bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hop Testing Provides a Reliable and Valid Outcome Measure During Rehabilitation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Reid Andrea , Birmingham Trevor B , Stratford Paul W , Alcock Greg K , Giffin J Robert 
Published: February 2007

Background and PurposeAlthough various hop tests have been proposed as performance-based outcome measures following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, limited reports of their measurement properties exist. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and longitudinal validity of data obtained from hop tests during rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction.SubjectsForty-two patients, 15 to 45 years of age, who had undergone ACL reconstruction participated in the study.Methods and MeasuresThe study design was prospective and observational with repeated measures. The subjects performed a series of 4 hop tests on 3 separate occasions within the 16th week following surgery and on a fourth occasion 6 weeks later. The tests were a single hop for distance, a 6-m timed hop, a triple hop for distance, and crossover hops for distance. Performance on the ACL-reconstructed limb was expressed as a percentage of the performance on the nonoperative limb, termed the “limb symmetry index.” Subjects also completed the Lower Extremity Functional Scale and a global rating of change questionnaire.ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficients for limb symmetry index values ranged from .82 to .93. Standard errors of measurement were 3.04% to 5.59%. Minimal detectable changes, at the 90% confidence level, were 7.05% to 12.96%. Changes in hop test scores on the operative limb were statistically greater than changes on the nonoperative limb. Pearson correlations (r) between change in hop performances and self-reported measures ranged from .26 to .58.Discussion and ConclusionThe results show that the described series of hop tests provide a reliable and valid performance-based outcome measure for patients undergoing rehabilitation following ACL reconstruction. These findings support the use and facilitate the interpretation of hop tests for research and clinical practice.
Florid histiocytic hemophagocytosis following therapy with long acting G‐CSF (pegfilgrastim)
Authors: Glasser Lewis , LeGolvan Mark , Horwitz Harold M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe describe a case of histiocytic hemophagocytosis and increase in blasts in the bone marrow after administration of long acting G‐CSF (pegfilgrastim) in a 71‐year‐old man with underlying myelodysplasia. Pegfilgrastim was discontinued, with resolution of the hemophagocytosis and marked decrease in blasts from 30 to 5%. We postulate that pegfilgrastim provided a continuous stimulation of the monocyte/macrophage system, resulting in histiocytic hemophagocytosis. We recommend caution in defining indications for the use of long acting preparations of G‐CSF. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Igβ(CD79b) mRNA expression in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells correlates with immunoglobulin heavy chain gene mutational status but does not serve as an independent predictor of clinical severity
Authors: Cajiao Isabela , Sargent Rachel , Elstrom Rebecca , Cooke Nancy E. , Bagg Adam , Liebhaber Stephen A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe etiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is poorly understood and its course is highly variable. Somatic hypermutation (SHM) of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgVH) gene and ZAP70 protein expression have been reported as prognostic indicators. However, these assays are not widely available and their concordance is imperfect. Thus a need exists to identify additional molecular determinants of CLL. The Igβ (CD79b) subunit of the B cell antigen receptor is essential for B lymphocyte function. Defects in Igβ expression are implicated in CLL pathogenesis. We have analyzed Igβ mRNA expression in CLL cells in 40 consecutive patient samples. About 75% of the samples showed the expected decrease of Igβ surface staining. Igβ mRNA levels covered a wider range, did not correlate with Igβ surface staining, but clearly distinguished the normal and CLL lymphocyte populations. Remarkably, Igβ mRNA levels correlated strongly with SHM; Igβ mRNA levels in CLL cells were significantly higher in patients with an unmutated IgVH gene when compared with those in whom IgVH was hypermutated (P = 0.008). In contrast, no correlation was observed between Igβ mRNA levels and ZAP70 expression. Multiple parameters abstracted from chart reviews were used to estimate severity of CLL in each case. While severity correlated strongly with ZAP70 staining, and to a lesser extent with SHM status, there was no correlation with Igβ mRNA levels. These data establish a strong linkage between Igβ mRNA expression and SHM in CLL and highlight the complex relationships between biochemical parameters and clinical status in this disease. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arteriovenous shunts in the human spleen
