bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiogenesis in newly augmented bone observed in rabbit calvarium using a titanium cap
Authors: Yamada Yutaka , Tamura Takanori , Hariu Kotaro , Asano Yukihiro , Sato Shuichi , Ito Koichi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjectives: In our previous work using a rabbit experimental model, we identified the importance of using a rigid support device for augmenting the development of mineralized bone. In the early stage of healing, newly generated tissue has not filled occlusive spaces, and mineralized bone forms and tends to climb along the inner wall of a device. Even though the blood supply is critical for successful bone augmentation, few studies have been conducted on angiogenesis in augmented bone. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a method for observing angiogenesis in newly augmented bone.Material and methods: The right and left sections of the calvarium of six adult male Japanese white rabbits were exposed. The cortical bone was penetrated, and custom‐made, standardized, hemispherical titanium caps were fixed to the exposed bone. The caps on the right side of each rabbit were filled with granulated β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP). After a healing period of 1 month, the animals were injected with MICROFIL® into the right and left common carotid arteries to form a three‐dimensional cast of the vasculature, and the newly generated blood vessels in the augmented bone were observed.Results: The newly generated blood vessels were observed entering the space beyond the existing calvarial bone. Furthermore, angiogenesis was seen to have occurred to a similar extent through the inter‐granular β‐TCP in the right caps. These areas of angiogenesis were observed in a histological study with cross‐sections.Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that this observation method allows the examination of angiogenesis in hard tissue before the preparation of histological specimens.
Bone level changes at implants supporting crowns or fixed partial dentures with or without cantilevers
Authors: Hälg Gian Andrea , Schmid Jürg , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to analyze whether or not a cantilever extension on a fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) supported by implants increased the amount of peri‐implant bone loss or technical complications compared with reconstructions without cantilevers.Materials and Methods: Fifty‐four partially dentate patients with a total of 54 FDPs supported by 78 implants were enrolled in the study. Twenty‐seven FDPs were with cantilever and 27 FDPs were without cantilever (control group). All FDPs were supported by one or two implants and were located in the posterior maxilla or mandible. The primary outcome variable was change in peri‐implant marginal bone level from the time of FDP placement to the last follow‐up visit. FDPs were under functional loading for a period of 3 up to 12.7 years. Statistical analysis was carried out with Student's t‐test. Regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the influence of confounding factors on the peri‐implant bone level change. In addition, implant survival rates were calculated and technical complications assessed.Results: After a mean observation period of 5.3 years, the mean peri‐implant bone loss for the FDPs with cantilevers was 0.23 mm (SD±0.63 mm) and 0.09 mm (SD±0.43 mm) for FDPs without cantilever. Concerning the bone level change at implants supporting FDPs with or without cantilevers no statistically significant differences were found. The regression analysis revealed that jaw of implant placement had a statistically significant influence on peri‐implant bone loss. When the bone loss in the cantilever group and the control group were compared within the maxilla or mandible separately, no statistically significant difference was found. Implant survival rates reached 95.7% for implants supporting cantilever prostheses and 96.9% for implants of the control group. Five FDPs in the cantilever group showed minor technical complications, none were observed in the control group.Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study it was concluded that cantilever on FDPs did not lead to a higher implant failure rate and did not lead to more bone loss around supporting implants compared with implants supporting conventional FDPs. In contrast to these results more technical complications were observed in the group reconstructed with cantilever.
