bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechatronic Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition for Closed‐Loop and Customizable Process Control
Authors: Penley Daniel , Cho Tae H. , Brooks Andre J. , Ransohoff Lauren , Park Hyunwoo , Herman Ellis , Zhao Enpei , Trejo Orlando , Barton Kira , Dasgupta Neil P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA customized atmospheric‐pressure spatial atomic layer deposition (AP‐SALD) system is designed and implemented, which enables mechatronic control of key process parameters, including gap size and parallel alignment. A showerhead depositor delivers precursors to the substrate while linear actuators and capacitance probe sensors actively maintain gap size and parallel alignment through multiple‐axis tilt and closed‐loop feedback control. Digital control of geometric process variables with active monitoring is facilitated with a custom software control package and user interface. AP‐SALD of TiO2 is performed to validate self‐limiting deposition with the system. A novel multi‐axis printing methodology is introduced using x‐y position control to define a customized motion path, which enables an improvement in the thickness uniformity by reducing variations from 8% to 2%. In the future, this mechatronic system will enable experimental tuning of parameters that can inform multi‐physics modeling to gain a deeper understanding of AP‐SALD process tolerances, enabling new pathways for non‐traditional SALD processing that can push the technology towards large‐scale manufacturing.
Regio‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Succinimides Bearing All‐Carbon Quaternary Centers Using a Chiral Phenanthroline‐Palladium Catalyst
Authors: Kuroiwa Yudai , Tamura Masafumi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of chiral succinimides bearing all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters at the C3 position is important, but remains challenging. The present work demonstrates conjugate additions with catalysis by a chiral 1,10‐phenanthroline‐Pd complex (L1‐PdCl2) that exhibit complete regioselectivity with a high degree of enantioselectivity. These reactions afford chiral 3,3‐disubstituted succinimides having all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters with 40–99% ee. Importantly, chiral 3,3‐diaryl succinimides could also be obtained in 35–98% yields and 40–99% ee. Moreover, the present L1‐PdCl2‐catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition could be performed on the gram scale and was also used to introduce such stereocenters into bioactive molecules.
Formal Insertion of a Metal Carbene Complex into a σ‐Carbon‐Carbon Bond. Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 3H‐Indoles
Authors: Allegue Darío , Sampedro Diego , Ballesteros Alfredo , Santamaría Javier 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe report here a formal insertion of a metal carbene complex in a single carbon‐carbon bond. This behavior occurs with the participation of an α‐imino gold carbene complex, generated from benzofused triazapentalenes or, in a one‐pot procedure, from their 1‐propargyl‐1H‐benzotriazole precursors, and gold‐catalytically activated ynamides. As the result, 3H‐indole derivatives were obtained, with formation of a quaternary center. A computational analysis carried out on the reaction mechanism indicates that the bulkiness of the gold ligand plays a key role forcing a conformation, which includes aromatic interactions, that favors the approximation of the carbenic carbon to the reactive site. In addition, a negative crossover experiment rules out a cationic arene migration pathway.
Stable Cycling of Mg Metal Anodes by Regulating the Reactivity of Mg2+ Solvation Species
Authors: Li Zheng , Nguyen Dan‐Thien , Bazak J. David , Han Kee Sung , Chen Ying , Prabhakaran Venkateshkumar , Le Thuy Thanh , Cheng Zezhen , Song Minyung , Pol Vilas G. , Mueller Karl T. , Murugesan Vijayakumar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRationally designing stable nonaqueous electrolytes for Mg metal anodes demands a thorough understanding of their interfacial behaviors. Here, the critical role of cation–anion pairing in improving the cathodic stabilities of amine‐based electrolytes against solvent reduction and H2 evolution is identified. It is demonstrated that strong coordination between solvating amine groups and the Mg2+ cation facilitates the dehydrogenation of the ─NH2 group, which is mainly responsible for low reversibility during Mg metal plating and stripping. Introducing ion‐pairing into the primary solvation shell can effectively weaken the amine coordination such that its reduction is suppressed. A novel interfacial behavior regarding parasitic reaction product dissolution is also identified, which is responsible for the failure of interfacial passivation. An ion‐pairing electrolyte is developed based on a weakly‐solvated amine molecule and strongly coordinating Mg2+ salt. This electrolyte composition delivers long‐term Mg metal anode cycling with 99.6% Coulombic efficiency for 800 cycles.