Authors: Barnhart Marion I. , Baechler Charles A. , Lusher Jeanne M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe mission of this study was to determine whether or not arteriovenous connections, indicative of a “closed” type of circulation, existed in the human spleen. Spleens from four patients requiring therapeutic splenectomy were the basis for this report. Scanning electron microscopy of plastic corrosion casts, prepared from these four spleens, revealed direct vascular conduits between splenic pulp arteries or arterial capillaries and the venous sinuses in the red pulp. Also demonstrated were a few arteriovenous shunts between pulp arteries or arterial capillaries and pulp or trabecular veins. Inclusion of sized microspheres in low‐viscosity perfusion plastic illustrated that some diameters of the connecting shunts were 7‐10 μm, with other shunts even smaller. Not only do arteriovenous connections exist in human spleens, but their frequency, as revealed by methods accentuating three‐dimensional aspects of the splenic microcirculation, justify future reconsiderations of the functional significance of this closed type of circulation.Examination of samples of the same intact spleens, prepared by freeze‐fracture and conventional critical‐point drying, also revealed an “open” type circulation structure, namely, pore‐patterned sinus walls that could facilitate blood cell movement from pulp cords into venous sinuses. Scanning electron microscopy thus has provided direct evidence that human spleens have both “open” and “closed” circulatory pathways in their microvasculature.
A view of the current status of antisickling therapy
Authors: Brewer George J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAbout 5‐10 years ago it became popular to say that we understood the genetic and molecular basis for sickle cell anemia better than for any other disease and yet had no effective treatment. It was correctly pointed out that very little money was being spent at that time on sickle cell research relative to diseases of equal frequency which occur primarily in whites. The implication was that this contemporary financial and scientific neglect of the disease was a major reason for the lack of an adequate therapeutic approach. In the succeeding years a significant incremental amount of money was spent on sickle cell research, yet we still have no widely accepted antisickling* agent to offer sickle cell anemia patients. Sickle cell anemia has proven to be a formidable foe. These days, I hear molecular biologists frequently saying that if we could simply better understand the molecular mechanisms of sickle hemoglobin polymerization, we could surely design a drug which would be effective in preventing that process and would then have a therapy to offer patients. If the implication is that we should make our strongest efforts in the direction of hemoglobin polymerization and antipolymerization studies, I tend to disagree. A recent new insight offers hope for a different approach to the disease, one involving the red cell membrane, which I will briefly review. But first I wish to briefly review recent efforts at therapy and deal with some thoughts on why the frontal assault on sickle hemoglobin itself has not worked and probably will not work, at least for the near future.Following the hypothesis of Murayama (1, 2) that polymerization of deoxyhemoglobin‐S molecules occurs because of hydrophobic bonding between molecules, Nalbandian et al. (3–5) began a search for agents which might interfere with this type of aggregation. They came up with urea and were able to show that urea inhibited and even reversed this area are in their infancy and need to be strongly pursued. Such a course, coupled with vigorous exploration of new insights into some of the complications of sickle cell anemia, may yet turn the tide in the not too distant future against this crippling disease.
Long‐term cytogenetic studies in acute leukemia of children; The nature of relapse
Authors: Zuelzer W. W. , Inoue Susumu , Thompson Ruby I. , Ottenbreit Mark J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSequential long‐term cytogentic studies in 71 children with acute leukemia were designed to investigate the nature of relapse after prolonged remission. In the overwhelming majority of the cases the findings suggested clonal identity of the leukemic cell population in relapse with that studied at the onset of the disease, notwithstanding considerable karyotypic instability in almost half of the patients. In a small minority an independent origin of the relapse clone could not be excluded on cytogenetic grounds but was considered unlikely, since mechanisms capable of accounting for the changes observed in these patients could be demonstrated in other cases. The persistence of diploid leukemic cells in the presence of an aneuploid subclone was demonstrated in the relapse bone marrow and/or spinal fluid in all active phases of the disease. On this basis the conversion from an aneuploid to a predominantly or exclusively diploid karyotype could be visualized, and a new model of clonal evolution, involving repetitive formation of abnormal karyotypes from a surviving diploid clone could be suggested.
