bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergence of a particle Monte Carlo algorithm for scalar conservation laws
Authors: Towers John D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The subject of this paper is a Monte Carlo algorithm for scalar conservation laws proposed in
[L. Pareschi and M. Seaïd,
A new Monte Carlo approach for conservation laws and relaxation systems,
Computational Science—ICCS 2004. Part II,
Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. 3037,
Springer, Berlin 2004, 276–283].
The algorithm is a stochastic particle method based on a probabilistic interpretation of the Jin–Xin relaxation formulation
of conservation laws.
We prove convergence as the number of particles approaches infinity, and the spatial and temporal mesh sizes approach zero,
assuming that the number of particles approaches infinity at a rate sufficiently high compared to
the rate that the mesh size approaches zero. For the case where the solution can take either sign, our version of the algorithm is novel. We present two numerical examples as evidence of convergence.
Silicon-based all-optical wavelength converter for on-chip optical interconnection
Authors: Liu Shuhong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study of silicon-based all-optical wavelength converters (SAOWCs) for on-chip optical interconnect applications holds potential research value and application horizons. The study proposes a SAOWC for on-chip optical interconnect technology. It also designs and optimizes an all-optical wavelength converter based on a quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier and a Mach-Zönder interferometer in conjunction with photonic integrated circuit technology. The interlayer coupling efficiency is simulated by the finite-difference time-domain method, and the performance of the system is verified in conjunction with experiments. The experimental results showed that the coupling efficiency was as high as 98.44% at 1,550 nm wavelength. The bit error rate (BER) test results showed that the BER rose from 10−17 to 10−4 when the pulse width increased from 0.1 to 1.0 ps. Meanwhile, the temperature fluctuation and signal strength degradation tests further validated the stability of the device under different operating conditions. These results demonstrate that the converter has significant potential to enhance data transmission capability. The study provides a valuable reference for further improving and optimizing data transmission over all-optical networks, which is expected to promote scientific advancement and technological applications in this field.
Numerical study of effect of the casing slot on the tip leakage vortex and vortex cavitation of a fuel pump
Authors: Zhang Ting , Gao Xi , Li Huacong , Hao Xinyu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to suppress the tip leakage vortex and cavitation of fuel pump by using the casing slot. The flow fields of the blades with different casing slots were studied by numerical simulation under the conditions of no cavitation and cavitation respectively. The results show that the loss with leakage vortex cavitation increases by 37 % compared with the condition without cavitation. Under cavitation conditions, the optimal scheme is c6 scheme, and the loss is reduced by 9.3 %. The tip leakage vortex and vortex cavitation can be effectively reduced by casing slot. Under the condition of no cavitation, the tip leakage flow loss can be effectively reduced by the casing slot in a wide range of axial positions. After the casing slot is applied, the shape of the blade tip leakage vortex is significantly changed, the size of the leakage vortex is significantly reduced, and the loss is reduced. Under cavitation conditions, the casing slot can also effectively improve the tip flow field and inhibit leakage vortex cavitation. In a wide range of axial positions, the casing slot can effectively inhibit leakage vortex cavitation.
Using Parks and Recreation Providers to Enhance Obesity Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Armstrong Sarah C. , Neshteruk Cody D. , Li Jennifer S. , Kraus William E. , Shah Svati , Story Mary , Zucker Nancy , Jones Jason , Perrin Eliana M. , Zizzi Alexandra R. , Burrows Joshua , Wagner Brooke E. , Windom McAllister , Truong Tracy , Hong Hwanhee , Skinner Asheley C. 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE
Intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment (IHBLT) is recommended for children aged 6–18 years with obesity. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of Fit Together, a health care and parks and recreation partnership to deliver IHBLT.

METHODS
A randomized controlled trial was conducted from 2018 to 2021. Youths (aged 5–17 years) with obesity were recruited from primary care clinics and randomized to a waitlist control or Fit Together (ie, clinical obesity care plus group-based lifestyle sessions at a local recreation center). Primary outcomes, child body mass index relative to the 95th percentile (BMIp95) and submaximal heart rate, were collected at baseline and 6 months. Generalized estimating equation models were used to assess changes in primary outcomes for those affected and not affected by COVID-19 study disruptions.

RESULTS
Participants (n = 255) had a mean (SD) age of 10.0 (3.0) years, were 39% Hispanic, and were 38% non-Hispanic Black. Intervention youths not affected by COVID-19 disruptions experienced a significant decrease in BMIp95 (β = −3.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], −5.08 to −1.01) compared with controls. There was no difference in BMIp95 between intervention and control youths affected by COVID-19 disruptions (β = −3.25; 95% CI, −7.98 to 1.48). For the entire cohort, intervention youths had a significant decrease in BMIp95 compared with control youths (β = −3.32; 95% CI, −5.69 to −0.96). Submaximal heart rate was only available for the nondisrupted group, but there was no difference between intervention and control youths (β = −7.18; 95% CI, −16.12 to 1.76).

CONCLUSION
Effective child obesity treatment can be implemented in local communities through a partnership between clinical practices and parks and recreation providers. Future research will explore this model in combination with newer, more effective obesity treatments.
RNA-Binding Protein Lgals3, Ferroptosis, and Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Chen Lijia , Ye Zehua , Yang Songyuan , Xie Jinna , Li Haoyong , Zhou Xiangjun , Cheng Fan 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome characterized by a precipitous decline in kidney function, posing a significant threat to patient survival. The role of RNA binding protein (RBP) in AKI remains insufficiently understood and we found an important RBP, Lgals3, that may mediate the progress of AKI.

Methods:
Lgals3-/- mice, Nr4a1-/- mice and cross-linking immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing were performed to examine the role of Lgals3 in AKI and the targeted binding proteins.

Results:
Lgals3 expression was notably elevated in vivo and in vitro AKI models. Inhibition of Lgals3 mitigated kidney injury in both in vivo and in vitro AKI models. Conversely, kidney-specific overexpression of Lgals3 exacerbated kidney damage. Mechanistically, Lgals3 bound to the 3’-untranslated region of Nr4a1 via AAUAAA, resulting in upregulation of Nr4a1 and subsequent enhancement of Bap1 transcription, facilitating ferroptosis in AKI. Moreover, knockout of Nr4a1 or inhibition of the region of AAUAAA by antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) conferred protection against Lgals3-induced ferroptosis in AKI models.

Conclusions:
Lgals3 contributed to kidney injury by binding to the 3’UTR region of Nr4a1 via AAUAAA, leading to the activation of ferroptosis.
Citizens' smartphones unravel earthquake shaking in urban areas
Authors: Finazzi Francesco , Cotton Fabrice , Bossu Rémy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Seismic shaking maps (known as ShakeMaps) have become an essential tool for assessing the impact of a recent earthquake or for scenario studies of future earthquakes. However, the spatial resolution of ShakeMaps remains low, particularly in urban areas where spatial variations can have a major impact on damage due to varying population density. The ubiquity of smartphones in these areas offers the opportunity to increase the density of seismic recordings precisely where the potential impact of the earthquake may be greatest. Here, it is shown that vibration data recorded by citizen’s smartphones in the red zone of Campi Flegrei, Italy, allows us to map local amplifications of seismic movements and to produce locally calibrated seismic ground-motions prediction models and high-resolution ShakeMaps of peak ground acceleration. The proposed method merges conventional seismological and crowdsourced smartphone data, integrating the uncertainties and peculiarities of each type of data. The integration of smartphone data enables the mapping of spatial variations in seismic amplification that show values between 2.83 and 0.25 with respect to the average amplification in the red zone. Consequently, about 19.4% of the population and about 24% of the buildings in the red zone are exposed to an amplification higher than 1.5.
Increasing phosphorus limitation with tree age in tropical forests
Authors: Hu Nan , Mao Qinggong , Zheng Liang , Sun Xibin , Hong Yixue , Yang Yi , Chen Jiarong , Chen Hao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims Phosphorus (P) availability commonly limits the growth of tropical plants, yet how this limitation changes with tree age remains uncertain.Methods Here we investigated the effect of tree age on P limitation in a tropical forest by examining three functional plant groups: fast-growing, slow-growing, and nitrogen (N)-fixing tree species. We measured leaf N and P resorption efficiency (NRE and PRE), and used the ratio of PRE to NRE (PRE:NRE) as an indicator of plant P limitation.Results Our results revealed a significant increase in both PRE and PRE:NRE with tree age across all functional plant groups, indicating a widespread intensification of P limitation as plants mature. Furthermore, such increase in P limitation was more pronounced in slow-growing and N-fixing species compared to fast-growing species.Conclusions These findings underscore the crucial role of tree age in influencing P limitation in tropical forests, a factor that should be incorporated into terrestrial biogeochemical models, which have traditionally overlooked this effect.
A chemical mechanism explaining the observed wintertime HCl in the Antarctic vortex
Authors: Grooß Jens Uwe , Müller Rolf , Crowley John , Hegglin Michaela 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

It is well established that the drastic ozone loss in the Antarctic
stratosphere, commonly known as the ozone hole, is caused by
gas-phase and heterogeneous processes. Chemistry models generally
reproduce observed ozone depletion reasonable well. However, models
have been unable to reproduce observations of rapid HCl depletion at the
beginning of the polar winter. Here we examine the impact of the
heterogeneous reaction between Cl2O2 and HCl to form HOOCl and its
subsequent photolysis on chlorine compounds. A chemical mechanism with
these reactions added is able to clearly better reproduce the observed
temporal development of the chlorine compounds HCl, ClONO2, ClO, and HOCl
in the polar vortex lower stratosphere.
The proposed chemical mechanism does moderately increase the chemical
ozone column depletion, about 10% in the lower stratospheric vortex core
in September. Laboratory measurements of the proposed reactions are needed
to confirm this mechanism.
The change of matching between T1 slope and cervical lordosis after anterior and posterior reconstruction surgeries for patients with multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a retrospective study.
Authors: Liu Tao , Zhi Zhongzheng , Pan Weicheng , Zhou Fuchao , Zhang Rongcheng , Kang Jian , He Zhimin , Qiu Shuiqiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To compare the matching changes between T1 slope (T1S) and cervical lordosis (CL) in patients with multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) after anterior and posterior reconstruction surgeries.
Methods
134 patients with multilevel CSM and a T1S-CLvalue<20° were enrolled from the medical records spanning 2015 to 2020. The anterior group comprised 69 patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), or discectomy combined corpectomy hybrid technique. The posterior group included 65 patients who received laminoplasty (LAMP), or laminectomy with fusion (LF). This study retrospectively analyzed perioperative parameters including clinical parameters (Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, visual analogue scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI) ) and radiologic parameters (T1 slope, cervical lordosis, C2-7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA)). A P-value less than 0.05 was considered the threshold for statistical significance.
Results
The average follow-up time was 28.6 months. Prior to surgery, there were no significant differences in factors between two groups (P﹥0.05). Postoperatively, while the JOA scores were similar between groups (P﹥0.05), the anterior group showed significantly lower in NDI, VAS, perioperative parameters and incidences of complications (P﹤0.001). Significant changes were observed in each group for T1S, CL, C2-7 SVA and T1S-CL (P﹤0.001). Preoperatively, in anterior group, significant correlations were identified between T1S-CL and T1S, CL and C2-7 SVA (P<0.05). In posterior group, significant correlations were observed between T1S-CL and T1S, CL and C2-7 SVA (P<0.05). Following surgery, in anterior group, the correlations persisted between T1S-CL and T1S, CL and C2-7 SVA (P<0.05). In posterior group, the correlations between T1S-CL and T1S, and CL were not significant(P>0.05), while the correlation between T1S-CL and C2-7 SVA was significant(P<0.001). The comparative analysis of parameter changes between anterior and posterior groups revealed no significant difference in the changes of T1S and C2-7 SVA (P>0.05), whereas significant differences were observed in the changes of C2-7 lordosis and T1S-CL (P<0.001).
Conclusion
Anterior reconstruction surgery can improve or optimize the matching of T1S-CL, while a mismatch of T1S-CL is more likely to occur after posterior surgery, potentially leading to cervical sagittal malalignment and imbalance in patients with multilevel CSM.
Renal response and safety in real world of bortezomib treatment in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients with renal impairment
Authors: CHEN Chen , DONG Yan , QI Jian , WANG Juandong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

AIMS: Our objective was to explore the renal efficacy and safety of bortezomib-based treatment in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients with Renal impairment (RI).
METHODS: We retrospective evaluated NDMM patients with RI at the Second Hospital of Shandong University between between January 2019 and December 2022.RI was defined as having a estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2.
RESULTS: There were 28 patients inclused, and the mean eGFR was 24.40mL/min/1.73 m2. All patients received a total of 77 courses of bortezomib-based therapy, and 87.01% regimens were three-drug combinations. The renal responce rates were 67.86%, 76.19%, 75.00%, and 76.92% from the first to forth courses, respectively, and the mean time to achieve renal complete response was 1.33 months.In the moderate reduction in eGFR group, the renal CR rates were 75.00%(6/8), 100.00%(5/5), 100.00%(2/2), and 100.00%(2/2) from the first to forth courses, respectively. In the severe reduction in eGFR group, the renal CR rates were 75.00%(9/12), 62.50%(5/8), 71.43%(5/7), and 66.67%(4/6) from the first to forth courses, respectively. In the renal failure or end-stage renal disease group, the renal CR rates were 50.00%(4/8), 62.50%(5/8), 85.71%(6/7), and 80.00%(4/5) from the first to forth courses, respectively.Median follow-up time of all patients was 14 months.Early death occurred in 5 patients(17.86%). There was no difference in OS between patients in different renal stage. The highest incidence of adverse events was lung infection, followed by neutropenia and thrombocytopenia.
CONCLUSIONS:Bortezomib-based regimens had good short-term renal efficacy and safety in the treatment of MM patients with RI.
Does Social Trust weaken the information rent-seeking of environmental responsibility?
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Lv Xinyi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Social trust is crucial for effective information transparency. Using the demonstration city for building a social credit system in China as a quasi-natural experiment, our results indicate that an improved social credit environment reduces the intensity of environmental information disclosure by enterprises while enhancing their substantive green innovation. This effect may be attributed to the reduced ability of enterprises to engage in environmental information rent-seeking for additional bank loans.
JEL Classification code: F239；F27；F49
Transcriptomic profiles of Crandell-Rees feline kidney cells infected with Varicellovirus felidalpha-1 (FHV-1) field and vaccine strains
Authors: Kwan Emily , Legione Alistair R. , Hartley Carol A. , Devlin Joanne M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Varicellovirus felidalpha-1 (FHV-1, previously Felid alphaherpesvirus-1) is a significant cause of upper respiratory tract disease in feline populations. Cats infected with FHV-1 show clinical signs that vary in severity. This can be due to differences in host responses and virus strain virulence. Investigating the gene transcription profiles during infections using FHV-1 strains could inform our understanding of host and viral factors contributing to disease outcomes. This study characterised the transcriptomes of Crandell–Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells infected with field or vaccine FHV-1 strains to better understand the host response during infection.
Methods
Crandell–Rees feline kidney cells were infected with either the FHV-1 Feligen vaccine strain or the 384/75 field strain associated with severe disease. The transcriptomes were characterised using RNA-sequencing. To determine the host cellular transcription profile, the total transcripts were mapped to the cat genome and compared to uninfected cells. To characterise the viral transcription profile, the total reads were mapped to each FHV-1 strain. The differentially expressed host genes between infection strains were compared and further analysed using the PANTHER database to examine host pathway regulation.
Results
The findings in this study show the differential host gene expressions induced by FHV-1 compared to uninfected CRFK cells. Genes encoding histone proteins were upregulated, while genes involved in cell adhesion and migration processes were downregulated during infections with FHV-1. Comparative analysis between field and vaccine strains showed similarities and differences in host gene expressions. Notably, upregulated genes unique to the field strain were associated with regulatory proteins involved in the cell cycle, while downregulated host genes in field and vaccine strains showed distinct host gene and pathway expressions involved in immune activation.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates the host and viral gene expressions during FHV-1 infection shows the distinct host responses to field and vaccine strains using an in vitro model. These findings provide a foundation for future transcriptomic investigations in other cell types, including ex-vivo explants systems, to enhance our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and viral pathogenesis that may inform future vaccine attenuation studies.
Assessment of Bacterial Resistance and Soil Quality Parameters in Glyphosate-Treated Agricultural Irrigation Areas
Authors: Souza Karolayne Silva , Silva Milena Roberta Freire , Candido Manoella Almeida , Torres Gabriela Lima , Felix Kátia Cilene Silva , Silva Kaline Catiely Campos , Filho Ricardo Marques Nogueira , Santos Milena Danda Vasconcelos , Araújo Lívia Caroline Alexandre , Motteran Fabricio , Oliveira Maria Betânia Melo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

This study evaluates bacterial resistance and soil quality parameters in agricultural irrigation areas using glyphosate, focusing on the Icó-Mandantes and Apolônio Sales projects in Petrolândia, Pernambuco. The research investigated the physicochemical characteristics of the soil, such as density, particle size composition, pH, and nutrient levels (P, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al). Soil samples were collected and analyzed to identify the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The results show that, although the physicochemical parameters are within acceptable standards, there is a significant presence of resistant bacteria, especially Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Bacillus cereus, and Enterobacter cloacae. The predominance of multi-resistant bacteria suggests that the continuous use of glyphosate may promote bacterial resistance, posing a risk to public health and agricultural sustainability. Therefore, the study highlights the need for more sustainable agricultural practices and continuous monitoring of glyphosate's effects on soil.
The impact of ambient contamination on demultiplexing methods for single-nucleus multiome experiments
Authors: Li Terence , Alvarez Marcus , Liu Cuining , Abuhanna Kevin , Sun Yu , Ernst Jason , Plath Kathrin , Balliu Brunilda , Luo Chongyuan , Zaitlen Noah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Sample multiplexing has become an increasingly common design choice in droplet-based single-nucleus multi-omic sequencing experiments to reduce costs and remove technical variation. Genotype-based demultiplexing is one popular class of methods that was originally developed for single-cell RNA-seq, but has not been rigorously benchmarked in other assays, such as snATAC-seq and joint snRNA/snATAC assays, especially in the context of variable ambient RNA/DNA contamination. To address this, we develop ambisim, a genotype-aware read-level simulator that can flexibly control ambient molecule proportions and generate realistic joint snRNA/snATAC data. We use ambisim to evaluate demultiplexing methods across several important parameters: doublet rate, number of multiplexed donors, and coverage levels. Our simulations reveal that methods are variably impacted by ambient contamination in both modalities. We then applied the demultiplexing methods to two joint snRNA/snATAC datasets and found highly variable concordance between methods in both modalities. Finally, we develop a new metric, variant consistency, which we show is correlated with cell-level ambient molecule fractions in singlets. Applying our metric to two multiplexed joint snRNA/snATAC datasets reveals variable ambient contamination across experiments and modalities. We conclude that improved modelling of ambient material in demultiplexing algorithms will increase both sensitivity and specificity.