bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Philosophy as dia‐philosophy: Hector‐Neri Castañeda's theoretical defense of pluralism
Authors: Dolcini Nevia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on Hector‐Neri Castañeda's significant contributions to metaphilosophy. In his 1980 work, On Philosophical Method, Castañeda articulates a unique perspective, characterizing philosophy as fundamentally a dia‐philosophical activity. By asserting the supremacy of synthesis over analysis within the metaphilosophical hierarchy, his account provides a purely theoretical defense of philosophical pluralism devoid of any relativistic inclinations. Despite Castañeda's enduring influence and profound impact on ongoing discussions in ontology, logic, and the philosophy of language, his metaphilosophical insights have largely been neglected. In the context of today's increasingly diverse philosophical landscape, this paper posits that Castañeda's pluralist metaphilosophy retains substantial theoretical relevance.
Physical models of bacterial chromosomes
Authors: Harju Janni , Broedersz Chase P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe interplay between bacterial chromosome organization and functions such as transcription and replication can be studied in increasing detail using novel experimental techniques. Interpreting the resulting quantitative data, however, can be theoretically challenging. In this minireview, we discuss how connecting experimental observations to biophysical theory and modeling can give rise to new insights on bacterial chromosome organization. We consider three flavors of models of increasing complexity: simple polymer models that explore how physical constraints, such as confinement or plectoneme branching, can affect bacterial chromosome organization; bottom‐up mechanistic models that connect these constraints to their underlying causes, for instance, chromosome compaction to macromolecular crowding, or supercoiling to transcription; and finally, data‐driven methods for inferring interpretable and quantitative models directly from complex experimental data. Using recent examples, we discuss how biophysical models can both deepen our understanding of how bacterial chromosomes are structured and give rise to novel predictions about bacterial chromosome organization.
The double burden of malnutrition in individuals: Identifying key challenges and re‐thinking research focus
Authors: Kiosia Agklinta , Dagbasi Aygul , Berkley James A. , Wilding John P. H. , Prendergast Andrew J. , Li Jia V. , Swann Jon , Mathers John C. , Kerac Marko , Morrison Douglas , Drake Lesley , Briend Andre , Maitland Kathryn , Frost Gary 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe ‘double burden of malnutrition’ is a global health challenge that increasingly affects populations in both low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). This phenomenon refers to the coexistence of undernutrition and overweight or obesity, as well as other diet‐related non‐communicable diseases, in the same population, household or even individual. While noteworthy progress has been made in reducing undernutrition in some parts of the world, in many of these areas, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, particularly in urban areas, resulting in greater numbers of people who were undernourished in childhood and have overweight or obesity in adulthood. This creates a complex and challenging situation for research experts and policymakers who must simultaneously address the public health burdens of undernutrition and overweight/obesity. This review identifies key challenges and limitations in the current research on the double burden of malnutrition in individuals, including the need for a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the drivers of malnutrition, the importance of context‐specific interventions and the need for greater attention to the food environment and food systems. We advocate for the re‐evaluation of research strategies and focus, with a greater emphasis on multidisciplinary and systems approaches and greater attention to the synergistic relationship between the biological, environmental, commercial and socio‐economic determinants of malnutrition. Addressing these key challenges can enable us to better comprehend and tackle the multifaceted and dynamic issues of the double burden of malnutrition, particularly in individuals and work towards more effective and sustainable solutions.
Does Self‐employment Pay? The Role of Unemployment and Earnings Risk
Authors: García‐Cabo Joaquín , Madera Rocio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper documents the role of unemployment and earnings risk in reconciling evidence in payoff differentials between self‐employment and paid‐employment. Using Spanish administrative data, we characterize the distribution and dynamics of earnings and document lower and less dispersed earnings in self‐employment. We consider alternative hypotheses and highlight the role of lower unemployment risk in self‐employment. We decompose earnings risk dynamics by estimating a life‐cycle earnings process. Indeed, the self‐employed experience lower returns but also face lower volatility and persistence of shocks throughout their life‐cycle. Our results challenge the conventional view that self‐employment necessarily entails higher risk and highlight that accounting for differences in labour earnings risk is important to reconcile the payoff differentials between self‐employment and paid‐employment.
