bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of furosemide on the racing times of horses with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage
Authors: Soma L. R. , Laster L. , Oppenlander F. , Barr-Alderfer V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 3 groups of horses with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (eiph), comparisons of racing times and finishing positions were made between the 5 races before the horses were given furosemide and 5 races after furosemide administration. The horses were grouped according to 3 methods used to diagnose eiph: group 1, observation of hemorrhage at the nostrils within 1 hour after a workout or race; group 2, observation of pulmonary hemorrhage only by endoscopic examination after a race or workout; and group 3, observation of hemorrhage at the nostrils during a race or immediately after a race. Group 4 horses were randomly selected horses running during the study period and were not given furosemide.
The statistical method was analysis of covariance and the dependent variable was horses’ time per distance. The study compared the 4 groups of horses, using the estimated value of the horses (≤ +10,000 or > $10,000), and the horses’ interaction in races 1 through 5 before and races 6 through 10 after furosemide treatment. The horses’ times were adjusted by the relevant covariates, distance, track variant, and winning time per distance. Significant changes in horses’ time per distance were not noticed when comparing values from races 1 through 5 with those in races 6 through 10 in group 1 horses. Group 3 horses had changes in the adjusted racing time per distance in the higher estimated value and group 2 horses had a consistent change in time per distance when the performance in the 2 racing periods were compared. There were no changes in group 4 horses’ time per distance. Furosemide administered 4 hours before racing did not have an effect in all horses with eiph nor did eiph affect all horses uniformly.
Accelerated bovine mammary involution induced by infusion of concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin
Authors: Breau W. C. , Oliver S. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Right mammary quarters of dairy cows were infused with concanavalin A (conA) or phytohemagglutinin (pha) near drying off. Significant changes in milk yield and composition were observed by 24 hours after infusion. In general, conA or pha treatment resulted in significantly greater compositional changes earlier in the dry period compared with control quarters. As involution progressed, lactoferrin, serum albumin, immunoglobulin G, pH, and numbers of somatic cells increased, whereas citrate and the molar ratio of citrate:lactoferrin decreased. Mammary secretion accumulation at 7 days of involution was significantly lower in treated compared with control quarters. The data indicated that intramammary infusion of conA or pha near drying off accelerates bovine mammary involution, resulting in elevated levels of natural protective factors.
Xylazine-pentobarbital anesthesia in dogs and its antagonism by yohimbine
Authors: Hsu Walter H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Once a week for 4 weeks, 5 dogs were given im injections of xylazine (2.2 mg/kg of body weight) followed in 10 minutes by iv injections of pentobarbital (14 mg/kg). The resultant duration of anesthesia, absence of pedal reflex, and time from return of consciousness to ambulation were consistent from week to week. The mean times were 137.3, 111.8, and 56.9 minutes, respectively.
A second experiment using 5 other dogs was performed to evaluate the antagonistic effect of yohimbine on the anesthesia induced by the xylazine-pentobarbital combination. When yohimbine (0.1 mg/kg, iv) was administered 10, 60, and 120 minutes after the xylazine-pentobarbital injection (given as in the 1st experiment), it abolished or markedly reduced the duration of anesthesia, absence of pedal reflex, and the time from return of consciousness to ambulation. After being given yohimbine, the dogs had a smooth recovery without postanesthetic excitement.
In experiment 3, im xylazine injections caused bradycardia without changing mean arterial blood pressure. Subsequent iv pentobarbital administration abolished xylazine-induced bradycardia for approximately 20 minutes and decreased arterial blood pressure slightly and gradually. Respiration was markedly depressed for the first 20 minutes of xylazine-pentobarbital anesthesia and gradually decreased during the rest of the 50-minute monitoring period. Yohimbine injection at postpentobarbital dosing minute 50 reversed the resumed xylazine-induced bradycardia and relieved other signs of respiratory depression associated with xylazine-pentobarbital anesthesia.
The xylazine-pentobarbital combination was safe and effective for inducing and maintaining up to 2 hours of anesthesia in dogs. Yohimbine was an effective antagonist for the xylazine-pentobarbital combination. Yohimbine may be useful for arousal of dogs anesthetized with a xylazine-pentobarbital combination.
