bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Evaluation of Gulf Sturgeon Production and Sustainability of a Zero-Discharge Pond Water Recirculating Tank System
Authors: Lazur Andrew M , Pouder Deborah B , Hill Jeffrey E 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Given increasing interest in zero-discharge aquaculture systems, we conducted a preliminary 17-month production study of Gulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi in a recirculating pond water (RPW) system and a traditional flow-through well water (FTW) system. Both systems had three 6.1-m-diameter tanks stocked with 400 fish (7 g/fish). In the RPW system, water was pumped from a baffled pond containing aquatic macrophytes into the culture tanks and was then gravity discharged back to the pond. Production and feed conversion ratio were better in the FTW system (778 kg/tank and 1.8) than in the RPW system (494 kg/tank and 2.0). Survival was not significantly different between systems (&gt;93%). The RPW tanks had more extreme fluctuations in temperature (7–34°C) than did FTW tanks (19–23°C). The baffled pond seemed beneficial in increasing dissolved oxygen and decreasing ammonia concentrations relative to the RPW tank water. In addition, the RPW system had the advantage of zero discharge. For the FTW system, total loading was 251.4 kg of nitrogen and 19.8 kg of phosphorus; during the same period, 1,683.4 kg of total suspended solids were released. Although the RPW system had benefits, its low production relative to that of the FTW system makes economic feasibility unlikely in commercial sturgeon culture.
New Nitrogen Fertilization Recommendations for Bluegill Ponds in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Boyd Christopher A , Penseng Puan , Boyd Claude E 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
A nitrogen fertilization experiment was conducted in 33-year-old ponds at the Auburn University Fisheries Research Unit, Auburn, Alabama, after sediment removal and renovation. Twelve ponds were treated with 3 kg P2O5 (1.3 kg P)/ha, and ammonium nitrate was applied to give a range of nitrogen application rates (0–14 kg/ha). The maximum production of bluegills Lepomis macrochirus was achieved at 6 kg N/ha. The optimum fertilizer application rate for ponds from which sediment had been removed was 6 kg N with 3 kg P2O5 (1.3 kg P)/ha, which implies the following ratios: N:P2O5 = 2:1 and N:P = 4.6:1. This fertilization rate should be more appropriate than the commonly used rate of 9 kg N with 9 kg P2O5 (3.9 kg P)/ha for new ponds in the southeastern United States.
Demographics and disturbance history of a boreal old‐growth Picea abies forest
Authors: Fraver Shawn , Jonsson Bengt Gunnar , Jönsson Mari , Esseen Per‐Anders 
Published: April 2008

AbstractQuestion:To what extent do tree growth, mortality, and long‐term disturbance patterns affect stand structure and composition of an old‐growth Picea abies forest?Location:Boreal Sweden.Methods:We linked data from three 50 m × 50 m permanent plots established in 1986 with dendrochronology data to evaluate tree growth and mortality over an 18‐year period and to describe a several‐hundred‐year disturbance history for this forest type.Results:Averaged over all diameters, P. abies trees had an annual mortality rate of 0.60%; however, diameter had a striking effect on both growth and mortality, with trees of intermediate diameters (ca. 20–30 cm) showing faster growth and lower mortality. Their increased vigor gave rise to a diameter distribution resembling the ‘rotated sigmoid’(not reverse‐J) proposed for such conditions, and it led to a deficit of snags of intermediate diameters. Slow‐growing trees had an increased likelihood of dying. Although recruitment occurred in most decades over the past 400 years, two prominent recruitment peaks occurred (mid 1700s and 1800s), neither of which appeared to cause a shift in tree species composition. The lack of fire evidence suggests that fire was not responsible for these recruitment peaks.Conclusions:Taken together, these results depict a rather impassive system, where canopy trees die slowly over decades. Field observations suggest that fungal infections, mediated by wind, account for much of the mortality during these periods of relative quiescence. However, these periods are at times punctuated by moderate‐severity disturbances that foster abundant recruitment.
An Overview and Analysis of Theories Employed in Telemedicine Studies
Authors: Johannessen L. K. , Sørensen T. , Wynn R. , Whitten P. , Gammon D. 
Published: April 2008

Summary

Objectives:
This study asks: What theories are employed in telemedicine studies? How might they be categorized in ways that help distinguish the knowledge base of telemedicine?

