bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Athiopische Thysanopteren iiberwiegend aus dem Massiv des Mount Elgon in Kenya (Insecta, Thysanoptera)1
Authors: zur Strassen Richard 
Published: May 2008

Abstractzur Strassen, R. (Forschungs‐Institut und Natur‐Museum Senckenberg, Frankfur/Main, GFR.) Äthiopische Thysanopteren überwiegend aus dem Massiv des Mount Elgon in Kenya (Insecta, Thysanoptera). Zool. Scripta 1(2): 85–105, 1972.–The paper deals with the first part of a study of a collection of East African Thysanoptera yielded by Dr Å. Holm, Uppsala (Sweden), during four expeditions in Kenya (in 1937/38, 1948, 1964/65, 1969). Most of the lots discussed below by the present author were taken on the eastern slopes of Mount Elgon, an isolated mountain of an altitude of more than 4 320 m (ca. 14 180 ft.) at the boundary between Kenya and Uganda. The majority of the specimens has actually been taken from debris and ground litter found in both the savanna region (approx. 2 000–2 200 m) and in the lower part of the rain forest (approx. 2 300–2 500 m). Three genera are described below as new, all belonging to the Phlaeothripidae (Elgonima gen. n., Hapelothrips gen. n., Holmiella gen. n.), and seven species have been recognized as new to science (Taeniothrips holmi sp. n., Adraneothrips opacus sp. n., Elgonima seticeps sp. n., Hapelothrips albipes sp. n., Holmiella nigrita sp. n., Hoplothrips mendosus sp. n., Malacothrips jaurei sp. n.). Further eight species are recorded for the first time from Kenya. Altogether 25 species are discussed in this paper.ZusammenfassungAus mehreren Aufsamm'.ungen von Thysanopteren aus Kenya werden 25 Arten besprochen. Sieben Spezies haben sich als neu für die Wissenschaft erwiesen, von denen drei Arten in jeweils neue Gattungen gestellt werden (Taeniothrips holmi sp. n., Adraneothrips opacus sp. n., Elgonima seticeps gen. n. sp. n., Hapelothrips albipes gen. n. sp. n., Holmiella nigrita gen. n. sp. n., Hoplothrips mendosus sp. n., Malacothrips jaurei sp. n.). Weitere acht Arten sind neu für die Fauna von Kenya.
Flight Characteristics of Two Plume Moths, Alucita pentadacty/a L. and Orneodes hexadactyla L. (Microlepidoptera)
Authors: Norberg R. Åke 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNorberg, R. Å. (Department of Zoology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.) Flight characteristics of two plume moths, Alucita pentadactyla L. and Orneodes hexadactyla L. (Microlepidoptera). Zool. Scripta 1 (6): 241–246,1972.–Multiple exposure photographs of up to 100 exposures/sec were taken on two plume moth species in free, unrestrained flight, in order to determine approximate lift/drag ratios and other functional characteristics of their wings, which are of a remarkable structure for insects of this size. In Alucita the forewing is cleft in two fringed lobes, the hind‐wing in three, while in Orneodes both forewing and hindwing are deeply cleft in six very narrow, fringed lobes. Wing stroke frequencies are ca. 33 Hz in A. pentadactyla and ca. 40 Hz in O. hexadactyla. During both the downstroke and the upstroke the fringed wing lobes lie edge against edge, thus forming a continuous wing surface. The upstroke seems to contribute no useful forces in A. pentadactyla, possibly some propulsive force in O. hexadactyla. The wings are strongly supinated in the upstroke to minimize drag. From relative wind diagrams, lift/drag ratios of 1.1 and 1.4 (minimum values) can be read for A. pentadactyla and O. hexadactyla, respectively. It is thus clear that these species do not make more use of drag forces than of lift forces. However, in A. pentadactyla the drag force in the downstroke may be almost as large as the lift force. Since drag certainly is small in the upstroke, the drag force probably contributes significantly to useful forces for flight in A. pentadactyla. These plume moths operate at Reynolds numbers of ca. 700. Reynolds numbers are calculated for very small insects. It is obvious that the wings of the smallest insects must be operating at Reynolds numbers of about 1. The fringed wings of small insects are briefly discussed.
Pipunculidae (Diptera) of the 1934 Swedish Expedition to Burma
Authors: Hardy D. Elmo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHardy, D. E. (Department of Entomology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hi., USA.) Pipunculidae (Diptera) of the 1934 Swedish expedition to Burma. Zool. Scripta 1(3–4): 121–138, 1972.–The collection of Pipunculidae made in Burma by Rene Malaise contained approximately forty species in five genera and four subgenera and is probably a thorough sampling of the species which occur in the Kambaiti area of N.E. Burma. Eleven new species are being described: Dorylomorpha latifrons sp.n., D. stenozona sp.n., Pipunculus (Cephalops) dolosus sp.n., P. (Cephalops) fimbriatus sp.n., P. (Cephalops) validus sp.n., P. (Cephalosphaera) reduncus sp.n., P. (Cephalosphaera) tingens sp.n., P. (Eudorylas) burmanicus sp.n., P. (Eudorylas) colossus sp.n., P. (Eudorylas) giganteus sp.n., and P. (Eudorylas) malaisei sp.n. Several other species, probably new ones, are indicated but not being described until further specimens can be studied. The majority of the species are new records for Burma.
Cingula globuloides sp.n. (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) from Northern Atlantic
Authors: Warén Anders 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWarén, A. (Department of Zoology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.) Cingula globuloides sp.n. (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) from northern Atlantic. Zool. Scripta 1(3–4): 191–192, 1972. –Cingula globuloides sp.n. is described from the northern Atlantic. This species has earlier been confused with Cingula globulus (Möller, 1842). The distinctive characteristics and distribution of C. globulus are given.
Ecological and Historic‐Zoogeographic Influences on Concepts of the Genus as Demonstrated in Certain Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera)
Authors: Scherer Gerhard 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIt is proposed that taxonomists make more frequent use of the hierarchic category “subgenus” for classifying infra‐generic groups of species of common phylogenic origin and which share characters in common, rather than to over‐rank such species‐groups as separate genera through unwarranted splitting. Reality of the genus as a biological entity is demonstrated via considerations of geologic, paleoclimatic, and associated ecological phenomena. Geologic events of the Tertiary are used to explain the origin of many of our genera. Examples are given of certain Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) which have evolved at different times and under different circumstances.
Further Studies on the Genus Hypoblepharina Böhmig (Turbellaria, Dalyellioida), with Description of H. serrifera sp. n.
Authors: Karling Tor G. , Nilsson Anne‐Marie 
Published: May 2008

Abstract H. serrifera is described and supplementary information given on H. boehmigi. The material of both species was collected from the brood pouch of amphipods, H. serrifera from Orchomene no‐dimanus (Walker). The studies complete our general picture of the anatomy of the genus Hypoblepharina and support the theory that all the species of this genus are commensals in amphipods.
Données expérimentales sur la valeur des marques squelettiques comme indicateur de l‘âge chez Vipera aspis (L.) (Ophidia, Viperidae)
Authors: Castanet Jacques , Naulleau Guy 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAfter a preliminary descriptive study of the “skeletal growth marks” often used among snakes as an empirical age index, this paper deals with the first experimental results. (1) On Vipera aspis grown from birth under controlled, constant conditions and hence of known age, the number of skeletal growth marks is closely related to animal size, but this size has no relationship with individual age. (2) On Vipera aspis submitted to seasonal variations under experimental conditions and bone labelled with fluorochromes, the number of growth marks added to the skeleton during the experimental study (two years) seems to be in accordance with this duration. This would demonstrate, at least theoretically, a relationship between skeletal growth marks and individual age, as well as incidences of environment conditions. These results are discussed.RésuméAprés une étude préliminaire descriptive sur la structure des marques squelettiques de croissance qui, chez les serpents sont utilisées de façon empirique comme indicateur de l'âge, le présent travail fait état de premiers résultats expérimentaux. (1) Chez des Vipères aspic élevées depuis leur naissance dans des conditions constantes, contrôlées (il s'agit donc d'animaux d'âge connu), le nombre de marques squelettiques est étroitement liéà la taille des animaux, mais comme elle, n'a plus dans ces conditions expérimentales de rapport avec l'âge. (2) Chez des Vipères subissant leur cycle saisonnier sous conditions expérimentales et dont on marque in vivo par fluorochromes le tissu osseux, le nombre de marques squelettiques mis en place pendant la durée de l'expérience (2 ans) correspond sensiblement à cette durée. Ceci tend à confirmer, en théorie, la relation entre les marques squelettiques et l'âge individuel et son interaction avec les conditions d'environnement. Nous discutons ces résultats.
Morpho‐karyological Types of Dugesia (Turbellaria, Tricladida) in Israel and Their Distribution Patterns
Authors: Bromley Heather J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPopulations of Dugesia in Israel have been classified on morphological and karyological criteria into 5 types. Two of these are morphologically similar to the Dugesia lugubris group (n = 4) but differ karyologically (Types 1 and 2: n=8), and three types are morphologically similar to the Dugesia gonocephala group (n= 8) but two differ karyologically (Types 4 and 5: n= 9). The three ‘gonocephala’ types are distributed in three distinct areas of Israel with little overlap, while the two ‘lugubris’ types are found in springs of one of these areas, The Rift Valley, where special localised conditions prevail. Possible relationships between Types 3, 4 and 5 are discussed with particular reference to their karyotypes and the presence of supernumerary chromosomes in Type 5.
The Proboscis Armature of Turbellaria‐Kalyptorhynchia, a Derivative of the Basement Lamina?
Authors: Rieger Reinhard M. , Doe David A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe fine structure analysis of the proboscis teeth in the genusCarcharodorhynchusMeixner and of the proboscis hooks in the genusDiascorhynchusMeixner revealed that these structures are not derived from local cuticularizations of the epidermis, but rather are closely associated with the basement lamina of the proboscis sheath epithelium. InDiascorhynchusthe hooks are specializations within the basement lamina enclosing the proboscis. The proboscis teeth inCarcharodorhynchusseem to be either an intracellular differentiation within the modified proboscis sheath epithelium or, as inDiascorhynchus, a derivative of the basement lamina. The latter is supported by the finding of similar, dermal teeth clearly derived from the basement lamina in the body wall of several species of the genusCarcharodorhynchus.It appears from this study that most “cutic‐ular” differentiations of the body wall in Turbellaria are either derivatives of the basement lamina or of the cytoplasm of the epidermis cells. These considerations are discussed in the light of possible evolutionary pathways leading from a ciliated epidermis (e.g. free‐living acoelomates) to a cuticularized hypodermis (e.g. Aschelmimhes and Articulata).
On the Systematic Position of Rhyacodrilus prostatus Knöllner (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae)
Authors: Erséus Christer 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNew material of the marine tubificid Rhyacodrilus prostatus Knöllner, 1935 is examined and redescribed as Phallodrilus prostatus (Knöllner) comb. n. The main reason for the decision of this systematic position is the presence of a second pair of prostate glands, previously not reported, attached to the ectal end of the atria.
Fine Structure of the Organ of Bellonci (SPX) in Boreomysis arctica (Kroyer) (Crustacea, Mysidacea)
Authors: Kauri Tiit , Dahl Erik 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe organ of Bellonci (oB) in Boreomysis arctica (Krøyer) is described. The fine structure of the organ is found to agree with that of the oB among other investigated peracarideans. The difficulties met by Chaigneau in 1971 when homologizing the organs in B. arctica and in the Isopoda have been eliminated. Into the cavity of the oB, (probably) sensory neurones protrude. The perikarya of the neurones are found in the wall of the oB. On the dendrites there are subterminal dendritic swellings from which dendritic branches and cilia arise. The branching dendrites are characteristic of the oB in B. arctica. Also the cilia branch, thus increasing the amount of sensory membranes in the organ.
The Mouthparts in Some North Atlantic Species of the Genus Orchomene Boeck (Crustacea, Amphipoda)
Authors: Olerod Roy 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe mouthparts of five North Atlantic species of the genus Orchomene have been studied in detail. The species are: O. serrata (Boeck, 1861), O. amblyops G. O. Sars, 1890, O. crispata (Goes, 1866). O. humilis (A. Costa, 1853) and O. pectinate. G. O. Sars, 1882. The structure of the mandibular molar has been studied with the aid of the scanning electron microscope. Some features of the mouthparts, common to the species examined, are interpreted as generic criteria which should justify retaining the genus Orchomene Boeck, 1870, separated from the closely related genera OrchomeneUa G. O. Sars, 1890, and Orchomenopsis G. O. Sars. 1891.
Le lophophore—structure significative des Lophophorates (Brachiopodes, Bryozoaires, Phoronidiens)
Authors: Emig Christian C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEmig, C. C. (Station Marine d'Endoume, F‐13007 Marseille, France.) Le lophophore — structure significative des Lophophorates (Brachiopodes, Bryozoaires, Phoronidiens). Zool. Scr. 5 (3–4): 133–137, 1976. — The term lophophore is defined and must be applied only in Lophophorata (i.e. Bryozoa, Brachiopoda, and Phoronida); it differs considerably from other tentacle‐bearing structures, as found in annelids, pogono‐phores, and entoprocts. Although bilaterally symmetrical, the shape of the lophophore varies greatly. It appears to function similarly in all types. The lophophoral functions are briefly described (food collecting, respiratory, defensive, brooding, etc). The resemblance of the lophophore to similar structures in Archimerata is obvious. The affinity with the ancestral form of the Archimerata is discussed.ResuméLe terme lophophore est défini; il ne peut ētre appliqué qu'aux Lophophorates (Brachiopodes, Bryozoaires, Phoronidiens), car il se distingue de toutes les autres structures tentaculées (telles celles des Annélides, Pogonophores, Entoproctes). La forme du lophophore, à symétrie bilatérale, présente de nombreuses configurations dont toutes ont des fonctions similaires. Ces différentes fonctions sont brièvement décrites. Le lophophore a indéniablement une signification phylogénétique, notamment au sein du concept Archimerata.
Reticular Specializations in Photoreceptors: a Review
Authors: Whittle Andy C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWhittle, A. C.(Department of Zoology, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK).Reticular specializations in pholoreceptors: a review. Zool. Scr. 5 (5): 191–206, 1976.—Photoreceptors synthesize opsins which form either stable or unstable metarhodopsins. In the former case reticular specializations are located in the sensory cell (cones and microvillar types) whereas in the latter (rods) they are found in the supporting cells. The specialized reticulum takes various forms; myeloid; paracrystalline; vesicular and submicrovillar; and probably serves as a storage site for vitamin A compounds. In some invertebrates they are implicated in regeneration of visual pigment, whereas in vertebrates they are involved in vitamin A1/A2 interconversion—each process being mediated by an associated opsin‐like substance.
Hesiolicium gen.n. (Turbellaria Acoela) and Observations on Its Ultrastructure
Authors: Crezée Michael , Tyler Seth 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCrezée, M. (University of Florida Marine Laboratory, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA) and Tyler, S. Hesiolicium gen.n. (Turbellaria Acoela) and observations on its ultrastructure. Zool. Scr. 5 (5): 207–216, 1976. —Hesiolicium inops gen.n., sp.n. is a thin and elongate protandric hermaphrodite from the marine interstitial environment. The male pore, with no accessory organs, lies just posterior to the mouth, with no pharynx. The dorsal ovary, lateral testes, adhesive papillae and a caudal organ are other features. The posterior and midventral adhesive papillae are bundles of haptocilia up to 22 μm long. In a crook near their base these adhesive cilia have three microtubule doublets displaced from the rest of the axoneme, giving the crook region a figure‐eight cross section. The caudal organ is a complex of cilium‐bearing sensory cells, large gland cells and modified muscle and epidermal cells. The rootlets of epidermal cilia and the two axial units of the sperm are as described for other acoels. Principally because of the haptocilia, Hesiolicium is provisionally placed in the Paratomellidae.
What Chance of Change for Africa?
Authors: Spark David 
Published: May 2008

Book reviewed in this article:Power and Need in Africa. By Ben WisnerThe State and Agriculture in Africa. Edited by Thandika Mkandawire and Naceur BourenaneRural Transformation in Tropical Africa. Edited by Douglas RimmerThe IMF and the World Bank in Africa. Edited by Kjell J . HavnevikMobilizing Appropriate Technology. Edited by Matthew S. GamserIndian Agriculture: A Policy Perspective. By B.M. Bhatia
Measuring Environmental Impact
Authors: Winpenny J. T. 
Published: May 2008

Book reviewed in this article:Economic Analysis of the Environmental Impacts of Development Projects. By John A. Dixon, Richard A. Carpenter, Louise A. Fallon, Paul B. Sherman and Supachit ManipomokeThe Jonglei Canal: Impact and Opportunity. Edited by Paul Howell, Michael Lock and Stephen CobbWasting Assets: Natural Resources in the National Income Accounts. By Robert Repetto, William Magrath, Michael Wells, Christine Beer and Fabrizio Rossini
Developing Country Debt Research: Where Do We Go From Here?
Authors: Martin Matthew 
Published: May 2008

Book reviewed in this article:Managing World Debt. Edited by S . Griffith‐JonesInternational Capital Markets: Developments and Prospects. By an IMF Staff TeamMultilateral Official Debt Rescheduling: Recent Experience. By P.M. Keller with N.E. WeerasingheAfrican Debt: The Case for Relief for Sub‐Saharan Africa. By P.S. MistryThe International Debt Crisis of the Third World. By P. Nunnenkamp.The African Debt Crisis. By T.W. Parfitt and S.P. RileyDeveloping Country Debt: the Budgetary and Transfer Problem. By H. Reisen and A. van TrotsenburgLatin American Debt and the Adjustment Crisis. Edited by R. Thorp and L. WhiteheadVoluntary Approaches to Debt Relief. By J. Williamson
New Approaches to Agricultural Research?
Authors: Farrington John 
Published: May 2008

Book reviewed in this article:Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer. By I. ArnonFarmer First: Farmer Innovation and Agricultural Research. Edited by Robert Chambers, Arnold Pacey and Lori‐Ann ThruppGender Issues in Farming Systems Research and Extension. Edited by Susan V. Poats, Marianne Schmink and Anita SpringExtension Science: Information Systems in Agricultural Development. By Niels Röling
The Urbanization Question: Deficient Evidence and Mistaken Diagnosis
Authors: Crook Nigel 
Published: May 2008

Book reviewed in this article:The Living City: Towards a Sustainable Future. Edited by David Cadman and Geoffrey PayneThe Urbanization of the Third World. Edited by Josef GuglerHousing Africa's Urban Poor. Edited by Philip Amis and Peter LloydHousing and Economic Adjustment. United Nations
Aid Without Power
Authors: Hewitt Adrian 
Published: May 2008

Book reviewed in this article:Western Middle Powers and Global Poverty. The Determinants of the Aid Policies of Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. Edited by Olav StokkeThe Emergence of Japan's Foreign Aid Power. By Robert M. Orr Jr.Development Cooperation, 1990 Report. Efforts and Policies of the Members of the Development Assistance Committee. OECD Development Assistance Committee
Evolving Socio‐economic Conditions in Central and Eastern Europe: A Myrdalian View
Authors: Angresano James 
Published: May 2008

SummaryThe debate about the effects of transformation policies will continue, given the impossibility of isolating their impact while holding constant other factors responsible for performance. However, one conclusion that can be drawn is that, using comparable performance indicators, trends in China, except for inflation and political democracy, are either similar to or more positive than corresponding results in CEE (Chai, 1992; Field, 1992; Harrold, 1993; Yeh, 1992). In nearly every year since 1978 China's actual performance has exceeded that planned, while in CEE the decline in economic activity following the implementation of transformation measures has consistently exceeded the most pessimistic forecasts of policy‐makers and their foreign advisers. In consequence, the social and economic costs borne by the Chinese during their transformation have been much less than in CEE.Based upon his own goals and assessment of CEE policies and their expected and actual consequences (see Tables 1 and 2). Myrdal would evaluate the performance of CEE economies as relatively poor6 Negative assessments would be accorded to social and economic equalisation, rise in productivity, rise in living standards, and social discipline and rational planning. He would find both positive and negative aspects for each of the other four criteria.7 Overall, he would evaluate the ‘tendencies’ as unfavourable because of the absence of any clear positive trends throughout the region. This evaluation, combined with the comparison with China, calls into question the efficacy of CEE policies based upon the assumption that transformation requires rapid privatisation, elimination of subsidies to state‐owned enterprises, and stabilisation measures prior to institutional reforms, or that the state ought to adopt a passive role concerning supply‐side responses during the transformation process. As the consummate political economist, Myrdal would criticise CEE goals and policies and suggest alternatives consistent with his value premises and his theory of development.
SHORT REVIEWS
Authors: Matthews Victoria 
Published: May 2008

Book reviewed in this article: Kalmia: The Laurel Book II. R. A. Janes. Hemerocallis, The Daylily. R. W. Munson, Jr. Tropicals. G. Courtright. 155 pp., 563 colour photos. Herbaceous Perennial Plants. A. M. Armitage. 646 pp., 96 colour photos, 160 line drawings. Once upon a Windowsill. T. Martin. 303 pp., 100 historical engravings. Orchid Biology: Reviews and Perspectives V. ed. J. Arditti. 451 pp., 51 black‐and‐white illustrations. Born in the Spring: a collection of spring wildflowers. June Carver Roberts. 159 pp., 90 water‐colour paintings and line drawings. The Flower Colour Directory. John Dale & Kevin Gunnell. 192 pp., many colour photographs.
Rated funniness and dissimilarity of figures Divergence from expectancy
Authors: NERHARDT GÖRAN 
Published: May 2008

Abstract.— Three experiments were conducted to test whether funniness of a stimulus could be interpreted as a function of divergence from expenctancy concerning the stimulus as a member of different classes.Stimuli were combinations of two moving, successive, non‐representational figures projected onto two screens. Funniness of the figure to the right was rated, as was divergence in qualities between the figure to the right and the preceeding one on the left. The main prediction was that data would show a decrease after an increase in funniness with increasing divergence for a certain right‐hand stimulus. An increase should reflect a series of similar classes, a decrease a transition to another series. In some instances a decrease did occur after an increase, as predicted; in others the series of combinations seemed to overlap. Funniness could be interpreted as formulated initially.