bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Osteopontin and Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Golledge Jonathan , Muller Juanita , Shephard Neil , Clancy Paula , Smallwood Linda , Moran Corey , Dear Anthony E. , Palmer Lyle J. , Norman Paul E. 
Published: December 2006

Objectives—In vitro and animal studies have implicated osteopontin (OPN) in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm. The relationship between serum concentration of OPN and variants of the OPN gene with human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) was investigated.Methods and Results—OPN genotypes were examined in 4227 subjects in which aortic diameter and clinical risk factors were measured. Serum OPN was measured by ELISA in two cohorts of 665 subjects. The concentration of serum OPN was independently associated with the presence of AAA. Odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for upper compared with lower OPN tertiles in predicting presence of AAA were 2.23 (1.29 to 3.85,P=0.004) for the population cohort and 4.08 (1.67 to 10.00,P=0.002) for the referral cohort after adjusting for other risk factors. In 198 patients with complete follow-up of aortic diameter at 3 years, initial serum OPN predicted AAA growth after adjustment for other risk factors (standardized coefficient 0.24,P=0.001). The concentration of OPN in the aortic wall was greater in patients with small AAAs (30 to 50 mm) than those with aortic occlusive disease alone. There was no association between five single nucleotide polymorphisms or haplotypes of the OPN gene and aortic diameter or AAA expansion.Conclusions—Serum and tissue concentrations of OPN are associated with human AAA. We found no relationship between variation of the OPN gene and AAA. OPN may be a useful biomarker for AAA presence and growth.
Jesus as The High Priestly Messiah: Part 2
Authors: Fletcher-Louis Crispin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractRecent study of the priesthood in Second Temple life and thought invites a reconsideration of Jesus’ self- understanding. The appeal to Psalm 110 and Dan. 7.13 indicates that Jesus thought that, although not of priestly lineage, nevertheless he would ultimately be the nation’s king and priest after the order of Melchizedek. Mark 1-6 contains a programmatic statement of Jesus’ claim to a high priestly identity as the ‘holy one of God’ (1.24), with a high priestly contagious holiness (1.40-45; 5.25-34; 5.35-43), freedom to forgive sins (2.1-12) and the embodiment of divine presence in a Galilean cornfield (2.23-28). As true high priest he makes divine presence ‘draw near’ to God’s people (1.15), where before they had to ‘draw near’ to the Jerusalem temple. The hypothesis that Jesus thought he was Israel’s long awaited eschatological high priest resolves otherwise intractable problems in historical Jesus scholarship. This is Part 2 of a two-part essay.
Was Jesus Illegitimate? The Evidence of His Social Interactions
Authors: McGrath James 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis article examines the social status of the historical Jesus in relation to recent studies that place Jesus into the social category of an illegitimate child. After surveying the evidence with respect to the situation of such individuals in first-century Mediterranean and Jewish society, we shall proceed to examine whether Jesus’ implied social status (as evidenced by accounts of his adult social interactions) coheres with what one would expect in the case of someone who bore the stigma of that status. Our study suggests that the scandal caused by Jesus’ association with the marginalized clearly implies that he did not himself fall into that category.
Developing a Short Form of the Postural Assessment Scale for People With Stroke
Authors: Chien Chi-Wen , Lin Jau-Hong , Wang Chun-Hou , Hsueh I-Ping , Sheu Ching-Fan , Hsieh Ching-Lin 
Published: December 2006

Objective: To develop a Short Form of Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke patients (SFPASS) with sound psychometric properties (including reliability, validity, and responsiveness). Methods. This study consisted of 2 parts: developing the SFPASS and cross-validation. In the 1st part, 287 people with stroke were evaluated with the PASS at 14- and 30-day post-stroke intervals. The authors reduced the number of test items that constitute the PASS by more than half (i.e., making 5-, 6-, and 7-item sets) and simplified the scoring system (i.e., collapsing the 4-level scale in the original PASS into a 3-level scale [PASS-3L]), making both 4-L and 3-L versions available. Thus, a total of 6 SFPASSs were generated. In addition, 2 external criteria, the Barthel activities of daily living index and the Fugl-Meyer motor test, were used to examine the validity of the 6 SFPASSs. The psychometric properties of the new 6 SFPASSs were compared with each other as well as with those of the original PASS to determine which scale outperformed the others. In the 2nd part of the study, the authors cross-validated the best SFPASS using another independent sample of 179 people with stroke. Results. All 6 SFPASSs demonstrated good reliability, validity, and responsiveness. However, the Bland-Altman plots showed that only the 5-item PASS-3L demonstrated no systematic trend between the difference and mean score of the 5-item PASS-3L and the original PASS. The 5-item PASS-3L also had psychometric properties similar to those of the original PASS, as demonstrated in a cross-validation sample. Conclusion. The authors’ results provide strong evidence that the 5-item PASS-3L has sound psycho-metric properties in people with stroke. The 5-item PASS-3L is simple and fast to administer and is thus recommended.
