bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professional Claims, Uncertainty and the Politics of Care: Impact on Referral and Equitable Care in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Foster Michele 
Published: October 2005

AbstractRising healthcare expenditure and more explicit rationing of healthcare resources is a central feature of healthcare systems globally. In Australia, reform efforts have targeted the high cost areas such as the public hospital system. This has increased the demands on professionals to reduce length of stay and complicated post-hospital referral of people with complex and severe injury. In the area of traumatic brain injury (TBI), pressures on existing rehabilitation resources and a changing healthcare environment, with greater emphasis on efficiency and evidence-based practice, confront professionals' efforts to provide equitable care. In this paper, some of the key issues important in understanding patterns of referral in TBI are presented. It is argued that referral decisions exemplify a negotiation of professional claims and value judgements that not only conceal the uncertainty in decision-making, but also more notably, reflect the lack of attention to equity in the broader politics of care. Case studies are used to illustrate these issues and to discuss the implications for equitable care in the contemporary healthcare environment in Australia. The paper concludes by outlining the challenges and opportunities in applying evidence-based decision-making in TBI and some future directions for attaining more equitable patterns of referral.
Age Differences in Negative Priming, Episodic Memory and Frontal Lobe Tasks: A Single Inhibitory Deficit?
Authors: Gamboz Nadia , Russo Riccardo 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe present investigation aimed to assess whether a generalised inhibitory breakdown (Hasher & Zacks, 1988) can account for the well-documented age-related episodic memory deficits. It was argued that, according to whether significant correlations were found among all or between some of the measures of episodic memory and of inhibition included in the present investigation, it would be possible to assume that either a general or a specific, for instance, frontal lobe dependent inhibitory deficit (Dempster, 1992), was responsible for age-related memory deficit. At an empirical level, results from this investigation complement the large number of studies indicating an episodic memory deficit and an early deterioration of frontal lobes in the elderly. At a theoretical level, however, the failure to find age-related differences in the negative priming task challenges the hypothesis that cognitive ageing is due to a generalised inhibitory deficit. Furthermore, the failures to find significant correlations among performance on different tasks assumed to reflect the operation of inhibition processes support the hypothesis for the existence of multiple dissociable inhibitory processes (e.g., Kramer, Humphrey, Larish, Logan, and Strayer, 1994).
A Reexamination of Source Monitoring Deficits in the Elderly: Evidence for Independent Age Deficits of Item and Source Memory
Authors: Tree J.J. , Perfect T.J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWithin the experimental literature there is substantial evidence of larger age-related deficits in retrieving source information relative to item-based information. However, this evidence is potentially subject to methodological criticism given that several studies have argued for the presence of source-monitoring deficits by examining source memory contingent on correct recall of item information but not the reverse. In order to address this potential shortcoming our study examines recall of both item information contingent on correct source judgement and source-based information contingent on correct recall of item information. We demonstrate that when this novel type of analysis is conducted, there are age deficits for both source and item information, and no evidence of a selectively greater source-monitoring deficit in the elderly. The results are discussed with reference to two overarching theoretical positions concerning age-related deficits in memory performance.
The Effects of Task Complexity and Practice on Dual-Task Interference in Visuospatial Working Memory
Authors: Murray Stephen J. , McFarland Ken , Geffen Gina 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAlthough the n-back task has been widely applied to neuroimagery investigations of working memory (WM), the role of practice effects on behavioural performance of this task has not yet been investigated. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of task complexity and familiarity on the n-back task. Seventy-seven participants (39 male, 38 female) completed a visuospatial n-back task four times, twice in two testing sessions separated by a week. Participants were required to remember either the first, second or third (n-back) most recent letter positions in a continuous sequence and to indicate whether the current item matched or did not match the remembered position. A control task, with no working memory requirements required participants to match to a predetermined stimulus position. In both testing sessions, reaction time (RT) and error rate increased with increasing WM load. An exponential slope for RTs in the first session indicated dual-task interference at the 3-back level. However, a linear slope in the second session indicated a reduction of dual-task interference. Attenuation of interference in the second session suggested a reduction in executive demands of the task with practice. This suggested that practice effects occur within the n-back task and need to be controlled for in future neuroimagery research using the task.
