bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometry and cytoadherence studies of sera from children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and normal controls
Authors: Froelich Christopher J. , Bankhurst Arthur D. , Crowe William E. , Williams Ralph C. , Warner Noel L. , Levinson Joseph E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecently, antibodies reactive with T cell subpopulations have been reported to exist in children with active juvenile arthritis (JRA). In an attempt to verify and extend these observations, we have studied children with JRA for the presence of anti‐T cell antibodies by flow cytometry and cytoadherence rosette techniques. T cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBL) by two methods: 1) Differential sedimentation of PBL rosetted with neuraminidase‐treated sheep erythrocytes, and 2) removal of immunoglobulin positive PBL by rosetting with rabbit anti–human F(ab′)2 coated bovine erythrocytes and differential sedimentation. Utilizing these methods to detect lymphoreactivity of JRA sera to either population of T cell isolates, we observed the binding of ultracentrifuged normal human sera (NHS) to be comparable to JRA sera (active and quiescent). NHS reacted with 15–25% of T cells. Further studies demonstrate that monomeric IgG was chiefly responsible for lymphoreactivity. The results of these studies are discussed in the context of previous observations.
Interaction between rheumatoid factor and antibody/DNA COMPLEXES
Authors: Birchmore Daniel A. , Taylor Ronald P. , Waller Steven J. , Davis John S. , Morley Kathi W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe influence of rheumatoid factor (RF) on the complement mediated binding of antibody/double‐stranded DNA immune complexes to red blood cells has been investigated. Our results indicate that RF enhances this binding reaction, apparently by fixing complement via its own Fc region. These findings suggest that under certain circumstances, RF may play an exacerbating role in the antibody/DNA induced glomeru‐lonephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Fatal thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Cecere Fred A. , Yoshinoya Sadyoshi , Pope Richard M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn immunologic mechanism, possibly immune complex mediated, has been suggested as the basis for the pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). The evidence supporting this concept has been the association of TTP with systemic lupus erythematosus and the successful therapy of TTP by plasmapheresis. However, most investigators have failed to demonstrate elevated circulating immune complexes during the course of TTP. This report describes a young woman with systemic lupus who developed TTP as a terminal event. Elevated levels of immune complexes were associated with periods of active lupus but were not detectable at the time she developed TTP.
Tγ cell subset specificity of lymphocyte reactive factors in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus sera
Authors: Williams R. C. , Froelich C. J. , Kilpatrick K. , Crowe W. E. , Levinson J. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from 34 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), 31 patients with systemic lupus erthematosus (SLE), and 22 normal controls were studied for microcytotoxicity before and after clearing in the ultracentrifuge. Normal T cells as well as Tγ and non‐Tγ subpopulations were used. Before ultracentrifugation all test sera showed apparent Tγ cell specificity in the microcytotoxicity assay where rabbit complement was added. JRA and SLE sera produced much higher proportions of cell killing than normal controls. Ultracentrifugal clearing resulted in marked diminution in microcytoxicity of JRA and some SLE sera. However, a considerable proportion of lupus sera continued to show T cell subset cytotoxicity after ultracentrifugal clearing. No evidence for significant alteration of Tγ resetting capacity was recorded when ultracentrifuge‐cleared test sera were preincubated with T cells prior to Tγ EA rosette formation. Apparent Tγ cytotoxic specificity in some uncleared JRA and SLE sera may relate to high molecular weight materials (IgM and immune complexes) present in such samples, whereas in others it relates to lymphocyte reactive antibody with subset reactivity.
Cold dependent activation of complement in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Atkinson John P. , Gorman John C. , Curd John , Hyla James F. , Deegan Michael J. , Keren David F. , Abdou Nabih I. , Walker Sara Ellen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 31‐year‐old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was studied because she developed markedly reduced total hemolytic complement activity at a time when her disease was clinically inactive. Functional assays demonstrated reduced activities of C1, C4, and C2, but normal concentrations of C3 and the terminal (C5–9) components were present. Antigenic concentrations of C1, C4, and C2 were normal. Plasma or serum obtained from blood allowed to clot at 37°C had normal complement activity. Complement activity was depleted when the patient's serum was incubated in the cold. At reduced temperatures, the patient's serum (or purified IgG) depleted complement activity of normal human sera. A second patient with SLE was also demonstrated to have this same phenomenon. Cryoglobulins were not detectable in these patients. These data indicate that in vivo the patients' complement was normal and that the observed in vitro reduction was caused by cold dependent activation of the classical pathway.
