bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal and transversal two‐point correlations in a turbulent flow
Authors: Stresing Robert , Barth Stephan , Peinke Joachim 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBased on measurements with hot‐wire anemometers in a fully developed turbulent flow in the wake of a cylinder we investigate different aspects of longitudinal and transversal two‐point correlations. In particular we use Taylor's hypothesis as well as simultaneous measurements with two X‐hot‐wire probes, and investigate how these correlations change with the relative orientation of their separation vector with respect to the mean flow direction. For the wake at a distance of eighty cylinder diameters at a Reynolds number Re = 28 000 (Taylor‐based Reynolds number Reλ = 290), we find evidence of strong anisotropy. We analyze the data using increment statistics, in particular increment distributions and structure functions. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
DNS of a Turbulent Channel Flow with Streamwise Rotation ‐ Study of the Reverse Effect of the Cross Flow
Authors: Weller Tanja , Oberlack Martin 
Published: January 2007

AbstractModeling of rotating turbulent flows is a major issue in engineering applications. In this work a turbulent channel flow rotating about the streamwise direction is presented. The theory is based on the investigations of [3] employing Lie group analysis. It was found that a cross flow in spanwise direction is induced. A series of direct numerical simulations (DNS) has been conducted for both different rotation rates and different Reynolds numbers to validate the cross flow. In addition some new interesting effects were observed. The averaged profile ū3 of the cross flow is formed like a ‘S’ that means it exhibits a triple zero‐crossing which denotes regions of reverse flow. Alaso a reverse effect is seen which means that for small rotation rates up to Ro=10 the spanwise mean velocity profiles increase and at rotation number Ro=14 this effect appears to reverse. Both effects were observed at two different Reynolds numbers Re = 180 and Re = 270. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
3D simulations and experiments of flow in a folded microchannel
Authors: Barz Dominik P. J. , Farengis Zadeh Hamid , Ehrhard Peter 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe investigate the three–dimensional pressure–driven flow field in a folded microchannel. Experiments and numerical simulations are performed. A method termed “partial particle tracking”, resulting in partial velocity profiles, indicates that secondary flows exist. The comparison of numerical and experimental partial velocity fields shows good agreement. The existence of secondary flow results from centrifugal forces due to the curved channel geometry. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Untersuchung eines scherverdünnenden Fluids im Zylinderspalt
Authors: Smieszek M. , Egbers C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractEs wird das Strömungsverhalten eines viskoelastisches, scherverdünnendes Fluid imTaylor‐Couette‐Systemuntersucht. Zusätzlich werden Vergleichsmessungen mit einem Newtonschen Fluid durchgeführt. Die bestimmten kritischen Übergänge werden als Funktion der Reynoldszahl in Stabilitätsdiagrammen aufgetragen. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐related protein 1 (IGFBP‐rP1) has potential tumour‐suppressive activity in human lung cancer
Authors: Chen Y , Pacyna‐Gengelbach M , Ye F , Knösel T , Lund P , Deutschmann N , Schlüns K , Kotb WFMA , Sers C , Yasumoto H , Usui T , Petersen I 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe expression of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐related protein 1 (IGFBP‐rP1) is decreased in various tumours, but the role of IGFBP‐rP1 in lung cancer is not yet clear. In this study, IGFBP‐rP1 expression in lung cancer cell lines was evaluated and reduced expression of IGFBP‐rP1 was found. In tissue microarrays containing 138 primary tumours and 20 normal lung tissues analysed by immunohistochemistry, 58 tumours (42%) exhibited no expression of IGFBP‐rP1, while all 20 normal lung tissues showed high expression. In squamous cell lung cancer, low expression of IGFBP‐rP1 was significantly linked to high‐grade tumours. Treatment with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine restored the expression of IGFBP‐rP1 in three of four lung cancer cell lines. Sequencing of PCR products of sodium bisulphite‐treated genomic DNA from the three lung cancer cell lines revealed a heterogeneous methylation pattern in the region of exon 1 and intron 1. Stable transfection of IGFBP‐rP1 full‐length cDNA into the H2170 lung cancer cell line led to increased expression of IGFBP‐rP1 protein. IGFBP‐rP1‐positive transfectants exhibited remarkably reduced colony‐forming ability in soft agar, suppression of tumour growth rate in nude mice, and increased apoptotic cell number as well as activated caspase‐3 expression level. The data suggest that IGFBP‐rP1 is a tumour suppressor inactivated by DNA methylation in human lung cancer. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1,3‐dichlorotetra‐n‐butyldistannoxane as a novel ATRP initiator: Property, catalysis ability, and mechanism
