bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Swedish obstetricians manage hypertensive disorders in pregnancy
Authors: Wide‐Swensson Dag , Montal Sven , Ingemarsson Ingemar 
Published: November 2007

Objective. To study treatment of hypertension in pregnancy in Sweden and compare our results Kith a similar study published in 1981.Methods. A multiple choice questionnaire was sent to 92 obstetricians throughout Sweden and 88% responded.Results. Most Swedish obstetricians would treat a woman in the second trimester with blood pressure 140/95 mmHg without antihypertensive medication (83%) in the out‐patient clinic (81%). Thc corresponding figures according to a similar study published in 1981 were 33% and 71% of olwtetricians, respectively. Almost all obstetricians (95%)) would give antihypertensive treatmeni if the blood pressure was 170/110 nimHg or more. Betablockers and hydralazine were the most commonly used drugs. Sixteen per cent of obstetricians would use calcium antagonists, drugs not available in the previous study. Treatment with diuretics, methyldopa or diazepam in hypertension was rarely used. Eight per cent of obstetricians would give low‐dose aspirin to patients with mild hypertension and 20% to patients with severe hypertension. Fourteen per cent of obstetricians would stop all kind of antihypertensive medication and frequently observe patients with essential hypertension.Conclusion. Antihypertensive therapy and management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy show a great disparity among Swedish obstetricians. National strategies might improve the morbidity and mortality associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.
Vaginal weight cones. Theoretical framework, effect on pelvic floor muscle strength and female stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Bø Kari 
Published: November 2007

Objective. The purpose of the present review article is to analyze the scientific background for the use of vaginal cones in measurement of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength and effect on female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Material and methods. Literature search is based on articles written in English language compiled from MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, and SCISEARCH from 1985 up to 1993. Only one study and one abstract were found dealing with methodology of cones used as measuring devices for PFM strength. Six articles were found evaluating the effect of cones on PFM strength and/or SUI.Results The analysis of the literature revealed that there is low correlation between PFM strength (measured by vaginal squeeze pressure and vaginal palpation) and ability to hold the cones in incontinent women. The theoretical basis for strength development using cones can be questioned. The studies evaluating effect on PFM strength and SUI have flaws in design, outcome variables and measurement of PFM strength. Including drop out rates, subjective improvement rates vary between 30–63% in uncontrolled studies.Conclusion. It is concluded that cones may not be used as objective measuring devices for PFM strength. There is a need for prospective controlled randomized studies applying reliable and valid outcome variables to evaluate the effect of cones in treatment of SUI.
Experiences of the first pelvic examination in a random sample of Danish teenagers
Authors: Larsen Solveig Brixen , Kragstrup Jakob 
Published: November 2007

Objective. To describe Danish teenagers' experiences and preferences concerning the first pelvic examination.Methods. Cross‐sectional postal questionnaire study. A total of 1500 women, aged 17 years, were selected at random among all Danish women of that age. The response rate was 76%, and 551 had experienced their first examination.Results. Thirty‐two percent gave a negative general evaluation of the examination, and 13% found the examination very painful. The negative evaluation was strongly associated with the experience of pain, embarrassment, perceived impossibility of interrupting the examination, not knowing what the doctor was doing, learning nothing during the examination, indications other than oral contraception, and feeling of insufficient knowledge when arriving for the first examination.Conclusion. It is recommended that teenagers are given more information and realistic expectations prior to the first pelvic examination.
Influence of partner relationship on sexuality after subtotal hysterectomy
Authors: Helström Lotti , Sörbom Dag , Bäckström Torbjörn 
Published: November 2007

Objective This study was designed to address the question of the importance of a partner relationship with regards to sexuality before and after hysterectomy.Study Design. One hundred and four women were interviewed before and after hysterectomy. Sexual desire, activity, satisfaction and dysfunction were compared between women without, with a poor, and with a good partner relationship. The difference in predictive value of preoperative sexuality for postoperative sexuality for the groups was estimated with a multiple regression analysis method (LISREL).Results. Improved sexuality, one year after hysterectomy, was experienced by 61% of women with a good partner relationship, by 17% of those with a poor relationship but no improvement was seen in women who had no regular partner relationship. When influence of preoperative frequency of sexual desire, activity, satisfaction and dysfunction on postoperative sexuality was studied, orgasmic capacity was a better predictor for women with poor or ambivalent relationship than for women with good partner relationships.Conclusion. Women with no or ambivalent partner relationship are more at risk for deterioration of sexuality after hysterectomy.
Interleukin‐1, interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor at delivery in preeclamptic disorders
Authors: Opsjøan Sissel‐Linda , Austgulen Rigmor , Waage Anders 
Published: November 2007

Background. To examine if preeclamptic disorders lead to altered concentrations of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin‐1 and interleukin‐6 at delivery compared to normal pregnancy. Methods. Amniotic fluid, placenta, maternal and cord serum were collected at delivery by cesarean section or spontaneous labor. Samples were retrieved from 53 women with normal pregnancy, 54 with preeclamptic disorders and 15 who delivered a small for gestational neo‐nate of unknown cause. Cytokines were measured by bioassays. Statistics were performed with nonparametric tests.Results. Interleukin‐I in amniotic fluid tended to be lower with preeclamptic disorders than in normal pregnamy irrespective of labor. There was an increase in amniotic fluid tumor necrosis factor, interleukin‐1 and interleukin‐6 with onset of labor in preeclamptic disorders just as in normal pregnancy. There was a similar increase in interleukin‐6 in cord and maternal serum in the same groups, even if concentration of interleukin‐6 in cord serum in labor of preeclamptic disorders was lower than in normal pregnancy.Conclusions. No major differences were seen in concentrations of interleukin‐1, interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor in amniotic fluid, placenta, maternal or cord serum at delivery with preeclamptic disorders compared to normal pregnancy.
Comparison of three methods for the management of fragmented medial coronoid process in the dog
Authors: Gordon-Evans W. J. , Conzemius M. G. , Evans R. B. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe objective of this review and analysis was to compare arthroscopy, medial arthrotomy and medical management for treating fragmented coronoid process in the dog. The data come from manuscripts published in peer-reviewed veterinary journals, and the study design is a systematic review followed by meta-analysis. The meta-analysis combines data from a set of studies so that surgical techniques and medial management can be compared in a single analysis. Several literature databases and veterinary texts were thoroughly searched to provide a list of over 400 candidate manuscripts. Inclusion criteria were used to filter the candidate manuscripts to a final set of fourmanuscripts that directly pertained to the clinical question. They were scored for their evidentiary value using a semi-objective measure. The results were that arthroscopy was superior to medial arthrotomy and medical management, but medial arthrotomy was not superior to medical management. Only one manuscript was a randomized controlled trial, hence the results must be tempered by the evidentiary value of the data.
Digital measurement of radiographic tibial plateau angle. A comparison to measurement on printed digital images
Authors: Roush J. K. , Renberg W. C. , Lister S. A. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryPre-operative digital radiographs from 50 dogs undergoing a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy were evaluated. Tibial plateau angles were measured directly on printed films and measured on digital images using two different commercial DICOM viewers. The radiographs were scored for osteoarthritis and positioning. Using pooled results, the mean TPA from the digital images employing Web1000 (26.47° ± 3.90) was significantly higher then the mean TPA using film radiographs (25.41° ± 3.51), or IQ-View Pro (25.48° ± 3.89). There was not a significant difference between mean TPA using radiographs or IQ-view. Digital TPA measurement using built-in angle calipers in the clinical setting is a valid technique compared to measurements from film radiographs, and produces reproducible results. However, before changing to digital measurements, the chosen software programme should be validated against measurements using film radiographs to determine the magnitude of differences.
A case of dorso-medial luxation of the radial carpal bone in a dog
Authors: Delbeke C. , Asimus E. , Meynaud-Collard P. , Mathon D. , Zahra A. , Autefage A. , Palierne S. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryLuxation of the radial carpal bone is an uncommon injury in the dog and cat. Previous clinical cases have reported palmaro-medial luxation with injury to the short radial collateral ligament. In this study a case of dorsomedial luxation of the radial carpal bone in a 10-yearold female Gordon Setter is described. A closed reduction of the luxation was performed and a conservative treatment was carried out. Thirteen months after the reduction, the dog had a satisfactory limb function, despite the presence of degenerative joint disease of the carpus. A pathogenic hypothesis for this dorso-medial luxation of the radial carpal bone is proposed reproducing the luxation on canine cadavers.
Recovery of transition metal complex by reverse flow adsorption
Authors: Dunnewijk Jeroen , Bosch Hans , de Haan André B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractReverse flow adsorption (RFA) is a technique with a definite potential to prevent the leaching of a homogenous catalyst. In this work, we model an RFA‐process for a continuous ideally stirred tank reactor with an adsorption bed upstream and another one downstream from the reactor. The model parameters concerning adsorption equilibrium and kinetics are taken from previous experimental studies on CoCl2 adsorption on polymer‐bound trifenylfosfine. We use this model to study the concentration profiles of CoCl2 in the adsorption beds during consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles. The model calculations show that the concentration profile eventually reaches a fixed position after a number of adsorption–desorption cycles, even though internal mass transfer was a limiting factor. Hence, the transition metal is kept within the system boundaries, which is an essential requirement for the application of RFA. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Stability analysis of core‐annular flow and neutral stability wave number
Authors: Rodriguez Oscar M. H. , Bannwart Antonio C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA general transition criterion is proposed in order to locate the core‐annular flow pattern in horizontal and vertical oil–water flows. It is based on a rigorous one‐dimensional two‐fluid model of liquid–liquid two‐phase flow and considers the existence of critical interfacial wave numbers related to a non‐negligible interfacial tension term to which the linear stability theory still applies. The viscous laminar–laminar flow problem is fully resolved and turbulence effects on the stability are analyzed through experimentally obtained shape factors. The proposed general transition criterion includes in its formulation the inviscid Kelvin‐Helmholtz's discriminator. If a theoretical maximum wavelength is considered as a necessary condition for stability, a stability criterion in terms of the Eötvös number is achieved. Effects of interfacial tension, viscosity ratio, density difference, and shape factors on the stability of core‐annular flow are analyzed in detail. The more complete modeling allowed for the analysis of the neutral‐stability wave number and the results strongly suggest that the interfacial tension term plays an indispensable role in the correct prediction of the stable region of core‐annular flow pattern. The incorporation of a theoretical minimum wavelength into the transition model produced significantly better results. The criterion predictions were compared with recent data from the literature and the agreement is encouraging. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Preparation and mechanical properties of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Kim Hun‐Sik , Park Byung Hyun , Choi Jae Hoon , Yoon Jin‐San 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfane (TSS) was reacted with the silanol groups of the commercially available clay, Closite®25A (C25A) to prepare TSS‐C25A, which was melt‐compounded with acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer (ABS). The tetra sulfide groups of TSS‐C25A may chemically react with the vinyl groups of ABS to enhance the interaction between the clay and ABS. The ABS/clay composites exhibited much higher tensile strength and elongation at break than the neat ABS. Especially the elongation at break of ABS/TSS‐C25A composite was 5 times higher than that of neat ABS. The X‐ray diffraction patterns of the clay showed that the d001 basal spacing was enlarged from 1.89 nm to 2.71–2.86 nm as a result of the compounding with ABS. According to the thermogravimetric analysis, the thermal decomposition of the composite took place at a slightly higher temperature than that of neat ABS. Intercalated/exfoliated coexisting structures were observed by transmission electron microscopy for the ABS/clay composites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
A positive‐working photosensitive polyimide based on thermal cross‐linking and acidolytic cleavage
Authors: Jung Myung‐Sup , Hyeon‐Lee Jingyu , Choi Tae‐Lim 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA novel positive‐working photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) based on a poly(hydroxyimide) (PHI), a crosslinking agent having vinyl ether groups, and a photoacid generator (PAG) was prepared. The PHI as a base resin of the three‐component PSPI was synthesized from 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride and 2,2′‐bis(3‐amino‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane through ring‐opening polymerization and subsequent thermal cyclization. 2,2′‐bis(4‐(2‐(vinyloxy)ethoxy)phenyl)propane (BPA‐DEVE) was used as a vinylether compound and diphenyliodonium 5‐hydroxynaphthalene‐1‐sulfonate was used as a PAG. The phenolic hydroxyl groups of the PHI and the vinyl ether groups of BPA‐DEVE are thermally crosslinked with acetal structures during prebake step, and the crosslinked PHI becomes completely insoluble in an aqueous basic solution. Upon exposure to UV light (365 nm) and subsequent postexposure bake (PEB), a strong acid generated from the PAG cleaves the crosslinked structures, and the exposed area is effectively solubilized in the alkaline developer. The dissolution behavior of the PSPI containing each 11.5 wt % of BPA‐DEVE and of the PAG was studied after UV exposure (365 nm) and PEB. It was found that the difference in dissolution rates between exposed and unexposed areas was enough to get high resolution. A fine positive pattern with a resolution of 5 μm in a 3.7‐μm‐thick film was obtained from the three‐component PSPI. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Bridging the educational research‐teaching practice gap
Authors: Anderson Trevor R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThere is a large body of educational research results available in the science education literature that could be usefully applied for the improvement of teaching practice in biochemistry and molecular biology. Unfortunately, for a great variety of reasons, such applications are relatively limited in our discipline. In this first paper in the series, “Bridging the Gap”, I describe some of the barriers that are hampering the bridging of this gap and suggest some possible strategies that colleagues might wish to try in order to promote the wider use of this excellent educational resource.
Effectiveness of problem‐based learning on academic performance in genetics
Authors: Araz Gülsüm , Sungur Semra 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of problem‐based learning (PBL)1 and traditional lecture‐based instruction on elementary school students' academic achievement and performance skills in a science unit on genetics while controlling for their reasoning ability. For the specified purpose, twoinstructional methods were randomly assigned to intact classes of two different teachers. Each teacher had both PBL classes and traditional classes. Although students in PBL classes (n = 126) worked on ill‐structured problems cooperatively with the guidance of the teacher, students in traditional classes (n = 91) received instruction based on teacher's explanations, discussions, and textbooks. Genetics Achievement Test was developed by researchers to measure the academic achievement and performance skills. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance results showed that the PBL students had higher academic achievement and performance skills scores (M = 11.44 and M = 2.67, respectively) when compared with those in traditional classes (M = 10.91 and M = 2.20, respectively). This indicated that the PBL students tend to better acquire scientific conceptions related to genetics and integrate and organize the knowledge. Moreover, it was found that the reasoning ability explained a significant portion of variance in the scores of academic achievement and performance skills.
Chiral HPLC analysis of milnacipran and its FMOC‐derivative on cellulose‐based stationary phases
Authors: Patti Angela , Pedotti Sonia , Sanfilippo Claudia 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe HPLC enantioseparation of the last generation antidepressive drug milnacipran (±)‐1 was investigated on different cellulose‐based chiral stationary phases (CSPs). On carbamate‐type columns, Chiralcel OD and OD‐H (±)‐1 could be separated with α value about 1.20 but the resolution was quite low because of the tailing of the peaks. Direct determination of (±)‐1 with high selectivity and resolution was obtained on Chiralcel OJ in normal phase mode elution. Precolumn derivatization of milnacipran with Fmoc‐Cl gave compound (±)‐2 which was enantioseparated on all the investigated CSPs and allowed enhanced UV or fluorimetric detection. The Chiralpak IB, that could be considered the immobilized version of Chiralcel OD‐H, was found completely ineffective in the chiral recognition of (±)‐1 and moderately efficient in the separation of (±)‐2. Chirality, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Type High Efficient Quasi‐Solid‐State Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: PAN Xu , DAI Song‐Yuan , WANG Kong‐Jia 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFor the fist time the preparation of a mostly solid‐state high efficient electro‐conductive material comprising 1‐methyl‐3‐propylimidazolium iodide (MPII), benzimidazole (BI), iodine and lithium iodide was reported. In this electrolyte, BI acts as not only additives but also gelators. With its significant electrochemical properties, an overall efficiency of 3.07% was achieved under AM 1.5 (100 mW/cm2).
Electrooxidation Mechanism of Methanol at Pt‐Ru Catalyst Modified GC Electrode in Electrolytes with Different pH Using Electrochemical and SERS Techniques
Authors: DING Yue‐Min , LIU Yao‐Long , RAO Gui‐Shi , WANG Guo‐Fu , ZHONG Qi‐Ling , REN Bin , TIAN Zhong‐Qun 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe electrochemical and in‐situ surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) techniques were used to investigate the electrooxidation behavior of methanol in acidic, neutral and alkaline media at a Pt‐Ru nanoparticle modified glassy carbon (Pt‐Ru/GC) electrode. The results showed that methanol could be dissociated spontaneously at the Pt‐Ru/GC electrode to produce a strongly adsorbed intermediate, CO. It was found that CO could be oxidized more easily in the alkaline medium than in the acidic and neutral media. The peak potential of methanol oxidation was shifted from 0.663 and 0.708 V in the acidic and neutral media to −0.030 V in the alkaline medium, which is due to that the adsorption strength of CO on the Pt surface in the alkaline medium is weaker than that in the acidic and neutral media. The final product of the methanol oxidation is CO2. However, in the alkaline medium, CO2 produced would form CO32− and HCO3− resulting in the decrease in the alkaline concentration and then in the decrease in the performance of DMFC. Therefore, the performance of the alkaline DMFC is not stable.
Tau inhibits anterograde axonal transport and perturbs stability in growing axonal neurites in part by displacing kinesin cargo: Neurofilaments attenuate tau‐mediated neurite instability
Authors: Dubey Maya , Chaudhury Pulkit , Kabiru Hilda , Shea Thomas B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOverexpression of tau compromises axonal transport and induces retraction of growing neurites. We tested the hypothesis that increased stability provided by neurofilaments (NFs) may prevent axonal retraction. NB2a/d1 cells were differentiated for 3 days, at which time phosphorylated NFs appear and for 14 days, which induces continued neurite elongation and further phospho‐NF accumulation. Cultures were transfected with a construct that expresses full‐length, 4‐repeat tau. Consistent with prior studies, overexpression of tau induced retraction of day three axonal neurites even following treatment with the microtubule‐stabilizing drug taxol. Axonal neurites of day 14 cells were more resistant to tau‐mediated retraction. To test whether or not this resistance was derived from their additional NF content, day 3 cultures were co‐transfected with constructs expressing tau and NF‐M (which increases overall axonal NFs). Overexpression of NF‐M attenuated tau‐mediated retraction of day 3 axonal neurites. By contrast, co‐transfection with constructs expressing tau and vimentin (which increases axonal neurites length) did not attenuate tau‐mediated neurite retraction. Co‐precipitation experiments indicate that tau is a cargo of kinesin, and that tau overexpression may displace other kinesin‐based cargo, including both critical cytoskeletal proteins and organelles. However, cultures simultaneously transfected with constructs expressing NF‐M and tau, the level of examined vesicles was maintained. These collectively indicate that NFs stabilize developing axonal neurites and can counteract the destabilizing force resulting from overexpression of tau, and underscore that the development and stabilization of axonal neurites is dependent upon a balance of cytoskeletal elements. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.