bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paradox Valley, Colorado; A collapsed salt anticline
Authors: Chenoweth William L. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Paradox Valley is located in west-central Colorado, in western Montrose County (Fig. 1). The valley is approximately 23 mi (37 km) long and averages 3 mi (5 km) in width. It occupies a large part of T.46N., R.17W.;T.47N., R.18 and 19W.; and T.48N., R. 19W. Colorado 90 traverses the valley for nearly its full length. This highway begins at Vancorum, which is on Colorado 141 about 2 mi (3 km) west of Naturita, Colorado. Naturita, the largest settlement in the area, is about 100 mi ( 161 km) south of Grand Junction, Colorado, on Colorado 141. After leaving the northwest end of Par Utah. Paradox and Bedrock, Colorado, are the only settlements in the valley.
County roads (marked with signs) provide access to the rims of the valley as well as the canyon of the Dolores River on both sides of the valley. Molenaar and others (1981, p. 7–9) give a detailed road log of the valley.
The majority of land in the Paradox Valley area is in the public domain, administered by the Bureau of Land Management. West oprivate land, owned by ranchers in Paradox. About 15 percent of the valley floor east of the river is privately owned. The vallems are all public domain, with the exception of numerous patented mining claims.
Recurrent Quaternary normal faulting at Major Creek, Colorado
Authors: McCalpin James P. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
A well-preserved fault scarp resulting from recurrent Quarternary normal faulting occurs at the western edge of the northern Sangre de Cristo Mountains of south-central Colorado, at the mouth of west-draining Major Creek (Fig. 1). The site is approximately 56 mi (90 km) north-northeast of Alamosa, Colorado, and may be approached from Colorado 17 between Alamosa and Poncha Springs, Colorado. Turn east off of Colorado 17, 50 mi (80 km) north of Alamosa, opposite the junction with U.S. 285, onto a dirt road that leads due east for 6 mi (10 km) across the valley floor toward Valley View Hot Springs. Instead of turning off to the hot springs, bear right and follow the road as it turns south to parallel the range front. The road will continue south past the mouth of Garner Creek [1 mi (1.7 km) south of the hot springs turnoff] to the upper part of the Major Creek alluvial fan [2 mi (3.2 km) south of the hot springs turnoff]. Approximately 0.25 mi (400 m) north of the crossing of Major Creek (Fig. 2) turn onto a dirt driveway leading due east to the head of the fan where the fault scarps occur. Entry through the locked gate will require permission from the landowner on the north side of the fanhead, Dr. Ben Eismann, Dept. of Surgery, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, CO 80262. The fault scarps on the south side of the road (including the 1980 trench site, Profile 35 on Fig.
Alteration zones related to igneous activity, Spanish Peaks area, Las Animas and Huerfano counties, Colorado
Authors: Hutchinson Robert M. , Vine J. D. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Spanish Peaks area is composed of two prominent peaks and associated dike swarms about 19 to 22 mi (30 to 35 km) southwest of Walsenburg in south-central Colorado(Fig. 1). Although the entire area is surrounded by roads, the Apishapa Pass road on the south flank of the high peaks is open only in the summer time. From Walsenburg, the north slope is accessible by driving west on U.S. 160 about 11 mi (18 km) to Colorado 111. Continue 5 mi (8 km) west and south on Colorado 111 to the town of La Veta. Take a country road from the southeast edge of town for about 7 mi (11 km) south and southeast past twin reservoirs to Wahatoya Canyon and the Forest Service Wahatoya trail head at an elevation of about 8,400 ft (2,560 m). The main trail leading south goes to the Bulls Eye Mine, elevation 11,200 ft (3,414 m), on the north slope of West Spanish Peak, elevation 13,626 ft (4,153 m).
Access to the south flank of the Spanish Peaks is from Apishapa Pass, which can be reached by continuing from La Veta south on Colorado 111 about 16 mi (26 km) to Cucharas Pass. Turn left onto the Forest Service road to the northeast and drive about 6 mi (9.6 km) to the trail head at Apishapa Pass (closed in the winter), elevation 11,248 ft (3,428 m). From the pass, a trail leads to timberline on West Spanish Peak at an elevation of about
The mouth of the Grand Canyon and edge of the Colorado Plateau in the Upper Lake Mead area, Arizona
Authors: Lucchitta Ivo 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Pierce Ferry area in northern Arizona is easily reached via the paved all-weather Dolan Springs–Meadview road (Fig. 1). The road is poorly maintained, however, and stretches of the pavement have disappeared entirely. The area is also subject to flash floods during the summer thunderstorm season. Meadview, 12 mi (19 km) south of Pierce Ferry, offers modest facilities that include a gas station, country store, motel, and restaurant. A National Park Service ranger stationis nearby.
