bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Isospora suis-induced coccidiosis on a swine farm
Authors: Ernst John V. , Lindsay David S. , Current William L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Results of a program designed to control neonatal porcine coccidiosis on a total confinement, farrow-to-finish swine farm are reported. The control program consisted of washing, phenol disinfection, and steam cleaning of farrowing houses and treatment of sows with amprolium HCl before and after farrowing. Before initiation of the control program, 88.9% of the sows examined in the farrowing house were negative for coccidian oocysts, 9.9% were positive for Eimeria spp, and 1.2% were positive for Isospora suis. Most pigs nursing on sows before initiation of the control program had diarrhea at 5 to 10 days of age, which led to dehydration and weight loss. Morbidity was high, and mortality was moderate. Composite fecal samples from these litters were all positive (100%) for I suis. After initiation of the control program, 99.6% of the sows examined in the farrowing house were negative for coccidian oocysts and 0.4% were positive for Eimeria spp. Clinical signs of coccidiosis were rarely present in nursing pigs examined after the control program was initiated; however, I suis was still present in 19.8% of the composite fecal samples from pigs examined. An association between oocyst production in sows and I suis infections in pigs was not found in the present study. Oocysts of Eimeria spp were not found in the feces from the pigs.
Effects of three diets on dogs with induced chronic renal failure
Authors: Finco Delmar R. , Crowell Wayne A. , Barsanti Jeanne A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Healthy mixed-bred dogs of both sexes had renal mass surgically reduced and were allowed 2 to 3 months for hypertrophy of the remnant kidney. They were then allotted into 3 groups with equal renal function and were fed 1 of 3 diets that differed in composition. Group 1 dogs (n = 6) were fed moist food that contained 50% protein, 2.34% Ca, and 1.64% P with a P-binding agent (basic aluminum carbonate gel) added. Group 2 dogs (n = 6) were fed a dry diet that contained 24.5% protein, 1.26% Ca, 1.21% P, and the same P-binding agent as used for group 1. Group 3 dogs (n = 7) were fed a moist diet that contained 16.1% protein, 0.38% Ca, and 0.3% P without a P-binding agent. Each group was fed its diet for 92 days and monitored for responses. Mortality associated with uremia occurred in 2 of 6 group 1 dogs, 0 of 6 group 2 dogs, and in 2 of 7 group 3 dogs. Among survivors, clinical signs were seen in the more azotemic dogs of group 1, but not in dogs of groups 2 and 3. The blood urea nitrogen, plasma P concentrations, and pcv values were most favorable in group 3 and least favorable in group 1. Marked differences between groups were not seen in plasma concentrations of protein, albumin, or Ca or in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity.
Values for glomerular filtration rate did not change in any group during the experiment. Significant differences between groups were not seen in brain mineral concentration, kidney mineral concentration, or kidney histologic findings. Thus, progression of renal disease did not occur with any of the diets under the conditions of the study.
Serum pancreatic polypeptide and amylase concentrations in dogs with experimentally induced acute pancreatitis
Authors: Murtaugh R. J. , Jacobs R. M. , Sherding R. G. , O'Dorisio T. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum concentrations of immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide (ipp) were measured serially for 7 days after experimental induction of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in dogs by infusion of oleic acid into the pancreatic duct. The mean serum ipp concentrations in dogs with pancreatitis were increased significantly (P = 0.013) for 96 hours after induction of pancreatitis. Providing food at 108 hours resulted in significant increases (P = 0.032) in mean serum ipp concentrations in sham-operated control dogs compared with dogs with induced pancreatitis. This was attributed to cephalic-phase release of ipp due to a conditioned response that resulted from feeding immediately after each blood sampling. Mean serum ipp concentrations returned to base line more quickly than did mean serum amylase concentrations in dogs with pancreatitis.
