bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of alcohol on several physiological functions and its reversibility: a surgical view
Authors: Tennesen H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAlcohol intake influences several physiological functions, including the haemostatic system, the cellular immune defence and the cardiac function, but to a different degree depending on the drinking habits.Restoration of these functions after withdrawal seems time related. The haemostatic imbalance normalizes within two or three weeks of soberness while the immune system requires about two months to recover.Recent studies have showed very increased postoperative morbidity after surgery in alcohol abusers, which may be explained by alcohol‐induced physiological dysfunctions.Theoretically, two months of abstinence before a surgical procedure would diminish the increased postoperative morbidity among alcohol abusers. However, further investigation is necessary to establish a clinical effect of preoperative withdrawal from alcohol.
A cluster‐analytically derived subtyping of chronic affective disorders
Authors: Furukawa T. , Sumita Y. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis article aims to propose a mathematically legitimate and externally validated subclassification of chronic affective disorders. Three subtypes emerged from the cluster analysis of the symptom data of 40 patients with chronic affective disorder that had been present without remission for more than 2 years; the subtypes were then validated by psychosocial variables. The first cluster, a predominantly male group with young onset, is characterized by past history of psychotic features and is named psychotic subtype. The second cluster, a predominantly female group with late onset, is tentatively called late‐onset female subtype. The third cluster has the youngest onset and the longest duration, and is characterized by early object loss and high neuroticism score: depressive personality subtype.
Suicide attempts among Greek and Danish women and the quality of their relationships with husbands or boyfriends
Authors: Arcel L. T. , Mantonakis J. , Petersson B. , Jemos J. , Kaliteraki E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractGreek and Danish women 15–45 years old who attempted suicide were interviewed with an extensive semistructured schedule, in Athens and Copenhagen, after admission to the intensive care unit of 2 general hospitals and one psychiatric reception ward. This article presents 2 groups from each country, a group of married women and a group with steady relationships (n= 56), focusing on the quality of their relationships and their significance for the women's suicide attempts. Most of the women in both countries had very poor relationships, as concerns communication, intimacy, concern, recreation, sharing of everyday activities and social and private life. A high degree of psychological and physical violence was found in all 4 groups. The burdensome and humiliating relationship created shame in the women. After unsuccessful attempts to change the relationship and inability to leave it because of financial and emotional dependence, the women attempted suicide to escape from the situation.
Antidepressants and drug‐metabolizing enzymes — expert group report
Authors: Meyer U. A. , Amrein R. , Balant L. P. , Bertilsson L. , Eichelbaum M. , Guente T. W. , Henauer S. , Jackson P. , Laux G. , Mikkelsen H. , Peck C. , Pollock B. G. , Priest R. , Sjöqvist F. , Delini‐Stula A. 
Published: August 2007

Antidepressant drugs are extensively metabolized. Consequently, the biotransformation pattern of antidepressants has an important influence on their clinical properties, i.e., pharmacokinetics, toxicity, drug‐drug interactions, side‐effect profile and last but not least therapeutic efficacy. It was against this background that a multidisciplinary group of experts discussed the clinical relevance of the rapidly increasing body of knowledge of antidepressant‐metabolizing enzymes. The variability of the response of a given individual to an antidepressant is determined genetically and by the environment. Genetic polymorphism of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and inhibition by other substrates may affect the enzymatic biotransformation of antidepressants. In vitro assay techniques allow an estimation of the potential variability in clinical response to antidepressants and a reasonable prediction of the drug‐drug interaction patterns. The results of in vitro tests should therefore be considered early in the development of an antidepressant as a background for designing clinical studies (treatment schedules and dosing).Physicians should have an understanding of the relevance of genetic polymorphism for clinical practice. Education is needed in order to fill the existing gaps in knowledge about antidepressant‐enzyme interactions and their application in daily treatment practice. The information on potential drug interactions determined by genetic polymorphism and based on studies with enzymes should be increasingly contained in drug compendia.
A 5‐year follow‐up study of suicide attempts
Authors: Fridell E. Johnsson , Öjehagen A. , Träskman‐Bendz I. 
Published: August 2007

