bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of galectin-1 expression by HTLV-I Tax and its impact on HTLV-I infectivity
Authors: Gauthier Sonia , Pelletier Isabelle , Ouellet Michel , Vargas Amandine , Tremblay Michel J , Sato Sachiko , Barbeau Benoit 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Background
Cell-free Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type I (HTLV-I) virions are poorly infectious and cell-to-cell contact is often required to achieve infection. Other factors might thus importantly contribute in increasing infection by HTLV-I. Galectin-1 is a galactoside-binding lectin which is secreted by activated T lymphocytes. Several functions have been attributed to this protein including its capacity to increase cell-to-cell adhesion. Based on previous studies, we postulated that this protein could also accentuate HTLV-I infection.

Results
Herein, we demonstrate that galectin-1 expression and release are higher in HTLV-I-infected T cells in comparison to uninfected T cells. Furthermore, galectin-1 expression was activated in various cell lines expressing the wild type viral Tax protein while this induction was minimal upon expression of NF-κB activation-defective TaxM22. Cotransfection of these Tax expression vectors with galectin-1 promoter-driven luciferase constructs confirmed that Tax upregulated galectin-1 promoter activity. However, a NF-κB-independent mechanism was strongly favoured in this induction of galectin-1 expression as no activation of the promoter was apparent in Jurkat cells treated with known NF-κB activators. Using HTLV-I envelope pseudotyped HIV-1 virions, galectin-1 was shown to increase infectivity. In addition, a co-culture assay with HTLV-I-infected cells also indicated an increase in cell fusion upon addition of galectin-1. This effect was not mediated by factors present in the supernatant of the HTLV-I-infected cells.

Conclusion
These data suggest that HTLV-I Tax increases galectin-1 expression and that this modulation could play an important role in HTLV-I infection by stabilizing both cell-to-cell and virus-cell interactions.
Intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma: a case report with clinical and histological findings
Authors: Temmim Labiba , Sinowatz Fred , Hussein Wiam I , Al-Sanea Osama , El-Khodary Hady 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The chance of an intrathyroidal occurrence of a parathyroid gland is about 1–3%. Among the causes of hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid cases occur in less than 1% of patients. Here we present the case of a 63 year old Saudi female suffering from an intrathryroidal parathyroid carcinoma. The suspicion coming from the clinical investigations that the removed tumor tissue may be a parathyroid carcinoma could be confirmed by histology. Additionally non-radioactive in situ hybridization to localize mRNA transcripts for Cyclin D1 and immunohistochemical localization of Cyclin D1 was performed. Although parathyroid adenoma and carcinoma have disparate natural history, it can be difficult to differentiate between the two entities. Clinical presentation, operative findings may raise suspicion, but may not be conclusive especially if there is no evidence of invasion or metastasis, especially if the gland was intrathyroidal.
Distinct Gene Expression–Defined Classes of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Yamaguchi Umio , Nakayama Robert , Honda Kazufumi , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Hasegawa Tadashi , Shitashige Miki , Ono Masaya , Shoji Ayako , Sakuma Tomohiro , Kuwabara Hideya , Shimada Yasuhiro , Sasako Mitsuru , Shimoda Tadakazu , Kawai Akira , Hirohashi Setsuo , Yamada Tesshi 
Published: November 2008

Purpose The majority of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) can be cured by surgery alone, but relapse occurs in 20% to 40% of cases. GISTs are considered to invariably arise through gain of function KIT or PDGFA mutation of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). However, the genetic basis of the malignant progression of GISTs are poorly understood. Patients and Methods The expression levels of 54,613 probe sets in 32 surgical samples of untreated GISTs of the stomach and small intestine were analyzed with oligonucleotide microarrays. The representative GeneChip data were validated by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Results Unbiased hierarchical clustering consistently separated the 32 cases of GIST into two major classes according to tumor site. The two major classes were further separated into novel subclasses, which were significantly correlated with various pathological prognostic parameters, the frequency of metastasis (P < .05), and clinical outcome. Immunohistochemical analysis of 152 independent patients with gastric GISTs revealed that the expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (T-cell activation antigen CD26) protein was significantly associated with poorer overall and disease-free survival (P < .00001). Conclusion CD26 appears to be a reliable biomarker of malignant GISTs of the stomach. The postoperative recurrence rate of CD26-negative cases was as low as 2.0% (two of 102). Therefore, postoperative follow-up of such patients might be made less intensive. CD26 may play an important role in the malignant progression of gastric GISTs and serve as a therapeutic target.
Unresolved Grief in a National Sample of Bereaved Parents: Impaired Mental and Physical Health 4 to 9 Years Later
Authors: Lannen Patrizia K. , Wolfe Joanne , Prigerson Holly G. , Onelov Erik , Kreicbergs Ulrika C. 
Published: November 2008