Authors: Xu Zhi , Yin Shougen , Lei Bin , Lu Yan , Chang Weixing , Li Jing 
Published: January 2007

Abstract1,3‐dichloro‐tetra‐n‐butyl‐distannoxane, which contains SnCl bonds, was used as a novel initiator for atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene in bulk. Some interesting results that were thought to be related to the characteristics of the 1,3‐dihalotetra‐alkyl‐distannoxanes had been obtained. The concentration of the 1,3‐dichlorotetra‐n‐butyl‐distannoxane in the bulk solution of styrene was confirmed to be an important factor for the different results of the polymerization. The corrected theoretical molecular weights, which were based on the proposed mechanism, accorded with the GPC results very well. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 942–948, 2007
Functionalization of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles with poly(methyl methacrylate) brushes via grafting‐from atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Garcia I. , Zafeiropoulos N. E. , Janke A. , Tercjak A. , Eceiza A. , Stamm M. , Mondragon I. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA key problem with nanomaterials is the difficulty of controlling the dispersion of nanoparticles inside an organic medium. To overcome this problem, functionalization of the nanoparticle surface is required. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brushes were grown on the surface of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles with atom transfer radical polymerization and a grafting‐from approach. Modified magnetic nanoparticles with a graft density of 0.1 PMMA chains/nm2 were obtained. Cu(II), used as a deactivating complex, allowed good control of the polymerization along with a narrow polydispersity of the polymer chains. The functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, gel permeation chromatography, and atomic force microscopy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 925–932, 2007
Antiplasmodial activity of Setaria megaphylla
Authors: Okokon Jude E. , Ubulom Peace M. E. , Udokpoh Aniekan E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe antimalarial activity of an ethanol leaf extract of Setaria megaphylla was studied in vivo in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei berghei during early and established infections. Setaria megaphylla (100–300 mg/kg/day) exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) blood schizonticidal activity in 4‐day early infection and in established infection with a significant (p < 0.05) mean survival time comparable to that of the standard drug, chloroquine, 5 mg/kg/day. The leaf extract possesses a promising antiplasmodial activity in vivo which can be exploited in malaria therapy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ursolic acid plays a role in Nepeta sibthorpii Bentham CNS depressing effects
Authors: Taviano M. F. , Miceli N. , Monforte M. T. , Tzakou O. , Galati E. M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe sedative, anticonvulsant and analgesic activity of ursolic acid, a terpenoid bioassay‐isolated from Nepeta sibthorpii Bentham, was evaluated in mice. The oral administration of ursolic acid (2.3 mg/kg) produced a significant depressant effect on CNS by reducing spontaneous motor activity and the number and lethality of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)‐induced seizures. Two models of nociception, the writhing test and the hot plate test, were also used to examine the analgesic effect of ursolic acid. At a dose of 2.3 mg/kg, ursolic acid caused an inhibition of acetic acid‐induced abdominal constriction, but was inactive in the hot plate test. Treatment at a higher dose (20 mg/kg) significantly increased the reaction time in the hot plate test. This effect, reversed by naloxone, evidently involves opioid receptors, but the analgesic activity of ursolic acid may be related also to the antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties of this compound. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro activities of Citrus medica L. cv. Diamante (Diamante citron) relevant to treatment of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Conforti Filomena , Statti Giancarlo Antonio , Tundis Rosa , Loizzo Monica Rosa , Menichini Francesco 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe present study showed for the first time the in vitro properties (antioxidant, hypoglycaemic and anticholinesterase) of Citrus medica L. cv. Diamante which belongs to the Rutaceae family. The n‐hexane extract of Diamante citron peel is characterized by the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The most abundant constituents were two monoterpenes: limonene and γ‐terpinene. The extract showed significant antioxidant activity that was carried out using different assays (DPPH test, β‐carotene bleaching test and bovine brain peroxidation assay). Oxidative damage, caused by the action of free radicals, may initiate and promote the progression of a number of chronic diseases, including diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Diamante citron peel extract showed hypoglycaemic activity and an anticholinesterase effect. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extract of Hypericum perforatum blocks caffeine‐induced locomotor activity in mice: a possible role of nitric oxide
Authors: Uzbay I. Tayfun , Coskun Ilke , Kayir Hakan , Ozturk Nilgun , Ozturk Yusuf 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of HPE on caffeine‐induced locomotor activity in mice. Caffeine (4–16 mg/kg) or saline were given to adult male Swiss‐Webster mice, and the locomotor activity was immediately measured for 30 min. HPE (6–48 mg/kg) and saline were injected to another group of mice and the locomotor activity was measured 20 min later. HPE (6–24 mg/kg) was also administered to another group of mice 20 min before caffeine (16 mg/kg) injections and the locomotor activity was recorded for 30 min immediately after caffeine administrations. Finally l‐arginine (1 g/kg) was administered i.p. 20 min before HPE (6 mg/kg) and the locomotor activity was measured as mentioned above. Each group of mice was used only once. Caffeine produced some significant increases in locomotor activity of the mice. HPE (6–24 mg/kg) significantly blocked the caffeine‐induced locomotor hyperactivity. Pretreatment of l‐arginine (1 g/kg) reversed the inhibitory effect of HPE (6 mg/kg) on caffeine‐induced locomotor activity without producing any significant effect on locomotor activity of the mice when it was administered alone. The results suggest that HPE blocks caffeine‐induced locomotor hyperactivity in mice. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of HPE on caffeine‐induced locomotor activity may be related to its NOS inhibitory property. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Vitro antimycotic activity of xanthorrhizol isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. against opportunistic filamentous fungi
Authors: Rukayadi Yaya , Hwang Jae‐Kwan 
Published: January 2007

AbstractXanthorrhizol was isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Zingiberaceae) and its in vitro activity against opportunistic filamentous fungi was evaluated using the NCCLS (M38‐A) standard method. Xanthorrhizol was found to be active against all the species tested, namely Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus oryzae and Trichophyton mentagrophytes: the MICs being 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0, 1.0 and 1.0 µg/mL, while the MFCs were 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 8.0, 2.0 and 2.0 µg/mL, respectively. The susceptibility of six species of filamentous fungi to xanthorrhizol was comparable to that of the commercial antifungal, amphotericin B. Xanthorrhizol also has activity to inhibit the conidial germination of all tested species. The results strongly suggest that xanthorrhizol can be developed as a natural antifungal agent. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissociation between apoptosis, neurogenesis, and synaptic potentiation in the dentate gyrus of adrenalectomized rats
Authors: Krugers H.J. , van der Linden S. , van Olst E. , Alfarez D.N. , Maslam S. , Lucassen P.J. , Joëls M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractRemoval of adrenal hormone corticosterone in rats aged 3–4 months results within 3 days in acceleration of apoptosis and proliferation of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus (DG). A critical question is whether such a shift in the maturity of dentate cells after adrenalectomy (ADX) affects synaptic plasticity. To address this question, male rats were adrenalectomized and synaptic potentiation was recorded in vitro in hippocampal slices, as well as in vivo, in response to high frequency stimulation of the perforant path, 3 days after ADX. At this time‐point, cell loss was assessed and proliferation was examined. Based on two independent parameters, bromodeoxyuridine and Ki‐67, we found that removal of the adrenal glands increases proliferation rate. This increase in proliferation was, in particular, evident in those animals that displayed substantial cell loss. The accelerated cell‐turnover after ADX was accompanied by reduced synaptic potentiation, both when recorded in vitro and in vivo. Corticosterone replacement in vivo (in adrenalectomized animals), at levels that activate the mineralocorticoid receptor, prevented ADX‐induced proliferation, apoptosis, and restored synaptic potentiation to control levels. Importantly, corticosterone applied to slices from adrenalectomized rats also normalized synaptic potentiation, despite increased proliferation. This suggests that changes in cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death in the DG are not necessarily key factors determining the efficacy of synaptic potentiation. Synapse 61:221–230, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Agonist‐dependent internalization of D2 receptors: Imaging quantification by confocal microscopy
Authors: Goggi Julian L. , Sardini Alessandro , Egerton Alice , Strange Philip G. , Grasby Paul M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography studies using D2 dopamine (DA) receptor radiotracers, a decrease in radiotracer binding potential (BP) is usually interpreted in terms of increased competition with synaptic DA. However, some data suggest that this signal may also reflect agonist (DA)‐induced increases in D2 receptor (D2R) internalization, a process which would presumably also decrease the population of receptors available for binding to hydrophilic radioligands. To advance interpretation of alterations in D2 radiotracer BP, direct methods of assessment of D2R internalization are required. Here, we describe a confocal microscopy‐based approach for the quantification of agonist‐dependent receptor internalization. The method relies upon double‐labeling of the receptors with antibodies directed against intracellular as well as extracellular epitopes. Following agonist stimulation, DA D2R internalization was quantified by differentiating, in optical cell sections, the signal due to the staining of the extracellular from intracellular epitopes of D2Rs. Receptor internalization was increased in the presence of the D2 agonists DA and bromocriptine, but not the D1 agonist SKF38393. Pretreatment with either the D2 antagonist sulpiride, or inhibitors of internalization (phenylarsine oxide and high molarity sucrose), blocked D2‐agonist induced receptor internalization, thus validating this method in vitro. This approach therefore provides a direct and streamlined methodology for investigating the pharmacological and mechanistic aspects of D2R internalization, and should inform the interpretation of results from in vivo receptor imaging studies. Synapse 61:231–241, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PET imaging of neurokinin‐1 receptors with [18F]SPA‐RQ in human subjects: Assessment of reference tissue models and their test–retest reproducibility
Authors: Yasuno Fumihiko , Sanabria Sandra M. , Burns Donald , Hargreaves Richard J. , Ghose Subroto , Ichise Masanori , Chin Frederick T. , Morse Cheryl L. , Pike Victor W. , Innis Robert B. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract[18F]SPA‐RQ (substance P antagonist receptor quantifier) labels the substance P‐preferring (NK1) receptor in human brain. A prior study showed that [18F]SPA‐RQ brain uptake can be quantified with a reference tissue method and thereby avoid invasive blood sampling. The purposes of this study were to compare three different reference tissue methods and to assess test–retest reproducibility. Eight healthy subjects underwent two [18F]SPA‐RQ scans. We calculated the binding potential (BP), which is proportional to receptor density, from both regional volume of interest and voxel‐wise data. We compared three reference tissue methods: simplified reference tissue model, multilinear reference tissue model (MRTM), and its two‐parameter version (MRTM2). The three methods generated equivalent values of regional BP, but MRTM2 was the most resistant to noise. Temporally stable values of BP were obtained with 240 min of imaging data. MRTM2 had excellent test–retest reproducibility, with high reliability (intraclass correlation > 0.9) and low variability (< 10%). In addition to regional volume of interest analysis, we also created parametric images of BP, variability, and reliability based on voxel‐wise time–activity data. The reproducibility of parametric BP was also good, with variability < 20% and reliability > 0.7 in gray matter regions. In conclusion, a two‐parameter reference tissue method (MRTM2) provided reproducible and reliable measurements of [18F]SPA‐RQ brain uptake using 240 min of both regional and voxel‐wise data. Synapse 61:242–251, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Signaling by hepatocyte growth factor in neurons is induced by pharmacological stimulation of synaptic activity