Even though the upper Lake Mead area as a whole offers interesting geology and breathtaking views, the best place to visit is the northern end of Grapevine Mesa, which affords a truly remarkable overview of much geologic interest and great beauty. This viewpoint, 2.5 mi (4 km) southwest of Pierce Ferry and about 1,700 ft (520 m) higher, is reached by traveling north from Meadview on the paved road to Sand Cove. About 5mi (8 km) north of Meadview, the paved road abruptly drops off the mesa through a narrow slot cut into the resistant limestone that caps the mesa. Just before the slot are a gate and a dirt road to the right (east). This well-graded dirt road is easily passable in dry weather, but not in wet, and leads to the viewpoint at the north end of Grapevine Mesa. Near the viewpoint, on National Park Service land, is a gravel landing strip used routinely by light aircraft of the general public.
The paved road near Meadview affords views of the imposing Grand
Structural geology of the Sawtooth Range at Sun River Canyon, Montana Disturbed Belt, Montana
Authors: Lageson David R. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Sawtooth Range is located in northwest Montana in parts of Pondera, Teton, and Lewis and Clark counties. The range is part of the Rocky Mountain fold and thrust belt, or Disturbed Belt, and lies between Glacier National Park to the north and the Helena salient to the south. In an analogy with the Canadian Rocky Mountains, the Sawtooth Range would represent the Front Ranges of the Rocky Mountain thrust belt (Mudge, 1972; Bally and others, 1966).
The Sun River and its tributaries form the major drainage system in the southern part of the Sawtooth Range. Two dams have been constructed on the Sun River creating Gibson Reservoir and Diversion Lake (Fig. 1).
The entrance to the Sun River Canyon is approximately 20 mi (32 km) northwest of Augusta, Montana. Turn west on Montana 435 (U.S. Forest Service Road 208) at the intersection of highways U.S. 287 and Montana 434–435 in Augusta. Montana 435 is a year-round gravel road that ends at Gibson Dam (Fig. 1). Spectacular exposures of imbricate thrust faults and related structures are found in the lower part of the canyon downstream from Gibson Dam.
Geology along the South Kaibab Trail, eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona
Authors: Beus Stanley S. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The South Kaibab Trail head is at the South Rim of the Grand Canyon about 2.25 mi (3.5 km) due east of the National Park headquarters and visitors center at Grand Canyon Village.Convenient access is provided by the paved south entrance road, east Rim Drive Road and Yaki Point Road leading east and north from the village, a driving distance of 3.5 mi (5.75 km) from the Park Headquarters (Fig. 1). Grand Canyon Village at the South Rim is accessible from the south by US 180 and Arizona 64 from Flagstaff (80 mi; 129 km) or by Arizona 64 from just east of Williams (60 mi; 95 km), or from the east via Arizona 64 (57 mi; 92 km) leading west from Cameron.
Detailed geology is shown on the geologic map of the Eastern Grand Canyon, 1:62,500 (Huntoon and others, 1986). A larger scale (1:24,000) topographic, shaded relief map is alavailable (Washburn, 1978), a part of which is used as (Fig. 1).
Overnight motel accommodations and campsites are available at the Grand Canyon Village but generally must be reserved in advance during the major tourist season, April through October. A full day is recommended for a one way traverse of the South Kaibab Trail. Overnight accommodations at the bottom are available at Phantom Ranch or at Bright Angel Creek campground (Park Service permit required), but also generally require reservations several months in advance. The return trip to the rimcan be made back up to the South Kaibab Trail
Geology of the Gray Mountain area, Arizona
Authors: Barnes Charles W. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Gray Mountain is a topographic prominence that occupiesmost of the Coconino Point 15-minute Quadrangle, Coconino County, in northern Arizona (Fig. 1). That quadrangle is delimitedby 111°30’ to 111°45’ west longitude, and 35°45’ to 36°00’ north latitude. The total structure extends westerly into the adjacent Grandview Point 15-minute Quadrangle (which includes a very small part of the eastern Grand Canyon), and extends south into the adjacent SP Crater 15-minute Quadrangle.
SP Mountain cinder cone and lava flow, northern Arizona
Authors: Ulrich G. E. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
SP Mountain is a prominent cinder cone in the northern partof the San Francisco volcanic field near the southern margin of the Colorado Plateau. It is easily visible from U.S. 89 among a cluster of older cinder cones. The area is most readily reached by driving north from Flagstaff about 34 mi (55 km) or south from Cameron 16 mi (26 km) to a graded ranch road that leads westward 5.2 mi (8.4 km). The turnoff is 2.1 mi (3.4 km) north of the entrance to Wupatki National Monument and is marked only by a stop sign. The site is accessible to all vehicles, Ownership of most of the land is divided between the CO Bar Livestock Company and the state of Arizona in a checkerboard pattern of one-mile sections; permission to visit and collect samplesis not required (1984). The northern tip of the SP lava flowextends into the Navajo Indian Reservation (Fig. 1).
Holocene scoria cone and lava flows at Sunset Crater, northern Arizona
Authors: Helm Richard F. , Moore Richard B. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Sunset Crater, about 15 mi (25 km) north of Flagstaff, Arizona (Fig. 1), is in the eastern part of the San Francisco volcanic field, on the southern margin of the Colorado Plateau. Access to the Sunset Crater National Monument is by Forest Road 545, an all-weather road off of U.S. 89. Included within the boundaries of the monument are the scoria cone of Sunset Crater and most of one of its associated lava flows, the Bonito flow. Another lava flow associated with Sunset Crater, the Kana-a flow, occurs in the Coconino National Forest east of the monument. Hiking is prohibited on Sunset Crater scoria cone, and collection of specimens is not permitted within the boundaries of the national monument.
Topographic maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey that cover the monument and surrounding area are the Sunset Crater East, Sunset Crater West, O’Leary Peak, and Strawberry Crater quadrangles of the 7%-minute series. The geology of the area is shown by Moore and Wolfe (1976).
Meteor Crater, Arizona
Authors: Shoemaker Eugene M. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The location of Meteor Crater is shown on nearly all high-way maps of Arizona. It lies 6 mi (9.7 km) south of 1-40 between Flagstaff and Winslow in northern Arizona; the turnoff from 1-40, 34 mi (55 km) east of Flagstaff, is well marked by signs along the highway.Access to the crater is by a paved road that leads directly to a visitor center and museum on the rim of the crater. Qualified scientists may obtain permissio to hike to various parts of the crater by writing or calling in advance to Meteor Crater Enterprises, 121 East Birch Avenue, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001.
Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona
Authors: Ash S. R. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Petrified Forest National Park is located near the southern margin of the Colorado Plateau in the Painted Desert area of east-central Arizona (Fig. 1). The park extends about 26 mi (42 km) north and south. The north entrance is about 68 mi (109 km) west of Gallup, New Mexico, on 1-40 and the south entrance is on U.S. 180 about 17 mi (27 km) east of Holbrook, Arizona. Visitors traveling west can leave 1-40 at exit 311 and enter the park at the north entrance. After entering the park they may follow the scenic park road southward to the southern exit, a distance of about 27 mi (43 km). They then can travel westward on U.S. 180 to Holbrook where they rejoin 1-40. Visitors traveling east may leave 1-40 at exit 285 at Holbrook and drive east on U.S. 180 to the south entrance of the park, a distance of about 18 mi (29 km). Frequent pullouts and short side roads are present throughout the park. Much of the park is accessible to all types of vehicles, although their use is restricted to established roads. There are also two large, undeveloped, wilderness areas in the park. The removal of petrified wood or any other natural, archeological, or historical object from the park is strictly prohibited.
