bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Video Annotation in a Learning Environment
Authors: Fu Xin , Schaefer John C. , Marchionini Gary , Mu Xiangming 
Published: October 2007

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated that annotation is an important part of human reading behavior in both printed and electronic environments. Annotation in the electronic environment requires special support due to limited media affordances. We have witnessed continuous improvement of annotation functions in some electronic reading environments, such as text documents in Microsoft Word or Adobe Acrobat and images in Flickr. However, comparatively little research has been conducted to understand people's needs for making annotations when they watch videos, let alone work to develop tools to support their needs. With the increasing use of videos in many aspects of our lives, from professional activities to personal entertainment, by not only specialists but also general consumers, there is need for more efforts on designing annotation facilities for video navigation and manipulation devices. This study focuses on video annotation in a learning environment. We studied how people in a teaching assistant training class annotated videotaped instructional presentations. We attempted to understand the value of annotation in achieving their learning objectives and how video annotation functions helped in supporting their tasks. The results of this study provide implications for video annotation system design.
Where do good query terms come from?
Authors: Muresan Gheorghe , Roussinov Dmitri 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a framework for investigating the quality of different query expansion approaches, and applies it in the HARD TREC experimental setting. The intuition behind our approach is that each topic has an optimal term‐based representation, i.e. a set of terms that best describe it, and that the effectiveness of any other representation is correlated with the overlap that it has with the optimal representation. Indeed, we find that, for a wide number of candidate topic representations, obtained through various query‐expansion approaches, there is a high correlation between standard effectiveness measures (R‐P, P@10, MAP) and term overlap with what is estimated to be the optimal representation.An important conclusion of comparing different query expansion approaches is that machines are better than humans at doing statistical calculations and at estimating which query terms are more likely to discriminate documents relevant for a given topic. This explains why, in the HARD track of TREC 2005, the overall conclusion was that interaction with the searcher and elicitation of additional information could not over‐perform automatic procedures for query improvement. However, the best results are obtained from hybrid approaches, in which human relevance judgments are used by algorithms for deriving terms representations. This result suggest that the best approach in improving retrieval performance is probably to focus on implicit relevance feedback and novel interaction models based on ostention or mediation, which have shown great potential.
Understanding teachers' information needs in a time of challenge
Authors: Normore Lorraine 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAmerican schools are being asked to meet ‘high stakes’ testing goals using research‐based instruction methods. If teachers are to achieve these goals, they must become knowledgeable about the latest research‐based information on how to teach effectively. However, we know little, in general, about the information seeking behaviors of practicing teachers or about the uses to which they would put the information they seek. This focus group study explores the information needs expressed by a group of early literacy teachers. Both traditional and non‐traditional sources are identified to meet those needs and insight provided into the context of use.
The potential for web services to enhance information access to legacy data: An exploratory study and application
Authors: Oguz Fatih , Moen William E. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper presents an overview of an exploratory research project to identify, describe, and investigate the applicability of the Web services (WS) approach to access legacy data. In the Z Texas Implementation Component of the Library of Texas (ZLOT) project, the ZLOT technical team has implemented a multi‐purpose Texas Library Directory Database (TLDD) that is used as a back‐end database to support the Library of Texas (LOT) Resource Discovery Service (RDS). The researchers developed and implemented a prototype WS application to show how a legacy system can be accessed and its data can be searched and retrieved. This study focused on understanding how requests and responses between software applications are encoded in Extensible Markup Language (XML).
Ethical implications of values embedded in computational models: An exploratory study
Authors: Fleischmann Kenneth R. , Wallace William A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis NSF‐funded research study examines the role of social, cultural, and moral values in computational modeling. This project emerges at the intersection of the process of modeling and the ethics of modeling. Three hypotheses were used to guide the research: 1) that values are embedded in computational models; 2) that the ethical frameworks of the organization and the profession influence what values are embedded during the modeling process; and 3) that the success or failure of a model as a product is influenced by the values that are embedded during the modeling process. To test these hypotheses, the researchers employed a multi‐method approach to data collection and analysis, including surveys, interviews, and participant observation. After a preliminary analysis of the data, the data provide support for all three hypotheses. This study aims to contribute to the literature on the ethics of modeling by providing an in‐depth case study of the ethics and values of computational modeling. This study also makes important societal contributions, such as to improve the practice of computational modeling by demonstrating to modelers how values are embedded in the models that they produce and the ethical implications of these embedded values.