Laparoscopic sterilization of the bitch and queen by uterine horn occlusion
Authors: Wildt David E. , Lawler Dennis F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Laparoscopic sterilization techniques, originally developed for use in women, were evaluated in the bitch and queen. In the first study (study I), the uterine horns of 6 bitches and 3 queens were occluded by electrocoagulation or plastic clips. The sites of occlusion were midway along the length of 1 cornus and at the uterotubal junction on the contralateral side. Both procedures effectively occluded the uterine horns, as evidenced by a distinctly visible separation of the reproductive tract. Laparoscopic examination 1 year after surgery revealed an enlarged, thin-walled, and fluid-filled uterine segment cranial to the midcornus occlusion sites in all animals. The contralateral horn was normal in appearance, except for the separation from the ovarian bursa. Three of the bitches developed pyometra (confined to the distended uterine segment) at 24 months, at 53 months, and at 72 months after sterilization, respectively. In a subsequent study (study II), 1 adult and 5 prepubertal bitches were sterilized by laparoscopic electrocoagulation of both uterine horns at the uterotubal junction adjacent to the ovarian bursa. Upon reexamination 1, 2, and 4 years later, the uterine horns of these females were normal in appearance, but were separated from the adjacent ovarian bursae. These females continued to be clinically healthy. Laparoscopic sterilization offers a rapid and safe alternative to ovariohysterectomy and, because of its minor invasive nature, can be performed on young, prepubertal animals. Such a procedure may have particular value as a simple, practical means of sterilizing dogs and cats on a mass basis.
Effects of bovine viral diarrhea virus on the percentages and absolute numbers of circulating B and T lymphocytes in cattle
Authors: Bolin S. R. , McClurkin A. W. , Coria M. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The percentage and absolute numbers of circulating B and T lymphocytes were determined for 10 healthy cattle by labeling mononuclear cells with anti-bovine immunoglobulin or peanut agglutinin. The cattle were then inoculated with a cytopathogenic isolate of bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus, and B- and T-lymphocyte populations were again quantitated at given intervals. Seemingly, bvd virus caused a decrease in the absolute numbers of B and T lymphocytes and in the percentage of T lymphocytes. Although these effects lasted through 7 days, all of the cattle recovered from infection and had detectable bvd virus-neutralizing antibodies in their sera 17 days after exposure.
Kinetics of antibody formation after the reactivation of bovine herpesvirus-1 infection in cattle
Authors: Guy James S. , Potgieter Leon N. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Holstein heifers previously infected with bovine herpesvirus-1 were treated with corticosteroids to reactivate latent infection. The kinetics of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgG1, and IgG2 antibody formation were determined.
The secondary immune response which developed as a consequence of virus reactivation was characterized by an anamnestic IgG antibody response. Secondary IgGl and IgG2 antibody formation constituted the IgG antibody response. In addition, secondary IgM antibody formation was elicited by this form of bovine herpesvirus-1 antigenic exposure.
Characterization of Brucella abortus strain 19 isolated from human and bovine tissues and fluids
Authors: Meyer Margaret E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
One hundred isolates of Brucella abortus, which were recovered from bovine and human tissues or fluids, were identified as strain 19 by conventional bacteriologic methods. Each isolate was examined using a Warburg respirometer to determine oxidative rates on substrates of d- and l-alanine, l-glutamic acid, d(+)-galactose, d-ribose, and i-erythritol. These results were compared with those of repository (seed) cultures of strain 19 used for making antigens and vaccines. Except on the substrate of i-erythritol, each of the 100 isolates oxidized these substrates with rates different from the repository cultures and indistinguishable from those of field strains of B abortus. Thus, oxidatively, i-erythritol was the only substrate useful to help distinguish between strain 19 and virulent strains of B abortus biotype 1.
Comparison of peripheral blood and uterine-derived polymorphonuclear leukocytes from mares resistant and susceptible to chronic endometritis; Chemotactic and cell elastimetry analysis
Authors: Liu Irwin K. M. , Cheung Anthony T. W. , Walsh Erin M. , Miller Michael E. , Lindenberg Patricia M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The functional competence of peripheral blood and uterine-derived polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) from 12 mares were analyzed for chemotactic responsiveness using a chemotactic chamber (filter) assay and for deformability by cell elastimetry analysis.
Peripheral blood pmn obtained from control mares and from 8 mares experimentally inoculated via the uterus with 1 × 109 Streptococcus zooepidemicus had similar normal chemotactic responsiveness and were highly deformable before and at 12 hours after inoculation.
