bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten polymorphic microsatellites from freshwater pearl mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii
Authors: LI JIALE , WANG GUILING , BAI ZHIYI , YUE GENERAL HUA 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFreshwater pearl mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii, is the most economically important mussel species in China. Due to overexploitation and changes of water quality, H. cumingii is facing serious population decline and local extinction. We have isolated and characterized 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci from a genomic DNA library enriched for CA and AG repeats with the aim of developing a set of codominant DNA markers for analysing genetic diversity and population structure of this species. The average allele number of the 10 markers was 7.8 per locus, ranging from two to 16 in 24 unrelated individuals. Nine of 10 markers conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and inherited independently, suggesting these microsatellites could be useful for studying population genetics, designing conservation strategies and developing breeding programs.
Isolation and identification of eight microsatellite loci in the Cherokee darter (Etheostoma scotti) and their variability in other members of the genera Etheostoma, Ammocrypta, and Percina
Authors: GABEL JENNIFER M. , DAKIN ELIZABETH E. , FREEMAN BYRON J. , PORTER BRADY A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe Cherokee darter Etheostoma scotti is a federally threatened fish endemic to the Etowah River system of northwest Georgia. In order to analyse the population structure and genetic diversity of this fish, eight tetranucleotide microsatellite genetic markers were developed. The marker set was applied to 13 additional darter species to test cross‐species amplification and polymorphism. Successful amplification was obtained for all eight loci in each of the 13 other species of darters, with between seven and eight polymorphic loci per species.
Motor Cortical Excitability in Patients with Poststroke Epilepsy
Authors: Kim Jee Hyun , Lee Hyang Woon , Cohen Leonardo G. , Park Kee‐Duk , Choi Kyoung‐Gyu 
Published: August 2007

