bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Angiotensin II/Angiotensin II Receptor System Correlates with Nodal Spread in Intestinal Type Gastric Cancer
Authors: Röcken Christoph , Röhl Friedrich-Wilhelm , Diebler Eva , Lendeckel Uwe , Pross Matthias , Carl-McGrath Stacy , Ebert Matthias P.A. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
We aimed to substantiate the putative significance of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R) for gastric cancer biology by investigating the correlation of their expression with various clinicopathologic variables and patient survival. Local expression of AT1R, AT2R, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was investigated by immunohistochemistry in tumor and corresponding nontumor specimens obtained from 100 patients with gastric cancer, and compared with the ACE insertion/deletion gene polymorphism. AT1R and AT2R were found in the tumor epithelial cells of 26 (26%) and 95 (95%) patients, respectively. AT1R was significantly more prevalent (P &lt; 0.001) in intestinal type gastric cancer than in diffuse type gastric cancer. In intestinal type gastric cancer, its expression correlated with the N category (P = 0.009) and the International Union Against Cancer tumor stage (P = 0.024). AT1R+ intestinal type gastric cancers had a larger number of lymph node metastases (P = 0.026), a higher International Union Against Cancer tumor stage (P = 0.032), and a shorter survival time (P = 0.009) than AT1R− tumors. Multivariate analysis with lymph nodes as a dependent variable showed that AT1R status and ACE-I/D gene polymorphism are independent risk factors. Irrespective of the genotype, AT1R+ gastric cancers had a relative risk of lymph node metastases of 4.40 (95% confidence interval, 1.30-14.86). When the ACE genotype was included, the relative risk of having lymph node metastases increased considerably in AT1R+ tumors being heterozygous or homozygous for the ACE D allele (odds ratio, 19.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-248.24). Our study shows that AT1R and AT2R are expressed locally in gastric cancer and that the combination of AT1R expression and ACE I/D gene polymorphism correlates with nodal spread in intestinal type gastric cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(6):1206–12)
Low-Positive Antibody Titer againstHelicobacter pyloriCytotoxin-Associated Gene A (CagA) May Predict Future Gastric Cancer Better Than Simple Seropositivity againstH. pyloriCagA or againstH. pylori
Authors: Suzuki Gen , Cullings Harry , Fujiwara Saeko , Hattori Nobuaki , Matsuura Shinsuke , Hakoda Masayuki , Akahoshi Masazumi , Kodama Kazunori , Tahara Eiichi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: To investigate the IgG antibody titer against Helicobacter pylori CagA as a risk factor for future noncardia gastric cancer.Methods: A nested case-control study was done in the longitudinal cohort of atomic bomb survivors using stored sera before diagnosis (mean, 2.3 years). Enrolled were 299 cancer cases and 3 controls per case selected from cohort members matched on age, gender, city, and time and type of serum storage and countermatched on radiation dose.Results: H. pylori IgG seropositive with CagA IgG low titer was the strongest risk factor for noncardia gastric cancer [relative risk (RR), 3.9; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.1-7.0; P &lt; 0.001], especially for intestinal-type tumor (RR, 9.9, 95% CI, 3.5-27.4; P &lt; 0.001), compared with other risk factors, H. pylori IgG seropositive with CagA IgG negative (RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.9; P = 0.0052), H. pylori IgG seropositive with CagA IgG high titer (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3-3.2; P = 0.0022), chronic atrophic gastritis (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.3; P &lt; 0.001), current smoking (RR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4-3.5; P &lt; 0.001), or radiation dose (RR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.1; P = 0.00193). Current smoking showed significantly higher risk for diffuse-type than intestinal-type tumors (P = 0.0372). Radiation risk was significant only for nonsmokers, all noncardia, and diffuse-type gastric cancers.Conclusions: A low CagA IgG titer is a useful biomarker to identify a high-risk group and it also provides a clue to understanding host-pathogen interaction. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(6):1224–8)
Genetic and Environmental Sources of Variation in Heart Rate Response to Infused Nicotine in Twins
