bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Shallow Hazard to Productive Opportunity: Opening a New Gas Play in the North Malay Basin
Authors: Mohd Nasir Mohamed Azlin , Shamsuddin Seri'ainatrah , Bakri Mohd Shah Reza 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT
Lawit field operated by ExxonMobil E&P Malaysia (EMEPMI) in the Malay Basin was discovered in 1979. Due to the shallow and unconsolidated nature of the Group-B sands, the sands were considered a potential shallow hazard, thus the initial field development plan implemented in 1997 only targeted the deeper, and major gas bearing Group-D and E reservoirs. After 9 years of production, the major producing reservoirs, particularly the aquifer supported reservoirs, indicated signs of depletion.
As a result of a Lawit full-field study conducted in 2005, the asset level technical team appraised the development opportunity in Group-B reservoirs by re-completion of existing wells that were originally completed in the deeper Group-D and E reservoirs, now depleted, in order to sustain gas production from the field and utilize existing facilities capacity.
This paper will describe the multi-disciplinary Geoscience, Reservoir, and Subsurface Engineering technical work flow and strategies used in the successful development of the first Lawit shallow gas Group-B reservoirs in EMEPMI offshore operations. The assessment included estimates of in-place gas, gas deliverability and recovery, and thorough consideration of completion strategies to mitigate the potential for high sand production. The collaborative effort also resulted in the first successful application of Frac-Pack completion in EMEPMI operations, yielding sustainable and prolific gas production.
Key implications of this successful venture include potential development of the Group-B reservoirs in other EMEPMI operated fields in the Malay Basin.

INTRODUCTION
The Lawit field is a non-associated gas (NAG) producing field in the Malay Basin located offshore Peninsular Malaysia in an average water depth of 60 meters. The field was discovered in May 1979 by the Well 1 wildcat well which encountered multiple gas-bearing reservoirs.
The Lawit structure is a domal anticline with an aerial extent of about 30 square kilometers at its major reservoir level. The field is separated from neighboring Bintang field to the west by a major north - south trending normal fault.
Malay Basin production is primarily from Early to Late Miocene-age clastic reservoirs. These reservoirs often occur in stacked stratigraphic sequences which are grouped and labeled alphabetically. Lawit field accumulations are normally pressured and contain non-associated, lean wet-gases.
Lawit-A is a large manned production, compression and quarters platform. Lawit-A is also a mother platform to two unmanned Satellite Field Development (SFD) platforms, Bintang-A and Bintang-B. These platforms accommodate production from the Bintang field where the gas produced is sent to Lawit-A for processing, then transported to shore.
Long Term Evaluation of an Innovative Acid System for Fracture Stimulation of Carbonate Reservoirs in Saudi Arabia.
Authors: Garzon Francisco Orlando , Solares Jose Ricardo , Ramanathan Venkateshwaran , Franco Carlos Alberto , Al-Marri Hamad Mohammed , Hakami Ibrahim Mohammed 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Acid Fracturing has been a successful method to stimulate the Khuff Carbonate wells of Saudi Arabia since the beginning of the gas development program. Various types of acid systems including conventional, emulsified and surfactant-based have been used in an attempt to achieve optimum fracture length and conductivity. Acids used for these treatments have been typically formulated with 28-wt% HCl and have been used successfully to increase production from the Khuff carbonates.
Although acid fracture treatments create significant conductivity enhancement in treated wells, their etched fracture length is typically short because of the high speed at which acid spends upon contact with the high temperature reservoir. The quest to increase the effective half-length of the fracture and enhance production led to the search for novel effective technologies capable of achieving this goal. One such technology is the solid acid system which was field tested for the first time in the world in a Saudi Aramco gas producer. The material is pumped as an inert solid, which hydrolyzes and converts to acid when exposed to water and heat resulting in heterogeneous etching and increased conductivity. Among the key factors supporting a field trial of the product was the fact that it offered the prospect of overcoming the traditional challenges that are always associated with acid fracturing such as excessive acid leak-off, shallow acid penetration, fast spending due to the temperature effect and corrosion. However, a solid acid system also reduces the health, safety and environmental (HSE) risk caused by conventional acid exposure to both personnel and production equipment. Placement of this material in the Khuff was a significant challenge due to the high fracture gradients encountered in this complex reservoir. Previous attempts to place proppant in other wells with similar reservoir characteristics resulted in premature screenout. Nevertheless, the first worldwide field trial of the new technology was successfully implemented.
