bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New GABAergic Interneurons Supported by Myelin-Specific T Cells Are Formed in Intact Adult Spinal Cord
Authors: Shechter Ravid , Ziv Yaniv , Schwartz Michal 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells are known to exist in the intact spinal cord, but the presence of newly formed neurons during adulthood has not been documented there to date. Here, we report the appearance of newly formed neurons under normal physiological conditions. These neurons are immature, express a GABAergic phenotype, and are primarily located in the dorsal part of the spinal cord. This localization appeared to be mediated by stromal-derived factor-1/CXC-chemokine receptor-4 signaling in the dorsal region. The extent of spinal cord neurogenesis was found to be greatly influenced by immune system integrity and in particular by myelin-specific T cells. These observations provide evidence for in vivo spinal cord neurogenesis under nonpathological conditions and introduce novel mechanisms regulating adult spinal cord plasticity.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Cardiorespiratory effects and efficacy of morphine sulfate in winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)
Authors: Newby Nathalie C. , Gamperl A. Kurt , Stevens E. Don 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To assess the cardiorespiratory effects of morphine sulfate and evaluate whether morphine blocks cardiac responses to a noxious stimulus in winter flounder.
Animals—42 winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) that were acclimated at 10°C.
Procedures—Each fish was fitted with a Doppler flow probe around the ventral aorta; cannulae were placed for injection of drug or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution and assessments of respiration. Selected cardiorespiratory variables were measured in morphine-injected (40 mg/kg, IP [n = 18] or 17 mg/kg, IV [2]) or saline solution–injected (1.6 mL [22]) fish at various intervals. Heart rate and cardiac output (CO) were also measured in flounder that were injected with saline solution (n = 19) or morphine (10) and received a noxious or innocuous stimulus (injection of 5% acetic acid or saline solution SC into a cheek) 50 minutes later.
Results—Morphine administration promptly induced marked bradycardia (and a concomitant reduction in CO), followed by prolonged (> 48 hours) increases in CO and heart rate. Morphine injection only transiently affected respiratory rate. Application of a noxious stimulus to control flounder resulted in a significant (10%) but transient (< 5 minutes' duration) increase in CO, which was completely blocked by prior administration of morphine.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although morphine blocked the response to a noxious stimulus in fish, its cardiovascular effects might preclude its use in many research situations. Investigation of the dose dependency of these cardiovascular effects and their interspecific variation is required to determine the applicability of morphine for use in fish.
In vitro comparison of the effects of two forms of hydroxyethyl starch solutions on platelet function in dogs
Authors: Wierenga Janelle R. , Jandrey Karl E. , Haskins Steve C. , Tablin Fern 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effect of 2 hydroxyethyl starch (HES) preparations (ie, HES solution with a molecular weight of 600 kd and a degree of substitution of 0.7 [HES 600/0.7] and a calcium-containing polyionic HES solution with a molecular weight of 670 kd and a degree of substitution of 0.75 [HES 670/0.75]) on canine platelet function.
Sample Population—Blood samples from 10 healthy adult dogs.
Procedures—Dilution of citrated whole blood was performed with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, HES 600/0.7, and HES 670/0.75 at ratios of 1:9 (ie, 1 part saline solution or colloid to 9 parts whole blood) and 1:3. Measurements of time to platelet plug formation in a capillary tube (ie, closure time) were made by use of a bench-top platelet function analyzer with collagen and ADP platelet agonists.
Results—Mean baseline closure time was 68.0 ± 15.3 seconds. A 1:3 dilution of whole blood with saline solution, HES 600/0.7, and HES 670/0.75 resulted in mean closure times of 85.8 ± 15.7 seconds, 100.6 ± 18.6 seconds, and 101.6 ± 16.2 seconds, respectively. Closure time following 1:3 dilution of whole blood with saline solution was significantly different from baseline and from 1:9 dilution with saline solution. Closure time following 1:3 dilution of whole blood with HES 670/0.75 was significantly different from baseline, 1:3 and 1:9 dilutions with saline solution, and 1:9 dilutions with HES 600/0.7 or HES 670/0.75.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Saline solution, HES 600/0.7, and HES 670/0.75 affect canine platelet function by prolonging closure times; HES solutions prolonged closure time to a greater extent than saline solution.
Effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor meloxicam on recovery of ischemia-injured equine jejunum
Authors: Little Dianne , Brown S. Aubrey , Campbell Nigel B. , Moeser Adam J. , Davis Jennifer L. , Blikslager Anthony T. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of meloxicam and flunixin meglumine on recovery of ischemia-injured equine jejunum.
Animals—18 horses.
Procedures—Horses received butorphanol tartrate; were treated IV with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (SS; 12 mL; n = 6), flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg; 6), or meloxicam (0.6 mg/kg; 6) 1 hour before ischemia was induced for 2 hours in a portion of jejunum; and were allowed to recover for 18 hours. Flunixin and SS treatments were repeated after 12 hours; all 3 treatments were administered immediately prior to euthanasia. Selected clinical variables, postoperative pain scores, and meloxicam pharmacokinetic data were evaluated. After euthanasia, assessment of epithelial barrier function, histologic evaluation, and western blot analysis of ischemia-injured and control jejunal mucosa samples from the 3 groups were performed.
Results—Meloxicam- or flunixin-treated horses had improved postoperative pain scores and clinical variables, compared with SS-treated horses. Recovery of transepithelial barrier function in ischemia-injured jejunum was inhibited by flunixin but permitted similarly by meloxicam and SS treatments. Eighteen hours after cessation of ischemia, numbers of neutrophils in ischemia-injured tissue were higher in horses treated with meloxicam or flu-nixin than SS. Plasma meloxicam concentrations were similar to those reported previously, but clearance was slower. Changes in expression of proteins associated with inflammatory responses to ischemic injury and with different drug treatments occurred, suggesting cy-clooxygenase-independent effects.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although further assessment is needed, these data have suggested that IV administration of meloxicam may be a useful alternative to flunixin meglumine for postoperative treatment of horses with colic.
Prevalence of feline herpesvirus 1, Chlamydophila felis, and Mycoplasma spp DNA in conjunctival cells collected from cats with and without conjunctivitis
Authors: Low Heather C. , Powell Cynthia C. , Veir Julia K. , Hawley Jennifer R. , Lappin Michael R. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To use PCR assays to determine the prevalence of feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), Chlamydophila felis, and Mycoplasma spp DNA in conjunctival cells collected from cats with and without conjunctivitis; to compare results of conventional and real-time fluorogenic PCR assays for amplification of FHV-1 DNA; and to determine whether copy numbers of FHV-1 DNA are correlated with conjunctivitis.
Animals—55 cats with active conjunctivitis, 39 healthy cats that never had conjunctivitis, and 32 cats with a history of conjunctivitis that had been resolved for at least 3 months.
Procedures—Samples were obtained by rolling cotton-tipped applicators on the ventral conjunctiva of awake cats treated topically with proparacaine. The DNA was extracted from the swab specimens and assessed in PCR assays to detect DNA of FHV-1 (fluorogenic PCR assay and conventional PCR assay), Mycoplasma spp (conventional PCR assay), and C felis (conventional PCR assay).
Results—Overall prevalence rates of FHV-1, C felis, and Mycoplasma spp as assessed by the conventional PCR assays were 6.7%, 3.2%, and 9.6%, respectively. Percentage concordance between conventional PCR and fluorogenic PCR assays for FHV-1 was 92.5%. There were no significant differences among the 3 groups of cats for the mean copy number of FHV-1 divided by the copy number of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Mycoplasma spp were the most prevalent organism detected and was associated with conjunctivitis. This study could not confirm that there are increased copy numbers of FHV-1 DNA in cats with conjunctivitis, compared with the copy numbers for cats without conjunctivitis.
Evaluation of activation of protein kinase C during agonist-induced constriction of veins isolated from the laminar dermis of horses
Authors: Robertson Tom P. , Moore James N. , Noschka Erik , Lewis Tristan H. , Lewis Stephen J. , Peroni John F. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, Ro-31-8220, on agonist-induced constriction of laminar arteries and veins obtained from horses.
