bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of Soluble HLA Class I Antigen in Human Albumin and Immunoglobulin Preparations for Intravenous Use by Solid‐Phase Immunoassay
Authors: Santoso S. , Kiefel V. , Volz H. , Mueller‐Eckhardt C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSoluble HLA class I antigens in human plasma preparations possibly play a role in HLA sensitization and modulation of the immune response. We therefore have determined their concentration in albumin and immunoglobulin preparations from several commercial sources and compared these values to the concentration in normal human sera. For this purpose we used a newly developed solid‐phase enzyme immunoassay employing rabbit anti‐mouse antibody, monomorphic HLA class I monoclonal antibody and a polyclonal enzyme‐linked β2‐microglobulin‐specific antiserum. Soluble HLA antigen concentration in 14 albumin batches from 6 manufacturers and in 16 immunoglobulin batches from 11 manufacturers ranged from 0 to 9.6 and from 0 to 20.9 ng/ml. The concentration in normal human sera 1,328 ± 954 ng/ml (n = 54). We conclude that the concentration of soluble HLA concentration in albumin and immunoglobulin preparations is more than 50 times lower than in normal human serum, but considerable differences exist between products of various manufacturers.
Misleading Results in the Determination of Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn Using Antibody Titration and ADCC in a Woman with Anti‐Lub
Authors: Novotny V. M. J. , Kanhai H. H. H. , Overbeeke M. A. M. , Schlaman‐Nijp A. , Harvey M. S. , Brand A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Lutheran blood group system consists of several genes of which Lua and Lub are the best characterized. Over 98% of the Western population is Lu (b+), and consequently antibody formation against Lubis rare. Cases reported in the literature suggest that the expression of Lutheran antigens on red cells of the newborn is weak, and Lutheran antibodies are not known to have caused severe haemolytic disease of the newborn. We describe a case of anti‐Lubimmunization during pregnancy. Despite increasing anti‐Lubantibody titre and antibody‐dependent, cell‐mediated cytotoxic activity of the anti‐Lub, two parameters associated with haemolytic disease of the newborn, the baby did not suffer from erythroblastosis.
Evidence that the Low‐Incidence Antigens Termed Wu(700.13) and Hov(700.38) Are Identical
Authors: Moulds Marilyn , Kaita Hiroko , Kornstad L. , Lubenko A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractConcordance of reactions of Wu+ and ‘Hov’+ cells with 153 sera containing multiple specificities to low‐incidence antigens indicates that the ‘two’ antigens are identical. This conclusion is confirmed by absorption and elution studies.
Comparison of Five Different Filters for the Removal of Leukocytes from Red Cell Concentrates
Authors: Pietersz R.N.I. , Reesink H. W. , Dekker W. J. A. , Steneker I. , Biewenga J. , Al E. J. M. , Huisman J. G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe leukocyte depletion capacity and performance of 5 filters designed for filtration of red cell concentrates (RCC) were compared by counting leukocytes, measuring red cell volumes and by histological examination of the filters after use. To eliminate interdonor differences, 5 buffy‐coat‐poor RCC were pooled (in each of 10 experiments) and subsequently split up into the original bags. The RCC were passed over the Cellselect filter, a column filled with cellulose acetate, and over flat‐bed polyester filters: the Cellselect Optima, the Pall RC 50, the Leukostop and the Sepacell R‐500.The filtration was shortest with the Pall RC 50 (p < 0.001 compared to the other 4 filters). Leukocyte removal was most effective with the cellulose acetate filter (p < 0.01 compared to the other 4 filters) followed by the Cellselect Optima polyester filter (p < 0.02 compared to the remaining 3 filters). Residual leukocytes did not exceed 50 × 106 for any brand of filter. Red cell recovery was similar for all 5 filters with mean values from 86.1 to 89.2%.The leukocyte numbers, counted in Türk's solution or in propidium iodide, gave comparable values in hemocytometers applying light microscopy or fluorescent microscopy, respectively.Histological examination showed that lymphocytes were mainly removed by trapping, whereas granulocytes showed a variable pattern: adhesion in presence of platelets or trapping.
Feasibility of a Predeposit Autologous Blood Donation Program in Colorectal Cancer Patients: Results from a Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: van Papendrecht M. A. W. Hoynck , Hop W. , Langenhorst B. L. A. M. , Kothe F. C. , Marquet R. L. , Jeekel J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe hematologic and transfusion data of a multicenter randomized trial investigating the effect of blood transfusions on the 5‐year survival were used to study the feasibility of an autologous blood donation program in colorectal cancer patients. Three hundred and ten patients were randomized for autologous blood transfusions (predeposition of 2 units) or homologous blood transfusions, and transfusion rules were standardized.The Hb level in the patients who donated blood decreased by 20.1 ± 1.3 g/1 (mean ± SEM) preoperatively and 4.5 ± 1.8 g/1 postoperatively, and in controls 3.7 ± 1.1 g/1 and 16.5 ± 1.9 g/1 (significantly different between the two groups, both pre‐ and postoperatively: p < 0.01). Because blood loss and number of transfusions were similar in both groups, this indicated that either preoperative or postoperative erythropoiesis is stronger in patients who had donated blood. Twenty‐three percent of the autologous patients and 61% of the homologous patients were exposed to homologous blood. The effectiveness of the procedure differed per tumor localization. In patients with a right‐sided colon carcinoma, 22% of the control patients needed homologous blood, compared to 10% of the autologous patients. In patients with other colon carcinomas, this was 52 and 16%, respectively, and in patients with a rectal carcinoma 85 and 41%.We conclude that predeposition of 2 units of blood for colorectal cancer surgery is feasible and useful to prevent homologous blood usage in a significant number of patients with left colon carcinoma or rectal carcinoma.
A Case of ‘Auto‐Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura’ Serologically Similar to Post‐Transfusion Purpura
Authors: Taaning E. , Killmann† S.A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe report describes a HPA‐1a (Zwa)‐negative woman with thrombocytopenia and antibodies in serum and eluate from autologous platelets with an operational anti‐HPA‐1a specificity. The results of the serological investigations were similar to the findings in most patients suffering from post‐transfusion purpura. However, the present patient had no history of blood transfusion prior to the unset of purpura and the thrombocytopenia had persisted 6 months before splenectomy.
Analysis of the Gene Polymorphism of ABO Blood Group Specific Transferases Helps Diagnosis of Acquired B Status
Authors: Fischer G. F. , Faé Ingrid , Dub Elisabeth , Pickl W. F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBlood group typing of an aged patient suffering from ileus provided evidence for an acquired B. As a parameter independent of cell membrane molecules or secreted blood group substances, the nucleotide sequence polymorphism of A and B transferases was investigated. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of DNA chains amplified in a polymerase chain reaction from the coding region of the glycosyltransferase indicated that no gene for B transferase was present in the patient's genome. We conclude that the assessment of polymorphism of ABO blood group transferase can be used as a marker independent of blood group molecules for confirming a suspected acquired B.
Influence of the Cryoprotective Agents Glycerol and Hydroxyethyl Starch on Red Blood Cell ATP and 2,3‐Diphosphoglyceric Acid Levels
Authors: Rittmeyer I. C. , Nydegger U. E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBecause hydroxyethyl starch (HAES) is used for volume replacement therapy and as a cryoprotectant for frozen red blood cells (RBCs), this compound, in contrast to glycerol, does not require labor‐intensive removal from thawed cells prior to transfusion. We here report the effect of both glycerol and HAES on the RBC organic phosphates ATP and 2,3‐diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3‐DPG). The CPD‐A1‐stabilized RBCs of 20 healthy donors (3 females, 17 males) were separately frozen in either 40% glycerol or 6% HAES, of molecular weight 200,000. ATP and 2,3‐DPG concentrations were determined in CPD‐A1 RBCs before addition of cryoprotectant and in cryopreserved thawed RBCs after 24 h storage at ‐80°C (glycerol) and ‐196°C (HAES). It appears that HAES, but not glycerol, significantly reduces ATP concentrations whereas both lead to a reduction of 2,3‐DPG concentrations; this reduction was more pronounced with glycerol than with HAES. Experiments with the blood of 6 donors demonstrated that HAES affects autohemolysis by 16%, in contrast to glycerol, after which cryoprotectant autohemolysis was affected by 3.1% only. RBC recoveries were comparable using glycerol or HAES as cryoprotectants. A distinct pattern of reduction of 2,3‐DPG levels by glycerol and less by HAES, and of ATP levels by HAES but not by glycerol, emerges. Our findings may be of importance if HAES is to be introduced as a convenient cryoprotectant.
Point Mutation in the Glycophorin C Gene Results in the Expression of the Blood Group Antigen Dha
Authors: King M.J. , Avent N.D. , Mallinson G. , Reid M.E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe blood group Duch (Dha) antigen is located on glycophorin C (GPC). Total RNA prepared from the reticulocyte fraction of two Dh(a+) individuals were used in the synthesis of first‐strand cDNA. The first‐strand cDNA served as templates for the amplification of GPC‐related DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expected PCR product consisted of 412 base pairs. On sequencing the PCR‐amplified DNA, a base change (cytosine→thymidine) at nucleotide 40 of the GPC cDNA was detected. Thus, the variant GPC (GPC. Dha) on Dh(a+) red cells has a substitution of leucine by phenylalanine at amino acid residue 14.
Transfusion Management of Patients with IgA Deficiency and Anti‐IgA during Liver Transplantation
Authors: Davenport R.D. , Burnie K.L. , Barr R.M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSevere anaphylactic or allergic reactions may occur during blood transfusion to patients who are IgA‐deficient and have anti‐IgA in their blood, particularly those with class‐specific antibodies. These patients are a particular challenge to the hospital transfusion service when large volumes of blood components are required for transfusion support, as in liver transplantation. We have successfully provided blood components for 3 such patients undergoing liver transplantation. Red cells were washed manually or by automated technique. Platelets were washed manually. All plasma was from IgA‐deficient donors. One patient's entire plasma requirements were supplied by autologous plasmapheresis. Serial determinations of IgA levels and anti‐IgA titers in 1 patient demonstrated an abrupt fall in anti‐IgA with the appearance of barely detectable amounts of IgA during the surgery. IgA‐containing plasma cells were demonstrated in the biopsies of liver homografts of 2 patients following transplantation. IgA deficiency with anti‐IgA can be successfully managed during liver transplantation with advance planning.
The Quantification of Fetomaternal Hemorrhage by an Enzyme‐Linked Antibody Test with Glutaraldehyde Fixation
Authors: Greenwalt T.J. , Dumaswala U.J. , Domino M.M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA modified enzyme‐linked antiglobulin test (ELAT) for quantifying D‐posi‐tive red blood cells in the circulation of D‐negative pregnant women is described. The antibody‐antigen bond was stabilized and the problem of hemolysis eliminated by the use of 0.05% glutaraldehyde. The r value for the standardization curves for measuring cord RBC in mixtures was 0.98; coefficient of variation 5.8%. Reproducible quantitation of 0.125% D‐positive cord RBC mixed with D‐negative RBC was demonstrated. In comparative studies of artificial mixtures, Kleihauer‐Betke results for more than 1% cord RBC were 50–100% greater than the true values. In several examples of large fetomaternal hemorrhages, the ELAT results matched the clinical data more closely than the Kleihauer‐Betke based estimates. 2 ml of fetal RBC in a 1,600‐ml red cell mass can be quantified using the modified ELAT.
A Decade of Rare Donor Services in the United States
Authors: Mallory D. , Malamut D. , Sandler S. G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBetween 1981 and 1990, the American Red Cross Rare Donor Registry supplied 9,872 units of red cell components with rare phenotypes to blood centers in the United States and abroad. Approximately 51% were from donors with high‐frequency antigen‐negative phenotypes and 49% were from donors with multiple antigen‐negative phenotypes. Since 1989, the disease category requiring the largest number of units has been sickle cell disease. Strategies to ensure that the Registry will have adequate resources to meet future requirements include testing selected donors for rare phenotypes and blood conservation programs, such as intraoperative salvage and the treatment of anemia of chronic renal failure with recombinant erythropoietin.
Serological Screening, Using Three Different Test Systems of Platelet‐Transfused Patients with Hematologic‐Oncologic Disorders
Authors: Wernet Dorothee , Schnaidt Martina , Mayer Gerhard , Northoff Hinnak 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSera of hematologic‐oncologic patients were tested regularly after platelet transfusions in three test systems: lymphoeytotoxicity test, platelet adhesion immunofluorescence test, and — only selected sera — in the monoclonal antibody‐specific immobilization of platelet antigen test. Of 388 patients 53 (14%) had HLA antibodies 5 of these in combination with platelet‐specific alloantibodies. Lymphocyte‐restricted (non‐HLA) reactions were observed in 20 patients, the majority of which was attributed to lymphocyte‐specific auto‐ or alloantibodies. Sera of 27 patients showed platelet‐specific reactions, usually cold‐reacting autoantibodies which have no effect in vivo.
Heparin‐Associated Thrombocytopenia: No Association of Immune Response with HLA
Authors: Greinacher A. , Mueller‐Eckhardt G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHeparin‐associated thrombocytopenia (HAT) is a severe adverse reaction of heparin therapy. Patients with the immunologic type of HAT are at risk of developing arterial and venous thromboembolic complications caused by an antibody which activates platelets in the presence of heparin. Yet, there are no means to identify patients at risk of developing HAT before heparin administration. We investigated the frequency of HLA class‐I and class‐II antigens in 47 patients with the immunologic type of HAT verified by a positive two‐point heparin‐induced platelet activation assay. Compared to a control group of 629 healthy individuals HLA antigens B8 and DR3 were less frequent, whereas DR4 and DR53 had a higher frequency. However, none of these antigens proved to be statistically significant. This is another example of an immunologically mediated disease showing no discernible association with the HLA system.
Effectiveness of Four Intravenous IgG Preparations in Prevention of Phagocytosis of Anti‐Rh‐(D)‐Coated Erythrocytes by Mononuclear Phagocytes
Authors: Sheth Kirtikant V. , Al‐Sedairy Sultan , Lee Jennifer 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFour commercial intravenous immunoglobulin G (IGIV) preparations, Sandoglobulin (Sandoz), Intraglobin (Biotest), Gammonativ (Kabivitrum) and Gammaogard (Kabivitrum) showed percent inhibition of Fc receptor‐mediated phagocytosis of anti‐Rh(D)‐coated erythrocytes as follows: 45±14 SD, 41±23 SD, 35±14 SD, 25±13 SD, respectively. Pre‐incubation of Rh(D)‐positive and antibody‐coated Rh(D)‐positive erythrocytes with IGIV did not lead to any inhibitory effects on phagocytosis. However, preincubation of mononuclear phagocytes with IGIV gave marked inhibition of phagocytosis of antibody‐coated erythrocytes. In summary, all four IGIV preparations showed Fc receptor‐mediated inhibition of phagocytosis of anti‐Rh(D)‐coated erythrocytes by mononuclear phagocytes.
Preparation of Intermediate‐Purity Factor VIII Concentrate by Direct Gel Filtration of Cryoprecipitate
Authors: Teh L. C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report a new method to produce a solvent/detergent‐treated and severe dry heat‐treated factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate (3‐6IU FVIII:C/mg protein). This method, which uses a single purification step after cryoprecipitation, is suitable for scale‐up to production levels. FVIII was obtained from solvent/detergent‐treated cryoprecipitate by a single gel filtration step using Sephacryl S‐400HR. The freeze‐dried product was stable to heating at 80°C for 72 h. The yield of the solvent/detergent and severe dry heat‐treated product was 230 IU FVIII: C/kg plasma. The reconstituted product gave a 10% loss in FVIII: C activity after heating at 37°C for 6 h. The feasibility of this method suggests that gel filtration using S‐400HR can be used solely or as part of a purification process for the preparation of high‐purity FVIII concentrates.
HLA DNA Preorgan Retrieval Donor Typing in Renal Transplantation
Authors: Gläser Regine , Eiermann Thomas H. , Fricke Lutz , Kirchner Holger , Bein Gregor 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFor the first time, a DNA technique was used in clinical practice for preorgan donor retrieval typing in renal transplantation. The method is based on the polymerase chain reaction with nested sequence‐specific primer pairs (nested PCR‐SSP) for all serological HLA‐DR specificities of DR1‐DR18. A panel of reference‐typed individuals (n = 101) was investigated in a blind quality control study and the results revealed a sensitivity of 99.5% and a specificity of 100%. Semi‐automation of PCR‐SSP provided rapid, accurate and reliable typing results demonstrating that this DNA test is most suitable for replacing the error‐prone HLA‐DR serological technique. Twenty‐seven consecutive cadaveric organ donors have been successfully typed so far. The results were available within less than 3 h after blood sampling and in all cases prior to the retrieval of organs. In conclusion, the introduction of this accurate DNA typing in HLA matching programs may significantly improve the graft survival rate in renal transplantation.
Orosomucoid System: 17 Additional Orosomucoid Variants and Proposal for a New Nomenclature
Authors: Yuasa I. , Weidinger S. , Umetsu K. , Suenaga K. , Ishimoto G. , Eap B.C. , Duche J.‐C. , Baumann P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThere are two forms of orosomucoid (ORM) in the sera of most individuals. They are encoded by two separate but closely linked loci, ORM1 and ORM2. A number of variants have been identified in various populations. Duplication and nonexpression are also observed in some populations. Thus, the ORM system is very complicated and its nomenclature is very confusing. In order to propose a new nomenclature, ORM variants detected by several laboratories have been compared and characterized by isoelectric focusing (IEF) followed by immunoprinting. A total of 57 different alleles including 17 new ones were identified. The 27 alleles were assigned to the ORM1 locus, and the others to the ORM2 locus. The designations ORM*F1, ORMI*F2, ORMI*S and ORM2*M were adopted for the four common alleles instead of ORM1*1, ORM1*3, ORM1*2 and ORM2*1 (ORM2*A), respectively. The variants were designated alphanumerically according to their relative mobilities after IEF in a pH gradient of 4.5‐5.4 with Triton X‐100 and glycerol. For the duplicated genes a prefix is added to a combined name of two alleles, e.g. ORM1*dB9S. Silent alleles were named ORM1*Q0 and ORM2*Q0 conventionally. In addition, the effects of diseases to ORM band patterns after IEF are also discussed.
