bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroepidemiological studies of human papilloma virus (HPV‐1) infections
Authors: Pfister Herbert , Hausen Harald Zur 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAt least two groups of human papilloma viruses can be distinguished serologically: on the one hand HPV 1‐3, which are closely related but differ in the restriction enzyme pattern of their DNA, and on the other hand HPV‐4. The age distributions of patients with warts induced by HPV 1‐3 or by HPV‐4, respectively, differ markedly. HPV 1‐3 predominates between 5 and 15 years of age, whereas HPV‐4 could be isolated more often between the ages of 20‐25 years. The large number of HPV‐1‐3‐induced warts in children is paralleled by a high percentage of HPV‐1 antibody‐positive sera in the same age group (about 50%). With increasing age the percentage of HPV‐1 antibody‐positive sera declines gradually. This pattern of seroreactivity was compared to that of patients with various papillomas and with several malignant tumors. There is no evidence to suggest a link between HPV 1‐3 and condylomata acuminata, laryngeal papillomas or any of the malignant tumors tested.
Immune response of the draining and distal lymph nodes during the progressive growth of a chemically‐induced transplantable rat hepatoma
Authors: Jones Jean A. , Robinson G. , Rees R. C. , Baldwin R. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe immunological and histological changes occurring in the lymph node draining the site of a progressively growing intramuscular tumour (D192A) implant were monitored during a 4‐week time course. Cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against hepatoma‐D192A and 15‐day rat embryo cell targets, was detected with cells derived from the draining “lumbar” lymph node 4 days after tumour implantation and persisted up to the 2nd week of tumour growth, decreasing rapidly during the 3rd week. The observed lymph‐node anergy demonstrated in cytotoxicity tests correlated with the histological findings, in that an initial marked paracortical (T‐dependent) response also declined towards the end of the 3rd week of tumour growth. The B‐dependent cortex showed active lymphocyte follicles in the 2nd week of the time course, and plasma‐cell production continued until the experiment was terminated These changes were shown to occur with the progressive increase in lymph‐node mass. Serum antibody specific for the developing tumour was detected during the latter stages of tumour growth. The immunological and histological changes displayed by lymph nodes distal to tumour growth were out of phase with those shown by the draining lymph node.
Type‐C virus structural antigens on the surface of the infected cell as determined by a humoral cytotoxicity assay
Authors: Kende Meir , Sass Bernard , Hino Shigeo , Donahoe Robert M. , Kelloff Gary J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntisera prepared against the major structural polypeptides of Rauscher leukemia virus including gp70, p12, p30, p10 and p15 (E) were tested in a complement‐dependent cytotoxicity assay against cell lines infected with Rauscher murine leukemia virus and with the three known classes of endogenous murine leukemia viruses. gp70 antisera and p12 antisera were active in cytotoxicity showing predominantly type‐specificity to R‐MuLV3, but were shown to cross‐react in varying degrees to the three classes of endogenous type‐C virus(es). This type‐specific and group‐specific activity was confirmed by absorption experiments with both infected cells and concentrated intact and disrupted virus. Immunoprecipitation of highly purified, labelled proteins of the murine type‐C viruses with these antisera yielded a pattern of reactivity that correlated very well with those obtained by humoral cytotoxicity and, further, defined the polypeptide‐specific reactivities of these antisera. Cytotoxic activity obtained with p12 antisera was not well correlated with the intact virus content or the virus‐producing ability of different R‐MuLV shedding mouse cells whereas activity with gp70 antisera was. Cytotoxic activity was not observed with p10 or p30 antisera and virus‐specific cytotoxic activity was not observed with p15(E). Immunization of three strains of mice differing in their endogenous type‐C virus expression with inactivated, disrupted R‐MuLV yielded antisera active in radioimmuno‐assays to the homologous R‐MuLV proteins which were found to be immunologically active on the surface of the virus‐infected cell (gp70 and p12), as well as to the other type‐C viral proteins, p30, p15 and p10. The natural host's ability to respond immunologically to these viral proteins and the in vitro cytolysis of virus‐positive cells with antisera of this specific reactivity led to the conclusion that these viral proteins may play an important role as potential transplantation antigens in naturally occurring tumors.
