bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relations entre prépositions et conjonctions ?
Authors: Piot Mireille 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Cette étude aborde les éventuelles relations entre prépositions et conjonctions ; en effet, un certain nombre de conjonctions de subordination peuvent figurer dans les deux listes. À première vue, les traits distributionnels de la complémentation nominale sont identiques dans les deux cas, de même que les formes de la complémentation pronominale personnelle spécifiquement prépositionnelle dans certaines langues romanes. Cependant, la distribution des adverbes de phrase montre une nette différence entre les deux classes d’items. De même, un examen plus détaillé de la complémentation nominale montre en présence de la majorité des conjonctions des contraintes spécifiques, inconnues dans le cas des prépositions. Enfin, l’examen de l’opération de connexion effectuée par les conjonctions montre que la complémentation nominale ou phrastique est issue d’une série de réductions de discours (Z.S. Harris), dépassant le cadre de la phrase. En chemin, l’analyse des formes pronominales de l’espagnol autorisées auprès de certaines conjonctions montre que celles-ci n’ont pas d’emploi prépositionnel (contrairement à la tradition) mais uniquement conjonctif, et donc une fausse complémentation nominale malgré les apparences. Ceci nous permet de définir trois classes d’items : les prépositions, les conjonctions qui ont un emploi prépositionnel, et les conjonctions autres.
Au sujet	de et à propos de – une	analyse lexicographique, discursive et linguistique
Authors: Porhiel Sylvie 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Cet article étudie deux prépositions composées : au sujet de et à propos de . Nous analyserons tout d'abord ces prépositions d'un point de vue lexicographique. Bien que synonymes, au sujet de et à propos de ne bénéficient pas d'un traitement lexicographique identique et leur statut, en tant qu'unités lexicales ‘autonomes’ est peu clair. L'analyse des articles de dictionnaire montre que ces prépositions peuvent avoir plusieurs lectures. La deuxième partie étudie au sujet de et à propos de d'un point de vue discursif et linguistique. Elle introduit une distinction par rapport à l'analyse des articles de dictionnaire : la place de la préposition dans la phrase. Selon qu'elle est détachée ou ‘accrochée’, elle n'a pas la même fonction : dans le premier cas elle introduit une thématique et il faut alors s'affranchir du cadre syntaxique de la phrase, dans le deuxième cas elle focalise.
L'analyse de la construction En tout N par D. Leeman : quelques remarques
Authors: Anscombre Jean-Claude 
Published: December 2008

Résumé	Cet article se propose de réexaminer l'analyse du complément circonstanciel en tout ( e ) N menée d'un point de vue harrissien dans Leeman (1998). Au travers de l'étude d'un certain nombre de problèmes et d'exemples, une solution est proposée en termes de stéréotypes, qui permet de rapprocher la structure étudiée de la structure proche en N .
Les marqueurs de thématisation : des thèmes phrastiques et textuels
Authors: Porhiel Sylvie 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Cet article montre que les marqueurs de thématisation tels que en ce qui concerne X, concernant X, du point de vue (de) X , etc. sont des marqueurs de thème singuliers. La première partie passe en revue les propriétés phrastiques classiquement attribuées au thème et conclut que de ce point de vue les introducteurs thématiques et leurs compléments sont des thèmes. La deuxième partie montre que les marqueurs de thématisation sont aussi des thèmes textuels. La dernière partie illustre comment les marqueurs de thématisation s’intègrent dans des organisations complexes avec des hiérarchisations, des problèmes de « portée » (empan textuel) et des découpages en paragraphe plus ou moins concordants.
Les sanctions éducatives
Authors: Doumit-El Khoury Arlène , Chabrand Catherine , Fourié Hélène , Laroche Françoise , Compans Sylvie 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Les sanctions éducatives, ont « pour objet d’apporter une réponse mieux adaptée aux faits commis par les mineurs lorsque les mesures éducatives se révèlent inappropriées et que le prononcé d’une peine constituerait une sanction trop sévère ».
