bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
800 Increased Incidence of Intraoperative Hypothermia in Burn Patients Administered Famotidine Preoperatively
Authors: Bingi Sai Pranathi , Jilani Taha , Free John , Pang Alan , Griswold John A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Interoperative hypothermia is a surgical complication that can result in a variety of adverse intraoperative and postoperative outcomes such as cardiovascular events, infection, and hemorrhage. Burn patients are especially at risk of hypothermia due to prolonged surface exposure and impaired skin thermoregulation. The stress and metabolic demands caused by burn injuries further impair the body’s thermoregulatory responses. Famotidine, a widely used H2 receptor antagonist, is administered preoperatively to prevent stress ulcers in patients undergoing surgery with general anesthesia. Previous studies have shown that Famotidine can decrease core temperature through central thermoregulation. However, other studies provide conflicting results. As burn patients are especially at risk of interoperative hypothermia, it is important to study the role of famotidine in producing intraoperative hypothermia in these patients under general anesthesia.

Methods
To answer this question, we conducted a retrospective study using the electronic medical records of Burn Intensive Care Unit patients. Patients were matched based on demographic criteria such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and race. We defined intraoperative hypothermia as a decrease in core body temperature below 36.5 degrees Celsius during a surgical procedure.

Results
When comparing groups using a chi-squared test of independence, we found that patients who received famotidine preoperatively (n = 58) had a higher incidence of interoperative hypothermia versus those that did not receive famotidine preoperatively (n = 137). The statistical significance of this incidence was higher when excluding BMIs of greater than 30 (p = 0.002) versus greater than 35 (p = 0.009) or greater than 40 (p = 0.065).

Conclusions
The observed relationship between patients who received famotidine preoperatively and interoperative hypothermia is stronger when excluding patients with a BMI greater than 30 versus excluding patients with a BMI greater than 40. This relationship may be due to the fact that those with higher BMIs are less likely to develop hypothermia, overcoming the physiological effect that famotidine creates.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Given the relationship between thermoregulation and potential mortality, there is a clear motivation to reduce hypothermia in burn patients to improve patient outcomes. In fact, hypothermia increases the risk of infection, which is a major cause of mortality in burn patients. Since Famotidine was shown to increase the incidence of intraoperative hypothermia under general anesthesia, we suggest a safer option be explored.
Radiation-influenced magnetohydrodynamic third-grade nanofluid flow around non-linearly stretched cylinder
Authors: Akbar Asia Ali , Awan Aziz Ullah , Niazai Shafiullah , Nadeem Sohail , Ahammad N Ameer , Alroobaea Roobaea , Alzubadi Hanadi , Gamaoun Fehmi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This analysis considers the magnetized third-grade fluid stream and microorganisms over a non-linear stretchy cylinder. The radiation impacts are taken into consideration. The effects of the governing flow at the cylinder are represented in the form of PDEs employing boundary layer approximations. The system of the PDEs is further reduced in dimensionless form after applying the similarity transformations. The dimensionless system of non-linear ODEs is solved through the numerical technique bvp4c. The effects of radiation and magnetism on the third-grade liquid over a non-linear extending cylinder are highlighted in graphs and numerically in tabular form. The influence of fluid variables on the velocity curve, such as third-grade parameters, second-grade coefficients, and Reynolds number, is illustrated and explored. Suitable ranges for the parameters $( {1 \le \eta \le 10,\ 0.2 \le {{\alpha }_1} \le 0.5,\ 0 \le {{\alpha }_1} \le 1.5,\ 0.1 \le \beta \le 0.3,\ 0.1 \le \gamma \le 1.6,\ 0.05 \le M \le 0.15,\ 0.5 \le \delta \le 2.0,\ 0.7 \le Pr \le 1.3,\ 0.1 \le Rd \le 0.4,0.1 \le}$ ${e \le 0.4} )$ are chosen depending upon the convergence of the numerical method. The widths of the velocity and momentum boundary layers are revealed to be increasing functions of the curvature parameter. The temperature curve declines when boosting third-grade parameters, thermal stratification, and Hartmann number while boosting up for curvature and radiation parameters.
Genomic diversity and demographic history of the endangered Sichuan hill-partridge (Arborophila rufipectus)
Authors: Liu Yi , Kuang Weimin , Yue Bisong , Zhou Chuang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Species conservation can be improved by knowledge of genetic diversity and demographic history. The Sichuan hill-partridge (Arborophila rufipectus, SP) is an endangered species endemic to the mountains in southwestern China. However, little is known about this species’ genomic variation and demographic history. Here, we present a comprehensive whole-genome analysis of six SP individuals from the Laojunshan National Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province, China. We observe a relatively high genetic diversity and low level of recent inbreeding in the studied SP individuals. This suggests that the current population carries genetic variability that may benefit the long-term survival of this species, and that the present population may be larger than currently recognized. Analyses of demographic history showed that fluctuations in the effective population size of SP are inconsistent with changes of the historical climate. Strikingly, evidence from demographic modeling suggests SPs population decreased dramatically 15,100 years ago after the Last Glacial Maximum, possibly due to refugial isolation and later human interference. These results provide the first detailed and comprehensive genomic insights into genetic diversity, genomic inbreeding levels, and demographic history of the Sichuan hill-partridge, which are crucial for the conservation and management of this endangered species.
Teaching children pedestrian safety in virtual reality via smartphone: a noninferiority randomized clinical trial
Authors: Schwebel David C , Johnston Anna , McDaniel Dominique , Severson Joan , He Yefei , McClure Leslie A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate whether child pedestrian safety training in a smartphone-based virtual reality (VR) environment is not inferior to training in a large, semi-immersive VR environment with demonstrated effectiveness.

Methods
Five hundred 7- and 8-year-old children participated; 479 were randomized to one of two conditions: Learning to cross streets in a smartphone-based VR or learning in a semi-immersive kiosk VR. The systems used identical virtual environments and scenarios. At baseline, children’s pedestrian skills were assessed in both VR systems and through a vehicle approach estimation task (judging speed/distance of oncoming traffic on monitor). Training in both conditions comprised at least six 30-min sessions in the randomly assigned VR platform and continued for up to 25 visits until adult-level proficiency was obtained. Following training and again 6 months later, children completed pedestrian safety assessments identical to baseline. Three outcomes were considered from assessments in each VR platform: Unsafe crossings (collisions plus close calls), time to contact (shortest time between child and oncoming simulated traffic), and missed opportunities (unselected safe opportunities to cross).

Results
Participants achieved adult-level street-crossing skill through VR training. Training in a smartphone-based VR system was generally not inferior to training in a large semi-immersive VR system. There were no adverse effects.

Conclusions
Seven- and 8-year-old children can learn pedestrian safety through VR-based training, including training in a smartphone-based VR system. Combined with recent meta-analytic results, the present findings support broad implementation and dissemination of child pedestrian safety training through VR, including smartphone-based VR systems.
Hysteroscopic management of complete septate uterus with septate cervix, and longitudinal vaginal septum: a case report
Authors: Ahmed Nahida Hama Ameen , Sabr Nasren Sharef , Bapir Rawa , Hiwa Dilan S , Hasan Ali H , Salih Rawezh Q , Tahir Soran H , Abdalla Berun A , Othman Snur , Kakamad Fahmi H 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Mullerian anomalies occur as a result of errors during embryogenesis. The estimated incidence of these anomalies is around 1% in the general population and 3% in women complaining of suboptimal reproductive outcomes and infertility. A 21-year-old female patient was referred to our hospital due to primary infertility for 18 months. After a proper history, physical examination and further diagnostic steps, including ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, a diagnosis of complete septate uterus with septate cervix and longitudinal vaginal septum was made. Following hysteroscopic resection of all the septa and two cycles of ovulation induction, the patient was able to conceive. However, she needed cervical cerclage later due to cervical insufficiency. The baby was delivered at term and was healthy. A uterine, cervical and longitudinal vaginal septum is a unique entity of Mullerian anomalies. Resection of all septa through a hysteroscopic approach resulted in a good outcome for our patient.
Oligometastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma to the spleen and ovaries
Authors: Heath Lucienne , Novis Elan , Rabindran Joel , van Laar Veth Alexander , Yang Tao , Barnet Megan B , Gett Rohan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the context of colorectal cancer, splenic and ovarian metastases are rare outside of widely disseminated disease. Growing evidence suggests that ‘oligometastatic’ or limited metastatic disease can be treated surgically with good oncological outcomes. Splenic and ovarian metastases are not well represented in studies of oligometastatic colorectal cancer, resulting in uncertainty in the best management for these patients. We present the case of a 78-year-old woman diagnosed with oligometastatic colorectal cancer to bilateral ovaries and spleen, 5 years after resection of a primary colon cancer. The patient was treated with a bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy and subsequent open splenectomy. We discuss the role of surgery and peri-operative chemotherapy in the management of oligometastatic colorectal cancer involving atypical sites.
Distribution and recovery phase of geomagnetic storms during solar cycles 23 and 24
Authors: Mishra Wageesh , Sahani Preity Sukla , Khuntia Soumyaranjan , Chakrabarty Dibyendu 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and Stream Interaction Regions (SIRs) are the main drivers of intense geomagnetic storms. We study the distribution of geomagnetic storms associated with different drivers during solar cycles 23 and 24 (1996–2019). Although the annual occurrence rate of geomagnetic storms in both cycles tracks the sunspot cycle, the second peak in storm activity lags the second sunspot peak. SIRs contribute significantly to the second peak in storm numbers in both cycles, particularly for moderate to stronger-than-moderate storms. We note semiannual peaks in storm numbers much closer to equinoxes for moderate storms, and slightly shifted from equinoxes for intense and stronger-than-intense storms. We note a significant fraction of multiple-peak storms in both cycles due to isolated ICMEs/SIRs, while single-peak storms from multiple interacting drivers, suggesting a complex relationship between storm steps and their drivers. Our study focuses on investigating the recovery phases of geomagnetic storms and examining their dependencies on various storm parameters. Multiple-peak storms in both cycles have recovery phase duration strongly influenced by slow and fast decay phases with no correlation with the main phase build-up rate and Dst peak. However, the recovery phase in single-peak storms for both cycles depends to some extent on the main phase build-up rate and Dst peak, in addition to slow and fast decay phases. Future research should explore recovery phases of single and multiple-peak storms incorporating in situ solar wind observations for a deeper understanding of storm evolution and decay processes.
Revealing H2O dissociation in WASP-76 b through combined high- and low-resolution transmission spectroscopy
Authors: Gandhi Siddharth , Landman Rico , Snellen Ignas , Welbanks Luis , Madhusudhan Nikku , Brogi Matteo 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Numerous chemical constraints have been possible for exoplanetary atmospheres thanks to high-resolution spectroscopy (HRS) from ground-based facilities as well as low-resolution spectroscopy (LRS) from space. These two techniques have complementary strengths, and hence combined HRS and LRS analyses have the potential for more accurate abundance constraints and increased sensitivity to trace species. In this work, we retrieve the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-76 b, using high-resolution CARMENES/CAHA (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exoearths with Near-infrared and optical Échelle Spectrographs) and low-resolution Hubble Space Telescope’s (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) and Spitzer observations of the primary eclipse. As such, hot planets are expected to have a substantial fraction of H2O dissociated, we conduct retrievals including both H2O and OH. We explore two retrieval models, one with self-consistent treatment of H2O dissociation and another where H2O and OH are vertically homogeneous. Both models constrain H2O and OH, with H2O primarily detected by LRS and OH through HRS, highlighting the strengths of each technique and demonstrating the need for combined retrievals to fully constrain chemical compositions. We see only a slight preference for the H2O-dissociation model given that the photospheric constraints for both are very similar, indicating $\log (\mathrm{OH/H_2O}) = 0.7^{+0.3}_{-0.3}$ at 1.5 mbar, showing that the majority of the H2O in the photosphere is dissociated. However, the bulk O/H and C/O ratios inferred from the models differs significantly, and highlights the challenge of constraining bulk compositions from photospheric abundances with strong vertical chemical gradients. Further observations with JWST and ground-based facilities may help shed more light on these processes.
hayate: photometric redshift estimation by hybridizing machine learning with template fitting
Authors: Tanigawa Shingo , Glazebrook K , Jacobs C , Labbe I , Qin A K 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Machine learning photo-z methods, trained directly on spectroscopic redshifts, provide a viable alternative to traditional template-fitting methods but may not generalize well on new data that deviates from that in the training set. In this work, we present a Hybrid Algorithm for WI(Y)de-range photo-z estimation with Artificial neural networks and TEmplate fitting (hayate), a novel photo-z method that combines template fitting and data-driven approaches and whose training loss is optimized in terms of both redshift point estimates and probability distributions. We produce artificial training data from low-redshift galaxy spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at z &lt; 1.3, artificially redshifted up to z = 5. We test the model on data from the ZFOURGE surveys, demonstrating that hayate can function as a reliable emulator of eazy for the broad redshift range beyond the region of sufficient spectroscopic completeness. The network achieves precise photo-z estimations with smaller errors (σNMAD) than eazy in the initial low-z region (z &lt; 1.3), while being comparable even in the high-z extrapolated regime (1.3 &lt; z &lt; 5). Meanwhile, it provides more robust photo-z estimations than eazy with the lower outlier rate ($\eta _{0.2}\lesssim 1~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) but runs ∼100 times faster than the original template-fitting method. We also demonstrate hayate offers more reliable redshift probability density functions, showing a flatter distribution of Probability Integral Transform scores than eazy. The performance is further improved using transfer learning with spec-z samples. We expect that future large surveys will benefit from our novel methodology applicable to observations over a wide redshift range.
Biochemical and structural characterization of Fapy•dG replication by Human DNA polymerase β
Authors: Gao Shijun , Oden Peyton N , Ryan Benjamin J , Yang Haozhe , Freudenthal Bret D , Greenberg Marc M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
N6-(2-deoxy-α,β-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamido-pyrimidine (Fapy•dG) is formed from a common intermediate and in comparable amounts to the well-studied mutagenic DNA lesion 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OxodGuo). Fapy•dG preferentially gives rise to G → T transversions and G → A transitions. However, the molecular basis by which Fapy•dG is processed by DNA polymerases during this mutagenic process remains poorly understood. To address this we investigated how DNA polymerase β (Pol β), a model mammalian polymerase, bypasses a templating Fapy•dG, inserts Fapy•dGTP, and extends from Fapy•dG at the primer terminus. When Fapy•dG is present in the template, Pol β incorporates TMP less efficiently than either dCMP or dAMP. Kinetic analysis revealed that Fapy•dGTP is a poor substrate but is incorporated ∼3-times more efficiently opposite dA than dC. Extension from Fapy•dG at the 3′-terminus of a nascent primer is inefficient due to the primer terminus being poorly positioned for catalysis. Together these data indicate that mutagenic bypass of Fapy•dG is likely to be the source of the mutagenic effects of the lesion and not Fapy•dGTP. These experiments increase our understanding of the promutagenic effects of Fapy•dG.
Sex differences in chronic kidney disease–related complications and mortality across levels of glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Lombardi Gianmarco , Ferraro Pietro Manuel , De Tomi Elisa , Bargagli Matteo , Spasiano Andrea , Gambaro Giovanni 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health concern. Recent research has indicated sex disparities in CKD-related complications, yet the impact of sex differences on critical kidney function levels that trigger these complications and mortality remains inadequately documented.

Methods
We investigated sex-specific disparities in CKD-related complications and mortality according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels. We analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data spanning from 1999 to 2018, including adult participants with an eGFR of 15–150 mL/min/1.73 m2. The outcomes were CKD-related complications [hypertension, anaemia, cardiovascular (CV) diseases, acidosis, hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism] and all-cause and cause-specific mortality (CV mortality and non-CV mortality). Sex-stratified multivariable logistic and Cox regression models yielded odds ratios and hazard ratios for the relationship between eGFR categories and outcomes. Sex-stratified natural splines were used to explore the relationship between continuous eGFR and outcomes and identified eGFR thresholds of statistical significance.

Results
The study included 49 558 participants (50.3% women, 49.7% men). Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated a significant eGFR association with all CKD-related complications, exhibiting a linear trend across eGFR categories. Modelling eGFR as a natural spline revealed varied significance thresholds between sexes for anaemia and hyperparathyroidism. Additionally, the eGFR–hyperphosphatemia association was more pronounced in men. We observed substantial but not statistically significant differences between men and women in the thresholds of statistical significance for CV (significance appeared at a higher eGFR in men) and non-CV mortality (significance appeared at a higher eGFR in women).

Conclusions
Research shows sex disparities in most CKD-related complications. Men develop anaemia and hyperparathyroidism earlier; women show a steeper anaemia increase. Men have higher CV mortality risk. As eGFR decreased, men faced a higher risk of CV mortality at a higher eGFR threshold than women.
2-Step Scores with optional nephropathology for the prediction of adverse outcomes for brain-dead donor kidneys in Eurotransplant
Authors: Ernst Angela , Regele Heinz , Chatzikyrkou Christos , Dendooven Amélie , Turkevi-Nagy Sándor , Tieken Ineke , Oberbauer Rainer , Reindl-Schwaighofer Roman , Abramowicz Daniel , Hellemans Rachel , Massart Annick , Ljubanovic Danica Galesic , Senjug Petar , Maksimovic Bojana , Aßfalg Volker , Neretljak Ivan , Schleicher Christina , Clahsen-van Groningen Marian , Kojc Nika , Ellis Carla L , Kurschat Christine E , Lukomski Leandra , Stippel Dirk , Ströhlein Michael , Scurt Florian G , Roelofs Joris J , Kers Jesper , Harth Ana , Jungck Christian , Eccher Albino , Prütz Isabel , Hellmich Martin , Vasuri Francesco , Malvi Deborah , Arns Wolfgang , Becker Jan U 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
The decision to accept or discard the increasingly rare and marginal brain-dead donor kidneys in Eurotransplant (ET) countries has to be made without solid evidence. Thus, we developed and validated flexible clinicopathological scores called 2-Step Scores for the prognosis of delayed graft function (DGF) and 1-year death-censored transplant loss (1y-tl) reflecting the current practice of six ET countries including Croatia and Belgium.

Methods
The training set was n = 620 for DGF and n = 711 for 1y-tl, with validation sets n = 158 and n = 162, respectively. In Step 1, stepwise logistic regression models including only clinical predictors were used to estimate the risks. In Step 2, risk estimates were updated for statistically relevant intermediate risk percentiles with nephropathology.

Results
Step 1 revealed an increased risk of DGF with increased cold ischaemia time (CIT), donor and recipient body mass index, dialysis vintage, number of HLA-DR mismatches or recipient cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G positivity. On the training and validation set, c-statistics were 0.672 and 0.704, respectively. At a range between 18% and 36%, accuracy of DGF-prognostication improved with nephropathology including number of glomeruli and Banff cv (updated overall c-statistics of 0.696 and 0.701, respectively). Risk of 1y-tl increased in recipients with CIT, sum of HLA-A, -B, -DR mismatches, and donor age. On training and validation sets, c-statistics were 0.700 and 0.769, respectively. Accuracy of 1y-tl prediction improved (c-statistics = 0.706 and 0.765) with Banff ct. Overall, calibration was good on the training, but moderate on the validation set; discrimination was at least as good as established scores when applied to the validation set.

Conclusion
Our flexible 2-Step Scores with optional inclusion of time-consuming and often unavailable nephropathology should yield good results for clinical practice in ET, and may be superior to established scores. Our scores are adaptable to donation after cardiac death and perfusion pump use.