bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The combined effect of controlling nutritional status increase and activities of daily living impairment on 12-month mortality of older adults after hip fracture: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Ying , Guo Ying , Tong Gang , He Yu , Zhang Ruihua , Liu Qi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
We aimed to explore the combined effect of nutritional status and functional autonomy was associated with all-cause mortality of older adults with hip fracture patients in the first year after hospitalization.
Methods
This is a single-center retrospective cohort study in older adults with hip fracture patients. Clinical data and laboratory results were collected from electronic medical record system of our hospital (2014–2021). The endpoint of this study was all-cause mortality in the first year after hospitalization.
Results
A total of 303 older adults were enrolled and all-cause mortality was 21.8%. Compared with patients who were alive at 1 year, those who died were older, had less body mass index (BMI), activities of daily living (ADL), hemoglobin, lymphocytes, total protein, albumin, triglycerides and total cholesterol. They also had higher age, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score. Multivariable Cox analysis showed that BMI, ADL and CONUT were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality of hip fracture in elderly (HR (95% CI):2.808(1.638, 4.814), P < 0.001; 2.862(1.637, 5.003), P < 0.001; 2.322(1.236, 4.359), P = 0.009, respectively). More importantly, the combined index of CONUT and ADL had the best predictive performance based on ROC curve (AUC 0.785, 95% CI: 0.734–0.830, P < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier survival curves for all-cause mortality showed that patients with CONUT increase and ADL impairment had a higher mortality rate at 1 year compared to CONUT decrease and ADL well (Log Rank χ2 = 45.717, P < 0.0001).
Conclusions
Combined index of CONUT increase and ADL impairment has good clinical value in assessing 1-year postoperative prognosis in older adults after hip fracture.
Design and Simulation of a Novel Avalanche Photodiode Utilizing Field Effect Diode Structure
Authors: Sharafi F. , Alaei-Sheini N. , Soroosh M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This research introduces a novel avalanche photodiode that addresses certain issues in existing avalanche photodiodes. The proposed device combines a basic pin-photodiode and a field effect diode, along with a multiplication layer. Through simulations, it has exhibited favorable optical and electrical characteristics. These include a responsivity of 71.2 A/W, an efficiency of 73.5%, a detectivity of 2×1010 √(cm.Hz)/W, and a low noise equivalent power of 7×10–14 W/√Hz. The device demonstrates peak responsivity at a wavelength of approximately 450 nm, indicating its potential as an optical detector for visible light applications.
The role of shame and self-consciousness in the relationship between attachment and paranoia in an Iranian sample: A moderated mediation analysis
Authors: Amini-Fasakhoudi Maryam , Karsazi Hossein , Masjedi-Arani Abbas , Vand Hoda Doos Ali , Kianimoghadam Amir Sam 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Early life experiences increase vulnerability to paranoid thoughts, and attachment theory has been used as a conceptual framework to explain this causal pathway. The purpose of this study was to identify and highlight the mediating and moderating mechanisms in the relationship between attachment styles and paranoia in a non-clinical sample.
Method
The current research was a cross-sectional design. A sample of 331 university students was collected by available and online sampling at a period of 3 months. They completed the Paranoia scale (PS), Relationship scales questionnaire (RSQ), Internal and External Shame Scale (EISS), and Self-consciousness scale (SCS). Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and Process Macro.
Results
The results showed that avoidant and anxious attachment was related to paranoia and shame mediates this relationship. On the other hand, self-consciousness as a buffering moderated and weakened the relationship between attachment and paranoia.
Conclusion
The present study provided preliminary evidence for the mediating and moderating roles of shame and self-consciousness in the relationship between attachment and paranoia.
“Skipping” posterior hemivertebra resection with short segmental fusion for congenital kyphoscoliosis due to nonadjacent fully segmented hemivertebrae in children
Authors: Du You , Zhang Jianguo , Wang Shengru , Yang Yang , Zhuang Qianyu , Wu Nan , Lin Guanfeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective: To describe the technique and evaluate the results of “skipping” posterior hemivertebra resection with short segmental fusion for the treatment of progressive complex congenital spinal deformities due to nonadjacent hemivertebrae.