Shonkin Sag laccolith; A differentiated alkaline intrusion, Highwood Mountains, Montana
Authors: Nash W. P. , Monson Lawrence M. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Shonkin Sag laccolith is on the northeast flank of the Highwood Mountains in Sec. 22–27, T.2 1N., R.11 E., in Choteau County, Montana. The laccolith lies entirely within the Geraldine, Montana, 1:24,000 Quadrangle. It is approximately 44 mi (71 km) east of Great Falls and 54 mi (87 km) northwest of Lewiston. The nearest town is Geraldine, about 3 mi (5 km) to the north (Fig. 1). The best access is through Geraldine, which lies on Montana 80,27 mi (43 km) south of Fort Benton or 38 mi (61 km) north of Stanford. The shortest route from Great Falls is by way of U.S. 87 to Geyser, a distance of 47 mi (76 km). From Geyser, a gravel road can be used to reach the Buck Ranch access, 27.3 mi (43.9 km) to the north. This route contains many excellent outcrops and views of other alkalic igneous bodies, including Square Butte and Round Butte. Outcrops of the Shonkin Sag laccolith can be seen on the Buck Ranch, which is entered 3.7 mi (6.0 km) south of Geraldine (Fig. 2). Follow the ranch access 1.5 mi (2.4 km) to the ranch buildings. The western outcrop is adjacent to this road. Trails east of the ranch yard lead to the top of the laccolith and permit easy examination of an entire cross section by traversing down the canyon draining to the southwest. This cross section can be viewed from the Flat Creek Road, which intersects Montana 80, 0.5 mi(0.8 km) north of the small town of Square Butte
The Vanes Caldera, Jemez Mountains, New Mexico
Authors: Nault Kenneth J. De 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Vanes Caldera is in Sandoval County, New Mexico (Fig. 1). The caldera, subsequent resurgent dome, later intracaldera domes and flows, and present solfatara activity can be seen from New Mexico 4. Most of the caldera floor itself is owned or controlled by the Baca Ranch and is not accessible. In winter, New Mexico 4 is intermittently closed through the caldera due to ice or snow.
The Emory resurgent ash-flow tuff (ignimbrite) cauldron of Oligocene age, Black Range, southwestern New Mexico
Authors: Elston Wolfgang E. , Seager William R. , Abitz Richard J. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Emory cauldron is traversed by New Mexico 90 about 35 mi (55 km) east of Silver City, in southwestern New Mexico.
Paleozoic reef complexes of the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico
Authors: Bowsher Arthur L. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Reef complexes of Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, and Early Permian age are conspicuous in the western escarpment of the Sacramento Mountains of southeastern New Mexico (Fig. 1). The coincidence of reef trends and the fault zone at the western front of the Sacramento Mountains appears to be significant. The basement fault zone on the western edge of the Sacramento block created platform margins along which Paleozoic shelf-edge reefs accumulated. Facies in Late Paleozoic formations were strongly controlled by structural trends in the Precambrian basement rocks. The Sacramento escarpment lies parallel to and adjacent to the western margin of the "Pedernal Landmass” (Pray, 1961) that trends northerly, as do the Sacramento Mountains.
The La Luz Anticline (Pray, 1961) in the northern part of the Sacramento Mountains plunges to the north(Fig. 1). Beds on the west limb dip 8 to 12 degrees. Numerous deep canyons off this west flank expose thick sequences including nearly all the Paleozoic formations. Exposures perpendicular to the reef-trends thatare available in these canyons (Fig. 2) are unique. Facies Figure changes in the reef complexes are readily available to the field geologist. This area of the Sacramento Mountains is of extreme importance to students of carbonate rocks because of the excellent, numerous, and distinct exposures of the reef complexes.
Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene sequence, Bug Creek area, northeastern Montana
Authors: Sloan Robert E. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The area described here is in McCone County, Montana, approximately 100 mi (160 km) northwest of Glendive and 40 mi (64 km) south of Glasgow, on the east side of the Big Dry Arm of the Fort Peck Reservoir. It is located on the Jordan 1:250,000-scale map, the Fort Peek Lake East 1:100,000-scale map, and the Bug Creek 1:24,000-scale topographic map. The Bug Creek area (Fig. 1) is reached by proceeding south on Montana 24 for 24 mi (39 km) from the Fort Peck Dam or north 25 mi (40 km) from the intersection of Montana 200 with Montana 24. At this point a dirt road heads due west for 2.5 mi (4 km), then swings north at the rim of a mesa, and then swings south to the crossing of Bug Creek. The dirt road is passable by any vehicle when dry; four-wheel drive is required when the road is wet. The dirt access road is about 2.5 mi (4 km) south of the crossing of Montana 24 over the South Fork of Rock Creek and 5.5 mi (8 km) south of the road sign to Rock Creek State Park. More than 2 mi (3 km) west of Montana 24, the land is part of the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Range. Much of the other land is controlled by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM); some is privately owned. Collection of vertebrate fossils on federal land is by permit only. No permission is required to examine exposures on federal or state land;
Banded Castile evaporates, Delaware basin, New Mexico
Authors: Anderson Roger Y. , Kirkland Douglas W. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
This site is located along U.S. 62, 0.75 mi (1.2 km) north of the Texas-New Mexico state line and 12 mi (20 km) southwest of Carlsbad Caverns (Fig. 1). This is the main two-lane highway between Carlsbad, New Mexico, and El Paso, Texas. The shoulder of the highway at the outcrop is wide enough to accommodate a single row of cars. The geographic relationship of the outcrop to the Gypsum Plain, a vast expanse (1000 sq mi—2600 sq km)of outcropping gypsum, and to other physiographic features in the vicinity is shown in Figure 1.
