bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A More Atherogenic Serum Lipoprotein Profile Is Present in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Valkenburg Olivier , Steegers-Theunissen Regine P. M. , Smedts Huberdina P. M. , Dallinga-Thie Geesje M. , Fauser Bart C. J. M. , Westerveld Egbertine H. , Laven Joop S. E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with a higher frequency of cardiovascular risk factors. Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apoB are potent markers for cardiovascular risk. Data on apo levels in women with PCOS are scarce and contradictory.
Objective: Our objective was to identify changes in lipid metabolism in women with PCOS, and the relative impact of obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism on lipid parameters.
Design: This was a case-control study.
Setting: The study was performed at a single referral center.
Subjects: PCOS was diagnosed according to the 2003 Rotterdam criteria. Healthy mothers with regular menstrual cycles served as controls.
Main Outcome Parameters: Fasting insulin, triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, apoA-I, and apoB were determined. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was calculated using the Friedewald formula.
Results: We included 557 women with PCOS and 295 controls. After correction for age and body mass index, PCOS women had higher median levels of insulin (10.1 vs. 6.9 mU/liter), TGs (95 vs. 81 mg/dl), cholesterol (196 vs. 178 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (125 vs. 106 mg/dl) in combination with lower levels of HDL-cholesterol (46 vs. 55 mg/dl) and apoA-I (118 vs. 146 mg/dl) compared with controls (all P values ≤ 0.01). apoB levels were similar in cases and controls. Free androgen index, body mass index, SHBG, and estradiol were independent predictors of apoA-I levels in women with PCOS.
Conclusions: PCOS is associated with a more pronounced atherogenic lipid profile. Furthermore, obesity and hyperandrogenism contribute to an adverse lipid profile. Finally, PCOS seems to constitute an additional risk factor for an atherogenic lipid profile.
Pre-operative clinical and radiological assessment of the patellofemoral joint in unicompartmental knee replacement and its influence on outcome
Authors: Beard D. J. , Pandit H. , Ostlere S. , Jenkins C. , Dodd C. A. F. , Murray D. W. 
Published: December 2007

Anterior knee pain and/or radiological evidence of degeneration of the patellofemoral joint are considered to be contraindications to unicompartmental knee replacement. The aim of this study was to determine whether this is the case. Between January 2000 and September 2003, in 100 knees (91 patients) in which Oxford unicompartmental knee replacements were undertaken for anteromedial osteoarthritis, pre-operative anterior knee pain and the radiological status of the patellofemoral joint were defined using the Altman and Ahlback systems. Outcome was evaluated at two years with the Oxford knee score and the American Knee Society score. Pre-operatively 54 knees (54%) had anterior knee pain. The clinical outcome was independent of the presence or absence of pre-operative anterior knee pain. Degenerative changes of the patellofemoral joint were seen in 54 patients (54%) on the skyline radiographs, including ten knees (10%) with joint space obliteration. Patients with medial patellofemoral degeneration had a similar outcome to those without. For some outcome measures patients with lateral patellofemoral degeneration had a worse score than those without, but these patients still had a good outcome, with a mean Oxford knee score of 37.6 (SD 9.5). These results show that neither anterior knee pain nor radiologically-demonstrated medial patellofemoral joint degeneration should be considered a contraindication to Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement. With lateral patellofemoral degeneration the situation is less well defined and caution should be observed.
