bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications during treatment of traumatic disruption of the suspensory apparatus in thoroughbred horses
Authors: Bowman K. F. , Leitch Midge , Nunamaker D. M. , Fackelman G. E. , Tate L. P. , Park M. I. , Boles C. L. , Raker C. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A total of 19 Thoroughbred horses were treated for traumatic disruption of the suspensory apparatus, using either external support of the injured limb, removal of fractured proximal sesamoid bone fragments, metacarpophalangeal arthrodesis, compression screw fixation of the fractured proximal sesamoid bones, application of a cast-brace attached to a transfixation pin inserted through the third metacarpal bone, or combinations thereof.
Major complications during the treatment of traumatic disruption of the suspensory apparatus were infection (9 of 19 horses, 47%), large cast sores (10 of 14 treated horses, 71%), laminitis (7 of 19 horses, 37%), and orthopedic implant failure or loosening (4 of 6 treated horses, 67%), which led to euthanasia in 16 of 18 cases with complete follow-up information. Increased pain and lameness signaled the development of such complications.
In 7 of 9 cases with infection confirmed by microbiologic culture, the horse had received surgical treatment; in 6 of those 7 cases, the infection involved the surgical site. Postoperative wound infection developed in 4 of 7 cases when the surgery was performed within 18 days of injury. In 3 cases, septic metacarpophalangeal arthritis developed, but it was unrelated to surgical procedures. Implant failure or loosening and infection led to euthanasia in 5 of 6 horses treated by internal fixation to stabilize the metacarpophalangeal joint. Three of 6 attempts to perform metacarpophalangeal arthrodesis by application of a bone plate to the dorsal aspect of the joint resulted in implant failure after 45 to 101 days. Major complications did not develop in 2 horses that were treated successfully.
Aflatoxicosis in feeder cattle
Authors: Colvin Bill M. , Harrison Lenn R. , Gosser Harvey S. , Hall Richard F. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Aflatoxicosis was diagnosed as the cause of deaths in a group of crossbred feeder steers. Corn used in the ration being fed the steers was found to be contaminated with 1,500 ng of aflatoxin/g. Residues of the mycotoxin were detected in kidney tissue, and microscopic examination of liver sections revealed lesions typical of aflatoxicosis.
Scrotal circumference adjustment for differences due to age of beef bulls
Authors: Vogt D. W. , Massey John W. , Ellersieck M. R. , Bierschwal Clarence 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Scrotal circumference measurements on 870 Angus, 759 Polled Hereford, and 309 Simmental bulls ranging in age from 484 to 704 days were analyzed to develop an appropriate method of adjustment of scrotal circumference for differences associated with age of the bull. Data were separated by breed, year, and season and then each subset of data was subjected to statistical analysis. Adjustment factors to remove differences due to age were developed for bulls of the three breeds studied.
Ultrasonographic detection of fistulous tracts and foreign objects in muscles of horses
Authors: Cartee Robert E. , Rumph Paul F. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The results from water-bath studies on equine muscle in which foreign material had been inserted and then scanned ultrasonographically were compared with the results from scanning of the muscles of horses hospitalized for diagnosis of suspected foreign objects embedded in muscle.
The water-bath studies showed that bone, wood, and large tendons all will demonstrate acoustic shadowing, but that subtle differences in the characteristics of the relative hyperechogenicity and acoustic shadows facilitate elimination of certain considerations in the differential diagnosis. Ultrasonography was effective in locating fistulous tracts and bone sequestra. A protocol for diagnosis of suspected foreign objects imbedded in muscle was proposed.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hyperthyroidism in the cat
Authors: Liu Si-kwang , Peterson Mark E. , Fox Philip R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a 2½-year period, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was found at necropsy of 23 cats that died (13 cats) or were euthanatized (10) because of problems associated with hyperthyroidism. Of these, 4 (17%) also had evidence of cardiac failure (pulmonary edema or pleural effusion). The mean body weight of the cats with hyperthyroidism and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was significantly less (P<0.001) than that of clinically normal cats and cats with primary cardiomyopathy (congestive or restrictive) or excessive moderator band cardiomyopathy. In addition, the ratio of heart weight to body weight was significantly greater (P<0.001) in the 23 hyperthyroid cats than in the normal cats and cats with primary cardiomyopathy. Twenty (87%) of the cats had symmetric hypertrophy of the ventricular septum and left ventricular free wall, whereas the remaining 3 cats had disproportionate thickening of the ventricular septum, compared with the free wall, similar to what is found in cats with asymmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Histologic cardiac abnormalities included large, hyperchromatic nuclei, interstitial fibrosis, endocardial fibroplasia, fibrosis of the atrioventricular node, and marked disorganization of cardiac muscle cells.
