bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐scale domain decomposition method for large‐scale structural analysis with a zooming technique: Application to plate assembly
Authors: Amini A. Mobasher , Dureisseix D. , Cartraud P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis article is concerned with a multi‐scale domain decomposition method (DDM), based on the FETI‐DP solver, for large‐scale structural elastic analysis and suited to problems that exhibit structural heterogeneities, such as plate assemblies in the presence of structural details. In this approach once a partition of the global fine mesh into subdomains has been performed (all subdomains possess a fine mesh) and to optimize the computational time, the fine mesh is preserved only in the zones of interest (with local phenomena due to discontinuity, hole, etc.) while the remaining subdomains are replaced by numerical homogenized coarse elements. Indeed, the multi‐scale aspect is introduced by the description of subdomains with either a fine or a coarse scale mesh. As a result, an extension of the FETI‐DP DDM is proposed in this article (called herein FETI‐DP micro–macro) that allows the simultaneous usage of different discretizations: fine (microscopic) mesh for subdomains in zones of interest and coarse (macroscopic or homogenized) mesh for the complementary part of the structure. Using this strategy raises the problem of the determination of the stiffness of coarse subdomains, and of the incompatible finite element connection between fine and coarse subdomains. Two approaches (collocation and Mortar) are presented and compared. The article ends with patch tests and some numerical examples in 2D and 3D. The obtained numerical results exemplify the efficiency and capability of the FETI‐DP micro–macro approach and reveal that the Mortar approach is more accurate, at constant cost, than the collocation approach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epithelioid osteosarcoma of the jaw
Authors: Cozza Raffaele , Devito Rita , De Ioris Maria Antonietta , Zama Mario , Boldrini Renata , Fidani Paola , Donfrancesco Alberto 
Published: February 2009

AbstractEpithelioid osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare sub‐type of OS with an aggressive behavior. An epithelioid OS was diagnosed in an 8‐year‐old female with painful swelling of the left jaw. After two courses of chemotherapy (cisplatin/methotrexate/doxorubicin), the patient presented a progressive disease. After hemimandibulectomy, 13 courses of post‐operative chemotherapy (cisplatin/methotrexate/doxorubicin/ifosfamide) were performed. Histological and ultra‐structural examination showed a high grade neoplasm consisting of sheets of epithelioid cells with focal osteoid formation. The patient is alive and in complete remission 42 months from diagnosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:877–879. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dyskeratosis congenita with corneal limbal insufficiency
Authors: Aslan Deniz , Ozdek Sengul , Camurdan Orhun , Bideci Aysun , Cinaz Peyami 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe describe a newly diagnosed Turkish adolescent female with Dyskeratosis congenita along with the novel ocular finding of corneal limbal insufficiency. Corneal limbal insufficiency was suggested to be a premature aging sign resulting from a deficiency in corneal stem cell activity, a biological process caused by underlying telomeric defect in this disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:95–97. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of the contextual model to school‐based counseling: Why does it work?
Authors: Sullivan Erin , Kehle Thomas J. , Bray Melissa A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThere is considerable support for the effectiveness of psychotherapies regardless of their individual theoretical underpinnings. They all evidence substantial positive outcomes, particularly if they contain common elements. These include a therapeutic relationship within an appropriate setting, a rationale for why the client is unhappy or distressed and in need of therapy, and procedures for effecting positive change. We interpret these common elements as a process of learning that promotes the client's independence, friendship formation and maintenance, competence, and physical health. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of viscosity ratio on the morphology of PET microfibrils in uncompatibilized and compatibilized drawn PET/PP/TiO2 blends
Authors: Li Wenjing , Schlarb Alois K. , Evstatiev Michael 
Published: February 2009

AbstractUncompatibilized and compatibilized (polypropylene‐grafted maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MA) as compatibilizer) PET (polyethylene terephthalate)/PP (polypropylene)/TiO2 drawn strands were prepared by extrusion of the blends and cold drawing of the extrudates. In the uncompatibilized drawn strand, the generated PET microfibrils show large aspect ratio and wide distribution in diameter; whereas in the compatibilized drawn strand numbers of short needle‐like PET formations appear and demonstrate uniform diameter distribution. Derived from PET droplets, the microfibril morphology is greatly influenced by the size of PET droplets in the extrudates: small droplet deforms into needle‐like shape and large one becomes microfibril. In the compatibilized PET/PP/TiO2 extrudate, the size of PET droplet is much smaller than that in the uncompatibilized one. The reduction of droplet size is attributed to the low viscosity ratio between dispersed phase and matrix, which facilitates the break up of the dispersed PET droplets. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 555–562, 2009
