bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human resource management innovations: Determinants of their adoption and implementation
Authors: Wolfe Richard A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe benefits of innovation to many organizational functions are well documented. Very little research has addressed innovation within the HRM function, however. Given the importance of the HRM function to organizational competitiveness, successful HRM innovations (HRMIs) can be important determinants of organizational success. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to understanding HRMIs, and thus, to assist managers in making more informed decisions regarding their adoption and implementation. In order to do so this article: (1) describes and defines HRMIs; (2) reviews three studies of HRMI implementation; (3) develops a model of HRMI implementation; and (4) discusses research and practical implications of the HRMI model. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Stochastic simulation of physicochemical processes performance over supported metal nanoparticles
Authors: Kovalyov Evgenii V. , Elokhin Vladimir I. , Myshlyavtsev Aleksandr V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe statistical lattice model has been proposed which permits one to take into account the change in the shape and surface morphology of the nanoparticle under the influence of the reaction media. The influence of monomolecular and dissociative adsorption on the particles equilibrium shape and surface morphology has been studied. It has been shown that by taking into account of attraction “adsorbate‐metal” the reshaping of the initial hemispheric particle into cone‐shaped one occurs induced by adsorption, similar to the experimentally observed reversible reshaping of active nanoparticles. The model reaction A+B2 has been studied taking into account the roughening of the active particle surface and the spillover phenomena of the adsorbed Aads species over the support surface. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Heterogeneity of presentation and outcome in the Irish rapid‐onset dystonia–Parkinsonism kindred
Authors: McKeon Andrew , Ozelius Laurie J. , Hardiman Oria , Greenway Matthew J. , Pittock Sean J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe authors report a 7‐year follow‐up video study and molecular data on the Irish rapid‐onset dystonia–Parkinsonism kindred. All affected patients tested had a missense mutation in the Na+/K+ ‐ATPase α3 subunit (ATP1A3), twice previously identified, suggestive of a mutation hotspot. Clinical presentation, progression, and outcome in this kindred is varied. Some patients remain stable over many years, others worsen, have a fluctuating course, or improve over time. To date there have been no effective treatments for this disorder, although Na+/K+ ATPase may be a future therapeutic target. The broad phenotypic spectrum of RDP described in the text and detailed in the video, should be considered when evaluating patients with dystonia. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Prevalence of essential tremor in patients with Parkinson's disease vs. Parkinson‐plus syndromes
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Frucht Steven J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractClinical literature suggests an association between essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and recent pathological studies describe Lewy bodies in some ET patients. If some ET were an expression of Lewy body disease, one could hypothesize that ET patients who develop parkinsonism would more likely develop PD (a Lewy body disease) than non‐Lewy body forms of parkinsonism. The objective was to compare the proportions of patients with PD vs. Parkinson‐plus syndromes who had diagnoses of ET. Retrospective chart review at the Neurological Institute (NI) of New York. A larger proportion of the 210 PD than 210 Parkinson‐plus syndrome patients had kinetic tremor on examination (119 [56.7%] vs. 70 [33.3%], P < 0.001). Patients with PD were more likely to have a prior diagnosis of ET than were patients with Parkinson‐plus syndromes (7.1% vs. 2.4%, OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.13–8.85, P = 0.02) and more likely to have a diagnosis of ET assigned by an NI neurologist (5.3% vs. 0.0%, OR 12.85, 95% CI 1.66–99.8, P = 0.001). Patients with PD were three to thirteen times more likely to have diagnoses of ET than were patients with Parkinson‐plus syndromes. These data further confirm the link between ET and PD, and possibly, between ET and Lewy body disease. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Antineuronal antibody status and phenotype analysis in Tourette's syndrome
Authors: Martino Davide , Defazio Giovanni , Church Andrew J. , Dale Russell C. , Giovannoni Gavin , Robertson Mary M. , Orth Michael 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) spectrum includes psychiatric comorbidities, mainly obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention‐deficit‐hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The role of environmental factors, e.g., antineuronal antibodies (ANeA), remains unclear. We compared the clinical features of ANeA‐positive and ANeA‐negative patients in 53 children and 75 adults with GTS. All diagnoses were made according to DSM‐IV‐TR criteria. A positive ANeA Western immunoblot showed bands for at least 1 of 3 reported striatal antigens (40, 45, and 60 kDa). Twelve children (23%) and 18 adults (25%) with GTS were ANeA‐positive. Disease duration, tic phenomenology and severity, frequency of echo/pali/coprophenomena, self‐injurious and aggressive behavior, or frequency of OCD comorbidity did not significantly differ between ANeA‐positive and negative patients. Similar findings were obtained analyzing separately the three different antibody reactivities. A comorbid diagnosis of ADHD was significantly less frequent in GTS patients positive for the anti‐60 kDa antibody only. Using a multivariate logistic regression model, adjusting for age, gender, and age at disease onset, a comorbid diagnosis of ADHD remained inversely associated with anti‐60 kDa antibodies (odds ratio = 0.14; P = 0.002; 95% confidence interval 0.04–0.49). ANeA status does not differentiate a specific phenotype of GTS. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Efficacy and tolerability of entacapone versus cabergoline in parkinsonian patients suffering from wearing‐off
Authors: Deuschl Günther , Vaitkus Antanas , Fox Gabriele‐Cornelia , Roscher Torsten , Schremmer Dieter , Gordin Ariel 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this 12‐wk, multi‐center, randomized, open‐label, rater‐blinded study, efficacy and tolerability of Entacapone (ENT) or Cabergoline (CBG) in conjunction with levodopa were compared in 161 older Parkinson's disease patients with wearing‐off. Patients received either ENT, 3 to 5 times daily, or CBG, titrated according to requirements to a maximum of 6 mg/d. A significant decrease of nearly 2 hours in the daily OFF‐time (primary efficacy variable) was recorded in both treatment groups. The non‐inferiority test failed despite a trend in favor of ENT. Reduction in OFF‐time occurred faster in the ENT compared to the CBG treated patients. A decrease of ∼20% was detected in parts II and III of the UPDRS, with no differences between the groups. Forty‐three percent of the patients in the ENT group reported dyskinesias at baseline, and 35% at the final visit. The corresponding figures in the CBG group were 46% and 43%. Quality of life, measured by PDQ‐39, increased substantially with both ENT and CBG. The mean daily dosage at the final visit was 698 mg for ENT (plus 447 mg levodopa) and 3.45 mg for CBG (plus 475 mg levodopa). Adverse events (AE), leading to discontinuation, were reported in 8.5% of the ENT and 13.9% of the CBG treated patients. Nausea was the most common AE in each group, corresponding figures being 7.3% with ENT and 25.3% with CBG (P = 0.0024). A probable or possible causal relationship with ENT was reported in 41% and with CBG in 64% of the AE. Among these, only one serious AE (dehydration) was recorded with each treatment group. ENT and CBG reduced the patient's motor complications effectively and to a similar degree. The clinical benefit was more quickly apparent with ENT, which also showed a more favorable AE profile than CBG. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Prospective neuroimaging study in hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum
Authors: França Marcondes C. , D'Abreu Anelyssa , Maurer‐Morelli Cláudia V. , Seccolin Rodrigo , Appenzeller Simone , Alessio Andréia , Damasceno Benito P. , Nucci Anamarli , Cendes Fernando , Lopes‐Cendes Iscia 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOur objective was to estimate the frequency as well as to establish the clinical and neuroimaging profile of hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum (HSP‐TCC). HSP‐TCC was recognized as a specific clinical subtype of HSP and mapped to chromosome (ch) 15q13‐15 in Japanese families. It has been considered rare in western countries. We assessed 45 patients with autosomal recessive HSP from 20 different families in search of clinical and imaging criteria for the diagnosis of HSP‐TCC. In addition, HSP‐TCC patients underwent further neurological, imaging and genetic evaluation. MRI scans were performed in a 2T scanner and sagittal T1 weighted images used for semiautomated volumetric measurements of corpus callosum, cerebellum, and brain. In seven patients, a 2‐year follow‐up MRI scan was performed. We genotyped seven microsatellite markers flanking the 15q13‐15 candidate region and calculated two‐point and multipoint LOD scores (Z). We identified 13 patients from seven unrelated families with HSP‐TCC. MRI showed significant corpus callosum, cerebral and cerebellar volumetric reductions (P < 0.001, P = 0.03, and P = 0.01, respectively). In the prospective analysis, we found progressive corpus callosum atrophy (P = 0.04). Two‐point and multipoint LOD scores were significantly negative for markers genotyped on ch 15q. However, independent pedigree analysis did not yield significant results. HSP‐TCC was found in 35% of families with autosomal recessive HSP. MRI volumetry showed cerebral and cerebellar atrophy in association with progressive corpus callosum thinning. Genetic studies did not show evidence for linkage to ch 15q. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Inhibitory control and spatial working memory in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Gurvich Caroline , Georgiou‐Karistianis Nellie , Fitzgerald Paul B. , Millist Lyn , White Owen B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have difficulty performing tasks relying on inhibitory control and working memory, functions of the prefrontal cortex. Eye movement paradigms can be used to investigate basic sensorimotor functions and higher order cognitive aspects of motor control. This study investigated inhibitory control and spatial working memory in the saccadic system of 13 individuals with mild‐moderate PD and 13 age‐matched controls. Tasks explored suppression of reflexive saccades during qualitatively different tasks, generation of express and anticipatory saccades, and the ability to respond to occasional, unpredictable (“oddball”) targets that occurred during a sequence of well‐learned, reciprocating saccades between horizontal targets. Spatial working memory was assessed using single and two‐step (involving a visually guided saccade during the delay period) memory‐guided tasks. Results for the PD group indicated an increased percentage of response selection errors during an oddball task, reduced suppression of inappropriate reflexive saccades during memory‐guided tasks (but not during fixation or saccade‐engagement tasks), and an increased percentage of express and anticipatory saccades. Spatial working memory was preserved in the PD group during single and two‐step memory‐guided tasks. These findings are consistent with dysfunction within fronto‐striatal and prefrontal‐collicular pathways influencing suppression and selection of eye movements. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Silas Weir Mitchell's essential tremor
Authors: Louis Elan D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSilas Weir Mitchell (1829–1914) is recognized as an important American neurologist. Biographers refer in brief to a tremor. The objective of this review was to characterize Mitchell's tremor using handwriting samples, to examine handwriting samples of family members to determine whether this tremor was familial, and study Mitchell's allusions to tremor in personal, scientific, and fictional writings. Primary sources were the Papers of S. Weir Mitchell, College of Physicians of Philadelphia, and Mitchell's scientific and fictional writings. Mitchell's early handwriting was tremor‐free yet, by 1873, the writing was tremulous. Handwriting in the 1880s and 1890s shows clear oscillations of moderate‐amplitude. By the first decade of the 20th century, his handwriting was virtually illegible. Letters written by two siblings, his mother, and maternal grandfather also reveal tremor. Tremor was not prominent in Mitchell's personal or scientific writings and Mitchell referred to tremor in only 4 of 27 fictional writings In conclusion, Mitchell had a familial action tremor that began when he was in his early 40's and worsened considerably with age. The likely diagnosis was essential tremor. Curiously, Mitchell rarely alluded to tremor in personal writings and tremor was not prominently featured in his scientific or fictional works. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Reliability and validity of the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia: A study in 64 ataxia patients
Authors: Weyer Anja , Abele Michael , Schmitz‐Hübsch Tanja , Schoch Beate , Frings Markus , Timmann Dagmar , Klockgether Thomas 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) in ataxia patients not suffering from autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). To this end, 64 patients with various ataxia disorders or stable cerebellar lesions were rated independently by two investigators. In addition to SARA, the following assessment instruments were applied: ataxia disease stage, Barthel index and part IV (functional assessment) of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating scale (UHDRS‐IV). Eighteen patients were rated twice. Inter‐rater and intrarater reliability were very high with ICCs of 0.98 and 0.99. Internal consistency was high indicated by Cronbach's α of 0.97. Factorial analysis revealed that the rating results were mainly determined by one major factor with an eigenvalue of 6.34 which explained 52.8% of the variance. SARA score increased with disease stage (P < 0.0001) and was closely correlated with Barthel index (r = −0.63, P < 0.0001) and UHDRS‐IV (r = −0.62, P < 0.0001), but only weakly correlated with disease duration (r = 0.44, P < 0.001). The results suggest that SARA is a reliable and valid measure of ataxia in non‐SCA ataxia patients. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Risk of incident dementia in essential tremor: A population‐based study
Authors: Bermejo‐Pareja Félix , Louis Elan D. , Benito‐León Julián 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEssential tremor (ET) is a late‐life neurological disease. Mild cognitive deficits as well as an association with prevalent dementia have been reported in recent case–control studies. We determined whether ET was associated with an increased risk of incident dementia. In a population‐based study of older people in central Spain (NEDICES), nondemented ET cases and controls were followed prospectively. Incident dementia at follow‐up was diagnosed using DSM‐IV criteria and the risk of incident dementia was estimated in ET cases versus controls using Cox proportional hazards models. 3,891 participants had a mean duration of follow‐up of 3.2 years. Sixteen (7.8%) of 206 ET cases developed incident dementia versus 145 (3.9%) of 3,685 controls (unadjusted relative risk [RR] = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.24–3.50, P = 0.006 and adjusted RR = 1.66, 95% CI = 0.99–2.80, P = 0.054). In an adjusted model, ET cases with tremor onset after age 65 years were twice as likely to develop incident dementia than were controls (RR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.14–3.45, P = 0.01), whereas ET cases with tremor onset < age 65 years and controls were equally to develop incident dementia (RR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.19–3.20, P = 0.79). Although ET is often considered a benign condition, in this prospective, population‐based study, elderly‐onset ET was associated with an increased risk of incident dementia. The basis for this dementia, which is not known, requires additional study. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Fast screening of paramagnetic molecules in zebrafish embryos by MRI
Authors: Canaple Laurence , Beuf Olivier , Armenean Mircea , Hasserodt Jens , Samarut Jacques , Janier Marc 
Published: May 2007

AbstractZebrafish embryo is a well‐established model used in many fields of modern experimental biology. We demonstrate that it provides a promising model platform for exploring fundamental MR aspects that can be used to screen and study active MR molecules before progressing to more complex living systems. Setting up a dedicated MRI methodology, we arrayed a large number of living embryos, which were microinjected at very early stages of development with different contrast agents. We also showed that MRI signal intensity correlates with the gadolinium content of zebrafish embryos. This allowed us to validate a new approach for MR compound screening. Using a specific surface coil of 5 mm inner diameter, we obtained for the first time high‐spatial‐resolution images at 7 T of living zebrafish embryos with a 47 µm isotropic voxel size with an acquisition time of 39 min. Finally, we discuss potential applications of this development: a viable in vivo assay for screening small pharmacological compounds; assessment of and tracking the action of molecules over time. Exploring in vivo biological activity, gene function analysis, and detailed characterization of disease processes in fish are natural extensions of these preliminary studies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A ‘best points’ interpolation method for efficient approximation of parametrized functions
Authors: Nguyen N. C. , Patera A. T. , Peraire J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe present an interpolation method for efficient approximation of parametrized functions. The method recognizes and exploits the low‐dimensional manifold structure of the parametrized functions to provide good approximation. Basic ingredients include a specific problem‐dependent basis set defining a low‐dimensional representation of the parametrized functions, and a set of ‘best interpolation points’ capturing the spatial‐parameter variation of the parametrized functions. The best interpolation points are defined as solution of a least‐squares minimization problem which can be solved efficiently using standard optimization algorithms. The approximation is then determined from the basis set and the best interpolation points through an inexpensive and stable interpolation procedure. In addition, an a posteriori error estimator is introduced to quantify the approximation error and requires little additional cost. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suboptimal digital LQ output feedback control design via LMI relaxations
