bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of brain metastases
Authors: Kwon Alexander K. , DiBiase Steven J. , Wang Brian , Hughes Samuel L. , Milcarek Barry , Zhu Yunping 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:This retrospective review evaluated the efficacy and toxicity profiles of various dose fractionations using hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HSRT) in the treatment of brain metastases.METHODS:Between 2004 and 2007, 36 patients with 66 brain metastases were treated with HSRT. Nine of these subjects were excluded because of the absence of post‐treatment magnetic resonance imaging scans, resulting in 27 patients with a total of 52 lesions. Of these 52 lesions, 45 lesions were treated with whole‐brain radiotherapy plus a HSRT boost and 7 lesions were treated with HSRT as the primary treatment. The median prescribed dose was 25 grays (Gy) (range, 20 Gy‐36 Gy) with a median of 5 fractions (range, 4 fractions‐6 fractions) to a median 85% isodose line (range, 50%‐100%). The median follow‐up interval was 6.6 months (range, 0.9 months‐26.8 months).RESULTS:The median overall survival time was 10.8 months, and 66.7% of patients died of disease progression. After HSRT treatment of 52 brain lesions, 13 lesions demonstrated complete responses, 12 lesions demonstrated partial responses, 22 lesions demonstrated stable disease, and 5 lesions demonstrated progressive disease. Actuarial local tumor control rates at 6 months and 1 year were 93.9% and 68.2%, respectively. Maximum tumor dimension, concurrent chemotherapy, and a tumor volume <1 cc were found to be statistically significant factors for local tumor control. One patient had a grade 3 toxicity (according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events).CONCLUSIONS:HSRT provides a high level of tumor control with minimal toxicity comparable to single‐fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The results of the current study warrant a prospective randomized study comparing single‐fraction SRS with HSRT in this patient population. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Polynomial wavelets in hybrid‐mixed stress finite element models
Authors: Castro Luís Manuel Santos 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper reports the use of polynomial wavelets as approximation functions in hybrid‐mixed stress finite element models applied to the solution of plane elasticity problems. The stress and displacement fields in the domain and the displacements on the static boundary are independently approximated. The kinematic boundary conditions are locally satisfied. All remaining equations are enforced in a weighted residual form so designed as to ensure that the discrete model embodies the relevant properties of continuum systems, namely the static‐kinematic duality and elastic reciprocity. A set of numerical applications is presented to illustrate the use of the hybrid‐mixed model and to assess its efficiency and accuracy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SDS‐PAGE of recombinant and endogenous erythropoietins: benefits and limitations of the method for application in doping control
Authors: Reichel Christian , Kulovics Ronald , Jordan Veronika , Watzinger Martina , Geisendorfer Thomas 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDoping of athletes with recombinant and genetically modified erythropoietins (EPO) is currently detected by isoelectric focusing (IEF). The application of these drugs leads to a significant change in the isoform profile of endogenous urinary erythropoietin (uhEPO). Dynepo, MIRCERA, biosimilars with variable IEF‐profiles as well as active urines and effort urines have made additional testing strategies necessary. The new generation of small molecule EPO‐receptor stimulating agents like Hematide will also challenge the analytical concept of detecting the abuse of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA). By determining their apparent molecular masses with SDS‐PAGE a clear differentiation between endogenous and exogenous substances also concerning new EPO modifications is possible. Due to the orthogonal character of IEF‐ and SDS‐PAGE both methods complement each other. The additional benefits of SDS‐PAGE especially in relation to active and effort urines as well as the detection of Dynepo were investigated. Due to significant differences between the apparent molecular masses of uhEPO/serum EPO (shEPO) and recombinant, genetically or chemically modified erythropoietins the presence of active or effort urines was easily revealed. The characteristic band shape and apparent molecular mass of Dynepo on SDS‐PAGE additionally evidenced the presence of this substance in urine. A protocol for the detection of EPO‐doping in serum and plasma by SDS‐PAGE was developed. Blood appears to be the ideal matrix for detecting all forms ESA‐doping in the future. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of the date‐rape drug GHB and its precursor GBL by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Brewster Victoria. L. , Edwards Howell G. M. , Hargreaves Michael D. , Munshi Tasnim 
Published: January 2009

AbstractGamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), also known as ‘liquid ecstasy’, has recently become associated with drug‐facilitated sexual assaults, known colloquially as ‘date rape’, due to the ability of the drug to cause loss of consciousness. The drug is commonly found ‘spiked’ into alcoholic beverages, as alcohol increases its sedative effects.Gamma hydroxybutyric acid and the corresponding lactone gamma‐butyrolactone (GBL) will reach an equilibrium in solution which favours the lactone in basic conditions and GHB in acidic conditions (less than pH 4). Therefore, we have studied both GHB and GBL, as a mildly acidic beverage ‘spiked’ with GHB will contain both GHB and GBL.We report the analysis of GHB as a sodium salt and GBL, its precursor, using bench‐top and portable Raman spectroscopy. It has been demonstrated that we are able to detect GHB and GBL in a variety of containers including colourless and amber glass vials, plastic vials and polythene bags. We have also demonstrated the ability to detect both GBL and GHB in a range of liquid matrices simulating ‘spiked’ beverages. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phytoestrogenic isoflavonoids in epidemiologic and clinical research
Authors: Franke Adrian A. , Halm Brunhild M. , Kakazu Kerry , Li Xingnan , Custer Laurie J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIsoflavones (IFLs) are natural products to which humans have been traditionally exposed predominantly through soy foods; more recently humans are also exposed to them through soy protein addition to processed foods or through supplements. They are structurally similar to steroidal estrogens and can exert estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects depending on their concentrations and on the tissue considered. These properties qualify IFLs to be classified as phytoestrogens and are believed to account for many of the biological effects observed for soy and/or IFL exposure including benefits for bone and heart health or prevention of menopausal symptoms and certain types of cancer. In order to evaluate the function of IFLs, alone or when exposure happens through soy intake, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability are critical issues to be considered in epidemiologic and clinical research. For this purpose precise, accurate, robust, fast, and affordable techniques for IFL analyses are required. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesoporous Carbon Materials with Ultra‐Thin Pore Walls and Highly Dispersed Nickel Nanoparticles
Authors: Fulvio Pasquale F. , Liang Chengdu , Dai Sheng , Jaroniec Mietek 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMesoporous carbon materials with ultra‐thin carbon pore walls and highly dispersed Ni nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by using two different SBA‐15 silicas as hard templates and 2,3‐dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) as a carbon precursor. The nickel precursor was a concentrated nickel nitrate hexahydrate [Ni(NO3)2·6H2O] solution in 2‐propanol, which was added to the carbon–silica nanocomposite prior to thermal treatment. The samples studied were analyzed by thermogravimetry (TG), nitrogen adsorption at –196 °C, powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and in situ electron diffraction X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). While TG analysis revealed carbon contents lower than 30 wt.‐%, nitrogen adsorption provided information about the homogeneity of the carbon thin film deposited onto the mesopore walls of the ordered silica templates SBA‐15. The templates, carbon–silica nanocomposites, and carbon inverse replicas with nickel nanoparticles exhibit uniform pores, high surface areas, and large pore volumes. Partially graphitic carbon was identified by the presence of a characteristic G band in the Raman spectra, whereas the diffraction peak attributed to the stacking of graphene planes was not observed by powder XRD. The presence of ordered domains in the carbon materials studied was confirmed by small angle XRD and STEM imaging. In addition, the STEM images revealed that the nickel nanoparticles are uniform in size, ca. 3 nm, and are homogeneously dispersed on the tubular carbon walls. A few larger clusters of nickel, ca. 60 nm, present on the external surface, were identified by powder XRD as metallic Ni. The in situ EDX revealed that the small nanoparticles are largely composed of Ni with traces of NiO. Similar nanoparticle dispersions have been reported only for Ni‐containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), whereas previously reported ordered mesoporous carbon materials, CMK‐3, possess larger Ni/NiO nanoparticles.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Assembly of Novel 2D and 3D Heterometallic SbIII–CuI Polymers Based on Antimony(III) Thiolates as Metallothiolato Ligands