Red cell values on the first postnatal day during the last 16 weeks of gestation
Authors: Zaizov Rina , Matoth Yehuda 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe hemoglobin concentration, red cell count, hematocrit, reticulocyte count, and red cell size distribution were determined on skin prick blood obtained on the first postnatal day from infants born at various stages of gestation, from week 24 to term. During this period the hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit remained constant, around 19 gm/100 ml and 60%, respectively. The mean corpuscular volume decreased progressively, with a corresponding rise in the red cell count. The reticulocyte count decreased progressively from 9.6% to 3.7% during the period of observation. The red cell size distribution (Price Jones) curve was markedly shifted to the macrocytic side at 24–25 weeks. Thereafter, cells larger than 102 μ3 decreased gradually, while the percentage of smaller cells increased. These observations are not consistent with the hypothesis of a progressive decrease in the supply of oxygen to the fetus during the later stages of gestation, to which the fetus adapts by increasing its hemoglobin concentration.
Hereditary antithrombin iii deficiency and thromboembolic disease
Authors: Filip Donald J. , Eckstein John D. , Veltkamp Jan J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo teenage brothers with recurrent thromboembolic disease were found to have antithrombin III deficiency. A family study spanning four generations revealed a total of 10 members with antithrombin III deficiency. Five of the 10 affected family members have had thrombotic problems. Antithrombin III deficiency was documented by coagulation assays measuring heparin cofactor, anti‐Factor Xa, and progressive antithrombin activity; the level of antithrombin III antigenic material measured by immunoelectrophoresis was low in subjects with abnormal coagulation assays. The clinical features which may lead one to suspect the hereditary hypercoagulable condition of antithrombin III deficiency are reviewed.
Effect of sialidase on the viability of erythrocytes in circulation
Authors: Aminoff David , Bell William C. , Fulton Iia , Ingebrigtsen Nancy 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSialic acid has been detected on the erythrocyte surface of a number of different species of animals. The objective of this investigation was to determine the physiological significance of these sialyl residues to the viability of erythrocytes in circulation.Methods have been described for the determination of total sialic acid on red blood cells and the conditions under which it may be released with sialidase. Chicken, dog, goat, and rabbit were chosen for these studies because of the differences in the amount (3 × 106‐72 × 106 residues per erythrocyte), and type (N‐acetyl‐ or N‐glycolyl‐neuraminic acids) of sialic acid found on the surface of their erythrocytes.Radioactive tagging with Na2 51 CrO4 was used to monitor the effect of sialidase on the viability of erythrocytes upon autologous transfusion. By the two criteria used to assess the viability of erythrocytes — the percentage of erythrocytes surviving 24 hr after the autologous transfusion, and the half‐life of those red blood cells in circulation that survive the first 24 hr — it is apparent that the presence of sialic acid on the cell surface is crucial for the survival of nonnucleated mammalian erythrocytes. The loss of viability of dog erythrocytes can be elicited by the removal of approximately 10% of the total sialic acid. In marked contrast to the behavior of mammalian erythrocytes, sialidase‐treated chicken erythrocytes appear to retain their viability in circulation.
