bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the Medial Structures in the intact and Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Knee
Authors: Haimes Jonathan L. , Wroble Randall R. , Grood Edward S. , Noyes Frank R. 
Published: June 2007

We measured motion limits in human cadaveric knees before and after sectioning the anterior cruciate liga ment and the medial structures. Sectioning the medial collateral ligament in an anterior cruciate ligament- deficient knee increased the anterior translation limit at 90° of flexion but not at 30° of flexion. The tibia displaced straight anteriorly without exhibiting the coupled internal rotation that occurred in intact and anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees. A lateral 15 N-m abduction moment produced a coupled external rotation in the medial collateral ligament-deficient knee. This was in marked contrast to intact, anterior cruciate ligament-deficient, or combined medial collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees, in which an abduction mo ment produced a coupled internal rotation. Sectioning only the medial collateral ligament caused a small but significant increase in the abduction rotation limit, whereas larger increases in the abduction rotation limit occurred when the posterior oblique ligament and pos terior medial capsule were cut in addition to the medial collateral ligament. Cutting the medial collateral ligament increased the external rotation limit. The increase was independent of whether the anterior cruciate ligament was intact or sec tioned. Subsequent cutting of the posterior oblique liga ment and posterior medial capsule further increased the external rotation limit.
Upper Extremity Physical Factors Affecting Tennis Serve Velocity
Authors: Cohen David B. , Mont Michael A. , Campbell Kevin R. , Vogelstein Barry N. , Loewy John W. 
Published: June 2007

Forty1 tournament-level tennis players with expert serve technique volunteered to have their serve evaluated to determine relationships between anthropometric data, extremity strength, and functional serve velocity. All players underwent a complete physical examination, a video taped serve analysis, a radar measurement of serve velocity, and a series of upper extremity strength measurements. Statistical analysis was performed to determine which factors were related to serve velocity. Statistically significant relationships were found be tween serve velocity and several flexibility measure ments including increased dominant wrist flexion (P < 0.05), increased dominant shoulder flexion (P < 0.05), and increased dominant shoulder internal rota tion at 0° of abduction (P < 0.05). Several strength mea surements were also related to serve velocity including elbow extension torque production (P < 0.01) and the ratios of internal to external rotational torque production for both low- and high-speed measurements (P < 0.01 concentrically and P < 0.05 eccentrically). These findings relate strength and flexibility to serve ve locity, suggesting that it may be possible to increase a tennis player's serve velocity through specifically directed muscular strengthening or stretching regimens. However, prospective studies must be undertaken to demonstrate these possibilities.
The Effect of the Squat Exercise on Anterior-posterior Knee Translation in Professional Football Players
Authors: Panariello Robert A. , Backus Sherry I. , Parker Johnny W. 
Published: June 2007

Although the squat exercise is considered essential for optimal athletic performance, controversy exists re garding the effect on knee stability. The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the effect of squat exercises on in vivo knee joint stability of professional football players. Thirty-two subjects with normal knees participated in a 21-week off-season training program. Subjects performed power squat exercises with barbell loads of 130% to 200% body weight twice weekly. Both knees of each subject were tested by a single examiner with a knee ligament arthrometer before the training program and at 12 and 21 weeks. Passive displace ments were recorded at 67, 89, and 133 N with the knee at 30° and 90° of flexion. Active testing was performed with the knee in the same positions. Student's paired t-tests were used to compare pre- and postexercise measures. For all subjects, no significant differences were found between pre- and postexercise results for active and passive tests. Of the 2440 measurements taken, only 8 demonstrated increased excursions greater than 2 mm. This study demonstrates no significant increases in anterior-posterior tibiofemoral translation in athletes using the squat exercise as part of their off-season training program.
Partial Tears of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Lintner David M. , Kamaric Emir , Moseley J. Bruce , Noble Philip C. 
Published: June 2007

Eight cadaveric lower extremities were examined by three experienced knee surgeons in blinded fashion. The knees were examined with intact anterior cruciate ligaments, sectioned anteromedial bundles, and completely sec tioned anterior cruciate ligaments to evaluate detectable laxity changes. Lachman, anterior drawer, lateral pivot shift, and KT-1000 arthrometer testing were performed. Optimized biplanar radiography using a defined spatial co ordinate reference system was performed with a 30- pound anterior force at 30° of flexion to confirm clinical findings. Physical examination and arthrometertesting de tected no difference between intact and partially sectioned anterior cruciate ligaments; these ligaments were signifi cantly different than completely sectioned ligaments, with the Lachman test being the most sensitive. Despite consistent clinical detection of complete sec tioning of the anterior cruciate ligament by both physical examination and arthrometer testing, neither method proved accurate in the diagnosis of isolated tears of the anteromedial bundle, but both did show that partially sectioned anterior cruciate ligament closely resembled intact ligament and differed significantly from com pletely sectioned ligament, as confirmed by radiologic data. Clinically diagnosed "partial tear" is likely to be complete rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. His torically, clinically diagnosed partial tears of the anterior cruciate ligament have tended to "progress" to symp tomatic instability. Our data imply these patients may have had functionally incompetent ligaments from time of injury and, in fact, were demonstrating the expected natu ral history of an anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee.
Short-Term Effects of Knee Washout for Osteoarth ritis
Authors: Edelson Richard , Burks Robert T. , Bloebaum Roy D. 
Published: June 2007

