bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The inguinal release procedure for groin pain: initial experience in 73 sportsmen/women
Authors: Mann C D , Sutton C D , Garcea G , Lloyd D M 
Published: January 2009

Objective:To assess the impact of the laparoscopic inguinal release procedure with mesh reinforcement on athletes with groin pain.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:Private sector.Patients:Professional and amateur sportsmen/women undergoing the inguinal release for groin pain.Main outcome measurements:Change in patient’s symptoms, functional limitation and time to resuming sporting activity following surgery.Results:73 sportsmen/women underwent laparoscopic inguinal release in the study period, 37 (51%) of whom were professionals. 95% were male with a median age of 30 years. Following operation, patients returned to light training at a median of 1 week, full training at 3 weeks (professionals—2 weeks) and playing competitively at 4 weeks (professionals—3 weeks). 74% considered themselves match-fit by 4 weeks (84% of professionals). Following surgery, there was a highly significant improvement in frequency of pain, severity of pain and functional limitation in both the whole cohort and professional group. 88% reported a return to full fitness at follow-up, with 73% reporting complete absence of symptoms. 97% of the cohort thought the operation had improved their symptoms.Conclusions:This study shows that the laparoscopic inguinal release procedure may be effective in the treatment of a subgroup of athletes with groin pain.
Pseudo cardiac tamponade in the setting of excess pericardial fat
Authors: Nguyen Thang , Kumar Kanwal , Francis Andrew , Walker Jonathan R , Raabe Michael , Zieroth Shelley , Jassal Davinder S 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Cardiac tamponade is the phenomenon of hemodynamic compromise caused by a pericardial effusion. Following a myocardial infarction, the most common causes of pericardial fluid include early pericarditis, Dressler's syndrome, and hemopericardium secondary to a free wall rupture. On transthoracic echocardiography, pericardial fluid appears as an echo-free space in between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium. Pericardial fat has a similar appearance on echocardiography and it may be difficult to discern the two entities. We present a case of a post-MI patient demonstrating pseudo tamponade physiology in the setting of excessive pericardial fat.
The effect of low-protein diet supplemented with ketoacids in patients with chronic renal failure
Authors: Molnár Márta , Szekeresné Izsák Margit , Nagy Judit , Figler Mária 
Published: January 2009

Ismert, hogy az étrendi fehérjemegszorítás lassítja a krónikus vesebetegség progresszióját. Ha a fehérjebevitel kevesebb mint 0,5-0,6 g/ttkg/nap, a diétát esszenciális aminosavakkal/ketosavakkal szükséges kiegészíteni. A szerzők tanulmányukban a hosszú időn keresztül ketosavakkal kiegészített fehérjeszegény diéta hatását vizsgálták krónikus veseelégtelenségben szenvedő betegekben a veseelégtelenség progressziójára, a kalcium- és foszforanyagcserére, a betegek tápláltsági állapotára, továbbá felmérték a betegek complience-ét. Ötvenegy beteget kezeltek 12–57 hónapig (átlagos kezelési idő: 26 hónap). A szérumkreatinin-érték átlaga 349,72±78,04 µmol/l-ről 460,66±206,66 µmol/l-re emelkedett, amely 27 µmol/l/év, illetve 2,3 µmol/l/hó szérumkreatinin-növekedést jelentett. A Cockroft–Gault-formula alapján számolt glomerulusfiltrációs ráta (GFR) 21,52±7,84 ml/min-ról 18,22±7,76 ml/min-ra csökkent, ami 0,83 ml/min/év, illetve 0,07 ml/min/hó GFR-csökkenést jelentett. Lineáris regressziós analízissel az 1/szérumkreatinin versus időegyenes dőlésszöge 0,0018 volt. A szérumparathormon-szint szignifikánsan csökkent, a szérumkalcium, -foszfor szintje nem változott. A betegek tápláltsági állapota (a BMI, szérumalbumin, szubjektív tápláltsági felmérés alapján) a folyamatos és intenzív diétás edukációnak köszönhetően nem romlott, a betegek tartani tudták az alacsony fehérjetartalmú diétát a kezelés hosszú időtartama alatt. Eredményeik igazolják, hogy a ketosavakkal kiegészített fehérjeszegény diéta hatásos a veseelégtelenség progressziójának csökkentésében, előnyösen befolyásolja a kalcium- és foszforanyagcserét, nem rontja a betegek tápláltsági állapotát.
Experiences of working in Kenya with VSO
Authors: Barnfield Sonia 
Published: January 2009

VSO is an international development charity whose volunteers pass on their skills to local people.
The maternal mortality ratio in Kenya is 414, one of the highest in the world.
HIV prevalence decreased from a high of around 14% in the mid‐1990s to 5% in 2006.
In 1997 the Government of Kenya launched its National Reproductive Health Strategy to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
The Government recently started to subsidise maternity and paediatric care.

