bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human pair‐bonds: Evolutionary functions, ecological variation, and adaptive development
Authors: Quinlan Robert J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractStable mating relationships are widespread in our species, with important economic, social, and reproductive implications.1 Pair‐bonds are part of the unique human mosaic, including very large brains, childhood, concealed ovulation, sexual intercourse in private, cultural symbols, and complex social groups. Yet we understand relatively little about the evolution of human pairing, its functions, and consequences for human diversity. We can define pair‐bonds as the long‐term affiliation, including a sexual relationship, between two individuals. The important point is that the union, whether monogamous or polygamous, is relatively enduring. Recent debate about human pair‐bonds highlights apparently conflicting hypotheses: Are pair‐bonds the evolutionary consequence of male mating competition2,3 or are they an adaptation for paternal provisioning?4,5 Unfortunately, a simple answer seems unlikely. The evidence indicates selective pressures from both mating competition and provisioning needs, suggesting different benefits of pair‐bonds in different contexts. Whether a bond emphasizes mating or parenting effort may depend on environmental cues. Childhood experience evidently affects pair‐bond development, suggesting further adaptive design for flexible life‐history strategies. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
fMRI evidence for multisensory recruitment associated with rapid eye movements during sleep
Authors: Hong Charles Chong‐Hwa , Harris James C. , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Kim Jin‐Suh , Calhoun Vince D. , Fallon James H. , Golay Xavier , Gillen Joseph S. , Simmonds Daniel J. , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Zee David S. , Pekar James J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe studied the neural correlates of rapid eye movement during sleep (REM) by timing REMs from video recording and using rapid event‐related functional MRI. Consistent with the hypothesis that REMs share the brain systems and mechanisms with waking eye movements and are visually‐targeted saccades, we found REM‐locked activation in the primary visual cortex, thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), ‘visual claustrum’, retrosplenial cortex (RSC, only on the right hemisphere), fusiform gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, and the oculomotor circuit that controls awake saccadic eye movements (and subserves awake visuospatial attention). Unexpectedly, robust activation also occurred in non‐visual sensory cortices, motor cortex, language areas, and the ascending reticular activating system, including basal forebrain, the major source of cholinergic input to the entire cortex. REM‐associated activation of these areas, especially non‐visual primary sensory cortices, TRN and claustrum, parallels findings from waking studies on the interactions between multiple sensory data, and their ‘binding’ into a unified percept, suggesting that these mechanisms are also shared in waking and dreaming and that the sharing goes beyond the expected visual scanning mechanisms. Surprisingly, REMs were associated with a decrease in signal in specific periventricular subregions, matching the distribution of the serotonergic supraependymal plexus. REMs might serve as a useful task‐free probe into major brain systems for functional brain imaging. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absence of appropriate hospitalization cost control for patients with medical insurance: a comparative analysis study
Authors: Pan Xilong , Dib Hassan H. , Zhu Minmin , Zhang Ying , Fan Yang 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective: Expose the weak loops in the Chinese medical insurance coverage and uncover hospitals' role of over‐pricing hospitalized insured patients compared with those non‐insured.Methods: A multi‐linear regression method was used to analyze hospitalization expense for insured and uninsured patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis, cholecystitis, benign uterine tumors, and normal delivery.Results: Hospitalization cost is higher among insured than uninsured patients due to longer hospitalization lengths of stay, type of disease (highest among cholecystitis patients), type of gender – females, old‐aged people, and type of marital status – singles, as well as drugs expenses, surgical expenses, and other medical acts.Conclusion: Require a better government's supervision system over medical insurance expenses such as reforming methods of payments, building up new cost compensation mechanism, and unifying and stabilizing prices for each category of medicines. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lymphatic drainage of the nasal fossae and nasopharynx: Preliminary anatomical and radiological study with clinical implications
Authors: Pan Wei‐Ren , Suami Hiroo , Corlett Russell J. , Ashton Mark W. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground.The lymphatic pathways of the nasal cavity are of enormous clinical importance. To date there has been no accurate radiographic record of these pathways.Methods.Four halves of the head and neck from 2 fresh human cadavers were studied.Results.The capillary network arises from the mucous membrane of the atrium, the turbinates, the floor of the nasal cavity, and the nasopharynx. They drain into the lateral pharyngeal and retropharyngeal lymph nodes. There is 1 lymphatic communication at the junction of the lateral posterior wall of the turbinates and the nasopharynx and another communication between 2 groups of lymph nodes situated between the origin of the facial artery and the bifurcation of the carotid artery.Conclusions.A rich avalvular lymph capillary network exists in the mucous membrane and 2 major lymph collecting vessels course through the parapharyngeal space to multiple first tier lymph nodes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Analysis of 49 cases of flap compromise in 1310 free flaps for head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Yu Peirong , Chang David W. , Miller Michael J. , Reece Gregory , Robb Geoffrey L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground.The purpose of this study was to analyze the causes of flap compromise and failure in head and neck free flap reconstruction.Methods.We retrospectively reviewed 1310 free flap reconstructions for head and neck defects performed between July 1995 and June 2006.Results.Forty‐nine cases of flap compromise due to vascular obstruction (3.7%) were identified, and 27 flaps were lost (2%). Arterial occlusions occurred in 12 flaps, with a salvage rate of 33%. Eight flaps failed within the first 24 hours, and only 1 of these was salvageable. Five of the 8 flaps had intraoperative thrombosis due to technical difficulties. Venous occlusions occurred in 31 flaps, with a salvage rate of 58%. Twenty‐two venous occlusions occurred within the first 72 hours. The main reason for venous failure was mechanical obstruction due to compression, twisting, kinking, or stretching of the vein. The most common cause of late failures (after 7 days) was unrecognized failure of a buried flap owing to the lack of reliable monitoring. Overall, there was no correlation between surgeon experience and flap failure, but the flap failure rate was lower in surgeons who had performed more than 70 free flap procedures.Conclusion.Precise surgical techniques, avoidance of mechanical obstruction, and better monitoring of buried flaps may further improve the success rate of free tissue transfer in complex head and neck reconstruction. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Myopericytoma of the lip: Report of case
Authors: Sapelli Silvana , Ribas Marina , Martins Wilson D. , de Noronha Lúcia , Gomes Ana Paula 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground.Myopericytoma is a recently delineated entity showing a hemangiopericytoma‐like vascular pattern. This rare mesenchymal neoplasm arises within the subcutaneous tissue of the extremities. Only 3 cases of myopericytoma involving the soft tissues of the mouth have been reported, and this case is the first, to the best of our knowledge, that involves the lips.Methods.A 28‐year‐old black man had a slowly growing, painless, firm, ulcerated lower lip mass. Histopathologic examination and immunohistochemical analysis were performed, and the differential diagnosis included carcinoma and other well‐circumscribed, vascular, slow‐growing lesions of the mouth‐like myofibroma, glomus tumor, and solitary fibrous tumor.Results.The results of the histology combined with the immunohistochemical analysis led to a diagnosis of myopericytoma.Conclusions.This case may aid others in recognizing this very rare entity. As the myopericytoma shares morphologic features with other perivascular myoid neoplasms, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of well‐circumscribed, vascular, slow‐growing lesions of the mouth. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Laryngeal true malignant mixed tumor
Authors: Stomeo Francesco , Rocca Paolo Cossu , Bozzo Corrado , Bianchini Chiara , Meloni Francesco , Pastore Antonio 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground.True malignant mixed tumor, also known as carcinosarcoma, is a salivary gland type malignant neoplasm, which is extremely rare, and only a few cases arising in the larynx have been previously reported.Methods and Results.We report a case of true malignant mixed tumor arising in the larynx of a 65‐year‐old woman successfully treated with surgery. Histologically, the neoplasm was composed of variably mixed, neoplastic glandular, spindle, and chondroid tissues. Immunohistochemical analyses showed a peculiar expression of myoepithelial markers such as p63 and calponin in the glandular epithelial component, whereas malignant spindle cell proliferation was immunoreactive for calponin and actin.Conclusion.These results strengthen the hypothesis that these neoplasms may develop from a divergent differentiation of a totipotent, myoepithelial precursor cell. Despite the unfavorable prognosis that has always been described for these neoplasms, the patient is alive with no evidence of recurrences 5 years after surgery. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Trends in head and neck cancer incidence in Tianjin, China, between 1981 and 2002
Authors: Chen Kexin , Song Fengju , He Min , Li Haixin , Qian Biyun , Zhang Wei , Wei Qingyi , Hao Xishan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground.Head and neck cancer is 1 of the major global health issues but received limited attention, and its incidence has rarely been systematically studied in China.Methods.The population‐based cancer registry of the urban Tianjin was used to examine the changing pattern of incidence rates and its potential causes in China.Results.Between 1981 and 2002, the age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of head and neck cancer decreased by 1.39% per year among males and 2.20% among females. Significant decreasing trends were found for the age group of 45 to 54 years in women and for the age group of 55 to 64 years in both men and women. Slight increasing trends were found in the age group of 0 to 44 years.Conclusions.The data suggest that the overall head and neck cancer incidence was declining in Tianjin between 1981 and 2002; however, there was a possible increasing trend of risk for the younger population. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Intraneural reticular perineurioma of the hypoglossal nerve
Authors: Kum Yoon Seup , Kim Jeong Kyu , Cho Chang Ho , Kim Ho Kyun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground.Intraneural perineurioma or reticular perineurioma, which is 1 variant of extraneural perineurioma, has been rarely reported in the head and neck region.Methods.We report a case of a 52‐year‐old woman who wasseen with a swelling in the neck. A mass was found located on the medial aspect of the left submandibular gland and was palpated with a sponge‐like texture. The mass was seen as a homogenous semisolid lesion on CT and ultrasound examination.Results.Surgical exploration revealed expansion of the hypoglossal nerve. Microscopically, the tumor showed both pseudo‐onion bulb, which is a feature of intraneural perineurioma, and reticular pattern with microcysts, which is a feature of reticular variant of extraneural perineurioma. The tumor cells were immunopositive for epithelial membrane antigen and human erythrocyte glucose transporter‐1 (GLUT‐1).Conclusion.An intraneural reticular perineurioma of the hypoglossal nerve should be included in the differential diagnosis of submandibular swelling. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Primary cancer of the sphenoid sinus—A GETTEC study
Authors: Vedrine Pierre Olivier , Thariat Juliette , Merrot Olivier , Percodani Josiane , Dufour Xavier , Choussy Olivier , Toussaint Bruno , Dassonville Olivier , Klossek Jean‐Michel , Santini José , Jankowski Roger 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground.Primary involvement of the sphenoid sinus occurs in 2% of all paranasal sinus tumors and is associated with dismal prognosis. Optimal management remains debatable.Methods.A total of 23 patients were treated for a primary cancer of the sphenoid sinus from 1988 to 2004. Charts were reviewed for patient‐, tumor‐, and treatment‐related parameters. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors for locoregional control and survival.Results.Cranial neuropathies were present in 12 patients. Pathologic findings included adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, sarcoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, melanoma, and malignant hemangiopericytoma. All but 2 patients had stages III to IV cancer. Radiotherapy was performed in 18 patients and chemotherapy in 12. Of 10 patients undergoing surgery, total excision with grossly negative margins was achieved in 4 patients and subtotal resection in 6. Median locoregional control and overall survival were 12 and 41 months, respectively. On multivariate analysis, cranial neuropathy was associated with worse locoregional control and survival. Surgery was rarely complete because of advanced stages at presentation, but it yielded better outcomes than other treatments without surgery in non lymphoma‐cases.Conclusion.Early CT and MRI should be performed when facing aspecific, rhinological, or neuro‐ophtalmological symptoms. Cranial neuropathies indicate a worse prognosis. Surgery, including debulking surgery, may be preferred to combined modality treatments without surgery. Its apparently favorable impact on prognosis would need to be tested in homogenous histological groups of patients, which is impossible because of the rarity of the disease. Highly conformal radiotherapy (adjuvant or definitive) should be encouraged and optimized with concurrent chemotherapy in advanced stages. Aggressive multidisciplinary management including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy should be encouraged and adapted on histology and tumor extensions. Progress is still warranted to improve outcomes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Management of head and neck paragangliomas: Review of 120 patients
Authors: Papaspyrou Konstantinos , Mann Wolf J. , Amedee Ronald G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground.Head and neck paragangliomas (PGL) are rare, mostly benign tumors. About 10% to 15% of PGL are caused by mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase genes B, C, or D and may appear multifocally.Methods and Results.A retrospective review of 120 patients with 146 head and neck PGL, including 46 carotid body tumors (CBT), 13 vagal tumors, 55 jugulotympanic tumors (JTT), 25 tympanic tumors (TT) and 7 tumors in other locations are included. The internal carotid artery was preserved in 97.5% of CBT resections. Preservation of hearing was achieved in 92% of JTT and 88% of TT resections.Conclusion.According to our experience, the treatment of PGL must be individualized, taking into account the patient's age, medical condition, tumor site and size, multiple occurrences, and preexisting cranial nerve deficits. Tumor control is high whether treatment is by surgery or radiotherapy. Patients with solitary lesions whose disease is potentially resectable with acceptable morbidity are better treated surgically. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Transoral robotic surgery for the management of head and neck cancer: A preliminary experience