Autonomic modulation of heart rate during physical activity in pregnant women: A systematic review of literature
Authors: Jaques Lucas Alves , Stermer Pedro Rafael Rocha , de Oliveira Ana Karoline Brito , Marães Vera Regina Fernandes da Silva , Jácomo Raquel Henriques , Alves Aline Teixeira , Cunha Katiane da Costa , da Silva Marianne Lucena 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere are important physiological changes in the heart rate autonomic modulation in pregnant women and these changes may affect the way their bodies respond to exercise stimulus. The objective of this review is to verify the physical exercise influence on autonomic modulation of heart rate in pregnant women.MethodsThis study is a Systematic Review. The electronic databases used to search for the studies were Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via PUBMED, Regional Health Portal and EMBASE. Experimental studies that evaluated heart‐rate variability in pregnant women practicing physical exercises were included. And articles that addressed only fetal heart‐rate variability, case reports, congress abstracts, clinical trial protocols without results, preprints, and gray literature were excluded. There were no language or publication year restrictions. The descriptors used in the Search were Cardiac Chronotropism, Sympathetic Nervous System, Pregnancy, and Physical Exercise. For statistical analysis, the fixed effect model was used.ResultsA total of 3106 articles were found, and 12 studies were included, which 5 were nonrandomized clinical trials, 4 were randomized clinical trials, and 3 were cross‐sectional studies. Three hundred and four pregnant women were included in the studies. The application of physical exercise was varied, but in general they used aerobic exercises and with increased variability of the heart rate and reflex on the autonomic modulation of heart rate.ConclusionMost studies demonstrate benefits heart rate in pregnant women, but limited research makes it hard to compare specific types of exercise and larger studies are needed to identify the best exercise.
A survey of practice in the anesthetic management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis spine fusion by the North American Pediatric Spine Anesthesiologists Collaborative
Authors: Gilbertson Laura E. , Muhly Wallis T. , Montana Michael C. , Chidambaran Vidya , DiCindio Sabina , Sadacharam Kesavan , Wilder Robert T. , Whyte Simon D. , Hifko Alan , Sponseller Paul D. , Frankville David D. ,   North American Pediatric Spine Anesthesiologists Investigators
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) affects 2%–4% of the general pediatric population. While surgical correction remains one of the most common orthopedic procedures performed in pediatrics, limited consensus exists on the perioperative anesthetic management.AimsTo examine the current state of anesthetic management of typical AIS spine fusions at institutions which have a dedicated pediatric orthopedic spine surgeon.MethodsA web‐based survey was sent to all members of the North American Pediatric Spine Anesthesiologists (NAPSA) Collaborative. This group included 34 anesthesiologists at 19 different institutions, each of whom has a Harms Study Group surgeon performing spine fusions at their hospital.ResultsThirty‐one of 34 (91.2%) anesthesiologists completed the survey, with a missing response rate from 0% to 16.1% depending on the question. Most anesthesia practices (77.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 67.7–93.4) do not have patients come for a preoperative visit prior to the day of surgery. Intravenous induction was the preferred method (74.2%; 95% CI 61.3–89.9), with the majority utilizing two peripheral IVs (93.5%; 95% CI 90.3–100) and an arterial line (100%; 95% CI 88.8–100). Paralytic administration for intubation and/or exposure was divided (51.6% rocuronium/vecuronium, 45.2% no paralytic, and 3.2% succinylcholine) amongst respondents. While tranexamic acid was consistently utilized for reducing blood loss, dosing regimens varied. When faced with neuromonitoring signal issues, 67.7% employ a formal protocol. Most anesthesiologists (93.5%; 95% CI 78.6–99.2) extubate immediately postoperatively with patients admitted to an inpatient floor bed (77.4%; 95% CI 67.7–93.3).ConclusionMost anesthesiologists (87.1%; 95% CI 80.6–99.9) report the use of some form of an anesthesia‐based protocol for AIS fusions, but our survey results show there is considerable variation in all aspects of perioperative care. Areas of agreement on management comprise the typical vascular access required, utilization of tranexamic acid, immediate extubation, and disposition to a floor bed. By recognizing the diversity of anesthetic care, we can develop areas of research and improve the perioperative management of AIS.
