bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The c.940G variant of the Microcephalin (MCPH1) gene is not associated with microcephaly or mental retardation
Authors: Maghirang‐Rodriguez Reycel , Archie John G. , Schwartz Charles E. , Collins Julianne S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIt was reported that positive selection has acted upon a gene involved in autosomal recessive primary microcephaly, Microcephalin (MCPH1/BRIT1), located at chromosome 8p23. We tested if the reported diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (G37995C or c.940G > C) of a derived haplogroup of the MCPH1 gene had significantly different frequencies in mental retardation (MR) patients and in MR patients with microcephaly as compared to MR patients without microcephaly and controls in African‐American and Caucasian populations in South Carolina, US. Our results suggest that there is little or no association between the MCPH1 c.940G allele and either microcephaly or MR. However, we found highly significant racial differences in the c.940G > C SNP allele frequencies between African‐American and Caucasian populations. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What role do olfactory cues play in chacma baboon mating?
Authors: Clarke Parry M. R. , Barrett L. , Henzi S. P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe probability of ovulation in a number of primate species is associated with both visual and auditory cues. We use 18‐month behavioral data from two chacma baboon troops to provide the first systematic assessment of the possibility that olfactory cues are also involved. Using variance in the rate of olfactory inspection by males as a proxy for changes in the intensity of female vaginal odor, we found that rates of inspection were broadly correlated with changes in female fertility. Males inspected cycling females significantly more than anovulatory, noncycling females and swelling females significantly more than nonswollen cycling females. Rates of inspection peaked around the time at which males first started guarding females and were sustained until the detumescence of the female's sexual skin. We conclude, therefore, that olfactory cues represent one component of a multimodal signal of ovulation in chacma baboons. The possible reasons for such a multimodal signal are discussed. Am. J. Primatol. 71:493–502, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrodeposition of 3D Ordered Macroporous Germanium from Ionic Liquids: A Feasible Method to Make Photonic Crystals with a High Dielectric Constant
Authors: Meng Xiangdong , Al‐Salman Rihab , Zhao Jiupeng , Borissenko Natalia , Li Yao , Endres Frank 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA promising method for the production of germanium photonic crystals consists of electrodeposition of Ge from GeCl4‐containing ionic liquids inside templates of polystyrene colloidal crystals and subsequent removal of the template. This room‐temperature method gives rise to the fabrication of a three‐dimensional highly ordered macroporous germanium nanostructure (see picture; scale: 2 μm) as a prototype of a photonic crystal.magnified image
Synthesis of 1,3‐Diamines Through Rhodium‐Catalyzed CH Insertion
Authors: Kurokawa Toshiki , Kim Mihyong , Du Bois J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA grand opening: N‐Boc‐N‐alkylsulfamides are effective substrates for the title transformation. Oxidative cyclization is highly chemoselective as well as being both stereospecific and diastereoselective. With the advent of new protocols that facilitate ring opening of the six‐membered‐ring heterocyclic products, access to differentially protected 1,3‐diamines has been made possible (see scheme).magnified image
Investigation of the interpolymer association between poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) in aqueous solution
Authors: Mbareck Chamekh , Nguyen Q. T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA viscosimetric method has been used to study the interpolymer association between poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (PSSNa) in aqueous solution. At constant molecular weight of PSSNa, it was found that, the PVA and PSSNa associations were improved with the decrease of molecular weight of PVA and the decrease of its hydrolysis degree. The measurement of intrinsic viscosity [η] and the determination of Huggins associative coefficient KH of different PVA samples were used to select the most appropriate PVA sample, which leads to homogeneous polymer–polymer mixtures (PVA with hydrolysis degree 87–89%, molecular weight 124,000–186,000 g/mol, intrinsic viscosity [η] = 1.02 dL/g, and Huggins associative coefficient Kh.ass = 0.76). The obtained results show that the interpolymer association between PVA and PSSNa, in aqueous solution, is mainly due to intermolecular hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl groups of PVA and sulfonate groups of PSSNa. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Transferring polypropylene into carbon nanotubes via combustion of PP/zeolites (H‐ZSM‐5 or H‐beta)/Ni2O3
Authors: Song Rongjun , Li Bin , Zhao Shu , Li Liping 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn a simple device, two kinds of zeolites were successfully used as synergistic additive to promote formation of the multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) from polypropylene (PP) via combustion. More importantly, this kind of process may potentially act as a new approach for recycling plastic wastes, because it could effectively transfer polyolefin wastes into valuable carbon materials. Experimental results demonstrated that the higher quality of MWNTs can be obtained from the mixture (PP/H‐Beta/Ni2O3) than that from the mixture (PP/H‐ZSM‐5/Ni2O3). At the same time, the yield of MWNTs from PP/H‐ZSM‐5/Ni2O3 system is much lower than that from PP/H‐Beta/Ni2O3 under the same condition. The reason for the different effects of both types of zeolites on the morphology and the yield of the MWNTs was analyzed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Mechanical properties and biomass carbon ratios of poly(butylene succinate) composites filled with starch and cellulose filler using furfural as plasticizer
