bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of tolerance of facemask vs. mouthpiece for non‐invasive ventilation*
Authors: Schneider E. , Dualé C. , Vaille J.‐L. , Ouchchane L. , Gillart T. , Guélon D. , Schoeffler P. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryThis prospective, single centre, randomised, cross‐over study compares patient tolerance of the facemask and mouthpiece for delivery of non‐invasive ventilation in an intensive care unit. Twenty‐seven patients with acute respiratory failure were scheduled for two 45‐min sessions of non‐invasive ventilation with facemask and mouthpiece. The order of the sessions was chosen at random. Nurses and patients assessed the tolerance of both techniques using a visual analogue scale. The time spent by nurses and the changes in respiratory parameters were recorded. The facemask was better tolerated than the mouthpiece; all the cases of non‐invasive ventilation withdrawal (n = 5) occurred with mouthpieces (p = 0.026). Less nursing time was required using the facemask for the 22 patients who underwent both procedures (p = 0.01). However, the difference in tolerance scores was not significant. Non‐invasive ventilation with both facemask and mouthpiece improved the Pao2/Fio2 ratio, increased the pH and decreased the Paco2. Only non‐invasive ventilation with the facemask lowered the respiratory rate. The facemask appears to be a better initial choice for non‐invasive ventilation when compared to mouthpiece, but both can be effective.
Radiation exposure of trainee anaesthetists
Authors: Ismail S. , Khan F. A. , Sultan N. , Naqvi M. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryThis prospective study was conducted to determine the level of radiation exposure of trainee anaesthetists working in urology, orthopaedics and radiology environments. Anaesthetists wore lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) badges over a 6‐month period. The position of badges was standardised at the collar site (TLD1) and at waist level (TLD2). Area specific dosimeters were used and exchanged between anaesthetists. Of a total of 723 procedures, anaesthetists were exposed to radiation in 33% of procedures in orthopaedics, 30% in urology and 39% in radiology. The mean (SD) exposure time to radiation per case was significantly greater in orthopaedics than in urology (9.2 (4) min vs. 4.2 (2) min). The radiation exposure per case was highest in radiology (19.2 (22) min). The net combined exposure over a 6‐month period was 0.2177 mSv in urology, 0.4265 mSv in orthopaedics and 3.8457 mSv in radiology. The combined exposure was less than the 20 mSv recommended as the maximum exposure per year. Our data does not support the need for routine dosimetric monitoring of anaesthetists working in the above settings.
Botulism in a pregnant intravenous drug abuser
Authors: Morrison G. A. , Lang C. , Huda S. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryA case of botulism is reported in a heroin‐abusing parturient who initially presented with lethargy and slurred speech. The diagnostic difficulty, complications, intensive care and anaesthetic management of this case are discussed, with particular reference to the pregnancy and the effects of both botulism and its empirical treatment on the fetus. A short review is provided of a condition that has seen a marked increase in its incidence since 2000.
Effect of an anaesthesia department led critical care outreach and acute pain service on postoperative serious adverse events
Authors: Story D. A. , Shelton A. C. , Poustie S. J. , Colin‐Thome N. J. , McIntyre R. E. , McNicol P. L. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryWe examined whether a combined critical care outreach and acute pain service comprising both medical and nursing staff from the Department of Anaesthesia would decrease the incidence of postoperative serious adverse events in a hospital with an established Medical Emergency Team. We called this combined service IMPACT: Inpatient Management of acute Pain and Advice on Clinical Treatment. We conducted a prospective, before‐and‐after trial with a baseline phase (319 patients) of standard acute pain management followed by the IMPACT phase (271 patients), during which the IMPACT team systematically reviewed high‐risk postoperative patients for the first three days after their return to the general wards. The incidence of serious adverse events decreased from 23 events per 100 patients to 16 events per 100 patients. The 30‐day mortality decreased from 9% to 3%, p = 0.004. An acute pain service providing critical care outreach may improve postoperative outcome but the workload is considerable.
