bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FENWICK'S ULCER
Authors: HICKEY B. BRENDAN 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYA case of Fenwick's ulcer of the bladder is described.The symptomatology, aetiology, and treatment of this condition are discussed.I am indebted to Dr M. E. Sharp, B.Sc, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., for the description of the morbid histology.
THE BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE HUMAN URETER IN RELATION TO URETEROCOLIC ANASTOMOSIS1
Authors: DANIEL OWEN , SHACKMAN RALPH 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYAny method of ureterocolic anastomosis in which the ureter is always divided at the same point, or mobilised for more than 2–5 cm., irrespective of its blood supply, is liable to failure, due to ischsemic necrosis of the ureter, in 10 to 15 per cent, of subjects.As the result of a study of the blood supply of the ureters of fifty cadavers it is suggested that ureters may be safely divided 2 cm. below the point of entry of a pulsating, long, ureteric artery, or in the absence of such, 2 cm. below the bifurcation of the common iliac artery.
THE MICTURATING CYSTO‐URETHROGRAM IN RELATION TO FUNCTION AFTER PROSTATECTOMY 1
Authors: Frain‐Bell Lockhart , Grieve John 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYA simple technique of micturating cysto‐urethrography is described. Forty‐two patients have been examined post‐operatively in this way (twenty‐eight retropubic and fourteen transvesical). These cysto‐urethrograms have in general afforded radiographic confirmation of good clinical results, and have shown probable causes such as diverticula, ureteric, and seminal reflux for poor clinical results in the others.Seven patients were unable to micturate after the introduction of radio‐opaque medium, and on screening all of them showed a characteristic upward convexity of the anterior bladder wall.
PERIURETERITIS PLASTICA: A REPORT OF A CASE, WITH INDICATIONS OF THE PROBABLE PATHOLOGY
Authors: Houston William 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY

A case is described of a condition not previously reported in British urological literature, resembling the“periureteritis plastica”of Vest and Barclare (1953).
It is suggested that the lesion is due to infection partially controlled by antibiotics, leading to pathological changes resembling those associated with the infective granulomata.
THE TREATMENT and PROGNOSIS OF CARCINOMA OF PENIS
Authors: Savage C. R. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY

A series of eighteen cases of carcinoma of the penis is presented in which treatment has been carried out by radiotherapy or surgery.
The incidence of metastatic inguinal gland involvement was low, and only one patient is so far known to have died of his disease.
The problem of the prevention of stricture formation following partial amputation is discussed.
Conservative management was found satisfactory in most cases and reduced both post‐operative morbidity and disability to a minimum.
DIVERTICULUM OF THE FEMALE URETHRA: CASE REPORT and REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Lane Victor 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYDiverticula of the female urethra have frequently been reported from the United States in the last twenty years, but reference to them in the British literature has been scanty. They can be diagnosed only by being aware of their existence (and possibly greater frequency), and by adequate examination of the urethra.The morbid anatomy, Etiology, symptoms, and diagnosis are described.In the past the majority of cases were treated by excision, but attention is drawn to a new method devised by Ellik.A case of female urethral diverticulum containing a calculus is reported. It was treated satisfactorily by Ellik's method.
NON‐PARASITIC CHYLURIA
Authors: Grieve John , Thomson James 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYIntermittent non‐filarial chyluria occurring on rising is described in a healthy man of 43. Renal function was normal, but human tubercle bacilli were cultured from the urine.Pyelovenous and pyelolymphatic backflow was shown on the affected left side, in which there was evidence of ureteric obstruction.A prolonged course of streptomycin and I.N.A.H. has been followed by almost complete remission for one year.
DEMONSTRATION OF RENAL LYMPHATICS IN VIVO BY INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF DYE: THE EFFECT OF LYMPHATIC LIGATURE ON THE BLOOD‐PRESSURE
Authors: Barer Gwenda R. , Ward‐McQuaid J. N. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYRenal lymphatics become filled with certain dyes when these are given intravenously, facilitating operations upon them. In forty rabbits all visible renal lymphatics were ligated but no significant rise in blood‐pressure or histological change ensued. Lymph flow was probably re‐established rapidly and could usually be demonstrated after three weeks.
THE NEPHROPLASTY PROCEDURE IN THE TREATMENT OF HYDRONEPHROSIS1
Authors: STEWART H. HAMILTON 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThe technique of the nephroplasty operation has been described. The operation was originally devised for the relief of hydronephrosis due to a lower polar artery. It has now been shown that nephroplasty also improves the hydrodynamics of a hydronephrotic kidney and eliminates or reduces residual urine in the kidney once the cause of the obstruction has been removed.
RARE RENAL TUMOURS: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THOSE OCCURRING IN CHILDREN1
Authors: MOGG RICHARD A. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThree rare renal tumours are reported: a renal embryoma, a carcinoma of the renal tubules, and a large liposarcoma of the kidney. The renal embryoma occurred in a premature infant on whom nephrectomy was successfully performed (this being the youngest nephrectomy in the world literature). The incidence and classification of the tumours have been discussed, together with a review of the literature.
URETHROPLASTY: AN ASSESSMENT AFTER SEVEN YEARS‘ EXPERIENCE1
Authors: SWINNEY JOHN 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYAn attempt has been made to remove stricture of the urethra and to correct and prevent the complications of the condition by radical excision and reconstruction of the urethra, using a strip of buried skin. The results of the investigation are encouraging, and with achievement of greater technical ability many of the minor difficulties encountered should be overcome. The only real disadvantage of the operation to the patient is the long period of hospitalisation which may be necessary, two to three months being an average time, but most patients who have suffered severely for years are only too ready to seize on any suggestion which might offer them a hope of healthy life.
NEPHRECTOMY FOR HYPERTENSION1
Authors: Maitland By A. I. L. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThe position may be summarised thus. Nephrectomy for the hypertensive patient should be performed only after exhaustive tests of divided renal function have shown that one kidney is definitely of poor secretory quality and that the other one has an adequate reserve of function. The benefit which accrues will occur at any age but comes more freely to the younger patients. The hypertension should be labile and not of known long duration, and if the pressures return to normal and remain there for over a year this effect may well be permanent.Lest it be thought that in this matter I am an advocate and not a judge, I should like to conclude by bringing before you the up‐to‐date clinical notes of a case first described during a discussion on hypertension at the Royal Society of Medicine in 1952.Female, aged 16 years, seen August 1950. Increased pressure (170/120 mm. Hg) was discovered at a routine examination. Intravenous pyelography showed poor function of the left kidney, the right being normal. Retrograde pyelography of the left kidney showed a small normal outline. The differential renal analysis demonstrated very poor renal function on the left and not very good on the right (standard urea clearances: left, 1 06; right, 10–25). The pressure remained high after a week's rest in bed but was labile on sedation.One year later conditions were essentially the same. She has been treated conservatively in view of a history of retention in infancy and in childhood and the doubtful function in the right kidney.During a pregnancy in 1952 her blood‐pressure was found to be normal (140/90 mm. Hg). After parturition early in 1953 she was reinvestigated; the renal results were the same but her pressure was still normal (140/90 mm. Hg). She was seen on 3rd June 1957 when she was symptom‐free and her blood‐pressure 118/86 mm. Hg).
MYOBLASTOMA OF THE BLADDER NECK: REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: ANDERSEN RAGNAR , HÖEG KARI 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYWe have observed a case of myoblastoma in the bladder neck in a 66‐year‐old man who was referred for urological examination for pyuria and hæmaturia. Cystoscopy revealed an ulcer of unusual appearance in the bladder neck. The ulcer and surrounding tissue were removed by transurethral resection with McCarthy's apparatus. The histological examination revealed myoblastoma. No signs of metastases were found on X‐ray examination of the lumbar spine, pelvis, and lungs. The patient is symptom‐free and there are no signs of recurrence.As far as can be seen, this is the first published report of a benign myoblastoma in this region. It is important to have this diagnosis in mind in cases of unusual alterations in the bladder neck, and also for the histological diagnosis so that the case is not interpreted as cancer and incorrectly treated with radiotherapy which has no effect on myoblastomas. Horn and Stout (1943) report a case from the tongue which was treated with radium. They write: “This case provides evidence of the marked radio‐resistance of this type of neoplasm, since the tumour survived a sufficient dosage of radium to produce necrosis of the tongue.”
