bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary levels of epidermal growth factor, interleukin‐6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 may act as predictor markers of renal function outcome in immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Authors: STANGOU MARIA , ALEXOPOULOS EFSTATHIOS , PAPAGIANNI AIKATERINI , PANTZAKI AFRODITI , BANTIS CHRISTOS , DOVAS SPIROS , ECONOMIDOU DOMNIKI , LEONTSINI MARIA , MEMMOS DIMITRIOS 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARY:Aim:  Urinary cytokine excretion may reflect histological changes in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), and their measurement can give information about disease outcome.Methods:  Thirty‐three IgAN patients were prospectively followed for 5.6 ± 3.1 years. Urinary levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), interleukin (IL)‐6 and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were measured at diagnosis and repeated 1 year later for IL‐6 and EGF.Results:  Urinary MCP‐1 and IL‐6 levels were increased significantly, while EGF excretion reduced in IgAN patients, compared to controls. IL‐6 urinary levels showed significant positive correlation with chronic histological lesions. Patients were classified into five groups, according to the Haas classification system. MCP‐1 and IL‐6 urinary levels were increased, whereas EGF levels were reduced in the progression of staging. EGF urinary excretion was a strong predictor factor of disease outcome, significantly correlated with creatinine clearance at time of diagnosis (r = 0.5, P = 0.005), and at the end of follow up (r = 0.6, P = 0.001). Urinary EGF levels measured a year later could predict long‐term outcome better, and a cut of 0.05 pg/mg urine creatinine levels could distinguish between progressors and non‐progressors.Conclusion:  Urinary MCP‐1, IL‐6 and EGF levels may represent histology in IgAN. EGF excretion can be a predictive marker and its serial measurements may give information about disease outcome and the effect of treatment.
Increased urinary excretion of orosomucoid is a risk predictor of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: JIANG HONGJUAN , GUAN GUANGJU , ZHANG RUI , LIU GANG , LIU HAIYING , HOU XIANGHUA , CHENG JING 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYAim:  Identification of the risk predictor of diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains a major challenge currently. Thus, proteomic approaches to identify DN‐related biomarker were performed.Methods:  A comparative proteomic approach of 2‐D gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) and mass spectrometry to identify biomarkers in urine samples from 12 DN patients (six type 1 and six type 2 diabetic patients) and six healthy controls. Then, the urinary level of identified protein biomarker was detected by immunoturbidimetry assay in urine samples from 90 type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients with normo‐, micro‐ and macroalbuminuria (n = 30 in each group), and 30 healthy controls.Results:  A novel DN‐related protein, orosomucoid (α1‐acid glycoprotein), was identified by proteomic method. Its abundance was highly upregulated (>eightfold) in DN patients. The data of immunoturbidimetry assay showed urinary orosomucoid excretion rate (UOER) was gradually increased in the normo‐, micro‐ and macroalbuminuria group versus control (0.71 ± 0.41, 1.93 ± 0.68, 2.88 ± 0.94 vs 0.39 ± 0.28 ug/min, P < 0.05). The result indicated that UOER increased in early stage of DN and gradually increased with the development of DN. Also, Pearson's correlation analysis indicated UOER was positively correlated with urinary albumin excretion rate, serum creatinine and C‐reactive protein (r = 0.830, 0.787 and 0.360, respectively; P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis also showed that increased UOER was an independent risk factor for DN (odds ratio = 3.10, P < 0.0001).Conclusion:  Urinary orosomucoid is a DN‐related biomarker, which is associated with the development and progression of DN. Furthermore, increased UOER is an independent risk factor of DN.
Review article: How cells sense oxygen: Lessons from and for the kidney
Authors: GLEADLE JONATHAN M 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYThe kidney has contributed two critical insights to an understanding of the mechanism by which all mammalian cells sense oxygen. The first followed from the detailed characterization of the regulation of expression of erythropoietin by oxygen and led to the discovery of the hypoxically regulated transcription factor, HIF (hypoxia‐inducible factor). The second insight developed from the exploration of the molecular pathogenesis of von Hippel Lindau disease protein whose mutation is characterized by the development of renal cancers. The essential role for the von Hippel Lindau disease protein in the oxygen‐dependent degradation of HIF led directly to the discovery of the oxygen sensing mechanism that regulates HIF by oxygen‐dependent peptidyl hydroxylation. This understanding now generates novel therapeutic possibilities and is providing insights into the mechanisms of other renal diseases.
Review article: Leukocyte‐endothelial dysregulation in systemic small vessel vasculitis
Authors: PANKHURST TANYA , SAVAGE CAROLINE OS , LITTLE MARK A 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYAberrant interaction between the leukocyte and the endothelial cell (EC) results in the uncontrolled inflammation seen in systemic small vessel vasculitis. This review discusses our current understanding of this process and includes consideration of the role of adhesion molecules, proteases and the neutrophil respiratory burst. The effects of anti‐neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies and anti‐endothelial cell antibodies and their pathogenic roles are examined, and we look at experimental disease models. Specificity of disease‐targetted endothelial beds and the role of circulating EC are discussed.
A Histopathological Study of Odontogenic Tumors*
Authors: Ishikawa Goro 
Published: January 2009