Sample Population—Laminar arteries and veins obtained from 8 adult mixed-breed horses.
Procedures—Laminar arteries and veins were isolated and mounted on small vessel myographs for the measurement of isometric tension. Concentration-response curves were then obtained for the vasoconstrictor agonists phenylephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, prostaglandin F2α, and endothelin-1. All responses were measured with or without the addition of Ro-31-8220 (3μM).
Results—Laminar veins were more sensitive to vasoconstrictor agonists than laminar arteries, and incubation of laminar veins with Ro-31-8220 resulted in significantly smaller agonist-induced contractile responses for all agonists tested. In contrast, Ro-31-8220 had no effect on agonist-induced contractile responses of laminar arteries.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of the study were consistent with activation of PKC being confined to agonist-induced contraction of laminar veins isolated from the laminar dermis of horses. Consequently, the possible involvement of PKC in the venoconstriction observed during the development of laminitis is worthy of further investigation.
Evaluation of clinical status, renal function, and hematopoietic variables after unilateral nephrectomy in canine kidney donors
Authors: Urie Bridget K. , Tillson D. Michael , Smith Christopher M. , Brawner William R. , Almond Gregory T. , Beard Debra M. , Lenz Stephen D. , Lothrop Clinton D. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine clinical status and renal and hematopoietic function after kidney donation and identify risks associated with kidney donation in dogs.
Design—Prospective study.
Animals—14 dogs that underwent unilateral nephrectomy for kidney donation.
Procedures—Records were reviewed retrospectively to collect data regarding prenephrectomy clinicopathologic variables. Dogs were reexamined prospectively at various times after nephrectomy, and pre- and postnephrectomy CBC, serum biochemical analyses, urinalysis, and urine protein-to-urine creatinine ratio were compared. Six dogs had postnephrectomy renal volume determined ultrasonographically, and 4 of those dogs also underwent scintigraphic determination of glomerular filtration rate and renal biopsy.
Results—All dogs were clinically normal at the time of reevaluation. There were no significant differences between prenephrectomy and postnephrectomy values for BUN concentration or urine specific gravity. Mean postnephrectomy serum creatinine concentration was significantly greater than prenephrectomy concentration. Mean serum phosphorus concentration was significantly decreased after nephrectomy, and mean Hct, corpuscular volume, and corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly increased after nephrectomy. Postnephrectomy renal volume was greatest in dogs < 12 months old at the time of surgery. Mean postnephrectomy glomerular filtration rate was 2.82 ± 1.12 mL/kg/ min (1.28 ± 0.51 mL/lb/min). Renal biopsy specimens obtained during and after nephrectomy were histologically normal.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Renal and hematopoietic variables were within reference ranges in dogs examined up to 2.5 years after unilateral nephrectomy. Compensatory renal hypertrophy was greatest in dogs < 1 year of age at donation. Donor age, along with histocompatability, may be an important factor in selecting dogs for kidney donation.
Prevalence of serum antibodies against six Leptospira serovars in healthy dogs
Authors: Stokes Jennifer E. , Kaneene John B. , Schall William D. , Kruger John M. , Miller RoseAnn , Kaiser Lana , Bolin Carole A. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the prevalence of antibodies against 6 Leptospira serovars and determine risk factors associated with positive Leptospira titers in healthy client-owned dogs in Michigan.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Animals—1,241 healthy dogs at least 4 months of age.
Procedures—Dogs were examined by veterinarians at private practices. Vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs were enrolled in the study, which occurred prior to the availability of a 4-serovar (Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona) Leptospira vaccine. Sera were tested by use of the microscopic agglutination test to determine antibody titers against Leptospira serovars Bratislava, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Hardjo, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic information about each dog to identify risk factors associated with seropositive status.
Results—309 of 1,241 (24.9%) dogs had antibody titers against at least 1 of the 6 Leptospira serovars, which suggested exposure to Leptospira spp. Prevalence of antibodies was highest to serovar Grippotyphosa, followed by Bratislava, Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona. Age, travel outside Michigan, exercise outside fenced yards, and exposure to livestock and wildlife were significant risk factors for positive titers.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Among healthy dogs from the lower peninsula of Michigan, > 20% have antibodies against leptospiral serovars historically considered uncommon but more recently incriminated as causing clinical canine leptospirosis. Wildlife and livestock may be of increasing importance as reservoirs for canine leptospirosis as urbanization continues to occur. Expanded vaccination strategies may partially mitigate these trends.