Marysville stock and contact aureole, western Montana
Authors: Derkey Robert E. , Derkey Pamela Dunlap 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Marysville stock is about 17 mi (27 km) northwest of Helena, Montana, in Lewis and Clark County (Fig. 1). To reach the area from Helena, go7mi(11 km) north on 1–15 to exit 200 and turn west (left) off the exit ramp onto Montana 279 (Lincoln Road). At 8.5mi(14km) from 1-15, turn southwest (left) onto a gravel road marked by signs for Marysville and the Belmont Ski Area. The old mining town of Marysville is about 6 mi (10 km) from this turnoff. Most of the area is readily accessible by passenger car although some areas are accessible only by four-wheel drive or foot (Fig. 2). The mines are on private land. Permission should be obtained from owners with posted land or locked gates.
The McConnell thrust at Mount Yamnuska, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Gretener P. E. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
McConnell thrust can be reached by driving west from Calgary for 49 mi (78 km, official mileage from the city’s center) along the Trans-Canada (T-C) Highway 1 to the intersection with T-C 1X leading north to the old Calgary-Banff highway (T-C 1A; Fig. 1). Those in a hurry to get to Banff may go past the intersection to viewpoint no. 3 for a distant view of the McConnell thrust, which rises from the valley floor up a ramp into the saddle on the west side of Mt. Yamnuska (Fig. 2). A small splay fault occurs in the saddle, and the eastward continuation of the thrust along the base of the Yamnuska wall is essentially horizontal in the direction of transport. For a closer view, turn north onto T-C 1X and stop at the entrance to the campground; better yet, proceed to the vicinity of the junction with T-C 1A and pull over onto the shoulder for a view as in Figure 3. In all cases, field glasses will be helpful. Those ardent souls who wish to touch the thrust plane should turn east on T-C 1A and drive for 1.3 mi (2.1 km) to the dirt road leading northwest into the quarry at the foot of Mt. Yamnuska. They may park here and then proceed on foot to the upper east end of the marked shale coulee (Fig. 4)—a steep climb of about 1,600 ft (480 m), which should take about 1% hours.
Mississippian Waulsortian bioherms in the Big Snowy Mountains, Montana
Authors: Smith Donald L. , Custer Stephan G. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Mississippian-age Waulsortian bioherms in the Lodgepole Formation are well exposed and accessible for field study in Swimming Woman Canyon, Big Snowy Mountains, Central Montana. Swimming Woman Canyon is east of Judith Gap, northeast of Harlowtown, and north of Rygate, Montana (Fig, 1). The site can be reached by automobile via gravel roads from U.S. 191 or from U.S. 12. Three routes to the site are shown. The route selected will depend on the direction the visitor is traveling. Travelers using the Judith Gap route may be tempted to continue east after driving 15 mi (24 km). Part of the road to the east of this point has been abandoned.
Mileages to turns along the route can be scaled from Figure 1, which is adapted from the Roundup I × 2° Army Map Service (AMS) sheet published by the U.S. Geological Survey. The only other available access map is the Lewis and Clark National Forest (Jefferson Division), Montana, Forest Visitor’s Map (planimetric) at a scale of 1:126,720. No topographic map at a scale larger than 1:250,000 is currently available. The Irene 3 NE 1:24,000 Topographic Quadrangle covers the field area and is in preparation. Travelers may want to keep track of mileage using their automobile odometer while off the main highway. The distances from the various starting points to Swimming Woman Canyon Road are: 25 mi (40.2 km) from Judith Gap, 24.2 mi (38.9 km) from Rygate.