bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notes on Embedding Theorems for Local Hardy spaces
Authors: Mizuhara Takahiro 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this note we establish an embedding theorem (Theorem 2.4) for local Hardy spaces in the sense of GOLDBERG [G]. This result is a non‐homogeneous version of the theorem of BAERNSTEIN and SAWYER (Theorem BS). Also applying this theorem we establish embedding theorem and Fourier embedding theorem (Theorem 4.2, Theorem 4.3 and Corollary 4.4) for local Hardy spaces.
Hypersingular Integrals of Marchaud Type and the Inversion Problem for Potentials
Authors: Rubin Boris 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn 1927 A. MARCHAUD defined a fractional derivative of a function of one variable in the form of the integral containing the finite difference of this function. The purpose of the paper is to show that this idea can be generalized to become a foundation of the general method which enables to invert and to characterize a wide class of potential type operators with a semigroup property arising in analysis and in mathematical physics. This method leads to hypersingular integrals (HSI's), by means of which one can construct both explicit and stable approximate inverses to potentials. The paper contains the description and the justification of the method as well as its applications to various important one‐ and multidimensional potentials.
On the Metrizability of Fuzzy Neighborhood Spaces
Authors: Flüshöh Wolfgang 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA fuzzy neighborhood space is said to be pseudometrizable if, and only if, the associated fuzzy topology is induced by a probabilistic pseudometric under.By the aid of the concept of quasi‐inverse functions it will be shown that a fuzzy neighborhood space is pseudometrizable if, and only if, every associated level‐topology is pseudometrizable and a family of generating pseudometrics is monotone decreasing.
Application of Polymerization Kinetic Modeling in High‐Throughput Screening of Catalyst Systems for Productivity
Authors: Beigzadeh Daryoosh 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn high‐throughput research, it is essential to use “right data” and “meaningful parameters” to reach reliable conclusions. The complexity and the large amount of data obtained from each set of experiments make the analysis of reaction data a nontrivial task. The important role of reaction kinetic modeling in the analysis of polymerization reaction data is discussed, and it is shown that the application of traditional methods for the determination of catalyst productivity can be misleading. Reaction kinetic modeling provides meaningful parameters for data analysis, gives complete information about the polymerization kinetic profile, and makes it possible to evaluate assumptions and hypotheses.magnified image
Estimation of the Polymerization Rate of Liquid Propylene Using Adiabatic Reaction Calorimetry and Reaction Dilatometry
Authors: Ali Mohammad Al‐haj , Betlem Ben , Roffel Brian , Weickert Günter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe use of pressure‐drop and constant‐pressure dilatometry for obtaining rate data for liquid propylene polymerization in filled batch reactors was examined. The first method uses reaction temperature and pressure as well as the compressibility of the reactor contents to calculate the polymerization rate; in the second, the polymerization rate is calculated from the monomer feed rate to the reactor. Estimated polymerization rates compare well to those obtained using the well‐developed isoperibolic calorimetry technique, besides pressure‐drop dilatometry provides more kinetic information during the initial stages of the polymerization than the other methods.magnified image
Modelling Induced Tension in a Growing Catalyst/Polyolefin Particle: A Multi‐Scale Approach for Simplified Morphology Modelling
Authors: Di Martino Audrey , Weickert Günter , Sidoroff François , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA multi‐scale modelling approach is proposed as a means of eventually overcoming the limitations of the multigrain and polymer flow models of particle growth. It is demonstrated that there is a need to introduce some sort of macroheterogeneity into the evolution of the stress build‐up in the growing macroparticles in order to see a local rupture of the particle structure. Different simulations are proposed and qualitatively compared to previously published experimental results in order to validate the approach.magnified image
Accelerated Silane Water‐Crosslinking Kinetics of Ethylene–Propylene Copolymer by Boron Trifluoride Complexes
Authors: Adachi Kenta , Hirano Tomoyuki , Fukuda Katsuhito , Nakamae Katsuhiko 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe hydrolysis and overall water‐crosslinking kinetics of vinyltrimethoxysilane‐grafted ethylene–propylene copolymer (EPR‐g‐VTMS) containing boron trifluoride monoethylamine complex (BF3–MEA), boron trifluoride methanol complex (BF3–MeOH), or di‐n‐butyltin(II) dilaurate (DBTL) as a silane‐crosslinking catalyst was followed by ATR‐FT‐IR and measuring the gel fraction, respectively. Kinetics results by ATR‐FT‐IR technique showed that using BF3–MEA provided much lower activation energy for the hydrolysis reactions than that of DBTL; however, BF3–MeOH had little catalytic effect on both the hydrolysis and overall water‐crosslink reaction of EPR‐g‐VTMS. We propose that the actual catalytic effect of ethylamine molecule dissociated from BF3–MEA results in the displacement of SiOCH3 groups via an SN2‐Si mechanism.magnified image
The Kinetic Modeling of Strong Diffusion‐Limited Reaction with Cyclization for Three Isomers – Diallyl Ortho‐, Iso‐ and Tere‐Phthalate in a Bulk
