bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioid medications and longitudinal risk of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients
Authors: Gaudreau Jean‐David , Gagnon Pierre , Roy Marc‐André , Harel François , Tremblay Annie 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Delirium is an important problem in hospitalized cancer patients. The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure to corticosteroids, benzodiazepines, or opioids predicted delirium.METHODS.A prospective cohort study was conducted in an oncology/internal medicine population. Patients were assessed continuously for the presence of delirium until they were discharged by using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu‐DESC). Follow‐up for outcome began after incident delirium. The primary outcome was the presence of a delirium event, which was defined as a Nu‐DESC score >1. Strengths of associations of medications with delirium were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) in univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTS.In total, 114 patients (1823 patient‐days) met the inclusion criteria for the study. The mean follow‐up from incident delirium was 16 days. The mean number of delirium events by patient was 6 (total number, 667 delirium events). Analysis by day on several occasions revealed significant associations between opioids and delirium. Corticosteroids and benzodiazepines were not associated significantly with an increased risk of delirium on any given day. Analysis by patient using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models showed an increased risk of delirium on any day of follow‐up associated with opioid exposure in univariate analysis (OR of 1.70; P < .0001). The association remained significant after adjustment for corticosteroid, benzodiazepine, and antipsychotic exposure using GEE regressions (OR of 1.37; P = .0033). Truncating follow‐up at 30 days did not affect the results (OR of 1.38; P < .032).CONCLUSIONS.Exposure to opioids during hospitalization was associated significantly with an increased longitudinal risk of delirium. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Small bowel carcinoid (enterochromaffin cell) neoplasia exhibits transforming growth factor–β1‐mediated regulatory abnormalities including up‐regulation of C‐Myc and MTA1
Authors: Kidd Mark , Modlin Irvin M. , Pfragner Roswitha , Eick Geeta N. , Champaneria Manish C. , Chan Anthony K. , Camp Robert L. , Mane Shrikant M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Although it is known that small intestinal carcinoids are derived from enterochromaffin (EC) cells, these cells remain poorly characterized and little is known of the growth regulatory mechanisms of these neuroendocrine cells. Down‐regulation or loss of the transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGFβ1) cytostatic program and activation of TGFβ‐mediated transcriptional networks is associated with uncontrolled growth and metastasis in other neural tumors, glioblastomas. Whether this phenomenon is common to small intestinal carcinoid tumors was investigated.METHODS.The effects of TGFβ1 on cultured normal EC cells (isolated by FACS sorting) and the neoplastic EC cell line, KRJ‐I, was assessed using the MTT assay. The TGFβRII transcript and protein were identified in tumor cells and the effects of TGFβ1 on SMAD2 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation quantified. The time‐dependent response of SMAD4, SMAD7, c‐Myc, and P21WAF1/CIP1 protein expression and c‐Myc and p21WAF1/CIP1 transcript was measured in response to TGFβ1 and the transcript expression of candidate downstream targets, MTA1 and E‐cadherin, were assessed.RESULTS.TGFβ1 inhibited normal EC cell proliferation (IC50 = 17 pM) but stimulated neoplastic EC cell proliferation (EC50 = 22 pM). In tumor cells, significantly decreased transcript (P < .01) of TGFβRII was identified, but no receptor mutations were identified and protein expression was evident. TGFβ1 (1 ng/mL) resulted in SMAD2 phosphorylation and <7% nuclear expression compared with 93% in normal EC cells. In neoplastic cells, TGFβ1 (1 ng/mL) caused a decrease in SMAD4 (>16%, P < .05), whereas SMAD7 and c‐Myc transcript and protein were respectively increased >21% (P < .05) and ≈40% (P < .002). TGFβ1 (1 ng/mL) also decreased p21WAF1/CIP1 transcript by 60% (P < .001) and protein that was undetectable at 24 hours. Expression of the downstream targets of the c‐Myc pathway, MTA1, was increased (20%) and E‐cadherin decreased (30%).CONCLUSIONS.The neoplastic EC cell is characterized by loss of TGFβ‐1‐mediated growth inhibition and, similar to glioblastomas, utilizes the TGFβ system to induce gene responses associated with growth promotion (c‐Myc and the ERK pathway), invasion (E‐cadherin), and metastasis (MTA1). Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Cover Picture: Acetylene‐Substituted Phosphane Oxides: Building Blocks for Macrocycles (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 15/2007)
