bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing wealth creation from mergers and acquisitions: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Datta Deepak K. , Pinches George E. , Narayanan V. K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study analyzes the empirical literature concerning the influence of various factors on shareholder wealth creation in mergers and acquisitions using a multivariate framework. Overall, results indicate that while the target firm's shareholders gain significantly from mergers and acquisitions, those of the bidding firm do not. Findings also indicate that the use of stock financing has a significant impact on the wealth of both the target and bidding firms' shareholders. The presence of multiple bidders and the type of acquisition influence the bidders' return, while regulatory changes and tender offers influence the targets' returns. The paper also provides a comparison of our findings with that of previous narrative reviews and discusses their implications from the viewpoint of managers and researchers.
SBU strategy and performance: The moderating effects of the corporate‐SBU relationship
Authors: Golden Brian R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study suggests that the link between an SBU strategy and performance is moderated by the SBU's relationship with corporate management. Information processing arguments suggest that this relationship, typically characterized by general measures of centralization, has been inappropriately conceptualized in prior research. An alternative view, one that considers which decisions and activities should be controlled by the individual SBU, is proposed and tested. The results of a study of 496 SBUs indicate that SBU performance is enhanced when: (1) SBUs with an external strategic orientation control environmental monitoring activities and strategic decision analysis, and (2) SBUs with an intraorganizational orientation control those activities relating to operations. Weaker SBU performance is associated with SBU control over those functions and activities not central to the SBU's business strategy. Therefore, it is suggested that the corporate‐SBU relationship can either facilitate or inhibit the implementation of the SBU's intended strategy.
The resource‐based view within the conversation of strategic management
Authors: Mahoney Joseph T. , Pandian J. Rajendran 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe resource‐based approach is an emerging framework that has stimulated discussion between scholars from three research perspectives. First, the resource‐based theory incorporates traditional strategy insights concerning a firm's distinctive competencies and heterogeneous capabilities. The resource‐based approach also provides value‐added theoretical propositions that are testable within the diversification strategy literature. Second, the resource‐based view fits comfortably within the organizational economics paradigm. Third, the resource‐based view is complementary to industrial organization research. The resource‐based view provides a framework for increasing dialogue between scholars from these important research areas within the conversation of strategic management. Resource‐based studies that give simultaneous attention to each of these research programs are suggested.
The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource‐based view
Authors: Peteraf Margaret A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper elucidates the underlying economics of the resource‐based view of competitive advantage and integrates existing perspectives into a parsimonious model of resources and firm performance. The essence of this model is that four conditions underlie sustained competitive advantage, all of which must be met. These include superior resources (heterogeneity within an industry), ex post limits to competition, imperfect resource mobility, and ex ante limits to competition. In the concluding section, applications of the model for both single business strategy and corporate strategy are discussed.
Construct validity of an objective (entropy) categorical measure of diversification strategy
Authors: Hoskisson Robert E. , Hitt Michael A. , Johnson Richard A. , Moesel Douglas D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study measures the construct validity of an objective (entropy) approach to measurement of diversification strategy. Results indicate strong convergent, discriminant and criterion‐related validity for the entropy measure of diversification. In particular, support for the entropy measure of diversification strategy was demonstrated through associations with the Rumelt subjective measure of diversification (convergent validity); size, debt and R&D intensity (discriminant validity); and accounting and market‐based performance (criterion‐related validity). Using structural equations modeling, the study reports strong standardized validity coefficients with a diversification factor (0.87 for the entropy and 0.94 for Rumelt's measures). The objective (SIC count) measure exhibits a low standardized validity coefficient (0.44) with the diversification factor. In a discriminant validity test, 70 percent of the variance in the entropy measure is unique to diversification while only 2.8 percent and 7.6 percent are unique to leverage and size, respectively. However, only 6.3 percent of the variance in the SIC count measure is unique to diversification. The study suggests that it may be more appropriate to use the diversification factor with both the entropy and Rumelt subjective measures for maximum accuracy (however, using either alone would be acceptable). Also, the results suggest that the SIC measure may be appropriate in more limited circumstances.