Co‐occurrence of Epstein–Barr virus‐positive nodal T/NK‐cell lymphoma and nodal T‐follicular helper cell lymphoma of different clonal origins: An autopsy case report
Authors: Hoshi Daisuke , Migita Nami , Ishizawa Shin , Sato Yasuharu , Yamamura Koichi , Kiyokawa Etsuko 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNodal T‐follicular helper cell lymphoma (TFHL) is a subset of T‐cell lymphoma and frequently co‐occurs with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive B‐cell lymphoma but not with T/NK‐cell lymphoma. Recently, a new entity with a worse prognosis, called EBV‐positive nodal T/NK‐cell lymphoma (NTNKL) has been established. Here, we report an autopsy case of synchronous multiple lymphomas, including TFHL and NTNKL. The patient was a 78‐year‐old female admitted with pneumonia. Although pneumonic symptoms were improved, fever, pancytopenia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation emerged, implicating lymphoma. She died on the 21st hospital day without a definitive diagnosis. The autopsy revealed the enlargement of multiple lymph nodes throughout her body. Histological analysis revealed three distinct regions in the left inguinal lymph node. The first region consists of small‐sized lymphocytes with T‐follicular helper phenotype and extended follicular dendritic cell meshwork, indicating TFHL. The second region included EBV‐positive large B cells. The third region comprised EBV‐positive large cells with cytotoxic T/NK cell phenotype, indicating NTNKL. Clonality analysis of the first and the third regions showed different patterns. Since various hematopoietic malignancies progress from common clonal hematopoiesis according to existing literature, this case may help to understand TFHL and NTNKL.
Serpentinization and potential Ni‐Cr mineralization of the Andong ultramafic block in South Korea
Authors: Davaasuren Otgon‐Erdene , Koh Sang‐Mo , Lee Bum Han , Heo Chul‐Ho 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSmall‐ to medium‐sized serpentinized ultramafic blocks have been found in several locations in South Korea. Ultramafic‐hosted serpentinization, described as a major hydrothermal process that affects the lithospheric mantle, is known to play a key role in mass fluxes enhanced by multiple fluid–rock interactions that ultimately lead to the formation of hydrothermal mineralization and natural hydrogen production. In this study, we attempted to interpret the hydrothermal alteration and associated Ni‐Cr mineralization of the Andong serpentinized ultramafic block (ASUB). Based on the mineralogical and geochemical studies, the serpentinites and serpentinized ultramafic rocks of the ASUB are interpreted to be derived from mantle peridotite. It shows the dunite, lherzolite, and wehrlite compositions which are mainly composed of olivine and pyroxene. Hydrothermal alteration transformed the ultramafic rock into serpentinitic rock, resulting in changes in rock textures from the parent rock (plutonic texture) to moderately altered rock (pseudomorphic porphyritic texture) and strongly altered rock (pseudomorphic fine grained texture) with mineralogical changes. Serpentinization and Ni‐Cr mineralization do not show any relationship. Considering the reported crystallization age of the parental rock (222 Ma) and measured age (214–187 Ma) of the granites intruded into the ASUB, the source magma responsible for the final hydrothermal event including serpentinization is inferred to be the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic granitic pluton. The ASUB might have formed due to the ascent of a mantle plume along the extensional regime (i.e., rift) in the supra‐subduction zone (SSZ), rather than in ophiolite‐related mid‐oceanic ridges or abyssal environments, which are identified in many places. Ni‐Cr mineralization, with the close association of pentlandite, pyrrhotite, and Cr‐spinel, likely resulted from co‐precipitation and dissemination during the crystallization of the parent peridotitic magma derived from the mantle.