Awake insertion of the laryngeal mask airway using topical lidocaine and intravenous remifentanil*
Authors: Lee M. C. , Absalom A. R. , Menon D. K. , Smith H. L. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryWe assessed the use of intravenous remifentanil for the insertion of the laryngeal mask airway in 10 healthy awake volunteers, a technique primarily developed to facilitate functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of anaesthesia. Each volunteer received 200 μg glycopyrronium intravenously. Topical airway anaesthesia was effected by 4 ml nebulised lidocaine 4%, followed by 12 sprays of lidocaine 10%. Remifentanil was subsequently infused to achieve an initial target effect‐site concentration of 2 ng.ml−1; increments of 1 ng.ml−1 were allowed with the maximum effect‐site concentration limited to 6 ng.ml−1. Insertion of the laryngeal mask airway was successful on the first attempt in all cases. The median (IQR [range]) target effect‐site remifentanil concentration at insertion was 2.5 (2–3 [2–4]) ng.ml−1. All volunteers were co‐operative during the procedure and only one reported discomfort. Sore throat was a complication in all volunteers. We conclude that the technique allows successful insertion of the laryngeal mask airway in healthy awake volunteers under conditions that were safe and reproducible.
Identification of quantitative trait loci associated with egg quality, egg production, and body weight in an F2 resource population of chickens1
Authors: Schreiweis M. A. , Hester P. Y. , Settar P. , Moody D. E. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryEgg production and egg quality are complex sex‐limited traits that may benefit from the implementation of marker‐assisted selection. The primary objective of the current study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with egg traits, egg production, and body weight in a chicken resource population. Layer (White Leghorn hens) and broiler (Cobb‐Cobb roosters) lines were crossed to generate an F2 population of 508 hens over seven hatches. Phenotypes for 29 traits (weekly body weight from hatch to 6 weeks, egg traits including egg, albumen, yolk, and shell weight, shell thickness, shell puncture score, percentage of shell, and egg shell colour at 35 and 55 weeks of age, as well as egg production between 16 and 55 weeks of age) were measured in hens of the resource population. Genotypes of 120 microsatellite markers on 28 autosomal groups were determined, and interval mapping was conducted to identify putative QTL. Eleven QTL tests representing two regions on chromosomes 2 and 4 surpassed the 5% genome‐wise significance threshold. These QTL influenced egg colour, egg and albumen weight, percent shell, body weight, and egg production. The chromosome 4 QTL region is consistent with multiple QTL studies that define chromosome 4 as a critical region significantly associated with a variety of traits across multiple resource populations. An additional 64 QTL tests surpassed the 5% chromosome‐wise significance threshold.
The impact of genetic variation in the region of the GPIIIa gene, on PlA2 expression bias and GPIIb/IIIa receptor density in platelets
Authors: O'Halloran Aisling M. , Curtin Ronan , O'Connor Fiona , Dooley Michelle , Fitzgerald Anthony , O'Brien John K. , Fitzgerald Desmond J. , Shields Denis C. 
Published: December 2005

SummarySome studies have suggested that genetic variability in the glycoprotein (GP) IIIa gene modulates expression of platelet GPIIb/IIIa (α2bβ3). We sought to determine as to whether combinations of genetic variants within the GPIIIa gene (haplotypes) influenced the expression of GPIIIa RNA and protein levels in human platelets. Three promoter polymorphisms, PlA1/A2 genotype and platelet receptor densities were determined in 207 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Allele‐specific quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction of platelet RNA from PlA1/A2 heterozygotes identified a greater expression of PlA2 bearing transcripts among heterozygotes. Among the patients studied, the ratio of PlA1/PlA2 RNA expression was significantly influenced by promoter haplotype (P < 0·01). However, this effect reflected carriership of rare not common haplotypes (P = 0·2). There was a threefold variation between subjects in the number of GPIIb/IIIa receptors expressed per platelet, although no association between receptor density and the PlA2 (P = 0·93) or promoter polymorphisms was demonstrated (−468A, P = 0·52; −425C, P = 0·59; −400A, P = 0·52). Among common haplotypes, PlA1/PlA2 RNA expression was negatively correlated with adjusted GPIIb/IIIa receptor density (P = 0·04). The overall trend towards higher expression of PlA2 bearing message in PlA1/A2 heterozygotes, and the existence of rare haplotypes with more pronounced changes indicate the existence of cis‐acting genetic factors that remain to be identified.
