bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of nanoparticles in silk fibroin solution: Toward water‐stable silk fibroin films possessing silk I structure
Authors: Tariq Zeeshan , Zhu Ziqing , Tariq Muhammad Husnain , Wang Yongfeng , Liu Jian , Hai Abdul Moqeet , Khan Asfandyar , Wang Xiaoqin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWater‐stable silk fibroin (SF) films are normally prepared by transforming the secondary structure of SF, from amorphous silk I (random coils) to silk II (β‐sheet), via physical or chemical means. Although mechanically strong, these films are generally brittle. Herein, we prepared water‐stable flexible SF films possessing silk I rather than silk II structure. Films were prepared by casting SF solution possessing SF nanoparticles induced by two different methods: (1) pre‐prepared SF nanoparticles by ethanol were added into SF solution; (2) nanoparticles were induced in SF solution via autoclaving. These films were compared with each other and with water‐annealed and methonol‐annealed films for their secondary structure and physical properties. The as‐prepared films were primarily composed of silk I structure, as validated by x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. However, the water‐annealed and methanol‐annealed films exhibited silk II structure. The films prepared by induction of nanoparticles were water‐stable, transparent, mechanically strong (tensile strength as high as 5.14 ± 1.43 MPa), exhibited tunable degradation and sustained drug release properties. As for mechanical properties, these films displayed 4 times and 12 times improved mechanical ductility as compared with water‐annealed and methanol‐annealed films, respectively. Moreover, these films exhibited fast enzymatic degradation as compared with their counterparts with silk II structure. These films hold great promise as a biomaterial for tissue engineering applications especially where flexibility and fast degradation of scaffold are important.
Applications of surface‐grafted polymer brushes with various architectures
Authors: Kiełbasa Anna , Kowalczyk Karolina , Chajec‐Gierczak Kamila , Bała Justyna , Zapotoczny Szczepan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSurface‐grafted polymer brushes (PBs) are a versatile class of thin coatings that exhibit unique properties due to their densely grafted polymer chains. PBs are typically formed through surface‐initiated polymerizations, particularly reversible deactivation radical polymerizations, and macromolecules adopt extended conformations that differentiate them from classical polymer films. This review explores various applications of PBs, emphasizing their macromolecular ordering, dynamic conformational changes, anisotropic properties, and so forth. The growing interest in utilizing PBs for functional coatings is discussed in various fields, including electronic, biological, and environmental applications. In electronic applications, PBs find relevance in photovoltaics, energy storage devices, organic light‐emitting diodes, and organic electronics, showcasing their potential in advancing electronic technologies. In biological applications, they contribute to the formation of antifouling and antibacterial coatings, as well as superior lubrication and cellular adhesion, making them valuable in biomedical settings. Other applications include biosensors, bioimaging systems, and drug delivery systems, highlighting their significant contributions to medical advancements. Additionally, PBs play an important role in environmental applications such as water and wastewater treatment. A variety of recent examples of the applications of surface‐grafted PBs are presented, providing insights into their unique properties and architectures that contribute to their success in demanding areas of science and technology.
Subitizing endures in sequential rather than simultaneous comparison tasks
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Chunhui , Tian Jinglin , Cicchini Guido Marco 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSubitizing is the ability to appraise a number of small quantities (up to four) rapidly and precisely. This system, however, can be impaired by distractors presented along with targets to be enumerated. To better understand whether this limitation arises in perceptual circuits or in the response selection stage, we investigated whether subitizing can endure in simultaneous comparison tasks. Participants were asked to compare the number of dots in two sets on the left and right sides of the screen, presented either simultaneously or sequentially. For comparing within the numerosity range (6–32 dots), both the error rate and reaction time increased steadily as the ratio between the two numbers compared approached “1.” Namely, a phenomenon labeled the ratio effect was revealed. For comparison with small numbers (<5), the sequential comparison task was errorless despite the ratio, suggesting the feature of subitizing. Individual efficiency (measured by the inverse efficiency score [IES]) did not correlate between number ranges in sequential comparison, suggesting that distinct mechanisms were involved. However, we found that in simultaneous tasks, error rate and efficiency showed an increase as the ratios of the two numbers compared approached “1.” This is similar to the ratio effect revealed in the comparison for moderate numbers. Individual efficiency within these two ranges correlated, indicating that the enumeration within these two ranges was based on a single mechanism. These results suggest that subitizing cannot process sets in parallel, and numerosity takes the job whenever subitizing fails.
