bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Spirituality: Natural and Non‐natural
Authors: Ellis Thomas B. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDiscussions pertaining to method and theory in the study of religion often address the problems and concerns regarding definitions. Precise definitions reflect the maturity of a discipline. The ubiquity of ‘spirituality’ in scholarly literature is matched only by its persistent imprecision. What is spirituality? This article presents a precise definition. Employing terror management theory, sociometer theory, attachment theory, and death anxiety studies, I argue that spirituality is existential self‐esteem misrecognized. There are two types of spirituality. Natural spirituality reflects a symbolic immortality project; non‐natural spirituality reflects a literal immortality project. Where the former is possible, the latter is impossible.
The Anthropology of Christianity
Authors: Bialecki Jon , Haynes Naomi , Robbins Joel 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis article surveys the literature that constitutes the newly emergent anthropology of Christianity. Arguing that the development of this sub‐discipline was impeded until recently by anthropology's theoretical framing and empirical interests, this article explains that demographic and world‐historical forces have made it such that anthropology has had to recently come to terms with Christianity as an ethnographic object. In doing so, anthropology also has had to address its problematic relationship with Christianity, either in the religion's direct effect on the formation of the discipline, or as reflected by Christianity's influence on modernity itself, which has been vital for anthropology as both a category and as a style of cognition. In addition to these meta‐theoretical questions, the anthropology of Christianity has become a space in which anthropology has been able to re‐examine issues of social and cultural continuity and discontinuity in light of conversion to Christianity. Specifically, the issue of social change (often thought through or against the issue of ‘modernity’) has involved specific ethnographic examinations of fields, such as the relation between linguistic ideology and language use, economic practice, changing formations of gender and race, and the modes through which the person is culturally structured, and how that category of the person stands in relation to the social. Rather than presenting an overarching theoretical narrative, however, this review notes that these issues play out in divergent ways in differently situated communities, especially where Christianity's individuating effect may be muted where is it functions as an anti‐ or counter‐modern force; this dynamic and contingent nature of Christianity underscores that Christianity itself is a heterogeneous object, and thus promises to be an area of rich empirical research and theoretical focus that should be beneficial not only for this sub‐discipline, but also for the field of anthropology as a whole.
Operationalizing Linguistic Gratuity: From Principle to Practice
Authors: Wolfram Walt , Reaser Jeffrey , Vaughn Charlotte 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAlthough there is a well‐established tradition of social engagement in sociolinguistics, there is little explicit discussion of the rationale, methods, and procedures for implementing the principle of linguistic gratuity. What approaches to the dissemination of sociolinguistic information must be adopted with communities and with the general public when language diversity is interpreted in terms of a prescriptive, correctionist model? What venues, activities, and products are the most effective in dialect awareness programs? And how does linguist–community collaboration work on a practical level? We consider theoretical, methodological, and practical issues in sociolinguistic engagement and dialect awareness outreach programs based on a range of experience in a variety of local and general public venues. The approach is based on the principle that the public is inherently curious about language differences and that this intrigue can be transformed into informal and formal public education. It is further premised on evidence that language differences can be linked to legitimate historical and cultural legacies, and that positively framed presentations of language differences in sociocultural and sociohistorical contexts can effectively counter dominant, seemingly unassailable ideologies in non‐confrontational ways. A variety of venues are considered in collaborative engagement, including video documentaries, oral history CDs, museum exhibits, formal curricular programs, and popular trade books on language differences. Challenges in operationalizing linguistic gratuity include working with the community; balancing community linguistic expertise and community perspectives; design and audience, and practical logistical issues.
Locutionary, Illocutionary, Perlocutionary
Authors: Kissine Mikhail 
Published: November 2008

AbstractJ. L. Austin's three‐prong distinction between locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary acts is discussed in terms of D. Davidson's theory of action. Perlocutionary acts refer to the relation between the utterance and its causal effects on the addressee. In contrast, illocutionary and locutionary acts are alternative descriptions of the utterance. The possibility of conceiving of locutionary acts as expressing propositions under a certain mode of presentation is discussed. Different ways to define illocutionary acts without encroaching on the locutionary or perlocutionary territory are considered.
