bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathology review in an early prostate cancer detection program: Results from the american cancer society‐national prostate cancer detection project
Authors: Mostofi F. K. , Murphy G. P. , Mettlin C. , Sesterhenn I. A. , Batsakis J. G. , Khaliq S. U. , Nadimpalli V. , Tahan S. , Siders D. B. , Kollin J. , Marsh W. , Owings M. , Sweet J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBiopsy materials obtained in the American Cancer Society National Prostate Cancer Detection Project were reviewed at the Central Pathology Laboratory at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Of 265 cases submitted, 177 were diagnosed as prostatic carcinoma, 7 as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), 13 as atypical glands or atypical hyperplasia, and the remaining 68 were benign hyperplasias. Irrespective of the means of detection or the grading system used (Gleason or WHO‐Mostofi), a large majority of the cancers were detected as low‐grade tumors. Of 27 cases of PIN reported, 20 were associated with cancer, leaving 7 cases with the sole diagnosis of PIN. These data may indicate the increased use of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal examination (DRE), and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in the United States is shifting the spectrum of prostate cancer pathology toward early low‐grade tumors. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunocytochemical characterization of explant cultures of human prostatic stromal cells
Authors: Kooistra Anko , Elissen Nancy M. J. , König Josée J. , Vermey Marcel , Van Kwast Theodorus H. Der , Romijn Johan C. , Schröder Fritz H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe study of stromal‐epithelial interactions greatly depends on the ability to culture both cell types separately, in order to permit analysis of their interactions under defined conditions in reconstitution experiments. Here we report the establishment of explant cultures of human prostatic stromal cells and their immunocytochemical characterization. As determined by antibodies to keratin and prostate specific acid phosphatase, only small numbers (<5%) of epithelial cells were present in primary cultures; subsequent passaging further reduced epithelial cell contamination. Antibodies against intermediate filament proteins (keratins, vimentin, and desmin) and smooth muscle actin microfilaments demonstrated that stromal cells from benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate carcinoma differed in regard to their differentation markers. Two contrasting phenotypes were identified in cultures derived from these two different lesions: One, exhibiting fibroblastic features, was predominant in cultures derived from benign lesions and a second, showing varying degrees of smooth muscle differentiation, was more abundant in carcinoma‐derived cultures. These findings are indicative of a remarkable divergence in the stromal‐epithelial relationships associated with these pathological conditions and may provide us with a potential tool for studying these processes. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rat prostatic inhibin: Less than 35 kDa protein(s)
Authors: Kharbanda Kusum , Ramakrishnan P. R. , Duraiswami S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn attempt was made to purify and physicochemically characterize the inhibin‐like activity of rat ventral prostate based on the technique of immunosorption. It was possible to partially purify prostatic inhibin by affinity chromatography and the molecular size of inhibin‐like material was shown to be less than 35 kDa. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Binding of estradiol to whole prostatic DU‐145 cells in the presence and absence of tamoxifen and acetylsalicylic acid
Authors: Viljoen Theo C. , van Aswegen Casper H. , du Plessis Dion J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConflicting results have been obtained with regard to the estradiol receptor (ER) capacity of human prostatic tissue. Human prostatic DU‐145 cells have been found to be ER‐negative with immunohistochemical assays. The object of this investigation was to determine if whole DU‐145 cells, which had been grown in monolayer culture, have ER and, if so, to confirm the finding with antiestrogens. After cells had been lysed, a Bmax of 44.7 ± 4.0 fmol/mg (Kd = 0.6 ± 0.6 nM) was obtained. Subcellular localization studies showed that the estrogen receptor level in the cytoplasmic fraction was approximately 10 times higher than in the nuclear fraction. Competitive binding studies showed that tamoxifen, DES, and acetylsalicylic acid decreased estradiol binding. The dissociation constants and relative affinities for tamoxifen, DES, and acetylsalicylic acid were 0.2 nM (281.7%), 0.2 nM (224.0%), and 0.8 nM (78.43%), respectively. However, 5α‐dihydrotestosterone and metabolites of acetylsalicylic acid had no effect in competitive binding studies. These results may contribute to a better understanding of prostatic carcinogenesis, which may in turn lead to more effective treatment. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Commentary on maximal androgen blockade in prostate cancer: A theory to put into practice?
