bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal repeat sequences are ubiquitous sites of unequal crossover and recombination across the human genome
Authors: Ohadi Mina , Tajeddin Nahid , Bayat Hadi , Annear Dale J , AMA Maddi , Khorshid Hamid R. Khorram , Kavousi Kaveh , Delbari Ahmad , Nikkhah Alireza , Arabfard Masoud 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
We previously reported that a major portion of trinucleotide two-repeat units (TTUs) are sites of unequal crossover and consequent colonization, that are massively spread and shared across the genomes of human and several other primates. These sites underscore the preference of AT- over CG-rich sequences, as recombination sites.
Methods
Here we extended our study to dinucleotides of AT/TA and CG/GC. An algorithm was designed to extract genomic regions with a higher probability of recombination. To this end, the algorithm consisted of dinucleotide 3-repeat units (D3Us), a portion of which was hypothesized to be the basic overlapping units, resulting from unequal crossover between dinucleotide two-repeat units (D2Us). We mapped TATATA, ATATAT, CGCGCG, and GCGCGC across the human genome, and analyzed their colonization (distance between consecutive D3Us < 500 bp). We also studied several colonies of various sizes in up to 100 vertebrates, using the UCSC and ENSEMBL Genome Browsers.
Results
We found 3,989,861 AT/TA and 95,849 CG/GC D3Us across the human genome, the majority of which resided in over 480,000 colonies, ubiquitously spread along all chromosomes. The AT/TA colonies were significantly larger and more intricate than CG/GC colonies. These colonies were mainly specific to, or of their largest size in human. D2Us and D3Us were the primary sites of unequal crossover in these colonies, resulting in the emergence of primary recombinants (overlaps among AT/TA repeats), ranging from 5- to 15-bp, and a vast repertoire of secondary recombinants (recombination among pure and primary recombinants), and eventually, colonies of exceeding intricacy and significance, based on Poisson distribution.
Conclusion
We report ubiquitous and intricate colonies of exceeding significance, in which D2Us and D3Us were the primary sites of unequal crossover and recombination. Across vertebrates, these colonies reached their maximum size in human. It is plausible that minimal DNA repeat sequences, such as D2Us, D3Us, and TTUs, mark recombination a ubiquitous rule across the human genome. This phenomenon may transform our perception of recombination, its magnitude, and biological and evolutionary consequences.
Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization of Model Oil Using Hydrogen Peroxide and Silica- Coated Fe₃O₄-Supported Kiggin -Type Polyoxometalates: Experimental and Monte Carlo Computational Insights
Authors: Saadat Mohammad , Iravani Alireza , Moharramnejad Mojtaba , Mohammadi Mohsen Ramazanzade , Karim Amir , Malekshah Rahime Eshaghi , Shahi Mehrnaz , Ehsani Ali 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In this study, a new phospho-molybdic Kiggin-type polyoxometalate supported on silica-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (FS/PMo) with core-shell structure was prepared, and for detection of catalyst, XRD, FTIR, TEM, EDX, and VSM were applied. The catalyst was found to be excellent efficient to remove dibenzothiophene (DBT) by using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. The main operational parameters including dosage of the catalyst, temperature, and molar ratio of H2O2 and DBT in the reaction medium were assessed in the process, and the optimal reaction conditions were determined. a sulfur removal was achieved up to 99.53% under optimal reaction conditions. The catalyst was easily recoverable from the reaction medium by applying a magnet. The reusability of the catalyst was also tested by magnetic separation of the catalyst and reusing in the process. The suitable mechanism was also proposed for oxidative desulfurization of DBT using FS/PMo as the catalyst. To support experimental studies, Monte Carlo simulations combined with simulated annealing were applied to design FS/PMo nanocomposite for adsorption of DBT to form DBTO in the presence of H2O2 under the oxidative desulfurization.
A novel approach utilizing spirocyclic thiopyrimidinone compounds against herpes simplex virus with underlying antiviral mechanisms of action
Authors: Manie Esraa A. , Elzayat Emad M. , Ragab Sherif S. , Sweed Ayman M. , Ibrahim Hosny , Nasser Sherif , Allayeh Abdou K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In recent decades, viral outbreaks have significantly threatened global health, with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) being one of the most prevalent infections. This study evaluated novel spiropyrimidine derivatives as potential antiviral agents against HSV-2, building on previous research that examined spirocyclic thiopyrimidinone derivatives against human coronavirus 229E (hCoV-229E). Among the eleven synthesized compounds, spiropyrimidinone derivative 3 demonstrated promising antiviral activity, with a selectivity index of 11.2. The drug mechanism of infection studies indicated that compound 3 primarily inhibits HSV-2 at the viral adsorption stage, achieving approximately 83% inhibition and reducing viral multiplication by 34%. Its efficacy is linked to its diketone moiety, which is known for its ability to enhance antiviral effects. Furthermore, the effect of compound 3 on viral inhibition is reflected in the level of caspase-3 protein expression, revealing that the apoptotic pathway is modulated. Docking studies revealed multiple interactions with herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), indicating its potential as an entry inhibitor. These findings confirm that compound 3 could be a potential candidate for further development in HSV-2 antiviral therapy.
The slow delayed rectifier K+ current is differently regulated under baseline conditions and following β-adrenergic stimulation in canine ventricular cardiomyocytes
