bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial/ethnic group differences in treatment decision‐making and treatment received among older breast carcinoma patients
Authors: Maly Rose C. , Umezawa Yoshiko , Ratliff Carl T. , Leake Barbara 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDHealth care disparities have been identified in the treatment of older and racial/ethnic minority breast carcinoma patients. The purpose of the current study was to examine racial/ethnic group differences in the treatment decision‐making process of older breast carcinoma patients and the differential impact on treatment received.METHODSA cross‐sectional survey was conducted of a population‐based, consecutive sample identified by the Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program comprised of Latina (n = 99), African‐American (n = 66), and white (n = 92) women age ≥ 55 years (total n = 257) and who were between 3–9 months after their primary breast carcinoma diagnosis.RESULTSApproximately 49% of less acculturated Latinas and 18% of more acculturated Latinas indicated that their family members determined the final treatment decision, compared with less than 4% of African‐Americans and whites (P < 0.001). This disparity remained in multiple logistic regression analysis, controlling for potential confounders, including sociodemographic, physician–patient communication, social support, and health variables. Compared with African‐American and white women, Latina women were more likely to identify a family member as the final treatment decision‐maker (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] of 7.97; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.43–26.20, for less acculturated Latinas; and AOR of 4.48; 95% CI, 1.09–18.45, for more acculturated Latinas). A multiple logistic regression model, controlling for sociodemographic and health characteristics, indicated that patients were less likely to receive breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) when the family made the final treatment decision (AOR of 0.39; 95% CI, 0.18–0.85).CONCLUSIONSFamily appears to play a powerful role in treatment decision‐making among older Latina breast carcinoma patients, regardless of the level of acculturation. This family influence appears to contribute to racial/ethnic group differences in treatment received. Physicians should acknowledge and educate patients' family members as potential key participants in medical decision‐making, rather than merely as translators and providers of social support. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
The mental and written arithmetic abilities of adults with dyslexia
Authors: Simmons Fiona Rachel , Singleton Chris 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe abilities of 19 adult students with dyslexia and 19 students without dyslexia to recall number facts were compared. Despite being matched for estimated IQ, the dyslexic students were less accurate than the non‐dyslexic students when answering subtraction and multiplication questions. When the dyslexic students answered addition and subtraction questions correctly they did so more slowly than the non‐dyslexic students. It was concluded that dyslexic adults have greater difficulty recalling number facts than non‐dyslexic adults. No statistically significant correlations were found between the dyslexic students' performance on the tests of number fact recall and their performance on tests of auditory–verbal and visual–spatial memory. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resistant readers 8 months later: energizing the student's learning milieu by targeted counselling
Authors: Andreassen Anne Brit , Knivsberg Ann Mari , Niemi Pekka 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSeveral studies have reported that an alarming large subgroup of poor readers seems to be treatment resistant. This group obviously needs attention beyond standard special education instructions. In Norway, the National Centre for Reading Education and Research has been assigned the task of assisting the school psychological services nationwide in severe cases of reading disabilities. The aim of the present study of a clinical sample of students with severe dyslexia, due to phonological deficits, was to evaluate effects of counselling 8 months after a 2‐day assessment at the centre. Sixty‐five students, with a mean age of 12.3 years, participated. A thorough assessment of each student's strengths and problems was conducted at the centre. Additional information was obtained from the school psychological services, the teachers, and the parents. Diagnostic reports and proposals for remediation were forwarded to the school psychological services. Students', parents', and teachers' evaluation of the students' reading abilities 8 months after the assessment was retrieved for 75% of cases. Of these, 80% reported clear progress in the students' reading abilities. The progress could not be related to age, cognitive level, place of residence, or previous special education received, but instead to improved motivation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide induces regulatory T cells during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Fernandez‐Martin Amelia , Gonzalez‐Rey Elena , Chorny Alejo , Ganea Doina , Delgado Mario 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) control the immune response to a variety of antigens, including self‐antigens. Several models support the idea of the peripheral generation of CD4+CD25+ Treg from CD4+CD25– T cells. Little is known about the endogenous factors and mechanisms controlling the peripheral expansion of CD4+CD25+ Treg. In this study we report on the capacity of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), an immunosuppressive neuropeptide, to induce functional Treg in vivo during the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a multiple sclerosis model. The administration of VIP to EAE mice results in the expansion of the CD4+CD25+, Foxp3‐expressing T cells in the periphery and the nervous system, which inhibit encephalitogenic T cell activation. In addition to the increase in the number of CD4+CD25+ Treg, VIP induces more efficient suppressors on a per cell basis. The VIP‐generated CD4+CD25+ Treg transfer suppression and significantly ameliorate the progression of the disease.
