bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can ChatGPT-4 evaluate whether a differential diagnosis list contains the correct diagnosis as accurately as a physician?
Authors: Mizuta Kazuya , Hirosawa Takanobu , Harada Yukinori , Shimizu Taro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The potential of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, particularly the fourth-generation chat generative pretrained transformer (ChatGPT-4), in assisting with medical diagnosis is an emerging research area. While there has been significant emphasis on creating lists of differential diagnoses, it is not yet clear how well AI chatbots can evaluate whether the final diagnosis is included in these lists. This short communication aimed to assess the accuracy of ChatGPT-4 in evaluating lists of differential diagnosis compared to medical professionals’ assessments.

Methods
We used ChatGPT-4 to evaluate whether the final diagnosis was included in the top 10 differential diagnosis lists created by physicians, ChatGPT-3, and ChatGPT-4, using clinical vignettes. Eighty-two clinical vignettes were used, comprising 52 complex case reports published by the authors from the department and 30 mock cases of common diseases created by physicians from the same department. We compared the agreement between ChatGPT-4 and the physicians on whether the final diagnosis was included in the top 10 differential diagnosis lists using the kappa coefficient.

Results
Three sets of differential diagnoses were evaluated for each of the 82 cases, resulting in a total of 246 lists. The agreement rate between ChatGPT-4 and physicians was 236 out of 246 (95.9 %), with a kappa coefficient of 0.86, indicating very good agreement.

Conclusions
ChatGPT-4 demonstrated very good agreement with physicians in evaluating whether the final diagnosis should be included in the differential diagnosis lists.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(benzylamine-κ1
N)-(sorbato-κ1
O)-(μ2-sorbato-κ2
O,O′)-copper(II), C19H23CuNO4
Authors: Shin Hyewon , Kang Jaeun , Ok Kang Min , Do Junghwan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
C19H23CuNO4, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 16.1601(4) Å, b = 23.3298(7) Å, c = 12.8950(3) Å, β = 128.275(1)∘, V = 3816.6(2) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0620, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1251, T = 296(2) K.
Vocatus est
Authors: von Sass Hartmut 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Dies ist eine Antwort auf George Pattisons magistrale Triologie über eine „Philosophy of Christian Life“ – mit Schwerpunkt auf dem zweiten Teil: „A Rhetorics of the Words“. Der Beitrag bietet eine Analyse des zentralen Begriffes, nämlich des „Rufs“ oder der „Berufung“. Dies führt zu drei grundlegenden Fragen nach dem fehlenden Gemeinschaftscharakter der Berufung in Pattisons Darstellung; seiner einseitigen Neigung zum Pessimismus in seiner Kulturkritik; und, der nur marginalen Rolle, die andere Artikulationen als der Ruf innerhalb eines „frommen Lebens“ und seiner ambivalenten Autorität spielen.
Construction of a sustainable model to predict the moisture content of porang powder (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) based on pointed-scan visible near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Amanah Hanim Zuhrotul , Rahayoe Sri , Harmayani Eni , Hernanda Reza Adhitama Putra , Khoirunnisaa  , Rohmat Ajeng Siti , Lee Hoonsoo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The moisture content of porang powder (PP) is an inherent quality parameter. Therefore, several analytical methods, such as oven drying and Karl–Fischer titration, were applied to determine the content. However, these techniques are noted to have various disadvantages, such as being time-consuming, requiring sample preparation, being labor-intensive, and producing chemical waste. This study aims to investigate the potential of visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy as a nondestructive and sustainable analytical technology to predict moisture content in PP. In this study, we developed a traditional machine learning algorithm, a partial least squares regression (PLSR), in tandem with two spectral bands, which are Vis-NIR (400–1,000 nm) and NIR (954–1,700 nm). To upgrade the performance of PLSR, we applied seven preprocessing techniques: mean normalization, maximum normalization, range normalization, multiplicative scatter correction, standard normal variate (SNV), and Savitzky–Golay first and second derivatives. We found that PLSR using NIR spectral bands was more effective; the preprocessed mean normalization exhibited the best results with a coefficient of determination

(

R
p
2

)

\left({R}_{p}^{2})

of 0.96 and a standard error prediction (SEP) of 0.56 using five latent variables. Furthermore, we also extracted 39 optimum wavelengths using variable importance in projection and achieved better performance (