Authors: Hace Iztok 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFree radical polymerization kinetic in a bulk for three diallyl phthalate isomers – diallyl orthophthalate, diallyl isophthalate and diallyl terephthalate was investigated in a temperature range from 50 to 70 °C initiated with dicyclohexan peroxydicarbonate as initiator at three different initiator concentrations. Conversion points were measured using Fourier Transform Raman measurements. A new kinetic model for polymerization of three diallyl phthalate isomers was developed. It demands the inclusion of only two new kinetic parameters kDegC and kpc which were obtained as a ratio kDegC/kpc from an additional set of experiments conducted. Computed conversions from the proposed kinetic model show good agreement with the conversion and molecular weight measured data for all three investigated diallyl phthalate isomers.magnified image
In‐Reactor Compounding Metallocenic Isotactic Poly(propylene)/Nucleation Agent Compositions by Employing the Nucleation Agent as a Catalyst Support
Authors: Yi Qing‐Feng , Wen Xiao‐Jing , Dong Jin‐Yong , Han Charles C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA nucleation agent, 1,3,2,4‐dimethylbenzylidene sorbitol (DMBS), was used as a support for C2‐symmetric metallocene rac‐Me2Si[2‐Me‐4‐Naph‐Ind]2ZrCl2. Propylene polymerization with the supported catalyst resulted in i‐PP polymers with granular morphology. The role of a catalyst support ensures a good dispersion of the nucleation agent in the formed i‐PP matrix. The employment of a nucleation agent as catalyst support provides a unique solution to in‐reactor compounding metallocenic i‐PP/nucleation agent compositions.magnified image
Long term partial bladder outlet obstruction induced contractile dysfunction in male rabbits: A role for Rho‐kinase
Authors: Guven Ahmet , Onal Bulent , Kalorin Carmin , Whitbeck Catherine , Chichester Paul , Kogan Barry , Levin Robert , Mannikarottu Anita 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAimsIn this study we examined the expression of Rho‐kinase (ROK) isoforms in rabbit detrusor smooth muscle during the progression of partial bladder outlet obstruction and correlated them with the time course of obstruction.MethodsDetrusor samples were obtained from bladders after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks of obstruction and also sham operated control rabbits. Contractile responses to field stimulation (FS) and also the smooth muscle (SM) to collagen ratio were determined in isolated bladder strips. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting were used to determine the relative levels of ROK isoform expression at the mRNA and protein levels.ResultsBladder weight increased gradually and contractile responses were reduced significantly over the course of obstruction. The smooth muscle/collagen ratio increased significantly during the course of obstruction. The expression of ROKα increased significantly to approximately the same extent in 1–4‐week obstructed groups and increased further in the 8‐week obstructed group, both at the mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in the expression of ROKβ in the obstructed groups, which gradually decrease during the course of 1–4‐week obstruction period and are slightly upregulated at the decompensated stage at 8‐week obstruction.ConclusionsThe change in the isoforms of ROK may be part of the molecular mechanism for bladder compensation following partial bladder outlet obstruction. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:1043–1049, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extended digital image correlation with crack shape optimization
Authors: Réthoré Julien , Hild François , Roux Stéphane 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe methodology of eXtended finite element method is applied to the measurement of displacements through digital image correlation. An algorithm, initially based on a finite element decomposition of displacement fields, is extended to benefit from discontinuity and singular enrichments over a suited subset of elements. This allows one to measure irregular displacements encountered, say, in cracked solids, as demonstrated both in artificial examples and experimental case studies. Moreover, an optimization strategy for the support of the discontinuity enables one to adjust the crack path configuration to reduce the residual mismatch, and hence to be tailored automatically to a wavy or irregular crack path. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micromechanics for fiber volume percent with a photocure vinyl ester composite
Authors: Petersen Richard C. , Lemons Jack E. , McCracken Michael S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMicromechanics for fiber volume percent (Vf) from 0.0Vf to 54.0 Vf were conducted using (3 mm long × 9 μm diameter) high‐purity quartz fibers in a visible‐light vinyl ester particulate‐filled photocure resin. MTS fully articulated four‐point bend fixtures were used with a 40 mm test span and 50 × 2 × 2 mm3 sample dimensions. Specimens were tested following the combined modified ASTM standards for advanced ceramics ASTM‐C‐1161–94 and polymers ASTM‐D‐6272–00 for modulus, flexural strength, and yield strength. Experimental data provided reliable statistical support for the dominant fiber contribution expressed through the rule‐of‐mixtures theory as a valid representation of micromechanical physics. The rule‐of‐mixtures micromechanics described by Vf could explain 92, 85, and 78% of the variability related to modulus, flexural strength, and yield strength respectively. Statistically significant improvements with fiber addition began at 10.3Vf for modulus, 5.4Vf for flexural strength, and 10.3Vf for yield strength, p < 0.05. In addition, correlation matrix analysis was performed for all mechanical test data. An increase in Vf correlated significantly with increases in modulus, flexural strength, and yield strength as measured by the four‐point bending test, p < 10−10. All mechanical properties in turn correlated highly significantly with one another, p < 10−9. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:294–310, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Fracture toughness micromechanics by energy methods with a photocure fiber‐reinforced composite
