bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comments on a Possible Transition to Solid‐Phase Homochirality
Authors: Crusats Joaquim , Veintemillas‐Verdaguer Sabino , Ribó Josep M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAs a response to a Concept article published by D. G. Blackmond in this journal, which intended to offer alternative explanations to interpretations in a previous Concept article written by us, we show that errors concerning the solubility behavior of some enantiomorphs and concerning the application of the number of components in the Gibbs phase rule led the author toward the misunderstanding of our previous arguments and to non‐valid conclusions.
A layer‐integrated approach for shallow water free‐surface flow computation
Authors: Hung Meng‐Chi , Hsieh Te‐Yung , Tsai Tung‐Lin , Yang Jinn‐Chuang 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA novel semi‐three‐dimensional (semi‐3D) layer‐integrated approach was proposed in this study for the shallow water free‐surface flow computation. A quadratic shape function proposed to approximate the velocity distribution in the layer ensures the continuity of velocities and shear stresses at interfaces. To discretize the governing equations, the finite volume formulation with staggered grid is used. As the two‐dimensional (2D) sub‐model for locating the free surface is not needed in this approach, the computational time consumption has been dramatically reduced. The model was verified through the wind‐induced circulation in a closed basin by comparing the velocity profiles to the analytical solution. The formation of the velocity profiles due to change of viscosity distribution and the evolution process of water surface slope were also investigated. Further, the eddy viscosity is estimated by a function related to discharge, water depth, and Manning's n under the assumption of parabolic distribution of longitudinal velocity along the vertical direction for open channel flows. Two designed hypothetical cases were conducted to examine the proposed eddy viscosity relation and to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X‐ray diffraction analysis of powder and thin film of (Gd1‐xYx)2O3 prepared by sol‐gel process
Authors: Heiba Z. K. , Arda L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe mixed oxide (Gd1‐xYx)2O3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) were synthesized, as powder and thin film, by a sol‐gel process. X‐ray diffraction data were collected and crystal structure and microstructure analysis were performed using Rietveld refinement method. All samples were found to have the same crystal system and formed solid solutions over the whole range of x. The cationic distribution, Gd3+ and Y3+, over the two non‐equivalent sites 8b and 24d of the space group Ia3 is found to be random for all values of (x). The lattice parameter is found to vary linearly with the composition (x). Replacing Gd3+ and Y3+ by each other introduces a systemic decrease in the x‐coordinate of cation position (24d) and slight changes in the oxygen coordinates. Crystallite size and microstrain analysis is performed along different crystallographic directions and anisotropic changes are found with the composition parameter (x). The average crystallite size ranges from 75 to 149 nm and the r.m.s strain from 0.027 to 0.068 x10‐2. Textured Gd1.841Y0.159O3 (400) buffer layers, with a high degree of alignment in both out‐plane and in‐plan, are successfully grown on cube textured Ni (001) tape substrates by sol–gel dip coating process. The resulting buffer layers are crack‐free, pinhole‐free, dense and smooth. YbBa2Cu3O7‐x (YbBCO) thin film could be (00l) epitaxially grown on the obtained buffer layer using sol–gel dipping technique. (© 2007 WILEY ‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Uncertainties in crystallization of hen‐egg white lysozyme: reproducibility issue
Authors: Yin Da‐Chuan , Wakayama Nobuko I. , Lu Hui‐Meng , Ye Ya‐Jing , Li Hai‐Sheng , Luo Hui‐Min , Inatomi Yuko 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe reproducibility of biomacromolecular crystallization (tetragonal and orthorhombic lysozyme crystals) was studied by monitoring the evolution of protein concentration during the crystallization process using Mach‐Zehnder interferometer. It was found that formation of both tetragonal and orthorhombic crystals exhibited poor reproducibility. When the crystallization occurred under isothermal conditions, the protein concentration in the solution varied differently in different experiments under identical conditions (for both types of crystals). Moreover, in the case of orthorhombic lysozyme crystallization (under either isothermal or thermal gradient conditions), it is clear that the crystals could not be always readily formed. When formation of tetragonal lysozyme crystals was conducted at a temperature gradient condition, however, the evolution of concentration was reproducible. The phenomena found in this study revealed that biomacromolecular crystallization can be uncertain, which is probably caused by the process of nucleation. Such uncertainties will be harmful for the efforts of screening crystallization conditions for biomacromolecules. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Micronization of the officinal component emodin via the SEDS process through prefilming atomization