Naturalistic observation for understanding users: How technology professionals use & communicate information at work
Authors: Allard Suzie , Levine Kenneth , Tenopir Carol , Urs Shalini 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study examines how design engineers and technical professionals (hereafter referred to as engineers) in innovative high‐tech firms in the U.S. and India communicate and use information in their daily work activities including research, development, and management. By observing engineers in the workplace, it extends our understanding of the engineering workplace, and the information environment in the workplace. This study will provide information useful for improving communication and information methods for accessing information and communicating in the workplace, which will ultimately lead to better job performance, facilitate innovation, and encourage economic growth. This poster focuses on the methodology the researchers used to gather data for the study. Researchers conducted a series of daylong workplace observations with 108 engineers engaged in product design and testing in four U.S. and two India based firms. Using naturalistic observation provided researchers with the ability to see engineers in their workplace carrying out their daily work rather than depending on self‐reported data which may be incomplete. The poster focuses on the naturalistic observation method, how it was employed, and lessons learned in conducting the work in the U.S. and India.
Investigating the boundaries and substance of humanitarian actors″ information environments
Authors: Lappenbusch Steve , Kemp Randall B. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHumanitarian action organizations alleviate human suffering and prevent death. Understanding relief workers as information users and how they use (or choose not to use) information as part of a system could pay enormous dividends in human suffering reduced and lives saved. Understanding the lived experience of users “on the ground” avoids perilous mistakes, especially in humanitarian action where end users are of such utter importance in literally saving lives.
An exploration of web‐based monitoring activities
Authors: Kellar Melanie , Watters Carolyn 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWhile previous work has shown that monitoring is an emerging web activity, we have very little understanding of how users actually engage in monitoring on the Web. That is, how users complete their monitoring activities and the types of information being monitored. In this poster, we discuss the role of monitoring and present a study currently underway to further examine the role of monitoring on the Web.
Interindexer consistency, term usage, and indexer experience levels in the application of image descriptors
Authors: Beaudoin Joan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study concerns image indexing and the affect of indexer experience levels on interindexer consistency and the choice of indexing terms. Owing to the importance of concept‐based indexing for images, this investigation will provide information for the development of basic criteria for image indexing practices. Four groups of participants with varying degrees of image indexing and subject expertise will be studied through an interactive Web site. A questionnaire will gather information on indexer experience levels and basic demographic data, and an image component of the study will gather indexing terms applied by the participants. Quantitative analysis will be conducted on the data resulting from the questionnaire, while qualitative methods will be employed for analyzing the indexing terms assigned by the participants. The study will examine the multiplicity of term types applied to images (generic description, identification, and interpretation) and the degree of indexing difficulty due to the accessibility of representation and subject content of the image. It is hoped that this study will lead to a deeper understanding of the role of indexer experience in image indexing, which in turn can inform the processes utilized to enhance access to digital collections of visual materials.
A practical framework for social justice research in the information professions
Authors: Mehra Bharat , Albright Kendra S. , Rioux Kevin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a practical framework for social justice research in the information professions by sharing examples from three qualitative studies, each of which represents an information service and/or application of social justice ideals for meeting the needs of a particular underserved population. In order to develop the framework and to encourage consideration of the social justice angle within mainstream LIS discourse and practice, the three studies are examined in light of social justice elements and principles. What is common to these studies is an underlying need to bring about a change in existing power dynamics between who we as information professionals consider central and who we consider peripheral in our teaching, research, and service missions.
Contextualizing internet use practices of the cyber‐queer: Empowering information realities in everyday life
Authors: Braquet Donna , Mehra Bharat 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBased on empirical research with queer students, staff, and faculty at a typical southern university in the United States, this paper reports qualitative feedback gathered from 21 gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and questioning individuals about the use of the Internet in their everyday lives. The study shares interview data and presents participant perceptions in the form of scenarios representing their typical Internet use‐related experiences. Scenarios map intersections between participants' cyberspace practices and queer identity formation and help recognize participant Internet use experiences as significant to their individual, social, and community empowerment. Findings help to uncover multidimensional and complex realities in the everyday lives of queer people in terms of their personal growth, social networking, and political and community engagement, achieved via the use of the Internet, in ways that are meaningful to them.