B‐tropic oncornavirus production by BALB/c methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcoma cells
Authors: Gillespie G. Yancey , Jensen Fred C. , Russell Stephen W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix oncogenic cell lines were established from primary sarcomas that had been induced in thymec‐tomized, aged, BALB/cSt mice by the injection of 3‐methylcholanthrene. Of these lines, three produced B‐tropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV), i.e. MuLV that would patently infect fibroblasts of BALB/c origin but not those from NIH Swiss mice. One of these lines, M‐138, produced large quantities of virus, permitting the isolation of milligram quantities of B‐tropic MuLV. Neonatal BALB/c mice injected with the M‐138 MuLV developed high plasma levels of the species‐specific virion antigen p30, but during 9 months of observation failed to manifest clinical signs of leukemia. Plasma p30 levels of NIH Swiss mice (non‐permissive host) that were inoculated also as neonates with the same virus preparation, remained undetectable by radioimmunoassay. Xenotropic MuLV, i.e. that which infects cells of species other than the species of origin, was released by one of the three remaining cell lines. Two of the six original lines have remained free of detectable oncornavirus production. Our results suggest that cell lines that are stable sources of large quantities of B‐tropic MuLV may be easily obtainable by the described manipulations. Equally important, however, is the fact that these data re‐emphasize the danger that is inherent in assuming that a cell line is virus‐free simply because it was isolated from a chemical carcinogen‐induced neoplasm.
Movement of human mammary tumour cells in culture: Exclusion of fibroblasts by epithelial territories
Authors: Stoker M. G. P. , Piggott D. , Riddle P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTime‐lapse cinematography was used to investigate the movement of confronting populations of human mammary epithelium and stromal cells (fibroblasts). Epithelial cell islands from fibro‐adenomas and from normal lacteal secretions completely excluded the fibroblasts, and individual cell territories were maintained even in dense cultures. Electron microscopy of the boundary between epithelium and fibroblasts showed that the two cell types made contact. In contrast, epithelial islands from two carcinomas did not retain territorial integrity and allowed penetration of mammary fibroblasts. Confronting homologous epithelial islands from benign tumours merged, but this was shown to be due to interdigitation rather than free mixing of cells. Epithelial cells moved actively but unlike fibroblasts they retained their neighbour relationships.
Isolation of a human prostate carcinoma cell line (DU 145)
Authors: Stone Kenneth R. , Mickey Don D. , Wunderli Heidi , Mickey George H. , Paulson David F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA long‐term tissue culture cell line has been derived from a human prostate adenocarcinoma metastatic to the brain. The cell line, DU 145, has been passaged 90 times in vitro over a period of 2 years. The cells are epithelial, grow in isolated islands on plastic Petri dishes, and form colonies in soft agar suspension culture. Karyotypic analysis demonstrates an aneuploid human karyotype with a modal chromosome number of 64. Distinctive marker chromosomes (a translocation Y chromosome, metacentric minute chromosomes and three large acrocentic chromosomes) have been identified. Electron microscopy of the original tumor tissue and of the tissue culture cell line show a remarkable similarity in cell organelle structure.
Establishment of paired tumor cells and autologous virus‐transformed cell lines to define humoral immune responses in melanoma and sarcoma patients
Authors: Saxton R. E. , Irie R. F. , Ferrone S. , Pellegrino M. A. , Morton D. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts from 12 cancer patients were infected with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) or SV40 virus. The EBV‐trans‐formed lymphoblasts and SV40‐transformed fibro‐blasts were grown as continuous cell lines and expressed the same histocompatibility antigens as tumor cell lines established from the same cancer patients. Sera from 350 melanoma and 195 sarcoma patients were tested for antibody reactive with membrane antigens on three of these tumor cell lines (two melanomas and one sarcoma) by immune adherence (IA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IMI) assays. Antibodies to HLA and other non‐tumor‐related antigens were completely removed from the most reactive sera by quantitative absorption with 4 × 107 lymphoblasts or 107 transformed fibroblasts autologous to the tumor target cells. These paired cell lines were used to monitor humoral immune responses in melanoma and sarcoma patients receiving allogeneic tumor cell vaccines.
