bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable development in a carbon‐conscious world: Quantile regression insights into CO2 emission drivers
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Patel Nikunj 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the face of mounting global concerns over climate change and its far‐reaching consequences, this research paper examines the effect of economic growth, natural resources, energy sources, trade, environment‐related technologies, energy intensity, and environmental tax on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This study employs the Method of Moments Quantile Regression approach with data from 108 countries between 1990 and 2020. The empirical outcomes revealed a positive relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions, following an inverted U‐shaped pattern known as the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Energy intensity and the use of fossil fuels both raise CO₂ emissions, whereas environmental taxes and the generation of renewable energy significantly reduce carbon emissions, especially at higher quantiles. Hence, implementing higher environmental tax levels and promoting cleaner energy sources mitigate pollution. Trade and the development of environment‐related technologies appear to contribute to mitigating CO2 emissions, yet their statistical significance remains inconclusive. The findings emphasize the importance of sustainable development strategies that balance economic growth with environmental protection. Policymakers should prioritize promoting renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, and reassessing environmental tax levels to align with climate change goals.
Windows on the Womb and Guiding Trains of Light: Figuring the Real in Plate XXVI of William Hunter's Anatomy of the Human Gravid Uterus
Authors: Bruce Susan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEschewing the symbolic in favour of commitment to the unmediated replication of exactly that which is actually observed, Hunter's attitude to the images in his Anatomy of the Human Gravid Uterus embraces a juridical ideal of scientific representation: images should tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. Contemporary scholars have questioned this appeal to objectivity, maintaining representation always exists inside culture and arguing gender frequently inflects purportedly neutral scientific vision. I extend that debate via a reading of Plate XXVI, which is frequently misunderstood as representing something completely different to what it actually depicts. Its sequence of images, I argue, chart a narrative of enlightenment wherein folk mythologies of the uterus are subdued by the controlling scientific gaze. I also suggest a previously unrecognised correspondence between Plate XXVI and one of the plaster casts of the dissected bodies preserved in the University of Glasgow's Anatomy Museum.
Association of perioperative transfusion of fresh frozen plasma and outcomes after cardiac surgery
Authors: Hinton Jake V. , Xing Zhongyue , Fletcher Calvin , Perry Luke A. , Karamesinis Alexandra , Shi Jenny , Penny‐Dimri Jahan C. , Ramson Dhruvesh , Coulson Tim G. , Segal Reny , Smith Julian A. , Williams‐Spence Jenni , Weinberg Laurence , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundFresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion is used to manage coagulopathy and bleeding in cardiac surgery patients despite uncertainty about its safety and effectiveness.MethodsWe performed a propensity score matched analysis of the Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons National Cardiac Surgery Database including patients from 39 centres from 2005 to 2018. We investigated the association of perioperative FFP transfusion with mortality and other clinical outcomes.ResultsOf 119,138 eligible patients, we successfully matched 13,131 FFP recipients with 13,131 controls. FFP transfusion was associated with 30‐day mortality (odds ratio (OR), 1.41; 99% CI, 1.17–1.71; p < .0001), but not with long‐term mortality (hazard ratio (HR), 0.92; 99% CI, 0.85–1.00; p = .007, Holm–Bonferroni α = 0.0004). FFP was also associated with return to theatre for bleeding (OR, 1.97; 99% CI, 1.66–2.34; p < .0001), prolonged intubation (OR, 1.15; 99% CI, 1.05–1.26; p < .0001) and increased chest tube drainage (Mean difference (MD) in mL, 131; 99% CI, 120–141; p < .0001). It was also associated with reduced postoperative creatinine levels (MD in g/L, −6.33; 99% CI, −10.28 to −2.38; p < .0001).ConclusionIn a multicentre, propensity score matched analysis, perioperative FFP transfusion was associated with increased 30‐day mortality and had variable associations with secondary clinical outcomes.