Operational performance of airlines: An extension of traditional measurement paradigms
Authors: Schefczyk Michael 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study presents a new approach for measuring operational performance, an important facet of performance missing in the current literature concerned with international airline strategy. International performance assessments of airlines from published financial information are difficult, because (1) most airlines lease a substantial fraction of their aircraft, and (2) different accounting and taxation rules in various countries result in different impacts of leased assets on profit and balance‐sheet information. A possible solution are nonfinancial data. For example, the number of available ton kilometers may reflect aircraft capacity more accurately than flight equipment depreciation. However, different units of measurement introduce new difficulties. Drawing on data from 15 airlines, this study utilizes 'Data Envelopment Analysis' as a technique to analyze and compare operational performance of airlines. The study concludes with an analysis of strategic factors of high profitability and performance in the airline industry.
Parallel sourcing and supplier performance in the Japanese automobile industry
Authors: Richardson James 
Published: May 2007

AbstractJapanese auto makers are reported to enjoy high supplier performance through long‐term relationships, specific investments, and sole sourcing. Quality management consultants in the U.S. have been strongly advocating adoption of these practices. But economic and management theorists would predict that the combination of a high level of relationship‐specific investments and sole sourcing will lead to problems with supplier performance. In fact the Japanese auto makers use a hybrid form of organization we term parallel sourcing. We present a transaction costs model that shows how parallel sourcing provides incentives for supplier performance associated with multiple sourcing while preserving claimed benefits of sole sourcing.
Understanding the rationale of strategic technology partnering: Interorganizational modes of cooperation and sectoral differences
Authors: Hagedoorn John 
Published: May 2007

AbstractInterfirm strategic alliances appear to have become more important as a part of (international) business. In this contribution an attempt is made to clarify our understanding of the motives that lead firms to cooperate in their innovative efforts. Going beyond general theoretical statements and case studies, attention is paid to both sectoral differences in the motivation for partnerships as well as to contrasts in interorganizational features of technology cooperation. Based on a large sample of alliances the analysis reveals some major differences regarding the research orientation of contractual arrangements and organizationally complex alliances.
Estimating risk‐return relationships: An analysis of measures
Authors: Baucus David A. , Golec Joseph H. , Cooper Juett R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe show that the risk‐return paradox can be partly explained by the choice of accounting risk and return measures. Returns computed with equity or assets from End‐of‐Period (EOP) annual reports produce negative risk‐return associations, while measures calculated using Beginning‐of‐Period (BOP) equity or assets yield more positive relationships. The likelihood of reporting negative relationships using EOP methods is accentuated by dividing samples at median returns. Below‐median firms suffer losses and may appear to have lower and more variable returns than above‐median firms, simply because of EOP methods. Our results show that mean and variance measures are unstable and risk‐return relationships vary inversely the number of firms reporting mean losses.
Organizational performance in a regulated environment: The role of strategic orientation
Authors: Ramaswamy Kannan , Thomas Anisya S. , Litschert Robert J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study explores the influence of governmental regulation on organizational strategies and performance outcomes. Drawing on literature in strategic management, we provide a longitudinal empirical analysis of viable strategies in the U.S. domestic airline industry during a 6‐year period (1965‐70) when it was regulated by the Civil Aeronautics Board. Results indicate that air carriers were indeed able to articulate coherent strategic postures despite regulatory constraints, and were thus able to influence profitability.
How new top managers use control systems as levers of strategic renewal
Authors: Simons Robert 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis research is a longitudinal study of 10 newly‐appointed top managers; the research focuses on understanding (1) their business vision and strategy and (2) how they use formal control systems as levers of strategic change and renewal. The results reported in the paper are based on data collected over a period of approximately 18 months following the appointment of each new manager. Analysis of the data suggests that control systems are important levers used to manage both evolutionary and revolutionary change.In situations of strategic change, control systems are used by top managers to formalize beliefs, set boundaries on acceptable strategic behavior, define and measure critical performance variables, and motivate debate and discussion about strategic uncertainties. In addition to traditional measuring and monitoring functions, control systems are used by top managers to overcome organizational inertia; communicate new strategic agendas; establish implementation timetables and targets; and ensure continuing attention to new strategic initiatives.
Trading in strategic resources: Necessary conditions, transaction cost problems, and choice of exchange structure
Authors: Chi Tailan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe paper develops a theoretical framework for analyzing the exchange structure in the trading of imperfectly imitable and imperfectly mobile firm resources. It first explores the conditions for such resources to be gainfully traded between firms and then investigates the interconnections between barriers to imitation and impediments to trading. A major part of the paper is devoted to developing an integrative and yet parsimonious model for assessing the exchange structure between firms that are involved in the trading of strategic resources in the face of signifcant transaction cost problems. The model is applied in the last part of the paper to the analysis of the choice between acquisitions and collaborative ventures.
Retrenchment remains the foundation of business turnaround
Authors: Pearce John A. , Robbins D. Keith 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn the preceding article, Barker and Mone raised questions about the methodological adequacy of an article that we published in 1992 in this journal. After careful consideration of their ‘replication’ and reassessment of our work, we reached surprising conclusions. First. Barker and Mone failed to accurately represent many major elements of our study. Second, viewed independently, their conclusions can be attributed to unusual and selectively applied operational definitions, disregard for company‐specific and industry contexts, and exclusive reliance on secondary data. Nevertheless, their results also add strong support for the emerging theory of a two‐stage turnaround process involving retrenchment and recovery, as modeled by Robbins and Pearce (1992).
Vision salience and strategic involvement: Implications for psychological attachment to organization and job
Authors: Oswald Sharon L. , Mossholder Kevin W. , Harris Stanley G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractManagers' perceptions of their involvement in strategic planning were hypothesized to be positively related with their feelings of organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and job involvement. Further, it was also hypothesized that the relationship between strategic involvement and these work‐related attitudes would be enhanced to the extent that the managers' felt that a salient strategic vision was guiding the company. We tested these two hypotheses using a sample of upper level managers in a large corporation undergoing a major strategic transformation. With the exception of finding no evidence that vision salience moderated the positive relationship between strategic involvement and job involvement, both hypotheses were supported. With regard to managers' psychological attachment to the organization, the results suggest that there are advantages afforded by involving them in the strategy making process, and that these advantages are magnified to the extent that the involvement occurs within the context of a salient strategic vision.
The dominant logic: Retrospective and extension
Authors: Bettis Richard A. , Prahalad C. K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper briefly reviews some history of the concept of dominant logic, and then elaborates some of the ways in which the authors have further developed this concept in recent years. Discussion focuses on the dominant logic as a filter, on the dominant logic as a level of strategic analysis, on the unlearning (forgetting) curve, on the dominant logic as an emergent property of organizations as complex adaptive systems, and on the relationship between organizational stability and the dominant logic. Throughout emphasis is given to the inherent nonlinear nature of organizations and the mental models that they create.
Further evidence on the validity of the self typing paragraph approach: Miles and snow strategic archetypes in banking
Authors: James William L. , Hatten Kenneth J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn analysis of 399 banks self typed as prospectors, analyzers or defenders indicated that the self typing paragraph approach was a useful measurement instrument which has reasonable convergent validity, supporting Shortell and Zajac (1990), and providing further evidence of the value of the self typing paragraph approach in strategy research.
Dominant designs and the survival of firms
Authors: Suárez Fernando F. , Utterback James M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe economic, population ecology and strategic perspectives on firm survival are here complemented by viewing the same phenomenon from the viewpoint of technology evolution as well. The hypothesis tested is that the competitive environment of an industry, and therefore the survival of firms in it, is substantially affected by the evolution of the technology on which it is based. Survival analysis is applied to data from six industries. The results show that by explicitly including technology as a dynamic and strategic variable our understanding of firms' survival potential and success can be enhanced.
