bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Ethics of Interacting
Authors: Brownlee Kimberley 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTOrdinary interactions are the primary vehicle through which we show respect, give social pleasure, and grease the wheels of healthy sociality. When we do an interactional wrong to someone, we not only convey disrespect by disregarding their interactional needs, but also cause them social pain and erode healthy social relations. Interactional ethics – the study of the ethics of interacting – concerns both our conduct within our interactions and our broader interactional style. The existing philosophical literature in this area has not yet provided a detailed analysis of the three discrete stages of an ordinary interaction – the initiation stage, the execution stage, and the conclusion stage – or of the specific wrongs beyond disrespect that we can do at each stage. This article develops novel and useful tools to analyse interactional wrongs that both compromise our wellbeing by causing us social pain and threaten healthy sociality. It then distinguishes various patterns of interactional wrongdoing – i.e. interactional vices – that we can manifest as we seek to control with whom we interact and how.
Exploring an effective automated grading model with reliability detection for large‐scale online peer assessment
Authors: Lin Zirou , Yan Hanbing , Zhao Li 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeer assessment has played an important role in large‐scale online learning, as it helps promote the effectiveness of learners' online learning. However, with the emergence of numerical grades and textual feedback generated by peers, it is necessary to detect the reliability of the large amount of peer assessment data, and then develop an effective automated grading model to analyse the data and predict learners' learning results.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to propose an automated grading model with reliability detection.MethodsA total of 109,327 instances of peer assessment from a large‐scale teacher online learning program were tested in the experiments. The reliability detection approach included three steps: recurrent convolutional neural networks (RCNN) was used to detect grade consistency, bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) was used to detect text originality, and long short‐term memory (LSTM) was used to detect grade‐text consistency. Furthermore, the automated grading was designed with the BERT‐RCNN model.Results and ConclusionsThe effectiveness of the automated grading model with reliability detection was shown. For reliability detection, RCNN performed best in detecting grade consistency with an accuracy rate of 0.889, BERT performed best in detecting text originality with an improvement of 4.47% compared to the benchmark model, and LSTM performed best with an accuracy rate of 0.883. Moreover, the automated grading model with reliability detection achieved good performance, with an accuracy rate of 0.89. Compared to the absence of reliability detection, it increased by 12.1%.ImplicationsThe results strongly suggest that the automated grading model with reliability detection for large‐scale peer assessment is effective, with the following implications: (1) The introduction of reliability detection is necessary to help filter out low reliability data in peer assessment, thus promoting effective automated grading results. (2) This solution could assist assessors in adjusting the exclusion threshold of peer assessment reliability, providing a controllable automated grading tool to reducing manual workload with high quality. (3) This solution could shift educational institutions from labour‐intensive grading procedures to a more efficient educational assessment pattern, allowing for more investment in supporting instructors and learners to improve the quality of peer feedback.
Prognostic value of cardiac deceleration capacity in patients with atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Maimaitijiang Pakezhati , Dai Qi , Lai Zihao , Chen Aiyue , Zheng Lihui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionCather ablation (CA) is a well‐recognized treatment alternative for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients despite more than 20% ablation‐treated patients suffering from AF recurrence. The underlying mechanism of AF recurrence postablation is probably associated with high cardiac parasympathetic activity, which can be assessed with deceleration capacity (DC) of heart rate. Given that the relationship between DC and AF recurrence is still controversial, this systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed to investigate the characteristics of DC in patients with and without AF recurrence, evaluating the prognostic value of DC in AF patients after CA.MethodsA literature search was systematically performed in the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases until October 01, 2023. The observational studies reporting either the pre‐ and postablation DC in both recurrence and non‐recurrence groups or the ratios based on DC for predicting AF recurrence were mainly included. Weighted mean differences (WMD) or odds ratios (OR) based on DC would be calculated with a random‐effect model, if heterogeneity estimated with the I2 index and Q statistic was significant (I2 > 50% or p < .05); otherwise, a fixed‐effect model would be utilized.ResultsA total of eight observational studies involving 914 AF patients treated with radiofrequency or cryoballoon ablation were included in this study. Ablation‐treated patients with AF recurrence had the higher DC postablation in relation to those without recurrence (WMD, 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33–1.67; p < .01), which was present up to 3 months of follow‐up (WMD, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11–1.96; p < .01), whereas there was no statistical significance in DC before ablation between recurrence and non‐recurrence groups (WMD, 0.34; 95% CI, −0.12 to 0.79; p = .15). The high DC postablation was a risk factor for AF recurrence in ablation‐treated patients (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.44–3.25; p < .01).ConclusionThe high DC postablation was associated with the risk of AF recurrence, suggesting that DC may act as a prognostic indicator in AF patients treated with CA.
