bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Luminescence Assay for Autoantibodies to Mammalian Cell–Prepared Insulinoma-Associated Protein 2
Authors: Burbelo Peter D. , Hirai Hiroki , Leahy Hannah , Lernmark Ake , Ivarsson Sten A. , Iadarola Michael J. , Louis Notkins Abner 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—Insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes, and IA-2 autoantibodies are routinely detected by a liquid-phase radioimmunoprecipitation assay. The present experiments were initiated to develop a new assay that does not require the use of radioisotopes or autoantigens prepared in bacteria or by in vitro transcription/translation.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—IA-2 luciferase fusion protein was expressed in mammalian cells and assayed for autoantibodies by liquid-phase luciferase immunoprecipitation.
RESULTS—Our study showed that there was no significant difference between the luciferase immunoprecipitation and the radioimmunoprecipitation assays in sensitivity and specificity, and comparison of the two assays revealed a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.805).
CONCLUSIONS—The luciferase system offers a robust, inexpensive, nonradioactive method for the detection of autoantibodies to mammalian cell–prepared IA-2 and could be of practical value at the clinical level.
Dietary Patterns and A1C in Japanese Men and Women
Authors: Nanri Akiko , Mizoue Tetsuya , Yoshida Daigo , Takahashi Ryota , Takayanagi Ryoichi 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—Dietary patterns in Western populations have been linked to type 2 diabetes, but the role of diet in Japanese remains unclear. We investigated the association between major dietary patterns and glucose tolerance status as measured by A1C in Japanese adults.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The groups of subjects were comprised of 3,243 men and 4,667 women who participated in the baseline survey of an ongoing cohort study on lifestyle-related diseases in Fukuoka, Japan. Dietary patterns were derived by using principal-component analysis of the consumption of 49 food items, ascertained by a food-frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate sex-specific odds ratios (ORs) of elevated A1C (≥5.5%), with adjustment for potential confounding variables.
RESULTS—The Westernized breakfast pattern characterized by frequent intake of bread but infrequent intake of rice was inversely related to A1C concentrations (Ptrend = 0.02 in both men and women); the multivariate-adjusted ORs for the highest versus lowest quintiles were 0.60 (95% CI 0.43–0.84) and 0.64 (0.46–0.90) for men and women, respectively. The seafood dietary pattern was positively associated with A1C concentrations in men only (Ptrend = 0.01). Neither the healthy nor high-fat dietary pattern was related to A1C.
CONCLUSIONS—A dietary pattern featuring frequent intake of white rice may deteriorate glucose metabolism in Japanese men and women, and the salty seafood dietary pattern may have a similar effect in men.
Increased Daily Walking Improves Lipid Oxidation Without Changes in Mitochondrial Function in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Trenell Michael I. , Hollingsworth Kieren G. , Lim Ee Lin , Taylor Roy 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—To determine whether increased daily physical activity improves mitochondrial function and/or lipid oxidation in type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Volunteers with (n = 10) and without (n = 10) type 2 diabetes were matched for habitual physical activity, age, sex, and weight. Basal and maximal mitochondrial activity, physical activity, and resting substrate oxidation were measured at baseline and after 2 and 8 weeks of increased physical activity.
RESULTS—Baseline physical activity (6,450 ± 851 vs. 7,638 ± 741 steps/day), basal ATP use (12 ± 1 vs. 12 ± 1 μmol · ml−1 · min−1), phosphocreatine recovery from exercise (31 ± 5 vs. 29 ± 3 s), and basal lipid oxidation (0.57 ± 0.07 vs. 0.65 ± 0.06 mg · kg body wt−1 · min−1) were similar in people with and without type 2 diabetes. There was a significant increase in physical activity after 8 weeks (12,322 ± 1,979 vs. 9,187 ± 1,159 steps/day, respectively). Following increased physical activity, there were no changes in basal ATP use or phosphocreatine recovery after exercise in either group. Basal lipid oxidation increased after 8 weeks of increased physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes (0.79 ± 0.08 mg · kg−1 · min−1) but not people without (0.68 ± 0.13 mg · kg body wt−1 · min−1).