Effects of Methylphenidate on Attention Skills in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Lajoie Genevieve , Anderson Vicki , Anderson Peter , Tucker Alan R. , Robertson Ian H. , Manly Tom 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of methylphenidate on children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The study employed a conceptual framework of attention, consistent with contemporary theory, and including the following components: sustained attention, selective attention, divided attention, shifting attention, and speed of information processing. Fifteen children (12 boys and 3 girls) of normal intelligence, with a diagnosis of ADHD according to the DSM-IV criteria, and ranging in age from 8 to 11 years participated in the study. Children's attentional abilities were evaluated using the Test of Everyday Attention for Children (TEA-Ch: Manly, Roberston, Anderson, & Nimmo-Smith, 1999). A double-blind counterbalanced repeated-measures design approach was employed to tap on–off medication effects, and deviations from normal. Results showed that comparisons between on–off medication conditions generally detected few differences with respect to sustained and selective attention measures and simple processing speed. In contrast, for higher-level attention domains, including shifting and divided attention, children on medication demonstrated a speed–accuracy trade-off, exhibiting greater accuracy, but slower completion times. When data from the ADHD group were compared to controls a consistent pattern emerged, with children with ADHD in the medication condition being more accurate across all attention domains on all measures. While these children also tended to record slower completion times, group differences and effect sizes were of smaller magnitude. The findings of this study suggest a possible speed–accuracy trade-off effect for children with ADHD on medication.
Children, Brain Injury and the Resiliency Model of Family Adaptation
Authors: Spina Sylvana , Ziviani Jenny , Nixon James 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation is a theoretical framework used in this article to understand how families adapt when their child has had a traumatic injury. This article describes the Resiliency Model in relation to the findings of studies on families where a child has sustained a brain injury. Identifying the factors impacting on the family and the adaptation process they experience provides valuable insight and information for the provision of family-centred services.
Are You Crying or Laughing? Emotion Recognition Deficits After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: McDonald Skye 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTo date there has been little research concerning the neuropsychological mechanisms of emotion perception deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI), although such deficits are well documented. This paper considers two major issues. First, are emotion-processing deficits found regardless of the media of presentation? In a recent study examining this issue, adults with severe TBI were found to have particular problems identifying emotions from conversational tone, as well as difficulties when presented with still photographs and audiovisual dynamic displays (videoed vignettes). They were relatively normal when asked to classify emotions on the basis of moving visual displays without sound. This may reflect the fact that the parietal cortices, important for processing movement, are relatively unscathed in TBI. The second issue concerns whether emotion recognition is facilitated by empathic emotional responses and whether these are diminished in people with TBI. Evidence is presented for a relation between subjective reports of diminished emotional experience and emotion recognition accuracy. Finally, preliminary data suggests that people with TBI may fail to have empathic reactions when asked to passively view emotional expressions.
An alternative expression for counting the number of close-packed polytypes
Authors: Estevez-Rams Ernesto , Azanza Ricardo Cristy , Aragón Fernández Beatriz 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Alternative formulas are given to compute the number of crystallographically nonequivalent monoatomic close packed polytypes of length N: Γ(N). A formula giving the number of sequence, Ω(N), of length N which complies with the neutrality condition (#1 – #0 = 0 mod 3) is deduced. The asymptotic behavior of both Γ(N) and Ω(N) are given.
