bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infrastructure System Obstacles and Technology Adoption by Firms in Transition Countries
Authors: Anderson John E. , Toshmatova Muazzam 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study uses business survey data to analyze firm perceptions of infrastructure systems in transition countries as obstacles to conducting business. Factors that contribute to reported perceptions are modeled, including country macroeconomic conditions, firm characteristics, and measures of overall reforms and infrastructure system reforms. Identified obstacles arise from binding constraints that limit economic growth, reflect implicit shadow costs, and signal areas in need of policy reform or infrastructure investment. The analysis covers electric power, telecommunications, transportation, and water and wastewater infrastructure systems. Also examined is whether transition indicators of reforms, intended to reflect improvements, are associated with perceptions of obstacles. Beyond identifying infrastructure obstacles and the effects of reforms during the transition process, we also explore firm adoptions of new electronic technologies, essentially a new infrastructure system, as they use email, websites, cell phones, and high-speed Internet in their business activity.
Care of People Living with Dementia in Bulgaria: Between Over-Responsibility to the Family and Distrust in Public Health Services and Policies
Authors: Goncharova Galina , Karamelska Teodora 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Thirty years after the transition to democracy in Bulgaria, there is a lack of social and community support for people living with dementia and for their families and caregivers. Both residential and assisted living facilities in the country have remained both unpopular and underdeveloped, and based on in-depth biographical and expert interviews and focus groups, we shall discuss the subjective experience of informal caregivers of people living with dementia, accumulated in the confined space of home and family. We shall try to show how inconsistent application of the European Union’s social policies as well as the existence of enduring socio-cultural stereotypes relating to parental care places caregivers in passive, but over-responsible and implicitly critical positions towards the management both of public and private services for older people in Bulgaria.
Light sources based on CdTe/CdS/ZnS heterostructures
Authors: Slyotov M.M. , Slyotov O.M. , Кinzerska O.V. , Мazur T.M. , Horichok I.V. , Mazur M.P. 
Published: March 2024

The optimal modes of isovalent substitution and the CdTe/CdS/ZnS heterostructure obtained for the first time were established, the main parameters of the band structure of the constituent heterolayers and the characteristics of the obtained radiation sources were determined. The high quantum efficiency η ≈ 12-14 % of surface ZnS is caused by isovalent impurities. The band structure parameters of the obtained isovalently substituted CdS layers of atypical cubic modification and their luminescence efficiency of η ≈ 7-8 % were established. The emission of the resulting layers is localized in the edge region of the material and is formed by interband emitting transitions and the dominant annihilation of bound excitons.
FNAC as preoperative diagnostic tool for neoplastic and non-neoplastic breast lesions with special reference to IAC standardised reporting in Coastal population - A teaching hospital experience
Authors: Savant Supriya P , Naik Vinay , Lingegowda Jyothi B 
Published: March 2024

Breast cancer is steadily increasing worldwide. This study is based on application of recently proposed International Academy of cytology (IAC) Yokohama categorisation system of Breast cytology from C1 to C5. (C1-Insufficient material, C2-Benign, C3- Atypical, C4-Suspicious & C5-Malignant). We aim to categorize the breast lesions based on the above-mentioned categorization scheme (IAC, Yokohama 2016) along with histopathological correlation (wherever possible). This was a retrospective observational study conducted from January 2018 to December 2021 in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care hospital involving coastal population. Ethical clearance was taken from institutional reviw committee. All patients with palpable breast lumps who had undergone FNAC were included in the study. Patient details and data were collected from the case records maintained in Department of Pathology. All quantitative parameters were described through descriptive statistics. Total scores were computed for all the risk factors. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value calculated. Risk of malignancy(ROM) was calculated for each category. A total 200 patients, with age group ranging from 17 - 67 years with breast lesions were included in the study. C1 lesions were found in 5 cases, C2 in 152 cases, C3 in 11 cases, C4 in 4 cases, and C5 in 28 cases. Cytohistological correlation obtained in 94 cases with concordance noted in 89 cases and discordance in 5 cases. Breast FNAC cytology categorization according to IAC Yokohama system increases accuracy of diagnosis and helps clinician in appropriate patient management.
Scorpion sting among children with respect to its complications and outcome
Authors: HS Shreedhar , P Sowmyashree , H Durgappa , K A Akshatha 
Published: March 2024

