bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellite loss blow to Earth studies
Authors: Wuethrich Bernice 
Published: October 2006

On October 15, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) confirmed the loss of Landsat 6, an Earth‐orbiting satellite that was slated to record, in fine detail, changes on the face of the planet. Scientists say that despite a flawless launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base on October 5, the remote‐sensing satellite never reached orbit.NOAA has established a Failure Review Board to identify the disaster's cause. One possibility is that after separating from its Titan II space launch vehicle, Landsat 6's own solid‐fuel rocket failed to fire, according to James Ellickson, chief of Landsat operations for NOAA. In that case, Landsat 6 probably would have “reentered and burned,” Ellickson said. Its debris would have sunk somewhere in the vast South Pacific.
New role for space station—Enhanced cooperation with Russia?
Authors: Leath Audrey T. 
Published: October 2006

The Clinton administration's recent discussions with Russia on enhanced space cooperation and a possible joint space station prompted a two‐part hearing by the House Science Subcommittee on Space, held on October 6 and 14. Subcommittee members, citing rumors and news stories about a joint station, questioned Presidential Science Advisor Jack Gibbons and NASA Administrator Daniel Goldin on the status of the proposed cooperation and heard from additional witnesses regarding the feasibility of and support for the concept.Gibbons reassured subcommittee members that no decision has yet been made on Russian cooperation, and that Congress would be consulted in the process. He explained that, after the Vancouver Summit, establishment of a Joint Commission headed by Vice President Gore and Russian Prime Minister Chernomyrdin provided an opportunity for enhanced cooperation in space, as well as in such other areas as energy, nuclear safety, the environment, business development, science and technology, and defense diversification. Gibbons testified that the study of a cooperative station program took place concurrently with NASA's work on defining the redesigned U.S. space station, now being referred to as “Alpha.” He affirmed that while Alpha's modular design made it adaptable to a joint effort, it could “be built independent of any Russian participation.”
Administration pro‐active on global change
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

Some drastic climate events during the past year alone (March blizzard, mid‐western flooding, intensifying El Niño) have raised even more concern lately about the effects of global environmental change, which may in part be caused by an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. “We could see changes in climate greater than any we've seen in the past 10,000 years,“ said Katie McGinty, director of the White House Office of Environmental Policy.Addressing the attendees of a meeting entitled “Global Change: A New Direction for Decision Making,” held October 27–28 in Washington, D.C., where representatives of some federal science agencies, among others, presented their views on global environmental change policy and scientific issues, McGinty noted that the Clinton Administration is bringing a new direction to global change policy.
GP e‐mail lists available
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism e‐mail lists are now on the Michigan Technological University's computer system. News items, announcements, and scientific discussions can be sent out to members through the e‐mail lists. Only those who have asked to be included on the lists are members.Currently, there are two e‐mail lists, one for geomagnetism and paleomagnetism (gpmag) and one for electromagnetism (elmag). Members can be on both lists, although they may get two copies of some messages.
NSF director: Tough years ahed for basic research
Authors: Mockler Susan Bucci 
Published: October 2006

Addressing a small group of journalists on November 3 at the National Science Foundation's headquarters in Washington, D.C., director Neal Lane said that there will be some “tough years ahead for basic research.” He noted that NSF will continue to support the best scientific research it can find, but “there is never enough money to support good ideas.”In an era of change, Lane indicated that NSF, too, is changing to meet these needs. The agency is seeking new ways of supporting scientific research, including more cooperative efforts with other federal agencies and with industry, the director said. But Lane also put more responsibility upon the individual scientist. “Researchers will have to think a little more expansively… and to look to other agencies,” he added.
Are future short‐term warnings of volcanic eruptions possible?
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The depth, size, and pathways of the magma body that erupted in January 1991 at the Hekla Volcano, Iceland, were calculated by seismologists at the Carnegie Institution of Washington's Department of Terrestrial Magnetism (DTM) and the Icelandic Meteorological Office, primarily using data from subsurface strainmeters. Their analysis is the first based on observations of Earth deformation to describe a volcanic eruption so fully; it includes the characteristics of the magma conduit and the speed of upward propagation.In their new model of the Hekla events, DTM staff members Alan Linde and Selwyn Sacks, with Kristjan Agustsson and Ragnar Stefansson, conclude that the magma reservoir (roughly spheroidal in shape and situated directly below the fissure), of radius 2.5 km, with its center about 6.5 km below the surface, broke out upward to create a flattened conduit, or dike, to the surface. They determined that the time from breakout 4 km deep to eruption at the surface was about 30 minutes.
Vincent J. Schaefer (1906–1993)
Authors: Droessler Earl G. 
Published: October 2006

