bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An animal model for experimental echocardiographic studies
Authors: Kerber Richard E. , Wilson Robert L. , Marcus Melvin L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn open‐chest canine model for acute experimental echocardiographic studies is described. The ultrasound transducer is placed on the exposed anterior epicardial surface, fixed in place to minimize transmitted motion or excessive pressure on the heart, and directed to record various intracardiac structures. Good recordings can be obtained from the interventricular septum, posterior left ventricular wall, and the mitral and pulmonic valves. Structure identification is facilitated by use of an ultrasound contrast technique. Alterations of normal motion in response to physiologic, pathophysiologic, and pharma‐ologic interventions can then be assesed. Potential uses of the model are discussed.
Effects of ultrasound on the prenatal development of the rat. Part 1. 3.2 MHz continuous wave at nine days of gestation
Authors: Sikov Melvin R. , Hildebrand Percy 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIndividual nine‐day rat embryos were exposed for 5 or 15 minutes to graded intensities of well‐characterized focused beams of 3.2 MHz continuous wave ukrasound. Fetuses were examined for effects at 20 days of gestation. Analysis of the exposure‐response relationships indicates an “apparent threshold” for prenatal mortality at 3 W/cmz (95 per cent fiducial limits 0.5‐6 W/cm2). Felal size was unaffected at any exposure level and there were only a few malformations, which occured at 10.5 W/cm2 and above.
Correlation of ultrasonic and soft tissue xray placentography in 300 cases
Authors: Badria L. , Young G. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree hundred cases in which both ultrasonic and soft tissue placentography examinations had been done are correlated with each other and the clinical findings. These are grouped in two series, one in 1972‐1973 and the other 1973‐1974. The accuracy rate for both methods was 95 per cent. Outright errors were 2 per cent, and cases in which correlation was lacking for reasons other than diagnostic errors were 3 per cent. Reasons for this lack of correlation are discussed and illustrated. Seven examples of the ascending (or migrating) placenta were also found and an illustrative case is described.
Biparietal diameter: A comparison of real time and conventional B scan techniques
Authors: Cooperberg P. L. , Chow T. , Kite V. , Austin S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReal time multitransducer B scanners can greatly facilitate obstetrical ultrasound examinations. To assess the accuracy and reproducibility of biparietal diameter (BPD) measurement with the real time scanner, we compared the BPD using the real time scanner with the results obtained by conventional bistable leading edge and gray scale measurements. The results show that 73 to 90 per cent of the results with the real time scanner are within 1 mm of the other measurement and 94 per cent are within 2 mm. The variance of measurements on each case with the real time scanner is not significantly greater than the variance using the other two methods. We feel that the real time scanner can be a useful tool for obstetrical examinations and is accurate in the measurement of the biparietal diameter.
Doppler ultrasound diagnosis of testicular cord torsion
Authors: Milleret R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe author confirmed clinical diagnosis of torsion of the testis with Doppler ultrasound flowmeters in 12 of 15 patients. Doppler examination in addition to clinical examination was more accurate than clinical examination alone. Problems were encountered when examining newborns, but progress in probe technology may yield better results in this area. The Doppler technique is a useful adjunct in the management of torsion of the testis.
Detection of aortic insufficiency by pulse doppler echocardiography
Authors: Ward Jonathan M. , Baker Donald W. , Rubenstein Simeon A. , Johnson Steve L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSixty‐five patients were studied for the presence of aortic insufficiency by auscultation, conventional M mode echocardiography (echo), range‐gated pulse Doppler flowmeter (Doppler), and supravalvular aortic angiography. Aortic insufficiency was demonstrated angiographically in 49 patients, of which eight (16 per cent) were missed by auscultation. Echo missed 20 (41 per cent), and Doppler missed seven (14 per cent). Only two (4 per cent) were missed by auscultation and Doppler combined. All methods were highly specific, but the combination of auscultation and Doppler was the most sensitive noninvasive method for detecting aortic insufficiency.
