bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isoform‐specific interaction of pyruvate kinase with hepatitis C virus NS5B
Authors: Wu Xiaoyun , Zhou You , Zhang Ke , Liu Qingzhen , Guo Deyin 
Published: June 2008

MINT‐6548876, MINT‐6548924:

NS5B(Con1) (uniprotkb:Q9WMX2) and M2PK (uniprotkb:P14618) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)
MINT‐6548705:

NS5BΔ21(BK) (uniprotkb:P26663) physically interacts (MI:0218) with M2PK (uniprotkb:P52480) by two hybrid (MI:0018)
MINT‐6548722, MINT‐6548746:

CM2PK (uniprotkb:P52480)binds (MI:0407) to NS5BΔ21(BK) (uniprotkb:P26663) by pull down (MI:0096)
MINT‐6548831:

M2PK (uniprotkb:P14618) physically interacts (MI:0218) with NS5B (Con1) (uniprotkb:Q9WMX2) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)
MINT‐6548795:

M2PK (uniprotkb:P14618) physically interacts (MI:0218) with NS5B(Con1) (uniprotkb:Q9WMX2)by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
MINT‐6548852:

M2PK (uniprotkb:P14618) and NS5BΔ21(BK) (uniprotkb:P26663) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)
Infectivity ofEchinococcus granulosusprotoscolices under different conditions of temperature and humidity
Authors: Diker A.I. , Tinar R. , Senlik B. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of different temperatures and humidities on the infectivity ofEchinococcus granulosusprotoscolices. Eighteen dogs (6 groups,n = 3 each) were fed with offal mince harbouring approximately 20,000 protoscolices ofE. granulosusof different viabilities. Dogs were infected withE. granulosusprotoscolices of: (1) 5% viability at − 10°C and 50% relative humidity (RH); (2) 30% viability at 0°C and 60% RH; (3) 20% viability at +10°C and 65% RH; (4) 15% viability at +30°C and 75% RH; (5) 11% viability at +40°C and 80% RH; (6) 68% viability (control group). Dogs in each group were necropsied at 29–49 days post-infection. Mean intensities ofE. granulosusrecovered from dogs were 256.7 ± 60.3 in the second group; 32.7 ± 7.1 in the third group; 40.3 ± 15.5 in the fourth group and 1533 ± 513 in the control group. However, no parasites were recovered from the first and fifth groups. Results obtained in the present study show that larval stages could be infective for 1 to 4 weeks during spring, autumn or winter months when maximal temperatures are approximately 0–10°C. In conclusion, cold-storage depots in slaughterhouses and abattoirs where sheep carcasses might be discarded should be kept at − 20°C for 2–3 days, dogs should be properly controlled and adequate control programmes must be established in areas where the disease is endemic.
Potential role of the glial water channel aquaporin-4 in epilepsy
Authors: Hsu Mike S. , Lee Darrin J. , Binder Devin K. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractRecent studies have implicated glial cells in novel physiological roles in the CNS, such as
modulation of synaptic transmission, so it is possible that glial cells might have a functional
role in the hyperexcitability that is characteristic of epilepsy. Indeed, alterations in
distinct astrocyte membrane channels, receptors and transporters have all been associated with
the epileptic state. This paper focuses on the potential roles of the glial water channel
aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in modulating brain excitability and in epilepsy. We review studies of
seizure phenotypes, K+ homeostasis and extracellular space physiology of mice that
lack AQP4 (AQP4−/− mice) and discuss the human studies
demonstrating alterations of AQP4 in specimens of human epilepsy tissue. We conclude with new
studies of AQP4 regulation by seizures and discuss its potential role in the development of
epilepsy (epileptogenesis). Although many questions remain unanswered, the available data
indicate that AQP4 and its molecular partners might represent important new therapeutic
targets.
Prophages in marine bacteria: dangerous molecular time bombs or the key to survival in the seas?
