bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking the potential of forage fish to reduce the global burden of disease
Authors: Xia Shujuan , Takakura Jun'ya , Tsuchiya Kazuaki , Park Chaeyeon , Heneghan Ryan F , Takahashi Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2024

Red meat consumption is associated with an elevated risk of mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In contrast, forage fish, as highly nutritious, environmentally friendly, affordable, and the most abundant fish species in the ocean, are receiving increasing interest from a global food system perspective. However, little research has examined the impact of replacing red meat with forage fish in the global diet on diet-related NCDs.MethodsWe based our study on datasets of red meat projections in 2050 for 137 countries and forage fish catches. We replaced the red meat consumption in each country with forage fish (from marine habitats), without exceeding the potential supply of forage fish. We used a comparative risk assessment framework to investigate how such substitutions could reduce the global burden of diet-related NCDs in adults.ResultsThe results of our study show that forage fish may replace only a fraction (approximately 8%) of the world’s red meat due to its limited supply, but it may increase global daily per capita fish consumption close to the recommended level. Such a substitution could avoid 0.5–0.75 million deaths and 8–15 million disability-adjusted life years, concentrated in low- and middle-income countries. Forage fish as an alternative to red meat could double (or more) the number of deaths that could be avoided by simply reducing red meat consumption.ConclusionsOur analysis suggests that forage fish is a promising alternative to red meat. Policies targeting the allocation of forage fish to regions where they are needed, such as the Global South, could be more effective in maximising the potential of forage fish to reduce the global burden of disease.
Overnutrition is a risk factor for iron, but not for zinc or vitamin A deficiency in children and young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tan Xiaomian , Tan Pui Yee , Gong Yun Yun , Moore J Bernadette 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionTraditionally associated with undernutrition, increasing evidence suggests micronutrient deficiencies can coexist with overnutrition. Therefore, this work aimed to systematically review the associations between iron, zinc and vitamin A (VA) status and weight status (both underweight and overweight) in children and young people.MethodsOvid Medline, Ovid Embase, Scopus and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for observational studies assessing micronutrient status (blood, serum or plasma levels of iron, zinc or VA biomarkers) and weight status (body mass index or other anthropometric measurement) in humans under 25 years of any ethnicity and gender. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the American Dietetic Association Quality Criteria Checklist. Where possible, random effects restricted maximum likelihood meta-analyses were performed.ResultsAfter screening, 83 observational studies involving 190 443 participants from 44 countries were identified, with many studies having reported on more than one micronutrient and/or weight status indicator. Iron was the most investigated micronutrient, with 46, 28 and 27 studies reporting data for iron, zinc and VA status, respectively. Synthesising 16 records of OR from seven eligible studies, overnutrition (overweight and obesity) increased odds of iron deficiency (ID) (OR (95% CI): 1.51 (1.20 to 1.82), p<0.0001, I2=40.7%). Odds appeared to be higher for children living with obesity (1.88 (1.33 to 2.43), p<0.0001, I2=20.6%) in comparison to those with overweight (1.31 (0.98 to 1.64), p<0.0001, I2=40.5%), although between group differences were not significant (p=0.08).ConclusionsOvernutrition is associated with increased risk of ID, but not zinc or VA deficiencies, with an inverted U-shaped relationship observed between iron status and bodyweight. Our results highlight significant heterogeneity in the reporting of micronutrient biomarkers and how deficiencies were defined. Inflammation status was rarely adequately accounted for, and the burden of ID may well be under-recognised, particularly in children and young people living with overnutrition.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020221523.
Network analysis of stroke systems of care in Korea
