bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capillary tube leukocyte adherence inhibition: An assay for cell‐mediated immunity in cancer patients
Authors: Urist Marshall M. , Boddie Arthur W. , Holmes E. Carmack , Morton Donald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay has been modified and automated in order to facilitate its clinical application. This new assay‐the capillary tube LAI test‐correlated with delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity using streptokinase‐streptodornase antigen in 83% of the cases. When tested with a 3 m KCI lung carcinoma antigen, lung carcinoma patients' leukocytes were more frequently inhibited (55%) than those of controls (normals 6%, other tumors 20%).
The influence of vitamin a on the susceptibility of the rat lung to 3‐methylcholanthrene
Authors: Nettesheim P. , Williams M. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe susceptibility of rats to pulmonary carcinogens is increased in the absence of vitamin A intake even when considerable amounts (0.4 nmole/mg) of vitamin A are stored in the liver and deficiency symptoms are absent. This was demonstrated in studies on the induction of metaplastic lung nodules by intratracheally administered 3‐methylcholanthrene. Only moderate amounts of all‐trans‐retinyl acetate in the diet (7.6 nmole/g of diet) were required to prevent the development of this state of enhanced susceptibility. A further increase in intake of retinoids (by intragastric administration of either all‐trans‐retinyl acetate or 13‐cis‐retinoic acid) provided no additional protection against the effects of carcinogen.
Alteration of the cell membrane architecture during suspension and monolayer culturing
Authors: Springer E. Louise , Hackett Adeline J. , Nelson‐Rees Walter A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing suspension‐growth‐adapted HeLa (S3) cells, we followed the alterations in cell morphology during attachment and spreading on a glass surface in vitro by scanning electron microscopy. Suspension cultivation obviated the need for trypsinization or EDTA treatment of the cells before seeding, thus the cell surface was not chemically altered. The suspension‐grown cells were spherical and covered with microvilli. Three hours after seeding into stationary culture, attached cells had surface blebs and large processes, but no microvilli. During the following 9 h, the surface topography altered stepwise producing a complex lamelloplasm. The paper discusses how these membrane events are related to the cell cycle and metastasis.
Differential induction of Epstein‐barr virus‐related antigens in human lymphoblastoid cells by virus‐mediated cell‐to‐cell contact
Authors: Matsuo T. , Yamamoto K. , Osato T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDifferential induction of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐related antigens was observed after Sendai virusmediated fusion of producer and non‐producer cells with various human and mouse cells. The EBV‐determined early nuclear antigen (ENA), early antigen (EA) and viral capsid antigen (VCA) could be induced at a high rate in producer cells (P3HR‐1 and B95–8), normally expressing these antigens at very low frequency, as early as 12–24 h after fusion with each other or with human amnion FL cells. In contrast, only one antigen, ENA, was induced in producer cells following fusion with non‐producer cells. This limited induction occurred also in non‐producer cells fused with FL cells, but not after fusion with each other. EBV induction did not result from fusion of either producer or non‐producer cells with mouse cells (L‐M (TK‐) Cl1D and MCB‐6). The differential induction was not the result of heterokaryon formation as determined by autoradiography. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Relapse in Burkitt's lymphoma
Authors: Nkrumah F. K. , Perkins I. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOf 109 patients with histologically confirmed Burkitt's lymphoma who completed a course of chemotherapy, 86 (79%) achieved complete remission. Forty‐five (52%) of patients with initial complete remission relapsed with tumour over an observation period ranging from 2 years to over 5 years. Relapse was more common in patients who initially presented with abdominal or central nervous system (CNS) involvement than in patients who presented with localized facial tumours (p<0.01). Anatomical distribution of tumour on relapse differed from that at presentation. Facial bones were much less frequently involved on relapse; on the other hand, the CNS, cranial nerves, orbits and skin were frequent sites of disease on relapse. CNS involvement occurred in 42% (19/45) of patients at the first relapse and in 73% (11/15) of patients with multiple relapses. Prognosis in these patients was poor. Two relapse types were clinically identifiable. Early relapse (remission duration<12 weeks) was associated with frequent involvement of the CNS, drug resistance and a generally unfavourable outcome. Patients with late relapse (remission duration >12 weeks) responded much better to secondary treatment. Possible pathogenic mechanisms underlying these two relapse types are discussed.