Authors: Denis L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe population at risk of prostate cancer is on the increase, and so is public awareness of this disease. There has been an unresolved controversy surrounding the benefits of maximal androgen blockade (MAB) as a valid approach to treatment of non‐curative prostate cancer since it was first proposed in 1945. How are we to interpret the data on MAB in order to give each patient the best advice on treatment? Studies of MAB using medical castration (luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone [LHRH] analogue plus antiandrogen) vs. LHRH analogues alone are inconclusive when viewed collectively, although the largest showed objective benefits for MAB. The remaining studies have insufficient power to show the expected effect size. Studies of MAB using surgical castration plus antiandrogen vs. surgical castration alone also gave inconsistent results, although a meta‐analysis is in favor of MAB on objective criteria of response. Among trials of MAB using an LHRH analogue vs. surgical castration alone, one is positive and the remaining two are neutral for MAB. No study shows MAB to be worse than either medical or surgical castration alone. An overall meta‐analysis shows a trend for benefit with MAB but is not statistically significant. The existing data have strongly suggested that there may be a particular benefit for certain subgroups of patients (including those with minimal disease) but numbers studied have been too small to allow valid conclusions. The INT 0105 trial in progress may permit firmer conclusions to be drawn on this and other questions. In the meantime one of the drawbacks to current MAB regimens is the exchange of modest clinical advantages for the side effects of nilutamide and flutamide. Given that the disease is noncurative, improved quality of life is the main goal of therapy, and excellent tolerability of treatment is fundamental to this. In a comparative trial, bicalutamide (Casodex) was more effective than flutamide (each in combination with an LHRH analogue) in terms of time to treatment failure and produced a significantly lower incidence of diarrhoea. In conclusion, the evidence supports early use of adequate hormonal treatment, and this should mean either medical or surgical castration, ideally augmented by an antiandrogen. Tolerability of the antiandrogen is a key consideration in gaining an improvement in quality of life with MAB. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostate specific antigen in a community‐based sample of men without prostate cancer: Correlations with prostate volume, age, body mass index, and symptoms of prostatism
Authors: Bosch J. L. H. Ruud , Hop Wim C. J. , Bangma Chris H. , Kirkels Wim J. , Schröder Fritz H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe correlation between both prostate specific antigen levels (PSA) and prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) and age, prostate volume parameters, body mass index, and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were studied in a community‐based population. A sample of 502 men aged 55 through 74 years was evaluated, excluding those with a serum PSA above 10 ng/ml, those with biopsy proven prostate cancer, and those who had previously undergone a prostate operation.PSA and PSAD did not correlate with the body mass index. Weak correlations were found between PSA and age (r = 0.25; P < 0.001), PSAD and age (r = 0.17; P < 0.001) and between PSA and the total prostate volume (r = 0.58; P < 0.001). PSA did not correlate independently with age after adjustment for volume (P = 0.22). The finding that PSAD correlates with age (r = 0.17; P < 0.001) is partly explained by the incomplete volume adjustment of PSAD which is proved by the positive correlation between PSAD and prostate volume (r = 0.26; P < 0.001).In the main target age‐range for prostate cancer screening there is a poor basis for the use of age‐specific reference values or volume adjustment for PSA levels in order to increase the clinical usefulness of this serum marker. Comparison of the results of the present study and studies conducted in others regions shows that there may be significant differences in PSA values per age stratum. Further studies are needed to clarify the reasons for these differences. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of urinary plasminogen activator by retinoic acid results in increased invasiveness of human prostate cancer cells PC‐3