PurposeTo assess unresolved parental grief, the associated long-term impact on mental and physical health, and health service use.Patients and MethodsThis anonymous, mail-in questionnaire study was performed as a population-based investigation in Sweden between August 2001 and October 2001. Four hundred forty-nine parents who lost a child as a result of cancer 4 to 9 years earlier completed the survey (response rate, 80%). One hundred ninety-one (43%) of the bereaved parents were fathers, and 251 (56%) were mothers. Bereaved parents were asked whether or not, and to what extent, they had worked through their grief. They were also asked about their physical and psychological well-being. For outcomes of interest, we report relative risk (RR) with 95% CIs as well as unadjusted odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios.ResultsParents with unresolved grief reported significantly worsening psychological health (fathers: RR, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.0 to 6.4; mothers: RR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.9 to 4.4) and physical health (fathers: RR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.8 to 4.4; mothers: RR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.6 to 3.3) compared with those who had worked through their grief. Fathers with unresolved grief also displayed a significantly higher risk of sleep difficulties (RR, 6.7; 95% CI, 2.5 to 17.8). Mothers, however, reported increased visits with physicians during the previous 5 years (RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.6) as well as a greater likelihood of taking sick leave when they had not worked through their grief (RR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.5).ConclusionParents who have not worked through their grief are at increased risk of long-term mental and physical morbidity, increased health service use, and increased sick leave.
Phase III Trial of Androgen Ablation With or Without Three Cycles of Systemic Chemotherapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Millikan Randall E. , Wen Sijin , Pagliaro Lance C. , Brown Melissa A. , Moomey Brenda , Do Kim-Anh , Logothetis Christopher J. 
Published: November 2008

Purpose We conducted a phase III trial in patients with previously untreated metastatic prostate cancer to test the hypothesis that three 8-week cycles of ketoconazole and doxorubicin alternating with vinblastine and estramustine, given in addition to standard androgen deprivation, would delay the appearance of castrate-resistant disease. Patients and Methods Eligible patients had metastatic prostate cancer threatening enough to justify sustained androgen ablation and were fit enough for chemotherapy. The primary end point was time to castrate-resistant progression as shown by increasing prostate-specific antigen, new radiographic lesions, worsening cancer-related symptoms, or receipt of any other systemic therapy. Results Three hundred six patients were registered; 286 are reported. Median time to progression was 24 months (95% CI, 18 to 39 months) in the standard therapy arm, and 35 months (95% CI, 26 to 44 months) in the chemohormonal group (P = .39). At median follow-up of 6.4 years, overall survival was 5.4 years (95% CI, 4.7 to 7.8 years) in the standard therapy arm versus 6.1 years (95% CI, 5.1 to 10.1 years; P = .41). Prostate-specific antigen kinetics at the time of androgen ablation and the nadir after hormone treatment were strongly correlated with survival. Chemotherapy significantly increased the burden of therapy, with 51% of patients experiencing an adverse event of grade 3 or worse, especially thromboembolic events. Conclusion There is no role for ketoconazole and doxorubicin alternating with vinblastine and estramustine before emergence of a castrate-resistant phenotype.
Managing Symptoms Among Patients With Breast Cancer During Chemotherapy: Results of a Two-Arm Behavioral Trial
Authors: Given Charles W. , Sikorskii Alla , Tamkus Deimante , Given Barbara , You Mei , McCorkle Ruth , Champion Victoria , Decker David 
Published: November 2008

Purpose In this study, we compare symptom response and times to response among patients with breast cancer who were assigned to either a cognitive behavioral Nurse-Administered Symptom Management intervention or an Automated Telephone Symptom Management (ATSM) intervention. Patients and Methods Patients with breast cancer were identified from a larger trial. Baseline equivalence existed between arms, and there was no differential attrition by arm. Anchor-based definition of response using mild, moderate, and severe categories of symptom severity were used. Responses and times to response for 15 symptoms were investigated in relation to trial arm, comorbid conditions, treatment protocols, and metastatic versus localized disease. Results The ATSM arm was more effective among patents with metastatic disease. Compared with patients receiving combination chemotherapy protocols, those treated with single agents had greater response and shorter time to response. Conclusion An educational information intervention delivered via an automated voice response system that assesses symptoms and refers patients to a Symptom Management Guide is more effective than a complex cognitive behavioral approach in terms of producing greater symptom responses in shorter time intervals among patients with metastatic disease.
Does a Patient-Held Quality-of-Life Diary Benefit Patients With Inoperable Lung Cancer?
Authors: Mills Moyra E. , Murray Liam J. , Johnston Brian T. , Cardwell Chris , Donnelly Michael 
Published: November 2008

