bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Trends from the History to the Future of Behavioral Medicine
Authors: Miller Neal E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Examples are given of how mutually beneficial interactions between epidemiology and the clinic on the one hand and basic laboratory research on the other have greatly facilitated advances in behavioral medicine, and will continue to do so in the future. In addition, as concern for health care costs continue to mount, there will be an increasing need for cooperative studies to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of behavioral techniques for prevention and therapy. These will help us to concentrate our efforts where they will be most effective. Furthermore, exploiting rapid electronic and other powerful technical advances will help us to extend therapeutic training from the clinic into daily life. We must educate our students for a lifetime of continued learning.
Clinical Effectiveness of Non-Drug Treatment for Hypertension: a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Linden Wolfgang , Chambers Laura 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis of the clinical effectiveness of treatments for essential hypertension using 166 studies that evaluated the effects of diuretics, beta-blockers, and calcium-channel blockers, weight reduction, sodium and alcohol restriction, physical exercise, calcium and potassium supplements, single-component and multi-component relaxation therapy, and individualized cognitive-behavioral therapies. The findings were consistent with previous reviews that weight reduction, physical exercise, reduced sodium and alcohol intake, potassium supplements, and standardized relaxation treatments led to pressure reductions which mostly fell below effect size magnitudes observed with drug therapies. Of the non-drug approaches, weight reduction/physical exercise, and individualized cognitive-behavioral psychological therapy were particularly effective and did not differ from drug treatments in observed raw effect sizes for systolic blood pressure reductions. Calcium supplements were the least effective intervention. Drug therapies were initiated at higher initial levels of blood pressure than non-drug therapies with average pressures of 154.1 mmHg vs. 145.4 mmHg systolic and 101.5 mmHg vs. 94.3 mmHg diastolic pressure for drug/non-drug treatments respectively. After adjustment for differences in initial pressure levels, the effects for non-drug therapies increased, and the effect size of individualized psychological therapy matched the effect sizes of drug treatments for systolic and diastolic pressure reduction. These findings suggest that some non-drug therapies are more effective than commonly believed especially when differences in pre-treatment blood pressure levels are accounted for.
Social Ties and Support and Neuroendocrine Function: the MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging
Authors: Seeman Teresa E. , Berkman Lisa F. , Blazer Dan , Rowe John W. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Data from a community-based, relatively high-functioning cohort of men and women, aged 70–79, were used to test hypotheses relating the quantity and quality of social relationships to levels of urinary norepinephrine, epinephrine, and Cortisol. For men, multivariate models adjusting for age, chronic conditions, relative weight, smoking, and medications indicated that higher average and maximal frequency of emotional support had the strongest associations with lower levels of all three neuroendocrine parameters. Less consistent patterns of association were seen for other measures of support and social ties among men. Maximum frequency of instrumental support had significant, negative associations with norepinephrine and Cortisol but only a marginal association with epinephrine. Number of social relationships was negatively related to only norepinephrine levels. For women, these same measures showed no significant associations, though married women had significantly lower epinephrine levels. More negative aspects of social relationships (e.g. frequency of demands or criticism) were generally unrelated to endocrine levels. Only men showed a significant, positive relationship between higher minimum frequency of such demands and criticism and levels of Cortisol. Observed gender differences are consistent with those found in previous studies where more consistent associations between social relationships and health and longevity have been found for men.
Development of the Korean construction job exposure matrix (KoConJEM) based on experts’ judgment using the 60 consolidated occupations for construction workers
Authors: Choi Sangjun , Lee Kwang Min , Park Hyunhee , Shim Gyu-Beom , Lee Sun Woo , Kim Yoon-Ji , Lee Eun-Soo , Kim Youngki , Kang Dongmug , Park Ju-Hyun , Kim Se-Yeong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
This study was conducted as an effort to develop a Korean construction job exposure matrix (KoConJEM) based on 60 occupations recently consolidated by the construction workers mutual aid association for use by the construction industry.