Authors: Paul John H 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Bacteriophages are realized to be numerous and important components of oceanic food webs principally because of their lytic capabilities. The subtle changes that temperate phages impart to their hosts in the oceans are far less understood. Occurrences of lysogeny in the oceans correlate well with conditions unfavorable for rapid host growth. In coliphage λ, phage encoded repressors have been shown to modulate host metabolic gene expression and phenotype, resulting in economizing host energy expenditure. Comparison of lysogenized marine bacteria to the uninfected hosts indicated that prophage acquisition is correlated with host metabolic gene suppression. Screening 113 marine bacterial genomes for prophages yielded 64 prophage-like elements, 21 of which strongly resembled gene transfer agents (GTAs). The remaining 39 putative prophages had a relatively high incidence of transcriptional regulatory and repressor-like proteins (∼2/40 kb prophage sequence) compared to lytic marine phages (∼0.25/40 kb phage sequence). Here, it has been hypothesized that marine prophages directly contribute to host survival in unfavorable environments by suppression of unneeded metabolic activities. It has been further suggested that such metabolic downshifts are the result of phage-encoded repressors and transcriptional regulators acting directly on host genes. Finally, the widespread occurrence of GTAs may be an efficient mechanism for horizontal gene transfer in the oceans.
Vitamin and mineral intakes in European children. Is food fortification needed?
Authors: Serra-Majem Lluís 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:To provide an overview of vitamin and mineral intakes among children and adolescents in European countries and to present results from studies showing the impact of food fortification.Design:Comparative analysis of a number of nutritional studies among children and adolescents performed during the last decade in certain European countries.Setting:Spain, France, UK, North Ireland, Portugal, Germany.Subjects:Europeans aged 6 to 18.Results:Dietary surveys across Europe showed that varying levels of nutrient adequacy existed from one country to another, and that even within the same country, there were important nutritional gaps between different regions. In general, studies are difficult to compare, and information for many countries was missing. The results suggest that children and adolescents are the population group most likely to have higher risk of nutritional deficiencies, particularly for iron, vitamins C, E, B6and folates. In France, Ireland, UK and Spain, food fortification, and particularly of breakfast cereals, has positively contributed to increasing vitamin and mineral intakes in childhood and adolescence.Conclusions:Information on vitamin and mineral intakes in European children is less available than in adults. Fortified foods may contribute to reducing nutrient inadequacy in European children and adolescents, but should not replace nutrition education.
Calcium, physical activity and bone health – building bones for a stronger future
Authors: Branca Francesco , Vatueña Silvia 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAdequate provision of nutrients composing the bone matrix and regulating bone metabolism should be provided from birth in order to achieve maximal bone mass, compatible with individual genetic background, and to prevent osteoporosis later in life. Low calcium intake (<250 mg day−1) in children is associated with both a reduced bone mineral content and hyperparathyroidism. Optimal calcium intake is, however, still a matter of controversy. The minimisation of fracture risk would be the ideal functional outcome on which to evaluate lifetime calcium intakes, but proxy indicators, such as bone mass measurements or maximal calcium retention, are used instead. Calcium recommendations in Europe and the United States are based on different concepts as to requirements, leading to somewhat different interpretations of dietary adequacy. Minerals and trace elements other than calcium are involved in skeletal growth, some of them as matrix constituents, such as magnesium and fluoride, others as components of enzymatic systems involved in matrix turnover, such as zinc, copper and manganese. Vitamins also play a role in calcium metabolism (e.g. vitamin D) or as co-factors of key enzymes for skeletal metabolism (e.g. vitamins C and K). Physical activity has different effects on bone depending on its intensity, frequency, duration and the age at which it is started. The anabolic effect on bone is greater in adolescence and as a result of weight-bearing exercise. Adequate intakes of calcium appear necessary for exercise to have its bone stimulating action.
Childhood obesity in Europe: a growing concern
Authors: Livingstone MBE 
Published: June 2008

