bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portuguese version of the Delirium Rating Scale‐Revised‐98: reliability and validity
Authors: Negreiros Daniel Philippi de , Meleiro Alexandrina Maria Augusto da Silva , Furlanetto Letícia M. , Trzepacz Paula T. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the validity and the reliability of the Portuguese version of the Delirium Rating Scale‐Revised‐98 (DRS‐R‐98).MethodsThe scale was translated into Portuguese and back‐translated into English. After assessing its face validity, five diagnostic groups (n = 64; delirium, depression, dementia, schizophrenia and others) were evaluated by two independent researchers blinded to the diagnosis. Diagnosis and severity of delirium as measured by the DRS‐R‐98 were compared to clinical diagnosis, Mini‐Mental State Exam, Confusion Assessment Method, and Clinical Global Impressions scale (CGI).ResultsMean and median DRS‐R‐98 total scores significantly distinguished delirium from the other groups (p < 0.001). Inter‐rater reliability (ICC between 0.9 and 1) and internal consistency (α = 0.91) were very high. DRS‐R‐98 severity scores correlated highly with the CGI. Mean DRS‐R‐98 severity scores during delirium differed significantly (p < 0.01) from the post‐treatment values. The area under the curve established by ROC analysis was 0.99 and using the cut‐off value of 20 the scale showed sensitivity and specificity of 92.6% and 94.6%, respectively.ConclusionThe Portuguese version of the DRS‐R‐98 is a valid and reliable measure of delirium that distinguishes delirium from other disorders and is sensitive to change in delirium severity, which may be of great value for longitudinal studies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TC‐tuned biocompatible suspension of La0.73Sr0.27MnO3 for magnetic hyperthermia
Authors: Prasad N. K. , Rathinasamy K. , Panda D. , Bahadur D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLa1−xSrxMnO3, a ferromagnet with high magnetization and Curie temperature TC below 70°C, enables its use for magnetic hyperthermia treatment of cancer with a possibility of in vivo temperature control. We found that La0.73Sr0.27MnO3 particles of size range 20–100 nm showed saturation magnetization around 38 emu/g at 20 kOe and a TC value of 45°C. Aqueous suspension of these nanoparticles was prepared using a polymer, acrypol 934, and the biocompatibility of the suspension was examined using HeLa cells. A good heating ability of the magnetic suspension was obtained in the presence of AC magnetic field, and it was found to increase with the amplitude of field. The suspension having concentration of 0.66 mg/mL (e.g., 0.66 mg of nanoparticles with acropyl per milliliter of culture media) was observed to be biocompatible even after 96 h of treatment, as estimated by sulforhodamine B and trypan blue dye exclusion assays. Further, the treatment with the aforementioned concentration did not alter the microtubule cytoskeleton or the nucleus of the cells. However, the bare particles (concentration of 0.66 mg of nanoparticles per milliliter of culture media, but without acropyl) decreased the viability of cell significantly. Our in vitro studies suggest that the suspension (concentration of 0.66 mg/mL) may further be analyzed for in vivo studies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
FACTS: Fast analytical continuum treatment of solvation
Authors: Haberthür Urs , Caflisch Amedeo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAn efficient method for calculating the free energy of solvation of a (macro)molecule embedded in a continuum solvent is presented. It is based on the fully analytical evaluation of the volume and spatial symmetry of the solvent that is displaced from around a solute atom by its neighboring atoms. The two measures of solvent displacement are combined in empirical equations to approximate the atomic (or self) electrostatic solvation energy and the solvent accessible surface area. The former directly yields the effective Born radius, which is used in the generalized Born (GB) formula to calculate the solvent‐screened electrostatic interaction energy. A comparison with finite‐difference Poisson data shows that atomic solvation energies, pair interaction energies, and their sums are evaluated with a precision comparable to the most accurate GB implementations. Furthermore, solvation energies of a large set of protein conformations have an error of only 1.5%. The solvent accessible surface area is used to approximate the nonpolar contribution to solvation. The empirical approach, called FACTS (Fast Analytical Continuum Treatment of Solvation), is only four times slower than using the vacuum energy in molecular dynamics simulations of proteins. Notably, the folded state of structured peptides and proteins is stable at room temperature in 100‐ns molecular dynamics simulations using FACTS and the CHARMM force field. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Manager–worker‐based model for the parallelization of quantum Monte Carlo on heterogeneous and homogeneous networks
