bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term incidence of cervical cancer in women with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Massad L. Stewart , Seaberg Eric C. , Watts D. Heather , Minkoff Howard , Levine Alexandra M. , Henry Donna , Colie Christine , Darragh Teresa M. , Hessol Nancy A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and compare it with the incidence in HIV‐uninfected women.METHODS:In a cohort study of HIV‐infected and uninfected women who had Papanicolaou tests obtained every 6 months, pathology reports were retrieved for women who had biopsy results or a self‐report of ICC. Histology was reviewed when reports confirmed ICC. Incidence rates were calculated and compared with those in HIV‐negative women.RESULTS:After a median follow‐up of 10.3 years, 3 ICCs were confirmed in HIV‐seropositive women, and none were confirmed in HIV‐seronegative women. The ICC incidence rate was not found to be associated significantly with HIV status (HIV‐negative women [0 of 100,000 person‐years] vs HIV‐positive women [21.4 of 100,000 person‐years]; P = .59). A calculated incidence rate ratio standardized to expected results from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database that was restricted to HIV‐infected Women's Interagency HIV Study participants was 1.32 (95% confidence interval, 0.27‐3.85; P = 0.80).CONCLUSIONS:Among women with HIV in a prospective study that incorporated cervical cancer prevention measures, the incidence of ICC was not significantly higher than that in a comparison group of HIV‐negative women. Cancer 2009. Published 2009 by the American Cancer Society.
Postmenopausal hormone use and breast cancer associations differ by hormone regimen and histologic subtype
Authors: Calle Eugenia E. , Feigelson Heather Spencer , Hildebrand Janet S. , Teras Lauren R. , Thun Michael J. , Rodriguez Carmen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Data from large prospective studies are needed to fully characterize the impact of exogenous hormones on breast cancer incidence by type of hormone preparation and histology of the cancer.METHODS:In a prospective cohort of 67,754 postmenopausal women in the US, 1821 cases of invasive ductal cancer and 471 cases of invasive lobular or mixed lobular cancer occurred during 13 years of follow‐up. The authors computed age‐adjusted rates, as well as age‐adjusted and multivariate‐adjusted rate ratios (RR) for ductal and lobular breast cancer and for the use of estrogen only (E‐only) and estrogen and progesterone (E + P) for current and former hormone users by duration of use and years since last use.RESULTS:Current use of E + P was associated with an increased risk of both ductal (RR of 1.75; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.53‐2.01) and lobular (RR of 2.12; 95% CI, 1.62‐2.77) breast cancer. Risk increased within the first 2 to 3 years of use and attenuated 2 years after cessation. In contrast, current use of E‐only was not associated with an overall increased risk of invasive ductal cancer. The only exceptions to this finding were in lean (body mass index <25) women and for ductal cancers diagnosed at the regional/distant stage, where in both cases the use of E‐only was associated with an increased risk. E‐only use was associated with a 50% increased risk of invasive lobular cancer after ≥10 years of use.CONCLUSIONS:Use of E + P is more detrimental to the breast than E‐only use, in terms of both ductal and lobular cancer. The findings from the current study suggest a window of 2 to 3 years for the risks of E + P both to become apparent after initial use and to attenuate after cessation. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Infections and association with different intensity of chemotherapy in children with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sung Lillian , Gamis Alan , Alonzo Todd A. , Buxton Allen , Britton Kristen , DeSwarte‐Wallace Joetta , Woods William G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objectives were to compare infections during different intensities of therapy in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).METHODS:Subjects were children enrolled in Children's Cancer Group 2891 with AML. In phase 1 (induction), patients were randomized to intensive or standard timing. In phase 2 (consolidation), those with a family donor were allocated allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT); the remainder were randomized to autologous SCT or chemotherapy. This report compares infections between different treatments on an intent‐to‐treat basis.RESULTS:During phase 1, intensive timing was associated with more bacterial (57.7% vs 39.4%; P < .001), fungal (27.4% vs 9.9%; P < .001), and viral (14.0% vs 3.9%; P < .001) infections