bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral Bicyclo[3.3.0]octa‐2,5‐dienes as Steering Ligands in Substrate‐Dependent Rhodium‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Enones
Authors: Helbig Sarah , Sauer Sven , Cramer Nicolai , Laschat Sabine , Baro Angelika , Frey Wolfgang 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of disubstituted chiral diene ligands (3aR,6aR)‐ and (3aS,6aS)‐10 with a pentalene backbone from the corresponding bicyclo[3.3.0]octa‐1,4‐diones 7 is described. The latter were accessible by enzymatic resolution of the racemic diol rac‐5 and subsequent Swern oxidation. The efficiency of the ligands 10 in the rhodium‐catalyzed 1,4‐addition of arylboronic acids 12 to cyclic and acyclic enones 11 and 15 could be demonstrated. In the case of cyclic enones 11 the enantiomeric diphenyldienes (3aR,6aR)‐ and (3aS,6aS)‐10a were more selective than the corresponding dibenzyldiene ligands 10b. When acyclic enones 15 were employed this result, however, reversed. Ligands 10a were nearly inactive whereas dibenzyldienes 10b afforded the addition products 16 with enantioselectivities up to 91 %.
Highly Efficient Ethylene/Cyclopentene Copolymerization with Exclusive 1,2‐Cyclopentene Incorporation by (Cyclopentadienyl)(ketimide)titanium(IV) Complex–MAO Catalysts
Authors: Liu Jingyu , Nomura Kotohiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe (cyclopentadienyl)(ketimide)titanium(IV) complex (t‐BuC5H4)TiCl2[N=C(t‐Bu)2] exhibited remarkable catalytic activities (1.99–3.16×104 kg polymer/mol Ti⋅h) with efficient cyclopentene incorporation in ethylene/cyclopentene copolymerization in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO). The polymerization took place with exclusive 1,2‐cyclopentene incorporation, affording high molecular weight (alternating) copolymers (cyclopentene<43.6 mol %) with uniform distributions. The effect of the cyclopentadienyl fragment (Cp′) in the copolymerization using Cp′TiCl2[N=C(t‐Bu)2] [Cp′=indenyl, t‐BuC5H4, C5Me5 (Cp*), C5H5 (Cp)] has been explored in the presence of MAO; the Cp′ plays an important key role in terms of both activity and efficient cyclopentene incorporation.
Heterogeneous association between engrailed‐2 and autism in the CPEA network
Authors: Brune Camille W. , Korvatska Elena , Allen‐Brady Kristina , Cook Edwin H. , Dawson Geraldine , Devlin Bernie , Estes Annette , Hennelly Meghann , Hyman Susan L. , McMahon William M. , Munson Jeffrey , Rodier Patricia M. , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Stodgell Christopher J. , Coon Hilary 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAutism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by an early onset of abnormal social, communicative, and repetitive behavior. Engrailed‐2 (EN2) was identified as an autism candidate gene because its influence on cerebellar development in mice parallels neurodevelopmental abnormalities seen in individuals with autism. Studies investigating association between markers at EN2 (chr7q36), a location associated with language disorders, and autism reveal mixed findings. Two positive reports revealed association with two intronic SNPs. Since the associated SNPs were in high linkage disequilibrium and shared similar minor allele frequencies, we chose to test whether one of the SNPs (rs1861972) was associated with autism in three recruiting sites from the NIH Collaborative Programs of Excellence in Autism (CPEA) network. A recessive model revealed significant association with broad autism spectrum disorder. Site specific analyses indicated differential allele transmission by site, despite similar ethnicity, and parental genotypes, suggesting the SNP may contribute to various risk haplotypes. No significant association with autism was found under an additive model for either a broad (autism spectrum disorder) or a narrow (autistic disorder) diagnostic group. Although our findings were not as robust as the previous studies, they suggest that rs1861972 may influence the risk for autism spectrum disorders. Future studies investigating EN2 should consider how the association of variants in this gene with autism could be influenced by differences in phenotype and possible interactions with genotypes at other autism candidate genes. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dopa decarboxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase gene variants in suicidal behavior
