bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The amygdala modulates neuronal activation in the hippocampus in response to spatial novelty
Authors: Sheth Archana , Berretta Sabina , Lange Nicholas , Eichenbaum Howard 
Published: October 2007

AbstractEmerging evidence indicates that the amygdala and the hippocampus play an important role in the pathophysiology of major psychotic disorders. Consistent with this evidence, and with data indicating amygdala modulation of hippocampal activity, animal model investigations have shown that a disruption of amygdala activity induces neurochemical changes in the hippocampus that are similar to those detected in subjects with schizophrenia. With the present study, we used induction of the immediate early gene Fos, to test the hypothesis that the amygdala may affect neuronal activation of the hippocampus in response to different spatial environments (familiar, modified, and novel). Exploratory and anxiety related behaviors were also assessed. In vehicle‐treated rats, exposure to a modified version of the familiar environment was associated with an increase of numerical densities of Fos‐immunoreactive nuclei in sectors CA1 and CA2, while exposure to a completely novel environment was associated with an increase in sectors CA1, CA4, and DG, compared with the familiar environment. Pharmacological disruption of amygdala activity resulted in a failure to increase Fos induction in the hippocampus in response to these environments. Exploratory behavior in response to the different environments was not altered by manipulation of amygdala activity. These findings support the idea that the amygdala modulates spatial information processing in the hippocampus and may affect encoding of specific environmental features, while complex behavioral responses to environment may be the result of broader neural circuits. These findings also raise the possibility that amygdala abnormalities may contribute to impairments in cognitive information processing in subjects with major psychoses. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic effect of estrogen receptor status across age in primary breast cancer
Authors: Bentzon Niels , Düring Maria , Rasmussen Birgitte Bruun , Mouridsen Henning , Kroman Niels 
Published: October 2007

AbstractEstrogen receptor (ER) status is considered as an important prognostic factor as well as a predictive factor for endocrine responsiveness in breast cancer. We analyzed the distribution of ER status across age and estimated variations in the prognostic impact of ER status related to patients' age and time since diagnosis. Overall, 26,944 patients with primary breast cancer diagnosed from 1989 to 2004 were included. The proportion of ER positive tumors increased over age from 51 to 82%. In multivariate analysis of overall survival, ER positive status was found to be a significantly positive prognostic factor over all age groups. This effect was limited to the first 5 years after diagnosis, RR: 2.08 (95% CI: 1.95–2.22, p < 0.0001). Overall survival during the following 5 years was slightly superior for women with ER negative tumors, RR of death: 0.89 (95% CI: 0.79–1.00, p = 0.049). Results were unchanged in patients who did not receive adjuvant systemic therapy (n = 6,272). Thus, positive ER status does not confer a negative impact on survival in young women as has been previously reported. The inferior prognosis for ER negative patients during the first 5 years after diagnosis changes into a slightly superior residual prognosis compared to ER positive patients independent of use of adjuvant systemic therapy. This may have an impact on future designing of guidelines for adjuvant endocrine therapy beyond 5 years. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relevance of a new rat model of osteoblastic metastases from prostate carcinoma for preclinical studies using zoledronic acid
Authors: Lamoureux François , Ory Benjamin , Battaglia Séverine , Pilet Paul , Heymann Marie‐Françoise , Gouin François , Duteille Franck , Heymann Dominique , Redini Françoise 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAnimal models that mimic osteoblastic metastases associated with prostate carcinoma are required to improve the therapeutic options in humans. A new model was then developed and characterized in immunocompetent rats. The bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZOL) was tested to validate this model as a therapeutic application. Rat AT6‐1 prostate tumor cells were characterizedin vitroat the transcriptional (bone and epithelial markers) and functional (induction of mineralized nodules) levels. The bone lesions induced after their direct injection into the femur bone marrow were characterized by radiography, microscanner and histology analyses. ZOL effects were studiedin vivoon bone lesion development andin vitroon AT6‐1 cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis. Apart from epithelial markers, AT6‐1 cells express an osteoblast phenotype as they express osteoblastic markers and are able to induce mineralized nodule formation in vitro. A disorganization of the trabecular bone at the growth zone level was observedin vivoafter intraosseous AT6‐1 cell injection as well as cortical erosion. The tumor itself is associated with bone formation as revealed by SEM analysis and polarized light microscopy. ZOL prevents the development of such osteoblastic lesions, related to a direct inhibitory effect on tumor cell proliferation independent of caspase 3 activation, but associated with cell cycle arrest. A new rat model of osteoblastic bone metastases was validated in immunocompetent rats and used to show the relevance of using ZOL in such lesions, as this compound shows bifunctional effects on both bone remodelling and tumor cell proliferation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of the antibodies to p62 nucleoporin in primary biliary cirrhosis using human recombinant antigen
Authors: Węsierska‐Gądek Józefa , Klima Anna , Ranftler Carmen , Komina Oxana , Hanover John , Invernizzi Pietro , Penner Edward 
Published: October 2007

AbstractReactivity of sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) with a 60 kDa component of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), purified by affinity chromatography on wheat‐germ agglutinin (WGA)‐Sepharose, was previously detected. Recently, clinical significance of the anti‐NPC antibodies in PBC became evident. In the light of recent reports, indicating the correlation of the anti‐NPC antibodies with severity and progression of the disease, the characterization of the reactive antigens is becoming essential in the clinical management of patients with PBC. Since accurate autoantibody detection represents one of the fundamental requirements for a reliable testing, we have generated a human recombinant p62 protein and validated an immunoprecipitation assay for the detection of anti‐p62. We also demonstrated that the generated human recombinant p62 nucleoporin was modified by N‐acetylglucosamine residues. More than 50% of tested PBC sera precipitated 35S‐radioactively labeled p62 recombinant nucleoporin and 40% recognized this recombinant antigen by immunoblotting. We compared the reactivity of PBC sera with rat and human nucleoporin. The incidence of anti‐p62 nucleoporin positive PBC sera increased by 15% when human recombinant antigen was used. The titer of autoantibodies in p62‐positive PBC samples strongly varied. Preadsorption of the PBC sera with p62 recombinant protein completely abolished their reactivity with the antigen. In conclusion, this study unequivocally proves that autoantibodies reacting with the 60 kDa component of NPCs target p62 nucleoporin and, more importantly, provide a better antigen source for future evaluations of the clinical role of anti‐p62 in PBC. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 27–37, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase, inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and redistribution of substrate partitioning mediate the acute insulin‐sensitizing effects of troglitazone in skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Fediuc S. , Pimenta A.S. , Gaidhu M.P. , Ceddia R.B. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of troglitazone on several pathways of glucose and fatty acid (FA) partitioning and the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes in skeletal muscle. Exposure of L6 myotubes to troglitazone for 1 h significantly increased phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC, which was followed by ∼30% and ∼60% increases in palmitate oxidation and carnitine palmitoyl transferase‐1 (CPT‐1) activity, respectively. Troglitazone inhibited basal (∼25%) and insulin‐stimulated (∼35%) palmitate uptake but significantly increased basal and insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake by ∼2.2‐ and 2.7‐fold, respectively. Pharmacological inhibition of AMPK completely prevented the effects of troglitazone on palmitate oxidation and glucose uptake. Interestingly, even though troglitazone exerted an insulin sensitizing effect, it reduced basal and insulin‐stimulated rates of glycogen synthesis, incorporation of glucose into lipids, and glucose oxidation to values corresponding to ∼30%, ∼60%, and 30% of the controls, respectively. These effects were accompanied by an increase in basal and insulin‐stimulated phosphorylation of AktThr308, AktSer473, and GSK3α/β. Troglitazone also powerfully suppressed pyruvate decarboxylation, which was followed by a significant increase in basal (∼3.5‐fold) and insulin‐stimulated (∼5.5‐fold) rates of lactate production by muscle cells. In summary, we provide novel evidence that troglitazone exerts acute insulin sensitizing effects by increasing FA oxidation, reducing FA uptake, suppressing pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and shifting glucose metabolism toward lactate production in muscle cells. These effects seem to be at least partially dependent on AMPK activation and may account for potential acute PPAR‐γ‐independent anti‐diabetic effects of thiazolidinediones in skeletal muscle. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 392–400, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymeric integrated selective enrichment target (ISET) for solid‐phase‐based sample preparation in MALDI–TOF MS
