bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids Catalyzed by Ruthenium(II) Complexes of Spirobifluorene Diphosphine (SFDP) Ligands
Authors: Cheng Xu , Xie Jian‐Hua , Li Sheng , Zhou Qi‐Lin 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe ruthenium diacetate complexes ligated by chiral spirobifluorene diphosphines (SFDP) were very effective catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of tiglic acid derivatives and α‐methylcinnamic acid derivatives with high activities and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98 % ee). The α‐aryloxybutenoic acids can also be hydrogenated by these catalysts to provide the corresponding saturated α‐aryloxybutanoic acids in high yields (89–93 %) and enantioselectivities (up to 95 % ee). In this reaction, the SFDP ligand with para‐methyl groups on the P‐phenyl rings gave the best results.
Catalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Nitromethane to α′‐Hydroxy Enones as Surrogates of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids and Aldehydes
Authors: Palomo Claudio , Pazos Raquel , Oiarbide Mikel , García Jesús M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractNo base is required for the Mg(II)‐catalyzed conjugate addition of nitromethane to α′‐hydroxy enones in the presence of molecular sieves. Good enantioselectivities are attained using 3 or 4 Å MS and about 10 mol % of Mg(OTf)2‐chiral bisoxazoline complexes. Elaboration of the adducts through oxidative cleavage of the ketol moiety provides an entry to enantioenriched γ‐nitro carboxylic acids, while a sequential carbonyl reduction‐diol oxidation yields the corresponding aldehydes.
Activation of Nucleophilic Fluorination by Salts in Ionic Liquids and in Sulfolane
Authors: Anguille Stéphane , Garayt Maxime , Schanen Vincent , Grée René 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe nucleophilic substitution of PhCCl3 by KF in imidazolium‐type RTILs is faster than in classical organic solvents but it is strongly dependent upon the nature of the counteranion. The addition of bromide salts in substoichoimetric amounts to the [bmim][PF6] solvent strongly accelerates this reaction. Furthermore, it has been discovered that addition of KPF6 to the reaction mixtures strongly activates the nucleophilic fluorination by KF, not only in the [bmim][NTf2] or [bmim][PF6] ionic liquids but also for the reactions performed in sulfolane.
Inhibition of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) hypusination impairs melanoma growth
Authors: Jasiulionis Miriam G. , Luchessi Augusto D. , Moreira Andreia G. , Souza Pedro P. C. , Suenaga Ana P. M. , Correa Mariangela , Costa Carlos A. S. , Curi Rui , Costa‐Neto Claudio M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) undergoes a specific post‐translational modification called hypusination. This modification is required for the functionality of this protein. The compound N1‐guanyl‐1,7‐diaminoheptane (GC7) is a potent and selective inhibitor of deoxyhypusine synthase, which catalyses the first step of eIF5A hypusination process. In the present study, the effects of GC7 on cell death were investigated using two cell lines: melan‐a murine melanocytes and Tm5 murine melanoma. In vitro treatment with GC7 increased by 3‐fold the number of cells presenting DNA fragmentation in Tm5 cells. Exposure to GC7 also decreased viability to both cell lines. This study also describes, for the first time, the in vivo antitumour effect of GC7, as indicated by impaired melanoma growth in C57BL/6 mice. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardioprotection from ischemia‐reperfusion injury due to Ras‐GTPase inhibition is attenuated by glibenclamide in the globally ischemic heart
Authors: Al‐Rashdan Ibrahim , Canatan Halit , Al‐Maghrebi May , Yousif Mariam H. M. , Khan Shah A. , Benter Ibrahim F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe present study was designed to see if acute local inhibition of Ras‐GTPase before or after ischemia (during perfusion) would produce protection against ischemia and reperfusion (I/R)‐induced cardiac dysfunction. The effect of glibenclamide, an inhibitor of cardiac mitochondrial ATP‐sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channels, on Ras‐GTPase‐mediated cardioprotection was also studied. A 40 min episode of global ischemia followed by a 30 min reperfusion in perfused rat hearts produced significantly impaired cardiac function, measured as left ventricular developed pressure (Pmax) and left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Perfusion with Ras‐GTPase inhibitor FPT III before I/R [FPT(pre)], significantly enhanced cardiac recovery in terms of left ventricular contractility.Pmaxwas significantly higher at the end of 30 min reperfusion in FPT(pre)‐treated hearts compared to pre‐conditioned hearts. However, the degree of improvement in left ventricular contractility was significantly less when FPT III was given only after ischemia during reperfusion [FPT(post)]. Combination treatment with FPT III and glibenclamide before I/R resulted in significant reduction of FPT III‐mediated cardioprotection. These data suggest that activation of Ras‐GTPase signaling pathways during ischemia are critical in the development of left ventricular dysfunction and that opening of mitoKATPchannels, at least in part, contributes to cardioprotection produced by Ras‐GTPase inhibition. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformationally Restricted Aza‐BODIPY: Highly Fluorescent, Stable Near‐Infrared Absorbing Dyes
Authors: Zhao Weili , Carreira Erick M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractNovel NIR fluorescent, conformational restricted aza‐dipyrromethene boron difluoride (aza‐BODIPY) dyes were prepared by an efficient process. Such conformational restricted aza‐BODIPY dyes possess intense absorption, strong fluorescence, high chemical and photostability. Additionally, the sharp fluorescence of non‐amine containing aza‐BODIPY dyes is insensitive to solvent polarity.
Expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 immunoreactivity in peripheral and central endings of trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus neurons in the rat
Authors: Pang You Wang , Li Jin‐Lian , Nakamura Kouich , Wu Shengxi , Kaneko Takeshi , Mizuno Noboru 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe major neuronal components of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (Vmes) are primary afferent neurons that convey proprioceptive information from the cranioorofacial regions. In the present study, we examined expression of vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs), VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, in the primary afferent neurons of the Vmes (Vmes neurons) in neonatal and adult rats. VGLUT1 immunoreactivity was detected in the cell bodies of Vmes neurons in neonatal rats younger than 11 days old, but not in older rats. However, in situ hybridization signals for VGLUT1 mRNA were detected in both neonatal and adult rats. No VGLUT2 immunoreactivity was detected in Vmes neurons of neonatal or adult rats. VGLUT1 immunoreactivity was also seen in the peripheral sensory endings on the equatorial regions of intrafusal fibers of muscle spindles in the masseter muscles in both neonatal and adult rats. In adult rats injected with cholera toxin B subunit (CTb) into the masseter nerve, central axon terminals of Vmes neurons were identified on masseter motoneurons within the trigeminal motor nucleus (Vm) by transganglionically and retrogradely transported CTb. VGLUT1‐immunopositive axon terminals in close apposition to CTb‐labeled Vm motoneurons were also detected by dual‐immunofluorescence histochemistry for VGLUT1/CTb. Electron microscopy after dual immunolabeling for VGLUT1/CTb by the VGLUT1/immunoperoxidase and CTb/immunogold‐silver methods further revealed synaptic contact of VGLUT1‐ and CTb‐immunopositive axon terminals upon CTb‐labeled neuronal profiles within the Vm. These data indicate that VGLUT1 is expressed in both the central axon terminals and the peripheral sensory endings of Vmes neurons, although no VGLUT1 immunoreactivity was detectable in the cell bodies of Vmes neurons in adult rats. J. Comp. Neurol. 498:129–141, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystal Structure and Magnetic Behaviour of the New Gadolinium Carboxylates Gd2(ClF2CCOO)6(hypy)2, Gd2(F3CCOO)6(hypy)2, Gd2(F2HCCOO)6(hypy)2 and Gd2(Cl2HCCOO)6(H2O)2(hypy)2
Authors: John Daniela , Urland Werner 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFour complexes with the formulae Gd2(ClF2CCOO)6(hypy)2 (1), Gd2(F3CCOO)6(hypy)2 (2), Gd2(F2HCCOO)6(hypy)2 (3) and Gd2(Cl2HCCOO)6(H2O)2(hypy)2 (4) have been synthesised and characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods at room temperature. The title compounds have been obtained by reaction of the corresponding gadolinium carboxylates with 4‐hydroxypyridine in a solution of ethanol and water. They crystallise in the triclinic space group P$\bar {1}$ (Z = 2) [1: a = 999.8(4) pm, b = 1061.8(5) pm, c = 1283.6(6) pm, α = 91.23(5)°, β = 111.29(5)° and γ = 105.27(5)°; 2: a = 972.4(4) pm, b = 1053.5(5) pm, c = 1252.4(6) pm, α = 94.23(5)°, β = 110.21(5)° and γ = 104.84(5)°; 3: a = 883.3(4) pm, b = 1051.3(4) pm, c = 1284.9(6) pm, α = 100.46(5)°, β = 109.87(5)° and γ = 97.43(5)°; 4: a = 913.7(4) pm, b = 1079.0(5) pm, c = 1137.5(5) pm, α = 93.41(5)°, β = 109.36(5)° and γ = 99.53(5)°]. The crystal structures consist of dinuclear Gd3+–Gd3+ units. The corresponding residuals (all data) for the refined structures are 4.82 % (1), 5.93 % (2), 5.68 % (3) and 4.04 % (4). The magnetic behaviour of the compounds was investigated over the temperature range 1.76–300 K. The magnetic data were interpreted by considering exchange interactions within the dimeric units [Jex = –0.019 cm–1 (1), Jex = –0.034 cm–1 (2), Jex = –0.064 cm–1 (3), Jex = –0.011 cm–1 (4)].(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Simulated effect of a forest road on near‐surface hydrologic response: redux
