bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐diffraction and edge enhanced effect in the photorefractive crystal (Ca0.28Ba0.72)0.75(Sr0.60Ba0.40)0.25Nb2O6
Authors: Gao Ch. Y. , Xia H. R. , Xu J. Q. , Si Sh. Ch. , Ran D. G. , Ling Z. Ch. , Zhang H. J. , Wang J. Y. , Song H. L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe optical properties based on Self‐diffraction phenomena and the edge enhanced of optical correlation pattern effect with a Ca2+‐doped (Ca0.28Ba0.72)0.75(Sr0.60Ba0.40)0.25Nb2O6 (CSBN75) crystals and a He‐Ne laser at 632.8 nm are studied in this paper. The experimental results show that its practical application as photorefractive material is worth further investigation. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Three polymorphs of bis(5‐methylthio‐1,2‐dithiole‐3‐thione)‐disulfide
Authors: Rudershausen S. , Drexler H.‐J. , Bansse W. , Kelling A. , Schilde U. , Holdt H.‐J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe title compound, bis(5‐methylthio‐1,2‐dithiole‐3‐thione)‐disulfide, was yielded for the first time as by‐product of the reaction of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) ions with 5‐methylthio‐1,2‐dithiole‐3‐thione‐4‐thiolate. The compound can be obtained directly by oxidation of the ammonium salt of the ligand. C8H6S10 forms three polymorphs: (I), which crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121, (II) and (III), which crystallize in the monoclinic space groups P21/c and P21/n, respectively. The crystal and molecular structures are presented here. The determination of the absolute configuration of (I) indicated the P‐helical enantiomer. In contrast to this, the crystals of (II) und (III) are racemic, containing P‐ and M‐helical enantiomers. The polymorphs differ in the kind of skewing around the disulfide bond and of the positions of the both dithiole rings to the S‐S‐moiety. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and crystal structure of hexaaquamagnesium hydrogen phosphododecatungstate tetrahydrate [Mg(H2O)6][HPW12O40]·4H2O
Authors: Kremenović A. , Poleti D. , Ghermani N. E. , Karanović L. , Mioč U. B. , Nedić Z. , Spasojević‐de Biré A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractCrystals suitable for X‐ray structure analysis were obtained after the slow evaporation of the reaction mixture containing equimolar quantities of magnesium chloride and dodecatungstophosphoric acid aqueous solution insuring pH of the solution between 1.0 and 1.2. This simple synthetic route yielded stability of Keggin anion and high quality [Mg(H2O)6][HPW12O40]·4H2O single crystals. The obtained compound belongs to the group of heteropoly compounds and its structure is composed of Keggin [PW12O40]3– anions, [Mg(H2O)6]2+ cations and lattice water molecules. Zigzag arrangement of Keggin anions along c‐axis creates irregular channels occupied by [Mg(H2O)6]2+ cations and lattice H2O molecules. The calculation of the total potential solvent volume indicated the presence of 4.1 lattice H2O lattice molecules per formula unit, which is in agreement with the here presented structural model. The position of one lattice water molecule is well defined, while each of three other molecules is statistically distributed over two locations. Hydrogen bonds involve all coordinated and lattice H2O molecules, as well as some oxygen atoms from the Keggin anion. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma’
Authors: van Dalen Elvira C. , Martin Offringa , Kremer Leontien C. M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThese are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Cates CJ, Crilly JA, Rowe BH. Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD000052. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000052.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Expert Commentary articles. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Antiemetics for reducing vomiting related to acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents’
Authors: van Dalen Elvira C. , Offringa Martin , Kremer Leontien C. M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThese are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Alhashimi D, Alhashimi H, Fedorowicz Z. Antiemetics for reducing vomiting related to acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD005506. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005506.pub3.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Expert Commentary articles. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commentaries on ‘Antiemetics for reducing vomiting related to acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents’
Authors: Elliott Elizabeth J. , Peadon Elizabeth , Bayreuther Jane , Maconochie Ian 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThese are commentaries on a Cochrane review published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Alhashimi D, Alhashimi H, Fedorowicz Z. Antiemetics for reducing vomiting related to acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.:CD005506. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005506.pub3.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alterations in cell proliferation and apoptosis in colon cancers with microsatellite instability
Authors: Sinicrope Frank A. , Rego Rafaela L. , Garrity‐Park Megan M. , Foster Nathan R. , Sargent Daniel J. , Goldberg Richard M. , Wiesenfeld Myron , Witzig Thomas E. , Thibodeau Stephen N. , Burgart Lawrence J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractColon cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI) demonstrate a host immune response characterized by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) that may exert effects upon tumor cell apoptosis and cell proliferation. Accordingly, we compared rates of apoptosis and cell proliferation in colon cancers with defective DNA mismatch repair and their association with phenotypic features and clinical outcome. Primary Astler‐Coller stage B2 and C colon carcinomas (n= 329) were analyzed for MSI and for hMLH1 and hMSH2 protein expression. Apoptosis (TUNEL assay) and p53 expression were also analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and TILs were quantified by morphology. DNA ploidy and proliferation (PI: S phase + G2M) were evaluated using flow cytometry. MSI‐H (n= 58) colon cancers showed increased TILs that were significantly associated with increased apoptosis, higher apoptosis to proliferation (AI/PI) ratios, reduced proliferative indices (PI) and diploid DNA content. Increased TILs (p= 0.036) and reduced PI (p= 0.042), but not AI or AI/PI, were associated with improved disease‐free survival. Tumors with MSI‐H (p= 0.032) or loss of hMLH1 or hMSH2 proteins (p= 0.040), or diploidy (p= 0.0015), had better adjusted overall survival rates. Interestingly, similar rates of cell turnover and overlapping survival rates were found in diploid MSS/MSI‐L tumors and in MSI‐H cases. In conclusion, higher apoptosis/proliferation ratios and reduced cell proliferation are phenotypic features of MSI‐H tumors that are associated with increased TILs, indicating an activated immune response that may contribute to their favorable survival rates. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk for breast cancer among women with endometriosis
Authors: Bertelsen Lisbeth , Mellemkjær Lene , Frederiksen Kirsten , Kjær Susanne K , Brinton Louise A , Sakoda Lori C , van Valkengoed Irene , Olsen Jørgen H 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAlthough several risk factors are common to endometriosis and breast cancer, the results of observational studies of an association have so far been inconsistent. We evaluated the relationship between endometriosis and breast cancer on the basis of data on selected cancers and medical histories from the Danish nationwide cancer and hospital registries used in a large case–cohort study. A total of 114,327 women were included in the study of whom 1,978 women had received a diagnosis of endometriosis and 16,983 had had a diagnosis of breast cancer between 1978 and 1998. Of the women with endometriosis, 236 subsequently received a diagnosis of breast cancer. The crude overall rate ratio for breast cancer after endometriosis was 1.00 and after adjustment for reproductive factors, calendar‐period, bilateral oophorectomy and benign breast disease, the rate ratio was 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.85–1.11). The risk for breast cancer increased with age at diagnosis of endometriosis, so that women in whom endometriosis was diagnosed at a young age (approximately <40 years) had a reduced risk for breast cancer and women in whom endometriosis was diagnosed at older ages (approximately ≥40 years) tended to have an increased risk for breast cancer. The reduced risks observed among young women may reflect their exposure to drugs with antiestrogenic effects. The increased risk associated with endometriosis among postmenopausal women may be due to common risk factors between postmenopausal endometriosis and breast cancer or an altered endogenous estrogen. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methodological aspects on measurement of Clara cell protein in urine as a biomarker for airway toxicity, compared with serum levels
Authors: Andersson Lena , Lundberg Per‐Arne , Barregard Lars 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe Clara cell protein CC16, secreted from Clara cells in the lung, is discussed as a potential biomarker for toxic effects on the airways. An increased concentration of CC16 in serum may be caused by increased permeability of the lungs, caused by high levels of air pollution. Since CC16 is eliminated by renal excretion, it may be possible to use urine instead of serum samples. Few studies have been conducted on urinary CC16 (U‐CC16), however.The aim was to investigate the optimal way of sampling and quantifying CC16 in urine samples and compare CC16 in human serum and urinary samples. Repeated sampling was performed in two groups of healthy subjects. First morning urine, 24 h urine, and matched blood and urine samples were collected.The excretion of U‐CC16 increased over the day, e.g. from 0.08 µg h−1 in the morning to 0.28 µg h−1 in daytime and 0.16 µg h−1 in the evening (medians in males). Morning samples (µg h−1) from males properly reflected the 24 h excretion (r = 0.91). The best correlation with 24 h excretion was obtained with creatinine‐corrected first morning urine samples (r > 0.9). Generally, females had lower excretion of CC16 than males (medians 2.5 µg 24 h−1 in females and 16 µg 24 h−1 in males). There was significant intraindividual variation, but the interindividual variation was larger in both groups. There was an association between serum CC16 (S‐CC16) and U‐CC16 in morning samples. With optimal methods for sampling U‐CC16, urine samples may be used in experimental studies of air pollution. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combustion synthesis of porous biomaterials
