bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cigarette smoking and alveolar bone height in subjects with a high standard of oral hygiene
Authors: Bergström Jan , Eliasson Sören 
Published: December 2005

Abstract.Smokers and non‐smokers were compared with respect to alveolar bone height. The study covered 235 subjects aged 21 60 years, 72 of whom were smokers. Oral hygiene status and dental care habits were above average and of equal standard in both groups (P11 = 0.9). Alveolar bone height was assessed on radiographs and expressed as % of the root length, Alveolar bone height was significantly reduced in smokers as compared to non‐smokers, the mean ± SEM being 77.9 ± 1.3% and 82.8, ± 0.6%. respectively (p < 0.001), Regression analysis suggested that periodontal breakdown judged from loss of alveolar bone over time was more accelerated m smokers than non‐smokers. The lower hone height in smokers remained when age and oral hygiene were followed for. It is concluded that smoking is a risk factor for periodontal health.
Aspects of the validity of buccal loss of attachment ≥ 1 mm in studies of early periodontitis
Authors: Clerehugh Valerie , Lennon Michael A. , Worthington Helen V. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract The aim of this study was to consider the validity of measurements of loss of attachment on buccal surfaces in studies of early periodontitis and in particular to monitor the development of loss of attachment ≥ 1 mm on buccal surfaces over a 2‐year study period in 229 subjects initially aged 14.3 years and to relate this loss of attachment to gingival status and oral cleanliness at baseline. 3 subgroups were considered: the first comprised 83 subjects who developed no loss of attachment over the 2‐year study period; subgroup 2 comprised 56 subjects who developed loss of attachment ≥ I mm on buccal surfaces only; subgroup 3 comprised 75 subjects who developed loss of attachment ≥ 1 mm on at least 1 buccal surface and on at least 1 mesio‐buccal surface over the study period. The mean number of buccal sites with plaque, subgingival calculus, gingival colour change and gingival bleeding at baseline was lower in subgroup 2 than subgroup 3, the differences being significant for the latter three variables. The data failed to reject the null hypothesis of no differences between subgroups 2 and 1.It was concluded that the buccal loss of attachment ≥ 1 mm found in subgroup 2 at age 16 years was associated with few oral deposits and little gingival inflammation and could probably be related to toothbrushing practices. In contrast, the buccal loss of attachment that developed in subgroup 3 was associated with oral deposits, especially subgingival calculus, and gingival inflammation, and it seemed reasonable to attribute this to early periodontitis. In view of these 2 possible different aetiologies for buccal loss of attachment, it is recommended that in studies of early periodontitis, loss of attachment measurements should be restricted to proximal surfaces.
Surgical treatment of severe periodontitis in a haemophilic patient with inhibitors to factor VIII
Authors: Sindet‐Pedersen Steen , Stenbjerg Stener , Ingerslev Jørgen , Karring Thorkild 
Published: December 2005

Abstract. This report describes the surgical treatment of advanced periodontitis in a haemophilic patient with inhibitors to Factor VIII. The treatment was performed after substitution therapy with Factor VIII‐concentrate, supported by local and systemic antifibrinolytic treatment with tranexamic acid. No complications developed postoperatively, and after 9 months, the patient did not show recurrence of periodontal disease. Although the present case shows, that even severe periodontitis can be treated surgically in haemophilic patients with inhibitors to Factor VIII, this should not be done unless it is absolutely necessary.The treatment of periodontal disease in such patients should be instituted as early as possible in order to prevent the need for extensive surgery or dental extractions.
To Our Children's Children's Children: From Promoting to Achieving Compliance in High Seas Fisheries
Authors: Rayfuse Rosemary 
Published: December 2005

AbstractRegional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs) have adopted a range of measures aimed at promoting compliance with the conservation and management measures they adopt and at deterring IUU fishing. However, enforcement of those measures continues to be problematic. This article reviews current compliance and enforcement measures, and discusses their shortcomings. It then examines the legal basis for the adoption by RFMOs of an expanded range of measures aimed at strengthening their enforcement capability and provides practical suggestions as to the possible content of those new measures. Particular attention is paid to the modus operandi of international co-operation and the emerging practice of non-flag state enforcement.
Fishing Aspirations and Fishing Capacity: Two Key Management Issues
Authors: Metzner Rebecca 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis article explores a variety of topics related to fishing aspirations and capacity management—two key components of effective management of high seas fisheries. Because of the profound influence of capacity management and capacity reduction measures on the way participants give effect to their aspirations and conduct their fishing operations, the article details the critical linkages between established capacity management options and their respective abilities to address capacity concerns, affect fishing behaviour, and accommodate fishing aspirations. The article begins with a discussion of fishing aspirations, examines established capacity management measures, and considers some of the challenges and opportunities for addressing fishing aspirations and capacity management in high seas fisheries.
Microcellular Injection Molded Wood Fiber-PP Composites: Part I - Effect of Chemical Foaming Agent Content on Cell Morphology and Physico-mechanical Properties
Authors: Bledzki Andrzej K. , Faruk Omar 
Published: December 2005

Microcellular wood fiber reinforced polymer materials have important applications because of their ability to reduce the density of automotive components due to their structure-property advantages. This research investigates the effects of chemical foaming agent content on cell morphology, density, and mechanical (tensile, flexural, and impact) properties of microcellular injection molded wood fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. The effects of various concentrations (2-5 wt% of the composites) of the exothermic chemical foaming agent on the properties of the composites was studied with a view of establishing the concentration-structure-property relationships for these materials. The results indicate that exothermic 2 wt% content shows finer microcellular structure than other contents, dependent on wood fiber content. Density was reduced with all foaming agent contents, to a maximum of 30%, and decreased up to 0.739 g/cm3 at wood fiber content of 30 wt% with coupling agent. Mechanical properties increased nearly 80% with the addition of coupling agent.
Cannabis use, cognitive performance and mood in a sample of workers
Authors: Wadsworth E. J. K. , Moss S. C. , Simpson S. A. , Smith A. P. 
Published: December 2005

There are well documented acute and chronic effects of cannabis use on mental functioning. However, less is known about any effects on cognition within the context of work and everyday life. The aim of the study was to examine any association between cannabis use and cognitive performance, mood and human error at work. Cannabis users and controls completed a battery of laboratory based computer tasks measuring mood and cognitive function pre- and post-work at the start and end of a working week. They also completed daily diaries reporting their work performance. Cannabis use was associated with impairment in both cognitive function and mood, though cannabis users reported no more workplace errors than controls. Cannabis use was associated with lower alertness and slower response organization. In addition, users experienced working memory problems at the start, and psychomotor slowing and poorer episodic recall at the end of the working week. This pattern of results suggests two possible effects. First a ‘hangover’-type effect which may increase with frequency of use. Second a subtle effect on cognitive function, perhaps more apparent under cognitive load and/or fatigue, which may increase with more prolonged use. The results also highlight the importance of the timing of testing within the context and routine of everyday life.
‘Bridge-mixing’ of Gasified Fuel Vapors and Simultaneous Ignitions of Different Combustibles at Flashover
Authors: Chow W. K. , Han S. S. , Du W. F. 
Published: December 2005

‘Bridge-mixing’ of igniting fuel vapors gasified from different combustibles by thermal radiation during flashover is presented in this article. This explains why combustible items of different ignition temperatures appear to be ignited at roughly the same time in flashover. Sample cubes of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), and wood are tested in a cone calorimeter at high thermal radiative heat fluxes of 50 and 70 kW m 2. Two samples are tested each time. Different arrangements of the fuel tray are made to give different mixing of fuel vapors. It is observed that fuel vapors gasified from combustibles with different ignition temperatures are ignited simultaneously under some mixing conditions, depending on the geometry of the fuel tray under the cone. Mixing of gasified fuel vapors by the fire-induced airflow in rooms of different geometry is a key factor in igniting each combustible item. This releases more heat and generates flames to give conditions satisfying the flashover criteria.
Critical role for the Ets transcription factor ELF-1 in the development of tumor angiogenesis
Authors: Huang Xuling , Brown Courtney , Ni Weihua , Maynard Elizabeth , Rigby Alan C. , Oettgen Peter 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe Ets transcription factors regulate a wide variety of biologic processes. Several members have been shown to play a role in regulating angiogenesis and vascular development. For example, the Ets factor ELF-1 is enriched in the developing vasculature of the embryo, where it regulates the expression of the Tie2 gene. We have determined that ELF-1 and Tie2 expression is also enriched in tumor blood vessels, and have identified a short peptide, 34 amino acids in length, corresponding to the terminal portion of the highly conserved ETS domain that potently blocks the function of ELF-1. A tailored ELF-1 blocking peptide, containing a 12–amino acid HIV-1 TAT protein, readily crosses the cell membrane and enters into the nucleus of endothelial cells, leading to a marked reduction in the expression of ELF-1 gene targets including Tie2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Furthermore, the ELF-1 blocking peptide potently inhibits angiopoietin-1–mediated endothelial cell migration. Systemic administration of this peptide markedly attenuates B16 melanoma tumor growth and tumor-associated angiogenesis in nude mice. These results support the function of ELF-1 in the regulation of Tie2 gene expression during the development of tumor angiogenesis.
Minimal molecular response in polycythemia vera patients treated with imatinib or interferon alpha
Authors: Jones Amy V. , Silver Richard T. , Waghorn Katherine , Curtis Claire , Kreil Sebastian , Zoi Katerina , Hochhaus Andreas , Oscier David , Metzgeroth Georgia , Lengfelder Eva , Reiter Andreas , Chase Andrew J. , Cross Nicholas C. P. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Imatinib and recombinant interferon alpha (rIFNα) can induce remission in polycythemia vera (PV) patients, but gauging the depth of responses has not been possible due to lack of a specific disease marker. We found that patients undergoing imatinib (n = 14) or rIFNα (n = 7) therapy remained strongly positive for V617F JAK2, although there was a significant reduction in the median percentage of mutant alleles that correlated with hematologic response (P = .001). Furthermore, individuals who achieved complete hematologic remission had lower levels of V617F than those who did not (P = .001). Of 9 imatinib-treated cases for whom pretreatment samples were available, 7 with no or partial hematologic responses showed a marginal increase (median, 1.2-fold; range, 1.0-1.5) in the percentage of V617F alleles on treatment, whereas the 2 patients who achieved complete hematologic remission showed a 2- to 3-fold reduction. Our data indicate that, although PV patients may benefit from imatinib or rIFNα, molecular responses are relatively modest.
A microarray data-based semi-kinetic method for predicting quantitative dynamics of genetic networks
Authors: Yugi Katsuyuki , Nakayama Yoichi , Kojima Shigen , Kitayama Tomoya , Tomita Masaru 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Background
Elucidating the dynamic behaviour of genetic regulatory networks is one of the most significant challenges in systems biology. However, conventional quantitative predictions have been limited to small networks because publicly available transcriptome data has not been extensively applied to dynamic simulation.

Results
We present a microarray data-based semi-kinetic (MASK) method which facilitates the prediction of regulatory dynamics of genetic networks composed of recurrently appearing network motifs with reasonable accuracy. The MASK method allows the determination of model parameters representing the contribution of regulators to transcription rate from time-series microarray data. Using a virtual regulatory network and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomal protein gene module, we confirmed that a MASK model can predict expression profiles for various conditions as accurately as a conventional kinetic model.

Conclusion
We have demonstrated the MASK method for the construction of dynamic simulation models of genetic networks from time-series microarray data, initial mRNA copy number and first-order degradation constants of mRNA. The quantitative accuracy of the MASK models has been confirmed, and the results indicated that this method enables the prediction of quantitative dynamics in genetic networks composed of commonly used network motifs, which cover considerable fraction of the whole network.
Gene capture prediction and overlap estimation in EST sequencing from one or multiple libraries
Authors: Wang Ji-Ping Z , Lindsay Bruce G , Cui Liying , Wall P Kerr , Marion Josh , Zhang Jiaxuan , dePamphilis Claude W 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Background
In expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing, we are often interested in how many genes we can capture in an EST sample of a targeted size. This information provides insights to sequencing efficiency in experimental design, as well as clues to the diversity of expressed genes in the tissue from which the library was constructed.

Results
We propose a compound Poisson process model that can accurately predict the gene capture in a future EST sample based on an initial EST sample. It also allows estimation of the number of expressed genes in one cDNA library or co-expressed in two cDNA libraries. The superior performance of the new prediction method over an existing approach is established by a simulation study. Our analysis of four Arabidopsis thaliana EST sets suggests that the number of expressed genes present in four different cDNA libraries of Arabidopsis thaliana varies from 9155 (root) to 12005 (silique). An observed fraction of co-expressed genes in two different EST sets as low as 25% can correspond to an actual overlap fraction greater than 65%.

Conclusion
The proposed method provides a convenient tool for gene capture prediction and cDNA library property diagnosis in EST sequencing.
Simplified screening for the detection of soluble fusion constructs expressed in E. coli using a modular set of vectors
Authors: Dümmler Annett , Lawrence Ann-Marie , de Marco Ario 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Background
The solubility of recombinant proteins expressed in bacteria is often disappointingly low. Several strategies have been developed to improve the yield and one of the most common strategies is the fusion of the target protein with a suitable partner. Despite several reports on the successful use of each of these carriers to increase the solubility of some recombinant proteins, none of them was always successful and a combinatorial approach seems more efficient to identify the optimal combination for a specific protein. Therefore, the efficiency of an expression system critically depends on the speed in the identification of the optimal combination for the suitable fusion candidate in a screening process. This paper describes a set of expression vectors (pETM) designed for rapid subcloning, expression and subsequent purification using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC).

Results
A single PCR product of two Yellow Fluorescent Proteins (EYFPs) was cloned into 18 vectors comprising identical restriction sites and varying fusion partners as well as differing protease recognition sites. After a small-scale expression, the yields of the different constructs were compared using a Coomassie stained SDS-polyacrylamide gel and the results of this preliminary screening were then confirmed by large-scale purification. The yields were calculated and the stability of the different constructs determined using three independent conditions. The results indicated a significant correlation between the length and composition of non-native amino acid tails and stability. Furthermore, the buffer specificity of TEV and 3C proteases was tested using fusion proteins differing only in their protease recognition sequence, and a His-GST-EYFP construct was employed to compare the efficiency of the two alternative affinity purification methods.

Conclusion
The experiments showed that the set of pETM vectors could be used for the rapid production of a large array of different constructs with specific yield, stability, and cleavage features. Their comparison allowed the identification of the optimal constructs to use for the large-scale expression. We expect that the approach outlined in this paper, i.e. the possibility to obtain in parallel fusion products of the target protein with different partners for a preliminary evaluation, would be highly beneficial for all them who are interested in the rapid identification of the optimal conditions for protein expression.
Adipose energy stores, physical work, and the metabolic syndrome: lessons from hummingbirds
Authors: Hargrove James L 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Hummingbirds and other nectar-feeding, migratory birds possess unusual adaptive traits that offer important lessons concerning obesity, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Hummingbirds consume a high sugar diet and have fasting glucose levels that would be severely hyperglycemic in humans, yet these nectar-fed birds recover most glucose that is filtered into the urine. Hummingbirds accumulate over 40% body fat shortly before migrations in the spring and autumn. Despite hyperglycemia and seasonally elevated body fat, the birds are not known to become diabetic in the sense of developing polyuria (glucosuria), polydipsia and polyphagia. The tiny (3–4 g) Ruby-throated hummingbird has among the highest mass-specific metabolic rates known, and loses most of its stored fat in 20 h by flying up to 600 miles across the Gulf of Mexico. During the breeding season, it becomes lean and maintains an extremely accurate energy balance. In addition, hummingbirds can quickly enter torpor and reduce resting metabolic rates by 10-fold. Thus, hummingbirds are wonderful examples of the adaptive nature of fat tissue, and may offer lessons concerning prevention of metabolic syndrome in humans.
p21WAF1 expression induced by MEK/ERK pathway activation or inhibition correlates with growth arrest, myogenic differentiation and onco-phenotype reversal in rhabdomyosarcoma cells
Authors: Ciccarelli Carmela , Marampon Francesco , Scoglio Arianna , Mauro Annunziata , Giacinti Cristina , De Cesaris Paola , Zani Bianca M 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackgroundp21WAF1, implicated in the cell cycle control of both normal and malignant cells, can be induced by p53-dependent and independent mechanisms. In some cells, MEKs/ERKs regulate p21WAF1transcriptionally, while in others they also affect the post-transcriptional processes. In myogenic differentiation, p21WAF1expression is also controlled by the myogenic transcription factor MyoD. We have previously demonstrated that the embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell line undergoes growth arrest and myogenic differentiation following treatments with TPA and the MEK inhibitor U0126, which respectively activate and inhibit the ERK pathway.In this paper we attempt to clarify the mechanism of ERK-mediated and ERK-independent growth arrest and myogenic differentiation of embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines, particularly as regards the expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21WAF1.Resultsp21WAF1expression and growth arrest are induced in both embryonal (RD) and alveolar (RH30) rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines following TPA or MEK/ERK inhibitor (U0126) treatments, whereas myogenic differentiation is induced in RD cells alone. Furthermore, the TPA-mediated post-transcriptional mechanism of p21WAF1-enhanced expression in RD cells is due to activation of the MEK/ERK pathway, as shown by transfections with constitutively active MEK1 or MEK2, which induces p21WAF1expression, and with ERK1 and ERK2 siRNA, which prevents p21WAF1expression. By contrast, U0126-mediated p21WAF1expression is controlled transcriptionally by the p38 pathway. Similarly, myogenin and MyoD expression is induced both by U0126 and TPA and is prevented by p38 inhibition. Although MyoD and myogenin depletion by siRNA prevents U0126-mediated p21WAF1expression, the over-expression of these two transcription factors is insufficient to induce p21WAF1. These data suggest that the transcriptional mechanism of p21WAF1expression in RD cells is rescued when MEK/ERK inhibition relieves the functions of myogenic transcription factors. Notably, the forced expression of p21WAF1in RD cells causes growth arrest and the reversion of anchorage-independent growth.ConclusionOur data provide evidence of the key role played by the MEK/ERK pathway in the growth arrest of Rhabdomyosarcoma cells. The results of this study suggest that the targeting of MEK/ERKs to rescue p21WAF1expression and myogenic transcription factor functions leads to the reversal of the Rhabdomyosarcoma phenotype.