Orthodontic load on short maxillary implants with reduced sink depth: an experimental study
Authors: Wehrbein H. , Göllner P. , Diedrich P. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate experimentally the positional stability and histomorphometric findings of length‐reduced temporary anchorage devices (Orthosystem®, length: 4 mm) with reduced sink depth.Material and methods: For this purpose, four maxillary pre‐molars (2P2, 3P3) were extracted from each of four foxhounds. After a 16‐week alveolar healing period, 16 implants (four per dog) were inserted into the edentulous areas. Four implants (one per dog) were placed simultaneously in the mid‐palatal area. The implants were intentionally submerged to about three‐quarters of their length. After a 10‐week unloaded implant healing period, the implants in the P3 areas and the palate were loaded (test implants) by means of transpalatal bars fixed on the implants in the P3 areas and Sentalloy traction springs (∼2 N continuous force) inserted mid‐sagittally between palatal implants and bars (force application period: 24 weeks). The implants in the P2 areas served as controls.Results: Clinical measurements and histological evaluation revealed positional stability of the loaded fixtures. Alveolar control implants (ACI) were inserted to a mean depth of 3.2 mm, alveolar test implants (ATI) to 3.3 mm and palatal test implants (PTI) to 2.6 mm. The mean direct bone contact percentage values were 71.3% (ACI), 79.6% (ATI) and 72.2% (PTI).Conclusion: These results suggest that, probably due to the relatively high percentage of bone contact with implant surface, only 3 mm of intrabony implant length is sufficient to retain positional stability during long‐term orthodontic loading.
Composition of supra‐ and subgingival biofilm of subjects with healthy and diseased implants
Authors: Shibli Jamil A. , Melo Leandro , Ferrari Daniel S. , Figueiredo Luciene C. , Faveri Marcelo , Feres Magda 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the microbial composition of supra‐ and subgingival biofilm in subjects with and without peri‐implantitis.Material and methods: Forty‐four subjects (mean age 48.9 ± 13.51 years) with at least one implant restored and functional for at least 2 years were assigned to two groups: a peri‐implantitis group (n=22), consisting of subjects presenting peri‐implant sites with radiographic defects >3 mm, bleeding on probing and/or suppuration; and a control group (n=22), consisting of subjects with healthy implants. The clinical parameters evaluated were plaque index, gingival bleeding, bleeding on probing, suppuration, probing depth and clinical attachment level. Supra‐ and subgingival biofilm samples were taken from the deepest sites of each implant and analyzed for the presence of 36 microorganisms by checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization.Results: Higher mean counts of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia were observed in the peri‐implantitis group, both supra‐ and subgingivally (P<0.05). The proportions of the pathogens from the red complex were elevated, while host‐compatible beneficial microbial complexes were reduced in diseased compared with healthy implants. The microbiological profiles of supra‐ and subgingival environments did not differ substantially within each group.Conclusion: Marked differences were observed in the composition of supra‐ and subgingival biofilm between healthy and diseased implants. The microbiota associated with peri‐implantitis was comprised of more periodontal pathogenic bacterial species, including the supragingival biofilm.
Alveolar ridge augmentation using implants coated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2: radiographic observations
Authors: Leknes Knut N. , Yang Jie , Qahash Mohammed , Polimeni Giuseppe , Susin Cristiano , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjectives: Effective carrier technologies and dosing appear critical for the successful use of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). This study evaluated radiographically the potential of a purpose‐designed titanium porous‐oxide implant surface combined with recombinant human BMP‐2 (rhBMP‐2) to stimulate alveolar ridge augmentation.Material and methods: Twelve young‐adult Labrador dogs were used. Three 10‐mm titanium implants per jaw quadrant were placed 5 mm into the alveolar ridge following extraction of the premolar teeth and reduction of alveolar ridge. Six animals received implants coated with rhBMP‐2 at 0.75 or 1.5 mg/ml randomized to contralateral jaw quadrants. Another six animals received implants coated with rhBMP‐2 at 3 mg/ml or uncoated control using the same split‐mouth design. The mucoperiosteal flaps were advanced, adapted, and sutured to submerge the implants. Radiographic registrations were made immediately postsurgery (baseline), and at weeks 4 and 8 (end of study).Results: rhBMP‐2‐coated implants exhibited robust radiographic bone formation extending to and above the implant platform from week 4 (P<0.01). Some rhBMP‐2‐coated implants showed voids within the newly formed bone that gradually resolved and/or implant displacement, being severe in two animals receiving implants coated with rhBMP‐2 at 3 mg/ml. Controls showed limited, if any, new bone formation at weeks 4 and 8 postsurgery. There were no significant differences among the rhBMP‐2 groups in bone gain.Conclusions: The titanium porous‐oxide surface serves as an effective carrier for rhBMP‐2, showing a clinically significant potential to stimulate local bone formation. With the carrier technology used, therapeutic dosage appears to be in the range of 0.75–1.5 mg/ml.
