bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residues of antibiotics and sulfonamides in honeys from Basque Country (NE Spain)
Authors: Bonvehí J Serra , Gutiérrez A Lacalle 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to ensure that Label Basque market honey is free of veterinary residues.RESULTS: A total of 567 Basque honey samples were previously analyzed with the respective Charm II system—68 samples were presumptive positive for sulfonamides (SA‐s), 24 samples for tetracyclines (TC‐s), and no positive samples for chloramphenicol (CAP) (<0.3 µg kg−1) residues. The residues were mostly confirmed by liquid chromatography fluorescence detection (LC‐FD) and tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS), according to the latest European Union criteria for the analyses of veterinary drug residues (2002/657/EC). These techniques confirmed that 19 of the 68 samples, presumptive contaminated with SA‐s, contained sulfathiazole (STZ) residues at levels from 20 to 210 µg kg−1, and the 24 samples presumptive contaminated with TC‐s, were also confirmed, showing tetracycline (TC) levels from 15 to 920 µg kg−1. Linearity range, decision limit (CCα), detection capability (CCβ), precision and reproducibility were also determined.CONCLUSION: Residues of veterinary drugs were confirmed in a very limited number of honey samples: sulfathiazole (3.40%) and tetracycline (4.22%). This work reports the advantages of the Charm II assay, but also its limitations, detecting SA‐s in most (87.7%) of the heather (Erica vagans) honey samples. The false positives detected in this honey were assumed to be of an unknown compound that has not been confirmed as a drug residue. Until now, no studies have been performed to find out if other heather honeys of different geographical origins give similar false positives for SA‐s. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of sulfonamides and trimethoprim using high temperature HPLC with simultaneous temperature and solvent gradient
Authors: Giegold Sascha , Teutenberg Thorsten , Tuerk Jochen , Kiffmeyer Thekla , Wenclawiak Bernd 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA fast HPLC method for the analysis of eight selected sulfonamides (SA) and trimethoprim has been developed with the use of high temperature HPLC. The separation could be achieved in less than 1.5 min on a 50 mm sub 2 μm column with simultaneous solvent and temperature gradient programming. Due to the lower viscosity of the mobile phase and the increased mass transfer at higher temperatures, the separation could be performed on a conventional HPLC system obtaining peak widths at half height between 0.6 and 1.3 s.
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes as solid‐phase extraction materials for the gas chromatographic determination of organophosphorus pesticides in waters
Authors: Ravelo‐Pérez Lidia M. , Hernández‐Borges Javier , Ángel Rodríguez‐Delgado Miguel 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn the present work, a GC method with nitrogen–phosphorus detection (NPD) was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight organophosphorus pesticide (OPP) residues (i.e., ethoprofos, diazinon, chlorpyrifos‐methyl, fenitrothion, malathion, chlorpyrifos, fenamiphos, and buprofezin) in water samples. Preconcentration of the water samples was carried out using an SPE procedure with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) of 10–15 nm od, 2–6 nm id, and 0.1–10 μm length as stationary phase. Extraction parameters, such as the amount of MWCNTs, sample volume, pH, and type and amount of the eluent were optimized. The most favorable conditions were as follows: 40 mg MWCNTs, 800 mL water, pH 6.0, and 20 mL dichloromethane, respectively. The MWCNTs‐SPE‐GC‐NPD method was applied to the determination of these pesticides in real water samples: mineral and ground water as well as run‐off water from an agricultural area collected shortly before opening out onto the sea. A recovery study was developed with five consecutive extractions of the three types of water spiked at three concentration levels (n = 15). Mean recovery values were in the range of 75–116% for mineral water (RSD < 6.3%), 67–119% for ground water (RSD < 5.8%), and 57–81% for run‐off waters (RSDs < 6.9%), except for fenamiphos (mean recovery values between 40 and 84% for the three types of waters, RSDs < 8.9%). LODs were in the low ng/L level (i.e., levels below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by the European Union (EU) legislation for these compounds in waters). The proposed method was also applied to the analysis of six water samples (two of each type: mineral, ground, and run‐off waters) in which no residues of the selected pesticides were found. Results show that the MWCNTs used in this work have a high adsorbability of the pesticides under study. The main advantage of the use of these MWCNTs is their low cost when compared with those MWCNTs previously used in the literature and with conventional SPE cartridges.
