bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive Smoking is Strongly Associated with Heart Disease in Hypertensive Workers: Analysis of the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Research
Authors: Paramita Astridya , Indrawati Lely , Izza Nailul , Tjandrarini Dwi Hapsari , Andarwati Pramita , Nantabah Zainul Khaqiqi , Malakauseya Maxwell Landri Vers , Titaley Christiana Rialine 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
This study examined the association between smoking and heart disease in workers with a medical history of hypertension.

Methods:
Data were obtained from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research database. Information was collected from 80,602 respondents who met the inclusion criteria: workers between the ages of 15 and 64 years who were exposed to cigarettes and had a medical history of hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression analysis assessed the association between smoking behavior and heart disease in workers with hypertension.

Results:
A strong association was observed between passive smoking and heart disease. The odds of developing heart disease were significantly higher in passive smokers who were former cigarette smokers than passive smokers who never smoked a cigarette (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.85–2.41). However, the odds were lower in current smokers than in passive smokers without a history of cigarette smoking (aOR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.63–0.79). In addition, the present study found that the odds of developing heart disease increased in respondents from urban areas (aOR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14–1.40), aged 46–64 years (aOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.90–2.36), and from high-level economic status (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.27–1.58).

Conclusion:
Implementing health advocacy initiatives, expanding smoking-free zones, and enhancing workplace anti-smoking policies are important for preventing and reducing the harmful effects of cigarette smoking among workers, particularly those with conditions that make them more susceptible, such as hypertension.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Knowledge among Followers of Various Religions in India
Authors: Karim Asima , Qaisar Rizwan , Khalid Amna , Ahmad Firdos , Hussain M. Azhar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Effective educational interventions to knowledge, attitude, and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) may limit the spread of the disease. However, the relevance of HIV knowledge to followers of religions is unknown. We assessed the 2015–2016 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from India to investigate the levels of knowledge of HIV/AIDS among Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, and Buddhists in relation to standard sociodemographic variables in India.

Methods:
We used the individual and household level data from the internationally and temporally harmonized cross-sectional DHS. These data were representative of the national population and were collected from January 2015 to December 2016.

Results:
The age range of the population was 15–54 years (n = 224,531). We found the highest level of knowledge of HIV/AIDS among Sikh men (than the followers of other religions (80.4%–92.7%). Conversely, Muslims and Hindus were least knowledgeable of HIV/AIDS (80.4% and 81.2%). Younger participants (82.5%), residents of urban areas (90.6%), more educated (98.6%), never married (84.9%), wealthier (95.5%), and having more access to mass media (90.4%–96.7%) were more aware of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge. Among various religions, Sikhs were more educated (16.1% with higher education), wealthier (59.5% in the top quintile), with higher exposure to communication means than Muslims, Hindus, and Christians.

Conclusion:
We report that Sikh men are most knowledgeable of HIV compared to Sikh women and followers of other religions. Our findings may help formulate public health strategies targeting various religious groups to reduce the incidence of HIV/AIDS.
Comparative study between the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A versus carboxytherapy in the treatment of postacne scars
Authors: Fikry Sara M. , Mahmoud Wafaa A. , Elsebaey Hoda K. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Acne scarring remains a challenge to treat. Both botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) and carboxytherapy (CXT) are considered novel treatment modalities for acne scars.

Aim
This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of BTX-A versus CXT in the treatment of postacne scars.

Patients and methods
Forty patients aged 18–50 years, with mild to severe postacne scars, were enrolled in this study and were divided randomly and equally into two groups: group A included 20 patients who underwent three sessions of an intralesional injection into postacne scars by BTX-A at a 3-week interval and group B included 20 patients who underwent three sessions of CXT on postacne scars at a 3-week interval. Evaluation of the clinical response to treatment was performed every 3 weeks and 1 month after the last session by photos and the global scarring grading system and patient satisfaction was assessed.

Results
There was a significant improvement in the degree of scar severity before and after treatment in both groups. There was no significant difference between improvements in both groups, indicating that both modalities of treatment yielded similar net results.

Conclusion
Both BTX-A and CXT can be effective and safe therapeutic options for the treatment of postacne scars with no significant side effects.
Serum midkine level as a diagnostic biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: AbdElaleem Doha M. , Mohammed Safia M. , Hendy Olfat M. , Abdelmageed Neamat A. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Early diagnosis and treatment are the keys for effective treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The use of serological markers in patients at the highest risk of developing HCC may thus decrease HCC mortality and reduce medical costs. Midkine (MK) has an essential role in activities related to carcinogenesis such as proliferation, anti-apoptosis, transformation, migration, and angiogenesis, in many types of tumors, including HCC.