Authors: Lee Kwan Ho 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with suboptimal linear quadratic (LQ) output feedback control of linear discrete systems. It is shown that degree of freedoms by instrumental variables employed in this paper lead to much flexibility in obtaining a suboptimal LQ controller. An improved convex optimization method involving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is suggested to solve the matrix inequalities characterizing a solution of the suboptimal LQ problem. Of the major interest of this paper is an extension to a class of nonconvex LQ problems of large size arising in decentralized feedback, simultaneous control, periodic feedback control, etc. Illustrative examples demonstrate the validity of the proposed convex approximate approach to optimal LQ output feedback control. Also, it is shown that suboptimal LQ solutions obtained by the proposed method can be used as an initial feasible point of existing iterative LMI algorithms to improve the feasibility of the iterative methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
4D‐Var and the butterfly effect: Statistical four‐dimensional data assimilation for a wide range of scales
Authors: Lorenc Andrew C. , Payne Tim 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe review the limits of 4D‐Var, particularly its ability to work well for a wide range of scales, and discuss the relationship to the atmospheric butterfly effect. As a concrete example, we consider how 4D‐Var might be applied to a global, convective‐scale model. Deterministic 4D‐Var, finding the most likely model evolution to fit observations, does not work in the limit of high resolution. Statistical 4D‐Var, minimising the mean‐square errors and estimating the mean of possible states, might work. We address the optimal regularisation of models for this. It requires a means of forecasting the evolution of the best estimate state and a perturbation model optimised for a range of finite perturbations. The parametrisation of uncertain scales in such models is discussed.For several more practical reasons, as well as the difficulties of building such models, a seamless NWP system, based on 4D‐Var and capable of forecasting from convective to global scales, is unlikely. However, the concepts introduced are still useful in designing practical high‐resolution 4D‐Var systems. © Crown Copyright 2007. Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
An objective definition of the Indian summer monsoon season and a new perspective on the ENSO–monsoon relationship
Authors: Xavier Prince K. , Marzin Charline , Goswami B. N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe concept of an interannually varying Indian summer monsoon season is introduced here, considering that the duration of the primary driving of the Indian monsoon—the large‐scale meridional gradient of the deep tropospheric heat source—may vary from one year to another. Onset (withdrawal) is defined as the day when the tropospheric heat source shifts from south to north (north to south). This physical principle leads to a new thermodynamic index of the seasonal mean monsoon. While the traditional measure of seasonal rainfall, averaged from 1 June to 30 September, indicates a breakdown of the ENSO–monsoon relationship in recent decades, it is argued that this breakdown is partly due to the inappropriate definition of a fixed monsoon season. With a new physically based definition of the seasonal mean, the ENSO–monsoon relationship has remained steady over the decades. El Niño (La Niña) events contract (expand) the season, and thus decrease (increase) the seasonal mean monsoon by setting up persistent negative (positive) tropospheric temperature (TT) anomalies over the southern Eurasian region. Thus, we propose a new pathway, whereby the Indian summer monsoon could be influenced by remote climatic phenomena via modification of TT over Eurasia.Diagnostics of the onset and withdrawal processes suggest that onset delay is due to the enhanced adiabatic subsidence that inhibits vertical mixing of sensible heating from warm landmass during the pre‐monsoon months. On the other hand, the major factor that determines whether the withdrawal is early or late is the horizontal advective cooling. Most of the late (early) onsets and early (late) withdrawals are associated with El Niño (La Niña). This link between the ENSO and the monsoon is realized through vertical and horizontal advections associated with the stationary waves in the upper troposphere set up by the tropical ENSO heating. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society