PurposeTo examine the effect of weekly completion of a patient-held quality-of-life (QOL) diary in routine oncology practice for palliative care patients.Patients and MethodsIn a pragmatic randomized controlled trial, 115 patients with inoperable lung cancer were randomly assigned to receive either standard care or a structured QOL diary (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 and the related lung cancer module LC13) that they completed at home each week for 16 weeks. Patients were encouraged to share the QOL information with health professionals involved in their care. Changes in QOL over time (measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Lung questionnaire and the Palliative Care Quality of Life Index), discussion of patient problems, and satisfaction with communication and general care were assessed at baseline and at 2 and 4 months after baseline.ResultsAnalysis of QOL indicated a small but consistent difference between patients in the diary group and the standard care group. The diary group had a poorer QOL in many domains. Two different QOL summary scores (total and overall QOL) indicated a statistically significant between-group difference. No effects were found in relation to satisfaction with care, communication, or the discussion of patient problems.ConclusionThe regular completion of a QOL questionnaire without appropriate feedback to health care professionals and without the provision of appropriate support may have a negative impact on inoperable lung cancer patients. Further research should focus on identifying features such as feedback loops that are required for the successful and meaningful use of QOL questionnaires in routine patient care.
Postresection CA 19-9 Predicts Overall Survival in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer Treated With Adjuvant Chemoradiation: A Prospective Validation by RTOG 9704
Authors: Berger Adam C. , Garcia Miguel , Hoffman John P. , Regine William F. , Abrams Ross A. , Safran Howard , Konski Andre , Benson Alan B. , MacDonald John , Willett Christopher G. 
Published: November 2008

Purpose CA 19-9 is an important tumor marker in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A secondary end point of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial 9704 was prospective evaluation of the ability of postresectional CA 19-9 to predict survival. Methods CA 19-9 expression was analyzed as a dichotomized variable (< 180 v ≥ 180) or (≤ 90 v > 90). Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to identify the impact of CA 19-9 expression on overall survival (OS). Actuarial estimates for OS were calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Results Three hundred eighty-five patients patients had assessable CA 19-9 levels. The majority had a CA 19-9 level lower than 180 or ≤ 90 (n = 220 and 200, respectively), while 34% were Lewis Antigen negative and 33 (9%) and 53 (14%) patients had levels higher than 180 and higher than 90. When CA 19-9 was analyzed as a dichotomized variable, there was a significant survival difference favoring patients with CA 19-9 lower than 180 (hazard ratio [HR], 3.53; P < .0001). This corresponds to a 72% reduction in the risk of death for patients with a CA 19-9 lower than 180. This was also true for patients with CA 19-9 ≤ 90 (HR, 3.4; P < .0001). Multivariate analyses confirmed that CA 19-9, when analyzed as both a continuous and a dichotomized variable, is a highly significant predictor of OS in patients with resected pancreatic cancer. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first phase III trial to perform prospective analysis of CA 19-9 levels in patients treated with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. It definitively confirms the prognostic importance of postresectional CA 19-9 levels after surgery with curative intent in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Cambridge as aPlacein Economics
Authors: Marcuzzo Maria Cristina , Naldi Nerio , Sanfilippo Eleonora , Rosselli Annalisa 
Published: November 2008

Cambridge as a geographical reference often crops up in the characterisation of the economic theories and approaches that developed in Cambridge (UK) between the 1920s and the 1960s with the contribution of economists who did not always share the same interests, background or attitudes, but who all lived and worked – for considerable periods of time – in that particular corner of the world.In order to reconstruct the Cambridge of those years and explore the space it represented for economics we have selected a group of economists and a span of time – essentially between the two wars, with a few encroachments in the years following on the death of Keynes. Cambridge was not only a place, but also a play of magnetic forces, drawing together and driving apart, where ideas emerged from an environment formed through intense human and professional relations, a well defined cultural tradition and a way of its own of organising work and study. We present the dramatis personae and the background to their actions, and consider the characteristics of intellectual and personal communication on the basis of which we are led to define the Cambridge economists examined more as a `group' than a school.
THE Gendercator, OR HOW I LEARNED TO STOP WORRYING AND LOVE THE BLOGOSPHERE
Authors: Lawless Jessica 
Published: November 2008

