bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Colchicine as a Chromosome Doubling Agent for Wheat‐Rye Hybrids as Influenced by pH, Method of Application, and Post‐Treatment Environment
Authors: Taira Tomoaki , Shao Z. Z. , Hamawaki H. , Larter E. N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHybrids of wheat (Triticum durum) × rye (Secale montanum) (2n = 21) were treated with a 0.06 % solution of colchicine. In the induction of fertile plants, fertile spikes, and seed‐set per spike, the root immersion technique was 21.7 %, 14.1 %, and 4.4 % respectively more effective than the use of the inverted vial. Colchicine solutions ranging in pH from 3.5 to 7.5 with the root immersion technique reached the highest frequencies of fertile (or partially fertile) hybrids (77.7 %), and fertile spikes (68.9 %) at a pH 5.5 used for the treatment, although the highest overall percentage of large Q seeds resulted from treatments at low pH (3.5). The overall mean frequency of induced fertile plants was six‐fold higher when treated in a growth chamber (19/15 °C day/night temperature and 18 h photoperiod) compared to treatments conducted in a greenhouse. The frequency of euploidy (2n = 42) was found to be highest in the large seed class and lowest, i.e. just about 50 %, in the class of small seeds.
Endopeptidase EP‐1 as a Marker for the Eyespot Resistance Gene Pch‐1 from Aegilops ventricosa in Wheat Line ‘H‐93‐70’
Authors: Vahl Ute , Müller G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBiochemical marker endopeptidase EP‐1 was used to determine that an eyespot resistance gene, transferred from Aegilops ventricosa to the hexaploid wheat line ‘H‐93‐70’ is located on the long arm of the chromosome 7D.
Methods for Selection of Low‐Temperature Tolerant Mutants of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Using Irradiated Cell Suspension Cultures II. Preselection in vitro under Low‐Temperature Stress
Authors: Preil W. , Huitema J. B. M. , De Jong J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effect of in vitro cold treatment (+6°C, 90 days) on selection of low‐temperature tolerant (LTT) mutants was investigated using X‐irradiated (15 Gy and 20 Gy) and non‐irradiated cell suspensions of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. ‘Parliament’. Low temperature reduced significantly the number of regenerating calli, especially in the irradiated cultures. After the end of the cold stress 684, 197 and 54 plants were obtained from the 0 Gy, 15 Gy and 20 Gy treated cultures, respectively. Testing these plants in the greenhouse (+12 °C, winter low‐light) most of the early flowering variants were selected from the 15 Gy population.
Segregation Pattern of Decumbent, Climbing and Bushy Growth Habits in Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
Authors: Uguru M. I. , Uzo J. O. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractF1 and F2 data from crosses of cowpea accessions with three different growth forms showed that the inheritance of growth habit is governed by two allelic pairs, AA and BB. The genetic ratio obtained implicated a modifier gene interaction in which the genotype A‐B‐ has the decumbent growth habit; the genotype aaB‐ has the climbing and aabb has the bushy habit. While the decumbent growth habit was dominant and epistatic over the climbing habit, the decumbent and the climbing growth forms were each monogenically dominant over the bushy habit.
Donor Plant Growth Conditions and Regeneration of Fertile Plants from Somatic Embryos Induced on Immature Zygotic Embryos of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Jeannin G. , Hahne G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractImmature zygotic embryos of the sunflower inbred line ‘Ha 300’, cultivated on a modified MS medium containing 6‐benzyladenine and a high amount of sucrose, regenerated fertile plants via direct somatic embryogenesis. Plant regeneration from immature sunflower embryos is generally characterized by a relatively high experimental variability resulting from the interactions of multiple factors. We present here a study of some of the factors acting on the donor plants and their influence on the capacity to regenerate plants.Repeated experiments during a 2‐year period with greenhouse‐grown as well as field‐grown plants led to the following conclusions: (i) The use of pesticides, unavoidable in the greenhouse, is compatible with routine regeneration of fertile plants, (ii) The plant growth retardants tested were useful for the production of healthy plants in the greenhouse and had no effect on the regeneration capacity.