Methods:
Theories in use were identified from a database of telemedicine-related publications between 1990 and 2005. Eighty-three (5% of 1615) articles referred to a theoretical concept. Grounded Theory procedures were used to analyze and categorize theories, while descriptive statistics were used for supplementary information.

Results:
The proportion of studies with theory was 3% in 1999 and 7% in 2005. The 83 articles were dispersed among 48 of the in total 795 different journals in the original sample. Identified theories were grouped into two main categories; ‘shared’ (used in two or more studies) and ‘lone ranger’. All of the shared theories are social science theories employed without notable adjustments to any uniquely defining features of telemedicine; diffusion, technology acceptance, health behavior, science and technology studies (STS), and economics. Theoretical concepts within the lone ranger category may well address unique features of telemedicine, but have yet to attract the attention of colleagues.

Conclusion:
The theories identified as ‘shared’ play an important role, but are inadequate in illuminating any unique features of telemedicine. The future of telemedicine as a field will need to identify its underlying theo - retical components. Frameworks employed in the field of evaluation may aid in identifying the types of theo - ries worth articulating in telemedicine.
Automatically Created Concept Graphs Using Descriptive Keywords in the Medical Domain
Authors: Diederich J. , Balke W.-T. 
Published: April 2008

Summary

Objectives:
Besides keyword search, navigational search is an important means to find relevant information in digital object collections. Such navigation is often supported by categorization systems or thesauri, which provide a hierarchical view on a particular domain and allow for browsing digital collections. Existing categorization systems, however, require large and expensive efforts for the manual creation and maintenance. Our Semantic GrowBag algorithm fully automatically creates concept graphs, i.e. directed graphs similar to categorization systems but without strong subsumption semantics. This article sketches our algorithm and evaluates it for the medical domain.

Methods:
Our Semantic GrowBag algorithm uses descriptive keywords and exploits higher-order cooccurrences between them to create concept graphs (so-called GrowBag graphs) from annotated object collections. In this study, we have automatically created more than 2000 GrowBag graphs based on the Medline data set to show the applicability of our algorithm in the medical domain. For the evaluation, we first compared our algorithm to a baseline algorithm that does not take higher-order co-occurrences into account, and then compared the resulting GrowBag graphs systematically against the manually crafted MeSH thesaurus.

Results:
Our experiments revealed that the Semantic GrowBag approach essentially increases the number of relevant relationships in comparison to a baseline approach by about 50%. Furthermore, the identified relations usually correspond to and hardly ever contradict to relationships as stated by MeSH.

Conclusions:
The Semantic GrowBag algorithm allows creating concept graphs fully automatically. While it does not systematically exploit specifics of a domain (such as the fundamental separation between ‘drugs’ and ‘therapy’ in MeSH), the resulting GrowBag graphs are nevertheless well-suited to support navigation in digital object collections. Moreover, they can also be used to help maintaining existing categorization systems based on the actual usage of categories.
Pervasive Healthcare as a Scientific Discipline
Authors: Bardram J. E. 
Published: April 2008

Summary

Objective:
The OECD countries are facing a set of core challenges; an increasing elderly population; increasing number of chronic and lifestyle-related diseases; expanding scope of what medicine can do; and increasing lack of medical professionals. Pervasive healthcare asks how pervasive computing technology can be designed to meet these challenges. The objective of this paper is to discuss ‘pervasive healthcare’ as a research field and tries to establish how novel and distinct it is, compared to related work within biomedical engineering, medical informatics, and ubiquitous computing.

Methods:
The paper presents the research questions, approach, technologies, and methods of pervasive healthcare and discusses these in comparison to those of other related scientific disciplines.

