bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tinnitus aurium in persons with normal hearing: 55 years later
Authors: Bo Luca Del , Forti Stella , Ambrosetti Umberto , Serena Costanzo , Mauro Davide , Ugazio Gregorio , Langguth Berthold , Mancuso Antonio 
Published: August 2008

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silence on the appearance of auditory phantom perceptions in normal‐hearing adults, with specific emphasis on the influence of suggestion.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.Subjects and MethodsFifty‐three normal‐hearing young Caucasian adults were subjected to two 4‐minute sessions in an anechoic sound chamber. In the first session the chamber was empty; in the second session the chamber contained a nonfunctioning loudspeaker. At the end of each session, subjects had to indicate which sounds they perceived from a list of 23 different sounds.ResultsWhen the loudspeaker was not present, 83 percent of the participants reported that they experienced at least one sound, and the percentage increased to 92 percent when the loudspeaker was present.ConclusionThese results confirm the emergence of tinnituslike perceptions in a nonclinical population in a silent environment and indicate that suggestive mechanisms play only a minor role in their generation.© 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
2-SYMMETRIC CRITICAL POINT THEOREMS FOR NON-DIFFERENTIABLE FUNCTIONS
Authors: CANDITO PASQUALE , LIVREA ROBERTO , MOTREANU DUMITRU 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper, some min–max theorems for even andC1functionals established by Ghoussoub are extended to the case of functionals that are the sum of a locally Lipschitz continuous, even term and a convex, proper, lower semi-continuous, even function. A class of non-smooth functionals admitting an unbounded sequence of critical values is also pointed out.
INVARIANT SUBMANIFOLDS OF CONTACT (κ, μ)-MANIFOLDS
Authors: MONTANO BENIAMINO CAPPELLETTI , DI TERLIZZI LUIGIA , TRIPATHI MUKUT MANI 
Published: August 2008

AbstractInvariant submanifolds of contact (κ, μ)-manifolds are studied. Our main result is that any invariant submanifold of a non-Sasakian contact (κ, μ)-manifold is always totally geodesic and, conversely, every totally geodesic submanifold of a non-Sasakian contact (κ, μ)-manifold, μ ≠ 0, such that the characteristic vector field is tangent to the submanifold is invariant. Some consequences of these results are then discussed.
APPROXIMATION OF BANACH SPACE VALUED NON-ABSOLUTELY INTEGRABLE FUNCTIONS BY STEP FUNCTIONS
Authors: BONGIORNO B. , DI PIAZZA L. , MUSIAŁ K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe approximation of Banach space valued non-absolutely integrable functions by step functions is studied. It is proved that a Henstock integrable function can be approximated by a sequence of step functions in the Alexiewicz norm, while a Henstock–Kurzweil–Pettis and a Denjoy–Khintchine–Pettis integrable function can be only scalarly approximated in the Alexiewicz norm by a sequence of step functions. In case of Henstock–Kurzweil–Pettis and Denjoy–Khintchine–Pettis integrals the full approximation can be done if and only if the range of the integral is norm relatively compact.
Development of prosodic patterns in Mandarin-learning infants
Authors: CHEN LI-MEI , KENT RAYMOND D. 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTEarly prosodic development (f0 variation) was systematically measured in Mandarin-learning infants at the transition from babbling to producing first words. Spontaneous vocalizations of twenty-four infants aged 0 ; 7 to 1 ; 6 were recorded in 45-minute sessions. The speech production of twenty-four caregivers was also audio-recorded during caregiver–infant natural daily interactions at home. All recordings were transcribed using broad prosodic patterns. Analysis revealed four major findings: (1) falling f0 contours were more prominently produced than level and rising contours; (2) high prosodic patterns occurred more frequently than mid and low prosodic patterns; (3) these distribution patterns of f0 contours showed significant similarities in babbling and early words; and (4) these distribution patterns were also similar in infants' and their caregivers' data.
Korean- and English-speaking children use cross-situational information to learn novel predicate terms
Authors: CHILDERS JANE B. , PAIK JAE H. 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper examines children's attention to cross-situational information during word learning. Korean-speaking children in Korea and English-speaking children in the US were taught four nonce words that referred to novel actions. For each word, children saw four related events: half were shown events that were very similar (Close comparisons), half were shown events that were not as similar (Far comparisons). The prediction was that children would compare events to each other and thus be influenced by the events shown. In addition, children in these language groups could be influenced differently as their verb systems differ. Although some differences were found across language, children in both languages were influenced by the type of events shown, suggesting that they are using a comparison process. Thus, this study provides evidence for comparison, a new mechanism to describe how children learn new action words, and demonstrates that this process could apply across languages.
The prose libretto
Authors: Macdonald Hugh 
Published: August 2008

Before returning to Paris in 1874 after his eventful four-year stay in England, Gounod embarked on a comic opera based on Molière's George Dandin. Recuperating in St Leonard's-on-Sea from a ‘cerebral attack’ he wrote a lengthy Preface, dated 10–11 April 1874, from which the following is drawn:The infinite variety of stress, in prose, offers the musician quite new horizons which will save him from monotony and uniformity. Independence and freedom of pace will then come to terms with observance of the higher laws that govern periodic pulse and the thousand nuances of prosody. Every syllable will then have its own quantity, its own precise weight in truth of expression and accuracy of language. Longs and shorts will not have to make those cruel concessions, those barbarous sacrifices of which composers and singers, it must be admitted, take so little notice. What inexhaustible mines of variety there will be in sung or declaimed phrases, in the duration and intensity of stress, in the proportion and extension of musical periods, extensions which will no longer depend on continual reiteration and repetition but on logical progression and the growth of the germinal idea on which the piece is based […]
Berg's Lulu and theatre of the 1920s
Authors: Simms Bryan R. 
Published: August 2008

As late as April 1928, it appeared unlikely that Berg would choose Frank Wedekind's Lulu plays as the basis of the new opera he was contemplating. By then he had narrowed his search for a libretto to Wedekind's plays and Gerhart Hauptmann's Und Pippa tanzt, and – contrary to the advice of friends such as Theodor Adorno – he was leaning towards Hauptmann. On 26 April he wrote to Arnold Schoenberg:I'm thinking of my new work with the apprehension I feel before every new project. It will probably be Pippa, though Hauptmann's oppressive conditions (including 50% share of the royalties) don't make the work seem very advisable – from the ‘practical’ standpoint.
One halfstep at a time: Tonal transposition and ‘split association’ in Italian opera
Authors: Powers Harold 
Published: August 2008

In a recent number of19th-Century Music, Allan Atlas offered a complex analytical reading of Puccini'sMadama Butterfly, hinging on a pair of keys forming what he called ‘crossed tonal areas’. The tonality G flat major in the second-act trio ‘Io so che alle sue pene’ plays a crucial role in Atlas's reading, and he had to account for the fact that the trio was originally conceived a halfstep higher, in G major, and was so performed at the première in Milan. He asked:can we assign a significant role to the Gbof the trio when it represents not Puccini's original – and presumably well-reasoned – intention, but what might be little more than a compositional accident necessitated by the practicalities of performance, and a specific one – Brescia, May 1904 – at that?And in his footnote 13 to the foregoing, Atlas listed six studies discussing halfstep transpositions, three in Verdi and three more in Puccini.
Fishing regulations, individual discount rate, and fisherman behaviour in a developing country fishery
Authors: AKPALU WISDOM 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTStudies of compliance with fishing regulations have been based on fishery crimes where the offender faces a one-period decision problem of maximizing an expected utility. Moreover, the returns from the crimes are uncertain because the offender may lose them if caught. This paper extends these models by considering a fishery crime that generates a flow of returns until the offender is caught and then punished. Consequently, it incorporates into the existing model the influence of dynamic deterrence in which the discount rate affects violation levels. The predictions of the model are tested on data from an artisanal fishery in Ghana.
Folate and vitamin B12status of women of reproductive age living in Hanoi City and Hai Duong Province of Vietnam
Authors: Hien Vu Thi Thu , Lam Nguyen Thi , Khan Nguyen Cong , Dung Nguyen Tri , Skeaff C Murray , Venn Bernard J , Walmsley Trevor , George Peter M , McLean Judy , Brown Matthew R , Green Timothy J 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the folate and vitamin B12status of a group of Vietnamese women of reproductive age and to estimate the rate of neural tube defects (NTD) based on red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations.Design and subjectsA representative sample of non-pregnant women (15–49 years) living in Hanoi City (n244) and Hai Duong Province (n245).MeasuresRBC folate, plasma vitamin B12and plasma holo-transcobalamin (holoTC), a sensitive indicator of vitamin B12status.ResultsMean (95 % CI) concentrations of RBC folate, plasma B12and plasma holoTC were 856 (837, 876) nmol/l, 494 (475, 513) pmol/l and 78 (74, 82) pmol/l, respectively. Only 3 % and 4 % of women had plasma B12and holoTC concentrations indicative of deficiency. No woman had an RBC folate concentration indicative of deficiency (<317 nmol/l). Only 47 % of women had an RBC folate concentration ≥905 nmol/l. Accordingly, we predict the NTD rate in these regions of Vietnam to be 14·7 (14·2, 15·1) per 10 000 pregnancies.ConclusionThere was no evidence of folate and vitamin B12deficiency among this population of Vietnamese women. However, suboptimal folate status may be placing three out of five women at increased risk of NTD. Reductions in NTD rates are still possible and women would benefit from additional folic acid during the periconceptional period from either supplements or fortified foods.
Use of a questionnaire to assess vitamin D status in young adults
Authors: Bolek-Berquist Jilaine , Elliott Mary E , Gangnon Ronald E , Gemar Dessa , Engelke Jean , Lawrence Susan J , Hansen Karen E 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveWe hypothesized that young adults would commonly have vitamin D deficiency and that a questionnaire could help identify subjects with the condition.DesignBetween January and May 2004, we administered a questionnaire to a convenience sample of young adults. We measured each participant’s serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) using a chemiluminescent assay and defined deficiency as serum 25(OH)D < 16 ng/ml.Setting and subjectsWe recruited young adults living in Madison, Wisconsin without pre-existing conditions affecting vitamin D and/or Ca metabolism.ResultsOne hundred and eighty-four adults (mean age 24 years, 53 % women, 90 % Caucasian) participated in the study. Nearly three in four adults (71 %) had 25(OH)D level <30 ng/ml and 26 % were vitamin D-deficient. In multivariate analysis, persons reporting a suntan (OR = 0·24, 95 % CI 0·09, 0·63, P = 0·004), tanning booth use (OR = 0·09, 95 % CI 0·02, 0·43, P = 0·002) and daily ingestion of two or more servings of milk (OR = 0·21, 95 % CI 0·09, 0·48, P < 0·001) were less likely to be deficient. These three questions provided a sensitivity and specificity of 79 % and 78 %, respectively, for the presence of deficiency.ConclusionsThe questionnaire is moderately useful to identify young adults likely to be vitamin D-deficient. Additional revisions of the questionnaire may improve its ability to predict vitamin D deficiency.
Dietary intake and nutritional adequacy prior to conception and during pregnancy: a follow-up study in the north of Portugal
Authors: Pinto Elisabete , Barros Henrique , Santos Silva Isabel dos 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo assess maternal diet and nutritional adequacy prior to conception and during pregnancy.DesignFollow-up of a cohort of pregnant women with collection of questionnaire data throughout pregnancy and after delivery.SettingAntenatal clinics at two public hospitals in Porto, Portugal.SubjectsTwo hundred and forty-nine pregnant women who reported a gestational age below 13 weeks at the time they attended their first antenatal visit.ResultsIntakes of energy and macronutrients were within recommended levels for most women. Pregnancy was accompanied by increases in the dietary intake of vitamins A and E, riboflavin, folate, Ca and Mg, but declines in the intake of alcohol and caffeine. The micronutrients with higher inadequacy prevalences prior to pregnancy were vitamin E (83 %), folate (58 %) and Mg (19 %). These three micronutrients, together with Fe, were also those with the highest inadequacy prevalences during pregnancy (91 %, 88 %, 73 % and 21 %, respectively, for folate, Fe, vitamin E and Mg). Ninety-seven per cent of the women reported taking supplements of folic acid during the first trimester, but the median gestational age at initiation was 6·5 (interquartile range 5, 9) weeks. Self-reported prevalences of Fe and Mg supplementation were high, and increased throughout pregnancy.ConclusionThe study identified low dietary intakes of vitamin E, folate and Mg both in the preconceptional period and during pregnancy, and low intake of Fe during pregnancy only. The low dietary intake of folate and the late initiation of supplementation indicate that current national guidelines are unlikely to be effective in preventing neural tube defects.
Rome, Maastricht and Amsterdam
Authors: Tzanidaki Johanna D. 
Published: August 2008

AbstarctThe proliferation of European Union law and policies and their impact on Member States appear to be issues very much connected with the future of the political union of Europe. Heritage management practice in Member States is also being affected by legal developments promoted by E.U. institutions. This article attempts to assess the E.U.'s growth of interest in cultural heritage matters as part of a broader political context, which involves issues ranging from economic development to ‘European’ identity. The successful cultural integration of Member States is being pursued by the E.U. on the basis of a common cultural heritage. Does the perceived legal necessity for uniformity in Member State's heritage management pose a danger to the differences and particularities that stem from the diverse pasts in the E.U.?
Virtual Avebury revisited
Authors: Bowden Mark 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn their article ‘Romancing the stones: towards a virtual and elemental Avebury’ (Archaeological dialogues 1998, 5.2, 143–64), Joshua Pollard and Mark Gillings argued that traditional cartography no longer suffices to understand sites like Avebury. In the absence of excavation, new technological possibilities like Virtual Reality and GIS were according to them more than electronic gadgets but genuine alternatives to the usual maps and plans. Mark Bowden takes issues with what he perceives to be exaggerated criticisms of traditional archaeological survey techniques. In particular, he suggests that, far from being ‘sterile’ as Pollard and Gillings state, conventional survey plans are imbued with meaning, and are essential tools of analysis and interpretation. Users of archaeological earthwork plans must study them carefully and be critically aware to get the greatest benefit from them. Innovative new approaches must be pursued vigorously, but well-tested traditional techniques which still have value should not be abandoned lightly, Bowden argues. Pollard and Gillings reply to this challenging criticism.
Validity of Eye Movement Methods and Indices for Capturing Semantic (Associative) Priming Effects
Authors: Odekar Anshula , Hallowell Brooke , Kruse Hans , Moates Danny , Lee Chao-Yang 
Published: August 2008

Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the usefulness of eye movement methods and indices as a tool for studying priming effects by verifying whether eye movement indices capture semantic (associative) priming effects in a visual cross-format (written word to semantically related picture) priming paradigm.

Method
In the stimuli development phase, words semantically associated to an array of pictures were generated based on 100 adults' association data for each picture. A total of 40 additional adult participants with normal language engaged in an eye movement experiment using the word–picture associations developed previously. The design consisted of each prime preceding a display showing 1 high-association (target) and 2 low-association (nontarget) images. Fixation durations, locations, and latencies were measured.

Results
Images semantically related to the prime showed greater fixation durations and shorter latencies compared to nontargets. Eye movement and traditional reaction time measures were found to correlate for some of the experimental conditions.

Conclusions
Results showed that free-viewing eye movement measures, in which participants are not instructed to look at anything in particular, hold promise as valid indicators of priming effects. Further research in this area will help to advance language-processing theories in individuals with and without language impairment.
Lung Volume During Swallowing: Single Bolus Swallows in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Wheeler Hegland Karen M. , Huber Jessica E. , Pitts Teresa , Sapienza Christine M. 
Published: August 2008

Purpose
This study examined the relationship between swallowing and lung volume initiation in healthy adults during single swallows of boluses differing in volume and consistency. Differences in lung volume according to respiratory phase surrounding the swallow were also assessed.

Method
Nine men and 11 women between the ages of 19 and 28 years served as study participants. Lung volume and respiratory phase data were recorded as each participant completed 5 trials each of 10-mL and 20-mL water boluses by cup, and thin and thick paste boluses by spoon, presented in randomized order.

Results
Significant differences in lung volume at swallow initiation were found based on bolus consistency but not on bolus volume. No differences were found for lung volume initiation based on the respiratory phase surrounding the swallow or for the respiratory pattern based on bolus volume or consistency.

Conclusion
Findings of this study extend the existing knowledge base regarding the interaction of the swallow and respiratory systems by identifying targeted lung volumes at swallow initiation. In addition to other swallow-related biomechanical events and respiratory phase relationships surrounding a swallow, the lung volume at swallow initiation may be an important consideration when investigating swallow physiology and physiopathy.
The Use of Tense and Agreement by Hungarian-Speaking Children With Language Impairment
Authors: Lukács ágnes , Leonard Laurence B. , Kas Bence , Pléh Csaba 
Published: August 2008

PurposeHungarian is a null-subject language with both agglutinating and fusional elements in its verb inflection system, and agreement between the verb and object as well as between the verb and subject. These characteristics make this language a good test case for alternative accounts of the grammatical deficits of children with language impairment (LI).MethodTwenty-five children with LI and 25 younger children serving as vocabulary controls (VC) repeated sentences whose verb inflections were masked by a cough. The verb inflections marked distinctions according to tense, person, number, and definiteness of the object.ResultsThe children with LI were significantly less accurate than the VC children but generally showed the same performance profile across the inflection types. For both groups of children, the frequency of occurrence of the inflection in the language was a significant predictor of accuracy level. The two groups of children were also similar in their pattern of errors. Inflections produced in place of the correct inflection usually differed from the correct form on a single dimension (e.g., tense or definiteness), though no single dimension was consistently problematic.ConclusionsAccounts that assume problems specific to agreement do not provide an explanation for the observed pattern of findings. The findings are generally compatible with accounts that assume processing limitations in children with LI, such as the morphological richness account. One nonmorphosyntactic factor (the retention of sequences of sounds) appeared to be functionally related to inflection accuracy and may prove to be important in a language with numerous inflections such as Hungarian.
Outcomes Measurement in Voice Disorders: Application of an Acoustic Index of Dysphonia Severity
Authors: Awan Shaheen N. , Roy Nelson 
Published: August 2008

Purpose
The purpose of this experiment was to assess the ability of an acoustic model composed of both time-based and spectral-based measures to track change following voice disorder treatment and to serve as a possible treatment outcomes measure.

Method
A weighted, four-factor acoustic algorithm consisting of shimmer, pitch sigma, the ratio of low-to-high frequency spectral energy, and a measure of the cepstral peak was used to predict dysphonia severity in pre- and post-treatment vowel samples from 88 women with primary muscle tension dysphonia treated by manual circumlaryngeal therapy. Predicted severity ratings were also compared to mean perceived severity ratings determined by a group of judges.

Results
Predicted severity scores were strongly associated with perceived dysphonia severity ratings for pretreatment, posttreatment, and change in dysphonia severity. Analyses of the agreement between predicted and perceptual severity ratings indicated that the majority of differences were within ± 1 standard deviation from the mean difference. Acoustic predictions of perceived severity were observed to be most accurate for the midportion of the 7-point equal-appearing interval severity scale.

Conclusion
The acoustic model and predicted dysphonia severity scores show promise as a sensitive and objective outcomes measure, even with extremely perturbed pre-treatment voice samples that would be difficult to analyze using traditional time-based perturbation measures.