bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical comparison of xylazine and medetomidine for premedication of horses
Authors: Yamashita Kazuto , Muir William W. , Tsubakishita Sae , Abrahamsen Eric , Lerch Phillip , Hubbell John A. E. , Bednarski Richard M. , Skarda Roman T. , Izumisawa Yasuharu , Kotani Tadao 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare the analgesic and cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine and xylazine when used for premedication of horses undergoing general anesthesia.Design—Randomized clinical trial.Animals—40 horses.Procedure—Twenty horses were premedicated with medetomidine (10 µg/kg [4.5 µg/lb], IM) and the other 20 were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg/kg [0.9 mg/kg], IM). Horses were then anesthetized with a combination of guaifenesin and ketamine; anesthesia was maintained with halothane. Additional doses of medetomidine or xylazine were given if horses were not sufficiently sedated at the time of anesthetic induction. After induction of anesthesia, sodium pentothal was administered as necessary to prevent limb movements. Hypotension was treated with dobutamine; hypoventilation and hypoxemia were treated with intermittent positive-pressure ventilation. The quality of anesthetic induction, maintenance, and recovery and the quality of the transition to inhalation anesthesia were scored.Results—Scores for the quality of the transition to inhalation anesthesia were significantly higher for horses premedicated with medetomidine than for horses premedicated with xylazine. However, other scores, recovery times, and numbers of attempts needed to achieve sternal recumbency and to stand were not significantly different between groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that medetomidine is suitable for premedication of horses undergoing general anesthesia. Analgesic and cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine were similar to those of xylazine, except that the transition to inhalation anesthesia was smoother when horses were premedicated with medetomidine, rather than xylazine. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:1144–1149)
Infusion of guaifenesin, ketamine, and medetomidine in combination with inhalation of sevoflurane versus inhalation of sevoflurane alone for anesthesia of horses
Authors: Yamashita Kazuto , Muir William W. , Tsubakishita Sae , Abrahamsen Eric , Lerch Phillip , Izumisawa Yasuharu , Kotani Tadao 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate effects of infusion of guaifenesin, ketamine, and medetomidine in combination with inhalation of sevoflurane versus inhalation of sevoflurane alone for anesthesia of horses.Design—Randomized clinical trial.Animals—40 horses.Procedure—Horses were premedicated with xylazine and anesthetized with diazepam and ketamine. Anesthesia was maintained by infusion of guaifenesin, ketamine, and medetomidine and inhalation of sevoflurane (20 horses) or by inhalation of sevoflurane (20 horses). A surgical plane of anesthesia was maintained by controlling the inhaled concentration of sevoflurane. Sodium pentothal was administered as necessary to prevent movement in response to surgical stimulation. Hypotension was treated with dobutamine; hypoxemia and hypercarbia were treated with intermittent positive- pressure ventilation. The quality of anesthetic induction, maintenance, and recovery and the quality of the transition to inhalation anesthesia were scored.Results—The delivered concentration of sevoflurane (ie, the vaporizer dial setting) was significantly lower and the quality of transition to inhalation anesthesia and of anesthetic maintenance were significantly better in horses that received the guaifenesin-ketamine-medetomidine infusion than in horses that did not. Five horses, all of which received sevoflurane alone, required administration of pentothal. Recovery time and quality of recovery were not significantly different between groups, but horses that received the guaifenesin-ketamine-medetomidine infusion required fewer attempts to stand.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that in horses, the combination of a guaifenesin-ketamine- medetomidine infusion and inhalation of sevoflurane resulted in better transition and maintenance phases while improving cardiovascular function and reducing the number of attempts needed to stand after the completion of anesthesia, compared with inhalation of sevoflurane. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:1150–1155)
Neospora caninum serostatus and culling of Holstein cattle
