bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INSULIN SECRETION OF THE ISOLATED PERFUSED PANCREAS OF THE CHINESE HAMSTER (CRICETULUS GRISEUS)
Authors: Gerhards E. , Rühl M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The insulin secretion pattern of the isolated perfused pancreas of the non-diabetic Chinese hamster after stimulation with glucose and tolbutamide is described. Stimulation with 100–800 mg glucose/100 ml leads to an increasing acute insulin secretion. The initial insulin peak reaches its maximum 2–3 min after the beginning of the stimulation with glucose. The amount of insulin initially secreted from the pancreas of fasted hamsters is larger than that of fed animals. The initial insulin peak is followed by a second short-term insulin release. The maximum of the second peak occurs approximately 10–15 min after the initial stimulation with glucose. With 100 mg glucose/100 ml the insulin secretion proceeds in a practically linear manner for a period of 140 min. With 200 and 400 mg glucose/100 ml the insulin secretion remains linear for approximately 80 min. With 200 mg glucose/100 ml about 10 000 μU insulin are secreted within 120 min, with 400 mg glucose/100 ml approximately 20 000 μU are secreted in the same period of time.
The insulin secretion is described following repeated short-term stimulation with 200 mg glucose/100 ml and increasing glucose concentrations up to 500 mg/100 ml for 5 min each. In perfusion studies with 400 mg glucose/100 ml and 8 mg puromycin/100 ml the amount of insulin secreted in 150 min is reduced by about 50%. The insulin secretion stimulated by 100 mg glucose/100 ml was greatly increased by 10 mg tolbutamide/100 ml. The insulin secretion pattern at a glucose concentration of 50 mg/100 ml is shown following repeated stimulation with 10 mg tolbutamide/100 ml alternating with tolbutamide-free resting phases of 10 min. The mechanism of insulin secretion following stimulation with glucose and β-cytotrophic antidiabetics is discussed. The isolated perfused pancreas of the Chinese hamster is suitable for the study of the dynamics of insulin secretion.
THE PROGESTERONE CONTENT OF THE FLUID AND THE ACTIVITY OF THE STEROID-3β-OL-DEHYDROGENASE WITHIN THE WALL OF THE OVARIAN FOLLICLES
Authors: Friedrich F. , Breitenecker G. , Salzer H. , Holzner J. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
During gynaecological operations, in which the removal of one or both ovaries was indicated, follicles at different stages of the menstrual cycle were punctured and aspirated. The progesterone content of the fluid was determined by gas-liquid-chromatography. The progesterone content of the fluid of tertiary follicles is between 9 and 1900 ng/ml, the average being 290 ng/ml, and shows similar values during the follicular, the preovulatory and the luteal phases. The progesterone content is much higher in the fluid of Graafian follicles. The values are between 2290 and 14 000 ng/ml which is 1000 to 10 000 times higher than the content of the plasma. The histochemical demonstration of the steroid-3β-ol-dehydrogenase within the granulosa cell layer of the Graafian follicles suggests that small amounts of progesterone are produced there even before ovulation.
HORMONE AND ENZYME ASSAYS IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Christensen Arne 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Simultaneous measurements of placental cystine-aminopeptidase ("plasma oxytocinase") (P-CAP) and total urinary oestrogens were performed in pregnancies complicated with essential hypertension, mild or severe preeclampsia.
Essential hypertension (n = 31): Neither the enzyme activity nor the urinary output of oestrogens were significantly reduced in these cases.
Mild pre-eclampsia (n = 59). In this group of patients a significant reduction of the 2 parameters was observed (P-CAP: P < 0.001; total oestrogens: 0.02 < P < 0.05). Expressed in per cent of the normal mean the P-CAP and and total urinary oestrogens were 71.0 and 83.2 per cent, respectively.
Severe pre-eclampsia (n = 41): A more marked reduction both in P-CAP (P < 0.001) and total urinary oestrogens (P < 0.001) was observed in this group. The percentage reduction from the normal mean of P-CAP and total urinary oestrogens was 46.0 and 35.2 per cent, respectively.
In the whole material (n = 131), including both essential hypertension and pre-eclampsia, secondarily retarded foetal growth was found in 39 pregnancies. The percentage reduction from the normal mean of both P-CAP and total prinary oestrogens in this group was 46.0 and 53.2 per cent, respectively.
In 12 cases with a low placental coefficient (placental weight: infant weight) the P-CAP was 41.7 per cent and the total urinary oestrogen excretion 74.6 per cent of the normal mean. When evaluating such cases, simultaneous measurements of P-CAP as a placental function test and the urinary output of oestrogens as a foeto-placental function test, might be beneficial.
In each of 4 cases of intra-uterine foetal death the P-CAP values were below 2.5 percentile of the normal pattern. The total urinary oestrogen levels, however, showed a more diffuse pattern and in 1 case the levels were within the normal range.
EFFECTS OF PROGESTERONE, OESTRADIOL AND/OR CLOMIPHENE ON LIVER GLYCOGEN AND BLOOD GLUCOSE IN INTACT AND ADRENALECTOMISED RATS DURING DELAYED IMPLANTATION
Authors: Sankaran M. S. , Prasad M. R. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Prolonged administration of progesterone alone caused significant changes in liver glycogen. Oestradiol-17β increased the liver glycogen 18 hours after the treatment. A single administration of clomiphene citrate on day 9 post-coitum (pc) inhibited the oestradiol or progesterone induced increase in hepatic glycogen. Bilateral adrenalectomy on day 3 pc abolished the changes in liver glycogen induced by progesterone, oestradiol and/or clomiphene.
Administration of progesterone, oestradiol or clomiphene caused a decrease in blood glucose levels in rats during delayed implantation. Although the effects of progesterone and oestradiol on blood glucose levels were abolished by adrenalectomy, clomiphene induced changes persisted in the adrenalectomised rats.
It is concluded that progesterone, oestradiol and/or clomiphene induced changes in liver glycogen are mediated through the adrenal glands. Changes in the blood glucose levels are discussed in relation to increased insulin level in the blood and also in relation to the increased glucocorticoid secretion following various treatments.
STEROID STUDIES IN A CASE OF OVARIAN HYPERLUTEINIZATION WITH VIRILISM IN TWO CONSECUTIVE PREGNANCIES
Authors: Bachmann R. , Gennser G. , Hökfelt B. , Nilsson K. O. , Sternby N. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Studies were performed in a woman, who developed virilism in 2 consecutive pregnancies, presumably on the basis of hyperluteinization of both ovaries but without any distinct luteoma. Both pregnancies were terminated by Casearean section. During the first pregnancy a very high concentration of testosterone in the peripheral plasma was found immediately before delivery. During the second pregnancy the patient was followed regularly with determinations of testosterone and androstenedione in the plasma as well as 17-ketosteroids, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, cortisol, pregnanetriol, pregnanediol and oestriol in the urine. The first 2 trimesters were characterized by a moderate increase in plasma testosterone and androstenedione and of urinary 17-ketosteroids. In the last trimester there was a marked increase in plasma androgens and urinary 17-ketosteroids, corresponding to clinical manifestations of virilism. Thus, at the end of the second pregnancy, the concentration of testosterone and androstenedione in the peripheral plasma was 10 times higher than the values found in normal pregnancy. Even higher values were found in ovarian vein blood and exceedingly high concentrations in ovarian cyst fluid. The administration of chorionic gonadotrophin between the 2 pregnancies resulted in an increase in plasma testosterone and androstenedione whereas menopausal gonadotrophin given in low dosage was without any significant effect.
THYROIDAL 131I TURNOVER IN ADULT MALE RATS AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF THE SAME DAY
Authors: Jolín T. , Tarín M. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male rats were fed a low iodine diet for 20 days. On the day of the experiment one group of animals was injected with 131I at 8 a.m., while another group received the tracer at 6 p. m. Subgroups of animals then were sacrificed at different intervals. The low iodine diet induced hypertrophy and a low iodine content in the thyroid, and decreased the plasma PBI levels. The values of thyroid radioiodine uptake, percentual distribution of 131I in thyroid hydrolysates, as well as the % plasma TCA precipitable 131I and PB131I, depended on whether the tracer was administered in the morning or in the afternoon, thus supporting the conclusion that the thyroidal 131I metabolism is highest during the period of darkness.
Moreover, experiments on normal rats have demonstrated that the renal clearance and excretion of urinary 131I and 127I is higher during the active than during the resting period. It is suggested that the diurnal change in thyroid activity may be induced by a relative body and thyroid iodide deficiency through an increase in the urinary loss of iodine.
