bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot-testing the Vietnamese Parental Attitude Scale
Authors: Cheung Monit , Nguyen MyHang Sabrina 
Published: March 2007

English Three factors were extracted from the Vietnamese Parental Attitude Scale: cultural values, parental expectations and communications. Thirty Vietnamese-American parents showed high expectations for school performance, gender equity, respect for teachers, a successful marriage and parental love, but relatively low expectations for Vietnamese language conformity and absolute obedience. French Trois facteurs de l'échelle Vietnamienne d'Attitudes Parentales ont fait l'objet de cette étude: les valeurs culturelles, les attentes des parents et les communications. Trente-cinq parents américains d'origine vietnamienne ont manifestéd'importantes attentes envers la performance scolaire, l'égalitédes genres, le respect envers les professeurs, la réussite du mariage, l'amour entre parents, mais des attentes moins élevées à l'égard du respect de la langue vietnamienne et de l'obéissance absolue. Spanish Se extrajeron tres factores de la Escala Vietnamita de Actitud Parental: valores culturales, expectativas parentales, y comunicaciones. Treinta y cinco padres americano-vietnamitas mostraron tener expectativas escolares altas, igualdad de gé nero, respeto hacia los profesores, éxito matrimonial, amor paterno y materno, pero relativamente bajas expectativas respecto a formación en la lengua vietnamita y obediencia absoluta.
In the Third Space
Authors: Barlow Constance A. 
Published: March 2007

English Utilizing data derived from Indian field instructors, Indian administrators and students, this article considers the experience of Canadian social work practicum students in India within the conceptual framework of Bhabha's Third Space. It concludes with implications for social work international field education. French En s'inspirant de données provenant de superviseurs, d'administrateurs et d'étudiants indiens, cette étude se penche sur l'expérience d'étudiants canadiens en stage de travail social en Inde, et qui se sont inspirés du cadre conceptuel du troisième espace de Bhabha. Cette étude tire des conclusions pour l'enseignement du travail social international. Spanish Se considera la experiencia de trabajo de campo de estudiantes canadienses en la India. Se utilizan los datos derivados de los instructores de campo y administradores de la India, y de los estudiantes mismos. El trabajo de campo estaba enmarcado conceptualmente por el Bhabha's Tercer Espacio. Se concluye con implicaciones para las prácticas de trabajo social en el campo internacional.
Empire in the Hills
Authors: Pradhan Queeny 
Published: March 2007

