bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Osseointegration by Generating a Dynamic Implant Surface
Authors: Anitua Eduardo A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPreparations of autologous plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) are used to promote healing and tissue regeneration. We seek to determine whether covering the titanium implant surface with this preparation could enhance osseointegration. The interaction of PRGF with the surface of titanium implants was examined by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). A total of 23 implants were placed in the tibiae and radii of 3 goats; 13 implants were inserted after covering the surface and filling the alveolus with PRGF, and 10 more implants were inserted following a conventional protocol and served as controls. Histomorphometric analysis of the bone-implant interface was performed after 8 weeks. Finally, 1391 implants were placed in 295 patients after bioactivating the surface with PRGF. Stability and implant survival were evaluated. The implant surface adsorbed the protein-rich material as shown by ESEM. In the animal study, osseointegration was enhanced when the surface was covered with PRGF as shown by histomorphometry (bone-implant contact: 51.28% ± 4.7% vs 21.89% ± 7.36%; P &lt; .01). Finally, studies in patients showed that 99.6% of the implants treated with PRGF were well osseointegrated. Clinical use of this technique in oral implantology can improve the prognosis.
The Role of Interfacial Mechanics in the Prediction of Global Mechanical Behavior of a Bioactive Composite: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Ho Emily , Marcolongo Michele 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA bioactive bone-tissue substitute, hydroxyapatite (HA)-polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with the addition of a copolymer coupling agent, was examined in vitro to determine the influence of the coupling agent on the local mechanical properties of the system before and after simulated biologic conditions. Nano-indentation of the cross-sectional interface between the HA and PMMA of the composite was studied. The fracture mechanism and position of each indent mark were analyzed at up to 5000× magnification under field-emission, environmental-scanning electron microscopy. The local interfacial results were compared with global quasistatic compression test results. It was found that nano-indentation of the interface could predict changes in global mechanical behavior of the composite. Both interfacial and global Young's moduli were reduced after immersion in the simulated biologic media. Although the coupling agent improved the interfacial and global mechanical properties before and after 24 hours in in vitro immersion, it did not affect the surface bioactivity of the system, as shown in the measurement of calcium and phosphate concentration uptake. Thus, nano-indentation is a sensitive technique for examining interfacial mechanics and mechanical consequences of biologic reactivity of composite materials.
Cone Beam Computerized Tomography-based Dental Imaging for Implant Planning and Surgical Guidance, Part 1: Single Implant in the Mandibular Molar Region
Authors: Almog Dov M. , LaMar James , LaMar Frank R. , LaMar Frank 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Computerized tomography (CT)-based dental imaging for implant planning and surgical guidance carries both restorative information for implant positioning, as far as trajectory and distribution, and radiographic information, as far as depth and proximity to critical anatomic landmarks such as the mandibular canal, maxillary sinus, and adjacent teeth. This case report describes a systematic approach to the planning and surgical placement of a single implant-supported crown, utilizing CT-based dental imaging for implant planning and surgical guidance. The simple steps result in the accurate transfer of critical radiographic information to the surgical site.
Cover Picture: Hierarchy Selection, Position Control, and Orientation of Growing Mesostructures by Patterned Surfaces (Adv. Mater. 8/2006)
Authors: Khalil A. S. G. , Konjhodzic D. , Marlow F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSpontaneous hierarchical organization of silica by means of a command surface is shown on the cover and described on p. 1055 by Marlow and co‐workers. In this approach, the usual co‐existence of energetically similar structures is overcome, permitting selection of one hierarchical silica structure. A patterned substrate is shown to lead to pixel‐like, simultaneous growth of a hierarchal assembly involving four structural levels. The individual pixels belong to a new class of circularly organized solids.
