bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saccular damage in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss without vertigo
Authors: Hong Seok Min , Byun Jae Yong , Park Chan Hum , Lee Jun Ho , Park Moon Suh , Cha Chang Il 
Published: September 2008

ObjectiveSaccule could be damaged in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) with vertigo and with high‐frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Thus, the saccule might be deteriorated subclinically in ISSHL cases without vertigo. Therefore, we investigated saccular damage in ISSHL patients without vertigo through vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP).Study DesignA prospective study.Subjects and MethodsFifty‐two patients with ISSHL without vertigo were enrolled in the study. We identified VEMP in patients with ISSHL and analyzed the association of VEMP with initial hearing threshold, each threshold according to frequency, the type of audiogram, and hearing recovery.ResultsFor cases with absent VEMP, we found significant differences between patients with 90 dB or more hearing loss and those with a hearing loss less than 55 dB with frequencies over 1000 Hz. Patients with profound hearing loss presented significantly high abnormal and absent VEMP than patients with audiograms of other types.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the subclinical deterioration of the saccular neuroepithelium is associated with patients with ISSHL having profound hearing loss at the high frequency.
Paranasal sinus mucoceles with skull‐base and/or orbital erosion: Is the endoscopic approach sufficient?
Authors: Sautter Nathan B. , Citardi Martin J. , Perry Julian , Batra Pete S. 
Published: September 2008

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to review the management of paranasal sinus mucoceles with skull‐base and/or orbital erosion in the endoscopic era.Study DesignA retrospective data analysis.MethodsA chart review was performed on 57 patients treated from January 2001 to March 2007.ResultsThe average age at the time of presentation was 50.6 years with a 1:1 male: female ratio. The most common site was the frontal sinus (54.4%), followed by frontoethmoid (29.8%) and sphenoid (8.8%). Areas of erosion included skull base (40.4%), orbit (50.9%), and both orbit and skull base (8.8%). Endoscopic drainage using image guidance was used in all 57 patients without complications. Fifty‐six cases (98.2%) had a functionally patent mucocele opening with a median follow‐up of 15 months.ConclusionsThe endoscopic approach can be safely used for the management of mucoceles with skull‐base and/or orbital erosion. Open adjunct approaches can be avoided in most cases.
Effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on irradiation‐induced rhinosinusitis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Hu Ko‐Hsin , Tan Ching‐Ting , Lin Kai‐Nan , Cheng Ya‐Jian , Huang Hung‐Meng 
Published: September 2008

ObjectivesWe evaluated the effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on irradiation‐induced rhinosinusitis of the maxillary‐sinus mucosa among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).DesignSurgical outcomes were evaluated by changes to the ultrastructure of the antral mucosa and nasomucociliary clearance.MethodsTwenty‐one NPC patients with irradiation‐induced chronic sinusitis were enrolled in the study, along with five controls. Specimens were taken from 42 maxillary sinuses during surgery and 1 year after surgery. Saccharin transit time was measured before the initial surgery and 1 year after surgery.ResultsIn the postoperative cases, we found a decrease in the number of the submucosal gland openings (P < 0.05), the cilia in the antral mucosa regenerated (P < 0.05), and the saccharin transit time reduced (P < 0.05); the number of goblet cells did not change.ConclusionEndoscopic sinus surgery is an effective treatment for irradiation‐induced rhinosinusitis in NPC patients, improving ventilation and drainage of the paranasal sinuses, and facilitating regeneration of the sinus mucosa.
Second free tissue transfers in head and neck reconstruction
Authors: McCarn Kate E. , Ghanem Tamer , Tartaglia Jennifer , Gross Neil , Andersen Peter , Wax Mark K. 
Published: September 2008