Authors: Ekström Simon , Wallman Lars , Helldin Göran , Nilsson Johan , Marko‐Varga György , Laurell Thomas 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA polymer microfabricated proteomic sample preparation and MALDI MS sample presentation device, the integrated selective enrichment target (ISET), comprising an array of perforated nanovials is reported. Each perforated nanovial can be filled with selective extraction media (microbeads) for purification and concentration of protein/peptides prior to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS). The main areas covered are the influence of the molding‐process‐induced surface roughness and how to address the lack of inherent conductivity in the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) material for optimal MALDI MS readout. Application of the disposable polymeric ISET devices for solid‐phase extraction and phosphopeptide capture is also demonstrated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of protein targets for covalent modification by the antitumoral and anti‐inflammatory prostaglandin PGA1: focus on vimentin
Authors: Gharbi Severine , Garzón Beatriz , Gayarre Javier , Timms John , Pérez‐Sala Dolores 
Published: October 2007

AbstractProstaglandins with cyclopentenone structure (cyPG) display potent antiproliferative actions that have elicited their study as potential anticancer agents. Several natural and synthetic analogs of the cyPG prostaglandin A1 (PGA1) have proven antitumoral efficacy in cancer cell lines and animal models. In addition, PGA1 has been used as an inhibitor of transcription factor NF‐κB‐mediated processes, including inflammatory gene expression and viral replication. An important determinant for these effects is the ability of cyPG to form Michael adducts with free thiol groups. The chemical nature of this interaction implies that PGA1 could covalently modify cysteine residues in a large number of cellular proteins potentially involved in its beneficial effects. However, only a few targets of PGA1 have been identified. In previous work, we have observed that a biotinylated analog of PGA1 that retains the cyclopentenone moiety (PGA1‐B) binds to multiple targets in fibroblasts. Here, we have addressed the identification of these targets through a proteomic approach. Cell fractionation followed by avidin affinity chromatography yielded a fraction enriched in proteins modified by PGA1‐B. Analysis of this fraction by SDS‐PAGE and LC‐MS/MS allowed the identification of the chaperone Hsp90, elongation and initiation factors for protein synthesis and cytoskeletal proteins including actin, tubulin and vimentin. Furthermore, we have characterized the modification of vimentin both in vitro and in intact cells. Our observations indicate that cysteine 328 is the main site for PGA1 addition. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of PGA1 and the potential of cyPG‐based therapeutic strategies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐sensitivity analysis of specific peptides in complex samples by selected MS/MS ion monitoring and linear ion trap mass spectrometry: Application to biological studies
Authors: Jorge Inmaculada , Casas Elisabet Miró , Villar Margarita , Ortega‐Pérez Inmaculada , López‐Ferrer Daniel , Martínez‐Ruiz Antonio , Carrera Mónica , Marina Anabel , Martínez Pablo , Serrano Horacio , Cañas Benito , Were Felipe , Gallardo José Manuel , Lamas Santiago , Redondo Juan Miguel , García‐Dorado David , Vázquez Jesús 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS) is a technique of paramount importance in Proteomics, and developments in this field have been possible owing to novel MS instrumentation, experimental strategies, and bioinformatics tools. Today it is possible to identify and determine relative expression levels of thousands of proteins in a biological system by MS analysis of peptides produced by proteolytic digestion. In some situations, however, the precise characterization of a particular peptide species in a very complex peptide mixture is needed. While single‐fragment ion‐based scanning modes such as selected ion reaction monitoring (SIRM) or consecutive reaction monitoring (CRM) may be highly sensitive, they do not produce MS/MS information and their actual specificity must be determined in advance, a prerequisite