bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Cation‐Binding Properties and the Influence of Intramolecular C–H···O Interactions on the Complexation Behaviour of a Family of Cone p‐tert‐Butylcalix[4]arene‐crown‐5 Compounds
Authors: Agnihotri Pragati , Suresh Eringathodi , Paul Parimal , Ghosh Pushpito K. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA family of cone p‐tert‐butylcalix[4]arene‐crown‐5 compounds with various substituents (H, COCH3, CH2CO2C2H5 and CH2CO2H) appended at the opposite phenolic oxygen atoms have been synthesised to evaluate their efficiency and selectivity towards different alkali and alkaline‐earth metal ions, and also to ascertain the role of the appended side‐arms in the complexation process. The selectivity of these ionophores towards Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ has been evaluated with an aqueous solution containing an equimolar mixture of these ions. The concentration of metal ion in the extract (organic phase) has been estimated by ion chromatographic assay. Among these ions, K+ shows the highest selectivity in all cases except one, where the two phenolic oxygen atoms contain COCH3 substituents. All the ionophores show poor selectivity towards Mg2+ and Ca2+. Association constants (Ka) for the binding of Na+ and K+ to these ionophores have been determined spectrophotometrically. Ka (7.2 × 107) is highest for the binding of K+ to the ionophore with CH2CO2C2H5 substituents. The molecular structures of four of the ionophores and four of the metal complexes have been established by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. Analysis of the structures revealed that in case of the ionophore with two COCH3 substituents, the C–H···O interactions form an eight‐membered zigzag ring almost perpendicular to the crown ring, which prevents entry of the metal ions into the calix‐crown cavity. The ionophore with CH2CO2C2H5 substituents, where no such interaction is observed, forms metal complexes easily and exhibits the highest association constant. 1H and 13C NMR studies have also been carried out to investigate the conformational behaviour of these ionophores and their metal complexes in solution.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Structure of the virus capsid protein VP1 of enterovirus 71 predicted by some homology modeling and molecular docking studies
Authors: Ke Yi‐Yu , Chen Yun‐Chu , Lin Thy‐Hou 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe homology modeling technique has been used to construct the structure of enterovirus 71 (EV 71) capsid protein VP1. The protein is consisted of 297 amino acid residues and treated as the target. The amino acid sequence identity between the target protein and sequences of template proteins 1EAH, 1PIV, and 1D4M searched from NCBI protein BLAST and WorkBench protein tools were 38, 37, and 36%, respectively. Based on these template structures, the protein model was constructed by using the InsightII/Homology program. The protein model was briefly refined by energy minimization and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation steps. The protein model was validated using some web available servers such as ERRAT, PROCHECK, PROVE, and PROSA2003. However, an inconsistency between the docking scores and the measured activity was observed for a series of EV 71 VP1 inhibitors synthesized by Shia et al. (J Med Chem 2002, 45, 1644) and docked into the binding pocket of the protein model using the DOCK 4.0.2 program. The protein model with an EV 71 VP1 inhibitor docked and engulfed was then refined further by some MD simulation steps in the presence of water molecules. The docking scores obtained for these inhibitors after such a MD refinement were well correlated with the activities. The structure–activity relationships for the ligand–protein model system was also analyzed using the GRID‐VOLSURF programs and the corresponding noncrossvalidated and crossvalidated (by leave‐one‐out) r2 and q2 were 0.99 and 0.61, respectively. The hydrophobic nature of the binding pocket of the protein model was also examined using the GRID21 program. The possibility of improving the potency of the current series of EV 71 VP1 inhibitors was discussed based on all the studies presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 1556–1570, 2006
Ultrasound findings of teres minor denervation in suspected quadrilateral space syndrome
Authors: Brestas Paraskevas S. , Tsouroulas Marinos , Nikolakopoulou Zoi , Malagari Katerina , Drossos Charalampos 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIsolated teres minor denervation is an uncommon finding on sonographic examination. We present a case of a 64‐year‐old man with increased echogenity of the teres minor muscle and a slight reduction in muscle bulk. Investigation of a suspected axillary nerve lesion included a detailed sonographic examination of the posterior shoulder and the axillary space, followed by MR imaging and electrophysiologic testing. This case demonstrates the potential importance of examining rotator cuff muscles when performing sonographic examination of the shoulder in patients with persistent symptoms, no history of trauma, and absence of tendon tears. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:343–347, 2006