Authors: van Assema Sander G. A. , de Jong G. Bas , Ehlers Andreas W. , de Kanter Frans J. J. , Schakel Marius , Spek Anthony L. , Lutz Martin , Lammertsma Koop 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe cover picture shows the synthesis of three novel phosphorus‐based macrocycles with acetylenic scaffolds from simple and accessible building blocks. The 14‐membered macrocycle was obtained as cis and trans isomers from cyclization of diisopropylphosphoramidic dibromide and 1,2‐bis(ethynyl)benzene. The four‐ and six‐edged macrocycles in which the iPr2NP(O) units are connected through 1,3‐butadiyne rods were obtained after multiple acetylene coupling reactions under oxidative Hay conditions starting from the diethynylphosphinic amide building block. Further details are discussed in the article by K. Lammertsma et al. on p 2405 ff.
Identifying bacterial species using CE–MS and SEQUEST with an empirical scoring function
Authors: Hu Anren , Lo Alan A.‐L. , Chen Cheng‐Tung , Lin Kuo‐Chih , Ho Yen‐Peng 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCE‐MS/MS analysis of proteolytic digests of bacterial cell extracts was combined with SEQUEST searching and a new scoring system to identify bacteria species in bacterial mixtures. Searches of MS/MS spectra against protein databases enabled the identification of bacterial species by the matching of the proteins associated with the corresponding species. An empirical scoring function was obtained by evaluating the SEQUEST search results of 38 samples that contained single bacterial species. The scoring by the empirical function helped move up the positive identification results from their original positions in the ranking based on Xcorr values alone. Therefore, the identification of bacteria in the samples that contained bacterial mixtures was improved. Bacterial species in 20 bacterial mixtures, including one real sample, were correctly identified by database searches and the new scoring function.
Clustering based on geometry and interactions of turbulence bursting rate processes in a trough region
Authors: Mazumder Rahul 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper aims at understanding turbulence occurring due to fluid flow in the trough region between two artificial adjacent asymmetric waveforms in an open‐channel using velocity data collected by 3‐D Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), concentrating on interactions among the turbulence bursting phenomena across different spatial locations. The Statistical Learning stage of the analysis begins with the identification and extraction of statistically informative and physically interpretable features in the geometry of the Bursting Rate Processes (BRP). Statistical measures characterising the differences among the concerned processes have been developed and used for splitting the trough region into different regions based on the geometry, structure and randomness in the BRP, using the principles of statistical clustering involving parametric, non‐parametric techniques and ideas of information theoretic entropy. Experimental observations support the existence of certain BRP which may be considered to be dominant over the others in an almost global sense. The issue of identifying a single bursting phenomenon that changes its orientation strongly relative to others or its closest neighbour across all spatial locations or stretches of vertical heights for every horizontal location and its importance in the entire physical scenario in the light of the spatial clustering problem has been addressed and settled too. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The principle of channel overloading and design of some practical schemes
Authors: Nadal Florence , Sari Hikmet 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChannel overloading, which refers to accommodating a larger number of users on a channel than can be achieved with orthogonal signalling, is currently a very hot topic for future wireless systems. A number of approaches have been described in the literature and the most efficient of them are based on using multiple sets of orthogonal signal waveforms. Multiuser interference, which is inherent to channel overloading, is handled using maximum likelihood (ML) detection or iterative interference cancellation. In this paper, we discuss the principle of channel overloading and give the overload limits with different signal constellations. We interpret the various channel overloading schemes available in the literature as multilevel coding of an expanded signal constellation, and this interpretation gives us insight into their performance and limitations and enables us to construct some novel multiple access schemes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maximum precision‐lifetime curve for joint sensor selection and data routing in sensor networks