Johnsson Fridell E, Öjehagen A, Träskman‐Bendz L. A 5‐year follow‐up study of suicide attempts. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996: 93: 151–157. Q Munksgaard 1996.Seventy‐five patients were admitted to the ward of the Lund Suicide Research Center following a suicide attempt. After 5 years, the patients were followed up by a personal semistructured interview covering sociodemographic, psychosocial and psychiatric areas. Ten patients (13%) had committed suicide during the follow‐up period, the majority within 2 years. They tended to be older at the index attempt admission, and most of them had a mood disorder in comparison with the others. Two patients had died from somatic diseases. Forty‐two patients were interviewed, of whom 17 (40%) had reattempted during the follow‐up period, most of them within 3 years. Predictors for reattempt were young age, personality disorder, parents having received treatment for psychiatric disorder, and a poor social network. At the index attempt, none of the reattempters had diagnoses of adjustment disorders or anxiety disorders. At follow‐up, reattempters had more psychiatric symptoms (SCL‐90), and their overall functioning (GAF) was poor compared to those who did not reattempt. All of the reattempters had had long‐lasting treatment (> 3 years) as compared to 56% of the others. It is of great clinical importance to focus on treatment strategies for the vulnerable subgroup of self‐destructive reattempters.
What do anxiety scales measure?
Authors: Keedwell P. , Snaith R. P. 
Published: August 2007

Keedwell P, Snaith RP. What do anxiety scales measure? Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996: 93: 177–180. c&#x030a; Munksgaard 1996.At present researchers appear to rely on instruments for the assessment of anxiety without due consideration of what it is that the instrument may be presumed to measure. A survey was undertaken of the presently most frequently used rating scales which purport to assess anxiety. The allocation of items of the scales to the major aspects of anxiety was examined. It was found that the scales tapped different areas of psychopathology. Furtherance of research requires closer attention to the nature of the scales and the assumption that they all measure much the same construct must be discarded.
The sleep of non‐depressed patients with panic disorder: a comparison with normal controls
Authors: Arriaga F. , Paiva T. , Matos‐Pires A. , Cavaglia F. , Lara E. , Bastos L. 
Published: August 2007

Arriaga F, Paiva T, Matos‐Pires A, Cavaglia F, Lara E, Bastos L. The sleep of non‐depressed patients with panic disorder: a comparison with normal controls. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996: 93: 191–194. © Munksgaard 1996.All‐night sleep EEG recordings were performed in non‐depressed patients with panic disorder, agoraphobia, and a group of age‐ and sex‐matched normal controls. Patients were selected according to DSM‐IV and all subjects were studied under drug‐free conditions. In addition to sleep continuity disturbances, patients with panic disorder have a reduced percentage of slow wave sleep, mainly due to diminished amounts of stage 4. REM sleep characteristics are identical in the two groups. When depressive co‐morbidity and non‐specific causes of insomnia are excluded, the sleep EEG of panic patients seems to be characterized by modest changes in sleep continuity and sleep architecture. These findings favour the existence of a neurophysiological frontier between anxiety disorders and depressive illness.
Subjective experience of treatment, side‐effects, mental state and quality of life in chronic schizophrenic out‐patients treated with depot neuroleptics
Authors: Larsen E. B. , Gerlach J. 
Published: August 2007

Larsen EB, Gerlach J. Subjective experience of treatment, side‐effects, mental state and quality of life in chronic schizophrenic out‐patients treated with depot neuroleptics.Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996: 93: 381–388. © Munksgaard 1996.Attitude towards treatment, side‐effects, mental state and quality of life was assessed in 53 chronic schizophrenic out‐patients on maintenance treatment with depot neuroleptics. It was found that 60% of the patients viewed depot medication positively, while only 8% viewed it negatively. Only 70% of patients complained about side‐effects, even though 94% had scored as having them. Hypokinesia and hyperkinesis were the side‐effects least noticed by the patients, but most noticed by the treating physician, while the opposite was the case with psychic side‐effects. Only 49% of patients thought they had a psychotic illness, and there was no correlation between the patients' own evaluation of the severity of their illness and their score on the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) or the treating physician's evaluation. Quality of life did not correlate with either side‐effect score or PANSS score. The schizophrenic patients' assessment of their condition was therefore in general different both from that of the treating physician and from that determined using rating scales.
WHEN DOES A REGULATION BECOME A TAKING? THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT'S MOST RECENT PRONOUNCEMENTS
Authors: KRAMER DANIEL C. 
Published: August 2007

