bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All-cause mortality and risk factors in a cohort of retired military male veterans, Xi'an, China: an 18-year follow up study
Authors: Sai Xiao Y , He Yao , Men Ke , Wang Bo , Huang Jiu Y , Shi Qiu L , Zhang Lei , Li Liang S , Choi Bernard CK , Yan Yong P 
Published: October 2007

Abstract

Background
Risk factors of all-cause mortality have not been reported in Chinese retired military veterans. The objective of the study was to examine the risk factors and proportional mortality in a Chinese retired military male cohort.

Methods
A total of 1268 retired military men aged 55 or older were examined physically and interviewed using a standard questionnaire in 1987. The cohort was followed up every two years and the study censored date was June30, 2005 with a follow-up of up to 18 years. Death certificates were obtained from hospitals and verified by two senior doctors. Data were entered (double entry) by Foxbase, and analysis was carried out by SAS for Windows 8.2. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to compute hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
The total person-years of follow-up was 18766.28. Of the initial cohort of 1268 men, 491 had died, 748 were alive and 29 were lost to follow up. Adjusted mortality (adjusted for age, blood pressure, body mass index, cholesterol, triglycerides, alcohol, exercise, and existing disease) was 2,616 per 100,000 person years. The proportional mortality of cancer, vascular disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) were 39.71%, 28.10% and 16.90% respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age, cigarettes per day, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, family history of diseases (hypertension, stroke and cancer), existing diseases (stroke, diabetes and cancer), body mass index, and age of starting smoking were associated with all-cause mortality, HR (95%CI) was1.083(1.062–1.104), 1.026(1.013–1.039), 1.009(1.003–1.015), 1.002(1.001–1.003), 1.330(1.005–1.759), 1.330(1.005–1.759), 1.444(1.103–1.890), 2.237(1.244–4.022), 1.462(1.042–2.051), 2.079(1.051–4.115), 0.963(0.931–0.996)and 0.988(0.978–0.999)respectively. Compared with never-smokers, current smokers had increased risks of total mortality [HR 1.369(1.083–1.731)], CHD [HR 1.805 (1.022–3.188)], and lung cancer [HR 2.939 (1.311–6.585)].

Conclusion
The three leading causes of diseases were cancer, CHD and stroke, and COPD. Aging, cigarette smoking, high systolic blood pressure, high triglyceride, family history of cancer, hypertension and stroke, existing cases recovering from stroke, diabetes and cancer, underweight, younger age of smoking were risk factors for all-cause mortality. Quitting cigarette smoking, maintaining normal blood pressure, triglyceride and weight are effect control strategies to prevent premature mortality in this military cohort.
The binding site for neohesperidin dihydrochalcone at the human sweet taste receptor
Authors: Winnig Marcel , Bufe Bernd , Kratochwil Nicole A , Slack Jay P , Meyerhof Wolfgang 
Published: October 2007

Abstract

Background
Differences in sweet taste perception among species depend on structural variations of the sweet taste receptor. The commercially used isovanillyl sweetener neohesperidin dihydrochalcone activates the human but not the rat sweet receptor TAS1R2+TAS1R3. Analysis of interspecies combinations and chimeras of rat and human TAS1R2+TAS1R3 suggested that the heptahelical domain of human TAS1R3 is crucial for the activation of the sweet receptor by neohesperidin dihydrochalcone.

Results
By mutational analysis combined with functional studies and molecular modeling we identified a set of different amino acid residues within the heptahelical domain of human TAS1R3 that forms the neohesperidin dihydrochalcone binding pocket. Sixteen amino acid residues in the transmembrane domains 2 to 7 and one in the extracellular loop 2 of hTAS1R3 influenced the receptor's response to neohesperidin dihydrochalcone. Some of these seventeen residues are also part of the binding sites for the sweetener cyclamate or the sweet taste inhibitor lactisole. In line with this observation, lactisole inhibited activation of the sweet receptor by neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and cyclamate competitively, whereas receptor activation by aspartame, a sweetener known to bind to the N-terminal domain of TAS1R2, was allosterically inhibited. Seven of the amino acid positions crucial for activation of hTAS1R2+hTAS1R3 by neohesperidin dihydrochalcone are thought to play a role in the binding of allosteric modulators of other class C GPCRs, further supporting our model of the neohesperidin dihydrochalcone pharmacophore.