Authors: Petersen Richard C. , Lemons Jack E. , McCracken Michael S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA fracture toughness analysis for discontinuous fiber reinforcement was evaluated as a function of fiber volume percent (Vf) using advanced flexural bend tests. Fully articulated fixtures with 40‐mm spans were used to examine specimens (2 × 2 × 50 mm3) under conditions of Euler‐type bending to reduce shearing effects. Testing for fracture toughness in standardized international units (kJ/m2) using fundamental mechanics‐of‐materials energy methods by strain energy was then applied for assessment of resilience and work of fracture (WOF). Fracture toughness was also measured as strain energy release (SERIC) for the condition of unstable fracture between peak load and 5% maximum deflection past peak load. Energies were calculated by numerical integration using the trapezoidal rule from the area under the load–deflection curve. Fracture depths were normalized using sample dimensions from microscopy imaging for a combined correlation matrix analysis of all mechanical test data. Vf significantly correlated with resilience, WOF, and SERIC, but negatively correlated with degree of crack depth with p < 0.0000005. All measured interrelated properties also significantly correlated with one another (p < 0.000001). Significant fracture toughness differences between particulate‐filled and fiber‐reinforced composites began when adding fiber reinforcement at 10.3 Vf for resilience, 5.4 Vf for WOF, and 5.4 Vf for SERIC (p < 0.05). POLYM. COMPOS., 28:311–324, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Optimisation of an extraction procedure and chemical characterisation of Croatian propolis tinctures
Authors: Cvek J. , Medić‐Šarić M. , Jasprica I. , Zubčić S. , Vitali D. , Mornar A. , Vedrina‐Dragojević I. , Tomić S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThree spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative determination of different flavonoid groups and total phenolics in Croatian propolis samples were optimised and validated. The assay based on the formation of aluminium chloride complex (with galangin as a standard) was applied to the quantification of flavones and flavonols, while the 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine method (with pinocembrine as a reference) was used for the quantification of flavanones. Total phenolic content was measured by the Folin–Ciocalteau method using reference solution of caffeic acid:galangin:pinocembrine (1:1:1). Through analytical validation, the most suitable extraction conditions (with respect to time, temperature and concentration of extraction solvent) were determined, and final conditions for the extraction were established (80% ethanol, 1 h at the room temperature). The appropriate ratio between the mass of raw propolis and the extraction solvent volume was also established. By the application of the optimised method of extraction, 10 propolis tinctures were prepared and subjected to the analysis of general pharmacopoeial parameters, which are fundamental for the creation of quality specification (relative density, dry residue of extract, content of ethanol, methanol and 2‐propanol). Additionally, the content of waxes as the main inactive constituents was determined in order to observe the level of their migration from crude propolis to the prepared tinctures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The problem of interoperability: A common data format for quantum chemistry codes
Authors: Angeli C. , Bendazzoli G. L. , Borini S. , Cimiraglia R. , Emerson A. , Evangelisti S. , Maynau D. , Monari A. , Rossi E. , Sanchez‐Marin J. , Szalay P. G. , Tajti A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA common format for quantum chemistry (QC), enhancing code interoperability and communication between different programs, has been designed and implemented. An XML‐based format, QC‐ML, is presented for representing quantities such as geometry, basis set, and so on, while an HDF5‐based format is presented for the storage of large binary data files. Some preliminary applications that use the format have been implemented and are also described. This activity was carried out within the COST in Chemistry D23 project “MetaChem,” in the Working Group “A meta‐laboratory for code integration in ab initio methods.” © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Characterization of the chemical components on the surface of different solids with electrospray‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Huang Min‐Zong , Hsu Hsiu‐Jung , Wu Chen‐I , Lin Shu‐Yao , Ma Ya‐Lin , Cheng Tian‐Lu , Shiea Jentaie 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this study we demonstrate that electrospray‐assisted laser desorption ionization (ELDI) mass spectrometry (MS) can be used to rapidly characterize major chemical components on the surfaces of different solids under ambient conditions. The major chemical components in (a) dried milks with different fat contents, (b) different color‐regions of a painting, (c) the thin coating on a compact disc, (d) drug tablets, and (e) porcine brain tissue were rapidly characterized as protonated molecules [M+H]+ or sodiated molecules [M+Na]+ by ELDI‐MS with minimum sample pretreatment. The ionized ions of synthetic polymer and dye standards were detected directly from dried sample solutions using either positive or negative ion mode. Further structural information for the FD&C Red dye was obtained through tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis using an ion trap mass analyzer attached to the ELDI source. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transfer in context: replication and adaptation in knowledge transfer relationships
