor subtypes (KD(hH3R)=1.1 nM,KD(hH4R)=5.1 nM) and is shown to be a valuable pharmacological tool for the determination of hH3R and hH4R affinities.
Photodynamics of a PV Trimer in High‐Viscosity Solvents and in PMMA Films: A New Insight into Energy Transfer versus Conformational Relaxation in Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Di Paolo Roberto E. , Burrows Hugh D. , Morgado Jorge , Maçanita António L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNon‐Stokes–Einstein relaxation: The rate constant of conformational relaxation of a phenylenevinylene trimer (see picture) in different solvents is proportional to η−α, with α values decreasing from close to unity (low viscosity) to zero at sufficiently high solvent viscosity. This behaviour is attributed to the flexible methylbutyl side chains of the trimer, which partially screen the solvent friction.magnified imageThe p‐phenylenevinylene (PV) trimer (MBOPV3) was used to probe the effect of conformational relaxation on fluorescence decays of PV‐based polymers in the high solvent viscosity regime, from n‐hexadecane (3.45 cP at 293 K) to liquid paraffin (123 cP at 293 K), and in dilute poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) solid films. The effect of intermolecular energy transfer and radiative transport on the fluorescence decays was also analysed by increasing the concentration of MBOPV3 in the PMMA films up to a pure MBOPV3 film. The rate constant of conformational relaxation was found to decrease with increasing solvent viscosity up to about 23 cP, but then becomes viscosity independent. The non‐Stokes–Einstein behaviour of kCR versus η over the whole viscosity range apparently results from the presence of the flexible methylbutyl side chains of MBOPV3, which partially screens the solvent friction. Conformational relaxation is not observed in very dilute PMMA solid films, where the fluorescence decay becomes single exponential. The decays become multi‐exponential again with an increase of MBOPV3 concentration in the PMMA films, but in this case it is due to intermolecular (interchain) energy transfer from less planar to more planar conformations of MBOPV3. In the pure MBOPV3 film, interchain energy transfer (radiative and non‐radiative) is the major process responsible for the observed (tetra‐exponential) decays.