Authors: Feldmann Michael T. , Cummings Julian C. , Kent David R. , Muller Richard P. , Goddard William A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA manager–worker‐based parallelization algorithm for Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC‐MW) is presented and compared with the pure iterative parallelization algorithm, which is in common use. The new manager–worker algorithm performs automatic load balancing, allowing it to perform near the theoretical maximal speed even on heterogeneous parallel computers. Furthermore, the new algorithm performs as well as the pure iterative algorithm on homogeneous parallel computers. When combined with the dynamic distributable decorrelation algorithm (DDDA) [Feldmann et al., J Comput Chem 28, 2309 (2007)], the new manager–worker algorithm allows QMC calculations to be terminated at a prespecified level of convergence rather than upon a prespecified number of steps (the common practice). This allows a guaranteed level of precision at the least cost. Additionally, we show (by both analytic derivation and experimental verification) that standard QMC implementations are not “perfectly parallel” as is often claimed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
An eco‐efficient rationalized leather process
Authors: Saravanabhavan Subramani , Raghava Rao Jonnalagadda , Unni Nair Balachandran , Ramasami Thirumalachari 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: The leather industry is under pressure to develop environmentally efficient leather‐making processes to comply with modern pollution and discharge legislation. Conventional leather‐processing methods are known to contribute significant pollution loads in tannery wastewaters. The rationalized process described here involves a salt‐free curing, lime and sulfide‐free beamhouse process and post‐tanning followed by tanning employing a reverse leather‐processing technique.RESULTS: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis substantiated that the grain surface, fibre separation and tight packing of fibres are similar for leathers from conventional and rationalized processes. The functional performance of the leathers is found to be on par with that of conventionally processed leathers. The rationalized leather process reduces the usage and discharge of chemicals by 68% and 82%, respectively. It also enjoys the reduction in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand, Cl−, SO42− and total solids loads by 58%, 62%, 95%, 66% and 85%, respectively. The rationalized process also results in reduction of water consumption and discharge and energy by 37%, 37% and 38%, respectively.CONCLUSION: The rationalized process utilizes resources efficiently with reduced environmental impact without compromising leather qualities and can be seen as being eco‐efficient compared to the conventional leather process. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Hybrid drift‐diffusion–TLM analysis of high‐speed and high‐output UTC traveling‐wave photodetectors
Authors: Pasalic Damir , Vahldieck Rüdiger 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe scope of the hybrid drift‐diffusion (DD)–TLM method is extended to include the analysis of unitraveling‐carrier (UTC) photodetectors. The extended method takes into account the overshoot velocity at which electrons in the collector of an UTC photodiode drift. The method is used for large and small signal analysis of the UTC traveling‐wave photodetector (TWPD) and near‐ballistic (NB) UTC TWPD. It is shown that there is a trade‐off between the UTC TWPD's bandwidth and saturation current that has to be considered in the design. A higher bias voltage reduces the bandwidth, but also increases the saturation current of the photodetector. The presented UTC TWPD has bandwidths of 110 and 83 GHz and saturation currents of 15 and 30 mA under 1 and 5 V biases, respectively. To improve the performance under high bias voltage, the NB‐UTC TWPD is investigated. A maximum RF power of 6.5 dBm was obtained at 110 GHz under 5 V bias voltage. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypoalgesia in mice lacking GABA transporter subtype 1
Authors: Xu Yin Fang , Cai You Qing , Cai Guo Qiang , Jiang Jie , Sheng Zhe Jing , Wang Zhu Gang , Fei Jian 
Published: October 2007

