bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of bone for obliteration of the nasofrontal duct with the osteoplastic flap: A cat model
Authors: Owens Michael , Klotch Douglas W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe management of the frontal sinus remains controversial for traumatic and inflammatory disease. The osteoplastic flap with fat obliteration has become the treatment standard, although late failures with infection and mucocele formation may arise. Theories for mucocele formation include regrowth of residual mucosa from the sinus and ingrowth of mucosa from a nonobliterated nasofrontal duct.A study to evaluate the means of nasofrontal duct obliteration was developed. Three cat groups were evaluated at 1,2, and 3 months. Group 1 had the duct and sinus obliterated with fat. Group 2 had the duct obliterated with bone and the sinus with fat. Group 3 had only the duct obliterated with bone. There was no mucosal ingrowth in any of the sinuses for the intervals studied. In group 1, fat volume was seen to decrease over time with replacement by fibrous tissue within the duct. Groups 2 and 3 developed progressive obliteration of the duct with new bone formation.One may infer that fat obliteration alone does not provide a predictable stable situation as fat atrophies within the duct and may allow mucosal ingrowth. Bone obliteration was shown to be progressive within the duct from osteogenesis. This is the first experimental model to correlate clinical observations of the use of bone for sinus obliteration.This study concluded that bone obliterates the nasofrontal duct better than the accepted standard of fat, independent of the material used to obliterate the sinus.
A treatment for primary ciliary dyskinesia: Efficacy of functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Parsons David S. , Greene Bradley A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an inherited disorder manifested in children as chronic otomastoiditis, recurrent pneumonia, and chronic sinusitis. The failure of the ciliary beat pattern to effectively function in the respiratory tract produces stasis of secretions with secondary inflammation, edema, and infection. The authors report three young children with PCD who presented with variable severities of symptoms. Each had the aforementioned respiratory tract problems. The child with the most severe symptomatology was treated with a variety of medical options, including long‐term gamma globulin injections, but hospitalizations persisted twice per month because of severe sinopulmonary illness. All three of the children underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). In addition, two children received pressure equalization (PE) tubes. One child required a revision procedure. Their surgical outcomes are discussed. Follow‐up of FESS in three children with this disorder shows a marked improvement in symptomatology with a decreased incidence of hospitalization and a somewhat decreased need for medical therapy.
Mucosal melanoma of the head and neck: The impact of local control on survival
Authors: Lee Steve P. , Shimizu Kenneth T. , Tran Luu M. , Juillard Guy , Calcaterra Thomas C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe management for mucosal melanoma of the head and neck is controversial in view of the poor prognosis. Thirty‐five patients seen from 1955 to 1991 were analyzed retrospectively. Almost all (34/35) presented with localized disease. Primary treatments included radical surgery (15), local resection (11), radiation therapy (6), or systemic treatment (2). While the rate of local recurrence was high (27/34), only 5 patients developed distant disease before local relapse. Furthermore, only 5/21 achieved successful local salvage. Patients with their disease controlled locally had significantly longer survival than those with persistent local disease (P = .0001). The 5‐year disease‐specific survival was 45%.The authors conclude that mucosal melanoma of the head and neck is not necessarily incurable. When local control is achieved, survival rate is significantly improved. Aggressive local treatments should be initiated at presentation of this disease.
Juxtaposition lipoma to the mastoid seventh nerve
Authors: Luetje Charles M. , Milbrath Mary M. , Linthicum Fred H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe precise embryological source for fat in juxtaposition to the vertical portion of the seventh nerve in the mastoid is unknown. Seventeen percent of 240 temporal bones disclosed various amounts of fat adjacent to this portion of the nerve. Shiny areas of fat granules are occasionally seen around, and perhaps at first glance mistaken for, the seventh nerve during mastoid surgery. The radiographic appearance of fat in this area has not been described. Bilateral 1‐cm ovoid images were interpreted in a 16‐year‐old girl as seventh nerve neuromas or perhaps hemangiomas, but were surgically proven to be a lipoma in the only ear operated on. Lipoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis for a mass in this location which demonstrates increased T1 signal, progressive decreased signal on T2‐weighted images, and has signal intensity isodense with that of fat.
