bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells in Serum-Free Medium Reveals Distinct Roles for Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Stem Cell Factor, and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 in Hematopoiesis
Authors: Pick Marjorie , Azzola Lisa , Mossman Anna , Stanley Edouard G. , Elefanty Andrew G. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
We have utilized a serum- and stromal cell-free “spin embryoid body (EB)” differentiation system to investigate the roles of four growth factors, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stem cell factor (SCF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), singly and in combination, on the generation of hematopoietic cells from human embryonic stem cells (HESCs). Of the four factors, only BMP4 induced expression of genes that signaled the emergence of the primitive streak-like population required for the subsequent development of hematopoietic mesoderm. In addition, BMP4 initiated the expression of genes marking hematopoietic mesoderm and supported the generation of hematopoietic progenitor cells at a low frequency. However, the appearance of robust numbers of hematopoietic colony forming cells and their mature progeny required the inclusion of VEGF. Finally, the combination of BMP4, VEGF, SCF, and FGF2 further enhanced the total yield of hematopoietic cells. These data demonstrate the utility of the serum-free spin EB system in dissecting the roles of specific growth factors required for the directed differentiation of HESCs toward the hematopoietic lineage.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Functional Network Analysis of the Transcriptomes of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Amniotic Fluid, Amniotic Membrane, Cord Blood, and Bone Marrow
Authors: Tsai Ming-Song , Hwang Shiaw-Min , Chen Kuang-Den , Lee Yun-Shien , Hsu Li-Wen , Chang Yu-Jen , Wang Chao-Nin , Peng Hsiu-Huei , Chang Yao-Lung , Chao An-Shine , Chang Shuenn-Dyh , Lee Kuan-Der , Wang Tzu-Hao , Wang Hsin-Shih , Soong Yung-Kuei 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays and functional network analyses, we examined whether MSCs derived from four different origins exhibited unique gene expression profiles individually and then compared the gene expression profiles of all MSCs with those of fetal organs. Our results indicated that within each group of MSCs from the same origin, the variability of the gene expression levels was smaller than that between groups of different origins. Functional genomic studies revealed the specific roles of MSCs from different origins. Our results suggest that amniotic fluid MSCs may initiate interactions with the uterus by upregulating oxytocin and thrombin receptors. Amniotic membrane MSCs may play a role in maintaining homeostasis of fluid and electrolytes by regulating the networks of endothelin, neprilysin, bradykinin receptors, and atrial natriuretic peptide. Cord blood MSCs may be involved in innate immune systems as the neonatal defense system against the earliest encountered pathogens. Adult bone marrow MSCs may be an important source not only of all blood lineages but also of bone formation. However, in spite of the different gene expression profiles seen in MSCs derived from different origins, a set of core gene expression profiles was preserved in these four kinds of MSCs. The core signature transcriptomes of all MSCs, when contrasted against those of fetal organs, included genes involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix and adhesion, transforming growth factor-β receptor signaling, and the Wnt signaling pathways.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Significance of the second dip in the ultra-high energy cosmic ray spectrum
Authors: Wibig Tadeusz 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA new feature in the spectrum of ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) has been announced in the paper by Berezinsky, Gazizov and Kachelrieβ. The ratio of the solution of the exact transport equation to its solution in the continuous energy loss limit shows intriguing features which, according to the Authors, are related to the very nature of the energy loss processes of UHECR: the very sharp second dip predicted at 6.3 × 1019 eV can be used as an energy calibration point and also as the UHECR mass indicator for big future cosmic ray experiments. In the present paper we would like to advocate that this statement is an overinterpretation. The second dip is a result of an inappropriate approximation used, and thus it cannot help to understand the nature of UHECR in any way.
