bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coagulation Studies as a Prognostic Index in Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Dymock I. W. , Tucker J. S. , Woolf I. L. , Poller L. , Thomson J. M. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. A coagulation screen has been performed on 12 patients with acute liver failure. Six died and six recovered. All six fatal cases developed a haemorrhagic state with haemostatic failure. An attempt has been made to delineate the various mechanisms for the production of the coagulation defect. The significance of the different haematological parameters in assessing prognosis has been assessed.The study emphasizes the importance of the synthetic ability of the liver in determining survival prospects. A good correlation between the factor‐VII level, which is a guide to liver synthesis, and recovery has been shown. The value of a specific factor‐VII assay in acute liver failure appears considerable. Where this assay cannot be performed the clot opacity fibrinogen technique provides a reasonable guide to the prognosis.The presence or absence of DIG was not a determinant factor in survival in this series.
Hereditary Giant Platelet Syndrome
Authors: Walsh P. N. , Mills D. C. B. , Pareti Francesco I. , Stewart Gwendolyn J. , Margaret D. E. Macfarlane , Johnson M. , Egan J. J. 
Published: March 2008

Summary The platelets from two related patients with the hereditary giant platelet syndrome were examined. They were larger than normal but otherwise ultra‐structurally normal; they contained increased storage pools of adenine nucleotides and heparin‐neutralizing activity and took up serotonin at an increased rate. They aggregated normally with ADP and collagen but failed to aggregate with bovine factor VIII and Ristocetin. Some change in shape occurred with ADP, and the reduction in adenylate energy change after addition of ADP to platelet‐rich plasma was smaller than normal.Platelet coagulant activities including contact product forming activity, intrinsic factor‐Xa forming activity and platelet factor 3 activity were normal or increased, but collagen‐induced coagulant activity was absent whether tested in washed platelet suspensions or platelet‐rich plasma. Platelet washing experiments showed decreased binding of factors V and VIII to hereditary giant platelets and no detectable factor XI in washed platelet suspensions. It is concluded that (1) the hereditary giant platelets studied lacked a binding mechanism for factors V, VIII and XI; (2) the normal development of collagen‐induced coagulant activity apparently depends upon the binding of factor XI to the platelet membrane; and (3) the defective prothrombin consumption observed in these patients may have resulted from the failure of their platelets to bind factor XI.
The Anti‐Rh0(D) Responses of Immunized Volunteers following Repeated Antigenic Stimuli
Authors: Gunson H. H. , Stratton F. , Phillips P. K. 
Published: March 2008

Twenty‐nine Rh0(D) negative male volunteers previously immunized with D‐positive red cells have received series of antigenic stimuli repeated at intervals of 2 or 4 weeks. Although there is an individual variation in the magnitude of the anti‐D responses, the levels of anti‐D achieved are, in general, higher than those obtained after stimuli spaced at intervals of several months. Moreover, certain volunteers whose plasma was not suitable for inclusion into pools for the preparation of anti‐D immunoglobulin after spaced stimuli could donate regularly following the repeated stimuli.Whilst untoward clinical reactions did not occur as a result of the repeated stimuli five volunteers developed unwanted antibodies outside the Rh system and this may be related to the total dose of red cells injected.
The Effect of pH upon Human Transferrin: Selective Labelling of the Two Iron‐binding Sites
Authors: Lestas A. N. 
Published: March 2008

The influence of pH changes upon the iron‐binding properties of transferrin was investigated in the absence of chelating agents. The effects were demonstrated by spectrophotometry, gel filtration, and by studies of the intermolecular transfer of 59Fe from transferrin to conalbumin.At pH values below 6.7, diferric transferrin readily loses iron. The monoferric molecule, which is relatively resistant to acid dissociation, is preferentially formed. A temporary reduction of pH provides a simple method for selectively attaching iron to one metal‐binding site, and allows double isotopic labelling of the transferrin molecule. This technique may permit further investigation of the physiological properties of the two iron‐binding sites.
