bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phase 1/2 study of pepinemab in children, adolescents, or young adults with recurrent or refractory solid tumors: A children's oncology group consortium report (ADVL1614)
Authors: Greengard Emily , Williams Robin , Moriarity Branden , Liu Xiaowei , Minard Charles G. , Reid Joel M. , Fisher Terrence , Evans Elizabeth , Pastore Desa Rae , Zauderer Maurice , Voss Stephan , Fox Elizabeth , Weigel Brenda J 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposePepinemab, a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody, targets the SEMA4D (CD100) antigen to inhibit binding to its high‐affinity receptors (plexin B1/PLXNB1, plexin B2/PLXNB2) and low‐affinity receptor (CD72). SEMA4D blockade leads to increased cytotoxic T‐cell infiltration, delayed tumor growth, and durable tumor rejection in murine tumor models. Pepinemab was well tolerated and improved T cell infiltration in clinical studies in adults with refractory tumors. SEMA4D was identified as a strong candidate proto‐oncogene in a model of osteosarcoma. Based on these preclinical and clinical data, we conducted a phase 1/2 study to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity, of pepinemab in pediatric patients with recurrent/refractory solid tumors, and activity in osteosarcoma.Experimental designPepinemab was administered intravenously on Days 1 and 15 of a 28‐day cycle at 20 mg/kg, the adult RP2D. Part A (phase 1) used a Rolling 6 design; Part B (phase 2) used a Simon 2‐stage design in patients with osteosarcoma. Pharmacokinetics and target saturation were evaluated in peripheral blood.ResultsPepinemab (20 mg/kg) was well tolerated and no dose‐limiting toxicities were observed during Part A. There were no objective responses. Two patients with osteosarcoma achieved disease control and prolonged stable disease. Pepinemab pharmacokinetics were similar to adults.ConclusionsPepinemab (20 mg/kg) is safe, well tolerated and resulted in adequate and sustained target saturation in pediatric patients. Encouraging disease control in two patients with osteosarcoma warrants further investigation with novel combination strategies to modulate the tumor microenvironment and antitumor immune response.Clinical trial registryThis trial is registered as NCT03320330 at Clinicaltrials.gov.DisclaimerThe content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Intraoperative radiation therapy for pediatric sarcomas and other solid tumors
Authors: Conte Brianna , Casey Dana L. , Tringale Kathryn R. , LaQuaglia Michael P. , Gerstle J. Ted , Wexler Leonard , Ortiz Michael V. , Wolden Suzanne L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate local failure (LF) and toxicity after intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) in pediatric solid tumors (ST).MethodsA single‐institution retrospective study of 96 pediatric patients (108 applications) with ST treated from 1995 to 2022 with IORT. LF was calculated via cumulative incidence function and overall survival (OS) by Kaplan–Meier method, both from the day of surgery.ResultsMedian age at time of IORT was 8 years (range: 0.8–20.9 years). Median follow‐up for all patients and surviving patients was 16 months and 3 years, respectively. The most common histologies included rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 42), Ewing sarcoma (n = 10), and Wilms tumor (n = 9). Most (95%) received chemotherapy, 37% had prior external beam radiation therapy to the site of IORT, and 46% had a prior surgery for tumor resection. About half (54%) were treated with upfront IORT to the primary tumor due to difficult circumstances such as very young age or challenging anatomy. The median IORT dose was 12 Gy (range: 4–18 Gy), and median area treated was 24 cm2 (range: 2–198 cm2). The cumulative incidence of LF was 17% at 2 years and 23% at 5 years. Toxicity from IORT was reasonable, with postoperative complications likely related to IORT seen in 15 (16%) patients.ConclusionOur study represents the largest and most recent analysis of efficacy and safety of IORT in pediatric patients with ST. Less than one quarter of all patients failed locally with acceptable toxicities. Overall, IORT is an effective and safe technique to achieve local control in patients with challenging circumstances.