Authors: Bulbul Kerem , Ercetin Ozgur 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn many classes of monitoring applications employing battery‐limited sensor networks, periodic sampling of an area with a given precision level is required. For such applications, we provide mathematical programming formulations for deriving the optimal trade‐off curve between network lifetime and data precision, and design a practical heuristic for near‐optimal operation. The properties of our models and the effectiveness of our heuristic are demonstrated by computational experiments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance analysis of nonlinearly amplified M‐QAM signals in MIMO channels
Authors: Sulyman Ahmed Iyanda , Ibnkahla Mohamed 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the effect of nonlinearity in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channels. New results on the error rate performance of several M‐QAM constellations in linear and nonlinear MIMO channels are presented. The results show that for any MIMO configuration, performance degradation due to nonlinearity reduces as the fading gets more severe, and for a particular fading channel, the degradation increases as the MIMO dimension is increased. Optimum operating points for nonlinear amplifiers in MIMO channels are then reported. At these points, highly efficient utilisation of the amplifiers are achieved at minimal performance loss. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation and endotoxin activities of lipopolysaccharides from cyanobacterial cultures and complex water blooms and comparison with the effects of heterotrophic bacteria and green alga
Authors: Bernardová Kateřina , Babica Pavel , Maršálek Blahoslav , Bláha Luděk 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMassive cyanobacterial water blooms are serious environmental and health problems worldwide. While some cyanobacterial toxins such as peptide microcystins have been investigated extensively, other toxic components of cyanobacteria (e.g. lipopolysaccharides, LPS) are poorly understood. The present study characterized endotoxin activities of LPS isolated from (i) laboratory cyanobacterial cultures, (ii) cyanobacterial water bloom samples dominated by Microcystis sp., Planktothrix sp., Aphanizomenon sp. and Anabaena sp., (iii) heterotrophic Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Kluyvera intermedia, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens and (iv) green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Toxicity results derived with Limulus amebocyte lysate assay (LAL‐test) showed that endotoxin activities of LPS from both cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria were comparable and the values were within a similar range (1 × 103–1 × 106 Endotoxin Units, EU, per mg of isolated LPS). The highest activities among the cyanobacterial samples were observed in the Aphanizomenon sp. dominated water bloom. The results also suggest generally higher endotoxin activities in complex natural samples than in laboratory cyanobacterial cultures. Further, experiments with the eukaryotic green alga P. subcapitata demonstrated a need for careful purification of the LPS extracts prior to testing with the LAL assay as several contaminants may overestimate endotoxin activities. This study shows relatively high pyrogenicity of LPS from various cyanobacteria. Further research should focus on detailed toxicological and ecotoxicological characterization of LPS in massive cyanobacterial water blooms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixed covering arrays on graphs
Authors: Meagher Karen , Moura Lucia , Zekaoui Latifa 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCovering arrays have applications in software, network and circuit testing. In this article, we consider a generalization of covering arrays that allows mixed alphabet sizes as well as a graph structure that specifies the pairwise interactions that need to be tested. Letkandnbe positive integers, and letGbe a graph withkverticesv1,v2,…,vkwith respective vertex weightsg1≤g2≤ … ≤gk. Amixed covering arrayonG, denoted by$CA( {n,G,\;\prod\nolimits_{i = 1}^k {g_i } } )$, is ann×karray such that columnicorresponds tovi, cells in columniare filled with elements from ℤgiand every pair of columnsi,jcorresponding to an edgevi,vjinGhas every possible pair from ℤgi× ℤgjappearing in some row. The number of rows in such array is called itssize. Given a weighted graphG, a mixed covering array onGwith minimum size is calledoptimal. In this article, we give upper and lower bounds on the size of mixed covering arrays on graphs based on graph homomorphisms. We provide constructions for covering arrays on graphs based on basic graph operations. In particular, we construct optimal mixed covering arrays on trees, cycles and bipartite graphs; the constructed optimal objects have the additional property of being nearly point balanced. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 15: 393–404, 2007
