bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JAC: declarative Java concurrency
Authors: Haustein Max , Löhr Klaus‐Peter 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe Java programming language has a low‐level concurrency model which is hard to use and does not blend well with inheritance. JACis an extension of Java that introduces a higher level of concurrency, hiding threads and separating thread synchronization from application logic in a declarative fashion. The emphasis is on limiting the differences between sequential and concurrent code, thus furthering code reuse, and on avoiding inheritance anomalies. This is achieved by taking a middle road between concurrent code on the one hand and complete separation of sequential application logic from concurrency mechanisms on the other. An extensive comparison with related approaches is given for motivating our design decisions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms to enhance the efficacy of the PID controller in buffer overflow elimination for better channel response timeliness over the Internet
Authors: Lin Wilfred W. K. , Wong Allan K. Y. , Wu Richard S. L. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this paper two novel intelligent buffer overflow controllers: thefuzzy logic controller(FLC) and thegenetic algorithm controller(GAC) are proposed. In the FLC the extant algorithmic PID controller (PIDC) model, which combines theproportional(P),derivative(D) andintegral(I) control elements, is augmented with fuzzy logic for higher control precision. The fuzzy logic divides the PIDC control domain into finer control regions. Every region is then defined either by a fuzzy rule or a ‘don't care’ state. The GAC combines the PIDC model with the genetic algorithm, which manipulates the parametric values of the PIDC as genes in a chromosome. The FLC and GAC operations are based on the objective function$\{0,\Delta\}^2$. The principle is that the controller should adaptively maintain the safety margin$\Delta$around the chosen reference point (represent by the ‘0’ of$\{0,\Delta\}^2$) at runtime. The preliminary experimental results for the FLC and GAC prototypes indicate that they are both more effective and precise than the PIDC. After repeated timing analyses with theIntel's VTune Performer Analyzer, it was confirmed that the FLC can better support real‐time computing than the GAC because of its shorter execution time and faster convergence without any buffer overflow. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization, comparative genomic hybridization, and other molecular biology techniques in the analysis of effusions
Authors: Reis‐Filho Jorge Sérgio , de Landér Schmitt Fernando Carlos 
Published: October 2005

AbstractOver the last 20 yr, the introduction of immunocytochemistry as a diagnostic tool has dramatically revolutionized diagnostic pathology. With the introduction of molecular methods as part of the diagnostic armamentarium, the practicing pathologist is facing the new challenge of grasping novel concepts of the molecular cytogenetics era. Herein, we review the diagnostic contribution of ancillary molecular techniques, including fluorescent and chromogenic in situ hybridization, telomerase assays, loss of heterozygosity, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and microarray‐based CGH, for the practicing cytopathologists and discuss how these techniques will help pathologists in decision‐making. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:294–299. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignant effusions are sources of fibronectin and other promigratory and proinvasive components
Authors: Kohn E.C. , Travers L.A. , Kassis J. , Broome U. , Klominek J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMetastatic dissemination is the primary cause of death in ovarian cancer (OvCa) patients, and dissemination to pleural and peritoneal effusions is a common clinical event. Effusion samples were collected from 15 OvCa patients. Twenty‐six samples were collected prospectively, two were archival, and eight were taken from patients with other malignancies. Twenty‐nine samples were from malignant ascites, and seven specimens were pleural fluids. In addition, six ascites and two pleural fluids from noncancer patients were studied as effusion controls. Effusion supernatants were tested for migration‐stimulation activity, using A2058 human melanoma cells as the index responder cell. Malignant samples induced a 400–1200% increase in migration. Sixty percent of the migration was inhibited by incubation of the malignant fluid with antifibronectin (FN) antibody, in contrast to 75% inhibition of control fluid‐stimulated migration (P = 0.017). Gelatin zymography and Western blot analyses showed that latent and activated MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 collagenases, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐2 (TIMP‐2) were present in all malignant fluids. Serial samples were taken from several patients, and a trend for correlation between MMPs and clinical behavior of the tumors was shown. Free TIMP‐2 correlated with CA‐125 levels in two patients for whom serial samples were available. The demonstration of promigratory and proinvasive activity in malignant effusions is consistent with their association with other metastatic disease in OvCa patients and their function as a haven for metastatic cells. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:300–308. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The expression pattern of β‐catenin in mesothelial proliferative lesions and its diagnostic utilities
Authors: Dai Yiran , Bedrossian Carlos W.M. , Michael Claire W. 