Effect of age at inoculation of asbestos on occurrence of mesotheliomas in rats
Authors: Berry G. , Wagner J. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn experiment in which rats were injected intrapleurally with asbestos, the injection taking place at an age of either 2 or 10 months, is reported. In the former group 19 out of 48 rats developed a mesothelioma compared with 17 out of 90 in the latter group. However, by considering the two groups at equal times after injection, eliminating the effects of natural mortality and also taking into account that not all of the mesotheliomas were the cause of death, it was shown that the incidence rate of mesotheliomas was significantly higher (p<0.01) in the rats injected at age 10 months and the relative rate was estimated as about 4, with 95% confidence limits of 1.5 and 12. An alternative explanation that the mesotheliomas occurred in the two groups at similar rates, except that in the group injected at age 10 months they occurred on average 4 months sooner after injection, is discussed. Two other groups were also injected, one at age 17 months and the other at 22 months. In the former group two early mesotheliomas were observed, 10 and 74 days after injection, but the next was not observed until over a year later. No explanation of this finding could be suggested other than the possibility that these two tumours were not associated with the asbestos treatment.
RNA associated with non‐histone chromosomal proteins in rat liver and in ascites hepatoma
Authors: Patel Nutan T. , Holoubek Viktor 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the experiments was to determine if changes in the post‐transcriptional processing of RNA in the hepatoma also affect the low molecular weight nuclear RNA which is transcribed from families of related genes and associated with non‐histone chromosomal proteins. Separation of non‐histone chromosomal proteins on Sephadex G‐200 into three fractions separated the low molecular weight RNA associated with these proteins into metabolically stable RNA firmly bound to the first eluted fractions of high molecular weight non‐histone chromosomal proteins, and into a metabolically active RNA which is eluted with the third protein fraction and can be separated from the low molecular weight non‐histone chromosomal proteins by chromatography on DEAE‐Sephadex A 25 (fraction III RNA). In liver as well as in hepatoma, this fraction III RNA represents about 50% of the RNA associated with the non‐histone chromosomal proteins. Fraction III RNA from both tissues has an approximate molecular weight of 13,000, is rich in guanylic acid, is lacking dihydropyrimidines and is copied from the repetitive sequences of DNA. The content of uridylic acid is much higher in fraction III RNA isolated from hepatoma than in the same RNA isolated from liver, and competitive hybridization has shown that hepatoma fraction III RNA contains not only new base sequences which are not present in liver fraction III RNA, but also lacks some sequences which are present in the liver RNA. The technique of RNA/DNA hybridization in the presence of competing RNA has shown that, in hepatoma, the cytoplasmic RNA competes with more than 60% of the fraction III RNA for the hybridization sites on repetitive DNA. No competition was found when liver cytoplasmic RNA was used. The low ratio of competing hepatoma cytoplasmic RNA or of liver or hepatoma nuclear RNA which is required to displace fraction III RNA from its hybridization with DNA indicates that this RNA is synthesized and in hepatoma is also released into the cytoplasm as a part of larger RNA molecules. The detection of the nucleotide sequences found in liver associated with non‐histone chromosomal proteins in the cytoplasm of hepatoma cells is evidence for extensive disruption of the post‐transcriptional control in hepatoma.
Study of the mechanism of Corynebacterium Parvum anti‐tumour activity. I. Protective effect on the growth of two syngeneic tumours
Authors: Mazurek Cypka , Chalvet Huguette , Stiffel Claude , Biozzi Guido 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe protective effect of C. parvum against two different tumours—a lymphosarcoma and a mammary carcinoma—has been demonstrated. In the case of lymphosarcoma, a significant protective effect was obtained when both C. parvum and tumour cells were injected IV. In contrast in C3H mice the best protection was obtained when both C. parvum and mammary carcinoma cells were injected IP. Thus both C. parvum and tumour cells must be inoculated by the same route which, however, varies for different tumours. A very small dose of C. parvum still inhibitied the growth of the two tumours. Splenectomy performed before C. parvum treatment did not interfere with the antitumour activity of C. parvum on the tumours. However, when splenectomy was performed after C. parvum injection, the protective effect of C. parvum still persisted against XVII lymphosarcoma but not against C3H carcinoma.
