bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The response of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) to traps baited with carbon dioxide, 1-octen-3-ol, acetone, butyric acid and human foot odour in Tanzania
Authors: Mboera L.E.G. , Takken W. , Sambu E.Z. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe responses of Culex quinquefasciatus Say to traps baited with carbon dioxide, 1-octen-3-ol, acetone, butyric acid and human foot odour were studied in the field in Muheza, north-east Tanzania using Counterflow Geometry (CFG) and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) traps. It was found that significantly more C. quinquefasciatusresponded to foot odour collected on nylon stockings than to clean nylon stockings (P < 0.05). Significantly more mosquitoes were caught in a CFG trap baited with carbon dioxide than in traps with either human foot odour, acetone or butyric acid. It was also found that in an outdoor situation a carbon dioxide baited CDC unlit trap collected over 12 times more C. quinquefasciatus than an unbaited CDC unlit trap and nine times more mosquitoes than CDC traps baited with 1-octen-3-ol alone (P < 0.05). The number of mosquitoes caught in a CDC trap baited with 1-octen-3-ol did not differ significantly from that of the unbaited CDC trap (P > 0.05). These results indicate that the Afrotropical C. quinquefasciatusrespond significantly better to traps baited with carbon dioxide than to either octenol, acetone or butyric acid, and that human foot odour contains stimuli to which C. quinquefasciatus is attracted under field conditions.
Temperature tolerance of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) in tropical and temperate regions of Asia
Authors: Shirai Y. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTemperature tolerance was investigated in nine populations of Plutella xylostellaLinnaeus from tropical and temperate regions of Asia. At all rearing temperatures between 15 and 35°C, no clear differences were observed in female egg production or larval development between tropical and temperate populations. Thus, tropical populations did not show a high-temperature tolerance superior to that of the temperate populations. In all populations, the net reproductive rate (number of new females born per female) largely depended on the number of eggs laid per female, and egg production significantly decreased with increasing temperature (P < 0.001). Larval developmental rate also showed a significant positive correlation with temperature (P < 0.001). Per cent hatch of eggs and larval survival did not show a significant correlation with temperature: hatching was constant between 15 and 32.5°C, but considerably lower at 35°C. Larval survival was similar between 15 and 30°C, appreciably lower at 32.5°C and declined to 0% at 35°C. Based on these results, environmental conditions under which P. xylostella can maintain a high population density throughout the year in tropical and subtropical regions are discussed.
The diversity of beetle assemblages in different habitat types in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Chung A.Y.C. , Eggleton P. , Speight M.R. , Hammond P.M. , Chey V.K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe diversity of beetle assemblages in different habitat types (primary forest, logged forest, acacia plantation and oil palm plantation) in Sabah, Malaysia was investigated using three different methods based on habitat levels (Winkler sampling, flight-interception-trapping and mist-blowing). The overall diversity was extremely high, with 1711 species recorded from only 8028 individuals and 81 families (115 family and subfamily groups). Different degrees of environmental changes had varying effects on the beetle species richness and abundance, with oil palm plantation assemblage being most severely affected, followed by acacia plantation and then logged forest. A few species became numerically dominant in the oil palm plantation. In terms of beetle species composition, the acacia fauna showed much similarity with the logged forest fauna, and the oil palm fauna was very different from the rest. The effects of environmental variables (number of plant species, sapling and tree densities, amount of leaf litter, ground cover, canopy cover, soil pH and compaction) on the beetle assemblage were also investigated. Leaf litter correlated with species richness, abundance and composition of subterranean beetles. Plant species richness, tree and sapling densities correlated with species richness, abundance and composition of understorey beetles while ground cover correlated only with the species richness and abundance of these beetles. Canopy cover correlated only with arboreal beetles. In trophic structure, predators represented more than 40% of the species and individuals. Environmental changes affected the trophic structure with proportionally more herbivores (abundance) but fewer predators (species richness and abundance) in the oil palm plantation. Biodiversity, conservation and practical aspects of pest management were also highlighted in this study.
Parasitoids of medfly,Ceratitis capitata, and related tephritids in Kenyan coffee: a predominantly koinobiont assemblage
Authors: Wharton R.A. , Trostle M.K. , Messing R.H. , Copeland R.S. , Kimani-Njogu S.W. , Lux S. , Overholt W.A. , Mohamed S. , Sivinski J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractArabica coffee was sampled from two sites in the central highlands of Kenya (Rurima, Ruiru) and one site on the western side of the Rift Valley (Koru). Three species of ceratitidine Tephritidae,Ceratitis capitata(Wiedemann),C.rosaKarsch andTrirhithrum coffeaeBezzi, were reared from sites in the central highlands, and an additional species,C.anonaeGraham, was recovered from the western-most site. Ten species of parasitic Hymenoptera were reared from these tephritids. The parasitoid assemblage was dominated by koinobionts. Eight of the species are koinobiont endoparasitoids, but only one idiobiont larval ectoparasitoid was reared, and only one idiobiont pupal endoparasitoid. The effects of sampling bias on determination of parasitoid assemblage size associated with concealed hosts are discussed. The potential for use of these parasitoids in biological control is also discussed. Most of the parasitoid species recovered during this study are capable of developing onC.capitata, while several also attackC.rosa. Both flies are notorious pests of tropical and subtropical fruits.
