bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conglomerates revisited
Authors: Williams Jeffrey R. , Paez Betty Lynn , Sanders Leonard 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRecent studies of corporate restructuring have arrived at conclusions that are contradictory when applied to conglomerates. Studies, often based only on manufacturing firms, argue for and against the benefits of conglomerate diversification. This paper reviews the more recent developments in this literature. We then construct a comprehensive sample of conglomerates that allows us to examine changes in conglomerate behavior over the period 1975–84 as manifested in acquisition and divestiture decisions. Our results suggest that conglomerate managers are reducing the complexity of the conglomerate enterprise by decreasing the average number of businesses managed, and by increasing the degree of business‐relatedness within the conglomerate enterprise.
Thinking one step ahead: The use of conjectures in competitor analysis
Authors: Amit Raphael , Domowitz Ian , Fershtman Chaim 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn assessment of opponents' reactions to strategic and functional area policy decisions is shown to require knowledge concerning opponents' beliefs about the firm's behavior. This study introduces a methodology for incorporating such conjectures into the business planning process. It presents an analytical measure for these conjectural variations and discusses several illustrations. Examples of the application of the framework are provided by the Japanese flat glass industry and the U.S. domestic coffee roasting industry. The use of a broad range of conjectural variations in competitor analysis is discussed, and implications for business strategy formulation are highlighted.
Reputation and corporate strategy: A review of recent theory and applications
Authors: Weigelt Keith , Camerer Colin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA corporate reputation is a set of attributes ascribed to a firm, inferred from the firm's past actions. While the intuition behind reputation‐building is hardly new, recent research has formalized the concept. We review this research and then, using examples, illustrate some of the strategic behavioral implications of these formal models.
Cooperative strategy
Authors: Nielsen Richard P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article develops a classification scheme for mutual gain cooperative strategies between and among different organizations. The cooperative strategies considered are pool, exchange, de‐escalate, and experiment/contingency. These cooperative strategies are considered in four types of game/market environmental life cycle situations: positive‐sum growth, zero‐sum mature, negative‐sum decline, and transformable to positive‐sum growth. Cases from domestic and international business, nonprofit and government organizations are illustrated. Literature examples from strategic management, evolutionary biology, game theory and ecosystems theory are synthesized and used as foundation and explanation. Positive and negative public policy implications of cooperative strategy are also considered. In most, but not all, cases, cooperative strategy appears to improve value‐added efficiency in a wide variety of environments and situations.
Chief executive compensation: A synthesis and reconciliation
Authors: Finkelstein Sidney , Hambrick Donald C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChief executive (CEO) compensation is a potent instrument through which theorists can improve their understanding of organization substance and symbol. This paper reviews and integrates the literature on CEO compensation, focusing on both determinants and consequences of this complex, often controversial phenomenon. The central thesis is that CEO pay is at once both more and less ‘sensible’ than its critics and architects, respectively, contend. Comprehending CEO compensation, whether for purposes of description or prescription, requires the use of multiple perspectives—economic, political, social, and individual.
A dynamic perspective on the impact of process innovation upon competitive strategies
Authors: Schroeder Dean M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe paper lays the foundation for building a dynamic theory of the impact of process innovation upon competitive strategies. An innovation is tracked over two and a half decades to observe changing patterns in competition resulting from ongoing innovation development, emerging complementary technologies, and expanding use. The study finds that the innovation created competitive opportunities and threats for both firms that adopted it and those that did not.
Requiem for a lightweight: The Northrop f‐20 strategic initiative
Authors: Jurkus Anthony F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study focuses upon the recently discontinued F‐20 program of the Northrop Corporation. Northrop's strategic initiative is analyzed historically and comparatively, and the implications of the program failure are discussed with respect to government procurement policy, defense contracting, international trade and arms transfer, and global competition in aerospace.
Changing pattern of acquisition behaviour in takeovers and the consequences for acquisition processes
Authors: Hunt John W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSince 1985 the U.K. and American corporate markets have been seeing, for the fourth time this century, boom conditions in the acquisition and merging of companies. Most predictions suggest this pattern will continue into the 1990s. Yet the failure of acquired companies remains at 50 per cent. In an attempt to understand this failure rate Kitching's seminal work (1967, 1973) is used as a starting point. His hypothesized relationships for success or failure are tested against a recent U.K. study of 40 cases, and found to be insufficient to explain success or failure. A paradigm of contextual and process variables is proposed as a fuller explanation of the phenomenon. Finally, different contexts and different behavioural processes are suggested as more substantial explanations of outcomes.
Research notes and communications management objectives in mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Walter Gordon A. , Barney Jay B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA taxonomy of managerial goals in mergers and acquisitions is developed through a cluster analysis of data from interviews with merger and acquisition practitioners. These clusters of objectives overlap with some objectives cited for mergers and acquisitions in the academic literature, but the correspondence is not complete. Further analysis shows that different types of mergers and acquisitions are characterized by different managerial objectives. The implications of this research for the development of a contingency model of the relationship between managerial objectives and mergers and acquisitions are discussed.
Founding strategy and performance: A comparison of high and low growth high tech firms
Authors: Feeser Henry R. , Willard Gary E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSome firms grow very rapidly; others much more slowly. Potential explanations for differences in performance levels between high growth firms and low growth firms operating in the same industry are sought by comparing the firms' founding strategies. Results indicate that founding strategies of high and low growth firms differ systematically among the firms studied.
Value creation in acquisitions: A re‐examination of performance issues
Authors: Seth Anju 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study provides a conceptual framework and an empirical methodology to assess the extent of value creation in acquisitions. Arguments are presented to examine why related acquisitions might not outperform unrelated acquisitions on average. New measures of value creation are developed which resolve the difficulties with measures used by earlier researchers. In addition, the influence of the classification scheme used to identify acquisition types, and the impact of the relative size of the target to the bidder, on the measurement of the extent of value creation, is examined. The empirical results indicate that value is created in both unrelated and related acquisitions. Further, the data do not appear to indicate that related acquisitions create more value than unrelated acquisitions on average.
An eclectic theory of the choice of international entry mode
Authors: Hill Charles W. L. , Hwang Peter , Kim W. Chan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe choice of entry mode into a foreign market has a major impact on the success of a firm's international operations. However, the existing literature on the entry mode decision has either presented a list of considerations without identifying underlying constructs, or treated each entry decision in isolation. Here, a unifying framework is developed. This framework identifies three underlying constructs that influence the entry mode decision. These constructs are linked to considerations that have been previously discussed in the literature. It is argued that a firm's choice of entry mode depends on the strategic relationship the firm envisages between operations in different countries. A particular entry decision cannot be viewed in isolation. It must be considered in relation to the overall strategic posture of the firm. Further, the paper argues that different variables often suggest different entry modes, and that resolving these differences involves accepting trade‐offs.
Matching compensation and organizational strategies
Authors: Balkin David B. , Gomez‐Mejia Luis R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study examines the impact of organizational strategies (at both the corporate and business unit level) on pay strategies, and their interactive influence on the effectiveness of the compensation system. The empirical findings are based on the survey responses of 192 human resource management executives in business units of large manufacturing firms. Corporate strategy was a significant predictor of pay package design, pay level relative to the market, and pay administration policies. Business unit strategy was a significant predictor of pay package design and pay level relative to the market. The findings are supportive of congruency notions which suggest that the effectiveness of the compensation system is partly a function of the fit between pay strategies and organizational strategies.
Isolation and Structure Investigations of Square Banana (Musa balbisiana) Starch
Authors: de la Torre‐Gutierrez Lázaro , Torruco‐Uco Juan G. , Castellanos‐Ruelas Arturo , Chel‐Guerrero Luis A. , Betancur‐Ancona David 
Published: May 2007

AbstractStarch was isolated from unripe square banana (Musa balbisiana) fruit and characterized physically and chemically. Isolation was done with a 23 factorial design using five replicates in the central trial. Evaluated factors were: flour: solvent ratio (1:6 ‐ 1:10, w/v); sodium bisulfite concentration (0.1 ‐ 0.3%); and soaking time (30 ‐ 60 min). Optimum starch isolation in an alkaline medium was obtained with: 1:5 (w/v) flour: solvent ratio; 0.1% sodium bisulfite concentration; and 60 min soaking time. Starch yield under these conditions was 69.8% with 94.5% purity. Starch granules had an oval‐elongate shape, a size range of 24‐68 μm, and average size of 24.6 μm. Amylose content was 22.2% and amylopectin content 77.8%. Granules had a C‐type ‐ray diffraction pattern and a degree of polymerization (DP) of 3‐20 for lengths of branch chains.
Zur Theorie der Windkanalturbulenz1. Mitteilung
Authors: Tollmien W. , Schäfer Manfred 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNach einem Überblick über frühere Arbeiten wird durch Linearisierung der hydrodynamischen Differentialgleichungen ein mathematisches Modell der Windkanalturbulenz aufgestellt, ohne die übliche Annahme der Isotropie zu machen. Für das Randwertproblem der linearisierten hydrodynamischen Differentialgleichungen wird eine Integrationstheorie entwickelt. Dabei ergibt sich eine Trennung der Strömung in eine Potential— und Diffusionsströmung. Mittelwerte dieser Strömungen werden diskutiert.
Der Kompressibilitätseinfluß für dünne wenig gekrümmte Profile bei Unterschallgeschwindigkeit .
Authors: Hantzsche W. , Wendt H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFür die Berechnung von höheren Näherungen kompressibler Unterschallströmungen um dünne wenig gekrümmte Profile wird ein Verfahren angegeben, das von der Prandtlschen Näherung für schlanke Profile ausgeht und für alle unterkritischen Machschen Zahlen gilt. Dazu wird die Stromfunktion nach einem Parameter entwickelt, der die Abweichung der Profilform in Dicke, Wölbung und Anstellwinkel von einem‐ geraden nichtangestellten Streckenprofil charakterisiert. Das erste Glied der Reihe stellt die ungestörte Parallelströmung dar. Die beiden ersten Glieder entsprechen der Prandtlschen Näherung. Die neue Verbesserung für etwas dickere Profile ergibt sich durch Hinzunahme des dritten Gliedes. Die Methode wurde in einigen Beispielen für die maximale Übergeschwindigkeit und den Auftrieb ausgewertet, die beide stärker mit der Machschen Zahl anwachsen als nach der Prandtlschen Formel.
Strömungen über Bodenerhebungen auf der rotierenden Erde
Authors: Rothstein W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie von H. Görtler aufgestellten Gleichungen für die Strömung einer volumbeständigen Flüssigkeitsschicht konstanter Dichte über Bodenerhebungen auf der rotierenden Erde werden für den Fall endlich ausgedehnter Bodenerhebungen behandelt. Dabei wird jedoch zunächst der in jenen Gleichungen erfaßte Reibungseinfluß vernachlässigt. Als Beispiele werden durchgerechnet ein Berg mit kreisförmigen und ein Berg mit elliptischen Höhenlinien.
Zur Kinematik des Rollgleitens
Authors: Grü Gerhard 
Published: May 2007

AbstractZur Klärung der kinematischen Verhältnisse beim Rollgleiten werden die beiden Polkurvenscharen, die raumfesten Spurkurven und die für den sich bewegenden Körper, körperfesten Rollkurven für alle Bewegungszustände vom reinen Gleiten bis zum reinen Rollen bestimmt.
Bemerkungen zur Entwicklung gegebener Funktionen nach Legendreschen Polynomen mit Anwendung auf die numerische Integration gewöhnlicher linearer Differentialgleichungen
Authors: Fehlberg Erwin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTeil I: Zur Berechnung der Koeffizienten, die bei der Entwicklung gegebener Funktionen nach Legendreschen Polynomen auftreten, wird die zu entwickelnde Funktion abschnittsweise durch Parabeln 4ter Ordnung ersetzt und das Produkt dieser Näherungsparabeln mit den entsprechenden Legendreschen Polynomen exakt integriert.Teil II: Für die gewöhnliche lineare Differentialgleichung 2‐ter Ordnung wird die erste Randwertaufgabe numerisch gelöst, indem die Koeffizienten der Differentialgleichung nach Legendreschen Polynomen entwickelt werden und für die Lösung eine nach Legendreschen Polynomen fortschreitende Reihe mit unbestimmten Koeffizienten angesetzt wird. Die Berechnung der allgemeinen Lösung wird so auf die Auflösung eines linearen Gleichungensystems zurückgeführt. Die spezielle Lösung der Randwertaufgabe kann numerisch so angegeben werden, daß darin die rechte Seite der Differentialgleichung sowie die Randwerte noch völlig offen bleiben.
Breakdown of Laminar Shearing Flows for Second‐Order Fluids in Channels of Critical Width
Authors: Coleman Bernard D. , Mizel Victor J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe flow of a general incompressible second‐order viscoelastic fluid is described by a third‐order nonlinear vectorial partial differential equation. We here discuss the theory of that equation for the case in which the fluid is flowing between two parallel plates with separation h. We show that for certain critical channell‐widths has flow which is initially a laminar shearing flow cannot remain so. In fact, for these critical values of h, if there is any flow at all the departure from shearing flow must appear instantly in the first time‐derivative of the velocity. This result, which has no analogue in the Navier‐Stokes theory, sheds light on a nonexistence theorem obtained by Coleman, Duffin, and Mizel [6] for the linear equation describing second‐order fluids in shearing flow.
On Bending of a Parallelogram Plate
Authors: Aggarwala B. D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBending of a parallelogram plate under various kinds of loading has been investigated. The following kinds of loads are considered (1) Isolated load at the center of the plate, (2) Uniform load, (3) Load distributed over a central circular area, (4) Isolated load at an arbitrary point of the plate, (5) Load distributed over an arbitrary circular area of the plate. Various numerical results are given.
Upper and Lower Bounds for the Frequencies of Rectangular Cantilever Plates
Authors: Bazley N. W. , Fox D. W. , Stadter J. T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe authors use a recently developed procedure for lower bounds and the Rayleigh ‐ Ritz procedure for upper bounds to estimate frequencies of free vibration of thin rectangular cantilever plates. The applicability of the lower bound procedure is demonstrated, and calculations are given for a symmetry class of normal modes. The lower bounds seem to be the first rigorously obtained for this problem. The upper bounds are improvements over previously published rigorous results.
Integrabilität und Integration überbestimmter Systeme partieller Differentialgleichungen
Authors: Apostolatos N. , Kulisch U. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFrühere Arbeiten ([1], [2], [3]) der Verfasser beschäftigten sich bereits mit der Integration überbestimmter Systeme partieller Differentialgleichungen. Darin wurden jedoch nur solche Probleme behandelt, bei denen ein Teil der Gleichungen quasilinear ist. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden allgemein Systeme partieller Differentialgleichungen untersucht, bei denen die Anzahl der Gleichungen größer ist als die Anzahl der gesuchten Funktionen. Im ersten Teil wird die Frage der Existenz von Lösungen solcher Systeme sowie die ihrer vollständigen Integrabilität behandelt. Der zweite Teil bringt zwei Methoden zur Integration vollständig integrabler Systeme mittels gewöhnlicher Differentialgleichungen. Eine Fortsetzung der vorliegenden Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit einigen Anwendungen der Integrabilitäts‐ und Integrationstheorie auf die Behandlung von Anfangswertproblemen bei partiellen Differentialgleichungen.
Die Ausgangsgestalt Eulerscher Elastika bei gegebenem Belastungs‐ und Deformationszustand
Authors: Löbel G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn der Theorie der Deformation von Körpern unterscheidet man zwei Grundaufgaben: die Ermittlung des Deformationszustandes bei vorgegebenem Ausgangszustand, d. h. des Zustandes vor der Belastung, und die Ermittlung des Ausgangszustandes bei vorgegebenem Deformationszustand.Die vorliegende Arbeit demonstriert die zweite Aufgabe anhand Eulerscher Elastika, unter Beschränkung auf konstante Krümmung im Deformationszustand. Es wird gezeigt, daß im Falle geometrisch nichtlinearer Biegedeformationen die beiden Aufgaben zu grundsätzlich verschiedenen Ergebnissen führen.Praktische Bedeutung kommt den Ergebnissen bei der Herstellung von Kolbendichtungsringen für verschiedenste Aggregate, vorzugsweise jedoch für Kompressoren und Motoren, zu.
Slow Steady Flow of an Idealized Elastico‐Viscous Incompressible Fluid of Oldroyd Type Through a Straight Tube with an Arbitrary Cross‐section
Authors: Ramacharyulu N. Ch. Pattabhi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper, slow steady flow of an idealized elastico‐viscous liquid through a straight tube is discussed. Perturbation technique is employed to linearize the equations of motion and state. We observe that the flow, under the influence of a constant pressure gradient down the axis of the tube, is a rectilinear flow over which a secondary flow is superposed in planes perpendicular to the length of the tube. The basic equations derived are solved with the function theoretic method. The solution for any arbitrary cross‐section of the tube is obtained. The case of a tube with an elliptic‐limacon cross‐section is given as an example.
The Axisymmetric Response of a Complete Cylindrical Shell to Shock Loads
Authors: Stadler W. , Wang J. T. S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe bending theory of thin shells is used to obtain the dynamic response of a complete cylindrical shell of finite length. The shell is subjected to axisymmetric dynamic loads, normal to the shell surface. The effects of the inertial load in the longitudinal direction are assumed to be negligible. The general solution is exact within the theory, and it is presented in a concise form, which simplifies its application to specific boundary‐value problems. The natural frequencies are calculated from transcendental equations obtained by the application of the respective boundary conditions to the general solution. An illustrative example of a clamped cylindrical shell subjected to a uniform shock with linear decay is presented, including numerical results.
Hydrodynamic Stability of a Laminar Boundary Layer with Transverse Curvature Effect
Authors: Rao G. N. V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA study of the hydrodynamic stability of the boundary layer with transverse curvature has been made on the basis of linear theory. Defining ζ as the transverse curvature parameter, (essentially the ratio of boundary layer thickness to the radius of transverse curvature), it is found that axisymmetric mode of disturbance is the most critical up to O(ζ). The transverse curvature itself is found to be destabilizing but the velocity profile due to it can in certain cases make the flow stable. In fact, for the boundary layer flow on a circular cylinder moving axially, it is found that all small disturbances will be damped out if the Reynolds number based on the radius is less than about 11 000.
Profile in ebener Scherströmung
Authors: Sockel H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBei nahezu konstanter Scherung der inkompressiblen reibungsfreien Grundströmung kann man dieser beliebige Potentialströmungen überlagern. Daher ist es auch möglich, die Methode der Singularitätenbelegung zur Darstellung der Strömung um Profile heranzuziehen. Die auf eine einzelne Singularität wirkende Kraft und der Einfluß der Singularitäten auf die Profilkräfte werden berechnet. Kennt man Wirbel‐ und Quellverteilung für ein Profil in Parallelströmung mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit, so kann man damit sofort die Beiwerte für Auftrieb und Moment für dasselbe Profil in einer Scherströmung in erster Näherung ermitteln. Für die angestellte ebene Platte wird eine exakte Lösung angegeben.
Minimale Gerschgorin‐Kreise
Authors: Elsner L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie Theorie minimaler Gerschgorin‐Kreise wird auf den Fall erweitert, daβ mehrere Kreise mit gleichem Mittelpunkt von den übrigen getrennt werden können. Wie im Falle eines Kreises ergibt sich auch hier, daβ der kleinste Gerschgorin‐Radius Λo Eigenwert einer gewissen Matrix ist. Die Resultate können zur Fehlerabschätzung beim Jacobi‐Verfahren bei gehäuften Eigenwerten benutzt werden. Hinreichende Kriterien für die Trennbarkeit, die Porsching angegeben hat, sind auf diesen Fall übertragbar.
Der Einfluß starker Unstetigkeitsfronten auf Unterschallströmungen um Profile
Authors: Rues D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird der Einfluß einer starken Unstetigkeitsfront auf das Feld einer inkompressiblen Strömung um ein Profil untersucht. Das Strömungsfeld wird getrennt auf beiden Seiten der Unstetigkeitsfront mit Hilfe der linearisierten Gleichungen berechnet. Diese beiden Felder werden auf der Front durch die Forderung nach gleichem Druck und gleicher u‐Komponente der Geschwindigkeit aneinander angeschlossen. Als numerische Beispiel wird der Einfluß der Unstetigkeitsfront auf die Strömung um ein Parabelbogenprofil behandelt.