Gray scale measurement of biparietal diameter
Authors: Lawson Thomas L. , Albarelli Judith N. , Greenhouse Samuel W. , Greenbaum Leonard D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFetal biparietal diameter measurements were obtained simultaneously by gray scale and bistable ultrasonography. The bistable presentation was measured from leading edge to leading edge, while the gray scale presentation was measured from leading point to leading point and middle to middle of the band of echoes defining the fetal head. Statistical analysis of 50 patients demonstrated good reproducibility of the biparietal diameter measurement by each method and intraobserver variation fell well within the acceptable range. In all but one patient differences in measurements between observers and measurement methods were trivial and of no clinical significance. In the patients in whom there was a statistically significant difference, the variability was from 1 to 2 mm with the exception of one patient in whom the variability was about 4 mm.
Ultrasound in the evaluation of adrenal metastases
Authors: Forsythe John R. , Gosink Barbara B. , Leopold George R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMetastatic involvement of the adrenal glands is a frequent complication of bronchogenic carcinoma, occuring in up to 33 per cent of these patients. Examination of ten patients with adrenal metastases revealed large adrenal masses, occuring bilaterally in five. Five of these patients were examined using the standard bistable technique. These patients demonstrated largely echofree masses with only occasional scattered internal echoes. The remaining five patients were examined with the gray scale technique. With the added resolution afforded by the use of gray scale, the masses in these patients showed a more uniform distribution of echoes. Presence of a margin between the kidney and the mass, and displacement of the kidney inferiorly, posteriorly, and laterally is used to differentiate between upper pole renal masses and those of adrenal origin. Autopsy confirmation was obtained in six of the patients.
Extra‐amniotic blood clot simulating placenta previa on ultrasound scan
Authors: Williams Charles H. , Vanbergen William S. , Prentice Robert L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ultrasonic appearance of extra‐amniotic blood clot simulating placenta previa is presented. The single case presented is the most illustrative and best documented example of this phenomenon in a series of 10 patients. The ultrasonic characteristics of this phenomenon are discussed.
The volume of the uterus in normal and abnormal pregnancy
Authors: Phillips Joseph F. , Goodwin Donald W. , Thomason Samuel B. , Dempsey Peter J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship of the volume of the uterus to the biparietal diameter in single, twin, triplet and abnormal gestations was determined. The relationships are linear and the populations of single and multiple pregnancies fall into distinct groups. Correlation of the uterine volume and biparietal diameter also establishes an objective basis for diagnosing the presence of polyhydramnios, fetal hydrocephalus, or any abnormality tht produces a distortion of the normal uterine volume relationships.
The gray scale appearance of the normal pregnancy from 4 to 16 weeks of gestation
Authors: Ghorashi Bijan , Gottesfeld Kenneth R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince the advent of gray scale, more detail is available on sonograms and the products of conception are more readily seen. The gestational sac can be seen at about the fifth week of gestation and the fetal parts can be recognized around the seventh week of gestation. The gestational sac, fetal parts, and the placenta can be foollowed all the way through pregnancy without any “blind periods”. In the first three months of pregnancy, gestational age can be determined by measuring the size of the gestational sac in centimeters and adding 2 to that number. From then on the head and chest measurements can be used for a more accurate determination of gestational age.
Clinical application of high speed B mode echocardiography
Authors: Kambe Tadashi , Nishimura Kinya , Hibi Norio , Sakakibara Toshinori , Kato Tadayuki , Fukui Yoichi , Arakawa Takemi , Tatematsu Hiroshi , Miwa Arata , Tada Hisao , Sakamoto Nobuo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study discusses the clinical application of high speed B mode echocardiography to a wide variety of heart diseases. We used a rapid mechanical sector scan at 30 frames per second and 120 scanning lines per frame, resulting in real time observation of cardiac structures. The sector angle was relatively wide (maximum 90°). The tomograms were synchronized with teh electrocardiogram and recorded on ordinary 35 mm or Polaroid film in conjunction with 8 mm cinematography. Heart cross sections could be recorded even in the presence of arrhythmia. We used a flat or focused, 10 mm diameter transducer made of lead zirconate‐titanate with a resonant frequency of 2 or 3 MHz at a repetition rate of 3.6 kHz. High speed B mode echocardiography is a means of observing cross sections of the heart that can contribute to the improvement of accuracy in cardiac diagnosis.