Increased incidence of cervical atypia in women with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with chemotherapy
Authors: Nyberg Gudrun , Eriksson Olof , Gunnar Westberg N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a retrospective study we found that 19 of 80 women with systemic lupus erythematosus had atypical cervical smears as compared to only 9 of 80 age‐matched women without the disease. This increased incidence occurred mainly among women receiving cytotoxic drugs. Cervical atypia in women with lupus was not morphologically different from cervical atypia in general. Possible mechanisms responsible for the increased incidence are discussed. It is concluded that women with lupus who receive chemotherapy should have cervical smears taken regularly.
Tγ lymphocytes of peripheral blood and synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mathieu Alessandro , Mereu Maria Cristina , Pisano Luisa 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution of Tγ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of one group of rheumatoid patients and in the synovial fluid in a second group was determined. The results were compared to those found for peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes of normal subjects and for synovial fluid lymphocytes of osteoarthrosis and meniscitis patients. Besides recording percentage and absolute number, we also used cytofluorographic analysis to determine individual capacity of PB Tγ cells to bind heat‐aggregated IgG (agg‐IgG). The following results were found: 1) there is no significant difference between the percentage and absolute number of PB Tγ lymphocytes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and those of controls, 2) individual RA PB Tγ cells had a greater number and/or avidity of Fc receptor for IgG than those cells of controls, and 3) the percentage of RA Tγ lymphocytes in synovial fluid, revealed by IgG‐EA ox rosetting, is significantly lower than that found in control patients. The factors that may determine a similar lymphocyte picture in RA are discussed.
Association of myositis and myocarditis in progressive systemic sclerosis
Authors: West Sterling G. , Killian Paul J. , Lawless Oliver J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA retrospective review of 47 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis revealed a highly significant (P < 0.001) association between myositis and myocarditis. Three patients developed clinically overt myocarditis as an early feature of their disease. These patients had an inflammatory myopathy indistinguishable from polymyositis. Despite an excellent clinical response to steroids, the late occurrence of life‐threatening conduction system defects appeared while they were receiving therapy. Consequently, patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and myositis should be evaluated for a coexisting myocarditis. The findings in these patients lend further support to the concept of a generalized myopathic process among the connective tissue diseases.
Assessment and interpretation of radiopharmaceutical joint imaging in an animal model of arthritis
Authors: Rosenspire Karen L. , Blau Monte , Kennedy Alastair C. , Green Floyd A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn animal model of arthritis in the rabbit was employed to assess the radioactivity contribution of joint tissues to externally monitored scintigram positivity. Bone contained the greatest total amount of radioactivity whether the imaging agent was technetium pertechnetate or pyrophosphate, although the greatest percent increase in the arthritis joints over control joints was seen in synovium. Mid‐shaft bone in the same region as the arthritic joint also showed increased radioactivity compared with control.
Low molecular weight IgM in rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases
Authors: Roberts‐Thomson Peter J. , Wernick Richard M. , Ziff Morris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLow molecular weight (LMW) IgM was measured in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other rheumatic diseases. High levels were seen in RA, particularly in rheumatoid vasculitis and Felty's syndrome, and significant correlations occurred between LMW IgM and the rheumatoid factor (RF) level and other indices that reflected active or severe disease. LMW IgM‐RF, measured by radio‐immunoassay in those column fractions containing LMW IgM, correlated significantly with LMW IgM (P < 0.005); preliminary experiments suggested that in some sera, a considerable proportion of the LMW IgM consisted of LMW IgM‐RF. We conclude that LMW IgM and LMW IgM‐RF may have important implications in the immunopathogenesis of RA and other rheumatic diseases.
