bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of PME/Pi in pig kidneys during cold ischemia
Authors: von Elverfeldt Dominik , Niekisch Miriam , Quaschning Thomas , Saman Andre El , Kirste Günter , Krämer‐Guth Annette , Hennig Jürgen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractQuality assessment of renal grafts via 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been investigated since 1986. As ATP concentrations decay rapidly during cold ischemia, the ratio of phosphomonoesters (PME) to inorganic phosphate (PiO) within the organ (PME/PiO) is commonly used as a quality marker and is considered to be the most reliable parameter. MRS did not lead to any delay in the transplantation procedure since it was performed during the time necessary for immunological matching (cross‐match). Differences in the time period until transplantation call for extrapolation of the measured ratio to the end of cold ischemia before correlating with graft performance after transplantation. Therefore, quantitative determination of PME/PiO kinetics is essential. As a model for metabolite decay in human renal grafts, pig kidneys obtained from a slaughterhouse were monitored for up to 80 h via 31P MRS at 2 T. By employing chemical shift imaging (CSI) with a spatial resolution of approximately 1 × 1 × 4 cm3, it was possible to reduce partial volume effects significantly. The improved spectral resolution gained through CSI enabled reliable PME/PiO ratios to be determined only from those voxels containing renal tissue. Spectra were fitted automatically using the magnetic resonance user interface (MRUI), with prior knowledge obtained from unlocalized spectra when necessary. A monoexponential time dependence of PME/PiO for histidine–tryptophane–alpha‐ketoglutarate (HTK)‐perfused kidneys during cold ischemia was observed, and the determined value of the decay constant α was 0.0099 ± 0.0012 h−1. In University of Wisconsin solution (UW)‐perfused kidneys, an α of 0.0183 ± 0.0053 h−1 was determined. Determination of the decay constant enables a usable extrapolation of PME/PiO for quality assessment of UW perfusion and a reliable extrapolation for HTK‐perfused human renal grafts. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design sensitivity analysis and optimization for minimizing springback of sheet‐formed part
Authors: Yi Kiyoung , Choi K. K. , Kim Nam H. , Botkin Mark E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe springback is a manufacturing defect in the stamping process and causes difficulty in product assembly. An impediment to the use of lighter‐weight, higher‐strength materials in manufacturing is relative lack of understanding about how these materials respond to complex forming processes. The springback can be reduced by using an optimized combination of die, punch, and blank holder shapes together with friction and blank‐holding force. An optimized process can be determined using a gradient‐based optimization to minimize the springback. For an effective optimization of the stamping process, development of an efficient design sensitivity analysis (DSA) for the springback with respect to these process parameters is crucial. A continuum‐based shape and configuration DSA method for the stamping process has been developed using a non‐linear shell model. The material derivative is used to develop the continuum‐based design sensitivity. The design sensitivity equation is solved without iteration at each converged load step in the finite deformation elastoplastic non‐linear analysis with frictional contact, which makes sensitivity calculation very efficient. Numerical implementation of the proposed shape and configuration DSA method is performed using the meshfree method. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are illustrated by minimizing the springback in a benchmark S‐rail problem. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and swelling behavior of amphoteric superabsorbent composite with semi‐IPN composed of poly(acrylic acid)/Ca‐bentonite/poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)
Authors: Zheng Liuchun , Xu Shimei , Peng Yang , Wang Jide , Peng Gui 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmphoteric superabsorbent composite with semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPN) composed of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/Ca‐bentonite/poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDMDAAC) was prepared by a combination of intercalative polymerization and a sequential IPN method and the effects of reaction parameters on the swelling capacity were studied. PDMDAAC was used as a polycation to modify bentonite and form semi‐IPN with lightly crosslinked PAA. FTIR and TG were used to characterize the amphoteric superabsorbent composites with semi‐IPN. The thermal stability of the product was not degraded as in the case of using small molecular surfactant to modify bentonite. The contents of carboxylic groups and nitrogen had been determined. This indicated that the product with certain content of carboxylic groups and nitrogen is inclined to exhibit excellent swelling capacity. The presence of PDMDAAC improved the swelling capacity. The resulting amphoteric superabsorbent composite showed excellent swelling capacity of 1578 g/g in distilled water and 136 g/g in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immune stimulating activity of an atrophic rhinitis vaccine associated to pegylated chitosan microspheres in vitro
Authors: Jiang Hu‐Lin , Park In‐Kyu , Kang Mi‐Lan , Yoo Han‐Sang , Choi Yun‐Jaie , Akaike Toshihiro , Cho Chong‐Su 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has previously been found that chitosan microspheres are easily aggregated due to their physical and storage instabilities. In this study, to overcome their instability, chitosan was covalently conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol). Pegylated chitosan microspheres were prepared through the ionic gelation process of pegylated chitosan with tripolyphosphate. Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotoxin, major virulence factor of atrophic rhinitis causative agent, was loaded onto pegylated chitosan microspheres for nasal vaccination. Average particle sizes of Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotoxin‐loaded pegylated chitosan microspheres were 5.47 µm. Microspheres obtained from pegylated chitosan microspheres were physically more stable than those from chitosan microspheres, and Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotoxin‐loaded pegylated chitosan microspheres released more Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotoxin than Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotoxin‐loaded chitosan microspheres in vitro. Macrophage RAW264.7 cells stimulated with Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotoxin‐loaded pegylated chitosan microspheres gradually secreted tumor necrosis factor α and nitric oxide, suggesting that pegylated chitosan microspheres are very promising vaccine delivery systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semilobar holoprosencephaly prenatal diagnosis: an unexpected complex rearrangement in a de novo apparently balanced reciprocal translocation on karyotype
Authors: Kanafani S. , Aboura A. , Pipiras E. , Carbillon L. , Tabet A. C. , Largillière C. , Garel C. , Gressens P. , Bucourt M. , Cedrin‐Durnerin I. , Lachassinne E. , Roumegoux C. , Uzan M. , Hugues J. N. , Wolf J. P. , Benzacken B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report a semilobar holoprosencephaly (HPE) in a post‐intracytoplasmic‐sperm‐injection pregnancy. It was suggested by ultrasonography (US), documented on karyotype, identified with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), established after birth and confirmed on post‐mortem autopsy. An amniocentesis revealed a de novo apparently balanced reciprocal translocation 46,XY, t(7;8) (q31.3;q12). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) identified a deletion in the region of the Sonic Hedgehog gene (SHH) on der(8); nevertheless, the subtelomeric regions for chromosomes 7 and 8 were present. The parents decided to continue the pregnancy; a boy was born and survived for 3 days. The brain autopsy confirmed the semilobar HPE previously noted on US and MRI. Further, band‐specific FISH revealed, in addition to SHH deletion, the presence of an inversion in the 7q translocated material on der(8). The parents' karyotypes were normal. An unexpected complex rearrangement was present in a de novo apparently balanced reciprocal translocation in a semilobar HPE. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal serum free‐β‐chorionic gonadotrophin, pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A and fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10–13+6 weeks in relation to co‐variables in pregnant Saudi women
Authors: Ardawi Mohammed‐Salleh M. , Nasrat Hasan A. , Rouzi Abdulrahim A. , Qari Mohammed H. , Al‐Qahtani Mohammed H. , Abuzenadah Adel M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo establish normative values and distribution parameters of first‐trimester screening markers, namely, fetal nuchal translucency (NT), maternal serum free β‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐hCG) and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A), at 10 to 13+6 weeks of gestation in Saudi women and to evaluate the effect of co‐variables including maternal body weight, gravidity, parity, fetal gender, twin pregnancy, smoking and ethnicity on these markers.MethodsA cohort of Saudi women (first cohort n = 1616) with singleton pregnancies prospectively participated