Authors: Mirus Benjamin B. , Ebel Brian A. , Loague Keith , Wemple Beverley C. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn the work reported here the comprehensive physics‐based Integrated Hydrology Model (InHM) was employed to conduct both three‐ and two‐dimensional (3D and 2D) hydrologic‐response simulations for the small upland catchment known as C3 (located within the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest in Oregon). Results from the 3D simulations for the steep unchannelled C3 (i) identify subsurface stormflow as the dominant hydrologic‐response mechanism and (ii) show the effect of the down‐gradient forest road on both the surface and subsurface flow systems. Comparison of the 3D results with the 2D results clearly illustrates the importance of convergent subsurface flow (e.g. greater pore‐water pressures in the hollow of the catchment for the 3D scenario). A simple infinite‐slope model, driven by subsurface pore‐water pressures generated from the 3D and 2D hydrologic‐response simulations, was employed to estimate slope stability along the long‐profile of the C3 hollow axis. As expected, the likelihood of slope failure is underestimated for the lower pore pressures from the 2D hydrologic‐response simulation compared, in a relative sense, to the higher pore pressures from the 3D hydrologic response simulation. The effort reported herein provides a firm quantitative foundation for generalizing the effects that forest roads can have on near‐surface hydrologic response and slope stability at the catchment scale. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capture of extracellular zinc ions by astrocytes
Authors: Varea Emilio , Alonso‐Llosà Gregori , Molowny Asunción , Lopez‐Garcia Carlos , Ponsoda Xavier 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSynaptic zinc ions released during synaptic transmission interact with pre‐ and postsynaptic neuroreceptors, thus modulating neurotransmission. It is likely that they have to be efficiently cleared from the extracellular milieu to assure subsequent synaptic events. Both neurons and glia are assumed to participate in this clearance by mechanisms that are not fully understood. In this study, electron microscopic zinc cytochemistry has shown zinc‐electrondense particles associated with hippocampal astrocytic membranes frequently found accumulated in stacked lamellae. In cultured astrocytes, the use of zinc fluorochromes and endocytic markers allowed the simultaneous imaging of the capture of extracellular zinc simultaneously to plasma membrane markers; this endocytic process was inhibited by high sucrose concentrations. Finally, electron microscopy of zinc‐loaded and fluorochrome photoconverted cells demonstrated some early events of extracellular zinc capture as well as its late accumulation in lysosome‐like organelles. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Schwann cells and the pathogenesis of inherited motor and sensory neuropathies (Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease)
Authors: Berger Philipp , Niemann Axel , Suter Ueli 
Published: July 2006

AbstractOver the last 15 years, a number of mutations in a variety of genes have been identified that lead to inherited motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN), also called Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT). In this review we will focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that cause the Schwann cell pathologies observed in dysmyelinating and demyelinating forms of CMT. In most instances, the underlying gene defects alter primarily myelinating Schwann cells followed by secondary axonal degeneration. The first set of proteins affected by disease‐causing mutations includes the myelin components PMP22, P0/MPZ, Cx32/GJB1, and periaxin. A second group contains the regulators of myelin gene transcription EGR2/Krox20 and SOX10. A third group is composed of intracellular Schwann cells proteins that are likely to be involved in the synthesis, transport and degradation of myelin components. These include the myotubularin‐related lipid phosphatase MTMR2 and its regulatory binding partner MTMR13/SBF2, SIMPLE, and potentially also dynamin 2. Mutations affecting the mitochondrial fission factor GDAP1 may indicate an important contribution