Abstractγ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporters play a key role in the regulation of GABA neurotransmission. We reported previously that overexpression of the GABA transporter subtype 1 (GAT1), the major form of the GABA transporter in the CNS, led to hyperalgesia in mice. In the present study, nociceptive responses of GAT1‐knockout mice (GAT1−/−) were compared with those of heterozygous (GAT+/−) and wild‐type (GAT+/+) mice by four conventional pain models (tail‐immersion test, hot‐plate test, acetic acid–induced abdominal constriction test, and formalin test). In addition, the analgesic effects of two GAT1‐selective inhibitors, NO‐711 and tiagabine, were examined in all three genotypes using the same four models. Our data demonstrated that GAT1 deficiency because of genetic knockout or acute blockade by selective inhibitors leads to hypoalgesia in mice. These results confirmed the crucial role of GAT1 in the regulation of nociceptive threshold and suggested that GAT1 inhibitors have the potential for clinical use in pain therapy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear factor‐κB decoy amelioration of spinal cord injury‐induced inflammation and behavior outcomes
Authors: Rafati Danny Salah , Geissler Katja , Johnson Kathia , Unabia Geda , Hulsebosch Claire , Nesic‐Taylor Olivera , Perez‐Polo J. Regino 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) results in a pathophysiology characterized by multiple locomotor and sensory deficits, resulting in altered nociception and hyperalgesia. SCI triggers an early and prolonged inflammatory response, with increased interleukin‐1β levels. Transient changes are observed in subunit populations of the transcription factor nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB). There were decreases in neuronal c‐Rel levels and inverse increases in p65 and p50 levels. There were no changes in neuronal p52 or RelB subunits after SCI at any time point tested. Similarly, SCI had no effect on oligodendroglial levels of any NF‐κB subunit. There were significant early increases in COX‐2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA and protein levels after SCI. We used synthetic double‐stranded “decoy” deoxyoligonucleotides containing selective NF‐κB protein dimer binding consensus sequences. Decoys targeting the p65/p50 binding site on the COX‐2 promoter decreased SCI‐induced cell losses, NF‐κB p65/p50 DNA‐binding activity, and COX‐2 and iNOS protein levels. NF‐κB p65/p50 targeted decoys improved early locomotor recovery after moderate but not severe SCI, yet ameliorated SCI‐induced hypersensitization after both moderate and severe SCI. To determine whether changes in GABA activity played a role in decreased hypersensitivity after SCI and p65/p50 targeted decoy, we counted γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐containing neurons in laminae 1–3. There were significantly more GABAergic neurons in the p65/p50 targeted decoy‐treated group at the level of injury. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Region‐specific differentiation of embryonic stem cell‐derived neural progenitor transplants into the adult mouse hippocampus following seizures
Authors: Carpentino Joseph E. , Hartman Nathaniel W. , Grabel Laura B. , Naegele Janice R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractEmbryonic stem (ES) cells can generate neural progenitors and neurons in vitro and incorporate into the adult central nervous system (CNS) following transplantation, suggesting their therapeutic potential for treating neurological disorders. However, our understanding of the conditions that direct ES‐derived neural progenitor (ESNP) migration and differentiation within different regions of the adult CNS is incomplete. Rodents treated with the chemoconvulsant kainic acid (KA) experience seizures and display hippocampal sclerosis, as well as enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis, similar to pathological findings in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). To examine the potential for ESNPs to incorporate into the adult hippocampus and differentiate into hippocampal neurons or glia following seizure‐induced damage, we compared the fates of ESNPs after they were transplanted into the CA3 region or fimbria 1 week following KA‐induced seizures. After 4–8 weeks, ESNPs grafted into the CA3 region had migrated to the dentate gyrus (DG), where a small subset adopted neural stem cell fates and continued to proliferate, based on bromodeoxyuridine uptake. Others differentiated into neuroblasts or dentate granule neurons. In contrast, most ESNPs transplanted into the fimbria migrated extensively along existing fiber tracts and differentiated into oligodendrocytes or astrocytes. Hippocampal grafts in mice not subjected to seizures displayed a marked tendency to form tumors, and this effect was more pronounced in the DG than in the fimbria. Taken together, these data suggest that seizures induce molecular changes in the CA3 region and DG that promote region‐specific neural differentiation and suppress tumor formation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dephosphorylation of Akt in C6 cells grown in serum‐free conditions corresponds with redistribution of p85/PI3K to the nucleus