Authors: Ayers Reed A. , Burkes Douglas E. , Gottoli Guglielmo , Yi Hu‐Chun , Zhim Fouad , Yahia L'Hocine , Moore John J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis article discusses the unique material manufacturing process of self‐propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) as applied to the making of porous biomaterials. Porous materials have long been considered as the first step toward in‐vivo bone tissue engineering and the creation of patient life‐time implants. The authors have approached this challenge by utilizing combustion synthesis, to create novel materials such as NiTi + TiC as well as porous forms of materials that are commonly accepted for biomedical applications such as tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. In the SHS product, physico‐chemical properties are controlled by, but not limited to, reactant stoichiometry; green density; particle size of the reactant mix; use or presence of a gasifying agent; heating rate of the reactants and gravity. By balancing these parameters, the energy of the reaction is controlled to create the desired product stoichiometry, porosity, and mechanical properties. SHS provides a means to rapidly manufacture materials, saving time and production costs as well as enabling the synthesis of custom devices through the use of individual molds. Mold materials can range from graphite to paper or paper machete. Combustion synthesis offers a method for the rapid manufacture of affordable, individual biomedical devices that will reduce patient recovery time. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 80A:, 2007
Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis on nitrogen ion implanted CoCrMo alloy material
Authors: Öztürk Orhan , Sudagidan Mert , Türkan Uğur 
Published: December 2006

AbstractStaphylococcus epidermidis is the primary cause of medical device‐related infections due to its adhesion and biofilm forming abilities on biomaterial surfaces. For this reason development of new materials and surfaces to prevent bacterial adhesion is inevitable. In this study, the adhesion of biofilm forming S. epidermidis strain YT‐169a on nitrogen (N) ion implanted as well as on as‐polished CoCrMo alloy materials were investigated. A medical grade CoCrMo alloy was ion implanted with 60 keV N ions to a high dose of 1.9 × 1018 ions/cm2 at substrate temperatures of 200 and 400°C. The near‐surface implanted layer crystal structures, implanted layer thicknesses, and roughnesses were characterized by XRD, SEM and AFM. The number of adherent bacteria on the surfaces of N implanted specimens was found to be 191 × 106 CFU/cm2 for the 200°C and 70 × 106 CFU/cm2 for the 400°C specimens compared to the as‐polished specimen (3 × 106 CFU/cm2). The adhesion test results showed that S. epidermidis strain YT‐169a adhere much more efficiently to the N implanted surfaces than to the as‐polished CoCrMo alloy surface. This was attributed mainly to the rougher surfaces associated with the N implanted specimens in comparison with the relatively smooth surface of the as‐polished specimen. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 80A:, 2007
Biofilm formation by Propionibacterium acnes on biomaterials in vitro and in vivo: Impact on diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Bayston Roger , Ashraf Waheed , Barker‐Davies Robert , Tucker Emily , Clement Rhys , Clayton Juliet , Freeman Brian J.C. , Nuradeen Bryar 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPropionibacterium acnes is found increasingly as a cause of delayed infection, usually involving implanted biomaterials. Despite susceptibility to common antibiotics, such infections are very difficult to treat and usually require surgical removal of the device. Three clinical isolates of P. acnes were assessed for ability to adhere to titanium, surgical steel and silicone, with and without a plasma conditioning film. After adherence, the biomaterials were then incubated for a further 6 days and examined for biofilm development. All three isolates adhered to all three biomaterials similarly. Importantly, we were able to demonstrate biofilm formation, including production of exopolymer similar in appearance to the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin of Staphylococcus epidermidis. A case summary also demonstrated failure to eradicate P. acnes infection in a hydrocephalus shunt after prolonged treatment. The removed shunt showed obvious biofilm formation, initially obscured by exopolymer when viewed by environmental scanning electron microscopy. Biofilm development by P. acnes explains the difficulties encountered in clinical management of such infections. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 80A:, 2007
Marriage rehearsal: How to prepare for the deal
Authors: Sherman Andrew J. , Badillo Alejandro 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAfter the owner of a company decides to sell it, the seller starts to wonder how the process will work. Who are the players on his team, and how can those players help him reach his goals? This is a critical time for the seller, because what he does now will determine how successfully he reaches his goals and maximizes the sale's value. How should the seller prepare to negotiate with prospective buyers? Two business strategy experts give you a detailed road map to follow. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of in vitro expansion of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells for cell‐therapy approaches: Further insights in the search for a fetal calf serum substitute
Authors: Bernardo M.E. , Avanzini M.A. , Perotti C. , Cometa A.M. , Moretta A. , Lenta E. , Del Fante C. , Novara F. , de Silvestri A. , Amendola G. , Zuffardi O. , Maccario R. , Locatelli F. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThere is great interest in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for cell‐therapy and tissue engineering approaches. MSCs are currently expanded in vitro in the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS); however, FCS raises concerns when used in clinical grade preparations. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether MSCs expanded in medium supplemented with platelet‐lysate (PL), already shown to promote MSC growth, are endowed with biological properties appropriate for cell‐therapy approaches. We confirm previously published data showing that MSCs expanded in either FCS or PL display comparable morphology, phenotype, and differentiation capacity, while PL‐MSCs were superior in terms of clonogenic efficiency and proliferative capacity. We further extended these data by investigating the immune‐regulatory effect of MSCs on the alloantigen‐specific immune response in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). We found that MSCs‐PL are comparable to MSCs‐FCS in their capacity to: (i) decrease alloantigen‐induced cytotoxic activity; (ii) favor differentiation of CD4+ T‐cell subsets expressing a Treg phenotype; (iii) increase early secretion of IL‐10 in MLC supernatant, as well as induce a striking augmentation of IL‐6 production. As compared with MSCs‐PL, MSCs‐FCS were more efficient in suppressing alloantigen‐induced lymphocyte subset proliferation and reducing early IFNγ‐secretion. Resistance to spontaneous transformation into tumor cells of expanded MSCs was demonstrated by molecular karyotyping and maintenance of normal morphology/phenotype after prolonged in vitro culture. Our data support the immunological functional plasticity of MSCs and suggest that MSCs‐PL can be used as an alternative to MSCs‐FCS, although these latter cells might be more suitable for preventing/treating alloreactivity‐related immune complications. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 121–130, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The use of bulgur as a meat replacement: bulgur‐sucuk (a vegetarian dry‐fermented sausage)
Authors: Bayram Mustafa , Bozkurt Hüseyin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this study, bulgur was used to produce a new sucuk (Turkish dry‐fermented sausage) as a vegetarian product. Yellow and black/brown bulgurs were mixed into the sucuk dough as fat and meat imitations respectively. Instead of animal fat, olive oil was used for lubrication. Nitrite and nitrate were not added to the recipe. The bulgur‐sucuk was ripened at 60–95% relative humidity and 18–25 °C over 15 days. During ripening, pH, moisture content and textural (hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience), sensory (flavour, colour, cutting and overall scores) and colour (Hunter L, a, b, yellowing index (YI), total colour difference, hue angle, chroma and browning index values) attributes were monitored. The pH and moisture content of the bulgur‐sucuk were 5.81 and 493 g kg−1 respectively before ripening and decreased to 4.14 and 280 g kg−1 during ripening. The colour values L, a, b and YI decreased significantly (P < 0.05) to 33.03, 7.67, 11.63 and 80.70 respectively during ripening. Some of these decreases in colour values were expected owing to the lack of nitrite and nitrate. All instrumentally measured textural properties of the bulgur‐sucuk increased significantly (P < 0.05) during ripening. From the results of the parameter measurements and sensory evaluations, bulgur appears to be suitable as a meat replacement when used in a dry‐fermented formulation. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
The singular sources method for cracks
Authors: Fotouhi Morteza 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe singular sources method is given to detect the shape of a thin infinitely cylindrical obstacle from a knowledge of the TM‐polarized scattered electromagnetic field in large distance. The basic idea is based on the singular behaviour of the scattered field of the incident point source on the cross‐section of the cylinder. We assume that the scatterer is a perfect conductor which is possibly coated by a material and investigate two models with different boundary conditions. Also we give a uniqueness proof for the shape reconstruction. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasonographic measurement of fetal nasal bone length in the second trimester in Korean population
Authors: Jung Eui , Won Hye‐Sung , Ryang Lee Pil , Kim Ahm 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the reference range of fetal nasal bone length (NBL) in the second trimester in the Korean population and to determine its clinical value in screening for trisomy 21.Study DesignA total of 3019 consecutive fetuses at 16‐28 weeks of gestation underwent ultrasonographic measurement of NBL at Asan Medical Center from October 2003 to August 2005.ResultsFetal profile was successfully examined in 95.6% (2885/3019) of the fetuses. NBL increased linearly with advanced gestation (R2 = 0.4337, p < 0.001). During this period, 23 fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities (including nine with trisomy 21, two with trisomy 18, and three with Turner syndrome) were detected. In trisomy 21, hypoplastic nasal bone (<2.5th percentile) was seen in 3/9 fetuses, and the NBL of one fetus was between the 2.5th and 5th percentile. Hypoplastic nasal bone was seen in 3.1% (89/2833) of fetuses with normal chromosomal or postnatal examination findings.ConclusionWe present the normal range of NBL in the second trimester in the Korean population and also their linear relationship with gestational age (GA). The NBL appears to be shorter in Korean fetuses than Caucasian and Chinese fetuses. This indicates that the normal range would vary between races and that a relative percentile is a more reliable screening criterion than an absolute value. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emission lines from excitons with collision in indirect semiconductors
Authors: Kanno Shokichi , Okushi Hideyo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractDetailed characteristics of excitonic emission in indirect semiconductors are theoretically examined based on Bose–Einstein statistics and mathematical formulations for the excitonic emission lines are presented. In the calculation of the emission lines we take into account the collision of excitons using a conventional Lorentzian form for a spectral function. We also take into account higher order momentum dependence of the transition matrix and the excitation energy of excitons. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)