bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐tumor activity of recombinant mouse tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on colon cancer in rats is promoted by recombinant rat interferon gamma; toxicity is reduced by indomethacin
Authors: Marquet R. L. , Ijzermans J. N. M. , De Bruin R. W. F. , Fiers W. , Jeekel J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe activity and toxlcity of rMuTNF, alone or combined with rat recombinant interferon gamma (rRIFNγ), was tested in inbred WAG rats bearing a weakly immunogenic colon adeno carcinoma (CC531). The tumor was implanted s.c. or under the renal capsule. A single i.v. injection of 10μg of rMuTNF in non‐tumor bearers was lethal in 3 to 5 hr, whereas 2μg was nat. Doses of 1μg rMuTNF were well tolerated when given daily for one week. The most prominent toxic feature was hemorrhagic colitis which could be alleviated when rMuTNF was preceded by i.p. administration of 10mg/kg indomethacin. Three intralesional injections of 10μg rMuTNF on days 0, 10 and 15 into s.c. tumors (diameter 1–1.5cm) led to a moderate retardation of growth in 20% of the cases. Combined with 105 units of rRIFNμ, which on its own had no effect, the overall response rate (arrest of tumor growth or regression) was 50%. Two out of 20 tumors treated intralesionally with rMuTNF and rRlFNγ regressed. The subrenal capsule assay was used to study the possible interference of indomethacin with the anti‐tumor activity of rMuTNF. Tumor cubes of 6–8mg were implanted under the renal capsule; the test was evaluated by weighing. Treatment with 10mg indomethacin alone on days 0, 2 and 4 had no effect (40 ± 8 mg vs. 48 ± 13 mg in controls) whereas 2μg of rMuTNF on the same days resulted in significant tumor inhibition (24 ± 7 mg, p < 0.001). The combined administration of 2μg of rMuTNF and indomethacin had an effect similar to that of rMuTNF alone (25 ± 9 mg). Under protection of indomethacin the rMuTNF dose was increased from 2μg to 10μg. However, this did not lead to further improvement of the results.
Tumor‐promoting activity of extracts of human semen in cancar mice
Authors: Tokuda Harukuni , Ito Yohei , Kanaoka Toshio , Yoshida Osamu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractApplication of ether extracts of pooled human semen that induce Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) activation promoted skin tumor production in female SENCAR mice previously treated with 100μg of 7, 12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene(DMBA). Twice‐weekly applications of 60 μg ether extract samples produced p apillomas in SENCAR mice. Several samples of human semen vrere tested to determine the relationship between tumor‐promoting activity and EBV activation in human semen. Pooled human semen that induced more than 10% EBV activation effectively promoted tumor production, but samples that induced less than 0.1% EBV activation were ineffective.
Experimental combination chemotherapy of ACNU and 5‐FU against cultured glioma model (spheroid) and subcutaneous rat glioma
Authors: Kitahara Masakazu , Katakura Ryuichi , Suzuki Jiro , Sasaki Takehito 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of combination chemotherapy of ACNU and 5‐FU on cells grown exponentially as monolayers, cells in multi‐cell spheroids and in s.c. transplanted tumors of rat glioma clone‐6 cells were analyzed by the colony‐forming assay. The cytotoxic effect of ACNU on cells in spheroids was enhanced by continuous 5‐FU pretreatment for several hours, but further enhancement was obtained only if the 5‐FU pretreatment lasted for more than 12 hr. The combined effect was decreased by a drug‐free interval due to recovery from potentially lethal 5‐FU damage, but ACNU treatment immediately after 5‐FU treatment suppressed PUD recovery. Analysis with sequential trypsinization of spheroids indicated that ACNU showed more marked cytotoxicity on cells in the deeper layers in spheroids than on those in the outer layers, whereas the effect of 5‐FU decreased towards the deeper cell layers. Enhancement of treatment with ACNU combined with 5‐FU was evident for cells in the outer layers, but was more remarkable in the deeper layers. The combined effect of ACNU and 5‐FU on s.c. tumors was similar to that in spheroids. The effect of combined treatment of ACNU with 5‐FU on increase in body weight was within the additive range of both drugs acting independently, but was more than additive for the growth delay of s.c. tumors.