This paper will discuss in detail the design, execution, post-stimulation and the long term results from this first trial. It will also provide conclusions and recommendations on the effectiveness of this novel technology and suggest areas of improvement that will help in promoting a step change in acid fracturing industry worldwide.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Patil Chirag G. , Long Elisa F. , Lansberg Maarten G. 
Published: November 2008

Object
Mechanical thrombectomy is increasingly being used for the treatment of large-vessel ischemic stroke in patients who arrive outside of the 3-hour tissue plasminogen activator time window. In this study, the authors evaluated the cost and effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy compared with standard medical therapy in patients who are ineligible to receive tissue plasminogen activator.

Methods
Clinical outcomes of an open-label study of mechanical thrombectomy were compared with a hypothetical control group with a lower recanalization rate (18 vs 60%) and a lower rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (0.6 vs 7.8%) than the active treatment group. A Markov cost-effectiveness model was built to compare the health benefits and costs associated with mechanical thrombectomy compared with standard medical therapy. All probabilities, quality-of-life factors, and costs were estimated from the published literature. Univariate sensitivity analyses were performed to assess how variations in model parameters affect health and economic outcomes.

Results
Treatment of acute ischemic stroke with mechanical thrombectomy increased survival time by 0.54 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), compared with standard medical therapy (2.37 vs 1.83 QALYs), at an increased cost of $6600. This yielded an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $12,120 per QALY gained, a value generally considered cost-effective. Sensitivity analysis showed that mechanical thrombectomy remained cost-effective (ICER < $50,000 per QALY gained) for all model inputs varied over a reasonable range, except for age at stroke treatment. For patients older than 82 years of age, the treatment was only borderline cost-effective (ICER of $50,000–100,000 per QALY gained).

Conclusions
The treatment of large-vessel ischemic stroke with mechanical thrombectomy appears to be costeffective. These results require validation when data from a randomized, controlled trial of mechanical thrombectomy become available.
Degradation Studies of Polyurethanes Based on Vegetable Oils. Part 1. Photodegradation
Authors: Rus Anika Z. Mohd , Kemp Terence J. , Clark Andrew J. 
Published: November 2008

UV-induced photodegradation has been studied of films of polyurethanes synthesised from (renewable) vegetable materials, namely rapeseed and sunflower oils. The techniques utilised were principally IR and UV-visible spectroscopy. UV(B)-photolysis of the cured films gave rise to IR bands in the carbonyl region at ca 1706 cm-1 and a UV band at 310 nm attributed to formation of a quinone methide, an assignment supported by the development of new IR bands at 1595, 1650, and 1695 cm-1 which are typical of this chromophore. In addition, intensification of a band at 1171 cm-1 is attributed to cross-linking of the soft segments in the polymer. Plots of the growth of the 1706 cm-1 band on irradiation over time showed the usual profile for conversion of CH2 groups to carbonyl: these were normalised against the band at 2900 cm-1 of the polymer to give the carbonyl index (CI). The effect of adding the pigment TiO2 on the CI was monitored. The effect depended strongly on the nature of the TiO2; thus the Degussa P-25 pigment greatly accelerated photodegradation whereas TiO2 coated with a thin layer of silica or alumina, as in Kronos 2220 pigment, conferred photostability on the polymer. Doping the TiO2 with metal ions markedly affected its behaviour; addition of Mo(VI) made the TiO2 more aggressive while doping with Cr(III) reduced its activity. Addition of the photostabiliser Tinuvin 770 had a dramatic effect in reducing the photo-oxidation of the polyurethanes.
Core–Shell PbI2@WS2 Inorganic Nanotubes from Capillary Wetting
Authors: Kreizman Ronen , Hong Sung You , Sloan Jeremy , Popovitz‐Biro Ronit , Albu‐Yaron Ana , Tobias Gerard , Ballesteros Belén , Davis Benjamin G. , Green Malcolm L. H. , Tenne Reshef 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMultiwall WS2 nanotube templates were used as hosts to prepare core–shell PbI2@WS2 nanotubes by a capillary‐wetting method. Conformal growth of PbI2 layers on the inner wall of the relatively wide WS2 nanotubes (i.d. ca. 10 nm) leads to nanotubular structures which were not previously observed in narrow carbon nanotube templates. Image simulation after structural modeling (see picture) showed good agreement with the experimental HRTEM image.magnified image
Dehydration of THF‐water mixtures using zeolite‐incorporated polymeric membranes
Authors: Varghese J. G. , Kittur A. A. , Kariduraganavar M. Y. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractUsing a solution technique, polymeric composite membranes were prepared by the incorporation of NaY zeolite into chitosan. The resulting membranes were tested for pervaporation separation of water–tetrahydrofuran mixtures in a temperature range of 30–50°C. The effect of membrane swelling on the separation performance was studied by varying the water composition in the feed from 5 to 30 mass %. Pervaporation data demonstrated that both flux and selectivity increased simultaneously with increasing zeolite content in the membrane. This was explained on the basis of enhancement of hydrophilicity, selective adsorption, and establishment of molecular sieving action. It was found that both total flux and flux of water are close to each other, suggesting that the developed membranes are highly selective toward water. The membrane containing the highest loading of zeolite exhibited the highest separation selectivity of 2140 with a substantial water flux of 16.88 × 10−2 kg/(m2 h) at 30°C for 5 mass % of water in the feed. From the temperature dependency of diffusion and permeation data, the Arrhenius activation parameters were estimated. A significant difference was noticed between Epw and EpTHF, EDw and EDTHF values, signifying that membranes developed with higher loading of zeolite exhibited remarkable separation selectivity toward water. The Ep and ED values ranged between 11.69 and 21.23, and 11.21 and 20.72 kJ/mol, respectively. All the membranes exhibited positive ΔHs values, suggesting that the heat of sorption is still dominated by Henry's mode of sorption. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Comparison between the self‐assembling behaviors of PLLA‐PEO‐PLLA triblock copolymers and PLLA‐PEO‐PPO‐PEO‐PLLA pentablock copolymers
Authors: Xiong Xiang Yuan , Li Zi Ling , Tam Kam Chiu , Li Yu Ping , Leng Jin Quan , Chen Hai Qin , Wang Yong 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPoly(L‐lactic acids) (PLLAs) were grafted to both ends of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) to produce biocompatible amphiphilic PLLA‐PEO‐PLLA triblock copolymers. The self‐assembling behaviors of two PLLA‐PEO‐PLLA copolymers in aqueous solutions were examined by Dynamic Light Scattering and Transmission Electron Microscopic techniques. PLLA‐PEO‐PLLA formed spherical micelles, whereas PLLA‐PEO‐PPO‐PEO‐PLLA pentablock copolymers were reported to produce vesicles. It is believed that the PPO segment within the PLLA‐PEO‐PPO‐PEO‐PLLA pentablock copolymers has a dominant role in the formation of vesicles. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Regional scale prediction of the onset phase of the Indian southwest monsoon with a high‐resolution atmospheric model
Authors: Bhaskar Rao Dodla Venkata , Srinivas Desamsetti , Bishoyi Ratna Satyaban 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA nonhydrostatic atmospheric model with a resolution of 30 km is used to make predictions of the rainfall during the onset phase of the southwest monsoon (SWM) of 2003. Model predictions of the pentad rainfall time series indicate good predictions up to lead time of 5 days. The correlation coefficients (CCs) between the model‐predicted and observed rainfall at different locations, representative of the five homogeneous regions of SWM rainfall, over the Indian subcontinent show correlations significant at 90% level up to 5 days lead time with values above 0.32. The spatial distribution of the model‐predicted pentad rainfall show an advancement of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal branches of SWM over the Indian subcontinent up to 5 days lead time. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Species‐specificity of ethylene glycol‐induced developmental toxicity: toxicokinetic and whole embryo culture studies in the rabbit