The influence of different cement spaces on the marginal gap of lithium disilicate crowns constructed by two scanner and milling unit combinations
Authors: Dudley J , Xu J 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study compared the marginal gaps of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate (LDS) crowns constructed using a contemporary and older scanner/milling unit combination at three different cement spaces.MethodsTwenty‐four undergraduate students prepared a Columbia model lower left first molar for an LDS crown in a simulated environment. From each crown preparation, one LDS crown was constructed using an E4D scanner/E4D milling unit (E4DS/E4DM) and TRIOS 3 scanner/Sirona inLab MC X5 milling unit (TRIO/MCX5) at cement space settings of 50, 100 and 200 μm. Each LDS crown was positioned onto the original crown preparation, and then a stereomicroscope was used to make three vertical marginal gap measurements at four locations (mid‐buccal, mid‐lingual, mid‐mesial and mid‐distal). The mean marginal gap (MMG) was calculated for each crown and each individual tooth surface.ResultsThe MMGs of CAD/CAM LDS crowns constructed by TRIO/MCX5 were 72.31 at 50, 63.73 at 100 μm and 46.23 μm at 200 μm, which were smaller than E4DS/E4DM at each cement space.ConclusionsIncreasing the cement space decreased the MMG in both scanner/milling unit combinations. The smallest MMG was found using the newer scanner/milling unit at the 200 μm cement space. © 2024 Australian Dental Association.
Analysis of the sonographic predictors of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy in symptomatic cholelithiasis
Authors: Badawy Amr , Samer Bessa , Sabra Tarek 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is one of the most common laparoscopic procedures performed by young surgeons nowadays. Sometimes, LC could be challenging, especially for junior surgeons leading to serious complications. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the preoperative ultrasonographic features that could predict difficult LC.MethodsIn this prospective study, patients (n = 204) who underwent LC for symptomatic cholelithiasis from January 2020 to August 2022 were included. Preoperative parameters, including the ultrasonographic findings, were evaluated for their ability to predict difficult LC.ResultsThe difficulty of LC was evaluated using two intraoperative scores. Among the ultrasonic parameters that were assessed preoperatively, thickened gallbladder (GB) wall, contracted GB, and impacted stone in the GB neck were associated with difficult LC. However, an impacted stone in the GB neck was the only independent predictor of difficult LC according to both difficulty scores in the multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] = 7.56, p = .001; OR = 8.42, p = .001).ConclusionsThe impacted stone in the GB neck is an ultrasonographic sign of difficult LC. It should alert the surgeon for a more appropriate preoperative preparation, and the patient should be informed about the increased risk of complications, including conversion to open cholecystectomy.
Protocol of a randomised, controlled trial comparing immediate curative therapy with conservative treatment in men aged ≥75 years with non‐metastatic high‐risk prostate cancer (SPCG 19/GRand‐P)
Authors: Löffeler Sven , Bertilsson Helena , Müller Christoph , Aas Kirsti , Haugnes Hege Sagstuen , Aksnessæther Bjørg , Pesonen Maiju , Thon Kristian , Tandstad Torgrim , Murtola Teemu , Poulsen Mads Hvid , Nordstrøm Tobias , Vigmostad Maria Nyre , Ottosson Fredrik , Holmsten Karin , Christiansen Ola , Slaaen Marit , Haug Erik Skaaheim , Storås Anne Holck , Asphaug Lars , Rannikko Antti , Brasso Klaus ,   For the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG) and the Norwegian Get‐Randomized (GRand) Initiative
Published: March 2024

BackgroundOlder men (aged ≥75 years) with high risk, non‐metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) are increasingly treated with curative therapy (surgery or radiotherapy). However, it is unclear if curative therapy prolongs life and improves health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in this age group compared to conservative therapy, which has evolved considerably during the last decade.Study DesignThe Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG) 19/Norwegian Get‐Randomized Research Group‐Prostate (GRand‐P) is a randomised, two‐armed, controlled, multicentre, phase III trial carried out at study centres in Norway, Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.EndpointsThe primary endpoints are overall survival and HRQoL (burden of disease scale, European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC] Elderly Cancer patients). Secondary endpoints are PCa‐specific survival, metastasis‐free survival, role‐functioning scale (EORTC quality of life questionnaire 30‐item core), urinary irritative/obstructive scale (26‐item Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite [EPIC‐26]), bowel scale (EPIC‐26), intervention‐free survival, PCa morbidity, use of secondary and tertiary systemic therapies, mean quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), and mean total healthcare costs.Patients and MethodsA total of 980 men (aged ≥75 years) with non‐metastatic, high‐risk PCa will initially be screened with Geriatric 8 (G8) health status screening tool and Mini‐COG© brief cognitive test. Participants identified by G8 as ‘fit’ or ‘frail’ will be randomised (ratio 1:1) to either immediate curative therapy (radiotherapy or prostatectomy) or conservative therapy (endocrine therapy or observation). Participants who are unable or unwilling to participate in randomisation will be enrolled in a separate observation group. Randomised patients will be followed for 10 years.Trial RegistrationEthics approval has been granted in Norway (457593), Denmark (H‐22051998), Finland (R23043) and Sweden (Dnr 2023‐05296‐01). The trial is registered on Clinicaltrials.org (NCT05448547).
Microglial activation in the lateral amygdala promotes anxiety‐like behaviors in mice with chronic moderate noise exposure
Authors: Peng Xiaoqi , Mao Yunfeng , Liu Yehao , Dai Qian , Tai Yingju , Luo Bin , Liang Yue , Guan Ruirui , Zhou Wenjie , Chen Lin , Zhang Zhi , Shen Guoming , Wang Haitao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term non‐traumatic noise exposure, such as heavy traffic noise, can elicit emotional disorders in humans. However, the underlying neural substrate is still poorly understood.MethodsWe exposed mice to moderate white noise for 28 days to induce anxiety‐like behaviors, measured by open‐field, elevated plus maze, and light–dark box tests. In vivo multi‐electrode recordings in awake mice were used to examine neuronal activity. Chemogenetics were used to silence specific brain regions. Viral tracing, immunofluorescence, and confocal imaging were applied to define the neural circuit and characterize the morphology of microglia.ResultsExposure to moderate noise for 28 days at an 85‐dB sound pressure level resulted in anxiety‐like behaviors in open‐field, elevated plus maze, and light–dark box tests. Viral tracing revealed that fibers projecting from the auditory cortex and auditory thalamus terminate in the lateral amygdala (LA). A noise‐induced increase in spontaneous firing rates of the LA and blockade of noise‐evoked anxiety‐like behaviors by chemogenetic inhibition of LA glutamatergic neurons together confirmed that the LA plays a critical role in noise‐induced anxiety. Noise‐exposed animals were more vulnerable to anxiety induced by acute noise stressors than control mice. In addition to these behavioral abnormalities, ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba‐1)‐positive microglia in the LA underwent corresponding morphological modifications, including reduced process length and branching and increased soma size following noise exposure. Treatment with minocycline to suppress microglia inhibited noise‐associated changes in microglial morphology, neuronal electrophysiological activity, and behavioral changes. Furthermore, microglia‐mediated synaptic phagocytosis favored inhibitory synapses, which can cause an imbalance between excitation and inhibition, leading to anxiety‐like behaviors.ConclusionsOur study identifies LA microglial activation as a critical mediator of noise‐induced anxiety‐like behaviors, leading to neuronal and behavioral changes through selective synapse phagocytosis. Our results highlight the pivotal but previously unrecognized roles of LA microglia in chronic moderate noise‐induced behavioral changes.
Does complete pathological response increase perioperative morbidity risk in rectal cancer?
