bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selectivity of Supercritical CO2 in the Fractionation of Hake Liver Oil Ethyl Esters
Authors: Jachmanián Iván , Margenat Lucía , Torres Ana I. , Grompone Maria A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe solubility of different ethyl esters derivatized from hake liver oil in supercritical carbon dioxide was studied. A selectivity factor was used to determine optimal conditions to fractionate the ethyl ester mixture. A strong influence of solvent pressure and temperature was observed within 8.63–18.04 MPa and 40–70 °C. The lowest total solubility of the ethyl ester mixture was obtained when using supercritical carbon dioxide at the lowest density (the lowest pressure and the highest temperatures value tested). The highest discrimination against long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g. EPA and DHA) was also obtained at these above conditions. Conversely, higher solubility and lower selectivity were obtained when solvent density increased. Considering this inverse correlation between selectivity and solubility, a single‐step batch‐fractionation process was designed to increase the 22:6 ethyl ester content from an initial value of 17.5% in the starting material to 55% in the final extract.
Primitive neuroectodermal tumour of the tongue
Authors: Gunawardena I , Kenwright D , Steventon N , Ferguson C 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPeripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumours, which belong to the Ewing sarcoma tumour family, are extremely rare. These tumours are highly aggressive and are known to have a poor prognosis. Immunostaining with at least two neural markers and evidence of an abnormal t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation are hallmark features in this diagnosis. We present the first reported case of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour to occur in the tongue.
Cardiovascular hoarseness: an unusual presentation to otolaryngologists
Authors: Fennessy B G , Sheahan P , McShane D 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective:We discuss the case of a 73-year-old woman with a six-month history of hoarseness secondary to an aortic arch pseudoaneurysm.Method:We present the findings of an extensive review of the literature relating to cardiovascular disorders involving the recurrent laryngeal nerve (i.e. Ortner's syndrome).Results:Ortner's syndrome, also known as cardiovocal syndrome, is a rare condition, with few reports in the literature.Conclusion:This is only the second documented case of Ortner's syndrome in Great Britain and Ireland, and the first demonstrating an aortic pseudoaneurysm.
Dual pathology: cervicofacial actinomycosis and nicorandil-induced oral ulceration
Authors: Cupples H E V , McGahey D T 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIntroduction:Oral ulceration has many causes and is a common presenting symptom in otolaryngology.Case report:This article presents an unusual case of dual pathology oral ulceration in an elderly patient. Oral malignancy was initially suspected, but the history, examination and investigation showed that the oral ulceration was caused by actinomycosis infection and by nicorandil use.Discussion:Cervicofacial acinomycosis is a rare, suppurative bacterial disease in which abscesses can form in the tissues and break through the skin, creating pus-discharging lesions. Nicorandil is a potassium channel blocker used in the treatment of ischaemic heart disease. It has been recently recognised as a cause of persistent ulcerative stomatitis.Conclusion:This case highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion for unusual and reversible causes of oral ulceration, and of dual pathology as a cause. Such vigilance enables early recognition and treatment of potentially reversible conditions.
Internal jugular vein thrombosis due to distant malignancies: two case reports and literature review
Authors: Pata Y S , Ünal M , Gülhan S 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe internal jugular vein is an uncommon site of spontaneous venous thrombosis. Most cases usually result from intravenous drug abuse, jugular vein catheterisation, neck dissection, a hypercoagulable state associated with malignancy (Trousseau's syndrome), neck injury or ovarian overstimulation syndrome. In this paper, we present and discuss two cases of spontaneous jugular vein thrombosis associated with breast and lung malignancies. The possibility of Trousseau's syndrome due to distant malignancy should be considered by otolaryngologists and appropriately investigated.
Two new non‐competitive mGlu1 receptor antagonists are potent tools to unravel functions of this mGlu receptor subtype
Authors: Knöpfel T 
Published: May 2007