In 1946, Vincent Schaefer carried out two simple experiments, the results of which echoed around the world in the meteorological research community.As the afternoon temperatures in the General Electric Research Laboratory at Schenectady, N.Y., inched higher on a hot day in 1946, Schaefer noticed that his cold box (an ordinary home freezer he had lined with black velvet and into which was directed a narrow beam of light) was not as cold as usual, so he placed a block of dry ice in the bottom of the freezer. Within seconds the entire cloud of water droplets in the cold box was turned into millions of tiny, sparkling ice crystals. Serendipitously, Schaefer found the trigger that converted super‐cooled droplets into ice crystals.
A new geomagnetic observatory network?
Authors: Heirtzler J. R. 
Published: October 2006

Input and comments are solicited for a study of the network of geomagnetic observatories. Although there are some 200 geomagnetic observatories around the world recording the intensity and direction of the geomagnetic field, they were established over the last 2 centuries without any overall plan and do not satisfy many of today's scientific and technical needs.As a follow‐on to the National Geomagnetic Initiative Report currently being prepared, a small task group has been established with the encouragement of the U.S. Geodynamics Committee of the National Research Council's Board on Earth Sciences and Resources. The group consists of J. Heirtzler, chair, coordination, agency contacts; J. Booker, portable magnetometer arrays; A. Chave, seafloor observatories; A. W. Green, rapid data archiving; R. Langel and N. Peddle, optimum station distribution.
Waiting for Parkfield to quake
Authors: Wuethrich Bernice 
Published: October 2006

After dark on November 16, a media van collided with a cow while driving through earthquake country near Parkfield, Calif. That may have been the most damaging incident to occur during the 72‐hour earthquake alert issued, on November 14, by the state's Office of Emergency Services (OES).Officials issued the Level A alert—meaning there was a one in three chance of a magnitude‐6 quake within 3 days—following a 4.8‐magnitude quake in the town of Parkfield, on the San Andreas fault. The probability of a bigger quake dies off rapidly with time. And, although the anticipated tremor never came, seismologists wrote another chapter in earthquake analysis and prediction in this seismically perilous state.
Congressional Science Fellowships
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

AGU members have more than one opportunity to become Congressional Science Fellows (see Eos, October 12, 1993, for a report by the last AGU Congressional Fellow). Because AGU is a member society of the American Institute of Physics, AGU members may also apply for the American Physical Society/AIP Congressional Science Fellowship Programs, which are currently accepting applications.Fellows serve one year on the staff of a senator, representative, or congressional committee for the purpose of contributing scientific and technical expertise to public policy issues by exploring science policy from the lawmakers' perspective and learning the legislative process.
Panel calls for “new culture” of federal science education programs
Authors: Mockler Susan Bucci 
Published: October 2006