Authors: Tiang Thomas K. S. , Yeoh Adrian S. S. , Othman Bushra , Mohan Helen M. , Burgess Adele N. , Smart Philip J. , Proud David M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThe optimal management of patients with clinical complete response after neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer is controversial. The aim of this study is to compare the morbidity between patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who have had a pathological complete response (pCR) or not after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) and total mesorectal excision (TME). The study hypothesis was that pCR may impact the surgical complication rate.MethodA retrospective cohort study was conducted of a prospectively maintained database in Australia and New Zealand, the Binational Colorectal Cancer Audit, that identified patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (<15 cm from anal verge) from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2019. Patients were included if they had locally advanced rectal cancer and had undergone NCRT and proceeded to surgical resection.ResultsThere were 4584 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria, 65% being male. The mean age was 63 years and 11% had a pCR (ypT0N0). TME with anastomosis was performed in 67.8% of patients, and the majority of the cohort received long‐course radiotherapy (81.7%). Both major and minor complications were higher in the TME without anastomosis group (17.3% vs. 14.7% and 30.6% vs. 20.8%, respectively), and the 30‐day mortality was 1.31%. In the TME with anastomosis group, pCR did not contribute to higher rates of surgical complications, but male gender (p < 0.0012), age (p < 0.0001), preoperative N stage (p = 0.0092) and American Society of Anesthesologists (ASA) score ≥3 (p < 0.0002) did. In addition, pCR had no significant effect (p = 0.44) but male gender (p = 0.0047) and interval to surgery (p = 0.015) contributed to higher rates of anastomotic leak. In the TME without anastomosis cohort, the only variable that contributed to higher rates of complications was ASA score ≥3 (p = 0.033).ConclusionPatients undergoing TME dissection for rectal cancer following NCRT showed no difference in complications whether they had achieved pCR or not.
‘‘A dream of guru came to me’’: Meanings of dreaming about spiritual teacher for Chinese Indonesian Buddhists
Authors: Khu Stanley , Khumairoh Izmy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBased on an ethnographic study among Chinese Indonesians who practice Tibetan Buddhism, we analyze doctrinal beliefs and meanings associated with the appearance of spiritual teacher in dreams. The most common meanings conveyed in their narratives were the beliefs that Guru‐related dreams signify successful spiritual practice, a prophetic insight into future events, and an encouragement for further endeavor in spiritual practice. For a significant number of them, these meanings centered around the precarious feeling of being perceived as the source of the nation's problem. Analyzing the dynamic of these positive/optimistic meanings and negative/pessimistic feelings with regard to Guru‐related dreams, we conclude that both represent the ongoing negotiation between spirituality and ethnic belonging and are connected to the soteriological project of forging a new ethical self.
Antagonizing roles of SHP1 in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Chen Si , Zhao Huilin , Tian Yue , Wu Qianwen , Zhang Jianhui , Liu Shuzhen , Zhang Ying , Wu Yulong , Li Boqing , Chen Shu , Wang Zhiqiang , Xiao Ruoyu , Ji Xiaofei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSHP1 has been documented as a tumor suppressor and it was thought to play an antagonistic role in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. In this study, the exact mechanism of this antagonistic action was studied.Materials and MethodsAGS, MGC803, and GES‐1 cells were infected with H. pylori, intracellular distribution changes of SHP1 were first detected by immunofluorescence. SHP1 overexpression and knockdown were then constructed in these cells to investigate its antagonistic roles in H. pylori infection. Migration and invasion of infected cells were detected by transwell assay, secretion of IL‐8 was examined via ELISA, the cells with hummingbird‐like alteration were determined by microexamination, and activation of JAK2/STAT3, PI3K/Akt, and ERK pathways were detected by immunoblotting. Mice infection model was established and gastric pathological changes were evaluated. Finally, the SHP1 activator sorafenib was used to analyze the attenuating effect of SHP1 activation on H. pylori pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo.ResultsThe sub‐localization of SHP1 changed after H. pylori infection, specifically that the majority of the cytoplasmic SHP1 was transferred to the cell membrane. SHP1 inhibited H. pylori‐induced activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway, PI3K/Akt pathway, nuclear translocation of NF‐κB, and then reduced EMT, migration, invasion, and IL‐8 secretion. In addition, SHP1 inhibited the formation of CagA‐SHP2 complex by dephosphorylating phosphorylated CagA, reduced ERK phosphorylation and the formation of CagA‐dependent hummingbird‐like cells. In the mice infection model, gastric pathological changes were observed and increased IL‐8 secretion, indicators of cell proliferation and EMT progression were also detected. By activating SHP1 with sorafenib, a significant curative effect against H. pylori infection was obtained in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsSHP1 plays an antagonistic role in H. pylori pathogenesis by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt pathways, NF‐κB nuclear translocation, and CagA phosphorylation, thereby reducing cell EMT, migration, invasion, IL‐8 secretion, and hummingbird‐like changes.
