bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accidental Entrapment of an Endo‐Bronchial Blocker Tip by a Surgical Stapler During Selective Ventilation for Lung Lobectomy in a Dog
Authors: LEVIONNOIS OLIVIER L. , BERGADANO ALESSANDRA , SCHATZMANN URS 
Published: January 2006

Objective— To describe the use of an endobronchial blocker (EBB) and to perform selective ventilation during pulmonary lobe resection via thoracotomy in a dog and report its accidental stapling in the resection site.Study Design— Clinical case report.Animal— One female dog with a suspected abscess or neoplasia of the right caudal pulmonary lobe.Methods— One‐lung ventilation was performed using a wire‐guided EBB to seal the contaminated parenchyma and facilitate surgical access. The affected lung parenchyma was resected and the resection site was closed with staples.Results— Lobar resection was performed successfully, but the loop of the EBB guide wire was inadvertently entrapped in the staple line of the lobectomy. Staples were removed to release the wire loop, and the resulting air leak caused loss of ventilation control until the parenchyma was re‐sealed.Conclusions— We recommend removing the wire guide associate with the EBB after successful lung separation to avoid accidents that could have life‐threatening consequences if not recognized.Clinical Relevance— One‐lung ventilation is useful to isolate healthy parenchyma from diseased parenchyma during lobectomy. Anesthesiologists and surgeons need to be aware of the potential complications associated with use of EBB.
Use of Scintigraphy for Diagnosis of Equine Paranasal Sinus Disorders
Authors: BARAKZAI SAFIA , TREMAINE HENRY , DIXON PADDY 
Published: January 2006

Objectives— To describe and analyze subjective and objective scintigraphic findings in horses with paranasal sinus disorders.Animals— Horses with suspected disorders of the paranasal sinuses or cheek teeth (n=48) and control horses (n=30).Methods— 99Technetium‐methylenediphosphate (99Tc‐MDP; 7500 MBq) was administered for scintigraphic examination of the skull. Abnormal patterns of increased radionuclide uptake (IRU) were identified and subjectively described. Scintigrams and radiographs were blindly assessed by 2 clinicians and the accuracy of the imaging modalities was compared. Objective analysis was performed by comparing regions of interest (ROI) drawn over areas of abnormal IRU to the equivalent area on the unaffected side using the Mann–Whitney test. An ROI ratio (affected:non‐affected sides) was also calculated for each lesion.Results— Twenty‐eight horses were diagnosed with primary (15) or secondary (13) sinusitis. Nine primary sinusitis cases had focal area(s) of moderate or marked IRU in addition to a more diffuse uptake in the affected sinus(es). κ was marginally higher for scintigraphic assessment of paranasal sinus disorders than for radiographic assessment. There were significant differences in mean counts/pixel in ROI drawn on the affected side compared with the non‐affected side. There was considerable overlap between the magnitudes of ROI ratios found with many different disorders.Conclusions— Scintigraphy can be useful for differentiation of sinusitis of dental origin from other causes of sinusitis. Quantitative analysis of scintigrams is not reliable for identification of particular disorders.Clinical Relevance— Focal areas of moderate or marked IRU may be observed with primary sinusitis. Careful 3‐dimensional localization of the lesion, along with consideration of other clinical and diagnostic findings should be performed to prevent false‐positive diagnoses of periapical infection in such instances.