Interannual changes in sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) recruitment in relation to oceanographic conditions within the California Current System
Authors: SCHIRRIPA MICHAEL J. , COLBERT J. J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) supports substantial fisheries in both the eastern and western Pacific Oceans. Juvenile recruitment along the west coast of the continental United States has been highly variable over the past three decades. Using a generalized additive model, we demonstrate that physical oceanographic variables within the California Current System have significant effects on sablefish recruitment. Significant relationships were found between juvenile recruitment and northward Ekman transport, eastward Ekman transport, and sea level during key times and at key locations within the habitat of this species. The model explains nearly 70% of the variability in sablefish recruitment between the years 1974 and 2000. The predictive power of the model was demonstrated by refitting without the last 5 yr of data and subsequent prediction of those years. Bootstrap assessments of bias associated with parameter estimates and jackknife‐after‐bootstrap assessments of the influence of individual data on parameter estimates are presented and discussed. Using this model, it is possible to draw preliminary conclusions concerning year‐class strength of cohorts not yet available to the survey gear as well as historic year‐class strengths. We discuss changes in zooplankton abundance and shifts in species of copepods associated with fluctuations in the physical variables that appear to have a major influence on sablefish recruitment.
Marine and freshwater climatic factors affecting interannual variation in the timing of return migration to fresh water of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
Authors: HODGSON SAYRE , QUINN THOMAS P. , HILBORN RAY , FRANCIS ROBERT C. , ROGERS DONALD E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractInterannual variation in the timing of the return migration to fresh water of adult sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, from 46 populations throughout the species North American range was examined in a broad analysis of how timing patterns are affected by marine and freshwater conditions. Migration timing data (measured at various points along the migration, including just prior to freshwater entry, just after freshwater entry, and near the spawning grounds) were examined for correlations with sea‐surface temperatures (SST) prior to migration and to freshwater temperatures and flows during migration. Following a spring–summer period with warm SST, populations from southwestern Alaska tended to return early, Fraser River populations returned late, and populations from other regions showed no consistent patterns. Similarities between interannual timing of both nearby and distant populations indicated the presence of common or coincidental influences on timing. When riverine conditions related to timing, high flows and low temperatures were associated with late migrations, low flows and high temperatures were associated with early migrations. However, even counting stations at upriver locations showed correlations with SST. Notwithstanding some inconsistencies among the many populations examined and the indirect nature of the inferences, the results supported the hypotheses that (i) interannual variations in salmon distributions at sea reflect temperature conditions, and (ii) the date when salmon initiate homeward migration is a population‐specific trait, largely unaffected by the fish's location at sea.
Covariation between the average lengths of mature coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) and the ocean environment
Authors: WELLS BRIAN K. , GRIMES CHURCHILL B. , FIELD JOHN C. , REISS CHRISTIAN S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe used the average fork length of age‐3 returning coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and age‐3 ocean‐type and age‐4 stream‐type Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) salmon along the northeast Pacific coast to assess the covariability between established oceanic environmental indices and growth. These indices included the Multivariate El Niño‐Southern Oscillation Index (MEI), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Northern Oscillation Index, and Aleutian Low Pressure Index. Washington, Oregon, and California (WOC) salmon sizes were negatively correlated with the MEI values indicating that ultimate fish size was affected negatively by El Niño‐like events. Further, we show that the growth trajectory of WOC salmon was set following the first ocean winter. Returning ocean‐type British Columbia‐Puget Sound Chinook salmon average fork length was positively correlated with the MEI values during the summer and autumn of return year, which was possibly a result of a shallower mixed layer and improved food‐web productivity of subarctic Pacific waters. Size variation of coho salmon stocks south of Alaska was synchronous and negatively correlated with warm conditions (positive PDO) and weak North Pacific high pressure during ocean residence.
Morphogenetic surfactants and their role in the formation of aerial hyphae in Streptomyces coelicolor
Authors: Willey Joanne M. , Willems Andrew , Kodani Shinya , Nodwell Justin R. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryWithstanding environmental adversity and seeking optimal conditions for reproduction are basic requirements for the survival of all organisms. Filamentous bacteria of the genus Streptomyces produce a remarkable cell type called the aerial hyphae that is central to its ability to meet both of these challenges. Recent advances have brought about a major shift in our understanding of the cell surface proteins that play important roles in the generation of these cells. Here we review our current understanding of one of these groups of proteins, the morphogenetic surfactants, with emphasis on the SapB protein of Streptomyces coelicolor.
Protecting babies: vaccine strategies to prevent foetopathy inNeospora caninum‐infected cattle
Authors: WILLIAMS D. J. L. , TREES A. J. 
Published: December 2005

SUMMARYNeospora caninumis an apicomplexan protozoan parasite that is a significant infectious abortifacient agent in cattle. Despite the fact that it is a member of a well described taxonomic group, it is a relatively newly discovered parasite and its biology is not yet fully understood. Cattle become infected either congenitally via transplacental transmission or post‐natally by ingesting oocysts derived from the definitive host; dogs and coyotes are the only definitive hosts that have been described to date. It is not known which of these two forms of transmission occurs most frequently and which is the most likely to result in abortion; there are no drugs available to treat infected cattle, so current control strategies rely on prevention of infection by management methods and strict hygiene; an effective vaccine would be a great advantage in its control.Neospora caninumis an economically important veterinary pathogen, but we can also draw analogies between its foetopathic effects and those of human pathogens such asToxoplasma gondii,Chlamydophila abortusandPlasmodium falciparum. Understanding the immune response and the materno–foetal relationship inN. caninum‐infected cattle may help us to design vaccination strategies, not only for neosporosis but also for other foetopathic agents.
Evaluation of IFN‐γ production by CD8+ T lymphocytes in response to the K1 peptide from KMP‐11 protein in patients infected with Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: DIEZ H. , LÓPEZ M. C. , DEL CARMEN THOMAS M. , GUZMÁN F. , ROSAS F. , VELAZCO V. , GONZÁLEZ J. M. , PUERTA C. 
Published: December 2005

SUMMARY The cellular response mediated by MHC class I restricted CD8

+

T cells has been shown to be crucial in the control of Chagas disease. The K1 peptide derived from T. cruzi KMP‐11 protein has a high binding affinity to the HLA‐A*0201 molecule. Nevertheless, it is not known whether this peptide is processed and displayed as an MHC class I epitope during natural infection by T. cruzi. The aim of this study was to evaluate, by ELISPOT assay, the ability of K1 peptide to activate CD8+T lymphocytes to produce IFN‐γ. Therefore, CD8+T lymphocytes from 22 HLA‐A*0201+individuals, 12 chronic chagasic patients and 10 uninfected controls, were analysed. The results revealed that two of the chagasic patients had IFN‐γ‐secreting CD8+T cells that were able to respond to K1 peptide with a relative frequency of 110 and 230 per million CD8+T cells. In contrast, none of HLA‐A*0201+uninfected controls responded to K1 peptide. Responses to HLA‐A*0201 restricted peptide from the influenza matrix protein were found in six chagasic patients and four uninfected controls with an average frequency of 175 and 111 cells per million CD8+T cells, respectively. Moreover, a flow cytometric assay for degranulation showed that chagasic responders had K1‐specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. It is shown here for the first time that the K1 peptide is efficiently processed, presented and recognized by CD8+T lymphocytes during the natural course of Chagas disease.
Antisense repression reveals a crucial role of the plastidic 2‐oxoglutarate/malate translocator DiT1 at the interface between carbon and nitrogen metabolism
Authors: Schneidereit Jörg , Häusler Rainer E. , Fiene Gabi , Kaiser Werner M. , Weber Andreas P.M. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryAmmonia assimilation by the plastidic glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase system requires 2‐oxoglutarate (2‐OG) as a carbon precursor. Plastids depend on 2‐OG import from the cytosol. A plastidic dicarboxylate translocator 1‐[2‐OG/malate translocator (DiT1)] has been identified and its substrate specificity and kinetic constants have been analyzed in vitro. However, the role of DiT1 in intact plants and its significance for ammonia assimilation remained uncertain. Here, to study the role of DiT1 in intact plants, its expression was antisense‐repressed in transgenic tobacco plants. This resulted in a reduced transport capacity for 2‐OG across the plastid envelope membrane. In consequence, allocation of carbon precursors to amino acid synthesis was impaired, organic acids accumulated and protein content, photosynthetic capacity and sugar pools in leaves were strongly decreased. The phenotype was consistent with a role of DIT1 in both, primary ammonia assimilation and the re‐assimilation of ammonia resulting from the photorespiratory carbon cycle. Unexpectedly, the in situ rate of nitrate reduction was extremely low in α‐DiT1 leaves, although nitrate reductase (NR) expression and activity remained high. We hypothesize that this discrepancy between extractable NR activity and in situ nitrate reduction is due to substrate limitation of NR. These findings and the severe phenotype of the antisense plants point to a crucial role of DiT1 at the interface between carbon and nitrogen metabolism.
Role of parenteral iron in transfusion requirements after total hip replacement. A pilot study
Authors: Muñoz M. , Naveira E. , Seara J. , Palmer J. H. , Cuenca J. , García‐Erce J. A. 
Published: December 2005

summary.  An important percentage of patients undergoing total hip replacement (THR) receive allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) to avoid the risks of acute anaemia. However, concerns about the risks of ABT have led to the search for alternatives, such as stimulation of erythropoiesis.We prospectively investigated the effect of postoperative administration of 300 mg of intravenous iron sucrose on ABT requirements in THR patients (group 2; n = 24). A previous series of 22 THR patients served as the control group (group 1). All patients were operated on by the same surgeon, using the same implant, and a set of clinical data was gathered.No adverse reactions to iron administration were observed. The group‐given iron showed a trend to a lower transfusion rate (46 vs. 73%; P = 0·067) and lower transfusion index (0·96 vs. 1·68 units/patient; P = 0·038). Moreover, amongst the non‐transfused patients, admission haemoglobin levels were lower in those coming from the iron group than those from the control group (12·7 ± 0·9 vs. 14·0 ± 1·2 g dL−1, respectively; P = 0·017).Postoperative parenteral iron administration could be a safe and effective way to reduce ABT requirements in the THR patients. A large, randomized controlled trial to confirm these results is warranted.
Familial gigantic melanocytosis
Authors: El‐Darouti Mohammad A. , Fawzi Soheir A. , Marzook Salonas A. , El‐Eishi Nermine H. , Abdel‐Halim Mona R. E. , Soliman Shereen A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackground  Familial gigantic melanocytosis (FGM) is a rare disorder first described in 1984 and termed “familial melanopathy with gigantic melanocytes”. The cause of the disorder is still unknown. Melanocytes in both hyper‐ and hypopigmented skin seem to be unable to deliver melanin to the surrounding keratinocytes.Objective  In this study, we report four new cases of FGM. Electron microscopic examination was performed in a trial to shed more light on the underlying defect in this disorder.Patients and methods  Patients were examined clinically and biopsies were taken from both hyperpigmented and hypopigmented areas, and divided into two parts; one part was processed for routine microscopic examination with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson Fontana stains. The other portion of the biopsy was fixed in glutraldhyde 3% and processed for electron microscopic (EM) examination.Results  By light microscopy, the patients’ skin showed areas of hyperpigmented basal cells alternating with poorly pigmented areas. Hair follicles in the scalp biopsies showed the same pathology. By EM, pigmented areas showed gigantic melanocytes and heavily pigmented keratinocytes. Nonpigmented areas showed poorly pigmented keratinocytes and fewer, but also gigantic melanocytes.Conclusions  The raindrop‐like hypopigmentation in this disorder can be explained by a failure of melanocytes to deliver melanin to their surrounding keratinocytes. The cause of the presence of heavily pigmented keratinocytes in the hyperpigmented zones could not be determined. There is a strong possibility of a more widespread abnormality affecting not just the melanocytes.