bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonography of the parathyroid glands as an aid in differentiation of acute and chronic renal failure in dogs
Authors: Reusch Claudia E. , Tomsa Kamil , Zimmer Cindy , Hoerauf Angelika , Nett Claudia , Unterer Stefan , Glaus Tony M. , Schlittner Elisabeth , Pospischil Andreas 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate whether determination of
parathyroid gland size by use of ultrasonography is
helpful in differentiating acute renal failure (ARF) from
chronic renal failure (CRF) in dogs.

Design—Prospective study.

Animals—20 dogs with renal failure in which serum
creatinine concentration was at least 5 times the
upper reference limit. Seven dogs had ARF, and 13
dogs had CRF. Twenty-three healthy dogs were used
as controls.

Procedure—Dogs were positioned in dorsal recumbency
for ultrasonographic examination of the ventral
portion of the neck, A 10-MHz linear-array high-resolution
transducer was used. The size of the parathyroid
gland was determined by measuring the maximal
length of the gland on the screen when it was imaged
in longitudinal section. For comparison among
groups, the longest linear dimension of any of the
parathyroid glands of each dog was used.

Results—Size of the parathyroid glands in the control
dogs varied from 2.0 to 4.6 mm (median, 3.3 mm). In the
dogs with ARF, gland size ranged from 2.4 to 4.0 mm
(median, 2.7), which was not significantly different from
controls. In dogs with CRF, the glands were more distinctly
demarcated from the surrounding thyroid tissue,
than those of controls and dogs with ARF. Sizes ranged
from 3.9 to 8.1 mm (median, 5.7 mm), which was significantly
larger, compared with controls and dogs with
ARF.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—In dogs with
severe azotemia, ultrasonographic examination of the
parathyroid glands was helpful in differentiating ARF
from CRF. Size of the parathyroid glands appeared to
be related to body weight. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2000;217:1849–1852)
Prevalence of American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) among dogs in Oklahoma
Authors: Bradley Kristy K. , Bergman Douglas K. , Woods J. Paul , Crutcher James M. , Kirchhoff Louis V. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the prevalence ofTrypanosoma cruziinfection among dogs in Oklahoma.Design—Cross-sectional study.Animals—301 owned or impounded dogs related by ownership or general geographic location to 3 dogs determined to have trypanosomiasis.Procedure—Blood samples were obtained from dogs between November 1996 and September 1997. Infection status was determined by use of a radioimmunoprecipitation assay. Second blood samples were obtained from some of the seropositive dogs for study by hemoculture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Sites where infected dogs were found were inspected for triatomine insects, and light traps were used for vector trapping.Results—11(3.6%) dogs were seropositive forT cruziinfection. Ten of the 11 were owned rural hunting dogs. Protozoal organisms isolated from the blood of 1 seropositive dog were identified asT cruziby PCR testing. Only 1 adultTriatoma sanguisugaiwas captured in a light trap at a site near infected dogs; this insect was not infected.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Our findings suggest thatT cruziis enzootic in eastern Oklahoma. Measures that would reduce the risk of dogs acquiringT cruziinfection are unlikely to be acceptable to their owners, and no effective drugs are available for treatment. The presence ofT cruzi-infected dogs poses a threat of transmission to persons at risk of exposure to contaminated blood. Veterinarians who practice in the southern United States should be cognizant of this blood borne zoonosis and educate all personnel about appropriate precautions. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1853–1857)
Animal bite epidemiology and surveillance for rabies postexposure prophylaxis
Authors: Moore Dale A. , Sischo William M. , Hunter Allison , Miles Toni 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To understand the epidemiology of animal bites and exposure, evaluate the animal exposure reporting system for surveillance of rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), and identify opportunities to reduce PEP.Design—Period prevalence survey.Study Population—Pennsylvania residents in 1995.Procedure—Data from animal bite reports from Pennsylvania county health offices were summarized for 1995. Animal bite incidences for the state, counties, various age groups, and various population densities were calculated. Animal species, treatment, location of wounds, and PEP recommendations were evaluated for exposures.Results—More than 16,000 animal-related potential rabies exposures were reported from 65 of 67 counties in Pennsylvania. The highest incidence was in children less than 5 years old (324/100,000). Of the 75% of victims requiring wound treatment, 50% received