bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic resistance gene dynamics in the commensal infant gut microbiome over the first year of life
Authors: Trosvik Pål , Noordzij Hanna Theodora , de Muinck Eric Jacques 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Colonization of the infant gut is an important developmental process characterized by high carriage of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and high abundances of pathobionts. The horizontal transfer of ARGs to pathogenic bacteria represents a major public health concern. However, there is still a paucity of longitudinal studies surveilling ARGs in healthy infant guts at high temporal resolution. Furthermore, we do not yet have a clear view of how temporal variation in ARG carriage relates to the dynamics of specific bacterial populations, as well as community virulence potential. Here, we performed deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing of monthly fecal samples from a cohort of 12 infants, covering the first year of life to interrogate the infant gut microbiome for ARG content. We further relate ARG dynamics to the dynamics of taxa, virulence potential, as well as the potential for ARG mobilization.
Results
We identify a core resistome dominated by efflux systems typically associated with Enterobacteriaceae. Overall ARG carriage declined over the first year of life and showed strong contemporaneous correlation with the population dynamics of Proteobacteria. Furthermore, the majority of ARGs could be further mapped to metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) classified to this phylum. We were able to assign a large number of ARGs to E. coli by correlating the temporal dynamics of individual genes with species dynamics, and we show that the temporal dynamics of ARGs and virulence factors are highly correlated, suggesting close taxonomic associations between these two gene classes. Finally, we identify ARGs linked with various categories of mobile genetic elements, demonstrating preferential linkage among mobility categories and resistance to different drug classes.
Conclusion
While individual variation in ARG carriage is substantial during infancy there is a clear reduction over the first year of life. With few exceptions, ARG abundances closely track the dynamics of pathobionts and community virulence potential. These findings emphasize the potential for development of resistant pathogens in the developing infant gut, and the importance of effective surveillance in order to detect such events.
Morphological, Anatomical Structure, and transcriptomics analysis reveals the regulatory mechanism of cassava plant height development
Authors: Cai Zhaoqin , Ruan Lixia , Wei Wanling , He Wen , Yang Haixia , Chen Huixian , Liang Zhenhua , Huang Zhenling , Lan Xiu , Zhang Xiufen , Huang Ruolan , Zhao Chunhui , Li Tianyuan , He Longfei , Li Hengrui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Cassava is one of the three major potato crops in the world, and also the sixth-largest food crop in the world. Improving yield is still one of the main goals of cassava breeding. Plant height has a significant impact on the yield and quality of crops. However, the mechanism of cassava plant height development is still unclear.
Results: In this study, we performed phenotypic, anatomic structural, and transcriptomic analyses to study the mechanisms responsible for Cassava plant-height development. Phenotypic and anatomical observations showed that compared to the high-stem cassava cultivar, the dwarf-stem cassava cultivar displayed a significant decrease in plant height, while the internode tissue xylem area significantly increased. Physiological analysis showed that the lignin content of dwarf cassava was significantly higher than that of high cassava. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes involved in cell wall synthesis and expansion, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis were significantly differentially expressed in the internode tissues of two cassava cultivars.
Conclusion: These results indicate that the internode tissue cell division, secondary wall lignification, and hormones and their related gene expressions play an important role in cassava plant height development. It provides new insights into the mechanism of plant height morphogenesis in cassava. In addition, these candidate genes that regulate plant height development can serve as valuable genetic resources for future crop dwarfing breeding.
Designing if CZTSSe Based PbS Thin Film Solar Cell for Improved Conversion Efficiency
Authors: zhou xin , xue yuming , wang luoxin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we simulated a novel CZTSSe (copper-zinc-tin-sulfide-selenide) thin film solar cell with two absorber layers and PbS(a lead sulfide) layer by SCAPS-1D. We investigated the effect of changes in the thickness of the absorbing layer and the acceptor concentration on this cell. Meanwhile, we also optimized the bandgap width of CZTSSe and the thickness of PbS. Moreover, an effective method has been applied in the aim of boosting the conversion efficiency, by adding a BSF (back surface field) layer in the cell. The BSF layer helps to enhance optical behavior and reduces recombination losses, consequently reducing the Voc (open circuit voltage) deficit. With the highest conversion efficiency calculated in the simulation, a cell conversion efficiency of 27.70% can be achieved, which is significantly higher than the basic structure, and provides a large electrical power as well as a more optimal filling factor at the same time.
