bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced heat transfer study of microchannel heat sink with periodically arranged triangular cavities and arc‐shaped ribs
Authors: Wang Congle , Zhu Jinrong , Li Hui , Dai Dongqing , Lv Hui , Lv Qinghua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe microchannel heat sink with periodically arranged triangular cavities and arc‐shaped ribs (MC‐ARTC) is investigated numerically under the conditions of Reynolds number 147–736. The effects of triangular cavities and arc‐shaped ribs on velocity, pressure, and temperature distribution in the channel are analyzed in comparison with a rectangular microchannel heat sink, microchannel heat sink with arc‐shaped ribs, and microchannel heat sink with triangular cavities. The results show that the triangular cavity and the arc‐shaped rib have important effects on the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the microchannel heat sink. Both rib and cavity can cause a change in fluid flow direction and disturb the development of the flow boundary layer. The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of microchannels are improved. Among the four microchannels, the MC‐ARTC has the optimum comprehensive performance for the combined effect of the rib and cavity. Relative cavity width () and relative rib height () are also defined to study the effects of cavity width ( = 89–200 μm) and rib height ( = 8.9–28.9 μm) on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. It is found that the heat transfer of MC‐ARTC is enhanced with increasing and , while lead to higher pressure drop. When and are 252 and 249 μm, respectively, the comprehensive performance factor () of MC‐ARTC reaches 1.76.
Chemical etching of Ti‐6Al‐4V biomaterials fabricated by selective laser melting enhances mesenchymal stromal cell mineralization
Authors: O'Keeffe Conor , Kotlarz Marcin , Gonçalves Inês F. , Lally Caitríona , Kelly Daniel J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPorous titanium scaffolds fabricated by powder bed fusion additive manufacturing techniques have been widely adopted for orthopedic and bone tissue engineering applications. Despite the many advantages of this approach, topological defects inherited from the fabrication process are well understood to negatively affect mechanical properties and pose a high risk if dislodged after implantation. Consequently, there is a need for further post‐process surface cleaning. Traditional techniques such as grinding or polishing are not suited to lattice structures, due to lack of a line of sight to internal features. Chemical etching is a promising alternative; however, it remains unclear if changes to surface properties associated with such protocols will influence how cells respond to the material surface. In this study, we explored the response of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) to Ti‐6Al‐4V whose surface was exposed to different durations of chemical etching. Cell morphology was influenced by local topological features inherited from the SLM fabrication process. On the as‐built surface, topological nonhomogeneities such as partially adhered powder drove a stretched anisotropic cellular morphology, with large areas of the cell suspended across the nonhomogeneous powder interface. As the etching process was continued, surface defects were gradually removed, and cell morphology appeared more isotropic and was suggestive of MSC differentiation along an osteoblastic‐lineage. This was accompanied by more extensive mineralization, indicative of progression along an osteogenic pathway. These findings point to the benefit of post‐process chemical etching of additively manufactured Ti‐6Al‐4V biomaterials targeting orthopedic applications.
A new chapter in the never ending story of cycloadditions: The puzzling case of SO2 and acetylene
Authors: Salta Zoi , Ventura Oscar N. , Rais Nadjib , Tasinato Nicola , Barone Vincenzo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA comprehensive study of the different classes of cycloaddition reactions ([3+2], [2+2], and [2+1]) of SO2 to acetylene and ethylene has been performed using density functional theory (DFT) and composite wavefunction methods. The [3+2] cycloaddition reaction, that was previously explored in the context of the cycloaddition of thioformaldehyde S‐methylide (TSM) to ethylene and acetylene, proceeds in a concerted way to the formation of stable heterocycles. In this paper, we extend our study to the [2+2] and [2+1] cycloadditions of SO2 to acetylene, which would produce 1,1‐oxathiete‐2‐oxide and thiirene‐1,1‐dioxide, respectively. One of the main conclusions is that cyclic 1,1‐oxathiete‐2‐oxide can open through a relatively easy breaking of the SO single bond and rearrange toward sulfinyl acetaldehyde (SA). The SA molecule can easily undergo several internal rearrangements, which eventually lead to sulfenic acid and sulfoxide derivatives of ethenone, 1,2,3‐dioxathiole, and CO plus sulfinylmethane. The most probable path, however, produces 2‐thioxoacetic acid, whose derivatives (or those of the corresponding acetate) are usually obtained by Willgerodt–Kindler‐type sulfuration of acetates. This product can in turn decompose, leading to the final products CO2 and H2CS. Comparison of this decomposition path with that of 2‐amino‐2‐thioxoacetic acid shows that the process occurs through different H‐transfer processes.
Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in cancer survivors
Authors: Ueno Kensuke , Kaneko Hidehiro , Suzuki Yuta , Okada Akira , Matsuoka Satoshi , Fujiu Katsuhito , Michihata Nobuaki , Jo Taisuke , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Kamiya Kentaro , Ako Junya , Node Koichi , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) is high in cancer survivors. Although metabolic syndrome is an established risk factor for CVD, its association with cancer survivors has not yet been established. This study aimed to clarify whether metabolic syndrome is associated with subsequent CVD risk in patients with cancer using a nationwide epidemiological dataset.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 53 510 patients with a history of breast, colorectal, or stomach cancer, which is reportedly a major site for developing cancer in Japan. Study participants were categorized into two groups based on the presence of metabolic syndrome, defined using the Japanese criteria (high waist circumference and ≥2 metabolic parameters including elevated blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, or elevated fasting plasma glucose). The clinical outcomes were collected between 2005 and 2021. The primary endpoint was defined as the composite CVD outcome, including myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, and heart failure.ResultsThe median patient age was 54 years, and 37.5% of the patients were men. Metabolic syndrome was observed in 5558 (10.4%) patients. Over a mean follow‐up period of 973 ± 791 days, 3085 composite CVD outcomes were recorded. Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that metabolic syndrome was associated with a greater risk of developing CVD events (HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.15–1.45). Metabolic syndrome was also associated with an increased risk of CVD in patients with a follow‐up period ≥1 year (HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.15–1.53). This relationship was also observed when metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria (HR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.21–1.49) and the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.19–1.46). Subgroup analyses showed that the relationship between metabolic syndrome and incident CVD was more pronounced in the non‐obese participants than in the obese participants.ConclusionsMetabolic syndrome is associated with a greater risk of developing CVD, even among cancer survivors.
Optimizing time prediction and error classification in early melanoma detection using a hybrid RCNN‐LSTM model
Authors: Arjun K. P. , Kumar K. Sampath , Dhanaraj Rajesh Kumar , Ravi Vinayakumar , Kumar T. Ganesh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSkin cancer is a terrifying disorder that affects all individuals. Due to the significant increase in the rate of melanoma skin cancer, early detection of skin cancer is now more critical than ever before. Malignant melanoma is one of the most serious forms of skin cancer, and it is caused by abnormal melanocyte cell growth. In recent years, skin cancer predictive categorization has become more accurate and predictive due to multiple deep learning algorithms. Malignant melanoma is diagnosed using the Recurrent Convolution Neural Network‐Long Short‐Term Memory (RCNN‐LSTM), which is one of the deep learning classification approaches. Using the International Skin Image Collection and the RCNN‐LSTM, the data are categorized and analyzed to gain a better understanding of skin cancer. The method begins with data preprocessing, which prepares the dataset for classification. Additionally, the RCNN is employed to extract the features that are vital to the prediction process. The LSTM is accountable for the final step, classification. There are further factors to examine, such as the precision of 94.60%, the sensitivity of 95.67%, and the F1‐score of 95.13%. Other benefits of the suggested study include shorter prediction durations of 95.314, 122.530, and 131.205 s and lower model loss of 0.25%, 0.19%, and 0.15% for input sizes 10, 15, and 20, respectively. Three datasets had a reduced categorization error of 5.11% and an accuracy of 95.42%. In comparison to previous approaches, the work discussed here produces superior outcomes.Research Highlights
Recurrent convolutional neural network (RCNN) deep learning approach for optimizing time prediction and error classification in early melanoma detection. It extracts a high number of specific features from the skin disease image, making the classification process easier and more accurate.
To reduce classification errors in accurately detecting melanoma, context dependency is considered in this work. By accounting for context dependency, the deprivation state is avoided, preventing performance degradation in the model.
To minimize melanoma detection model loss, a skin disease image augmentation or regularization process is performed in this work. This strategy improves the accuracy of the model when applied to fresh, previously unobserved data.
Drug‐target Mendelian randomization revealed a significant association of genetically proxied metformin effects with increased prostate cancer risk
Authors: Sun Xiaohui , Ping Jie , Guo Xingyi , Long Jirong , Cai Qiuyin , Shu Xiao‐ou , Shu Xiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe association between metformin use and risk of prostate cancer remains controversial, while data from randomized trials is lacking. We aim to evaluate the association of genetically proxied metformin effects with prostate cancer risk using a drug‐target Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Summary statistics for prostate cancer were obtained from the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome Consortium (79,148 cases and 61,106 controls). Cis‐expression quantitative trait loci (cis‐eQTL) variants in the gene targets of metformin were identified in the GTEx project and eQTLGen consortium. We also obtained male‐specific genome‐wide association study data for type 2 diabetes, body mass index (BMI), total testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin for mediation analysis. Inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) regression, weighted median, MR‐Egger regression, and MR‐PRESSO were performed in the main MR analysis. Multivariable MR was used to identify potential mediators and genetic colocalization analysis was performed to assess any shared genetic basis between two traits of interest. We found that genetically proxied metformin effects (1‐SD HbA1c reduction, equivalent to 6.75 mmol/mol) were associated with higher risk of prostate cancer (odds ratioIVW [ORIVW]: 1.55, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.23–1.96, p = 3.0 × 10−3). Two metformin targets, mitochondrial complex I (ORIVW: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.07–2.03, p = 0.016) and gamma‐secretase complex (ORIVW: 2.58, 95%CI :1.47–4.55, p = 0.001), showed robust associations with prostate cancer risk, and their effects were partly mediated through BMI (16.4%) and total testosterone levels (34.3%), respectively. These results were further supported by colocalization analysis that expressions of NDUFA13 and BMI, APH1A, and total testosterone may be influenced by shared genetic factors, respectively. In summary, our study indicated that genetically proxied metformin effects may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Repurposing metformin for prostate cancer prevention in general populations is not supported by our findings.
Ecosystem-level reference points: Moving toward ecosystem-based fisheries management
Authors: Morrison Wendy E. , Oakes Stephanie A. , Karp Melissa A. , Appelman Max H. , Link Jason S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
To support the movement in marine fisheries management toward ecosystem-based fisheries management by exploring ecosystem-level reference points (ELRPs) as an option for managing fisheries at the ecosystem level. An ELRP is an ecosystem harvest level or indicator with one or more associated benchmarks or thresholds (i.e., targets, limits) to identify, monitor, or maintain desirable ecosystem conditions and functions.

Methods
This paper explores the development and implementation of ELRPs in fisheries management to support ecosystem and fisheries sustainability, help identify when ecosystem changes that impact fisheries resources occur, and foster discussions of trade-offs in management decisions.

Result
We organize existing and potential ELRPs into five categories (statistical analysis of nonlinear dynamics and tipping points, ecosystem productivity, ecosystem trophic information, biodiversity, and human dimensions), provide an overview of analytical methods that can estimate ELRP benchmarks, provide examples of where ELRP benchmarks are being used today, and evaluate pros and cons of the different ELRP categories. We also attempt to identify potential next steps for fisheries scientists and managers to further the science, development, and application of ELRPs.

Conclusion
Ecosystem-level reference points can be used as a proactive accountability mechanism to achieve ecosystem objectives and maintain the ecosystem in a preferred operating space or as an early warning that ecosystem-level changes (e.g., tipping points) could be imminent if current biological and ecological trends in the system continue.
Bioactive atropisomers: Unraveling design strategies and synthetic routes for drug discovery
Authors: Liu Shuai‐Jiang , Zhao Qian , Liu Xiao‐Chen , Gamble Allan B. , Huang Wei , Yang Qian‐Qian , Han Bo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAtropisomerism, an expression of axial chirality caused by limited bond rotation, is a prominent aspect within the field of medicinal chemistry. It has been shown that atropisomers of a wide range of compounds, including established FDA‐approved drugs and experimental molecules, display markedly different biological activities. The time‐dependent reversal of chirality in atropisomers poses complexity and obstacles in the process of drug discovery and development. Nonetheless, recent progress in understanding atropisomerism and enhanced characterization methods have greatly assisted medicinal chemists in the effective development of atropisomeric drug molecules. This article provides a comprehensive review of their special design thoughts, synthetic routes, and biological activities, serving as a reference for the synthesis and biological evaluation of bioactive atropisomers in the future.
Interply hybridization of hollow glass fiber reinforced vascular composites
Authors: Acar Volkan , Seydibeyoğlu M. Özgür , Altan M. Cengiz 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe use of hybrid reinforcement in polymer composites has been getting attention due to its potential for weight and cost reduction while achieving improved design flexibility for mechanical and thermal properties. In this study, an interply hybridization of epoxy laminates was performed using layers of solid and hollow glass fibers. The structural and thermal performance of the resulting hybrid vascular composites was investigated. All composite parts were manufactured using vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM), following an interply hybridization plan for the stacking sequence of hollow and solid fiber layers. An expected decrease in flexural properties and thermal conductivity was observed for the laminates with completely hollow fibers. On the other hand, hybridization had a positive effect on the laminate properties. It was shown that hybrid vascular composites could be manufactured without a significant reduction in mechanical and thermal performance by a judicious hybridization plan. The optimum hybridization of the laminate achieved a 3.1% increase in the specific flexural strength and a 5.3% decrease in thermal conductivity while containing a vascular network that can be used for active thermal control.Highlights
A vascular interply composite structure consisting of hollow and solid fibers was manufactured and characterized for the first time.
The I4 composite, vascularized through the middle layers of the laminate, has almost as much flexural strength as solid composite and much more specific flexural strength.
The thermal conductivity of the I4 composite is almost as much as that of the solid composite.
Functional composites for thermal management and smart applications can be manufactured using hollow fibers without sacrificing flexural strength and thermal conductivity with interply vascularization.
Multi‐source data‐driven approach for prediction of melt density during polymer compounding
Authors: Zhang Bin‐Bin , Chen Zhu‐Yun , Zhang Fei , Jin Gang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMelt density is a crucial quality indicator for polymer composites, yet real‐time measurement remains challenging due to processing complexities. While existing machine learning methods offer solutions, they often fall short in complex compounding scenarios. This study presents a novel multi‐source data‐driven approach for measuring melt density in polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene blends. By incorporating ultrasonic, near‐infrared, and Raman spectra data acquired during melt processing, a deep separable convolutional neural network model is developed to predict melt density accurately. The model effectively fuses multi‐source data to establish the mapping relationship between input data and melt density output. Results demonstrate the model's ability to monitor melt density in real‐time, achieving a prediction accuracy with RMSE and R2 indexes of 0.005 g/cm3 and 0.9841, respectively. The proposed approach outperforms existing methods, showcasing its effectiveness and superiority in melt density prediction for polymer compounding processes.Highlights
Establishment of the real‐time monitoring system for polymer extrusion processes.
Conversion of multi‐sensor signals into time‐frequency images using wavelet decomposition.
Fusion of sensor data into a three‐channel tensor‐image.
Development of a data‐driven DSCNN model for predicting melt density.
Implementation for online monitoring and prediction in PC/ABS compounding system.
Preparation of the novel bio‐nanocomposites based on chitosan, Piper betle leaf extract and MgO nanoparticles for chili preservation
Authors: Dam Xuan Thang , Duong Tra My , Mai Duc Huynh , Thai Hoang , Vu Viet Anh , Vu Quoc Trung , Ngo Thi Cam Quyen , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Nguyen Thuy Chinh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo maintain the freshness of food, it is crucial to explore environmentally friendly preservation methods with a focus on safety. Chitosan, a natural coating for fruits, is often used in combination with other materials to enhance its ability to delay browning and prevent fungal diseases. This study focused on the synthesis of a novel chitosan‐based nanocomposite by incorporating Piper betle L. leaf extract (PE) and magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MNPs). The characteristics of the obtained products were analyzed using infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The mechanical strength of chitosan/PE/MNPs (CSTM) films was evaluated, and the uniformity of the CSTM films was assessed using optical microscopy and FESEM. The antibacterial activity of CSTM films against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was tested using the diffusion method on agar wells. Additionally, the swelling behavior of CSTM films was measured. The findings demonstrated that these CSTM films exhibited resistance to S. aureus, making them potentially efficient for chili preservation.
Modeling the Link Between Air Convection and the Occurrence of Short‐Term Permafrost in a Low‐Altitude Cold Talus Slope
Authors: Wicky Jonas , Hilbich Christin , Delaloye Reynald , Hauck Christian 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTWe extend a numerical modeling approach developed to explicitly model convective heat transfer in periglacial landforms to represent the ground thermal regime of low‐altitude talus slopes. Our model solves for heat conduction and accounts explicitly for air convection adopting a Darcy term with a Boussinesq approximation for air circulation in the porous ground. Numerical model experiments for the low‐altitude talus slope Dreveneuse, Switzerland, confirm that air convection is the key to forming and maintaining ground ice. In the model, the porous talus slope is underlain by a layer of water‐bearing morainic material. In years, where the gradient between air and talus temperature is sufficiently large to result in increased convection and therefore cooling, ground ice forms due to air convection within the porous material and lasts for more than a year. It is only by considering convection that the model is able to represent the occurrences of ground ice, in accordance with temperature observations on‐site. These findings are important, as they confirm that ground ice can be formed and maintained in landforms with a mean annual air temperature > 0°C if ground air convection is present combined with the presence of water.