bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Records and the Law
Authors: Rumore James J. , Al-Bagdadi Fahri K. , Titkemeyer Charles 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Practitioners involved in the diagnosis and treatment of health-related conditions are vulnerable to litigation. Courts of law frequently award large settlements to plaintiffs who can convince a jury that the quality of service was less than could be reasonably expected. Court judgments are based on evidence supported by hard facts. Practitioners should maintain an accurate accounting of each case, not only as good business practice but also as evidence in case of litigation. The medical record is an excellent source of such evidence.
Eye Worms in Cattle in Indiana
Authors: Ladouceur Cynthia A. , Kazacos Kevin R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Of 320 Indiana cattle examined for eye worms between Aug 31, 1977 and July 12, 1979, 88 (28%) were found to be infected with Thelazia gulosa and Thelazia skrjabini. Seventeen cattle had eye worms in both eyes and 65 cattle had them in a single eye (worms from 6 cattle were pooled, thus not included). From 1 to 28 eye worms (mean, 6) were found per infected animal. Breed predilection was not evident, and 3-year-old cattle had the highest proportion of infection.
Bone Marrow Hypoplasia in Eight Dogs with Sertoli Cell Tumor
Authors: Sherding Robert G. , Wilson George P. , Kociba Gary J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eight male dogs with Sertoli cell tumor had pancytopenia and bone marrow hypoplasia attributed to endogenous estrogen myelotoxicosis. Clinical signs were hemorrhage caused by thrombocytopenia, anemia caused by blood loss or diminished erythrocyte production, and infection and fever associated with granulocytopenia. Other signs attributed to hyperestrogenism were feminization and prostatic disease. Two dogs recovered after castration and supportive treatment, but 5 other similarly treated dogs died of hematopoietic failure. One dog wag euthanatized.
Relationship of Neonatal Mortality in Lambs to Serologic Status of the Ewe for Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Huffman E. M. , Kirk J. H. , Winward L. , Gorham J. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The indirect hemagglutination method was used to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in a random sample (250) of lambing ewes from a large (4,226 ewes) western range flock. Agglutination (≥2 + ) at the 1:64 serum dilution was considered a positive reaction; the seroprevalence was 20.8%. The neonatal mortality for lambs born to seropositive ewes was 30.7%, which was significantly greater than that for seronegative ewes (13.6%). The average age at death for lambs born to seropositive ewes was 24.8 hours, which was significantly less than that for lambs born to seronegative ewes (31.2 hours).
Suppurative Abomasitis Associated with Clostridium septicum Infection
Authors: Eustis S. L. , Bergeland M. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 1-week-old calf and two 1-month-old lambs from different farms in eastern South Dakota had severe abomasitis characterized by diffuse suppurative inflammation, edema, and emphysema. Clostridium septicum in the abomasal wall of each was identified by immunofluorescence and isolation. The lesions and microbiologic findings established the disease as braxy, a condition infrequently reported in the United States and thought to affect sheep only.
Urinary Tract Infection Resulting from Catheterization in Healthy Adult Dogs
Authors: Biertuempfel Pamela H. , Ling Gerald V. , Ling Gordon A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The urinary bladders of 70 clinically normal adult dogs of both sexes and a variety of breeds were catheterized after a urine specimen was taken from each dog by antepubic cystocentesis. All of the specimens were negative for bacterial growth after 72 hours’ incubation at 37 C. Three days later, a 2nd urine specimen was taken from each dog by cystocentesis. All 35 specimens collected from male dogs at this time were culture-negative, whereas 7 of 35 (20%) specimens collected from female dogs were culture-positive. It was concluded that urinary bladder catheterization in female dogs is associated with substantial risk and should be used only when alternate methods of urine collection are not available.
Mannitol Agar for Microbiologic Diagnosis of Bovine Mastitis
Authors: Ward G. E. , Madl J. E. , Lyon R. H. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A medium containing mannitol (mannitol agar) was developed and evaluated as a tool for the microbiologic diagnosis of bovine mastitis. Mannitol agar supported growth of all important bacterial mastitis pathogens (staphylococci, streptococci, coliforms, and pseudomonads) except Corynebacterium pyogenes. Color change around colonies in the agar permitted the differentiation of pathogenic from nonpathogenic staphylococci. Most Staphylococcus aureus strains and some Staphylococcus epidermidis strains produced yellow zones. These yellow zone-producing strains (mannitol fermenters) of staphylococci were obtained from quarters with significantly elevated (P<0.05) somatic cell counts (scc) in the milk, as compared with uninfected quarters and, therefore, would be considered pathogens. Mannitol-negative strains of S epidermidis (those with red zones) were obtained from quarters with scc similar to those of uninfected quarters.