Immunohistochemical characterization of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite silica gel (NanoBone®) osteogenesis: a study on biopsies from human jaws
Authors: Götz Werner , Gerber Thomas , Michel Barbara , Lossdörfer Stefan , Henkel Kai‐Olaf , Heinemann Friedhelm 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjectives: Bone substitute biomaterials may be osteogenic, osteoconductive or osteoinductive. To test for these probable characteristics in a new nanoporous grafting material consisting of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite embedded in a porous silica gel matrix (NanoBone®), applied in humans, we studied biopsies from 12 patients before dental implantation following various orofacial augmentation techniques with healing times of between 3.5 and 12 months.Material and methods: Sections from decalcified specimens were investigated using histology, histochemistry [periodic acid Schiff, alcian blue staining and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)] and immunohistochemistry, with markers for osteogenesis, bone remodelling, resorption and vessel walls (alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenetic protein‐2, collagen type I, ED1, osteocalcin, osteopontin, runx2 and Von‐Willebrand factor).Results: Histologically, four specific stages of graft transformation into lamellar bone could be characterized. During early stages of healing, bone matrix proteins were absorbed by NanoBone® granules, forming a proteinaceous matrix, which was invaded by small vessels and cells. We assume that the deposition of these molecules promotes early osteogenesis in and around NanoBone® and supports the concomitant degradation probably by osteoclast‐like cells. TRAP‐positive osteoclast‐like cells were localized directly on the granular surfaces. Runx2‐immunoreactive pre‐osteoblasts, which are probably involved in direct osteogenesis forming woven bone that is later transformed into lamellar bone, were attracted. Graft resorption and bone apposition around the graft granules appear concomitantly.Conclusions: We postulate that NanoBone® has osteoconductive and biomimetic properties and is integrated into the host's physiological bone turnover at a very early stage.
Calvarial bone regeneration by a combination of natural anorganic bovine‐derived hydroxyapatite matrix coupled with a synthetic cell‐binding peptide (PepGen™): an experimental study in rats
Authors: Mardas Nikos , Stavropoulos Andreas , Karring Thorkild 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate histologically the effect of natural anorganic bovine‐derived hydroxyapatite matrix (ABM) coupled with a synthetic cell‐binding peptide on the healing of critical size calvarial defects in rats.Material and methods: Sixteen 4‐month‐old rats were used in the study. A 5 mm trephine defect was created in each parietal bone of every animal. One defect was left untreated (control) while the contralateral defect was treated with a natural ABM coupled with a synthetic cell‐binding peptide (test). At 60 and 120 days post‐operatively, groups of eight animals were sacrificed and 7–10‐μm‐thick decalcified sections were produced from both test and control sides. Three sections, 100 μm apart, representing the central area of each defect were selected for the histometric analysis.Results: Histological analysis showed limited bone formation in both control and test defects at both observation periods. The control defects healed with fibrous connective tissue occupying the midportion of the defect and minimal new bone formation at the periphery. In the test defects, the major part of the defect was occupied by graft particles embedded in connective tissue. After 60 days of healing the residual defects accounted up to 94.6% of the original defect dimensions in the control specimens and 90.6% in the test specimens. The differences between test and control defects were not statistically significant (P=0.06). After 120 days of healing, the residual defects accounted up 89.9% of the original defect dimensions in the control specimens and 85% in the test specimens. The difference was not statistically significant (P=0.33).Conclusion: The ABM coupled with a synthetic cell‐binding peptide failed to substantially promote new bone formation in rat calvarial defects.