Product design rivalry: multiple‐attributes approach to differentiation
Authors: Matsubayashi Nobuo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper studies product design competition between potentially symmetric firms. We specifically employ the multiple‐attributes approach as the method of product design. While various product‐specific attributes contribute to firms' differentiation, they may cause confusion resulting in consumer dissatisfaction. We show that in the presence of these opposite effects and any setup costs for attributes, the differentiation by multiple attributes is beneficial for firms if, and only if they are moderately competitive. We furthermore show that the socially efficient number of attributes can only be sustained when there are not very many firms and the setup cost is low. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of high‐resolution NWP rainfall and river flow forecasts for advance warning of the Carlisle flood, north‐west England
Authors: Roberts Nigel M. , Cole Steven J. , Forbes Richard M. , Moore Robert J. , Boswell Daniel 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOn the 8 January 2005 the city of Carlisle in north‐west England was severely flooded following 2 days of almost continuous rain over the nearby hills. Orographic enhancement of the rain through the seeder–feeder mechanism led to the very high rainfall totals. This paper shows the impact of running the Met Office Unified Model (UM) with a grid spacing of 4 and 1 km compared to the 12 km available at the time of the event. These forecasts, and forecasts from the Nimrod nowcasting system, were fed into the Probability Distributed Model (PDM) to predict river flow at the outlets of two catchments important for flood warning. The results show the benefit of increased resolution in the UM, the benefit of coupling the high‐resolution rainfall forecasts to the PDM and the improvement in timeliness of flood warning that might have been possible. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society, © Crown Copyright 2008.
An analysis of sea surface temperature and maximum potential intensity of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal between 1981 and 2000
Authors: Kotal S. D. , Kundu P. K. , Roy Bhowmik S. K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFrom the consideration of thermal energy, the maximum intensity of tropical cyclones largely depends upon the Sea Surface Temperature (SST). In this paper an empirical relationship between SST and Maximum Potential Intensity (MPI) of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal has been developed using a sample of 60 cyclones from 20 years data (1981–2000). The relationship between SST and MPI is found to be linear. The MPI of each storm is computed using this empirical relationship and compared with observed intensity to examine how close the cyclones come to reaching their MPI. The result shows that about 18% of cyclones reach more than 80% of their MPI and about 38% of cyclones reach more than 50% of their MPI at their peak intensity. In general, cyclones attain about 51% of their MPI. The inter‐seasonal variability shows cyclones in the pre‐monsoon and the post‐monsoon seasons tend to reach a higher percentage of their MPI than in the monsoon season. The inter‐annual variability suggests there is appreciable variation in the yearly average of the ratio of observed maximum intensity to the MPI. The MPI could provide useful information to a forecaster about the possible extreme intensity of tropical cyclones, which has direct relevance to disaster management preparedness. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Predicting daily total ozone over Kolkata, India: skill assessment of different neural network models
Authors: Chattopadhyay Goutami , Chattopadhyay Surajit 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper explores the observation made by the Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (EP/TOMS) to analyse the predictability of daily total ozone concentration over Kolkata, India. Latitude, longitude, aerosol index, reflectivity, sulphur dioxide index and total ozone concentration of a given day have been used as independent variables to predict total ozone concentration of the next day. Artificial neural network in the forms of a multilayer perceptron, generalized feed forward neural network, a radial basis function network and a modular neural network have been trained to generate predictive models. Performances of the models in the test cases have been judged with the help of four statistical parameters. Finally the models have been compared with multiple linear regression and the potential of generalized feed forward neural network has been established over the other proposed models. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Assessment of dietary fiber fermentation: Effect of Lactobacillus reuteri and reproducibility of short‐chain fatty acid concentrations
Authors: Stewart Maria L. , Savarino Vincenzo , Slavin Joanne L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis investigation had two aims: (i) to determine the reproducibility of SCFA production of two fibers: wheat dextrin and inulin, in two separate in vitro batch fermentation systems, and (ii) to determine if the addition Lactobacillus reuteri, a probiotic bacterium, enhanced the fermentation of wheat dextrin, inulin, and psyllium using in vitro batch fermentation. Samples were removed at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. SCFAs were measured by GC. L. reuteri improved inulin's fermentation profile by reducing the total SCFA peak at 4 h and enhancing fermentation at 8 and 12 h. Wheat dextrin and psyllium were largely unaffected. Wheat dextrin's total SCFA and propionate production curves were steady and replicable, but concentration values varied between fermentations. Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) and wheat dextrin had similar fermentation patterns from 0–8 h, but PHGG plateaued at 8 h for all measures. Psyllium produced peak SCFA concentrations at 8 h, similar to inulin. L. reuteri could be combined with inulin for enhancing fermentation, but it does not improve wheat dextrin or psyllium fermentation. Wheat dextrin will likely produce similar physiological within a group of individuals due to the reproducibility of fermentation.
