bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productivity, Sustainability, and Economic Growth in Metropolises: Estimates of Long-Time Commuting Effects in Developing Countries
Authors: Hess Aurelio , Narteh-yoe Sampson Banflo 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the long-time commuting patterns of workers in the developing world, observing metropolises’ samples. The main question to be answered was whether there is scope for labor policy changes towards reducing long-time commuting to obtain productivity gains based on life quality improvements.
Theoretical background: Although previous research indicates the presence of symmetric patterns in the developing world, specifically in long-time commuting, there is still a gap in checking the possibilities for labor productivity growth as a consequence of worker´s life quality improvement.

Methodology: In this study, we observed six of the biggest metropolises located in very different geographic regions – New Delhi (India), Mexico City (Mexico), São Paulo (Brazil), Manilla (Philippines), Nairobi (Kenya), and Accra (Ghana). Simple random samples of workers in the Metropolitan Areas were surveyed electronically, by ‘Google-Forms e-survey’ during the second half of 2019. Considering error margins below 5 percentage points and with a 95 percent point confidence level, the authors used proportion (p) sample distributions to draw inferences about the population of workers.

Results and conclusion: The results showed that long-time commuters are between 12 and 26 percent of the workers. More than 65 percent of workers in all the cities were interested in reducing commuting time. More than half of the workers agreed that reducing commuting time could improve labor productivity, and the same share is aware of the negative effects on quality of life and health. Labor policy changes in these six metropolises have the potential to affect more than 6.5 million workers.

Research implications: The study advances in verifying the long-time commuting patterns and consequences, opening doors for labor policy changes towards gaining productivity by reducing time spent commuting, as previous literature has partially done.

Originality/value: The approach of the work and its results contribute to expanding empirical research related to the assumptions of labor productivity growth based on life quality improvements.
Analyzing professional motivation in students mastering the profession of rescue technician
Authors: Sokolovskaya A. V. , Kazaeva O. V. , Gruzdev E. E. 
Published: April 2024

Relevance. The profession of rescuer is currently one of the most demanded due to increased number and severity of emergency and disaster consequences. Professional success is preconditioned by comprehensive knowledge, solid skills, strong motivation and awareness of essential professional prerequisites.The objective is to analyze the study motivation in college students mastering the program “Protection in emergency situations” across different years of study, with a focus on academic achievements.Methods. Study motivation was assessed using the method developed by Tatyana I. Ilyina among the 2nd to 4th year college students; students’ academic performance was analyzed as well.Results. The assessment of motivation showed that students are actively and persistently striving to master their professional abilities and skills throughout the studies. Motivation was high among students of the 2nd year (74.7 %), the 3rd year (66.3%), and the 4th year (67.1 %). However, some students apply efforts in their studies in order to obtain a formal degree. In some cases, for example, no statistically reliable correlation was revealed between academic achievements and motivation to acquire knowledge, while showing positive correlations between motivation to master a profession and obtaining a degree.Conclusion. Improvements in students’ professional motivation throughout their studies is a prerequisite for successful academic performance, allowing to nurture motivated and committed professionals in general.
Immediate effect of upright position on lumbar disc using multiposture MRI: Preliminary results
Authors: Furihata Kento , Miyati Tosiaki , Ohno Naoki , Kobayashi Satoshi 
Published: April 2024

Objectives:
Gravity loading on lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs) is affected by body position. Although the long-term effects of gravity on IVDs have been reported, the immediate effects of gravity on IVDs remain unclear. We considered that changes in IVD structure in the upright and supine positions provided new diagnostic information. Therefore, we compared the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), transverse relaxation time (T2), and morphology of the lumbar spine between the quickly changing upright and supine positions using an original magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system that can obtain images in any position (multiposture MRI).

Material and Methods:
On a 0.4-T multiposture MRI, diffusion-weighted images of the lumbar spine in seven healthy volunteers were obtained using single-shot diffusion echo-planar imaging (b = 0 and 600 s/mm2) in quickly changing upright and supine positions. Moreover, spin-echo images with multiple echo times (echo time = 30, 60, 90, and 120 ms) were obtained in each position. We calculated the ADC and T2 of each IVD (L1 and S1) without any disc degeneration. In addition, the lumbar lordosis angle and length of the lumbar spine were measured to evaluate the morphology of the lumbar spine.

