bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE PRESENCE OF IMMUNOREACTIVE GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE‐INHIBITING HORMONE IN NORMAL CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
Authors: KRONHEIM S. , BERELOWITZ M. , PIMSTONE B. L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYImmunoreactive GHRIH is present in normal CSF at a level of 55±28 pg/ml. Immunoreactivity shows mobility identical to synthetic GHRIH standard on sephadex and thin layer chromatography, and can be removed by antibody conjugated to sepharose.
EFFECT OF PSYCHOSOCIAL STIMULI AND LIMBIC LESIONS ON PROLACTIN AT REST AND FOLLOWING STRESS
Authors: BROWN GREGORY M. , SEGGIE JO , FELDMANN JOSEPH 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMany of the factors altering corticosterone in the rat have similar effects on prolactin. Resting prolactin, like corticosterone, is higher in animals housed singly than in those multiply housed. Unlike corticosterone, gentling did not lower prolactin. An exquisite sensitivity to environmental stimuli which results in rapid elevations in prolactin levels has been indentified in the rat which is considerably greater than that for corticosterone. Like corticosterone, the pattern of prolactin stress responses varies according to time of day. This differential sensitivity may well account for the diurnal variation in prolactin reported by some investigators. The limbic system has an important influence on prolactin. Lesions of the septal region do not modify resting levels but alter the pattern of prolactin stress responses in ways which are only partly similar to the effects of such lesions on corticosterone.In rhesus monkeys, individual variation in resting prolactin levels was observed, similar to that seen in the human. Levels are stable over periods of up to 50 days and are characteristic of the individual animal. In response to the stress of electric shock or shaping to a bar press response, prolactin elevation occurs only in animals with high resting levels, suggesting that a common mechanism is responsible for controlling both resting levels and magnitude of stress responses.
INCREASES IN SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF FOLLICLE‐STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) DURING THYROTROPHIN‐RELEASING HORMONE (TRH) INFUSIONS IN NORMAL MEN
Authors: BREMNER W. J. , DE KRETSER D. M. , BURGER H. G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIncreases in serum FSH values to approximately 50% above basal concentrations were found during TRH infusions of 2.0 μg/min into normal men (n= 10). These increases could not be explained by cros‐reactivity of thyrotrophin (TSH) in the FSH assay. No significant change was found in serum concentrations of FSH during saline infusions (n = 4) nor in LH concentrations during either TRH or saline infusions. Many previous studies using single injections of TRH have failed to demonstrate changes in serum FSH concentrations. It is possible that prolonged infusions of TRH, as used in this study, are more likely to lead to non‐specificity of the effects of this tripeptide on pituitary hormone secretion.
STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF BROMOCRIPTINE ON SEXUAL IMPOTENCE
Authors: AMBROSI B. , BARA ROSSELLA , TRAVAGLINI P. , WEBER GIOVANNA , PECCOZ P. BECK , RONDENA M. , ELLI R. , FAGLIA G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSerum testosterone, prolactin, LH, FSH and plasma 17β‐oestradiol levels were determined in forty‐seven male patients with sexual impotence. Low testosterone values and slightly elevated prolactin levels were observed in 19% and in 17% of cases, respectively. Since sexual function in the male seems to be controlled by both dopaminergic stimulatory and serotoninergic inhibitory mechanisms, bromocriptine was given orally to seventeen patients. As the preliminary results appeared encouraging, a double blind study was undertaken in the other thirty patients. No appreciable difference in hormonal pattern was noticed between bromocriptine and placebo treatment. As far as sexual function was concerned, good results were obtained in 52% of cases treated with bromocriptine and in 44% of patients given placebo.
POSITIVE FEEDBACK OF OESTROGEN ON LH SECRETION IN WOMEN ON NEUROLEPTIC DRUGS
Authors: WEISS GERSON , SCHMIDT CECELIA , KLEINBERG D. L. , GANGULY MANIK 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of a‐adrenergic and dopaminersc blockade on the ability of pituitary‐hypothalamic axis to produce an LH surge in response to oestrogen, was studied in eleven women treated with the neuroleptic agents haloperidol, fluphenazine or chlorpromazine. Seven women on no medication were controls. 6.6 mg of oestradiol benzoate (OB) was injected i.m. after control serum was obtained and daily serum samples were obtained for four additional days. Sera were assayed for total oestrogens, LH, FSH and prolactin.Six of seven women in the control group and eight of eleven women treated with neuroleptic agents had LH surges to OB challenge. The mean prolactin of the treated women was 33.1 ± 3.6(SEM) ng/ml and the mean prolactin of the controls was 14.9 ± 1.5(SEM) ng/ml, P < 0.005. Elevated levels of circulating prolactin did not prevent an LH surge to OB challenge.These results indicate that even in subjects with catecholamine blockade, an LH surge can be induced. This contrasts to results obtained in rats and suggests that the control mechanism of LH surge production differs in rodents and humans.
PROLACTIN SECRETION IN GIRLS WITH ISOLATED GONADOTROPHIN DEFICIENCY
Authors: PERTZELAN A. , ASSA S. , KERET R. , LARON Z. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPlasma prolactin, basal levels and the response to an i.v. injection of TRH (100 μ/m2) was determined in five girls with isolated gonadotrophin deficiency of hypothalamic origin before and after at least 3 months cyclic replacement therapy with conjugated oestrogens(1.25 rng/day). The basal plasma prolactin levels were similar during both tests, however, during oestrogen therapy the mean peak response to TRH almost doubled and the sum of all the values obtained (basal, +15, +30 and +60 min) was significantly higher. It is of note that even upon prolonged oestrogen deprivation the releasable prolactin response to TRH was adequate.
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE EFFECTS OF lα‐HYDROXYVITAMIN D3 IN PATIENTS TREATED BY LONG‐TERM HAEMODIALYSIS
Authors: ELLIS H. A. , PIERIDES A. M. , FEEST T. G. , WARD M. K. , KERR D. N. S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY(1)The bone histology of 233 non‐dialysed and 276 haemodialysed patients with chronic renal failure is reviewed. In non‐dialysed patients osteitis fibrosa occurred in 83.7% and osteomalacia in 23.6% of patients. Osteomalacia was not found in the absence of osteitis fibrosa. In haemodialysed patients there was a more variable bone histology, sometimes resembling non‐dialysed bone disease, but in general with a greater incidence of osteomalacia, especially with increasing time on dialysis. In some patients there was a predominance of osteomalacia accompanied by no or only mild osteitis fibrosa and the serum alkaline phosphatase was normal. (2) The results of treating twenty‐six haemodialysed patients with lα‐hydroxy vitamin D3 (lα‐OHD3) are described. Patients with osteomalacia and minimal or no osteitis fibrosa and a normal serum alkaline phosphatase (Group I) in general failed to respond and it is suggested that 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 deficiency is not the sole factor responsible for the osteomalacia in these patients. In contrast, lα‐OHD3 therapy was effective in improving osteitis fibrosa and osteomalacia in some patients with moderate to severe degrees of osteitis fibrosa and osteomalacia (Group IIa) and in improving osteitis fibrosa where this occurred alone (Group IIb).
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
Authors: PAPAPOULOS S. E. , BROWNJOHN A. M. , JUNOR B. J. R. , MARSH F. P. , GOODWIN F. J. , HATELY W. , LEWIN I. G. , TOMLINSON S. , HENDY G. N. , O'RIORDAN J. L. H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe high circulating concentrations of immunoassayable parathyroid hormone observed in chronic renal failure are due to a number of factors. These include altered metabolism of the hormone and also end‐organ unresponsiveness which may, indirectly, cause increased secretion of parathyroid hormone. The response of the overactive parathyroid glands to changes in plasma calcium and magnesium is variable and caution is needed in evaluating the suppressibility of parathyroid hormone secretion in acute studies. lα‐Hydroxylated derivatives of vitamin D can effectively suppress parathyroid gland overactivity. This effect may not necessarily be mediated through hypercalcaemia and vitamin D metabolites may act directly on the parathyroid glands.
BONE DISEASE AND H YPERP AR ATH YROI DISM IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE: THE EFFECT OF lα‐HYDROXYVITAMIN D3
Authors: PEACOCK M. , AARON J. E. , WALKER G. S. , DAVISON A. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPlasma biochemistry, iliac crest bone biopsy and calcium and phosphate absorption were performed in ninety patients with chronic renal failure, forty‐one of whom were on maintenance haemodialysis. The studies were repeated in a number of these patients after at least 6 months treatment with 1α‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (lα‐OHD3).Before lα‐OHD3 treatment all patients had some abnormality in bone histology; there was an increase in the osteoid volume, the osteoid and resorbing surfaces and a decrease in the calcification fronts. There was no differences between those on and those not on haemodialysis, although the amount of osteoid increased with the length of dialysis. Plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) was increased in all patients in the presence of hypo‐normo‐ or hypercalcaemia, but the plasma calcium was higher in the haemodialysed patients. Malabsorption of calcium and phosphorus was present but it was significantly worse in the non‐dialysed patients. Hyperphosphataemia was more marked in the non‐dialysed patients and plasma alkaline phosphatase was raised in a number of patients. Plasma PTH correlated positively with plasma alkaline phosphatase and plasma calcium but was unrelated to any of the bone histology parameters.Treatment with lα‐OHD3 corrected the malabsorption of calcium and phosphorus and cured the proximal myopathy. There was a rise in plasma calcium and phosphate, but the rise in phosphate could be prevented with aluminium hydroxide in most patients. Only in 56% of patients was a rise in plasma calcium associated with a suppression of PTH, which did not fall into the normal range. In twenty‐six patients repeat biopsies on lα‐OHD3 showed improvement in histology.It is concluded that lα‐OHD3 corrects the malabsorption and improves the bone histology and the myopathy of renal failure. Tertiary or autonomous hyperparathyroidism occurred in 44% of patients.
THE EFFECT OF lα‐HYDROXYVITAMIN D3 IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE, WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON THE RENAL HANDLING OF PHOSPHATE
Authors: MADSEN SØREN , ØLGAARD KLAUS 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe present study was undertaken to elucidate the clinical, skeletal, intestinal and especially the renal effect of lα‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (lα‐OHD3), a synthetic vitamin D analogue. Seventeen patients in the uraemic state were investigated before and after long‐term treatment (mean 12.6 months) with lα‐OHD3. Serum total calcium, serum ionized calcium (Ca2+), phosphorus, alkaline phosphatases, magnesium, parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 241Am‐photonabsorptiometry, 99mtechnetium‐polyphosphate scintigraphy, intestinal 47Calciurn‐absorption and X‐ray survey of the skeleton were measured. In the uraemic patients (dialysed as well as non‐dialysed), a total or partial normalization of the bone‐related parameters was found, including relief of bone pain.In order to evaluate the effect of lα‐OHD3 on the renal handling of phosphate, ten non‐parathyroidectomized (non‐PTX) and five totally parathyroidectornized (PTX) patients were studied. Both groups were investigated before and after administration of lα‐OHD3. The PTX patients were vitamin D depleted and hypocal‐caemic before the study. During P‐infusion, the maximal tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TmP), [51Cr]‐EDTA clearance (GFR), parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and Ca2+ were measured. The TmP/GFR‐ratio was used as an index of the renal handling of phosphate. It was demonstrated (1)that lα‐OHD3 exhibits no antiphos‐phaturic effect in man in the absence of PTH, and (2) that the lα‐OHD3 induced changes in the renal handhg of phosphate are mediated by suppression of iPTH.
PHOSPHATE AND lα‐HYDROXYVITAMIN D3 THERAPY IN HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: DAVISON A. M. , PEACOCK M. , WALKER G. S. , MARSHALL D. H. , Mclaughlin M. S. F. , ROBINSON P. J. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThirty‐nine adult patients on maintenance haemodialysis were treated with lα‐hydroxyvitamin D3 for 8 months. Twenty patients (Group I) were treated without concurrent aluminium hydroxide therapy, and nineteen patients (Group II) were given aluminium hydroxide to achieve a pre‐dialysis plasma phosphate of 1.60mmol/l or less.There was malabsorption of calcium and phosphorus in both groups. The radio‐calcium absorption in Group II did not increase after reduction of plasma phosphate with aluminium hydroxide. In Group I higher doses of lα‐hydroxyvitamin D3 were required as compared to Group II to increase calcium absorption to normal without causing hypercalcaemia above 3 mmol/l.The plasma calcium increased from a mean value of 2.65 mmol/l to 2.90 mmol/l after lα‐hydroxyvitamin D3 therapy in Group I, while in Group II it rose from 2.66 mmol/l to 2.69 mmol/l after phosphate reduction and then to 2.87 mmol/l on lα‐hydroxyvitamin D3. The plasma calcium in Group I and II was not significantly different after 8 months therapy. The plasma phosphate in Group II showed no significant change during the 8 months.There was considerable increase in corneal calcification, pruritus and soft tissue calcification in Group I on lα‐hydroxyvitamin D3 whde in Group II there was little increase. The difference in these parameters of metastatic calcification was attributed to the higher plasma phosphate in Group I.Resolution of sub‐periosteal erosions occurred in seven of eleven patients in Group I and only four of nine in Group II. Periosteal new bone formation developed in six patients in Group I and none in Group II.
TREATMENT OF SENILE OSTEOPOROSIS WITH 1α‐HYDROXYVITAMIN D3
Authors: SØRENSEN O. H. , ANDERSEN R. B. , CHRISTENSEN M. S. , FRIIS T. , HJORTH L. , JØRGENSEN F. S. , LUND B. , MELSEN F. , MOSEKILDE L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAbout 30% of patients with clinical osteoporosis had histological signs of osteo‐malacia, in spite of normal serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (25‐OHD3). The excess osteoid disappeared during treatment with lα‐hydroxyvitamin D, (1α‐OHD3). These patients might have reduced ability to convert 25‐OHD3 to 1,25‐dihydroxy‐vitamin D3 (1,25–(0H)2D3). The intestinal calcium absorption increased during treatment with lα‐OHD3, but this was accompanied by a rise in urinary calcium excretion. Photon absorptiometry of the forearm indicated increased bone mineral content during treatment with a daily dose of 2 μg lα‐OHD3 and a supplement of 1 g of calcium. This therapeutic combination, however, caused frequent episodes of hypercalcaemia, so further studies are necessary to evaluate an appropriate dose of lα‐OHD3 with or without a calcium supplement.
TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH SENILE, POST‐MENOPAUSAL AND CORTICOSTEROID‐INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS WITH lα‐HYDROXYVITAMIN D3 AND CALCIUM: SHORT‐ AND LONG‐TERM EFFECTS
Authors: LINDHOLM T. S. , SEVASTIKOGLOU J. A. , LINDGREN U. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe immediate effect of lα‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (1α‐OHD3) and calcium on blood and urine chemistry and intestinal calcium absorption rate was studied in seventeen patients, six with sede, five with post‐menopausal, and six with corticosteroid‐induced osteoporosis. In all groups, there was a significant increase in calcium absorption rate and uripary calcium excretion. In patients with post‐menopausal and corticosteroid‐induced osteoporosis, the serum calcium level was significantly increased even further. In patients with corticosteroid‐induced osteoporosis, the excretion of urinary phosphate increased significantly. In the other groups, it also increased, although non‐significantly.The effect of long‐term treatment with 1α‐OHD3 and calcium supplements was followed in five patients with senile and five with post‐menopausal osteoporosis. Six patients were fully relieved from lumbar pain, and, in nine, physical activity was greatly improved. Despite the treatment, compression of lumbar vertebrae increased in three patients. In both groups, urinary calcium excretion increased significantly. Six patients had occasional hypercalcaemia, although their serum calcium and phosphate were generally normal. The uripary phosphate excretion decreased, although non‐significantly. The bone mineral content rose in five patients and decreased in another five, although non‐significantly. The trabecular bone area determined by repeated bone biopsies in four treated patients significantly increased.
1α‐HYDROXYVITAMIN D3 IN THE LONG‐TERM MANAGEMENT OF H YPOP A R ATH Y ROIDISM AND PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: LEWIN I. G. , PAPAPOULOS S. E. , O'RIORDAN J. L. H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYNormocalcaemia was restored and maintained in eleven hypoparathyroid and two pseudohypoparathyroid patients treated for up to 36 months with 1α‐hydroxy‐vitamin D3. It was found to be a potent compound, maintenance doses rangmg from 4μg weekly to 2μg daily. Supplementary oral calcium was used in acutely and profoundly hypocalcaemic patients but was given to only two patients as part of long‐term therapy. Hypercalcaemic episodes occurring during treatment were of short duration and could be controlled by withdrawal of medication alone.
LONG‐TERM THERAPY WITH 1 α‐HYDROXYVITAMIN D3 IN CHILDREN WITH‘PSEUDO‐DEFICIENCY’RICKETS
Authors: BALSAN S. , GARABEDIAN M. , COURTECUISSE V. , GUERIS J. , DOMMERGUES J. P. , CREIGNOU L. , LE DENUFF M. J. , RIVRON J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThis investigation confirms that lα‐hydroxywtamin D3 (lα‐OHD3) is a potent drug for the treatment of patients with pseudo‐deficiency rickets (Balsan et al., 1975a; Reade et al., 1975; Prader et al., 1976). lα‐OHD3 corrects their intestinal malabsorption of calcium and phosphorus, normalizes their serum calcium and phosphate concentrations and promotes healing of skeletal lesions. This study also shows differences in the needs for la–OHD3 of children with PDR. Three factors appear to be of importance: familial sensitivity, severity of chronic secondary hyperparathyroidism, and periods of increased growth velocity. Tolerance to long–term 1a–OHD3 therapy, at doses varying from 0.5 to 1 pgjd is excellent. Surveillance of patients should include regular measurements of 24 h urinary excretion of calcium, since hypercalciuria is the first signal of overdosage.
SERUM LIPIDS IN TREATED DIABETIC CHILDREN AND THEIR FAMILIES
Authors: MANN J. I. , HUGHSON W. G. , HOLMAN R. R. , HONOUR A. J. , THOROGOOD M. , SMITH A. , BAUM J. D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFasting lipid concentrations have been measured in fifty treated juvenile diabetics, their siblings and parents to determine which types of hyperlipoproteinaemia co‐exist with juvenile diabetes and whether the abnormalities relate to diabetic control, or represent familial disorders. Lipid concentrations amongst the parents did not differ from adult controls. Triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in those diabetic children with fasting blood glucose concentrations >10 mmol/l than those with concentrations <10 mmol/l. The latter group had similar trigly‐ceride levels to non‐diabetic siblings. Cholesterol concentrations were not related to fasting blood glucose and were similar in diabetic and sibling controls. Hyperlipoproteinaemia (types IIa, IIb and IV) was present in ten of the diabetic patients. Six of the nine diabetic patients with raised cholesterol had at least one parent with cholesterol in the highest quintile for the control population, whereas only six of the forty‐one with lower levels had parents in this category. A similar trend for cholesterol was apparent amongst the non‐diabetic siblings. However, no association was apparent between the triglyceride levels of diabetics (or their siblings) and parents. Thus although hyperlipidaemia associated with juvenile diabetes appears to be largely due to inadequate control, raised cholesterol concentrations frequently occur.
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES IN DISORDERS OF CALCIUM METABOLISM
Authors: NORDIN B. E. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe investigation of a patient with a suspected disorder of calcium metabolism is most rapidly and efficiently performed by observing a standard procedure, the initial stages of which are simple and mandatory, the later stages more complex and determined by the initial results and the depth of investigation required. Needless to say, the investigations are preceded by history taking and routine physical examination.The following account is a summary of available procedures, most of which have been described elsewhere in greater detail (Nordin et al., 1976a).
THE SULPIRIDE TEST IN PANHYPOPITUITARISM
Authors: BATRINOS M. L. , PAVLOU SP. N. , PITOULIS SP. A. , SFIKAKI A. P. , ALEXANDRIDES TH. K. , PIADITIS G. P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe results obtained with a new test of prolactin (PRL) release in six panhypo‐pituitary patients as compared to fourteen normal subjects (eight females and six males) are presented. The test consists of the i.m. administration of 100 mg of sulphide and the measurement of plasma PRL by a double antibody radio‐immunoassay techniques at −15, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 min. Mean baseline PRL values were not significantly different in the three groups. After sulpiride a 800–4200% increment of prolactin over control values was noted in the females and 1200–3500% increment in the males. The peak values were obtained at 15 or 30 min (6030·670 mu/l ± SEM in the females and 5550·870 mu/l in the males). The mean values were not significantly different in the two sexes until the sixtieth minute but were significantly higher (P > 0.05) in the female thereafter. In the hypopituitary patients a complete failure of response was noted. These results show that the sulpiride test possesses a considerable potential as a screening procedure in the diagnosis of pituitary insufficiency.
ASSESSMENT OF PROLACTIN RELEASE IN PITUITARY DWARFISM WITH THE SULPIRIDE TEST
Authors: BATRINOS M. L. , PAVLOU SP. N. , PITOULIS SP. A. , SFIKAKI A. P. , ANOUSAKIS CH. , ALEXANDRIDES TH. K. , PIADITIS G. P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWe report here the results obtained with a new test of prolactin (PRL) release in six normal pre‐pubertal boys, eleven children with short stature of non‐pituitary origin and in thirteen pituitary dwarfs. The test consists of the administration of 100 mg of sulphide i.m. and the measurement of PRL in serum samples up to 120 min after injection. Baseline PRL concentrations were not clearly different in the three groups. After sulpiride a marked increase (3–10 times over control values) in PRL was noted in all normal and short children without pituitary disease. A complete failure of response was observed in ten of the thirteen pituitary dwarfs. It is concluded that sulpiride has considerable potential in the differential diagnosis of children with stunted growth.