Variations in Globin Chain Synthesis in Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Haemoglobin
Authors: Friedman Shlomo , Schwartz Elias , Ahern Edgar , Ahern Valda 
Published: March 2008

Globin synthesis was studied in four Negro families including 10 members with Hb A‐HPFH and four with Hb S‐HPFH. The β/α specific activity ratios in 10 of these HPFH heterozygotes were similar to those of the control group. In two patients with Hb A‐HPFH, the β/α ratio was slightly decreased in one (0.84) and clearly decreased in another (0.78). In two of the patients with Hb S‐HPFH the ratios were clearly decreased (0.71 and 0.75). The extended range of β/α ratios in these 14 patients is similar to that of Negro patients with β‐thalassaemia trait. These studies indicate that a decreased β/α ratio may be found in HPFH, as well as in β‐thalassaemia.Bone marrow globin synthesis was measured in two patients with Hb S‐HPFH and decreased peripheral blood β/α ratios, and in one with Hb A‐HPFH and a normal peripheral blood β/α ratio. In each patient the (β+γ)/α ratio of radioactivities as well as the β/α specific activity ratio was close to 1 and therefore balanced, indicating more rapid decay of β‐chain synthesis relative to α‐chain during red cell maturation or extremely rapid destruction of newly synthesized excess α‐chains in the bone marrow.
Chemotaxis for Human Monocytes by Fibrinogen‐derived Peptides
Authors: Richardson D. L. , Pepper D. S. , Kay A. B. 
Published: March 2008

Chemotactic activity for human peripheral blood monocytes was generated by the action of thrombin on human fibrinogen, a reaction known to release low molecular fibrinopeptides. Supernatants prepared by incubating Contortrix venom with fibrinogen, which cleaves the B peptide, were also chemotactic, whereas no activity was present in supernatants from Arvin venom, which cleaves peptides A, AP and AY. Thus fibrinopeptide B was chemotactic for the monocyte in addition to the neutrophil, as previously reported.Monocyte chemotactic activity was also generated by the action of plasmin on human fibrinogen and shown to be associated with the D and E fragments but not with a mixture of fragments X and Y. When plasmin digestion was stopped at time intervals up to 24 h, monocyte chemotactic activity corresponded with the appearance of the D and E fragments. The monocyte chemotactic activity, contained in a 24 h digest, eluted from Sephadex G‐75 at V0, corresponding to the expected position of the D and E fragments whereas neutrophil chemotactic activity eluted with molecules of molecular size of approximately 30 000 daltons. Thus fragments D and E derived from plasmin digestion of fibrinogen attract the monocyte whereas only the small uncharacterized peptides were chemotactic for the neutrophil. These different profiles of chemotactic activity for the neutrophil and the monocyte in terms of plasmin digestion products of fibrinogen may be of significance in the events leading to the accumulation of these cells in vivo during fibrin deposition.
Comparison of the Coagulant Activities of Platelets and Phospholipids
Authors: Walsh Peter N. , Lipscomb Myatt S. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.The coagulant activities of various phospholipid preparations were compared with those of platelets. Folch phospholipid with maximal platelet factor 3 (PF3) activity produced long recalcified clotting times of relatively undiluted plasma in plastic tubes whereas untreated or ADP‐treated platelets with minimal PF3 activity produced short clotting times in the same test system which is sensitive to activators of the contact system of intrinsic coagulation. Bell and Alton phospholipids with maximal PF3 activity produced recalcified clotting times similar to those in the presence of platelets. Bell and Alton phospholipids had tissue factor activity, but Folch phospholipid and platelets did not. Bell and Alton phospholipids and gum acacia (used as a vehicle in one of the preparations) activated factor XII as did platelets, but Folch phospholipid did not. The multiple coagulant activies of Bell and Alton phospholipids (i.e. PF3, tissue factor and contact activating) may account for the absence of coagulant superiority of platelets in the undiluted system in plastic tubes. The coagulant activities of platelets are also complex but different from Bell and Alton phospholipids whereas Folch phospholipid would appear to possess only PF3 activity.