Japanese spinoffs: Unexplored survival strategies
Authors: Ito Kiyohiko 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper analyzes spinoffs of Japanese firms and the use of the spinoff as an instrument to achieve corporate growth objectives. The initial separation of the organizations and its governance mode are analyzed in the context of transaction costs theory. Spinoffs may be created in order to (1) balance costs associated with managing diversified businesses, (2) generate growth based on core competencies of a firm, and (3) pursue an efficient internal labor market. In a changing environment, the spinoff has been a widely used flexible organizational arrangement that is suitable to survival and offers an alternative way of diversification.
Dynamisches Handling im Vakuum
Authors: Leischnig Lothar 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDer Einsatz bewegter Systeme in der Vakuumkammer erfordert ein Umdenken bei der Konstruktion, der Auswahl der Materialien und deren Verarbeitung. Insbesondere trifft dies zu, wenn Bewegungen präzise, besonders gleichmäßige und dynamische ausgeführt werden müssen. Die Antriebe müssen innerhalb der Kammer arbeiten, Drehdurchführungen mit außen liegendem Antrieb sind nur bedingt einsetzbar.Beim Ätzen von Substraten sind dynamische Abläufe mit guter Positioniergenauigkeit gefordert, beim Beschichten ist eine hohe Gleichlaufgüte unabdingbar.Besonders zu beachten sind die Ausgasungsraten der eingesetzten Komponenten und Werkstoffe sowie deren Partikelemission.Durch geeignete konstruktive Maßnahmen können Systeme hergestellt werden, die diese Anforderungen erfüllen.
Direct optical monitoring on the rotating substrate holder
Authors: Zöller Alfons 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSingle wavelength optical monitoring is frequently applied in large box coaters. In state of the art optical coating systems a testglass changer with stationary test glasses is used for thickness monitoring while the substrates are located on a rotating substrate holder. The accuracy of this so called indirect monitoring technique is mainly limited by variations of the tooling factor. Direct monitoring on a substrate which is located on the rotating substrate holder avoids these errors and takes advantage of automatic thickness error compensation effects.The paper reports substantial progress which has been achieved for coating systems with large area substrate holders (up to Ø 1500 mm). Intermittent monitoring on a substrate or a witness was applied. This technique enables rapid prototyping with tight specifications and high yields in large area batch coaters.Application results of challenging optical multilayer systems are demonstrating clearly the potential of this powerful monitoring technique. The monitoring capability was investigated for a lot of different layer systems such as dielectric mirrors, anti‐reflection coatings, sophisticated edge filters, polarizer coatings, beam splitters multiple cavity band‐pass filters and notch filter coatings. Strong coincidence of theory with experiment was achieved with plasma ion assisted deposition (PIAD) and magnetron sputtering. Reproducibility experiments have clearly shown the benefits of this monitoring technique.
Heliumlecktestgeräte für die Qualitätsprüfung von Gehäusen für Vakuumverdichter
Authors: Surek D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIm Beitrag wird ein einfaches und kostengünstiges Konzept einer Heliumlecktestanlage zur Prüfung von Gehäusen von Vakuumverdichtern für die Grobvakuumtechnik dargestellt. Für die Prüfung wurde ein spezieller gut abgedichteter Prüfplatz entwickelt. Die Abdichtung des Prüfgehäuses erfolgt mit einer speziellen Profildichtung aus Kunststoff, die kein Helium aufnehmen darf. Das Helium‐Lecktestgerät HLT 565 für eine Leckrate von 10‐12 mbar l/s ist unmittelbar unter dem Prüfplatz installiert und soll Leckraten bis 10–6 mbar l/s messen. Es ist über eine Vakuumsteuerung an den Prüfplatz angeschlossen. In der Vakuumsteuerung mit sehr kurzen Leitungen sind die Magnetventile, die Vakuumpumpen, die Druckmessgeräte und das Eichgerät für das Heliumlecktestgerät untergebracht. Dadurch wird eine sehr kurze Taktzeit für den Prüfgang von t = 22,9 s erreicht, so dass das Gerät auch für eine Serienfertigung mit großer Fertigungsstückzahl nutzbar ist.Der Transport der Prüfkörper und alle Bewegungsabläufe erfolgen mechanisch‐pneumatisch. Zum Betrieb der Heliumlecktesteinrichtung ist also ein Elektroanschluss von U = 230 V, der mit 6A gespeist wird und ein Druckluftanschluss zur Betätigung der elektrisch‐pneumatischen Steuerung und der Pneumatikzylinder von p=6 bar und einem Luftvolumenstrom von =10 l/min erforderlich. Damit werden die erforderlichen Bewegungsgeschwindigkeiten von c = 0,25 bis 0,50 m/s erreicht. Für die elektrisch‐pneumatische Steuerung des Gerätes wird die programmierbare Steuerung Simatic S7 eingesetzt, die ebenso wie der pneumatische Steuerungsanteil in einem separaten Gehäuse angeordnet ist. Als Heliumleckprüfgeräte lassen sich unterschiedliche Geräte der wichtigsten Herstellerfirmen einbauen.
Mikrowellen‐PECVD für kontinuierliche Großflächenbeschichtung bei Atmosphärendruck
Authors: Dani Ines , Tschöcke Sebastian , Kotte Liliana , Mäder Gerrit , Dresler Birte , Hopfe Volkmar 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPlasma‐Oberflächenprozesse werden zur Veredlung von Halbzeugen und Bauteilen vielfältig eingesetzt, typische Beispiele sind Beschichtungen für einen verbesserten Korrosions‐ und Kratzschutz oder die Oberflächenreinigung. Da diese Prozesse jedoch in der Regel im Vakuum ablaufen, sind sie für großflächige industrielle Anwendungen wenig geeignet. Durch den Übergang zur Atmosphärendruck‐Plasmatechnologie ergeben sich günstige Möglichkeiten zur Integration in kontinuierliche Produktionslinien und damit verbundene Vorteile hinsichtlich Kosten und erhöhtem Durchsatz. Mikrowellen‐Plasmaquellen bilden sehr leistungsstarke Module für die plasmagestützte chemische Gasphasenbeschichtung (PECVD) bei Atmosphärendruck.Im Fraunhofer IWS werden sowohl Prozess‐ und Anlagenentwicklungen durchgeführt als auch applikationsspezifische Materialentwicklungen. Die Beschichtungen eignen sich beispielsweise für Kratzfestausrüstungen auf Metalloberflächen, als Barriere‐ oder Korrosionsschutzschichten oder als Antireflexionsschichten auf Solarzellen. Die erzielten Schichteigenschaften entsprechen weitgehend denen aus Niederdruck‐PECVD Prozessen.
Die allseits frei gelagerte quadratische Platte unter Einzellast
Authors: Withum D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird der Spannungs‐ und Verformungszustand einer quadratischen Platte untersucht, deren Ränder frei aufliegend gelagert sind und die sich daher im Bereich der Ecken unter Einfluß einer Einzellast von der Lagerung abhebt.
Stability Analysis of a Nonlinear Viscoelastic Column
Authors: Distéfano J. N. , Sackman J. L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA Volterra‐Fréchet functional expansion is used to represent the stress‐strain relation of a general nonlinear viscoelastic material. Application is made to the investigation of the stability of a centrally loaded nonlinear viscoelastic column. By investigating the singularities of the integral equation governing the deflection of the column subjected to a small perturbation, general conditions for instantaneous stability are derived. Asymptotic stability of the column is also investigated, and by the use of a general Tauberian theorem, conditions which ensure long time stability of the column are obtained.