Authors: Cramer Gerard , Kelton David , Duffield Todd F. , Hobson Jamie C. , Lissemore Kerry , Hietala Sharon K. , Peregrine Andrew S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether time until culling or risk of culling was associated withNeospora caninumserostatus among Holstein cattle in dairy herds in Ontario.Design—Retrospective cohort study.Animals—3,412 cows in 56 herds.Procedure—Blood samples were collected, and serum was tested for antibodies againstN caninum. Information on cows that were culled was collected during the 1- to 2-year period that producers were unaware of serostatus of individual cows in their herds.Results—Herd prevalence ofN caninum-seropositive cows ranged from 0 to 68.3% (median, 7.0%). During the time of the study, 184 of 359 (51.3%)N caninum-seropositive cows were culled, compared with 1,388 of 3,053 (45.5%) seronegative cows. Mean time from blood sample collection to culling for seronegative cows (289 days; 95% confidence interval, 280 to 299 days) was not significantly different from mean time for seropositive cows (296 days; 95% confidence interval, 269 to 323 days). Survival analysis indicated thatN caninumserostatus was not associated with time to culling or risk of culling.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest thatN caninumserostatus of Holstein cows in Ontario was not significantly associated with either time to culling or risk of culling. Thus,N caninumserostatus alone should not be used to determine whether cows should be culled. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:1165–1168)
Doppler echocardiographic effects of medetomidine on dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in cats
Authors: Lamont Leigh A. , Bulmer Barret J. , Sisson David D. , Grimm Kurt A. , Tranquilli William J. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the effects of medetomidine
on dynamic left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT)
obstruction in cats with left ventricular hypertrophy.

Design—Clinical trial.

Animals—6 domestic shorthair cats with echocardiographic
evidence of dynamic LVOT obstruction.

Procedure—Cats were restrained in lateral recumbency,
and baseline M-mode and Doppler echocardiographic
examinations were performed. An ECG
was recorded continuously, and blood pressure was
measured indirectly with Doppler instrumentation.
Medetomidine (20 µg/kg [9.1 µg/lb]) was then administered
IM, and examinations were repeated 15 minutes
later.

Results—Significant decreases in heart rate, LVOT
velocity, and the LVOT pressure gradient were documented
following medetomidine administration.
After adjusting for the effects of heart rate by
ANCOVA, there were no significant differences in
any other systolic or diastolic indices of left ventricular
function.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that administration of medetomidine to cats with
dynamic LVOT obstruction may result in elimination of
outflow tract obstruction; medetomidine may be a
suitable sedative and analgesic agent in this subpopulation
of cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;221:1276–1281)
Evaluation of urine marking by cats as a model for understanding veterinary diagnostic and treatment approaches and client attitudes
Authors: Bergman Laurie , Hart Benjamin L. , Bain Melissa , Cliff Kelly 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To obtain information regarding diagnostic and treatment approaches of veterinarians and attitudes and beliefs of clients about a common clinical problem, urine marking in cats.Design—Cohort study.Study Population—70 veterinarians providing care for urine-marking cats and 500 owners of urine-marking cats.Procedure—Veterinarians were interviewed via telephone regarding criteria for diagnosis of urine marking and recommended treatments. Cat owners who responded to recruitment efforts for a clinical trial for urine-marking cats were interviewed via telephone regarding whether and from what sources they sought help to resolve the marking problem.Results—Almost a third of veterinarians did not seem to correctly distinguish between urine marking (spraying) and inappropriate urination. Those that did make this diagnostic distinction reported recommending environmental management and prescribing medication significantly more often that those that did not make this distinction. Seventy-four percent of cat owners sought help from their veterinarians for urine marking; other common sources of information were the Internet and friends. Among those who did not consult a veterinarian, the most frequently cited reason was that they did not think their veterinarian could help. Among cat owners who consulted their veterinarians, 8% reported receiving advice on environmental hygiene and 4% on environmental management (limiting intercat interactions), although veterinarians who correctly diagnosed urine marking reported giving such advice 100 and 83% of the time, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results may serve as a model for obtaining information critical to developing veterinary continuing education and public outreach programs for animal owners for various diseases. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:1282–1286)
