bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two differentially regulated phosphate transporters from the symbiotic fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum and phosphorus acquisition by ectomycorrhizal Pinus pinaster
Authors: Tatry Marie‐Violaine , El Kassis Elie , Lambilliotte Raphaël , Corratgé Claire , Van Aarle Ingrid , Amenc Laurie K. , Alary Rémi , Zimmermann Sabine , Sentenac Hervé , Plassard Claude 
Published: November 2008

SummaryEctomycorrhizal symbiosis markedly improves plant phosphate uptake, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this benefit are still poorly understood. We identified two ESTs in a cDNA library prepared from the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum with significant similarities to phosphate transporters from the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus versiforme and from non‐mycorrhizal fungi. The full‐length cDNAs corresponding to these two ESTs complemented a yeast phosphate transport mutant (Δpho84). Measurements of 33P‐phosphate influx into yeast expressing either cDNA demonstrated that the encoded proteins, named HcPT1 and HcPT2, were able to mediate Pi:H+ symport with different affinities for Pi (Km values of 55 and 4 μm, respectively). Real‐time RT‐PCR showed that Pi starvation increased the levels of HcPT1 transcripts in H. cylindrosporum hyphae grown in pure culture. Transcript levels of HcPT2 were less dependent on Pi availability. The two transporters were expressed in H. cylindrosporum associated with its natural host plant, Pinus pinaster, grown under low or high P conditions. The presence of ectomycorrhizae increased net Pi uptake rates into intact Pinus pinaster roots at low or high soil P levels. The expression patterns of HcPT1 and HcPT2 indicate that the two fungal phosphate transporters may be involved in uptake of phosphate from the soil solution under the two soil P availability conditions used.
QTL mapping of maize (Zea mays) stay‐green traits and their relationship to yield
Authors: Zheng H. J. , Wu A. Z. , Zheng C. C. , Wang Y. F. , Cai R. , Shen X. F. , Xu R. R. , Liu P. , Kong L. J. , Dong S. T. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA maize genetic linkage map derived from 115 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was constructed from an F2 population. The F2 was generated from a cross between a stay‐green inbred line (Q319) and a normal inbred line (Mo17). The map resolved 10 linkage groups and spanned 1431.0 cM in length with an average genetic distance of 12.44 cM between two neighbouring loci. A total of 14 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected for stay‐green traits at different postflowering time intervals and identified by composite interval mapping. The respective QTL contribution to phenotypic variance ranged from 5.40% to 11.49%, with trait synergistic action from Q319. Moreover, maize stay‐green traits were closely correlated to grain yield. Additional QTL analyses indicated that multiple intervals of stay‐green QTL overlapped with yield QTL.
Endoscopic management of bile leaks after blunt abdominal trauma
Authors: Sharma BC , Mishra SR , Kumar Rakesh , Sarin SK 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground and Study Aims:  Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) has been found to be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of post‐traumatic bile leaks, but data on outcome after therapeutic ERCP is limited. We performed a prospective study on evaluation of ERCP for diagnosis and treatment of bile leaks following blunt abdominal trauma.Patients and Methods:  Ten patients of bile leaks following blunt abdominal trauma were evaluated for modes of injury, clinical presentations, investigations, ERCP findings, modes of therapy and outcome. The time interval between trauma and ERCP, ERCP and healing of bile leak and complications of ERCP were also recorded.Results:  Ten patients (age 21.9 ± 14.5 years, 6 males) presented 24.6 ± 17.1 days following trauma. The modes of injury were motor vehicle accident (n = 6), and fall from height (n = 4). The ERCP revealed bile leak from the right hepatic duct (n = 7), both right and left hepatic ducts (n = 1), mid‐common bile duct (n = 1), and peripheral branches of right hepatic duct (n = 1). Procedures for ERCP included endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) with stenting in nine patients and ES with nasobiliary drainage in one patient. Bile leak resolved in all the patients in 8.5 ± 8.2 days. Biliary stents and the nasobiliary drain were removed after 36.4 ± 16.2 days of their insertion and all the patients remain asymptomatic for follow up of 33 ± 20.8 months.Conclusions:  Therapeutic ERCP procedures like endoscopic sphincterotomy with stenting or nasobiliary drainage are effective in management of bile leaks following blunt abdominal trauma.
Discrepancies between cytology, cystoscopy and biopsy in bladder cancer detection after Bacille Calmette‐Guerin intravesical therapy
Authors: Hara Tomohiko , Takahashi Mutsuo , Gondo Toshikazu , Nagao Kazuhiro , Ohmi Chietaka , Sakano Shigeru , Naito Katsusuke , Matsuyama Hideyasu 
Published: November 2008

Objectives:  To evaluate discrepancies in the detection of Bacille Calmette‐Guerin (BCG)‐resistant bladder cancer by cystoscopy, bladder biopsy and urinary cytology.Methods:  Between January 1992 and August 2006, 127 bladder cancer patients underwent a cycle of eight weekly BCG instillations. Four weeks after the last BCG instillation, urinary cytological analysis and cystoscopy with targeted biopsy in addition to eight–nine selected‐site biopsies were performed.Results:  Biopsy‐proven cancer was found in 11/27 (40.7%), 5/42 (11.9%), and 11/58 (19.0%) of positive, suspicious, and negative cytology cases, respectively. Abnormal and normal cystoscopic findings correlated with a biopsy‐proven cancer in 13/53 (24.5%) and 14/74 (18.9%) cases, respectively. The combination of a macroscopic cystoscopic suspicion and a positive cytology missed malignant cases in 15.9% of the cases. In 100 cases without biopsy‐proven cancer, the rates of denuded urothelium at biopsy in the cases with positive and non‐positive cytology were 7/16 (43.8%) and 16/84 (19.0%), respectivelyConclusions:  According to our study, routine biopsy is recommended in the evaluation of BCG treatment, even if the timing, limitations and disadvantages of the procedure should be taken into account.
Clinical effectiveness of a brief educational intervention in Type 1 diabetes: results from the BITES (Brief Intervention in Type 1 diabetes, Education for Self‐efficacy) trial
Authors: George J. T. , Valdovinos A. P. , Russell I. , Dromgoole P. , Lomax S. , Torgerson D. J. , Wells T. , Thow J. C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAims  Intensive 5‐day educational interventions for people with Type 1 diabetes have shown improved outcomes in a number of European studies. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of a brief (2.5 days) psycho‐educational intervention.Methods  Our randomized trial in a secondary‐care setting had 54 and 60 participants allocated to intervention and control groups, respectively. Primary outcomes were HbA1c and severe hypoglycaemia. Secondary outcomes were blood pressure, weight, height, lipids and psychometric profile.Results  HbA1c showed no statistically significant change at 3 months [difference = 0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.23, 0.26, P = 0.92], 6 months (difference = –0.06, 95% CI –0.32, 0.20, P = 0.67) and 12 months (difference = 0.01, 95% CI –0.30, 0.32, P = 0.94). Incidence of severe hypoglycaemia (per patient per year) in the intervention group (0.41) and control group (0.48) was not statistically different. Treatment satisfaction improved at 3 months (difference = 9.4, 95% CI 5.2, 13.6, P = 0.0005), 6 months (difference = 10.4, 95% CI 6.0, 14.8, P = 0.0005) and 12 months (difference = 7.1, 95% CI 2.1, 12.1, P = 0.006). The ‘Managing psychological aspects’ and ‘Setting and achieving goals’ dimensions of the Diabetes Empowerment Scale also showed significant improvement at 3, 6 and 12 months. Diabetes Knowledge Test, Illness Perception Questionnaire, Hypoglycaemia Fear Scale and Short Form 36 showed no significant change.Conclusions  This brief intervention had no significant impact on HbA1c or severe hypoglycaemia, but improved diabetes treatment satisfaction and patient empowerment. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN75807800.
Heterotrophy in Tropical Scleractinian Corals
Authors: Houlbrèque Fanny , Ferrier‐Pagès Christine 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe dual character of corals, that they are both auto‐ and heterotrophs, was recognized early in the twentieth Century. It is generally accepted that the symbiotic association between corals and their endosymbiotic algae (called zooxanthellae) is fundamental to the development of coral reefs in oligotrophic tropical oceans because zooxanthellae transfer the major part of their photosynthates to the coral host (autotrophic nutrition). However, numerous studies have confirmed that many species of corals are also active heterotrophs, ingesting organisms ranging from bacteria to mesozooplankton. Heterotrophy accounts for between 0 and 66% of the fixed carbon incorporated into coral skeletons and can meet from 15 to 35% of daily metabolic requirements in healthy corals and up to 100% in bleached corals. Apart from this carbon input, feeding is likely to be important to most scleractinian corals, since nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients that cannot be supplied from photosynthesis by the coral’s symbiotic algae must come from zooplankton capture, particulate matter or dissolved compounds. A recent study showed that during bleaching events some coral species, by increasing their feeding rates, are able to maintain and restore energy reserves.This review assesses the importance and effects of heterotrophy in tropical scleractinian corals. We first provide background information on the different food sources (from dissolved organic matter to meso‐ and macrozooplankton). We then consider the nutritional inputs of feeding. Finally, we review feeding effects on the different physiological parameters of corals (tissue composition, photosynthesis and skeletal growth).
Human bocavirus infection in hospitalized children in Italy
Authors: Pierangeli Alessandra , Scagnolari Carolina , Trombetti Simona , Grossi Rosanna , Battaglia Massimo , Moretti Corrado , Midulla Fabio , Antonelli Guido 
Published: November 2008

Background  Human bocavirus (HBoV) was first discovered in Sweden in 2005 and has now been found worldwide; however its role in clinically relevant diseases has not yet been clearly defined.Objectives  To gain new insight into HBoV infection among children hospitalized with acute respiratory infections in Rome.Methods  Between November 2004 and May 2007, 415 nasal washings were tested for the presence of an extensive range of respiratory viruses using molecular methods.Results  Viral pathogens were detected in 214 children (51·6%), 28·9% being respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and 9·6% being rhinovirus positive. Of the 34 children (8·2%) who tested positive for HBoV, 21 (61·8%) were co‐infected with another respiratory virus, mainly RSV. Human bocavirus was the only pathogen identified in four pneumonia and six bronchiolitis cases in March 2005 and January 2007, respectively. Human bocavirus was also detected in one child hospitalized with gastroenteritis and in another with erythema.Conclusions  In the examined population, HBoV was the third most common virus detected but with a high rate of co‐infection with other respiratory viruses. Human bocavirus appeared to be the etiological agent in some pneumonia and bronchiolitis cases in which tests for all likely respiratory pathogens were negative.
Toxicity in Doberman Pinchers with Ventricular Arrhythmias Treated with Amiodarone (1996–2005)
Authors: Kraus M.S. , Thomason J.D. , Fallaw T.L. , Calvert C.A. 
Published: November 2008

Background:Asymptomatic Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) often die suddenly owing to ventricular tachycardia that degenerates into ventricular fibrillation. A safe and effective antiarrhythmic drug treatment is needed. This will require a large, well‐controlled, prospective study.Hypothesis:Amiodarone toxicity is common in Dobermans with occult DCM and ventricular tachyarrhythmias refractory to antiarrhythmia therapy. Infrequent monitoring of hepatic function is inadequate. Frequent monitoring may be useful to determine dogs in which the dosage should be decreased or the drug withdrawn.Methods:Medical records from the University of Georgia and Cornell University were searched for Doberman Pinschers diagnosed with preclinical DCM that received amiodarone for severe ventricular arrhythmias refractory to other antiarrhythmic agents. Echocardiographic data, Holter recording data, hepatic enzyme serum activity, and serum amiodarone concentrations were recorded. The presence of clinical signs of toxicity was recorded. Serum amiodarone concentrations were obtained in some dogs.Results:Reversible toxicity was identified in 10 of 22 (45%) dogs.Conclusion and Clinical Importance:Adverse effects from amiodarone were common and were, in part, dosage related. Patients should be monitored for signs of toxicity and liver enzyme activity should be measured at least monthly.
Genomics-Based Molecular Epidemiology of
Campylobacter jejuni
Isolates from Feedlot Cattle and from People in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Hannon Sherry J. , Taboada Eduardo N. , Russell Margaret L. , Allan Brenda , Waldner Cheryl , Wilson Heather L. , Potter Andrew , Babiuk Lorne , Townsend Hugh G. G. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT

Feedlot cattle in Alberta, Canada, have been identified as reservoirs for
Campylobacter jejuni
, an important human pathogen. Oligonucleotide DNA microarrays were used as a platform to compare
C. jejuni
isolates from feedlot cattle and human clinical cases from Alberta. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis was performed on 87 isolates (46 bovine, 41 human) obtained within the same geographical regions and time frame. Thirteen CGH clusters were obtained based on overall comparative genomic profile similarity. Nine CGH clusters contained human and cattle isolates, three contained only human isolates, and one contained only cattle isolates. The study isolates clustered regardless of temporal or geographical frameworks. In addition, array genes (
n
= 1,399) were investigated on a gene-by-gene basis to see if any were unequally distributed between human and cattle sources or between clusters dominated by either human or cattle isolates (“human enriched” versus “cattle enriched”). Using Fisher's exact test with the Westfall and Young correction for these comparisons, a small number of differentially distributed genes were identified. Our findings suggest that feedlot cattle and human
C. jejuni
strains are very similar and may be endemic within Alberta. Further, the common distribution of human clinical and bovine
C. jejuni
isolates within the same genetically based clusters suggests that dynamic and important transmission routes between cattle and human populations may exist.
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Spike of Primary Viruses Can Suppress Antibody Access to Variable Regions
Authors: Pantophlet Ralph , Wang Meng , Aguilar-Sino Rowena O. , Burton Dennis R. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope spike is a heavily glycosylated trimeric structure in which protein surfaces conserved between different HIV-1 isolates are particularly well hidden from antibody recognition. However, even variable regions on the spike tend to be less antigenic and immunogenic than one might have anticipated for external structures. Here we show that the envelope spike of primary viruses has an ability to restrict antibody recognition of variable regions. We show that access to an artificial epitope, introduced at multiple positions across the spike, is frequently limited, even though the epitope has been inserted at surface-exposed regions on the spike. Based on the data, we posit that restricted antibody access may be the result, at least in part, of a rigidification of the epitope sequence in the context of the spike and/or a highly effective flexible arrangement of the glycan shield on primary viruses. Evolution of the HIV envelope structure to incorporate extra polypeptide sequences into nominally accessible regions with limited antibody recognition may contribute to reducing the magnitude of antibody responses during infection and allow the virus to replicate unhindered by antibody pressure for longer periods.
Sexual health services for young people in a rural area of Northern Ireland: A study of the key issues for those who provide them
Authors: McCann Lyndsey , Donnelly Lyn , Quinn Phelim , McAnerney Rosemary 
Published: November 2008

Objective To identify the key issues for service providers in delivering high quality sexual health services, responsive to the needs of young people, in a rural area of Northern Ireland. Design A triangulation survey approach using questionnaires, in-depth interviews and focus groups was undertaken with a range of organizations and professionals currently providing sexual health services within the area. Setting The southern area of Northern Ireland, which is rural in nature and has a higher percentage of young people under 20 years old compared to the rest of the region and a rising rate of sexually transmitted infections. Method 48 organizations known or perceived to provide sexual health services to young people in the area were surveyed. In-depth interviews were held with 22 key informants who worked within social services and the youth sector, and four focus groups were held with nursing professionals who directly supported young people in relation to their sexual health. Results The results highlighted specific training and development needs at a range of levels. These included basic sexual health skills training which was identified as a need for a wide variety of staff across all sectors. In addition, specific/specialist training in sexual health was identified as a need for key professionals who work with vulnerable groups of young people.
Impact of an extra-curricular school sport programme on determinants of objectively measured physical activity among adolescents
Authors: Lubans David , Morgan Philip 
Published: November 2008