The validation of the selective, potent and systemically active non‐competitive mGlu1 antagonists YM‐298198 and JNJ16259685 in a physiological functional assay will facilitate elucidation of this receptor's role in brain function and as a potential drug target.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 151, 723–724; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707289
Cost effectiveness of adult intensive care in the UK
Authors: Ridley S. , Morris S. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryWe wished to investigate whether intensive care represents good value for money to the National Health Service in the UK using cost‐effectiveness analysis. We developed a cost‐effectiveness model using secondary data sources to estimate the incremental cost per quality adjusted life year gained of treatment in intensive care vs non‐intensive care treatment in adults. Estimates of hospital mortality with and without intensive care were obtained from seven published studies and from data published by the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre. Quality of life estimates were obtained from a literature review and NHS reference costs were used. Relative to non‐intensive care treatment, the incremental cost per quality adjusted life year gained of treatment in intensive care is £7010. This figure is sensitive to the mortality risk reduction associated with intensive care. Despite the high daily cost of intensive care, its cost‐effectiveness is excellent and compares favourably with other commonly used health interventions. Our findings suggest that adult intensive care represents good value for money.
Fibreoptic intubation using three airway conduits in a manikin: the effect of operator experience*
Authors: Hodzovic I. , Petterson J. , Wilkes A. R. , Latto I. P. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryIn a randomised cross‐over study, 72 anaesthetists (24 Senior House Officers, 24 Specialist Registrars and 24 Consultants) attempted to place a fibreoptic scope in the trachea of a manikin using three airway conduits: the Berman airway, the LMA Classic™ and the intubating laryngeal mask airway. The time for insertion of the airway conduit, delivery of two breaths and fibreoptic scope placement in the trachea was the primary endpoint. These overall times were significantly shorter (median [interquartile range]) using the LMA Classic™ (36 [28–45]) than via the intubating laryngeal mask (54 [42–79]) and the Berman airway (45 [33–80]), p < 0.0001. Senior House Officers were significantly slower than both Specialist Registrars and Consultants (p < 0.0001). The LMA Classic™ was considered to be the easiest conduit to use for fibreoptic scope placement by all grades of anaesthetists. We conclude that the LMA Classic™ is the most effective conduit for fibreoptic scope placement especially for anaesthetists with limited experience in its use.
Rooting depth and soil moisture control Mediterranean woody seedling survival during drought
Authors: PADILLA F. M. , PUGNAIRE F. I. 
Published: May 2007

Summary

Seedling survival is one of the most critical stages in a plant's life history, and is often reduced by drought and soil desiccation. It has been hypothesized that root systems accessing moist soil layers are critical for establishment, but very little is known about seedling root growth and traits in the field.
We related seedling mortality to the presence of deep roots in a field experiment in which we monitored soil moisture, root growth and seedling survival in five Mediterranean woody species from the beginning of the growing season until the end of the drought season.
We found strong positive relationships between survival and maximum rooting depth, as well as between survival and soil moisture. Species with roots in moist soil layers withstood prolonged drought better, whereas species with shallow roots died more frequently. In contrast, biomass allocation to roots was not related to establishment success.
Access to moist soil horizons accounted for species‐specific survival rates, whereas large root : shoot (R:S) ratios did not. The existence of soil moisture thresholds that control establishment provides insights into plant population dynamics in dry environments.
GENETIC STUDY: Polymorphisms of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4 VNTR) and cannabinoid CB1 receptor gene (CNR1) are not strongly related to cue‐reactivity after alcohol exposure
Authors: Van Den Wildenberg Esther , Janssen Rob G. J. H. , Hutchison Kent E. , Van Breukelen Gerard J. P. , Wiers Reinout W. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTPolymorphisms in the D4 dopamine receptor gene (DRD4) and the CB1 cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) have been associated with a differential response to alcohol after consumption. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether heavy drinkers with these polymorphisms would respond with enhanced cue‐reactivity after alcohol exposure. Eighty‐eight male heavy drinkers were genotyped for the DRD4 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) [either DRD4 long (L) or short (S)] and the CNR1 rs2023239 polymorphism (either CT/CC or TT). Participants were exposed to water and beer in 3‐minute trials. Dependent variables of main interest were subjective craving for alcohol, subjective arousal and salivary reactivity. Overall, no strong evidence was found for stronger cue‐reactivity (= outcome difference between beer and water trial) in the DRD4 L and CNR1 C allele groups. The DRD4 VNTR polymorphism tended to moderate salivary reactivity such that DRD4 L participants showed a larger beverage effect than the DRD4 S participants. Unexpectedly, the DRD4 L participants reported, on average, less craving for alcohol and more subjective arousal during cue exposure, compared with the DRD4 S participants. As weekly alcohol consumption increased, the CNR1 C allele group tended to report more craving for alcohol during the alcohol exposure than the T allele group. The DRD4 and CNR1 polymorphisms do not appear to strongly moderate cue‐reactivity after alcohol cue exposure, in male heavy drinkers.
Onset of action and duration of effect of formoterol and salmeterol compared to salbutamol in isolated guinea pig trachea with or without epithelium
Authors: Ullman A. , Bergendal A. , Lindén A. , Waldeck B. , Skoogh B.‐E. , Löfdahl C.‐G. 
Published: May 2007

Formoterol and salmeterol are 2 newly developed β2‐adrenoceptor agonists for inhalation with prolonged duration of effect compared with currently available β‐agonists. The clinical duration of effect has been suggested to be correlated to a decreased washability in vitro, i.e. decreased effect due to continuous washing of the organ bath. In this study we compared the washability and the onset of the relaxatory effect of formoterol (0.01 μM), salmeterol (0.05 μM) and salbutamol (0.1 μM) in isolated guinea pig trachea contracted with carbachol (0.1 μM). We also evaluated a possible influence of the epithelium on onset of action and/or duration of effect. A significant relaxatory effect of formoterol and salmeterol remained after washing, whereas of effect of salbutamol remained. We also found a rapid onset of action for both salbutamol and formoterol, but a significantly slower onset for salmeterol. Both the washability and the onset of action were found to be independent of the presence of the epithehum.Clinical aspectsAn increased knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for the onset of action and duration of effect of these new drugs may improve the understanding of the function of the β‐adrenoceptor in the airways. This study confirms the clinical data indicating a prolonged bronchorelaxatory effect of salmeterol and formoterol, and shows that this effect does not depend on an intact epithelium.
Cord blood IgE. III. Prediction of IgE high‐response and allergy
Authors: Hansen L. G. , Høst A. , Halken S. , Holmskov A. , Husby S. , Lassen L. B. , Storm K. , Østerballe O. 
Published: May 2007

Screening of total IgE in 2814 cord blood samples was analysed by Phadebas IgE PRIST in 2 1‐year birth cohorts (1983–1984 and 1985–1986) in Denmark (n= 1189 + 1625). For follow‐up we chose all infants with cord blood IgE≥0.5 kU/1 and a randomly chosen group of the same size with cord blood IgE < 0.5 kU/1. A total group of 762 infants were clinically evaluated at 18 months of age, and in 688 of these we evaluated total and specific IgE. A diagnosis of definite atopy, probable atopy or no atopy was established. In the present study we defined allergic disease as atopic disease combined with elevated total IgE. We found a statistically significant correlation between cord blood IgE and IgE at 18 months of age. Significantly more infants with elevated cord blood IgE had developed allergic disease at 18 months. A cut‐off value of 0.3 kU/1 for cord blood IgE was superior to the originally suggested 0.5 kU/1.Significantly more infants with elevated cord blood IgE had developed specific IgE antibodies at 18 months. The most frequent specific IgE antibody was towards cow's milk. Specific IgE antibodies were very rarely found when total IgE was not elevated. A total IgE at the age of 18 months > 26 kU/1 could be regarded as elevated. With regard to allergic disease the positive predictive values of cord blood lgE≥0.3 kU/1 in the 2 series were 21 % and the corresponding sensitivities 67% and 46%, respectively. The risk of developing allergic disease was elevated with a factor 3 to 4 when cord blood IgE ≥ 0.3 kU/1. In a high‐risk group based on atopic predisposition and elevated eord blood IgE ≥0.5 kU/1 the relative risk of allergic disease was 5, the predictive value of positive test 38%, the sensitivity 24% and the specificity 96%. Clinical aspects Cord blood IgE was a good predictor of allergic disease at the age of 18 months. A cord blood cut‐off IgE value of 0.3 kU/l was superior to other cord blood IgE values with the Phadebas IgE PRIST method.
Immunotherapy with aluminum hydroxide adsorbed insect venom extracts (Alutard SQ): immunologic and clinical results of a prospective study over 3 years
Authors: Wyss M. , Scheitlin T. , Stadler B. M. , Wüthrich B. 
Published: May 2007

This prospective study over 3 years investigated the safety, immunogenicity, and effectiveness of immunotherapy (IT) with aluminum hydroxide adsorbed insect venom extracts (Alutard SQ, ALK Laboratories) m patients with previous, severe, systemic, IgE‐mediated, anaphylactic reactions to Hymenoptera stings. Seventeen patients were treated with honeybee venom (BV), 13 with yellow‐jacket venom (YJV), and 5 with both. No severe reactions to IT were noted. Only 3 BV‐allergic patients experienced mild systemic reactions of grades I or II (1 per 139 injections) during the increase phase.As for the immunologic data, there was a significant decrease in specific IgE antibodies after 1 year, and a significant increase in specific IgG and IgG4 antibodies on reaching the maintenance dose, with a further rise after 1, 2, and 3 years. Moreover, a significant decrease in anti‐IgE autoantibodies was observed in the BV group. Out of the 11 patients that were occasionally restung by the relevant insect (totaling 19 stings in all), only one patient developed mild systemic allergic symptoms after a third sting.In view of these results, we consider IT with aluminium hydroxide adsorbed insect venom extracts to safe, immunogenic, and effective. The low rate of side‐effects may be due to the slow release of the venom in the aluminium hydroxide adsorbed form.
A comparison of topical levocabastine and oral terfenadine in the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
Authors:   The Livostin Study Group
Published: May 2007

This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of twice‐daily levocabastine, a new topical H1‐blocking antihistamine, with that of twice‐daily oral terfenadine in the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. A total of 128 adult patients with a history of birch‐pollen‐provoked allergic rhinoconjunctivitis participated in this double‐blind, parallel‐group study. Ocular and nasal symptoms, assessed by a 100‐mm visual analog scale, were recorded daily on diary cards for a period of 8 weeks. Global assessments of treatment efficacy were also performed. Conventional statistical analysis detected no significant differences between the two treatment regimens. Similarly, there was no difference in the number or type of adverse reactions in each treatment group. Statistical analysis according to Hauck & Andersson confirmed equivalence between the two treatment regimens. Topical levocabastine appears to be as effective and well‐tolerated as oral terfenadine in the treatment of allergic rhinoeonjunctivitis.The Livostin Study Group. A comparison of topical levocabastine and oral terfenadine in the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
Terbutaline controlled‐release tablets and ipratropium aerosol in nocturnal asthma
Authors: Tammivaara R. , Elo J. , Mansury L. 
Published: May 2007

The effect of oral terbutaline (controlled‐release [CR] tablets) was compared with that of inhaled ipratropium bromide (aerosol) in 21 patients with nocturnal asthma. In a randomized, double‐blind, crossover study, 40 μg four times daily, and the two drugs in combination. Each treatment was given for 3 weeks. Before the start of the study, the patients participated in a 1‐week run‐in period. The mean nocturnal decline in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was 29% in the run‐in period and was reduced to 22% in the terbutaline CR period, 27% in the ipratropium period, and 23% in the period with the combination of the two drugs. The mean night PEFR was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the period with terbutaline CR, as compared with the period with ipratropium. The mean morning PEFR was also highest in the terbutaline CR period. The mean evening PEFR was significantly (P< 0.05) higher during treatment with terbutaline CR alone or the combination was preferred by as many patients as was treatment with ipratropium alone. When present, adverse reactions were to be milk or moderate.Treatment with terbutaline CR alone and the combination significantly improved the evening and night PEFR, as compared with ipratropium alone.
Can subjects with a positive allergen skin test be selected by a short questionnaire?
Authors: Nielsen N. H. , Dirksen A. , Madsen F. 
Published: May 2007

The objective was to evaluate a postal questionnaire screening procedure for selection of subjects with positive reactions to skin prick tests with common allergens. The project consisted of a screening, with subsequent skin prick test of two selected groups. The setting was the Glostrup Population Studies institute in Copenhagen, Denmark. Participants in the screening included 8000 subjects, aged 15–69 years. The subjects were randomly selected from the population of western Copenhagen County, Denmark. From the 6998 respondents (87.5%), 793 subjects were randomly selected (Random Group), and 788 subjects were chosen on the basis of their answers to the questionnaire (Symptom Group). Both groups were invited to take skin prick tests. Attendance rates were 75.5% (Random Group) and 80.6% (Symptom Group).The main outcome measures were responses (yes or no) to the specific questions and the subjects' skin reaction (positive or negative). The association between symptoms and skin reactivity, adjusted for the effects of sex and age, was summarized by odds ratios. Symptoms on exposure to allergens were highly associated with positive skin reactivity. In the Symptom Group the percentage of subjects with at least one positive skin reaction was 57.7%, which was twice as much (28.4%) as in the Random Group. The results show that it was possible to select a group with high skin reactivity on the basis of the symptoms reported in the screening. Questions about exposure to allergens were the most appropriate for selection of this group.
Pulmonary function changes in asthmatics associated with low‐level SO2 and NO2 air pollution, weather, and medicine intake
Authors: Moseholm L. , Taudorf E. , Frøsig A. 
Published: May 2007

This paper presents the response in subjects with asthma to gaseous air‐pollution levels, weather, and medicine intake as identified by principal‐component analysis and neutral network techniques. Pulmonary function measured by respiratory peak‐flow rate in nonallergic asthmatics was associated with ambient, low level, air‐pollution concentrations of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, temperature, relative humidity, and medicine intake. Results from 27 nonallergic asthmatics aged 18–60 years with well‐characterized bronchial asthma and regular medical treatment were analyzed from two cities. During an 8‐month period, each subject kept a diary table, which included symptoms, lung function (evening peak flow), medicine intake, and tobbaco smoking.High intake of medicine and high ambient temperatures correspondend to decreased peak flow. The changes in temperature did not occur in situations with low medicine intake. During frost periods, peak‐flow values decreased independently of medicine intake and levels of so2. During other times, increased levels of so2 and no2 increased temperature, and increased intake of medicine, and low relative humidity corresponded to synergistically to decreased peak flow at levels above 40μ/m3.
The batch‐to‐batch variation of the potency of dog– and cat–allergen‐coated lancets
Authors: Dreborg S. 
Published: May 2007

In clinical work I formed the impression that the potency of Phazet® lancets, for cat and dog allergens, was lower than earlier and too low to diagnose all clinically sensitive children with cat and dog allergy. Therefore, I decided to investigate the potency of newly produced and several years old Phazet lancets coated with dog and cat allergens. Twenty‐six adults with case histories of cat and/or dog allergy and skin reactive to extracts of either dog dander or cat epithelium were skin prick tested in duplicate with one old batch and one newly produced batch of Phazet dog and/or cat lancets as well as the in‐house reference of cat and/or dog allergen, 100 000 BU/ml.The potency of Phazet lancets in relation to the standard was evaluated by the median slope of the allergen dose‐response relationship. The potency of the old dog lancets (mean 48 900 BU/ml) was higher (NS) than that of the newly produced lancets (mean 28 000 BU/ml), and the potency of both types of lancets was significantly less (P<0.001) than that of the dog allergen in‐house standard. On the other hand, the potency of newly produced (123 000 BU/ml), but not old (108 000), cat‐allergen‐coated Phazet lancets was higher than that of the cat allergen in‐house reference extract (P = 0.048).There was a marked variation in potency between patients. Most of this variation was due to factors varying between patients, not between lancets, indicating that the composition of the allergen on the lancets was partly different from that of the standard.The results indicate that skin prick tests must be used for the batch control of allergen‐coated lancets and that such lancets used in scientific work must be calibrated against a standard by skin prick testing.