bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Postmodern Individual: Structural Determinants of Attitudes
Authors: Wernet Christine , Elman Cheryl , Pendleton Brian 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis study uses the World Values Survey and country level data to explore how social structure, especially cross-national differences in female education, reproductive freedom, and participation in state policy formation, is related to attitudes of postmaterialism and gender ideology. Thefindings show that pro-woman state structure and policies are associated with higher educational attainment for citizens, higher work attainment and income levels, and greater satisfaction. Moreover, women and men who live in states with pro-woman policies are more postmodern in their attitudes; these individuals more readily support gender equality and prefer a culturally rich, high quality of life over economic gain. Women also have more postmodern attitudes than men. This research identifies the structural components and the social processes associated with the holding of individual attitudes, as suggested by House.
"One Civility, But Multiple Religions": Jesuit Mission Among St. Thomas Christians in India (16th-17th Centuries)
Authors: Županov Ines 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe encounter between the Jesuit missionaries and the St. Thomas Christians or Syrian Christians in Kerala in the second part of the sixteenth century was for both sides a significant opening to different cultural beliefs and routines. An important and understudied outcome of this encounter, documented here on the Jesuit side, was the possibility of accepting religious plurality, at least within Christianity. The answers to the questions of how to deal with religious diversity in Christianity and globally, oscillated between demands for violent annihilation of the opponents and cultural relativism. The principal argument in this paper is that it was the encounter with these "ancient" Indian Christians that made the missionaries aware of the importance of the accommodationist method of conversion. This controversial method, employed in the Jesuit overseas missions among the "heathens", was therefore first thought out and tested in their mission among the St. Thomas Christians in the late sixteenth century.
An investigation into arsenic(V) removal from aqueous solutions by hydroxylapatite and bone-char
Authors: Sneddon I. R. , Garelick H. , Valsami-Jones E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractArsenic(V) removal from aqueous solution following addition of either a mixture of synthetic hydroxylapatite and baryte or bone-char is discussed. Arsenic concentrations of 4, 10 and 100 mg/l were investigated and additions of 0.2—10 g/l of solid (hydroxylapatite, baryte or bone-char) were tested, at an initial pH of either 5 or 7. Although the mixture of hydroxylapatite and baryte had a small influence on arsenic concentrations, bone-char was found to be a very effective sorbing agent for arsenic(V). Packed-column studies to investigate the bone-char capacity, followed by leaching tests were carried out. The capacity of bone-char was found to be superior to that of granular activated carbon. The experiments presented here indicate that the mechanism involved is adsorption rather than co-precipitation.
Preservation and XANES determination of the oxidation state of solid-phase arsenic in shallow sedimentary aquifers in Bengal and Cambodia
Authors: Rowland H. A. L. , Gault A. G. , Charnock J. M. , Polya D. A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDetermination of the solid-phase arsenic speciation in sediments hosting high-arsenic groundwaters, utilized for drinking and irrigation in Bengal, SE Asia and elsewhere is important in order to understand the biogeochemistry of arsenic. Despite this, there is a relative paucity of speciation data for solid-phase arsenic in such systems, due to preservation difficulties, low arsenic concentrations in the sediments, multiple coordination environments and sample heterogeneity. In this study, X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was used in conjunction with linear least-squares fitting of model compounds to determine the oxidation state of arsenic in sediments from West Bengal and Cambodia. Whatever the collection and storage method used, substantial oxidation of arsenic was commonly observed over periods of weeks to several months. Sands were particularly susceptible to changes in arsenic oxidation state during storage. Analysis within two or three weeks of collection is therefore recommended, whilst on-site storage under a nitrogen atmosphere immediately after collection is particularly recommended for the preservation of sandy samples. Both muds and sands from West Bengal and Cambodia were dominated by arsenite (As(III)) with <35±10% arsenate (As(V)). Complete oxidation to arsenate was never observed suggesting that a significant proportion of the sedimentary arsenic is inaccessible within crystalline phases. Centrifuging under anaerobic conditions enabled more detailed information about a variety of arsenic coordination environments to be determined.
ESTree db: a Tool for Peach Functional Genomics
Authors: Lazzari Barbara , Caprera Andrea , Vecchietti Alberto , Stella Alessandra , Milanesi Luciano , Pozzi Carlo 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Background
The ESTree db http://www.itb.cnr.it/estree/ represents a collection of Prunus persica expressed sequenced tags (ESTs) and is intended as a resource for peach functional genomics. A total of 6,155 successful EST sequences were obtained from four in-house prepared cDNA libraries from Prunus persica mesocarps at different developmental stages. Another 12,475 peach EST sequences were downloaded from public databases and added to the ESTree db. An automated pipeline was prepared to process EST sequences using public software integrated by in-house developed Perl scripts and data were collected in a MySQL database. A php-based web interface was developed to query the database.

