bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moyamoya disease in Southeast Asians: genetic and autopsy data, new cases, systematic review, and meta-analysis of all patients from the literature
Authors: Strunk Daniel , Bauer Peter , Keyvani Kathy , Diehl Rolf R. , Veltkamp Roland , Berlit Peter , Meuth Sven G. , Timmermann Lars , Schwitalla Jan Claudius , Kraemer Markus 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare disorder causing ischemic and hemorrhagic juvenile stroke. It is associated with the founder susceptibility variant p.R4810K in the RNF213 gene in East Asia. Our aim was to enhance understanding of MMD in so far poorly characterized Southeast Asians and exploring differences with Caucasian Europeans.

Methods
By retrospective analysis of medical records and systematic database search on PubMed for all published cases, we identified Southeast Asian patients with MMD. We extracted and pooled proportions using fixed-effects models. Our own cohort was tested for the East Asian RNF213 founder variant p.R4810K. One of our Southeast Asian patients underwent post-mortem histopathological examination.

Results
The study cohort comprised 32 Southeast Asians. Mean age at onset in the entire cohort was 32.5 ± 20.3 years (n = 24), 43.4 ± 8.7 years in patients admitted to our center (n = 11), and 23.4 ± 22.4 years in patients from the international literature (n = 13). Female-to-male ratio was 1.6:1. MMD predominantly affected bilateral anterior intracranial vessels. Cerebral ischemia outnumbered transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and intracranial hemorrhage. TIAs, arterial hypertension and obesity were significantly less frequent in Southeast Asian patients compared to Caucasian Europeans. p.R4810K was absent in all examined Southeast Asians despite of typical histopathological signs of MMD in one autopsy case.

Conclusion
Clinical and histopathological manifestations of MMD in Southeast Asians are similar to those in Caucasian Europeans. The genotype of MMD in Southeast Asians differs from that of most East Asian patients.
Thylakoid ultrastructural variations in chlorophyll-deficient wheat: aberrations or structural acclimation?
Authors: Aliprandi Elisabetta , Demaria Sara , Colpo Andrea , Brestič Marian , Živčak Marek , Martina Angela , Pancaldi Simonetta , Baldisserotto Costanza , Ferroni Lorenzo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Main conclusion
A structural re-modeling of the thylakoid system, including granum size and regularity, occurs in chlorophyll-deficient wheat mutants affected by photosynthetic membrane over-reduction.

Abstract
In the chloroplast of land plants, the thylakoid system is defined by appressed grana stacks and unstacked stroma lamellae. This study focuses on the variations of the grana organization occurring in outdoor-grown wheat mutants characterized by low chlorophyll content and a tendency for photosynthetic membrane over-reduction. Triticum aestivum ANK-32A and Triticum durum ANDW-7B were compared to their corresponding WT lines, NS67 and LD222, respectively. Electron micrographs of chloroplasts were used to calculate grana ultrastructural parameters. Photosynthetic parameters were obtained by modulated chlorophyll fluorescence and applying Light Curves (LC) and Rapid Light Curves (RLC) protocols. For each photosynthetic parameter, the difference Δ(RLC–LC) was calculated to evaluate the flexible response to light in the examined lines. In the mutants, fewer and smaller disks formed grana stacks characterized by a marked increase in lateral and cross-sectional irregularity, both negatively correlated with the number of layers per granum. A relationship was found between membrane over-reduction and granum structural irregularity. The possible acclimative significance of a greater proportion of stroma-exposed grana domains in relieving the excess electron pressure on PSI is discussed.
A pan-cancer analysis of the oncogenic and immunological roles of transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) in human cancer
Authors: Wu Ruicheng , Li Dengxiong , Zhang Shuxia , Wang Jie , Chen Kai , Tuo Zhouting , Miyamoto Akira , Yoo Koo Han , Wei Wuran , Zhang Chi , Feng Dechao , Han Ping 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
There is currently a limited number of studies on transglutaminase type 1 (TGM1) in tumors. The objective of this study is to perform a comprehensive analysis across various types of cancer to determine the prognostic significance of TGM1 in tumors and investigate its role in the immune environment.

Method
Pan-cancer and mutational data were retrieved from the TCGA database and analyzed using R (version 3.6.4) and its associated software package. The expression difference and prognosis of TGM1 were examined, along with its correlation with tumor heterogeneity, stemness, mutation landscape, and RNA modification. Additionally, the relationship between TGM1 expression and tumor immunity was investigated using the TIMER method.

Results
TGM1 is expressed differently in various tumors and normal samples and is associated with the overall survival and progression-free time of KIRC, ACC, SKCM, LIHC, and STES. In LICH, we found a negative correlation between TGM1 expression and 6 indicators of tumor stemness. The mutation frequencies of BLCA, LIHC, and KIRC were 1.7%, 0.3%, and 0.3% respectively. In BLCA and BRCA, there was a significant correlation between TGM1 expression and the infiltration of CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells.

Conclusion
TGM1 has the potential to serve as both a prognostic marker and a drug target.
N-fertilization and disturbance exert long-lasting complex legacies on subarctic ecosystems
Authors: Manninen Outi H. , Myrsky Eero , Tolvanen Anne , Stark Sari 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSubarctic ecosystems are subjected to increasing nitrogen (N) enrichment and disturbances that induce particularly strong effects on plant communities when occurring in combination. There is little experimental evidence on the longevity of these effects. We applied N-fertilization (40 kg urea-N ha−1 year−1 for 4 years) and disturbance (removal of vegetation and organic soil layer on one occasion) in two plant communities in a subarctic forest-tundra ecotone in northern Finland. Within the first four years, N-fertilization and disturbance increased the share of deciduous dwarf shrubs and graminoids at the expense of evergreen dwarf shrubs. Individual treatments intensified the other’s effect resulting in the strongest increase in graminoids under combined N-fertilization and disturbance. The re-analysis of the plant communities 15 years after cessation of N-fertilization showed an even higher share of graminoids. 18 years after disturbance, the total vascular plant abundance was still substantially lower and the share of graminoids higher. At the same point, the plant community composition was the same under disturbance as under combined N-fertilization and disturbance, indicating that multiple perturbations no longer reinforced the other’s effect. Yet, complex interactions between N-fertilization and disturbance were still detected in the soil. We found higher organic N under disturbance and lower microbial N under combined N-fertilization and disturbance, which suggests a lower bioavailability of N sources for soil microorganisms. Our findings support that the effects of enhanced nutrients and disturbance on subarctic vegetation persist over decadal timescales. However, they also highlight the complexity of plant–soil interactions that drive subarctic ecosystem responses to multiple perturbations across varying timescales.
Large language models and bariatric surgery patient education: a comparative readability analysis of GPT-3.5, GPT-4, Bard, and online institutional resources
Authors: Srinivasan Nitin , Samaan Jamil S. , Rajeev Nithya D. , Kanu Mmerobasi U. , Yeo Yee Hui , Samakar Kamran 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The readability of online bariatric surgery patient education materials (PEMs) often surpasses the recommended 6th grade level. Large language models (LLMs), like ChatGPT and Bard, have the potential to revolutionize PEM delivery. We aimed to evaluate the readability of PEMs produced by U.S. medical institutions compared to LLMs, as well as the ability of LLMs to simplify their responses.

Methods
Responses to frequently asked questions (FAQs) related to bariatric surgery were gathered from top-ranked health institutions. FAQ responses were also generated from GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Bard. LLMs were then prompted to improve the readability of their initial responses. The readability of institutional responses, initial LLM responses, and simplified LLM responses were graded using validated readability formulas. Accuracy and comprehensiveness of initial and simplified LLM responses were also compared.

Results
Responses to 66 FAQs were included. All institutional and initial LLM responses had poor readability, with average reading levels ranging from 9th grade to college graduate. Simplified responses from LLMs had significantly improved readability, with reading levels ranging from 6th grade to college freshman. When comparing simplified LLM responses, GPT-4 responses demonstrated the highest readability, with reading levels ranging from 6th to 9th grade. Accuracy was similar between initial and simplified responses from all LLMs. Comprehensiveness was similar between initial and simplified responses from GPT-3.5 and GPT-4. However, 34.8% of Bard's simplified responses were graded as less comprehensive compared to initial.

Conclusion
Our study highlights the efficacy of LLMs in enhancing the readability of bariatric surgery PEMs. GPT-4 outperformed other models, generating simplified PEMs from 6th to 9th grade reading levels. Unlike GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, Bard’s simplified responses were graded as less comprehensive. We advocate for future studies examining the potential role of LLMs as dynamic and personalized sources of PEMs for diverse patient populations of all literacy levels.
The role of the waste sector in the sustainable development goals and the IPCC assessment reports
Authors: Kopecká Romana , Hrad Marlies , Huber-Humer Marion 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe management of waste plays a pivotal role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations through both direct and indirect linkages. Directly, waste management issues are addressed in four SDGs (6, 11, 12, 14), while landfilling issues are only mentioned in SDG 6 reflecting water quality in connection with waste dumping. However, inadequate management and disposal of waste pose environmental, health and safety risks; thereby undermining more SDGs. Indirectly, waste management and landfilling influence various SDGs ranging from 4 to all 17 SDGs depending on the literature reference.Although not directly addressed in SDG 13 (Climate action), the waste sector contributes to climate change, with the biggest share of greenhouse gases emitted from landfills and waste dumps. According to the latest assessment report by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), waste management—and thereby mainly landfills—are responsible for 64 Mt of CH4 per year worldwide.A waste-related assessment of the IPCC report series from 1990 to 2023 revealed a paradigm shift in the covered waste management strategies, transitioning from conventional technical disposal methods towards holistic approaches that align with the principles of sustainability encapsulated in the SDGs. The focus in the reports moves upwards the “waste management hierarchy”, fostering circular economy. Indirectly, this leads to seemingly less focus on landfills and waste dumps despite their high share of greenhouse gas emissions and particularly their strong representation in low/lower middle-income countries, which is still expected to increase during the next years.
Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) expert opinion/guidance on the use of clinically assisted hydration in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Hayes Jo , Bruera Eduardo , Crawford Gregory , Fleury Mapi , Santos Marcos , Thompson Jo , Davies Andrew 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The provision of clinically assisted hydration (CAH) in patients with advanced cancer is controversial, and there is a paucity of specific guidance and so a diversity in clinical practice. Consequently, the Palliative Care Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) formed a sub-group to develop evidence-based guidance on the use of CAH in patients with advanced cancer.

Methods
This guidance was developed in accordance with the MASCC Guidelines Policy. A search strategy for Medline was developed, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were explored for relevant reviews/trials, respectively.

Results
Due to the paucity of evidence, the sub-group was not able to develop a prescribed guideline, but was able to generate a number of “expert opinion statements”: these statements relate to assessment of patients, indications for CAH, contraindications for CAH, procedures for initiating CAH, and reassessment of patients.

Conclusions
This guidance provides a framework for the use of CAH in advanced cancer, although every patient requires individualised management.
Unsupervised domain adaptation of dynamic extension networks based on class decision boundaries
Authors: Chen Yuanjiao , Wang Diao , Zhu Darong , Xu Zhe , He Bishi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn response to the problems of inaccurate feature alignment, loss of source domain information, imbalanced sample distribution, and biased class decision boundaries in traditional unsupervised domain adaptation methods, this paper proposes a class decision boundary-based dynamic expansion network unsupervised domain adaptation method called CDE-Net. Specifically, our method dynamically expands the autoencoder-based network structure, which can preserve source domain feature information while gradually adapting to the target domain data distribution and learning useful feature information from the target domain. Meanwhile, by minimizing clustering loss and conditional entropy loss, CDE-Net can explore the intrinsic structure of the data and push class decision boundaries away from dense data areas. We experimentally verify our method on three medical image datasets, chest X-rays, intracranial hemorrhage, and mammography, and achieve an average AUC improvement of 25.8% or more compared to non-transfer methods. In addition, we compare our method with previous unsupervised domain adaptation methods, and the experimental results show that our method achieves better classification accuracy and generalization performance.
Mental and physical health in children of women with a history of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Dobrescu Sandra Rydberg , Dinkler Lisa , Gillberg Carina , Gillberg Christopher , Råstam Maria , Wentz Elisabet 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFew studies have investigated the offspring of women with anorexia nervosa (AN). The aim of this study was to examine perinatal status, mental and physical health in the offspring of mothers with a history of AN. Fifty-one individuals with adolescent-onset AN and 51 matched controls (COMP) have been followed prospectively. Presently, 30 years after AN onset, at a mean age of 44 years, female participants who had given birth (nAN = 40, nCOMP = 40) were interviewed regarding psychiatric health in their offspring using the Developmental and Well-Being Assessment and the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. In addition, information on the offspring’s perinatal status, psychiatric- and physical health was obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register and The Swedish National Patient Register. Data regarding mental and physical health were available for 83 and 86 offspring in the AN and COMP groups, respectively. At birth, all of weight, length, head circumference and ponderal index were significantly reduced in the offspring of mothers with a history of AN. In adolescence, parental interviews indicated an overrepresentation of current psychiatric diagnoses in the offspring of mothers with AN. Compared with the offspring in the COMP group, endocrinological, immune and metabolic disorders were much more common in the offspring of the AN group. In conclusion, a history of AN increases the risk of worse perinatal outcome of the offspring. Later on, in childhood and adolescence, psychiatric and physical morbidity may be overrepresented in the offspring of women with AN.
Structural fluctuations in thin cohesive particle layers in powder-based additive manufacturing
Authors: Roy Sudeshna , Xiao Hongyi , Angelidakis Vasileios , Pöschel Thorsten 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProducing dense and homogeneous powder layers with smooth free surface is challenging in additive manufacturing, as interparticle cohesion can strongly affect the powder packing structure and therefore influence the quality of the end product. We use the Discrete Element Method to simulate the spreading process of spherical powders and examine how cohesion influences the characteristics of the packing structure with a focus on the fluctuation of the local morphology. As cohesion increases, the overall packing density decreases, and the free surface roughness increases, which is calculated from digitized surface height distributions. Local structural fluctuations for both quantities are examined through the local packing anisotropy on the particle scale, obtained from Voronoï tessellation. The distributions of these particle-level metrics quantify the increasingly heterogeneous packing structure with clustering and changing surface morphology.
Place attachment, storms, and climate change in the Faroe Islands
Authors: Kongsager Rico , Baron Nina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlobally, people have always had to deal with climate-related hazards, and in the majority of places, they have adapted gradually. However, these gradual adaptations may not be enough to withstand the expected intensity of climate-related hazards in the future. In this paper, our focus is on the effect of storms in the Faroe Islands. The islands are highly exposed to storms, which are projected to increase in intensity and potentially also in frequency in this region. The islands are characterized by being small, remote, and with a rough terrain, which makes it difficult for external actors to provide assistance. As a result, the civilian population—especially in the outer regions—often have to deal with storms and their consequences themselves. The geographical focus in this paper is the Northern Islands, and in particular the communities of Viðareiði and Hvannasund. The approach applied is qualitative, and the central question this paper tries to answer is how aspects of place attachment (social, physical, functional) affect the way in which the local population handle storms. The findings show communities that are impacted by storms, but also that their previous experiences with storms have led to an improved adaptation level, which today enables them to cope with more severe storms. The attachment they have to where they live will assist them in coping with future storms, although it can also be a hindrance to the implementation of the necessary adaptation and preparedness measures, since they presume that they are already safe.
Long-Run Linkages Between us Stock Prices and Cryptocurrencies: A Fractional Cointegration Analysis
Authors: Caporale Guglielmo Maria , de Dios Mazariegos José Javier , Gil-Alana Luis A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper applies fractional integration and cointegration methods to examine respectively the univariate properties of the four main cryptocurrencies in terms of market capitalization (BTC, ETH, USDT, BNB) and of four US stock market indices (S&P500, NASDAQ, Dow Jones and MSCI for emerging markets) as well as the possible existence of long-run linkages between them. Daily data from 9 November 2017 to 28 June 2022 are used for the analysis. The results provide evidence of market efficiency in the case of the cryptocurrencies but not of the stock market indices considered. The results also indicate that in most cases there are no long-run equilibrium relationships linking the assets in question, which implies that cryptocurrencies can be a useful tool for investors to diversify and hedge when required in the case of the US markets.
Bainite Formation in a Carbon-Free Fe–Cr–N System
Authors: König Philip , Lentz Jonathan , Weber Sebastian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn order to promote the understanding of bainitic transformation in nitrogen alloyed steels, the microstructure, transformation kinetics, and diffusion/precipitation characteristics of an isothermally heat-treated carbon-free system Fe–5Cr–N were investigated. Quenching dilatometry was used to perform heat treatments at temperatures between 400 °C and 500 °C and simultaneously receive information about the transformation kinetics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) investigations indicate a plate- to lenticular-like, fully ferritic microstructure with nanometer scale CrN. In order to analyze the diffusion and precipitation behavior of nitrogen, atom probe tomography measurements were performed. On the one hand, nitrogen segregation was found, and on the other hand, the presence of CrN precipitates and preliminary stages of CrN nitrides were validated.
Complex Symmetry of Linear Combinations of Composition Operators on the McCarthy–Bergman Space of Dirichlet Series
Authors: Huang Cheng-shi , Jiang Zhi-jie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe complex symmetric linear combinations of composition operators on the McCarthy–Bergman spaces of Dirichlet series are completely characterized. The normality and self-adjointness of complex symmetric linear combinations of composition operators on such spaces are also characterized. Some images are given in order to find some interesting phenomena of $${\mathcal {J}}$$
J
-symmetric such combinations.
A numerical investigation of the influence of ozone on combustion to improve the performance of spark ignition engines
Authors: D’Amato Marco , Cantiani Antonio , Basso Angelo , Magi Vinicio , Viggiano Annarita 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this work is to exploit the influence of using ozonized air to achieve stable and efficient combustion of lean mixtures in a gasoline-fuelled Spark-Ignition (SI) engine. The influence of ozone on the combustion of near-stoichiometric mixtures, which are typical of SI engines, has also been assessed. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model has been employed to simulate compression, combustion, and expansion of a spark ignition, axisymmetric engine fuelled with iso-octane/air/ozone mixtures. The aim is to assess how ozone improves the engine performance under different engine speeds, ignition timings and equivalence ratios. The model has been validated against experimental data available in the literature. Parametric analyses have been carried out by considering three values of engine speeds (800, 1000 and 1200 rpm), three different ozone concentrations at Intake Valve Closure (IVC) (0, 100 and 200 ppm) and two equivalence ratios (0.9 and 0.7). The results show that ozone enables reactions in the Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) regime, modifies the mixture chemical composition and the auto-ignition tendency. Specifically, for all the cases under examination, the addition of ozone to the air/fuel mixture reduces the combustion duration, leading to an increase in terms of work output and a reduction of the specific fuel consumption. Moreover, the advantage of using ozone is greater for lean mixtures than for near-stoichiometric mixtures. Finally, for the near-stoichiometric cases, when the residence time of the mixture is high enough, auto-ignition occurs in the end gases.