AbstractEstimation of the prevalence and secular trends in paediatric obesity in Europe is impeded by methodological problems in the definition of obesity and the paucity of data sets that mirror the demographic, cultural and socioeconomic composition of the European population. The available prevalence data show that paediatric obesity is increasing throughout Europe but the patterns vary with time, age, sex and geographical region. The highest rates of obesity are observed in eastern and southern European countries. Even within countries there may be marked variability in the rates of obesity. It is unclear whether these trends are a simple consequence of an overall increase in fatness in Europe or whether there may be sub-groups of children who, at certain ages, are either particularly susceptible to environmental challenges or are selectively exposed to such challenges. In addition to the general increase in adiposity in European youth, there is also evidence of an increasing degree of obesity, particularly in older children and adolescents. No definite conclusions can be made about the respective contribution of energy intake and physical activity to the increasing prevalence of obesity. Changing demographic and social circumstances are linked to childhood obesity but it is highly unlikely that these interact in similar ways in the genesis of obesity in different individuals and population groups. In conclusion, the limited understanding of the variability in susceptibility to obesity in European youth provides powerful justification for the development of preventive strategies which are population based rather than selectively targeted at high-risk children.
Establishing good dietary habits – capturing the minds of children
Authors: Westenhoefer Joachim 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:To review the psycho-social research with respect to relevance for the development of nutritional education strategies.Results:The eating behaviour of the newborn baby is controlled by innate preferences and dislikes, and by biological self-regulation. These innate control-systems are modified by learning processes, most importantly by the mere exposure to unknown food, by social influences, and by associating the physiological consequences of food intake with taste cues. The last decades have witnessed a change of the social meaning of food and eating, and the social context of eating is subject to dramatic changes. While on the one hand, prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, even young children deliberately practise weight control measures ranging from selective food choice to self-induced vomiting thus including behaviours which are clearly symptomatic of eating disorders. Such behaviour is motivated by unrealistic conceptions of a healthy body weight and shape. Children are interested in a range of nutrition topics. However, these topics have to be related to direct perceivable benefits from nutrition.Conclusions:Educational strategies should: firstly, focus on providing a variety of foods, including a range of nutrient-dense ‘healthy’ food and encouraging children to taste it; secondly, provide a stable and predictive pattern of social eating occasions to promote the social meaning and importance of eating and to enable social learning of food preferences; and finally, encourage a positive body image by providing advice and reassurance regarding the range of healthy and acceptable body weights and shapes.
School-based nutrition education: lessons learned and new perspectives
Authors: Pérez-Rodrigo Carmen , Aranceta Javier 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNutrition is a major environmental influence on physical and mental growth and development in early life. Food habits during infancy can influence preferences and practices in later life and some evidence suggests fair to moderate tracking of food habits from childhood to adolescence1–4. Studies support that good nutrition contributes to improving the wellbeing of children and their potential learning ability, thus contributing to better school performance5–7. Children and young people who learn healthy eating habits, are encouraged to be physically active, to avoid smoking and to learn to manage stress, have the potential for reduced impact of chronic diseases in adulthood4–8. Nutrition education is a key element to promoting lifelong healthy eating and exercise behaviours and should start from the early stages of life8–11; it should also address the specific nutritional needs associated with pregnancy, including reinforcing breastfeeding12.Food habits are complex in nature and multiple conditioning factors interact in their development13. Young children do not choose what they eat, but their parents decide and prepare the food for them. During infancy and early childhood the family is a key environment for children to learn and develop food preferences and eating habits. As they grow and start school, teachers, peers and other people at school, together with the media and social leaders, become more important. Progressively children become more independent and start making their own food choices. The peer group is very important for adolescents and has a major influence in developing both food habits and lifestyles13.Community trials suggest that nutrition education is an accessible effective tool in health promotion programmes with a focus on the development of healthy eating practices14, 15.
Dietary intake and nutritional status of US adult marijuana users: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Smit Ellen , Crespo Carlos J 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectives:This study examined dietary intakes and nutritional status of marijuana users and non-current marijuana users in US adults aged 20 to 59 years.Methods:We used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994. Information on self-reported drug use, including marijuana, was obtained as part of the NHANES III physical examination component. Nutritional status was assessed using height and weight, and blood biochemistries. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour recall and a food-frequency questionnaire.Results:Among adults 20–59 years of age, 45% reported ever having used marijuana in their lifetime. A total of 8.7% reported using marijuana in the past month. Current marijuana users had higher intakes of energy and nutrients than non-current marijuana users; however, body mass index (BMI) was slightly lower. We found higher cigarette-smoking rates and higher consumption of sodas and alcohol, specifically beer, among marijuana users than among non-current marijuana users. Marijuana users also consumed more sodium, fewer fruits, and more pork, cheese, and salty snacks. Nutritional status, using indicators of serum nutrients, serum albumin, haematocrit and haemoglobin, was similar between marijuana users and non-current marijuana users. Serum carotenoid levels were lower among marijuana users, independent of cigarette smoking.Conclusion:Dietary intake was different among marijuana users than among non-current marijuana users. Although overall nutritional status was similar, serum carotenoid levels were lower in marijuana users. The long-term health effects of these differences in marijuana users deserve careful consideration in future research.
