bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors and outcome of treatment in Perthes’ disease
Authors: Wiig O. , Terjesen T. , Svenningsen S. 
Published: September 2008

This nationwide prospective study was designed to determine prognostic factors and evaluate the outcome of different treatments of Perthes’ disease. A total of 28 hospitals in Norway were instructed to report all new cases of Perthes’ disease over a period of five years and 425 patients were reported and followed for five years. Of these, 368 with unilateral disease were included in the present study. The hips were classified radiologically according to a modified two-group Catterall classification and the lateral pillar classification. A total of 358 patients (97%) attended the five-year follow-up, when a modified three-group Stulberg classification was used as a radiological outcome measure. For patients over six years of age at diagnosis and with more than 50% necrosis of the femoral head (152 patients), the surgeons at the different hospitals had chosen one of three methods of treatment: physiotherapy (55 patients), the Scottish Rite abduction orthosis (26), and proximal femoral varus osteotomy (71). Of these hips, 146 (96%) were available for the five-year follow-up. The strongest predictor of outcome was femoral head involvement of more or less than 50% (odds ratio (OR) = 7.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.82 to 21.37), followed by age at diagnosis (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.99) and the lateral pillar classification (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.98). In children over six years at diagnosis with more than 50% of femoral head necrosis, proximal femoral varus osteotomy gave a significantly better outcome than orthosis (p = 0.001) or physiotherapy (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the physiotherapy and orthosis groups (p = 0.36), and we found no difference in outcome after any of the treatments in children under six years (p = 0.73). We recommend proximal femoral varus osteotomy in children aged six years and over at the time of diagnosis with hips having more than 50% femoral head necrosis. The abduction orthosis should be abandoned in Perthes’ disease.
In vivo local administration of osteogenic protein-1 increases structural properties of the overstretched anterior cruciate ligament with partial midsubstance laceration
Authors: Hayashi R. , Kondo E. , Tohyama H. , Saito T. , Yasuda K. 
Published: September 2008

We report the effects of local administration of osteogenic protein-1 on the biomechanical properties of the overstretched anterior cruciate ligament in an animal model. An injury in the anterior cruciate ligament was created in 45 rabbits. They were divided into three equal groups. In group 1, no treatment was applied, in group II, phosphate-buffered saline was applied around the injured ligament, and in group III, 12.5 μg of osteogenic protein-1 mixed with phosphate-buffered saline was applied around the injured ligament. A control group of 15 rabbits was assembled from randomly-selected injured knees from among the first three groups. Each rabbit was killed at 12 weeks. The maximum load and stiffness of the anterior cruciate ligament was found to be significantly greater in group III than either group 1 (p = 0.002, p = 0.014) or group II (p = 0.032, p = 0.025). The tensile strength and the tangent modulus of fascicles from the ligament were also significantly greater in group III than either group I (p = 0.002, p = 0.0174) or II (p = 0.005, p = 0.022). The application of osteogenic protein-1 enhanced the healing in the injured anterior cruciate ligament, but compared with the control group the treated ligament remained lengthened. The administration of osteogenic protein-1 may have a therapeutic role in treating the overstretched anterior cruciate ligament.
The surgical anatomy of the blood supply to the femoral head
Authors: Grose A. W. , Gardner M. J. , Sussmann P. S. , Helfet D. L. , Lorich D. G. 
Published: September 2008