After a year of study, an expert panel released its report evaluating the federal investment in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology (SMET) education programs on December 1.Titled The Federal Investment in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology Education: Where Now? What Next?, the panel's report to the Committee on Education and Human Resources (CEHR) of the Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering, and Technology (FCCSET) calls for “a new culture of interaction, communication, and coordination within and among all the agencies.”
Travel awards for lecture series
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Phillips Petroleum Company has awarded $15,000 over 3 years to the Association of Women Geoscientists to support travel and operating expenses for the AWG Speakers Bureau. Over 190 women geoscientists are available to speak on a wide range of topics in the geosciences, including plate tectonics, paleoclimatology, seafloor magnetization, tsunamis, seismic imaging, science and public policy, lunar volcanology, karst aquifers, and island arc volcanos.Not‐for‐profit, non‐government institutions are invited to apply for travel grants to host a Phillips‐AWG Distinguished Lecture. The awards will reimburse up to $300 in travel expenses for a woman geoscientist listed with the AWG Speakers Bureau.
Hubble repair mission improves NASA's image
Authors: Mockler Susan Bucci 
Published: October 2006

The recent spacewalk repair mission of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) appears to have been a success, but NASA will have to wait several months for the first fully corrected images to be returned before it can assess how well the optics work.The HST was designed to surpass the capabilities of ground‐based optical telescopes for many types of research. Launched on April 24, 1990, the telescope is a project of international cooperation between NASA and the European Space Agency.
Future course of scientific ocean drilling
Authors: Kappel E. 
Published: October 2006

Outlining important U.S. scientific problems that, to be properly addressed, must be investigated with a drilling ship was the objective of the U.S. COMmittee on POST‐1998 Ocean Drilling (COMPOST), which met in Seattle October 14–15. Members of COMPOST were chosen specifically by the Joint Oceanographic Institutions‐U.S. Science Advisory (JOI‐USSAC) as representatives of major ongoing ocean sciences initiatives in the United States.The scientific rationale for drilling was examined and COMPOST summarized what the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) has done and can do for the following initiatives: Marine Aspects of Earth System History (MESH)
Investigating the marginal ice zone on the Newfoundland Shelf
Authors: Smith Peter C. , Tang C. L. , MacPherson J. Ian , McKenna Richard F. 
Published: October 2006

From the ice and current data collected over the Newfoundland Shelf by the second Canadian Atlantic Storms Program (CASP II), it is evident that ice motion is affected by wind‐generated ocean current. This points to the importance of coupled ice‐ocean response to wind forcing in the study of shortterm ice motion and operational ice forecasting. The mutual influence of ice and the ocean can also be seen in the water properties.To study the mature stages of explosive cyclogenesis in east coast winter storms and to investigate their influence on the circulation and sea ice properties on the Newfoundland continental shelf and Grand Banks, CASP II was conducted by scientists from the Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO), the Atmospheric Environment Service (AES), the National Research Council (NRC), and many universities, private companies, and other government agencies.
Antarctic climate and tectonic history: The Cape Roberts Project
Authors:   Cape Roberts Project International Steering Committee
Published: October 2006

Scientists and logistics experts from Germany, Italy, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States met from September 21 to 23, 1993, near Washington, D.C., to discuss management, logistics, and science objectives of a proposed international stratigraphic drilling project.The project plans to core 1500 m of strata beneath the western Ross Sea off Cape Roberts, where shipboard geophysical surveys indicate that dipping sedimentary strata occur close to the seafloor beneath a thin blanket of much younger sediments (Figure 1). These sediments include the oldest sedimentary sequences in the Ross Sea and are interpreted to be from 30‐ to more than 100‐m.y. old. No rocks of this age are known to crop out in the Ross Sea‐Transantarctic Mountains region or other parts of east Antarctica.
Program probes the magnetosphere
Authors: Lyons L. R. , de la Beaujardiére O. 
Published: October 2006