antimicrobials, 29% received a tetanus toxoid, and 19% had wounds sutured, were admitted to hospitals, or were referred for plastic surgery. Although 75% of exposures were to dogs, victims exposed to cats were 6 times as likely to receive PEP (relative risk, 6.1; 95% confidence interval, 5.1 to 7.4). Thirty percent of 556 PEP were given for exposures to dogs, 44% for cats, 7% for raccoons, 4% for bats, 2.5% for squirrels, 2.1% for groundhogs, 2% for foxes, and 8% for exposures to other species. Fifty-nine percent of owned dogs were up-to-date on rabies vaccinations compared with 41% of owned cats.Conclusion—Interventions, such as dog bite prevention education, vaccination of pets against rabies, appropriate use of PEP, and reduction of feral cat populations, should be instituted, enhanced, or better enforced in communities. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:190–194)
Viremia, virus shedding, and antibody response during natural avian polyomavirus infection in parrots
Authors: Phalen David N. , Radabaugh C. Steven , Dahlhausen Robert D. , Styles Darrel K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine rapidity of spread and onset and duration of viremia, virus shedding, and antibody production in parrots naturally infected with avian polyomavirus (APV).Design—Case series.Animals—92 parrots in 2 aviaries.Procedure—Blood samples were obtained from parrots naturally exposed to APV during a 3- to 4-month period for determination of serum virus neutralizing antibody and detection of viral DNA. Nestlings from the next year's hatch were monitored for APV infection.Results—The first indication of inapparent infection was viremia, which developed simultaneously with or was followed within 1 week by cloacal virus shedding and antibody production. Cloacal virus shedding continued after viremia ceased. During viremia, viral DNA was detected continuously in blood samples. Viral DNA was detected in serial cloacal swab specimens in most birds, but it was detected inconsistently in 6 birds and not detected in 3 birds, even though these birds were viremic. Duration of cloacal virus shedding was ≤ 4.5 months. In 1 aviary, prevalence of infection was 88% and dissemination of virus through the 3-room building required 4.5 months. In the second aviary, a single-room nursery, prevalence of infection was ≥ 90%. For all affected birds, infection could be detected 18 days after the first death.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—If a single sampling is used for polymerase chain reaction detection of viral DNA, blood and cloacal swab specimens are required. In nestling nonbudgerigar parrots, cloacal virus shedding may persist for 4.5 months. Management protocols alone are sufficient to prevent introduction of APV into a nursery. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:32–36)
Reliability of history and physical examination findings for assessing control of glycemia in dogs with diabetes mellitus: 53 cases (1995–1998)
Authors: Briggs Carolyn E. , Nelson Richard W. , Feldman Edward C. , Elliott Denise A. , Neal Larry A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the reliability of history and physical examination findings for assessing control of glycemia in insulin-treated diabetic dogs.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—53 insulin-treated dogs with diabetes mellitus.Procedure—Medical records of insulin-treated diabetic dogs from June 1995 to June 1998 were reviewed, and information on owner perception of their dog's response to insulin treatment, physical examination findings, body weight, insulin dosage, and concentrations of food-withheld (ie, fasting) blood glucose (FBG), mean blood glucose (MBG) during an 8-hour period, blood glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb), and serum fructosamine was obtained. Owner's perception of their dog's response to insulin treatment, physical examination findings, and changes in body weight were used to classify control of glycemia as good or poor for each dog. The FBG, MBG/8 h, blood GHb, and serum fructosamine concentrations were compared between well-controlled and poorly controlled insulin-treated diabetic dogs.Results—Presence or absence of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, lethargy, and weakness were most helpful in classifying control of glycemia. Mean FBG and MBG/8 h concentrations, blood GHb concentrations, and serum fructosamine concentrations were significantly decreased in 25 well-controlled diabetic dogs, compared with 28 poorly controlled diabetic dogs. Most well-controlled diabetic dogs had concentrations of FBG between 100 and 300 mg/dl, MBG/8 h ≤ 250 mg/dl, blood GHb ≤ 7.5%, and serum fructosamine ≤ 525 µmol/L, whereas most poorly controlled diabetic dogs had results that were greater than these values.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Reliance on history, physical examination findings, and changes in body weight are effective for initially assessing control of glycemia in insulin-treated diabetic dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:48–53)