Oral papillomatosis in New Zealand white rabbits
Authors: Sundberg John P. , Junge Randall E. , El Shazly Mohamad O. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Oral papillomas were seen in 31% of New Zealand white rabbits (n = 51) examined from 2 local sources. Papillomavirus structural antigens were detected by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique in cells of the stratum spinosum which contained basophilic intranuclear inclusions. Homogenates of papillomas hemagglutinated mouse rbc and also induced papillomas on the ventral surface of tongues, but not bulbar conjunctiva or vulva, of susceptible rabbits. The same oral papilloma homogenate induced fibromas in neonatal hamsters. Homogenates of hamster fibromas did not cause lesions on tongues of susceptible rabbits.
Evaluation of jackrabbits as nonruminant hosts for Anaplasma marginale
Authors: Zaugg J. L. , Newman B. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus), 1 splenectomized and 1 intact, were inoculated with 0.2 ml of a 1:5 dilution of a Florida Anaplasma marginale stabilate. Five months later, both hares were inoculated with 1 ml of whole blood from a calf with acute anaplasmosis. Neither hare developed any signs of clinical anaplasmosis. Pooled blood (7 ml) from these jackrabbits which was inoculated into 2 Anaplasma-susceptible, splenectomized calves failed to induce hematologic or serologic signs of anaplasmosis for at least 90 days.
Two susceptible, splenectomized calves were inoculated with 35 ml of pooled whole blood from 9 wild-collected black-tailed jackrabbits from a known anaplasmosis enzootic area. Both steers remained free of anaplasmosis signs for 90 days.
Pathogenesis and electron microscopic changes of spherulogenesis of Coccidioides immitis (valley fever)
Authors: Gabal M. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pathogenesis and electron microscopic changes of spherulogenesis of Coccidioides immitis were determined. The organism showed a strong affinity for lung tissue, with granuloma developing in 100% (n = 40) of animals after subcutaneous and intraperitoneal inoculation. Intranasal instillation of the arthrospores resulted in moderate granuloma, with a markedly low frequency rate of infection in 11 animals (55%). Intradermal inoculation and skin scarification did not induce systemic infection. Unlike other routes used to induce infection, only 30% of the mice showed cutaneous changes, whereas in the group infected by skin scarification, 25% of the animals revealed pathologic changes. Indurated tiny nodular lesions developed in the skin at the site of the inoculation. The lesions did not ulcerate, and complete resolution was observed in 4 to 6 weeks.
Electron microscopy of the spherulogenesis showed that the tissue form of the fungus replicated in the host tissues by segmentation of the innermost stratum of the wall of the spherule. The layer appeared to function as a germinating center, and as many as 8 spores of irregular size and shape were produced within a kidney-shaped segment. Many segments were in each spherule. The spores were separated, pushed more centrally, and became rounded to become the endospores. When the endospores were freed, each developed into a spherule.
Effect of protective padding on forelimb intracompartmental muscle pressures in anesthetized horses
Authors: Lindsay W. A. , Pascoe P. J. , McDonell W. N. , Burgess M. L. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Wick catheters were used to measure intracompartmental muscle pressures (icmp) within the long heads of the triceps brachii and extensor carpi radialis muscles of 8 horses maintained under halothane anesthesia while their breathing was controlled by intermittent positive-pressure ventilation. Blood gas, cardiac output, and blood pressure determinations were monitored to maintain a stable plane of anesthesia. The horses were positioned in left lateral recumbency and were placed sequentially on each of 4 contact surfaces for 1 hour. The 4 surfaces used for each horse were concrete, foam rubber, air dunnage bag, and a water mattress. Hematologic and biochemical determinations were made before and 24 hours after anesthesia. All horses recovered from the anesthesia. One horse had forelimb lameness for 36 hours after anesthesia, which was clinically diagnosed as a myoneuropathy. The icmp values were markedly elevated in the muscle bellies of the lower limb of all horses. Supporting the horse on a water mattress caused the least dramatic pressure elevation and foam caused the most.
The triceps muscle and, to a lesser extent, the extensor carpi radialis muscle of the lower limb are at risk of ischemia in anesthetized horses because the icmp may exceed the critical closing pressure of 30 mm of Hg required for capillary blood flow.
Chondrolysis associated with cartilage canals of the epiphyseal cartilage of the distal humerus of growing pigs
Authors: Kincaid S. A. , Allhands R. V. , Pijanowski G. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The articular-epiphyseal (a-e) cartilage of the distal humeri of 7 pigs weighing 13.1 to 18.2 kg and of 3 pigs weighing 36.4 to 40.9 kg was studied. Frozen samples of a-e cartilage were stained for the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and uridine diphosphate galactose-4-epimerase. Additional frozen sections and paraffin-processed sections were stained using the Alcian blue-critical electrolyte concentration method, safranin 0-fast green, and hematoxylin and eosin. An area of grossly visible, opaque a-e cartilage of the medial condyle corresponded to regions of chondrolysis of the epiphyseal cartilage. The chondrolytic regions contained chondrocytes that did not stain for enzymes, had reduced staining for proteoglycans in the matrix, and were located at the site where the a-e cartilage increased in thickness. Cartilage canals were associated with the chondrolytic areas. Cartilage canals in both groups of pigs were commonly in various stages of chondrification, some of which were associated with degenerative cartilage. The regions of chondrolysis may indicate sites of biomechanical weakness in the a-e cartilage during the transformation of the epiphyseal cartilage into bone.
Effects of intravesical hydrostatic pressure and volume on the distensibility of the canine prostatic portion of the urethra
Authors: Johnston Gary R. , Feeney Daniel A. , Osborne Carl A. , Johnston Shirley D. , Smith Frances O. , Jessen Carl R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Positive-contrast retrograde urethrocystograms were obtained serially on 12 male dogs weighing 11.4 to 23.2 kg before, during, and after the injection of contrast medium until the urinary bladder neck and prostatic and membranous portions of the urethra remained open and distended as viewed by fluoroscopy. Correlations of intravesical volumes and pressures required to achieve maximum distension of the midprostatic portion of the urethra with body weight and surface area were not significant.
Because of the variability in intravesical volumes and pressures encountered at maximum distension of the prostatic portion of the urethra, a dose of contrast material expressed relative to body weight or surface area could not be determined for consistently providing maximum distension of the prostatic portion of the urethra.
Anatomic and radiographic appearance of a sesamoid bone in the tendon of origin of the supinator muscle of dogs
Authors: Wood A. K. W. , McCarthy P. H. , Howlett C. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Radiologic and anatomic studies of the elbow of 100 dogs of 17 different breeds showed that a sesamoid bone may be located in a constantly present sesamoid cartilage associated with the tendon of origin of the supinator muscle. The sesamoid was observed in 31% of the radiographs of 100 supinator tendons dissected from 50 of the dogs. The bone was usually bilateral and was best demonstrated in craniocaudal medial-to-lateral oblique radiographs of the elbow where it articulated with the craniolateral aspect of the head of the radius.
Healing of surgically created defects in the equine superficial digital flexor tendon: Effects of pulsing electromagnetic field therapy on collagen-type transformation and tissue morphologic reorganization
Authors: Watkins J. P. , Auer J. A. , Morgan S. J. , Gay S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of pulsing electromagnetic field (pemf) therapy on the healing of surgically created defects in equine superficial digital flexor tendons was evaluated. Defects were created in both front superficial digital flexor tendons of 20 horses. The defect in 1 limb was exposed to a pemf for 2 hours daily. The other limb served as a control. Histologic and immunofluorescent evaluations were done in horses killed at postsurgical weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24. Therapy with the pemf significantly (P < 0.05) delayed the maturation of the tissue formed within the defect at postsurgical weeks 8 and 12, as determined by histologic examination. The collagen-type transformation was also delayed by the pemf therapy, but to a degree that was not significant.
