bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic image registration of three-dimensional images of the head of cats and dogs by use of maximization of mutual information
Authors: Böttcher Peter , Maierl Johann , Hecht Silke , Matis Ulrike , Liebich Hans-Georg 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To validate mutual information criterion as a ready-to-use technique for automated alignment (ie, registration) of 3-dimensional (3-D) multimodal image data of the head of cats and dogs.Sample Population—Corresponding 3-D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) brain scans of a 6-month-old Doberman Pinscher with a brain cyst; CT images of the head of a European shorthair cat with a meningioma before and immediately, 3, and 6 months after surgical resection; and CT and corresponding stacked anatomic cryosection images of the entire head of a 2-year-old sexually intact female Beagle.Procedure—All images were matched retrospectively by use of an in-house computer program developed on the basis of a mutual information image registration algorithm. Accuracy of the resulting registrations was evaluated by visual inspection.Results—All registrations were judged to be highly accurate. Additional manual corrections were not necessary.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Mutual information registration criterion can by applied to 3-D multimodal head images of cats and dogs for full automatic rigid-body image registration. The combination of such aligned images would considerably facilitate efforts of veterinary clinicians as indicated by its widespread use in brain surgery and radiation therapy of humans. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1680–1687)
Assessment of the effects of epinephrine and insulin on plasma and serum biochemical variables in llamas and alpacas
Authors: Cebra Christopher K. , Tornquist Susan J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe the metabolic effects of epinephrine administration in New World camelids and investigate whether these effects are influenced by administration of insulin.Animals—6 llamas and 8 alpacas (all adult castrated males).Procedure—Prior to each experiment, food was withheld from camelids for 8 hours. On each of 2 consecutive days, alpacas were administered epinephrine (10 mg/kg, IM; time 0); alpacas were randomly assigned to receive regular insulin (0.2 U/kg, IV) immediately after epinephrine administration on one of those days. In llamas, the experiment was performed once after administration of epinephrine only. At 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 minutes after treatment, blood samples were collected and several serum or plasma biochemical variables were assessed; in addition, plasma samples from llamas were assessed for insulin concentrations. Data were compared between days (alpacas only) and between time points.Results—Administration of epinephrine induced mobilization of glucose, triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, and β-hydroxybutyrate. A small increase in endogenous insulin concentration was detected in epinephrine-treated llamas, compared with baseline values. Overall, insulin administration decreased, negated, or delayed the epinephrine-associated increases in serum or plasma concentrations of circulating energy substrates, except that it augmented the epinephrine-associated increase in concentration of triglycerides.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Epinephrine appeared to mobilize energy substrates in camelids and hence may be involved in the pathogenesis of disorders of glucose and fat metabolism. Insulin appeared to antagonize most of these effects, and its administration may have therapeutic value in camelids. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1692–1696)
Effects of dietary fat and energy on body weight and composition after gonadectomy in cats
Authors: Nguyen Patrick G. , Dumon Henri J. , Siliart Brigitte S. , Martin Lucile J. , Sergheraert Renaud , Biourge Vincent C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effect of dietary fat and energy density on body weight gain, body composition, and total energy expenditure (TEE) in neutered and sexually intact cats.Animals—12 male and 12 female catsProcedure—Male cats were castrated (castrated male [CM]) or underwent no surgical procedure (sexually intact male [IM]). Female cats underwent ovariectomy (spayed female [SF]) or laparotomy and ligation of both uterine tubes without ovary removal (sexually intact female [IF]). Cats were fed either the low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet for 26 weeks, with the final allocation consisting of 8 groups: IF-LF, IF-HF, SF-LF, SF-HF, IM-LF, IM-HF, CM-LF, and CM-HF. Mean food intake for each group was recorded daily, and body weight was monitored weekly throughout the study. Body composition and TEE were measured before surgery in week 0 and at the end of the study (week 26) by isotope dilution (double-labelled water).Results—Neutered cats gained significantly more body fat and body weight (53.80 ± 5.79%) than sexually intact cats (27.11 ± 5.79%) during the study. Body weight gain of neutered cats fed the HF diet was greater than those fed the LF diet. Following correction for body composition, TEE was similar in all groups and no pattern towards increased food intake was evident.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Weight gain in neutered cats was decreased by feeding an LF, low energy-dense diet. To prevent weight gain in cats after neutering, a suitable LF diet should be fed in carefully controlled meals rather than ad libitum. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1708–1713)
Determination of electrocardiographic parameters in healthy llamas and alpacas
Authors: Kraus Marc S. , Calvert Clay A. , Spier Alan W. , Meurs Kathryn M. , Anderson David E. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine electrocardiographic parameters
in healthy llamas and alpacas.

Animals—23 llamas and 12 alpacas.

Procedure—Electrocardiography was performed in
nonsedated standing llamas and alpacas by use of multiple
simultaneous lead recording (bipolar limb, unipolar
augmented limb, and unipolar precordial leads).

Results—Common features of ECGs of llamas and
alpacas included low voltage of QRS complexes, variable
morphology of QRS complexes among camelids,
and mean depolarization vectors (mean electrical
axes) that were directed dorsocranially and to the
right. Durations of the QT interval and ST segment
were negatively correlated with heart rate.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—ECGs of
acceptable quality can be consistently recorded in
nonsedated standing llamas and alpacas. Features of
ECGs in llamas and alpacas are similar to those of other
ruminants. Changes in the morphology of the QRS
complexes and mean electrical axis are unlikely to be
sensitive indicators of ventricular enlargement in llamas
and alpacas. (Am J Vet Res 2004;65:1719–1723)
Comparative cardiovascular, analgesic, and sedative effects of medetomidine, medetomidine-hydromorphone, and medetomidine-butorphanol in dogs
Authors: Kuo Wei-Chen , Keegan Robert D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare sedative, analgesic, and cardiopulmonary effects after IV administration of medetomidine (20 µg/kg), medetomidine-hydromorphone (20 µg of medetomidine/kg and 0.1 mg of hydromorphone/kg), and medetomidine-butorphanol (20 µg of medetomidine/kg and 0.2 mg of butorphanol tartrate/kg) in dogs.Animals—6 dogs healthy mixed-breed dogs.Procedure—Instruments were surgically inserted, and heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), central venous pressure (CVP), core body temperature, and cardiac output (CO) were measured 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after injection. Cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV), stroke index (SI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were calculated. Arterial samples for blood gas analysis were collected 0, 15, and 45 minutes after injection. Intensity of analgesia, degree of sedation, and degree of muscle relaxation were evaluated at aforementioned time points and 75, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 minutes after injection.Results—Administration of medetomidine, medetomidine-hydromorphone, and medetomidine-butorphanol was associated with increases in SAP, MAP, DAP, MPAP, PCWP, CVP, SVR, PVR, core body temperature, and PaCO2and decreases in HR, CO, CI, SV, SI, RR, pH, and PaO2. Clinically important differences were not detected among treatments. Medetomidine-hydromorphone and medetomidine-butorphanol provided a longer duration of sedation and better quality of analgesia, compared with medetomidine alone.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Medetomidine-hydromorphone or medetomidine-butorphanol is associated with improved analgesia and sedation but has cardiopulmonary effects comparable to those for medetomidine alone. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:931–937)
Characterization of equine intestinal fatty acid binding protein and its use in managing horses with colic
Authors: Nieto Jorge E. , Aldridge Brian M. , Beldomenico Pablo M. , Aleman Monica , Snyder Jack R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the nucleotide sequence of the equine intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) gene, its expression in various regions of the gastrointestinal tract, and the use of measuring I-FABP in horses with colic.Animals—86 horses with colic.Procedure—The mRNA sequence for the I-FABP gene was obtained by use of a rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends technique. Comparative I-FABP gene expression was quantitated by use of a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. Amounts of I-FABP in abdominal fluid and plasma were measured by use of an ELISA kit. Association between I-FABP concentrations and clinical variables was performed by nonparametric analysis, and associations of these variables with intestinal ischemia were determined by the Spearman correlation test.Results—The nucleotide sequence had 87% identity with human I-FABP. The I-FABP gene was highly expressed in the small intestinal mucosa but had low expression in the colon. High concentrations of I-FABP in abdominal fluid correlated with an increase in protein concentrations in peritoneal fluid and nonsurvival, whereas plasma I-FABP concentrations correlated with the necessity for abdominal surgery. Clinical variables associated with intestinal ischemia included the color and protein content of abdominal fluid and serum creatine kinase activity.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance— Determination of I-FABP concentrations in abdominal fluid and plasma may be useful for predicting survival and the need for abdominal surgical intervention in horses with colic. Furthermore, serum creatine kinase activity and color and protein concentrations of abdominal fluid may be useful in the diagnosis of intestinal ischemia. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:223–232)
Evaluation of six-lead electrocardiograms obtained from dogs in a sitting position or sternal recumbency
