bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psoralen: a narrative review of current and future therapeutic uses
Authors: Galiatsatos Panagis , Maydan Daniella D. , Macalpine Elle , Schleupner Beatrice , Aitchison Alexandra Hunter , Lerner Andrew D. , Levy Benjamin , Halthore Aditya , Eward William 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPsoralen is a family of naturally occurring photoactive compounds found in plants that acquire potential cytotoxicity when activated by specific frequencies of electromagnetic waves. Psoralens penetrate the phospholipid cellular membranes and insert themselves between the pyrimidines of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Psoralens are initially biologically inert and acquire photoreactivity when exposed to certain classes of electromagnetic radiation, such as ultraviolet light. Once activated, psoralens form mono- and di-adducts with DNA, leading to marked cell apoptosis. This apoptotic effect is more pronounced in tumor cells due to their high rate of cell division. Moreover, photoactivated psoralen can inhibit tyrosine kinase signaling and influence the immunogenic properties of cells. Thus, the cytotoxicity of photoactivated psoralen holds promising clinical applications from its immunogenic properties to potential anti-cancer treatments. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding and research on psoralen and to explore its potential future pharmacotherapeutic benefits in specific diseases.
Diverse Pairs of Matchings
Authors: Fomin Fedor V. , Golovach Petr A. , Jaffke Lars , Philip Geevarghese , Sagunov Danil 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe initiate the study of theDiverse Pair of (Maximum/ Perfect) Matchingsproblems which given a graphGand an integerk, ask whetherGhas two (maximum/perfect) matchings whose symmetric difference is at leastk.Diverse Pair of Matchings(asking for two not necessarily maximum or perfect matchings) is$$\textsf{NP}$$NP-complete on general graphs ifkis part of the input, and we consider two restricted variants. First, we show that on bipartite graphs, the problem is polynomial-time solvable, and second we show thatDiverse Pair of Maximum Matchingsis$$\textsf{FPT}$$FPTparameterized byk. We round off the work by showing thatDiverse Pair of Matchingshas a kernel on$${\mathcal {O}}(k^2)$$O(k2)vertices.
Asymptotic behaviour of solutions to the anisotropic doubly critical equation
Authors: Esposito Francesco , Montoro Luigi , Sciunzi Berardino , Vuono Domenico 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to deal with the anisotropic doubly critical equation $$\begin{aligned} -\Delta _p^H u - \frac{\gamma }{[H^\circ (x)]^p} u^{p-1} = u^{p^*-1} \qquad \text {in } {\mathbb {R}}^N, \end{aligned}$$

-

Δ
p
H

u
-

γ

[

H
∘

(
x
)

]

p

u

p
-
1

=

u

p
∗

-
1

in

R

N

,

where H is in some cases called Finsler norm, $$H^\circ $$

H
∘

is the dual norm, $$1<p<N$$

1
<
p
<
N

, $$0 \le \gamma < \left( (N-p)/p\right) ^p$$

0
≤
γ
<

(
N
-
p
)
/
p

p

and $$p^*=Np/(N-p)$$

p
∗

=
N
p
/

(
N
-
p
)

. In particular, we provide a complete asymptotic analysis of $$u \in \mathcal {D}^{1,p}({\mathbb {R}}^N)$$

u
∈

D

1
,
p

(

R

N

)