Authors: Giegling Ina , Moreno‐De‐Luca Daniel , Rujescu Dan , Schneider Barbara , Hartmann Annette M. , Schnabel Axel , Maurer Konrad , Möller Hans‐Jürgen , Serretti Alessandro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe dopaminergic system has been previously associated to behavioral facilitation and aggression, hence making the pathway a good candidate for suicidal behavior. We studied gene variants in the tyrosine hydroxylase (rs3842727, rs6356) and DOPA decarboxylase (rs1451371, rs1470750, rs998850) genes in a sample of 571 individuals consisting of 167 German suicide attempters (affective spectrum n = 107, schizophrenia spectrum n = 35, borderline personality disorder n = 25), 92 Caucasian individuals who committed suicide and 312 German control subjects. TH variants were not associated with suicide (uncorrected P = 0.023) and related traits. Some marginal associations could be observed for DDC with suicide, violence, anger, and aggression. In conclusion, our study does not support the involvement of TH gene variants as major contributors to suicide, whereas DDC variants could mediate some features related to suicide and be involved in violent suicidal behavior. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perceptions of discrimination among persons who have undergone predictive testing for Huntington's disease
Authors: Penziner Elizabeth , Williams Janet K. , Erwin Cheryl , Bombard Yvonne , Wallis Anne , Beglinger Leigh J. , Hayden Michael R. , Paulsen Jane S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPotential discrimination from genetic testing may undermine technological advances for health care. Researching long‐term consequences of testing for genetic conditions that may lead to discrimination is a public health priority. The consequences of genetic discrimination generate social, health, and economic burdens for society by diminishing opportunities for at‐risk individuals in a range of contexts. The current study objective was to investigate perceptions of genetic stigmatization and discrimination among persons who completed predictive testing for Huntington's disease (HD). Using semi‐structured interviews and computerized qualitative analysis, the perceptions of 15 presymptomatic persons with a positive gene test predicting HD were examined with regard to differential treatment following testing. The sample comprised 11 women and 4 men, mostly married (73%), aged between 22 and 62 years, with an average education of 14.6 years (SD ± 2.57) and residing in urban, rural and suburban settings of eight U.S. States. Participants reported perceptions of consequences following disclosure of genetic test results in three areas: employment, insurance, and social relationships. Although most employed participants (90%) revealed their test results to their employers, nearly all reported they would not disclose this information to future employers. Most (87%) participants disclosed test results to their physician, but a similar majority (83%) did not tell their genetic status to insurers. Most participants (87%) disclosed test results to family and peers; patterns of disclosure varied widely. Discrimination concerns remain high in this sample and point to the need for more information to determine the extent and scope of the problem. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No evidence for genetic association between DARPP‐32 (PP1R1B) polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Laurin Nancy , Ickowicz Abel , Pathare Tejaswee , Malone Molly , Tannock Rosemary , Schachar Russell , Kennedy James L. , Barr Cathy L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a strong genetic basis, and evidence from human and animal studies suggests that a dopamine system dysfunction plays a role in the disorder pathophysiology. Several genes involved in dopamine neurotransmission have shown replicated genetic association with ADHD. These include the dopamine receptors D4 (DRD4), D5 (DRD5), and the dopamine transporter (DAT1) genes. Recently, evidence has also accumulated in favor of the dopamine receptor D1 gene (DRD1). The dopamine‐ and cAMP‐regulated phosphoprotein of relative molecular mass of 32 kDa (DARPP‐32) is a key component of dopamine signaling, acting as a converging point for several neurotransmitter systems influencing dopaminergic neurons and regulating a wide variety of downstream effectors. Here, we tested the DARPP‐32 gene, PPP1R1B, for association with ADHD using four polymorphic markers selected across the gene in a sample of 255 ADHD families. We did not detect evidence of association of individual marker alleles and haplotype analysis did not reveal significant association in this sample of families. Moreover, we found no relationship between the same alleles or haplotypes and symptom scores of inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity in these families using a quantitative approach. In conclusion, albeit a key regulatory role in dopamine signaling, our data do not support a major contribution of the DARPP‐32 gene in ADHD. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is MYO9B the missing link between schizophrenia and celiac disease?
Authors: Jungerius Bart J. , Bakker Steven C. , Monsuur Alienke J. , Sinke Richard J. , Kahn Rene S. , Wijmenga Cisca 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThere has long been discussion on the correlation between schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases (especially celiac disease), which makes the recently discovered celiac disease risk factor, MYO9B, an attractive functional and positional candidate gene for schizophrenia. To test this hypothesis we compared allele frequencies of three MYO9B tag SNPs in 315 schizophrenia cases and 1,624 healthy controls in a genetic association study. Highly significant differences in allele frequencies between schizophrenia cases and healthy controls were observed for SNP rs2305767 in intron 14 of MYO9B (P = 1.16 × 10−4; OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.18–1.67). We demonstrate significant association of allelic variants in MYO9B with schizophrenia. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular genetic evidence for a correlation between autoimmune diseases and the risk of developing schizophrenia. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Defining key features of the broad autism phenotype: A comparison across parents of multiple‐ and single‐incidence autism families
Authors: Losh Molly , Childress Debra , Lam Kristen , Piven Joseph 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study examined the frequency of personality, language, and social‐behavioral characteristics believed to comprise the broad autism phenotype (BAP), across families differing in genetic liability to autism. We hypothesized that within this unique sample comprised of multiple‐incidence autism families (MIAF), single‐incidence autism families (SIAF), and control Down syndrome families (DWNS), a graded expression would be observed for the principal characteristics conferring genetic susceptibility to autism, in which such features would express most profoundly among parents from MIAFs, less strongly among SIAFs, and least of all among comparison parents from DWNS families, who should display population base rates. Analyses detected linear expression of traits in line with hypotheses, and further suggested differential intrafamilial expression across family types. In the vast majority of MIAFs both parents displayed BAP characteristics, whereas within SIAFs, it was equally likely that one, both, or neither parent show BAP features. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to etiologic mechanisms in autism and relevance to molecular genetic studies. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromosome 4q31‐34 panic disorder risk locus: Association of neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor variants
Authors: Domschke Katharina , Hohoff Christa , Jacob Christian , Maier Wolfgang , Fritze Jürgen , Bandelow Borwin , Krakowitzky Petra , Kästner Florian , Rothermundt Matthias , Arolt Volker , Deckert Jürgen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThere is strong evidence for a genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of panic disorder, with a recent linkage study pointing toward a risk locus on chromosome 4q31‐q34 [Kaabi et al., 2006]. Since the neuropeptide Y (NPY) system has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of anxiety and in particular panic disorder and the genes coding for NPY Y1, Y2, and Y5 receptors are located in the suggested risk region (4q31‐q32), variants in the NPY, NPY Y1, Y2, and Y5 genes were investigated for association with panic disorder in a sample of 230 German patients with panic disorder and matched healthy controls. A synonymous (Gly‐426‐Gly) NPY Y5 coding variant (rs11946004) as well as haplotypes including rs11946004 and an intronic NPY Y5 variant (rs11724320) were significantly associated with panic disorder (P = 0.027), with the effect originating from the subgroup of female patients (P = 0.030), particularly with concurrent agoraphobia (P = 0.002–0.019). No association was observed for any variants located in the genes coding for NPY, NPY Y1, or Y2. The present results provide preliminary support for an influence of NPY Y5 receptor variants on the etiology of panic disorder in a potentially gender‐specific manner further strengthening the evidence for a risk locus on chromosome 4q31‐q34 in anxiety disorders. However, in order to allow for conclusive evaluation of the present finding and to exclude a false positive result, further studies in larger, independent, preferably family based samples are warranted. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shifting forest composition and primate diets: a 13‐year comparison of the Tana River mangabey and its habitat