Derivation of hESC from Intact Blastocysts
Authors: Ilic Dusko , Genbacev Olga , Krtolica Ana 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis unit describes protocols for culturing human embryos and deriving human embryonic stem cells from the intact blastocyst. Description of the culturing begins with methods for obtaining human blastocysts using pronuclear or cleavage stage embryos left over after in vitro fertilization. Then there is a description of methods that can be used to derive human embryonic stem cell lines from the blastocyst without trophectoderm removal. Also included is a discussion of the critical steps and parameters such as zona pellucida removal, embryo quality assessment, feeder selection, when and how to transfer early embryonic outgrowths. In addition, there are protocols for embryo thawing, seeding of feeder cells, gelatin coating of plates, cleavage and blastocyst stage embryo grading, preparation and storage of reagents and solutions. Finally, there is a discussion of alternative derivation approaches as well as the timeline for the procedures. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 1:1A.2.1‐1A.2.18. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation of Human Placenta‐Derived Multipotent Cells and In Vitro Differentiation into Hepatocyte‐Like Cells
Authors: Huang Hsing‐I 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSeveral types of progenitor cells can be isolated from various human adult tissues such as bone marrow, adipose tissues, and umbilical cord. Placental tissue collected after labor and delivery can provide a valuable source for adult stem cells. These progenitor cells, termed placenta‐derived multipotent cells (PDMCs), are fibroblast‐like cells which can attach on the bottom of culture vessels. PDMCs are capable of differentiating into various cells such as adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and neurons. Recently, we showed that PDMCs also possess the ability to differentiate into hepatocyte‐like cells. This unit describes the protocols for isolation of PDMCs from human term placental tissue and for setting up in vitro differentiation of PDMCs toward hepatocyte‐like cells. These cells not only express the characteristics of human liver cells, but also demonstrate several functions of typical hepatocytes. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 1:1E.1.1‐1E.1.9. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Cord Blood
Authors: Laitinen Anita , Laine Jarmo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCord blood is a rich source of stem cells especially for hematopoietic stem cells. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have also been shown to exist in cord blood. However, these fibroblast‐like multipotent progenitor cells are rather rare in cord blood. Many different methods have been used for their culture. This unit describes one method to obtain MSCs from cord blood and another method to differentiate these cells into osteoblasts, which is one of the lineages that mesenchymal stem cells are capable of differentiating into. The starting material for the protocol is cord blood–derived mononuclear cells. As cord blood contains a great number of erythroid precursors, the glycophorin A–positive cells are depleted using magnetic cell separation to reduce their presence in MSC culture. Osteoblast differentiation and a method to demonstrate the result of the differentiation are also described in this unit. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 1:2A.3.1‐2A.3.7. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Occupational injury among cooks and food service workers in the healthcare sector
Authors: Alamgir Hasanat , Swinkels Helena , Yu Shicheng , Yassi Annalee 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundIncidence of occupational injury is anticipated to be high among cooks and food service workers (CFSWs) because of the nature of their work and the types of raw and finished materials that they handle.MethodIncidents of occupational injury, resulting in lost time or medical care over a period of 1 year in two health regions were extracted from a standardized operational database and with person years obtained from payroll data, detailed analysis was conducted using Poisson regression modeling.ResultsAmong the CFSWs the annual injury rate was 38.1 per 100 person years. The risk of contusions [RR, 95% CI 9.66 (1.04, 89.72)], burns [1.79 (1.39, 2.31)], and irritations or allergies [3.84 (2.05, 7.18)] was found to be significantly higher in acute care facilities compared to long‐term care facilities. Lower risk was found among older workers for irritations or allergies. Female CFSWs, compared to their male counterparts, were respectively 8 and 20 times more likely to report irritations or allergies and contusions. In respect to outcome, almost all irritations or allergies required medical visits. For MSI incidents, about 67.4% resulted in time‐loss from work.ConclusionsPrevention policies should be developed to reduce the hazards present in the workplace to promote safer work practices for cooks and food service workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:528–535, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dicoumarol complexes of Cu(II), Fe(II) and Fe(III): preparation, characterization, in‐vitro antibacterial and DNA binding activity
