bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All‐Solid‐State Reference Electrodes with Poly(n‐butyl acrylate) Based Membranes
Authors: Kisiel Anna , Michalska Agata , Maksymiuk Krzysztof , Hall Elisabeth A. H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA new kind of all‐solid‐state reference electrode, suitable for potentiometry with ion‐selective electrodes is proposed, where a poly(n‐butyl acrylate) based membrane is coated on a glassy carbon support with conducting polymer–polypyrrole ion‐to‐electron transducing layer. These electrodes are compatible with poly(acrylate) based ion‐selective electrodes in simple disposable cells, where both indicator and reference electrode can be produced in a single fabrication process, using the same or similar methods. The composition of the membrane with lipophilic salt and Ag/AgCl system was tuned to expose nonselectivity and to obtain a stable potential, independent of solution composition. Near‐zero slopes of potentiometric characteristics were recorded in typical electrolyte solutions in the concentration range: 1 to 10−5 M, stable potentials and only slight influence of interferents: oxygen, redox reactants, H+/OH− ions and surfactants make this arrangement promising for practical applications, particularly when matched against a similar ion‐selective electrode. Tests of cells with poly(n‐butyl acrylate) based membrane potassium selective sensors and reference electrodes confirmed their analytical applicability.
Measure of quality of life for Taiwanese persons with early to moderate dementia and related factors
Authors: Chiu Yi‐Chen , Shyu Yeaing , Liang Jersey , Huang Hsiu‐Li 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundThis study validates the Chinese Dementia‐Quality of Life instrument (DQoL) in patients with early to moderate stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, CDR = 0.5, 1, and 2; MMSE > = 12).MethodsA cross‐sectional design was used involving 98 participants (27 controls, 35 patients with questionable dementia (QD), and 36 patients with mild to moderate AD) and 51 paired family caregivers (FCs) (20 FCs of QD patients, 31 FCs of AD patients). FCs were recruited to evaluate patients' DQoL using the parallel form. Internal consistency, construct validity and concurrent validity of the DQoL were examined.ResultsThe findings indicated that the Chinese DQoL instrument has stable internal consistency but only moderate validity when used in early to moderate AD participants with MMSE greater than, or equal to 12. The DQoL and Self‐esteem subscales were significantly different across the three dementia severity groups. The values of internal consistency of the DQoL and its five subscales were high for the ratings of both the patients and the FCs. The interscale correlations for the DQoL were almost all significant for patients' and FCs' ratings. Agreement of the DQoL and its subscales for patients and FCs was significant. However, two inconsistencies were found in the results of the factor analysis and the prior conceptualization of patients' DQoL, the subscales of Self‐esteem and Negative Affect. Global cognitive impairment and self‐care problems significantly correlated with the patients' DQoL, while the patients' depressive symptoms and self‐care problems significantly correlated with the FCs' DQoL.ConclusionsThe Chinese DQoL reported by early to moderate AD patients has good reliability, but moderate validity because the patients' depressive symptoms did not correlate with their DQoL and the major subscales. Both patients' and FCs' ratings on DQoL are important in research and treatment decision making. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peripheral T‐cell lymphomas, unspecified (or not otherwise specified): a review
Authors: Rodriguez‐Abreu Delvys , Filho Volmar Belisario , Zucca Emanuele 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPeripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCL) comprises a heterogeneous group of haematological tumours, which originate from mature T‐cells, and constitute less than 15% of all non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) in adults. The current WHO classification recognizes nine distinct clinicopathologic peripheral T‐cell NHLs, being the ‘unspecified variant’ (PTCL‐U) the most common subtype. These neoplasms often present in advanced stage at diagnosis, and most commonly have an aggressive clinical course requiring prompt treatment. The rarity of these tumours requires additional studies to better understand their biology and search for new therapies which may hopefully improve the dismal outcome of most patients. This review aims to describe the pathobiological aspects as well the clinical characteristics and current therapeutic strategies of the PTCLs, with special attention to the group of PTCL‐U Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MRI assessment of lung parenchymal motion in normal mice and transgenic mice with sickle cell disease