Methods: This study was a retrospective case series. Twelve patients, consisting of six males and six females, with congenital kyphoscoliosis caused by nonadjacent fully segmented hemivertebrae and with an average age of 4.6 years (ranging from 3 to 9 years), were enrolled. Whole standing spine radiographs were used to measure various parameters including the Cobb angle of the segmental curve and the compensatory curve, segmental kyphosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, trunk shift, sagittal vertical alignment, and T1-S1 length before surgery, after surgery, and at the latest follow-up evaluation. Additionally, the hemivertebral location, fused segment, operation time, and blood loss were assessed.
Results: All patients were followed up for a minimum of 2 years. On average, each patient had 2.6 fused segments and each hemivertebra had 1.3 fused segments. The segmental scoliosis measurement was 43.0° before surgery, 4.7° after surgery, and 7.8° at the latest follow-up evaluation. Segmental kyphosis measurements improved from 15.4° to 6.5°. The compensatory cranial and caudal curves were corrected by 86.7% and 83.5%, respectively. Trunk shift improved from 22.3 mm to 7.9 mm. The length of T1-S1 was 25.3 cm before surgery, 27.5 cm after surgery, and 34.7 cm at the latest follow-up evaluation. Two patients required revision surgery due to decompensation during the follow-up period.
Conclusions: “Skipping” posterior hemivertebra resection with short segmental fusion could provide satisfactory correction with limited fusion. However, decompensation may occur during follow-up. The prognosis of the discs between two fusion masses needs to be evaluated in the future.
Differences in clinical outcomes of bloodstream infections caused by Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Guedes Mariana , Gathara David , López-Hernández Inmaculada , Pérez-Crespo Pedro María Martínez , Pérez-Rodríguez María Teresa , Sousa Adrian , Plata Antonio , Reguera-Iglesias Jose María , Boix-Palop Lucía , Dietl Beatriz , Blanco Juan Sevilla , Castillo Carlos Armiñanzas , Galán-Sánchez Fátima , Kindelán Clara Natera , Jover-Saenz Alfredo , Aguirre Josune Goikoetxea , Alemán Ana Alemán , Ciordia Teresa Marrodán , Jiménez Alfonso Arco , Fernandez-Suarez Jonathan , Lopez-Cortes Luis Eduardo , Rodríguez-Baño Jesús , PROBAC/GEIRAS-SEIMC/SAMICEI group 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
K. aerogenes has been reclassified from Enterobacterto Klebsiella genus due to its phenotypic and genotypic similarities with K. pneumoniae. It is unclear if clinical outcomes are also more similar. This study aims to assess clinical outcomes of bloodstreams infections (BSI) caused by K. aerogenes, K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae, through secondary data analysis, nested in PRO-BAC cohort study.
Methods
Hospitalized patients between October 2016 and March 2017 with monomicrobial BSI due to K. aerogenes, K. pneumoniae or E. cloacae were included. Primary outcome was a composite clinical outcome including all-cause mortality or recurrence until 30 days follow-up. Secondary outcomes were fever ≥ 72 hours, persistent bacteraemia, and secondary device infection. Multilevel mixed-effect Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between microorganisms and outcome.

Results

Overall, 29 K. aerogenes, 77 E. cloacae and 337 K. pneumoniae BSI episodes were included. Mortality or recurrence was less frequent in K. aerogenes (6.9%) than in E. cloacae (20.8%) or K. pneumoniae (19.0%), but statistical difference was not observed (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.55; RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.10 to 1.71, respectively). Fever ≥ 72h and device infection were more common in K. aerogenes group. In the multivariate analysis, adjusted for confounders (age, sex, BSI source, hospital ward, Charlson score and active antibiotic therapy), the estimates and direction of effect were similar to crude results.