ObjectiveAs the era of free tissue transfer for head and neck reconstruction matures, more patients are requiring second resections and reconstructions. Our objective was to evaluate: patient characteristics, reconstructive options, flap survival, perioperative morbidity, and mortality.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.Subjects and MethodsSixty‐five patients underwent a second free tissue transfer separate from the time of the primary flap.ResultsThe most common (53%) reason for a second flap was tumor recurrence. The most common flaps used were radial forearm and fibula in both the first and second reconstructions. Larger flaps were used in the second reconstruction. Inhospital mortality was 4.6 percent; medical complications occurred in 5 percent of patients. Flap survival was 97 percent; 13 percent of second flaps returned to the operating room for complications. Eight patients had a third free flap.ConclusionA second free tissue transfer is a viable resource in head and neck reconstruction. Acceptable rates of flap survival and complications are encountered.
The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in port‐wine stains
Authors: Vural Emre , Ramakrishnan Jeevan , Cetin Neslihan , Buckmiller Lisa , Suen James Y. , Fan Chun‐Yang 
Published: September 2008

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGF‐R2) in port‐wine stains (PWSs).DesignAn immunohistochemistry (IHC) study on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens.MethodsRepresentative sections from surgical resection specimens of 12 PWS patients and 12 control specimens stained with routine IHC by using polyclonal anti‐VEGF and anti–VEGF‐R2 antibodies. Slides were evaluated semiquantitatively for the intensity of staining for VEGF and VEGF‐R2 by using a scoring system varying from 0 to 3+.ResultsPWS specimens showed statistically significant overexpression of both VEGF and VEGF‐R2 molecules when compared with control specimens (P < 0.005).ConclusionsVEGF and its receptor may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PWS. It is possible that PWS may progress by hyperplasia in addition to hypertrophy. VEGF‐R blockade may have a potential role as a targeted approach in the treatment of this disfiguring condition in the future.
Dose‐related effect of intranasal corticosteroids on treatment outcome of persistent allergic rhinitis
Authors: Kirtsreesakul Virat , Chansaksung Prichaya , Ruttanaphol Suwalee 
Published: September 2008

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of the self‐adjustable dosing regimen and explore potential dose‐response relationships of intranasal corticosteroids in persistent allergic rhinitis.Study DesignProspective cohort study.Subjects and MethodsSixty‐nine persistent allergic rhinitis patients were treated with 220 mcg of intranasal triamcinolone acetonide for 28 days. Patients with mild, intermittent symptoms were instructed to use the medication only after symptoms occurred once a day. Patients with symptoms that lasted more than 1 day and/or interrupted daily activities/sleep were instructed to continue the morning daily dose until they were symptom‐free for 24 hours before stopping usage.ResultsAll nasal symptom scores and peak expiratory flow index (PEFI) showed statistically significant improvements after treatment. At 28 days after treatment, the number of puffs and weight of steroids used were positively correlated with percentages of improvement in total symptoms score (TSS) and PEFI (ρ = 0.529, r = 0.571 and ρ = 0.350, r = 0.509 respectively). When at least 1400 mcg or 44 puffs were used, 60% TSS and 10% PEFI improvement were achieved.ConclusionA self‐adjustable dosing approach proved to be an efficacious approach to controlling allergic rhinitis.
Endoscopic management of subglottic stenosis
Authors: Bakthavachalam Sivi , McClay John E. 
Published: September 2008

ObjectivesDetermine the effectiveness of endoscopic surgical treatment of subglottic stenosis (SGS) in children as a primary surgical modality to prevent laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) and as treatment for restenosis following primary LTR to prevent revision LTR.PatientsChildren undergoing various endoscopic surgical treatments from 1989 to 2006 for SGS.ResultsThe number of children and success rates per grade of SGS and the number of procedures required to produce a successful result in 29 children initially managed endoscopically included grade I, three of three (100%), 1.3 procedures; grade II, eight of nine (88%), 2.6 procedures; and grade III, 13 of 17 (76%), 3.5 procedures. Of 102 patients undergoing open LTR, 56 of 102 required endoscopic interventions and 41 of 56 (73%) children were treated successfully.ConclusionEndoscopic intervention can be used to manage SGS either as a primary intervention or to treat reobstruction and restenosis following an open reconstructive procedure. Success rates decline as the severity of stenosis increases.
SCHREIER CONDITIONS ON CHIEF FACTORS AND RESIDUALS OF SOLVABLE-LIKE GROUP FORMATIONS
Authors: KAPLAN GIL , LEVY DAN 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLet α be a formation of finite groups which is closed under subgroups and group extensions and which contains the formation of solvable groups. Let G be any finite group. We state and prove equivalences between conditions on chief factors of G and structural characterizations of the α-residual and theα-radical of G. We also discuss the connection of our results to the generalized Fitting subgroup of G.
Effect of calcium salts of a mixture of conjugated linoleic acids containingtrans-10,cis-12 in the diet on milk fat synthesis in goats
Authors: Shingfield Kevin J. , Rouel Jacques , Chilliard Yves 
Published: September 2008