Between blood glucose and mortality in critically ill patients: Retrospective analysis of the MIMIC‐IV database
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Li Wenqiang , Xu Baocai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAims/IntroductionMean blood glucose (MBG) level is associated with mortality among critically ill patients. We undertook a cohort study to investigate the relationship between MBG and mortality in critically ill patients.Materials and MethodsCritically ill patients were enrolled from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC‐IV) database. MBG was calculated to represent the overall glycemic status during intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization, and a multivariate logistic regression determined the relationship between MBG and ICU mortality in different subgroups of critically ill patients.ResultsA total of 8,973 patients were included in the study, 1,244 of whom died within 28 days, including 5,402 men and 3,571 women. Multivariate adjusted restricted cubic spline analyses suggested that the relationship between MBG and ICU mortality was a “J” shape. Logistic regression showed 28 day mortality in group 3 (glucose ≥10 mmol/L): the adjusted odds ratio was 2.06 (95% confidence interval 1.65–2.57). The results of subgroup analysis showed that hyperglycemia had a more significant impact on ICU mortality in patients without diabetes, hypoglycemia and liver disease, and the ICU mortality risk of non‐diabetes patients was always higher than that of diabetes patients with the same hyperglycemia level.ConclusionsCurrent evidence suggested a J‐shaped relationship between MBG and mortality in critically ill patients.
The Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Applied in the Early Postpartum Period After Cesarean Birth on Healing, Pain, and Comfort
Authors: Sabancı Baransel Esra , Barut Sümeyye , Uçar Tuba 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionThis study was conducted to determine the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) applied in the early postpartum period after cesarean birth on incision site healing, postoperative recovery, pain, and comfort.MethodsThis randomized, single‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was conducted with 138 women (TENS group n = 46, placebo group n = 46, control group n = 46) who gave birth by cesarean between January and September 2023. TENS was applied twice at a frequency of 100 Hz with a pulse width of 100 microseconds, at 10 to 12 and 14 to 16 hours after birth, for 30 minutes each. Outcomes were measured with the Postoperative Recovery Index; Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, and Approximation Scale; Visual Analogue Scale; and Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire. Outcomes between groups were compared postintervention, correcting for baseline using analysis of covariance. The study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05991921).ResultsMean scores for postoperative recovery were significantly lower (improved) in the TENS group (113.58) compared with the placebo and control groups (134.67, 136.61; P < .001). The postoperative recovery subscales (psychological symptoms, physical activities, appetite symptoms, bowel symptoms, general symptoms) were also significantly decreased in the TENS group compared with the placebo and control groups. Similarly, mean scores for postpartum comfort, and the corresponding physical comfort, psychospiritual comfort, and sociocultural comfort subscales, were significantly improved in the TENS group (110.26) compared with the placebo and control group (83.80, 81.19; P < .05).DiscussionTENS application can be preferred as an alternative method to increase pain control, recovery, and patient comfort after cesarean birth.
Genetically encoded sensors for in vivo detection of neurochemicals relevant to depression
Authors: Zhao Yulin , Wan Jinxia , Li Yulong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDepressive disorders are a common and debilitating form of mental illness with significant impacts on individuals and society. Despite the high prevalence, the underlying causes and mechanisms of depressive disorders are still poorly understood. Neurochemical systems, including serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, have been implicated in the development and perpetuation of depressive symptoms. Current treatments for depression target these neuromodulator systems, but there is a need for a better understanding of their role in order to develop more effective treatments. Monitoring neurochemical dynamics during depressive symptoms is crucial for gaining a better a understanding of their involvement in depressive disorders. Genetically encoded sensors have emerged recently that offer high spatial–temporal resolution and the ability to monitor neurochemical dynamics in real time. This review explores the neurochemical systems involved in depression and discusses the applications and limitations of current monitoring tools for neurochemical dynamics. It also highlights the potential of genetically encoded sensors for better characterizing neurochemical dynamics in depression‐related behaviors. Furthermore, potential improvements to current sensors are discussed in order to meet the requirements of depression research.image
Treatment with synchronized radiofrequency and facial muscle stimulation: Histologic analysis of human skin for changes in collagen and elastin fibers
Authors: Goldberg David J. , Lal Karan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSkin's exposure to intrinsic and extrinsic factors causes age‐related changes, leading to a lower amount of dermal collagen and elastin.AimThis study investigated the effects of a novel facial muscle stimulation technology combined with radiofrequency (RF) heating on dermal collagen and elastin content for the treatment of facial wrinkles and skin laxity.MethodsThe active group subjects (N = 6) received four 20‐min facial treatments with simultaneous RF and facial muscle stimulation, once weekly. The control subject (N = 1) was untreated. Skin biopsies obtained at baseline, 1‐month and 3‐month follow‐up were evaluated histologically to determine collagen and elastin fibers content. A group of independent aestheticians evaluated facial skin appearance and wrinkle severity. Patient safety was followed.ResultsIn the active group, collagen‐occupied area reached 11.91 ± 1.80 × 106 μm2 (+25.32%, p < 0.05) and 12.35 ± 1.44 × 105 μm2 (+30.00%, p < 0.05) at 1‐month and 3‐month follow‐up visits. Elastin‐occupied area at 1‐month and 3‐month follow‐up was 1.64 ± 0.14 × 105 μm2 (+67.23%, p < 0.05), and 1.99 ± 0.21 × 105 μm2 (+102.80%, p < 0.05). In the control group, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in collagen and elastin fibers. Active group wrinkle scores decreased from 5 (moderate, class II) to 3 (mild, class I). All subjects, except the control, improved in appearance posttreatment. No adverse events or side effects occurred.ConclusionDecreased dermal collagen and elastin levels contributes to a gradual decline in skin elasticity, leading to facial wrinkles and unfirm skin. Study results showed noticeable improvement in facial appearance and increased dermal collagen and elastin content subsequent to simultaneous, noninvasive RF, and facial muscle stimulation treatments.