Psychological impact on implant patients' oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Ra'ed Omar Abu Hantash , Mahmoud Khalid AL‐Omiri , Ahed Mahmoud AL‐Wahadni 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectives: The literature has shown that patients' satisfaction with dental prostheses is associated with the existence of certain personality profiles. It is important to study such relationships in dental implant patients.Material and methods: Fifty patients (28 men and 22 women), aged between 22 and 71 years (mean age 43.22 years, SD 12.24 years), who were partially edentulous and were seeking dental implant therapy were entered into this study. The patients were requested to answer two reliable and valid questionnaires – the Dental Impact on Daily Living (DIDL) and the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI) – before implant treatment and 2–3 months after prosthodontic rehabilitation therapy.Results: Certain personality traits were found to have a significant relationship with patients' satisfaction with dental implants both before and after implant therapy (P<0.05). Neuroticism score had valuable features in predicting patients' total satisfaction ratings (P=0), satisfaction with appearance dimension (P=0), satisfaction with oral comfort dimension (P=0.005) as well as satisfaction with general performance dimension (P=0).Conclusion: Personality traits have an impact on patients' satisfaction with dental implant therapy. In addition, personality traits provide valuable information for the prediction of patients' satisfaction with their implant‐supported prostheses. Neuroticism, openness, agreeableness and consciousness are very helpful in this regard. Neuroticism was found the main predictor of the patients' oral health‐related quality of life following implant treatment.
Radiographic assessment of bone density around integrated titanium implants after ovariectomy in rats
Authors: Sakakura Celso Eduardo , Giro Gabriela , Gonçalves Daniela , Pereira Rosa Maria Rodrigues , Orrico Silvana Regina Perez , Marcantonio Jr Elcio 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectives: This study evaluated the influence of ovariectomy 8 weeks after implant placement on bone integrated to titanium implants.Material and methods: Thirty‐eight female rats were submitted to a titanium implant at the tibiae proximal methaphysis. After a healing period of 8 weeks the animals were randomly divided into three groups: control (CTL‐10 animals), sham‐operated (SHAM‐14 animals) and ovariectomy (OVX‐14 animals). The CTL group was then sacrificed in order to confirm integration of the implant. The SHAM group was submitted to fictitious surgery and the OVX group was submitted to bilateral ovariectomy. After 12 weeks post‐implant placement, the SHAM and OVX groups were sacrificed. In order to confirm the systemic osteopenia in rats, a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed. For the evaluation of bone density, digital radiographs were taken. The grey level of the bone adjacent to implant was measured using image software and the bone density was calculated at six points on both sides of the implant.Results: Densitometry measurements of the femur confirmed systemic bone mass loss in the OVX group. Individualized bone analyses of different regions surrounding the implant showed a significantly lower radiographic bone density (P<0.05) in the cancellous region of the OVX group (77.48±23.39 grey levels) when compared with the CTL and SHAM groups (91.61±32.10 and 102.57±32.50 grey levels, respectively).Conclusions: The present study showed a decrease of the radiographic bone density in the cancellous region of bone around titanium implants placed 8 weeks before ovariectomy in rats.
Factors Limiting Post‐logging Seedling Regeneration by Big‐leaf Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) in Southeastern Amazonia, Brazil, and Implications for Sustainable Management1
Authors: Grogan James , Galvão Jurandir 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTPost‐logging seedling regeneration density by big‐leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), a nonpioneer light‐demanding timber species, is generally reported to be low to nonexistent. To investigate factors limiting seedling density following logging within the study region, we quantified seed production rates, germinability, dispersal patterns, and seed fates on the forest floor through germination and the first seedling growing season in southeastern Amazonia, Brazil. Fruit production rates were low by three logged and one unlogged populations compared to reports from other regions. Commercial‐sized trees (>60 cm diameter) were more fecund than noncommercial trees (30–60 cm diameter) at two sites, averaging 14.5 vs. 3.9 fruits/tree/year, respectively, at Marajoara, a logged site, over 8 yr. Fruit capsules contained an average of 60.3 seeds/fruit, 70 percent of which appeared viable by visual inspection. Sixty‐seven to 72 percent of apparently viable seeds germinated in nursery beds 2.5 mo after the dispersal period, when wet season rains began. Dry season winds blew most seeds west‐northwest of parent trees, with median dispersal distances of 28 and 9 m on west and east sides of parent trees, respectively. Nearly 100 percent of seeds fell within an area of 0.91 ha. On the forest floor beneath closed canopies, mammals, invertebrates, and fungal pathogens killed 40 percent of apparently viable seeds, while 36 percent germinated. Nine months after seedling establishment—midway through the first logging season following seed dispersal—14 percent of outplanted seeds survived as seedlings, representing 5.8 seeds/fruit. We conclude that seedlings are likely to survive in logging gaps at appreciable densities only in rare cases where previous year fruit production rates by logged trees were high (4–12.5% of commercial‐sized trees/year at Marajoara) and where tree crowns were felled in west or northwest directions.
