bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen über den Einfluβ individueller Merkmale der Spenderkuh auf die Entwicklungskapazität von Rindereizellen nach In‐vitro‐Befruchtung
Authors: Aurich Chr. , Neugebauer G.L.W. , Hahn J. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt: Bovine Oozyten wurden getrennt nach Spenderkühen in vitro maturiert, befruchtet und kultiviert. Die durchschnittlich pro Spendertier gewonnene Zahl an Eizellen sowie die erreichten Teilungs‐ und Weiterentwicklungsraten wurden auf ihre Abhängigkeit von Rasse und Abgangsursache der Spenderkuh, Funktionszustand der Ovarien sowie die Zuhl der Oozyten pro Kultivierungseinheit untersucht.Eizellen von Kühen der Rasse Deutsche Schwarzbunte erreichten eine signifikant höhere Anzahl an transfertauglichen Embryonen als Eizellen yon Fleckviehkühen (32% vs. 28%). Aus Ovarien von tragenden Kühen konnten signifikant mehr Eizellen gewonnen werden als aus zyklischen Kühen (23,2 Eizellen/Tier gegenüber 13,6 bis 15,5 Eizellen/Tier), und die Embryonenausbeute nach IVF war signifikant höher (36% transfertaugliche Stadien gegenüber 22 bis 28% bei den anderen Kühen).Bei chronisch erkrankten Spenderkühen waren sowohl die Teilungs‐ als auch die Weiterentwicklungsraten der in vitro befruchteten Oozyten herabgesetzt (Teilungsrate zwischen 43 und 53%; 16 bis 24% transfertaugliche Stadien). Mit steigender Zuhl von Eizellen pro Einzeltier, d.h. pro Kultivierungseinheit stieg der Anteil an transfertauglichen Stadien signifikant an (von 25 auf 33%).
Effects of the 6/15 Robertsonian Translocation in Saanen Goats
Authors: Guillemot E. , Gary F. , Berland H.M. , Berthelot X. , Durand V. , Darre R. , Cribiu E.P. 
Published: October 2007

Contents: The effects of a 6/15 Robertsonian translocation on growth and reproductive performance were investigated. One carrier Saanen buck was compared with 36 non‐carrier Saanen sires. No significant effect was observed on daily growth, libido, or siminal characteristics. Fertility rate and prolificacy of the carrier and normal males were 58.3% and 1.53 ± 0.79 (m ± sd) vs 48.9% and 1.36 ± 0.58 respectively (p > 0.05). Kidding rate and prolificacy of 30 normal and 32 heterozygous daughters of this carrier buck were 60% vs 59% (p > 0.05) and 1.47 ± 0.57 vs 1.34 ± 0.48 (p > 0.05) respectively. Normal does always demonstrated a higher prolificacy (p > 0.05) independent of breeding pratices and service rank.Inhalt: Einfluß der 6/15 Robertsonschen Translokation bei Saanenziegen Es wurde der Einfluß einer 6/15 Robertsonschen Translokation auf Wachstum und Fortpflanzung sleistung untersucht. Ein Trägertier (Saanenbock) wurde mit 36 Nichtträgern verglichen. Es wurden keine Effekte hinsichtlich täglichen Wachstums, Libido und Spermacharakteristika festgestellt. Befruchtungsprozentsatz und Nachkommenrate des Trägertieres und der normalen Böcke war 58,3% und 1,53 ± 0,79 gegenüber 1,36 ± 0,58 (p ±0,05). Ablammrate und Nachkommensrate von 30 normalen und 32 heterozygoten Töchtern des Trägerbocks betrugen 60% gegenüber 59% (p ± 0.05) und 1,47 ± 0,57 gegenüber 1,34 ± 0,48 (p ± 0,05). Normale Ziegen zeigen höhere Nachkommensraten (p ± 0,05) unabhängig von Bedeckungspraxis und Besamungsfolge.
Evidence of the Direct Action of Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone on the Porcine Ovary: Effects of LH‐RH and its Antagonist on Oxytocin, Progesterone and Testosterone Production by Granulosa Cells in vitro
Authors: Nitray J. , Sirotkin V. 
Published: October 2007