Autophagy and Cell Death of Purkinje Cells Overexpressing Doppel in Ngsk Prnp‐deficient Mice
Authors: Heitz Stéphane , Grant Nancy J. , Leschiera Raphael , Haeberlé Anne‐Marie , Demais Valérie , Bombarde Guy , Bailly Yannick 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn Ngsk prion protein (PrP)‐deficient mice (NP0/0), ectopic expression of PrP‐like protein Doppel (Dpl) in central neurons induces significant Purkinje cell (PC) death resulting in late‐onset ataxia. NP0/0 PC death is partly prevented by either knocking‐out the apoptotic factor BAX or overexpressing the anti‐apoptotic factor BCL‐2 suggesting that apoptosis is involved in Dpl‐induced death. In this study, Western blotting and immunohistofluorescence show that both before and during significant PC loss, the scrapie‐responsive gene 1 (Scrg1)—potentially associated with autophagy—and the autophagic markers LC3B and p62 increased in the NP0/0 PCs whereas RT‐PCR shows stable mRNA expression, suggesting that the degradation of autophagic products is impaired in NP0/0 PCs. At the ultrastructural level, autophagic‐like profiles accumulated in somatodendritic and axonal compartments of NP0/0, but not wild‐type PCs. The most robust autophagy was observed in NP0/0 PC axon compartments in the deep cerebellar nuclei suggesting that it is initiated in these axons. Our previous and present data indicate that Dpl triggers autophagy and apoptosis in NP0/0 PCs. As observed in amyloid neurodegenerative diseases, upregulation of autophagic markers as well as extensive accumulation of autophagosomes in NP0/0 PCs are likely to reflect a progressive dysfunction of autophagy that could trigger apoptotic cascades.
New Global Politics of Reproductive Labor: Gendered Labor and Marriage Migration
Authors: Lan Pei‐Chia 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe feminization of international migration nowadays has demonstrated a new global politics of reproductive labor (work necessary for the reproduction of families). This paper reviews recent studies that manifest similarity, affinity, and continuity across multiple forms of reproductive labor carried out by migrant women in four aspects. First, the recruitment of women as foreign maids or foreign brides provides class‐specific parallel strategies to the global care crisis. Second, paid and unpaid forms of reproductive labor constitute intersecting circuits of labor and marriage migration through which women partake in continuous migration. Third, various categories of migrant women are discursively conflated and attached to similar images as sexualized others. Finally, global care chains not only involve migrant reproductive labor conducted at home but also operate on the level of social reproduction as indicated by the expansion of international nursing migration.
An Assessment of Dental Treatment Need: An Overview of Available Methods and Suggestions for a New, Comparative Summative Index
Authors: Aleksejūnienė Jolanta , Brukienė Vilma 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Objective: The aims were to give an overview and consider advantages and disadvantages of different approaches used to evaluate dental treatment need and to suggest an alternate Quantitative Summative Dental Treatment Need Index. Methods: The Medline Ovid database was searched for relevant articles published during the last three decades combining the terms “needs assessment,”“dental care,”“health services needs and demand.”Results: There were substantial differences in methods used. Different modifications of the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth/Surfaces indices, complex quantitative summative indices, or simplified approaches were used to assess dental treatment need. Differing advantages and disadvantages of these methods can be identified. Previously used approaches have a common limitation for use in oral epidemiology. Conclusions: The suggested alternate Quantitative Summative Dental Treatment Needs Index focuses on an ability to compare both the total burden of treatment need as well as to make a distinction among specific treatment needs across populations. This new approach is an attempt to develop a comprehensive index for use in oral epidemiology with further revisions anticipated.