Defining Solid Additive's Pivotal Role on Morphology Regulation in Organic Solar Cells Produced by Layer‐by‐layer Deposition
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Luo Yongmin , Dela Peña Top Archie , Yao Jia , Qammar Menoona , Li Mingjie , Yan He , Wu Jiaying , Ma Ruijie , Li Gang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHerein, two emerging device optimization methods, solid additive and layer‐by‐layer (LBL) process, for organic solar cells (OSCs) are simultaneously studied. Through traditional blend cast and recently proposed identical solvent LBL cast, BDCB (2‐monobromo‐1,3‐dichloro‐bezene), a benzene derivative, is used to improve the device performance based on celebrity combination PM6:L8‐BO. The results reveal that finely optimized BDCB concentration in PM6 solution can push the efficiency of LBL to 19.03% compared to blend cast with only 18.12% while the power conversion efficiency (PCE) changing trend is determined by BDCB's ratio in L8‐BO's precursor. The morphology characterizations confirm there exists no significant stratification for LBL‐processed devices, supported by a previously reported swelling‐intercalation‐phase separation (SIPS) model. Thereby, the solid additive's 2D optimization is considered a smart strategy for finely tuning the SIPS process, which results in various final morphology states. This work not only reports a cutting‐edge efficiency for binary OSCs, but also new insight and deep understanding for LBL method‐based morphology optimization strategy development.
Synthetic Peptides: Promising Modalities for the Targeting of Disease‐Related Nucleic Acids
Authors: Ellenbroek Brecht D. , Kahler Jan Pascal , Evers Sophie R. , Pomplun Sebastian J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDNA and RNA play pivotal roles in life processes by storing and transferring genetic information, modulating gene expression, and contributing to essential cellular machinery such as ribosomes. Dysregulation and mutations in nucleic acid‐related processes are implicated in numerous diseases. Despite the critical impact on health of nucleic acid mutations or dysregulation, therapeutic compounds addressing these biomolecules remain limited. Peptides have emerged as a promising class of molecules for biomedical research, offering potential solutions for challenging drug targets. This review focuses on the use of synthetic peptides to target disease‐related nucleic acids. We discuss examples of peptides targeting double‐stranded DNA, including the clinical candidate Omomyc, and compounds designed for regulatory G‐quadruplexes. Further, we provide insights into both library‐based screenings and the rational design of peptides to target regulatory human RNA scaffolds and viral RNAs, emphasizing the potential of peptides in addressing nucleic acid‐related diseases.
Unveiling the Mysteries: Acetonitrile's Dance with Weakly‐Solvating Electrolytes in Shaping Gas Evolution and Electrochemical Performance of Zinc‐ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Zhenrui , Li Yihu , Amardeep Amardeep , Shao Yijia , Zhang Yue , Zou Jian , Wang Liping , Xu Jia , Kasprzak Dawid , Hansen Evan J. , Liu Jian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAqueous Zn‐metal battery (AZMB) is a promising candidate for future large‐scale energy storage with commendable capacity, exceptional safety characteristics, and low cost. Acetonitrile (AN) has been widely used as an effective electrolyte constituent to improve AZMBs’ performance. However, its functioning mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we unveiled the critical roles of AN in AZMBs via comparative in situ electrochemical, gaseous, and morphological analyses. Despite its limited ability to solvate Zn ions, AN‐modulated Zn‐ion solvation sheath with increased anions and decreased water achieves a weakly‐solvating electrolyte. As a result, the Zn||Zn cell with AN addition exhibited 63 times longer cycle life than cell without AN and achieved a 4 Ah cm−2 accumulated capacity with no H2 generation. In V2O5||Zn cells, for the first time, AN suppressing CO2 generation, elevating CO2‐initiation voltage from 2→2.44 V (H2: 2.43→2.55 V) was discovered. AN‐impeded transit and Zn‐side deposition of dissolved vanadium ions, known as “crosstalk,” ameliorated inhomogeneous Zn deposition and dendritic Zn growth. At last, we demonstrated an AN‐enabled high‐areal‐capacity AZMB (3.3 mAh cm−2) using high‐mass‐loading V2O5 cathode (26 mg cm−2). This study shed light on the strategy of constructing fast‐desolvation electrolytes and offered insights for future electrolyte accommodation for high‐voltage AZMB cathodes.