Contents: Oxytocin, progesterone and testosterone production of porcine granulosa cell culture in absence ‐ or in presence of 0.01–10 μg/ml LH‐RH or its antagonist (D Phe2, D Phe6) LH‐RH were analysed. It was found that both LH‐RH and its analoque stimulated granulosa oxytocin and progesterone (but not testosterone) secretion in a dose‐dependent manner. Present results demonstrate (I) a direct stimulatory influence of LH‐RH and its antagonist on porcine ovarian peptide and steroid hormone production, as well as (2) the relative independence of the LH‐RH ‐related peptides actions at the hypophysial and at the ovarian level.Inhalt: Hinweise auf den direkten Einfluß des “Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone” auf das Ovar beim Schwein: Effekte von LH‐RH und seines Antagonisten auf Oxytocin‐, Progesteron‐ und Testosteronproduktion durch Granulosazellen unter in vitro Bedin‐gungen Oxytocin, Progesteron und Testosteronproduktion porciner Granulosazellkulturen wurde in Abwesenheit oder Anwesenheit von 0,01–10 μg/ml LH‐RH bzw. des Antagonisten (d‐Phe2, d Phe6) LH‐RH analysiert. Es wurde festgestellt, daβ sowohl LH‐RH als auch ein Analogpräparat die Oxytocin und Progesteronsekretion in dosisabhängiger Form stimulieren, Testosteron aber nicht beeinfluβt wird. Die Ergebnisse Zeigen einen stimulierenden Effekt von LH‐RH und auch des Antagonisten auf die Synthese ovarieller Peptide und Steroidhormone. Gleichzeitig stellt sich eine relative Unabhängigkeit von LH‐RHgebunderen Peptiden auf hypophysärem und ovariellen Level dar.
Superovulationsinduktion bei Merinolandschafen nach einmaliger oder multipler FSH‐Applikation
Authors: Meinecke‐Tillmann S. , Lewalski H. , Meineke B. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt: Zyklussynchronisierte Merinolandschafe (n=79) wurden mit FSH‐P in einer Gesamtdosis von 25 mg oder 17 mg superovuliert. Während die Versuchsgruppe 1 das Gonadotropin in Form einer mehrfachen Applikation in 12 stündigen Abständen erhielt (Gruppe 1/25 mg und 1/17 mg), wurde die Gesamtdosis bei Versuchsgruppe 2 36 Stunden vor Gestagenentzug (Gruppe 2/25 mg und 2/17 mg) und bei Versuchsgruppe 3 bei Gestagenentzug (Gruppe 3/25 mg und 3/17 mg) verabreicht. Die Embryonengewinnung wurde nach intrauteriner Eksamung der Tiere am 7.‐11. Zyklustag durchgefülut.Die Anzahl der Corpora lutea betrug in den einzelnen Stimulationsgruppen jeweils 11,8 ± 4,6; 9,2 ± 55; 8,4 ± 6,4; 7,2 ± 7,2; 8,8 ± 6,5 und 4,2 ± 2,9 C.l., wobei die Reaktion der Gruppe 3/17 mg signifikant niedriger als die der Gruppe 1/25 mg (p < 0,001), 1/17 mg (p < 0,01), 2/25 mg (p< 0,05) und 3/25 mg (p < 0,05) war. Die anderen Gruppe unterscheiden sich nicht signifikant.Sowohl die Anzahl der erzielten Ovulationen als auch die Zahl der gewonnenen Eizellen/Embryonen lassen darauf schließen, daß die einmalige FSH‐Applikation in höherer Dosierung, insbesondere bei Synchronisationsende, eine sinnvolle Alternative zu den gebräuchlichen Superovulationsmethoden beim Schaf darstellt.
FERTILITY OF FROZEN BOAR SEMEN USED FOR AI IN COMMERCIAL SETTINGS
Authors: Didion B.A. , Schoenbeck R.A. 
Published: October 2007

SummarySurgical insemination was the least efficient means to procure offspring (27% farrow rate). However, it offers to be an effective means for generating offspring from limited semen supplies or semen having high value (i.e. genetic merit or gender selected sperm). Transcervical AI resulted in an overall 40% farrow rate. However, there was a significant farm effect observed and this was anticipated in considering the variation in management and personnel practices.The application of frozen boar semen for commercial practice has merit. Although the fertility of frozen semen is below that of fresh semen, it is a low cost and efficient method for introgressing new germplasm (genetics) into a current genetic base. With respect to seedstock suppliers, the lowered fertility associated with frozen semen is acceptable when it is looked upon as a means to introduce new genetics for research purposes.
The Effect of Two Antibiotic Mixtures on Haemophilus somnus, Campylobacter fetus ssp. venerealis, Mycoplasma bovis, and Ureaplasma diversum in Frozen Bovine Semen
Authors: Visser IJR , Laak EA ter , Jansen HB , Gerard O 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA two‐step semen‐extending protocol was compared to a one‐step protocol in its efficiency in inhibiting growth of Haemophilus somnus, Campylobacter fetus ssp. venerealis, Mycoplasma bovis, and Ureaplasma diversum in experimentally infected semen. In both protocols, the effect of an antibiotic mixture of 500 μg gentamycin, 100 μg tylosin, 300 μg lincomycin, and 600 μg spectinomycin (GTLS) was compared to a mixture of 500 IU penicillin, 500 IU streptomycin, 150 μg lincomycin, and 300 μg spectinomycin (PSLS). The one‐step extending method was as effective as the two‐step extending method. Both antibiotic mixtures were equally effective in controlling C. fetus. For H. somnus and U. diversum, the PSLS mixture was more effective than the GTLS mixture. It was striking that both antibiotic mixtures had no effect in decreasing the numbers of M. bovis.
Absorption and Synthesis of Immunoglobulins G in Newborn Calves
Authors: Erhard MH , Amon P , Younan M , Ali Z , Stangassinger M 
Published: October 2007

SummaryNewborn calves (n=19) got 4.5 liters of pooled colostrum within three feedings in the first 14 hours post natum (p.n.). The immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2 concentrations in the colostrum pool were 54.9 mg/ml and 4.2 mg/ml. The precolostral serum IgG concentrations in calves were 0.15 mg/ml (IgG1; SD 0.24) and 0.06 mg/ml (IgG2; SD 0.14). The highest serum IgG levels p.n. were measured 12 hours after the first colostrum feeding (9.3 mg IgG1/ml (SD 4.0), 0.8 mg IgG1/ml (SD 1.0). Thereafter, the mean IgG1 level was reduced continuously to the significant lowest concentration of 4.9 mg/ml (SD 2.3) at day 28 p.n. and then increased continuously to the significant highest concentration of 9.0 mg/ml (SD 4.8) on day 77 p.n. The mean concentration of IgG2 was lowest on day 11 p.n. (0.5 mg/ml; SD 0.4) and highest on day 77 p.n. (1.2 mg/ml; SD 0.6).In blood from 198 calves, housed in Germany and sampled between day 4 and 6 p.n., the IgG concentration averaged 4.9 mg/ml serum (SD 3.3). From 93 dams of these calves a sample of the first colostrum could be obtained showing a mean concentration of 22.0 mg IgG/ml (SD 11.0). IgG levels in the colostrum and in the serum showed a correlation of r=0.37.In Kenia IgG levels of three week old calves from two farms were measured. The calves were always with mother for the first 24 hours. The mean serum IgG concentrations of the calves were 22.5 mg IgG/ml (n=7, SD 6.8) and 15.2 mg IgG/ml (n=15; SD 6.3). Comparing to the serum IgG levels found in calves of our studies in Germany there were significant differences.
Uterine Motility in the Cow During Puerperium
Authors: Gajewski Z , Thun R , Faundez R , Boryczko Z 
Published: October 2007

SummaryThe objective of the study was to determine uterine motility during the postpartum period in cattle. In the present study spontaneous uterine activity was recorded during postpartum period using electrodes which were surgically implanted into the myometrium 4‐6 weeks before parturition. After the placenta has been released 4‐8 hours post part, spontaneous uterine motility drastically decreased until the second week post part. The effects of oxytocin, depotocin, prostaglandin, ergometrin, detomidin on the uterine contractility, during postpartum period were investigated. Oxytocin and carbotocin given intravenously always provoked strong uterine contractions. Prostaglandin F2alpha and detomidinum HC1 stimulated uterine activity in the early puerperium. Following administration of ergometrin unequal response was recorded. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed daily with real time B‐mode scanner equipped with a 5.0 MHz linear‐array transducer (Aloka 210, Pie Medical). 10 muciparous Black‐White‐Holstein cows between 2 and 4 years old and 550‐650 kg b.w. were used. A 6‐min scan of the longitudinal view of the uterine body was recorded using video cassette recorder connected to the ultrasound scanner. A scoring system was used to determines uterine motility. Contractility scores were higher just after parturition then in the following times. Blood samples were collected daily from jugular vein for plasma progesterone and estrogen concentrations. Changes in uterine activity were associated with plasma progesterone and estrogen level.
Practitioner Use and Graphical Display of Dairy Cow Fertility Records to Give the Farmer/Herdsman Incentives to Improve Efficiency and Output
Authors: Hendry MAW 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRecording of fertility and health data on dairy farms is an important function involving the farmer, stockman and veterinarian. The farmer and stockman must be given simple incentives to maximise farm output. The role of the DAISY computer recording system as used in the United Kingdom is discussed and the graphical display of data retrieved from both DAISY and Excel spreadsheets is demonstrated in relation to herd fertility, health and body condition score, and evaluated.
Assessment of Fertility after Using Different Procedures to Thaw Ram Spermatozoa Frozen in Mini Straws
Authors: S L , öderquist . , Lundeheim N. , Nilsson B. 
Published: October 2007

ContentsIn this study, fertility rates were compared after using different procedures (50°C and 70°C) to thaw ram spermatozoa frozen in mini straws. Semen from three, 1.5–2.5‐year‐old rams of the same breed, selected for use in an AI programme, was collected using an artificial vagina. The semen was diluted with a skim milk extender containing 7% glycerol (v/v), packed in 0.25‐ml mini straws and frozen in a programmable freezer. Post‐thaw sperm motility was assessed subjectively using a phase contrast microscope. Sperm membrane integrity was assessed with fluorescent dyes (Calcein AM/EthD‐1). Statistically significant variation in the incidence of membrane integrity was found, both between rams and between freezing operations. Significant differences between the different thawing procedures used in this study were seen for membrane integrity (p < 0.01), as assessed with the fluorescent dyes (Calcein AM/EthD‐1), but not for the post‐thaw motility. The average fertility in this study was 39.7%, with a wide variation between freezing operations (not significant), rams (p < 0.001; 30.4, 33.3 and 64.6%) and flocks (p < 0.001, range: 14.8–61.6%). No statistically significant differences were found for the different thawing procedures, in terms of the fertility (39.0 and 40.4%, respectively) and the litter size (1.32 and 1.41, respectively). Thawing at 50°C for 9 s, instead of 70°C for 5 s, does not seem to further affect either fertility or litter size. The use of this lower temperature would facilitate the practical use of frozen–thawed ram semen under farm conditions in Sweden.
The Use of an Immunomodulator to Enhance the Reproductive Performance of Gilts Transported for Long Distances from Breeding to Commercial Units
Authors: Saratsis Ph , Alexopoulos C. , Mavromatis J. , Tsinas A.C. , Kyriakis S.C. 
Published: October 2007

ContentsThe reproductive performance of gilts transported for long distances from three high‐health breeding farms to six commercial farms was tested after the use of a Parapox‐ovis‐virus‐based immunomodulator, Baypamun N (Bayer AG, Germany). Sixty (60) gilts were injected with Baypamun N, three times (2 days before departure, 2 h before departure and 2 days after their arrival at the commercial farms), while the remaining 60 gilts were injected with placebo at the same times. The results indicated that: (i) no adverse reactions or adverse effects were noticed related to the treatment with Baypamun N, (ii) treatment with Baypamun N improved the reproductive performance of gilts; the proportion of gilts farrowed/total gilts examined, the total number of piglets born, the number of piglets born alive and the body‐weight of piglets at farrowing were significantly increased (p < 0.05), and (iii) treatment with Baypamun N reduced (p < 0.05) the cost of medication per gilt examined and per served gilt.
The Effect of Piglet Expulsion in the Sow on Plasma Cortisol, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and β‐endorphin
Authors: Jarvis S. , Lawrence A.B. , McLean K.A. , Deans L.A. , Chirnside J. , Calvert S.K. 
Published: October 2007

ContentsPrevious studies have shown an increase in plasma cortisol in gilts over farrowing irrespective of environment suggesting that factor(s) associated with parturition itself cause physiological stress. Factors involved in mediating the hypathalomo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis at parturition are not well understood. This study examines the effect of piglet expulsion on the pituitary–adrenal axis by measurement of plasma cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and β‐endorphin. The effect of farrowing environment in modulating the acute response to piglet expulsion is also investigated. Twelve second parity sows, with indwelling jugular catheters, were moved into either a farrowing crate or a straw‐bedded pen 5 days before their expected parturition date (EPD). Blood samples were taken from each sow during a prefarrowing baseline period and then rapid samples (2.5 mins) were taken for 10 min following the birth of two piglets. No effect of environment was found on any of the hormonal variables which reinforces the hypothesis that the physiological stress seen in parturient pigs is due to some intrinsic factor of parturition. Plasma cortisol, ACTH and β‐endorphin did not change significantly in the period following piglet expulsion suggesting that individual piglet expulsions do not play a major role in ‘parturition stress’. There was however, an increase in plasma cortisol, ACTH and β‐endorphin in response to increasing piglet number which is consistent with previous studies of general farrowing in which cortisol increased as farrowing progressed. Therefore this study reinforces the hypothesis that physiological stress increases with ongoing parturition although this does not appear to be a result of piglet expulsion. The potential role of other factors which may be involved in causing ‘parturition stress’ should be investigated.
Demonstration of 16‐Unsaturated C‐19 Steroids (‘Boar Pheromones’) in Tissues of the Male Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Claus R. , Kaufmann B. , Dehnhard M. , Spitzer V. 
Published: October 2007

