bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation anxiety syndrome in cats: 136 cases (1991–2000)
Authors: Schwartz Stefanie 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether cats develop clinical signs typical of separation anxiety syndrome (SAS) and the type and frequency of applicable clinical signs in affected cats.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—136 cats with clinical signs typical of SAS in dogs. Subjects were evaluated during home visits.Procedure—Medical records of pet cats evaluated for behavior problems during a 10-year period were reviewed. Medical records of cats that displayed behaviors typical of dogs with SAS (eg, inappropriate elimination, excessive vocalization, destructiveness, or self-mutilation) were more extensively examined, and cats that displayed these behaviors only when separated from an apparent attachment figure were included in the study.Results—Behavior problems triggered by separation anxiety included inappropriate urination (96 cats), inappropriate defecation (48), excessive vocalization (16), destructiveness (12), and psychogenic grooming (8). Inappropriate defecation was identified in a significantly higher percentage of the neutered females in the study than in the neutered males. Seventy-five percent of the cats that urinated inappropriately urinated exclusively on the owner's bed. Psychogenic grooming was identified in 8 of the 40 neutered females but in none of the neutered males, whereas destructiveness was observed in 12 of the 92 neutered males but in none of the neutered females.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that cats can develop SAS. Sex and breed differences in the frequency of particular signs of SAS in cats may exist. Feline SAS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of anxiety-related misbehavior in cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1028–1033)
Characteristics of free-roaming cats and their caretakers
Authors: Centonze Lisa A. , Levy Julie K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectives—To describe the characteristics of unowned, free-roaming cats and their caretakers who participated in a trap-neuter-return (TNR) program and to determine the effect of the program on free-roaming cat colonies.Design—Prospective study.Sample Population—101 caretakers of 920 unowned, free-roaming cats in 132 colonies in north central Florida.Results—Most (85/101; 84%) caretakers were female. The median age was 45 years (range, 19 to 74 years). Most (89/101; 88%) caretakers owned pets and of those, most (67/101; 66%) owned cats. The major reasons for feeding free-roaming cats were sympathy and love of animals. Most caretakers reported that the cats they cared for were too wild to be adopted, but many also reported that they considered the cats to be like pets. The total surveyed cat population was 920 before participation in TNR and 678 after TNR. Mean colony size was 7 cats before TNR and 5.1 cats after TNR. Most cats lived on the caretaker's property. At the time of the survey, 70% (644/920) of the cats had been neutered.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The decrease in the surveyed free-roaming cat population was attributed to a reduction in births of new kittens, adoptions, deaths, and disappearances. Recognition of the human-animal bond that exists between caretakers and the feral cats they feed may facilitate the development of effective control programs for feral cat populations. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220: 1627–1633)
Use of a portable real-time reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction assay for rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus
Authors: Callahan Johnny D. , Brown Fred , Osorio Fernando A. , Sur Jung H. , Kramer Ed , Long Gary W. , Lubroth Juan , Ellis Stefanie J. , Shoulars Katina S. , Gaffney Kristin L. , Rock Daniel L. , Nelson William M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate a portable real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay designed to detect all 7 viral serotypes of footand- mouth disease virus (FMDV).Design—Laboratory and animal studies.Study Population—Viruses grown in tissue culture and animals experimentally infected with FMDV.Procedure—1 steer, pig, and sheep were infected with serotype O FMDV. Twenty-four hours later, animals were placed in separate rooms that contained 4 FMDV-free, healthy animals of the same species. Oral and nasal swab specimens, oropharyngeal specimens obtained with a probang, and blood samples were obtained at frequent intervals, and animals were observed for fever and clinical signs of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Samples from animals and tissue cultures were assayed for infectious virus and viral RNA.Results—The assay detected viral RNA representing all 7 FMDV serotypes grown in tissue culture but did not amplify a panel of selected viruses that included those that cause vesicular diseases similar to FMD; thus, the assay had a specificity of 100%, depending on the panel selected. The assay also met or exceeded sensitivity of viral culture on samples from experimentally infected animals. In many instances, the assay detected viral RNA in the mouth and nose 24 to 96 hours before the onset of clinical disease.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The assay reagents are produced in a vitrified form, which permits storage and transportation at ambient temperatures. The test can be performed in 2 hours or less on a portable instrument, thus providing a rapid, portable, sensitive, and specific method for detection of FMDV. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1636–1642)
Diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs: a survey of internists and dermatologists
Authors: Behrend Ellen N. , Kemppainen Robert J. , Clark Terrence P. , Salman M. D. , Peterson Mark E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine testing protocols used by board-certified internists and dermatologists for diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) in dogs.Design—Survey.Study Population—Board-certified internists and dermatologists.Procedure—A questionnaire was mailed to 501 specialists to gather information pertaining to diagnosis of HAC.Results—206 surveys were returned. Only 26% of respondents indicated they would screen a dog for HAC if the dog had only a few laboratory abnormalities consistent with HAC and no clinical signs consistent with the disease; 31% indicated they would not, and 43% indicated they would sometimes. Overall, 55% of respondents indicated they preferred to use the lowdose dexamethasone suppression test for routine screening of dogs suspected to have HAC. However, many respondents indicated they would use a different screening test than usual in particular circumstances. Sixty-eight percent of respondents indicated they would perform a second screening test for confirmation if results of an initial screening test were positive but there were few clinical or laboratory abnormalities consistent with HAC. Most respondents used some sort of test to differentiate pituitary-dependent HAC from HAC secondary to an adrenal tumor (AT), but no 1 test was clearly preferred. Ultrasonography was commonly used, whereas computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were not, even if available.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test is the test most commonly used to screen dogs for HAC but that other tests may be used in certain circumstances. A variety of tests were used to differentiate pituitary-dependent HAC from HAC secondary to an AT. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1643–1649)
Surgical and nonsurgical management of and selected risk factors for spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs: 64 cases (1986–1999)
Authors: Puerto David A. , Brockman Daniel J. , Lindquist Christopher , Drobatz Kenneth 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare results of surgical versus nonsurgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—64 dogs with pneumothorax without any history of antecedent trauma.Procedure—Information on signalment, thoracic radiographic findings, treatment, histologic findings, and outcome was obtained from the medical records. Signalment of affected dogs was compared with signalment of a control population of 260 dogs examined by the emergency service for reasons other than pneumothorax during the study period.Results—Siberian Huskies were overrepresented in the case population, compared with the control population of dogs examined by the emergency service for other reasons. Twenty-eight dogs were treated without surgery (ie, thoracocentesis or tube thoracostomy with or without cage rest), and 36 were treated with surgery. Information regarding final outcome was available for 33 dogs treated with surgery (median followup time, 485 days) and 15 dogs treated without surgery (median follow-up time, 366 days). Dogs that underwent surgery had significantly lower recurrence (1/30) and mortality (4/33) rates, compared with dogs treated without surgery (6/12 and 8/15, respectively). A definitive diagnosis was obtained for 38 dogs, including 34 of 36 dogs undergoing surgery; 26 had bullous emphysema and 4 had neoplasia. Two dogs developed spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to migration of plant foreign bodies.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that recurrence and mortality rates for dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax managed surgically were significantly lower than rates for dogs managed by nonsurgical means alone. Early surgical intervention is recommended for definitive diagnosis and treatment of dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1670–1674)
Evaluation of a manual technique for detection of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in dogs receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Wyatt Kenneth M. , Wyatt Gemma L. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine accuracy of a manual technique
for detection of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia
in dogs receiving chemotherapy.

Design—Masked prospective study.

Animals—11 dogs treated with chemotherapy for
neoplasia.

