bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approach to Social Media Cyberbullying and Harassment Detection Using Advanced Machine Learning
Authors: Islam Md. Saiful , Orno Arafatun Noor , Arifuzzaman Mohammad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The use of information and communication technologies to engage in bullying behavior is known as cyberbullying. Today's society is facing a major and growing challenge of cyberbullying as a result of the misuse and inappropriate usage of social media. A few significant researches have been done in Artificial Intelligence (AI) inspired cyber bulling detection domain because of not having related dataset. This paper focuses on AI based cyber bullying detection in the context of social networking sites of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, TikTok and YouTube English language. This paper has two major contributions. Firstly, we developed a dataset that involves collecting unique comments, evaluating them with psychological references, and categorizing them using Word Embedding for streamlined classification. Secondly, we offer a novel, machine learning-based solution to efficient cyberbullying detection systems which leverage the concept of advanced natural language processing techniques, including text preprocessing, feature extraction, and sentiment analysis, are employed to capture the intricate nuances of online interactions. Additionally, computer vision enhances detection beyond textual content. The methodology integrates various machine learning models, such as Logistic Regression, Decision Tree Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, Multinomial NB, KNeighbors Classifier, SVM, SGD Classifier, and Support Vector Machines. Experimental results, including Bidirectional LSTMs, showcase high accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics, demonstrating robust performance in handling diverse forms of cyberbullying and harassment. The paper concludes with insights into ethical considerations and future directions, highlighting the support vector machine (SVM) as the most effective algorithm with a 90.06% accuracy rate. Recommending SVM for social media platforms, the research contributes to enhancing online safety, guiding proactive measures against cyberbullying, and fostering a safer, more inclusive digital environment.
Comparison of LSTM, Auto-LSTM, and MetroMan on SWOT-like Data
Authors: Roche Steven , Sun Yixuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Estimating discharge levels in rivers is important for flood prediction and water management. Many papers have developed and evaluated hydrological and machine learning techniques on these problems, but there lacks a large-scale comparison between methods. In addition, many papers using satellite data for predictions have been published in an effort to complement in-situ gauge data or make predictions in catchments that lack direct measurements. In this study, we evaluate the LSTM, Auto-LSTM, and Metropolis-Manning (MetroMan) algorithms on 31 test cases that use SWOT-like data. Using normalized root mean squared error and the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency evaluation metrics, we show that the LSTM architecture tends to outperform the MetroMan hydrological algorithm when given a long observation period. Also, we investigate how applying an autoencoder may affect the predictive power of the LSTM approach. The study gives insight into how long of an observation period is required to train an effective LSTM model for this problem.
Impact of TNFR1 pro-inflammatory receptor ablation in amelogenesis and dental enamel biomineralization in mice
Authors: Gonçalves Juliana de Lima , Almeida-Júnior Luciano Aparecido , Arnez Maya Fernanda Manfrin , de Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino , de Carvalho Fabrício Kitazono , Paula-Silva Francisco Wanderley Garcia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Immune response has been speculated as a player in dental enamel defects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ablation of the TNFR1 gene, which encodes the receptor-1 of the pleiotropic protein tumor necrosis factor-α, in amelogenesis and enamel biomineralization. Six male knockout mice for the TNFR1 receptor and six wild-type C57BL/6 mice were used for the study. The lower incisors were used for visual photographic analysis, computerized microtomography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface microhardness evaluation and mineral component analysis by energy dispersive X-ray. The presence and synthesis of MMP-20, Runx2, COX-2 and ameloblastin were investigated using immunohistochemistry and in situ zymography. Data was analyzed using Student t test. No visual changes were found in the incisors and there was no difference in mineral density between the groups. Nonetheless, SEM showed a difference in the conformation of the enamel prisms of incisors extracted from TNFR1-/- animals, as well as a lower Ca content and enamel surface microhardness. Regarding the signaling and molecules involved in amelogenesis, there was a higher expression of MMP-20, COX-2, Runx2, and ameloblastin in TNFR1-/- animals. The absence of the TNFR1 receptor has an impact on signaling for the formation of tooth enamel, resulting in lower surface hardness and lower calcium composition.
Versatile natural molluscicides against the snail Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 (Pulmonata: Planorbidae), the principal vector of Schistosoma mansoni on the American continent
Authors: Hartmann Deborah Bortolucci , Marim Renan Alberto , Zardeto Giuliana , Silva Isabela de Azevedo , Jacomassi Ezilda , Gazim Zilda Cristiani , Junior Antonio Laverde 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is a millennial disease that affects approximately 235 million people. Considering that most of the population affected by schistosomiasis faces different conditions of poverty, finding compounds from plants that can help control or eradicate this disease would be worthwhile especially if the plants are readily available for those who need to use them the most. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fresh latex from fourteen locally cultivated Euphorbiaceae species on the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), the principal vector of the Schistosoma mansoni trematode on the American continent. Adult B. glabrata snails were exposed to various concentrations of fresh latex from Euphorbiaceae species for 24 and 48 hours. Mortality data were analyzed using the probit method. To evaluate the latex ecotoxicity of the promising species against other aquatic organisms, lethality tests were performed on Poecilia reticulata Peter, 1859 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) fish and Artemia salina Leach (Anostraca: Artemiidae) nauplii. Three species presented significant molluscicide activity: Euphorbia milii var. breonii (LC50 = 0.9 µg/mL), E. milii var. milii (LC50 = 1.1 µg/mL) and E. umbellata (LC50 = 9.1 µg/mL). Only E. milii (var. breonii and var. milii) was not lethal to the evaluated fish (LC50 of 9.9 µg/mL) and A. salina (LC50 > 100.0 µg/mL). These results qualify both the E. milii variety of fresh latices as versatile (active at low concentrations, biodegradable, inexpensive, and obtained from renewable resources) and alternative molluscicidal agents against B. glabrata snails.
Urban wastewater management in Nepal: generation, treatment, engineering and policy perspectives
Authors: Karki Bhesh Kumar , Baniya Sachita , Kharel Hari Lal , Angove Michael J. , Paudel Shukra Raj 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Rapid urbanization has caused a worldwide increase in the discharge of wastewater effluent. Although Nepal has a noteworthy history of wastewater management, progress in this field has been hindered by persistent issues. These problems encompass insufficient sewer coverage, deficient treatment and sludge disposal facilities, inadequate treatment infrastructure, lack of coherent institutional frameworks, and a lack of comprehensive planning. This review provides a glimpse into Nepal's current urban wastewater landscape while also offering a concise historical overview of its wastewater management trends. The study gathered data, information from government organizations, as well as related research, review articles, and reports from 1999 to 2023. Our findings reveal that more than 85% of urban households in Nepal rely on onsite sanitation, with limited access to septage treatment facilities. The ratio of wastewater treatment to generation is disconcertingly low, further emphasized by the concentration of centralized treatment plants in the capital city. This low ratio underscores the inadequacy of the existing wastewater system and the novice approaches of the government, which contribute to the poor sewerage facilities in Nepal. This study unequivocally highlights the imperative need for functional and institutional hierarchy emphasizing local communities, substantial changes in resource allocation, governance practices, and technical infrastructure.
The impact of recycling polyaluminium chloride and anionic polyacrylamide water treatment residuals on heavy metal adsorption in soils: implications for stormwater bioretention systems
Authors: Chen Jing , Duan Runbin , Zhu Bingzi , Sun Yao , Gao Jiangqi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Despite the high adsorption capacity of polyaluminum chloride and anionic polyacrylamide water treatment residuals (PAC-APAM WTRs) for Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+, their influence on the adsorption behavior of heavy metals in traditional bioretention soil media remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of PAC-APAM WTRs at a 20% weight ratio on the adsorption removal of Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ in three types of soils. The results demonstrated improved heavy metal adsorption in the presence of PAC-APAM WTRs, with enhanced removal observed at higher pH levels and temperatures. The addition of PAC-APAM WTRs augmented the maximum adsorption capacity for Pb2+ (from 0.98 to 3.98%), Cd2+ (from 0.52 to 10.99%), Cu2+ (from 3.69 to 36.79%), and Zn2+ (from 2.63 to 13.46%). The Langmuir model better described the data in soils with and without PAC-APAM WTRs. The pseudo-second-order model more accurately described the adsorption process, revealing an irreversible chemical process, although qe demonstrated improvement with the addition of PAC-APAM WTRs. This study affirms the potential of PAC-APAM WTRs as an amendment for mitigating heavy metal pollution in stormwater bioretention systems. Further exploration of the engineering application of PAC-APAM WTRs, particularly in field conditions for the removal of dissolved heavy metals, is recommended.
Polański i symulacje. Na marginesie tekstu Ewy Mazierskiej "Roman Polański (i inni) przed sądem"
Authors: Tomczyk-Jarzyna Izabela 
Published: March 2024