Uterine pmn obtained 12 hours after uterine inoculation with S zooepidemicus from resistant mares were not as deformable as peripheral blood pmn, but were within normal functional limits. The chemotactic responsiveness of uterine pmn from these mares was normal. Uterine pmn obtained from mares considered susceptible to endometritis 12 hours after uterine infection did not have chemotactic responsiveness and were nondeformable.
The results indicated profound differences in the functional competence of uterine pmn between mares considered resistant and susceptible to chronic endometritis.
Lungworms (Dictcauaulus arnfieldi): Prevalence in live equids in Kentucky
Authors: Lyons E. T. , Tolliver S. C , Drudge J. H. , Swerczek T. W. , Crowe M. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Prevalence of natural infections of the lungworm, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, was investigated in Kentucky in 5,437 live equids (horses, ponies, and asses) on 91 farms by examination of fecal samples over a 15-month-period from January 28, 1983 to April 19, 1984. For the 91 farms investigated, asses only were examined on 1 farm; for the other 90 farms, examinations were made of horses on all of them, of ponies on 4 farms, and of asses on 9 farms.
Larvae of D arnfieldi were found in fecal samples of 112 (2%) of 5,379 horses on the 90 farms of which 38% had ≥ 1 infected animal; none of 19 ponies examined was infected. For 39 asses (donkeys and mules) examined, 21 (54%) were infected; infected asses were present on 80% of the 10 farms on which they were examined.
The equids, excluding asses, that were examined and the percentage (in parentheses) infected with D arnfieldi included 4,329 (2%) Thoroughbreds, 684 (2%) Standardbreds, 78 (0%) American Saddle Horses, and 307 (3%) miscellaneous (other breeds or mixed breeds of horses and ponies).
Equids were separated into 3 categories relative to previous treatment with ivermectin: A (no treatment), B (treatment), and C (treatment unknown). For categories A, B, and C, the number of equids examined and the percentage (in parentheses) infected with D arnfieldi were 4,131 (2%), 97 (0%), and 101 (3%) for Thoroughbreds, respectively; 575 (3%), 108 (1%), and 1 (0%) for Standardbreds, respectively; 52 (0%), 26 (0%), and 0 (0%) for American Saddle Horses, respectively; 257 (4%), 41 (0%), and 9 (0%) for miscellaneous other breeds or mixed breeds of horses and ponies), respectively; 28 (68%), 2 (0%), and 0 (0%) for donkeys, respectively; and 7 (29%), 2 (0%), and 0 (0%) for mules, respectively. In categories A, B, and C, the total number of equids examined, excluding asses, and the percentage infected with D arnfieldi in parentheses! were 5.015 (2%), 272 (< 1%), and 111 (3%), respectively.
Characteristics of F and H waves of ulnar and tibial nerves in cats: Reference values
Authors: Knecht Charles D. , Redding Richard W. , Wilson Sharon 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The latencies and latency rates of H and F waves were determined by percutaneous stimulation of the ulnar and the tibial nerves of healthy cats. In the ulnar and tibial nerves, the latency rates of H wave evoked compound action potentials were 49.1 ± 7.3 and 44.1 ± 2.7 m/s, respectively, and of F waves were 68.1 ± 9.6 and 57.1 ± 6.2 m/s, respectively. The H wave response of cats was more variable in latency and amplitude than that reported in the dog.
Spinal fluid concentrations of mepivacaine in horses and procaine in cows after thoracolumbar subarachnoid analgesia
Authors: Skarda R. T. , Muir W. W. , Ibrahim A. I. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The csf concentrations of mepivacaine in 10 Standardised horses and of procaine in 10 Holstein cows given the drugs by thoracolumbar subarachnoid injection were determined.
Mepivacaine hydrochloride was injected into the horses (502 ± 60.5 kg) at an average dosage of 30 mg (1.5 ml of 20 mg/ml solution). Analgesia was produced 7.5 ± 4.3 minutes after injection, extended between spinal cord segments T13 and L3 on both sides of the spinal column, and lasted 47 ± 18.7 minutes at the T18 dermatome.