Objective The purpose of this study was to identify potential determinants of objectively measured physical activity in the Learning to Enjoy Activity with Friends (LEAF) study. Design This study involved a quasi-experimental design and students ( N = 116) were assigned to an intervention group ( n = 50) or a comparison group ( n = 66) for a period of eight weeks. Setting Three secondary schools (grades 7—12) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia were involved in the study. Method At baseline and immediately following the intervention, students wore pedometers for four consecutive days and completed questionnaires assessing potential determinants of physical activity. At baseline, participants were classified using existing step recommendations, as low-active (girls < 11,000, boys < 13,000) or active (girls ≥ 11,000, boys ≥ 13,000) and the effects of the intervention on potential determinants were assessed using these subgroups. Subgroups were compared at baseline using independent samples t-tests and intervention effects were compared at post-test using linear regression (controlling for baseline measures). Results Although the intervention had a statistically significant effect on physical activity among individuals classified as low-active at baseline, the intervention did not impact upon potential determinants of physical activity. Conclusion Short-term changes in physical activity identified in the LEAF intervention were not mediated by changes in hypothesized determinants.
The influence of methylmercury on the nitric oxide production of alveolar macrophages
Authors: Kuo TC 
Published: November 2008

Mercury is a global pollutant considered to be a persistent bioaccumulative and toxic chemical. Humans may be exposed to organic forms of mercury by either inhalation, oral, or dermal routes. Methylmercury is more toxic to living organisms than the inorganic forms. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the altered functions of alveolar macrophage including nitric oxide production after methylmercury exposure. Treatment of 7 μM methylmercury for 24 h inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase production of alveolar macrophages. The addition of H-89 (PKA inhibitor) significantly decreased the methylmercury inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-mediated nitric oxide production. We found the cell had a calcium-dependent adenylate cyclase, and MeHg could inhibit the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK). Because methylmercury could increase the intracellular calcium ion concentration, it might activate the adenylate cyclase by increasing [Ca2+]i. Though the interaction of methylmercury with the immune system has been studied by several investigators, the actual mechanisms underlying these interactions are still poorly understood. We discovered that methylmercury could activate protein kinase A, which in turn would inhibit the activation of Raf-1-ERK and so inhibit the release of nitric oxide.
A feasibility study to assess the integration of a pharmacist into neurooncology clinic
Authors: Delaney Louise , Chambers Carole , Roldán Gloria , De Robles Paula , Cairncross Greg , Forsyth Peter , Easaw Jacob 
Published: November 2008

Objective. A multidisciplinary approach is increasingly used in NeuroOncology clinics. Although this model has several advantages, patients report feeling overwhelmed by the complexity of their treatment protocol and staff feel rushed because each provider must evaluate the patient within the limited clinic hours. We hypothesized that the presence of a pharmacist in clinic could address these concerns by (1) reviewing all treatment protocols and side-effect management with patients, (2) being available to address questions outside of clinic and (3) answering staff related medication questions. Methods. The pharmacist met with consenting patients at the initial clinic visit and followed up by telephone two additional times. The pharmacist was available to answer questions outside of clinic hours. Surveys were developed and given to patient and staff to evaluate their experience. Results. Over 4 months, 13 patients were enrolled. The pharmacist interacted with each patient an average of 9 times with 55% of interactions occurring outside scheduled visits and two-thirds of pharmacist interventions directly involving patient care. A total of 85% of patients and staff responded to the evaluation survey and 90% of respondents indicated that the pharmacist should remain part of the NeuroOncology team. Patients reported less stress related to their treatment and clinical staff experienced improved clinical efficiency directly as a result of the presence of the pharmacist. Conclusion. Based on these results, a clinical pharmacist should become a permanent member of the outpatient NeuroOncology clinic. J Oncol Pharm Practice (2009) 15: 79—85.