Temperature dependence of ESR spectra of nitroxide spin probe in glassy polymers
Authors: Chernova Daria A. , Vorobiev Andrey Kh. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTemperature dependencies of ESR spectra of nitroxide spin probes in glassy polymers near and below glass transition temperature were examined in detail. Three temperature ranges, each characterized by specific changes in spectral shape, were defined. (i) In the low temperature range, ESR spectra of nitroxide radical in glassy polymer matrix weakly depend on temperature and remain qualitatively the same. (ii) In the intermediate temperature range, significant changes in the shape of spectra are observed. (iii) A new phenomenon was revealed near and below glass transition temperature: narrowing of linewidths occurs while the ratio of amplitudes of different components varies insignificantly. Analysis of molecular rotational mobility was carried out by means of commonly used empirical approaches. It was shown that widely used formulas and empirical approaches are not applicable for characterization of molecular mobility in glassy polymers. Mechanisms of rotational molecular movements in glassy polymers are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 563–575, 2009
Electrical breakdown in high‐density polyethylene/graphite nanosheets conductive composites
Authors: Zhou Lichun , Lin Jingshan , Chen Guohua 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe electrical breakdown is investigated in high‐density polyethylene/graphite nanosheets (HDPE/GNs) conductive composites. A sample suffers electrical breakdown when the applied field exceeds the critical electrical breakdown field below which the sample reaches a stable state. It is found that the ratio of the critical electrical breakdown resistance to the linear resistance assumes a fixed value Y, which is found to be about 1.30 in HDPE/GNs conductive composites. The value Y is independent of GNs' content, sample size, breakdown cycle, but depends on the property of GNs. The critical breakdown field Eb scales with the resistance R0 as $E_{\rm b}\sim R_0^{y_{\rm b}}$ with the exponent yb = 0.46 ± 0.02, which is close to the value predicted in mean‐field theory but higher than the value given by the singly connected bonds networks. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 576–582, 2009
Effect of a few repeating stereosequences on electrical space charge behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Guarrotxena Nekane , Retes Jesus , Agnel Serge , Toureille Alain 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThree films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (samples X, Y, and Z) were prepared by compression molding of purified polymers as polymers having different tacticities. They were exhaustively characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy so as to be able to evaluate the differences in content of the repeating stereosequences:…mmrm… (termini of isotactic sequences); ….rrrmr (breaking off syndiotactic sequences; pure heterotactic …mrmr… moistures; and atactic parts. By applying the so‐called thermal step method, the behavior in space charge showed a priority charge injection from both electrodes and some polarization at the cathode. Some strong differences between the samples were evidenced and they accurately agree with the variations in the above repeating stereosequences for the samples. The results allow to define every stereosequence as specific trap of the distinct sorts of space charge, namely injection from the anode or the cathode and polarization. These attributions are common with those proposed for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly(propylene) (PP) in earlier work. Conversely, whether the priority charge is of injection or polarization type, depends markedly on the type of polymer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 633–639, 2009
Actigraphic assessment of daily sleep–activity pattern abnormalities reflects self‐assessed depression and anxiety in outpatients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Du‐Quiton Jovelyn , Wood Patricia A. , Burch James B. , Grutsch James F. , Gupta Digant , Tyer Kevin , Lis Christopher G. , Levin Robert D. , Quiton Dinah Faith T. , Reynolds Justin L. , Hrushesky William J. M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives: We measured subjectively evaluated depression and anxiety, and objectively measured daily sleep–activity patterns in inpatients and outpatients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and determined whether cancer‐associated depression and anxiety are accompanied by characteristic circadian rhythm abnormalities.Methods: Equal numbers of inpatients (n=42) and outpatients (n=42) with advanced NSCLC were studied. Baseline depression and anxiety, assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and actigraphy were recorded before chemotherapy initiation. The effects of the presence and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on depression, anxiety, and actigraphy were assessed only among the 42 outpatients.Results: Anxiety occurred in 40% and depression in 25% of these lung cancer patients, equally among inpatients and outpatients. All patients suffer extremely disturbed daily sleep–activity cycles but each patient also maintains some degree of circadian organization. Outpatients maintain more robust daily activity patterns and longer, more consolidated nighttime sleep compared with inpatients. The more disrupted the daily sleep–activity rhythm, the worse the depression and/or anxiety scores for outpatients. These relationships are obscured among inpatients. COPD has no independent measurable effects on the daily organization of sleep–activity, depression, or anxiety.Conclusions: Lung cancer patients whose diurnal activity is disturbed by prolonged and frequent sedentary episodes and whose sleep is disturbed by frequent and prolonged waking are most anxious and depressed. These findings and relationships are masked by hospitalization. Since diurnal exercise improves both sleep and mood, it is reasonable to test whether enhancing daytime activity and nighttime sleep can diminish cancer‐associated depression. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suspension Structure Effects on Transmission Fluctuation Spectrometry with Autocorrelation: Theoretical Prediction, Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification
Authors: Guo Xiaoai , Riebel Ulrich 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe spatial structure of particle suspensions changes gradually with the particle concentration or monolayer density, and hence, affects the statistical properties of the transmission fluctuations. The changes of the suspension structure can be traced back to the concentration dependent changes in the structure of particle monolayers by using the layer model.In the present paper, transmission fluctuation signals of radiation through a monolayer of monodisperse, opaque, hard spherical particles are investigated by the autocorrelation technique in the time domain, mathematically expressed in terms of the expectancy of the transmission product (ETP). By changing the autocorrelation time, a transmission fluctuation spectrum is obtained and can be applied to perform particle size analysis. Due to the fact that the ETP and the expectancy of the transmission (ET) are measurable directly from the experiments, the corresponding transmission fluctuation correlation properties are characterized by a transition function, H, which is defined as H = lnETP/lnET for practical purposes.By using the direct correlation function proposed in a previous paper, the theory of transmission fluctuation spectrometry with the autocorrelation technique (TFS‐AC) is extended to high particle concentrations or monolayer densities. In order to observe the effect of the monolayer density on the spatial structure of the monolayer, some numerical simulations are performed on the TFS‐AC. Measurements on a flowing suspension of large particles are carried out using a narrow focused beam of the He‐Ne laser. The experimental results are found to be in agreement with the theoretical prediction and numerical simulations on the transition function over a wide range of monolayer densities. All of these considerations are based to date on the assumptions of geometrical ray propagation and monodisperse, opaque, hard spheres.
Assessing the Reliability of Particle Number Density Measurements Obtained by Image Analysis
Authors: Larsen Paul A. , Rawlings James B. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractParticle number density measurements obtained by image analysis are biased by edge effects and particle overlap. This paper presents an estimator for particle number density that accounts for both edge effects and particle overlap. Using the output of advanced image analysis applied to artificial images, the estimator is shown to enable effective estimation of particle number density for monodisperse particulate systems at high densities. This paper also proposes a single dimensionless number that correlates with the reliability of the inferred PSD based on the likely number of overlaps per particle. As this dimensionless group becomes large, the degree of overlap and occlusion in the images makes image analysis difficult and unreliable. This parameter can aid practitioners in finding the proper sampling conditions to obtain accurate PSD measurements.
Electrical properties of Ge nanocrystals grown in a SiO2 matrix using MeV electron beam irradiation
Authors: Kim D. H. , Cho H. Y. , Yang W.‐C. , Han Y. H. , Lee B. C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe structural and electrical properties of Ge nanocrystals (Ge‐NCs) grown in a SiO2 matrix using high energy electron beam irradiation are investigated. The Ge‐NCs in a SiO2 were formed by irradiation of the electron beam on a tri‐layers (SiO2(20 nm)/Ge(5 nm)/SiO2(10 nm)) grown on a Si(001) substrate and followed by annealing. For a sample exposed in the atmosphere by electron beam with energy of 1 MeV and a dose of ∼5 × 1016 e/cm2, and then annealed at 700 °C for 10 min, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurement revealed the formation of Ge‐NCs with average size of ∼20 nm in a SiO2 matrix. For a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structure synthesized by Al deposition on the top of the sample, the capacitance–voltage (C –V) measurements showed the hysteresis loops with a flatband voltage shift (ΔVFB) of ∼5.0 V, which would originate mainly from Ge‐NCs as the charge storage nodes. In contrast, for a sample annealed at above 900 °C for 10 min without electron beam irradiation, we could obtain a similar hysteresis loop of ∼4.0 V. This indicates that the e‐beam irradiation process can lead to temperature reduction of ∼200 °C for Ge‐NCs formation by annealing process. We propose that the temperature reduction would result from crystallity enhancement of Ge layers in the initial stage of Ge‐NCs formation due to Ge atomic displacements induced by the high energy electron beam. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spin‐flip quenching in trion state mediated by optical phonons in a single quantum dot
Authors: Kumano H. , Ekuni S. , Kobayashi H. , Sasakura H. , Suemune I. , Adachi S. , Muto S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHigh degree of preservation of spin states mediated by optical phonons is demonstrated with a positive trion state in a single quantum dot. At the optical phonon resonance, suppression of spin relaxation is clearly identified as dip structures in photoluminescence excitation spectra under cross‐circularly polarize detection with respect to a pumping. As a result, distinguishably high degree of circular polarization up to ∼0.85 is achieved in the absence of external magnetic field, which is not the case for neutral excitons with finite fine structure splitting. The absence of continuum states plays a crucial role for this observation. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of strain on the band gap energy of wurtzite InN
Authors: Schley P. , Goldhahn R. , Gobsch G. , Feneberg M. , Thonke K. , Wang X. , Yoshikawa A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDegenerate wurtzite InN films with electron concentrations in the range of 1018 cm–3 were studied by using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) in two spectral ranges. The analysis of the frequencies of the coupled phonon‐plasmon modes in the mid‐infrared region allows the determination of the plasma frequency and thus of the carrier density in the bulk of the samples. SE from the near‐infrared to the visible range provides the dielectric function (DF) around the absorption edge. The electron concentration as an important input parameter enables accurate determination of Burstein–Moss shift and band‐gap renormalization for the analysis of the imaginary part of the DF. Taking into account the in‐plane strain of the films, which is caused by lattice mismatch between InN and buffer/substrate, we obtain a zero‐density strain‐free band gap of 0.675 eV at room temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cu‐induced poly‐Si/SiO2/α‐Si multilayer film with high reflectivity across the whole visible band
Authors: Zhang Wenyan , Li Dejie , Wang Jian 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA glass‐based poly‐Si/SiO2/α‐Si multilayer film with high reflectivity across the whole visible band is realized and reported in this letter, which could be used in plasma display panels to improve their luminescent efficiency. All the layers are deposited by dc sputtering at room temperature. The poly‐Si layer is formed by Cu‐induced α‐Si crystallization with crystallization degree of ∼73% and crystal grain size of ∼48 nm. With alternating high refractive index of α‐Si and poly‐Si and low refractive index of SiO2, the total reflectivity is higher than 60% across most of the whole visible band and ∼80% within the 400–700 nm range.magnified image(© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Single‐Molecule Experiments to Elucidate the Minimal Requirement for DNA Recognition by Transcription Factor Epitopes
Authors: Wollschläger Katrin , Gaus Katharina , Körnig André , Eckel Rainer , Wilking Sven‐David , McIntosh Matthew , Majer Zsuzsanna , Becker Anke , Ros Robert , Anselmetti Dario , Sewald Norbert 
Published: February 2009

AbstractInteractions between proteins and DNA are essential for the regulation of cellular processes in all living organisms. In this context, it is of special interest to investigate the sequence‐specific molecular recognition between transcription factors and their cognate DNA sequences. As a model system, peptide and protein epitopes of the DNA‐binding domain (DBD) of the transcription factor PhoB from Escherichia coli are analyzed with respect to DNA binding at the single‐molecule level. Peptides representing the amphiphilic recognition helix of the PhoB DBD (amino acids 190–209) are chemically synthesized and C‐terminally modified with a linker for atomic force microscopy–dynamic force spectroscopy experiments (AFM–DFS). For comparison, the entire PhoB DBD is overexpressed in E. coli and purified using an intein‐mediated protein purification method. To facilitate immobilization for AFM–DFS experiments, an additional cysteine residue is ligated to the protein. Quantitative AFM–DFS analysis proves the specificity of the interaction and yields force‐related properties and kinetic data, such as thermal dissociation rate constants. An alanine scan for strategic residues in both peptide and protein sequences is performed to reveal the contributions of single amino acid residues to the molecular‐recognition process. Additionally, DNA binding is substantiated by electrophoretic mobility‐shift experiments. Structural differences of the peptides, proteins, and DNA upon complex formation are analyzed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. This combination of techniques eventually provides a concise picture of the contribution of epitopes or single amino acids in PhoB to DNA binding.
Large-area bi-component processing of organic semiconductors by spray deposition and spin coating with orthogonal solvents
Authors: Treossi Emanuele , Liscio Andrea , Feng Xinliang , Palermo Vincenzo , Müllen Klaus , Samorì Paolo 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Micrometre-thick uniform layers of a polymeric semiconductor (poly(3-hexylthiophene), P3HT) have been fabricated from solution by spray deposition making use of a commercial airbrush. Multi-scale characterization by optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed the formation of smooth layers featuring reproducible patterns of spatially correlated micron-sized holes. This morphology was found to be uniform over the whole sample surface, on millimetre scale. On this micro-patterned P3HT layer an orthogonal solvent (i.e. a solvent which does not dissolve the P3HT) has been employed to deposit either by spin coating or by drop casting a second organic semiconductor. While spin-coated films exhibited nano-crystals of an alkylated perylene tetracarboxy diimide (PDI) preferentially grown into the micro-fabricated holes, drop-cast films displayed crystalline PDI fibres adsorbed on the patterned surface in random positions.