Tumorigenicity of Epstein‐barr virus (EBV)‐transformed lymphoid line cells in autologous squirrel monkeys
Authors: Leibold Wolfgang , Flanagan Tom D. , Andersson Maria , Dalens Maurice , Klein George , Huldt Gunnel , Wright Dennis H. , Voller Alister 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEight squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) challenged with EBV or EBV‐transformed SLCL were naturally or experimentally infected with Plasmodium knowlesi or Pl. brasilianum. Most of the animals had been splenectomized and unilaterally nephrectomized. Three of these monkeys received one dose of 6 to 12 × 108 autologous SLCL. These lines were derived from saimiri lymphoid cells permanently transformed by B‐EBV in vitro. All three animals developed multiple undifferentiated malignant lymphomas and died 8 to 10 days post inoculation. Necropsy tumor specimens were EBNA‐positive and contained 7 to 21 EBV genome equivalents per cell. EBNA‐ and EA‐positive SLCL were established in vitro from four tumor explants of two monkeys. These results demonstrate that in vitro EBV‐transformed SLCL are able to cause tumor formation in autologous squirrel monkeys. Five monkeys received high transforming doses of B‐EBV or S‐EBV, derived from one of the tumorigenic SLCL. None of the animals developed any sign of tumor formation during an observation period of up to 130 days. Three of these monkeys showed no detectable EBV‐related seroconversion while the sera of two monkeys had become anti‐EBNA‐positive when tested at days 28 and 130 respectively post inoculation. Two additional monkeys received neither EBV nor SLCL. They showed no clinical evidence of tumor development or spontaneous seroconversion over a period of more than 1 year.
Tumour angiogenesis factor (TAF) in human and animal tumours
Authors: Phillips Paul , Steward James K. , Kumar Shant 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExtracts were made from Walker 256 carcinoma, spontaneous rat mammary adenocarcinoma, Wilms' tumour, human neuroblastoma and human haemangioma. Chromatography of the extracts on Sephadex G‐100 yielded four fractions, A, B, C and D. Injection of fractions B and C resulted in the growth of new capillaries in the subcutaneous fascia of rats. Controls, e.g. similar extracts of rat liver or human kidney, did not induce neovascularisation. The endothelium of newly‐formed blood vessels contained many mitotic figures. A limitation of this method is that it is qualitative only. In order to develop a quantitative in vitro assay for a tumour angiogenesis factor (TAF), short‐term primary cultures were initiated from adult rat brain white matter, as cells from such cultures were shown to be vascular in origin. Addition of fractions containing TAF (B and C) which were active in vivo failed to stimulate thymidine uptake by the cells. The possible reasons for this failure and the therapeutic potential of TAF in cancer control are discussed.
Ability of delayed‐type hypersensitivity reactions to distinguish tumor‐associated antigens and histocompatibility antigens in soluble extracts from murine fibrosarcomas
Authors: Kon Neal D. , Forbes James T. , Klein Paul A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe footpad swelling (FPS) test for delayed‐type hypersensitivity in the mouse was evaluated for its ability to measure both tumor‐associated antigens (TAA) and histocompatibility (H) antigens solubilized from methylcholanthrene (MCA) induced fibrosarcomas of C57Bl/6 (B6) mice. Tests for TAA were performed in mice immune to syngeneic tumors while H‐antigens were assayed in mice immunized with skin allografts. FPS was most intense in B6 mice challenged with TAA from the immunizing B6 tumor, but also occurred in response to cross‐reactive TAA solubilized from another B6 fibrosarcoma. Tests for tumor‐associated H‐antigens in allograft immune mice were strongly positive in response to donor/recipient H‐antigen differences and proved sensitive to shared third‐party H‐antigen differences. Comparison of soluble antigens from the same tumor maintained in vitro and in vivo revealed that, while both TAA and H‐antigens could be detected in preparations from the in vivo tumor line, only TAA and not H‐antigens could be detected by FPS in extracts prepared from the in vitro tumor line. These experiments have demonstrated that the mouse FPS test can distinguish both TAA and H‐antigen specificities present in the same complex mixture of tumor‐cell antigens.