Bone marrow‐derived cells expand memory CD8+ T cells in response to viral infections of the lung and skin
Authors: Belz Gabrielle T. , Wilson Nicholas S. , Smith Christopher M. , Mount Adele M. , Carbone Francis R. , Heath William R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWhile naive CD8+ T cells have been shown to require bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (DC) to initiate immunity, such a requirement for memory CD8+ T cells has had limited assessment. By generating bone marrow chimeras that express the appropriate antigen‐presenting molecules on either radiation‐sensitive bone marrow‐derived or radiation‐resistant non‐bone marrow‐derived compartments, we showed that both primary and secondary immune responses to influenza virus infection of the lung were initiated in the draining LN. This required cells of bone marrow origin, most likely DC, for optimal expansion within the secondary lymphoid compartment. This was similarly the case with HSV‐1 infection of the skin. As Langerhans cells are radioresistant, unlike other DC populations, these studies also demonstrate that the radiosensitive DC responsible for secondary expansion of HSV‐specific memory are not Langerhans cells.
Circumventing tolerance at the T cell or the antigen‐presenting cell surface: Antibodies that ligate CD40 and OX40 have different effects
Authors: Hochweller Kristin , Sweenie Claire H. , Anderton Stephen M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAn adjuvant can be defined as an agent that non‐specifically promotes the immune response to an accompanying antigen. Ligation of CD40 on the surface of the antigen‐presenting cell leads to upregulation of OX40 ligand which, in turn, ligates OX40 on the activated T cell resulting in prolonged T cell proliferation/survival, boosting the immune response. Thus agonistic anti‐CD40 and anti‐OX40 might be viewed as “adjuvant antibodies” and have been shown in diverse experimental systems to either boost immune responses or prevent the establishment of immunological tolerance. Here we describe that both these antibodies are able to prevent the induction of tolerance induced using soluble peptide antigen. However, unlike lipopolysaccharide, they are not sufficient to convert tolerance to immunity (i.e. they are not true adjuvants in this system). Using mice that are prone to either Th1 or Th2 immunity under identical immunization conditions, we show that the effects of anti‐OX40 are quantitative – boosting whichever response is dominant. In contrast, anti‐CD40 boosts Th1 immunity and converts a Th2 response to Th1. We conclude that, although these two antibodies seem to impact on the same molecular pathway of costimulation to prevent tolerance, their effects are qualitatively distinct and their use cannot be viewed as interchangeable.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Heteroditopic Macrocyclic System – Monometallic Nickel(II) and Uranyl Complexes and Their Corresponding Heterobimetallic Carbonylrhodium(I) Complexes
Authors: Bassetti Mauro , Calenne Andrea , Mastrofrancesco Lucilla , Salamone Michela , Bocelli Gabriele , Cantoni Andrea , Musatti Amos 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA novel heteroditopic macrocyclic ligand system for selective coordination of two different transition metal ions has been obtained in the form of monometallic salen complexes of NiII (LNi, 1) and uranyl (LUO2, 2). The system is characterized by the presence of a dianionic, tetradentate salen donor system (N2O2) derived from cis‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane and of a neutral, tridentate 2,6‐bis(alkylthiomethyl)pyridine group (NS2). The two binding sites are connected by two oxyethyl chains. The synthetic procedure involves the coupling of the disodium salt of 2,6‐bis(mercaptomethyl)pyridine with two equivalents of 3‐(2‐bromoethoxy)‐2‐(2‐propenyloxy)benzaldehyde. Removal of the protecting allyl groups from the reaction product (I) by palladium catalysis yields the ligand synthon 2,6‐bis[2‐(3‐formyl‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)oxyethyl]thiomethylpyridine (II). The monometallic macrocyclic complexes 1 and 2, obtained by metal‐templated synthesis from cis‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane, ligson II, and the corresponding NiII or uranyl acetate salts, respectively, in the presence of barium