bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and site specific variation in the component community structure of intestinal helminths in Apodemus sylvaticus from three contrasting habitats in south-east England
Authors: Abu-Madi M.A. , Behnke J.M. , Lewis J.W. , Gilbert F.S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeasonal fluctuations in the prevalence and abundance of infection with intestinal helminths were studied in Apodemus sylvaticus (wood mouse, n = 399), from three contrasting habitats in southern England, to test the hypothesis that both intrinsic (host sex, age) and extrinsic (season, site) factors influence parasite species richness and abundance. Five species of helminths were recovered but only one of these (Capillaria murissylvatici) was site-specific (Dungeness). Total species richness was therefore 5 at Dungeness and 4 at the other two sites. Mean species richness was 1.4, but in adult mice there was a pronounced difference between the sites, and an independent highly significant effect of season. Syphacia stroma and Corrigia vitta both showed marked differences between sites in respect of prevalence and abundance of infection. Capillaria murissylvatici was encountered at Dungeness mostly in the spring whereas seasonal changes in abundance ofS. stroma were consistent across all three sites. Seasonal fluctuations in the abundance of Catenotaenia pusilla were compounded by differences between sites. Host sex was not a significant factor in any species, although a posteriorianalysis of S. stromaworm burdens for the Isle of Wight site revealed a moderate local sex effect. Overall the principal determinants of variation in helminth burdens were the extrinsic factors, site and season.
Prevalence and distribution of pig helminths in the Dongting Lake Region (Hunan Province) of the People's Republic of China
Authors: Boes J. , Willingham A.L. , Fuhui Shi , Xuguang Hu , Eriksen L. , Nansen P. , Stewart T.B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of helminths in pigs was investigated in five rural communities situated on the embankment of Dongting Lake in Zhiyang County, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China, in an area known to be endemic for Schistosoma japonicum. The helminth prevalences identified on the basis of faecal egg count analysis were: Oesophagostomum spp. (86.7%), Ascaris suum (36.7%), Metastrongylus spp. (25.8%), Strongyloides spp. (25.8%), Trichuris suis (15.8%), Globocephalus spp. (6.7%), Gnathostoma spp. (4.2%), Schistosoma japonicum (5.0%) and Fasciola spp. (1.3%). Post mortem examinations of a small number of pigs depositing eggs of different helminth species revealed the presence of Oesophagostomum dentatum, O. quadrispinulatum, A. suum, Metastrongylus apri, M. pudendotectus, T. suis, G. hispidum and Ascarops dentata. Prevalences of all helminths, with the exception of Oesophagostomum spp., were higher in young pigs (< 8 months old) compared with adult pigs. Prevalences of trematodes were very low, especially for S. japonicum which had decreased dramatically compared with previous reports from this area of P.R. China, whereas prevalences of nematodes were generally in agreement with those reported from other Yangtze River Provinces. Results from helminth prevalence studies in pigs, conducted in other provinces of P.R. China between 1987 and 1997, are presented and discussed. It was concluded that a government helminth control programme, implemented in 1995 to control S. japonicum infection in pigs in Hunan Province, may have resulted in a greatly reduced prevalence of S. japonicum in pigs in this region.
Pomphorhynchus heronensis and restricted movement of Lutjanus carponotatus on the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Cribb T.H. , Anderson G.R. , Dove A.D.M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSamples of Lutjanus carponotatus(Lutjanidae) from reef flat (shallow) and reef slope (deep) sites around Heron and Wistari reefs on the southern Great Barrier Reef were examined for Pomphorhynchus heronensis(Acanthocephala). Individual fish from the reef slope had 0–9 (2.6) worms as compared with 1–122 (39.6) worms for individuals from the reef flat (P < 0.0001). Other variables (year, season, size of fish) made little contribution to the variation. Reef flat and reef slope sites were separated by as little as 300 m. These results imply both that the fish have very limited local movement and that transmission of the parasite is concentrated locally.
Regional specializations of the tegument of the metacercaria of Timoniella imbutiforme
Authors: El-Darsh H.E.M. , Whitfield P.J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe ultrastructure of the spinous body tegument of the metacercaria of Timoniella imbutiforme (Molin, 1859) has recently been described. Other regions of the metacercarial tegument, including those of the oral sucker, pharynx, and nephridiopore, demonstrate considerable specializations. The oral sucker tegument had an aspinous outer syncytial layer that possessed a pimpled apical surface as well as enclosing two types of secretory bodies. The pharyngeal tegument likewise lacked spines, but possessed only one type of secretory body, and a smooth but folded outer surface. The nephridiopore tegument, however, showed the greatest degree of specialization possessing a single type of secretory body specific only to this region of the tegument. Also associated with the syncytium here was a prominent long filamentous glycocalyx, and microtubules which were observed for the first time in this region of the tegument.