Estimation of agitator flow shear rate
Authors: Wu Jie , Graham Lachlan J. , Noui Mehidi Nabil 
Published: April 2006

AbstractLaboratory laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements were conducted to measure the shear rate coefficient KS of a range of impellers. Equations correlating KS with NQ (flow number) are provided for axial flow and radial flow impellers. Theoretical formulations based on the classic boundary layer theory are developed to estimate the shear rate at the blade surface. Calculations show that the shear rates at the blade surface are many orders of magnitude higher than those in the flow at the impeller outlet. The software code XFOIL was used to illustrate typical distributions of the shear rates along the blade surfaces. Effects of viscosity, non‐Newtonian shear‐thinning index, agitator design, and scale‐up on shear rates are illustrated. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
The place of serials in referencing practices: Comparing natural sciences and engineering with social sciences and humanities
Authors: Larivière Vincent , Archambault Éric , Gingras Yves , Vignola‐Gagné Étienne 
Published: April 2006

AbstractJournal articles constitute the core documents for the diffusion of knowledge in the natural sciences. It has been argued that the same is not true for the social sciences and humanities where knowledge is more often disseminated in monographs that are not indexed in the journal‐based databases used for bibliometric analysis. Previous studies have made only partial assessments of the role played by both serials and other types of literature. The importance of journal literature in the various scientific fields has therefore not been systematically characterized. The authors address this issue by providing a systematic measurement of the role played by journal literature in the building of knowledge in both the natural sciences and engineering and the social sciences and humanities. Using citation data from the CD‐ROM versions of the Science Citation Index (SCI), Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), and Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI) databases from 1981 to 2000 (Thomson ISI, Philadelphia, PA), the authors quantify the share of citations to both serials and other types of literature. Variations in time and between fields are also analyzed. The results show that journal literature is increasingly important in the natural and social sciences, but that its role in the humanities is stagnant and has even tended to diminish slightly in the 1990s. Journal literature accounts for less than 50% of the citations in several disciplines of the social sciences and humanities; hence, special care should be used when using bibliometric indicators that rely only on journal literature.
Multiple authorship in a small medical journal: A case study of the Croatian Medical Journal
Authors: Ivanišević Ranka , Sapunar Damir 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe authors assess the number of coauthors in articles published by authors affiliated with domestic (Croatian) and foreign (non‐Croatian) institutions in the Croatian Medical Journal (CMJ) and investigate the increase in the number of coauthors after inclusion of the journal in the Current Contents (CC) bibliographic database (Thomson ISI, Philadelphia, PA) in 1999. They analyzed 761 articles published in the CMJ between 1992 and 2003, and determined the average number of authors per article, authors' country of origin, and the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of the authors' country. The average number of authors in articles written by authors affiliated with domestic institutions was significantly larger in almost all journal sections. The increase in the number of domestic coauthors was more pronounced after inclusion of the journal in the CC database. The number of domestic coauthors published in the Clinical section increased from 4.2 ± 2.1 to 5.1 ± 2.3. There was also an increase in coauthors published in the Public Health section—from 3.1 ± 1.9 to 4.1 ± 1.9. The results of the study imply that authors' adherence to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) authorship criteria depends on the size of the scientific community and that adherence is poor among domestic authors publishing in a small, national medical journal outside of mainstream science. An increased number of coauthors in articles published by authors affiliated with domestic institutions does not necessarily imply authorship misconduct but it suggests involvement of an appreciable number of authors who made few or no substantial contributions to the research. This discounts two main purposes of scientific authorship: to confer credit and denote responsibility for performed research.