This essay is a collection of statements, thoughts and opinions that exploded across the internet in response to a controversy that occurred during the 2007 LGBT film festival season. Catherine Crouch's short, The Gendercator, is the first film to be accepted and then removed from San Francisco's Frameline Film Festival, the longest running festival of its kind. The censorship of the film due to community pressure, and the transphobic storyline Crouch created raises central questions of community and identity/post identity politics – personal experience versus group representation, strategies for creating institutional spaces where queer identity formation can both develop and change, and problems that occur when grassroots organizations gain cultural cache that allows mobility for some but not for others.
I became involved when I was invited to sit on a panel with Crouch and others following the screening of The Gendercator at Outfest in Los Angeles. Rather than offer a personal account of the panel, a reading of the film, or analysis of the varying viewpoints and decisions made surrounding The Gendercator, I have relied on “blogosphere” and cyber world to tell this story. They rivaling voices from the LGBTQIA community beautifully convey all of the salient, ironic, painful, political and humorous positions as is. I have added my own positioning on key issues along the way. These are in the footnotes rather than the main text. This is not a strategy to perform the impossible act of journalistic “neutrality,” but a conceptual move to contribute to the already loud and disharmonious cacophony surrounding The Gendercator. My contributions can be read as post blog postings, extending the web based conversation into another dimension, material based text.
TFT-LCD Mura defects automatic inspection system using linear regression diagnostic model
Authors: Chen S-L , Chang J-H 
Published: November 2008

The TFT-LCD panel is one of the most important and promising products in the recent years. Mura defects can be created on the display panel during its production. In this research, a linear regression diagnostic model is incorporated with digital image processing theory to automatically inspect for Mura defects. A bivariate polynomial regression model is used to simulate the brightness of background images that is used in the diagnosis of outliers and influential points. The partitions of the candidate Mura defect regions are segmented using Niblack's threshold criteria. The candidate Mura defects are further evaluated. The quantified level is defined in terms of concepts already reported in the literature. Based on Weber's law and a visual perception model, the just-noticeable intensity difference index of the Mura features can be obtained and it can be subsequently used to quantify the Mura defect level. With the obtained defect level, Mura defects can be identified for exactly labelling of the perfect and imperfect LCD panels. Experiments were performed on 13 TFT-LCD panels. There are ten bad panels and three good panels in these 13 samples as determined by human visual inspection. Each bad panel has at least one Mura defect. After the automated inspection process, the results showed that the proposed method could separate the good and bad panels accurately. Compared with human visual inspection, the Mura detection rate of the distinct size and shapes can attain over 90.9 per cent correct detection and the achieved correction rate of Mura defects on each panel can be improved by 100 per cent.
Particle and nanoparticle characterization at the exhaust of internal combustion engines
Authors: Tornatore C , Merola S S , Vaglieco B M 
Published: November 2008

The aim of this work is the characterization of the emissions of exhaust particles in terms of number size distribution and chemical—physical properties. Laser-induced incandescence and broadband ultraviolet—visible extinction and scattering spectroscopy were used at the exhaust of a common-rail diesel engine and of a port fuel injection (PFI) spark ignition (SI) engine. The optical results were compared with size distributions obtained with an electrical low-pressure impactor and a scanning mobility particle sizer. Moreover, the fundamental engine parameters and the particulate mass and gas concentrations were measured using conventional instrumentation. With respect to the diesel engine, the effect of the exhaust after-treatment was investigated. The exhaust gas recirculation influenced the particle size distribution in terms of number concentration owing to the formation of accumulation mode particles. The catalysed diesel particulate filter strongly reduced the particle number concentration in the loading phase. Effects on the chemical nature of the particles were observed during the filter regeneration phase. With respect to the PFI SI engine, high number concentrations of nanoparticles ( D<50nm) were measured for all the engine operating conditions. The chemical nature of the nanoparticles was investigated.
Towards the effective solid lubrication of ball bearings operating at high temperature
Authors: Hampson M R , Roberts E W , Cropper M D , Watters R B , Forster D J 
Published: November 2008

Several research projects have been completed as part of an ongoing programme of work into solid-lubricated bearings for high-temperature space operation. Testing of bearings indicated that MoS2 lubrication is effective at high temperature, but highlighted a potential problem with the commonly used material PGM-HT – that it can shrink permanently during initial heating, leading to loss of clearances and high torques. This effect was subsequently measured quantitatively – components have been shown to contract by ∼ 1.5 per cent on heating to 250 °C. A thermal conditioning regime was devised to avoid the problems of shrinkage. A number of alternatives to conventional cages were also designed, manufactured, and tested. Hybrid cages, with a metal body and inserts made of self-lubricating materials – PGM-HT and SINTIMID 15M-HT, were identified to be an effective option, which avoids problems with conventional cage designs. Toroidal ball separators made of three different self-lubricating materials – PGM-HT, PTFE, and Vespel SP3 – were also designed, manufactured, and tested.
Single-crystalline Gold Nanodisks Prepared by the Shape Transformation under UV Irradiation from Nanoparticles Protected with Discotic Liquid Crystalline Ligands
Authors: Shen Zhongrong , Miyabayashi Keiko , Higashimoto Mami , Shimoda Tatsuya , Miyake Mikio 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
In this paper, we investigated a convenient shape transformation of gold nanoparticles to nanodisks by UV irradiation in chloroform with the aid of protective agents carrying a triphenylene moiety, which absorbs UV energy and plays a role as a mask in directing the deposition of gold atoms at aspecific position.