bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibodies bind identically to both spores and hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: REIJULA K. E. , KURUP V. P. , KUMAR A. , FINK J. N. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryImmunoelectron microscopy (IEM) was used to determine the binding of six monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) produced against Aspergillus fumigatus antigens present on or within the conidia and hyphae of the fungus. Antigen‐antibody complexes were demonstrated in EM using labelled colloidal gold particles (15 nm). Three out of 6 MoAbs (C9, F12 and H10) reacted only with the cytoplasmic components of A. fumigatus while the remaining three (B12, F6G5 and D6E6) showed reactivity to both cytoplasm and cell wall of the conidia and hyphae. The results indicate that IEM is of considerable value in determining and selecting monoclonal antibodies having specific reactivity with diverse antigenic components.
Comparative efficacy of house dust mite extermination products
Authors: SCHOBER G. , KNIEST F. M. , KORT H. S. M. , DE SAINT GEORGES GRIDELET D. M. O. G. , VAN BRONSWIJK J. E. M. H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe acaricidal efficacy of nine marketed products, i.e. Acardust, Acarosan (foam and powder), Actelic 50, Artilin 3A (spirit and water base), liquid nitrogen, Paragerm AK, and Tymasil, and of intensive vacuum‐cleaning have been compared on four different test surfaces: mattress, tufted carpet, gypsum board and rough wooden board, all covered with artificial house dust. They were inoculated with the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus or the house‐dust fungus Aspergillus repens for evaluation of the fungistatic claims of some products. The acaricidal activity of Tymasil did not surpass that of vacuuming; its fungistatic effect was not apparent. The other products showed complete to almost complete eradication on at least one of the substrates tested. Taking into account the results of acaricidal efficacy as well as the data on safety and practicality acquired earlier, Acarosan powder was considered first choice for carpet treatment. Acarosan and liquid nitrogen, were found to be effective in the treatment of mattress, pillow, upholstered furniture and heavy curtains. On wooden surfaces Acarosan was found to be both effective and safe, while Acardust, Actelic 50, Artilin 3A (both fungistatic as well as acaricidal), liquid nitrogen and Paragerm also passed the efficiency test.
How allergenic are hypoallergenic infant formulae?
Authors: RUGO E. , WAHL R. , WAHN U. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn a comparative study six different protein hydrolysates, marketed as ‘hypoallergenic’ infant formulae were investigated by skin prick tests, RAST, RAST inhibition and titrated provocation tests. Whey hydrolysates containing a high percentage of larger peptides were found to have the highest capacity to induce positive skin tests, provocation tests and. To bind to human serum IgE antibodies of cow's milk allergic children. Casein hydrolysates appeared to have the least residual allergenic activity. We recommend that ‘hypoallergenic’ formulae should be tested in each case, before being prescribed to cow's milk sensitive children.
Egg and milk allergy in adults: comparison between fresh foods and commercial allergen extracts in skin prick test and histamine release from basophils
Authors: NORGAARD A. , SKOV P. S. , BINDSLEV‐JENSEN C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe ability of skin prick test (SPT) and histamine release from basophils (HR) to diagnose clinical type I allergy to egg and milk was investigated as compared with double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) in 17 adults suspected of type I egg and/or milk allergy. In both SPT and HR, commercial allergen extracts commonly used for SPT were compared with fresh, standardized foods. With commercial extracts the overall sensitivities of SPT and HR were 0.75 and 0.56 respectively, and none of the tests showed concordance with DBPCFC. With fresh, standardized foods the overall sensitivities of SPT and HR were 1.00 and 0.89 respectively, and both tests now showed a significant concordance with DBPCFC (P<0.05). Specificity was only slightly improved in SPT, and unchanged in HR. Thus, the use of fresh, standardized foods significantly improved the outcome of both tests, as regards to sensitivity and concordance with DBPCFC. The diagnostic ability of SPT and HR appear to be strongly influenced by the allergen quality.
