bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selecting and Training Offshore Installation Managers
Authors: Flin R. H. , Slaven G. M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The Mineral Workings (Offshore Installations) Act 1971 requires the appointment of an offshore installation manager (OIM) for UKCS installations. The regulations give the OIM general responsibility for safety, health and welfare and for maintaining discipline and order on the installation. At the present level of offshore activity (July, 1991), it is estimated that 400 - 500 OIMs are currently working on UKCS installations. There has been little if any formal research into the selection and training of OIMs or into the day to day demands of this managerial position. This paper presents preliminary data from a survey of the OIMs on the UKCS, which was designed to collect details of experience, training, work schedules, job responsibilities and perceptions of job satisfactions and hassles.
Staff Development in Health, Safety, and Environment: An Approach to Management
Authors: Bentley P. D. , Clarke C. , Visser J. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Senior management in the Royal Dutch/Shell Group of companies recognise that the management of Health, Safety and Environment is an essential factor for long-term success.
While there has always been a recognition of the responsibility to manage the hazards of the business, Shell companies saw a need in the early 1980s to raise the level of effort given to the important task of safety management. To this end, the exploration and production function of Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij (SIPM-EP) actively sought advice from a number of sources, particularly Du Pont in developing and then implementing a programme of "Enhanced Safety Management" (ESM).
Underpinning the ESM programme was a clear management policy, which may broadly be paraphrased as follows: - Safety and productivity have the same priority within Shell, and should be managed in the same manner. To quote John Jennings, the Group managing director who in 1990 was responsible for E&P, " … safety performance of companies is an absolutely reliable manifestation of good management." This belief resulted from inter company comparisons of both safety and business performance which tended to show that the most efficient companies had the best safety performances and vice versa.
In order to encourage and promote the implementation of ESM, an approach was developed to assist management of operating companies world-wide in their endeavours to implement ESM in the work-place.
It has become apparent, as we have progressed in the development of the SIPM safety culture, that the same management techniques used in ESM are equally applicable to the areas of environmental matters and occupational health. The more focussed task of managing the current HSE issues and those that arise as the industry progresses into the twenty-first century require that the staff charged with this responsibility should have a sound technical background and broad experience credentials.
The development of staff to meet the above-stated needs is the subject of this paper. The approach of seconding senior, high-potential line staff to HSE assignments is addressed and the importance of this broadening, both to the individual and to SIPM, is explained. The development and role of HSE professionals is identified in relation to line seconded staff. At the conclusion of the paper there is a future outlook for the HSE professional and for the line professional attached to the HSE department.
Nonradioactive Densitometer for Continuous Monitoring of Cement Mixing Process
Authors: Benabdelkarim M. , Galiana C. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
In the cement mixing process, the key parameter to be controlled is density. This measurement is currently provided by a radioactive densitometer due to its ease of installation and non intrusiveness This paper covers the application of a Coriolis mass flowmeter which provides an excellent density measurement of cement slurry, thus avoiding safety and environmental problems linked to the use of radioactive material.
Opportunities To Reduce Risks Associated With Nuclear Logging Techniques
Authors: Wraight P. D. , Robinson E. , de Fleurieu R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Nuclear logging provides petroleum exploration and production companies with data that are critical to their decisions and operations. Because this type data is so important, environmentally conscious well-logging and service companies areconstantly reviewingthe risks to people and environment associated with nuclear sources with the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle in mind. Opportunities to additionally reduce risks, which can be accomplished only with the active involvement of oil companies, are proposed in this paper.
Radiation Safety and Environment for Measurement-While-Drilling: A Different Approach
Authors: Kurkoski P. L. , Holenka J. M. , Evans M. L. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A new approach, loading a logging source down through the center of a measurement-while-drilling (MWD) collar, offers features that address both radiation safety and environmental issues. This technique reduces crew exposure, allows for safe and timely procedures on the rig floor, and enables fishing of the sources should the bottomhole assembly (BHA) have to be abandoned. After the sources are fished, actions to recover the BHA, abandon the BHA or sidetrack the well are not restricted by the presence of these logging sources.
