bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential regulation of γ and δ T cell antigen receptor gene expression by phorbol esters and Ca2+ ionophores in the acute lymphocyte leukemia DND41 cell line
Authors: Martinez‐Valdez Hector , Takihara Yoshihiro , Champagne Eric , Minden Mark , Mak Tak W. , Cohen Amos 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have investigated the role of two signal transduction pathways on the regulation of the γ and δ T cell antigen receptor (TcR) gene expression, in the acute lymphocytic leukemic cell line DND41. Protein kinase C (PKC) activation, and intracellular free Ca2+ mobilization, initiated by phorbol esters and calcium ionophores, respectively, not only acted independently but, more interestingly, their effects were antagonistic, suggesting a role for these signals during T cell differentiation. The Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin, increased the levels of intracellular free Ca2+ and induced the expression of the γ and δ chains of the T cell antigen receptor in a concentration‐dependent manner. The phorbol ester 12‐myristate 13‐acetate down‐regulated the basal γ TcR expression with marginal effect on δ TcR mRNA, but diminished the induction of both γ and δ TcR, initiated by the Ca2+ ionophore. These antagonistic effects of the two arms of the phospholipase C‐mediated signal transduction pathways, i.e. PKC activation and increased intracellular free Ca2+, were specific to the regulation of the γ and δ TcR, since the same signals exerted a synergistic effect on the mRNA levels of interleukin 2 receptor. These data confirm our hypothesis that the antagonistic regulation on the γ and δ TcR gene expression by phorbol esters and calcium ionophores occurs in the same cell, and stresses the biological significance of PKC activation and intracellular free calcium mobilization during intrathymic differentiation and selection.
Single‐Crystal Structure and Magnetic Behavior of a Molecule‐Based Ferrimagnet Mn[Mn0.2Cr0.8(CN)6]·4H2O
Authors: Shen Xiao‐Ping , Li Yi‐Zhi , Song You , Xu Zheng , Guo Guo‐Cong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe compound with the stoichiometry MnIII[MnIII0.2CrIII0.8(CN)6]·4H2O (1), which was prepared by slow diffusion of an aqueous solution of K3[Cr(CN)6] and a methanol solution of [Mn(saltn)]ClO4 [saltn = N,N′‐1,3‐propylenebis(salicylideneiminato) dianion] through a U‐shaped tube containing silica gel, has been characterized by elemental analysis, ICP analysis, XPS, single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis, and magnetic measurements. The complex has a face‐centered cubic lattice analogous to Prussian blue and indicates ferrimagnetic ordering below Tc = 63 K. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Simultaneous determination of myo‐inositol and scyllo‐inositol by MEKC as a rapid monitoring tool for inositol levels
Authors: Tzeng Huey‐Fen , Chen Jin‐Yi , Huang Shih‐Wei , Wang Yu‐Jing , Yang Chung‐Shi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA simple and rapid MEKC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of myo‐inositol, scyllo‐inositol, and glucose. Prior to electrophoretic separation, the nonfluorescent inositols and glucose were derivatized by N‐methylisatoic anhydride at 25°C for 10 min so that they could be detected by a fluorescence detector during separation. The good separation with high efficiency by MEKC was achieved in 13 min with a glycine buffer containing SDS and PEG 4000. Several parameters affecting the separation were studied, including the pH of BGE, the concentrations of glycine, SDS, and PEG 4000, and the applied voltage. Using glycerol as an internal standard, the linear ranges of the method for myo‐inositol, scyllo‐inositol, and glucose were 0.03–10, 0.01–5, and 0.05–20 mM; the concentration LODs of myo‐inositol, scyllo‐inositol, and glucose were 0.020, 0.0078, and 0.026 mM, respectively. The method was applied to analyze extracellular myo‐inositol and glucose in the microdialysates from rat brain cortex of ischemia animal model and intracellular myo‐inositol and scyllo‐inositol in the rat brain extract.
Measuring the shortage of medical practitioners in rural and urban areas in developing countries: a simple framework and simulation exercises with data from India
Authors: Katrak Homi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper suggests a simple framework to estimate the shortage of medical practitioners in rural and urban areas in developing countries. Shortages are defined with respect to four main considerations. The overall numbers and also the different categories of practitioners in the rural and urban areas, the relatively greater difficulties of access in the rural areas (which reduce the number of accessible practitioners) and the greater health hazards in those areas (which lead to greater need for medical treatment).The quantitative effect of these factors is examined by undertaking simulation exercises with data for the Ujjain district in Madhya Pradesh state, India and also data for that state. The simulations turned up the following results. The un‐weighted total number of practitioners, per head of population, is relatively greater in the rural areas; this is because of the relatively large numbers of the unqualified doctors in those areas. On the other hand, a ‘quality adjusted’ total, with lower weights for the unqualified doctors, found little overall difference between the rural and urban areas. Third, allowance for rural–urban differences in the difficulties of access showed that the number of accessible practitioners is much lower in the rural areas. Fourth, rural–urban differences in the incidence of health hazards and estimates of the need for medical treatment also showed a marked shortage of practitioners in the rural areas.The main implication of the results is that developmental efforts in the rural areas, including improvements in transport facilities and reduction of health hazards, would help to greatly reduce the shortage of practitioners in those areas. Training programmes to improve the quality of practitioners in the rural areas are also required. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amplicon profiles in ovarian serous carcinomas
Authors: Nakayama Kentaro , Nakayama Naomi , Jinawath Natini , Salani Ritu , Kurman Robert J. , Shih Ie‐Ming , Wang Tian‐Li 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOvarian serous carcinoma is the most common and lethal type of ovarian cancer and its molecular etiology remains poorly understood. As an ongoing effort to elucidate the pathogenesis of ovarian serous carcinomas, we assessed the DNA copy number changes in 33 high‐grade serous carcinomas and 10 low‐grade serous tumors by using a genome‐wide technique, single nucleotide polymorphism array, performed on affinity‐purified tumor cells from fresh surgical specimens. Compared to low‐grade tumors, high‐grade serous carcinomas showed widespread DNA copy number changes. The most frequent alterations were in loci harboring candidate oncogenes: cyclin E1 (CCNE1), AKT2, Notch3 and PIK3CA as well as in novel loci, including 12p13, 8q24, 12p13 and 12q15. Seven amplicons were selected for dual color fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in ∼90 high‐grade serous carcinomas and 26 low‐grade serous tumors, and a high level of DNA copy number gain (amplification) was found in CCNE1, Notch3, HBXAP/Rsf‐1, AKT2, PIK3CA and chr12p13 occurring in 36.1%, 7.8%, 15.7%, 13.6%, 10.8% and 7.3% of high‐grade serous carcinomas. In contrast, we did not observe high level of ERBB2 amplification in any of the samples. Low‐grade tumors did not show DNA copy number gain in any of the loci, except in 2 (8%) of 24 low‐grade tumors showing low copy number gain in the Notch3 locus. Taken together, our results provide the first comprehensive analysis of DNA copy number changes in highly pure ovarian serous carcinoma. These findings may have important biological and clinical implications. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How to tell the difference between a cat and a dog?
Authors: Razavi Nima , Samei Golnoosh , Alipour Masoud , Farhadi Ali 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe aim of this work is to present a method in computer vision for model‐based object recognition by integration of texture, color, and partial silhouette matching cues. As a test problem, a challenging task of distinguishing between cats and dogs are proposed. No condition is imposed on the images. In spite of high intraclass variability of two classes (especially dogs), accuracy rate of over 92% is achieved. A novel method for integration of color information to textures is also presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 16, 234–239, 2006
A spin glass model of a Markov random field
Authors: Caputo B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a novel algorithm for robust object recognition. We propose to model the visual appearance of objects via probability density functions. The algorithm consists of a fully connected Markov random field with energy function derived from results of statistical physics of spin glasses. Markov random fields and spin glass energy functions are combined together via nonlinear kernel functions; we call the model Spin Glass–Markov Random Field. Full connectivity enables to take into account the global appearance of the object, and its specific local characteristics at the same time, resulting in robustness to noise, occlusions, and cluttered background. We show with theoretical analysis and experiments that this new model is competitive with state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 16, 181–188, 2006
Vision in the real world: Finding, attending and recognizing objects
Authors: Björkman Mårten , Eklundh Jan‐Olof 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this paper we discuss the notion of a “seeing” system that uses vision to interact with its environment. The requirements on such a system depend on the tasks it is involved in and should be evaluated with these in mind. Here we consider the task of finding and recognizing objects in the real world. After a discussion of the needed functionalities and issues about the design we present an integrated real‐time vision system capable of finding, attending and recognizing objects in real settings. The system is based on a dual set of cameras, a wide field set for attention and a foveal one for recognition. The continuously running attentional process uses top‐down object characteristics in terms of hue and 3D size. Recognition is performed with objects of interest foveated and segmented from its background. We describe the system structure as well as the different components in detail and present experimental evaluations of its overall performance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 16, 189–208, 2006
Curcumin reduces indomethacin‐induced damage in the rat small intestine
Authors: Sivalingam Nageswaran , Hanumantharaya Raghunath , Faith Minnie , Basivireddy Jayasree , Balasubramanian K. A. , Jacob Molly 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in clinical medicine. Their utility is, however, often limited by the adverse effects they produce in the gastrointestinal tract. Oxidative stress has been shown to occur in the small intestine in response to the oral administration of indomethacin, an NSAID commonly used in toxicity studies. In view of this, the effect of curcumin, an agent with anti‐oxidant properties, was evaluated on indomethacin‐induced small intestinal damage in a rat model. Rats were pretreated with various doses of curcumin (20 mg kg−1, 40 mg kg−1 and 80 mg kg−1) before administering indomethacin at 20 mg kg−1. Various parameters of oxidative stress and the extent of small intestinal damage produced by indomethacin, with and without pretreatment with curcumin, were measured. Macroscopic ulceration was found to occur in the small intestine in response to indomethacin. The viability of enterocytes from indomethacin‐treated animals was significantly lower than those from control animals. Drug‐induced oxidative stress was also evident as seen by increases in the levels of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl and in activities of pro‐oxidant enzymes such as myeloperoxidase and xanthine oxidase in indomethacin‐treated rats. Concomitant decreases were seen in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase in these animals. Pretreatment with curcumin was found to ameliorate these drug‐induced changes. Thus, curcumin appears to hold promise as an agent that can potentially reduce NSAID‐induced small intestinal damage. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective effect of ethyl pyruvate on msP rat leukocytes damaged by alcohol intake
Authors: Fedeli Donatella , Falcioni Giancarlo , Olek Robert A. , Massi Maurizio , Cifani Carlo , Polidori Carlo , Gabbianelli Rosita 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAlcohol consumption for long periods negatively influences physiological functions of many cells, and leads to organ damage. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by ethanol metabolism cause adverse effects that might be alleviated by simultaneous treatment with various antioxidants. Here, the ability of ethyl pyruvate (EP) to reduce ethanol‐induced oxidative stress was evaluated. Chemiluminescence studies show that EP has a higher capacity than pyruvate to scavenge hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions. In order to evaluate whether EP can exert a protective effect against ethanol, rats were offered 10% ethanol in drinking burettes, containing or not different concentrations of EP (0.3%, 1% and 3%). The comet assay was employed to quantify the alcohol‐induced DNA damage in rat lymphocytes. This test is a promising tool for the estimation of DNA damage at the single cell level. A significant protective effect of EP was observed in rat groups treated with this antioxidant, compared with those drinking only ethanol. Since EP has been shown to decrease the expression of numerous pro‐inflammatory mediators, the monocyte respiratory burst was evaluated. The activation of monocyte NADPH oxidase by phorbol esters (PMA) showed that superoxide anion production was higher in the ethanol group than in the control group. The presence of EP considerably reduced superoxide anion production. In conclusion, hypotheses on possible mechanisms of action of EP on rat white blood cells are proposed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Apium graveolens modulates sodium valproate‐induced reproductive toxicity in rats
Authors: Hamza Alaaeldin A. , Amin Amr 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSodium valproate (VPA), a common treatment of epilepsy and other diseases, is known to have severe toxic effects on testis both in experimental animals and in humans. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Apium graveolens (AG) against the VPA‐induced testis injury. Testicular toxicity was induced by the administration of VPA (500 mg/kg/day) once daily for 7 consecutive days. Protective group received daily doses (200 mg/kg/day) of AG crude extract for 23 days prior to VPA administration. VPA‐induced reproductive toxicity was assessed based on the weight of testes, sperm analysis, and serum concentrations of sexual hormones. The relative weights of testes and epididymes and the sperm numbers viability were all decreased following the valproate administration. Testosterone levels dropped while follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level increased following the drug administration. Severe histopathological changes in testis were observed such as degeneration of seminiferous tubules and depletion of germ cells. These biochemical and histological changes were also associated with alterations of oxidative stress markers. Levels of malondialdehyde have increased, while superoxide dismutase activity has decreased. Pretreatment with A. graveolens extract has effectively alleviated most of the VPA‐induced effects suggesting a protective role of A. graveolens extract against experimental VPA‐induced toxicity. Apigenin content was estimated and was shown as a major fraction of the A. graveolens extract. J. Exp. Zool. 307A:199–206, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyper‐Archimedean BL‐algebras are MV‐algebras
Authors: Turunen Esko 
Published: March 2007

AbstractGeneralizations of Boolean elements of a BL‐algebra L are studied. By utilizing the MV‐center MV(L) of L, it is reproved that an element x ∈ L is Boolean iff x ∨ x * = 1. L is called semi‐Boolean if for all x ∈ L, x * is Boolean. An MV‐algebra L is semi‐Boolean iff L is a Boolean algebra. A BL‐algebra L is semi‐Boolean iff L is an SBL‐algebra. A BL‐algebra L is called hyper‐Archimedean if for all x ∈ L, xn is Boolean for some finite n ≥ 1. It is proved that hyper‐Archimedean BL‐algebras are MV‐algebras. The study has application in mathematical fuzzy logics whose Lindenbaum algebras are MV‐algebras or BL‐algebras. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Shoenfield is Gödel after Krivine
Authors: Streicher Thomas , Kohlenbach Ulrich 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe show that Shoenfield's functional interpretation of Peano arithmetic can be factorized as a negative translation due to J. L. Krivine followed by Gödel's Dialectica interpretation. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A note on the complex semi‐definite matrix Procrustes problem
Authors: Kiskiras J. , Halikias G. D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis note outlines an algorithm for solving the complex ‘matrix Procrustes problem’. This is a least‐squares approximation over the cone of positive semi‐definite Hermitian matrices, which has a number of applications in the areas of Optimization, Signal Processing and Control. The work generalizes the method of Allwright (SIAM J. Control Optim. 1988;26(3):537–556), who obtained a numerical solution to the real‐valued version of the problem. It is shown that, subject to an appropriate rank assumption, the complex problem can be formulated in a real setting using a matrix‐dilation technique, for which the method of Allwright is applicable. However, this transformation results in an over‐parametrization of the problem and, therefore, convergence to the optimal solution is slow. Here, an alternative algorithm is developed for solving the complex problem, which exploits fully the special structure of the dilated matrix. The advantages of the modified algorithm are demonstratedviaa numerical example. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does federally subsidized rental housing depress neighborhood property values?
Authors: Ellen Ingrid Gould , Schwartz Amy Ellen , Voicu Ioan , Schill Michael H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFew communities welcome federally subsidized rental housing, with one of the most commonly voiced fears being reductions in property values. Yet there is little empirical evidence that subsidized housing depresses neighborhood property values. This paper estimates and compares the neighborhood impacts of a broad range of federally subsidized rental housing programs, using rich data for New York City and a difference‐in‐difference specification of a hedonic regression model. We find that federally subsidized developments have not typically led to reductions in property values and have, in fact, led to increases in some cases. Impacts are highly sensitive to scale, though patterns vary across programs. © 2007 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management
Should you turn yourself in? The consequences of environmental self‐policing
Authors: Stafford Sarah L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFacilities that self‐police under the Environmental Protection Agency's Audit Policy are eligible for reduced penalties on disclosed violations. This paper investigates whether self‐policing has additional consequences; in particular, whether self‐policing reduces future enforcement activity. Using data on U.S. hazardous waste enforcement and disclosures, I find that facilities that self‐police are rewarded with a lower probability of inspection in the future, although facilities with good compliance records receive a smaller benefit than facilities with poor records. Additionally, facilities that are inspected frequently are more likely to disclose than facilities that face a low probability of inspection. The results suggest that facilities may be able to strategically disclose in order to decrease future enforcement. © 2007 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management
Are management‐based regulations effective? Evidence from state pollution prevention programs
Authors: Bennear Lori Snyder 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper evaluates a recent innovation in regulating risk called management‐based regulation. Traditionally, risk regulation has either specified a particular means of achieving a risk‐reduction goal or specified the goal and left the means of achieving that goal up to the regulated entity. In contrast, management‐based regulation neither explicitly imposes the means, nor the ends. Rather, what is required is that each regulated entity review its production processes and develop a set of goals and procedures that will reduce risk. I evaluate the effectiveness of management‐based regulation by taking advantage of policy variation that occurred when 14 states adopted such regulations for toxic chemical control in the 1990s. Using panel data for just over 31,000 manufacturing plants in the United States, I investigate whether facilities subject to management‐based regulations had larger changes in total quantities of toxic chemical releases, engaged in more pollution prevention activities, or reported fewer toxic chemicals to the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). The results indicate that management‐based regulation has had a measurable positive effect on the environmental performance of manufacturing plants. In particular, plants subject to management‐based regulation experienced larger decreases in total pounds of toxic chemicals released and were more likely to engage in source reduction activities. © 2007 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management
Citizen groups and scientific decisionmaking: Does public participation influence environmental outcomes?
Authors: Daley Dorothy M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper explores the influence of local community groups on agency decisionmaking at hazardous waste sites nationwide. The central purpose of this research is to examine the relative influence of two forms of public participation at Superfund sites: Community Advisory Groups (CAGs) and Technical Assistance Grants (TAGs). When citizens mobilize and become involved in the decisionmaking process via CAGs and TAGs, are outcomes systematically different when compared to hazardous waste sites where citizen groups are not active? I utilize a treatment effects regression analysis to isolate the impact of these groups on remedy selection at Superfund sites while adjusting for the non‐random formation of local interest groups. The results suggest that even when controlling for other factors that may guide agency decisionmaking, such as site characteristics, the Environmental Protection Agency is more likely to choose health protective clean‐up approaches when CAGs and TAGs have formed at Superfund sites. © 2007 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management
Yeast proteome map (update 2006)
Authors: Perrot Michel , Guieysse‐Peugeot Anne‐Laure , Massoni Aurélie , Espagne Christelle , Claverol Stéphane , Silva Raquel Monteiro , Jenö Paul , Santos Manuel , Bonneu Marc , Boucherie Hélian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo improve the potential of two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis for proteomic investigations in yeast we have undertaken the systematic identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins separated on 2‐D gels. We report here the identification of 187 novel protein spots. They were identified by two methods, mass spectrometry and gene inactivation. These identifications extend the number of protein spots identified on our yeast 2‐D proteome map to 602, i.e. nearly half the detectable spots of the proteome map. These spots correspond to 417 different proteins. The reference map and the list of identified proteins can be accessed on the Yeast Protein Map server (www.ibgc.u‐bordeaux2.fr/YPM).