Authors: Horváth Balázs , Kovács Zsigmond , Dienes Csaba , Óvári József , Szentandrássy Norbert , Magyar János , Bányász Tamás , Nánási Péter P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In conclusion, many different signaling pathways are involved in regulating IKs. Under baseline conditions the regulation is strongly [Ca2+]i-dependent, with PKA and CaM-CaMKII involved, whereas during ß-adrenergic stimulation it is [Ca2+]i-independent and supposes a pivotal role of EPAC-mediated activation of CaMKII.
Sympathetic activation robustly increases the slow delayed rectifier K+ current (IKs) in the mammalian ventricular myocardium, however, exact downstream pathways involved in the β-adrenergic regulation of the current are not fully elucidated yet.
This study examined the Ca2+ sensitivity of IKs and the contribution of the protein kinase A (PKA) and the calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) pathways in regulating IKs in isolated canine ventricular myocytes. Experiments were carried out under ß-adrenergic receptor activation (10 nM isoproterenol) and under baseline conditions (without isoproterenol). IKs was measured as an HMR-1556 sensitive current with the action potential voltage clamp technique under the physiological intracellular calcium homeostasis of the cells.
Reducing intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) with 1 µM nisoldipine decreased the peak and mid-plateau densities of IKs, reduced the current integral, and increased the time-to-peak value. In contrast, ß-adrenergic receptor activation by isoproterenol resulted in larger IKs densities and integral, and shorter time-to-peak value. These effects of isoproterenol on IKs were significantly smaller when the CaMKII inhibitor 1 µM KN-93 was present in the cells, but the PKA inhibitor 3 µM H-89 did not exert such effect. Importantly, all effects of isoproterenol on IKs have fully developed even in the presence of 1 µM nisoldipine.
Under baseline conditions the mid-plateau density of IKs, was significantly smaller in the presence of KN-93, H-89 or nisoldipine, while peak IKs density and the current integral were significantly smaller only in nisoldipine.
Characterisation of High Performance Polymer Parts Produced by Low Pressure Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Jonckers Declan , Gundlach Christian , Hartwig Sven , Thakur Aditya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Additive Manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, using high temperature thermoplastics has been proposed for the production of structures in space. To determine whether this is feasible a systematic study investigating the impact of the space environment on the AM process must be conducted. Existing investigations have focussed on AM in microgravity and AM of either low temperature thermoplastics or individual high temperature thermoplastics at low pressure. This study examines the mechanical characteristics of high temperature, space compatible thermoplastic parts produced by AM in a low pressure environments. Four different thermoplastic filaments were investigated - poly ether ether ketone (PEEK), poly ether ketone ketone (PEKK), and two types of polyetherimide (PEI) (ULTEM 9085 and ULTEM 1010). Their mechanical performance, internal structures and crystallinity were compared to those manufactured under atmospheric conditions. It was observed that the low pressure enabled the manufacture of ULTEM 1010 specimens, which could not be achieved in ambient atmosphere. The low pressure additionally improved the inter-layer adhesion of PEEK and ULTEM 9085 specimens. PEEK, PEKK and ULTEM 1010 specimens exhibited bubbling when printed under low pressure conditions, most noticeable in the compression and H-90° samples, resulting in worse mechanical properties than samples manufactured in atmosphere. The mechanical performance of bending and H-0° specimens remained consistent irrespective of the printing environment, this was thought to be due to conduction to the print bed being the dominant form of heat transfer, resulting in similar thermal histories.
Development of nano CaO2-loaded lignin nanoparticles for simultaneous phosphorus, nitrogen, and COD elimination from water
Authors: Zhu Jianchao , Wang Yin , Gao Rui , Tan Siyu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The excessive existence of N, P, and COD in surface water may well promote eutrophication. Therefore, the development of methodologies capable of removing the excess amount of these nutrients from water sources is of significant importance. This study introduces a novel hybrid adsorbent that integrates nano CaO2 with lignin nanoparticles, combining the oxidative properties of CaO2 with the abundant and cost-effective lignin to achieve efficient simultaneous N, P, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. Hence, this study presents the development of a hybrid adsorbent composed of nano CaO2 and lignin nanoparticles for simultaneous N, P, and COD removal from water environments. The developed nanocomposite was capable of removing phosphorus over a broad pH range and the optimal performance was obtained at neutral pH. The nanocomposite showed fast elimination kinetics of around 64 min. The findings obtained from the treatment of a real sewage water sample showed that the CaO2@lignin could remove 94.62% (=6.09 mg/g), 96.35% (=35.13 mg/g), and 73.09% (=352.54 mg/g) of -P, -N, and COD, respectively. Current research reveals the multifunctional nature of the CaO2@lignin nanocomposite, which exhibits broad pH tolerance, high removal efficiencies, and rapid elimination kinetics without the need for external energy inputs or complex equipment.
Indonesian Tooth Loss Predictor in Middle-aged and Elderly Populations based on Sociodemographic Factors and Systemic Disease: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Susilawati Sri , Wahyudi Kurnia , Jovina Tince , Amaliya Amaliya , Putri Fidya Meditia , Suwargiani Anne Agustina 
Published: February 2025

