bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recycling of animal protein wastes in the formulation of feed for Labeo rohita and Mystus vittatus—a comparative evaluation
Authors: Samaddar Ayan , Kaviraj Anilava , Nielsen Izabela , Saha Subrata 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLactic acid bacteria (LAB) are key players in the fermentation of organic wastes and their recycling as feedstuff for fish. Whey, a common dairy byproduct in India, is a cheap source of LAB and can be used to ferment animal byproducts. An experimental study was designed to explore whether the whey fermented animal protein blend (WFAPB) could be used as a fishmeal replacer in the formulation of feed for both stomach-less carp fish Labeo rohita and stomach-bearing catfish Mystus vittatus. Experiments were performed with five isoproteinous, isolipidous, and isoenergetic feeds with WFAPB replacing fishmeal (FM) by 0% (T1), 25% (T2), 50% (T3), 75% (T4), and 100% (T5). Fifteen days of laboratory experiments with these experimental feeds revealed that more than 50% FM replacement level could result in excess postprandial absorption (6 h) of some essential and non-essential amino acids in the plasma of both fish. The postprandial absorption was more in M. vittatus than L. rohita. Ninety-day experiments were conducted in outdoor cement vats to measure growths and deposition of amino acids (AA) in muscle. Regression analysis was performed to find the optimal FM replacement based on four growth parameters and fifteen AA deposition in muscle. A two-phase fuzzy methodology was used to obtain Pareto-optimal replacement levels for each fish. The results demonstrated that FM replacement levels were 7.63% and 36.79% respectively for L. rohita and M. vittatus when only four growth parameters were considered. However, based on the FM replacement level that maximized deposition of 15 amino acids and growth parameters, it was found that 12.23% and 40.02% replacement of FM by the WFAPB was ideal respectively for L. rohita and M. vittatus. The results revealed that only a fraction of both essential and non-essential amino acids absorbed in plasma could be converted into protein and deposited as bound amino acids in the muscle. It is concluded that fermentation by whey is an inexpensive, easily available, and environmentally sustainable technique to recycle animal protein in the formulation of feed for fish, and the stomach-bearing carnivorous fish are more efficient in utilizing fermented animal protein blend than the stomach-less carps.
Features of rare earth elements geochemistry in coals of Central Kazakhstan
Authors: Kopobayeva Aiman Nygmetovna , Amangeldikyzy Altynay , Blyalova Gulim Galymzhanovna , Askarova Nazym Srajadinkyzy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research presents the results of a comprehensive study of mineralogical and geochemical features of REE distribution in coals of Central Kazakhstan deposits—Karaganda coal basin and Shubarkol deposit, which have large hard coal reserves and are industrially important for the coal industry of Kazakhstan; the research is based on 205 samples of clayey interlayers and coal seams. It shows basic patterns of distribution and features of concentration for impurity elements, gives an estimate of the impurity elements concentration, including REE, defines conditions and factors of their accumulation, and studies features of their forms in coal and coal-bearing rocks, which allows estimating the mechanisms of their migration and conditions of accumulation. According to the results of geochemical indicators, the article establishes the factors of REE dislocation, reveals the composition of margin rocks that have influenced REE concentration in coal seams, and the presented latest data on mineralogy allowed to establish the ways of their transportation to the paleobasin during the syn- and epigenetic periods of formation of the coal deposits of Central Kazakhstan being researched. It was found that the coals are insignificantly enriched with heavy lanthanides from Ho to Lu. The distribution curves of UCC normalized REE values in the coals are similar and coincide, but they are less than the average value for world coal, and amount to only one-third of the UCC. It was found that the highest concentrations of all REE are characteristic of clayey interlayers and oxidized coals. The La/Yb ratio in this case increases upwards along the section, indicating mainly clastogenic mechanism of REE delivery to the coals. In coal and clay samples, the predominant mineral form of REE is light lanthanide phosphates. Identified particles of REE from minerals and their composition peculiarities suppose autigene nature of their formation. The formation of the bulk of autigene minerals occurred during the maturation of brown coals and their transformation into hard ones.
Lymph Node Dissection in Testicular Cancer: The State of the Art and Future Perspectives
Authors: Małkiewicz Bartosz , Świrkosz Gabriela , Lewandowski Wojciech , Demska Katarzyna , Szczepaniak Zuzanna , Karwacki Jakub , Krajewski Wojciech , Szydełko Tomasz 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving role of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in the management of testicular cancer (TC). It explores the significance of RPLND as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool, highlighting its contribution to accurate staging, its impact on oncological outcomes, and its influence on subsequent treatment decisions.