Experimental siderosis of articular chondrocytes cultured in vitro
Authors: Choi Ye‐Chin , Hough Aubrey J. , Morris Gregory M. , Sokoloff Leon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSiderosis of rabbit articular chondrocytes was produced in vitro as a model for the cartilage damage of hemophilic arthropathy. Both FeSO4 0.1–2.5 mM and rabbit hemoglobin (as hemolyzed serum, 14 mg/ml) caused iron storage in cell and organ culture. FeSO4 was far more effective. The fine structure of the siderosomes resulting from both iron sources was comparable to that observed in hemophilic and other forms of hemosiderosis. Particles resembling ferric oxyhydroxide were included in the FeSO4 but not the hemoglobin derived siderin. Iron storage following FeSO4 was enhanced 5‐fold by culturing with rabbit rather than fetal calf serum. Despite repeated washing of the cultures and detachment with trypsin, an extracellular pool of Fe3+ persisted in the cell pellets. Cytotoxicity of Fe was manifested by formation of myelin bodies and a dose‐dependent reduction of cell number. There was an inverse relationship betweeen cytotoxicity and iron storage following administration of FeSO4 to five other cell types. Ascorbate 40 μg/ml stimulated DNA synthesis but had no protective effect against the cytotoxicity of FeSO4. Little erythrophagocytosis was shown by the chondrocytes. Desferrioxamine (0.01–2.5 mM) was markedly toxic for dividing but not for stationary chondrocytes. Administered after iron storage had been induced with FeSO4, 1.0–2.5 mM desferrioxamine removed stainable siderin granules over the course of 4 days.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE MOUSE SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
Authors: Okada Yasunori , Nakanishi Isao , Kajikawa Kinichiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe synovial membrane of the mouse knee joint was examined by electron microscopy and electron microscopic histochemistry, with special reference to the development of the extracellular matrix. In the embryonic synovium, the intercellular spaces were filled with hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate. The formation of the early joint cavity appeared to be initiated by accumulation of hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate in the synovial primordium. At the postnatal stage, the synovial primordium differentiated into a true synovial intima that could be easily identified by the presence of two distinct lining cells: fibroblast‐like cells (B cells) and phagocytic cells (A cells). Simultaneously, the synovial intima provided the specialized extracellular matrix that was characterized by organized structures of micro‐fibrils, collagen fibers, and fibrous long spacing fibers embedded in a large number of glycoproteins.
Enhanced neutral protease activity in proliferating rheumatoid synovial cells
Authors: Hatcher Victor B. , Borg Joanne P. , Levitt Mindy , Smith Carol 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProteolytic enzymes associated with rheumatoid synovial cells (RSC) have been implicated in the degradation of articular cartilage. Proteases have been measured in proliferating rheumatoid synovial cells (P‐RSC), proliferating nonrheumatoid synovial cells (P‐NSC), and their nonproliferating counterparts (NP‐RSC and NP‐NSC). The P‐RSC and P‐NSC exhibit enhanced total surface‐associated plus secreted neutral protease activity, as compared with NP‐RSC and NP‐NSC. The P‐RSC exhibited significantly higher protease activity in this category compared to P‐NSC. The RSC also secreted higher levels of secreted proteases alone compared to NSC. The secreted protease activity alone was not related to the proliferative state of the cells. Extractable protease activity was measured in early‐passaged and serially‐passaged P‐RSC, NP‐RSC, P‐NSC, and NP‐NSC. Extractable cellular protease activity measured at pH ranges from 5.0 through 8.0 was not significantly different between P‐RSC and NP‐RSC or between P‐NSC and NP‐NSC. The RSC contained elevated extractable cellular protease activity measured at pH ranges from 5.0 through 8.0 compared to extracts from later‐passaged cells. The neutral protease activity in the early‐passaged RSC was also higher than that measured at pH 6.0 or 8.0. In synovial cells cellular protease activity was related to the proliferative state and the origin of the cells. The P‐RSC exhibited the highest levels of surface associated plus secreted neutral protease activity. The RSC also possessed the highest levels of extractable protease activity compared to NSC.