Results:
A set of central research themes are presented; monitoring and body sensor networks; pervasive assistive technologies; pervasive computing for hospitals; and preventive and persuasive technologies. Two projects illustrate the kind of research being done in pervasive healthcare. The first project is targeted at home-based monitoring of hypertension; the second project is designing context-aware technologies for hospitals. Both projects approach the healthcare challenges in a new way, apply a new type of research method, and come up with new kinds of technological solutions. ‘Clinical proof-of-concept’ is recommended as a new method for pervasive healthcare research; the method helps design and test pervasive healthcare technologies, and in ascertaining their clinical potential before large-scale clinical tests are needed.

Conclusion:
The paper concludes that pervasive healthcare as a research field and agenda is novel; it is addressing new emerging research questions, represents a novel approach, designs new types of technologies, and applies a new kind of research method.
Electrode Position Optimization for Facial EMG Measurements for Human-computer Interface
Authors: Hannula M. , Narra N. , Hyttinen J. , Nöjd N. 
Published: April 2008

Summary

Objectives:
The aim of this work was to model facial electromyography (fEMG) to find optimal electrode positions for wearable wireless human-computer interface. The measurement system is a head cap developed in our institute and with it we can measure fEMG and electro-oculogram (EOG). The signals could be used to control the computer interface: gaze directions move the cursor and muscle activations correspond to clicking.

Methods:
A very accurate 3D model of the human head was developed and it was used in the modeling of fEMG. The optimal positions of four electrodes on the forehead measuring the activations of frontalis and corrugator muscles were defined. Calculations were based on reciprocity theorem and lead field concept.

Results:
A new accurate model is now in our use for modeling purposes. It has high spatial accuracy and number of inhomogeneities providing a good platform for various simulations. The best measurement sensitivity is achieved by placing the electrodes parallel to the muscle cells. Anyway, better separating capability for frontalis and corrugator activation is achieved by placing the electrodes more orthogonally.

Conclusions:
The developed model and the tools utilized are powerful methods to optimize the electrode positions of a wearable gaze and EMG-based user interface system. The modeling results provide direct feedback for developing next generation wearable head cap with optimized electrode locations.
Mobile Health and Wellness Application Framework
Authors: Leppänen J. , Lähteenmäki J. , Nummiaho A. , Laakko T. 
Published: April 2008

Summary

Objectives:
There is an increasing need for userfriendly and interoperable mobile applications in health and wellness domain. The objective of this work has been to provide support for rapid and cost-effective development of such applications.

Methods:
We have introduced an application framework which provides a generic tool for mobile application designers. We have demonstrated the usage of the application framework by providing an example implementation and demonstrating its usage in a Tele-ECG use case. In order to support interoperability we propose a solution compatible with clinical document standards such as the HL7 CDA.

Results:
A new mobile platform applicable for a wide range of telemedicine and wellness applications is introduced. The platform provides connectivity between healthcare professionals, patients and measurement devices. It is based on an open application framework that provides interfaces for measurement, user interface, database and network connectivity implementations.

Conclusions:
Mobile application development based on the application framework was demonstrated successfully. The developed UPHIAC platform adopts a new technical approach using a local database solution for caching of information at the mobile terminal. The platform applies a document-based approach providing a versatile and reliable way of sharing and collabora - tively complementing of health information including standard information model documents (HL7/CDA), and integration with health information systems and personal storages. The implemented mobile tele-ECG case demonstrates the overall function of the platform. The platform can be used as a basis for developing new applications for specific purposes.
A Tele-home Care System Exploiting the DVB-T Technology and MHP
Authors: Angius G. , Pani D. , Raffo L. , Randaccio P. , Seruis S. 
Published: April 2008

Summary

Objectives:
The aim of this research work is the development of a low-cost system for telemedicine based on the DVB-T technology. The diffusion of DVB-T standard and the low cost of DVB-T set-top boxes bring the vision of a capillary distribution of tele-home care monitoring systems with easy-to-use patient’s interface.