Learning objectives:

To appreciate the work of VSO.
To understand obstetric health issues in under‐resourced countries.

Ethical issues:

What are the most appropriate ways of providing assistance to decrease the maternal mortality ratio and improve obstetric care in developing countries?

Please cite this article as: Barnfield S. Experiences of working in Kenya with VSO. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2009;11:61–64.
Estrogenic and androgenic effects of municipal wastewater effluent on reproductive endpoint biomarkers in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
Authors: Björkblom Carina , Högfors Eva , Salste Lotta , Bergelin Eija , Olsson Per-Erik , Katsiadaki Ioanna , Wiklund Tom 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMunicipal wastewater treatment plants have been associated with the release of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, which consequently lead to alterations of reproductive function in aquatic organisms. The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) has quantifiable biomarkers for assessment of both estrogen (vitellogenin) and androgen (spiggin) activity, which makes this species very valuable in the research of endocrine disruption. The estrogenic and androgenic biomarkers were used for evaluating exposure effects of municipal wastewater effluent. We evaluated the effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), 17α-methyltestosterone (MT), and wastewater effluents on induction of vitellogenin and spiggin production, gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, nephrosomatic index, plasma steroid levels, and histopathology. Adult female and male sticklebacks were exposed to 20 ng/L of EE2, 10 μg/L of MT, and wastewater effluent (10, 50, and 80% of original concentration) in a flow-through system for an exposure of one week and an extended exposure of four weeks. Chemical analyses of the steroids were done for verification of exposure concentrations and presence in the used wastewater. Our results show that municipal wastewater effluent exerts estrogenic action on three-spined stickleback as observed by elevated vitellogenin levels in exposed fish, corresponding to the effect seen in fish exposed to EE2. Furthermore, wastewater and EE2 exerted similar histopathological effects on testis of exposed fish. Although domestic effluent is suspected to have a high content of natural androgens, no obvious androgenic effect of wastewater was observed in the present study.
Relation between chaos probability and zero-point number of the Melnikov function for a Bose-Einstein condensate
Authors: Zhu Qianquan , Hai Wenhua , Rong Shiguang 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
We investigate an attractive Bose-Einstein condensate perturbed by a weak traveling optical superlattice. It is demonstrated that under a stochastic initial set and in a given parameter region solitonic chaos appears with a certain probability that is tightly related to the zero-point number of the Melnikov function; the latter depends on the potential parameters. Effects of the lattice depths and wave vectors on the chaos probability are studied analytically and numerically, and different chaotic regions of the parameter space are found. The results suggest a feasible method for strengthening or weakening chaos by modulating the potential parameters experimentally.
Entre les familles et les services formels, le désir des aînés ayant besoin d'aide
Authors: Bourgeois-Guérin Valérie , Guberman Nancy , Lavoie Jean-Pierre , Gagnon Éric 
Published: January 2009

RÉSUMÉFace aux contradictions entre la promotion gouvernementale de l'aide familiale aux parents âgés et la montée des valeurs «autonomistes» rapportée dans la littérature, nous avons interrogé des aînés vivant des incapacités au sujet de l'aide qu'ils souhaitent obtenir. Cette analyse qualitative thématique se fonde sur le témoignage de 19 aînés qui reçoivent de l'aide. Les résultats révèlent qu'un ensemble de valeurs, souhaits et/ou craintes justifie la position des aînés en ce qui a trait à leur désir d'obtenir ou non une aide substantielle de la part de leur famille. L'adhésion à la valeur d'autonomie, le désir de respecter la liberté (tant la sienne que celle d'autrui), l'adhésion aux normes d'obligation familiale, l'attachement au chez-soi, la valorisation de la solitude et de l'intimité et le degré de proximité affective entre les aînés et leurs enfants sont tous des motifs qui semblent expliquer ces choix. Le fait d'avoir accès à des services formels de qualité est aussi un élément qui permet aux aînés d'actualiser leur désir de soins abordé dans l'analyse.
Family Members Providing Home-Based Palliative Care to Older Adults: The Enactment of Multiple Roles
Authors: Clemmer Sarah J. , Ward-Griffin Catherine , Forbes Dorothy 
Published: January 2009