Pharmacogenetic studies on the drug‐related lupus syndrome. differences in antinuclear antibody development and drug‐induced DNA damage in rapid and slow acetylator animal models
Authors: Weber W. W. , Tannen R. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPharmacogenetic study of an inbred mouse model system derived from A/J (slow acetylator) and C57BL/6J (rapid acetylator) parental strains shows that spontaneous occurrence of antinuclear antibodies is associated with the slow acetylator phenotype although the development of spontaneous and procainamide‐induced antinuclear antibodies is a dissociable process. In another study using primary cultures of intact hepatocytes obtained from slow and rapid acetylator rabbits, observations indicate that the amount of DNA damage induced by exposure to hydrazine and arylamine containing foreign compounds depends on the concentration of the foreign compound used as well as on the acetylator phenotype. Exposure to hydralazine induced greater DNA damage in slow acetylator hepatocytes whereas exposure to the arylamine carcinogen, 2‐aminofluorene, induced greater DNA damage in rapid acetylator hepatocytes.
Relationship between immune response to hydralazine and to deoxyribonucleoprotein in patients receiving hydralazine
Authors: Mcduffie Frederic C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a prospective study of 21 hypertensive patients receiving hydralazine for 1 year, we found a close relationship between development of antibodies to deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) and to hydralazine but no evidence for cross‐reactivity between antibodies to these two antigens. Of 8 patients who developed increased levels of antiDNP, 7 also developed antibodies to hydralazine. Inhibition of the reaction between DNP and antiDNP as measured by radioimmunoassay in 3 patients with hydralazine lupus could not be achieved with large amounts of hydralazine. However, antibodies to DNP produced in guinea pigs immunized with hydralazine conjugates could be inhibited with hydralazine in accordance with previous studies by others on rabbits. In the human, antibodies to DNP which develop during hydralazine administration are not due to cross‐reactive antibodies nor do they appear as a result of immune response to an in vivo hydralazine DNP conjugate.
The effect of combination therapy (steroids, immunosuppressives, and plasmapheresis) on 5 mixed cryoglobulinemia patients with renal, neurologic, and vascular involvement
Authors: Geltner David , Kohn Robert W. , Gorevic Peter , Franklin Edward C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA prospective clinical study evaluated the effects of combined chemotherapy, steroids, and plasmapheresis on 5 patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia with renal or neurologic and vasculitic manifestations. Treatment included prednisone (1 mg/kg/day), chlorambucil (white blood cell count at > 3,000/mm3), and plasmapheresis (1 to 3 liters/week). There was healing of cutaneous uleers (3/3), improvement in renal function (4/4), and diminution of purpura (2/2), but little improvement in peripheral neuropathy. Complications included leukopenia, perineal ulcers, and osteomyelitis.
Specificity of hidden 19s igm rheumatoid factor in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Moore Terry L. , Dorner Robert W. , Weiss Terry D. , Baldassare Andrew R. , Zuckner Jack 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHidden 19S IgM rheumatoid factors (RF)—i.e., RF detected in the IgM‐containing fraction after separation of the serum at an acid pH—have been found in 68% of patients with seronegative juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Inhibition studies utilizing a hemolytic assay for RF were performed to determine the specificity of hidden 19S IgM RF. Sera from 14 children with JRA were separated by gel filtration at pH 4.05. Two were seropositive for RF and 12 were seronegative; the latter had high titer hidden 19S IgM RF. The IgM‐containing fractions were preincubated with monomeric human IgG, rabbit IgG, or bovine IgG, and the complement‐dependent hemolytic assay was performed. The RF in the IgM fraction from the 2 seropositive patients were inhibited most strongly by rabbit IgG, whereas hidden RF in the IgM fraction of 9 seronegative patients were inhibited markedly by human IgG (homologous IgG equal to autologous IgG), poorly by rabbit IgG, and not at all by bovine IgG. Further inhibition studies with the hidden 19S IgM RF demonstrated inhibition by the human IgG1 subclass in all patients and only minimal inhibition by the IgG3 subclass in 3 patients. Inhibition with IgG1 Fc fragments produced by papain and thermolysin digestion demonstrated inhibition by only those fragments that contained the G1m (a) antigenic area which is found in the Cγ3 homology area of the IgG1 molecule. These data indicate that hidden 19S IgM RF possibly circulate as immune complexes bound to the IgG1 molecule and the binding chiefly occurs in the G1m (a) homology area.