Authors: Pansuriya Pramod B. , Patel Mohan N. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract3‐3′‐Benzylidenebis[4‐hydroxycoumarin] or 4‐nitro,3‐3′‐benzylidenebis[4‐hydroxycoumarin] or 4‐methoxy,3‐3′‐benzylidenebis[4‐hydroxycoumarin] and their complexes with Cu(II), Fe(II) and Fe(III) were synthesized and characterized using 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, IR spectra, electronic spectra, magnetic measurements and elemental analyses. The ligands, metal salts, complexes, control and standard drug were tested for their in‐vitro antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, and Serratia marcescens. The metal complexes exhibit good activity against bacterial strains compared with parental compounds and moderate compared with the standard drug (ciprofloxacin). In‐vitro DNA‐binding activity was carried out using agarose gel electrophoresis. The synthesized compounds show effective DNA‐binding activity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of N,N‐bis(diphenylphosphino)aniline palladium(II) complexes as pre‐catalysts in Heck coupling reactions
Authors: Gümgüm Bahattin , Biricik Nermin , Durap Feyyaz , Özdemir Ismail , Gürbüz Nevin , Ang Wee Han , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPalladium(II) complexes with N,N‐bis(diphenylphosphino)aniline ligands catalyse the Heck reaction between styrene and aryl bromides, affording stilbenes in good yield. The structures of two of the complexes used as pre‐catalysts have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiovascular alterations in Macaca monkeys exposed to stationary magnetic fields: Experimental observations and theoretical analysis
Authors: Tenforde T. S. , Gaffey C. T. , Moyer B. R. , Budlnger T. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSimultaneous measurements were made of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and the intraarterial blood pressure of adult male Macaca monkeys during acute exposures to homogeneous stationary magnetic fields ranging in strength up to 1.5 tesla. An instantaneous, field strength‐dependent increase in the ECG signal amplitude at the locus of the T wave was observed in fields greater than 0.1 tesla. The temporal sequence of this signal in the ECG record and its reversibility following termination of the magnetic field exposure are consistent with an earlier suggestion that it arises from a magnetically induced aortic blood flow potential superimposed on the native T‐wave signal. No measurable alterations in blood pressure resulted from exposure to fields up to 1.5 tesla. This experimental finding is in agreement with theoretical calculations of the magnetohydrodynamic effect on blood flow in the major arteries of the cardiovascular system.
An optical method for investigating the microwave absorption characteristics of DNA and other biomolecules in solution
Authors: Swicord Mays L. , Davis Christopher C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDirect determination of the microwave absorption characteristics of biological molecules in solution by an optical heterodyne technique is described. A visibly transparent sample is irradiated in a spatially nonuniform manner with pulsed microwaves, and the spatial variation in temperature increase measured by detecting the phase chirp impressed on a single‐frequency HeNe laser beam passing through the heated region. Results for several liquids and solutions such as water, methanol, various saline solutions, and solutions of DNA and DNA sodium salt in water are described. Where direct comparison is possible the results agree very well with published values. A significant increase in the absorption of DNA solutions compared with pure water has been observed that is consistent with microwave absorption by the longitudinal mode of the double helix.
Influence of in vitro microwave radiation on the fertilizing capacity of turkey sperm
Authors: Hall C. A. , McRee D. I. , Galvin M. J. , White N. B. , Thaxton J. P. , Christensen V. L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTurkey sperm were exposed to 2.45‐GHz microwave radiation in a temperature‐controlled waveguide apparatus. Temperature was maintained at either 25 or 40.5 °C. The sperm were exposed for 30 min at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 10 or 50 mW/g. Following irradiation, the sperm were used to inseminate virgin turkey hens artificially. During the 9 weeks following the single insemination, the following were assessed: mean number of eggs, percentage of fertile eggs, rate of decrease in egg fertility, percentage of hatched eggs, and percentage of early and late deaths. These data demonstrate that, for the conditions used in these experiments, microwave radiation has no effect on the fertilizing capacity of turkey sperm.