Study on the mechanical properties of ramie fiber/polypropylene composites prepared by hot pressing after the carding machine mixing
Authors: Jin Yangxi , Huang Weizhi , Guo Yi , Deng Jiaqi , Yu Haoyang , He Bobing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA growing variety of composites utilize natural plant fibers with naturally occurring veins structured hierarchically in an effort to reduce dependence on petroleum‐based materials. In this article, ramie fibers were extracted by alkaline delignification. Then, ramie fibers and PP matrix, were prepared in filament form and an amino‐silane coupling agent KH550, and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene were added to improve interfacial compatibility. Ramie fiber/polypropylene fiber‐reinforced polymer composites (FRC) were prepared by hot pressing after using a carding machine. This method preserves the structure and length of ramie fibers to a large extent, thus greatly improving the mechanical properties of the material. After optimization, the FRC prepared from plant fibers of 2 cm length and 60% content had a density of 0.95 g/cm3, showed an increase in tensile and flexural strength of 276% and 339%, respectively, compared to the pure PP matrix. The specific strength of the FRC in the work was higher than galore FRC prepared from talc, carbon fiber, other plant fibers, and so forth. The FRC has a wide range of potential applications due to its own low‐cost, lightweight, and high‐performance, and is highly feasible in replacing the current polymers in the preparation of numerous everyday items.Highlights
The preparation method of FRC resulted in a more complete fiber length and structure.
The mechanism to improve the interfacial compatibility of RF and PP is discussed.
The effect of varying fiber length on the FRC mechanical properties was investigated.
Use of cell‐free non‐invasive prenatal testing in pregnancies affected by placental mosaicism
Authors: Lund Ida Charlotte Bay , Becher Naja , Lildballe Dorte , Andreasen Lotte , Horsholt Thomsen Simon , Vestergaard Else Marie , Vogel Ida 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate cell‐free non‐invasive prenatal testing (cfNIPT) in pregnancies affected by mosaicism.MethodWe assessed paired cfNIPT and chorionic villus sample (CVS) results from the same pregnancies in a case series of mosaicism detected in Central and North Denmark Regions from April 2014 to September 2018. Indications for the clinically obtained CVS, pregnancy markers and outcome were retrieved from The Danish Fetal Medicine Database.ResultsMosaicisms in CVS involved common aneuploidy, n = 14; sex chromosomal aneuploidies, n = 14; rare autosomal trisomies (RATs), n = 16 and copy number variants (CNVs) >5Mb, n = 9. Overall, 24/53 (45.3%; CI 95%: 31.8%–59.4%) of cases with mosaicism were detected by cfNIPT; highest for RATs (56%) and lowest for CNVs (22%). CfNIPT more commonly detected high‐level than low‐level mosaic cases (p = 0.000). CfNIPT detected 7/16 (43.8%; CI 95%: 21%–69%) clinically significant mosaic cases, either true fetal mosaicism or confined placental mosaicisms with adverse pregnancy outcome. There was a trend toward a higher risk for adverse outcome in pregnancies where mosaicism was detected by cfNIPT compared to pregnancies where mosaicism was not detected by cfNIPT (p = 0.31).ConclusionCfNIPT has a low detection rate of mosaicism, including pregnancies with clinically significant mosaicism. However, abnormal cfNIPT results may be a predictor of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Optimization of mechanical and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of expanded graphite/polyurethane composite foams
Authors: Oraby Hussein , Darwish Mohammad , Senna Magdy H. , Tantawy Hesham Ramzy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe expanded graphite (EG) was used as a filler in EG/polyurethane (PU) composite foams for electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI). The EG/PU composite foams were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and SEM. The shielding effectiveness (SE) of the EG/PU composite form containing 5 wt% EG was −24 dB at 5 wt% in the 8–12 GHz range. The optimal EG loading was 3 wt% and the corresponding EG/PU composite foam had a total SE of −18.9 dB and fairly good mechanical characteristics (compressive strength: 13.43 MPa and compressive modulus: 4.95 MPa). These attributes position the EG/PU composite foam as a promising candidate for diverse EMI SE applications.Highlights
Synthesis by thermal exfoliation and characterization by x‐ray diffraction, Raman and SEM of EG.
Preparation of EG/PU foams for enhanced EMI SE.
Optimization of the EG loading with regard to SE and mechanical properties of the EG/PU foams.