The feasibility of introducing a whole blood component for traumatic haemorrhage in the UK
Authors: McCullagh Josephine , Basham Peter , Davies Jane , Hicks Vicky , Hunter Alastair , Lancut Julia , Green Laura 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe interest in re‐introducing whole blood (WB) transfusion for the management of traumatic major haemorrhage is increasing. However, due to the current leucodepletion filters used in the UK a WB component was not readily available. Instead, an alternative but similar component, leucocyte depleted red cell and plasma (LD‐RCP), which provided a unique experience in assessing the feasibility of a WB component was used whilst a WB component was being manufactured.Study Design and MethodsBetween November 2018 and October 2020, LD‐RCP replaced RBC as standard of care for all trauma patients with major haemorrhage in London. The aims of the study were to assess (a) deliverability, (b) component wastage and (c) safety.ResultsOver the study period a total of 1208 LD‐RCP units were delivered, of which 96.5% were delivered ‘On Time In Full’ (OTIF). Of the 1208 units, 733 (60.68%) were transfused and 475 (39.3%) units were wasted. Component wastage reduced significantly throughout the study (p = 0.001). A total of 177 patients had a blood group recorded, 86 were group O and 91 were non‐group O. There was no statistically significantly difference between haemoglobin (p = 0.422), or bilirubin levels (p = 0.084) between group O and non‐group O patients.DiscussionIt was feasible for NHS Blood and Transplant to deliver LD‐RCP on time in full, however component wastage was high due to short shelf life and limited use of the component. Low titre group O LD‐RCP units were not associated with clinical evidence of haemolysis.
Class II knotted‐like homeodomain protein SlKN5 with BEL1‐like homeodomain proteins suppresses fruit greening in tomato fruit
Authors: Ezura Kentaro , Lu Yu , Suzuki Yutaka , Mitsuda Nobutaka , Ariizumi Tohru 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARYKnotted1‐like homeodomain (KNOX) proteins are essential in regulating plant organ differentiation. Land plants, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), have two classes of the KNOX protein family, namely, class I (KNOX I) and class II KNOX (KNOX II). While tomato KNOX I proteins are known to stimulate chloroplast development in fruit, affecting fruit coloration, the role of KNOX II proteins in this context remains unclear. In this study, we employ CRISPR/Cas9 to generate knockout mutants of the KNOX II member, SlKN5. These mutants display increased leaf complexity, a phenotype commonly associated with reduced KNOX II activity, as well as enhanced accumulation of chloroplasts and chlorophylls in smaller cells within young, unripe fruit. RNA‐seq data analyses indicate that SlKN5 suppresses the transcriptions of genes involved in chloroplast biogenesis, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and gibberellin catabolism. Furthermore, protein–protein interaction assays reveal that SlKN5 physically interacts with three transcriptional repressors from the BLH1‐clade of BEL1‐like homeodomain (BLH) protein family, SlBLH4, SlBLH5, and SlBLH7, with SlBLH7 showing the strongest interaction. CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knockout of these SlBLH genes confirmed their overlapping roles in suppressing chloroplast biogenesis, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and lycopene cyclization. Transient assays further demonstrate that the SlKN5–SlBLH7 interaction enhances binding capacity to regulatory regions of key chloroplast‐ and chlorophyll‐related genes, including SlAPRR2‐like1, SlCAB‐1C, and SlGUN4. Collectively, our findings elucidate that the KNOX II SlKN5‐SlBLH regulatory modules serve to inhibit fruit greening and subsequently promote lycopene accumulation, thereby fine‐tuning the color transition from immature green fruit to mature red fruit.