R
p
2

{R}_{p}^{2}

= 0.95, SEP = 0.56%wb, and 5 LVs) via SNV preprocessed NIR spectra.
Female Microhistorical Archaeology
Authors: Casimiro Tânia Manuel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Microhistory is a part of historical research that focuses on the behaviours, practices, and perceptions of individuals and small communities, locating them in social, economic, and cultural frameworks. Although archaeology has already focused on similar attempts, microarchaeology seldom takes a female perspective. This article aims to discuss how microhistory can be used in historical archaeology, engendering past narratives, those which are usually so difficult to find from historical documents and archaeological sites, and introducing the concept of the ego-artefact, the artefacts we know to have belonged to specific people and which are almost biographical. By doing this analysis, we are individually reconstructing past narratives while including these stories in macronarratives.
Challenges and Opportunities for Twenty First Century Bayesian Econometricians: A Personal View
Authors: van Dijk Herman K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis essay is aboutBayesian econometrics with a purpose. Specifically, six societal challenges and research opportunities that confront twenty first century Bayesian econometricians are discussed using an important feature of modern Bayesian econometrics: conditional probabilities of a wide range of economic events of interest can be evaluated by using simulation-based Bayesian inference. The enormous advances in hardware and software have made this Bayesian computational approach a very attractive vehicle of research in many subfields in economics where novel data patterns and substantial model complexity are predominant. In this essay the following challenges and opportunities are briefly discussed, including the scientific results obtained in the twentieth century leading up to these challenges: Posterior and predictive analysis of everything: connecting micro-economic causality with macro-economic issues; the need for speed: model complexity and the golden age of algorithms; learning about models, forecasts and policies including their uncertainty; temporal distributional change due to polarisation, imbalances and shocks; climate change and the macroeconomy; finally and most importantly, widespread, accessible, advanced high-level training.
Untersuchung der piezoresistiven Eigenschaften in carbonfaserverstärkten Elektroden von dielektrischen Elastomeraktoren
Authors: Koenigsdorff Markus , Mersch Johannes , Gerlach Gerald 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die weiche Robotik ist ein sich schnell entwickelnder Bereich, und dielektrische Elastomeraktoren (DEAs) haben sich als vielversprechend im Bereich der Aktorkonzepte herausgestellt. Ein neuartiger Ansatz zur Steigerung der Kraftwirkung der DEAs besteht darin, anisotrope Schichten, wie beispielsweise Fasern, in die Aktoren zu integrieren. Insbesondere Carbonfasern zeichnen sich durch ihre hohe Steifigkeit und elektrische Leitfähigkeit aus und dienen nicht nur als effektive Verstärkung, sondern können auch als Material für die Elektroden der Aktoren genutzt werden. Darüber hinaus lassen sich die Elektroden der DEAs zur Selbstüberwachung nutzen, indem sie zusammen mit dem Dielektrikum als resistive oder kapazitive Sensoren eingesetzt werden. Trotz der verschiedenen Methoden, die für die Implementierung von Sensor- und Regelungsfunktionen vorgeschlagen wurden, gibt es noch eine Lücke im Verständnis der piezoresistiven Eigenschaften von carbonfaserverstärkten DEAs. In dieser Arbeit werden diese für carbonfaserverstärkte und kohlenstoffpartikelbasierte Elektroden untersucht, um den Unterschied zwischen konventionellen und den neuen, verstärkten Elektroden zu vergleichen. Ein wesentliches Ergebnis der Untersuchung ist die unerwartete inverse piezoresistive Kopplung der carbonfaserverstärkten Elektroden nach einem ersten Belastungszyklus. Dieses antipropotionale Dehnungs-Widerstandsverhalten ist im Anschluss über die weiteren Zyklen ebenfalls vorhanden. Darüber hinaus dominiert der geringere spezifische Widerstand der Carbonfasern das gesamte Widerstandsverhalten der Elektroden gegenüber dem reinen, partikelgefüllten Elastomer.
A Coherent Approach of Indexing Methods to Assess the Water Quality of River Bodies in Arrah, Bihar, India
Authors: Sardana Mohita , Pandit Dina Nath , Kuamri Sangeeta , Kumari Punam , Kumar Om Prakash , Kumari Mikki , Kumari Sima , Alam Md Noor 
Published: March 2024

Different river bodies are diverse sustaining systems that provide freshwater to rapidly growing needs at the domestic, agricultural and industrial levels of the people of India. The river bodies need periodical examination for conservation and rejuvenation because they are currently under stress due to pollution and climate change. Arrah is a district of Bihar, India and occupies an area of 2395 km2 for agriculture as the predominant activity. It is an attempt to assess the water quality of River Ganga, Sone and Gangi in this area by combining the overall pollution index (OPI), comprehensive pollution index (CPI) and water quality index (WQI) from November 2021 to October 2023 from 648 water samples and nine sampling sites to establish a relationship between any change in water quality and their sources. We assessed eleven water quality parameters following standard methods for winter, summer and monsoon seasons. Observations showed that dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, fluoride and rarely biochemical oxygen demand exceeded Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS 2012) prescribed limits and indicated deterioration in the water quality of these river bodies. Two-way ANOVA suggested that the water quality parameters of these river bodies showed significant differences (p<0.05). We used Numerical equations to transform the concentration values into pollution indices. Values of OPI (1.70 to 2.40) and CPI (0.65 to 0.90) indicate acceptable/ slightly polluted/moderately polluted water in these rivers. Values of WQI of these river bodies ranged from 182.0-192.1, 220.1-242.2 and 190.7-238.9 during winter, summer and monsoon seasons, indicating poor/very-poor water quality. The observation shows that the causes of the declining water quality in these water bodies are anthropogenic activity, agricultural waste runoff and entry of untreated sewage. To reduce the time-consuming and expensive water quality monitoring and assessment programmes for these river bodies, the water quality of these water bodies felt the need to adopt proper management policies and conservation efforts.
Harmonic Mean Cordial Labeling of One Chord Cn V G
Authors: Gandhi Harsh , Parejiya Jaydeep , Jariya M M , Solanki Ramesh 
Published: March 2024

All the graphs considered in this article are simple and undirected. Let G = (V (G),E(G)) be a simple undirected graph. A function is called Harmonic Mean Cordial if the induced function defined by satisfies the condition and for any , where and denote the number of vertices and number of edges with label respectively and denotes the greatest integer less than or equals to . A graph is called a harmonic mean cordial graph if it admits harmonic mean cordial labeling. In this article, we have discussed the harmonic mean cordial labeling of One Chord .
Possibilities of Digitalization of the Qualification Thesis Topic Submission Process
Authors: KLEMENT MILAN 
Published: March 2024

The challenges associated with the process of awarding and processing qualification work can be traced both in the area of efforts to improve the quality of this specific process and in the area of supporting the digitisation of the study agenda in general. Given that the core processes at the university rely on highly skilled professionals, digitising processes is not as straightforward as it would be for more mechanical work. Although universities have a long tradition of organising work, they have not yet paid much attention to digitised processes.
For this reason, we developed and piloted a flexible electronic workflow for digitizing a selected process and tested it under real-life conditions, including the implementation of qualitative research. The results show the usefulness and adaptability of the proposed electronic workflow from the perspective of its users.
E-TİCARET SİTELERİNİN ARAMA MOTORU OPTİMİZASYON YÖNTEMLERİ İLE ARAMA MOTORLARINDAKİ SIRALAMALARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN ÜRÜN GRUPLARI AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÇELEBİ Murat , ENGİN Melih 
Published: March 2024

Bir web sayfasının arama motoru sonuçlarında üst sıralarda yer alması için yapılan çalışmalara arama motoru optimizasyonu (SEO) denmektedir. SEO çalışmaları sayfa içinde ve sayfa dışında yapılan çalışmalar olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Arama motoru sonuç sıralamalarında sayfa içi ve sayfa dışı SEO yöntemlerinin etki düzeyleri tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmada, arama motoru sonuçlarında sayfa içi ve sayfa dışı SEO yöntemlerinin etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın deney ortamı olarak dünyada en çok kullanılan arama motoru olan Google arama motoru seçilmiştir.
E-ticaret ile alakalı 2022 yılında en çok aratılan 32 anahtar kelime (arama terimi) tespit edilmiştir. Ardından bu arama terimleri Google üzerinden aratılmış ve ilk sayfa sonuçları toplanmıştır. İlk sayfada listelenen web sayfalarının Lighthouse sayfa içi puanı (LH) ve Moz sayfa dışı puanları (PA ve DA) ile arama motorundaki sonuç sıralamaları arasındaki Pearson korelasyon katsayılarına bakılmıştır. Ayrıca örneklemdeki 32 arama terimi alakalarına göre giyim, ayakkabı, elektronik ve takı kategorilerine ayrılmış ve kategori bazında analizler tekrarlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre sayfa içi SEO çalışmalarının sıralamaya etkisinin, sayfa dışı SEO çalışmalarına göre daha fazla olduğu söylenebilir. Ancak giyim ve takı/aksesuar kategorilerinde sayfa dışı çalışmaların sıralamaya etkisinin daha fazla olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca bir web sitesinin belirli konularda uzmanlaşmasının, arama motoru sıralamalarında avantaj sağladığı gözlenmiştir
Left ventricular mechanics in Behcet’s disease: A speckle tracking echocardiographic study
Authors: Demirelli Selami , Degirmenci Hüsnü , Bilen Handan , Ermis Emrah , Duman Hakan , Arisoy Arif , Bakirci Eftal Murat , Ipek Emrah , Askin Lutfu 
Published: March 2024

Although cardiac involvement is rarely seen in Behcet’s disease (BD), it is essential to detect subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction for prognostic purposes. Herein we aimed to show the role of two dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in determination of subclinical LV dysfunction in patients with BD. 30 patients diagnosed as BD due to International Study Group Behcet’s diagnostic criteria and 25 control subjects underwent Doppler echocardiography including pulsed tissue Doppler of the mitral annulus and speckle-tracking echocardiography. LV peak longitudinal strain and strain rate (SR) was calculated in four-chamber (4C), apical long-axis (LAX), and two-chamber (2C) views, and values of the three views were averaged LV global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) and SR. LV torsion was determined as the net difference in the mean rotation between the apical and basal levels. There was not any significant difference in age and gender between groups. Patients with BD had significantly lower LV longitudinal strain and Sr measurements than the control group. Although LV basal rotation (LVR) basal values were similar in both groups, LVR-apical and LV torsion (LVTR) values were significantly higher in patient group. LVR-apical and LV-GLS were found to have a good positive corelation (r:0.44, p<0.001) (r: -0.56, r: -0.65,respectively. p<0.001). There was a weak positive correlation between LVTR and LV-GLS (r: 0.29, p<0.05). We demonstrated that combined assessement of LV-GLS, LV-GLSR, LVTR and LVR-apical values detected by STE can be useful in determination of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in BD.
Coupe rase, histoire d’une pratique sylvicole controversée. Les prémices de la contestation (XVIIe-XIXe siècles) (partie 1)
Authors: Deuffic Philippe , Marage Damien , Richou Elsa 
Published: March 2024

Symbole d’un monopole décisionnel des forestiers, la coupe rase est devenue au fil du temps une pratique controversée. Seuls à décider des règles d’exécution de cet acte technique au XVIIe siècle, les forestiers doivent transiger avec une nouvelle élite intellectuelle au XIXe siècle. Celle-ci porte en effet de nouvelles valeurs et représentations esthétiques de l’espace forestier en rupture avec la vision technique classique. Si ce mouvement de protestation obtient des concessions avec la création de réserves artistiques, le principe de la coupe rase demeure, laissant la porte ouverte à de futures contestations.

Messages clés :• La coupe rase est devenue une pratique publiquement controversée au cours du XIXe siècle.• La rationalisation et modernisation de cette technique va accentuer les tensions au cours du XXe siècle.• Ces tensions témoignent d’une divergence progressive des représentations sociales de la forêt entre forestiers et usagers.
Farmer Perceptions of Land Cover Classification of UAS Imagery of Coffee Agroecosystems in Puerto Rico
Authors: Klenke Gwendolyn , Brines Shannon , Hernandez Nayethzi , Li Kevin , Glancy Riley , Cabrera Jose , Neal Blake Hendrix , Adkins Kevin , Schroeder Ronny , Perfecto Ivette 
Published: March 2024

Highly diverse agroecosystems are increasingly of interest as the realization of farms&#039; invaluable ecosystem services grows. Simultaneously there has been an increased use of uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) in remote sensing as drones offer a finer spatial resolution and faster revisit rate than traditional satellites. With the combined utility of UAS and the attention on agroecosystems, there exists an opportunity to assess UAS practicality in highly biodiverse settings. In this study, we utilized UAS to collect fine-resolution 10-band multispectral imagery of coffee agroecosystems in Puerto Rico. We created land cover maps through a pixel-based supervised classification of each farm and assembled accuracy assessments for each classification. To bolster our understanding of the classifications, we interviewed farmers to understand their thoughts on how these maps may be best used to support their land management. The average overall accuracy (53.9%), though relatively low, was expected for such a diverse landscape with fine-resolution data. After sharing imagery and land cover classifications with farmers, we found that while the prints were often a point of pride or curiosity for farmers, integrating the maps into farm management was perceived as impractical. These findings highlight that while remote sensing of diverse agroecosystems may provide a detailed way of estimating land cover classes and ecosystem services for researchers and government agencies for example these maps may be of limited use to land managers without additional interpretation.
Reuse of Orthopaedic Equipment
Authors: Tsay Ellen L. , Sabharwal Sanjeev 
Published: March 2024

» Reuse of orthopaedic equipment is one of many potential ways to minimize the negative impact of used equipment on the environment, rising healthcare costs and disparities in access to surgical care.» Barriers to widespread adoption of reuse include concerns for patient safety, exposure to unknown liability risks, negative public perceptions, and logistical barriers such as limited availability of infrastructure and quality control metrics.» Some low- and middle-income countries have existing models of equipment reuse that can be adapted through reverse innovation to high-income countries such as the United States.» Further research should be conducted to examine the safety and efficacy of reusing various orthopaedic equipment, so that standardized guidelines for reuse can be established.
Goldbach Conjecture Proof
Authors: Thompson Daniel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Goldbach conjecture was proposed by the German mathematician Christian Goldbach around the year 1742, to another well-known mathematician of that time Leonard Euler. The conjecture has been found to hold for all numbers up to 4 x 10⁸ but remains unproven until now. This paper proves the Goldbach conjecture by showing that elements of the addition of two odd prime numbers produce elements of the resulting even number. The resulting elements from the addition of two odd prime numbers evaluate to an equal amount thus proving that every even number can be expressed as the addition of two odd prime numbers.
MSC: 11-xx.
Wideband High Gain Meatsurface-Based 2×2 MIMO antenna with Highly Isolated Ports for Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications
Authors: Salehi Mahdi , Oraizi Homayoon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

A high gain and wideband MIMO antenna with highly isolated ports allows the 5G technology to provide reliable wireless communication with high data rate, low latency, increased channel capacity, high signal quality, low power, and high data throughput while maintaining the penetration rate. This study presents the design and simulation of two wideband, high gain, metasurface-based 2 x 2 MIMO antennas operating from 2.85 to 4.2 GHz for 5G applications, which satisfy the 5G requisites. The radiating elements of the two MIMO antennas use the aperture coupled feeding technique with a dumbbell shape slot, a metasurface layer that utilizes the surface wave propagation, and a truncated square patch with two U-shaped slots to attain wideband and high gain performance. The power of the feed radiates through the dumbbell shape slot to illuminate the radiating patch, which allows better manipulation of the coupled power compared with the rectangular slot. The proposed MIMO structure places four identical radiating elements like a 2 x 2 matrix with a rotation of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° to produce orthogonal electromagnetic waves, which improves the isolation between ports. Two vertical and horizontal strip slots are engraved on the ground as the decoupling structure to decrease the mutual coupling among the radiating elements. Besides, the aperture-coupled feeding technique increases the independence between the radiating elements by isolating the radiating patches and the microstrip feed lines. The CST and HFSS software are used to simulate the antennas. According to the CST and HFSS simulation results, the highest gain values of the first MIMO design vary from 7.6 to 8.9 dBi and 8.8 to 9.25 dBi over the operational bandwidth, respectively. It achieves less than -32 dB isolation, almost 10 dB diversity gain, and below 0.0002 ECC. However, it experiences 2.2 to 5 dBi back lobe levels. The second MIMO antenna is proposed to kill the back lobe levels and increase the gain while providing high isolation and low mutual coupling. The second antenna put a metal plate at 20 mm beneath the first antenna to achieve peak gain values from 9.5 to 11.75 dBi, isolation below -20 dB, almost 10 dB diversity gain, and ECC (Envelope Correlation Coefficients) values below 0.0012 over 2.8 to 4.2 GHz. The achievements show that the radiating elements of both MIMO antennas work independently with minimal mutual coupling, which increases the channel capacity. The comparison with other studies' achievements indicates that the proposed MIMO antennas are among the best candidates for 5G based systems, such as IoT (Internet of Things) applications and vehicular communications.