Polanski and Simulations: A Few Remarks on Ewa Mazierska’s essay “Roman Polanski (and Others) on Trial”
The text is a commentary on the article by Ewa Mazierska “Roman Polanski (and Others) on Trial.” Using Baudrillard’s concept of simulation, the author shows that discussions on Polanski’s personal conduct do not lead to finding meaning.
Synthetic Update on Antimicrobial Potential of Novel Pyrazole Derivatives: A Review
Authors: Singh Sucheta , Tahlan Sumit , Singh Kuldeep , Verma Prabhakar Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen and their derivatives have been a
rich source of medicines. Pyrazole, a five-membered ring structure, offers a variety of functionalities
as well as stereo-chemical complexity. Studies conducted over the past 10 years
revealed that an increasing amount of research has been performed on different pyrazole
derivatives and their physiological and pharmacological activities. The objective of these
studies is to uncover the full potential of pyrazole derivatives by elucidating the many druglike
properties and their link between the structure and mode of action. Here, we discuss
different ways of synthesizing pyrazole derivatives. Due to recent advances in synthetic
medicinal chemistry, this class of compounds can be readily developed and becomes a viable
target for the discovery of novel drugs.
Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-conditioned Media with Natural Immunomodulatory Agent Resveratrol on Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Abhale Krushna , Addepalli Veeranjaneyulu , Desai Shivani , Sanap Avinash , Bhonde Ramesh 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a condition marked by elevated
blood sugar levels and primarily recognized by the destruction of beta cells caused by an autoimmune
attack, which is a significant characteristic of T1DM. Recent studies have demonstrated the
regenerative potential of conditioned medium therapy. In light of this, the current research sought
to assess the impact of Mesenchymal Stem Cell conditioned media (CM) and CM with resveratrol
(CM+ Resveratrol) on the management of T1DM in Swiss albino mice. By leveraging and modifying
existing conditioned medium therapy, this study aims to evaluate its effectiveness in treating
T1DM.