Occurrence and distribution of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis indica in Indonesia
Authors: Griffin C.T. , Chaerani R. , Fallon D. , Reid A.P. , Downes M.J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSoil samples from 79 sites on five islands of Indonesia were baited with insects for the recovery of entomopathogenic nematodes. Heterorhabditis and Steinernema were equally prevalent, and were recovered from 11.7% of samples representing 20.3% of sites sampled. Both genera were recovered from coastal sites only. Entomopathogenic nematodes were more prevalent on the Moluccan islands of Ambon and Seram than on Java or Bali. They were not detected on Sulawesi, where non-coastal sites only were sampled. RFLP analysis was used in the identification of nematode isolates. Heterorhabditis indica was the only heterorhabditid identified. Two RFLP types ofSteinernema were identified.
Survey of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei in frogs in Taiwan and its experimental infection in cats
Authors: Ooi H.K. , Chang S.L. , Huang C.C. , Kawakami Y. , Uchida A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEighteen of 56 (32.1%) wild Rana limnocharis from central and south Taiwan were found to contain plerocercoids of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. This is the first report of S. erinaceieuropaei infections in frogs in Taiwan, with the plerocercoids being recovered from the thigh and back muscles or under the skin. Other species of frogs examined, including nine wild R. latouchii, one wild Buergeria robustus and 110 cultured R. rugulosa were free of infection. The plerocercoids were orally inoculated into four cats; three of which were each given a single plerocercoid and one a dose of three plerocercoids. Daily faecal examination showed that two cats started shedding eggs of S. erinaceieuropaei on day 8 postinfection (PI) and the other two on day 10 PI. The highest eggs per gram and eggs per day for a single worm was found to be 428,000 and 14,416,000 respectively. Only the cat inoculated with three plerocercoids shed proglottids in its faeces during the 2 month observation period.
Effect of praziquantel on the strobilar development of Mesocestoides corti in vitro
Authors: Britos L. , Domínguez L. , Ehrlich R. , Marín M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe effect of praziquantel (PZQ) on the strobilar development of the cyclophyllidean cestode Mesocestoides corti was explored. Mesocestoides corti larvae were cultivated under conditions reported to favour their differentiation to the adult stage. Parasites were exposed to 0.1 μg ml-1 PZQ for 16 h and subsequently transferred to drug-free medium. The ocurrence of segmentation — an early event of the larval somatic differentiation to the adult worm — was considered as quantitative data. This phenomenon was evidenced earlier in worms transiently exposed to PZQ with respect to control cultures. Moreover, the rate of segmentation of drug-treated worms at the end of the experiment almost doubled that of control worms. To date, no similar effect on any cestode developmental process has been reported for an anthelmintic drug. In the light of the existing knowledge and understanding of PZQ mechanisms of action, the proposed experimental approach could contribute to the elucidation of pathways and mechanisms involved in cestode strobilar development.
Parasite community similarity between four Irish lakes
Authors: Byrne C.J. , Grey C. , Holland C. , Poole R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA total of 140 trout were examined from four lakes in north west Ireland, Loughs Craghy, Waskel, Meela and Owennamarve. Eleven species of metazoan parasite were recorded, ten of which were of freshwater origin and Anisakissp. was the only marine species. No acanthocephalan species were found. Diphyllobothrium ditremum, D. dendriticum and Anisakissp. were the only allogenic species. Lough Owennamarve had the largest component community with nine species recorded. Lough Meela, the only brackish water lake had the smallest component community with six species recorded. Lough Waskel and Craghy had intermediate component community values. Lough Meela showed the lowest levels of similarity to any of the other lakes. Values for the Shannon-Wiener diversity index were highest for Lough Owennamarve and lowest for Lough Meela and intermediate for the other two lakes. Lough Meela had the highest values for the Simpson's dominance index and the Berger-Parker index. Lough Owennamarve had the highest Brillouin's index and Lough Meela had the lowest. The use of multiple regression techniques to control for the potentially confounding effect of geographical distance as a predictor of community similarity was discussed. No parasite species found could be considered as regionally and locally abundant and therefore described as a core species. The helminth community appears to have some degree of predictability, but chance colonization events are also important.
