bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrophic Glossitis From Vitamin B12 Deficiency: A Case Misdiagnosed as Burning Mouth Disorder
Authors: Lehman Julia S. , Bruce Alison J. , Rogers Roy S. 
Published: November 2006

Background: Glossodynia, or painful sensation of the tongue, can have a spectrum of etiologies, such as local infection, trauma, nerve damage, glossitis, or the enigmatic neuropathic pain syndrome, burning mouth disorder (BMD; also known as burning mouth syndrome). Careful history‐taking, physical examination, and appropriate laboratory screening can differentiate these causes of glossodynia and direct further therapy.Methods: A 73‐year‐old woman presented with several months of glossodynia having previously been diagnosed by her primary care physician with primary BMD. Subsequently, she consulted an otolaryngologist, who pursued further diagnostic evaluation.Results: Examination revealed the presence of a beefy, red, smooth tongue, and further laboratory evaluation yielded a low serum vitamin B12 level and macrocytosis. Three months of oral vitamin B12 supplementation led to partial restoration of serum vitamin B12 levels and a modest improvement in symptoms. Her final diagnoses were atrophic glossitis and glossodynia secondary to vitamin B12 deficiency, most likely due to pernicious anemia.Conclusions: The results of this case have important clinical implications for the diagnostic evaluation and management of patients with glossodynia and apparent BMD. Pathogenic mechanisms of nutrient deficiency in atrophic glossitis are discussed.
Histologic and Ultrastructural Analysis of Regenerated Bone in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation Using a Porcine Bone–Derived Biomaterial
Authors: Orsini Giovanna , Scarano Antonio , Piattelli Maurizio , Piccirilli Marcello , Caputi Sergio , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: November 2006

Background: The purpose of the present study was the histologic and ultrastructural evaluation of a biomaterial composed of cortical pig bone in the form of granules.Methods: After maxillary sinus augmentation using this biomaterial, 10 specimens were retrieved after 5 months in 10 patients using this biomaterial. The specimens were processed to be observed under light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Histomorphometric measurements were presented by means ± standard deviations.Results: LM showed that most of the particles were surrounded by newly formed bone. In some areas, the osteoid matrix was present; however, mainly compact bone was present at the interface. There was no evidence of an acute inflammatory infiltrate. The newly formed bone was 36% ± 2.8% and marrow spaces were 38% ± 1.6%, whereas residual grafted material was 31% ± 1.6%. Under TEM, all phases of bone formation (osteoid matrix, woven, and lamellar bone) were observed in proximity with the biomaterial particles. The bone‐biomaterial interface showed a close contact between the porcine bone particles and the surrounding bone that had mainly features of mature bone with numerous osteocytes. A lamina limitans was sometimes present at this interface.Conclusions: According to our knowledge, this is the first study presenting data on TEM of a porcine bone–derived biomaterial used in sinus augmentation procedures in humans. Our findings show that this is a biocompatible biomaterial that can be used for maxillary sinus augmentation procedures without interfering with the normal reparative bone processes.
A Retrospective Evaluation of 1,387 Single‐Tooth Implants: A 6‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Levin Liran , Sadet Paul , Grossmann Yoav 
Published: November 2006

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall survival rate and factors that affect the clinical outcome of 1,387 consecutively placed implant‐supported single restorations up to 6 years.Methods: During 6 years (1999 to 2005), 1,387 implants were placed in 1,215 subjects (1,073 males and 142 females) who required single‐tooth replacements. The average time from implant placement was 2.7 ± 3.27 years. Implants were mostly placed in the maxillary premolar area (39.5%) followed by the anterior maxillary area (28.7%). Implant survival and location, need for bone augmentation, and implant dimensions were recorded and analyzed.Results: Failed implants totaled 96, resulting in an overall survival rate of 93.1%. The vast majority of failures (94.8%) occurred during the first year following implant placement. Bone augmentation was performed in 9.7% of the implants with a 92.5% survival rate, similar to the survival rate of non‐augmented areas (93.1%; P = 0.79). The average implant length was 13.3 mm, ranging from 8 to 16 mm. Longer implants (≥11 mm) showed similar survival rates as implants <11 mm (93.2% versus 90.2%, respectively; P = 0.4). Implant width ranged between 3.25 to 5 mm (mean 3.9), with no effect on implant survival (P = 0.43). There was a significant difference in implant survival according to the anatomic zone of implant placement (P = 0.0075). The maxillary premolar area showed the highest survival rate (96.2%).Conclusion: Implant‐supported single‐tooth replacement is a predictable procedure with good survival rates up to 6 years.