Authors: Hong Hai Long , Suo Quan Ling , Lang Zhong Min , Han Li Min , Li Chun Ping 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe micronization of emodin in a mixed solution of dichloromethane and methanol by the Solution Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluids through Prefilming Atomization (SEDS‐PA) process has been successfully performed. Morphologies and particle sizes (PSs) of the emodin microparticles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results of micronization show that the acicular or rod‐like emodin crystals with PSs of about 3‐10 µm wide and 100‐300 µm long have successfully been micronized to needle‐like, rod‐like, twisted fiber‐like and coalesced net‐like microparticles with PSs of about 0.1‐1.0μm wide and 2‐40μm long by the SEDS‐PA process. The effect of technological conditions on micronization has been studied. With the increase of initial solution concentration and temperature, the PSs of emodin microparticles increase. With the increase of solution flow rate and pressure, the PSs of emodin microparticles decrease. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characteristics of Al / p‐AgGaTe2 polycrystalline thin film Schottky barrier diode
Authors: Patel S. S. , Patel B. H. , Patel T. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn Al/p‐AgGaTe2 polycrystalline thin film schottky barrier diode have been prepared by flash‐evaporation of p‐AgGaTe2 onto a pre‐deposited film of aluminium. The current‐voltage, capacitance‐voltage and photoresponse of the diode have been investigated. The important physical parameter such as barrier height of the fabricated diode was derived from these measurements. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermo‐morphological properties of the smectic C* mesophase in new chiral salicyaldimine liquid crystals
Authors: Nesrullajev A. , Bilgin‐Eran B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSpecific textures and their temperature transformations in large temperature interval for the chiral smectic C* mesophase of new liquid crystalline materials, synthesized by our group, have been investigated in detail. Temperature dependences of the pitch of helical structure of the smectic C* mesophase have been determined for these materials. (© 2007 WILEY ‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation and characterisation of fluorapatite whiskers
Authors: Surendran R. , Chinnakali K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFluorapatite (FAp) whiskers were prepared by using Molten Salt Synthesis (MSS) technique. β‐tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and various fluorine salts, along with potassium sulphate as a flux salt were used as starting materials for preparing FAp whiskers. Effects of flux to powder weight ratio, temperature and soaking time on the morphology were studied. The optimum temperature to obtain FAp whiskers was found to be 1175°C. The phase purity of the prepared FAp whiskers were confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction and FTIR spectra, and the whiskers were further characterized by laser Raman spectra, chemical analysis and DTA/TGA thermal analysis. The morphology of the FAp whiskers were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Efficacy of Equoral in Prophylactic Immunosuppression after De Novo Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Zadražil Josef , Jabry Sadek Al , Horák Pavel , Bachleda Petr , Gibejová Agata , Kamarád Vojtěch 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDCyclosporin A is a well‐known calcineurin inhibitor that has been used for prophylactic immunosuppression after organ transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new generic cyclosporin formulation, Equoral (Teva Pharmaceuticals), in the treatment of de novo renal transplant recipients.METHODSTwenty cadaveric‐donor renal transplant recipients between 23 and 71 years of age at the time of transplantation (mean age 52 ± 12.5 years) were followed for 12 months to determine if the grafts functioned and if there were rejection attacks and side effects. In addition to cyclosporin, all patients received mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept) and prednisone (Prednison).RESULTSMean serum creatinine level decreased significantly after transplantation. In 6 of the 20 patients observed, 7 biopsies showed acute rejection episodes (35%). Over the 12‐month post‐transplant period, all patients showed stable graft function, with a mean serum creatinine level of 202.1 ± 130.9 μmol/L. Patient and renal graft survival rates were 100% after 12 months. Most of the observed adverse events were those commonly reported with the use of cyclosporin, and they resolved with a reduction in the cyclosporin dose. Equoral treatment demonstrated an acceptable safety profile with maintenance of satisfactory and stable renal function.CONCLUSIONSEquoral as a primary immunosuppressant for de novo kidney transplant recipients seems effective and safe in terms of acute rejection rate, patient and renal graft survival rates, and side effect profiles.
