bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colorectal cancer literacy and related factors in northeast of Iran: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Delshad Mohammad Hossein , Pourhaji Fatemeh , Abdollahi Mahbubeh , Khorram Hajar Pardeh , Pourhasan Atefeh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is a health challenge and the second most common cancer worldwide. Increasing colorectal cancer literacy (CRCL) is one of the most effective factors in CRC prevention.AimThe aim of this study was to determine and evaluate CRCL and its related factors in Torbat Heydarieh, northeastern Iran.Methods and ResultsThis study was a cross‐sectional survey conducted in 2021 in Torbat Heydarieh, a city in northeastern Iran, on 200 clients presenting to a comprehensive health service centers.In addition to collecting sociodemographic characteristics, participants were administered the Knowledge and Attitude Questionnaire and the Colorectal Cancer Literacy Questionnaire (CRCLQ).Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 25 using independent samples t‐tests, one‐way analysis, chi‐square, and Pearson correlation coefficients. The statistical significance level was set at p < .05. The results showed that the mean age of the participants was 51.12 ± 8.45 years. The majority of participants (84%) stated that their friends and relatives had no history of CRC.Pearson correlation coefficient results showed a significant correlation between knowledge and attitude toward CRC (r = .15, p = .041). A significant correlation was also found between knowledge and CRCL (r = .4, p ≤ .001).ConclusionWe found low CRCL among clients of comprehensive health service centers. More targeted educational interventions are needed to promote CRCL among Iranian adults.
Developments and future prospects of personalized medicine in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma diagnoses and treatments
Authors: Jayawickrama Shalindu Malshan , Ranaweera Piyumi Madhushani , Pradeep Ratupaskatiye Gedara Gunaratnege Roshan , Jayasinghe Yovanthi Anurangi , Senevirathna Kalpani , Hilmi Abdul Jabbar , Rajapakse Rajapakse Mudiyanselage Gamini , Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem , Jayasinghe Ruwan Duminda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrecision healthcare has entered a new era because of the developments in personalized medicine, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This paper explores the dynamic landscape of personalized medicine as applied to HNSCC, encompassing both current developments and future prospects.Recent FindingsThe integration of personalized medicine strategies into HNSCC diagnosis is driven by the utilization of genetic data and biomarkers. Epigenetic biomarkers, which reflect modifications to DNA that can influence gene expression, have emerged as valuable indicators for early detection and risk assessment. Treatment approaches within the personalized medicine framework are equally promising. Immunotherapy, gene silencing, and editing techniques, including RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9, offer innovative means to modulate gene expression and correct genetic aberrations driving HNSCC. The integration of stem cell research with personalized medicine presents opportunities for tailored regenerative approaches. The synergy between personalized medicine and technological advancements is exemplified by artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) applications. These tools empower clinicians to analyze vast datasets, predict patient responses, and optimize treatment strategies with unprecedented accuracy.ConclusionThe developments and prospects of personalized medicine in HNSCC diagnosis and treatment offer a transformative approach to managing this complex malignancy. By harnessing genetic insights, biomarkers, immunotherapy, gene editing, stem cell therapies, and advanced technologies like AI and ML, personalized medicine holds the key to enhancing patient outcomes and ushering in a new era of precision oncology.
Age‐related transcript changes in type I interferon signaling in children and adolescents with long COVID
Authors: Fracella Matteo , Mancino Enrica , Nenna Raffaella , Virgillito Chiara , Frasca Federica , D'Auria Alessandra , Sorrentino Leonardo , Petrarca Laura , La Regina Domenico , Matera Luigi , Di Mattia Greta , Caputo Beniamino , Antonelli Guido , Pierangeli Alessandra , Viscidi Raphael P. , Midulla Fabio , Scagnolari Carolina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 typically causes mild symptoms in children, but evidence suggests that persistent immunopathological changes may lead to long COVID (LC). To explore the interplay between LC and innate immunity, we assessed the type I interferon (IFN‐I) response in children and adolescents with LC symptoms (LC; n = 28). This was compared with age‐matched SARS‐CoV‐2 recovered participants without LC symptoms (MC; n = 28) and healthy controls (HC; n = 18). We measured the mRNA expression of IFN‐I (IFN‐α/β/ε/ω), IFN‐I receptor (IFNAR1/2), and ISGs (ISG15, ISG56, MxA, IFI27, BST2, LY6E, OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, and MDA5) in PBMCs collected 3–6 months after COVID‐19. LC adolescents (12–17 years) had higher transcript levels of IFN‐β, IFN‐ε, and IFN‐ω than HC, whereas LC children (6–11 years) had lower levels than HC. In adolescents, increased levels of IFN‐α, IFN‐β, and IFN‐ω mRNAs were found in the LC group compared with MC, while lower levels were observed in LC children than MC. Adolescents with neurological symptoms had higher IFN‐α/β mRNA levels than MC. LC and MC participants showed decreased expression of ISGs and IFNAR1, but increased expression of IFNAR2, than HC. Our results show age‐related changes in the expression of transcripts involved in the IFN‐I signaling pathway in children and adolescents with LC.