Social determinants of health and COVID‐19 recovery after inpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Martin Hannah , Lewis Christopher , Dreyer Sean , Couri Juliana , Sen Sanchita , Jayabalan Prakash 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeighborhoods with more social determinants of health (SDOH) risk factors have higher rates of infectivity, morbidity, and mortality from COVID‐19. Patients with severe COVID‐19 infection can have long‐term functional deficits leading to lower quality of life (QoL) and independence measures. Research shows that these patients benefit greatly from inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRF) admission, but there remains a lack of studies investigating long‐term benefits of rehabilitation once patients are returned to their home environment.ObjectiveTo determine SDOH factors related to long‐term independence and QoL of COVID‐19 patients after IRF stay.DesignMultisite cross‐sectional survey.SettingTwo urban IRFs.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcome measures were Post‐COVID Functional Status Scale (PCFS) and Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) scores. Secondary outcomes were quality indicator (QI) scores while at IRF and a health care access questionnaire. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsParticipants (n = 48) who were greater than 1 year post‐IRF stay for severe COVID‐19 were enrolled in the study. Higher SF‐36 scores were associated with male gender (p = .002), higher income (≥$70,000, p = .004), and living in the city (p = .046). Similarly, patients who were of the male gender (p = .004) and had higher income (≥$70,000, p = .04) had a greater odds of a 0 or 1 on the PCFS. Age was not associated with differences. Women were more likely to seek follow‐up care (p = .014). Those who sought follow‐up care reported lower SF‐36 overall and emotional wellness scores, p = .041 and p = .007, respectively. Commonly reported barriers to health care access were financial and time constraints.ConclusionsPatients with SDOH risk factors need to be supported in the outpatient setting to maintain functional gains made during IRF stays. Female gender, income, and urban setting are potential predictors for long‐term QoL and independence deficits after rehabilitation for COVID‐19 infection. Low emotional wellness is an indicator for patients to seek out care as far out as 1 year from their rehabilitation stay.
Trajectories of illness perceptions in paediatric cancer patients and their parents and associations with health‐related quality of life: Results of a prospective‐longitudinal study
Authors: Herzog Kristina , Schepper Florian , Kamm‐Thonwart Remo , Herrmann Jessy , Budich Mihaela , Weiler‐Wichtl Liesa , Pletschko Thomas , Suttorp Meinolf , Christiansen Holger , Martini Julia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveIn paediatric oncology, little is known about trajectories of illness perceptions and their longitudinal associations with health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate changes in illness perceptions in children and parents over a one‐year‐period and to investigate predictive value of child's and parent's illness perceptions during acute treatment for child's HRQoL 1 year later.MethodsN = 65 child‐parent‐dyads participated in a longitudinal study (retention rate: 80.2%). Children were 4–18 years of age and underwent acute cancer treatment at baseline. Children and parents reported on their own illness perceptions (Illness‐Perception‐Questionnaire‐Revised), as well as on the child's HRQoL (KINDL‐R) at baseline and one‐year‐follow‐up. Paired‐samples t‐tests were calculated to investigate changes over time. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate predictive value of child's and parent's illness perceptions for child's HRQoL.ResultsChild's HRQoL t(63) = −6.73, p < 0.001, their perceptions of coherence (i.e. understanding; t(54) = −2.36, p = 0.022) and consequences of their illness (t(54) = 2.86, p = 0.006), and parent's perception of cyclical trajectory (t(61) = 2.06, p = 0.044) improved from baseline to 1‐year‐follow‐up. All other illness perceptions remained stable. Exploratory post‐hoc analyses showed differences in the pattern of change in age‐, gender‐, and diagnosis‐specific subgroups. After controlling for baseline levels of HRQoL, child's perceptions of symptoms and consequences were independent predictors of their HRQoL 1 year later (R2 = 0.396, F(2,52) = 10.782, p < 0.001), whereas no parent's illness perceptions added predictive value.ConclusionIn paediatrics, child's and parent's illness perceptions should be assessed. Our findings highlight the importance of illness perceptions as potential modifiable variables in interventions to improve child's HRQoL.