Published: October 2005

Abstractβ‐Catenin is a component of the E‐cadherin‐catenin cell adhesion complex. It plays an important role in the Wnt/wg pathway, which conveys critical signals for cell proliferation and transformation. The β‐catenin mutation is an important event in the progression of a number of malignancies. In this study, we evaluated the immunohistochemical (IHC) pattern of β‐catenin in a spectrum of mesothelial lesions. Sixty‐five formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded blocks from 54 serous effusions and 11 pleural biopsies were examined. These cases consisted of 33 invasive mesotheliomas, 9 early mesotheliomas (with negative radiologic finding), so‐called mesotheliomas in situ, and 23 reactive mesothelial proliferations. A distinct membranous and/or submembranous staining pattern was seen in 23 cases with normal and reactive mesothelium. In contrast, reduced membranous and/or submembranous antibody staining and markedly increased ectopic cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was seen in 26 cases of 33 mesotheliomas. Seven of 9 early mesotheliomas showed increased ectopic cytoplasmic and/or nuclear stain. On the basis of our findings, identification of β‐catenin staining pattern offers a useful marker in the diagnosis of mesothelial lesions and may help identify neoplastic change. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:320–324. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative analysis of integrin expression in effusions using flow cytometric immunophenotyping
Authors: Sigstad Eva , Dong Hiep Phuc , Nielsen Søren , Berner Aasmund , Davidson Ben , Risberg Björn 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe have previously shown that flow cytometric (FCM) immunophenotyping is a useful adjunct to morphology, in the diagnosis of serous effusions. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the possible application of FCM to quantitative analysis of adhesion molecule expression in this clinical setting. Fresh frozen cells from 67 effusions underwent quantitative analysis of αV, α6, β1, and β3 integrin subunit expression, using FCM. Specimens were diagnosed as carcinoma (n = 48), reactive (n = 12), or malignant mesothelioma (MM; n = 7) using morphology and, in selected cases, immunocytochemistry prior to FCM analysis. Antibodies against established epithelial, lymphoid, and mesothelial cell epitopes (Ber‐EP4, anti‐epithelial membrane antigen; (EMA), anti‐CD45, anti‐CD14, and anti‐CD15) completed the panel. Results (percentage of cells expressing the antigen) were analyzed for relationship with the morphologic diagnosis. Frequent expression of the αV, α6, and β1 subunits was seen in all diagnostic groups, with significantly higher expression of the α6 subunit in MM (P = 0.029, Kruskal‐Wallis H test). The β3 integrin subunit was not detected in any of the specimens. Ber‐EP4 and CD15 expression was significantly higher in carcinomas compared with reactive effusions and MM (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, Kruskal‐Wallis H test), and EMA expression was higher in carcinomas and MM, compared with reactive specimens (P < 0.001, Kruskal‐Wallis H test). In conclusion, FCM is an efficient tool for quantitative analysis of adhesion molecules in effusions. The high α6 integrin subunit expression in MM suggests involvement of this receptor in tumor attachment to laminin. The frequent expression of the αV and β1 subunits support attachment to fibronectin and vitronectin as the major ECM ligands in body cavities. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:325–331. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cost‐effectiveness of liquid‐based cytology with or without hybrid‐capture II HPV test compared with conventional Pap smears: A study by the French society of clinical cytology
Authors: Cochand‐Priollet Béatrix , Cartier Isabelle , de Cremoux Patricia , Le Galès Catherine , Ziol Marianne , Molinié Vincent , Petitjean Alain , Dosda Anne , Merea Estelle , Biaggi Annonciade , Gouget Isabelle , Arkwright Sylviane , Vacher‐Lavenu Marie‐Cécile , Vielh Philippe , Coste Joël 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMany articles concerning conventional Pap smears, ThinPrep® liquid‐based cytology (LBC) and Hybrid‐Capture II HPV test (HC II) have been published. This study, carried out by the French Society of Clinical Cytology, may be conspicuous for several reasons: it was financially independent; it compared the efficiency of the conventional Pap smear and LBC, of the conventional Pap smear and HC II, and included an economic study based on real costs; for all the women, a “gold standard” reference method, colposcopy, was