bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards A Critique of Managerialism: the Contribution of Simone Weil*
Authors: Grey Christopher 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper seeks to make a contribution to the critical literature on management and, more particularly, to the critique of managerialism. This is achieved via a consideration of the hitherto neglected writing of Simone Weil (1909–43) on management, work and organizations. Following an introduction to this work, attention is focused on Weil's notion of oppression, and detailed consideration is given to the conceptualization of management as a form of oppression. the bulk of the paper elaborates the significance of Weil's work for the critique of contemporary forms of managerialism. In particular, the development of new forms of managerial expertise, and the phenomenon of self‐management, are analysed as forms of oppression. It is suggested that Weil offers the basis of a non‐relativist post‐Marxist form of ethically grounded critique in the field of management studies.
THE FINANCIAL BEHAVIOUR OF CANADIAN PRIVATE CORPORATIONS AND GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISE: A FLOW OF FUNDS ANALYSIS
Authors: Brox James A. , Maclean Wendy A. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper examines and compares the portfolio behaviour of Canadian non‐financial government and private enterprises. The greatest difference observed is the relatively small size and yet more active management of the government enterprise asset portfolio. In comparing our model of the private Canadian corporate sector with that of the US, we find the main difference to be a Canadian preference for borrowing rather than equity issue. This preference almost certainly reflects the high level of foreign ownership of Canadian resident corporations.
OPTIMUM SAVINGS UNDER REPRESSED INFLATION
Authors: Bennett John 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTIt is often argued that centrally planned economies have suffered from repressed inflation over long periods. We consider how the Keynes‐Ramsey rule for optimum savings can be modified for such an economy. The rule that is obtained in effect incorporates the repercussions that are associated with the supply multiplier in short‐term analyses of repressed inflation.
INEQUALITY AND WELFARE IN EEC COUNTRIES *
Authors: Tsakloglou Panos 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTInequality and welfare comparisons are performed using simple and generalized Lorenz curves and a number of ranking criteria suggested by Shorrocks and Foster, Dardanoni and Lambert, and Davis and Hoy, on Family Expenditure Survey data of nine EEC countries. The highest levels of inequality are observed in Italy and Greece and the lowest in Denmark, Belgium and France, whereas welfare is found to be relatively low in Greece and Ireland and relatively high in Belgium and France.
ON THE PRICE AND STRUCTURAL EFFICIENCY IN FARRELL'S MODEL
Authors: Sengupta Jati K. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe paper develops a mean variance model to characterize the price efficiency at the firm level in Farrell's model and shows how risk aversion may affect this measure. Problems of estimating the structural efficiency at the industry level are also discussed and it is shown that this involves a comparison between efficiency distributions of two or more industries. Two empirical applications for the two efficiency measures are also discussed.
THE DETERMINANTS OF COMMERCIAL PROPERTY PRICES AND RENTS
Authors: Dobson S. M. , Goddard J. A. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper develops a theoretical model of price and rent determination in the commercial property market. Prices and rents are assumed to adjust to ensure market clearing. A series of theoretical relationships are derived between prices and rents and a number of exogenous variables. These are then subjected to empirical testing for three types of property: industrial property, shops and offices. The results indicate employment is an important influence on price, especially for industrial property. In most cases, price and rent are also found to be sensitive to interest rates and residential property values.
EQUILIBRIA IN NON‐COOPERATIVE GAMES I: PERTURBATIONS BASED REFINEMENTS OF NASH EQUILIBRIUM
Authors: Sadanand Asha B. , Sadanand Venkatraman 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe concept of Nash equilibrium is widely used to analyse non‐cooperative games. However, one of the problems with that concept is that many games have multiple equilibria. Recent work has concentrated on reducing or refining the set of Nash equilibria in some games. In this paper, we survey some equilibrium concepts based on perturbations of strategies that refine the set of Nash equilibria. We discuss the pros and cons of each concept and its relationship to the others by the use of numerous examples and intuition. It is hoped that this survey will enable the economist to consider the relevance of a particular equilibrium concept to a given economic model of interest. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: C72.
ENGLE AND YOO THREE STEP ESTIMATION OF CONSUMERS' EXPENDITURE AND HOUSING EQUITY WITHDRAWAL
Authors: Patterson Kerry D. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper reports a substantive application of Engle and Yoo's three‐step estimator for cointegrated systems. Their estimator was proposed as a computationally convenient alternative to a number of FIML systems estimators. In part this estimator was developed to overcome some drawbacks of the OLS estimator of the first stage Engle‐Granger cointegrating regression which, despite its widespread use, is not asymptotically efficient and does not provide (even) asympototically correct ‘t’ statistics. Our application, which is of interest in its own right, is to an explanation of expenditure on nondurables and services in the UK. In formulating an empirical explanation for this variable we find it necessary to extend our framework to consider a system of dynamic error correction equations with feedbacks — or error correction mechanisms — from consumption and housing equity withdrawal.
A BUFFER STOCK MODEL OF THE DEMAND FOR MONEY BY THE PERSONAL SECTOR
Authors: Mizen Paul 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the forward‐looking rational expectations buffer stock model of Cuthbertson and Taylor (1987) in the context of the personal sector of the UK. The buffer stock model is evaluated for both narrow and broad money definitions in the UK using the encompassing the VAR methodology of Mizon (1984). This suggests that the buffer stock model is a congruent model, and that the broad definition is the most appropriate aggregate with which to model buffering behaviour — in line with previous studies, Mizen (1992). Further analysis of the models, in the light of Hendry (1988), confirms this view.
LEARNING‐BY‐DOING AND ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION IN A MODEL OF MONOPOLY REGULATION*
Authors: Wright Donald J. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper combines learning‐by‐doing and asymmetric information in a model of monopoly regulation with and without foreign competition. The principal source of the information asymmetry is unobservable firm effort in the learning process, although unobservable costs are also considered. The major result is that a post‐learning all‐or‐nothing output‐contingent lump‐sum subsidy can achieve the regulator's complete information welfare maximum. With foreign competition this model can best be thought of as one involving infant industry regulation.
MULTIVARIATE COINTEGRATION APPROACH TO THE DETERMINATION OF RESERVES AND BANK CREDIT: A CASE STUDY OF TURKEY*
Authors: Civcir Irfan , Parikh Ashok 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe paper estimates both long‐run reserves and long‐run money demand equations using the multivariate cointegration approach. An economic model is constructed, based on the monetary approach to balance of payments in which the monetary authorities can control money supply through changes in bank credit. The vector auto‐regressive methodology is used to derive latent equilibrium relationships, and the short‐run error correction equations are estimated for both nominal money stock and reserves. A response function for the short‐run changes in bank credit is developed. Given the institutional system and slow adjustments, a response function of changes in bank credit to lagged changes in reserves performs well for the period 1960–88.
MEASUREMENT OF CAPACITY UTILIZATION FOR REVENUE‐MAXIMIZING FIRMS*
Authors: Segerson Kathleen , Squires Dale 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTA dual measure of capacity utilization is developed for multiproduct, revenue‐maximizing firms. Under the assumption of revenue maximization, the sensitivity of CU to a change in an individual product price is shown to be directly related to the product‐specific scale elasticity. The results are given a simple graphical interpretation.
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UK TREASURY BILLS AND THE TERM STRUCTURE OF CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT*
Authors: Fraser Patricia 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTUsing principal components analysis, this paper derives a direct measure of movements in the level and slope of the certificate of deposit yield curve. Appealing to the efficient markets view of the term structure of interest rates, evidence is reported which suggests that changes in Treasury Bill yields have a considerable influence over changes in the level of CD yields but only have a small, transitory effect on the slope of the term structure of CDs.
CONSUMER'S SURPLUS: SIMPLE SOLUTIONS TO AN OLD PROBLEM
Authors: Ebert Udo 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe paper presents a concise account of recent results on the axiomatization of various welfare measures. Following the introduction and discussion of some elementary properties that a welfare measure should satisfy, valid measures are derived. In particular, the Hicksian equivalent and compensating variation and a measure based on the money metric are characterized.
DO SMALL FIRMS' PRICE‐COST MARGINS FOLLOW THOSE OF LARGE FIRMS?
Authors: Prince Yvonne M. , Thurik A. Roy 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe paper investigates the extent to which small firms' price‐cost margins follow those of large firms. A two‐equation model is used with data for 36 Dutch three‐digit manufacturing industries over the period 1975–86. The effects of market structure characteristics are also examined. The main result is that small firms (10‐50 employees) appear to have the freedom to set prices above cost independently of larger firms in the same industry.
UPWARD‐SLOPING REACTION FUNCTIONS UNDER QUANTITY COMPETITION IN MIXED OLIGOPOLIES*
Authors: Delbono Flavio , Scarpa Carlo 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTIt is shown that in a mixed duopoly under quantity competition, the public firm's reaction function may be upward‐sloping. This is the case with a concave demand function when the public firm attaches to private profits a smaller weight than to its own profits.
ON THE INTERPRETATION OF COVARIATE ESTIMATES IN INDEPENDENT COMPETING‐RISKS MODELS*
Authors: Thomas Jonathan M. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTCompeting‐risks models are becoming increasingly pervasive in applied research to explain the factors determining both the time in a state (i.e. unemployment) and the exit route from the state (is. leaving unemployment for a job or non‐participation). However, as in many limited dependent variable models, the interpretation of the covariate estimates requires care. Despite assertions to the contrary in many published papers, it is shown that the estimated qualitative effect of a covariate on the hazard for risk j typically conveys no information on its qualitative effect on either the likelihood of, or expected time until, exit via j. This is because such magnitudes depend on the qualitative and quantitative effects of the covariate on other risks which cannot be ignored. The point is demonstrated by using UK data on the unemployment to re‐employment transitions of a sample of male job losers.
UNCERTAIN INCOME, UNCERTAIN TAXES AND RICARDIAN EQUIVALENCE*
Authors: Hansen Paul 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTL. K. C. Chan (1983) and R. B. Barsky et al. (1986) have demonstrated that a tax cut financed by bonds to be repaid from proportional income taxes on uncertain future income, by reducing the latter's riskiness, stimulates current consumption ‐ Ricardian equivalence does not hold. However, their two‐period models exclude the possibility that future taxes are uncertain. In this paper a three‐period model is developed that, by allowing the government two periods in which to collect taxes, introduces ex ante tax rate uncertainty. This renders the result concerning Ricardian equivalence ambiguous. By comparison, taxes levied as lump sums and via a ‘lottery’ respectively produce the ‘usual’ effects (zero and negative) on consumption.
ON SOCIAL LEARNING AND ROBUST EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM DESIGN IN THE COURNOT OLIGOPOLY GAME
Authors: Alkemade Floortje , La Poutré Han , Amman Hans M. 
Published: May 2007

Agent‐based computational economics (ACE) combines elements from economics and computer science. In this article, the focus is on the relation between the evolutionary technique that is used and the economic problem that is modeled. In the field of ACE, economic simulations often derive parameter settings for the genetic algorithm directly from the values of the economic model parameters.This article compares two important approaches that are dominating in ACE and shows that the above practice may hinder the performance of the genetic algorithm and thereby hinder agent learning. More specifically, it is shown that economic model parameters and evolutionary algorithm parameters should be treated separately by comparing the two widely used approaches to social learning with respect to their convergence properties and robustness. This leads to new considerations for the methodological aspects of evolutionary algorithm design within the field of ACE.
Communication networks in R & D Laboratories
Authors: Allen Thomas J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCommunication networks in R & D laboratories are shown to have structural characteristics, which when properly understood can be employed to more effectively maintain the laboratories' personnel abreast of technological developments. Informal relations and physical location are shown to be important determinants of this structure. Informal relations can be developed through formation of project teams and intergroup transfers and loans. The effect of physical location on communications is especially strong and should be given serious consideration when designing research facilities.
Analytical Instrument R&D Management
Authors: Bergen S. A. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract. The paper describes briefly some of the problems faced in the management of R&D in the British Scientific Instrument Industry and an opportunity of re‐organization following the merger of several small companies.The reasons for a hybrid rather than a project orientated or functional organization are given, with special reference to economies of standardization and flexibility of resources resulting from size. The method of resource allocation and project control is outlined and some qualitative conclusions on the results of this approach are drawn.
Entrepreneurship, technology, and the university
Authors: Lamont L. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn recent years, the small technology‐based enterprise ('spin‐off') has had a significant impact on regional economic development. As a source of new technology and entrepreneurs, the university has made an important contribution to the formation of new enterprises.This article focuses on the role of the university as an incubator organization and the special problems of academic entrepreneurs and their firms. Guidelines are given to improve the academic entrepreneur's corporate performance and suggestions are offered to enable the university to facilitate the entrepreneurship process. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the future prospects for academic entrepreneurship.
The effect of individual roles on performance in innovative groups*
Authors: Farris George F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractInnovative performance of groups of scientists was related to performance of ‘colleague roles', utilizing a model of organizational decision making proposed by Farris (1971). In more innovative groups, supervisors were named less often by group members as useful for original ideas, but more often for providing critical evaluation. Members of more innovative groups named one another more often as useful for providing technical information and help in thinking about technical problems. Organizational information was available from fewer sources inside or outside the more innovative groups. Supervisors of more innovative groups named more outside sources as useful to them for original ideas. These trends are very consistent with Maier's (1967) emphasis on the leader's ‘integrative function’ in group problem solving.
Brainstorming in an R & D environment (1969–72)
Authors: Rickards T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBrainstorming is a term for a number of procedures for group idea‐generation and progression which are based on the principle of separating the creative (idea‐generation) stages of problem‐solving from the evaluation stages. Misunderstanding regarding the separated evaluation stage has led to incorrect criticism of the technique. A brainstorming service was maintained within an R & D environment over the period 1969–72. Thirty exercises were held and approximately half of a sample (of twenty clients) considered the procedures to have been of some use. A small number of patents were obtained. The procedures are illustrated through a description of an exercise with a group seeking new ideas for diversification. Several sub‐routines were included, both to maintain interest, and to vary the level of speculation within the group. Brainstorming can be complemented by other techniques such as Lateral Thinking, Synectics and Morphological Analysis. A definite assessment of the methodology cannot be made, although general arguments for such group techniques can be proposed. A system of careful monitoring is suggested which will permit improved evaluation and development of the technique.
U.S. industrial intracorporate entrepreneurship practices
Authors: Susbauer J. C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article reports the intracorporate entrepreneurial program (ICEP) practices, or‘venture management’ activities, of 210 American industrial firms. The survey reveals a growing concern among US. industrial enterprises about increasing competition and outlines a viable action‐oriented response to these competitive pressures. Motives for creating long‐term resource commitments to the creation of new product ventures and new technology divisions in existing companies are explored. A preliminary assessment is made of the effect of such programs on the human resources and performance measures of the organization. A cautious optimism for the successful continued growth of such programs is argued.
The underestimation of project duration: a compensating graphic technique
Authors: Milliken J. Gordon 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis note augments recent comments in this journal relating to the tendency for schedulers of R & D to consistently underestimate the time needed for project completion. One author postulated the existence of psychological time‐horizons, varying by individual, as the determinant of the degree of underestimation. A little‐known graphic technique, the program trend chart, appears to provide an empirical means of compensating for the individual tendency toward underestimation of project duration. The technique may also provide a basis for measurement of an individual's time‐horizon, through observation of the variation between actual and predicted completion dates.
Value noncomplementarity and organizational commitment of engineers*
Authors: Barth R. T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBased on data obtained from 358 engineering professionals, this study first identifies a set of ten work‐related value dimensions relevant and important to engineers. For each of these dimensions, the relationship between the perception of unfulfilment (noncomplementarity) and commitment to the organization is then examined, along with the influence of several professional and organizational socialization variables. It was hypothesized and found, for each of the ten value dimensions, that perceived value incongruence is negatively related to organizational commitment. This relationship was strongest for technical values, collegial growth values, science values, and personal‐interaction values. It was further found that the effects of the socialization variables on this relationship were relatively unimportant. Some implications of these results are discussed.
Institutional roles in technology transfer: a diagnosis of the situation in one small country
Authors: Allen T. J. , Cooney S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe findings of this survey indicate that in fostering international transfer of technology much can be done to influence the development of inter‐personal and inter‐organizational contacts. This is not in itself a complete answer to international technology transfer, but this study suggests that it is an important, though much neglected area, which should be a central concern in science policy.A survey was conducted in 1970 and 1971 of the communication patterns of more than 1,200 research and development scientists and engineers working in Ireland. Techniques previously used in studying individual firms were adapted to suit the conditions within the country.
A probabilistic model of time‐dependent factors governing the acceptance of innovative ideas by industry
Authors: Morphet C. S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA framework is presented within which can be analysed the timeliness factor that partially governs the receptivity to innovative technical ideas of industrial organizations. A partial analysis is performed within this framework. This suggests certain conclusions which might assist in the marketing of by‐product or ‘spin‐off’ technical ideas.
Optimal development budgets tied to the marketing mix
Authors: Boyer André , Palda Kristian S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to forge a link between optimal levels of the three principal marketing mix instruments—price, promotion and product quality—and the development expenditures devoted to the quality improvement of a firm's existing product. Using the latest operational marketing mix model which prescribes quantitatively what the optimal quality of a brand should be, a simple function relating this optimal quality to desirable development outlays is suggested and some of its implications are explored.
Measurement of bias in project durations
Authors: Kidd J. B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA note by Milliken (1973) suggests the usage of programme trend charts will help managers estimate the total duration of the project slippage. Whilst his sample graphs are informative they are of little use in evaluating two aspects of the problem:(a) The uncertainty inherent in the project–known to the Shop Floor, but unknown to the management.(b) The expected completion date–until sufficient data has been collected to yield reliable regression extrapolations.It is postulated that the assessment of suitably encoded subjective probability distributions be used to satisfy points (a) and (b) above. These distributions, when evaluated by a scoring rule, will also give the management, and the assessor, a true statement of the quality of the assessments. Furthermore, the underlying theory of subjective probability scoring rules suggests that assessors should become ‘better’ when being scored than when given no incentive, other than the usual behavioural guidance of most hierarchic organizations.