Summary
Purpose: To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying poststroke epilepsy (PSE), we evaluated motor cortical function in chronic stroke patients with (N = 18) and without (N = 18) PSE.
Methods: We measured resting motor threshold (RMT), motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes, cortical silent period (CSP), intracortical inhibition (ICI), influenced by GABAergic neurotransmission, and intracortical facilitation (ICF), influenced by glutamatergic activity, to transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Results: We found (1) larger MEP amplitudes and ICF, in the affected than unaffected hemispheres of patients in the PSE group but not in patients without epilepsy, and (2) comparably higher RMT and longer CSP in the absence of differences in ICI, H‐reflexes or F‐waves in the affected and unaffected hemispheres of both PSE and non‐PSE patients.
Conclusions: Enhanced cortical excitability in the affected hemisphere, possibly related to increased glutamatergic activity, could be one of the mechanisms contributing to the development of poststroke epilepsy.
Efficacy of Periosteal Stimulation Therapy for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis‐Associated Chronic Knee Pain: An Initial Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Weiner Debra K. , Rudy Thomas E. , Morone Natalia , Glick Ronald , Kwoh C. Kent 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVES: To examine the efficacy of periosteal stimulation therapy (PST, osteopuncture) for the treatment of chronic pain associated with advanced knee osteoarthritis.DESIGN: Randomized, controlled clinical trial.SETTING: Outpatient pain clinic.PARTICIPANTS: Eighty‐eight community‐dwelling older adults with moderate knee pain or greater for 3 months or longer and Kellgren‐Lawrence (K‐L) grade 2 through 4 radiographic severity (80% had K‐L 4).INTERVENTION: Participants were randomized to receive PST or control PST once a week for 6 weeks.MEASUREMENTS: Pain severity and self‐reported function (Western Ontario and McMasters University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)) and physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)) were assessed at baseline, after the last PST session (post), and 3 months later (follow‐up). Pain severity was also assessed monthly using the multidimensional pain inventory short form.RESULTS: Pain was reduced significantly more in the PST group than in the control PST group at post (P=.003; mean WOMAC pain subscale baseline 9.4 vs 6.4) and 1 month later (P<.001), but by 2 months, pain levels had regressed to pre‐intervention levels. The group‐by‐time interaction for the WOMAC function scale was significant at post (P=.04) but not at follow‐up (P=.63). No significant group differences were found for the SPPB. Neither analgesic use nor global improvement differed between groups. There were four treatment dropouts.CONCLUSION: PST affords short‐term modest pain reduction for older adults with advanced knee OA. Future research should test the effectiveness of booster treatments in sustaining analgesic benefits and of combining PST with therapeutic exercise in ameliorating disability risk.
Effectiveness of Education and Individualized Counseling in Reducing Environmental Hazards in the Homes of Community‐Dwelling Older Women
Authors: Wyman Jean F. , Croghan Catherine F. , Nachreiner Nancy M. , Gross Cynthia R. , Stock Holly Hatch , Talley Kristine , Monigold Melinda 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVES: To test the effectiveness of an education and counseling intervention on reducing environmental hazards in the homes of older women.DESIGN: Secondary analysis from a randomized, controlled trial with two arms: fall prevention program and health education program (control). Environmental hazards were assessed at baseline and immediately posttreatment (12‐weeks).SETTING: Participants' homes.PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred seventy‐two community‐dwelling women aged 70 and older at risk for falling.INTERVENTION: The fall prevention program involved a comprehensive fall risk evaluation, exercise, education, individualized counseling, and referrals. The health education program included topics unrelated to fall prevention. With the exception of the fall risk evaluation conducted by a nurse practitioner, baccalaureate‐prepared nurses carried out the interventions.MEASUREMENTS: Summed and individual scores for hazards related to the bathroom, floor surfaces, lighting, furniture, stairways, and storage areas.RESULTS: Environmental hazards were found in all homes, with a baseline mean±standard deviation of 10.7±2.6 total hazards and range of four to 17 hazards. Analysis of within‐group changes indicated that the fall prevention group had significantly fewer bathroom, lighting, and total hazards after the intervention, whereas the health education group had significantly fewer bathroom hazards but more floor hazards. At follow‐up, the fall prevention group had significantly fewer lighting hazards and total hazards than the health education group.CONCLUSION: Education and counseling have only modest effects in helping older women make recommended home modifications. To be most effective in reducing environmental hazards, fall prevention programs may need to provide and install safety devices.
Thermoforming Process for Fabricating Oral Appliances: Influence of Heating and Pressure Application Timing on Formability
Authors: Yamada Junko , Maeda Yoshinobu 
Published: August 2007

Objectives:
This study was designed to examine the influence of heating and pressure application timing for thermoplastic soft materials on formability during the thermoforming process.
Methods:
Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and a high shock‐absorbing material (Hybrar) were used. Five specimens (20 × 10 × 4 mm) were heated to temperatures of 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, and 200°C and then placed under a 4 N static weight with an indentation tip. The forming capability index (FI) was evaluated by rating the shape, size, and surface texture changes of the indentation tip reproduction in specimens using specially developed scales. The suitable temperature range for forming (STF) was determined by FI. Heat‐holding capability of the two materials was also evaluated by the temperature changes in the cooling process using a digital thermometer. Timing of air pressure application was examined with the time‐dependent change in negative pressure among three types of forming machines.
Results:
STF of the EVA (80–120°C) was lower than that for Hybrar (140–160°C). The time required to reach the lower limit of the STF was statistically different between the two materials (EVA: 41 seconds, Hybrar: 13 seconds) (p < 0.05). The maximum negative pressure (MNP) of the three forming machines ranged from −12 to –60 cmHg and time to reach the temperature, 5–60 seconds.
Conclusions:
The results suggest that heating conditions for each type of sheet material should be predetermined by the STF. Forming process should be performed with the high MNP before reaching the lower limit of the STF.
Occlusal Changes Following Posterior Tooth Loss in Adults. Part 2. Clinical Parameters Associated with Movement of Teeth Adjacent to the Site of Posterior Tooth Loss
Authors: Craddock Helen L. , Youngson Callum C. , Manogue Michael , Blance Andrew 
Published: August 2007

Purpose:
Much anecdotal evidence is available on tooth positional changes following loss of an adjacent tooth, but only a few studies are available. In Part 1 of this series, supraeruption was assessed and Generalized Linear Models were made to determine the clinical parameters associated with the supraeruptive process. The models demonstrated that clinical parameters were not only associated with the extent of supraeruption, but also with the type of eruption present. This investigation of tooth positional changes adjacent to sites of posterior tooth loss attempts to provide increased understanding of the magnitude, direction, and associated features that may be helpful in decision making and treatment planning in the clinical setting.
Materials and Methods:
One hundred patients with an unopposed posterior tooth, with 100 age, sex, and bone level matched controls, were drawn from patients undergoing routine restorative care at Leeds Dental Institute. Study models were scanned, and the extent of eruption, type of eruption of the unopposed tooth, the overbite, overjet, buccal occlusion, and degree of crowding in the dentition, tipping, rotation, and buccal movement of the teeth associated with the edentulous site were recorded. Generalized Linear Models were developed to examine associations between each tooth movement and patient or dental factors.
Results:
A statistical significance in the degree of tipping of teeth both mesial and distal to the extraction site was detected between the subject and control groups. There was also a significant difference in rotation of the tooth mesial to the site. Four Generalized Linear Models were produced of the types of non‐vertical movements found in teeth associated with sites of tooth loss.
Conclusions:
Teeth adjacent to the site of tooth loss may undergo non‐vertical movements. Teeth mesial to the extraction site had a tendency to tip distally. The degree of tipping was increased in upper teeth and in subjects with a cusp‐to‐cusp buccal occlusion. Rotation of teeth mesial to the extraction site was more prevalent in the lower arch. Tipping of the tooth distal to the extraction site could be extreme and was found to be more prevalent in subjects with a reduced (Code 1) overbite and in the lower arch. Rotation of teeth distal to the extraction site was greater in the upper arch and was also associated with a reduced (Code 1) overbite. It also had an association with rotation of the tooth mesial to the extraction site. Models of non‐vertical movement are likely to be of limited value due to overdispersion, indicating a high degree of variability within the model.
Evaluation of Dental Students as Instructors in Preclinical Prosthodontics and Occlusion Courses
Authors: Nimmo Arthur , Mitchell Gail S. , Penfield Randall D. , Hall Alana 
Published: August 2007

Purpose:
While facing a shortage of faculty members, dental schools need to be innovative in their educational methodologies. One approach to augment student learning would be to mentor dental students as participating faculty in current courses. A study was undertaken to evaluate dental students as instructors in preclinical prosthodontics and occlusion courses.
Materials and Methods:
In spring term 2003, three senior dental students (4DN) and four full‐time faculty were assigned as faculty for each of two preclinical courses: fixed prosthodontics and complete denture prosthodontics. In the summer term 2003, two junior dental students (3DN) and five full‐time faculty were assigned to teach in the occlusion preclinical course. Each course had previously been conducted with a total of seven full‐time faculty. Three types of outcome assessment were accomplished: (1) evaluation by the 2DN students of full‐time faculty and student instructors at the end of the course using a standardized university scale of 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent); (2) a survey of student instructors about their experience; and (3) a course debriefing with selected 2DN students.
Results:
The overall mean instructor‐quality score assigned to the student instructors, 4.5 (SD, 0.7), was slightly higher than that of faculty instructors, 4.2 (SD, 0.9). Student instructors were rated higher than or equal to full‐time faculty based on the mean response scores for all ten evaluation questions. The greatest difference between faculty and student ratings was in the category of “respect and concern for the students” in all courses. In addition, information gathered from eight student instructors indicated that the experience was a very positive one overall with an increased interest in an academic career noted. Comments from the 2DN students in the debriefing sessions were positive about having student instructors.
Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that from the perspective of second year dental students, senior and junior dental students were accepted as preclinical instructors in prosthodontics and occlusion preclinical courses. Additionally, senior and junior students who participated in student teaching had a positive experience. The use of dental students as preclinical faculty in prosthodontics and occlusion appears to be a viable approach for mentoring students in careers in academics, providing student instructors with higher learning experiences, and supplementing the efforts of full‐time faculty.
Expression of cell‐surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans in human cyclosporin‐induced gingival overgrowth
Authors: Gnoatto N. , Lotufo R. F. M. , Matsuda M. , Penna V. , Marquezini M. V. 
Published: August 2007

