bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tris(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)phosphane, P(NC4H8NMe)3: Synthesis, Structural Studies, Group 10 and 11 Metal Complexes and Catalytic Investigations
Authors: Ganesamoorthy Chelladurai , Mague Joel T. , Balakrishna Maravanji S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractGroup 10 and 11 metal complexes of a multidentate phosphorus–nitrogen donor ligand tris(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)phosphane, P(NC4H8NMe)3 (1) are reported. The reactions of 1 with an equimolar amount of CuX (X = Cl, Br and I) afford tetranuclear cubane‐like complexes [(CuX){P(NC4H8NMe)3}]4 (2, X = Cl; 3, X = Br and 4, X = I) in excellent yield. Treatment of 1 with AuCl(SMe2) produces a mononuclear complex, [(AuCl){P(NC4H8NMe)3}] (5). Reaction of 1 with AgCN produces a 2D AgI polymeric sheet, [(AgCN)2{P(NC4H8NMe)3}]n (6) in moderate yield. The similar 1:1 reactions of 1 with AgX (X = Cl and Br) furnish dinuclear complexes, [(AgX){P(NC4H8NMe)3}]2 (7, X = Cl and 8, X = Br). The 2:1 reactions of 1 with [M(COD)Cl2] (M = Pd or Pt) afford [{P(NC4H8NMe)3}2MCl2] (9, M = Pd and 10, M = Pt) in quantitative yield. The molecular structures of complexes 1–3 and 6 are established through single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The catalytic activity of the PdII complex 9 has been investigated in Suzuki cross coupling reactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Optical remote mapping of rivers at sub‐meter resolutions and watershed extents
Authors: Marcus W. Andrew , Fonstad Mark A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAt watershed extents, our understanding of river form, process and function is largely based on locally intensive mapping of river reaches, or on spatially extensive but low density data scattered throughout a watershed (e.g. cross sections). The net effect has been to characterize streams as discontinuous systems. Recent advances in optical remote sensing of rivers indicate that it should now be possible to generate accurate and continuous maps of in‐stream habitats, depths, algae, wood, stream power and other features at sub‐meter resolutions across entire watersheds so long as the water is clear and the aerial view is unobstructed. Such maps would transform river science and management by providing improved data, better models and explanation, and enhanced applications.Obstacles to achieving this vision include variations in optics associated with shadows, water clarity, variable substrates and target–sun angle geometry. Logistical obstacles are primarily due to the reliance of existing ground validation procedures on time‐of‐flight field measurements, which are impossible to accomplish at watershed extents, particularly in large and difficult to access river basins. Philosophical issues must also be addressed that relate to the expectations around accuracy assessment, the need for and utility of physically based models to evaluate remote sensing results and the ethics of revealing information about river resources at fine spatial resolutions. Despite these obstacles and issues, catchment extent remote river mapping is now feasible, as is demonstrated by a proof‐of‐concept example for the Nueces River, Texas, and examples of how different image types (radar, lidar, thermal) could be merged with optical imagery. The greatest obstacle to development and implementation of more remote sensing, catchment scale ‘river observatories’ is the absence of broadly based funding initiatives to support collaborative research by multiple investigators in different river settings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resource allocation in the downlink of cellular multi‐hop networks
Authors: Newton Mark , Thompson John S. , Naden J. Mark 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe growth of high‐data rate services on mobile cellular networks necessitates more efficient use of the finite bandwidth/power resources available. Ideally this should be achieved with minimum additional infrastructure since it is expensive both in terms of capital outlay and also network redesign. One such evolutionary path which is currently fuelling a lot of interest is multi‐hop. This scheme uses one or more relays to forward transmissions between the base station (BS) and the target user equipment (UE). Given a large enough density of relays, there will always be a more path loss efficient multi‐hop route between the BS and target UE than the direct hop one. However, it is not so obvious how this will translate into realizable improvements in cell throughput and coverage. The actual benefits of multi‐hop are dependent upon a number of key system choices such as the scheduling algorithm and type of antenna array processing used. This paper considers through simulation how the benefits of multi‐hop vary for systems that employ combinations of round robin or equal throughput scheduling with either 2 or 4 element maximal ratio combining. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International equity flows and the predictability of US stock returns
