bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical esophageal strictures ‐ a surgical approach
Authors: Pierce Max K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeven patients have successfully undergone surgical correction of their cervical esophageal strictures. The strictures are secondary to caustic ingestion or follow the repair for Zenker's diverticulum. In the first stage the stricture is exteriorized with an extended cervical esophagostomy. The second stage follows in four or six weeks, at which time the adjacent skin to the stoma is trap‐doored over the defect and provides a significant amount of skin to augment the esophageal lumen. All of these patients are eating normally.
Caustic ingestion: Controversies in management. A review of 214 cases
Authors: Hawkins Donald B. , Demeter Milan J. , Barnett Thomas E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo hundred fourteen patients admitted with a history of caustic ingestion are reviewed. Sixty‐five had mucosal penetrating burns. Children five years of age and under accounted for 39% of admissions, but only 8% of burns requiring treatment. Adults accounted for 48% of admissions and 81% of burns requiring treatment. Complications associated with mucosal penetrating burns occurred in 31 patients; all but one were due to lye or acids. A three year prospective study evaluating methylprednisolone in the management of caustic burns is reported. This included 24 patients with mucosal penetrating burns due to lye or acids. The results of this study, and this review as a whole, indicate that methylprednisolone is beneficial in moderately severe burns due to lye, but is not indicated for severe burns from liquid lye, or for acid burns.
Diagnosis of perilymph fistula using eng and impedance
Authors: Daspit C. Phillip , Churchill Diane , Linthicum Fred H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe presence of perilymph fistula has been difficult to determine because of the lack of efficient and reliable testing methods. The condition is suspected on the basis of history alone and confirmed by surgery.This paper details a quick, reliable procedure called the ENG fistula test, using impedance bridge for pressure change and electronystagmography to aid the establishment of nystagmus and dizziness. To evaluate this procedure, a combination of tests were performed, including Valsalva maneuver, tragal compression, and pneumatic otoscopy, which were previously considered helpful in the diagnosis of fistula. Of them, Valsalva maneuver and tragal compression proved inconclusive; pneumatic otoscopy proved to be helpful. In comparison, however, the ENG fistula test proved most valuable, with results surgically confirmed in 90.8% of cases in this series.This study involved 74 patients whose primary complaint was dizziness. Only some patients simultaneously experienced hearing loss. Included are 5 patients whose positive ENG fistula test results and 15 whose negative test results were confirmed by surgery. Selected case histories are presented.
Cytomegalovirus and the otolaryngologist
Authors: Strauss Melvin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (CMV) is ubiquitous and has been documented as the etiologic factor in several diseases ranging from respiratory tract infection to congenital deafness. Special clinical manifestations of CMV of interest to the otolaryngologist are presented as related to the temporal bone and audiovestibular system, the facial nerve, the aerodigestive tract, the thyroid, the hematopoietic‐lymphoreticular system, and salivary gland.In addition, current concepts of CMV oncogenic potential are discussed as they relate to head and neck neoplasms. The results of a study performed on surgical pathology specimens obtained from 26 patients, in an attempt to isolate CMV in tissue culture from salivary gland and/or neoplasms of the head and neck, detected no evidence of viral presence. The significance of these findings and the role of future research is discussed.
Epidemiology of head and neck cancer
Authors: Keane William M. , Atkins Joseph P. , Wetmore Ralph , Vidas Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEpidemiologic considerations which are pertinent to cancer of the head and neck are broad and varied. Cigarette smoking continues to be the major cause of head and neck neoplasms. Occupational and environmental exposures to carcinogens have been well identified. Tumors may develop as a result of medical therapies. Susceptibility on a genetic basis has been shown, and the role of viruses in carcinogenesis has been further documented.
Differences in the ability of cells to fuse are mediated by strains of epstein‐barr virus
Authors: Takimoto Torn , Sato Hiroshi , Ogura Hisashi , Tanaka Saichiroh , Masuda Koh , Ishikawa Shigeru , Umeda Ryozo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) preparations from both NPC‐KT cells (NPC‐EBV) and P3HR‐1 cells (HR‐l‐EBV) can induce cell fusion between EBV receptor (EBVR)‐positive Raji cells and EBVR‐negative cells, but other strains of EBV cannot induce cell fusion. The effect of these two EBV isolates on ability of cells to fuse has been studied to determine if there are differences in the biological properties of the different EBV isolates, particularly the isolates obtained from nasopharyngeal carcinoma such as NPC‐EBV. The frequency of cell fusion between NPC‐EBV‐superinfected Raji cells and EBVR‐negative epithelial cells (Ad‐AH) was increased more than 30‐fold in the presence of medium containing 1% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). However, the frequency of cell fusion between HR‐1‐EBV‐superin‐fected Raji cells and Ad‐AH cells was unaffected under the same conditions. The data show that differences in the ability of cells to fuse ore induced by variants of EBV in response to DMSO. These differences may be important in elucidating the different biological properties of EBV isolates and might have implications for the pathophysiology of EBV‐associated illness.