bis(trifluoroacetate), have been fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques in solution and by X‐ray diffraction analyses in the solid state. Both complexes react readily at room temperature with [Rh(CO)2Cl]2 in methanol to form the bimetallic cationic carbonyl complexes [LNiIIRh(CO)]PF6 (3) and [LUO2Rh(CO)]PF6 (4) upon addition of NH4PF6. Two conformers of complex 3 are observed in solution by IR and NMR spectroscopy, in a 5:1 ratio in [D2]dichloromethane, which exhibit a fluxional behavior and are shown to interconvert above room temperature in [D3]acetonitrile. The carbonylrhodium group in the bimetallic systems reacts further with methyl iodide in dichloromethane solution to form oxidative‐addition products. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Reactivity of the Pyrazolatopalladium(II) Complexes [Pd(dmpz)2(Hdmpz)2] and [Pd2(μ‐dmpz)2(dmpz)2(Hdmpz)2] towards Carboxylic Acids: Hydrogen Bonds as the Driving Force That Determines the Nature of the Final Products
Authors: Ara Irene , Forniés Juan , Lasheras Roberto , Martín Antonio , Sicilia Violeta 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe compound [Pd(Hdmpz)4](O2CCH2NHCOCH3)2 (1; (Hdmpz = 3,5‐dimethylpyrazole) has been obtained by treatment of [Pd(dmpz)2(Hdmpz)2] (A) with two equivalents of N‐acetylglycine (HO2CCH2NHCOCH3). The X‐ray study on a crystal of 1 revealed that the N‐acetylglycinate anion links to the cationic complex [Pd(Hdmpz)4]2+ through the carboxylate group by charge assisted N–H(+)···O(–) hydrogen bonds. Additionally, the remaining N–H and C=O groups allow the N‐acetylglycinate anions to self‐assemble through N–H···O hydrogen bonds to generate infinite chains. The compounds [Pd2(μ‐dmpz)2(O2CCH2NHCOCH3‐κO)2(Hdmpz)2] (2) and [Pd2(μ‐dmpz)2(O2CC6H4‐R‐κO)2(Hdmpz)2] [R = m‐NO2 (3a), p‐N(CH3)2 (3b), p‐NH2 (3c), p‐OCH3 (3d), p‐OH (3e)] have been obtained by treatment of [Pd2(μ‐dmpz)2(dmpz)2(Hdmpz)2] (B) with two equivalents of the monocarboxylic acids N‐acetylglycine (HO2CCH2NHCOCH3) and the benzoic derivatives HO2CC6H4R [R = m‐NO2, p‐N(CH3)2, p‐NH2, p‐OCH3, p‐OH] respectively. The X‐ray study on complexes 3d and 3e shows that in these complexes the carboxylate anion bonded to one Pd atom and the terminal Hdmpz group bonded to the other one have the right arrangement to establish an N–H···O hydrogen bond. The H···O and N···O distances are in the range of those corresponding to charge‐assisted N–H(+)···O(–) interactions. In complexes 3a–3e, the H atoms of the terminal Hdmpz groups can be replaced by Ag+ to give the mixed‐metal complexes [Pd2Ag2(μ‐dmpz)4(μ‐O2CC6H4‐R‐κO)2(Hdmpz)2] [R = m‐NO2 (4a), p‐N(CH3)2 (4b), p‐NH2 (4c), p‐OCH3 (4d), p‐OH (4e)]. Compounds 4a–4e, which exhibit a transoid conformation of the carboxylate groups with respect to the Pd···Pd line, isomerise to the cisoid species (4a′–4e′). The X‐ray structure of the DMSO adduct of 4d′ is also reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Price clustering in E‐mini and floor‐traded index futures
Authors: Chung Huimin , Chiang Shumei 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis article sets out to investigate price clustering in both the open‐outcry (floor‐traded) and electronically traded (E‐mini) index futures markets of the DJIA, S&P 500, and NASDAQ‐100 indices. The results show that although price clustering is ubiquitous in both the floor‐traded and E‐mini index futures markets, it nevertheless tends to be higher for open‐outcry index futures, with the clustering in floor‐traded NASDAQ‐100 index futures demonstrating the highest level (97%) at zero digits. A significant increase was also found in price clustering in floor‐traded index futures after the introduction of E‐mini futures trading. The results tend to suggest that those trading mechanisms that involve higher levels of human participation, such as the open‐outcry markets, may well lead to increased incidences of price clustering. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26: 269–295, 2006
Testing range estimators of historical volatility