Authors: Coleman Michael G. , Robson Mark C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare 6-lead ECG traces in clinically normal conscious dogs in a sitting position and sternal recumbency to that of right lateral recumbency.Animals—31 healthy dogs with no history of cardiac disease.Procedure—Six-lead ECGs were recorded for dogs in right lateral recumbency, a sitting position, and sternal recumbency. Q-, R-, and S-wave amplitudes as well as QRS-complex duration were measured in all leads. Additionally, P-wave amplitude and duration, PR interval, ST-segment elevation or depression, and QT interval were measured in lead II.Results—Compared with measurements in right lateral recumbency, the sitting position resulted in increased Q-wave amplitude (lead III), increased Rwave amplitude (leads I and aVL), decreased R-wave amplitude (leads III and aVF), increased S-wave amplitude (lead aVR), decreased S-wave amplitude (lead aVL), increased P-wave amplitude (lead II), and a leftward shift in the mean electrical axis. Compared with measurements in right lateral recumbency, sternal recumbency resulted in decreased Q-wave amplitude (leads I, II, and aVF), increased R-wave amplitude (leads II, III, and aVF), decreased R-wave amplitude (lead aVR), increased S-wave amplitude (lead aVR), increased P-wave amplitude (lead II), and decreased ST-segment depression (lead II). Compared with right lateral recumbency, the sitting position or sternal recumbency did not result in significant differences in PR interval, QT interval, or QRS-complex duration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Significant changes are found in ECG measurements in the sitting position and sternal recumbency, compared with right lateral recumbency. In dogs, many ECG reference range values for right lateral recumbency are not valid for ECGs obtained in the sitting position or sternal recumbency. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:233–237)
Glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations in dogs with babesiosis
Authors: Jacobson Linda S. , Lobetti Remo G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To document changes in glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations in dogs with severe or complicated babesiosis; assess relationships among glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations in those dogs; and compare clinical and laboratory variables in dogs with and without hypoglycemia and hyperlactatemia.Animals—20 dogs with naturally developing severe or complicated babesiosis.Procedure—Samples and measurements were obtained before treatment was initiated. Babesiosis was diagnosed by examination of blood smears. Arterial blood pressure measurement, parasite quantification, CBC count, serum biochemical analysis, urinalysis, venous blood gas analysis, and acid-base determination were performed. Glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations were measured in samples of venous blood.Results—We detected a significant negative correlation between glucose and lactate concentrations. Glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations all differed significantly between dogs that died and those that survived. Three of 5 dogs that died had concurrent hypoglycemia, hyperlactatemia, and hyperpyruvatemia. Hypoglycemic dogs differed significantly from normoglycemic dogs with regard to lactate, urea, and bicarbonate concentrations; lactate-to-pyruvate ratio; percentage parasitemia; and PCO2. Dogs with hyperlactatemia differed significantly from normolactatemic dogs with regard to clinical collapse; alanine transaminase activity; concentrations of bilirubin, urea, creatinine, and bicarbonate; percentage parasitemia; and PCO2.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism is commonly evident in dogs with severe or complicated babesiosis and is often associated with changes in other clinical and laboratory variables. Significant differences were found between survivors and nonsurvivors. Hypoglycemia should be assessed and aggressively treated in dogs with babesiosis. Lactate concentration can be used as an indicator of disease severity. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:244–250)
Evaluation of cardiac lesions and risk factors associated with myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)
Authors: Kreuder Christine , Miller Melissa A. , Lowenstine Linda J. , Conrad Patricia A. , Carpenter Tim E. , Jessup David A. , Mazet Jonna A.K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe cardiac lesions and identify risk factors associated with myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in beach-cast southern sea otters.Animals—Free-ranging southern sea otters.Procedure—Sea otters were necropsied at the Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center from 1998 through 2001. Microscopic and gross necropsy findings were used to classify sea otters as myocarditis or DCM case otters or control otters. Univariate, multivariate, and spatial analytical techniques were used to evaluate associations among myocarditis; DCM; common sea otter pathogens; and potential infectious, toxic, and nutritional causes.Results—Clusters of sea otters with myocarditis and DCM were identified in the southern aspect of the sea otter range from May to November 2000. Risk factors for myocarditis included age, good body condition, and exposure to domoic acid andSarcocystis neurona. Myocarditis associated with domoic acid occurred predominantly in the southern part of the range, whereas myocarditis associated withS neuronaoccurred in the northern part of the range. Age and suspected previous exposure to domoic acid were identified as major risk factors for DCM. A sample of otters with DCM had significantly lower concentrations of myocardial L-carnitine than control and myocarditis case otters.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cardiac disease is an important cause of death in southern sea otters. Domoic acid toxicosis and infection withS neuronaare likely to be 2 important causes of myocarditis in sea otters. Domoic acid–induced myocarditis appears to progress to DCM, and depletion of myocardial L-carnitine may play a key role in this pathogenesis. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:289–299)