Purification and characterization of major inhalant allergens from soybean hulls
Authors: GONZÁLEZ R. , POLO F. , ZAPATERO L. , CARAVACAJ F. , CARREIRA J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryProteins responsible for respiratory allergy to soybean have been purified from an extract of soybean hulls. The purification procedure combined size exclusion and reverse‐phase HPLC. Two pure glycoproteins (S1 and S2) exhibiting IgE‐binding ability, as demonstrated by immunoblotting and ELISA techniques, were obtained. Both proteins displayed low molecular weight values on SDS‐PAGE (S1, 7.0 kD; S2 7.5 kD). Protein S1 showed charge microheterogeneity, rendering two bands at pH 6.1–6.2 on IEF, whereas S2 showed a single bund at pH 6.8. Amino acid composition analyses revealed a strong homology between S1 and S2 and, as a characteristic feature, a high percentage of hydrophobic residues, mainly leucine and isoleucine. Concerning the allergenic activity, both proteins were recognized by the specific IgE from 95% of patients who suffered asthma attacks during the asthma outbreaks of 1987 and 1988 in Cartagena (Spain), caused by soybean dust. Besides, proteins S1 and S2 were able to, separately, inhibit up to 75% the binding of specific IgE to the whole extract. Moreover, purified proteins totally crossreacted, even though protein S2 seemed to be slightly more active in all the immunochemical techniques employed. Results presented allow us to conclude that both proteins are isoallergens and to name them as Gly m IA (protein S2) and Gly m IB (protein S1), according to the IUIS‐allergen nomenclature system.
Antigen‐specific tachycardia and hypotension in rodents
Authors: LEI H.‐Y. , CHEN H.‐I. , CHAN S.‐H. , LEIR S.‐S. , LIN S.‐B. , WING L.‐Y. CHEN 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTachycardia and hypotension, two cardiovascular responses to anaphylaxis, were specifically induced by antigen in mice and rats, respectively, Intravenous injection of poly (Glu60Ala30Tyr10) (GAT) elicited tachycardia within 30–40 sec in GAT‐primed B6 mice. Moreover, a minute amount of GAT (0.2μg) was enough to sensitize the mice to subsequent GAT‐induced tachycardia. Challenging doses ranging from 100 ng to 500 μg could elicit tachycardia. The kinetics of tachycardia induction was different from that of antibody production or delayed‐type hypersensitivity. Tachycardia was induced from day 6 after immunization, while delayed‐type hypersensitivity developed as early as day 4, and anti‐GAT antibodies were undetectable on day 6 and would not reach a maximum until day 8. Specific antigen‐induced hypotension was also observed in rats. Furthermore, cardiovascular changes in both species could be passively transferred by heat‐treated (56°C, 30 min) sera from immunized animals. These benchmarks of antigen‐induced cardiovascular changes in mice or rats could be used as models to study the immune control of cardiovascular changes in anaphylactic responses.
Paracetamol anaphylaxis
Authors: LEUNG R. , PLOMLEY R. , CZARNY D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe describe four cases of anaphylaxis to paracetamol without co‐existing aspirin intolerance and review the Australian experience in paracetamol anaphylaxis. Paracetamol sensitivity may differ in the mechanism from sensitivity to aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs as previously believed.
Lability in complement receptor mobilization of granulocytes in patients with bronchial hyperreactivity
Authors: LUNDAHL J. , SKEDINGER M. , HED J. , JOHANSSON S. G. O. , ZETTERSTRÖM O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe recruitment of activated granulocytes to bronchial mucosa seems to be involved in the prolonged inflammatory response observed in asthma and probably associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. We studied the patients with bronchial hyperresponsiveness with respect to the expression of complement receptor type 1 (CR1), its variability and readiness to become mobilized on peripheral granulocytes from patients with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. CR1 expression and its hourly variation was significantly (P < 0.02, P < 0.01 respectively) higher in the patient group compared with the control group. In addition the ability to mobilize CR1 spontaneously at +37°C correlated to the variation of CR1 expression that occurred during a 4 hr period. These findings indicate that granulocytes from patients with bronchial hyperresponsiveness have a higher degree of variation in CR1 expression that correlates to their ability to mobilize CR1 and may reflect a more pronounced lability.