Human synovial fibroblast plasminogen activator. modulation of enzyme activity by antiinflammatory steroids
Authors: Hamilton John A. , Bootes Alison , Phillips Paul E. , Slywka J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman synovial fibroblasts in culture have been shown to have low plasminogen activator (PA) activity; however, conditioned medium from concanavalin A‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (c‐MCCM) stimulates the cellular levels of this protease. The present study shows that low concentrations of a series of antiinflammatory steroids inhibit the PA activities of both unstimulated and c‐MCCM‐stimulated fibroblasts. Dexamethasone, the corticosteroid studied in greatest detail, suppresses both the extracellular and cell‐associated enzyme activities; this inhibition is rapid, reversible, and is not due to the inhibition of cellular RNA, protein, or DNA synthesis. PA has been invoked as possibly being generally important for the processes of cell migration, tissue remodeling, and inflammation. These in vitro observations suggest that physiologic and/or pharmacologic control of the PA levels in synovial fibroblasts might also be achieved in vivo by the interacting effects of mutually antagonistic agents, namely, a product from stimulated mononuclear cells and glucocorticoids.
Experimentally Induced Osteoarthritis in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Schwartz Edith R. , Oh Won H. , Leveille Cynthia R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDeveloping osteoarthritis, surgically induced in the right hind knee joint of guinea pigs by different procedures (A or B), was studied in animals maintained on either minimal or supplemented levels of dietary vitamin C. Procedure A, consisting of transecting the anterior cruciate and major portion of the medial collateral ligaments, resulted in a slower developing and less severe form of the disease than procedure B which also included a partial menisectomy. Regardless of the surgical procedure used, animals on minimal levels of ascorbate always exhibited more severe pathology than those on high levels. When compared with controls, a significant enhancement of acid phosphatase characterized arthritic cartilage in both supplemented and minimal diet groups, although the increase was 2‐fold greater in the latter. In addition, a significant elevation of arylsulfatase A and B activities was observed only in the minimal diet group. Early stages of pathology in both diet groups were characterized by formation of repair cartilage which stained strongly with Safranin O on histologic sections. As the disease progressed, pitting, ulcerations, and eburnation occurred in the minimal diet group. Cartilage weight in normal joints was greater for guinea pigs kept on high levels of vitamin C. It is likely that this stimulated synthesis of cartilage in the supplemented animals protected against the erosion of the articular cartilage which characterized the more severe disease process in the guinea pigs on minimal levels of ascorbate.
Autoimmunity to Collagen
Authors: Trentham David E. , Kammer Gary M. , Mccune W. Joseph , David John R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirty‐one patients with seronegative psoriatic arthritis, 27 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 10 with psoriasis alone, and 20 normal volunteers were studied for autoimmunity to human collagens. Cellular and humoral responses were frequently observed in the 2 groups with arthritis, but the subjects without arthritis did not display reactivity to native collagens. These data demonstrate that collagens function as autoantigens in both psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis.
Natural Cell‐Mediated Cytotoxicity in Sjögren's Syndrome and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Goto Makoto , Tanimoto Kiyoaki , Chihara Tadao , Horiuchi Yoshihiko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNatural cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) was measured in 7 patients with Sjögren's syndrome without complication of connective tissue disease, 5 patients with Sjögren's syndrome associated with connective tissue disease other than rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 13 patients with Sjögren's associated with RA, and 29 patients with RA without Sjögren's. All 25 patients with Sjögren's syndrome showed a significantly suppressed NCMC. In the patients with RA but without Sjögren's, the NCMC for 21 female patients was rather enhanced when compared with controls, while 8 male patients did not differ from controls. The reduced NCMC in the Sjögren's patients did not seem to correlate with the presence of antilymphocyte antibody. A more accelerated rate of NCMC was demonstrated in the patients with RA who were receiving gold therapy.