DIABETOGENIC HORMONES (HUMAN CHORIOSOMATOMAMMOTROPHIN AND OVINE GROWTH HORMONE): ANTI-INSULIN ACTION IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Lostroh Ardis J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Three hormones were tested for effectiveness as diabetogenic, that is antiinsulin, agents: human choriosomatomammotrophin (HCS), ovine GH, and ovine prolactin. Female rats hypophysectomized at 28 days of age were used throughout the study. In a first series of experiments rats were injected once daily for a period of 10 days with HCS (100 μg), GH (10 or 100 μg) or prolactin (10 or 100 μg), each ± thyroxine (T4, 0.5 μg), and then challenged in a glucose tolerance test with glucose plus 0.03 units protamine zinc insulin (PZI) following a 6-h fast. Blood glucose levels (mg/100 ml) 50 min later were: saline control, 74; HCS, 98; prolactin, 85. No prior injections: fasting, 54; glucose only, 159. GH, 10 μg, was as effective as HCS; a higher dose, 100 μg, was no more effective than prolactin. T4 negated the anti-insulin effects of HCS and of GH. In a second series rats were pre-treated for a period of 22 days, beginning 14 days after hypophysectomy, and then injected with doses of PZI (0.4 units – 1.6 units/day) that induced convulsions in unprotected (saline and prolactin-treated) rats run concurrently. HCS (200 μg – 400 μg/day) staved off convulsions over the 10-day challenge period; HCS also stimulated growth of the thymus, markedly in combination with PZI and T4. Neither HCS nor PZI affected skeletal growth.
In summary, HCS affords protection in the hypophysectomized rat against insulin-induced hypoglycaemia without introducing complications associated with growth. The parent HCS molecule or an active fragment of the diabetogenic hormones, we suggest, should be tested in humans for usefulness in protecting brittle diabetic against insulin hypoglycaemia.
LIGHT SYNCHRONIZATION OF THE CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF PLASMA 11-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROIDS IN MAN
Authors: Osterman Per Olof 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The levels of plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroids were studied in 4 healthy subjects with a constant sleep-waking cycle and a constant activity schedule before and after experimental alteration of the dark-light cycle. The subjects slept in the dark from 10.30 p. m. to 6.30 a. m. During a control period of 10 days the subjects stayed in rooms which were well lighted after 6.30 a. m. During the following 10 days darkness was prolonged by 4 h until 10.30 a. m. Hourly blood samples were obtained from 2.30 to 11.30 a.m. on days 9 and 10 of each period. Following the period of prolonged darkness there was a shift in the rhythm of the plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroids. The secretion period in the morning started later than during the control period. Present data indicate that in man the dark-light transition is important for the synchronization of the circadian plasma cortisol rhythm in the morning.
RNA SYNTHESIS IN RAT LIVER AFTER CORTISOL TREATMENT: A POSSIBLE MITOCHONDRIAL-NUCLEAR RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Mansour A. Maher , Nass Sylvan 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Liver mitochondrial RNA synthesis (as measured by an RNA polymerase assay) in adrenalectomized ovariectomized rats increased (42 %) 1 h after injection of 0.5 mg cortisol/100 g b. wt. Nuclear RNA synthesis increased (130–171 %) 4 h after injection of 4 mg cortisol/100 g but did not increase after treatment with the lower dosage of cortisol after 4 h. There was no effect on the nuclei from either 0.5 or 4 mg cortisol after 1 h. If either ethidium bromide, rifampicin or actinomycin D were injected 10 min before the hormone injection, a complete inhibition of the hormonal action on mitochondrial RNA synthesis was found. On the other hand, nuclear RNA synthesis was partly inhibited if either ethidium bromide or rifampicin preceded the hormone injection. Actinomycin D inhibited nuclear RNA polymerase below the saline control level.
Assuming that ethidium bromide and rifampicin act specifically on mitochondrial RNA synthesis, it would appear that there is a mitochondrial component to the RNA synthesis measured in the nucleus after cortisol treatment.