Fabrication of Self‐Expanding Metal–Organic Cages Using a Ring‐Openable Ligand
Authors: Nishijima Ami , Osugi Yuto , Uemura Takashi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMetal–organic cages (MOCs), which are formed via coordination‐driven assembly, are being extensively developed for various applications owing to the utility of their accessible molecular‐sized cavity. While MOC structures are uniquely and precisely predetermined by the metal coordination number and ligand configuration, tailoring MOCs to further modulate the size, shape, and chemical environment of the cavities has become intensively studied for a more efficient and adaptive molecular binding. Herein, we report self‐expanding MOCs that exhibit remarkable structural variations in cage size and flexibility while maintaining their topology. A cyclic ligand with an oligomeric chain tethering the two benzene rings of stilbene was designed and mixed with RhII ions to obtain the parent MOCs. These MOCs were successfully transformed into expanded MOCs via the selective cleavage of the double bond in stilbene. The expanded MOCs could effectively trap multidentate N‐donor molecules in their enlarged cavity, in contrast to the original MOCs with a narrow cavity. As the direct synthesis of expanded MOCs is impractical because of the entropically disfavored structures, self‐expansion using ring‐openable ligands is a promising approach that allows precision engineering and the production of functional MOCs that would otherwise be inaccessible.
Synthetic Genes For Dynamic Regulation Of DNA‐Based Receptors
Authors: Sorrentino Daniela , Ranallo Simona , Nakamura Eiji , Franco Elisa , Ricci Francesco 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe present a strategy to control dynamically the loading and release of molecular ligands from synthetic nucleic acid receptors using in vitro transcription. We demonstrate this by engineering three model synthetic DNA‐based receptors: a triplex‐forming DNA complex, an ATP‐binding aptamer, and a hairpin strand, whose ability to bind their specific ligands can be cotranscriptionally regulated (activated or inhibited) through specific RNA molecules produced by rationally designed synthetic genes. The kinetics of our DNA sensors and their genetically generated inputs can be captured using differential equation models, corroborating the predictability of the approach used. This approach shows that highly programmable nucleic acid receptors can be controlled with molecular instructions provided by dynamic transcriptional systems, illustrating their promise in the context of coupling DNA nanotechnology with biological signaling.
Principles and Design of Biphasic Self‐Stratifying Batteries Toward Next‐Generation Energy Storage
Authors: Wang Zhenkang , Zhou Jinqiu , Ji Haoqing , Liu Jie , Zhou Yang , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLarge‐scale energy storage devices play pivotal roles in effectively harvesting and utilizing green renewable energies (such as solar and wind energy) with capricious nature. Biphasic self‐stratifying batteries (BSBs) have emerged as a promising alternative for grid energy storage owing to their membraneless architecture and innovative battery design philosophy, which holds promise for enhancing the overall performance of the energy storage system and reducing operation and maintenance costs. This minireview aims to provide a timely review of such emerging energy storage technology, including its fundamental design principles, existing categories, and prototype architectures. The challenges and opportunities of this undergoing research topic will also be systematically highlighted and discussed to provide guidance for the subsequent R&D of superior BSBs while conducive to bridging the gap for their future practical application.
Novel thiosemicarbazone complexes as anticancer agents: Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity, docking, and density functional theory studies
Authors: Ali Amira A. M. , Fouad Rania 
Published: March 2024

New Co (II), Ni (II), and Cu (II) complexes based on ρ‐dimethylaminobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (DABT) as chelating agents were synthesized. The structure of the three complexes was determined by elemental analysis and TGA with IR, UV–Vis, XRD, ESR spectra, conductivity, and magnetic measurements. It was found that the isolated DABT complexes have tetrahedral structure with a neutral nature. The antitumor activity of DABT complexes using viability assay was examined against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG‐2). The DABT complexes have moderate activity with respect to the standard drugs. DABT–Ni (II) complex has higher antitumor activity (IC50 = 12 μM) than the other DABT complexes. In addition, a molecular docking study was performed for DABT and its complexes to investigate their therapeutic features as topoisomerase inhibitors. It is clear that the most effective compound was DABT–Ni (II) complex to bind to 3QX3. Also, density functional theory calculations with the structure–activity relationship were computed for DABT and its complexes using the Gaussian program. There was confirmation between the obtained theoretical data and the experimental studies.