Recent Findings
RPLND serves as an essential diagnostic procedure, aiding in the precise assessment of lymph node involvement and guiding personalized treatment strategies. It has demonstrated therapeutic value, particularly in patients with specific risk factors and disease stages, contributing to improved oncological outcomes and survival rates. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of meticulous patient selection and nerve-sparing techniques to mitigate complications while optimizing outcomes. Additionally, modern imaging and surgical approaches have expanded the potential applications of RPLND.

Summary
In the context of TC management, RPLND remains a valuable and evolving tool. Its dual role in staging and therapy underscores its relevance in contemporary urological practice. This review highlights the critical role of RPLND in enhancing patient care and shaping treatment strategies, emphasizing the need for further research to refine patient selection and surgical techniques.
Rebound Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Parikh Simy K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Rebound intracranial hypertension (RIH) is a post-procedural treatment complication in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) characterized by transient high-pressure headache symptoms. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical features, risk factors, and treatment options for RIH.

Recent Findings
This article discusses how changes in underlying venous pressure and craniospinal elastance can explain symptoms of RIH, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), and SIH.

Summary
The pathophysiology of RIH provides a clue for how high and low intracranial pressure disorders, such as IIH and SIH, are connected on a shared spectrum.
The Alpha-Synuclein Gene (SNCA) is a Genomic Target of Methyl-CpG Binding Protein 2 (MeCP2)—Implications for Parkinson’s Disease and Rett Syndrome
Authors: Schmitt Ina , Evert Bernd O. , Sharma Amit , Khazneh Hassan , Murgatroyd Chris , Wüllner Ullrich 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMounting evidence suggests a prominent role for alpha-synuclein (a-syn) in neuronal cell function. Alterations in the levels of cellular a-syn have been hypothesized to play a critical role in the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, mechanisms that control expression of the gene for a-syn (SNCA) in cis and trans as well as turnover of a-syn are not well understood. We analyzed whether methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), a protein that specifically binds methylated DNA, thus regulating transcription, binds at predicted binding sites in intron 1 of the SNCA gene and regulates a-syn protein expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and electrophoretic mobility-shift assays (EMSA) were used to confirm binding of MeCP2 to regulatory regions of SNCA. Site-specific methylation and introduction of localized mutations by CRISPR/Cas9 were used to investigate the binding properties of MeCP2 in human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. The significance of MeCP2 for SNCA regulation was further investigated by overexpressing MeCP2 and mutated variants of MeCP2 in MeCP2 knockout cells. We found that methylation-dependent binding of MeCP2 at a restricted region of intron 1 of SNCA had a significant impact on the production of a-syn. A single nucleotide substitution near to CpG1 strongly increased the binding of MeCP2 to intron 1 of SNCA and decreased a-syn protein expression by 60%. In contrast, deletion of a single nucleotide closed to CpG2 led to reduced binding of MeCP2 and significantly increased a-syn levels. In accordance, knockout of MeCP2 in SK-N-SH cells resulted in a significant increase in a-syn production, demonstrating that SNCA is a genomic target for MeCP2 regulation. In addition, the expression of two mutated MeCP2 variants found in Rett syndrome (RTT) showed a loss of their ability to reduce a-syn expression. This study demonstrates that methylation of CpGs and binding of MeCP2 to intron 1 of the SNCA gene plays an important role in the control of a-syn expression. In addition, the changes in SNCA regulation found by expression of MeCP2 variants carrying mutations found in RTT patients may be of importance for the elucidation of a new molecular pathway in RTT, a rare neurological disorder caused by mutations in MECP2.