Stability of Candida albicans allergens during storage
Authors: SAVOLAINEN J. , VIANDER M. , EINARSSON R. , NIEMINEN E. , KOIVIKKO A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryStability of Candida albicans allergens was studied under various storage conditions Lyophilized extract was reconstituted with human serum albumin glycerol‐free and in the presence of 10% or 50% glycerol and stored at various temperatures for different time periods. All extracts were tested at the same time with immunoblotting using C albicans allergic patient sera and galactosidase‐labelled anti‐IgE. The highest number of detected allergens in the immunoblotting pattern was found in the presence of 50% glycerol at +6 C. The most important allergen of $$ the 46 kD protein allergen was stable up to 10 weeks at +6 $$ C in the presence of 50% glycerol but thereafter began to lose its IgE‐binding capacity. After 30 weeks more than 50% of the IgE binding had disappeared. The 27 kD protein, another important allergen, was also labile but retained the allerg$$ better than the 46kD one. The 29kD protein allergen was stable at all storage conditions, except +3$$C tested even after one year. More than 6 months storage at +6C or higher temperature is however unacceptable even in the presence of the 50% glycerol. These findings have particular importance in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases
Presence of IgG4 on the membrane of human basophils. Histamine release is induced by monoclonal antibodies directed against the Fab but not the Fc region of the IgG4 molecule
Authors: JIMENO L. , LOMBARDERO M. , CARREIRA J. , DEL PRADO J. MOSCOSO 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe have studied the possible role of human IgG4 as an anaphylactic antibody. For that purpose, we have determined the induction of histamine release (HR) from human basophils by anti‐IgE and anti‐IgG4 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) recognizing different epitopes located at the Fe and Fab regions of the IgG4 molecule. The results show that anti‐IgG4 (Fab) MoAb was able to induce HR in 93% of donors tested, with no differences between atopics and non‐atopics. That HR is calcium dependent and is accompanied by the synthesis and release of leukotriene C4. In contrast, no HR could be induced by anti‐IgG4(Fc) MoAbs in any individual, even in the presence of D2O or after a second challenge with a polyclonal goat anti‐mouse IgG antibody. The results obtained suggest the presence of IgG4 on the basophil membrane and that the epitope recognized by the anti‐IgG4 (Fc) MoAbs is probably hidden in cell‐bound IgG4. This was demonstrated by immunofluorescence techniques: IgG4 bound to the basophil membrane could be detected with anti‐IgG4(Fab) but not with anti‐IgG4(Fc) MoAbs. In addition, we found that nine donors were unresponsive to an anti‐IgE stimulus, while they released histamine efficiently after challenge with anti‐IgG4(Fab), suggesting the existence of different receptors for both immunoglobulins.
Monoclonal antibodies to Lepidoglyphus destructor: delineation of crossreactivity between storage mites and house dust mites
Authors: HÄRFAST B. , VAN HAGE‐HAMSTEN M. , ANSOTEGUI I.J. , JOHANSSON E. , JEDDI‐TEHRANI M. , JOHANSSON S.G.O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe have developed monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to the storage mite Lepidoglyphus destructor (Ld). Employing these anti‐Ld MoAbs (Ld‐MoAbs) in ELISA and ELISA inhibition techniques we have analysed the reaction pattern of Ld‐MoAbs to both non‐pyroglyphid and pyroglyphid mites. The storage mite Glycyphagus domesticus (Gd) exhibited most efficient inhibition, followed by Acarus siro (As), Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Tp), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt) and Euroglyphus maynei (Em). Of the two pyroglyphid species, Dpt showed at least 1000 times less inhibition than Gd. Two of the MoAbs immunoprecipitated a band of 39 kD whereas the third reacted weakly, with a high‐molecular band of approximately 110 kD. The Ld extract was also subjected to various reagents and conditions and the antigen was heat stable, it was not affected by low pH, or sensitive to dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) or paraformaldehyde. After exposure of the extract to various reagents, such as protease trypsin and periodate, we conclude that the epitopes recognized by Ld‐MoAbs were of carbohydrate rather than of protein nature. It would thus seem that MoAbs recognize the carbohydrate part of a glycoprotein.
