bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baja California Sur map underway
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Through a cooperative effort by geophysicists interested in the geology of Baja California, a map of the southern state of the peninsula will be compiled and published in three sheets at a scale of 1:250,000.At the April 1991 First International Meeting on the Geology of the Baja California Peninsula, held at the Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz, Mexico, the more than seventy‐five participants recognized the need for a geologic map of the southern state of the peninsula, whose northern half was mapped and published in 1975 by Gordon Gastil. On January 29, 1991, a planning committee met at Stanford University to learn about tried and true procedures of map compilation and publication from U.S. Geological Survey Circum‐Pacific Council cartographer Fran Mills.
The solar, anomalous, and magnetospheric particle explorer
Authors: Mason Glenn M. 
Published: October 2006

The Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX) is one of two small explorer missions selected for flight by the Space Physics Division of NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications. The small explorers are roughly 400‐ lb. spacecraft that will be launched on Scout‐class expendable launch vehicles.The SAMPEX instruments will measure the electron and ion composition of energetic particle populations from ˜0.4 MeV/ nucleon to hundreds of MeV/nucleon from a zenith‐pointing small satellite in near‐polar orbit. They will use a coordinated set of detectors with excellent charge and mass resolution and higher sensitivity than previous instruments. While over the magnetic poles, the instruments will obtain the elemental and mass composition of anomalous cosmic rays, solar energetic particles, and galactic cosmic rays. At lower magnetic latitudes, geomagnetic cutoff effects will allow the ionization state of these particles to be determined at energies much higher than can be studied from interplanetary spacecraft. At sub‐auroral latitudes, SAMPEX will observe precipitating relativistic magnetospheric electrons, which undergo important interactions within the middle atmosphere.
Space station survives vote
Authors: Jones Richard M. 
Published: October 2006

On April 29 the House of Representatives defeated an amendment to terminate Space Station Freedom. The vote was on an amendment offered by Rep. Tim Roemer (D‐Indiana) to H.R. 4364, the Fiscal Year 1993–1995 NASA authorization bill. The amendment lost by a vote of 159‐254.This is not the last vote the House of Representatives will have on the space station, nor is it the most important. Rep. Bob Traxler (D‐Michigan), an opponent of station funding, argued that this was not the right way of dealing with the issue (calling it “a paper tiger”), and voted against Roemer's amendment.
Snowpack physics explored at Fall Meeting
Authors: Davis R. E. 
Published: October 2006

A special session, “Snowpack Physics: Processes and Distributions,” was held on December 10 at the Fall 1991 AGU Meeting to survey applications of snow physics spanning scales from millimeters to kilometers, and to tie these in with recent advances in our understanding of the micro‐ and meso scale processes in a snow cover.The first half of the session involved the relationships between snow physical process and properties and remote sensing, snowgas interactions, and snowmelt chemistry.
Using a nuclear submarine for Arctic research
Authors: Keigwin Lloyd D. , Johnson G. Leonard 
Published: October 2006

Oceanographers have been accused of not thinking big enough. Where is our Hubble Space Telescope? Where is our Superconducting Super Collider? Where is our project to map the human genome? An example of a highly successful “big” project in the marine sciences is the Ocean Drilling Program, currently funded at about $42 million per year. That effort is small by comparison to big projects in astronomy and in highenergy physics.Ocean‐ice‐atmosphere interactions in polar regions play a major role in driving deep ocean circulation and in regulating Earth's climate, and Arctic regions in particular are expected to be the first to respond to the predicted global warming. Despite the fundamental importance of polar regions to the habitability of planet Earth, most oceanographers have used only the most inefficient methods for exploring the ocean beneath the ice: drifting on floating ice camps and bashing through the ice with ice breakers. Neither of these methods is an effective way to explore a feature as large and as physiographically varied as the Arctic basin.
DOE's Geothermal Program still in game
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

In the ongoing search to find cost‐effective, renewable forms of energy that neither contribute to global warming nor threaten national security, geothermal energy remains a player. Although Department of Energy funding for geothermal research has declined over the past decade, from its peak in 1979 of $160 million, there is still tremendous potential in terms of geothermal development, said Gladys Hooper, program manager of DOE's Hot Dry Rock and Brine Chemistry divisions. Technology for harnessing geothermal power is by and large there, she said. What is needed is more awareness and publicity regarding the merits of geothermal energy.For fiscal year 1993, proposed DOE funding for geothermal research was $24 million, down from $27 million in fiscal 1992 and nearly $30 million in fiscal 1991. DOE's Geothermal Division oversees the network of national laboratories and universities involved in developing the nation's geothermal resources and bringing them into commercial competitiveness.
Better slides needed at AGU Meetings
Authors: Jacobson Randall S. 
Published: October 2006

