bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade Ceramics from the Gotō Islands (Japan), Circa Sixteenth to Early Seventeenth Century: The Yamami Underwater Site (Ojika) and Related Issues
Authors: Seyock Barbara 
Published: September 2007

Underwater archaeology is still a new development in Japan, and to date only a few sites have experienced significant investigation. One of them is the recently surveyed Yamami underwater site on the Gotō Islands, which yielded sixteenth-to seventeenth-century trade ceramics from Thailand and Vietnam, as well as from the Jingdezhen kilns in China. After an introduction to the subject of ceramic trade and underwater archaeology in East Asia, the article reviews the ceramic pieces of the Yamami site in detail and links them to comparable finds from various sites in western Japan, such as from the main ports of Hakata and Nagasaki, along with examples from different international museum collections and wreck finds from the South China Sea. After also consulting historical sources, such as the Kai-hentai, the study	develops a fresh interpretative approach toward the Yamami find, and—in a broader perspective—suggests strong bonds between the late medieval and early modern Japanese markets and the lively networks of the South China Sea.
A synoptic review of the classification of red algal genera a half century after Kylin's “Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen”
Authors: Schneider Craig W. , Wynne Michael J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractClassification of the red algae (Rhodoplantae) has undergone significant change since the seminal work of Harald Kylin, “Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen,” a half century ago. The number of genera has nearly doubled over this time period, at least in part due to recent molecular comparative work. Information gleaned from gene-sequencing analyses has resulted in a red algal classification that reflects a more accurate phylogenetic framework than that based solely on morphological data. This paper tabulates the known 834 genera of red algae today with taxonomic synonyms and literature references reflecting the great change over fifty years.
Biotechnology Regulations in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Tayyar Negar 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe increasing development in biomedical advances and medical technologies makes awarefor the importance of bioethics. Progresses in the fields of stem cell research, genetic technologies, organ transplantation and cloning aroused the bioethical debate. On one hand, the focus of bioethical issues mostly neglects the Muslim view, on the other hand there is a lack of differentiation within the Islamic positions.
Oedometer Consolidation Test Analysis by Nonlinear Regression
Authors: Barros Pérsio L. A. , Pinto Paulo R. O. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA numerical method based on least squares nonlinear regression for the evaluation of the consolidation parameters of soils from consolidation tests is presented. A model which includes the initial compression, the primary consolidation, and the secondary compression is used in the regression. This approach allows the resulting regression curve to better fit the experimental data. The method takes the settlement-time readings from the oedometer step-loading consolidation test and calculates automatically the magnitudes of the coefficients of consolidation and of secondary compression. The performance of the proposed method is accessed through consolidation tests executed on four different clay soils, which are analyzed by nonlinear regression and by the usual graphical methods. It is concluded that the proposed method gives results that are close to those obtained by the standard methods of analysis.
Investigation of the Effect of Heat on Specially Formulated Thermoplastic Polyolefin (TPO) Films by Thermogravimetry, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Delgado Ana H. , Howell George , Ober Randy , Oliveira Paul E. , Peterson Arnold , Boon Richard , Paroli Ralph M. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
To explore the use of chemical methods of analysis in investigating the performance of thermoplastic polyolefins (TPO), the ASTM D08.18 Subcommittee undertook a study to evaluate TPO films of known composition. These specially formulated films with varying amounts of stabilizers were heat-aged for up to 56 days according to ASTM D 6878-03 and then analyzed using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetry (TG), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. These techniques were found to be useful in characterizing the effect of heat on the TPO films under study and it is believed that they could be used to evaluate actual TPO membranes. Please note that these are films and not roof membranes. The formulations used for the films could be modified for use in actual membranes.
Measurement of the Resistance of Treated Metal Foils to Scrubbing Abrasion Using a Modified Reciprocating Wear Test
Authors: Qu Jun , Blau Peter J. , Sikka Vinod K. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
A reciprocating wear test method has been developed to evaluate the resistance of metal foils to scrubbing abrasion. Development included the definition of a quantitative measure of the scrubbing resistance. In order to test the ability of the new method to differentiate between surface treatments, four versions of Type 316 stainless steel foils were tested: annealed (A-NT), cold-worked (C-NT), annealed plus case-hardened (A-T), and cold-worked plus case-hardened (C-T). Measurements were made of their scrubbing resistance using commercial scrub cleaning pads as the counterface material. Results showed that the case-hardening process significantly increased the scrubbing resistance both under dry conditions and with cleaning solutions to lubricate the contact. While this linearly-reciprocating method does not simulate the circular, overlapping motion commonly occurring in service, results indicated that the new test method could sufficiently discriminate levels of two-body abrasion behavior, and therefore can be useful for studying the effects of surface treatments on abrasion resistance.
Polplatzierung bei der Modellreduktion (On Pole Placement in Model Reduction)
Authors: Antoulas Athanasios C. 
Published: September 2007