Procedure—124 blood samples from dogs being
treated with chemotherapy for various neoplasms
were processed through an automated cell counter,
and results were compared with those obtained by
use of a rapid manual technique for estimating neutrophil
and platelet concentrations to determine
whether the manual technique could accurately
detect dogs with neutropenia or thrombocytopenia.

Results—By use of automated techniques, neutropenia
(< 3,000 cells/µl) was detected in 17 of 124 blood
samples, and thrombocytopenia (< 100,000 platelets/µl)
was detected in 3 of 124 blood samples. The manual
technique correctly identified 16 of 17 (94%) blood
samples with neutropenia, with a specificity of 92%
(98/107). The manual technique correctly identified 3 of
3 (100%) blood samples with thrombocytopenia, with
specificity of 94% (114/121).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Manual estimates
of neutrophil and platelet counts are sensitive
and specific; however, a full differential cell count is
still preferable. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;220:1805–1806)
Comparison of pulse administration versus once daily administration of itraconazole for the treatment of Malassezia pachydermatis dermatitis and otitis in dogs
Authors: Pinchbeck Lauren R. , Hillier Andrew , Kowalski Joseph J. , Kwochka Kenneth W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare clinical efficacy of pulse administration with itraconazole versus once daily administration for the treatment of cutaneous and oticM pachydermatisinfection in dogs.Design—Randomized controlled trial.Animals—20 dogs.Procedure—Dogs were treated with itraconazole orally (n = 10/group), using a pulse administration regimen (5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h for 2 consecutive days per week for 3 weeks) or once daily administration (5 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h for 21 days). No other treatment was permitted. On days 0 and 21, clinical severity of cutaneous and otic disease was assessed, and samples were collected for cytologic examination and yeast culture. Cytology (sum of the mean number of yeast organisms per oil immersion field for affected sites) and culture (mean of the score for extent of yeast growth for samples from affected sites) scores were calculated.Results—For dogs in both treatment groups, clinical severity of cutaneous and otic disease was significantly decreased by day 21, but decrease in severity was not significantly different between groups. Similarly, skin cytology, skin culture, and ear culture scores were significantly decreased on day 21, compared with day 0, for both groups, but decreases were not significantly different between groups except that dogs in the pulse administration group had a significantly greater decrease in ear culture scores than did dogs in the daily administration group. However, when cytology scores only for ear samples were analyzed, day 21 score was not significantly decreased, compared with day 0 score, for either group.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that both pulse administration and once daily administration of itraconazole were efficacious in the treatment ofM pachydermatiscutaneous infection in dogs. However, adjunctive treatment may be needed in dogs with M pachydermatis otitis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1807–1812)
Urethroscopy and laser lithotripsy for the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in goats and pot-bellied pigs
Authors: Halland Spring K. , House John K. , George Lisle W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To explore the use of urethral endoscopy and laser lithotripsy in the diagnosis and management of urolithiasis in goats and pot-bellied pigs.Design—Prospective clinical study.Animals—16 male goats and 6 male pot-bellied pigs with dysuria.Procedure—Abdominal ultrasonography and urethral endoscopy were performed on all 22 animals. Endoscopic-guided holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser lithotripsy was performed in 3 goats and 2 pot-bellied pigs.Results—Urolithiasis was identified in 15 goats and 5 pot-bellied pigs. Primary urinary bladder paralysis and cystitis were identified in the remaining pot-bellied pig and goat. Mean bladder diameters of obstructed small- and large-breed goats were 7 and 9.5 cm, respectively. The mean bladder diameter of obstructed pot-bellied pigs was 9.5 cm. Five of 20 animals with obstructive urolithiasis had severe urethral necrosis or stricture formation at the time of urethroscopy. All of these animals were euthanatized within 6 months because of persistent dysuria. When used, laser lithotripsy successfully fractured the distally located obstructing stones in the 3 goats and 2 pot-bellied pigs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Urethral endoscopy is useful for evaluating urethral patency in goats and pot-bellied pigs. Examination of the urethral mucosa following relief of urethral obstructions aids in the assessment of the long-term prognosis for urethral stricture. Urethral endoscopy also expands the therapeutic options for management of urolithiasis by providing a route for conducting laser lithotripsy. Laser lithotripsy proved to be safe and effective for clearing distally located calculi refractory to removal by traditional urethral flushing. Lithotripsy application is restricted to calculi lodged in the urethra. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002; 220:1831–1834)