Background and Objective:  Cyclosporin A‐induced gingival overgrowth comprises a variety of signaling pathways (including growth factors and proteoglycans) that are still not completely understood. In the present study, gingival overgrowth was investigated in transplant patients receiving cyclosporin A (cyclosporin A group) and compared with gingival tissues never exposed to the drug (control group) by analyzing the gene expression of the cell‐surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans syndecan‐2, syndecan‐4 and betaglycan.Material and Methods:  mRNA analysis was carried out by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction amplification of pooled samples from nine patients of the cyclosporin A group and six control subjects. The groups were compared by the Student's t‐test.Results:  The expression of heparan sulfate proteoglycans was increased in the cyclosporin A group (165% for syndecan‐2, 308% for syndecan‐4, and 42% for betaglycan) compared with the control group.Conclusion:  Our findings agree with the current concept of cyclosporin A‐induced gingival overgrowth and provide new evidence that its noncollagenous extracellular matrix is overexpressed.
The levels of volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air from patients with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Tsai C‐C. , Chou H‐H. , Wu T‐L. , Yang Y‐H. , Ho K‐Y. , Wu Y‐M. , Ho Y‐P. 
Published: August 2007

Background and Objective:  Volatile sulfur compounds may be the main source of oral malodor. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between periodontal parameters and volatile sulfur compounds and to evaluate the improvement of several halitosis‐related outcomes by tongue scraping, nonsurgical periodontal treatment (including oral hygiene instruction) and oral hygiene instruction/chlorhexidine + cetyl pyridinium gargling.Material and Methods:  Seventy‐two chronic periodontitis patients with heavy tongue coating were assessed for oral malodor and periodontal status. Oral malodor was evaluated by measuring the levels of volatile sulfur compounds using OralChroma™ and the organoleptic test score. Thirty participants were selected for the subsequent experiments: tongue scraping; nonsurgical periodontal treatment; and oral hygiene instruction/chlorhexidine + cetyl pyridinium gargling. Twenty‐five participants completed all experimental stages.Results:  Significant correlations were observed between the organoleptic test score and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methyl mercapton (CH3SH), tongue coating score and volatile sulfur compounds, which was also significantly correlated with bleeding on probing percentage and tongue coating score. Tongue scraping significantly reduced the levels of volatile sulfur compounds. Further reduction of volatile sulfur compounds after nonsurgical periodontal treatment and oral hygiene instruction/chlorhexidine + cetyl pyridinium gargling were noted compared with baseline.Conclusion:  Volatile sulfur compounds, with H2S and CH3SH as the main components, in mouth air are the prominent elements of malodor. Volatile sulfur compounds were decreased by more than 50% after tongue scraping. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment and oral hygiene instruction/chlorhexidine + cetyl pyridinium gargling maintained a significantly lower level of malodor compared with baseline.
Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor acts as an effective inhibitor of cysteine proteinases gingipains from Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Bania J. , Kubiak A. , Wojtachnio K. , Polanowski A. 
Published: August 2007

Background and Objective:  Porphyromonas gingivalis has been implicated as the major pathogen of periodontitis in adults. This organism produces an array of virulence factors, of which cysteine proteinases, referred to as gingipains K and R, are believed to play a crucial role in pathogenicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of gingipains K and R to inhibition by a pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor.Material and Methods:  Enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically using chromogenic turnover substrates. To estimate the value of the association constant (Ka), constant amounts of enzyme were reacted with increasing amounts of inhibitor to reach equilibrium. The Ka was calculated by fitting the experimental data to the given equation.Results:  In this study it was shown that gingipains are susceptible to pancreatic Kazal‐type trypsin inhibitors (pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitors). Bovine pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, having an Arg residue at the P1 position of the reactive site, specifically inhibited the activity of the Arg‐specific cysteine proteinase gingipain R, whereas porcine inhibitor, possessing a Lys residue at the P1 position, exhibited activity only against the Lys‐specific cysteine proteinase gingipain K. The Ka values for the inhibitor–proteinase interaction were 1.6 × 106 m−1 and 2.0 × 104 m−1 for gingipain R and gingipain K, respectively.Conclusion:  This finding is the first demonstration of the inhibitory potency of the Kazal‐type specific trypsin inhibitors against cysteine proteinases. These discoveries open new possibilities for the use of naturally occurring inhibitors, displaying activity across enzyme families, as a model in designing new molecules of therapeutic significance.
A Pilot Survey of Sexual Functioning and Preferences in a Sample of English-Speaking Adults from a Small South Indian Town
Authors: Kar Nilamadhab , Koola Maju Mathew 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There is a dearth of recent information on sexual functioning and preferences from an Indian population.