Structural abnormality and over‐expression of the myc gene in feline leukemias
Authors: Miura Tomoluki , Tsujimoto Hajime , Fukasawa Masashi , Kodama Toshiaki , Shibuya Masabumi , Hasegawa Atsuhiko , Hayami Masanori 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumor cells of feline leukemia were examined for structural abnormality and expression of the myc gene. Four of 12 spontaneous leukemia cases showed structural abnormalities of the myc gene detected by Southern blotting analysis. Of these 4 cases, one (Case I) showed a DNA rearrangement in the 5′ portion of the c‐myc locus associated with integration of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) genome. Another case had a newly inserted myc gene which was transduced by FeLV. In the 2 other cases, no relation of abnormalities of the myc gene to FeLV was detected. One case of experimental leukemia induced by inoculation of a cell line, FT‐1, established from Case I shoved a c‐myc gene rearrangement similar to that observed in Case I. Expression of myc RNA was examined in 3 leukemia T‐cell lines, FT‐1, FL74 and F422, by Northern blotting analysis. A high level of myc transcript was detected in all 3 cell lines. The size of myc RNAs in FT‐1 and FL74 was the same as that of normal myc RNA, white in F422 which had myc‐containing FeLV (myc‐FeLV), the full genome and spliced form of myc‐FeLV viral RNA were detected.
Non‐toxic potentiation of cancer chemotherapy by combined C and K3 vitamin pre‐treatment
Authors: Taper Henryk S. , De Gerlache Jacques , Lans Marc , Roberfroid Marcel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe influence on the survival of ascitic liver tumor (TLT)‐bearing mice of combined vitamins C and K3 administered before or after a single i.p. dose of 6 different cytotoxic drugs, all commonly used in human cancer therapy, was investigated. Combined i.p. administration of these vitamins produced a distinct chemotherapy‐potentiating effect for all drugs examined, especially when injected before chemotherapy. This potentiating treatment did not increase the general and organ toxicity that accompanies cancer chemotherapy. The possible generation of peroxides followed by membrane lipid alteration, DaNase activation and DNA destruction by combined vitamin C and K3 in catalase‐deficient cancer cells might be involved in the mechanisms of this selective potentiation.
Influence of pregnancy and lactation on serum and breast fluid estrogen levels: Implications for breast cancer risk
Authors: Petrakis Nicholas L. , Wrensch Margaret R. , Ernster Virginia L. , Midce Rei , Murai James , Simberg Nicklas , Sirreri Pentti K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe investigated estrogen (estrone and estradiof) levels in serum and in nipple aspirates of breast fluid in relation to reproductive and menopausal characteristics in 104 normal women. In general, breast fluid and serum estrogen levels were not correlated and breast fluid estrogen levels were approximately 5 to 45 times higher than serum levels. Serum estrogen levels were lower in post‐menopausal than in premenopausal women. In contrast, breast fluid estrogen levels were approximately the same in pre‐ and post‐menopausal women. Breast fluid estrogen mean levels were lower in premenopausal parous women than in nulligravidous or nulliparous women whereas serum estrogen levels did not differ in these 3 groups. Breast fluid estrogen levels were positively correlated with months since last birth or since last breastfeeding. Estrogen levels were low in nipple aspirates of breast milk but gradually increased in breast fluid of non‐lactating women over a period of several years after cessation of lactation. Serum estrogen levels did not increase with months since last breast‐feeding. We were unable to evaluate the postpartum effect of pregnancy without lactation due to the small numbers of these subjects. The high concentrations of estrogen in breast fluid and the absence of a relationship to serum estrogen levels may explain why prior serum studies have I failed to link variations in serum estrogens with breast cancer risk. The prolonged low levels of breast fluid estrogens following full‐term birth and lactation may, in part, provide a mechanism by which parity reduces breast cancer risk.