Authors: Carney Edward W. , Tornesi Belen , Markham Daniel A. , Rasoulpour Reza J. , Moore Nigel 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHigh‐dose gavage exposure to ethylene glycol (EG) is teratogenic in rats, but not rabbits. To investigate the reason for this species difference, toxicokinetic and whole embryo culture (WEC) studies were conducted in gestation day 9 New Zealand White rabbits, and the data compared to very similar data previously generated in pregnant rats. In the toxicokinetic study, maximal levels of unchanged EG in rabbits were comparable to those reported for rats. However, maximal levels of EG's teratogenic metabolite, glycolic acid (GA), in rabbit maternal blood and embryo were only 46% and 10% of the respective levels in rats. The toxicokinetic profile suggested that the lower GA levels in rabbits were due to a slower rate of maternal metabolism of EG to GA, slow uptake of GA into the yolk sac cavity fluid which surrounds the embryo, and negligible transfer via the visceral yolk sac (VYS) placenta. In the WEC study, exposure of rabbit conceptuses to high concentrations (≤12.5 mM) of GA was without effect, which contrasts with reported effects in rat WEC at ≥3 mM. Overall, these data implicate toxicokinetics as an important factor underlying the species difference, although intrinsic insensitivity of the rabbit embryo might also be involved. Integration of these findings with published human data suggest that the rabbit is the more relevant model for human EG exposure, based on the negligible role of the rabbit VYS in placental transfer (humans lack a VYS) and similar rates of EG metabolism and extraembryonic fluid turnover. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An evaluation of exposure metrics in an epidemiologic study on radio and television broadcast transmitters and the risk of childhood leukemia
Authors: Schmiedel Sven , Brüggemeyer Hauke , Philipp Johannes , Wendler Jost , Merzenich Hiltrud , Schüz Joachim 
Published: November 2008

AbstractElectric field strength values calculated by wave propagation modeling were applied as an exposure metric in a case–control study conducted in Germany to investigate a possible association between radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF‐EMF) emitted from television and radio broadcast transmitters and the risk of childhood leukemia. To validate this approach it was examined at 850 measurement sites whether calculated RF‐EMF are an improvement to an exposure proxy based on distance from the place of residence to a transmitter. Further, the agreement between measured and calculated RF‐EMF was explored. For dichotomization at the 90% quantiles of the exposure distributions it was found that distance agreed less with measured RF‐EMF (Kappa coefficient: 0.55) than did calculated RF‐EMF (Kappa coefficient: 0.74). Distance was a good exposure proxy for a single transmitter only which uses the frequency bands of amplitude modulated radio, whereas it appeared to be of limited informative value in studies involving several transmitters, particularly if these are operating in different frequency bands. The analysis of the agreement between calculated RF‐EMF and measured RF‐EMF showed a sensitivity of 76.6% and a specificity of 97.4%, leading to an exposure misclassification that still allows one to detect a true odds ratio as low as 1.4 with a statistical power of >80% at a two‐sided significance level of 5% in a study with 2,000 cases and 6,000 controls. Thus, calculated RF‐EMF is confirmed to be an appropriate exposure metric in large‐scale epidemiological studies on broadcast transmitters. Bioelectromagnetics 30:81–91, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion in Confined Geometries
Authors: Burada P. Sekhar , Hänggi Peter , Marchesoni Fabio , Schmid Gerhard , Talkner Peter 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDiffusive transport of particles or, more generally, small objects, is a ubiquitous feature of physical and chemical reaction systems. In configurations containing confining walls or constrictions, transport is controlled both by the fluctuation statistics of the jittering objects and the phase space available to their dynamics. Consequently, the study of transport at the macro‐ and nanoscales must address both Brownian motion and entropic effects. Herein we report on recent advances in the theoretical and numerical investigation of stochastic transport occurring either in microsized geometries of varying cross sections or in narrow channels wherein the diffusing particles are hindered from passing each other (single‐file diffusion). For particles undergoing biased diffusion in static suspension media enclosed by confining geometries, transport exhibits intriguing features such as 1) a decrease in nonlinear mobility with increasing temperature or also 2) a broad excess peak of the effective diffusion above the free diffusion limit. These paradoxical aspects can be understood in terms of entropic contributions resulting from the restricted dynamics in phase space. If, in addition, the suspension medium is subjected to external, time‐dependent forcing, rectification or segregation of the diffusing Brownian particles becomes possible. Likewise, the diffusion in very narrow, spatially modulated channels is modified via contact particle–particle interactions, which induce anomalous sub‐diffusion. The effective sub‐diffusion constant for a driven single file also develops a resonance‐like structure as a function of the confining coupling constant.
