bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bivariate Evaluation of Cylinder Implant Diameter and Length: A Three‐Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Kong Liang , Sun Yingying , Hu Kaijin , Li Dehua , Hou Rui , Yang Jin , Liu Baolin 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate continuous and simultaneous variations of implant diameter and length for an experimental cylinder implant. Materials and Methods: A finite element model of a mandible segment with implant was created. The range of implant diameter (D) was set from 2.5 to 5.0 mm, and that of implant length (L) from 6.0 to 16.0 mm. The maximum Von Mises stresses in the mandible were evaluated, and the sensitivity of the stresses in the mandible to the variables was also evaluated. Results: Under axial load, the maximum von Mises stresses in cortical and cancellous bones decreased by 73.3% and 69.4%, respectively, with D and L increasing. Under buccolingual load, those decreased 83.8% and 79.2%, respectively. When D exceeded 3.9 mm and L exceeded 10.0 mm, the tangent slope rate of the maximum von Mises stress response curve ranged from −1 to 0. The variation of the maximum von Mises stresses in the mandible was more sensitive to D than to L. Conclusions: Buccolingual force is apt to be influenced by the two implant parameters; implant diameter and length favor stress distribution in cortical bone and cancellous bone, respectively. Implant diameter exceeding 3.9 mm and implant length exceeding 10.0 mm are the optimal choice for type B/2 bone in a cylinder implant. The implant diameter is more important than length in reducing bone stress.
Effect of Framework Shape on the Fracture Strength of Implant‐Supported All‐Ceramic Fixed Partial Dentures in the Molar Region
Authors: Tsumita Mitsuyoshi , Kokubo Yuji , Von Steyern Per Vult , Fukushima Shunji 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Purpose: The aim of the present study was to clarify the effects of the shape of the zirconium framework of implant‐supported, all‐ceramic fixed partial dentures (FPDs) on the fracture strength and fracture mode. Materials and Methods: This study consisted of mechanical strength testing and 3D finite element analysis (FEA). The three framework shapes used in this study were: (1) conventional shape (control); (2) convex shape: 1.0‐mm curve in the direction of the occlusal surface; and (3) concave shape: 1.0‐mm curve in the direction of the gingival surface. Five frameworks were made for each condition (total: 15). A load (N) was applied until the FPD fractured. For FEA, a 3D model consisting of cortical bone, cancellous bone, implant bodies, and superstructure was constructed. Results: The results of the mechanical strength test showed that fracture load was 916.0 ± 150.1 N for the conventional shape, 1690.5 ± 205.3 N for the convex shape, and 1515.5 ± 137.0 N for the concave shape. The mean final fracture load for the FPDs with frameworks was the highest for the convex shape; however, a critical crack in the veneer porcelain (736.5 ± 145.2 N) was confirmed during loading for the convex shape. Stress distribution maps for all conditions showed that tensile stress was generated at the veneer porcelain on the gingival side of the mesial and distal connectors of the pontic; however, there were differences in the maximum value and stress distribution within the framework. Conclusion: The shape of the framework, particularly the shape of the pontic–connector interface, affects the stress distribution, fracture strength, and fracture mode of all‐ceramic FPDs, and stress concentration inside a framework may induce cracking of layering porcelain.
Computerized Color Formulation for African‐Canadian People Requiring Facial Prostheses: A Pilot Study
Authors: Coward T.J. , Seelaus R. , Li S.Y. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of spectrophotometry and a computerized color formulation system to predict pigment formulas for color mixing silicone elastomer to match the skin color of African‐Canadian people. Materials and Methods: In a prospective study, reflectance spectrophotometery was used to measure the skin color of 19 African‐Canadian subjects. The spectral data for each subject was used in a computerized color formulation system to predict colorants required to mix silicone elastomer to match each subject's skin color. Delta‐E values were recorded for each silicone sample in comparison to the subject's skin measurement. An analysis of variance was used to determine significance among variables, and a Tukey HSD post hoc test was used to assess paired comparisons. Results: Delta‐E decreased with iterative mixes of colored silicone for each subject, and pigment loading increased with iterative mixes. Delta‐E values for the third iterative mix (fourth and final sample) ranged between 1.49 and 8.82. Conclusion: Spectrophotometry and computerized color formulation provide a foundation in the color matching procedure for facial prostheses that offers objectivity to an otherwise subjective task. Through further study of spectrophotometry and computerized color formulation, and with the development of pigment databases appropriate for the African‐Canadian population, it may be possible to establish a precise and repeatable color matching system that predicts required colorants and controls metamerism.