Antibacterial Effects of Zinc and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and their Miscibility simulations with Polylactic acid
Authors: Otieno Dibli B. , Bosire Geoffrey O. , Onyari John M. , Mwabora Julius M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

A two-fold semi-empirical approach is reported in this study. Zinc and copper oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs and CuO-NPs) were synthesized and their antibacterial effects studied. The structural properties, miscibility and adsorption behavior of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles on polylactic acid (PLA) were studied using Materials-Studio-based ab initio computations and density functional theory (DFT) approaches. The experimental part revealed a peak absorption at 705.95 and 525 cm-1 on using FTIR analysis which signified presence of spherical and rod-shaped nanoparticles for ZnO-NPs and CuO-NPs, respectively. The experimental studies affirmed that the synthesized ZnO and CuO nanoparticles exhibited antimicrobial effects on gram positive E-coli and gram-negative Bacillus thuringiensis. Theoretical investigations of pristine polylactic acid (PLA), ZnO-NPs on PLA (PLA-ZnO) and CuO-NPs on PLA (PLA-CuO) were achieved by the adsorption locator and blend modules in the Material Studio (MS) software. Both the geometrically optimized adsorbates (ZnO-NPs and CuO-NPs) were annealed on the adsorbent surface (PLA 1,1,0) to reduce the number of defects on the lattice surface. The distribution energies, phase diagrams, free energies and mixing energies revealed immiscibility of PLA/ZnO-NPs and PLA/CuO-NPs blends as evidenced by the asymmetric distribution, composition of both blends below the critical points, positive values of free energies (0.0085, 2.6871 kcal/mol) at 375K and mixing energies (0.1918,12.221 kcal/mol) respectively. In addition, the incorporation of ZnO- and CuO-NPs on the PLA polymer to control bacterial adhesion and prevent biofilm formation was also studied theoretically. The adsorption energies of ZnO and CuO NPs on the PLA surfaces were computed and exhibited negative adsorption energies, which indicated that the type adsorption was chemisorption.
A cluster-randomised controlled feasibility trial evaluating the Cognitive Occupation-Based programme for people with Multiple Sclerosis (COB-MS)
Authors: Hynes Sinéad M. , Dwyer Christopher P. , Alvarez-Iglesias Alberto , Rogers Fionnuala , Joyce Robert , Oglesby Megan , Moses Anusha , Bane Eimear , Counihan Timothy J. , Charamba Beatrice , Group COB-MS PPI Advisory 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction: There is a high prevalence of cognitive difficulties in MS, but despite this, there are few programmes targeting cognition that focus on the ability to function well in everyday life. The Cognitive Occupation-Based programme for people with Multiple Sclerosis (COB-MS), an occupation-focused cognitive intervention, was developed to address this. It focuses on both the functional difficulties and the wide-ranging symptoms that present in MS.
Objective: Here we report on the results of a cluster-randomised controlled feasibility trial (ISRCTN11462710; registered 4th September 2019) evaluating the COB-MS in terms of feasibility and initial efficacy as a cognitive intervention for people with MS.
Method: Data was collected from people with MS experiencing cognitive difficulties at baseline, post-intervention, 12-weeks, and 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome measure was the Goal Attainment Scaling at 12 weeks. Data was also collected in cognition, quality of life, and mood.
Results: One hundred and eighteen people with MS and cognitive difficulties were randomised to either usual care (n=60) or COB-MS intervention (n=58). Ninety-four participants were retained at 6-month follow-up. Those allocated to the COB-MS group had a significant improvement in the primary outcome compared to the control condition. The COB-MS was found to be feasible, including trial procedures and protocol. Data indicates that the COB-MS is accepted by participants and had positive impacts on daily life. Progression criteria have been met.