Interobserver variability in echocardiography
Authors: Vignola Paul A. , Bloch Antoine , Kaplan Alan D. , Walker Harriet J. , Chiotellis Philip N. , Myers Gordon S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHigh‐quality echocardiograms were performed on 146 normal individuals whose ages ranged from 3 to 73 years (mean 27 years). Normal values for mitral diastolic excursion and E‐F slope, the chamber dimensions of the right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle, the aortic root dimension, and thickness of the interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall were determined. Each tracing was then read independently by two experienced echocardiographers. The extent of interobserver variability was calculated and expressed as a percent of the mean. The 95 per cent confidence limits for these estimates were calculated. Small but significant interobserver variability was found for all nine of these commonly measured echocardiographic parameters. Observer variability is a small but potentially important consideration in investigative echocardiography.
Ultrasonographic assessment of neck masses
Authors: Gooding Gretchen A. W. , Herzog Karen A. , Laing Faye C. , McDonald Eugene J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFourteen patients are presented to illustrate the usefulness of ultrasonography in assessing masses of the neck. Included are five patients with primary tumors, two with metastasis to a cervical node, three with cervical adenitis, two with simple cysts, and two with hematoma related to endarterectomy for occlusive disease of the carotid artery.
Antepartum diagnosis by ultrasound of placental implantation on a uterine septum
Authors: Sarti Dennis A. , Okada Donald M. , Hobel Calvin J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA routine ultrasound examination in a 23 year old female at 34 weeks' gestation revealed placental implantation on a uterine septum. The clinical significance and potential complications of this unusual placental location are discussed.
Ultrasound diagnosis of the hyperextended head in breech presentation
Authors: Bean William J. , Calonje Mario A. , Aprill Charles N. , Geshner John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHyperextension of the fetal head in the breech presentation can be diagnosed by ultrasound. Straightening of the fetal spine and the widest diameter of the skull posterior to the long axis of the spine is diagnostic. Face presentation should also be diagnosable by these criteria.
Ultrasonic backscatter from human liver tissue: Its dependence on frequency and protein/lipid composition
Authors: Freese M. , Lyons E. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonic volume backscatter by postmortem human liver was investigated in the 1 to 5 MHz frequency range. Representative values of the backscatter coefficient, its range, and frequency dependence were determined. The backscatter level correlated significantly with protein content in normal livers and with lipid content in abnormal fatty livers. The latter suggests the possible development of a simple, noninvasive, quantitative test for fatty infiltration of the liver.
Ultrasonic assessment of liver size in the newborn
Authors: Wladimiroff J. W. , Sekeris A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 141 newborn infants ultrasonic measurement of liver area was performed on the third postnatal day. The liver area was represented by a cross section of the liver at the level where the portal vein entered the organ. There was a linear increase in liver area from 26.8 cm2 at 37 weeks' gestation to 33.0 cm2 at 41 weeks' gestation. Measurement of liver area does not provide more accurate information on fetal size than upper abdominal circumference in the last weeks of pregnancy. Measurement of fetal head circumference is distinctly less accurate in the assessment of fetal size.
Gray scale performance of displays for dynamic ultrasound imaging
Authors: Maginness M. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMethods used to convert the output of diagnostic ultrasound dynamic imaging systems to television format are reviewed. The gray scale characteristics of a large‐screen direct display are compared with the transfer through a display monitor‐television camera‐television monitor chain. Available direct display devices have distinct performance limitations in this application and the transfer linearity and dynamic range of the television converter described are objectively superior. This confirmed a subjective preference of system users to view the TV display.