Research progress of probiotics and fermented feed effects on pork quality
Authors: Lian Xiao , Shi Mingyu , Lin Qinlu , Liang Ying , Zhang Lingyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith the growth of the global population and the development of the economy, the demand for delicious and nutritious meat is increasing. However, the pursuit of high productivity and a high lean meat rate in pig breeding has led to a serious decline in meat quality. How to moderately improve the quality and flavor of pork through nutritional supplementation is of great significance in meeting consumers' demand for high‐quality and delicious pork. Recent studies have shown that fermented feed using probiotics can not only improve the nutritional quality and utilization rate of agricultural by‐products, but also play an important role in improving meat color, increasing intramuscular fat content, regulating the flavor of pork, leading to a sustainable development of agriculture and husbandry. In this paper, we will review the current situation of the probiotics used in fermented feed, the effects of fermentation on the improvement of feed quality, the influence and mechanism of fermented feed on the growth performance, meat quality, and flavor of pigs, and so forth, aiming to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the research and development of fermented feed and its application in the production of high‐quality pork.
Impact of drying technique on umbu‐cajá pulp with the addition of probiotic culture: Optimization, cell viability, physicochemical, and functional properties
Authors: Albuquerque Aline Pacheco , Rodrigues Thais Jaciane Araujo , da Silva Layanne Rodrigues , Santos Newton Carlos , Rocha Ana Paula Trindade , Gomes Josivanda Palmeira 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the effects of spouted bed (SB) drying and freeze‐drying (FD) on the properties of probiotic umbu‐cajá pulp. The strain Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis was employed to obtain this pulp. Initially, the study was conducted with two separate experimental designs, one for SB and another for FD, encompassing variables such as inlet temperature and concentrations of drying adjuvants (maltodextrin and inulin). This approach aimed to identify the most favorable conditions in terms of yield and cell viability. Both drying methods proved effective in preserving probiotic cells, with comparable viable cell counts (12 Log CFU g−1) and process yield of up to 30.68%. Additionally, FD exhibited advantages in preserving and increasing levels of bioactive compounds, including phenolics and carotenoids, in the final product. In contrast, SB drying stood out for retaining carotenoids and exhibiting lower degradation of ascorbic acid. In summary, this study demonstrated that both SB drying and FD are promising approaches in producing powders from probiotic umbu‐cajá pulp. However, the selection between the methods should be guided by specific production goals, considering the desired characteristics of the final product.
Professional and career development needs of clinical pharmacists in settings outside academia
Authors: Hayes Sarah M. , Moore Donald C. , Droney Madeline , Johnson Steven T. , Rech Megan A. , Rife Kelsey M. , Rosewarne Rowan , Silvia Richard J. , Szymanski Thomas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClinical pharmacists practicing in academia have access to resources and pathways for professional development that clinical pharmacists practicing outside of academia may lack. With timely concerns of premature attrition and burnout in the clinical pharmacy profession, it is critical that employers and professional organizations help meet the professional development needs of clinical pharmacists practicing in outside of academia. Implementation of career ladders, creation of hybrid leadership‐practice positions, achievement of operational excellence, cultivation of a positive culture, and development of optimal metrics may all help employers meet these needs. Professional organizations are called on to provide clinical pharmacists with a clear path for advancement within the organization to contribute to their ongoing professional development; this centers on the development of mentorship programs and opportunities to expand the professional portfolio of the clinical pharmacist practicing outside of academia. It is imperative that employers and professional organizations address the lack of existing career advancement and professional development opportunities to combat the premature attrition of clinical pharmacists from practice, improve the “life span” of the clinical pharmacist, and ultimately maintain the clinical pharmacy profession as a whole.
