bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herd-level risk factors for infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in US dairies and association between familiarity of the herd manager with the disease or prior diagnosis of the disease in that herd and use of preventive measures
Authors: Wells Scott J. , Wagner Bruce A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate associations among herd infection status, herd management practices, and familiarity of the herd manager withMycobacterium paratuberculosis(Johne's disease) or prior disease diagnosis in that herd to support development of Johne's disease-control programs.Design—Population-based cross-sectional study.Sample Population—1,004 US dairies, each with ≥ 30 cows, representing 79.4% of US dairy cows.Procedure—Questionnaires were administered to dairy managers, and blood samples were collected from cows during herd visits. Sera were tested for antibodies toM paratuberculosis, using a commercially available ELISA. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between use of management practices, herd disease status, and familiarity of the manager with Johne's disease or prior diagnosis of Johne's disease in that herd.Results—Results from serologic testing revealed that 3.4% of cows and 21.6% of dairy herds were infected withM paratuberculosis. Factors associated with infection included number of cows in herd, region of country, percentage of cows born at other dairies, group housing for periparturient cows, and group housing for preweaned calves. Few preventive practices were positively associated with prior diagnosis of Johne's disease (time of separation of newborn calf from dam) or familiarity of the manager with the disease (teats and udder washed before colostrum collected).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Risk factors associated with Johne's disease in this study confirmed those management practices generally recommended for disease control. An educational problem, however, is the finding that herd managers familiar with Johne's disease generally use management practices similar to those used by managers unfamiliar with the disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:1450–1457)
Electrocardiographic assessment of antianxiety medication in dogs and correlation with serum drug concentration
Authors: Reich Marsha R. , Ohad Dan G. , Overall Karen L. , Dunham Arthur E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine effects of tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) on the ECG of dogs treated for behavioral conditions and to examine correlations between ECG findings and serum concentrations of these medications.Design—Repeated-measures study.Animals—39 client-owned dogs with behavioral problems.Procedure—Two groups of dogs with behavioral problems were evaluated. In group 1 (n = 20), ECG tracings were recorded before starting treatment with TCA and again after treatment for ≥ 1 month. Dogs in group 2 were already on long-term maintenance amounts of antianxiety medication when ECG tracings were recorded and serum concentrations of medications were obtained.Results—Significant differences were not detected for dogs in group 1 between ECG values measured before and after TCA administration. The ECG values for dogs in group 2 did not differ significantly from the mean of group-1 dogs before receiving medication or from the reference range used at our facility. Duration of the P wave had a significant positive correlation with serum concentrations of clomipramine but significant negative correlation with serum concentrations of amitriptyline. The QT interval corrected for heart rate had a significant negative correlation with serum concentrations of amitriptyline.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Amitriptyline and clomipramine administered at standard dosages apparently do not cause ECG abnormalities in healthy dogs with behavioral problems. These medications should be used cautiously in dogs with conduction abnormalities, and clinicians should periodically monitor ECG and use good clinical judgment to weigh risks and benefits of medications for the safety of each dog. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216: 1571–1575)
Prevalence of pituitary tumors among diabetic cats with insulin resistance
Authors: Elliott Denise A. , Feldman Edward C. , Koblik Philip D. , Samii Valerie F. , Nelson Richard W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine prevalence of pituitary tumors, detectable by means of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, in cats with insulin resistance suspected to have acromegaly or hyperadrenocorticism versus cats with well-controlled diabetes mellitus.Design—Case series.Animals—16 cats with insulin resistance that were also suspected to have acromegaly (n = 12) or pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (4) and 8 cats with well-controlled diabetes mellitus.Procedure—Computed tomography was performed on all 16 cats with insulin resistance and 2 cats in which diabetes mellitus was well-controlled. The remaining 6 cats in which diabetes mellitus was wellcontrolled underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Images were obtained before and immediately after IV administration of contrast medium.Results—Computed tomography revealed a mass in the region of the pituitary gland in all 16 cats with insulin resistance. Maximum width of the masses ranged from 4.4 to 12.7 mm; maximum height ranged from 3.1 to 12.6 mm. Results of computed tomography performed on 2 cats with well-controlled diabetes and magnetic resonance imaging performed on the remaining 6 cats were considered normal.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that cats with insulin resistance suspected to have acromegaly or pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism are likely to have a pituitary mass detectable by means of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216: 1765–1768)
Sedative and physiologic effects of orally administered α2-adrenoceptor agonists and ketamine in cats
Authors: Grove Daniel M. , Ramsay Edward C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare efficacy of 3 regimens of orally administered sedatives and determine physiologic effects of 1 of these regimens in healthy cats.Design—Prospective randomized study.Animals—34 cats.Procedure—Cats were assigned to 1 of 3 groups that were treated by oral administration of detomidine and ketamine, xylazine and ketamine, or medetomidine and ketamine. Cats were monitored for degree of sedation at 5-minute intervals for 60 minutes. Physiologic effects in cats treated with detomidine and ketamine were measured at 5-minute intervals for 30 minutes and compared with effects in cats treated IM with detomidine and ketamine or xylazine and ketamine.Results—All cats treated orally with detomidine and ketamine became laterally recumbent; sedation was more variable in the other 2 groups treated orally. Vomiting and excessive salivation were the only adverse effects. Bradycardia (heart rate < 145 beats/min) was detected at each evaluation time in cats treated orally with detomidine and ketamine and in all cats treated IM. Minimal differences among groups were detected for heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, and hemoglobin oxygen saturation.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Oral administration of detomidine and ketamine is an effective method of sedating healthy cats and induces minimal physiologic effects that are similar to those resulting from IM administration of sedatives. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:1929–1932)
5-Hydroxytryptophan toxicosis in dogs: 21 cases (1989–1999)
Authors: Gwaltney-Brant Sharon M. , Albretsen Jay C. , Khan Safdar A. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine epidemiologic characteristics,
clinical findings, and treatment outcome of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) toxicosis in dogs.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—21 dogs with evidence of accidental 5-HTP
ingestion.