CYCLOSERINE IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTION OF THE URINARY TRACT
Authors: SYME J. , SLEIGH J. D. , RICHARDSON J. E. , MURDOCH J. McC. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYForty patients with urinary tract infections were treated with cycloserine in doses of 250 mg. eight‐hourly for fourteen days. Whenever possible, bacteriological, biochemical, and radiological investigations were carried out before treatment. Thirty‐six patients (90 per cent.) had sterile urine seventy‐two hours after treatment; the results of follow‐up studies are presented. Serious toxic effects were encountered in two patients (5 per cent.).Cycloserine is a valuable drug in the treatment of urinary tract infections which have failed to respond to the more commonly used drugs. It is especially likely to succeed where the causative organism is E. coli; less so in the case of B. proteus. Serious toxic effects are unlikely to arise with a dose of 250 mg. eight‐hourly: such treatment should be continued for at least fourteen days, fluid intake being restricted during this time. The risks of toxic effects will be minimised by biochemical assessment of renal function before, and estimation of plasma levels of the antibiotic during treatment. As with any other antibacterial agent, drainage defects of the urinary tract should be sought and, if possible, corrected before treatment. Clinical and bacteriological follow‐up should be prolonged.We wish to thank Messrs Eli Lilly and Company Limited for a generous grant to defray laboratory expenses and for supplies of cycloserine. Dr S. C. Frazer kindly carried out the chemical estimations of cycloserine. We are indebted to Mr W. S. Tulloch for carrying out the surgical urology, and to Professor R. J. Kellar for referring many of the patients from his department.
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE URINARY TRACT AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH SPINA BIFIDA
Authors: ROBERTS J. B. M. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYSpina bifida is commonly associated with congenital anomalies of the urinary tract. These anomalies are discussed and their incidence in 179 cases of spina bifida is described. It is suggested that this relationship is of significance to urologists, who are increasingly likely to have to face urinary problems in patients with spina bifida.
THE PERINEAL PROSTATECTOMY: A MODIFIED YOUNG TECHNIQUE FOR CONSERVATIVE ENUCLEATIONS
Authors: ARNOLD JASPER H. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYBecause of its minimal morbidity the perineal prostatectomy merits wider use for conservative enucleations in men who are not sexually active, or who are severely debilitated. The relationships of the levator prostata? muscle to the urogenital diaphragm and the relationship of the rectum to the levator prostatas with the patient in the perineal position are not adequately described in the literature and the correct concepts which are important to the successful execution of this operation are discussed and illustrated. Hemostatic sutures which coincidentaliy close the capsular incision are described.
DIVERTICULA AND FISTULÆ OF THE URETHRA IN PARAPLEGICS1
Authors: GRIFFITHS I. H. , WALSH J. J. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThirty‐one cases of fistula of the urethra were encountered at the National Spinal Injuries Centre amongst 2,060 male paraplegics. Only two cases developed during treatment at the centre itself. Ten fistulae were due to avoidable external causes, and twenty fistulas were due to mismanagement of a urethral catheter. Treatment is discussed and a new application of Turner Warwick's principle is described for the more extensive and recurrent urethral diverticula.
QUANTITY AND QUALITY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS1
Authors: Gould J. C. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYEach patient under investigation for urinary tract infection should have a full series of specimens examined, diagnostic or pre‐treatment, during treatment, and for clearance and follow‐up.Quantitative examination should be carried out in combination with a careful interpretation of the quality of the microflora present, its relative proportions, the presence or absence of antibiotic substance, the time interval between sampling and examination, the method of collection, and the results interpreted in the light of knowledge of the previous history of the case.
