bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is biofuel policy harming biodiversity in Europe?
Authors: EGGERS JEANNETTE , TRÖLTZSCH KATJA , FALCUCCI ALESSANDRA , MAIORANO LUIGI , VERBURG PETER H. , FRAMSTAD ERIK , LOUETTE GERALD , MAES DIRK , NAGY SZABOLCS , OZINGA WIM , DELBAERE BEN 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe assessed the potential impacts of land‐use changes resulting from a change in the current biofuel policy on biodiversity in Europe. We evaluated the possible impact of both arable and woody biofuel crops on changes in distribution of 313 species pertaining to different taxonomic groups. Using species‐specific information on habitat suitability as well as land use simulations for three different biofuel policy options, we downscaled available species distribution data from the original resolution of 50 to 1 km. The downscaled maps were then applied to analyse potential changes in habitat size and species composition at different spatial levels. Our results indicate that more species might suffer from habitat losses rather than benefit from a doubled biofuel target, while abolishing the biofuel target would mainly have positive effects. However, the possible impacts vary spatially and depend on the biofuel crop choice, with woody crops being less detrimental than arable crops. Our results give an indication for policy and decision makers of what might happen to biodiversity under a changed biofuel policy in the European Union. The presented approach is considered to be innovative as to date no comparable policy impact assessment has been applied to such a large set of key species at the European scale.
Relationship of Protein Concentration and Water Content of Equine Serum and Plasma Samples
Authors: Carlson Gary P. , Harrold Doris R. 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYA highly significant correlation between the water content and protein concentration of equine serum and plasma samples was demonstrated over a wide range of concentrations. A close correlation was also observed between protein concentration as estimated by refractometry and as determined by the biuret procedure for equine serum and plasma samples.
Alkaline Phosphatase and Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes in the Cat
Authors: Hoffman Walter E. , Renegar Wayne E. , Dorner Joseph L. 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYFeline alkaline phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes have been studied in tissue and serum. Alkaline phosphatase from various organs was quantitated and then subjected to cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The effects of bile duct ligation, prednisolone treatment and phenobarbital treatment on serum alkaline phosphatase was measured. The diagnostic importance of feline serum alkaline phosphatase levels is discussed in light of the results of this and other studies.
An Evaluation of Activated Coagulation Time in Warfarin‐Intoxicated Dogs
Authors: Green R. A. , White Fred , Osweiler G. A. 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYActivated coagulation time, one stage prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were compared in warfarin‐intoxicated dogs. All coagulation tests were significantly prolonged on the third and fourth days following intoxication. Coagulation assays of all dogs except one returned to preintoxication values one day following vitamin K therapy. Significant correlation was found between all coagulation tests in the intoxicated group. Activated coagulation time may provide a useful coagulation screening test to veterinarians with limited laboratory capabilities.
Determination of the Concentration of Protein in Cerebrospinal Fluid With A New Dye‐Binding Method
Authors: Barsanti J.A. , Duncan J.R. 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYThe protein concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured on 50 samples with a new dye‐binding method using Coomassie Brilliant Blue G‐250 (CBB). The results of this method correlated well (r = 0.99) with those of the trichloroacetic acid‐Ponceau S method (TCA‐PS). Since the CBB method involves only one step, it is recommended as a simple method of determining protein concentration in CSF.
Comparative Studies on Serum Arginase and Transaminases in Hepatic Necrosis in Various Species of Domestic Animals
Authors: Mia A.S. , Koger H.D. 
Published: February 2009

SummarySerum concentrations of arginase, gluta‐mic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and gluta‐mic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) in dogs, cats, horses, cattle, sheep and pigs were determined before and after oral administration of CCi4 at doses known to cause hepatic necrosis. Following CCI4 administration, serum concentration of arginase and SGOT increased to a level of diagnostic significance in all animals. SGPT increased markedly in dogs and cats and marginally in 1 of 3 cattle and 2 of 3 pigs. In the surviving animals, the serum concentration of arginase returned to normal range much earlier than SGPT or SGOT.Based on the CCI4 experimental toxicity results of this study, an elevated level of serum arginase would appear to be a reliable indicator of hepatic necrosis in both small and large animals whereas SGPT would be a reliable indicator of hepatic necrosis only in dogs and cats.
The Hematology of Lead Poisoning in Man and Animals
Authors: George Jeanne Wright , Duncan J. Robert 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe hematologic abnormalities are used to aid in diagnosis and understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of lead poisoning. Erythrocyte shape abnormalities, basophilic stippling, porphyrin abnormalities and normoblastosis have been associated with lead ingestion in many species. This paper reviews literature on these aspects of hematology of lead poisoning in both man and domestic animals.
Development of a Radioimmunoassay for Thyroxine in Canines Using Polyethylene Glycol
Authors: Mincey E.K. , McTaggart M.P. 
Published: February 2009

SummarySince the normal circulating level of thy‐roxine is so much lower in canines and other species than it is in humans, the authors suggest that it is impractical to use systems designed for thyroxine detection in human sera on their veterinary patients. Their newly developed, simple yet sensitive radioimmunoassay is presented here and further outlined in the accompanying table. Successfully performed on 500 canine patients, this radio‐immunoassay features the use of T4 standards prepared with T4‐free serum, I125 thyroxine with a very high specific activity, and specific antiserum for thyroxine, previously titered to give 50% binding of radioactive T4 in the test system. Polyethylene glycol is used to separate the bound and free radioactive T4, resulting in a procedure which can be performed rapidly at room temperature.
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase in Pregnant Mares
Authors: Meuten Donald J. , Kociba Gary , Threlfall Walter R. , Nagode Larry A. 
Published: February 2009

SummarySerum alkaline phosphatase was measured in ten mares during various stages of gestation. No significant change in serum alkaline phosphatase activity was detected during pregnancy. These data suggest that interpretation of serum alkaline phosphatase in horses can be made independently of their pregnancy status.
Determination of Canine Factor VIII‐related Antigen Using Commercial Antihuman F VIII Serum
Authors: Johnstone I.B. , Crane S. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryFactor Vlll‐related antigen (F Vlll:AGN) in 21 canine plasma samples was assayed by immunoelectrophoresis using a rabbit anti‐canine F VIII serum prepared from a canine F VIII concentrate and a commercial rabbit antihuman F VIII serum. A good correlation existed (r value 0.916) between the antigen levels obtained using the two sera.In normal dogs the plasma F VIII. AG/V level was 95 ± 39% (Mean ± SD) compared to 175 ± 40% in dogs with severe hemophilia A and 17 ± 15% in dogs with von Willebrand's disease.It was concluded that there was sufficient cross reactivity between canine F VIII and commercial rabbit antihuman F VIII serum to make the latter useful in the differential diagnosis of F VIII deficiencies in the dog.
The Anemia of Chronic Renal Failure Revisited
Authors: Easley J. Roger 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe mechanisms of the anemia of chronic renal failure are reviewed. Ineffective erythro‐poiesis is undoubtedly the major cause of this anemia. The contributions of inadequate erythropoietin secretion by the diseased kidneys, suppressive effects of uremic “toxins” on erythropoiesis and red cell survival, excess blood loss, and plasma concentrations of parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphate are discussed.
Evaluation of a Commercial Kit for Measurement of Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Canine Blood
Authors: Mahaffey Edward A. , Cornelius L.M. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryTotal glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) was measured in canine blood samples by conventional macrocolumn ion exchange chro‐matography and with a commercial glycosylated hemoglobin kit. The two methods correlated well (r=0.94, p < 0.001) and the reproducibility of the kit method was good. The commercial kit method is recommended for measurement of HbA1in canine blood.
Hepatic Bilirubin‐IX‐ α ‐Glycosyltransferase Activities in Animals Excreting Primarily Biliverdin into Bile
Authors: Cornelius Charles E. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryA wide variation was observed in hepatic bilirubin‐IX‐α undine diphosphate (UDP) glu‐curonyl, glucosyl and xylosyl transferase activities among yellow rat snakes, pin fish, chickens, turkeys, sea turtles, alligators, nutria and rats. Lower hepatic enzyme activities were observed in fish, snakes, turtles, and avian species with intermediate enzyme activities present in the livers of nutria and alligators. Hepatic glycosyltransferase activities were greater in the biliverdin‐excreting species which are known to excrete readily an exogenous bilirubin load. Hepatic enzyme activities and the biliary transport maxima of bilirubin‐IX‐α are closely correlated.
