bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Health Care and Health Restructurisation Program
Authors: Harjono M. S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Pertamina is a big integrated Oil Company with over 46.000 employees, in which 6.433 employees are working for E.P. Directorate. As Pertamina is the only one state Oil Company in the country, principally E.P. Directorate covers all Indonesian territory.
Health Service Department as one of essential supporting Units in the company performs comprehensive health care, not only for the employees but also for their dependents. Its existancy is very important to maintain prosperity and productivity, since availability, accessibility, and quality of public medical service in the country is questionable to meet the required standards of an oil company. By all company efforts especially comprehensive health care performed year by year since 15 years ago, health status and health problems among Pertamina society is just similar to condition in modern industrialised countries. Health restructurisation program performed since 7 years ago curtail the initial steep increasement of cost to just similar to the inflation rate in the society.
Besides the quality of health service is being better, since we always improve not only knowledge, skill, and attitude of health personnels, but also other health resources such as equipments, medicines, and others.
An Integrated Approach to Minimizing Risk While Drilling
Authors: Wand P. A. , Rasmus J. C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
There is increasing pressure on service contractors and operators in the oil industry to improve the ROI associated with drilling wells. At the same time, rigorous safety standards and procedures are necessary to improve the protection of personnel, equipment and the environment.
An integrated approach using state-of-the-art tools and experienced, qualified personnel allows us to minimize and monitor the operational risk associated with the drilling process on a well-specific basis.
We describe how well planning tools, pressure simulation software, drilling parameter monitoring and kick detection methods can be used to plan and drill a well.
An operational example is shown where a sensitive kick detection technique coupled with a real-time safety application yields an improved understanding of the pore pressure profile and lithology associated with a specific well.
The right combination of tools and techniques applied to a specific well is the key to conducting a safer, more cost-effective drilling operation.
A Field Defensive Driving School
Authors: Baizan R. M. , Raei Ghassan , Abcorabbo Azzam 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Long straight desert roads with little or no traffic controls, lights, signs, or law enforcement creates a temptation to speed. Passing these same roads through occasional villages with unsupervised young children and farm animals having free access to the road make it a vehicle accident disaster area. This was the situation in the Euphrates River valley of Syria where Schlumberger Oil field companies were suffering a series of severe vehicle related accidents, to the extent that they became the companies’ greatest risk exposure.
After a fatality involving a Sedco Forex vehicle and communications between top management of Schlumberger and Al Furat Petroleum Company, the major operating company in the area, Schlumberger committed to starting a defensive driving school to train company drivers in Syria. It would be a joint effort by all Schlumberger companies in the area under the coordination of Sedco Forex.
A study was made of the operating area in Syria by Dowell's top driving expert to evaluate the driving conditions specific to the area and to design a trainer training course to address those conditions.
Trainer candidates were trained, costs sharing agreements made, training aids produced and translated to Arabic, driving policies issued, and classroom and driving range facilities set up. Use of VAPS (Vehicle Accident Prevention System), electronic driving parameter recorders, in vehicles was included in the plan to augment the defensive driving training and to follow progress of improvement in the drivers’ skills.
The school commenced training drivers in October of 1992 and has been training at a rate of 8 drivers per week. Results show a marked decrease in vehicle accident rates.
Group Unified Accident Reporting Database (GUARD)
Authors: Koene W. T. C. J. , Willink C. A. Tjeenk , Waterfall K. W. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A paper on the Group Unified Accident Reporting Database was already presented and published during the First International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, The Hague, 11th - 14th November 1991 1 (SPE 23211). This paper serves to summarise the main features of GUARD (for which some of the material of SPE 23211 will be repeated) and to highlight developments of the system since December 1991.
Information System for Exchange of Experiences From Accidents and Incidents Among Oil Companies and Contractors
Authors: Ynnesdal Harald , Bentsen B. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Work related accidents and incidents very often lead to harm to people, damage to property and consequential economical loss. Important measures in all kinds of loss prevention are the collection and processing of relevant data in order to provide "lessons learned" for the organization. Systems for handling of accident and incident information are quite usual among oil and gas industries, being either manually operated or computerized. However, such systems are mainly intended for internal use and hardly ever intended for the exchange of information among industries.
