bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Better dietary adherence and weight maintenance achieved by a long-term moderate-fat diet
Authors: Azadbakht Leila , Mirmiran Parvin , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: February 2007

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of a long-term moderate-fat diet (30 % energy from fat)v.a low-fat one (20 % energy from fat) on metabolic risks. The study was a randomised, prospective 14-month trial on overweight and obese patients (eighty-nine overweight and obese men and women). The intervention was a moderate-fat diet (30 % energy) or a low-fat diet (20 % energy). The main outcome measurements were change in body weight, waist circumference, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, TAG, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Forty-five subjects on the moderate-fat diet and forty-four subjects on the low-fat one were studied. Characteristics of all randomised participants were similar in both groups. After 7 months, the moderate- and low-fat diets had similar effects on cardiovascular risks. The moderate-fat diet was more successful after 14 months in reducing weight ( − 5·0 (sd2·5) kg in the moderate-fat groupv.− 1·2 (sd1·1) kg in the low-fat one;P < 0·0001), waist circumference ( − 5·5 (sd2·4) cm in the moderate-fat groupv.− 2·3 (sd1·3) cm in the low-fat one;P < 0·0001), and other cardiovascular risk factors as well (LDL, TAG, total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure). In conclusion, a moderate-fat energy-restricted diet in the long term might have more beneficial effects on weight maintenance and cardiovascular risk factors compared with a low-fat diet. Better dietary adherence with the moderate-fat diet may be the reason for its successful effects.
Effects of oligofructose-enriched inulin on intestinal absorption of calcium and magnesium and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women
Authors: Holloway Leah , Moynihan Sharon , Abrams Steven A. , Kent Kyla , Hsu Andrew R. , Friedlander Anne L. 
Published: February 2007

Deficiency of oestrogen at menopause decreases intestinal Ca absorption, contributing to a negative Ca balance and bone loss. Mg deficiency has also been associated with bone loss. The purpose of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis that treatment with a spray-dried mixture of chicory oligofructose and long-chain inulin (Synergy1; SYN1) would increase the absorption of both Ca and Mg and alter markers of bone turnover. Fifteen postmenopausal women (72·2 (sd6·4) years) were treated with SYN1 or placebo for 6 weeks using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Fractional Ca and Mg absorption were measured using dual-tracer stable isotopes before and after treatment. Bone turnover markers were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks. Fractional absorption of Ca and Mg increased following SYN1 compared with placebo (P < 0·05). Bone resorption (by urinary deoxypyridinoline cross-links) was greater than baseline at 6 weeks of active treatment (P < 0·05). Bone formation (by serum osteocalcin) showed an upward trend at 3 weeks and an increase following 6 weeks of SYN1 (P < 0·05). Closer examination revealed a variation in response, with two-thirds of the subjects showing increased absorption with SYN1.Post hocanalyses demonstrated that positive responders had significantly lower lumbar spine bone mineral density than non-responders (dual X-ray absorptiometry 0·887 ± 0·102v.1·104 ± 0·121 g/cm2;P < 0·01), and changes in bone turnover markers occurred only in responders. These results suggest that 6 weeks of SYN1 can improve mineral absorption and impact markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Further research is needed to determine why a greater response was found in women with lower initial spine bone mineral density.
Comparison of composition and absorption of sugarcane policosanols
Authors: Marinangeli Christopher P. F. , Kassis Amira N. , Jain Deepak , Ebine Naoyuki , Cunnane Stephen C. , Jones Peter J. H. 
Published: February 2007

Policosanols (PC) exist as very-long-chain alcohols derived from sugarcane currently used in many countries as a cholesterol-lowering therapy. PC purity and relative percentage composition have been suggested as primary reasons why the original Cuban PC (OPC) supplements possess lipid-lowering efficacy. The purpose of the present study was, first, to compare the relative percentage purity and PC composition of both OPC and alternative sources of PC (APC). A second objective was to feed Syrian hamsters a diet containing 0·275 mg PC/g of either the OPC or an APC product (APC1) and compare subsequent tissue, plasma and faecal PC levels. Five animals from the APC1 dietary group received a diet containing ten times the original amount of PC. Results indicate that the APC formulations have a composition that is highly consistent with the OPC supplement, with octacosanol being present within the cited 60–70 % range. PC were undetectable in the small intestine, liver, adipose or plasma in animals fed either source. Hamsters fed OPC excreted octacosanol (C28) more rapidly (P < 0·05) than hamsters receiving APC1. If the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of PC mixtures is dependent on their purity and composition, then sugarcane-derived APC products should possess similar therapeutic properties as the OPC supplement.
Fine-scale abundance and distribution of wild silk moth pupae
Authors: Veldtman R. , McGeoch M.A. , Scholtz C.H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough several factors influence herbivore insect distributions at any particular scale, the most important determinants are likely to differ between species with different life histories. Identifying what these factors are and how they relate to life history forms an important component of understanding the population dynamics of species, and the habitat requirements necessary for their conservation. The pupal stage of two wild silk moth species, Gonometa postica Walker and G. rufobrunnea Aurivillius (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), is the target of harvesting practices that are totally dependent on the availability of pupae from natural populations. Consequently, and partly due to poor knowledge of the species' biology, there is substantial interest in the distribution of pupae among and within trees for both these species. It was investigated whether between- and within-tree pupal distributions in these two species are non-random, and if so, whether there are relationships between pupation site use and tree characteristics such as tree size, available pupation space and branch position. Between-tree patterns in pupal abundance were random in terms of absolute spatial position, but markedly non-random with respect to tree characteristics. The apparent G. postica pupae were aggregated on large larval host plants, whereas the cryptic G. rufobrunnea pupae were aggregated on non-host plants. These patterns reflect the life history differences of the two species. In contrast, at the within-tree scale, branch position, aspect and tree shape influenced pupation site choice similarly for both species. These patterns might be related to microclimate. Documenting between-tree and within-tree patterns in Gonometa pupal distributions is the first step towards explaining pupation site selection, as well as identifying possible evolutionarily selective factors in the species, and generating testable hypotheses from these.
Spatio-temporal distribution and emergence of beetles in arable fields in relation to soil moisture
Authors: Holland J.M. , Thomas C.F.G. , Birkett T. , Southway S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPredatory beetles contribute to the control of crop pests and are an important food resource for farmland birds. Many of these beetle species overwinter as larvae within agricultural soils, however, their spatio-temporal emergence patterns are poorly understood, even though such knowledge can assist with their management for biocontrol. Soil moisture is considered to be a key factor influencing oviposition site selection and larval survival. The time, density and spatial pattern of Carabidae and Staphylidae emergence was therefore measured across two fields and compared to soil moisture levels in the previous winter and adult distribution in the previous July. The mean density of Carabidae and Staphylidae that emerged between April and harvest within each field was 157 and 86 m−2, indicating that soils are an important over-wintering habitat for beneficial invertebrates and should be managed sympathetically if numbers are to be increased. Of the species that were sufficiently numerous to allow their spatial pattern to be analysed, all showed a heterogeneous emergence pattern, although patches with high emergence were stable over the sampling period. The distribution of eight species was influenced by soil moisture levels in the previous winter and eight species, although not the same, were spatially associated with the distribution of adults in the previous summer suggesting that the females selected oviposition areas with the appropriate soil wetness.
Adaptive force reflecting teleoperation with local force compensators
Authors: Cheung Yushing , Chung Jae H. , Hong Daehie 
Published: February 2007

SUMMARYThis paper addresses problems to achieve transparency and contact stability for teleoperation that consists of unconstrained and constrained motions. The adaptive bilateral control with a local force compensator is developed, based on adaptive impedance control and contact force driven compensation with auto-switching functions. Without any knowledge about robotic and environment dynamics and with a communication delay, the developed method guarantees good adaptive tracking performance in unconstrained motion and reduction of oscillating contacts in constrained motion. Based on an actual haptic device and a virtual manipulator, haptic simulations are presented to demonstrate adaptive transparency and contact stability in the presence of communication delay.
A control architecture for a mobile heavy-lift precision manipulator with limited sensory information
Authors: Becker William , DiCicco Matthew , Garretson Justin , Dubowsky Steven 
Published: February 2007

SUMMARYMobile robotic manipulators can augment the strength and dexterity of human operators in unstructured environments. Here, the control system for a six degree-of-freedom heavy-lift mobile manipulator for lifting and inserting payloads on the deck of a ship is described. The robotic hardware and the application present several control challenges, including structural resonances, high joint friction that varies with time, limited sensors for measuring the joint friction, complex interaction with the environment, tight tolerances for the insertion tasks, lack of bilateral force feedback of the contact forces, and ship motions. The control system enables an operator to perform insertion tasks using feedback of tactile clues of the manipulator position, and reduces the effects of friction with a combination of sensor-based, adaptive, and model-based methods of friction compensation. The control architecture is validated in simulation and on a laboratory manipulator.
Sensor-based global planning for mobile robot navigation
Authors: Garrido S. , Moreno L. , Blanco D. , Munoz M. L. 
Published: February 2007

SUMMARYThe proposed algorithm integrates in a single planner the global motion planning and local obstacle avoidance capabilities. It efficiently guides the robot in a dynamic environment. This eliminates some of the traditional problems of planned architectures (model-plan-act scheme) while obtaining many of the qualities of behavior-based architectures. The computational efficiency of the method allows the planner to operate at high-rate sensor frequencies. This avoids the need for using both a collision-avoidance algorithm and a global motion planner for navigation in a cluttered environment. The method combines map-based and sensor-based planning operations to provide a smooth and reliable motion plan. Operating on a simple grid-based world model, the method uses a fast marching technique to determine a motion plan on a Voronoi extended transform extracted from the environment model. In addition to this real-time response ability, the method produces smooth and safe robot trajectories.
LITERATURE AND ART
Authors: Smith Paul 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

This special issue of
French Studies
examines a body of narratives featuring French art and artists published at representative periods during the nineteenth century (in both French and English). There are strong thematic continuities between many of the examples discussed, particularly as regards their concern over the social and economic position of the artist, and the nature and gendering of creativity. The
topoi
of the genius and the
raté
also recur throughout. Several texts are vehicles for voicing aesthetic and political positions. And many draw closely on contemporary figures, events, and debates for their content. Yet this special issue does not aim to identify a discursive unity so much as to exhibit the variety and richness of the art novel's evolution. It is also concerned to address some of the methodological issues involved in reading this kind of text, including the selectivity of the canon, intertextual connections, and the relationship between fiction and fact. It is hoped it will not only plot some new and unfamiliar material in an area still represented for most by a mere handful of ‘major’ texts, but also bring some of the questions involved by this expanded configuration of the field into sharper focus.
Efficacy of Eletriptan in Triptan‐Naïve Patients: Results of a Combined Analysis
Authors: Martin Vincent T. , Valade Dominique , Almas Mary , Hettiarachchi Jayasena , Sikes Carolyn , Albert Kenneth S. , Parsons Bruce 
Published: February 2007

Objective.—To compare the efficacy and tolerability of eletriptan 20 mg, 40 mg, and 80 mg in triptan‐naïve patients (who have not previously used triptans) versus triptan‐experienced patients (who have previously used triptans).Methods.—Efficacy and tolerability data for eletriptan 20 mg, 40 mg, and 80 mg were pooled from 10 similarly designed, randomized, parallel‐group studies, and triptan‐naïve and triptan‐experienced patients were compared with placebo across the 3 triptan doses. The primary efficacy endpoint was headache response at 2 hours postdose. Secondary efficacy endpoints were 2‐hour pain‐free response, 2‐hour absence of associated symptoms, 2‐hour functional response, 24‐hour sustained headache response, and 24‐hour sustained pain‐free response.Results.—For eletriptan 20 mg, 40 mg, and 80 mg versus placebo, respectively, triptan‐naïve patients showed significantly higher 2‐hour headache response (54%, 61%, 66% vs. 31%; P < .0001), 2‐hour pain‐free response (20%, 28%, and 31% vs. 8%; P < .0001), and 24‐hour sustained headache response (34%, 45%, and 51% vs. 20%; P < .0001). A similarly significant efficacy advantage was also observed in the triptan‐experienced subgroup for 2‐hour headache response (46%, 63%, 69% vs. 21%; P < .0001), 2‐hour pain‐free response (13%, 32%, and 38% vs. 4%; P < .0001), and 24‐hour sustained headache response (29%, 41%, and 45% vs. 9%; P < .0001). Previous treatment status did not influence tolerability, and all 3 doses of eletriptan were well tolerated.Conclusions.—These data suggest that eletriptan has comparable efficacy versus placebo among both triptan‐naïve and triptan‐experienced patients.
Clarification of Developing and Established Clinical Allodynia and Pain‐Free Outcomes
Authors: Landy Stephen H. , McGinnis Judy E. , McDonald Susan A. 
Published: February 2007

Objective.—The aim of this study was to determine whether clinical indicators of cutaneous allodynia predict the success of migraine therapy with sumatriptan using a brief questionnaire.Background.—Using quantitative sensory testing (QST) recent studies demonstrate that the presence of cutaneous allodynia, a clinical manifestation of central sensitization, can be detrimental to the success of migraine therapy with sumatriptan. QST is costly and requires much time, therefore it is not feasible to use in clinical practice.Methods.—In this prospective study, migraineurs completed a questionnaire about their skin sensitivity during migraine. Each migraineur treated 2 migraine headaches with sumatriptan (100 mg): 1 headache at the earliest sign of migraine pain (mild, within 1 hour of onset) and 1 headache at least 4 hours after the onset of pain while moderate or severe.Results.—Thirty‐six migraine headaches were evaluated in 18 migraineurs. A total of 44% of the headaches were not associated with allodynia at any time. Irrespective of allodynic status, headaches were more likely to become pain‐free with early versus late treatment (2 hours; 78% vs. 33%, respectively). Headaches were equally likely to become pain‐free when allodynia was reported before treatment but not 2 and 4 hours after treatment (2 hours; 67 vs. 63%, respectively, 4 hours 80 vs. 81%, respectively). However, no headaches were pain‐free when allodynia was reported at 2 and 4 hours after treatment.Conclusions.—Headaches without allodynia were aborted when treated early or late, and headaches with allodynia were aborted only when allodynia was not present after treatment. These findings suggest that different mechanisms account for allodynia before and after treatment; a developing phase in which central sensitization depends on incoming pain signals from the peripheral nociceptors and an established phase in which the sensitization becomes independent of the pain signals that come from the dura.
Repeat Trigeminal Nerve Radiosurgery for Refractory Cluster Headache Fails to Provide Long‐Term Pain Relief
Authors: McClelland Shearwood , Barnett Gene H. , Neyman Gennady , Suh John H. 
Published: February 2007

Objective/Background.—Medically refractory cluster headache (MRCH) is a debilitating condition that has proven resistant to many modalities. Previous reports have indicated that radiosurgery for MRCH provides little long‐term pain relief, with moderate/significant morbidity. However, there have been no reports of repeated radiosurgery in this patient population. We present our findings from the first reports of repeat radiosurgery for MRCH.Methods.—Two patients with MRCH underwent repeat gamma knife radiosurgery at our institution. Each fulfilled clinical criteria for treatment, including complete resistance to pharmacotherapy, pain primarily localized to the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, and psychological stability. Both patients previously received gamma knife radiosurgery (75 Gy) for MRCH with no morbidity, but no long‐term improvement of pain relief (Patient 1 = 5 months, Patient 2 = 10 months) after treatment. For repeat radiosurgery, each patient received 75 Gy to the 100% isodose line delivered to the root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve, and was evaluated postretreatment. Pain relief was defined as: excellent (free of MRCH with minimal/no medications), good (50% reduction of MRCH severity/frequency with medications), fair (25% reduction), or poor (less than 25% reduction).Results.—Following repeat radiosurgery, long‐term pain relief was poor in both patients. Neither patient sustained any immediate morbidity following radiosurgery. Patient 2 experienced right facial numbness 4 months postretreatment, while Patient 1 experienced no morbidity.Conclusion.—Repeat radiosurgery of the trigeminal nerve fails to provide long‐term pain relief for MRCH. Given the reported failures of initial and repeat radiosurgery for MRCH, trigeminal nerve radiosurgery should not be offered for MRCH.
Autogenous bone graft alone or associated with titanium mesh for vertical alveolar ridge augmentation: a controlled clinical trial
Authors: Roccuzzo Mario , Ramieri Guglielmo , Bunino Marco , Berrone Sid 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this controlled clinical trial is to evaluate alveolar ridge augmentation using an autogenous onlay bone graft alone or associated with a titanium mesh (Ti‐Mesh).Material and methods: A group of 23 partially edentulous patients, presenting the need for vertical bone augmentation of at least 4 mm, were treated before implant placement. Surgical procedure was performed by the same operator and was identical at 12 test (bone graft+Ti‐Mesh) and 12 control (bone graft alone) sites. During the first surgery, an autogenous bone graft was harvested from the mandibular ramus and secured by means of titanium screws. Particulate bone was added. In patients assigned to the test group only, a Ti‐Mesh was used to stabilize and protect the graft.Results: No major complications were recorded at recipient or donor sites. After a mean interval of 4.6 (SD 0.7) months, the mean vertical augmentation obtained was 5 mm (range 4–7 mm) for the test group and 3.4 mm (range 3–6 mm) for the control. The sites with Ti‐Mesh coverage underwent bone resorption of 13.5%, while the sites with no coverage showed a corresponding value of 34.5%. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant. Implants were placed at all grafted sites.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that an onlay osseous graft protected by a Ti‐Mesh demonstrated significantly less bone resorption when compared with an onlay bone graft alone. This benefit was reduced in case of short‐term mesh exposure, with limited drawbacks.
Evaluation of tongue coating indices
Authors: Lundgren T , Mobilia A , Hallström H , Egelberg J 
Published: February 2007

Aim:  The purpose of this study was to determine inter‐examiner reproducibility of two modified Winkel tongue coating indices and to study the relationship between each of these two indices and the amount of tongue coating as determined by wet weight of scrapings from the dorsum of the tongue.Materials and methods:  Twenty‐five participants were selected for the study from among dental students. The selection was made to assure that a wide range of degrees of tongue coating were represented. Two independent examiners scored the tongue coatings using the two modified Winkel tongue coating indices (mWTCI 1 + 2 and mWTCI 2). After completion of index recordings, tongue scrapings were performed by one of the examiners.Results:  Inter‐examiner reproducibility of mWTCI 1 + 2 and mWTCI 2 using Pearson's coefficients of correlation amounted to r = 0.48 and 0.93 respectively. Overall, mWTCI 2 showed higher correlations to wet weight of tongue scrapings than mWTCI 1 + 2.Conclusion:  The mWTCI 2 was found to be highly reproducible and also valid as related to wet weight of tongue scrapings. This index would seem suitable for further studies on tongue coatings; effect of tongue cleaning; and rate of reformation of coatings after cleaning.
An MTT‐based method for quantification of periodontal ligament cell viability
Authors: Kim E , Jeon IS , Kim JW , Kim J , Jung H‐S , Lee SJ 
Published: February 2007

Objective:  Survival of periodontal ligament cells is crucial issue after tooth replantation. To understand this matter, we introduced MTT assay, which can be used as a tool for measuring the viability of periodontal ligament cells from extracted rat molars.Materials and methods:  The maxillary molars of 4‐week‐old Sprague–Dawley white female rats were used. Ten teeth of each immediate, 1 h Viaspan and 1 h dry were processed for MTT evaluation. Another 10 teeth from each group were treated in the same manner as above, but were replanted into their original socket. After 2 weeks, the animals were killed and the prevalence of resorption pits was evaluated.Results:  In vivo MTT assay corresponded with the histological results of the resorption pits (P ≤ 0.05). The polarizing and optical microscopic findings were consistent with the in vivo MTT assay results.Conclusions:  In vivo MTT measurements were consistent with the histologic observations and suggest that the in vivo MTT assay could be a tool for evaluating the viability of periodontal ligament cells directly from the extracted root surface. The advantages are shorter analysis time compared with animal or cell culture experiments, easy manipulation, clear quantification and immediate identification of the vital cells.