Use of Patient Self‐Report Oral Health Outcome Measures in Assessment of Dental Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Wright Wanda G. , Jones Judith A. , Spiro III Avron , Rich Sharron E. , Kressin Nancy R. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Objective: To assess the sensitivity of a newly developed brief measure of oral health‐related quality of life (OQOL). Methods: Self‐assessed oral health and OQOL were measured in three groups of patients who had presented for either prophylaxis (n = 32), endodontic care (n = 15), or for a denture (n = 16) in a dental school setting before and after treatment. Main outcome measures included the single‐item self‐report of oral health (OH‐1) and the 6‐ and 12‐item versions of a new OQOL instrument. General linear modeling was used to compute means of self‐reported oral health by treatment group. Results: Of the 63 patients who completed the baseline questionnaire, 44 (70 percent) returned questionnaires after treatment. The sample averaged 43 ± 15 years, 48 percent male and 55 percent with some college education. Ethnic representation included 35 percent White, 33 percent Black, and 32 percent other – mostly Latino. The mean self‐reported number of teeth was 20.6. In terms of sensitivity, significant differences were observed between the treatment groups on the items assessing being upset (P < 0.05), feeling depressed (P < 0.05), and uncomfortable about the appearance of teeth or dentures (P < 0.05). However, magnitude of change, as measured by an effect size, was characterized as minimal to small in the recall and endodontic groups and borderline moderate in the denture group. Conclusion: The measure was sensitive to differences within groups, with a small to borderline magnitude of change.
Patterns and Correlates of Spit Tobacco Use among High School Males in Rural California
Authors: Gansky Stuart A. , Ellison James A. , Kavanagh Catherine , Isong Umo , Walsh Margaret M. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Objective: To assess patterns and correlates of spit [smokeless tobacco (ST)] use among high school males in rural California. Methods: An 18‐item, self‐administered questionnaire was used to assess ST use among young males in 41 randomly selected high schools in 21 rural counties in California. To ensure confidentiality, students were instructed to seal their completed questionnaire in an attached envelope prior to returning it to the questionnaire administrator. Results: Overall prevalence of ST use was 9.8 percent, significantly increasing with year in school from 5 percent among freshmen to 15 percent among seniors. ST use was highest among rodeo athletes at 42 percent compared with <6 percent among nonathletes; ST use was significantly higher among smokers (32 percent) who were 2.5‐30 times more likely to use ST compared with nonsmokers, depending on race/ethnicity as a result of a significant race/ethnicity × smoking interaction of degree/magnitude. In addition, students who believed there was no, or slight risk of, harm from ST use were significantly more likely to use ST than students perceiving moderate or great risk, depending on race/ethnicity (odds ratios 3.6‐13). Among all ST users, 40 percent used ST on at least 5 days in the previous week, 80 percent of those reporting a brand used the brand Copenhagen, and 41 percent (189) used ST within 30 minutes of waking. Conclusion: Dental public health practitioners, scholars, and policy‐makers need to promote dental health through organized community efforts targeting high school male subgroups in rural areas that are at risk for ST‐associated adverse health effects.
Effect of Side Feed Pressurization on the Dynamic Performance of Gas Foil Bearings: A Model Anchored to Test Data
Authors: Kim Tae Ho , San Andrés Luis 
Published: November 2008

AbstractComprehensive modeling of gas foil bearings (GFBs) anchored to reliable test data will enable the widespread usage of these bearings into novel high speed turbomachinery applications. GFBs often need a forced cooling gas flow, axially fed through one end of the bearing, for adequate thermal management. This paper presents rotordynamic response measurements on a rigid rotor supported on GFBs during rotor speed run-up and coastdown tests with the GFBs supplied with increasing feed gas pressures to 2.8bars. Rotor speed run-up tests to 35krpm show that the bearing end side feed gas pressurization delays the onset speed of rotor subsynchronous whirl motions. The test data validate closely the predictions of the threshold speed of instability and the whirl frequency ratio derived from a GFB model that implements the axial evolution of gas circumferential flow velocity as a function of the imposed side feed pressure. Rotor speed coastdown tests from 25krpm with a low feed pressure of 0.35bar evidence a nearly linear synchronous rotor response for small and moderately large imbalance mass distributions. A structural finite element rotordynamics model integrates linearized synchronous speed GFB force coefficients and predicts synchronous responses, amplitude, and phase angles, agreeing with the test data. The analysis and measurements demonstrate the profound effect of the end side feed gas pressurization on the rotordynamic performance of GFBs.