Authors: Flores E. D. , Funabashi M. , Kunioka M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPolymer composites consisting of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as matrix and corn starch (CS) or cellulose filler (CF) with a small amount of furfural (FR) from biomass were prepared by a hot‐pressing method at 120°C from a powder mixture. Mechanical properties of the composites' films were investigated using tensile test methods. The strain of these films was found to be developed by adding CS or CF and further improved by adding FR. The strain at break PBS with 15 wt % FR was improved by more than 16 times of that of PBS without FR. The biomass carbon ratios of polymer composites with oil‐based PBS (major component) and with biobased CS, CF, and FR were evaluated by 14C concentration ratio measured by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) based on ASTM D6866. PBS with 40 wt % CS or CF had a biomass carbon ratio of 31 and 36%, respectively. PBS with 15 wt % FR had a biomass carbon ratio of 3.4%. This deviation was confirmed by FR content calculated from the peak area of the 1H‐NMR spectrum of PBS with FR which was 3.4%, almost the same as the biomass carbon ratio measured by AMS. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Strontium aluminate/polymer composites: Morphology, luminescent properties, and durability
Authors: Mishra S. B. , Mishra A. K. , Revaprasadu N. , Hillie K. T. , Steyn W. J. vdM. , Coetsee E. , Swart H. C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPhosphor‐based polymer composites were prepared using a melt mixing and extrusion method. Morphology, luminescent properties, and Hamburg wheel test (HWT) of synthesized hybrid material were studied using various polymer matrices. The intensities of the luminescence of the strontium aluminates phosphors (SrAl2O4 : Eu,Dy and Sr4Al14O25 : Eu,Dy) were substantially changed when incorporated into structurally and chemically different organic matrices. HWTs were performed to evaluate the durability of the polymers against simulated wheel loads and the effect of these wheel loads on the luminosity of the polymers. The decay slopes of various polymer–phosphor composites suggests that the simulated wheel load of the Hamburg test did not have a profound effect on the luminosity as such but the duration of luminescence was found to be shorter for the polymer–phosphor hybrid after the Hamburg test. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Short‐range urban dispersion experiments using fixed and moving sources
Authors: Shallcross D. E. , Martin D. , Price C. S. , Nickless G. , White I. R. , Petersson F. , Britter R. E. , Neophytou M. K. , Tate J. E. , Tomlin A. S. , Belcher S. E. , Barlow J. F. , Robins A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFour perfluorocarbon tracer dispersion experiments were carried out in central London, United Kingdom in 2004. These experiments were supplementary to the dispersion of air pollution and penetration into the local environment (DAPPLE) campaign and consisted of ground level releases, roof level releases and mobile releases; the latter are believed to be the first such experiments to be undertaken. A detailed description of the experiments including release, sampling, analysis and wind observations is given. The characteristics of dispersion from the fixed and mobile sources are discussed and contrasted, in particular, the decay in concentration levels away from the source location and the additional variability that results from the non‐uniformity of vehicle speed. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Effect of ENSO on the Hong Kong winter season
Authors: Wu M. C. , Leung W. H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe relationship between the ENSO condition and the winter condition in Hong Kong is investigated in this study. The winter monsoon over southern China tends to be weaker (stronger) during El Niño (La Niña) winters and Hong Kong tends to have higher (lower) mean winter temperatures against the background of the warming trend. On the other hand, there are more (fewer) surge events, which represents the southeastward advance of the Siberian cold air across the East Asian coast, affecting Hong Kong. Analyses showed that Hong Kong tends to be warmer with a shorter duration for the longest cold spell during the winter without blocking event over the Eurasian continent. Furthermore, blocking events are also less common during El Niño winters. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Suction vortices and spiral breakdown in numerical simulations of tornado‐like vortices
Authors: Fiedler Brian 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThree‐dimensional simulations of tornado‐like vortices are presented. The simulations are from a numerical model of the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations, with a Reynolds number, based on scales of the entire recirculating updraft, of up to 4.0 × 104. In a companion axisymmetric model, the theory for the corner flow swirl ratio provides an excellent prediction of the results. For the three‐dimensional nonaxisymmetric model, the corner flow swirl ratio is not easily applied a priori, but nonetheless provides a framework for identifying a consistent departure of the three‐dimensional simulations from the axisymmetric simulations. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Decreased GAD65 mRNA levels in select subpopulations of neurons in the cerebellar dentate nuclei in autism: an in situ hybridization study