The article focuses on the transformation of the four hill stations of Simla, Darjeeling, Ootacamund and Mount Abu in the nineteenth century from summer stations to imperial capitals. The taking of hill sites was not uncontested though many official and individual English records convey an impression that it was ‘peaceable’. However, hill sites were not acquired without protracted negotiations with the local rulers. The article has used various lease documents and other incidental references to indicate the tensions involved in acquisition. Early developments are traced to accentuate the large-scale changes wrought in the late nine-teenth century with the declaration of these sites as imperial capitals. The political ramifications of such a move are explored along with the symbolic significance of exodus and its adherence to royal protocol. The main thrust of the argument is that the British were throughout conscious of their position as rulers and every action was calculated to strengthen their hegemonic position. The construction of roads, railways and bridges aimed at showing the ‘awesome’ technological superiority of the English in the eyes of the ‘natives’. While tracing the imperial developments, the article probes the tensions and contradictions of colonial urban development, especially with the coming of the imperial capitals. The earlier appeal of the picturesque was marred by the nature of activities undertaken by the English in the late nineteenth century. The very exclusivity which the English sought for themselves was neutralized by their need to provide urban comforts which involved the use of Indian labour. Congestion and fears of subversion and diseases, which threatened the British in the Indian plains, haunted them in the hills by the twentieth century.
Spontaneous improvement of hematologic abnormalities in patients having juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia with specific RAS mutations
Authors: Matsuda Kazuyuki , Shimada Akira , Yoshida Nao , Ogawa Atsushi , Watanabe Akihiro , Yajima Shuhei , Iizuka Susumu , Koike Kazutoshi , Yanai Fumio , Kawasaki Keiichiro , Yanagimachi Masakatsu , Kikuchi Akira , Ohtsuka Yoshitoshi , Hidaka Eiko , Yamauchi Kazuyoshi , Tanaka Miyuki , Yanagisawa Ryu , Nakazawa Yozo , Shiohara Masaaki , Manabe Atsushi , Kojima Seiji , Koike Kenichi 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Of 11 children with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) carrying RAS mutations (8 with NRAS mutations, 3 with KRAS2 mutations), 5 had a profound elevation in either or both the white blood cells and spleen size at diagnosis. Three patients had no or modest hepatosplenomegaly and mild leukocytosis at presentation but subsequently showed a marked increase in spleen size with or without hematologic exacerbation, for which nonintensive chemotherapy was initiated. The other three patients with NRAS or KRAS2 glycine to serine substitution received no chemotherapy, but hematologic improvement has been observed during a 2- to 4-year follow up. In the third group, all hematopoietic cell lineages analyzed had the RAS mutations at the time of hematologic improvement, whereas DNA obtained from the nails had the wild type. Additionally, numbers of circulating granulocyte-macrophage progenitors were significantly reduced during the clinical course. Thus, some patients with JMML with specific RAS mutations may have spontaneously improving disease.
A new classification of HLA-DRB1 alleles differentiates predisposing and protective alleles for autoantibody production in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Gourraud Pierre-Antoine , Dieudé Philippe , Boyer Jean-Frédéric , Nogueira Leonor , Cambon-Thomsen Anne , Mazières Bernard , Cornélis François , Serre Guy , Cantagrel Alain , Constantin Arnaud 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The HLA-DRB1 gene was reported to be associated with anticitrullinated protein/peptide autoantibody (ACPA) production in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. A new classification of HLA-DRB1 alleles, reshaping the shared epitope (SE) hypothesis, was recently found relevant in terms of RA susceptibility and structural severity.We investigated the relevance of this new classification of HLA-DRB1 SE+ alleles in terms of rheumatoid factor (RF) and ACPA production in a sample of French RA patients.We studied 160 early RA patients included in a prospective longitudinal cohort of French Caucasian patients with recent-onset arthritis. RF, anticyclic citrullinated peptide 2 (anti-CCP2) and antideiminated human fibrinogen autoantibodies (AhFibA) were assessed in all patients at inclusion. The HLA-DRB1 gene was typed by PCR-sequence specific oligonucleotides probes (PCR-SSOP), and SE+ alleles were classified into four groups (S1, S2, S3P, S3D) according to the new classification.The new classification of HLA-DRB1 SE+ alleles distinguishes predisposing and protective alleles for RF, anti-CCP2 or AhFibA production. The presence of S2 or S3P alleles is associated with both RF, anti-CCP2 or AhFibA positivity, whereas the presence of S3D or S1 alleles appears to be protective for RF, anti-CCP2 or AhFibA positivity.The new classification of HLA-DRB1 SE+ alleles is relevant in terms of autoantibody production in early RA patients by differentiating predisposing and protective alleles for RF or ACPA production.
Risk of major adverse perinatal outcomes in women with eating disorders
Authors: Micali Nadia , Simonoff Emily , Treasure Janet 
Published: March 2007

BackgroundLow birth weight, prematurity and higher miscarriage rates have previously been reported in women with eating disorders.AimsTo determine whether women with a history of eating disorders are at higher risk of major adverse perinatal outcomes.MethodsAdjusted birth weight, preterm delivery and miscarriage history were compared in those with a history of eating disorders (anorexia nervosa (n=171), bulimia nervosa (n=199) and both (n=82)) and those with other (n=1166) and no psychiatric disorders (n=10 636) in a longitudinal cohort study.ResultsThe group with bulimia nervosa had significantly higher rates of past miscarriages (relative risk ratio 2.0,P=0.01) and the group with anorexia nervosa delivered babies of significantly lower birth weight than the general population (P=0.01), which was mainly explained by lower pre-pregnancy body mass index. Preterm delivery rates were comparable across groups.ConclusionsWomen with a history of eating disorders are at higher risk of major adverse obstetric outcomes. Antenatal services should be aware of this higher risk.
Impact of hospital consultants' poor mental health on patient
care
Authors: Taylor Cath , Graham Jill , Potts Henry , Candy Jenny , Richards Michael , Ramirez Amanda 
Published: March 2007

