bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated by lakes: the influence of connectivity on benthic macroinvertebrate community structure in river- and lake-connected streams
Authors: Turunen Jarno , Snåre Henna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Habitat connectivity is a key spatial attribute influencing biodiversity patterns in river networks by controlling the extent of dispersal in stream metacommunities. Large lake basins within river networks may hinder upstream dispersal of benthic macroinvertebrates to inlet streams, but the effects on biodiversity patterns have not been explicitly explored. We studied the effects of lake-induced variation in connectivity and environmental factors on alpha and beta diversity, and the active aerial dispersal (AAD) trait of stream macroinvertebrate species. Our analysis included data from 19 river-connected (RC) tributary streams and 17 more isolated lake-connected (LC) tributaries, with sampling conducted within approximately 1.5 km upstream of the stream-river confluence or stream-lake transition zone. Generalized additive models (GAM) and partial effects plots were used to assess the associations and the relative importance of connectivity and environmental factors on the community attributes. Species richness and the relative abundance of AAD were positively associated with the connectivity of the sampling site but species richness was also related to environmental factors, whereas the rarefied species richness and exponential of Shannon diversity were solely related to environmental variability. Beta diversity was negatively associated with connectivity but also to variation in pH. The results suggest that environmental factors largely control macroinvertebrate community structure in RC and LC streams, but the connectivity of the site might influence stream macroinvertebrate metacommunity patterns in river networks by enhancing dispersal and the occurrence of rare species. However, large lake basins seem to have a limited barrier effect on stream macroinvertebrate metacommunities, though further research is needed to fully understand this influence.
A $p$-adic Simpson correspondence for smooth proper rigid varieties
Authors: Heuer Ben 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For any smooth proper rigid analytic space

$X$

X

over a complete algebraically closed extension of

$\mathbb{Q}_{p}$

Q
p

, we construct a

$p$

p

-adic Simpson correspondence: an equivalence of categories between vector bundles on Scholze’s pro-étale site of

$X$

X

and Higgs bundles on

$X$

X

. This generalises a result of Faltings from smooth projective curves to any higher dimension, and further to the rigid analytic setup. The strategy is new, and is based on the study of rigid analytic moduli spaces of pro-étale invertible sheaves on spectral varieties.
Imaging on the painful and compressed nerve: upper extremity
Authors: Bordalo Marcelo , Gulde Maria Lua Sampaio , Hagert Elisabet 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Compressive neuropathies of the upper extremity are a common cause of pain, weakness, and functional impairment, often resulting from chronic mechanical compression or entrapment of peripheral nerves in anatomical regions such as osteofibrous tunnels, fibrous bands, or muscular pathways. While traditional diagnostic methods, including clinical evaluation and electrophysiological studies, are essential, they are limited in localizing lesions and identifying underlying causes. Advances in ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly MR neurography and high-resolution 3D volumetric imaging, have significantly improved the evaluation of peripheral nerves by enabling detailed visualization of nerve anatomy, adjacent structures, and muscle denervation patterns. This article reviews the role of these imaging techniques in diagnosing and managing compressive neuropathies affecting the brachial plexus, suprascapular, axillary, median, ulnar, and radial nerves, highlighting key imaging findings such as nerve thickening, signal abnormalities, and muscle changes. The integration of advanced imaging modalities into clinical practice enhances diagnostic accuracy, facilitates surgical planning, and improves treatment outcomes for patients with peripheral nerve compression.
The obesity pandemic and its impact on non-communicable disease burden
Authors: Hildebrand Staffan , Pfeifer Alexander 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity across the globe is a major threat both to public health and economic development. This is mainly due to the link of obesity with the development and outcomes of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). NCDs are a leading cause of global death and disability, and reducing the burden of NCDs on patients and healthcare systems is of critical importance to improve public health. Obesity is projected to be the number one preventable risk factor for NCDs by 2035, and there is an urgent need to tackle the growing obesity rates in order to reduce NCD incidence and severity. Here, we review the current understanding of the impact of obesity on NCD burden in general, as well as the epidemiological and mechanistic relationship between obesity and some of the most common classes of NCDs. By literature review, we found that over 70% of NCDs have a documented association with obesity, highlighting the importance of a better understanding of the pathophysiologies underlying obesity/overweight as well as the interaction between obesity and NCDs in order to reduce global disease burden.
Single-port sleeve gastrectomy: a comparison between transumbilical and left hypochondrium approaches
Authors: Abdallah Hussein , Derienne Joseph , Courie Rodi , Voican Cosmin Sebastian , Perlemuter Gabriel , Donatelli Gianfranco , Dagher Ibrahim , Tranchart Hadrien 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Left hypochondrium (LHC) approach has been routinely used in our department for performing single-port sleeve gastrectomy (SPSG). Starting from 2019, a transumbilical approach (TU) has been adopted in selected patients. The aim of this study was to report and compare our results of both approaches (LHC and TU) with special focus on incisional hernia (IH).

Methods
The data of patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy via both approaches between 2019 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. An assessment of IH rate was carried out by reviewing abdominal computed tomography scans performed one year after surgery.

Results
During the study period, 449 patients who underwent SPSG were included in the final analyze. Patients in the TU group (n = 136, 30%) were more frequently female with a lower BMI and fewer comorbidities. An umbilical hernia was observed in 60% of patients in the TU group. Operative duration was longer in the LHC group (80 min vs. 64 min, P < 0.0001). Early complications rates did not differ between the groups (1.9% LHC vs. 0.7% TU, P = 0.353). During follow-up, 65 patients (14%) developed an IH: 9.9% and 25% in the LHC and TU groups, respectively (P < 0.0001). Weight loss and comorbidities resolution at 1 year were globally similar between the two groups.

Conclusion
We have demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of SPSG via both LHC and TU approaches. The advantage of the LHC approach is its routine applicability. The TU approach offers an esthetic advantage and a shorter operative time but is associated with a much higher IH rate.

Graphical abstract
Accelerating full waveform inversion by transfer learning
Authors: Singh Divya Shyam , Herrmann Leon , Sun Qing , Bürchner Tim , Dietrich Felix , Kollmannsberger Stefan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful tool for reconstructing material fields based on sparsely measured data obtained by wave propagation. For specific problems, discretizing the material field with a neural network (NN) improves the robustness and reconstruction quality of the corresponding optimization problem. We call this method NN-based FWI. Starting from an initial guess, the weights of the NN are iteratively updated to fit the simulated wave signals to the sparsely measured dataset. For gradient-based optimization, a suitable choice of the initial guess, i.e., a suitable NN weight initialization, is crucial for fast and robust convergence. In this paper, we introduce a novel transfer learning approach to further improve NN-based FWI. This approach leverages supervised pretraining to provide a better NN weight initialization, leading to faster convergence of the subsequent optimization problem. Moreover, the inversions yield physically more meaningful local minima. The network is pretrained to predict the unknown material field using the gradient information from the first iteration of conventional FWI. The training dataset consists of two-dimensional reference simulations with arbitrarily positioned elliptical voids of different shapes and orientations, mimicking experiments from phased array ultrasonic testing. We compare the performance of the proposed transfer learning NN-based FWI with three other methods: conventional FWI, NN-based FWI without pretraining and conventional FWI with an initial guess predicted from the pretrained NN. Our results show that transfer learning NN-based FWI outperforms the other methods in terms of convergence speed and reconstruction quality.
Cleansing efficacy of an auto-cleaning device versus an oscillating- rotating toothbrush in home use. A pilot study in individuals with down syndrome
Authors: Schnabl Dagmar , Eller Marwin , Trojer David , Wiesmueller Vera , Schwindling Franz Sebastian , Kapferer-Seebacher Ines 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
People with intellectual disabilities often have poor oral hygiene and depend on carers’ support. We aimed to investigate, whether automatic toothbrushes could benefit people with Down syndrome (DS).

Materials and methods
In a randomized, single-blinded cross-over study we compared the cleansing efficacy of a horse-shoe shaped automatic toothbrush with that of rotating-oscillating toothbrushing in unassisted domestic use over four weeks by persons with DS. Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI) and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) were assessed before and after each intervention period. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used for statistical analysis.

Results
Fifteen participants (mean age 31 ± 8.33 years) finished the study. There were no statistically significant differences in RMNPI between the two brushing modalities after four weeks of unassisted home use, neither in full mouth (Y-brush®: median 59.2%; range 24.8 – 76.7; rotating-oscillating toothbrush: 54.6%; 6.4 – 71.3) (p = 0.484) nor in subgroup analyses. RMNPI was statistically significantly higher after four weeks of automated brushing than baseline. There was no statistically significant difference for full-mouth GBI between the two brushing modalities.

Conclusions
Both, oscillating-rotating and automated toothbrushing resulted in unsatisfactory plaque control after unassisted use by people with DS.

Clinical relevance
Further studies should investigate the impact of caregivers’ assistance with auto-cleaning devices to persons with disabilities on plaque removal efficacy. Customization of mouthpieces and simplification of handling modalities might effect a higher cleansing capacity and should be future goals for automatic brushing device manufacturers.
Domain adaptation for improving automatic airborne pollen classification with expert-verified measurements
Authors: Matavulj Predrag , Jelic Slobodan , Severdija Domagoj , Brdar Sanja , Radovanovic Milos , Tesendic Danijela , Sikoparija Branko 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study presents a novel approach to enhance the accuracy of automatic classification systems for airborne pollen particles by integrating domain adaptation techniques. Our method incorporates expert-verified measurements into the convolutional neural network (CNN) training process to address the discrepancy between laboratory test data and real-world environmental measurements. We systematically fine-tuned CNN models, initially developed on standard reference datasets, with these expert-verified measurements. A comprehensive exploration of hyperparameters was conducted to optimize the CNN models, ensuring their robustness and adaptability across various environmental conditions and pollen types. Empirical results indicate a significant improvement, evidenced by a 22.52% increase in correlation and a 38.05% reduction in standard deviation across 29 cases of different pollen classes over multiple study years. This research highlights the potential of domain adaptation techniques in environmental monitoring, particularly in contexts where the integrity and representativeness of reference datasets are difficult to verify.
Understanding student errors in comparing data sets with boxplots
Authors: Abt Martin , Loibl Katharina , Leuders Timo , Van Dooren Wim , Reinhold Frank 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the boxplot, the box always represents – regardless of its area – the middle half of the data and thus a measure of variability (interquartile range). However, when students first learn about boxplots, they are usual already familiar with other forms of statistical representations (e.g., bar or circle graphs) in which a larger area represents a higher frequency of observations. If students erroneously apply this well-established area-represents-frequency schema to boxplots, it results in a systematic error which we describe as the consequence of an incomplete conceptual change. We empirically validated difficulty-generating characteristics that allow the differentiation between item types with varying complexity (item level) and aimed to identify profiles (person level) that differ depending on which schema was used in which item type. For this purpose, we conducted two cross-sectional studies with N = 100 university students (study 1) and N = 297 participants who finished secondary school or higher (study 2) and used generalized linear mixed models (item level) and k-means clustering with predefined cluster centers (person level) to test our hypotheses. We could replicate the systematic error that was described in previous research and found new difficulty-generating characteristics in boxplot items. Our results support the notion of different profiles potentially emerging based on varying degrees of conceptual change. From an instructional perspective, information about individual progress in conceptual change could be considered for tailoring individualized interventions.
Land-based seaweed cultivation creates darker, less predictable light environments
Authors: Comerford Belinda , Paul Nicholas A. , Marshall Dustin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Humans modify the habitats of cultured species to maximise productivity, creating conditions distinct from those in which those species originally evolved. These human-altered environments impose strong selection pressures that favour novel phenotypes. While instances of deliberate selection for favoured phenotypes are ubiquitous, the consequences of unintentional selection regimes associated with culture conditions are less well understood. With their high stocking densities and circulating nature, land-based seaweed cultures are likely to generate light regimes that are vastly different from those of the natural environment, but explicit tests are lacking. Here, we quantified how light environments experienced by seaweed in land-based culture tanks differ from those of the natural environment. We found significant differences in culture and natural light environments. Cultures were usually much darker, but occasionally much brighter and the light regimes were less predictable than those occurring in the natural environment. Our results highlight that in our system, land-based seaweed cultures generated light regimes unlike anything in nature and this likely presents challenges for seaweed adaptation and scaling up of production.
Milnacipran and Vanillin Alleviate Fibromyalgia-Associated Depression in Reserpine-Induced Rat Model: Role of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Kamaly Nour A. , Kamel Ahmed S. , Sadik Nermin Abdelhamid , Shahin Nancy N. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) patients are highly susceptible to depression. Wnt/β-catenin signaling has shown a crucial role against depression in several studies. The FDA-approved FM drug, milnacipran (Miln), has shown antinociceptive potential against FM. Yet, no study has investigated its antidepressant potential in FM. Vanillin (Van), a well-known phytochemical often employed as flavoring agent, has been previously reported for its antidepressant and antinociceptive effects in several animal models, but has not been tested so far in FM. This study explored the antidepressant effect of Van and Miln in FM through investigating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. FM was induced in female Wistar rats by injecting reserpine (1 mg/kg/day s.c) for 3 days. Thereafter, animals received either Miln (30 mg/kg/day p.o) or Van (100 mg/kg/day p.o) for the subsequent 14 days. Results showed that both drugs demonstrated antidepressant effect in forced swimming test besides analgesic, and antiallodynic influences observed in Randall-Selitto, hot plate, cold allodynia, Von-Frey, and tail immersion tests. Biochemically, Miln and Van significantly enhanced serotonergic transmission in the hippocampus and upregulated the protein expression of the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling axis, including the downstream proteins, T cell factor, and dicer. This is followed by subsequent upregulation of the resilience micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) 124 and 135. Histopathological examinations corroborated the biochemical and molecular findings. Interestingly, these effects of Miln and Van were overturned via administration of the β-catenin inhibitor, XAV939 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p., daily). In conclusion, this study outlined the antidepressant aptitude of Miln and Van through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the hippocampus in reserpine-induced FM.
Progressive Prosecution Policies in Philadelphia: An Assessment of Implementation Fidelity
Authors: Ward Jeffrey T. , Vîlcică E. Rely , Brey Jesse , Mohler Megan , Dolbear Cheyenne 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Contemporary prosecutor-led criminal justice reform seeks to improve fairness and reduce the justice system footprint. To this end, “progressive” prosecutorial offices have adopted numerous policies that set presumptive actions and guide attorney decision making. We develop a measure of justice policy implementation fidelity that enables an overall assessment of the implementation of a collection of recent prosecutorial policies in Philadelphia tapping into several domains: support, clarity, beliefs, monitoring, barriers, and adherence. Data were collected during 2021–2022 from a sample in the Philadelphia District Attorney’s Office (DAO) and were analyzed using reliability and principal-components factor analysis, tabular and data visualization methods, and OLS regression. Results indicate generally strong support for and adherence to progressive policies. However, policy clarity is moderate, and there are internal barriers perceived to adversely affect implementation efforts. DAO staff believe policies are generally effective for addressing unfair outcomes for defendants, but less so with more traditional system aims, such as decreasing crime rates and achieving quick case resolution. Adherence can be bolstered by improving other elements of implementation fidelity. These findings provide important guidance for both future policy implementation efforts in Philadelphia and for DAs seeking to implement reform agendas in other locales.
Classification of response inhibition measures: a proposal for a two-dimensional taxonomy
Authors: Colautti Laura , Iannello Paola , Antonietti Alessandro , Cancer Alice 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Inhibition is a fundamental component of self-regulation which can be defined as the ability to suppress an automatic response to execute an appropriate one. Given its impact on adaptation, wellbeing, and life satisfaction, the construct of inhibition has been extensively investigated in literature from manifold perspectives. Theoretical models of inhibition have highlighted its multi-componential nature, giving reason of why a multitude of experimental and clinical tasks are commonly used in inhibition research and assessment. Considering the diverse definitions of this function, we call for an enhanced comprehension of the mechanisms underlying response inhibition, which are inherent in each measure employed to assess it. The present contribution aims to propose a two-dimensional taxonomy of inhibition measures, suggesting that the most used tasks assessing inhibition can be mapped considering two continuous dimensions largely involved in inhibition, namely, cognitive complexity (low-high) and emotional processing (hot-cold). The proposed taxonomy was conceptualized to guide researchers and clinicians in selecting the relevant measure among the available tasks when they assess inhibitory functions. Our taxonomy could contribute to establishing consistent criteria and thus further the constitution of a common ground for inhibition tasks’ classification.
Valorization of olive press cake as a sustainable alternative to peat in white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation
Authors: Cetin Mehmet , Atila Funda , Eren Erkan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the potential of olive press cake (OPC) as an alternative casing material for white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation. Five casing layer formulations, combining peat (P) and OPC at weight ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 (w/w), were evaluated alongside a peat-only control. The impact of these formulations on mushroom yield, nutrient composition, macro- and microelement concentrations, as well as lignocellulosic and chemical changes in the casing materials, was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. Mushroom yields across treatments ranged from 217.7 g/kg (P1:OPC1) to 334.2 g/kg (P3:OPC1), with the P2:OPC1, P3:OPC1, and P4:OPC1 formulations achieving significantly higher yields compared to the control treatment (238.8 g/kg). Mushrooms cultivated using the P1:OPC1 formulation exhibited higher protein (up to 29.33%), ash (13.57%), and crude fat (2.44%) contents, compared to reduced total carbohydrate levels, compared to other treatments. Macroelement analysis revealed notable increases in potassium (up to 7.18 g/100 g dry weight) and phosphorus (1.83 g/100 g) in mushrooms grown on the P1:OPC1 formulation. Additionally, microelement concentrations, including copper (15.65 mg/kg), zinc (44.70 mg/kg), and manganese (15.65 mg/kg), were significantly enriched in mushrooms from the P1:OPC1 treatment. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed extensive degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the casing materials, driven by fungal enzymatic activity. These results suggest that OPC-enriched casing formulations not only enhance mushroom yield and nutritional composition but also improve macro- and microelement contents, underscoring their potential as a sustainable alternative to peat in mushroom cultivation.