Continuum-many Boolean algebras of the form Borel
Authors: Oliver Michael Ray 
Published: December 2007

Abstract.We examine the question of how many Boolean algebras, distinct up to isomorphism, that are quotients of the powerset of the naturals by Borel ideals, can be proved to exist in ZFC alone. The maximum possible value is easily seen to be the cardinality of the continuum ; earlier work by Ilijas Farah had shown that this was the value in models of Martin's Maximum or some similar forcing axiom, but it was open whether there could be fewer in models of the Continuum Hypothesis.We develop and apply a new technique for constructing many ideals whose quotients must be nonisomorphic in any model of ZFC. The technique depends on isolating a kind of ideal, called shallow, that can be distinguished from the ideal of all finite sets even after any isomorphic embedding, and then piecing together various copies of the ideal of all finite sets using distinct shallow ideals. In this way we are able to demonstrate that there are continuum-many distinct quotients by Borel ideals, indeed by analytic P-ideals, and in fact that there is in an appropriate sense a Borel embedding of the Vitali equivalence relation into the equivalence relation of isomorphism of quotients by analytic P-ideals. We also show that there is an uncountable definable wellordered collection of Borel ideals with distinct quotients.
Structure for electro‐spun silk fibroin nanofibers
Authors: Kawahara Yutaka , Nakayama Atsushi , Matsumura Noriaki , Yoshioka Taiyo , Tsuji Masaki 
Published: December 2007

AbstractElectro‐spinning was made using silk fibroin and it was found that silk fibroin nanofibers of partially oriented amorphous structure are producible using HFIP(1,1,1,3,3,3 hexafluoro‐2‐propanol) as a solvent for fibroin via the electro‐spinning setup equipped with parallel electrodes as a collector. Transformation from amorphous to silk I of a highly contracted beta‐turn form or amorphous to silk II of a regular array of antiparallel beta‐sheets occurred preferentially via the treatment with water vapor or ethanol, respectively. In addition the c‐axis of crystallites was oriented parallel to the fiber axis. When the electro‐spinning was made using a dish‐type collector filled with ethanol, a peculiar web texture was obtained. Such a web texture seems to be brought about by the shrinkage of fiber due to the crystallization of fibroin and/or surface tension of ethanol droplets formed between the fibers. In this spinning setup, the c‐axis of crystallites was also oriented parallel to the fiber axis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Hydrodynamische Instabilitäten zweiphasiger Zylinderspaltströmungen mit Rotation und Durchfluss
Authors: Seyfert C. , Piesche M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDie Untersuchung der Vorgänge in transienten, dispersen Strömungen ist von technischer Bedeutung, da diese instabilen Strömungsformen häufig in Misch‐ und Trennapparaten auftreten und das Misch‐ und Separationsverhalten signifikant beeinflussen. Die zweiphasige Strömung im Spalt zwischen zwei konzentrischen Zylindern, wie sie zum Beispiel in Ringkammerzentrifugen anzutreffen ist, wurde in dieser Arbeit sowohl theoretisch als auch experimentell untersucht. Im durchströmten System wurden die Struktur, der Existenzbereich und das Zeitverhalten von hydrodynamischen Instabilitäten im Übergangsbereich laminarer‐turbulenter Strömung ermittelt.
Quantitative Online Detection of Low‐Concentrated Drugs via a SERS Microfluidic System
Authors: Ackermann Katrin R. , Henkel Thomas , Popp Jürgen 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHerein, quantitative online monitoring of concentration fluctuations of different interesting drugs, namely, the phenothiazine promethazine as well as the anti‐cancer agent mitoxantrone via surface enhanced Raman scattering assay based on a microfluidic device is demonstrated. With the applied liquid/liquid two‐phase‐segmented flow system we succeed in preventing the adhesion of nanoparticle aggregates to the channel walls which is necessary for a quantitative analysis. Even after repeated cycles no carry‐over due to sedimentation of colloid particles is observed. To the best of our knowledge these are the first measurements applying a combination of a microfluidic device with SERS detection for quantitative online monitoring of fluctuations in drug concentrations over hours without use of aggressive chemicals for rinsing the chip surfaces prior to each measurement.