Im Folgenden wird gezeigt, dass in der Modellreduktion, Krylov-artige Projektionen konstruiert werden können, die gleichzeitig Momente des Systems angleichen und Polplatzierung erlauben. Das heißt, dass gewisse Momente des reduzierten Systems gleich mit Momenten des ursprünglichen Systems sind, und die Pole des reduzierten Systems an vorbestimmten Stellen der komplexen Ebene liegen.
In this note we establish the fact that in model reduction there exist Krylov-type projections which achieve moment matching and pole placement, simultaneously. In other words, the reduced system matches a certain number of moments of the original system and its poles are at pre-assigned locations of the complex plane.
Ein algebraischer Zugang zur Parameteridentifikation in linearen unendlichdimensionalen Systemen (An Algebraic Approach to Parameter Identification in Linear Infinite Dimensional Systems)
Authors: Rudolph Joachim , Woittennek Frank 
Published: September 2007

Es wird ein algebraischer Zugang zur Parameteridentifikation in linearen verteiltparametrischen Systemen vorgestellt. Dabei werden zunächst Systeme mit verzögertem Eingang und homogenen Anfangsbedingungen untersucht. Eine mögliche Verallgemeinerung auf Systeme mit inhomogenen Anfangsbedingungen wird am Beispiel einer autonomen Differenzen-Differenzialgleichung diskutiert. Ein analoger Zugang erlaubt die Identifikation von Parametern auch in Systemen, die durch (örtlich eindimensionale) lineare partielle Differenzialgleichungen beschrieben werden. Dabei werden lediglich die Trajektorien von Randgrößen als bekannt vorausgesetzt. Der Zugang wird am Beispiel von partiellen Differenzialgleichungen zweiter Ordnung bezüglich des Orts, insbesondere der eindimensionalen Wärmeleitungsgleichung, diskutiert.
An algebraic approach for identification of parameters in linear infinite dimensional systems based on operational calculus is proposed. First, the method is derived for a system with delayed input and homogeneous initial conditions. A possible generalization to delay systems without input and non-homogeneous initial conditions is sketched. A similar approach is applicable to systems described by linear partial differential equations which, in particular, is discussed for second order p. d. e., as for instance the one dimensional heat equation.
Entwurf nichtlinearer Beobachter für autonome Systeme basierend auf dem Hilfssatz von Lyapunov (Design of Nonlinear Observers for Autonomous Systems using Lyapunov’s Auxiliary Theorem)
Authors: Deutscher Joachim 
Published: September 2007

Dieser Beitrag behandelt den Entwurf nichtlinearer Beoachter unter Verwendung des Hilfssatzes von Lyapunov. Zur Berechnung von Beobachtern mit näherungsweise linearer Fehlerdynamik mit dieser Methode werden zwei numerische Verfahren vorgeschlagen. Der erste Ansatz basiert auf einer Potenzreihenentwicklung der Lösung des beim Beobachterentwurf anfallenden Anfangswertproblems und liefert für hinreichend kleine Anfangsfehler eine näherungsweise lineare Fehlerdynamik in den Originalkoordinaten. Beim zweiten Ansatz wird das Galerkin-Verfahren verwendet, um die Nichtlinearitäten der Fehlerdynamik in einem vorgebbaren Bereich im Zustandsraum im quadratischen Mittel klein zu machen und damit näherungsweise zu linearisieren. Für beide Verfahren werden lineare Matrixgleichungen in expliziter Form hergeleitet, was eine Implementierung der vorgeschlagenen Beobachterentwurfsverfahren in numerischen Software-Pakten ermöglicht. Anhand eines einfachen Beispiels werden die beiden Ansätze zum Beobachterentwurf miteinander verglichen.
This paper presents the design of nonlinear observers by using Lyapunov’s Auxiliary Theorem. On the basis of this result two approaches are proposed for the design of nonlinear observers with approximately linear error dynamics. The first approach uses a Taylor expansion of the solution of the initial value problem to be solved for the observer design. The resulting observer has an approximately linear error dynamics in the original coordinates provided that the initial error is sufficiently small. By using the Galerkin approach the second method results in an error dynamics with nonlinearities which are small in the least square sense on a prespecified interval in the state space. Linear matrix equations are derived for both methods enabling the implementation in numerical software packages. A simple example compares the properties of the proposed numerical observer design techniques.
Steuerung eines parallelen Positioniersystems mit Piezoaktoren (Feedforward Control of a Parallel Positioning System with Piezoelectric Actuators)
Authors: Kuhnen Klaus 
Published: September 2007

Aufgrund der hohen Stelldynamik und des nahezu unbegrenzten Auflösungsvermögens eignen sich aktive Materialien in Verbindung mit hochpräzisen Wegsensoren und einer rauscharmen Steuerelektronik ganz besonders zur Realisierung hochdynamischer paralleler Feinstpositioniersysteme, sofern die benötigten Stellwege hinreichend klein bleiben. Die Führungselemente solcher Systeme werden fast ausschließlich mit Hilfe von elastischen Festkörpergelenken realisiert, sodass im mechanischen System harte Nichtlinearitäten wie Haft- und Gleitreibung nicht auftreten. In solchen Fällen stellt die Mechanik im Wesentlichen ein lineares strukturdynamisches System dar. Nichtlinearitäten werden in solchen Systemen hauptsächlich durch die aktorischen und sensorischen Übertragungscharakteristiken der aktiven Materialien bei Ansteuerung mit großen Signalen erzeugt. Gegenstand des vorliegenden Beitrages ist es nun, am Beispiel eines zweiachsigen parallelen piezoelektrischen Positioniersystems ein neuartiges Vorsteuerungskonzept abzuleiten, das mit Hilfe von operatorbasierten Methoden simultan die hysterese- und kriechbehafteten Materialnichtlinearitäten in den Aktoren, die ausgeprägte Strukturdynamik sowie die Verkopplung der Ein- und Ausgänge des Systems kompensiert.
Due to the high dynamic positioning capability and the nearly unlimited resolution especially active materials in connection with high precision positioning sensors and a low noise control electronic are well suited for the realisation of ultra high precision parallel positioning systems if the necessary displacements are sufficiently small. The guiding elements of such systems are normally realised with elastic solid-state joints such that hard nonlinearities like static and sliding friction do not occur. In these cases the mechanical part of the system can be mainly regarded as a linear structural dynamical system. Nonlinearites in the overall system are mainly generated by the actuator and sensor characteristics of the active materials if they are driven with high amplitudes. The aim of this article is the development of an innovative feedforward control concept for a 2-dof parallel piezoelectric positioning system which is able to compensate simultaneously the complex hysteretic and creep material nonlinearities in the actuators as well as the pronounced structural dynamic and the coupling between the inputs and outputs of the system.
Ein neuartiger Ansatz zur Querdynamikregelung von Personenkraftwagen (A New Approach to Lateral Dynamics Control of Passenger Vehicles)
Authors: Antonov Sergiy , Fehn Achim , Kugi Andreas 
Published: September 2007

Dieser Beitrag beschreibt einen neuen Zugang zur Querdynamikregelung von Personenkraftwagen. Um eine physikalisch interpretierbare Schnittstelle zu der untergeordneten Radregelung zu schaffen, wird das Giermoment um die Hochachse des Fahrzeuges als fiktive Stellgröße eingeführt. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass die Fahrzeugquergeschwindigkeit des nichtlinearen Einspurmodells einen flachen Ausgang des Systems repräsentiert. Das vorgeschlagene Konzept zur Querdynamikregelung basiert auf einer Zwei-Freiheitsgrad-Regelkreisstruktur mit einer flachheitsbasierten Steuerung der Fahrzeugquergeschwindigkeit und einer Stabilisierung des Trajektorienfehlersystems. Da mit diesem Regelungskonzept auch eine indirekte Regelung des Schwimmwinkels erreicht wird, bringt dieser Ansatz diverse Vorteile gegenüber der klassischen Gierratenregelung mit sich. Darüber hinaus wird die Parametrierung des Regelkreises durch den modellbasierten Entwurf deutlich erleichtert. Für die praktische Realisierung werden nur herkömmliche Mess- und Stellgrößen eines ESP®-Systems benötigt. Das Regelungskonzept wurde anhand von zahlreichen Simulationen mit einem detaillierten Fahrzeugmodell getestet.
This paper presents a new approach to the lateral dynamics control of passenger vehicles. In order to establish a physically meaningful interface to the subordinate wheel control system the yawing torque of the vehicle is introduced as a fictitious control input. It is shown that the lateral vehicle velocity of the nonlinear single track model serves as a flat output of the system. The proposed concept for the lateral dynamics control relies on a two degrees-of-freedom control structure with a flatness-based feedforward control of the lateral vehicle velocity and a stabilizing feedback control of the corresponding trajectory error system. Since the control concept indirectly corresponds to the control of the vehicle´s body side-slip angle, it brings along some advantages compared to the classical yaw rate control. Moreover, the model-based approach extremely simplifies the controller parametrization. For the practical implementation of this control scheme only the standard equipment of an ESP®-system is required. The proposed control concept has been tested by means of numerous simulation studies with a detailed vehicle model.
School-Based Health Centers: Improving Access and Quality of Care for Low-Income Adolescents
Authors: Allison Mandy A. , Crane Lori A. , Beaty Brenda L. , Davidson Arthur J. , Melinkovich Paul , Kempe Allison 
Published: September 2007

OBJECTIVES. We sought to compare visit rates, emergency care use, and markers of quality of care between adolescents who use school-based health centers and those who use other community centers within a safety-net health care system for low-income and uninsured patients.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. In this retrospective cohort study we used Denver Health electronic medical chart data, the Denver Health immunization registry, and Denver Public Schools enrollment data for the period from August 1, 2002, to July 31, 2003. The cohort included all 14- to 17-year-old Denver Public Schools high school enrollees who were active Denver Health patients and were either uninsured or insured by Medicaid or the State Children's Health Insurance Program. “School-based health center users” were those who had used a Denver Health school-based health center; “other users” were those who had used a Denver Health community clinic but not a school-based health center. Markers of quality included having a health maintenance visit and receipt of an influenza vaccine, tetanus booster, and hepatitis B vaccine if indicated. Multiple logistic regression analysis that controlled for gender, race/ethnicity, insurance status, chronic illness, and visit rate was used to compare school-based health center users to other users.
RESULTS. Although school-based health center users (n = 790) were less likely than other users (n = 925) to be insured (37% vs 73%), they were more likely to have made ≥3 primary care visits (52% vs 34%), less likely to have used emergency care (17% vs 34%), and more likely to have received a health maintenance visit (47% vs 33%), an influenza vaccine (45% vs 18%), a tetanus booster (33% vs 21%), and a hepatitis B vaccine (46% vs 20%).
CONCLUSIONS. These findings suggest that, within a safety-net system, school-based health centers augment access to care and quality of care for underserved adolescents compared with traditional outpatient care sites.
A 100K Genome-Wide Association Scan for Diabetes and Related Traits in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Florez Jose C. , Manning Alisa K. , Dupuis Josée , McAteer Jarred , Irenze Kathryn , Gianniny Lauren , Mirel Daniel B. , Fox Caroline S. , Cupples L. Adrienne , Meigs James B. 
Published: September 2007

OBJECTIVE— To use genome-wide fixed marker arrays and improved analytical tools to detect genetic associations with type 2 diabetes in a carefully phenotyped human sample.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— A total of 1,087 Framingham Heart Study (FHS) family members were genotyped on the Affymetrix 100K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and examined for association with incident diabetes and six diabetes-related quantitative traits. Quality control filters yielded 66,543 SNPs for association testing. We used two complementary SNP selection strategies (a “lowest P value” strategy and a “multiple related trait” strategy) to prioritize 763 SNPs for replication. We genotyped a subset of 150 SNPs in a nonoverlapping sample of 1,465 FHS unrelated subjects and examined all 763 SNPs for in silico replication in three other 100K and one 500K genome-wide association (GWA) datasets.
RESULTS— We replicated associations of 13 SNPs with one or more traits in the FHS unrelated sample (16 expected under the null); none of them showed convincing in silico replication in 100K scans. Seventy-eight SNPs were nominally associated with diabetes in one other 100K GWA scan, and two (rs2863389 and rs7935082) in more than one. Twenty-five SNPs showed promising associations with diabetes-related traits in 500K GWA data; one of them (rs952635) replicated in FHS. Five previously reported associations were confirmed in our initial dataset.
CONCLUSIONS— The FHS 100K GWA resource is useful for follow-up of genetic associations with diabetes-related quantitative traits. Discovery of new diabetes genes will require larger samples and a denser array combined with well-powered replication strategies.
Identification of Novel Candidate Genes for Type 2 Diabetes From a Genome-Wide Association Scan in the Old Order Amish
Authors: Rampersaud Evadnie , Damcott Coleen M. , Fu Mao , Shen Haiqing , McArdle Patrick , Shi Xiaolian , Shelton John , Yin Jing , Chang Yen-Pei C. , Ott Sandra H. , Zhang Li , Zhao Yiju , Mitchell Braxton D. , O'Connell Jeffery , Shuldiner Alan R. 
Published: September 2007

OBJECTIVE— We sought to identify type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes through a genome-wide association scan (GWAS) in the Amish.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— DNA from 124 type 2 diabetic case subjects and 295 control subjects with normal glucose tolerance were genotyped on the Affymetrix 100K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. A total of 82,485 SNPs were tested for association with type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes–associated SNPs were further prioritized by the following: 1) associations with 5 oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) traits in 427 nondiabetic Amish subjects, and 2) in silico replication from three independent 100L SNP GWASs (Framingham Heart Study Caucasians, Pima Indians, and Mexican Americans) and a 500K GWAS in Scandinavians.
RESULTS— The strongest association (P = 1.07 × 10−5) was for rs2237457, which is located in growth factor receptor–bound protein 10 (Grb10), an adaptor protein that regulate insulin receptor signaling. rs2237457 was also strongly associated with OGTT glucose area under the curve in nondiabetic subjects (P = 0.001). Of the 1,093 SNPs associated with type 2 diabetes at P &lt; 0.01, 67 SNPs demonstrated associations with at least one OGTT trait in nondiabetic individuals; 80 SNPs were nominally associated with type 2 diabetes in one of the three independent 100K GWASs, 3 SNPs (rs2540317 in MFSD9, rs10515353 on chromosome 5, and rs2242400 in BCAT1 were associated with type 2 diabetes in more than one population), and 11 SNPs were nominally associated with type 2 diabetes in Scandinavians. One type 2 diabetes–associated SNP (rs3845971, located in FHIT) showed replication with OGTT traits and also in another population.
CONCLUSIONS— Our GWAS of type 2 diabetes identified several gene variants associated with type 2 diabetes, some of which are worthy of further study.
A Search for Variants Associated With Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes in American Indians in a 100K Genotyping Array
Authors: Hanson Robert L. , Bogardus Clifton , Duggan David , Kobes Sayuko , Knowlton Michele , Infante Aniello M. , Marovich Leslie , Benitez Deb , Baier Leslie J. , Knowler William C. 
Published: September 2007

OBJECTIVE— To identify genetic variants in linkage disequilibrium with those conferring diabetes susceptibility, a genome-wide association study for young-onset diabetes was conducted in an American-Indian population.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Data come from 300 case subjects with type 2 diabetes with age of onset &lt;25 years and 334 nondiabetic control subjects aged ≥45 years. To provide for tests of within-family association, 121 nondiabetic siblings of case subjects were included along with 140 diabetic siblings of control subjects (172 sibships). Individuals were genotyped on the Affymetrix 100K array, resulting in 80,044 usable single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs were analyzed for within-family association and for general association in case and control subjects, and these tests were combined by Fisher's method, with priority given to the within-family test.RESULTS— There were more SNPs with low P values than expected theoretically under the global null hypothesis of no association, and 128 SNPs had evidence for association at P &lt; 0.001. The association of these SNPs with diabetes was further investigated in 1,207 diabetic and 1,627 nondiabetic individuals from the population study who were not included in the genome-wide study. SNPs from 10 genomic regions showed evidence for replication at P &lt; 0.05. These included SNPs on chromosome 3 near ZNF659, chromosome 11 near FANCF, chromosome 11 near ZBTB15, and chromosome 12 near SENP1.CONCLUSIONS— These studies suggest several regions where marker alleles are potentially in linkage disequilibrium with variants that confer susceptibility to young-onset type 2 diabetes in American Indians.