Cell-Permeable HSP70 Protects Neurons and Astrocytes Against Cell Death in the Rotenone-Induced and Familial Models of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Vinokurov Andrey Y. , Palalov Alexander A. , Kritskaya Kristina A. , Demyanenko Svetlana V. , Garbuz David G. , Evgen’ev Michael B. , Esteras Noemi , Abramov Andrey Y. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHeat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is activated under stress response. Its involvement in cell protection, including energy metabolism and quality control makes it a promising pharmacological target. A strategy to increase HSP70 levels inside the cells is the application of recombinant HSP70. However, cell permeability and functionality of these exogenously applied proteins inside the cells is still disputable. Here, using fluorescence- labeled HSP70, we have studied permeability and distribution of HSP70 inside primary neurons and astrocytes, and how exogenous HSP70 changes mitochondrial metabolism and mitophagy. We have found that exogenous recombinant HSP70 can penetrate the neurons and astrocytes and distributes in mitochondria, lysosomes and in lesser degree in the endoplasmic reticulum. HSP70 increases mitochondrial membrane potential in control neurons and astrocytes, and in fibroblasts of patients with familial Parkinson´s disease (PD) with PINK1 and LRRK2 mutations. Increased mitochondrial membrane potential was associated with higher mitochondrial ROS production and activation of mitophagy. Importantly, preincubation of the cells with HSP70 protected neurons and astrocytes against cell death in a toxic model of PD induced by rotenone, and in the PINK1 and LRRK2 PD human fibroblasts. Thus, exogenous recombinant HSP70 is cell permeable, and acts as endogenous HSP70 protecting cells in the case of toxic model and familial forms of Parkinson’s Disease.
Biomass Production of the Poplar Clone OP42 During the Second Rotation Plantation–The Effects of Four Thinning Treatments
Authors: Svystun Tetiana , Böhlenius Henrik 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPoplar (Populus species and their hybrids) plantations can produce large amounts of biomass on agricultural land during the first rotation. However, there is limited knowledge regarding plantation re-establishment through re-sprouting (second rotation) after harvest, stand management options for such plantations, and biomass production during rotation length up to 20 years. In this study, we analysed biomass production responses to thinning treatments in an 18-year-old second rotation poplar plantation in Southern Sweden. The first rotation plantation was established with clone OP42 (Populus maximowiczii A. Henry × P. trichocarpa Torr. and Gray). The thinning experiment was conducted seven years after the first rotation harvest, comprising four treatments: unthinned – 6000 stems ha−1, light thinning – 3000 stems ha−1, medium thinning – 1100 stems ha−1, and heavy thinning – 550 stems ha−1. Eleven years after thinning, standing volume/biomass reached 484 m3 ha−1 (162 Mg DM ha−1) in the unthinned and medium thinning plots, 443 m3 ha−1 (148 Mg DM ha−1) in lightly and 338 m3 ha−1 (113 Mg DM ha−1) in heavily thinned plots. The mean annual increment was not different among the unthinned, light, and medium thinnings, 26 m3 ha−1 yr−1 (9 Mg DM ha−1 yr−1). The total production, including living, dead and removed trees, was highest following the medium thinning, 695 m3 ha−1 (233 Mg DM ha−1). Gradual self-thinning in the unthinned and lightly thinned plots was increased by a drought period. Overall, this study suggests that the second rotation of poplar plantations has high biomass production and provides an alternative to planting after harvest.
Comprehensive analysis of T cell exhaustion related signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in HNSCC
Authors: Zhang Wei , Qu Mei , Yin Chun , Jin Zhiliang , Hu Ya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
T cell exhaustion (TEX) signifies a condition of T cell disorder which implicate the therapeutic benefits and prognostic significance in patients with cancer. However, its role in the Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma (HNSCC) remains incompletely understood.

