bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of keloids and hypertrofic scars with an argon laser
Authors: Hulsbergen Henning J. P. , Roskam Y. , Van Gemert M.J.C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA report is given on the treatment of keloids and hypertrofic scars using an argon laser. Of the 45 patients who participated, only three patients had a diminishing of over 50%, and 40 patients were classified as obtaining slight improvement, which means a diminishing of between 20 and 50% of the original keloid. Twenty‐seven patients showed no change after treatment with the argon laser and one patient had a poorer result, due to a complication after the last treatment. Directly after treatment, most keloids showed an obvious shrinkage. After several days, however, the keloids became the same size as before treatment. Decrease of tension of the skin after treatment seems to influence the result favorably. We find the best response to treatment with an argon laser in long narrow keloids (hypertrofic scars). In general, the results are disappointing, especially because until now the literature claims good results on this subject.
Is there an optimal laser treatment for port wine stains?
Authors: Van Gemert Martin J. C. , Welch A.J. , Amin Alpesh P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOptimization of laser treatment of port wine stains (PWS) is discussed from the standpoint of heat production. Laser wavelength, irradiation time, heat conduction, and external epidermal cooling are the variables considered in conjunction with absorbing and scattering behavior of a PWS‐model consisting of epidermis, dermis, and ectatic blood vessel. Ideal treatment is defined as minimal heating of the epidermis and upper dermis, but with irreversible damage to the capillary wall. The analysis shows that irradiation times of 1–10 ms in conjunction with external epidermal cooling may give optimal results. The wavelength of choice is 577 nm, followed by 540, 415, 560, and 500 nm (argon laser). The ruby and Nd‐YAG lasers are predicted to damage the epidermis and dermis at all times when the capillary is coagulated. Concurrent cooling to prevent epidermal‐dermal damage is also recommended here. The CO2 laser is predicted to be the worst laser and, according to our analysis, should not be used to treat PWS. Both upper dermal and capillary destruction can only result from heat conduction from the damaged epidermis and external cooling cannot be applied here.
Laser revascularization, 1985: State of the art
Authors: Choy Daniel S. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractProgress in the young field of laser recanalization of occluded arteries and applications in cardiovascular disease to which many investigators have contributed is briefly summarized. Specific problems remaining to be solved are set forth. In conclusion, the author makes a cautious prediction of success for the percutaneous laser catheter within the next 5 years.
Reduction of local tumor recurrence by excision with the CO2 laser
Authors: Lanzafame Raymond J. , Rogers David W. , Nairn John O. , Defranco Cecilia A. , Ochej Helen , Raymond Hinshaw J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study was undertaken to determine the effect of CO2 laser surgery on the incidence of local recurrence following tumor resection. Thirty female Fisher 344 rats were implanted with R3230AC mammary carcinoma. All tumors were completely excised 18–21 days post‐implantation.In 15 animals, the resection was done with a scalpel. Fifteen animals underwent laser excision with the Sharplan 733 CO2 laser (TEMoo, 125mm handpiece, 25W continuous wave).Primary tumor size was 17.6 ± 1.4mm in the scalpel group and 21.2 ± 6.3mm in the laser group. Tumor recurred in 14/15 (93.4%) of the scalpel group and 5/ 15 (33.3%) of the laser group (p<0.001). The site of recurrence was incisional in 13/15 (86.7%) of the scalpel group and 3/15 (20%) of the laser group (p<0.001). Axillary metastases occurred in 2/15 (13.3%) in each group. The disease‐free interval was 26 days in the laser group and 12 days in the scalpel group. The CO2 laser is an effective surgical adjunct to reduce local tumor seeding and recurrence.
Pulsed laser damage thresholds and laser treatment energy parameters, in vivo, of human aphakic intraocular membranes
Authors: Davi S. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEnergy and power density damage thresholds were determined for the perforation of human aphakic pupillary membranes and intraocular lens implants, in vivo, at the focal point of Neodymium‐YAG ophthalmic laser systems, at 1,064 nm, which produced (1) Q‐switched nanosecond pulses (TEMoo, pulse duration; 20 ns) and (2) mode‐locked pulse trains (TEMoo, 9–11 pulses, pulse duration; 30 ps, entire pulse train delivered in 50–70 ns). Pulse energies bracketing the damage thresholds and focal diameter were tabulated. The energy density and power density thresholds for perforation of the pupillary membranes (hereafter referred to as perforation threshold) (1) were slightly lower and power density damage thresholds higher for shorter duration pulses, eg—66 J/cm2 (2,200 GW/cm2) with the picosecond pulse trains vs 80 J/cm2 (2.7 GW/cm2) with the nanosecond pulses and (2) were similar in pseudophakics and aphakics; 78 J/cm2 for pseudophakics vs 83 J/cm2 aphakics, both treated with single nanosecond Nd‐YAG pulses, and 68 J/cm2 for pseudophakic vs 66 J/cm2 for aphakic patients treated with picosecond Nd‐YAG laser pulse trains. The number of laser pulses and pulse energies required for successful discission of the pupillary membranes depended not only on the pulse parameters but also on the characteristics of the membrane, such as thickness, nonuniformity, capsular haze, or capsular haze combined with fibrosis.
Neodymium (Nd): YAG laser surgery in the equine larynx: A pilot study
Authors: Tate Lloyd P. , Newman H.C. , Cullen J.M. , Sweeney C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLaryngeal surgery in the equine is customarily and routinely performed by means of a ventral laryngotomy incision. Such procedures are usually performed under deep general anesthesia with the horse in dorsal recumbency. The objective of this work was to determine the efficacy of an endoscopic approach coupled to a Nd:YAG laser fiber in performing arytenoidectomy. Arytenoidectomy is commonly indicated in the treatment of arytenoid chondritis and in the failure of prosthetic implantation for left laryngeal hemiplegia. This preliminary study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of the endoscopic laser approach to ablate the most difficult of the structures of the larynx, considering tissue structure and density. This procedure was accomplished by using heavy sedation and local anesthesia and was performed in the standing position. This approach appears to be feasible and makes other adjacent structures accessible via the endoscope coupled to a surgical laser. Indications for future pilot applications of laser surgery in the equine larynx are entrapment of the epiglottis, dorsal soft palate displacement, and the ablation of laryngeal cysts and polyps. This pilot study appears to offer a new modality for discrete surgical ablation of this structure, with minimal postoperative complications and a reduced or equivalent convalescent period in this valuable species of animal.
Practical models for light distribution in laser‐irradiated tissue
Authors: Welch A. J. , Yoon G. , Van Gemert M. J. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe distribution of light in laser‐irradiated biological medium is computed using four different procedures. Values computed with Beer's law of attenuation, Kubelka‐Munk theory, the diffusion approximation, and a seven‐flux model are compared. the proper conditions for using each model are discussed.
Comparative investigations of the effects of the neodymium: YAG laser at 1.06 microns and 1.32 microns on tissue
Authors: Frank F. , Hessel S. , Beck O. J. , Keiditsch E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe beneficial deep homogeneous coagulation of neodymium (Nd):YAG laser radiation at 1.06 m̈m owing to low absorption and high scattering in tissue has been documented widely. For another Nd:YAG laser wavelength at 1.32 m̈m the absorption coefficient of water and saline is approximately ten times higher than at 1.06 m̈m. This results in more efficient energy conversion into heat in tissue at 1.32 m̈m. The extinction coefficient in blood at 1.32 m̈m is only one‐third of that at 1.06 m̈m. We would expect this to result in less heat dissipation by blood and deeper penetration in tissue at 1.32 m̈m. Nevertheless, at this wavelength scattering also contributes to an effective, uniform distribution of the laser light in the tissue. Animal experiments have been done to examine the effect of wavelength, irradiation time, and beam geometry on tissue damage and to assess its possible clinical uses. The results imply that the 1.32 m̈m wavelength will produce further indications for the use of the Nd: YAG laser in surgery.
Dot or pointillistic method for improvement in results of hypertrophic scarring in the argon laser treatment of portwine hemangiomas
Authors: Apfelberg David B. , Smith Teruko , Maser Morton R. , Lash Harvey , White David N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn an attempt to limit scarring, 51 patients have been treated over a period of 2 years with the argon laser in a dot or pointillistic fashion. One‐ to 2‐mm dots are blanched at intervals of 1–2 mm with minimal power, and the interspaces are filled in at 12 weeks. Scar‐prone areas of the face such as the upper lip, nasolabial fold, nose, and lower lip have been successfully treated with minimal scarring and good fading. Lesions of the trunk and extremity have also been successfully treated.
Dose measurements in photodynamic therapy of cancer
Authors: Profio PhD A. Edward , Doiron Daniel R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA theory and method for prediction and measurement of the effective absorbed dose in photodynamic therapy of cancer is presented. The method depends on measuring the concentration of the photosensitizer (such as dihematorporphyrin ether), the flux density of the light, and the relative photodynamic effectiveness. Previous, less exact methods relied on specifying the drug dosage and delay after injection and or the irradiance at the surface or power from an interstitial fiber. The new formulation should permit closer control of the effective absorbed dose and better clinical results with photodynamic therapy.
Laser irradiation and balloon dilatation in experimental transluminal angioplasty
Authors: Vassanelli Corrado , Menegatti Giuliana , Silverstein Betty , Zardini Piero , Cubeddu Rinaldo , Russo Vera , Svelto Orazio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPercutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA) is being currently used in patients with coronary artery disease. Laser irradiation (LI) had been effective in vaporizing atherosclerotic plaques. The purpose of this work was twofold: (1) to compare PTA and LI techniques in the recanalization of experimental obstructive arterial lesions, and (2) to evaluate the possibility of reducing the failures and local complications and increasing the success rate of PTA by the combined use of LI. Atherosclerotic iliac stenoses were induced in 27 rabbits; lesions were evaluated angiographically before and after intervention and were studied histologically and by electron microscopy. Argon‐ion LI delivered through microlens‐tip optic fibers reduced the stenotic area from 64.2 ± 21.8% to 40.3 ± 10.7% (n = 10, P < .01) and PTA from 60.7 ± 15.9% to 30.4 ± 7.7% (n = 9, P < .01). However, percentage reduction was higher in PTA‐treated stenoses (48.4 ± 10.1% vs 34.5 ± 13.5%, P < .0125). In eight more rabbits, low power LI (4.55 ± 1.25 J) was delivered after PTA in dilated segments. Post‐PTA LI further decreased stenoses (from 31.2 ± 7.8% to 29.1 ± 8.1%, P < .0125); laser‐irradiated segments showed diffuse carbonization of the disrupted intimal layer. The normalized transtenotic pressure gradient decreased significantly in all groups: LI reduced the gradient from .40 ± .25 to .17 ± .07 (P = .005); PTA from .37 ± .14 to .11 ± .04 (P = .001); LI after PTA from .40 ± .16 to .12 ± .06 (P = .001). Thus, LI is effective (less than PTA) in relieving experimental atherosclerotic stenoses and seems useful when combined with PTA.
Laser treatment of obstructive endobronchial tumors: Factors which determine response
Authors: Lam Stephen , Muller Nestor L. , Miller Roberta R. , Kostashuk Edmund C. , Laukkanen Ethan , Evans Kenneth , Szasz Ivan J. , Leriche Jean C. , Champion Paul 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo investigate whether computerized tomography (CT) and radionuclide quantitative ventilation‐perfusion lung scan add any useful information to a carefully performed endoscopic examination in determining the response of patients with obstructive endobronchial tumors to laser treatment, the findings in 40 patients treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) or the Nd:YAG laser were analysed. Endoscopic laser treatment was found to be most effective when the tumor was polypoid in appearance bronchoscopically, with little or no submucosal invasion or peribronchial extension seen on CT. When bronchoscopy and CT showed increasing submucosal and/or peribronchial disease, the immediate and long‐term response to treatment was poorer. CT provided valuable information regarding the extent of the peribronchial involvement and airway distortion which were often underestimated by bronchoscopy alone. Reduction of regional perfusion out of proportion to ventilation on scintigraphy in the involved lung zone was found to be associated with extensive peribronchial involvement. We conclude that the addition of CT and radionuclide quantitative ventilation‐perfusion lung scan to bronchoscopic examination is useful in predicting the response of patients with obstructive endobronchial tumors to laser treatment. Whether PDT or YAG laser is more effective in relieving endobronchial obstruction by tumor awaits a randomized controlled trial.
Effects of low‐energy He‐Ne laser irradiation on posttraumatic degeneration of adult rabbit optic nerve
Authors: Schwartz Michal , Doron Avi , Erlich Muni , Lavie Vered , Benbasat Sjana , Belkin Michael , Rochkind Simon 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAxons of the mammalian peripheral and central nervous systems degenerate after nerve injury. We have recently found that He‐Ne laser irradiation may prevent some of the consequences of the injury in peripheral nerves of mammals. In the present study, the efficacy of the laser in treating injured neurons of the mammalian CNS was tested. Optic nerves of adult rabbits were exposed daily for 8‐14 days to He‐Ne laser irradiation (14 min, 15W) through the overlying muscles and skin. As a result of this treatment, the injured nerves maintained their histological integrity, which is invariably lost in injured mammalian CNS neurons.
Nd:YAG laser ablation of early pelvic endometriosis: A report of 61 cases
Authors: Lomano Jack M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSixty‐one patients with mild or moderate endometriosis were treated with the Nd:YAG laser between May 1983 and March 1986. During the follow‐up period, 31 patients received no supplemental medical treatment. Ten patients were given danazol, five for recurrence of pain and five because of the extent of the disease. Sixteen patients were given oral contraceptives, 12 for birth control and four for pain. Four patients received danazol plus oral contraceptives as concurrent therapy. Overall, symptoms improved following surgery for 45 patients (74%); two patients (3%) reported a worsening of symptoms, while 12 patients (20%) reported no change in their symptoms. The overall improvement rate was 65% for those receiving no hormonal treatment, 70% for those on danazol, 94% for those on oral contraceptives, and 75% for those on both contraceptives and danazol. This latter finding, however, is not significant because of the small patient sampling. Nevertheless, these findings reflect the benefit of laser ablation of early‐stage pelvic endometriosis with or without the concurrent use of conservative medical therapy.
The influence of hands‐on laser training on usage of the CO2 laser
Authors: Lanzafame Raymond J. , Herrera H. Raul , Jobes H. Marie , Naim John O. , Pennino Ralph P. , Porter Noreen , Pizzutiello Robert J. , Rogers David W. , Hinshaw J. Raymond 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA questionnaire was distributed to all participants in the Rochester General Hospital CO2 laser training workshops for surgeons (1982 to January 1985). The results of this study indicate that, while laser training is necessary prior to being able to use the laser, only a small fraction of trainees actually use the laser in their clinical practice. Surgeons who are using the laser do so in a minority of their cases. New incentives for laser usage must be investigated.
A model for thermal ablation of biological tissue using laser radiation
Authors: Partovi F. , Izatt J. A. , Cothren R. M. , Kittrell C. , Thomas J. E. , Strikwerda S. , Kramer J. R. , Feld M. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe present a theory of thermal laser ablation based on the heat equation and on an energy balance equation derived from it. Ablation is assumed to be brought about by the heating and evaporation of tissue water. The model is three‐dimensional, and scattering and the water‐steam phase transition are explicitly taken into account. The model predicts threshold parameters and a steady‐state ablation velocity in terms of the optical and thermal properties of the tissue and the laser beam intensity and spot diameter.
Preliminary report on use of the neodymium‐YAG laser in plastic surgery
Authors: Apfelberg David B. , Smith Teruko , Lash Harvey , White David N. , Maser Morton R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThirty‐four patients with 57 cutaneous lesions have been treated with the Nd:YAG laser under an experimental protocol over a year of study. The majority of treatments were done on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia. Capillary/cavernous hemangiomas of the oral cavity responded well, but hemangiomas of infancy responded poorly. Hypertrophic scars and keloids responded well only in conjunction with steroid treatment. Epistaxis in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia responded well for 4–5 months and then recurred. Areas with thin skin or mucosa have the potential for full‐thickness injury with complications of scar, bony exposure, or septal perforation.
Residual cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after laser ablation
Authors: MacLean A. B. , Murray E. Leslie , Sharp F. , More I. A. R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSome patients with histologically proven residual cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after laser ablation have false negative cytology. The explanation for this is not known, but there was not evidence of buried lesions. Follow‐up of all patients treated by selective ablation is necessary. Cytology alone is inadequate and careful, accurate pre‐ and posttherapy colposcopy is essential.
Dosimetry study of Nd:YAG laser damage to canine renal cortex
Authors: Benderev Theodore V. , Chmiel Joan S. , Carone Frank A. , Schaeffer Anthony J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA dosimetry study of factors affecting the extent of tissue damage inflicted upon the canine renal cortex by the Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser was undertaken. Laser parameters and renal tissue conditions were varied independently in duplicate in the following manner: (1) power ‐ 5, 10, 20, 50, 75, 100 watts with a spot size of 1.2 mm; (2) exposure duration ‐ 1, 2, and 4 seconds; (3) kidney perfusion and temperature ‐ renal artery unclamped (perfused) without cooling; renal artery clamped (non‐perfused) without cooling; and renal artery clamped with cooling. Five days following application of the laser, the animals were sacrificed and serial sections of the renal cortex were examined for maximum depth and width of tissue damage and ablation. Multiple linear regression analysis of the data indicated a direct linear relationship between the joules (watts x seconds) of energy delivered to the renal cortex and the depth and width of tissue damage and ablation (p<0.001 for joule regression coefficient for each variable). Seconds and/or watts alone were not major predictors of the outcome after accounting for joules. Clamping the main renal artery significantly reduced the depth and width of laser damage when compared to the perfused kidney (p<0.001 for each variable). The depth of damage was similar in the cooled and the non‐cooled non‐perfused kidney.These data suggest that increased laser energy and kidney perfusion significantly increase renal cortical laser induced damage. Adjustment of these parameters may permit controlled tumor ablation or tissue incision with minimal damage to adjacent normal tissue.
Recanalization of occluded biliary endoprostheses with pulsed laser radiation
Authors: Nishioka Norman S. , Kelsey Peter B. , Kibbi Abdul‐Ghani , Mihm Martin C. , Anderson R. Rox 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe use of pulsed laser radiation to recanalize occluded biliary endoprostheses was examined. In vitro measurements demonstrated that a repetitively pulsed organic dye laser transmitted through a small diameter quartz fiber can recanalize an occluded stent in less than 10 sec without causing visible damage to the stent. The laser parameters required for recanalization do not result in significant damage to the common bile duct of a pig even when the laser energy is delivered directly into the tissue, indicating that biliary endoprostheses can be cleared with a large margin of safety. Although the duration of this effect is unknown, pulsed laser radiation is a simple, safe, and effective means of recanalizing occluded biliary endoprostheses and may be an alternative to stent replacement.
Koilocytotic, virus‐induced pre‐neoplasia in women: A multifocal disease effectively treated with CO2‐laser surgery
Authors: Rubinstein Eli 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA superficial koilocytotic lesion progressing to dysplasia and later into an aggressive invasive cervical cancer has been demonstrated. It is thought that these lesions create an area of susceptibility to neoplasia in the cervix, vagina, and in the vulva, and are defined as preneoplastic lesions.A total of 57 young women have been examined cytologically and colposcopically at least 3, 6, and 12 months following CO2‐laser surgery. In 12 women (21%) the lesions were multifocal with the same histological pattern in the cervix and in the vagina and/or in the vulva. CO2‐laser effectively eradicates the koilocytotic lesions in the cervix and in the vagina; in the vulva, however, relapses are common after an initial good effect.The diagnostic accuracy of cervicovaginal cytology was low: exfoliated koilocytotic cells were found in only 26.3% out of 57 cases with histologically proven koilocytotic lesion, even when the cytological smears were reexamined.
Response of peripheral nerve to He‐Ne laser: Experimental studies
Authors: Rochkind S. , Nissan M. , Barr‐Nea L. , Razon N. , Schwartz M. , Bartal A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLow‐energy He‐Ne laser irradiation (LELI) was found to affect the electric activity and morphology in both intact and severely injured peripheral nerves in rats. Action potential (AP) in the healthy nerve increased by 33% following a single transcutaneous irradiation. Similar irradiation in crushed nerves caused AP to increase significantly over the AP of nonirradiated crushed nerve. Morphological observations revealed that a laser‐irradiated injured nerve had diminished scar tissue as compared to an injured but not an irradiated nerve.