Access to credit and economic complexity: Evidence from Italian provinces
Authors: Basile Roberto , Giallonardo Luisa , Girardi Alessandro , Mantegazzi Daniele 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on the relationship between “urbanization economies” and access to bank credit by assessing the role of product variety and economic complexity in affecting local credit market conditions. Using quarterly data on Italian provinces for 2008–2018 and adopting a dynamic (spatial) econometric approach, the work provides robust evidence highlighting how local economic complexity reduces the barriers to accessing local credit markets. With a greater “qualified” diversification (higher economic complexity), banks access successful projects with greater probability and are more willing to grant credit. The estimation results also reveal the existence of long‐run spatial spillover effects. The empirical findings advocate for a nuanced and context‐specific policy framework. By embracing place‐based and mission‐oriented policies encouraging diversification and knowledge diffusion, regions can enhance their economic resilience and provide tailored support to businesses, ensuring their stability and growth even in the face of challenging credit conditions.
Effects of dispersal and geomorphology on riparian seed banks and vegetation in a boreal stream
Authors: Hoppenreijs Jacqueline H. T. , Lind Lovisa , Eckstein R. Lutz 
Published: March 2024

AbstractQuestionRiparian vegetation and seed banks are the foundation of functional riparian zones, yet insight in the processes that explain their composition is limited. We tested three theories fundamental to dispersal and environmental filtering of riparian seed banks and vegetation. Combining these theories, we expected hydrochory to lead to increased species richness downstream in both soil seed bank and vegetation with accumulation restarting after a lake section, and geomorphological filtering to lead to higher similarity of seed bank and vegetation composition locally and within lakes, slow‐flowing sections and rapids, respectively, than between them.LocationSvartån, a free‐flowing river in central Sweden.MethodsWe surveyed riparian vegetation and conducted a germination experiment on riparian soil seed bank cores from lakes, slow‐flowing sections and rapids. We combined these with trait data on seed dispersal syndromes, floating capacity of seeds and seed longevity. We analysed differences throughout the system with linear models and between process domains with Kruskal–Wallis tests and similarity in community composition with the Horn–Morisita similarity index.ResultsOur results indicated that species richness did not increase downstream and was relatively similar throughout lakes, slow‐flowing sections and rapids for both riparian seed banks and vegetation. Seed floating capacity was similar throughout these river sections, too, and seed longevity was higher in seed banks than in vegetation.ConclusionsGeomorphology and hydrochory were not as important drivers in this area for riparian seed bank and vegetation composition as expected. In the area and on the scale studied here, other local and regional environmental factors and dispersal syndromes are more likely to be determinants of riparian dynamics and composition. Continued studies of riparian seed banks can help improve our understanding of riparian composition and functioning in the future.
Climbing aroids in a Panamanian lowland forest: We should reconsider our categories
Authors: Einzmann Helena Julia Regina , Weichgrebe Letizia , Kohlstruck Juliane , Zotz Gerhard 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn contrast to woody climbers, information on community composition or vertical extension within the forest is scarce for herbaceous climbers, even in well‐studied field sites like Barro Colorado Island. Moreover, questions regarding ontogenetic patterns (site of germination, changes in root/shoot connection with the soil) are unresolved because of a lack of field data.LocationBarro Colorado Island, Panama.MethodsIn 17 plots of 400 m2 each, which were distributed all over the island, we recorded all potential hosts (trees, palms, lianas) with a diameter at breast height larger than 1 cm, and all climbing aroids attached to them. For aroids, we recorded species identity, number of shoots, root connections to the ground, and vertical shoot extension. By distinguishing three size classes for each species in our analyses we deduced the site of germination and ontogenetic changes in the root/shoot connection with the soil.ResultsOnly 16% of all potential hosts were occupied by climbing aroids. We recorded 1196 individuals of 17 species. Aroids preferred larger trees and old‐growth forest. Species differed strongly in vertical distribution. Hemiepiphytic species germinate epiphytically, often high up in tree crowns and later establish root contact with the soil, while the majority of species establish on or close to the ground and reach moderate heights of 5–15 m (forest height ca. 35 m). In all of these species, we observed dieback of the proximal portion of the shoot to a varying extent but contact with the soil was invariably retained via adventitious roots.ConclusionsWe provide rare quantitative data on species richness and abundance of herbaceous climbers in a tropical lowland forest. Few species fall neatly into the categories of vines, nomadic vines and hemiepiphytes. This highlights the need for longitudinal observational and experimental studies to resolve the current debate on the appropriate grouping of these climbers.