This article, the second in a series of three on the GEM program to appear in Eos, reports on the GEM observing campaign and data/model comparisons. The first article by William Lotko provided an overview of the program organization and current scientific activities. The third article by George Siscoe will report on GGCM development.The Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) program is a National Science Foundation program designed to produce a comprehensive understanding of the interactions of the solar wind with the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere. It is also structured to help develop the first quantitative global circulation model of the magnetosphere and ionosphere that focuses on the dynamic response to the changing solar wind energy and particle inputs. The concept of a GEM program was conceived at workshop in 1987, and NSF has provided modest funding over the past 2 years.
Mars Observer findings released
Authors: White M. Catherine 
Published: October 2006

A fixed‐price contract, poor management, and faulty design of the Mars Observer's propulsion system were most likely at fault for the spacecraft's August 21 failure, according to the Mars Observer Mission Failure Investigation Board. Timothy Coffey, chairman of the investigation board and director of research, Naval Research Laboratory, presented the review board's findings in a January 5 press conference in Washington, D.C.After developing and assessing sixty scenarios, the board concluded that the loss of contact with the spacecraft was probably caused by a massive failure of the pressurization side of the craft's propulsion system. Wesley Huntress, Jr., associate administrator, Office of Space Science, NASA, said that an internal NASA review board, created to prevent the likelihood of future spacecraft failures, has reached the same conclusion.
Effort to improve Latin American science launched
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Leaders of major scientific associations from eleven Latin American countries recently released a report calling for a dramatic course of action to address the problems of scientific development in Latin America and the Caribbean.Noting that the region suffers from a shortage of highly‐trained scientists and a weak infrastructure for research and training, the report of the Western Hemisphere Science Collaboration Initiative, “Science and Technology in the Americas: Perspectives on Pan American Collaboration,” recommends that scientists help science policy makers in Latin America and the Caribbean. The report also urges creation of a scientific grant‐making foundation to support science and technology and encourage regional collaboration.
Eaton nominated to head USGS
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

President Clinton nominated Gordon P. Eaton to be the new director of the U.S. Geological Survey on January 5. According to Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt, “Dr. Eaton is the ideal candidate to lead the nation's premier water and Earth science information agency at a time when we are facing many critical decisions on the environment.”Eaton is currently director of the Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory and was formerly employed by the USGS for 16 years. In addition, he served as president of Iowa State University in Ames, and provost vice president for academic affairs at Texas A&M University. He is a fellow of the Geological Society of America and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is also an AGU member.
Washington, D.C., schools to improve science education
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Carnegie Institution of Washington received a 5‐year, $3.7‐million grant from the National Science Foundation for the Carnegie Academy for Science Education (CASE). CASE is designed to help classroom teachers in the District of Columbia and improve the quality of science teaching in the city's elementary schools.CASE will offer 6‐week teacher training workshops at Carnegie's headquarters in Washington. The first session will take place this summer, and fifty teachers from five elementary schools will be selected to participate. Three of these schools already participate in Carnegie Institution's First Light Program, where third through sixth graders in the area attend “hands‐on” science school at Carnegie on Saturdays during the year. Two of the schools also participated in a pilot teacher‐training venture with Carnegie in 1992.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Authors: Mockler Susan Bucci 
Published: October 2006

Although slightly reduced from the 1994 funding level of $2 billion, James Baker, under secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere at NOAA, said they are “pleased with the numbers.” The total request for 1995 of $1.96 billion includes some new programmatic funds, and the decrease from fiscal 1994 reflects, in part, some one‐time projects in last year's budget, Baker said.NOAA's budget request for 1995 is driven by its strategic plan, which was established in 1993 to unify the agency, identify coherent objectives that capitalize on available resources across NOAA's program elements, and develop implementation measures to maximize cost‐effectiveness. The strategic plan organizes NOAA's program responsibilities into two broad “portfolios”—Environmental Stewardship and Environmental Assessment and Prediction, and two other priorities—Cross‐Cut Programs and Infrastructure.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Authors: White M. Catherine 
Published: October 2006

