bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended follow‐up of a phase II trial in relapsed, refractory multiple myeloma:
Authors: Richardson Paul G. , Barlogie Bart , Berenson James , Singhal Seema , Jagannath Sundar , Irwin David H. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Srkalovic Gordan , Alsina Melissa , Anderson Kenneth C. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDBortezomib, a first‐in‐class proteasome inhibitor, has shown clinical activity in relapsed, refractory multiple myeloma in a pivotal Phase II trial, SUMMIT.METHODSPatients received bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 followed by a 10‐day rest period for up to 8 cycles. Dexamethasone 20 mg on the day of and the day after bortezomib was permitted for suboptimal response. Extended treatment beyond 8 cycles was offered to patients whose physicians felt they would benefit from additional therapy. Follow‐up was conducted in all patients for a median of 23 months, an additional 13 months from the original report.RESULTSOf 202 patients enrolled in SUMMIT, 193 were evaluable for response. Seven (4%) patients achieved a complete response, 12 (6%) achieved a nearly complete response, 34 (18%) achieved a partial response, and 14 (7%) had a minimal response while on bortezomib. The updated median duration of response to bortezomib alone was 12.7 months. The median overall time to progression for all SUMMIT patients was 7 months. For responding patients, the median time to progression was 13.9 months, whereas for those with progressive disease (PD) or who were not evaluable, the median time to progression was 1.3 months. The median overall survival (OS) for all SUMMIT patients was 17.0 months. Whereas the median OS for patients with PD or who were not evaluable was 8 months, the median OS for responding patients was not reached at 23 months of follow‐up.CONCLUSIONSThese data demonstrate that treatment with bortezomib results in meaningful long‐term benefit for patients with relapsed and refractory myeloma. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Interstitial125I radiosurgery of supratentorial de novo WHO Grade 2 astrocytoma and oligoastrocytoma in adults
Authors: Kreth Friedrich W. , Faist Michael , Grau Stefan , Ostertag Christoph B. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDDetailed long‐term outcome data are not available for adult patients with World Health Organization (WHO) Grade 2 astrocytoma or oligoastrocytoma.METHODSA previously published short‐term data set of 239 adult patients with circumscribed de novo supratentorial astrocytoma (187 patients) and oligoastrocytoma (52 patients) treated with interstitial iodine‐125 (125I) radiosurgery as primary treatment (1979–1992) was revisited. Survival, progression‐free survival, functionally independent survival, postrecurrence survival, and time to malignant transformation were estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method. Prognostic factors were obtained from the Cox multivariate proportional hazards model.RESULTSFive‐, 10‐, and 15‐year survival was 56%, 37%, and 26%, respectively (median follow‐up, 10.3 yrs). Progression‐free survival was 45%, 21%, and 14%, respectively. The corresponding malignant transformation rates were 33%, 54%, and 67%. No leveling off of the Kaplan–Meier curves could be observed for any of the chosen endpoints. Age > 50 years, a tumor volume > 20 mL, and/or a Karnofsky score ≤ 80 were associated with decreased survival or progression‐free survival. Age > 35 years and/or a tumor volume > 20 mL increased risk of malignant transformation. Prognostic factors determined subsets of patients with 10‐year survival ranging from as low as 6% to as high as 55% and progression‐free survival ranging 1–31%.CONCLUSIONSLong‐term tumor stabilization is rare. As outcome is mainly determined by treatment‐independent factors, minimization of any treatment‐related risk must be considered essential. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
THM and reactive transport analysis of expansive clay barrier in radioactive waste isolation
Authors: Guimarães L. do N. , Gens A. , Sánchez M. , Olivella S. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA fully coupled formulation combining reactive transport and an existing thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) code is briefly described. Special attention has been given to phenomena likely to be encountered in clay barriers used as part of containment systems of nuclear waste. The types of processes considered in the chemical formulation include hydrolysis, complex formation, oxidation/reduction reactions, acid/base reactions, precipitation/dissolution of minerals and cation exchange. Both kinetically controlled and equilibrium‐controlled reactions have been incorporated. The formulation has been implemented in the finite element code CODE_BRIGHT. An application is presented concerning the performance of a large scale in situ heating test simulating high‐level nuclear waste repository conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simplified method for lateral response analysis of suspension bridges under wind loads