Quantitative changes in potassium, sodium, and calcium in the submaxillary salivary gland and blood serum of rats exposed to 2880‐MHz microwave radiation
Authors: Furmaniak Anna 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNa+, K+, and Ca2+ concentrations in the blood serum and submaxillary salivary gland (SSG) were investigated in adult, male rats exposed to 2880‐MHz microwaves modulated with 1.5‐μs pulses at a pulse repetition rate of 1000 Hz or in a hyperthermal environment. Rats were exposed, one at a time, for 30 min to microwaves producing a specific absorption rate (SAR) of: 4.2, 6.3,6.8,8.4, 10.8, or 12.6 W/kg, or were sham exposed under similar environmental conditions. In a second series, one group of rats was exposed singly for 15, 30, or 60 min to microwaves producing an SAR of 9.5 W/kg and other rats were exposed for similar periods at 40 °C; and 10 rats were sham exposed. Flame photometric analysis indicated that the thresholds of microwave radiation required to induce a change in Na+, K+, and Ca2+ concentrations in the salivary glands are 6.8, 6.8, and 6.3 W/kg, respectively. The directions of Na+, K+, and Ca2+ ion shifts in exposed rats' salivary glands are similar, whether affected by microwaves or hyperthermia. Greater changes in Na+ and K+ concentrations in SSG of rats exposed to microwaves for 15 and 30 min were found than in those exposed at 40 °C. On the other hand, exposure to hyperthermia at 40 °C or to microwaves for 1 h caused Na+ concentration to be increased by 68.7 and 59.5% and K+ concentration to be decreased by 29.6 and 21.7%, respectively.
Chronic exposure of rabbits to 0.5 and 5 mW/cm2 2450‐MHz CW Microwave Radiation
Authors: Chou Chung‐Kwang , Guy Arthur W. , Borneman Lucinda E. , Kunz Lawrence L. , Kramar Piro 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo groups of 16 male New Zealand rabbits were exposed to 2450‐MHz continuous wave microwave fields in two experiments of 90 days each. The incident power densities of the first and second experiment were 0.5 and 5 mW/cm2, respectively. During each study, 16 animals were adapted to a miniature anechoic chamber exposure system for at least 2 weeks, then 8 of them were exposed for 7 h daily, 5 days a week for 13 weeks, and the other 8 animals were sham exposed. The rabbits were placed in acrylic cages, and each was exposed from the top in an individual miniature anechoic chamber. Thermography showed a maximum specific absorption rate of 5.5 W/kg in the head and 7 W/kg in the back at 5‐mW/cm2 incident power density. After each 7‐h exposure session, the animals were returned to their home cages. Food consumption in the exposure chamber and body mass were measured daily. Blood samples were taken before exposure and monthly thereafter for hematological, morphological, chemical, protein electrophoresis, and lymphocyte blast transformation studies. Eyes were examined for cataract formation. Finally, pathological examinations of 28 specimens of organs and tissues of each rabbit were performed. Statistically, there was a significant (P < .01) decrease only of food consumption during the 5‐mW/cm2 exposure; other variables were not significantly different between exposed and control groups.
Hematologic and serum chemistry studies in rats exposed to 60‐Hz electric fields
Authors: Ragan H. A. , Buschbom R. L. , Pipes M. J. , Phillips R. D. , Kaune W. T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNumerous hematologic and serum chemistry variables were examined in rats exposed to unperturbed 60‐Hz electric fields at 100 kV/m for 15, 30, 60, or 120 days. Each study was replicated once. Rigorous statistical evaluations of these data did not detect any consistent effect of the electric field for exposures of up to 120 days. It was, however, not unusual in any individual study to detect certain variables that were significantly different between the exposed and shamexposed animals. This emphasizes the need for replicate designs and appropriate statistical analyses when investigating chemical or physical insults that may have minimal influence on biologic function.
Reproductive hazards among workers at high voltage substations
Authors: Nordström S. , Birke E. , Gustavsson L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA retrospective study on reproductive hazards was performed among 542 employees at Swedish power plants. Questionnaires were answered by 89% of the employees. Data on pregnancies were checked by studying hospital case records. There was a statistically significant, decreased frequency of „normal”︁ pregnancy outcome, almost exclusively due to an increased frequency of congenital malformations, when the father was a high‐voltage switchyard worker. The differences in pregnancy outcome could not be explained by any of the confounding factors analyzed. The total number of children with malformations (26) and the total number of pregnancies in this study, however, were very small.