Superquenching as a detector for microsphere‐based flow cytometric assays
Authors: Zeineldin Reema , Piyasena Menake E. , Bergstedt Troy S. , Sklar Larry A. , Whitten David , Lopez Gabriel P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBackground:Fluorescent conjugated polymers display high fluorescence quantum yields and enhanced sensitivity to quenching (superquenching) by oppositely charged quenchers through energy or electron transfer. Fluorescent polymers and their quenchers are used in bead‐based biosensor applications where the polymers are coated on particles. In this work, we investigate a detection method that utilizes superquenching on microspheres, which can be used for flow cytometric assays.Methods:Microspheres were coated with the fluorescent cationic polyelectrolyte poly(p‐phenylene‐ethynylene) (PPE), and its superquenching by 9,10‐anthraquinone‐2,6‐disulfonic acid (AQS) was examined by fluorometric methods in presence and in absence of a barrier to superquenching in the form of an anionic lipid bilayer.Results:Flow cytometry detected superquenching of PPE on microspheres (MS‐PPE) by AQS where high levels of reduction in fluorescence were observed. Adding different concentrations of AQS to MS‐PPE yielded a Stern–Volmer quenching constant of 0.8 × 106 M−1. While forming an anionic lipid bilayer around the MS‐PPE acted as a barrier to superquenching by AQS, disrupting the lipid bilayer allowed superquenching to take place.Conclusions:The sensitivity of flow cytometry in detecting fluorescence of microspheres and the amplified quenching sensitivity of fluorescent conjugated polymers both offer advantages over other fluorometric methods and conventional quenching detection. This study used superquenching of fluorescent polymers as a new tool in flow cytometry, thus combining the advantages offered by both method and detector. In addition, we employed the formation and the disruption of a supported lipid bilayer in mediating superquenching to offer new biosensing applications. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Microsphere‐based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa
Authors: Saunders Matthew J. , Kim Heungbok , Woods Travis A. , Nolan John P. , Sklar Larry A. , Edwards Bruce S. , Graves Steven W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBackground:Proteases regulate many biological pathways in humans and are components of several bacterial toxins. Protease studies and development of protease inhibitors do not follow a single established methodology and are mostly protease specific.Methods:We have created recombinant fusion proteins consisting of a biotinylated attachment sequence linked to a GFP via a protease cleavage site to develop a multiplexable microsphere‐based protease assay system. Using the proteases lethal factor and factor Xa, we performed kinetic experiments to determine optimal conditions for inhibitor screens and detect known inhibitors using the HyperCyt® flow cytometry system.Results:We have demonstrated specific cleavage of lethal factor and factor Xa substrates, optimized screening conditions for these substrates, shown specific inhibition of the proteases, and demonstrated high throughput detection of these inhibitors.Conclusions:The assay developed here is adaptable to any site‐specific protease, compatible with high throughput flow cytometry systems, and multiplexable. Coupled with flow cytometry, which provides continuous time resolution and intrinsic resolution of free vs. bound fluorophores, this assay will be useful for high throughput screening of protease inhibitors in general and could simplify assays designed to determine protease mechanism. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Does Hurthle cell lesion/neoplasm predict malignancy more than follicular lesion/neoplasm on thyroid fine‐needle aspiration?
Authors: Pu Robert T. , Yang Jack , Wasserman Patricia G. , Bhuiya Tawfiqul , Griffith Kent A. , Michael Claire W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is a standard procedure for the clinical triage of thyroid nodules. The diagnosis of an adequately sampled thyroid FNA is generally grouped into three categories: benign, malignant, and indeterminate. The latter group usually includes follicular neoplasm, follicular lesion, and sometimes a more specific diagnosis such as Hurthle cell neoplasm or follicular lesion/neoplasm with Hurthle cell change. Whether a FNA diagnosis of Hurthle cell lesion/neoplasm (HLN) denotes a worse clinical outcome than follicular lesion/neoplasm (FLN) remains controversial. A cohort of 303 thyroid FNA cases with follow‐up thyroidectomy in our institutes was identified, with the follow‐up excision diagnosis compared to the FNA diagnosis in order to address this issue. Of this cohort, 87 cases had an FNA diagnosis of HLN while 216 cases had a diagnosis of FLN. Upon excision, the FNA diagnosis of HLN group had 14 cases of goiter/nodular hyperplasia (16%), 