Results
The ESTree db version as of April 2005 encompasses 18,630 sequences representing eight libraries. Contig assembly was performed with CAP3. Putative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection was performed with the AutoSNP program and a search engine was implemented to retrieve results. All the sequences and all the contig consensus sequences were annotated both with blastx against the GenBank nr db and with GOblet against the viridiplantae section of the Gene Ontology db. Links to NiceZyme (Expasy) and to the KEGG metabolic pathways were provided. A local BLAST utility is available. A text search utility allows querying and browsing the database. Statistics were provided on Gene Ontology occurrences to assign sequences to Gene Ontology categories.

Conclusion
The resulting database is a comprehensive resource of data and links related to peach EST sequences. The Sequence Report and Contig Report pages work as the web interface core structures, giving quick access to data related to each sequence/contig.
Improving interoperability between microbial information and sequence databases
Authors: Romano Paolo , Dawyndt Peter , Piersigilli Francesca , Swings Jean 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Background
Biological resources are essential tools for biomedical research. Their availability is promoted through on-line catalogues. Common Access to Biological Resources and Information (CABRI) is a service for distribution of biological resources and related data collected by 28 European culture collections. Linking this information to bioinformatics databanks can make the collections' holdings more visible after a search in molecular biology databanks and vice-versa. Identification of links to sequence databases can be useful, but annotation and indexing problems, together with compilation errors, immediately arise. In this paper, we present our efforts for the identification of cross-references between CABRI catalogues and the EMBL Data Library and related results.

Results
An SRS site with both EMBL and CABRI catalogues has been set up. Ad-hoc changes in indexing scripts allowed to achieve homogeneous index keys and SRS link features have been used to identify links between databases. After manual checking and comparison with an alternative procedure, about 67,500 valid cross-references were identified, added to the EMBL Data Library and are now distributed with it. HTML links can be established from EMBL to CABRI network service. Procedures can be executed whenever needed.

Conclusion
Links between EMBL and CABRI catalogues constitute an improved access to micro-organisms of certified quality and can produce positive effects on biomedical research. Further links between CABRI catalogues and other bioinformatics databases can now easily be defined by using these cross-references. Linking genetic information onto natural resources information may stand model for the integration of other databases containing empirical data on these materials.
HmtDB, a Human Mitochondrial Genomic Resource Based on Variability Studies Supporting Population Genetics and Biomedical Research
Authors: Attimonelli Marcella , Accetturo Matteo , Santamaria Monica , Lascaro Daniela , Scioscia Gaetano , Pappadà Graziano , Russo Luigi , Zanchetta Luigi , Tommaseo-Ponzetta Mila 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Background
Population genetics studies based on the analysis of mtDNA and mitochondrial disease studies have produced a huge quantity of sequence data and related information. These data are at present worldwide distributed in differently organised databases and web sites not well integrated among them. Moreover it is not generally possible for the user to submit and contemporarily analyse its own data comparing them with the content of a given database, both for population genetics and mitochondrial disease data.

Results
HmtDB is a well-integrated web-based human mitochondrial bioinformatic resource aimed at supporting population genetics and mitochondrial disease studies, thanks to a new approach based on site-specific nucleotide and aminoacid variability estimation. HmtDB consists of a database of Human Mitochondrial Genomes, annotated with population data, and a set of bioinformatic tools, able to produce site-specific variability data and to automatically characterize newly sequenced human mitochondrial genomes. A query system for the retrieval of genomes and a web submission tool for the annotation of new genomes have been designed and will soon be implemented. The first release contains 1255 fully annotated human mitochondrial genomes. Nucleotide site-specific variability data and multialigned genomes can be downloaded. Intra-human and inter-species aminoacid variability data estimated on the 13 coding for proteins genes of the 1255 human genomes and 60 mammalian species are also available. HmtDB is freely available, upon registration, at http://www.hmdb.uniba.it.

Conclusion
The HmtDB project will contribute towards completing and/or refining haplogroup classification and revealing the real pathogenic potential of mitochondrial mutations, on the basis of variability estimation.
Query3d: a new method for high-throughput analysis of functional residues in protein structures
Authors: Ausiello Gabriele , Via Allegra , Helmer-Citterich Manuela 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Background
The identification of local similarities between two protein structures can provide clues of a common function. Many different methods exist for searching for similar subsets of residues in proteins of known structure. However, the lack of functional and structural information on single residues, together with the low level of integration of this information in comparison methods, is a limitation that prevents these methods from being fully exploited in high-throughput analyses.