Season of birth interacts with measures of inbreeding in multiplex schizophrenia pedigrees: evidence from genetic isolates in Daghestan
Authors: Bulayeva Kazima , McGrath John 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
While the season-of-birth effect is one of the most consistent epidemiological features of schizophrenia, there is a lack of consistency with respect to the interaction between season of birth and family history of schizophrenia. Apart from family history, measures related to consanguinity can be used as proxy markers of genomic heterogeneity. Thus, these measures may provide an alternate, indirect index of genetic susceptibility. We had the opportunity to explore the interaction between season of birth and measure of consanguinity in well-described genetic isolates in Daghestan, some of which are known for their relatively high prevalence of schizophrenia. Our previous population-genetic study showed Daghestan has an extremely high genetic diversity between the ethnic populations and a low genetic diversity within them. The isolates selected for this study include some with more than 200 and some with less than 100 generations of demographical history since their founding. Based on pedigrees of multiply-affected families, we found that among individuals with schizophrenia, the measure of consanguinity was significantly higher in the parents of those born in winter/spring compared to those born in summer/autumn. Furthermore, compared to summer/autumn born, winter/spring born individuals with schizophrenia had an earlier age-of-onset, and more prominent auditory hallucinations. Our results suggest that the offspring of consanguineous marriages, and thus those with reduced allelic heterogeneity, may be more susceptible to the environmental factor(s) underpinning the season-of-the effect in schizophrenia.
Developmental progression in the confidence‐accuracy relationship in event recall: insights provided by a calibration perspective
Authors: Howie Pauline , Roebers Claudia M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe development of discrimination and realism was investigated in the event recall of 156 8‐year‐olds, 133 10‐year‐olds and 146 adults, using categorical confidence judgements. Target questions were either a mixture of misleading and unbiased (‘non‐bombardment’), or restricted to one question format (‘bombardment’). The confidence judgements of all age groups discriminated between incorrect and correct responses to unbiased questions, but with misleading questions, this ability was undermined in the children, particularly when ‘bombarded’. Calibration‐style analyses of unbiased questions revealed a systematic confidence–accuracy association across age and question mix for unbiased questions. For misleading questions, however, the absence of a drop in performance from intermediate to low confidence at all ages suggested relative underconfidence at the lowest confidence level. At high confidence levels, there was evidence of realistic congruence between confidence and performance in adults, but this was not the case in the 10‐year‐olds when bombarded with misleading questions, or in the 8‐year‐olds, regardless of bombardment. Exploratory analyses of question difficulty revealed poor calibration across ages for difficult unbiased questions, and in the 8‐year‐olds, even for easy unbiased questions when intermixed with misleading questions. Bombardment with difficult misleading questions further undermined children's calibration. Implications for the role of social and cognitive factors in the development of metacognitive monitoring are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ZnO–SnO2 Hollow Spheres and Hierarchical Nanosheets: Hydrothermal Preparation, Formation Mechanism, and Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Wang W.‐W. , Zhu Y.‐J. , Yang L.‐X. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractZnO–SnO2 hollow spheres and hierarchical nanosheets are successfully synthesized using an aqueous solution containing ZnO rods, SnCl4, and NaOH by using a simple hydrothermal method. The effects of hydrothermal temperature and time on the morphology of ZnO–SnO2 are investigated. The formation process of ZnO–SnO2 hollow spheres and nanosheets is discussed. The samples are characterized using X‐ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy. Both hollow spheres and hierarchical nanosheets show higher photocatalytic activities in the degradation of methyl orange than that of ZnO rods or SnO2.