SummaryAbout 160 cases of odontogenic tumor were studied histologically and a classification of the odontogenic tumor was presented. No clear‐cut example of melano‐ameloblastoma, odontogenic sarcoma, ameloblastic neurinoma, dentinoblastoma was observed in this study.About a half of the ameloblastoma belonged to Type III. Ameloblastoma of the maxilla was principally Type I. More differentiated types were found mostly in the younger patients. For the reason of a predirection of the ameloblastoma in the mandibular molar region, the developmental relationship between tooth band and jaw bone in this region should be considered. Cyst in the parenchyma might be produced in three ways; keratinous degeneration of the squamous epithelial portion, fine granular lipo‐protein or glucolipid degeneration of the epithelium without keratinous changes, and hydropic degeneration of the stellate reticulum. Hyalinous halo surrounding nests of epithelium indicate a simple hyalinous change of the stromal tissue adjacent to the basement membrane or true thickening of the basement membrane like membrana preformativa. Cyst formation of the stroma may be influenced not merely by circulatory disturbances of the stroma, but by some action on the adjoining epithelium.So‐called adeno‐ameloblastoma should be considered as a variant of ameloblastoma. Its adenomatous structure may be formed from atypical growth of the epithelium of dental origin and not a true glandular structure.Two cases of malignant ameloblastoma were observed in this series. In one instance metastases to the cervical lymphnodes and the upper lip were histologically demonstrated.When we diagnose the odontogenic mesodermal tumors, by means of only histological examination, we should have careful consideration in various instance.Three types of the odontogenic mixed tumor represented various differentiating grade of thetum or tissues. Ameloblastic hemangioma was supposed to be a variant of ameloblastoma with a dilatation of the stromal blood vessels and not with a true hemangioma tissue.
Morphological Studies on the Influence of Metabolic Disturbances Upon the Gonads, with Special Reference to the Disturbance of the TCA Cycle by KREBS*
Authors: Arai Tsuneto 
Published: January 2009

SummaryBy repeated administration of fumaric acid which belongs to the Krebs's TCA Cycle and which is influentially connected with the metabolism in body, the rabbit develops slight regressive changes in its parenchymatous organs, as well as a parenchymatous goiter. Marked atrophy is observed in the gonads especially accentuated in the testis, a correlated decrease in hyaluronidase being recognized in the atrophied testis. In this case two types are developed, i.e., hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and hyperestrogenic hypogonadism. The administration of the serum of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism to virgin rabbits results in the development of maturity of follicles with seems to be related with ovarian cystoma. Gynecomastia is observed in hyperestrogenic hypogonadism.The atrophy of testes following repeated administration of fumaric acid is inhibited by the combined administration with RNA or DNA, and with histidine. It is assumed that the fumaric acid is directly correlated with a biosynthesis of pyrimidine base. So, it is concluded that the etiological mechanism of the marked atrophy of gonads, especially the testes, is interpreted as a direct metabolic influence to the nucleic metabolism of germinal cells, and the metabolic disturbance in body influences the gonads, and the endocrine glands.The atrophy of gonads and the production of arteriosclerosis of aorta on rabbits due to the TCA Cycle disturbance seems to have given a significant value in clarifying the so‐called aging or senile symptoms.
An Autopsy Case of Chronic Rheumatic Carditis with Myocardial Aschoff Bodies
Authors: Isomura Nobuyuki , Hara Hiroshi , Kubota Itsuro 
Published: January 2009

SummaryAn autopsy case of chronic rheumatic carditis is described. The patient was a woman aged 32 years and the duration of the disease was more than eight years.At autopsy, the heart showed typical mitral stenosis with verrucous scarring, calcification and contraction of the valve. Areas of degenerating muscle cells and proliferation of the interstitial connective tissue, partly with perivascular infiltration, were seen throughout the myocardium, and heart muscles showed narrowing and fragmentation. There was fibrinoid degeneration of the wall in small coronary vessels. Numerous Aschoff bodies of various structures were found mostly in the proliferated interstitial connective tissue, between damaged muscle bundles and adjacent to the small coronary vessels of the myocardium. A small number of Aschoff bodies were situated in the subendocardial tissue in which there was no muscle.
An Autopsy Case of Giant Cell Myocarditis (Myocardial Sarcoidosis)
Authors: Ooneda Genju , Mitomo Hiroshi , Kanai Hosho 
Published: January 2009

SummaryAn autopsy case of the so‐called giant cell myocarditis, which was understood to be sarcoidosis, the main lesion of which situated in the myocardium, was reported.In the morphogensis of asteroid bodies, the protein moiety of lipoprotein was considered to participate. The theory that these bodies would be derivatives of elastin could not be supported.
A Case of Trunco‐Arteritis Diffusa Productiva (So‐Called Pulseless Disease)
Authors: Nasu Tsuyoshi 
Published: January 2009

SummaryThe lesions of this disease are seen mainly in the trunks of larger and medium sized arteries where focal coagulation necrosis and granuloma consisting of epithelioid cells and giant cells of Langhans type occur primarily, and these focal changes extend to the surrounding area forming irregular scar tissues and in turn cause a diffuse productive inflammation of the arterial walls. Such lesions seem to begin centering at the vasa vasorum in adventitia and media, and changes in the intima or formation of thrombi are interpreted to be secondary. It is important to note that marked thickening of the arterial wall in some portions is found immediately after branching off, while no changes are visible proximal to the branching.From these findings it is proposed that the preferable designation for this disease is Trunco‐arteritis Diffusa (or Granulomatosa) Productiva.In this case, marked stenosis due to thickening of the wall of the left subclavian artery causes an absence of radial pulsation of this side, that of the renal arteries brings about degenerative changes in both kidneys, and marked stenosis of the short gastric arteries causes an ischemic necrosis of the stomach wall, through which perforations occur.Atypical tubercle bacilli of viral type are suspected as the etiologic factor of this disease. In has been said that this disease occurs most frequently among women in puberty, and therefore, this is the first autopsy report of a boy in the first decade such as 5 years of age.
HEMOCHROMATOSIS: A Report of Three Autopsy Cases
Authors: Inoue Toshio , Sekiyama Shigetaka , Sawai Shigejiro , Akabori Sumie , Takeno Mitsuhiko , Mitsuhashi Kanshichi , Toriumi Jun , Ishikawa Eisei 
Published: January 2009

Summary1) Three cases of primary (idiopathic) hemochromatosis have been reported.2) The present authors, after having carried out various histochemical and fluorescence microscopic examinations, have come to a conclusion that hemofuscin should not be classed with the family of lipogenic pigments.
Hyaline Membrane Disease of Newborn Infants Its etiology and significance. Pulmonary hyaline membrane and congenital alveolar dysplasia*
Authors: Kambe Seiichi 
Published: January 2009

Summary1) Hyaline membrane disease, as a pathological entity was studied histologically and biochemically. Histochemical tests routinely available, failed to reveal specific identifiable characteristics between hyaline membrane and other interalveolar foreign amorphous matter.2) Observation from our experimental results on rabbits and from autopsied materials of newborns and others, disclosed that hyaline membrane is a pattern of membranous alveolar lining and is derived from any source of inflammatory exudate, edema fluid and probably from aspirated amniotic sac content.3) Hyaline membrane and congenital alveolar dysplasia (Mac Mahon) are of distinctly different entities. Hyaline membrane is a foreign matter precipitated over the basement membranes of terminal air spaces, while the latter is a developmental defect of distal respiratory structures.
An Autopsy Case of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Hokano Masami , Dote Takeshi , Omori Ryoei , Otaka Yuichi 
Published: January 2009

