bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Miaomiao , Liu Qiao , Zhu Zhengrong , Guo Xiaodi , Hu Xiling , Cheng Li 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a psychotherapy technique, which promotes psychological flexibility and enables patients to change behaviors based on value‐directed goals. However, the beneficial effects of ACT on glycemic control, self‐care behaviors, acceptance of diabetes, self‐efficacy, and psychological burden are still unclear among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).AimsThis study aimed to systematically synthesize scientific evidence to determine the effectiveness of ACT among patients with T2DM on glycemic control, self‐care behaviors, acceptance of diabetes, self‐efficacy, and psychological burden and identify the optimal characteristics of effective interventions.MethodsNine electronic databases were searched to identify eligible studies of randomized controlled trials from inception to June 2023. Two reviewers independently assessed the study eligibility, extracted the data, and performed the quality appraisal using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 Tool. The meta‐analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3. The certainty of the evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system.ResultsTen studies involving 712 participants were included. ACT demonstrated significant improvements on patients' glycemic control (mean difference [MD]: 0.95%; p < .001), self‐care behaviors (MD: 1.86; p = .03), diabetes acceptance (MD: 7.80; p < .001), self‐efficacy (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 1.04; p < .001), anxiety (SMD: −1.15; p = .006), and depression (SMD: −1.10; p = .04). However, favorable but nonsignificant improvements were found in diabetes distress. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that ACT offered more than five sessions using individualized format, with theoretical underpinnings and professional input from multidisciplinary therapists are recommended to yield better results on glycemic control and self‐care behaviors.Linking Evidence to ActionAcceptance and commitment therapy could generate beneficial effectiveness on glycemic control, self‐care behaviors, acceptance of diabetes, self‐efficacy, anxiety, and depression among patients with T2DM. Large‐scale trials with rigorous design and representative samples are warranted to strengthen the current evidence.
Dynamics of Water Sighting and Injection Mechanisms in Fishbone Branch Wells in Bottom Water Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Cui Chunxue , Zhou Zhijun , Wang Juan , Zhang Jian , Hou Guifeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Herringbone wells are effective in improving productivity for bottom water reservoirs; however, the main problem faced in the exploitation of bottom water reservoir is the ridge and cone of bottom water during the process of waterflooding, which leads to the decline of oil production. Therefore, predicting the breakthrough time and location of herringbone wells in bottom water reservoirs and then adjusting the water injection measures are of great significance for improving production and development. In this paper, we establish a three-dimensional coning model of bottom water to study the dynamic performance of bottom water rise, and the sequence of breakthrough position is determined by studying the breakthrough time along the wellbore. Based on the reservoir numerical simulation, we carry out a comprehensive adjustment of the water injection mechanism and develop a water injection scheme under the combination arrangement of vertical wells and herringbone wells. The results show that the bottom water breakthrough position of the branch well is mainly near the heel of the main branch or near the middle subsidence, and the recovery rate is the highest when the branch angle is 45 deg. The longer the shut-in time, the higher the recovery. The study is of great significance to optimize the layout and spatial structure, determine a reasonable working system, delay water channeling, and increase the cumulative production of herringbone wells.
Impact of Imperfect Kolsky Bar Experiments Across Different Scales Assessed Using Finite Elements
Authors: Hannah Thomas , Martin Valerie , Ellis Stephen , Kraft Reuben H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Typical Kolsky bars are 10–20 mm in diameter with lengths of each main bar being on the scale of meters. To push 104+ strain rates, smaller systems are needed. As the diameter and mass decrease, the precision of the alignment must increase to maintain the same relative tolerance, and the potential impacts of gravity and friction change. Finite element models are typically generated assuming a perfect experiment with exact alignment and no gravity. Additionally, these simulations tend to take advantage of the radial symmetry of an ideal experiment, which removes any potential for modeling nonsymmetric effects, but has the benefit of reducing computational load. In this work, we discuss results from these fast-running symmetry models to establish a baseline and demonstrate their first-order use case. We then take advantage of high-performance computing techniques to generate half symmetry simulations using Abaqus® to model gravity and misalignment. The imperfection is initially modeled using a static general step followed by a dynamic explicit step to simulate the impact events. This multistep simulation structure can properly investigate the impact of these real-world, nonaxis symmetric effects. These simulations explore the impacts of these experimental realities and are described in detail to allow other researchers to implement a similar finite element (FE) modeling structure to aid in experimentation and diagnostic efforts. It is shown that of the two sizes evaluated, the smaller 3.16-mm system is more sensitive than the larger 12.7 mm system to such imperfections.
Biodegradable ferroelectric molecular crystal with large piezoelectric response
Authors: Zhang Han-Yue , Tang Yuan-Yuan , Gu Zhu-Xiao , Wang Peng , Chen Xiao-Gang , Lv Hui-Peng , Li Peng-Fei , Jiang Qing , Gu Ning , Ren Shenqiang , Xiong Ren-Gen 
Published: March 2024

Transient implantable piezoelectric materials are desirable for biosensing, drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and antimicrobial and tumor therapy. For use in the human body, they must show flexibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. These requirements are challenging for conventional inorganic piezoelectric oxides and piezoelectric polymers. We discovered high piezoelectricity in a molecular crystal HOCH
2
(CF
2
)
3
CH
2
OH [2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoropentane-1,5-diol (HFPD)] with a large piezoelectric coefficient
d
33
of ~138 picocoulombs per newton and piezoelectric voltage constant
g
33
of ~2450 × 10
−3
volt-meters per newton under no poling conditions, which also exhibits good biocompatibility toward biological cells and desirable biodegradation and biosafety in physiological environments. HFPD can be composite with polyvinyl alcohol to form flexible piezoelectric films with a
d
33
of 34.3 picocoulombs per newton. Our material demonstrates the ability for molecular crystals to have attractive piezoelectric properties and should be of interest for applications in transient implantable electromechanical devices.
Estimation of country-specific tuberculosis resistance antibiograms using pathogen genomics and machine learning
Authors: Dixit Avika , Freschi Luca , Vargas Roger , Gröschel Matthias I , Nakhoul Maria , Tahseen Sabira , Alam S M Masud , Kamal S M Mostofa , Skrahina Alena , Basilio Ramon P , Lim Dodge R , Ismail Nazir , Farhat Maha R 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundGlobal tuberculosis (TB) drug resistance (DR) surveillance focuses on rifampicin. We examined the potential of public and surveillanceMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data, to generate expanded country-level resistance prevalence estimates (antibiograms) using in silico resistance prediction.MethodsWe curated and quality-controlledMtbWGS data. We used a validated random forest model to predict phenotypic resistance to 12 drugs and bias-corrected for model performance, outbreak sampling and rifampicin resistance oversampling. Validation leveraged a national DR survey conducted in South Africa.ResultsMtbisolates from 29 countries (n=19 149) met sequence quality criteria. Global marginal genotypic resistance among mono-resistant TB estimates overlapped with the South African DR survey, except for isoniazid, ethionamide and second-line injectables, which were underestimated (n=3134). Among multidrug resistant (MDR) TB (n=268), estimates overlapped for the fluoroquinolones but overestimated other drugs. Globally pooled mono-resistance to isoniazid was 10.9% (95% CI: 10.2-11.7%, n=14 012). Mono-levofloxacin resistance rates were highest in South Asia (Pakistan 3.4% (0.1–11%), n=111 and India 2.8% (0.08–9.4%), n=114). Given the recent interest in drugs enhancing ethionamide activity and their expected activity against isolates with resistance discordance between isoniazid and ethionamide, we measured this rate and found it to be high at 74.4% (IQR: 64.5–79.7%) of isoniazid-resistant isolates predicted to be ethionamide susceptible. The global susceptibility rate to pyrazinamide and levofloxacin among MDR was 15.1% (95% CI: 10.2-19.9%, n=3964).ConclusionsThis is the first attempt at globalMtbantibiogram estimation. DR prevalence inMtbcan be reliably estimated using public WGS and phenotypic resistance prediction for key antibiotics, but public WGS data demonstrates oversampling of isolates with higher resistance levels than MDR. Nevertheless, our results raise concerns about the empiric use of short-course fluoroquinolone regimens for drug-susceptible TB in South Asia and indicate underutilisation of ethionamide in MDR treatment.
Systematic review study protocol of literature from 2018 to end of 2022 of stated preference studies about HIV care and prevention services around the world
Authors: Block Ngaybe Maiya G , Ravi Priyanka , Rosales Arturo , Camarena Jose L , Madhivanan Purnima 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThere are currently over 38 million individuals around the globe living with the HIV and AIDS. As many HIV prevention and care services emerging for public use services become available to a wider audience, there is a growing need for more information about willingness to engage in these care and services. Stated preference research methods have been shown to be useful methods to help predict factors that influence health behaviours in the future.Research questionThis is a systematic review of findings from stated preference studies regarding the choices of people living with HIV or people at risk of contracting HIV to engage in HIV prevention or care.MethodsOur team plans to compile stated preference studies studying the choice to engage in HIV prevention or care services. Studies will be included from 1 January 2018 until 28 October 2022. There will be no restrictions on the language or location of the study. We will search databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, Tufts CEA registry and CINAHL. Two researchers will review each article’s title, abstract, then full-text and finally extract relevant data based on a predetermined process. Data will be presented in a narrative review and in an exploratory meta-analysis by subgroups of studies.Ethics and dissemination of researchThere is no need for an ethical review process of this study since all data used is available publicly. The findings of this study will be reported in relevant conferences and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023397785.
Is LDL cholesterol associated with long-term mortality among primary prevention adults? A retrospective cohort study from a large healthcare system
Authors: Kip Kevin E , Diamond David , Mulukutla Suresh , Marroquin Oscar C 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesAmong primary prevention-type adults not on lipid-lowering therapy, conflicting results exist on the relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and long-term mortality. We evaluated this relationship in a real-world evidence population of adults.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingElectronic medical record data for adults, from 4 January 2000 through 31 December 2022, were extracted from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center healthcare system.ParticipantsAdults without diabetes aged 50–89 years not on statin therapy at baseline or within 1 year and classified as primary prevention-type patients. To mitigate potential reverse causation, patients who died within 1 year or had baseline total cholesterol (T-C) ≤120 mg/dL or LDL-C <30 mg/dL were excluded.Main exposure measureBaseline LDL-C categories of 30–79, 80–99, 100–129, 130–159, 160–189 or ≥190 mg/dL.Main outcome measureAll-cause mortality with follow-up starting 365 days after baseline cholesterol measurement.Results177 860 patients with a mean (SD) age of 61.1 (8.8) years and mean (SD) LDL-C of 119 (31) mg/dL were evaluated over a mean of 6.1 years of follow-up. A U-shaped relationship was observed between the six LDL-C categories and mortality with crude 10-year mortality rates of 19.8%, 14.7%, 11.7%, 10.7%, 10.1% and 14.0%, respectively. Adjusted mortality HRs as compared with the referent group of LDL-C 80–99 mg/dL were: 30–79 mg/dL (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.30), 100–129 mg/dL (0.87, 0.83–0.91), 130–159 mg/dL (0.88, 0.84–0.93), 160–189 mg/dL (0.91, 0.84–0.98) and ≥190 mg/dL (1.19, 1.06–1.34), respectively. Unlike LDL-C, both T-C/HDL cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratios were independently associated with long-term mortality.ConclusionsAmong primary prevention-type patients aged 50–89 years without diabetes and not on statin therapy, the lowest risk for long-term mortality appears to exist in the wide LDL-C range of 100–189 mg/dL, which is much higher than current recommendations. For counselling these patients, minimal consideration should be given to LDL-C concentration.
Behavioural ‘nudging’ interventions to reduce low-value care for low back pain in the emergency department (NUDG-ED): protocol for a 2×2 factorial, before-after, cluster randomised trial
Authors: Altinger Gemma , Sharma Sweekriti , Maher Chris G , Cullen Louise , McCaffery Kirsten , Linder Jeffrey A , Buchbinder Rachelle , Harris Ian A , Coiera Enrico , Li Qiang , Howard Kirsten , Coggins Andrew , Middleton Paul M , Gunja Naren , Ferguson Ian , Chan Trevor , Tambree Karen , Varshney Ajay , Traeger Adrian C 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionOpioids and imaging are considered low-value care for most people with low back pain. Yet around one in three people presenting to the emergency department (ED) will receive imaging, and two in three will receive an opioid. NUDG-ED aims to determine the effectiveness of two different behavioural ‘nudge’ interventions on low-value care for ED patients with low back pain.Methods and analysisNUDG-ED is a 2×2 factorial, open-label, before-after, cluster randomised controlled trial. The trial includes 8 ED sites in Sydney, Australia. Participants will be ED clinicians who manage back pain, and patients who are 18 years or over presenting to ED with musculoskeletal back pain. EDs will be randomly assigned to receive (i) patient nudges, (ii) clinician nudges, (iii) both interventions or (iv) no nudge control. The primary outcome will be the proportion of encounters in ED for musculoskeletal back pain where a person received a non-indicated lumbar imaging test, an opioid at discharge or both. We will require 2416 encounters over a 9-month study period (3-month before period and 6-month after period) to detect an absolute difference of 10% in use of low-value care due to either nudge, with 80% power, alpha set at 0.05 and assuming an intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.10, and an intraperiod correlation of 0.09. Patient-reported outcome measures will be collected in a subsample of patients (n≥456) 1 week after their initial ED visit. To estimate effects, we will use a multilevel regression model, with a random effect for cluster and patient, a fixed effect indicating the group assignment of each cluster and a fixed effect of time.Ethics and disseminationThis study has ethical approval from Southwestern Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee (2023/ETH00472). We will disseminate the results of this trial via media, presenting at conferences and scientific publications.Trial registration numberACTRN12623001000695.
Study protocol for a prospective cohort study describing the injury characteristics in elite gymnasts in TeamGym: the Swedish TeamGym Injury Cohort – STIC
Authors: Höög Stefan , Arndt Anton , Tranaeus Ulrika 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionGymnastics consists of several different disciplines, whereof TeamGym is one. TeamGym is a young discipline with sparse research. The aim of the study is to investigate the injury characteristics in Swedish elite gymnasts competing in TeamGym including training load and other physical and psychological factors associated with injury.Methods and analysisThe Swedish TeamGym Injury Cohort is a longitudinal prospective cohort study for 52 weeks that includes the junior (15–17 years) and senior (≥18 years) Swedish female and male national teams in TeamGym. A baseline questionnaire will be sent out in an online application (SmartaBase) regarding demographics, previous injuries, gymnastics-related factors, for example, time at elite level and psychosocial factors such as stress, athletic identity, coping skills, personality traits and coach–athlete relation. A weekly questionnaire will be sent out in SmartaBase every Sunday and will monitor injuries using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Questionnaire, gymnastics-related factors, for example, landing surfaces, stress, recovery and training load. A test battery for the lower extremity will be performed. Data for ankle dorsiflexion, hop tests and ankle plantarflexion strength/endurance will be collected.Ethics and disseminationThis project was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (2023-06653-01) and is performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, scientific conferences and shared with the Swedish Gymnastics Federation.
Experience-based Modifications of the Bed Band ReAlised through Co-dEsign (EMBRACE)
Authors: Beattie Michelle , Muirhead Kevin , Gibb Roma , Ross Fiona , Macaden Leah 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundUpper body limitations are a common disability in neurological conditions including stroke and multiple sclerosis. Care of patients with upper body limitations while in bed involves positioning techniques to maximise comfort and independence. The Bed Band is a nurse-led innovation to support people with limited mobility to maintain a comfortable position in bed, thereby promoting comfort and independence with activities of daily living.AimTo co-design and implement adaptations to the Bed Band prototype with recommendations for user instructions towards enhanced product design and future development.MethodsA co-design approach involving collaboration between academic and industry partners. Expert stakeholders provided feedback on the Bed Band via an online focus group before healthy volunteers tested the product in a healthcare simulation suite. Data were thematically analysed and findings sense checked by expert stakeholders who then prioritised adaptations to the Bed Band using a modified Delphi technique.ResultsThree themes resulted from the analysis: (1) reaction to the Bed Band; (2) potential risks and mitigation; and (3) product adaptations. Simplicity was a strength of the innovation which easily enabled positional support. Adaptations to the Bed Band informed the development of an enhanced prototype for testing in future studies.ConclusionCo-design of the Bed Band prototype involving experts and healthy volunteers enabled early identification of potential risks with recommendations to mitigate them and priority adaptations. Further studies are required in hospital patients and community populations with upper mobility issues to determine the efficacy of the Bed Band and optimal duration of use.
Content analysis of food and beverage marketing in global esports: sponsorships of the premier events, leagues, teams and players
Authors: Long John William , Maksi Sara Jordan , Frías Francisco Javier López , Ireland Robin , Masterson Travis D 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundFood marketing has been implicated as a driving force of the obesity epidemic. Electronic sports, or ‘esports’, garners billions of viewership hours and is a consolidation of two major marketing outlets, online social media and sporting events, making it a focal point for food marketers and policy-makers.MethodsThe top 10 esports events and leagues were identified using data scraped between 1 January 2021 and 15 December 2021. The 10 teams within each league (90 total teams) and up to 10 players from each team (451 total players) were identified. Of the top 10 events and leagues, 6 events and 2 leagues were held or located outside the USA, reflecting the global popularity of esports. Food and beverage brands associated with each event, league, team or player were systematically identified and extracted via official websites and social media accounts. The number of sponsorships was totalled for each brand. Brands were then categorised based on product type into the following categories: energy drinks, sugar-sweetened beverages, alcohol, candy/snacks, restaurants, food delivery and stores, and supplements. The total number of brand sponsorships was then calculated for each product category.Results90 unique food and beverage brands were identified. Across all brands, a total of 497 food brand sponsorships were identified. For product categories, energy drink brands had the most sponsorships (181 sponsorships, 36.4%), followed by restaurants (86 sponsorships, 17.3%) and candy/snacks (64 sponsorships, 12.8%). The individual brand with the most sponsorships was Monster Energy (47 sponsorships, 9.4%), followed by Jack Links (44 sponsorships, 8.8%) and Red Bull (42 sponsorships, 8.4%).ConclusionDespite its nascent character, the esports industry is already heavily saturated by food and beverage marketing. There is a need to consider policies to appropriately regulate food and beverage marketing within esports communities to safeguard the health of viewers.