Relationship of increased renal cortical echogenicity with clinical and laboratory findings in pediatric renal disease
Authors: Kasap Belde , Soylu Alper , Türkmen Mehmet , Kavukcu Salih 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPurpose.To correlate the clinical and laboratory findings with increased renal cortical echogenicity in children with acute renal diseases.Materials and Methods.Children with increased renal cortical echogenicity were evaluated retrospectively. Laboratory findings and final diagnoses were reviewed. Patients with increased echogenity were classified into group 1 (mild; grade I) or group 2 (more severe; grades II and III).Results.There were 7 newborns and 114 children (67 male, 47 female) with increased renal cortical echogenicity with a mean (±SD) age of 7.0 (±4.4) years. The clinical diagnosis was anatomic abnormality (including vesicoureteral reflux, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, ureterovesical junction obstruction, double collecting system) in 9%, urinary tract infection in 21%, urolithiasis in 6%, nephrotic syndrome in 20%, glomerulonephritis in 32%, and other diseases in 12%. Hyperechogenicity was bilateral in 72%, right‐sided in 19%, and left‐sided in 9%. There were 81 patients in group 1 and 33 patients in group 2 (grade II, 29; grade III, 4). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with regard to age, sex, and serum blood urea nitrogen level, serum creatinine level, uric acid level, urine pH, and specific gravity. Hematuria was more frequent in group 2, whereas proteinuria and pyuria incidences were similar in the 2 groups. In patients with hematuria, glomerulonephritis was the most common cause.Conclusions.Glomerulonephritis is the most frequent acute disease causing increased renal echogenicity in childhood, and higher echogenicity is more likely to be associated with hematuria. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:339–342, 2006
Calcium‐regulated fusion of yolk granules during early embryogenesis of Periplaneta americana
Authors: Ramos I.B. , Miranda K. , de Souza W. , Machado E.A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis work reported membrane fusion of yolk granules (YGs) during early embryogenesis of the insect Periplaneta americana (P. americana). We showed that eggs from Day 5 of embryogenesis possess a greater amount of enlarged YGs in comparison with Day 1. Day 5 is also the period when the largest amount of free calcium is found (∼17 mM) within the oothecae from early embryogenesis. Treatment of Day 1‐YGs fraction with 17 mM Ca2+ resulted in a YG size pattern very similar to the one observed in Day 5 eggs, where enlarged YGs were formed. YG membrane fusion was observed by fluorescent membrane dye transfer from previously labeled small YGs to larger ones and was also visualized by electron microscopy. We also showed that the small “in fusion” YGs seemed to be acidic, suggesting that acidification is correlated with YG membrane fusion. Hence, it was shown that YGs are capable of membrane fusion in a calcium‐dependent manner and this process probably occurs in vivo during early embryogenesis of P. americana. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative analysis of apoptotic pathways in rat, mouse, and hamster spermatozoa
Authors: Cisternas Pablo , Moreno Ricardo D. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractApoptosis is a type of cell death characterized by the activation of a family of cysteine‐proteases called caspases. We made a comparative study to determine the presence of several caspases and other regulators of apoptosis in rat, mouse, and hamster spermatozoa. Our results showed that the three species have both active and inactive caspases‐8 and ‐3, the proapoptotic protein BID, p53, and the endogenous caspase inhibitor cIAP‐1. However, we did not find evidence for the presence of active caspase‐9. The acrosome reaction (i.e., the exocytic process of sperm acrosome) and sperm viability were not affected by the presence of a general caspase inhibitor. On the other hand, valinomycin, which promotes caspase‐dependent cell death in somatic cells, induced caspase‐independent cell death in spermatozoa. TRAIL, a ligand whose receptor induces apoptosis in malignant cells, did not have any effect in the viability of mouse spermatozoa, despise the presence of its receptor in rat and mouse, but not in hamster spermatozoa. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that rodent spermatozoa have some components of the apoptotic pathway. However, the role of caspases in mammalian spermatozoa appears to be unrelated to sperm survival or to the acrosome reaction under physiological conditions. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Government engagement with non‐state providers of water and sanitation services