Calculation of the BO3 triangle to BO4 (PO4) tetrahedron ratio for borates and borophosphates based on the O bond numbers in the anion complexes
Authors: Parthé Erwin 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
An equation is derived to calculate the BO3 triangle to BO4 (PO4) tetrahedron ratios in the anion complexes of borates and borophosphates from the fractions of O atoms with 1, 2, 3 and 4 single bonds to central atoms, respectively. The validity of this formula is verified on a great number of examples including hydrous and anhydrous phases and also high-pressure modifications. The equation can serve to check the agreement between structural features and reported composition of borate or borophosphate. The fractions of the different O atoms needed for the calculation are accessible from lists of interatomic distances. But for 250 borates with only half-shared O atoms and/or OH groups — a quarter of the known borates — the fractions of O atoms with one and two bonds to central atoms can be read from the chemical formula and the triangle-to-tetrahedron ratio thus be calculated directly in simple fashion.
Polymorphs of 2,3-diphenyl maleic acid anhydride and 2,3-diphenyl maleic imide: Synthesis, crystal structures, lattice energies and fluorescence
Authors: Meents Alke , Kutzke Hartmut , Jones Matthew J. , Wickleder Claudia , Klapper Helmut 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
2,3-Diphenyl maleic acid anhydride (DPMA), (C6H5)2C4O3, is a “historical” compound for which polymorphism, crystal morphology and fluorescence were first reported by Drugman in 1912. For 2,3-diphenyl maleic imide (DPMI), (C6H5)2C4O2NH, crystallographic data have not been reported previously. In this work the polymorphs of DPMA have been crystallised from various solvents, from the supercooled melt and from the vapour phase. Small single crystals of the stable, orthorhombic α-phase (m.p. = 156 °C, ρ = 1.334 g/cm3) and of the metastable, monoclinic β-phase (m.p. = 146 °C, ρ = 1.350 g/cm3) were obtained, as described by Drugman. In addition, a fine powder of a previously unknown second metastable phase γ(m.p. = 149 °C) was crystallised. For DPMI, a stable, triclinic α-phase (m.p. = 216 °C, ρ = 1.307 g/cm3) and a metastable, monoclinic β-phase (m.p. = 212 °C, ρ = 1.296 g/cm3) were observed. The structures of the α- and β-polymorphs of DPMA and DPMI were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Space groups are Pbca for α-DPMA, P21/c for β-DPMA, P-1 for α-DPMI and C2/c for β-DPMI. In both DPMA polymorphs van der Waals interactions dominate. In both phases of DPMI, pairs of molecules form centrosymmetric dimers via H—N…O hydrogen bonds. Between the dimers significant van der Waals interactions exist. Lattice energy calculations based upon the Dreiding force-field using individual molecules as the building blocks for the crystal lattice yield reasonable energy values for DPMI. For DPMA, however, the calculated lattice energy is significantly higher for the stable phase than for the metastable phase. This observation correlates with the observed violation of the density rule for polymorphs, with ρ
α < ρ
β, and is discussed here in terms of the different conformational energies of the molecules. The results of fluorescence and Raman spectroscopic measurements on the α- and β-polymorphs of both DPMA and DPMI are reported.
Synthesis, crystal structure and electrochemical behaviour of water soluble Schiff bases
Authors: Tatar Leyla , Nazır Hasan , Gümüşer Mine , Kale Cansen , Atakol Orhan 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Four water soluble Schiff bases were prepared from the reaction of salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphtaldehyde with 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-dihydroxy propane and 2-amino-2-methoxy-1,3-dihydroxy propane. Two of the Schiff bases were characterized using elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition cyclic voltammetric studies were performed. The Schiff bases C11H5NO4 (II) and C15H17NO3 (III) crystalize in monoclinic space group P21/c with unit cell dimensions a = 10.499(2), b = 8.725(2), c = 12.635(10) Å, β = 101.649(11); a = 14.579(8), b = 9.834(13), c = 9.542(5) Å, β = 107.559(5) respectively.