Activated microglia affect the nigro‐striatal dopamine neurons differently in neonatal and aged mice treated with 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine
Authors: Sawada Hirohide , Hishida Ryohei , Hirata Yoko , Ono Kenji , Suzuki Hiromi , Muramatsu Shin‐ichi , Nakano Imaharu , Nagatsu Toshiharu , Sawada Makoto 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMicroglia play an important role in the inflammatory process that occurs in Parkinson's disease (PD). Activated microglia produce cytokines and neurotrophins and may have neurotoxic or neurotrophic effects. Because microglia are most proliferative and easily activated during the neonatal period, we examined the effects of neonatal microglia activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the nigro‐striatal dopamine neurons in mice treated with 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), in comparison with activated microglia from the aged mice. By MPTP administration to neonatal mice, the number of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) was decreased significantly, whereas that in the mice treated with LPS and MPTP was recovered to normal, along with significant microglial activation. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity, the levels of dopamine and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐6 in the midbrain were elevated in the neonates treated with LPS and MPTP. On the contrary, although the number of dopamine neurons in the 60‐week‐old mice treated with MPTP was also decreased significantly, the microglial activation by LPS treatment caused a further decrease in their number. These results suggest that the activated microglia in neonatal mice are different from those in aged mice, with the former having neurotrophic potential toward the dopamine neurons in the SN, in contrast to the neurotoxic effect of the latter. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peptidyl argininedeiminase 2 CpG island in multiple sclerosis white matter is hypomethylated
Authors: Mastronardi Fabrizio G. , Noor Abdul , Wood D. Denise , Paton Tara , Moscarello Mario A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn previous studies, we documented increased citrullinated myelin basic protein (MBP) was present in MBP isolated from multiple sclerosis (MS) normal appearing white matter (NAWM). This increase was due to the myelin enzyme peptidyl argininedeiminase 2 (PAD2). In this study, we show that methylation of cytosine of the PAD2 promoter in DNA from MS NAWM was decreased to one‐third of the level of that in DNA from normal white matter. The PAD2 promoter in DNA from thymus obtained from the same MS patients and white matter DNA from Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's was not hypomethylated. DNA demethylase activity in supernatants prepared from NAWM of MS patients was 2‐fold higher than the DNA demethylase from normal, Alzheimer's, Huntington's and Parkinson's disease white matter. The amount of PAD2 enzyme and citrullinated MBP was increased in MS NAWM. The decreased methylation of cytosines in the PAD2 promoter may explain the increased synthesis of PAD2 protein that is responsible for the increased amount of citrullinated MBP, which in turn results in loss of myelin stability in MS brain. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comments and recommendations regarding the hypothesis testing controversy
Authors: Bonett Douglas G. , Wright Thomas A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHypothesis tests are routinely misinterpreted in scientific research. Specifically, the failure to reject a null hypothesis is often interpreted as support for the null hypothesis while the rejection of a null hypothesis is often interpreted as evidence of an important finding. Many of the most frequently used hypothesis tests are “non‐informative” because the null hypothesis is known to be false prior to hypothesis testing. We discuss the limitations of non‐informative hypothesis tests and explain why confidence intervals should be used in their place. Several examples illustrate the use and interpretation of confidence intervals. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Racial differences in promotion candidate performance and reactions to selection procedures: a field study in a diverse top‐management context