Authors: Kang Jihoon , Song Hyunjoo , Kim Seong Eun , Kim Jun Yup , Park Hong-Kyun , Cho Yong-Jin , Lee Kyung Bok , Lee Juneyoung , Lee Ji Sung , Choi Ah Rum , Kang Mi Yeon , Gorelick Philip B , Bae Hee-Joon 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe landscape of stroke care has shifted from stand-alone hospitals to cooperative networks among hospitals. Despite the importance of these networks, limited information exists on their characteristics and functional attributes.MethodsWe extracted patient-level data on acute stroke care and hospital connectivity by integrating national stroke audit data with reimbursement claims data. We then used this information to transform interhospital transfers into a network framework, where hospitals were designated as nodes and transfers as edges. Using the Louvain algorithm, we grouped densely connected hospitals into distinct stroke care communities. The quality and characteristics in given stroke communities were analysed, and their distinct types were derived using network parameters. The clinical implications of this network model were also explored.ResultsOver 6 months, 19 113 patients with acute ischaemic stroke initially presented to 1009 hospitals, with 3114 (16.3%) transferred to 246 stroke care hospitals. These connected hospitals formed 93 communities, with a median of 9 hospitals treating a median of 201 patients. Derived communities demonstrated a modularity of 0.904, indicating a strong community structure, highly centralised around one or two hubs. Three distinct types of structures were identified: single-hub (n=60), double-hub (n=22) and hubless systems (n=11). The endovascular treatment rate was highest in double-hub systems, followed by single-hub systems, and was almost zero in hubless systems. The hubless communities were characterised by lower patient volumes, fewer hospitals, no hub hospital and no stroke unit.ConclusionsThis network analysis could quantify the national stroke care system and point out areas where the organisation and functionality of acute stroke care could be improved.
Determining the exposure of maternal medicines through breastfeeding: the UmbrelLACT study protocol—a contribution from the ConcePTION project
Authors: Van Neste Martje , Nauwelaerts Nina , Ceulemans Michael , Van Calsteren Kristel , Eerdekens An , Annaert Pieter , Allegaert Karel , Smits Anne 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionBreastfeeding is beneficial for the health of the mother and child. However, at least 50% of postpartum women need pharmacotherapy, and this number is rising due to the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and pregnancies at a later age. Making informed decisions on medicine use while breastfeeding is often challenging, considering the extensive information gap on medicine exposure and safety during lactation. This can result in the unnecessary cessation of breastfeeding, the avoidance of pharmacotherapy or the off-label use of medicines. The UmbrelLACT study aims to collect data on human milk transfer of maternal medicines, child exposure and general health outcomes. Additionally, the predictive performance of lactation and paediatric physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, a promising tool to predict medicine exposure in special populations, will be evaluated.Methods and analysisEach year, we expect to recruit 5–15 breastfeeding mothers using pharmacotherapy via the University Hospitals Leuven, the BELpREG project (pregnancy registry in Belgium) or external health facilities. Each request and compound will be evaluated on relevance (ie, added value to available scientific evidence) and feasibility (including access to analytical assays). Participants will be requested to complete at least one questionnaire on maternal and child’s general health and collect human milk samples over 24 hours. Optionally, two maternal and one child’s blood samples can be collected. The maternal medicine concentration in human milk will be determined along with the estimation of the medicine intake (eg, daily infant dose and relative infant dose) and systemic exposure of the breastfed child. The predictive performance of PBPK models will be assessed by comparing the observed concentrations in human milk and plasma to the PBPK predictions.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Ethics Committee Research UZ/KU Leuven (internal study number S67204). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at (inter)national scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT06042803.
Is obesity more likely among children sharing a household with an older child with obesity? Cross-sectional study of linked National Child Measurement Programme data and electronic health records
Authors: Firman Nicola , Wilk Marta , Marszalek Milena , Griffiths Lucy , Harper Gill , Dezateux Carol 
Published: April 2024

