bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral blood cytogenetic studies in hematological neoplasms: predictors of obtaining metaphases for analysis
Authors: Hussein Kebede , Ketterling Rhett P. , Hulshizer Rachael L. , Kuffel Daniel G. , Wiktor Anne E. , Hanson Curtis A. , Tefferi Ayalew , Van Dyke Daniel L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPeripheral blood (PB) is sometimes used in place of bone marrow (BM) for cytogenetic studies during the evaluation of hematologic malignancies. A total of 242 PB cytogenetic studies from adult patients were performed: clinical diagnosis was a myeloid neoplasm in 169 patients (70%), lymphoid or plasma cell neoplasm in 50 (21%), and a benign/reactive cytopenia or leukocytosis in 23 (9%). PB cytogenetic studies resulted in at least two analyzable metaphases in 142 of the 242 study cases (59%); in univariate analysis, this was predicted by the specific clinical diagnosis (P < 0.0001), presence and degree of circulating myeloid progenitor cells or blasts of any lineage (P < 0.0001), higher leukocyte count (P < 0.001), lower platelet count (P = 0.003), lower hemoglobin level (P = 0.002), and presence of palpable splenomegaly (P = 0.002). In multivariable analysis, only the presence of circulating myeloid progenitor cells or blasts sustained significance and this was consistent with the high yield rates seen in primary myelofibrosis (PMF) (80%), post‐PV/ET PMF (85%), acute myeloid leukemia (76%), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (80%) in contrast with the low rates seen in ET (0%) and PV (2%). In 104 cases, BM cytogenetic studies were performed within 1 month of the PB cytogenetic studies; an abnormal BM cytogenetic finding was another independent predictor of a successful PB study (P = 0.002). PB cytogenetic studies are most appropriate in diseases of adults characterized by presence of circulating myeloid progenitors or blasts; the yield otherwise is too small to be cost‐effective.
Pilot experience with continuous infusion alemtuzumab in patients with fludarabine‐refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Ferrajoli Alessandra , Wierda William G. , LaPushin Ruth , O’Brien Susan M. , Faderl Stefan , Browning Mary L. , Keating Michael J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe evaluated the activity and tolerability of alemtuzumab given as a continuous infusion for 7 d followed by subcutaneous administration for 11 wk as salvage therapy for 10 patients with fludarabine‐refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The continuous infusion of alemtuzumab was well tolerated. The typical infusion reaction seen with intravenous alemtuzumab was abolished. Two patients achieved a partial response with an overall response rate of 20%. Alemtuzumab levels were measured in four patients and detectable levels were obtained in three. Clinical activity needs to be confirmed in a larger patient population.
A novel mutation in a Turkish patient with Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome type 5
Authors: Korswagen Lindy‐Anne , Huizing Marjan , Simsek Suat , Janssen Jeroen J.W.M. , Zweegman Sonja 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by tyrosinase‐positive oculocutaneous albinism, platelet dysfunction and lysosomal ceroid lipofuscin storage. This is caused by defects in lysosome‐related organelles. In humans eight different types of the syndrome are known, of which a short overview is given. The clinical features and a novel mutation of a patient with HPS type 5 are described here.
Blood stem cell mobilization and collection in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases: practical issues
Authors: Jantunen Esa , Kuittinen Taru 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMore than 15 000 autologous stem cell transplants (ASCT) were reported to European Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation registry in 2005, most commonly for multiple myeloma (MM) and lymphomas. In 98% of the cases high‐dose therapy was supported by blood stem cells. Thus stem cell mobilization and collection are integral parts of ASCT protocols. We give here a practical approach to blood stem cell mobilization and collection in patients with various lymphoproliferative diseases. While mobilization is usually easy and straightforward in patients with MM, about 10–20% of patients with non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma or Hodgkin’s lymphoma are hard‐to‐mobilize. There seems to be even more disease‐specific issues in blood stem cell mobilization in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and in patients with light chain amyloidosis. We also discuss options in hard‐to‐mobilize patients.
Bond strength of denture teeth to acrylic resin: effect of thermocycling and polymerisation methods
Authors: Barbosa Debora Barros , Barão Valentim Adelino Ricardo , Monteiro Douglas Roberto , Compagnoni Marco Antonio , Marra Juliê 
Published: March 2008

Background:  Failure of bonding between acrylic resin teeth and denture base material is a considerable problem for patients who wear complete dentures.Objective:  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strength between acrylic resins and resin denture teeth with different thermocycling and polymerisation methods.Materials and methods:  Microwave‐polymerised (Onda‐Cryl), heat‐polymerised (Clássico) and autopolymerising (Jet) acrylic resins and resin denture tooth (Biotone) were used. The acrylic resins were polymerised according to the following: (A) microwave – fast cycle, Onda‐Cryl; (B) microwave – long cycle, Onda‐Cryl; (C) microwave – manufacturer’s cycle, Onda‐Cryl; (T) water bath – long cycle, Clássico; and (Q) bench polymerisation cycle, Jet. Twenty specimens were prepared for each polymerisation method. Ten were thermocycled, and 10 did not receive thermocycling. For the purpose of the study, a shear test was used. Data were analysed with the Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn’s multiple comparisons test (p = 0.05).Results:  Cycles B, C and T were similar (p > 0.05), and had statistically higher bonding values than cycles A and Q (p < 0.05) for the thermocycled and non‐thermocycled groups. For all cycles, there were no statistically significant differences between thermocycled and non‐thermocycled groups (p > 0.05), except for cycle Q (p = 0.0038).Conclusion:  Thermocycling decreased the bond strength, but not significantly for microwave and heat‐polymerised cycles. Regarding the bond strength of denture teeth to acrylic resin, the fast microwave polymerisation cycle should be avoided when polymerising Onda‐Cryl acrylic resin. In addition, Jet acrylic resin is not adequate for use in denture repair.
Genetic characterization of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 gene in lagomorphs: comparison between the families Ochotonidae and Leporidae
Authors: Abrantes J. , Esteves P. J. , Carmo C. R. , Müller A. , Thompson G. , Van Der Loo W. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryChemokines receptors are transmembrane proteins that bind chemokines. Chemokines and their receptors are known to play a crucial role in the immune system and in pathogen entry. There is evidence that myxoma virus, the causative agent of myxomatosis, can use the chemokine receptor CXCR4 to infect cells. This virus causes a benign disease in its natural host, Sylvilagus, but in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) it causes a highly fatal and infectious disease known as myxomatosis. We have characterized the chemokine receptor CXCR4 gene in five genera of the order Lagomorpha, Ochotona (Ochotonidae), and Oryctolagus, Lepus, Bunolagus and Sylvilagus (Leporidae). In lagomorphs, the CXCR4 is highly conserved, with most of the protein diversity found at surface regions. Five amino acid replacements were observed, two in the intracellular loops, one in the transmembrane domain and two in the extracellular loops. Oryctolagus features unique amino acid changes at the intracellular domains, putting this genus apart of all other lagomorphs. Furthermore, in the 37 European rabbits analysed, which included healthy rabbits and rabbits with clinical symptoms of myxomatosis, 14 nucleotide substitutions were obtained but no amino acid differences were observed.
Recognizing Opportunities for Spiritual Enhancement in Young Adults
Authors: Cavendish Roberta , Luise Barbara Kraynyak , Bauer Maria , Gallo Mary Ann , Horne Karen , Medefindt Judith , Russo Donna 
Published: March 2008

Purpose.To describe opportunities in the lives of young adults that strengthen or enhance spirituality. Methods. Descriptive, qualitative. Tape‐recorded, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 13 well adults the ages 18 to 24. Interview transcripts, field notes, vignettes, and research committee minutes were analyzed to reduce coded data into conceptual categories and themes. Findings. Seven themes emerged from the participant's responses to probes: Beliefs, Connectedness, Inner Motivating Factors, Life Events, Divine Providence, Understanding the Mystery, and Walking Through. Conclusions. The accurate assessment of spiritual needs of young adults may be contingent on the assessment of their developmental needs. Knowing the opportunities that present in the lives of young adults to foster spiritual growth is important for nurses, who often are present when these opportunities occur. Practice Implications. Standardized language is limited for accurate nursing diagnosis of human responses in the spiritual domain. The findings support a new wellness nursing diagnosis, “Readiness for Enhanced Spirituality,” to conceptualize a spirituality continuum and support wellness diagnoses. Search Terms: Nursing diagnosis, psychosocial development, religiosity, spirituality, transitions stage
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Usefulness of the Dutch Fatigue Scale
Authors: Tiesinga Lucas J. , Dassen Theo W.N. , Halfens Ruud J.G. , van Den Heuvel Wim J.A. 
