bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Remote Response in the Northern Pacific Climate During Winter to Deforestation in the Maritime Continent
Authors: Xiao He‐Ming , Hsu Huang‐Hsiung , Lee Ting‐Hui , Jong Bor‐Ting , Yu Jin‐Yi , Liang Yu‐Chiao , Lo Min‐Hui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Maritime Continent (MC) has experienced significant anthropogenic land use changes, mainly deforestation, which has led to local surface warming and marked convergence in the lower troposphere and divergence in the upper. The remote consequences of this deforestation remain unclear and present considerable uncertainties. In this study, we employ a fully coupled climate model and a linear baroclinic model to explore the effects of altered land‐atmosphere interactions due to MC deforestation on high‐latitude climates. Our series of idealized experiments demonstrates that MC deforestation can induce upper‐level diabatic heating. This generates a barotropic Rossby wave that moves poleward, drawing energy from the subtropical jet across the Central to Eastern Pacific regions via eddy‐mean flow interactions. Such interactions amplify the Aleutian Low, promoting the northward transport of warm air, leading to notable warming anomalies. This influx of warmth contributes to sea ice melt, initiating a positive ice‐albedo feedback. A lapse‐rate feedback is also observed in adjacent high‐latitude land areas, amplifying terrestrial warming. These reinforcing feedbacks, combined with the direct temperature transport enabled by the strengthened Aleutian Low, cumulatively result in pronounced high‐latitude warming originally due to the tropical land use changes.
Physical and Biogeochemical Phenology of Coastal Upwelling in the California Current System
Authors: Jorgensen Ellen M. , Hazen Elliott L. , Jacox Michael G. , Pozo Buil Mercedes , Schroeder Isaac , Bograd Steven J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the California Current System (CCS), changes in the phenology (i.e., seasonal timing) of coastal upwelling alter the functioning of this productive marine ecosystem. Recently developed coastal upwelling indices that account for upwelling strength and nutrient flux to the surface provide a more complete understanding of bottom‐up forcing in the region. Using these indices, we describe CCS upwelling phenological variability in vertical transport and nutrient flux. Physical and biogeochemical spring transitions generally co‐occur in winter or spring, followed by increased upwelling and nutrient flux. In the latter half of the year, upwelling continues but nutrient flux wanes as declining source nutrient concentrations limit the biological efficacy of coastal upwelling. Earlier spring transitions and higher season‐integrated upwelling intensity occur during strong La Niña events at all latitudes, driven largely by stronger alongshore wind stress. Understanding phenological changes in coastal upwelling is critical, as they could have significant ecosystem consequences.
Citrate anticoagulation and systemic heparin anticoagulation during continuous renal replacement therapy among critically-ill children
Authors: Atis Seyma Koksal , Duyu Muhterem , Karakaya Zeynep , Yilmaz Alev 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bakcground
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of citrate versus heparin anticoagulation for CRRT in critically-ill children.

Methods
This retrospective comparative cohort reviewed the clinical records of critically-ill children undergoing CRRT with either RCA or systemic heparin anticoagulation. The primary outcome measure was hemofilter survival time. Secondary outcomes included the comparison of complications and metabolic disorders.

Results
A total of 131 patients (55 RCA and 76 systemic heparin) were included, in which a cumulative number of 280 hemofilters were used (115 in RCA with 5762 h total CRRT time, and 165 in systemic heparin with 6230 h total CRRT time). Hemofilter survival was significantly longer for RCA (51.0 h; IQR: 24–67 h) compared to systemic heparin (29.5 h; IQR, 17–48 h) (p = 0.002). Clotting-related hemofilter failure occurred in 9.6% of the RCA group compared to 19.6% in the systemic heparin group (p = 0.038). Citrate accumulation occurred in 4 (3.5%) of 115 RCA sessions. Hypocalcemia and metabolic alkalosis episodes were significantly more frequent in RCA recipients (35.7% vs 15.2%, p < 0.0001; 33.0% vs 19.4%, p = 0.009).

Conclusion
RCA is a safe and effective anticoagulation method for CRRT in critically-ill children and it prolongs hemofilter survival.