Results
Here we describe Query3d, a program that is both a structural DBMS (Database Management System) and a local comparison method. The method conserves a copy of all the residues of the Protein Data Bank annotated with a variety of functional and structural information. New annotations can be easily added from a variety of methods and known databases. The algorithm makes it possible to create complex queries based on the residues' function and then to compare only subsets of the selected residues. Functional information is also essential to speed up the comparison and the analysis of the results.

Conclusion
With Query3d, users can easily obtain statistics on how many and which residues share certain properties in all proteins of known structure. At the same time, the method also finds their structural neighbours in the whole PDB. Programs and data can be accessed through the PdbFun web interface.
Lyric Cryptography
Authors: Shoptaw John 
Published: December 2005

Poetry readers have traditionally followed Alexander Pope's dictum,“The sound must seem an echo to the sense.” In this model, poetic sounds at most second or underscore meanings already there. In this article I describe a different kind of poetry writing and reading, one in which sound actually precedes and helps produce meaning. I suggest, for example, that the surprising “shatter” in Milton's “Lycidas” (“I come to / Shatter your leaves...) is a distortion of the more commonscatter, and that Shakespeare's description of “boughs whichshake against the cold, / Bare ruined choirs...” is partly shaped by the syllables of the author's name. I call this processlyric cryptography. I justify cryptography by recourse not to authorial intention (Milton and Shakespeare may not even have been aware of the cryptographs I identify in their texts) but to what I call the textual act: the poet's act of setting the text and letting it stand. Cryptography is a form of productive reading, a practice that involves taking the poem neither as an isolated object nor merely as a document for cultural study, but as the product of multiple forces, some of them deriving from the poet (his or her psyche, biography, education, poetics,intention, etc.), others from his or her history, culture, and especially language.My aim in this essay is to explore the whole range of cryptographic possibilities and also to differentiate cryptography from other related phenomena (puns, wordplay, Freudian slips, and so on). I hope to demonstrate that cryptographic writing (and, to a lesser extent, reading) is utterly pervasive—a feature of mainstream as well as avant-garde writing.
“I manured the land with my mother's letters”: Avot Yeshurun and the Question of Avant-Garde
Authors: Lachman Lilach 
Published: December 2005

Although historians of the avant-garde have noted the double requirement for innovators to dramatize a provocative verbal action that experiments with form, the interaction between the ideology and poetics of avant-garde poetry has been largely neglected. Recent studies point to the contradiction between avant-garde poetry's stance of rebellion and its inevitable historicization. Less attention has been paid to the relationship between the negated or undermined tradition and the process whereby experimentation becomes a new tradition.In this paper I explore these questions with reference to the work of the Israeli poet, Avot Yeshurun—in particular, how the mother tongue underlying his Hebrew writing forms a subversive tradition and, as such,fulfills new, unprecedented roles in his poetry. I discuss the ways in which the montage (of words, perspectives, languages, and cultural worlds) and the interplay between autobiography and poetics inform the gradual self-codification of his work. Of central importance is the dynamic whereby quotation montage is made to carry the transgressive force of Yeshurun's work—with ideological and historical, as well as poetic, consequences. All this leads to a reevaluation of Yeshurun's position vis-à-vis Israeli modernism.
Print Is Flat, Code Is Deep: The Importance of Media-Specific Analysis
Authors: Hayles N. Katherine 
Published: December 2005

Lulled into somnolence by five hundred years of print, literary analysis should awaken to the importance of media-specific analysis, a mode of critical attention which recognizes that all texts are instantiated and that the nature of the medium in which they are instantiated matters. Central to repositioning critical inquiry, so it can attend to the specificity of the medium, is a more robust notion of materiality. Materiality is reconceptualized as the interplay between a text's physical characteristics and its signifying strategies, a move that entwines instantiation and signification at the outset. This definition opens the possibility of considering texts as embodied entities while still maintaining a central focus on interpretation. It makes materiality an emergent property, so that it cannot be specified in advance,as if it were a pregiven entity. Rather, materiality is open to debate and interpretation, ensuring that discussions about the text's“meaning” will also take into account its physical specificity as well.Following the emphasis on media-specific analysis, nine points can be made about the specificities of electronic hypertext: they are dynamic images; they include both analogue resemblance and digital coding; they are generated through fragmentation and recombination; they have depth and operate in three dimensions; they are written in code as well as natural language; they are mutable and transformable; they are spaces to navigate; they are written and read in distributed cognitive environments; and they initiate and demand cyborg reading practices.
Effects of Tennessee Medicaid Managed Care On Obstetrical Care and Birth Outcomes
Authors: Conover Christopher J. , Rankin Peter J. , Sloan Frank A. 
Published: December 2005