Authors: Becton John Bret , Feild Hubert S. , Giles William F. , Jones‐Farmer Allison 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe present study examined African‐American and White promotion candidates' reactions to and performance on selection procedures that were completed within a police department where African Americans occupied the majority of top‐management positions. Reactions (perceived job relatedness and test‐taking motivation) of 187 candidates competing for promotion to the rank of sergeant were assessed after completing a written job knowledge test and a situational interview. Analyses showed that both the African‐American and White candidates judged the situational interview to be more job‐related than the pencil‐and‐paper job knowledge test. In addition, African Americans perceived both selection measures to be more job‐related and reported higher levels of test‐taking motivation than White candidates even though African Americans performed more poorly than White candidates on the paper‐and‐pencil test. These results challenge the contention that lower test‐taking motivation for African‐American candidates is related to racial differences in performance on pencil‐ and‐paper tests. Implications and directions for future research on reactions to selection procedures for promotion in racially diverse employment settings are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paraoxonase 1 gene polymorphisms in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head with and without cerebral white matter lesions
Authors: Hadjigeorgiou Georgios M. , Malizos Konstantinos , Dardiotis Efthimios , Aggelakis Konstantinos , Dardioti Maria , Zibis Aristidis , Dimitroulias Apostolos , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Tsezou Aspasia , Karantanas Apostolos 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCerebral white matter lesions (WML) are present in more than 50% of patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene product is a detoxifying and pesticide metabolizing enzyme. Genetic variants of the PON1 gene have been found to influence the occurrence and progression of WML. We examined whether two PON1 polymorphisms (M55L and R192Q) are associated with ONFH and influence the occurrence of WML. We studied 104 patients with ONFH and 113 healthy age‐ and sex‐matched subjects. We used logistic regression models to examine associations and survival analyses (Cox proportional hazards models) to examine possible influence of alleles on age at onset of ONFH. We found no association of PON1 M55L alleles and genotypes with ONFH. The distribution of PON1 Q192R alleles (p = 0.001) and genotypes (QQ vs. QR/RR) (p = 0.004) were statistically different between controls and patients. Patients with QQ genotype had six times higher risk for WML at brain MRI (adjusted OR 5.95; 95% CI 1.30–27.03; p = 0.02). In Cox models, there was a significant association of allele Q with risk for ONFH indicating a possible dose effect (HR = 1.43; 95%CI = 1.04–1.97; p for trend = 0.03). We conclude that individuals with PON1 192QQ genotype may have increased risk for ONFH and WMLeOn. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1087–1093, 2007
Measurement of varus–valgus and internal–external rotational knee laxities in vivo—Part II: relationship with anterior–posterior and general joint laxity in males and females
Authors: Shultz Sandra J. , Shimokochi Yohei , Nguyen Anh‐Dung , Schmitz Randy J. , Beynnon Bruce D. , Perrin David H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe examined sex differences in general joint laxity (GJL), and anterior–posterior displacement (ANT–POST), varus–valgus rotation (VR–VL), and internal–external rotation (INT–EXT) knee laxities, and determined whether greater ANT and GJL predicted greater VR–VL and INT–EXT. Twenty subjects were measured for GJL, and scored on a scale of 0–9. ANT and POST were measured using a standard knee arthrometer at 133 N. VR–VL and INT–EXT were measured using a custom joint laxity testing device, defined as the angular displacements (deg) of the tibia relative to the femur produced by 0–10 Nm of varus–valgus torques, and 0–5 Nm of internal–external torques, respectively. INT–EXT were measured during both non‐weight‐bearing (NWB) and weight‐bearing (WB = 40% body weight) conditions while VR–VL were measured NWB. All laxity measures were greater for females compared to males except for POST. ANT and GJL positively predicted 62.5% of the variance in VR–VL and 41.8% of the variance in WB INT–EXT. ANT was the sole predictor of INT–EXT in NWB, explaining 42.3% of the variance. These findings suggest that subjects who score higher on clinical measures of GJL and ANT are also likely to have greater VR–VL and INT–EXT knee laxities. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:989–996, 2007