Authors: Tyndall Stephanie J. , Walikonis Randall S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractActivity‐dependent signaling by growth factors is hypothesized to link synaptic activity to structural and functional modifications of neurons. The receptor tyrosine kinase Met and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), are clustered at excitatory synapses and may regulate aspects of excitatory synaptic function, as HGF increases expression of excitatory synaptic proteins, enhances their clustering at sites along dendrites, and increases current through the NMDA receptor. In this article, we test for secretion or activation of HGF and for activation of Met in response to pharmacological stimulation of synaptic activity. Stimulation of dissociated hippocampal neuron cultures with glutamate caused increased immunocytochemical staining against HGF on nonpermeabilized cells. Glutamate treatment also decreased the amount of pro HGF and increased the amount of the proteolytically‐activated HGF in immunoblots of neuron culture lysates, and increased the levels of activated HGF in culture media. Stimulation of neuron cultures with glutamate or bicuculline induced autophosphorylation of Met on dendrites and the soma of neurons. Pretreatment of neurons with glutamate receptor inhibitors prior to glutamate treatment blocked autophosphorylation of Met. These results suggest that HGF can participate in activity‐dependent signaling in neurons. Synapse 61:199–204, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methamphetamine blood concentrations in human abusers: Application to pharmacokinetic modeling
Authors: Melega William P. , Cho Arthur K. , Harvey Dennis , Laćan Goran 
Published: January 2007

AbstractCharacterization of methamphetamine's (METH) dose‐dependent effects on brain neurochemistry may represent a critical component for better understanding the range of resultant behavioral pathologies. Most human studies, however, have assessed only the effects of long term, high dose METH abuse (e.g., greater than 1000 mg/day) in individuals meeting DSM‐IV criteria for METH dependence. Yet, for the majority of METH abusers, their patterns of METH exposure that consist of lower doses remain less well‐characterized. In this study, blood samples were obtained from 105 individuals detained by police for possible criminal activity and testing positive for stimulants by EMIT assay. METH blood concentrations were subsequently quantified by GC‐MS and were predominantly in the low micromolar range (0.1–11.1 μM), with median and mean values of 1.3 μM (0.19 mg/l) and 2 μM (0.3 mg/l), respectively. Pharmacokinetic calculations based on these measured values were used to estimate initial METH body burdens, the median value being 52 mg. Modeling a 52 mg dose for a 4 day–METH maintenance exposure pattern of 4 doses/day at 4 h intervals showed that blood concentrations remained between 1 and 4 μM during this period. Collectively, these data present evidence for a METH exposure pattern distinct from high dose‐METH abuse and provide the rationale for assessing potential brain pathology associated with such lower dose‐METH exposure. Synapse 61:216–220, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Systems Engineering Framework for Eco–Industrial Park Formation
Authors: Haskins Cecilia 
Published: January 2007

AbstractUnderstanding eco‐industrial park formation requires a multidisciplinary viewpoint [Haskins, Syst Eng 9 (2006b)] that includes systems thinking, industrial ecology, organizational dynamics, logistics, and supply chain theory. The most often referenced eco‐industrial park found in Kalundborg, Denmark, serves as an ideal, and is typified by tight interdependency between industrial partners, green logistics, and closed‐loop supply chains. But the planet is in crisis [Atiyah and Press, joint statement from The Royal Society and the Hational Academy of Sciences on Population Growth and Sustainability, February 1992 ] and cannot afford to wait 30 years for more of these parks to emerge. Systems engineering has been found to be effective when bringing together stakeholders from diverse backgrounds and experts from multidisciplinary engineering and technical backgrounds to coordinate the creation of complex systems. This paper uses literature drawn from multidisciplinary sources to investigate the attributes of eco‐industrial parks, and then proposes a systems engineering framework, iFACE, for the formation of eco‐industrial parks. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 10: 83 –97, 2007.