Summary Keystone Bituminous Coal, Irving, and Nollan are thus each consistent with paths taken in relevant precedents–the former two with “multifactor balancing” cases such as Penn Central and the latter with “enduring invasion equals taking” decisions such as Loretto v. TeleprompterM. However, can these twosets of precedents themselves be reconciled? I believe that the correct answer is “yes,” and that we therefore have another reason for asserting that Keystone Bituminous Coal and Nollan are consistent with each other. The tests are compatible in that the Court will first ask itself whether the regulation results in a longstanding occupation of property. If the answer is “yes,” it will declare a seizure then and there. Only if the answer if “no” will it proceed to balance.
An Investigation of the Relationship Between Acoustic Emission, Vibration, Noise, and Cavitation Structures on a Kaplan Turbine
Authors: Rus Tomaž , Dular Matevž , Širok Brane , Hočevar Marko , Kern Igor 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe goal of the study was to explain the relationship between different acoustic signals and visual appearance of cavitation. Measurements of acoustic emission, vibration, and noise were performed on a Kaplan turbine model, with only two blades, in a cavitating condition. Since a model with only two blades was used, most of the side effects were eliminated, and it was concluded that the cavitation itself is the source of the recorded signal. Results showed an interesting relationship between the extent of the cavitation and the recorded data from sensors. At a decreasing cavitation number, the recorded amplitudes from all measurements first rose, experienced a local maximum, then fell to a local minimum, and finally rose again. The cavitation was also visually observed. It was concluded from the measurements that there are distinct correlations between acoustic emission, vibration, and noise on one side and the topology, extent, and type of cavitation structures on the other side. A physical explanation for the phenomenon was introduced and included in a semi-empirical model that links the visual appearance of cavitation on the blade of the turbine to the generated noise and vibration.
European Multicenter Evaluation of Commercial Enzyme Immunoassays for Detecting Norovirus Antigen in Fecal Samples
Authors: Gray Jim J. , Kohli Evelyne , Ruggeri Franco M. , Vennema Harry , Sánchez-Fauquier Alicia , Schreier Eckart , Gallimore Chris I. , Iturriza-Gomara Miren , Giraudon Helene , Pothier Pierre , Di Bartolo Ilaria , Inglese Nadia , de Bruin Erwin , van der Veer Bas , Moreno Silvia , Montero Vanessa , de Llano Marí C. , Höhne Marina , Diedrich Sabine M. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT
A total of 2,254 fecal samples were tested in a European multicenter evaluation of commercially available norovirus antigen detection assays. Two commercial enzyme immunoassays, IDEIA Norovirus (Oxoid; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Ely, United Kingdom) and RIDASCREEN Norovirus (R-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany), were included in the evaluation, and their performance was compared with the results of reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Included in the evaluation were samples collected in sporadic cases of gastroenteritis, samples from outbreaks in which two or more samples were collected, well-characterized samples representing genotypes currently cocirculating within Europe, and samples collected from patients with gastroenteritis caused by a pathogen other than norovirus. The sensitivities and specificities of the IDEIA Norovirus and RIDASCREEN Norovirus assays were 58.93 and 43.81% and 93.91 and 96.37%, respectively, compared with RT-PCR. The sensitivities of both assays for outbreak investigations improved when six or more samples from an outbreak were examined. The IDEIA Norovirus assay exhibited reactivity to a broader range of norovirus genotypes than the RIDASCREEN Norovirus assay, which showed genotype-dependent sensitivities. The results indicate that, if used, these assays should serve as screening assays and the results should be confirmed by RT-PCR.
Two Trypanosome-Specific Proteins Are Essential Factors for 5S rRNA Abundance and Ribosomal Assembly in
Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Hellman Kristina M. , Ciganda Martin , Brown Silvia V. , Li Jinlei , Ruyechan William , Williams Noreen 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

We have previously identified and characterized two novel nuclear RNA binding proteins, p34 and p37, which have been shown to bind 5S rRNA in
Trypanosoma brucei
. These two proteins are nearly identical, with one major difference, an 18-amino-acid insert in the N-terminal region of p37, as well as three minor single-amino-acid differences. Homologues to p34 and p37 have been found only in other trypanosomatids, suggesting that these proteins are unique to this ancient family. We have employed RNA interference (RNAi) studies in order to gain further insight into the interaction between p34 and p37 with 5S rRNA in
T. brucei
. In our p34/p37 RNAi cells, decreased expression of the p34 and p37 proteins led to morphological alterations, including loss of cell shape and vacuolation, as well as to growth arrest and ultimately to cell death. Disruption of a higher-molecular-weight complex containing 5S rRNA occurs as well as a dramatic decrease in 5S rRNA levels, suggesting that p34 and p37 serve to stabilize 5S rRNA. In addition, an accumulation of 60S ribosomal subunits was observed, accompanied by a significant decrease in overall protein synthesis within p34/p37 RNAi cells. Thus, the loss of the trypanosomatid-specific proteins p34 and p37 correlates with a diminution in 5S rRNA levels as well as a decrease in ribosome activity and an alteration in ribosome biogenesis.
Class I Histone Deacetylase Thd1p Promotes Global Chromatin Condensation in
Tetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Parker Kathryn , Maxson Julia , Mooney Alissa , Wiley Emily A. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

Class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate DNA-templated processes such as transcription. They act both at specific loci and more generally across global chromatin, contributing to acetylation patterns that may underlie large-scale chromatin dynamics. Although hypoacetylation is correlated with highly condensed chromatin, little is known about the contribution of individual HDACs to chromatin condensation mechanisms. Using the ciliated protozoan
Tetrahymena thermophila
, we investigated the role of a specific class I HDAC, Τhd1p, in the reversible condensation of global chromatin. In this system, the normal physiological response to cell starvation includes the widespread condensation of the macronuclear chromatin and general repression of gene transcription. We show that the chromatin in Thd1p-deficient cells failed to condense during starvation. The condensation failure correlated with aberrant hyperphosphorylation of histone H1 and the overexpression of
CDC2
, encoding the major histone H1 kinase. Changes in the rate of acetate turnover on core histones and in the distribution of acetylated lysines 9 and 23/27 on histone H3 isoforms that were found to correlate with normal chromatin condensation were absent from Thd1p mutant cells. These results point to a role for a class I HDAC in the formation of reversible higher-order chromatin structures and global genome compaction through mechanisms involving the regulation of H1 phosphorylation and core histone acetylation/deacetylation kinetics.
DNA Microarray-Based Detection and Identification of Fungal Pathogens in Clinical Samples from Neutropenic Patients
Authors: Spiess Birgit , Seifarth Wolfgang , Hummel Margit , Frank Oliver , Fabarius Alice , Zheng Chun , Mörz Handan , Hehlmann Rüdiger , Buchheidt Dieter 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

The increasing incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFI) in immunocompromised patients emphasizes the need to improve diagnostic tools. We established a DNA microarray to detect and identify DNA from 14 fungal pathogens (
Aspergillus fumigatus
,
Aspergillus flavus
,
Aspergillus terreus
,
Candida albicans
,
Candida dubliniensis
,
Candida glabrata
,
Candida lusitaniae
,
Candida tropicalis
,
Fusarium oxysporum
,
Fusarium solani
,
Mucor racemosus
,
Rhizopus microsporus
,
Scedosporium prolificans
, and
Trichosporon asahii
) in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, and tissue samples from high-risk patients. The assay combines multiplex PCR and consecutive DNA microarray hybridization. PCR primers and capture probes were derived from unique sequences of the 18S, 5.8S, and internal transcribed spacer 1 regions of the fungal rRNA genes. Hybridization with genomic DNA of fungal species resulted in species-specific hybridization patterns. By testing clinical samples from 46 neutropenic patients with proven, probable, or possible IFI or without IFI, we detected
A. flavus
,
A. fumigatus
,
C. albicans
,
C. dubliniensis
,
C. glabrata
,
F. oxysporum
,
F. solani
,
R. microsporus
,
S. prolificans
, and
T. asahii
. For 22 of 22 patients (5 without IFI and 17 with possible IFI), negative diagnostic results corresponded with negative microarray data. For 11 patients with proven (
n
= 4), probable (
n
= 2), and possible IFI (
n
= 5), data for results positive by microarray were validated by other diagnostic findings. For 11 of 11 patients with possible IFI, the microarray results provided additional information. For two patients with proven and probable invasive aspergillosis, respectively, microarray results were negative. The assay detected genomic DNA from 14 fungal pathogens from the clinical samples, pointing to a high significance for improving the diagnosis of IFI.
Functional Modulation of the Geminivirus AL2 Transcription Factor and Silencing Suppressor by Self-Interaction
Authors: Yang Xiaojuan , Baliji Surendranath , Buchmann R. Cody , Wang Hui , Lindbo John A. , Sunter Garry , Bisaro David M. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

The DNA genomes of geminiviruses have a limited coding capacity that is compensated for by the production of small multifunctional proteins. The AL2 protein encoded by members of the genus
Begomovirus
(e.g.,
Tomato golden mosaic virus
) is a transcriptional activator, a silencing suppressor, and a suppressor of a basal defense. The related L2 protein of
Beet curly top virus
(genus
Curtovirus
) shares the pathogenicity functions of AL2 but lacks transcriptional activation activity. It is known that AL2 and L2 can suppress local silencing by interacting with adenosine kinase (ADK) and can suppress basal defense by interacting with SNF1 kinase. However, how the activities of these viral proteins are regulated remains an unanswered question. Here, we provide some answers by demonstrating that AL2, but not L2, interacts with itself. The zinc finger-like motif (CCHC) is required but is not sufficient for AL2 self-interaction. Alanine substitutions for the invariant cysteine residues that comprise the motif abolish self-interaction or cause aberrant subnuclear localization but do not abolish interaction with ADK and SNF1. Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation, we show that AL2:AL2 complexes accumulate primarily in the nucleus, whereas AL2:ADK and L2:ADK complexes accumulate mainly in the cytoplasm. Further, the cysteine residue mutations impair the ability of AL2 to activate the coat protein promoter but do not affect local silencing suppression. Thus, AL2 self-interaction correlates with nuclear localization and efficient activation of transcription, whereas AL2 and L2 monomers can suppress local silencing by interacting with ADK in the cytoplasm.
Three-Dimensional Structure of the Human Cytomegalovirus Cytoplasmic Virion Assembly Complex Includes a Reoriented Secretory Apparatus
Authors: Das Subhendu , Vasanji Amit , Pellett Philip E. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) induces profound changes in infected cell morphology, including a large cytoplasmic inclusion that corresponds to the virion assembly complex (AC). In electron micrographs, the AC is a highly vacuolated part of the cytoplasm. Markers of cellular secretory organelles have been visualized at the outer edge of the AC, and we recently showed that a marker for early endosomes (i.e., early endosome antigen 1) localizes to the center of the AC. Here, we examined the relationship between the AC and components of the secretory apparatus, studied temporal aspects of the dramatic infection-induced cytoplasmic remodeling, examined the three-dimensional structure of the AC, and considered the implications of our observations for models of HCMV virion maturation and egress. We made three major observations. First, in addition to being relocated, the expression levels of some organelle markers change markedly during the period while the AC is developing. Second, based on three-dimensional reconstructions from z-series confocal microscopic images, the observed concentric rings of vesicles derived from the several compartments (Golgi bodies, the
trans
-Golgi network [TGN], and early endosomes) are arranged as nested cylinders of organelle-specific vesicles. Third, the membrane protein biosynthetic and exocytic pathways from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi bodies, TGN, and early endosomes are in an unusual arrangement that nonetheless allows for a conventional order of biosynthesis and transport. Our model of AC structure suggests a mechanism by which the virus can regulate the order of tegument assembly.