Recent AGU meetings show a dangerous trend in the quality of presentations. A fair percentage of slides used during oral presentations consisted of a black background and colored lines and/or words for data. Such slides are illegible and serve to undercut the speaker's points by not demonstrating the data clearly.A typical example consisted of dark red, dark blue, and green data on a black background. Even the author had difficulty in pointing out the data using his light arrow. Line drawings, in particular, should not use colors, but instead use high‐contrast white‐on‐black for the following reasons: dark colors on black backgrounds provide little contrast, making it difficult to discern patterns; people who are colorblind are at a disadvantage; and the same information can be obtained using a variety of line weights (dotdash, solid, dotted, etc.) with single color slides.
Public, experts join at town meeting
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

About 80 citizens concerned with the threat of ozone depletion attended a public meeting on June 9 in Charlottesville, Va., to discuss the issue with a panel of six leading ozone experts. Held in conjunction with the Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, the town meeting was videotaped for airing on public broadcast stations this fall. The meeting was aimed at nonexperts, to “get the word out” to the public, said the moderator, journalist Peter Hackes.The lively, sometimes heated discussion showed the public's high awareness and concern over problems associated with ozone depletion. During the nearly 2‐hour meeting topics ranged from the reparability of the ozone layer, to steps the public can take to help mitigate ozone loss, to reports of increased cases of skin cancer due to more ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface. There were also some claims that ozone depletion is overexaggerated and is a hoax for scientists to get more research funding.
House adopts Landsat Bill
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The National Landsat Policy Act (HR3614) was adopted by the House of Representatives on June 9. The bill, reported to the House by the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, was introduced by chair George E. Brown (D‐Calif.) on October 23, 1991.HR3614 creates a new management structure for the Landsat program by establishing a Joint Program Office to manage the program instead of the Department of Commerce. Funding and management responsibilities would be shared equally between NASA and the Department of Defense, and with other agencies as determined by the president. The bill would also provide for the procurement of the next in a series of Landsat satellites. It pinpoints specific policy changes aimed at enhancing the program's value, particularly for global change and environmental research. Landsat data has been used for environmental management, oil and gas exploration, crop assessments, and deforestation monitoring.
House Bill restores USGS 1993 Funds
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

On June 29, the House Appropriations Committee approved the Interior Department and Related Agencies spending bill, which sets funding levels for the U.S. Geological Survey.Funding for the USGS under the bill (HR5503) is about level with fiscal year 1992 spending amounts. For fiscal 1993, the House proposes $587 million, compared to the president's request of $540 million. Appropriations for fiscal 1992 were $582 million.
Antarctic “quiet” site stirs debate
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

Geophysicists from the United States and New Zealand plan to meet in the coming months to assess the electromagnetic pollution of an Antarctic site especially designated for research. U.S. scientists charge that a satellite Earth station erected apparently inside the preserve by New Zealand's Telecom company could interfere with experiments on the ionosphere and magnetosphere (Eos, April 28, 1992). The Site of Special Scientific Interest at Arrival Heights, the only Antarctic preserve specifically for physical science, is located near the U.S. McMurdo and New Zealand Scott bases.Debate over the Telecom facility inter‐twines diplomatic and scientific issues. One question is whether the station violates the Antarctic treaty. Secondly, does it actually impair research at the site—or could it harm future experiments? To deepen the imbroglio, those involved from both nations say that transmissions from sources off‐site also interfere with research—raising doubts about how pristine the site really is.
Wetlands issue stalls Clean Water Act
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

Although reauthorization of the Clean Water Act was scheduled for 1992, action has stalled due to debate over the contentious wetland issue and is not likely to pick up again until after the first of the year. The subject of the debate, regulation of wetlands, is found in Section 404, which makes up only a small part of the Clean Water Act.At the meeting, “New Directions in Clean Water Policy,” held in Charlottesville, Va., July 28–31, Ralph Heimlich, an economist with the Office of Policy and Planning Evaluation at the Environmental Protection Agency, said “it is unfortunate that the Section 404 Dredge and Fill permit program, our only national wetland regulation, is part of the Clean Water Act.” The controversy over wetland reform, he added, “has delayed and threatens to poison action on Clean Water Act reauthorization, provisions that may be more directly significant in improving water quality.”
Future of NSF to be reviewed
Authors: Jones Richard M. 
Published: October 2006

