bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The response of patients with phenylketonuria and elevated serum phenylalanine to treatment with oral sapropterin dihydrochloride (6R‐tetrahydrobiopterin): a phase II, multicentre, open‐label, screening study
Authors: Burton B. K. , Grange D. K. , Milanowski A. , Vockley G. , Feillet F. , Crombez E. A. , Abadie V. , Harding C. O. , Cederbaum S. , Dobbelaere D. , Smith A. , Dorenbaum A. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate the response to and safety of an 8‐day course of sapropterin dihydrochloride (6R‐tetrahydrobiopterin or 6R‐BH4) 10 mg/kg per day in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), who have elevated blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels, and to identify a suitable cohort of patients who would respond to sapropterin dihydrochloride treatment with a reduction in blood Phe level. Eligible patients were aged ≥ 8 years, had blood Phe levels ≥ 450 μmol/L and were not adhering to a Phe‐restricted diet. Suitable patients were identified by a ≥30% reduction in blood Phe level from baseline to day 8 following sapropterin dihydrochloride treatment. The proportion of patients who met these criteria was calculated for the overall population and by baseline Phe level (<600, 600 to <900, 900 to <1200 and ≥1200 μmol/L). In total, 485/490 patients completed the study and 20% (96/485) were identified as patients who would respond to sapropterin dihydrochloride. A reduction in Phe level was observed in all subgroups, although response was greater in patients with lower baseline Phe levels. Wide variability in response was seen across all baseline Phe subgroups. The majority of adverse events were mild and all resolved without complications. Sapropterin dihydrochloride was well tolerated and reduced blood Phe levels across all PKU phenotypes tested. Variability in reduction of Phe indicates that the response to sapropterin dihydrochloride cannot be predicted by baseline Phe level.
Familial Congenital Hypoplasia of the Thumb —Report on a Family—
Authors: NAKAMURA J. , KANAHARA K. , ENDO Y. 
Published: September 2007

Congenital hypoplasia of the thumb is not a rare condition in clinical practice, but a familial occurrence of this condition is exceedingly rare. We report a family with familial congenital hypoplasia of the thumb. In three generations, five members were proved to be affected and another two were presumed to be affected. To our surprise, a younger sister of the propositus had tetralogy of Fallot and triphalangeal thumbs on both hands.
Congenital Radio-Ulnar Synostosis
Authors: MIURA T. , NAKAMURA R. , SUZUKI M. , KANIE J. 
Published: September 2007

Thirty-three patients with congenital radio-ulnar synostosis were examined. There was one familial predisposition. Chromosomal patterns were examined in seventeen patients and were normal. Bone maturation appeared normal. The radial deviation angle, in the patients whose distal radial epithysis had closed, was elevated (Madelung’s deformity). However, in the patients whose distal epiphysis maturation score was 8, it was not elevated. On the other hand, elongation of the ulna (plus variant) and/or dorsal dislocation of the distal end of the ulna was seen in early life. In terms of treatment, all attempts to divide the two bones failed. It was found that derotation of the nonwriting hand by an osteotomy through the proximal fusion mass was a useful procedure.
Dupuytren’s Contracture: A Comparative Study of Fasciectomy and Dermofasciectomy in One Hundred Patients
Authors: TONKIN M. A. , BURKE F. D. , VARIAN J. P. W. 
Published: September 2007

This study reviews one hundred patients with Dupuytren’s disease treated surgically by the Derby Hand Unit between January 1975 and September 1981. One hundred and twenty-eight operations were assessed with a follow-up period from nine months to ninety months, average thirty-eight months. In thirty-five patients the overlying skin was excised and replaced by a full-thickness skin graft (dermofasciectomy). The remaining patients were treated by fasciectomy without skin excision. The overall recurrence rate after surgery was found to be 46.5%. However skin excision and replacement following fasciectomy prevented any appreciable, if not all recurrence of Dupuytren’s tissue. The function of the hand was assessed with regard to the improvement in flexion contracture; ability to flex the finger to the distal palmar crease; sensibility of the replaced skin; time to return to work and full activity. It was concluded that skin replacement did not jeopardise hand function.
Small Joint Fusions of the Hand using the Herbert Bone Screw
Authors: FAITHFULL D. K. , HERBERT T. J. 
Published: September 2007

The Herbert Bone Screw has a thread at both ends and was originally developed for internal fixation of fractured scaphoid bones. The two main advantages of compression and no head, make it most suitable for internal splinting of the small joints of the hand. The authors have used this device on thirty-nine joints in ten different sites of the hand, and it has proved to be an extremely successful method.
Short Term Review of the De La Caffiniere Trapeziometacarpal Arthroplasty
Authors: AUGUST A. C. , COUPLAND R. M. , SANDIFER J. P. 
Published: September 2007