Mobility of cells from solid tumors
Authors: Gershman Howard , Katzin William , Cook Robert T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe mobility of cells from two established cell lines of hamster origin, NIL B and its SV40 virus‐transformant SV‐NIL, was studied in cellular aggregates maintained in agitated liquid medium. Subcutaneous injection of 5×106 NIL B or SV‐NIL cells into Syrian hamsters resulted in a high frequency of tumor formation—1.00 for SV‐NIL cells and 0.93 for NIL B cells. Cells from five different tumors of NIL B origin were grown in tissue culture and their mobility in cellular aggregates was also studied. The mobilities of the tumor‐derived cells were similar to each other and to that of the SV‐NIL cells, but slightly higher than that of the NIL B cells. In addition, the plating efficiency, saturation density and doubling time of NIL B, SV‐NIL and the tumor‐derived cells were determined in conventional fiat culture. No consistent pattern of saturation density or doubling time was observed in the tumor‐derived cells with respect to each other or to the established lines; however, the plating efficiencies of the tumor‐derived cells were all considerably lower than those of NIL B and SV‐NIL cells. It was concluded that selection for the ability to divide and survive in vivo (i.e. to form tumors) was accompanied by a modest increase in cell mobility in vitro.
Cell surface receptors for ecotropic MULV: Detection and tissue distribution of free receptors in vivo
Authors: de Larco Joseph E. , Rapp Ulf R. , Todaro George J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe expression of available cell surface receptors for binding of the major envelope glycoprotein of Rauscher MuLV, gp71, was studied in freshly prepared tissues of the low‐leukemic mouse strain CBA. The presence of such receptors is a requirement for infection and therefore also for transformation of cells in vitro by ecotropic MuLV. This paper describes the conditions of the binding assay for radiolabelled RLV gp71 and freshly prepared lymphoid cells under which binding occurs as a function of time and cell number. With this assay, available receptors for RLV gp71 were detected in all lymphoid as well as some non‐lymphoid tissues, most notably brain. The lack of binding in other non‐lymphoid tissues was not due to the presence of gp71 specified by endogenous ecotropic MuLV, as was determined by a sensitive group‐specific RIA. These results demonstrate that the distribution of receptor sites necessary for infection by ecotropic MuLV does not directly correlate with the tissue distribution of malignant transformation that is most commonly induced by these endogenous viruses. Therefore, susceptibility to infection by ecotropic MuLV, as determined by the expression of viral receptors, is not sufficient to determine the target organ for MuLV‐induced oncogenesis.
Detection of circulating tumor antigens in mice carrying a highly metastatic pulmonary squamous‐cell carcinoma
Authors: Jamasbi Roudabeh J. , Nettesheim Paul , Kennel Stephen J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecently we reported that the highly metastatic MSC‐10 (mouse squamous carcinoma) is incapable of inducing transplantation immunity. Studies reported here were undertaken to determine whether or not the tumor is devoid of tumor‐associated antigen. We found that sera from MSC‐10 tumor‐bearing mice contain soluble protein antigens which react with rabbit antisera made against the MSC‐10 tumor, as demonstrated by immuno‐diffusion. Such proteins were not detected in the sera of normal mice or mice bearing fibrosarcomas. A close temporal relationship was demonstrated between the appearance of circulating antigens and the occurrence of lung metastases. Protein components serologically indistinguishable from the circulating antigens were isolated from tumor cells. The molecular weight of these proteins is between 30,000 and 100,000 daltons. Studies with antisera to mouse leukemia virus showed that the MSC‐10 tumor antigens are not viral proteins. The lack of immunogenicity of this tumor for syngeneic hosts as well as its high metastatic activity may be due to the early appearance of soluble antigens in the circulation.
Recent changes in the morphology of gastric cancer in japan
Authors: Nagayo Takeo , Yokoyama Hidekichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe macroscopical and histological features of 4,428 cases of gastric cancer resected surgically between 1953 and 1974 were studied. Of these cases, 81.9% were in an advanced stage and 18.1% in an early stage. The following changes were observed. (1) In the group of advanced cancers, a gradual decrease in the frequency of Borrmann II type was noted. Most of these tumors were well‐differentiated adenocarcinomas. (2) In the group of early cancers, a gradual increase in the proportion of “cancerous erosion” was detected. The majority of these tumors were poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas or infiltrating signet‐ring cell cancers. (3) At intervals of 10 years, 5–10% decrease in the frequency of intestinal metaplasia in resected stomachs was noted.
The effect of mass screening in iceland, 1965–74, on the incidence and mortality of cervical carcinoma
Authors: Johannesson Gudmundur , Geirsson Gunnlaugur , Day Nicholas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA clinic for early detection of cancer of the uterine cervix has been in operation in Iceland since 1964, aimed until recently at the age‐group 25–59. More than 85% of women in this age group have been screened at least once. Mortality from cancer of the cervix had been rising in Iceland, and continued to rise during the first few years of operation of the screening clinic. Since 1970, however, a more than two‐fold reduction in mortality has been observed among women aged 25–59. There has been a similar decrease in incidence of tumours of stages II, III and IV. Both deaths and advanced tumours are largely confined to women who have never been screened. Alternative explanations are considered, but the only tenable explanation of the reduction in mortality is that it is a consequence of the introduction of a comprehensive screening programme.
An analysis of conditions allowing corynebacterium parvum to cause either augmentation or inhibition of natural killer cell activity against tumor cells in mice
Authors: Ojo Emmanuel , Haller Otto , Kimura Arthur , Wigzell Hans 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have analyzed the impact of in vivo administration of Corynebacterium parvum on the mouse immune system against murine tumors, using the natural cytotoxic ability against tumors of normal mouse lymphoid cells as a baseline. A striking difference was found depending on the route of administration. Intravenous inoculation of bacteria would result in a significant decrease or sometimes complete abolition of natural cytotoxicity toward tumor cells of the spleen cells of treated mice. On the other hand, the intraperitoneal route of administration resulted in a dramatic increase in cytolytic ability of the peritoneal exudate cells. Both routes of treatment had the most significant impacts on the local cell population (IV = spleen, IP = peritoneal exudate cells) with only minor effects on other cell populations. Analysis of the spleen cell population from IV‐treated mice did also demonstrate a significant reduction in the T lymphocyte function, but in contrast to the natural cytotoxicity this could be corrected for by the removal of suppressor cells of an adherent nature. The lytic cells induced in the peritoneal exudate by the Corynebacterium parvum bacteria were all found to be natural killer, NK, cells with no significant activity found amongst macrophages using short‐term cytolytic assays.
Differential growth and transmission in cats of feline leukaemia viruses of subgroups A and B
Authors: Jarrett Oswald , Russell Peter H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe outcome of infecting cats with FeLV of subgroups A (FeLV‐A) or B (FeLV‐B) was different. After FeLV‐A infection, virus was quickly recovered from the blood and oropharynx of most animals. Following infection with FeLV‐B, only a small proportion of cats developed a viraemia, and this after a long interval. There was no evidence that FeLV‐B was transmitted by contact. The result of infecting cats with mixtures of FeLV‐A and B (FeLV‐AB) was that to a large extent each virus operated independently. FeLV‐A was recovered from the plasma first, in a high proportion of the cats, and FeLV‐B appeared later but not in all cats. There was evidence of interaction, however, in that the proportion of cats which were viraemic with FeLV‐B was greater following FeLV‐AB infection than after infection with FeLV‐B alone; also FeLV‐B was transmitted by contact from cats excreting FeLV‐AB. These results help to explain the apparent dependence of FeLV‐B on FeLV‐A under natural conditions and the frequency of occurrence of subgroups A and B in FeLV isolates.
Early detection of tumor‐specific antibodies to mammary carcinoma
Authors: Blair Phyllis B. , Lane Mary‐Ann L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBALB/cfC3H female mice which develop mammary tumor virus (MTV)‐induced mammary tumors possess not only serum antibodies directed against virus‐associated antigens which are expressed on mammary tumor cells but also antibodies directed against antigenic specificities which are unique to each tumor. The possible range of unique specificities is considerable; a survey of serum samples from 18 tumor‐bearing females revealed only two which reacted with a tumor‐unique specificity of another isologous MTV‐induced mammary tumor. A retrospective study revealed that in multiparous females, the serum activity against tumor‐unique antigenicity could be detected 1 to 4 months before the tumor was grossly visible. On the other hand, in virgin females, the serum activity was detectable only when the tumor was visible. On the basis of this difference in time of origin of reactivity, we speculate that the mechanism of tumor formation in parous females may involve a longer preneoplastic or latent neoplastic period than in virgin females; in the latter the change from normal to overtly neoplastic appears to be more abrupt.