Authors: Kiryu Shigeru , Sundaram Tessa , Kubo Shigeto , Ohtomo Kuni , Asakura Toshio , Gee James C. , Hatabu Hiroto , Takahashi Masaya 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeTo test the feasibility of a method to quantify regional pulmonary parenchymal motion via nonrigid registration algorithm at small animal scales.Materials and MethodsVoxel‐wise displacement vector field maps were generated between end‐inspiratory and end‐expiratory coronal thoracic MR images on normal mice (N = 5) to analyze the magnitude and direction of parenchymal motion in the segmented regions. The analysis was repeated before and after short‐term exposure to hypoxia to demonstrate the effect of hypoxia on the respiratory motion in transgenic (Tg) mice with sickle cell disease (SCD) (N = 4).ResultsNormal mice revealed that the right and left lungs moved symmetrically but that there was greater movement in the lower regions than in the upper regions. Calculated strain was uniform in the entire lung. In the Tg mice, the pulmonary motion before hypoxia was similar to that observed in the normal mice. Upon exposure to hypoxia, the displacement magnitude reduced and the direction of motion in some areas became distorted.ConclusionMR quantification of pulmonary motion was feasible in mice and the principle that the method could detect mechanical abnormalities due to pathologic changes was proven. Quantification of pulmonary motion has the potential to lead to earlier disease diagnosis and better monitoring of disease treatments. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Navigator‐triggered isotropic three‐dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of malignant biliary obstructions: Comparison with direct cholangiography
Authors: Choi Jin‐Young , Lee Jeong Min , Lee Jae Young , Kim Se Hyung , Lee Min Woo , Han Joon Koo , Choi Byung Ihn 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of navigator‐triggered isotropic three‐dimensional (3D) MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) using parallel imaging for malignant biliary obstruction with direct cholangiography.Materials and MethodsA total of 23 patients with malignant biliary obstruction underwent MRCP and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)/percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). Two observers retrospectively evaluated 3D‐MRCP and ERCP/PTC and recorded the level of obstruction and extent of tumor along with their confidence. The quality of images and morphologic appearance of stricture were also evaluated by two reviewers. The results of MRCP and ERCP/PTC were compared with surgical and histopathological data.Results3D‐MRCP was of diagnostic quality and free of artifacts in all patients, whereas ERCP/PTC examinations failed in three patients. For the evaluation of level of obstruction, there was no statistical significance between 3D‐MRCP and ERCP/PTC. 3D‐MRCP was superior to ERCP/PTC in the assessment of anatomical extent of hilar bile duct involvement, but did not show statistical significance. The accuracy of 3D‐MRCP in determining tumoral extent of hilar cancer was higher than that of ERCP/PTC, but it was not statistically significant. The image quality of 3D‐MRCP was superior to ERCP/PTC. There was good agreement between morphologic appearance at MRCP and those at ERCP/PTC.Conclusion3D‐MRCP can accurately assess the level of obstruction and extent of tumor in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional imaging of the parotid glands using blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD)‐MRI at 1.5T and 3T
Authors: Simon‐Zoula Sonia C. , Boesch Chris , De Keyzer Frederik , Thoeny Harriet C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the function of the parotid glands before and during gustatory stimulation, using an intrinsic susceptibility‐weighted MRI method (blood oxygenation level dependent, BOLD‐MRI) at 1.5T and 3T.Materials and MethodsA total of 10 and 13 volunteers were investigated at 1.5T and 3T, respectively. Measurements were performed before and during gustatory stimulation using ascorbate. Circular regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated in the left and right parotid glands, and in the masseter muscle for comparison. The effects of stimulation were evaluated by calculating the difference between the relaxation