bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a high-molecular-weight carboxymethylcellulose in a tissue protective solution for prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesions in ponies
Authors: Murphy David J. , Peck Lynn S. , Detrisac Carol J. , Widenhouse Christopher W. , Goldberg Eugene P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate efficacy and safety of IP administration of high-molecular-weight carboxymethylcellulose (HMW CMC) for the prevention of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions in ponies.Animals—10 ponies.Procedure—A 1% solution of HMW CMC was instilled intra-abdominally prior to surgery in 5 ponies, whereas 5 control ponies did not receive HMW CMC. Postoperative adhesions were induced by use of a bowel-abrasion method comprising laparotomy, typhlotomy, and abrasion of jejunal serosa at multiple sites with placement of 3 sutures at each site. Day of surgery was day 0. After surgery, ponies were monitored, and hematologic, serum biochemical, and peritoneal fluid analyses were performed on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10. On day 10, ponies were euthanatized. Intra-abdominal adhesions were recorded, and tissue samples were collected for histologic examination.Results—A significantly greater number of adhesions, number of multiple adhesions, and mean incidence of adhesions were identified in control ponies, compared with CMC-treated ponies. Mean peritoneal fluid WBC count on day 7 and serum fibrinogen concentrations on days 5 and 7 were significantly higher in control ponies, compared with CMC-treated ponies. Results of serum biochemical analyses did not differ significantly between the 2 groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Intra-abdominal use of 1% HMW CMC during surgery was effective for preventing postoperative adhesions in ponies. Use of HMW CMC did not have detrimental effects on wound healing, intra-abdominal defenses, or patient health. A 1% solution of HMW CMC may be used routinely during abdominal surgery of horses for prevention of postoperative adhesions. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1448–1454)
Influence of long-term treatment with tetracycline and niacinamide on antibody production in dogs with discoid lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mueller Ralf S. , Fieseler Kathryn V. , Bettenay Sonya V. , Rosychuk Rodney A.W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effect of long-term treatment with tetracycline and niacinamide on antibody production in dogs by measuring postvaccinal serum concentrations of antibodies against canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus.Animals—10 dogs receiving long-term treatment with tetracycline and niacinamide (treatment group) and 10 healthy dogs (control group).Procedure—The treatment group included 9 dogs with discoid lupus erythematosus and 1 dog with pemphigus foliaceus on long-term treatment (> 12 months) with tetracycline and niacinamide. The control group included 10 healthy dogs with no clinical signs of disease and no administered medications for the past 3 months. Blood samples were obtained from all dogs by jugular venipuncture. Serum antibody titers against canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus antigens were measured, using hemaglutination inhibition and serum neutralization, respectively, and compared between groups.Results—A significant difference in antibody titers between treatment- and control-group dogs was not found. All dogs had protective antibody titers against canine distemper virus, and 8 of 10 dogs from each group had protective titers against canine parvovirus infection.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—These results provide evidence that long-term treatment with tetracycline and niacinamide does not interfere with routine vaccinations and thus does not seem to influence antibody production in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2002; 63:491–494)
Finasteride-induced prostatic involution by apoptosis in dogs with benign prostatic hypertrophy
Authors: Sirinarumitr Kaitkanoke , Sirinarumitr Theerapol , Johnston Shirley D. , Sarkar Dipak K. , Kustritz Margaret V. Root 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of finasteride on programmed cell death (apoptosis) of prostatic cells during prostatic involution in dogs with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).Animals—9 dogs with BPH.Procedure—Dogs were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups. Treatment dogs (n = 5) were administered finasteride (0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) for 16 weeks, whereas the 4 control dogs were administered an inert compound. Prostatic cells from the prostatic fluid portion of the ejaculate of treatment and control dogs were obtained before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 16 weeks after initiation of treatment. Cells were concentrated by use of centrifugation. Prostatic cells were examined for indications of apoptosis by use of a terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase- mediated deoxyuracil triphosphate nick-end labeling technique. After receiving the inert compound for 16 weeks, the 4 control dogs were administered finasteride for 16 weeks, and evaluations were repeated.Results—Percentage of apoptotic prostatic cells in ejaculated prostatic fluid of treatment dogs increased significantly (from 9% before treatment to 33, 31, 26, and 27% after 1, 2, 3, and 8 weeks of treatment, respectively). There was no significant change in percentage of apoptotic prostatic cells in the ejaculated prostatic fluid of control dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Finasterideinduced prostatic involution appears to be via apoptosis in dogs with BPH. Finasteride treatment of dogs with BPH causes prostatic involution by apoptosis rather than necrosis. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:495–498)
Cardiovascular changes associated with intravenous administration of fumonisin B1 in horses