Effect of Arm Design and Chemical Polishing on Retentive Force of Cast Titanium Alloy Clasps
Authors: Shimpo Hidemasa 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Purpose: Titanium dentures have recently increased in popularity. A decrease in the retentive force of the titanium clasps has frequently been observed. This study investigated the effect of retentive arm design and chemical polishing of titanium clasps. Materials and Methods: Four Akers clasps with 0.25‐mm and 0.5‐mm undercuts were designed so that the retentive arms were placed at 1/2 and 2/3 of the undercut area. Wax patterns were fabricated and invested in phosphate‐bonded Al2O3/LiAl SiO6. They were cast with CP Ti Grade 2, CP Ti Grade 3, and Ti‐6Al‐7Nb using an argon gas‐pressure casting unit (Autocast HC‐III). After sandblasting, the castings were chemically treated with an HNO3/HF solution. The retentive force (N) was measured up to 10,000 insertion/removal times. The results (n = 5) were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey's test (α= 0.05). Results: The retentive forces significantly decreased with increasing immersion time in the HNO3/HF solution (p < 0.05). The retentive force of the 2/3 undercut was significantly greater than that of the 1/2 undercut (p < 0.05). Excluding the initial insertion/removal period of the 2/3 undercut, there were no significant differences among all the titanium metals tested (p > 0.05). As the number of insertion/removal times increased, the retentive force of the 2/3 undercut greatly decreased. The retentive force of the Ti‐6Al‐7Nb clasps for the 1/2 undercut decreased the least after 10,000 insertion/removal times. Conclusions: Chemical treatment for titanium clasps should be performed for 1– 5 minutes due to the following factors: accuracy, surface roughness, surface structure, initial retention, and stability of retention. To maintain appropriate long‐term retentive force, the retentive arms should be placed in the 1/2 undercut area of the abutment tooth.
Implant Surface Modification Using Laser Guided Coatings: In Vitro Comparison of Mechanical Properties
Authors: Vasanthan Asvin , Kim Hyunbin , Drukteinis Saulius , Lacefield William 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Purpose: Plasma‐sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA)‐coated implants show failures along the coating–substrate interface due to poor bond strength. We analyzed HA coatings obtained by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and compared them to commercially used plasma‐sprayed coatings with respect to their bond strength to titanium alloy (Ti‐6Al‐4V), as well as surface roughness alterations produced by each of the two deposition methods. Materials and Methods: Twelve titanium alloy disks were plasma‐sprayed under commercial implant coating conditions, and 24 titanium alloy disks were coated using PLD. All coatings were characterized by the presence of the different calcium phosphate (CaP) phases. The plasma‐sprayed coatings (n = 12) were predominantly HA, and the pulsed laser‐deposited coatings were hydroxydyapatite (n = 12) and HA coating with a tetra calcium phosphate (TTCP) phase (n = 12). The surface roughness was analyzed before and after the coating processes to assess roughness changes to the surface by the coatings. The adhesive bond strengths of these coatings to the substrate titanium alloy was tested and compared. Scheffé's test was used to analyze the statistical significance of the data. Results: The surface roughness alteration following PLD was a decrease of 0.2 μm, whereas following plasma spraying the decrease was 1.0 μm. Bond strengths were as follows [mean (SD) in MPa]: pulsed laser‐deposited HA coatings: 68.3 (17.8); pulsed laser‐deposited HA with tetra‐CaP: 55.2 (21.1); plasma‐sprayed HA 17.0 (2.8). The multivariate Scheffé's test revealed that HA coatings obtained by PLD had significantly increased bond strengths compared with the plasma sprayed ones (p≤ 0.05). Conclusions: HA coatings obtained by PLD showed greater adherence to titanium alloy. PLD offers an alternative method to produce thinner coatings with better adherence properties, along with precise control over the deposition process.