available and biopsies were performed whenever a lesion was detected; The conventional Pap smear, the LBC (split‐sample technique), the colposcopy, and the biopsies were done at the same time. This study included 2,585 women shared into two groups: a group A of a high‐risk population, a group B of a screening population. The statistical analysis of the results showed that conventional Pap smears consistently had superior or equivalent sensitivity and specificity than LBC for the lesions at threshold CIN‐I (Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia) or CIN‐II or higher. It underlined the low specificity of the HC II. Finally, the LBC mean cost was never covered by the Social Security tariff. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:338–343. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Terms without borders: An international approach to terminology
Authors: Herbert Dr. Amanda 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis article describes the similarities between different terminological systems for reporting the spectrum of abnormalities that comprise pre‐cancerous, malignant and equivocal cellular changes in epithelial cells of the uterine cervix. In particular, the new terminology proposed by the British Society for Clinical Cytology (BSCC) is closely aligned with the Bethesda system (TBS) as modified in 2001. Both make a clear distinction between high‐grade and low‐grade intraepithelial abnormalities and identify certain categories of atypical or borderline changes that are suspicious for high‐grade abnormalities. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:352–355. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of the 67 kilodalton laminin receptor in epithelioid malignant mesothelioma and carcinomas that spread to serosal cavities
Authors: Reich Reuven , Vintman Lina , Nielsen Søren , Kærn Janne , Bedrossian Carlos , Berner Aasmund , Davidson Ben 
Published: October 2005

AbstractExpression of the 67‐kd laminin receptor (67‐kd LR) has been reported in a wide range of carcinomas, in many of which it correlated with poor differentiation, metastasis, disease progression, and poor survival. Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a locally aggressive and highly lethal tumor of serosal cavities that is rarely associated with clinically detectable metastasis to distant organs. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of the 67‐kd LR in epithelioid MM and carcinomas in effusions. Effusions from patients diagnosed with ovarian (=24) and breast (=38) adenocarcinomas and MM (=24) (total = 86) were analyzed for 67‐kd LR protein expression, using immunocytochemistry. The 67‐kd LR mRNA expression was additionally analyzed in 21 MM effusions using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Protein expression of the 67‐kd LR was frequently detected in carcinomas (19/24 ovarian tumors, 79%; 15/38 breast tumors, 39%), but was rare in MM (2/24 cases, 8%), despite the presence of mRNA transcripts for the receptor in all 21 specimens studied using RT‐PCR. Nine benign effusions that were additionally studied for protein expression were uniformly negative, as were all reactive mesothelial cells in malignant effusions. Our results suggest that the 67‐kd LR may aid in the differential diagnosis between metastatic carcinoma, mainly of ovarian origin, and MM. They additionally suggest that the failure of MM to express the 67‐kd LR protein, as opposed to the frequent expression in carcinomas with proven metastatic capacity, may be one of the factors contributing to the reduced ability of the former tumor to metastasize to distant organs. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:332–337. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, Structure and Characterisation of a New Trinuclear Di‐μ‐phenolato‐μ‐carboxylato MnIIIMnIIMnIII Complex with a Bulky Pentadentate Ligand: Chemical Access to Mononuclear MnIV–OH Entities
Authors: Hureau Christelle , Anxolabéhère‐Mallart Elodie , Blondin Geneviève , Rivière Eric , Nierlich Martine 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA new trinuclear MnIIIMnIIMnIII complex has been isolated and X‐ray characterised, namely [(py‐salpn)MnIII(μ‐OAc)MnII(μ‐OAc)MnIII(py‐salpn)]2+ (1), where H2py‐salpn is the new bulky [N3O2] ligand derived from the H2salpn Schiff base by the addition of one pyridine arm and the reduction of the imine function. The crystal structure reveals that the complex has a strictly 180° MnIII···MnII···MnIII angle, the MnII ion being located at an inversion centre. The complex is valence‐trapped, with the terminal MnIII ions showing a Jahn–Teller elongation along the pyridine–MnIII–acetate axis. The MnII···MnIII separation is 3.1224(13) Å. The EPR spectra recorded on solid and frozen solutions are consistent with an MnIIIMnIIMnIII species. The electrochemical response of complex 1 in acetonitrile solution exhibits two, one‐electron reduction waves at E1/2 = 0.140 and –0.075 V vs. SCE.Phenolato and acetato→MnIII ligand‐to‐metal charge‐transfer transitions are detected by UV/Visible spectroscopy at 359 and 587 nm, respectively. Chemical oxidation of an acetonitrile solution with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide leads to mononuclear MnIV–hydroxo species, as evidenced by UV/Visible and EPR spectroscopy as well as ESI mass spectrometry.