Authors: Cheng Jin , Xiao Ru‐Cheng 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA simplified method for analysing lateral response of suspension bridges under wind loads is proposed in this paper. The geometric non‐linearity in the deflection theory and the three components of displacement‐dependent wind loads are taken into account in the method. The analytical formulas for calculating the torsional, vertical, and lateral responses of suspension bridges under wind loads are derived. An iterative procedure, which has a high convergence rate for solving the problem, is developed. The proposed method is sufficient and simple to use. Wind‐induced lateral response analysis of a long‐span suspension bridge demonstrates the proposed method's efficiency and accuracy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A three‐scale computational model of reactive pollutant transport in smectitic clays
Authors: Murad Márcio A. , Moyne Christian 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA three‐scale model of dual‐porosity type is proposed to describe contaminant transport in swelling clays. The swelling medium is characterized by three separate length scales (nano, micro and macro) and two levels of porosity (micro‐ and macro‐pores). At the nanoscale the medium is composed of charged clay particles saturated by a binary monovalent aqueous electrolyte solution occupying the micro‐pores. At the intermediate (micro) scale the two‐phase system is represented in a homogenized fashion with averaged microscopic equations governing the behaviour of the clay clusters (or aggregates) regarded a two‐phase mixture composed of clay particles and electrolyte solution. At the macroscale, the microscale mixture of clay clusters is homogenized with the bulk solution containing non‐electrolyte species lying in the macro‐pore system. The resultant macroscopic picture appears governed by a dual‐porosity model wherein the clay clusters act as sources/sinks of mass to the macro‐pore system. Under a local equilibrium assumption between the clay clusters and macro‐pores, a quasi‐steady version of the dual‐porosity model is derived. This framework combined with a three‐scale picture of the colloidal system allows to provide nanoscopic representations for the retardation coefficient, governing the instantaneous adsorption/desorption of the ionic species in the micro‐pores, in terms of the local behaviour of the electrical double layer potential which satisfies a Poisson–Boltzmann‐type problem at the nanoscale. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical solution of the oxygen diffusion in absorbing tissue with a moving boundary
Authors: Boureghda Abdellatif 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA problem of oxygen diffusion in absorbing medium is complex. A mathematical model of this problem is presented, which has previously been investigated by Crank and Gupta (J. Inst. Math. Appl. 1972; 10: 19–33) is studied using a different method of solution. Approximate analytical and numerical solutions of its partial differential equations are obtained, which describe the diffusion of oxygen in absorbing tissue. A moving boundary is an essential feature of this problem but the conditions which determine its movements are different. The results are compared with those of Crank and Gupta. In most cases the agreement is fair. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Properties of Weak and Strong Dihydrogen‐Bonded DH⋅⋅⋅HA Complexes
Authors: Cybulski Hubert , Tymińska Elwira , Sadlej Joanna 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe properties of six dihydrogen‐bonded (DHB) dimers with the BeH2molecule as a proton acceptor were calculated by MP2, CCSD(T) and B3LYP methods. The structural, energetic and spectroscopic parameters are presented and analyzed in terms of their possible correlation with the interaction energy and the intermolecular H⋅⋅⋅H separation. The symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) calculations were performed to gain more insight into the nature of the H⋅⋅⋅H interactions. The studied complexes are divided into three groups based on the calculated intermolecular distances and the interaction energies which range from≈−1 to −42 kJ mol−1. The analysis of the interaction energy components indicates that, in contrast to conventional hydrogen bonds, the induction energy is the most important term in the BeH2⋅⋅⋅NH4+complex. On the other hand, there is no sharp boundary between the DHB complexes classified as hydrogen bonded and van der Waals systems. The complexation‐induced changes in vibrational frequencies and in proton shielding constants show a relationship with the interaction energy. The values of the2hJXHand3hJBeXcoupling constants correlate well with the interaction energy and with the intermolecular distance.
Sequential photobleaching of fluorochromes for polychromatic slide‐based cytometry
Authors: Mittag Anja , Lenz Dominik , Bocsi József , Sack Ulrich , Gerstner Andreas O. H. , Tárnok Attila 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackgroundSlide‐based cytometry is a key technology for polychromatic cytomic investigations. Here we exploit the relocalization and merge feature of Laser Scanning Cytometry for distinguishing fluorochromes of comparable emission spectra but different photostabilities.MethodsBlood specimens were stained with the fluorochrome pairs: FITC/ALEXA488, PE/ALEXA532, or APC/ALEXA633. Bleaching was performed by repeated laser excitation.ResultsSince ALEXA dyes are photostable as compared to the conventional fluorochromes FITC, PE, and APC, a differentiation within one fluorochrome pair is possible.ConclusionThe sequential photobleaching method results in an increased information density on a single cell level and represents an important component to perform polychromatic cytometry. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Simultaneous detection of antibody binding and cytotoxicity in flow cytometry crossmatch for renal transplantation
Authors: Won Dong Il , Jeong Hee Du , Kim Yong Lim , Suh Jang Soo 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe anti‐HLA antibody can be detected using either a complement‐dependent lymphocytotoxicity (CDC) assay or a flow cytometry crossmatch (FCXM) in renal transplantation. Discordant results are often obtained because the two methods detect different reaction phases between the donor lymphocytes and the recipient sera. This study was intended to confirm that antibody binding and cytotoxicity to the lymphocytes can be detected simultaneously in a single FCXM assay, cytotoxic FCXM.MethodsIn the cytotoxic FCXM, the antibody binding to the lymphocytes was measured using anti‐IgG‐FITC, and the cytotoxicity using 7‐aminoactinomycin D (7‐AAD) after adding complement. For an evaluation of two test parameters, the cytotoxicity test moiety (dead‐cell percentage) was compared with the anti‐human globulin (AHG)‐CDC, and the antibody‐binding test moiety (sample/control fluorescence ratio) with the conventional FCXM in 77 positive and 30 negative crossmatches.ResultsIn the cytotoxic FCXM, both antibody binding and cytotoxicity could be assessed in a single anti‐IgG‐FITC/7‐AAD plot. Regarding the correlation between the presence of HLA antibodies and the test result, the cytotoxicity parameter (r = 0.55) appeared to be more suitable than that of the AHG‐CDC (r = 0.50) but the antibody‐binding parameter (r = 0.83) was worse than that of the conventional FCXM (r = 0.93). The sensitivity of both parameters of the cytotoxic FCXM was not significantly different from each conventional counterpart (P = 0.33 and P = 0.22, respectively).ConclusionsThe simultaneous detection of Ab binding and cytotoxicity was possible by the cytotoxic FCXM with the test efficiencies similar to the conventional counterparts. If this new assay is improved through the further studies to optimize the critical assay variables, this may be used as an alternative to the conventional assays to acquire more information on the characteristics of the recipient's HLA alloantibodies. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Selective advance reservations based on host movement detection and resource‐aware handoff
Authors: Lee Kyounghee , Kim Myungchul , Yu Chansu , Lee Ben , Hong Seungphil 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper proposes a new mechanism, which addresses the excessive advance reservation requirements of QoS guarantee methods for mobile Internet. To save resources for excessive advance reservations, the proposed mechanism employs a movement detection scheme for a mobile host (MH) using link‐layer functionalities. With the movement detection scheme, advance reservations can be established at only where a MH is likely to visit soon. Another novel feature of our mechanism is resource‐aware handoff direction scheme that allows a MH to choose its next BS according to not only the link‐layer signal strength, but also the available amount of resources in the reachable base stations (BSs). It considerably decreases a probability that QoS is disrupted due to the failure in advance reservation request. Also, the proposed mechanism requires fewer functional and structural changes to the current Internet components and protocols since all the enhanced features are integrated only into leaf BSs and MHs. It does not suffer from the problems of the conventional approaches based on Mobile IP and RSVP Tunnel, such as non‐optimal routing path and signalling overhead. Our experiment results show that the proposed mechanism successfully eliminates the overhead for useless advance reservations while guaranteeing seamless QoS for MHs. The performance comparison demonstrates that our mechanism slightly outperforms the conventional approaches while requiring fewer modifications and additions to the existing Internet architecture. This performance advantage of the proposed mechanism becomes noticeable when the network is congested and the mobility of a host is high. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
QoS‐aware call admission control in wideband CDMA wireless networks
Authors: Hassanein Hossam , Oliver Alex , Nasser Nidal , Elmallah Ehab 
Published: February 2006