RÉSUMÉL'espérance de vie des Canadiens s'accroît et, de ce fait, les maladies chroniques (Santé Canada, 2002) exigeant des soins en fin de vie (Fisher, Ross, & MacLean, 2000). La recherche est limitée sur le processus visant à établir la multiplicité des rôles pour les membres de la famille dispensant des soins palliatifs à domicile. En se fondant sur une étude ethnographique plus vaste des relations client-famille-fournisseur de soins palliatifs à domicile (Ward-Griffin & McWilliam, 2004), la présente analyse secondaire visait à évaluer l'adoption de multiples rôles par les membres de la famille dispensant des soins palliatifs à domicile aux aînés souffrant de cancer avancé. Les membres de la famille étaient d'avis que les attentes envers eux étaient nombreuses lors de la dispensation des soins, mais qu'on ne répondait pas à leurs attentes en matière de services. Jouer des rôles multiples était décrit par trois thèmes interreliés: équilibre des charges, établissement de nouvelles priorités, et évolution. Les réponses positives et négatives en matière de santé découlaient des tentatives de minimiser la santé personnelle tout en maintenant simultanément la santé. Les «véritables» soins de santé dans une perspective familiale étaient absents, mais devraient devenir l'un des objectifs des professionnels de la santé dispensant des soins de santé en fin de vie.
Model development for semicontinuous production of ethylene and norbornene copolymers having uniform composition
Authors: Liu Shaojie , Cao Kun , Yao Zhen , Li Bogeng , Zhu Shiping 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTerminal and penultimate models for controlling copolymer composition distribution (CCD) in ethylene and norbornene (NB) copolymerization were developed by taking into account the variation of active site concentration with the initial comonomer ratio. The models were validated by batch polymerization experimental data. The terminal model gave better correlation with the composition data whereas the penultimate model had a better fit to the rate data. The terminal model was then used to design NB feeding policies in semicontinuous processes for targeted CCD profiles. Based on the model results, a series of ethylene‐NB copolymers with various NB contents were prepared. With the same NB content, the semicontinuous process produced a uniform composition, whereas the batch process yielded broad CCD. The batch samples had lower Tg values and broader transition ranges, even yielded crystalline materials. In contrast, the semicontinuous samples overcame the disadvantages. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Multiresolution analysis on identification and dynamics of clusters in a circulating fluidized bed
Authors: Yang Tung‐Yu , Leu Lii‐ping 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA new wavelet‐threshold criterion was developed to distinguish the cluster and the void phases from the transient solids holdup/concentration fluctuation signals when measured in a 108 mm‐i.d. × 5.75 m‐high circulating fluidized bed with FCC particles (dp = 78 μm, ρp = 1,880 kg/m3). An appropriate level of approximation subsignal was systematically specified as a threshold for cluster identification, based on multiresolution analysis (MRA) of wavelet transformation. By the established threshold, the dynamic properties of clusters including the appearance time fraction of clusters Fcl, average cluster duration time τcl, cluster frequency fcl, and local average solids holdup in clusters εsc, at different radial and axial positions were determined under the turbulent, transition and fast fluidization flow regimes. The results also describe the dynamic properties of clusters and flow patterns in the splash zone along with the dense bottom region of the circulating fluidized beds. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a 4p15.1‐pter duplication and a 4q35.1‐qter deletion in a recombinant of chromosome 4 pericentric inversion
Authors: Maurin M‐L. , Labrune P. , Brisset S. , Le Lorc'h M. , Pineau D. , Castel C. , Romana S. , Tachdjian G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTo date, 10 cases of recombinant of chromosome 4 pericentric inversion involving sub‐bands p14p15 and q35 have been described. We report on the first case analyzed using array‐CGH in a female infant presenting psychomotor and growth retardation, facial anomalies, axial hypotonia, short neck, wide spaced nipples and cardiac defects. Conventional karyotype associated to FISH revealed a recombinant chromosome 4 with partial 4p duplication and 4q deletion derived from a paternal pericentric inversion. Array‐CGH allowed us to precise rec4 breakpoints: the proposita carried a small 4.82–4.97 Mb 4q35.1 terminal deletion and a large 35.3–36.7 Mb 4p15.1 terminal duplication. Duplications of the distal 2/3 of short arm of chromosome 4 give rise to recognizable craniofacial features but no specific visceral malformation. A contrario small terminal 4q deletions are associated with cardiac defects. This case and review of literature suggest that two genes ArgBP2 and PDLIM3, located at 4q35.1 and both involved in cardiac and muscle development, could be responsible for cardiac defects observed in terminal 4q35.1 deletions. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familial 14.5 Mb interstitial deletion 13q21.1–13q21.33: Clinical and array‐CGH study of a benign phenotype in a three‐generation family