Photoresponsive Ferroelectric Liquid‐Crystalline Polymers
Authors: Beyer P. , Krueger M. , Giesselmann F. , Zentel R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe photoresponse of ferroelectric smectic side‐chain liquid‐crystalline (LC) polymers containing a photoisomerizable azobenzene derivative as a covalently linked photochromic side group is investigated. By static measurements in different photostationary states, the effect of trans–cis isomerization on the material's phase‐transition temperatures and its ferroelectric properties (spontaneous electric polarization PS and director tilt angle θ) are analyzed. It turns out that the Curie temperature (transition SC* to SA) can be reversibly shifted by up to 17 °C. The molecular mechanism of this “photoferroelectric effect” is studied in detail using time‐resolved measurements of the dye's optical absorbance, the director tilt angle, and the spontaneous polarization, which show a direct response of the ferroelectric parameters to the molecular isomerization. The kinetics of the thermal reisomerization of the azo dye in the LC matrix are evaluated. A comparison to the reisomerization reaction in isotropic solution (toluene) reveals a faster thermal relaxation of the dye in the LC phase.
Synthetische molekulare Motoren und mechanische Maschinen
Authors: Kay Euan R. , Leigh David A. , Zerbetto Francesco 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn der Natur spielen gesteuerte Bewegungen auf molekularer Ebene bei vielen Prozessen eine Schlüsselrolle. Das Schließen der Lücke zwischen der aktuellen Generation synthetischer Verbindungen, bei denen hauptsächlich elektronische und chemische Effekte genutzt werden, und makroskopischen Maschinen, deren Funktionsfähigkeit auf der synchronisierten Bewegung von Maschinenteilen beruht, wäre ein großer Erfolg. Dieses Forschungsgebiet wird derzeit intensiv bearbeitet und wächst außerordentlich schnell. Die ersten Überlegungen zu molekularen Maschinen reichen allerdings weiter zurück in die Vergangenheit, in eine Zeit, in der die Konzepte vom statistischen Verhalten der Materie und die Gesetze der Thermodynamik formuliert wurden. Wir umreißen hier die Erfolgsgeschichte der Bändigung molekularer Bewegungen, der Beherrschung der grundlegenden Prinzipien, an denen sich das Design zu orientieren hat, und der Fortschritte bei der Anwendung synthetischer Systeme, die durch mechanische Bewegung Aufgaben verrichten können. Ferner werden wir auf einige ungelöste Probleme eingehen.
Synthetic Molecular Motors and Mechanical Machines
Authors: Kay Euan R. , Leigh David A. , Zerbetto Francesco 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe widespread use of controlled molecular‐level motion in key natural processes suggests that great rewards could come from bridging the gap between the present generation of synthetic molecular systems, which by and large rely upon electronic and chemical effects to carry out their functions, and the machines of the macroscopic world, which utilize the synchronized movements of smaller parts to perform specific tasks. This is a scientific area of great contemporary interest and extraordinary recent growth, yet the notion of molecular‐level machines dates back to a time when the ideas surrounding the statistical nature of matter and the laws of thermodynamics were first being formulated. Here we outline the exciting successes in taming molecular‐level movement thus far, the underlying principles that all experimental designs must follow, and the early progress made towards utilizing synthetic molecular structures to perform tasks using mechanical motion. We also highlight some of the issues and challenges that still need to be overcome.