Authors: Sansom Kevin 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIncreasingly, governments in developing countries recognise that the public sector alone cannot provide adequate water and sanitation services to all. Non‐state providers (NSPs) including both formal and informal private providers, as well as civil society institutions, also have important roles to play. There are clear challenges for governments intending to work with NSPs, not least of which is the institutional compatibility between bureaucratic agencies and informal water and sanitation NSPs. However, positive examples of government agencies working effectively with NSPs are emerging in many countries. Government engagement with water and sanitation NSPs can be split into five main types: recognition, dialogue, facilitation/collaboration, contracting and regulation. In many situations, a lack of formal recognition of water or sanitation NSPs is an impediment to more productive forms of engagement. There are a number of potential intervention options within each of the five types of engagement that government agencies should carefully consider when supporting the development of NSP water and sanitation services. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of silver doping on the critical current density of Bi‐Pb‐Sr‐Ca‐Cu‐O ceramic superconductor
Authors: Zargar Shoushtari M. , Bahrami Amir , Farbod Mansoor 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn this research, the effect of silver doping on Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy ceramic superconductor has been investigated. The solid‐state reaction method and two different silver doping methods has been used, namely, doping during making processes of samples (batch 1) and doping after making Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy superconductor (batch 2). We observed that by adding silver to BPSCCO compound, partial melting temperature of the compound is decreased. The critical current density (Jc) in both batches is affected by Ag doping. The investigation of SEM images of samples has shown that the all surfaces of the samples are porous and the grains are plate like. It seems that the BPSCCO grains in batch 1 samples are coated with silver but in the samples of batch 2, the silver also sits between the BPSCCO grains. The XRD patterns studies indicated that the silver peaks form separate phase and also by adding silver to BSCCO, the BPSCCO peaks do not show considerable shift. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Design of ac susceptometer using closed cycle helium cryostat
Authors: Shahabuddin Mohammed , Alzayed Nasser Saleh 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe design of the low cost ac susceptometer using closed cycle helium cryostat (CCHC) having He gas exchange sample well is discussed. The problem of higher frequency limitation generally in CCHC has been solved. The sample temperature is varied independently, keeping the coil system at the lowest temperature achieved in the sample well of the CCHC. This increases the bridge sensitivity. The nullification of the offset voltage up to 100 nV is achieved simply sliding the secondary along the primary. The whole systems can be inserted and taken out through the gate valve of the sample well of the CCHC so that it dose not affect the other sample holders for different measurement. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation of YBa2Cu3O7/MgO surface growth
Authors: Mohammadizadeh M. R. , Safari N. , Kia M. , Savaloni H. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFor surface growth simulation of YBa2Cu3O7on MgO substrate, binding energies between each two different Y, Ba, Cu, O, and Mg atoms were calculated byab initiopseudopotential density functional theory approach. Then, simulation of YBa2Cu3O7growth was performed by a simple two dimensional model based on the ballistic aggregation of hard discs. By increasing the substrate temperature, the atomic layers distribution is more condensed and the nanometric surface roughness decreases. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Resistivity anisotropy of the Bi‐based misfit layer compounds (BiS)1.11(NbS2) and (BiSe)1.10(NbSe2) down to the liquid nitrogen temperature
Authors: Nader A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe resistivity in the transverse and parallel directions of the superconducting misfit layer compounds (BiS)1.11(NbS2) and (BiSe)1.10(NbSe2) has been measured down to the liquid nitrogen temperature. The resistivity anisotropy for these two compounds was found to increase when the temperature is lowered and its value in the temperature range of our measurement is two orders of magnitude greater than the value expected by Lawrence and Doniach model. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fear of falling more important than pain and depression for functional recovery after surgery for hip fracture in older people
Authors: OUDE VOSHAAR RICHARD C. , BANERJEE SUBE , HORAN MIKE , BALDWIN ROBERT , PENDLETON NEIL , PROCTOR REBEKAH , TARRIER NICHOLAS , WOODWARD YVONNE , BURNS ALISTAIR 
Published: July 2006