Authors: Wieczkowski Julie , Kinnaird Margaret 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe compared the feeding behavior of a group of Tana River mangabeys (Cercocebus galeritus), densities of 25 diet species, and fruit availability of nine species in a 16.25 ha Tana River forest in southeastern Kenya studied in 1988 and in 2000–2001. For both studies, we enumerated all reproductively sized individuals of the 25 diet species and sampled nine of those species monthly for fruit availability. Mangabey feeding data were collected monthly from January to December 1988 and August 2000 to July 2001 using identical methods. We found a 17% increase in stem number of the 25 species between studies. Estimates of fruit production were lower in 2000 for five of the nine species monitored. Species composition of the mangabey diets shifted between 1988 and 2000–2001. We suggest that changes in forest composition may be due to declining human disturbance, elephant loss, changes in the river's hydrologic regime, and the 1997/98 ENSO event. Possible reasons for lower fruit availability are a younger demographic profile of the forest and changes in the river's hydrological regime. Only some of the changes in the mangabey diet mirrored changes in stem abundance and/or fruit availability. Mangabey dietary changes underscore their high degree of flexibility that allows them to persist in such a dynamic forest habitat. Am. J. Primatol. 70:339–348, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Information seeking behavior of academic scientists
Authors: Hemminger Bradley M. , Lu Dihui , Vaughan K.T.L. , Adams Stephanie J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe information seeking behavior of academic scientists is being transformed by the availability of electronic resources for searching, retrieving, and reading scholarly materials. A census survey was conducted of academic science researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to capture their current information seeking behavior. Nine hundred two subjects (26%) completed responses to a 15‐minute Web‐based survey. The survey questions were designed to quantify the transition to electronic communications and how this affects different aspects of information seeking. Significant changes in information seeking behavior were found, including increased reliance on web based resources, fewer visits to the library, and almost entirely electronic communication of information. The results can guide libraries and other information service organizations as they adapt to meet the needs of today's information searchers. Simple descriptive statistics are reported for the individual questions. Additionally, analysis of results is broken out by basic science and medical science departments. The survey tool and protocol used in this study have been adopted for use in a nationwide survey of the information seeking behavior of academic scientists.
People search: Searching people sharing similar interests from the Web
Authors: Li Quanzhi , Wu Yi‐fang Brook 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOn the Web, there are limited ways of finding people sharing similar interests with a given person. The current methods are either ineffective or time consuming. In this paper, we present a new approach for searching people sharing similar interests from the Web. Given a person, to find similar people from the Web, there are two major research issues: person representation and matching persons. In this study, we propose a person representation method which uses a person's website to represent this person. Our design of matching process takes person representation into consideration to allow the same representation to be used when composing the query. Under this person representation method, the proposed algorithm integrates textual content and hyperlink information of all the pages belonging to a personal website to represent a person and match persons. Other algorithms are also explored and compared to the proposed algorithm. Experimental results are presented.
Heterotapes: A Persistent, Dual‐Synthon Hydrogen‐Bonding Motif
Authors: Turner David R. , Pek Sze Nee , Batten Stuart R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe small dinitrile anion carbamoyldicyanomethanide, [C(CN)2‐(CONH2)]− (cdm), reproducibly forms a hydrogen‐bonded tape containing two different supramolecular synthons: a “heterotape”. The tape incorporates both an amide dimer and a nitrile‐containing ring. The robustness of the motif is confirmed by its persistence from an isolated tape in a separated ion‐pair structure, [K(15c5)2](cdm)⋅ H2O, to its incorporation into coordination complexes of octahedral metals, thus facilitating the formation of 2D sheets. Complexes containing coligands that occupy the equatorial coordination sites, [Cu(2,2′‐py2NH)2(cdm)2]⋅ 2MeOH, [Ni(cyclam)(cdm)2], and [Cu(cyclam)(cdm)2]⋅2MeOH (cyclam=1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane, 2,2′‐py2NH=di(2‐pyridyl)amine), show retention of the heterotape motif, whilst the ethylene diamine complex [Cu‐(en)2(cdm)2] (en=ethylene diamine) displays an alternative hydrogen‐bonding motif due to interference from the diamine ligands.