Conclusion
From our data we conclude that we identified the neohesperidin dihydrochalcone binding site at the human sweet taste receptor, which overlaps with those for the sweetener cyclamate and the sweet taste inhibitor lactisole. This readily delivers a molecular explanation of our finding that lactisole is a competitive inhibitor of the receptor activation by neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and cyclamate. Some of the amino acid positions crucial for activation of hTAS1R2+hTAS1R3 by neohesperidin dihydrochalcone are involved in the binding of allosteric modulators in other class C GPCRs, suggesting a general role of these amino acid positions in allosterism and pointing to a common architecture of the heptahelical domains of class C GPCRs.
Patterns and correlates of tobacco control behavior among american association of pediatric dentistry members: a cross-sectional national study
Authors: Gansky Stuart A , Ryan Jennifer L , Ellison James A , Isong Umo , Miller Arthur J , Walsh Margaret M 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes, and practice behaviors among US pediatric dentists.MethodsA survey was conducted in 1998 among a national, random sample of 1500 American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry members. Chi-square tests and logistic regression with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals assessed factors related to pediatric dentists' tobacco control behaviors.ResultsResponse was 65% for the survey. Only 12% of respondents had prior tobacco prevention/cessation training. Of those untrained, 70% were willing to be trained. Less than two-thirds correctly answered any of four tobacco-related knowledge items. Over one-half agreed pediatric dentists should engage in tobacco control behaviors, but identified patient resistance as a barrier. About 24% of respondents reported always/often asking their adolescent patients about tobacco use; 73% reported always/often advising known tobacco users to quit; and 37% of respondents always/often assisting with stopping tobacco use. Feeling prepared to perform tobacco control behaviors (ORs = 1.9–2.8), a more positive attitude score (4 points) from 11 tobacco-related items (ORs = 1.5–1.8), and a higher statewide tobacco use prevalence significantly predicted performance of tobacco control behaviors.ConclusionFindings suggest thatraining programs on tobacco use and dependence treatment in the pediatric dental setting may be needed to promote tobacco control behaviors for adolescent patients.
SOX9 transduction of a human chondrocytic cell line identifies novel genes regulated in primary human chondrocytes and in osteoarthritis
Authors: Tew Simon R , Clegg Peter D , Brew Christopher J , Redmond Colette M , Hardingham Timothy E 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe transcription factor SOX9 is important in maintaining the chondrocyte phenotype. To identify novel genes regulated by SOX9 we investigated changes in gene expression by microarray analysis following retroviral transduction with SOX9 of a human chondrocytic cell line (SW1353). From the results the expression of a group of genes (SRPX, S100A1, APOD, RGC32, CRTL1, MYBPH, CRLF1 and SPINT1) was evaluated further in human articular chondrocytes (HACs). First, the same genes were investigated in primary cultures of HACs following SOX9 transduction, and four were found to be similarly regulated (SRPX, APOD, CRTL1 and S100A1). Second, during dedifferentiation of HACs by passage in monolayer cell culture, during which the expression of SOX9 progressively decreased, four of the genes (S100A1, RGC32, CRTL1 and SPINT1) also decreased in their expression. Third, in samples of osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage, which had decreased SOX9 expression compared with age-matched controls, there was decreased expression of SRPX, APOD, RGC32, CRTL1 and SPINT1. The results showed that a group of genes identified as being upregulated by SOX9 in the initial SW1353 screen were also regulated in expression in healthy and OA cartilage. Other genes initially identified were differently expressed in isolated OA chondrocytes and their expression was unrelated to changes in SOX9. The results thus identified some genes whose expression appeared to be linked to SOX9 expression in isolated chondrocytes and were also altered during cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis.
Mutation of Prkar1a Causes Osteoblast Neoplasia Driven by Dysregulation of Protein Kinase A
Authors: Pavel Emilia , Nadella Kiran , Towns William H. , Lawrence S. Lawrence S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCarney complex (CNC) is an autosomal dominant neoplasia syndrome caused by inactivating mutations in PRKAR1A, the gene encoding the type 1A regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA). This genetic defect induces skin pigmentation, endocrine tumors, myxomas, and schwannomas. Some patients with the complex also develop myxoid bone tumors termed osteochondromyxomas. To study the link between the PRKAR1A mutations and tumor formation, we generated a mouse model of this condition. Prkar1a+/− mice develop bone tumors with high frequency, although these lesions have not yet been characterized, either from human patients or from mice. Bone tumors from Prkar1a+/− mice were heterogeneous, including elements of myxomatous, cartilaginous, and bony differentiation that effaced the normal bone architecture. Immunohistochemical analysis identified an osteoblastic origin for the abnormal cells associated with islands of bone. To better understand these cells at the biochemical level, we isolated primary cultures of tumoral bone and compared them with cultures of bone from wild-type animals. The tumor cells exhibited the expected decrease in Prkar1a protein and exhibited increased PKA activity. At the phenotypic level, we observed that tumor cells behaved as incompletely differentiated osteoblasts and were able to form tumors in immunocompromised mice. Examination of gene expression revealed down-regulation of markers of bone differentiation and increased expression of locally acting growth factors, including members of the Wnt signaling pathway. Tumor cells exhibited enhanced growth in response to PKA-stimulating agents, suggesting that tumorigenesis in osteoblast precursor cells is driven by effects directly mediated by the dysregulation of PKA.
Electrochemical Energy Generation and Storage. Fuel Cells and Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Abruña Héctor D , Matsumoto Futoshi , Cohen Jamie L , Jin Jing , Roychowdhury Chandrani , Prochaska Mark , van Dover R Bruce , DiSalvo Frank J , Kiya Yasuyuki , Henderson Jay C , Hutchison Geoffrey R 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
We illustrate our current work for electrochemical energy generation and storage (i.e., fuel cells and lithium-ion batteries, respectively). In fuel cell research, we have been developing Pt-based ordered intermetallic compounds as electrocatalysts towards anodic reactions of liquid fuels such as methanol, ethanol, and formic acid for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Development of the intermetallic compounds ranges from bulk materials to nanoparticles. In our work, we have employed a combinatorial method to achieve rapid screening of a large number of potential electrocatalysts. Multi-element sputtering was employed to generate films with different compositions including most of a phase diagram and the resulting libraries were screened using a fluorescence assay. For portable applications, we have also developed a planar microfluidic membraneless fuel cell (PMMFC) device, which eliminates the need for a polyelectrolyte membrane (PEM) and takes advantage of the laminar flow of fuel and oxidant streams. Particularly, in order to increase power density (cell voltages) of a PMMFC device, we have focused on the development of a dual electrolyte PMMFC in which alkaline and acid electrolyte solutions are employed for fuel and oxidant streams, respectively. In lithium-ion battery research, we have been designing new cost-effective organic materials with high energy densities as cathode electroactive materials, targeting large applications such as electrically powered automotives. In particular, we have focused on organosulfur-based polymers, involving the redox chemistry of thiolates (RS−), capable of higher energy density than conventional lithium metal oxides such as LiCoO2. By combining electrochemical techniques with computational methods and organic synthesis, we have tried to establish an efficient procedure to develop novel organic-based electroactive materials suitable for the demands of energy storage materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
Bioorganic Studies Utilizing Rationally Designed Synthetic Molecules: Absolute Configuration of Ciguatoxin and Development of Immunoassay Systems
Authors: Oguri Hiroki 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Ciguatoxins are the major causative toxins in ciguatera seafood poisoning. The limited availability of ciguatoxins has precluded structural elucidation and development of a reliable and specific immunoassay for detecting the toxins in contaminated fish. To seek a solution for the longstanding problem of ciguatera, we addressed the synthetic challenge by utilizing rationally designed model compounds of ciguatoxins. The C2 configuration and entire absolute configuration of ciguatoxin were successfully elucidated with minutest amounts of natural toxins, using an approach which combined partial structure synthesis, microscale chemical transformations, and the CD exciton chirality method. On the basis of the absolute configuration, the partial structures of ciguatoxins were designed and synthesized as haptens for the preparation of anti-ciguatoxin antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against both ends of ciguatoxin CTX3C were prepared by immunization of mice with protein conjugates of synthetic haptens of the ABCDE-ring and the IJKLM-ring, in place of the natural toxin. Haptenic groups with surface areas larger than 400 Å2 were required to produce mAbs, which could bind strongly to CTX3C itself. A direct sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using these mAbs was shown to detect CTX3C at the ppb level with no cross-reactivity against other related marine toxins, including brevetoxin A, brevetoxin B, okadaic acid, or maitotoxin. In order to make the sandwich immunoassay protocol a general method for detecting other ciguatoxins congeners, the preparation of mAbs for the left-end of ciguatoxin was investigated. Expeditious synthesis of the left end of ciguatoxin with installation of the 3-butene-1,2-diol side-chain of the A-ring as well as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis of the antibody–hapten interactions are also described.
Kinetically Stabilized 1,1′-Bis[(E)-diphosphenyl]ferrocenes: Syntheses, Structures, Properties, and Reactivity
Authors: Nagahora Noriyoshi , Sasamori Takahiro , Watanabe Yasuaki , Furukawa Yukio , Tokitoh Norihiro 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Kinetically stabilized 1,1′-bis[(E)-diphosphenyl]ferrocenes were synthesized by taking advantage of extremely bulky substituents, 2,4,6-tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl (denoted as Tbt) and 2,6-bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-4-[tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl (denoted as Bbt) groups, and characterized by the spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses. The electronic structures of the 1,1′-bis[(E)-diphosphenyl]ferrocenes were determined by analyzing electronic spectra, the transitions of which were reasonably assigned based on theoretical calculations. In the cyclic voltammograms, there were two well-defined reversible one-electron reduction couples corresponding to the intramolecular two diphosphene units. Furthermore, the 1,1′-bis[(E)-diphosphenyl]ferrocene was found to undergo ligand-exchange reactions with group 6 metal carbonyl complexes along with the E-to-Z isomerization of the diphosphene moieties, leading to the formation of the corresponding 1,1′-bis[(Z)-diphosphenyl]ferrocene group 6 metal tetracarbonyl complexes, [M(CO)4{(Z,Z)-(BbtP=PC5H4)2Fe}] (M=Cr, Mo, and W). The molecular structures of these complexes were determined by spectroscopic analyses (1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectra, and UV–vis spectra), and that of the tungsten complex was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Several types of d→π∗P=P electron transitions due to the iron and group 6 metals were detected by using UV–vis spectroscopy, and these results were supported by theoretical calculations.
Conformations of O3–F 1:1 Complexes. An Ab Initio Study
Authors: Roohi Hossein , Mackiabadi Batol 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The conformational geometries of the FO3 complexes were investigated computationally in the doublet state. Geometry optimization and frequency calculations were performed at the CCSD/aug-cc-pVDZ, CCSD/6-311+G(d) and QCISD/aug-cc-pVDZ levels of theory. To improve the energies, single point calculations were carried out based on the CCSD/aug-cc-pVDZ, QCISD/aug-cc-pVDZ, and CCSD/6-311+G(d) geometries using the CCSD(T), QCISD(T), and CASSCF methods. One non-planar and two planar conformational geometries of the FO3 complex were found in the doublet state. From energy analysis, the planar geometry with a dihedral angle (φO1O2O3F) of 0.0° was the most stable one. In addition, vibrational frequencies obtained by CCSD and QCISD methods confirm that the planar geometry of the complex is similar to that reported under the experimental conditions. Quantum theory of Atom In Molecule (QTAIM) was also employed to characterize the electronic properties of the conformational geometries of FO3 complex.
Evaluation of Docking Accuracy and Investigations of Roles of Parameters and Each Term in Scoring Functions for Protein–Ligand Docking Using ArgusLab Software
Authors: Oda Akifumi , Okayasu Megumi , Kamiyama Yukiko , Yoshida Tomoki , Takahashi Ohgi , Matsuzaki Hisao 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
We evaluated the docking accuracy of ArgusLab, which is a freely available software program for computational docking, using experimentally determined protein–ligand complex structures. Investigations of the roles of parameters used for docking calculations in ArgusLab were carried out in addition to evaluation of the software. The results indicate that one docking engine of ArgusLab, GADock, is superior in terms of accuracy, and that another docking engine, ArgusDock, is advantageous in terms of the computational time it provides. In a pose construction step, larger population sizes generated more accurate poses using GADock. The docking poses constructed by GADock were easier to evaluate than those of ArgusDock in the pose-selection step. Reliable docking calculations are expected to be carried out with ArgusLab using results of this study.
Analyte Pulse Perturbation Technique for the Determination of 6-O-Acetylmorphine in Seized Street Drug Samples
Authors: Pejic Nataša , Blagojevic Slavica , Vukelic Jana , Kolar-Anic Ljiljana , Anic Slobodan 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
A pulse perturbation technique was applied to the Bray–Liebhafsky (BL) oscillatory reaction system in a stable nonequilibrium stationary state close to the bifurcation point, to determine micro-quantitatively 6-O-acetylmorphine (6-O-AM). The proposed method, in optimized reaction conditions ([KIO3]0 = 5.9×10−2 M, [H2SO4]0 = 5.5×10−2 M, and [H2O2]0 = 2.0×10−1 M, jo=2.95×10−2 min−1, and T=42.9 °C), relied on the linear relationship between maximal potential shift, ΔEm, caused by perturbation, and the logarithm of the amount of 6-O-acetylmorphine. The method had a rather good sample throughput of 40 samples h−1 with the sensitivity determined to be 0.9 μg mL−1 and the precision RSD = 1.8%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the quantitative determination of 6-O-AM in a real seized street drug sample. The obtained result agrees with those obtained by HPLC. There was no interference from structurally related and associated compounds, such as papaverin, noscapin, and heroin.
Dinuclear and Tetranuclear Copper(II) Complexes with a Ligand Bearing Phthalocyanine and Schiff-Base Coordination Sites
Authors: Handa Makoto , Murakoshi Koji , Nishikawa Atsushi , Yahata Koji , Shiomi Kimie , Hiromitsu Ichiro , Sugimori Tamotsu , Sogabe Kunihisa , Isa Kimio , Nakata Makoto , Kasuga Kuninobu 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Dinuclear and tetranuclear copper(II) complexes with a ligand bearing phthalocyanine and Schiff-base coordination sites were prepared and characterized. The dinuclear complex has two copper(II) phthalocyanine units linked by 2,6-diiminomethyl-4-methylphenol. The imino nitrogen (Schiff-base) coordinates to two more copper(II) ions to give a tetranuclear copper(II) complex composed of a hydroxo- and phenoxo-bridged copper(II) dinuclear unit and two copper(II) phthalocyanine units. Magnetic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical studies showed that there is no significant interaction among the two copper(II) phthalocyanine units and the hydroxo- and phenoxo-bridged dinuclear unit.
Structure and Properties of Carbonyl-Coordinated Ruthenium(II) and Osmium(II) Porphyrin Dimers Bridged by Aza Ligands
Authors: Bando Chika , Furukawa Atsushi , Tsuge Kiyoshi , Takaishi Kazumi , Sasaki Yoichi , Imamura Taira 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Carbonyl-coordinated ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) porphyrin dimers bridged with aza ligands, [{M(por)(CO)}2](BL), (M = RuII, OsII; por = ttp (5,10,15,20-tetra-p-tolylporphyrinato dianion), oep (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrinato dianion); BL = pz (pyrazine), bpy (4,4′-bipyridine), dabco (1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane)), were prepared and characterized, and their structures were determined by using single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The metal–metal distances of the pz-, bpy-, and dabco-bridged dimers in [{M(por)(CO)}2(BL)] were about 7.1–7.3, 11.5, and 7.3–7.4 Å, respectively. From electrochemical measurements, the first oxidation waves of the ruthenium and osmium porphyrin dimers with the pz and dabco, except the Ru–oep systems, were split, although the first oxidation in the Ru complexes occurs at the porphyrin rings and in the Os complexes occurs at the metal centers. The extent of the potential splits at the first oxidation processes, which reflects magnitude of the intramolecular redox interactions, was in the orders: ttp &gt; oep and Os (metal oxidation) &gt; Ru (ring oxidation), and dabco ≥ pz &gt;&gt; bpy.
Cholesterol-Linked β-Cyclodextrin—A Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline Derivative
Authors: Shaikh Vasi Ahmed Ebrahim , Lonikar Shrikant Vitthal , Dhobale Deepa Arun , Pawar G M 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Liquid-crystalline derivative of β-cyclodextrin (BCD) was prepared by covalent linking of monocholesteryl succinate (ChMS) with β-cyclodextrin. To the best of our knowledge, this was first ever attempt so far of its kind, in which BCD has been converted into its liquid-crystalline derivative through covalent linkage of a mesogen. The degree of substitution (DS) obtained was ≈2.00. The product was characterized by various techniques, such as FT-IR, NMR, DSC, hot-stage-coupled optical polarizing microscopy (OPM), microanalysis and chemical methods. Cholesterol-linked β-cyclodextrin (CDCh) derivative was found to exhibit thermotropic liquid-crystalline behavior. The product exhibited birefringence during first heating above 130 °C, and it became isotropic at about 180 °C, whereas the parent compound BCD decomposed without melting above 250 °C. A comparison of CDCh derivative to similar liquid-crystalline polysaccharide derivatives is presented.