EFFECTS OF GLUCOCORTICOID ON CONNECTIVE TISSUE OF AORTA AND SKIN IN RABBITS
Authors: Manthorpe R. , Helin G. , Kofod B. , Lorenzen I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male rabbits were injected daily for 14 days with prednisone 2 mg/kg. The content and metabolism of collagen and glycosaminoglycans, the content of RNA, DNA, fat and water and the 125I-albumin permeability were investigated in the skin and in the intima-media layer of the aorta. A saline injected group served as control. Since prednisone induced a decrease in body weight, a starvation group with a similar weight loss was included. Following injections of prednisone the protocollagen proline hydroxylase activity, 0.45 m NaCl soluble hydroxyproline, total hydroxyproline, dialysable 14C-hydroxyproline and non-dialysable 14C-hydroxyproline fractions were reduced in the skin. In the aorta, only the total 14C-hydroxyproline synthesis was decreased. Furthermore there was a decrease in 14C-proline incorporation and the alpha-amino nitrogen content in the skin as well as a decrease in the RNA content in the skin and the aorta.
It is concluded that prednisone acts mainly anti-anabolically on the metabolism of collagen and that this effect is part of a general inhibition of the protein synthesis. The sensitivity of the connective tissue of different organs to prednisone varies. Following prednisone treatment the 35S-sulphate incorporation into glycosaminoglycans was decreased in the skin as well as in aorta. However, this did neither affect the concentration nor the total amount of the different glycosaminoglycans – except for a decrease in chondroitin-4/6-sulphate in aorta. These findings probably indicate that prednisone inhibits the synthesis as well as the catabolism of the glycosaminoglycans. The skin and aorta reacted almost similarly. Prednisone raised the tissue to serum ratio of 125I-albumin. This may reflect changes in filtration and/or diffusion rates of albumin through the aortic endothelium and media.
Finally, a decrease in body weight following starvation influenced the metabolism of collagen somewhat similar to the effect of prednisone, whereas the effects on the glycosaminoglycans differed.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF FORMATION OF [3H]ALDOSTERONE MACROMOLECULE COMPLEXES IN THE FOETAL GUINEA PIG KIDNEY
Authors: Pasqualini Jorge R. , Sumida Charlotte , Gelly Chantal 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The mechanism of the formation of [3H] aldosterone macromolecule complexes in the cytosol and in the different nuclear extracts of the foetal kidney of the guinea pig was studied after incubation of the total cell, the purified nuclei and the partially extracted nuclei. The nuclear aldosterone macromolecule complexes of the 0.1 m Tris and 0.3 m NaCl extracts (soluble nuclear fractions) and those of the 1 m NaCl extract (chromatin) can be formed after the incubation of the purified nuclei. The addition of the cytosol fraction to the nucleus has no significant effect on the formation of the nuclear [3H] aldosterone macromolecule complexes of both the soluble fractions and the chromatin. Furthermore, the [3H] aldosterone complexes of the chromatin can be formed after extraction of the soluble nuclear fraction.
The present data suggest that at this period of gestation (30–50 days) one of the pathways in the formation of [3H] aldosterone macromolecule complexes in the nuclear fractions (0.1 m Tris, 0.3 m NaCl and 1 m NaCl) in the foetal guinea pig kidney could be through unbound aldosterone, independent of the cytosol macromolecule complexes. Another possible explanation is that due to the high concentration of endogenous aldosterone circulating in the foetal compartment, the cytosol receptor is already present inside the nucleus.
TESTOSTERONE AND OESTRADIOL IN DOGS WITH TESTICULAR TUMOURS
Authors: Comhaire F. , Mattheeuws D. , Vermeulen A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The mean peripheral plasma concentration of oestradiol was found to be increased in 3 dogs with Sertoli cell tumours and in 3 dogs with seminomas, whereas the plasma testosterone showed no difference as compared to a group of dogs without testicular neoplasia.
In two thirds of the cases the concentration of oestradiol in the spermatic venous blood draining the neoplastic testes was clearly higher than in the normal dogs. The testosterone concentration in the spermatic venous blood from the tumour bearing testes was lower than in the spermatic venous blood of the contralateral partner testes in the same dogs, though not different from the spermatic venous concentration in the control dogs.
There was no correlation between the presence or absence of signs of feminization and the peripheral or spermatic venous concentration of sex steroids.
It is concluded that not only Sertoli cell tumours, but also seminomas can secrete increased amounts of oestrogens. This is possibly due to the presence of a larger than normal mass of tissue capable of converting testosterone, or its precursors, to oestradiol.
LEVELS OF PLASMA GROWTH HORMONE IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Authors: Fahrer Martha , Gruñeiro Laura , Rivarola Marco , Bergadá César 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
HGH plasma levels were studied in 45 children with different types of cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart diseases with and without growth retardation. Median HGH levels in patients with normal height (Group I) were 5.2 ng/ml (range 0–50) and in patients with short stature (Group II) 7.2 ng/ml (range 0.6–50). No difference was found between these groups ("Z" = 1.33, P: non-significant). However on comparing the cyanotic and acyanotic patients regardless of the presence of growth retardation, HGH levels were significantly different (P < 0.01). The acyanotic group with an oxygen saturation of 94.4 % ± 1.7 (mean ± se) had HGH levels of 4.6 ± 0.7 ng/ml. The cyanotic group with an oxygen saturation of 69.5 % ± 4.4 had HGH levels of 23.3 ng/ml ± 3.5. An insulin test was performed in 5 patients with high HGH basal levels. Three showed an increase of HGH levels after insulin. In the other 2 patients the HGH levels remained high.
In conclusion growth hormone deficiency could be ruled out as a possible cause of growth retardation in children with congenital heart disease. It is suggested that hypoxia could induce HGH secretion. Tissue hypoxia and its effect on DNA metabolism could be a factor which regulates HGH production. Hypoxia could also stimulate anaerobic metabolism and the resultant metabolites bring about an increase in HGH release.
ISOLATION OF LH, FSH AND TSH FROM HUMAN PITUITARIES AFTER THE REMOVAL OF HGH
Authors: Torjesen P. A. , Sand T. , Norman N. , Trygstad O. , Foss I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Highly purified human LH, FSH and TSH were isolated from batches of 300 frozen pituitary glands (200 g) by pH, acetone and ethanol fractionation, Sephadex gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and CM-Sephadex, and preparative polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis.
Sodium dodecyl-sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used in order to check the purity, the identity and the molecular weight of the purified LH, FSH and TSH. This procedure showed that the hormone preparations consisted of two subunits with molecular weights of: LH: 21 300 and 17 900, FSH: 22 100 and 18 300 and TSH: 20 800 and 16 400.
The purity of the hormone preparations was also evaluated by analytical disc electrophoresis at pH 8.9.
The purified hormone preparations had radioimmunological activity as follows: LH: 20 000 IU/mg, FSH: 16 500 IU/mg and TSH: 5 IU/mg. All preparations had high biological potency.
WEIGHT GAIN AND [3H]THYMIDINE INCORPORATION IN ACCESSORY SEX GLANDS OF CASTRATED MALE RATS AFTER PHYSIOLOGICAL DOSES OF TESTOSTERONE
Authors: Tuohimaa P. , Söderström K.-O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
One month after castration male rats were injected daily with a physiological dose (2 × 50 μg) of testosterone for 10 days. At certain time intervals a pair of rats were injected with [3H]thymidine and killed one hour later. The accessory sex organs were weighed and processed for radioautography.
The ventral prostate, dorsal prostate, seminal vesicle and coagulating gland showed a 2.5–4 fold increase in weight during treatment for 10 days with testosterone, whereas the weight of the preputial gland remained unchanged.
The daily physiological dose of testosterone clearly increased the [3H] thymidine incorporation in all the accessory sex glands except the preputial gland where only a slight initial peak was observed. The labelling index showed a peak value 42–90 hours after the start of the testosterone treatment. After the peak the labelling index showed some fluctuation and then decreased to a steady state level, which was of the same magnitude as the control level in uncastrated rats. This study shows that the 42–90 hour peak in the labelling index is dose-dependent whereas the steady state labelling index is independent of the testosterone dose. The refractory time to the initial peak of the labelling index is also independent of the testosterone dose.
THE EFFECT OF A SINGLE NEONATAL SEX HORMONE INJECTION ON THE GROWTH OF THE RAT PELVIS
Authors: Hughes P. C. R. , Tanner J. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
On the 26th day post-copulation (p. c.) male rats were injected with 100 μg Hexoestrol® and females were injected with 1.25 mg testosterone propionate. The growth of the pelvis of these animals was then measured from radiographs taken longitudinally from 23 days p. c. until 140 days p.c.
Generally the effect of neonatal sex hormone injection was to diminish, but not abolish, the sex differences in pelvic size. The magnitude of the effect differed according to measurement and sex. Thus ilium length was diminished more in males than it was augmented in females, while ischial length and bi-acetabular width were only slightly diminished in males but considerably increased in females. The effects were greatest in bi-iliac width where both treated groups came to be exactly intermediate between normal males and females.