Chloramphenicol Induced Inhibition of Platelet Protein Synthesis: in Vitro and in Vivo Studies
Authors: Agam Galila , Gasner S. , Bessler Hana , Fishman Pnina , Djaldetti M. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.Chloramphenicol (CAP), an antibiotic which causes various blood dyscrasias, was shown to inhibit in vitro protein synthesis of human blood platelets. The effect is dose‐ and time‐dependent, it is reversible after incubation for 2 h, and is comparable with the suppression achieved by cycloheximide (CXM). Electron microscopic examination revealed swelling and destruction of mitochondria.Administration of CAP to dogs produced a progressive inhibition of platelet protein synthesis as shown by a reduction in the rate of [3H]leucine incorporation into protein. The maximal inhibitory effect of the antibiotic was reached 0.5–4.0 h after its administration, when minimal leucine incorporation values of 9–40% of the control were measured. The suppressive effect of CAP was followed by an overshoot in the incorporation of [3H]leucine, up to a maximum of 602% of the value at zero time of the experiment.
Lack of Prognostic Value of Lymphoblast Size in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Authors: Oster Martin W. , Margileth David A. , Simon Richard , Leventhal Brigid G. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.There are conflicting reports about the relationship of cell size and type to prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). For this reason, bone marrows at diagnosis and first relapse were studied in 56 children with ALL treated on the same protocol. Lymphoblasts greater than 12 mμ in diameter were called macrolym‐phoblasts (MLB). Forty‐one of 56 initial bone marrows had less than 20% MLB (group A), and 15 had greater than 20% MLB (group B). Median survival, complete remission rate, first remission duration, and the distribution of CNS leukaemia were similar in both groups. First relapse marrows were examined from 50 patients and a significant increase in MLB compared to initial pre‐treatment bone marrows (18%vs 8%) was found.
Manipulation of the Mitotic Cycle in the Treatment of Acute Myelogenous Leukaemia
Authors: Lampkin B. C. , McWilliams N. B. , Mauer A. M. , Flessa H. C. , Hake D. A. , Fisher V. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.A priming dose of cytosine arabinoside (Ara C) was given to 16 children and five adults with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) to synchronize leukaemia cells in the DNA synthesis (S) phase of the mitotic cycle. An infusion of this drug, which was continued for 12 h, was started at the time of partial synchronization and was repeated every 6–12 h until the bone marrow was very hypocellular. Complete remission was achieved in 12 of 16 children and in all adults. Two of the four children went into complete remission with the addition of two doses of daunorubicin or adriamycin. These results suggest that partial synchronization of cells in the S phase results in a therapeutic advantage in the use of Ara C for induction of a remission of AML and that manipulation of the mitotic cycle, as monitored by kinetic studies, may be helpful in planning optimal schedules for drug administration.
Significance of Haematological Parameters in the Non‐Hodgkin's Malignant Lymphomas
Authors: Bloomfield C. D. , Mckenna R. W. , Brunning R. D. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.Blood findings at diagnosis, in 140 adults with lymphoma, were correlated with bone marrow involvement and survival. An abnormal haemoglobin, leucocyte count or platelet count was found in 57% of patients. Lymphocytopenia occurred in 46%. All patients with thrombocytopenia or neutropenia, 69% with leucopenia and 63% with anaemia had marrow involvement with lymphoma. Marrow involvement in histiocytic and stem cell lymphoma was always associated with anaemia. Marrow involvement in poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (PDL) was associated with anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, lymphocytopenia or lymphoma cells in the blood in 93% of patients. Bone marrow involvement was found in only 13% of patients with normal haematological parameters. In the absence of marrow involvement blood abnormalities at diagnosis did not generally correlate with survival. However, among patients with diffuse PDL who had marrow involvement, anaemia, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia adversely affected survival. Lymphocytopenia did not correlate with survival.
