Abstract 4301: Increasing the therapeutic vulnerability of heterogenous cell phenotypes within prostate cancer
Authors: Paxson Allan I. , Chang Loren H. , Marr Kendra D. , Gard Jaime M. , Nelson Colin S. , Kapoor Abhijeet , Harryman William L. , Marugan Juan J. , Henderson Mark J. , Sanchez Tino W. , Cress Anne E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Phenotype heterogeneity is a hallmark of prostate adenocarcinoma and is a major source of recurrent disease. We tested pre-clinical therapies to eradicate phenotypically distinct cell populations derived from the parental DU145WT prostate cancer cell line. The derived cell lines are called DU145AA, DU145J7, and DU145G6. The DU145AA variant is a non-aggressive cell population while the DU145J7 and DU145G6 are aggressive phenotypes that invade through muscle and metastasize to bone. Flow cytometry analysis documented the phenotypic plasticity of the DU145 cell variants since DU145 aggressive lines expressed 1.3-fold increases in matrix metalloprotease 14 surface expression and a 2-fold increase in tri-methyl Histone H3 at lysine 27 as compared to the DU145WT parent line. The DU145AA non-aggressive line expressed an epithelial cell-cell lineage phenotype with up to 2-fold increases in E-cadherin, claudin 4, claudin 7, and a unique cytokeratin 6A expression and a 2-fold loss of Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1, EVL, and Kindlin 2. A collaboration with the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) resulted in the identification of pharmacological agents active in eradicating DU145J7 and DU145G6 cells as compared to the DU145WT population. The agents were selected from a quantitative high-throughput screen of 10,677 combined investigative and approved anti-cancer agents using the Cell Titer-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability assay. We independently validated 31 compounds from the assay that have 2-fold, or greater, differences in concentration to inhibit 50% cell growth (IC50) between the wild-type and aggressive variants of DU145 cells. The top 10 hits were tested for the efficacy of different combinations to eradicate defined admixtures of aggressive and non-aggressive phenotypes, including the DU145AA cells, to model tumor heterogeneity. Tested compounds with differential sensitivity between aggressive and non-aggressive cells were those inhibiting histone deacetylase (vorinostat, fimepinostat, and pracinostat), proteasomes (bortezomib, delanzomib, ixazomib), topoisomerases (gimatecan and daunorubicin), and other compounds identified independently by us targeting nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (FK866) and DNA (bleomycin). Using admixtures of tumor cell phenotypes, we determined optimal combinations of compounds that would selectively eradicate the sub-populations. The results suggest that determination of phenotypes within tumor populations may eliminate the heterogenous tumor and prevent recurrent disease. Funding was provided by the University of Arizona Cancer Center (NCI-P30 CA23074 and NCI-R01 CA159406) and by the Partnership in Native American Cancer Prevention at the University of Arizona (U54CA143924) and Northern Arizona University (U54CA143925). Collaborators at NCATS were supported by the intramural research program.
Citation Format: Allan I. Paxson, Loren H. Chang, Kendra D. Marr, Jaime M. Gard, Colin S. Nelson, Abhijeet Kapoor, William L. Harryman, Juan J. Marugan, Mark J. Henderson, Tino W. Sanchez, Anne E. Cress. Increasing the therapeutic vulnerability of heterogenous cell phenotypes within prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4301.