Effect of interfacial sacrificial bonds on the vulcanization and mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber/talcum powder composites
Authors: Wang Qilai , He Guangyang , Shen Xianrong , Cong Houluo , Wang Bikuan , Tian Jianjian , Xiang Yixin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTalcum powder (Talc) contains large amounts of silica; however, its poor surface compatibility with diene rubber makes it difficult to develop its application in styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR). Herein, a method to enhance the compatibility of Talc with SBR via interfacial sacrificial bonds of 4‐vinylpyridine and Mg2+/Zn2+ is proposed. Poly(isoprene‐co‐4‐vinylpyridine) copolymers, designated PIPVP‐10 and PIPVP‐20, were synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. PM1‐Talc and PM2‐Talc were obtained by spraying PIPVP‐10 and PIPVP‐20 solutions onto the Talc surface, followed by drying. During thermal vulcanization, the double bonds in the copolymers can be grafted directly onto the rubber skeleton. The vulcanization rates of the SBR/PM1‐Talc and SBR/PM2‐Talc complexes were accelerated by 65% and 77%, respectively, compared with that of SBR/Talc. Simultaneously, the interfacial interaction between SBR and Talc is enhanced owing to the formation of metal–ligand bonds between pyridine and Mg2+/Zn2+. As a result, the tensile strengths of SBR/PM1‐Talc and SBR/PM2‐Talc are 5.8 and 7.9 MPa, 65% and 127% higher than that of SBR/Talc (3.5 MPa).
Development of a machine‐learning model for microplastic analysis in an FT‐IR microscopy image
Authors: Choi Eunwoo , Choi Yejin , Lee Hyoyoung , Kim Jae‐Woo , Oh Han Bin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe escalating concern regarding microplastics (MPs) in the environment has recently accentuated the need for comprehensive analyses across various matrices. Fourier Transfrom Infrared (FT‐IR) microscopy is widely used method for MP identification, but challenges arise due to the presence of secondary materials on real samples, causing inaccuracies in spectral matching. To tackle this issue, we propose a solution: a 1D‐convolution neural network (1D‐CNN) machine‐learning model classifying FT‐IR spectra into 16 polymer species. Using a dataset of 5413 spectra, with 80% (4330) for training and 20% (1083) for external testing, our method achieved 98.59% accuracy for cross‐validation and 92.34% for external validation. This study underscores the efficacy of machine learning in discerning polymer types among MPs, even in real samples tainted by secondary materials. The implementation of our 1D‐CNN model marks a significant leap in overcoming conventional method limitations, providing a robust tool for accurately unraveling MPs intricacies in environmental matrices.
Comparison of genomic alterations in Epstein–Barr virus‐positive and Epstein–Barr virus‐negative diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Liu Fang , Tian Sufang , Liu Qing , Deng Yuanfei , He Qingyan , Shi Qianyun , Chen Gang , Xu Xiuli , Yuan Jiayin , Nakamura Shigeo , Karube Kennosuke , Wang Zhe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundEpstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (EBV‐posDLBCL) is an aggressive B‐cell lymphoma that often presents similar morphological and immune phenotype features to that of EBV‐negative DLBCL (EBV‐negDLBCL).Aims and MethodsTo better understand their difference in genomic landscape, we performed whole‐exome sequencing (WES) of EBV‐posDLBCL and EBV‐negDLBCL.ResultsThis analysis revealed a new mutational signature 17 (unknown) and signature 29 (smoking) in EBV‐posDLBCL as well as a specific mutational signature 24 (associated with aflatoxin) in EBV‐negDLBCL. Compared with EBV‐negDLBCL, more somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) and deletions were detected in EBV‐posDLBCL (p = 0.01). The most frequent CNAs specifically detected in EBV‐posDLBCL were gains at 9p24.1 (PDL1 and JAK2), 8q22.2‐q24.23 (DEPTOR and MYC), and 7q31.31‐q32.2 (MET), which were validated in additional EBV‐posDLBCL cases. Overall, 53.7% (22/41) and 62.9% (22/35) of the cases expressed PD‐L1 and c‐MET, respectively, in neoplastic cells, whereas only 15.4% (4/26) expressed c‐MYC. Neoplastic c‐MET expression was positively correlated with PD‐L1 (p < 0.001) and MYC expression (p = 0.016). However, EBV‐posDLBCL cases did not show any differences in overall survival between PD‐L1‐, c‐MET‐, or c‐MYC‐positive and ‐negative cases or between age‐related groups. Analysis of the association between somatic mutation load and EBV status showed no difference in the distribution of tumor mutant burden between the two lymphomas (p = 0.41). Recurrent mutations in EBV‐posDLBCL implicated several genes, including DCAF8L1, KLF2, and NOL9, while in EBV‐negDLBCL, ANK2, BPTF, and CNIH3 were more frequently mutated. Additionally, PIM1 is the most altered gene in all the WES‐detected cases.ConclusionsOur results confirm that genomic alteration differs significantly between EBV‐posDLBCL and EBV‐negDLBCL, and reveal new genetic alterations in EBV‐posDLBCL. The positive correlation of c‐MET and PD‐L1/c‐Myc expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of EBV‐posDLBCL, which is should be explored prospectively in trials involving MET‐directed therapies.