This paper describes a pilot project named "Synergy" which; based on personal computer technology is aiming at the exchange of accident and incident data between different companies in order to increase the information base for loss prevention management.
The "Synergy" system is now being further developed into a common operational version which will take care of the exchange of information within industry and a "stand alone" version to be used within individual companies.
E&P Forum: Leak and Ignition Frequency Data Base
Authors: Priest M. J. , Grundt H. J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
One of the least reliable quantified risk assessment (QRA) data areas for the offshore oil and gas explo-ration and production business is hydrocarbon leak and ignition frequency data. The potential impact of this lack of reliable data is that large investments in risk reduction measures may be being made inappropriately in some areas whilst insufficient investments may be being made in others. E&P Forum members recognised this and set up a limited interest project (LIP) in 1991 to improve these data. The first phase of the project was completed in 1992 with the issue of a data base (in paper form) and guide-lines for data collection. The data base was prepared using only the limited amount of data readily available from E&P Forum LIP members, the project contractor's own records and the public domain. Although these are probably the best data available to date, it is considered that significant improvement is required.
The second phase of the project started with the signing of a contract between E&P Forum and DNV Technica early 1993 to set up a continuous worldwide data collection scheme and a computerised data base system. Eleven E&P Forum members have joined this LIP to date. World-wide data collection from offshore oil and gas fields is planned to commence in the fourth quarter of 1993.
The Offshore Safety Division of the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE-OSD) is setting up a similar data base to collect data from the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) in accordance with the Cullen report recom-mendation No. 39. The E&P Forum and the HSE-OSD are in close contact to ensure that these data bases are compatible. Other national governments are monitoring the development of the project with interest.
This project represents a unique opportunity for sharing experiences to reduce risk exposure and avoid costly incidents. This paper summarises the status of the project, gives information on the type of data which is planned to be collected and invites other companies to join the project for the mutual benefit of all.
Development of a Safety and Production Automation System Utilizing Open-System Philosophy
Authors: Godfrey C. W. , Perkins D. H. , Plunkett Joe , Olszewski Keith 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The present climate of the oil and gas industry compels operators to seek greater operational efficiency. In addition, they are also experiencing increased emphasis on the protection of personnel, equipment, and the environment. A safety and production automation system for a producing field or battery can support both these needs by facilitating compliance to safety requirements for personnel and the environment as well as optimizing production and reducing maintenance. Experience gained from the automation that has benefitted processing plants, water treatment facilities, and manufacturing plants has enabled the oil and gas industry to apply the same technology to its operations, and thereby, reap the same benefits. These include streamlined automation of production testing and data collection, which in turn, frees manpower for other needs.
A Fundamental Reappraisal of Power Boats in Field Operations
Authors: Stowell John 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The paper seeks to raise awareness of those persons responsible for organising exploration in tropical countries where powerboats are deployed for transporting personnel and equipment.
All the evidence used to produce the paper has been obtained by the first hand experience of the author, acquired during the last five years, while conducting structured training courses for Nigerian National boat drivers employed by seismic companies operating in Rivers State, Edo and Delta States - Nigeria. More recently, the author was fortunate to work in The Arabian Gulf, alongside Indian, Philippine and Expatriate boat drivers.
Emphasis will be placed on the potential costs of ignorance of basic safe operational practices afloat, specifying the problem areas and recommending appropriate methods to reduce "incidents" and increase production.
Accident Risk Reduction on the Back Deck of Seismic Vessels
Authors: Gjestrum Einar , Simon J-M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A task force was established within Geco-Prakla to evaluate the back deck safety of our vessels, with the objective to reduce back deck accidents. This was done by collecting existing safety reports and preparing, distributing and analysing a safety questionnaire sent to 25 vessels. On the basis of the findings and evaluations various modifications and changes to the existing equipment and procedures were implemented. Certification and maintenance procedures for handling and towing appliances and for high pressure air systems were established. A uniform marking of back deck safety zones as well as standardisation of the mechanical seismic equipment were implemented.
