bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of bovine whole‐genome radiation hybrid and linkage maps using high‐throughput genotyping
Authors: McKay S. D. , Schnabel R. D. , Murdoch B. M. , Aerts J. , Gill C. A. , Gao C. , Li C. , Matukumalli L. K. , Stothard P. , Wang Z. , Van Tassell C. P. , Williams J. L. , Taylor J. F. , Moore S. S. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryHigh‐density whole‐genome maps are essential for ordering genes or markers and aid in the assembly of genome sequence. To increase the density of markers on the bovine radiation hybrid map, and hence contribute to the assembly of the bovine genome sequence, an Illumina® BeadStation was used to simultaneously type large numbers of markers on the Roslin‐Cambridge 3000 rad bovine–hamster whole‐genome radiation hybrid panel (WGRH3000). In five multiplex reactions, 6738 sequence tagged site (STS) markers were successfully typed on the WGRH3000 panel DNA. These STSs harboured SNPs that were developed as a result of the bovine genome sequencing initiative. Typically, the most time consuming and expensive part of creating high‐density radiation hybrid (RH) maps is genotyping the markers on the RH panel with conventional approaches. Using the method described in this article, we have developed a high‐density whole‐genome RH map with 4690 loci and a linkage map with 2701 loci, with direct comparison to the bovine whole‐genome sequence assembly (Btau_2.0) in a fraction of the time it would have taken with conventional typing and genotyping methods.
SHORT COMMUNICATION: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the Eurasian dog breed – inheritance and exclusion of two candidate genes
Authors: Proschowsky H. F. , Fredholm M. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryExocrine pancreatic insufficiency is considered an inherited disease in several dog breeds. Affected dogs show polyphagia, weight loss and voluminous faeces of light colour due to the lack of pancreatic enzymes. In the study described herein, we performed a segregation analysis using the singles method for three families of the Eurasian dog breed. Our data were consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. In addition, we performed a linkage analysis in these families using four microsatellite markers on CFA3 and two microsatellites on CFA23. Based on our results, we excluded the canine orthologs of the human cholecystokinin (CCK) and the cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR) genes as candidates for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Mormon cricket (Anabrus simplex: Tettigoniidae: Orthoptera) and an analysis of control region variability
Authors: Fenn J. D. , Cameron S. L. , Whiting M. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Anabrus simplex is a swarming plague orthopteran found in western North America. The genome is 15 766 bp in length and genome organization follows the ancestral insect gene arrangement. atp6 lacked any readily identifiable stop codon. Examination of mRNA secondary structure for this gene suggested a stem/loop‐mediated mRNA post‐transcriptional processing to liberate a mature atp6 mRNA with a complete stop codon produced by polyadenylation. Comparison of similar protein with protein gene boundaries in other insect species reveal a general mechanism for mRNA excision and provide further supporting evidence for post‐transcriptional mRNA processing in mitochondrial genomes. The A + T‐rich region, or control region, was sequenced for 55 A. simplex individuals from 12 different populations. Variance studies between these individuals show that the A + T‐rich region contains significant phylogenetic signal to be used in population studies.
piggyBac‐based insertional mutagenesis in Tribolium castaneum using donor/helper hybrids
Authors: Lorenzen M. D. , Kimzey T. , Shippy T. D. , Brown S. J. , Denell R. E. , Beeman R. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe describe an efficient method for generating new piggyBac insertions in the germline of F1 hybrid Tribolium castaneum derived from crosses between transgenic helper and donor strains. Helper strains carried single Minos elements encoding piggyBac transposase. The donor strain carried a single piggyBac element inserted into an actin gene, expanding the eye‐specific, 3xP3‐EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) reporter expression domain to include muscle. Remobilization of the donor element is accompanied by loss of muscle fluorescence but retention of eye fluorescence. In a pilot screen, the piggyBac donor was remobilized in 84% of the hybrid crosses, generating hundreds of new lethal, enhancer‐trap, semisterile and other insertions. The jumpstarter system described herein makes genome‐wide, saturation insertional mutagenesis a realistic goal in this coleopteran species.
Behaviour problems associated with lack of speech in people with learning disabilities
Authors: Bott C. , Farmer R. , Rohde J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has been observed in a population of people with learning disabilities that people with good understanding but no spech have significantly more behaviour problems than those with good speech. This observation was confirmed by testing a data set of 3662 people. The purpose of the study was to stress the importance of teaching communication techniques as early as possible in order to pre‐empt behaviour problems.
The cost‐effectiveness of community care for adults with learning disabilities leaving long‐stay hospital in Northern Ireland
Authors: Beecham J. , Knapp M. , McGilloway S. , Donnelly M. , Kavanagh S. , Fenyo A. , Mays N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmong the many questions concerning the replacement of long‐stay hospital services with community‐based care are those of cost and cost‐effectiveness, is community care more expensive than hospital care? Are levels of expenditure associated with clients’ needs and changes in their well‐being? By following a cohort of people discharged from seven long‐stay hospitals in Northern Ireland, this wide‐ranging evaluation was able to address such cost‐related questions. Although nearly three‐quarters of the sample were living in private sector residential or nursing homes, a six‐fold variation in the total costs of support was found. However, at the mean, community care was less expensive than hospital care. For only ten people in our sample of 192 clients did the costs of community care exceed the average cost of long‐stay inpatient care. Multivariate analysis revealed that the costs of community care ‘packages’ were linked to some client needs, but higher spending was not unequivocally associated with better client outcomes. Care in the community is reasonably cost‐effective in Northern Ireland when compared with long‐term hospital care. However, there is a case for increasing
Dementia in older people with intellectual disability: symptoms of physical and mental illness, and levels of adaptive behaviour
Authors: Moss S. , Patel P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDetailed data on health and functional ability of 101 people with intellectual disability over 50 years of age are presented. Using a combination of informant interviewing, observation and measurement of cognitive change over a 3‐year period, 12 of these individuals were identified as suffering from dementia. Their data are compared to those of the non‐dementia sufferers. The people suffering from dementia had a greater number of chronic physical health problems and chronic disability resulting from physical health problems. Their capacity for self‐directed activity was lower. The subjects had a reduced capacity to enjoy things, and were more irritable and more prone to violence. However, the outlook is somewhat different from a strategic perspective. The population of people with intellectual disability shows considerable epidemio logical changes across the lifespan because of the effects of differential survival. The interaction of these factors tends to mask the impact of dementia‐related skill loss in this population.
Communication, social‐emotional development and parenting stress in Cornelia‐de‐Lange syndrome
Authors: Sarimski K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCornelia‐de‐Lange syndrome is a dysmorphogenic disorder characterized by multiple congenital abnormalities, and in most cases, severe cognitive limitations. Parents of 27 children with Cornelia‐de‐Lange syndrome completed psychological questionnaires concerning communicative and social‐emotional behaviours, and reported on their parenting stress. Only four children vs'ere able to use speech, but most of the older children expressed needs through non‐verbal means. Feeding problems, over‐activity, irritability and stereotyped behaviours were characteristic for the majority of the group. Self‐injurious behaviours occur in more than 40%. Parenting stress is very high, especially in parents of older children.
A comparison of obstetric and neonatal complications between children with autistic disorder and their siblings
Authors: Deb S. , Prasad K.B.G. , Seth H. , Eagles J.M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSixty‐one children had a diagnosis of autistic disorder according to the DSM3‐R criteria in a population based study of mentally retarded children between the ages of 5 and 19 years in the Aberdeen city area of Scotland. Obstetric case records were traced for 36 out of these 61 autistic children. The obstetric case records of siblings of 30 of these autistic children were also traced. Modified versions of Prechtl's obstetric optimality scale along with that of Pamas were used to score pre‐, peri‐and neonatal obsteric complications in the autistic group and their normal sibling controls. A Spearman's correlation coefficient test between the scores of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and the Obstetric and Neonatal Complication (ONC) scores of all autistic children did not reveal any significant correlation. However, among the 20 severe autistic children, Spearman's test showed significant correlation between the scores of CARS and some ONC scores. Overall, no statistically significant difference between the autistic children and their siblings in the scores of obstetric optimality was detected by using the Wilcoxon test.
Nordic contributions to disability policies
Authors: Kebbon L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe most spectacular contribution from the nordic countries to intellectual disability policy is probably the idea of normalization, but it is not the simplistic notion that can be inferred from international debate. Its major significance may have been to act as an inspiring catchword for the important trend away from institutions Into integrated living. However, it is more fully understood when seen in the concrete context where It has successively developed, and been critically analysed and tested in operation. Scandinavian sociologists and psychologists—as well as politicians—were also among the first to use the concept of quality of life for analysis of social policy, including intellectual disability. The primary medium for implementation has been legislation, where the dominant difficulty is to find a balance between security and freedom, protection and self‐determination. Through this process, the role of social engineering in the welfare state, based on humanistic ideas of solidarity, can be followed into today's emphasis on individual influence and participation.
Defining and applying the concept of quality of life
Authors: Felce D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractQuality of life has been increasingly used as a scientific concept in literature embracing a wide range of target groups and populations as a whole. Conceptualizations vary, but there is much common ground concerning the domain content embraced by the term. Commentators are also clear that account needs to be taken of both objective life conditions and subjective personal appraisals. and the fact that what is important to each person varies. A synthesis of these perspectives provides a model of quality of life which integrates objective and subjective indicators and individual values across a broad range of life domains. Life domain issues may be categorized within six areas: physical, material, social, productive emotional and civic well‐being. Whatever its precise specification, the model is put forward as a framework for organizing measurement relevant to the quality of life concept rather than as a blueprint for deriving the ultimate single instrument. There is still a need for methodological flexibility. The pre‐eminent aim is to relate the fine grain of the experience of individuals with disability to that of the wider world.
The remediation of executive functions in children with cognitive disorders: the Vygotsky‐Luria neuropsychological approach
Authors: Akhutina T. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe demands of methods of effective remediation arising from the Vygotsky‐Luria approach to the structure and development of higher mental functions are discussed. These demands suggest the structuring of a therapeutic interaction in accordance with the rules of the internalization process, taking into account a weak component of the child's functional systems and the emotional involvement of a child in that Interaction. In order to provide a theoretical framework for developing methods of executive function remediation, the approaches of Vygotsky and Luria, as well as modern views on the structure and development of executive functions, are discussed. The Method of Numerical Sequence is presented as an example of the application of the general principles discussed above. The Method of Numerical Sequence provides a background for following the development of successive processing, programming and planning, and can be considered as a complement to the development of the metacognitive aspects of self–regulation. This method was verified experimentally in groups of 5–8‐year‐old children with intellectual disability.
The Use of the Vibration Signal and Worker Piping to Influence Queen Behavior during Swarming in Honey Bees, Apis mellifera
Authors: Pierce Andrew L. , Lewis Lee A. , Schneider Stanley S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe investigated worker regulation of queen activity during reproductive swarming by examining the rates at which workers performed vibration signals and piping on queens during the different stages of the swarming process. Worker–queen interactions were first examined inside observation hives during the 2–3 wk that preceded the issue of the swarm (pre‐swarming period) and then inside the swarm clusters during the period that preceded liftoff and relocation to a new nest site (post‐swarming period). Queen court size did not differ between the pre‐ and post‐swarming periods, but workers fed the queens less inside the swarm clusters. Workers performed vibration signals on the queens at increasing rates throughout the pre‐swarming period inside the natal nest, but rarely or never vibrated the queen inside the swarm. Piping was performed on the queens during both the pre‐ and post‐swarming periods and always reached a peak immediately before queen flight. During the final 2–4 h before swarm liftoff, queens were increasingly contacted by waggle dancers for nest sites, some of which piped the queen. The vibration signal may operate in a modulatory manner to gradually prepare the queen for flight from the natal nest, and the cumulative effects of the signal during the pre‐swarming period may make further vibrations on the queen unnecessary when inside the swarm cluster. In contrast, worker piping may function in a more immediate manner to trigger queen takeoff during both the pre‐ and post‐swarming periods. Workers that vibrate and pipe the queen tend to be older, foraging‐age bees. The regulation of queen activity during colony reproduction may therefore be controlled largely by workers that normally have little contact with queens, but help to formulate colony reproductive and movement decisions.
Male Reproductive Success in a Social Group of Urban Feral Cats (Felis catus L.)
Authors: Natoli E. , Schmid M. , Say L. , Pontier D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDominance rank, morphological characteristics and reproductive success of adult males were measured in a multi‐male multi‐female group of urban feral cats (Felis catus L.). Paternity of nine litters (34 kittens) of the domestic cat from six females was determined through microsatellites analyses at nine loci. The percentage of multiple paternities in this social group was as high as 78%. A positive correlation was found between male size/body weight and dominance. The males who sired the highest number of kittens were the dominant ones. Additionally, dominant males were more likely to be infected by the feline immunodeficiency virus, a virus transmitted by bites through aggressive interactions. Thus this study demonstrates that rank and body weight were both important in predicting the annual reproductive success. However, it shows that the reproductive benefit associated to rank may be balanced by cost due to at‐risk aggressive behaviour of dominant males.
Asymmetric mating in the brachypterous grasshopper Podisma sapporensis
Authors: Sugano Yoshikazu C. , Akimoto Shin‐ichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCrossing of genetically differentiated populations often results in assortative mating within populations. However, asymmetric sexual isolation or negative assortative mating has occasionally been reported. Previous studies suggested that sexual selection or sexual conflicts would lead to asymmetric mating when local populations are crossed. In order to evaluate the extent of assortative or disassortative mating in population crosses, we conducted laboratory crosses using the flightless grasshopper Podisma sapporensis. Crossing was conducted for all pairwise combinations of three populations, 150–240 km from one another – Teine, Shimokawa, and Akan. We found evidence for asymmetric mating for all the pairs of the populations. In particular, when the Teine and Akan populations were crossed, mating in the Teine male–Akan female cross was significantly more frequent than mating in both within‐population crosses, whereas mating in the Teine female–Akan male cross was significantly less frequent than mating in both within‐population crosses. We examined whether these results can be explained by any of the three hypotheses: (1) Kaneshiro's hypothesis, (2) differentiation in attractiveness, or (3) coevolution between male vigor and female receptivity. All the results were consistent with male vigor differing between populations balanced by different female potential to reject males. The available evidence suggests that antagonistic coevolution between the sexes has led local populations to different equilibria and that crossing of populations at different equilibria has resulted in asymmetry in mating frequencies.
Individual Acoustic Variation in Fallow Deer (Dama dama) Common and Harsh Groans: A Source‐Filter Theory Perspective
Authors: Vannoni Elisabetta , McElligott Alan G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMammals are able to distinguish conspecifics based on vocal cues, and the acoustic structure of mammal vocalizations is directly affected by the anatomy and action of the vocal apparatus. However, most studies investigating individual patterns in acoustic signals do not consider a vocal production‐based perspective. In this study, we used the source‐filter model of vocal production as a basis for investigating the acoustic variability of fallow deer groans. Using this approach, we quantified the potential of each acoustic component to carry information about individual identity. We also investigated if cues to individual identity carry over among the two groan types we describe: common and harsh groans. Using discriminant function analysis, we found that variables related to the fundamental frequency contour and the minimum frequencies of the highest formants contributed most to the identification of a given common groan. Common groans were individually distinctive with 36.6% (53.6% with stepwise procedure) of groans assigned to the correct individual. This level of discrimination is approximately six times higher than that predicted by chance. In addition, univariate anovas showed significant inter‐individual variation in the minimum formant frequencies when common and harsh groans were combined, suggesting that some information about individuality is shared between groan types. Our results suggest that the sound source and the vocal tract resonances act together to determine groan individuality and that enough variation exists to potentially allow individual recognition based on groans.
The Effect of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Supplementation in Zeolite A Treated Dry Cows on Periparturient Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis
Authors: Thilsing T. , Larsen T. , Jørgensen R. J. , Houe H. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryPrevious studies have proved the possibility of preventing parturient hypocalcaemia by zeolite A supplementation during the dry period, and a recentin vitrostudy has indicated a marked calcium (Ca) as well as phosphorus (P) binding effect of zeolite A in rumen fluid solutions. Because of the connection between the Ca and P homeostatic systems, the preventive effect against parturient hypocalcaemia may arise from zeolite induced decreased availability of dietary Ca as well as P. In the present study, the expected Ca and P binding capacity was challenged by feeding high and low levels of dietary Ca and/or P to zeolite A treated dry cows. Twenty‐one pregnant dry cows were assigned to four experimental groups receiving a dry cow ration unsupplemented or supplemented with extra Ca and/or P. During the last 2 weeks of the dry period all cows additionally received 600 g of zeolite A per day. A high level of dietary P prepartum significantly decreased the plasma Ca concentration before as well as immediately after calving (day 0–3). Conversely, the plasma inorganic phosphate concentration was higher among these cows than among cows receiving no supplemental P. The prepartum dietary Ca level significantly affected the serum 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D concentration during zeolite supplementation, whereas the periparturient plasma Ca concentration was apparently not affected by the dietary Ca level. During zeolite A supplementation plasma parathyroid hormone was significantly higher among cows receiving additional P. The urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine ratio was not affected by the prepartal dietary Ca or P level. Serum aluminium (Al) was significantly higher during zeolite A supplementation than during the preceding period, indicating partial destruction of the zeolite in the intestinal tract with subsequent release and absorption of Al. It is suggested that the effect of prepartum zeolite supplementation on the periparturient Ca homeostasis depends on the level of Ca as well as P in the dry cow ration.
Use of a Parathyroid Hormone Peptide (PTH1−34)‐enriched Fibrin Hydrogel for the Treatment of a Subchondral Cystic Lesion in the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint of a Warmblood Filly
Authors: Fuerst A. , Derungs S. , Von Rechenberg B. , Auer J. A. , Schense J. , Watson J. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryTo describe the treatment of a subchondral bone cyst in the proximal phalanx with parathyroid hormone peptide‐enriched fibrin hydrogel in a warmblood filly. The cyst was localized with computer‐assisted orthopaedic surgery, then curetted and finally filled with parathyroid hormone fragment peptide 1–34 (PTH1−34) covalently attached to a fibrin hydrogel. The cyst healed quickly without any complications. This result supports the hypothesis that PTH1−34delivered locally in a fibrin hydrogel may improve the postoperative prognosis of surgical management of subchondral bone cysts in horses. Subchondral bone cysts are fairly common in horses. Especially in older horses, the prognosis is poor, even after surgical curettage. Therefore, different management protocols have been investigated in conjunction with surgical curettage to improve prognosis. Locally delivered PTH1−34seems to be a new method in the treatment of subchondral bone cysts.