The National Science Board has announced the formation of a Special Commission on the Future of the National Science Foundation. This announcement provides the latest evidence that the mission of the 40‐year‐old agency will undergo substantial change.NSF's reexamination of its mission is not unexpected. It was widely predicted that Walter Massey, the foundation's director since early last year, would put his own stamp on the agency. The external environment has also changed, notably with the transformation of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Budget restraints have forced the foundation to contemplate a future which no longer includes a doubling of its budget. And finally, Congress has urged the agency to reexamine its role, a recent example being Senate Appropriations Committee report language stating, “the Committee believes that the new world order requires the Foundation to take a more activist role in transferring the results of basic research from the academic community into the market place.”
Workshop on wave‐ice interaction
Authors: Wadhams Peter , Squire Vernon , Rottier Philip , Liu Antony , Dugan John , Czipott Peter , Shen Hayley 
Published: October 2006

The subject of wave‐ice interaction has been advanced in recent years by small groups of researchers working on a similar range of topics in widely separated geographic locations. Their recent studies inspired a workshop on wave‐ice interaction held at the Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, England, December 16–18, 1991, where theories in all aspects of the physics of wave‐ice interaction were compared.Conveners of the workshop hoped that plans for future observational and theoretical work dealing with outstanding issues in a collaborative way would emerge. The workshop, organized by the Commission on Sea Ice of the International Association for Physical Sciences of the Ocean (IAPSO), was co‐chaired by Vernon Squire, professor of mathematics and statistics at the University of Otago, New Zealand, and Peter Wadhams, director of the Scott Polar Research Institute. Participants attended from Britain, Finland, New Zealand, Norway, and the United States.
AGU Congressional Fellow begins tenure
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Valerie I. Lang was chosen as AGU's 1992–1993 Congressional Fellow. She was selected from a field of twenty‐three candidates by the Committee on Public Affairs during AGU's Spring Meeting in Montreal.Lang is currently a member of the technical staff of the Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, Calif. Her work involves experimental research in areas of ozone depletion chemistry and launch vehicle effects on the troposphere and stratosphere.
Director urges NSF: Adapt “New Order”
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

The National Science Foundation must respond to dramatic changes in world affairs and science by expanding its purview, or risk losing its vitality, agency director Walter Massey recently told NSF staff.“I'm not sure we're making a difference, or the difference that the nation needs,” Massey said in a recent interview. As he sees it, the current transformation in NSF's environment is as significant as the circumstances that led to the agency's founding. “I think it is imperative that NSF determine its place in this new order,” he says.
Fall Meeting Abstracts Set New Record
Authors: Weaver Brenda 
Published: October 2006

When the dust had settled after the Fall Meeting abstract deadline on September 10, a new record was set: 4,604 abstracts had been received for the San Francisco meeting. This is a 12% increase over last year, making the 1992 meeting the largest AGU meeting ever held!This follows the success of the AGU Spring Meeting in Montreal, which also broke records for the number of presentations and attendees at the annual spring event. We expect 6,000 people to attend this year's Fall Meeting, to be held December 7–11. There will be 400 scientific sessions as well as 120 exhibitors on hand.
Outstanding student papers: SPA
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Six students received Outstanding Student Paper awards for solar physics and aeronomy papers they presented at the AGU 1992 Spring Meeting in Montreal, which was held in May.Carl M. Hammond, who presented “IMF and Down Tail Distance Effects on Magnetotail Boundaries,” is a doctoral student in the Department of Earth and Space Sciences at the University of California, Los Angeles. His research interests include planetary magnetotail structure and simulating the production of kappa distributions.
A text for planetary geology
Authors: Cain Joseph 
Published: October 2006

In this article I review my findings from a search for a suitable text to use in an introductory undergraduate course in planetary geology for nonscience students. I hope to elicit comments from others with a similar need.The books from which I have drawn material for my course are listed below. I first used Hamblin and Christiansen [1991] as the required text but had to switch to a simpler one and chose Wagner's [1991] since it was the most recently published. Morrison and Owen's 1987 edition was considered, but it would have required too much additional material to bring it up to date. (It is scheduled for a new revision in September 1993). There are many excellent older books that are not listed here, including those in astronomy, which include planetary science in some chapters.
NASA team sought for Moon, asteroid mission
Authors: Campbell J. K. 
Published: October 2006

The NASA Solar System Exploration Division will soon be soliciting members for the Clementine Science Team through a research announcement. The Clementine mission is being sponsored by the Space Defense Initiative and will be launched in January 1994 to fly lightweight sensors and other components in a long‐exposure space mission and to collect significant science data on the Moon while in polar orbit for several months, and then while flying at close range past the near‐Earth asteroid Geographos in August 1994.The science team will assist with scientific calibration and documentation of the instruments, assist in planning the science observations, and validate and archive the science data in the NASA Planetary Data System. The team will be composed of experts in various aspects of data collection, reduction, and archiving to ensure that the data collected is of the highest quality possible. Science team members will have proprietary data rights for several months after the asteroid flyby date, which is the nominal end‐ofmission date.
A call for involvement in K‐12 education
Authors: Houghton David D. 
Published: October 2006

