bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field evaluations of insecticide treatment regimens for control of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius (L.)
Authors: Moore David J , Miller Dini M 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Because bedbugs, Cimex lectularius L., have not been a problem in the USA for over 40 years, few insecticide products are labeled for their control. Most products that are labeled for bedbugs are pyrethroids. However, recent studies indicate that field‐collected bedbugs may be resistant to pyrethroids. There are also non‐pyrethroid products labeled for bedbugs, but, like the pyrethroids, none of these products has been evaluated for field efficacy. This study evaluated the efficacy of two insecticide treatment regimens for bedbugs in multi‐unit housing. Both of the treatments included multiple products currently being used by the pest management industry.RESULTS: The ‘traditional’ treatment consisted of applications of pyrethroid products and an insect growth regulator. The ‘novel’ treatment consisted of applications of non‐pyrethroid products. The traditional treatment significantly reduced the number of bedbugs from 39.8 ± 10.1 per unit prior to treatment to 2.2 ± 1.0 at the end of the test period (P = 0.02; 95% reduction). The number of live bedbugs in the ‘novel’ treatment was also significantly reduced from 71.4 ± 25.3 bedbugs per unit to 10.2 ± 4.4 after 8 weeks (86% population reduction).CONCLUSIONS: Although both treatment regimens reduced bedbug numbers, the fact that bedbugs were not eliminated after multiple applications suggests that the insecticides, applied at the current label rates, were inadequate. These results suggest that a more integrated approach to bedbug control is necessary in multi‐unit housing situations. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Toxicity of δ‐phenothrin and resmethrin to non‐target insects
Authors: Antwi Frank B , Peterson Robert KD 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The susceptibility of adult house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.), adult convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens (Guérin‐Méneville), and larval fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), to resmethrin and δ‐phenothrin synergized with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was evaluated in a laboratory bioassay procedure.RESULTS: The 1 day LC50 values for resmethrin + PBO were 23.2, 32.08 and 307.18 ng cm−2 for A. domesticus, H. convergens and S. frugiperda respectively. The 1 day LC50 values for δ‐phenothrin + PBO were 26.9, 74.91 and 228.57 ng cm−2 for A. domesticus, H. convergens and S. frugiperda respectively. The regression relationship between species mortality and concentration explained 51–81% of the variation for resmethrin + PBO and 72–97% of the variation for δ‐phenothrin + PBO. The LC50 values decreased with time for these insecticides for all surrogate species. In terms of sensitivities among the insects to resmethrin + PBO and δ‐phenothrin + PBO, A. domesticus was most sensitive, followed by H. convergens and then S. frugiperda.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that resmethrin + PBO was generally more toxic than δ‐phenothrin + PBO. Based on the results, A. domesticus seems to be a good surrogate species for estimating potential non‐target terrestrial insect impacts from exposure to pyrethroids used in public health applications. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Toxicity of emamectin benzoate to Cydia pomonella (L.) and Cydia molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): laboratory and field tests
Authors: Ioriatti Claudio , Anfora Gianfranco , Angeli Gino , Civolani Stefano , Schmidt Silvia , Pasqualini Edison 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Emamectin benzoate is a novel macrocyclic lactone insecticide derived from naturally occurring avermectin molecules isolated by fermentation from the soil microorganism Streptomyces avermitilis Kim & Goodfellow. The present study aims to evaluate the toxicity of emamectin benzoate to codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and oriental fruit moth, C. molesta (Busck), under laboratory and semi‐field conditions.RESULTS: Dose response bioassays showed that emamectin benzoate had a high level of intrinsic toxicity to early‐stage larvae of both species, and that contact activity might contribute significantly to mortality. In the semi‐field trials, residual toxicity lasted for more than 1 week. Ovicidal activity was recorded only for C. pomonella (approximately 30%), irrespective of the concentrations tested. Field trials confirmed the efficacy of emamectin benzoate on codling moth when applied at 7 day intervals. Fruit damage, both from the first and second generations, was comparable with that on treatment with chlorpyrifos‐ethyl, used as a chemical reference.CONCLUSION: Emamectin benzoate may be considered a valuable tool for the control of codling moth as a component of an IPM programme. Its collective advantages are: high efficacy, lack of cross‐resistance with currently used products, control of secondary pests such as oriental fruit moth and selective toxicity that spares beneficials. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Interplaying factors for the formation of photoswitchable β‐hairpins: the advantage of a flexible switch
Authors: Varedian Miranda , Erdélyi Máté , Persson Åsa , Gogoll Adolf 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA series of peptidomimetics intended to promote the β‐hairpin motif have been studied. Structural variations include a turn region with and without a photoswitchable chromophore, and strands with amino acid side chains supporting various degrees of interstrand interactions for hairpin stabilisation. The propensity of the compounds to form β‐hairpins was evaluated experimentally by NMR spectroscopy, translational self‐diffusion studies and CD spectroscopy. In the presence of hairpin stabilising interstrand interactions, the structurally flexible stilbene chromophore appeared to be well compatible with the imposed secondary structure. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do open‐ended survey questions on migration motives create coder variability problems?