Published: March 2008

Purpose. To test the sensitivity, specificity, and usefulness of the Dutch Fatigue Scale (DUFS), which is based on NANDAs defining characteristics of fatigue. Methods. A cross‐sectional design was used among domiciliary patients (N = 213) with chronic heart failure (n = 138) and with breastfeeding postpartum women (n = 75). Findings. Calculations of the sensitivity and specificity of the DUFS, comparisons of the average DUFS sumscores between both nonfatigued and fatigued subjects, as well as between patients with chronic heart failure and postpartum women, and correlation coefficients performed with sociodemographic factors (age, gender, education) demonstrate acceptable psychometric properties. Conclusions. The DUFS is a reliable and valid measurement tool for the assessment of fatigue. Practice Implications. Accurate recognition of the existence and extent of fatigue must precede interventions. Easy to use, reliable tools for the bedside nurse are invaluable assets to practice. Search Terms: Fatigue, measurement of fatigue, psychometric testing
Purification and properties of elm mottle virus
Authors: JONES A. T. , MAYO M. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA virus obtained commonly from Wych elm (Ulmus glabra) in Scotland showing ringspot and line‐pattern leaf symptoms was serologically related to elm mottle virus (EMotV) from East Germany. The virus was seed‐borne in elm and was transmitted by inoculation of sap to elm and twenty‐one herbaceous species. No symptoms developed in infected elm seedlings kept in the glasshouse. In Chenopodium quinoa sap, EMotV lost infectivity after diluting to 10‐4, after 10 min at 60 oC, or 9 days at 18 oC. When purified from C. quinoa sap by clarification with n‐butanol (8‐5 %, v/v) and differential centrifugation, preparations contained quasi‐spherical particles mostly 26–29 nm m diameter (mean = 28 nm) which sedimented as three nucleo‐protein components with sedimentation coefficients (so2o, w) of 83, 88 and 1 or S; most infectivity was associated with the 101 S component but infectivity was enhanced by adding the slower sedimenting components.When centrifuged to equilibrium in caesium chloride solution at 4 oC, purified virus preparations were largely degraded and contained many non‐infective particles c. 15–22 nm in diameter, and intact infective particles which formed a band of density c. 1–34 g/cm3.Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that EMotV contained a single major protein species of estimated mol. wt. 25000 and five RNA species of estimated mol. wt. 1–30, 1.15, 0–82, 0 39 and 0–30 times106. Gel electrophoresis of RNA extracted from the separated components indicated that the 101 S component contained 1–30 x io6 mol. wt. RNA and the 83 S component 0–82 times 106 mol. wt. RNA. In these and other properties, EMotV resembles the serologically unrelated tobacco streak virus.
Evaluation of fungicides for the control of coffee berry disease in Kenya
Authors: VINE B. H. , VINE P. A. , GRIFFITHS ELLIS 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSome sixty fungicides were tested in the laboratory for ability to (a) depress sporulation of Colletotrichum coffeanum on the maturing bark of coffee shoots and (b) inhibit spore germination. On the basis of these tests over twenty products were selected for testing in the field during 1968‐70. Nine of these (50 % copper formulations, Ortho‐Difolatan, Daconil, Benlate, Topsin, Top‐sin M, Tecto 60, Delan and Du‐Ter) could be recommended for control of coffee berry disease (CBD) in Kenya.Field evaluation of fungicides is complicated by multiple flowering which creates a succession of overlapping crops, and by high variability in cropping potential which is often aggravated by normal pruning practices; in some circumstances other diseases and pests may also be a complicating factor. As a result, yield, which should be the most sensitive measure of CBD control, is at times even less satisfactory than disease estimates based on a small sample of the developing crop. Disease incidence in the ripe crop, which is easy to measure, is unfortunately not always well correlated with disease and crop loss earlier in the season. Consequently, critical assessment of fungicide performance requires estimates of both disease progress and crop loss.Consideration of fungicide performance indicates that physical characteristics, particularly persistence and capacity for redistribution, are especially important for effective control of CBD.
Assessment of phosphine fumigation as a plant quarantine measure against Spodoptera littoralis
Authors: HAWKES C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn laboratory tests first instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis were killed by phosphine fumigations of 24 and 48 h at a concentration x time product (CTP) of 36 mg h/1. Eggs aged 1–2 days were, however, tolerant to phosphine at a CTP of 144 mg h/1 and this CTP caused severe damage to chrysanthemum cuttings (cv. Freedom). When eggs aged < 1 day and 1–2 days old were preconditioned at 20 oC for 72 h before phosphine fumigation, complete mortality occurred at CTPs at and above 36 mg h/1. Preconditioning for 48 h at 20 oC and for 48 and 72 h at 15 oC did not produce 100% mortality at a CTP of 288 mg h/1. It was suggested that eggs of S. littoralis pass through a phase of tolerance to phosphine which at 20 oC lasts about 4 days after oviposition.There was no indication that phosphine was toxic to chrysanthemum cuttings (cv. Pollyanne) at concentrations of 0–75 mg/1 (CTPs of 18 and 36 mg h/1). Storage at 15 oC was not damaging to cuttings but at 20 oC some damage became apparent.
Physiological responses of dogwood (Cornus florida) to infestation by the dogwood borer (Thamnosphecia scitula)
Authors: HEICHEL G. H. , TURNER N. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYStudies of a healthy dogwood tree (Cornus florida) and one suffering from a chronic infestation of Thamnosphecia scitula revealed some physiological responses of dogwood to insect damage. In high light the stomatal resistances, measured with a diffusion porometer, of leaves from the infested tree were more than double those of leaves from the healthy tree, indicating that the stomata were not open as wide in the infested tree. The greater stomatal resistance and the curling of leaves from the infested tree implied a deficiency of water, but measurements with a pressure chamber revealed only slight differences in dehydration between the two trees. Furthermore, the leaf curling was not relieved by allowing infested leaves to absorb water and attain full turgor. Leaves from the infested tree contained 35 % more reducing sugars and 63 % more sucrose, but only about half the nitrogen and ash of the healthy counterparts. Photosynthesis was significantly depressed, but dark respiration was not modified in leaves of infested compared with healthy trees. Leaves from the infested tree were 85 % as large and exhibited a 35 % greater specific leaf weight than those from the healthy tree. The conductance of water by stems from the infested tree was only 61–78 % of that by the healthy tree. It is suggested that the inferred disruption of the vascular system by insect activity alters the distribution of minerals and metabolites, hastens senescence and stomatal closure, and modifies growth by diminishing stem conductance, slowing photosynthesis, reducing leaf area, and changing leaf morphology.
Behaviour of some low‐flying aphids in wind
Authors: KENNEDY J. S. , THOMAS A. A. G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYField observations on low‐flying gynoparae of Myzus persicae showed a marked upwind bias of courses in wind speeds between about 0.2 and 1.2 m/s, and of tracks of up to about 0.8 m/s. Progress over the ground was small and the net effect of the upwind bias was loose station‐keeping.Quantitative recordings from Aphis fabae virginoparae in a laboratory wind tunnel 1.2 × 0.9 m in section showed similar station‐keeping behaviour in winds up to about 0.4 m/s. The behaviour comprised upwind orientation and regulation of airspeed according to the wind speed, both reactions being more precise at higher wind speeds.These reactions to wind could be simulated in still air by providing a moving floor pattern. Their role in the field appears to have been underestimated.
Entomophthora infecting wheat bulb fly at Rothamsted, Hertfordshire, 1967–71
Authors: WILDING N. , LAUCKNER F. B. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Entomophthora dipterigena, E. hylemyiae and, most commonly, E. muscae infected wheat bulb flies at Harpenden, Hertfordshire, between 1967 and 1971. The mean annual percentages of infected flies caught were 19, 0, 1, 29 and 16 respectively. These showed an increase with increasing host density. In 1970, two‐thirds of the female flies were killed by E. muscae before they laid any eggs.Conidiophores developed in most flies infected with E. muscae during the 2 weeks after peak emergence of flies. Subsequently, resting spores developed in a progressively increasing proportion of infected flies. Resting spores developed in only six of 130 infected males compared with 103 of 244 infected females in 1970 and 1971. The physiological age of infected flies probably determined whether conidiophores or resting spores developed.