Authors: Swan Gary E. , Lessov-Schlaggar Christina N. , Krasnow Ruth E. , Wilhelmsen Kirk C. , Jacob Peyton , Benowitz Neal L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe heart rate response to nicotine may be an important component of the process leading to dependence. The present study is the first to determine the extent to which genetic and environmental sources play a role in various components of the heart rate response. One hundred and ten monozygotic and 29 dizygotic twin pairs received an i.v. infusion of nicotine and cotinine over 30 min. Before, during, and for 30 min after infusion, heart rate was measured via an electronic monitor. The clearance of nicotine was determined as a measure of the rate of nicotine metabolism. Average resting heart rate before infusion was 64.7 beats per minutes (bpm), and at the termination of infusion, heart rate had increased to an average of 72.7 bpm. At 30 min after infusion, heart rate had decreased to 67.5 bpm. Age, current smoking status, body mass index, and nicotine clearance were associated significantly with heart rate levels over the full 60 min of measurement. After adjustment for several covariates, including dose of administered nicotine and rate of nicotine clearance, the variance in several characteristics of the heart rate response curve was examined for the relative contribution from genetic and environmental sources. In the total sample, as much as 30.3% of the variance in the acceleration of heart rate was due to additive genetic sources. In nonsmokers, 34.8% and 31.0% of variance in the acceleration and deceleration of heart rate, respectively, was due to genetic sources. Heart rate acceleration and deceleration may be a reflection of central nervous system responsiveness to nicotine. The contribution from genetic sources to heart rate response characteristics should be investigated further as a potential endophenotype for use in genetic studies of nicotine dependence. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(6):1057–64)
MDR1Gene Variants, Indoor Insecticide Exposure, and the Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Urayama Kevin Y. , Wiencke John K. , Buffler Patricia A. , Chokkalingam Anand P. , Metayer Catherine , Wiemels Joseph L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective: The multidrug resistance (MDR) 1 gene encodes a membrane transporter called P-glycoprotein, which plays an important role in protecting cells against lipophilic xenobiotics by way of an ATP-dependent cellular efflux mechanism. Among children enrolled in the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study, we examined the susceptibility conferred by MDR1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and predicted haplotypes and whether they modify the association between indoor insecticide exposure and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Methods: Buccal cell DNA from ALL cases (n = 294) and controls (n = 369) individually matched on gender, date of birth, Hispanic status, and maternal race were whole genome amplified and genotyped for four MDR1 SNPs, T−129C (rs3213619), C1236T (rs1128503), G2677T/A (rs2032582), and C3435T (rs1045642). Detailed and time-specific information on household pesticide use was obtained using in-home interviews with the mother.Results: Allele frequencies in non-Hispanic White and Hispanic controls were similar, and with the exception of T−129C, seemed to be in strong linkage disequilibrium. Overall, the SNPs considered individually or within haplotypes (C1236T-G2677T/A-C3435T) were not significantly associated with childhood ALL. However, we observed strong evidence of a differential effect of indoor insecticide exposure (interaction odds ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.64; P = 0.025) on risk of ALL between carriers and noncarriers of haplotype CGC.Conclusion: These preliminary data suggest that children carrying the haplotype CGC may be less susceptible to the leukemogenic effects of indoor insecticide exposures. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(6):1172–7)
A Multifaceted Intervention to Increase Cervical Cancer Screening among Underserved Korean Women
Authors: Fang Carolyn Y. , Ma Grace X. , Tan Yin , Chi Nungja 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective: Despite the proven survival benefits associated with cervical cancer screening, use of the Pap test continues to be suboptimal in some population subgroups, such as among Korean-American women who face considerable barriers to screening. Therefore, we evaluated a multifaceted intervention that combined psychoeducational counseling with patient navigation to address both psychosocial and access barriers to screening.Method: Women (n = 102) were recruited from Korean community centers and assigned to the intervention or control condition. The intervention group received cervical cancer education and patient navigation delivered by bilingual Korean health educators. The control group received general health education, including information about cervical cancer and screening. Assessments were obtained at baseline and postintervention. Screening behavior was assessed at 6 months postintervention.Results: At baseline, 17% of participants reported having had a Pap test in the previous year. At 6 months postintervention, 83% of women in the intervention group had obtained screening compared with 22% in the control group, χ2(1) = 41.22, P &lt; 0.001. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that participation in the intervention was associated with screening (P &lt; 0.001). Fewer psychosocial barriers (e.g., discomfort at having a stranger perform Pap) and greater self-efficacy were also associated with screening (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: A combined modality intervention that delivers education with patient navigation training and assistance resulted in increased screening rates. Multifaceted approaches may be effective in reducing the psychosocial, access, and language barriers that contribute to cancer health disparities in underserved populations. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(6):1–5)