Authors: Niedomysl Thomas , Malmberg Bo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractContemporary research on migration has benefited from adopting a variety of methodological approaches and different sources of information to provide answers to the ever‐recurring question of why people migrate. Yet, when it comes to central methods used for researching migration motives, progress appears to have been slow. This paper focuses on surveys to research migration motives using self‐administered postal questionnaires. It addresses a key validity question, namely the issue of whether the usage of open‐ended questions creates coder variability problems. An experimental research design was used where five coders independently coded 500 randomly selected responses from a large survey on migration motives. Krippendorff's α was calculated to test the level of agreement between the coders. The results advance our knowledge in two important ways: firstly, it is shown that coder variability is not a major problem (Krippendorff's α = 0.82). Secondly, it identifies those types of responses that nevertheless appear problematic to code. The implications of these findings for survey research on migration motives are discussed, and it is argued that open‐ended questions have some distinct advantages compared with the more commonly used closed‐ended questions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attractive vicinities
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Holm Einar , Lindgren Urban 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the significance of spatial and socioeconomic factors in determining place attractiveness, and it suggests an explorative method for the analysis of detailed patterns of spatial attractiveness. By departing from a simple spatial model that distinguishes between different hinterlands at varying distances from the individuals' immediate neighbourhood, we analyse the relative importance of demographic, labour‐market, service as well as physical factors for income levels and in‐migration rates. Based on a longitudinal spatially referenced micro‐database covering over 100 annual attributes per individual and digital land‐use information for the entire territory, vicinity characteristics were calculated for every populated square kilometre (108,000 squares). Regression, a partial F test andη2were used to decompose explained variation in attractiveness into indicators classified in socioeconomic categories and spatial ranges. The findings indicate a considerable variation across the spatial scale. For example, the characteristics of the vicinity (km2) seem to have a much larger influence on variation in place attractiveness than the characteristics of the hinterland (within 5 to 50 km). Moreover, place attractiveness seems to be determined to a very small extent by physical factors in the immediate vicinity. Demographic and socioeconomic factors appear to be the main determinants of place attractiveness. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The 1995–2000 interprefectural migration of foreign residents of Japan: salient features and multivariate explanation
Authors: Ishikawa Yoshitaka , Liaw Kao‐Lee 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTaking advantage of large samples from the 2000 census, this paper attempts (1) to identify the salient features of the 1995–2000 interprefectural migration of foreign residents in Japan; and (2) to carry out a multivariate explanation of this migration process by using a nested logit model which consists of a departure submodel at the upper level and a destination choice submodel at the lower level. Our main findings are as follows. Firstly, the migration process differed markedly between foreign residents and native Japanese. Secondly, the interprefectural migration process of the foreign residents was highly selective with respect to both ethnicity and educational attainment. Thirdly, the effects of labour‐market factors, co‐ethnic attraction and marital opportunities in the destination choice submodel conformed to expectations. Finally, the strong displacement effect of new immigrants in the departure submodel suggests that the foreign residents were competing with each other for rather limited economic opportunities in Japan. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coherent control of ground state excitons in the nonlinear regime within an ensemble of self‐assembled InAs quantum dots
Authors: Moldaschl Thomas , Müller Thomas , Golka Sebastian , Parz Wolfgang , Strasser Gottfried , Unterrainer Karl 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this work femtosecond spectral hole burning spectroscopy is used to resonantly excite ground state excitons in an ensemble of self‐assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots with a strong pump pulse. Two fundamental coherent nonlinear effects are observed with the aid of the intrinsic time‐ and frequency resolution of the setup: The low temperature Rabi oscillation of the two‐level system associated with the excitonic ground state transition and the observation of two‐photon absorption in the surrounding GaAs crystal matrix. The emergence of the latter effect also infers the existence of charged excitons in the nominally undoped QD sample, backed up by the observation of additional spectral holes next to the excitonic transitions. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electron states in CdMnSe/ZnSe and in CdSe/ZnMnSe diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum dots