Dietary supplements of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) containingtrans-10,cis-12 CLA decrease milk fat secretion in the lactating cow and sheep, but their effects on mammary lipogenesis in the goat are less well defined. Eight lactating goats were used in two 4 × 4 Latin-square experiments with 14 d experimental periods to examine the effects of calcium salts of CLA methyl esters (CaCLA) containingtrans-10,cis-12 on milk fat synthesis. Experimental treatments consisted of incremental inclusion of 0, 30, 60 or 90 g of CaCLA/d (corresponding to 7·47, 14·9 and 22·4 g/d oftrans-10,cis-12 CLA) offered during the first 10 d of each experimental period that replaced maize grain in concentrates (Experiment 1) or calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids (Experiment 2). Relative to the control, inclusion of 30, 60 or 90 g CaCLA/d in the diet reduced milk fat yield by 19·8, 27·9 and 32·3 % and 17·5, 39·0 and 49·3 % in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Decreases in milk fat were due to reductions in the secretion of fatty acids synthesisedde novorather than the uptake of fatty acids from the peripheral circulation. Indirect comparisons with the studies in the lactating cow indicated a lower efficacy of CaCLA supplements on mammary lipogenesis in the goat. In conclusion, CaCLA in the diet inhibits milk fat synthesis in the goat, responses that are dependent on the supply of dietary fatty acids, with evidence that the caprine is less sensitive to the anti-lipogenic effects oftrans-10,cis-12 CLA compared with the bovine or ovine.
A City With a View: The Afforestation of the Delhi Ridge, 1883–1913
Authors: MANN MICHAEL , SEHRAWAT SAMIKSHA 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDespite the contemporary importance of the Ridge forest to the city of Delhi as its most important ‘green lung’, the concept of urban forestry has been explored neither by urban historians studying Delhi nor by environmental historians. This article places the colonial efforts to plant a forest on the Delhi Ridge from 1883 to 1913 within the context of the gradual deforestation of the countryside around Delhi and the local colonial administration's preoccupation with encouraging arboriculture. This project of colonial forestry prioritized the needs of the white colonizers living in Delhi, while coming into conflict repeatedly with indigenous peasants. With the decision to transfer the capital to Delhi in 1911, the afforestation of the Delhi Ridge received a further stimulus. Town planners' visions of a building the capital city of New Delhi were meant to assert the grandeur of British rule through imposing buildings, with the permanence of the British in India being emphasised by the strategic location of the ruins of earlier empires within the city. The principles of English landscape gardening inspired the planning of New Delhi, with the afforestation of the Delhi Ridge being undertaken to provide a verdant backdrop for—the Government House and the Secretariat—the administrative centre of British government in India. Imperial notions of landscaping, which were central to the afforestation of the Delhi Ridge epitomised colonial rule and marginalized Indians.
Freiman–Ruzsa-type theory for small doubling constant
Authors: DIAO HANSHENG 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we study the linear structure of sets A ⊂ $\mathbb{F}_2^n$ with doubling constant σ(A) < 2, where σ(A):=|A+A|/|A|. In particular, we show that A is contained in a small affine subspace. We also show that A can be covered by at most four shifts of some subspace V with |V| ≤ |A|. Finally, we classify all binary sets with small doubling constant.
Phonological Awareness in Preschoolers With Spoken Language Impairment: Toward a Better Understanding of Causal Relationships and Effective Intervention. A Constructive Comment on Rvachew and Grawburg’s (2006) Study
Authors: Hartmann Erich 
Published: September 2008

Purpose
This comment refers to a recent study of S. Rvachew and M. Grawburg (2006) that compared the fit of 2 models of the relationships among speech perception, receptive vocabulary, articulation, phonological awareness, and emergent literacy knowledge in preschoolers with speech sound disorders.

