bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextualizing remote fall risk: Video data capture and implementing ethical AI
Authors: Moore Jason , McMeekin Peter , Parkes Thomas , Walker Richard , Morris Rosie , Stuart Samuel , Hetherington Victoria , Godfrey Alan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) are being used to quantify gait characteristics that are associated with increased fall risk, but the current limitation is the lack of contextual information that would clarify IMU data. Use of wearable video-based cameras would provide a comprehensive understanding of an individual’s habitual fall risk, adding context to clarify abnormal IMU data. Generally, there is taboo when suggesting the use of wearable cameras to capture real-world video, clinical and patient apprehension due to ethical and privacy concerns. This perspective proposes that routine use of wearable cameras could be realized within digital medicine through AI-based computer vision models to obfuscate/blur/shade sensitive information while preserving helpful contextual information for a comprehensive patient assessment. Specifically, no person sees the raw video data to understand context, rather AI interprets the raw video data first to blur sensitive objects and uphold privacy. That may be more routinely achieved than one imagines as contemporary resources exist. Here, to showcase/display the potential an exemplar model is suggested via off-the-shelf methods to detect and blur sensitive objects (e.g., people) with an accuracy of 88%. Here, the benefit of the proposed approach includes a more comprehensive understanding of an individual’s free-living fall risk (from free-living IMU-based gait) without compromising privacy. More generally, the video and AI approach could be used beyond fall risk to better inform habitual experiences and challenges across a range of clinical cohorts. Medicine is becoming more receptive to wearables as a helpful toolbox, camera-based devices should be plausible instruments.
ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1 (ST3Gal1) synthesis of Siglec ligands mediates anti-tumour immunity in prostate cancer
Authors: Garnham Rebecca , Geh Daniel , Nelson Ryan , Ramon-Gil Erik , Wilson Laura , Schmidt Edward N. , Walker Laura , Adamson Beth , Buskin Adriana , Hepburn Anastasia C. , Hodgson Kirsty , Kendall Hannah , Frame Fiona M. , Maitland Norman , Coffey Kelly , Strand Douglas W. , Robson Craig N. , Elliott David J. , Heer Rakesh , Macauley Matthew , Munkley Jennifer , Gaughan Luke , Leslie Jack , Scott Emma 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade has yet to produce robust anti-cancer responses for prostate cancer. Sialyltransferases have been shown across several solid tumours, including breast, melanoma, colorectal and prostate to promote immune suppression by synthesising sialoglycans, which act as ligands for Siglec receptors. We report that ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1 (ST3Gal1) levels negatively correlate with androgen signalling in prostate tumours. We demonstrate that ST3Gal1 plays an important role in modulating tumour immune evasion through the synthesises of sialoglycans with the capacity to engage the Siglec-7 and Siglec-9 immunoreceptors preventing immune clearance of cancer cells. Here, we provide evidence of the expression of Siglec-7/9 ligands and their respective immunoreceptors in prostate tumours. These interactions can be modulated by enzalutamide and may maintain immune suppression in enzalutamide treated tumours. We conclude that the activity of ST3Gal1 is critical to prostate cancer anti-tumour immunity and provide rationale for the use of glyco-immune checkpoint targeting therapies in advanced prostate cancer.
Symmetry broken vectorial Kerr frequency combs from Fabry-Pérot resonators
Authors: Hill Lewis , Hirmer Eva-Maria , Campbell Graeme , Bi Toby , Ghosh Alekhya , Del’Haye Pascal , Oppo Gian-Luca 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSpontaneous symmetry breaking of a pair of vector temporal cavity solitons has been established as a paradigm to modulate optical frequency combs, and finds many applications in metrology, frequency standards, communications, and photonic devices. While this phenomenon has successfully been observed in Kerr ring resonators, the counterpart exploiting linear Fabry-Pérot cavities is still unexplored. Here, we consider field polarization properties and describe a vector comb generation through the spontaneous symmetry breaking of temporal cavity solitons within coherently driven, passive, Fabry-Pérot cavities with Kerr nonlinearity. Global coupling effects due to the interactions of counter-propagating light restrict the maximum number of soliton pairs within the cavity - even down to a single soliton pair - and force long range polarization conformity in trains of vector solitons.