AbstractEfficient call admission control (CAC) technique plays a major role in ensuring the quality of service (QoS) requirements of different traffic classes and achieving flexible radio resource utilization in wideband CDMA system like universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS). In this paper, we propose a novel QoS‐aware CAC framework for radio access in wideband wireless UMTS networks. It features an efficient CAC algorithm coupled with a QoS class‐separation mechanism based on the transmitted power of each individual mobile terminal. Three inter‐relating components have been introduced to extend a currently existing UMTS uplink admission control scheme. First, we introduce a measurement‐based component to calculate the current load of the system; second, this measurement‐based component is integrated with a power prediction module to estimate the load increment that the new call will bring into the system; and third, the proposed framework feeds the results obtained to a CAC algorithm with a QoS‐enforcing mechanism that gives each class of traffic different treatment based on the QoS requirement of the connections. To the best of our knowledge, ours is a first attempt towards combining the above components into one uplink CAC framework that aims to enhance system performance and to achieve per‐class QoS objectives. Simulation results show the major impact on the performance of UMTS which is reflected in increased throughput and lower blocking and dropping. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive channel borrowing for quality of service in wireless cellular networks
Authors: Wang Yao‐Tien , Sheu Jang‐Ping 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn the third generation of wireless cellular system, adaptive dynamic channel borrowing is presented to maximize the number of served calls in wireless cellular networks. This has led to an intensive research in mobile computing to provide mobile users access to the Internet. In this paper, a neural‐fuzzy controller for the dynamic channel‐borrowing scheme (NFDCBS) is presented to provide multimedia services and to support increasing number of users. In a cellular network, the call‐arrival rate, the call duration and the communication overhead between the base stations and the control centre are vague and uncertain. Therefore, we propose a new efficient dynamic channel borrowing for load balancing in distributed cellular networks based on NFDCBS. The proposed scheme exhibits better learning abilities, optimization abilities, robustness, and fault‐tolerant capability, thus yielding a better performance than other algorithms. It aims to efficiently satisfy their diverse quality‐of‐service (QoS) requirements of multimedia traffic. The results show that our algorithm has lower blocking rate, lower dropping rate, less update overhead, and shorter channel‐acquisition delays than previous methods. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signalling analysis of cost‐efficient mobility support by integrating mobile IP and SIP in all IP wireless networks
Authors: Wang Qi , Abu‐Rgheff Mosa Ali 
Published: February 2006

AbstractNext‐generation wireless systems are expected to support efficient IP‐based terminal and personal mobility. Novel mobility‐support architecture called integrated MIP–SIP is designed based on the integration of mobile IP (MIP) and session initiation protocol (SIP), which dynamically combines and leverages the advantages of both protocols in a cost‐effective way. The design motivation and methodology is to make full use of standardized work from both protocols, select composite processes that are more efficient for common functions, integrate similar entities and procedures to reduce redundancies, and avoid further duplicate standardization. By these means, the system efficiency can be greatly improved. The essential mobility procedures presented are applicable to both MIPv4 and MIPv6, though IPv6 is focused on. Both analytical and simulation results show that the proposed architecture outperforms existing hybrid MIP–SIP and pure SIP mobility approaches in terms of a clear‐cut reduction in mobility signalling loads, which is crucial to the resource management in wireless networks. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zum Erdbebenwiderstand vorgespannter Mauerwerkwände
Authors: Gunkler Erhard , Budelmann Harald , Husemann Ulf 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn dem am Institut für Baustoffe, Massivbau und Brandschutz (IBMB) der TU Braunschweig und an der FH Lippe und Höxter (FH LuH) durchgeführten Forschungsvorhaben “Vorgespannte Mauerwerkwände für Erdbebenbeanspruchung” wurde nachgewiesen, daß durch Vorspannung der Schubtragwiderstand von Mauerwerkwänden unter erdbebenähnlichen Einwirkungen infolge der erhöhten Normalkraft gezielt verbessert werden kann.Es wurden raumhohe, vorgespannte Mauerwerkwände, deren Spannglieder (Monolitzen, ∅︁ 0,6′) mit leichten Spannpressen (G = 2,5 kg), wie bei Flachdecken, angespannt werden, durch statisch zyklische Kopfverschiebungen wie bei Erdbeben beansprucht. Es wurden deutlich erhöhte horizontale Widerstände im Vergleich zu unbewehrtem Mauerwerk festgestellt. Das Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten konnte in nichtlinearen FE‐Analysen rechnerisch gut nachvollzogen werden. Eine Anwendung der Forschungsergebnisse auf erdbebenbeanspruchte Gebäude ist daher möglich. Die Ergebnisse lassen erwarten, daß vorgespannte Mauerwerkwände zur Stabilisierung von Gebäuden mit wenigen aussteifenden Wänden (z. B. bei Reihenhäusern) eingesetzt werden können, wenn der statische Nachweis mit unbewehrtem Mauerwerk allein nicht gelingt.