Quasi‐atomic layer etching of silicon with surface chlorination and removal using Ar or He plasmas
Authors: Kim Namgun , Kim Whan Kyun , Shin Dongjun , Kim Jong Kyu , Lee Chan Min , Yoon Kuk Han , Ko Youngju , Chae Heeyeop 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA comparative study of argon (Ar) and helium (He) plasmas is conducted in quasi‐atomic layer etching (ALE) processes for silicon (Si). The ALE window is identified to be between 35 and 55 V for Ar and 25–45 V for He, with an etch per cycle of 6.0 Å/cycle for Ar and 7.5 Å/cycle for He. Thirty percent thicker chlorination layers are observed with Cl2/He ALE than with Cl2/Ar ALE in the chlorination step. The penetration depth of He ions is twice that of Ar ions, with a standard deviation of 4.5 times greater. This study demonstrates that He ions in the removal steps considerably affect the subsequent modification steps in Si ALE.
Prediction of ionic liquids toxicity using machine learning models for application to gas hydrate
Authors: Abdullah Nurul Hannah , Zaini Dzulkarnain , Lal Bhajan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) are highly favored in the oil and gas industry as gas hydrate inhibitors due to their dual functionality as thermodynamic inhibitor and kinetic hydrate inhibitor. Though known as the “green alternatives,” concerns about the effects of ILs in the environment are rising such that ILs can stabilize in water systems. Furthermore, there are insufficient data on the toxicity of ILs, limiting the use of ILs for industrial applications. Ridge, LASSO, decision tree, random forest, extra tree, gradient boost, and support vector regressions were used to develop IL toxicity predictive models. Random forest yielded the strongest predictive performance, scoring the highest R2 value of 0.86, with mean absolute error and root mean square error values of 0.32 and 0.43, respectively. Feature selections were conducted to investigate the contributions of the five molecular descriptors involved in developing regression models in this work. Descriptor MSDC was found to contribute the highest at 67% in predicting the toxicity of ILs, followed by SNarA and MAXDPC, demonstrating contributions of 15.2% and 14.1%, respectively. Further quantitative structure–activity relationship model validations were executed; the use of three descriptors resulted in a 2% increase in predictive performance for decision tree regression, whereas R2 values remained the same for random forest, extra tree, and gradient boosting.
Gut microbiota metagenomics and mediation of phenol degradation in Bactrocera minax (Diptera, Tephritidae)
Authors: Cao Shuai , Ren Xueming , Zhang Guijian , Wang Haoran , Wei Bingbing , Niu Changying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDGut microbiota mediating insect–plant interactions have many manifestations, either by provisioning missing nutrients, or by overcoming plant defensive reactions. However, the mechanism by which gut microbiota empower insects to survive by overcoming a variety of plant secondary metabolites remains largely unknown. Bactrocera minax larvae develop in immature citrus fruits, which present numerous phenolic compounds that challenge the larvae. To explore the role of gut microbes in host use and adaptability, we uncovered the mechanisms of phenol degradation by gut microbes using metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses, and verified the degradation ability of isolated and cultured bacteria. Research on this subject can help develop potential strain for the environmental friendly pest management operations.RESULTSWe demonstrated the ability of gut microbes in B. minax larvae to degrade phenols in unripe citrus. After antibiotic treatment, coniferyl alcohol and coumaric aldehyde significantly reduced the survival rate, body length and body weight of the larvae. The metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses in B. minax provided evidence for the presence of genes in bacteria and the related pathway involved in phenol degradation. Among them, Enterococcus faecalis and Serratia marcescens, isolated from the gut of B. minax larvae, played critical roles in phenol degradation. Furthermore, supplementation of E. faecalis and S. marcescens in artificial diets containing coniferyl alcohol and coumaric aldehyde increased the survival rate of larvae.CONCLUSIONIn summary, our results provided the first comprehensive analysis of gut bacterial communities by high‐throughput sequencing and elucidated the role of bacteria in phenol degradation in B. minax, which shed light on the mechanism underlying specialist insect adaption to host secondary metabolites via gut bacteria. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Progress of Carrageenan‐Based Films and Coatings for Food Packaging Applications
Authors: Wang Xiuchao , Guo Chuanyan , Guo Hongge 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTAs a polysaccharide extracted from marine red algae, carrageenan has the advantages of biodegradability, nontoxicity and water solubility over petroleum‐based plastics for use as films and coatings for keeping food fresh. Aqueous solutions of carrageenan can be cast into films on plates and then made into food packaging bags, as well as coated directly onto food surfaces, all of which are referred to as ‘wraps’. To overcome the inherent limitations of carrageenan as a packaging material, physical and chemical modifications have been studied. The mechanical, thermal, barrier and antibacterial properties of modified carrageenan make it widely applicable for extending the shelf life of food products and monitoring its freshness. The research progress of carrageenan‐based wraps in recent years has been reviewed in terms of preparation methods, physicochemical properties, gelation mechanisms and applications, and the factors affecting the drying rate of them have been analysed. Finally, applications and future research directions of carrageenan are summarized and discussed to provide useful guidelines for further research.