House dust mite sensitivity: interaction of genetics and allergen dosage
Authors: YOUNG R. P. , HART B. J. , MERRETT T. G. , READ A. F. , HOPKIN J. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPairwise analysis of siblings from 21 families showed that house dust mite (HDM) sensitive children were exposed to higher concentrations of Der p I allergen in their mattress (P= 0.005) and bedding (P= 0.04), but not bedroom floor (P= 0.33), than their atopic sibling who was not sensitive to HDM antigens. There was no difference in the exposure to HDM numbers/100 mg of dust in the mattress (P= 0.61) or bedroom floors (P= 0.09). In contrast, pairwise analysis of siblings from 15 families showed that HDM sensitive children were not exposed to significantly different concentrations of Der p I in the mattress (P= 0.96), bedding (P= 0.11) or bedroom floor (P= 0.70) nor HDM numbers/100 mg of dust in the mattress (P= 0.12) and bedroom floor (P= 0.98) than their non‐atopic siblings. These findings were identical when absolute allergen load was compared in these pairs. Genetic linkage studies in these families suggest the tendency to atopic IgE responses is conferred by a putative atopy locus on chromosome 11q. These results together suggest that differences in allergen levels in beds, among siblings with a comparable genetic tendency to atopy, play a significant role in determining the development of HDM allergy.
The effect of azelastine on the early allergic response
Authors: SHIN M.‐H. , BAROODY F. , PROUD D. , KAGEY‐SOBOTKA A. , LICHTENSTEIN L. M. , NACLERIO R. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTo study the effect of azelastine on the immediate reaction to nasal allergen challenge, we performed a double blind, placebo‐controlled cross‐over clinical trial. Thirteen subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis underwent nasal challenge with antigen 4 hr after a single oral 2 mg dose of azelastine. The response was monitored by counting the number of sneezes and by measuring the levels of histamine, prostaglandin D2, immunoreactive sulphidopeptide leukotrienes, kinins and TAME‐esterase activity in recovered nasal lavages. After a single dose of azelastine, there was a significant reduction in sneezing (10 vs 2, P= 0.01) and in the median levels of recovered TAME‐esterase activity (63.1 vs 17.5 c.p.m. × 10‐3, P= 0.01), immunoreactive sulphidopeptide leukotrienes (7.5 vs 2.1 ng/ml, P= 0.03) and kinins (1370 vs 251 pg/ml, P= 0.03), with no significant reduction in the median levels of histamine (3.7 vs 1.2 ng/ml, P= 0.2) and prostaglandin D2 (70 vs 70 pg/ml, P= 0.2) compared to placebo (numbers represent total increase over diluent challenge). These results suggest that azelastine does not inhibit mast cell activation but affects the consequences of released histamine, namely sneezing, increased vascular permeability and the generation of kinins. The results further suggest that other cells, in addition to mast cells, might be responsible for the generation of leukotrienes during the early allergic response, and that azelastine reduces their ability to generate this mediator or that inhibition of leukotriene release from mast cells occurs at lower drug concentrations.
Comparison of mechanisms of IL‐3 induced histamine release and IL‐3 priming effect on human basophils
Authors: OKAYAMA Y. , BEGISHVILI T. B. , CHURCH M. K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe have investigated the mechanisms by which inlerleukin‐3 (IL‐3) induces histamine release and primes basophils for increased hislamine release in response to anti‐IgE‐ and N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP). The responsiveness of basophils from atopic donors was variable, only 5/11 subjects showing release of > 10% to IL‐3 in the range 0.1–100 ng/ml. IL‐3‐induced histamine release required both extracellular Ca2+ and cell membrane IgE, removal of membrane IgE by lactate stripping or desensitization of basophils by incubation with anti‐IgE in a Ca2+‐free medium blocking IL‐3‐induced hislamine release.IL‐3 also primed basophils for histamine release by anti‐IgE and fMLP in the same concentration range as it evoked histamine release. When IL‐3 and either anti‐IgE or fMLP were combined, the result was additive or supra‐additive depending on the basophil donor. Unlike IL‐3‐evoked histamine release, IL‐3 priming of basophils for fMLP‐induced histamine release was shown to be independent of the presence of both cell surface IgE and of extracellular calcium. The protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, staurosporine (10 nM), inhibited anti‐IgE induced histamine release, but neither IL‐3 induced histamine release nor IL‐3 priming of IgE‐ and fMLP‐induced histamine release. Pertussis toxin (1.0 μg/ml) inhibited fMLP‐induced histamine release but not anti‐IgE‐induced histamine release, IL‐3‐evoked histamine release or IL‐3 priming. These results indicate that IL‐3 modulates mediator release from human basophils by two mechanisms; a direct release of histamine which involves cell surface IgE and the influx of extracellular calcium but which is unlikely to proceed by the same mechanism as cross‐linkage of IgE, and a priming effect which is independent of IgE and extracellular Ca2+ and which enhances the secretory effects of a wide range of unrelated secretagogues.