Does the condition of the mouth and teeth affect the ability to eat certain foods, nutrient and dietary intake and nutritional status amongst older people?
Authors: Sheiham A , Steele J 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectives:To assess how the dental status of older people affected their stated ability to eat common foods, their nutrient intake and some nutrition-related blood analytes.Design:Cross-sectional survey part of nation-wide British National Diet and Nutrition Survey: people aged 65 years and older. Data from a questionnaire were linked to clinical data and data from four-day weighed dietary records. Two separate representative samples: a free-living and an institutional sample. Seven-hundred-and-fifty-three free-living and 196 institution subjects had a dental exam and interview.Results:About one in five dentate (with natural teeth) free-living people had difficulty eating raw carrots, apples, well-done steak or nuts. Foods such as nuts, apples and raw carrots could not be eaten easily by over half edentate (without natural teeth but with dentures) people in institutions. In free-living, intakes of most nutrients and fruit and vegetables were significantly lower in edentate than dentate. Perceived chewing ability increased with increasing number of teeth. Daily intake of non-starch polysaccharides, protein, calcium, non-haem iron, niacin, vitamin C and intrinsic and milk sugars were significantly lower in edentate. Plasma ascorbate and retinol were significantly lower in the edentate than dentate. Plasma ascorbate was significantly related to the number of teeth and posterior contacting pairs of teeth.Conclusions:The presence, number and distribution of natural teeth are related to the ability to eat certain foods, affecting nutrient intakes and two biochemical measures of nutritional status.
The consumption of rye bread and white bread as dimensions of health lifestyles in Finland
Authors: Prättälä Ritva , elasoja Ville , Mykkänen Hannu 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:The aim of this research was to describe the variation in bread consumption within social classes and to link this consumption to health-related lifestyles in Finland from 1978 until 1998.Design:A cross-sectional survey on health-related behaviour and socio-demographic factors has been conducted annually since 1978.Setting:Mailed questionnaire.Subjects:A random sample of 5000 Finns aged 15–64 years has been drawn annually. The response rate has varied from 84% to 68%.Results:The consumption of rye bread decreased, but among the female population a slight increase appeared in the 1990s. The consumption of rye bread was associated with a low educational level and a rural place of residence. White bread was consumed less than was rye bread. White bread was consumed more frequently by the less educated in urban areas. Contrary to white bread, the consumption of rye bread was not associated with smoking, exercise or alcohol consumption.Conclusions:The traditional place of rye bread in the Finnish dietary pattern has remained rather constant. White bread consumption has been associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. As a result, those Finns who are concerned about their health avoid white bread but seem not to associate rye bread with a healthier lifestyle. In Finland, rye bread has a different image to the image of whole-grain or dark brown bread in many other western European countries.
Disparities in vegetable and fruit consumption: European cases from the north to the south
Authors: Roos Gun , Johansson Lars , Kasmel Anu , Klumbiené Jurate , Prättälä Ritva 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:To present disparities in consumption of vegetables and fruits in Europe and to discuss how educational level, region and level of consumption influence the variation.Design:A review of selected studies from 1985 to 1997.Setting/subjects:33 studies (13 dietary surveys, nine household budget surveys and 11 health behaviour surveys) representing 15 European countries were selected based on criteria developed as part of the study. Association between educational level and consumption of vegetables and fruits was registered for each study and common conclusions were identified.Results:In the majority of the studies, with the exception of a few in southern and eastern Europe, consumption of vegetables and fruits was more common among those with higher education. The results suggest that in regions where consumption of vegetables and fruits is more common, the lower social classes tend to consume more of these than the higher social classes.Conclusions:The differences in the patterns of disparities in vegetable and fruit consumption between regions, as well as within populations, need to be considered when efforts to improve nutrition and health are planned.
The accuracy of self-reported weight by overweight and obese women in an outpatient setting
Authors: Rossouw Katja , Senekal Marjanne , Stander Ilse 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:To investigate the accuracy of self-reported weight of overweight and obese women and characterisation of under-, correct- and over-reporters based on a number of related variables.Design:Weight was self-reported before entering the study. At baseline, actual weight was recorded, and demographic, health, nutritional, psychological and physical activity questionnaires were completed.Setting:A hospital outpatient department.Subjects:Participants were 131 women aged 18–64 years with a body mass index (BMI)≥ 28 attending a Comprehensive Weight Management Programme.Outcome measures:The accuracy of self-reported weight was investigated for the total group, and the subjects were then categorised into three groups according to accuracy of self-reported weight (under-, correct- and over-reporters). The relationship between these accuracy groups and demographic, health, nutritional, and psychological variables and physical activity was examined, to characterise the under-, correct- and over-reporters.Results:Although not statistically significantly different, the total group of women tended to underestimate their weight by 0.8 (±3.6) kg. Categorisation according to the accuracy groups revealed that 29% underestimated their weight by 2 kg or more, 19% overestimated their weight by 2 kg or more, and only 52% correctly estimated their weight within 2 kg. Some trends and statistically significant differences between the accuracy groups concerning certain variables, e.g. height, age, income, education, contraceptive pill usage, smoking and food choices were evident.Conclusions:Self-reported weight of a group of overweight/obese individuals may be a valid and reliable indicator of actual weight, but self-reported weight of an overweight/obese individual can not be interpreted similarly. Further research is necessary to ensure reliable characterisation of under-, over- and correct reporters.