The inferior gluteal artery is described in standard anatomy textbooks as contributing to the blood supply of the hip through an anastomosis with the medial femoral circumflex artery. The site(s) of the anastomosis has not been described previously. We undertook an injection study to define the anastomotic connections between these two arteries and to determine whether the inferior gluteal artery could supply the lateral epiphyseal arteries alone. From eight fresh-frozen cadaver pelvic specimens we were able to inject the vessels in 14 hips with latex moulding compound through either the medial femoral circumflex artery or the inferior gluteal artery. Injected vessels around the hip were then carefully exposed and documented photographically. In seven of the eight specimens a clear anastomosis was shown between the two arteries adjacent to the tendon of obturator externus. The terminal vessel arising from this anastomosis was noted to pass directly beneath the posterior capsule of the hip before ascending the superior aspect of the femoral neck and terminating in the lateral epiphyseal vessels. At no point was the terminal vessel found between the capsule and the conjoined tendon. The medial femoral circumflex artery receives a direct supply from the inferior gluteal artery immediately before passing beneath the capsule of the hip. Detailed knowledge of this anatomy may help to explain the development of avascular necrosis after hip trauma, as well as to allow additional safe surgical exposure of the femoral neck and head.
Intraoperative mapping of language functions: a longitudinal neurolinguistic analysis
Authors: Ilmberger Josef , Ruge Maximilian , Kreth Friedrich-Wilhelm , Briegel Josef , Reulen Hans-Juergen , Tonn Joerg-Christian 
Published: September 2008

Object
This prospective longitudinally designed study was conducted to evaluate language functions pre- and postoperatively in patients who underwent microsurgical treatment of tumors in close proximity to or within language areas and to detect those patients at risk for a postoperative aphasic disturbance.

Methods
Between 1991 and 2005, 153 awake craniotomies with subsequent cortical mapping of language functions were performed in 149 patients. Language functions were assessed using a standardized test battery. Risk factors were obtained from multivariate logistic regression models.

Results
Language mapping was able to be performed in all patients, and complete tumor resection was achieved in 48.4%. Within 21 days after surgery a new language deficit (aphasic disturbance) was observed in 41 (32%) of the 128 cases without preoperative deficits. There were a total of 60 cases involving postoperative aphasic disturbances, including cases both with and without preoperative disturbances. Risk factors for postoperative aphasic disturbance were preoperative aphasia (p < 0.0002), intraoperative complications (p < 0.02), language-positive sites within the tumor (p < 0.001), and nonfrontal lesion location (p < 0.001). In patients without a preoperative deficit, a normal (yet submaximal) naming performance was a powerful predictor for an early postoperative aphasic disturbance (p < 0.0003). Seven months after treatment 10.9% of the 128 cases without preoperative aphasic disturbances continued to demonstrate new postoperative language disturbances. A total of 17.6% of all cases demonstrated new postoperative language disturbances after 7 months. Risk factors for persistent aphasic disturbance were increased age (> 40 years, p < 0.02) and preoperative aphasia (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Every attempt should be undertaken to preserve language-relevant areas intraoperatively, even when they are located within the tumor. New postoperative deficits resolve in the majority of patients, which may be a result of cortical mapping as well as functional reorganization.
Correlation of intrinsic optical signal, cerebral blood flow, and evoked potentials during activation of rat somatosensory cortex
Authors: Haglund Michael M. , Meno Joseph R. , Hochman Daryl W. , Ngai Al C. , Winn H. Richard 
Published: September 2008

Object
This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the intrinsic optical signal could be dissociated by altering adenosine receptor activity and to uncover the origin of the optic signal using a cranial window in the anesthetized rat.

Methods
In anesthetized, ventilated, and temperature-controlled rats with closed cranial windows, the authors evaluated simultaneously the alterations in pial arteriolar diameter, intrinsic optical signals (690 nm), and somatosensory evoked potentials during cortical activation evoked by contralateral sciatic nerve stimulation (SNS). To dissociate the vascular and intrinsic signal, they topically applied the adenosine receptors antagonists theophylline (5 μM), which affects A1 and A2A receptors, and 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (CPX, 1 μM), which blocks the A1 receptor. The former interacts primarily with the vasculature whereas the latter influences the parenchyma exclusively.

Results
During 20 seconds of contralateral SNS, pial arterioles in the hindlimb somatosensory cortex dilated in a characteristic peak and shoulder pattern. As compared with mock cerebrospinal fluid alone, theophylline significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated SNS-induced vasodilation (mean ± standard deviation 8.1 ± 2.5% vs 21.7 ± 1.9%; 4 rats in each group). In contrast, CPX potentiated vasodilation significantly (p < 0.05) during SNS (54.7 ± 15.8% for the CPX group vs 20.1 ± 1.9% for the controls; 5 rats in each group).
The change in optical signal persisted after cessation of SNS in all the animals. Thus, the pattern of change of the optical signal was distinctly different from the pattern of changes in arteriolar diameter (which returned rapidly to baseline). Moreover, the optical signal during SNS was increased by 50% by theophylline and by almost 5-fold by CPX (p < 0.05). The area of change of the intrinsic signal was also increased by the topical application of theophylline and CPX.
The somatosensory evoked potential recordings revealed no significant changes after theophylline application, but CPX caused a small diminution of the N1 wave (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
The noncongruent temporal profiles of the changes in pial arteriolar diameter and optical signal, imaged at 690 nm, indicate that the optical signal at 690 nm is not related to CBF. Alteration of adenosine receptor activity independently changed cortical activity, as measured by the optical signal, and CBF, as determined by pial arteriolar diameter. Manipulation of the adenosine receptor activity during increased cortical activity confirmed the temporal dissociation of optical signal and CBF and provided further evidence for the role of adenosine in regulating CBF.
Neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin on acute metabolic and pathological changes in experimentally induced neurotrauma
Authors: Hartley Chad E. , Varma Madhu , Fischer John P. , Riccardi Richard , Strauss Judith A. , Shah Sejal , Zhang Shengle , Yang Zhong-Jin 
Published: September 2008

Object
Head trauma is a dynamic process characterized by a cascade of metabolic and molecular events. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Acute in vivo mechanisms and pathological changes associated with EPO following TBI are unknown. In this study the authors compare acute metabolic and pathological changes following TBI with and without systemically administered EPO.

Methods
Right frontal lobe microdialysis cannulae and right parietal lobe percussion hubs were inserted into 16 Sprague–Dawley rats. After a 4- to 5-day recovery, TBI was induced via a DragonFly fluid-percussion device at 2.5–2.8 atm. Rats were randomized into 2 groups, which received 5000 U/kg EPO or normal saline intraperitoneally 30 minutes after TBI. Microdialysis samples for glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glutamate were obtained every 25 minutes for 10 hours. Rats were killed, their brains processed for light microscopy, and sections stained with H & E.

Results
Erythropoietin administered 30 minutes after TBI directly affects acute brain metabolism. Brains treated with EPO maintain higher levels of glucose 4–10 hours after TBI (p < 0.01), lower levels of lactate 6–10 hours after TBI (p < 0.01), and lower levels of pyruvate 7.5–10 hours after TBI (p < 0.01) compared with saline-treated controls. Erythropoietin maintains aerobic metabolism after TBI. Systemic EPO administration reduces acute TBI-induced lesion volume (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Following TBI, neuron use initially increases, with subsequent depletion of extracellular glucose, resulting in increased levels of extracellular lactate and pyruvate. This energy requirement can result in cell death due to increased metabolic demands. These data suggest that the neuroprotective effect of EPO may be partially due to improved energy metabolism in the acute phase in this rat model of TBI.
Organization of firm networks: Five critical points for empirical analysis
Authors: Zylbersztajn Decio 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Network theory has continued to evolve in recent years, but empirical studies are still lagging behind. Complex hybrid forms, meanwhile, are actually being structured in the real world of organizations, leaving a gap to be filled by theoretical and applied research. On the theoretical side some consolidation is necessary, and on the empirical side a research agenda has yet to be properly developed. This paper introduces and analyzes the dyadic perspective and the social embeddedness of networks. It offers a critical analysis challenging the radical social perspective. In addition, the paper introduces the possibility of observing trustless networks and adds six empirical questions in the format of a research agenda.
How to manage a long-term buyer-supplier relationship successfully? The impact of network information on long-term buyer-supplier relationships in the Dutch potted plant and flower industry
Authors: Claro Danny Pimentel , Zylbersztajn D. , (Onno) Omta S.W.F. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Recently, scholars have suggested that to understand fully the nature of a dyadic relationship, greater attention must be directed to the network context. In this study we drew on emerging perspectives on inter-firm governance and networks to develop a theoretical framework to understand the successful governance of long-term buyer-supplier relationships. In order to test the research framework, we conducted a survey among 174 merchant distributors (buyers) and 67 growers (suppliers) in the Dutch potted plant and flower industry. In the estimated models, we found several positive impacts of the information obtained from the business network on the dimensions of relationship management, and ultimately performance, both in terms of operations as well as finance. The results of this study support our rationale that the business network compensates for the information asymmetry assumed in transaction cost economics. Although there are several similarities in our findings, buyers and suppliers use clearly different information strategies to achieve success. While the most successful distributors tend to take the ‘hard’, tangible approach using transaction-specific investments and fostering joint action, the successful growers take the ‘soft’, social approach by putting emphasis on norms of flexibility in the relationship. Managers may use these findings to check the adequacy of their business networks and their approach to relationship management.
Ten conversations about identity preservation
Authors: Goldsmith Peter , Bender Karen 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Dynamics in the global food system, along with a cascade of technologies, drive demands for capturing information and sharing information vertically within the supply chain. Food safety, genetic engineering, and animal welfare all have contributed to the need for enhanced information flow within the supply chain. Identity preservation in grains and oilseeds is an emerging issue that may influence the structure of agriculture in the longer term.
This research addresses the following questions. While demand for high-information grains appears to be growing, where and how along the supply chain is the value created and captured? Though it appears that the economy demands ever-increasing amounts of differentiation, why do opportunities for producers and life science companies to create and capture significant new sources of value remain elusive?
To answer these questions needs assessments were conducted with grain procurement executives. Their responses reveal the “buyer’s calculus” where buyers balance investment in specific relationship assets with the market uplift or risk mitigation return it generates. Buying from a competitively structured industry has numerous benefits. There is a “cost” or tradeoff leaving the spot market procurement model in favor of a relationship-based model; hence the calculus. The current equilibrium state reflects the current risk-adjusted value proposition suppliers deliver to end users.
Though end-user benefits are on the horizon with the next generation of biotechnologies, their emergence is insufficient to guarantee farmers and life science greater returns. End users will always balance the risk mitigation and market uplift features of a supply offering with the risks of narrowing their supply base. To drive value up the chain, suppliers need to shift away from focusing solely on the products of the future and focus on the technologies, delivery systems, and organizational models that, when bundled with new products solve problems and make end users more competitive.
The organization of transactions: research with the Trust and Tracing game
Authors: Meijer Sebastiaan , Hofstede Gert Jan , (Onno) Omta S.W.F. , Beers George 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This paper presents empirical results of research on the influence of social aspects on the organization of transactions in the domain of chains and networks. The research method used was a gaming simulation called the Trust and Tracing game in which participants trade commodity goods with a hidden quality attribute. Previous sessions of this gaming simulation identified a list of variables for further investigation (Meijer et al., 2006). The use of gaming simulation as data gathering tool for quantitative research in supply chains and networks is a proof-of-principle. This paper shows results from 27 newly conducted sessions and previously unused data from 3 older sessions. Tests confirmed the use of network and market modes of organization. Pre-existing social relations influenced the course of the action in the sessions. Being socially embedded was not beneficial for the score on the performance indicators money and points. The hypothesized reduction in measurable transaction costs when there was high trust between the participants could not be found. Further analysis revealed that participants are able to suspect cheats in a session based on other factors than tracing. Testing hypotheses with data gathered in a gaming simulation proved feasible. Experiences with the methodology used are discussed.
Network analyses to catch rural complexity
Authors: De Rosa Marcello , Sabbatini Massimo , Spigola Massimo 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This paper introduces a network analysis aimed at analysing the local actors’ degree of participation in performing rural development. Recent rural development policies designed an integrated model of development which promotes strong participation and relationships among local actors. This so-called ‘bottom-up’ approach hands over to local actors the responsibility for planning their own development: Local Action Groups, working within the European Community LEADER initiative are delegated to plan local development. The design of these plans is strongly affected by the asymmetric distribution of power among potentially involved organisations. In our opinion network analyses are particularly suitable for examining the quality of ties in rural areas and the degree of participation of all actors in building rural development strategies.
Hierarchical Self‐Organization of Nanomaterials into Two‐Dimensional Arrays Using Functional Polymer Scaffold
Authors: Nurmawati Muhammad Hanafiah , Ajikumar Parayil Kumaran , Renu Ravindranath , Valiyaveettil Suresh 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFabrication of two and three‐dimensional nanostructures requires the development of new methodologies for the assembly of molecular/macromolecular objects on substrates in predetermined arrangements. Templated self‐assembly approach is a powerful strategy for the creation of materials from assembly of molecular components or nanoparticles. The present study describes the development of a facile, template directed self‐assembly of (metal/organic) nanomaterials into periodic micro‐ and nanostructures. The positioning and the organization of nanomaterials into spatially well‐defined arrays were achieved using an amphiphilic conjugated polymer‐aided, self‐organization process. Arrays of honeycomb patterns formed from conjugated C12PPPOH film with homogenous distribution of metal/organic nanomaterials. Our approach offers a straightforward and inexpensive method of preparation for hybrid thin films without environmentally controlled chambers or sophisticated instruments as compared to multistep micro‐fabrication techniques.
Acquired iron overload associated with antitransferrin monoclonal immunoglobulin: A case report
Authors: Forni Gian Luca , Girelli Domenico , Lamagna Martina , Mori Marco , Marinaro Eugenio , Campostrini Natascia , Carrara Paola , Maffei Massimo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe describe a patient with an unusual combination of hypersideremia (700 μg/dL), hypertransferrinemia (570 mg/dL), hyperferritinemia (800 μg/L), and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), in which the monoclonal immunoglobulin showed specific transferrin‐binding activity. Liver histology revealed hepatic iron overload, prominent in periportal hepatocytes, suggesting intestinal iron hyperabsorption. We demonstrate that low urinary hepcidin, likely due to impaired iron delivery to erythroid cells via the transferrin cycle pathway over time, may be the mechanism for iron loading. We suggest that MGUS associated with monoclonal antibodies with antitransferrin activity should be added to the list of acquired causes of hemochromatosis. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxygenation of aromatic hydrocarbons with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by rhodium carbonyl complexes
Authors: Shul'pin Georgiy B. , Muratov Dmitriy V. , Shul'pina Lidia S. , Kudinov Aleksandr R. , Strelkova Tatyana V. , Petrovskiy Pavel V. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHexanuclear rhodium carbonyl cluster, Rh6(CO)16, catalyzes benzene hydroxylation with hydrogen peroxide in acetonitrile solution. Phenol and (at lower concentration) quinone are formed with the maximum attained total yield and turnover number 17% and 683, respectively. Certain other rhodium carbonyl complexes, containing cyclopentadienyl ligands, Rh2Cp2(CO)3 and Rh3(CpMe)3(CO)3, are less efficient catalysts. Cyclopentadienyl derivatives of rhodium which do not contain the carbonyl ligands, Rh(CpMe5)(CH2CH2)2, RhCp(cyclooctatetraene) and Rh2Cp2(cyclooctatetraene) turned out to be absolutely inactive in the benzene hydroxylation. Styrene is transformed into benzaldehyde and (at lower concentration) acetophenone and 1‐phenylethanol. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.