Methods
The probability, intensity, and prevalence of exposure to 26 hazardous agents for 60 consolidated occupations were evaluated as binary (Yes/No) or four categories (1 to 4) by 30 industrial hygiene experts. The score for risk was calculated by multiplying the exposure intensity by the prevalence of exposure. Fleiss’ kappa for each hazardous agent and occupation was used to determine agreement among the 30 experts. The JEM was expressed on a heatmap and a web-based dashboard to facilitate comparison of factors affecting exposure according to each occupation and hazardous agent.

Results
Awkward posture, heat/cold, heavy lifting, and noise were hazardous agents regarded as exposure is probable by at least one or more experts in all occupations, while exposure to asphalt fumes was considered hazardous in the smallest number of occupations (n = 5). Based on the degree of agreement among experts, more than half of the harmful factors and most occupations showed fair to good results. The highest risk value was 16 for awkward posture for most occupations other than safety officer.

Conclusions
The KoConJEM provides information on the probability, intensity, and prevalence of exposure to harmful factors, including most occupations employing construction workers; therefore, it may be useful in the conduct of epidemiological studies on assessment of health risk for construction workers.
Lung fibre burden and risk of malignant mesothelioma in shipyard workers: a necropsy-based case–control study
Authors: Mirabelli Dario , Somigliana Anna Benedetta , Azzolina Danila , Consonni Dario , Barbieri Pietro Gino 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
In Italy, the highest pleural cancer mortality and incidence have been observed among Italian regions where the 2 largest Italian shipyards were (and are) located. The objective of this study was to assess the exposure–response relationship for mesothelioma among male workers employed in the Monfalcone, Italy, shipyard.

Methods
We conducted a necropsy-based case–control study. Cases (N = 102) were mesothelioma decedents and controls were those with lung cancer (N = 84). Complete job histories were available; the lung fibre content was measured using a scanning electron microscope with X-ray fluorescence, after sample preparation according to the European Respiratory Society guidelines. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of mesothelioma by fibre type and lung fibre burden, as a categorical or continuous variable, were assessed by unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for age and time since exposure cessation. Analyses for the amphibole and chrysotile lung fibre burden were mutually adjusted. We calculated a cumulative exposure index by applying a job-exposure matrix to the job histories of study cases and assessed its correlation with the lung fibre burden.

Results
We found an odds ratio of 22.0 (confidence intervals 5.66–85.7) for the highest lung fibre burden category (mean 43.8 million total asbestos fibres per gram of dry tissue) compared with the reference (mean 0.48). Using log10-transformed lung fibre burden, we found that the odds ratio was 3.71 (confidence intervals 2.03–6.79) for a 10-fold lung fibre burden increase. Results for the amphibole lung fibre burden were similar. Odds ratios increased over chrysotile lung fibre burden categories (P-trend = 0.025), and the odds ratio for a 10-fold increase was 4.73 (confidence intervals 0.32–70.4).

Conclusions
The cumulative exposure index was correlated with total and amphibole lung fibre burden, but not with chrysotile lung fibre burden. Mesothelioma risk was proportional to total, amphibole, and chrysotile lung fibre burden in shipyard workers.
Drought stress influences foraging preference of a solitary bee on two wildflowers
Authors: Rose-Person Annika , Santiago Louis S , Rafferty Nicole E 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Pollinators provide critical ecosystem services, maintaining biodiversity and benefitting global food production. However, plants, pollinators and their mutualistic interactions can be affected by drought, which has increased in severity and frequency under climate change. Using two annual, insect-pollinated wildflowers (Phacelia campanularia and Nemophila menziesii), we asked how drought impacts floral traits and foraging preferences of a solitary bee (Osmia lignaria) and explored potential implications for plant reproduction.

Methods
In greenhouses, we subjected plants experimentally to drought to induce water stress, as verified by leaf water potential. To assess the impact of drought on floral traits, we measured flower size, floral display size, nectar volume and nectar sugar concentration. To explore how drought-induced effects on floral traits affected bee foraging preferences, we performed choice trials. Individual female bees were placed into foraging arenas with two conspecific plants, one droughted and one non-droughted, and were allowed to forage freely.

