bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF AGEING ON THE TOTAL VOLUMES OF THE A AND B CELLS IN THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS OF THE RAT
Authors: Hellman Bo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In previous attempts to determine the total volumes of the A and the B cells in the islets of Langerhans, separately, no regard was paid to possible differences between the individual mean cell volumes of the two cell types. In the rat it is shown that considerable error results if this fact is neglected, since the mean individual volumes of the B cells were more than three times as large as those of the A cells.
By combining determinations of the total islet volume with point sampling, caryometry and differential cell counts, the separate total A and B cell volumes have been estimated in 40 rats of different ages: new-born, 5, 100 and 480 days old. While the B/A cell number ratio was significantly lower at birth than at 5 days, a comparison of the total volumes of the two cell types showed that their volume proportions were the same at both periods. This was explained by the changes in the cell number ratio being compensated by changes in the individual mean cell volume, the total volume ratio thus being unaltered.
The percentage volume contribution of the A cells was found to increase with age. In the new-born rats the volume was 11.28 percent compared with 13.57 percent in the oldest animals. An analysis of variance of all four age groups confirmed that real differences existed. On the other hand a statistically significant decrease, with age, in the relative volume of the B cells was noted. In new-born animals the value was 83.16 percent compared with 76.82 percent in 480 days old animals. The relative volume of the residual islet constituents (other than A and B cells) was proportionately most affected by increase in age, the percentage contribution to the total islet volume being almost doubled in 480 days old animals as compared with the two youngest age groups.
If both the total A and B cell volumes were expressed in relation to body, liver and pancreatic weights, the quotients became greatly reduced with advancing age. An exception occurred in the 480 days old animals, in which the quotients were in all cases significantly higher than in the 100 days old rats.
The increase in body surface area reflected the changes in the total volumes of both A and B cells in relation to ageing considerably better than did the organ and body weights. In this case too, however, the quotient for 480 days old animals was significantly higher than in the next youngest age group.
Correlation calculations, made on each individual age group, showed that a strongly positive correlation existed between the total A and cell volumes, particularly in the youngest animals. On the other hand, in no age group was there a correlation between the total volumes of either of the two cell types and the pancreatic weight.
EFFECT OF HIGHLY PURIFIED ARGININE-AND LYSINE-VASOPRESSIN ON URINARY EXCRETION OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN HYDRATED RATS
Authors: Thorn Niels A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Highly purified arginine- and lysine-vasopressin injected in physiological antidiuretic doses i. v. into hydrated rats had no effect on renal excretion of sodium or potassium.
EFFETS COMPARÉS DE LA CORTICOTROPHINE ET DE L'ADRÉNALINE SUR LA GLYCOLYSE ET LA RESPIRATION DE L'UTÉRUS DE RAT
Authors: Matray François , Gautheron Danièle 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of adrenaline or corticotrophin (ACTH) injections 45–50 minutes before autopsy, have been compared on the metabolism of the isolated uterus from mature rats < 100 g, or ovariectomized adults and immature rats pretreated with oestradiol. According to the incubation medium of the uterus, the observed effects differ.
While adrenaline causes a decrease of the Qo2 of the uterus in every studied case, whether the medium contains an added substrate or not, ACTH never diminishes the oxygen uptake of the uterus; moreover, an increase of the respiration of the uterus is observed after ACTH injections, when the rats have been pretreated with oestradiol (immature or castrates) and only when the incubation medium contains glucose (2 mg/ml); one observes a synergism between the action of oestrogens and the pituitary-adrenocortical system.
The effects of ACTH and adrenaline on glycolysis are always different. ACTH does not alter the anaerobic glycolysis, while adrenaline decreases it (—25 %). Adrenaline increases the lactic acid present in the muscle at the moment of the death of the rat, and decreases the aerobic glycolysis (Krebs-Ringer phosphate with or without added glucose, Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate without glucose) except if the incubation medium is a Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate with glucose; then the glycolysis is unchanged.