Authors: Smith Geoffrey W. , Constable Peter D. , Foreman Jonathan H. , Eppley Robert M. , Waggoner Amy L. , Tumbleson Mike E. , Haschek Wanda M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether cardiovascular dysfunction is evident in horses with leukoencephalomalacia experimentally induced by administration of fumonisin B1.Animals—11 healthy horses of various breeds (body weight, 252 to 367 kg).Procedure—Horses were randomly assigned to 3 groups and administered fumonisin B1daily. Horses received IV injections of 0 (control horses; n = 4), 0.01 (3), or 0.20 mg (4) of fumonisin B1/kg for 7 to 28 days. Horses were examined daily for evidence of neurologic disease. When neurologic signs consistent with leukoencephalomalacia were evident, horses were anesthetized, and catheters were inserted for evaluation of the cardiovascular system. After recovery from anesthesia, hemodynamic measurements were obtained.Results—Fumonisin-treated horses with clinical signs of neurologic disease had evidence of cardiovascular dysfunction manifested as decreases in heart rate, cardiac output, right ventricular contractility (assessed by measuring the maximal rate of change of right ventricular pressure), coccygeal artery pulse pressure, and pH and base excess in venous blood as well as increases in systemic vascular resistance, compared with values for control horses. Fumonisin-treated horses with and without clinical signs of neurologic disease also had higher serum and right ventricular sphinganine and sphingosine concentrations than control horses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—An association was detected among fumonisin-induced neurologic disease, increased serum and myocardial sphinganine and sphingosine concentrations, and decreased cardiovascular function in horses. Fumonisin-induced decreases in cardiovascular function may contribute to the pathophysiologic development of leukoencephalomalacia in horses. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:538–545).
Elemental composition of teeth with and without odontoclastic resorption lesions in cats
Authors: Colley Patricia A. , Verstraete Frank J. M. , Kass Philip H. , Schiffman Peter 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine elemental composition of teeth with and without odontoclastic resorption lesions (ORL) in cats.Sample Population—Normal teeth from 22 cadaver cats and ORL-affected teeth from 21 cats admitted to the veterinary hospital for dental treatment.Procedure—An electron microprobe was used to analyze weight percentages of calcium, phosphorus, fluorine, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, potassium, and iron in enamel, dentin, and cementum.Results—Calcium and phosphorus were the most abundant elements. Fluorine, sodium, and magnesium combined were < 5% and sulfur, potassium, and iron combined were < 0.1% of total elemental composition. In enamel of normal teeth, a significant sex-by-jaw location interaction was seen in mean (± SD) phosphorus content, which was higher in mandibular teeth of females (17.64 ± 0.41%) but lower in mandibular teeth of males (16.71 ± 0.83%). Mean iron content in dentin of normal teeth was significantly lower in mandibular teeth than maxillary teeth (0.014 ± 0.005% vs 0.023 ± 0.019%). Mean enamel sodium content was significantly higher (0.77 ± 0.046% vs 0.74 ± 0.025) and mean enamel iron content was significantly lower (0.017 ± 0.008% vs 0.021 ± 0.005%) in ORL-affected teeth, compared with normal teeth. In cementum, mean fluorine content was significantly lower (2.98% ± 0.27 vs 2.99 ± 0.20%) and mean magnesium content was significantly lower (0.54 ± 0.13% vs 0.60 ± 0.13%) in ORLaffected teeth, compared with normal teeth.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of our study establish baseline mineral content of enamel, dentin, and cementum for normal teeth in cats. Minimal differences in mineral content of enamel and cementum of normal and ORL-affected teeth were detected. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:546–550)
Analysis of synovial fluid from clinically normal alpacas and llamas
Authors: Waguespack Richard W. , Belknap Ellen B. , Spano Joseph S. , Wenzel James G. W. , Pugh David 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To establish reference range values for synovial fluid from clinically normal New World camelids.Animals—15 llamas and 15 alpacas.Procedure—Llamas and alpacas were anesthetized with an IM injection of a xylazine hydrochloride, butorphanol tartrate, and ketamine hydrochloride combination. Synovial fluid (1 to 2 ml) was obtained by aseptic arthrocentesis from the radiocarpal and tarsocrural joints. Synovial fluid evaluation included determination of total nucleated cell count (NCC), absolute number and percentage of polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear leukocytes, total protein, and specific gravity.Results—Synovial fluid evaluation revealed a total NCC of 100 to 1,400 cells/μl (mean ± SD, 394.8 ± 356.2 cells/μl; 95% confidence interval [CI], 295.2 to 494.6 cells/μl). Mononuclear leukocytes were the predominant cell type with lymphocytes, composing 50 to 90% (mean, 75.6 ± 17.2%; 95% CI, 70.8 to 80.4%) of the mononuclear leukocytes. Approximately 0 to 12% (mean, 1.3 ± 2.9%; 95% CI, 0.49 to 2.11%) of the cells were PMN leukocytes. Total protein concentrations ranged from 2.0 to 3.8 g/dl (mean, 2.54 ± 0.29 g/dl; 95% CI, 2.46 to 2.62 g/dl); the specific gravity ranged between 1.010 and 1.026 (mean, 1.017 ± 0.003; 95% CI, 1.016 to 1.018).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—In llamas and alpacas, significant differences do not exist between species or between limbs (left vs right) or joints (radiocarpal vs tarsocrural) for synovial fluid values. Total NCC and absolute number and percentage of PMN and mononuclear leukocyte are similar to those of other ruminants and horses. However, synovial fluid total protein concentrations in New World camelids are high, compared with other domestic species. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:576–578)
Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of the humoral response of cattle vaccinated against Campylobacter fetus
Authors: Repiso María V. , Baraibar Martín A. , Olivera María A. , Silveyra Silvia , Battistoni Julio 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To develop a reliable ELISA by use of a
unique antigen preparation for serum IgG quantification
after vaccination against Campylobacter fetus in
cattle.