Use of vacuum-assisted closure for management of a large skin wound in a cat
Authors: Guille April E. , Tseng Laura W. , Orsher Robert J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Case Description—A 9-month-old domestic shorthair cat was evaluated after being struck by a car.
Clinical Findings—The cat had a fractured tibia and avulsion of the tail base. Motor and deep pain sensation were absent from the tail. The fractured tibia was repaired 2 days after the trauma. On the third day, the cat developed tachypnea, dyspnea, high serum urea nitrogen and total bilirubin concentrations, epistaxis, persistent hypotension, and oliguria. The cat recovered with supportive care but developed extensive necrosis of the skin on the dorsum by 9 days after the initial trauma.
Treatment and Outcome—The skin was debrided from the caudal portion of the scapula to the anus and down each pelvic limb to the level of the distal portion of the femur. The tail was amputated. Wet-to-dry bandages were applied to the wound for 3 days. Approximately 50% of the wound underwent delayed primary closure, and the remainder was managed with vacuum-assisted closure. A healthy granulation bed was quickly established. Vacuum-assisted closure was also applied after graft application. Graft acceptance was 100%, and use of the vacuum-assisted closure bandage was not associated with the complications associated with the traditional bandage.
Clinical Relevance—Vacuum-assisted closure is a useful, easily applicable technique for open and grafted wounds, even when wounds are in challenging anatomic locations.
Geometric phase for degenerate states of spin-1 and spin-1/2 pair
Authors: Zhu Guo-Qiang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe geometric phase of a bi-particle model is discussed. One can drive the system to evolve by applying an external magnetic field, thereby controlling the geometric phase. The model has degenerate lowest-energy eigenvectors. The initial state is assumed to be the linear superposition or mixture of the eigenvectors. The relationship between the geometric phase and the structures of the initial state is considered, and the results are extended to a more general model.
Self‐tuning run to run optimization of fed‐batch processes using unfold‐PLS
Authors: Camacho José , Picó Jesús , Ferrer Alberto 
Published: May 2007

AbstractUnfold Partial‐Least Squares (u‐PLS) is a modeling method successfully applied to batch‐process monitoring and end quality prediction. This method is integrated in a self‐tuning optimization algorithm, based on extremum‐seeking control. The optimization is driven by the gradient obtained by means of an adaptive u‐PLS model. Since this is an empirical model, no first‐principles based knowledge of the process is necessary. Heuristic rules are used to constrain the gradient taking into account nonlinearity and unknown causes of variability. Extensions to model the variability in initial conditions, to optimize several performance indices, and to handle inequality constraints are presented. The optimization algorithm is tested on a complex comprehensive simulated‐process model for the fed‐batch cultivation of Sacharomyces cerevisiae. Results show the performance and versatility of the proposed approach, as well as its robustness to process changes. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Prognostic significance of combined analysis of ZAP‐70 and CD38 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: D'Arena Giovanni , Tarnani Michela , Rumi Carlo , Vaisitti Tiziana , Aydin Semra , De Filippi Rosaria , Perrone Francesco , Pinto Antonio , Chiusolo Patrizia , Deaglio Silvia , Malavasi Fabio , Laurenti Luca 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe clinical heterogeneity that characterizes chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) poses critical questions concerning the identification of high risk patients. Unmutated IgVH genes, CD38 and ZAP‐70 expression have emerged as the most useful tools in identifying aggressive CLL. The simultaneous expression of ZAP‐70 and CD38 in 157 patients with CLL has been evaluated. Fifty‐seven patients (36%) were positive for ZAP‐70 and 46 patients (29%) were positive for CD38. Both molecules were highly correlated and predictive of the clinical course of the disease. According to the simultaneous evaluation of ZAP‐70 and CD38, patients were divided into three groups. In 81 patients (52%), there was a negative concordance of both molecules (ZAP‐70−/CD38−); in 27 patients (17%) there was a positive concordance (ZAP‐70+/CD38+); in 49 patients (31%) there was a discordant expression (ZAP‐70+/CD38− and ZAP‐70−/CD38+). A comparison of the clinical and laboratory data showed in ZAP‐70+/CD38+ patients a significantly higher bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytosis, lower hemoglobin levels, more advanced clinical stage, and higher number of unmutated IgVH status with respect to the other two groups. Furthermore, ZAP‐70+/CD38+ patients displayed a much shorter treatment‐free interval (median 12 months vs 42 months in discordant patients and not reached in ZAP‐70−CD38− patients). These results prove that the concomitant evaluation of ZAP‐70 and CD38 expression allows the separation of CLL patients in prognostic subgroups and suggest that their simultaneous assessment should become an integral component of the CLL diagnostic grid. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic thrombopoietin overexpression induces mesangioproliferative glomerulopathy in mice
Authors: Shimoda Haruko K. , Yamamoto Masahiro , Shide Kotaro , Kamezaki Kenjirou , Matsuda Tadashi , Ogawa Katsuhiro , Harada Mine , Shimoda Kazuya 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe previously reported that mice transgenic (Tg) for thrombopoietin (TPO) developed progressive fibrosis and osteosclerosis of the bone marrow. Here, we show that TPO‐overexpressing mice also exhibited notable histological changes in the kidneys, including an increased number of mesangial cells, expansion of the mesangial matrix in the glomerulus, and atrophy of the renal tubuli. Plasma transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB, which could induce mesangioproliferative responses in glomeruli, were both elevated in TPO Tg mice, even though TPO itself has no effect on mesangial cells due to their lack of c‐Mpl. The mesangial proliferative change in TPO Tg mice was thought to be induced by the elevation of these cytokines. In conclusion, our finding that TPO‐overexpressing mice developed mesangioproliferative glomerulopathy might represent an undesirable effect of chronically elevated TPO in vivo, which should be taken into consideration before new TPO‐like growth factors become available in clinical practice. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sex differences in young adulthood metabolic syndrome and physical activity: The Fels longitudinal study
Authors: Remsberg Karen E. , Rogers Nikki L. , Demerath Ellen W. , Czerwinski Stefan A. , Choh Audrey C. , Lee Miryoung , Chumlea W. C. , Sun Shumei S. , Towne Bradford , Siervogel Roger M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective. To evaluate the effects of habitual physical activity (PA) on the metabolic syndrome (MS) in young adult men and women. Research methods and procedures. Cross‐sectional PA data were utilized from 249 women and 237 men, aged 18–40 years in the Fels Longitudinal Study. MS components—abdominal circumference (AC), triglycerides (TG), HDL, blood pressure (BP), and fasting glucose (FG)—were dichotomized according to the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III revised criteria. Leisure, sport, work, and total PA scores were calculated using the Baecke Questionnaire of Habitual Physical Activity. Multiple logistic regression modeling assessed the effects of PA, age, smoking, and BMI on MS status. Results. 26.9% of men and 19.3% of women had MS. For men, MS risk was reduced with increases in both total PA [OR = 0.65 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.90)] and sport PA [OR = 0.40 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.70)]. AC, TG, and HDL values also improved with total and sport PA. Among women, the risk for MS was marginally reduced by total PA [OR = 0.72 (95% CI: 0.50, 1.02)] and HDL levels were increased by both total PA [OR = 0.79 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.98)] and sport PA [OR = 0.54 (95% CI: 0.35, 0.84)]. Discussion. Increased total and sport PA reduces risk for the MS in young men, though not as clearly in young women. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 19:544–550, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the robustness of the h‐index
Authors: Vanclay Jerome K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe h‐index (Hirsch, 2005) is robust, remaining relatively unaffected by errors in the long tails of the citations‐rank distribution, such as typographic errors that short‐change frequently cited articles and create bogus additional records. This robustness, and the ease with which h‐indices can be verified, support the use of a Hirsch‐type index over alternatives such as the journal impact factor. These merits of the h‐index apply both to individuals and to journals.