ContentsInvestigations into the role of pheromones in reproductive behaviour have been mainly limited to the boar, with 16‐unsaturated C‐19 steroids playing a major role. Similarities in the mating behaviour of the camel and pig suggest that pheromones may also be important in the camel. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of 16‐unsaturated steroids in camel testes and other tissues. Samples of testicular tissue were obtained by castration from six male camels (9–15 years) and 16‐unsaturated steroid content was measured by gas–liquid chromatography (GLC). In addition, samples of the glandula occipitalis (‘poll gland’), g. parotis, g. submandibularis and the palatal flap (‘dulaa’) were obtained from a 10‐year‐old camel and also analysed for steroid content. Results were confirmed by GC‐MS (gas‐chromatography‐mass spectrometry) in selected testicular samples. 5α‐androst‐16‐en‐3‐one could be detected in all testicular specimen (range 0.05–1.28 μg/g tissue) as well as in all the other tissues analysed, with highest concentrations in the glandula occipitalis. 5α‐androst‐16‐en‐3β‐ol was present in most tissues, whereas 5α‐androst‐16‐en‐3α‐ol was detectable at 0.75 μg/g only in one testes which also had the highest level of 5α‐androst‐16‐en‐3‐one. The similarities of these findings to the porcine species suggest a role of 16‐unsaturated steroids as pheromones in the camel. Further experimental evidence however, is required to confirm these findings.
Enzymatic Development of the Human Fetus: LDH/Aldolase Ratio in Developing Human Fetus
Authors: Mino Makoto , Takai Toshio 
Published: October 2007

SummaryStudies on fructose diphosphate aldolase during development of the human fetus were undertaken. Additionally, the relation of the activity of LDH and its isozymes to aldolase in developing tissues including the liver, skeletal muscle, heart and brain were observed.In the liver, the activity of aldolase was found to be low throughout pre‐ and postnatal life, while in the skeletal muscle, it was found to increase throughout life. In the heart, aldolase activity was relatively high during 4 to 6 months of gestation, and decreased during the remaining fetal period. No remarkable changes were observed during post‐natal development.The total LDH/aldolase activity ratio was high in the adult liver, while that of the adult muscle was low. During early fetal life these ratios were similar between liver and muscle. With respect to the development of these tissues, the ratio increased in liver and decreased in the muscle. From the finding of changes in this ratio, a critical period in the metabolism during development may be recognized. Such critical periods appeared at the 5th month of gestation in the liver and muscle. Further small changes in the ratio were found to occur only in the muscle at term.During development of the brain, the ratio of total LDH/aldolase decreased, while it increased in the developing heart. Critical periods appear at the 5th month of gestation in the brain and at terminal gestation in the heart.Similar changes were observed in the activity ratios of main component of LDH isozymes to aldolase in all tissues examined.
Studies on the Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH) during Development
Authors: Matsuoka Satoru 
Published: October 2007

SummaryThe serum LDH activity and the isozyme patterns in cord blood and the healthy individuals in different age were investigated during the development and the following results were obtained.1) LDH activityThe mean values in each group were as follows: 490.30 u/ml in cord blood, 623.60 u/ml in early newborns (1–3 days), 575.45 u/ml in newborns (4–7 days), 395.00 u/ml in infants (1–6 m), 371.00 u/ml in infants (6–12 m), 342.00 u/ml in young children (1–6 y), 298.24 u/ml in school children (6–15 y) and 212.00 u/ml in adults.Marked elevations of the activity were proved in the newborn group, especially 1–3 days after birth.After the newborn period, the activity gradually decreased to the adult level.No significant differences were obtained between the male and the female in each group.2) LDH isozymeThe distribution dominance of the LDH isozymes in all groups were indicated in the following order: LDH‐2>LDH‐1>LDH‐3>LDH‐4>LDH‐5.The LDH isozyme pattern in cord blood showed the specific pattern considerably different from those in other groups.The LDH isozyme patterns in newborn serum showed the statistically significant increase of LDH‐3, LDH‐4 and LDH‐5 as compared with those in other age groups and the alteration was marked in the early period of the newborn, 1–3 days after birth.3) The possible mechanisms of the changes of the serum LDH activity and the alterations of the isozyme patterns were discussed.