Erythropoietic precursors in mice with phenylhydrazine‐induced anemia
Authors: Hara Hiroshi , Ogawa Makio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing a methylcellulose cell culture technique, we studied the serial changes in erythropoietic precursors in the femur, spleen, and blood of mice under erythropoietic stimuli. Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride, in the dosage of 60 mg/kg, was injected into mice subcutaneously on days 0, 1, and 3, and mice were sacrificed on days 0, 2, 4, 7, and 10 for assessment of erythropoietic precursors. Significant changes were observed for all hemopoietic organs in the number of erythrocytic burst‐forming units (BFU‐E) and erythrocytic colony‐forming units (CFU‐E). Only BFU‐E were present in blood, and their maximal increase was noted on day 2. While marrow BFU‐E continuously decreased, maximal increase of CFU‐E noted on day 4. Splenic BFU‐E and CFU‐E increased until day 4 and declined subsequently. These observations suggest the presence of significant migration of BFU‐E in mice under erythropoietic stimuli and stress the importance of studies on all hemopoietic organs in the assessment of murine hemopoiesis.
Detection of drug‐dependent antibodies by the 51cr platelet lysis test: Documentation of immune thrombocytopenia induced by diphenylhydantoin, diazepam, and sulfisoxazole
Authors: Cimo Philip L. , Pisciotta Anthony V. , Desai Rajendra G. , Pino Jose L. , Aster Richard H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSudden, severe thrombocytopenia developed in each of three patients receiving diphenylhydantoin, diazepam, and sulfisoxazole, respectively. Recovery followed discontinuance of the drugs. An antiplatelet antibody requiring the presence of an appropriate drug for interaction with platelets was demonstrated in each case by the 51Cr platelet lysis test using normal, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuric, or enzyme‐treated normal platelets as target cells. These antibodies could not be detected by techniques that depend on clot retraction inhibition, complement fixation, or platelet factor‐3 activation. Quinine‐ and quinidine‐dependent antiplatelet antibodies in the serum of 16 patients who developed acute thrombocytopenia while taking either quinine or quinidine could be demonstrated readily with the 51Cr platelet lysis test and could also be detected by other methods employed.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Correlation of clinical course and therapeutic response with in vitro testing and morphology of lymphocytes
Authors: Knospe William H. , Gregory Stephanie Ann , Trobaugh Frank E. , Stedronsky Judith A. , Schrek Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForty‐two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were studied for morphology of lymphocytes by light and electron microscopy (EM), in vitro responses of lymphocytes to a battery of physical and chemical agents, overall clinical status, immunologic status, course, and response to therapy. CLL lymphocytes could be classified by EM into four groups on the basis of cell size and nuclear contour and by light microscopy into two groups, small cells and large cells (lymphosarcoma cells). Patient survival did not vary with cell size or morphology as determined by light or electron microscopy. In vitro testing of CLL lymphocytes following exposure to x‐ray, PHA, DMSO 2 hr at 43°, prednisolone, glutaminase, and asparaginase permitted a separation of patients into categories of normal and abnormal in vitro responses. A normal in vitro response predicted a good response to therapy but an abnormal in vitro response did not preclude a good response to therapy. Following therapy, normalization of abnormal EM morphology and in vitro response was seen in some patients. Most patients tested had decreased serum immunoglobulins and abnormal PHA responses. There was a high incidence of infections and second neoplasms. Immunologic deficits could not be correlated with variations in lymphocyte morphology or in vitro response.
A chlorpromazine‐induced inhibitor of blood coagulation
Authors: Canoso Rosa T. , Hutton Ronald A. , Deykin Daniel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn inhibitor of blood coagulation was detected in the plasma of four schizophrenic patients receiving long‐term chlorpromazine therapy. The partial thromboplastin time (PTT) was prolonged in all four patients and the prothrombin time (PT) was prolonged in one. The inhibitor which resembled in many respects that seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was shown to be associated with the IgM‐rich fractions of the serum. None of the patients manifested a clinical bleeding tendency and in two, discontinuation of the chlorpromazine was followed by a decrease in the activity of the anticoagulant. While three of the patients had a positive antinuclear antibody test (ANA) and the fourth a false positive serology for syphilis, no further evidence for SLE was found.