compared with standard timing. During phase 2, chemotherapy was associated with more bacterial (56.5% vs 40.1%; P = .005), but similar fungal (9.5% vs 6.1%; P = 1.000) and viral (4.2% vs 12.9%; P = .728) infections compared with allogeneic SCT. No differences between chemotherapy and autologous SCT infections were seen. Fatal infections were more common during intensive compared with standard timing induction (5.5% vs 0.9%; P = .004). Infectious deaths were similar between chemotherapy, autologous SCT, and allogeneic SCT.CONCLUSIONS:Prevalence of infection varies depending on the intensity and type of treatment. This information sheds insight into the mechanisms behind susceptibility and outcome of infections in pediatric AML. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Microtubule‐damaging agents enhance RASSF1A‐induced cell death in lung cancer cell lines
Authors: Whang Young Mi , Park Kyong Hwa , Jung Hae‐Yun , Jo Uk Hyun , Kim Yeul Hong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Tumor suppressor gene product RASSF1A has been reported to induce mitotic arrest and apoptosis through its interaction with microtubule and binding to the Ras effector NORE1. Despite this promising antitumor action of microtubule‐targeted drugs, clinical studies demonstrated that paclitaxel (TXL) and vincristine (VCS) have differential antitumor effects, depending on the status of microtubule‐related genes in lung cancer patients. In this study, to provide effective chemotherapeutic treatment for lung cancer patients with the microtubule‐targeted drugs, the authors investigated whether RASSF1A could enhance sensitivity to TXL and VCS, as an intrinsic microtubule modulator, in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.METHODS:The growth inhibitory effects of TXL and VCS on RASSF1A‐transfected cells were assessed using clonogenic and flow cytometry–based propidium iodide–labeled assay. The levels of mitosis‐related proteins in RASSF1A‐transfected cells after treatment with TXL or VCS were examined by Western blot analysis and in vitro kinase assay.RESULTS:RASSF1A enhanced the growth inhibitory effect of TXL and VCS on NSCLC cells and bronchial epithelial transformed cells (BEAS‐2B) by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M‒phase. Accumulation of cyclin B1, G2/M‐phase–related protein, was observed when RASSF1A‐transfected H1299 cells were treated with TXL or VCS, accompanied with an increase of cyclin A. Inhibition of the activity of cyclin B1/Cdc2 complex by RASSF1A and TXL or VCS was confirmed by kinase assay and knockdown of RASSF1A expression by using small interfering RNA.CONCLUSIONS:RSAAF1A protein has a cooperative growth inhibitory effect with microtubule‐targeted drugs through cyclin B1 accumulation on NSCLC cells, suggesting novel insights for the selection of chemotherapeutic agents. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Targeted therapies in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Gold Kathryn A. , Lee Ho‐Young , Kim Edward S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHead and neck cancer is a challenging disease that is expected to account for greater than 500,000 new cases worldwide in 2008. Toxicity has impeded advances in chemotherapy and radiation for head and neck cancer, and the prognosis for patients with recurrent and/or metastatic disease remains poor. Over the past decade, clinical research in head and neck cancer has focused on improving the efficacy of current multimodal approaches by targeting cellular pathways associated with carcinogenesis. Blocking the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) have emerged as primary strategies that account for the success of current targeted therapies in cancer. Recent studies with cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody inhibitor of the EGFR, have demonstrated survival benefits across the range of treatment settings in advanced head and neck cancer, and it is the only targeted therapy approved for use in this malignancy. In this review, the authors present the current development status of targeted therapies, focusing on those that have potential to impact the management of head and neck cancer in the near‐term future. Trials are ongoing in all stages of disease and with a variety of modalities and agents, and those trials should provide critical insight into the best way to use these agents to improve patient outcomes. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Glucose as a prognostic factor in ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Lamkin Donald M. , Spitz Douglas R. , Shahzad Mian M. K. , Zimmerman Bridget , Lenihan Daniel J. , DeGeest Koen , Lubaroff David M. , Shinn Eileen H. , Sood Anil K. , Lutgendorf Susan K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Research suggests that glucose levels in cancer patients may be an important prognostic indicator. In ovarian tumors, increased expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), a transmembrane protein responsible for glucose uptake, is related to shorter survival time in ovarian cancer patients. This study tested the hypothesis that higher presurgical glucose levels predict shorter disease‐specific survival time and time to recurrence in ovarian cancer patients.METHODS:Nonfasting plasma glucose levels were determined for 74 patients with ovarian cancer at the time of their presurgical consultation and for 125 ovarian cancer patients in an independent validation set. Survival time and time to recurrence (disease‐free interval [DFI]) were ascertained from medical records. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for survival time and DFI in relation to glucose level, adjusting for body mass index (BMI), stage, grade, and cytoreduction as appropriate.RESULTS:Higher glucose levels were associated with shorter survival times in univariate analyses (HR, 1.88;P= .05). Multivariate analysis adjusting for stage showed that higher glucose levels were associated with shorter survival times (HR, 2.01;P= .04) and DFI (HR, 2.32;P= .05). In the validation set, higher glucose levels were associated with shorter survival times (HR, 2.01;P= .02) and DFI (HR, 2.48;P= .001) in univariate analysis, although glucose was not independent of the effect of cytoreduction when predicting survival time in this latter set.CONCLUSIONS:These findings contribute to mounting evidence that glucose levels have prognostic value in ovarian carcinoma. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Outcomes of radical nephroureterectomy: A series from the Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Collaboration
Authors: Margulis Vitaly , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Matin Surena F. , Kamat Ashish M. , Zigeuner Richard , Kikuchi Eiji , Lotan Yair , Weizer Alon , Raman Jay D. , Wood Christopher G. ,   the Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Collaboration
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The literature on upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) has been limited to small, single center studies. A large series of patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy for UTUC were studied, and variables associated with poor prognosis were identified.METHODS:Data on 1363 patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy at 12 academic centers were collected. All pathologic slides were re‐reviewed by genitourinary pathologists according to strict criteria.RESULTS:Pathologic review revealed renal pelvis location (64%), necrosis (21.6%), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (24.8%), concomitant carcinoma in situ (28.7%), and high‐grade disease (63.7%). A total of 590 patients (43.3%) underwent concurrent, lymphadenectomy and 135 (9.9%) were lymph node (LN) ‐positive. Over a mean follow‐up of 51 months, 379 (28%) patients experienced disease recurrence outside of the bladder and 313 (23%) died of UTUC. The 5‐year recurrence‐free and cancer‐specific survival probabilities (±SD) were 69% ± 1% and 73% ± 1%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, high tumor grade (hazards ratio [HR]: 2.0, P < .001), advancing pathologic T stage (P‐for‐trend <.001), LN metastases (HR: 1.8, P < .001), infiltrative growth pattern (HR: 1.5, P < .001), and LVI (HR: 1.2, P = .041) were associated with disease recurrence. Similarly, patient age (HR: 1.1, P = .001), high tumor grade (HR: 1.7, P = .001), increasing pathologic T stage (P‐for‐trend <.001), LN metastases (HR: 1.7, P < .001), sessile architecture (HR: 1.5, P = .002), and LVI (HR: 1.4, P = .02) were independently associated with cancer‐specific survival.CONCLUSIONS:Radical nephroureterectomy provided durable local control and cancer‐specific survival in patients with localized UTUC. Pathologic tumor grade, T stage, LN status, tumor architecture, and LVI were important prognostic variables associated with oncologic outcomes, which could potentially be used to select patients for adjuvant systemic therapy. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Hepatocellular carcinoma with main portal vein tumor thrombus