Background
Predictors of tooth loss in Indonesians have not been identified. This prediction is very useful for tooth loss prevention in middle-aged and elderly.

Objective
The study aimed to predict tooth loss in the middle-aged and elderly populations based on sociodemographic and systemic disease.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of secondary data from the National Basic Health Research was conducted on a sample of 16,973 respondents following the inclusion criteria. Sociodemographic and systemic diseases as independent variables and tooth loss as a dependent variable were assessed. Data were analyzed using a logistic regression model.

Results
Respondents with at least one missing tooth were 20.6%. Among them, 55.6% were females, and 68.1% belonged to the pre-elderly age group (49.0% lived in urban areas and 51.0% lived in rural areas). Only 30.5% had tertiary education, and 61.2% held a formal job. History of systemic diseases like diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, stroke, and cancer were found to be in 5.4%, 3.7%, 17.3%, 2.3%, and 0.4% of respondents. The predictive value of tooth loss was 0.976, and the range was > 0.5. In this study, the predictive value of the respondents' tooth loss was 1.

Conclusion
Indonesian tooth loss predictor value in middle-aged and elderly populations based on sociodemographic and systemic disease was found to be 1. This value indicates a risk of tooth loss. The predictive factor influencing tooth loss of 80.2% can be predicted based on age, occupation, and history of diabetes mellitus and heart disease. Tooth loss can be predicted if the sample is in the elderly group who are still working and have a history of diabetes and heart disease.
Multimodal Skin Cancer Prediction: Integrating Dermoscopic Images and Clinical Metadata with Transfer Learning
Authors: Panneerselvam Ramya , Balasubramaniam Sathiyabhama , Sureshkumar Vidhushavarshini , Ravi Vinayakumar , Maidin Siti Sarah 
Published: February 2025

Background
Skin cancers exist as the most pervasive cancers in the world; to increase the survival rates, early prediction has become more predominant. Many conventional techniques frequently depend on visual review of clinical information and dermoscopic illustrations. In recent technological developments, the enthralling algorithms of combining modalities are used for increasing diagnosis accuracy in deep learning.