in the present study, and fetal NT together with maternal serum free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A were determined at 10 to 13+6 weeks of gestation. The distribution of gestational age‐independent multiples of the median (MoM) of the parameters was defined and normative values were established, and correction for maternal body weight was made accordingly. The influence of various co‐variables was examined using the data collected from the first and the second (n = 1849) cohorts of women and 62 twin pregnancies, and compared with other studies.ResultsAll markers exhibited log‐normally distributed MoMs. Gestational age‐independent normative values were established. Maternal body weight was corrected, particularly for maternal free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A using standard methods. Fetal NT showed a negative relationship with increasing gravidity (r = −0.296) or parity (r = −0.311), whereas both free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A exhibited a significant positive relationship. There was a significant increase in the MoM of free β‐hCG in female fetuses. Smoking decreased MoM values of free β‐hCG (by 14.6%; P < 0.01) and PAPP‐A (by 18.8%; P < 0.001). Twin pregnancy showed significant increases in MoM values of free β‐hCG (by 1.87‐fold) and PAPP‐A (by 2.24‐fold), with no significant changes in fetal NT MoM values. Fetal NT MoM values were lower in Africans and Asians but higher in Orientals, as compared to Saudi women (P < 0.05; in each case). MoM values (body weight‐corrected) of free β‐hCG were 25.2% higher in Africans and 19.4% higher in Orientals but 6.8% lower in other Arabian and Asian (by 5.8%) women as compared to Saudi women (P < 0.05; in each case).ConclusionsThe normative values and distribution parameters for fetal NT, maternal serum free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A were established in Saudi singleton pregnancies, the maternal body weight together with smoking, twin pregnancy and ethnicity being important first‐trimester screening co‐variables. Gravidity, parity and fetal gender are also considered to influence one or more of the first‐trimester markers examined. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of leptomeningeal metastasis‐related proteins in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with breast cancer by a combination of MALDI‐TOF, MALDI‐FTICR and nanoLC‐FTICR MS
Authors: Römpp Andreas , Dekker Lennard , Taban Ioana , Jenster Guido , Boogerd Willem , Bonfrer Hans , Spengler Bernhard , Heeren Ron , Smitt Peter Sillevis , Luider Theo M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLeptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a devastating complication occurring in 5% of breast cancer patients. However, the current ‘gold standard’ of diagnosis, namely microscopic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is false‐negative in 25% of patients at the first lumbar puncture. In a previous study, we analyzed a set of 151 CSF samples (tryptic digests) by MALDI‐TOF and detected peptide masses that were differentially expressed in breast cancer patients with LM. In the present study, we obtain for a limited number of samples exact masses for these peptides by MALDI‐FTICR MS measurements. Identification of these peptides was performed by electrospray FTICR MS after separation by nano‐scale LC. The database results were confirmed by targeted high mass accuracy measurements of the fragment ions in the FTICR cell. The combination of automated high‐throughput MALDI‐TOF measurements and analysis by FTICR MS leads to the identification of 17 peptides corresponding to 9 proteins. These include proteins that are operative in host‐disease interaction, inflammation and immune defense (serotransferrin, alpha 1‐antichymotrypsin, hemopexin, haptoglobin and transthyretin). Several of these proteins have been mentioned in the literature in relation to cancer. The identified proteins alpha1‐antichymotrypsin and apolipoprotein E have been described in relation to Alzheimer's disease and brain cancer.
From Genome to Proteome: Back to the Future Report on the 7th Siena meeting, September 3–7, 2006
Authors: Pennington Kyla , Pedersen Kasper J. , McManus Ciara A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report reviews the 7th Siena Meeting ‘From Genome to Proteome: Back to the Future’ which took place in Italy from 3–7 September, 2006. There was a significant rise in the number of delegates attending compared with previous Siena meetings. A diversity of speakers and presentations addressed the theme of the meeting in moving proteomics forward to integrate with biology as a whole entity rather than in isolated fractions. In addition, technological advancements in sample preparation and separation as well as identification were discussed.