Intranasal infusion of enilconazole for treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs
Authors: Zonderland Jean-Luc , Störk Christoph K. , Saunders Jimmy H. , Hamaide Annick J. , Balligand Marc H. , Clercx Cecile M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine effectiveness of infusion of 1 and 2% enilconazole for treatment of nasal and sinusal aspergillosis, respectively, in dogs.Design—Case series.Animals—26 client-owned dogs with aspergillosis.Procedure—All dogs had typical clinical signs of aspergillosis and rhinoscopically visible intrasinusal or intranasal fungal plaques associated with turbinate destruction. During rhinoscopy, affected nasal cavities and frontal sinuses were debrided meticulously. Nineteen dogs (group A) were treated with 1% enilconazole by use of a modified noninvasive infusion procedure. Seven dogs (group B) were treated with 2% enilconazole via catheters that were placed via endoscopic guidance into the frontal sinuses. All dogs underwent follow-up rhinoscopy for determination of further treatment until cure was established.Results—Age, disease duration, clinical score, and rhinoscopic score were similar for both groups before treatment. In group A, 17 of 19 dogs were cured; 9, 6, and 2 dogs were cured after 1, 2, or 3 treatments, respectively. The remaining 2 dogs were euthanatized before the end of the treatment protocol. In group B, all dogs were cured; 6 dogs and 1 dog were cured after 1 or 2 treatments, respectively. Only minor adverse effects such as nasal discharge, epistaxis, and sneezing developed.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—After extensive rhinoscopic debridement, 1 and 2% enilconazole infused into the nasal cavities and the frontal sinuses, respectively, were effective for treatment of aspergillosis in dogs. Intrasinusal administration via endoscopically placed catheters appeared to require fewer infusions for success. Follow-up rhinoscopy is strongly advised. (J Am Med Vet Assoc2002;221:1421–1425)
Clinical features and outcome in dogs and cats with obsessive-compulsive disorder: 126 cases (1989–2000)
Authors: Overall Karen L. , Dunham Arthur E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical features and outcome in dogs and cats with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Design—Retrospective study.Animals—103 dogs and 23 cats.Procedures—Records of patients with OCD were analyzed for clinical features, medication used, extent of behavior modification, and outcome.Results—Most dogs affected with OCD had been obtained from breeders. Male dogs significantly outnumbered females (2:1). Female cats outnumbered male cats by 2:1 in a small sample. Most affected dogs lived in households with 2 or more humans and other dogs or cats, and had some formal training. Client compliance with behavior modification was high. A combination of behavior modification and medication resulted in a large decrease in intensity and frequency of OCD in most animals. Clomipramine was significantly more efficacious for treatment in dogs than was amitriptyline. Only 1 dog and 1 cat were euthanatized because of OCD during the study.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—OCD in dogs does not appear to be associated with lack of training, lack of household stimulation, or social confinement. In cats, OCD may be associated with environmental and social stress. Obsessive-compulsive disorder appears at the time of social maturity and may have sporadic and heritable forms. With appropriate treatment (consistent behavior modification and treatment with clomipramine), frequency and intensity of clinical signs in most dogs and cats may decrease by > 50%. Success appears to depend on client understanding and compliance and the reasonable expectation that OCD cannot be cured, but can be well controlled. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:1445–1452)
Prospective evaluation of laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy in dogs susceptible to gastric dilatation