NASA has requested a $14.3 billion budget for fiscal year 1995, which is $250 million below the $14.5 billion it received in fiscal 1994. NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin said the budget conveys the president's commitment to a strong and vital aeronautics and space program while reflecting today's very real fiscal constraints. No major programs were canceled.“The president's budget plan for NASA is a sound one, with reductions that still preserve a meaningful space program, but this is it. We can't get any closer to the bone,” Goldin warned. In real terms, this 5‐year fiscal 1995 budget represents a 30% cut in the last 2 years. “We must hold the line at this level and will work closely with Congress to do so,” Goldin said.
Department of Energy
Authors: White CatherineM. Catherine 
Published: October 2006

DOE's budget for 1995 is “lean,” in the words of Secretary of Energy Hazel O'Leary. The total request is $18.5 billion, a decrease of $5 million from 1994.“We realize that our mission and focus as an agency has changed,” said O'Leary, adding that “we must ensure that our budget request is completely aligned with our newly defined mission and goals.”
1994 Geophysical images contest entries sought
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

As part of AGU's 75th Anniversary year, entries are sought for the 1994 Geophysical Images Contest. Over ninety photographs, computer graphics, posters, maps, slides, and videos were submitted in 1993. The winning images were displayed at the AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, and again at the Fall Meeting in San Francisco, along with the other images submitted.First place winner in the computer graphics section was “Western Mediterranean Sea Salinity Field,” submitted by Jacques Haus. Honorable Mentions went to Wei‐jia Su for “A View of Whole Mantle Heterogeneity” and Toshiro Tanimoto, Paul Morin, David Yuen, and Yu‐Shen Zhang for “Visualization of the Earth's Upper Mantle.”
Record drilling depth struck in Greenland
Authors: Mayewski P. A. , Twickler M. S. , Dibb J. E. , Wumkes M. , Klinck J. , Putscher J. S. , Taylor K. C. , Gow A. J. , Meese D. A. , Waddington E. D. , Alley R. B. , Grootes P. M. , Ram M. , Wahlen M. , Wilson A. T. 
Published: October 2006

On July 1, 1993, after 5 years of drilling, the Greenland Ice Sheet Project (GISP2) penetrated several meters of silty ice and reached bedrock at a depth of 3053.4 m. It then penetrated 1.5 m into the bedrock, producing the deepest ice core ever recovered (Figure 1).In July 1992, a nearby European ice coring effort, the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP), reached an ice depth of 3028.8 m, providing more than 250,000 years of record. Comparisons between these ice core records have already demonstrated the remarkable reproducibility of the upper ∼90% of the records unparalleled view of climatic and environmental change.
Eaton to be sworn in as USGS Director
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

On the eve of the U.S. Geological Survey's 115th anniversary, Gordon P. Eaton was confirmed as the survey's 12th director by unanimous consent of the U.S. Senate. His swearing‐in ceremony is tentatively scheduled for March 14.Eaton, 64, is a distinguished Earth scientist, administrator, and former employee of USGS. His most recent post was director of the Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University. He has been an AGU member since 1963. Eaton follows in the footsteps of Dallas Peck, who held the post from 1981 to 1993, and interim director Robert M. Hirsch, who followed Peck.
Exploring the eastern Arctic Ocean margins
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

A joint German‐Russian oceanographic expedition was made in August and September 1993 to the Eurasian continental margin of the Barents and Laptev seas, a region of high scientific interest that until recently was inaccessible to western oceanographers. The expedition addressed a range of scientific problems spanning geology, oceanography, biology, and sea‐ice research, and it marks a major breakthrough in Arctic Ocean research cooperation among Russian and western scientists.The program grew out of discussions between ocean researchers from the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) in Bremerhaven, Germany, the GEOMAR Research Center for Marine Geosciences and the Institute for Polar Ecology (IPO) in Kiel, Germany, the Arctic and Antarctic Institute (AARI) in St. Petersburg, Russia, and several institutes involved in ecological research within the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). It was coordinated by the AWI and AARI.