bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining the salience of left–right ideology in postindustrial democracies: The role of structural economic change
Authors: HELLWIG TIMOTHY 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDoes left–right ideology structure electoral competition? While many studies show that ideology is a powerful determinant of party choice, a growing number of scholars claim that the salience of ‘left’ and ‘right’ has declined in recent decades. These contrasting views motivate a consideration of whether the salience of the left–right dimension varies across political parties and national contexts. Drawing on recent advances in the study of the welfare state, this article argues that just as policy appeals expressed in the language of left and right crystallised during a period of economic change, changes in the organisation of postindustrial economies should weaken the left–right bases of competition. Analyses of 87 parties in 16 parliamentary democracies show that occupational heterogeneity in postindustrial economies – indicated by employment in the private service sector and in industries exposed to international competition – reduces the salience of the left–right dimension for the vote. The implications of study findings for future work on policy responsiveness and electoral change in advanced capitalist democracies are discussed.
Review The Role of Medical Directors in Dialysis Facilities Series Editor: Robert A. Gutman: Medical Director Contracting
Authors: Pristave Robert J. , Velez Ruben L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThose nephrologists who are entering into new, or re‐negotiating old, medical director contracts should take into consideration the large number of changes in the environment that have a bearing on the structure and wording of proposed contracts. This contribution offers specific guidance to assist with those efforts.
Hemodialysis Graft with Blind Loop Inflow Segment Treated with Stent Placement
Authors: Wusirika Raghav , Leavitt Matthew , Boyer Charles , Wilson Tamara J. , Gorrell Vickie L. , Segal Jonathan , Weitzel William F. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe report a case of occlusion of a graft related to residual thrombus collection at the inflow in a blind pouch formed by conversion of a previous brachial cephalic fistula to a graft. The thrombus was unable to be dislodged by conventional methods with the use of a Fogarty balloon and maceration of thrombus with angioplasty. A covered stent was placed at the inflow segment over this thrombus in order to restore the flow through the graft. Angiographic evidence for this case is also reported.
Alcohol Content Variation of Bar and Restaurant Drinks in Northern California
Authors: Kerr William C. , Patterson Deidre , Koenen Mary Albert , Greenfield Thomas K. 
Published: July 2008

Objective:  To estimate the average of and sources of variation in the alcohol content of drinks served on premise in 10 Northern Californian counties.Methods:  Focus groups of bartenders were conducted to evaluate potential sources of drink alcohol content variation. In the main study, 80 establishments were visited by a team of research personnel who purchased and measured the volume of particular beer, wine, and spirit drinks. Brand or analysis of a sample of the drink was used to determine the alcohol concentration by volume.Results:  The average wine drink was found to contain 43% more alcohol than a standard drink, with no difference between red and white wine. The average draught beer was 22% greater than the standard. Spirit drinks differed by type with the average shot being equal to one standard drink while mixed drinks were 42% greater. Variation in alcohol content was particularly wide for wine and mixed spirit drinks. No significant differences in mean drink alcohol content were observed by county for beer or spirits but one county was lower than two others for wine.Conclusions:  On premise drinks typically contained more alcohol than the standard drink with the exception of shots and bottled beers. Wine and mixed spirit drinks were the largest with nearly 1.5 times the alcohol of a standard drink on average. Consumers should be made aware of these substantial differences and key sources of variation in drink alcohol content, and research studies should utilize this information in the interpretation of reported numbers of drinks.
The American Red Cross donor hemovigilance program: complications of blood donation reported in 2006
Authors: Eder Anne F. , Dy Beth A. , Kennedy Jean M. , Notari IV Edward P. , Strupp Annie , Wissel Mary Ellen , Reddy Ramakrishna , Gibble Joan , Haimowitz Marcia D. , Newman Bruce H. , Chambers Linda A. , Hillyer Christopher D. , Benjamin Richard J. 