Aim
To evaluate serum levels of MK as a diagnostic biomarker for early detection of HCC in relation to conventional markers, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).

Patients and methods
This study was conducted on 90 individuals who attended the Hepatogastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Al-Zahraa University Hospital, Al Azhar University. The patients were divided into three groups: group I comprised 30 patients with HCC on top of hepatitis C virus and group II comprised 30 patients with cirrhotic liver post-hepatitis C virus.

Control group
The control group comprised 30 healthy adult participants.

Results
Highly statistically significant increase in serum MK in groups I and II in comparison to the control group and statistically significant increase in group I in comparison to group II. Serum MK can be used to discriminate between groups I and II at a cutoff level of more than 97.7,with 80% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 88.9% positive predictive value and 81.8% negative predictive value and area under curve=0.94. Also, it used to discriminate between groups I and III at a cutoff level of more than 76.5, with 100% sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value with area under the curve=1.0.

Conclusion
MK is more accurate than AFP in diagnosing HCC, especially in detecting early stage HCC and AFP-negative HCC.
The Role of Positron Emission Tomography/ Computed Tomography (PET/CT) in Staging of Lung Cancer
Authors: Darwish Mai D. , Abo Seif Emam M. , Khaled Manal F. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. The accurate staging of lung cancer is important in determining the optimal treatment strategy and predicting the prognosis. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT), which has the advantages of PET and CT and minimizes their limitations, is a potential tool for the staging of lung cancer.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the role of PET/CT in the staging of lung cancer.

Patients and methods
This study was carried out on 40 patients with pathologically confirmed lung cancer referred to the Nuclear Medicine Unit affiliated to the Department of Radiodiagnosis at Sharq El Madina Hospital, Ministry of Health, Alexandria, between November 2017 and December 2019 for initial staging of lung cancer with PET/CT or restaging after therapy. Combined PET/CT imaging was performed using the Siemens biograph 64 PET/CT scanner.

Results
(a) Initial staging: PET/CT was able to assess the stage of ten patients (25%), whose stage could not be assessed by CECT. Both PET/CT and CECT disagreed in the staging of six patients. PET/CT staged 10 (25%) patients that could not be assessed by contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and they disagreed in staging of six patients (15%). T staging was predicted by PET/CT in the 40 patients (100%) and by CECT in 30 patients (75%), with disagreement in two patients (5%). PET/CT disagreed with CECT in N staging of 10 patients (25%). PET/CT detected distant metastasis (M) in 18 patients (45%), while CECT detected it in 14 patients (35%). (b) Restaging after neoadjuvant therapy: staging was concordant in six out of eight patients (75%) and dissimilar in two patients (25%).

Conclusion
PET/CT is an essential component in the initial staging of lung cancer for its better locoregional and distant staging abilities. It is also more reliable in restaging after neoadjuvant therapy, being more related to the functional activity of the residual tumor rather than its size.
Serum omentin-1 levels in type II diabetes and its relationship with obesity
Authors: Abdullatif Yasmine M.R. , Ahmed Karima Y. , El-Senosy Fatma M. , Mohammed Abd El-Aziz Rasha El-Sayed 
Published: March 2024

Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder, and its rapid emergence worldwide has led to its classification as an epidemic.

Aim
To increase our knowledge about omentin-1 and its relation with type 2 DM, insulin resistance, and obesity.

Patients and methods
This study included 50 patients with type 2 DM, with an age range from 40 to 70 years, who were divided into two groups (25 obese and 25 nonobese), as well as 40 age group (20 obese and 20 nonobese)-matched patients, who formed the control group. Each group was subjected to full history taking and clinical examination (fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting insulin, and serum omentin-1 levels). Weight and height were measured. Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance and BMI were calculated.

Results
The study showed a significant decrease in serum omentin-1 levels in type 2 diabetic patients in comparison with the control group. Serum omentin-1 levels inversely correlated with obesity, insulin resistance, and systolic blood pressure. Negative associations were found between serum omentin-1 level and fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and fasting lipid levels.

Conclusion
Omentin-1 may be used as a biomarker for obesity and associated metabolic and vascular disorders.
The role of diffusion-weighted MRI in characterization of intracranial cystic lesions
Authors: Kohla Ghada A.S. Ali , AbdelAziz Emam M. , Abd-Elwahab Hoda M. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is reliable in diagnosing intracranial cysts. However, sometimes, it could not give satisfactory diagnostic confidence.

Objective
To study the role of DWI in differentiation between intracranial cysts and the usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient.

Patients and methods
This study included 40 patients of different age groups with intracranial cysts. All patients included were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, routine MRI examination, DWI, and apparent diffusion coefficient map.