SummaryA case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a 33‐year‐old Japanese woman is presented. The case is the first to be published in Japanese medical literature.
Four Autopsy Cases of Diffusely Metastasizing“Progressive Gangrenous Rhinitis”—Reticulum Cell Sarcoma of the Nose
Authors: Sugano Haruo , Enomoto Makoto , Watanabe Toyosuke 
Published: January 2009

Summary1) The present paper reports four autopsy cases. They all died under the clinical diagnosis of progressive gangrenous rhinitis.2) By autopsy, besides the greyish white tumor invasion in the nasopharyngeal region, diffuse extensive metastases to the intestine, lungs, esophagus, bone marrow, testes, epididymes, kidneys, lymph nodes are present. Histologically, reticulum cell sarcoma, especially histiocytic type is mentioned.3) This disease contains at least two different types in the reported literatures in this country: One is an inflammatory‐allergic disease, including Wegener's granulomatosis, and the other a sarcoma, mainly reticulum cell sarcoma. Namely, some cases of lymph‐reticular sarcoma of the nose, having free cell pattern soaked in tissue fluid, show clinically gangrenous necrotic charaters. The name of progressive gangrenous rhinitis should be understood as a clinical syndrome.
Ectopic Formation of Elastic Cartilage in Exsc Animals
Authors: KOBAYASHI Tadayoshi , KAMEGAYA Kiyotaka 
Published: January 2009

Summary And ConclusionsThe paper presents the experimental ectopic formation of elastic cartilage, which has not previously been reported, in five guinea pigs observed in our department.The authors propose a hypothesis that the ectopic elastic cartilage is formed by the collaborated effects of epithelium, skeletal muscle and others.
TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASES IN TAIWAN
Authors: Chen T.Y. 
Published: January 2009

During a 10 years period(1957–1966), 355 cases of trophoblastic neoplasia were examined at the Department of pathology, National Taiwan University. The material included 228 cases of hydatidiform mole, 70 of destrucitive mole and 57 of choriocarcinoma. The relative incidence of this group of diseases among the surgical matrials was 0.48%, while a pilot population survery revealed that the ratio of hydatidiform mole to deliveres in Taiwan much lower (1:5,011 in rural and 1:2,061 in urban areas) than that from hospital statistcs reported in the past. For the practical use, the classification proposed by the International Study Group for Trophoblastic Neoplasia was recommended and the diagnostic criteria were discussed. A case among the author's series appeared to constitute an intermediate type between destructive mole and choriocarcinoma.Sixty‐two cases of destructive mole and 45 of choriocarcinoma were followed up and the results were compared with a similar series of1947–56 period. Notable decrease of choriocarcinoma motality may be due to the use of chemotherapy, especially with Methotrexate. In contrast, the mortality of destructive mole has increased slightly.
JUXTAGLOMERULAR GRANULAR INDICES IN VARIOUS DISEASES: SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON LOW SERUM SODIUM, AND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS AND MACULA DENSA*
Authors: Kihara Itaru 
Published: January 2009

The renal sections obtained from unselectively collected 195 autopsy cases were stained with Bowie's procedure and juxtaglomerular indices were calculated.The original diseases of 22 cases were various and there was no parallel relationship between high JGIs and clinical hypertensive state, except in a case of renovascular hypertension. High JGIs were observed in cases with marked fluid accumulation in the cavities or cases with circulatory imbalance inducing generalized edema.There was an interesting finding in two cases with highly granulated juxtaglomerular cells among 9 cases of chronic glomerulonephritis. Their electrolyte metabolism in the terminal week indicated that two cases showed an extremely low serum sodium compared to the normal range of sodium in the other 7 cases.There were several morphological interrelations suggestive of the presence of intimate functional integrity between the macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells. The basement membrane of the distal tubules splitted into two or three fine membranes at the macula densa and intermingled between the juxtaglomerular cells. The lining cells of the macula densa were taller having round nuclei situated in the upper portion of the cytoplasm and were more densely populated than those of the rest. This relationship was well preserved between the tubules and hyalinized glomeruli of chronic glomerulonephritis as well as in normal kidney. ACTA PATH. JAP.
STUDIES ON TUMOR INDUCTION IN RATS WITH 7,12–DIMETHYL‐BENZ (a) ANTHRACENE, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO THE MORPHOGENESIS AND FINE‐STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE TARGET ORGANS
Authors: Fukunishi Ryo 
Published: January 2009