Electromyographic analysis of masticatory and neck muscles in subjects with natural dentition, teeth‐supported and implant‐supported prostheses
Authors: Tartaglia Gianluca M. , Testori Tiziano , Pallavera Andrea , Marelli Bruno , Sforza Chiarella 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjectives: To compare the electromyographic (EMG) characteristics of masticatory and neck muscles in patients with natural dentition, teeth‐supported prostheses and implant‐supported prostheses.Materials and methods: Twenty‐five subjects aged 40–80 years were examined. Five patients had maxillary and mandibular implant‐supported fixed prostheses; five patients had mandibular implant‐supported fixed prosthesis and maxillary removable complete denture; seven patients had implant‐supported fixed prosthesis (one arch) and natural dentition or full‐arch tooth‐fixed prosthesis (one arch); and eight control subjects had natural dentition or single tooth‐fixed prostheses. Surface EMG of masseter, temporal and sternocleidomastoid muscles was performed during maximum teeth clenching and unilateral gum chewing. Interarch dental contacts were assessed with shim stocks.Results: All groups had similar interarch dental contacts (P>0.05). During clenching, patients with maxillary and mandibular implant‐supported fixed prostheses had unbalanced standardized masseter and temporalis anterior activities (74%), with significantly larger values found in the other patients and control subjects (all mean values larger than 86%, P=0.017). All patients chewed with significantly larger muscular potentials than control subjects (on average, 1434–2100 μV s vs. 980 μV s, P=0.04), and had altered muscular patterns (left side, P=0.021). The patients with one arch with natural dentition/tooth fixed prostheses had chewing muscular patterns similar to the control subjects.Conclusions: Clenching with the analyzed prostheses was performed with a relative increment of temporalis activity. Neuromuscular coordination during chewing was larger in patients who maintained their teeth or dental roots, independently from the number of dental contacts.
Children and adolescents injured in traffic – associated psychological consequences: a literature review
Authors: Olofsson Eva , Bunketorp Olle , Andersson Anna‐Lena 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim: To identify the prevalence of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PTSD symptoms (PTSS) among children and adolescents injured in traffic, and to assess predictors of such post‐traumatic stress.Methods: Studies identified from electronic databases were reviewed.Results: Based on a review of 12 studies, fulfilling specified criteria, the prevalence of PTSS was estimated at 30% within 1 month and 13% at 3–6 months. The prevalence of PTSD was almost 30% at 1–2 months and decreased to the same level as PTSS at 3–6 months. Perceived threat and high levels of distress, anxiety symptoms and being female were significantly associated with PTSD and PTSS. Injury severity was positively related to the number of PTSD symptoms in one of eight studies. Types of accident, age and socioeconomic status were not related to the development of PTSD/PTSS.Conclusion: Any child will be at risk of PTSD/PTSS, not just those with severe injuries. Trauma care should include procedures that could identify and prevent stress reactions in order to minimize the risk of associated psychological consequences.
Lack of association of δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase genotype with blood lead levels in environmentally exposed children of Uygur and Han populations
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhao Jiang‐Xia , Liu Ji‐Wen , Cui Jun , Li Ling , Tian Wei 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim: A cross‐section study was conducted to explore the association between polymorphism of δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) and lead poisoning in Uygur and Han children in China.Methods: The ALAD genotyping was determined by PCR‐RFLP in 443 Uygur and 469 Han children aged 6–10 years from Urumqi in Xinjiang province.Results: The blood lead levels of 912 environmentally exposed children ranged from 0.5 to 48.2 μg/dL, with a mean of 5.45 μg/dL and a standard deviation of 0.22 μg/dL, and 23. Thirty‐one percent individuals were with blood lead level ≥10 μg/dL. The mean and standard deviation of blood lead levels were 5.57 ± 0.223 μg/dL and 5.30 ± 0.224 μg/dL in Uygur and Han children, respectively. The frequencies of the allele ALAD1 and ALAD2 in Uygur subjects were 90.52% and 9.48%, and in Han subjects were 95.73% and 4.27%, respectively (chi‐square = 19.55, p < 0.05). No statistic correlation between the distribution of ALAD alleles and the blood lead level was found in both populations.Conclusion: A significant difference was seen in the frequency distribution of ALAD genotype between the different races. The genetic susceptibility of ALAD polymorphism to lead toxicity may exhibit in a lead dose‐dependent manner.