Prospective Cohort Study of Green Tea Consumption and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Women
Authors: Yang Gong , Shu Xiao-Ou , Li Honglan , Chow Wong-Ho , Ji Bu-Tian , Zhang Xianglan , Gao Yu-Tang , Zheng Wei 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Tea and its constituents have shown anticarcinogenic activities in in vitro and animal studies. Epidemiologic studies, however, have been inconsistent. We prospectively evaluated the association between green tea consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in a cohort of 69,710 Chinese women aged 40 to 70 years. Information on tea consumption was assessed through in-person interviews at baseline and reassessed 2 to 3 years later in a follow-up survey. During 6 years of follow-up, 256 incident cases of CRC were identified. The multivariate relative risk of CRC was 0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.88) for women who reported drinking green tea regularly at baseline compared with nonregular tea drinkers. A significant dose-response relationship was found for both the amount of tea consumed (P trend = 0.01) and duration in years of lifetime tea consumption (P trend = 0.006). The reduction in risk was most evident among those who consistently reported to drink tea regularly at both the baseline and follow-up surveys (relative risk, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.77). The inverse association with regular tea drinking was observed for both colon and rectal cancers. This study suggests that regular consumption of green tea may reduce CRC risk in women. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(6):1219–23)
A Simple and Practical Method for the Preparation of Magnetite Nanowires
Authors: Tang Yan , Chen Qianwang 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Single-crystalline magnetite nanowires were prepared by a facile hydrothermal process in the presence of citrate anions and PVP at 180 °C for 24 h. The magnetite nanowires have diameters of 60–180 nm and length up to several ten micrometers. The nanowires were identified to grow along the [110] direction. On the basis of the results, the formation mechanism of the magnetite nanowires was discussed.
Hydrogen Gas Sensing Properties of Calcium Metaphosphate Glass-derived Hydrogels
Authors: Akamatsu Takafumi , Osaki Hiroshi , Daiko Yusuke , Kasuga Toshihiro 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
A calcium metaphosphate glass-derived hydrogel shows high electrical conductivities of about 1 mS/cm around room temperature. Potentiometric hydrogen gas sensors using the hydrogel showed good Nernstian response to hydrogen gas concentration difference generated between detective and reference electrodes. The proton transport number of the hydrogel was estimated to be almost 1; no contribution of Ca2+ and OH− ions in the hydrogel was shown. The evaluation of amperometric hydrogen gas sensors showed that limiting currents vary with hydrogen gas flow rates.
Synthesis of 1,1′-Binaphthyl-2,2′-diyl Phosphoroselenoic Ammonium Salts and Their Conversion to Optically Active Dialkyl Diselenides
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Monzaki Masaki , Shibahara Fumitoshi 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Optically pure phosphoroselenoyl chloride reacted with Et3N in the presence of H2O to give a phosphoroselenoic tertiary ammonium salt. Formation of the salt was confirmed by X-ray molecular structure analysis. The quaternary ammonium salt was prepared by reacting phosphoroselenoic acid O-2-silylethyl ester with Bu4NF. The alkylation of tertiary ammonium salt with racemic alkyl halides gave phosphoroselenoic acid Se-esters as diastereomeric mixtures. The cleavage of Se-esters with Bu4NF gave optically active dialkyl diselenides.
Monitoring Teriparatide-Associated Changes in Vertebral Microstructure by High-Resolution CT In Vivo: Results From the EUROFORS Study
Authors: Graeff Christian , Timm Wolfram , Nickelsen Thomas N , Farrerons Jordi , Marín Fernando , Barker Clare , Glüer Claus C 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
We introduce a method for microstructural analysis of vertebral trabecular bone in vivo based on HRCT. When applied to monitor teriparatide treatment, changes in structural variables exceeded and were partially independent of changes in volumetric BMD.