Methods
Our research proposes a multi-faceted approach for the prediction of skin cancer that incorporates clinical metadata with dermoscopic visuals. The pre-trained convolutional neural networks, like EfficientNetB3, were used for dermoscopic images along with transfer learning techniques to excavate some of the visual attributes in this study. Moreover, TabNet was used for processing the clinical metadata, including age, gender, and medical history. The features obtained from both fusion techniques were integrated to enhance the prediction accuracy. The benchmark datasets, like ISIC 2018, ISIC 2019, and HAM10000, were used to assess the model.

Results
The proposed multi-faceted system achieved 98.69% accuracy in the classification of skin cancer, surpassing the model that used dermoscopic snapshots with clinical data. The convergence of images with clinical metadata has substantially enhanced prediction resilience, demonstrating the importance of multimodal deep learning in skin lesion diagnosis.

Conclusion
This research focused mainly on the efficiency of integrating dermoscopic visuals and clinical information using transfer learning for skin cancer prediction. The proposed system offers a promising tool for improving diagnostic accuracy, and further research could explore its application in other medical fields requiring multimodal data integration.
Agreement Between Provider-Completed and Patient-Completed Preoperative Frailty Screening Using the Clinical Risk Analysis Index: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study
Authors: Khalighi Mehraneh , Thomas Amy C , Brown Karl J , Ritchey Katherine C 
Published: February 2025

Background
Frailty is associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Preoperative screening and management of persons with frailty improves postoperative outcomes. The Clinical Risk Analysis Index (RAI-C) is a validated provider-based screening tool for assessing frailty in presurgical populations. Patient self-screening for frailty may provide an alternative to provider-based screening if resources are limited; however, the agreement between these 2 methods has not been previously explored.

Objective
The objective of our study was to examine provider-completed versus patient-completed RAI-C assessments to identify areas of disagreement between the 2 methods and inform best practices for RAI-C screening implementation.

Methods
Orthopedic physicians and physician assistants completed the RAI-C assessment on veterans aged 65 years and older undergoing elective total joint arthroplasty (eg, total hip or knee arthroplasty) and documented scores into the electronic health record during their preoperative clinic evaluation. Participants were then mailed the same RAI-C form after preoperative evaluation and returned responses to study coordinators. Agreement between provider-completed and patient-completed RAI-C assessments and differences within individual domains were compared.

Results
A total of 49 participants aged 65 years and older presenting for total joint arthroplasty underwent RAI-C assessment between November 2022 and August 2023. In total, 41% (20/49) of participants completed and returned an independent postvisit RAI-C assessment before surgery and within 180 days of their initial evaluation. There was a moderate but statistically significant correlation between provider-completed and patient-completed RAI-C assessments (r=0.62; 95% CI 0.25-0.83; P=.003). Provider-completed and patient-completed RAI-C assessments resulted in the same frailty classification in 60% (12/20) of participants, but 40% (8/20) of participants were reclassified to a more frail category based on patient-completed assessment. Agreement was the lowest between provider-completed and patient-completed screening questions regarding memory and activities of daily living.

Conclusions
RAI-C had moderate agreement when completed by providers versus the participants themselves, with more than a third of patient-completed screens resulting in a higher frailty classification. Future studies will need to explore the differences between and accuracy of RAI-C screening approaches to inform best practices for preoperative RAI-C assessment implementation.
Protocol of the study for Setting up of a system for “Medical Certification of Cause of Death” for non-institutional deaths in a selected area of a Taluk of Kolar district, Karnataka, India: feasibility and validity (Preprint)
Authors: Muralidhar Madhusudan , Rangamani Sukanya , Kulothungan Vaitheeswaran , Das Priyanka , Vishwakarma Monesh B 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