Association of the PTPN22 R620W polymorphism with anti–topoisomerase I– and anticentromere antibody–positive systemic sclerosis
Authors: Gourh Pravitt , Tan Filemon K. , Assassi Shervin , Ahn Chul W. , McNearney Terry A. , Fischbach Michael , Arnett Frank C. , Mayes Maureen D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo determine any associations of the PTPN22 R620W single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with systemic sclerosis (SSc) or with anticentromere antibody (ACA)–positive or anti–topoisomerase I (anti–topo I) antibody–positive SSc, in a case–control study of US white, black, Hispanic, and Choctaw Indian individuals.MethodsA total of 850 white, 130 black, 120 Hispanic, and 20 Choctaw Indian patients with SSc were compared with 430 white, 164 black, 146 Hispanic, and 76 Choctaw Indian control subjects, respectively. All subjects were living in the US. PTPN22 SNP (rs2476601) genotyping was performed by TaqMan 5′ allelic discrimination assay and pyrosequencing.ResultsThe PTPN22 CT/TT genotype showed significant association with anti–topo I antibody–positive SSc in white patients (odds ratio [OR] 2.21, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.3–3.7) and with ACA‐positive white patients with SSc (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.1–2.7). Frequency of the PTPN22*T allele also showed significant association with anti–topo I antibody–positive SSc in white patients (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.3–3.2). When data for patients in the 3 ethnic groups (black, white, and Hispanic) were combined, a significant association with both genotype and allele frequencies was observed, suggesting a trend toward association in ACA‐positive and anti–topo I antibody–positive SSc. Stepwise logistic regression analysis (controlled for the confounding effects of sex and race) showed that the PTPN22 CT/TT genotype was associated with a significantly higher risk of SSc compared with the CC genotype (for patients with SSc, OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.2–2.2; for ACA‐positive patients with SSc, OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.0–2.6; for anti–topo I antibody–positive SSc, OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.5–3.7).ConclusionOur results indicate that the PTPN22 R620W polymorphism is associated with ACA‐positive and anti–topo I antibody–positive subsets of SSc and represents a risk factor in both white patients and black patients. The association of subsets of SSc with the PTPN22 R620W polymorphism further strengthens the classification of SSc within the spectrum of autoimmune diseases and strongly suggests the involvement of common susceptibility genes and similarly disordered immunoregulatory pathways.
A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by oral azathioprine for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma
Authors: Hoyles Rachel K. , Ellis Ross W. , Wellsbury Jessica , Lees Belinda , Newlands Pauline , Goh Nicole S. L. , Roberts Christopher , Desai Sujal , Herrick Ariane L. , McHugh Neil J. , Foley Noeleen M. , Pearson Stanley B. , Emery Paul , Veale Douglas J. , Denton Christopher P. , Wells Athol U. , Black Carol M. , du Bois Roland M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectiveThe lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in pulmonary fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc) has hampered an evidence‐based approach to treatment. This RCT was undertaken to investigate the effects of intravenous (IV) cyclophosphamide (CYC) followed by azathioprine (AZA) treatment in pulmonary fibrosis in SSc.MethodsForty‐five patients were randomized to receive low‐dose prednisolone and 6 infusions (monthly) of CYC followed by oral AZA, or placebo. Primary outcome measures were change in percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) and change in single‐breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Secondary outcome measures included changes in appearance on high‐resolution computed tomography and dyspnea scores. An intent‐to‐treat statistical analysis was performed.ResultsAt baseline, there were no significant group differences in factors linked to outcome, including severity of pulmonary fibrosis and autoantibody status. Sixty‐two percent of the patients completed the first year of treatment. Withdrawals included 9 patients (6 from the placebo group) with significant decline in lung function, 2 with treatment side effects (both from the active treatment group), and 6 with non–trial‐related comorbidity. No hemorrhagic cystitis or bone marrow suppression was observed. Estimation of the relative treatment effect (active treatment versus placebo) adjusted for baseline FVC and treatment center revealed a favorable outcome for FVC of 4.19%; this between‐group difference showed a trend toward statistical significance (P = 0.08). No improvements in DLCO or secondary outcome measures were identified.ConclusionThis trial did not demonstrate significant improvement in the primary or secondary end points in the active treatment group versus the group receiving placebo. However, for FVC there was a trend toward statistical significance between the 2 groups. This suggests that treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in SSc with low‐dose prednisolone and IV CYC followed by AZA stabilizes lung function in a subset of patients with the disease. Therapy was well tolerated with no increase in serious adverse events.