Immunochemical characterization and radioimmunometric petection of molecules shed by human ovarian cancer
Authors: Leoni F. , Bast R. C. , Canevari S. , Menard S. , Soper J. T. , Colnaghi M. I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (MAbs) OC125, MOv2 and MOv8 recognize the CA125, CAMOv2 and CAMOv8 epitopes, respectively, which are associated with human ovarian carcinomas and are shed by these tumors. The biochemical analysis of the recognized antigens and epitopes has been performed to investigate the possibility of exploiting their expression, if any, on the same molecules. Cross‐competition experiments clearly indicated that the 3 epitopes are distinct. Biochemical analysis was performed on a cyst fluid from an ovarian cystadenoma. Heat treatment and periodate oxidation indicated that CAMOv2 and CAMOv8 are saccharidic and suggested that CA125 is a conformational epitope to which both saccharides and the protein backbone could contribute. By gel‐filtration chromatography CA125 activity was eluted into 2 peaks of high molecular weight, whereas CAMOv2 and CAMOv8 activities were associated with a single broad peak which included CA125‐positive fractions. Isopycnic centrifugation showed that CA125, CAMOv2 and CAMOv8 carrying molecules had the same high density (1.46 g/ml) in the first peak, whereas CA125 molecules had a lower density (1.41 g/ml) in the second peak. Double‐determinant immunoradiometric assays, carried out using different combinations of the MAbs, indicated that in the cyst fluid molecules expressing both CAMOv2 and CAMOv8 could be detected, whereas CA125 was carried by different molecules. CAMOv2 and CA125 could however be expressed on the same molecule in 2 out of 9 ascitic fluids from ovarian carcinoma patients. Taken together, these data indicate that CA125 and CAMOv2‐CAMOv8 were only occasionally expressed on the same molecules. Therefore, the use of the CA125‐CAMOv2 combination could not increase the sensitivity achievable by using each respective simultaneous immunoradiometric assay.
A classification scheme for childhood cancer
Authors: Birch Jillian M. , Marsden Henry B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) is sponsoring a worldwide study of childhood cancer incidence. Cancers in children are highly specific and differ in many ways from cancers found in adults. Data for the international study will be presented according to the classification scheme described below which has been devised specifically for use with paediatric cancers. The features of this scheme are: (I) it is based on the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD‐O); (2) diagnostic groups are defined mainly in terms of morphology; (3) the common types of childhood cancer are individually specified; (4) certain other rare conditions of interest are distinguished; (5) it provides for flexibility of data presentation with respect to amount of detail; (6) all possible combinations of ICD‐O morphology and topography codes are included; and (7) the maximum number of codes has been allocated to specific categories. There is a great need for standardization in the classification of childhood cancers and we propose that the scheme be used for presentation of incidence data for results of aetiologicaf and other related studies of cancer in children.
Cellular immunity changes caused by LDH virus: Analogy with observations on neuroblastoma‐bearing mice
Authors: Leclercq Georges , Willems Jean , Heremans Hubertine , Coutelier Jean‐Paul , Billiau Alfons , Joniau Marcel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEvidence is presented that LDH virus infection of mice results in drastic changes in several immune activities. Serum IFN titer and splenic NK activity are increased during the acute phase of infection. NK stimulation is mediated by IFN‐α,β since injection of an antibody against murine IFN‐α,β is able to abolish the effect. IL‐2 production is inhibited throughout the study period following injection of LDH virus (14 days), although a partial recovery is observed during the second week. Similarly, IL‐2 receptor expression and MLC responsiveness are suppressed. This suppression lasts for 2 and 7 days respectively after injection. Addition of recombinant IL‐2, but not of indomethacin, to the MLC cultures restores the proliferation rate. Not only proliferation but also cytotoxic cell generation in MLC is diminished during the first week after LDH virus injection. Again, this response is normalized at day 14. Additional observations indicate that LDH virus is present in murine neuroblastoma. This explains some of the previously described effects of this tumor on the cellular immune system of the host.
Effects of a single injection of anti‐asialo GM1 serum on natural cytotoxicity and the growth of a regressive colonic tumor in syngeneic rats
Authors: Shimizu T. , Pelletier H. , Hammann A. , Olsson N. O. , Martin M. S. , Martin F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe REGb tumor cell line is a cloned variant of the DHD‐K12 cell line, established from a colon carcinoma chemically induced in the rat. Unlike the parent DHD‐K12 cell line, or other clones, which give progressive tumors when inoculated to the syngeneic rat, REGb cells produce tumors which regress in 3 to 5 weeks and never cause metastasis. In order to explore the role of natural killer (NK) cells in REGb tumor regression, each rat was given one injection of anti‐asialo GMI (anti as GMI) serum, a known inhibitor of NK activity. This injection was done 24 hr before REGb cell challenge. This injection significantly depressed the in vitro cytotoxicity of peripheral blood lymphocytes on REGb cells for 2 weeks. REGb tumors grew larger and regressed later in the treated animals than those in the controls. Furthermore, a progressive or recurrent tumor was observed in 4 out of 10 treated rats, giving lung and/or lymph‐node metastases in 2 cases. Immunohistological study of the cells infiltrating the REGb tumors in control and treated animals showed a decrease number of as GMI + and OX8+ lymphocytes, presumably NK cells, after anti‐as GMI treatment. An increase in number of macrophages was demonstrated in the progressive tumors of treated animals. These results suggest that NK cells play an important role in the initial stage of the regression TSb tumors in untreated syngeneic rats.
Differential expression of collateral sensitivity or resistance to cisplatin in human bladder carcinoma cell lines pre‐exposed in vitro to either X‐irradiation or cisplatin
Authors: Bedford Philip , Shellard Sharon A. , Walker M. Claire , Whelan Richard D. H. , Masters John R. W. , Hill Bridget T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo sublines were derived from a human bladder carcinoma continuous cell line (RTI12‐P), one by exposure to fractionated X‐irradiation (RTI12‐DXR8) and the other by continuous exposure to cisplatin (RTI12‐CP). RTI12‐DXR8 cells were 1.6‐ to 2‐fold more sensitive to cisplatin and 2 analogues, carboplatin and iproplatin, compared with the parental line, whereas RTI12‐CP cells were 1.6‐ to 2.8‐fold more resistant to these agents. Uptake of 195mcisplatin was elevated 1.4‐fold in RTI12‐DXR8 cells compared with RTI12‐P cells whereas uptake into RTI12‐CP cells was similar to that of the parental line. Binding of 195mcisplatin to DNA was similar in all 3 lines. Levels of reduced glutathione were significantly elevated in RTI 12‐CP cells and significantly reduced in RTI12‐DXR8 cells compared with the parental cells. In addition, activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase were higher in RTI12‐CP cells than in the parental cells whereas the activity of glutathione‐S‐transferase was similar in all 3 cell lines. A 2.5‐fold greater induction of DNA‐DNA interstrand cross‐links occurred in RTI12‐DXR8 cells compared with the parental line, whereas crosslinking in RTI12‐CP cells, whilst initially similar to that seen in RTI12‐P cells, was significantly elevated at later times. These findings suggest that mechanisms associated with the expression of resistance and collateral sensitivity to cisplatin may differ.
DNA cytometry and cytology by quantitative fluorescence image analysis in symptomatic bladder cancer patients
Authors: Bass Rebecca A. , Hemstreet George P. , Honker Nancy A. , Hurst Robert E. , Doggett Reuben S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA semi‐automated quantitative fluorescence image analysis (QFIA) technique was developed with the Leitz TAS‐Plus to detect bladder cancer using hyperploidy in urinary cells. Absolute nuclear fluorescence intensity (ANFI) (emission at 540 nm with excitation at 436 nm) of individual acridine‐orange‐stained cells was quantitated using (1) QFIA and (2) simple filter microspectrofluorophotometry (SFM). Both methods employed an internal phosphor particle standard which, when once calibrated against the DNA content of normal cells, obviates the necessity of routinely calibrating against normal cells in each sample. Results of SFM and QFIA were compared with routine Papanicolaou (Pap) cytopathology, using histopathology as the diagnostic standard in 272 samples from 67 symptomatic patients. The sensitivities for detecting low‐grade transitional‐cell carcinoma were 86% for SFM, 76% for QFIA, and 33% for Pap cytology. QFIA and SFM were significantly more sensitive at detecting bladder cancer than was Pap (0.0 > p > 0.001). Comparison of sensitivity obtained with blalder washings and urine samples showed that non‐invasively obtained urines can be used. ANFI also detected recurrent and precancerous bladder lesions and kidney, ureter, and prostate lesions. This approach may prove generally useful in quantifying biochemical and immunological probes and should be broadly applicable as a research tool for studying the relationship of biochemical markers in the pathogenesis of disease and as a test for cancer control.