Results
Receiver operating characteristic curve was generated to identify inflammatory intra-axial lesions and to obtain the best sensitivity (80%), specificity (83.3%), positive predictive value (80%), and negative predictive value (83.3%). The relationship was significant (P<0.028). Receiver operating characteristic curve to identify epidermoid and arachnoid cysts and to obtain the best sensitivity (100%), specificity (100%), positive predictive value (100%), and negative predictive value (100%). The relationship was significant (P=0.013).

Conclusion
DWI is perfect in differentiating between necrotic tumors and abscesses, benign and malignant intracranial cysts, and between arachnoid and epidermoid cysts. But it failed in differentiating between lower-grade and high-grade glioma.
Evaluating the effectiveness and implementation of an online professional development program for health professional educators: The case of Jimma University
Authors: Tadesse Tefera , Yimer Endris Mekonnen , Hailu Addisalem Taye , Gedamu Shewatatek 
Published: March 2024

The usage of virtual platforms for reforming teachers' continuous professional development (CPD) is becoming more and more necessary in contemporary higher education (HE) settings. For a comprehensive understanding of the implications of this strategy for CPD, research studies from various contexts are required. This study evaluated the effectiveness and implementation of a pilot online professional development (PD) package called the ‘higher diploma program (HDP)’ for health professional educators (HPEs) in the Ethiopian HE context. We used mixed methods in a Hybrid II design. Additionally, a comprehensive e-learning quality framework guided the overall research and integration of the qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative component includes a key-informant interview (KII) with facilitators, a program coordinator, and a single focus group discussion with HPEs. Additionally, the quantitative component includes a cross-sectional survey of the (HPEs’) responses to a self-report questionnaire. The findings show that this pilot project was feasible and well accepted by the HPEs, facilitators, and coordinators of the project. These participants also perceived several implementation challenges as weaknesses of the pilot project. Mitigating the prevailing challenges requires sustained and collaborative efforts by universities, the education and health sector, and other partner institutions. Our interpretations imply that customizing online PD in HE is, ultimately, a local phenomenon that results from individual motivation and interest, institutional capacity, and contextual factors like access to technology, the quality of online PD resources, and program management.
Assessing microbial exoelectrogenicity for enhanced industrial waste water management and power generation
Authors: Nwagu Kingsley Ekene , Ibeh Adaugo Gift , Azumini Peter , Udechukwu Chidozie Dennis , Ogwu Chinedu Ele 
Published: March 2024

The quest for eco-friendly waste management and renewable sources of energy is rapidly increasing. Microbial fuel cell is promising form of renewable energy, which treat and convert organic matter in wastewater to electricity through the aid of microorganisms present in the wastewater. This study assessed for electrogenic microorganisms that generate power during wastewater treatment at a referenced pH of 8.5 and temperature of 37 0C. The exoelectrogenicity and identity of the microbial isolates were confirmed using microbial fuel cell (MFC) and molecular characterization, respectively. Two bacterial isolates: N4- Providencia species, N6- Proteus species, and three fungal isolates: S9- Clavispora lusitaniae, S10- Candida parapsilosis ,S14- Clavispora lusitaniae with accession numbers; KX548357.1, KX548358.1 and KX548359.1, KX548360.1, KX548361.1, respectively showed exoelectrogenic properties. Proteus species and Candida parapsilosis generated relative high-power densities of 1.59 and 1.55 W/m2, respectively. Significant difference (p < 0.05) in wastewater treatment was also observed. When compared with the control wastewater, S10 recorded about 38% of contaminant removal with the following parameters; biochemical oxygen demand (536.38mg/l), chemical oxygen demand (1974mg/l), total dissolved solid (640mg/l) and conductivity (512µS/cm). The findings showed that, not only bacteria, but fungi are good exoelectrogenic microorganisms for industrial wastewater treatment and power generation in MFC setup.
Phraseological units of the semantic field “Organs of the human body” in Persian and ways of their translation into Russian
Authors: Moradi Maryam 
Published: March 2024

The article considers the semantic field “Organs of the human body” and presents a comparative analysis of some important somatic phraseological units of the Persian and Russian languages. Semantic, syntactic and morphological features of the components in each phraseological unit are studied, the similarities and differences between the correlates in Russian and Persian are established. Among the methods used are the semantic and descriptive methods for the identification and description of the phraseological units, comparison and contrast. It was found that in most cases the phraseological units lack precise equivalents and lend themselves to descriptive translation — 7 cases. Translation by analogy (“functional analogues”) is constituted by 7 cases, 8 cases reveal partial equivalence. 2 more examples are an example of synonymous translation in combination with deidiomatization and an example of translation by the equivalent. The results of the work done can be applied in classes of Russian lexicology in order to familiarize Iranian students studying Russian as a foreign language with different methods of translating phraseological units.
Emphatic style of paragraphemics and syntactic partition (on the material of fiction)
Authors: Gubina Elena A. 
Published: March 2024

