bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling effect of the septic condition and trauma on C-reactive protein levels in children with sepsis: a retrospective study
Authors: Kyr Michal , Fedora Michal , Elbl Lubomir , Kugan Nishan , Michalek Jaroslav 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Introduction
Sepsis is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units and its early diagnosis is not straightforward. Many studies have evaluated the usefulness of various markers of infection, including C-reactive protein (CRP), which is the most accessible and widely used. CRP is of weak diagnostic value because of its low specificity; a better understanding of patterns of CRP levels associated with a particular form of infection may improve its usefulness as a sepsis marker. In the present article, we apply multilevel modeling techniques and mixed linear models to CRP-related data to assess the time course of CRP blood levels in association with clinical outcome in children with different septic conditions.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of 99 patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, or septic shock who were admitted to the Pediatric Critical Care Unit at the University Hospital, Brno. CRP blood levels were monitored for 10 days following the onset of the septic condition. The effect of different septic conditions and of the surgical or nonsurgical diagnosis on CRP blood levels was statistically analyzed using mixed linear models with a multilevel modeling approach.

Results
A significant effect of septic condition and diagnosis on the course of CRP levels was identified. In patients who did not progress to septic shock, CRP blood levels decreased rapidly after reaching peak values – in contrast to the values in patients with septic shock in whom CRP protein levels decreased slowly. Moreover, CRP levels in patients with a surgical diagnosis were higher than in patients with a nonsurgical condition. The magnitude of this additional elevation in surgical patients did not depend on the septic condition.

Conclusion
Understanding the pattern of change in levels of CRP associated with a particular condition may improve its diagnostic and prognostic value in children with sepsis.
Morphine effects on striatal transcriptome in mice
Authors: Korostynski Michal , Piechota Marcin , Kaminska Dorota , Solecki Wojciech , Przewlocki Ryszard 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Background
Chronic opiate use produces molecular and cellular adaptations in the nervous system that lead to tolerance, physical dependence, and addiction. Genome-wide comparison of morphine-induced changes in brain transcription of mouse strains with different opioid-related phenotypes provides an opportunity to discover the relationship between gene expression and behavioral response to the drug.

Results
Here, we analyzed the effects of single and repeated morphine administrations in selected inbred mouse strains (129P3/J, DBA/2J, C57BL/6J, and SWR/J). Using microarray-based gene expression profiling in striatum, we found 618 (false discovery rate < 1%) morphine-responsive transcripts. Through ontologic classification, we linked particular sets of genes to biologic functions, including metabolism, transmission of nerve impulse, and cell-cell signaling. We identified numerous novel morphine-regulated genes (for instance, Olig2 and Camk1g), and a number of transcripts with strain-specific changes in expression (for instance, Hspa1a and Fzd2). Moreover, transcriptional activation of a pattern of co-expressed genes (for instance, Tsc22d3 and Nfkbia) was identified as being mediated via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Further studies revealed that blockade of the GR altered morphine-induced locomotor activity and development of physical dependence.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that there are differences between strains in the magnitude of transcriptional response to acute morphine treatment and in the degree of tolerance in gene expression observed after chronic morphine treatment. Using whole-genome transcriptional analysis of morphine effects in the striatum, we were able to reveal multiple physiological factors that may influence opioid-related phenotypes and to relate particular gene networks to this complex trait. The results also suggest the possible involvement of GR-regulated genes in mediating behavioral response to morphine.
EDTA-controlled One-pot Preparation of Novel Shaped Gold Microcrystals and Their Application in Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Wang Dawei , Liu Yang , Zhou Xiaoguang , Sun Jinying , You Tianyan 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
We report a one-pot preparation method for a series of novel shaped gold microcrystals by simply mixing HAuCl4 with disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na2EDTA). Under the different reaction temperatures, spinous structures, multipod microspheres, and rough surfaced microspheres were obtained. These microcrystals exhibit high surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity.
