bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of resource utilization and clinical outcomes between teaching and nonteaching medical services
Authors: Khaliq Amir A. , Huang Chiung‐Yu , Ganti Apar Kishor , Invie Kristie , Smego Raymond A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPURPOSETo compare the resource utilization and clinical outcomes of medical care delivered on general internal medicine inpatient services at teaching and nonteaching services at an academic hospital.METHODSFrom February to October 2002, 2189 patients admitted to a 450‐bed university‐affiliated community hospital were assigned either to a resident‐staffed teaching service (n = 1637) or to a hospitalist‐ or clinic‐based internist nonteaching service (n = 552). We compared total hospital costs per patient, length of hospital stay (LOS), hospital readmission within 30 days, in‐hospital mortality, and costs for pharmacy, laboratory, radiology, and others between teaching and nonteaching services.RESULTSCare on a teaching service was not associated with increased overall patient care costs ($5572 vs. $5576; P = .99), LOS (4.92 days vs. 5.10 days; P = .43), readmission rate (12.3% vs. 10.3%; P = .21), or in‐hospital mortality (3.7% vs. 4.5%; P = .40). Mean laboratory and radiology costs were higher on the teaching service, but costs for the pharmacy and for speech therapy, occupational therapy, physical therapy, respiratory therapy, pulmonary function testing, and GI endoscopy procedures were not statistically different between the 2 services, and residents did not order more tests or procedures. Case mix and illness severity, as reflected by the distribution of the most frequent DRGs and mean number of secondary diagnoses per patient and DRG‐specific LOS, were similar on the 2 services.CONCLUSIONSAt our academic hospital, admission to a general internal medicine teaching service resulted in patient care costs and clinical outcomes comparable to those admitted to a nonteaching service. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:150–157. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Repair of large osteochondral defects with allogeneic cartilaginous aggregates formed from bone marrow‐derived cells using RWV bioreactor
Authors: Yoshioka Tomokazu , Mishima Hajime , Ohyabu Yoshimi , Sakai Shinsuke , Akaogi Hiroshi , Ishii Tomoo , Kojima Hiroko , Tanaka Junzo , Ochiai Naoyuki , Uemura Toshimasa 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOur objective was to examine the technique of regenerating cartilage tissue from bone marrow‐derived cells by three‐dimensional (3D) culture using the rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor. Three‐dimensional and cylindrical aggregates of allogeneic cartilage with dimensions of 10 × 5 mm (height × diameter) formed by the RWV bioreactor were transplanted into osteochondral defects of Japanese white rabbits (Group T, n = 15). For the control, some osteochondral defects were left empty (Group C, n = 18). At 4, 8, and 12 weeks postimplantation, the reparative tissues were evaluated macroscopically, histologically, and biochemically. In Group T at as early as 4 weeks, histological observation, especially via safranin‐O staining, suggested that the reparative tissues resembled hyaline cartilage. And we observed no fibrous tissues between reparative tissue and adjacent normal tissues. In the deeper portion of the bony compartment, the osseous tissues were well remodeled. At 4 and 8 weeks postimplantation, the mean histological score of Group T was significantly better than that of Group C (p < 0.05). The glycosaminoglycans (GAG)/DNA ratio in both groups increased gradually from 4 to 8 weeks and then decreased from 8 to 12 weeks. We herein report the first successful regeneration of cartilage in osteochondral defects in vivo using allogeneic cartilaginous aggregates derived from bone marrow‐derived cells by 3D culture using the RWV bioreactor. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1291–1298, 2007
The experience of sexual trauma
Authors: Roth Susan , Lebowitz Leslie 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present research was designed to describe women's experience of sexual trauma and its aftermath as it relates to difficulties in coping with the trauma. A small, but heterogeneous, sample of survivors seeking treatment was interviewed in an unstructured format and encouraged to present their story of what had happened and what it had meant to them. The definition and examples of 14 themes are presented. They provide evidence that sexual trauma confronts the individual with affects and meanings which are extremely difficult to manage and which may have long‐term effects. The themes are discussed in reference to general psychological processes involved in the response to acute stress, the cultural context of sexual trauma, and the implications for the psychotherapeutic treatment of sexual trauma victims.