near the origin and at infinity, showing that this solution has the same features of its euclidean counterpart. Some of the techniques used in the proofs are new even in the Euclidean framework.
Investigating the influence of neck muscle vibration on illusory self-motion in virtual reality
Authors: Kooijman Lars , Asadi Houshyar , Gonzalez Arango Camilo , Mohamed Shady , Nahavandi Saeid 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe illusory experience of self-motion known as vection, is a multisensory phenomenon relevant to self-motion processes. While some studies have shown that neck muscle vibrations can improve self-motion parameter estimation, the influence on vection remains unknown. Further, few studies measured cybersickness (CS), presence, and vection concurrently and have shown conflicting results. It was hypothesized that 1) neck vibrations would enhance vection and presence, and 2) CS to negatively relate to presence and vection, whereas presence and vection to positively relate to one another. Thirty-two participants were visually and audibly immersed in a virtual reality flight simulator and occasional neck muscle vibrations were presented. Vection onset and duration were reported through button presses. Turning angle estimations and ratings of vection quality, presence, and CS were obtained after completion of the flights. Results showed no influence of vibrations on turning angle estimation errors, but a medium positive effect of vibrations on vection quality was found. Presence and vection quality were positively related, and no strong association between CS and presence or vection was found. It is concluded that neck vibrations may enhance vection and presence, however, from the current study it is unclear whether this is due to proprioceptive or tactile stimulation.
Personal space invasion to prevent cyberbullying: design, development, and evaluation of an immersive prevention measure for children and adolescents
Authors: Wienrich Carolin , Horn Viktoria , Krauss Jana , Bürger Arne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe previous work on cyberbullying has shown that the number of victims is increasing, and the need for prevention is exceptionally high among younger school students (5th–9th grade). Due to the omnipresence of cyberattacks, victims can hardly distance themselves psychologically, thus experience an intrusion in almost all areas of life. The perpetrators, on the other hand, feel the consequences of their actions even less in cyberspace. However, there is a gap between the need and the existence of innovative prevention programs tied to the digital reality of the target group and the treatment of essential aspects of psychological distance. This article explores the design space, feasibility, and effectiveness of a unique VR-based cyberbullying prevention component in a human-centered iterative approach. The central idea is reflected in creating a virtual personal space invasion with virtual objects associated with cyberbullying making the everyday intrusion of victims tangible. A pre-study revealed that harmful speech texts in bright non-removable message boxes best transferred the psychological determinants associated with a personal space invasion to virtual objects contextualized in cyberbullying scenarios. Therefore, these objects were incorporated into a virtual prevention program that was then tested in a laboratory study with 41 participants. The results showed that the intervention could trigger cognitive dissonance and empathy. In the second step, the intervention was evaluated and improved in a focus group with the actual target group of children and adolescents. The improved application was then evaluated in a school workshop for 5 days with 100 children and adolescents. The children understood the metaphor of virtual space invasion by the harmful text boxes and reported the expected psychological effects. They also showed great interest in VR. In summary, this paper contributes to the innovative and effective prevention of cyberbullying by using the potential of VR. It provides empirical evidence from a laboratory experiment and a field study with a large sample from the target group of children and adolescents and discusses implications for future developments.
Non-deterministic method for semi-automatic calibration of smartphone-based OST HMDs
Authors: Covolan João Pedro Mucheroni , Oliveira Claiton , Sanches Silvio Ricardo Rodrigues , Sementille Antonio Carlos 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn Augmented Reality (AR) system must show real and virtual elements as if they coexisted in the same environment. The tridimensional aligment (registration) is particularly challenging on specific hardware configurations such as Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) that use Optical See-Through (OST) technology. In general, the calibration of HMDs uses deterministic optimization methods. However, non-deterministic methods have been proposed in the literature with promising results in distinct research areas. In this work, we developed a non-deterministic optimization method for the semi-automatic calibration of smartphone-based OST HMDs. We tested simulated annealing, evolutionary strategy, and particle swarm algorithms. We also developed a system for calibration and evaluated it through an application that aligned a virtual object in an AR environment. We evaluated our method using the Mean Squared Error (MSE) at each calibration step, considering the difference between the ideal/observed positions of a set of reference points and those estimated from the values determined for the calibration parameters. Our results show an accurate OST HMD calibration for the peripersonal space, with similar MSEs for the three tested algorithms.
Modelling operator control work across traffic management domains: implications for interaction design
Authors: Lundberg Jonas , Nylin Magnus , Praetorius Gesa , Jansson Anders A. , Bång Magnus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTraffic management in aviation, shipping, and rail transport shows similarities and dissimilarities in the work process. For example, they share the temporal aspect, but different levels of urgency in the control work set different requirements on monitoring, decisions, and actions. However, few studies have been presented that model and compare the different domains in terms of temporal decision-making. The Joint Control Framework (JCF) is an approach to analyse and temporally model operators’ control processes from a cognitive systems engineering perspective. In this study, we have used JCF to map, and compare, cognitive joints, such as perceptions, decisions, and actions, in temporally challenging control situations in air traffic control, maritime vessel traffic service, and train traffic management. Data was collected collaboratively with traffic operators, focusing on (1) identifying challenging traffic situations and (2) jointly modelling the temporal decision-making patterns of these situations using simplified JCF. Post-analysis was done by breaking down the results into different processes and comparing domains to ascertain how operators maintain control. An intermediate level of activity—between general monitoring and work with specific vehicles—was identified: processes-in-focus. A shared problem arises in the shift between general monitoring and the processes-in-focus. All processes-in-focus comprise cognitive joint cycles of perceptions, decisions, and actions. However, depending on the framing of processes-in-focus, the patterns of joints, such as temporal extension and complexity, differ. In the remainder of the article, implications for the interaction design, in particular the potential for human–AI/automation teaming with higher levels of automation and cognitive autonomy, are discussed.
Biofilm-producing and carbapenems-resistant Escherichia coli nosocomial uropathogens: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abo-alella Doaa , Abdelmoniem Wessam , Tantawy Enas , Asaad Ahmed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This cross-sectional study aims to determine the incidence and potential risk factors associated with biofilm-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) nosocomial strains from a tertiary care hospital and to examine the prospective correlation between biofilm generation and antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genotypes.