Authors: Rawlings Clarence A. , Mahaffey Mary B. , Bement Shannon , Canalis Chanda 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine long-term outcome associated with laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy in prevention of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) in susceptible dogs and to evaluate use of laparoscopy to correct GDV.Design—Prospective study.Animals—25 client-owned large-breed dogs.Procedure—23 dogs susceptible to GDV were referred as candidates for elective gastropexy. These dogs had a history of treatment for gastric dilatation, clinical signs of gastric dilatation, or family members with gastric dilatation. Laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy was performed. One year after surgery, abdominal ultrasonography was performed to evaluate the attachment of the stomach to the abdominal wall. Two dogs with GDV were also treated with laparoscopic-assisted derotation of the stomach and gastropexy.Results—None of the dogs developed GDV during the year after gastropexy, and all 20 dogs examined ultrasonographically had an intact attachment. Another dog was euthanatized at 11.5 months for unrelated problems. Two dogs with GDV successfully underwent laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy after the stomach was repositioned.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Laparoscopicassisted gastropexy resulted in a persisting attachment between the stomach and abdominal wall, an absence of GDV development, and few complications. Dogs with a high probability for development of GDV should be considered candidates for minimally invasive gastropexy. Carefully selected dogs with GDV can be treated laparoscopically. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:1576–1581)
Comparison of a sidestream capnograph and a mainstream capnograph in mechanically ventilated dogs
Authors: Neto Francisco J. Teixeira , Carregaro Adriano B. , Mannarino Rodrigo , Cruz Mariângela L. , Luna Stelio P. L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare the ability of a sidestream capnograph and a mainstream capnograph to measure end-tidal CO2(ETCO2) and provide accurate estimates of PaCO2in mechanically ventilated dogs.Design—Randomized, double Latin square.Animals—6 healthy adult dogs.Procedure—Anesthesia was induced and neuromuscular blockade achieved by IV administration of pancuronium bromide. Mechanical ventilation was used to induce conditions of standard ventilation, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. While tidal volume was held constant, changes in minute volume ventilation and PaCO2were made by changing the respiratory rate. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed and ETCO2measurements were obtained by use of either a mainstream or a sidestream capnographic analyzer.Results—A linear regression model and bias analysis were used to compare PaCO2and ETCO2measurements; ETCO2measurements obtained by both capnographs correlated well with PaCO2. Compared with PaCO2, mainstream ETCO2values differed by 3.15 ± 4.89 mm Hg (mean bias ± SD), whereas the bias observed with the sidestream ETCO2system was significantly higher (5.65 ± 5.57 mm Hg). Regardless of the device used to measure ETCO2, bias increased as PaCO2exceeded 60 mm Hg.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although the mainstream capnograph was slightly more accurate, both methods of ETCO2measurement correlated well with PaCO2and reflected changes in the ventilatory status. However, ETCO2values > 45 mm Hg may inaccurately reflect the severity of hypoventilation as PaCO2may be underestimated during conditions of hypercapnia (PaCO2> 60 mm Hg). (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:1582–1585)
Arthroscopic evaluation of menisci in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament injuries: 100 cases (1999–2000)
Authors: Ralphs S. Christopher , Whitney Wayne O. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine prevalence of meniscal injuries by use of arthroscopic examination in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injuries.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—94 dogs with 100 injured CCLs.Procedure—Records for 94 large dogs (> 20 kg [44 lb]) with 100 naturally occurring CCL injuries that were examined arthroscopically were reviewed. Pathologic findings in the CCL (complete or partial tears), prevalence and type of meniscal injuries, and periarticular osteophytes were recorded.Results—77% of joints had tears of the lateral meniscus; most were a series of small radial tears of the cranial horn. Fifty-eight percent of joints had tears of the medial meniscus. Positive correlation between complete tears of the CCL and medial meniscal damage was found. No significant relationships were detected between periarticular osteophyte formation and meniscal injury, medial and lateral meniscal injury, or degree of CCL tear and lateral meniscal injury.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—There is a strong association between CCL injury and lateral and medial meniscal injuries in dogs. Clinical importance of lateral meniscal lesions is not known; a much higher percentage of dogs had such injuries than has been reported previously, possibly because of use of arthroscopy. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:1601–1604)
Risk of abortion associated with Neospora caninumduring different lactations and evidence of congenital transmission in dairy cows