Emergency workers' cognitive appraisal and coping with traumatic events
Authors: McCammon Susan , Durham Thomas W. , Jackson Allison E. , Williamson Joseph E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPolice, fire, emergency medical and hospital personnel were surveyed following two disasters in the same county: An apartment building explosion followed 1 year later by a devastating tornado. They completed a symptom checklist, the Coping Inventory, and rated the extent of their support net‐works. Reported symptoms revealed clinically significant emotional effects postdisaster. More post‐traumatic symptoms were reported following the tornado. Coping theory emphasizing cognitive appraisal was used as the conceptual framework for studying reported adjustment strategies. Workers' comments illustrated the cognitive processes intervening between the emergency events and reactions to them. The most frequently endorsed coping strategies following both events involved attempts to reach cognitive mastery over the event and to ascertain meaning. Strategies of altering activities and finding new interests were not frequently endorsed. A greater number of coping responses were endorsed following the tornado along with strategies which involved seeking support from others. Factor analysis of Coping Inventory responses revealed four factors: seeking of meaning, regaining mastery through individual action, regaining mastery through interpersonal action, and philosophical self‐contemplation.
Stability of positive treatment outcome and symptom relapse in post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Perconte Stephen T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEighteen Vietnam combat veterans who had successfully completed a partial hospitalization PTSD treatment program were contacted for follow‐up at least 1 year following completion of treatment. The 10 veterans responding to the follow‐up survey had shown significant improvement in symptoms and distress level immediately following treatment on both self‐report and observer rating scales. On follow‐up, however, there had been significant self‐report symptom relapse, although the group maintained significant improvement over pretreatment levels of distress. Despite partial relapse, the veterans in this group continued to show improved functioning in terms of subsequent hospitalization and employment. Various causes of relapse following treatment of PTSD are briefly presented.
Post‐traumatic psychosis among Cambodian refugees
Authors: David Kinzie J. , Boehnlein James J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOf 100 consecutive Cambodian patients with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), seven had severe persistent psychotic symptoms. Those with psychosis did not differ demographically or in severity of trauma from those without psychosis. The behavior of these seven patients was disruptive to their families; all required hospitalizations and were difficult to treat. This report as well as other clinical literature indicate that psychosis, usually associated with PTSD, is an infrequent but definite occurrence after massive psychological trauma.
Patterns of PTSD among police officers following shooting incidents: A two‐dimensional model and treatment implications
Authors: Gersons Berthold P. R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractShooting incidents are a rare phenomenon in low violence police work. However, when an incident occurs, the psychological impact for the officers involved may take the form of severe PTSD symptomatology. Of 37 police officers who had been involved in serious shooting incidents between 1977 and 1984 we found that 17 (46%) fulfilled DSM‐III criteria for PTSD, either at the time of the interview (n = 7, 19%) or prior to it (n = 10, 27%). Of the PTSD‐negative group 17 still showed an impressive pattern of PTSD symptoms. Only three showed no symptoms of PTSD at all. Laufer et al. (1985) presented a two‐dimensional model which seems to fit the PTSD‐pattern in police officers reacting to trauma. From clinical experience, it is apparent that most police officers involved in these incidents seek refuge in denial (Lazarus, 1984). Focused psychotherapy in combination with working through of the incidents and sometimes psychopharmacological intervention appear to be of value in alleviating PTSD in police officers. Preliminary experience in psychotherapy with these police officers is presented in two case vignettes.
The psychological processing of traumatic experience: Rorschach patterns in PTSD
Authors: van der Kolk Bessel A. , Ducey Charles P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Rorschach records of 13 Vietnam veterans with PTSD were compared with 11 matched combat controls and were analyzed for both content and structural features. These Rorschachs showed an unmodified reliving of traumatic material and revealed the biphasic cognitive processing of traumatic experiences of rigidly defended, affective numbing versus overwhelmed intrusive reliving. They demonstrated how trauma and its concomitant affects persist with little modification over time and confirm the clinical impression that people with severe PTSD have an impaired capacity for affect modulation. The lack of integration of the traumatic experience accounts for extreme reactivity to environmental stimuli: the initially over whelming external event, through lack of assimilation, is perpetuated internally and continues to exert disorganizing effects on the psyche. The authors discuss the claims that the presence of mute, unsymbolized, and unintegrated experiences causes reenactment of the trauma, until the victim learns to put into words both the associated facts and the feelings.
The dissociation theory of Pierre Janet
Authors: van der Hart Onno , Horst Rutger 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAlthough the concept of dissociation had been described earlier, Pierre Janet was the first to show clearly and systematically how it is the most direct psychological defence against overwhelming traumatic experiences. He demonstrated that dissociative phenomena play an important role in widely divergent post‐traumatic stress responses which he included under the 19th‐century diagnosis of hysteria. His dissociation theory is outlined here as a background for Janet's specific studies of trauma, it is based on nine concepts developed or elaborated by Janet: psychological automatism, consciousness, subconciousness, narrowed field of consciousness, dissociation, amnesia, suggestibility, fixed idea, and emotion.