Gastrointestinal absorption and metabolism of soy isoflavonoids in ileal‐canulated swine
Authors: Walsh Kelly R. , Haak Sara J. , Fastinger Nathan D. , Bohn Torsten , Tian Qingguo , Mahan Donald C. , Schwartz Steven J. , Failla Mark L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe relative contribution of the small intestine to absorption and microbial metabolism of ingested isoflavonoids (IFN) was investigated in swine with canulae in distal ilea to facilitate collection of chyme (canula open). Weaned swine were fed a single meal containing ground roasted soybean and corn with canulae open followed by a second test soy diet at 48 h with canulae closed to allow passage of chyme into the large intestine. All remaining feedings were soy‐free (corn–casein diet). Ileal effluent and urine were collected for 16 and 48 h, respectively, and analyzed for IFN and microbial metabolites of IFN. IFN in ileal effluent were present entirely as aglycones. IFN equivalents excreted for 24 h after ingesting the soy diet were not significantly different when canulae were open or closed. Urinary IFN aglycone equivalents on day 2 were similar to those on day 1 when canulae remained closed, but less than 10% of that on day 1 when canulae were open for 16 h postfeeding. Urinary concentrations of dihydrodaidzein, dihydrogenistein, O‐desmethylangolensin, and equol exceeded IFN aglycone equivalents. These findings suggest extensive preabsorptive conversion of IFN glucosides to aglycones in the small intestine and relatively efficient microbial metabolism of IFN in weaned swine.
1H and 13C NMR assignments of two new indolic enamide diastereomers from a mangrove endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp.
Authors: Lin Zhenjian , Zhu Tianjiao , Fang Yuchun , Gu Qianqun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTerpeptin A (1) and B (2), two new members of the indolic enamides, along with three known compounds (3–5) were identified from a strain of Aspergillus sp. (w‐6), an endophytic fungus associated with Acanthus ilicifolius. The complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments for these compounds were carried out using 1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC NMR experiments. Terpeptin A and B exhibited modest cytotoxicity against A‐549 cell line. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematical homogenization of nonperiodic heterogeneous media subjected to large deformation transient loading
Authors: Fish Jacob , Fan Rong 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe present a generalization of the classical mathematical homogenization theory aimed at accounting for finite unit cell distortions, which gives rise to a nonperiodic asymptotic expansion. We introduce an auxiliary macro‐deformed configuration, where the overall Cauchy stress is defined, and nonperiodic boundary conditions. Verification studies against a direct numerical simulation demonstrate the versatility of the proposed method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein signaling pathways in differentiation of neural stem cells
Authors: Skalnikova Helena , Vodicka Petr , Pelech Steven , Motlik Jan , Gadher Suresh Jivan , Kovarova Hana 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSC) capable of differentiating into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are a promising source of cells for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. Access to signaling proteins present in such cells in low copies and with specific regulatory functions has been very restrictive until now as judged by classical proteomic approaches and limitations due to scarcity of stem cell populations. Hence, we utilized the Kinex™ Antibody Microarray analysis where profiles of the proliferating porcine NSC and differentiated counterparts were compared and selected changes were verified by immunoblotting. Differentiated neural cells exhibited an increased level of RafB proto‐oncogene‐encoded protein‐serine kinase, MAP kinase protein‐serine kinase 3, heme oxygenase 2 (HO2) and protein phosphatase 4 catalytical subunit. On the other hand, relatively high level of G protein‐coupled receptor‐serine kinase 2 and enhanced phosphorylations of αB‐crystallin (S45), protein‐serine kinase C gamma (T655), protein‐serine kinase D (PKCμ; S738+S742) together with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) (S51) raised intriguing questions as regards their potential functionality within stem cells. In‐depth study of HO2 and phospho‐S45 αB‐crystallin confirmed expression profiles and intense cytoplasmic localization of HO2 in neurons but a weaker signal in glial cells. Phospho‐S45 αB‐crystallin was localized in nuclei of differentiated neural cells. Computer simulation of possible interaction network connecting regulated proteins, exposed additional relationships including direct interactions of HO2 with amyloid precursor protein or huntingtin‐associated protein 1.
Quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics reveal novel insights into complexity and dynamics of the EGFR signaling network
Authors: Morandell Sandra , Stasyk Taras , Skvortsov Sergej , Ascher Stefan , Huber Lukas A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB1/Her1) belongs to the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and is a key player in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and migration. Overexpression and mutational changes of EGFR have been identified in a variety of human cancers and the regulation of EGFR signaling plays a critical role in tumor development and progression. Due to its biological significance the EGFR signaling network is a widely used model system for the development of analytical techniques. Novel quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics approaches play an important role in the characterization of signaling pathways in a time and stimulus dependent manner. Recent studies discussed in this review provide new insights into different aspects of EGFR signal transduction, such as regulation and dynamics of its phosphorylation sites, association with interaction partners and identification of regulated phosphoproteins. Correlation of data from functional proteomics studies with results from other fields of signal transduction research by systems biology will be necessary to integrate and translate these findings into successful clinical applications.