Authors: Hernandez Jorge , Risco Carlos , Donovan Arthur 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To examine the relationship between exposure toNeospora caninumand abortion in dairy cows during their first, second, third, and fourth or later lactations and to establish the main mode of transmission in female calves from birth until their first pregnancy was terminated by abortion or parturition.Design—Prospective observational study.Animals—460 Holstein cows and 79 female calves.Procedure—Cows were classified as seropositive or seronegative toN caninumwithin 7 days after calving; incidence of abortion was compared between groups during different lactations. Blood samples were collected from female calves before ingestion of colostrum and every 6 months until their first pregnancy was terminated by abortion or parturition; number of seropositive calves was compared between seropositive and seronegative dams.Results—During the first pregnancy of their second lactation, risk of abortion for seropositive cows was 2.8 times that of seronegative cows. Among 10 calves born to seropositive cows, 4 were classified as seropositive at birth and thereafter. Among 69 calves born to seronegative cows, all were classified as seronegative at birth; 67 calves remained seronegative thereafter.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Exposure toN caninumalone was not significantly associated with abortion in cows during the first, third, and fourth or later lactations. Seropositive cows that have aborted previously may have subsequent abortions attributable toN caninum. Congenital infection was the main mode ofN caninumtransmission in a cohort of female calves. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:1742–1746)
Measurement of body temperature by use of auricular thermometers versus rectal thermometers in dogs with otitis externa
Authors: González A. Michelle , Mann F. A. , Preziosi Diane E. , Meadows Richard L. , Wagner-Mann Colette C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare measurements of body temperature obtained with auricular thermometers versus rectal thermometers in dogs with otitis externa.Design—Prospective study.Animals—100 client-owned dogs: 50 with and 50 without clinical evidence of otitis externa.Procedure—Dogs were evaluated for the presence of otitis externa on the basis of clinical signs, otoscopic examination, and cytologic evaluation of ear exudate. Auricular and rectal temperatures were obtained simultaneously in all dogs prior to and following ear examination.Results—There was a high correlation between auricular and rectal temperatures in dogs with otitis externa both prior to and after ear manipulation. Significant differences were not detected in temperature measurements among dogs with different degrees of otitis externa.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Auricular temperature readings obtained by use of an auricular thermometer in dogs with otitis externa are accurate measurements of body temperature, compared with rectal temperature measurements. Temperature measurements are reliable before and after examination of the ear canal. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002; 221:378–380)
Serum cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin T concentrations in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus
Authors: Schober Karsten E. , Cornand Corinna , Kirbach Babett , Aupperle Heike , Oechtering Gerhard 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether serum concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) are increased in dogs with gastric dilatationvolvulus (GDV) and whether concentrations correlate with severity of ECG abnormalities or outcome.Design—Prospective case series.Animals—85 dogs with GDV.Procedure—Serum cTnI and cTnT concentrations were measured 12 to 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after surgery. Dogs were grouped on the basis of severity of ECG abnormalities and outcome.Results—cTnI and cTnT were detected in serum from 74 (87%) and 43 (51%) dogs, respectively. Concentrations were significantly different among groups when dogs were grouped on the basis of severity of ECG abnormalities (none or mild vs moderate vs severe). Dogs that died (n = 16) had significantly higher serum cTnI (24.9 ng/ml) and cTnT (0.18 ng/ml) concentrations than did dogs that survived (2.05 and < 0.01 ng/ml, respectively). Myocardial cell injury was confirmed at necropsy in 4 dogs with high serum cardiac troponin concentrations.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate that concentrations of cTnI and cTnT suggestive of myocardial cell injury can commonly be found in serum from dogs with GDV and that serum cardiac troponin concentrations are associated with severity of ECG abnormalities and outcome. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:381–388)