Studies on Pure Red Cell Aplasia: VIII. MAINTENANCE THERAPY WITH IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUGS
Authors: Zaentz S. D. , Krantz S. B. , Brown E. B. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.Two patients with pure red cell aplasia, whose marrow cells were capable of increasing their rate of haem synthesis when incubated in vitro with erythropoietin concentrate, had a complete remission associated with the administration of cyclo‐phosphamide and prednisone. Both patients relapsed when the drugs were withdrawn. The patients again went into remission when therapy was reinstituted. Maintenance of normal erythropoiesis was dependent on the continued administration of these drugs. This study provides additional evidence for a causal relationship between immunosuppressive therapy and the resumption of erythropoiesis in patients with this disease and demonstrates the value of this therapy for the maintenance of a remission.
Platelet Density and Size: the Interpretation of Heterogeneity
Authors: PENINGTON D. G. , LEE N. L. Y. , ROXBURGH A. E. , MCGREADY J. R. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. Platelets have been separated according to buoyant density using a colloidal silica‐polyvinylpyrrolidone system and subjected to electronic sizing. All density populations were found to be heterogeneous in size, the most dense platelets ranging from less than 3 fl to greater than 21 fl in both man and rat. Light platelet fractions contained no platelets greater than 13 fl in either species. Cohort labelling with [75Se]selenomethionine showed no indication of significant change in platelet buoyant density with ageing; greater specific activity found in young, dense platelets appears to be related to increased protein synthetic activity shown in vitro and likely to occur also in their precursor megakaryocytes.It is postulated that dense, intermediate and light platelets are released synchronously by the three different ploidy classes of megakaryocyte, that varying density indicates differing structural characteristics and presumably differences in function. The present findings do not deny the possibility that platelets decrease in size with ageing but if such occurs, it is not associated with a significant change in platelet buoyant density.
Solubilization, Partial Purification and Radioassay for the Intrinsic Factor Receptor from the Ileal Mucosa
Authors: COTTER R. , ROTHENBERG S. P. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. A macromolecule which binds intrinsic factor saturated with vitamin B12 has been solubilized from the guinea‐pig ileum by homogenization followed by mechanical disruption without organic solvents or detergents. This intrinsic factor ‘receptor’was further purified by precipitation with 30% saturated ammonium sulphate, centrifugation at 105 000 g, and filtration through Sephadex G‐200. Failure to precipitate the receptor following centrifugation at 105 000 g for 3 h and filtration of the receptor with the included volumes through Sepharose 4B and 6B was evidence that it was solubilized.The purification of the receptor was monitored by a radiometric assay where the intrinsic factor‐[57Co]vitamin‐B12 complex coupled to the solubilized receptor precipitated at 15% sodium sulphate while intrinsic factor‐[57Co]B12 alone remained soluble at this salt concentration. This radioassay also permitted the in vitro study of the interaction of the solubilized receptor and intrinsic factor saturated with [57Co]B12. The receptor did not bind intrinsic factor‐[57Co]B12 below pH 5 while binding was observed topH 9.0. Binding was equivalent at 37° and 25°, but was markedly reduced at 4° and 56° and was destroyed at 100°. The receptor resisted 60 min of digestion by trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase and subtilisin. After 180 min digestion, pronase and subtilisin inactivated 90% and 41% of the receptor respectively, whereas trypsin and chymotrypsin inactivated only 21% and 23%. Trisodium EDTA inhibited the binding of intrinsic factor‐[57 Co]B12 to the receptor and this inhibition could be reversed by the addition of excess Ca2+. Mg2+ and Mn2+ were less effective than Ca2+ for the activity of the receptor. Kinetic analysis of the reaction indicated a maximum velocity of 0.083 nmole IF bound B12/min with a Km of 1.36 x 10‐10 M. The solubilized receptor had a greater affinity for intrinsic factor bound to vitamin B12 than for intrinsic factor free of vitamin B12.The solubilization of this intrinsic factor receptor without chemicals suggests that it is not an integral component of the microvillus membranes hydrophobically bonded to the lipid matrix, but rather a peripheral protein weakly associated with the membrane by non‐covalent interaction.
Factor‐VIII Activity and Antigen, Platelet Count and Biochemical Changes after Adrenoceptor Stimulation
Authors: Ingram G. I. C. , Jones R. Vaughan , Hershgold E. J. , Denson K. W. E. , Perkins J. R. 