Procedure—Information was retrieved from the
National Animal Poison Control Center database.
Records of dogs ingesting 5-HTP between January
1989 and February 1999 were reviewed for information
on signalment, dose ingested, clinical signs
(onset, severity, duration), treatments administered,
and outcome.

Results—Clinical signs of toxicosis developed in 19 of
21 (90%) dogs. Neurologic signs included seizures (9
dogs), depression (6), tremors (5), hyperesthesia (5),
and ataxia (4). Gastrointestinal tract signs included
vomiting or diarrhea (12 dogs), signs of abdominal
pain (3), and hypersalivation (2). Other clinical signs
were hyperthermia (7 dogs) and transient blindness
(3). Three dogs died. No important clinical laboratory
or necropsy findings were reported. The doses of 5-HTP ingested ranged from 2.5 to 573 mg/kg (1.1 to
260 mg/lb) of body weight; the minimum toxic dose
reported in our study was 23.6 mg/kg (10.7 mg/lb),
and the minimum lethal dose was 128 mg/kg (58.1
mg/lb). Onset of signs ranged from 10 minutes to 4
hours after ingestion, and signs lasted up to 36 hours.
Of 17 dogs with clinical signs of toxicosis that
received treatment, 16 recovered; treatment consisted
of decontamination, seizure control, thermoregulation,
fluid therapy, and supportive care.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ingestion of
5-HTP in dogs can result in a potentially life-threatening
syndrome resembling serotonin syndrome in
humans, which requires prompt and aggressive care.
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000;216:1937–1940)
Influence of the Milk and Dairy Beef Quality Assurance Program on dairy farm drug management practices
Authors: Gibbons-Burgener Suzanne N. , Kaneene John B. , Lloyd James W. , Erskine Ronald J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To test the hypothesis that dairy farms certified in the Milk and Dairy Beef Quality Assurance Program (QAP) were more likely to use prudent drug management practices than farms that were not certified.Design—Cross-sectional study.Sample Population—141 Michigan dairy farms of which 74 were not certified in the QAP, 30 were involuntarily certified, and 37 were voluntarily certified.Procedure—Dairy producers completed a self-administered questionnaire that focused on herd health management, drug use, record keeping, personnel management, and descriptive characteristics of their farm during 1993. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were developed to determine the association of QAP certification with each of the management practices.Results—Results suggested that farms adopted specific management practices irrespective of certification. Many farms used visible identification and nonemergency veterinary services and discussed residue prevention with employees. Involuntary certification was associated with maintenance of good written treatment records and performance of on-farm drug residue testing. Voluntary certification was weakly associated with use of refrigerated drug storage.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—QAP certification appeared to have been associated with the adoption of only a few prudent drug use practices, although QAP materials and framework were developed to assist veterinarians in the promotion of disease prevention, client communication, and residue prevention practices on farms. Veterinary care would benefit from the development and encouragement of better record keeping on farms. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:1960–1964)
Evaluation of five portable blood glucose meters for use in dogs
Authors: Wess Gerhard , Reusch Claudia 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate clinical and analytical accuracy
of 5 portable blood glucose meters (PBGM) used
to measure blood glucose concentrations in dogs and
to determine potential sources of error.

Design—Prospective study.

Animals—221 dogs.

Procedure—Venous blood samples were obtained,
and results of the 5 PBGM were compared with
results of a hexokinase reference method. Agreement
among methods was determined by use of
error grid analysis and statistical methods.

Results—Accuracy of the PBGM varied with glucose
concentration of the sample. The largest differences
between results of the PBGM and results of the reference
method were obtained with samples with
high glucose concentrations; 4 PBGM tended to
underestimate and 1 PBGM tended to overestimate
the true glucose concentration. Absolute differences
between results of the PBGM and results of the reference
method were small for samples with low glucose
concentrations and samples with concentrations
in the reference range. None of the PBGM yielded
measurements that would result in clinically unacceptable
errors. Within-run and between-day precision
was good for all PBGM, and results were not
affected by use of EDTA or heparin to anticoagulate
blood. Readings of the PBGM were significantly higher
for blood samples with low Hct than for samples
with normal Hct. For 3 PBGM, samples < 3 μl resulted
in inaccurate measurements.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that currently available PBGM are sufficiently
accurate for use in clinical practice to determine blood
glucose concentrations in dogs. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc
2000;216:203–209)
Bacteria associated with pyothorax of dogs and cats: 98 cases (1989–1998)
Authors: Walker Amy L. , Jang Spencer S. , Hirsh Dwight C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the organisms most commonly isolated from pleural fluid from dogs and cats with pyothorax.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—51 dogs and 47 cats.Procedure—Results of bacteriologic culture of pleural fluid samples obtained by means of thoracentesis were obtained from medical records. To obtain information on in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms commonly isolated from dogs and cats, records of all dogs and cats examined during 1998 were reviewed, and information was obtained on identity and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of aerobic organisms isolated from samples other than urine or urinary tract samples.Results—Median ages of dogs and cats were 4 years. Bacteria were isolated from pleural fluid samples from 47 of 51 (92%) dogs and 45 of 47 (96%) cats. Obligate anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 28 dogs and 40 cats. A mixture of obligate anaerobic and facultative bacteria was isolated from 17 dogs and 20 cats. Samples from cats most often yielded a member of the nonenteric group (most commonly members of the genusPasteurella), whereas those from dogs more often yielded a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae (most commonlyE coli).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that antimicrobial agents chosen for the initial treatment of dogs and cats with pyothorax should be active against a mixture of obligate anaerobic and facultative bacteria. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216: 359–363)
Cytogenetic survey of Holstein bulls at a commercial artificial insemination company to determine prevalence of bulls with centric fusion and chimeric anomalies
Authors: Seguin Brad E. , Zhang Ting Q. , Buoen Lance C. , Weber Alvin F. , Ruth George R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine prevalence of Holstein bulls with chromosomal anomalies, particularly the 1/21 centric fusion (CF), at a commercial artificial insemination (AI) company in the United States.Design—Cross-sectional cytogenetic prevalence study.Animals—All 606 Holstein bulls at a commercial AI company were cytogenetically screened to detect CF, chimerism, and other chromosomal abnormalities.Procedure—Lymphocytes from heparinized blood samples were cultured by standard cytogenetic techniques, and chromosome spreads were prepared for microscopic examination. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected by examining 10 chromosome spreads per bull. Pedigree analysis was performed.Results—None of the bulls had any type of CF. However, 6 bulls were identified as chimeras (ie, contained lymphocytes with male [XY] and female [XX] chromosomes). One bull was sire or maternal grandsire to 85 of the bulls tested, and 739 of 1,212 (61%) sire and maternal-grandsire possibilities were accounted for by just 18 bulls.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of these results supports previous indications that CF is extremely rare in Holstein bloodlines available commercially via AI in the United States. However, chimeric bulls are more common, and they reportedly have decreased reproductive performance. Therefore, identification of chimeric sires in the AI facility reported here and the possibility of de novo onset of CF at any time indicates that early cytogenetic screening should be encouraged for prospective bulls intended for use in AI programs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:65–67)
Cerebellar degeneration in Old English Sheepdogs
Authors: Steinberg H. Steven , Winkle Thomas Van , Bell Jerold S. , Lahunta Alexander de 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate related and unrelated Old English Sheepdogs (OESD) by clinical examination, histologic evaluation, and pedigree analysis to determine whether cerebellar degeneration develops in this breed and whether there are genetic implications.Design—Case study and pedigree analysis.Animals—24 clinically normal or affected OESD; brain tissue specimens from 25 unaffected or affected OESD.Procedure—Twenty-four OESD that were chosen because of a family history of gait abnormalities were given physical and neurologic examinations to determine whether they had clinical signs of cerebellar degeneration. Tissue specimens from 25 brains of OESD were examined histologically. Nine OESD that were determined to have cerebellar degeneration histologically as well as 2 clinically affected littermates of the histologically confirmed affected OESD were included in the pedigree analysis. Standard statistical evaluation of pedigrees for hereditary conclusions was used.Results—Twelve of the 24 OESD evaluated by neurologic examination had a progressive gait abnormality. Clinical signs of cerebellar degeneration typically started later in life in OESD, compared with description for other dog breeds, and progressed ore slowly. Results of pedigree analysis revealed that 11 of 49 dogs were affected in 9 litters, providing an affected-to-total ratio of 22.49%.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of our study indicate that a slowly progressing late-onset form of cerebellar degeneration develops in OESD, and the mode of inheritance is by an autosomal recessive gene. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1162–1165)
Concurrent disorders in dogs with diabetes mellitus: 221 cases (1993–1998)
Authors: Hess Rebecka S. , Saunders H. Mark , Winkle Thomas J. Van , Ward Cynthia R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To characterize concurrent disorders in dogs with diabetes mellitus (DM).Design—Retrospective study.Animals—221 dogs with DM.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed, and clinical signs, physical examination findings, and results of clinicopathologic testing, urinalysis, aerobic bacterial culture of urine samples, coagulation testing, endocrine testing, histologic evaluation, diagnostic imaging, and necropsy were recorded.Results—For most dogs, CBC results were normal. Common serum biochemical abnormalities included hypochloremia (127 dogs, 60%) and high alanine aminotransferase (163, 78%), aspartate aminotransferase (78, 71%), and alkaline phosphatase (188, 90%) activities. Venous pH and serum ionized calcium concentration were measured in 121 and 87 dogs, respectively, and were low in 56 (46%) and 41 (47%) dogs. Lipemia was observed in 92 (42%) dogs. Urine samples from 159 (72%) dogs were submitted for aerobic bacterial culture, and 34 (21%) yielded bacterial growth.Escherichia coliwas the most commonly isolated organism. Thirty-six (16%) dogs had dermatitis or otitis. Hyperadrenocorticism was diagnosed in 51 (23%) dogs on the basis of clinical signs and results of a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (41 dogs), an adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test (5), both tests (4), or histologic evaluation of necropsy specimens (1). Acute pancreatitis was diagnosed in 28 (13%) dogs. Eleven (5%) dogs had tumors for which a histologic diagnosis was obtained. Eight (4%) dogs were hypothyroid.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that dogs with diabetes mellitus may have many concurrent disorders. The most commonly identified concurrent disorders included hyperadrenocorticism, urinary tract infection, dermatitis, otitis, acute pancreatitis, neoplasia, and hypothyroidism. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1166–1173)
Long-term outcome of gonadectomy performed at an early age or traditional age in cats
Authors: Howe Lisa M. , Slater Margaret R. , Boothe Harry W. , Hobson H. Phil , Fossum Theresa W. , Spann Angela C. , Wilkie W. Scott 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine long-term results and complications of gonadectomy performed at an early age (prepubertal) or at the traditional age in cats.Design—Cohort study.Animals—263 cats from animal shelters.Procedure—Cats that underwent gonadectomy were allotted to 2 groups on the basis of estimated age at surgery (traditional age, ≥ 24 weeks old; prepubertal, < 24 weeks old). Adoptive owner information was obtained from shelter records, and telephone interviews were conducted with owners to determine physical or behavioral problems observed in the cats after adoption. Follow-up information was obtained from attending veterinarians for cats with complex problems or when owners were uncertain regarding the exact nature of their cat's problem.Results—Compared with traditional-age gonadectomy, prepubertal gonadectomy did not result in an increased incidence of infectious disease, behavioral problems, or problems associated with any body system during a median follow-up period of 37 months. Additionally, the rate of retention in the original adoptive household was the same for cats that underwent prepubertal gonadectomy as those that underwent traditional-age gonadectomy.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Prepubertal gonadectomy may be performed safely in cats without concern for increased incidence of physical or behavioral problems for at least a 3-year period after gonadectomy. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217: 1661–1665)
Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection among shelter cats
Authors: Hermesmeyer Michael , Limberg-Child Robyn K. , Murphy Alice J. , Mansfield Linda S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine prevalence ofDirofilaria immitisinfection among shelter cats.Design—Cross-sectional study.Animals—239 cats euthanatized at an animal shelter in southeastern Michigan.Procedure—A gross necropsy focusing on the thoracic cavity, heart, lungs, and pulmonary vessels was performed within 5 hours after cats were euthanatized. Blood was collected directly from the heart of cats found to be infected and tested, using a filter test for microfilariae. Serum was tested forD immitisantigens by use of 2 antigen detection kits and forD immitis-specific antibodies by use of 2 antibody detection kits.Results—Cats ranged from approximately 4 months to 15 years old. AdultD immitiswere found in 6 (2.5%) cats. Blood could not be recovered from 1 of the cats with heartworm infection. For the 5 other cats, results of the filter test were negative, and results of both antigen and both antibody tests were positive.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that cats living in an urban area in the northern part of the United States have a low prevalence of adultD immitisinfection. However, this is likely to be an underestimate of the true prevalence of infection, because no attempts were made to identify cats infected with larval or juvenile stages ofD immitis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:211–212)