Mobilizing institutional capacities to adapt to climate change: local government collaboration networks for risk management in Mexico City
Authors: Cid A. , Siqueiros-García J. M. , Mazari-Hiriart M. , Guerra A. , Lerner A. M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractState-centered and hierarchical government strategies based on technocratic top-down approaches have proved inadequate to address multiple interacting and cross-scale risks. In contrast, multilevel governance (MLG) provides a form of governance by networks that operate both in a horizontal arena with neighboring local governments, civil society organizations, and local communities, and in vertical settings, with higher-level governmental authorities and international organizations. In this paper, we examined the role and experience of local governments in a multilevel governance system for risk management in Mexico City. We sought to understand what collaborative resources local governments have to address multiple risks in Mexico City? How do they mobilize these resources in specific actions to address a risk, and how do they interact with different levels on diverse organizational scales? Our results show that resources for vertical and horizontal collaboration were key for local governments for coordination to address multiple risks. We found that collaboration was more common between local governments and with the subnational government. Also, the most common actions focused on forecasting and prevention, as well as preparedness and relief of multiple risks. We found evidence of successful elements of multilevel governance and identified the need for further research on the engagement and representation for non-governmental organizations and private actors in networks of risk management. The results from this study provide a better understanding of the arrangement of collaborative resources underlying local government actions under a state of urgency and scarcity, where action cannot wait for institutional change.
Molecular epidemiology of the HIV-1 epidemic in Fiji
Authors: Sudhakar Atlesh , Wilson Donald , Devi Rachel , Balak Dashika Anshu , Singh Jenni , Tuidraki Kesaia , Gaunavinaka Lavenia , Turuva Waisale , Naivalu Taina , Lawley Blair , Tay John H. , Di Giallonardo Francesca , Duchene Sebastian , Geoghegan Jemma L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVery little is known about the HIV-1 epidemic in Fiji, nor the wider South Pacific region more generally, yet new reported HIV-1 infections are on the rise. As of 2023, there are an estimated 2000 cases of HIV-1 in Fiji with heterosexual contact the primary route of transmission. In this study, we used a molecular epidemiological approach to better understand the genetic diversity of the HIV-1 epidemic in Fiji and reveal patterns of viral transmission. Between 2020 and 2021, venous blood samples were collected from people who had previously been diagnosed with HIV-1. We generated molecular data from 53 infections, representing ~2–3% of reported cases, to identify HIV-1 subtypes and determine the outbreak’s trajectory. Among the 53 HIV-1 cases, we used Bayesian inference to estimate six separate introductions with at least two of these introductions leading to sustained transmission forming large, nation-wide clusters of HIV-1 subtype C. We found that since the introduction of public health interventions circa 2014, the effective reproductive number, Re, decreased among the major clusters identified from an average of 2.4 to just below 1. Molecular epidemiological analysis suggested that public health efforts aimed at decreasing the spread of the disease were at least somewhat effective. Nevertheless, with a recent rise in reported HIV-1 cases, this study demonstrates the utility of molecular data to inform a more targeted public health approach for controlling its spread.
A novel strategy to generate immunocytokines with activity-on-demand using small molecule inhibitors
Authors: Rotta Giulia , Gilardoni Ettore , Ravazza Domenico , Mock Jacqueline , Seehusen Frauke , Elsayed Abdullah , Puca Emanuele , De Luca Roberto , Pellegrino Christian , Look Thomas , Weiss Tobias , Manz Markus G , Halin Cornelia , Neri Dario , Dakhel Plaza Sheila 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCytokine-based therapeutics have been shown to mediate objective responses in certain tumor entities but suffer from insufficient selectivity, causing limiting toxicity which prevents dose escalation to therapeutically active regimens. The antibody-based delivery of cytokines significantly increases the therapeutic index of the corresponding payload but still suffers from side effects associated with peak concentrations of the product in blood upon intravenous administration. Here we devise a general strategy (named “Intra-Cork”) to mask systemic cytokine activity without impacting anti-cancer efficacy. Our technology features the use of antibody-cytokine fusions, capable of selective localization at the neoplastic site, in combination with pathway-selective inhibitors of the cytokine signaling, which rapidly clear from the body. This strategy, exemplified with a tumor-targeted IL12 in combination with a JAK2 inhibitor, allowed to abrogate cytokine-driven toxicity without affecting therapeutic activity in a preclinical model of cancer. This approach is readily applicable in clinical practice.
A pilot protection based on low frequency component model for HVDC transmission lines
Authors: Han Ke , Chen Yu , Ma Ruizhi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractReliable and fast identification of high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line faults is important to the safety of power system. In traditional DC transmission line protection, differential protection is invulnerable to high fault resistance, but it needs long time delay for the influence of distributed capacitance current. In order to solve this problem, a novel pilot protection is proposed. The characteristics of the voltage and current processed by low‐pass filter under different fault conditions are analysed, and based on it the protection criteria is proposed. When external fault occurs, it reflects the line capacitance where the first forward fault traveling wave passes, which is increasing until equal to the whole line capacitance, then remains constant. However, when internal fault occurs, its value is negative in the initial stage, and after that its value is very different from the whole line capacitance. The analysis proves that this pilot protection method has fast operation speed, and can be applied for a relatively long period of time. What is more, the applicable time of superposition principle is considered in the analysis, which is not considered in many literatures. An UHVDC system is modelled for simulation in PSCAD/EMTDC, and the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified.