Results:
The T2 of the IVD between L4 and L5 in the upright position was significantly lower than that in the supine position (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the ADC. The morphology of the lumbar spine did not differ significantly between the two positions.

Conclusion:
The T2 of the IVD between L4 and L5 was likely decreased by the effect of gravity due to the postural change from supine to upright.
Comparative effects of shockwave therapy and Maitland lumbar mobilization on pain, disability, and range of motion in patients with mechanical low back pain: A pilot study
Authors: Ejaz Rida , Rafique Saba , Hamid Khizra , Raza Qasim , Haider Shabana 
Published: April 2024

Objectives:
Low back pain (LBP) has been considered a neuromusculoskeletal issue that affects a wide variety of populations around the globe at some stage in their life. This paper aimed to see the comparative effects of shockwave therapy and Maitland lumbar mobilizations on pain severity, disability, and range of motion (ROM) values in subjects with mechanical LBP.

Methods:
A randomized clinical trial was carried out involving 26 subjects divided into two groups using a random number generator table. After baseline therapy (lumbar stretches and core strengthening exercises), shockwave therapy was administered to Group A (2000 shocks/session, pressure of 2 bars, frequency 10 Hz), while Group B received Maitland lumbar mobilizations (starting from Grade 1, with 3–4 sets of oscillations with 40 counts/set, two sets of oscillation to one level below and above the affected vertebras). Both therapeutic interventions were administered for 30 days, twice a week (total of eight sessions) for individual groups.

Results:
Numeric pain rating scale, Oswestry LBP disability index, lumbar flexion, and extension ROM pre- and post-treatment values showed significant differences with P < 0.05. A greater difference in mean values was observed in group B receiving Maitland mobilization as compared to group A receiving shockwave therapy. Between-group analysis showed a statistically significant difference in both groups with P < 0.005.

Conclusion:
Both groups showed significant effects in reducing pain levels, functional disability scores, and improving flexion and extension ROM values. However, participants receiving Maitland mobilization showed more significant improvement in all variables than shockwave therapy.
Investigating the effect of Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) models on motivation and academic learning time in physical education
Authors: Romadhona Novita Suci , Kurniawan Rama , Darmawan Arief 
Published: April 2024

Background Problems: Motivation and academic learning time are the most important factors for students to achieve their learning goals. Research Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of the TGfU learning model on students' motivation and academic learning time (ALT). Methods: This type of research used the experimental method by using a control class and an experimental class, with research design using a randomised control group pre-test and post-test. The population of this study consisted of vocational high school students who took physical education subjects. The sample was randomly selected with a total of 68 students from 2 classes, with 34 students per class. The experimental (treatment) class used the TGfU learning model with student-centred approaches, strategies, and games. Meanwhile, the control class used the cooperative model, and the approach used was the student-centred approach. The research instruments were pre-test and post-test questionnaire instruments to measure students' learning motivation and systematic observation through duration recording techniques using observation sheets by paying attention to four categories of activities in physical education learning, namely management (M), learning activities (A), instructional (I), and waiting (W). The pre-test and post-test data analysis techniques were analysed using a homogeneity test, a normality test, and a Mann-Whitney test using SPSS version 25. Finding/Result: This study showed significant differences between the control and experimental classes in learning motivation, particularly in intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, and amotivation, with the TGfU approach exerting a significant effect. However, there was no significant difference between the Introjected Regulation and External Regulation categories. In addition, TGfU also improved academic learning time (ALT) and engagement in learning activities (A), but the control class was superior in waiting (W). Conclusion: These findings suggest that TGfU encourages students' active participation and extends overall learning time. Future research could investigate this by using in-depth interviews to elaborate on the factors underlying motivation and student participation through the implementation of TGfU models.
Bábu nepřemluvíš, co takhle jít k volbám? Strategicky kontraproduktivní přemlouvání mladých (ne)voličů
Authors: Svačinová Iva 
Published: April 2024