Conclusion: The results provide a strong basis for a pathway to a future definitive trial of COB-MS, with respect to both feasibility and preliminary, clinical efficacy.
Empowering Digital Resilience: MachineLearning-Based Policing Models for Cyber AttackDetection in Wi-Fi Networks
Authors: MT Suryadi , Aminanto Achmad Eriza , Aminanto Muhamad Erza 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, there has been a significant digital transformation. The widespread use of wireless communication in IoT has posed security challenges due to its vulnerability to cybercrime. The Indonesian National Police's Directorate of Cyber Crime (Dittipidsiber) is expected to play a preventive role in supervising these attacks, despite lacking a specific cyber-attack prevention function. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS), employing artificial intelligence, can differentiate between cyber-attacks and non-attacks. This study focuses on developing a machine learning-based policing model to detect cyber-attacks on Wi-Fi networks. The model analyzes network data, enabling quick identification of attack indications in the command room. The research involves simulations and analyses of various feature selection methods and classification models using a public dataset of cyber-attacks on Wi-Fi networks. The study identifies mutual information with twenty features as the optimal feature reduction method and Neural Network as the best classification method, achieving a 94% F-Score within 95 seconds. These results demonstrate the proposed IDS's ability to swiftly detect attacks, aligning with previous research findings.
فعالية تطوير كتاب متن الأجرومية على شكل خرائط المفاهيم
Authors: Fatimah Fatimah 
Published: March 2024

كان أسلوب التعليم يسمى بخرائط المفاهيم الذي أوجدها "طاني بوزان" (Tony Buzon) في أول مرّة، وهي خطة ممتازة للذاكرة، التي يمكن أن نتركب الفكرة حتى يستعمل كيفية عملية الدماغ منذ بداية البحث. إذن لتذكير المعلومات وحفظ الدراسة ستكون الدراسة أسهل وأحسن من الكتابة التقليدية. تريد الباحثة استخدام خرائط المفاهيم لتطوير المادة النحوية من كتاب "متن الأجرومية" لتلاميذ الصف الأول بمدرسة منبع الصالحين المتوسطة الإسلامية لمعرفة فعالية استخدام تطوير المادة النحوية من كتاب "متن الأجرومية" على شكل خرائط المفاهيم، ولزيادة رغبة التلاميذ في تعليم النحو. تستخدم الباحثة خرائط المفاهيم لتطوير المواد النحوية من كتاب متن الأجرومية في هذا البحث. أما أسلوب بملأ عبارة في اللوحة مع الألوان المتنوعة حسب تقسيم المواد، ولكلّ لون له معنى. وهذا البحث بالتجربة في الصف الأول "N" بمدرسة منبع الصالحين الإسلامية الحكومية بغرسيك. هذا البحث يبحث عن كيفية تطوير كتاب متن الأجرومية على شكل خرائط المفاهيم لتنمية فهم النحو وتطبيقه للصف الأول بمدرسة منبع الصالحين الإسلامية الحكومية بغرسيك ومدى فعاليتها. تستخدم الباحثة طريقة البحث والتطوير بعملية تطوير المواد وتجريبه. وهذا البحث يدلّ على أنّها "فعّال" . هذا بدليل أن معدل نتيجتهم في الإختبار البعدي هو 89،66 أو % 89،66 في مستوى "جيّد جدّا".
ثقافة ترجمة جيغكوت و دوره فى تكوين التفكير النّاقِد لدى طلبة المعاهد الإسلامية فى أندونيسيا (دراسة وصفية عن تحقيقالمجال الإدراكيّلِ بلوم)
Authors: محمودة أمي 
Published: March 2024

ملخص البحث: ترجمة جيغكوت (bearded translation) هي من بعض ثقافات إندونيسيا الإسلامية. و هي الترجمة التى قام بها رِجالُ المعهد فى الكتب الصفراء. تحتوي عمليتها قِيَمَ مجالات بلوم ( Bloom). تلك العمليات تُعَلِّمُ أيضا التفكير النَّاقد. إستخدمت المقالة المدخل الكيفيّ الوصفيّ بالدراسة المكتبية و الملاحظة.تطبيق مجال بلوم الإدراكي ( cognitive domain ) فى تعليم التفكير النَّاقد أثناء تعليم ترجمة جيغكوتوهو كما يلى 1ـ المعرفة (Knowledge) "يُعرّف الطالب تعريفاً تاما عن الوضوء" .2 الفهم (Comprehension) "أعاد الطالب صياغة تعريف الوضوء بكلماته الخاصة". هذا يعلّم التفكير النَّاقد وهو "محاولة المرء فى توسيع آفاق التفكير" 3.التطبيق (Application) "مَثّل الطالب كيفية الوضوء", 4ـ التحليل (Analysis) "يقرأْ الطالب بترجمة جيغكوت حيث يحلِّل نحْويّا و صرفيّا" .5 .ـ التركيب (Synthesis) يشرح الطالب المراد من المادة التى تم قراءتها عن وسيلة ترجمة جيغكوت 6ـ التقييم (Evaluation) قام الطالب بتقييم أخيه فى قرأة باب الوضوء بترجمة جيغكوت بحيث يحلله نحويّا و صرفيّا ويأتى بمراد ما يقرأ صحيحا وهذا يُعلّم التفكير النَّاقد و هو 1) التفكير المفتوح 2) الإحترام بانتقادات الآخرين و 3) لم يزل فى الإنتباه بالمهمة الأساسية و 4) سرعة الإنتباه بانتقادات الآخرين و معرفةمميزاتهم. تُوصىَ بأن تستمر ثقافة ترجمة جيغكوت لأنها تُحقِّقُ مجال الإدراكيّ لِ بلوم و فى نفس الوقت يُعلِّم التفكير النَّاقد.
التعريب ويتحدّى في تعليم اللغة العربية لغيرالناطقين بها
Authors: الرزي أحمد يشكر أمن 
Published: March 2024

الملخص تعليم اللغة العربية متنوعة ومتفرقة إتحدّها أو مشكلتها ولا نستطيع أن نخلى من تعسير وصعوبة في التعليم ،وتفريقمشكلتها للناطيقين بها ولغير النطقين بها.ومنها توليد الكلمة المعرّبة من اللغة الأم الأعجمي فيعرّبها لتسلسل إلى الكلمة العربية أو لعسرة إيجد في اللغة العربية. بإمكن أخر خلفية التعريبمن تطوير اللغة الدولية المتقدمة في جميعميدن الحياة من تقنية أو تكنولوجيا، أو تطوير شبكة الدولية من الحسوب أو الهاتف وغير ذالك. وهذه مظهرة التعريب أو المعربة توقع متوفرا ومتغزرا في علاقة بين اللغة العربية واللغة الأخرى. وبهذا الظنون من توقعية التعريب ربم صور كيف التعريب كيف مفهمه، شروطه، طروقه. والمهمة كيف تطبيق في تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها الصححة من مود التعليم.