CONCLUSIONS—Resting and maximal ATP turnover are not impaired in people with well-controlled type 2 diabetes compared with control subjects matched for physical activity as well as age and weight. Increased unsupervised daily physical activity is sustainable and improves lipid oxidation independent of change in mitochondrial activity in people with type 2 diabetes.
Optimizing Postprandial Glycemia in Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Using Insulin Pump Therapy
Authors: O'Connell Michele A. , Gilbertson Heather R. , Donath Susan M. , Cameron Fergus J. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—Postprandial glycemic excursions may contribute to the development of diabetes-related complications. Meals of high and low glycemic index (GI) have distinct effects on postprandial glycemia (PPG). Insulin pump therapy offers the potential to tailor insulin delivery to meal composition; however, optimal bolus types for meals of different glycemic loads have not been defined. We sought to compare the impact of GI combined with varying prandial bolus types on PPG.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—An open crossover study examining the effects of four different meal and bolus-type combinations on 3-h PPG (measured by continuous glucose-monitoring system [CGMS]) was conducted. A total of 20 young people aged 8–18 years with type 1 diabetes using insulin-pump therapy participated. Meals had equal macronutrient, energy, and fiber content and differed only in GI (low vs. high). Participants consumed meals of the same GI on consecutive days and were randomized to receive either a standard (100%) or a dual-wave (DW) (50:50% over 2 h) bolus each day. CGMS data from 10 healthy control participants established the target response to each meal.
RESULTS—A DW bolus before low-GI meals decreased PPG area under the curve (AUC) by up to 47% (P = 0.004) and lowered the risk of hypoglycemia for the same premeal glucose (P = 0.005) compared with standard bolus. High-GI meals resulted in significant upward PPG excursions with greater AUC (P = 0.45), regardless of bolus type.
CONCLUSIONS—These data support the use of a DW bolus with low GI meals to optimize PPG in patients with type 1 diabetes using insulin pump therapy.
Improving Treatment of Depression Among Latinos With Diabetes Using Project Dulce and IMPACT
Authors: Gilmer Todd P. , Walker Chris , Johnson Elizabeth D. , Philis-Tsimikas Athena , Unützer Jürgen 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—To assess the feasibility and cost of integrating diabetes and depression care management in three community clinics serving a low-income and predominately Spanish-speaking Latino population.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We screened diabetes patients for depression, and for those with depressive symptoms, we provided depression care management. We assessed changes in depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), diabetes self-care activities (nutrition, exercise, and medication adherence), and costs.
RESULTS—Thirty-three percent of patients with diabetes had symptoms of major depression. Among 99 patients completing the study, PHQ-9 scores declined by an average of 7.5 points from 14.8 to 7.3 (P &lt; 0.001). Clients averaged 6.7 visits with the care manager during the study period. Costs of depression care management were estimated to be $512 per participant.
CONCLUSIONS—Adding a depression care manager to an existing diabetes management team was effective at reducing depressive symptoms at a reasonable cost.
Influence of and Optimal Insulin Therapy for a Low–Glycemic Index Meal in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Receiving Intensive Insulin Therapy
Authors: Ryan Rochelle L. , King Bruce R. , Anderson Donald G. , Attia John R. , Collins Clare E. , Smart Carmel E. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of glycemic index on postprandial glucose excursion (PPGE) in children with type 1 diabetes receiving multiple daily injections and to determine optimal insulin therapy for a low–glycemic index meal.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Twenty subjects consumed test breakfasts with equal macronutrient contents on 4 consecutive days; high–and low–glycemic index meals (glycemic index 84 vs. 48) were consumed with preprandial ultra-short-acting insulin, and the low–glycemic index meal was also consumed with preprandial regular insulin and postprandial ultra-short-acting insulin. Each child's insulin dose was standardized. Continuous glucose monitoring was used.
RESULTS—The PPGE was significantly lower for the low–glycemic index meal compared with the high–glycemic index meal at 30–180 min (P &lt; 0.02) when preprandial ultra-short-acting insulin was administered. The maximum difference occurred at 60 min (4.2 mmol/l, P &lt; 0.0001). Regular insulin produced a 1.1 mmol/l higher PPGE at 30 min compared with ultra-short-acting insulin (P = 0.015) when the low–glycemic index meal was consumed. Postprandial ultra-short-acting insulin produced a higher PPGE at 30 and 60 min compared with preprandial administration when the low–glycemic index meal was consumed. The maximum difference was 2.5 mmol/l at 60 min (P &lt; 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS—Low–glycemic index meals produce a lower PPGE than high–glycemic index meals. Preprandial ultra-short-acting insulin is the optimal therapy for a low–glycemic index meal.
Risks of Nontraumatic Lower-Extremity Amputations in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jonasson Junmei Miao , Ye Weimin , Sparén Pär , Apelqvist Jan , Nyrén Olof , Brismar Kerstin 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to estimate the risks of nontraumatic lower-extremity amputations (LEAs) in patients with type 1 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We identified 31,354 patients with type 1 diabetes (15,001 women and 16,353 men) in the Swedish Inpatient Register between 1975 and 2004. The incidence of nontraumatic LEAs was followed up until 31 December 2004 by cross-linkage in the Inpatient Register and linkage to the Death and Migration registers. Poisson regression modeling was used to compare the risks of nontraumatic LEAs during different calendar periods of follow-up, with adjustment for both sex and attained age at follow-up. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) with the age-, sex-, and calendar period–matched general Swedish population as reference. The cumulative probability of nontraumatic LEAs was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method.
RESULTS—In total, 465 patients with type 1 diabetes underwent nontraumatic LEAs. The risk was lower during the most recent calendar period (2000–2004) than during the period before 2000 (RR 0.6 [95% CI 0.5–0.8]). However, even in this most recent period, the risk for nontraumatic LEAs among these relatively young patients was 86-fold higher than that in the matched general population (SIR 85.8 [72.9–100.3]). By age 65 years, the cumulative probability of having a nontraumatic LEA was 11.0% for women with type 1 diabetes and 20.7% for men with type 1 diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS—Although the risks appeared to have declined in recent years, patients with type 1 diabetes still have a very high risk for nontraumatic LEAs.
Sex-Specific Association of the Putative Fructose TransporterSLC2A9Variants With Uric Acid Levels Is Modified by BMI
Authors: Brandstätter Anita , Kiechl Stefan , Kollerits Barbara , Hunt Steven C. , Heid Iris M. , Coassin Stefan , Willeit Johann , Adams Ted D. , Illig Thomas , Hopkins Paul N. , Kronenberg Florian 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—High serum uric acid levels lead to gout and have been reported to be associated with an increased risk of hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Recently, the putative fructose transporter SLC2A9 was reported to influence uric acid levels. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of four single nucleotide polymorphisms within this gene with uric acid levels and to determine whether this association is modified by obesity.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Four single nucleotide polymorphisms within SLC2A9 (rs6855911, rs7442295, rs6449213, and rs12510549) were genotyped in the population-based prospective Bruneck Study (n = 800) and in a case-control study from Utah including 1,038 subjects recruited for severe obesity and 831 control subjects.RESULTS—We observed highly significant associations between all four polymorphisms and uric acid levels in all study groups. Each copy of the minor allele decreased age- and sex-adjusted uric acid levels by 0.30–0.35 mg/dl on average, which translates to a relative decrease of 5–6% with P values ranging from 10−9 to 10−11 in the combined analysis. An extended adjustment for BMI, creatinine, gout medication, and alcohol intake improved P values to a range of 10−14 to 10−20. The association was more pronounced in women and the population-based Bruneck Study and was significantly modified by BMI, with stronger effect sizes in individuals with high BMI.CONCLUSIONS—Genetic variants within SLC2A9 have significant effects on uric acid levels and are modified by sex and BMI.