Introduction: Monitoring of osteoporosis therapy based solely on bone densitometry is insufficient to assess anti-fracture efficacy. Assessing bone microstructure in vivo is therefore of importance. We studied whether it is possible to monitor effects of teriparatide on vertebral trabecular microstructure independent of BMD by high-resolution CT (HRCT).
Materials and Methods: In a subset of 65 postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis who participated in the EUROFORS study, HRCT scans of T12, quantitative CT of L1–L3, and DXA of L1–L4 were performed after 0, 6, and 12 mo of teriparatide treatment (20 μg/d). We compared BMD and 3D microstructural variables in three groups of women, based on prior antiresorptive treatment: treatment-naïve; pretreated; and pretreated women showing inadequate response to treatment.
Results: We found statistically highly significant increases in most microstructural variables and BMD 6 mo after starting teriparatide. After 12 mo, apparent bone volume fraction (app. BV/TV) increased by 30.6 ± 4.4% (SE), and apparent trabecular number (app. Tb.N.) increased by 19.0 ± 3.2% compared with 6.4 ± 0.7% for areal and 19.3 ± 2.6% for volumetric BMD. The structural changes were partially independent of BMD as shown by a significantly larger standardized increase and a standardized long-term precision at least as good as DXA. Patients who had shown inadequate response to prior osteoporosis treatment did show improvements in BMD and structural measures comparable to treatment-naïve patients.
Conclusions: HRCT is a feasible method for longitudinal microstructural analysis of human vertebrae in vivo, offers information beyond BMD, and is sufficiently precise to show profound effects of teriparatide after 12 mo.
Longitudinal Analysis of Mesenchymal Progenitors and Bone Quality in the Stem Cell Antigen-1–Null Osteoporotic Mouse
Authors: Holmes Christina , Khan Tayyab S , Owen Celeste , Ciliberti Nadia , Grynpas Marc D , Stanford William L 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
We performed a longitudinal analysis of bone quality in Sca-1–null mice. A tight temporal, site-specific association between Sca-1–deficient BMD deficiency and reduced mesenchymal progenitor frequency was observed. Defects in trabecular microarchitecture and mineralization were, at least partially, responsible for the age-related reduction in toughness of Sca-1−/− bones.
Introduction: We previously showed that stem cell antigen 1 (Sca-1)–null mice undergo normal bone development but exhibit significantly decreased bone mass characteristic of age-dependent osteoporosis. The objective of this study was to characterize the initiation and progression of the Sca-1 mutant skeletal phenotype at the cellular, structural, material, and mechanical levels.
Materials and Methods: Sca-1–null and control mice were analyzed at 3, 5, 7, and 9 mo of age. In vitro osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow and spleen-derived progenitor populations was assessed. Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal progenitor frequency, along with osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential, was analyzed in vitro. Static histomorphometry of the sixth lumbar vertebrae was performed. Whole body, femoral, and vertebral BMD were assessed using DXA. Lumbar vertebrae were analyzed using μCT, back-scattered electron imaging, and compression tests. Three-point bending and femoral neck fracture tests were performed on excised femurs.
Results: Sca-1–null mice displayed an age-dependent, cell-autonomous osteoclast deficiency in vitro. From 7 mo of age onward, reduced Sca-1–null femoral BMD was observed alongside reduced mesenchymal progenitor frequency, and decreased in vitro osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential. Sca-1–deficient mice exhibited reduced whole body BMD compared with controls at all time-points analyzed. Although no differences in spinal BMD were observed, Sca-1−/− vertebrae exhibited decreased bone formation, with a maximal difference at 7 mo of age, inferior trabecular microarchitecture, and a greater degree of mineralization. At all sites tested, Sca-1–null bones exhibited reduced energy to failure from 5 mo onward.