Interaction of antibody and cell surface localized antigen
Authors: Yefenof E. , Witz I. P. , Klein E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe changes occurring in the expression of a membrane‐associated antigen following binding of specific antibodies and the fate of the bound antibodies were investigated. Daudi cells, carrying membrane 7S IgM molecules, were coated with radio‐labelled anti‐IgM antibodies and incubated under culture conditions at 37°C. Within 10 h, more than 80% of the cell‐bound radioactivity was shed from the cells into the culture medium. Concomitantly, IgM molecules were lost, as the cells had a diminished ability to bind a new aliquot of antibody. This phenomenon occurred also when the antibody was used at a low concentration, i.e. did not saturate the cell‐surface antigens. The precipitability of the antibody released from the cells with 10% TCA and 40% saturated ammonium sulphate was lower than that of native antibody, indicating some degradation. Also, shed antibody could rebind to fresh Daudi cells less efficiently than native antibody. The presence of immune complexes in the culture supernatants was indicated by the following results: (1) some of the shed radioactivity could bind to IgM‐negative but Fc receptor‐bearing cells; and (2) immune precipitates of sheep anti‐IgM shed from 3H‐leucine labelled Daudi cells and of rabbit anti‐sheep IgG antibodies contained 3H activity.
Detection of Epstein‐Barr virus DNA in American Burkitt's lymphoma
Authors: Ziegler John L. , Andersson Maria , Klein George , Henle Werner 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty American patients with Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) were studied serologically and biochemically to detect an association with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). A wide range of antibody reactivities was encountered. Five patients had serorogical profiles similar to those of African patients with BL: one and possibly two of these patients harbored EBV‐DNA in their tumors. Fifteen patients had low or absent antibody to EBV: tumors from 10 of these patients lacked evidence of EBV‐DNA. An unexplained association between elevated antibody (≥1:80) to EBV virus capsid antigen (VCA) and a favorable prognosis was noted in this series; this prognostic observation requires further substantiation. Thus, it appears that EBV‐associated BL is inversely proportional to tumor endemicity. An etiological role for EBV in BL remains speculative.
Somatic cell hybrids between human lymphoma lines. II. Spontaneous and induced patterns of the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) cycle
Authors: Klein George , Westman Anita , Clements Geoffrey , Zeuthen Jesper 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe regulation of spontaneous, IUDR‐induced and P3HR‐1 virus‐induced EA and VCA production patterns was studied in two new somatic hybrids between human lymphoma lines. The hybrid 8A was derived from the crossing of the non‐producer Raji with the spontaneous producer Daudi line. The second hybrid, 83, was produced by the fusion of Raji with the EBV‐genome‐negative B‐lymphoma line, BJAB. The studies suggest the following EBV regulation patterns: (1) the spontaneous production of EA and VCA appears to be regulated by controls that differ from the regulators ofP3HR‐1 virus‐induced or IUDR‐induced EA synthesis. While spontaneous producer status was dominant over non‐producer status, the level of EA inducibility was set by one of the parental cells, Raji ATG, and could either raise (in the previously studied Raji/Namalwa hybrid, cf Nyormoi et al., 1973) or depress (in Raji/Daudi) the level of relative EA inducibility found in the partner cell. (2) Although EA production is a prerequisite for VCA synthesis, the latter is under its own restriction mechanisms, quite independent of those that regulate the level of EA synthesis. (3) Inducibility of EA synthesis by P3HR‐1 virus and by IUDR appear to be under the influence of at least partially identical controls. (4) EBV‐negative lymphoma cells, exemplified by BJAB, may exert a “complementation” effect on the EA inducibility of their EBV‐positive fusion partner, in spite of their own restrictivity against virus‐induced EA synthesis. In more general terms, it is obvious that the EBV cycle is under the influence of multiple regulatory mechanisms in the human lymphoid cell. Depending on the parental cell and viral genomes that are allowed to interact, somatic cell hybrids may display a variety of patterns. At this time, cell hybridization is one of the few pathways that permit an approach to this complex and completely unknown world.
Humoral reactions in syngeneic hosts against tumor cell surface incomplete saccharide moieties
Authors: Tanino Takae , Egawa Kohji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComponents on the surface of MM2 ascites mammary carcinoma cells induce agglutination factors in the serum of syngeneic host C3H/He mice, and bind the factors in vitro. These components have been classified into three groups: MM2‐specific substances, mammary tumor virus (MTV)‐associated substances and tumor‐associated embryonic materials. The substances contained saccharide moieties and their terminal sugar residues were essential for the binding of the serum factors. These terminal saccharides were exposed during cell proliferation, but masked in stationary cells, at least partly, due to elongation of the saccharide moieties. The terminal structures of these polysaccharide moieties of growing and stationary cells were studied by semiquantitative tumor cell agglutination using the agglutinating activities against MM2 cells of MM2‐regressor serum and of FM3A/R‐ and Ehrlich‐regressor sera which had partial cross‐agglutination activities. Agglutination by phytohemagglutinins, inhibition of the agglutination by saccharides or with isolated cell surface components and treatment of the cells with glycosidases were also used for this purpose.
Host immune potentiation of drug responses to a murine mammary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Radov L. A. , Haskill J. S. , Korn J. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe role of host immunity in the response to chemotherapy of a mouse mammary adenocarcinoma (T1699) was investigated. Suppression of the host response by previous irradiation or ALS (antilymphocyte serum) treatment considerably decreased the therapeutic effect of both cyclophosphamide and melphalan. The timing of drug administration to normal tumor‐bearing mice was critical as the response depended on the development of an anti‐tumor immune response by the host and not solely on the size of the tumor. Although the majority of tumor‐bearing mice with demonstrable anti‐tumor immunity showed complete tumor regression when treated with cyclophosphamide or melphalan, animals that failed to respond to melphalan initially, as well as responder animals whose tumor recurred, did not respond to a second dose of drug. Neither melphalan nor cyclophosphamide suppressed the ability of the host effector cells found within the tumor mass to kill target tumor cells in the colony inhibition assay.
Epstein‐Barr virus: Experimental infection of Callithrix Jacchus marmosets
Authors: Falk Lawrence , Deinhardt Friedrich , Wolfe Lauren , Johnson Donald , Hilgers Jo , De‐Thé Guy 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEight common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) were inoculated with about 104 transforming units of B95‐8 virus; seven of the marmosets died 50‐111 days post inoculation and all seven showed microscopic and/or macroscopic lesions compatible with a diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disease. Low levels of anti‐VCA antibodies were detected in plasma from six marmosets. Attempts failed to establish continuous EBV‐carrying lymphoblastoid cell cultures by cultivation in vitro of circulating lymphocytes or minced lymphoid tissues obtained at necropsy.
Tube leukocyte (monocyte) adherence inhibition assay for the detection of anti‐tumour immunity. III. “Blockade” of monocyte reactivity by excess free antigen and immune complexes in advanced cancer patients
Authors: Grosser N. , Thomson D. M. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLeukocytes from patients with limited cancer display LAI reactivity whereas leukocytes from patients with metastatic cancer frequently demonstrate no reactivity in the tube LAI assay. The leukocytes (monocytes) of reactive patients react with tumour antigen through specific cytophilic anti‐tumour IgG antibody bound to the monocyte's Fc cell surface receptors. The non‐reactive monocytes from patients with advanced cancer lacked the ability to bind free cytophilic anti‐tumour antibody. Moreover, the serum of the non‐reactive patient contained no free cytophilic anti‐tumour antibody capable of “arming” normal leukocytes. The serum of patients with large tumour burdens contained free tumour antigenic determinants capable of absorbing free cytophilic anti‐tumour antibody from the serum of reactive patients or when preincubated with reactive leukocytes abrogating their LAI responsiveness immunologically specifically. Blocking was immunologically specific; therefore, the specificity must reside in the tumour antigenic determinant since immune complexes are bound non‐specifically. The tumour antigen coat was removed by gentle trypsinization of the monocyte's surface. This restored the monocyte's capacity to react with the sensitizing tumour antigen and to bind free cytophilic antibody from the microenvironment. Non‐reactivity in the tube LAI assay of patients with metastatic cancer was not the result of a numerical deficit of circulating monocytes but was mediated by an excess of tumour antigen in the microenvironment of the sensitized monocyte.