Diketobile Acids as New Hosts in Solid-state Enantioselective Resolutions
Authors: Fantin Giancarlo , Fogagnolo Marco , Perrone Daniela , Bortolini Olga 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
New diketobile acid derivatives have been evaluated as hosts in the resolution of aryl methyl sulfoxides. The guest molecules are linked to the host ones via hydrogen bonds with the SO group. The 3,6-diketo derivative is also effective for the resolution of γ-lactames.
A High Compensation Temperature of 175 K in a Vanadium Hexacyanochromate-based Magnet
Authors: Ohkoshi Shin-ichi , Hozumi Toshiya , Mizuno Mikihisa , Hashimoto Kazuhito 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
We observed a high compensation temperature (Tcomp) of 175 K in a vanadium hexacyanochromate-based ferrimagnet, KI0.19VII0.64(VIVO)0.36[CrIII(CN)6]0.73·7.5H2O. The observed phenomenon is understood by the compensation of the positive sublattice magnetization of CrIII (S=3⁄2) and the negative sublattice magnetizations of VII (S=3⁄2) and VIV (S=1⁄2). A Tcomp value of 175 K is the highest value among molecule-based magnets reported to date.
Effects of stress due to deprivation and transport in different genotypes of house mouse
Authors: Wallace Margaret E. 
Published: June 2007

The importance of various stress factors involved in boxing and transit of wild and laboratory mice on a 28 hour journey was studied. Transference from laboratory cage to transit box alone caused weight loss; under the best conditions the laboratory mice lost 5% of their initial weight and wild ones 8%. Deprivation of food resulted in absolute loss of weight; from this death ensued when 20% of initial weight was lost: the smaller wild mice died sooner than the larger laboratory ones. Water deprivation resulted in retarding recovery of weight lost; wild mice took longer to recover than laboratory ones. It also caused weight loss and, in conjunction with deprivation of food, poor condition and death. Transit itself affected percentage weight loss and wheat consumption; wild mice were affected differently from laboratory mice in both respects. Genotype is seen to be important not only in controlling initial weight and activity level, but also-and independently of weight-the total food requirement. In the light of these findings current literature giving guidance on shipment of small mammals is shown to be inadequate, and certain recommendations are given.
Antipodal trees and mutually critical points on surfaces
Authors: Zamfirescu Tudor 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
To any point on an Alexandrov surface homeomorphic to the sphere one can associate a minimal subtree of the cut locus containing all farthest points. It is called the antipodal tree.
Two points of a compact orientable Alexandrov surface are called mutually critical if each of them is critical with respect to the other. All points which are mutually critical with a given point form a set. In this paper we show that this set, as well as the set of endpoints of any antipodal tree, are finite.
On a new class of embedded hypersurfaces in with nonzero constant mean curvature
Authors: Cruz Victor A , Palmas Oscar , Reyes J. Guadalupe 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
We build a new class of embedded hypersurfaces in

which have nonzero constant mean curvature and are O(m)×O(n)-invariant. For this we consider a 1-parameter family of planar vector fields associated to the differential equation of mean curvature.
Dirac structures and generalized complex structures on
Authors: Vaisman Izu 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
We consider Courant and Courant–Jacobi brackets on the stable tangent bundle TM × ℝ
h
of a differentiable manifold and corresponding Dirac, Dirac–Jacobi and generalized complex structures. We prove that Dirac and Dirac–Jacobi structures on TM × ℝ
h
can be prolonged to TM × ℝ
k
, k > h, by means of commuting infinitesimal automorphisms. Some of the stable generalized complex structures are a natural generalization of the normal almost contact structures; they are expressible by a system of tensors (P, θ, F, Za
, ξ
a
) (a = 1, …, h), where P is a Poisson bivector field, θ is a 2-form, F is a (1, 1)-tensor field, Za
are vector fields and ξ
a
are 1-forms, which satisfy conditions that generalize the conditions satisfied by a normal almost contact structure (F, Z, ξ). We prove that such a generalized structure projects to a generalized complex structure of a space of leaves and we characterize the structure by means of the projected structure and of a normal bundle of the foliation. Like in the Boothby–Wang theorem about contact manifolds, principal torus bundles with a connection over a generalized complex manifold provide examples of this kind of generalized normal almost contact structures.