Biodegradable poly(caprolactone fumarate) 3D printed scaffolds for segmental bone defects within the Masquelet technique
Authors: Astudillo Potes Maria D. , Mitra Indranath , Hanson Kari , Camilleri Emily T. , Gaihre Bipin , Shafi Mahnoor , Hamouda Abdelrahman , Lu Lichun , Elder Benjamin D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSegmental bone defects, often clinically treated with nondegradable poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) in multistage surgeries, present a significant clinical challenge. Our study investigated the efficacy of 3D printed biodegradable polycaprolactone fumarate (PCLF)/PCL spacers in a one‐stage surgical intervention for these defects, focusing on early bone regeneration influenced by spacer porosities. We compared nonporous PCLF/PCL and PMMA spacers, conventionally molded into cylinders, with porous PCLF/PCL spacers, 3D printed to structurally mimic segmental defects in rat femurs for a 4‐week implantation study. Histological analysis, including tissue staining and immunohistochemistry with bone‐specific antibodies, was conducted for histomorphometry evaluation. The PCLF/PCL spacers demonstrated compressive properties within 6 ± 0.5 MPa (strength) and 140 ± 15 MPa (modulus). Both porous PCLF/PCL and Nonporous PMMA formed collagen‐rich membranes (PCLF/PCL: 92% ± 1.3%, PMMA: 86% ± 1.5%) similar to those induced in the Masquelet technique, indicating PCLF/PCL's potential for one‐stage healing. Immunohistochemistry confirmed biomarkers for tissue regeneration, underscoring PCLF/PCL's regenerative capabilities. This research highlights PCLF/PCL scaffolds' ability to induce membrane formation in critical‐sized segmental bone defects, supporting their use in one‐stage surgery. Both solid and porous PCLF/PCL spacers showed adequate compressive properties, with the porous variants exhibiting BMP‐2 expression and woven bone formation, akin to clinical standard PMMA. Notably, the early ossification of the membrane into the pores of porous scaffolds suggests potential for bone interlocking and regeneration, potentially eliminating the need for a second surgery required for PMMA spacers. The biocompatibility and biodegradability of PCLF/PCL make them promising alternatives for treating critical bone defects, especially in vulnerable patient groups.
Plasma beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate availability after enteral administration during critical illness after trauma: An exploratory study
Authors: Wittholz Kym , Bongetti Amy J. , Fetterplace Kate , Caldow Marissa K. , Karahalios Amalia , De Souza David P. , Elahee Doomun Sheik Nadeem , Rooyackers Olav , Koopman René , Lynch Gordon S. , Ali Abdelhamid Yasmine , Deane Adam M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDuring critical illness skeletal muscle wasting occurs rapidly. Although beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate (HMB) is a potential treatment to attenuate this process, the plasma appearance and muscle concentration is uncertain.MethodsThis was an exploratory study nested within a blinded, parallel group, randomized clinical trial in which critically ill patients after trauma received enteral HMB (3 g daily) or placebo. Plasma samples were collected at 0, 60, and 180 min after study supplement administration on day 1. Needle biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle were collected (baseline and day 7 of the HMB treatment intervention period). An external standard curve was used to calculate HMB concentrations in plasma and muscle.ResultsData were available for 16 participants (male n = 12 (75%), median [interquartile range] age 50 [29–58] years) who received placebo and 18 participants (male n = 14 (78%), age 49 [34–55] years) who received HMB. Plasma HMB concentrations were similar at baseline but increased after HMB (T = 60 min: placebo 0.60 [0.44–1.31]  µM; intervention 51.65 [22.76–64.72]  µM). Paired muscle biopsies were collected from 11 participants (placebo n = 7, HMB n = 4). Muscle HMB concentrations were similar at baseline between groups (2.35 [2.17–2.95]; 2.07 [1.78–2.31] µM). For participants in the intervention group who had the repeat biopsy within 4 h of HMB administration, concentrations were greater (7.2 and 12.3 µM) than those who had the repeat biopsy >4 h after HMB (2.7 and 2.1 µM).ConclusionIn this exploratory study, enteral HMB administration increased plasma HMB availability. The small sample size limits interpretation of the muscle HMB findings.
Exploring the formation mechanism of ferulic acid/hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex: spectral analyses and computer simulation
Authors: Lv Junli , Tan Mengmeng , Zou Jiali , Yun Yueying , Ren Yan , Guo Fucheng , Wang Guoze 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe biological functions of ferulic acid (FA) have garnered significant interest but its limited solubility and stability have led to low bioavailability. Hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD), with its distinctive hollow structure, offers the potential for encapsulating hydrophobic molecules. The formation of an inclusion complex between FA and HP‐β‐CD may therefore be a viable approach to address the inherent limitations of FA. To investigate the underlying mechanism of the FA/HP‐β‐CD inclusion complex formation, a combination of spectral analyses and computer simulation was employed.RESULTSThe disappearance of the characteristic peaks of FA in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of an inclusion complex between FA and HP‐β‐CD. Thermogravimetry‐derivative thermogravimetry (TG‐DTG) studies demonstrated that the thermal stability of FA was enhanced due to the encapsulation of FA within HP‐β‐CD. Molecular dynamics simulation also provided evidence that FA successfully penetrated the HP‐β‐CD cavity, primarily driven by van der Waals interactions. The formation of the complex resulted in more compact HP‐β‐CD structures. The bioavailability of FA was also strengthened through the formation of inclusion complexes with HP‐β‐CD.CONCLUSIONSThe findings of this study have contributed to a deeper understanding of the interactions between FA and HP‐β‐CD, potentially advancing a delivery system for FA and enhancing the bioavailability of insoluble active components. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Strategies to Realize Efficient and Stable Broadband NIR Emission in Germinate Oxides
Authors: Dumesso Misgana U. , Zheng Guojun , Wang Dandan , Basore Endale T. , Xiao Wenge , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs) are efficient and cost‐effective ultrabroadband light sources for miniaturizing various optical systems, but they exhibit poor optical performance due to the lack of efficient near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors with a wide spectral coverage of 700−1100 nm. Although germanate oxides are a promising class of host materials for Cr3+ to generate broadband NIR light, the preferred formation of [CrO4]4− and the high vapor pressure of Ge element cause these Cr3+ activated phosphors to suffer from low internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and poor thermal stability. Here, highly efficient (IQE > 90%) and thermally stable broadband NIR emission of Cr3+ in the germinate garnet Ca2LuMgScGe3O12 (CLMSG) are obtained by exploiting a two‐step sintering method to achieve full reduction of Cr4+ to Cr3+. Further, efficient energy transfer from Cr3+ to Yb3+ is leveraged to significantly improve the emission intensity of CLMSG:Cr3+ in the shortwave infrared range of 900−1100 nm. Finally, an ultrabroadband NIR pc‐LED with a high NIR conversion efficiency (21.5%@10 mA) and high NIR power (116.4 mW@350 mA) is demonstrated to verify the strong capability of CLMSG:Cr3+, Yb3+ in blue‐to‐NIR light conversion. The results open up new ways to realize efficient ultrabroadband NIR‐emitting materials.
Optical Stern–Gerlach Effect in Periodically Poled Electro‐Optical Crystals
Authors: Zhu Wenguo , Liang Xinzhou , Xie Weichao , Zheng Huadan , Zhong Yongchun , Tang Jieyuan , Yu Jianhui , Chen Zhe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Stern–Gerlach (SG) effect provided the first direct experimental evidence of the quantization of electron spin. Although some analog SG effects have been proposed in optical systems, finding a perfect optical analog for the SG effect remains a challenge. Here, a novel optical SG effect is demonstrated in periodically poled electro‐optical crystals. Induced by an applied electric field, the principal axes of crystal rock periodically along the propagation direction of light. When the quasi‐phase‐matching condition is satisfied, the electro‐optical coupling process within the periodically poled crystal can be accurately described by the Schrödinger–Pauli equation for spin‐1/2 particles. The output photons can be deflected toward opposite directions according to their intrinsic spin angular momentum (circular polarizations), since the transversely varying duty cycle of crystal arises an effective magnetic‐field gradient. Moreover, the output photons can be separated according to two arbitrary orthogonal polarization states, allowing us to construct high‐speed electro‐optically tunable polarization beam splitters for arbitrary orthogonal polarization states. Therefore, the optical SG effect provides not only a perfect optical analog for the quantum SG effect but also a useful optical element for optics and quantum physics.