Molecular phylogeographic studies on Paragonimus westermani in Asia
Authors: Iwagami M. , Ho L.Y. , Su K. , Lai P.F. , Fukushima M. , Nakano M. , Blair D. , Kawashima K. , Agatsuma T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe lung fluke, Paragonimus westermani (Kerbert, 1878), is widely distributed in Asia, and exhibits much variation in its biological properties. Previous phylogenetic studies using DNA sequences have demonstrated that samples from north-east Asia form a tight group distinct from samples from south Asia (Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia). Among countries from the latter region, considerable molecular diversity was observed. This was investigated further using additional DNA sequences (partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and the second internal transcribed spacer of the nuclear ribosomal gene repeat (ITS2)) from additional samples of P. westermani. Phylogenies inferred from these again found three or four groups within P. westermani, depending on the method of analysis. Populations of P. westermani from north-east Asia use snail hosts of the family Pleuroceridae and differ in other biological properties from populations in south Asia (that use snail hosts of the family Thiaridae). It is considered that the populations we sampled can be divided into two species, one in north-east Asia and the other in south Asia.
Spatial distribution and coexistence of monogenean gill parasites inhabiting two damselfishes from Moorea island in French Polynesia
Authors: Lo C. M. , Morand S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe ectoparasite fauna of two damselfishes,Stegastes nigricansandDascyllus aruanus, from Moorea Island in French Polynesia was investigated. Gills of these damselfishes were infected with congeneric Monopisthocotylea Monogenea belonging to the genusHaliotrema.Stegastes nigricanswere found to harbour a guild of threeHaliotremaspecies whereas only one species inhabitedD. aruanus. Microhabitat distribution, inter- and intraspecific competition and interspecific associations on the gill were studied. Observations on site preference revealed no spatial segregation between the three congeneric species inhabiting the gills ofS. nigricans. Juvenile and adult monogeneans of that guild occurred on the same microhabitat. The dominant speciesHaliotremasp. 1 did not expand on the microhabitat when the intensity of infection increased. Interspecific association tests revealed positive and negative associations.Haliotremasp. 4 expanded its distribution on the gills ofDascyllus aruanuswhen the intensity of infection increased suggesting the likelihood of intraspecific competition. Juvenile and adult monogeneans ofHaliotremasp. 4 appeared to segregate as a result of intraspecific competition. This competition may exist to enhance resource availability when the gill habitat is limited. Overlaps between niche breadth and species microhabitat were revealed for monogenean species inhabitingS. nigricans. Interspecific competition did not appear to play an important role in the distribution ofS. nigricanscongeneric ectoparasites. Reinforcement of reproductive barriers may have led to the avoidance of hybridization.
Biological control of trichostrongylid infections in calves on pasture in Lithuania using Duddingtonia flagrans a nematode-trapping fungus
Authors: Šarkunas M. , Larsen M. , Nansen P. , Hansen J.W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe effect on the pasture contamination level with infective trichostrongylid larvae by feeding the nematode-trapping fungus, Duddingtonia flagrans at two dose levels to first time grazing calves was examined in Lithuania. Thirty heifer-calves, aged 3–6 months, were divided into three comparable groups, A, B and C. Each group was turned out on a 1.07 ha paddock (a, b and c). The paddocks were naturally contaminated with infective trichostrongylid larvae from infected cattle grazing the previous year. Fungal material was fed to the animals daily during a two month period starting 3 weeks after turnout. Groups A and B were given 106 and 2.5×105 chlamydospores per kg of live weight per day, respectively, while group C served as a non-dosed control group. Every two weeks the heifers were weighed and clinically inspected. On the same dates, faeces, blood and grass samples were collected. From mid-July onwards, the number of infective larvae in grass samples increased markedly (P<0.05) on paddock c, whereas low numbers of infective larvae were observed on paddocks a and b grazed by the fungus treated groups. However, the results indicate that administering fungal spores at a dose of 2.5×105 chlamydospores per kg live weight per day did not significantly prevent parasitism in calves, presumably due to insufficient suppression of developing infective larvae in the faeces. In contrast, a dose of 106 chlamydospores per kg lowered the parasite larval population on the pasture, reduced pepsinogen levels (P<0.05), and prevented calves from developing parasitosis.
The future of replication in applied linguistics: Toward a standard for replication studies
Authors: McManus Kevin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
High-quality replication studies are widely understood to be critical to the growth and credibility of our discipline, as shown in commentaries and discussion since the 1970s, at least. Nevertheless, misunderstandings and limitations in the aims, designs, and reporting of replication research remain, thus reducing the usefulness and impact of replications. To address this issue and improve the rigor, quality, and conduct of replication studies in applied linguistics, a new standard for reporting replication studies that captures several critical features of replication research not discussed in current reporting guidelines is proposed. Importantly, this standard applies basic expectations in replication reporting so that outcomes can be better understood and evaluated. By applying this standard, replication studies will better meet their aims to confirm, consolidate, and advance knowledge and understanding within applied linguistics and second language research. In addition, readers will more easily understand how the replication study was carried out and be able to better evaluate the claims being made.
Promises and perils of positionality statements
Authors: King Kendall A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Positionality statements have increasingly become the norm in many strands of social science research, including applied linguistics. With reference to current research, theory, and the author’s own work, this paper reviews some of the promises and perils of such statements, including their performativity and lack of reflexivity. The author concludes by arguing that positionality statements need to offer both more and less, to be better targeted, and be more effectively and widely utilized within the field of applied linguistics.
Interviewing young offenders about child-on-child sexual abuse
Authors: Hershkowitz Irit , Lamb Michael E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study compared two versions of the NICHD Protocol for interviewing young suspected sexual offenders: the Revised Suspect Protocol (RSP) and the Standard Suspect Protocol (SSP). The RSP incorporated relevant evidence-based practices informed by research on the value of (a) effectively explaining the suspects’ rights, (b) rapport building and support, and (c) appropriate questioning strategies. Interviewers using the RSP communicated the children’s rights more effectively (reading them more often, checking, verifying, and correcting understanding) and provided more support. In the substantive phase, they remained supportive while recall prompts dominated the questioning. Compared to children in the SSP group, children in the RSP condition understood their rights better, were more responsive during rapport-building, and reacted to interviewer support in the substantive phase with increased responsiveness, which in turn, predicted reduced reluctance, increased emotional expression, and greater informativeness. They were also more likely to make full rather than partial confessions than children in the SSP group. Full confessions were positively predicted by the appropriate communication of legal rights, interviewer support, and reliance on open-ended prompts, thereby confirming the superiority of the RSP relative to the SSP.
The impact of data-driven learning form-focused tasks on learners’ task engagement: An intervention study
Authors: Zare Javad , Azari Noughabi Mostafa , Al-Issa Ahmad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractData-driven learning (DDL) form-focused tasks are a relatively new concept. These tasks involve using concordance lines to teach language in a way that integrates discovery learning, authentic language use, consciousness-raising, and the communicative use of language. Given their novelty, there haven’t been many studies on how they impact learners’ engagement. Therefore, this study sought to study whether DDL form-focused tasks influence English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ task engagement. A total of 114 Iranian EFL learners were randomly divided between comparison and intervention groups in a study that utilized an experimental (comparison group, pretest, and post-test) design within a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. The comparison group completed 10 non-DDL form-focused tasks, whereas the intervention group completed 10 DDL form-focused tasks. The results of t-tests and repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that incorporating DDL form-focused tasks into English classes enhanced EFL learners’ task engagement in the short run. However, the impact of DDL form-focused tasks on EFL learners’ task engagement was not durable. Moreover, analyzing semi-structured interview data suggested that using DDL-enhanced tasks with a form-focused approach increases EFL learners’ task engagement by triggering their curiosity, improving their autonomy, enhancing their concentration and interest, and facilitating their discovery learning. The present study lends more credence to the application of such tasks. The paper ends with implications for English language teaching and materials development.
Factors that mediate change in creatinine and acute kidney injury after the Norwood operation: insights from high-fidelity haemodynamic monitoring data
Authors: Loomba Rohit S. , Mansukhani Sheena , Wong Joshua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground:Acute kidney injury is a common postoperative complication of paediatric cardiac surgery associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to characterise associations between haemodynamic parameters, clinical parameters, and medical interventions, on acute kidney injury.Methods:Nine patients with univentricular physiology undergoing the Norwood procedure from a single-centre tertiary care paediatric cardiac ICU were included (September 2022 to March 2023). Patients were monitored with the T3 software. Data were analysed using a Fisher exact test, Mann–Whitney-U test, LASSO-based machine learning techniques, and receiver operator curve analyses.Results:Over 27,000 datapoints were included. Acute kidney injury occurred in 2 patients (22%) during this period. Net fluid balance and renal oxygen extraction were independently associated with acute kidney injury, while commonly used metrics of pressure (systolic, diastolic, or mean arterial blood pressure) were not. The resulting acute kidney injury risk score was (4.1 × fluid balance) + (1.9 × renal oxygen extraction). The risk score was significantly higher in acute kidney injury with a score of 32.9 compared to 7.9 (p < 0.01). Optimal cut-offs for fluid balance (7 mL/hr) and renal oxygen extraction (29%) were identified. Higher serum creatinine:baseline creatinine ratio was associated with a higher mean airway pressure, higher renal oxygen extraction, higher mean arterial blood pressure, higher vasoactive inotropic score, and fluid balance.Conclusion:Among patients with univentricular physiology undergoing the Norwood procedure, renal oxygen extraction and a higher net fluid balance are independently associated with increased risk of acute kidney injury. Renal perfusion pressure is not significantly associated with acute kidney injury.