46 cases of adenoma (12 follicular adenoma (14%) and 34 cases of Hurthle cell adenoma (39%)), and 27 cases of carcinoma (31%, 12 papillary carcinoma and 15 Hurthle cell carcinoma). The FLN group had 74 cases of goiter/nodular hyperplasia (34.3%), 8 cases of Hashimoto thyroiditis (3.7%), 73 cases of follicular adenoma (33.8%), one case of granular cell tumor, and 60 cases of carcinoma (27.8%, 46 papillary carcinoma, 12 follicular carcinoma, and 1 Hurthle cell carcinoma and 1 parathyroid carcinoma) upon excision. There is no significant difference in predicting cancer between the two cytology diagnosis groups (HLN versus FLN, 31% versus 27.8%, P = 0.5771). When sorting all the cases by the surgical diagnosis, while comparable for age at diagnosis, the cancer group having the higher proportion of male patients than the non‐cancer group (28.7% versus 16.7%, P = 0.0259). Hurthle cell carcinoma patients are typically older than patients with other cancer diagnoses (59 versus 44, P = 0.0077). Our results suggest that an FNA diagnosis of HLN does not predict more malignancy than FLN. Males and older patients with a HLN FNA diagnosis carry a higher risk of Hurthle cell carcinoma upon thyroidectomy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:330–334. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infarcted intraductal papilloma of the breast: Cytologic features with stage of infarction
Authors: Ishihara Akinori , Kobayashi Tadao K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is being employed with increasing frequency for the pre‐operative diagnostic workup of breast lesions. Although most cases show morphologic features very characteristic of specific entities, rare lesions with infarcted breast can cause problems in interpretation. We present cytologic findings in seven cases of an infarcted intraductal papilloma of the breast (IDPB) that was diagnosed by FNAC, and we also report the correlation of cytological features and stages of infarcted IDPB. In the early stage of infarction, numerous degenerative cells and necrotic debris were demonstrated. Isolated degenerative cells showed columnar, spindle, polygonal and fiber‐like cells, with coagulated and smudged nuclei. Ghost cells were also seen. Extensive necrosis was demonstrated with a few sheets of ductal cells in the mid‐stage of infarction. In the late stage of infarction, clusters of fibroblasts, ductal cells and necrotic debris were found. Knowledge of the characteristic cytologic pattern in different stages of infarcted IDPB may be helpful to suggest the probable pre‐operative diagnosis of those lesions. Familiarity with this entity is important in preventing misdiagnosis of malignancy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:373–376. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endocervical curetting vs. endocervical brushing as case finding methods
Authors: Maksem John A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis paper focuses on the performance of endocervical curettage (ECC) and intensive endocervical brushing (ECB) (comprising two or more brushings of the endocervix with liquid‐based cytology and cell‐block examination) in the course of colposcopic examination for abnormal gynecological cytology. To assess their relative effectiveness in disease detection, we reviewed the outcomes of 1,824 colposcopic biopsy collections from women who had an index cytology diagnosis of LSIL or higher. Our intent was to gauge the relative success of ECC and ECB as case‐finding procedures in relation to (1) the original cytological diagnosis and (2) the highest (most abnormal) histological diagnosis of the colposcopy study. Our purpose was to determine whether ECB could effectively replace ECC. One thousand five hundred and seven cases of LSILs or higher cases included an ECC along with two or more colposcopic biopsies and 317 cases included an ECB. ECBs were collected into a liquid fixative and processed as both cytology and cell‐block specimens; whereas, ECCs were processed according to standard histological techniques. We found that intensive ECB recapitulates the highest diagnosis of the colposcopy study about 5–8 times as often as that of ECC. Moreover, when calculating the proportion of positive outcomes, we found that cases examined with biopsy and ECC discovered fewer women with CIN 2 or higher among both LSIL and HSIL index cytologies as compared with those of cases examined with biopsy and ECB (9.2% vs. 16.8% for LSIL and 63.7% vs. 72.2% for HSIL cases); and, more negative outcomes were seen among women evaluated with biopsy plus ECC than those with biopsy plus ECB (11.3% vs. 8.1% for LSIL and 4.7% vs. 1.4% for HSIL cases). Our findings suggest that the colposcopic study is optimized when it is performed in conjunction with ECB as opposed to ECC, and that intensive ECB may be superior to ECC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006; 34:313–316. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibin α‐iCre mice: Cre deleter lines for the gonads, pituitary, and adrenal