Authors: Triki M. , Afia S. Ben , Jaziri S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSelf‐assembed quantum dots (QDs) based on II‐VI compounds are interesting with regard to their electronic and optical properties due to their large scale provided by their fundamental gap. Among II‐VI materials, diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) nanostructures like CdSe/ZnMnSe and CdMnSe/ZnSe QDs are of particular interest due to the exchange interaction between the spin of the carriers and the spin of the paramagnetic Mn2+ ions located in ternary alloy layers. The application of an external magnetic field at low temperature induce the so‐called giant Zeemann effect of the band edges. In this work we first report the band offset calculations for zinc blende pseudomorphically strained CdSe/ZnSe interface. Then, we calculate the lowest electron states in both (Cd,Mn)Se/ZnSe and in CdSe/(Zn,Mn)Se QDs. Results show that the giant Zeeman splitting is more important when the Mn ions are inside the dot. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theoretical analysis of modal gain in p‐doped 1.3 μm InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers
Authors: Ji Hai‐Ming , Yang Tao , Cao Yu‐Lian , Ma Wen‐Quan , Cao Qing , Chen Liang‐Hui 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA theoretical study of modal gain in p‐doped 1.3 μm InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) lasers is presented. The expression of modal gain is derived, which includes an effective ratio that describes how many QDs contribute to the modal gain. The calculated results indicate that the modal gain with the effective ratio is much smaller than that without the effective ratio. The calculated maximum modal gain is in a good agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, QDs with lower height or smaller aspect ratio are beneficial in achieving a larger maximum modal gain that leads to lower threshold current density and higher differential modal gain. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modulation of tropical convection by breaking Rossby waves
Authors: Allen G. , Vaughan G. , Brunner D. , T. May P. , Heyes W. , Minnis P. , K. Ayers J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis work discusses observations of both the convective‐inhibiting and convective‐promoting properties associated with Rossby waves that break in the extratropics and extend into the tropics. Two tropical drought periods—times of reduced tropical cloudiness and rainfall—were observed during mid to late November 2005 over a wide area of north‐west Australia, with an observed eruption of a nearby synoptic tropical cloud band in between times. Both convective inhibition and promotion appear to be linked to the descent of dry upper tropospheric air within a series of tropopause folds; convective inhibition was observed within the dry pool itself, whilst convective promotion was observed on the high moisture gradient at the leading edge of an advancing dry slot. A range of satellite images, surface rain gauges, radiosonde and ozonesonde data are used in conjunction with back trajectories and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis fields to investigate the origins and dynamics associated with these convective events, showing each to be ultimately linked to breaking Rossby wave activity on the southern subtropical jet. Together, these observations support a growing number of studies linking midlatitude tropopause‐level dynamics with the modulation of tropical deep convection, an influence that is poorly characterized when considering the climatology of tropical cloudiness and rainfall. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Weight interpolation for efficient data assimilation with the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter
Authors: Yang Shu‐Chih , Kalnay Eugenia , Hunt Brian , E. Bowler Neill 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe have investigated a method to substantially reduce the analysis computations within the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) framework. Instead of computing the LETKF analysis at every model grid point, we compute the analysis on a coarser grid and interpolate onto a high‐resolution grid by interpolating the analysis weights of the ensemble forecast members derived from the LETKF.Because the weights vary on larger scales than the analysis increments, there is little degradation in the quality of the weight‐interpolated analyses compared to the analyses derived with the high‐resolution grid. The weight‐interpolated analyses are more accurate than the ones derived by interpolating the analysis increments. Additional benefit from the weight‐interpolation method includes improving the analysis accuracy in the data‐void regions, where the standard LEKTF with the high‐resolution grid gives no analysis corrections due to a lack of available observations. Copyright © Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright, 2008
A multirange architecture for collision‐free off‐road robot navigation
Authors: Sermanet Pierre , Hadsell Raia , Scoffier Marco , Grimes Matt , Ben Jan , Erkan Ayse , Crudele Chris , Miller Urs , LeCun Yann 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe present a multilayered mapping, planning, and command execution system developed and tested on the LAGR mobile robot. Key to robust performance under uncertainty is the combination of a short‐range perception system operating at high frame rate and low resolution and a long‐range, adaptive vision system operating at lower frame rate and higher resolution. The short‐range module performs local planning and obstacle avoidance with fast reaction times, whereas the long‐range module performs strategic visual planning. Probabilistic traversability labels provided by the perception modules are combined and accumulated into a robot‐centered hyperbolic‐polar map with a 200‐m effective range. Instead of using a dynamical model of the robot for short‐range planning, the system uses a large lookup table of physically possible trajectory segments recorded on the robot in a wide variety of driving conditions. Localization is performed using a combination of global positioning system, wheel odometry, inertial measurement unit, and a high‐speed, low‐complexity rotational visual odometry module. The end‐to‐end system was developed and tested on the LAGR mobile robot and was verified in independent government tests. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Depth versus breadth: How content coverage in high school science courses relates to later success in college science coursework
