bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of excessive fatty acid ingestion upon composition of neutral lipids and phospholipids of snailHelix pomatia L.
Authors: Oudejans R. C. H. M. , Van Der Horst D. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of an excessive intake of oleic acid on the lipids of the Roman snail (Helix pomatia L.) was studied. The total lipid content increased by 30% which was fully attributable to a marked elevation in the neutral esters and free fatty acids, as phospholipid and free sterol contents remained unaffected. The fatty acid composition of the phospholipids, characterized by high amounts of stearic, linoleic, homolinoleic, and, particularly, arachidonic acids, appeared to be nearly insensitive to this excessive oleic acid ingestion. By contrast, the effect of oleic acid upon the depot lipids was striking: active intestinal resorption of the acid from the dietary supply was shown by the fourfold level of lleic acid in the free fatty acid fraction, whereas a fivefold level of this acid in the glyceride and sterol ester fraction was proof of a substantial esterification. These data support the view that the composition of the structural lipids is specifically species oriented, whereas both the content and the composition of the depot lipids are highly governed by dietary fat intake.
Fatty acid composition of liver lipids during development of rat
Authors: Sinclair A. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of triglycerides and phospholipids from rat liver was determined throughout the period of growth in the rat. Major changes in the triglyceride fatty acid composition were observed during the period studied. The triglycerides from fetal and newborn rats contained only a small percentage of polyunsaturated acids compared with suckling and weanling rats. During the suckling phase the liver triglycerides were rich in long chain polyunsaturated acids such as 20∶4, 20∶5, 22∶5, and 22∶6; once the pups were weaned, the percentage of these acids in the liver triglycerides fell. In these experiments, 18∶2 and 18∶3 were the only polyunsaturated acids in the maternal diet. However, the stomach contents of the suckling pups contained 18∶2 and 18∶3, as well as the long chain polyunsaturated acids. Radioactive 18∶3 and 22∶6 were fed to suckling pups, and the results suggested that the LCP in the rat liver triglycerides during the suckling period were derived from the long chain polyunsaturated acids in the dam's milk, rather than by synthesis from either 18∶2 or 18∶3 within the pups.
Glycosphingolipids of human thyroid
Authors: Karli Joanna N. , Levis Gabriel M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGlycosphingolipids were isolated from total lipids of female and male human thyroids by alkaline hydrolysis, silicic acid, diethylaminoethyl‐celluose and thin layer chromatography and analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. On the basis of their mobility in two dimensions on thin layer chromatography, IR analysis, and of sugar molar ratio, four neutral glycolipids, a sulfatide, and a hematoside fraction were identified. Glucosyl, plus galactosyl ceramide, and trihexosyl ceramide were the major fractions and accounted for 33% and 28% of total neutral glycolipids, respectively. Dihexosyl ceramide was a mixture of lactosyl and digalactosyl ceramide. The acidic lower phase glycolipids comprised ceramide galactosyl sulfate as the major component of male thyroids. Hematoside was identified tentatively as a minor component of the thyroids of both sexes. Major fatty acids of all neutral glycolipid fractions were 20∶0, 22∶0, 24∶0, and 24∶1; 24∶0 and 24∶1 for sulfatides. Low proportions of α‐hydroxy fatty acids were identified. Total neutral glycosphingolipids of male thyroids were comparable in quantities with human liver but lower than kidneys, leucocytes, and platelets. Male thyroids comprised higher quantities of neutral glycosphingolipids (4.04±0.32 μmoles/g total lipid) as compared to females (2.34±0.21 μmoles/g total lipid), and much higher sulfatide than the females. These marked differences may suggest that the biosynthesis of the glycosphingolipids in the thyroid gland is under hormonal control. Similarities in glycosphingolipid composition of human thyroid and kidney are discussed in relation to a possible role played by glycolipids in ion transport, which is a common feature of the two organs.
Individual phospholipid contents and their fatty acid compositions in early normal human embryonic lung tissue
Authors: Nikolasev Velimir 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe concentrations of the individual phospholipids and their fatty acid compositions were determined in lung tissue obtained from 10–11 and 14–15 week pregancies. In this early stage of pregnancy, the amounts and fatty acid compositions of the individual phospholipids did not change substantially. Our human embryonic lung tissue results were compared with the corresponding data for infants and adults.
Model of interaction of polar lipids, cholesterol, and proteins in biological membranes
Authors: Brockerhoff H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMembranes are proposed to consist of a hydrophobic core, two hydrogen belts, and two polar zones. The hydrogen belts consist of hydrogen bond acceptors, i.e. the carbonyl groups of phospholipids and sphingolipids, and hydrogen bond donors, i.e. the labile hydrogens of cholesterol, sphingosine, proteins, and water. The density of anhydrous hydrogen bonding and the impermeability of the membrane increase with increasing concentrations of cholesterol, sphingolipids, α‐hydroxy acyl residues, plasmalogens, and ether phospholipids. Cholesterol owes its membrane‐closing properties to its rigid longitudinal orientation in the membrane combined with the latitudinal orientation of the O−H bond. It is suggested that the intrinsic proteins of membranes are held in position by hydrogen bonding, as well as by hydrophobic and electrostatic forces, and that hydrogen bonding also mediates the penetration of membranes by proteins.
Glycosphingolipids of white cells lymphoid tissue and bone marrow
Authors: Levis G. M. , Kesse‐Elias M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGlycosphingolipids of lymphoid tissues, bone marrow cells, mixed blood leucocytes, separated lymphocytes, and granulocytes from large white pigs were analyzed by thin layer and gas liquid chromatographies. The composition of the glycosphingolipids of thymus and blood leucocytes (mixed population) was similar, and trihexosyl ceramide (galactosyl‐[1–4]‐galactosyl‐[1–4]‐glucosyl‐[1–1]‐ceramide) was the major glycosphingolipid component of both tissues. The fatty acid fractions of all glycolipids from the two tissues were analyzed, and gross differences are discussed. Blood lymphocytes had a higher content of glycosphingolipids/mole phospholipid or mg protein than thymus lymphocytes obtained by a gentle washing of sliced tissue. Similar and more pronounced differences were obtained when the glycosphingolipid content of bone marrow cells (>50% polymorphonuclear neutrophils) was compared with that of blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils. In general, most of the blood leucocytes were richer in glycosphingolipids than most of the cells of the lymphoid tissues and bone marrow. These results indicate a marked difference in lipid composition between blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils and bone marrow cells. It is possible that certain of the biophysical properties which characterize blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils and which derive from changes in the cell periphery of immature granulocytes are connected with these differences in membrane lipid composition.
Reaction of cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol antisera with phospholipid antigens
Authors: Guarnieri Michael 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAntisera from rabbits inoculated with cardiolipin react with both cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol. Antiphosphatidylinositol antisera also react with both phospholipids. These results suggest that antibodies to these phospholipids obtained in certain hyperimmune sera have a limited specificity.
Studies on lipid and fatty acid composition of human hepatoma tissue
Authors: Araki Eiji , Phillips F. , Privett O. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractStudies are reported on the composition of the lipids of human liver and hepatoma tissues from male adults. Liver tissues were obtained from individuals who died from causes other than liver disease or cancer. The hepatoma tissues were obtained from individuals shortly after they succumbed to cancer. The total lipid of each tissue was fractionated quantitatively by silicic acid column chromatography into neutral lipid, glycolipid, and phospholipid fractions. These fractions were analyzed by thin layer chromatography and converted to methyl esters for analysis of their constituent fatty acids by gas liquid chromatography. In comparison to liver tissue, the total amount of lipid in the hepatoma tissues was generally higher and more variable; the lipid of one hepatoma was ca. 92% of the dry wt of the tissue. The greater lipid content of the hepatoma tissues was due to the high percentage of neutral lipid. Except for one specimen, there was ca. the same amount of glycolipid in the hepatoma as in the liver tissues, but the composition of the glycolipid fraction of the hepatoma lipid differed considerably, particularly in the ganglioside fraction. The phospholipid fraction of hepatoma lipid was much lower than that of liver but exhibited only quantitative differences in composition. No glyceryl ether diesters and only traces of plasmalogens of phosphatidyl choline or phosphatidyl ethanolamine were detected in the liver and hepatoma lipids. The levels of monoenoic acids were higher and those of linoleic and polyunsaturated fatty acids lower in the hepatoma lipids. Positional isomers of trienoic acids not normally present in liver tissue were detected in hepatoma lipids. The abnormalities observed in lipid composition indicated interferences in the regulatory processes of lipid metabolism in human hepatoma similar to those observed in animals.
Intramolecular fatty acid distribution in milk fat triglycerides of monkeys
Authors: Smith Lloyd M. , Hardjo Suhadi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPancreatic lipase hydrolysis was used to determine the distribution of fatty acids in the milk triglycerides of four species of monkeys and of human milk. The patterns of the major fatty acids were generally similar in all species examined, but there were some differences in the relative concentrations of individual fatty acids esterified at either the 2 or 1,3 positions. Caprylic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids were found predominantly at the 1,3 positions; in contrast, lauric, myristic, palmitic, and palmitoleic were concentrated at the 2 position. Monkey milk fats had greater proportions of these acids at the respective positions than did bovine milk fat. Also, the monkey fats were relatively uniform both in total unsaturated fatty acids (41–48%) and in the proportion of these esterified at the 2 position (19–26%). In general, both the fatty acid composition and the specific distribution of fatty acids in the monkey milk fats more closely resembled the patterns in human milk fat than did those in ruminant milk fats.
Biosynthesis of anacardic acids from acetate inGinkgo biloba
Authors: Gellerman Joanne L. , Anderson Wayne H. , Schlenk Hermann 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAnacardic acids synthesized from [1‐14C] and [2‐14C] acetates byGinkgo biloba were subjected to chemical degradation to locate the14C in the molecules. Radioactivity in the carboxyl group was determined by decarboxylation and counting the resulting CO2; in the aliphatic chian, by oxidation of anacardol from which three homologous fatty acids are obtained; and in ring C‐6, chain C‐1 and chain C‐2 by decarboxylation of these fatty acids where the carboxyl groups represent these respective C atoms. Distribution of14C in the anacardic acids indicates that synthesis of the chain and of the ring are separate processes. According to its radioactivity, ring C‐6 originates from the chain. A polyketide mechanism appears likely for the ring synthesis, although considerable randomization of 1‐14C and of 2‐14C from the acetates had occurred in the plants.
Occurrence and chemical structure of nonmethylene‐interrupted dienoic fatty acids in american oysterCrassostrea virginica
Authors: Paradis M. , Ackman R. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe American oyster,Crassostrea virginica, was found to contain structurally homologous nonmethylene‐interrupted dienoic (NMID) fatty acids. The major C20 and C22 nonmethylene‐interrupted dienoic fatty acid isomers were shown to occur as two pairs of homologues 5,13–20∶2 with 7,15–22∶2 and 5,11–20∶2 with 7,13–22∶2. A combination of analytical procedures was required for conclusive structure determination.
Synthesis and properties of phosphatidyl carnitine and phosphatidyl β‐methylcholine
Authors: Hintze Ulrich , Gercken Guenther 
Published: November 2006

Abstractrac‐Phosphatidyl carnitine and racphosphatidyl β‐methylcholine were synthesized by direct condensation of phosphatidic acid and the appropriate alcohols in the presence of 2,4,6‐triisopropylbenzenesulphonylchloride and pyridine. Tetraphenylborates of the quarternary ammonium compounds β‐methylcholine and carnitine benzyl ester were shown to be particularly convenient for synthesis in homogeneous phase. Physical and chemical properties of the two phosphoglycerolipids and some intermediates were described. Phosphatidyl carnitine and phosphatidyl β‐methylcholine were hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 (phosphatide acyl‐hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.4), pancreatic lipase (triacylglycerol acyl‐hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3), and phospholipase C fromBacillus cereus (phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.3). Neither hydrolysis nor transphosphatidylation of phosphatidyl carnitine and phosphatidyl β‐methylcholine was achieved by phospholipase D (phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.4). The occurrence of phosphatidyl carnitine in embryonic chicken tissue was suggested by comparison with the synthesized compound. Phosphatidyl carnitine could not be detected in the tissue of rat embryos.
Evaluation of chromic oxide, glycerol triether, and β‐sitosterol as fecal flow markers in two species of nonhuman primates
Authors: Clair Richard W. St. , Lehner Noel D. M. , Hamm Thomas E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRecovery of β‐sitosterol, glycerol triether (1‐hexadecyl‐2,3,‐didodecyl glycerol triether), and chromic oxide was studied in African green monkeys and stumptail macaques consuming diets containing 0.75 mg/Cal cholesterol and 38% of calories as safflower oil or butter. Following oral administration of these compounds, feces were collected daily for 9 days. For all animals, excretion of β‐sitosterol and glycerol triether paralleled one another almost exactly. Except for two animlas, this was also true for chromic acid. Essentially 100% of the administered β‐sitosterol and 90–95% of the glycerol triether were recovered; excretion of these markers virtually was complete by day 3. Ninety‐two percent of the β‐sitosterol was isolated in the nonsaponifiable lipid extract of the feces with less than 6% in the remaining aqueous phase. A maximum of 3.1% of the β‐sitosterol and 1.8% of the glycerol triether were found in the blood. For stumptail macaques, the major excretory form of β‐sitosterol was the 5β‐derivative. African green monkeys were more variable; one animal excreted the bulk of the β‐sitosterol unchanged while others excreted greater than 80% as the ring‐saturated 5β‐derivative. Animals consuming the safflower oil containing diet consistently excreted a greater percentage of the β‐sitosterol unchanged, compared with those animals eating the butter containing diet. There was no evidence for steroid ring degradation in any of the animals used in this study.
Peanut alkaline lipase
Authors: Sanders Timothy H. , Pattee Harold E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPeanut alkaline lipase, (glycerol ester hydrolase EC 3.1.1.3), pH optimum 8.5, was isolated from acetone powders prepared from developing and germinated peanut seed (Arachis hypogaea L. var. NC‐2). Enzyme activity/seed increased in successive developmental stages. The course of the hydrolytic reaction was linear with regard to enzyme concentration and all times tested up to periods exceeding 60 min. Km for the reaction was determined to be 2.6×10−4M. Molecular weight of peanut lipase, as estimated by Sephadex gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, was ca. 55,000.
Animal endogenous triglycerides: III. Swine, rat and chicken liver: Comparison with adipose tissue
Authors: Anderson Robert E. , Bottino Nestor R. , Cook Leonard J. , Reiser Raymond 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe endogenous triglycerides of swine, rat and chicken livers were fractionated by silver ion thin layer chromatography and the resulting fractions were analyzed for their fatty acid composition and distribution. Whereas the endogenous triglycerides of swine adipose tissue differ markedly from those of rat and chicken adipose tissue in the location of the major fatty acids, the liver triglycerides of the three species are quite similar. They also resemble rat and chicken adipose triglycerides.
Characterization of the nonvolatile compounds formed during the thermal oxidation of 1‐linoleyl‐2,3 distearin: I. The nonacidic fraction
Authors: Wantland L. R. , Perkins E. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA compound isolated from the nonacidic fraction of thermally oxidized 1‐linoleyl‐2,3‐distearin was shown to be 18‐pentatriacontanone. A combination of schemical and instrumental analyses was used to determine the structure.
Some aspects of fatty acid metabolism in brown adipose tissue
Authors: Ball Eric G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe action of catecholamines on white and brown adipose tissue is compared. The available evidence indicates that lipolysis is initiated in both tissues by hormonal action. There are, however, some differences in the behavior of the lipolytic process in the two tissues in their response to theophylline, nicotinic acid and insulin which remain unexplained. It would appear that the release of free fatty acids triggers the stimulation of O2 consumption in both tissues. In brown adipose tissue no evidence has been obtained to indicate that the increased O2 consumption is geared to the production of ATP for the purpose of reesterification of the released free fatty acids, as is the case in white adipose tissue.
Cuticular lipids of insects
Authors: Jackson Larry L. , Baker G. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCuticular lipids cover nearly all parts of insect and are the chief agent for restricting water loss. The structure of insect epicuticles is reviewed, with emphasis on the role of cuticular lipids and the metabolism of cuticular lipids. The chemical composition of insect cuticular lipids are discussed with particular emphasis on the types in which hydrocarbons, was esters and fatty alcohols predominate. What little evidence is available on the biosynthesis of insect cuticular lipids is discussed.
Plant waxes
Authors: Kolattukudy P. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe surface of plants is covered with a complex mixture of lipids, often in crystalline form, called plant waxes. The chemistry, biosynthesis, catabolism and function of plant waxes are reviewed. The most common components are hydrocarbons, wax esters, free fatty alcohols and acids. Ketones, secondary alcohols, diols, aldehydes, terpenes and flavones are also found. The major function of the wax appears to be protection of the organism from water loss and other hazards of the environment. The alkanes are formed from fatty acids either by elongation followed by decarboxylation or by head‐to‐head condensation between two biochemically dissimilar fatty acids followed by specific decarboxylation of one of them. Fatty acyl‐CoA is reduced to the aldehyde which in turn is reduced to the alcohol. The alcohol is then esterified with acyl moieties from acyl‐CoA or phospholipids. Plant waxes undergo very little catabolism in plants but animals can degrade them to a limited extent and microorganisms readily degrade them.
Unusual olefinic fatty acids in seed oils from two genera in the ranunculaceae
Authors: Spencer G. F. , Kleiman R. , Earle F. R. , Wolff I. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOil from one of the two species ofAnemone investigated contained 20% of γ‐linolenic acid but the other had none. Linoleic acid was the major component in both oils. Four of the five species ofRanunculus produced oil containing 2% to 4% of a component identified in one sample ascis‐7,cis‐10‐hexadecadienoic acid. Major components were linoleic and linolenic acids.
In vivo transfer of14C‐4‐cholesterol from mouse host to encapsulatedTrichinella spiralis larvae
Authors: Digenis George A. , Konyalian Arpine , Thorson Ralph 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMice infected for four months with the parasiteTrichinella spiralis were fed 4‐14C‐cholesterol. The encapsulated larvae were then collected from the mice, and the lipids of the larvae were extracted and fractionated by thin layer chromatography (TLC). One of the TLC bands known to contain cholesterol was subfractionated; the resulting bands were assayed for radioactivity. It was found that the pure cholesterol fraction contained radioactive cholesterol, presumably from the host.
Mass spectrometry of lipids. II. Monoglycerides, their diacetyl derivatives and their trimethylsilyl ethers
Authors: Johnson Cecil B. , Holman Ralph T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe mass spectra of 1‐ and 2‐monoglycerides, their diacetyl derivatives and their trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether derivatives were recorded at high (80 eV) and low (6–13 eV) voltages. The fatty acid components of these derivatives included the even‐numbered saturated acids from capric to arachidic acid plus oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Differences between isomeric 1‐ and 2‐monoglycerides were not sufficient to provide a basis for the analysis of these isomers. Mass spectra of the monoglycerides were very similar to the corresponding methyl esters. Mass spectra of the diacetyl derivatives were qualitatively similar to triglycerides of long‐chain fatty acids, but parent ions were not observed. The spectra of diacetyl derivatives may be used for distinguishing 1‐ and 2‐monoglycerides, but the spectra of the TMS ethers are better in this regard. The latter derivatives have fragmentation patterns distinct for the 1‐ and 2‐monoglyceride isomers, particularly at low electron voltages.
An unidentified lipid prevalent in tumors
Authors: Snyder Fred , Cress Edgar A. , Stephens Nelson 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn unidentified lipid was found in five different tumor sources. It was not found in liver, bone marrow or plasma from tumor‐bearing animals, nor in the extracellular fluid supporting growth of Ehrlich ascites cells. The polarity of the unidentified component was similar to that of a glyceryl ether diester, and it was isolated in milligram amounts by preparative thinlayer chromatography. Neither methyl esters of fatty acids, vinyl ether diesters nor quinones were found in the structural makeup of this lipid. Thin‐layer chromatography of the purified unidentified tumor lipid on Ag‐impregnated silica layers revealed two main components of intermediary unsaturation. Saponification of the unidentified tumor lipid, when water washing was omitted, yielded two components that migrated at Rf's identical to those of free fatty acids and dihydroxy glyceryl monoethers. Neither acetate‐1‐14C nor palmitic‐1‐14C acid (single injections) was found to be incorporated into the unidentified lipid of a mature rat tumor.