bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Ph4P)2[Be3(μ‐OH)3(H2O)6]Cl5: Crystal Structure and DFT Calculations
Authors: Puchta Ralph , Neumüller Bernhard , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBis(tetraphenylphosphonium)‐tris(μ‐hydroxo)hexaaquatriberylliumpentachloride, (Ph4P)2[Be3(μ‐OH)3(H2O)6]Cl5 (1), was surprisingly obtained by reaction of (Ph4P)N3·n H2O with BeCl2 in dichloromethane suspension and subsequent crystallization from acetonitrile to give single crystals of composition 1·5.25CH3CN. According to the crystal structure determination space group P$\bar{1}$, Z = 2, lattice dimensions at 100 K: a = 1354.8(2), b = 1708.7(2), c = 1753.2(2) pm, α = 114.28(1)°, β = 94.80(1)°, γ = 104.51(1)°, R1 = 0.0586] the [Be3(μ‐OH)3(H2O)6]3+ cations form six‐mem‐bered Be3O3 rings with boat conformation and distorted tetrahedrally coordinated beryllium atoms with the terminally coordinated H2O molecules. The structure ist characterized by a complicated three dimensional hydrogen‐bridging network including O–H···O, O–H···Cl, and O–H···NCCH3 contacts. DFT calculations result in nearly planar [Be3(OH)3] six‐membered ring conformations.
Participatory Organizational Change in Community‐Based Health and Human Services: From Tokenism to Political Engagement
Authors: Bess Kimberly D. , Prilleltensky Isaac , Perkins Douglas D. , Collins Leslie V. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCommunity psychologists have long worked with community‐based human service organizations to build participatory processes. These efforts largely aim at building participatory practices within the current individual‐wellness paradigm of human services. To address collective wellness, human service organizations need to challenge their current paradigm, attend to the social justice needs of community, and engage community participation in a new way, and in doing so become more openly political. We use qualitative interviews, focus groups, organizational documents, and participant observation to present a comparative case study of two organizations involved in such a process through an action research project aimed at transforming the organizations’ managerial and practice paradigm from one based on first‐order, ameliorative change to one that promotes second‐order, transformative change via strength‐based approaches, primary prevention, empowerment and participation, and focuses on changing community conditions. Four participatory tensions or dialectics are discussed: passive versus active participation, partners versus clients, surplus powerlessness versus collective efficacy, and reflection/learning versus action/doing.
Preoperative pain as a risk factor for chronic post‐surgical pain – Six month follow‐up after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Gerbershagen Hans J. , Özgür Enver , Dagtekin Oguzhan , Straub Karin , Hahn Moritz , Heidenreich Axel , Sabatowski Rainer , Petzke Frank 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground: Chronic post‐surgical pain (CPSP) by definition develops for the first time after surgery and is not related to any preoperative pain. Preoperative pain is assumed to be a major risk factor for CPSP. Prospective studies to endorse this assumption are missing.Methods: In order to assess the incidence and the risk factors for CPSP multidimensional pain and health characteristics and psychological aspects were studied in patients prior to radical prostatectomy. Follow‐up questionnaires were completed three and six months after surgery.Results: CPSP incidences in 84 patients after three and six months were 14.3% and 1.2%. Preoperatively, CPSP patients were assigned to higher pain chronicity stages measured with the Mainz Pain Staging System (MPSS) (p = 0.003) and higher pain severity grades (Chronic Pain Grading Questionnaire) (p = 0.016) than non‐CPSP patients. CPSP patients reported more pain sites (p = 0.001), frequent pain in urological body areas (p = 0.047), previous occurrence of CPSP (p = 0.008), more psychosomatic symptoms (Symptom Check List) (p = 0.031), and worse mental functioning (Short Form‐12) (p = 0.019). Three months after surgery all CPSP patients suffered from moderate to high‐risk chronic pain (MPSS stages II and III) compared to 66.7% at baseline and 82.3% had high disability pain (CPGQ grades III and IV) compared to 41.7% before surgery. CPSP patients scored significantly less favorably in physical and mental health, habitual well‐being, and psychosomatic dysfunction three months after surgery.Conclusions: All patients with CPSP reported on preoperative chronic pain. Patients with preoperative pain, related or not related to the surgical site were significantly at risk to develop CPSP. High preoperative pain chronicity stages and pain severity grades were associated with CPSP. CPSP patients reported poorer mental health related quality of life and more severe psychosomatic dysfunction before and 3 months after surgery.
p-VARIATION OF VECTOR MEASURES WITH RESPECT TO BILINEAR MAPS
Authors: BLASCO O. , CALABUIG J. M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe introduce the spaces Vℬp(X) (respectively 𝒱ℬp(X)) of the vector measures ℱ:Σ→X of bounded (p,ℬ)-variation (respectively of bounded (p,ℬ)-semivariation) with respect to a bounded bilinear map ℬ:X×Y →Z and show that the spaces Lℬp(X) consisting of functions which are p-integrable with respect to ℬ, defined in by Blasco and Calabuig [‘Vector-valued functions integrable with respect to bilinear maps’, Taiwanese Math. J. to appear], are isometrically embedded in Vℬp(X). We characterize 𝒱ℬp(X) in terms of bilinear maps from Lp′×Y into Z and Vℬp(X) as a subspace of operators from Lp′(Z*) into Y*. Also we define the notion of cone absolutely summing bilinear maps in order to describe the (p,ℬ)-variation of a measure in terms of the cone-absolutely summing norm of the corresponding bilinear map from Lp′×Y into Z.
THE SET OF SOLUTIONS OF INTEGRODIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN BANACH SPACES
Authors: AGARWAL RAVI P. , O’REGAN DONAL , SIKORSKA-NOWAK ANETA 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we first prove an existence theorem for the integrodifferential equation(*)wheref,k,xare functions with values in a Banach spaceEand the integral is taken in the sense of Henstock–Kurzweil–Pettis. In the second part of the paper we show that the setSof all solutions of the problem (*) is compact and connected in (C(Id,E),ω), where$I_{d} \subset I_{a} $.
The quest for an absolute chronology in human prehistory: anthropologists, chemists and the fluorine dating method in palaeoanthropology
Authors: GOODRUM MATTHEW R. , OLSON CORA 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBy the early twentieth century there was a growing need within palaeoanthropology and prehistoric archaeology to find a way of dating fossils and artefacts in order to know the age of specific specimens, but more importantly to establish an absolute chronology for human prehistory. The radiocarbon and potassium–argon dating methods revolutionized palaeoanthropology during the last half of the twentieth century. However, prior to the invention of these methods there were attempts to devise chemical means of dating fossil bone. Collaborations between Emile Rivière and Adolphe Carnot in the 1890s led to the development of the fluorine dating method, but it was not until the 1940s that this method was improved and widely implemented by Kenneth Oakley to resolve a number of problems in palaeoanthropology, including the Piltdown Man controversy. The invention of the fluorine dating method marked a significant advance in the quest for absolute dating in palaeoanthropology, but it also highlights interesting problems and issues relating to the ability of palaeoanthropologists and chemists to bring together different skills and bodies of knowledge in order successfully to develop and apply the fluorine dating method.
Validity of resting energy expenditure estimated by an activity monitor compared to indirect calorimetry
Authors: Dellava Jocilyn E. , Hoffman Daniel J. 
Published: January 2009

The use of activity monitors (triaxial accelerometers) to estimate total energy expenditure in kilocalories is dependent on the estimation of resting energy expenditure (REE). However, the REE estimated by activity monitors has not been validated against more precise techniques, such as indirect calorimetry (IC). Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare REE estimated by the Actical activity monitor (ActMon) to that measured by IC and standard prediction equations of REE. Fifty healthy adults between 18 and 43 years of age were measured for weight and percentage of body fat using a digital scale and bioelectrical impedance. The REE estimated by the ActMon was only 129 kJ/d higher, but not statistically different (P>0·05), than the REE measured with IC. Using multiple linear regression, there was a positive relationship for men, but not for women, between fat mass (kg) and percentage of body fat and the difference in REE estimated by the ActMon compared to IC (P < 0·001). Therefore, in the cohort studied, the use of an activity monitor to estimate REE is valid when compared to IC, but not to a standard prediction equation of REE.