Authors: Shu Jinghong , Zhang Jin E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis study investigates the relative performance of various historical volatility estimators that incorporate daily trading range: M. Parkinson (1980), M. Garman and M. Klass (1980), L. C. G. Rogers and S. E. Satchell (1991), and D. Yang and Q. Zhang (2000). It is found that the range estimators all perform very well when an asset price follows a continuous geometric Brownian motion. However, significant differences among various range estimators are detected if the asset return distribution involves an opening jump or a large drift. By adding microstructure noise to the Monte Carlo simulation, the finding of S. Alizadeh, M. W. Brandt, and F. X. Diebold (2002)—that range estimators are fairly robust toward microstructure effects—is confirmed. An empirical test with S&P 500 index return data shows that the variances estimated with range estimators are quite close to the daily integrated variance. The empirical results support the use of range estimators for actual market data. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26:297–313, 2006
AnN‐factor Gaussian model of oil futures prices
Authors: Cortazar Gonzalo , Naranjo Lorenzo 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis article studies the ability of an N‐factor Gaussian model to explain the stochastic behavior of oil futures prices when estimated with the use of all available price information, as opposed to traditional approaches of aggregating data for a set of maturities. A Kalman filter estimation procedure that allows for a time‐dependent number of daily observations is used to calibrate the model. When applied to all daily oil futures price transactions from 1992 to 2001, the model performs very well, requiring at least three factors to explain the term structure of futures prices, but four factors to fit the volatility term structure. The model also performs very well for daily copper futures transactions from 1992 to 2001 and for out‐of‐sample daily oil futures transactions from 2002 to 2004. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26:243–268, 2006
Study of recombinant human osteogenic protein‐1 expressed in prokaryocyte on the repair of extracted socket in rabbits
Authors: Liu Yi , Han Jin‐Xiang , Xiao Shui‐Qing , Wang Shi‐Li , Wang Min 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe study investigated the effect of recombinant human osteogenic protein‐1 (rhOP‐1) expressed in prokaryocyte, to promote the healing of alveolar socket. A model of rabbit extracted socket into which the composites of rhOP‐1 and gelatin sponge was immediately implanted was created and the osteoinduction of rhOP‐1 was assessed by histological method, quantitative measurement of calcium content and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The result of histology showed that bone healing in rhOP‐1 side is 4–6 weeks earlier than that of the control side. ALP activity and calcium content in rhOP‐1 side were significantly high compared with that of the control side. rhOP‐1 has a satisfactory osteoinduction ability to promote the healing of extracted socket. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
A new biodegradable polyester elastomer for cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Kang Yong , Yang Jian , Khan Sadiya , Anissian Lucas , Ameer Guillermo A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study is to assess whether a new biodegradable elastomer, poly(1,8‐octanediol citrate) (POC), would be a suitable material to engineer elastomeric scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Porous POC scaffolds were prepared via the salt‐leaching method and initially assessed for their ability to rapidly recover from compressive deformation (% recovery ratio). Controls consisted of scaffolds made from other materials commonly used in cartilage tissue engineering, including 2% agarose, 4% alginate, non woven poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) meshes, and non woven poly(L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) meshes. Articular chondrocytes from bovine knee were isolated and seeded onto porous disk‐shaped POC scaffolds, which were subsequently cultured in vitro for up to 28 days. POC scaffolds completely recover from compressive deformation, and the stress–strain curve is typical of an elastomer (recovery ratio > 98%). Agarose gel (2%) scaffolds broke during the compression test. The recovery ratio of 4% alginate gel scaffolds, PLLA, and PGA were 72, 85, and 88%, respectively. The Young's modulus of POC‐chondrocyte constructs and cell‐free POC scaffolds cultured for 28 days were 12.02 ± 2.26 kPa and 3.27 ± 0.72 kPa, respectively. After 28 days of culture, the recovery ratio of POC‐chondrocyte constructs and cell‐free POC scaffolds were 93% and 99%, respectively. The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen content at day 28 was 36% and 26% of that found in bovine knee cartilage explants. Histology/immunohistochemistry evaluations confirm that chondrocytes were able to attach to the pore walls within the scaffold, maintain cell phenotype, and form a cartilaginous tissue during the 28 days of culture. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Ammoximation of methyl ethyl ketone with H2O2 and ammonia over TS‐1