Effect of Sample Preparation on Basophilic Stippling in Bovine Blood Smears
Authors: George Jeanne Wright , Duncan J. Robert 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe effect of sample preparation on the amount of basophilic stippling of erythro‐cytes (BSE) was studied using blood from a calf with chronic experimental lead poisoning. The combination of EDTA anticoagulation and rapid drying of the blood smear resulted in the most BSE. Alcohol prefixation reduced BSE. Wright‐Leishman stain was better than Wright stain in demonstrating BSE.
Myeloproliferative Disease with Megakaryocytic Predominance in a Dog with Occult Dirofilariasis
Authors: Harvey John W. , Henderson Carl W. , French Tracy W. , Meyer Dennis J. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryA 7‐year‐old male German Shepherd dog with a history of lethargy, weight loss and severe anemia was referred to the University of Florida Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for examination. Abnormal laboratory findings included a normocytic and normo‐chromic anemia, thrombocytosis, eosino‐philia, basophilia and hyperproteinemia. An increased pulmonary density in the caudal lung lobes was observed on thoracic radiographs. Bone marrow aspiration and core biopsy revealed a hypercellular bone marrow with increased numbers of unidentified blast cells and bizarre megakaryocyte proliferation. Circulating microfilariae were not present in the blood, but serum examined by immunofluorescence was strongly positive for antibodies against Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae. A diagnosis of myeloproliferative disease with megakaryocytic predominance and occult dirofilariasis was made.
Analysis of Equine Thoracic Fluid
Authors: Wagner >A.E , Bennett D.G. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryEighteen clinically normal horses were used to study the characteristics of normal thoracic fluid. Thoracic fluid was obtained from each horse and was found to be similar to equine abdominal fluid. Total leukocytes averaged 3994/μl, total protein 1.8 g/dl, and specific gravity 1.015. Analysis of thoracic fluid from 16 horses with clinical signs of thoracic disease showed abnormalities in every case. Thoracic fluid analysis alone determined a specific diagnosis in 50% of the cases.
The Qualitative Analysis of Canine Immunoglobulins and Myeloma Proteins by Immunofixation
Authors: Jacobs Robert M. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe technique of immunofixation was used to locate the immunoglobulin species in canine sera following agarose electro‐phoresis. The myeloma proteins in two dogs were identified as immunoglobulin G, and a polyclonal gammopathy was characterized by this method.
Hematology of the West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus)
Authors: Medway W. , Black D.J. , Rathbun G.B. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryHemograms on blood obtained from 10 clinically normal West Indian Manatees (Trichechus manatus) were studied. The red cells were large and in lower number than in most terrestrial species. The manatee does not have a neutrophil as is present in most species, but it has a heterophil whose granules stain pink with the Wright‐Giemsa stain.The eosinophil has uniform red‐staining granules that make its differentiation from hetero‐phils difficult. Both large and small lymphocytes, monocytes and basophils are present. The total number of white blood cells was comparable to that of common domestic species as were the platelet numbers. No re‐ticulocytes were found.
Isoamylases in Clinically Normal and Diseased Dogs
Authors: Jacobs Robert M. , Hall Robert L. , Rogers William A. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryIsoamylases in normal canine sera were separated on cellulose acetate membranes using a discontinuous buffer system without EDTA. Four peaks of amylase activity were present in 17 of 24 sera. Normal values were established. The majority of activity was present in Peak 4 (cathodal isoamylase). Tissue extracts of pancreas, duodenum, kidney, lung, testis, spleen and uterus‐ovaries contained Peak 4 isoamylase. Liver and salivary gland lacked ail isoamylase activity. Pancreas contained Peak 3 in addition to Peak 4 isoamylase. A tissue origin for Peaks 1 and 2 was not identified. An overall lack of resolution resulted from the inclusion of EDTA in the electrophoresis buffer system. This may account for previous findings suggesting that pancreatic amylase is not present in normal canine serum. An increase in the Peak 3 isoamylase was present in dogs with pancreatitis while dogs with pancreatic atrophy had a decrease in all isoamylases. Total amylase activity was significantly (p ≪ 0.05) decreased in dogs with pancreatic atrophy.