SummaryIn a survey of 1794 UK NHS hospital consultants 1308 (73%) responded.
Psychiatric morbidity (General Health Questionnaire—12 score ⩾4) was present
in 32% of responders, who were twice as likely to report drinking hazardous
levels of alcohol, being irritable with patients and colleagues, reducing
their standards of care and intending to retire early (all
P<0.001). Male and mid-aged consultants were also
particularly at risk. Approaches that support consultants to practice
medicine safely throughout their careers are required.
Anterior cingulate grey-matter deficits and cannabis use in
first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Szeszko Philip R. , Robinson Delbert G. , Sevy Serge , Kumra Sanjiv , Rupp Claudia I. , Betensky Julia D. , Lencz Todd , Ashtari Manzar , Kane John M. , Malhotra Anil K. , Gunduz-Bruce Handan , Napolitano Barbara , Bilder Robert M. 
Published: March 2007

BackgroundDespite the high prevalence of cannabis use in schizophrenia, few studies
have examined the potential relationship between cannabis exposure and
brain structural abnormalities in schizophrenia.AimsTo investigate prefrontal grey and white matter regions in patients
experiencing a first episode of schizophrenia with an additional
diagnosis of cannabis use or dependence (n=20) compared
with similar patients with no cannabis use (n=31) and
healthy volunteers (n=56).MethodVolumes of the superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus and
orbital frontal lobe were outlined manually from contiguous magnetic
resonance images and automatically segmented into grey and white
matter.ResultsPatients who used cannabis had less anterior cingulate grey matter
compared with both patients who did not use cannabis and healthy
volunteers.ConclusionsA defect in the anterior cingulate is associated with a history of
cannabis use among patients experiencing a first episode of schizophrenia
and could have a role in poor decision-making and in choosing more risky
outcomes.
The Stigma Scale: development of a standardised measure of the
stigma of mental illness
Authors: King Michael , Dinos Sokratis , Shaw Jenifer , Watson Robert , Stevens Scott , Passetti Filippo , Weich Scott , Serfaty Marc 
Published: March 2007

BackgroundThere is concern about the stigma of mental illness, but it is difficult
to measure stigma consistently.AimsTo develop a standardised instrument to measure the stigma of mental
illness.MethodWe used qualitative data from interviews with mental health service users
to develop a pilot scale with 42 items. We recruited 193 service users in
order to standardise the scale. Of these, 93 were asked to complete the
questionnaire twice, 2 weeks apart, of whom 60 (65%) did so. Items with a
test–retest reliability kappa coefficient of 0.4 or greater were retained
and subjected to common factor analysis.ResultsThe final 28-item stigma scale has a three-factor structure: the first
concerns discrimination, the second disclosure and the third potential
positive aspects of mental illness. Stigma scale scores were negatively
correlated with global self-esteem.ConclusionsThis self-report questionnaire, which can be completed in 5–10 min, may
help us understand more about the role of stigma of psychiatric illness
in research and clinical settings.
Mortality in people with schizophrenia in rural
China
Authors: Ran Mao-Sheng , Chen Eric Yu-Hai , Conwell Yeates , Chan Cecilia Lai-Wan , Yip Paul S. F. , Xiang Meng-Ze , Caine Eric D. 
Published: March 2007