Ambiente alimentar e adesão à alimentação escolar de adolescentes brasileiros: análise multinível
Authors: Froelich Mendalli , Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza , Mendes Larissa Loures , Talvia Sanna Sinikka , Muraro Ana Paula 
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os fatores do ambiente alimentar escolar associados à adesão à alimentação escolar entre adolescentes de escolas públicas brasileiras. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com dados de 67.881 adolescentes de 11 a 19 anos, estudantes de escolas públicas que participaram da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) 2015. A variável dependente foi a frequência de consumo da alimentação escolar, classificada em adesão (≥3x/semana), adesão insatisfatória (1-2x/semana) e não adesão (nenhum dia). Utilizou-se regressão multinível ordinal para estimar o efeito das variáveis individuais e do ambiente escolar na adesão à alimentação escolar. Resultados: Dentre os estudantes avaliados, 31,3% aderiram à alimentação escolar, 37,9% aderiram insatisfatoriamente e 30,8% não aderiram. Após ajuste para variáveis individuais, observou-se maior adesão entre os que frequentavam escolas sem cantina (OR: 1,46; IC 95%: 1,35-1,57), sem ponto alternativo de venda de alimentos (OR: 1,29; IC 95%: 1,20-1,39 ), do Sul (OR: 1,38; IC 95%: 1,22-1,56), Sudeste (OR: 1,30; IC 95%: 1,16-1,46) e Centro-Oeste (OR: 1,95; IC 95%: 1,75-2,18) , não capitais (OR: 1,42; IC 95%: 1,33-1,52) e áreas rurais (OR: 1,41; IC 95%: 1,26-1,57). Conclusão: Os estudantes que frequentam escolas sem cantina e ponto alternativo de venda apresentaram 46% e 29% maiores chances de adesão à alimentação escolar, respectivamente. Esses resultados destacam a necessidade de intervenções que promovam um ambiente escolar alimentar mais saudável e fortaleçam as ações de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional nas escolas públicas brasileiras.
Role of public attitude, knowledge, and trust in shaping the acceptance of recycled wastewater for potable and non-potable uses
Authors: Gul Samiya , Govender Ivan Gunass , Bux Faizal , Baba Sajad Hassan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The acceptance of recycled wastewater plays a pivotal role in shaping the success of water management strategies. This study examines relation of public attitudes, knowledge, behaviors, and trust toward recycled wastewater systems, utilizing a survey of participants. The results reveal substantial knowledge deficits, with only 23.8% correctly defining recycled wastewater. In addition, 46.3% of respondents were knowledgeable about water scarcity, while 45.3% correctly identified the largest water uses. Attitudes were more reserved toward potable applications, with only 5% strongly agreeing to consume recycled water for drinking. Behavioral intentions favored non-potable uses, with 87% agreeing to use recycled wastewater for home gardening and flushing toilets, while 56% considered consuming food irrigated with recycled wastewater acceptable. Trust in water authorities emerged as a significant factor influencing acceptance. Lack of competence and not acting in public interest were identified as key factors eroding trust. The study also explored the influence of religion, revealing that non-contact applications were widely accepted across all religions, while direct-contact applications generated varied responses. The findings underscore the need for targeted educational campaigns, the cultivation of trust, and a nuanced approach considering cultural and religious diversity to promote wastewater recycling.
Optimal allocation planning of regional water resources with multiple objectives using improved firefly algorithm
Authors: Yang Zhiling , Wang Zhaocai , Yao Zhiyuan , Bao Xiaoguang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Population growth and economic development, coupled with water pollution and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather, have led to a growing contradiction between water supply and demand in some regions. To address this challenge, rational and optimal allocation of regional water resources has emerged as a crucial approach. This study focuses on creating a comprehensive model for optimizing regional water resource allocation, taking into account social, economic, and ecological factors. In addition, three innovative modifications are introduced to the firefly algorithm (FA), resulting in the development of the improved firefly algorithm (IFA). The effectiveness of IFA is validated through experiments involving nine benchmark functions. The results highlight the improved search efficiency and convergence achieved by IFA compared to other intelligent algorithms. Moreover, the application of IFA in solving the water resource allocation challenge in Shannxi Province, China, for 2020 and 2021 demonstrates a reduction in the overall water shortage rate to 4.69 and 1.72%, at a 75% guarantee rate. This reduction in water shortages contributes to addressing future scarcities. The proposed allocation scheme offers comprehensive benefits and provides crucial technical support for water resource management. Ultimately, this study offers valuable insights and guidance for addressing the issue of water supply–demand disparities.
Intense malarial transmission during the dry season in irrigated rice-growing areas: a case study in Sakassou, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Beke Obo Armel-Hermann , Zoh Dounin Danielle , Assi Serge-Brice , Gbalegba Constant N. G. , Assouho Konan Fabrice , Azongnibo Mardoché R. K. , Edi Constant A. V. , Tanoh Antoine M. , Yapi Grégoire Y. , Adja Maurice A. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The health district of Sakassou is one of the 83 health districts in Côte d'Ivoire, located in a zone with very high malarial transmission rates, with an incidence rate of ≥40% Therefore, to guide vector control methods more effectively, it was crucial to have a good understanding of the vectors in the area. This study aimed to determine the level of malarial transmission during the dry season in Sakassou, Côte d'Ivoire. Female Anopheles mosquitoes were sampled using human landing catches (HLCs) and pyrethrum spraying catches (PSCs). The larvae were collected using the ‘dipping’ method. A total of 10,875 adult female mosquitoes of Anopheles gambiae were collected. The PCR analysis revealed that all individuals were Anopheles coluzzii. The geographical distribution of potential breeding sites of Anopheles showed the presence of An. coluzzii in all the wetlands of the city of Sakassou. During the dry season, the human-biting rate of An. coluzzii was 139.1 bites/person/night. An exophagic trend was displayed by an adult female of An. coluzzii. The entomological inoculation rate during the dry season was 1.49 infectious bites/person/night. This study demonstrated that An. coluzzii was the main vector of malarial transmission in Sakassou, and the intensity of transmission remains high throughout the dry season.
ЗМІНИ В ТИРЕОЇДНОМУ ГОРМОНАЛЬНОМУ СТАТУСІ ПОРАНЕНИХ В ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ВІД ОБ’ЄМУ РАНОВОГО УШКОДЖЕННЯ
Authors: Місюра Катерина , Лурін Ігор , Селюкова Наталія , Бойко Марина , Тиха Інна , Негодуйко Володимир , Калашник Світлана 
Published: March 2024

Рановий процес – це складний комплекс місцевих та загальних реакцій організму, що розвиваються у відповідь на пошкодження тканин. Внаслідок розпочатої у лютому 2022 року збройної агресії росії проти України значно зросла кількість осіб, які отримали бойову травму. Швидкість загоєння цих травм та перебіг ранового процесу залежать від багатьох факторів, одним з яких є тиреоїдний гормональний статус. Вплив гормонів щитоподібної залози на швидкість та особливості загоєння бойових травм не вивчались, що й обумовлює актуальність цього дослідження. Мета дослідження. визначення основних закономірностей між об’ємом ранового ушкодження та змінами рівнів гормонів щитоподібної залози у сироватці крові на різних етапах ранової хвороби.
Матеріали та методи. У досліджені брали участь 30 чоловіків, які отримали поранення м’яких тканин різного об’єму ураження. Вік поранених – 34,2+ 4,3 роки. Середня маса тіла становила 78 ±3,5 кг. Визначались рівні вільного Т3, вільного Т4 та ТТГ.
Результати. У всіх обстежених осіб рівень вільного Т3 не зазнав статистично значущих змін впродовж усього терміну дослідження у порівнянні із його рівнем у термін на 1-3 добу і знаходився в діапазоні 3,4-5,2 пмоль/л. У осіб із пораненнями легкого та середнього ступеня важкості рівні вільного Т4 не відрізнялись. Рівні вільного Т4 у осіб із важким пораненням були вірогідно (р<0,05) вищими на усіх етапах дослідження у порівнянні із особами з середнім та легким пораненням. Рівень ТТГ при пораненнях середнього та важкого ступеня зростав (р<0,05) у порівнянні із легкими пораненнями у термін 1-5 день. Але на 14 добу дослідження значення даного показника вірогідно зменшувалося (р<0,05) у обох групах до рівня, однакового із групою осіб, які зазнали поранення легкого ступеня.
Висновки. У обстежених осіб із пораненням важкого та середнього ступеня мало місце вірогідне зростання рівнів ТТГ у термін 1 - 5 доби від поранення, яке супроводжувалось також зростанням рівня вільного Т4. Рівні Т3 вірогідних змін не зазнали.