bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Slurry Polymerization of Ethylene Using a Soluble Cp2ZrCl2/MAO Catalytic System
Authors: Ahmadi Mostafa , Nekoomanesh Mehdi , Jamjah Roghieh , Zohuri Gholamhossein , Arabi Hassan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe slurry homopolymerization of ethylene catalyzed by a Cp2ZrCl2/MAO catalytic system was studied. A simple kinetic model including initiation, propagation, transfer to monomer and cocatalyst, spontaneous transfer and spontaneous deactivation was developed to predict dynamic yield of polymerization and molecular weight of final products. Kinetic constants were estimated by numerical solution of polymerization kinetic model, combined with Nelder‐Mead simplex method. The model predicts that the propagation reaction has the lower activation energy in relation to chain transfer reactions which leads to decrease of molecular weight at elevated temperatures. The initiation reaction has however, the highest activation energy that results in raising the peak of reaction rate at higher temperatures.magnified image
A scheme for solving Anycast scalability in IPv6
Authors: Xiaonan Wang , Huanyan Qian 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe existing designs for providing Anycast services are either to confine Anycast groups to a preconfigured topological region or to distribute Anycast groups globally across the whole Internet. The latter causes routing tables to grow proportionally to the number of global Anycast groups in the entire Internet and both of the above designs restrict and hinder the application and development of Anycast services. A new kind of Anycast communication scheme is proposed in this paper. This scheme adopts a novel Anycast address structure which can achieve a dynamic Anycast group while allowing Anycast members to freely leave and join the Anycast group without geographical restriction and it effectively solves the expanding explosion of the Anycast routing table. In addition, this scheme can evenly disperse Anycast request messages from clients across the Anycast servers of one Anycast group, thus achieving load balance. This paper analyzes the communication scheme in depth and discusses its feasibility and validity. The experimental data in IPv6 simulation demonstrate that the TRT (Total Response Time) of one Anycast service (e.g., file downloading) acquired through this communication scheme is shorter by 15% than that through the existing Anycast communication scheme. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint control for flexible‐joint robot with input‐estimation approach and LQG method
Authors: Ji Chien‐Yu , Chen Tsung‐Chien , Lee Yung‐Lung 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this work, the input‐estimation (IE) algorithm and the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller are adopted to design a control system. The combined method can maintain higher control performance even when the system variation is unknown and under the influence of disturbance input. The IE algorithm is an on‐line inverse estimation method involving the Kalman filter (KF) and the least‐square method, which can estimate the system input without additional torque sensor, while the LQG control theory has the characteristic of low sensitivity of disturbance. The design and analysis processes of the controller will also be discussed in this paper. The joint control of the flexible‐joint robot system is utilized to test and verify the effectiveness of the control performance. According to the simulation results, the IE algorithm is an effective observer for estimating the disturbance torque input, and the LQG controller can effectively cope with the situation that the disturbance exists. Finally, higher control performance of the combined method for joint control of the robotic system can be further verified. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: more than ‘just a bit of fatty liver’
Authors: Goenka N , Subramanian S , Weston P , Vora J 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is high in the obese, type 2 diabetic population, and it is probably under‐diagnosed as a cause for cirrhosis in this group. We present a case where a lady, with type 2 diabetes mellitus and abnormal liver function tests, was initially reassured that she had ‘just a bit of fatty liver’. When she was found to have liver cirrhosis just three years later, her glycaemic control was tightened up and she was encouraged to lose weight. Despite this she progressed on to develop liver cirrhosis of sufficient severity as to warrant consideration for a liver transplant.The diagnosis of NAFLD should be considered in patients with type 2 diabetes who have even mildly deranged liver function tests (especially if obese). Urgent prevalence studies for NAFLD in the diabetes population, together with agreed protocols between diabetologists and hepatologists for the investigation and management of this group, are required. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
Drug treatment and type 2 diabetes: the impact of liver disease
Authors: Ahmed MH , Byrne CD 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAlthough most liver diseases can occur coincidentally and sporadically with diabetes, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequently associated with insulin resistance and overweight, and occurs commonly with type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, NAFLD is not only regarded as a hepatic component of the metabolic syndrome, but also as an independent risk factor and a marker for increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Significantly, NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of all‐cause death and predicts future CVD events independently of age, sex, LDL‐cholesterol, smoking and the cluster of features of the metabolic syndrome. Although there was initial concern about drug toxicity with NAFLD, increasing evidence is suggesting that commonly used drugs such as metformin, statins and antihypertensives are probably safe and the glitazone group of drugs may even confer a therapeutic benefit and improve features of NAFLD. Certain sulphonylurea drugs and acarbose may cause an increase in liver enzymes but rarely do these drugs cause overt liver disease. In this review we have focused on the safety and therapeutic impact of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), statins and renin‐angiotensin inhibitors in NAFLD as this is by far the most common liver disease in type 2 diabetes. We also discuss drug‐induced liver toxicity and drug safety in liver disease relevant to diabetes treatment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
What happened to the prescribing of other COX‐2 inhibitors, paracetamol and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs when rofecoxib was withdrawn in Australia?
Authors: Barozzi Nadia , Tett Susan E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse how the prescribing of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors, non‐selective non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (ns‐NSAIDs) and paracetamol (acetaminophen) changed when rofecoxib was withdrawn in 2004.MethodCOX‐2 inhibitors, paracetamol and ns‐NSAID's use was measured using dispensing data for concession beneficiaries subsidized by the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme (PBS) for the period of 1997–2005. Data were downloaded from the Medicare Australia website and converted, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC)/Defined Daily Dose (DDD) (2005), to DDD/1000 concession beneficiaries/day.ResultsIn the period 2000–2004, the use of COX‐2 inhibitors was progressively increased. Overall NSAID's use changed from approximately 80 to 105 DDD/1000 concession beneficiaries/day while a decrease of ns‐NSAIDs from about 70 to 40 DDD/1000 concession beneficiaries/day was observed. Following rofecoxib withdrawal, the overall NSAIDs use declined. In 2005, celecoxib prescription declined (23%) while prescription of meloxicam increased by 62%. Use of paracetamol was steady over the period 1997–2004 (around 40 DDD/1000 concession beneficiaries/day). In April 2005, a slight increase in paracetamol use was observed.ConclusionOur analysis showed that COX‐2 inhibitors prescribing markedly influenced the overall NSAIDs prescribing in Australia. When COX‐2 inhibitors were introduced their uptake was rapid and extensive. Following rofecoxib withdrawal, the total overall dispensing of NSAIDs returned to a similar value as before COX‐2 inhibitors' introduction. The decrease was due both to rofecoxib withdrawal and to a reduction in celecoxib prescribing. However, meloxicam use increased. Paracetamol prescribing was steady, between 1997 and 2005 and was not affected when the COX‐2 inhibitors were introduced on to the market and after rofecoxib withdrawal, rather than increasing as might have been anticipated after rofecoxib withdrawal. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An observational study of CT scanning in psychiatric patients
Authors: Elheis Mwaffaq , Gupta Abhaya , Pansari Kalpana , Syed Mobinulla 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOpinion is divided on the proper use of brain scans in psychiatry. In this study, the authors reviewed CT scanning in common psychiatric conditions in a district hospital.In their study about 64 per cent of brain scans showed some abnormality. CT scanning influenced patient diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. In addition,almost 3 per cent of patient scans identified potential reversible,previously unknown,intracranial pathology. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
Wise Up! Primhe Second Annual Conference
Authors: Titmarsh Steve 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTrue life dramaPrimhe's second annual mental health conference was crammed full of dramatic and engaging sessions offering a wide perspective on how mental health can be achieved. Mental health is a societal problem, not a medical backwater. It's everyone's responsibility and everyone has a part to play: some are given leading roles, some only walk‐on parts. But everyone is important because without any single individual, the whole is diminished and we all suffer. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
Studies on curing kinetics of a novel combined liquid crystalline epoxy containing tetramethylbiphenyl and aromatic ester‐type mesogenic group with diaminodiphenylsulfone
Authors: Cai Zhi‐Qi , Sun Jianzhong , Wang Daodeng , Zhou Qiyun 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe curing kinetics of a novel liquid crystalline epoxy resin with combining biphenyl and aromatic ester‐type mesogenic unit, diglycidyl ether of 4,4′‐bis(4‐hydroxybenzoyloxy)‐3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethyl biphenyl (DGE‐BHBTMBP), and the curing agent diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) was studied using the advanced isoconvensional method (AICM). DGE‐BHBTMBP/DDS curing system was investigated the curing behavior by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) during isothermal and nonisothermal processes. Only one exothermal peak appeared in isothermal DSC curves. A variation of the effective activation energy with the extent of conversion was obtained by AICM. Three different curing stages were confirmed. In the initial curing stage, the value of Ea is dramatically decreased from ∼90 to ∼20 kJ/mol in the conversion region 0–0.2 for the formation of LC phase. In the middle stage, the value of Ea keeps about ∼80 kJ/mol for cooperative effect of reaction mechanism and diffusion control. In the final stage, a significant increase of Ea from 84 to 136 kJ/mol could be caused by the mobility of longer polymer chains. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3922–3928, 2007
Patient risk of contact with respiratory pathogens from inanimate surfaces in a cystic fibrosis outpatient clinic. A prospective study over a four‐year period
Authors: Festini Filippo , Taccetti Giovanni , Mannini Claudia , Campana Silvia , Mergni Gianfranco , Vignoli Noemi , Allegretti Nicoletta , Ravenni Novella , Cocchi Priscilla , Neri Stella , Repetto Teresa , de Martino Maurizio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAcquisition of respiratory pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). Research on the prevalence of these pathogens on environmental surfaces of a CF Center is scanty, and so far no study has determined what risk CF patients have of coming in contact with them during their visits to the CF Center. This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of some respiratory pathogens in samples taken systematically during a 4‐year period from inanimate surfaces and sinks in a CF Outpatient Clinic, and to estimate the risk that a non‐PA colonized CF patient has of contact with PA when visiting the CF Center. Microbiological samples were taken and cultured from the inanimate surfaces and sinks of the Outpatient clinic of a CF Center once a month from 2001 to 2005. Four hundred and sixty environmental specimens were collected: 36.3% were positive for respiratory pathogens (23% of rooms' inert surfaces, 49.5% of sinks). Achromobacter xylosoxidans was found in 0.8% of surface samples. PA was isolated in 22.8% samples. The estimated risk for each non‐colonized patient of coming in contact with PA on the surfaces in the Clinic at each visit was 5.4‰ (CI95% 0.9–30.1). Genotyping of a sample of environmental PA strains revealed a genetic relation between environmental and clinical isolates in most cases. Micro‐organisms relevant for CF patients can be found on inanimate surfaces of a CF Center, although the risk for patients of coming in contact with PA during their visits to the CF center seems low. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:779–784. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using bioinformatic resources in the proteomic analysis of biological fluids
Authors: Lisacek Frédérique , Hoogland Christine , Lescuyer Pierre , Hochstrasser Denis F. , Appel Ron D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOn‐line databases targeted towards protein contents in biological fluids are scarce. Consequently, the investigation of proteins identified in a biological fluid most importantly depends on crosschecking information gathered from less specific resources. This review summarises the key databases and tools for collecting information on tissue specificity or expression profiles. It also emphasises the high connectivity between databases fruitfully used to corroborate and piece information together. Finally, selected issues related to appropriate bioinformatics tools in the context of clinical applications are succinctly discussed.
From ‘protein’ to the beginnings of clinical proteomics
Authors: Perrett David 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt has taken over 200 years to move from the view that there was a single unique ‘protein’ to our present understanding that there may be over a million proteins in the human body. This review details the technological developments that led to this increase in knowledge especially in the area of clinical biochemistry. Simple techniques such as total protein assays allowed the quantitation of the amounts of protein in blood plasma and serum. These techniques were then linked to simple fractionation techniques to give further understanding about proteins in disease. The development of electrophoretic and chromatographic separation methods revolutionised our knowledge of proteins as well as of other small molecules in biofluids. The review finishes with the arrival of new technologies such as protein mass spectrometry and the emergence of proteomics.
Characterization of benign and malignant prostate epithelial Hoechst 33342 side populations
Authors: Brown Mick D. , Gilmore Paul E. , Hart Claire A. , Samuel Joanne D. , Ramani Vijay A.C. , George Nicholas J. , Clarke Noel W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe prostate epithelial stem cell has been proposed as the primary origin of neoplastic change in prostate cancer. However, the isolation and characterization of unexpanded prostate epithelial stem cells have proven problematic.MethodsA prostate epithelial side population (SP) has been isolated utilizing a modified Hoechst 33342 dye efflux assay from both benign and malignant prostate tissue. CD45−ve, integrin α2+ve Hoechst 33342 SP and NSP cells were isolated by FACS, immunophenotyped and functionally characterized in 3D culture.ResultsFACS analysis revealed a verapamil sensitive SP accounting for 0.93 ± 0.12% and 0.57 ± 0.11% of the total epithelial population from both benign and malignant prostates. The benign SP phenotype revealed a heterogeneous cell population consisting predominantly of small basal cells containing minimal cytoplasm. Conversely, the malignant SP was of undetermined acinar origin and with a complete loss of expression of the CDK2 inhibitor p21WAF1/Cip1. In vitro androgen‐enhanced 3D culture of the benign and malignant SP cells led to the production of spheroids which had acinus like morphology and expressed primitive and basal cell markers. Incorporation of the CD133 marker isolated a further SP sub‐fraction accounting for 0.037 ± 0.01% of epithelial cells.ConclusionsOur observations are consistent with the Hoechst 33342 dye efflux assay isolating a stem cell enriched population which can be further sub‐fractionated by CD133 selection. Moreover, the loss of the CDK inhibitor in malignancy is consistent with the hypothesis that neoplastic change originates in the stem cell compartment. Prostate 67: 1384–1396, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The prognostic value of E‐cadherin and the cadherin‐associated molecules α‐, β‐, γ‐catenin and p120ctn in prostate cancer specific survival: A long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: van Oort I.M. , Tomita K. , van Bokhoven A. , Bussemakers M.J.G. , Kiemeney L.A. , Karthaus H.F.M. , Witjes J.A. , Schalken J.A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOBJECTIVESTo determine the value of loss of expression of E‐cadherin and cadherin associated molecules as prognostic markers for prostate cancer patients in a long‐term follow‐up study.METHODSSixty‐five prostate cancer specimens, obtained from patients with different stages of prostate cancer who underwent a radical prostatectomy or TUR‐P between 1987 and 1991, were used for immunohistochemical analysis of the expression pattern of E‐cadherin, α‐, β‐, γ‐catenin and p120ctn. Clinical records of these patients were studied for follow‐up data and the prognostic value of expression of these adhesion molecules was determined by Kaplan–Meier survival analyses and multivariable proportional hazard regression analysis.RESULTSNormal staining patterns were found in 36 cases (55.4%) for E‐cadherin, 37 cases (56.9%) for α‐catenin, 40 cases (61.5%) for β‐catenin, 25 cases (38.5%) for γ‐catenin, and 40 cases (61.5%) for p120ctn. Overall, a strong correlation was found between the expression of E‐cadherin and other cadherin‐associated molecules. The 5‐year survival rates for each staining were as follows: E‐cadherin (normal 79.2%, aberrant 26.8%), α‐catenin (normal 79.2%, aberrant 26.8%), β‐catenin (normal 73.1%, aberrant 27.3%), γ‐catenin (normal 86.4%, aberrant 37.1%), and p120ctn (normal 72.8%, aberrant 30.0%). There was a significant difference in survival between normal and aberrant expression in each staining (log rank P < 0.0001). The proportional hazard regression model including tumor stage and Gleason score revealed α‐catenin expression as the best prognostic marker for patients with prostate cancer.CONCLUSIONSOur data revealed a strong correlation between E‐cadherin expression and other cadherin‐associated molecules. Among these markers, alpha‐catenin seems the best prognostic marker for prostate cancer specific survival. Larger studies are needed to confirm this result. Prostate 67: 1432–1438, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation and expression of human CYP7B1 in prostate: Overexpression of CYP7B1 during progression of prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Olsson Mats , Gustafsson Ove , Skogastierna Cristine , Tolf Anna , Rietz Barbara Du , Morfin Robert , Rane Anders , Ekström Lena 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDCytochrome P450 (CYP) 7B1 is involved in many metabolic processes including androgen metabolism. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 7B1 is expressed within the prostate and may determine the levels of the natural estrogen receptor β (ERβ) ligand 5α‐androstane‐3β,17β‐diol (3βAdiol) available and hence affect the regulation of prostate proliferation. We hypothesized that CYP7B1 expression is increased in prostate tumors and that promoter methylation contributes to the regulation of CYP7B1 expression in human prostate tissue.METHODSExpression of the CYP7B1 gene and protein in clinical prostate tissues and prostate cancer cell lines were investigated using real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry. The methylation status of the CYP7B1 gene was analyzed using methylation‐specific PCR (MSP).RESULTSThe immunohistochemical results demonstrate that high expression of CYP7B1 protein occurs in high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and adenocarcinomas. The ERβ/CYP7B1 mRNA ratio was significantly lower in tumor compared to the non‐tumor area. The MSP analysis indicate that local methylation of CYP7B1 promoter region is an important mechanism involved in down‐regulation of CYP7B1 in human prostate tissue.CONCLUSIONSThis is the first report showing that CYP7B1 is overexpressed in high‐grade PIN and in prostate cancer and that local methylation of CYP7B1 promoter region may have significant effect on gene transcription. Prostate 67: 1439–1446, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Marjoram increases basal gastric acid and pepsin secretions in rat
Authors: Rafsanjani Fatemeh Nabavizadeh , Shahrani Mehrdad , Ardakani Zakieh Vahedian , Ardakani Mohammad Vahedian 
Published: July 2007

AbstractConsidering the high consumption rate of marjoram in the Iranian population, this study was designed to investigate the effects of marjoram extract on gastric acid and pepsin secretion. In this study, Wistar rats (n= 12) were divided into two equal case and control groups. Under general anaesthesia with 50 mg/kg i.p. sodium thiopental, laparatomy was done and a cannula inserted in the duodenum. In the case animals marjoram (12.5 mg/kg) was injected into the stomach through the mentioned cannula. The gastric contents were collected by the wash‐out technique. Acid and pepsin secretions were then measured by titration and the Anson method, respectively. In the marjoram group, basal acid and pepsin secretions were significantly increased compared with the control group (acid: 20 ± 3.36 vs 4.1 ± 0.36 µmol/15 min; pepsin: 9.04 ± 0.01 vs 5.62 ± 0.12 µg/15 min;p< 0.001). In the control group, pentagastrin stimulation increased acid secretion in comparison with the basal level (10.14 ± 1.34 vs 4.1 ± 0.36 µmol/15 min,p< 0.001), while in the marjoram group, there was a significant decline (16.46 ± 3.23 vs 20 ± 3.36 µmol/15 min,p< 0.001). In the marjoram group pentagastrin increased pepsin secretion in comparison with the basal state (12 ± 0.11 vs 9.04 ± 0.1 µg/15 min,p< 0.001). It seems that marjoram contains some components that activate chief and parietal cells and increase basal acid and pepsin secretion. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.