Urine estrogens and breast cancer risk factors among post‐menopausal women
Authors: Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Brown James , Macmahon Brian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCreatinine‐adjusted levels of estrone, estradiol and estriol were determined in overnight urine specimens from 220 post‐menopausal women, aged 54 to 66 years, from Boston (121 women) and Athens (99 women). The associations of individual and total estrogens with various characteristics of the women (age at menopause, years since menopause, parity, age at menarche, schooling, height, weight, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking) were studied by multiple regression procedures, to explore possible relationships and evaluate their compatibility with the descriptive epidemiology of female breast cancer. Weight was consistently and significantly related to higher levels of total estrogens and of each individually; the pattern of these associations was similar in American and Greek women, suggesting that the known qualitative differences in nutrition between the two groups of women are not important modifiers of the associations between weight and estrogens. Estrogen levels in these post‐menopausal women were about 40% of the corresponding follicular levels among teen‐age women. They did not decrease with age. There were suggestive but non‐significant negative associations between estrogen levels on the one hand, and parity and age at menarche on the other. There was no consistent association of estrogen levels with alcohol consumption. The data provide only modest support for the hypothesis that estrogens are important in breast cancer etiology.
Tobacco smoking, occupational exposure and bladder cancer in Argentina
Authors: Iscovich J. , Castelletto R. , Estè J. , Muñoz N. , Colanzi R. , Coronel A. , Deamezola I. , Tassi V. , Arslan A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe highest rate for bladder cancer in Latin America has been reported from La Plata, Argentina. A case‐control study was carried out to investigate the reasons for this high rate. A total of 117 cases, 117 hospital controls and 117 neighbourhood sex‐ and age‐matched controls were interviewed regarding their smoking and drinking habits and occupational exposures. Cigarette smoking and coffee drinking were identified as the major risk factors, and a significant association was also found for truck and railway drivers and for oil refinery workers. The relative risks for male smokers who ever smoked cigarettes vs. non‐smokers was 4.3 (95% Cl: 1.9–10.3). The risk associated with black tobacco cigarettes was 2–3 times higher than that of blond cigarettes. For male ex‐smokers the risk after 5 years of no smoking is less than one third of that of current smokers. The RR for drinking coffee was 2.4 (95% Cl: 1.4–4.4) after adjusting for the effects of tobacco smoking, and the risk increased with the number of cups per day. No association was found with the use of saccharine.
Reproductive history and breast cancer in a population of high fertility, Costa Rica, 1984–85
Authors: Rosero‐Bixby Luis , Oberle Mark W. , Lee Nancy C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship between breast cancer and women's reproductive history in Costa Rica was analyzed using logistic regression methods on data from 171 breast cancer cases and 826 population‐based controls aged 25–58 years. The risk of breast cancer in nulliparous women under age 45 was 3 times that for parous women in the same age group. Women over 44 years of age with a parity greater than 4 had a risk of breast cancer of 0.3 compared to women of the same age but with a parity of 1–4. Neither breast‐feeding nor birth interval showed an overall association with breast cancer independent of parity. Women with early age at first birth had a lower relative risk of breast cancer than women aged 20–24 at first birth, but only in two subgroups—women aged 45 and over and women with parity 1–4. Women without a completed pregnancy in the last 20 years had an elevated relative risk. However, results are not conclusive because some information is probably distorted by recall errors. Declines in fertility rates in the 1960s and 1970s may result in an increase of 30% in breast cancer incidence in Costa Rica between 1980 and the year 2000, according to the relative risks found in this study. In contrast, the effect of childlessness will probably not produce significant changes in national breast cancer trends.
Mother‐to‐child transmission of human T‐cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV‐1): A fifteen‐year follow‐up study in Okinawa, Japan
Authors: Kusuhara Koichi , Sonoda Shunro , Takahashi Kazuo , Tokugawa Ken , Fukushige Junichiro , Ueda Kohji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOkinawa prefecture is one of the endemic areas for adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in Japan. In this study, 2,013 serum specimens drawn serially over a period of 15 years (1968–1983) from 311 mother/child pairs in Okinawa were tested for antibodies to human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and by indirect Immunofluorescence. The prevalence rate of HTLV‐1 antibodies was 20.9% (65 cases) in the mothers and 3.2% (10 cases) in the children. Of the 65 seropositive mothers, 10 (15.4%) had seropositive children. This study revealed a significant difference between the prevalence rates of HTLV‐1 antibodies in mothers and children. In addition, children born to seropositive mothers had acquired their HTLV‐1 antibodies by the age of 3 years, and were still seropositive at the age of 18 years. No initially seronegative child was found to have sero‐converted during the period investigated.