So, let's talk about tagging, user‐defined/supplied descriptors … A research and curricular agenda
Authors: Abbas June , Graham Jennifer 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAs Ellyssa Kroski (Kroski, 2005) so correctly describes, “there is a revolution happening on the Internet that is alive and building momentum with each passing tag”, a revolution that, like the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW), has the potential to change the traditional ways that information is organized, found, and used. Information science professionals have long understood that good metadata shrinks the chasm between user and resource. Tagging (or metadata creation by the user) is bringing people and information together in a revolutionary fashion. Putting metadata creation into the hands of users enables users to browse for desired topics without needing to know an often outdated, Anglo‐centric controlled vocabulary that librarians and users alike do not always know or understand. However, like the early emergence and development of the Internet and WWW, this potential might not currently be informed by library and information science research, practice, or even involvement. Will this be another case where LIS researchers and professionals might feel “left behind” or “out of the loop”? Is there a role for information science professionals to educate and inform the use of folksonomies and tagging so that, in this vast world of digital information, users are even more connected with useful information, whether it be recreational, scholarly, or social?
National differences in librarians' reception to the open access movement: A comparison of the professional library literatures of China, Taiwan, and the United States
Authors: Sin Sei‐Ching Joanna , Eschenfelder Kristin R. , Lin Chi‐Shiou 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis poster describes an analysis of arguments supportive of, or critical of the Open Access (OA) movement expressed in a sample of the professional library literature from China, Taiwan and the United States during the 1998‐2005 time period. Scientific journals have played a central role in the accumulation and growth of scientific knowledge (Meadows, 1974); and the sharp rise in the price of scientific journals in recent years has led to numerous calls for publishing reform, including the development of the Open Access movement. This movement envisions a “world‐wide electronic distribution of the peer‐reviewed journal literature and completely free and unrestricted access to it by all scientists, scholars, teachers, students, and other curious minds.” Such system could “share the learning of the rich with the poor and the poor with the rich”, so that “research and education in every part of the world are that much more free to flourish” (Budapest Open Access Initiative, 2002).
Indiana's community networking movement: Websites then and now
Authors: Clodfelter Kathryn , Buente Wayne 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSpurred on by interest at the federal level by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) in reducing the "Digital Divide" between those with access to the Internet and those without it, the state of Indiana launched a community networking initiative in 1995. Dubbed "Access Indiana", the initiative ultimately funded about thirty geographically‐based community networks and created the Indiana Community Network Association (ICNA) to serve as an advocacy organization for the community networks. Contractor and Bishop (1999) define community networks as "not‐for‐profit institutions that typically provide online community information, Internet services, and user support to local residents and organizations" (p. 155).
Proxies, ties and health information seeking realities: Survey results of an african‐American community
Authors: Morey Ophelia T. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this research poster is to present preliminary findings from a telephone survey. The goal of the survey was to explore consumer health information (CHI) seeking behavior using Mark Granovetter's (1973) strength of weak ties theory as the conceptual framework. Interviewers asked 216 respondents questions to determine where individuals go to seek CHI and to explore the “closeness” of tie relationships if the respondent sought CHI from an individual and/or if the information seeking was for someone else (proxy searching)(Fisher et al., 2005). Overall, 45.3 percent of respondents sought health information from a health service professional, 14.5 percent from a web site and 9.8 percent from another source. Respondents (n=125) who looked for health information in the past six months (42.4%) sought the information from a health service professional (weak tie) and most (52.8%) identified their relationship with this person as being “somewhat close” (significant tie). Respondents who looked for health information in the past six months were more likely to have sought the information for themselves (76.2%), although 22.2 percent sought health information on behalf of another person (proxy searching), such as a child, parent, another relative or non‐relative. Women slightly more often exhibit proxy searching behavior.