THE USE OF P32 IN THE TREATMENT OF SEVERE PAIN FROM BONE METASTASES OF CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE1
Authors: Smart J. Gordon 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYNine cases of carcinoma of the prostate with severe pain from bone metastases are reported together with the results of their treatment with a combination of testosterone and P32. Two patients were terminal at the time of treatment (Cases 3 and 5), the former dying just after completion of the treatment and the latter a month after treatment. Both, however, had considerable relief of pain. Three patients (Cases 1, 2 and 6) had total relief of pain, subsequently dying of their disease between four and six months later. One case (Case 8) showed no response to P32 therapy and died at three months. Of the remaining three cases, two had 90 per cent. relief (Case 4 for five months with the aid of two courses of treatment and Case 9 for seven months). Case 7 had 50 per cent, relief for two months.The literature is reviewed and the results compared with other therapeutic measures.It is concluded that P32 therapy may result in the total or marked relief of the pain from bone metastases from carcinoma of the prostate for a period of months and more extensive trials are indicated.Attention is drawn to the necessity for close observation of the blood picture in the early weeks following P32 therapy.My thanks are due to Mr T. W. Mimpriss for permission to treat eight of his cases and for his encouragement and advice. I also thank Mr Murray Pheils for his permission to treat Case 4.
COMPENSATORY STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN THE KIDNEY1
Authors: Lodge By Thomas , Williams J. L. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY1. The radiographic assessment of the renal size and the factors influencing renal hypertrophy are discussed.2. The importance of compensatory hypertrophy and its prognostic significance is emphasised. These changes are correlated with renal function as measured by the glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow.3. Renal hypertrophy is considered in its relationship to the recovery of function following relief of ureteric obstruction.We wish to thank Mr J. C. Anderson, O.B.E., under whose care several of the patients were admitted, and Dr R. G. Grainger for the aortogram of Figure 6.
CELL PROLIFERATION IN COMPENSATORY RENAL GROWTH1
Authors: Bury H. P. R. , Crane W. A. J. , Dutta L. P. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYRats with one kidney removed showed a progressive increase in weight of the remaining kidney over a six‐week period.Autoradiographic and radiochemical studies with 3H‐thymidine indicated that the increase in new kidney cell formation was maximal forty‐eight to seventy‐two hours after unilateral nephrectomy. This early response was chiefly due to the production of new cells by the renal cortical tubules. Normal rates of tubule cell turnover were achieved two weeks after operation. The glomerular tufts contained fewer new cells and their peak production was delayed to the one‐week period with a slow decline thereafter.Rats forty‐eight hours after unilateral nephrectomy were chosen as a model to study the effect of various substances on the magnitude of new cell formation. The number of DN A‐synthesising cells in the stimulated kidney was reduced by treatment with hydrocortisone, ACTH, 9,10‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benzanthracene, and 1,2‐benzanthracene; the numbers were increased by the administration of deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone.
PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SIX TREATED BABOON‐TO‐MAN RENAL HETEROTRANSPLANTS
Authors: Porter K. A. , Marchioro T. L. , Starzl T. E. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYSix baboon‐to‐man renal heterotransplants, each consisting of a pair of kidneys, were examined. Two had been removed from their recipients at forty‐nine and sixty days after transplantation because of the ever‐increasing doses of immunosuppressive drugs needed to control rejection; the other four pairs of kidneys were examined after death of the recipients at nineteen, twenty‐three, thirty‐five, and forty‐nine days.All the kidneys were enlarged. On the subcapsular surfaces of one pair there were petechias; four were mottled with irregular haemorrhages and infarcts; one pair had undergone almost complete hemorrhagic infarction.The transplants were heavily infiltrated with plasma cells, lymphocytes, large pyroninophilic lymphoid cells and eosinophils. Mitoses, “LE” cells and erythrophagocytosis were seen. Associated with this infiltration there was rupture of peritubular capillaries, interstitial cedema and widespread tubular damage.Fibrinoid necrosis of the walls of arterioles and interlobular arteries, with narrowing and obstruction of some vessels by fibrin and platelet deposits on the intima were common in all except one pair of kidneys. Associated with these vascular lesions there were focal infarcts and extensive interstitial haemorrhages.All the histological changes were more severe than those seen either in treated human renal homotransplants or in a comparable series of chimpanzee‐to‐man renal heterotransplants where cellular infiltration was slight and vascular lesions only present at the height of rejection.This work was aided by grants A‐6283, A‐6344, HE‐07735, AM‐07772, A1‐01452, and OG‐27 from the U.S. Public Health Service, and by a grant from the Medical Research Council.We would like to thank Drs D. Baitlon, J. Gordon, R. B. Hill, D. Lang, and D. E. Smith who performed the autopsies on these cases. We are particularly grateful to Dr D. T. Rowlands, who supervised most of the autopsies, for his helpful co‐operation throughout this study.Expert assistance in preparing the sections and photomicrographs was given by Miss Jane Rendall.
TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF CADAVERIC RENAL TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Calne R. Y. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYA brief account is given of the present surgical techniques used in cadaveric renal transplantation at Westminster Hospital. It has been possible to obtain excellent initial function in cadaveric renal transplants in man by removing the kidney as soon as possible after death, cooling it by perfusion with chilled Ringer's solution containing human albumin and keeping the kidney in a vacuum flask surrounded by ice until the vessels of the recipient are mobilised and ready for anastomosis to the renal vessels.I wish to express my gratitude to the medical and nursing staff of Westminster Hospital for their continuous help and support in this work; to the Blood Transfusion Service for providing the human albumin; to Dr J. B. MacGillivray for taking the photomicrographs, and to Mrs Ann Helm and the Department of Medical Illustration, Westminster Hospital, for the drawings and photographs.
STILBCESTROL DIPHOSPHATE (HONVAN) IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE URINARY RETENTION DUE TO PROSTATIC CARCINOMA1
Authors: Parton Ian 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYIn a series of fifty cases (two with extreme difficulty, four with retention and overflow, forty‐four with acute retention) intravenous Honvan was given in daily doses of 500 to 1,000 mg. for five to ten days, the commonest dose being 1,000 mg. daily for five days. In thirty‐three (66 per cent.) cases no surgery was required, the other seventeen (34 per cent.) being treated by transurethral resection. Unless the patient is very old or feeble, prostatic biopsy is essential if any doubt exists about the diagnosis. Once the patient is ambulant and voiding, an oral oestrogen is usually more convenient, as well as being cheaper than an intravenous one. A trial of Honvan is specially recommended for the bad‐risk case of prostatic carcinoma with acute urinary retention.
EARLY ATTEMPTS AT REHABILITATION OF TERMINAL UREMIC PATIENTS BY PERIODIC HEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Rae A. I. , Pomeroy J. , Rosen S. M. , Silva H. , Shaldon Stanley 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYEarly experiences with periodic hemodialysis in four patients with terminal renal failure are reported. Initial improvement was followed by mental deterioration, wasting and peripheral neuropathy. These poor results were attributed to inadequate hæmodialysis. Hypertension could not be controlled by hypotensive drugs alone. Prolonged rehabilitation can be achieved only by twice‐weekly hæmodialyses with rigid sodium and water restriction and a reduced protein intake.
URETHROPLASTY
Authors: Shun‐Shin M. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYA one‐stage operation for the repair of impassable strictures of the urethra, using split‐skin graft, is described.Ten cases have been done during the past five years and in only one case has a stricture recurred. This failure is ascribed to the fact that excessive hæmorrhage necessitated packing of the wound and the application of the graft during a second operation.My thanks are due to H.E. Sir John Shaw Rennie, Governor of Mauritius, for permission to publish the above article and to Dr Y. Cantin, my former chief, for his kind assistance and advice during the first operation.
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH RENAL TRANSPLANTATION1
Authors: Straffon Ralph A. , Nakamoto Satoru , Kolff Willem J. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThe results of our first thirty‐five cases of renal homotransplantation performed on thirty‐two patients are reported. Of the twenty patients living, seven received kidneys from live donors and all of these patients have functioning kidneys. In addition, these patients are all out of the hospital and are living normal or relatively normal lives. In general, the renal function has been maintained somewhat better than in the majority of the cadaver transplants. There are thirteen patients living who had cadaveric renal homografts. Of this group, eleven have functioning kidneys and two required nephrectomy of the homograft and are being maintained on chronic dialysis. Four of these patients are still in the hospital at this time, but the remainder are leading normal or relatively normal lives.Experience obtained to date would seem to indicate that clinical experiments with renal transplantation are of such success as to encourage further work in this field. We are particularly hopeful that the utilisation of cadaver donors will continue to be a rewarding one. There remain many questions to be answered, but careful work in this field should provide many of the answers.