Authors: Liu Dong F. , Rabbani Shafaat A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOverproduction of uPA by prostate cancer cells in vivo results in tumor invasiveness and osteoblastic skeletal metastasis due to its mitogenic actions in osteoblasts. In the present study we have examined the effect of several growth factors and steroid hormones on regulating uPA gene expression in the human prostate cancer cell line (PC‐3). Treatment of these cells with dexamethasone (Dex) caused a decrease, whereas epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) increased uPA expression in a dosedependent manner. Trans retinoic acid (RA) also induced uPA mRNA and protein production in a dose‐dependent manner (10−6 to 10−9 M). This increase was seen as early as 2 hr of treatment until 48 hr. Dex treatment resulted in decreased tumor cells invasiveness, whereas exposure to EGF and RA caused an increase in the invasive capacity of PC‐3 cells. These studies should help to better understand the control mechanism of uPA expression in prostate cancer, where uPA has been implicated as a major pathogenetic factor. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinoblastoma gene mutations in primary human prostate cancer
Authors: Kubota Yoshinobu , Fujinami Kiyoshi , Uemura Hiroji , Dobashi Yasushi , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Iwasaki Yoshiko , Kitamura Hitoshi , Shuin Taro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStructural alterations in the entire coding regions (exons 1 to 27) of the retinoblastoma (RB) gene in primary human prostate cancers were investigated, using polymerase chain reaction and single strand conformational polymorphism analysis of RNA. Of 25 samples obtained from patients, four (16.4%) were found to have RB alterations. DNA sequencing of the PCR products revealed point mutations resulting in single amino‐acid substitutions of exons 6 and 19 in two cases, and base deletions of exons 8 and 17 in two cases. Two of four cases with RB mutations were moderately differentiated localized tumors and other two with RB mutations were poorly differentiated tumors with metastases. Our results suggest that RB gene mutation is involved in progression steps of prostate carcinogenesis. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dna heterogeneity determined by flow cytometry in prostatic adenocarcinoma—necessitating multiple site analysis
Authors: Warzynski Michael J. , Soechtig C. Eugene , Maatman Thomas J. , Goldsmith Larry C. , Grobbel Mary Ann , Carothers George G. , Shockley Kenneth F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough DNA ploidy analysis of prostate cancer is generally associated with grade, stage, clinical outcome, and responsiveness to androgen therapy, one possible reason cited for contrary reports may be tumor heterogeneity. A preliminary report using flow cytometric analysis of punch biopsies demonstrated DNA heterogeneity in five of nine patients. We evaluated 75 patients by cutting whole mounts of formalin fixed prostatectomy tissue every 0.6 cm. All malignant areas and a selected normal area were circumscribed, excised, remounted, and 1–3 50 μ thick sections removed. The nuclei were extracted by a Hedley technique and the DNA stained with propidium iodide. Each whole mount had an average of 1 distinct malignant area (range of 1–6 areas per whole mount block). Nuclei were analyzed on a Becton Dickinson (San Jose, CA) FACScan flow cytometer equipped with RFIT DNA software program. After excluding histograms with CVs > 8.0% and/or “suspicious” diploid histograms having a right “shoulder,” 75 or 87 patients still had ≥2 malignant sites available for analysis (average 4, range 2–9 malignant sites/patient). The 322 histograms had an average CV of 4.4%. Thirty of 75 patients (40%) showed DNA heterogeneity in multiple samples taken from the same prostate. There were 37 prostates with only diploid (D), 1 with only tetraploid (T), 7 with only aneuploid (A), 20 with D plus A, 7 with D plus T, 2 with D plus T plus A, and 1 with a D plus suspected hypodiploid DNA content. Exclusion of the tetraploid and “near diploid aneuploid” cases still resulted in 16% (12/75) of the patients having a diploid versus aneuploid DNA content heterogeneity. Because 40% of the prostates contained a different ploidy depending on which area was sampled, this report suggests multiple sites of malignancy must be analyzed to more accurately assess the ploidy status of prostatic adenocarcinoma. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in Brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae)