of mitochondria in myelination or myelin maintenance, whereas the functions of other identified genes, including NDRG1, KIAA1985, and the tyrosyl‐tRNA synthase YARS, are not yet clear. Mutations in GDAP1, YARS, and the pleckstrin homology domain of dynamin 2 lead to an intermediate form of CMT that is characterized by moderately reduced nerve conduction velocity consistent with minor myelin deficits. Whether these phenotypes originate in Schwann cells or in neurons, or whether both cell types are directly affected, remains a challenging question. However, based on the advances in systematic gene identification in CMT and the analyses of the function and dysfunction of the affected proteins, crucially interconnected pathways in Schwann cells in health and disease have started to emerge. These networks include the control of myelin formation and stability, membrane trafficking, intracellular protein sorting and quality control, and may extend to mitochondrial dynamics and basic protein biosynthesis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Social stigmatization in patients with cranial and cervical dystonia
Authors: Rinnerthaler Martina , Mueller Joerg , Weichbold Viktor , Wenning Gregor K. , Poewe Werner 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPatients with cranial and cervical dystonia (CCD) suffer from visible involuntary facial, head, and neck movements. Therefore, the social appearance of patients with CCD may be seriously affected and self‐perceived stigma can be a major source of disability. The present study investigated enacted social stigmatization of patients with CCD. In a pilot study, a semantic differential scale for assessment of stigma was constructed and validated. The final scale contained eight items representing personality traits to be rated on a seven‐point scale (−3 negative extreme to 3 positive extreme). Short video sequences (15 seconds) of patients with various types of CCD and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were presented to a sample of 80 biology students (mean age, 19.8 ± 2.3 years). Immediately after presentation of each video sequence, the students were asked to perform stigma ratings. Significant differences between CCD patients and controls were found on all eight items (P < 0.001 for each). CCD patients were rated as less accountable for their actions, less likeable, less trustworthy, less attractive, less self‐confident, more odd and different, more reserved, and more piteous than controls. CCD patients are subject to serious prejudice and enacted stigmatization. There is a need for informing the public about the nature and symptoms of this disorder and a need to support patients to cope with stigmatization. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Vascular endothelial growth factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Bogaert Elke , Damme Philip Van , Van Den Bosch Ludo , Robberecht Wim 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe angiogenic activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is well known. Recently, it has become evident that VEGF is involved in central nervous system physiology and may play a role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. In particular, it may be involved in the mechanism of motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and has been hypothesized to be implicated in the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathies such as occur in the so‐called POEMS syndrome and diabetes. VEGF is also being studied as a possible treatment option in some of these disorders. In this review we critically analyze the data supporting the notion that VEGF is a factor involved in motor neuron degeneration and review the studies linking VEGF to other diseases of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Precursor B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: O'Brien Maureen M. , Lee‐Kim Youngna , George Tracy I. , McClain Kenneth L. , Twist Clare J. , Jeng Michael 
Published: July 2006

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome which can be an inherited congenital disorder or can develop secondary to malignancy, infection, or autoimmune disease. Secondary HLH due to malignancy occurs most commonly with T or NK‐cell lymphoid neoplasms. HLH with B‐cell malignancies is less common and HLH has rarely been described in association with precursor B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL). We report three cases of HLH associated with B‐ALL and review 17 cases of ALL‐associated HLH previously reported in the literature. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:381–383. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinoblastoma and deletion of the long arm of chromosome 13: An underestimated diagnosis?