We present a short term review of twenty-one De La Caffinière trapezio-metacarpal prostheses inserted into twenty patients with an average review time of fifteen months. Only one case was of rheumatoid arthritis and the main indication for operation was pain. From a functional and symptomatic point of view the results are similar to other series with surgery for trapezio-metacarpal arthritis but due to cup loosening 24% have needed revision, 24% have loose cups and a further 19% have lucent cement lines around the cup. This review draws attention to the worrying frequency of loosening with this prosthesis.
Complete Disruption of Collateral Mechanism of Proximal Interphalangeal Joint of Fingers
Authors: ALI M. S. 
Published: September 2007

The results are reported of a trial on the management of collateral mechanism disruption of the proximal interphalangeal joints of fingers. The incidence of the injury in Edinburgh, over a seven month period, averaged one case per week. Most (80%) had proximal avulsion of the main ligament. In the operated group all reached the state of painless stability at about two months. In the unoperated group none reached this stage, even at the final follow up, 64% complained of functional disability. It is concluded that operation is the treatment of choice for this injury.
Basis of the quasi-steady plasma accelerator theory in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field
Authors: KOZLOV ANDREY N. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe analytic and numerical approaches to the investigation of the two-dimensional steady-state plasma flows are analyzed and compared with reference to a plasma accelerator channel in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field. The present study continues a cycle of research into the plasma flows in the coaxial channels with the traditional azimuthal magnetic field. The additional longitudinal field opens new possibilities for controlling the dynamic processes and achieving the transonic flows. The research is based on the magnetohydrodynamic equations.
Equivalent charge of photons in a very dense quantum plasma
Authors: RIOS L. A. , SHUKLA P. K. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe equivalent charge of photons in dense unmagnetized and magnetized Fermi plasmas is determined through the plasma physics method. This charge is associated with the polarization of the medium caused by the ponderomotive force of the electromagnetic waves. Relations for the coupling between the electron plasma density perturbation and the radiation fields are derived for unmagnetized and magnetized plasmas, taking into account the quantum force associated with the quantum Bohm potential in dense Fermi plasmas. The effective photon charge is then determined. The effects of the ion motion are also included in the investigation.
Effect of acaricides on the activity of glutathione transferases from the parasitic miteSarcoptes scabiei
Authors: MOLIN E. U. , MATTSSON J. G. 
Published: September 2007

SUMMARYGlutathione transferases (GSTs) are a family of multifunctional enzymes with fundamental roles in cellular detoxication. Here we report the molecular characterization of 3 recombinant GSTs belonging to the mu- and delta-class from the parasitic miteSarcoptes scabiei. Kinetic constants were determined, and the effect of acaricides, including organothiophosphates, pyrethroid esters, a formamidine, a macrocyclic lactone, an organochlorine as well as a bridged diphenyl acaricide, on the activity of the GSTs were tested using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as model substrate. Our results showed that enzymes from the same class and with high amino acid sequence identity have significantly different kinetic properties. For instance, one mu-class GST lost more than 50% of its activity in the presence of one of the organothiophosphates while the activity of the second mu-class GST was only slightly reduced under identical conditions. Tertiary structure modulations indicated that structural differences were the crucial factor for the different kinetic patterns observed. Genome analysis showed that the two mu-class GSTs are organized in tandem in theS. scabieigenome. Taken together these results show that GSTs might be involved in the metabolism of acaricides inS. scabiei.
Pain in the aftermath of trauma is a risk factor for post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Norman S. B. , Stein M. B. , Dimsdale J. E. , Hoyt D. B. 
Published: September 2007

BackgroundIdentifying risk factors for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is important for understanding and ultimately preventing the disorder. This study assessed pain shortly after traumatic injury (i.e. peritraumatic pain) as a risk factor for PTSD.MethodParticipants (n=115) were patients admitted to a Level 1 Surgical Trauma Center. Admission to this service reflected a severe physical injury requiring specialized, emergent trauma care. Participants completed a pain questionnaire within 48 h of traumatic injury and a PTSD diagnostic module 4 and 8 months later.ResultsPeritraumatic pain was associated with an increased risk of PTSD, even after controlling for a number of other significant risk factors other than acute stress disorder symptoms. An increase of 0.5s.d. from the mean in a 0–10 pain rating scale 24–48 h after injury was associated with an increased odds of PTSD at 4 months by more than fivefold, and at 8 months by almost sevenfold. A single item regarding amount of pain at the time of hospital admission correctly classified 65% of participants.ConclusionsIf these findings are replicated in other samples, high levels of peritraumatic pain could be used to identify individuals at elevated risk for PTSD following traumatic injury.
Risk factors for suicide in China's youth: a case-control study
Authors: Li X. Y. , Phillips M. R. , Zhang Y. P. , Xu D. , Yang G. H. 
Published: September 2007