After multiple injections of 7,12–DMBA (25 mg/kg body weight), high yields of malignant tumors were obtained in two different strains of rats (Donryu and ACI). The incidence of mammary cancer was high in female rats of both strains (84.6% in Donryu, 89.5% in AC I). High yields (67.5%) of ear duct cancer were obtained in ACI males, and the incidence of leukemia was highest in Donryu females (46.296).Changes produced with 7, 12–DMBA in several organs were observed by electron microscopy. Acute changes in the organs in which a malignant tumor could be induced appeared irreversible, including steady increase of tonofilaments in the ear duct glandular cell and appearance of numerous plasma cells in the spleen. The changes produced in the liver and kidney were found to be reversible.Morphological discontinuity at the malignant transformation was recognized in the ear duct gland and spleen.Ultrasturctures of induced malignant tumor cells were studied, and mammary cancer was classified into a highly differentiated type and a poorly differentiated type.Classification of organs into three categories, a) DMBA‐responding organ, b) DMBA‐metabolizing and DMBA‐susceptible organ, c) DMBA‐refractory organ, was proposed and each was discussed in detail. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 51–72, 1968.
MORPHOGENESIS OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
Authors: Ooneda Genju 
Published: January 2009

The basic process in the morphogenesis of arteriosclerosis consists of proliferation and insudation in the intima, and varied combinations of these two processes produce various types of arteriosclerotic lesions.The morphogenesis of atherosclerosis is considered to be as follows: Atheroma is formed by the infiltration of blood plasma lipids into the intima of the large and medium‐sized arteries having cellulofibrous intimal thickening, which grows with age. As the result, proliferation advances especially in the upper layer of the intima. There were two types of atheroma formation.Arteriosclerosis of the small arteries and arterioles is produced by various combinations of insudation and proliferation in the small arteries and arterioles where the intimal thickening does not occur with age, or only to a slight degree, if any.In order to elucidate the mechanism of the proliferation and insudation in the intima, animal experiments were carried out. On the basis of the experimental results, possible causes of the proliferation (cellulofibrous intimal thickening) and the insudation (blood plasma infiltration) were discussed. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18:75–82, 1968.
A STUDY ON THE HISTOGENESIS OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS OF ORGAN ARTERIES, WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON RENAL ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
Authors: Yajima Gonpachi 
Published: January 2009

Renal arteriosclerosis was studied with a concept based on a sudden elevation of the hemodynamic pressure due to a pressure imbalance occurring between the glomerular and pre‐glomerular circulation.Congenital pre‐sclerosis of the renal arteries and ‘physiological arteriosclerosis’ in various age groups were described. Pathological arteriosclerotic forms seen in arteriosclerotic diseases of the brain and the heart and hypertension were compared with those in the controls.‘Dysorie’ changes observed in the malignant phase of chronic glomerulo‐nephritis and malignant nephrosclerosis were presented and discussed.In order to clarify the most characteristic feature of renal circulatory disiurbance, some other renal diseases were demonstrated, and the relation between renal circulatory disorder and arteriolar damages was discussed. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 107–121, 1968.
CORONARY SCLEROSIS
Authors: Otsu Syoichi 
Published: January 2009

The human coronary arteries were examined both histologically and histometrically. The materials were obtained from autopsies of every decade of age, which consisted of 13 cases with and 41 without hypertension.It was revealed that diffuse thickening of the intima in coronary arterial system develops earlier in age and more frequently than in the other, and the degeneration as well as fragmentation of the internal elastic lamina are prone to become apparent with aging. At the same time the internal elastic lamina and the media seem to be extended in many cases, resulting in thinning of the media and masking of its fibrosis.Coronary sclerosis was more evident at the onset of its muscular type segment, being different from sclerosis in other arterial systems, and was morphologically divided into two types; eccentric and diffuse sclerosis. Although the former type causing eccentric stenosis of the lumen was more frequently encountered, it is noticeable that the latter showing marked pipe‐stem‐like stenosis was more often found in the coronary arterial system than in the others. This type seems to be formed on the basis of diffuse thickening of the intima. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 123–135, 1968.