Conclusions

Results suggest that BSI caused by K. aerogenes may have a better prognosis than E. cloacae or K. pneumoniae BSI.
Appropriate method of opening and closing the dura during endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: A technical report focusing on dural incision designs that considers dural tenting and dural suturing
Authors: Amano Kosaku , Oda Yuichi , Kawamata Takakazu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Here, we aimed to present an effective dural incision design that considers subsequent dural tenting and suturing in endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). In 2011, we discontinued the conventional cruciate dural incision and changed the dural incision design to create a sufficiently large dural window and the shortest incision line to reduce the interdural gap after dural suturing simultaneously. Considering the type, size, direction of extension, uneven distribution, and anticipated resection degree of the tumour, we explored dural incisions of different shapes, including horizontal and vertical straight, T-, Y-, U-, and H-shaped ones. The large dural flaps were tented using 6 − 0 nylon. The edges of the dural flaps were gathered and routinely sutured at the end of the surgery to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage. The modified H-shaped incision design empirically reduced the interdural gap. Planar geometrical analysis showed that this was an appropriate dural incision design because it had the shortest incision line. Moreover, Y with an upside-down T-shaped incision was suitable for extended TSS, and sideways Y-shaped and straight incisions were suitable for cases in which a large window was unnecessary. The modified H-shaped dural incision is an optimal choice for effective dural flap tenting and suturing and should be routinely used in TSS.
Radiographic knee osteoarthritis severity has no impact on fall risk: The Locomotive Syndrome and Health Outcomes in the Aizu Cohort Study (LOHAS): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sonobe Tatsuru , Otani Koji , Sekiguchi Miho , Otoshi Kenichi , Nikaido Takuya , Sato Mari , Konno Shinichi , Matsumoto Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: To investigate factors that have an impact on the risk of falls and determine whether radiographic knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a factor involved in falls independent of knee pain, psychological factors, and physical function.
Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 1083 subjects for the 2009 Locomotive Syndrome and Health Outcomes in the Aizu Cohort Study (LOHAS). A logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between radiographic KOA and fall history.
Results: Fall history was significantly associated with the severity of knee pain. Compared to subjects with no knee pain, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.53 times higher in the subjects with mild knee pain (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–2.25), 1.69 times higher in those with moderate knee pain (95%CI: 1.03–2.79), and 2.98 times higher in those with severe knee pain (95%CI: 1.67–5.30). In subjects with depression, the OR was 1.91 (95%CI: 1.25–2.92), and in those with decreased mobility, the OR was 1.70 (95%CI: 1.08–2.69). Age, gender, knee crepitus, BMI, OLST, and sleeping pill use were not significantly associated with fall risk. In a multivariate analysis, radiographic KOA severity was not significantly associated with fall risk (OR 0.81, 95%CI 0.44–1.50 in mild OA ; OR 1.10, 95%CI 0.57–2.14 in severe OA).
Conclusion: Knee pain, decreased mobility, and depression, but not the radiographic KOA severity, were significantly associated with a fall risk. Regardless of the individual's radiographic KOA severity, the risk of falls may be reduced by treating his/her knee pain, mobility problems, and/or psychological factors.
Research on Remote Sensing Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on Res2Net and SANet
Authors: Zhang AiYuan , Lv Jingguo , Wang Chen , Zhang Chuandong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In remote sensing intelligent interpretation, the pivotal role of image segmentation is to enable precise delineation and analysis of ground objects. Addressing inherent challenges posed by the unique imaging angles and scopes in remote sensing imagery, this study introduces an advanced segmentation network leveraging Res2Net and SANet architectures. This innovative network adeptly extracts critical attributes of ground objects—such as size, shape, color, and texture—utilizing a sophisticated multi-level integration approach. This methodology ensures effective differentiation of various ground object types. Furthermore, the network integrates a novel channel weight distribution aligned with global features and an attention mechanism, optimizing the retention of pixel-level information and bolstering the capacity to capture essential details. Empirical validation across ten distinct ground object categories has established the algorithm's dominance in remote sensing image segmentation, marked by an impressive overall accuracy of 84.8%. This achievement underscores the practical applicability and efficiency of the proposed solution in the domain of remote sensing analysis.