Dose-Dependent Effect of Rosuvastatin on VLDL–Apolipoprotein C-III Kinetics in the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Ooi Esther M.M. , Watts Gerald F. , Chan Dick C. , Chen Meifania M. , Nestel Paul J. , Sviridov Dmitri , Barrett P. Hugh R. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—Dysregulated apolipoprotein (apo)C-III metabolism may account for hypertriglyceridemia and increased cardiovascular risk in the metabolic syndrome. This study investigated the dose-dependent effect of rosuvastatin on VLDL apoC-III transport in men with the metabolic syndrome.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Twelve men with the metabolic syndrome were studied in a randomized double-blind crossover trial of 5-week intervention periods with placebo, 10 mg rosuvastatin, or 40 mg rosuvastatin, with 2-week placebo washouts between each period. VLDL apoC-III kinetics were examined using a stable isotope method and compartmental modeling at the end of each intervention period.
RESULTS—Compared with placebo, there was a significant dose-dependent reduction with rosuvastatin in plasma triglyceride and VLDL apoC-III concentrations. Rosuvastatin significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased VLDL apoC-III fractional catabolic rate (FCR) and decreased its production rate, with a significant (P &lt; 0.05) dose-related effect. With 40 mg rosuvastatin, changes in VLDL apoC-III concentration were inversely associated with changes in VLDL apoC-III FCR and positively associated with VLDL apoC-III production rate (P &lt; 0.05). Changes in VLDL apoC-III concentration and production rate were positively correlated with changes in VLDL apoB concentration and production rate and inversely correlated with VLDL apoB FCR (P &lt; 0.05). Similar associations were observed with 10 mg rosuvastatin but were either less or not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS—In this study, rosuvastatin decreased the production and increased the catabolism of VLDL apoC-III, a mechanism that accounted for the significant reduction in VLDL apoC-III and triglyceride concentrations. This has implications for the management of cardiometabolic risk in obese subjects with the metabolic syndrome.
Insulin Sensitivity Measured With Euglycemic Clamp Is Independently Associated With Glomerular Filtration Rate in a Community-Based Cohort
Authors: Nerpin Elisabet , Risérus Ulf , Ingelsson Erik , Sundström Johan , Jobs Magnus , Larsson Anders , Basu Samar , Ärnlöv Johan 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—To investigate the association between insulin sensitivity and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the community, with prespecified subgroup analyses in normoglycemic individuals with normal GFR.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We investigated the cross-sectional association between insulin sensitivity (M/I, assessed using euglycemic clamp) and cystatin C–based GFR in a community-based cohort of elderly men (Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men [ULSAM], n = 1,070). We also investigated whether insulin sensitivity predicted the incidence of renal dysfunction at a follow-up examination after 7 years.
RESULTS—Insulin sensitivity was directly related to GFR (multivariable-adjusted regression coefficient for 1-unit higher M/I 1.19 [95% CI 0.69–1.68]; P &lt; 0.001) after adjusting for age, glucometabolic variables (fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and 2-h glucose after an oral glucose tolerance test), cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking), and lifestyle factors (BMI, physical activity, and consumption of tea, coffee, and alcohol). The positive multivariable-adjusted association between insulin sensitivity and GFR also remained statistically significant in participants with normal fasting plasma glucose, normal glucose tolerance, and normal GFR (n = 443; P &lt; 0.02). In longitudinal analyses, higher insulin sensitivity at baseline was associated with lower risk of impaired renal function (GFR &lt;50 ml/min per 1.73 m2) during follow-up independently of glucometabolic variables (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for 1-unit higher of M/I 0.58 [95% CI 0.40–0.84]; P &lt; 0.004).
CONCLUSIONS—Our data suggest that impaired insulin sensitivity may be involved in the development of renal dysfunction at an early stage, before the onset of diabetes or prediabetic glucose elevations. Further studies are needed in order to establish causality.