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Bin , Wang Jian‐Hua , Yan Zhi‐Pin , Qian Sheng , Du Shi‐Suo , Zeng Zhao‐Chong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with main portal vein tumor thrombus (MPVTT) is often associated with poor prognosis. We retrospectively assessed the effectiveness of percutaneous transhepatic portal vein stenting and transarterial chemoembolization (PTPVS‐TACE) combined with or without 3‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3‐DCRT) for HCC with MPVTT.METHODS:Forty‐five patients with HCC complicated by MPVTT were treated with PTPVS‐TACE. Among them, 16 patients (group A) received 3‐DCRT with 30‐60Gy as daily 2Gy fractions. The remaining 29 patients (group B) received no radiotherapy. The tumor responses, complications, stent patency rates, and cumulative survival rates were evaluated, and the Kaplan‐Meier method and log‐rank test were used for survival analysis.RESULTS:No severe complications were associated with PTPVS‐TACE and 3‐DCRT. The objective response rate (CR and PR) was 35.6%. The 60‐, 180‐, and 360‐day cumulative stent patency rates were 93.3%, 62.2%, and 34.6% in group A, and 58.6%, 21.7%, and 10.8% in group B, respectively, showing significant difference between the 2 groups (P < .01). The mean patency time was 475.20 ± 136.97 and 199.58 ± 61.40 days, respectively. The 60‐, 180‐, and 360‐day cumulative survival rates were 93.8%, 81.3%, and 32.5%, respectively, for group A, 86.2%, 13.8%, and 6.9%, respectively, for group B. Significant statistical differences were detected between the 2 groups (P < .01).CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that sequential therapy by PTPVS‐TACE‐3‐DCRT is possibly an effective treatment modality for HCC complicated by main portal vein tumor thrombus. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Deletion of the citron kinase gene selectively affects the number and distribution of interneurons in barrelfield cortex
Authors: Muzzi Patrizia , Camera Paola , Di Cunto Ferdinando , Vercelli Alessandro 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCitron kinase (CIT‐K), a ser/thr kinase, is required during neurogenesis for cytokinesis of neuronal precursors. Deletion of the cit‐k gene in mice (cit‐k−/− mice) leads to a severe malformative central nervous system syndrome characterized by microencephaly, ataxia, and epileptic seizures; affected mice die by the third week of postnatal life. We have used NADPH‐diaphorase histochemistry, immunostaining for calbindin, calretinin, parvalbumin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), and histological staining to undertake qualitative and quantitative analyses of the morphology and distribution of interneurons in the barrelfield cortex of cit‐k−/− mice. By postnatal day 13, lack of CIT‐K results in profoundly altered cortical cell morphology: the infragranular layers are populated by large, binucleate interneurons bearing many more dendrites than in control mice, an anatomical profile that has also been reported for the cortex of humans with cortical dysplasias and epilepsy. Tessellation analyses reveal that a clustered distribution of interneurons is maintained in cit‐k−/− mice, but that their nearest neighbor distance is significantly increased, and thus their density is reduced; the overall number of interneurons is more dramatically decreased in the absence of CIT‐K than would be predicted on the basis of the reduced brain size of affected mice. This reduction of inhibitory γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons likely underlies the occurrence of epileptic seizures in the cit‐k−/− mice. Furthermore, the altered distribution of NADPH‐diaphorase‐positive interneurons could be responsible for an impaired coupling of cortical activity to blood flow, also affecting cortical growth and functioning. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:249–264, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of Monomer Functionality on Switchable Holographic Gratings Formed in Polymer‐Dispersed Liquid‐Crystal Cells
Authors: Ramsey Robert A. , Sharma Suresh C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSwitching characteristics:The 633 nm wavelength of an He–Ne laser is used to fabricate holographic transmission gratings in polymer‐dispersed liquid‐crystal cells. The microstructure and diffraction efficiency (η) both improve with increasing functionality (see figure). For functionalities of 2.5 or more,ηapproaches 34 % and can be switched off with electric fields of about 20 MV m−1.magnified imageWe investigate the effects of monomer functionality on the formation and switching characteristics of holographic transmission gratings in polymer‐dispersed liquid‐crystal cells fabricated by using the 633 nm wavelength of an He–Ne laser. We present results for the microstructure, diffraction efficiencyη, and switching characteristics of gratings formed with acrylate monomers of functionalities ranging from 2 to 4. The microstructure and diffraction efficiency are sensitive to functionality; both improve with increasing functionality. For functionalities of 2.5 or more,ηapproaches 34 % and can be switched off with electric fields of about 20 MV m−1.
