bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of the Carrier State in Pigeons Infected with
Salmonella enterica
Subspecies
enterica
Serovar Typhimurium PT99 by Treatment with Florfenicol: a Matter of Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Pasmans Frank , Baert Kris , Martel An , Bousquet-Melou Alain , Lanckriet Ruben , De Boever Sandra , Van Immerseel Filip , Eeckhaut Venessa , de Backer Patrick , Haesebrouck Freddy 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT

Paratyphoid caused by
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Typhimurium is the main bacterial disease in pigeons. The ability of
Salmonella
serovar Typhimurium to persist intracellularly inside pigeon macrophages results in the development of chronic carriers, which maintain the infection in the flock. In this study, the effect of drinking-water medication with florfenicol on
Salmonella
infection in pigeons was examined. The pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in pigeons revealed a relatively high volume of distribution of 2.02 liters/kg of body weight and maximum concentrations in plasma higher than the MICs for the
Salmonella
strain used (4 μg/ml) but quick clearance of florfenicol due to a short half-life of 1.73 h. Together with highly variable bioavailability and erratic drinking-water uptake, these parameters resulted in the inability to reach a steady-state concentration through the continuous administration of florfenicol in the drinking water. Florfenicol was capable of reducing only moderately the number of intracellular salmonellae in infected pigeon macrophages in vitro. Only at high extracellular concentrations (>16 μg/ml) was a more-than-10-fold reduction of the number of intracellular bacteria noticed. Florfenicol treatment of pigeons via the drinking water from 2 days after experimental inoculation with
Salmonella
serovar Typhimurium until euthanasia at 16 days postinoculation resulted in a reduction of
Salmonella
shedding and an improvement in the fecal consistency. However, internal organs in florfenicol-treated pigeons were significantly more heavily colonized than those in untreated pigeons. In conclusion, the oral application of florfenicol for the treatment of pigeon paratyphoid contributes to the development of carrier animals through sub-MIC concentrations in plasma that do not inhibit intracellular persistency.
Mechanisms of Resistance to Daptomycin in
Enterococcus faecium
Authors: Montero Clemente I. , Stock Frida , Murray Patrick R. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT

In this study, we investigated the clonal emergence of daptomycin-resistant
Enterococcus faecium
strains isolated from a patient with leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome. The resistance mechanism in these strains is independent of either equivalent point mutations previously described for
Staphylococcus aureus
or daptomycin inactivation mechanisms identified in soil bacteria.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Piperaquine after Two Different Treatment Regimens with Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine in Patients with
Plasmodium falciparum
Malaria in Thailand
Authors: Tarning J. , Ashley E. A. , Lindegardh N. , Stepniewska K. , Phaiphun L. , Day N. P. J. , McGready R. , Ashton M. , Nosten F. , White N. J. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT

The population pharmacokinetics of piperaquine in adults and children with uncomplicated
Plasmodium falciparum
malaria treated with two different dosage regimens of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine were characterized. Piperaquine pharmacokinetics in 98 Burmese and Karen patients aged 3 to 55 years were described by a two-compartment disposition model with first-order absorption and interindividual random variability on all parameters and were similar with the three- and four-dose regimens. Children had a lower body weight-normalized oral clearance than adults, resulting in longer terminal elimination half-lives and higher total exposure to piperaquine (area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 63 days [AUC
day 0-63
]). However, children had lower plasma concentrations in the therapeutically relevant posttreatment prophylactic period (AUC
day 3-20
) because of smaller body weight-normalized central volumes of distribution and shorter distribution half-lives. Our data lend further support to a simplified once-daily treatment regimen to improve treatment adherence and efficacy and indicate that weight-adjusted piperaquine doses in children may need to be higher than in adults.
Subacute Toxicity of Colistin Methanesulfonate in Rats: Comparison of Various Intravenous Dosage Regimens
Authors: Wallace Stephanie J. , Li Jian , Nation Roger L. , Rayner Craig R. , Taylor David , Middleton Deborah , Milne Robert W. , Coulthard Kingsley , Turnidge John D. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT
The relative nephro- and neurotoxicity of colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) was investigated with rats during 7 days of intravenous administration in regimens mimicking twice- and once-daily dosing of a clinically relevant dose for humans. Histological examination revealed more-severe renal lesions with the regimen corresponding to once-daily dosing, indicating that the potential for renal toxicity may be greater with extended-interval dosing.
In Vitro Activity of AR-709 against
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Jansen W. T. M. , Verel A. , Verhoef J. , Milatovic D. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT

We investigated the in vitro activity of AR-709, a novel diaminopyrimidine antibiotic currently in development for treatment of community-acquired upper and lower respiratory tract infections, against 151
Streptococcus pneumoniae
strains from various European countries. AR-709 showed excellent activity against both drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant pneumococci.
Activity of the Diaminopyrimidine AR-709 against Recently Collected Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Invasive
Streptococcus pneumoniae
from North America
Authors: Ressner Roseanne A. , Moore Matthew R. , Jorgensen James H. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT

Broth microdilution was used to determine the MICs of AR-709 and comparator antimicrobial agents for 224 invasive multidrug-resistant isolates of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
. AR-709 was highly active, with a MIC
50
of 0.25 μg/ml, a MIC
90
of 0.5 μg/ml, and a range of ≤0.008 μg/ml to 1 μg/ml.
Synergistic Effect of Calcineurin Inhibitors and Fluconazole against
Candida albicans
Biofilms
Authors: Uppuluri Priya , Nett Jeniel , Heitman Joseph , Andes David 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT

Calcineurin is a Ca
2+
-calmodulin-activated serine/threonine-specific protein phosphatase that governs multiple aspects of fungal physiology, including cation homeostasis, morphogenesis, antifungal drug susceptibility, and virulence. Growth of
Candida albicans
planktonic cells is sensitive to the calcineurin inhibitors FK506 and cyclosporine A (CsA) in combination with the azole antifungal fluconazole. This drug synergism is attributable to two effects: first, calcineurin inhibitors render fluconazole fungicidal rather than simply fungistatic, and second, membrane perturbation by azole inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis increases intracellular calcineurin inhibitor concentrations.
C. albicans
cells in biofilms are up to 1,000-fold more resistant to fluconazole than planktonic cells. In both in vitro experiments and in an in vivo rat catheter model,
C. albicans
cells in biofilms were resistant to individually delivered fluconazole or calcineurin inhibitors but exquisitely sensitive to the combination of FK506-fluconazole or CsA-fluconazole.
C. albicans
strains lacking FKBP12 or expressing a dominant FK506-resistant calcineurin mutant subunit (Cnb1-1) formed biofilms that were resistant to FK506-fluconazole but susceptible to CsA-fluconazole, demonstrating that drug synergism is mediated via direct calcineurin inhibition. These findings reveal that calcineurin contributes to fluconazole resistance of biofilms and provide evidence that synergistic drug combinations may prove efficacious as novel therapeutic interventions to treat or prevent biofilms.
Antimicrobial Activity of Omiganan Pentahydrochloride against Contemporary Fungal Pathogens Responsible for Catheter-Associated Infections
Authors: Fritsche Thomas R. , Rhomberg Paul R. , Sader Helio S. , Jones Ronald N. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT

Omiganan, a bactericidal and fungicidal cationic peptide being developed as a topical gel for prevention of catheter-associated infections, inhibited commonly occurring fungal pathogens including
Candida
spp. (106 isolates) at ≤256 μg/ml and molds (including 10
Aspergillus
isolates) at ≤1,024 μg/ml. All fungi were inhibited by omiganan at concentrations well below the 1% (10,000 μg/ml) clinical formulation, including species with reduced susceptibility to azoles and echinocandins.
From Coptic to Arabic in Medieval Egypt
Authors: Zaborowski Jason 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe question of when and where Egyptian Christians began to disuse the Coptic language and adopt Arabic remains a puzzle. The Apocalypse of Samuel of Qalamūn (ASQ) offers interesting hints about the process of language change by referring to the loss of Coptic in church functions. This paper argues that the ASQ represents Christians from the specific region of the Fayyūm and their struggle of identity maintenance that occurred after the Coptic language had generally fallen into disuse. Some scholars have speculated that the ASQ has a Coptic Vorlage, even though it is only extant in Arabic. This paper argues that the ASQ may have been originally an Arabic composition, perhaps written as late as the fourteenth century, as a means of connecting the Christian community to the Coptic language at a time when they were unable to access their tradition through Coptic-language texts.
Jews and Christians in Almoravid Seville as Portrayed by the Islamic Jurist Ibn cAbdūn
Authors: García-Sanjuán Alejandro 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis article examines the way in which Jews and Christians are portrayed in the hisba treatise by the Andalusian Islamic jurist from Seville, Ibn cAbdūn (12th century). The first part is devoted to describe his comments on these religious communities in connection with previous Islamic juridical tradition. The second one deals with the relationship between the theoretical and practical dimensions of the juridical information that he provides in regard to the influence of the Almoravid rule over the legal conditions of Jews and Christians. Finally, the article includes an appendix with the English translation of IbncAbdūn's references to Jews and Christians.
"As the Lord Lives and as Your Soul Lives": An Oath of Conscious Deference
Authors: Ziegler Yael 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe biblical oath has a particular formulation which juxtaposes it to a phrase containing the word and a reference to the party addressed. In my examination of this variant, I have attempted to demonstrate that this oath formula is a conscious expression of deference in a situation which necessitates this type of expression. Occasions in which an inferior party does not employ this formula may also be regarded as a deliberate flouting of the customary oath-formula, which should be understood as part of the message of the narrative. It may be concluded generally that oaths are carefully chosen and formulated to express central themes and ideas within the context of the narrative. By paying careful attention to oaths and their formulations, biblical passages can come into focus, revealing the rich subtext of the narrative.
The "Angel of YHWH" in Exod. xxiii 20-33 and Judg. ii 1-5. A Clue to the "Deuteronom(ist)ic" Puzzle?
Authors: Ausloos Hans 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWithin current research into the composition of the Pentateuch, the role of the takes an increasing role. As such, passages in which the occurs, are considered to be indicative of a (post-)Deuteronomistic redaction or edition. In this respect, Exod. xxiii 20-33 and Judg. ii 1-5 gain special attention. The present contribution firstly surveys the actual debate from the perspective of the relationship between both pericopes. Secondly, the function of the within the scope of Deuteronom(ist)ic literature will be dealt with. Finally, I will argue that the can be decisive with regard to the determination of the direction of dependency between both pericopes.
Knowledge Management in Research and Technology Organizations in a Globalized Era
Authors: Mrinalini  , Nath Pradosh 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
In the developing countries, research and technology organizations (RTOs) have a pivotal role to play in creating national innovation system (NIS). Due to a weak industrial and technological base and the competition induced by globalization of economies, these organizations assume the responsibility of initiating and establishing an innovation system by acting as an interface between R&D and production. RTOs envisage their role as a knowledge support system to the firms to enhance their competitive strength in the new knowledge-based economy. This paper focuses on the organizational efforts undertaken by the RTOs to transform themselves into knowledge generating and marketing organizations. The service, which RTOs provide today are based on their accumulated knowledge over the years. These organizational functions can be facilitated through various organizational processes and practices. Further, these very processes and practices have been analyzed to understand the effectiveness of RTO-client interaction, in terms of knowledge generation and delivery. The paper is based on an international study on “Benchmarking the Best Practices for Research and Technology Organizations,” coordinated by WAITRO.
Science and Technology in Undergraduate Students' Worldview, Shaped by Globalization: The Chilean Case
Authors: Parker Cristian 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThere may exist among the university students a true motivation toward science and technology, as these symbolize progress. On the contrary, their attachment to religious values does not discourage their motivation for science and technology. Their critical appreciation of the role of science and technology is related mostly to the ethical and ecological judgments and not to traditional values. The globalization process increasingly shapes this worldview of students. The main approach of this paper comes from a constructivist perspective of science and technology. The empirical data are based on a recent national survey conducted among a sample of students drawn from 25 main Chilean universities.
Malaysian Technological Elite: Specifics of a Knowledge Society in a Developing Country
Authors: Saloma-Akpedonu Czarina 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThere is a lack of understanding of the forms of knowledge and expertise in so-called developing societies such as Malaysia. This paper addresses this issue by suggesting a framework—based on Schutz and Luckmann's (1973) concept of social distribution of knowledge and Knorr Cetina's (1999) notion of epistemic communities—for examining the Malaysian automotive and information technology industries. These industries are central to Malaysia's agenda of becoming a knowledge society in the context of Vision 2020. Vital to these industries is a group of Malaysian professionals who possess knowledge and expertise: the “technological elite.” is group, the technological elite, includes, but is not limited to, engineers working for Proton, as well as professionals working in the Multimedia Super Corridor. Using professional biographies and narratives, this paper illuminates the context and culture of knowledge in Malaysia. Similarities in the principles that inform epistemic practices and relations within an “old” industry (i.e., automotive) and a “new” industry (i.e., ICT) call for the recognition of epistemic work characterized by the mixing of specialist knowledge with other forms of knowledge, and of localized knowledge in nascent epistemic communities with knowledge developed from an established tradition of technological practice.
IL-21 mediates apoptosis through up-regulation of the BH3 family member BIM and enhances both direct and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro
Authors: Gowda Aruna , Roda Julie , Hussain Syed-Rehan A. , Ramanunni Asha , Joshi Trupti , Schmidt Susan , Zhang Xiaoli , Lehman Amy , Jarjoura David , Carson William E. , Kindsvogel Wayne , Cheney Carolyn , Caligiuri Michael A. , Tridandapani Susheela , Muthusamy Natarajan , Byrd John C. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a recently identified γ-chain receptor cytokine family member that promotes B-cell apoptosis as well as activation of innate immune system. Based on this, we hypothesized that IL-21 might enhance the apoptosis induced by fludarabine and rituximab and also play a role in augmenting immune-mediated clearance of the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Our studies demonstrate that the majority of CLL patients have surface IL-21 receptor-α, and its expression correlates with apoptosis, tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1, and up-regulation of the proapoptotic BH3 domain protein BIM. IL-21–induced BIM up-regulation is critical for apoptosis because inhibition of BIM expression using small interfering RNA prevented IL-21–induced apoptosis. IL-21 treatment of CLL cells but not normal T cells with fludarabine or rituximab additively enhanced the direct cytotoxic effect of these therapies. In addition to its proapoptotic effect, IL-21 promoted STAT1 and STAT5 phosphorylation in natural killer cells with concurrent enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against rituximab-coated CLL cells in vitro. These data provide justification for combination studies of IL-21 with fludarabine and rituximab in CLL and suggest that BIM up-regulation might serve as relevant pharmacodynamic end point to measure biologic effect of this cytokine in vivo.
The effects of dasatinib on IgE receptor–dependent activation and histamine release in human basophils
Authors: Kneidinger Michael , Schmidt Uwe , Rix Uwe , Gleixner Karoline V. , Vales Anja , Baumgartner Christian , Lupinek Christian , Weghofer Margit , Bennett Keiryn L. , Herrmann Harald , Schebesta Alexandra , Thomas Wayne R. , Vrtala Susanne , Valenta Rudolf , Lee Francis Y. , Ellmeier Wilfried , Superti-Furga Giulio , Valent Peter 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDasatinib is a multitargeted drug that blocks several tyrosine kinases. Apart from its well-known antileukemic activity, the drug has attracted attention because of potential immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. We report that dasatinib at 1 μM completely blocks anti-IgE–induced histamine release in blood basophils in healthy donors, and allergen-induced release of histamine in sensitized individuals. In addition, dasatinib inhibited FcϵRI-mediated release of IL-4 and IgE-mediated up-regulation of CD13, CD63, CD164, and CD203c in basophils. The effects of dasatinib were dose-dependent (IC50: 50-500 nM) and specific for FcϵRI activation in that the drug failed to inhibit C5a-induced or Ca-ionophore–induced histamine release. Interestingly, at lower concentrations, dasatinib even promoted FcϵRI-dependent histamine release in basophils in allergic subjects. In consecutive studies, dasatinib was found to interact with and block several FcϵRI downstream targets in basophils, in-cluding Btk. Correspondingly, FcϵRI-mediated histamine secretion in basophils was markedly reduced in Btk knockout mice and in a patient with Btk deficiency. However, the remaining “low-level” mediator secretion in Btk-deficient cells was fully blocked down again by 1 μM dasatinib. Together, these data suggest that dasatinib inhibits FcϵRI-mediated activation of basophils through multiple signaling molecules including Btk. Dasatinib may be an interesting agent for immunologic disorders involving Btk-dependent responses or/and FcϵRI activation of basophils.
Clara cell adhesion and migration to extracellular matrix
Authors: Atkinson Jeffrey J , Adair-Kirk Tracy L , Kelley Diane G , deMello Daphne , Senior Robert M 
Published: January 2008

Abstract

Background
Clara cells are the epithelial progenitor cell of the small airways, a location known to be important in many lung disorders. Although migration of alveolar type II and bronchiolar ciliated epithelial cells has been examined, the migratory response of Clara cells has received little attention.

Methods
Using a modification of existing procedures for Clara cell isolation, we examined mouse Clara cells and a mouse Clara-like cell line (C22) for adhesion to and migration toward matrix substrate gradients, to establish the nature and integrin dependence of migration in Clara cells.

Results
We observed that Clara cells adhere preferentially to fibronectin (Fn) and type I collagen (Col I) similar to previous reports. Migration of Clara cells can be directed by a fixed gradient of matrix substrates (haptotaxis). Migration of the C22 cell line was similar to the Clara cells so integrin dependence of migration was evaluated with this cell line. As determined by competition with an RGD containing-peptide, migration of C22 cells toward Fn and laminin (Lm) 511 (formerly laminin 10) was significantly RGD integrin dependent, but migration toward Col I was RGD integrin independent, suggesting that Clara cells utilize different receptors for these different matrices.

Conclusion
Thus, Clara cells resemble alveolar type II and bronchiolar ciliated epithelial cells by showing integrin mediated pro-migratory changes to extracellular matrix components that are present in tissues after injury.
EST2uni: an open, parallel tool for automated EST analysis and database creation, with a data mining web interface and microarray expression data integration
Authors: Forment Javier , Gilabert Francisco , Robles Antonio , Conejero Vicente , Nuez Fernando , Blanca Jose M 
Published: January 2008

Abstract

Background
Expressed sequence tag (EST) collections are composed of a high number of single-pass, redundant, partial sequences, which need to be processed, clustered, and annotated to remove low-quality and vector regions, eliminate redundancy and sequencing errors, and provide biologically relevant information. In order to provide a suitable way of performing the different steps in the analysis of the ESTs, flexible computation pipelines adapted to the local needs of specific EST projects have to be developed. Furthermore, EST collections must be stored in highly structured relational databases available to researchers through user-friendly interfaces which allow efficient and complex data mining, thus offering maximum capabilities for their full exploitation.

Results
We have created EST2uni, an integrated, highly-configurable EST analysis pipeline and data mining software package that automates the pre-processing, clustering, annotation, database creation, and data mining of EST collections. The pipeline uses standard EST analysis tools and the software has a modular design to facilitate the addition of new analytical methods and their configuration. Currently implemented analyses include functional and structural annotation, SNP and microsatellite discovery, integration of previously known genetic marker data and gene expression results, and assistance in cDNA microarray design. It can be run in parallel in a PC cluster in order to reduce the time necessary for the analysis. It also creates a web site linked to the database, showing collection statistics, with complex query capabilities and tools for data mining and retrieval.

Conclusion
The software package presented here provides an efficient and complete bioinformatics tool for the management of EST collections which is very easy to adapt to the local needs of different EST projects. The code is freely available under the GPL license and can be obtained at http://bioinf.comav.upv.es/est2uni. This site also provides detailed instructions for installation and configuration of the software package. The code is under active development to incorporate new analyses, methods, and algorithms as they are released by the bioinformatics community.