Materials & Methods:
Diabetes was induced in animals using the diabetes-inducing agent streptozotocin
(STZ). The animals were then divided into five groups: Normal control, Disease Control,
Resveratrol, Condition Media, and CM + Resveratrol. Treatments were given to the animals accordingly.
The study period was 28 days. During this time, the animals were monitored for foodwater
intake twice a week, blood glucose levels, and body weight. At the conclusion of the 28-day
study period, biochemical estimations were performed for serum insulin levels, C-peptide levels,
anti-inflammatory cytokines levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. Additionally, histopathology
of the pancreas was performed.

Results:
The test groups showed a significant decrease in blood glucose levels, an increase in Cpeptide
levels, and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels compared to the disease group.
However, no statistically significant change within groups was observed in terms of serum insulin
and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. The improvement in diabetic symptoms, such as polyphagia,
polydipsia, and weight loss, was observed in the treatment group, along with pancreatic regeneration,
which indicated improved insulin secretion.

Conclusion:
In the current investigation, we concluded that CM and CM+ Resveratrol, as natural
immunomodulators, have the capacity to regenerate injured pancreatic beta cells and have antidiabetic
action, together with immunomodulating impact. Nonetheless, future studies on this therapy
appear to be promising.
3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Kinase 1 as a Therapeutic Target for Treating Diabetes
Authors: Xiang Xie , Shuya Pan , Jiamin Zhang , Zihan Zhang , Xumei Yang , Jingjin Liu 
Published: March 2024

