bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 20‐[18F]fluoroarachidonic acid: A potential phospholipid metabolic agent
Authors: Nagatsugi Fumi , Hokazono Junji , Sasaki Shigeki , Maeda Minoru 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA fluorine‐18 labelled analog of arachidonic acid, 20‐[18F]fluoroarachidonic acid, was prepared for evaluation as a potential phospholipid metabolic agent.The radiosynthesis was accomplished by [18F]fluoride ion displacement on the tosylate precursor followed by basic hydrolysis of the ester group, in isolated radiochemical yield (not decay corrected) of 10 % in overall synthesis time (including HPLC purification) of 110 min.
A chemical probe for the estrogen receptor: Synthesis of the 3H‐isotopomer of raloxifene
Authors: Dodge Jeffrey A. , Stocksdale Mark G. , Jones C. David 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRadiolabelled raloxifene (LY156758) has been prepared by tritium gas hydrogenolysis of a 3‐aroyl‐bis‐brominated precursor. The requisite halogenated intermediate was accessed by regioselective aroylation of benzothiophene 6 with the acid chloride of 3,5‐dibromo‐4‐[2‐(1‐piperdinyl)ethoxy]benzoic acid (5). Selective deprotection of the aryl methyl ethers in the presence of the ethoxy side‐chain followed by palladium catalyzed halogen‐tritium exchange provided the target compound with a specific activity of 30.1 Ci/mmol.
Synthesis of 2‐amino‐3,5‐dihydro‐7‐(3‐thienylmethyl)‐[6‐14C]‐4H‐pyrrolo[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐one monohydrochloride ([14C]CI‐1000)
Authors: Hicks James L. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract2‐Amino‐3,5‐dihydro‐7‐(3‐thienylmethyl)‐[6‐14C]‐4H‐pyrrolo [3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐one monohydrochloride ([14C]Cl‐1000), a potent purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor, was made in six steps from potassium [14C]cyanide. A key step was the reduction of a nitro and a nitrile group with sodium hypophosphite and RaNi followed by cyclization of the resulting intermediate to form a pyrrolo[3,2‐d] pyrimidinone.
Synthesis of cyclophosphamide‐4,4,5,5‐d4
Authors: Walsh Shawn P. , Shulman‐Roskes Ellen M. , Anderson Lawrence W. , Chang Young H. , Ludeman Susan M. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract3‐Hydroxypropionitrile was subjected to a base‐catalyzed exchange reaction in D2O which provided 2,2‐dideuterio‐3‐deuteroxypropionitrile (DOCH2CD2CN) in 70% yield. Reduction of the nitrile with LiAlD4 gave 3‐amino‐2,2,3,3‐tetradeuteriopropan‐1‐o1 (HOCH2CD2CD2NH2) in a crude yield of 71%. Reaction of this intermediate with N,N‐bis(2‐chloroethyl)phosphoramidic dichloride [Cl2P(O)N(CH2CH2Cl)2] followed by the combination of those chromatography fractions which contained only pure material gave cyclophosphamide‐4,4,5,5‐d4 as a white oil in 13% yield. A portion of this oil was converted to the monohydrate by the addition of water (1.1 equivalents) and crystallization from ether/petroleum ether (62% yield). For the hydrate, MS analyses gave an average mole percent enrichment (with average deviation over 5 determinations) of 89.1 ± 0.5% d4.
Synthese des bis‐ (β aminocrotonsaure‐2, 4‐ 14C)‐ thiodiathylenglycol (1,1‐14C) ‐esters
Authors: Figge K. , Voss H. P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDer markierte PVC‐Stabilisator Bis‐(β‐aminocrotonsäure‐2,4‐14C)‐thiodiäthylenglykol(1,1′‐14C)‐ester (I) wird über die folgenden synthesestufen dargestellt:
Thiodiäthylenglykol‐1‐1′‐14C (II) aus 2‐Chloräthanol‐1‐14C (III) und Natriumsulfid; Ausbeute: 88 % d.Th., bzg. auf III.
Acetessigsäure(2,4‐14C)‐äthylester (IV) aus Essigsäure (2‐14C)‐äthyleser (V) in Gegenwart von na‐Äthylat; Ausbeute: 46 % d.Th.
Bis‐(acetessigsäure‐2,4‐14C)‐thiodiäthylenglykol(1,1′‐14C)‐ester (VII) durch Umesterung von IV mit II; Ausbeute: 72 % d.Th., bzg. auf II.