Trained vs. untrained searchers' interaction with search features in digital libraries: A case study
Authors: Li Yuelin , Zhang Xiangmin , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Ying 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis case study explores how trained and untrained searchers interact with search features in a digital library. Thirty five trained and untrained searchers completed the experiment. The results indicate that the usage of the search modes is significantly associated with the participants' search training background. The study also suggests that the untrained participants prefer to accept the system's default search field and search results display format. The suggestions for improving the interaction design in IEEE Xplore digital library are proposed and future studies are addressed.
Blog commenting: A new political information space
Authors: Walker Dana M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThough still a small subsection of the internet, weblogs are becoming an increasingly prominent space for finding and discussing information ‐ in particular political information. But because of their newness, the question remains as to what are the possible implications of political blogs on people's current information reality. As a way to better understand political blogs as a space for gaining political information and also discussing that information, a pilot study was developed whose main focus was to understand the nature of the comments posted to political blogs. There has been much speculation in the popular and scholarly press about the possible democratic implications of people writing blogs, with claims that the medium opens up a new space for deliberation and participation. However, little work has focused on blog commenters ‐ the people who are reading blogs and responding based on what they have read. And yet, to understand the blogosphere as a new deliberative or political information space, it is critical to analyze those who are engaging in the discussion. Therefore, this study focuses not on the principal authors of popular blog sites but the readers who are inspired to post their responses.
An investigation of query expansion terms
Authors: Muresan Gheorghe 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis poster describes a framework for investigating the effectiveness of query expansion term sets and reports the results of an investigation on the quality of query expansion terms coming from different sources: pseudo‐relevance feedback, web‐based expansion, interactive elicitations from human searchers, and expansion approaches based on query clarity.The conclusion regarding the experimental framework is that certain different evaluation approaches show a substantial level of correlation, and can therefore be used interchangeably according to convenience considerations.With regard to the actual comparison of different sources of expansion terms, the conclusion is that machines are better than humans at doing statistical calculations and at estimating which query terms are more likely to discriminate documents relevant for a given topic. One consequence is a recommendation for research in implicit relevance feedback approaches and novel interaction models based on ostention or mediation, which have shown great potential.
Spatialized information visualizations: a “BASSTEP” approach to application design
Authors: Julien Charles‐Antoine , Bouthillier France , Leide John 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLarge result sets stemming from topical queries on the Web tend to cause disorientation and are often reduced to a manageable size through successive exclusions (NOTing) and/or restrictions (ANDing) which also reject relevant documents. The information visualization (IV) technique known as spatialization is a scalable automatic process creating a topographical map metaphor of the semantic information space. The domain of IV offers many prototypes, some controlled experiments but few low‐cost testing methods which are critical in the early stages of the design process. This communication reports on efforts to adapt the low‐cost BASSTEP approach to the evaluation of the IV technique known as spatialization by isolating and evaluating (using paper mock‐ups) information features of a spatialized Web corpus in the context of Web IR. Six (6) semi‐structured formative interviews provide a list of most expected initial user interpretations of four (4) features and three (3) additional interviews attempt to triangulate the findings when these features are integrated into a single interface mock‐up. This work hopes to verify if the application of the BASSTEP approach is applicable to spatialized visualisations early in the design process improving the usability of this visual IR tool.
How chemists are really finding and using information in our digital environment
Authors: Brown Cecelia , Blake Catherine , Rogers Brown E. Ashley , Tenopir Carol 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe quantity of information available to scientists continues to increase alarmingly with the top 418 journals having published more than 110,000 articles in 2002. Chemists are particularly prone to this information overload because they have more personal journal subscriptions (Noble & Coughlin 1997), read more articles (Tenopir et al. 2003), and access more journals than other scientists (Davis & Solla 2003). This quantity of information makes it difficult to stay current as well as explore new connections between articles. To ensure the provision and improvement of access to this essential element of scientific productivity and innovation it is critical that information scientists understand how the print and digital information explosion is influencing the information behavior of scientists.To elucidate the information sources chemists are using, two studies employing citation analysis of American Chemical Society (ACS) journals will be discussed. The third study employs interviews to describe the role of the literature in chemists' discovery processes. The goal is to provide a realistic snapshot of the current information behavior of chemists in order to assist in the creation, design, and delivery of information products and services for the support of the research, teaching, and creative activities of chemists and scientists in general.