Lyotropic liquid‐crystalline behavior of polyisocyanodipeptides
Authors: Metselaar Gerald A. , Wezenberg Sander J. , Cornelissen Jeroen J. L. M. , Nolte Roeland J. M. , Rowan Alan E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRigid, helical polyisocyanodipeptides derived from alanine (PIAAs) that form lyotropic liquid‐crystalline (LC) phases in tetrachloroethane are presented. An investigation by optical microscopy between crossed polarizers demonstrated that PIAAs prepared by the polymerization of isocyanodipeptide monomers with an activated tetrakis isocyanide nickel(II) catalyst could form cholesteric LC phases in tetrachloroethane in concentrations between 18 and 30 wt %. Cholesteric LC phases that were formed in solutions of greater than 25 wt % displayed a reversal of the cholesteric helix upon annealing at 50 °C. Diastereomeric PIAA mixtures displayed cholesteric LC behavior only when the PIAAs had the same helix screw sense. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 981–988, 2007
Magneto‐subbands in spin–orbit coupled quantum wires with anisotropic 2‐D harmonic potential
Authors: Jeong In‐Taek , Sung Min‐Gyu , Jeon Gun Sang , Yoo Keon‐Ho , Woo Jong‐Chun 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe spin states of electrons in a perpendicular magnetic field (B) are studied with the introduction of anisotropic harmonic confinement and spin–orbit coupling (SOC) (both Dresselhaus and Rashba interactions). The effective g ‐factors, as well as B ‐dependence of subbands, are numerically calculated for GaAs and their dependence on confinement strength and degree of anisotropy is estimated. This model is in good agreement with previous reports [PRB 72, 155410 (2005) and so on] in the isotropic limit and weak SOC, indicating its usefulness for slightly deformed quantum dots and short quantum wire. However, dispersion caused by mixing of spin states imposes limitations when SOC and confinement are comparable. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Domain‐wall contribution to magnetoresistance of a ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As layer
Authors: Wosiński T. , Figielski T. , Pelya O. , Mąkosa A. , Morawski A. , Sadowski J. , Dobrowolski W. , Szymczak R. , Wróbel J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLow‐temperature charge‐carrier transport in simple magnetoresistive nanodevices, consisted of narrow constrictions of submicron width in the epitaxial layer of a ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As semiconductor, has been investigated and correlated with magnetic properties of the layer. The devices containing constrictions revealed abrupt jumps of a reduced resistance that appeared when the sweeping magnetic field crossed the regions of the coercive field of the layer magnetization. In contrast, the non‐constricted reference device displayed abrupt jumps of an enhanced resistance at the same values of magnetic field. We interpret the both features, whose positions on the magnetic‐field scale reflect the hysteresis loop of magnetization, as manifestation of domain wall contribution to the (Ga,Mn)As layer resistance. The negative contribution of a domain wall to the resistance in the constricted device results most likely from the suppression of the weak localization effects by a domain wall located at the constriction. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transport properties of the orbital Kondo effect via quantum dot systems with plural electrons
Authors: Sakano R. , Kita T. , Ohashi T. , Suga S. , Kawakami N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe study transport properties of the orbital Kondo effect via single quantum dot systems with plural electrons by applying the noncrossing approximation to the Anderson impurity model with orbitals. Investigating the case for the half filling of the quantum dot with three orbitals, we discuss the effects of the orbital level splitting on the conductance and the thermopower. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers by decomposition of acetylene over a SMAD palladium catalyst
Authors: Segura Rodrigo , Tello Alejandra , Cardenas Galo , Häberle Patricio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFilament‐like Carbon Nanostructures were synthesized by decomposition of acetylene over an alumina supported palladium catalyst prepared by the SMAD method. The structure of carbon products was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Between 500 and 700 °C the predominant structures were carbon nanofibers. Between 750 and 800 °C an important mass and volume increase of carbon products was observed. For this temperature range most of the Carbon was in the form of high quality multiwall carbon nanotubes. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermal properties of high power laser bars investigated by spatially resolved thermoreflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Pierścińska D. , Pierściński K. , Bugajski M. , Tomm J. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe present results of an analysis of the thermal properties of high‐power laser bars obtained by spatially resolved thermoreflectance (TR) spectroscopy. The study of facet heating in high power laser bars is presented. The TR spectroscopy allowed for insight into degradation processes of emitters as well as the heat management of the devices.Thermoreflectance is a modulation technique relying on periodic temperature modulation induced by pulsed current supply of the device. Information obtained in these experiments provide insight into thermal processes occurring at device facets and potentially leads to increased reliability and substantially longer lifetimes of such structures. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wen‐pi‐tang‐Hab‐Wu‐ling‐san, an oriental herbal prescription, attenuates epithelial‐mesenchymal transdifferentiation stimulated by TGF‐β1 in kidney cells