The effect of a training program on adolescents' stress levels and healthy lifestyle behaviors during the Covid‐19 pandemic: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Tar Bolacali Edanur , Kaya Şenol Derya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTopicAdolescence is the period when people adopt healthy lifestyle behaviors and turn them into habits. Healthy lifestyle behaviors are a significant step toward a long and healthy life.PurposeThis study investigated the effect of a training program on adolescents' stress levels and healthy lifestyle behaviors during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis randomized controlled study was conducted between May and July 2021. The sample consisted of 100 adolescents living in a city in the south of Turkey. Participants were randomized into intervention and control groups using block randomization. The intervention group participated in an online (Zoom) training program consisting of two 45 min sessions once a week for 8 weeks. Data were collected using the adolescent stress questionnaire (ASQ) and the adolescent lifestyle profile (ALP).ResultsThe results showed that 73% (n: 73) of the participants had developed hygiene habits since the onset of the pandemic. However, the pandemic negatively affected participants' dietary habits (45%, n: 45), physical activity (70%, n: 70), coping mechanisms (68%, n: 68), sleep patterns (54%, n: 54), Internet/social media/video game addiction (64%, n: 64), and interpersonal relationships (57%, n: 57). The intervention group had a lower mean ASQ posttest score and a higher mean ALP posttest score than the control group. The intervention group had a lower mean ASQ posttest score than their pretest score. The intervention group also had a higher mean ALP posttest score than their pretest score.Conclusions/Implications for PracticeThe training program helped adolescents feel less stress and adopt more healthy lifestyle behaviors. Pediatric nurses should identify risk factors and design and implement appropriate plans to help adolescents go through future pandemics with as little damage as possible. Parents and educators should support adolescents against the adverse impacts of events such as the COVID 19 pandemic.
Prognostic value of inflammation‐related biomarkers in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cui Ling‐Jun , Yu Fu‐Huan , Cheng Zi‐Xuan , Su Fei , Chen Ying‐Ying , Tan Huang‐Ying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHematological indicators of chronic systemic inflammation are significant biomarkers for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP‐NENs). We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the impact of certain factors on the overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and disease‐free survival (DFS) of patients with GEP‐NENs. These factors include the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels. After searching the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from January 1, 2000 to October 20, 2022 and the American Society of Clinical Oncology conference proceedings from January 1, 2017, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify the origins of heterogeneity and examine the impact of factor grouping. The effects of the cut‐off values and sample size were assessed by meta‐regression. The results revealed that higher NLRs, PLRs, and CRP levels were associated with shorter OS (HR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.55–2.8; HR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.40–2.28; and HR = 2.88, 95% CI = 2.09–3.95, respectively; all p < 0.001). Higher NLRs and lower LMRs were associated with shorter DFS (HR = 3.34, 95% CI = 2.11–5.29 and HR = 2.71, 95% CI = 2.27–3.24, respectively; both p < 0.001). Higher PLRs and CRP levels were correlated with shorter PFS (HR = 3.48, 95% CI = 1.34–9.03, p = 0.01 and HR = 3.14, 95% CI = 1.63–6.08, p = 0.001). As demonstrated in the research, hematological indicators of systemic inflammation are promising biomarkers for GEP‐NEN assessment.