Comparison of electrode sites in electrical stimulation of the cochlea
Authors: Lusted Hugh S. , Shelton Clough , Blair Simmons F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThere is considerable controversy about the “best” location for single channel cochlear implant electrodes. We measured the electrically induced auditory brain stem response (EABR) in a series of normal to totally denervated cat ears in response to promontory (P), round window (RW) and scala tympani (ST) stimulation. The status of the ganglion cell population was then assessed by light microscopy. In ears with light to medium ganglion cell loss the ST EABR yielded the most definitive input‐output functions. RW responses were present at increased thresholds and smaller peak amplitudes. P responses were worse or even missing completely. In severely damaged ears, including some with no detectable ganglion cells, ST and RW EABRs were both markedly reduced with considerable overlap between the two sites. P responses, when present, were almost buried in the electrical noise near threshold. Extrapolating these results to humans suggests that when ganglion cell loss is very severe the RW or ST is an acceptable stimulation site. When ganglion cell loss is moderate or better, ST electrodes are superior.
Documentation of upper airway obstruction in unilateral vocal cord paralysis: Flow‐volume loop studies in 43 subjects
Authors: Kashima Haskins K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUpper airway impairment of variable severity occurs in unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP). Among 43 subjects with UVCP all had voice disturbance, 22 had symptoms of airway impairment, and 27 had some disturbance of swallowing. The severity of the airway impairment was evaluated by flow‐volume loop spirogram which demonstrated reduced inspiratory flow rates (maximal and midvital capacity). Clinical recovery from paralysis or intracordal Teflonr̀ injection was accompanied by improvement in inspiratory flow rates.Airway impairment is most severe in subjects having UVCP due to intrathoracic disorder or intraoperative nerve interruption. Vocal cord position did not correlate with the severity of airway disturbance.The FVC and FEV1 determinations were normal in 33 and 29 cases, respectively, whereas the I‐50 and E‐50/I‐50 were normal in only 11 and 7 instances. This selective restriction of inspiratory flow rates and the abnormally low E‐50/I‐50 ratio was observed regularly. The sensitivity and reproducibility of the flow‐volume loop examination support the utilization of this test to evaluate the nature and severity of upper airway impairment; consecutive examinations can be utilized to monitor the clinical course or outcome from treatment.
Composite nasal septal cartilage graft for reconstruction after extended frontolateral hemilaryngectomy
Authors: Butcher R. Brent , Dunham Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWith the advent of extended partial laryngectomy for T2 and selected T3 true vocal cord carcinomas, the head and neck surgeon has had to deal not only with the rehabilitation of voice, but with the problem of laryngeal stenosis with obstruction of laryngeal airflow. To manage this difficult problem, it is necessary to restore the cartilagenous superstructure to prevent collapse of the laryngeal soft tissues. This is best done at the time of initial cancer resection. At the time of extended frontal lateral hemilaryngectomy, an exact template of the resected cartilage is made. From this, a composite nasal septal cartilage graft is utilized to restore the laryngeal superstructure. The anterior commissure is reconstructed by scoring the septal cartilage. It has been our experience with this procedure that the neoglottis remains both competent and functional.
Changes in the bacterial flora of the external ear canal from the wearing of occlusive equipment
Authors: Brook Itzhak , Coolbaugh James C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractExternal otitis has been associated with wearing obstructive gear covering the earlobe and external ear canal. In this study we investigated the changes in the bacterial flora of the external ear canal after wearing rubber hoods.The bacterial flora of external ear canals surfaces was investigated in a group of 19 volunteers who wore rubber hoods for n period of 25 to 30 minutes while doing manual work. The protective effect of 2% acetic acid was tested by intilling it in the left ear of all participants. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium acnes, and alpha‐hemolytic streptococci were the predominant isolates from the ear samples. After hoods were worn, there was a substantial increase in the number of these organisms in 7 (36.8%) of the external ears. However, an increase in the bacterial counts in the external ear canals occurred in only 2 (10.5%) of the individuals treated prophylactically with acetic acid drops (P<0.02).
Laryngotracheal stenosis in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia
Authors: Myer Charles M. , Cotton Robin T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLaryngotracheal stenosis has not been reported previously as a manifestation of spondylocpiphyseal dysplasiu. Two recent cases are reported detailing the upper airway pathology encountered. The clinical features of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasiu are reviewed in an attempt to develop a treatment protocol for such patients with laryngotracheal stenosis. The ultrastructural abnormalities found in these patients' cartilages are emphasized. Caution is advised before attempting laryngotracheoplasty.