Association of Monoclonal Expansion of Epstein-Barr Virus-Negative CD158a
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NK Cells Secreting Large Amounts of Gamma Interferon with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: López-Álvarez María R. , Martínez-Sánchez María V. , Salgado-Cecilia María G. , Campillo José A. , Heine-Suñer Damian , Villar-Permuy Florentina , Fuster José L. , Bas Águeda , Gil-Herrera Juana , Muro Manuel , García-Alonso Ana M. , Álvarez-López María R. , Minguela Alfredo 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT
We report the first case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) induced by the monoclonal expansion of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative NK cells. Consanguinity of the patient's parents made it necessary to discard familial HLH in the patient and her sister with identical HLA markers and demonstrate that no cause other than the expansion of NK cells, which secrete high levels of gamma interferon, was inducing HLH in this patient.
Fibrin glue versus sutures for attaching the conjunctival autograft in pterygium surgery: a prospective observer masked clinical trial
Authors: Srinivasan S , Dollin M , McAllum P , Berger Y , Rootman D S , Slomovic A R 
Published: November 2008

Aims:To compare the degree of conjunctival autograft inflammation, subconjunctival haemorrhage (SCH) and graft stability following the use of sutures or fibrin glue (FG) during pterygium surgery.Methods:Prospective, observer masked, clinical trial. 40 eyes of 40 patients undergoing primary pterygium surgery with conjunctival autograft were allocated into two groups. Group 1 (n = 20) had FG (Tisseel) for attaching the conjunctival autograft, whereas group 2 (n = 20) had sutures. Standardised digital slit-lamp photographs were taken at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Sutures were masked using commercially available photo-editing software. Two masked observers objectively graded the digital photographs for degree of inflammation, SCH and graft stability.Results:34 of the 40 patients completed the study. When using FG, the degree of inflammation was significantly less than with sutures at 1 month (p = 0.019) and 3 months (p = 0.001) postoperatively. No significant difference was found for inflammation at 1 week postoperatively (p = 0.518). Conjunctival grafts secured with FG were as stable as those secured with sutures (p = 0.258, p = 0.076 and p = 0.624, at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months, respectively). No significant difference was found in degree of postoperative SCH between the groups (p = 0.417, p = 1 and p = 1, at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months, respectively).Conclusion:This is the first prospective clinical trial confirming that conjunctival grafts secured with FG during pterygium surgery not only are as stable as those secured with sutures, but also produce significantly less inflammation.
The minimized extracorporeal circulation system causes less inflammation and organ damage
Authors: Kofidis T , Baraki H , Singh H , Kamiya H , Winterhalter M , Didilis V , Emmert M , Woitek F , Haverich A , Klima U 
Published: November 2008

The minimized extracorporeal circulation system (MECC) is being used to reduce priming volume and blood/polymer contact during cardiac procedures. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and potential advantages of the system in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients. We included two groups of patients destined for CABG in a prospective, randomized study: Group A was operated on the usual pump (n = 30) while Group B was operated using the MECC (n = 50). Pre-operative demographics, intra-operative times and values as well as a series of post-operative outcome data (blood loss, transfusion requirements, ventilation time, ICU and hospital stay) were recorded. CK, CK-MB, troponin-T, IL-6 and IL-8 were measured. Pre-operative and post-operative lung function were assessed. In the MECC-operated group, patients developed less post-operative troponin-T (0.2 ± 0.3 vs. 0.5 ± 0.5 ng/mL, p=0.031) and less IL-8 (13.8 ± 5 vs. 22.5 ± 0.5 µg/L, p = 0.05). While blood loss was comparable in both groups, packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma were given less frequently in the MECC group (p = 0.015 resp. 0.022). The one-tailed Student’s t-test revealed shorter bypass time in the MECC group (74 ± 17 vs. 82 ± 24 min). There was no difference in ventilation and ICU-time (patients were not treated in a fast-track fashion). The FEV1 was better in the MECC group (relative values: 70.1 ± 18.2% vs. 61.1 ± 12.3%, p = 0.02). Utilization of the MECC may cause less cytokine (IL-8) liberation, owing to less blood/tubing contact, as well as less red blood cell and fresh frozen plasma demand. It may also be the circuit in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Interface dermatitis in skin lesions of Kikuchi–Fujimoto’s disease: a histopathological marker of evolution into systemic lupus erythematosus?