The study showed that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy develops in most hyperthyroid cats, some of which also develop congestive heart failure. Although the signs of heart disease in primary myocardial disease and thyrotoxic disease are similar, the characteristic signalment and clinical signs of hyperthyroidism should lead one to suspect the association of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with the hyperthyroidism.
Puncture of shoulder, elbow, and carpal joints in goats and sheep
Authors: Sack W. O. , Cottrell W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The forelimb joints and bones of 16 normal goats and sheep were studied to determine optimal injection techniques for the shoulder, elbow, and carpal joints. Based on the findings, trial injections of marker substances were made in 8 anesthetized animals. The joints were then dissected and rates of success were determined, and they were 88% of shoulder, 87% of elbow, 94% of radiocarpal, and 81% of midcarpal and carpometacarpal joints.
Ulnar fracture and dislocation of the proximal radial epiphysis (Monteggia lesion) in the dog and cat: A review of 28 cases
Authors: Schwarz Peter D. , Schrader Steven C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ulnar fracture with dislocation of the proximal epiphysis of the radius (Monteggia lesion) was diagnosed in 16 dogs and 12 cats. The lesions were classified into 4 types on the basis of direction of the dislocation of the radial head and angulation of the ulnar fracture. Cranial dislocation of the radial head, with cranial angulation of the ulnar fracture (type 1 lesion) was the most common. Radial head chip fractures were frequently associated with the lesions. In 25 cases, open reduction and internal fixation were required. The most common postoperative complications were restricted range of motion in the elbow, osteoarthritis, and recurrent dislocation of the radial head. Follow-up evaluations in 16 cases revealed good to excellent results in 10 animals and fair to poor results in 6 animals.
Plasma gastrin immunoreactivity in dogs with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus
Authors: Leib Michael S. , Wingfield Wayne E. , Twedt David C. , Bottoms Gerald D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Plasma gastrin immunoreactivity was measured by radioimmunoassay in 45 dogs with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus (gdv). Significant increases (P < 0.05) were found in dogs with acute gdv and in the fasted state after surgical treatment and recovery. The data suggested that dogs that have had gdv may have preexisting high plasma gastrin immunoreactivity.
In dogs with acute gdv, plasma gastrin immunoreactivity was not found to be helpful in formulating prognosis. Circumcostal gastropexy did not affect plasma gastrin immunoreactivity.
Staphylococcal bacterin for treatment of chronic staphylococcal blepharitis in the dog
Authors: Chambers E. D. , Severin G. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A homologous Staphylococcus aureus bacterin was used successfully in the treatment of chronic staphylococcal blepharitis after antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy had not prevented disease recurrence. Of 44 dogs with staphylococcal blepharitis, 31 responded to the antibiotic/corticosteroid treatment, whereas 13 also required injections of bacterin to promote regression of clinical signs. Weekly bacterin injections controlled clinical signs without adverse side effects.
Acute diarrhea in horses of the Potomac River area: Examination for clostridial toxins
Authors: Ehrich Marion , Perry Brian D. , Troutt H. Fred , Dellers Robert W. , Magnusson Roger A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fecal specimens from horses in Montgomery County, Md, and in Fairfax and Loudoun counties, Va, were examined for Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin and for C difficile cytotoxin (92 and 108 specimens, respectively). The toxins were found in feces from horses that had experienced an acute diarrhea syndrome and from clinically normal horses. The toxins did not appear to be primary determinants of the diarrhea syndrome, although they may have contributed to the spectrum of clinical entities observed.
Personal computer word processing for veterinary article writing: Selecting a suitable word processing program
Authors: Stogdale Lea 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Word processing makes the writing and altering of scientific articles faster, easier, and more accurate. Personal computers that are ideally suited to this use are now available. The major problem affecting the veterinarian who wishes to purchase a personal computer word processing system, is that of spending the time to acquire sufficient information in order to choose the computer and the programs that will be appropriate to his or her requirements. These will include the specialized word processing demands of scientific article writing and many other applications, as applicable. Despite this obstacle, the acquisition of a personal computer and a suitable word processing program, soon results in time saving. The use of the computer for many other tasks logically follows. An additional benefit is the understanding of computers, their abilities and their limitations—a decided benefit in the 1980s.
Cynoglossum officinate (H\hound's-Tongue)—A cause of pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in horses
Authors: Knight Anthony P. , Kimberling Cleon V. , Stermitz Frank R. , Roby Mark R. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The death of 10 horses was attributed to feeding dried grass hay containing hound's-tongue, Cynoglossum officinale. Affected horses developed weight loss, icterus, photosensitization, and hepatic encephalopathy. Histologic examination of the liver of 3 of the horses revealed megalocytosis, biliary hyperplasia, and fibrosis characteristic of pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning. Hound's-tongue was found to contain large quantities (0.6% to 2.1%, dry matter basis) of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which, when fed to a pony for 20 days, caused liver fibrosis and biliary hyperplasia.
Papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas of horses
Authors: Junge Randall E. , Sundberg John P. , Lancaster Wayne D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
In a retrospective study encompassing 13 years of diagnostic work, papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas from horses were screened for papillomavirus antigens, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique.
Papillomas were most commonly found on the penis and vulva, followed by cutaneous, ocular, and oral locations. Squamous cell carcinomas were most frequently located on the third eyelid and cornea, followed by genital, oral, maxillary sinus, and cutaneous sites.
Papillomavirus structural antigens were detected in 7 cutaneous and 5 genital papillomas, but not in squamous cell carcinomas.
Canine idiopathic thrombocytopenia: Clinical observations and long-term follow-up in 54 cases
Authors: Williams David A. , Maggio-Price Lillian 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (itp) was diagnosed in 54 dogs. Bleeding was associated with platelet counts ≤30,000/mm3, and occurred most frequently at mucosal surfaces and in the skin. Other hematologic changes were variable, the most common being regenerative anemia with leukocytosis. Bone marrow examination revealed variable megakaryocyte numbers, but hyperplasia was most commonly observed. Results of the platelet factor 3 test were positive in only 7 of 25 dogs so tested. Treatment included various combinations of corticosteroid, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and splenectomy. The dogs could be classified into 4 groups on the basis of the course of disease: (1) 14 dogs that died or were euthanatized during the first episode of thrombocytopenia, (2) 17 dogs that recovered after a single episode of thrombocytopenia (acute itp), (3) 8 dogs in which thrombocytopenia recurred over a period of up to 8 months before recovering (acute, recurrent itp), and (4) 15 dogs that experienced repeated episodes of itp for periods of up to 8 years (chronic itp).
Cost comparison of anesthetic regimens in the dog and cat
Authors: Bednarski R. M. , Bednarski L. S. , Muir W. W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Comparative costs of anesthetic regimens for the dog and cat were calculated. Various combinations of currently popular sedatives, tranquilizers, and antimuscarinics (preanesthetic drugs), and anesthetic induction and maintenance drugs were studied. The preanesthetic drug affected overall anesthetic cost through its own cost, its effect on the amount of anesthetic drug necessary for intubation, and its effect on the amount of anesthetic necessary to maintain anesthesia. The combination of acetylpromazine-thiamylal-halothane was the least expensive regimen for both the dog and cat, whereas drug combinations that included isoflurane as the maintenance drug were the most expensive. In the cat, induction of anesthesia by use of N2O, O2, and halothane in a plexiglas chamber was more expensive than by the use of thiamylal.
Xylazine-induced prolongation of gastrointestinal transit in dogs: Reversal by yohimbine and potentiation by doxapram
Authors: McNeel Sandra V. , Hsu Walter H. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The effects of yohimbine and doxapram on xylazine-induced prolongation of gastroduodenal transit of barium sulfate were studied in 5 dogs. Base-line transit time was determined while the dogs were nonsedated and undisturbed; the time for barium sulfate to move from the stomach to the duodenojejunal junction was 5.6 ± 4.0 minutes (mean ± sd). An iv injection of xylazine (1 mg/kg) prolonged the transit time to 95.0 ± 14.6 minutes. During the xylazine-induced prolongation of gastroduodenal transit, there were no vigorous gastric or intestinal peristaltic contractions for at least 60 minutes. Yohimbine, an alpha2-adrenergic blocking agent, given iv at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg, reversed the gastrointestinal and sedative effects of xylazine. Doxapram hydrochloride, an analeptic, given iv at a dosage of 5.5 mg/kg, prolonged the transit time to 43.0 ± 22.8 minutes. When doxapram was given in combination with xylazine, it potentiated the gastrointestinal effect of xylazine, and further prolonged the transit time to 148.0 ± 32.7 minutes. It was concluded that yohimbine is effective as an antidote to reverse the xylazine-induced prolongation of gastrointestinal transit, whereas doxapram has no value in this respect.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of uroliths in dogs: Definitive determination of chemical type
Authors: Bovee Kenneth C. , McGuire Tobi 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Effective treatment and prevention of urolithiasis depends on accurate determination of the chemical nature of the uroliths. A widely used qualitative chemical procedure was compared with quantitative crystallographic analysis of 272 canine uroliths. Agreement between the 2 methods was 78%. Qualitative analysis failed to detect 62% of calcium-containing uroliths and 83% of carbonate apatite uroliths. Qualitative analysis gave false-positive results for urates in 55% of cystine uroliths. Mixed uroliths comprising 6% of the total could not be classified without quantitative analysis. Silicate, cystine, and urate uroliths generally were of pure composition.
Crystallographic analysis indicated the following distribution of major types: struvite, 69%; calcium oxalate, 10%; urate, 7%; silicate, 3.5%; cystine, 3.2%; calcium phosphate, 1%; and mixed, 6%. Among dogs with struvite uroliths, 66% had positive results of bacterial culturing from the urinary bladder. Six breeds (Miniature Schnauzer, Welsh Corgi, Lhasa Apso, Yorkshire Terrier, Pekingese, and Pug) had a significantly higher risk for urolithiasis, compared with other breeds. The German Shepherd Dog had a significantly lowered risk, compared with other breeds. Two breeds had significant relationship to a specific type of urolith: Miniature Schnauzer for oxalate, and Dalmatian for urate (P < 0.001).
It was concluded that quantitative analysis, using crystallography, was superior for the detection of calcium oxalate, carbonate apatite, cystine, urate, and mixed uroliths.
Idiopathic hemorrhagic pericardial effusion in eight dogs
Authors: Berg R. John , Wingfield Wayne E. , Hoopes P. Jack 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Idiopathic hemorrhagic pericardial effusion was diagnosed in 8 dogs. The patients were typically males of large or giant breeds and a wide age range was represented. In all dogs clinical features of acute or chronic cardiac tamponade and right-sided heart failure were present. The pericardial effusion in each case was identified by thoracic radiography, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Cytologic examination of the fluid did not allow differentiation from hemorrhagic effusions caused by neoplasia. Bacterial and fungal cultures were negative in 5 dogs. In 6 cases, a presumptive diagnosis was based on the absence of cardiac masses on 2-dimensional echocardiography, contrast pericardiography, or both. The condition was managed successfully by partial pericardiectomy in 5 cases. The definitive diagnosis in each case was established by gross cardiac examination at surgery or necropsy and by histologic examination of tissues. Blood vessels and lymphatics of the parietal and visceral pericardia appeared to be the primary targets of the disease process.
Seroprevalence of canine parvovirus in wild coyotes from Texas, Utah, and Idaho (1972 to 1983)
Authors: Thomas Nancy J. , Foreyt William J. , Evermann James F. , Windberg Lamar A. , Knowlton Frederick F. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The prevalence of serum antibodies against canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2), as measured by a standard hemagglutination-inhibition test, was determined in serum samples collected from 1,184 coyotes (Canis latrans) in Texas, Utah, and Idaho from 1972 to 1983. No evidence of parvoviral infection was found before 1979, after which seroprevalence rapidly increased to >70% at all sites by 1982. There were minor differences in prevalence between age groups and among sites, but no consistent differences between sexes. The onset of CPV-2 seroprevalence in free-ranging coyotes coincided remarkably with the recognition of the clinical disease and seroprevalence in domestic dogs in the United States.
Surgical implantation of radiotelemetry devices in American river otters
Authors: Hoover John P. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation elected to investigate the feasibility of reintroducing American river otters (Lutra canadensis) into Oklahoma waterways. Intra-abdominal radiotelemetry devices were selected to monitor otter movements following release. For implantation of those devices, the anesthetic regimen included a mixture of ketamine HCl, xylazine, and acepromazine maleate given intramuscularly followed by delivery of iso-flurane through precision vaporizers. A ventral midline approach and adherent surgical barrier drapes facilitated aseptic placement of the devices, with minimal tissue damage and loss of insulating pelage. Absorbable monofilament suture (polydioxanone) was used in a buried 3-layer closure of surgical incisions. The incisions healed rapidly and without complications.
Candidiasis in captive pinnipeds
Authors: Dunn J. Lawrence , Buck John D. , Spotte Stephen 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Diagnosis, treatment, and possible pathogenesis of candidiasis were studied in 5 species of pinnipeds in captivity: gray seal (Halichoerus grypus), harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus), California sea lion (Zalophus califor-nianus), and northern elephant seal (Mirounga an-gustirostris). The animals were kept outdoors in a freshwater exhibit. Candidiasis was characterized by purulent nasal discharge, inflammation of the lips at the mucocutaneous junction, periocular alopecia, vaginitis, and dermatitis. Administration of ketoconazole at dosages of 5 mg/kg bid and 10 mg/kg sid controlled the disease. Wild gulls were suspected as vectors of Candida albicans.
Disseminated visceral coccidiosis in sandhill cranes
Authors: Carpenter J. W. , Novilla M. N. , Fayer R. , Iverson G. C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Disseminated visceral coccidiosis (dvc) caused by Eimeria spp was first recognized as a disease entity in captive sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) and whooping cranes (G americana) at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Because cranes produced at the Center are reintroduced to the wild to augment wild populations, studies involving both experimentally induced and natural infections were initiated to determine the potential or actual occurrence of dvc in wild Gruidae. Nine sandhill cranes dosed orally with eimerian oocysts of wild origin developed lesions characteristic of dvc.
Extraintestinal granulomas associated with developing schizonts were found in 6 birds. Similar lesions were observed in wild sandhill cranes throughout parts of midwestern United States, Alaska, and Saskatchewan. These studies revealed the wide geographic distribution and the high frequency of occurrence of dvc in wild cranes.
Yersinia enterocolitica infection in breeding colonies of ruffed lemurs
Authors: Bresnahan James F. , Whitworth Ulysses G. , Hayes Yumiko , Summers Ellen , Pollock Jon 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Two outbreaks of yersiniosis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica occurred in breeding colonies of red ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata rubra) and black and white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata variegata) housed in outdoor enclosures during the winter breeding season and spring birth season, respectively. Seven of 11 animals at risk in the combined outbreaks became ill, and 3 died of acute to chronic infection. Clinical signs included anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and hyperpyrexia. Necropsy findings included ulcerative enterocolitis and multifocal necrosis and abscess formation in mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, kidneys, and lungs. Histologically, lesions were characterized by necrotizing inflammation containing masses of basophilic bacteria. Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:2 was isolated from lesions. Neomycin sulfate given orally and chloramphenicol given intramuscularly were effective in treatment early in the course of the disease or in mild cases. In severe cases, lemurs did not respond to antibiotic and fluid therapy. Exposure to soil contaminated with infected rodent feces, stress, and behavioral factors in the ruffed lemur species are believed to have precipitated the infection.
Pregnancy toxemia (eclampsia) in Syrian golden hamsters
Authors: Richter Alexander G. , Lausen Niels C. , Lage Arthur L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Late-term pregnant Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) died within 24 hours of arrival in our facility. Disseminated thrombi were found in many organs, particularly in the kidneys, liver, intestines, and placenta. Pathogenic bacteria were not identified in bacterial cultures of the liver.