Published: July 2008

BACKGROUND: The American Red Cross (ARC) initiated a comprehensive donor hemovigilance program in 2003. We provide an overview of reported complications after whole blood (WB), apheresis platelet (PLT), or automated red cell (R2) donation and analyze factors contributing to the variability in reported complication rates in our national program.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Complications recorded at the collection site or reported after allogeneic WB, apheresis PLT, and R2 donation procedures in 36 regional blood centers in 2006 were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression.RESULTS: Complications after 6,014,472 WB, 449,594 PLT, and 228,183 R2 procedures totaled 209,815, 25,966, and 12,282 (348.9, 577.5, and 538.3 per 10,000 donations), respectively, the vast majority of which were minor presyncopal reactions and small hematomas. Regional center, donor age, sex, and donation status were independently associated with complication rates after WB, PLT, and R2 donation. Seasonal variability in complications rates after WB and R2 donation correlated with the proportion of donors under 20 years old. Excluding large hematomas, the overall rate of major complications was 7.4, 5.2, and 3.3 per 10,000 collections for WB, PLT, and R2 procedures, respectively. Outside medical care was recorded at similar rates for both WB and automated collections (3.2 vs. 2.9 per 10,000 donations, respectively).CONCLUSION: The ARC data describe the current risks of blood donation in a model multicenter hemovigilance system using standardized definitions and reporting protocols. Reported reaction rates varied by regional center independently of donor demographics, limiting direct comparison of different regional blood centers.
The effects of additive solution pH and metabolic rejuvenation on anaerobic storage of red cells
Authors: Yoshida Tatsuro , AuBuchon James P. , Dumont Larry J. , Gorham James D. , Gifford Sean C. , Foster Kevin Y. , Bitensky Mark W. 
Published: July 2008

BACKGROUND: Red cell (RBC) storage can be extended to 9 weeks under anaerobic or alkaline conditions. Simultaneous use of these approaches has not provided additive benefit. Our objective was to determine whether anaerobic storage with acidified additive solution (AS) coupled with metabolic rejuvenation might further improve the benefits of anaerobic storage.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RBC storage in AS with a pH value of 6.5, 7.4, or 8.3 in aerobic or anaerobic conditions was examined using a panel of in vitro biochemical and RBC markers. RBC rejuvenation during cold storage was also evaluated. A randomized crossover radiolabeled recovery study (eight subjects) evaluated anaerobic RBC storage using AS65 with cold rejuvenation for up to 16 weeks of storage.RESULTS: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and diphosphoglycerate acid (DPG) were better maintained in anaerobic storage than in aerobic storage. Acidic or neutral AS preserved ATP concentration better, while a neutral or basic pH AS favored maintenance of DPG levels at higher levels for a longer period. AS pH had less of an effect on exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), vesicle protein release, and hemolysis. Rejuvenation of RBCs during cold, anaerobic storage resulted in increases in ATP and DPG levels and a reversal of PS exposure. Anaerobic storage of RBCs in pH 6.5 AS rejuvenated at 7 weeks of storage yielded RBC 24‐hour recoveries of 77.3 ± 12.5 percent after 10 weeks' storage time. After a second rejuvenation at Week 11, six subjects' units demonstrated a recovery of 75.9 ± 7.3 percent at 12 weeks of storage.CONCLUSION: Extended RBC storage may be achieved using anaerobic conditions combined with low‐pH AS and rejuvenation during storage.
Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome and other treatment complications of extreme uremia: A rare occurrence yet not vanished
Authors: LOPEZ‐ALMARAZ Ernesto , CORREA‐ROTTER Ricardo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSevere uremia is now a rare occurrence in most developed nations, and yet is still present in many countries of the world. It includes clinical manifestations such as calciphylaxis and uremic frost, which are now rarely seen. Patients with extremely high levels of blood urea nitrogen (above 175 mg/dL) are at a higher risk of experiencing first‐time hemodialysis‐related complications, in particular dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS). DDS is a central nervous disorder characterized by a wide variety of neurological symptoms that range from nausea and vomiting to even death due to cerebral edema. There are 2 main theories to explain its pathophysiology: the reverse urea effect, which considers that the shift of urea between brain intracellular space and plasma is not immediate, causing a higher concentration of urea within the brain and leading to cerebral edema. The second theory considers that after hemodialysis, patients have transient paradoxical metabolic acidosis within the central nervous system, displacing Na+ and K+ from organic anions, making them osmotically active and again leading to cerebral edema. The main goal is to prevent the occurrence of DDS, for which there are several proposed measures including continuous renal replacement therapies. Once established, treatment should be focused on supportive therapy. Another uncommon phenomenon described in patients who initiate hemodialysis is transient pulmonary leukocyte margination, which in conjunction with an inflammatory milieu, may lead to non‐cardiogenic pulmonary edema. We present the case of a young adult with severe uremia who, despite application of recommended measures, developed DDS and non‐cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
The interleukin‐10 promoter genotype predicts diastolic dysfunction in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: KIRKPANTUR Alper , KAHRAMAN Serkan , GENCTOY Gultekin , ALTUN Bulent , ABALI Gulcan , ARICI Mustafa , TURGAN Cetin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractInterleukin‐10 (IL‐10) predominantly acts as an anti‐inflammatory factor. Polymorphisms in the IL‐10 gene promoter determine quantitative cytokine production. Doppler echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) are superior to conventional echocardiography to evaluate diastolic dysfunction. The IL‐10 gene promoter polymorphism at position (−1082) was studied for its association with conventional and Doppler echocardiographic and TDI parameters in 112 hemodialysis (HD) patients. Blood pressure, serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), and albumin levels were also examined for the association study. The genetic association study showed that among the HD patients, there was no difference in the prevalence of systolic and diastolic dysfunction between genotypes on conventional echocardiography. However, using Doppler echocardiography and TDI, high producers for the IL‐10 −1082 promoter (−1082/GG) have higher E velocities, E/A values, lateral, and septal E′ velocities and a lower isovolumic ventricular relaxation time than low (−1082/AA) and intermediate producers (−1082/GA). Significantly higher levels of serum CRP levels and lower plasma albumin levels were found in low and intermediate producers for the IL‐10 −1082 promoter than high producers. The IL‐10 genotype may balance the effects of inflammatory cytokines on the myocardium and may be a determinant of LV function in HD patients.
Central chondrosarcoma progression is associated with pRb pathway alterations: CDK4 down‐regulation and p16 overexpression inhibit cell growth in vitro
Authors: Schrage Yvonne M. , Lam Suzanne , Jochemsen Aart G. , Cleton‐Jansen Anne‐Marie , Taminiau Antonie H.M. , Hogendoorn Pancras C.W. , Bovée Judith V.M.G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractChondrosarcomas are highly resistant to conventional radiation and chemotherapy, and surgical removal is the only option for curative treatment. Consequently, there is nothing to offer patients with inoperable tumours and metastatic disease. The aim of this study is to investigate genes involved in cell cycle control: CDK4, CDKN2A/p16, cyclin D1, p21, p53, MDM2 and c‐MYC, which may point towards new therapeutic strategies. The pRb pathway was targeted using CDKN2A/p16 overexpressing vectors and shRNA against CDK4 in chondrosarcoma cell lines OUMS27, SW1353, and CH2879. Cell survival and proliferation were assessed. CDK4, MDM2 and c‐MYC expression levels were investigated by qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 34 fresh frozen and 90 FFPE samples of enchondroma and chondrosarcoma patients. On a subset of 29 high‐grade chondrosarcomas IHC for cyclin D1, p21 and p53 was performed. The overexpression of CDKN2A/p16 and knockdown of CDK4 by shRNA in OUMS27, SW1353 and CH2879 resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability and proliferation and a decreased ability to form colonies in vitro. Expression of CDK4 and MDM2 was associated with high‐grade chondrosarcoma both at the mRNA and protein level. Combining these results with the expression of cyclin D1 and the previously shown loss of CDKN2A/p16 expression show that the majority (96%; 28/29) of high‐grade chondrosarcomas contain alterations in the pRb pathway. This suggests a role for the use of CDK4 inhibitors as a treatment of metastatic or inoperable high‐grade chondrosarcoma.