Authors: Sephton C. F. , Mousseau D. D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWithdrawal of serum from cell cultures constitutes a useful model for the study of mechanisms involved in the regulation of Akt function in vitro. However, there have been several reports of changes in Akt activity that are not fully explained by the current model of phosphatidylinositol 3′‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. We demonstrate the expected loss of Akt phosphorylation in C6 glioma cells cultured in serum‐free conditions, yet we also observed a paradoxical increase in PI3K–lipid kinase activity in the same cultures. These events corresponded with relocalization of p85, the regulatory subunit of PI3K, to the perinuclear region and a local increase in PI3K‐lipid kinase products. Treatment with platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) maintained the association between p85 and the PDGF receptor during serum withdrawal and restored PI3K‐lipid production at the plasma membrane. Although this protected Akt from dephosphorylation, it only slightly reversed cell‐cycle arrest. These effects were not sensitive to treatment with epidermal growth factor, thus precluding a generalized role for growth factors. Our data suggest that loss of growth factor signaling, including PDGF signaling, may disrupt recruitment and/or anchoring of an active p85(PI3K) complex at the plasma membrane during serum withdrawal, which could account for the concurrent loss of Akt function. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
cAMP‐dependent regulation of spinesin/TMPRSS5 gene expression in astrocytes
Authors: Yamaguchi Tatsuyuki , Watanabe Yoshihisa , Tanaka Masaki , Nakagawa Masanori , Yamaguchi Nozomi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSpinesin/TMPRSS5 is a mosaic type serine protease that is predominantly expressed in the spinal cord. To identify the mechanism of spinesin expression, we investigated its expression in vivo and in vitro using several cell lines. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analyses revealed that mouse spinesin (m‐spinesin) was abundantly expressed in white matter astrocytes. Similarly, we confirmed abundant expression of m‐spinesin in astrocyte cell lines. Then, we analyzed the expression of variant forms of m‐spinesin in these cell lines. Interestingly, a transmembrane type (type 4) variant was expressed in neuroblastoma and astrocyte cell lines, whereas a cytoplasmic type (type 1) variant was specifically expressed in astrocyte cell lines. Furthermore, expression of both variants was up‐regulated by dibutyryl‐cAMP (dbcAMP) treatment only in astrocyte cell lines. We also analyzed the promoter region of the m‐spinesin gene and revealed that the 5′‐flanking region from base pairs −224 to −188 was essential for cAMP‐dependent regulation of its transcription. These results indicate that m‐spinesin is involved in the function of astrocytes in the spinal cord and that there may be astrocyte‐specific regulation of its gene expression. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ebselen, a redox regulator containing a selenium atom, induces neurofilament M expression in cultured rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells via activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase
Authors: Nishina Atsuyoshi , Sekiguchi Akihiro , He Yuxi , Koketsu Mamoru , Furukawa Shoei 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe found that ebselen [2‐phenyl‐1,2‐benzisoselenazol‐3(2H)‐one] caused phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), followed by expression of neurofilament‐M, a neuron‐specific protein, in cultured PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells. The ebselen‐induced MAPK activation was suppressed by U0126, an inhibitor of MAPK kinase (MEK1/2), but not by K252a, a selective inhibitor of Trk family tyrosine kinases; AG1478, an antagonist of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of Gi/o; or GP antagonist‐2A, an inhibitor of Gq. Furthermore, we observed that N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases, suppressed ebselen‐induced MAPK activation and buthionine sulfoximine, an activator of protein tyrosine phosphatases, enhanced the effect, indicating that ebselen activated MEK1/2 through one or more tyrosine kinases. Based on these results, we propose that ebselen stimulated intracellular tyrosine kinase activity, thus activating a MAPK cascade (tyrosine kinase–MEK1/2–ERK1/2) in PC12 cells and that this activation resulted in their neuronal differentiation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD40‐CD40 ligand interactions in human microglia induce CXCL8 (interleukin‐8) secretion by a mechanism dependent on activation of ERK1/2 and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor‐κB (NFκB) and activator protein‐1 (AP‐1)