Domestication has altered gene expression and secondary metabolites in pea seed coat
Authors: Klčová Barbora , Balarynová Jana , Trněný Oldřich , Krejčí Petra , Cechová Monika Zajacová , Leonova Tatiana , Gorbach Daria , Frolova Nadezhda , Kysil Elana , Orlova Anastasia , Ihling Сhristian , Frolov Andrej , Bednář Petr , Smýkal Petr 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARYThe mature seed in legumes consists of an embryo and seed coat. In contrast to knowledge about the embryo, we know relatively little about the seed coat. We analyzed the gene expression during seed development using a panel of cultivated and wild pea genotypes. Gene co‐expression analysis identified gene modules related to seed development, dormancy, and domestication. Oxidoreductase genes were found to be important components of developmental and domestication processes. Proteomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that domestication favored proteins involved in photosynthesis and protein metabolism at the expense of seed defense. Seed coats of wild peas were rich in cell wall‐bound metabolites and the protective compounds predominated in their seed coats. Altogether, we have shown that domestication altered pea seed development and modified (mostly reduced) the transcripts along with the protein and metabolite composition of the seed coat, especially the content of the compounds involved in defense. We investigated dynamic profiles of selected identified phenolic and flavonoid metabolites across seed development. These compounds usually deteriorated the palatability and processing of the seeds. Our findings further provide resources to study secondary metabolism and strategies for improving the quality of legume seeds which comprise an important part of the human protein diet.
Ocimum kilimandscharicum4CL11 negatively regulates adventitious root development via accumulation of flavonoid glycosides
Authors: Lavhale Santosh G. , Kondhare Kirtikumar R. , Sinthadurai Veenothini S. , Barvkar Vitthal T. , Kale Rutuja S. , Joshi Rakesh S. , Giri Ashok P. 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARY4‐Coumarate‐CoA Ligase (4CL) is an important enzyme in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. Multiple 4CLs are identified in Ocimum species; however, their in planta functions remain enigmatic. In this study, we independently overexpressed three Ok4CL isoforms from Ocimum kilimandscharicum (Ok4CL7, ‐11, and ‐15) in Nicotiana benthamiana. Interestingly, Ok4CL11 overexpression (OE) caused a rootless or reduced root growth phenotype, whereas overexpression of Ok4CL15 produced normal adventitious root (AR) growth. Ok4CL11 overexpression in N. benthamiana resulted in upregulation of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and associated glycosyltransferases accompanied by accumulation of specific flavonoid‐glycosides (kaempferol‐3‐rhamnoside, kaempferol‐3,7‐O‐bis‐alpha‐l‐rhamnoside [K3,7R], and quercetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside) that possibly reduced auxin levels in plants, and such effects were not seen for Ok4CL7 and ‐15. Docking analysis suggested that auxin transporters (PINs/LAXs) have higher binding affinity to these specific flavonoid‐glycosides, and thus could disrupt auxin transport/signaling, which cumulatively resulted in a rootless phenotype. Reduced auxin levels, increased K3,7R in the middle and basal stem sections, and grafting experiments (intra and inter‐species) indicated a disruption of auxin transport by K3,7R and its negative effect on AR development. Supplementation of flavonoids and the specific glycosides accumulated by Ok4CL11‐OE to the wild‐type N. benthamiana explants delayed the AR emergence and also inhibited AR growth. While overexpression of all three Ok4CLs increased lignin accumulation, flavonoids, and their specific glycosides were accumulated only in Ok4CL11‐OE lines. In summary, our study reveals unique indirect function of Ok4CL11 to increase specific flavonoids and their glycosides, which are negative regulators of root growth, likely involved in inhibition of auxin transport and signaling.
Sensitivity of bilateral trade between Korea and China to exchange rate fluctuations: Insights from the semiconductor industry
Authors: Baek Jungho , Piao Shanyu , Nam Soojoong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study delves into the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the bilateral semiconductor trade between Korea and China. We present compelling evidence emphasising the significant role of exchange rate changes in Korea's semiconductor trade with China, affecting both short‐term and long‐term dynamics. Our analysis also reveals an asymmetrical effect of bilateral exchange rates on Korea's semiconductor trade with China. Specifically, we find that exchange rate asymmetries primarily manifest as a long‐term phenomenon in Korea's semiconductor exports to China. At the same time, they influence both short‐ and long‐term dynamics in Korea's semiconductor imports from China.