The relation between physical assault and psychological functioning in a sample of university women, and the relative effects of physical and sexual assault
Authors: Wayland Kathleen , Lochman John E. , Roth Susan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was threefold: to determine the prevalence and descriptive characteristics of physically abusive relationships in a sample of university women, to identify the psychological correlates of physical abuse and the relative effects of physical and sexual assault on psychological functioning, and to determine the relationship between psychosocial functioning and various abuse characteristics. Fifteen percent of respondents had been physically assaulted in the course of their lifetime, with 4% of women assaulted in the last year. The risk of physical assault increased with closer relationship intimacy, and with a history of prior assault. Results indicate that physical assault constitutes a mild concurrent risk factor for psychological dysfunction among nonclinical women. Social cognitive variables appeared to moderate victims' response to physical assault, as the subjective perception of threat was related to poor social adjustment in several areas. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Warrior therapist: Vets treating vets
Authors: Catherall Donald R. , Lane Christopher 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe practice of using Vietnam veteran therapists to treat other Vietnam veterans with PTSD is examined in terms of the impact upon the client, the therapist, and the therapy. The roles of warrior and therapist rely upon different coping strategies which produces inherent conflicts. However, the integrated warrior therapist can help warriors to make the transformation to nonwarrior coping strategies which can allow them to make better use of psychotherapy. The practice of using therapists who are trauma survivors to treat other trauma survivors is discussed in terms of its advantages and disadvantages. Treatment recommendations include a modified stance, focus on the nature of the therapeutic alliance, and personal work on the therapist's own integration of the disparate identities.
Debriefing the debriefers: An intervention strategy to assist psychologists after a crisis
Authors: Talbot Alison , Manton Monica , Dunn Peter J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article looks at the stresses inherent in crisis intervention work in general, and on the effects on psychologists in particular. The authors review debriefing strategies currently used and argue that the needs of psychologists differ from those of other crisis interveners such as police or ambulance workers. They present a debriefing strategy that takes into account the psychologist's need for psychological understanding and integration.
Reliability of delayed self‐reports in disaster research
Authors: Norris Fran H. , Kaniasty Krzysztof 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn studies of traumatic stress, researchers often find themselves asking questions about an event and its aftermath long after the crisis has passed. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of these delayed self‐reports. In January, 1990, 65 residents of Charleston, SC, were interviewed by telephone about their experiences following Hurricane Hugo, which had devastated the area on September 22, 1989. The interview included assessments of disaster‐related losses, preparedness, social support received from others, and social support provided to others. In October, 1990, 53 of these persons (82% of the original sample) were reinterviewed and asked the exact same questions. For reports of losses and preparedness, accuracy of the later reports was excellent. Both the sample and individuals showed remarkable stability over time. For measures of social support, there was a sample tendency to recall more social support as time passed, but individuals generally retained their same rank order. Thus, these reports were also reliable.
The psychological impact of an earthquake on rescue workers: A follow‐up study of the Swedish group of rescue workers in Armenia, 1988
Authors: Lundin Tom , Bodegård Magnus 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAfter the disastrous earthquake in Armenia in December 1988, many international teams assisted in the rescue work in response to an official request from the Soviet authorities. On December 10th and 12th, 50 Swedish rescue workers were sent to Leninakan in Armenia. This group was recruited at very short notice and there was no opportunity for any briefing sessions before departure. Twenty persons were professionals, with various degrees of experience in disaster rescue operations. None of the group had previously worked with earthquake victims. These 50 rescue workers camped in the center of the area for 4 days and nights and thus closely observed the devastating effects on people and their homes and possessions and other buildings. The group was followed up with debriefing sessions and a prospective 9‐month questionnaire study. Some significant differences in the psychological outcome were found between professionals and non‐professionals both during the first month and in the further follow‐up.
Early psychological responses to traumatic injury
Authors: Shalev Arieh Y. , Schreiber Shaul , Galai Tamar 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSixteen injured survivors of a terrorist act, hospitalized in a large medical center, were followed daily by a team of mental‐health consultants. The survivors' rapidly changing mental states and the subsequent responses of their careproviders are described. Intrusive recollections of the event were experienced by all, however with various degrees of distress and arousal. Early psychological assistance was aimed at increasing the survivors' sense of self‐control and their mastery over secondary stressors. Flexible and skilled therapeutic technique was required to meet the survivors' changing needs. The consultants' own emotional burden was addressed by structuring the interventions and providing opportunities for disclosure.
A causal model of the etiology of war‐related PTSD
Authors: Fontana Alan , Rosenheck Robert 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStructural equation modeling is used to evaluate a network of causal hypotheses concerning the relationships of premilitary vulnerabilities, military entry conditions, war zone experiences, and dissociative reactions with current symptoms of PTSD and general psychiatric distress. The analyses are directed toward resolving three general issues: (1) the relative contributions of premilitary vulnerabilities and exposure to traumatic events to the development of PTSD, (2) the features of the causal network that are distinctive to the development of PTSD as compared to general psychiatric symptoms, and (3) the major pathways mediating causation among the variables in the model. 381 Vietnam theater veterans who sought treatment from VA's new PTSD Clinical Teams Program and who provided complete data constituted the sample for the study. War zone experiences were the variables that contributed most strongly to the development of both PTSD and general psychiatric symptoms. Combat exposure, however, contributed directly to PTSD symptoms but not to general psychiatric symptoms. The overall fit of the model to the data proved to be quite satisfactory for both PTSD and general psychiatric symptoms, accounting for 59% and 60% of the variance, respectively.