Conclusion
It is argued that phonological working memory is an important additional variable to be included in the model preferred by Rvachew and Grawburg (2006). Furthermore, the model should take into account the reciprocal relationship between phonological awareness and emergent literacy skills that is already evident at the preschool level. This could lead to a more precise assessment of preschoolers with speech impairment and, above all, to more efficient preventive intervention.
A Longitudinal Study of Speech Timing in Young Children Later Found to Have Reading Disability
Authors: Smith Allan B. , Smith Susan Lambrecht , Locke John L. , Bennett Jane 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThis study examined the development of timing characteristics in early spontaneous speech of children who were later identified as having reading disability (RD).MethodChild–adult play sessions were recorded longitudinally at 2 and 3 years of age in 27 children, most of whom were at high familial risk for RD. For each speaking turn, the number of syllables was determined and an acoustic analysis measured the time allocated to articulation, pausing before speaking, and pausing during speaking.ResultsIn grade school, a reading battery identified 9 children with RD and 18 children without RD (9 at high risk, 9 at low risk). Early speaking rate was significantly slower in the group with RD, with significantly different patterns of pausing compared with children without RD. Group differences became more distinct by age 3, as longer speaking turns were attempted.ConclusionsThe results are discussed in terms of speech and language formulation. Phonetic plans may be shorter and/or less specified in children with RD, surfacing as slow, short speaking turns with increased pausing relative to articulation. This explanation is consistent with several accounts of RD and provides a perspective on how speech and language deficits may manifest during spontaneous verbal interactions between young children and adults.
Evidence-Based Systematic Review: Effects of Intensity of Treatment and Constraint-Induced Language Therapy for Individuals With Stroke-Induced Aphasia
Authors: Cherney Leora R. , Patterson Janet P. , Raymer Anastasia , Frymark Tobi , Schooling Tracy 
Published: September 2008

Purpose
This systematic review summarizes evidence for intensity of treatment and constraint-induced language therapy (CILT) on measures of language impairment and communication activity/participation in individuals with stroke-induced aphasia.

Method
A systematic search of the aphasia literature using 15 electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, CINAHL) identified 10 studies meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria. A review panel evaluated studies for methodological quality. Studies were characterized by research stage (i.e., discovery, efficacy, effectiveness, cost–benefit/public policy research), and effect sizes (ESs) were calculated wherever possible.

Results
In chronic aphasia, studies provided modest evidence for more intensive treatment and the positive effects of CILT. In acute aphasia, 1 study evaluated high-intensity treatment positively; no studies examined CILT. Four studies reported discovery research, with quality scores ranging from 3 to 6 of 8 possible markers. Five treatment efficacy studies had quality scores ranging from 5 to 7 of 9 possible markers. One study of treatment effectiveness received a score of 4 of 8 possible markers.

Conclusion
Although modest evidence exists for more intensive treatment and CILT for individuals with stroke-induced aphasia, the results of this review should be considered preliminary and, when making treatment decisions, should be used in conjunction with clinical expertise and the client’s individual values.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170339
Controlling for Severity of Illness in Outcome Studies Involving Infectious Diseases: Impact of Measurement at Different Time Points
Authors: Thom Kerri A. , Shardell Michelle D. , Osih Regina B. , Schweizer Marin L. , Furuno Jon P. , Perencevich Eli N. , McGregor Jessina C. , Harris Anthony D. 
Published: September 2008