Sinusoidal modeling applied to spatially variant tropospheric ozone air pollution
Authors: Muller Nicholas Z. , Phillips Peter C. B. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper demonstrates how parsimonious models of sinusoidal functions can be used to fit spatially variant time series in which there is considerable variation of a periodic type. A typical shortcoming of such tools relates to the difficulty in capturing idiosyncratic variation in periodic models. The strategy developed here addresses this deficiency. While previous work has sought to overcome the shortcoming by augmenting sinusoids with other techniques, the present approach employs station‐specific sinusoids to supplement a common regional component, which succeeds in capturing local idiosyncratic behavior in a parsimonious manner. The experiments conducted herein reveal that a semi‐parametric approach enables such models to fit spatially varying time series with periodic behavior in a remarkably tight fashion. The methods are applied to a panel data set consisting of hourly air pollution measurements. The augmented sinusoidal models produce an excellent fit to these data at three different levels of spatial detail. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personality disorders in 545 patients with eating disorders
Authors: Godt Kristine 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectivePrevious research on the prevalence of personality disorders in patients with eating disorders varies greatly in findings, but a general understanding seem to exist that personality disorders are rather common among eating‐disordered patients. The present investigation is aimed at establishing the prevalence of DSM III‐R or DSM IV personality disorders in a large population seeking treatment for eating disorders.MethodFive hundred and forty‐five patients with DSM IV‐ eating disorders have been evaluated using the structured clinical interview for DSM III‐R or IV‐Axis II and the eating disorder examination.ResultsThe 29.5% of the population have one or more personality disorders according to DSM III‐R or DSM IV criteria. Personality disorders, and specifically borderline personality disorder, are significantly more common in patients with bulimia nervosa.DiscussionThe proportion of eating‐disordered patients with co‐morbid personality disorder may not be as large as often found in studies. This challenges the understanding of a strong overall connection between the two groups of disorder; however, the connection seems to exist in subsets of eating disorder samples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Tafoni development in a cryotic environment: an example from Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica
Authors: Strini Andrea , Guglielmin Mauro , Hall Kevin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTafoni are a type of cavernous weathering widespread around the world. Despite the extensive distribution of the tafoni, their genesis is not clear and is still a matter of debate, also because they occur in such different climatic conditions and on so many different types of substrate. Geomorphological characterization of more than 60 tafoni in three different Antarctic sites (two coastal and one inland) between 74 and 76° S with sampling of weathering products and salt occurrences are described together with thermal data (on different surfaces) and wind speed recorded in different periods of the year in a selected tafone close to the Italian Antarctic station. The aim of this present study is to provide further information to help understand the processes involved in the growth of tafoni in a cryotic environment, and the relationship of these processes to climate, with particular attention to the thermal regime and the role of wind. The new data presented in this paper suggest that there is no single key factor that drives the tafoni development, although thermal stress seems the most efficient process, particularly if we consider the short‐term fluctuations. The data also confirm that other thermal processes, such as freezing–thawing cycles and thermal shock, are not really effective for the development of tafoni in this area. The wind speed measured within the tafoni is half that recorded outside, thus favouring snow accumulation within the tafoni and therefore promoting salt crystallization. On the other hand, the wind effect on the thermal regime within the tafoni seems negligible. While both salt weathering and thermal stress appear active in this cryotic environment, these are azonal processes and are therefore active in other climatic areas where tafoni are widespread (such as the Mediterranean region). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explicit solution to the exact Riemann problem and application in nonlinear shallow‐water equations
Authors: Wu Yongyan , Cheung Kwok Fai 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe Riemann solver is the fundamental building block in the Godunov‐type formulation of many nonlinear fluid‐flow problems involving discontinuities. While existing solvers are obtained either iteratively or through approximations of the Riemann problem, this paper reports an explicit analytical solution to the exact Riemann problem. The present approach uses the homotopy analysis method to solve the nonlinear algebraic equations resulting from the Riemann problem. A deformation equation defines a continuous variation from an initial approximation to the exact solution through an embedding parameter. A Taylor series expansion of the exact solution about the embedding parameter provides a series solution in recursive form with the initial approximation as the zeroth‐order term. For the nonlinear shallow‐water equations, a sensitivity analysis shows fast convergence of the series solution and the first three terms provide highly accurate results. The proposed Riemann solver is implemented in an existing finite‐volume model with a Godunov‐type scheme. The model correctly describes the formation of shocks and rarefaction fans for both one and two‐dimensional dam‐break problems, thereby verifying the proposed Riemann solver for general implementation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunochemical and single molecule force spectroscopy studies of specific interaction between the laminin binding protein and the West Nile virus surface glycoprotein E domain II
Authors: Bogachek Maria V. , Protopopova Elena V. , Loktev Valery B. , Zaitsev Boris N. , Favre Mélanie , Sekatskii Sergey K. , Dietler Giovanni 
Published: December 2007

AbstractELISA and Western blot immunochemical data attest an effective and highly specific interaction of the surface glycoprotein E domain II (DII) of the tick born encephalitis and Dengue viruses with the laminin binding protein (LBP). Based on a highly conservative structure of the DII in different flaviviruses we propose a similarly effective interaction between the LBP and the DII of the surface glycoprotein E of the West Nile virus. We report the results of studies of this interaction by immunochemical and single molecule force spectroscopy methods. The specific binding between these species is confirmed by both methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
By‐products from viticulture and the wine industry: potential as sources of nutrients for ruminants
Authors: Molina‐Alcaide Eduarda , Moumen Abdelmajid , Martín‐García A Ignacio 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: This work aimed to study the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of nutrients of vine shoot (VS), grape marcs (GMG and GMM), white (WL), red (RL) and sherry (SL) wine lees and grape marc plus lees (GML). The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on nutrient availability was also studied.RESULTS: By‐products had variable crude protein (CP) and cell walls (from 44.8 to 203 and from 122 to 741 g kg−1 dry matter (DM) for CP and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) respectively). DM and CP in vitro digestibility ranged from 0.30 to 0.91 and from 0.51 to 0.84 respectively. The effective ruminal degradability of DM and CP was low (from 0.27 to 0.36 and from 0.34 to 0.53, respectively). The intestinal digestibility of the ruminally undegraded fraction was 0.25 and 0.29 for VS and GMG, respectively. The effect of PEG was different in VS and GMG.CONCLUSION: This is the first information available on ruminal and intestinal availability of nutrients from a diversity of vine and winery by‐products. The use of a combination of the different by‐products studied may represent a valuable source of energy and protein for ruminants. Further research on the effect of diets including these by‐products on animal performance and the quality of products is necessary. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Autoantibody‐mediated bowel and bladder dysfunction in a patient with chronic, nondiabetic neuropathy
Authors: Jackson Michael W. , Gordon Thomas P. , McCombe Pamela A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPhysiological techniques can be used to detect novel autoantibodies causing alteration of autonomic function after passive transfer to mice. Previously, such antibodies have been detected in patients with type I diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, and Sjogren's syndrome. We now describe a patient with an idiopathic nondiabetic neuropathy with prominent autonomic symptoms, including bladder and bowel dysfunction. Physiological assays of whole colon and bladder were used to determine the presence in the patient serum of functional autoantibodies capable of mediating autonomic dysfunction. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from this patient was able to disrupt bladder and bowel function on passive transfer to mice. This is a new pattern of autoantibody‐mediated abnormality. Although the target antigen is unknown, it is likely to be a cell‐surface receptor or ion channel. This case highlights the usefulness of passive transfer studies in detecting functional antibodies in patients with autonomic neuropathy. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Twins discordant for fetal skeletal abnormalities: a natural confrontation between the two siblings
Authors: Quarello E. , Roume J. , Molho M. , Gorincour G. , Saada J. , Simon I. , Bernard J.‐P. , Ville Y. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal abnormalities encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by anomalies of cartilage as well as bone growth and development. Some are lethal and express early during fetal life, making them amenable to prenatal diagnosis. The increasing use of routine ultrasonography (US) during pregnancy permits a reliable primary evaluation of the fetal skeleton. However, when a skeletal dysplasia is suspected, it is more difficult to establish a specific diagnosis. Moreover, detailed ultrasonographic evaluation of the whole fetal skeleton may be limited in some circumstances, especially during the third trimester due to the fetal position and in the case of multiple pregnancies.MethodsRetrospective study of twin pregnancies complicated with skeletal abnormalities.Results6 twin pregnancies were reviewed. The prenatal diagnosis was correctly made in 66.66% (4/6) with the primary use of combined 2D and 3D‐US. 3D‐HCT permits to improve the simultaneous assessment of both fetuses, and is of greater value than US in 16.66% (1/6).ConclusionThe combined use of 2D or 3D‐US with 3D‐HCT permits the best imaging evaluation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
School‐based tertiary and targeted interventions for students with chronic medical conditions: Examples from type 1 diabetes mellitus and epilepsy
Authors: Wodrich David L. , Cunningham Melissa M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractApproximately 15% of children experience a significant illness prior to age 18 years. For many of them, school absenteeism, substandard academic performance, and social problems ensue. When disorders affect the central nervous system, some suffer global developmental delays or selective neuropsychological deficits. As health service providers, school psychologists understand both the educational process and the ways in which childhood illnesses can impact it. This article argues that school psychologists' breadth of knowledge enables consultation with teachers about health‐related classroom accommodations and communication between medical professionals and educators. Epilepsy and type 1 diabetes mellitus are two conditions associated with a risk of school problems. Using these two disorders as examples, this article outlines roles for school psychologists and provides specific guidance about how they can promote success among all students with chronic illnesses. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiparallel High-Pressure Reaction in a 384 Microplate
Authors: Allwardt A. , Holzmüller-Laue S. , Wendler C. , Stoll N. 
Published: December 2007

In future, laboratories require particularly multivariate laboratory devices. They have to provide an increase of the reactions per time unit and the reduction of the reaction volumes. Furthermore, the devices must be variable integrable in hardware and software in complex laboratory automation systems. The multiparallel high-pressure microplate reactor (HPMR) 50–384 enables the simultaneous execution of up to 384 reactions in a reaction module under reaction pressures up to 50 bar and temperatures in the range from 0 to 100 °C. The homogenization of the reagents is based on a magnetic stirring system. The reaction module is based on a commercially available microplate made of polypropylene, MultiChem, or glass. With a cap mat, a perforated cover plate and a support frame such as microplate will be completed. The gas exchange in the reaction vessels can be ensured with an injection system in the lid of the pressure tank. Thus, the HPMR 50–384 enables the handling of air-sensitive compounds under atmospheric conditions. The possibility of integration into a laboratory automation system or the connection to a LIMS makes the HPMR 50–384 to an all-purpose reaction system.
Planning and Implementation of an Infection Control Training Program for Healthcare Providers in Latin America
Authors: Caniza Miguela A. , Maron Gabriela , McCullers Jonathan , Clara Wilfrido A. , Cedillos Rafael , Dueñas Lourdes , Arnold Sandra , Williams Bonnie F. , Tuomanen Elaine I. 
Published: December 2007

Objective.The lack of well-trained, dedicated infection control personnel prevents optimal control of nosocomial infections in Latin American pediatric oncology centers. We collaboratively planned and implemented a multinational training course in San Salvador, El Salvador, to address this need.Methods.The course relied on its organizers' experience in training international healthcare providers, the availability of the International Training Center for Nurses, previous infection control collaboration with the Hospital Nacional de Niños Benjamin Bloom, and resources available at the University of El Salvador. The 4-week course consisted of lecture sessions combined with practical laboratory and hospital experience.Results.Two courses, one conducted in 2005 and one in 2006, trained 44 professionals from 15 Latin American countries. Evaluations showed that course content and teacher performance met the trainees' needs and that all trainees acquired the necessary knowledge and skills.Conclusions.The course met the need for the training of Latin American infection control practitioners. Our experience can serve as a model for other organizations interested in strengthening infection control and prevention at international sites.