The streptococci could be divided into 2 groups on the basis of color change around the colonies: Streptococcus agalactiae, Str dysgalactiae, and group G streptococci produced red zones; Str uberis, Str bovis, and enterococci produced yellow zones. Pathogenic streptococci (Str agalactiae, Str dysgalactiae, Str uberis, and group G streptococci) were obtained from quarters with scc significantly higher (P<0.01) than those of uninfected quarters. Streptococcus bovis and enterococci were obtained from quarters with scc similar to those of uninfected quarters and were considered nonpathogenic. Pathogenic streptococci were found in much higher concentration than nonpathogenic streptococci and could be differentiated on that basis.
Mineral Composition of Urinary Calculi from Miniature Schnauzer Dogs
Authors: Klausner J. S. , Osborne C. A. , Clinton C. W. , Stevens J. B. , Griffith D. P. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The mineral composition of 150 calculi from the urinary tracts of Miniature Schnauzer dogs was determined by qualitative and quantitative methods. Struvite was the predominant mineral in 92% of the calculi. Other calculi contained predominantly apatite, calcium oxalate, ammonium urate, or silica.
Most calculi were from the urinary bladder or urethra, or both. Four were from the renal pelves. Struvite calculi were more frequently encountered in females than males. The mean age of the dogs at the time of detection of calculi was 4.8 years.
Qualitative analysis failed to detect some minerals that were identified by quantitative analysis.
Ischiadic Nerve Entrapment
Authors: Walker T. L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
In 3 cases of ischiadic nerve entrapment secondary to trauma (2 dogs, 1 cat), nerve conduction studies revealed a delayed latency when the ischiadic nerve was stimulated proximal to the lesion and a normal latency distal to the entrapped segment of the nerve. The techniques of external neurolysis and long digital extensor tendon transfer were utilized in the management and ultimate recovery from the paralysis.
Cardiomyopathy of English Cocker Spaniels
Authors: Staaden Ross V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In an English Cocker Spaniel kennel in which the adult population varied between 20 and 30, 11 dogs had evidence of cardiomyopathy over a 5-year period. Three of the affected dogs were found dead, with cardiac enlargement and pulmonary edema found at necropsy. In the other affected dogs, dyspnea and other signs of congestive heart failure developed; 5 of these died. Necropsies were performed on 4 dogs, all of which had cardiac enlargement and pulmonary edema. In 3 dogs, the dyspnea abated with treatment. Four of the 11 affected dogs were less than 5 years old. Chronic valvular disease was discounted because some dogs had no murmurs and, at necropsy, valve leaflets were only slightly thickened. Heart weight ranged from 1.21%–1.56% of body weight.
Multiple Cardiac Anomalies in a Family of Saluki Dogs
Authors: Ogburn Phillip N. , Peterson Mark , Jeraj Karim 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Clinical studies of a family of Saluki dogs demonstrated a spectrum of cardiac malformations, which ranged from mild thickening of a pulmonic valve leaflet to a complex condition composed of tricuspid valve insufficiency, pulmonic stenosis, patent ductus arteriosus, and mitral valve insufficiency. All affected dogs had patent ductus arteriosus or ductus diverticulum, which is an incomplete or atypical form of patent ductus arteriosus. The clinical findings varied with the type of cardiac lesion(s) found. Pedigree evaluation suggested a genetic cause, though environmental factors could not be excluded.
Bone Sarcomas Associated with Multifocal Medullary Bone Infarction in Dogs
Authors: Dubielzig Richard. R. , Biery Darryl N. , Brodey Robert S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nine dogs with primary osteosarcoma also had concurrent bone infarctions. The median weight of the 9 dogs was less than 12 kg, and the median age was 10 years. Radiographically and histologically, bone infarctions were apparent in the limb bones and the cranium. Radiographically, there were multiple, irregular intramedullary densities, particularly in the limb bones. Histologically, there was widespread necrosis of the medullary soft tissue and bone, with proliferative new bone formation on medullary trabeculae. Collagen deposition throughout the vessel walls leading to occlusion was seen only in the intramedullary arteries.