Canine Rocky Mountain spotted fever: A kennel epizootic
Authors: Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Meuten Donald J. , Walker David H. , Levy Michael , Kennedy Karen , King Memorie , Curtis Barbara 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Within a period of 5 consecutive days after the initial observation of illness was made, 7 of 12 Siberian Husky dogs developed clinical signs of Rickettsia rickettsii infection. One dog died and was necropsied. Clinical signs of infection consisted of lethargy, anorexia, ocular and nasal discharges, and neurologic disorder (incoordination and rolling). Scleral blood vessel injection, fever, lymphadenomegaly, splenomegaly, and increased bronchovesicular lung sounds were prominent findings. Clinical laboratory test results identified decreased platelet numbers, variable neutrophil counts, increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and bilirubinuria.
Diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever was confirmed by serologic evaluation of acute and convalescent sera, using the microimmunofluorescence technique, and R rickettsii antigen was determined by demonstration of intracellular rickettsial organisms in vascular endothelial cells of brain and lung (stained with carbol-basic fuchsin and aqueous malachite green) and by demonstration of spotted fever-group rickettsiae in tissues by direct fluorescent antibody technique. Near-simultaneous naturally occurring tick-borne infection of 7 dogs with R rickettsii documents an unreported occurrence.
Appearance of ovine progressive pneumonia virus outside the United States
Authors: Perk K. , Irving S. G. , Yaniv A. , Gazit A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A recently isolated Israeli retrovirus from a sheep with maedi-visna was compared with other retroviruses, using cDNA-RNA hybridization in solution. The Israeli isolate was shown to have close, if not identical, genetic homologic features with the ovine progressive pneumonia virus reported in the United States, rather than with those of the maedivisna viruses of European origin.
Chromosomal evaluation of a ewe lamb with atresia ani vaginalis
Authors: Swartz Helen A. , Vogt Dale W. , Michalski Karen A. , Warren John E. , Kiesling David 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Chromosomes of a ewe lamb born with atresia ani vaginalis were examined after a 72-hour culture of peripheral whole blood. The 2n number of chromosomes was 54,XX, with no apparent deviation from normality. Pedigree analysis of the ewe lamb indicated that her sire and dam were only slightly related (Rsd = 0.59%); therefore, the amount of inbreeding of the lamb was small (Fx = 0.30%).
Epizootiologic investigations of a diarrheic syndrome in fattening pigs
Authors: Jestin A. , Popoff M. R. , Maké S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A diarrheic syndrome linked to Clostridium perfringens was observed in fattening pigs. A good correlation was observed between the onset and the severity of diarrhea and the fecal passage of C perfringens enterotoxin. Intestinal fluids from affected pigs had activity comparable with that detected in a purified C perfringens enterotoxin. Seven pigs excreting enterotoxin were shown to develop serum antibodies to C perfringens enterotoxin.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of Corynebacterium (Rhodococcus) equi infection in foals
Authors: Takai Shinji , Kawazu Shinichiro , Tsubaki Shiro 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to diagnose Corynebacterium (Rhodococcus) equi infection in foals. In tests done with different antigen-extraction procedures (sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium deoxycholate, polyoxy-ethylene [9] p-tert-octylphenol, polyoxy-ethylene [9-10] p-tert-octylphenol, sonification, homogenization, and heat treatment at 121 C), Tween 20 was a satisfactory reactive antigen. Using hyperimmune rabbit sera or infected foal sera, we investigated the specificity and the sensitivity of the elisa with the Tween 20 antigen of the different serotypes or of the isolates. Corynebacterium equi strain ATCC 6939 antigen had the best activity for detecting antibodies to C equi in foals. Sera from 218 healthy horses, 11 healthy foals, 17 healthy newborn foals, a foal with suspected C equi infection, and 5 infected foals were evaluated for antibodies to C equi, using elisa. The optical density values of 206 healthy horses, 17 healthy newborn foals, and 9 healthy foals were < 0.1. Infected foal sera, except from foal 3, and serum from a foal with suspected C equi infection had higher optical density values. Using elisa, specific antibodies against C equi were detected in a naturally infected 6-week-old foal after the foal had a rapid increase in the number of bacteria in the feces and after the initial development of clinical signs of illness at 5 weeks of age. Therefore, elisa was useful for the early diagnosis of C equi infection in foals.