Authors: Lee Sang Il , Kim Hyo Jung , Baek Moon‐Chang , Park Kwon Moo , Park Yongki , Yoon Cheol Ho , Boo Yong Chool 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWen‐pi‐tang‐Hab‐Wu‐ling‐san (WHW), an oriental herbal prescription, is currently used in oriental clinics for the treatment of chronic renal failure (CRF). While its effectiveness has been supported by a series of modern studies, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. CRF progression involves tubulointerstitial fibrosis where transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) plays a critical role by inducing epithelial‐mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT). This study examined whether WHW extract attenuated the TGF‐β1‐induced EMT in Madin‐Darby canine kidney cells. When the cells were stimulated by TGF‐β1 (2.5 ng/mL), they exhibited an elongated, spindle‐shaped appearance but this morphological change was significantly suppressed by WHW extract (1 mg/mL). The WHW extract did not show notable cytotoxicity and even mitigated the cytotoxic effects of TGF‐β1. It inhibited the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), a marker of EMT, but not the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases stimulated by TGF‐β1. The WHW extract also inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad2 that mediates TGF‐β1 signaling leading to α‐SMA expression. The present study suggests that WHW extract may provide renal protective effects through modulation of the TGF‐β1/Smad2/α‐SMA pathway involved in fibrosis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The rainfall of the Wrexham district
Authors: Ashmore S. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe space‐distribution of the rainfall of the Wrexham district, referred to the period 1880‐1942 is given in a map. The distribution in time is analysed under the following divisions:–‐Calendar years, seasonal years, months, seasons, dry and wet spells, and days, and the rainfall régime of the district is discussed. A few of the results are given here.
The climate is of the rain‐shadow type; the incidence of the equinoctial oscillation resembles that of the West Wales stations; the modifying 6‐monthly oscillation is akin to that of dry places such as Rhyl.
The second half of the period under consideration was far wetter than the first half, but it appears that drier conditions may now be re‐commencing.
January has recently tended to become a relatively wetter month.
June provides a notably low percentage of the year's rainfall.
The probability of very excessive annual rainfalls is smaller on the high ground than at low levels.
Skewness is absent from the distribution of 3‐yearly totals at both high and low altitudes.
There is more than the normal tendency for the persistence of both dry and wet sequences of months, when they have lasted six months.
The probable maximum duration of a partial drought is 55 days, and of a rain spell, 38 days.
The mean rainfall per rain‐day is lower than for the British Isles as a whole.
The driest six months give about 30 per cent of the average annual total; the wettest three months about 40 per cent, and the wettest four about 50 per cent.
On the average, the wettest 30 days give half the year's total. The relation between the wetfest n days of the year and the percentage P of the average annual fall is
Jameson's law R=QtK, where R is the mean maximum rain falling in t days holds up to 10 days.
Bilham's law F=ae−bR, where F is the frequency of daily falls with a lower limit R, also holds.
Sequences of wet and dry months and the theory of probability
Authors: Beer Arthur , Drummond A. J. , Fürth R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerial values of monthly rainfall over long periods at Kew and six other stations in the British Isles have been analysed. The means for each of the twelve months were formed and the sequences of wet and dry months (above and below average respectively) investigated. It was found that a close relationship existed between m, the number of successive like months, and F, the frequency with which such a series occurred; namely log F=Rm+S, where R and S are constants for each station.In Section III, after statistical tests for the absence of correlation, a mathematical theory has been advanced on the basis that the sequences are purely accidental. The probability formulae obtained explained fully the empirical relationship, giving a satisfactory representation of the observational data.