Nickelblödite, Na2Ni(SO4)2·4H2O, a new mineral from Western Australia
Authors: Nickel E. H. , Bridge P. J. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryNickelblödite, the nickel analogue of blödite, has been discovered in nickel mines at Kambalda and Carr Boyd Rocks in Western Australia. The Kambalda sample, found in an underground opening, has a composition corresponding to Na2·02(Ni0·79Mg0·14Fc0·05)(SO4)2·00·3·17H2O. The sample from Carr Boyd Rocks, collected from an open pit, is a more magnesian variety, with a composition corresponding to Na1·93 (Ni0·55Mg0·46Cu0·02Co0·02)(SO4)2·01·4·39H2O. The mineral occurs as a surface efflorescence on nickel-rich sulphide ore in both cases. Nickelblödite is light green and transparent, and occurs as tabular crystallites up to 150 μm in diameter. The Kambalda material is biaxially negative with 2V = 60–70° α = 1·513, β(calc) = 1·518 and γ = 1·520. D 2·43, indentation hardness VHN 139. The Carr Boyd material has lower refractive indices and hardness. Strongest lines of the indexed powder pattern (Kambalda sample) are 4·466(9), 4·193(7), 3·720(6), 3·223(10), 3·190(8), 2·589(6). These measurements conform to a monoclinic unit cell with α = 10·87, b = 8·07, c = 5·46Å, and β = 100·72°. The possibility of H3O+ substitution is discussed.
Plumbian tennantite from Sark, Channel Islands
Authors: Bishop A. C. , Criddle A. J. , Clark A. M. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryAn unusual tennantite, containing 4·64% Pb, has been found on a mineral specimen from Sark's Hope Mine collected in 1843. An electron-probe analysis is given, together with visible spectrum reflectance data, quantitative colour values, VHN, and cell dimensions determined from X-ray powder diffraction photographs.
Contact metasomatism in a Neogene evaporitic sequence of the central Jordan Valley—northern Israel
Authors: Nissenbaum A. , Nathan Y. , Sass E. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryGypsum and anhydrite from the Neogene of the central Jordan valley associated with basalt bodies in the Menahamiya area contain abundant euhedral magnetite and diopside crystals and rarer grossular. The original calcareous shales above the gypsum were transformed into hydrogrossular cemented by secondary calcite and gypsum. The mineralization is assumed to be due to low-temperature, high water-pressure metasomatic activity similar to the process of rodingization. The described occurrence is unusual in that the hydrothermal solutions may have been partly formed in situ by thermal dehydration of the gypsum. In a nearby locality, Tel Shaharit, the mineralization occurred in a calcareous environment producing thomsonite, natrolite, and hydrogrossular.