The emphatic style of paragraphemics (active non-normative use of font variation and planar text organization) and syntactic partition (breaking or weakening of syntactic links in a sentence) are complex text properties that increase its discreteness in terms of visual organization and syntactic structure, respectively. The autonomy of these two integral properties of the text is due to the fact that their implementation belongs to different aspects of the text. Emphatic style and syntactic partition, when combined within a single text, can strengthen and reinforce each other, which is reflected in the coordination of syntactic structure, graphics (punctuation) and paragraphemics (emphasis, indentation). They are also able to form two relatively independent layers of text organization, which, nevertheless, equally contribute to the fragmentation of the text and increase its discreteness.
Motivation discourse axiological pragmatics in American coaches’ speeches
Authors: Gaevskaya Maria A. , Moshnyaga Elena V. , Chikhacheva Daria V. 
Published: March 2024

The article studies values representation peculiarities in American coaches’ motivation discourse. The research focuses on analyzing their speech tactics choices to gain the audience’s trust and indoctrinate them with necessary information. Through compiling and studying the corpus of examples the research results in specifying the notion of motivation discourse, detecting the core values of the American society and the ways to exploit them to manipulate the audience.
MODEL OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN OF THE NEW KEBAYORAN BRANCH CHILDHOOD
Authors: Mukhlish Mukhlish Muhammad Maududi 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran model perlindungan sosial bagi Anak yang dilakukan Pimpinan Cabang Muhammadiyah Kebayoran Baru, data diambil melalui observasi dan wawancara dengan pengurus PCM Kebayoran Baru, dilengkapi dengan dokumen sebagai data sekunder, Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Deskriptif . Hasil penelitian menggambarkan Anak sangat rentang menjadi korban kejahatan, Negara, masyarakat, Organisasi Kemasyarakatan memiliki peran masing-masing dalam melakukan Perlindungan Anak. Selain dalam bidang Pendidikan, Muhammadiyah juga mempunyai fungsi pelayanan Sosial dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup Masyarakat berbasis praksis al-Maun, dengan sinergi antara Majelis Pendidikan Dasar Menengah, dengan Amal Usaha Sekolah-sekolah SD, SMP dan SMA. Amal Usaha LAZIS-MU Kebayoran Baru dan Majelis Hukum dan HAM memberikan perlindungan sosial bagi anak.
Reading Harry Potter
Authors: Anatol Giselle Liza 
Published: March 2024

J. K. Rowling achieved astounding commercial success with her series of novels about Harry Potter, the boy-wizard who finds out about his magical powers on the morning of his eleventh birthday. The books' incredible popularity, and the subsequent likelihood that they are among this generation's most formative narratives, call for critical exploration and study to interpret the works' inherent tropes and themes. The essays in this collection assume that Rowling's works should not be relegated to the categories of pulp fiction or children's trends, which would deny their certain influence on the intellectual, emotional, and psychosocial development of today's children. The variety of contributions allows for a range of approaches and interpretive methods in exploring the novels, and reveals the deeper meanings and attitudes towards justice, education, race, foreign cultures, socioeconomic class, and gender.
Following an introductory discussion of the Harry Potter phenomenon are essays considering the psychological and social-developmental experiences of children as mirrored in Rowling's novels. Next, the works' literary and historical contexts are examined, including the European fairy tale tradition, the British abolitionist movement, and the public-school story genre. A third section focuses on the social values underlying the Potter series and on issues such as morality, the rule of law, and constructions of bravery.
Reconstruction
Authors: Teed Paul E. , Teed Melissa Ladd 
Published: March 2024

Providing an exciting narrative of Reconstruction based on current scholarship, historical sources, as well as interpretive essays on special topics, this book offers real insight into a controversial and critical period in American history.
Reconstruction: A Reference Guide covers the entire period of Reconstruction (1863–1877) with a special emphasis on the struggle for social and political equality in the post-Civil War South. The book's analytical essays, selection of primary documents, and biographies of key participants give readers an understanding of social, political, and economic changes that occurred during this important period as well as provide opportunities to explore more specific issues and debates.
Synthesizing and building on the work of recent scholars, the book documents how the central struggles of Reconstruction revolved around the meaning of freedom for former slaves. The essays describe how a new and sometimes deadly conflict over equal rights and racial justice raged throughout the South in the post-Civil War period and generated a constitutional crisis in the nation's capital as former slaves created alliances with sympathetic whites and sought to build a biracial democracy in the former Confederacy. Readers will not only understand the facts and events of the period, but will also be introduced to historical sources and key interpretive debates.