Impact of Immobilization Stress on Erythropoiesis, Alterations in the Antioxidant System, and Potential Correction with Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in Rabbit
Authors: Karapetyan Hasmik , Barseghyan Ernestina , Karapetyan Anna , Adamyan Tsovinar , Avtandilyan Nikolay 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of immobilization stress as a risk factor for pathological processes, with a focus on erythropoiesis and oxidative stress. Additionally, the potential therapeutic effects of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in mitigating these stress-induced alterations are explored. Immobilization stress was induced for 30 days, and its effects on erythropoiesis and antioxidant systems were assessed. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni was administered to evaluate its potential for preventing and correcting the observed negative processes. Prolonged immobilization stress led to disruptions in erythropoiesis, manifested by a delay in proliferative and maturation processes and a moderate decrease in erythrocyte equilibrium. Concurrently, increased stress duration stimulated lipid peroxidation processes and inhibited antioxidant enzyme activity. The use of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni demonstrated significant positive effects on lipid peroxidation processes and restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes, particularly peroxidase and catalase. Immobilization stress adversely affects erythropoiesis and oxidative balance, contributing to pathological processes. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni emerges as a promising intervention, displaying the potential to attenuate the negative effects of immobilization stress through its positive influence on erythropoiesis and antioxidant mechanisms.
The distribution of the extrachromosomal DNA molecules in early lung cancer
Authors: Fang Jianfei , Ying Lisha , Ma Zhengxiao , Yang Ying , Zhu Rui , Su Dan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Lung cancer (LC) is a cancer with high mortality worldwide. Research on the distribution and nature of extrachromosomal DNA molecules (EcDNAm) in early LC is scarce.
Methods
After removing linear DNA and mitochondrial circular DNA, EcDNAm were extracted from two paired LC tissue samples and amplified using rolling circle amplification. High throughput extrachromosomal DNA or RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were used to explore the distribution and nature of the EcDNAm. To learn more about the role of oncogenes with large EcDNAm sizes, gene onology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed.
Results
RNA sequencing results revealed the significant difference in some genes between tumor and corresponding normal samples. At the same time, obvious distinctions were observed between relapsed and non-relapsed tumor samples. The nature of the EcDNAm was comparable between LC samples and matched normal samples. Compared with the matched normal samples, the number of EcDNAm with longer size (EcDNA), which contained driver oncogenes, was relatively high. The majority of EcDNA in this study was mainly focused on the tumor samples. Enrichment analysis of the cancer samples revealed enrichment in biological processes, such as positive regulation of protein localization, axon development and in utero embryonic development.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated the universality of the distribution and described the nature of EcDNAm in early LC. Moreover, our work fills the investigation of the EcDNAm gap and future studies should focus on the application of EcDNA as a potential biomarker in patients with early LC.