ACTH does not change the lactic acid present in the uterus when the animal is killed. When incubated in a Krebs-Ringer phosphate, uteri of ACTH treated rats have a significant glycolysis; if glucose is added to the medium the glycolysis in uteri of oestradiol pretreated immature rats is increased by 30 % under the influence of ACTH injections. But, when the uteri are incubated in a Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium, ACTH has no effect on the aerobic glycolysis, if no glucose is added, but diminishes it when glucose is added to the medium.
Adrenaline injections enhance the output of lactic acid from the muscle.
BEFUNDE AM GENITALTRAKTUS DER RATTE NACH CORTICOTROPIN-INJECTION UND IHRE DEUTUNG UNTER BERÜCKSICHTIGUNG DES ZELLBILDES DER ADENOHYPOPHYSE
Authors: Schätzle Walter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In normal adult female rats a single injection of 5 IU corticotrophin was followed by a retention of glucoproteid material in the anterior lobe of the hypophysis and by impairment of the luteinization. In spayed adult female rats the same corticotrophin administration caused stratification and mucification of the vaginal epithelium.
OESTROGENIC ACTIVITY AT MENOPAUSAL AGE IN WOMEN WITH DIABETES MELLITUS (»DIABÈTE GRAS«)
Authors: Bruinsma A. H. , de Waard F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A cytological investigation has been made into the occurrence of oestrogenic effects in female diabetic patients of menopausal age. A significant difference from a control group in the frequency of oestrogenic smears has been found. This difference is attributed to the diabetic patients with obesity and/or hypertension. The signs of oestrus are shown to be probably of adrenal origin. The possible significance of this with regard to the hereditary and environmental aspects of endometrial cancer is discussed.
HORMONAL-CYCLIC CHANGES IN RATS UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS AND UNDER STRESS AS REVEALED BY VAGINAL SMEARS AFTER SHORR STAINING
Authors: Grönroos Matti , Kauppila Olavi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By examining vaginal smears after fixing in ether-ethanol and Shorr staining, the authors have followed the variations in the relative proportions of cells from different layers of the vaginal epithelium, cytolysis, clumping and curling of the edges of the superficial cells, and the occurrence of mucus and leucocytes in the smears during the normal oestrous cycle in 14 rats. All these factors were observed to undergo periodic variations.
Vaginal smears were also examined to determine the effect of stress on the hormonal equilibrium of the rat. Disturbances were noted in the oestrous cycles of all rats in the stress group. One to three oestrous cycles occurred in each rat during the first two weeks of the stress period. Even in these, the layer index for superficial cells did not rise to the level during normal oestrus. A persistent dioestrous state was established or only a slight temporary rise in the layer index of the vaginal smear occurred during the last two weeks of the four-week stress period.
URINARY GONADOTROPHINS IN NORMAL MEN
Authors: Brown P. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Gonadotrophins extracted by the kaolin-acetone method from the urine of 11 men were assayed as FSH and as total gonadotrophin. The results were similar whether the extracts were assayed against HMG20A (Organon) or a sub-standard. Dependence of variance on response in both assays was corrected by a logarithmic transformation of response data. The assays were precise and some characteristics are given. The urinary gonadotrophins ranged from 2.6 to 33 mg equivalents of HMG20A per day, and were similar when measured by either assay. There was greater variation between subjects than between repeated estimates over long periods in the same subjects. No qualitative nor quantitative changes due to diurnal variation nor sexual activity were detected. Day-to-day variation was studied in one subject. No evidence was obtained that the ratio of FSH to ICSH differed in any of the extracts obtained from normal men, nor that these differed qualitatively from HMG20A. This contrasts with previous findings in normal women.
INFLUENCE OF D-THYROXINE AND L-THYROXINE ON THE BASOPHIL COUNT IN HUMAN BLOOD
Authors: Boseila A.-W. A. , Moltke E. , Thorsøe H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In five healthy adult human male volunteers, treatment with D-thyroxine was followed by an increase in the number of circulating basophil leucocytes. There was no significant changes in the number of circulating eosinophils or the total leucocyte count, and the serum-PBI did not rise significantly. L-Thyroxine, on the other hand, only caused slight changes in the basophil count and a significant rise in serum PBI.
It is possible that the basophil leucocytes may be controlled by a balanced action of circulating thyrotrophic and thyroid hormones.
STUDIES ON THE PERIPHERAL DISAPPEARANCE OF THYROID HORMONE
Authors: Kassenaar A. , Lameyer L. D. F. , Querido A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroidectomized, l-thyroxine maintained rats excreted a larger percentage of a test dose of 131I labeled thyroxine into the faeces when the animals were kept at a room temperature of 4° C than at 32° C. This was parallelled by an increased excretion of 131I into the urine, and a decreased level of 131I in the bloodplasma. The conclusion is reached, that the increased demand for thyroid hormones of rats kept in a cold environment, is due to an increased peripheral metabolism of these hormones.
CORTICOID PRODUCTION IN VITRO AS A TEST OF ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN RATS
Authors: van der Vies J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Adrenal function in rats under various experimental conditions was studied by incubating the adrenals in vitro and determining the corticosteroid output during one hour.
This in vitro corticoid production was reduced after hypophysectomy, hypothalamus-lesioning and treatment with hydrocortisone or with Nembutal and morphine. On the other hand, an increased production was observed following stimulation of the pituitary-adrenal system by exogenous histamine or corticotrophin.
From these experiments it is concluded that the corticoid production in vitro reflects the activity of the adrenal cortex in vivo and hence can be used for the study of the latter function.
PREGNANCY MAINTENANCE AND THE INHIBITION OF PARTURITION IN RATS WITH 17α-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE ESTERS: THE ROLE OF OESTROGENIC AND ANDROGENIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Stucki J. C. , Forbes A. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
17α-Hydroxyprogesterone acetate (AP) and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (HPC) were found to be incapable of maintaining pregnancy in ovariectomized rats when administered alone, even if administration of the drugs was started several days prior to surgery. Further studies with AP demonstrated that it could maintain pregnancy in the castrate rat when oestrone or testosterone propionate (TP) were concomitantly administered. The addition of TP to a regimen of concomitant AP and oestrone did not result in further improvement in the quality of pregnancy maintenance. TP and oestrone alone or together were incapable of maintaining pregnancy. Parturition could be delayed or prevented in intact rats with either progesterone or TP when administration of the steroids was started 3 days before the date of expected delivery. HPC and AP alone or with oestrone, and oestrone alone did not delay parturition when administration was begun late in pregnancy. Parturition was prevented when administration of AP was begun at least 11 days before expected delivery.
THE EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON THE OESTROGEN EFFECT IN THE BODY AS MEASURED BY THE VAGINAL SMEAR TECHNIQUE IN METASTASIZING MAMMARY CANCER
Authors: Hiisi-Brummer Leila , Hortling H. , Malmio K. , af Björkesten G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effective level of oestrogen in the body is followed by means of serial vaginal smears, stained according to Papanicolaou (1942) before and after hypophysectomy. This was done in 50 patients suffering from metastasizing mammary cancer. In 32 cases a positive oestrogen effect was apparent before the operation. 2–3 weeks after the operation, a decrease in the oestrogen effect was observed in 8 cases and two months after hypophysectomy, in 20 cases. The decrease was observed even later in one case.
The oestrogen effect that had disappeared after hypophysectomy reappeared in 5 cases and at a time when the cancer disease showed a relapse. When a comparison was made between the effect of the hypophysectomy on the oestrogens and on the thyroid function as measured by the basal metabolic rate and the serum protein-bound iodine, it was found that the thyroid function was reduced earlier than the oestrogens.
In 14 cases, both the oestrogen effect and the thyroid function were depressed. This was thought to indicate that the pituitary function was completely or virtually abolished, at least when compared with other cases in whom both these parameters did not follow a similar course. A favourable clinical effect was seen in 6 of these 14 cases, whereas no effect on the clinical course was observed in the other 8 cases.
IN VITRO UPTAKE OF 131I LABELLED L-TRIIODOTHYRONINE BY HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Friis Thorkild 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The uptake of 131I labelled l-triiodothyronine by erythrocytes was studied in 139 patients in the presence of equal parts of homologous serum.