Authors: Filges Isabel , Röthlisberger Benno , Noppen Christoph , Boesch Nemya , Wenzel Friedel , Necker Judith , Binkert Franz , Huber Andreas R. , Heinimann Karl , Miny Peter 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe report on the clinical and cytogenetic findings as well as the array‐based characterization of an interstitial familial 13q21 deletion initially recognized by standard karyotyping. Although 13q deletions are known to imply a wide variability of clinical consequences, the deletion carriers of the familial deletion in three generations did not reveal a relevant phenotype. The breakpoints and the deletion size in all three carrier individuals were determined by molecular karyotyping confirming a large 14.5 Mb deletion encompassing the 13q21.1–13q21.33 region identical in all three carriers. Gene paucity and the lack of dosage‐sensitive genes in the delineated region might explain the apparently innocuous nature of this chromosomal anomaly. The example of this family presents evidence for describing the chromosomal region 13q21.1–13q21.33 as a large euchromatic variant or benign copy number variation without phenotypic consequences. Our data underline the importance of a phenogenetic approach combining clinical and laboratory evidence in the interpretation of segmental chromosomal anomalies especially in genetic counseling related to prenatal diagnosis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lokale, spitzeninduzierte Oxidation von selbstorganisierten Monoschichten: Schablonen für die Herstellung funktionaler Nanostrukturen
Authors: Wouters Daan , Hoeppener Stephanie , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOberflächen mit Funktion: Die elektroinduzierte Strukturierung selbstorganisierter Monoschichten ermöglicht die Herstellung vielfältiger komplexer Nanostrukturen. Der Aufsatz beleuchtet die Möglichkeiten, die sich durch die Einführung chemischer Selektivität auf Oberflächen durch die lokale Generierung chemisch aktiver Gruppen und deren Weiterverarbeitung bieten, mit dem Schwerpunkt auf der Entwicklung dieses Forschungsgebietes in den letzten vier Jahren.magnified imageDie lokale Oxidation von selbstorganisierten Monoschichten mithilfe von Rastersonden ist eine neue, vielversprechende Methode, um Strukturen mit einer Präzision im Nanometermaßstab zu generieren. Damit wird eine schrittweise, gesteuerte Herstellung von komplexen Strukturen möglich, wobei die hohe chemische Stabilität von selbstorganisierten Monoschichten genutzt wird. Die so hergestellten Oberflächenstrukturen können (z. B. durch den nachfolgenden Aufbau weiterer Schichten und/oder durch Anwendung weiterer Oberflächenreaktionen) zur gezielten Herstellung funktionaler Bauelemente verwendet werden.
Molekulare Katalysatoren für die Oxidation von Wasser zu Disauerstoff
Authors: Sala Xavier , Romero Isabel , Rodríguez Montserrat , Escriche Lluís , Llobet Antoni 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWasseroxidation: Ein guter Katalysator für die Umsetzung von Wasser zu Sauerstoff ist für die nachhaltige Umwandlung von Sonnenenergie essenziell. Die Schlüsselfaktoren für die Leistungsfähigkeit erfolgreicher molekularer Katalysatoren und die Notwendigkeit für ein katalytisches System auf Festkörperbasis werden erläutert, und die ersten Versuche, molekulare Katalysatoren für die Wasseroxidation auf Trägermaterial herzustellen, werden analysiert.magnified imageIn den letzten vier Jahren wurden wir Zeugen einer Revolution auf dem Gebiet der katalytischen Wasseroxidation: Definierte Moleküle eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten, robustere und effizientere Katalysatoren maßzuschneidern. Angestoßen wurde diese Revolution durch zwei Faktoren: den dringenden Bedarf an sauberen und erneuerbaren Kraftstoffen und das dem Menschen innewohnende Verlangen, die Reaktionen der Natur nachzuahmen – in diesem Fall die des sauerstofferzeugenden Komplexes (OEC) des Photosystems II (PSII). Im Folgenden geben wir einen kurzen Überblick über die wohlbekannten Grundlagen der Oxidation von Wasser zu Disauerstoff und präsentieren anschließend die neuen Entwicklungen auf diesem Forschungsfeld, die neuen Ansätze, Katalysatordesign und ‐leistung zu verbessern, und die Fragen, die diese Entwicklungen insbesondere aus mechanistischer Sicht aufwerfen. Schließlich werden wir noch die Herausforderungen diskutieren, denen sich das Forschungsfeld gegenübersieht.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,2‐Disubstituted Oxetanes from Ketones by Using a One‐Pot Sequential Addition of Sulfur Ylide
Authors: Sone Toshihiko , Lu Gang , Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractRing frei zur zweiten Runde: Die Titelverbindungen wurden durch einen doppelten Methylentransfer in einem Eintopfverfahren synthetisiert, wobei ein La‐Li‐Heterodimetallkomplex als Katalysator wirkte. Eine Chiralitätsverstärkung im zweiten Schritt stellte sicher, dass die Oxetanprodukte mit hohen Enantiomerenüberschüssen erhalten wurden (siehe Schema).magnified image
Flow cytometric cell cycle analysis of muscle precursor cells cultured within 3D scaffolds in a perfusion bioreactor
Authors: Flaibani Marina , Luni Camilla , Sbalchiero Elisa , Elvassore Nicola 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIt has been widely demonstrated that perfusion bioreactors improve in vitro three‐dimensional (3D) cultures in terms of high cell density and uniformity of cell distribution; however, the studies reported in literature were primarily based on qualitative analysis (histology, immunofluorescent staining) or on quantitative data averaged on the whole population (DNA assay, PCR). Studies on the behavior, in terms of cell cycle, of a cell population growing in 3D scaffolds in static or dynamic conditions are still absent. In this work, a perfusion bioreactor suitable to culture C2C12muscle precursor cells within 3D porous collagen scaffolds was designed and developed and a method based on flowcytometric analyses for analyzing the cell cycle in the cell population was established. Cells were extracted by enzymatic digestion of the collagen scaffolds after 4, 7, and 10 days of culture, and flow cytometric live/dead and cell cycle analyses were performed with Propidium Iodide. A live/dead assay was used for validating the method for cell extraction and staining. Moreover, to investigate spatial heterogeneity of the cell population under perfusion conditions, two stacked scaffolds in the 3D domain, of which only the upstream layer was seeded, were analyzed separately. All results were compared with those obtained from static 3D cultures. The live/dead assay revealed the presence of less than 20% of dead cells, which did not affect the cell cycle analysis. Cell cycle analyses highlighted the increment of cell fractions in proliferating phases (S/G2/M) owing to medium perfusion in long‐term cultures. After 7–10 days, the percentage of proliferating cells was 8–12% for dynamic cultures and 3–5% for the static controls. A higher fraction of proliferating cells was detected in the downstream scaffold. From a general perspective, this method provided data with a small standard deviation and detected the differences between static and dynamic cultures and between upper and lower scaffolds. Our methodology can be extended to other cell types to investigate the influence of 3D culture conditions on the expression of other relevant cell markers. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Building complex remote learning laboratories
Authors: Calvo I. , Marcos M. , Orive D. , Sarachaga I. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe interaction with real plants is a key issue in control engineering education in order to consolidate the concepts learned in the classroom. Unfortunately, for several reasons, real laboratories are not always available. On the other hand, Internet technologies have proved to be mature and reliable, becoming a common alternative in the creation of remote laboratories. However, the use of these technologies in complex remote laboratories is not a trivial task as several requisites must be satisfied simultaneously. This article proposes a methodology that eases the creation of remote laboratories establishing the steps to build up a remote access system. This methodology proposes a set of key components that can be used to define the access to a remote plant from a functional point of view. Some of these components are generic being reusable in most applications whereas others are application specific. In summary, the methodology allows designers to concentrate more on the functionality of the applications than on the technical aspects of the underlying technology. The use of this methodology is illustrated with a relatively complex example: A laboratory manufacturing cell. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 53–66, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20239