rates, ΔR2*. Baseline and stimulation were statistically compared (Student's t‐tests), merging both parotid glands.ResultsThe averaged ΔR2* values prestimulation obtained in all parotid glands were stable (–0.61 to 0.38 × 10–3 seconds–1). At 3T, these values were characterized by an initial drop (to –2.7 × 10–3 seconds–1) followed by a progressive increase toward the baseline. No significant difference was observed between baseline and parotid gland stimulation at 1.5T, neither for the masseter muscle at both field strengths. A considerable interindividual variability (over 76%) was noticed at both magnetic fields.ConclusionBOLD‐MRI at 3T was able to detect ΔR2* changes in the parotid glands during gustatory stimulation, consistent with an increase in oxygen consumption during saliva production. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the effects of independently‐controlled end‐tidal PCO2 and PO2 on blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) MRI
Authors: Prisman Eitan , Slessarev Marat , Han Jay , Poublanc Julien , Mardimae Alexandra , Crawley Adrian , Fisher Joseph , Mikulis David 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeTo assess the effect of changes in end‐tidal partial pressure of O2 (PETO2) on cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) estimated from changes in blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) signal during cyclic changes in end‐tidal partial pressure of CO2 (PETCO2).Materials and MethodsBOLD response to fixed cyclic step changes in PETCO2 (range = 30.4–48.8 mmHg) and PETO2 (range = 100.6–444.0 mmHg) was studied in four healthy volunteers.ResultsThe BOLD reactivity to PETCO2 and PETO2 were 0.283 (0.188–0.379) (median, range) and 0.004 (0.003–0.006)%/mmHg, respectively, in the whole brain; 0.438 (0.382–0.614) vs. 0.006 (0.004–0.009)%/mmHg, respectively, in the gray matter; and 0.075 (0.065–0.093) vs. 0.002 (0.001–0.002)%/mmHg, respectively, in the white matter.ConclusionThe BOLD reactivity to PETO2 was much smaller than that to PETCO2. However, BOLD reactivity can be significantly distorted by CO2‐induced changes in PETO2. We conclude that PETO2 should be carefully controlled during studies that use BOLD reactivity as an indicator of CVR. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid 3D‐T1 mapping of cartilage with variable flip angle and parallel imaging at 3.0T
Authors: Wang Ligong , Schweitzer Mark E. , Padua Abraham , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeTo rapidly acquire T1‐weighted images using a three‐dimensional fast low angle shot (3D FLASH) sequence in combination with generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) and variable flip angle (VFA) method at 3.0T.Materials and Methods3D T1 maps of model systems (gadolinium [Gd] and agarose phantoms), bovine cartilage, and human subjects were constructed on a 3.0T clinical whole‐body MR scanner. The T1 values of model systems measured using the 2D inversion‐recovery fast‐spin‐echo (IR‐FSE) sequence were considered as a reference method to validate the rapid 3D method for comparison.ResultsThe root mean square coefficient of variation percentage (RMS‐CV%) of the median T1 of agarose phantom across different acquisition methods was ∼6.2%. The RMS‐CV% of the median T1 of bovine cartilage across different acquisition methods was ∼4.1%. The RMS‐CV% of median T1 of the cartilages among the subjects was between ∼7.3% to 11.1%. In our study, rapid 3D‐T1 mapping with VFA and parallel imaging with different acceleration factors (AFs) (AF = 1, 2, 3, and 4) seems to have no obvious influence on the T1 mapping (before and after contrast agent administration).ConclusionThe preliminary results demonstrate that it is possible to quantify 3D‐T1 mapping of the whole knee joint (with 0.7 mm3 isotropic resolution) under approximately five minutes with excellent in vivo reproducibility at 3.0T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI‐guided radiofrequency ablation of breast cancer: Preliminary clinical experience
Authors: van den Bosch Maurice , Daniel Bruce , Rieke Viola , Butts‐Pauly Kim , Kermit Eben , Jeffrey Stefanie 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study was designed to demonstrate the feasibility of MRI‐guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of breast cancer. A total of three women diagnosed with invasive ductal breast cancer were treated with percutaneous MRI‐guided RFA, according to a treat and resect protocol, in our hospital. RFA procedures were performed in an open 0.5T Signa‐SP imager allowing direct patient access and real‐time monitoring of the procedure. In all patients ablation was performed with a 15‐gauge insulated MRI‐compatible multiple needle probe. MRI thermometry and contrast‐enhanced postablation MRI were used to evaluate the ablation process. Patients underwent lumpectomy within a week of the RFA procedure. Histopathology confirmed successful (100%) tumor ablation in one patient, and partial tumor destruction (33% and 50%, respectively) in two patients. Challenges of MRI‐guided breast RFA that need to be solved to facilitate progress of the technique toward clinical practice are discussed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gray matter prefrontal changes in type 2 diabetes detected using MRI