Scorpion sting is an acute time limiting medical emergency commonly encountered in rural villages of the country. It is a major public health problem in many tropical and sub tropical countries. India is most affected country in Asian epidemiological data. This study was done to study the complications and outcome of scorpion sting in children. This is a prospective observational study.a total of 100 cases of scorpion sting selected from the patients admitted to Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari. The demographical features, clinical presentation, complications, outcome and the response to standard treatment protocol were observed and analysed.Scorpion sting is a common and major health problem in our area. Most commonly affected age group was 4-6 years (27%), and male children (67%) were most commonly affected. These cases were most commonly seen during March (15%) to May (14%) months. Pain at the site of sting (99%) and excessive sweating (92%) were most common presenting complaints, cold extremities (88%), tachycardia (84%), and restlessness (72%) were most common signs noted. Most common complication was myocarditis (15%), followed by pulmonary edema (7%) and encephalopathy (2%). About 98% of cases recovered without sequelae and 2% of cases died due to complications.Scorpion sting is a serious, potentially fatal emergency in our area. Cardiovascular manifestations are most common and are life threatening complication. Administration of prazosin as early as possible is the single most effective intervention to prevent complications and mortality
Prevalence of visual impairment in patients sustaining proximal hip fracture after a simple fall
Authors: Panda Sambit Kumar , Jena Laxmidhar , Panda Jitendra Kumar , Nath Sandhyarani , Patra Gopabandhu 
Published: March 2024

According to epidemiological studies, the 30% of aged 75 years and older is having impaired vision and most of the cases these patients are not in contact of the hospital care staff and community eye services. The visual assessment of older people is essential and helps to minimize the issues related to fall that led to critical problem. The proper vision is required for regain independence and improve the patient’s overall wellbeing. This kind of situation is leading the individual to unintentional injury which is higher among the visually impaired people compared to fully sighted population. Moreover, there are two major reasons for visual impairment that are more susceptible.The study aims to analyze the prevalence of visual impairment in patients sustaining proximal hip fracture after a simple fall at SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha.The current study has been conducted at SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha. All inpatients of the orthopaedic rehabilitation wards were recuperating from the surgical repair of a fractured neck of femur aged 75 years and above. and all the visual impairment assessed at Ophthalmology OPD. Moreover, the investigator has also invited the patients who sustained their fracture after a simple slip, trip and fall. Apart from this, the mental test of these participants was also done to analyze the ability. In this test the score of seven and above was considered for allowing the patients to take part in the study. There was a full ocular examination of anterior and posterior segment performed by the ophthalmologist using the slit-lamp bio microscope and indirect ophthalmoscope.Visual impairment of criteria 1 sensitivity was 93% and specificity was 91%. Moreover, the likelihood ratio of positive results was 11 and negative result was 0.05. For the criteria 2 the sensitivity was 97% and specificity was 86%. Moreover, the likelihood of positive results was 6 and negative result was 0.02. Apart from this detection of potentially remedial visual impairment sensitivity was 69% and specificity was 91%. The likelihood ratio of positive result was 8 and negative result was 0.2.The vision test and proper ocular examination were underestimated the extent of vision impairment in older adults. As per the outcome of the study, the visual impairment is common in elderly patients with a history of falls. Moreover, the study has suggested that to measure the visual acuity of all elderly patients recuperating from a proximal hip fracture after a simple fall.
Epidemiology and factors associated with amoebic liver abscess at a tertiary care hospital in Northern India
Authors: Poddar Devadatta , Chauhan Rohit , Lohchab Prateek 
Published: March 2024

Liver abscess is a collection of purulent material in the liver most commonly seen in the tropical countries. It can sometimes lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not treated timely and adequately. Through this study we wish to put light upon the current status of clinical aspects, laboratory features, and outcomes of liver abscess. The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Northern India in the period of August 2020 to July 2021. All patients diagnosed with liver abscess of size &#62;5 cm or left lobe liver abscess of any size were included in the study. All relevant laboratory investigations were conducted. The outcomes were noted and data was entered in MS Excel sheet. Analysis was done using SPSS version 26. Sixty-three patients were included in the study. A male predominance was noted. Mean age at presentation was 37.8 years. Most patients were part of the lower socioeconomic class. Pain abdomen and fever were the most common presenting symptoms. Amoebic liver abscess was much more frequently seen than pyogenic liver abscess. Deranged coagulation profile was seen in 88.9% patients. 85.7% patients were amenable to treatment with minimal intervention. Mortality as an outcome was seen in 9.5% patients Significant correlation was found between various laboratory parameters and outcomes such as length of hospital stay and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial in management of patients with liver abscess even today.
Study of serum ferritin levels in preterm labour and its perinatal outcome in tertiary care centre
Authors: Kiranmai T. Pavani , Munagavalasa Sharada , Bhargavi K , Sujatha P , Sangeetha CH 
Published: March 2024