Preventing Left Ventricular Hypertrophy by ACE Inhibition in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ruggenenti Piero , Iliev Ilian , Costa Grazia Maria , Parvanova Aneliya , Perna Annalisa , Giuliano Giovanni Antonio , Motterlini Nicola , Ene-Iordache Bogdan , Remuzzi Giuseppe ,   the BENEDICT Study Group
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—In patients with type 2 diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) predicts cardiovascular events, and the prevention of LVH is cardioprotective. We sought to compare the effect of ACE versus non-ACE inhibitor therapy on incident electrocardiographic (ECG) evidence of LVH (ECG-LVH).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This prespecified study compared the incidence of ECG-LVH by Sokolow-Lyon and Cornell voltage criteria in 816 hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients of the Bergamo Nephrologic Diabetes Complications Trial (BENEDICT), who had no ECG-LVH at baseline and were randomly assigned to at least 3 years of blinded ACE inhibition with trandolapril (2 mg/day) or to non-ACE inhibitor therapy. Treatment was titrated to systolic/diastolic blood pressure &lt;130/80 mmHg. ECG readings were centralized and blinded to treatment.
RESULTS—Baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. Over a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 36 (24–48) months, 13 of the 423 patients (3.1%) receiving trandolapril compared with 31 of the 376 patients (8.2%) receiving non-ACE inhibitor therapy developed ECG-LVH (hazard ratio [HR] 0.34 [95% CI 0.18–0.65], P = 0.0012 unadjusted, and 0.35 [0.18–0.68], P = 0.0018 adjusted for predefined baseline covariates). The HR was significant even after adjustment for follow-up blood pressure and blood pressure reduction versus baseline. Compared with baseline, both Sokolow-Lyon and Cornell voltages significantly decreased with trandolapril but did not change with non-ACE inhibitor therapy.
CONCLUSIONS—ACE inhibition has a specific protective effect against the development of ECG-LVH that is additional to its blood pressure–lowering effect. Because ECG-LVH is a strong cardiovascular risk factor in people with hypertension and diabetes, early ACE inhibition may be cardioprotective in this population.
Subsequent Pregnancy After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kwak Soo Heon , Kim Hae Sung , Choi Sung Hee , Lim Soo , Cho Young Min , Park Kyong Soo , Jang Hak C. , Kim Moon Young , Cho Nam H. , Metzger Boyd E. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of recurrent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to find risk factors that can predict the recurrence of GDM in Korean women with previous GDM.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We evaluated women who had GDM in an index pregnancy (1993–2001) and a subsequent pregnancy by 2003. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed during the index pregnancy and 2 months postpartum. The recurrence rate of GDM was assessed among 111 women who had a subsequent pregnancy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of recurrent GDM.
RESULTS—The frequency of recurrent GDM in subsequent pregnancies was 45.0% (95% CI 35.6–54.4%). Women with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance 2 months postpartum were at increased risk for recurrent GDM (relative risk 2.31, 95% CI 1.24–4.30). Higher BMI before the subsequent pregnancy (P = 0.024), higher fasting glucose concentration (P = 0.007) 2 months postpartum, and lower 1-h insulin concentration (P = 0.004) of the diagnostic OGTT in the index pregnancy were independent risk factors for recurrence of GDM in subsequent pregnancies.
CONCLUSIONS—GDM recurred in nearly half of subsequent pregnancies in Korean women. Fasting glucose 2 months postpartum might be a clinically valuable predictor of recurrent GDM risk.
Association of 1,5-Anhydroglucitol and 2-h Postprandial Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Stettler Christoph , Stahl Matthias , Allemann Sabin , Diem Peter , Schmidlin Kurt , Zwahlen Marcel , Riesen Walter , Keller Ulrich , Christ Emanuel 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—To assess the association of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) with 2-h postprandial glucose values in type 2 diabetic patients followed over 12 months in an outpatient setting.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In 55 patients, we examined self-measured postprandial blood glucose values for correlations with 1,5-AG values over prespecified preceding time periods (3 days, 1 week, and weekly up to 12 weeks).
RESULTS—The correlation coefficients for postprandial glucose values were −0.34 (P &lt; 0.05) for 3 days, −0.38 (P &lt; 0.001) for 1 week, and −0.40 (P &lt; 0.001) for 2 weeks preceding the measurement of 1,5-AG. Correlations declined for time periods &gt;2 weeks before measurement of 1,5-AG. The correlation was lower with fasting/preprandial plasma glucose levels. There was no time dependency for the correlation between A1C and fasting or postprandial glucose.
CONCLUSIONS—1,5-AG best reflected the 2-h postprandial glucose values of the 2 previous weeks.