Authors: Brichard Bénédicte , Chantrain Christophe , Gala Jean‐Luc , Sibille Catherine , Vermylen Christiane , De Potter Patrick 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe report an infant with normal neurological development and phenotype who developed bilateral retinoblastoma (RB). This patient, despite lack of dysmorphic features, demonstrated constitutional abnormality of the long arm of chromosome 13 on standard karyotype. We recommend systematic cytogenetic examinations complemented by fluorescent in situ hybridization as second‐line screening in all patients suspected for hereditary RB despite negative RB1 molecular screening and normal phenotype. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:694–696. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A practical overview of protein disorder prediction methods
Authors: Ferron François , Longhi Sonia , Canard Bruno , Karlin David 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn the past few years there has been a growing awareness that a large number of proteins contain long disordered (unstructured) regions that often play a functional role. However, these disordered regions are still poorly detected. Recognition of disordered regions in a protein is important for two main reasons: reducing bias in sequence similarity analysis by avoiding alignment of disordered regions against ordered ones, and helping to delineate boundaries of protein domains to guide structural and functional studies. As none of the available method for disorder prediction can be taken as fully reliable on its own, we present an overview of the methods currently employed highlighting their advantages and drawbacks. We show a few practical examples of how they can be combined to avoid pitfalls and to achieve more reliable predictions. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors for Complications after Loop Stoma Closure in Patients with Rectal Cancer
Authors: Pokorny Herwig , Herkner Harald , Jakesz Raimund , Herbst Friedrich 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPurposeThis unmatched case control study was undertaken to evaluate factors contributing to surgery‐related complications of loop stoma closure in patients with rectal cancer.MethodsCases were consecutive patients with complications identified from a local registry. Complications were defined as surgery‐related and included 30 days overall mortality. Controls were all other patients with stoma closure from the same population of the registry without the endpoint.ResultsOf the 243 patients, 47 (19%) patients experienced a surgery‐related complication, including 5 patients who died within 30 days after surgery. Significant risk factors in the univariate analysis were supervised operation (odds ratio 0.50; 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.95; P = 0.04), stapled anastomosis (odds ratio 0.40; 95% confidence interval 0.17–0.91; P = 0.04) and using a soft silicone drain (odds ratio 2.03; 95% confidence interval 1.07–3.85; P = 0.04). Using a soft silicone drain (odds ratio 2.17; 95% confidence interval 1.10–4.26; P = 0.03) and stapled anastomosis (odds ratio 0.38; 95% confidence interval 0.15–0.98; P = 0.04) were the only significant predictors in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThe present study in a homogeneous group of patients with rectal cancer as elective indication for temporary loop stoma construction confirms the high complications rate and mortality rate associated with stoma closure. Intraperitoneal drains should be omitted after loop stoma closure.
Holocene Environments and Soil Geomorphology in Midwestern United States
Authors: Ruhe Robert V. 
Published: July 2006

In midwestern United States the most important widespread environmental event during the Holocene about 8000 y.a. was the establishment of an effective precipitation pattern that in part defines the Prairie Peninsula. The pattern occupies a region that is dominated by dry westerly air for 6–9 mo during normal years and for 9–12 mo during drought years. Regional soil geography correlates readily with zones of precipitation effectiveness with Brunizem (Udolls) conforming to the moist, subhumid zone, Chernozem (Boralls, Udolls) relating to the dry, subhumid zone, and Chestnut and Brown soils (Ustolls) fitting the semiarid zone. During the past few thousand years, a climatic reversal has caused encroachment of forest on prairie resulting in the formation of transitional or intergrade soils.In local areas the Holocene is expressed on the land surface by the soil geomorphic unit which is the repetitive occurrence of a sequence of soils on the erosional surface of a hillslope and on the correlative depositional body at the foot and toe of the slope. This unit embraces time, lithology, landscape, and soils and provides a means for mapping the Holocene on the countryside.