Animals—Twenty-six 24-month-old virgin Hereford
heifers and a naturally infected Hereford bull.

Procedures—5 antigens were prepared from a cell
suspension of C fetus. Antigen preparations were the
same as those reported in the literature, with the
exception of antigens that were obtained by detergent
solubilization of a C fetus cell suspension. For
each antigen preparation, the optimal ELISA conditions
for its immobilization were determined.
Biotinylated antibodies against bovine immunoglobulins
were obtained and used in the ELISA. Two
groups of heifers were inoculated with commercial
vaccines according to manufacturers' instructions. A
control group was included. The immune response of
vaccinated heifers and controls was followed for 6
months.

Results—Detergent solubilized C fetus antigens
resulted in better ELISA performance than other antigen
preparations. Antigens were optimally immobilized
at neutral pH and low ionic strength. All antigen
preparations saturated the well with the same
amount of protein. The vaccination schedule that
advised a booster resulted in higher antibody titers,
which were sustained over a longer period than the
other schedule.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In the vaccination
of cattle against C fetus, the ELISA we have
developed may be used to evaluate serum antibody
concentrations in response to various vaccines and
vaccination schedules. Our results indicate that it is
advisable to include a booster in the immunization
protocol. (Am J Vet Res 2002;63:586–590)
Relationships between fecal consistency and colonic microstructure and absorptive function in dogs with and without nonspecific dietary sensitivity
Authors: Rolfe Vivien E. , A. Adams Colleen , Butterwick Richard F. , Batt Roger M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine relationships between fecal
consistency and colonic microstructure and absorptive
function in dogs with and without nonspecific
dietary sensitivity.

Animals—12 dogs with nonspecific dietary sensitivity
(affected) and 9 healthy dogs (controls).

Procedure—Affected dogs were fed 4 test diets and
control dogs, 3 diets for 4 weeks each in a crossover
design. Fecal consistency was assessed daily. At the
end of each feeding period, electrolyte and water
transport were assessed, and colonic biopsy specimens
were obtained for histologic examination and
measurement of crypt water uptake by use of confocal
microscopy.

Results—Feces were consistently looser in affected
dogs. In control dogs, we detected net colonic
absorption of sodium and chloride and secretion of
potassium and bicarbonate. Absorption of sodium
and chloride was less in affected dogs, compared
with controls, indicating that electrolyte transport was
disrupted in affected dogs. This disruption was accentuated
during feeding of diets associated with significantly
poorer fecal consistency (ie, loose feces). Fecal
consistency was inversely correlated with crypt water
absorption, which was reduced in affected dogs.
Colonic crypts were shorter and less dense in affected
dogs fed diets associated with poor fecal consistency,
compared with affected dogs fed other diets or
with control dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Colonic transport
function is a major determinant of fecal consistency
in dogs. Dogs with nonspecific dietary sensitivity
are particularly susceptible to diet-induced
changes in absorptive function. Such changes are
associated with damage to colonic microstructure,
disrupted electrolyte transport, and failure to dehydrate
luminal contents. (Am J Vet Res 2002;
63:617–622).
Plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α in cats with congestive heart failure
Authors: Meurs Kathryn M. , Fox Philip R. , Miller Matthew W. , Kapadia Samir , Mann Douglas L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether plasma concentrations
of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are increased
in cats with congestive heart failure (CHF) secondary
to cardiomyopathy.

Animals—26 adult cats with CHF and cardiomyopathy
and 9 healthy control cats.

Procedure—Plasma concentrations of TNF-α were
measured in cats with CHF and cardiomyopathy.
Tumor necrosis factor-α was measured by quantifying
cytotoxic effects of TNF-α on L929 murine fibrosarcoma
cells.

Results—Concentrations of TNF-α were increased
(0.13 to 3.6 U/ml) in 10 of 26 cats with CHF but were
undetectable in the other 16 cats with CHF and all
control cats. In 20 of 26 cats with CHF, right-sided
heart failure (RHF) was evident; TNF-α concentrations
were increased in 9 of these 20 cats. The remaining 6
cats had left-sided heart failure (LHF); TNF-α concentrations
were increased in only 1 of these cats. Age of
cats with LHF (mean ± SD, 12.1 ± 6.2 years) was not
significantly different from age of the cohort with RHF
(10.5 ± 5.2 years). Body weight of cats with increased
TNFα concentrations (5.4 ± 1.8 kg) was not significantly
different from body weight of cats with CHF
that did not have measurable concentrations of TNF-α
(4.7 ± 1.6 kg).

Conclusionss and Clinical Relevance—Concentrations
of TNF-α were increased in many cats with
CHF. Cats with RHF were most likely to have
increased TNF-α concentrations. Increased plasma
concentrations of TNF-α in cats with CHF may offer
insights into the pathophysiologic mechanisms of
heart failure and provide targets for therapeutic interventions.
(Am J Vet Res 2002;63:640–642)
Inheritance of hypoadrenocorticism in Bearded Collies
Authors: Oberbauer Anita M. , Benemann K. S. , Belanger Janelle M. , Wagner D. R. , Ward J. H. , Famula Thomas R. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To assess heritability and mode of inheritance
for hypoadrenocorticism in Bearded Collies.

Animals—635 Bearded Collies.

Procedure—Dogs were classified as affected by
hypoadrenocorticism or unaffected. Phenotypic and
pedigree data were analyzed. Heritability was estimated
by use of Bayesian statistical methods.
Regressive logistic models for complex segregation
analyses were used to characterize mode of inheritance.

Results—Hypoadrenocorticism was diagnosed in
60 (9.4%) dogs. Heritability of hypoadrenocorticism
was estimated to be 0.76 with both sexes
affected with equal probability. Evaluation of the
pedigrees did not support a Mendelian autosomal
dominant mode of inheritance. Evidence from the
complex segregation analysis for a single locus of
large effect on hypoadrenocorticism was not convincing.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hypoadrenocorticism
in Bearded Collies is highly heritable.
Although a precise genetic mechanism responsible
for inheritance of the disorder remains undetermined,
breeding decisions must include consideration of the
genetic likelihood of passing on this deleterious disorder
to offspring of affected dams and sires. (Am J
Vet Res 2002;63:643–647).
Effects of DNA dose, route of vaccination, and coadministration of porcine interleukin-6 DNA on results of DNA vaccination against influenza virus infection in pigs
Authors: Larsen Diane L. , Olsen Christopher W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To examine the effects of DNA dose, site of vaccination, and coadministration of a cytokine DNA adjuvant on efficacy of H1-subtype swine influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) DNA vaccination of pigs.Animals—24 eight-week-old mixed-breed pigs.Procedure—2 doses of DNA were administered 27 days apart by use of a particle-mediated delivery system (gene gun). Different doses of HA DNA and different sites of DNA administration (skin, tongue) were studied, as was coadministration of porcine interleukin-6 (pIL-6) DNA as an adjuvant. Concentrations of virus-specific serum and nasal mucosal antibodies were measured throughout the experiment, and protective immunity was assessed after intranasal challenge with homologous H1N1 swine influenza virus.Results—Increasing the dose of HA DNA, but not coadministration of pIL-6 DNA, significantly enhanced virus-specific serum antibody responses. Pigs that received DNA on the ventral surface of the tongue stopped shedding virus 1 day sooner than pigs vaccinated in the skin of the ventral portion of the abdomen, but none of the vaccinated pigs developed detectable virus-specific antibodies in nasal secretions prior to challenge, nor were they protected from challenge exposure. Vaccinated pigs developed high virus-specific antibody concentrations after exposure to the challenge virus.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Co-administration of pIL-6 DNA did not significantly enhance immune responses to HA DNA vaccination or protection from challenge exposure. However, HA DNA vaccination of pigs, with or without coadministration of pIL-6 DNA, induced strong priming of the humoral immune system. (Am J Vet Res2002; 63:653–659)
Antimicrobial-induced endotoxin and cytokine activity in an in vitro model of septicemia in foals
Authors: Bentley Adrienne P. , Barton Michelle H. , Lee Margie D. , Norton Natalie A. , Moore James N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine which antimicrobials that are used to treat neonatal foals with septicemia attributable toEscherichia coliwill minimize endotoxin release from bacteria and subsequent activity of inflammatory mediators while maintaining bactericidal efficacy.Sample Population—Blood samples from 10 healthy foals.Procedure—Escherichia coliisolates A and B were isolated from 2 septicemic foals, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined for 9 antimicrobials. Five of these antimicrobials were tested in vitro at 2 and 20 times their respective MIC. Whole blood or mononuclear cells grown in tissue- culture media were incubated with 105colonyforming units ofE coliand each antimicrobial or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. After 6 hours, number of viable bacteria remaining was determined, and supernatant was tested for endotoxin and tumor necrosis activity.Results—Testing in whole blood was compromised by bactericidal effects of the blood itself. In mononuclear cell suspensions, each antimicrobial significantly reduced the number of viable bacteria to low or undetectable amounts. Antimicrobials did not differ significantly in efficacy of bacterial killing. Amikacin used alone or in combination with ampicillin resulted in significantly less endotoxin activity than did ampicillin, imipenem, or ceftiofur alone. There was a correlation between TNF-α and endotoxin activity.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Aminoglycosides appear less likely to induce endotoxemia and TNF-α synthesis during bactericidal treatment ofE colisepticemia, compared with β-lactam antimicrobials. Use of ampicillin, imipenem, or ceftiofur in the treatment of septicemic neonatal foals should be accompanied by appropriate treatment for endotoxemia. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:660–668)