Effects of compound plant extracts on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and histomorphology of liver and intestine of rice field eel (Monopterus albus)
Authors: Luo Ao , Song Chunling , Wu Xiao , Li Min , Shi Chuanxin , Wu Shanshan , Lei Wei , Fang Peng , Peng Mo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCompound plant extracts (CPE) are beneficial for aquatic animals on growth performance and antioxidant capacity. A 56‐day experiment was conducted to investigate its positive effect on rice field eel. The fish were fed a commercial diet and supplementing CPE (mainly containing eucommia polysaccharides, reducing sugar) at 0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, and 3.2 g/kg. Results showed that dietary CPE significantly increased weight gain and specific growth rate (p < 0.05). Liver lipid content in 1.6 and 3.2 g/kg groups was significantly lower than in 0.8 and 2.4 g/kg groups (p < 0.05). Muscle lipid content in 0.8, 2.4, and 3.2 g/kg CPE groups was significantly lower than in control (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, intestinal digestive enzymatic activities in the 3.2 g/kg CPE group were the highest in comparison to all other groups (p < 0.05). Dietary CPE enhanced the antioxidant activities of serum and intestine (p < 0.05). Compared with the control, intestinal fold thickness in CPE groups was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary CPE reduced the degree of liver steatosis and the number of lipid droplet vacuoles. This study indicated that dietary CPE was beneficial to growth performance, antioxidant capacity, liver, and intestinal histology. Supplementation with 1.6–3.2 g/kg CPE is optimal for this eel species.
Advancing the white phase mobile traffic control paradigm to consider pedestrians
Authors: Niroumand Ramin , Hajibabai Leila , Hajbabaie Ali 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCurrent literature on joint optimization of intersection signal timing and connected automated vehicle (CAV) trajectory mostly focuses on vehicular movements paying no or little attention to pedestrians. This paper presents a methodology to safely incorporate pedestrians into signalized intersections with CAVs and connected human‐driven vehicles (CHVs). The movements of vehicles are controlled using both traffic lights and mobile CAV controllers during our newly introduced “white phase.” CAVs navigate platoons of CHVs through the intersection when the white phases are active. In addition to optimizing CAV trajectories, the model optimally selects the status of the traffic light signal among white and green indications for vehicular and walk and do‐not‐walk intervals for pedestrian movements. A receding horizon‐based methodology is used to capture the stochastic nature of the problem and to reduce computational complexity. The case study results show the successful operation of fleets consisting of pedestrians, CAVs, and CHVs with various demand levels through isolated intersections. The results also show that increasing the CAV market penetration rate (MPR) can decrease average intersection delay by up to 27%. Moreover, the average pedestrian, CHV, and CAV delays decrease as the CAV MPR increases and reach their minimum values with a fully CAV fleet. In addition, the presence of the white phase can decrease the intersection average delay by up to 14.7%.
A perspective on the impacts of microplastics on mosquito biology and their vectorial capacity
Authors: Jones Christopher M. , Hughes Grant L. , Coleman Sylvester , Fellows Rosie , Quilliam Richard S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMicroplastics (plastic particles <5 mm) permeate aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and constitute a hazard to animal life. Although much research has been conducted on the effects of microplastics on marine and benthic organisms, less consideration has been given to insects, especially those adapted to urban environments. Here, we provide a perspective on the potential consequences of exposure to microplastics within typical larval habitat on mosquito biology. Mosquitoes represent an ideal organism in which to explore the biological effects of microplastics on terrestrial insects, not least because of their importance as an infectious disease vector. Drawing on evidence from other organisms and knowledge of the mosquito life cycle, we summarise some of the more plausible impacts of microplastics including physiological, ecotoxicological and immunological responses. We conclude that although there remains little experimental evidence demonstrating any adverse effect on mosquito biology or pathogen transmission, significant knowledge gaps remain, and there is now a need to quantify the effects that microplastic pollution could have on such an important disease vector.