Practical System for Identification of Potential Hazards and Performance of Risk Analysis in Oil and Gas Operating Environments: Norwegian Approach
Authors: Kile Hogne , Magnussen Terje 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The evolution of structured safety management systems and the new regulations concerning implementation and use of risk analyses in the petroleum activities have created a new structure and framework for risk analyses in Norway. This structure and framework is discussed. The formulation of risk acceptance criteria caused quite a few headaches before practical oriented professionals finally set the foot down and got them in place. The structure for acceptance criteria is discussed both for life and health of personnel, pollution to the environment, and damage to assets.
In addition the new Norwegian national standard for performance of risk analyses is establishing a cook-book approach to the risk analysis process itself, and this approach is described.
This paper also discusses an efficient and structured way of initial identification of hazards (in a system or activity), and the evolution of the Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) method, in order to adapt it to new areas of application, and tailor making each analysis process.
Risk analyses, used correctly, can have great effects in improving the safety and economy of any operation, especially where several technical systems and activities are managed by the interaction of men and procedures. However, risk analyses are not the ultimate solution, and a "code of ethics" for risk analyses, both performance and results, have been developed, and is summarised.
A systematic approach for the implementation of safety management systems and risk analyses is described, including some viewpoints on the duration of such an implementation process.
Experiences, results, examples and conclusions from the active use of these techniques during the last two years is presented in "neutralised" form. The immediate results of most of these techniques are to do things differently, improve plans, improve procedures, involve experienced operations personnel, and increase the emergency preparedness awareness and systems reliability. In the end the important results are less fatalities, less accidents, less pollution and less money spent on non-productive activities.
Risk Evaluation of South East Asian Offshore Complexes
Authors: Heels R. G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Over the last year, comprehensive Hazard Evaluation exercises have been performed on two multi-platform offshore oil and gas complexes in the South East Asian region. The programme of Evaluations will now continue to address further manned installations in the same area.
The Evaluations have been performed outside any specific legislative environment which allowed a greater freedom in both the methodology and the presentation of results. This has necessitated a somewhat different approach to that which could now be called ‘classical’ in the European arena.
The programme for the work was very short requiring that the phenomenological, Hazard, studies proceeded in parallel with Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) modelling. The software package which was used for the QRA was created to overcome the auditability problems which have previously existed in other computerised methods of performing the work, but was found to have limitations in the mass of data which could be easily handled.
Multi-platform complexes are normally considered safer than the monolithic structures found in the deeper waters, because personnel can escape across linking bridges and then muster and evacuate with ease. The overall finding of our work so far is that the risk to life posed by the structures examined is comparable with the North Sea environment, because of (1) the different approach to protection systems and (2) the ‘evolutionary’ mode in which the complexes expand and incorporate more plant and platforms.
Tools for Identifying Truly Cost-Effective Risk-Reduction Measures for Offshore Facilities
Authors: Lewis S. J. , Alderman J. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Quantitative risk analysis and cost-benefit analysis are two primary tools available to risk managers to help identify the most cost-effective risk-reduction options for their facilities. The tools enable the risk managers to justify an optimal strategy for the allocation of their company's valuable financial and manpower resources.
Even then, other more unquantifiable factors such as meeting industry best standards and incorporating workforce suggestions need to be considered in a systematic manner before a proposed engineering upgrade may receive internal approval by the business manager.
Experience indicates that the cost of the analysis may be less than ten percent of the potential savings generated by avoiding ineffective and costly improvement measures.
Emergency Resource Management Training
Authors: Grinde T. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Over a period of more than 10 years ELF PETROLEUM NORGE AS has developed an Emergency Resource Management (ERM) training course.
The main aim has been to establish an emergency response training program that will train our Offshore Management as a team on the respective installation.
The three-day initial and (every second year) two-day refresher courses are run onshore. Compared with offshore, this gives greater flexibility in choice of more complex scenarios as we can simulate production problems. Additionally, this gives sufficient dedication by the offshore management for training and debriefing as they are not disturbed by the ongoing offshore-operation
The development of this course has been a success and we feel today that we have arrived at a very well structured course that is demonstrating its usefulness.
The border line between Norway and UK passes more or less through the middle of our Frigg Field. We therefore have a special situation as regards legislation. We operate in accordance with the legislation in two countries.
Conducting Field Emergency Response Drills as a Method of Evaluating an Emergency Response Plan
Authors: Ritchie C. J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Recent catastrophic events in the petroleum industry and the subsequent regulations governing personnel and facility safety have made it necessary to evaluate emergency response capabilities. A method is presented for evaluating an existing emergency response plan and facility exposure. A team approach to planning and conducting emergency response drills is recommended. A sample drill scenario and results are presented in a work sheet format. Comparisons of emergency response drill results are compared to actual emergencies.
An Emergency Escape System for an Elevated Workplace
Authors: Maddox S. D. , Smith Elbert 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Elevated workplaces such as those often required for the performance of oilfield services should provide emergency escape systems that allow quick escape if a hazardous condition develops. This paper describes a new purpose-designed system, the Emergency Escape Pod (EEP), that serves this need and solves many of the problems inherent in earlier systems. Incorporated into this new system are provisions for injured personnel, automatic activation, ease of deployment, fire protection, reliability, economical manufacturing, and general application versatility.
This paper will present the history of some of the past systems, the compromises of each, the important criteria for an escape system, and the development and testing of the new EEP system.
The specifics of the design are being presented so that these concepts and techniques can be placed into public domain for the oilfield industry's use without patent restrictions.
Risk Perception and Safety in the Offshore Oil Industry
Authors: Flin R. H. , Mearns K. J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper describes a project (sponsored by six operating companies and the Offshore Safety Division, HSE) which is designed to assess risk perception in offshore workers on the UKCS. The aim. of the study is to develop a measure for assessing workers’ perceptions of risk and to identify the factors which influence their feelings about risk on a given platform.
Following a review of the risk literature and consultation with a Norwegian psychologist who had carried out a similar project for NPD, a special questionnaire is being developed. In draft form, this was used as the basis for a series of semi-structured interviews which were carried out with 60 personnel on six UKCS platforms. Details of the instrument and preliminary findings are presented. The final questionnaire will be distributed to several hundred workers on the six platforms involved.
Practical Examples of Human Error Analysis in Operations
Authors: Pennycook W. A. , Danz-Reece M. E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A new analysis tool, designed for self-help, is being tested by Exxon operating personnel to reduce the potential for human errors in their work. The tool, its field tests, and specific examples of its use are described. The scope of the analysis tool includes the interfaces among people, facilities they operate and management processes that influence those interfaces. Factors incorporated in the tool include, among other things, equipment design and individual and group work processes.
The examples illustrate the importance of operator involvement in the identification of issues and implementation of solutions, and describe the experiences gained from the field tests. Recommended actions to reduce the error potential are also described to provide examples of the general findings in a typical operation.
The Effects of Shift Schedules on the Performance of Control Room Operators: Implications for a Fitness-for-Duty Test
Authors: Attwood D. A. , Nicolich M. J. , Muise E. C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Twelve control room operators at an oil-recovery operation performed a battery of three computer-based tasks over a period of 95 days. While on day shift the operators performed the task twice, at the beginning and end of each twelve-hour shift; while on night shift the operators performed the task three times, at the beginning, middle and end of the shift. Before performing the computer-based task, each operator completed a fatigue assessment scale. During the 95 day period each operator worked two different shift schedules, each with a 28-day major cycle time. One schedule consisted of 3-days, 3-off, 7-nights, 4-off, 4-days, 7-off. The second schedule consisted of 7-days, 7-off, 7-nights, 7-off. The dependent measures consisted of latency and percent-correct factor scores from approximately 62 measures of speed and accuracy derived from an eighty-trial test battery. Results suggest that (1) on a four day shift schedule, on the 4th day reaction time improves relative to the previous three days, and when the operators are on day shift their accuracy declines on the 3rd and 4th day, (2) reaction time performance during seven consecutive night shifts becomes poorer on nights six and seven, and (3) the placement of testing equipment in close proximity to the control room leads to distracted test takers.
Rotational Work Patterns: Implications for Work, Health, and Safety in the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Storey Keith , Shrimpton Mark 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Offshore work systems, by virtue of location and the practice of continuous operation, are characterised by shiftwork and rotational work arrangements. Shiftwork is common to many industries and has received considerable attention. Rotational work arrangements are not, and there has been relatively little study of their implications for work, health and safety. Based on a review of existing information and a survey of UK North Sea operators and contractors, this paper examines some of these implications and indicates a number of areas that deserve attention.