Mixed treatment for same‐severe mixed urinary incontinence: A novel method
Authors: Hamidi Alamdari Daryoush , Douzandeh Armina , Keshvari Shirvan Maliheh , Narouie Behzad , Radpour Negar 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageInnovative mixed treatment offers hope for persistent mixed urinary incontinence (MUI): PRP‐Fibrin Glue‐Stem Cell injection, Botox, and TVT in a single session. Successful case study reveals promising outcomes, emphasizing the need for further research.AbstractMixed urinary incontinence is a complaint of stress and urge incontinence which affects patients' quality of life and dramatic changes in patients' physical, mental, and socioeconomic status. The treatment is challenging and depends on the dominance of one of the complaints to the other. The progress in the method of treatment is still under discussion. This study reports treatment of a MUI case in a 56‐year‐old, with a history of MUI of 7‐year duration, which was persistent to pharmacological treatment, pelvic muscle training, biofeedback, and anti‐incontinence surgery (Burch Colposuspension). PRP‐Fibrin Glue‐Stem Cell injection, Botox injection, and TVT were performed in a one surgery session. Patient was discharged with ability to urinate with acceptable amount of post void residue. After 3‐month follow‐up, patient was completely satisfied and happy. Further research is needed to substantiate the efficacy of these mixed treatments for MUI.
Approach using the bath preparation containing rice extract for severe pruritus in a patient receiving hemodialysis: A case report
Authors: Suzuki Hiroshi , Yamauchi Katsuya , Uchida Shinya 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageSevere pruritus in a hemodialysis patient who had difficulty applying topical medication markedly reduced with the use of bath preparation containing rice extract. The bath preparation could be effective and an option for treating pruritus.
Kayser–Fleischer rings: The pathognomonic for Wilson's disease
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Subedi Bachaspati , Mahato Devraj , Karn Mitesh 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageWilson's disease is a genetic disorder of copper metabolism that primarily manifests with hepatic and neurological features. Kayser–Fleischer rings (KF rings) are pathognomonic of Wilson's disease and helps in establishing its diagnosis.
0.6‐V CMOS bulk‐driven instrumentation amplifier for IoMT bioimpedance analysis
Authors: Carrillo Juan M. , Ocampo‐Hidalgo Juan J. , Corbacho Israel , de la Cruz‐Blas Carlos A. , Domínguez Miguel Á. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn instrumentation amplifier (IA), aimed at wideband bioimpedance analysis in the low‐voltage low‐power scenario of internet of medical things (IoMT), is presented. The operation principle is based on the indirect current feedback technique, where an input and a feedback transconductor determine the voltage gain of the preamplifier. The required transconductors consist of two bulk‐driven flipped‐voltage‐follower cells and an active pseudo‐resistor, thus leading to a linear and compact implementation. The circuit has been designed and fabricated in 180 nm CMOS technology to operate with a 0.6‐V supply. Experimental results obtained from measurements on eight samples of the silicon prototype show that when the IA is programmed to have a nominal voltage gain of 11 V/V, the bandwidth is 316.2 kHz, the CMRR exceeds 63 dB, and the maximum output voltage that can be processed with a THD below –40 dB is 555 mV
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