Rutile and apatite: Useful prospecting guides for porphyry copper deposits
Authors: Williams Sidney A. , Cesbron Fabien P. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe accessory minerals rutile and apatite have been studied in 77 known porphyry copper deposits. Their value as indicators has been well established on the basis of specific chemical and paragenetic variations which they show.Rutile occurs as the only Ti-mineral in the quartz-sericite zone, is dominant in the biotite-orthoclase zone, and is generally found in the inner fringes of the chlorite-epidote zone. It forms in these zones mainly as a result of the destruction of sphene, but also from biotite and hornblende.The length: width ratio of rutile crystals is 1·5:1 in the centre of a porphyry system, increasing gradually outward to 2:1. A characteristic red colour displayed in thin section is attributed to a high copper content ranging from 100 to 500 ppm. The ratio of Cr+V:Nb+Ta is also unusually high.Apatite shows evidence of a complicated history of corrosion and redeposition accompanied by outward migration during the life of the porphyry system. The migration parallels that of copper and typically extends far into the host rocks. The apatite is enriched in chlorine. A plot of a versus c shows a clear separation of apatites of various genetic types, including tin and molybdenum porphyries.
Smoky, blue, greenish yellow, and other irradiation-related colors in quartz
Authors: Nassau K. , Prescott B. E. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryAlmost 400 specimens of natural and synthetic quartz were γ-irradiated and then heated. Polarized absorption spectroscopy, EPR, and spectrochemical analysis were used to investigate the various colors produced.A blue color originated from absorption by the A1and A2bands at 1·85 and 2·55 eV. The substitutional A1 EPR hole-type center usually considered to be the cause of the color in smoky quartz does not correlate with A1and A2, but with A3, a previously unreported absorption band at 2·90 eV. The A1and A2absorptions bleach at temperatures as low as 280 °C and as high as 360 °C the range for A3being 140 to 380 °C. The B band at 3·95 eV was previously reported only in irradiated fused silica.Greenish-yellow colors (appearing yellow when of low intensity) were observed after irradiation (followed by heating in some instances) in many specimens of natural and synthetic quartz; the color originates from the tail of a strong absorption band in the ultraviolet. The bleaching temperature range is the same as that for A2.The wide variation in color of natural and irradiated smoky quartz can be explained by combinations of the smoky (A3), blue (A1and A2), and greenish yellow absorption features.
Zinc-bearing chromite (donathite?) from Norway: a second look
Authors: Moore Alan C. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryElectron-microprobe analyses of chromites from the Helgeland area, Norway, show that they are all low in zinc. Many chromites show physical properties identical with donathite (anisotropism; polar magnetism) but have cubic lattices. One exception, from Rødøya, shows an unusual deviation from cubic symmetry and that there may exist complex intergrowths of two different tetragonal lattices and a cubic lattice. The similarity between the chromites studied and donathite suggests that the chemistry and crystallography of that mineral may be more complex than is currently accepted.
Perhamite, a new calcium aluminum silico-phosphate mineral, and a re-examination of viséite
Authors: Dunn Pete J. , Appleman Daniel E. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryA new calcium aluminum silico-phosphate mineral has been found at two locations on Newry Hill, Newry, Maine, U.S.A. Its composition closely approximates to 3CaO.3·5Al2O3.3SiO2.2P2O5.18H2O (Z = 1). Perhamite is uniaxial (+), c = 1577, ω = 1·564, density = 2·64 g/cm3. The mineral is hexagonal, probably P6/mmm, with a = 7·02 Å, c = 20·21 Å. The colour is light brown to white, the habit is as aggregates of discoidal hexagonal crystals. Cleavage is perfect {0001}, the lustre is vitreous, and the streak white. The mineral is named for a pegmatite miner and geologist, Frank C. Perham of West Paris, Maine, U.S.A.The most similar species is viséite. A re-examination of viséite indicates that the composition previously given is incorrect. A new form of viséite, also from Visé, Liège, Belgium is also examined and found to differ in composition from the type material.
Rubidium-strontium age studies and geochemistry of acid veins in the Freetown complex, Sierra Leone
Authors: Beckinsale R. D. , Bowles J. F. W. , Pankhurst R. J. , Wells M. K. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe stratigraphical limits on the age of the Freetown intrusion, Sierra Leone, are very wide, yet the intrusion has not previously been accurately dated by isotopic methods, despite a number of attempts. Rubidium-strontium dating of acid veins contemporaneous with the early stages of the prolonged cooling history of the intrusion provides an age of 193 ± 3 Ma. The veins consist of quartz and orthoclase with relict minerals, principally plagioclase, from thehost gabbro. Electron-microprobe analysis of the altered minerals of the veins, and the petrography of the vein and adjacent host gabbro clearly demonstrate that the veins were formed from a granitic fraction, differentiated in situ from the surrounding solid gabbro with the assistance of a hydrous fluid phase within the incipient vein. This assertion is supported by the identical, low value of the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0·70389) obtained from both the acid and basic rocks, and the technique described here may be useful in dating other, similar, intrusions.