A primer of endometrial cytology with histological correlation
Authors: Maksem John A. , Meiers Isabelle , Robboy Stanley J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCytology is an effective method for assessing benign endometrium and for discovering premalignant and malignant endometrial states. In addition, it is useful for diagnosing non‐neoplastic abnormalities of the endometrium. This overview compares endometrial cytology to endometrial histology for a variety of benign, abnormal non‐neoplastic, and neoplastic conditions; and, discusses both diagnostic criteria and pitfalls in the assessment of endometrial brushings specimens. It also makes an attempt to estimate levels of confidence in endometrial cytodiagnosis. When endometrial brushing is used in conjunction with other diagnostic techniques such as ultrasonography/sonohysterography or hysteroscopy, cytology becomes a sensitive case finding technique that shows good patient acceptance (because of a significant decrease in procedure‐associated pain) and high diagnostic yield. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:817–844. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mesothelioma: You do not have to work for it
Authors: Ampleford Elizabeth J. , Ohar Jill 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAsbestos pollution is a global problem. Asbestos exposure induced mesothelioma does not require an ‘occupational’ type of exposure. Bystander exposures may result in earlier age of disease onset and more aggressive disease progression as described in the following 3 case reports. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:774–777. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanistic QSAR of aromatic amines: New models for discriminating between homocyclic mutagens and nonmutagens, and validation of models for carcinogens
Authors: Benigni Romualdo , Bossa Cecilia , Netzeva Tatiana , Rodomonte Andrea , Tsakovska Ivanka 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBecause of its environmental and industrial importance, the aromatic amines are the single chemical class most studied for its ability to induce mutations and cancer. The large database of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity results has been studied with Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationship (QSAR) approaches by several authors, leading to models for the following: (a) the mutagenic potency in Salmonella thyphimurium; (b) the carcinogenic potency in rodents; and (c) the discrimination between rodent carcinogens and noncarcinogens. However, satisfactory models for the discrimination between mutagens and nonmutagens are lacking. The present work provides new QSARs for mutagenic/nonmutagenic homocyclic aromatic amines in S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. The two new models are validated by checking their ability to predict the mutagenicity of further aromatic amines not included in the training set, and not used to generate the QSAR models. In addition, we also validated previous QSAR models for the carcinogenicity/noncarcinogenicity of the aromatic amines with external data. The mechanistic implications of the models are discussed in light of the other QSARs for the aromatic amines. The results of the analysis point to two QSAR models (one for mutagenicity and one for rodent carcinogenicity) as reliable tools for the in silico characterization of the risk posed by the aromatic amines. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Joint Theoretical and Experimental Insight into the Electronic Structure of Chromophores Derived from 6H,12H‐5,11‐Methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine
Authors: Lemaur Vincent , Cornil Jérôme , Didier Delphine , Mujawase Aline , Sergeyev Sergey 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe report on the synthesis and electronic spectra of the chiral, donor‐acceptor (push‐pull) chromophores (±)‐4 and (±)‐5 with a 6H,12H‐5,11‐methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine scaffold (Scheme 1 and Fig. 2). The electronic structures of these compounds were investigated at a quantum‐chemical level (Figs. 2 and 3). The chemical reactivity of 6H,12H‐5,11‐methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine ((±)‐11) towards aromatic electrophilic substitution (Scheme 2 and Table) provided additional information about its electronic structure and confirmed nonnegligible delocalization of the lone pair of the bridge‐head N‐atoms in this heterocyclic system.
Diastereoselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Chiral Derivatives of 2‐Oxoethanenitrile Oxide to Noncyclic Conjugated Symmetrical Alkenes
Authors: Romański Jan , Jóźwik Julita , Chapuis Christian , Jurczak Janusz 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAsymmetric 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of chiral derivatives of the nitrile oxides 3a–3c derived from (2R)‐bornane‐10,2‐sultam, (2R)‐10‐(dicyclohexylsulfamoyl)isoborneol, and (1R)‐8‐phenylmenthol, to either (E)‐stilbene 4 or dimethyl fumarate 5, leading to the corresponding 4,5‐dihydroisoxazoles 6a–6c and 7a–7c in both moderate yields and diastereoselectivities, are presented. All cycloadducts were converted into the corresponding methyl esters 8 and 9, which were used for determination of their enantiomeric purities via chiral HPLC analyses. In the case of both stilbene cycloadducts 6a and 6b, their absolute configurations were determined by X‐ray crystal‐structure analyses. These [3+2] cycloadditions suggest the participation of the thermodynamically less stable SO2/CO syn‐conformer in the πy approach along the CO bond of the linear nitrile oxide 3a.
Two Novel Monoterpene Alkaloid Dimers from Incarvillea arguta
Authors: Fu Jian‐Jun , Jin Hui‐Zi , Shen Yun‐Heng , Zhang Wei‐Dong , Xu Wen‐Zheng , Zeng Qi , Yan Shi‐Kai 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo novel monoterpene alkaloid dimers, named argutanes A and B (1 and 2, resp.), together with the known alkaloid boschniakine (3), were isolated from the roots of Incarvillea arguta. The structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, as well as HR‐ESI‐MS data.
8‐(3,3‐Dimethylallyl)‐Substituted Flavonoid Glycosides from the Aerial Parts of Epimedium koreanum
Authors: Zhao Hai‐Yu , Fan Li , Zhou Lei , Han Jian , Wang Bao‐Rong , Guo De‐An 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTen 8‐(3,3‐dimethylallyl)‐substituted flavonoid glycosides, including the four new flavonol glycosides 1 and 3–5 and the new flavanonol glycoside 2, besides five known flavonol glycosides, were isolated from the aerial parts of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, ESI‐MSn, HR‐ESI‐MS, and circular dichroism (CD) experiments.
Diterpenoid Alkaloids of Delphinium buschianumGrossh.
Authors: Bitiş Leyla , Süzgeç Sevda , Sözer Ulaş , Özçelik Hasan , Zapp Josef , Kiemer Alexandra K. , Meriçli Filiz , Meriçli Ali H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFrom the aerial parts of Delphinium buschianum Grossh., collected in Turkey, a new diterpenoid alkaloid 1, named budelphine, was isolated along with the known diterpenoid alkaloids karakoline (2), 18‐hydroxy‐14‐O‐methylgadesine (3), delsoline (4), lapaconidine (5), columbianine (6), 14‐benzoylneoline (7), and hetisine (9). The structure of 1 was established on the basis of 1H‐, 13C‐, DEPT, 1H,1H‐COSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC NMR studies.
An efficient methodology for estimating irrigation return flow coefficients of irrigated crops at watershed and seasonal scale
Authors: Dewandel B. , Gandolfi J.‐M. , de Condappa D. , Ahmed S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIrrigation return flow coefficients, i.e. the ratio between the quantity of water returned from the cultivated area to the groundwater system and the amount of abstraction, vary by more than 50% for rice cultivation using standing water irrigation to 0% in the case of drip irrigation technique. This component of the groundwater budget plays an important role, particularly in intensively irrigated areas. Thus, to avoid any inaccurate aquifer budgeting, modelling and consequently any erroneous watershed management, this component needs to be accurately assessed for a particular time‐step (e.g. weekly, seasonally) onto the studied area.The present paper proposes a cost‐effective and useful methodology for assessing irrigation return flow coefficients (Cf = irrigation return flow/pumping flow) based on (i) basic crops field survey and meteorological data and (ii) the use of a simple hydraulic model that combines both water balance technique and unsaturated/saturated flow theory.An attempt to estimate the uncertainty of irrigation return flow coefficient estimates based on the uncertainty introduced by the pumping and the natural spatial variability of the soil characteristics is also proposed. Results have been compared to real field conditions and allow us to (i) estimate the uncertainty and (ii) validate and demonstrate the robustness of the applied methodology.The proposed methodology allows relatively good estimates of the irrigation return flow coefficients at watershed and seasonal scale. The irrigation return flow coefficients are calculated as: 51 ± 8% in rainy season (Kharif) and 48 ± 4% in summer (Rabi) for rice; 26 ± 11% in rainy season and 24 ± 4% in summer for vegetables; 13 ± 8% in rainy season and 11 ± 3% in summer for flowers. These results were found to be consistent with the existing literature. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does the incorporation of process conceptualization and tracer data improve the structure and performance of a simple rainfall‐runoff model in a Scottish mesoscale catchment?
Authors: Tetzlaff D. , Uhlenbrook S. , Eppert S. , Soulsby C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) rainfall‐runoff model was applied in a 31 km2 montane catchment in Scotland. Modelling was based on flow path length distributions derived from a digital terrain model (DTM). The model was applied in two ways; a single landscape unit response based on the DTM alone, and a two‐landscape unit response, which incorporated the distribution of saturated areas derived from field‐validated geographic information system (GIS) analysis based on a DTM and soil maps. This was to test the hypothesis that incorporation of process‐information would enhance the model performance. The model was applied with limited multiple event calibration to produce parameter sets which could be applied to a spectrum of events with contrasting characteristics and antecedent conditions. Gran alkalinity was used as a tracer to provide an additional objective measure for assessing model performance. The models captured the hydrological response dynamics of the catchment reasonably well. In general, the single landscape unit approach produced the best individual model performance statistics, though the two‐landscape unit approach provided a range of models, which bracketed the storm hydrograph response more realistically. There was a tendency to over‐predict the rising limb of the hydrograph, underestimate large storm event peaks and anticipate the hydrograph recession too rapidly. Most of these limitations could be explained by the simplistic assumptions embedded within the GIUH approach. The modelling also gave feasible predictions of stream water chemistry, though these could not be used as a basis for model rejection. Nevertheless, the study suggested that the approach has potential for prediction of hydrological response in ungauged montane headwater basins. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of aquifer parameters based on measurements of tidal effects on a coastal aquifer near Beihai, China
Authors: Zhou Xun 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMeasurements of the tide and groundwater levels in coastal zones are of importance in determining the properties of coastal aquifers. The solution to a one‐dimensional unsteady groundwater flow model in a coastal confined aquifer with sinusoidal fluctuation of the tide shows that the tidal efficiency decreases exponentially with distance and the time lag increases linearly with distance from the coast. The aquifer property described by the ratio of storage coefficient to transmissivity is determined if the damping constant of the tidal efficiency or the slope of the time lag with distance are obtained on the basis of tidal measurements. Hourly observations of the tide and groundwater levels at 10 wells on the northern coast near Beihai, China show that with distance from the coast, tidal efficiency decreases roughly exponentially and the time lag increases roughly linearly. The estimated ratio of storage coefficient to transmissivity of the confined aquifer ranges from 1·169 × 10−6 d m−2 to 1·83 × 10−7 d m−2. For a given transmissivity of 750 m2 d−1, the storage coefficient of the aquifer is 8·7675 × 10−4 with the tidal efficiency method and 1·3725 × 10−4 with the time lag method. The damping constant of the tidal efficiency with distance can be defined as the tidal propagation coefficient. The value of the confined aquifer is determined as 0·0018892 m−1. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.