A comparative study was conducted in two neighboring states, Tennessee and North Carolina, to determine whether Medicaid managed care (implemented in Tennessee as TennCare) affected prenatal care, care patterns at labor-delivery, and birth outcomes. A pre- and post-design coupled with a difference-in-difference approach—using North Carolina as a control—was used to assess TennCare's effects for all births and for three categories of high-risk mothers (under age eighteen, unwed, or living in high poverty areas). Data from 328,296 singleton births in birth files and matched birth-death files for 1993 and 1995 in both states were used to analyze a number of variables related to maternal behavior during pregnancy,utilization of care before and after labor-delivery, patterns of obstetrical care at delivery, and birth outcomes.Under TennCare, Tennessee mothers were relatively more likely to obtain no prenatal care or to wait and initiate third trimester care as compared to those in North Carolina. Relative utilization of specific prenatal procedures declined, Apgar scores fell very slightly, and birth abnormalities increased in the poverty subsample. TennCare had no significant effect on infant mortality. Utilization reductions in obstetrical services were achieved with apparent spillovers to non-TennCare births, but without adverse effects overall. TennCare was neither a panacea nor an unmitigated disaster. It is a model worth examining, but not uncritically.
Efforts to Improve Patient Safety in Large, Capitated Medical Groups: Description and Conceptual Model
Authors: Miller Robert H. , Bovbjerg Randall R. 
Published: December 2005

Medical care should be safer. Inpatient problems and solutions have received the most attention; this outpatient qualitative case study addresses a gap in knowledge. We describe safety improvements among large physician groups, model the key influences on their behavior, and identify beneficial public and private policies. All groups were trying to reduce medical injury,which was part of the sample design. The most commonly targeted problems are those that are similar across groups: shortcomings in diagnosis, abnormal tests follow-up, scope of practice and referral patterns, and continuity of care. Medical group innovators vary greatly, however, in implementation of improvements, that is, in the extent to which they implement process changes that identify events/problems, analyze and track incidents, decide how to change clinical and administrative practices, and monitor impacts of the changes.Our conceptual model identifies key determinants: (1) demand for safety comes from external factors: legal, market, and professional; (2)organizational responses depend on internal factors: group size, scope, and integration; leadership and governance; professional culture;information-system assets; and financial and intellectual capital. Further,safety is an aspect of quality (the same tools, decision making,interventions, and monitoring apply), and safety management benefits from prior efficiency management (similar skills and culture of innovation).Observed variation in even simple safeguards shows that existing safety incentives are too weak. Our model suggests that the biggest improvement would come from boosting the demand for quality and safety from both private and public larger group purchasers. Current policy relies too much on litigation and discipline, which have sometimes helped, but not solved, problems because they are inefficient, tend to drive needed information underground, and complicate needed cultural change. Patients' safety demand is also weak for want of information and market power. Big purchasers' demands, however,quickly influence the internal environment of medical groups, helping managers advance quality safety toward the top of groups' congested decision-making“queues.”
Health Manpower Planning in Slovenia: A Policy Analysis of the Changes in Roles of Stakeholders and Methodologies
Authors: Albreht Tit , Klazinga Niek 
Published: December 2005

A heightened awareness about medical manpower issues can be observed in countries that are in a state of political, economic, and social transition. Slovenia entered the transition process in 1989 and became an independent country in 1991. Transition and independence influenced its health care in several ways. It changed the health care system and its financing (by introducing a Bismarckian style of social insurance). It then redistributed power from the Ministry of Health to several stakeholders. A major change occurred in the labor market in health care when the flow of health professionals from the newly independent countries greatly decreased. The decrease was partly due to the consequences of the war in the Balkans and partly due to independent labor legislation in Slovenia. Transitional changes brought new stakeholders to the scene, with a resulting redistribution of responsibilities for health manpower policies and the use of various methodologies.
This policy analysis offers a detailed description of the contextual framework, quantitative data on medical manpower development, and, most important, interviews with representatives of the key stakeholders and study of relevant policy documents.
We conclude that all stakeholders underpin the need for a structured approach toward health manpower planning in the form of a more coherent system of planning, decision making, and control. A compromise on mutual responsibilities between the less dominant Ministry of Health and the two new powerful stakeholders, the Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia and the Medical Chamber of Slovenia, seems necessary.
Structuralism: A Destitution of the Subject?
Authors: BALIBAR ÉTIENNE 
Published: December 2005

étienne balibar is Professor of Critical Theory at the University of California, Irvine, and Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of Paris X-Nanterre. His recent publications include Droit de cité (Presses Universitaires de France, 2002) and Politics and the Other Scene (Verso, 2002). A translation of his Nous, les citoyens d'Europe is forthcoming from Princeton University Press.Translated by James Swensonjames swenson teaches French at Rutgers University. He is the author of On Jean-Jacques Rousseau Considered as One of the First Authors of the Revolution (Stanford University Press, 2000) and translator of books and articles by Étienne Balibar, Jacques Rancière, and Jacques Lacan, among others.