that is not usually met in a basic research context. In such cases, the MS detector may be programmed to perform continuous MS/MS spectra on the peptide ion of interest in order to obtain structural information. This selected MS/MS ion monitoring (SMIM) mode has a number of advantages that are fully exploited by MS detectors that, like the linear ion trap, are characterized by high scanning speeds. In this work, we show some applications of this technique in the context of biological studies. These results were obtained by selecting an appropriate combination of scans according to the purpose of each one of these research scenarios. They include highly specific identification of proteins present in low amounts, characterization and relative quantification of post‐translational modifications such as phosphorylation and S‐nitrosylation and species‐specific peptide identification. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breakdown of Layering in Frustrated Smectic‐A Elastomers
Authors: Kramer Dominic , Finkelmann Heino 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSmectic‐A elastomers combine the positional long‐range order of mesogenic molecules in one dimension with the rubber elasticity of a polymer network. Upon mechanical deformation, completely different responses of the phase structure have been reported. We present a highly distorted system which shows a breakdown of smectic layering but no reorientation under deformation along the layer normal, while the phase structure stays unaffected under uniaxial stress in the perpendicular direction. The thermoelastic properties, macroscopic dimensions and stress–strain behaviour are investigated parallel and perpendicular to the layer normal. SAXS measurements supply evidence for a breakdown of the macroscopically ordered layer structure indicated by the small angle intensities and correlation length, whereas the orientational order is preserved. We propose defects in the smectic layer structure to be the origin of the different responses of different smectic elastomers.magnified image
Using Solvents to Improve the Chemical Shift Differences Between Short‐Chain Branch Methines and Long‐Chain Branch Methines in Polyethylene Copolymers
Authors: Baugh Dan , Redwine O. David , Taha Angela , Reichek Ken , Potter Janece 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSummary: Detection and quantification of long‐chain branches in some polyethylene copolymers is challenging due to the near coincidence of the chemical shifts for the carbons at the short‐chain and long‐chain branches present in these copolymers. The small chemical shift difference can be enhanced by changes in solvent and temperature. This allows one to use lower field magnets for some copolymers. Results are presented comparing several solvents and blends at a variety of temperatures using 500, 600 and 750 MHz spectrometers.
Metabolite quantification and high‐field MRS in breast cancer
Authors: Haddadin Ihab S. , McIntosh Adeka , Meisamy Sina , Corum Curt , Snyder Angela L. Styczynski , Powell Nathaniel J. , Nelson Michael T. , Yee Douglas , Garwood Michael , Bolan Patrick J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn vivo 1H MRS is rapidly developing as a clinical tool for diagnosing and characterizing breast cancers. Many in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that alterations in concentrations of choline‐containing metabolites are associated with malignant transformation. In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to evaluate the role of 1H MRS measurements of total choline‐containing compounds in the management of patients with breast cancer. Current technological developments, including the use of high‐field MR scanners and quantitative spectroscopic analysis methods, promise to increase the sensitivity and accuracy of breast MRS. This article reviews the literature describing in vivo MRS in breast cancer, with an emphasis on the development of high‐field MR scanning and quantitative methods. Potential applications of these technologies for diagnosing suspicious lesions and monitoring response to chemotherapy are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perturbation analysis for the generalized Schur complement of a positive semi‐definite matrix
Authors: Wei Musheng , Wang Minghui 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLet

and S=C−BHA†B be the generalized Schur complement of A⩾0 in P. In this paper, some perturbation bounds of S are presented which generalize the result of Stewart (Technical Report TR‐95‐38, University of Maryland, 1995) and enrich the perturbation theory for the Schur complement. Also, an error estimate for the smallest perturbation of C, which lowers the rank of P, is discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Registries as a tool in evidence‐based medicine: example of KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database)