Methods
The detailed data of HNSCC samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and two Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. We computed the expression scores of four TEX-related pathways and detected gene modules closely linked to these pathways, indicating prognostic significance. Following this, regression analyses were performed to select eight genes for the development of a predictive signature. The predictive capacity of this signature was evaluated. Additionally, we examined the relationships between TEX-related signature risk scores and the effectiveness of immunotherapy as well as drug sensitivity.

Results
A novel prognostic model, comprising eight TEX-related genes, was established for patients with HNSCC. The prognostic value was further confirmed using additional GEO datasets: GSE65858 and GSE27020. This signature enables the stratification of patients into high- and low- risk groups, each showing distinct survival outcomes and responsiveness to immunotherapy. The low-risk group demonstrated improved prognosis and enhanced efficacy of immunotherapy. In addition, AZD6482, TAF1, Ribociclib, LGK974, PF4708671 and other drugs showed increased sensitivity in the high-risk group based on drug sensitivity values, offering tailored therapeutic recommendations for individuals with various risks profiles.

Conclusion
In conclusion, we developed a novel T cell exhaustion-associated signature, which holds considerable predictive value for both the prognosis of patients with HNSCC and the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy.
Technical, economic and ecological assessment of European sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) production
Authors: Dietrich R.-U. , Adelung S. , Habermeyer F. , Maier S. , Philippi P. , Raab M. , Weyand J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMultiple options for sustainable alternatives to fossil kerosene have been assessed. The route using biomass gasification, hotgas cleaning, hydrogen addition (derived from water electrolysis using renewable power), Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and product upgrading towards ASTM D7566 certified SAF has technical, economic and environmental advantages to be discussed in detail. The technical assessment shows carbon resp. energy efficiency of fuel production at 61% resp. 55%. The economic assessment of brown-field installations in Finland predicts costs in the range of 1.00 €2019/l. For the evaluation of 200 MWth biomass plus 160.2 MWe grid power plant size, an electricity price and biomass price of 42 €2019/t and 51 €2019/MWh were assumed, respectively. The environmental assessment shows a global warming potential reduction of 91% (corresponds to 8.8 gCO2-eq./MJFuel,LHV) compared to fossil fuel using Finnish wind energy and biomass residues, far better than the required 65% GWP reduction of the European RED II regulation. Based on the techno-economic and environmental assessment of the preferred FT route, a European deployment potential between 10 and 60 Mt/a SAF seems achievable in early 2030 years. The authors propose to implement appropriate regulation with high urgency.
Preparation and characterization of Sorafenib nano-emulsion: impact on pharmacokinetics and toxicity; an in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Zaafar Dalia , Khalil Heba M. A. , Elkhouly Gehad E. , Sedeky Abanoub Selim , Ahmed Yasmine H. , Khalil Mona G. , Abo-zeid Yasmin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Current treatment strategies include surgical resection, liver transplantation, liver-directed therapy, and systemic therapy. Sorafenib (Sor) is the first systemic drug authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for HCC treatment. Nevertheless, the conventional oral administration of Sor presents several limitations: poor solubility, low bioavailability, drug resistance development, and off-target tissue accumulation, leading to numerous adverse effects. Nano-emulsion, a nano-delivery system, is a viable carrier for poorly water-soluble drugs. It aims to enhance drug bioavailability, target organ accumulation, and reduce off-target tissue exposure, thus improving therapeutic outcomes while minimizing side effects. This study formulated Sor nano-emulsion (Sor NanoEm) using the homogenization technique. The resultant nano-emulsion was characterized by particle size (121.75 ± 12 nm), polydispersity index (PDI; 0.310), zeta potential (-12.33 ± 1.34 mV), viscosity (34,776 ± 3276 CPs), and pH (4.38 ± 0.3). Transmission Electron Microscopy exhibited spherical nano-droplets with no aggregation signs indicating stability. Furthermore, the encapsulation of Sor within the nano-emulsion sustained its release, potentially reducing the frequency of therapeutic doses. Cytotoxicity assessments on the HepG2 cell line revealed that Sor NanoEm had a significantly (P < 0.05) more potent cytotoxic effect compared to Sor suspension. Subsequent tests highlighted superior pharmacokinetic parameters and reduced dosage requirements of Sor NanoEm in mice. It exhibited an enhanced safety profile, particularly in behavior, brain, and liver, compared to its suspended form. These findings underscore the enhanced pharmacological and toxicological attributes of Sor Nano-emulsion, suggesting its potential utility in HCC treatment.
Graphical abstract
Insulin Delivery to the Brain via the Nasal Route: Unraveling the Potential for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy
Authors: Wong Chun Yuen Jerry , Baldelli Alberto , Hoyos Camilla M. , Tietz Ole , Ong Hui Xin , Traini Daniela 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis comprehensive review delves into the potential of intranasal insulin delivery for managing Alzheimer's Disease (AD) while exploring the connection between AD and diabetes mellitus (DM). Both conditions share features of insulin signalling dysregulation and oxidative stress that accelerate inflammatory response. Given the physiological barriers to brain drug delivery, including the blood-brain barrier, intranasal administration emerges as a non-invasive alternative. Notably, intranasal insulin has shown neuroprotective effects, impacting Aβ clearance, tau phosphorylation, and synaptic plasticity. In preclinical studies and clinical trials, intranasally administered insulin achieved rapid and extensive distribution throughout the brain, with optimal formulations exhibiting minimal systemic circulation. The detailed mechanism of insulin transport through the nose-to-brain pathway is elucidated in the review, emphasizing the role of olfactory and trigeminal nerves. Despite promising prospects, challenges in delivering protein drugs from the nasal cavity to the brain remain, including enzymes, tight junctions, mucociliary clearance, and precise drug deposition, which hinder its translation to clinical settings. The review encompasses a discussion of the strategies to enhance the intranasal delivery of therapeutic proteins, such as tight junction modulators, cell-penetrating peptides, and nano-drug carrier systems. Moreover, successful translation of nose-to-brain drug delivery necessitates a holistic understanding of drug transport mechanisms, brain anatomy, and nasal formulation optimization. To date, no intranasal insulin formulation has received regulatory approval for AD treatment. Future research should address challenges related to drug absorption, nasal deposition, and the long-term effects of intranasal insulin. In this context, the evaluation of administration devices for nose-to-brain drug delivery becomes crucial in ensuring precise drug deposition patterns and enhancing bioavailability.
Graphical Abstract
Drug transport mechanism through the nose-to-brain pathway using the olfactory and trigeminal nerves (major pathway) and from the bloodstream through BBB (minor pathway).