Methods
A total of 130 UPEC nosocomial isolates were identified, their biofilm formation was quantified using a modified microtiter plate assay, and their antibiotic susceptibilities were assessed utilizing the disc diffusion method. Isolates were then subjected to PCR assays targeting blaKPC, blaVIM, blaIMP, and blaOXA48 genes.

Results
Over half of the isolates (n = 76, 58.5%) were biofilm producers. Among 17 carbapenem-resistant isolates, 6 (42.9%) isolates harbored the blaOXA48 gene, and only 1 (9.1%) isolate was positive for the blaVIM gene. Prior antibiotic therapy (aOR 15.782, p 0.000) and diabetes mellitus DM (aOR 11.222, p 0.016) were the significant risk factors associated with biofilm production, as determined by logistic regression analysis of the data. In addition, gentamicin resistance was the only statistically significant antibiotic resistance pattern associated with biofilm production (aOR 9.113, p 0.02).

Conclusions
The findings of this study emphasize the significance of implementing proper infection control measures to avoid the horizontal spread of biofilm formation and associated antimicrobial resistance patterns among UPEC nosocomial strains.
Descent of tautological sheaves from Hilbert schemes to Enriques manifolds
Authors: Reede Fabian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLet X be a K3 surface which doubly covers an Enriques surface S. If $$n\in {\mathbb {N}}$$

n
∈
N

is an odd number, then the Hilbert scheme of n-points $$X^{[n]}$$

X

[
n
]

admits a natural quotient $$S_{[n]}$$

S

[
n
]

. This quotient is an Enriques manifold in the sense of Oguiso and Schröer. In this paper we construct slope stable sheaves on $$S_{[n]}$$

S

[
n
]