Resin‐Bonded Overcasting to Salvage a Long‐Span Fixed Prosthesis: A Clinical Report
Authors: Shimizu Hiroshi , Takahashi Yutaka 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTo salvage a failing long‐span fixed partial denture (FPD), a resin‐bonded overcasting made of a silver‐palladium‐copper‐gold alloy was fabricated and cemented using an adhesive metal conditioner and adhesive resin luting agent to an existing multiple‐abutment FPD.
Using the Pinledge as a Conservative Retainer: A Clinical Report
Authors: Over Larry Michael 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPrior to the invention of the metal ceramic crown, the pinledge retainer served prosthodontic dentistry for many years. The metal ceramic retainer has been the standard of choice for the majority of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) for nearly 40 years. Recent advances with acid‐etched, resin‐bonded metal retainers and most recently all‐ceramic retainers may have led many to believe that the pinledge retainer is an outdated treatment modality. This clinical report provides examples of several types of pinledge retainers used to restore missing teeth or to splint teeth. These patient examples will also demonstrate that the pinledge retainer can provide excellent esthetics for today's appearance‐conscious patients.
ICK Classification System for Partially Edentulous Arches
Authors: Al‐Johany Sulieman S. , Andres Carl 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSeveral methods of classification of partially edentulous arches have been proposed and are in use. The most familiar classifications are those originally proposed by Kennedy, Cummer, and Bailyn. None of these classification systems include implants, simply because most of them were proposed before implants became widely accepted. At this time, there is no classification system for partially edentulous arches incorporating implants placed or to be placed in the edentulous spaces for a removable partial denture (RPD). This article proposes a simple classification system for partially edentulous arches with implants based on the Kennedy classification system, with modification, to be used for RPDs. It incorporates the number and positions of implants placed or to be placed in the edentulous areas. A different name, Implant‐Corrected Kennedy (ICK) Classification System, is given to the new classification system to be differentiated from other partially edentulous arch classification systems.
Compressive Damage to the Deep Branch of the Lateral Plantar Nerve Associated with Lameness Caused by Proximal Suspensory Desmitis
Authors: TÓTH FERENC , SCHUMACHER JIM , SCHRAMME MICHAEL , HOLDER TROY , ADAIR H. STEVE , DONNELL ROBERT L. 
Published: June 2008

Objective— To describe pathologic changes in the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve (DBLPN) of horses determined to be lame because of proximal suspensory desmitis (PSD), and to report the outcome after treatment by excision of a segment of the horses' DBLPN.Study Design— Retrospective case series.Animals— Adult horses (n=16).Methods— Horses determined to be lame on one or both pelvic limbs because of PSD were treated by excision of a segment of the DBLPN, and 30 nerves were examined histologically. Owners were contacted to obtain information about the horses ≥6 months after surgery.Results— Histologic changes suggestive of chronic nerve compression were identified in both nerves of 11 bilaterally lame horses and in the lame limb of 5 unilaterally lame horses. The nerve of the sound limb of 2 of 3 unilaterally lame horses that had bilateral nerve resection also had histologic changes compatible with nerve compression. Ten of 16 horses (62.5%) with follow‐up information returned to soundness after excision of the DBLPN.Conclusions— Pathologic changes of the DBLPN associated with compression may complicate PSD of the pelvic limbs. Excision of the nerve may resolve lameness caused by PSD.Clinical Relevance— Horses lame because of PSD of the pelvic limb may remain lame after desmitis has resolved because of compression of the DBLPN. Excising a portion of this nerve may resolve lameness.
The Influence of a Novel Organ Perfusion Solution on Early Graft Function in Canine Renal Autotransplantation
Authors: POLYAK MAXIMILIAN M.R. , GROSCHE ASTRID , TOWL SIMON , MORTON ALISON J. 
