bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired placental trophoblast lineage differentiation in Alkbh1−/− mice
Authors: Pan Zishu , Sikandar Shaheen , Witherspoon Mavee , Dizon Diana , Nguyen Terrence , Benirschke Kurt , Wiley Christopher , Vrana Paul , Lipkin Steven M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractE. coli AlkB has been intensively studied since 1983, but the in vivo roles of its mammalian homologue Alkbh1 are unknown. We, therefore, created null mice for Alkbh1. Alkbh1 mRNA is expressed at highest levels in the trophoblast lineages of the developing placenta. Alkbh1−/− placentas have decreased expression of differentiated trophoblast markers including Tpbp, Gcm1, and Pl‐1, and increased expression of the trophoblast stem cell marker Eomes. Alkbh1 localizes to nuclear euchromatin, and interacts strongly with Mrj, an essential placental gene that mediates gene repression by recruitment of class II histone deacetylases (HDACs). Competition experiments show Alkbh1 and HDAC4 binding to Mrj are mutually exclusive, which causes decreased HDAC activity and increased target gene expression. Our study demonstrates Alkbh1 performs important functions in placental trophoblast lineage differentiation and participates in mechanisms of transcriptional regulation. Developmental Dynamics 237:316–327, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatial and temporal variations of actual soil water repellency and their influence on surface runoff
Authors: Lemmnitz C. , Kuhnert M. , Bens O. , Güntner A. , Merz B. , Hüttl R. F. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe increase of surface runoff at the plot scale caused by soil water repellency is a generally accepted phenomenon. However, to improve the understanding of the effect of water repellency on runoff at the catchment scale, spatio‐temporal dynamics of water repellency have to be analysed in more detail.The experimental setup of this study allowed the investigation of the relationship between water repellency and runoff generation on Quaternary and Tertiary sandy substrates while ensuring similar conditions in terms of terrain characteristics, meteorological and vegetation‐free conditions on both areas. Measurements of water drop penetration time and contact angle were carried out over a period from September 2003 to December 2005. Spatial variability of actual soil water repellency was related to heterogeneity of substrate and geomorphologic units, variations in time were related with the seasons and their meteorological conditions. To relate variable degrees of actual water repellency to surface runoff generation, both variables were measured in parallel at the plot scale (1 m × 1 m) and at the hillslope scale from September 2004 to December 2005. Soil water repellency of the Tertiary sands showed a temporal variability depending on the season, with the highest degree during summer and autumn. Variation of hydrophobicity between the seasons caused higher runoff coefficients in summer and autumn. Spatial heterogeneity of the soil water repellency revealed lower values in fine‐textured erosion rills and higher values for interrills and top areas. The measured runoff coefficients decreased from the scale of microplots to the hillslope scale due to infiltration in hydrophilic rills on the hillslope.The results suggest that improved hydrological modelling approaches on water‐repellent soils can be based on a geomorphological subdivision of the catchment area and seasonally varying infiltration parameters. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of overland flow and seepage zones associated with the interaction of multiple infiltration devices (cascading infiltration devices)
Authors: Antia David D. J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractInfiltration devices are traditionally evaluated as standalone entities that do not interact with each other. A model is outlined that will allow interactions between proposed infiltration devices to be predicted prior to a development commencing. The model allows prediction of seepage into downslope devices and the assessment of the locations where the combined ground‐water mound will reach the surface and result in overland flow. The volume of overland flow discharged by the seepage zone may exceed the overland and piped flow received by the infiltration devices. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sediment delivery from hillslopes and the Universal Soil Loss Equation: some perceptions and misconceptions
Authors: Kinnell P. I. A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) or the revised USLE (RUSLE) are often used together with sediment delivery ratios in order to predict sediment delivery from hillslopes. In using sediment delivery ratios for this purpose, it is assumed that the sediment delivery ratio for a given hillslope does not vary with the amount of erosion occurring in the upslope area. This assumption is false. There is a perception that hillslope erosion is calculated on the basis that hillslopes are, in effect, simply divided into 22·1 m long segments. This perception fails to recognize the fact the inclusion of the 22·1 m length in the calculation has no physical significance but simply produces a value of 1·0 for the slope length factor when slopes have a length equal to that of the unit plot. There is a perception that the slope length factor is inappropriate because not all the dislodged sediment is discharged. This perception fails to recognize that the USLE and the RUSLE actually predict sediment yield from planar surfaces, not the total amount of soil material dislocated and removed some distance by erosion within an area. The application of the USLE/RUSLE to hillslopes also needs to take into account the fact that runoff may not be generated uniformly over that hillslope. This can be achieved by an equation for the slope length factor that takes account of spatial variations in upslope runoff on soil loss from a segment or grid cell. Several alternatives to the USLE event erosivity index have been proposed in order to predict event erosion better than can be achieved using the EI30 index. Most ignore the consequences of changing the event erosivity index on the values for the soil, crop and soil conservation protection factors because there is a misconception that these factors are independent of one another. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the use of spatial discretization of hydrological processes in conceptual rainfall runoff modelling: a case study for the meso‐scale