Collagen gel cultures of normal salivary gland: Conditions for continued proliferation and maintenance of major cell phenotypes in vitro
Authors: Burford‐Mason Aileen P. , Dardick Irving , Mackay Allison 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe presence of three functionally and phenotypically distinct epithelial cell populations—acinar, duct, and myoepithelial cells—in major salivary glands creates problems when developing physiologically appropriate culture systems for the study of these tissues in vitro. Previous attempts to establish cultures of rat submandibular gland resulted in continued proliferation and maintenance of glandular architecture, but loss of distinct features of differentiation of the three epithelial cell types. The present study describes an ultrathin free‐floating collagen gel culture technique (mantle gels). Using this method, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies indicate that rat submandibular gland continues to cycle, and secretory activity and phenotypic markers for acinar, duct, and myoepithelial cells are all demonstrable after 4 weeks in culture, suggesting that this constitutes the ideal system for in vitro investigation of the pathobiology of the salivary gland.
Comparison of upper‐airway evaluations during wakefulness and sleep
Authors: Tucker Woodson B. , Wooten Marvin R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe location of upper‐airway obstruction during sleep has been predicted by using waking measures that include physical examination and endoscopic Müller's maneuver. However, this prediction remains speculative. To objectively evaluate these clinical measures, 22 patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea had upper‐airway studies during nonsedated sleep with solid‐state manometry and videoendoscopy. Objective tongue‐base obstruction was measured with four methods, each identifying a different aspect of airway collapse during sleep. Manometry identified tongue obstruction during (1) early and (2) late inspiration, and videoendoscopy identified severe collapse without complete obstruction during (3) late inspiration, and (4) expiration. Twenty‐eight waking upper‐airway characteristics measured at waking clinical and endoscopic examination were then compared between patients with and without tongue‐base segment obstruction to identify characteristics that would discriminate tongue‐base obstruction. The results demonstrated that tongue‐base/hypopharyngeal pathology during wakefulness was present on clinical examination in 19 of 22 (86%) patients. Objectively, during sleep tongue‐base obstruction occurred on manometric early inspiration in 5 of 21 (24%) patients, on manometric late inspiration in 11 of 21 (52%), on endoscopic late inspiration in 14 of 19 (74%), and on endoscopic expiration in 8 of 19 (42%).Patients with tongue‐base obstruction during sleep were primarily discriminated on waking examination by nonobstructive upper oropharyngeal features (p<0.10). Near‐total collapse of the tongue base on supine endoscopy was the only characteristic associated with tongue‐base obstruction during sleep. Müller's maneuver did not discriminate patient groups. Results indicate that the incidence of tongue‐base abnormalities measured during sleep varies significantly depending on the measure used. This variability may contribute to variability in surgical success rates. Identification of airway pathology relevant to sleep‐related breathing disorders may require new methods of evaluation and a better understanding of upper‐airway biomechanics.
Vibratory segment function after free flap reconstruction of the pharyngoesophagus
Authors: Haughey Bruce H. , Fredrickson John M. , Sessions Donald G. , Fuller Dennis 
Published: October 2006

AbstractReconstructive options following total laryngo‐pharyngectomy include thin, pliable free tissue segments, approximating the natural thickness of the pharyngeal wall. The authors have investigated outcomes in the following clinical series, emphasizing speech and swallowing.Twelve cancer patients underwent laryngopharyngectomy with or without glossectomy. Eight jejunal, 1 radial forearm, and 3 innervated latissimus dorsi flaps were used for vibratory segment (VS) reconstruction, and all 12 patients underwent tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP).Eleven patients achieved intelligible speech, with a median intelligibility of 93%. The vibrating segments showed fluttering of the free flap tissue when studied by videopharyngography. Vocal quality was lower pitched and softer than “conventional” TEP speech. All patients achieved oral intake as their primary mode of nutrition.Free flaps are a successful option for VS reconstruction in patients undergoing laryngopharyngectomy or glossopharyngolaryngectomy, obviating the need for written or electrolarynx communication.
Tracheal anastomosis with the diode laser and fibrin tissue adhesive: An in vitro and in vivo investigation
Authors: Gleich Lyon L. , Wang Zhi , Pankratov Michail M. , Thomas Aretz H. , Shapshay Stanley M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAbsorbable sutures have been advocated for tracheal anastomosis to reduce fibrosis and foreign body reaction leading to recurrent stenosis. Fibrin tissue adhesive (FTA) and diode laser welding with indocyanine green‐dyed fibrinogen were evaluated in tracheal anastomosis to reduce the number of sutures and to improve healing. In vitro studies demonstrated strong anastomoses with a combination of laser welding and FTA with minimal tissue damage. In a controlled in vivo study, circumferential resections of canine tracheas were repaired with laser welding and FTA augmented with a few stay sutures. These anastomoses had less fibrosis and tissue damage than anastomoses in control animals repaired with sutures alone. This study supports investigation of laser welding and FTA in human beings for tracheal anastomosis and other procedures in which suturing may be difficult.
UPPP for habitual snoring: A 5‐year follow‐up with respiratory sleep recordings
Authors: Friberg Danielle , Carlsson‐Nordlander Britt , Larsson Håkan , Svanborg Eva 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFifty‐six men who underwent uvulopalatopha‐ryngoplasty (UPPP) because of habitual snoring without preoperative obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), according to respiratory sleep recordings, were interviewed concerning persistent snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Renewed recordings were made in 53 of them at a median time of 63 months postoperatively. Median preoperative oxygen desaturation index (ODI) was 0; the median postoperative index was 1. Median duration of the preoperative obstructive respiratory pattern was 8% of total sleeping time, and the median duration postoperatively was 17%. (Significant individual increases were P=.0005 and P=.004, respectively.) Six patients answered to OSA criteria postoperatively. Weight increases were significantly correlated to increases in both ODI and obstructive respiratory pattern and to persistent snoring. Preoperatively 51 of 56 patients reported EDS, and 73% of the patients were improved or cured. From snoring, 87% reported improvement or cure. No patient had any serious sequelae of UPPP. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty is a safe and effective treatment for habitual snoring, but it does not give absolute protection from development of OSA.
Avoidance of postoperative blockage of ventilation tubes
Authors: Jamal Tarek S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWhile most of the complications of ventilation tubes are widely described in the literature, little is mentioned about postoperative blockage of these tubes. Generally, this blockage is caused by viscid secretion or a blood clot.This study was conducted to assess the effect of using a vasoconstrictor solution to cover the tympanic membrane after ventilation tube insertion to ensure hemostasis in the immediate postoperative period and to decongest the mucosa of the middle ear and the eustachian tube. Xylometazoline hydrochloride (Otrivinr̀ Nasal Drops 0.1% or Pediatric Nasal Drops 0.05%) was introduced into 60 ears in 32 patients undergoing myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion. The control group, consisting of 76 ears in 40 patients, underwent only myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion.In a follow‐up period of 3 months, postoperative tube obstruction occurred 10.5% of the patients in the control group. No case of blocked tube occurred in the patients who received xylometazoline.
Head and Neck Surgery Workforce in the Year 2014
Authors: Close Lanny Garth , Miller Robert H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe head and neck surgery workforce in the United States over the next 20 years is of significant interest to physicians, patients, and others. Using election to fellowship in the American Society for Head and Neck Surgery or the Society of Head and Neck Surgeons, or both, as the criteria for designation as a head and neck surgeon, a mathematical model was designed to project the growth of the head and neck surgery workforce through the year 2014. The current combined active membership of the two societies was analyzed to determine the impact of age distribution on this model. The paradigm assumes 30 new head and neck surgeons each year and includes the appropriate mortality rate for each cohort. Based on this model, the total number of head and neck surgeons should decrease slightly from 1109 in the year 1994 to 1028 in the year 2014. A steady‐state supply of head and neck surgeons is therefore predicted.
Associations Between Homocysteine, Bone Turnover, BMD, Mortality, and Fracture Risk in Elderly Women
Authors: Gerdhem Paul , Ivaska Kaisa K , Isaksson Anders , Pettersson Kim , Väänänen H Kalervo , Obrant Karl J , Åkesson Kristina 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Homocysteine has been suggested to be a risk factor for fracture, but the causal relationship is not clear. In 996 women from the OPRA study, high homocysteine level was associated with high bone marker levels and low BMD at baseline. During a mean 7-year follow-up, high homocysteine level was associated with mortality, but no clear association to fracture risk existed.
Introduction: Recently, the association between high serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels and an increased risk of fracture has been described.
Materials and Methods: Hcy levels were measured at baseline in 996 women, all 75 years old. Vitamin B12, folate, serum cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), serum TRACP5b, serum osteocalcin, urine deoxypyridinoline, PTH, areal BMD (aBMD), calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS), and physical performance were assessed at baseline. Fractures and mortality were recorded during a mean follow-up of 7.0 years.
Results: Bone marker levels were higher in women with Hcy in the highest quartile compared with all other women (p &lt; 0.05). The most evident correlation between Hcy and a bone marker was seen with CTX (r = 0.19, p &lt; 0.001). aBMD (hip) was 4% lower, QUS was up to 2% lower, and gait speed was 11% slower among women with Hcy in the highest quartile compared with the other women (p &lt; 0.05). During the follow-up, 267 women sustained at least one low-energy fracture (including 69 hip fractures). When women in the highest Hcy quartile were compared with all other women, the hazard ratios (HRs) for sustaining any type of fracture was 1.18 (95% CI, 0.89–1.36) and for hip fracture was 1.50 (95% CI, 0.91–1.94). For the same group of women, the mortality risk was 2.16 (95% CI, 1.58–2.55). Adjustments for confounders did not substantially change these associations. Adjustment for PTH increased the HR for hip fracture to 1.67 (95% CI, 1.01–2.17). Low vitamin B12 or folate was not associated with increased fracture risk or mortality.
Conclusions: High Hcy levels were associated with higher bone turnover, poor physical performance, and lower BMD. There was no clear association to fracture risk. The increased mortality among women with high Hcy levels indicates that a high Hcy level may be a marker of frailty.
Dynamic Genetic Interactions Determine Odor-Guided Behavior inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Sambandan Deepa , Yamamoto Akihiko , Fanara Juan-José , Mackay Trudy F C , Anholt Robert R H 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic architecture of complex traits requires identification of the underlying genes and characterization of gene-by-gene and genotype-by-environment interactions. Behaviors that mediate interactions between organisms and their environment are complex traits expected to be especially sensitive to environmental conditions. Previous studies on the olfactory avoidance response of Drosophila melanogaster showed that the genetic architecture of this model behavior depends on epistatic networks of pleiotropic genes. We performed a screen of 1339 co-isogenic p[GT1]-element insertion lines to identify novel genes that contribute to odor-guided behavior and identified 55 candidate genes with known p[GT1]-element insertion sites. Characterization of the expression profiles of 10 p[GT1]-element insertion lines showed that the effects of the transposon insertions are often dependent on developmental stage and that hypomorphic mutations in developmental genes can elicit profound adult behavioral deficits. We assessed epistasis among these genes by constructing all possible double heterozygotes and measuring avoidance responses under two stimulus conditions. We observed enhancer and suppressor effects among subsets of these P-element-tagged genes, and surprisingly, epistatic interactions shifted with changes in the concentration of the olfactory stimulus. Our results show that the manifestation of epistatic networks dynamically changes with alterations in the environment.
Types and Rates of Sequence Evolution at the High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Locus in Hexaploid Wheat and Its Ancestral Genomes
Authors: Gu Yong Qiang , Salse Jérôme , Coleman-Derr Devin , Dupin Adeline , Crossman Curt , Lazo Gerard R , Huo Naxin , Belcram Harry , Ravel Catherine , Charmet Gilles , Charles Mathieu , Anderson Olin D , Chalhoub Boulos 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The Glu-1 locus, encoding the high-molecular-weight glutenin protein subunits, controls bread-making quality in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) and represents a recently evolved region unique to Triticeae genomes. To understand the molecular evolution of this locus region, three orthologous Glu-1 regions from the three subgenomes of a single hexaploid wheat species were sequenced, totaling 729 kb of sequence. Comparing each Glu-1 region with its corresponding homologous region from the D genome of diploid wheat, Aegilops tauschii, and the A and B genomes of tetraploid wheat, Triticum turgidum, revealed that, in addition to the conservation of microsynteny in the genic regions, sequences in the intergenic regions, composed of blocks of nested retroelements, are also generally conserved, although a few nonshared retroelements that differentiate the homologous Glu-1 regions were detected in each pair of the A and D genomes. Analysis of the indel frequency and the rate of nucleotide substitution, which represent the most frequent types of sequence changes in the Glu-1 regions, demonstrated that the two A genomes are significantly more divergent than the two B genomes, further supporting the hypothesis that hexaploid wheat may have more than one tetraploid ancestor.
The Distribution of Beneficial Mutant Effects Under Strong Selection
Authors: Barrett Rowan D H , M'Gonigle Leithen K , Otto Sarah P 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
For a general theory of adaptation, it is essential to know the distribution of fitness effects of beneficial mutations. Recent theoretical and empirical studies have made considerable progress in determining the characteristics of this distribution. To date, the experiments have largely verified the theoretical predictions. Despite the fact that the theoretical work has assumed small selection coefficients, strong selection has been observed in some experiments, especially those involving novel environments. Here, we derive the distribution of fitness effects among fixed beneficial mutants without the restriction of low selection coefficients. The fate of strongly favored alleles is less affected by stochastic drift while rare, causing the distribution of fitness effects among fixed beneficial mutations to reflect more closely the distribution among all newly arising beneficial mutations. We also find that when many alleles compete for fixation within an asexual population (clonal interference), the beneficial effects of a newly fixed mutant cannot be well estimated because of the high number of subsequent mutations that arise within the genome, regardless of whether selection is strong or weak.
Effect of the Major Repeat Sequence on Mitotic Recombination in Candida albicans
Authors: Lephart Paul R , Magee Paul T 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The major repeat sequence (MRS) is known to play a role in karyotypic variation in Candida albicans. The MRS affects karyotypic variation by expanding and contracting internal repeats, by altering the frequency of chromosome loss, and by serving as a hotspot for chromosome translocation. We proposed that the effects of the MRS on translocation could be better understood by examination of the effect of the MRS on a similar event, mitotic recombination between two chromosome homologs. We examined the frequency of mitotic recombination across an MRS of average size (∼50 kb) as well as the rate of recombination in a 325-kb stretch of DNA adjacent to the MRS. Our results indicate that mitotic recombination frequencies across the MRS were not enhanced compared to the frequencies measured across the 325-kb region adjacent to the MRS. Mitotic recombination events were found to occur throughout the 325-kb region analyzed as well as within the MRS itself. This analysis of mitotic recombination frequencies across a large portion of chromosome 5 is the first large-scale analysis of mitotic recombination done in C. albicans and indicates that mitotic recombination frequencies are similar to the rates found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
De Novo Exon Duplication in a New Allele of Mouse Glra1 (Spasmodic)
Authors: Holland Katherine D , Fleming Michelle T , Cheek Susannah , Moran Jennifer L , Beier David R , Meisler Miriam H 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The novel neurological mutant Cincinatti arose by genomic duplication of exon 5 in the glycine receptor gene Glra1. The mutant transcript results in premature protein truncation. A direct repeat of the pentamer GGGGC is present adjacent to the breakpoints and may have mediated the duplication event by a replication slippage mechanism.