Critical Discussion on Abortive Interspecific Crosses in Brassica
Authors: Nishiyama I. , Sarashima M. , Matsuzawa Y. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn most interspecific hybridization among diploid Brassica species (n = 8, 9, 10), few or no hybrids are obtained, and the three crosses of tetraploid (n = 17, 18, 19) by diploid species are usually only partially successful, especially in one of the reciprocal crosses. Such a cross‐incompatibility complex is explained in this paper by a polar‐nuclei activation (PNA) hypothesis which proposes two reversible functions, a normal reproduction and a sexual barrier, of double fertilization in higher plants. The first, i.e. the relative activating value (AV) of diploid species, was estimated as 1.0–3.5, whereas that of tetraploid species was 2.7–5.2. In addition, crosses with a polar nuclei activation index (AI) of about 15–87 % were compatible but those beyond the two limits were incompatible, 50 % of those showing normal seed development after self‐pollination.
Genetic Variation in Commercial Varieties and Natural Populations of Sheep's Fescue, Festuca ovina s.l.
Authors: Weibull P. , Ghatnekar L. , Bengtsson B. O. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGenetic variation in two commercial varieties, ‘Liwally’ and ‘Barok’, and two Swedish natural populations of sheep's fescue, Festuca ovina s.l., was studied by means of starch gel electrophoresis. Variation in allele frequencies was found at the Dial, Gpi2, Got2, Pgdl, Pgm, Tpil and Tpi2 loci. ‘Liwally’, belonging to ssp. vallesiaca, showed clear differences compared to the other samples which belong to ssp. capillata and ssp. vulgaris. Genetic diversity, as measured by per cent polymorphic loci, number of alleles per locus and frequency of heterozygotes, was high in all samples in agreement with what has been found in other perennial, outcrossing mono‐cotyledonous species with a wide distribution. The bred varieties and the wild populations did not statistically differ with respect to frequency of heterozygotes or number of alleles, though the last value was lower in the domesticated lines than in the natural populations. No significant deviation from the expected Hardy‐Weinberg proportions was found in any of the samples.
Confirmation of a 4BL/5RL Wheat‐Rye Chromosome Translocation Line in the Wheat Cultivar ‘Viking’ Showing High Copper Efficiency
Authors: Schlegel R. , Werner T. , Hülgenhof E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe N‐ and C‐banding patterns of the chromosomes of the hexaploid wheat cultivar ‘Viking’, and the hairy‐necked line derived from it, were described. Except for chromosome 4B (formerly 4A), no significant variation in banding patterns were found between the two genotypes. In addition to a 5BS.7BS (5BL.7BL) translocation in both genotypes, the presence of a small 5RL rye segment in a terminal position on the long arm of chromosome 4B was suggested by banding and confirmed by meiotic analysis, and by the hairy neck marker as well as by rye‐specific leaf esterase bands in the translocation line. The translocation breakpoint is presumed to be located in the distal 4BL2.2 and/or 5RL2.3 band. The hairy‐necked ‘Viking’ was shown to be copper efficient. Its utilization in wheat breeding programmes is proposed.
Performance Studies in F6 Lines of Autotetraploid Fenugreek
Authors: Singh J. , Raghuvanshi S. S. , Singh A. K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHybridization followed by pedigree selection was carried out between two autotetraploid strains of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum L.). Morphological and cytological investigations were carried out in two autotetraploid parents, their F1 hybrids and F6 lines derived from F1 after selfing. Cytomorphological data of F6 lines were compared with those of F1, hybrids and of their parents. The hybrid plants were intermediate with respect to different vegetative traits, however, they showed increased seed set as compared to their autotetraploid parents. The mean pod number per plant in F6 was one and half times as high as one of the high yielding tetraploid parents and approximately twice as high as that of F1 hybrid. Meiosis in F6 was more regular than in F, and the parents. Thus, hybridization followed by pedigree selection is helpful not only in regularizing the meiotic behavior, but vigour and seed fertility have also improved in autotetraploid fenugreek.