Acute Hemolytic Anemia, Methemoglobinemia, and Heinz Body Formation Associated with Ingestion of Red Maple Leaves by Horses
Authors: Tennant B. , Dill S. G. , Glickman L. T. , Mirro E. J. , King J. M. , Polak D. M. , Smith M. C. , Kradel D. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
From June 1975 through June 1979, acute hemolytic anemia developed in 11 horses from 7 New York farms. Of the 7 horses that died, 6 had methemoglobinemia. In the 4 horses that recovered, methemoglobinemia was not observed, but Heinz body formation was seen in 3 of the 4. On 2 of the premises involved, frank methemoglobinemia was observed concurrently with Heinz body formation, suggesting a relationship between the pathogenesis of methemoglobinemia and Heinz body formation in the hemolytic process. In addition to the 11 cases described, 22 clinically similar cases were reported to us during the period of this investigation by practicing veterinarians from New York, Pennsylvania, and the New England states.
All 33 cases of hemolytic anemia occurred between June and October of each year, and affected horses had access to outside paddocks or fields containing a variety of native grasses, weeds, and trees. On 2 farms, hemolytic anemia developed after the horses were observed browsing fallen branches of red maple trees (Acer rubrum). Red maple leaves and bark were obtained from 1 of these farms, and approximately 1 kg of a leaf and bark mixture was fed to each of 2 ponies. Within 48 hours, both ponies became ill. The syndrome was indistinguishable from that observed in clinical patients and was characterized by methemoglobinemia and intravascular hemolysis. The ponies died 5 and 6 days after ingestion of the suspected poisonous material, at which time the packed cell volumes were 6% and 7%, respectively.
It was concluded that many cases of hemolytic anemia in horses in northeastern states may be related to ingestion of leaves or bark from red maple trees. The studies did not, however, define the factors that predispose to poisoning and did not exclude the possibility that other environmental toxins may have been involved.
Effectiveness of a Topical Antifungal Agent (Clotrimazole) in Dogs
Authors: McCurdy H. D. , Hepler D. I. , Larson K. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An infection of Trichophyton mentagrophytes was induced in 13 dogs, and of Microsporum canis, in 9 dogs. After the lesions became established, they were assigned to a group for clotrimazole treatment, miconazole treatment, or no treatment. Treatments were applied once daily for 28 days, using a double-blind method. The lesions were evaluated by daily scoring of severity and by semiweekly culturing throughout the treatment period.
Compared with untreated controls, the response to clotrimazole was significantly better from day 11 until the end of the study. The response to clotrimazole equaled or occasionally exceeded that to miconazole.
Distal Intertarsal and Tarsometatarsal Joints in the Horse: Communication and Injection Sites
Authors: Sack W. O. , Orsini P. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
One hundred three equine hocks, obtained from the postmortem room, were used to study the communication and injection of material into the distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints. Excluding the hocks with fused central and 3rd tarsal bones, in 8.3% of hocks injected with low (clinical) pressure and in 23.8% injected with high pressure, the distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints communicated by dissection of the material through 2 internal spaces: the tarsal canal and the space between the combined tarsal bones 1 and 2 and tarsal bone 3. A “pop” sometimes felt when high pressure was used did not necessarily indicate that a communication between the 2 joints had been established. The distal intertarsal joint was best punctured medially through the proximal part of the gap between the combined tarsal bones 1 and 2, tarsal bone 3, and the central tarsal bone. The tarsometatarsal joint was most reliably punctured plantarolaterally between the head of the 4th metatarsal and 4th tarsal bones.
Acute Idiopathic Polyneuropathy in the Dog
Authors: Northington J. W. , Brown M. J. , Farnbach G. C. , Steinberg S. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
From among a large group of dogs with acute tetraparesis, we identified 10 dogs with a distinct peripheral nerve disorder. Prior to the onset of signs, all of the dogs had been healthy, and none was known to have been exposed to a neurotoxin or raccoon bite. Weakness, with hypoactive or absent segmental reflexes, became progressively worse for 1 to 21 days. Results of electromyography and nerve conduction studies invariably were compatible with a diagnosis of polyneuropathy that predominantly affected proximal nerve segments. Appearance of nerve biopsy specimens and the short time course for functional recovery suggested a demyelinative component to the disorder. The extent of recovery was variable but often rapid and complete in dogs that did not succumb to complications in the early period. Corticosteroid therapy did not demonstrably influence the outcome. This acute idiopathic polyneuropathy in the dog shares many clinical and pathologic features with idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis (Coonhound paralysis).
Inheritance of a Neuromuscular Disorder of Labrador Retriever Dogs
Authors: Kramer John W. , Hegreberg G. A. , Hamilton Mary Jo 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A heritable neuromuscular disorder of Labrador Retrievers was demonstrated to be transmitted by a simple autosomal recessive mode. The pathologic changes were confined to affected dogs, and a method for identifying the unaffected carrier was not found. The disorder was first recognized in 4 litters submitted for clinical examination; then was studied in 6 additional litters to determine the mode of inheritance. Although the disorder appeared widespread, its prevalence was thought to be low.
Induced African Swine Fever in Feral Pigs
Authors: McVicar John W. , Mebus Charles A. , Becker M. Neil , Belden Robert C. , Gibbs E. P. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Feral pigs trapped in Florida were exposed by intranasal/oral inoculation or contact to African swine fever virus isolants from the Iberian peninsula and the Dominican Republic. All exposed pigs became sick and died or were killed after becoming moribund. Necropsy revealed lesions typical of African swine fever, but several pigs had marked hemorrhage surrounding the kidneys or rectum or in the gastric, hepatic, or ventral abdominal region that, in the field, might have suggested trauma or poisoning as a cause of death. Most pigs had severe lesions associated with kidney worms. Virus was detected in the blood and selected tissues of each pig, using the hemadsorption reaction in porcine monocyte cultures; direct or indirect immunofluorescence was used to confirm the diagnosis.
Habronemic Blepharoconjunctivitis in Horses
Authors: Rebhun W. C. , Mirro E. J. , Georgi M. E. , Kern T. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Habronemic blepharoconjunctivitis was characterized clinically by raised yellow gritty plaques in the palpebral and bulbar conjunctivae. Lid granulomas and blepharitis were observed in some cases. On histologic examination, mast cells, eosinophils, and collagenolysis were found in most sections, but if only one section was examined an erroneous diagnosis of mastocytosis could have been made. Treatment consisted of larvicidal mixtures for lid lesions and organophosphate ophthalmic drops along with corticosteroids for the conjunctivitis. If the cornea was damaged by the gritty conjunctival plaques, healing was more prolonged because corticosteroids were then contraindicated.
Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and Dipetalonema reconditum Infections in Missouri Dogs
Authors: Pratt Sara E. , Convin Robert M. , Selby Lloyd A. , Rhoades John D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and Dipetalonema reconditum infections in Missouri dogs was investigated by means of a statewide veterinary mail survey and a study of shelter dogs from central Missouri and Mississippi River communities. The veterinary survey revealed microfilariae of D immitis in 447 of 11,823 (3.8 %) dogs, microfilariae of D reconditum in 14 (0.1 %), and microfilariae of both species in 8 (< 0.1%). Of 493 shelter dogs examined, using the modified Knott test, 23 (4.7%) were positive for D immitis, 23 (4.7 %) for D reconditum, and 2 (0.4%) for both helminths. The prevalence of infection with both D immitis (9.4%) and D reconditum (6.3%) was higher in shelter dogs from the Mississippi River communities than in those from central Missouri (1.7% for D immitis, 3.7% for D reconditum). The microfilariae of D immitis in shelter dogs ranged in length from 255 to 343 μm (mean, 314 μm) and in width from 5.0 to 7.5 μm (mean, 6.5 μm); those of D reconditum ranged in length from 238 to 295 μm (mean, 257 μm) and in width from 3.2 to 6.5 μm (mean, 4.9 μm). Buttonhook tails were seen in 41 % of D reconditum. In the final analysis, the shape of the anterior end was considered the most reliable criterion for differentiation.
Equine Carpal Surgery: A Review of 89 Cases and Evaluation of Return to Function
Authors: Lindsay W. A. , Horney F. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
During a 6-year period, carpal arthrotomies were performed on 89 horses with carpal fractures. Fifty-two percent of the fractures involved the left forelimb; the 3rd carpal bone was most often involved (42%), followed by the radial carpal bone (30%). The effect of surgery on the performance of a subgroup of 48 Thoroughbreds was evaluated by comparing the number of starts, level of racing (claiming value), and earnings for the 12 months of racing preceding and following arthrotomy. The data indicated that carpal arthrotomy in the Thoroughbred carries with it a favorable prognosis inasmuch as 80% of the patients in this study returned to competition.
Relationship Between Serum Immunoglobulin Values and Incidence of Respiratory Disease in Calves
Authors: Davidson J. N. , Yancey S. P. , Campbell S. G. , Warner R. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Severe respiratory disease, with high morbidity and high mortality, occurred in 2 groups of bull calves (14 to 64 days old) raised in the same facility. Necropsy findings included lesions of acute or chronic bronchopneumonia. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) values were determined for all calves at 3 to 6 days of age. Calves that died of respiratory disease had an average IgG value of 1,267 mg/100 ml, whereas calves that lived had an average IgG value of 2,698 mg/100 ml. Calves with low serum IgG values had higher morbidity, had to be treated earlier in life, and had to be treated more frequently per day, when compared with calves that had high serum IgG values.
Effect of Acetazolamide on Blood Acid-Base and Electrolyte Values in Dogs
Authors: Haskins Steve C. , Munger Robert J. , Helphrey Marvin G. , Gilroy Beverly A. , Patz John D. , Steele Mark D. , Shapiro Wayne 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of acetazolamide administration on arterial blood acid-base equilibrium and electrolyte concentrations were evaluated in 13 clinical patients and in a 4-week experiment in 6 conditioned mixed-breed dogs. Findings included persistent acidemia characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, elevated partial pressure of oxygen, and mild depletion of potassium. Changes in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide were variable, and there was no change in plasma sodium concentration or osmolality.
Measured disturbances were apparent within 12 hours of the commencement of acetazolamide administration, peaked at between 1.5 and 5.0 days, and thereafter stabilized. Abnormalities were restored to normal within 1.5 days following termination of drug administration.
Public Health Implications of Plague in Domestic Cats
Authors: Kaufmann Arnold F. , Mann Jonathan M. , Gardiner Ted M. , Heaton Fred , Poland Jack D. , Barnes Allan M. , Maupin Gary O. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bubonic plague was diagnosed in a 6-year-old boy who lived in a plague-endemic area of New Mexico. His illness resulted from being scratched and bitten by a Yersinia pestis-infected cat. Three other human plague cases in western United States and 2 in South Africa also resulted from exposure to Y pestis-infected cats.
Laryngeal Paralysis in Three Cats
Authors: Hardie Elizabeth M. , Kolata Ronald J. , Stone Elizabeth A. , Steiss Janet E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Acute laryngeal paralysis was diagnosed in 3 cats with signs of upper airway obstruction. In each case, the diagnosis was made by direct laryngoscopy. In 2 cases, the diagnosis was confirmed by electromyography of the larynx. Treatment consisted of partial laryngectomy, using an oral approach.
Raccoon Ascarid Larvae as a Cause of Fatal Central Nervous System Disease in Subhuman Primates
Authors: Kazacos Kevin R. , Wirtz Wendy L. , Burger Paul P. , Christmas Cathy S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
To assess the danger of Baylisascaris procyonis (the common roundworm of raccoons) to subhuman primates, as well as the zoonotic potential of the parasite, 4 squirrel monkeys were inoculated by stomach tube with 5,000 or 10,500 infective B procyonis eggs. Fulminating severe cns disease developed at 10-15 days after inoculation, and the monkeys died or were euthanatized at 12-19 days. At necropsy, numerous hemorrhagic migration tracks were visible in coronal brain slices. Histologically, numerous migration tracks and larvae were seen in the brain as well as the spinal cord. Larvae measured 60-65μm in midbody diameter. Migration tracks averaged 508μm × 354μm in cross section and consisted of foci of malacia and micro-cavitation, with an influx of macrophages and leukocytes, and various degrees of hemorrhage. Also seen were extensive perivascular cuffing, gliosis, astrocytosis, and a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate. Numerous larval granulomas were seen grossly and microscopically throughout the body; they were particularly abundant in the tissues of the head, neck, and thorax. It was concluded that B procyonis should be considered a threat to the health of subhuman primates and an important potential zoonosis in situations wherein infection of monkeys or human beings could take place.