and study some of their properties.
A quadriphasic mechanical model of the human dermis
Authors: Sachs David , Jakob Raphael , Restivo Gaetana , Hafner Jürg , Lindenblatt Nicole , Ehret Alexander E. , Mazza Edoardo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present study investigates the multiphasic nature of the mechanical behavior of human dermis. Motivated by experimental observations and by consideration of its composition, a quadriphasic model of the dermis is proposed, distinguishing solid matrix components, interstitial fluid and charged constituents moving within the fluid, i.e., anions and cations. Compression and tensile experiments with and without change of osmolarity of the bath are performed to characterize the chemo-mechanical coupling in the dermis. Model parameters are determined through inverse analysis. The computations predict a dominant role of the permeability in the determination of the temporal evolution of the mechanical response of the tissue. In line with the previous studies on other tissues, the analysis shows that an ideal model based on Donnan’s equilibrium overestimates the osmotic pressure in skin for the case of very dilute solutions. The quadriphasic model is applied to predict changes in dermal cell environment and therefore alterations in what is called the “mechanome,” associated with skin stretch. The simulations indicate that skin deformation causes a variation in several local variables, including in particular the electric field associated with a deformation-induced non-homogeneous distribution of fixed charges.
Non-tumor-related prognostic factors for immunotherapy–chemotherapy or immunotherapy alone as first-line in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Guo Ziwei , Wei Xing , Tang Chuanhao , Liang Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBesides programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, rapid, cost-effective and validated scores or models are critical for the prognosis and prediction of patients received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In this retrospective study, 182 patients with NSCLC receiving ICIs from 2015 to 2022 were divided 1:1 into a training cohort and a validation cohort. We identified a score established by three factors and analyzed the prognostic implications by Kaplan–Meier approach (Log rank test) and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. A non-tumor-related score (NTRS) was established that could be used as a prognostic factor (HR 2.260, 95% CI 1.559–3.276, P < 0.001 in training cohort; HR 2.114, 95% CI 1.493–2.994, P < 0.001 in validation cohort) and had a high time-dependent ROC for overall survival (OS) (AUC 0.670–0.782 in training cohort; AUC 0.682–0.841 in validation cohort). PD-L1 (1–49%) and NTRS (score = 0, 1, 2, 3) combination significantly improved the assessment of patients’ OS and progress-free survival (PFS), which was statistically different in training cohorts (P < 0.001 for OS, 0.012 for PFS) and validation cohorts (P = 0.01 for OS, < 0.001 for PFS). The NTRS provided a better assessment of durable clinical benefit (DCB) compared to PD-L1 expression (P = 0.009 vs. 0.232 in training cohort; P = 0.004 vs. 0.434 in validation cohort). NTRS may help improve prognosis stratification of patients receiving ICIs in first-line NSCLC and may be combined with tumor-related parameters.
The HIV Empowering Adults’ Decisions to Share: UK/Uganda (HEADS-UP) Study—A Randomised Feasibility Trial of an HIV Disclosure Intervention for Young Adults with Perinatally Acquired HIV
Authors: Evangeli Michael , Gnan Georgina , Musiime Victor , Fidler Sarah , Seeley Janet , Frize Graham , Uwizera Annette , Lisi Matteo , Foster Caroline 
Published: March 2024