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Asymmetric Michael Reactions on Polymeric Support: Auxiliary Immobilization and Stereoselective Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters
Authors: Kreidler Burkard , Baro Angelika , Christoffers Jens 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSeveral strategies for the immobilization of a L‐valine‐derived auxiliary on a Merrifield resin and on poly(ethylene glycol) are reported. The latter is shown to work excellently in asymmetric copper(II)‐catalyzed Michael reactions of cyclic β‐oxo esters 2 with methyl vinyl ketone (4), yielding the corresponding addition products 5 with quaternary stereocenter in selectivities of 97–99 % ee. The PEG‐supported auxiliary 1d can be precipitated from diethyl ether solutions and reused. A sulfur‐containing β‐oxo ester 2c was prepared in 92 % yield by a DMAP‐catalyzed transesterification method in order to detect enamine formation on solid support. The sulfur content can be used as an additional parameter in combustion analysis and therefore, may act as a diagnostic probe for enamine formation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Fluorine‐Flanked Congested Sites: Minimal, Though Perceptible Buttressing Effects on the Proton Mobility of Arenes
Authors: Heiss Christophe , Leroux Frédéric , Schlosser Manfred 
Published: October 2005

Abstract(2,6‐Difluorophenyl)trimethylsilane, ‐triethylsilane and ‐triisopropylsilane undergo sec‐butyllithium‐mediated metalation at the 3‐ and 4‐position (ortho and meta relative to the halogen) in ratios of 99.6:0.4, 98:2 and 95:5, respectively. The steric pressure transmitted by the fluorine atoms can be increased if the trialkylsilyl group is locked up on the other side by a relatively voluminous substituent. Whereas (2,6‐difluorophenyl)triethylsilane is attacked by lithium 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidide under deprotonation of the 4‐ and 5‐position in a ratio of 99.4:0.6, the proportion of “ortho”/“meta” metalation changes to 84:16 when (2‐bromo‐6‐fluorophenyl)triethylsilane acts as the substrate. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Dynamic Combinatorial Thiolester Libraries for EfficientCatalytic Self‐Screening of Hydrolase Substrates
Authors: Larsson Rikard , Ramström Olof 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDynamic combinatorial thiolester libraries were efficiently generated from pools of thiols and acyl functionalities through reversible transthiolesterification in aqueous media at neutral pH. The dynamic features of the library generation were investigated, and the libraries were screened against acetylcholinesterase, clearly demonstrating the catalytic self‐screening of its substrates from the constituents. Acetyl‐ and propionylthiocholine were easily identified as the best substrates for the enzyme, whereas other constituents showed lower efficiency or were inactive. A range of hydrolases was furthermore screened for rapid substrate identification, clearly demonstrating the differences in selectivity. The results show that transthiolesterification is a useful method to generate dynamic libraries, and that the catalytic self‐screening concept is highly valuable for substrate identification. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Slippage in futures markets: Evidence from the Sydney Futures Exchange