Genetics of Seed Yield and Its Components in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of Andean Origin
Authors: Singh S. P. , Teran H. , Molina A. , Gutierrez J. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAdditive genetic variance in large‐seeded common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), mostly of Andean South American origin, was higher than nonadditive variance for all traits. Heritability was 0.43 ± 0.19 for yield, 0.49 ± 0.20 for pods/m2, 0.63 ± 0.21 for seeds/m2, 0.76 ± 0.23 for 100‐seed weight, and 0.55 ± 0.22 for days to maturity. Expected gain from selection (expressed in percentage of the population mean) was 9.2 for yield, 12.8 for pods/m2, 21.0 for seeds/m2, 17.6 for 100‐seed weight, and 4.6 for days to maturity.
A New Approach for Screening Peas (Pisum sativum L.) for Yield Capacity
Authors: Rydberg Ingrid 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEfficient nitrogen fixation by legumes has been proved to be important for yield of dry matter. A search was made for easily‐measurable characteristics associated with efficient fixation in young pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) which could be used in a selection programme for high yield. Altogether, 17 characteristics were investigated in 120 breeding lines of pea grown in a liquid solution. Of these characteristics, the protein content of the three upper leaves in a 30‐day‐old plant showed the best correlation with yield capacity. The correlation was also good (r = 0.32—0.94), when samples from the 3 upper leaves were taken in field‐grown material. The protein content of the 3 uppermost leaves can be used to reject genotypes that have low initial nitrogen fixation and thereby low yield capacity. This will increase the possibility of testing lines for other agriculturally important characters.
Selection for Seedling Emergence Using a Glasshouse Test in Pearl Millet*
Authors: Witcombe J. R. , Soman P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDespite a fovourable environment during seed filling, ripening and harvest, and good storage conditions subsequent to harvest, there is variation for the ability of seeds of progeny of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) composites to emerge under favourable conditions in pots, or in the field. Seedling emergence in pots and in the field was found to be a heritable trait in at least two of four composites that had not been specifically constructed for improvement of seedling emergence. The predicted genetic advance from selection for ability to emerge in pots is appreciable. From examination of genotypic correlations, there will be smaller but useful gains over selection cycles in ability to emerge in the field by selection for improved emergence in pots. Direct selection under carefully controlled conditions in the field will produce higher gains, but is more resource consuming than a pot test.We conclude that screening progenies in a pot test in a glasshouse and discarding progenies with poor emergence before a field progeny trial will reduce missing plots due to poor seedling emergence. Selection for improved emergence in pots should lead to an appreciable improvement in seedling emergence in the field over cycles of selection. The pot test is, therefore, a cost effective selection method for the important trait of high seedling emergence.
The Level of Field Resistance to Bremia lactucae in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Cultivars Carrying the Resistance Gene Dm11
Authors: Lebeda A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractForty‐one lettuce cultivars (butterhead type), carrying race‐specific resistance gene Dm11 in combination with some others, were studied for field resistance to Bremia lactucae. Significant differences in the level of field resistance were revealed. Most of the cultivars under study were highly susceptible under field conditions. There are evident relationships between combinations of race‐specific Dm genes and field resistance. The cultivars with gene combinations Dm2, Dm3 and Dm11 are susceptible. A very high level of field resistance was detected in the cultivars with combination of genes Dm5/8, Dm6 and Dm16 (cvs. ‘Celia’, ‘Katanga’ and ‘Musette’). This is in close link with their Lactuca serriola origin and a high level of field resistance in progenitors.
Gene for Resistance to Barley Mild Mosaic Virus in German Winter Barley Located on Chromosome 3L
Authors: Kaiser Renate , Friedt W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn order to identify the chromosome arm carrying a gene for resistance to barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) in German winter barley cultivars, a line trisomic for the long arm of chromosome 3 (telo‐trisomic 3L) was crossed to the resistant cvs. ‘Sonate’ and ‘Ogra’. Results of tests for BaMMV reaction in the F2 indicate that the gene for resistance in German cultivars is located on the long arm of chromosome 3.
Measuring the Severity of Eyespot Disease Induced by Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton in Wheat Cultivars at Different Growth Stages
Authors: Lind V. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFrom the total soluble protein of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton, specific proteins were isolated and used as antigens. One antiserum proved to be highly sensitive and was used for quantitative determination of eyespot severity in 16 wheat cultivars. The detection limit in ELISA was calculated as 2.2 μg total fungus protein per ml plant sap. From anthesis, genotypes showed the most characteristic and reliable differentiation for a longer period of time, viz. at growth stages 60 and 75. These quantitative differences could be more successfully demonstrated with ELISA than with eye‐spot scoring. There was, however, a close correlation between both traits. The most resistant genotypes carried the gene Pch‐1 with the resistance originating from ‘Capelle Desprez’. Some genotypes originating from this cultivar showed rather low levels of susceptibility, which might be explained by additional effects of the genotypic background.
The Potential for Exploiting Variation in Salinity Tolerance in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke)
Authors: Ashraf M. , McNeilly T. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstrctShoot and root growth and plant dry weight were determined for twenty four accessions of pearl millet, Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke, after two weeks growth in saline solution culture at EC 20 dS m‐1. The EC was achieved using NaCl + CaCl2 1:1 by weight in solution culture. Although salinity markedly inhibited growth of all accessions, three, 93613, KAT/PM‐2 Kitui, and Kitui local produced significantly greater dry matter, and they and 93612 had longer shoots than the other accessions. Accessions WCA 78 and Bulk 7704 were highly sensitive to salinity in all 3 characters measured. There was considerable variation between the 24 accessions, suggesting that selection for increased tolerance to salinity in pearl millet should be possible. This was examined using normal seed of the cultivar Al/3. A first cycle of selection screened 16,000 seeds after 15 days growth in nutrient solution at EC 26 dS m‐1. 106 individuals were selected to form the S1 selection line. Selected seedlings were grown to maturity and polycrossed.In a second cycle of selection, 30,000 S1 polycross progeny were screened as previously, but at EC 30 dS m‐1. A selection intensity of 0.08% was achieved. The selected plants were again grown to maturity and again polycrossed.Efficiency of the selection procedure was assessed from comparison in sand culture of the performance of the selected line with the unselected Al/3 line and Kitui local which from the previous assessment of the 24 accessions was rated as relatively salinity tolerant. The selection line was superior to the other two lines at four salinity levels. The results of this study suggest that further improvement in salinity tolerance in pearl millet may be expected from further selection and breeding, using the methods described here.
Test Systems for Evaluating Quantitative Resistance Against Fusarium Foot Rot in Inbred Lines of Winter Rye
Authors: Höxter Henriette , Sieber Gerlinde , Miedaner T. , Geiger H. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe first results of three test systems for evaluating the susceptibility of rye inbred lines to foot rot caused by Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum are presented. The test systems were specifically designed for greenhouse, foliar tent and field experiments. The inbred lines, some of which are being used in commercial hybrids, showed significant variation for resistance. Significant interactions occurred between genotypes and test systems, and within the test systems between genotypes and years or growth stages. A significant correlation existed between susceptibility in the greenhouse and in the field (r = 0.84, P = 0.05), when inoculation in the greenhouse took place at the jointing stage (EC 31). In earlier growth stages, however, this correlation was not significant. In both greenhouse and foliar tent experiments, susceptibility to F. culmorum and F. graminearum was strongly correlated (r = 0.71, 0.87, resp., P = 0.01). In the field, F. culmorum alone was used for artificial inoculation. Genotypic variance and repeatability in the field were highest after inoculation in spring with conidia suspensions. It is concluded that, in inbreeding generations with limited seed quantities, the greenhouse and the foliar‐tent test systems offer good possibilities of indirectly improving foot‐rot resistance in rye.
Genetic Variability for Grain Yield and Protein Content in Barley and Its Modification by Net Blotch
Authors: Arabi M. I. , Sarrafi A. , Barrault G. , Albertini L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractProtein content, yield and 1000‐grain weight of healthy and net blotch‐diseased plants were studied in a diallel cross programme concerning nine different varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). F1 hybrids and their parents were grown in the field in two randomized block design experiments each with three replications (three inoculated and three non‐inoculated plots). General and specific combining abilities were determined for yield, protein percentage, 1000 grain weight, protein yield, and non‐protein yield. A high genetic variability for the traits studied was observed. Non‐protein yield and 1000‐grain weight decreased significantly in inoculated plants where protein yield was not affected. Significant general and specific combining abilities were observed for all traits. Values for general and specific combining abilities were, in some cases, significantly modified by net blotch of barley. This indicates that attention must be paid to the danger of drawing conclusions in quantitative genetics studies dealing with both diseased and healthy plants.