Impact

RCA is superior to systemic heparin for the prolongation of circuit survival (overall and for clotting-related loss) during CRRT.

These data indicate that RCA can be used to maximize the effective delivery of CRRT in critically-ill patients admitted to the PICU.

There are potential cost-saving implications from our results owing to benefits such as less circuit downtime and fewer circuit changes.
Genetic and phenotypic similarity across major psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and quantitative assessment
Authors: Bourque Vincent-Raphael , Poulain Cécile , Proulx Catherine , Moreau Clara A. , Joober Ridha , Forgeot d’Arc Baudouin , Huguet Guillaume , Jacquemont Sébastien 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere is widespread overlap across major psychiatric disorders, and this is the case at different levels of observations, from genetic variants to brain structures and function and to symptoms. However, it remains unknown to what extent these commonalities at different levels of observation map onto each other. Here, we systematically review and compare the degree of similarity between psychiatric disorders at all available levels of observation. We searched PubMed and EMBASE between January 1, 2009 and September 8, 2022. We included original studies comparing at least four of the following five diagnostic groups: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, with measures of similarities between all disorder pairs. Data extraction and synthesis were performed by two independent researchers, following the PRISMA guidelines. As main outcome measure, we assessed the Pearson correlation measuring the degree of similarity across disorders pairs between studies and biological levels of observation. We identified 2975 studies, of which 28 were eligible for analysis, featuring similarity measures based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms, gene-based analyses, gene expression, structural and functional connectivity neuroimaging measures. The majority of correlations (88.6%) across disorders between studies, within and between levels of observation, were positive. To identify a consensus ranking of similarities between disorders, we performed a principal component analysis. Its first dimension explained 51.4% (95% CI: 43.2, 65.4) of the variance in disorder similarities across studies and levels of observation. Based on levels of genetic correlation, we estimated the probability of another psychiatric diagnosis in first-degree relatives and showed that they were systematically lower than those observed in population studies. Our findings highlight that genetic and brain factors may underlie a large proportion, but not all of the diagnostic overlaps observed in the clinic.
Cannabinoid type 2 receptor inhibition enhances the antidepressant and proneurogenic effects of physical exercise after chronic stress
Authors: Rodrigues R. S. , Moreira J. B. , Mateus J. M. , Barateiro A. , Paulo S. L. , Vaz S. H. , Lourenço D. M. , Ribeiro F. F. , Soares R. , Loureiro-Campos E. , Bielefeld P. , Sebastião A. M. , Fernandes A. , Pinto L. , Fitzsimons C. P. , Xapelli S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChronic stress is a major risk factor for neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) has emerged as a promising target to counteract stress-related disorders given the ability of newborn neurons to facilitate endogenous plasticity. Recent data sheds light on the interaction between cannabinoids and neurotrophic factors underlying the regulation of AHN, with important effects on cognitive plasticity and emotional flexibility. Since physical exercise (PE) is known to enhance neurotrophic factor levels, we hypothesised that PE could engage with cannabinoids to influence AHN and that this would result in beneficial effects under stressful conditions. We therefore investigated the actions of modulating cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2R), which are devoid of psychotropic effects, in combination with PE in chronically stressed animals. We found that CB2R inhibition, but not CB2R activation, in combination with PE significantly ameliorated stress-evoked emotional changes and cognitive deficits. Importantly, this combined strategy critically shaped stress-induced changes in AHN dynamics, leading to a significant increase in the rates of cell proliferation and differentiation of newborn neurons, overall reduction in neuroinflammation, and increased hippocampal levels of BDNF. Together, these results show that CB2Rs are crucial regulators of the beneficial effects of PE in countering the effects of chronic stress. Our work emphasises the importance of understanding the mechanisms behind the actions of cannabinoids and PE and provides a framework for future therapeutic strategies to treat stress-related disorders that capitalise on lifestyle interventions complemented with endocannabinoid pharmacomodulation.
Oesophageal cancer awareness and anticipated time to help-seeking: results from a population-based survey
Authors: Sijben Jasmijn , Huibertse Lotte J. , Rainey Linda , Broeders Mireille J. M. , Peters Yonne , Siersema Peter D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Modifying public awareness of oesophageal cancer symptoms might help to decrease late-stage diagnosis and, in turn, improve cancer outcomes. This study aimed to explore oesophageal cancer symptom awareness and determinants of lower awareness and anticipated time to help-seeking.