Text představuje pragma-dialektický přístup k argumentaci. Věnuje se představení nástrojů standardní verze (ideální model kritické diskuze, argumentační schéma, argumentační struktura) i rozšířené verze (typ komunikační aktivity, strategické manévrování). Následně ilustruje užití předložených nástrojů na případové analýze videa „Přemluv bábu“. Standardní verze je využita k zodpovězení otázky „Jakou argumentaci Mádl a Issová předkládají? Je zde představen postup rekonstrukce argumentační výpovědi: identifikaci argumentačně relevantních prvků textu a rekonstrukci argumentační struktury a užitých argumentačních schémat. Rozšířená verze pragma-dialektiky je užita k zodpovězení otázky „Jaké argumentační strategie Mádl a Issová používají, aby zvýšili přijatelnost vzhledem k zamýšlenému publiku?“ Je zde předložena charakterizace typu komunikační aktivity angažované politické komedie a omezení, které z jejích konvencí vyplývají. Následně je předložena analýza strategie užití tzv. strategické kontraproduktivity.
Když dva dělají totéž: srovnávací tradiční rétorická analýza
Authors: Picha Marek 
Published: April 2024

Text porovnává přesvědčovací strategie využité ve velmi podobných politicky angažovaných videoklipech The Great Schlep a Přemluv bábu. Ukazuje, že přestože se klip Přemluv bábu od své americké předlohy zásadně neliší v obecné struktuře, deklarovaném cíli či motivické výbavě, v jiných persvazivně významných ohledech se původnímu klipu vzdaluje. Rozdíly jsou patrné zejména v odlišné konstrukci publika, v jiném situování mluvčích a v topickém výběru vyjádřeném jinými stylistickými prostředky.
Reflexivita v propozičních postojích
Authors: Šmiřák Tomáš 
Published: April 2024

Přijetí teze, že některé výrazy referují bez zprostředkování identifikujícími podmínkami přímo k objektům, vede k několika problematickým důsledkům týkajícím se propozičních postojů. Jedním z těchto důsledků je ten, že bychom tudíž na základě přesvědčení Lois Lanové, že Superman je silnější než Clark Kent, byli nuceni uznat, že je též přesvědčena o existenci někoho, kdo má tu vlastnost, že je silnější, než skutečně je. Snad žádný racionálně uvažující člověk by však zřejmě přesvědčení o existenci někoho, o kom by tato nemožná vlastnost měla platit, nepřijal. Klíčovým pojmem, na němž platnost vyvození tohoto přesvědčení stojí, je reflexivita – ze zjevně nereflexivního obsahu přesvědčení se vyvozuje přesvědčení reflexivní. Příspěvek se pokouší odhalit, kam je možno reflexivitu v rámci informačního obsahu věty zasadit. Zváženy jsou nejprve dvě možnosti: reflexivita je buď sémantickou vlastností vztahů, nebo anaforických zájmen. Obě možnosti budou vyvráceny prostřednictvím argumentace, že ve větách popisujících vztah mezi obsahy dvou koreferujících singulárních termínů nemůže být reflexivita součástí sémantické informace, jelikož znalost identity reference není podmínkou sémantické kompetence. Reflexivita je u těchto typů vět vázána na koordinaci znalostí mezi mluvčími. Jsou formulovány nutné podmínky, které by platnost daného vyvození teprve ospravedlnily.
Politickofilosofický úklid v čase plurality a zběsilé strnulosti
Authors: Géryk Jan 
Published: April 2024