Background/objectivesWe identified household members from electronic health records linked to National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) data to estimate the likelihood of obesity among children living with an older child with obesity.MethodsWe included 126 829 NCMP participants in four London boroughs and assigned households from encrypted Unique Property Reference Numbers for 115 466 (91.0%). We categorised the ethnic-adjusted body mass index of the youngest and oldest household children (underweight/healthy weight <91st, ≥91st overweight <98th, obesity ≥98th centile) and estimated adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of obesity in the youngest child by the oldest child’s weight status, adjusting for number of household children (2, 3 or ≥4), youngest child’s sex, ethnicity and school year of NCMP participation.ResultsWe identified 19 702 households shared by two or more NCMP participants (% male; median age, range (years)—youngest children: 51.2%; 5.2, 4.1–11.8; oldest children: 50.6%; 10.6, 4.1–11.8). One-third of youngest children with obesity shared a household with another child with obesity (33.2%; 95% CI: 31.2, 35.2), compared with 9.2% (8.8, 9.7) of youngest children with a healthy weight. Youngest children living with an older child considered overweight (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 2.06, 2.64) or obese (4.59; 4.10, 5.14) were more likely to be living with obesity.ConclusionsIdentifying children sharing households by linking primary care and school records provides novel insights into the shared weight status of children sharing a household. Qualitative research is needed to understand how food practices vary by household characteristics to increase understanding of how the home environment influences childhood obesity.
PFDN6 contributes to colorectal cancer progression via transcriptional regulation
Authors: Xu Fenghua , Kong LingYang , Sun Xiao , Hui WenXiang , Jiang Lan , Han Wenxin , Xiao ZhiFeng , Li Ning , Chen DongFeng , Zheng Nan , Han Jing , Liu Lei 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveColorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer worldwide. Although there are several treatments for cancer, the therapeutic effect on CRC remains unsatisfactory, and it is imperative to identify new therapeutic targets.DesignPrefoldin (PFDN) is mainly used in the cytoskeleton assembly during the folding of actin and tubulin monomers. However, whether PFDN subunits are involved in regulating the development of CRC remains to be elucidated. In this study, molecular biology, cell culture, transcriptome sequencing and other experimental techniques, combined with bioinformatics, were used to verify the regulatory effects of PFDN6 on CRC.ResultsPFDN6 expression is elevated in patients with CRC and is closely associated with the development of CRC. Knockdown of PFDN6 reduced the tumour cell number, promoted apoptosis, and inhibited the migration and invasion of CRC cells in HCT-116 and RKO cell lines. Mechanistically, differentially expressed genes and related signalling pathways in RKO cells after PFDN6 knockdown were analysed by transcriptome sequencing.ConclusionPFDN6 was found to regulate the generation and development of CRC by targeting ZNF575. These results open new avenues for therapeutic interventions for patients with CRC.
New role of platelets in schizophrenia: predicting drug response
Authors: Zhang Yamin , Zheng Yanghao , Ni Peiyan , Liang Sugai , Li Xiaojing , Yu Hua , Wei Wei , Qi Xueyu , Yu Xueli , Xue Rui , Zhao Liansheng , Deng Wei , Wang Qiang , Guo Wanjun , Li Tao 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundElevated platelet count (PLTc) is associated with first-episode schizophrenia and adverse outcomes in individuals with precursory psychosis. However, the impact of antipsychotic medications on PLTc and its association with symptom improvement remain unclear.AimsWe aimed to investigate changes in PLTc levels following antipsychotic treatment and assess whether PLTc can predict antipsychotic responses and metabolic changes after accounting for other related variables.MethodsA total of 2985 patients with schizophrenia were randomised into seven groups. Each group received one of seven antipsychotic treatments and was assessed at 2, 4 and 6 weeks. Clinical symptoms were evaluated using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Additionally, we measured blood cell counts and metabolic parameters, such as blood lipids. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine the effect of antipsychotics on PLTc changes, while structural equation modelling was used to assess the predictive value of PLTc on PANSS changes.ResultsPLTc significantly increased in patients treated with aripiprazole (F=6.00, p=0.003), ziprasidone (F=7.10, p<0.001) and haloperidol (F=3.59, p=0.029). It exhibited a positive association with white blood cell count and metabolic indicators. Higher baseline PLTc was observed in non-responders, particularly in those defined by the PANSS-negative subscale. In the structural equation model, PLTc, white blood cell count and a latent metabolic variable predicted the rate of change in the PANSS-negative subscale scores. Moreover, higher baseline PLTc was observed in individuals with less metabolic change, although this association was no longer significant after accounting for baseline metabolic values.ConclusionsPlatelet parameters, specifically PLTc, are influenced by antipsychotic treatment and could potentially elevate the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with schizophrenia. Elevated PLTc levels and associated factors may impede symptom improvement by promoting inflammation. Given PLTc’s easy measurement and clinical relevance, it warrants increased attention from psychiatrists.Trial registration numberChiCTR-TRC-10000934.
Risk of developing psoriatic arthritis in psoriasis cohorts with arthralgia: exploring the subclinical psoriatic arthritis stage
Authors: Zabotti Alen , Fagni Filippo , Gossec Laure , Giovannini Ivan , Sticherling Michael , Tullio Annarita , Baraliakos Xenofon , De Marco Gabriele , De Vita Salvatore , Errichetti Enzo , Quartuccio Luca , Silvagni Ettore , Smolen Josef S , Tinazzi Ilaria , Watad Abdulla , Schett Georg , McGonagle Dennis G , Simon David 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveSubjects with subclinical psoriatic arthritis (PsA), defined as the presence of arthralgia in psoriasis (PsO), are at higher risk of PsA but scant real-world data exist. Our aims were to (1) estimate the probability of PsA development in subclinical PsA, (2) characterise subclinical PsA symptoms and (3) determine the clinical patterns at PsA diagnosis.MethodsPatients with PsO, mainly subclinical PsA, were evaluated longitudinally in two European cohorts. The key outcome was new-onset PsA. Musculoskeletal symptoms including inflammatory and non-inflammatory symptoms before PsA diagnosis were collected. Occurrence of PsA was analysed with survival analysis and cumulative incidence functions (CIFs).Results384 patients with PsO were included with a mean follow-up of 33.0 (±20.9) months. 311 of 384 (80.9%) had subclinical PsA with a PsA incidence rate of 7.7 per 100 patient-years. Subclinical PsA displayed a higher risk of PsA development compared with PsO (HR=11.7 (95% CI 1.57 to 86.7), p=0.016). The probability of new-onset PsA estimated by the CIF was 9.4% (95% CI 4.7% to 10.6%) at month 12 and 22.7% (95% CI 17.2% to 28.6%) at month 36. 58.9% of cases reported inflammatory symptoms in the months immediately prior to PsA diagnosis but prior non-inflammatory symptoms were evident in 83.9% prior to PsA diagnosis. Peripheral joint swelling was the predominant PsA presentation pattern (82.1%).ConclusionsThe probability of PsA development among subclinical PsA was relatively high, emphasising the importance of emergent musculoskeletal symptoms when aiming for PsA prevention. Joint swelling was the dominant feature in new-onset PsA, likely reflecting clinical confidence in recognising joint swelling.
Crystalloid resuscitation is associated with decreased treatment delays and improved systolic blood pressures in a blood-constrained setting
Authors: Yost Mark T , Driban Matt , Dissak Delon Fanny Nadia , Mbianyor Mbiarikai A , Kinge Thompson , Njock Richard , Nkusu Daniel , Tsiagadigui Jean-Gustave , Carvalho Melissa , Oke Rasheedat , Chichom-Mefire Alain , Juillard Catherine , Christie S Ariane 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesWe analyzed resuscitation practices in Cameroonian patients with trauma as a first step toward developing a context-appropriate resuscitation protocol. We hypothesized that more patients would receive crystalloid-based (CB) resuscitation with a faster time to administration than blood product (BL) resuscitation.MethodsWe included patients enrolled between 2017 and 2019 in the Cameroon Trauma Registry (CTR). Patients presenting with hemorrhagic shock (systolic blood pressure (SBP) <100 mm Hg and active bleeding) were categorized as receiving CB, BL, or no resuscitation (NR). We evaluated differences between cohorts with the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. We compared time to treatment with the Wilcoxon rank sum test.ResultsOf 9635 patients, 403 (4%) presented with hemorrhagic shock. Of these, 278 (69%) patients received CB, 39 (10%) received BL, and 86 (21%) received NR. BL patients presented with greater injury severity (Highest Estimated Abbreviated Injury Scale (HEAIS) 4 BL vs 3 CB vs 1 NR, p<0.001), and lower median hemoglobin (8.0 g/dL BL, 11.4 g/dL CB, 10.6 g/dL NR, p<0.001). CB showed greater initial improvement in SBP (12 mm Hg CB vs 9 mm Hg BL vs 0 NR mm Hg, p=0.04) compared with BL or no resuscitation, respectively. Median time to treatment was lower for CB than BL (12 vs 131 min, p<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for injury severity found no association between resuscitation type and mortality (CB adjusted OR (aOR) 1.28, p=0.82; BL aOR 1.05, p=0.97).ConclusionsCB was associated with faster treatment, greater SBP elevation, and similar survival compared with BL in Cameroonian patients with trauma with hemorrhagic shock. In blood-constrained settings, treatment delays associated with blood product transfusion may offset the physiologic benefits of an early BL strategy. CB prior to definitive hemorrhage control in this resource-limited setting may be a necessary strategy to optimize perfusion pressure.Level of evidence and study typeIII, retrospective study.
High-energy QCD dynamics from bottom flavor fragmentation at the Hi-Lumi LHC
Authors: Celiberto Francesco Giovanni 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe study the inclusive production of hadrons with bottom flavor at the LHC and its luminosity upgrade. We describe the collinear fragmentation of singly b-flavored hadrons, B mesons and $$\Lambda _b$$

Λ
b

baryons, via the determination of fragmentation functions, while for charmed B mesons, $$B_c(^1S_0)$$

B
c

(
1

S
0

)

and $$B_c(^3S_1)$$

B
c

(
3

S
1

)

particles, we employ the novel set, built on the basis of state-of-the-art nonrelativistic QCD inputs. We use the Jethad multimodular working environment to analyze rapidity and transverse-momentum distributions for observables sensitive to the associated emission of two hadrons or a hadron-plus-jet system. Our reference formalism is the $$\mathrm{NLL/NLO^+}$$

NLL
/

NLO
+

hybrid collinear and high-energy factorization, where the standard collinear description is improved by the inclusions of energy logarithms resummed up to the next-to-leading approximation and beyond. We provide corroborating evidence that b-flavor emissions act as fair stabilizers of the high-energy resummation, thus serving as valuable tools for precision studies of high-energy QCD. As a bonus, we highlight that the predicted production-rate hierarchy between noncharmed b-hadrons and charmed $$B_c(^1S_0)$$

B
c

(
1

S
0

)

mesons is in line with recent LHCb estimates. This serves as simultaneous benchmark both for the hybrid factorization and for the single-parton fragmentation mechanism based on initial-scale inputs calculated via the nonrelativistic QCD effective theory.
Horizon, homogeneity and flatness problems: do their resolutions really depend upon inflation?
Authors: Singal Ashok K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe horizon problem, encountered in cosmology, is derived as such for world models based on Robertson–Walker metric where homogeneity and isotropy of the universe is assumed to begin with and is guaranteed for all epochs. Actually, the only thing that happens in this scenario is that in such a universe, described by a single, time-dependent scale factor, which may otherwise be independent of spatial coordinates, the light signals in a finite time might not cover all the available space. Further, the flatness problem, as it is posed, is not even falsifiable. The usual argument offered in the literature is that the present density of the universe is very close to the critical density value and that the universe must be flat since otherwise in past at $$\sim 10^{-35}$$

∼

10

-
35

second (near the epoch of inflation) there will be extremely low departures of density from the critical density value (of the order $$\sim 10^{-53}$$

∼

10

-
53

), requiring a sort of fine tuning. We show that even if the present value of the density parameter were very different, still at $$10^{-35}$$

10

-
35

second it would differ from unity by the same fraction. Thus a use of fine tuning argument to promote $$k = 0$$

k
=
0

model amounts to a priori rejection of all models with $$k \ne 0$$

k
≠
0

. Without casting any aspersions on the inflationary theory, which after all is the most promising paradigm to explain the pattern of anisotropies observed in the cosmic microwave background, we argue that one cannot use homogeneity and flatness in support of inflation.
Particle motion and tidal force in a non-vacuum-charged naked singularity
Authors: Viththani Divyesh P. , Joshi Ashok B. , Bhanja Tapobroto , Joshi Pankaj S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe investigate the gravitational field of a charged, non-vacuum, non-rotating, spherically symmetric body of mass M assuming a static solution to the Einstein–Maxwell field equations. We show the characteristics of perihelion precession of orbits in the case of charged naked singularity (CNS) spacetime. Here we discuss some novel features of light-like geodesics in this spacetime. We also discuss the comparative study of tidal force in the null singularity spacetime and charged naked singularity spacetime.