Authors: Hartmann Daniel , Pierdzioch Christian 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe examined the link between international equity flows and US stock returns. Based on the results of tests of in‐sample and out‐of‐sample predictability of stock returns, we found evidence of a strong positive (negative) link between international equity flows and contemporaneous (one‐month‐ahead) stock returns. Our results also indicate that an investor, in real time, could have used information on the link between international equity flows and one‐month‐ahead stock returns to improve the performance of simple trading rules.  Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass screening programmes and trends in cervical cancer in Finland and the Netherlands
Authors: van der Aa Maaike A. , Pukkala Eero , Coebergh Jan Willem W. , Anttila Ahti , Siesling Sabine 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWith respect to cervical cancer management, Finland and the Netherlands are comparable in relevant characteristics, e.g., fertility rate, age‐of‐mother at first birth and a national screening programme for several years. The aim of this study is to compare trends in incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer in Finland and the Netherlands in relation to the introduction and intensity of the screening programmes. Therefore, incidence and mortality rates were calculated using the Cancer Registries of Finland and the Netherlands. Data on screening intensity were obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry and the Dutch evaluation centre at ErasmusMC‐Rotterdam. Women aged 30–60 have been screened every 5 years, in Finland since 1992 and in the Netherlands since 1996. Screening protocols for smear taking and referral to the gynaecologist are comparable. Incidence and mortality rates have declined more in Finland. In 2003, age‐adjusted incidence and mortality in Finland were 4.0 and 0.9 and in the Netherlands 4.9 and 1.4 per 100,000 woman‐years, respectively. Excess smear use in the Netherlands was estimated to be 24 per 1,000 women during a 5‐year interval compared to 121 in Finland. The decline in mortality in Finland seems to be almost completely related to the screening programme whereas in the Netherlands it was initially considered to be a natural decline. Differences in risk factors might also play a role: the Netherlands has higher population density and higher percentages of immigrants and (female) smokers. The greater excess smear use in Finland might also have affected incidence. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natural agents targeting the α7‐nicotinic‐receptor in NSCLC: A promising prospective in anti‐cancer drug development
Authors: Grozio Alessia , Paleari Laura , Catassi Alessia , Servent Denis , Cilli Michele , Piccardi Federica , Paganuzzi Michela , Cesario Alfredo , Granone Pierluigi , Mourier Gilles , Russo Patrizia 
Published: December 2007

AbstractNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are expressed on normal bronchial epithelial and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and are involved in cell growth regulation. Nicotine induced cell proliferation. The purpose of this study was to determine if interruption of autocrine nicotinic cholinergic signaling might inhibit A549 NSCLC cell growth. For this purpose α‐Cobratoxin (α‐CbT), a high affinity α7‐nAChR antagonist was studied. Cell growth decrease was evaluated by Clonogenic and MTT assays. Evidence of apoptosis was identified staining cell with Annexin‐V/PI. Characterization of the basal NF‐κB activity was done using the Trans‐AM NF‐κB assay colorimetric kit. “In vivo” antitumour activity was evaluated in orthotopically transplanted nude mice monitored by In vivo Imaging System technology. α‐CbT caused concentration‐dependent cell growth decrease, mitochondrial apoptosis caspases‐9 and 3‐dependent, but caspase‐2 and p53‐independent and down‐regulation of basal high levels of activated NF‐κB. α‐CbT treatment determines a significant reduction of tumor growth in nude mice orthotopically engrafted with A549‐luciferase cells (4.6% of living cells vs. 31% in untreated mice). No sign of toxicity was reported related to treatment. These findings suggest that α7‐nAChR antagonists namely α‐CbT may be useful adjuvant for treatment of NSCLC and potentially other cancers. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physicochemical characterization, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation of indomethacin‐loaded nanocarriers self‐assembled by amphiphilic polyphosphazene
Authors: Zhang Jian Xiang , Li Shu Hui , Li Xiao Hui , Qiu Li Yan , Li Xiao Dong , Li Xiao Jing , Jin Yi , Zhu Kang Jie 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCopolymeric nanocarriers assembled by amphiphilic polyphosphazene bearing poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and ethyl glycinate (EtGly) as substitutes, were investigated as drug vehicles for indomethacin (IND). The physicochemical characteristics of the novel nanocontainers were studied, including lower critical solution temperature (LCST), critical micelle concentration (CMC) and drug loading capacity. LCST measurements revealed that copolymer is more sensitive to the introduction of salts into aqueous solution compared with homopolymer. A significant decrease in CMC was observed when the temperature increased above LCST. As evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurement, morphological transformation from multicompartment into spherical nanoparticles was observed when nanocarriers with higher IND content were concerned. In vitro release tests suggested that IND‐loaded nanocontainers exhibited pH dependent release profiles. In vivo pharmacokinetic study after subcutaneous administration provided a relatively sustained release behavior. Additionally, compared with free drug solution at the same dose, IND concentration in rat plasma showed a prolonged retention in experimental group treated with IND‐loaded micelles. In vivo pharmacodynamic study based on both carrageenan‐induced acute and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced adjuvant‐arthritis models indicated that sustained therapeutic efficacy could be achieved through intraarticular injection of IND‐loaded micelles. Most importantly, local delivery of IND can avoid the severe gastrointestinal stimulation, which is frequently associated with oral administration. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Growth, viability, adhesion potential, and fibronectin expression in fibroblasts cultured on zirconia or feldspatic ceramics in vitro
Authors: Raffaelli Luca , Iommetti Pierfrancesco Rossi , Piccioni Elisabetta , Toesca Amelia , Serini Simona , Resci Federica , Missori Mauro , De Spirito Marco , Manicone Paolo F. , Calviello Gabriella 
Published: December 2007

AbstractZirconia, a biomaterial widely used in dentistry, has recently attracted much attention for its mechanical strength and toughness. Previously, its lack of mutagenic and carcinogenic power was reported. We describe here other essential aspects to be taken into account to define in vitro the biocompatibility of a material: the growth rate, viability, and adhesion capacity of normal stabilized cells growing on it. To this aim, immortalized RAT‐1 fibroblasts, growing either on zirconia and on feldspatic (FE) ceramics were compared. In particular, the level of expression and the intra‐ and extra‐cellular organization of fibronectin, a glycoprotein involved in cellular adhesion and migration during tissue repair, was analyzed. Fibroblasts cultured on zirconia showed a higher growth rate, and underwent necrosis at lower levels than cells on FE ceramic, whereas either materials did not stimulate apoptosis. Adhesion capacity of fibroblasts was evaluated measuring adherent cell nucleic acids with the fluorimetric CyQuant® assay, and it was found significantly higher in cells cultured on zirconia than on FE ceramic. This finding may be explained by the higher and more precocious expression of the adhesion protein fibronectin observed by indirect immunofluorescence in fibroblasts on zirconia. Overall, the results suggest that zirconia, exerting low cytotoxicity and strongly inducing adhesion capacity, increases cellular growth rate of fibroblasts. All these features suggest that zirconia could represent a more suitable biomaterial than FE ceramic for prosthesis in dentistry. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
One‐step preparation of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) nanoparticles for plasmid DNA delivery
Authors: Huang Mei Juan , Gou Ma Ling , Qian Zhi Yong , Dai Mei , Li Xing Yi , Cao Mei , Wang Ke , Zhao Jian , Yang Jing Liang , Lu You , Tu Ming Jing , Wei Yu Quan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this article, a kind of biodegradable poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)‐Poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL‐PEG‐PCL, PCEC) copolymer was synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization method. The PCEC nanoparticles were prepared at one‐step by modified emulsion solvent evaporation method using CTAB as stabilizer. With increase in PCEC concentration, the particle size increased obviously, but zeta potential only increased slightly. The obtained cationic PCEC nanoparticle was employed to condense and adsorb DNA onto its surface. Plasmid GFP (pGFP) was used as model plasmid to evaluate the loading capacity of cationic PCEC nanoparticles in this work. The DNA/nanoparticles weight ratio at 1:16 induced almost neutral zeta potential of DNA‐nanoparticles complex. At this time, the size of complex became abnormally large which implied aggregates formed. So DNA‐nanoparticles weight ratio should be chosen carefully. The cationic PCEC nanoparticles had the capacity of condensing plasmid DNA into complex when the DNA/nanoparticles weight ratio was lower than 1:8, which was evidenced by gel retardation assay.In vitrorelease behavior of DNA/nanoparticle complexes was also studied here. The obtained cationic PCEC nanoparticles might have great potential application in DNA delivery. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Supramolecular hydrogels based on inclusion complexation between poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly (ε‐caprolactone) diblock copolymer and α‐cyclodextrin and their controlled release property
Authors: Li Xu , Li Jun 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSupramolecular hydrogels formed through inclusion complexation between high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) showed the most sustained release kinetics in vitro with molecular weight of PEO of 35,000 within 5 days. To improve the sustained release and overcome using high molecular weight PEO, novel supramolecular hydrogels have been prepared by using biodegradable amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PEO–PCL) diblock copolymer instead of PEO. Rheologic studies indicate that the prepared hydrogel is thixotropic and reversible. The in vitro release kinetics of hydrogels has been studied by using fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled dextran (dextran‐FITC) as model drug. Compared with that of α‐CD/PEO supramolecular hydrogels, the sustained release of α‐CD/PEO–PCL supramolecular hydrogel was increased significantly even if with much lower molecular weight of PEO block. This result indicates incorporating hydrophobic PCL block could reduce the molecular weight of PEO required for long‐term drug release system. The sustained release is also dependent on the α‐CD content in supramolecular hydrogels. Thus, the properties of supramolecular hydrogel can be fine‐tuned with different polymer and at different α‐CD content, opening a wide range of applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Evaluation of the skin sensitizing potential of biodegradable magnesium alloys
Authors: Witte Frank , Abeln Inken , Switzer Elinor , Kaese Volker , Meyer‐Lindenberg Andrea , Windhagen Henning 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCorroding metals made of magnesium alloys represent a new class of degradable implants for musculoskeletal surgery. These implants may be associated with skin sensitizing reactions because of the release of metal ions. This study was conducted to compare the sensitizing potential of four different magnesium alloys (AZ31, AZ91, WE43, and LAE442) to current implant materials such as titanium (TiAl6V4) and a degradable polymer (SR‐PLA96). Solutions and solid chips of these materials were prepared and tested in 156 guinea pigs according to the Magnusson–Kligman test. A standard allergen (hydroxy‐cinnamon‐aldehyde) causing allergic erythema was used as positive control and a standard irritant (sodium‐lauryl‐sulfate) causing local skin irritation for less than 24 h was used as negative control. All erythema were graded immediately and 24 h after patch removal by three independent observers. Histomorphological analyses were performed on skin biopsies taken 24 h after patch removal. We found that initial erythema in animals treated with solid chips diminished within 24 h and were caused by local skin irritation. Local skin irritation was also determined in erythema remaining for 24 h after patch removal in animals treated with dissolved test materials. No allergenic reactions according to the histomorphological criteria were observed in skin biopsies. We conclude that no skin sensitizing potential were detected for standard materials as well as for all tested magnesium alloys by the used methods. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Comparison of fat quantification methods: A phantom study at 3.0T
Authors: Bernard Clare P. , Liney Gary P. , Manton David J. , Turnbull Lindsay W. , Langton Christian M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPurposeTo compare different imaging methods with single‐voxel MR spectroscopy (MRS) for the quantification of fat content in phantoms at 3.0T.Materials and MethodsImaging and spectroscopy was performed on a GE Signa system. Eleven novel homogeneous fat‐water phantoms were constructed with variation in fat content from 0% to 100%. These were imaged using three techniques and compared with single‐voxel non‐water‐suppressed MRS. Pixel‐by‐pixel maps of fat fraction were produced and mean values compared to MRS‐determined measurements. Preliminary in vivo examinations were subsequently performed in the breast and spine to compare the best imaging technique with MRS.ResultsAll imaging methods significantly correlated with MRS (P < 0.001): IDEAL (r2 = 0.985), IOP (r2 = 0.888), WS (r2 = 0.939), and FS (r2 = 0.938). In addition, IDEAL provided artifact‐free maps of fat fraction with superior uniformity. In vivo results using IDEAL produced values that were between 9% to 16% of the corresponding MRS values.ConclusionThis work demonstrates that imaging may be utilized as a high‐resolution alternative to MRS for the quantification of fat content. In the future we intend to replace MRS with IDEAL in our clinical studies involving fat measurement. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Failure of recognition of drug‐induced parkinsonism in the elderly
Authors: Esper Christine D. , Factor Stewart A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractOur objective was to evaluate the ability of neurologists to recognize and diagnose drug‐induced Parkinsonism (DIP) in the elderly. DIP is a diagnostic challenge because it can be indistinguishable from Parkinson's disease, especially in the elderly. It is frequently under‐recognized by psychiatrists and primary care physicians. Atypical antipsychotics (AA) are advertised for their low propensity to cause DIP. This may add to problems with recognition. We performed a retrospective record review of consecutive new parkinsonian patients seen over 2 years in a movement disorders clinic to examine the frequency, causative agents, and diagnostic accuracy of DIP by physicians, particularly neurologists. Of 354 Parkinsonian patients evaluated, 24 (6.8%) had DIP, 46% of these were due to AA and 29% were caused by metoclopramide. Of the 24 patients with DIP, only one was previously diagnosed accurately according to records. Nineteen patients (79%) were previously evaluated by a neurologist, and none of them was diagnosed with DIP. The primary reason for failure to recognize DIP relates to under‐recognition of AA as possible cause. A majority remained on the inciting agents while dopaminergic drugs were prescribed. DIP was reversible when the inciting drug was stopped. DIP is a common form of parkinsonism and is under‐recognized, even by neurologists. AA and metoclopramide do not appear to be well‐known to cause DIP. Cessation of the offending agent results in improvement of symptoms and would eliminate the need for dopaminergic agents, which are known to commonly cause side effects in the elderly. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Aripiprazole: A treatment for severe coprolalia in “refractory” Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
Authors: Ben Djebara Mouna , Worbe Yulia , Schüpbach Michael , Hartmann Andreas 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCoprolalia is one of the most distressing symptoms in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. We report on a 28‐year‐old man with severe coprolalia at the forefront of symptoms, which had a dramatic impact on his social and professional life and that did not fluctuate for years. Moreover, he presented hypersensitivity to neuroleptics. The use of aripiprazole, as a last resort, induced a 75% of improvement of his symptoms with good tolerance. This suggests that aripiprazole constitutes a valuable therapeutic in coprolalia. Moreover, its biochemical class specificity makes it an alternative for patients hypersensitive to other classes of neuroleptics. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
The relationship between impulsivity and impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Isaias Ioannis U. , Siri Chiara , Cilia Roberto , De Gaspari Danilo , Pezzoli Gianni , Antonini Angelo 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA range of behaviors presumed to be related to dopaminergic medications have been recently recognized in Parkinson's disease (PD). We evaluated 50 consecutive cognitively intact PD patients on stable dopamine agonist and levodopa therapy and 100 healthy controls for compulsive sexual behavior, compulsive buying, or intermittent explosive disorders assessed by the Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview (MIDI), pathological gambling (South Oaks Gambling Screen, SOGS), impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale), compulsivity (Maudsley obsessional‐compulsive inventory), and depression scores (Geriatric Depression Scale). Overall 28% PD (14/50) and 20% healthy controls (20/100) reported at least one abnormal behavior at MIDI or pathological SOGS score. PD patients had higher scores than controls for impulsivity (P = 0.006), compulsivity (P < 0.001), and depression (P < 0.001). There was no correlation between impulsivity, compulsivity, and depression scores in PD. Male gender and higher impulsivity score, but not dose and kind of dopaminergic medications, were associated in PD with increased probability of impulsive disorders at MIDI. Impulse control disorders are also common in the control population. Individual susceptibility factors, such as high impulsivity and depression, underline abnormal behaviors in PD patients treated with stable dopaminergic therapy. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society