Autorský kolektiv z Katedry politologie brněnské Fakulty sociálních studií přichází s publikací, která má za cíl představit soudobé politicko-teoretické diskuze nad základními aspekty liberální demokracie, jako jsou například většinové rozhodování, idea lidské důstojnosti nebo vztah demokracie a lidských práv. Nepodává však pouze učebnicový přehled, ale jednotlivé představené koncepce též kriticky hodnotí. Jako problematické pak v obecnějším pohledu vnímá přílišné množství dílčích teoretických inovací spěchajících zachránit liberální demokracii. To totiž v konečném důsledku vede k nesrozumitelné kakofonii, která zevnitř disciplíny politické teorie/politické filosofie vychází. Kniha se tak snaží o systematizaci současných diskuzí a o pojmová vyjasnění. Jako zásadní věc pak vnímá též napětí mezi nutností přijímat legitimní a závazná kolektivní rozhodnutí a skutečností hluboké diverzity v současných společnostech. V poslední kapitole tak Pavel Dufek představuje jako vhodnou inspiraci teorie veřejného ospravedlnění. Tato recenze má za cíl seznámit čtenáře se základní strukturou a argumenty publikace a vnést do debaty s knihou některé další aspekty charakterizující naši postmoderní situaci.
Kauzalita činitele: představení hlavních argumentů knihy
Authors: Dvořák Petr 
Published: April 2024

Článek shrnuje základní argumenty v knize P. Dvořáka Kauzalita činitele. Úvod do analytické diskuse o svobodě vůle (Togga 2020). Kniha obhajuje jednu dílčí teorii, tzv. kauzalitu činitele, coby nejlépe schopnou uchovat naše běžné intuice týkající se významu pojmu svoboda vůle a důsledků pro morální odpovědnost. V první části kniha uvádí základní pojmy a klíčový argument pro inkompatibilismus. Hlavního rivala, kompatibilismus v podobě tzv. standardní teorie (D. Davidson), odmítá ve třetí části. Hlavní teze, která leží v pozadí v obhajované hájené kauzality činitele, spočívá v tom, že kontingentní (sebe-)determinace představuje určitý střed mezi deterministickou a indeterministickou kauzalitou. Druhá část knihy pak hraje pomocnou úlohu: hájí nějaký typ dualismu (ať už vlastností či substanční dualismus) proti nereduktivnímu fyzikalismu tím, že se zaměřuje na tzv. problém vyloučení.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS
Authors: Suprasetyo Yusuf Nomi , Sujiarto Heru Sujiarto , Sulastri Yayu Laila 
Published: April 2024

This research is motivated by the low critical thinking skills of students in mathematics learning in Class XI of SMK Putra Bahari. The aim of this study is to determine the students' critical thinking skills using the inquiry learning model. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted over 3 cycles, following the steps of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The data collected include qualitative data from teacher observations and student observations, as well as quantitative data from learning outcomes obtained through formative tests. The data obtained were analyzed using percentages. The results of the data analysis conclude that there is an improvement in students' critical thinking skills using the inquiry learning model.

Keywords: Critical Thingking Skills, Inquiry -Based Learning
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy detection: Comparison of clinical examination, optomap photographs and fluorescein angiography
Authors: Venkatesh Ramesh , Reddy Nikitha , Jayadev Chaitra , Pulipaka Ram Snehith , Yadav Naresh Kumar , Basavaraj Thirumalesh Mochi 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to analyse the clinical retinal examination findings and undilated Optomap ultrawide field retinal imaging for the detection of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) as compared to the fluorescein angiography (FA).
Materials and methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, five hundred and twenty-three patients diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy on dilated retinal examination underwent fluorescein angiography and undilated Optomap imaging. Fluorescein angiography and undilated Optomap images were graded by masked graders and the diagnosis was labelled either as proliferative diabetic retinopathy or non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Sensitivity and specificity was calculated comparing the diagnosis obtained from the dilated retinal examination and the undilated Optomap images against the fluorescein angiography image findings.
Results: Gradable quality fluorescein angiography and undilated Optomap images with a clinical diagnosis mentioned in the medical record for that particular visit were available in 980 (right eye – 656; 67%; left eye – 324; 33%) eyes of 496 patients. There were 332 (67%) males and 164 (33%) females with a mean age of 60.3 ± 9.51 years (range: 32 – 81 years). Sensitivity of clinical examination and undilated Optomap images in accurately identifying proliferative diabetic retinopathy was 63.5% and 43.5% respectively. Specificity of clinical examination and undilated Optomap images in accurately identifying proliferative diabetic retinopathy was 88.5% and 76.2% respectively. On comparison of the undilated Optomap imaging findings against the clinical examination findings, the sensitivity and specificity were 47.7% and 75.1% respectively.
Conclusion: Both clinical fundus evaluation and undilated Optomap imaging were relatively inferior to fluorescein angiography in the detection of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, which hence remains the choice of imaging modality giving scope for wider application.
Trichotomy of Needs Theory in Stock Market Investment Decision: Evidence from Sri Lanka
Authors: Ekanayake N. P. K. , Anuradha P.A.N.S. 
Published: April 2024