Structure determination without Fourier inversion. Part I. Unique results for centrosymmetric examples
Authors: Fischer Karl F. , Kirfel Armin , Zimmermann Helmuth 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA concept is presented for determining a one-dimensional structure ofmindependent point scatterers by mapping into anm-dimensional spacePmat leastmobservations as (m– 1)-dimensional so-called “isosurfaces” defined bys(h) ·g(h) org(h) alone, wheres(h) andg(h) are sign and modulus, respectively, of the geometrical structure factor. Values ofg(h) are derived from the observed |F(h)|. The “solution vector(s)”, (x1, …,xm), representing the coordinatesxjof the point scatterers is (are) found from the “common” intersection(s) ofn≥mdifferent isosurfaces. Homometric and quasi-homometric structures can thus safely be detected from multiple solutions, the latter mainly arising from the experimental uncertainties of theg(h). Spatial resolution is by far higher than that offered by a corresponding Fourier transform. Computer time can be drastically reduced upon consideration of both the symmetry ofPmand the anti-symmetry and self-similarity properties of the isosurfaces, which allow for tayloring of the intersection search routines and/or applying linear approximations. The basic principles of the method are illustrated by various two- and three-atom structure examples and discussed in view of the application potential to real structure problems.
On sphere packings of arbitrarily low density
Authors: Fischer Werner 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe search for a least dense packing of spheres (circles) makes sense only under suitable restrictions because otherwise sphere packings of arbitrarily low density may be constructed. An effective restriction is that all spheres have to be symmetrically equivalent. It has been tried to weaken this condition such that the spheres (circles) have only to be equal in size as well as in their number of contacts. It turned out, however, that even then series of packings may be derived within which the density approaches zero. Examples for such series are presented.
Surface relaxations at mineral surfaces
Authors: Lee William T. , Salje Ekhard K. H. , Bismayer Ulrich 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
A surface relaxation is a topology preserving distortion of a crystal surface. Investigations of simple models with harmonic interactions between planes of atoms, and simulations of the surface structure of crystals show that the distortion of the crystal structure at the surface is not restricted to the layers immediately adjacent to the surface, but instead the magnitude of the distortion decays exponentially with distance from the surface. Thus relaxations can mediate short range interactions between surfaces, destabilising symmetrical growth morphologies in favour of platelet morphologies. The relaxations that occur when a twin wall intersects a surface are also of interest since twin walls are sites of fast diffusion, high reactivity and novel properties. The surface structure of twin walls are affected by surface relaxations of the order parameter and by the coupling of secondary strains to the order parameter.
Methods for pseudosymmetry evaluation: a comparison between the atomic displacements and electron density approaches
Authors: Capillas Cesar , Aroyo Mois I. , Perez-Mato Juan Manuel 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Structural pseudosymmetry is a fundamental property to be considered when trying to predict structural phase transitions at high temperatures. In the present work, two methods for detecting and characterizing pseudosymmetry, the here-called atomic displacements and electron density methods are briefly introduced, analyzed and compared. Conceptually both approaches are similar: the pseudosymmetry check is carried out with respect to a supergroup of the crystal space group. However, due to the different way of estimating the deviations between the initial and the possible high-symmetry structure, the two approaches study distinct and, to a certain extent, complementary aspects of the pseudosymmetry problem. This conclusion is also confirmed by the lack of functional relationship between the corresponding quantitative parameters used to estimate the structural pseudosymmetry. Several examples illustrate the main features of the two methods. The temperature dependences of the two parameters and their empirical relations with the transition temperature in ferroelectric transitions are discussed.
Algorithmic procedures based on the two approaches have been implemented in two computer programs. They form part of the Bilbao Crystallographic Server as free web tools.