BackgroundSuicide is the most common cause of death among youth in China.MethodA case-control psychological autopsy study in 23 geographically representative disease surveillance points around China collected information from family members and close associates of 114 persons aged 15–24 years who died by suicide (cases) and 91 who died of other injuries (controls).ResultsAmong the 114 suicides 61% were female, 88% lived in rural villages, 70% died by ingesting pesticides (most commonly stored in the home), 24% previously attempted suicide, and 45% met criteria of a mental illness at the time of death. Multivariate logistic regression identified several independent risk factors: severe life events within 2 days before death (OR 31.8, 95% CI 2.6–390.6), presence of any depressive symptoms within 2 weeks of death (OR 21.1, 95% CI 4.6–97.2), low quality of life in the month before death (OR 9.7, 95% CI 2.8–34.1), and acute stress at time of death (moderate: OR 3.1, 95% CI 0.8–11.9; high: OR 9.1, 95% CI 1.2–66.8). A significant interaction between mental illness at time of death and gender indicated that diagnosis was an important predictor of suicide in males (OR 14.0, 95% CI 2.6–76.5) but not in females (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.0–3.6). Prior suicide attempt was related to suicide in the univariate analysis (OR 57.5) but could not be included in the multivariate model because no controls had made prior attempts.ConclusionsSuicide prevention efforts for youth in China must focus on restricting access to pesticides, early recognition and management of depressive symptoms and mental illnesses, improving resiliency, and enhancing quality of life.
The DEBIT trial: an intervention to reduce antipsychotic polypharmacy prescribing in adult psychiatry wards – a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thompson A. , Sullivan S. A. , Barley M. , Strange S. O. , Moore L. , Rogers P. , Sipos A. , Harrison G. 
Published: September 2007

BackgroundClinical guidelines advise against prescribing more than one antipsychotic with limited exceptions. Despite this, surveys continue to report high antipsychotic polypharmacy rates. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of a multi-faceted intervention in reducing prescribing of antipsychotic polypharmacy on general adult psychiatry wards, compared with guidelines alone.MethodA pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial recruited 19 adult psychiatric units (clusters) from the South West of England. Participants were all ward doctors and nurses. The multi-faceted intervention comprised: an educational/CBT workbook; an educational visit to consultants; and a reminder system on medication charts.ResultsThe odds of being prescribed antipsychotic polypharmacy in those patients prescribed antipsychotic medication was significantly lower in the intervention than control group when adjusted for confounders (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21–0.90, p=0.028). There was considerable between-unit variation in polypharmacy rates and in the change in rates between baseline and follow-up (5 months after baseline).ConclusionThe intervention reduced levels of polypharmacy prescribing compared to guidelines alone although the effect size was relatively modest. Further work is needed to elicit the factors that were active in changing prescribing behaviour.
Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural, person-centred, and psychodynamic therapies in UK primary-care routine practice: replication in a larger sample
Authors: Stiles William B. , Barkham Michael , Mellor-Clark John , Connell Janice 
Published: September 2007

BackgroundPsychotherapy's equivalence paradox is that treatments tend to have equivalently positive outcomes despite non-equivalent theories and techniques. We replicated an earlier comparison of treatment approaches in a sample four times larger and restricted to primary-care mental health.MethodPatients (n=5613) who received cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT), person-centred therapy (PCT) or psychodynamic therapy (PDT) at one of 32 NHS primary-care services during a 3-year period (2002–2005) completed the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) at the beginning and end of treatment. Therapists indicated which approaches were used on an End of Therapy form. We compared outcomes of groups treated with CBT (n=1045), PCT (n=1709), or PDT (n=261) only or with one of these plus one additional approach (e.g.integrative,supportive,art), designated CBT+1 (n=1035), PCT+1 (n=1033), or PDT+1 (n=530), respectively.ResultsAll six groups began treatment with equivalent CORE-OM scores, and all averaged marked improvement (overall pre/post effect size=1.39). Neither treatment approach nor degree of purity (‘only’v. ‘+1’) had a statistically significant effect. Distributions of change scores were all similar.ConclusionsReplicating the earlier results, the theoretically different approaches tended to have equivalent outcomes. Caution is warranted because of limited treatment specification, non-random assignment, incomplete data, and other issues. Insofar as these routine treatments appear effective for patients who complete them, those who fail to complete (or to begin) treatment deserve attention by researchers and policymakers.
Neural basis of the emotional Stroop interference effect in major depression
Authors: Mitterschiffthaler M. T. , Williams S. C. R. , Walsh N. D. , Cleare A. J. , Donaldson C. , Scott J. , Fu C. H. Y. 
Published: September 2007

BackgroundA mood-congruent sensitivity towards negative stimuli has been associated with development and maintenance of major depressive disorder (MDD). The emotional Stroop task assesses interference effects arising from the conflict of emotional expressions consistent with disorder-specific self-schemata and cognitive colour-naming instructions. Functional neuroimaging studies of the emotional Stroop effect advocate a critical involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during these processes.MethodSubjects were 17 medication-free individuals with unipolar MDD in an acute depressive episode (mean age 39 years), and 17 age-, gender- and IQ-matched healthy volunteers. In an emotional Stroop task, sad and neutral words were presented in various colours, and subjects were required to name the colour of words whilst undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Overt verbal responses were acquired with a clustered fMRI acquisition sequence.ResultsIndividuals with depression showed greater increases in response time from neutral to sad words relative to controls. fMRI data showed a significant engagement of left rostral ACC (BA 32) and right precuneus during sad words in patients relative to controls. Additionally, rostral ACC activation was positively correlated with latencies of negative words in MDD patients. Healthy controls did not have any regions of increased activation compared to MDD patients.ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence for a behavioural and neural emotional Stroop effect in MDD and highlight the importance of the ACC during monitoring of conflicting cognitive processes and mood-congruent processing in depression.
Cuspidal and noncuspidal robot manipulators
Authors: Wenger Philippe 
Published: September 2007

SUMMARYThis article synthezises the most important results on the kinematics of cuspidal manipulators i.e. nonredundant manipulators that can change posture without meeting a singularity. The characteristic surfaces, the uniqueness domains and the regions of feasible paths in the workspace are defined. Then, several sufficient geometric conditions for a manipulator to be noncuspidal are enumerated and a general necessary and sufficient condition for a manipulator to be cuspidal is provided. An explicit DH-parameter-based condition for an orthogonal manipulator to be cuspidal is derived. The full classification of 3R orthogonal manipulators is provided and all types of cuspidal and noncuspidal orthogonal manipulators are enumerated. Finally, some facts about cuspidal and noncuspidal 6R manipulators are reported.
A new compensation technique based on analysis of resampling process in FastSLAM
Authors: Kwak Nosan , Kim Gon-Woo , Lee Beom-Hee 
Published: September 2007

SUMMARYThe state-of-the-art FastSLAM algorithm has been shown to cause a particle depletion problem while performing simultaneous localization and mapping for mobile robots. As a result, it always produces over-confident estimates of uncertainty as time progresses. This particle depletion problem is mainly due to the resampling process in FastSLAM, which tends to eliminate particles with low weights. Therefore, the number of particles to conduct loop-closure decreases, which makes the performance of FastSLAM degenerate. The resampling process has not been thoroughly analyzed even though it is the main reason for the particle depletion problem. In this paper, standard resampling algorithms (systematic residual and partial resampling), a rank-based resampling adopting genetic algorithms are analyzed using computer simulations. Several performance measures such as the effective sample size, the number of distinct particles, estimation errors, and complexity are used for the thorough analysis of the resampling algorithms. Moreover, a new compensation technique is proposed instead of resampling to resolve the particle depletion problem in FastSLAM. In estimation errors, the compensation technique outperformed other resampling algorithms though its run-time was longer than those of others. The most appropriate time to instigate compensation to reduce the run-time was also analyzed with the diminishing number of particles.
A control theory framework for performance evaluation of mobile manipulators
Authors: Zadarnowska Katarzyna , Tchoń Krzysztof 
Published: September 2007

SUMMARYWe propose a new, control theoretic methodology for defining performance measures of mobile manipulators. As a guiding principle, we assume that the kinematics or the dynamics of a mobile manipulator are represented by the end point map of a control system with outputs, and that a locally controllable system yields nontrivial performance measures. In the paper, we focus on two categories of dynamic performance measures: the compliance measure and the admittance measure. In both these categories, the following local and global performance characteristics are introduced: the agility ellipsoid, the agility and mobility, the condition number and the distortion. The usefulness of new local measures is demonstrated on the example of determining optimal motion patterns of a wheeled mobile robot.
An optimum path planning for Cassino Parallel Manipulator by using inverse dynamics
Authors: Carbone G. , Ceccarelli M. , Oliveira P. J. , Saramago S. F. P. , Carvalho J. C. M. 
Published: September 2007

SUMMARYIn this paper, a novel algorithm is formulated and implemented for optimum path planning of parallel manipulators. A multi-objective optimisation problem has been formulated for an efficient numerical solution procedure through kinematic and dynamic features of manipulator operation. Computational economy has been obtained by properly using a genetic algorithm to search an optimal solution for path spline-functions. Numerical characteristics of the numerical solving procedure have been outlined through a numerical example applied to Cassino Parallel Manipulator (CaPaMan) both for path planning and design purposes.