Echocardiographic pseudodiopathic hypertrophic subarotic stenosis in a patient with pericardial effusion
Authors: Prakash Ravi , Greenfield Robert S. , Aronow Wilbert S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 26 year old white male with chronic renal failure presented to our institution with a large pericardial effusion. In addition to the effusion, and echocardiogram demonstrated systolic anterior movement of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve (SAM), suggesting idiopathic hypertrophic subarotic stenosis (IHSS). Pericardiectomy was performed ot treat the effusion. After surgery and relief of the effusion, the mitral valve motion returned to normal. It is conclded that SAM can be seen with pericardial effusion in the absence of IHSS.
Sonographic demonstration of intrauterine contraceptive devices
Authors: Watt I. , Watt E. , Halliwell M. , Ross F. G. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonic examination of the uterus is the investigation of choice in the initial localization of an IUCD within the uterine cavity. The use of compound B scanning in conjunction with A scans has been completely reliable to date. Radiography should be reserved for those patients in whom an expected device is not shown within the uterine cavity, and for those in whom the determination of the type of device is important and the scan is equivocal.
Omental Band: New sign of metastasis
Authors: Stein Mark A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphomatous cellular infiltration of the greater omentum has been visualized by ultrasound as a uniformly thick, hyposonic, band‐shaped structure adjacent to the anterior and lateral walls of the abdomen, following the contour of the abdominal convexity, and containing low‐level, nonstructured internal echoes. From this finding, diffuse metastatic disease to the omentum can probably be inferred with a high degree of reliability.
Echocardiographic manifestations of flail aortic valve leaflets
Authors: Whipple Robert L. , Morris Douglas C. , Felner Joel M. , Merrill Arthur J. , Miller Joseph I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix patients with aortic regurgitation secondary to flail aortic valve leaflet syndrome were studied echocardiographically, angiographically, surgically, and pathologically. The etiol ogy of flail aortic leaflet was myxomatous degeneration in four patients and bacterial endocarditis in two. The echocardiographic manifestations of flail aortic valve leaflet are diastolic fluttering of the aortic cusp echoes, abnormal systolic aortic leaflet movement, and abnormal diastolic fluttering echoes in the left ventricular outflow tract. Diastolic fluttering of the aortic valve leaflets is specific echocardiographic evidence of aortic regurgitation due to flail aortic leaflets, and demonstration of diastolic fluttering of the aortic leaflets and diastolic fluttering echoes in the left ventricular outflow tract is direct evidence of flail and prolapsed aortic leaflets.
Cross sectional visualization of the normal heart by the UI octoson
Authors: Kossoff G. , Garrett W. J. , Dadd M. J. , Paoloni H. J. , Wilcken D. E. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe UI Octoson can provide accurate compound and simple scan cross sectional views of the heart. Sections taken in the transverse, sagittal, and other planes normal and parallel to the long axis of the heart are useful for providing full information that may be obtained by the examination. The views allow the visualization and measurement of most major structures of the heart, giving a more complete description of the geometry of the heart.
Television synchronization of a real time ultrasonic sector scanner
Authors: Schuette William H. , Shawker Thomas H. , Whitehouse Willard C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe interaction of the scan rates of ultrasonic scanning and television recording systems often causes portions of the resultant television image to be either over‐ or under‐scanned. This results in objectionable bright and dark sectors within the ultrasonic image on a television monitor during single‐frame playback. The usual method for dealing with this problem is to exchange time resolution for image quality when preparing pictures for analysis or presentation. Time resolution can be preserved by operating the ultrasonic scanner at a scan rate one‐half of the television frame rate and phase locking the ultrasonic scanner to the television system so that each angular scan of the ultrasonic system is initiated coincident with the beginning of each television frame.