Relative feeding rates of Brevicoryne brassicae and Myzus persicae on Brussels sprout plants in relation to their susceptibility to systemic insecticides
Authors: GALLEY D. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Brevicoryne brassicae and Myzus persicae removed similar quantities of 32P‐labelled material from Brussels sprout leaves whether they fed for 24 or 48 h periods. They also removed similar quantities from untreated leaf disks as from leaf disks treated with a sub‐lethal dose of menazon. When a lethal dose was used, the uptake of 32P by B. brassicae was significantly less than by M. persicae. M. persicae excreted a greater proportion of 32P label in the honeydew than B. brassicae and a greater proportion of the amount absorbed was lost in the progeny of this aphid than in B. brassicae. B. brassicae was 6.2 times more susceptible than M. persicae to dimethoate acting systemically. When it was applied topically the aphids were equally susceptible.Considerable variation in uptake of 32P occurred between replicates and the factors that could influence this are discussed.
The epidemiology of maize streak disease in relation to population densities of Cicadulina spp
Authors: ROSE D. J. W. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of population density of Cicadulina spp. in maize on the epidemiology of maize streak disease was investigated for irrigated crops planted in March or July at Salisbury, Rhodesia, from 1967 to 1969. Experimental plots of maize were invaded for 2–3 months following germination by Cicadulina adults leaving drying veld grasses. When there were few immigrant leaf‐hoppers, incidence of maize streak increased arithmetically through transient settling and feeding of previously infective adults. Infection rates increased when infected plants were removed daily, presumably because of the disturbance of vectors.By comparison, large immigration populations (one leaf‐hopper per three maize plants) resulted in an exponential increase in the incidence of maize streak infection.Aldicarb granules (10%) at 38 g per 12 m row length, applied into a furrow before planting the maize, gave almost complete protection from infection.
The effect of some isolates of ryegrass mosaic virus on different genotypes of Lolium multiflorum
Authors: WILKINS P. W. , CATHERALL P. L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSome isolates of ryegrass mosaic virus produced necrosis in Lolium multiflorum much more frequently than others. This frequency could be increased or decreased by selecting plants with or without necrosis, respectively, as sources of inoculum. Infection with the milder, mosaic‐inducing isolates which rarely caused necrosis did not protect the plants against subsequent infection with the more severe necrosis‐inducing isolates. Oat plants were infected much more readily by isolates which frequently caused necrosis than by the less necrotic isolates, but passage through oat appeared to have no effect on the frequency with which an isolate produced necrosis in ryegrass.Genotypes of L. multiflorum varied greatly in their tolerance of infection. Their level of tolerance was closely correlated with symptom expression. All genotypes tested were tolerant to a mild, mosaic‐inducing, isolate. Two genotypes were tolerant to a severe, necrosis‐inducing, isolate and to an original Rothamsted isolate; three genotypes were equally susceptible to both isolates, and two were more susceptible to the necrotic isolate than to the Rothamsted isolate.
Soil fumigation with methyl bromide: the phytotoxicity of inorganic bromide to carnation plants
Authors: KEMPTON R. J. , MAW G. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYRooted carnation cuttings often developed phytotoxic symptoms when planted in soil previously fumigated with methyl bromide, and many died. Those which recovered suffered a marked check in growth and flower production was reduced. Plant injury and effects on flower yield were more severe at high rates of fumigant application, but were reduced by flooding the soil with water or by incorporating peat into the growing medium.Plant survival and flower yield were inversely related to the concentration in soil of inorganic bromide formed by the breakdown of the fumigant. Injury to plants occasionally occurred in the presence of soil concentrations of inorganic bromide as low as 5 pglg. Flooding the soil or incorporating peat into it were beneficial because these treatments reduced the soil concentration of inorganic bromide.Carnation plants which were grown in soil previously fumigated with methyl bromide or supplemented directly with potassium bromide accumulated bromide in their leaves, and a bromide gradient was eventually established, the concentrations decreasing from the bottom to the top of the plants.The evidence that inorganic bromide is the cause of the injury to carnations is discussed, and the role of peat in alleviating the incidence and seventy of the injury is considered.