Education enhancements at the K‐12 levels continue to be urgent for the United States and, indeed, the world community. This is especially true for science and technology education. It is important that the general scientific community become more involved and consider such participation to be a basic part of professional activity.Professional societies representing the scientific community play an important role in fostering and facilitating participation of this community in K‐12 educational initiatives. Partnerships and cooperation among scientific professional societies and public and private sector institutions are essential to achieving a sustained national impact.
The Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program
Authors: Giardini D. , Basham P. , Berry M. 
Published: October 2006

The National Scientific and Technical Committee of the United Nations International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (UN/IDNDR) has endorsed, as an international demonstration project, the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP), with the full support of UNESCO and the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU).The primary goal of GSHAP is to ensure that national agencies are able to assess seismic hazard in a regionally coordinated fashion and with advanced methods. GSHAP will fill a critical gap cited by many countries in properly assessing the seismic hazard of their territory for the implementation of risk mitigation strategies.
What is a plasma instability?
Authors: Gary S. Peter 
Published: October 2006

Just as a heated solid will melt into a liquid and a liquid heated further will evaporate into a gas, so will a gas subjected to yet further thermal input become ionized. In other words, if the atoms or molecules of a gas are given sufficient thermal energy, particle collisions can tear individual electrons away from these neutral particles, so that the gas becomes a plasma, or a collection of negatively charged electrons and positively charged ions. Thus, the hot, dense fluid of the Sun's atmosphere becomes a plasma at sufficiently high altitudes, and that state is maintained as this atmosphere expands outward to form the solar wind.Ultraviolet radiation can also kick electrons out of their atomic or molecular orbits. If a planet has a neutral atmosphere, that atmosphere acts as a shield against the ionizing effects of such radiation from the Sun. But at sufficiently high altitudes, the tenuous atmosphere is ionized by solar ultraviolet radiation to form the planetary ionosphere and magnetosphere. Thus, plasma is the primary constituent of both planetary magnetospheres and the interplanetary medium.
Climate Since A.D. 1500
Authors: Fleming James R. 
Published: October 2006

The editors of this impressive volume are to be congratulated for gathering a stellar collection of thirty‐three authoritative papers on the most recent period of climate history. In addition to providing thirty‐three pages of introduction and conclusion, the editors also coauthored two important papers for the volume. This book will become a standard reference for the interdisciplinary climatic change community.Climate Since A.D. 1500 is divided into four sections: documentary evidence, dendroclimatic evidence, ice‐core evidence, and forcing factors. In all, there are twelve papers using documentary evidence, eleven using dendroclimatic evidence, five on ice‐core evidence, and three on forcing factors. The documentary papers cover Canada, the northeastern United States, Ireland, central Europe, northern Italy, the former Soviet Union, China, and Japan, with temporal coverage ranging from 1500 to very near the present.
The Clinton administration: Science policy developments
Authors: Jones Richard 
Published: October 2006

There is much speculation on the direction of President‐elect Clinton's science policy and who the key players to implement his decisions will be.Clinton has established nine “cluster groups” to review government agencies and their operations. The cluster group coordinators will prepare briefing books “assessing the state” of agencies, identifying trouble spots, and reviewing personnel issues. Cluster groups are looking at operations, while separate teams are developing policy and hiring sub‐cabinet‐level officials.
Young Scientists' Network
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Young Scientists' Network is an open electronic forum for discussion of issues of concern to young scientists. YSN started nearly 3 years ago as an e‐mail network of physics post‐docs concerned about the shortage of permanent positions. It has since grown to more than one‐thousand members and encompasses nearly all fields of science.Topics of discussion include, but are not limited to, the current job situation, possibilities for change, alternative careers, and the future of science research in the United States.
New agenda for committee on seismology
Authors: Arabasz Walter 
Published: October 2006

An aggressive agenda was shaped to serve the U.S. seismological community and relevant government agencies as seismology advances into the 21st century at the Committee on Seismology's meeting, held from October 22 to 23 in Washington, D.C., under the new chairmanship of Thomas H. Jordan. The Committee on Seismology is a member of the National Research Council's Board on Earth Sciences and Resources.The committee's mission is to keep track of major trends and developments in seismology and allied fields, provide timely studies for government agencies on special subjects or problems, keep abreast of international seismological activities, advise government agencies on the operation of federally supported seismograph networks and data‐dissemination facilities, and coordinate seismological‐related activities within the National Research Council, particularly in the fields of engineering seismology, rock mechanics, geodesy, geodynamics, geology, and seismic verification of nuclear test ban treaties.