Autothermal Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Glycerol to Syngas and to Non‐Equilibrium Products
Authors: Rennard David C. , Kruger Jacob S. , Schmidt Lanny D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractGlycerol, a commodity by‐product of the biodiesel industry, has value as a fuel feedstock and chemical intermediate. It is also a simple prototype of sugars and carbohydrates. Through catalytic partial oxidation (CPOx), glycerol can be converted into syngas without the addition of process heat. We explored the CPOx of glycerol using a nebulizer to mix droplets with air at room temperature for reactive flash volatilization. Introducing this mixture over a noble‐metal catalyst oxidizes the glycerol at temperatures over 600 °C in 30–90 ms. Rhodium catalysts produce equilibrium selectivity to syngas, while platinum catalysts produce mainly autothermal non‐equilibrium products. The addition of water to the glycerol increases the selectivity to H2 by the water gas shift reaction and reduces non‐equilibrium products. However, water also quenches the reaction, resulting in a maximum in H2 production at a steam/carbon ratio of 2:3 over a Rh‐Ce catalyst. Glycerol without water produces a variety of chemicals over Pt, including methylglyoxal, hydroxyacetone, acetone, acrolein, acetaldehyde, and olefins.
Vibrational spectroscopy—A powerful tool for the rapid identification of microbial cells at the single‐cell level
Authors: Harz M. , Rösch P. , Popp J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractRapid microbial detection and identification with a high grade of sensitivity and selectivity is a great and challenging issue in many fields, primarily in clinical diagnosis, pharmaceutical, or food processing technology. The tedious and time‐consuming processes of current microbiological approaches call for faster ideally on‐line identification techniques. The vibrational spectroscopic techniques IR absorption and Raman spectroscopy are noninvasive methods yielding molecular fingerprint information; thus, allowing for a fast and reliable analysis of complex biological systems such as bacterial or yeast cells. In this short review, we discuss recent vibrational spectroscopic advances in microbial identification of yeast and bacterial cells for bulk environment and single‐cell analysis. IR absorption spectroscopy enables a bulk analysis whereas micro‐Raman‐spectroscopy with excitation in the near infrared or visible range has the potential for the analysis of single bacterial and yeast cells. The inherently weak Raman signal can be increased up to several orders of magnitude by applying Raman signal enhancement methods such as UV‐resonance Raman spectroscopy with excitation in the deep UV region, surface enhanced Raman scattering, or tip‐enhanced Raman scattering. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Proteomic analysis of liver cancer cells treated with 5‐Aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (AZA)
Authors: Bai Shujun , Tong Aiping , Lau Quek Choon , Liu Rui , Tang Minghai , Chen Lijuan , Huang Canhua 
Published: January 2009

Abstract5‐Aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (AZA) is a potent inhibitor of DNA methylation that exhibits anti‐tumor activity in a variety of tumor cells via reactivation of tumor suppressor genes. However, few studies have been done on the biological and clinical significance of AZA in human hepatocellular carcinoma. To identify potential genes that may be aberrantly methylated and confer growth advantage to neoplastic cells and to better understand the molecular mechanism(s) underlying AZA anti‐tumor activity, a proteomics approach was used to annotate global gene expression changes of HepG2 cell line pre‐ and post‐treatment with AZA. A total of 56 differentially expressed proteins were identified by 2D gel analysis, 48 of which were up‐regulated while the remaining 8 were down regulated. Among the identified proteins, eight of these showed marked changed proteins, including seven up‐regulated proteins: glutathione S‐transferase P, protein DJ‐1, peroxiredoxin‐2, UMP‐CMP kinase, cytochrome c‐type heme lyase, enhancer of rudimentary homolog, profilin‐1, and one down‐regulated protein, heat‐shock protein β−1. The possible implication of these proteins in hepatocarcinogenesis is discussed. We tested two up‐regulated proteins, glutathione S‐transferase P and peroxiredoxin‐2, using RT‐PCR and their expression was consistent with the results obtained in the protein level. Both of these genes were methylated when methylation‐specific PCR was used against their promoter regions. Following treatment with AZA, the gene promoter regions were found to be unmethylated, concomitant with overexpression of the proteins compared to HepG2 cells without treatment. These data provide useful information in evaluating the therapeutic potential of AZA for the treatment of HCC. Drug Dev Res 69, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.