Authors: Lorini Irineu , Collins Patrick J , Daglish Gregory J , Nayak Manoj K , Pavic Hervoika 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs failure to control Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) with phosphine is a common problem in the grain‐growing regions of Brazil, a study was undertaken to investigate the frequency, distribution and strength of phosphine resistance in R. dominica in Brazil. Nineteen samples of R. dominica were collected between 1991 and 2003 from central storages where phosphine fumigation had failed to control this species. Insects were cultured without selection until testing in 2005. Each sample was tested for resistance to phosphine on the basis of the response of adults to discriminating concentrations of phosphine (20 and 48 h exposures) and full dose–response assays (48 h exposure). Responses of the Brazilian R. dominica samples were compared with reference susceptible, weak‐resistance and strong‐resistance strains from Australia in parallel assays. All Brazilian population samples showed resistance to phosphine: five were diagnosed with weak resistance and 14 with strong resistance. Five samples showed levels of resistance similar to the reference strong‐resistance strain. A representative highly resistant sample was characterised by exposing mixed‐age cultures to a range of constant concentrations of phosphine for various exposure periods. Time to population extinction (TPE) and time to 99.9% suppression of population (LT99.9) values of this sample were generally similar to those of the reference strong‐resistance strain. For example, at 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg L−1, LT99.9 values for BR33 and the reference strong‐resistance strain were respectively 21, 6.4 and 3.7 days and 17, 6.2 and 3.8 days. With both strains, doubling phosphine concentrations to 2 mg L−1 resulted in increased LT99.9 and TPE. High level and frequency of resistance in all population samples, some of which had been cultured without selection for up to 12 years, suggest little or no fitness deficit associated with phosphine resistance. The present research indicates that widespread phosphine resistance may be developing in Brazil. Fumigation practices should be monitored and resistance management plans implemented to alleviate further resistance development. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
The storage and provenance of fine sediment on the channel bed of two contrasting lowland permeable catchments, UK
Authors: Collins A. L. , Walling D. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFine sediment (<63 µm) storage in river channels frequently represents a significant term in catchment sediment budgets and plays an important role in diffuse pollution problems. A combination of a sediment remobilization technique and the fingerprinting approach was used to examine the storage and provenance of fine sediment on the channel bed of two contrasting lowland permeable catchments in the UK. In the upper Tern (∼231 km2) study catchment, estimates of mean fine sediment storage on the channel bed ranged between 860–5500 g m−2, with an overall average of 2391 g m−2, compared to 470–2290 g m−2 and 1065 g m−2 in the Pang (∼166 km2) and 770–1760 g m−2 and 1255 g m−2 in the Lambourn (∼234 km2) sub‐catchments. Mean total fine sediment storage on the bed of the main channel was equivalent to 37% (upper Tern), 38% (Pang) and 21% (Lambourn) of the mean annual suspended sediment loads measured at the catchment outlets. Over the study period, the total gain (1427 t) and loss (1877 t) to fine sediment storage on the channel bed in the upper Tern catchment were equivalent to 82% and 108% of the mean annual suspended sediment load, respectively, compared to 149% (740 t) and 136% (678 t) in the Pang sub‐catchment, and 39% (422 t) and 49% (528 t) in the Lambourn sub‐catchment. The source of the fine sediment stored on the channel bed within each study area varied. In the upper Tern catchment, the weighted mean relative contributions from individual source types were estimated to be 35 ± 5% (pasture), 51 ± 5% (cultivated) and 14 ± 3% (channel banks and subsurface sources). The corresponding estimates were 49 ± 8%, 33 ± 5% and 18 ± 5% for the Pang sub‐catchment, compared to 19 ± 6%, 64 ± 5% and 17 ± 5% for the Lambourn sub‐catchment. These sediment source estimates have important implications for the design and implementation of targeted sediment control policies within the study areas. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategic purity: A multi‐industry evaluation of pure vs. hybrid business strategies