Published: March 2008

Adrenaline, isoprenaline and salbutamol were administered by intravenous infusion to human subjects. Isoprenaline was covered with practolol in an attempt to reduce the unpleasantness of the circulatory effects. Changes were recorded in pulse rate and blood pressure, and in blood levels of factors V, VIII, X, XI and XII, platelet count, lactate, pyruvate, potassium and free fatty acids. Factor VIII was studied by clotting assays, by reactions with two rabbit antisera and two human antibodies, and by desulphated agarose chromatography. At the rate at which they were administered, all three drugs increased the pulse rate by 20–40 beats/min. Factor VIII rose c. 2.5 x with adrenaline but only c. 1.5 x with isoprenaline and salbutamol; but other clotting factors did not alter. Chromatography provided no evidence of a change in the size of the molecule carrying factor‐VIII clotting activity. The rate of clearance of the heightened plasma activity could not be shown to differ from that of ‘ordinary’factor VIII infused into haemophiliacs. The platelet count rose after adrenaline, fell after salbutamol and did not change significantly after isoprenaline. Among the biochemical responses, the only significant difference between the drugs was that lactate rose after adrenaline and salbutamol but did not change after isoprenaline.The rise in factor‐VIII clotting activity after adrenaline is considered to represent a real increase in blood concentration, presumably by release of additional factor VIII from stores. The evidence suggests that this could be classified as a β2 effect; and that the quantity which can be released is unrelated to the current plasma level. The rise in platelet count produced by adrenaline may be the resultant of an α‐mediated rise due to contraction of the exchangeable splenic pool and a β2‐mediated fall, the α effect predominating.
Bone Marrow Culture Studies in Refractory Cytopenia and ‘Smouldering Leukaemia’
Authors: Milner Gillian R. , Testa Nydia G. , Geary C. G. , Dexter T. M. , Muldal S. , Maciver J. E. , Lajtha L. G. 
Published: March 2008

As an adjunct to conventional haematological and cytogenetic data, 22 cases of refractory cytopenia, and five with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia, (CMML) were studied by bone marrow culture.Cultures from 11 such patients without an excess of marrow myeloblasts usually showed low, or undetectable, numbers of cells capable of giving rise to colonies of granulocytes and/or macrophages (CFUC) but near‐normal numbers of cluster‐forming cells and cells capable of forming erythroid colonies (CFUE).Those with similar blood pictures, but in whom the marrow contained a slight excess of myeloblasts (11 cases), showed a more profound defect in growth patterns: low or undetectable numbers of CFUC, clusters and CFUE, results similar to those found in acute myeloblastic leukaemia, into which three of this group evolved. The patients with CMML gave comparatively normal CFUC, cluster and CFUE growth patterns.
Analysis of Treatment in Childhood Leukaemia
Authors: Waller C. A. , Maclennan I. C. M. , Campbell A. C. , Festenstein M. , Kay H. E. M. ,   and the Medical Research Council's Working Party on Leukaemia in Childhood
Published: March 2008

Lymphopenia induced by treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is analysed and discussed in relation to the type and incidence of infection occurring in those patients during complete remission.Blood lymphocytes can be placed into three largely independent groups: (1) those lymphocytes susceptible to long‐term depletion following irradiation; (2) those lost from the blood during and for a short period after maintenance chemotherapy with methotrexate and 6‐mercaptopurine; and (3) the remainder which are not depleted by irradiation or maintenance chemotherapy.The number of cells in each compartment varies from child to child and probably with age but on average is about 1.2 × 109/1. for group 1, 0.7 × 109/1. for group 2 and 0.4 x 109/1. for group 3. Conventional lymphocyte typing crosses these barriers in that: Group 1 consists mainly of E‐rosetting cells and cells which show a mitotic response to phytohaemagglutinin; Group 2 also contains E‐rosetting cells but contains a major proportion of blood lymphocytes with surface immunoglobulin and essentially all antibody dependent cytotoxic lymphocyte (K‐cell) activity; Group 3 comprises E‐rosetting cells and a few immunoglobulin‐staining cells.