Interculturel et travail social
Authors: Chobeaux François , Laieb Nahima , Vitale Stefano 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Comment articuler les valeurs des usagers propres à leurs cultures, leurs positions sociales, leurs histoires ; celles des intervenants sociaux, que l’on souhaite émancipatrices et libératrices ; et celles des institutions publiques, davantage liées à la transmission de normes collectives ?
How multiple external representations are used and how they can be made more useful
Authors: Schwonke Rolf , Berthold Kirsten , Renkl Alexander 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn two studies, students' difficulties in using multiple external representations were effectively addressed. In a first explorative study (N = 16), we investigated the allocation of visual attention (as assessed by gaze data) on external representations, its relation to learning and learners' beliefs on the representations' functions. Results confirmed that students were not aware of the functions. In a subsequent experiment (N = 30), we analysed effects of informing students about the function of diagrams in worked examples on learning, mediating effects of visual attention and moderating effects of prior knowledge. The instruction had strong effects on learning, which were partially mediated by visual attention. Prior knowledge moderated both, the effects of the instruction on visual attention and of visual attention on learning. Implications for research into multiple representations and instructional design are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nineteenth‐century population structure of Ireland and of the Irish in England and Wales: An analysis by isonymy
Authors: Smith Malcolm T. , Macraild Donald M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis article uses isonymy to test predictions about the genetic structure of Irish populations made on the basis of geography and population history, and compares the mid‐nineteenth century population of Ireland with the late nineteenth century Irish‐born population resident in England and Wales. Surname data were derived from (1) the householders named in the index to Griffith's valuation of Ireland, a survey undertaken between 1846 and 1864, and (2) of Irish‐born residents named in 1881 census of England and Wales. Visual representation of the Griffith's valuation isonymy matrix by multidimensional scaling (MDS) gives a result very close to the geographical distribution of Irish counties, and Mantel matrix correlation shows random isonymy between counties to be negatively associated with geographical distance, generally decaying according to a pattern of isolation‐by‐distance, with exceptions that can be explained in terms of Irish population history. Some 141,360 Irish‐born residents in England and Wales at the 1881 census were assigned to an Irish county of origin, and random isonymy by county of birth for this group also shows a close correspondence to Irish geography. The Mantel matrix correlation between the Irish in Ireland and the Irish in England is 0.855, R2 = 0.7306, indicating that the emigrant Irish in England were representative of the populations of the Irish counties from which they were derived. This result, together with the strong geographical patterning of surnames in Ireland, suggests that isonymy can be used to investigate the population structure and origin of Irish emigrant groups in Britain and potentially throughout the Irish diaspora. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adiponectin and type 2 diabetes in Samoan adults
Authors: Dibello Julia R. , Baylin Ana , Viali Satupaitea , Tuitele John , Bausserman Linda , Mcgarvey Stephen T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective:Previous studies have established an association between adiponectin and type 2 diabetes. It is unclear whether adiponectin will be useful among Samoan Islanders, characterized by markedly elevated levels of obesity, in differentiating those at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.Methods:Cross‐sectional, genetic epidemiology study of obesity in American Samoa and Samoa 2002–2003 (n = 1,599). Logistic regression provided adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between adiponectin, diabetes, and prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose).Results:There is a significant decreasing trend in the odds of diabetes and prediabetes across increasing quintiles of adiponectin with an OR of 2.8 (95% CI: 1.6, 5.0) and 2.9 (95% CI: 1.5, 5.7), respectively, in the lowest relative to the highest quintile of adiponectin (P‐for‐trend = 0.004 and 0.001).Conclusions:Adiponectin is an important correlate, independent of other risk factors, of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes among Samoan islanders and may help distinguish those at higher risk of developing this disease. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total estradiol levels in migrant and British‐born British Pakistani women: Investigating early life influences on ovarian function
Authors: Pollard Tessa M. , Unwin Nigel , Fischbacher Colin , Chamley Jagdip K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that women who grow up in energetically stressed environments have later menarche and lower total estradiol levels during their reproductive years than do women who grow up in less energetically stressed environments. We assessed total estradiol in a serum sample taken 9–11 days after the start of the menstrual cycle in 26 women who grew up in Pakistan and migrated to the UK as adults, in 28 British‐born British Pakistani women, and in 25 British‐born women of European origin. Women who grew up in Pakistan reported a later menarche than women who grew up in the UK. However, we found no significant differences between the groups in total estradiol level. Thus our findings do not support the hypothesis that estradiol levels are partially determined during early life. However, having considered our findings in relation to those of other studies, we conclude that new methodological approaches are needed to provide a more definitive test of the hypothesis. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Searching for the origin of Gagauzes: Inferences from Y‐chromosome analysis
Authors: Varzari Alexander , Kharkov Vladimir , Stephan Wolfgang , Dergachev Valentin , Puzyrev Valery , Weiss Elisabeth H. , Stepanov Vadim 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe Gagauzes are a small Turkish‐speaking ethnic group living mostly in southern Moldova and northeastern Bulgaria. The origin of the Gagauzes is obscure. They may be descendants of the Turkic nomadic tribes from the Eurasian steppes, as suggested by the “Steppe” hypothesis, or have a complex Anatolian‐steppe origin, as postulated by the “Seljuk” or “Anatolian” hypothesis. To distinguish these hypotheses, a sample of 89 Y‐chromosomes representing two Gagauz populations from the Republic of Moldova was analyzed for 28 binary and seven STR polymorphisms. In the gene pool of the Gagauzes a total of 15 Y‐haplogroups were identified, the most common being I‐P37 (20.2%), R‐M17 (19.1%), G‐M201 (13.5%), R‐M269 (12.4%), and E‐M78 (11.1%). The present Gagauz populations were compared with other Balkan, Anatolian, and Central Asian populations by means of genetic distances, nonmetric multidimentional scaling and analyses of molecular variance. The analyses showed that Gagauzes belong to the Balkan populations, suggesting that the Gagauz language represents a case of language replacement in southeastern Europe. Interestingly, the detailed study of microsatellite haplotypes revealed some sharing between the Gagauz and Turkish lineages, providing some support of the hypothesis of the “Seljuk origin” of the Gagauzes. The faster evolving microsatellite loci showed that the two Gagauz samples investigated do not represent a homogeneous group. This finding matches the cultural and linguistic heterogeneity of the Gagauzes well, suggesting a crucial role of social factors in shaping the Gagauz Y‐chromosome pool and possibly also of effects of genetic drift. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Nanoscale Molecular Switch Triggered by Thermal, Light, and Guest Perturbation
Authors: Duriska Martin B. , Neville Suzanne M. , Moubaraki Boujemaa , Cashion John D. , Halder Gregory J. , Chapman Karena W. , Balde Chérif , Létard Jean‐François , Murray Keith S. , Kepert Cameron J. , Batten Stuart R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSchaltbar: In einem diskreten metallosupramolekularen Nanoball (siehe Bild), der mit dem „Bottom‐up“‐Verfahren hergestellt wurde, tritt ein lösungsmittelabhängiges, physikalisch steuerbares Umklappen des Elektronenspins auf. Das Umklappen lässt sich thermisch, durch Licht oder durch das Lösungsmittel auslösen und kann durch Bestrahlen mit grünem und rotem Laserlicht zwischen „an“ und „aus“ hin und her geschaltet werden.magnified image
Metal–Organic Spheres as Functional Systems for Guest Encapsulation
Authors: Imaz Inhar , Hernando Jordi , Ruiz‐Molina Daniel , Maspoch Daniel 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMusic of the spheres: Infinite coordination polymerization of Zn2+ ions and a multitopic ligand produces metal–organic micro‐ and nanospheres that can be used as functional matrices. The spheres can encapsulate combinations of active substances, such as organic dyes, magnetic nanoparticles, or luminescent quantum dots (see image), which results in spheres that are luminescent in the blue, green, and red regions of the spectrum.magnified image
Developmental toxicity associated with receptor tyrosine kinase Ret inhibition in reproductive toxicity testing
Authors: Clemens George R. , Schroeder Raymond E. , Magness Steven H. , Weaver Elizabeth V. , Lech Joseph W. , Taylor Vanessa C. , Masuda Esteban S. , Baluom Muhammad , Grossbard Elliott B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Urogenital abnormalities are among the most common of all human birth defects. In developmental toxicity studies with the Syk kinase inhibitor R788, a spectrum of findings, including renal agenesis, were observed. R788 has also been found to inhibit the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret. Ret kinase is known to be an essential component in the signaling pathway required for renal organogenesis and ureteric duct formation. Previously known is that mutant mice without the c‐ret gene, develop urogenital malformations including renal agenesis.METHODS:In GLP developmental toxicity studies, gravid rabbits were treated orally with R788 at doses of 0, 10, 22, and 50 mg/kg/day (gestation days 7–19) and gravid rats received 0, 5, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg/day (gestation days 6–17) by the same route. The activity of R406 against Ret kinase was assessed in biochemical and cell‐based assays.RESULTS:A dose‐dependent increase in malformations, including renal and ureteric agenesis and a specific major vessel anomaly, retroesophageal right subclavian artery, was observed in both the rat and rabbit. R788 proved to be a potent inhibitor of Ret kinase.CONCLUSIONS:R788 promoted a spectrum of developmental toxicity, including renal and ureteric agenesis and a specific major vessel abnormality, retroesophageal right subclavian artery, in two different species. These effects are likely the result of inhibition of Ret kinase given its importance in the normal ontogeny of the urogenital and cardiovascular systems across species. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of human teratogenicity by the astute clinician method: Review of illustrative agents and a proposal of guidelines
Authors: Carey John C. , Martinez Lynn , Balken Elizabeth , Leen‐Mitchell Marsha , Robertson Julia 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The determination that an exposure is a human teratogen is a complex process involving the application of the principles of teratology, epidemiology, biology, and clinical medicine. Shepard suggested that the “rare exposure/rare defect” or “case report method”, the astute clinician model, was one approach for establishing teratogenicity. The purpose of this article is to review selected exposures with the goal of identifying principles that lead to a working proposal for the application of this approach. METHODS: We selected three known exposures — penicillamine, fluconazole and mycophenolate mofetil — for detailed review. These agents were chosen because their evidence for causation arises mostly from clinical observations in the context of biologic plausibility. RESULTS: All three agents were originally detected based on astute observations by clinicians reporting on individual cases of a distinctive pattern of malformation or, in the case of penicillamine distinctive phenotype, after the rare exposure. All three have varying degrees of biologic evidence that support the hypothesis that each represents a human teratogen. All three meet Shepard's criteria for “proof.” CONCLUSIONS: The basic premise of this approach depends on the rarity of both the exposure and the outcome. We propose guidelines for utilization of this approach in the determination of human teratogenicity. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like cells
Authors: Coetzee Magdalena , Haag Marianne , Kruger Marlena C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOsteoblasts in culture can differentiate into mature mineralizing osteoblasts when stimulated with osteogenic agents. Clinical trials and in vivo animal studies suggest that specific polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may benefit bone health. The aim of this study was to investigate whether arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affect osteogenesis in osteoblasts and the transdifferentiation into adipocytes. Results from this study show that long‐term exposure to AA inhibited alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in these cells, which might be prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)‐mediated. DHA exposure also inhibited ALP activity which was evident after both short‐ and long‐term exposures. The mechanism whereby DHA inhibits ALP activity is not clear and needs to be investigated. Although long‐term exposure to PUFAs inhibited ALP activity, the mineralizing properties of these cells were not compromised. Furthermore, PUFA exposure did not induce adipocyte‐like features in these cells as evidenced by the lack of cytoplasmic triacylglycerol accummulation. More research is required to elucidate the cellular mechanisms of action of PUFAs on bone. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative stress resistance through blocking Hsp60 translocation followed by SAPK/JNK inhibition in aged human diploid fibroblasts
Authors: Lee Young‐Hee , Govinda Bhattarai , Kim Jae‐Cheol , Kim Tae‐Il , Lee Nan‐Hee , Lee Jung‐Chang , Yi Ho‐Keun , Jhee Eun‐Chung 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe stress‐activated protein kinase/c‐JunN‐terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) pathway is a well‐known senescence‐related stress activated protein kinase. Multiple environmental stresses induce programmed cell death, such as apoptosis. Normal human diploid fibroblast (HDF) cells have a limited life spanin vitro, halting proliferation after a fixed number of cell divisions. Aged passage HDF showed resistance to oxidative stress involving heat shock proteins (Hsp60) through a mechanism involving the translocation of Hsp60 from the mitochondria to the cytosol. The present study showed that the translocation of Hsp60 from the mitochondria to the cytosol followed by high levels ofp‐SAPK/JNK activation as a result of oxidative stress was observed in the young cells only. The inhibition of SAPK/JNK activation by SP600125 under oxidative stress almost completely blocked the translocation of Hsp60 in both young and aged cells. This suggests that aged HDF cells are resistant to oxidative stress by blocking the translocation of Hsp60 from the mitochondria to the cytosol followed by SAPK/JNK inhibition. Overall, the mechanism of resistance by oxidative stress in aged cells is induced by blocked of the translocation of Hsp60 followed by SAPK/JNK inactivation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
KAI1/CD82 decreases Rac1 expression and cell proliferation through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in H1299 lung carcinoma cells
Authors: Choi Un‐Jong , Jee Bo‐Keun , Lim Young , Lee Kweon‐Haeng 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlthough the KAI1/CD82 protein has been reported to inhibit cell metastasis in many studies, its mechanism of action has not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the possible effects of KAI1/CD82 on the metastatic phenotype in H1299 lung carcinoma cells. These studies were based on the pivotal role that the acquisition of motile phenotype plays on the initial steps of metastasis. KAI1/CD82‐mediated morphological changes were observed using phase contrast microscopy. We report here, that a KAI1/CD82‐induced phenotypic change was involved in the decrease of Rac1 expression and GTPase activity. However, we found that KAI1/CD82 did not regulate Rac1 mRNA levels. This suggests the existence of another regulatory mechanism of Rac1 protein maturation or activation. To identify the signaling pathway of Rac1 regulation, we investigated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, since the PI3K/Akt pathway regulates Rac1 activation and mTOR is known to play a regulatory role in protein translation. H1299/CD82‐transfectants showed lower mTOR expression and cell growth than the control group. The data obtained from this study suggested that KAI1/CD82 decreased the metastatic phenotype of H1299 lung carcinoma cells by down‐regulating Rac1 expression through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum creatinine ratio: A novel predictor of mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with normal and abnormal renal function
Authors: Kini Annapoorna S. , Sarkar Kunal , Rafael Oana C. , Jakkula Madhavi , Kaplish Dheeraj , Lee Paul , Suleman Javed , Krishnan Prakash , Kim Michael C. , Sharma Samin K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe occurrence of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is associated with increased mortality after percutaneous revascularization procedures. However, the exact correlation between various levels of creatinine elevation relative to the baseline and subsequent mortality in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) is not well established. In addition, the relationship between elevated postprocedural creatinine and ensuing mortality in patients with normal baseline renal function needs to be investigated. Methods: All percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients (n = 12,997) were analyzed for any rise in serum creatinine (SCr): CRI group (BSC ≥ 1.5 mg/dl) (n = 1,853) and normal baseline renal function (NBR BSC < 1.5 mg/dl) group (n = 11,144). Patients in each group were analyzed for any elevation in SCr postprocedure and subdivided based on the SCr ratio [peak SCr/Baseline creatinine (BSC)] of <1.25, 1.25–1.5, and >1.5. The overall incidence of CIN (defined as an increment of 25% over baseline creatinine) was 5.9%: 11.3% in the CRI group versus 5.1% in normal BSC group (P < 0.01). Recursive partitioning and Cox hazard modeling were used to assess significant variables associated with mortality within 1 year. Only serum creatinine ratio (SCrR) > 1.5 correlated with increased mortality in both CRI group as well as normal BSC group. Conclusions: SCrR > 1.5 predicts mortality at 1 year after PCI. The association between SCrR > 1.5 and increased mortality at follow‐up is observed in patients with CRI as well as normal baseline renal function. SCrR may thus serve as a useful clinical tool for risk stratification and prognostication of patients after PCI. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.