Assessment of embryonic myocardial cell differentiation using a dual fluorescent reporter system
Authors: McMullen Nichole M. , Zhang Feixiong , Pasumarthi Kishore B.S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRecent studies have identified the existence of undifferentiated myocardial cells during early embryonic as well as post‐natal stages of heart development. While primitive cells present in the precardiac mesoderm can differentiate into multiple cell types of the cardiovascular system, the developmental potential of undifferentiated cells identified in the ventricular myocardium after chamber formation is not well characterized. A deeper understanding of mechanisms regulating myocardial cell differentiation will provide further insights into the normal and pathological aspects of heart development. Here, we showed that Nkx2.5 positive and sarcomeric myosin negative cells were predominantly localized in the right ventricular myocardium of CD1 mice at E11.5 stage. We confirmed that myocardial regions negative for saromeric myosin were also devoid of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). These observations are consistent with our previous study, which showed that ANF expression is restricted to moderately differentiated and mature myocardial cells in E11.5 myocardium of C3H/FeJ mice. Further, we found that the receptor c‐Kit, a marker for early embryonic myocardial progenitor cells, is not expressed in the undifferentiated cells of the E11.5 myocardium. To monitor the differentiation potential of Nkx2.5+/ANF− cells in vitro, we developed a novel double fluorescent reporter system. Subsequently, we confirmed that the majority of Nkx2.5+/ANF− cells expressed mature myocyte markers such as sarcomeric myosin, MLC2V and alpha‐cardiac actin after 48 hrs in culture, albeit at lower levels compared to Nkx2.5+/ANF+ or Nkx2.5−/ANF+ cell populations. Our results suggest that fluorescent reporters under the control of lineage‐specific promoters can be used to study myocardial cell differentiation in response to various exogenous or pharmacological agents.
Successful treatment of a patient with lymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma with yttrium‐90‐ibritumomab tiuxetan
Authors: Zojer Niklas , Mirzaei Siroos , Ludwig Heinz 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma (LPHL) is known to be radiosensitive, and radiotherapy often forms part of the treatment of patients with stage III or IV LPHL. In addition, as LPHL is thought to arise from a germinal centre B‐cell, and LPHL cells express the B‐cell marker CD20 there is a rationale for using anti‐CD20 therapies for the treatment of LPHL. We report a 42‐yr‐old man with stage III B LPLH who underwent successful treatment of LPHL with 90Y‐ibritumomab tiuxetan. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of an anti‐CD20 radiolabeled antibody for the treatment of LPHL.
Prognostic significance of p53 and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 expression in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Pennanen Heli , Kuittinen Outi , Soini Ylermi , Turpeenniemi‐Hujanen Taina 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectives:  p53 mutations and high protein expression are associated with adverse prognosis in several lymphoma subtypes. Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) has also been found to correlate with poor survival in all lymphomas studied. The data concerning the clinical role of protein expression of p53 or gelatinases and their inhibitors in follicular lymphoma are rare. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic and clinical implications of the immunoreactive proteins p53, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1) and TIMP‐2 in follicular lymphoma.Methods:  The material consisted of 67 patients with primarily non‐transformed follicular lymphoma. Diagnostic lymph node tissue sections of patients were stained by immunohistochemical method using specific monoclonal antibodies.Results:  p53 over‐expression was detected in 8 (12%) out of 67 cases. p53 over‐expression correlated with high grade (P = 0.011), bulky tumour (P = 0.031) and forthcoming transformation (P = 0.001). It also correlated with poor overall (P = 0.001) and cause‐specific survival (P = 0.010) in multivariate analysis and had a strong inverse correlation with time to transformation (P < 0.001). MMP‐2, MMP‐9 and TIMP‐2 expression correlated with high grade. MMP‐9 positivity in centroblasts correlated with good chemotherapy response (P = 0.019), but it was not prognostic for survival. MMP‐2, TIMP‐1 or TIMP‐2 did not associate with survival, either.Conclusions:  In this study, p53 over‐expression predicted both transformation to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and poorer overall and cause‐specific survival of patients with follicular lymphoma. Expression of gelatinases or their inhibitors did not have any significant correlations with prognosis, although MMP‐9 predicted a good response to first‐line chemotherapy.