Aim
To study sexual functioning and preferences in a sample of English-speaking adults in a small town in South India.

Method
Responses were obtained through a postal questionnaire method and were analyzed. Study document included an explanation of the study, sociodemographic details, a sexual functioning questionnaire, a semistructured sexual preference questionnaire, and meanings of terms used in the questionnaires.

Main Outcome Measure
Frequency of various sexual functions, difficulties, and preferences over a period of 1 month.

Results
Sixty-one subjects out of 200 English-speaking persons from a south Indian town returned the questionnaire. Common sexual difficulties included decreased interest in sex (16.4%), arousal difficulties (21.3%), orgasmic difficulties in females (28.6%), and premature ejaculation in males (15.2%). Masturbation was considered wrong by 18% of respondents; with almost 40% of females and 6% of males reported to have never masturbated. There were many differences in the sexual functioning of married compared to unmarried persons and other sociodemographic groups. Practice of various sexual preferences was reported: voyeurism (41.0%), fetishism (18.0%), frotteurism (11.5%), homosexuality (11.5%), telephone scatology (9.8%), and incest (8.2%) being more common. In a small minority, telephone scatology (3.3%), voyeurism (1.6%), and fetishism (1.6%) were reported to be the only method of sexual gratification.

Conclusions
Sexual difficulties were similar to other reports in different cultures. Varieties of preferences were practiced, and there were variations among different sociodemographic groups.
Correlation Between Sexual Function and Postrenal Transplant Quality of Life: Does Gender Matter?
Authors: Tavallaii Seyed Abbas , Fathi-Ashtiani Ali , Nasiri Mahmoud , Assari Shervin , Maleki Pouria , Einollahi Behzad 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Subjective health perceptions affect sexual function differently in males and females; such differences, however, have not hitherto been studied comprehensively in kidney-transplant recipients.

Aim
This study sought to investigate gender effect on the correlation between sexual function and quality-of-life (QOL) subdomains in kidney-transplant recipients by evaluating intercourse frequency (IF) and intercourse satisfaction (IS).

Methods
In a cross-sectional study, 124 married kidney-transplant recipients, who were randomly selected, were interviewed. The bivariate correlations between QOL subdomains, and IF and IS were analyzed with the Pearson test in the males and females, separately.

Main Outcome Measure
The IF and IS using the relationship and sexuality scale, and also the QOL using Short Form 36 (SF-36) were assessed.

Results
Sixty-seven subjects (54%) reported having no intercourse within the preceding months. Fifty subjects (40%) reported having no intercourse satisfaction. While IF and IS correlated with the total SF-36 score in the males (r =0.252 and 0.263, P &lt;0.05), there was no such correlation in the females. In the males, IS correlated with physical health (r =0.281, P &lt;0.05) and physical function (r =0.274, P &lt;0.05), and there was a correlation between IF and role limitation due to emotional problems (r =0.250, P &lt;0.05). In the females, whereas IF correlated with general health (r =0.372, P &lt;0.05) and mental health (r =0.305, P &lt;0.05), there was no correlation between IS and QOL subdomains (P  &gt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Sexual function and satisfaction seem to be correlated with mental and physical health in female and male kidney-transplant recipients, respectively. Although in the two genders, both physical and mental health should be equally evaluated; improving of the sexual function may be better achieved through different approaches.