Anatomic variation of portal venous anatomy in the porta hepatis: Ultrasonographic evaluation
Authors: Filly Roy A. , Laing Faye C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe appearance of the portal vein as it crosses anterior to the inferior vena cava and enters the liver at the porta hepatis was evaluated on 100 longitudinal and 100 transverse ultrasonograms. Three major variations were noted on the parasagittal scans, while four major variations were evident on the transverse images. These variations were primarily related to the size of the left portal vein and the angle at which the left portal vein coursed away from the main portal vein. The appearance and course of the proximal right portal vein was extremely constant and may therefore be used as a landmark to detect pathologic processes in the porta hepatis. Detection of altered anatomy in this region may be especially helpful in correctly differentiating dilated intrahepatic bile ducts from normal portal veins.
Verification of human fetal breathing with phased array ultrasound imaging
Authors: Stephen John D. , Birnholz Jason C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractContinous observation of fetal movement patterns is a novel and useful capability of new high‐speed ultrasound imaging systems. Confirmatory documentation of human fetal breathing as a component of these movement patterns has been achieved using a phased‐array real time ultrasound sector scanning system.* This system permits direct visualization of fetal breathing movements. Permanent recordings can be made on videotape. Recordings can also be made as a time‐motion echocardiogram during continuous observation of the full sector. Fetal breathing movements were seen in five patients. The earliest period of gestation at which fetal breathing was seen was 20 weeks.
Echocardiographic features in a case of intrapericardial teratoma
Authors: Farooki Zia Q. , Hakimi Mehdi , Arciniegas Eduardo , Green Edward W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn infant presented with symptoms of congestive heart failure. Ultrasound examination revealed a dense layer of echoes at the root of the aorta, a large anterior pericardial effusion, and coarse fluttering of the right ventricular wall. The clinical diagnosis of intrapericardial teratoma was confirmed by cineangiography and surgical resection. The pathological examination was consistent with benign teratoma. A postoperative ultrasound examination revealed absence of pericardial effusion and tumor echoes. This appears to be the first echocardiographic report of a pericardial tumor in an infant.
Ultrasound scanning for monitoring childhood hydronephrosis
Authors: Hasch Ernst 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasound scanning of the kidneys in four children with radiologically proven hydronephrosis was undertaken with a new modification: scanning before and after copious intake of fluid. The anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis was used as an index of the hydronephrosis. Alterations in the dilatation were followed over a long period. Good agreement with simultaneous IVP was found. Improvement in the degree of hydronephrosis was apparent by reduction and disappearance of the dilatation of the pelvis during fasting as assessed by ultrasonic scanning, although pronounced dilatation was still observed after copious intake of fluid and at IVP. The results indicate that ultrasound scanning is a valuable supplement in the urological evaluation in children and that it can reduce significantly the number of radiological investigations required.
Ultrasonic demonstration of inferior vena caval involvement with right adrenal gland masses
Authors: Bernardino Michael E. , Libshitz Herman I. , Green Barry , Goldstein Harvey M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonographic findings in 13 right adrenal gland neoplasms were reviewed. Primary malignancy was the etiology in four patients and metastatic malignancy in nine. Anterior displacement and/or indentation of the posterior aspect of the inferior vena cava was present in nine patients. This sign, although nonspecific, is helpful in the localization and diagnosis of right adrenal lesions.
Sonographic findings in gastroschisis
Authors: Grossman Michael , Fischermann Edward A. , German John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe antenatal sonographic appearance of gastroschisis is described. The findings consist of numerous extra‐abdominal „cystic masses”︁ representing loops of fluid‐filled bowel eviscerated through the abdominal defect. This patient also had associated polyhydramnios, possibly on the basis of a functional bowel abnormality.
Prenatal diagnosis of placental tumor by ultrasound
Authors: Asokan Sangarappilai , Chadalavada Krishna , Gardi Rashmikant , Sastry Vasantha 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of placental chorioangioma is reported. To our knowledge, this is the first case diagnosed prenatally by ultrasonography. The complications of chorioangiomas include hydramnios, antepartum hemorrhage and premature labor, fetal demise, low birth weight and toxemia.