Effects of watering regime and depth of burial on seedling emergence of four dominant psammophytes in the Mu Us sandy land, Inner Mongolia, China, and relevance to revegetation of a desertified region
Authors: Zheng M.Q. , Zheng Y.R. , Zhou G.S. , Wu Y.Z. , An P. , Baskin C.C. , Baskin J.M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFour dominant psammophyte species are air‐seeded in attempts to revegetate the Mu Us sandy land in Inner Mongolia, but seedling emergence is low. This study sought to clarify the behaviour of seedling emergence under different water supply and sand burial regimes to improve the technology of air seeding. Seeds were buried in sand at depths of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 5 cm and supplied one time with 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30 or 40 mm of water or with 2.5 mm once every 3 days for 30 days. Our study showed that a 0.5‐cm burial depth and under 10‐ to 20‐mm single‐watering regimes resulted in highest seedling emergence percentage and rate of these four species. All emerged seedlings of Caragana korshinskii, Hedysarum laeve and Artemisia ordosica died under 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mm of watering, respectively, but seedling mortality was <50% when the single‐watering regime was >10 mm. In the field, germination of the four species increased from the top of the dune to the middle of the leeward side and then to the bottom. Based on precipitation pattern in the Mu Us sandy land, our study indicates that 0.5‐cm burial depth and a single‐watering regime of >7.5 mm is the threshold condition for seedling emergence.
DEVELOPMENT OF A ROTARY PULVERIZER FOR CASSAVA CAKE IN GARI PRODUCTION
Authors: SANNI L.A. , OGUNSINA B.S. , OLADIGBO C. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT The use of a raffia sieve for pulverizing and sifting cassava cake during gari processing is slow, unhygienic and hazardous. A rotary brush and screen mechanism was developed for the pulverization of cassava cake with a view to eliminate the above‐mentioned limitations of the existing methods. Machine performance was measured by comparing the product from the raffia sieve with that from a rotary sifter. The 5‐mm screen aperture gave a gari of about the same bulk density with that of the raffia sieve. Although the throughput of the rotary sifter using a 5‐mm sieve (227.71 kg/h) was lower than that of a 7‐mm sieve (350 kg/h), the uniformity coefficient of 1.72 using the 5‐mm sieve compared favorably with that of the raffia sieve. The pulverizing efficiency was higher (81.2%), with the 5‐mm sieve than with the 7‐mm sieve. The higher pulverizing efficiency of the machine reduces the drudgery associated with the pulverization of pressed cassava cake and improves productivity.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis research reduces the drudgery and hazard associated with the pulverization and sifting of cassava cake during gari processing in rural West Africa, where the bulk of the world's gari is being processed manually.
DETERMINING THE MOISTURE TRANSFER PARAMETERS DURING THE AIR‐DRYING OF MANGO SLICES USING BIOT–DINCER NUMBERS CORRELATION
Authors: CORZO OTONIEL , BRACHO NELSON , ALVAREZ CARLOS , RIVAS VIVIANA , ROJAS YARILIS 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT Application of the correlation between Biot (Bi) and Dincer numbers for determining the moisture transfer parameters during the air‐drying of mango slices at different maturity stages was investigated. The air‐drying was carried out at temperatures of 50, 60, 70 and 80C, and velocities of 1.80 or 1.91 m/s. The moisture diffusion coefficient, Bi number and moisture transfer coefficient ranged between 1.04 × 10−10 and 8.50 × 10−10 m2/s, between 0.100 and 0.112 and between 1.07 × 10−8 and 7.72 × 10−8 m/s, respectively. The predicted dimensionless moisture content profiles showed adequate agreement with the experimental observations, with the mean relative error between 8.72 and 15.02%.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSDrying is one of the most widely used unit operations in the industry. Because drying is an energy‐intensive operation, it has become the prime concern of the researchers to optimize process conditions, which leads to energy savings. Toward this goal, accurate determination of moisture transfer parameters for the drying operation is essential. There is a large amount of studies available in the literature to determine and calculate these parameters for the products subjected to drying. But, limited studies have been carried outto determine these parameters using the drying process parameters in terms of G and S as first introduced by Dincer and Dost.