Comparison of pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin and enrofloxacin in calves challenged with Mannheimia haemolytica
Authors: TerHune Terry N. , Skogerboe Terry L. , Shostrom Valerie K. , Weigel Daniel J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare concentrations of danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin in plasma and respiratory tissues of calves treated after challenge withMannheimia haemolytica.Animals—75 calves.Procedure—24 hours after challenge withM haemolytica, 72 calves with clinical signs of respiratory tract disease were randomly assigned to 1 of 12 equal treatment groups. Three nonchallenged, nontreated calves formed a control group. Challenged calves were treated with danofloxacin (6 and 8 mg/kg, SC) and enrofloxacin (8 mg/kg, SC) once. At 1, 2, 6, and 12 hours after treatment, 6 calves from each treatment group were euthanatized. Antimicrobial drug concentrations were assayed in various specimens. Peak plasma concentration (Cmax)-to-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; Cmax-to-MIC) ratios and the area under the concentration versus time curve over a 12-hour period-to-MIC ratios (AUC12h-to-MIC) were calculated.Results—Danofloxacin and enrofloxacin had MICs of 0.03 µg/mL for theM haemolyticachallenge isolate. Danofloxacin administered at doses of 6 and 8 mg/kg resulted in numerically higher geometric mean concentrations of danofloxacin in plasma and all respiratory tissues than geometric mean concentrations of enrofloxacin after treatment with enrofloxacin. Geometric mean concentrations of enrofloxacin were numerically higher than geometric mean concentrations of ciprofloxacin metabolite in plasma and almost all respiratory tissues. Danofloxacin and enrofloxacin achieved Cmax-to-MIC ratios > 10 and AUC12h-to-MIC ratios > 125 hours.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance— When used to treat pneumonic pasteurellosis in calves, danofloxacin and enrofloxacin can be expected to deliver concentration-dependent bactericidal activity againstM haemolytica, the bacteria most commonly associated with bovine respiratory tract disease. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:342–349)
Effect of withdrawing feed from swine on meat quality and prevalence of Salmonella colonization at slaughter
Authors: Morrow W. E. Morgan , See M. Todd , Eisemann Joan H. , Davies Peter R. , Zering Kelly 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether withholding feed from pigs prior to slaughter had any effects on meat quality, percentage of pigs withSalmonellaspp in cecal contents during slaughter, or percentage of pigs with lacerations of the gastrointestinal tract during slaughter.Design—Split-plot design.Animals—873 pigs.Procedures—At the finishing barn, pigs were assigned to 30 pens. Feed withdrawal times were assigned to pens at random, and pigs in each pen were marketed in 3 groups. The first marketing group consisted of the 10 heaviest pigs in each pen, the second consisted of the next 10 heaviest pigs, and the third consisted of all remaining pigs.Results—Withdrawing feed improved the redness score assigned to the meat but did not have any other significant effects on carcass composition or meat quality. The percentage of pigs withSalmonellaspp in the cecal contents decreased from the first (73%) to the second (64%) to the third (52%) marketing group. However, isolation ofSalmonellaspp from cecal contents was not associated with feed withdrawal time or with pen prevalence ofSalmonellashedding during the 2 months prior to slaughter. Feed withdrawal time and marketing group did not have any significant effects on overall prevalence of gastrointestinal tract lacerations.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that withdrawal of feed from pigs prior to slaughter does not increase the prevalence ofSalmonellacolonization or the risk of carcass contamination associated with gastrointestinal tract lacerations during slaughter but only slightly enhances meat quality. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:497–502)
Effects of testicular biopsy in clinically normal bulls
Authors: Heath Allen M. , Carson Robert L. , Purohit Ram C. , Sartin Eva M. , Wenzel James G.W. , Wolfe Dwight F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether testicular needle biopsy is detrimental to testicular function in clinically normal bulls.Design—Prospective study.Animals—6 mixed-breed mature bulls.Procedure—A randomly selected testicle from each bull was biopsied with a 14-gauge needle biopsy instrument. Bulls were then evaluated over a 90-day period for changes in scrotal temperature and thermal patterns, ultrasonographic appearance, and quality of spermatozoa. At the end of the 90-day study, bulls were castrated, and testicles were examined grossly and histologically.Results—Changes were detected in scrotal temperatures and thermal patterns and in the breeding soundness examination results during the first 2 weeks of the study. However, there were no long-term changes in semen quality over the course of the experiment. Hyperechoic areas were detected on ultrasonographic examination and corresponded to the areas of penetration by the biopsy instrument. Microscopic lesions that were indicative of testicular dysfunction were not found.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate that testicular biopsy is a safe procedure in bulls. Testicular biopsy could possibly be used to further examine bulls that have less than satisfactory results for breeding soundness examinations. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:507–512)