bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of Multilocus Sequencing for Studying Variation Within a Major Clone: Evolutionary Relationships of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Hu Honghua , Lan Ruiting , Reeves Peter R 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Serovar Typhimurium of Salmonella enterica is a model organism for studies of pathogenesis that exhibits phage-type variation and variation in host range and virulence, but in a recent study showed no sequence variation in four genes, indicating the clonal nature of this serovar. We determined the relationships of 46 Typhimurium isolates of nine phage types using mutational changes detected either by matching AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) fragments to computer-modeled LT2 AFLP fragments or by sequencing intergenic regions. Fifty-one polymorphic sites were detected, which gave a single phylogenetic tree. Comparison with genome sequences of five other serovars, Typhi, Paratyphi A, Gallinarum, Enteritidis, and Pullorum, enabled determination of the root of the tree. Only two parallel events were observed, giving high confidence in the tree branching order. The mutation-based tree provided a high level of consistency and a clear lineage for the Typhimurium isolates studied. This enabled us to show that for seven of the nine phage types used, the isolates studied have a single origin, but that two phage types clearly have more than one independent origin. We found that sequencing intergenic regions provides a good strategy for detection of mutational polymorphisms and study of phylogenetic relationships of closely related isolates and would be applicable to many other species.
Interaction Between Hormonal Signaling Pathways in Drosophila melanogaster as Revealed by Genetic Interaction Between Methoprene-tolerant and Broad-Complex
Authors: Wilson Thomas G , Yerushalmi Yoram , Donnell David M , Restifo Linda L 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) regulates insect development by a poorly understood mechanism. Application of JH agonist insecticides to Drosophila melanogaster during the ecdysone-driven onset of metamorphosis results in lethality and specific morphogenetic defects, some of which resemble those in mutants of the ecdysone-regulated Broad-Complex (BR-C). The Methoprene-tolerant (Met) bHLH–PAS gene mediates JH action, and Met mutations protect against the lethality and defects. To explore relationships among these two genes and JH, double mutants were constructed between Met alleles and alleles of each of the BR-C complementation groups: broad (br), reduced bristles on palpus (rbp), and 2Bc. Defects in viability and oogenesis were consistently more severe in rbp Met or br Met double mutants than would be expected if these genes act independently. Additionally, complementation between BR-C mutant alleles often failed when MET was absent. Patterns of BRC protein accumulation during metamorphosis revealed essentially no difference between wild-type and Met-null individuals. JH agonist treatment did not block accumulation of BRC proteins. We propose that MET and BRC interact to control transcription of one or more downstream effector genes, which can be disrupted either by mutations in Met or BR-C or by application of JH/JH agonist, which alters MET interaction with BRC.
SIZ1/SIZ2 Control of Chromosome Transmission Fidelity Is Mediated by the Sumoylation of Topoisomerase II
Authors: Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Yong-Gonzalez Vladimir , Kikuchi Yoshiko , Strunnikov Alexander 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The Smt3 (SUMO) protein is conjugated to substrate proteins through a cascade of E1, E2, and E3 enzymes. In budding yeast, the E3 step in sumoylation is largely controlled by Siz1p and Siz2p. Analysis of Siz− cells shows that SUMO E3 is required for minichromosome segregation and thus has a positive role in maintaining the fidelity of mitotic transmission of genetic information. Sumoylation of the carboxy-terminus of Top2p, a known SUMO target, is mediated by Siz1p and Siz2p both in vivo and in vitro. Sumoylation in vitro reveals that Top2p is an extremely potent substrate for Smt3p conjugation and that chromatin-bound Top2p can still be sumoylated, unlike many other SUMO substrates. By combining mutations in the TOP2 sumoylation sites and the SIZ1 and SIZ2 genes we demonstrate that the minichromosome segregation defect and dicentric minichromosome stabilization, both characteristic for Smt3p–E3-deficient cells, are mediated by the lack of Top2p sumoylation in these cells. A role for Smt3p-modification as a signal for Top2p targeting to pericentromeric regions was suggested by an analysis of Top2p–Smt3p fusion. We propose a model for the positive control of the centromeric pool of Top2p, required for high segregation fidelity, by Smt3p modification.