Background.Severity of illness is an important confounder in outcome studies involving infectious diseases. However, it is unclear whether the time at which severity of illness is measured is important.Methods.We performed a retrospective study of 328 episodes of gram-negative bacteremia in adult patients to assess the impact of the time of measurement of severity of illness on the association between empirical antimicrobial therapy received and in-hospital mortality. Using a modified Acute Physiology Score (APS), severity of illness was measured at 2 time points: (1) hospital admission and (2) 24 hours before the first culture-positive blood sample was collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the impact of adjusting for the APS on the relationship between empirical therapy received (ie, the exposure) and in-hospital mortality (ie, the outcome).Results.The mean APS ( ± standard deviation) of patients with bacteremia increased during their hospital stay (from 19.2 ± 11.6 at admission to 24.2 ± 13.6 at the second time point; P < .01). When examining the association between empirical antimicrobial therapy received and in-hospital mortality, and controlling for the APS, there was a trend toward a decreased impact of appropriate therapy received on in-hospital mortality. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for the association between appropriate therapy received and in-hospital mortality was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-1.34). After controlling for the APS at admission, this association was attenuated (OR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.57-1.55]), and when a change in the APS was also included in the multivariate logistic regression model, the association was further attenuated (OR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.58-1.69]).Conclusions.The magnitude of the association between appropriate antimicrobial therapy received and in-hospital mortality among patients with gram-negative bacteremia was sensitive to the timing of adjustment for severity of illness.
Use of probability-based sampling of water-quality indicators in supporting development of quality criteria
Authors: Nelson Walter G. , Brown Cheryl A. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Nelson, W. G., and Brown, C. A. 2008. Use of probability-based sampling of water-quality indicators in supporting development of quality criteria. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1421–1427. Intensive, site-based data are typically used to establish protective water-quality criteria, but may only exist for few systems in a region. We examine whether or not water-quality indicator data collected from large-scale, probability-based assessments can support the development of regional quality criteria. Because such indicators may be subject to high natural variation over short time-scales, a key question is whether survey values will be sufficiently similar to site-based sampling to merit use in extrapolating quality criteria spatially. Median values for dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and Chl a for dry-season data collected within Yaquina Bay (OR, USA) over a 7-year period were compared with dry-season datasets collected from two studies comprising 6 and 14 Oregon estuaries, respectively. A second, reduced dataset (August–September only) was compared with data from 38 estuaries within the same ecoregion. All comparisons were made for marine and riverine salinity zones. Medians for Yaquina Bay were higher than those from the comparison surveys. Stochastic variation of coastal upwelling during sampling appears to cause the contrasts. Further work is required to define upwelling-based adjustments for regional, probability-based survey data before they can be used in regulatory applications. However, even without adjustment, these data may help in determining the appropriate regional context for quality criteria.
Salinity dependence of parasite infestation in the European eel Anguilla anguilla in northern Germany
Authors: Jakob Eva , Hanel Reinhold , Klimpel Sven , Zumholz Karsten 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Jakob, E., Hanel, R., Klimpel, S., and Zumholz, K. 2009. Salinity dependence of parasite infestation in the European eel Anguilla anguilla in northern Germany. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 358–366. The aim of the study was to examine metazoan parasite communities of European eels (Anguilla anguilla) in fresh-water, brackish water and marine localities in northern Germany. In all, 29 parasite species/taxa were found in 170 eels: eight digeneans, one monogenean, five cestodes, ten nematodes, two acanthocephalans, and three crustaceans. Measures of diversity characteristics of the helminth communities included species richness, Shannon's diversity index and its evenness, and the Berger–Parker dominance index. The highest species diversity and lowest dominance values were calculated for the helminth communities of eels from the two Baltic Sea localities. Parasite communities of European eels clearly exhibit the habitat preferences of their hosts, salinity-dependent specificities, and a clustering into fresh-water, brackish, and marine groups. The highly pathogenic parasite species Anguillicola crassus and Pseudodactylogyrus spp. were found at all sampling sites in fresh water and brackish water, with high prevalence. Basic information is provided on the risks of restocking programmes solely focusing on fresh-water sites.