All‐Dielectric Terahertz Metasurfaces for Multi‐Dimensional Multiplexing and Demultiplexing
Authors: Liu Wanying , Jiang Xiaohan , Xu Quan , Huang Fan , Yang Quanlong , Lu Yongchang , Gu Yangfan , Gu Jianqiang , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTerahertz (THz) communication is an up‐and‐coming technology for the sixth‐generation wireless network. The realization of ultra‐high‐speed THz communication requires the combination of multi‐dimensional multiplexing schemes, including polarization division multiplexing (PDM), mode division multiplexing (MDM), and wavelength division multiplexing, to increase channel capacity. However, most existing devices for MDM in the THz regime are single‐purpose and incapable of multi‐dimensional modulation. Here, all‐dielectric metasurfaces are designed for 2D multiplexing/demultiplexing, which takes the lead in combining orbital angular momentum (OAM) MDM and PDM in the THz regime. The multi‐functional wavefront phase modulations and interleaved meta‐atom arrangements are used to realize polarization‐selective multichannel OAM mode (de)multiplexing, in which the linear‐polarized 4‐channel and circular‐polarized 6‐channel demultiplexing are experimentally demonstrated. Between different linear‐polarized channels, the measured maximum crosstalk is −16.88 dB, and the isolation of each channel can be greater than 10 dB in a range wider than 0.1 THz. This study paves the way for multi‐dimensional multiplexing in the THz regime, which may benefit extremely high‐capacity and integrated THz communication systems. The proposed design strategy is readily applied to multi‐functional metasurfaces for microwaves and far infrared light, facilitating the development of multiplexing technology and OAM‐related applications.
Increasing Efficiency of Ultrafast Laser Writing Via Nonlocality of Light‐Matter Interaction
Authors: Wang Huijun , Lei Yuhao , Shayeganrad Gholamreza , Svirko Yuri , Kazansky Peter G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn ultrafast laser writing, and light‐matter interaction in general, it has been widely accepted that the higher the energy density, the stronger material changes occur, unless thermal effects are involved. Here, this belief is challenged by demonstrating that a decreased energy density—achieved through increased scanning speed and without thermal accumulation—surprisingly leads to a more significant modification of silica glass, i.e, a higher increase in the isotropic refractive index or greater birefringence of nanopore‐mediated modification. This counterintuitive phenomenon is attributed to the nonlocality of light‐matter interaction at tight focusing, where the intensity gradient of the light beam and associated diffusion of charge carriers play a critical role in increasing material modification. A tenfold increase in the writing speed of the polarization multiplexed data storage with the potential to achieve MB s‐1 using high transmission nanopore‐based modification.
Morphological Characteristics, Properties, and Applications of Polylactide/Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Blends and Their Composites—A Review
Authors: Matumba Karabo Innocent , Mokhena Teboho Clement , Ojijo Vincent , Sadiku Emmanuel Rotimi , Ray Suprakas Sinha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOver the past years, poly(lactic acid) or polylactide (PLA) is commonly researched as a possible replacement for traditional fossil‐based polymers because of its compostability, biocompatibility, and high mechanical properties. PLA has a variety of applications in packaging, biomedical, and structural. However, PLA has limitations, such as high brittleness, low thermal stability, and a slow crystallization rate, which limits the wide range of applications. To overcome these limitations, the literature reports that blending PLA with other polymers, such as poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), is an economically viable approach. Although blending PLA with PCL is considered a feasible approach, the blend system still suffers from immiscibility, depending on the blend composition. This review aims to highlight recent developments from 2014 to date on the processing of PLA/PCL blends, including their composites, with a primary focus on morphological characteristics and mechanical and thermal properties, including their potential applications in various sectors.