Measurement of maximal inspiratory pressure in ventilated children
Authors: Harikumar Gopinathannair , Moxham John , Greenough Anne , Rafferty Gerrard F. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMaximal inspiratory pressure (PIMAX), the maximum negative pressure generated during temporary occlusion of the airway, is commonly used to measure inspiratory muscle strength in mechanically ventilated infants and children. There are, however, no guidelines as to how the PIMAX measurement should be made. We compared the maximum inspiratory pressure generated during airway occlusion (PIMAXOCC) to that when a unidirectional valve (PIMAXUNI), which allowed expiration, but not inspiration was used. Twenty‐two mechanically ventilated children (mean (SD) age 4.8 (4.5) years) were studied. Three sets of end expiratory occlusions were performed for each method in random order. The expired volume during PIMAXUNI was assessed and related to the functional residual capacity (FRC) measured using a helium dilution technique.The mean (SD) PIMAXUNI (45.5 (15.2) cmH2O) was significantly greater than mean (SD) PIMAXOCC (30.9 (9.0) cmH2O) (P < 0.0001). The mean (SD) expired volume during PIMAXUNI, was 98 ml (62.3), a mean reduction in FRC of 33.1% (SD 13.9). There were no significant differences between techniques in the baseline respiratory drive, the number of efforts required and the time to reach PIMAX. Regardless of technique, PIMAX was reached in 10 inspiratory efforts or 15 sec of airway occlusion.A unidirectional valve allowing expiration, but not inspiration yields greater PIMAX values in children. Occlusions should be maintained for 12 sec or eight breaths (99% CI of mean). Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1085–1091. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of incident methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus detection on pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sawicki Gregory S. , Rasouliyan Lawrence , Pasta David J. , Regelmann Warren E. , Wagener Jeffrey S. , Waltz David A. , Ren Clement L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe incidence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is increasing in cystic fibrosis (CF), but the impact of MRSA detection on clinical outcomes is unclear. Our objective was to determine whether incident detection of MRSA is associated with a change in pulmonary function over time in CF patients. We analyzed data from the Epidemiologic Study of Cystic Fibrosis (ESCF), a prospective observational study of CF patients in North America. Multivariable piecewise linear regression was used to model the impact of incident detection of MRSA on pulmonary function over time, measured by percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1% predicted), adjusting for potential confounders. There were 5,090 patients ≥6 years old who were MRSA negative for at least 2 calendar years. Five hundred ninety‐three (12%) of these patients acquired MRSA during the years 2001–2003, with detection rates of MRSA during those years rising from 4.4% to 6.9%. MRSA positive patients had a lower FEV1% predicted and received more antibiotic and other therapies than patients who remained MRSA negative. After adjusting for antibiotic therapy and other potential confounders, MRSA positive patients also had a higher rate of decline in FEV1% predicted both before and after the incident culture, although the rate of FEV1% predicted decline did not change significantly after MRSA detection. In conclusion, although MRSA in CF was a marker for more aggressive therapy and may reflect increased disease severity, incident MRSA detection was not associated with a changing rate of FEV1% predicted decline. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1117–1123. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Class of Energetic Compounds – Ammonium Nitriminotetrazolates
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Laub Hans A. , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: October 2008

Abstract1‐Methyl‐5‐nitriminotetrazole (1) and 2‐methyl‐5‐nitraminotetrazole (2) obtained by nitration of 1‐methyl‐5‐aminotetrazole (3) and 2‐methyl‐5‐aminotetrazole (4) were deprotonated using aqueous ammonia solution yielding the energetic compounds, ammonium 1‐methyl‐5‐nitriminotetrazolate (5) and ammonium 2‐methyl‐5‐nitriminotetrazolate (6). The nitrogen‐rich salts were tested and characterized comprehensively using vibrational spectroscopy (Infrared (IR) and Raman), multinuclear (1H, 13C, 14N, and 15N) NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The molecular structures in the crystalline state were determined using low temperature single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The thermal behavior and the decompositions were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gas IR spectroscopy. The heats of formation were calculated using bomb calorimetric measurements. In addition, the relevant detonation parameters, like the detonation pressure and velocity of detonation were calculated using the software EXPLO5 outperforming the values of TNT. Last but not least the sensitivities were determined using BAM methods showing moderate values against impact and friction (drophammer and friction tester) and the long‐term stabilities were tested using Flexy Thermal safety calorimetry (TSC). X‐ray crystallography: 5: monoclinic, P21/c, a=370.06(2) pm, b=2079.06(9) pm, c=859.69(5) pm, β=99.120(5)°, V=65306(6) pm3, Z=4, ρcalc=1.639 g cm−3; 6: monoclinic, P21, a=365.39(2) pm, b= 788.82(5) pm, c=1124.95(7) pm, β=91.818(6), V=32408(3) pm3, Z=2, ρcalc=1.651 g cm−3.