Vorgefertigte Mauertafeln aus Kalksandstein. Rückblick, Gegenwart und Ausblick
Authors: Caballero González Antonio , Gunkler Erhard , Budelmann Harald , Husemann Ulf 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDas Beispiel einer Bauunternehmung zeigt, daß sich die zahlreichen Entwicklungsschritte vom ersten Versuchsstadium über die ersten Zulassungen, den folgenden Transportund Montagesicherheitsnachweisen bis hin zur Normung von KS‐Mauertafeln in DIN 1053‐4 gelohnt haben. Unter den richtigen technischen Randbedingungen – d. h. u. a. bei einer gegenseitigen fertigungstechnischen und baustofflichen Abstimmung – sowie bei einer ganzheitlichen wirtschaftlichen Betrachtung sind KS‐Mauertafeln auch unter den gegenwärtig sehr scharfen Wettbewerbsbedingungen nach wie vor konkurrenzfähig. Hinsichtlich der Fertigstellungszeiten für den Rohbau sind sie zudem gegenüber konventionellen Baustellen ohnehin konkurrenzlos. Soll dies so bleiben, muß die Entwicklung im KS‐Mauertafelbereich weitergehen, um durch die Vorteile der eingesetzten und wirtschaftlich einsetzbaren Technik zusätzliche Anwendungsgebiete zu erschließen.Während sich das Bauen mit Fertigbauteilen aus Mauerwerk – unabhängig von den verwendeten Baustoffen – derzeit auf Bereiche konzentriert, die auch mit konventionell erstelltem Mauerwerk bedient werden können, eröffnet Bewehrung – ob schlaff oder vorgespannt – der Mauertafelbauweise exklusive Anwendungsbereiche. Insbesondere im Fall der Vorspannung profitieren KS‐Mauertafeln von ihrer hohen Drucktragfähigkeit.
Ziegelelementbau – Modular und wirtschaftlich
Authors: Krechting Andreas , Figge Dieter , Jedamzik Heinz‐Werner 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDer Beitrag behandelt in vier Abschnitten wesentliche Aspekte des Bauens mit werksgefertigten Elementen aus Ziegelmauerwerk. Wegen des notwendigerweise begrenzten Beitragsumfanges kann das nur zusammenfassend erfolgen. Eine ausführliche und vollständige Darstellung enthält ein voraussichtlich in Kürze erscheinendes Sonderheft der Zeitschrift.Der Abschnitt 1 des Beitrages widmet sich der allgemeinen Beschreibung der Bauweise sowie der Darstellung zweier Beispiele aus der Praxis des Ziegelelementbaus. Im Anschluß daran werden ergänzend die charakteristischen Merkmale der Bauweise sowie die “neue” DIN 1053‐4 skizziert.Abschnitt 2 ist von hoher Praxisrelevanz gekennzeichnet und beschreibt die maßgeblichen Verfahrensabläufe der Montage der Ziegelwandelemente.Abschnitt 3 gibt wichtige Hinweise für Planung und Ausführung von Außenputz auf Ziegelwandelementen.Die Immobilie mit Keller ist bevorzugte Bauweise im Wohnungsbau. Ob traditionelle oder hochwertige Nutzung des Kellerraumes – vorgefertigte Ziegelwandelemente bieten hierzu die notwendigen Voraussetzungen. Abschnitt 4 dieses Beitrages gibt einen Überblick über die zu beachtenden technischen Regeln und Festlegungen in bezug auf Feuchteschutz, Bauwerkabdichtungen und Abdichtungssysteme und erläutert die Bemessung von Kellerwänden aus Ziegelwandelementen.
Nachruf auf Dr. E.h. Günter Breitschaft
Authors: Jasch Erich 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAm 25. Dezember 2005 verstarb im Alter von 76 Jahren der langjährige Präsident des Deutschen Instituts für Bautechnik, Herr Dr.‐Ing. E.h. Günter Breitschaft.