PVC‐Stabilisator I durch Umsetzung von VII mit Flüssigem Ammoniak; Ausbeute; 80 % d.Th., bzg. auf VII.
Die chemische und radiochemische Reinheit der einzelnen Reaktionsprodukte wird radiodünnschichtchromatographisch überprüft.
Purification of tpitiated gentamichin
Authors: Wilson T. W. , Kadar D. , Inaba T. , Jhhnson J. E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA simple, high capacity method for the purification of 3H‐gentamicin is described. Confirmation of radiochemical purity using several thin layer chromatography systems is presented. Based on the weith of biologically active material, the specific activity is 1.02 Ci/mM.
Clinical trials update from the joint European Society and World Congress of Cardiology meeting: PEP‐CHF, ACCLAIM and the HHH study
Authors: Cleland John G.F. , Coletta Alison P. , Clark Andrew L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis article provides information and a commentary on trials relevant to the pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of heart failure, presented at the joint European Society and World Congress of Cardiology meeting held in Barcelona in September 2006. All reports should be considered as preliminary data, as analyses may change in the final publication.The PEP‐CHF study suggests that perindopril improves symptoms and functional capacity and may reduce heart failure hospitalisations in patients with diastolic heart failure. Although immune modulation therapy failed to reduce the incidence of all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular hospitalisations in the ACCLAIM study, the observed differences in outcome in some heart failure patients warrants further investigation. The HHH study failed to show a beneficial effect of telemonitoring over usual care in patients with heart failure but potentially important country interactions were observed.
Multiple sclerosis and milk: to drink or not to drink?
Authors: RUTTER EMMA R F 
Published: October 2006

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition of the central nervous system. It is the most common disabling neurological disease among young adults. The aetiology of this condition, which affects approximately 85 000 people in the UK, is unknown. It has been suggested that environmental factors including nutrition may be involved in its development in susceptible individuals. In the past, it has been suggested that milk and dairy products could exacerbate, cause relapses in, and even progress the symptoms of MS. This paper discusses the role of dairy products and their components in relation to MS, and is based on recently published research.
Effects of antibiotics on fitness of the B biotype and a non‐B biotype of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Ruan Yong‐Ming , Xu Jing , Liu Shu‐Sheng 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), harbors primary and secondary endosymbionts. Previous research showed that the invasive B biotype and an indigenous non‐B biotype (named non‐B ZHJ‐1 population) of B. tabaci from Zhejiang, China, harbored different endosymbionts. To investigate the function of these endosymbionts in the two biotypes of B. tabaci, we fed adult whiteflies with three antibiotics, tetracycline, ampicillin trihydrate, and rifampicin, and evaluated the fitness of their offspring on cotton plants. These three antibiotics did not remove the primary endosymbiont Portiera aleyrodidarum but were capable of eliminating the secondary endosymbionts. In the B biotype, treatments of adults with tetracycline or ampicillin trihydrate accelerated development and increased the survival of their offspring, while treatment of adults with rifampicin significantly retarded the development of their offspring but did not affect their survival. In the non‐B ZHJ‐1 population, treatments of adults with tetracycline or ampicillin trihydrate also accelerated the development of their offspring but did not significantly affect their survival, while treatment of adults with rifampicin significantly retarded development and reduced the survival of their offspring. These results suggest that removal of some secondary endosymbionts and/or reduction of the primary endosymbiont from B. tabaci may produce both favorable and unfavorable effects on the fitness of the host insects.
Postentry Events Are Responsible for Restriction of Productive Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells
Authors: Finnen Renée L. , Mizokami Kara R. , Banfield Bruce W. , Cai Guang-Yun , Simpson Scott A. , Pizer Lewis I. , Levin Myron J. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTProductive infection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in vitro is restricted almost exclusively to cells derived from humans and other primates. We demonstrate that the restriction of productive VZV infection in CHO-K1 cells occurs downstream of virus entry. Entry of VZV into CHO-K1 cells was characterized by utilizing an ICP4/β-galactosidase reporter gene that has been used previously to study herpes simplex virus type 1 entry. Entry of VZV into CHO-K1 cells involved cell surface interactions with heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans and a cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor. Lysosomotropic agents inhibited the entry of VZV into CHO-K1 cells, consistent with a low-pH-dependent endocytic mechanism of entry. Infection of CHO-K1 cells by VZV resulted in the production of both immediate early and late gene products, indicating that a block to progeny virus production occurs after the initiation of virus gene expression.
Frequency, prognostic impact, and subtype association of 8p12, 8q24, 11q13, 12p13, 17q12, and 20q13 amplifications in breast cancers
Authors: Letessier Anne , Sircoulomb Fabrice , Ginestier Christophe , Cervera Nathalie , Monville Florence , Gelsi-Boyer Véronique , Esterni Benjamin , Geneix Jeannine , Finetti Pascal , Zemmour Christophe , Viens Patrice , Charafe-Jauffret Emmanuelle , Jacquemier Jocelyne , Birnbaum Daniel , Chaffanet Max 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
Oncogene amplification and overexpression occur in tumor cells. Amplification status may provide diagnostic and prognostic information and may lead to new treatment strategies. Chromosomal regions 8p12, 8q24, 11q13, 17q12 and 20q13 are recurrently amplified in breast cancers.

Methods
To assess the frequencies and clinical impact of amplifications, we analyzed 547 invasive breast tumors organized in a tissue microarray (TMA) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and calculated correlations with histoclinical features and prognosis. BAC probes were designed for: (i) two 8p12 subregions centered on RAB11FIP1 and FGFR1 loci, respectively; (ii) 11q13 region centered on CCND1; (iii) 12p13 region spanning NOL1; and (iv) three 20q13 subregions centered on MYBL2, ZNF217 and AURKA, respectively. Regions 8q24 and 17q12 were analyzed with MYC and ERBB2 commercial probes, respectively.

Results
We observed amplification of 8p12 (amplified at RAB11FIP1 and/or FGFR1) in 22.8%, 8q24 in 6.1%, 11q13 in 19.6%, 12p13 in 4.1%, 17q12 in 9.9%, 20q13Z (amplified at ZNF217 only) in 9.9%, and 20q13Co (co-amplification of two or three 20q13 loci) in 8.5% of cases. The 8q24, 12p13, and 17q12 amplifications were correlated with high grade. The most frequent single amplifications were 8p12 (9.8%), 8q24 (3.3%) and 12p13 (3.3%), 20q13Z and 20q13Co (1.6%) regions. The 17q12 and 11q13 regions were never found amplified alone. The most frequent co-amplification was 8p12/11q13. Amplifications of 8p12 and 17q12 were associated with poor outcome. Amplification of 12p13 was associated with basal molecular subtype.

Conclusion
Our results establish the frequencies, prognostic impacts and subtype associations of various amplifications and co-amplifications in breast cancers.
Quantitative Assay of Deletion or Duplication Genotype by Capillary Electrophoresis System: Application in Prader–Willi Syndrome and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Hung Chia-Cheng , Chen Chih-Ping , Lin Shuan-Pei , Chien Shu-Chin , Lee Chien-Nan , Cheng Wen-Fang , Hsieh Wu-Shiun , Liu Ming S , Su Yi-Ning , Lin Win-Li 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Background: Deletions and duplications involving large DNA segments result in underexpression or overexpression, depending on the changes in allele dose, and are known to cause many common disorders. Detection of allele dose variations in the human genome is increasingly important in medical genetic diagnosis.
Methods: We used multiplex quantitative PCR coupled with capillary electrophoresis for accurate allele dose determination. In cases of Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), a total of 24 patients with PWS, as well as 205 control individuals from the general population, were analyzed by use of multiplex quantitative PCR to amplify the FGFR2 gene, the KRIT1 gene, and the SNRPN gene simultaneously. In cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), we optimized the multiplex quantitative PCR to amplify 38 exons to analyze the DMD gene for rapid diagnosis of 12 DMD-affected males, 12 obligate carriers from families, and 50 unaffected female controls.
Results: We were able to unambiguously diagnose the deletion genotype in PWS patients and identify all deletion or duplication genotypes and carrier status in DMD-affected cases with 100% sensitivity and specificity.
Conclusions: This report describes a novel single assay that can rapidly quantify allele dose to provide accurate clinical genetic diagnosis. This technique offers a valuable alternative for the rapid detection of genomic deletions or duplications and decreases costs because it does not require expensive fluorescent reagents.
Beating Heart Transplant Procedures Using Organs From Donors With Circulatory Death
Authors: Krishnan Aravind , Ruaengsri Chawannuch , Guenthart Brandon A. , Shudo Yasuhiro , Wang Hanjay , Ma Michael R. , MacArthur John Ward , Hiesinger William , Woo Y. Joseph 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceThe use of ex vivo normothermic organ perfusion has enabled the use of deceased after circulatory death (DCD) donors for heart transplants. However, compared with conventional brain death donation, DCD heart transplantation performed with ex vivo organ perfusion involves an additional period of warm and cold ischemia, exposing the allograft to multiple bouts of ischemia reperfusion injury and may contribute to the high rates of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation usage after DCD heart transplantation.ObjectiveTo assess whether the beating heart method of DCD heart transplantation is safe and whether it has an acceptable rate of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use postoperatively.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case series includes 10 patients with end-stage heart failure undergoing DCD heart transplantation at a single academic medical center from October 1, 2022, to August 3, 2023. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to August 2023.InterventionsUsing a beating heart method of implantation of the donor allograft.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was primary graft dysfunction necessitating postoperative initiation of mechanical circulatory support. Survival and initiation of mechanical circulatory support were secondary outcomes.ResultsIn this case series, 10 consecutive patients underwent DCD heart transplantation via the beating heart method. Ten of 10 recipients were male (100%), the mean (SD) age was 51.2 (13.8) years, and 7 (70%) had idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Ten patients (100%) survived, and 0 patients had initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation postoperatively. No other mechanical circulatory support, including intra-aortic balloon pump, was initiated postoperatively. Graft survival was 100% (10 of 10 patients), and, at the time of publication, no patients have been listed for retransplantation.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study of 10 patients undergoing heart transplantation, the beating heart implantation method for DCD heart transplantation was safe and may mitigate ischemia reperfusion injury, which may lead to lower rates of primary graft dysfunction necessitating extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. These results are relevant to institutions using DCD donors for heart transplantation.
Development of a Health Equity Framework for the US Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Lin Jennifer S. , Webber Elizabeth M. , Bean Sarah I. , Evans Corinne V. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceClinical practice guidelines can play an important role in mitigating health inequities. The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has prioritized addressing health equity and racism in its recommendations.ObjectiveTo develop a framework that would allow the USPSTF to incorporate a health equity lens that spans the entirety of its recommendation-making process.Evidence ReviewKey guidance, policy, and explanatory frameworks related to health equity were identified, and their recommendations and findings were mapped to current USPSTF methods. USPSTF members as well as staff from multiple entities supporting the USPSTF portfolio were consulted. Based on all the gathered information, a draft health equity framework and checklist were developed; they were then circulated to the USPSTF’s key partners for input and review.FindingsAn equity framework was developed that could be applied to all phases of the recommendation process: (1) topic nomination, selection, and prioritization; (2) development of the work plan; (3) evidence review; (4) evidence deliberation; (5) development of the recommendation statement; and (6) dissemination of recommendations. For each phase, several considerations and checklist items to address are presented. These items include using health equity as a prioritization criterion and engaging a diverse group of stakeholders at the earliest phases in identifying topics for recommendations; developing necessary equity-relevant questions (eg, beyond effectiveness and harms) to address during the protocol phase; using methods in synthesizing the evidence and contextual issues in the evidence review related to specific populations experiencing a disproportionate burden of disease; and examining the magnitude and certainty of net benefit, implementation considerations, risk assessment, and evidence gaps through an equity lens when developing evidence-based recommendations.Conclusions and RelevanceExecuting this entire framework and checklist as described will be challenging and will take additional time and resources. Nonetheless, whether adopted in its entirety or in parts, this framework offers guidance to the USPSTF, as well as other evidence-based guideline entities, in its mission to develop a more transparent, consistent, and intentional approach to addressing health equity in its recommendations.
Closing the loop – the role of pathologists in digital and computational pathology research
Authors: Rau Tilman T , Cross William , Lastra Ricardo R , Lo Regina C‐L , Matoso Andres , Herrington C Simon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn increasing number of manuscripts related to digital and computational pathology are being submitted to The Journal of Pathology: Clinical Research as part of the continuous evolution from digital imaging and algorithm‐based digital pathology to computational pathology and artificial intelligence. However, despite these technological advances, tissue analysis still relies heavily on pathologists' annotations. There are three crucial elements to the pathologist's role during annotation tasks: granularity, time constraints, and responsibility for the interpretation of computational results. Granularity involves detailed annotations, including case level, regional, and cellular features; and integration of attributions from different sources. Time constraints due to pathologist shortages have led to the development of techniques to expedite annotation tasks from cell‐level attributions up to so‐called unsupervised learning. The impact of pathologists may seem diminished, but their role is crucial in providing ground truth and connecting pathological knowledge generation with computational advancements. Measures to display results back to pathologists and reflections about correctly applied diagnostic criteria are mandatory to maintain fidelity during human–machine interactions. Collaboration and iterative processes, such as human‐in‐the‐loop machine learning are key for continuous improvement, ensuring the pathologist's involvement in evaluating computational results and closing the loop for clinical applicability. The journal is interested particularly in the clinical diagnostic application of computational pathology and invites submissions that address the issues raised in this editorial.
Creating intelligent cyberinfrastructure for democratizing AI
Authors: Panda Dhabaleswar K. , Chaudhary Vipin , Fosler‐Lussier Eric , Machiraju Raghu , Majumdar Amit , Plale Beth , Ramnath Rajiv , Sadayappan Ponnuswamy , Savardekar Neelima , Tomko Karen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has the potential for vast societal and economic gain; yet applications are developed in a largely ad hoc manner, lacking coherent, standardized, modular, and reusable infrastructures. The NSF‐funded Intelligent CyberInfrastructure with Computational Learning in the Environment AI Institute (“ICICLE”) aims to fundamentally advance edge‐to‐center, AI‐as‐a‐Service, achieved through intelligent cyberinfrastructure (CI) that spans the edge‐cloud‐HPC computing continuum, plug‐and‐play next‐generation AI and intelligent CI services, and a commitment to design for broad accessibility and widespread benefit. This design is foundational to the institute's commitment to democratizing AI. The institute's CI activities are informed by three high‐impact domains: animal ecology, digital agriculture, and smart foodsheds. The institute's workforce development and broadening participation in computing efforts reinforce the institute's commitment to democratizing AI. ICICLE seeks to serve as the national nexus for AI and intelligent CI, and welcomes engagement across its wide set of programs.
Supervisory adaptive control revisited: Linear‐like convolution bounds and tolerance of slow time‐variations
Authors: Lalumiere Craig J. , Miller Daniel E. 
Published: March 2024

SummarySupervisory control has been shown to be a very effective approach to adaptive control which ensures step‐tracking, exponential stability, and a degree of robustness to unmodeled dynamics. Here we apply the technique to the classical ‐step‐ahead adaptive control problem: we not only prove exponential stability and tracking of a general bounded reference signal, but also a never‐before‐seen linear‐like convolution bound on the effect of the noise/disturbance. This latter property is then leveraged to not only prove robustness to a degree of unmodeled dynamics, but also to a never‐before‐seen tolerance to a degree of nonlinearities and to slow (on average) plant parameter variations.
Tuning the FEC‐Related Electrolyte Solvation Structures in Ether Solvents Enables High‐Performance Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Zhang Yaru , Li Fan , Cao Yu , Yang Min , Han Xinpeng , Ji Yi , Chen Kuizhi , Liang Lixin , Sun Jie , Hou Guangjin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLithium metal is the most promising high‐energy‐density anode. However, it is incompatible with high‐voltage cathodes in ether solvents due to their narrow electrochemical window. Herein, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) co‐solvent is introduced to regulate the Li+ solvation structures in ether solvents, including cyclic ether (1,3‐dioxolane [DOL]) and linear glymes with different chain lengths (1,2‐dimethoxyethane [DME], diglyme [G2] and triglyme [G3]). The apparently different effects of ether solvents on solvation ability and interaction strength with FEC are revealed. FEC plays a diverse role and function in 1 m lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)‐ether/FEC electrolyte, thus relevant batteries perform distinct performances due to various ionic dynamics and solid‐electrolyte interphase. The Li+‐solvation structures are explored by Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Specifically, part of FEC molecules are inserted into the first solvation shell in 1 m LiTFSI‐DOL/FEC because of the weak solvation ability of DOL and strong interaction of DOL‐FEC, leading to few coordinated TFSI− and sluggish interfacial kinetics. In sharp contrast, FEC as a weak coordinated solvent almost exclusively occupies the second solvation sheath in 1 m LiTFSI‐glyme/FEC, favoring TFSI− coordination and rapid de‐solvation dynamics. Ultimately, the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/Li battery in G2/FEC presents the most excellent performance, derived from abundant free‐FEC and rapid ionic kinetics.