Procaine hydrochloride was injected into cows (614 ± 51.5 kg) at a dosage ranging between 75 mg and 100 mg (1.5 ml and 2 ml of 50 mg/ml solution). Analgesia was produced 8.2 ± 2.0 minutes after injection, extended between spinal cord segments T11 and L4 on both sides of the spinal column, and lasted 47 ± 17.5 minutes at the T13 dermatome.
The critical csf concentrations of local anesthetics required to eliminate response to pinprick stimulation were 204.4 ± 90.3 μg of mepivacaine/ml in horses and 197.0 ± 86.1 μg of procaine/ml in cows. Average csf concentrations at 120 minutes after injections were made were 16.8 ± 15.5 μg of mepivacaine/ml and 30.6 ± 17.1 μg of procaine/ml.
In in vitro experiments to determine the rates of hydrolysis of mepivacaine and procaine in csf, significant changes (P > 0.05) were not seen in the csf concentrations of mepivacaine in horses and procaine in cattle after a 120 minute incubation (37 C).
The analgesic threshold concentrations of mepivacaine in csf of horses and procaine in csf of cows were similar. The decline of the subarachnoid mepivacaine and procaine concentrations, which determine the duration of analgesia, was due to absorption of drug into the systemic circulation and not due to hydrolysis in csf.
Peripheral concentrations of cortisol as an indicator of stress in the pig
Authors: Becker B. A. , Nienaber J. A. , Christenson R. K. , Manak R. C. , DeShazer J. A. , Hahn G. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-four crossbred gilts (7 to 9 months old) were exposed to 3 different stressors to evaluate changes in peripheral concentrations of the adrenal hormone cortisol. Gilts were confined in a box for 1 hour, electrically stimulated for 6 minutes, or heat-stressed for 6 hours; these stressors were imposed for 3 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected repeatedly, and serum cortisol concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay.
Peak cortisol concentrations for pigs in the box, electrically stimulated, and heat-stressed were 67.8 ± 9.9 ng/ml ( ± sem), 43.2 ± 5.8 ng/ml, and 25.2 ± 3.0 ng/ml > the control concentrations. The times at which these peaks occurred varied with each stressor. Overall serum cortisol concentrations decreased from day 1 to day 3, but the response to a given stressor was not diminished. Our data substantiate the use of cortisol as an indicator of stress in swine and emphasize consideration for the interval between exposures to stressors.
Immunologic response of sheep to inactivated and virulent bluetongue virus
Authors: Stott Jeffrey L. , Barber Thomas L. , Osburn Bennie I. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Humoral and cellular immune responses of sheep to inactivated and virulent bluetongue virus (btv) were studied. All sheep inoculated with inactivated btv developed btv group-specific nonneutralizing antibodies, as determined by agar-gel immunodiffusion. The development of group-specific, nonneutralizing, complement-fixing antibodies was variable and appeared to be dependent on immunizing btv serotype, sheep breed, and individual variation. Virus-neutralizing antibodies were never detected after inoculation with the inactivated btv.
In vitro lymphocyte stimulation to btv soluble antigen was observed with cells from all inoculated Warhill sheep and with cells from 1 of 3 inoculated Suffolk cross sheep.
Complement-fixation titers did not appear to correlate with the degree of protection observed, ie, duration of postchallenge-exposure viremia. The development of postchallenge-exposure neutralizing antibody titer was inversely correlated to protective immunity. The development of a response to btv antigen in the lymphocyte stimulation test associated most closely with protection. Warhill sheep were afforded better protection, by inoculation with inactivated btv, to live virus challenge exposure than were the Suffolk cross sheep. Approximately 30% of the inoculated Suffolk cross sheep responded to challenge exposure with intensified clinical signs of bluetongue, compared with the challenge-exposed control sheep of the same breed.
Observations of tabanid feeding on mares and foals
Authors: Foil L. , Stage D. , Adams W. V. , Issel C. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The occurrence of tabanid feeding between mares and foals was observed. When mares and foals were observed freely moving within a pasture situation, foals had 2.43% (4 flies in 77 observations vs 297 flies in 139 observations) of the tabanid feeding occurrences of the mares. This difference in tabanid burden varied due to herd size, herd location, and tabanid species. Lower tabanid burden of foals was indicated as a practical protective mechanism against pathogenic agents mechanically transmitted by tabanids, such as equine infectious anemia virus.