Chromosome Inversions, Local Adaptation and Speciation
Authors: Kirkpatrick Mark , Barton Nick 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
We study the evolution of inversions that capture locally adapted alleles when two populations are exchanging migrants or hybridizing. By suppressing recombination between the loci, a new inversion can spread. Neither drift nor coadaptation between the alleles (epistasis) is needed, so this local adaptation mechanism may apply to a broader range of genetic and demographic situations than alternative hypotheses that have been widely discussed. The mechanism can explain many features observed in inversion systems. It will drive an inversion to high frequency if there is no countervailing force, which could explain fixed differences observed between populations and species. An inversion can be stabilized at an intermediate frequency if it also happens to capture one or more deleterious recessive mutations, which could explain polymorphisms that are common in some species. This polymorphism can cycle in frequency with the changing selective advantage of the locally favored alleles. The mechanism can establish underdominant inversions that decrease heterokaryotype fitness by several percent if the cause of fitness loss is structural, while if the cause is genic there is no limit to the strength of underdominance that can result. The mechanism is expected to cause loci responsible for adaptive species-specific differences to map to inversions, as seen in recent QTL studies. We discuss data that support the hypothesis, review other mechanisms for inversion evolution, and suggest possible tests.
Comparison of Quantitative Trait Loci for Adaptive Traits Between Oak and Chestnut Based on an Expressed Sequence Tag Consensus Map
Authors: Casasoli Manuela , Derory Jeremy , Morera-Dutrey Caroline , Brendel Oliver , Porth Ilga , Guehl Jean-Marc , Villani Fiorella , Kremer Antoine 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
A comparative genetic and QTL mapping was performed between Quercus robur L. and Castanea sativa Mill., two major forest tree species belonging to the Fagaceae family. Oak EST-derived markers (STSs) were used to align the 12 linkage groups of the two species. Fifty-one and 45 STSs were mapped in oak and chestnut, respectively. These STSs, added to SSR markers previously mapped in both species, provided a total number of 55 orthologous molecular markers for comparative mapping within the Fagaceae family. Homeologous genomic regions identified between oak and chestnut allowed us to compare QTL positions for three important adaptive traits. Colocation of the QTL controlling the timing of bud burst was significant between the two species. However, conservation of QTL for height growth was not supported by statistical tests. No QTL for carbon isotope discrimination was conserved between the two species. Putative candidate genes for bud burst can be identified on the basis of colocations between EST-derived markers and QTL.
Loss of Hsp70 in Drosophila Is Pleiotropic, With Effects on Thermotolerance, Recovery From Heat Shock and Neurodegeneration
Authors: Gong Wei J , Golic Kent G 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe heat-shock response is a programmed change in gene expression carried out by cells in response to environmental stress, such as heat. This response is universal and is characterized by the synthesis of a small group of conserved protein chaperones. In Drosophila melanogaster the Hsp70 chaperone dominates the profile of protein synthesis during the heat-shock response. We recently generated precise deletion alleles of the Hsp70 genes of D. melanogaster and have used those alleles to characterize the phenotypes of Hsp70-deficient flies. Flies with Hsp70 deletions have reduced thermotolerance. We find that Hsp70 is essential to survive a severe heat shock, but is not required to survive a milder heat shock, indicating that a significant degree of thermotolerance remains in the absence of Hsp70. However, flies without Hsp70 have a lengthened heat-shock response and an extended developmental delay after a non-lethal heat shock, indicating Hsp70 has an important role in recovery from stress, even at lower temperatures. Lack of Hsp70 also confers enhanced sensitivity to a temperature-sensitive lethal mutation and to the neurodegenerative effects produced by expression of a human polyglutamine disease protein.
On the Sample Size Requirement in Genetic Association Tests When the Proportion of False Positives Is Controlled
Authors: Zou Guohua , Zuo Yijun 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWith respect to the multiple-tests problem, recently an increasing amount of attention has been paid to control the false discovery rate (FDR), the positive false discovery rate (pFDR), and the proportion of false positives (PFP). The new approaches are generally believed to be more powerful than the classical Bonferroni one. This article focuses on the PFP approach. It demonstrates via examples in genetic association studies that the Bonferroni procedure can be more powerful than the PFP-control one and also shows the intrinsic connection between controlling the PFP and controlling the overall type I error rate. Since controlling the PFP does not necessarily lead to a desired power level, this article addresses the design issue and recommends the sample sizes that can attain the desired power levels when the PFP is controlled. The results in this article also provide rough guidance for the sample sizes to achieve the desired power levels when the FDR and especially the pFDR are controlled.
Deep-well pumping in the Bangkok Plain and its influence on ground improvement development with surcharge and vertical drains
Authors: Balasubramaniam A. S. , Oh E.Y.N. , Bolton M. W. , Bergado D. T. , Phienwej N. 
Published: October 2005

The Bangkok subsoil that forms part of the larger Chao Phraya Plain consists of a broad basin filled with sedimentary soil deposits that form alternate layers of sand, gravel and clay. The depth of the bedrock is still undetermined, but its level in the Bangkok area is known to vary between 400 m and 1800 m deep. The aquifer system beneath the city area is very complex, and the deep-well pumping from the aquifers over the last 50 years or so has caused substantial piezometric drawdown in the upper soft and highly compressible clay layer. In this paper, the influence of the piezometric drawdown on the performance of vertical drains with surcharge on the upper clay layer is examined. Instrumented test embankments were built and the performance of large-diameter sand drains, sand wicks and prefabricated vertical drains was examined. A novel interpretation technique was adopted to evaluate the settlements from pore pressure dissipation and to compare with those measured directly from settlement measurements. Le sous-sol de Bangkok qui forme une partie de la plaine plus vaste de Chao Phraya est constitué d'un large bassin rempli de dépô ts sédimentaires qui forment des couches alternées de sable, de gravier et d'argile. La profondeur du lit rocheux reste indéterminée mais on sait que son niveau dans la zone de Bangkok se situe entre 400 m et 1800 m de profondeur. Le système aquifère sous la ville est très complexe et un pompage à puits profonds au cours des 50 dernières années a causé une baisse substantielle du niveau piézométrique dans la couche argileuse supérieure molle et hautement compressible. Dans cet exposé, nous examinons l'influence de la baisse piézométrique sur la performance de drains verticaux surchargés sur la couche argileuse supérieure. Des berges de contrôle instrumentées ont é té construites et la performance de drains de sable de gros diamètre, de mèches de sable et de drains verticaux préfabriqués a été é tudiée. Nous avons adopté une technique d'interprétation innovante pour é valuer les tassements d'après la dissipation de la pression interstitielle et pour les mesures de tassement directes.
Influence of fly ash and lime on plasticity characteristics of residual lateritic soil
Authors: Goswami R. K. , Singh B. 
Published: October 2005

Residual lateritic soils, developed in tropical and similar other climates associated with high temperature and abundant rainfall, are widely used as fill material for various construction activities. The effective use of these soils is often hindered by difficulty in handling them, particularly under moist and wet conditions typical of tropical regions. An attempt has been made to study the plasticity behaviour of a residually derived lateritic soil mixed with a low-calcium fly ash and lime. Three proportions of soil and fly ash were used, with the maximum amount of soil replaced with fly ash limited to 50%. Lime was added in quantities varying from 1% to 8% of the dry weight of soil or soil-fly ash mix. Atterberg limits were determined for the mixes after different curing periods up to 56 days. Owing to the presence of sesquioxides in the residual lateritic soil, unlike other soils, the addition of the low-calcium fly ash caused a decrease in the plastic limit.It was only when lime was also added that the plastic limit of the soil-fly ash mixes was noted to increase, leading to an improvement in workability. Les sols latéritiques résiduels, qui se développent dans des climats tropicaux et autres climats similaires à fortes températures et à précipitations abondantes sont largement utilisés comme matériaux de remblai lors de diverses activités de construction. L'utilisation efficace de ces sols est souvent gênée par un maniement difficile, plus particulièrement dans les conditions humides qui sont typiques des régions tropicales. Nous avons essayé d'étudier le comportement de plasticité d'un sol latéritique résiduel mélangé à de la cendre volante à faible teneur en calcium et à de la chaux. Nous avons utilisé trois proportions de sol et de cendre volante, le volume maximum de sol remplacé par de la cendre volante se limitant à 50%. De la chaux a été ajoutée en quantités représentant de 1 à 8% du poids sec du sol ou du mélange cendre-sol. Nous avons déterminé les limites d'Atterberg des mélanges apre's diverses périodes de durcissement allant jusqu'à 56 jours. En raison de la présence de sesquioxydes dans le sol latéritique résiduel, contrairement aux autres sols, l'adjonction de la cendre volante à faible teneur en calcium a causé une réduction de la limite plastique. Ce n'est que lorsque la chaux a été ajoutée que la limite plastique des mélanges cendre-sol a augmenté, provoquant une amélioration de la maniabilité.
Wavelength‐Dependent Photosensitivity in a Germanium‐Doped Sol–Gel Hybrid Material for Direct Photopatterning
Authors: Kim J.‐K. , Kang D. J. , Bae B.‐S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPhotosensitivity, as evident in permanent changes in refractive index and volume upon light exposure, is observed in a germanium‐doped methacrylate hybrid material (hybrimer) and found to depend on the wavelength of the UV light. Exposure to short‐wavelength UV illumination (220–260 nm) results in very high photosensitivity with changes in refractive index (Δn ≈ 0.0164) and film thickness (Δt ≈ –40 %) that are mainly a result of photopolymerization and Ge‐related densification. In contrast, the hybrimer is hardly photosensitive to light in the long UV‐wavelength range (350–390 nm). Direct photopatterning of a single circle on the hybrimer film creates a concave lens‐like topography upon illumination with UV light of short wavelength and a convex lens‐like one upon illumination with UV light of long wavelength.
Structural, Magnetic and Transport Properties of Sr2Fe1‐xMgxMoO6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Double Perovskites.
Authors: Sher Falak , Venimadhav A. , Blamire M. G. , Dabrowski B. , Kolesnik S. , Attfield J. Paul 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Template‐Synthesized LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, and LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 Nanotubes as the Cathode Materials of Lithium Ion Batteries.
Authors: Li Xiaoxia , Cheng Fangyi , Guo Bing , Chen Jun 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic and Enantioselective Aza‐Ene and Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions of Alkenes and Dienes with Azodicarboxylates.
Authors: Aburel Pompiliu S. , Zhuang Wei , Hazell Rita G. , Joergensen Karl Anker 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Alkenol into Alkanone in Water under Irradiation of Microwaves.
Authors: Ishibashi Kenichi , Takahashi Masaaki , Yokota Yutaka , Oshima Koichiro , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemoselective Deprotection of Cyclic N,O‐Aminals Using Catalytic Bismuth(III) Bromide in Acetonitrile.
Authors: Cong Xin , Hu Fang , Liu Ke‐Gang , Liao Qing‐Jiang , Yao Zhu‐Jun 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cascade Reactions of β‐Amino‐Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated Fischer Carbene Complexes with 1,5‐Dien‐3‐ynes as a Convenient Access to Ring‐Anellated Benzene Derivatives.
Authors: Wu Yao‐Ting , Noltemeyer Mathias , de Meijere Armin 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Anionic Strategy for Three‐ and Four‐Component Coupling Reactions Leading to Ketone Frameworks Based on Vinylogous Conversion of Dilithio Ketone α,β‐Dianions.
Authors: Yamato Shin‐ya , Yamamura Go‐hei , Komatsu Mitsuo , Arai Masashi , Fukuyama Takahide , Ryu Ilhyong 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mild and Eco‐Friendly Oxidative Cleavage of 1,3‐Dithianes and 1,3‐Dithiolanes with a Catalytic Amount of Hydrobromic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide: Synergetic Effect of Bromonium Ion Equivalent and Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Ganguly Nemai C. , Datta Mrityunjoy 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
CO‐Trapping Reaction under Thermolysis of Alkoxyamines: Application to the Synthesis of 3,4‐Cyclopenta‐1‐tetralones.
Authors: Uenoyama Yoshitaka , Tsukida Masaaki , Doi Takashi , Ryu Ilhyong , Studer Armido 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Aza‐, Oxa‐, and Thiabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Heterocycles from a Common Synthetic Intermediate.
Authors: Renslo Adam R. , Gao Hongwu , Jaishankar Priyadarshini , Venkatachalam Revathy , Gordeev Mikhail F. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
4‐Substituted (Benzo[b]thiophene‐2‐carbonyl)guanidines as Novel Na+/H+ Exchanger Isoform‐1 (NHE‐1) Inhibitors.