Authors: Jorgez Carolina J. , De Mayo Francesco J. , Matzuk Martin M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTo expand our knowledge of reproductive function, Cre lines to conditionally knockout essential genes in the mouse gonads were generated. Three transgenic lines of inhibin‐α‐iCre mice were designed by fusing the mouse inhibin‐α promoter with a codon‐improved Cre recombinase (iCre). α‐iCre‐line‐3 expressed high levels of Cre in Sertoli and Leydig cells of the testis and low levels in other tissues, making line 3 an appropriate deleter line for genes expressed in somatic cells of the testis. In contrast, α‐iCre‐line‐1 expressed high levels of Cre in granulosa and theca cells of the ovary and very low levels in other tissues, making line 1 a suitable deleter line for genes expressed in somatic cells of the ovary. A third line, α‐iCre‐line‐2, had low levels of Cre in the gonads but high levels in anterior pituitary and adrenal medulla. These lines could be useful to understand reproduction and other processes by establishing conditional knockout mouse models. genesis 44:183–188, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Silicon‐substituted hydroxyapatite thin films: Effect of annealing temperature on coating stability and bioactivity
Authors: Thian E. S. , Huang J. , Best S. M. , Barber Z. H. , Bonfield W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effect of annealing temperature on the physicochemical and biological characteristics of magnetron cosputtered silicon‐substituted hydroxyapatite (SiHA) thin coatings was studied. Annealing is required to transform as‐sputtered amorphous films into crystalline coatings. A nanocrystalline, single‐phase apatite structure was achieved for coatings heated to 600 or 700°C and, with increasing annealing temperature, the crystallite size increased. Small crystallites were found to be more soluble in the physiological environment but, at the same time, were able to induce early formation of a new apatite layer. A human osteoblast‐like (HOB) cell model was used to evaluate the performance of these annealed SiHA coatings. HOB cells attached and grew well on coatings and, after 42 days in culture, a mineralization process was observed to be taking place, with evidence of calcium phosphate minerals throughout the extracellular matrix. Our findings indicated that an annealing temperature of 600°C is sufficient to achieve crystalline SiHA coatings and exhibiting good chemical stability and bioactivity. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
C‐type natriuretic peptide for reduction of restenosis: gene transfer is superior over single peptide administration
Authors: Pelisek Jaroslav , Fuchs Alexandra T. , Kuehnl Andreas , Tian Wen , Kuhlmann Michael T. , Rolland Pierre H. , Mekkaoui Choukri , Gaedtke Lars , Nikol Sigrid 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBackgroundRestenosis is still a significant clinical problem limiting the long‐term therapeutic success following balloon dilation or stent implantation. New approaches are necessary inhibiting neointima formation and simultaneously promoting re‐endothelialization. Therefore, long‐term therapeutic effects of adventitial liposome‐mediated C‐type natriuretic protein (CNP) gene and CNP peptide applications in a porcine model for restenosis post‐angioplasty were investigated.MethodsFor in vitro applications, primary cultures of porcine vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) were used. Gene transfer was performed with cationic lipid DOCSPER [1,3‐dioleoyloxy‐2‐(N5‐carbamoylspermine)propane]. In vivo treatment of pig femoral arteries was adventitial using a needle injection catheter following balloon angioplasty. Arteries were investigated by angiography, Evan's blue staining, histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, PCR and RT‐PCR.ResultsUsing CNP gene transfer in vitro, 29.4 ± 7.2% reduction of cell proliferation in VSMCs was observed. In ECs, the CNP gene did not compromise cellular growth. For the CNP peptide the optimal concentration was 1 mM with 50.7 ± 11.3% reduction of VSMC proliferation and 12.1 ± 5.3% enhancement of growth of ECs. Three weeks following application in vivo complete re‐endothelialization was observed in all treated groups. At 3 months significant reduction of neointima formation was observed using CNP gene vs. CNP peptide (85.9 ± 7.8% vs. 63.3 ± 27.6% reduction, P < 0.05) compared to control treatment.ConclusionPeriadventitial liposome‐mediated CNP gene transfer in vivo resulted in a significant long‐term reduction of neointima formation without compromising endothelial repair and was superior over single CNP peptide administration. Advantages of CNP are its physiological origin and simultaneous inhibition of VSMC proliferation and promotion of EC growth. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.