Authors: Gutiérrez Lia P. , Kołtowska‐Häggström Maria , Jönsson Peter J. , Mattsson Anders F. , Svensson Dag , Westberg Björn , Luger Anton 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the value of a registry, set in ‘real‐life practice’, as a contribution to evidence‐based medicine and to estimate the impact of information collected in such a registry, on the up to date knowledge in growth hormone (GH)‐related disorders.MethodsAnalysis of data collected prospectively for a pharmacoepidemiological registry—KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database)—in assessing long‐term clinical and safety outcomes of GH treatment (Genotropin®) in patients with GH deficiency. The study was based on 11 374 treated (40 000 patient‐years of observation) and 263 untreated adult GH deficient patients from 30 countries, in whom background characteristics, clinical values such as lipids and body composition, quality of life (QoL) and GH dosage as well as safety profile were evaluated. Citation analysis for the published papers was also performed.ResultsThe study depicts the clinical picture of adult patients with GH deficiency managed in current clinical settings. It confirms the features previously detected such as increased cardiovascular risk, mostly dyslipidemia and abnormal body composition as well as impaired QoL. There was considerable heterogeneity of conditions resulting in GH deficiency. The large database also enabled study of rare causes of the condition. The 31 out of 36 KIMS papers were cited 544 times, in 125 different journals.ConclusionsThese findings and the further insight into the response to GH replacement therapy show that the registry methodology is valuable for filling the gaps of information in evidence‐based medicine that cannot be addressed by clinical trials. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NiO‐induced crystallization and optical characteristics of Li2O–CaF2–P2O5 glass system
Authors: Murali Krishna G. , Gandhi Y. , Veeraiah N. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLi2O–CaF2–P2O5 glasses mixed with different concentrations of NiO (ranging from 0 mol% to 2.0 mol%) were crystallized. The samples were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis. Studies were extended to optical absorption and magnetic susceptibility of these glass ceramic samples. The XRD and SEM studies reveal the presence of lithium phosphate, calcium phosphate and nickel phosphate crystal phases. The optical absorption studies together with magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate a gradual transformation of nickel ions from tetrahedral sites to octahedral sites (lasing sites) as the concentration of NiO is increased beyond 0.8 mol%. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studies on semiconductor dispersed polymer electrolyte composite (PEO:NH4ClO4 + Bi2S3)
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Chandra Amita 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPolymer composites consisting of different amounts (0–10 wt%) of dispersed semiconducting Bi2S3 in the polymer electrolyte polyethylene oxide complexed with NH4ClO4 (PEO:NH4ClO4 + Bi2S3) have been prepared and characterized. The dispersal of Bi2S3 was achieved by its “in‐situ” formation in the polymeric solution by sulfuration of Bismuth nitrate by bubbling H2S. The dispersed Bi2S3 particles were found to be nano‐sized (∼20 nm) resulting in a higher band gap (∼1.8 eV) as compared to that of bulk Bi2S3 (∼1.4 eV). Detailed I –V and polarization studies show that the dispersed Bi2S3 is n‐type and a small (≤8%) electronic conductivity is introduced into the purely ionic (PEO:NH4ClO4) film making it a mixed ion + electron conducting polymer composite. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Substituent effects on the gas‐phase ring‐chain tautomerism of 3,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐2H‐1,3‐oxazines
Authors: Juhász Márta , Fülöp Ferenc , Pihlaja Kalevi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe electron ionization mass spectra of five series of seven 2‐aryl,4‐R‐substituted (R = Me, Et, i‐Pr, t‐Bu or Ph) 3,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐2H‐1,3‐oxazines were recorded at 14 and 70 eV in order to study the ring‐chain tautomeric equilibria in the gas phase. Certain fragment ions were associated with the ring or with the open‐chain forms of the compounds. As in chloroform solution, the electron‐withdrawing effect of the aryl substituent (p‐NO2, m‐Br, p‐Cl, H, p‐Me, p‐OMe and p‐NMe2) shifts the equilibrium towards the ring form. The correlation of ring‐chain equilibria (log K = [ring]/[chain]) with the Hammett σ+ constants of the aryl substituents was in general good or satisfactory although in some cases the p‐NMe2 did not fit these correlations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.