(Nicht)Flexion des Substantiv(s). Neue Überlegungen zum finiten Substantiv / (Non)inflection of the substantive. New thoughts on the finite substantive
Authors: Ágel Vilmos 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe current article aims at an adequate description and a plausible explanation of the inflecting and non-inflecting behavior of substantives in modern German. The concept of the (in)finite substantive forms the theoretical framework of the study. Typological and language-historical arguments are brought forward which support the theory that the form of the respective gender realization motivates the form of the respective case realization. Since the realization of gender is periphrastic in the singular and synthetic in the plural, the realization of case is respectively also periphrastic and synthetic. The argumentation calls for, among other things, a new approach to gender. It is assumed that the categorization of gender is not limited to the singular, but rather also extends to the plural. The system of plural marking – with the exception of the
Low-Salinity Resistance of Juvenile Cobias
Authors: Burkey K , Young S P , Smith T I J , Tomasso J R 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Juvenile cobias Rachycentron canadum were exposed to decreasing salinity (∼1‰ per day) in a series of five experiments to assess their low-salinity resistance. All fish survived for 24 h at a salinity of 2‰, but 73% died within 24 h of a reduction to 1‰ salinity. Plasma osmolality decreased significantly with decreasing salinity. Fish held for 7 d at 2, 5, or 8‰ after an approximately 1‰ daily reduction differed significantly in plasma osmolality; fish held at a salinity of 2‰ exhibited significantly lower plasma osmolality than fish in the other treatments. Doubling the environmental Ca concentration did not affect plasma osmolality. The results indicate that cobias have limited euryhaline abilities but not enough to sustain low-salinity culture operations.
Application of the neuroblastoma assay for paralytic shellfish poisons to neurotoxic freshwater cyanobacteria: Interlaboratory calibration and comparison with other methods of analysis
Authors: Humpage Andrew R. , Ledreux Aurélie , Fanok Stella , Bernard Cécile , Briand Jean-François , Eaglesham Geoff , Papageorgiou John , Nicholson Brenton , Steffensen Dennis 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Paralytic shellfish poisons (PSPs) are produced by freshwater cyanobacteria and pose a threat to human and animal drinking-water supplies. The wide range of toxin analogues (and the likelihood that further analogues remain to be discovered) means that chromatographic methods are not always reliable indicators of toxicity. Although the mouse bioassay remains the method of choice in the seafood industry, its use is increasingly being questioned on ethical grounds. The cell-based Neuro-2A neuroblastoma toxicity assay is an alternative bioassay validated for testing shellfish extracts, so it was of interest to determine its applicability with the different suite of toxin analogues produced by cyanobacteria. Cyanobacterial bloom samples from Australia, Brazil, and France were assayed using the neuroblastoma assay, liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), high-performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn derivatization and fluorescence detection, and the Jellett Rapid Test for PSP™. To assess interlaboratory variability, the neuroblastoma assay was set up in laboratories in Paris (France) and Adelaide (Australia). Neuroblastoma and chromatographic methods gave comparable results except in the case of the neurotoxic Brazilian samples: LC-MS/MS did not detect the putative new PSPs contained in these samples. Inter- and intralaboratory variability of the neuroblastoma assay was typical of biological assays but no greater than that found for interassay variability between different chromatographic determinations. The batch of Jellett Rapid Tests for PSP used did not yield quantitative results. Overall, the neuroblastoma assay was useful as a screening assay for determination of toxicity caused by saxitoxin neurotoxins in freshwater cyanobacteria, having the advantage of being sensitive to unidentified toxins that currently cannot be quantified by chromatographic means.