BackgroundLong-term mortality and the risk factors for premature death among
patients with schizophrenia living in rural communities are unknown.AimsTo explore the 10-year mortality and its risk factors among patients with
schizophrenia.MethodWe used data from a 10-year prospective follow-up study (1994–2004) of
mortality among people with schizophrenia, and death registration data
for Xinjin County, Chengdu, China.ResultsThe mortality rate was 2228 per 100 000 person-years during follow-up.
Both all-cause mortality and suicide rates were significantly greater in
male than in female patients. Age at illness onset (>45 years),
duration of illness (⩾10 years), age greater than 50 years, physical
illness, inability to work, male gender, and never having received
treatment were identified as independent predictors of increased
mortality.ConclusionsHigher mortality rates in male patients may contribute to the higher
prevalence of schizophrenia in women compared with men in China. The
findings of risk factors for mortality should be taken into account when
developing interventions to improve outcomes among people with
schizophrenia.
Stigma: ignorance, prejudice or discrimination?
Authors: Thornicroft Graham , Rose Diana , Kassam Aliya , Sartorius Norman 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe term stigma refers to problems of knowledge (ignorance), attitudes
(prejudice) and behaviour (discrimination). Most research in this area has
been based on attitude surveys, media representations of mental illness and
violence, has only focused upon schizophrenia, has excluded direct
participation by service users, and has included few intervention studies.
However, there is evidence that interventions to improve public knowledge
about mental illness can be effective. The main challenge in future is to
identify which interventions will produce behaviour change to reduce
discrimination against people with mental illness.
Using activity data to explore the influence of case-load size
on care patterns
Authors: Burns Tom , Yiend Jenny , Doll Helen , Fahy Tom , Fiander Matthew , Tyrer Peter 
Published: March 2007

BackgroundA limited case-load size is considered crucial for some forms of
intensive case management and many countries have undertaken extensive
reorganisation of mental health services to achieve this. However, there
has been limited empirical work to explore this specifically.AimsTo test whether there is a discrete threshold for changes in intensive
case management practice determined by case-load size.Method‘Virtual’ case-load sizes were calculated for patients from their actual
contacts over a 2-year period and were compared with the proportions of
contacts devoted to medical and non-medical care (as a proxy for a more
comprehensive service model).ResultsThere were 39 025 recordings for 545 patients over 2 years, with a mean
rate of contacts per full-time case manager per month of 48 (range
35–60). There was no variation in the proportion of non-medical contacts
when case-load sizes were over 1:20 but there was a convincing linear
relationship when sizes were between 1:10 and 1:20.ConclusionsCase-load size between 1:10 and 1:20 does affect the practice of case
management. However, there is no support for a paradigm shift in practice
at a discrete level.
Effect of barriers on the Clifton suspension bridge, England, on local patterns of suicide: implications for prevention
Authors: Bennewith Olive , Nowers Mike , Gunnell David 
Published: March 2007

SummaryWe assessed the effect of the installation of barriers on the Clifton suspension bridge, Bristol, England, in 1998 on local suicides by jumping. Deaths from this bridge halved from 8.2 per year (1994–1998) to 4.0 per year (1999–2003; P=0.008). Although 90% of the suicides from the bridge were by males, there was no evidence of an increase in male suicide by jumping from other sites in the Bristol area after the erection of the barriers. This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of barriers on bridges in preventing site-specific suicides and suicides by jumping overall in the surrounding area.
Assessing insight in schizophrenia: East meets
West
Authors: Saravanan Balasubramanian , Jacob K. S. , Johnson Shanthi , Prince Martin , Bhugra Dinesh , David Anthony S. 
Published: March 2007

BackgroundLack of insight has been observed in people with schizophrenia across
cultures but assessment of insight must take into account prevailing
illness models.AimsTo determine whether culturally specific and Western biomedical
interpretations of insight and psychosis can be reconciled.MethodPatients with schizophrenia (n=131) were assessed during
their first contact with psychiatric services in Vellore, South India.
Patients' explanatory models, psychopathology and insight were
investigated using a standard schedule translated into Tamil.ResultsSupernatural explanations of symptoms were frequent. Some insight
dimensions were weakly associated (inversely) with severity of symptoms
whereas preserved insight was associated with anxiety, help-seeking and
perception of change. Willingness to attribute symptoms to disease, in
others and in one's self, but not to supernatural forces was strongly
associated with insight.ConclusionsThe relationship between insight, awareness of illness and other clinical
variables is similar in South India to elsewhere. However, the assessment
of insight might have failed to capture locally accepted explanatory
frameworks. An inclusive conceptual model which emphasises help-seeking
is recommended.
Adult and Pediatric Emergency Department Sexually Transmitted Disease and HIV Screening: Programmatic Overview and Outcomes
Authors: Mehta Supriya D. , Hall Jonathan , Lyss Sheryl B. , Skolnik Paul R. , Pealer Lisa N. , Kharasch Sigmund 
Published: March 2007