In the discipline of finance, many authors and researchers have claimed that conventional finance is the central point of the finance research arena. However, disciplines such as psychology and sociology found to be crucial in the stock market investment decision. Therefore, this study mainly focuses on the impact of psychological attributes in the stock market investment decision. In order to address the psychological aspect of an individual investor, the authors suggest applying the well-established Trichotomy of Needs Theory by David McClelland. This theory states that every person has one of the three main driving characteristics: the need for power, the need for affiliation, or the need for achievement which ultimately results in behavioural variations. In literature, there is evidence that the Needs Theory impacts managerial decision-making. This study has adopted a quantitative research approach and thus, a modified research questionnaire was applied to a sample of 386 individual stock market investors who have currently invested in the Colombo Stock Exchange. The sample was selected using the systematic random sampling technique. To test the hypothesised relationships between the constructs, a Structural Equation Modelling was performed. Results show that there is a significant positive impact on stock market investment decisions from both the need for affiliation and the need for achievement. It is expected that the model leads to the novel finding that personal characteristics of individual investors explained by their needs lead to variations in their stock market investment decisions, paving the way for behavioural finance forecasting to take such constructs into consideration in order to increase the accuracy of behavioural financing models.
Keywords: Needs Theory, Investment Decision, Need for Power, Need for Affiliation, Need for Achievement
Factors Affecting the Behavioural Intention to Use Cryptocurrency Market among Non-State University Students in Sri Lanka
Authors: Maduranga H.A.C.P. , Bandara H.M.C. , Ravishka E.A. Nipuna , Ranjitha L.D.A. , Dissanayake D. 
Published: April 2024

In the modern digital economy, cryptocurrencies are a relatively new and increasingly growing subject. The use of cryptocurrency is limited to developed countries due to the complicated structure and lack of knowledge of cryptocurrencies. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of awareness and ease of use of cryptocurrency on the behavioural intention of cryptocurrency among non-state university undergraduates in Sri Lanka. The result of the study contributes to the potential investment prospects of cryptocurrency among undergraduates and validates the level of accuracy of knowledge on cryptocurrency among undergraduates in developing countries. The findings further contribute to enhance the international trade experience and promote cryptocurrency usage among the Sri Lankan community by encouraging more people to benefit from cryptocurrency transactions and encourage more diversified investment opportunities. In this analysis, cryptocurrency factors is the independent variable, and there are four sub independent variables: awareness, trust, ease of use, and risk. Cryptocurrency behavioural intention is the dependent variable. A survey was conducted among 379 undergraduates to collect information about the respondents’ perception of the attributes of cryptocurrency as well as their intention to invest in it in the future. The main objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between awareness, trust, ease of use, risk of cryptocurrency and the behavioural intention of cryptocurrency and Pearson Correlation analysis was used for that purpose. Cryptocurrency factors and the dependent variable have a positive relationship, with a 0.01 level of significance for correlation. According to the results of that survey, we selected the snowball sampling technique as the sample design of the survey. Furthermore, AMOS statistical software was used to analyse the data for reliability and validity. Cronbach's alpha for study constructs showed that all values are greater than 0.7, indicating that our data is generally reliable as it is 0.922. The researchers found the overall validity using KMO and Bartlett’s test as the value of 0.849 and it should be more than 0.5 as it is. These findings aid in understanding people’s behaviour and predicting how successful and promising a cryptocurrency will be in the future.
Keywords: Cryptocurrency, Awareness, Trust, Ease of Use, Risk