Authors: Yip Jane , Soghomonian Jean Jacques , Blatt Gene J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe laterally positioned dentate nuclei lie in a key position in the cerebellum to receive input from Purkinje cells in the lateral cerebellar hemisphere participating in both motor and cognitive functions. Although neuropathology of the four cerebellar nuclei using Nissl staining has been qualitatively reported in children and adults with autism, surprisingly the dentate nuclei appeared less affected despite reported reductions in Purkinje cells in the posterolateral cerebellar hemisphere. To determine any underlying abnormalities in the critically important GABAergic system, the rate‐limiting GABA synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) type 65 was measured via in situ hybridization histochemistry in dentate somata. GAD65 mRNA labeling revealed two distinct subpopulations of neurons in adult control and autism postmortem brains: small‐sized cells (about 10–12 µm in diameter, presumed interneurons) and larger‐sized neurons (about 18–20 µm in diameter, likely feedback to inferior olivary neurons). A mean 51% reduction in GAD65 mRNA levels was found in the larger labeled cells in the autistic group compared with the control group (P=0.009; independent t‐test) but not in the smaller cell subpopulation. This suggests a disturbance in the intrinsic cerebellar circuitry in the autism group potentially interfering with the synchronous firing of inferior olivary neurons, and the timing of Purkinje cell firing and inputs to the dentate nuclei. Disturbances in critical neural substrates within these key circuits could disrupt afferents to motor and/or cognitive cerebral association areas in the autistic brain likely contributing to the marked behavioral consequences characteristic of autism.
Better safe than sorry: Precautionary reasoning and implied dominance in risky decisions
Authors: DeKay Michael L. , Patiño‐Echeverri Dalia , Fischbeck Paul S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn four studies, student and nonstudent participants evaluated the possible outcomes of binary decisions involving health, safety, and environmental risks (e.g., whether to issue a dam‐failure evacuation order). Many participants indicated that false positives (e.g., evacuation, but no dam failure) were better than true negatives (e.g., no evacuation and no dam failure), thereby implying that the more protective action dominated the less protective action. A common rationale for this response pattern was the precautionary maxim “better safe than sorry.” Participants apparently evaluated outcomes partly on the basis of the decisions that might lead to them, in conflict with consequentialist decision models. Consistent with this explanation, the prevalence of implied dominance decreased substantially when the emphasis on decisions was reduced. These results demonstrate that an initial preference for a decision alternative can alter the evaluation of possible consequences of both the preferred alternative and a competing alternative, suggesting positive feedback loops that reinforce the initial preference. The rationality of considering the decision itself as an attribute of possible outcomes is discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of weak combined static and extremely low‐frequency alternating magnetic fields on tumor growth in mice inoculated with the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma
Authors: Novikov Vadim V. , Novikov Gleb V. , Fesenko Evgeny E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIt has been shown that the ultralow‐frequency extremely weak alternating component of combined magnetic fields (MFs) exhibits a marked antitumor activity. The parameters of this component have been found (frequency 1, 4.4, 16.5 Hz or the sum of these frequencies; intensity 300, 100, 150–300 nT, respectively) at which this MF in combination with a collinear static MF of 42 µT inhibits or suppresses the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in mice. It was shown that the exposure of mice with EAC to combined MFs causes structural changes in some organs (liver, adrenal glands), which are probably due to the total degradation of the tumor tissue. In mice with transplanted EAC, the tumor tissue after exposure to weak MFs was practically absent, as distinct from control animals in which the invasion of the tumor into the adipose tissue surrounding the kidneys, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spermatic appendages was observed. In animals without tumors, no pathological deviations from the norm in the structure of organs and tissues occurred after exposure to weak MF, indicating that this factor per se is not toxic to the organism. Bioelectromagnetics 30:343–351, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computation of Current Distributions using FEMLAB
Authors: Basha C. A. , Shankar M. S. , Vijayasekaran B. , Pullabhotla S. R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn efficient method for the computation of current density and surface concentration distributions in electrochemical processes is analyzed using the commercial mathematical software FEMLAB. To illustrate the utility of the software, the procedure is applied to some realistic problems encountered in electrochemical engineering, such as current distribution in a continuous moving electrode, parallel plate electrode, hull cell, curvilinear hull cell, thin layer galvanic cell, through‐hole plating, and a recessed disc electrode. The model equations of the above cases are considered and their implementations into the software, FEMLAB, are analyzed. The technique is attractive because it involves a systematic way of coupling equations to perform case studies.
Nanostructured FeS as a Mimic Peroxidase for Biocatalysis and Biosensing
Authors: Dai Zhihui , Liu Shaohua , Bao Jianchun , Ju Huangxian 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSheet‐like mimic enzyme: A novel nanostructure (see figure) of sheet‐like FeS with peroxidase‐like activity was synthesized as a mimic enzyme for the development of amperometric transducers and biocatalysts.magnified imageArtificial enzyme mimics have attracted considerable interest due to easy denaturation and leakage of enzymes during their storage and immobilization procedure. Herein we describe the design of a novel mimic peroxidase, a nanostructure of sheet‐like FeS prepared by a simple micelle‐assisted synthetic method. Such a nanostructure has a large specific surface area and high peroxidase‐like activity, and was thus further used as a mimic enzyme for the development of biocatalysts and amperometric biosensors. The sheet‐like FeS nanostructure showed typical Michaelis–Menten kinetics and good affinity to both H2O2 and 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethyl benzidine. At pH 7.0 the constructed amperometric sensor showed a linear range for the detection of H2O2 from 0.5 to 150 μM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998 without any electron transfer mediator. The H2O2 sensor based on the sheet‐like FeS showed more sensitive response than those based on spherical FeS nanostructure, and resulted in a better stability than horseradish peroxidase when they were exposed to solutions with different pH values and temperatures. These excellent properties made the sheet‐like nanostructured FeS powerful tools for a wide range of potential applications as an “artificial peroxidase” as biosensors and biotechnology.
ChemInform Abstract: Endohedral Nickel, Palladium, and Platinum Atoms in 10‐Vertex Germanium Clusters: Competition Between Bicapped Square Antiprismatic and Pentagonal Prismatic Structures
Authors: King R. B. , Silaghi‐Dumitrescu I. , Uta M. M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Electronic Properties of Zinc Blende BxGa1‐xN Nitrides
Authors: Riane R. , Boussahl Z. , Zaoui A. , Hammerelaine L. , Matar S. F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ba3NbFe3Si2O14: A New Multiferroic with a 2D Triangular Fe3+ Motif.
Authors: Wiebe C. R. , et al. et al. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Thermal Decomposition of NaSi to Derive Silicon Clathrate Compounds.
Authors: Horie Hiro‐omi , Kikudome Takashi , Teramura Kyosuke , Yamanaka Shoji 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Polar and Chiral Indium Telluride Featuring Supertetrahedral T2 Clusters and Nonlinear Optical Second Harmonic Generation.
Authors: Zhang Qichun , Chung In , Jang Joon I. , Ketterson John B. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (NH4) [V1‐xIIIVxIV (AsO4)F1‐xOx]: A New Mixed Valence Vanadium(III,IV) Fluoroarsenate with Ferromagnetic Interactions and Electronic Conductivity.
Authors: Berrocal Teresa , Mesa Jose L. , Pizarro Jose L. , Bazan Begona , Ruiz de Larramendi Idoia , Arriortua Maria I. , Rojo Teofilo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Magnetic Properties of Rare‐Earth Chromium Germanides RECrxGe2 (RE: Sm, Gd—Er).
Authors: Bie Haiying , Tkachuk Andriy V. , Mar Arthur 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Actinide Incorporation in a Zirconia Based Pyrochlore (Nd1.8An0.2)Zr2O7+x (An: Th, U, Np, Pu, Am).
Authors: Naestren Catharina , Jardin Regis , Somers Joseph , Walter Marcus , Brendebach Boris 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Co1‐zAlz(OH)2(NO3)z Layered Double Hydroxides and Li(Co1‐zAlz)O2.
Authors: Luo Wenbin , Dahn J. R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Member of the “112” Family, LaBaCo2O5.5: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetism.
Authors: Rautama E.‐L. , Caignaert V. , Boullay Ph. , Kundu Asish K. , Pralong V. , Karppinen M. , Ritter C. , Raveau B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.