Light and electron microscopic comparisons of cutaneous fibromas in white-tailed and mule deer
Authors: Sundberg John P. , Hill David L. , Williams Elizabeth S. , Nielsen Svend W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cutaneous fibromas of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), when compared with normal skin of the same species, had a thinner basement membrane; thickened stratum spinosum with numerous melanocytes, desmosomes, polyribosomes, and tonofilaments; focal hyperplasia of the stratum granulosum containing numerous large, electron-dense keratohyalin granules with irregular borders and containing occasional cells with diffuse intranuclear virus particles; and a moderately thickened stratum corneum with (although rarely) small crystalline arrays of virus particles. Normal mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) skin was structurally similar to that of the white-tailed deer. Mule deer fibromas were similar to those in white-tailed deer, except for diffuse thickening of the stratum granulosum (the cells of which contained large keratohyalin granules of various electron densities with occasional composite granules) and except for a markedly thickened stratum corneum that contained numerous intranuclear viral inclusions. In negatively stained homogenates of tumors from both deer species, viral particles resembled papillomaviruses.
Erythrocyte volume distribution in rainbow trout
Authors: Haley P. J. , Weiser M. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Reference mean corpuscular volume and volume heterogeneity values for erythrocytes of 23 rainbow trout were measured, using an electronic particle counter, and were analyzed, using a particle-size analyzer and microcomputer. The mean (± sd) erythrocyte count was 1.5 × 106 ± 0.16 × 106 cells/µl, the mean corpuscular volume was 346 ± 25 fl, and the mean coefficient of variation of erythrocyte volumes was 29 ± 2.3%. All erythrogram curves were skewed to the right, representing a mean of 15.6 ± 3.5% of the total cells counted.
Assessment of compensatory renal function and [125I]iothalamate clearance in sheep
Authors: Filippich Lucio J. , English Peter B. , Ainscow Janet 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Compensatory renal function and sodium [125I]iothalamate clearance were studied in 4 adult Merino ewes. Renal clearances of inulin (Cin), iothalamate (Ciot), and p-ammohippurate (Cpah) were used to measure renal function before and 7 and 170 days after 50% and 75% reductions in renal mass. Renal mass reduction to 50% of normal was achieved by ligation of the right renal artery, and to 25% of normal by ligating the right renal artery and branches of the left renal artery. Renal function (Cin and Cpah) after 50% renal mass reduction was 78% of normal on postligation day (pld) 7 and 64% of normal on pld 170. This decrease in renal function between pld 7 and 170 was significant (P < 0.05). Renal function (Cin and Cpah) after 75% renal mass reduction was 55% of normal on pld 7 and 48% on pld 170; however, this decrease in renal function between pld 7 and 170 was not significant. Results indicated that, shortly after 50% renal mass reduction by renal arterial ligation, renal function in ewes was greater than that previously reported after unilateral nephrectomy and that a further decrease in renal function developed within 6 months after ligation. The mean Ciot in healthy ewes was 2.46 ml/min/kg of body weight. In healthy ewes and in ewes after renal mass reduction, regression of the simultaneous Ciot and Cin was Ciot = 0.276 + 1.05 Cin. The Ciot was higher than the corresponding Cin, and remained significantly (P < 0.01) and consistently higher. Therefore, iothalamate can be used to estimate glomerular filtration rate in sheep, although a correction factor is required.
Detection of viral antigens in bluetongue virus-infected ovine tissues, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique
Authors: Cherrington J. M. , Ghalib H. W. , Sawyer M. M. , Osburn B. I. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An indirect immunoperoxidase procedure was developed to detect viral antigens in bluetongue virus (btv)-infected tissues. Embryonating chicken eggs were infected with btv serotypes 10, 11, 13, or 17, and the chorioallantoic membranes were subsequently fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) system was used to examine the infected membranes for the presence of viral antigens. Sheep antisera raised against btv serotypes 10, 11, 13, and 17 served as the primary antibodies in the pap procedure. Specific staining was observed when each of these antisera was applied to membranes expressing antigens of homologous and heterologous btv serotypes. The pap method was rapid, reliable, and specific in its detection of btv.