Effects of tert–butyl acetate on maternal toxicity and embryo‐fetal development in Sprague‐Dawley rats
Authors: Yang Y.S. , Ahn T.H. , Lee J.C. , Moon C.J. , Kim S.H. , Park S.C. , Chung Y.H. , Kim H.Y. , Kim J.C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study investigated the potential adverse effects of tert‐butyl acetate (TBAc) on maternal toxicity and embryo‐fetal development after maternal exposure of pregnant rats from gestational days 6 through 19. TBAc was administered to pregnant rats by gavage at 0, 400, 800, and 1,600 mg/kg/day. All dams were subjected to a Caesarean section on day 20 of gestation, and their fetuses were examined for any morphological abnormalities. At 1,600 mg/kg, maternal toxicity manifested as increases in the incidence of clinical signs and death, lower body weight gain and food intake, increases in the weights of adrenal glands and liver, and a decrease in thymus weight. Developmental toxicity included a decrease in fetal weight, an increase in the incidence of skeletal variation, and a delay in fetal ossification. At 800 mg/kg, only a minimal developmental toxicity, including an increase in the incidence of skeletal variation and a delay in fetal ossification, were observed. In contrast, no adverse maternal or developmental effects were observed at 400 mg/kg. These results show that a 14‐day repeated oral dose of TBAc is embryotoxic at a maternally toxic dose (i.e., 1,600 mg/kg/day) and is minimally embryotoxic at a nonmaternally toxic dose (i.e., 800 mg/kg/day) in rats. However, no evidence for the teratogenicity of TBAc was noted in rats. It is concluded that the developmental findings observed in the present study are secondary effects to maternal toxicity. Under these experimental conditions, the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level of TBAc is considered to be 800 mg/kg/day for dams and 400 mg/kg/day for embryo‐fetal development. Birth Defects Res (Part B), 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Achieving R0 resection in the colorectum using endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Hurlstone D P , Atkinson R , Sanders D S , Thomson M , Cross S S , Brown S 
Published: October 2007

Abstract

Background
Endoscopic mucosal resection is established for the removal of non-invasive colorectal tumours smaller than 20 mm but is unsatisfactory for larger lesions. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) enables en bloc resection of lesions larger than 20 mm. A UK-based prospective feasibility study of ESD for colorectal tumours was undertaken; primary endpoints were R0 resection, safety and recurrence.

Methods
Patients with Paris 0-II adenomas or laterally spreading tumours (LSTs) greater than 20 mm in diameter were enrolled between November 2004 and August 2006. Lesions were assessed by chromoscopy and high-frequency ultrasonography. Dysplasia, resection status, 30-day complication rates and recurrence after ESD were recorded.

Results
ESD was performed in 42 of 56 identified patients; en bloc resection was possible in 33. Fourteen Paris 0-II lesions and 28 LSTs were identified; 40 were dysplastic adenomas and two adenocarcinomas. R0 resection was achieved in 31 patients (74 per cent). The 30-day mortality rate was 0 per cent. Perforation occurred in one patient and uncomplicated bleeding in five. The 6-month cure rate was 81 per cent (34 of 42 patients).

Conclusion
High cure rates are achievable using ESD for Paris 0-II adenomas and LSTs greater than 20 mm in diameter, with R0 resection possible in most patients. ESD is feasible throughout the colorectum with no increase in complication rates. It should be considered for selected Tim/T1 N0 colorectal lesions.
Variant anatomy of the cystic artery in adult Kenyans
Authors: Saidi Hassan , Karanja Tharao M. , Ogengo Julius A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractKnowledge of the variant vascular anatomy of the subhepatic region is important for hepatobiliary surgeons in limiting operative complications due to unexpected bleeding. The pattern of arterial blood supply of 102 gallbladders was studied by gross dissection. The cystic artery originated from the right hepatic artery in 92.2% of cases. The rest were aberrant and originated from the proper hepatic artery. Accessory arteries were observed to originate from proper hepatic artery (n = 5), left hepatic artery (n = 2), and right hepatic artery (n = 1). Most of the arteries approached the gallbladder in relation to the common hepatic duct (anterior 45.1%, posterior, 46.1%). The other vessels passed anterior to common bile duct (2.9%), posterior to common bile duct (3.9%), or were given off in Calot's triangle. Cystic arteries in this data set show wide variations in terms of relationship to the duct systems. In about one tenth of patients, an accessory cystic artery may need to be ligated or clipped during cholecystectomy. Clin. Anat. 20:943–945, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.