bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T‐tube modification to decrease the risk of plugging
Authors: Gatot Albert , Tovi Ferit , Fliss Dan M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLaryngotracheal stenosis is a recognized complication of local injuries, such as prolonged intubation. Surgical reconstruction with the use of a tracheal T‐tube is widely recommended. We report a serious complication consisting of the sudden obstruction of the T‐tube by viscous secretions. In order to prevent this undesirable consequence, a simple modification of the T‐tube technique is proposed.
Laryngeal precancer: A review of the literature, commentary, and comparison with oral leukoplakia
Authors: Bouquot Jerry E. , Gnepp Douglas R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLaryngeal keratosis (LK) is a precancerous mucosal change with great similarity to oral leukoplakia. Its malignant transformation rate varies from 1% to 40%, with the highest rates being found in patients microscopically diagnosed as “keratosis with atypia” (KWA). Recent evidence indicates that even cases with only mild or moderate epithelial dysplasias are at increased risk for malignant transformation, with the highest rates occurring in patients with more severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ. Approximately 81% of LK patients are men and the average age at diagnosis is 50 years, a decade younger than that for laryngeal carcinoma patients. A high proportion of LK patients are tobacco smokers (84%) and alcohol abusers (at least 35%). LK is almost always found on the true vocal cords and is usually bilateral (67%). Clinical signs of high risk include, in decreasing order of importance: erythroplakia, surface granularity, increased keratin thickness, increased size, recurrence after conservative removal, and long duration. The annual incidence of LK in the United States is 10.2 and 2.1 lesions per 100,000 males and females, respectively.
Oral hairy leukoplakia: Clinical aspects, histologic morphology and differential diagnosis
Authors: Ficarra Giuseppe , Gaglioti Domenico , Di Pietro Massimo , Adler‐Storthz Karen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractClinical and histologic morphology of oral hairy leukoplakia in 85 HIV‐positive patients were studied. Differential diagnosis of oral hairy leukoplakia in comparison with the normal lingual and buccal epithelium from both HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative patients, and with other tongue conditions was also examined. Oral hairy leukoplakia lesions were located on the lateral borders of the tongue and showed a corrugated/hairy aspect in the majority of cases. Hyperparakeratosis, hyperplasia/acanthosis, and a papillated epithelial surface were common findings. A parakeratin band and ballooning cells were present in 60% and 99% of the cases, respectively. Some of the histologic features of oral hairy leukoplakia were present in the normal lingual epithelium of both HIV‐negative and HIV‐positive patients as well as in other tongue conditions. Thus, many histologic features of oral hairy leukoplakia appear not to be specific.
Benign cystic vs. solid lesions of the parotid gland in HIV patients
Authors: Huang Robert D. , Pearlman Steven , Friedman Willliam H. , Loree Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study of 13 patients with cystic lesions of the parotid gland, 9 patients were known to be antibody positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 4 were subsequently tested to be positive. All patients had computed tomographic (CT) confirmation of parotid gland cysts. Five patients had fluid aspirates showing high amylase levels. All cystic lesions had lymphoepithelial features and lymphoid histology similar to those seen in HIV infection. This study includes a review of 148 HIV patients reported in the literature, as well as our experience. Of all the reported cases, when gross pathology suggested cystic lesions, the incidence of malignancy was close to 1%. The incidence of malignancy for a solid mass, however, was close to 40%. We propose a nonsurgical management protocol which includes CT scan and needle aspiration with tissue for cytology and fluid for amylase level if possible. Watchful observation is advised for cystic pathology.
Parapharyngeal soft‐tissue infection with Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Wells Rebecca G. , Chertow Glenn M. , Marcantonio Edward R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractParapharyngeal soft tissue infections may be rapidly progressive and life‐threatening. Prompt institution of appropriate antimicrobial therapy is of paramount importance. This report highlights the potential virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila in infection of the head and neck and the need to consider this organism in selected patients.
Sphenoid mucocele with intracranial invasion secondary to nasopharyngeal acinic cell carcinoma
Authors: Nicolai Piero , de Zinis Luca O. Redaelli , Tomenzoli Davide , Maroldi Roberto , Antonelli Antonino R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe present a case of sphenoid mucocele with large invasion of the middle cranial fossa, secondary to a nasopharyngeal acinic cell carcinoma, occurring in a 52‐year‐old man. To the best of our knowledge, this association has not been reported so far. We discuss the importance of imaging techniques in delineating the relationship between the two lesions, as long as the clinical and therapeutic problems related both to sphenoid mucocele and acinic cell carcinoma.
Sensitivity of biopsy using local anesthesia in detecting nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Waldron John , Andrew Hasselt C. Van , Wong Raymond K. Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFlexible and rigid endoscopes allow good visualization of the nasopharynx using local anesthesia, and permit biopsies to be taken under direct vision. Little information is available on the accuracy of biopsies taken using local anesthesia, and general anesthesia is usually recommended for evaluation and biopsy of the nasopharynx to avoid missing small or submucosal lesions. We report the results from 260 patients biopsied using local anesthesia (188) and general anesthesia (72). All biopsies were taken using large nasal biopsy forceps under direct vision. The sensitivity of this technique in diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma was 95.1% using local anesthesia and 95.6% using general anesthesia. We suggest that general anesthesia is rarely necessary for definitive biopsy of the nasopharynx. In the majority of patients, an accurate diagnosis can be obtained using large biopsy forceps under direct vision using local anesthesia.
Optimal administration schedules of the newly synthesized platinum analog nk121 and bleomycin analog nk313 in nude mice with squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kanazawa Harusachi , Yokoe Hideki , Takahashi Kikuo , Sato Kenichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo determine the optimal administration schedules of the newly synthesized, less nephrotoxic platinum analog NK121 and less pneumotoxic bleomycin analog NK313, the antitumor effects of 2 different injection schedules, (1) single injections on days 1, 5, and 9, (2) continuous infusion for 7 days, were compared in nude mice bearing human squamous cell carcinoma. Tumor growth delay was employed as the experimental endpoint of antitumor activity. Body weight and hematologic changes in the mice were also investigated as indications of drug toxicity after the combination treatment of NK121 and NK313. The antitumor effects of the 2 analogs indicated higher responses with the single injections of NK121 and continuous infusion of NK313. In combination chemotherapy with NK121 and NK313, the highest antitumor effect was observed when mice were given NK121 by single injections followed by NK313 by continuous infusion. This sequence was also less toxic than a simultaneous treatment schedule, which was of weak clinical significance because of its low antitumor activity, severe weight loss, slight myelosuppression, and renal toxicity.
Muscle tumors in the parapharyngeal space
Authors: Freije James E. , Gluckman Jack L. , Biddinger Paul W. , Wiot Geoffrey 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumors arising in the parapharyngeal space are rare. Even more rare are those which originate from the pharyngeal and parapharyngeal musculature. Three examples of muscle tumors presenting as paraphyarngeal masses are reported, ie, a rhabdomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and a leiomyosarcoma, and the literature pertaining to these tumors is reviewed. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first case of a parapharyngeal leiomyosarcoma reported in the literature.
Molecular biology: The polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Lee Norris K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUpper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers provide an excellent carcinogenesis model for a number of reasons: they are accessible to observation, are usually associated with a known environmental carcinogen (tobacco by‐products), are sometimes associated with a tumorigenic DNA virus (HPV), and fall along a spectrum of progressive disease from normal mucosa through leukoplakia and verrucous carcinoma to invasive and metastatic carcinoma. Despite the presence of this unique model, the field of head and neck oncology, as a whole, has been slow in establishing an efficient 2‐way conduit between the bedside and the laboratory. Such open communication is important as current evidence suggests that future staging and therapy of head and neck tumors will depend not only on familiar macroscopic and light microscopic criteria, but also on factors that are currently identifiable only in the basic science laboratory. To have a significant impact on the direction and relevance of basic research, clinicians should become knowledgeable and conversant in the vocabulary and general concepts of basic science. The goal of this section is to facilitate communication between the basic researcher and the clinician, thereby promoting clinically relevant basic research. This is to be achieved by fostering understanding of the power, limitations, scope, and horizons of current basic research concepts and techniques. Subsequent articles will review current research topics germane to head and neck cancer, such as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, mechanisms of metastasis, tumor immunology and its modulation, and virology.—NKL.
Pediatric functional endonasal sinus surgery: Review of 210 cases
Authors: Lazar Rande H. , Younis Ramzi T. , Gross Charles W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFunctional endonasal sinus surgery (FESS) is an effective treatment for chronic or recurrent sinusitis in children, most of whom have failed more conservative medical treatment. The endoscopes used in FESS allow direct visualization of the diseased tissue and restoration of physiologic mucociliary clearance, enabling the sinus mucosa to return to its normal condition after the procedure. For a period of 3 to 36 months, we followed the recovery of 210 children who underwent FESS between 1986 and 1989. The age range of the children at the time of the procedure was 14 months to 16 years. Eighty percent of these patients had improvement of their sinusitis. There were no major complications. Eight percent of the 210 children needed revision surgery. Pediatric FESS is a two‐stage operation requiring follow‐up nasal cleaning under general anesthesia. The most common findings during the second‐stage endoscopy were adhesions and granulation formation.
Histomorphometric analysis of intraoral split‐thickness skin grafts
Authors: Petruzzelli Guy J. , Johnson Jonas T. , Myers Eugene N. , Kline Janet M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransposition of split‐thickness skin grafts from the anterior thigh to the oral cavity is an ideal method for reconstruction of selected defects following major oncologic ablative surgery. This alternative potentially allows for tongue mobility, deglutition, and articulation superior to that obtained with bulky adynamic myocutaneous flaps. We have examined the adaptive responses of split‐thickness skin grafts to the intraoral environment with biopsies from 10 patients 11 to 90 months following oral cavity reconstruction. Histologic examination of intraoral skin grafts shows preservation of the cytoarchitecture of the epidermis, an absence or atrophy of skin appendages, and a statistically significant thinning of the keratin layer. A “junctional zone” between the normal oral cavity mucosa and the skin graft was identified. This zone is characterized by an abrupt transition from keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with a prominent granular layer, to nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium lacking a granular layer. This study clearly demonstrates that split‐thickness skin, when transposed to the oral cavity, maintains the epidermal phenotype and does not assume the histologic characteristics of mucsoa.
Leiomyoblastoma of the larynx: Report of a case
Authors: Mori Hiroshi , Kumoi Takeo , Hashimoto Mitsuhiro , Uematsu Kunio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLeiomyomas or benign tumors of smooth muscle origin are extremely rare in the larynx. A review of the literature revealed only 15 confirmed cases of leiomyoma, eight leiomyosarcomas, and no cases of leiomyoblastoma. An unusual case of “bizarre” laryngeal leiomyoma arising from the vocal cord, which is believed to be the first reported case in the literature is presented herein.
Role of modern imaging in decision‐making for elective neck dissection
Authors: Feinmesser Rafael , Freeman Jeremy L. , Feinmesser Meora , Noyek A. , Mullen J. Brendan M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study examines patterns of early metastatic spread as recorded in 19 clinically negative, histologically positive (occult) neck dissection specimens. Microscopic metastatic deposits were detected in this study in nodes measuring 10 mm and less. No nodes with extension of tumor beyond the capsule and into adjacent structures were noted. Central necrosis was detected in only one node. We suggest that the first stages of metastatic disase as evaluated by the pathologist in clinically occult nodes are minimal and may easily evade the eyes of both pathologists and radiologists. Imaging proved to be efficacious in upstaging clinically occutt necks that were previously irradiated.
Electron beam therapy for skin cancer of the head and neck
Authors: Zablow Andrew I. , Eanelli Thomas R. , Sanfilippo Louis J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe retrospectively analyzed 99 patients with 115 sites of skin cancer, predominantly involving the head and neck, treated with electron beam therapy. Our objective was to determine the local control rate, radiotherapy reactions, cosmesis, and salvage treatment. Forty‐three percent of patients received radiotherapy after biopsy, 41% were treated for recurrence following other modalities of treatment, and 16% had positive margins after surgical excision. With minimum and mean follow‐up of 24 and 47 months, respectively, local control was achieved in 88% of patients. Six of 14 local recurrences were salvaged by surgery (five patients) and radiotherapy (one patient) for a total local control of 93%. Serial photographs and data were available to analyze cosmesis in 56 patients. Excellent or good cosmesis was achieved in 91%. Side effects were mild and self‐limiting. EBT is highly efficacious and offers excellent cosmesis.
Psychosocial adjustment of patients surgically treated for head and neck cancer
Authors: Gamba Alessio , Romano Maria , Grosso Llaria M. , Tamburini Marcello , Cantú Giulio , Molinari Roberto , Ventafridda Vittorio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSixty‐six patients, surgically treated for head and neck cancer and free of disease, were interviewed at the outpatient clinic from 6 months to 8 years after surgery. The patients were divided by the physician into two groups, according to the patients' degree of disfigurement, i.e., minor (24 patients, 36%, minor disfigurement group = MDG) or extensive (42 patients, 64%, extensive disfigurement group = EDG). Subsequently, the patients were interviewed with close‐ended questions. The following subjective aspects were assessed: self‐image; relationship with the partner, family, and friends; and the overall impact of the therapy. The results of the study showed a significantly higher impact in the EDG versus the MDG as regards a changed self‐image (57% vs 25%, P < 0.05), a worsened relationship with the partner (27% vs 0%, P < 0.05), a reduced sexuality (74% vs 39%, P < 0.01), and an increased social isolation (36% vs 12%, P < 0.05). On the whole, 18% of the subjects stated that the disadvantages of therapy outweighed the advantages, and 30% felt that the difficulties encountered were “too harsh.” In such cases, the opportunity of setting up a rehabilitation program offering psychosocial support should be considered.
Inflammatory pseudotumor of the parapharyngeal space: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Hytiroglou Prodromos , Brandwein Margaret S. , Strauchen James A. , Mirante Joseph P. , Urken Mark L. , Biller Hugh F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInflammatory pseudotumor of the upper airway is an uncommon lesion of unknown etiology, clinically mimicking a neoplastic process. We document a case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the parapharyngeal space, occurring in a patient with history of cocaine abuse. Corticosteroid treatment was successful in reducing the symptoms. The difficulties in establishing this clinicopathologic diagnosis are discussed and the pertinent literature is reviewed.
Correlation of clinical, surgical, pathologic, and MR fat suppression results for head and neck cancer
Authors: Tien Robert D. , Robbins K. Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMagnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides superior soft tissue delineation of head and neck tumors compared to previous radiologic studies. Further refinements using fat suppression and gadolinium (Gd‐DTPA) enhancement have added to these improved images. We performed MR studies of 16 patients with head and neck tumors with detailed clinical, surgical, and pathologic information. MR studies included standard spin‐echo T1‐weighted images (T1WI) with and without fat suppression and T2‐weighted images (T2WI) with fat suppression. Gadolinium was also administered with fat suppression. Conventional and paired fat suppression MR images were compared by a grading system. Post‐Gd‐DTPA fat suppression T1WI, and T2WI with fat suppression, showed superior sensitivity for tumor delineation when compared to conventional T1WI. Fat suppression T2WI was the best technique to delineate squamous cell carcinoma both in the primary site and regional lymph nodes. Clinical, surgical, and pathologic results correlated perfectly with imaging findings. These refinements in MR imaging represent a significant advance in the radiologic evaluation of head and neck tumors. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bone and gallium scans in postradiotherapy osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Epstein Joel B. , Wong Frances L. , Dickens Alan , Szasz Ivan , Lepawsky Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe role of radiographic and nuclear imaging in evaluation of postradiotherapy osteonecrosis of the jaw was studied. Patients who had received imaging at diagnosis and following hyperbaric oxygen therapy were studied. Radiographic changes did not correlate with the clinical status of patients. All bone scans were abnormal at the time of diagnosis of osteonecrosis, but remained abnormal following changes in the clinical status of patients. Thus, the bone scan may aid in the detection of osteonecrosis. Gallium uptake did not aid i diagnosis, but did correlate with clinical findings following treatment. Persisting positive gallium scans may indicate the need for surgery following hyperbaric oxygen therapy. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Epidermoid cysts of the cranial bones
Authors: Wax Mark K. , Briant T. David R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEctodermally derived tissue in ectopic sites is seen in the head and neck. Extracranial dermoid and epidermoid tumors are relatively rare. While most otolaryngologists are familiar with the cholesteatoma of the otic area, not very many are exposed to this lesion in other sites. Those of the cranial bones are even rarer still. These tumors may expand (1) laterally in the cranial bones, (2) externally to present as masses in the scalp or facial region, or (3) internally to involve the intracranial contents. A patient with a frontal bone epidermoid, whose tumor had expanded in all three directions to erode both inner and outer cortex of cranium and laterally to rupture into the frontal sinus, is discussed. The literature is reviewed and the management of these rare masses is discussed. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Papillary adenocarcinoma in thyroid hemiagenesis
Authors: Khatri Vijay P. , Espinosa Manuel H. , Harada William A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVariation in the gross anatomy of the thyroid gland is relatively common. Although thyroid hemiagenesis is felt to be a rare anomaly, its incidence is probably underestimated as the diagnosis is usually incidental. The case of a 41‐year‐old woman with right thyroid hemiagenesis associated with papillary adenocarcinoma is presented. The diagnosis of hemiagenesis was established by isotope imaging and surgical exploration for a benign nodule. Seven years later she was seen with a recurrent neck mass, and an isotope scan revealed it to be a cold thyroid nodule. As she was diagnosed to have papillary adenocarci‐noma, total thyroid lobectomy was performed and at present she remains disease‐free. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Occult lymph node metastasis in small oral tongue cancers
Authors: Ho Chiu M. , Lam Kam H. , Wei William I. , Lau Sai K. , Lam Lai K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe need to treat the neck in patients with a small primary cancer in the tongue remains controversial. Twenty‐eight patients with stage I or II oral tongue squamous carcinomas were retrospectively reviewed. They had not received previous treatment. The tongue primary was excised via the transoral route and the neck was observed closely during follow‐up. Thirteen patients developed ipsilateral nodal metastases during follow‐up, three of whom also had simultaneous recurrence at the primary site. An additional patient had recurrence at the primary site alone. The incidence of occult neck metastasis was 42% (10 of 24). No tumor‐related death occurred in the group without nodal metastasis. The salvage rate after appearance of nodal metastasis was 30%. In oral tongue cancers, elective neck treatment should be considered regardless of a small primary and negative neck examination because of the high incidence of occult nodal metastasis and the poor outcome after salvage treatment. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.