The new source handling approach includes: - A fishable dual source assembly.The gamma ray source and the neutron source are mechanically linked together. This permits them to be simultaneously loaded, unloaded or fished if the BHA becomes stuck.- An integrated collar/shield design.The dual source assembly is loaded directly through its transport shield into the drill collar. At no time is the source unshielded on the rig floor. This reduces the total source loading time and minimizes crew exposure, resulting in a safe and timely operation.- Auxiliary safety equipment.In the event that a source cannot be unloaded after the job is finished, collar shields are clamped into place for safe handling and transport of the collar.- Source security and integrity.The risk of erosion due to mud flow against the source receptacle is quantified. Tests conducted show no erosion problems at rated flow rates with up to 3% fracture sand by volume in the mud.
The system has been tested extensively in the laboratory and in the field for both fishability and erosion resistance, and has proven to an efficient and reliable approach.
Life Cycle Design Safety
Authors: Waterfall K. W. , Stockley J. D. , Bentley P. D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In the Royal Dutch/Shell Group of companies safety management is seen to be a primary business objective having equal priority with production, in the decision making process. This position is however the result of a changing cultural approach over the last decade or so which has received an increase in prominence following major incidents in the exploration and production (E&P) industry. It is company policy that management ensures that work does not start before essential safety systems are in place and that operations must be suspended when safety cannot be ensured.
Well structured systems and controls for decision making of financial and production aspects of the business have been in existence for many years. Industry has however, only had crude tools for measurement of safety performance and its tools for hazard assessment, though detailed, have often lacked a coherent framework to relate them to each other and to an overall management control of safety both in design and operation.
In safety techniques, the focus of attention has increasingly been placed on the human causes of accidents, as incident analyses continue to reveal the predominance of organisational deficiencies over equipment defects.
Safety Strategies: Areas of Weakness
Authors: Cane R. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Safety strategies are put in place to prevent accidents, minimise their impact and remedy consequences. Reviewing both hardware and software strategies, the areas where E and P is weakest are judged to be related to human behaviour. The problem is traced to the psychology of concept formation. Solutions are demonstrably achievable and are largely embodied in the Enhanced Safety Management programme. Some gaps nevertheless exit and, in Shell Todd Oil Services Ltd (STOS), these are being identified in the programme for Safety Pathogen Auditing, Containment and Elimination (SPACE). The outcome of this programme is argued to be improvement in the quality of safety management, thereby achieving improved performance without additional time or resources.
Critical Human and Organizational Factors: Considerations for Design and Operation of Petrochemical Plants
Authors: Meshkati N. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Causes of accidents at petrochemical plants in developed and developing countries are reviewed. In several studies, many serious accidents have primarily been attributed to operator error. However, further investigations have revealed that a majority of these incidents were caused by a combination of many factors, most notably the lack of human and organizational factors considerations. It is concluded that system accidents are the result of the way the system parts — engineered and human — fit together and interact On many occasions, the error and the resultant failures are both the attribute and the effect of a multitude of factors such as bad workstation and workplace designs, complicated operational processes, unbalanced workload, unsafe conditions, faulty maintenance, disproportionate attention to production, ineffective training, lack of motivation and experiential knowledge, non-responsive managerial systems, poor planning, non-adaptive organizational structures, rigid job-based pay systems, haphazard response systems, and sudden environmental disturbances. Recommendations for improving safety at the design and operating stages of petrochemical plants in developed and (additional recommendations for) developing countries are provided.
Application of Hazop Techniques for Maintenance Safety on Offshore Installations
Authors: Raman J. R. , Gargett A. , Warner D. C. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The Hazard and Operability (Hazop) technique has been well developed and applied in process flowsystems for identifying potential deviations from design intent and developing both hardware and procedural solutions to counter such deviations. Hazop studies are now routinely carried out on topside designs.
An examination of incidents on offshore oil and gas platforms indicates that a breakdown in operating or maintenance procedures caused by human error, inadequate procedures, or changed conditionson deck has been a significant contributor in several incidents. Preventive actions have traditionally focused on tightening up procedures and reinforcement of training.
If the philosophy of Hazop were applied to maintenance procedures, it would be possible to anticipate specific potential deviations, procedural failures and human errors that could result in serious incidents. New procedures could be developed, existing procedures modified, and where necessary,work practices could be changed, or hardware modifications could be effected to eliminate certain work practices. Such an approach becomes all the more important with the spate of new technologies introduced in each new platform design.
This paper provides a framework for applying Hazop techniques to maintenance procedures on offshore oil and gas platforms. A combination of human error analysis and Hazop prompt words would assist in the identification of non-recoverable errors in implementing the work permit system, preparation for maintenance, maintenance activities themselves, handover and restart The elimination or mitigation against non-recoverable errors would significantly help in improving maintenance safety.