Effects of microwave exposure on the hamster immune system. II. Peritoneal macrophage function
Authors: Rao G. Rama , Cain Charles A. , Lockwood J. , Tompkins W. A. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAcute exposure of hamsters to microwave energy (2.45 GHz; 25 mW/cm2 for 60 min) resulted in activation of peritoneal macrophages that were significantly more viricidal to vaccinia virus as compared to sham‐exposed or normal (minimum‐handling) controls. Macrophages from microwave‐exposed hamsters became activated as early as 6 h after exposure and remained activated for up to 12 days. The activation of macrophages by microwave exposure paralleled the macrophage activation after vaccinia virus immunization. Activated macrophages from vacciniaimmunized hamsters did not differ in their viricidal activity when the hamsters were microwave or sham‐exposed. Exposure for 60 min at 15 mW/cm2 did not activate the macrophages while 40 mW/cm2 exposure was harmful to some hamsters. Average maximum core temperatures in the exposed (25 mW/cm2) and sham groups were 40.5 °C (±0.35 SD) and 38.4 °C (±0.5 SD), respectively. In vitro heating of macrophages to 40.5 °C was not as effective as in vivo microwave exposure in activating macrophages to the viricidal state. Macrophages from normal, shamexposed, and microwave‐exposed hamsters were not morphologically different, and they all phagocytosed India ink particles. Moreover, immune macrophage cytotoxicity for virus‐infected or noninfected target cells was not suppressed in the microwave‐irradiated group (25 mW/cm2, 1 h) as compared to sham‐exposed controls, indicating that peritoneal macrophages were not functionally suppressed or injured by microwave hyperthermia.
Immunological effects of amplitude‐modulated radio frequency radiation: B lymphocyte capping
Authors: Sultan Michel F. , Cain Charles A. , Tompkins Wayne A. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractB lymphocytes collected from normal ICR Swiss mouse spleens were exposed in vitro in a Crawford cell to 147‐MHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation, amplitude modulated by a 9‐, 16‐, or 60‐Hz sine wave. The power densities ranged between 0.11 and 48 mW/cm2. The irradiated samples and the controls were maintained at 37 °C or 42 °C, with temperature variations less than 0.1 °C. Immediately after a 30‐minute exposure, the distribution of antigen‐antibody (AgAb) complexes on the cell surface was evaluated at 37 °C by immunofluorescence. Under normal conditions (37 °C, no RF), AgAb complexes are regrouped into a polar cap by an energy‐dependent process. Our results demonstrate that the irradiated cells and the nonirradiated controls capped AgAb complexes equally well after exposure at 37 °C. Capping was equally inhibited at 42 °C in both the controls and irradiated cells. No statistically significant differences in capping were observed between the RF‐exposed and control samples at any of the modulation frequencies and power densities employed as long as both preparations were maintained at the same temperature.
Inhalation chambers for air ion research
Authors: Charry Jonathan M. , Cerniglia Paul A. , Weiss Jay M. , Finger Richard F. , Michel Thomas J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMany previous problems in establishing the nature of biological and behavioral effects of small air ions have been due to poor control over the ion‐inhalation microclimate, resulting in nonuniform electrical fields and highly uneven concentrations of small air ions. We have developed a corona discharge air ion‐inhalation system for use with animals that incorporates rigorous control over the microclimate and produces highly uniform concentrations of small air ions throughout the exposure area.
Microwave effects on immobilized peroxidase chemiluminescence
Authors: Kiel Johnathan L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractProtein gels formed by crosslinking bovine serum albumin and horseradish peroxidase with glutaraldehyde were used to measure effects on peroxidase activity of 400‐MHz (CW) radiofrequency radiation (RFR) at an average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.45 W/ kg. The enzyme activity was measured by luminol chemiluminescence recorded on photographic film after hydrogen peroxide activation. Activity was measured during RFR exposure of gels or after exposure of gels polymerized in the RFR field. During exposure, a significant (P < .05) reversible increase occurred in overall mean peroxidase activity of gels activated with 0.88 M H2O2 but not in those activated with 8.8 M H2O2. Gels containing solubilized luminol and formed in the field showed no overall mean increase in peroxidase activity, but did display a highly significant (P < .001) alteration in the distribution of local activities when compared to unexposed gels. These results are apparently due to changes in the rate of diffusion (concentration equilibration) of hydrogen peroxide in the gel.