Tailoring the donor moieties in TPA‐based organic dyes for efficient photovoltaic, optical and nonlinear optical response properties
Authors: Bibi Shamsa , Imtiaz Aamna , Muhammad Shabbir , urRehman Shafiq , Chaudhry Aijaz Rasool , Al‐Sehemi Abdullah G. , Alqurashy Bakhet Ahmad , Gilani Mazhar Amjad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe current study reports tailoring the electronic donor structures of organic dyes to modify their optical and nonlinear optical (NLO) response properties. Five (5) tri‐phenyl amine (TPA) based Donor‐π‐Acceptor (D‐π‐A) organic dyes with the codes ICAA1, ICAA2, ICAA3, ICAA4, and ICAA5 were designed and investigated for their optical and NLO properties using quantum chemical methods. Optical and NLO properties of these dyes were studied by CAM‐B3LYP method and 6‐311G* basis set. The focus has been on the impact of adding secondary donors and shifting their substitutions at ortho (o), meta (m) and para (p) positions. Among all designed compounds, ICAA4 showed the highest amplitude of average third‐order NLO polarizability <γ>, which is calculated to be 1316 × 10−36 esu. Time‐dependent Density Functional Theory (TD‐DFT) method was used to determine how a change in the position of the donor affected the excitation energy (Eg) and NLO response properties. The findings showed that changing the position of the secondary donor results in a red shift among absorption spectra as well as the increase in their NLO responses. Complete process of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) has been investigated in terms of different optical parameters such as frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), molecular electrostatic potentials (MEPs), transition density matrix (TDMs), density of states (DOS), electron density difference (EDD), and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Our calculations for study of ICT process indicate that p‐position of methoxy group performs better among all other positions and even it has better NLO response properties than the compound with three collective methoxy groups. The calculated Voc values of all designed molecules range from 1.09 to 1.30, all of them are positive while their ΔGinject is found to be in the range of −0.87 to −1.79 eV indicating their decent potential for photovoltaic applications. The studied optical, NLO and photovoltaic parameters illustrated that ICAA1 to ICAA5 are appropriate molecules not only for NLO applications but also for efficient photovoltaic purposes.
Parallel Flagged Fault‐tolerant Error Correction for Stabilizer Codes of Distance 5
Authors: Du Chao , Ma Zhi , Liu Yiting , Duan Qianheng , Fei Yangyang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFlagged fault‐tolerant error correction schemes have attracted a lot of attention for their low qubit overhead, but usually require a high circuit depth. One way to reduce the depth is to develop parallel flagged syndrome extraction circuits. This study investigates parallel syndrome extraction circuits for Calderbank‐Shor‐Steane codes with distance 5. A simple algorithm for finding parallel flagged syndrome extraction circuits is provided. Using this algorithm, the parallel flagged circuits of the [[17,1,5]] and [[19,1,5]] color codes are constructed precisely. The error pseudo‐thresholds for code schemes are also precisely simulated and calculated. The parallel scheme in this study, based on the [[17,1,5]] and [[19,1,5]] color codes, outperforms traditional flagged schemes, particularly when the idle location error rate is high.