The current coverage of Medical Certification of Cause of Death in India is only 22.5%. This is largely attributed to significant proportion of deaths occurring outside the hospital (non-institutional deaths). The cause of death in such cases is unlikely to be certified by any doctor. The present study attempts to address this gap by developing a system to provide MCCD for non-institutional deaths in the country. This is first of the kind study attempting to address the gap of coverage as well as reliability of MCCD for non-institutional deaths.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the feasibility of “Physician derived Cause of death” approach for deducing “cause of death” in “non-institutional deaths” in a selected area of Kolar Taluk, Karnataka and to validate this approach

METHODS

Doctors of selected major hospitals in Kolar taluk and PHC medical officers and private practitioners of 2 selected PHC areas of the taluk would be trained in arriving at “Cause of Death” in “non-institutional deaths” using the “PhyCoD” tool. The “cause of death” deduced by this approach would be validated against the ‘gold standard’ autopsy wherever possible. The approach will also be tested for “inter-rater reliability”.

Expected outcome:
a)	Development of a tool for physicians for deducing “Cause of Death” in “non-institutional deaths”
b)	Increased coverage of MCCD for “non-institutional deaths”
c)	Improved accuracy in the reporting of “cause of death” for “non-institutional deaths”
d)	Reduced delay in the reporting of “cause of death” for “non-institutional deaths”

RESULTS

Preparation of tools questionnaires and Pilot Phase data collection have been completed

CONCLUSIONS

Expected outcomes of the project are:-
a)	Development of a tool for physicians for deducing Cause of Death in non-institutional deaths
b)	Increased coverage of non-institutional deaths under MCCD
c)	Improved accuracy of the cause of death reporting for non-institutional deaths
d)	Reduced delay of the cause of death reporting for non-institutional deaths

CLINICALTRIAL

NA
Qualitative Disclosure as a Tax Enforcement Mechanism: Evidence from the U.K. Tax Strategy Disclosure Requirement
Authors: Xia Junwei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
In 2016, the U.K. passed a regulation that requires large businesses to publicly disclose their tax strategy. The U.K. regulator expects these qualitative disclosures to attract public scrutiny of firms’ tax practices, thereby pressuring firms to reduce tax avoidance. This study examines whether the U.K. tax strategy disclosure requirement has achieved this objective. Using a difference-in-differences design and a sample of U.K. publicly traded firms, I find evidence that is most compatible with the regulation not having a significant impact on firms’ tax avoidance. Inferences are similar when I focus on subsamples that are most likely to exhibit the intended behavioral changes using a series of cross-sectional tests within treated firms. Thus, the collective evidence is largely inconsistent with the regulation successfully curbing tax avoidance, which should inform regulators worldwide as they consider implementing similar disclosure regulations to combat corporate tax avoidance.
Data Availability: Data in this study are obtained from public sources as identified in the paper.
JEL Classifications: H20; H26; M41.
A Critical and Progressive Review on Maternal and Child Health Policies in India
Authors: Kumari Prity , Chaudhary Anand Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Background: Mothers' survival and well-being are crucial for addressing major economic, societal, and child development issues. They are also significant in and of themselves. The current mother and child health situation in India is a complex topic with both hurdles and improvement. The Government of India has the foresight to reduce maternal mortality with the help of different programmes and healthcare facilities being introduced and cautiously implemented.
Objective: The author summarised the literature on maternal and child health programmes, investing in their impact, especially the programmes initiated through national health missions and analysed the programmes.
Result: This paper discussed the programmes and their current scenario with their benefits and problems. Some programmes are near to achieving their objectives such as Jannani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), and Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram (JSSK) but not at their full potential there is still some laguna in these programmes. In this direction reviewed research papers highlighted the problems in the implementation and utilisation of the programmes and suggested further steps that should be taken to fully utilise these programmes and improve maternal and child health.
Conclusion: Maternal deaths can be reduced if proper healthcare treatments are used to prevent or break the chains of problems. Although India outperformed the global average in terms of maternal mortality reduction between 1990 and 2016, we still have a long way to go to catch up with large economies such as Brazil (44), China (27) and Japan (5).