Methods
We invited 18,156 individuals aged 18 to 75 years using random sampling of the nationwide Dutch population registry. A cross-sectional web-based survey containing items adapted from the Awareness and Beliefs about Cancer measure (i.e., cancer symptom awareness, anticipated time to presentation with dysphagia, health beliefs, and sociodemographic variables) was filled out by 3106 participants (response rate: 17%). Descriptive statistics were calculated and logistic regression analyses were performed to explore determinants of awareness and anticipated presentation (dichotomised as <1 month or ≥1 month).

Results
The number of participants that recognised dysphagia as a potential symptom of cancer was low (47%) compared with symptoms of other cancer types (change in bowel habits: 77%; change of a mole: 93%; breast lump: 93%). In multivariable analyses, non-recognition of dysphagia was associated with male gender (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.43−0.58), lower education (OR 0.44, 0.35−0.54), and non-western migration background (OR 0.43, 0.28−0.67). Anticipated delayed help-seeking for dysphagia was associated with not recognising it as possible cancer symptom (OR 1.58, 1.27−1.97), perceived high risk of oesophageal cancer (OR 2.20, 1.39−3.47), and negative beliefs about oesophageal cancer (OR 1.86, 1.20−2.87).

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate a disconcertingly low public awareness of oesophageal cancer symptoms. Educational interventions targeting groups with decreased awareness and addressing negative cancer beliefs may lead to faster help-seeking behaviour, although additional studies are needed to determine the effect on clinical cancer outcomes.
PCSK9 stimulates Syk, PKCδ, and NF-κB, leading to atherosclerosis progression independently of LDL receptor
Authors: Shin Dasom , Kim Soungchan , Lee Hwan , Lee Hyun-Chae , Lee Jaewon , Park Hyun-woo , Fukai Mina , Choi EunByule , Choi Subin , Koo Bon-Jun , Yu Ji-Hoon , No Gyurae , Cho Sungyoon , Kim Chan Woo , Han Dohyun , Jang Hyun-Duk , Kim Hyo-Soo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9) binds to and degrades low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, leading to increase of LDL cholesterol in blood. Its blockers have emerged as promising therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases. Here we show that PCSK9 itself directly induces inflammation and aggravates atherosclerosis independently of the LDL receptor. PCSK9 exacerbates atherosclerosis in LDL receptor knockout mice. Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) is the main binding partner of PCSK9 and indispensable for the inflammatory action of PCSK9, including induction of cytokines, Toll like receptor 4, and scavenger receptors, enhancing the uptake of oxidized LDL. We find spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) to be the key mediators of inflammation after PCSK9-CAP1 binding. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, serum PCSK9 levels are positively correlated with Syk, PKCδ, and p65 phosphorylation. The CAP1-fragment crystallizable region (CAP1-Fc) mitigates PCSK9-mediated inflammatory signal transduction more than the PCSK9 blocking antibody evolocumab does.
PLMSearch: Protein language model powers accurate and fast sequence search for remote homology
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Ziye , You Ronghui , Xie Chenghan , Wei Hong , Xiong Yi , Yang Jianyi , Zhu Shanfeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHomologous protein search is one of the most commonly used methods for protein annotation and analysis. Compared to structure search, detecting distant evolutionary relationships from sequences alone remains challenging. Here we propose PLMSearch (Protein Language Model), a homologous protein search method with only sequences as input. PLMSearch uses deep representations from a pre-trained protein language model and trains the similarity prediction model with a large number of real structure similarity. This enables PLMSearch to capture the remote homology information concealed behind the sequences. Extensive experimental results show that PLMSearch can search millions of query-target protein pairs in seconds like MMseqs2 while increasing the sensitivity by more than threefold, and is comparable to state-of-the-art structure search methods. In particular, unlike traditional sequence search methods, PLMSearch can recall most remote homology pairs with dissimilar sequences but similar structures. PLMSearch is freely available at https://dmiip.sjtu.edu.cn/PLMSearch.
Optimal blade pitch control for enhanced vertical-axis wind turbine performance
Authors: Le Fouest Sébastien , Mulleners Karen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVertical-axis wind turbines are great candidates to enable wind power extraction in urban and off-shore applications. Currently, concerns around turbine efficiency and structural integrity limit their industrial deployment. Flow control can mitigate these concerns. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the potential of individual blade pitching as a control strategy and explain the flow physics that yields the performance enhancement. We perform automated experiments using a scaled-down turbine model coupled to a genetic algorithm optimiser to identify optimal pitching kinematics at on- and off-design operating conditions. We obtain two sets of optimal pitch profiles that achieve a three-fold increase in power coefficient at both operating conditions compared to the non-actuated turbine and a 77% reduction in structure-threatening load fluctuations at off-design conditions. Based on flow field measurements, we uncover how blade pitching manipulates the flow structures to enhance performance. Our results can aid vertical-axis wind turbines increase their much-needed contribution to our energy needs.
A lineage-resolved cartography of microRNA promoter activity in C. elegans empowers multidimensional developmental analysis
Authors: Xu Weina , Liu Jinyi , Qi Huan , Si Ruolin , Zhao Zhiguang , Tao Zhiju , Bai Yuchuan , Hu Shipeng , Sun Xiaohan , Cong Yulin , Zhang Haoye , Fan Duchangjiang , Xiao Long , Wang Yangyang , Li Yongbin , Du Zhuo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElucidating the expression of microRNAs in developing single cells is critical for functional discovery. Here, we construct scCAMERA (single-cell cartography of microRNA expression based on reporter assay), utilizing promoter-driven fluorescent reporters in conjunction with imaging and lineage tracing. The cartography delineates the transcriptional activity of 54 conserved microRNAs in lineage-resolved single cells throughout C. elegans embryogenesis. The combinatorial expression of microRNAs partitions cells into fine clusters reflecting their function and anatomy. Notably, the expression of individual microRNAs exhibits high cell specificity and divergence among family members. Guided by cellular expression patterns, we identify developmental functions of specific microRNAs, including miR-1 in pharynx development and physiology, miR-232 in excretory canal morphogenesis by repressing NHR-25/NR5A, and a functional synergy between miR-232 and miR-234 in canal development, demonstrating the broad utility of scCAMERA. Furthermore, integrative analysis reveals that tissue-specific fate determinants activate microRNAs to repress protein production from leaky transcripts associated with alternative, especially neuronal, fates, thereby enhancing the fidelity of developmental fate differentiation. Collectively, our study offers rich opportunities for multidimensional expression-informed analysis of microRNA biology in metazoans.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cell mitochondrial fitness governs chemotherapeutic efficacy in hematologic malignancies
Authors: Daneshmandi Saeed , Choi Jee Eun , Yan Qi , MacDonald Cameron R. , Pandey Manu , Goruganthu Mounika , Roberts Nathan , Singh Prashant K. , Higashi Richard M. , Lane Andrew N. , Fan Teresa W-M. , Wang Jianmin , McCarthy Philip L. , Repasky Elizabeth A. , Mohammadpour Hemn 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMyeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are key regulators of immune responses and correlate with poor outcomes in hematologic malignancies. Here, we identify that MDSC mitochondrial fitness controls the efficacy of doxorubicin chemotherapy in a preclinical lymphoma model. Mechanistically, we show that triggering STAT3 signaling via β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) activation leads to improved MDSC function through metabolic reprograming, marked by sustained mitochondrial respiration and higher ATP generation which reduces AMPK signaling, altering energy metabolism. Furthermore, induced STAT3 signaling in MDSCs enhances glutamine consumption via the TCA cycle. Metabolized glutamine generates itaconate which downregulates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species via regulation of Nrf2 and the oxidative stress response, enhancing MDSC survival. Using β2-AR blockade, we target the STAT3 pathway and ATP and itaconate metabolism, disrupting ATP generation by the electron transport chain and decreasing itaconate generation causing diminished MDSC mitochondrial fitness. This disruption increases the response to doxorubicin and could be tested clinically.
Ultrastable halide perovskite CsPbBr3 photoanodes achieved with electrocatalytic glassy-carbon and boron-doped diamond sheets
Authors: Zhu Zhonghui , Daboczi Matyas , Chen Minzhi , Xuan Yimin , Liu Xianglei , Eslava Salvador 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHalide perovskites exhibit exceptional optoelectronic properties for photoelectrochemical production of solar fuels and chemicals but their instability in aqueous electrolytes hampers their application. Here we present ultrastable perovskite CsPbBr3-based photoanodes achieved with both multifunctional glassy carbon and boron-doped diamond sheets coated with Ni nanopyramids and NiFeOOH. These perovskite photoanodes achieve record operational stability in aqueous electrolytes, preserving 95% of their initial photocurrent density for 168 h of continuous operation with the glassy carbon sheets and 97% for 210 h with the boron-doped diamond sheets, due to the excellent mechanical and chemical stability of glassy carbon, boron-doped diamond, and nickel metal. Moreover, these photoanodes reach a low water-oxidation onset potential close to +0.4 VRHE and photocurrent densities close to 8 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE, owing to the high conductivity of glassy carbon and boron-doped diamond and the catalytic activity of NiFeOOH. The applied catalytic, protective sheets employ only earth-abundant elements and straightforward fabrication methods, engineering a solution for the success of halide perovskites in stable photoelectrochemical cells.
Magnetic field filtering of the boundary supercurrent in unconventional metal NiTe2-based Josephson junctions
Authors: Le Tian , Zhang Ruihan , Li Changcun , Jiang Ruiyang , Sheng Haohao , Tu Linfeng , Cao Xuewei , Lyu Zhaozheng , Shen Jie , Liu Guangtong , Liu Fucai , Wang Zhijun , Lu Li , Qu Fanming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTopological materials with boundary (surface/edge/hinge) states have attracted tremendous research interest. Additionally, unconventional (obstructed atomic) materials have recently drawn lots of attention owing to their obstructed boundary states. Experimentally, Josephson junctions (JJs) constructed on materials with boundary states produce the peculiar boundary supercurrent, which was utilized as a powerful diagnostic approach. Here, we report the observations of boundary supercurrent in NiTe2-based JJs. Particularly, applying an in-plane magnetic field along the Josephson current can rapidly suppress the bulk supercurrent and retain the nearly pure boundary supercurrent, namely the magnetic field filtering of supercurrent. Further systematic comparative analysis and theoretical calculations demonstrate the existence of unconventional nature and obstructed hinge states in NiTe2, which could produce hinge supercurrent that accounts for the observation. Our results reveal the probable hinge states in unconventional metal NiTe2, and demonstrate in-plane magnetic field as an efficient method to filter out the bulk contributions and thereby to highlight the hinge states hidden in topological/unconventional materials.
Enzymatic conversion of human blood group A kidneys to universal blood group O
Authors: MacMillan Serena , Hosgood Sarah A. , Walker-Panse Léonie , Rahfeld Peter , Macdonald Spence S. , Kizhakkedathu Jayachandran N. , Withers Stephen G. , Nicholson Michael L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractABO blood group compatibility restrictions present the first barrier to donor-recipient matching in kidney transplantation. Here, we present the use of two enzymes, FpGalNAc deacetylase and FpGalactosaminidase, from the bacterium Flavonifractor plautii to enzymatically convert blood group A antigens from the renal vasculature of human kidneys to ‘universal’ O-type. Using normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) and hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) strategies, we demonstrate blood group A antigen loss of approximately 80% in as little as 2 h NMP and HMP. Furthermore, we show that treated kidneys do not bind circulating anti-A antibodies in an ex vivo model of ABO-incompatible transplantation and do not activate the classical complement pathway. This strategy presents a solution to the donor organ shortage crisis with the potential for direct clinical translation to reduce waiting times for patients with end stage renal disease.