Pregnant women at risk of preterm birth may be easily identified and sent to tertiary care centres for further therapy. Numerous biomarkers are being investigated for their ability to predict preterm labour; serum ferritin is one of these indicators. It is an intracellular protein that has a role in iron storage and is also an acute phase reactant that is increased during acute and chronic infections. To evaluate serum ferritin levels in preterm labour and perinatal outcome in a tertiary care centre during 2 years.A case control study was conducted in collaboration with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, from 2019 to 2022. After receiving permission, one hundred participants with an average age of 25 years who visit Niloufer hospital are included in the research and separated into case (Group 1) and control (Group 2) groups. Group 1 consists of women who had spontaneous preterm labour, whereas Group 2 consists of pregnant women of the same gestational age who are considered controls. Among 50 instances of preterm labour, 39 (78.0 percent) were classified as preterm (32 to 36 weeks), whereas 11 (22.0 percent) were classified as very preterm (28 to 32 weeks). The majority of the 50 patients included in the research, 31 (62.0 percent), were born by normal vaginal delivery, while 19 (38.0 percent) were delivered using emergency LSCS. CRP was positive in two patients (4.0 percent). The mean WBC levels in cases were much greater than those in controls, and the difference is statistically significant. Serum ferritin levels were 40.298 19.64 in cases and 20.343 6.82 in controls. Serum ferritin levels were substantially higher in cases than in controls on average. The mean WBC levels were greatest in extremely preterm infants, followed by preterm infants; however, this difference was determined to be statistically insignificant. Ferritin levels are much higher in preterm labour patients than in low-risk women of the same gestational age. Serum ferritin levels may be utilised as a biomarker in high-risk premature labour.
Diagnostic performance of contrast enhanced computed tomography in intestinal obstruction
Authors: Kolluru Radhakrishna , M K Suma , Mohapatra Manoranjan , Das Swati , Sen Kamal Kumar , Madhesia Ajeet Kumar , Swaraj Sunny 
Published: March 2024

Intestinal obstruction (IO) is a frequent cause of admission to the surgery and emergency departments. For the prevention of complications, such as ischemia and perforation, early recognition of IO is crucial. Computed tomography (CT) provides excellent details regarding cause, site & complications of IO and also helps in treatment planning.To evaluate the efficacy and accuracy of CECT imaging in diagnosing IO and detecting complications. To correlate CECT findings with surgical or histopathological findings. A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India for a period of 2 years from September 2020 to September 2022. Fifty patients with suspected intestinal obstruction were evaluated, after obtaining informed consent. Data was analysed using SPSS 22 version software. Male predominance was seen in this study, males constituted 58% and females 42%. The commonest age group affected was 41-50 years. Small bowel obstruction (SBO) was much more prevalent than large bowel obstruction (LBO). The most common site of BO was ileum. The leading cause of SBO was adhesions and in LBO was bowel malignancy. IO is a fairly common presentation in clinical and radiological practice. There are various causes as well as mimickers of IO, which makes it a challenging task to accurately diagnose. CECT helps in treatment planning by providing information about bowel viability. We found it is extremely useful to include CECT study as a standard protocol in evaluation of patients presenting with bowel obstruction.
Evaluation of SOFA score (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score) in hospitalised patients with sepsis
Authors: Chatterjee Santa Subhra , Mazumdar Amitava , Mandal Soumik 
Published: March 2024

Considering sepsis as a common illness the following study studied the score and extrapolated with survival benefits in medical emergency patients. The score was made to determine population level burden of disease.Various studies recommended SOFA for screening sepsis and determine prognosis. The score has been used to determine injury to organs in admitted patients with infection. The cross sectional study was conducted at Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Kolkata over a period of one year (2019 till 2020) on sepsis patients admitted in medical ICU. The study revealed that more the scores on the day of admission, the more is the risk of adverse outcomes and subsequent early mortality (within day 7 of admission). In this study, among 56 cases of total death within the first 7 days of admission, 53 patients (94.64%) had day 0 SOFA score of &#62;9 making it a significant outcome in this study. Baseline SOFA scores ≥ 9 and rising SOFA scores as day progresses can predict mortality in sepsis. The mean SOFA score on admission to the ICU was 9.2. The 28-day mortality rate was 28%. Patients with a SOFA score of 9 or more on admission to the ICU had a significantly higher mortality rate than those with a score of less than 9 (42% vs. 14%, p &#60; 0.01). The SOFA score on day 3 of ICU stay was also significantly associated with mortality (p &#60; 0.01). The SOFA score is a simple and easy-to-use tool that can be used to assess the severity of organ dysfunction in patients with sepsis. It is a good predictor of mortality in patients with sepsis admitted to the ICU.
Study of utilisation pattern and adverse reaction monitoring of drugs used for relief of musculoskeletal pain in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern Odisha
Authors: Palai Sabita , Upadhyay Rajlaxmi , Upadhyay Manasaranjan , Misra Pooja 
Published: March 2024

Musculoskeletal conditions are the most common cause of long-term pain and physical disability. The burden of musculoskeletal conditions is not only in terms of global numbers but also in terms of physical and psychosocial disability. Pain arising from musculoskeletal conditions of the major joints like back, neck, shoulder, knee or multi-site involvement results in diminished quality of life. Evidence for the effectiveness and safety of the various drugs used to alleviate MSP is uncertain.The present study was an observational, cross-sectional study which included patients with complaints of musculoskeletal pain attending Regional Spine Injury Centre, S.C.B Medical College and Hospital. A total of 100 patients were included in the study. Demographic data of all the patients was collected and their level of significance in the causation of musculoskeletal pain was assessed. The prescription pattern of the drugs for musculoskeletal pain was analysed. All the patients taking the drugs were monitored for any adverse drug reaction and the same was documented.Low back ache (28%) was the most common type of musculoskeletal pain observed. Aceclofenac was the most common analgesic prescribed, followed by paracetamol and etoricoxib. Aceclofenac and paracetamol was the most common combination used. Pain abdomen was the most common ADR encountered.
Evaluation of immunomodulatory effect of aqueous extract of aloe vera in Wistar albino rat models
Authors: Pradhan Rashmita , Singh Subhasish , Upadhyay Rajlaxmi , Singh Nipa , Ratha Bandana 
Published: March 2024

Aim of the study wasto evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of Aqueous extracts of Aloe vera in Wistar albino rats using humoral immune response (antibody titre), a cellular immune response, and a neutrophil adhesion test after oral administration. : 24 healthy Wistar albino rats of either sex were divided into 4 different groups containing 6 rats for each immunomodulatory model. Group I ,the control group received gum acacia suspended in normal saline; Group II rats were treated with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg bw)whereas Groups III & IV received AloeVera aqueous extract at a dose of 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg, respectively. Each rat was antigenically challenged by injecting 0.1 ml of 0.5 × 10 SRBCs (suspended in normal saline) intraperitoneally. The study of humoral immune response was seen by measurement of antibody titre obtained on 20 day (7 day of Ag challenge) and 27 day (14 day of challenge) with sRBC considered the primary and secondary humoral immune response, respectively. For the cellular immune response, foot pad edema was calculated due to a hypersensitivity reaction after injection of sRBC into the .rat hind paw. A test of neutrophil adhesion is used to evaluate immunomodulatory activity. Aloe vera aqueous extracts at 250 mg/kg significantly improved a significant increase in paw edema volume indicated increased cell-mediated immunity, and elevated Ab titre on the 20th and 27th days served as a marker of increased humoral immune response. Additionally, AVE 250 mg/kg caused an increase in neutrophil adhesion, demonstrating its immunomodulatory effects. Aloe vera aqueous extracts at a dose of 250 mg/kg demonstrated immunomodulatory activity in a model using Wistar albino rats.Aloe vera extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg significantly increased hemagglutination antibody titers compared to the control group, indicating enhanced humoral immunity. This study demonstrates the immunostimulant properties of orally administered Aloe vera aqueous extract in Wistar albino rats. The extract increased antibody production, enhanced cell-mediated immunity, and improved neutrophil function. These findings support the potential of Aloe vera as a natural immunomodulator and warrant further exploration of its therapeutic applications.
A study of clinical profile of snake bite at a tertiary care centre
Authors: G Anurekha , M Nallathambi , C Paranthakan 
Published: March 2024

Because India has long been a land of exotic snakes, snakebite is a serious occupational and rural hazard. Physicians pay very little attention to this occupational hazard despite the high morbidity and death. To study the various clinical profiles and the time interval between bite and start of treatment. Patients were categorized based on the envenomation centred by patient history and definitive bite evidence and graded (I-IV) grounded on a series of manifestations observed in association with the onset of treatment time that distinguishes a venomous from a non-venomous snake attack. Patients were obligating local inflammation owing to tourniquet use besides local innate therapies. Of the 100 patients deliberated, it was evident that there existed a minimal difference between the bites instigated by the snake type. Higher abnormal clotting was perceived on the arrival of patients (78%). While envenomation was predominantly reported to prompt primary coagulation abnormalities (84.32 %), neurotoxin manifestation was also found to occur at a lower rate (11.76 %). Both symptoms were also observed at a minimal level (3.92 %). Higher rates of renal failure were also reported and the clotting time normalization depended largely on patient admission time post-attack. In this investigation, the time gap between the bite and the commencement of therapy was not associated with the time required to normalize the coagulation abnormalities or develop a complication. The study also proposes appropriate protective and awareness measures that could save humankind and these reptiles together.