Is matching or discrepancy between filial piety expectation and filial support better? The role of filial support of children and social support
Authors: Li Xiying , Zhang Xingyu , Liu Jing , Cao Yuxiang , Pi Zhongling , Peng Huamao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFilial piety in traditional Chinese culture is an essential variable in explaining intergenerational interaction. However, previous studies have not clarified whether older adults' filial responsibility expectations matched children's filial support and the effects of the filial discrepancy on their life satisfaction and loneliness. The latent profile analysis showed that older adults were divided into two groups: (1) high expectations and support, and (2) low expectations and support. The results showed that compared with older adults with low expectations and low support, those with high expectations and high support reported higher life satisfaction and lower loneliness. Additionally, social support played a moderating role in the effect of the groups of older adults on life satisfaction and loneliness. Our conclusion shows that filial support is an essential factor influencing older adult life satisfaction and loneliness, and social support is an effective supplement to filial support.
The effectiveness of the mental health social worker‐led multiprofessional program in preventing long‐term hospitalization and readmission in acute psychiatric inpatients in Japan: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Yanagisawa Yuta , Kimura Hiroshi , Komatsu Hideki , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Iyo Masaomi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimThe large number of new long‐stay (NLS) patients and high readmission rates in psychiatric hospitals are longstanding concerns in Japan despite reforms to encourage multidisciplinary support of such patients. Staffing shortages of specialists, especially mental health social workers (MHSWs), may be one of the reasons for these problems to remain unsolved.MethodsThe authors examined the effectiveness of the MHSW‐centered multidisciplinary care model in preventing NLSs and rehospitalization in terms of both patient dynamics and cost by retrospective comparison of before and after program implementation.ResultsAfter our program was introduced, NLS was almost completely prevented. In addition, a significant decrease in readmissions of involuntarily admitted patients was also observed. On the other hand, the resulting decrease in treatment costs and hospital revenues was mismatched by an increase in personnel costs.ConclusionWhile MHSW‐centered multidisciplinary care is effective for the community integration of patients, there are cost challenges. State policy changes are needed to resolve staffing problems, along with the introduction of appropriate indicators of community integration.
The effect of nanoclay filler addition on the foaming and mechanical properties of polypropylene
Authors: Yetgin Salih Hakan , Unal Huseyin , Ermis Kemal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, onium‐ion‐added nanoclay (NC)/microcellular polypropylene (PP) composites were created using a conventional injection molding machine. A chemical foaming agent was utilized to facilitate mixing. The primary focus was to analyze how altering the NC content affects the mechanical characteristics and the properties of the endothermic chemical foaming agent added PP/NC composites. The composites were created using a chemical foaming agent at a weight ratio of 1 wt% and NC at weight ratios of 0 wt%, 2.5 wt% and 5 wt%. The findings indicated that an increase in the NC ratio led to higher cell count and cell density, along with a reduction in cell diameter. Additionally, the outcomes demonstrated that the foaming of PP/NC composites resulted in decreased modulus of elasticity and tensile strength while enhancing impact strength. © 2024 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
The Effect of AlN Epilayer Growth Rate on the Growth of Semipolar (11–22) InGaN/GaN Light Emitting Diode
Authors: Tan Gary , Abu Bakar Ahmad Shuhaimi , Low Hann Sen , Ooi Chong Seng , Al‐Zuhairi Omar , Wong Yew Hoong , Norhaniza Rizuan , Abdul Rais Shamsul Amir , Abd Majid Wan Haliza 
Published: April 2024

This article presents the effect of aluminium nitride (AlN) epilayer (EPL) growth rate on the growth of semipolar (11–22) InGaN/GaN light emitting diode (LED). Three samples are grown with different AlN EPL growth rates, which are low (L1, 1.0 nm s−1), intermediate (L2, 1.3 nm s−1), and high (L3, 1.6 nm s−1) growth rate. The root‐mean‐square (RMS) and peak‐to‐valley roughness show an increasing trend with the increasing AlN EPL growth rate which is attributed to an increment in indium composition as justified by the photoluminescence results. The sample with AlN EPL growth rate of 1.3 nm s−1 (L2) exhibits an outstanding crystal quality in terms of defect densities reduction, with a minimum basal stacking fault density of 1.60 × 104 cm−1 as calculated. Besides that, the obvious fringes of InGaN/GaN peaks observed in 2θ−ω scan proves that a high abruptness multi‐quantum well is attained. Sample L2 also shows a single peak profile in both photoluminescence and electroluminescence spectra with green wavelength emission of 506 and 537 nm, respectively, indicating a homogeneous indium composition. As the injection current is swept from 5 to 40 mA for sample L2, a weak blueshift of ≈6 nm is observed which indicates a reduction in quantum‐confined Stark effect (QCSE).
Role of Bay of Bengal low‐pressure systems in the formation of mid‐tropospheric cyclones over the Arabian Sea and western India
Authors: Kushwaha Pradeep , Sukhatme Jai , Nanjundiah Ravi S 
Published: April 2024

AbstractArabian Sea mid‐tropospheric cyclones (MTCs), responsible for extreme rainfall events in Western India, often coincide with monsoon low‐pressure systems (LPSs) over the Bay of Bengal. However, the influence of Bay of Bengal LPSs on the formation of Arabian Sea MTCs remains unclear. This study utilizes the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) to investigate the atmospheric connection between these two basins. By introducing a balanced bogus vortex over the Bay of Bengal, cyclonic systems are induced over the Arabian Sea in the majority of ensemble members, exhibiting characteristics consistent with observations. In particular, as the Bay of Bengal vortex moves westward, the middle tropospheric trough deepens, horizontal wind shear increases, the low‐level Arabian Sea stable inversion layer weakens, and the middle troposphere moisture content over Western India and the northeast Arabian Sea rises. Subsequently, MTC genesis occurs over the northeast Arabian Sea along the western edge of the trough within 2–4 days of model integration. A vorticity budget analysis highlights the critical role of vorticity advection and tilting during the initial 24 h of MTC genesis, while vortex stretching becomes the dominant vorticity source during rapid intensification. To substantiate these findings further, a mechanism denial experiment is conducted using a real‐world instance of a coexistent Arabian Sea MTC and Bay of Bengal LPS, replicated in the model. In this experiment, conditions unfavorable for LPS genesis are created by cooling and drying the Bay of Bengal. The results demonstrate that the absence or reduced intensity of the Bay of Bengal LPS inhibits formation of the Arabian Sea MTC. In all, this study presents compelling evidence for the significant influence of Bay of Bengal low‐pressure systems on the formation of severe weather‐inducing MTCs over the Arabian Sea and Western India.
Extended improved multiparameter exponential‐type potential energy function for diatomic molecules
Authors: Kang Deyu , Fan Qunchao , Fan Zhixiang , Li Huidong , Fu Jia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBased on the improved multiparameter exponential‐type potential (IMPET), an extended IMPET (EIMPET) potential has been suggested to reduce the discrepancy between the calculated and experimental values, improving the accuracy near the equilibrium and in the asymptotic region. The average fitting deviation δav and Root‐Mean‐Square (RMS) error is used to evaluate the performance of the potential which generates potential energy curves (PECs) and vibrational energy levels for ClF‐A(3Π1), CP‐X2Σ+, ICl‐X1Σ+, IBr‐X1Σ+, CO‐X1Σ+, and 6Li2‐X1Σ+ molecules that agree better with the Rydberg‐Klein‐Rees (RKR) data than Morse, Huxley‐Murrell (HM) and IMPET potentials. This work provides a reference for the construction and improvement of potential energy functions for diatomic molecules.
Solvent‐free sample preparation for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry of polymer blends
Authors: Dalgic Mete Sungur , Weidner Steffen 
Published: April 2024

RationaleSolvent‐free sample preparation offers some advantages over solvent‐based techniques, such as improved accuracy, reproducibility and sensitivity, for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) analysis. However, little or no information is available on the application of solvent‐free techniques for the MALDI analysis of polymer blends.MethodsSolvent‐free sample preparation by ball milling was applied with varying sample‐to‐matrix ratios for MALDI time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analysis of various polymers, including polystyrenes, poly(methyl methacrylate)s and poly(ethylene glycol)s. The peak intensity ratios were compared with those obtained after using the conventional dried droplet sample preparation method. In addition, solvent‐assisted milling was also applied to improve sample homogeneities.ResultsDepending on the sample preparation method used, different peak intensity ratios were found, showing varying degrees of suppression of the signal intensities of higher mass polymers. Ball milling for up to 30 min was required to achieve constant intensity ratios indicating homogeneous mixtures. The use of wet‐assisted grinding to improve the homogeneity of the blends was found to be disadvantageous as it caused partial degradation and mass‐dependent segregation of the polymers in the vials.ConclusionsThe results clearly show that solvent‐free sample preparation must be carefully considered when applied to synthetic polymer blends, as it may cause additional problems with regard to homogeneity and stability of the blends.
Effective treatment of steroid‐resistant immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis with mycophenolate mofetil
Authors: Shioiri Nao , Kikuchi Ryota , Matsumoto Itsuka , Furukawa Kanako , Kobayashi Kenichi , Abe Shinji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInsufficient evidence is available for treating steroid‐resistant immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP). Although guidelines recommend the use of immunosuppressants, the efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has not been sufficiently verified. We report two cases of steroid‐resistant CIP treated with MMF. Both patients responded to initial treatment with prednisolone (PSL), but the CIP flared up repeatedly as the steroids were gradually tapered off. Upon receiving MMF in addition to PSL, their subjective symptoms improved, and the shadows gradually disappeared, allowing for a reduction in the steroid dose. Ultimately, no CIP recurrence was observed despite discontinuing PSL and MMF. Both cases were completely resolved by treatment with MMF. This indicates that MMF may be effective in treating steroid‐resistant CIP. In the future, the effects and safety of MMF should be investigated in large‐scale clinical trials targeting patients with steroid‐resistant CIP.
Synthesis of PEI Grafted Poly (Ionic Liquid)s: Optimization and Kinetics Modeling of Effective CO2 Fixation Reactions
Authors: Liu Xuanbo , Li Ningning , Zhang Yuhang , Hao Yongjing , Zhu Zheng , Chang Tao , Liu Sen , Wang Xionglei , Qin Shenjun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFixing the greenhouse gas CO2 through epoxide helps to mitigate worldwide ecological troubles. The applications of metal‐free and solvent‐free catalysts remain a challenge for CO2 catalytic conversion. In this work, an array of quaternary ammonium salts derived from polyethyleneimine with hydroxyl groups ([PEI‐GDMAB‐Cn]Br) were constructed by the reaction of branched PEI with a molecular weight of 10000 and glycidyl alkyl dimethylammonium bromide. A range of experiments were designed to demonstrate that [PEI‐GDMAB‐Cn]Br can be considered as a valid metal‐free and solvent‐free homogeneous catalyst for the CO2‐epoxide cycloaddition reaction. Among of [PEI‐GDMAB‐Cn]Br, [PEI‐GDMAB‐C18]Br catalyzed the model reaction of CO2 and epichlorohydrin under optimized reaction conditions (T=80 °C, 1.0 atm CO2, catalyst 1 mol%, ECH 15 mmol, 16 h) and the conversion achieved at 97.5 %. Moreover, the catalyst exhibited stable reusability and broad substrate applicability, which was used in the following cycle succinctly, because of self‐separated properties by temperature control. The [PEI‐GDMAB‐C18]Br catalyzed reaction process was detected as a pseudo‐first‐order reaction after kinetic studies and an Ea was calculated to be 50.65 kJ/mol. A combinatorial catalytic mechanism of hydrogen bonding and bromide ions is suggested to explain the remarkable catalytic performance of this bifunctional catalyst.
Exploring Structure–Toxicity Relationships in Nitrobenzene and Derivatives: A Multifaceted Biochemical Investigation Using 3D–QSPR, HQSPR, Molecular Docking, and MD Simulation
Authors: Ouabane Mohamed , Zaki Khadija , Alaqarbeh Marwa , Guendouzi Abdelkrim , Sekkate Chakib , Sbai Abdelouahid , Bouachrine Mohammed , Lakhlifi Tahar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNitrobenzene derivatives present an environmental concern to aquatic organisms, as well as a potential adverse effects on human health due to their toxicity. Therefore, monitoring nitrobenzene contamination levels is critical to protect both the ecosystem and the public. This study aims to quantitatively correlate the toxicity of nitrobenzene derivatives to their chemical structures using computational chemistry methods such as 3D‐QSPR, HQSPR, Molecular Docking and MD simulation. Additionally, to investigate the type of interactions and stability of nitrobenzene derivatives with the PP2 protein involved in the Phloem protein 2 (PP2). From each computational method a prediction model was extracted HQSPR (Atomic, Bonds, Donor/Acceptor, 3D‐QSPR (Steric, Electrostatic, Hydrophobic, Acceptor), and used for the design of X1 and X2 new nitrobenzene derivatives, which showed remarkable stability and better interactions. This study contributes to the understanding of the nitrobenzene derivatives’ toxicity and offers materials towards the understanding of the mechanism of action of these substances in protein–ligand interactions.
Furfural Acetalization with Ethanol over Hierarchical vs. Conventional Beta Zeolites
Authors: Kopa Ivan , Yevdokimova Olha , Martínez‐Klimov Mark E. , Kurmach Mykhailo , Yu. Murzin Dmitry , Shcherban Nataliya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA set of hierarchical Beta zeolites was synthesized using concentrated reaction mixtures and compared to conventional materials with a similar composition. The obtained zeolite catalysts were investigated in acetalization of furfural with ethanol at room temperature yielding a commercially valuable fuel additive (furfural diethyl acetal). The highest yield of the desired product (91 %) was achieved over a zeolite catalyst possessing developed mesoporosity (Vmeso 0.75 cm3/g) and a high external surface area (280 m2/g). The concentration of accessible acid sites was found to be responsible for high catalytic performance of the tested zeolitic catalysts.
Synthesis of the First Representatives of new 3,3a‐Dihydro‐1H‐Imidazo[4′,5′:4,5]Imidazo[2,1‐b]thia(selena)zole Heterocyclic Systems with Fungicidal Activity
Authors: Galochkin Anton A. , Astakhova Maria K. , Alekseenko Anna L. , Baranov Vladimir V. , Strelenko Yurii A. , Popkov Sergey V. , Kravchenko Angelina N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe first representatives of new fused tricyclic heterosystems, namely 3,3a‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazo[4′,5′:4,5]imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles and 3,3a‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazo[4′,5′:4,5]imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]selenazoles have been synthesized through the regioselective reaction of diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate with semithioglycolurils, thioglycolurils or selenoglycolurils. Study of antifungal properties of the obtained compounds against Venturia inaequalis (V. i.), Rhizoctonia solani (R. s.), Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, Bipolaris sorokiniana (B. s.) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum phytopathogenic fungi has been performed. Tested compounds possessed good inhibition activity against R. s., B. s. with 45–94 % by mycelium growth inhibition test method, which were more active than the well–known azole fungicide triadimefon as positive control. The best active thiazole derivative was established to be effective against R. s. (94 %), B.s. (65 %) and V. i. (60 %). Two selenazole derivatives showed good activity with 69 % inhibition against R. s.