Authors: D'Aversa Teresa G. , Eugenin Eliseo A. , Berman Joan W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCXCL8 is a CXC chemokine that recruits leukocytes to sites of inflammation. Expression of CXCL8 in the CNS has been demonstrated in neuroinflammatory diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1) encephalitis, but the mechanism of secretion of this chemokine is not fully understood. CD40 is a 50‐kDa protein on the surface of microglia, and we have previously shown that it is increased in expression in HIV‐1‐infected brain tissue as well as by interferon‐γ (IFNγ) in tissue culture. We examined the expression and regulation of CXCL8 in cultured human fetal microglia after ligation of CD40 with soluble trimeric CD40 ligand (sCD40L) as well as the expression of CXCL8 on microglia in HIV encephalitic brain tissue sections. Treatment of cultured microglia with IFNγ + sCD40L resulted in significant induction of CXCL8. This expression was mediated by activation of the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway, as demonstrated by ELISA and Western blot using a specific inhibitor (U0126). Gel shift analyses demonstrated that NFκB and AP‐1, but not C/EBPβ, mediate microglial CXCL8 production. We also found increased colocalization of CXCL8 with CD68/CD40‐positive cells in HIV encephalitic brain tissue compared with HIV‐infected nonencephalitic and normal tissue. Thus, CD40‐CD40L interactions facilitate chemokine expression, leading to the influx of inflammatory cells into the CNS. These events can lead to the pathology that is associated with neuroinflammatory diseases. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural studies of an acidic polysaccharide of Mesona blumes gum
Authors: Feng Tao , Gu Zhengbiao , Jin Zhengyu 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMesona blumes gum can be isolated into a neutral polysaccharide (NMBG) and an acidic polysaccharide (AMBG). The yield of AMBG can be up to 90% (w/w). AMBG with a molecular weight of 6566 Da is composed of galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose, arabinose, rhamnose and galacturonic acid in the molar ratio 2.66:1:0.37:2.29:12.5:5.99:23.5. Structural features of the purified AMBG were investigated by a combination of chemical and instrumental analysis, such as periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation, and 13C and 1H NMR. It was found that AMBG possessed a (1 → 4)‐α‐galacturonan backbone with some insertions of (1 → 2)‐α‐L‐Rhap residues. The branches of arabinogalactan, arabinan, galactan and xylan were all attached to the backbone via O‐4 of α‐L‐Rhap residues. In addition, some α‐L‐Rhap residues on the backbone terminated with α‐L‐Araf and some O‐6 in galacturonic acid residues were acetylated or methyl esterified. The molecular structure of AMBG at different concentrations was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that AMBG showed spherical lumps at 1 µg mL−1 but an irregular worm‐like shape at 10 µg mL−1, which indicated that the viscosity of AMBG might be caused by its notable molecular aggregation. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of dietary probiotic supplementation on ileal digestibility of nutrients and growth performance in 1‐ to 42‐day‐old broilers
Authors: Li Li‐Li , Hou Zheng‐Ping , Li Tie‐Jun , Wu Guo‐Yao , Huang Rui‐Lin , Tang Zheng‐Ruan , Yang Cheng‐Bo , Gong Joshua , Yu Hai , Kong Xiang‐Feng , Pan Eric , Ruan Zheng , Xhu Wu‐Ying , Deng Ze‐Yuan , Xie Mingrong , Deng Jun , Yin Fu‐Gui , Yin Yu‐Long 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary probiotic supplementation on the ileal digestibilities of nutrients and growth performance in broilers. Two thousand, eight hundred and eighty male broiler chickens at 1 day of age were randomly allotted to eight treatment groups and fed for 6 weeks the maize–soybean meal‐based diets containing 0, 0.2, 0.4 or 0.6% AgiPro A100® (a probiotic) and 0 or 6 ppm flavomycin (an antibiotic). This well‐established antibiotic was used as a positive control for the efficacy of AgiPro A100®. Dietary supplementation with either the probiotic or the antibiotic alone did not affect (P> 0.05) feed intake or average daily gain (ADG) of broilers between days 1 and 42 of life. However, there was a significant antibiotic × probiotic interaction effect (P< 0.05) in increasing ADG during the entire experimental period. Notably, dietary supplementation with the probiotic or the antibiotic consistently improved (P< 0.05) the ileal digestibilities of crude protein and most amino acids in 21‐ and 42‐day‐old chickens. Supplementing the probiotic to broiler diets also improved (P< 0.05) the ileal digestibilities of dry matter, energy, calcium and phosphate in the birds. Collectively, these results indicated that AgiPro A100® is an effective alternative to flavomycin in chicken production. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry