bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oligo‐microarray based on oligonucleotide immobilization on glass surface modified with activated acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide copolymer
Authors: Wu Qinghua , Ma Wenli , Zhu Lina , Guo Qiuye , Zhang Bao , Kulageri Shivappa M. , Zheng Wenling 
Published: May 2008

AbstractOligo‐microarray can be fabricated on modified surface of glass slides involving immobilization of oligonucleotides. In this study, glass slides were modified with acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide copolymer and EDC (1‐ethyl‐3(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐carbodiimide)/NHS (N‐hydroxysuccinimide) by covalent linkage method, and covalent immobilization of unmodified oligonucleotide on the glass surface was achieved. The platform with binding of stable and sensitive oligonucleotides was prepared for oligo‐microarray fabrication. An optimum concentration of 0.5 g/L was used for spotting. The lengths of 26 to 70 mer oligonucleotides were immobilized on the surface efficiently. The spots were ∼160 nm in diameter and their mean value of fluorescent intensity was measured in the range of 3.2 × 104 to 7.3 × 104 after hybridization. The modified glass surface was scanned by SEM and the dendritic structure was observed. Results showed that the process of preparation of the modified glass surface was simple and cost effective, and the modified surface can be used for the oligo‐microarray fabrication and also attachment of protein, PNA etc. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Competition of fracture mechanisms in monolithic dental ceramics: Flat model systems
Authors: Zhang Yu , Kim Jae‐Won , Bhowmick Sanjit , Thompson Van P. , Rekow E. Dianne 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMonolithic (single layer) glass‐ceramic restorations often fail from chipping and fracture. Using blunt indentation of a model flat porcelain‐like brittle layer bonded onto a dentin‐like polymer support system, a variety of fatigue fracture modes has been identified and analyzed: outer cone, inner cone, and median cracks developing in the near‐contact region at the occlusal surface; radial cracks developing at the internal cementation surface along the loading axis. Our findings indicate that monolithic glass‐ceramic layers are vulnerable to both occlusal surface damage and cementation internal surface fracture. Clinical issues in the longevity of ceramic restorations are discussed in relation to biting force, physical properties of ceramic crowns and luting cement, and thicknesses of ceramic and cement layers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Boron‐doped diamond: Investigation of the stability of surface‐doping versus bulk‐doping using cyclic cluster model calculations
Authors: Janetzko Florian , Bredow Thomas , Geudtner Gerald , Köster Andreas M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBoron‐doped bulk diamond and the boron‐doped hydrogen terminated (001) surface of diamond were investigated using the cyclic cluster model. Structure and stability of the hydrogen‐terminated (001) surface were calculated and compared with experimental and other theoretical results from the literature. Boron‐doping was modeled by substitution of a carbon atom by a boron atom in different positions with increasing distance from the surface up to boron‐doped bulk diamond. In agreement with experiments on nanoclusters, boron is most stable in the first surface layers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Comparative molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo study of statistical properties for coarse‐grained heteropolymers
Authors: Schluttig Jakob , Bachmann Michael , Janke Wolfhard 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEmploying a simple hydrophobic‐polar heteropolymer model, we compare thermodynamic quantities obtained from Andersen and Nosé‐Hoover molecular dynamics as well as replica‐exchange Monte Carlo methods. We find qualitative correspondence in the results, but serious quantitative differences using the Nosé‐Hoover chain thermostat. For analyzing the deviations, we study different parameterizations of the Nosé‐Hoover chain thermostat. Autocorrelations from molecular dynamics and Metropolis Monte Carlo runs are also investigated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Transition metal dimers as potential molecular magnets: A challenge to computational chemistry
Authors: Fritsch Daniel , Koepernik Klaus , Richter Manuel , Eschrig Helmut 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDimers are the smallest chemical objects that show magnetic anisotropy. We focus on 3d and 4d transition metal dimers that have magnetic ground states in most cases. Some of these magnetic dimers have a considerable barrier against re‐orientation of their magnetization, the so‐called magnetic anisotropy energy, MAE. The height of this barrier is important for technological applications, as it determines, e.g., the stability of information stored in magnetic memory devices. It can be estimated by means of relativistic density functional calculations. Our approach is based on a full‐potential local‐orbital method (FPLO) in a four‐component Dirac‐Kohn‐Sham implementation. Orbital polarization corrections to the local density approximation are employed. They are discussed in the broader context of orbital dependent density functionals. Ground state properties (spin multiplicity, bond length, harmonic vibrational frequency, spin‐ and orbital magnetic moment, and MAE) of the 3d and 4d transition metal dimers are evaluated and compared with available experimental and theoretical data. We find exceptionally high values of MAE, close to 0.2 eV, for four particular dimers: Fe2, Co2, Ni2, and Rh2. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Insights on protein‐DNA recognition by coarse grain modelling
Authors: Poulain P. , Saladin A. , Hartmann B. , Prévost C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCoarse grain modelling of macromolecules is a new approach, potentially well adapted to answer numerous issues, ranging from physics to biology. We propose here an original DNA coarse grain model specifically dedicated to protein‐DNA docking, a crucial, but still largely unresolved, question in molecular biology. Using a representative set of protein‐DNA complexes, we first show that our model is able to predict the interaction surface between the macromolecular partners taken in their bound form. In a second part, the impact of the DNA sequence and electrostatics, together with the DNA and protein conformations on docking is investigated. Our results strongly suggest that the overall DNA structure mainly contributes in discriminating the interaction site on cognate proteins. Direct electrostatic interactions between phosphate groups and amino acid side chains strengthen the binding. Overall, this work demonstrates that coarse grain modeling can reveal itself a precious auxiliary for a general and complete description and understanding of protein‐DNA association mechanisms. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists: Prediction of their binding affinity through a molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area approach
Authors: Grazioso Giovanni , Cavalli Andrea , De Amici Marco , Recanatini Maurizio , De Micheli Carlo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA group of agonists for the α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) was investigated, and their free energies of binding ΔGbindwere calculated by applying the molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM‐PBSA) approach. This method, based on molecular dynamics simulations of fully solvated protein–ligand complexes, allowed us to estimate the contribution of both polar and nonpolar terms as well as the entropy to the overall free energy of binding. The calculated results were in a good agreement with the experimentally determined ΔGbindvalues, thereby pointing to the MM‐PBSA protocol as a valuable computational tool for the rational design of specific agents targeting the neuronal α7 nAChR subtypes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2008
Ca2+mobilization mediated by transient receptor potential canonical 3 is associated with thrombin‐induced morphological changes in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells
Authors: Nakao Kenji , Shirakawa Hisashi , Sugishita Aiko , Matsutani Ikkei , Niidome Tetsuhiro , Nakagawa Takayuki , Kaneko Shuji 
Published: May 2008

AbstractActivated astrocytes show various patterns of Ca2+mobilization under pathological conditions. In the present study we revealed a novel function of astrocytic Ca2+dynamics through investigation of thrombin‐induced unique Ca2+entry. Using 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells, which have been shown to be a good model for detecting morphological dynamics, we observed rapid retraction of bipolar protrusions that were reversibly evoked by 0.03–3 U/mL thrombin. Morphological changes were predominantly dependent on a specific thrombin receptor subtype, proteinase‐activated receptor 1 (PAR‐1). In parallel, Fura‐2 imaging of intracellular Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i) showed that thrombin induced heterogeneous Ca2+responses with asynchronous repetitive peaks. These oscillations were found to be a result of repetitive Ca2+release from intracellular stores, followed by refilling of Ca2+from the extracellular region without a direct [Ca2+]iincrease. Pharmacological manipulation with BAPTA‐AM, cyclopiazonic acid, and 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate indicated that Ca2+mobilization was involved in thrombin‐induced morphological changes. We further addressed the role of Ca2+entry using small interfering RNA (siRNA) for transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3). As a result, both thrombin‐induced morphological changes and oscillatory Ca2+responses were significantly attenuated in siRNA‐transfected cells. Inhibition of TRPC3 with pyrazole‐3 also provided support for the contribution of Ca2+influx. Moreover, TRPC3‐mediated Ca2+dynamics regulated thrombin‐induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2. These results suggest a novel function of astrocytic Ca2+dynamics, including Ca2+entry, in the pathophysiological effects of PAR‐1‐mediated astrocytic activation. TRPC3 forms a functional Ca2+channel and might modulate astrocytic activation in response to brain hemorrhaging. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inflammation in the uterus induces phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and substance P immunoreactivity in dorsal root ganglia neurons innervating both uterus and colon in rats
Authors: Li Jichang , Micevych Paul , McDonald John , Rapkin Andrea , Chaban Victor 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn women, clinical studies suggest that pain syndromes such as irritable bowel syndrome and interstitial cystitis, which are associated with visceral hyperalgesia, are often comorbid with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. One of the possible explanations for this phenomenon is viscerovisceral cross‐sensitization, in which increased nociceptive input from an inflamed pelvic organ sensitizes neurons that receive convergent input to the same dorsal root ganglion (DRG) from an unaffected visceral organ. Nociception induces up‐regulation of cellular mechanisms such as phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (pERK) and substance P (SP), neurotransmitters associated with induced pain sensation. The purpose of this study was to determine, in a rodent model, whether uterine inflammation increased the number of pERK‐ and SP‐positive neurons that received input from both the uterus and the colon. Cell bodies of colonic and uterine DRG were retrogradely labeled with fluorescent tracer dyes microinjected into the colon/rectum and into the uterus. Ganglia were harvested for fluorescent microscopy to identify positively stained neurons. Approximately 6% of neurons were colon specific and 10% uterus specific. Among these uterus‐ or colon‐specific neurons, up to 3–5% of DRG neurons in the lumbosacral neurons (L1–S3 levels) received input from both visceral organs. Uterine inflammation increased the number of pERK‐ and SP‐immunoreactive DRG neurons innervating specifically colon, or innervating specifically uterus, and those innervating both organs. These results suggest that a localized inflammation activates primary visceral afferents, regardless of whether they innervate the affected organ. This visceral sensory integration in the DRG may underlie the observed comorbidity of female pelvic pain syndromes. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Astrocytes affect the profile of purines released from cultured cortical neurons
Authors: Zamzow Christina R. , Xiong Wei , Parkinson Fiona E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAdenosine (ADO) is produced by cultured neurons and astrocytes, albeit by different pathways, during in vitro stroke models (Parkinson and Xiong [2004] J. Neurochem. 88:1305–1312). Expression of ecto‐5′ nucleotidase (e‐N), the enzyme responsible for extracellular dephosphorylation of AMP to ADO, is more abundant in astrocytes than neurons. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) evokes ADO release per se from neurons, whereas dephosphorylation of extracellular adenine nucleotides contributes to NMDA‐evoked ADO production in the presence of astrocytes. We used four different cell preparations—cortical rat neurons, cortical rat astrocytes, cocultures of neurons and astrocytes, and transient cocultures of neurons with astrocytes on transwell filters—to show that astrocytes contribute to NMDA‐evoked increases in extracellular ADO. NMDA significantly increased ADO and inosine (INO) production from cultured cortical neurons but only increased extracellular INO production from cocultures. In neurons, the equilibrative nucleoside transport (ENT) inhibitor dipyridamole (DPR) prevented NMDA‐evoked ADO and INO production, whereas the e‐N inhibitor α,β‐methylene ADP (AOPCP) had no effect. Conversely, from both cocultures and transient cocultures DPR significantly decreased NMDA‐evoked INO but not ADO generation. AOPCP inhibited NMDA‐evoked production of both ADO and INO from transient cocultures. In the absence of astrocytes, NMDA evoked release of intracellular ADO and INO from cultured cortical neurons through ENT. However, in the presence of astrocytes, extracellular conversion of adenine nucleotides to ADO contributed significantly to NMDA‐evoked production of this purine. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Men of steel: ascendance of the owner‐manager in the steel industry
Authors: Kakabadse Andrew , Kakabadse Nada , Uldatsov Vlad 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

We analyze a cross‐section of owner‐manager‐led steel companies, principally from developing countries. Utilizing a number of strategic analytical tools derived from steel industry sources as well as researchers' assessments of CEOs' financial legacy, we show that these steel companies have strategies determined by the idiosyncrasies of the dominant shareholder rather than rationalist application. Opportunistic, entrepreneurial behavior increasingly characterizes strategic application in a steel industry shaped by companies in developing nations.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expanding risk management systems: human resources and German banks
Authors: Paul Christopher , Mitlacher Lars 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

The management of HR risks has been in the focus of researchers lately. New regulations — especially in the banking industry — require companies to include HR risks in their risk management systems.

What has been neglected in the academic literature so far is a discussion of how banks respond to these new regulations and include compliance in their HR risk management systems.

What kind of risks emerge with regard to the different HR instruments used in banks is still an issue that has not been investigated in detail so far. Using the special case of German savings banks, which has not yet dealt with this question because of state protection, this paper analyzes how banks respond to the new regulation, using the case study approach.

Based on the empirical material and theoretical insights, the paper explores how HR risk management systems in German savings banks are designed, what risks are included and what implications for the future design of HR risk management systems emerge. Finally, future avenues of research are addressed.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of alginate and microbial transglutaminase as binding ingredients on restructured fish muscle processed at low temperature
Authors: Moreno Helena M , Carballo José , Borderías A Javier 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: In view of the increasing demand for fresh products in Western countries recently, there is considerable interest in commercialising restructured fish products having the appearance of fresh fish. A number of methods have been studied for the purpose of inducing cold gelification. Two of the most common methods, namely addition of alginates and addition of transglutaminases, have been studied mainly in connection with meat products. The present study deals with the use of alginate and transglutaminase as additives in cold gelification of minced hake (Merluccius capensis) muscle. The experiments were targeted on the effects of concentration and combined effects of additional additives on physicochemical characteristics and mechanical properties.RESULTS: As regards mechanical properties, the effectiveness of sodium alginate was improved by addition of a low concentration (1 g kg−1) of calcium chloride (CaCl2), whereas a higher concentration (10 g kg−1) reduced the binding ability of the alginate. The presence of sodium caseinate (15 g kg−1) in combination with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was important in helping to increase the work of penetration in fish gels induced at low temperature. Examination of the chemical properties of the muscle gels showed that sodium alginate did not establish covalent protein–protein bonds, while MTGase dramatically increased the number of covalent bonds formed between adjacent muscle proteins.CONCLUSION: With both ingredients, thermostable fish gels of good quality were produced at temperatures below 10 °C. Gels induced by sodium alginate were considerably improved by addition of 1 g kg−1 CaCl2. However, gels induced by MTGase were better suited for the preparation of restructured products. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Protein concentrate fromJatropha curcasscrew‐pressed seed cake and toxic and antinutritional factors in protein concentrate
Authors: Makkar Harinder PS , Francis George , Becker Klaus 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Jatropha curcasseeds are highly toxic to livestock. The presence of phorbol esters and antinutrients such as trypsin inhibitor, lectin and phytate and the high level of shells in the seed cake prevent its use in animal diets. Using the principle of isoelectric precipitation, the conditions for preparation of the protein concentrate from oil‐containing seed cake and defatted seed cake were optimised and the contents of phorbol esters and antinutrients were determined.RESULTS:The recovery of protein concentrate was highest when the proteins from the seed cakes were solubilised at pH 11 for 1 h at 60 °C and the precipitation of these proteins was done by lowering the pH to 4. Under these conditions, over 53% of the total proteins present in the seed cakes were recovered in the protein concentrates. The protein contents in the protein concentrates obtained from the oil‐containing seed cake and defatted seed cake were 760 and 820 g kg−1respectively. Substantial amounts of phorbol esters were present in the protein concentrates (0.86–1.48 mg g−1). Trypsin inhibitor was present at an approximately tenfold higher level in the protein concentrates than in the seed cakes. Lectin and phytate were also present at high levels, but their levels were lower than in the seed cakes. Tannins were present in negligible amounts.CONCLUSION:To make the protein concentrate fromJatrophaseed cake fit for use as an ingredient in livestock feed, phorbol esters must be removed and trypsin inhibitor and lectin inactivated by heat treatment. The adverse effects of phytate could be mitigated by addition of phytase in the diet. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Numerical simulation for the shape reconstruction of a cavity
Authors: Yan Wen‐Jing , Ma Yi‐Chen 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe consider the inverse problem of reconstructing the interior boundary curve of a cavity from the knowledge of the measurements on the exterior boundary. The domain derivative of the corresponding operator is presented, and this allows the investigation of the regularized Newton method for the solution of the ill‐posed and nonlinear problem. Numerical examples indicate the feasibility of our method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2009
The homotopy analysis method for explicit analytical solutions of Jaulent–Miodek equations
Authors: Rashidi M.M. , Domairry G. , Dinarvand S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn this work, the homotopy analysis method (HAM) is applied to obtain the explicit analytical solutions for system of the Jaulent–Miodek equations. The validity of the method is verified by comparing the approximation series solutions with the exact solutions. Unlike perturbation methods, the HAM does not depend on any small physical parameters at all. Thus, it is valid for both weakly and strongly nonlinear problems. Besides, different from all other analytic techniques, the HAM provides us a simple way to adjust and control the convergence region of the series solution by means of an auxiliary parameter ħ. Briefly speaking, this work verifies the validity and the potential of the HAM for the study of nonlinear systems. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2009
Expression profile of early lung adenocarcinoma: identification of MRP3 as a molecular marker for early progression
Authors: Hanada S , Maeshima A , Matsuno Y , Ohta T , Ohki M , Yoshida T , Hayashi Y , Yoshizawa Y , Hirohashi S , Sakamoto M 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEarly lung adenocarcinoma is well‐recognized as a small‐sized non‐invasive adenocarcinoma or localized non‐mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (LNMBAC); however, the molecular events associated with these early lesions are not clear. To determine the genes involved in tumorigenesis at the early stage of lung adenocarcinoma, we compared the mRNA expression profiles of LNMBAC and normal lungs with an oligonucleotide array. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to confirm the expression of detected genes. We identified 183 differentially expressed genes, of which 15 were up‐regulated and 168 down‐regulated. Among them, most up‐regulated genes, such as AQP3 and Claudin‐4, were expressed in both adenocarcinoma cells and type II alveolar pneumocytes, corresponding to the histological similarity between these cell types. However, multidrug resistant protein 3 (MRP3) was only expressed on tumour cell membranes and not in type II alveolar pneumocytes, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, the number of MRP3‐positive cells significantly increased from AAH (the precursor lesion of lung adenocarcinoma) to LNMBAC. We conclude that MRP3 could be a novel molecular marker for LNMBAC, whose expression increases during the early progression of tumourigenesis. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.