Objectives: To measure the prevalence of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among emergency department (ED) patients who accept screening, and to assess treatment outcomes and risks for infection. Methods: Research staff offered voluntary testing for gonorrhea and chlamydia (by urine transcription‐mediated amplification) and HIV (by enzyme immunoassay/Western blot of oral mucosal transudate) to ED patients. Pediatric (15–21 years) and adult (22–29 years) patients were eligible for gonorrhea and chlamydia testing; patients aged 15–54 years were eligible for HIV testing. The authors surveyed behavioral risks of patients accepting HIV testing. Results: From November 2003 to May 2004, 497 of 791 eligible pediatric patients (63%) and 1,000 of 2,180 eligible adult patients (46%) accepted screening for gonorrhea, chlamydia, and/or HIV. There were 41 patients infected with gonorrhea, chlamydia, or both among 380 pediatric patients (10.8%) and 11 of 233 adult patients (4.7%); 14 of 52 patients (27%) were treated presumptively by ED clinicians. Through study efforts, 33 of the 38 remaining patients were treated (90% overall treatment). Eight HIV infections were diagnosed: seven of 969 adult patients (0.7%) and one of 459 pediatric patients (0.2%); five HIV‐infected patients (63%) received test results, and three (38%) attended an HIV clinic. Gonorrhea or chlamydia infection in pediatric patients was associated with multiple sex partners, same‐sex intercourse, and suspicion of sexually transmitted diseases by the ED clinician. Conclusions: The high prevalence of gonorrhea and/or chlamydia infection among pediatric ED patients tested supports consideration of expanded screening. Targeted HIV screening with rapid tests merits exploration in the authors' ED, given the low‐moderate numbers of patients identified through screening, receiving test results, and linked to care.
Determination of Aspirin Responsiveness by Use of Whole Blood Platelet Aggregometry
Authors: Ivandic Boris T , Giannitsis Evangelos , Schlick Philipp , Staritz Peter , Katus Hugo A , Hohlfeld Thomas 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Background: Insufficient platelet inhibition is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk in up to 30% of patients taking regular doses of aspirin. We describe an assay to study aspirin responsiveness.
Methods: We performed impedance aggregometry on diluted whole blood with 1 mg/L collagen and 0.5 mmol/L arachidonic acid (AA). We measured thromboxane B2 (TXB2) by RIA. We examined 66 healthy control individuals, 144 aspirin users with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), and 245 CAD patients treated with aspirin and clopidogrel. Nonresponsive samples were incubated with excess dl-lysinmonoacetylsalicylic acid.
Results: Assay imprecision (CV) was 9.8% and 8.2% at mean (SD) 6-min impedance of 13.7 (2.8) Ω and 13.6 (2.3) Ω for collagen and AA, respectively. Collagen induced stronger aggregation (P = 0.0199) in women [n = 28, 14.6 (2.4) Ω] than in men [n = 38, 13.1 (2.9) Ω], even after sample incubation with 0.1 mmol/L acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or 1 μmol/L terbogrel, a combined inhibitor of thromboxane synthase and receptors. The sex association persisted in aspirin users, but not if clopidogrel was also taken. A 6-min impedance &gt;8 Ω with collagen (mean − 2 SD of the controls) was taken as evidence of nonresponsiveness, particularly if incubation with ASA did not inhibit aggregation further (&gt;2 Ω). Compared with AA, collagen identified more nonresponsive samples among aspirin users (15%) and CAD patients who also received clopidogrel (10%). Incubation with ASA improved inhibition of aggregation in 70% of samples and consistently reduced TXB2 formation during aggregation.
Conclusions: Impedance aggregometry may prove useful to study aspirin responsiveness, and incubation with ASA may help to identify nonresponders and classify resistance.