Authors: Williams Charles 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper explores the role of replication and adaptation in knowledge transfer relationships. I develop a model of knowledge transfer in which firms replicate because knowledge is ambiguous and adapt because knowledge depends on context. In the model, firms replicate more when knowledge is discrete and adapt more when they understand the interactions between different areas of knowledge. Replication and adaptation lead to successful knowledge transfer, which leads to improved performance of the receiving unit. The predictions are tested using a survey of cross‐border knowledge transfer relationships among firms in the telecommunications industry. The results are largely consistent with the model and point to potential areas for future research, such as the drivers of replication, the depreciation rate of knowledge, and the role of understanding in organizational knowledge. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of needle‐like polyanilines
Authors: Jung Woo‐Hyuk , Lee Young Moo , McCarthy Stephen P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNeedle‐like polyanilines were prepared in aqueous media by chemical oxidation. p‐Toluenesulfonic acid (pTSA) was used to protonate aniline (ANi) and readily made the anilinium complex. By slowly adding ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) at 15°C, polyanilines were prepared in the micelles and grew to be needle‐like aggregates potentially useful as conductive fillers for electromagnetic interference shielding and radar‐absorbing materials. The needle‐like aggregates of protonated polyaniline prepared at 15°C and 0.5 M aniline concentration with 3 h of APS addition time showed conductivity up to 3 S/cm and a maximum aspect ratio of 26 L/D. They were observed by scanning electron microscopy to peel off partially into fibrils after washing. The needle‐like polyaniline‐pTSA complexes prepared with 0.5 M aniline concentration showed good thermal stability up to 200°C. The high conductivity of the needle‐like aggregates was ascribed to their well‐developed crystalline structures, compared with those of spherical particles. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 13:76–86, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Unique atmospheric plasma surface pretreatment approach for improving adhesion
Authors: Wolf Rory A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThree‐dimensional parts and web‐processed products comprised of polyolefins, such as polypropylene, have low levels of polar functional groups on the surface and poor wettability and adhesion properties, thus making it difficult to apply other functional layers such as dyes, inks, adhesives, and coatings. To enhance surface polarity, surface treatments such as flame, corona, or plasma can be applied to improve wettability and adhesion. Plasma can be used specifically as a preparatory treatment for the photografting approach recommended in this paper in order to achieve high stability in treatment and permanent changes to the surface. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 13:87–90, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Crosslinking of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) with epoxysilane
Authors: Li Lanjun , Chen Xian , He Bobing 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCrosslinking is an effective way to improve the properties of poly(vinyl chloride). A crosslinking agent consisting of R‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH560) has been used for the first time in order to introduce crosslinking into rigid poly(vinyl chloride). Different thermal stabilizers (organotin, Ca/Zn stearate, and Ba/Zn stearate) as well as sodium bisulfite were tried in order to promote grafting of the epoxy group and enhance the degree of crosslinking. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that grafting and crosslinking of KH560 with poly(vinyl chloride) could take place, and that a gel content of 40% could be obtained when more than 10 phr of epoxysilane was used with a 2:1 (weight) ratio of BaSt2/ZnSt2 and a 1:1 molar ratio of NaHSO3/KH560, while premature crosslinking was avoided. The Vicat softening temperature of crosslinked PVC could be increased by about 10°C when 5 phr of epoxysilane was added, and thermal degradation could be delayed with increasing gel content. Therefore, epoxysilane‐crosslinked PVC has the potential for extensive applications. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 13:103–109, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Hot pin welding of thin poly(vinyl chloride) sheet
Authors: Van de Ven James D. , Erdman Arthur G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper develops a method of welding two thin sheets of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with a heated pin, thus allowing construction of a relationship between the weld temperature and weld strength. Constructing a relationship between weld strength and temperature is necessary for modeling many welding processes, including laser transmission welding. An experimental approach to establishing this relationship is required because of the complex melting behavior of PVC. The designed experimental device uses a single heated pin to weld samples by using varying pressure and temperature for one second dwell time. An electro‐mechanical loadframe pulled the welded samples until joint failure occurred, thereby allowing determination of the weld strength. An experiment varying welding pin temperature and joining pressure found the temperature to be a highly significant determiner of weld strength, while the pressure was found to be not significant. A transient numerical heat transfer model was used to calculate the weld interface temperature for each pin temperature. The relationship established in this paper can be used to predict the weld strength from the temperature output from models of alternative welding methods. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 13:110–115, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.