Effect of dietary protein content and tryptophan supplementation on dominance aggression, territorial aggression, and hyperactivity in dogs
Authors: DeNapoli Jean S. , Dodman Nicholas H. , Shuster Louis , Rand William M. , Gross Kathy L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effect of high- and lowprotein diets with or without tryptophan supplementation on behavior of dogs with dominance aggression, territorial aggression, and hyperactivity.Design—Prospective crossover study.Animals—11 dogs with dominance aggression, 11 dogs with territorial aggression, and 11 dogs with hyperactivity.Procedure—In each group, 4 diets were fed for 1 week each in random order with a transition period of not < 3 days between each diet. Two diets had low protein content (approximately 18%), and 2 diets had high protein content (approximately 30%). Two of the diets (1 low-protein and 1 high-protein) were supplemented with tryptophan. Owners scored their dog's behavior daily by use of customized behavioral score sheets. Mean weekly values of 5 behavioral measures and serum concentrations of serotonin and tryptophan were determined at the end of each dietary period.Results—For dominance aggression, behavioral scores were highest in dogs fed unsupplemented high-protein rations. Tryptophan-supplemented low-protein diets were associated with significantly lower behavioral scores than low-protein diets without tryptophan supplements.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—For dogs with dominance aggression, the addition of tryptophan to high-protein diets or change to a low-protein diet may reduce aggression. For dogs with territorial aggression, tryptophan supplementation of a low-protein diet may be helpful in reducing aggression. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:504–508)
Cardiorespiratory responses and plasma cortisol concentrations in dogs treated with medetomidine before undergoing ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Ko Jeff C. H. , Mandsager Ronald E. , Lange Douglas N. , Fox Steven M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate effects of medetomidine on anesthetic dose requirements, cardiorespiratory variables, plasma cortisol concentrations, and behavioral pain scores in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.Design—Randomized, prospective study.Animals—12 healthy Walker-type hound dogs.Procedure—Dogs received medetomidine (40 µg/kg [18.2 µg/lb] of body weight, IM; n = 6) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (1 ml, IM; 6) prior to anesthesia induction with thiopental; thiopental dose needed for endotracheal intubation was compared between groups. Ovariohysterectomy was performed during halothane anesthesia. Blood samples were obtained at various times before drug administration until 300 minutes after extubation. Various physiologic measurements and end-tidal halothane concentrations were recorded.Results—In medetomidine-treated dogs, heart rate was significantly lower than in controls, and blood pressure did not change significantly from baseline. Plasma cortisol concentrations did not increase significantly until 60 minutes after extubation in medetomidine-treated dogs, whereas values in control dogs were increased from time of surgery until the end of the recording period. Control dogs had higher pain scores than treated dogs from extubation until the end of the recording period.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Administration of medetomidine reduced dose requirements for thiopental and halothane and provided postoperative analgesia up to 90 minutes after extubation. Dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy by use of thiopental induction and halothane anesthesia benefit from analgesia induced by medetomidine administered prior to anesthesia induction. Additional analgesia is appropriate 60 minutes after extubation. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:509–514)
Association between patient-related factors and risk of calcium oxalate and magnesium ammonium phosphate urolithiasis in cats
Authors: Lekcharoensuk Chalermpol , Lulich Jody P. , Osborne Carl A. , Koehler Lori A. , Urlich Lisa K. , Carpenter Kathleen A. , Swanson Laurie L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether breed, age, sex, or reproductive status (ie, neutered versus sexually intact) was associated with the apparent increase in prevalence of calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths and the decrease in prevalence of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) uroliths in cats over time.Design—Case-control study.Animals—Case cats consisted of cats with CaOx (n = 7,895) or MAP (7,334) uroliths evaluated at the Minnesota Urolith Center between 1981 and 1997. Control cats consisted of cats without urinary tract disease admitted to veterinary teaching hospitals in the United States and Canada during the same period (150,482).Procedure—Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed.Results—British Shorthair, Exotic Shorthair, Foreign Shorthair, Havana Brown, Himalayan, Persian, Ragdoll, and Scottish Fold cats had an increased risk of developing CaOx uroliths, as did male cats and neutered cats. Chartreux, domestic shorthair, Foreign Shorthair, Himalayan, Oriental Shorthair, and Ragdoll cats had an increased risk of developing MAP uroliths, as did female cats and neutered cats. Cats with CaOx uroliths were significantly older than cats with MAP uroliths.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that changes in breed, age, sex, or reproductive status did not contribute to the apparent reciprocal relationship between prevalences of CaOx and MAP uroliths in cats during a 17-year period. However, cats of particular breeds, ages, sex, and reproductive status had an increased risk of developing CaOx and MAP uroliths. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:520–525)
Association between measures of milk quality and risk of violative antimicrobial residues in grade-A raw milk
Authors: Saville William J. A. , Wittum Thomas E. , Smith K. Larry 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether bulk-tank standard plate counts or plate loop counts and bulk-tank somatic cell counts (SCC) were associated with detection of violative antimicrobial residues in milk from dairy cattle.Design—Longitudinal study.Procedure—Information for 1994 through 1997 was obtained from a large milk marketing cooperative that operated in multiple states throughout the northeastern and midwestern United States (16,831 herd-years of information from 6,546 farms) and from the Ohio Department of Agriculture Grade-A Milk Certification Program (12,042 herd-years of information from 4,022 farms). Data were analyzed by use of multivariate logistic regression.Results—For both data sets, odds that a violative antibiotic residue would be detected increased as mean SCC for the herd-year increased. Standard plate counts and plate loop counts were not associated with odds that a violative antibiotic residue would be detected.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study suggested that the odds that a violative antibiotic residue would be found in bulk-tank milk increased as mean SCC for the herd-year increased. This suggests that management practices that would be expected to influence SCC may also influence the risk of antibiotic residue violations. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:541–545)
Treatment of supraspinous bursitis by use of debridement in standing horses: 10 cases (1968–1999)
Authors: Hawkins Jan F. , Fessler John F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate efficacy of debridement for treatment of supraspinous bursitis in horses and to evaluate the outcome.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—10 horses with clinical signs of supraspinous bursitis.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed for signalment, anamnesis, results of physical and radiographic examination, microbial culture results of supraspinous bursa tissue or exudate,Brucella abortustiters, type of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory therapies, surgical technique, complications of the surgical procedure, and findings on histologic examination of excised nuchal ligament and bursal tissue. Telephone follow-up with owners, trainers, or referring veterinarians was performed.Results—The described surgical technique was effective in resolving drainage from the supraspinous bursal region in 5 of 6 horses available for long-term follow-up. The most common complication following surgery was the development of purulent wound drainage. Two horses required multiple surgeries to resolve clinical signs of supraspinous bursitis. The most common organism isolated from the supraspinous bursa was β- hemolyticStreptococcusspp. All horses were discharged from the hospital and long-term follow-up was available for 6 horses. All 6 horses could be used for their intended use.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Debridement in standing horses is an effective method of resolving clinical signs of supraspinous bursitis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:74–78)
Efficacy of protamine zinc insulin for treatment of diabetes mellitus in cats