AbstractYoung adults with perinatally acquired HIV (PAH) face numerous challenges, including antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, managing onward HIV transmission risks and maintaining wellbeing. Sharing one’s HIV status with others (onward HIV disclosure) may assist with these challenges but this is difficult. We developed and tested the feasibility of an intervention to help HIV status sharing decision-making for young adults with PAH. The study used a randomised parallel group feasibility design with 18–25-year-olds in Uganda and 18–29 year-olds in the UK. Participants were randomly assigned to intervention or standard of care (SOC) condition. The intervention consisted of four sessions (3 group, 1 individual) with follow-up support, delivered in person in Uganda and remotely in the UK. Assessments were carried out at: Pre-intervention /baseline; Post-intervention (intervention group only); Six-month follow-up. 142 participants were recruited (94 Uganda, 48 UK; 89 female, 53 male). At six-month follow-up, 92/94 (98%) participants were retained in Uganda, 25/48 (52%) in the UK. Multivariate analysis of combined data from both countries, showed a non-significant effect of intervention condition on HIV disclosure cognitions and affect (p = 0.08) and HIV disclosure intention (p = 0.09). There was a significant intervention effect on well-being (p = 0.005). This study addressed important gaps in understanding acceptable and feasible ways of delivering HIV status sharing support for young people living with PAH across two very different settings. The intervention was acceptable in both countries and feasible in Uganda. In the UK, retention may have been affected by its remote delivery.Trial registration: ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN31852047, Registered on 21 January 2019.
Structural changes in contagion channels: the impact of COVID-19 on the Italian electricity market
Authors: Ahelegbey Daniel Felix , Casarin Roberto , Fianu Emmanuel Senyo , Grossi Luigi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Operating on electricity markets requires accurately identifying, quantifying, and measuring risk coupled with their corresponding return: this appears as a crucial point, particularly during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the present paper is twofold. First, we propose a novel econometric approach to identifying relevant market factors that capture several elements of the risk transmission mechanism inherent in energy systems. The proposed model extends Bayesian graphical models with change points to a multiple-layer set-up. Multilayer graphs encompass the two relevant channels of shock transmission: volatility and price contagion effects. The choice of these two layers seems natural because electricity prices and their spiky nature, coupled with inherent volatility, constitute essential influential elements for market players to maximize their profits. The change-point specification allows for detecting relevant changes in the electricity market. Second, we apply the proposed econometric framework to the Italian zonal markets analyzing the effects of returns and volatility contagion in several periods detected by the model. The last time intervals identified by the change-point methodology overlap the COVID-19 pandemic period. The model captures relevant abrupt changes in prices and volatility in the zonal electricity market and provides new evidence of interconnections in the zones of the Italian market related to the risk alone, price process alone, and risk versus price process relationship and their interactions.
Learning evolving relations for multivariate time series forecasting
Authors: Nguyen-Thai Binh , Le Vuong , Tieu Ngoc-Dung T. , Tran Truyen , Venkatesh Svetha , Ramzan Naeem 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMultivariate time series forecasting is essential in various fields, including healthcare and traffic management, but it is a challenging task due to the strong dynamics in both intra-channel relations (temporal patterns within individual variables) and inter-channel relations (the relationships between variables), which can evolve over time with abrupt changes. This paper proposes ERAN (Evolving Relational Attention Network), a framework for multivariate time series forecasting, that is capable to capture such dynamics of these relations. On the one hand, ERAN represents inter-channel relations with a graph which evolves over time, modeled using a recurrent neural network. On the other hand, ERAN represents the intra-channel relations using a temporal attentional convolution, which captures the local temporal dependencies adaptively with the input data. The elvoving graph structure and the temporal attentional convolution are intergrated in a unified model to capture both types of relations. The model is experimented on a large number of real-life datasets including traffic flows, energy consumption, and COVID-19 transmission data. The experimental results show a significant improvement over the state-of-the-art methods in multivariate time series forecasting particularly for non-stationary data.
A comparative user study of human predictions in algorithm-supported recidivism risk assessment
Authors: Portela Manuel , Castillo Carlos , Tolan Songül , Karimi-Haghighi Marzieh , Pueyo Antonio Andres 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the effects of using an algorithm-based risk assessment instrument (RAI) to support the prediction of risk of violent recidivism upon release. The instrument we used is a machine learning version of RiskCanvi used by the Justice Department of Catalonia, Spain. It was hypothesized that people can improve their performance on defining the risk of recidivism when assisted with a RAI. Also, that professionals can perform better than non-experts on the domain. Participants had to predict whether a person who has been released from prison will commit a new crime leading to re-incarceration, within the next two years. This user study is done with (1) general participants from diverse backgrounds recruited through a crowdsourcing platform, (2) targeted participants who are students and practitioners of data science, criminology, or social work and professionals who work with RisCanvi. We also run focus groups with participants of the targeted study, including people who use RisCanvi in a professional capacity, to interpret the quantitative results. Among other findings, we observe that algorithmic support systematically leads to more accurate predictions from all participants, but that statistically significant gains are only seen in the performance of targeted participants with respect to that of crowdsourced participants. Among other comments, professional participants indicate that they would not foresee using a fully-automated system in criminal risk assessment, but do consider it valuable for training, standardization, and to fine-tune or double-check their predictions on particularly difficult cases. We found that the revised prediction by using a RAI increases the performance of all groups, while professionals show a better performance in general. And, a RAI can be considered for extending professional capacities and skills along their careers.