Population and survival characteristics of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: 260 cases (1990–1999)
Authors: Rush John E. , Freeman Lisa M. , Fenollosa Nathaniel K. , Brown Donald J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine current population characteristics of, clinical findings in, and survival times for cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).Design—Retrospective study.Animals—260 cats with HCM.Procedure—Information was obtained from the medical records. Cats were classified into 1 of 4 clinical groups (congestive heart failure [CHF] group, arterial thromboembolism [ATE] group, syncope group, or cats without clinical signs [subclinical group]) on the basis of the primary clinical signs at the initial examination.Results—120 cats were classified in the CHF group, 43 in the ATE group, 10 in the syncope group, and 87 in the subclinical group. Antecedent events that may have precipitated CHF included IV fluid administration, anesthesia, surgery, and recent corticosteroid administration. Median survival time was 709 days (range, 2 to 4,418 days) for cats that survived > 24 hours. Cats in the subclinical group lived the longest (median survival time, 1,129 days; range, 2 to 3,778 days), followed by cats in the syncope group (654 days; range, 28 to 1,505 days), cats in the CHF group (563 days; range, 2 to 4,418 days), and cats in the ATE group (184 days; range, 2 to 2,278 days). Causes of death included ATE (n = 56), CHF (49), sudden death (13), and noncardiac causes (27). In univariate analyses, survival time was negatively correlated with left atrial size, age, right ventricular enlargement, and thoracentesis. Cats with systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve lived longer than cats without this echocardiographic finding. In multivariate analyses, only age and left atrial size remained significant predictors of survival time.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although overall survival time for cats with HCM was similar to earlier reports, survival times for cats with CHF or ATE were longer than previously reported. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:202–207)
Clinical assessment and outcome of three techniques for jejunal resection and anastomosis in horses: 59 cases (1989–2000)
Authors: Semevolos Stacy A. , Ducharme Norm G. , Hackett Richard P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare postoperative complications, short- and long-term survival, and surgical times for hand-sewn end-to-end (EE), stapled functional end-toend (FEE), and stapled side-to-side (SS) anastomotic techniques for jejunal resection in horses.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—59 horses.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed to obtain signalment, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome for horses that underwent jejunojejunostomy in our hospital. Only horses that recovered from anesthesia were included in the study.Results—Among the 59 horses, there were 33 EE, 15 FEE, and 11 SS anastomoses. No difference was found in duration of surgery among the 3 techniques. The most common postoperative complications were colic episodes (56%), ileus (53%), diarrhea (20%), and adhesions (15%). Horses with SS anastomosis had a significantly shorter duration of postoperative ileus than the EE group did. No significant difference in duration of postoperative ileus was found among the other groups. No difference was found among the 3 anastomotic techniques in regard to survival rate at the time of discharge, 6 months after surgery, or 1 year after surgery. Overall survival rates after jejunal anastomosis were 88% at the time of discharge, 65% at 6 months after surgery, and 57% at ≥ 1 year after surgery.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The handsewn EE, stapled FEE, and stapled SS anastomotic techniques should be considered equivalent methods for small intestinal anastomosis in the horse. However, the stapled SS technique may be preferred because of possible decreased duration of postoperative ileus. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:215–218)
Efficacy of a combination febantel-praziquantelpyrantel product, with or without vaccination with a commercial Giardia vaccine, for treatment of dogs with naturally occurring giardiasis