Authors: Li Zhi‐Hua , Li Long‐Hua , Wu Li‐Ming , Du Shao‐Wu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA new type of neutral heterometallic SbIII–CuI thiolate coordination polymer has been synthesized under solvothermal conditions by using antimony(III) thiolates as metalloligands and CuSCN as the source of the second metal ion. Reaction of [Sb(edt)Cl] (1) (edt = ethane‐1,2‐dithiolate) with 1 equivalent of CuSCN affords [{Sb2(edt)2(μ3‐S)CuCl(CuSCN)}n] (2), which features a 2D layer consisted of –CuSCNCuSCN– chains and {Sb2(edt)2(μ3‐S)CuCl} units. During the reaction, 1 was converted into a sulfur‐bridged dimer Sb(edt)2S, which behaves simultaneously as a bridging and chelating ligand through all of its sulfur atoms to connect four Cu+ ions in the framework structure of 2. Replacement of Cl– in 1 with pymt– gives a new antimony(III) thiolate formulated as [Sb(edt)(pymt)] (3) (pymt = 2‐pyrimidinethiol), which was further treated with CuSCN to afford coordination polymers [{[Sb(edt)(pymt)]2(CuSCN)3}n] (4) and [{[Sb(edt)(pymt)](CuSCN)2}n] (5). In the assemblies of 4 and 5, the structure of 3 remains intact and the whole compound serves as a multidentate ligand through Sedt and Npymt atoms to Cu+ ions. Complex 4 also contains –CuSCNCuSCN– chains, which are linked by tridentate {Sb(edt)(pymt)} fragments to form a 2D polymer. Complex 5 is a 3D architecture with {Sb(edt)(pymt)} units acting as bidentate bridging ligand to link the (CuSCN)n layers and {(CuSCN)2}n columns. Complexes 2–5 showed optical transitions with band gaps of 2.66 to 3.41 eV, and their optical properties were studied by DFT calculations.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Chromogenic Chemosensors for N‐Acetylaspartate Based on Chiral Ferrocene‐Bearing Thiourea Derivatives
Authors: Qing Guang‐Yan , Sun Tao‐Lei , Wang Feng , He Yong‐Bing , Yang Xi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA series of chiral ferrocene‐containing thiourea derivatives have been synthesized, and their enantioselective recognition properties were investigated by UV/Vis titration. Receptors 5a and 6a exhibit excellent chiral recognition abilities towards N‐acetylaspartate. The differences in solution colour can be observed directly by the naked eye. The minimum energy structures of 5a and 6a were also obtained by theoretical DFT calculations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Regio‐ and Stereospecific Cleavage of Stannyloxiranes with Lithium Diphenylphosphide
Authors: González‐Nogal Ana M. , Cuadrado Purificación , Sarmentero M. Angeles 
Published: January 2009

AbstractUnsubstituted or C‐substituted stannyloxiranes reactedstereospecifically with lithium diphenylphosphide to give either β‐hydroxyphosphane oxides resulting from α‐opening or β‐phosphanyl ketones by β‐opening. Furthermore, the reactivities of distannyloxiranes depend on their configurations. The cis isomers afforded the corresponding α,β‐diphosphanyl alcohols, while the trans isomers were shown to be unreactive. On the other hand, the regiochemistry of the ring‐opening from β‐silyl‐stannyloxiranes is controlled by the tin group and, depending on the nature of the silyl group, led either to stereodefined β‐silylated vinylphosphane oxides or to β‐stannyl silyl enol ethers. Finally, the gem‐silyl‐stannyloxiranes underwent β‐opening to give mixtures of β‐phosphanyl acylsilanes and silyl enol ethers. All compounds are interesting synthons of great versatility in organic chemistry.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
NMR Enantiodiscrimination Phenomena by Quinine C9‐Carbamates
Authors: Uccello‐Barretta Gloria , Vanni Letizia , Balzano Federica 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSeveral C9‐carbamoyl derivatives of quinine have been prepared and compared as chiral solvating agents in NMR enantiodiscrimination experiments of amino acid derivatives. The origin of the enantiodiscrimination phenomena was identified by NMR conformational analysis of the chiral auxiliaries and investigations of solution complexation phenomena.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A Rosenbrock‐W method for real‐time dynamic substructuring and pseudo‐dynamic testing
Authors: Lamarche C. P. , Bonelli A. , Bursi O. S. , Tremblay R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA variant of the Rosenbrock‐W integration method is proposed for real‐time dynamic substructuring and pseudo‐dynamic testing. In this variant, an approximation of the Jacobian matrix that accounts for the properties of both the physical and numerical substructures is used throughout the analysis process. Only an initial estimate of the stiffness and damping properties of the physical components is required. It is demonstrated that the method is unconditionally stable provided that specific conditions are fulfilled and that the order accuracy can be maintained in the nonlinear regime without involving any matrix inversion while testing. The method also features controllable numerical energy dissipation characteristics and explicit expression of the target displacement and velocity vectors. The stability and accuracy of the proposed integration scheme are examined in the paper. The method has also been verified through hybrid testing performed of SDOF and MDOF structures with linear and highly nonlinear physical substructures. The results are compared with those obtained from the operator splitting method. An approach based on the modal decomposition principle is presented to predict the potential effect of experimental errors on the overall response during testing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A visual incompressible magneto‐hydrodynamics solver with radiation, mass, and heat transfer
Authors: Aslan Necdet 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA visual two‐dimensional (2D) nonlinear magneto‐hydrodynamics (MHD) code that is able to solve steady state or transient charged or neutral convection problems under the radiation, mass, and heat transfer effects is presented. The flows considered are incompressible and the divergence conditions on the velocity and magnetic fields are handled by similar relaxation schemes in the form of pseudo‐iterations between the real time levels. The numerical method utilizes a matrix distribution scheme that runs on structured or unstructured triangular meshes. The time‐dependent algorithm developed here utilizes a semi‐implicit dual time stepping technique with multistage Runge‐Kutta (RK) algorithm. It is possible for the user to choose different normalizations (natural, forced, Boussinesq, Prandtl, double‐diffusive and radiation convection) automatically. The code is visual and runs interactively with the user. The graphics algorithms work multithreaded and allow the user to follow certain flow features (color graphs, vector graphs, one‐dimensional profiles) during runs, see (Comput. Fluids 2007; 36:961–973) for details. With the code presented here nonlinear steady or time‐dependent evolution of heated and stratified neutral and charged liquids, convection of mixture of neutral and charged gases, double‐diffusive and salinity natural convection flows with internal heat generation/absorption and radiative heat transfer flows can be investigated. In addition, the numerical method (combining concentration, radiation, heat transfer, and MHD effects) takes the advantage of local time stepping and employs simplified residual jacobian matrix to increase pseudo‐convergence rate. This code is currently being improved to simulate three‐dimensional problems with parallel processing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alpine metamorphic and tectonic evolution of the Inzecca‐Ghisoni area (southern Alpine Corsica, France)
Authors: Garfagnoli Francesca , Menna Francesco , Pandeli Enrico , Principi Gianfranco 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn the Inzecca‐Ghisoni area (southern Alpine Corsica), a complex assemblage of vertically juxtaposed tectonic units, affected by Alpine deformations and metamorphism, crops out. Among them, there are some tectonic units (Parautochthonous Units, i. e. parautochtone of previous studies), that represent fragments of the continental Corse basement (Palaeozoic granitoids and associated volcanic and metamorphic pre‐Carboniferous rocks) and of its Mesozoic to Tertiary sedimentary cover, that are tectonically sliced between the allochthonous Ligurian‐Piedmontese Units (Schistes Lustrés) and the autochthonous basement (Variscan Corsica). The reconstructed polyphase deformation and metamorphic evolution of such units and the finding of high‐pressure/low‐temperature mineral assemblages in the continental‐derived tectonic slices, points to the involvement of the south‐eastern border of the European basement of Corsica in the tectonic processes linked to the Alpine subduction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intellectual activity and likelihood of subsequently improving or maintaining instrumental activities of daily living functioning in community‐dwelling older Japanese: a longitudinal study
Authors: Fujiwara Yoshinori , Chaves Paulo H. M. , Yoshida Hiroto , Amano Hidenori , Fukaya Taro , Watanabe Naoki , Nishi Mariko , Lee Sangyoon , Uchida Hayato , Shinkai Shoji 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo test the a priori hypothesis that increase or maintenance of the level of cognitive activity would be independently associated with a subsequent beneficial impact (i.e. improvement or maintenance) on instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) functioning.MethodsObservational study using 4‐year longitudinal data from 1477 community‐dwelling Japanese who were 66 years and older and living in Yoita town, a rural community located in the northwest along the Sea of Japan. Baseline assessment occurred in November 2000. Intellectual Activity and IADL were evaluated using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) Index of Competence.ResultsIncrease or maintenance of exposure to intellectual activities over a period of 2 years was associated with increased likelihood of better IADL functioning trajectory (i.e. improvement or stability) over the subsequent 2 years (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.03–2.56; p = 0.035), even after adjustment for major confounders.ConclusionThis study documented a longitudinal, independent association of exposure to intellectual activities with better IADL functioning over time. These findings provide preliminary support for promotion of exposure to intellectual activities among older adults as an opportunity to prevent disability in the older segment of the population. Assessment of public health programs targeting such an opportunity is warranted. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is the geriatric depression scale a reliable screening tool for depressive symptoms in elderly patients with cognitive impairment?
Authors: Debruyne Hans , Van Buggenhout Michael , Le Bastard Nathalie , Aries Marcel , Audenaert Kurt , De Deyn Peter Paul , Engelborghs Sebastiaan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the reliability of the 30‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐30) for the screening of depressive symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) as the ‘gold standard’.MethodsDiagnosed according to strictly applied clinical diagnostic criteria, patients with MCI (n = 156) and probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 247) were included. GDS‐30, CSDD, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Global Deterioration Scale were assessed in all patients at inclusion. The AD group was divided in three subgroups: mild AD (MMSE≥18) (n = 117), moderate AD (MMSE< 18 and ≥10) (n = 89) and severe AD (MMSE<10) (n = 38).ResultsIn MCI patients, moderate but highly significant correlations were found between GDS‐30 and CSDD scores (Pearson: r = 0.565; p < 0.001). In mildly (r = 0.294; p = 0.001), moderately (r = 0.273; p = 0.010) and severely (r = 0.348; p = 0.032) affected AD patients, only weak correlations between GDS‐30 and CSDD scores were calculated. ROC curve analysis showed that sensitivity and specificity values of respectively 95% and 67% were achieved when a GDS‐30 cut‐off score of 8 was applied in MCI patients. In AD patients, too low sensitivity and specificity values did not allow selecting an optimal cut‐off score by means of ROC curve analysis.ConclusionUsing the CSDD as ‘gold standard’, we demonstrated that the GDS‐30 is a reliable screening tool for depressive symptoms in MCI but not in AD patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive deficits in middle‐aged and older adults with bipolar disorder and cognitive complaints: Comparison with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Silva Dina , Santana Isabel , Couto Frederico Simões do , Maroco João , Guerreiro Manuela , de Mendonça Alexandre 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveCognitive impairment has been reported in elderly bipolar disorder (BD) patients, however, few studies have evaluated middle‐aged and older BD patients using standardized cognitive assessments and none (to our knowledge) analysed middle‐aged and older BD patients with recent cognitive complaints. The main objective of this study is to characterize the cognitive deficits of middle‐aged and older patients with BD and compare them with the common age‐related cognitive deficits observed in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).MethodsFor this retrospective study, a systematic search for all cases of BD patients submitted to a neuropsychological assessment from 1999–2007, at participant institutions, was performed, and cases were matched (1:2) by gender and age to a sample of MCI subjects.ResultsA total sample of 135 patients, 45 patients with the diagnosis of BD, clinically stable, mean age of 63.8 ± 8.8 years, and 90 patients with the diagnosis of MCI, mean age of 64.2 ± 8.4 years, was studied. Patients with MCI were more impaired in verbal memory, whereas BD patients showed more deficits in attention, motor initiative, calculation and verbal abstraction. Interestingly, discriminant analysis classified about half of the BD group as belonging to the MCI group. This BD subgroup showed deficits in episodic memory similar to MCI patients.ConclusionsPatients with BD and patients with MCI have distinct profiles of cognitive impairment. A subgroup of BD patients with recent cognitive complaints may actually suffer from concomitant incipient MCI, and this finding may have diagnostic and therapeutical implications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.