Conclusions: We showed a tight association within Sca-1–null mice between the initiation of stem cell defects and the exacerbation of deficiencies in bone quality at two sites clinically relevant to developing osteoporotic fractures. Sca-1–deficient mice, therefore, provide a novel and useful murine model of age-related osteoporosis, which with additional study, should further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this increasingly prevalent disease.
Histamine Receptor H1 and Dermatopontin: New Downstream Targets of the Vitamin D Receptor
Authors: Pochampally Radhika R , Ylostalo Joni , Penfornis Patrice , Matz Robert R , Smith Jason R , Prockop Darwin J 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
In this study, we used multipotential MSCs and microarray assays to follow the changing patterns of gene expression as MSCs were differentiated to osteoblasts. We analyzed co-expressed gene groups to identify new targets for known transcription factor VDR during differentiation. The roles of two genes (histamine receptor H1 and dermatopontin) as downstream targets for the VDR were confirmed by gel electromotility shift, siRNA inhibition, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays.
Introduction: Osteogenesis is stringently controlled by osteoblast-specific signaling proteins and transcription factors. Mesenchymal stem or multipotential stromal cells from bone marrow (MSCs) have been shown to differentiate into osteoblasts in the presence of vitamin D3.
Materials and Methods: We used MSCs and microarray assays to follow the changing patterns of gene expression as MSCs were differentiated to osteoblasts. The data were analyzed with a previously developed strategy to identify new downstream targets of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), known osteogenesis transcription factor. Hierarchical clustering of the data identified 15 distinct patterns of gene expression. Three genes were selected that expressed in the same time-dependent pattern as osteocalcin, a known target for the VDR: histamine receptor H1 (HRH1), Spondin 2 (SPN), and dermatopontin (DPT). RT-PCR, electromotility shift, siRNA inhibition assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to analyze the role of VDR in activation of DPT and HRH1 during differentiation.
Results and Conclusions: RT-PCR assays confirmed that the genes were expressed during differentiation of MSCs. The roles of two genes as downstream targets for the VDR were confirmed by gel electromotility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays that showed the presence of VDR complex binding sequences. Overexpression of VDR in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells induced the expression of HRH1 and DPT. Inhibition studies with siRNA to DPT and HRH1 showed a decrease in MSC differentiation to osteogenic lineage. In addition, osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was inhibited by the HRH1 inhibitor mepyramine but not the HRH2 inhibitor ranitidine. In conclusion, we show that analysis of co-expressed gene groups is a good tool to identify new targets for known transcription factors.
Effects of Long‐term 4‐Aminopyridine Therapy on Glucose Tolerance and Glucokinetics in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Segal Jack L. , Thompson John F. , Tayek John A. 
Published: June 2007

Study Objective. To assess the effects of the potassium channel blocker, 4‐aminopyridine, on glucose tolerance and glucokinetics in patients with spinal cord injury.Design. Prospective, dose level–blinded study.Setting. University‐affiliated, tertiary‐level care, Veterans Affairs medical center, and a university‐affiliated research center.Patients. Thirty‐one patients with spinal cord injury of more than 1 year's duration.Intervention. In a fasting state, patients ingested 75 g of glucose and completed a 5‐hour oral glucose tolerance test before and after 6 months of treatment with an oral, immediate‐release formulation of 4‐aminopyridine.Measurements and Main Results. The time course of glucose plasma concentrations during the oral glucose tolerance tests was profiled for each patient, and glucokinetic parameters were estimated. Results were compared at baseline and after 6 months of treatment with 4‐aminopyridine. Of the 31 patients, 29 (94%) had impaired glucose tolerance at baseline. After 6 months of treatment with 4‐aminopyridine, 12 (41%) of the 29 patients had a 2‐hour postprandial glucose level that no longer supported a diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance. No significant changes or clinically important trends were seen in fasting blood glucose concentrations or in other glucokinetic parameters in these patients.Conclusions. The long‐term administration of an oral, immediate‐release formulation of 4‐aminopyridine to patients with longstanding spinal cord injury was associated with readily discernible, potentially clinically significant improvements in glucose tolerance. Because impaired glucose tolerance is a common finding in patients with spinal cord injury, more research, including randomized controlled trials with large study populations, is warranted on this potential treatment.