Successful transfusion of platelets “mismatched” for HLA antigens to alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients
Authors: Duquesnoy René J. , Filip Donald J. , Rodey Glenn E. , Rimm Alfred A. , Aster Richard H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA critical factor limiting the availability of histocompatible platelet transfusions for alloimmunized, thrombocytopenic patients is the large pool of HL‐typed donors needed to procure platelets perfectly matched for HLA antigens. We have, therefore, investigated the effectiveness of platelets obtained from donors having lesser degrees of histocompatibility. In 421 transfusions administered to 59 alloimmunized patients who were refractory to “random donor” platelets, it was found that platelets mismatched for 1 or 2 “cross‐reactive” HLA antigens were in most instances as effective in increasing circulating platelet levels as perfectly matched platelets. A significant number of patients also responded to platelets from donors selectively mismatched for non‐cross‐reactive HLA antigens. The latter group had a significantly reduced frequency of the antigen HLA‐A2 (13%) in comparison to the total patient population (49%). Use of donors whose HLA antigens are serologically cross‐reactive with those of alloimmunized patients provides approximately 10 times as many prospective donors as does selection based on matching for HLA and simplifies the procurement of hemostatically effective platelets for such patients.
Differential in vitro sensitivity of marrow erythroid and granulocytic colony forming cells to chloramphenicol
Authors: Yunis Adel A. , Adamson John W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of chloramphenicol (CAP) and thiamphenicol (TAP) on mouse and human in vitro erythroid (CFU‐E) and granulocytic (CFU‐C) colony forming units have been studied. Both drugs inhibited CFU‐E growth in a concentration‐dependent, stereospecific, manner. Complete inhibition of human CFU‐E growth was observed at a CAP concentration of 10 μg/ml while a concentration over 50 μ/ml was required to inhibit CFU‐C growth. Furthermore, whereas the inhibition of CFU‐C growth could be blocked in vitro by high colony stimulating factor concentrations, inhibition of CFU‐E growth was not affected by increased erythropoietin (ESF) levels. The lack of protection by ESF may account for the apparent vulnerability of erythroid cells to CAP in vivo.
Inherited combined deficiency of factor V and factor VIII: Report of a case with normal factor VIII antigen and ristocetin‐induced platelet aggregation
Authors: Cimo P. L. , Moake J. L. , Gonzalez M. F. , Natelson E. A. , Fox K. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient with inherited combined deficiency of factor V and factor VIII is reported, who demonstrated normal levels of factor VIII antigen and plasma co‐factor for ristocetin‐induced platelet aggregation. The relationship of this condition to classical hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease is discussed. The data presented suggest that multiple loci on at least 2 chromosomes are necessary for the normal expression of factor VIII activity.
Deformability characteristics of sickle cells by microelastimetry
Authors: Havell Thomas C. , Hillman Diane , Lessin Lawrence S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDeformability of normal and sickle erythrocytes was measured by means of micropipette elastimetry with determination of intrinsic membrane rigidity (P) and total cell deformability (Pt). In the elastimetric technique employed, negative pressure at the pipette tip was generated and measured continuously. Membrane rigidity is defined as the negative pressure, in mm H2O, required to induce a hemispherical projection of the cell surface into the micropipette, and total cell deformability as the negative pressure required to aspirate the entire cell into the pipette lumen. Membrane rigidity for oxygenated sickle discocytes was not statistically different from that of control normal discocytes, but Pt measurements were significantly higher for sickle than normal discocytes. Irreversibly sickled cells (ISCs) had markedly increased membrane rigidity and whole cell deformability when compared to control normal cells. Mildly deformed ISCs and severely deformed ISCs at ambient pO2, both showed significantly higher mean membrane rigidity values than sickle discocytes and reversibly sickled cells. Sickle and normal discocytes both showed membrane elasticity with reversion to original cell shape following release of the cell from its aspirated position at the pipette tip. ISCs, however, exhibited elastic deformation of the membrane. These studies provide further evidence of progressive alteration of the sickle cell membrane induced by the sickling‐unsickling process, culminating in formation of the ISC, and suggest a role for the ISC membrane abnormality in the pathologic rheology of sickle cell disease.