Dopamine's role in social modulation of infant isolation‐induced vocalization: II. Maternally modulated infant separation responses are regulated by D1‐ and D2‐family dopamine receptors
Authors: Muller Jeff M. , Moore Holly , Myers Michael M. , Shair Harry N. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMammalian infant behavior directed toward caregivers is critical to survival and may play a role in establishing social bonds. Most mammalian infants vocalize when isolated. Rat pups vocalize at a higher rate when isolated following an interaction with an adult female than after an interaction with littermates, a phenomenon termed maternal potentiation. We previously reported that the D2 receptor family agonist quinpirole disrupts maternal potentiation at a dose that does not alter vocalization rate following contact with littermates. Here we further examine the role of dopamine in maternal potentiation by testing effects of both D1 and D2 receptor family ligands, alone and in combination, on maternal potentiation. We tested the drugs' effects on isolation vocalization subsequent to littermate contact and then another isolation preceded by a brief “reunion” period of exposure either to the anesthetized dam or a handling‐only “pickup” condition. D2 receptor stimulation blocked the increase in vocalizations following reunion with the dam. The D2 agonist effect in the dam‐reunion condition was much larger than its small effect in the pickup condition, providing further evidence that D2 receptors exert a selective modulation of maternal potentiation. On the other hand, systemic administration of the D1 agonist SKF81297 reduced isolation vocalizations nonspecifically, across all the experimental conditions. Finally, the D1 and D2 receptor dual antagonist, alpha‐flupenthixol, increased isolation vocalizations and disrupted potentiation, but at doses that also inhibited locomotion. We conclude that D2 receptor family activation has a more selective effect of disrupting maternal potentiation than D1 receptor family activation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 158–172, 2009
Chemospecific Allylation and Domino Metathesis of 7‐Oxanorbornenes for Skeletal and Appendage Diversity
Authors: Ikoma Minoru , Oikawa Masato , Sasaki Makoto 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe report a synthetic strategy for skeletally diverse heterocycles featuring appendage diversity based on a tandem Ugi/Diels–Alder reaction followed by domino metathesis. An associating effect of the amide carbonyl functionality to the ruthenium metal center is proposed in order to account for the difference in the metathesis yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Aminophosphonic Acids and Aminobis(phosphonic acids) as Potential Inhibitors of Penicillin‐Binding Proteins
Authors: Beck Joséphine , Gharbi Sonia , Herteg‐Fernea Adriana , Vercheval Lionel , Bebrone Carine , Lassaux Patricia , Zervosen Astrid , Marchand‐Brynaert Jacqueline 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAminophosphonic acids and aminobis(phosphonic acids) have been prepared by the alkylation of Schiff bases with methyl bromoacetate or ethyl acrylate. Other pathways, like the modified Pudovik reaction and Kabachnik–Fields reaction, have been considered for the synthesis of the α‐phosphonic bioisoster of aminocitrate. Partial or complete deprotection of the phosphonate ester have been realised by either acidic hydrolysis or by treatment with trimethylsilyl bromide. Evaluation against penicillin‐binding proteins has shown that our compounds are modest inhibitors of class A β‐lactamases, but have an interesting activity against R39 (D,D‐peptidase/carboxypeptidase). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)