Background. Depression and cognitive functioning have a negative impact on functional recovery after hip fracture surgery in older people, and the same has been suggested for pain and fear of falling. These variables, however, have never been studied together, nor has the timing of psychiatric assessment been taken into account.Method. Two parallel, randomized controlled trials were undertaken aiming to prevent and treat depression after hip fracture surgery in older people. Multiple logistic regression analyses corrected for age and pre-morbid level of functioning were performed to evaluate the effect of depressive symptoms (15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS), pain (Wong–Baker pain scale), cognitive functioning (Mini-mental State Examination, MMSE) and fear of falling (Modified Falls Efficacy Scale, MFES) within 2 weeks after surgery and 6 weeks later on functional recovery at 6 months. Main outcome measures were performance-based measures (up-and-go test, gait test, functional reach) and the self-report Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) questionnaire to assess the impact of the hip fracture on activities of daily living (ADL).Results. Two hundred and ninety-one patients participated and outcome measures for 187 (64%) patients were available at 6 months. All mental health variables interfered with functional recovery. However, in the final multivariate model, cognitive functioning and fear of falling assessed 6 weeks after surgery consistently predicted functional recovery, whereas pain and depressive symptoms were no longer significant.Conclusion. Fear of falling and cognitive functioning may be more important than pain and depression to predict functional recovery after hip fracture surgery. Rehabilitation strategies should take this into account.
arrayQCplot: software for checking the quality of microarray data
Authors: Lee Eun-Kyung , Yi Sung-Gon , Park Taesung 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSummary: arrayQCplot is a software for the exploratory analysis of microarray data. This software focuses on quality control and generates newly developed plots for quality and reproducibility checks. It is developed using R and provides a user-friendly graphical interface for graphics and statistical analysis. Therefore, novice users will find arrayQCplot as an easy-to-use software for checking the quality of their data by a simple mouse click.Availability: arrayQCplot software is available from Bioconductor at A more detailed manual is available atContact: tspark@stats.snu.ac.kr
Variability of Blood Glucose Concentration and Short-term Mortality in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Egi Moritoki , Bellomo Rinaldo , Stachowski Edward , French Craig J. , Hart Graeme 
Published: July 2006