The biology and ecology of the large pine weevil,Hylobius abietis(Coleoptera: Curculionidae): a problem of dispersal?
Authors: Leather S.R. , Day K.R. , Salisbury A.N. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe biology and pest status ofHylobius abietisLinnaeus in Europe are critically reviewed. New data are presented and the relationships between the weevil and its host plants considered. In Europe,H. abietisis the major pest of establishment forestry causing millions of ECUs of damage annually and perpetuating the addition of insecticide residues to sensitive habitats. Predator and parasitoid complexes in Britain and Europe are compared and contrasted. The lack of knowledge of the processes involved in adult dispersal and longevity are highlighted as major areas of concern. The biology and behaviour of the adult and larval stages are reviewed and new data presented. The feeding preferences of the adult weevils are considered and the possibility of using deterrents as a pest management strategy discussed. The development of risk assessment and forecasting tools aimed at more effective deployment of pest-management options are discussed. Risk criteria have their origins in important ecological relationships which require new understanding, but the prospects for determining high-risk forest sites are promising. The options for biological control are evaluated, in particular the use of mycopesticides and increased larval predation. It is concluded that much more research into the biology and ecology ofH. abietisis required before a successful Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programme can be initiated.
Insecticide resistance in the currant–lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the UK
Authors: Barber M.D. , Moores G.D. , Tatchell G.M. , Vice W.E. , Denholm I. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBioassay data for a reference strain of Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosely), exhibiting similar responses to proven susceptible strains of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Aphis gossypii Glover, were used to assess insecticide resistance in two suspected resistant strains and nine field strains of N. ribisnigri originating from lettuce in the UK. Results showed widespread but varied levels of resistance to pirimicarb, lower and also varied resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates, and no significant differences in response to imidacloprid. In some strains, resistance was associated with an intensely-staining esterase band disclosed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). However, no direct relationship between esterases and resistance has yet been established. There was no biochemical evidence of an altered acetylcholinesterase contributing to pirimicarb resistance in these strains.
Bionomics and the predicted distribution of the aphid Brachycaudus rumexicolens (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Scott J.K. , Yeoh P.B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDevelopment rates of the aphid, Brachycaudus rumexicolens (Patch), a recent arrival in Australia and a potential biological control agent against weeds in the family Polygonaceae, were measured over a range of constant temperatures. The theoretical lower limit for development is 6.4°C and the upper limit 32°C. Maximum fecundity per day was reached at 19°C. The rate of increase peaked at about 28°C giving a population doubling time of less than two days. These values were used with the current distribution to develop a CLIMEX model to predict the potential world distribution of the aphid. The model predicts that the aphid has suitable periods of population growth in autumn and spring, and that survival is unlikely over summer in most of south-western Australia where the aphid has the potential to contribute to the biological control of the polygonaceous weeds, Emex and Rumexspecies. The model predicts that years with cool summer temperatures and late summer rains in south west Australia, such as in 1990 when the aphid was first abundant, will be particularly suitable for aphid development. These conditions occurred twice between 1985 and 1995. To increase the effectiveness of the aphid as a biological control agent of weeds in other years, augmentation by provision of alternative hosts and/or the release of mass reared individuals during autumn is proposed.
Dispersal of dung containing ivermectin in the field by Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Dadour I.R. , Cook D.F. , Neesam C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFifty-five species of exotic dung beetles have been introduced into Australia and in many areas, several species are now established and often abundant. Controversy exists in the dung beetle literature concerning the use of ivermectin as an anthelmintic treatment for livestock and its subsequent lethal and sub-lethal effects on adult dung beetles. A study was conducted in the field exposing replicate dung pats containing residues of ivermectin excreted 0–15 days post-injection. At the time of the study, the introduced species of dung beetle Onthophagus taurus (Schreber) was present in high numbers (>1000 beetles per pat). After 24 h exposure, dung pats collected from cattle treated 7 and 10 days earlier with ivermectin were dispersed significantly less than untreated dung. A similar pattern was evident in the numbers of dung beetles present in each pat. This study is discussed in the context of anthelmintic usage in cattle and their potential ecotoxic effects against dung beetles.
Trap design for monitoring moth biodiversity in tropical rainforests
Authors: Intachat J. , Woiwod I.P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractExperimental comparisons were made between samples of moths obtained by Rothamsted tungsten-filament and Robinson mercury-vapour light-traps operating in a lowland dipterocarp forest in Peninsular Malaysia. The Rothamsted trap gave more uniform and consistent samples and performed better in the tropical conditions than the Robinson trap. There were no significant differences between the overall measurement of diversity for the group Geometroidea between the two trap designs although the Robinson trap was much more erratic from night to night. The total catch of non-Geometroidea moths was remarkably similar in the two trap types. The choice of appropriate light-trap designs for biodiversity studies in tropical rainforest is discussed.
A systematic approach to area-wide tsetse distribution and abundance maps
Authors: Hendrickx G. , Napala A. , Dao B. , Batawui D. , De Deken R. , Vermeilen A. , Slingenbergh J.H.W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA raster or grid-based Geographic Information System with data on tsetse, trypanosomosis, animal production, agriculture and land use has recently been developed in Togo. This paper describes the generation of area-wide digital tsetse distribution and abundance maps and how these accord with the local climatic and agro-ecological setting. Results include: (i) a spatial demarcation of ecologically distinct areas, producing a seasonal cluster map based on seasonal weather data and temporal series of satellite derived National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) AVHRR and METEOSAT variables: (ii) tsetse distribution maps of Glossina tachinoides Westwood, G. palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy), G. morsitans submorsitansNewstead, G. longipalpis Wiedemann, G. medicorum Austen and G. fusca fusca (Walker); and (iii) tsetse abundance or ‘risk’ maps, corrected for within database seasonal fluctuations, for G. tachinoides and G. p. palpalis. It is concluded that grid-based sampling is the ideal method for rapid assessment of the current vector and disease situation within any country or region, and that remote sensing has an important role to play in planning such a sampling system.
Genetic variation among Asian populations of rice planthoppers,Nilaparvata lugensandSogatella furcifera(Hemiptera: Delphacidae): mitochondrial DNA sequences
Authors: Mun J.H. , Song Y.H. , Heong K.L. , Roderick G.K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMany species of insects associated with cultivated rice do not over-winter in Korea and Japan, but migrate into these areas each year. To understand better the origins of these immigrations as well as the geographic structure of rice pests in Asian rice growing regions, intraspecific variation in two species of delphacid planthoppers,Nilaparvata lugens(Stål) andSogatella furciferaHorvath, was examined. An 850 base pair region of mitochondrial DNAcytochrome oxidase-I (CO-I) was sequenced from a total of 71 individuals collected from 11 localities in seven countries: Korea, Philippines, China, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Vietnam and Thailand. InN. lugens, three haplotypes were found and all populations sampled shared a dominant haplotype. Localities in Korea contained two haplotypes and localities in China and the Philippines contained three. However, in samples from the Indochina peninsula no variation was detected either within or between populations, consistent with a hypothesis of regular migration and gene flow. These populations did not contain some haplotypes found in Korea, suggesting they were not the source of yearly immigration into Korea and, by extension, Japan. Populations from China did share haplotypes with Korea, which was consistent with the hypothesis that China was the source for yearly immigration into Korea. There was insufficient resolution to distinguish among populations in China. ForN. lugens, the data suggested that populations south of the Red River Valley in Vietnam experienced regular mixing and were distinct from populations to the north which contributed to yearly immigrations. InS. furcifera, there was less differentiation among populations. Two haplotypes were found in all populations except Malaysia. The results for both species were consistent with seasonal weather data and indicated that more detailed analysis of DNA sequence data will be fruitful.
Activity and relative abundance of hymenopterous parasitoids that attack puparia ofMusca domesticaandStomoxys calcitrans(Diptera: Muscidae) on confined pig and cattle farms in Denmark
Authors: Skovgård H. , Jespersen J.B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA survey was conducted on 84 pig and cattle farms in Denmark between August and October 1996 and 1997. The aim was to describe the activity and relative abundance of parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae and Ichneumonidae) that attack puparia ofMusca domesticaLinnaeus andStomoxys calcitrans(Linnaeus). In total, seven pteromalid species were recovered:Spalangia cameroniPerkins,S. nigripesCurtis,S. subpunctataFörster,Muscidifurax raptorGirault & Sanders,Pachycrepoideus vindemiae(Rondani),Urolepis rufipes(Ashmead) andNasonia vitripennis(Walker), an ichneumonidPhygadeuon fumatorGravenhorst, a diapriidTrichopriasp., and a staphylinidAleocharasp. This is the first time thatU. rufipeshas been recorded in Europe.Spalangia cameroniandM. raptorwere the most frequently recorded species in all regions of the country, and accounted for the main parasitism ofMusca domesticaandStomoxys calcitranspuparia. The overall rate of parasitism per farm was low: 12.9% of the total number of fly puparia collected. Direct ordination, used to assess the habitat distribution of the parasitoids, showed thatMuscidifurax raptormainly seeks fly puparia in outdoor manure heaps and especially in manure from pigs rather than from cattle, whereasSpalangia cameronimainly seeks fly puparia indoors, irrespective of livestock.
Mitochondrial COI and II provide useful markers forWiseana(Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) species identification
Authors: Brown B. , Emberson R.M. , Paterson A.M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA method for identifying the members of the endemic genusWiseanaViette from New Zealand is described. Seven species have been described in the genus:W. cervinata(Walker),W. copularis(Meyrick), W. fuliginea(Butler), W. jocosa(Meyrick), W. mimica(Philpott), W. signata(Walker) andW. umbraculata(Guenée). No morphological characters have been identified to distinguish between the larvae of each species and adult females exhibit high levels of intra and interspecific morphological variation making identification difficult or impossible. Adult males can be distinguished by a combination of scale, antennal and genital characters, but this requires considerable taxonomic experience. Molecular markers were generated via amplification of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I and II (COI and II) of the mitochondrial DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplified DNA was digested with restriction enzymes to give characteristic fragment patterns. Fourteen restriction enzymes were surveyed and a combination of four of these distinguish allWiseanataxa exceptW. fuligineaandW. mimica.
Host distributions do not limit the species ranges of most African ticks (Acari: Ixodida)
Authors: Cumming G.S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe factors that set broad-scale limits on the species ranges of ticks have not been clearly defined, despite their potential importance for the study and control of ticks. A database of 33,989 published collection records for African ticks is used to test the hypothesis that the outer limits to tick species ranges are determined by the distributions of their hosts. Distribution maps for many of the more economically important tick species are given. Direct comparisons of the known ranges of ticks and their hosts show that the hypothesis of a host-determined species range is supported for only one tick species, Amblyomma rhinocerotis (de Geer), which has been constrained by the near-eradication of its rhinoceros hosts. At least 97 other species are not host-limited; the quality of available host-use and distribution information is insufficient to draw strong conclusions about the (approximately) 132 remaining species. In general, the boundaries to tick species ranges are more likely to be set by factors such as vegetation and climate.
Description of a new species of Orseolia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Paspalum in West Africa, with notes on its parasitoids, ecology and relevance to natural biological control of the African rice gall midge, O. oryzivora
Authors: Harris K.M. , Williams C.T. , Okhidievbie O. , LaSalle J. , Polaszek A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractField sampling of grasses growing in and near rice fields at 12 sites in Nigeria during April/May 1994 recorded the presence of galls on Paspalum scrobiculatumat densities of up to 10.9 galls per m2. These galls were induced by Orseolia bonzii Harris, sp. n., which is described. This species is morphologically close to, but distinct from, the African rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzivora Harris & Gagné, with which it has been confused in earlier studies of that pest species. In host-transfer experiments O. bonzii did not transfer to rice, Oryza sativa. Six hymenopterous parasitoids were reared from galls of O. bonzii and the most abundant of these were Platygaster diplosisae Risbec, Aprostocetus nr. procerae (Risbec) and Neanastatusnr. cinctiventris Girault. Host-transfer experiments with the Platygasterand Aprostocetus species from O. bonzii on Paspalum indicated that the Platygaster may not transfer onto O. oryzivora on rice whereas the Aprostocetus does. The overlap between the parasitoid faunas of the two species of Orseolia is potentially useful as it may be possible to enhance the natural biological control of O. oryzivora by manipulating parasitoid populations on Paspalum.
Heritability and stability of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Huang F. , Higgins R.A. , Buschman L.L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRealized heritability, h2, of resistance in European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), to Bacillus thuringiensisBerliner ssp. kurstaki endotoxins was examined in five resistant laboratory colonies. These colonies were reared on a meridic diet that incorporated a commercial formulation of B. thuringiensis, Dipel ES. Resistance in these colonies reached 42–67× by the seventh to twentieth selected generations and then plateaued. The realized heritability of resistance averaged 0.17–0.31 over all selected generations for the five colonies. In the three Iowa colonies, the highest realized heritability, 0.18–0.33, occurred during the second period of selection (seventh to thirteenth selected generations). In the two Kansas colonies, the highest realized heritability, 0.36 and 0.46, occurred during the first period of selection (first to sixth selected generations). In the absence of selection pressure, resistance in the southwest Kansas colony decreased from 62× to 42× after two generations, and remained at about that level for the next five generations.