Authors: Paradela S , Lorenzo J , Martínez-Gómez W , Yebra-Pimentel T , Valbuena L , Fonseca E 
Published: November 2008

Kikuchi’s disease (KD) is a self-limiting histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL). Cutaneous manifestations are frequent and usually show histopathological findings similar to those observed in the involved lymph nodes. HNL with superposed histological features to KD has been described in patients with lupus erythematosus (LE), and a group of healthy patients previously reported as having HNL may evolve into LE after several months. Up to date, features to predict which HNL patients will have a self-limiting disease and which could develop LE have been not identified. In order to clarify the characteristics of skin lesions associated with KD, we report a case of HNL with evolution into systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a review of previous reports of KD with cutaneous manifestations. A 17-year-old woman presented with a 4-month history of fever and generalised lymphadenopathy. A diagnosis of HNL was established based on a lymph node biopsy. One month later, she developed an erythematoedematous rash on her upper body, with histopathological findings of interface dermatitis. After 8 months, anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) at titre of 1/320, anti-DNA-ds antibodies and marked decrease of complement levels were detected. During the following 2 years, she developed diagnostic criteria for SLE, with arthralgias, pleuritis, aseptic meningitis, haemolytic anaemia and lupus nephritis. To our knowledge, 27 cases of nodal and cutaneous KD have been reported, 9 of which later developed LE. In all these patients, the skin biopsy revealed interface dermatitis. Skin biopsy revealed a pattern of interface dermatitis in all reviewed KD cases, which evolved into LE. Even this histopathological finding was not previously considered significant; it might be a marker of evolution into LE.
Recurrent urinary tract infections and bladder dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Duran-Barragan S , Ruvalcaba-Naranjo H , Rodriguez-Gutierrez L , Solano-Moreno H , Hernandez-Rios G , Sanchez-Ortiz A , Ramos-Remus C 
Published: November 2008

To assess bladder function in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). A convenience sample of consecutive patients with SLE (American College of Rheumatology criteria), with recurrent UTIs (≥3 events in the preceding 12 months), without history of central nervous system involvement, urolithiasis or preceding tuberculosis were studied. Disease activity (SLEDAI-2K), damage (SDI), lower urinary tract symptoms [Pelvic pain and Urgency/Frequency (PUF) and the Interstitial Cystitis Symptom and Problem Index (ICSPI) scales] and Autonomic Symptom Profile (ASP) were assessed. All patients underwent urological examination and urodynamic assessment with cystometry, uroflow, micturition and urethral pressure profile. Ten patients (nine women) were included. The majority of the patients reported urinary symptoms: urgency ( n = 8), frequency ( n = 8), nocturia ( n = 9) and pain ( n = 10). The patients had a mean (SD) ICSPI score of 18.4 (9.8), PUF score of 17.4 (5.3) and ASP weighted score of 31.7 (16.1). Abnormal urodynamics findings were identified in seven of the 10 patients, including small bladder capacity (two patients), reduced bladder sensation (four patients), subnormal urinary flow rate (one patient) and a significant amount of residual urine (two patients). The urodynamics findings suggest that bladder dysfunction could be one of the mechanisms involved on the occurrence of recurrent UTIs in patients with SLE. These findings have potential implications for the proper assessment and management of SLE patients with recurrent UTIs. Further studies are needed to corroborate our results.