Exsolution of plagioclase from clinopyroxene in a pyroxenite from Jotunheimen, Norway
Authors: Battey M. H. , Davidson W. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryPetrography of an original websterite from Jotunheimen shows evidence of plagioclase exsolving from clinopyroxene to form both internal lamellae and also an intergranular symplectite with olivine and magnetite hercynite. The olivine is secondary, forming from both clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene. Microprobe chemical analyses are presented of all the phases mentioned. From the ratio of plagioclase to clinopyroxene the initial clinopyroxene probably formed at a depth greater than 35 km; if it crystallized at magmatic temperatures (1150°C) the depth must have been about 70 km. Exsolution took place at a pressure less than 6 kb after upthrusting of the rock to shallower depths. The great depth of initial crystallization has important implications for the conditions of origin of the ultramafic component of this granulite facies terrain.
Accumulation of Retinoid X Receptor-α in Uterine Leiomyomas Is Associated with a Delayed Ligand-Dependent Proteasome-Mediated Degradation and an Alteration of Its Transcriptional Activity
Authors: Lattuada Debora , Viganó Paola , Mangioni Silvia , Sassone Jenny , Di Francesco Stefania , Vignali Michele , Di Blasio Anna Maria 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
An alteration of the retinoid pathway can influence the development of uterine leiomyomas in animal models, and retinoids have shown efficacy in inhibiting the growth of this benign tumor both in vitro and in vivo. However, the underlying mechanisms and biological implications are unclear. The present study was based on the demonstration of an accumulation of full-length retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) in leiomyomas that was not associated with a modification of its gene expression. This accumulation was shown to increase the transcription of the RXR-responsive gene cellular retinoic acid binding protein II (CRABP-II) and to be linked to the cellular redistribution of the receptor and to its retarded degradation via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. Accordingly, treatment with a specific proteasome inhibitor but not with protease inhibitors strongly inhibited the degradation of full-length RXRα in cells deriving from both myometrium and leiomyoma, but the formation of RXRα/ubiquitin conjugates was differentially regulated between the two cell types. Moreover, full-length RXRα accumulated in leiomyomas was abnormally phosphorylated at serine/threonine residues relative to myometrial tissue. The ligand to RXRα, 9-cis-retinoic acid, induced the receptor breakdown in smooth muscle cells deriving from both normal and tumor tissue, whereas a MAPK-specific inhibitor was able to reduce RXRα levels only in leiomyoma cells. These results suggest that switching of the ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation of RXRα by phosphorylation in leiomyomas may be responsible for the accumulation of the receptor and the consequent dysregulation of retinoic acid target genes. The ability of retinoids to modify this molecular alteration may be the rationale for their use in the treatment of leiomyomas.
Studies on conventional cutting of intermetallic nickel and titanium aluminides
Authors: Uhlmann E , Herter S 
Published: December 2006

Owing to the high percentage of covalent bonds, intermetallic nickel and titanium aluminides have specific physical and chemical characteristics that predestine them for components under high thermal and mechanical load. However, the relatively low ductility and thermal conductivity at room temperature, linked to high tensile strength, impede the machining with geometrically defined cutting edges in series production. The conventional machining process is characterized by microcrack formation at the component surface. One possible way is to warm up the intermetallic alloys locally above the quasi-brittle-ductile transition temperature by the interaction of the workpiece material and the tool. The subjects of investigation were the influences of feed rate and cutting speed on the tool-face temperature and cutting force as well as on the chip formation and fringe-area formation during longitudinal cylindrical turning. The experiments were carried out with intermetallic nickel and titanium aluminides in an as-cast and extruded state. The goal was to elaborate the technological basic knowledge for a damage-minimized and productive machining of intermetallic aluminides with geometrically defined cutting edges.