:
The role of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) has been welldocumented
in the development of diabetes. This review offers a thorough examination of its
composition and associated routes, specifically focusing on insulin signaling and glucose processing.
By examining the precise connection between PDK1 and diabetes, various strategies
specifically targeting PDK1 were also investigated. Additionally, recent discoveries from mouse
models were compiled where PDK1 was knocked out in certain tissues, which demonstrated encouraging
outcomes for focused treatments despite the absence of any currently approved clinical
PDK1 activators. Moreover, the dual nature of PDK1 activation was discussed, encompassing
both anti-diabetic and pro-oncogenic effects. Hence, the development of a PDK1 modifier is
of utmost importance, as it can activate anti-diabetic pathways while inhibiting pro-oncogenic
pathways, thus aiding in the treatment of diabetes. In general, PDK1 presents a noteworthy opportunity
for future therapeutic strategies in the treatment of diabetes.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in
Cancer: A Focus on Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Mehrabadi Shima , Velayati Mahla , epubi Nima , Mollazadeh Samaneh , Avan Amir 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
One of the most prevalent cancers throughout the world is colorectal cancer (CRC).
Natriuretic peptides are important hormones that have a crucial role in the physiology of humans
and other animals. There are a variety of treatments for colon cancer. However, conventional
therapies have many side effects and low efficacy in the treatment of this disease. Atrial Natriuretic
Peptide (ANP) is one of the most well-known natriuretic peptides involved in regulating
blood pressure and blood volume. Studies have demonstrated that ANP has a therapeutic effect
on different cancer types. The anti-tumor effect of ANP is exerted by inhibiting DNA synthesis
but not inducing apoptosis. The anti-proliferative role of ANP has been reported in human
breast, prostate, colon, pancreatic, lung, and ovarian cancer and in many other tumors. Therefore,
we review the recent papers on natriuretic peptides in CRC as a common malignancy in
adults to assess the pathways of ANP involved in the progression of CRC and its effects on the
prevention or treatment of CRC and other cancer types.
Phenylketonuria Incidence based on the Results of the Neonatal Screening Program and Evaluation of this Program-based Surveillance Data System in Sirjan City from 2012 to 2019
Authors: Rezabeigi-Davarani Fatemeh , Kermani Bahareh , Raesi Rasoul , Daneshi Salman 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundPKU is the most common hereditary metabolic disease. Considering the severe complications caused by the lack of timely diagnosis of this disease, it is important to carry out the newborn screening process properly.AimThis study aims to determine the incidence of phenylketonuria (PKU) based on the results of the neonatal screening program and evaluate the indicators of this program in Sirjan City from 2012 to 2019.MethodsThe present study was across-section descriptive, and all screening babies were examined from 2012 to 2019. Screening information was obtained from data recorded in the neonatal screening program and patient information from the national form of epidemiological investigation of genetic diseases in the Kerman Health Department. Excel software was used to draw charts. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the variables. Information was provided as a frequency table and chart.ResultsThe overall screening coverage was 95.3%. Among this, 93.2% of infants were screened during the 3 to 5 days of life. The incidence of PKU was found to be 1.33 in 10,000 live births. Around 0.44% of the samples were inappropriate, and the percentage of inappropriate samples was from the beginning of the program and monitored across each year. On the first visit to the PKU treatment center, 50% of infants were below 2 weeks. About 100% of patients identified in screening were the first child in the family, and around 83.3% of parents were consanguineous.ConclusionThe incidence of PKU in Sirjan is in line with the national average. Implementation of the screening program showed a significant impact on the timely diagnosis and the onset of patients. It is necessary to increase household awareness about the consequences of consanguineous marriages, especially in areas with a high prevalence of PKU.
The Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Quality Control of Epimedium: A Review
Authors: Wang Tao , Kong Xiangfeng , Tang Xiaomeng , Xie Mingxia , Zhang Xia , Zhao Jianjun , Gao Xiaojuan , Wang Hanqing 
Published: March 2024

:
Epimedium has long been used as an ethnic drug in Asia and Europe for its high medicinal
value and health benefits, which is often used for anti-tumor, anti-osteoporosis, sexual dysfunction,
and other related diseases. In this research, Epimedium isreviewed in the botany, phytochemistry,
pharmacology, toxicology, processing, and quality control to make it better for clinical services.
More than 106 compounds, including flavonoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, lignans, and others,
were isolated from Epimedium. Based on multiple chemically active components, Epimedium has a
wide range of pharmacological action. Several studies have demonstrated Epimedium has multiple
biological activities, including neuroprotective effects, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and antioxidant
effects, anti-osteoporosis, anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-diabetes, anti-influenza, effects on sexual
dysfunction, etc. Recently, the toxicity of Epimedium has been brought into focus, and its hepatotoxicity
has been confirmed through animal experiments. Moreover, it is particularly important to control
its quality. To date, great progress has been made in the study of Epimedium. This study systematically
reviews the achievements of research on Epimedium. Moreover, the shortcomings of the
current research on Epimedium were pointed out, and some suggestions were given.
Energy Consumption Optimization for the Cold Source System of a
Hospital in Shanghai-Part I: Analysis of Operating Characteristics and the
Control Strategies of the Chillers
Authors: Qu Minglu , Luo Xiang , Zhang Xinlin , Yan Xufeng , Li Zhao , Wang Lihui 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Hospitals account for the most proportion of energy consumption in the
public building sector. Chillers usually account for most of the overall energy consumption of the
cold source system.

Objective:
To solve the problem of chillers' large energy consumption problem, novel technologies
were developed, and achievements were patented.

Methods:
The operating characteristics influencing factors of the magnetic suspension centrifugal
chiller (MSCC) and variable frequency screw chiller (VFSC) of a hospital in Shanghai were analyzed
and discussed by actual measurements. Then, based on the operating characteristics of the
chiller obtained from the analysis of the measured data, the cooling capacity was classified by the
K-Means clustering method to obtain the startup strategy of the chillers.

Results:
The effects of the supply chilled water temperature, the supply cooling water temperature
and variable cooling water flow rate on the maximum cooling capacity and coefficient of performance
(COP) of both chillers were explored. The load distribution scheme was discussed based on
the chillers' startup strategy.

Conclusion:
The average part load ratio operation scheme was the preferred chiller distribution
scheme. A chiller's maximum allowable part load ratio should not exceed 80% during the low-load
operation period and should not be less than 60% during the conventional operation period. It provided
a reference for optimizing the chiller operation strategy to reduce system energy consumption.