Exact Solution for Two‐Dimensional Flow to a Well in an Anisotropic Domain
Authors: Fitts Charles R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAlthough most current applications of the analytic element method are formulated for isotropic hydraulic conductivity, anisotropic domains can be modeled with analytic elements using the well‐known coordinate transformation where one coordinate axis is scaled by the square root of the anisotropy ratio. If the standard analytic solution for steady radial flow to a well is used with this coordinate transformation, the resulting solution correctly models the far field but it does not meet the constant head boundary condition at the well radius. This could be a significant shortcoming if you are interested in the flow field close to the well or want to estimate the head at the pumping well. A new solution for two‐dimensional steady flow to a well in an anisotropic domain is presented. This solution satisfies the governing equations exactly and meets the constant head boundary condition at the well radius exactly. It was derived using a conformal mapping.
Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of Combined Subzero Temperature and High Pressure on Inactivation ofEscherichia coli
Authors: Moussa Marwen , Perrier-Cornet Jean-Marie , Gervais Patrick 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTThe combined effects of subzero temperature and high pressure on the inactivation ofEscherichia coliK12TG1 were investigated. Cells of this bacterial strain were exposed to high pressure (50 to 450 MPa, 10-min holding time) at two temperatures (−20°C without freezing and 25°C) and three water activity levels (aw) (0.850, 0.992, and ca. 1.000) achieved with the addition of glycerol. There was a synergistic interaction between subzero temperature and high pressure in their effects on microbial inactivation. Indeed, to achieve the same inactivation rate, the pressures required at −20°C (in the liquid state) were more than 100 MPa less than those required at 25°C, at pressures in the range of 100 to 300 MPa with an awof 0.992. However, at pressures greater than 300 MPa, this trend was reversed, and subzero temperature counteracted the inactivation effect of pressure. When the amount of water in the bacterial suspension was increased, the synergistic effect was enhanced. Conversely, when the awwas decreased by the addition of solute to the bacterial suspension, the baroprotective effect of subzero temperature increased sharply. These results support the argument that water compression is involved in the antimicrobial effect of high pressure. From a thermodynamic point of view, the mechanical energy transferred to the cell during the pressure treatment can be characterized by the change in volume of the system. The amount of mechanical energy transferred to the cell system is strongly related to cell compressibility, which depends on the water quantity in the cytoplasm.
Production and Characterization of a Thermostable Alcohol Dehydrogenase That Belongs to the Aldo-Keto Reductase Superfamily
Authors: Machielsen Ronnie , Uria Agustinus R. , Kengen Servé W. M. , van der Oost John 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACT

The gene encoding a novel alcohol dehydrogenase that belongs to the aldo-keto reductase superfamily has been identified in the hyperthermophilic archaeon
Pyrococcus furiosus
. The gene, referred to as
adhD
, was functionally expressed in
Escherichia coli
and subsequently purified to homogeneity. The enzyme has a monomeric conformation with a molecular mass of 32 kDa. The catalytic activity of the enzyme increases up to 100°C, and a half-life value of 130 min at this temperature indicates its high thermostability. AdhD exhibits a broad substrate specificity with, in general, a preference for the reduction of ketones (pH optimum, 6.1) and the oxidation of secondary alcohols (pH optimum, 8.8). Maximal specific activities were detected with 2,3-butanediol (108.3 U/mg) and diacetyl-acetoin (22.5 U/mg) in the oxidative and reductive reactions, respectively. Gas chromatrography analysis indicated that AdhD produced mainly (S)-2-pentanol (enantiomeric excess, 89%) when 2-pentanone was used as substrate. The physiological role of AdhD is discussed.
Identification, Mutagenesis, and Transcriptional Analysis of the Methanesulfonate Transport Operon of
Methylosulfonomonas methylovora
Authors: Jamshad Mohammed , De Marco Paolo , Pacheco Catarina C. , Hanczar Timea , Murrell J. Colin 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACT

Recently identified genes located downstream (3′) of the
msmEF
(transport encoding) gene cluster,
msmGH
, and located 5′ of the structural genes for methanesulfonate monooxygenase (MSAMO) are described from
Methylosulfonomonas methylovora
. Sequence analysis of the derived polypeptide sequences encoded by these genes revealed a high degree of identity to ABC-type transporters. MsmE showed similarity to a putative periplasmic substrate binding protein, MsmF resembled an integral membrane-associated protein, and MsmG was a putative ATP-binding enzyme. MsmH was thought to be the cognate permease component of the sulfonate transport system. The close association of these putative transport genes to the MSAMO structural genes
msmABCD
suggested a role for these genes in transport of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) into
M. methylovora. msmEFGH
and
msmABCD
constituted two operons for the coordinated expression of MSAMO and the MSA transporter systems. Reverse-transcription-PCR analysis of
msmABCD
and
msmEFGH
revealed differential expression of these genes during growth on MSA and methanol. The
msmEFGH
operon was constitutively expressed, whereas MSA induced expression of
msmABCD
. A mutant defective in
msmE
had considerably slower growth rates than the wild type, thus supporting the proposed role of MsmE in the transport of MSA into
M. methylovora
.
Real-Time PCR for the Detection and Quantification of
Geodermatophilaceae
from Stone Samples and Identification of New Members of the Genus
Blastococcus
Authors: Salazar Oscar , Valverde Aranzazu , Genilloud Olga 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACT

Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) technology was used for the specific detection and quantification of members of the family
Geodermatophilaceae
in stone samples. Differences in the nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene region were used to design a pair of family-specific primers that were used to detect and quantify by RT-PCR DNA from members of this family in stone samples from different geographical origins in Spain. These primers were applied later to identify by PCR-specific amplification new members of the family
Geodermatophilaceae
isolated from the same stone samples. The diversity and taxonomic position of the wild-type strains identified from ribosomal sequence analysis suggest the presence of a new lineage within the genus
Blastococcus
.
A
Bacillus thuringiensis
S-Layer Protein Involved in Toxicity against
Epilachna varivestis
(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Peña Guadalupe , Miranda-Rios Juan , de la Riva Gustavo , Pardo-López Liliana , Soberón Mario , Bravo Alejandra 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACT

The use of
Bacillus thuringiensis
as a biopesticide is a viable alternative for insect control since the insecticidal Cry proteins produced by these bacteria are highly specific; harmless to humans, vertebrates, and plants; and completely biodegradable. In addition to Cry proteins,
B. thuringiensis
produces a number of extracellular compounds, including S-layer proteins (SLP), that contribute to virulence. The S layer is an ordered structure representing a proteinaceous paracrystalline array which completely covers the surfaces of many pathogenic bacteria. In this work, we report the identification of an S-layer protein by the screening of
B. thuringiensis
strains for activity against the coleopteran pest
Epilachna varivestis
(Mexican bean beetle; Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). We screened two
B. thuringiensis
strain collections containing unidentified Cry proteins and also strains isolated from dead insects. Some of the
B. thuringiensis
strains assayed against
E. varivestis
showed moderate toxicity. However, a
B. thuringiensis
strain (GP1) that was isolated from a dead insect showed a remarkably high insecticidal activity. The parasporal crystal produced by the GP1 strain was purified and shown to have insecticidal activity against
E. varivestis
but not against the lepidopteran
Manduca sexta
or
Spodoptera frugiperda
or against the dipteran
Aedes aegypti
. The gene encoding this protein was cloned and sequenced. It corresponded to an S-layer protein highly similar to previously described SLP in
Bacillus anthracis
(EA1) and
Bacillus licheniformis
(OlpA). The phylogenetic relationships among SLP from different bacteria showed that these proteins from
Bacillus cereus
,
Bacillus sphaericus
,
B. anthracis
,
B. licheniformis
, and
B. thuringiensis
are arranged in the same main group, suggesting similar origins. This is the first report that demonstrates that an S-layer protein is directly involved in toxicity to a coleopteran pest.
Routes of Intraspecies Transmission ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): a Field Study
Authors: Judge Johanna , Kyriazakis Ilias , Greig Alastair , Davidson Ross S. , Hutchings Michael R. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTRabbits have been increasingly linked to the persistence of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in domestic ruminants in the United Kingdom. The aims of this study were to determine the routes of intraspecies transmission ofMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(MAP) in rabbits and to estimate the probability of transmission via each route, in order to gain understanding of the dynamics of MAP in this host. Rabbits were sampled from two sites where MAP had previously been isolated from the livestock and rabbit populations. No pathology was noted in any animals, but the overall prevalence of MAP in rabbits was high at both sites studied, 39.7% and 23.0%, respectively. MAP was isolated from the testes, uterus, placenta, fetuses, and milk. This is the first time that the bacterium has been isolated from any of these tissues in a nonruminant wildlife species. These results suggest that transmission may occur vertically, pseudovertically, and horizontally. Vertical, i.e., transplacental, and/or pseudo-vertical, i.e., through the ingestion of contaminated milk and/or feces, transmission occurred in 14% of offspring entering the population at 1 month of age. As infection via these routes is only possible from infected adult females, this equates to a probability of infection via this route of 0.326. Probability of infection via horizontal transmission (including interspecies transmission) occurred at up to 0.037 per month. The presence of these routes of transmission within natural rabbit populations will contribute to the maintenance of MAP infections within such populations and, therefore, the environment.
Expression of Transcription Activator ComK of
Bacillus subtilis
in the Heterologous Host
Lactococcus lactis
Leads to a Genome-Wide Repression Pattern: a Case Study of Horizontal Gene Transfer
Authors: Susanna Kim A. , den Hengst Chris D. , Hamoen Leendert W. , Kuipers Oscar P. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACT

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is generally considered a possible mechanism by which bacteria acquire new genetic properties. Especially when pathogenicity genes are involved, HGT might have important consequences for humans. In this report we describe a case study of HGT in which a transcriptional activator, ComK of
Bacillus subtilis
, was introduced into a heterologous host species,
Lactococcus lactis
. ComK is the central regulator of competence development, activating transcription by binding to a ComK-binding site, a so-called K-box. Interestingly,
L. lactis
does not contain a
comK
gene, but it does contain almost 400 putatively functional K-boxes, as well as homologues of a number of competence genes. In this study, the effect of HGT of
B. subtilis comK
into
L. lactis
was investigated by determining the effects on the transcription profile using DNA microarray analyses. Production of wild-type ComK was shown to stimulate the transcription of 89 genes and decrease the expression of 114 genes. Notably, potential direct effects (i.e., genes preceded by a K-box) were found mainly among repressed genes, suggesting that ComK functions as a repressor in
L. lactis
. This is a remarkable difference between
L. lactis
and
B. subtilis
, in which ComK almost exclusively activates transcription. Additional DNA microarray analyses with a transcription activation-deficient but DNA-binding ComK variant, ComKΔC25, demonstrated that there were similar effects on gene regulation with this variant and with wild-type ComK, confirming that the direct effects of ComK result from interference with normal transcription through binding to available K-boxes. This study demonstrates that horizontal gene transfer can have dramatic effects that are very different than those that are expected on basis of the original functionality of a gene.