Methods:
Exploiting the potentiality of the DVB-T settop box, we transformed it into an “on-demand telehome care interface”. The Xlet we developed is able to govern the functionality of an external microcontrollerbased unit for the acquisition of the bio-signals of interest. The uplink connection is used to send the exam results to a remote care center.

Results:
The Xlet providing the patient interface on the set-top box is uploaded by a DVB-T broadcaster without any intervention in the patient’s home. A prototypal low-cost base station for the acquisition of the patient’s signals (1-lead ECG) has been developed. It is able to be connected to the set-top box via an infrared link. A smart-card-based system is in charge for the customization of the Xlet for every patient.

Conclusions:
The proposed system, based on a currently widespread infrastructure, is able to allow the patients monitoring from home without any installation procedure. Even untrained (or elderly) people can easily use such system due to their practice with the basic DVB-T home-entertainment equipments.
Penetrating injuries in dogs and cats
Authors: de Rooster H. , Taeymans O. , van Bree H. , Risselada M. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryThe objective of this retrospective study was to assess radiographical and surgical findings, surgical management and outcome of penetrating injuries in dogs and cats by evaluating patient records. Sixteen patients were identified (15 dogs and one cat), four with gunshot wounds, and 12 with fight wounds (11 with bite wounds, one struck by a claw). The thoracic cavity was affected in six patients, the abdominal cavity in three cases. Both cavities were affected in five dogs and the trachea in two cases. All of the patients with fight wounds were small breed dogs. Multiple injuries to internal organs that required intervention were found surgically after gunshot wounds and a high amount of soft tissue trauma requiring reconstruction was present after fight wounds. Radiography diagnosed body wall disruption in two cases. All of the affected thoracic body walls in the fight group had intercostal muscle disruptions which was diagnosed surgically. Fourteen patients survived until discharge and had a good outcome. In conclusion, penetrating injuries should be explored as they are usually accompanied by severe damage to either the internal organs or to the body wall. A high level of awareness is required to properly determine the degree of trauma of intercostal muscle disruption in thoracic fight wounds.
Muscle separation approach to scapular neck fractures in eight dogs
Authors: Garvan C. B. , McCartney W. T. 
Published: April 2008

Summary
Objectives: To report on a new surgical approach to scapular neck fractures. Methods: A combined prospective and retrospective study of eight dogs that had sustained a fracture of the scapular neck between 1992 and 2005 was performed. All eight dogs had an internal fixation using a T plate through a muscle separation approach. Retraction of the supraspinatus from the deltoideus and infraspinatus allows an adequate surgical window to enable plating of the scapular neck. Results: Sixty-two percent had an excellent outcome without any lameness or stiffness detected. The remaining cases experienced infrequent bouts of stiffness, or, in one case lameness. Clinical significance: The current literature recommends that the surgical approach to the scapular neck is by osteotomy of the acromion process, which is unnecessary in the authors’ opinion as it increases surgical trauma, operating time and the number of implants required.
Surgical treatment of a traumatic intracranial epidural haematoma in a dog
Authors: Cabassu J.-P. , Brochier L. , Catheland S. , Ivanoff S. , Cabassu J. B. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryA 10-month-old Czech wolf dog was unconscious after being kicked in the head by a horse. The following day, the dog was ataxic and collapsed after several steps. The level of consciousness was decreased. Cranial nerve examination was normal and right postural reactions were decreased. Spinal reflexes were intact in all limbs. The diagnostic work-up included a computed tomography (CT) scan of the head with IV contrast. A lenticular shaped, hyperdense, non-enhancing lesion was observed in the left fronto-parietal region. A diagnosis of intracranial epidural haematoma was made. Two craniotomies were performed on a different day and most of the haematoma was removed. Corticosteroids and antimicrobial therapy were administered. Fifteen days after the surgery, the clinical examinations were unremarkable. Fifteen months later, the owners considered the dog normal. Intracranial subdural or intraparenchymal haematomas have been described in the veterinary literature. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of the successful management of an intracranial epidural haematoma in the dog. In humans, these lesions are well described. Common locations are temporal, parietal and frontal regions or a combination of these regions. Patients can be asymptomatic, present with varying clinical signs, or be unconscious. Based on the human literature, following trauma to the head, a CT scan should be performed even if the patient is asymptomatic. Some authors believe that there are not any absolute indications for conservative management versus surgical management.
Joint mice migration into the deep digital flexor tendon sheath in dogs
Authors: Guerrero T. , Ohlerth S. , Hässig M. , Voss K. , Montavon P. M. , Post C. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryThis study describes the appearance of ‘joint mice’ in the sheath of the deep digital flexor muscle tendon (DDFT) due to osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions in the talocrural joint of 12 dogs. Surgical excision of all free fragments in the DDFT sheath was performed in five dogs, and their clinical progression was documented. The excision of free fragments from the DDFT sheath, but not arthro-tomy, proved clinically beneficial despite the presence of degenerative joint disease. The anatomical communication between the talocrural joint and the DDFT sheath and its dimensions are further illustrated with the use of contrast media and dissection of cadaver limbs.
Scapulohumeral osteochondrosis
Authors: Ross M. W. , Martin B. B. , Richardson D. W. , Jenner F. 
Published: April 2008