Transmissibility and the role of the phonological component
Authors: Lacy Paul De 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Determining the structure of the phonological component is crucial in understanding the predictive power of theories of transmissibility like Evolutionary Phonology. This article argues for a highly restricted, innatist phonological component. It discusses two testable predictions: the ‘straitjacket’ effect limits functionally well-motivated phenomena in arbitrary ways, the ‘functional ignorance’ effect means that some functionally well-motivated phenomena never occur. A restricted phono-logical component means that the explanatory domain of Evolutionary Phonology (and theories of transmissibility more generally) is i-language external phenomena, such as typological frequency.
Types, Moods, and Force Potentials: Towards a Comprehensive Account of German Sentence Mood Meanings
Authors: Zaefferer Dietmar 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

1. Introduction

I have agreed to comment on Truckenbrodt's paper mainly because I am sympathetic with the overall approach which aims at figuring out the non-syntactic correlates of the syntactic distinction between verb-initial and verb-final constructions in German sentences, both root and embedded clauses. Figuring out the non-syntactic correlates, however, is not exactly the same as examining the semantic motivation of some syntactic phenomenon. Semantic motivation for Truckenbrodt (henceforth HT) is the connection with illocutionary force. But other kinds of motivation are possible as well. I think in fact that one of the major shortcomings of HT's approach is his exclusive occupation with illocutionary semantics and his neglect of pragmatics in the sense of information structure.
Is German V-to-C Movement Really Semantically Motivated? Some Empirical Problems
Authors: Reis Marga 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

1. The central issue for a linguistic theory of sentence types is to what extent their meanings (‘sentence moods’) can be compositionally derived from their form. T[ruckenbrodt]'s paper is a valiant, and altogether fascinating attempt to identify a specific contribution of the central formal feature of German sentence types – verb position viz. finite verb movement to C (V-to-C ) – to these meanings. His central claim is that V-to-C is triggered by a context index in C containing crucial sentence mood elements that must be checked in order to yield the appropriate illocutionary interpretations of V-in-C root clauses. In short, according to T, German V-toC has a purely semantic viz. illocutionary motivation. It is this central claim that I will take issue with in the following.
The Contribution of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells to the Development of Renal Interstitial Fibrosis
Authors: Li Jinhua , Deane James A. , Campanale Naomi V. , Bertram John F. , Ricardo Sharon D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that bone marrow (BM)-derived cells may integrate into the kidney, giving rise to functional renal cell types, including endothelial and epithelial cells and myofibroblasts. BM-derived cells can contribute to repair of the renal peritubular capillary (PTC) network following acute ischemic injury. However, the cell fate and regulation of BM-derived cells during the progression of chronic renal disease remains unclear. Using chimeric mice transplanted with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing BM, we demonstrate that the number of BM-derived myofibroblasts coincided with the development of fibrosis in a mouse adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephrosis model of chronic, progressive renal fibrosis. Four weeks after ADR injection, increased numbers of BM-derived myofibroblasts were observed in the interstitium of ADR-injected mice. Six weeks after ADR injection, more than 30% of renal α-smooth muscle actin (+) (α-SMA+) interstitial myofibroblasts were derived from the BM. In addition, BM-derived cells were observed to express the endothelial cell marker CD31 and the myofibroblast marker α-SMA. Blockade of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad2 signaling was found to protect BM-derived PTC endothelial cells and inhibit the number of BM-derived von Willebrand factor (vWF)(+)/EGFP(+)/α-SMA(+) cells, EGFP(+)/α-SMA(+) cells, and total α-SMA(+) cells in ADR-injected mice. Inhibition of the p38 MAPK and TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathways enhanced PTC repair by decreasing endothelial-myofibroblast transformation, leading to structural and functional renal recovery and the attenuation of renal interstitial fibrosis. Investigation of the signaling pathways that regulate the differentiation and survival of BM-derived cells in a progressive disease setting is vital for the successful development of cell-based therapies for renal repair.