Key Results
We determined that P. campanularia is more drought tolerant than N. menziesii, based on measures of turgor loss point, and confirmed that droughted plants were more drought stressed than non-droughted plants. For droughted plants of both species, the floral display size was reduced and the flowers were smaller and produced less, more-concentrated nectar. We found that bees preferred non-droughted flowers of N. menziesii. However, bee preference for non-droughted P. campanularia flowers depended on the time of day and was detected only in the afternoon.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that bees prefer to visit non-droughted flowers, probably reducing pollination success for drought-stressed plants. Lack of preference for non-droughted P. campanularia flowers in the morning might reflect the higher drought tolerance of this species. This work highlights the potentially intersecting, short-term physiological and pollinator behavioural responses to drought and suggests that such responses might reshape plant–pollinator interactions, ultimately reducing reproductive output for less drought-tolerant wildflowers.
Quantification of follicles in human ovarian tissue using image processing software and trained artificial intelligence
Authors: Blevins Gabrielle M , Flanagan Colleen L , Kallakuri Sridula S , Meyer Owen M , Nimmagadda Likitha , Hatch James D , Shea Sydney A , Padmanabhan Vasantha , Shikanov Ariella 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cancer survival rates in prepubertal girls and young women have risen in recent decades due to increasingly efficient treatments. However, many such treatments are gonadotoxic, causing premature ovarian insufficiency, loss of fertility, and ovarian endocrine function. Implantation of donor ovarian tissue encapsulated in immune-isolating capsules is a promising method to restore physiological endocrine function without immunosuppression or risk of reintroducing cancer cells harbored by the tissue. The success of this approach is largely determined by follicle density in the implanted ovarian tissue, which is analyzed manually from histologic sections and necessitates specialized, time-consuming labor. To address this limitation, we developed a fully automated method to quantify follicle density that does not require additional coding. We first analyzed ovarian tissue from 12 human donors between 16 and 37 years old using semi-automated image processing with manual follicle annotation and then trained artificial intelligence program based on follicle identification and object classification. One operator manually analyzed 102 whole slide images from serial histologic sections. Of those, 77 images were assessed by a second manual operator, followed with an automated method utilizing artificial intelligence. Of the 1181 follicles the control operator counted, the comparison operator counted 1178, and the artificial intelligence counted 927 follicles with 80% of those being correctly identified as follicles. The three-stage artificial intelligence pipeline finished 33% faster than manual annotation. Collectively, this report supports the use of artificial intelligence and automation to select tissue donors and grafts with the greatest follicle density to ensure graft longevity for premature ovarian insufficiency treatment.
Burden of disease and treatment patterns in patients with vitiligo: findings from a national longitudinal retrospective study in the UK
Authors: Eleftheriadou Viktoria , Delattre Carine , Chetty-Mhlanga Shala , Lee Christopher , Girardat-Rotar Laura , Khan Iftekhar , Mathew Amit , Thompson Andrew R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
UK studies examining vitiligo burden and vitiligo-related healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) are lacking.

Objective
To describe the incidence and prevalence of vitiligo, the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with vitiligo, vitiligo burden, HCRU, incidence of mental health comorbidities and management strategies, including treatment patterns.

Methods
This retrospective study used UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics databases to analyse patients with vitiligo from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2021.

Results
Among 17 239 incident patients, mean incidence of vitiligo was 0.16 (2010–2021) per 1000 person-years [PY; range 0.10 (2020–COVID-19) to 0.19 (2010/2013/2018)]; among 66 217 prevalent patients, prevalence increased from 0.21% (2010) to 0.38% (2021). The most common comorbidities recorded after vitiligo diagnosis were diabetes (19.4%), eczema (8.9%), thyroid disease (7.5%) and rheumatoid arthritis (6.9%). Mental health diagnoses recorded at any time included depression and/or anxiety (24.6%), depression (18.5%), anxiety (16.0%) and sleep disturbance (12.7%), and recorded after vitiligo diagnosis in 6.4%, 4.4%, 5.5% and 3.9%, respectively. Mental health comorbidities were more common in White (e.g. depression and/or anxiety 29.0%) than in Black (18.8%) and Asian (16.1%) patients. In adolescents, depression and/or anxiety was most commonly diagnosed after a vitiligo diagnosis than before (7.4% vs. 1.8%). Healthcare resources were used most frequently in the first year after vitiligo diagnosis (incident cohort), typically dermatology-related outpatient appointments (101.9/100 PY) and general practitioner consultations (97.9/100 PY). In the year after diagnosis, 60.8% of incident patients did not receive vitiligo-related treatment (i.e. topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, oral corticosteroids or phototherapy), increasing to 82.0% the next year; median time from diagnosis to first treatment was 34.0 months (95% confidence interval 31.6–36.4). Antidepressants and/or anxiolytics were recorded for 16.7% of incident patients in the year after diagnosis. In 2019, 85.0% of prevalent patients did not receive vitiligo-related treatments.

Conclusion
Most patients were not on vitiligo-related treatments within a year of diagnosis, with the time to first treatment exceeding 2 years, suggesting that vitiligo may be dismissed as unimportant. New effective treatments, early initiation and psychological intervention and support are needed to reduce the vitiligo burden on patients.
Catalytic mechanism of Co-containing layered double hydroxide (Co-LDH) as a precursor in carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis
Authors: Chida Chika , Aisawa Sumio , Yokoyama Kei , Kumagai Riku , Sang Jing , Hirahara Hidetoshi , Kimura Hiroe , Futaba Don N 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition using Co-containing layered double hydroxides (Co-LDH) as catalyst precursors and the catalytic mechanism of Co-LDH catalyst precursors during CNT synthesis were investigated. Co-Al and Co-Mg-Al LDH were prepared by the hydrothermal or homogeneous precipitation method using urea. XPS analysis indicated an increase in Co0 content after a reduction process during CNT synthesis, and the TEM images show that metallic Co nanoparticles were formed while maintaining the LDH platelet-like crystal form. Consequently, these metal particles were found to act as the catalyst for the formation of CNTs. Finally, through control of the flow rate of C2H4 gas during CNT synthesis, the formation of single-walled CNTs with diameters of 4 nm or less was demonstrated.
FoPGDB: a pangenome database of Fusarium oxysporum, a cross-kingdom fungal pathogen
Authors: Meng Tan , Jiao Hanqing , Zhang Yi , Zhou Yi , Chen Shaoying , Wang Xinrui , Yang Bowen , Sun Jie , Geng Xin , Ayhan Dilay Hazal , Guo Li 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Pangenomes, capturing the genetic diversity of a species or genus, are essential to understanding the ecology, pathobiology and evolutionary mechanisms of fungi that cause infection in crops and humans. However, fungal pangenome databases remain unavailable. Here, we report the first fungal pangenome database, specifically for Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC), a group of cross-kingdom pathogens causing devastating vascular wilt to over 100 plant species and life-threatening fusariosis to immunocompromised humans. The F. oxysporum Pangenome Database (FoPGDB) is a comprehensive resource integrating 35 high-quality FOSC genomes, coupled with robust analytical tools. FoPGDB allows for both gene-based and graph-based exploration of the F. oxysporum pangenome. It also curates a large repository of putative effector sequences, crucial for understanding the mechanisms of FOSC pathogenicity. With an assortment of functionalities including gene search, genomic variant exploration and tools for functional enrichment, FoPGDB provides a platform for in-depth investigations of the genetic diversity and adaptability of F. oxysporum. The modular and user-friendly interface ensures efficient data access and interpretation. FoPGDB promises to be a valuable resource for F. oxysporum research, contributing to our understanding of this pathogen’s pangenomic landscape and aiding in the development of novel disease management strategies.
Database URL: http://www.fopgdb.site
Tracking flight activity of potato leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with the Midwest Suction Trap Network
Authors: Lagos-Kutz Doris M , Clark Robert E , Seiter Nicholas , Clough Steven J , Hartman Glen L , Crossley Michael S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Potato leafhopper (PLH), Empoasca fabae Harris (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is an economic pest of a variety of crops that migrates between overwintering sites in the southern United States and northern breeding grounds. Since 2005, the Midwest Suction Trap Network (STN) has monitored the magnitude and timing of aerially dispersing aphids’ activity, but the potential of the network to monitor other taxa is only beginning to be explored. Here, we use the Midwest STN to examine how the magnitude and timing of PLH activity vary with weather, cropland cover, and time of year. We found that weekly PLH activity increased early in the season (May–June) with increasing degree day accumulation and decreased mid-season (July–August) with increasing occurrence of rain. The first detections occurred earlier in southern latitudes, while the last detections occurred sooner, when there was more surrounding potato land cover, and later over time between 2018 and 2021 and in southern latitudes. PLH activity was thus longer in duration in southern latitudes and has continued to extend later into the year overall. Resolving uncertainty about how well the Midwest STN captures migratory activity and how closely suction trap detections reflect local population densities in crop fields remain important research priorities before the potential of the Midwest STN for PLH monitoring can be realized. Still, observed patterns suggest that PLH could increase in economic importance as insects disperse over larger portions of the growing season in the warming, agriculturally productive US Midwest and that the STN can become a useful tool to monitor these changes.
Five-year results from a prospective, single-arm European trial on decellularized allografts for aortic valve replacement—the ARISE Study and ARISE Registry Data
Authors: Horke Alexander , Tudorache Igor , Laufer Günther , Andreas Martin , Pomar Jose Luis , Pereda Daniel , Quintana Eduard , Sitges Marta , Meyns Bart , Rega Filip , Hazekamp Mark , Cesnjevar Robert , Schmiady Martin Oliver , Pepper John , Rosendahl Ulrich , Lichtenberg Artur , Stadnik Dmytro , Jashari Ramadan , Boethig Dietmar , Bobylev Dmitry , Avsar Murat , Ruhparwar Arjang , Haverich Axel , Cebotari Serghei , Sarikouch Samir 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Decellularized aortic homografts (DAH) were introduced as a new option for aortic valve replacement for young patients.

METHODS
A prospective, EU-funded, single-arm, multicentre study in 8 centres evaluating non-cryopreserved DAH for aortic valve replacement.

RESULTS
A total of 144 patients (99 male) were prospectively enrolled in the ARISE Trial between October 2015 and October 2018 with a median age of 30.4 years [interquartile range (IQR) 15.9–55.1]; 45% had undergone previous cardiac operations, with 19% having 2 or more previous procedures. The mean implanted DAH diameter was 22.6 mm (standard deviation 2.4). The median operation duration was 312 min (IQR 234–417), the median cardiopulmonary bypass time was 154 min (IQR 118–212) and the median cross-clamp time 121 min (IQR 93–150). No postoperative bypass grafting or renal replacement therapy were required. Two early deaths occurred, 1 due to a LCA thrombus on day 3 and 1 due ventricular arrhythmia 5 h postoperation. There were 3 late deaths, 1 death due to endocarditis 4 months postoperatively and 2 unrelated deaths after 5 and 7 years due to cancer and Morbus Wegener resulting in a total mortality of 3.47%. After a median follow-up of 5.9 years [IQR 5.1–6.4, mean 5.5 years. (standard deviation 1.3) max. 7.6 years], the primary efficacy end-points peak gradient with median 11.0 mmHg (IQR 7.8–17.6) and regurgitation of median 0.5 (IQR 0–0.5) of grade 0–3 were excellent. At 5 years, freedom from death/reoperation/endocarditis/bleeding/thromboembolism were 97.9%/93.5%/96.4%/99.2%/99.3%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The 5-year results of the prospective multicentre ARISE trial continue to show DAH to be safe for aortic valve replacement with excellent haemodynamics.