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Jie , Mi Zhentao 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe ammoximation of methyl ethyl ketone and hydrogen peroxide to form methyl ethyl ketoxime was studied over zeolites (TS‐1) in the temperature range 308–373 K. The reaction was carried out in a batch autoclave at autogenous pressure. The conversion of methyl ethyl ketone and the selectivity to methyl ethyl ketoxime can reach 99% and approximately 100%, respectively, and the by‐products were the small amounts of corresponding methyl ethyl ketazine and trace amounts of unidentified compounds. Important factors were the reaction temperature, solvents and slow addition of hydrogen peroxide. The molar ratio of NH3 to ketone had no significant effect on the conversion of methyl ethyl ketone, but increase in the ratio of NH3 to ketone had a beneficial effect on selectivity. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimal degradation of inhibitory wastewaters in a fed‐batch bioreactor
Authors: Moreno‐Andrade Iván , Buitrón Germán , Betancur Manuel J , Moreno Jaime A 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe application of a new control strategy to optimize the degradation rate of organic toxic compounds is presented. An optimal control strategy called event‐driven time optimal control was applied to biodegrade, in a discontinuous reactor, wastewater containing 4‐chlorophenol as an inhibitory compound model. The strategy estimates the oxygen mass uptake rate, which is linearly related to the substrate uptake rate, by measuring only the dissolved oxygen concentration and the volume of the reactor. Using this estimation, the optimal strategy sets the influent flow rate such that the substrate degradation rate is maintained around its maximal value as long as possible, thus minimizing the reaction time. The strategy was tested for the degradation of different influent concentrations of 4‐chlorophenol between 175 and 625 mg L−1. Also, the robustness of the strategy under different airflow rates was studied. It was concluded that the practical implementation of the optimal strategy was possible and very successful. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Treatment of Fenton‐refractory olive oil mill wastes by electrochemical oxidation with boron‐doped diamond anodes
Authors: Cañizares Pablo , Martínez Leopoldo , Paz Rubén , Sáez Cristina , Lobato Justo , Rodrigo Manuel A 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn this work, the electrochemical oxidation of an actual industrial waste with conductive diamond anodes has been studied. The wastewater is the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant consisting of a Fenton reactor followed by a settler and a sand filter, in which the wastes generated in an olive oil mill are treated. These wastes contain a residual chemical oxygen demand of nearly 700 mg dm−3 which cannot be further oxidized with the Fenton process. The electrolyses were carried out under galvanostatic conditions, using a bench‐scale plant equipped with a single‐compartment electrochemical flow cell. Boron‐doped diamond (BDD) and stainless steel (AISI 304) were use as anode and cathode of the cell, respectively. The complete mineralization of the waste was obtained with high current efficiencies limited only by mass transport processes. This confirms that besides the hydroxyl radical‐mediated oxidation that occurs in the Fenton process, the electrochemical oxidation with conductive diamond electrodes combines other important oxidation processes such as direct electro‐oxidation on the BDD surface and oxidation mediated by other electrochemically formed compounds generated in this electrode. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry