bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phenomenological study on psychological resilience of aircraft rescue and fire fighting professionals
Authors: Eryılmaz İnan , Dirik Deniz , Öney Tugay 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe primary objective of this study is to investigate the specific aspects of psychological resilience among ARFF professionals. Utilizing a qualitative approach and collecting data from 11 ARFF professionals using semi-structured interviews, this study delves into an exploration of factors that contribute to psychological resilience among Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting (ARFF) personnel stationed at State Airports, a group operating under emergency circumstances within the aviation industry. The investigation reveals three overarching themes: micro-level personal factors, meso-level organizational factors, and macro-level environmental/societal factors. Key findings reveal that micro-level personal factors, including personality traits and individual coping mechanisms, significantly influence ARFF professionals’ psychological resilience. Encompassing leadership quality and team dynamics, meso-level organizational factors have emerged as crucial contributors to resilience. Finally, macro-level environmental/societal factors, such as social support networks and the broader emergency preparedness context, have been identified as integral elements shaping psychological resilience. This qualitative approach, designed to capture the nuanced experiences and perceptions of ARFF professionals through a multi-level exploration of psychological resilience, extends its implications to the realms of aviation and emergency response. Micro-level considerations illuminate the significance of human resources-related decisions, such as recruitment and training, in fortifying ARFF professionals’ resilience. Meso-level considerations provide evidence for the impactful role of leadership and effective safety measures in promoting resilience. Macro-level considerations underscore the importance of environmental design and spillover effects, such as family support, in shaping resilience. An understanding of the factors that contribute to psychological resilience may be directly transferable to the creation of support mechanisms and targeted interventions and may also be directly transferable to assist emergency response teams in the aviation sector.
Knowledge distillation based on projector integration and classifier sharing
Authors: Zuo Guanpeng , Zhang Chenlu , Zheng Zhe , Zhang Wu , Wang Ruiqing , Lu Jingqi , Jin Xiu , Jiang Zhaohui , Rao Yuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractKnowledge distillation can transfer the knowledge from the pre-trained teacher model to the student model, thus effectively accomplishing model compression. Previous studies have carefully crafted knowledge representation, targeting loss function design, and distillation location selection, but there have been few studies on the role of classifiers in distillation. Previous experiences have shown that the final classifier of the model has an essential role in making inferences, so this paper attempts to narrow the gap in performance between models by having the student model directly use the classifier of the teacher model for the final inference, which requires an additional projector to help match features of the student encoder with the teacher's classifier. However, a single projector cannot fully align the features, and integrating multiple projectors may result in better performance. Considering the balance between projector size and performance, through experiments, we obtain the size of projectors for different network combinations and propose a simple method for projector integration. In this way, the student model undergoes feature projection and then uses the classifiers of the teacher model for inference, obtaining a similar performance to the teacher model. Through extensive experiments on the CIFAR-100 and Tiny-ImageNet datasets, we show that our approach applies to various teacher–student frameworks simply and effectively.
A modified model for calculating crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) considering fracture process zone (FPZ) in rock
Authors: Qiao Yang , Zhang Zong-Xian , Zhou Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA new CTOD calculation method is investigated in this study, considering the FPZ and the effective Young’s modulus. The calculated CTOD values from four theoretical models are compared with the measured CTOD values from the three-point beam experiments, and the differences between them are analyzed. The measured CTOD consists of two parts: (1) the displacement generated by the elastic–plastic deformation in the crack tip region, and (2) the displacement generated by micro-damage in the FPZ. CTOD value caused by micro-damage in the FPZ accounts for 81–92% of the overall CTOD. Thus, the FPZ and the effective Young’s modulus are introduced to modify the models for calculating CTOD. The result indicates that the modified plastic zone model is better than the strip-yield model, the plastic zone model and the modified strip-yield model in calculating CTOD, and CTOD error is reduced from 81 to 90% between the plastic zone model and the experiment to 4–34% between the modified plastic zone model and the experiment, with nearly half of the specimens having an error of less than 10%.
Towards a democratic curriculum: the narrative paradigm to achieve a state of viscosity
Authors: Estrela Elsa , Lima Louise 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe article proposes that the goal of education should be to promote democracy in education, which can be achieved through a viscous curriculum based on narrative learning to enhance communication and inclusivity. The discussion considers different teaching and learning paradigms, including instruction, learning, and communication, to explore the conceptual relationship between curriculum, teaching, and learning. The viscosity of the curriculum ensures resistance to fluidity while allowing for some movement, also considering the dialogical relationship between its critical internal elements — knowledge, pedagogy, and assessment. It is not a prescriptive or liquid framework, but a collaborative and cooperative construction that emphasises the paradigm of communication (Trindade & Cosme, 2010) and the narrative learning approach (Goodson, 2013). These elements enable contextual adaptation and resistance to support a more democratic education. To design a curriculum that goes beyond a prescription, it is essential to recognize that learning involves cultural heritage, guided by school curricula, which must be shared, used, and recreated. Schools and educators must focus on knowledge acquisition and knowledge sharing as part of the common heritage of humanity, which is, therefore, based on the collective creation of new knowledge and new worlds (UNESCO, 2021). Such knowledge is communicated through the affirmation of the personal and social worlds of students. The challenge is to rethink the social mission of the school by collectively committing to culturally significant and humanly empowering learning. This can lead to the co-creation of a more just, humanitarian, and democratic society, especially in times of great uncertainty intensified by war.
The Tomb and treasury of Hülegü Khan
Authors: Moradi Amin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Il-Khan ruler Hülegü (1215–1265 CE) was a grandson of Genghis Khan (the founder of the Mongol Empire), a son of Tolui, and a brother of both Möngke Khan and Kublai Khan. He died on February 8, 1265, CE, at an estimated age of 48 years. Unlike our knowledge about the death and burial of Genghis Khan (d. 1227 CE), which is recorded in one of the oldest of the autochthonous chronicles, The Secret History of the Mongols, with no reference to time or place, the approximate location of Hülegü’s final resting place is referenced in several documents. Contemporary Persian resources unanimously suggest that the treasury and royal tomb of Hülegü Khan lie somewhere in Lake Urmia on Shahi Island (Jazīreh-ye-Shāhī), Northwest Iran. Rashīd al-Dīn posited that the Hülegü’s treasury is filled with pillow-size gold ingots and treasures gathered from across the Ilkhanid Empire. The exact location and discovery of this hidden treasure and the burial place of Hülegü remain one of the most persistent unsolved mysteries and none of the later archaeological studies challenged this attribution. This paper will discuss the idea that Shahi Island contains the fabled tomb of the legendary ruler of Ilkhanid Iran (1256–1335 CE) Hülegü, his sons Abaqa Khan (1234–1282 CE), as well as Mongol queens, high priests, and other elites. The findings of this research are important because they could launch a new era for Mongol studies and the archaeology of hidden treasures.
How to incorporate chronic health conditions in oncologic decision-making and care for older patients with cancer? A survey among healthcare professionals
Authors: Seghers P. A. L. , Rostoft Siri , O’Hanlon Shane , O’Donovan Anita , Schulkes Karlijn , Montroni Isacco , Portielje Johanneke E. A. , Wildiers Hans , Soubeyran Pierre , Hamaker Marije E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
A substantial proportion of patients with cancer are older and experience multimorbidity. As the population is ageing, the management of older patients with multimorbidity including cancer will represent a significant challenge to current clinical practice.

Methods
This study aimed to (1) identify which chronic health conditions may cause change in oncologic decision-making and care in older patients and (2) provide guidance on how to incorporate these in decision-making and care provision of older patients with cancer. Based on a scoping literature review, an initial list of prevalent morbidities was developed. A subsequent survey among healthcare providers involved in the care for older patients with cancer assessed which chronic health conditions were relevant and why.

Results
A list of 53 chronic health conditions was developed, of which 34 were considered likely or very likely to influence decision-making or care according to the 39 healthcare professionals who responded. These conditions were further categorized into five patient profiles. From these conditions, five patient profiles were developed, namely, (1) a somatic profile consisting of cardiovascular, metabolic, and pulmonary disease, (2) a functional profile, including conditions that cause disability, dependency or a high caregiver burden, (3) a psychosocial profile, including cognitive impairment, (4) a nutritional profile also including digestive system diseases, and finally, (5) a concurrent cancer profile. All profiles were considered likely to impact decision-making with differences between treatment modalities. The impact on the care trajectory was generally considered less significant, except for patients with care dependency and psychosocial health problems.

Conclusions
Chronic health conditions have various ways of influencing oncologic decision-making and the care trajectory in older adults with cancer. Understanding why specific chronic health conditions may impact the oncologic care trajectory can aid clinicians in the management of older patients with multimorbidity, including cancer.
Variations in redox properties of biochar and humic acid induced by interactive molecular exchange
Authors: Li Shasha , He Pinjing , Zhang Hua , Shao Liming , Lü Fan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiochar and humic substances are prevalent redox pools in the environment, which is critical to electron transfer in geochemical cycles and pollution control processes. The dissolution of biochar and the sorption of humic substances on biochar have the potential to redistribute redox substances, consequently altering the redox properties of solid and liquid phases. However, studies have often focused on either sorption or dissolution separately, overlooking the mutual effects and not involving redox properties. Herein, molecular interactions between biochar and humic acid (HA) and variations in their redox properties were elucidated using UPLC Orbitrap MS and mediated electrochemical measurement. The dissolution of biochar was far greater than the sorption of HA constituents, and HA enhanced the dissolution of biochar through molecular exchange. But preferential sorption of oxygenated aromatics to pine char (pi500) mainly by hydrogen bonding and higher saturated molecules to starch char (st700) mainly by hydrophobic interactions caused the oxygenated functional groups on biochar to increase (1 ~ 1.5 times). Thus the Electron exchange capacities (EEC) of pi500 and st700 turned to 1 ~ 3 times, and the EEC of HA decreased ca. 50%. Absorption (partition) caused more sorption of HA constituents to pi500 than to st700, while larger surface area resulted in higher EEC of st700 with sorbed HA. The enrichment of redox constituents on biochar is promising for its long-term use in waste reclamation and pollution control. The findings can aid in the understanding of variations in redox properties under interactions between pyrolytic and natural organic matter.
Graphical Abstract
Region-specific establishment of bacterial communities in the small intestine of neonatal calves from birth
Authors: Malmuthuge Nilusha , Chen Yanhong , Liang Guanxiang , Widenmann Anna , Guan Le Luo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Initial microbial colonization plays an important role in neonatal gut health. However, studies on gut microbial composition at birth are challenging, due to the limited access to accurate sampling. Here, we characterized the jejunal and ileal bacterial composition (epimural and luminal) of neonatal calves within 30 minutes after birth, and compared it with maternal (birth canal and rectum) and birth environments. RNA-based quantification along with amplicon sequencing revealed the colonization of active, dense (1.1–9.4 × 108 16S rRNA copy/g of sample), and diverse bacteria in the calf small intestine at birth. Pseudomonadaceae and Propionibacteriaceae dominated epimural communities, while Propionibacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae dominated luminal communities. The composition of calf gut bacteria at birth was significantly different from maternal bacteria, especially for beneficial bifidobacteria. The bacterial communities of calf body habitats were similar to those of the birth environment, which was again divergent from gut microbiota. This study suggests an establishment of small intestinal-specific microbiota from birth, which is considerably deviated from maternal microbiota. In corollary, we further propose that small intestinal microbiota colonization could be mainly modulated by host selection.
On optimal reinsurance in the presence of premium budget constraint and reinsurer’s risk limit
Authors: Liu Wei , Hu Yijun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we propose two new optimal reinsurance models in which both premium budget constraints and the reinsurer’s risk limits are taken into account. To be precise, we assume that the reinsurance premium has an upper bound, and that the admissible ceded loss functions have a pre-specified upper limit. Moreover, we assume that the reinsurance premium principle is calculated by the expected value premium principle. Under the optimality criteria of minimizing the value at risk and conditional value at risk of the insurer’s total risk exposure, we derive the explicit optimal reinsurance treaties, which are layer reinsurance treaties. A new approach is developed to construct the optimal reinsurance treaties. Comparisons with existing studies are also made. Finally, we provide a numerical study based on real data and an example to illustrate the proposed models and results. Our work provides a novel generalization of several known achievements in the literature.
Crises and the history of science: a materialist rehabilitation
Authors: Giovannetti-Singh Gianamar , Kent Rory 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOver the past four decades, historians of science have come to discard crisis as a guiding heuristic in ‘big-picture’ narratives of scientific change. In this article, we argue that it can be rehabilitated without reintroducing the conceptual drawbacks of earlier historiographies. We suggest that analysing material crises as distinct episodes of knowledge-in-the-making focuses attention on the mangling of science and social order. We distinguish material crises from Kuhnian intellectual crises; the analysis of material crises begins with the interactive dynamics of actor practices and performances, emergent within concrete social orders, rather than from technical breakdowns within isolable theoretical paradigms. Drawing on Reinhart Koselleck's account of crisis, we characterize such events as patterned shifts in the tempo of actor behaviours, which are brought about by real-time processes of realization. In addition to the familiar, contemporary cases of climate change and COVID-19, we sketch out how three historical crises transformed knowledge production in disparate ways: the Ming–Qing transition in late imperial China, crises of labour precarity in seventeenth-century Istanbul and the 1960 Sharpeville massacre in South Africa.
Comparative epidemiology of hospital-onset bloodstream infections (HOBSIs) and central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) across a three-hospital health system
Authors: Krishnan Jay , Gettler Erin B. , Campbell Melissa , Kalu Ibukunoluwa C. , Seidelman Jessica , Smith Becky , Lewis Sarah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the comparative epidemiology of hospital-onset bloodstream infection (HOBSI) and central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)Design and Setting:Retrospective observational study of HOBSI and CLABSI across a three-hospital healthcare system from 01/01/2017 to 12/31/2021Methods:HOBSIs were identified as any non-commensal positive blood culture event on or after hospital day 3. CLABSIs were identified based on National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) criteria. We performed a time-series analysis to assess comparative temporal trends among HOBSI and CLABSI incidence. Using univariable and multivariable regression analyses, we compared demographics, risk factors, and outcomes between non-CLABSI HOBSI and CLABSI, as HOBSI and CLABSI are not exclusive entities.Results:HOBSI incidence increased over the study period (IRR 1.006 HOBSI/1,000 patient days; 95% CI 1.001–1.012; P = .03), while no change in CLABSI incidence was observed (IRR .997 CLABSIs/1,000 central line days, 95% CI .992–1.002, P = .22). Differing demographic, microbiologic, and risk factor profiles were observed between CLABSIs and non-CLABSI HOBSIs. Multivariable analysis found lower odds of mortality among patients with CLABSIs when adjusted for covariates that approximate severity of illness (OR .27; 95% CI .11–.64; P < .01).Conclusions:HOBSI incidence increased over the study period without a concurrent increase in CLABSI in our study population. Furthermore, risk factor and outcome profiles varied between CLABSI and non-CLABSI HOBSI, which suggest that these metrics differ in important ways worth considering if HOBSI is adopted as a quality metric.
Mitochondria as a target of micro- and nanoplastic toxicity
Authors: Dal Yöntem Fulya , Aydoğan Ahbab Müfide 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Mitochondria are unique organelles to perform critical functions such as energy production, lipid oxidation, calcium homeostasis, and steroid hormone synthesis in eukaryotic cells. The proper functioning of mitochondria is crucial for cellular survival, homeostasis, and bioenergetics. Mitochondrial structure and function are maintained by the mitochondrial quality control system, which consists of the processes of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics (fusion/fission), mitophagy, and mitochondrial unfolded protein response UPRMT. Mitochondrial dysfunction and/or damage is associated with the initiation and progression of several human diseases, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, age-related diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Environmental stress and contaminants may exacerbate the sensitivity of mitochondria to damage which causes mitochondrial dysfunction. There is growing evidence about the impact of nanoplastics (NPs) and microplastics (MPs) on mitochondrial health and function. MPs/NPs were reported to trigger oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species production, which eventually change mitochondrial membrane potential. MPs/NPs can cross through the biological barriers in the human body and be internalized by the cells, potentially altering mitochondrial dynamics, bioenergetics, and signaling pathways, thus impacting cellular metabolism and function. This review states the effects of MPs/NPs on mitochondrial homeostasis and function as well as on mitochondrial membrane dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondrial apoptosis are discussed.
Detection of occult thrombosis in individuals with Fontan circulation by cardiac MRI
Authors: Curtis Samantha F. , Cicioni Mariah , Mullikin Alexandria , Williams Jason , Campbell J. Michael , Barker Piers C. A. , McCrary Andrew W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjective:Identifying thrombus formation in Fontan circulation has been highly variable, with reports between 17 and 33%. Initially, thrombus detection was mainly done through echocardiograms. Delayed-enhancement cardiac MRI is emerging as a more effective imaging technique for thrombus identification. This study aims to determine the prevalence of occult cardiac thrombosis in patients undergoing clinically indicated cardiac MRI.Methods:A retrospective chart review of children and adults in the Duke University Hospital Fontan registry who underwent delayed-enhancement cardiac MRI. Individuals were excluded if they never received a delayed-enhancement cardiac MRI or had insufficient data. Demographic characteristics, native heart anatomy, cardiac MRI measurements, and thromboembolic events were collected for all patients.Results:In total, 119 unique individuals met inclusion criteria with a total of 171 scans. The median age at Fontan procedure was 3 (interquartile range 1, 4) years. The majority of patients had dominant systemic right ventricle. Cardiac function was relatively unchanged from the first cardiac MRI to the third cardiac MRI. While 36.4% had a thrombotic event by history, only 0.5% (1 patient) had an intracardiac thrombus detected by delayed-enhancement cardiac MRI.Conclusions:Despite previous echocardiographic reports of high prevalence of occult thrombosis in patients with Fontan circulation, we found very low prevalence using delayed-enhancement cardiac MRI. As more individuals are reaching adulthood after requiring early Fontan procedures in childhood, further work is needed to develop thrombus-screening protocols as a part of anticoagulation management.