Authors: Schwartz Marc S. , Sadler Philip M. , Sonnert Gerhard , Tai Robert H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study relates the performance of college students in introductory science courses to the amount of content covered in their high school science courses. The sample includes 8310 students in introductory biology, chemistry, or physics courses in 55 randomly chosen U.S. colleges and universities. Students who reported covering at least 1 major topic in depth, for a month or longer, in high school were found to earn higher grades in college science than did students who reported no coverage in depth. Students reporting breadth in their high school course, covering all major topics, did not appear to have any advantage in chemistry or physics and a significant disadvantage in biology. Care was taken to account for significant covariates: socioeconomic variables, English and mathematics proficiency, and rigor of their preparatory high science course. Alternative operationalizations of depth and breadth variables result in very similar findings. We conclude that teachers should use their judgment to reduce coverage in high school science courses and aim for mastery by extending at least 1 topic in depth over an extended period of time. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 93:798–826, 2009
Alignment between the physics content standard and the standardized test: A comparison among the United States‐New York State, Singapore, and China‐Jiangsu
Authors: Liu Xiufeng , Zhang Baohui , Liang Ling L. , Fulmer Gavin , Kim Beaumie , Yuan Haiquan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlignment between content standards and standardized tests is a significant issue to society, science pedagogy, and test validation. To better understand the issues related to alignment, this study compares the alignment in physics among three education systems: Jiangsu (China), New York State (United States), and Singapore. The same coding framework for content standards and standardized tests is used to compute the alignment indices in the three education systems. It was found that there was a statistically significant alignment between the New York content standard and the standardized test for physics, but there was not a statistically significant alignment for Chinese and Singapore physics. The insignificant alignment for Chinese and Singapore physics was due to a shift toward higher level cognitive reasoning skills from content standards to standardized tests. For Chinese physics, the insignificant alignment was also due to a heavier emphasis on electricity in the test than in the content standard. Both significant and insignificant alignments may result in desirable and undesirable effects on guiding classroom instruction. Thus, ongoing study of the alignment between a science content standard and the standardized test is necessary for any education system, and alignment studies may be used as a means of teacher professional development for improving student achievement. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 93:777–797, 2009
The association between stress, self‐esteem and childhood acceptance in nursing and pharmacy students: a comparative cross‐cultural analysis
Authors: Mimura Chizu , Murrells Trevor , Griffiths Peter 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe proposition that stress level is affected by self‐esteem development, for which acceptance from others in childhood is a key issue, was tested in two health care professions. The sample was 131 from nursing studies and 91 from pharmacy studies at a university in London, and 344 from nursing and 976 from pharmacy in Tokyo. Levels of stress were measured with the Perceived Stress Scale, self‐esteem with the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale and childhood acceptance with the Parental Nurturance Scale. The data were analysed in terms of levels of and causal path between stress, self‐esteem and childhood acceptance. The proposed mechanism was supported among the nursing and pharmacy students in both British and Japanese cultures. The sample was also found to be substantially high on stress and low on self‐esteem and childhood acceptance. The results suggested that those entering the health care profession, such as nursing and pharmacy, have some additional vulnerability to stress compared with the general population. Enhancing self‐esteem was strongly recommended in stress management for health care professions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The biology, ecology and economic importance of the pink scavenger caterpillar Pyroderces rileyi (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) on banana in Jamaica
Authors: Garraway E , Henry DC , Critchley BR 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe pink scavenger caterpillar Pyroderces rileyi Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) is a recent pest of bananas in Jamaica. The larval faecal pellets result in scarring of the banana fruit. The pest occurs on several crops, including cotton, sorghum and maize, across the world. Its biology in Jamaica, food plant preferences and impact of the recommended control method are examined. Adult trapping methods are investigated. Development from egg to adult took an average of approximately 37 days. The number of larvae increases with the age of the bunch, probably due to decreased amounts of latex as the bunch matures. Adult male moths were caught using traps baited with (E)‐11‐tetradecenyl acetate as a pheromone lure. Pheromone lures based on a related species, P. simplex Walsingham, were tested but a second minor (< 10%) component, (E)‐11‐tetradecen‐1‐ol, present in P. simplex did not appreciably enhance the attractancy of the acetate component. Deflowering was effective as a control measure, significantly reducing adult numbers as well as the level of scarring. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd