bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MORPHOLOGY OF ENDOCRINE CELLS IN THE ISLET TISSUE OF THE COD GADUS CALLARIAS
Authors: Thomas N. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The principal islet of the cod consists of a central mass of endocrine tissue, surrounded by a capsule of exocrine tissue. Four cell types are recognisable by differential staining and electron microscopy. Three of these correspond in staining reactions and general morphology to alpha, beta and delta cells of other species. Each cell-type contains characteristic secretory granules. The fourth cell-type does not appear to correspond to any other pancreatic endocrine cell although its granules show features common to both alpha and beta cells. It may represent a phase in the life history of one of these cell types or more probably a separate cell-type.
INDUCTION OF OVULATION IN PROGESTIN-TREATED ADULT RATS
Authors: Banik U. K. , Haltrecht Irene , Herr F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The ovulation was blocked in a strain of 4 day cyclic rats by a single intramuscular injection of different doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). The MPA was given one day before the expected day of prooestrus. The ovulation-blocking effect of smaller doses of MPA (0.01 and 0.1 mg/rat) was reversed by two orally active oestrogens, namely, ethynyl oestradiol and a new oestrogen, AY-11,483. The anti-ovulatory effect of 1.0 mg MPA could not be reversed by smaller or bigger doses of any one of the oestrogens. These oestrogens were given orally also on the day before prooestrus. Evidence of ovulation was obtained by counting freshlyshed ova microscopically from the fallopian tubes on the expected day of the following oestrus. Both of these oestrogens were active in reversing the ovulation-blocking effect of smaller doses of MPA. It has been suggested that a bigger dose of MPA, in addition to blocking the release of pituitary-LH, also suppressed the ovarian response to exogenous gonadotrophin.
EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF 0.3 mg OF NOREHTINDRONE ON THE PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE AND ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF PREGNANEDIOL AND TOTAL OESTROGENS
Authors: Larsson-Cohn U. , Johansson E. D. B. , Gemzell C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Daily determinations of the plasma level of progesterone and the urinary excretion of total oestrogens and pregnanediol were performed in 7 subjects during one control cycle, followed by three months of daily continuous treatment with 0.3 mg of norethindrone (NET).
The control cycles were ovulatory according to the parameters investigated. During treatment there was a tendency to cyclically increased oestrogen excretion, this being most marked in cycles with very depressed progesterone-pregnanediol levels.
All the subjects showed signs of cyclical luteal activity. In most cases, the levels of progesterone and pregnanediol were lower than during the corresponding control cycles. It is suggested that this might be due to deficient corpus luteum function.
The drug had no thermogenic effect. The length of the treatment cycles varied between 22 and 49 days. Only two of the women showed intermenstrual bleeding.
It seems that 0.3 mg of NET has a weaker effect on the hormone levels than 0.5 mg of NET, but a stronger effect than 0.5 mg of chlormadinone acetate.
TWO MODES OF INTERACTION BETWEEN OESTROGEN AND ANTI-OESTROGEN
Authors: Terenius Lars 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A comparative investigation was carried out on the modes of action of anti-oestrogenic substances of different chemical structures and of different biological profiles. Most extensively investigated were mesobutoestrol and U-11100A. While meso-butoestrol is only antagonistic when applied locally to a target tissue, U-11100A is a systemic antagonist. The interactions of these compounds with tritium-labelled 17β-oestradiol were tested in vivo and in vitro on mouse uteri and vaginae and in vitro on an experimental rat mammary carcinoma.
It was found that meso-butoestrol had a very high competitive affinity for the oestrogen binding sites but that its action was easily reversible and particularly so on the vagina. Since it is not retained its antagonistic activity is only manifested biologically under special circumstances. U-11100A had a lower affinity for the binding sites but its blocking action was much less reversible. By combination with the binding sites to a stable complex of low intrinsic biological activity it prevents the full action of a »true« oestrogen.
The results illustrate the complexity in the interactions between oestrogens, anti-oestrogens and the target tissues. To characterize the actions of an anti-oestrogen, both affinity for the binding sites and ease of reversibility should be considered. Furthermore, binding characteristics of different target tissues are not necessarily similar.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF ANGIOTENSIN II IN PLASMA
Authors: Sundsfjord Johan A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Specific antibodies were produced in rabbits with val5angiotensin II amid (Hypertensin®, Ciba) attached to succinyl-poly-l-lysine. Hypertensin was labelled with iodine-125 (125I) according to a modified Hunter-Greenwood procedure. Ion exchange chromatography followed by antibody association-dissociation technique was used in the purification of the labelled hormone.
The separation between bound and free hormone was performed on Sephadex G-25. Maximum binding of the labelled material to the antibody was achieved within one hour. The equilibrium between bound and free hormone was markedly influenced by temperature.
It was found that Hypertensin and ileu5angiotensin II exhibited equal immunological activities, whereas ileu5angiotensin I displayed less than 1% of the affinity of angiotensin II towards the antibody.
For the determination of angiotensin II in plasma, samples were collected in chilled tubes containing EDTA and BAL at pH 5.5, in order to inhibit any possible enzymatic generation and degradation of angiotensin II. Concentration was achieved on a column of Dowex 50W – X2(NH4+) resin followed by freeze-drying of the eluate. Dilution of the material obtained behaved as standard angiotensin II in the assay.
The recovery of 0.5–10 ng of angiotensin II added to 10 ml of plasma was 85–111%. The normal range for young healthy adults was 2.7 ± 1.4 (sd) ng/100 ml, in agreement with reports by some other groups.
THE STAGE OF SPERMATOGENESIS INVOLVED IN THE TESTICULAR-HYPOPHYSEAL FEED-BACK MECHANISM IN MAN
Authors: Johnsen Svend G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 284 patients with a great variety of primary testicular disorders registration of spermatogenesis was performed with the testicular biopsy score count method described by the author. Correlation analyses between the score count steps and gonadotrophin excretion show a great rise when spermatozoa (late spermatids) disappear from the testis. There is a high correlation between the per cent of tubuli possessing spermatozoa and the gonadotrophin level. Disappearance also of spermatids or spermatocytes or spermatogonia induces no further rise in gonadotrophins and no separate effect of these cells on gonadotrophins could be demonstrated. Some influence upon the gonadotrophin level was found when only Sertoli cells were present but this was small as compared with the effect of spermatozoa.
It is concluded that the stage of spermatogenesis involved in the testicularhypophyseal feed-back mechanism in man is the last stage where the spermatozoon is finished and matured. The way this stage exerts its influence upon the gonadotrophin level is briefly discussed.
SUSTAINED RELEASE HORMONAL PREPARATIONS
Authors: Kincl Fred A. , Sundaram K. , Chang C. C. , Rudel Harry W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Dissolution of progesterone, 19-nor-4-pregnene-3,20-dione and 6-methyl-17α-acetoxy-4,6-pregnadiene-3,20-dione was measured from lipid pellets of various composition. Values obtained in in vitro studies indicated that, after an initial period, the dissolution was constant. Studies in hamsters demonstrated that in vivo absorption declined with time at a rate similar to that observed with polydimethylsiloxane implants.
IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF NEUTRAL STEROID SULPHATES IN HUMAN FOETAL ADRENAL AND LIVER TISSUE
Authors: Huhtaniemi I. , Luukkainen T. , Vihko R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The endogenous neutral steroids in adrenal and liver tissue obtained from foetuses of 12–17 weeks gestation were investigated. After extractions, the steroids were fractionated into a monosulphate and a disulphate fraction on Sephadex LH-20. The conjugates were cleaved by solvolysis, and purified on silicic acid and their trimethyl silyl ethers were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Only neutral steroid monosulphates were found. The following compounds were identified in the monosulphate fraction of adrenal tissue: dehydroepiandrosterone, 16α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, pregnenolone and 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, and of liver tissue; dehydroepiandrosterone, 16α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, androst-5-ene-3β,16α,17β-triol, pregnenolone, 17α-hydroxypregnenolone and 16α-hydroxypregnenolone. The identifications and the results of the quantitative determinations of endogenous neutral steroid sulphates suggest that pregnenolone is synthesised in vivo in the foetal adrenal and converted to 17α-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphates. The latter compound is further transformed to 16α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulphate. No 16α-hydroxylation of pregnenolone was observed in adrenal tissue, whereas liver tissue seems to form 16α-hydroxypregnenolone. Reduction of a 17-keto group to 17β-hydroxyl and a 20-keto group to 20α-hydroxyl seems to take place in liver but not in adrenal tissue.
FOLLICLE KINETICS IN THE OVARY OF THE CYCLIC MOUSE
Authors: Pedersen Torben 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The variations in size, numbers and growth rates of mouse ovarian follicles were investigated at different stages of the oestrous cycle. Autoradiographs were prepared of sections of ovaries after pulse-labelling with tritiated thymidine. By determining the growth rate of the granulosa cells expressed as their doubling times, it was possible to estimate the exact growth rates of whole follicles. The number of follicles which began developing during a particular time interval was also determined.
The results show that the number of large follicles fluctuates with the cycle, and that the size of the largest follicles increases during the cycle. Follicles of medium size grow faster at oestrus that at any other time. This is in contrast to the large follicles, in which only minor variations in growth rate were noted. It was moreover shown, that more follicles begin to grow at oestrus than at other periods during the cycle.
It was concluded, that the reduction in the number of small follicles with age is mainly due to follicle development rather than to the degeneration of small follicles.
The time required for the full development of an ovarian follicle is 19 days.
THE IMMUNOREACTIVE GROWTH HORMONE IN SERUM FROM PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Yde Hans 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Employing a chromatographic method the immuno-reactive serum growth hormone was determined in 102 diabetics and 45 controls. The diabetic group consisted of 40 juvenile diabetics and 62 newly diagnosed untreated maturity-onset diabetics. 12 of the juvenile diabetics were newly diagnosed and untreated, while the remaining 28 were long-term diabetics. 33 of the maturity-onset diabetics were non-obese while 29 were obese. All the persons were investigated while fasting in the resting state before getting out of bed. All the groups of diabetics presented an elevated mean fasting serum growth hormone of the same order of magnitude. When the total group of 102 diabetics was analysed against the controls, and also when the 62 maturity-onset diabetics were analysed separately, a statistically significant elevation in the mean fasting serum growth hormone was obtained. This was not the case when the group of 40 juvenile diabetics were analysed separately.
In 10 maturity-onset diabetics the serum growth hormone response to oral glucose was found to be normal as compared to 13 controls.
THE GROWTH HORMONE DEPENDENT INCORPORATION OF SULPHATE INTO THE COSTAL CARTILAGE OF OBESE-HYPERGLYCAEMIC MICE OF DIFFERENT AGES
Authors: Herbai Georg , Westman Sighild , Hellerström Claes 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The in vivo incorporation of sulphate into costal cartilage was measured in both lean and obese-hyperglycaemic mice of different ages. In 2–10 months old obese mice the sulphate incorporation was found to be markedly increased as compared with lean controls. After a peak value at the age of 4–5 months there was a gradual fall in the sulphation activity. In the lean litter mates a decrease in the sulphation activity was already observed after the first month of life. These findings are considered against the background of the metabolic changes characteristic of the syndrome and the current concepts of the actions of insulin and growth hormone. A possible role of growth hormone in the aetiology of the obese-hyperglycaemic syndrome is discussed.
PITUITARY-ADRENAL FUNCTION IN OLD AGE EVALUATED BY THE INTRAVENOUS METYRAPONE TEST
Authors: Jensen H. Kaalund , Blichert-Toft M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Attempts were made to evaluate indirectly the ability of the pituitary gland to produce ACTH, in relation to increasing age, using the metyrapone test. Twelve aged subjects, average age 77 years, and 11 young control subjects were investigated. The effects of intravenous infusions of 5 g of metyrapone were examined. Plasma cortisol and plasma compound S were checked over a period from 8 a. m. to 8 p. m. Statistical analysis of the results revealed no significant difference between the reactions in the aged and the young. Side effects are discussed.
SUSTAINED RELEASE HORMONAL PREPARATIONS
Authors: Kincl Fred A. , Angee I. , Chang C. C. , Rudel Harry W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Determination of radioactivity in urine, faeces and various organs in rats was used to monitor the absorption of labelled 6-methyl-17α-acetoxy-4,6-pregnadiene-3,20-dione from polydimethylsiloxane implants or after oral administration. Given orally, peak plasma levels were obtained 4 h after administration. It took about 4 days to reach steady plasma levels when PDS implants were used. For a hypothetical biologically effective dose, megestrol acetate plasma levels were about 15 times higher than when an implant was used. Increased plasma levels seen after oral administration were reflected in increased uptake by various tissues. Compared to levels seen in animals having a PDS implant the increase was 40 times higher in liver, 60 times in kidneys, 8 times in adrenals, 6 times in testes and 12 times higher in the brain.
EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE AND NANDROLONE AND SOME OF THEIR ESTERS ON THE PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN THE LIVER AND SERUM AND ON THE SEMINAL VESICLE AND LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE OF THE RAT
Authors: Leeuwin R. S. , Groenewoud E. Th. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Testosterone (T), testosterone-propionate (TP), testosterone-phenyl-propionate (TPP), nandrolone (N) (19-nor-testosterone) and nandrolone-phenyl-propionate (NPP) were compared for their effects on the pseudocholinesterase activities in the liver and serum of castrated male rats. In addition changes in the weight of the seminal vesicle and the levator ani muscle were studied. After daily administration of 1 mg of the hormones for ten days, T and TPP showed a more marked depression of the pseudocholinesterase activity and seminal vesicle than the corresponding nor-derivatives. TP and TPP have approximately similar effects, exceeding those of T. On the levator ani N and NPP were more effective than T and TPP. At identical total doses, administration of all hormones with intervals of more than one day, produced less depression of the pseudocholinesterase activity and less seminal vesicle growth than daily administration. The effects on the levator ani were less influenced by varying intervals. At an interval of four days TPP still had a potent effect on the enzyme activity and the seminal vesicle, whereas T was almost without effect. Prolonged administration showed that the effects on the enzyme activity and the seminal vesicle of N and NPP could not reach the maximum effects of T and TPP respectively.
COMPARISON BETWEEN ANTIBODIES TO BOVINE AND HUMAN THYROTROPHIN (TSH) FOR RADIOIMMUNOASSAY IN PLASMA: CROSS REACTION STUDIES WITH CLINICAL RESULTS
Authors: Lemarchand-Béraud Th. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The use of bovine and human TSH antisera for the measurement of human plasma TSH by radioimmunoassay has been investigated. The cross reaction between BTSH antiserum and plasma or pituitary HTSH as well as the species specificity of HTSH antiserum has been previously established.
The effects of EDTA, of incubation time, of antiserum and precipitation serum dilutions on the formation of the hormone-antiserum complex were examined in both assays as well as the possible immunological reactivity of BTSH and HTSH antisera with ACTH, HGH, FSH, LH, HCG and HCS.
It was observed that EDTA had no effect on the bovine TSH assay but allowed a faster binding of HTSH - HTSH antiserum, resulting in a short incubation period (2 days). A more diluted precipitating serum than usual was found to increase the precipitation of the antibody complexes in both assays.
No cross-reaction occurred between the BTSH antiserum and human ACTH, HGH, HCS, FSH, LH and HCG. On the contrary, a significant displacement of the HTSH-131I-HTSH antiserum complex was observed with HGH, FSH, LH and HCG (even in low concentrations) but did not occur with ACTH or HCS. When higher levels of these hormones were added, a slightly greater displacement occurred but not in the same proportions.
The values obtained in thyroid diseases by both radioimmunoassays are also reported and compared, but as the reference standards are not the same for both assays, absolute values could not be compared. Nevertheless the variations (increase or decrease) in plasma TSH levels in the different pathological conditions are in good agreement with both assays. Discrepancies were observed only in thyrotoxicosis and in some other cases presenting a slight increase in TSH with the human assay but not with the bovine assay. The bovine assay in the presence of other pituitary hormones has the advantage of exhibiting no cross reactions.
EFFECT OF CORTISONE ON THE GROWTH OF THE VENTRAL PROSTATE, THE DORSOLATERAL PROSTATE, THE COAGULATING GLANDS AND THE SEMINAL VESICLES IN CASTRATED ADRENALECTOMIZED AND CASTRATED NON-ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Tisell Lars-Eric 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The growth of the ventral and the dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles was studied in cortisone-treated and non-treated castrated non-adrenalectomized and castrated adrenalectomized rats. The cortisone was administered in daily doses of 3 mg or 9 mg for a period of 15 days.