The complete chloroplast genome of the C. tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. and an adaptive evolutionary analysis of the ycf2 gene
Authors: Guo Xiaozhu , Jiang Yongqiang , Yang Shipeng , Sun Xuemei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Clematis. tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. is widely cultivated in Northwest China. The whole plant was called “Ye-Mang-Na-Bao” in traditional Tibetan medicine. In this study, Illumina sequencing technology was utilized to assemble and annotate the complete chloroplast genome sequences of it. The total length was 159, 584 bp, including four conserved regions: A pair of reverse repeat regions (IRa 31,042 bp and IRb 31,042 bp), a large single-copy region (79,515 bp), and a small single-copy region (17,985 bp). The genome had a total of 136 genes, with 16 presented in the reverse direction in the IR region. A total of 23 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in the coding and non-coding regions, most of which were biased toward A/T bases. A total of 15 SSRs were distributed in the non-coding regions. A comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome sequence of the C. tangutica (Maxim.) Krosh. and other species of the Ranunculaceae revealed that the chloroplast genome sequences of plants of the Ranunculaceae were highly conserved. Differences were observed in 13 gene loci in the coding region, with the degree of differentiation of the ycf2 gene being the most obvious. A phylogenetic analysis showed that Clematis glauca had the closest relationship with C. tangutica (Maxim.) Krosh., both members of the Clematis genus. Selective locus detection of the ycf2 gene in nine species of the Ranunculaceae was performed to explore adaptive evolution traits of the ycf2 gene in it. The results show that there are significant and extremely significant positive selection sites at the 103L, 352L, 356S, 362S, 363D, 366P, 368C, 369L, 374R, 376F, 377T and 382Q loci, respectively, indicating that the ycf2 gene has been subject to adaptive evolution.Insights from our assessment of the complete chloroplast genome sequences of C. tangutica (Maxim.) Krosh. will aid in the in-depth study of the evolutionary relationship of the Ranunculaceae and provide significant sequencing information for the genetic improvement of it.
Performance of Different Forest Plantation Sawmill Technologies in Uganda
Authors: Ngobi John , Kambugu Robert Kyeyune , Mugabi Paul , Banana Abwoli Yabezi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study determined timber volume and timber value recovery of different plantation sawmill technologies. Data were collected from four sawmills in three forest plantation clusters. A two-way ANOVA was used to test the difference in performance between sawmill technologies and the combined effect of sawmill type and log diameter on performance. Sawmill technology significantly (p < 0.05) affected timber volume recovery and value recovery. The medium band sawmill had both the highest volume recovery (43%) and value recovery (209,700 UGX/m3) whereas the mobile circular sawmill had both the lowest volume recovery (26%) and value recovery (90,000 UGX/m3). The interaction effect of sawmill technology and log diameter significantly (p < 0.05) affected timber volume and value recovery. Mean timber volume recovery of sampled sawmills was 32% while value recovery was 123,800 UGX/m3. Studies on effect of market demands and sawyer’s skills on volume, value and throughput and how they can be optimized to improve profitability and sustainability of the resource are recommended.
Tumor-associated neutrophils are a negative prognostic factor in luminal breast cancers lacking immunosuppressive macrophage recruitment
Authors: Schmidt Eva , Distel Luitpold , Erber Ramona , Büttner-Herold Maike , Rosahl Marie-Charlotte , Ott Oliver J. , Strnad Vratislav , Hack Carolin C. , Hartmann Arndt , Hecht Markus , Fietkau Rainer , Schnellhardt Sören 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) are important modulators of the tumor microenvironment with opposing functions which can promote and inhibit tumor progression. The prognostic role of TANs in the luminal breast cancer subtype is unclear.
Methods: A total of 144 patients were treated for early-stage hormone receptor positive breast cancer as part of an Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI) phase II trial. Resection samples from multiple locations were processed into tissue microarrays and sections thereof immunohistochemically stained for CD66b+ neutrophils. CD66b+ neutrophil density was measured separately in the stromal and intraepithelial compartment.
Results: High stromal and intraepithelial CD66b+ TAN density was a negative prognostic factor in central tumor samples. In addition, neutrophil density in adjacent normal breast tissue and lymph node samples also correlated with reduced disease-free survival. TAN density correlated with CD163+ M2-like tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) density, which we analyzed in a previous study. A combined analysis of TAM and TAN density revealed that TANs were only prognostically relevant in tumors with an elevated M1/M2 TAM ratio, while there was no impact on patient outcome in tumors with a low M1/M2 ratio.
Conclusions: In conclusion, numerous CD66b+ neutrophils in tumor tissue, normal breast tissue and lymph nodes are a negative prognostic factor in early-stage luminal breast cancer. TAN recruitment might act as a compensatory mechanism of immunoevasion and disease progression in tumors which are unable to sufficiently attract and polarize TAMs.