In 54 normal subjects the uptake was found to range from 6 to 10.5 per cent of the added activity, while 3 subjects (5.6 per cent) showed values from 10.5 to 12.2 per cent.
Out of 16 hyperthyroid patients 14 (87.5 per cent) had elevated values. There was a distinct relationship between the severity of thyrotoxicosis and the extent of the uptake.
Out of 8 hypothyroid patients 4 (50 per cent) had reduced uptake.
Among 12 pregnant women uptake was reduced in 10 and among 8 patients on stilboestrol medication it was reduced in 8. Three out of 7 patients with long-standing hepatitis showed reduced erythrocyte uptake.
With one exception the uptake was normal in 13 patients with non-toxic goitre, in 8 euthyroid thyroidectomized patients, in 4 euthyroid patients treated with desiccated thyroid, in 6 euthyroid hypermetabolic and in 3 euthyroid hypometabolic patients.
APPLICATION DE LA DOUBLE ÉPREUVE D'HYPERGLYCÉMIE INTRAVEINEUSE À L'ÉTUDE DU DIABÈTE
Authors: Rodari T. , Specchia G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The double intravenous glucose tolerance test does not modify the assimilation coefficient in normal and thin diabetic subjects.
On the contrary, in fat diabetic subjects the second coefficient of assimilation increases significantly, but not the first one.
From these researches it is evident that the valuation of glucose assimilation by double venous hyperglycaemic test indicates the functional behaviour of the pancreas in different diabetic states.
The interpretation of this behaviour of pancreatic islet response to the double venous hyperglycaemic test is discussed.
ALDOSTERONE METABOLISM IN LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Hurter Rona , Nabarro J. D. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Aldosterone secretion rates have been measured in six patients with cirrhosis of the liver using 16–3H aldosterone. The proportion of administered radioactivity excreted as pH 1 extractable conjugates and as a glucuronide has also been determined.
On unrestricted diets the aldosterone secretion rates were 19, 85 and 94 μg/day in three patients with ascites and oedema, and 140, 170 and 386 μg/day in three without fluid retention. Five of these patients were restudied after at least seven days on a low sodium diet (20 – 30 meq./day) and slight increases of secretion rate observed. The levels obtained were much lower than those previously reported for normal subjects on a low sodium diet. One patient was studied on a subsequent occasion after a haematemesis (urine sodium 1 meq./day), the secretion rate was 1130 μg/day.
The proportion of administered radioactivity excreted as glucuronide was below normal in at least one determination on four of the six patients and there was an increase of the proportion excreted as pH 1 extractable conjugates.
There was a striking variation of the proportion of radioactivity excreted as pH 1 extractable conjugates. One patient was studied on five occasions and the range was from 6.0 to 25.2 % of the administered radioactivity. This suggests that in patients with cirrhosis of the liver the urinary pH 1 extractable aldosterone may have a variable relationship to the actual secretion rate.
LA RÉGULATION OVARIENNE DU GLYCOGÈNE ET DES LIPIDES UTÉRINS CHEZ LA LAPINE
Authors: Vaes Gilbert , van Ypersele Charles 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The authors studied the topographic distribution and the hormonal regulation of glycogen and lipids in the uterus of adult spayed rabbits treated with oestradiol and progesterone following histochemical and biochemical methods.
The glycogen is localised, on the one hand, in the muscular cells of the arteriolar circumference and in the perivascular conjunctival sheaths of the endometrium, and, on the other hand, in the myometrium, where it is specially found in the interior, circular, muscular layer. This deposition of glycogen is provoked by oestradiol but is inhibited by progesterone. The uterus of spayed rabbits untreated or treated with progesterone contain only traces of glycogen and this only at the myometric level. The lipids, which are absent in the uterus of spayed animals, make their apparition in the fibroblastic cells of the chorion just underlying the endometrial epithelium under the action of oestradiol. They disappear when progesterone is given along with oestradiol. Whereas when progesterone is given after a previous treatment by oestradiol, it produces small deposits of lipids in the basal part of the epithelial cells of the »uterine lace«. When progesterone alone is given, it produces no effect. The hepatic accumulation of glycogen and the fasted blood sugar are not affected by our doses of oestradiol and progesterone. There was no apparent parallelism observed between the hepatic glycogenopoiesis and the uterine glycogenopoiesis. The uterine growth in spayed rabbits after an administration of progesterone (0.33 mg/kg. day for 6 consecutive days), without a previous activation by oestradiol, is discussed and is attributed to a direct effect of the progesterone on the uterus.
* Aspirant du Fonds National de Belge de la Recherche Scientifique. Adresse actuelle: Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, and Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston 15, Mass., U. S. A.
THE GROWTH RESPONSES OF MAMMARY GLANDS AND OTHER TISSUES IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED FEMALE RATS TREATED WITH THYROXINE, INSULIN, CORTISONE, AND PREGNANT MARE SERUM GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Donovan B. T. , Jacobsohn Dora 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The reaction of the mammary gland of the hypophysectomized rat to endogenous ovarian hormones produced under the influence of serum gonadotrophin (PMS) was studied and the effect of treatment with insulin, thyroxine, and cortisone in various combinations on the reaction examined. Changes in body weight, body length, weight of liver, and weight of heart ventricles were also followed. In hypophysectomized rats treated with PMS alone (group 1) the ovarian weight increased approximately tenfold and the hormones secreted caused vaginal cornification. Mammary growth was absent. With PMS, thyroxine and cortisone (group 2) the ovaries reacted as with PMS alone and vaginal cornification was again observed. Growth of end buds occurred in the mammary glands. The weight of the heart ventricles increased. With PMS, insulin and cortisone (group 3) ovarian weight and function was similar to that in the previous groups but the effect on the mammary gland was greater in that the size was increased, there were numerous side buds and end buds, and a few alveolar lobules. Body and liver weight was also increased. With PMS, thyroxine, insulin and cortisone (group 4) the effect on the ovaries and mammary glands was qualitatively similar to that seen in group 3 but ovarian weight was lower, and mammary growth more extensive. The rats grew in length, increased in weight, and the weight of the liver and heart ventricles was close to that of control animals. The above results support the view that the growth of the mammary gland is dependent upon the metabolic state of the individual.
ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF CIRCUMSCRIBED MYXOEDEMA
Authors: Asboe-Hansen G. , Wegelius Otto 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Twenty-one cases of circumscribed myxoedema of the legs have been analyzed clinically and histologically and the results evaluated on the basis of previous animal experiments on thyrotrophin influence on connective tissue.
In a thyrotrophin stimulated organism, e. g. a thyrotoxic patient treated with thyroidectomy, internal or external radiation of the thyroid gland, or anti-thyroid drugs, an oedema due to venous stasis brings about a release of excessive amounts of hyaluronic acid from the mast cells. A binding of the oedema water follows, and the result is a mucinous oedema or a myx-oedema, which persists as long as the hormonal influence persists.
THE BINDING OF L-TRIIODOTHYRONINE TO PLASMA PROTEINS
Authors: Christensen L. Korsgaard 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
It is known from paper electrophoresis experiments that triiodothyronine is bound to plasma proteins with considerably less affinity than is thyroxine. By a dialysis procedure it has been demonstrated that the percentage of the total free plasma triiodothyronine, i. e., triiodothyronine not bound to protein, is about fifteen times the corresponding percentage of free thyroxine.
A TEST FOR ANTI-ANDROGENS
Authors: Dorfman Ralph I. , Dorfman Adeline S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A test for anti-androgenic activity of steroid and non-steroid compounds is suggested. The method consists in the stimulation of the chick's comb by orally administered testosterone and administering the test material either by direct inunction or by subcutaneous injection. The progestationally active steroids progesterone, 17-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone and 17-ethynyltestosterone exhibited the most consistent anti-androgenic activity. Certain corticoids, oestradiol-17β, benzpyrene, and methylcholanthrene were active as anti-androgens under the conditions of the test.