Authors: Thornhill Stewart , White Roderick E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐five years of empirical research has failed to resolve a basic strategy question. Does strategic purity pay? Most theorists believe strategic purity—the extent to which a business pursues one type of generic strategy over another—contributes to better performance. By defining the strategy space consistent with the theory, and employing improved design and methods, our study of 2,351 businesses finds a significant relationship between strategic purity and performance. Purity does appear to pay. Some variations in strategic purity and performance relationship were observed across four major industry sectors: manufacturing, construction, retail, and business services. But in all instances pure strategies never did less well, and often did better than hybrid strategies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and prognostic impact of bundle branch block in patients with heart failure: Evidence from the CHARM programme
Authors: Hawkins Nathaniel M. , Wang Duolao , McMurray John J.V. , Pfeffer Marc A. , Swedberg Karl , Granger Christopher B. , Yusuf Salim , Pocock Stuart J. , Östergren Jan , Michelson Eric L. , Dunn Francis G. ,   CHARM Investigators and Committees
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundBundle branch block (BBB) is a powerful independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The prognostic implications in HF with preserved systolic function (HF–PSF) are less well understood.MethodsThe Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme randomised 7599 patients with symptomatic HF to receive candesartan or placebo. The primary outcome comprised cardiovascular death or HF hospitalisation. The relative risk conveyed by BBB relative to a normal electrocardiogram was examined.ResultsThe prevalence of BBB was significantly lower in patients with preserved compared with reduced systolic function (CHARM‐Preserved 14.4%, Alternative 29.6%, Added 30.5%), p<0.0001. Overall, the adjusted hazard ratio for the primary outcome was 1.48 (95% confidence interval 1.22–1.78), p<0.0001, reflecting increased risk in patients with reduced LVEF (1.72 [1.28–2.31], p=0.0003). The apparently more modest risk among patients with HF–PSF was significant in unadjusted (1.80 [1.37–2.37], p<0.0001) but not adjusted analysis (1.16 [0.88–1.54], p=0.2897). However, no formal statistical difference was observed between the two cohorts, and interpretation is limited by the unknown prevalence of left and right BBB morphologies in each. Comparing BBB presence with absence yielded qualitatively similar results.ConclusionThe simple clinical finding of BBB is a powerful independent predictor of worse clinical outcomes in patients with HF and reduced LVEF. It is less frequent, with a more modest predictive effect, in patients with preserved systolic function.
Development of and recovery from short‐ and long‐term low back pain in occupational settings: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Gheldof Els L.M. , Vinck Jan , Vlaeyen Johan W.S. , Hidding Alita , Crombez Geert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing the data of the EuroBack Unit prospective cohort study, this paper investigated the role of work‐related physical factors and psychological variables in predicting the development of and recovery from short‐term and long‐term LBP. At baseline, 1294 predominantly male industrial workers from 10 companies in Belgium and the Netherlands filled in questionnaires. At follow‐up, data from 812 employees were available. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using simple and multiple logistic regression analyses. For those workers reporting 0 days LBP in the year prior to baseline, negative affectivity (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.11) was a risk factor for thedevelopment of short‐term LBP(=1–30 days total of LBP in the year prior to follow‐up). For those who reported 1–30 days total of LBP in the year prior to baseline, only high fear of (re)injury due to movement (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.12) increased the risk for failure torecovery from short‐term LBP. For thedevelopment of long‐term LBP(=more than 30 days total of LBP in the year prior to follow‐up), a significant increased risk was observed among workers with high pain severity (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01–1.40) and with pain referred to the ankles or feet (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.09–7.83). The risk was reduced by social support of co‐workers (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.59–0.92) and by manual handling of materials (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.46–0.85). For those who reported more than 30 days total of LBP in the year prior to baseline, high pain severity (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04–1.34) increased the risk for failure torecovery from long‐term LBP. Results are compared to the baseline study (Gheldof et al., 2005) and discussed in relation with prospective studies.