Comparison of hardness- and chloride-regulated acute effects of sodium sulfate on two freshwater crustaceans
Authors: Soucek David John 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Based on previous observations that hardness (and potentially chloride) influences sodium sulfate toxicity, the objective of the current study was to quantify the influence of both chloride and water hardness on acute toxicity to Hyalella azteca and Ceriodaphnia dubia. In addition, observed toxicity data from the present study were compared to toxicity predictions by the salinity/toxicity relationship (STR) model. Hardness had a strong influence on sulfate toxicity that was similar for both crustaceans, and nearly identical median lethal concentration (LC50)/hardness slopes were observed for the two species over the tested range. Chloride had a strong but variable influence on sulfate acute toxicity, depending on the species tested and the concentration range. At lower chloride concentrations, LC50s for H. azteca strongly were correlated positively with chloride concentration, although chloride did not affect the toxicity of sodium sulfate to C. dubia. The opposite trend was observed over the higher range of chloride concentrations where there was a negative correlation between chloride concentration and sulfate LC50 for both species. The widely ranging values for both species and a high correlation between LC50s in terms of sulfate and conductivity suggested that, whether based on sulfate, conductivity, or total dissolved solids (TDS), attempts at water quality standard development should incorporate the fact that water quality parameters such as hardness and chloride strongly influence the toxicity of high TDS solutions. The STR model predicted toxicity to C. dubia relatively well when chloride was variable and hardness fixed at approximately 100 mg/L; however, the model did not account for the protective effect of hardness on major ion/TDS toxicity.
Cadmium accumulation in herbivorous and carnivorous small mammals: Meta-analysis of field data and validation of the bioaccumulation model optimal modeling for ecotoxicological applications
Authors: Veltman Karin , Huijbregts Mark A. J. , Hamers Timo , Wijnhoven Sander , Hendriks A. Jan 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Environmental risk assessment procedures often use bioaccumulation as a criterion for hazard identification of a polluted location. Field studies regarding metal concentrations in food chains, however, have provided widely different information, because accumulation is shown to vary between the extremes of bioreduction and biomagnification. Bioaccumulation models provide insight regarding species-specific uptake and elimination kinetics of metals and assist in the interpretation of field data. Here, we use the bioaccumulation model OMEGA (Optimal Modeling for Ecotoxicological Applications) to estimate cadmium accumulation in herbivorous voles and carnivorous shrews. In addition to model validation, a meta-analysis of cadmium accumulation data is performed, because earlier studies generally have focused on relationships between cadmium concentrations in either specific tissues (kidney and liver) or whole-body concentrations and total soil levels. Additionally, we included the food—small mammal relationship. Our results show that cadmium whole-body concentrations are significantly related to cadmium levels in food items such as earthworms and plants. In addition, a significant relationship is found between cadmium accumulation in the liver and kidney of small mammals and total soil levels. Cadmium concentrations in shrews typically are an order of magnitude higher than metal levels in voles as a result of higher metal accumulation in earthworms compared to plants. Model predictions for both voles and shrews are in good agreement with field observations; deviations generally are within a factor of five. Small mammals prevent cadmium toxicity by binding this metal to metallothionein, which likely results in low elimination rates. Comparison with empirical elimination rates shows that rate constants of loss are accurately predicted assuming that cadmium is only released via growth dilution.
