bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary double teeth in archeological medieval material from the area of Poland: A report on two cases
Authors: Borowska Beata , Marchewka‐Długońska Justyna , Dzieńkowski Tomasz , Wołoszyn Marcin , Budnik Alicja , Leszczyński Bartosz , Wróbel Andrzej , Mrożek Kamil , Bartecki Bartłomiej , Hyrchała Anna , Bruzda–Zwiech Agnieszka 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate primary double teeth in archeological material from the area of Poland and a brief review of the literature on the subject. Two cases of fusion of anterior primary teeth in two infants from past populations living in eastern (8th–9th cent. CE) and southern (15th cent. CE) parts of Poland are presented. A macroscopic as well as a radiographic assessment of the teeth was performed, which, in case 1, included a periapical X‐ray and CBCT imaging (Gendex–USA GXDP‐800) and, in case 2, scanning with a SkyScan micro‐CT scanner, along with reconstruction images made using NRECON SkyScan. In case 1, cross‐section and axial CBCT images showed that the fused teeth were joined by dentin in the lower portion of the crown and had two separate pulp chambers and one wide root canal. In case 2, a cross‐sectional microscan confirmed partial fusion with two distinct crowns, two pulp chambers, and one wide common root canal. The discovery of fused teeth in the remains of children, which are typically poorly preserved, is a rare event. Consequently, the reported first cases of double teeth originating from the 8th–9th and 15th centuries CE, found in Poland in Central Europe, are of great value, as they can be used to map dental anomalies in archaeological populations. 3D imaging technologies are essential to establish the final diagnosis of double teeth.
An approach to distinguish chemical and kinetic energy of reactive materials: PTFE/LiF as an inert substitute to PTFE/Al
Authors: Zhou Jie , Zhao Xufeng , Wang Shaohong , Yang He , Pi Aiguo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo distinguish between the kinetic and chemical contributions in the impact of PTFE/Al, this study explores the feasibility of introducing an inert substitute for PTFE/Al by substituting aluminum (Al) with inert materials. Three specimens were fabricated through a process involving mixing, compression, and sintering of raw materials The mechanical properties of these specimens were assessed. Dynamic fragmentation tests of PTFE/Al and PTFE/LiF specimens were performed. These results further substantiate the potential of PTFE/LiF as an inert alternative to PTFE/Al, the two materials exhibit comparable fragmentation distribution characteristics. A preliminary exploration of the energy release in both materials was conducted via vented chamber calorimetry tests. The findings reveal that, at an impact velocity of roughly 650 m/s, only 66.9 % of the materials were deposited into the chamber, with a mere 17.8 % being initiated, about 88.9 % of the total deposited energy results from the chemical reaction energy within the PTFE/Al materials. Importantly, this method demonstrates promise for further application in energy release analysis experiments for various PTFE/Al‐based reactive materials. These findings are beneficial for evaluating the energy release characteristics of reactive fragments on typical targets and lay the foundation for refining energy release models of such materials in future research.
Nonparametric adaptive cumulative sum charting scheme for monitoring process location
Authors: Abbas Zameer , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Xiang Dongdong , Shi Jianqing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFor effective monitoring of the range of sustainable changes in the process median, a nonparametric adaptive cumulative sum signed‐rank (NPACUSUM‐SR) control chart has been suggested in this study. Through the use of Monte Carlo simulation, the numerical analysis of the suggested NPACUSUM‐SR scheme has been calculated for zero and steady states. Run length (RL) profiles have been used to explore and compare the proposed NPACUSUM‐SR chart's in‐control resilience under various symmetrical heavy‐tailed, light‐tailed, and contaminated normal distributions. The suggested NPACUSUM‐SR chart has undergone a thorough investigation of the competition using Wilcoxon signed‐rank statistics and sign statistics under steady‐state and zero‐state conditions. The comparison shows that the suggested NPACUSUM‐SR design is superior to its competitors, especially when considering steady‐state performance over a wide range of shifts. This study examines the viability of the suggested design through a manufacturing‐related application.
On monitoring the standard deviation of log‐normal process
Authors: Akhtar Noureen , Abid Muhammad , Amir Muhammad Wasim , Riaz Muhammad , Nazir Hafiz Zafar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractControl charts are widely used in the manufacturing and service sectors to track, regulate, and enhance process output. A manufacturing industry desires to utilize a control chart that has an effective structure and is sensitive to detect infrequent variations in the process. Generally, control charts are developed with the presumption that the understudy quality variable is normally distributed. In actual application, many processes have skewed distributions. The purpose of this study is to use the moving average (MA) charts to track the dispersion of a log‐normal distribution. The design of the proposals is developed and the performance is assessed by run‐length properties. The cumulative distributions of run‐length under in‐control and out‐of‐control are provided to have a broad view of the performance. The simulation findings show that when the value of the log‐normal dispersion parameter is large, the proposed chart is more sensitive to the changes in the dispersion. Additionally, an industrial application is given to illustrate the suggested charts in this research.
Relapsing eosinophilic pneumonia in a patient with recurrent breast cancer receiving abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy
Authors: Ogata Hiroaki , Koga Chinami , Yanagihara Toyoshi , Moriuchi Yuki , Enokizu‐Ogawa Aimi , Ishimatsu Akiko , Otsuka Junji , Taguchi Kazuhito , Moriwaki Atsushi , Tokunaga Eriko , Yoshida Makoto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis report presents the case of a 42‐year‐old Japanese woman with recurrent hormone receptor–positive breast cancer who developed eosinophilic pneumonia (EP) during treatment with abemaciclib combined with endocrine therapy. Seven years after a radical surgery and definite diagnosis of Stage I breast cancer, her cancer recurred with metastases to multiple organs. Initially treated with abemaciclib plus letrozole and goserelin for 3 months, she developed EP, which improved after the discontinuation of anti‐cancer treatment and the administration of prednisolone. However, EP occurred again upon the reintroduction of endocrine therapy (i.e., letrozole and goserelin). It improved gradually with the suspension of endocrine therapy and the re‐administration of prednisolone. This case underscores the need for further research into the prevention and management of EP in patients receiving abemaciclib with endocrine therapy for advanced breast cancer.
Aldol Insights: The Route to Chiral Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐Oxindoles
Authors: Kaur Jasneet , Kaur Sukhmeet , Kaur Kirandeep 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research article explores the recent advancements in the enantioselective synthesis of 3‐substituted‐3‐hydroxyoxindoles, vital intermediates in drug development. Utilizing various catalysts, including prolinamides, peptides, and metal‐catalyzed reactions, the study showcases the evolution of asymmetric aldol reactions over the past 6–7 years. Notable innovations include eco‐friendly approaches, such as on‐water catalysis, and the strategic use of chiral thiourea catalysts. Emphasizing the intricate relationship between molecular structure and biological activity, the review provides valuable insights into the current state of asymmetric synthesis and foreshadows future possibilities in tailored molecular design for medicinal applications.
Informal care and financial stress: Longitudinal evidence from Australia
Authors: Koomson Isaac , Lenzen Sabrina , Afoakwah Clifford 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe number of people providing informal care has increased considerably in the last years while, at the same time, about one in four Australians have financial stress problems. This study uses rich longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey to estimate the effect of informal care on financial stress. To establish causality, we exploit a fixed effect‐instrumental variable approach to address omitted variable bias and reverse causality problems. Our findings show that informal caregiving increases financial stress between 9.9 and 14.5 percentage points. This finding is robust across a battery of quasi‐experimental methods. The effect of informal caregiving on financial stress is more pronounced among males, rural residents and those living in low socioeconomic areas. Our analyses further show that financial fragility and social isolation are important channels through which informal caregiving affects financial stress.
Emerging approaches for the development of artificial islets
Authors: Li Jingbo , Sun Lingyu , Bian Feika , Pandol Stephen J. , Li Ling 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe islet of Langerhans, functioning as a “mini organ”, plays a vital role in regulating endocrine activities due to its intricate structure. Dysfunction in these islets is closely associated with the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). To offer valuable insights for DM research and treatment, various approaches have been proposed to create artificial islets or islet organoids with high similarity to natural islets, under the collaborative effort of biologists, clinical physicians, and biomedical engineers. This review investigates the design and fabrication of artificial islets considering both biological and tissue engineering aspects. It begins by examining the natural structures and functions of native islets and proceeds to analyze the protocols for generating islets from stem cells. The review also outlines various techniques used in crafting artificial islets, with a specific focus on hydrogel‐based ones. Additionally, it provides a concise overview of the materials and devices employed in the clinical applications of artificial islets. Throughout, the primary goal is to develop artificial islets, thereby bridging the realms of developmental biology, clinical medicine, and tissue engineering.
Optimal designs for crossover model with partial interactions
Authors: Zhang Futao , Druilhet Pierre , Kong Xiangshun 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThis paper studies the universally optimal designs for estimating total effects under crossover models with partial interactions. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a symmetric design to be universally optimal, based on which algorithms can be used to derive optimal symmetric designs under any form of the within‐block covariance matrix. To cope with the computational complexity of algorithms when the experimental scale is too large, we provide the analytical form of optimal designs under the type‐H covariance matrix. We find that for a fixed number of treatments, say , the number of distinct treatments appearing in the support sequences increases with the increase of the number of periods, , until , in which case all treatments appear. The optimal design can be constructed from up to two representative sequences, within which each treatment appears in consecutive periods with equal or almost equal numbers of replications.
Bootstrapping the effect of the twist operator in the D1D5 CFT
Authors: Guo Bin , Hampton Shaun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the D1D5 CFT the twist operator of order 2 can twist together two copies in the untwisted sector into a single joined copy in the twisted sector. Traditionally, this effect is computed by using the covering map method. Recently, a new method was developed using the Bogoliubov ansatz and conformal symmetry to compute this effect in a toy model of one free boson. In this paper, we use this method with superconformal symmetry to compute the effect of the twist operator in the D1D5 CFT. This may provide more effective tools for computing correlation functions of twist operators in this system.
Boosting the production of sterile neutrino dark matter with self-interactions
Authors: Astros María Dias , Vogl Stefan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Sterile neutrinos are well-motivated and simple dark matter (DM) candidates. However, sterile neutrino DM produced through oscillations by the Dodelson-Widrow mechanism is excluded by current X-ray observations and bounds from structure formation. One minimal extension, that preserves the attractive features of this scenario, is self-interactions among sterile neutrinos. In this work, we analyze how sterile neutrino self-interactions mediated by a scalar affect the production of keV sterile neutrinos for a wide range of mediator masses. We find four distinct regimes of production characterized by different phenomena, including partial thermalization for low and intermediate masses and resonant production for heavier mediators. We show that significant new regions of parameter space become available which provide a target for future observations.
Anomalies in global SMEFT analyses. A case study of first-row CKM unitarity
Authors: Cirigliano Vincenzo , Dekens Wouter , de Vries Jordy , Mereghetti Emanuele , Tong Tom 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Recent developments in the Standard Model analysis of semileptonic charged-current processes involving light quarks have revealed ~ 3σ tensions in Cabibbo universality tests involving meson, neutron, and nuclear beta decays. In this paper, we explore beyond the Standard Model explanations of this so-called Cabibbo Angle Anomaly in the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), including not only low-energy charged current processes (‘L’), but also electroweak precision observables (‘EW’) and Drell-Yan collider processes (‘C’) that probe the same underlying physics across a broad range of energy scales. The resulting ‘CLEW’ framework not only allows one to test explanations of the Cabibbo Angle Anomaly, but is set up to provide near model-independent analyses with minimal assumptions on the flavor structure of the SMEFT operators. Besides the global analysis, we consider a large number of simpler scenarios, each with a subset of SMEFT operators, and investigate how much they improve upon the Standard Model fit. We find that the most favored scenarios, as judged by the Akaike Information Criterion, are those that involve right-handed charged currents. Additional interactions, namely oblique operators, terms modifying the Fermi constant, and operators involving right-handed neutral currents, play a role if the CDF determination of the W mass is included in the analysis.
Production of two, three, and four Higgs bosons: where SMEFT and HEFT depart
Authors: Delgado Rafael L. , Gómez-Ambrosio Raquel , Martínez-Martín Javier , Salas-Bernárdez Alexandre , Sanz-Cillero Juan J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this article we study the phenomenological implications of multiple Higgs boson production from longitudinal vector boson scattering in the context of effective field theories. We find compact representations for effective tree-level amplitudes with up to four final state Higgs bosons. Total cross sections are then computed for scenarios relevant at the LHC in which we find the general Higgs Effective Theory (HEFT) prediction avoids the heavy suppression observed in Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT).
A new winter wheat genetic resource harbors untapped diversity from synthetic hexaploid wheat
Authors: Wright Tally I. C. , Horsnell Richard , Love Bethany , Burridge Amanda J. , Gardner Keith A. , Jackson Robert , Leigh Fiona J. , Ligeza Aleksander , Heuer Sigrid , Bentley Alison R. , Howell Philip 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Key message
The NIAB_WW_SHW_NAM population, a large nested association mapping panel, is a useful resource for mapping QTL from synthetic hexaploid wheat that can improve modern elite wheat cultivars.

Abstract
The allelic richness harbored in progenitors of hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a useful resource for addressing the genetic diversity bottleneck in modern cultivars. Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) is created through resynthesis of the hybridisation events between the tetraploid (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum Desf.) and diploid (Aegilops tauschii Coss.) bread wheat progenitors. We developed a large and diverse winter wheat nested association mapping (NAM) population (termed the NIAB_WW_SHW_NAM) consisting of 3241 genotypes derived from 54 nested back-cross 1 (BC1) populations, each formed via back-crossing a different primary SHW into the UK winter wheat cultivar ‘Robigus’. The primary SHW lines were created using 15 T. durum donors and 47 Ae. tauschii accessions that spanned the lineages and geographical range of the species. Primary SHW parents were typically earlier flowering, taller and showed better resistance to yellow rust infection (Yr) than ‘Robigus’. The NIAB_WW_SHW_NAM population was genotyped using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and 27 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for flowering time, plant height and Yr resistance. Across multiple field trials, a QTL for Yr resistance was found on chromosome 4D that corresponded to the Yr28 resistance gene previously reported in other SHW lines. These results demonstrate the value of the NIAB_WW_SHW_NAM population for genetic mapping and provide the first evidence of Yr28 working in current UK environments and genetic backgrounds. These examples, coupled with the evidence of commercial wheat breeders selecting promising genotypes, highlight the potential value of the NIAB_WW_SHW_NAM to variety improvement.
Trust, artificial intelligence and software practitioners: an interdisciplinary agenda
Authors: Pink Sarah , Quilty Emma , Grundy John , Hoda Rashina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTrust and trustworthiness are central concepts in contemporary discussions about the ethics of and qualities associated with artificial intelligence (AI) and the relationships between people, organisations and AI. In this article we develop an interdisciplinary approach, using socio-technical software engineering and design anthropological approaches, to investigate how trust and trustworthiness concepts are articulated and performed by AI software practitioners. We examine how trust and trustworthiness are defined in relation to AI across these disciplines, and investigate how AI, trust and trustworthiness are conceptualised and experienced through an ethnographic study of the work practices of nine practitioners in the software industry. We present key implications of our findings for the generation of trust and trustworthiness and for the training and education of future software practitioners.
Phase I pharmacokinetic, safety, and preliminary efficacy study of tiragolumab in combination with atezolizumab in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Shemesh Colby S. , Wang Yongsheng , An Andrew , Ding Hao , Chan Phyllis , Liu Qi , Chen Yih-Wen , Wu Benjamin , Wu Qiong , Wang Xian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Tiragolumab is an immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody targeting the immune checkpoint T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor ITIM domains. Targeting multiple immune pathways may improve anti-tumor responses. The phase I YP42514 study assessed the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and preliminary efficacy of tiragolumab plus atezolizumab in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors.

Methods
Adult patients from mainland China with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score 0/1, life expectancy of ≥ 12 weeks, and adequate hematologic/end organ function were eligible. Patients received tiragolumab 600 mg and atezolizumab 1200 mg intravenous every 3 weeks. Key endpoints were PK (serum concentrations of tiragolumab and atezolizumab) and safety. Results from this study were compared with the global phase I study, GO30103 (NCT02794571).

Results
In this study, 20 patients received a median of five doses of tiragolumab plus atezolizumab. Median age was 57.5 years, 85.0% of patients were male and the most common tumor type was non-small cell lung cancer. Exposures in Chinese patients were comparable to the global GO30103 population: geometric mean ratio was 1.07 for Cycle 1 tiragolumab area under the concentration–time curve0–21 and 0.92 and 0.93 for Cycle 1 peak and trough atezolizumab exposure, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events were consistent across the Chinese and global populations. Two patients (10.0%) in this study achieved a partial response.

Conclusion
In this study, tiragolumab plus atezolizumab was tolerable and demonstrated preliminary anti-tumor activity. There were no meaningful differences in the PK or safety of tiragolumab plus atezolizumab between the Chinese and global populations.
Clinical trial registration number: China Clinical Trial Registry Identifier CTR20210219/YP42514. Date of registration 16 March 2021.
The evolution and functional divergence of FT-related genes in controlling flowering time in Brassica rapa ssp. rapa
Authors: Li Xieshengyang , Zheng Yan , Luo Landi , Chen Qian , Yang Tianyu , Yang Ya , Qiao Qin , Kong Xiangxiang , Yang Yongping 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Key message
The BrrFT paralogues exhibit distinct expression patterns and play different roles in regulating flowering time, and BrrFT4 competes with BrrFT1 and BrrFT2 to interact with BrrFD proteins.

Abstract
Flowering time is an important agricultural trait for Brassica crops, and early bolting strongly affects the yield and quality of Brassica rapa ssp. rapa. Flowering Locus T paralogues play an important role in regulating flowering time. In this study, we identified FT-related genes in turnip by phylogenetic classification, and four BrrFT homoeologs that shared with high identities with BraFT genes were isolated. The different gene structures, promoter binding sites, and expression patterns observed indicated that these genes may play different roles in flowering time regulation. Further genetic and biochemical experiments showed that as for FT-like paralogues, BrrFT2 acted as the key floral inducer, and BrrFT1 seems to act as a mild ‘florigen’ protein. However, BrrFT4 acts as a floral repressor and antagonistically regulates flowering time by competing with BrrFT1 and BrrFT2 to bind BrrFD proteins. BrrFT3 may have experienced loss of function via base shift mutation. Our results revealed the potential roles of FT-related genes in flowering time regulation in turnip.