Authors: Kumar Anand , Haroon Ebrahim , Darwin Christine , Pham Daniel , Ajilore Olusola , Rodriguez Genevieve , Mintz Jim 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeTo examine the volumes of the gray and white matter both globally and regionally in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and controls.Materials and MethodsOur samples were comprised of 26 patients with type 2 diabetes, 26 patients with diabetes and major depressive disorder, and 25 nondiabetic, nondepressed control subjects. All subjects were studied cross‐sectionally on a 1.5 T scanner and were recruited from medicine/diabetes clinics. Both gray and white matter volumes were estimated using an automated method, and the prefrontal areas studied included the anterior cingulate, the gyrus rectus, and the orbitofrontal regions.ResultsPatients with diabetes, both with and without depression, had smaller total brain gray matter volumes when compared with the control subjects after controlling for age, intracranial volume, and years of education. This group also had smaller gray matter volumes in the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal regions when compared with the controls after additionally controlling for total gray matter volume. The depressed and nondepressed diabetic groups did not differ on any neuroimaging measure. Cerebrovascular risk factors correlated negatively with gray matter volumes.ConclusionThe findings indicate that type 2 diabetes is associated with specific neuroanatomical abnormalities in the prefrontal gray matter. Vascular disease might contribute to the findings observed in our sample. These observations have implications for the behavioral sequelae of diabetes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gray and white matter changes in Alzheimer's disease: A diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Rose Stephen E. , Janke PhD Andrew L. , Chalk Jonathan B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeTo investigate microstructural changes in cortical and white matter pathways in patients with Alzheimer's disease using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Materials and MethodsMeasures of mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were compared in the brains of 13 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and a group of 13 aged‐matched control participants employing an optimized DTI technique involving a fully automated, voxel‐based morphometric (VBM) analysis.ResultsAfter rigorous control for anatomical variation and confounding partial volume effects, we found significantly elevated MD measures within the hippocampus, amygdala, and medial temporal, parietal, and frontal lobe gray matter regions in the AD participants. The largest number of pixels with increased MD was localized bilaterally, within the posterior cingulate gyrus. The FA was significantly reduced within the thalamus, parietal white matter, and posterior limbs of the internal capsule, indicating significant involvement of corticothalamic and thalamocortical radiations.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that rigorous VBM analysis of DTI data can be used to investigate microstructural changes in cortical, subcortical, and white matter regions in AD. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Renal artery stenosis: Extracting quantitative parameters with a mathematical model fitted to magnetic resonance blood flow data