Systemic sclerosis in childhood: Clinical and immunologic features of 153 patients in an international database
Authors: Martini Giorgia , Foeldvari Ivan , Russo Ricardo , Cuttica Ruben , Eberhard Anne , Ravelli Angelo , Lehman Thomas J. A. , de Oliveira Sheila Knupp Feitosa , Susic Gordana , Lyskina Galina , Nemcova Dana , Sundel Robert , Falcini Fernanda , Girschick Herman , Lotito Ana Paula , Buoncompagni Antonella , Sztajnbok Flavio , Al‐Mayouf Sulaiman M. , Orbàn Ilonka , Ferri Clodoveo , Athreya Balu H. , Woo Patricia , Zulian Francesco 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the clinical and immunologic features of systemic sclerosis (SSc) in a large group of children and describe the clinical evolution of the disease and compare it with the adult form.MethodsData on 153 patients with juvenile SSc collected from 55 pediatric rheumatology centers in Europe, Asia, and South and North America were analyzed. Demographic, clinical, and immunologic characteristics of children with juvenile SSc at the onset, at diagnosis, and during the disease course were evaluated.ResultsRaynaud's phenomenon was the most frequent symptom, followed by skin induration in ∼75% of patients. Musculoskeletal symptoms were present in one‐third of patients, and the most frequently involved internal organs were respiratory and gastrointestinal, while involvement of renal, cerebral, and cardiovascular systems was extremely rare. Antinuclear antibodies were present in the sera of 81% of patients. Anti–topoisomerase I (Scl‐70) and anticentromere antibodies were found to be positive in 34% and 7.1% of patients, respectively. Involvement of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems was more frequent and occurred earlier in patients who died than in those who survived. Compared with the adult form, juvenile SSc appears to be less severe, with the involvement of fewer internal organs, particularly at the time of diagnosis, and has a less characterized immunologic profile.ConclusionThis study provides information on the largest collection of patients with juvenile SSc ever reported. Juvenile SSc appears to be less severe than in adults because children have less internal organ involvement, a less specific autoantibody profile, and a better long‐term outcome.
Association of a transmembrane polymorphism of Fcγ receptor IIb (FCGR2B) with systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwanese patients
Authors: Chen Ji‐Yih , Wang Chin Man , Ma Chung‐Chun , Luo Shue‐Fen , Edberg Jeffrey C. , Kimberly Robert P. , Wu Jianming 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the possible association of the Fcγ receptor IIb (FcγRIIb) Ile/Thr187 transmembrane domain polymorphism, which significantly affects receptor signaling, with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Taiwanese patients.MethodsWe used matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization−time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry to genotype 351 Taiwanese SLE patients and 372 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals from the same geographic area. Allele frequencies and genotype distributions were compared between the patients and controls, both as an aggregate and as stratified by sex, autoantibody profile, and clinical parameters. A combined analysis was conducted to assess the FCGR2B Thr187 allele as a common risk factor in different ethnic populations.ResultsThe minor Thr187 allele was significantly associated with SLE in Taiwanese subjects (P = 0.017, odds ratio [OR] 1.989 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.119–3.553]). Interestingly, male SLE patients showed enrichment of the Thr/Thr187 genotype (24%; 7 of 29) as compared with female SLE patients (10%; 32 of 322) (P = 0.043, OR 2.884 [95% CI 1.028–7.839]). Additionally, SLE patients with Thr/Thr187 and Ile/Thr187 genotypes were more likely to have pleural effusions (P = 0.038, OR 1.874 [95% CI 1.033–3.411]) and anti‐SSA/Ro antibody production (P = 0.046, OR 2.221 [95% CI 1.013–4.897]). Combined analysis of 4 groups of Asian patients strongly supported the association of the FCGR2B Thr187 allele with the lupus phenotype (P = 0.000159).ConclusionThe FcγRIIb transmembrane polymorphism is a strong disease susceptibility candidate in epistasis with other genetic effects in Taiwanese and other Asian populations. It may also play a more prominent role in male patients with SLE.