Superoxide, Superoxide Dismutase and the Respiratory Burst
Authors: Bender Holly S. , Chickering William R. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryPhagocytes undergo a sharp burst of oxygen consumption when engulfing bacteria. This oxygen is enzymatically reduced to toxic metabolites which are essential to the bactericidal action of the cell. Oxygen metabolites formed in this burst as well as other intermediates formed in biological reduction reactions do not selectively reserve their toxicity for microorganisms. Cells help to guard their organelles against the toxic effects of oxygen by producing intracellular enzymes such as superoxide dismutase. Though superoxide dismutase is found in relatively high concentrations inside cells, there are only small amounts in extracellular fluids. This may account for some of the local tissue damage surrounding aggregates of neutrophils in inflammatory reactions. A pharmacological preparation of superoxide dismutase has shown efficacy in preventing some of the pathological changes seen in degenerative arthritis.
“Flaming” Plasma Cells in a Dog with IgA Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Zinkl Joseph G. , LeCouteur Richard A. , Davis David C. , Saunders Geoffrey K. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryMultiple myeloma with “flaming” plasma cell infiltration of the bone marrow was found in an 8‐year‐old Shetland sheepdog. Immuno‐electrophoresis results indicated that the myeloma protein was IgA. Flaming plasma cells frequently have been associated with human IgA myeloma.
Congenital Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency in Hyperlipemic Kitten Siblings
Authors: Bauer John E. , Verlander Jill W 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe nature of the hyperlipemia in two 3‐week‐old male kittens, one of which was presented with the owner's complaints of retarded growth and white streaks on its eyes, was studied. Hypertriglyceridemia, hyper‐cholesterolemia, and reduced Post‐Heparin Plasma Lipolytic Activities (PHPLA) were observed in both animals. One of the kittens, however, was more severely affected and in addition, had lipemia retinalis and a marked lactescent, hyperchylomicronemic serum in spite of a short‐term fast before sampling. These findings are strikingly similar to those found in human Type I hyperlipoproteinemia due to familial Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) deficiency. Diagnosis of persistent hyperlipemic syndromes in kittens should include the possibility of LPL deficiency as determined by PHPLA measurements.
Multiple Cytopenias Associated with Monocytic Proliferation in a Dog
Authors: Hirsch V.M. , Mitcham S.A. , Dunn J.K. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryAn unusual combination of blood cytopenias and monocytic proliferation was observed in a dog. Initial hematologic findings included severe thrombocytopenia, neutro‐penia, mild nonregenerative anemia and apparently normal bone marrow. Subsequently, a severe persistent monocytosis developed and the bone marrow became populated with monocytes and cytophagic macrophages. Splenomegaly was due to reticuloendothelial hyperplasia and extramedullary hematopoie‐sis. Treatment consisted of splenectomy and azathioprine but the response was poor and the dog was euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed a hypocellular bone marrow which contained moderate numbers of monocytes and plasma cells. Neoplastic proliferation was absent in visceral organs. No definite diagnosis was established; chronic blood cell consumption, perhaps immune‐mediated, may have been responsible for the extensive reticuloendothelial hyperplasia and cytophagia.
Effect of EDTA on Morphology of Neutrophils of Healthy Dogs and Dogs with Inflammation
Authors: Gossett Kent A. , Carakostas Michael C. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryIncreased basophilia and foamy vacu‐olation in the cytoplasm of neutrophils in smears made within 1 hour of blood collection suggest inflammatory disease. Due to the mild increase in foamy vacuolation which occurred with time in EDTA, the significance of mildly vacuolated neutrophils in smears prepared a few hours after blood collection is questionable. However, moderate or severe foamy vacuolation should be considered clinically significant.In vitro morphologic changes in neutrophils from healthy dogs in EDTA include clear, discrete vacuoles in the cytoplasm, uneven distribution of cytoplasmic granules, irregular cell membrane and pyknosis. These neutrophils generally lack basophilia, have minimal foamy vacuolation of the cytoplasm and are morphologically different from neutrophils associated with severe inflammation.