Effect of endotoxin administration on body fluid compartments in the horse
Authors: Spurlock G. H. , Landry S. L. , Sams R. , McGuirk S. , Muir W. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Plasma volume, extracellular fluid volume (ecfv), and total body water (tbw) were measured before and after endotoxin (Escherichia coli) administration in 6 conscious adult horses. Evan’s blue dye, sodium thiocyanate, and antipyrine were the test substances used to estimate plasma volume, ecfv, and tbw, respectively. Pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma concentration vs time was used to determine changes in body fluid compartments. The pathophysiologic effects of endotoxin were monitored by clinical evaluation, blood chemical changes, and blood gas determinations. All horses became dyspneic within 15 minutes of endotoxin administration and clinical signs of colic were evident 30 to 45 minutes after endotoxin administration. After endotoxin administration, serum glucose and creatinine concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated, and all horses became hypoxic and developed marked metabolic acidosis, and plasma volume decreased approximately 15% (P < 0.05). A significant change in ecfv or tbw during the 300-minute experimental period was not observed.
Epidemiologic study of toxoplasmosis on a sheep ranch
Authors: Behymer D. E. , Ruppanner R. , Davis E. W. , Franti C. E. , Les C. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An epidemiologic study was done on a ranch in northern California on a flock of ewes that had a history of abortions, mummified fetuses, weak or stillborn lambs, and failure to conceive. Of 56 ewes tested, 33 (59%) had serum agglutinating antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, with an unusually high proportion of high titers. Over a 2-year-period, reproductive problems were higher (39% to 42%) among the seropositive ewes than among the seronegative ewes (9% to 33%). Of 89 sera received from persons and 7 species of animals on the ranch, 44 (49%) were found to be seropositive to T gondii, including seropositive members of a family of 6. The rancher’s wife and teenage daughter, both of whom were involved with lambing, had serum titers exceeding 4,096. Other members of the family not involved with lambing were seronegative by the indirect hemagglutination test. The 2 infected persons are known to have come in contact with placentas, birth fluids, fetuses, and colostrums from these infected ewes.
Detection of papillomaviruses in cutaneous fibromas of white-tailed and mule deer
Authors: Sundberg John P. , Williams Elizabeth S. , Hill David , Lancaster Wayne D. , Nielsen Svend W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Naturally occurring cutaneous fibromas affecting white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (O hemionus), and cutaneous fibropapillomas of domestic cattle were tested for papillomavirus using indirect immunofluorescence (if), peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap), and negative-stain electron microscopic techniques. Papillomavirus was consistently detected using rabbit antiserum against papillomavirus group-specific antigen in all mule deer fibromas and bovine fibropapillomas; only 16 of 28 white-tailed deer fibromas tested by if and 9 of 15 tested by pap were detected. Normal skin from white-tailed deer or cattle was consistently negative for virus. Similar results were obtained by negative-stain electron microscopic examination of partially purified tumor homogenates. Using deer fibroma virus or bovine papillomavirus type 1-specific antisera, viruses were typed by if, pap, and immunoelectron microscopy.
Measurement of canine plasma fibronectin by rocket immunoelectrophoresis
Authors: O’Neill Sharron L. , Feldman Bernard F. , Boothby John T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Plasma fibronectin concentrations of 148 normal canine samples were measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Electrophoresis was accomplished, using 2.0% rabbit anticanine fibronectin by volume in 0.7% agarose in buffer. Films were electrophoresed 18 hours in barbital buffer, 7.5 mA/film. The mean fibronectin concentration for normal citrated dog plasma was 290 μg/ml ± 50 μg/ml.
Ultrastructure of cellular changes in the replication of the alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 of malignant catarrhal fever
Authors: Castro A. E. , Heuschele W. P , Schramke M. L. , Dotson J. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cell cultures inoculated with 5 different viral isolates from 4 species of ruminants with clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever (from the San Diego Wild Animal Park) were examined by electron microscopy. Each had the morphology of a herpesvirus (118 to 220 nm) and was icosahedral, and the nucleocapsid matured in the nucleus of the infected cell. Envelopment of budding occurred with each viral isolate at the nuclear and the plasma membranes. The virions egressed from the cell by budding from the plasma membrane or through channels of the Golgi apparatus or the endoplasmic reticulum. A proposed scheme for the morphogenesis of the herpesvirus of malignant catarrhal fever is presented.