Malignant memories: Post‐traumatic changes in memory in adults after a school shooting
Authors: Schwarz Eitan D. , Kowalski Janice M. , McNally Richard J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe study explores changes in retrospective reports of experiences after a manmade disaster. Six and 18 months after a school shooting, 12 school personnel recalled in identical self‐report questionnaires their proximity to the site, and emotional, including life threat, and sensory experiences the day of the incident. All changed some aspect of their recall on retest. Those close to the shooting increased and those far decreased their reported proximity to the site; and most respondents both enlarged and diminished at the same time reports of specific emotional, life threat, and sensory experiences. Enlargement on retest appeared associated with PTSD symptoms, while diminishment with lessening of anxiety and depression and increase in self confidence. The authors offer these preliminary findings for further inquiry into the biopsychological basis of post‐traumatic memory.
Assessing the effects of violence on women in battering relationships with the Keane MMPI‐PTSD scale
Authors: Perrin Sean , van Hasselt Vincent B. , Basilio Isandy , Hersen Michel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)‐Keane Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale (PK) has proven to be a reliable and valid measure of PTSD in combat veterans. However, few studies have examined the scale's validity in battered women, who often present with PTSD. Using empirically derived cutoff scores for the PK Scale, 69 battered women were assigned to PTSD‐Positive and PTSD‐Negative groups and then compared on measures of PTSD, distress, social support, and history of abuse in and out of the battering relationship. The PTSD‐Positive group scored significantly higher across all measures of PTSD and distress, supporting the concurrent validity of the PK Scale in this population. However, the two groups differed only for the frequency of death threats, suggesting that the PK Scale is only mildly sensitive to the level of trauma exposure. Finally, lower levels of perceived social support were found in the PTSD‐Positive than the PTSD‐Negative group. Implications of these findings for the assessment of PTSD in battered women are discussed.
Resiliency and adult adaptation in women with and without self‐reported histories of childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Lam Judy N. , Grossman Frances K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship of protective factors (PF) to adult adaptation in a nonclinical sample consisting of 264 undergraduate women: two groups without childhood sexual abuse (CSA), high (n = 109) and low (n = 99) on PF; and two groups with CSA, high (n = 17) and low (n = 27) on PF. The first hypothesis that higher levels of PF would be significantly associated with higher levels of functioning for all individuals was supported by the data. The second hypothesis that the women with CSA and higher levels of PF would appear similar in adaptation to those without CSA was also supported. The findings further suggest that though the protective factors were beneficial for most individuals, they were significantly more helpful for those with CSA.
Thematic resolution, PTSD, and complex PTSD: The relationship between meaning and trauma‐related diagnoses
Authors: Newman Elana , Riggs David S. , Roth Susan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe role of modifying schemas in trauma‐focused psychotherapy has received theoretical and clinical attention. However, the relationship of schematic processing to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis has not been examined empirically. The current study compared measures of thematic disruption among individuals with PTSD alone, PTSD with concurrent complex PTSD, and no PTSD. Eighty two participants were interviewed to assess PTSD status, complex PTSD status, traumatic life events, and trauma‐related thematic processing. Results indicated that variables quantifying thematic disruption and thematic resolution significantly distinguished those individuals with concurrent PTSD plus complex PTSD from the other two groups. Exploratory analyses indicated that PTSD symptom severity and the interpersonal nature of the trauma were related to thematic disruption.
Development and validation of the sources of trauma‐related guilt survey—war‐zone version
Authors: Kubany Edward S. , Abueg Francis R. , Kilauano William L. , Manke Frederic P. , Kaplan Aaron S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDespite clinical observations that many veterans have multiple sources of war‐related guilt, many problematic guilt issues are commonly not treated or even detected by clinicians. We describe development of a survey that systematically assesses idiosyncratic sources of guilt across the spectrum of events that are potential sources of trauma‐related guilt from the war‐zone. A multimethod strategy was used to develop a survey with strong content validity. Results indicate the survey is temporally stable, substantially correlated with other measures of guilt, and highly correlated with measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Findings confirm that many Vietnam veterans have multiple sources of severe war‐related guilt. The survey may have important clinical utility for problem identification, treatment planning, and evaluating treatment efficacy.