Expression of CD35 (CR1) and CD11b (CR3) on circulating neutrophils and eosinophils from allergic asthmatic children
Authors: BERENDS C. , HOEKSTRA M. O. , DIJKHUIZEN B. , DE MONCHY J. G. R. , GERRITSEN J. , KAUFFMAN H. F. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryComplement receptors on neutrophils and eosinophils play a role in activation and adhesion. During asthmatic reactions these receptors have been found elevated on circulating granulocytes. In the present study we compared the expression of CD35 (complement receptor type 1) and CD11b (complement receptor type 3) on neulrophils and eosinophils from asthmatic and non‐asthmatic children. This was done in whole blood samples using depolarised light scattering for the discrimination of neutrophils and eosinophils. The non‐stimulated expression as well as the upregulaled expression of receptors by the chemotactic peptide N‐formylmethionyl‐teucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP) were studied. The results showed that without prior stimulation only the expression of CD35 on neutrophils was significantly elevated in children with asihma (P < 0.05). After up‐regulation with fMLP. the CD11b expression on neutrophils (P < 0.005, fMLP: 0.002 μm) and eosinophils (P < 0.05, fMLP: 0.02 μM) was significantly higher in asthmatic children than in the controls. These results indicate that the inducible expression of CD11b on neutrophils and eosinophils from allergic asthmatic children is primed in rivo.
Spontaneous histamine release in whole blood in patients before and after 4 months of specific immunotherapy
Authors: WANTKE F. , GÖTZ M. , JARISCH R. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySpontaneous histamine release (SHR) in whole blood was assessed before and after 4 months of specific immunotherapy (SIT) for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in 32 patients. Spontaneous histamine release was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) in patients prior to immunotherapy compared with 20 controls. Spontaneous histamine release decreased significantly in patients after 4 months of specific immunotherapy (P < 0.04) and almost reached the same values as spontaneous histamine release in controls. Clinical success of treatment after 4 months was seen in 15 patients (improvement 50%), 10 of whom showed a significant decrease in spontaneous histamine release. Decrease of spontaneous histamine release after 4 months indicates the efficacy of specific immunotherapy already at an early stage of treatment. Assessment of spontaneous histamine release appears to be a useful and easily performable method for monitoring success of treatment of patients during specific immunotherapy.
Pistachio nut hypersensitivity: identification of pistachio nut allergens
Authors: PARRA F. M. , CUEVAS M. , LEZAUN A. , ALONSO M. D. , BERISTAIN A. M. , LOSADA E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryType I hypersensitivity to pistachio nut antigens was demonstrated in three patients by means of immediate skin‐test reuctivily. specific IgF determination by a lluoro‐immunoassay (CAP). CAP‐inhibition and leucocyte histamine release. Sensitization to other dried fruils and pollens was observed in the patients. The CAP‐inhibition studies revealed signilicLint crossreactivity between pistachio and cashew nut belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, and between pistachio nut and other dried fruits belonging to taxonomically unrelated botanical families. No relevant crossallergenicity was observed between pistachio nut and Lolium and Olca pollens.Sodium dodecyi sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) of a pistachio nut extract followed by immunoblotting analysis identified four IgE‐binding bands with molecular weights of 34. 41. 52 and 60 kD.