bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein phosphatase 2A modulation and connection with miRNAs and natural products
Authors: Chuang Ya‐Ting , Yen Ching‐Yu , Tang Jen‐Yang , Chang Fang‐Rong , Tsai Yi‐Hong , Wu Kuo‐Chuan , Chien Tsu‐Ming , Chang Hsueh‐Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProtein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a heterotrimeric holoenzyme (scaffolding, catalytic, and regulatory subunits), regulates dephosphorylation for more than half of serine/threonine phosphosites and exhibits diverse cellular functions. Although several studies on natural products and miRNAs have emphasized their impacts on PP2A regulation, their connections lack systemic organization. Moreover, only part of the PP2A family has been investigated. This review focuses on the PP2A‐modulating effects of natural products and miRNAs' interactions with potential PP2A targets in cancer and non‐cancer cells. PP2A‐modulating natural products and miRNAs were retrieved through a literature search. Utilizing the miRDB database, potential PP2A targets of these PP2A‐modulating miRNAs for the whole set (17 members) of the PP2A family were retrieved. Finally, PP2A‐modulating natural products and miRNAs were linked via a literature search. This review provides systemic directions for assessing natural products and miRNAs relating to the PP2A‐modulating functions in cancer and disease treatments.
Down‐regulating lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 relieves type II alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis during one‐lung ventilation via modulating miR‐129‐5p/HMGB1 axis induced pulmonary endothelial glycocalyx
Authors: Song Zhenghuan , Wang Zhongqiu , Cai Jiaqin , Zhou Yihu , Jiang Yueyi , Tan Jing , Gu Lianbin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveEndothelial glycocalyx (EG) maintains vascular homeostasis and is destroyed after one‐lung ventilation (OLV)‐induced lung injury. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critically involved in various lung injuries. This study aimed to investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of KCNQ1 overlapping transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) in OLV‐induced lung injury and LPS‐induced type II alveolar epithelial cell (AECII) apoptosis.MethodsThe rat OLV model was established, and the effects of KCNQ1OT1 on OLV‐induced ALI in vivo were explored. Bax and Caspase‐3 expression in rat lung tissues was measured by immunochemistry (IHC). AECIIs were isolated from rat lungs and treated with LPS or normal saline (control) for in vitro analysis. The expression of KCNQ1OT1, miR‐129‐5p, and HMGB1 was measured by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) or Western blot (WB). Cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by 3‐(4,5)‐dimethylthiahiazo (‐z‐y1)‐3,5‐di‐ phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) and flow cytometry. The downstream targets of KCNQ1OT1 were predicted by bioinformatics, and the binding relationship between KCNQ1OT1 and miR‐129‐3p was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assays. The potential target of miR‐129‐5p was further explored on the Targetscan website and revealed to target HMGB1. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or WB was adopted to determine the levels of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, MDA, SOD, heparanase (HPA), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), heparan sulfate (HS) and syndecan‐1 (SDC‐1).ResultsKCNQ1OT1 and HMGB1 were up‐regulated during OLV‐induced lung injury, and their expression was positively correlated. KCNQ1OT1 knockdown reduced OLV‐induced pulmonary edema and lung epithelial cell apoptosis, increased vascular permeability, reduced IL‐1β, TNF‐α, MDA, and SOD levels and glycocalyx markers by targeting miR‐129‐5p or upregulating HMGB1. Overexpressing KCNQ1OT1 promoted cell apoptosis, reduced cell proliferation, aggravated inflammation and oxidative stress, and up‐regulated HMGB1, HPA and MMP9 in LPS‐treated AECIIs, while the HMGB1 silencing showed the opposite effects. MiR‐129‐5p mimics partially eliminated the KCNQ1OT1‐induced effects, while recombinant HMGB1 restored the effects of miR‐129‐5p overexpression on AECIIs. Additionally, KCNQ1OT1 was demonstrated to promote the activation of the p38 MAPK/Akt/ERK signaling pathways in AECIIs via HMGB1.ConclusionKCNQ1OT1 knockdown alleviated AECII apoptosis and EG damage during OLV by targeting miR‐129‐5p/HMGB1 to inactivate the p38 MAPK/Akt/ERK signaling. The findings of our study might deepen our understanding of the molecular basis in OLV‐induced lung injury and provide clues for the targeted disease management.
RSPO2‐associated mitochondrial metabolism defines molecular subtypes with distinct clinical and immune features in esophageal cancer
Authors: Peng Quanzhou , Cao Tianfeng , Yang Xue , Ye Zhujia , Wang Jun , Chen Shang , Yu Yanqi , Yu Yingdian , Xue Wenyuan , Chen Zhiwei , Fan Jianbing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. The identification of novel molecular subtypes and therapeutic targets is crucial for improving clinical outcomes.MethodIn this study, we investigated the role of R‐spondin 2 (RSPO2) in esophageal cancer and its association with mitochondrial metabolism. Using bioinformatics analysis of publicly available datasets, we identified a panel of RSPO2‐related mitochondrial metabolism genes and their expression patterns in esophageal cancer. Based on these genes, we stratified esophageal cancer patients into distinct molecular subtypes with different survival rates, immune cell infiltration profiles, and drug sensitivities.ResultsOur findings suggest that RSPO2‐related mitochondrial metabolism genes may serve as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic markers for esophageal cancer. These genes play an important role in the prognosis, immune cell infiltration and drug sensitivity of esophageal cancer.ConclusionThe identified molecular subtypes provide valuable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of esophageal cancer and could guide personalized treatment strategies in the future.
LncRNA MRAK052509 competitively adsorbs miR‐204‐3p to regulate silica dust‐induced EMT process
Authors: Xuan Liu , Zi‐ming Jiao , Xue‐yan Tian , Wen‐xuan Hu , Fa‐xuan Wang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSilicosis is a systemic disease caused by long‐term inhalation of free SiO2 and retention in the lungs. At present, it is still the most important occupational health hazard disease in the world. Existing studies have shown that non‐coding RNA can also participate in complex fibrosis regulatory networks. However, its role in regulating silicotic fibrosis is still unclear. In this study, we constructed a NR8383/RLE‐6TN co‐culture system to simulate the pathogenesis of silicosis in vitro. Design of miR‐204‐3p mimics and inhibitors to overexpress or downregulate miR‐204‐3p in RLE‐6TN cells. Design of short hairpin RNA (sh‐RNA) to downregulate MRAK052509 in RLE‐6TN cells. The regulatory mechanism of miR‐204‐3p and LncRNA MRAK052509 on EMT process was studied by Quantitative real‐time PCR, Western blotting, Immunofluorescence and Cell scratch test. The results revealed that miR‐204‐3p affects the occurrence of silica dust‐induced cellular EMT process mainly through regulating TGF‐βRΙ, a key molecule of TGF‐β signaling pathway. In contrast, Lnc MRAK052509 promotes the EMT process in epithelial cells by competitively adsorbing miR‐204‐3p and reducing its inhibitory effect on the target gene TGF‐βRΙ, which may influence the development of silicosis fibrosis. This study perfects the targeted regulation relationship between LncRNA MRAK052509, miR‐204‐3p and TGF‐βRΙ, and may provide a new strategy for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of silicosis.
Exploring the impact of ITGB2 on glioma progression and treatment: Insights from non‐apoptotic cell death and immunotherapy
Authors: Zhuang Junhong , Miao Changfeng , Liu Chao , Zeng Biying , Hu Linwang , Peng Jun , Xia Ying , Chen Zigui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the realm of glioma treatment, our groundbreaking research has uncovered the pivotal role of Integrin Beta 2 (ITGB2) in non‐apoptotic cell death and its profound implications for immunotherapy efficacy. Gliomas, known for their aggressive and infiltrative nature, demand innovative therapeutic strategies for improved patient outcomes. Our study bridges a critical gap by examining the interplay between non‐apoptotic cell death and immunotherapy response in gliomas. Through comprehensive analysis of ten diverse glioma datasets, we developed a unique death enrichment score and identified ITGB2 as a significant risk marker. This study demonstrates that ITGB2 can predict immune activity, mutation characteristics, and drug response in glioma patients. We reveal that ITGB2 not only mediates glioma proliferation and migration but also crucially influences immunotherapy responses by modulating the interaction between gliomas and macrophages by single‐cell sequencing analysis (iTalk and ICELLNET). Employing a variety of molecular and cellular methodologies, including in vitro models, our findings highlight ITGB2 as a potent marker in glioma biology, particularly impacting macrophage migration and polarization. We present compelling evidence of ITGB2's dual role in regulating tumor cell behavior and shaping the immune landscape, thereby influencing therapeutic outcomes. The study underlines the potential of ITGB2‐targeted strategies in enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy and opens new avenues for personalized treatment approaches in glioma management. In conclusion, this research marks a significant stride in understanding glioma pathology and therapy, positioning ITGB2 as a key biomarker and a promising target in the quest for effective glioma treatments.
Advancing access to care: An assessment of the prehospital system in Senegal
Authors: Michalski Kamil , Diedhiou Moustapha , Kerachian Matin , Grushka Jeremy , Tendeng Jacques Noel , Diao Mohamed Lamine , Beye Mamadou D. , Montero Ortiz Johana , Razek Tarek , Deckelbaum Dan L. , Konate Ibrahim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundMost low‐ and middle‐income countries do not have a mature prehospital system limiting access to definitive care. This study sought to describe the current state of the prehospital system in Senegal and offer recommendations aimed at improving system capacity and population access to definitive care.MethodsStructured interviews were conducted with key informants in various regions throughout the country using qualitative and quantitative techniques. A standardized questionnaire was generated using needs assessment forms and system frameworks. Descriptive statistics were performed for quantitative data analysis, and qualitative data was consolidated and presented using ATLAS.ti.ResultsTwo (20%) of the studied regions, Dakar and Saint‐Louis, had a mature prehospital system in place, including dispatch centers and teams of trained personnel utilizing equipped ambulances. 80% of the studied regions lacked an established prehospital system. The vast majority of the population relied on the fire department for transport to a healthcare facility. The ambulances in rural regions were not part of a formal prehospital system, were not equipped with life‐support supplies, and were limited to inter‐facility transfers.ConclusionsWhile Dakar and Saint‐Louis have mature prehospital systems, the rest of the country is served by the fire department. There are significant opportunities to further strengthen the prehospital system in rural Senegal by training the fire department in basic life support and first aid, maintaining cost efficiency, and building on existing national resources. This has the potential to significantly improve access to definitive care and outcomes of emergent illness in the Senegalese community.
Contemporary trends in choledochal cyst excision: An analysis of the pediatric national surgical quality improvement program
Authors: Howell Thomas Clark , Beckhorn Catherine B. , Antiel Ryan M. , Fitzgerald Tamara N. , Rice Henry E. , Mavis Alisha , Ravindra Kadiyala , Tracy Elisabeth T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundCholedochal cysts are rare congenital anomalies of the biliary tree that may lead to obstruction, chronic inflammation, infection, and malignancy. There is wide variation in the timing of resection, operative approach, and reconstructive techniques. Outcomes have rarely been compared on a national level.MethodsWe queried the Pediatric National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) to identify patients who underwent choledochal cyst excision from 2015 to 2020. Patients were stratified by hepaticoduodenostomy (HD) versus Roux‐en‐Y hepaticojejunostomy (RNYHJ), use of minimally invasive surgery (MIS), and age at surgery. We collected several outcomes, including length of stay (LOS), reoperation, complications, blood transfusions, and readmission rate. We compared outcomes between cohorts using nonparametric tests and multivariate regression.ResultsAltogether, 407 patients met the study criteria, 150 (36.8%) underwent RNYHJ reconstruction, 100 (24.6%) underwent MIS only, and 111 (27.3%) were less than one year old. Patients who underwent open surgery were younger (median age 2.31 vs. 4.25 years, p = 0.002) and more likely underwent RNYHJ reconstruction (42.7% vs. 19%, p = 0.001). On adjusted analysis, the outcomes of LOS, reoperation, transfusion, and complications were similar between the type of reconstruction, operative approach, and age. Patients undergoing RNYHJ had lower rates of readmission than patients undergoing HD (4.0% vs. 10.5%, OR 0.34, CI [0.12, 0.79], p = 0.02).ConclusionsIn children with choledochal cysts, most short‐term outcomes were similar between reconstructive techniques, operative approach, and age at resection, although HD reconstruction was associated with a higher readmission rate in this study. Clinical decision‐making should be driven by long‐term and biliary‐specific outcomes.
Bioconvection heat and mass transfer across a nonlinear stretching sheet with hybrid nanofluids, joule dissipation, and entropy generation
Authors: Tanveer Arooj , Aneja Madhu , Ashraf Muhammad Bilal , Nawaz Rab 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNanofluids plays a crucial role in enhancing heat transfer characteristics of ordinary fluids such as oil, water and many more. Nanoliquids possess numerous applications in heat transport phenomenon in plethora of fields such as micro electronics, biomedicines, engine cooling thermal management, chiller and heat exchangers. Keeping in view of the above mentioned facts, the objective of the current work is to examine the heat and mass transportation characteristics of hybrid nanofluid (Cu‐/water) along with ohmic dissipation (Joule heating) in the presence of gyrotactic mirco‐organisms (flows under the effect of gravity) which causes bioconvection. The entropy produced by the conducting hybrid nanofluid is investigated in the permeable media in the current problem. Through similarity transformations, partial differential equations that represent the issue are transformed into ordinary differential equations. The BVP4C method is used to numerically solve the equations. The impacts of auxiliary variables on velocity, temperature , concentration of hybrid nanoparticles , and density of motile micro‐organisms () are plotted with those of the variation in bioconvection rayleigh number, Schmidt number, and Bioconvection Schmidt number and examined carefully in detail. Velocity of the flow decreases when porosity factor and bioconvection rayleigh number enlarges. Microbial velocity decreases for rising Prandtl number. Entropy generation and Bejan number rises for higher volume fraction values The current investigation also included entropy analysis, which revealed that hybrid nanofluids create less entropy than regular nanofluids. The potential for hybrid nanofluids to be employed in heat transfer applications in a more environmentally responsible and effective way is the relevance of this research. It looks at the interaction between heat transmission through nanofluids and the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms, which may cause bioconvection. Such a multiphysics method is quite new and complex.
Theoretical investigation of MHD peristalsis of non‐Newtonian nanofluid flow under the impacts of temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity: Application to biomedical engineering
Authors: Iqbal Jamshaid , Abbasi Fahad Munir 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNanofluids have the tendency to improve thermal characteristics in a broader context, such as in medical processes, industrial cooling applications, the transportation industry, hybrid engines, gas temperature reduction, microelectromechanical systems, refrigerators, nuclear reactors, vehicle temperature control, pharmaceutical processes, thermal management of vehicles, microelectronics, and chillers, etc. Therefore, present study investigates the effects of a two‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) peristalsis of the Carreau–Yasuda nanofluid through conservation principles of energy, concentration, mass, and momentum, which is motivated by recent advances in biological engineering. The entire system is coupled through viscous dissipation, Joule heating, a heat sink/source, Brownian diffusion, a radially magnetic field, thermophoresis motion, and slip conditions in a curved geometry. Lubrication theory is employed in order to simplify governing equations. Resulting systems are nonlinear coupled differential equations whose exact solutions are difficult to obtain, therefore, numerical solutions are obtained through NDSolve in Mathematica. The key features of peristaltic movement and rates of heat transfer are disseminated in detail via graphical representations for variation of various physical parameters. According to the findings, for greater values of the Hartman number, temperature increases, and the velocity decreases. The validity of these results has been verified using the existing published articles of Hayat et al. (2018).
Double diffusion of rotated z‐shaped and sloshing fins in a nanofluid‐porous cavity
Authors: Alsedias Noura , Aly Abdelraheem M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis work examines the double diffusion of rotated Z‐shaped and sloshing fins inside a nanofluid‐porous cavity. The novelty of this research lies in its utilization of the ISPH method to handle the complex fluid‐structure interactions occurring at double diffusion within the nanofluid‐porous cavity. Two thermal/solutal conditions of the rotated Z shaped entitled C1 (), and C2 () are conducted in this work. The ISPH method solves the nonlinear systems of the fluid‐structure interactions during thermosolutal convection. The impacts of the inclined magnetic field and Soret–Dufour numbers are discussed. The Z shaped rotates circularly around its center and the four fins are sloshing on the boundaries. Natural convection is dominant because the rotation speed is slow, and the buoyancy force is strong. The obtained simulations revealed the changes in the isotherms, isoconcentration, and the nanofluid velocity under the variations of boundary conditions in Z shaped. It is seen that C1 always supports higher velocity, temperature, and concentration as well as mean Nusselt number ‐Sherwood number compared to C2. The Soret number plays a good role in the improvement of double diffusion and nanofluid velocity compared to the Dufour number which has fewer contributions.
Tearing down spacetime with quantum disentanglement
Authors: Emparan Roberto , Magán Javier M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A longstanding enigma within AdS/CFT concerns the entanglement entropy of holographic quantum fields in Rindler space. The vacuum of a quantum field in Minkowski spacetime can be viewed as an entangled thermofield double of two Rindler wedges at a temperature T = 1/2π. We can gradually disentangle the state by lowering this temperature, and the entanglement entropy should vanish in the limit T → 0 to the Boulware vacuum. However, holography yields a non-zero entanglement entropy at arbitrarily low T, since the bridge in the bulk between the two wedges retains a finite width. We show how this is resolved by bulk quantum effects of the same kind that affect the entropy of near-extremal black holes. Specifically, a Weyl transformation maps the holographic Boulware states to near-extremal hyperbolic black holes. A reduction to an effective two-dimensional theory captures the large quantum fluctuations in the geometry of the bridge, which bring down to zero the density of entangled states in the Boulware vacuum. Using another Weyl transformation, we construct unentangled Boulware states in de Sitter space.
Accelerating HEP simulations with Neural Importance Sampling
Authors: Deutschmann Nicolas , Götz Niklas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Many high-energy-physics (HEP) simulations for the LHC rely on Monte Carlo using importance sampling by means of the VEGAS algorithm. However, complex high-precision calculations have become a challenge for the standard toolbox, as this approach suffers from poor performance in complex cases. As a result, there has been keen interest in HEP for modern machine learning to power adaptive sampling. While previous studies have shown the potential of normalizing-flow-powered neural importance sampling (NIS) over VEGAS, there remains a gap in accessible tools tailored for non-experts. In response, we introduce ZüNIS, a fully automated NIS library designed to bridge this divide, while at the same time providing the infrastructure to customise the algorithm for dealing with challenging tasks. After a general introduction on NIS, we first show how to extend the original formulation of NIS to reuse samples over multiple gradient steps while guaranteeing a stable training, yielding a significant improvement for slow functions. Next, we introduce the structure of the library, which can be used by non-experts with minimal effort and is extensivly documented, which is crucial to become a mature tool for the wider HEP public. We present systematic benchmark results on both toy and physics examples, and stress the benefit of providing different survey strategies, which allows higher performance in challenging cases. We show that ZüNIS shows high performance on a range of problems with limited fine-tuning.
Integration-by-parts identities and differential equations for parametrised Feynman integrals
Authors: Artico Daniele , Magnea Lorenzo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Integration-by-parts (IBP) identities and differential equations are the primary modern tools for the evaluation of high-order Feynman integrals. They are commonly derived and implemented in the momentum-space representation. We provide a different viewpoint on these important tools by working in Feynman-parameter space, and using its projective geometry. Our work is based upon little-known results pre-dating the modern era of loop calculations [16–19, 30, 31]: we adapt and generalise these results, deriving a very general expression for sets of IBP identities in parameter space, associated with a generic Feynman diagram, and valid to any loop order, relying on the characterisation of Feynman-parameter integrands as projective forms. We validate our method by deriving and solving systems of differential equations for several simple diagrams at one and two loops, providing a unified perspective on a number of existing results.
Singular limits in STU supergravity
Authors: Larios Gabriel , Pope Christopher N. , Zhang Haoyu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We analyse the STU sectors of the four-dimensional maximal gauged supergravities with gauge groups SO(8), SO(6) ⋉ ℝ12 and [SO(6) × SO(2)] ⋉ ℝ12, and construct new domain-wall black-hole solutions in D = 4. The consistent Kaluza-Klein embedding of these theories is obtained using the techniques of Exceptional Field Theory combined with the 4d tensor hierarchies, and their respective uplifts into D = 11 and type IIB supergravities are connected through singular limits that relate the different gaugings.