Uniform Evaluation and Semiquantitative Reporting of Hematologic Data in Veterinary Laboratories
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryA protocol was presented for uniform evaluation and reporting of hematologic data in veterinary clinical laboratories. The protocol was used in the Clinical Pathology Labora‐tory at Michigan State University for 2 years and was found to improve the recognition and quantification of morphologic changes in blood smears.
The Effect of Three Phlebotomy Techniques on Hematological and Clinical Chemical Evaluation in Sprague‐Dawley Rats
Authors: Suber Robert L. , Kodell Ralph L. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe effects of three phlebotomy techniques — periorbital sinus puncture, tail vein incision and cardiac puncture — were determined on seven hematological parameters and seven clinical chemical parameters in female Sprague‐Dawley rats. The mean er‐ythrocyte count, leukocyte count, hemoglobin and hematocrit were reduced with cardiac puncture as compared to the other two techniques. There was a statistically significant increase in the variance of each of these parameters except the leukocyte count. The mean serum lactate dehydrogen‐ase, aspartate animotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma‐glutamyl transfer‐ase and creatinine were greater in samples collected by cardiac puncture than with the periorbital sinus and tail vein techniques. A statistically significant difference in variance was observed between the orbital sinus puncture and the cardiac puncture for each of these parameters. In all cases except lactate dehydrogenase, the values from the orbital sinus and tail vein techniques were comparable for both hematology and clinical chemistry. A large variance was found by all three techniques for both alkaline phos‐phatase and lactate dehydrogenase in the rat. Over 60% of the serum samples were hemolyzed from the cardiac puncture technique while approximately 25% of the serum samples from tail vein incision were hemolyzed. In this laboratory the lack of hemolysis and the lower variance make the periorbital sinus venipuncture technique the method of choice for collection of blood samples from rats.
Renal Percent Clearance Ratios in Cattle
Authors: Neiger R.D. , Hagemoser W.A. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryRenal percent clearance ratios for various electrolytes were determined on nine clinically normal Holstein heifers. Endogenous creatinine serum and urine levels were used to calculate the ratios. The average percent clearance ratios and standard deviations of Na, K, Cl, P, and Ca were 1.97±0.63, 49.3± 9.2, 3.16±1.12, 15.6±14.3, and 1.38 ±1.41, respectively. The correlation between Na and Cl percent clearance ratios within a sample was 0.92. A very strong direct correlation of urine creatinine and urine specific gravity was demonstrated.
Pathologic Sideroblasts and Siderocytes Associated with Chloramphenicol Therapy in a Dog
Authors: Harvey John W. , Wolfsheimer Karen J. , Simpson Charles F. , French Tracy W. 
Published: February 2009

SummarySiderotic granules were recognized in blood erythrocytes from a male Boxer dog with suppurative prostatitis, cystitis and pyelonephritis that was being given high dosage chloramphenicol therapy. Siderotic inclusions were recognized in the cytoplasm of 96% of the rubricytes and metarubricytes in a bone marrow aspirate. Siderotic inclusions were numerous and in some cases formed a ring around the nucleus. This peri‐nuclear location suggested that pathologic mitochondrial iron accumulation had occurred, resulting in the formation of “ringed” sideroblasts. The occurrence of pathologic sideroblasts was confirmed by electron microscopy. Blood siderocytes and bone marrow sideroblasts disappeared after cessation of chloramphenicol therapy.
Sizing of Animal Erythrocytes Using Sulfate Based Diluent
Authors: Weiser M. G. 
Published: February 2009

SummarySulfate based cell counting diluent and human erythrocyte size standards were evaluated for electronically sizing erythrocytes of common domestic species. Mean differences between calculated and human cell referenced electronic mean corpuscular volume values were 0, 0.4, 0.8, and 2.1 fl for blood of dogs, horses, cats, and cows, respectively. These differences were statistically significant only for the cat (p = 0.029) and cow (p = 0.0002). Electronic mean corpuscular volume was measured on multiple lots of human cell control material following calibration with human cells and cells of each of the four species. There were no significant differences between assigned assay values and direct measurements at each calibration (F = 0.14, df = 29). Sulfate based diluent, used on some automated cell counting systems, appears suitable for sizing animal erythrocytes and commercially available human cell standards are appropriate for calibration of certain systems used in veterinary hematology.