Twenty-nine knees in 23 patients with symptomatic os teoarthritis underwent washout with lactated Ringer's solution. Two arthroscopic cannulas were placed into the knee under local anesthetic. Three liters of fluid were run through the knee using varying inflow and out flow to alternately inflate and deflate the knee. We ob tained Hospital for Special Surgery knee scores, Knee Society pain and function ratings, and visual analog pain scales before washout and up to 2 years after washout. At 1 year, the mean Hospital for Special Surgery score increased from 72 to 87, the Knee Society pain rating from 64 to 89, and the Knee Society function rat ing from 62 to 82. Twenty-five knees had a good or excellent result at 1 year. Twenty-one of these were observed at 2 years; 17 had good or excellent results. This study confirms the value of a fluid washout in an arthritic knee for some patients. This may explain some of the symptom relief seen with arthroscopic procedures in this condition.
A Comparison of Intraarticular Morphine and Bupivacaine for Pain Control After Outpatient Knee Arthroscopy
Authors: Jaureguito John W. , Wilcox Joseph F. , Cohn Stephan J. , Thisted Ronald A. , Reider Bruce 
Published: June 2007

To determine the duration of pain relief and efficacy of intraarticular morphine compared with bupivacaine after outpatient knee arthroscopy under local anesthe sia, we gave patients one of three postoperative intraar ticular injections: 4 mg morphine, 0.25% bupivacaine, or 0.9% saline. Visual analog scale scores and supple mental pain medication use were recorded at 0 to 30 minutes, 2, 4, 6, 8 to 12, and 24 hours after surgery. The score on the visual analog scale at 24 hours was sig nificantly lower in the morphine group than in the bupi vacaine or control groups. The cumulative amount of pain medication used was significantly lower in the mor phine and bupivacaine groups at 2 to 6 hours after sur gery than in the saline control group. The morphine group used the least supplemental pain medication dur ing the 12 to 24 hour interval ( P = 0.06). We found that the use of intraarticular morphine or bupivacaine after outpatient knee arthroscopy will de crease the amount of narcotic medication needed for pain relief during the early postoperative period. In ad dition, morphine provided prolonged pain relief up to 24 hours when compared with bupivacaine or placebo, and the patients in the morphine group tended to take less supplemental pain medication during the first postop erative day.
Analytic Reviews : Potential New Therapies for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wechsler Lawrence R. 
Published: June 2007

Evidence from animal models of acute stroke suggests ischemia may be reversible if blood flow is restored in the first few hours. Studies of human stroke using posi tron emission tomography demonstrate areas with re duced blood flow and relatively preserved metabolism, indicating potentially reversible ischemic brain. Resto ration of blood flow during this reversible phase should improve outcome after stroke. Many therapeutic strategies for treatment of acute ischemic stroke have been proposed, including increas ing collateral flow, removing vascular obstructions, and interfering with the intracellular cascade of events that lead to neuronal cell death. Hypervolemic hemodilution reduces viscosity and increases cerebral blood flow, and this may hopefully raise blood flow above the critical threshold of irreversible ischemia. Naloxone, calcium channel blockers, and glutamate antagonists alter blood flow and influence intracellular events during and after acute ischemia. Thrombolytic therapy restores blood flow by lysis of obstructing clot. These therapies show promise in preliminary studies, but additional ran domized controlled studies are needed.
The Design and Testing of Work Clothing for Female Pear Farmers
Authors: Choi Mee-Sung , Ashdown Susan P. 
Published: June 2007

This research was undertaken to develop work clothing for pear farmers in Naju county, Korea. Pear farming is economically important here, but there has been little effort to develop work clothing to improve worker comfort and efficiency. This study presented special problems to the researcher/designer. The subjects were unable to verbalize their needs and were appreciative and accepting of any prototype design with little critical analysis of its function. The researchers adopted methodologies including field observation and in depth interviews to collect data of expert analysis of the prototypes. Field observation, interviews, and questionnaires were used in Phase 1 of the research to collect data on clothing needs of male and female farmers. Survey results (113 questionnaires, 42 female, 71 male) and a pilot test revealed differences in requirements between females’ and males’ work clothing. Female pear farmers were selected as subjects for the final phases of the study. Four prototype work outfits for female workers (jackets and pants) were developed and tested for fit, mobility, and acceptability in the field. Perception of fit, function, and aesthetics of the four work outfits were evaluated by female pear farmers and expert judges. The outfits for Korean female pear farmer workers developed and tested in this study have the potential to increase field performance and worker comfort. The concepts employed can be used to develop work outfits for workers in other fields, particularly for workers such as the pear farmers who are not skilled at verbalizing their needs or engaging in critical analysis of prototype garments.
Fiddly Jobs, Undeclared Working and the Something for Nothing Society
Authors: MacDonald Robert 
Published: June 2007

Whilst it may be easy to dismiss ideological diatribes about `a something for nothing society' as empty rhetoric, there are relatively few recent studies with which to assess claims about `benefit scroungers' and `dole fiddlers'. Qualitative methods were employed to explore the ways in which some working-class people in an economically depressed locality did `fiddly jobs' (i.e. working `undeclared' whilst in receipt of unemployment benefits). The research explored the motivations underpinning fiddly work and the normative values surrounding it. Informants expressed a clear and conservative morality which stood at odds with descriptions of a `welfare underclass' or `dependency culture': most common types of fiddling (irregular, low-paid, temporary) were economically necessary and were done (usually by men) in order to support household incomes and to preserve self-respect. Fiddly work was distributed through local social networks which allowed a minority to maintain an involvement with work culture and to avoid some of the worst material and social psychological consequences of unemployment. Thus fiddly jobs in sub-contracted and other sectors of casualised work are part of a survival strategy through which some people develop alternative ways of working in the face of restricted avenues for legitimate employment and a system of benefits which failed to meet people's material needs.
Patterns of Employment, Gender and Pensions: The Effect of Work History on Older Women's Non-State Pensions
Authors: Ginn Jay , Arber Sara 
Published: June 2007

Gender inequality of income in later life is linked to earlier employment through the major role of occupational and personal pensions. In addition to women's lower earnings, their diverse patterns of employment, in terms of the timing of periods of full-time, part-time and non-employment, may affect non-state pension income. In this paper, work history data from the 1988 OPCS Retirement and Retirement Plans Survey is used, first to identify distinct patterns of older women's lifetime employment and relate these to socio-economic and marital status. Second, we analyse the receipt and amount of occupational and personal pensions for women over state pension age according to their pattern of lifetime employment. We show that older women's likelihood of receiving non-state pension income and the amount received were closely related to their employment pattern, especially whether their employment had been mainly full time or not. However, even older women with full time and mainly continuous employment, who represent an elite minority, were disadvantaged in non-state pension income compared with men. Women's full-time employment in mid-life had a disproportionate influence in improving likelihood of pension entitlement compared with earlier employment.
Balancing Home and Employment: Stress Reported by Social Services Staff
Authors: Ginn Jay , Sandell Jane 
Published: June 2007

The paper aims to contribute to an understanding of how stress from the combined responsibilities of home and employment varies according to the family circumstances and employment characteristics of women and men. For women, family responsibilities are associated with shorter hours of employment and lower occupational achievement, whereas for men, marriage is a career asset. Yet the reason for women's underachievement is disputed: some researchers claim that women's part-time work in low-paid, low-status jobs represent women's voluntary choice. Others argue that women's employment options are constrained by their domestic responsibilities; and that reducing hours of work and modifying career aspirations may represent one way of balancing home and employment so as to minimise stress. Data are used from the National Institute of Social Work (NISW) Workforce Survey of over 1000 women and men in four broad types of work in the social service departments of five English local authorities. Information is available on staff's perception of stress from combining paid and unpaid roles. We examine whether there are gender differences in reported stress among those who have structurally similar domestic circumstances; whether gender differences in stress can be explained in terms of occupational segregation and hours of employment; and whether the lower stress reported by part-time employees is independent of family responsibilities and type of occupation. A key concern is to assess whether part-time employment enables women with family responsibilities to avoid high levels of stress. There was increased stress on those staff with dependent children or with informal caring commitments. Men reported higher stress than women, irrespective of family circumstances, but the difference disappeared once account was taken of type of work and hours. Family responsibilities and employment characteristics had independent effects on stress levels. Type of work, in terms of level of responsibility, had more influence on stress than hours worked. Among full-time non-manual staff, women with family responsibilities experienced more stress than equivalent men, suggesting that women's occupational advancement is achieved at greater cost in terms of stress than men's.
Institutional Transference and Changing Workplace Relations in Post Unification East Germany: A Case Study of Secondary Education Teachers
Authors: Upchurch Martin 
Published: June 2007

German Unification in 1990 was processed by the imposition of the `western' institutional framework on the former east. Legal, administrative and fiscal systems were transferred as part of the Unification Treaty together with the West German industrial relations machinery of co-determination in collective bargaining and participation at the level of the workplace. However the fact that the two Germanies had grown in different economic, social and ideological environments over the previous 40 years raises questions about the viability of such institutional transference. Feelings of `colonisation' and frustrated expectations have been identified as western dominance of officialdom and disappointment at the product of Unification has emerged in the east. Within the public sector these problems have been accompanied with ideological purges of public servants in social policy and education after investigation of past involvement with the former GDR secret police network. This article examines institutional transference with reference to the case of secondary education teachers. Disputes over wage equalisation, job cuts and non-recognition of former GDR teaching qualifications are examined together with attitudes of classroom teachers to the changing nature of their work, their status as teachers and their involvement as trade union participants in the German participatory system of industrial relations.
Regulated covalent modifications of lipid A
Authors: Raetz Christian R.H. 
Published: June 2007

Regulated covalent modifications of lipid A are implicated in virulence of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. The Salmonella PhoP/PhoQ-activated gene pagP is required for resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and for biosynthesis of hepta-acylated lipid A species containing palmitate. Interestingly, pagP encodes an unusual enzyme of lipid A biosynthesis localized in the outer membrane, whereas all previously characterized lipid A enzymes are cytoplasmic or associated with the inner membrane. PagP is not unique, however, as pagL encodes another outer membrane enzyme in Salmonella that deacylates the 3 position of lipid A. S. typhimurium also synthesizes S-2-hydroxymyristate modified lipid A in a PhoP/PhoQ-dependent manner. We postulated that 2-hydroxylation might be catalyzed by a novel dioxygenase. Using well-characterized dioxygenase sequences as probes, tBLASTn searches revealed unassigned open reading frame(s) with similarity to mammalian aspartyl β-hydroxylases in bacteria known to make 2-hydroxyacylated lipid A. The S. typhimurium aspartyl β-hydroxylase homologue ( lpxO) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli K-12, which does not contain lpxO. Analysis of the resulting construct revealed that lpxO expression induces O 2-dependent formation of 2-hydroxymyristate-modified lipid A in E. coli. LpxO may be an inner membrane enzyme that catalyzes Fe 2+/ascorbate/α-ketoglutarate dependent hydroxylation of lipid A. We propose that 2-hydroxymyristate released from LPS inside infected animal cells might be converted to 2-hydroxymyristoyl coenzyme A, a potent inhibitor of protein N-myristoyl transferase.
Structural and serological characterisation of the O-antigenic polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from Acinetobacter strain 96 (DNA group 11)
Authors: Vinogradov Evgeny V. , Pantophlet Ralph , Brade Helmut , Holst Otto 
Published: June 2007

A polysaccharide containing D-Man p, L-Fuc p (6-deoxygalactopyranose, fucose) and D-Glc pNAc was isolated by mild acid hydrolysis, followed by gel-permeation chromatography, from the lipopolysaccharide derived from Acinetobacter strain 96 (DNA group 11). The structure of the O-antigen was determined by compositional analysis and NMR spectroscopy of the polysaccharide as: A monoclonal antibody obtained after immunization of mice with heat-killed bacteria of Acinetobacter strain 96 was shown to bind to the O-antigen and did not cross-react with any Acinetobacter O-antigen of known structure.
p38-MAPK inhibition and endotoxin induced tubular dysfunction in men
Authors: Zijlstra Jan G. , Tulleken Jaap E. , Ligtenberg Jack J.M. , de Boer Peter , van der Werf Tjip S. 
Published: June 2007

Background: To evaluate the possibility of preventing endotoxin induced renal damage by p38-MAPK inhibition in a human model.Design and Methods: Twenty-one healthy young male volunteers received 4 ng/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin as a single dose. Four groups of volunteers received an oral dose of placebo or 350, 700 or 1400 mg RWJ-67657, a p38-MAPK inhibitor, 20 min before endotoxin infusion. Urine samples were collected at set time intervals. The urinary excretion rate of β2-microglobulin and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, as indicators of tubular dysfunction was determined.Results: There was a significant increase of β2-microglobulin and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase urine excretion rate after endotoxin infusion in the placebo group. p38-MAPK inhibition prevented the increase of markers for tubulopathy.Conclusions: Endotoxin infusion induces measurable tubular damage. Blocking the p38-MAPK may prevent this damage. The mechanism is unclear, but blocking TNF-α release is a possible explanation.