Authors: Lee Sunkyung , Lee Hyunsuk , Yi Kyu Yang , Lee Byung Ho , Yoo Sung‐eun , Lee Kyunghee , Cho Nam Sook 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2‐Alkylidenepyrrolidines, Pyrroles and Indoles by Condensation of Silyl Enol Ethers and 1,3‐Bis‐Silyl Enol Ethers with 1‐Azido‐2,2‐dimethoxyethane and Subsequent Reductive Cyclization.
Authors: Bellur Esen , Goerls Helmar , Langer Peter 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem N‐Arylation/Carboamination Reactions for the Stereoselective Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐2‐benzyl Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Yang Qifei , Ney Joshua E. , Wolfe John P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel and Short Convergent Approach for N‐Aryl‐5‐aminomethyl‐2‐oxazolidinone Derivatives Linezolid and DUP‐721.
Authors: Madhusudhan G. , Reddy G. O. , Ramanatham J. , Dubey P. K. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of tert‐Alkyl Aryl Sulfides from tert‐Alcohols via Quinone‐Mediated Oxidation—Reduction Condensation Between tert‐Alkyl Diphenylphosphinites and 2‐Sulfanyl‐1,3‐benzothiazole.
Authors: Ikegai Kazuhiro , Pluempanupat Wanchai , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tl(NO3)3×3H2O: A Convenient Oxidizing Agent for Aromatization of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines.
Authors: Momeni Ahmad Reza , Massah Ahmad Reza , Naghash Hamid Javaherian , Aliyan Hamid , Solati Shirin , Sameh Tayebeh 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Biological Evaluation and Structure—Activity Relationships of Bis‐(3‐aryl‐3‐oxo‐propyl)methylamine Hydrochlorides and 4‐Aryl‐3‐arylcarbonyl‐1‐methyl‐4‐piperidinol Hydrochlorides as Potential Cytotoxic Agents and Their Alkylating Ability Towards Cellular Glutathione in Human Leukemic T Cells.
Authors: Gul Mustafa , Gul Halise Inci , Das Umashankar , Hanninen Osmo 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel 4‐Hydro‐quinoline‐3‐carboxamide Derivatives as an Immunomodulator.
Authors: He Jun‐Feng , Yun Liu‐Hong , Yang Ri‐Fang , Xiao Zhi‐Yong , Cheng Jun‐Ping , Zhou Wen‐Xia , Zhang Yong‐Xiang 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Piperidinyl‐ and 1,2,3,6‐Tetrahydropyridinyl‐pyrimidine Derivatives as Selective 5‐HT1A Receptor Agonists with Highly Potent anti‐Ischemic Effects.
Authors: Kamei Katsuhide , Maeda Noriko , Katsuragi‐Ogino Ryoko , Koyama Makoto , Nakajima Mika , Tatsuoka Toshio , Ohno Tomochika , Inoue Teruyoshi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Substituted 2,4‐Dioxo‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐benzo[b]diazepine‐7‐sulfamides.
Authors: Filimonov S. I. , Kravchenko D. V. , Khakhina M. Yu. , Dorogov M. V. , Tkachenko S. E. , Ivashchenko A. V. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chiral Broensted Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrophosphonylation of Imines: Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Amino Phosphonates.
Authors: Akiyama Takahiko , Morita Hisashi , Itoh Junji , Fuchibe Kohei 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ultrasound‐Irradiated Michael Addition of Amines to Ferrocenylenones under Solvent‐Free and Catalyst‐Free Conditions at Room Temperature.
Authors: Yang Jin‐Ming , Ji Shun‐Jun , Gu Da‐Gong , Shen Zhi‐Liang , Wang Shun‐Yi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Two New Cycloartane Triterpene Glycosides and a New Alkaloid from Souliea vaginata
Authors: Zhou Liang , Yang Jun‐Shan , Wu Xia , Zou Jian‐Hua , Xu Xu‐Dong , Tu Guang‐Zhong 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Alcohols and α‐Amino Acids via a Copper‐Catalyzed Addition of Diorganozinc Reagents to N‐Phosphinoylimines.
Authors: Desrosiers Jean‐Nicolas , Cote Alexandre , Charette Andre B. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,2‐Migration of 2′‐Oxoalkyl Group and Concomitant Synthesis of 2‐C‐Branched O‐, S‐Glycosides and Glycosyl Azides via 1,2‐Cyclopropanated Sugars.
Authors: Shao Huawu , Ekthawatchai Sanchai , Chen Chien‐Sheng , Wu Shih‐Hsiung , Zou Wei 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.