Authors: Genden Eric M. , Desai Shaun , Sung Chih‐Kwang 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground.The aim of this prospective study was to determine the technical feasibility, safety, and efficacy of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for a variety of malignant head and neck lesions.Methods.From April 2007 to November 2007, 20 patients were enrolled in an institutional review board–approved prospective trial using the daVinci surgical robot. Inclusion criteria for the study consisted of adults with early head and neck cancer involving the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx.Results.Twenty patients were included in this study. In 2 cases, access to the tumor was inadequate and the procedure was terminated. In all 18 cases, negative resection margins were achieved. Intraoral reconstruction was performed in 8 patients. Fifteen of 18 patients underwent concomitant unilateral (n = 10) or bilateral (n = 5) selective neck dissections. None of the patients required tracheotomy and there were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. The average setup time was 54.6 minutes (range, 140–20 minutes), with a precipitous decrease in the setup time as the study progressed.Conclusion.TORS is a safe, feasible, and minimally invasive alternative to classic open surgery or endoscopic transoral laser surgery in patients with early cancer of the head and neck. With increasing experience, surgical setup as well as operative time will continue to decrease. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Comparison of 4 modalities for distant metastasis staging in endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chua Melvin Lee Kiang , Ong Seng Chuan , Wee Joseph Tien Seng , Ng David Chee Eng , Gao Fei , Tan Terence Wee Kiat , Fong Kam Weng , Chua Eu Tiong , Khoo James Boon Kheng , Low John Seng Hooi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground.Endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) commonly metastasizes to the lungs, liver, and bones. This study aims to assess the efficacy of 4 distant metastasis staging modalities, namely (1) conventional work‐up comprising chest X‐ray, liver ultrasound, and skeletal scintigraphy, (2) CT of the thorax, abdomen, and skeletal scintigraphy, (3) (18)F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET), and (4) integrated FDG‐PET/CT.Methods.Seventy‐eight consecutive patients diagnosed with NPC were enrolled and followed up for a minimum of 6 months to confirm the staging at diagnosis.Results.Six patients (7.7%) had distant metastases at diagnosis. The sensitivities and specificities of conventional work‐up, combined CT and skeletal scintigraphy, FDG‐PET, and FDG‐PET/CT were 33.3%, 66.7%, 83.3%, and 83.3%; and 90.3%, 91.7%, 94.4%, and 97.2%, respectively. The corresponding accuracies were 85.9%, 89.7%, 93.6%, and 96.2%.Conclusions.FDG‐PET/CT is the most sensitive, specific, and accurate modality for distant metastasis staging of endemic NPC. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Endosulfan‐induced apoptosis and glutathione depletion in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: Attenuation by N‐acetylcysteine
Authors: Ahmed Tanzeel , Tripathi Ashok K. , Ahmed Rafat S. , Das Shukla , Suke Sanvidhan G. , Pathak Rahul , Chakraboti Ayanabha , Banerjee Basu Dev 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPresent study investigated whether endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide is able to deplete glutathione (GSH) and induce apoptosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro. The role of oxidative stress in the induction of apoptosis was also evaluated by the measurement of the GSH level in cell lysate. The protective role of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) on endosulfan‐induced apoptosis was also studied. Isolated human PBMC were exposed to increasing concentrations (0–100 µM) of endosulfan (α/β at 70:30 mixture) alone and in combination with NAC (20 µM) up to 24 h. Apoptotic cell death was determined by Annexin‐V Cy3.18 binding and DNA fragmentation assays. Cellular GSH level was measured using dithionitrobenzene. Endosulfan at low concentrations, i.e., 5 and 10 µM, did not cause significant death during 6 h/12 h incubation, whereas a concentration‐dependent cell death was observed at 24 h. DNA fragmentation analysis revealed no appreciable difference between control cells and 5 µM/10 µM endosulfan treated cells, where only high molecular weight DNA band was observed. Significant ladder formation was observed at higher concentration, which is indicative of apoptotic cell death. Intracellular GSH levels decreased significantly in endosulfan‐treated cells in a dose‐dependent manner, showing a close correlation between oxidative stress and degree of apoptosis of PBMC. Cotreatment with NAC attenuated GSH depletion as well as apoptosis. Our results provide experimental evidence of involvement of oxidative stress in endosulfan‐mediated apoptosis in human PBMC in vitro. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 22:299–304, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20240
Manganese accumulation in the mouse ear following systemic exposure
Authors: Ma Ci , Schneider Scott N. , Miller Marian , Nebert Daniel W. , Lind Caroline , Roda Sandy M. , Afton Scott E. , Caruso Joseph A. , Genter Mary Beth 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThere is evidence in human populations that exposure to manganese (Mn), or Mn in combination with excessive noise exposure, results in hearing loss. Quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed expression of the metal transporters DMT1, ZIP8, and ZIP14 in control mouse ears. ZIP8 is known to have a high affinity (Km = 2.2 µM) for Mn transport, and ZIP8 protein was localized to the blood vessels of the ear by immunohistochemistry. We treated mice (strains C57BL/6J and DBA/2J) with Mn (100 mg/kg MnCl2, by subcutaneous injection, on three alternating days), and Mn was significantly elevated in the ears of the treated mice. Mn concentrations remained elevated over controls for at least 2 weeks after treatment. These studies demonstrate that metal transporters are present in the mouse ear and that Mn can accumulate in the ear following systemic exposure. Future studies should focus on whether Mn exposure is associated with hearing deficits. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 22:305–310, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20241