Summary
Objectives: To review the outcome of equine shoulder osteochondrosis (OC) with surgical or conservative treatment. Methods: Retrospective study of 32 horses, less than two years of age, with scapulohumeral joint (SHJ) OC. The lesion severity was graded based on measurements taken from lateromedial radiographs. Follo–up information was obtained from racing records or telephone conversations with owners. Successful outcome was defined as the ability of the horse to perform its intended use. Results: Sixteen of 32 horses were affected bilaterally (48 joints). Eleven of 16 horses with bilateral OC underwent arthroscopic surgery; five had bilateral arthroscopy, six had unilateral arthroscopy of the most severely affected joint. Eight of 16 horses with unilateral OC underwent arthroscopy. The overall outcome was ′poor′. Only 15.4% (4/26) of potential race horses started a race, whereas 67% (4/6) non-racehorses were ′sound′ for the intended use. Statistical analysis evaluating the effect of breed on outcome showed a statistically significant difference. There were no significant interactions between outcome and gender, affected limb, unilateral versus bilateral involvement, treatment or severity of the radiographic lesion. However, radiographic lesion severity on the humerus and glenoid showed significant positive correlation. Clinical significance: The overall poor prognosis for shoulder OC in young horses appears to be, in part, dependent on breed and intended use. There was not any difference in outcome between surgically and conservatively treated horses.
Tibial tuberosity conformation as a risk factor for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in the dog
Authors: Koch D. , Bass M. , Haessig M. , Inauen R. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryThe influence of the tibial tuberosity conformation on cranial cruciate ligament (CrCl) rupture was evaluated and the size of the tibial tuberosity of healthy dogs (group H) was compared with dogs with CrCl rupture (group R) and dogs treated by tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) (group T). The medio-lateral radio-graphs of 219 stifle joints were evaluated. Relative tibial tuberosity width (rTTW), proximal tibial tuberosity angle (PTTA), tibial plateau angle (TPA), tibial width (TW) and tibial plateau length (TPL) were measured on each radiograph. Body weight (BW) was measured and relative body weight (rBW) was calculated. The data from group H was compared with that of group R and group T. Group H had significantly larger rTTW, lower BW, lower rBW and smaller PTTA than group R. A comparison of groups H and T showed that dogs from group H were significantly younger, had a lower BW, a lower rBW, a greater PTTA and a smaller rTTW. In each of the comparisons, the TPA and the TW/TPL were not significantly different. The conformation of the canine tibial tuberosity has a significant influence on CrCl rupture. We hypothesized that the smaller the tibial tuberosity width, the larger the cranial tibial thrust, which results in more rapid CrCL degeneration, thus leading to rupture in a younger population of dogs. The rTTW could be a helpful measurement for breeding selection. Only dogs with a rTTW of more than 0.90 should be used for breeding.