The Use of Helicopters in the Evacuation of Offshore Platforms in the North Sea
Authors: Ginn M. C. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
While paradoxically rarely mentioned in legislation, helicopters represent the preferred and safest method of platform evacuation, provided they are available In the North Sea, both commercial and official helicopters are used, and they would only be ineffective due to weather on less than 3% of occasions. The evacuation of 6 typical North Sea platforms was simulated by computer, and in the worst cases the platforms saw offshore based machines in action within one hour, joined by shore based helicopters in the second hour, with evacuation complete inside 3 hours. Recent precautionary evacuations where helicopters were used support the simulation results. These methods can be used by platform operators in evaluating evacuation as part of formal safety assessments.
Health, Safety, and Environmental Auditing in the E&P Industry
Authors: Sexton K. , Visser K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper gives an overview of the development of auditing within the field of Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) management in the E&P industry. Auditing of these aspects of the business is relatively recent, and the adoption of formal audit programmes is increasingly regarded as an essential element of the HSE management programme. Auditing provides assurance that internal controls are working effectively, and provides vital information for system improvement. An overview will be given of the transitional phases that the HSE auditing process has been through; the factors that have influenced those developments; and some views on potential future developments.
The Use of Safety Audits: A UK Sector Operator's Experience
Authors: Waldram I. M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
It is now widely recognised that implementation of an effective safety policy must include arrangements for auditing and feedback to the policy maker. In the E&P industry safety audits should cover the whole range of activities, from exploration to production, and including the specialist contractors widely employed. Audit schemes can be developed internally, or purchased as a "package". The development of a comprehensive audit policy is described, and a range of audit techniques are reviewed. The use of these techniques is described with special reference to drilling, diving and offshore construction in the UK sector of the North Sea.
The Assessment of Design Fire Cases on Offshore Installations Using Process Analysis Method
Authors: Dalzell G. A. , Melville G. S. , Valand R. , Forrest M. W. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The Inquiry into the Piper Alpha disaster chaired by Lord Cullen, highlighted the short-comings of a prescriptive approach to safety and in particular, those of fire protection.
This paper describes a method of critically analysing the process sections and areas to determine the worst fire conditions which could occur following a hydrocarbon release. The results of the analyses would be used as the basis for fire protection design on a new platform or for assessing the adequacy of the protection on an existing installation thus allowing designers to adopt the "goal setting" approach advocated in the Inquiry, ie. designing systems to suit the fire hazards rather than to suit the regulations. It will also enable process engineers to appreciate the scale of fire hazards which might arise from poor design.
The method is developed along the following lines: Assumptions are made about damage to plant, emergency shutdown valves and possible loss of depressurisation.The potential fires are examined as a function of inventories.The size of largest fire and duration of smallest significant fire are determined.Locations, release rates and fire types are identified.Fire characteristics from external burning are also reviewed.
Examples of potential applications of the analysis are demonstrated.
Worldwide Auditing of Aircraft Charter Operators
Authors: Browne R. W. H. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper is to introduce the subject of Aircraft Operator audits to those for whom this may be a new topic - and for those of you who are familiar with the concept hopefully this will put a little more flesh on the bones of your knowledge.
First of all it is important to define some of the terms and simultaneously the scope of this brief presentation. You will notice the title refers to worldwide auditing and I think we can say that my Company activity is truly worldwide, visiting very many countries and supporting the activities of companies all over our International Group.
The definition of audit is always good for a healthy debate but let me explain that we refer to a process of acquiring information by close research, question, examination and observation on all aspects of an aircraft operator business and comparing those findings to standards which are required for our operations.
Charter and Corporate Aviation Safety
Authors: Ashford R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The paper illustrates the continual improvements in aviation safety and analyses the generic causes of fatal accidents. It argues that further improvements are needed in the safety of commuter aeroplanes, small twin-engined aeroplanes and helicopters and discusses areas where it is proposed that steps can be taken.
The development and role of the European Joint Aviation Authorities are described together with the influence of the European Community. The situation in Europe post-1992 is discussed, outlining the advantages to industry, progress towards a "level playing field" and some of the remaining problems to be resolved.
Characteristics and Possibilities of Some Techniques for De-Oiling of Production Water
Authors: van den Broek W. M. G. T. , Plat R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper discusses briefly a number of separation techniques for the treatment of water produced during oil production and gives some advantages and drawbacks. Plate separation and centrifugation are subject to investigation in our laboratory; these techniques are treated in more detail. The characteristic parameters "critical oil droplet diameter" and "separator capacity" are defined, and for both plate separation and centrifugation an example of a calculation with these parameters is given. Furthermore some results of laboratory experiments are presented. Finally, ideas for improving both the plate separation technique and the centrifugation technique are discussed. It is expected that critical oil droplet diameters of about 10 μm (plate separation) and less than 1 μm (centrifugation) are achievable.
Environmental Performance Management: The Next Step
Authors: Kwant J. W. H. , Grant R. O. H. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the environmental programme developed by Shell U.K. Exploration and Production (EXPR0) aiming at a continuous improvement of its environmental performance. The company operates a total of 33 platforms in the North Sea and has 3 land based gas treatment plants. The paper, therefore, relates mainly to the offshore environment.
The programme is driven by adopting a goal setting policy. The plan was initiated mid 1990 when an inventory was made of all gaseous emissions, liquid effluents and solid waste discharges of EXPR0, soperations during 1989. This baseline was used to identify the largest waste streams and to set priorities for the subsequent improvement programme. Areas for improvement are: atmospheric emissions from venting, flaring and the use of Freons and Halons, the use of Oil Based Mud (0BM), producedwater and the disposal of industrial waste. The programme has gained momentum and targets have been set.
Onshore Water Disposal in the Netherlands: Environmental and Legal Developments
Authors: Marquenie J. M. , Kamminga G. , Koop H. , Elferink T. O. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the development of legal and environmental aspects concerning water disposal from onshore mining activities in the Netherlands. The study is based on an existing complex situation consisting of a producing oil field and several sweet and sour gas fields. Production water is injected into the main water drive area under the oil reservoir and into a depleted gas reservoir.
Developments in legislation formed the framework for this study. An Environmental Impact Assessment was required as part of the process of permit application. The most difficult aspect was the continuous changes in legislation in relation to an on-going technical development.
The existing mode of operation, which was injection of production water, turned out to cause the least environmental impact.
Monitoring of Fugitive Hydrocarbon Emissions Using Open-Path Infra-Red Sensors
Authors: Skippon S. M. , Roberts I. R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
To enable accurate assessments to be made of the environmental impact of exploration and production operations, it is necessary to be able to accurately monitor the emission of various contaminants from operational installations. Monitoring of atmospheric emissions has proved difficult with conventional technology. A new measurement system is described which makes use of an array of open-path infra-red absorption sensors to measure the distribution of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere on and around an installation. The system has been developed from earlier work on flammable gas detection, but much higher sensitivities are achieved by using a novel signal-processing scheme. The measurement system is described and results of trials at an operational installation are presented.
The Use of Environmental Assessments in the Brae Field Development
Authors: Grogan W. C. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper reviews the principle environmental aspects associated with North Sea offshore oil and gas development and through the case history of Marathon Oil UK's Brae Field Development illustrates the scope and function of environmental assessments as applied to offshore developments. Details of the approach taken are described including the chronological evolution of the scope and aims of individual assessments. Examples of discharge inventory preparation, effluent and receiving environment monitoring programmes, audits and inspections and procedures are described. The role of these components in the development of environmental management systems is discussed.
Quality Assurance when Documenting Chemical Hazards to Health and Environment
Authors: Guttormsen R. , Modahl S. I. , Tufto P. A. , Buset H. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
In a joint project between The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD), The State Pollution Control Agency (SFT) and. Conoco Norway Inc (CNI) we have evaluated the use of quality assurance principles in connection with development and distribution of information about chemicals.
Assuring quality of the documentation is first of all depending on: -the work in international organizations;-the content of national and international guidelines and criteria documents;-the use of product registers;-activities in manufacturers’ organizations;-the role of importers and agents.
These are aspects which have been evaluated.
Recommendations are given concerning: -definition of responsibilities in regulations, standards and guidelines;-feedback of experience and coordination through international work;-application of quality assurance principles in the use of information technology in international organizations and in manufacturers’s organizations;-use of quality assurance principles in validation of data.
The project has in particular been given input from the following organizations: WHO through the IPCS program, DuPont, Dyno, IRPTC, ILO through the CIS organization, and Norwegian and Danish product registers.