Authors: Nelson Richard W. , Lynn Randy C. , Wagner-Mann Colette C. , Michels Gina M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate effects of protamine zinc insulin (PZI) on control of glycemia in cats with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus or poorly controlled diabetes.Design—Clinical trial.Animals—67 diabetic cats.Procedure—34 cats with newly diagnosed diabetes and 33 cats with poorly controlled diabetes were treated with PZI twice daily for 45 days. Control of glycemia was assessed on days 7, 14, 30, and 45 by evaluation of clinical response, change in body weight, serum fructosamine concentration, blood glucose concentration measured 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 hours after administration of PZI, lowest blood glucose concentration, and mean blood glucose concentration during the 9-hour period after administration. Adjustments in dosage of PZI were made as needed to attain control of glycemia.Results—For all cats, a significant increase in mean dosage of PZI and significant decreases in 9-hour mean blood glucose concentration, lowest mean blood glucose concentration, and mean serum fructosamine concentration were detected. For cats with poorly controlled diabetes, 9-hour mean blood glucose concentration and mean serum fructosamine concentration were significantly decreased on day 45, compared with day 0. Ninety percent of owners reported improvement or resolution of clinical signs by day 45.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that PZI was effective for control of glycemia in cats with newly diagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes and may be used as an initial treatment or as an alternative treatment in cats that do not respond to treatment with other types of insulin. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:38–42)
Attitudes of owners regarding tendonectomy and onychectomy in cats
Authors: Yeon Seong C. , Flanders James A. , Scarlett Janet M. , Ayers Stacey , Houpt Katherine A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare the incidence of behavior problems following tendonectomy or onychectomy in cats, as well as attitudes of owners following these procedures.Design—Nonrandomized clinical trial.Animals—18 cats that underwent tendonectomy and 39 cats that underwent onychectomy.Procedure—Owners of cats that underwent tendonectomy or onychectomy between February 1993 and May 1998 were contacted by telephone and asked several questions regarding reasons for surgery as well as complications and behavioral changes in cats following surgery.Results—The most common reason for considering tendonectomy or onychectomy was to avoid damage caused by the cat scratching household materials. Avoidance of injury to humans or animals was chosen more often by owners whose cats underwent onychectomy than those that underwent tendonectomy. Tendonectomy was more likely to have been recommended by veterinarians than onychectomy. Significantly more cats that underwent tendonectomy (67%) than onychectomy (44%) returned to normal activity within 3 days after surgery. Significant differences were not detected regarding behavior problems after surgery.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although tendonectomy and onychectomy involved some medical complications and behavior changes following surgery, owners had positive attitudes regarding both surgeries after the immediate postoperative period. Tendonectomy may be a humane alternative to onychectomy, although owners need to be advised that nail trimming is still necessary in cats after surgery. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:43–47)
Effects of preemptive atropine administration on incidence of medetomidine-induced bradycardia in dogs
Authors: Ko Jeff C. H. , Fox Steven M. , Mandsager Ronald E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the cardiorespiratory effects of preemptive atropine administration in dogs sedated with medetomidine.Design—Randomized crossover trial.Animals—12 healthy adult dogs.Procedures—Dogs underwent 6 treatments. Each treatment consisted of administration of atropine (0.04 mg/kg [0.018 mg/lb] of body weight, IM) or saline solution (0.9% NaCl, 1 ml, IM) and administration of medetomidine (10, 20, or 40 µg/kg [4.5, 9.1, or 18.2µg/lb], IM) 10 minutes later. Treatments were administered in random order, with a minimum of 1 week between treatments. Cardiorespiratory effects before and after atropine and medetomidine administration were assessed. Duration of lateral recumbency and quality of sedation and recovery were assessed.Results—Bradycardia (heart rate < 60 beats/min) was seen in all dogs when saline solution was administered followed by medetomidine, and the dose of medetomidine was not associated with severity or frequency of bradycardia or second-degree heart block. However, a medetomidine dose-dependent increase in mean and diastolic blood pressures was observed, regardless of whether dogs received saline solution or atropine. Preemptive atropine administration effectively prevented bradycardia and seconddegree heart block but induced pulsus alternans and hypertension. The protective effects of atropine against bradycardia lasted 50 minutes. Blood gas values were within reference limits during all treatments and were not significantly different from baseline values. Higher doses of medetomidine resulted in a longer duration of lateral recumbency.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Preemptive administration of atropine in dogs sedated with medetomidine effectively prevents bradycardia for 50 minutes but induces hypertension and pulsus alternans. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:52–58)