Background
Intensive insulin therapy may reduce mortality and morbidity in selected surgical patients. Intensive insulin therapy also reduced the SD of blood glucose concentration, an accepted measure of variability. There is no information on the possible significance of variability in glucose concentration.

Methods
The methods included extraction of blood glucose values from electronically stored biochemical databases and of data on patient's characteristics, clinical features, and outcome from electronically stored prospectively collected patient databases; calculation of SD of glucose as a marker of variability and of several indices of glucose control in each patient; and statistical assessment of the relation between these variables and intensive care unit mortality.

Results
There were 168,337 blood glucose measurements in the study cohort of 7,049 critically ill patients (4.2 hourly measurements on average). The mean +/- SD of blood glucose concentration was 1.7 +/- 1.3 mM in survivors and 2.3 +/- 1.6 mM in nonsurvivors (P < 0.001). Using multiple variable logistic regression analysis, both mean and SD of blood glucose were significantly associated with intensive care unit mortality (P < 0.001; odds ratios [per 1 mM] 1.23 and 1.27, respectively) and hospital mortality (P < 0.001 and P = 0.013; odds ratios [per 1 mM] 1.21 and 1.18, respectively).

Conclusions
The SD of glucose concentration is a significant independent predictor of intensive care unit and hospital mortality. Decreasing the variability of blood glucose concentration might be an important aspect of glucose management.
Human Opioid Receptor A118G Polymorphism Affects Intravenous Patient-controlled Analgesia Morphine Consumption after Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Chou Wen-Ying , Wang Cheng-Haung , Liu Ping-Hsin , Liu Chien-Cheng , Tseng Chia-Chih , Jawan Bruno 
Published: July 2006

Background
Animal and human studies indicate that genetics may contribute to the variability of morphine efficacy. A recent report suggested that cancer patients homozygous for the 118G allele caused by the single nucleotide polymorphism at nucleotide position 118 in the mu-opioid receptor gene require higher doses of morphine to relieve pain. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether this polymorphism contributes to the variability of morphine efficacy in women who undergo abdominal total hysterectomy.

Methods
After informed consent was obtained, 80 female patients (American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status I or II) scheduled to undergo elective total hysterectomy surgery were enrolled in this study. All patients received general anesthesia and were screened for A118G polymorphism by blood sample. Intravenous morphine patient-controlled analgesia was provided postoperatively for satisfactory analgesia. The authors recorded the morphine consumption doses and demand times. Pain at rest and side effects were measured with rating scales.

Results
Forty-three women were A118 homozygous, 19 were heterozygous, and 18 were G118 homozygous. Patients homozygous for G118 required more morphine doses (33 +/- 10 mg) to achieve adequate pain relief compared with patients homozygous for A118 (27 +/- 10 mg) in the first 24 h (P = 0.02). However, there was no statistically significant difference for morphine consumption at 48 h.

Conclusion
Genetic variation of the mu-opioid receptor may contribute to interindividual differences in postoperative morphine consumption. In the future, identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms of patients may provide information to modulate the analgesic dosage of opioid for better pain control.
Effects of Aging on Current Vocalization Threshold in Mice Measured by a Novel Nociception Assay
Authors: Finkel Julia C. , Besch Virginia G. , Hergen Adrienne , Kakareka John , Pohida Thomas , Melzer Jonathan M. , Koziol Deloris , Wesley Robert , Quezado Zenaide M. N. 
Published: July 2006

Background
Age-related changes in nociception have been extensively studied in the past decades. However, it remains unclear whether in addition to the increased incidence of chronic illness, age-related changes in nociception contribute to increased prevalence of pain in the elderly. Although a great deal of evidence suggests that nociception thresholds increase with aging, other studies yield disparate results. The aim of this investigation was to longitudinally determine the effect of aging on nociception.

Methods
The authors developed a nociception assay for mice using electrical stimuli at 2,000, 250, and 5 Hz that reportedly stimulate Abeta, Adelta, and C sensory nerve fibers, respectively. A system was designed to automate a method that elicits and detects pain-avoiding behavior in mice. Using a Latin square design, the authors measured current vocalization thresholds serially over the course of mice's life span.

Results
For 2,000-Hz (Abeta), 250-Hz (Adelta), and 5-Hz (C) electrical stimuli, current vocalization thresholds first decreases and then increases with aging following a U-shaped pattern (P < 0.001). In addition, average current vocalization thresholds at youth and senescence are significantly higher than those at middle age for the 250-Hz (Adelta) and 5-Hz (C fiber) electrical stimulus (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Using a novel and noninjurious nociception assay, the authors showed that over the life span of mice, current vocalization threshold to electrical stimuli changes in a U-shaped pattern. The findings support the notion that age-related changes in nociception are curvilinear, and to properly study and treat pain, the age of subjects should be considered.