Circulating immune complexes in rats bearing chemically induced tumors. I. Sequential determination during the growth of tumours at various body sites
Authors: Höffken Klaus , Price Michael R. , McLaughlin P. Jeremy , Moore Valerie E. , Baldwin Robert W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCirculating immune complexes were measured in sequential monitoring studies in rats bearing chemically induced tumours at different body sites. The assay employed were based upon radio‐immunoprecipitation of serum factors with 125I‐C1q or with an indirect test whereby the inhibition of binding of 125I‐C1q to IgG aggregates by tumour‐bearer sera was measured. 125I‐C1q‐binding immune complexes were detected at the initial phase of tumour growth and the level of this activity returned to the normal range after tumour excision. With tumours growing at subcutaneous sites or in the peritoneal cavity, serum‐borne C1q‐binding material, after reaching a maximum level, decreased despite tumour progression and eventually fell into sub‐normal ranges at terminal stages of growth. In contrast, following intravenous tumour cell injection, immune‐complex levels increased until terminal stages of disease. The present findings indicate that the measurement of C1q‐binding serum factors represents a useful method for monitoring the growth and burden of experimental animal tumours.
Accelerated growth of syngeneic tumors in mice treated with methylcholanthrene
Authors: Lill Patsy H. , Jessup J. Milburn , Kripke Margaret L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBALB/c and C3H‐ mice were given a single injection of methylcholanthrene (MCA) and were tested at various times thereafter for immunologic reactivity and resistance to syngeneic tumor challenge. MCA treatment did not affect the rejection of H‐2‐incompatible tumor allografts, the rejection of H‐2‐compatible skin allografts, or the induction of delayed hypersensitivity to DNCB as measured by footpad challenge. In contrast, mice treated with MCA exhibited an increased susceptibility to challenge with several syngeneic ultraviolet‐induced and MCA‐induced fibrosarcomas. These studies demonstrate that in the autochthonous host the measurement of host immune status by in vivo cell‐mediated immune responses to exogenous antigens does not necessarily predict the host response to tumor growth.
The complexity of immunohistochemical staining pattern of hodgkin and sternberg‐reed cells—demonstration of immunoglobulin, albumin, α1‐antichymotrypsin and lysozyme
Authors: Papadimitriou Constantin S. , Stein Harald , Lennert Karl 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe immunoperoxidase‐bridge technique was applied to 103 lymph‐node and spleen biopsies from Hodgkin's disease to detect intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Clg). The plasma cells that stained positively for gamma, mu, alpha, or delta chains varied greatly in number from case to case, depending somewhat on the histologic type of the disease. Hodgkin (H) and Sternberg‐Reed (SR) cells that stained for gamma chains were the most frequent, followed by those positive for delta chains. H and SR cells positive for mu or alpha chains were usually sparse. In 11 cases gamma and delta chains were present simultaneously in single cells. No other combination of heavy‐chain classes could be found in H and SR cells. In five cases of the lymphocytic‐depletion type, the Clg was restricted to one heavy‐chain class and one light‐chain type. Gamma‐chain subtypes were determined in a total of 24 cases. In the cases with one light‐chain type and in four other cases, only gamma, chains were present in the H and SR cells. In many cases the proportion of H and SR cells positive for each gamma‐chain subclass was not the same as that of the surrounding plasma cells. Variable numbers of H and SR cells showed unequivocal positivity for albumin in 12, alpha1‐antichymotrypsin in 12, and lysozyme in one out of the 44 cases tested. In 21 out of these 44 cases only Clg could be detected. The findings presented here are discussed in relation to the possible monocytoid/macrophage or lymphoid B‐cell nature of H and SR cells. Our data provide evidence for both a lymphatic and a macrophage origin of H and SR cells. It is not possible to reconcile these data on the basis of present knowledge.