Authors: Larsson Martin , Persson Anders , Eriksson Per , Kihlberg Johan , Smedby Örjan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the feasibility of quantitative parameter extraction from a mathematical model fitted to renal artery magnetic resonance flow data.Material and MethodsA total of 16 subjects, eight patients, and eight normal controls, were examined with cine phase‐contrast velocity measurements, and blood flow data from the aorta and both renal arteries were extracted by means of contour detection. A mathematical model with eight parameters describing the time, duration, and amplitude of the systolic acceleration and the diastolic deceleration was fitted to the aorta and renal artery blood flow data from each subject. The curve fitting was evaluated with R2 values. Statistical analysis was performed with unpaired Wilcoxon tests and stepwise logistic regression.ResultsA total of three data sets out of 48 yielded R2 values below 0.80 and were considered unreliable for parameter estimation. Basal flow was significantly, and systolic peak amplitude almost significantly, lower in stenotic arteries. Logistic regression indicated that two parameters describing basal flow and the duration of acceleration can accurately predict stenosis.ConclusionThe results suggest that it is technically feasible to fit a mathematical model to renal blood flow data, extracting quantitative parameters that may prove useful for quantification and diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of integrative repair of the meniscus following acute exposure to interleukin‐1 in vitro
Authors: Wilusz Rebecca E. , Weinberg J. Brice , Guilak Farshid , McNulty Amy L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDamage or loss of the meniscus is associated with progressive osteoarthritic degeneration of the knee joint. Injured and degenerative joints are characterized by elevated levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), which with prolonged exposure can induce catabolic and anti‐anabolic activities that inhibit tissue repair. We used an in vitro model system to examine the hypotheses that acute exposure to IL‐1 inhibits meniscal repair, and that an IL‐1–mediated increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is associated with the inhibition of repair. Integrative tissue repair was studied between concentric explants of porcine medial menisci that were treated with IL‐1α acutely (100 pg/mL for 1 or 3 days) or chronically (100 pg/mL for entire culture duration). After 14 and 28 days in culture, biomechanical testing, cell viability, and histology were performed to assess meniscal repair. Total specific MMP activity in the culture media was measured using a quenched fluorescent substrate. As little as 1 day of IL‐1 exposure significantly reduced shear strength, cell accumulation, and tissue repair compared to controls. IL‐1 exposure for 1 or 3 days significantly increased MMP activity that subsided by day 9. With chronic IL‐1 exposure, MMP activity remained elevated for the duration of culture and was negatively correlated with repair strength. Our study shows that short‐term exposure to physiologically relevant concentrations of IL‐1 significantly reduces meniscal repair in vitro, and thus may potentially inhibit the intrinsic repair response in vivo. The suppression of IL‐1 or MMP expression and/or activity warrant investigation as potential strategies for promoting meniscal repair. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:504–512, 2008
Effect of hyaluronan on osteogenic differentiation of porcine bone marrow stromal cells in vitro
Authors: Zou Lijin , Zou Xuenong , Chen Li , Li Haisheng , Mygind Tina , Kassem Moustapha , Bünger Cody 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHyaluronan (HA) plays a predominant role in tissue morphogenesis, cell migration, proliferation, and cell differentiation. The aims of the present study were to investigate whether (i) prolonged presence of high concentration (4.0 mg/mL) 800 KDa HA and (ii) pretreatment with HA can modify osteogenic differentiation of pig bone marrow stromal cells (pBMSC). Cell proliferation and mineralization were measured. Expression of differentiation‐related genes was evaluated by means of real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). HA increased cell proliferation on day 7. HA decreased the basal level of bone‐related gene expression and increased the basal level of sox9 marginally during 7‐day pretreatment with HA. HA increased calcium deposit on day 21. cbfa1, ALP, and type 1α collagen (Col1) expression was increased when pBMSC were cultivated in osteogenic medium, whereas their expression was decreased in the presence of HA on day 7. On day 14, the addition of HA upregulated cbfa1 and ALP expression compared to osteogenic medium group; there was no significant difference in Col1 expression. At day 21, osteocalcin (OC) expression showed 2.5‐fold upregulation over osteogenic medium. These results suggest that exogenous HA stimulates endogenous HA, which together may play a synergetic role in osteogenic differentiation under osteoinducing conditions although gene expression was inhibited at the early stage. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:713–720, 2008