The Acute: Chronic Workload Ratio and Injury Risk in Semiprofessional
Football Players
Authors: Seco-Serna Roberto , Lago-Fuentes Carlos , Barcala-Furelos Martín 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the association and predictive capacity
between the acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) and non-contact injuries in a
semiprofessional football team. Seventeen football or soccer players from a
Spanish Third Division football team participated voluntarily in this study. A
prospective longitudinal study was developed during the 2020/2021 season.
Twenty-four weeks were analyzed from October to March, including a regenerative
microcycle due to the absence of competition during Christmas. Rate of perceived
exertion (RPE) and session-rate of perceived exertion (sRPE) were registered for
every training and game session. Afterward, acute and chronic workloads were
calculated, and ACWR was subsequently derived from them. Furthermore,
non-contact injuries were registered during the period mentioned. The main
findings were that there is a poor correlation between the ACWR and non-contact
injuries (r=0.069 (p<0.05)), and the use of the ACWR by itself is
insufficient to predict the occurrence of non-contact injuries in a
semiprofessional football team. Consequently, the ACWR is not an useful
predictive tool for injuries in semiprofessional football teams.
Experiences With Repair Of Ulnar Nerve Injuries (A Study of Twelve Cases)
Authors: Chowdhury Siti Roy , Roy R. N. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe quality of recovery after nerve suture in this series appears to be better in younger patients.Though the functional recovery after a nerve suture is better in a low placed lesion, the results of repair in this series appears to be quite good in high placed lesions as well.The functional result following a nerve Tepair appears to be good if repaired hetween 3 to 9 months.Sensory return following repair of ulnar nerve was always noted earlier than improvement in the motor power.Group funicular repair of severed nerve with the aid of magnification and microsuture gave better functional result than conventional epineural suture with coarser suture material and without the aid of magnification.Operation under magnification allow better identification of funiculi, of their sizes, position and alignment. It further enables the surgeon to use finer needles, suture materials and thus achieve better apposition of severed nerves.
ETIOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL HAND INJURIES*
Authors: BHATTACHARYA V. , PANDEY K. , SINHA J. K. , TRIPATHI F. M. 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYThe present article draws attention to the various etiological factors responsible for the devastating hand injuries resulting from commonly used agro-industrial machines. Simple and effective preventive measures have been proposed to minimise such accidents.
Ipsilateral fasciocutaneous flaps for leg and foot defects
Authors: Bhattacharya Visweswar , Watts Rajesh Kumar 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTIt was a revolutionary enhancement for lower limb reconstruction when fasciocutaneous flaps were first described and used in clinical practice in 1981. Subsequently persistent studies were made to emphasize and confirm the rich vasculai net'"voik associated with deep iascia. Thereafter studies were directed to identify the various types of perforators supplying the deep fascia and the overlying subcutaneous tissue and skin. Accordingly the scientists classified these flaps keeping in mind theii clinical applications. The authors of this articie have aiso performed extensive research on various aspects. This has led to better understanding about the finer details of vascularity. Based on this various modifications have been made for safe application of reconstruction for defects extending from knee to sole. To avoid complications the clinician should be able to select the proper procedure as regards the donor site and the possible preoperative and postoperative technical faults. A well-designed and meticulously executed flap usually has smooth recovery. Both Colour Doppler and Audio Doppler are useful tools in planning a safe flap. Now these flaps have proved to be standard technique without requiring a special set up extensive training.
A framework for the facilitation of accelerated leadership and management capability development in the workplace
Authors: Harper Gregory J. , Cameron Roslyn , Edwards Christine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA holistic framework for the design of leadership and management programs to accelerate leadership and management capability development in the workplace is presented. Previous models and frameworks have been primarily based on program design inputs and outcomes and have not adequately considered the mediating role of learning processes and learner preferences in the relationship between program design inputs and outcomes. Additionally, most existing models and frameworks do not offer holistic approaches. Four theoretical implications and five practical applications of the framework are presented. The three defining features of the leadership and management learning framework are the focus on the development of competencies that underpin effective leadership, the central role of learning facilitation in this development, and the workplace learning processes that enable leadership and management development, and specifically meta-learning processes. Contributions to theory involve the integration of meta-learning and facilitation in the framework and the six propositions posited. A series of practical implications for advancing leadership program design, delivery and evaluation is also presented.