Sinusitis in immunodeficient and immunosuppressed patients
Authors: Berlinger Norman T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSinusitis tends to occur in immunodeficient and immunosuppressed patients during periods of severe leukopenia. This group of patients includes those with primary immunodeficiency diseases, patients with leukemia receiving chemotherapy, and those undergoing bone marrow transplantation or kidney transplantation. The clinical and radiographic signs may be minimal or initially unimpressive. Sinusitis clue to Aspergillus, Phycomycetes, or Psendomonas may be fulminant and even fatal, requiring extensive surgical procedures for control.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Authors: Conway William A. , Slcklesteel Jeanne M. , Wittig Robert M. , Fujita Shiro , Zorick Frank J. , Roehrs Timothy A. , Roth Thomas 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new surgical procedure to treat obstructive sleep apncn by uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) was evaluated in 66 patients, 63 men and 3 women, with objectively documented sleep apnea syndrome. Removal of redundant tissue in the oropharynx (UPPP) significantly improved excessive daytime sleepiness, reduced by half the frequency of apneas and hypoxia occurring during sleep, and improved the quality of sleep. Closer analysis indicated that all 66 patients did not benefit to the same degree. Among patients classified as responders, the frequency of apnea was reduced to a level seen in healthy adults of the same age, measures of sleep approached normal, and excessive daytime sleepiness was eliminated. In nonresponders, frequency of apnea and consequent disruption of sleep was not reduced, but nocturnal hypoxia was improved.
The versatile cartilage autograft in reconstruction of the nose and face
Authors: Tardy M. Eugene , Denneny James , Fritsch Michael H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper deals with the long‐term follow‐up of cartilage autografts taken from various parts of the body to reconstruct areas of the nose, ear, trachea, eyelid, and other areas of the body which require augmentation, effacement, and long‐term support. Our thesis will be that the cartilage autograft is the implant of choice in many of these areas, and that fate of autogenous cartilage is well known and should be given strong priority in facial grafting.
Three‐dimensional computer reconstruction of the neuromuscular junction distribution in the human posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
Authors: Gambino Dean R. , Malmgren Leslie T. , Gacek Richard R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRecent studies have indicated that in a denervated muscle highly specific interactions occur between regenerating axons and the basal lamina of the myofiber precisely at the original synaptic sites. Since these findings suggest that synapse regeneration is facilitated at the original synaptic sites, a knowledge of the distribution of neuromuscular junctions in the human posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle may guide reinnervation procedures in this muscle. We, therefore, have used histochemical and computer graphics techniques to reconstruct the three‐dimensional distribution of neuromuscular junctions in the human PCA taken fresh at autopsy. The results indicated a more localized pattern of neuromuscular junctions as compared to the human thyroarytenoid muscle. The results will be discussed with respect to their implications for procedures for reinnervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle.
The petrified auricle: Comments on ossification, calcification and exostoses of the external ear
Authors: Dibartolomeo Joseph R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe petrified auricle is a clinical entity in which the auricle, in part or total, has become stone‐hard and moves as a rigid unit. This uncommon condition is most often due to ectopic calcification of the auricular cartilage. It may occur as a result of local trauma, in association with various systemic diseases such as Addison's disease, hypopituitarism, thyroid or parathyroid disorders, or following radiation therapy. Auricular ossificans (ectopic ossification) is a rare phenomenon in which the rigidity of the petrified ear is due to replacement of the elastic cartilage by bone. In the literature there are presently nine cases documented histologically. Two more cases are reported here.In most cases, the auricular changes are preceded by acute, severe hypothermia (frostbite). Exostoses of the external auditory canal is another disease of the external ear in which the proliferation of bone follows chronic mild hypothermia of the external auditory canal caused by exposure to cold water while surfing. It is postulated that if surfers who have developed exostoses of the external auditory canal from the cold water continue to enjoy such littoral activities, ossification of the auricle may also occur.
Group psychotherapy for head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Harris Lenore L. , Vogtsberger Kenneth N. , Mattox Douglas E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe diagnosis of cancer has n profound emotional effect on the patient. We report the two‐year experience of a weekly support group attended by 142 hospitalized head and neck cancer patients and 33 family members.The major goal for the group was to provide an open forum for discussion of any problems that faced the patient. Group size was usually four to eight patients and two to four therapists. Weekly data sheets documented attendance and major themes for the group. The most common theme was anticipation of and reaction to treatment.Initial difficulties with the group included ambivalence by the professional staff, Iow attendance, and logistical problems. Subjective impressions of the staff were that the group improved patients morale, patient to patient support, compliance, and decreased the rate of discharge against medical advice.