Published: June 2008

Objective— To evaluate the influence of a kidney perfusion solution on early graft function in dogs.Study Design— Experimental, randomized study.Animals— Intact adult male mongrel dogs (n=12).Methods— Dogs had renal autograft transplantation without ureteroneocystotomy with contralateral nephrectomy. Kidney graft flushing with a novel organ perfusion solution was compared with flushing with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were measured daily posttransplant for 7 days. Ultrasound‐guided renal biopsy was performed on postoperative day 1 for electron microscopic evaluation. Dogs were euthanatized on day 7.Results— All dogs completed the study. Cr and BUN concentrations of the saline group were significantly greater than the organ perfusion solution group on each postoperative day (P=.01 for S Cr; P=.001 for BUN). Electron micrographs of nuclei and mitochondria from convoluted proximal tubule cells indicated profound ultrastructural disruptions in the saline group and mild ultrastructural disruptions in the organ perfusion solution group.Conclusion— Flushing solution composition can influence early graft function in live donor kidney transplantation.Clinical Relevance— Use of a specialized flushing solution can improve early graft function in canine kidney transplantation, independent of antigen‐mediated events.
Computed Tomography Versus Arthroscopy for Detection of Canine Elbow Dysplasia Lesions
Authors: MOORES ANDREW P. , BENIGNI LIVIA , LAMB CHRISTOPHER R. 
Published: June 2008

Objective—To describe associations between computed tomography (CT) and arthroscopy in dogs with elbow dysplasia lesions.Study Design—Retrospective clinical study.Sample Population—Canine elbows (n=101) investigated by CT and arthroscopy.Methods—CT scans were reviewed for 10 predetermined CT signs and graded for osteophyte size. Surgical reports were reviewed for specific disease features and cartilage erosion grades. Associations between variables were investigated with multivariate logistic regression and correlation between osteophyte size and cartilage erosion with Spearman's rank order correlation.Results—Medial coronoid process (MCP) fragment on CT was significantly associated with the arthroscopic identification of a displaced MCP fragment, cartilage erosion affecting the MCP, and cartilage erosion affecting the humeral condyle. Irregular radial incisure of the ulna on CT was significantly associated with the arthroscopic identification of cartilage erosion affecting the MCP. Osteophytes on CT were significantly associated with an abnormal arthroscopic examination. There was a moderately significant correlation between CT osteophyte grade and cartilage erosion grades for areas of the medial joint compartment (rs=0.44–0.48).Conclusion—Some CT signs are significantly associated with arthroscopic features of elbow dysplasia lesions in dogs; however, other CT signs were not associated with arthroscopic findings, and CT and arthroscopy can provide contradictory information. Osteophyte size is moderately correlated with cartilage erosion of the medial joint compartment.Clinical Relevance—CT can provide valuable information for the investigation of dogs with elbow dysplasia, but the absence of CT signs (or the absence of arthroscopic abnormalities) does not rule out elbow lesions.
Evaluation of Wraps Covering the Distal Aspect of Pelvic Limbs for Prevention of Bacterial Strike‐Through in an Ex Vivo Canine Model
Authors: VINCE KENT J. , LASCELLES B. DUNCAN X. , MATHEWS KYLE G. , ALTIER CRAIG , ROE SIMON C. 
Published: June 2008

Objective—To determine differences in bacterial strike‐through for materials commonly used to cover the distal aspect of the pelvic limb during operative site preparation.Study Design—Randomized block design; ex vivo model.Animals—Canine cadaveric pelvic limbs (n=40).Methods—Pelvic limbs (n=40) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups: Group 1=Vetrap™+sterile Coban™; Group 2=latex glove+Vetrap™+sterile Coban™; Group 3=latex glove+Vetrap™+sterile Coban™+sterile latex glove+sterile Coban™; and Group 4=latex glove+Vetrap™+sterile disposable drape+sterile Coban™. Limbs were contaminated with a standardized bacterial solution and routinely prepared using the assigned distal leg wrap. Bandages were fluid challenged with a saline (0.9% NaCl) solution‐soaked laparotomy sponge for 30 seconds. The wrap surface was sampled for microbial culture before surgical preparation, immediately after, and 60 minutes after applying a sterile leg wrap.Results—Bacterial growth occurred in all Group 1 cultures, 90% of Group 2 cultures, and none of the Group 3 and 4 cultures, 60 minutes after applying the sterile wrap.Conclusion—A distal leg wrap of Vetrap™+sterile Coban™is not effective in preventing bacterial strike‐through.Clinical Relevance—If similar results occur in the live animal, then a sterile impermeable barrier must be incorporated into the distal leg wrap to prevent bacterial strike‐through.
Postsocialist spores: Disease, bodies, and the state in the Republic of Georgia
Authors: DUNN ELIZABETH CULLEN 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTThe former Soviet Republic of Georgia has the world's highest rate of botulism—a rate over 90 times the U.S. rate. Why is Georgia disproportionately affected by this potentially fatal disease? I argue that unraveling the origins of hyperendemic botulism requires a new understanding of the state, one that sees it not only as an ensemble of actors, ideas, and objects but also as a phenomenon that creates discontiguous and variegated spaces. I trace the economic origins of botulism in Georgia to the organization of the Soviet state and the way it collapsed, examine how local ideas of purity and danger affect the range of possible solutions, and look at the ways that new kinds of state projects create isolation and disease as well as inclusion and health. [botulism, Georgia, state, epidemiology, public health, food safety, postsocialism]
“We have to think like capitalists but continue being socialists”: Medicalized subjectivities, emergent capital, and socialist entrepreneurs in post‐Soviet Cuba
Authors: BROTHERTON P. SEAN 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTThrough an engagement with historical, epistemological, and ethnographic modes of analyses, I trace how individual bodily practices—that is, practices relating to the body and its health—in contemporary Cuba provide a fertile terrain for examining the multiple pathways through which political subjectivities are created and transformed. Specifically, I highlight the ways in which these practices serve as de facto access to basic health services and supplies and actively contribute to the daily functioning of Cuba's socialist health care system. I argue that scholars must move beyond contrasting rote descriptions of socialism vis‐à‐vis capitalism and, rather, look to new fields of inquiry that address the coproduction and coexistence of different forms of capital and new configurations of statecraft and subjectivity in 21st‐century Cuba. [Cuba, state, capital, bodily practices, subjectivity, socialism]
Increasing Ang1/Tie2 expression by simvastatin treatment induces vascular stabilization and neuroblast migration after stroke
Authors: Chen Jieli , Cui Xu , Zacharek Alex , Chopp Michael 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this study, we tested the hypothesis that the Angiopoietin 1 (Ang1)/Tie2 pathway mediates simvastatin‐induced vascular integrity and migration of neuroblasts after stroke. Rats were subjected to 2 hrs of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and treated, starting 1 day after stroke with or without simvastatin (1 mg/kg, daily) for 7 days. Simvastatin treatment significantly decreased blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage and concomitantly, increased Ang1, Tie2 and Occludin expression in the ischaemic border (IBZ) compared to the MCAo control group. Simvastatin also significantly increased doublecortin (DCX, a marker of migrating neuroblasts) expression in the IBZ compared to control MCAo rats. DCX was highly expressed around vessels. To further investigate the signalling pathway of simvastatin‐induced vascular stabilization and angiogenesis, rat brain microvascular endothelial cell (RBMEC) culture was employed. The data show that simvastatin treatment of RBMEC increased Ang1 and Tie2 gene and protein expression and promoted phosphorylated‐Tie2 activity. Simvastatin significantly increased endothelial capillary tube formation, an index of angiogenesis, compared to non‐treated control. Inhibition of Ang1 or knockdown of Tie2 gene expression in endothelial cells significantly attenuated simvastatin‐induced capillary tube formation. In addition, simvastatin significantly increased subventricular zone (SVZ) explant cell migration compared to non‐treatment control. Inhibition of Ang1 significantly attenuated simvastatin‐induced SVZ cell migration. Simvastatin treatment of stroke increases Ang1/Tie2 expression and thereby reduces BBB leakage and promotes vascular stabilization. Ang1/Tie2 expression induced by simvastatin treatment promotes neuroblast micro‐vascular coupling after stroke.
A lesson in treating the whole patient: Todd Nicholson’s story
Authors: Sibbald R. Gary , Coutts Pat , Norton Linda , Nicholson Todd 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe authors present a patients story to demonstrate the usefulness of a complete patient approach, incorporating V.A.C. therapy, to achieving clinical success from the patients perspective. The article discusses why a total patient approach is important and therapeutic flexibility increases the chance of a successful outcome for all involved.