Authors: Payne Patricia A. , Ridley Robert K. , Dryden Michael W. , Bathgate Christine , Milliken George A. , Stewart Patricia W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine efficacy of treatment with a combination febantel-praziquantel-pyrantel product, with or without vaccination with a commercialGiardiavaccine, in dogs with naturally occurring giardiasis.Design—Prospective trial.Animals—16 Beagles naturally infected withGiardia duodenalis.Procedures—During phase 1, 6 dogs were treated with the parasiticide for 3 days (4 were also vaccinated). Four weeks later, all 6 dogs were treated with the parasiticide again for 5 days and were bathed and moved to clean cages after the last treatment (phase 2). Nine dogs were treated with the parasiticide for 3 (n = 4) or 5 (5) days and bathed and moved to clean cages after the last treatment (phase 3). Fecal samples were collected twice weekly for 24 days after treatment and tested for cysts with a quantitative zinc sulfate flotation technique and forGiardiaantigen with an immunoassay.Results—Dogs in phase 1 were all shedding cysts again by day 24. In phase 2, only 1 dog shed cysts after treatment, and shedding was transient (day 17). In phase 3, neither cysts nor antigen was detected in fecal samples from 2 of 4 dogs treated for 3 days and 4 of 5 dogs treated for 5 days. In 18 of 57 (31.6%) fecal samples, cysts were seen, but results of the immunoassay were negative.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that when a combination febantel-praziquantelpyrantel product is used to treat dogs with giardiasis, bathing and changing the environment after treatment may be more important in preventing recurrence than duration of treatment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:330–333)
Effect of an orally administered antacid agent containing aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide on abomasal luminal pH in clinically normal milk-fed calves
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed F. , Constable Peter D. , Misk Nabil A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of a commercially available orally administered antacid agent containing aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide on abomasal luminal pH in clinically normal milkfed calves.Design—Randomized trial.Animals—5 male dairy calves.Procedure—Throughout the study, calves were fed milk replacer at 7:30 AM and 7:30 PM. Cannulae for pH electrodes were placed in the abomasal body and pyloric antrum. Treatments consisted of oral administration of a high (50 ml) or low (25 ml) dose of the antacid agent and oral administration of milk replacer alone (control). Antacid was given at 7:30 AM, 3:30 PM, and 11:30 PM, and luminal pH was monitored continuously for 24 hours, beginning 15 minutes before administration of the first dose of antacid.Results—Administration of the first dose of antacid at the time of the morning feeding resulted in an increase in mean abomasal body luminal pH of < 1 pH unit, whereas administration of the second and third doses of the antacid caused transient (< 3 hours) increases in mean luminal pH of approximately 1.5 (low dose) and 2.5 (high dose) pH units.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that clinically normal milk-fed calves given a commercially available antacid agent, PO, will have a transient increase in abomasal luminal pH. Such agents may, therefore, have a role in the treatment of abomasal ulceration in calves; however, the long-term effects of orally administered antacid agents in milkfed calves and the clinical efficacy of such agents in treating abomasal ulceration remain to be determined. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:74–79)
Microbiologic evaluation of commercial probiotics
Authors: Weese J. Scott 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate contents of commercial probiotic
products marketed for veterinary or human
administration.

Design—Microbiologic culture assay.

Sample Population—8 veterinary probiotics and 5
human probiotics.

Procedure—Quantitative bacteriologic culture was
performed on all products, and isolates were identified
via biochemical characteristics. Comparison of
actual contents versus label claims was performed.

Results—Label descriptions of organisms and concentrations
accurately described the actual contents
of only 2 of 13 products. Five veterinary products did
not specifically list their contents. Most products contained
low concentrations of viable organisms. Five
products did not contain 1 or more of the stated
organisms, and 3 products contained additional
species. Some products contained organisms with no
reported probiotic effects; some of these organisms
could be pathogens.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Most commercial
veterinary probiotic preparations are not accurately
represented by label claims. Quality control
appears to be poor for commercial veterinary probiotics.
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;220:794–797)