Radiation‐Induced Nullisomy in Hordeum vulgare L.
Authors: Ahmad H. , Khawaja H. I. T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA plant with drastically reduced vigour was observed in a population of diploid barley (Hordeum vulgare) raised from seeds exposed to gamma radiation. Cytological studies revealed that the plant was nullisomic with 2n = 12. At meiosis, regular formation of 6 bivalents was observed. The plant was totally sterile and produced neither stainable pollen nor seed.
Agronomic Traits and Chromosome Behavior of Autotetraploid Sorghums
Authors: Luo Y. W. , Yen X. C. , Zhang G. Y. , Liang G. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe agronomic performance and chromosome behavior of autotetraploid sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] inbreds and F1 hybrids were investigated. Autotetraploids have possible commercial use and can serve as bridging species in crosses to natural tetraploids. Autotetraploid sorghum inbreds (2n = 40) had higher kernel weight, seed yield, and protein and amino acid content than their diploid counterparts. Stalk height and panicle length of the autotet‐raploids, however, were not different from those of the diploids, and seed set of autotetraploids was lower in early generations. Seed set of autotetraploid Ft hybrids was related to and higher than that of the autotetraploid parental inbred lines. Frequency of quadrivalents, anaphase I and II laggards, and quartet micronuclei varied among autotetraploids. Frequency of quadrivalents did not appear to be an important factor in seed set nor was it significantly associated with frequency of laggards. Aneuploids (2n = 39, 41) had higher percentages of laggards and micronuclei than did euploids (2n = 40). Methods of pollination significantly affected seed set in autotetraploid S4 lines. Differences in seed set among autotetraploid lines indicated the feasibility of selecting for lines with high seed set and utilizing those lines for hybrid production.
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.): Mapping the Genes for Nematode Resistance and Hypocotyl Colour
Authors: Uphoff H. , Wricke G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was adapted for segregation analysis in sugar beet. 83 IO/I individuals were scored with a set of 20 arbitrary decamer primers. 4 preliminary linkage groups could be established, enclosing 9 RAPD markers, 2 isozyme loci, a gene for the hypocotyl colour and a gene for resistance to the root knot nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm.).
New Sources of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Tolerant Land Races of Cucumber Identified at the Centre of Origin (India)
Authors: Dhillon N.P.S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThree land races of cucumber, ‘Srinagar Local‐I, ‘Srinagar Local‐II’, and ‘Paprola Local’, derived from the lower Himalayas were observed to be tolerant to cucumber mosaic virus. Tolerance was conferred by a single dominant gene in each variety. Tolerant genes present in ‘Srinagar Local‐I’ and ‘Srinagar Local‐II’ were allelic, whereas the tolerant gene present in ‘Paprola Local’ was non‐allelic.
Relationship Between Productivity and Phosphate Requirement as a Parameter of Selection in Medicago rigidula (L.) Allioni
Authors: Lorenzetti Sllvia , Scarponi L. , Perucci P. , Falcinelli M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAmong one hundred lines of Medicago rigidula (L.) Allioni, fifteen (5 high‐producing, HP, 5 intermediate‐producing, IP, and 5 low‐producing, LP) were chosen as experimental material because of their different dry‐matter production when grown at 0.5 mg L‐1 of P2O5 in hydroponic solution (critical level). The aim of this work was to evaluate the response to selection with respect to dry‐matter yield (DMY), made at 0.5 mg L‐1 of P2O5 and to check if superior lines could also be isolated when plants were grown at 20 and 200 mg L‐1 of P2O5. Results show that HP lines were also superior with respect to DMY (g/plant) at the higher phosphorus concentrations. Highly‐productive line selection in M. rigidula can also be achieved when plants are grown at a critical level of phosphorus in the nutrient solution. Phosphate content in the dry matter produced and phosphatase activity were also analysed. Plants of the more‐productive lines were characterized by lower phosphate content per unit dry matter and by a higher phosphatase activity.