Patterns of food and aeroallergen sensitization in childhood eczema
Authors: Hon Kam‐Lun Ellis , Leung Ting‐fan , Ching Gary , Chow Chung‐mo , Luk Vivianne , Ko Wai‐san Fanny , Ng Pak‐Cheung 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim: To compare the patterns of Type 1 sensitization of common food and aeroallergens among infants and older patients with atopic dermatitis (AD).Methods: All skin prick tests (SPTs) performed over a 6‐month period were examined, and patients with urticaria were used for comparison.Results: Dust mite was the most common aeroallergen and dog dander the least common. Egg white was the most common food allergen and beef the least common. Dust mite and peanut sensitization was more prevalent in AD than in urticaria. Dust mite sensitization was more prevalent in older children than infants with AD. Cow's milk sensitization only occurred in one‐tenth of these patients. Prevalence of sensitization to common aeroallergens, but not food allergens, was generally higher in children beyond 5 years of age.Conclusion: Milk sensitization is far less prevalent than egg white, and the prevalence does not change beyond infancy. There is no significant change in prevalence in many of the common food allergens beyond infancy. Many infants with AD develop eczema before they show atopy to the common food and aeroallergens. The SPT information is useful in reassuring parents of the unlikelihood of severe Type 1 immediate IgE reaction to some of the common food and aeroallergens, so that empirical and multiple food avoidance/restriction can be avoided.
Body composition in a cohort of Swedish adolescents aged 15, 17 and 20.5 years
Authors: Lantz H , Bratteby L‐E , Fors H , Sandhagen B , Sjöström L , Samuelson G 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective: To assess variables of body composition and identify their correlates in a group of individuals studied from adolescence to early adulthood.Methods: Cross‐sectional results were obtained from 203, 149 and 106 subjects at the respective ages. Sixty‐two subjects examined at all three ages constituted the longitudinal study group. A cohort of randomly selected 15‐year‐old adolescents from an industrial town in Sweden was studied by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and followed up at 17 and 20.5 years. Lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM) and total body bone mineral content (TBMC) were measured by DXA. Total bone mineral density (TBMD) was calculated. Information of parental educational level, energy intake and food habits, energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL) was obtained by questionnaires and diaries.Results: LBM, TBMC and TBMD increased significantly more in males and FM more in females, from 15 to 20.5 years of age. Body weight, height, TEE, PAL and the fathers' educational level and, at age 15, also gender were identified as significant correlates of the body composition variables.Conclusion: New reference values for body composition at ages 15, 17 and 20.5 years are presented and also a finding about an association between the father's educational level and the adolescent's body composition.
Hypocalcemia impacts heart failure control in DiGeorge 2 syndrome
Authors: Chao Pei‐Hsin , Chao Mei‐Chyn , Hwang Kao‐Pin , Chung Mei‐Yung 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChromosome 10p terminal deletion accounts for a rare subset among patients presenting with DiGeorge syndrome, and is designated as DiGeorge 2 syndrome. We report a neonate with DiGeorge‐like phenotype having a deletion of distal 10p (p13‐pter) and a duplication of terminal 3q (q29‐qter) derived from paternal balanced translocation between 3q29 and 10p13. She had facial dysmorphism, atrial and ventricular septal defect, impaired T‐cell function, hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural hearing loss, renal abnormalities and developmental delay. Her phenotype corresponded well with the typical characteristics of partial monosomy 10p and the small duplication of terminal 3q did not involve the critical region of 3q duplication syndrome. Clinically, hypoparathyroidism‐related hypocalcemia lasted for three weeks and resulted in repeated episodes of heart failure. It was not until the calcium level was normalized that her heart failure improved markedly.Conclusion: Cytogenetic analysis can help to recognize patients early on who have terminal 10p deletion when microdeletion of 22q11.2 is not the cause of DiGeorge syndrome. Hypoparathyroidism‐related hypocalcemia impacts heart failure control in partial monosomy 10p and should be managed aggressively on critical care.