Phase transitions in BaTiO3: a high-pressure neutron diffraction study
Authors: Hayward Stuart A. , Redfern Simon A. T. , Stone Howard J. , Tucker Matthew G. , Whittle Karl R. , Marshall William G. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The sequence of ferroelectric phase transitions (Pm3̅m—P4mm—Amm2) in BaTiO3 has been studied as a function of temperature (298 K–130 K) at a fixed pressure (3.2 GPa). The same sequence of transitions is observed as for ambient pressures, but the transition temperatures are reduced. The spontaneous strains of the non-cubic phases are determined. Whilst the structure of the tetragonal phase at high pressure is qualitatively similar to the ambient structure, both the spontaneous strain and the Ti displacement are smaller in the high pressure structure than the ambient structure.
A Molecular-Thermodynamic Lattice Model for Binary Mixtures
Authors: Qin Yuan , Prausnitz John M. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Using a method originally proposed for describing a continuum-space polymer fluid, a new expression for the Helmholtz energy of mixing is proposed for a binary lattice mixture. Molecular size asymmetry and nonrandomness due to segment–segment interactions are taken into account. An expression proposed by Yan, Liu and Hu for a binary lattice mixture of monomers, based on the Ising model, is used as a reference system. Calculated critical constants and liquid–liquid coexistence curves are in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations for lattice mixtures with modest size asymmetry. Because lattice spacing rises with increasing temperature, comparison of calculated binary liquid–liquid equilibria with experiment requires that calculations take into account that the interchange energy falls as temperature rises. While the new expression for the Helmholtz energy of mixing provides much improvement over the Flory–Huggins equation, calculated liquid–liquid equilibria for three binary systems are similar to those from Guggenheim's quasi-chemical theory.
Pressure Effects on the Structure and Phase Behavior of Phospholipid–Polypeptide Bilayers – A Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and 2H-NMR Spectroscopy Study on DPPC–Gramicidin Lipid Bilayers
Authors: Eisenblätter J. , Winter Roland 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The influence of gramicidin D (GD) incorporation on the structure and phase behavior of aqueous dispersions of fully hydrated phospholipid bilayers of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholin (DPPC) has been studied using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and 2H-NMR spectroscopy. The experiments covered a temperature range of 0–80 °C and a pressure range of 0.001–4 kbar. Pressure has been applied so as to be able to tune the lipid bilayer thickness at constant thermal energy and to select different gel phases, but also because high pressure is an important feature of certain natural membrane environments. SAXS was used to detect lipid bilayer topological changes upon incorporation of GD into the lipid bilayer. The data show that, depending on the GD concentration, the structure of the temperature- and pressure-dependent lipid phases is significantly altered by the insertion of the polypeptide, but also the lipid matrix has the ability to modulate the conformation of the inserted polypeptide. 2H-NMR spectroscopy yields further information on the conformation and dynamics of the lipid acyl-chains as a function of temperature, pressure and peptide concentration by measuring the molecular chain order parameters and spectral moments.
Adsorption of Methane and Ethane on RuO2(110) Surfaces
Authors: Erlekam U. , Paulus U. A. , Wang Y. , Bonzel H. P. , Jacobi K. , Ertl G. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The adsorption of methane and ethane on the stoichiometric and O-rich RuO2(110) surfaces, respectively, was studied by thermal desorption and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. The results support weak adsorption (physisorption) of these molecules on the surface, regardless of the presence of undercoordinated Ru and oxygen surface sites. The vibrational spectra recorded at about 90 K are compared with spectra calculated for gaseous CH4 and C2H6. The nearly complete agreement of frequencies and relative intensities is consistent with physisorption. No evidence of adsorption induced molecule activation is found.
Direct Synthesis of Supported Noble Metal Catalysts via the Activated Carbon Route
Authors: Schwickardi Manfred , Spliethoff Bernd , Schmidt Wolfgang , Schüth Ferdi 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Simultaneous impregnation of activated carbon with a base metal oxide precursor and a noble metal precursor with subsequent combustion of the activated carbon leads in one step to supported metal particles on very high surface area support oxides having specific surface areas of several hundred square metres per gram. For some of the noble metals (Rh, Pt) it is possible to synthesize supported particles in the size range of one to a few nanometers via this route.