Design and development of a horizontal contact separated (HCS) test setup for measuring the performance of triboelectric nanogenerator for sustainable energy harvesting applications
Authors: Kumar Shailendra , Jha Rajesh Kumar , Sharma Prashant , Goswami Ankur 
Published: March 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can play a pivotal role in harnessing non-utilized reciprocating motion and convert it into electrical energy that can later be stored in a battery or capacitor to power various Internet of Things-based smart electronic and wearable devices. Herein, we designed a cost-effective instrumental test bed focused on investigating the output performance of a horizontal contact separation mode triboelectric nanogenerator by varying the input parameters, such as applied force, motor speed, triboplate separation, and frequency of instrumental setup. The test bed mainly consists of three major parts: (i) application of force, (ii) tapping of TENG sample, and (iii) output parameters measurement. The output performance in terms of open circuit output voltage (VOC), short circuit current (ISC), and power density of polydimethylsiloxane-based TENG was monitored and optimized by varying the input parameters. A low-cost current measuring circuitry using an operational amplifier integrated circuit has been proposed with 92% accuracy. The maximum value of VOC and ISC was observed to be 254 V and 31.8 µA at a motor speed of 600 rpm, the distance between both the plates was 6 mm, the input applied force of 40 N, and the striking frequency of 3 Hz. The maximum power density of 2.1 W/m2 was obtained at an input impedance of 8 kΩ. The durability of the test bed as well as the TENG sample was also measured for 25 h. The degree of uncertainty was measured for VOC, ISC, and applied force and calculated to be 1.62%, 7.45%, and 6.27%, respectively.
Tailoring photocatalytic water splitting activity of boron–thiophene polymer through pore size engineering
Authors: Bhauriyal Preeti , Heine Thomas 
Published: March 2024

Taking into account the electron-rich and visible light response of thiophene, first-principles calculations have been carried out to explore the photocatalytic activity of donor–acceptor polymers incorporating thiophene and boron. Honeycomb-kagome boron–thiophene (BTP) polymers with varying numbers of thiophene units and fixed B center atoms are direct bandgap semiconductors with tunable bandgaps ranging from 2.41 to 1.88 eV and show high absorption coefficients under the ultraviolet and visible regions of the solar spectrum. Fine-tuning the band edges of the BTP polymer is efficiently achieved by adjusting the pore size through the manipulation of thiophene units between the B centers. This manipulation, achieved without excessive chemical functionalization, facilitates the generation of an appropriate quantity of photoexcited electrons and/or holes to straddle the redox potential of the water. Our study demonstrates that two units between B centers of thiophene in BTP polymers enable overall photocatalytic water splitting, whereas BTP polymers with larger pores solely promote photocatalytic hydrogen reduction. Moreover, the thermodynamics of hydrogen and oxygen reduction reactions either proceed spontaneously or need small additional external biases. Our findings provide the rationale for designing metal-free and single-material polymer photocatalysts based on thiophene, specifically for achieving efficient overall water splitting.
Numerical investigation of the effect of blade tip loading distribution on tip leakage vortex characteristics in a waterjet pump
Authors: Gong Bo , Zhu Huailun , Chen Xiaohang , Li Ning , Yin Junlian , Wang Dezhong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The blade tip leakage vortex (TLV) is a common concern for waterjet pump. The TLV are closely related to the load distribution at the blade tip. This paper aims at to investigate the relationship between blade tip load distribution and TLV trajectory and size. The characteristics of tip leakage vortex in a mixed flow pump is investigated by numerical method. The SST k-ω turbulence model is used to predict TLV trajectories. The result shows a good agreement with the visualization results based on high-speed photography (HSP), which validated that the accuracy of numerical method. The numerical results show that the starting point of the TLV, as well as the angle between blade chord and TLV changes with flow rate condition, which related with the blade tip loading. Therefore, the distribution of the load at the top of the leaf necessarily influences the trajectory of the leakage vortex. Comparing the three different loading patterns at the blade tip, it can be seen that as the load moves backwards, the starting position of the leakage vortex at the blade tip moves backwards and the relative angle between the TLV and blade increases.
Study on cross-section distortion behaviors for tube bending at varying geometry parameters
Authors: Wan Tao , Fang Jun , Ouyang Fang , Shang Wenxuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Tube bending is often plagued by the critical forming defect of cross-section distortion, which increases flow resistance, affects the strength and stiffness of bent-tube, and thus directly influences the usage performance of bent-tube components. To achieve accurate tube bending forming, the distortion behaviors for cross-section during tube bending should be clarified. A finite element (FE) model accounting for the change in elastic modulus was employed for addressing the distortion behaviors of the cross-section for high strength 0Cr21Ni6Mn9N (0Cr21Ni6Mn9N-HS) tube in NC rotary draw bending at varying geometry parameters. The findings indicate that accounting for the change in elastic modulus can aggrandize the distortion ratio of the cross-section, but has no significant impact on the distortion behaviors for the cross-section. The cross-section ovality behaviors of the 0Cr21Ni6Mn9N-HS tube at various geometry parameters for NC rotary draw bending have been clarified, and the ranges of sound parameters have been determined.