Theory and Application of Landfarming to Remediate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Mineral Oil‐Contaminated Sediments; Beneficial Reuse
Authors: Harmsen J. , Rulkens W.H. , Sims R.C. , Rijtema P.E. , Zweers A.J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWhen applying landfarming for the remediation of contaminated soil and sediment, a fraction of the soil‐bound contaminant is rapidly degraded; however, a residual concentration may remain, which slowly degrades. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and mineral oil can be described using a multi‐compartment model and first‐order kinetics, in which three degradable fractions are distinguished; (1) rapid, (2) slowly, and (3) very slowly degradable. Using this model populated with data from long‐term experiments (initiated in 1990), it is shown that time frames from years to decades can be necessary to clean the soil or sediment to obtain a target below regulatory guidelines. In passive landfarms without active management, three principal potentially limiting factors can be identified: (1) availability of appropriate microorganisms, (2) supply of oxygen for the biodegradation process, and (3) bioavailability of the pollutants to the microorganisms. Bioavailable PAHs and mineral oil are readily biodegradable contaminants under aerobic conditions, and presence and activity of microorganisms are not problems. The other two factors can be limiting and are theoretically described. Using these descriptions, which are in agreement with field experiments of 10 to 15 yr, it is shown if and when optimization of the biodegradation process is an option. Because a long time period is necessary to degrade the slowly and very slowly degradable fractions, passive landfarming should be combined with beneficial use of the land area. Examples include the development of natural environments, use in constructions, growing of biomass for energy production, including biofuels, and use as cover for landfills.
Changes in Microbial Biomass Parameters of a Heavy Metal‐Contaminated Calcareous Soil during a Field Remediation Experiment
Authors: Clemente R. , de la Fuente C. , Moral R. , Bernal M. P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSoil microbial biomass parameters give useful information about the restoration degree and quality of contaminated soils. These parameters were studied in a field experiment where the effect of two organic amendments on the bioavailability of heavy metals in an agricultural soil and on their accumulation in Beta vulgaris and Beta maritima was assessed. The soil was a calcareous Xeric Torriorthent and the total metal levels were (mg kg−1): 2706 Zn, 3235 Pb, and 39 Cu. The treatments were: fresh cow manure, olive husk, and inorganic fertilizer as a control. Two successive crops (B. vulgaris and B. maritima) were grown on the treated and untreated plots. The soil was sampled before each planting and after each harvest over a 15‐mo period. Biomass C and N increased in all plots, especially in the organically amended ones. The ratio CO2–C/biomass C decreased in olive husk and manure‐treated plots, in comparison with the control, and also during the experiment, suggesting a beneficial effect of the organic amendments. In olive husk‐treated plots a significant increase in the ratio of biomass C/total organic carbon (TOC) with time was observed. This indicated a reduction of heavy metal stress on the microbial population. The amendments showed, in general, a beneficial effect on soil quality and fertility, while microbial biomass parameters were found to be useful indicators of the evolution of the remediation processes.
Remediation of Heavy Metal–Contaminated Forest Soil Using Recycled Organic Matter and Native Woody Plants
Authors: Helmisaari H.‐S. , Salemaa M. , Derome J. , Kiikkilä O. , Uhlig C. , Nieminen T. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to determine how the application of a mulch cover (a mixture of household biocompost and woodchips) onto heavy metal–polluted forest soil affects (i) long‐term survival and growth of planted dwarf shrubs and tree seedlings and (ii) natural revegetation. Native woody plants (Pinus sylvestris, Betula pubescens, Empetrum nigrum, and Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi) were planted in mulch pockets on mulch‐covered and uncovered plots in summer 1996 in a highly polluted Scots pine stand in southwest Finland. Spreading a mulch layer on the soil surface was essential for the recolonization of natural vegetation and increased dwarf shrub survival, partly through protection against drought. Despite initial mortality, transplant establishment was relatively successful during the following 10 yr. Tree species had higher survival rates, but the dwarf shrubs covered a larger area of the soil surface during the experiment. Especially E. nigrum and P. sylvestris proved to be suitable for revegetating heavy metal–polluted and degraded forests. Natural recolonization of pioneer species (e.g., Epilobium angustifolium, Taraxacum coll., and grasses) and tree seedlings (P. sylvestris, Betula sp., and Salix sp.) was strongly enhanced on the mulched plots, whereas there was no natural vegetation on the untreated plots. These results indicate that a heavy metal–polluted site can be ecologically remediated without having to remove the soil. Household compost and woodchips are low‐cost mulching materials that are suitable for restoring heavy metal–polluted soil.