Combined castration and adrenalectomy resulted in a greater degree of atrophy of the ventral prostate than castration alone, thus indicating some maintenance effect of the adrenals on the ventral prostate. No differences in the other accessory reproductive organs were demonstrated when comparing non-treated castrated non-adrenalectomized with castrated adrenalectomized rats.
Both doses of cortisone stimulated the growth of the dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles, but the larger dose resulted in a greater degree of stimulation. Only the larger dose of cortisone gave histological changes in the ventral prostate indicative of a slight stimulating effect. Catabolic or anti-anabolic effects of cortisone as registered by a decrease in body weight and weight of the levator ani muscle did not inhibit the growth stimulating effect of cortisone on the accessory reproductive organs.
Cortisone stimulated the growth of both the epithelium and the smooth muscle tissue of the glands. The effect on the different accessory reproductive organs after cortisone administration was contrary to previous studies, which demonstrated the stimulating effects of androgens in the rat, in that the ventral prostate was relatively unstimulated.
Possible mechanisms for the stimulation of the growth of the accessory reproductive organs are discussed in the light of our present knowledge of cortisone metabolism and of the secretion in the cortisone-treated rats of hormones which have been found to modify the growth of the accessory reproductive organs.
REGENERATION OF HYPOTHALAMIC NERVE FIBRES AFTER HYPOPHYSECTOMY IN THE GOAT
Authors: Daniel Peter M. , Prichard Marjorie M. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In goats kept for several months after hypophysectomy it was found that the nerve fibres of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract had regenerated. A posterior lobe-like organ had formed in the neural tissue of the median eminence just proximal to the site where the nerve tract had been severed when the pituitary gland was removed. This new, small, ectopic infundibular process was not only well innervated but also highly vascularised and it contained large amounts of neurosecretory material. Some of the regenerating nerve fibres had grown out from the nerve tract into pars tuberalis and the meninges; many of these nerve fibres carried neurosecretory material. In one goat, not hypophysectomized but with a traumatic lesion of the nerve tract in the pituitary stalk, regenerating nerve fibres had also grown down across the scar of the lesion to reinnervate the degenerate distal part of the nerve tract.
Within the hypothalamus the loss of nerve cells was consistently greater in the supraoptic than in the paraventricular nuclei.
EXCRETION PATTERNS OF 17-KETOSTEROIDS AND 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROIDS IN SURGICAL STRESS
Authors: Tanaka H. , Manabe H. , Koshiyama K. , Hamanaka Y. , Matsumoto K. , Uozumi T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Quantitative determinations of urinary 17-ketosteroids (17-KS) and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) were made in 17 males and 8 females before and for 7 days following moderate to major surgery.
The operation caused a marked rise in the excretion of total 17-OHCS. On the other hand, a significant decrease in the excretion of the total 17-KS was found following surgery. The postoperative decrease resulted from a significant decrease in the excretion of C19O2- 17-KS, since the urinary C19O3-17-KS remained almost unchanged following the operation. The postoperative decrease was shown to be of a higher degree in males since the decrease in the excretion of aetiocholanolone and androsterone was more marked in males than in females. Contrary to this, the excretion of both C19O3-17-KS and C19O2-17-KS increased following ACTH injection. From the result, it seems justifiable to assume that the secretion of androgen from the testes may decrease rapidly following operation. It was also demonstrated that the ratio of aetiocholanolone to androsterone increased postoperatively as did the ratio of THF to alloTHF. Furthermore, the ratios of THE to THF and E to F were found to be significantly decreased following surgery.
PLASMA TESTOSTERONE LEVELS FOLLOWING SURGICAL STRESS IN MALE PATIENTS
Authors: Matsumoto K. , Takeyasu K. , Mizutani S. , Hamanaka Y. , Uozumi T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma testosterone levels were determined by the competitive protein binding method of Mayes & Nugent (1968) with slight modifications, in 20 male patients in whom moderate or major surgery had been performed. Preoperative (control) and postoperative blood samples were obtained at 8 a. m. except for immediate postoperative samples. There was a significant decrease in the plasma levels of testosterone immediately and 2 days after moderate and major surgery. The level of testosterone returned toward the control level on the sixth postoperative day after moderate surgery, while after major surgery, the decreased plasma testosterone was maintained for at least 6 days. It is suggested that testicular secretion of testosterone seems to decrease during the postoperative period.