Protein level affects the relative lysine requirement of growing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry
Authors: Bodin Noelie , Govaerts Bernadette , Abboudi Tarik , Detavernier Christel , De Saeger Sarah , Larondelle Yvan , Rollin Xavier 
Published: January 2009

The effect of two digestible protein levels (310 and 469 g/kg DM) on the relative lysine (Lys; g Lys/kg DM or g Lys/100 g protein) and the absolute Lys (g Lys intake/kg0·75 per d) requirements was studied in rainbow trout fry using a dose–response trial. At each protein level, sixteen isoenergetic (22–23 MJ digestible energy/kg DM) diets were tested, involving a full range (2–70 g/kg DM) of sixteen Lys levels. Each diet was given to one group of sixty rainbow trout fry (mean initial body weight 0·78 g) reared at 15°C for 31 feeding d. The Lys requirements were estimated based on the relationships between weight, protein, and Lys gains (g/kg0·75 per d) and Lys concentration (g/kg DM or g/100 g protein) or Lys intake (g/kg0·75 per d), using the broken-line model (BLM) and the non-linear four-parameter saturation kinetics model (SKM-4). Both the model and the response criterion chosen markedly impacted the relative Lys requirement. The relative Lys requirement for Lys gain of rainbow trout estimated with the BLM (and SKM-4 at 90 % of the maximum response) increased from 16·8 (19·6) g/kg DM at a low protein level to 23·4 (24·5) g/kg DM at a high protein level. However, the dietary protein content affected neither the absolute Lys requirement nor the relative Lys requirement expressed as g Lys/100 g protein nor the Lys requirement for maintenance (21 mg Lys/kg0·75 per d).
Energy density and 6-year anthropometric changes in a middle-aged adult cohort
Authors: Vergnaud Anne-Claire , Estaquio Carla , Czernichow Sébastien , Péneau Sandrine , Hercberg Serge , Galan Pilar , Bertrais Sandrine 
Published: January 2009

Dietary energy density (ED) may be a good predictor of weight gain because of its association with the regulation of appetite control signals. Among the participants of the ‘SUpplementation en VItamines et Mineraux AntioXydants’ prospective study, 2707 subjects were included in the present study. Changes in weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and waist:hip ratio were calculated using measured data collected in 1995/1996 and 2001/2002. The mean changes in various anthropometric indicators according to baseline body-weight status (BMI < or ≥ 25 kg/m2) and sex-specific tertiles of baseline ED level or 6-year changes in ED were compared by covariance analysis. In overweight subjects, weight gain was positively associated with high dietary ED at baseline (P for trend = 0·03) and with increasing ED during the follow-up (P for trend = 0·0008). Both the WC and HC changes were also positively related to baseline ED and change in ED in overweight subjects. However, the relationships observed for the WC and HC changes were no longer significant after adjustment for weight change. These results support the hypothesis of a deleterious effect of high-energy-dense diets on weight change for overweight subjects. This relationship could be mediated by physical activity level. Further research needs to be performed in other populations to determine whether ED could be effective strategies to prevent weight gain.
Clay ingestion enhances intestinal triacylglycerol hydrolysis and non-esterified fatty acid absorption
Authors: Habold Caroline , Reichardt François , Le Maho Yvon , Angel Fabielle , Liewig Nicole , Lignot Jean-Hervé , Oudart Hugues 
Published: January 2009

Consumption by animals and humans of earthy materials such as clay is often related to gut pathologies. Our aim was to determine the impact of kaolinite ingestion on glucose and NEFA transport through the intestinal mucosa. The expression of hexose transporters (Na/glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1), GLUT2, GLUT5) and of proteins involved in NEFA absorption (fatty acid transporter/cluster of differentiation 36 (FAT/CD36), fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) and liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP)) was measured (1) in rats whose jejunum was perfused with a solution of kaolinite, and (2) in rats who ate spontaneously kaolinite pellets during 7 and 28 d. Also, we determined TAG and glucose absorption in the kaolinite-perfused group, and pancreatic lipase activity, gastric emptying and intestinal transit in rats orally administered with kaolinite. Glucose absorption was not affected by kaolinite perfusion or ingestion. However, kaolinite induced a significant increase in intestinal TAG hydrolysis and NEFA absorption. The cytoplasmic expression of L-FABP and FATP4 also increased due to kaolinite ingestion. NEFA may enter the enterocytesviaendocytosis mainly since expression of NEFA transporters in the brush-border membrane was not affected by kaolinite. After uptake, rapid binding of NEFA by L-FABP and FATP4 could act as an intracellular NEFA buffer to prevent NEFA efflux. Increased TAG hydrolysis and NEFA absorption may be due to the adsorption properties of clay and also because kaolinite ingestion caused a slowing down of gastric emptying and intestinal transit.
Replacing foods high in saturated fat by low-saturated fat alternatives: a computer simulation of the potential effects on reduction of saturated fat consumption
Authors: Schickenberg Bilbo , van Assema Patricia , Brug Johannes , Verkaik-Kloosterman Janneke , Ocké Marga C. , de Vries Nanne K. 
Published: January 2009

This simulation study aimed to assess the change in saturated fat intake achieved by replacing one to three of the products contributing most to individual saturated fat intake by alternative products low in saturated fat. Food consumption data of 750 participants (aged 19–30 years) from a recent Dutch food consumption survey were used. For each participant, the three products (from different product groups) that contributed most to their saturated fat intake were ranked in order of diminishing contribution. These products were sequentially replaced by lower saturated fat alternatives that were available in Dutch supermarkets. Mean percentage energy (en%) from saturated fat and energy intake in kJ per d were calculated before and after each of the three replacements. Dutch cheese, meat (for dinner) and milk were the main contributors to saturated fat intake for most participants. Starting at a mean en% from saturated fat of 12·4, the three replacements together resulted in a mean reduction of 4·9 en% from saturated fat. The percentage of participants meeting the recommendation for saturated fat ( < 10 en%) increased from 23·3 % to 86·0 %. We conclude that the replacement of relatively few important high-saturated fat products by available lower-saturated fat alternatives can significantly reduce saturated fat intake and increase the proportion of individuals complying with recommended intake levels.
The level of sugars and synthesis of trehalose inAscaris suumtissues
Authors: Dmitryjuk M. , Łopieńska-Biernat E. , Farjan M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe activities of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) were observed in muscles, individual parts of the reproductive system and haemolymph ofAscaris suum. The highest activity of TPS was detected in the upper uterus, while the lowest activity of TPS was detected in the ovary and oviduct of the nematode. Relatively high activity was detected in muscles, haemolymph and two remaining parts of the uterus. The TPP activity was the highest in lower length of the uterus, following muscles, ovary, central and upper uterus. The lowest activity of TPP was detected in the haemolymph and oviduct ofA. suum. Besides TPS and TPP, trehalose was also detected in the studied tissues except the cuticle and the intestine. Glucose was present in all organs, but the highest concentration was found in the cuticle and intestine.
Isolated sphenoid fungal sinusitis and vision loss: the case for early intervention
Authors: Hu L , Wang D , Yu H 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective:We report two extremely rare cases of isolated sphenoid ‘fungal ball’ in conjunction with vision loss.Method:Case reports and a literature review concerning diagnosis and management of isolated sphenoid fungal ball in conjunction with vision loss.Results:A mycetoma or fungal ball resulting from isolated sphenoid fungal sinusitis is a rare disease. It is frequently difficult to diagnose, as patients present with nonspecific symptoms such as headache, visual disturbance and cranial nerve palsies. Diagnosis of the disease is typically not made until advanced imaging has been performed. We present two cases of patients with sphenoid sinus fungal ball who developed headaches and vision loss. One patient had symptoms of IIIrd cranial nerve palsy and the other partial visual field impairment. After a timely sphenoidotomy, both patients recovered fully, with resolution of all symptoms.Conclusion:These two cases of sphenoid fungal ball in conjunction with vision loss suggest that the otolaryngologist should keep this disease in mind even when symptoms are nonspecific. Endoscopic surgery can be a safe and viable therapeutic approach for this condition.
Effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in management of sudden hearing loss
Authors: Çekin E , Cincik H , Ulubil S A , Gungor A 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of sudden hearing loss.Study design:Patients with sudden hearing loss were divided into study and control groups. The 36 patients in the study group were treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in addition to standard medical therapy, whereas the 21 patients in the control group were treated with only standard medical therapy.Subjects and methods:Both groups were treated with standard therapy, comprising prednisolone starting at a dose of 1 mg/kg and reducing over three weeks. Patients in the study group received hyperbaric oxygen therapy in addition to standard drug therapy.Results:Success rates were 78.95 per cent in the study group and 71.30 per cent in the control group. However, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).Conclusions:Considering the cost of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and its inconvenience to patients, this treatment should only be considered in patients suffering sudden hearing loss if there are contraindications to standard medical treatment.
Patch testing in allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Keir J , English J , Fergie N 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA deterioration in chronic inflammatory ear disease despite topical medication, or failure of the condition to improve with such treatment, should raise the possibility of allergic contact dermatitis. Allergen testing (patch testing) is the ‘gold standard’ method of identifying an agent causing allergic contact dermatitis.We describe an ENT patch test series applied by our department as a screening device for this condition.
Effect of steady flow and Newton's cooling on the propagation and damping of small-amplitude prominence plasma oscillations
Authors: SINGH K. A. P. , DWIVEDI B. N. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe study the propagation and damping of small-amplitude prominence oscillations invoking steady flow and radiative losses due to Newton's cooling with constant relaxation time. We find that the strength of steady flow has a large influence on the propagation (e.g. period, phase velocity) of wave modes. In the presence of steady flow, the thermal mode is a propagating wave and hence it can be observed in solar prominences. The thermal mode contributes to the non-thermal line broadening in the solar atmosphere. The steady flow does not affect the damping time of the wave modes. The damping of slow and thermal modes is highly dependent on the radiative relaxation time. The thermal perturbation, in the presence of steady flow, is found to be larger in the case of the thermal mode than in the slow and fast modes. The energy flux (~300 W m−2) associated with the thermal mode is sufficient to heat the quiet regions of the Sun. The slow mode contribution to non-thermal broadening has been estimated. The non-thermal broadening is found to be large in the case of the prominence with large characteristic length. The steady flow, in the presence of Newton's cooling, breaks the symmetry between the forward and backward propagating modes. No modes with negative energy have been found. For strong flows (above 10 km s−1), the canonical backward wave propagates in the forward direction, which can play an important role in wave detection and prominence seismology.
Three Ways to Kill Innocent Bystanders: Some Conundrums Concerning the Morality of War
Authors: Mack Eric 
Published: January 2009

1. IntroductionThis essay deals with the hard topic of the permissible killing of the innocent. The relevance of this topic to the morality of war is obvious. For even the most defensive and just wars, i.e., the most defensive and just responses to existing or imminent large-scale aggression, will inflict harm upon – in particular, cause the deaths of – innocent bystanders.1 The most obvious and relevant example is that of innocent Soviet noncombatants who would be killed by even the most precise defensive strike against Soviet strategic weapons or troop formations that is now possible. Should there be no vindication or, at least, no excuse for some killings of such innocent bystanders, morality would dictate that even defensive counterforce measures against largescale attacks should be renounced.