Posttransfusional Hemolysis in Recipients of Glucose‐6‐Phoiphate Dehydrogenase‐Deficient Erythrocytes
Authors: Shalev Oded , Manny Noga , Sharon Raphael 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo test the hypothesis that transfusion of blood donated by individuals with glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenease (G6PD) deficiency may result in a hemolytic reaction, we conducted a prospective longitudinal study in which 10 patients transfused with 1 unit of G6PD‐deficient and 1 unit of normal red blood cells (RBC) were compared with 10 patients transfused with 2 units of age‐matched normal RBC. We found that 24 h after transfusion serum bilirubin (μmol/1) in the recipients of G6PD‐deficient RBC was significantly higher than in the recipients of normal RBC (36±14 vs. 18±5, respectively, p>0.004). A parallel increase was found in the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; IU/1) between the two groups (378±151 vs. 264±56, p<0.001). The difference in serum bilirubin(26±10 vs. 15±5, p<0.03) was still noted 48 h after transfusion, with only a marginal difference (p<0.08) in LDH. We conclude that an immediate posttransfusional hemolytic reaction can occur in recipients of G6PD‐deficient RBC and therefore suggest that the differential diagnosis of posttransfusional hemolysis, particularly in populations where G6PD deficiency is prevalent, includes transfusion of erythrocytes from G6PD‐deficient donors.
A Flow Cytometric Approach to Quantitative Estimation of Platelet Surface Immunoglobulin G
Authors: Christopoulos C.G. , Kelsey H.C. , Machin S.J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFlow cytometry (FC) was used to estimate platelet‐surface IgG (PSIgG) by quantifying the fluorescence of platelets incubated with a fluorescein isothio‐cyanate (FLTC)‐labelled polyclonal goat anti‐human IgG antibody or FITC‐labelled non‐immune goat IgG. Results were expressed as relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) defined as the ratio of specific fluorescence (mean fluorescence of platelets incubated with the FITC anti‐IgG) over non‐specific fluorescence (mean fluorescence of platelets incubated with FITC non‐immune goat IgG). A normal range was formed by analysing platelets from 71 healthy subjects. Platelets from 16 patients with a firm clinical diagnosis of immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia had a mean RFI significantly higher (p <0.001) than the controls, whereas platelets from 9 patients thought to have non‐immune thrombocytopenia had an RFI not significantly different from the normal controls. From a prospectively studied group of 62 patients with no clinically obvious cause for their thrombocytopenia or impaired platelet function 35.5% had raised PSIgG. In order to express the results as number of IgG molecules per platelet, reference curves were created by using FC to nieasurc PSIgG of platelets coated with known amounts of a chimeric IgG (human IgG with murine hypervariable region) monoclonal antibody to the glycoprotein IIb‐IIIa complex. Normal platelets had an average 1,463 (SD = 927) molecules of PSIgG. In patients with immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia the levels ranged from 690 to 32,328 (mean 11,535) molecules per platelet.Flow‐cytometric PSIgG estimation was sensitive, fast and easy to perform and therefore suitable for both research and clinical service purposes.
Molecular Genetic Analysis of the ABO Blood Group System: 1. Weak Subgroups: A3 and B3 Alleles
Authors: Yamamoto Fumi‐ichiro , McNeil Patricia D. , Yamamoto Miyako , Hakomori Sen‐itiroh , Harris Teresa , Judd W. John , Davenport Robertson D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe have determined the nucleotide sequences of the coding region in the last two coding exom of ABO genes (which occupy 91% of the soluble form of A1 transferase) from 7 individuals with weak subgroup phenotypes. Four of the individuals had an A3 phenotype and 3 individuals had a B3 phenotype. We determined the nucleotide sequences based on PCR followed by subcloning and DNA sequencing of the amplified fragments. Two cases of the A3 allele and 1 case of the B3 allele were found to contain a single‐base substitution which resulted in an amino acid substitution. However, no other cases of A3 and B3 alleles were found to contain differences in this region. This finding demonstrates for the first time heterogeneity among these weak subgroups at the nucleotide level.