bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology and evolution of occupational employment in Egypt (1998–2018): a task-based framework
Authors: Elsayed Mona Mohamed , Nazier Hanan 
Published: February 2025

PurposeFollowing a task-based framework, this paper investigates the impact of technology on occupational employment in Egypt (1998–2018) by examining the employment implications of the Routine-biased Technological Change (RBTC) hypothesis.Design/methodology/approachThe study estimates quadratic ordinary least squares and kernel-smoothing regressions to explore changes in occupational employment. Decomposition analysis and logistic regression are then applied to assess the role of occupational task content against other occupation-specific factors in accounting for these changes. Additionally, a transition probability matrix is calculated to validate the presumption that routine workers are more likely to switch their occupational task category, predominantly to manual occupations.FindingsThe RBTC hypothesis is partially supported. First, employment evolution is closer to a downgrading pattern than a polarizing one. Second, routine employment experiences an overall decline and is dominated by middle-skilled workers. However, the low routinization exposure makes it not dominant in the middle-skill distribution. Third, task content significantly explains the decline in routine employment relative to abstract rather than manual employment. Finally, routine workers have the highest transition probability, moving mostly to abstract occupations.Originality/valueThis study is the first in Egypt to address the technology-employment nexus by directly applying a task-based framework. It fills the gap in the existing literature by addressing the relationship over a relatively longer period and employing direct measures of task content of detailed occupations, classified based on the most recent occupational classification (ISCO-08).
Validation of Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score and establishment of novel score in Japanese patients with necrotizing fasciitis (J‐LRINEC score)
Authors: Norimatsu Yuta , Fukasawa Takemichi , Ohno Yuki , Norimatsu Yurie , Matsuda Kazuki M. , Hisamoto Teruyoshi , Kotani Hirohito , Kuzumi Ai , Yoshizaki‐Ogawa Asako , Miyagawa Takuya , Oba Koji , Sato Shinichi , Yoshizaki Ayumi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score is widely used to distinguish between necrotizing fasciitis and cellulitis. However, LRINEC scores are not as sensitive or specific as initially reported, possibly due to differences in patient backgrounds in different countries. Here, we examined the validity of LRINEC scores in Japanese patients. We also investigated the possibility of developing a new scoring system. Patients with necrotizing fasciitis (n = 56) and cellulitis (n = 209) were retrospectively evaluated. The data were split into training (n = 199) and validation (n = 66) datasets. A logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the C‐statistics of the LRINEC scores. A new equation was formulated using logistic regression analysis with an appropriate variable selection (Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis for Japanese Patients [J‐LRINEC] score). The J‐LRINEC score had a C‐statistic of 0.9683, sensitivity of 91.4%, and specificity of 84.8%. The LRINEC score had a C‐statistic of 0.914 and specificity of 96%; however, its usefulness was limited by its sensitivity of 68.9%. Our results suggest that the LRINEC score is valid for Japanese patients; however, the J‐LRINEC score showed higher sensitivity and specificity, suggesting that it may be a useful tool for differentiating cellulitis from necrotizing fasciitis among Japanese patients.
PHD3‐Mediated Inhibition of Retinal Neovascularization in Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Yu Jiawei , Liu Haifeng , Xing Yue , Gao Yuan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRetinopathy of prematurity is characterised by abnormal retinal neovascularization in response to hypoxia stress. Prolyl 4‐hydroxylase domain protein 3 (PHD3) is a well‐known molecular oxygen sensor. However, the role that PHD3 plays in retinopathy of prematurity remains unclear. In this work, a mouse model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR) was used for in vivo studies. Compared with the mice in room air, OIR mice showed sprouting of retinal neovascularization and increased level of PHD3. It was further found that PHD3 overexpression weakened OIR‐induced retinal neovascularization and promoted cell apoptosis in the retina, indicating a mitigative effect on retinopathy. More importantly, OIR‐induced upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) was offset by PHD3 overexpression. In in vitro experiments, mouse retinal microvascular endothelial cells (MRMECs) were cultured under hypoxic conditions. The functions of endothelial cells including cell proliferation, cell migration, and tube formation ability were suppressed by PHD3, suggesting an anti‐angiogenesis effect of PHD3. In line with in vivo experiments, the expression of HIF‐1α and VEGFA levels declined in endothelial cells when PHD3 was overexpressed. Taken together, PHD3 alleviates retinopathy of prematurity through anti‐angiogenesis, and the core mechanism may involve cell apoptosis of retina endothelial cell and HIF‐1α–VEGFA axis. These findings provide exciting new insights into the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity, and could offer new treatment directions.
Unequal Academy: The Struggle and Challenges of Token Black Academics in the United Kingdom
Authors: Ajibade Adisa Toyin , Gbadamosi Gbolahan , Chang Kirk 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this study, we tackle the under‐explored issue of racial inclusion for Black academics in UK universities, thus exposing the harsh reality of ‘tokenism’. We amplify the voices of these academics and thereby reveal the disturbing prevalence of tokenism within UK higher education institutions. Drawing on organizational justice theory, we leverage a mixed‐methods approach (24 interviews and 201 questionnaires) to examine their lived experiences, perceptions of belonging, interpretations of fairness within academia and the roadblocks hindering their career progression. We uncover evidence of covert racism, the pressure to outperform non‐Black colleagues and epistemic injustice – the invalidation of their knowledge contributions. Interestingly, work prejudice and discrimination are not found to be associated with gender or work mode but rather with citizenship status. Our respondents, all British academics, report higher fairness perceptions, while non‐British academics face greater discrimination. Our findings highlight the crucial role of procedural and distributive justice in mitigating prejudice in the workplace for Black academics, underlining the importance of residency status in human resources practices. This research strengthens organizational justice theory and calls for interventions promoting racial equity within UK universities. Our research demonstrates the detrimental impact of tokenism and highlights how it perpetuates racial disadvantages and prevents Black academics from achieving true equality within their institutions.
Can Fecal T3 Metabolite Level Fluctuations in European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) Give Insights on Body Condition and Thermal Stress?
Authors: Pasciu Valeria , Chirichella Roberta , Sotgiu Francesca D. , Nieddu Maria , Baralla Elena , Apollonio Marco , Berlinguer Fiammetta 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMammals can use a variety of physiological mechanisms to adapt to changes in their environment. Thyroid hormones (THs) are key modulators of growth and mediators of environmental conditions by regulating developmental processes and metabolism in animals. In recent years, advancements in non‐invasive sampling have allowed monitoring of the fluctuations of THs and their metabolites in wild mammals. Triiodothyronine (T3) represents the major metabolite of THs excreted in feces so that it can be monitored in fecal samples. In this study, fecal samples collected during the hunting season from legally culled European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus; n = 160) were assayed to investigate the potential fluctuations of fecal TH metabolites (FTMs) in response to environmental (e.g., the temperature, local densities) and individual (e.g., sex, age, body, and nutritional conditions) variables. For this aim, we validated a TH enzyme immunoassay in the feces of roe deer. Our results show that FTMs can be successfully measured with satisfactory accuracy and precision. Extraction recovery (70%–120%), intra‐ and inter‐day repeatability (<15%), linearity dilutions (80%–120%), and parallelism (<20%) were consistent with international guidelines. Environmental temperature (p < 0.001) showed a strong inverse correlation with FTM levels. THs can thus represent a reliable indicator in studying animals’ adaptative responses to environmental temperature changes, providing perspectives for the study of the impact of climate change on ungulates and mammals. Further analyses, comparing samples collected all year round, are needed to investigate the correlations of TH values versus the other investigated variables.
Bioregionalization analyses with the bioregion R package
Authors: Denelle Pierre , Leroy Boris , Lenormand Maxime 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Bioregionalization consists in the identification of spatial units with similar species composition and is a classical approach in the fields of biogeography and macroecology. The recent emergence of global databases, improvements in computational power and the development of clustering algorithms coming from the network theory have led to several major updates of the bioregionalizations of many taxa.

A typical bioregionalization workflow involves five different steps: formatting the input data, computing a (dis)similarity matrix, selecting a bioregionalization algorithm, evaluating the resulting bioregionalization and mapping and interpreting the bioregions. For most of these steps, there are many options available in the methods and R packages.

Here, we present bioregion, a package that includes all the steps of a bioregionalization workflow under a single architecture, with an exhaustive list of the bioregionalization algorithms used in biogeography and macroecology. These algorithms include (non‐)hierarchical algorithms as well as community detection algorithms coming from the network theory. Some key methods from the literature, such as the network community detection algorithm Infomap or OSLOM (Order Statistics Local Optimization Method) that were not available in the R language are included in bioregion.

By combining different methods coming from different fields to communicate easily, bioregion will allow a reproducible and complete comparison of the different bioregionalization methods, which is still missing in the literature.
Public Perspectives Around Prenatal Screening of Chromosomal Abnormalities: A Focus Group Study Comparing Metropolitan and Rural/Regional Areas in Australia
Authors: Salisbury Amber , Winston Hovea , Johnson Alexis , Pearce Alison , Howard Kirsten , Norris Sarah 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe widespread and rapid adoption of private payments for non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in Australia has introduced complexities to the decision‐making process for the public regarding prenatal screening. NIPT has the potential to be a useful screening tool, but concerns have been raised about its cost, the psychological consequences of testing and the information available to support informed decision‐making.ObjectiveTo explore the attitudes, values and beliefs around prenatal screening in Australia, and how perspectives may differ between people living in metropolitan locations versus rural/regional locations.Materials and MethodsThree focus groups were conducted in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Participants (N = 25) were recruited by a market research group. Focus groups took place face‐to‐face in metropolitan and rural/regional areas, and online via videoconference. Discussions were transcribed and analysed thematically.ResultsParticipants generally expressed interest in undertaking prenatal screening but held misconceptions about the purpose of NIPT (i.e. screening, not diagnosis) and the conditions assessed. There were varied opinions among participants on expanding the scope of screening: some felt additional information provided reassurance, whilst others thought it would increase stress due to the decreased accuracy. People living in rural/regional areas had greater concerns over access to screening (cost, wait times and distance) than people living in metropolitan areas.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate different approaches are needed to improve understanding of NIPT (to ensure informed consent), and to improve access to NIPT for people living in rural/regional areas. The pre‐test information needs to account for the range of perspectives observed across geographic locations.
Ethnicity Variations in Pathways to Care and Diagnosis of Endometriosis and Persistent Pelvic Pain in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Dunning Jessica , Burrows Amy , Wynn‐Williams Michael , Edmonds Simon , Harlow Keryn , Rowland Whitney , Sadler Lynn 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn Aotearoa New Zealand, there are limited data on ethnicity‐specific prevalence and management of endometriosis and persistent pelvic pain. In the international literature, there appears to be a wide variation in both diagnosis and treatment access for these common conditions.AimsTo explore ethnicity‐specific referral data for people with symptoms of endometriosis and pelvic pain referred to two tertiary hospitals in Aotearoa New Zealand.Materials and MethodsReferrals to two gynaecology departments, in the North and South Islands of New Zealand, for women aged 16–52 during 2021 were screened and included if the primary referral reason was pelvic pain > 3 months, abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis or dyspareunia. Denominator data were obtained from Statistics NZ.ResultsThere was a significantly lower referral rate at the North Island unit for Māori, Pacific and Asian people compared to European/MELAA; and a significantly lower referral rate in the South Island unit for Pacific and Asian people compared to European/MELAA and Māori, per 1000 women aged 16–52 years per year. Similar patterns occurred in the rates of waitlisting for surgery.ConclusionsEuropean women are privileged in Aotearoa compared to Māori, Pacific and Asian people in secondary referral and population waitlisting for surgery. This privilege was not evident in waitlisting for surgery from the gynaecology clinic. We suggest that a nationally consistent approach to the management of endometriosis and persistent pelvic pain is required.
Application of Veno‐Arterial ECMO Combined With Hemoperfusion in the Treatment of a Patient With Yunaconitine Poisoning: A Case Report
Authors: Jiang Zhuo , Zhuang Yue , Hu Xueting , Chen Wei , Xia Fei , Hu Xiaoxia , Yang Aixiang , Tao Weiyi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA 40‐year‐old man, after accidentally ingesting aconitine in a herbal remedy, suffered severe poisoning symptoms and was diagnosed with multiple arrhythmias. He quickly received veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) and hemoperfusion in the ICU, along with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) to stabilize his internal environment. The treatment controlled the arrhythmias, restored heart function, and alleviated acidosis. The patient was discharged feeling well after 9 days. This combined therapy is valuable for severe aconitine poisoning, especially when specific antidotes are lacking, as it provides critical life support and effectively removes toxins.
Consciousness as a cultivated faculty that develops according to social and historical conditions
Authors: Frenopoulo Christian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe articles in this issue of the journal support the claim that consciousness is a circumstantially cultivated faculty of the self. This is contrary to a widespread assumption held by numerous scholars, researchers, and religious doctrines that consciousness is a self‐sustaining unoriginated faculty given to the subject and which at all times is subjectively experienced with wholeness. The articles in this issue counter the belief that consciousness exists in a state of independence from societal, personal, and historical circumstances.
Frequency of fetal blood sampling, delivery mode and neonatal outcome after revised CTG‐classification and updated lactate meter in Sweden: An observational study
Authors: Gröndal Klara , Gyllencreutz Erika , Wretler Stina , Johansson Kari , Holzmann Malin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionA revised cardiotocography (CTG) classification was implemented in Sweden in 2017. Simultaneously, an updated version of the lactate meter, Lactate Pro 2™, proved to measure 50% higher than the previous, necessitating new cutoffs for fetal blood sampling (FBS). We aimed to investigate frequencies of FBS, delivery modes, and neonatal outcomes. We hypothesized that with the revised CTG classification, which accepts more fetal heart rate patterns as normal than the previous, the frequency of FBS would be lower, the proportion of acidemia at FBS and adverse neonatal outcomes would be higher among sampled fetuses, but not among the entire laboring population, and the higher lactate readings might increase the proportion of cesarean delivery in general anesthesia and cesarean delivery above vacuum extraction.Material and MethodsA population‐based cohort study of electronic medical records of labors in Stockholm‐Gotland during 2014–2015 and 2018–2019, including singleton pregnancies >34 weeks, cephalic presentation, with spontaneous or induced start of labor. Outcome measures were FBS frequency, proportion of fetal acidemia, delivery modes, and neonatal outcomes with comparison between the two periods among sampled and nonsampled fetuses.ResultsThere were 28 841 and 30 192 births during the two periods. In the latter period, the FBS frequency was lower (8.2% vs. 11.9% [p < 0.001]), and the proportion of acidemia at FBS was higher, both among sampled fetuses (12.5% vs. 7.1% [p < 0.001]), and in the total population (1.0% vs. 0.8% [p = 0.022]). Immediate cesareans in general anesthesia due to fetal distress were more frequent among sampled fetuses (3.1% vs. 2.0% [p = 0.006]) but not among nonsampled fetuses (0.4 vs. 0.4%). Incidence of Apgar scores < 4 at 5 min was unchanged after FBS (p = 0.66) but higher among nonsampled newborns (0.2 vs. 0.1 [p = 0.033]). Apgar scores <7 at 5 min were more frequent among both sampled and nonsampled groups.ConclusionsAfter implementation of a revised CTG classification and a differently calibrated lactate meter in Sweden, the use of FBS was substantially lower. Acidemia at FBS and immediate cesarean due to fetal distress were more frequent among sampled fetuses but still low in the total laboring population. Low Apgar scores were more frequent among newborns both with and without FBS.
Extremely asymmetric ectasia: Tomographically unilateral keratoconus
Authors: Shabani Hasan , Ramdas Wishal D. , Meester‐Smoor Magda A. , Rizopoulos Dimitris , Klaver Caroline C. W. , van Dooren Bart T. H. , Geerards Annette J. M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the characteristics of apparently stable forms of tomographically unilateral keratoconus (KC).MethodsIn this retrospective case–control study, strict unilaterality criteria were applied to select tomographically unilateral cases with ≥3 years of follow‐up. For comparison, a healthy cohort and two bilateral KC cohorts were matched to the tomographically unilateral cases. All patients were selected from The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, whereas healthy controls were selected from the population‐based Rotterdam Study. After cohort selection, several risk factors and 25 Pentacam features were assessed. Unaffected (i.e. tomographically non‐keratoconic) eyes from the tomographically unilateral cases were compared to matched healthy eyes, matched bilateral KC eyes and affected unilateral KC eyes. Furthermore, affected tomographically unilateral KC eyes were compared to matched bilateral KC eyes. Statistical analysis relied on Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests and conditional logistic regression.ResultsFrom 1006 assessed cases, 18 (1.8%) tomographically unilateral cases were selected. Their median (interquartile range) follow‐up was 5.7 (4.3–8) years. Eczema and asthma were more prevalent among tomographically unilateral patients (28% each) compared to bilateral patients (6% and 9%) (p = 0.01 and p = 0.05, signed‐rank test). We could not detect meaningful Pentacam differences between unaffected unilateral eyes and matched healthy eyes. Expectedly, significant differences were detected between unaffected unilateral eyes and affected (bilateral or unilateral) eyes. Lastly, the ectatic features of affected unilateral eyes seemed comparable to their bilateral counterparts, but their high‐order aberrations were significantly lower.ConclusionOur findings support the existence of tomographically unilateral KC. Understanding how tomographic unilaterality ensues may offer valuable insights into KC aetiology.
DeepFracture: A Generative Approach for Predicting Brittle Fractures with Neural Discrete Representation Learning
Authors: Huang Yuhang , Kanai Takashi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn the field of brittle fracture animation, generating realistic destruction animations using physics‐based simulation methods is computationally expensive. While techniques based on Voronoi diagrams or pre‐fractured patterns are effective for real‐time applications, they fail to incorporate collision conditions when determining fractured shapes during runtime. This paper introduces a novel learning‐based approach for predicting fractured shapes based on collision dynamics at runtime. Our approach seamlessly integrates realistic brittle fracture animations with rigid body simulations, utilising boundary element method (BEM) brittle fracture simulations to generate training data. To integrate collision scenarios and fractured shapes into a deep learning framework, we introduce generative geometric segmentation, distinct from both instance and semantic segmentation, to represent 3D fragment shapes. We propose an eight‐dimensional latent code to address the challenge of optimising multiple discrete fracture pattern targets that share similar continuous collision latent codes. This code will follow a discrete normal distribution corresponding to a specific fracture pattern within our latent impulse representation design. This adaptation enables the prediction of fractured shapes using neural discrete representation learning. Our experimental results show that our approach generates considerably more detailed brittle fractures than existing techniques, while the computational time is typically reduced compared to traditional simulation methods at comparable resolutions.