Authors: Frino Alex , Oetomo Teddy 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis article examines the market‐impact cost of trades executed in futures markets, which is commonly referred to as slippage. With the use of a unique data set provided by the Sydney Futures Exchange, this article documents that slippage costs incurred in executing packages of trades in stock‐index and interest‐rate futures markets are significantly smaller than market‐impact costs documented previously for equity markets. Furthermore, in contrast to research based on equity markets, there is little evidence that trade packages executed in futures markets convey information, or that purchases and sales behave differently. In fact, the evidence presented in this article implies that slippage in futures markets is entirely a liquidity cost, and symmetrical for purchases and sales. This is consistent with previous work, which conjectures that there is an absence of private information in stock‐index and interest‐rate futures markets. Finally, analogously to previous research, there is some evidence that trade size and the identity of traders are determinants of slippage; however, these variables explain less than 10% of the total variation in slippage. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 25:1129–1146, 2005
Structurally sound dynamic index futures hedging
Authors: Kofman Paul , McGlenchy Patrick 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPortfolio managers use index futures for a variety of reasons. Regardless of their motivation, they will keep a close eye on the relation between the index futures returns and their stock‐portfolio returns. Whenever this relation is perceived to have changed, the manager will decide whether it is worthwhile to rebalance the index futures—portfolio mix accordingly. Exact measures as to when and how much rebalancing should occur have not yet been established. This article proposes a dynamic hedging algorithm based on a reverse order CUSUM‐squared (ROC) testing procedure, first discussed in M. H. Pesaran and A. Timmermann (2002). A comparison with standard alternatives (naïve, expanding, EWLS, and rolling estimation windows) finds limited improvements in hedging performance, both in‐ and out‐of‐sample. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 25:1173–1202, 2005
Information flows and option bid/ask spreads
Authors: Berchtold Fredrik , Nordén Lars 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis study analyzes two types of information flows in financial markets. The first type represents return information, where informed investors know whether the stock price will increase or decrease. The second type is labeled volatility information, where the direction of the stock price is unknown, but informed investors know that the stock price either will increase or decrease. Both information flows are estimated within the GARCH framework, approximated with the use of Swedish OMX stockindex and options strangle return shocks, respectively. The results show significant conditional stock‐index and options strangle variance, although with notable differences. Stock‐index return shocks exhibit a high level of variance persistence and an asymmetric initial impact to the variance. Option strangle shocks have a relatively low persistence level, but a higher and more symmetric initial impact. A time‐series regression of call and put option bid/ask spreads is performed, relating the spreads to the information flows and other explanatory variables. The results show that call and put option bid/ask spreads are related to stock‐index and options strangle return shocks, as well as the conditional stock‐index variance. This is consistent with the view that market makers alter option spreads in response to return and volatility information flows, as well as the conditional stock‐index variance.© 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 25:1147–1172, 2005
Recovering market expectations of FOMC rate changes with options on federal funds futures
Authors: Carlson John B. , Craig Ben R. , Melick William R. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis article demonstrates how options on federal funds futures, which began trading in March 2003, can be used to recover the implied probability density function (PDF) for future Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) interest‐rate outcomes. The discrete nature of the choices made by the FOMC allows for a very straightforward recovery of the implied PDF using ordinary‐least‐squares (OLS) estimation. This simple recovery method stands in contrast to the relatively complicated PDF recovery techniques developed for options written on assets such as equities, foreign exchange, or commodity futures, where the underlying prices are most appropriately modeled as being drawn from continuous distributions. The OLS estimation is used to recover PDFs for single FOMC meetings as well as PDFs for joint estimation of multiple FOMC meetings, and allows for the imposition of restrictions on the recovered probabilities, both within and across FOMC meetings. Finally, recovered probabilities are used to assess the impact of data releases and Fed communication on the perceived likelihood of actual policy outcomes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 25:1203–1242, 2005