Head and neck complications of epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Kaluza Charles , Kennedy Bobby Joe , Harman Lee 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa is a rare congenital skin disease which is characterized by easy formation of traumatic skin bullae. The disease is usually detected in early infancy due to the recurrent bullae. Prognosis is dependent on the histological variant which is present. A case of autosomal recessive epidermolysis bullosa is presented, which demonstrates many of the head and neck complications of the disease. Traditional skin care modalities as well as multiple surgical procedures such as skin grafts and the use of amniotic membrane were used without success. Limited natural healing, which was possibly promoted by oral phenytoin, has occurred.
Benign parotid diseases of childhood
Authors: Wright Geoffrey L. , Smith Richard J. H. , Katz Charles D. , Atkins James H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA 25‐year retrospective study of 63 pediatric surgical cases of benign parotid disease was done. Inflammatory disorders accounted for 34 of the cases. The remaining 29 non‐inflammatory conditions included vasoformative, solid, and cystic lesions and were nearly always asymptomatic.
Microscopic analysis of the mastoid bone in chronic serous otitis media
Authors: Newberg Lewis B. , Ling Virginia , Shamsuddin Abulkalam M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe puthologic changes of the middle ear and mastoid bone mucosa in two pediatric patients with long standing chronic serous otitis media were studied by electron and light microscopy. The embryological development of the eustachian tube, middle ear cleft, and mastoid bone suggests a common physiological and anatomical continuity. The histological changes by light and electron microscopy in these patients demonstrates the metaplastic changes of the basal cell of the mucosa differentiating into mucous and keratin cells. These metaplastic changes are associated with the exudative process known as chronic serous otitis media.
Surgical section of the posterior ampullary nerve
Authors: Meyerhoff William L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSurgical section of the posterior ampullary nerve (PAN) has been used as a form of therapy for persistent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Eighteen patients were reviewed. The PAN was identified in 16 patients, 15 of whom were completely cured and one of whom had improvement of symptoms. Severe sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) occurred in three patients. This study suggests that surgical section of the PAN is effective. The procedure is facilitated by a postauricular incision and canalplasty.
Sinusitis in intensive care unit patients
Authors: Kronbiorg Frank G. , Goodwin W. Jarrard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe ultimate source of sepsis may be difficult to pinpoint in critically ill patients with multiple possible sources of iatrogenic infection. In the last year, we have been consulted with regard to several febrile intensive care unit patients in whom sinusitis was initially identified by computerized axial tomography done for other reasons. The questions are: 1. are the x‐ray findings significant; 2. is this the cause of fever and sepsis; 3. how should the patient be treated for this problem; and 4. can this be prevented.In five patients, sepsis was clearly related to sinusitis. Treatment had included nasal tubes in all six patients, and in addition, five patients had received high doses of corticosteroids while intubated. The sixth patient was a diabetic.Etiology, diagnosis, and management are discussed in detail. We believe that prolonged nasal intubation should be avoided, particularly in patients with decreased resistance to infection. Initial treatment consists of removing intranasal tubes and the administration of broad spectrum or culture specific antibiotics. Surgery is indicnted in the event of persistent sepsis or secondary complications. Computerized tomography is an excellent tool for diagnosis and following response to therapy.
Tracheostomy tube fracture: An unusual etiology of upper respiratory airway obstruction
Authors: Otto Randal A. , Davis William 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTracheostomy tube fracture with subsequent migration of the proximal fragment down the tracheobronchial tree is an almost unheard of cause of tracheal foreign bodies. Most such occurrences have been reported outside the United States, and only six previous reports have been filed. We report an additional case of fractured tracheostomy tube and review the literature.
Newer technique of tracheoesophageal fistula for vocal rehabilitation after total laryngectomy
Authors: Maniglia Anthony J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn 1982, we published a new technique to create a tracheoesophageal (TE) fistula, using the combination of an endotracheal tube and a flexible fiberoptic nasophoryngolaryngoscope. An even more simple technique using a fenestrated metal Yankauer Tonsillar saction is now introduced. This technique allows for the TE fistula to be made by any level of the tracheo‐esophageal junction. It is easily done with topical and local anesthesia with the patient sitting on the otolaryngology examination chair. The method described has been used in 25 consecutive cases with no complications.
Epidermoid cysts, sulci, and mucosal bridges of the true vocal cord: A report of 157 cases
Authors: Bouchayer Marc , Cornut Guy , Loire Robert , Roch J. Blaise , Witzig Edouard , Bastian Robert W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPresented is a summary of our experience with 157 patients having a diagnosis of epidermoid cyst, glottic sulcus, or mucosal bridge of the true vocal cord. Each patient in this group was diagnosed and treated jointly by a phoniatrist and microlaryngoscopist and then evaluated for results of surgical and phoniatric therapy.Included in the discussion are methods of examination and diagnosis, microanatomy and histopathology of the lesions, methods of treatment, and results of treatment. An argument for a common etiology for these lesions is advanced.