Authors: Hellebrand H. , van den Bos R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this study a simple modelling approach was applied to identify the need for spatial complexity in representing hydrological processes and their variability over different scales. A data set of 18 basins was used, ranging between 8 and 4011 km2 in area, located in the Nahe basin (Germany), with daily discharge values for over 30 years. Two different parsimoniously structured models were applied in lumped as well as in spatially distributed according to two distribution classifications: (1) a simple classification based on the lithology expressed in three permeability types and (2) a more complex classification based on seven dominating runoff production processes. The objective of the study was to compare the performances of the models on a local and on a regional scale as well as between the models with a view to identifying the accuracy in capturing the spatial variability of the rainfall‐runoff relationships. It was shown that the presence of a specific basin characteristic or process of the distribution classification was not related with higher model performance; only a larger basin size promoted higher model performance. The results of this study also indicated that the permeability generally contained more useful information on the spatial heterogeneity of the hydrological behaviour of the natural system than did a more detailed classification on dominating runoff generation processes. Although model performance was slightly lower for the model that used permeability as a distribution classification, consistency in its parameter values was found, which was lacking with the more complex distribution classification. The latter distribution classification had a higher flexibility to optimize towards the variability of the runoff, which resulted in higher performance, however, process representation was applied inconsistently. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ILLUDAS and PSRM‐QUAL predictive ability in small urban areas and comparison with other models
Authors: Tsihrintzis Vassilios A. , Sidan Clara B. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe PC versions of the Illinois Urban Drainage Area Simulator ILLUDAS (ILUDRAIN) and the Penn State Runoff Quality Model (PSRM‐QUAL) are used to predict hydrographs from four relatively small urban sites (5·97 to 23·57 ha), each having a distinct land use designation (commercial, high density residential, low density residential, and highway), and all located in south Florida. The description of the sites and observed rainfall and runoff data were available from the US Geological Survey (USGS), and have been used in the past to validate their model (DR3M). The two models were calibrated and verified using measured rainfall–runoff data (72 storm events for calibration and 26 different events for verification) and measured hydrological characteristics of the four sites. The methodology and input parameters are presented. Predicted hydrographs from the two models are plotted against observed ones and show good agreement. Model performance is evaluated using the mean normalized error computation and scattergrams of predicted versus observed data. A comparison is also made with the results, using the same data and drainage areas, of the following three methods/models tested in previous studies: the runoff curve number (SCS) method combined with the Santa Barbara urban hydrograph method (SCS‐SBUH); the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) stormwater management model (SWMM); the USGS Distributed Routing Rainfall–Runoff Model (DR3M). The predictions from all models tested in this study showed good agreement with the observed data, with better predictions generally obtained for the more impervious sites. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of an artificial neural network on forecasting the daily occurrence and annual depth of rainfall at a tropical site
Authors: Kumarasiri Akila D. , Sonnadara Upul J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPerformance of a feed‐forward back‐propagation artificial neural network on forecasting the daily occurrence and annual depth of rainfall at a single meteorological station is presented. Both short‐term and long‐term forecasting was attempted, with ground level data collected by the meteorological station in Colombo, Sri Lanka (79° 52′E, 6° 54′N) during two time periods, 1994–2003 and 1869–2003. Two neural network models were developed; a one‐day‐ahead model for predicting the rainfall occurrence of the next day, which was able to make predictions with a 74·3% accuracy, and one‐year‐ahead model for yearly rainfall depth predictions with an 80·0% accuracy within a ± 5% error bound. Each of these models was extended to make predictions several time steps into the future, where accuracies were found to decrease rapidly with the number of time steps. The success rates and rainfall variability within the north‐east and south‐west monsoon seasons are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adult modelling facilitates young children's generation of novel pretend acts
Authors: Nielsen Mark , Christie Tamara 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe present work investigated the effect of modelling on children's pretend play behaviour. Thirty‐seven children aged between 27 and 41 months were given 4 min of free play with a dollhouse and associated toy props (pre‐modelling phase). Using dolls, an experimenter then acted out a series of vignettes involving object substitutions, imaginary play and attribution of properties. Children were subsequently provided with an additional 4 min free play (post‐modelling phase). Consistent with past research, more pretence was exhibited after modelling than before. Furthermore, in the post‐modelling phase, children were as likely to generate their own novel pretence as they were to copy the actions demonstrated by the experimenter. They also increased the number of novel symbolic acts involving imaginary play from the pre‐ to the post‐modelling phase. This study highlights how young children will not only imitate a model's demonstration of pretend acts but also use this demonstration to catalyze the creation of their own pretence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The quality of caregiving in child care: relations to teacher complexity of thinking and perceived supportiveness of the work environment
Authors: Manlove Elizabeth E. , Vazquez Arcel , Vernon‐Feagans Lynne 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between the complexity of thinking about children by child care teachers and observed teachers' caregiving for infants and toddlers. It was hypothesized that the perceived supportiveness of the work environment would affect this relationship. Fifty‐six child care teachers completed a survey assessing complexity of thinking about children's behaviour as well as a measure of the perceived opportunities for professional development. Teachers' quality of caregiving was assessed using the Caregiver Interaction Scale. Planned contrasts revealed that when professional development opportunities were perceived unfavourably, teachers who were complex in thinking about children's behaviour provided significantly more sensitive care than did teachers who were less complex in their thinking.Findings indicate that the complexity of teachers' thinking about children may be very important in understanding teacher's sensitivity when the quality of the work environment is poor. High‐quality work environments may buffer teachers with less complexity of thinking from being less sensitive with children. Efforts to improve quality of care could focus on individual teachers to improve their complexity of thinking as well as on the work environment to make it more supportive of teachers' professional development. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Young children's psychological explanations and their relationship to perception‐ and intention‐understanding
Authors: Colonnesi Cristina , Koops Willem , Meerum Terwogt Mark 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe present study examined two key aspects of young children's ability to explain human behaviour in a mentalistic way. First, we explored desires that are of a level of difficulty comparable with that of false beliefs. For this purpose, the so‐called ‘alternative desires’ were created. Second, we examined how children's psychological explanations are related to their understanding of perception and intention. A perception‐understanding task, an intention‐understanding task and a psychological‐explanation task were administered to 80 three‐year‐olds. Results offer support for the thesis that the level of difficulty of belief and desire explanations is comparable. Moreover, children's psychological explanations are related to their understanding of perception and intention. The results lend support to the idea that mentalistic explanations are an explicit manifestation of children's level of theory of mind. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and obesity: A pooled analysis from the InterLymph Consortium
Authors: Willett Eleanor V. , Morton Lindsay M. , Hartge Patricia , Becker Nikolaus , Bernstein Leslie , Boffetta Paolo , Bracci Paige , Cerhan James , Chiu Brian C.‐H. , Cocco Pierluigi , Dal Maso Luigino , Davis Scott , De Sanjose Silvia , Smedby Karin Ekstrom , Ennas Maria Grazia , Foretova Lenka , Holly Elizabeth A. , La Vecchia Carlo , Matsuo Keitaro , Maynadie Marc , Melbye Mads , Negri Eva , Nieters Alexandra , Severson Richard , Slager Susan L. , Spinelli John J. , Staines Anthony , Talamini Renato , Vornanen Martine , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Roman Eve ,   for the Interlymph Consortium
Published: December 2007

AbstractNutritional status is known to alter immune function, a suspected risk factor for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). To investigate whether long‐term over, or under, nutrition is associated with NHL, self‐reported anthropometric data on weight and height from over 10,000 cases of NHL and 16,000 controls were pooled across 18 case‐control studies identified through the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium. Study‐specific odds ratios (OR) were estimated using logistic regression and combined usinga random‐effects model. Severe obesity, defined as BMI of 40 kg m−2 or more, was not associated with NHL overall (pooled OR = 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–1.41) or the majority of NHL subtypes. An excess was however observed for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (pooled OR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.24–2.62), although not all study‐specific ORs were raised. Among the overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg m−2) and obese (BMI 30–39.9 kg m−2), associations were elevated in some studies and decreased in others, while no association was observed among the underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg m−2). There was little suggestion of increasing ORs for NHL or its subtypes with every 5 kg m−2 rise in BMI above 18.5 kg m−2. BMI components height and weight were also examined, and the tallest men, but not women, were at marginally increased risk (pooled OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.06–1.34). In summary, whilst we conclude that there is no evidence to support the hypothesis that obesity is a determinant of all types of NHL combined, the association between severe obesity and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma may warrant further investigation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carbon stock assessment and soil carbon management in agricultural land‐uses in Thailand
Authors: Gnanavelrajah N. , Shrestha R. P. , Schmidt‐Vogt D. , Samarakoon L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe organic carbon pool in agricultural land‐uses is capable of enhancing agricultural sustainability and serving as a potential sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide. A study was carried out to estimate and map carbon stock of different agricultural land‐uses in a sub‐watershed of Thailand and to assess the land‐use sustainability with respect to carbon management. A quadrat sampling methodology was adopted to estimate the biomass and its carbon content of 11 different land‐uses in the study area. Existing soil data were used to calculate the soil carbon. GIS was used for integrating biomass carbon, soil carbon and carbon stock mapping. Roth carbon model was used to project the soil carbon of present land‐uses in the coming 10 years and based on which the sustainability of land‐uses was predicted. The total carbon stock of agricultural land‐uses was estimated to be 20·5 Tg, of which 41·49 per cent was biomass carbon and 58·51 per cent was soil carbon. Among the land‐uses, para rubber had the highest average biomass C (136·34 Mg C ha−1) while paddy had the lowest (7·08 Mg C ha−1). About four‐fifths of agricultural land‐uses in the watershed are sustainable in maintaining the desired level of soil carbon in coming 10 years while one‐fifths are unstable. Such information on carbon stock could be valuable to develop viable land‐use options for agricultural sustainability and carbon sequestration. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial variability of total soil carbon and nitrogen stocks for some reclaimed minesoils of southeastern Ohio
Authors: Nyamadzawo G. , Shukla M. K. , Lal R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractReclamation of drastically disturbed minesoils and subsequent planting of trees and/or grasses can result in a rapid build‐up of carbon (C) in the soil. However, the amount of C sequestered in reclaimed minesoils may vary with the amount of time since reclamation. In this study, we assessed total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations for reclaimed minesoils located in northeastern Ohio and characterized by distinct reclamation age chronosequences. Reclaimed minesoils studied were R78G, reclaimed in 1978 and immediately seeded to grass; R82GT, reclaimed in 1982 and immediately seeded to grass and trees were planted 5 years later; and R87G, reclaimed in 1987 and immediately seeded to grass. An unmined site, UMG, was also included as a reference. Our objectives were to evaluate the variability with respect to mean and the spatial variability of pH, bulk density (ρb), TC and TN concentrations, and stocks in each reclaimed minesoil. Thirty soil samples were collected at each of the 0–15, 15–30, and 30–50 cm depth. The coefficient of variation (CV) forρbwas least, <15 per cent at each site and depth. For TN concentration and stock, CV was moderate, 15–35 per cent, in each field except the UMG where it was high, >35 per cent at 0–15, and 15–30 cm depths. For TC concentration and stocks, CV was high, >35 per cent, across all minesoils and generally increased with depth. The C/N ratio followed the same tend as TC and TN stocks and ranged from 40 per cent to 123 per cent across minesoils. Geostatistical analysis also showed an increase in sample variance with increasing amount of time since reclamation for most soil properties under investigation. Sample variance for TC concentration and stocks also increased with depth in reclaimed minesoils. However, no definite relationship emerged between amount of time since reclamation and the spatial dependence of TC and TN concentrations and stocks. Overall this study showed that reclamation of drastically disturbed minesoils increased the soil C concentration and stocks and reclamation by initially seeding to grasses followed by planting trees was the best management option for speedy accretion of soil C and soil quality enhancement. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of development interventions on the use of indigenous range management strategies in the Borana Lowlands in Ethiopia
Authors: Homann S. , Rischkowsky B. , Steinbach J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn the last three decades, the Borana rangelands of Southern Ethiopia have been deteriorating due to unsustainable utilization. This paper analyses the changes in indigenous range management among the Borana pastoralists and the role of development interventions.The fieldwork was carried out during 2000–2002, following a severe drought. Two locations, Dida Hara and Web, that once were part of a large grazing system with seasonally distinct herd movements, experienced differences in development interventions. Indigenous range management strategies and pastoralists' current use of key strategies before and after the last drought were compared based on pastoralists' information about land‐use change collected through participatory appraisals, land‐use mapping, and household surveys. Priorities for future interventions were discussed in multi‐stakeholder workshops.Water development in rainy season grazing areas such as Dida Hara has resulted in year‐round grazing and expansion of permanent encampments. This has affected the traditional dry‐season areas like Web because it interrupted the organization of rangeland management. Herd mobility became less applicable and traditional land‐use classifications have lost their function in range management. The introduction of government‐imposed administration disturbed the indigenous institutional networks and negotiation procedures for controlled herd movements. Aggravated by human population growth, this reinforces a higher and more permanent grazing pressure, leading to the deterioration of rangelands.Despite the disturbance of pastoralists' range management practices considerable technical and management capabilities prevail. Innovative development approaches should integrate indigeneous knowledge‐based (IK) strategies and formal legislation, but this requires strong external support and official recognition from the Ethiopian Government. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.