bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial firing properties of lateral septal neurons
Authors: Takamura Yusaku , Tamura Ryoi , Zhou Tian Lu , Kobayashi Tsuneyuki , Tran Anh Hai , Eifuku Satoshi , Ono Taketoshi 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe present study describes the spatial firing properties of neurons in the lateral septum (LS). LS neuronal activity was recorded in rats as they performed a spatial navigation task in an open field. In this task, the rat acquired an intracranial self‐stimulation reward when it entered a certain place, a location that varied randomly from trial to trial. Of 193 neurons recorded in the LS, 81 showed place‐related activity. The majority of the tested neurons changed place‐related activity when spatial relations between environmental cues were altered by rotating intrafield (proximal) cues. The comparison of place activities between LS place‐related neurons recorded in the present study and hippocampal place cells recorded in our previous study, using identical behavioral and recording procedures, revealed that spatial parameters (spatial information content, coherence, and cluster size) were smaller in the LS than in the hippocampus. Of the 193 LS neurons, 86 were influenced by intracranial self‐stimulation rewards; 31 of these 86 were also place‐related. These results, together with previous anatomical and behavioral observations, suggest that the spatial information sent from the hippocampus to the LS is modulated by and interacts with signals related to reward in the LS. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism in cancer: emerging links with tumour biology
Authors: Winter Paul C 
Published: June 2006

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent complication in individuals with cancer and is considered to be a cause of substantial mortality. Epidemiological studies identify malignancy as an independent VTE risk factor and show that cancer patients are at increased risk of both initial and recurrent VTE events. The risk due to cancer is compounded by the effects of chemotherapy and other treatments. The pathogenesis of cancer‐associated VTE is complex involving multiple interactions between tumours and various components of haemostasis. The development of a systemic hypercoagulable state is considered a key pathogenetic feature and is attributed to tumour expression of tissue factor and other procoagulants, activation of vascular cells by tumour‐derived cytokines and adhesive interactions between tumour cells and host cells. An increasing body of evidence indicates that the activation of haemostasis in malignant disease contributes to tumour growth and progression by stimulation of intracellular signalling pathways. The interaction of tissue factor, thrombin and other coagulation factors with protease activated receptor (PAR) proteins expressed by tumour cells and host vascular cells leads to the induction of genes related to the processes of angiogenesis, cell survival and cell adhesion and migration. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased expression of telomere length regulating factors TRF1, TRF2 and TIN2 in patients with adult T‐cell leukemia
Authors: Bellon Marcia , Datta Abhik , Brown Megan , Pouliquen Jean‐Francois , Couppie Pierre , Kazanji Mirdad , Nicot Christophe 
Published: June 2006

AbstractHere, we report that freshly isolated unstimulated adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) cells present high telomerase activity compared to asymptomatic carriers or normal donors. In spite of this high telomerase activity, ATL cells retained shorter telomeres compared to those of uninfected cells isolated from the same patients. Because the safeguarding of telomere length is critical to the unlimited proliferation of tumor cells, we investigated the underlying mechanism for short telomere maintenance in ATL cells. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional expression of telomere‐binding proteins TRF1, TRF2, TIN2 and POT1, known to regulate telomere homeostasis and protection, were evaluated. We found that TRF1 and TRF2 are overexpressed in in vivo patient's samples from ATL but not asymptomatic carriers, while levels of POT1 expression did not specifically increase in ATL. To gain insights into the regulation of TRF genes in HTLV‐I infected cells, we investigated the expression of TIN2, a regulator of these genes, and found an increase in TIN2 expression in ATL patients. Together our results underscore the importance of telomerase and telomere length regulating factors as novel markers for ATL disease progression and as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of HTLV‐I‐associated malignancies. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polyamine depletion by ODC‐AdoMetDC antisense adenovirus impairs human colorectal cancer growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Bing , Liu Xian‐xi , Zhang Yan , Jiang Chun‐ying , Hu Hai‐yan , Gong Lei , Liu Min , Teng Qing‐shan 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackgroundPolyamine biosynthesis is controlled primarily by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S‐adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC). Polyamine concentrations are elevated in colorectal cancer. Depletion of polyamine content in colorectal cancer by chemotherapy is related to tumor regression and impaired tumorigenicity. The current study evaluates the therapeutic effects of antisense ODC and AdoMetDC sequences on colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo.MethodsAntisense ODC and AdoMetDC sequences were cloned into an adenoviral vector (Ad‐ODC‐AdoMetDCas). The human colon cancer cell lines, HT‐29 and Caco‐2, were infected with Ad‐ODC‐AdoMetDCas as well as with control vector. Viable cell counting, determination of polyamine concentrations, cell cycle analysis, and Matrigel invasion assays were performed in order to assess properties of tumor growth and invasiveness. Furthermore, the antitumor effects of Ad‐ODC‐AdoMetDCas were also evaluated in vivo in a nude mouse tumor model.ResultsOur study demonstrated that adenovirus‐mediated ODC and AdoMetDC antisense expression inhibits tumor cell growth through a blockade of the polyamine synthesis pathway. This inhibitory effect cannot be reversed by the administration of putrescine. Tumor cells were arrested at the G1 phase of the cell cycle after gene transfer and had reduced invasiveness. The adenovirus also induced tumor regression in established tumors in nude mice.ConclusionsOur study suggests that Ad‐ODC‐AdoMetDCas has antitumor activity and therapeutic potential for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of myocardial velocities obtained with magnetic resonance phase velocity mapping and tissue doppler imaging in normal subjects and patients with left ventricular dyssynchrony
Authors: Delfino Jana G. , Bhasin Mohit , Cole Robert , Eisner Robert L. , Merlino John , Leon Angel R. , Oshinski John N. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPurposeTo compare longitudinal myocardial velocity and time to peak longitudinal velocity obtained with magnetic resonance phase velocity mapping (MR‐PVM) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), and to assess the reproducibility of each method.Materials and MethodsLongitudinal myocardial velocity was measured by TDI and MR‐PVM in 10 normal volunteers and 10 patients with dyssynchrony. The reproducibility of MR‐PVM and TDI was assessed on repeated measurements in the 10 normal volunteers.ResultsMR and TDI measurements of longitudinal myocardial velocity correlated well (r = 0.86) in both normal subjects and patients with dyssynchrony. However, myocardial velocities measured with MR consistently exceeded velocities measured with TDI. MR and TDI agreed strongly in measuring the time to peak velocity (r = 0.97). The reproducibility of TDI and MR‐PVM appeared similar in measuring peak velocities (13.1% vs. 11.0%, respectively; P = NS) and time to peak velocity (9.1% vs. 5.7%, respectively; P = NS).ConclusionExcellent correlation and reproducibility were observed between MR‐PVM and TDI in measuring longitudinal myocardial velocity and time to peak velocity in both normal subjects and patients with dyssynchrony. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monitoring the therapeutic response of locally advanced breast cancer patients: Sequential in vivo proton MR spectroscopy study
Authors: Kumar Mahesh , Jagannathan N.R. , Seenu V. , Dwivedi S.N. , Julka P.K. , Rath G.K. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the use of the water‐to‐fat (W‐F) value obtained from in vivo proton (1H) MR spectroscopy (MRS) as a response indicator of cytologically confirmed patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), and to monitor the therapeutic response of such patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT)Materials and MethodsSerial 1H MR spectra were recorded both before and after the completion of chemotherapy in 33 LABC patients (with infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC)) at 1.5T. In addition, spectra from normal breast tissues of 28 healthy volunteers were recorded.ResultsMalignant breast tissues showed elevated W‐F values compared to normal breast tissues of controls. Statistically significant higher pretherapy W‐F value (P < 0.01) was observed in patients compared to controls. In patients who received NACT resulting in the reduction of the primary tumor size, the W‐F value showed a decrease that was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Analysis of the MR data further indicates that the W‐F value had no correlation with the menstrual status of the patients. A comparison of pretherapy W‐F value with pretherapy tumor volume showed a fair correlation (P = 0.05), while the posttherapy W‐F value showed no such correlation with the posttherapy tumor volume.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that simple, conventional in vivo 1H MRS is a useful technique for monitoring the therapeutic response of breast cancer patients. The observed trend in the reduction of W‐F value provides a noninvasive response indicator to monitor the clinical outcome of locally advanced breast cancer patients to NACT J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Water‐Soluble Stoichiometric Polyelectrolyte Complexes Based on Cationic Comb‐Type Copolymers
Authors: Matralis Alexios , Sotiropoulou Maria , Bokias Georgios , Staikos Georgios 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSummary: The interaction between the cationic comb‐type copolymer poly(acrylamide‐co‐MAPTAC)‐graft‐polyacrylamide, synthesized by free‐radical polymerization, and the anionic homopolymer NaPA has been investigated. Water‐soluble PECs are formed through a charge neutralization process. They adopt a compact structure, and form nanoparticles consisting of a hydrophobic PEC core and a protective hydrophilic PAM corona. By increasing the composition of the graft copolymers in neutral PAM side chains, the aggregation number and the size of the nanoparticles decrease. Moreover, increasing the ionic strength of the solution favours the dissociation of the complexes.A schematic representation of the PEC nanoparticles formed at NNaPA = 0.5.magnified imageA schematic representation of the PEC nanoparticles formed at NNaPA = 0.5.
A Novel Liquid‐Crystalline Phase in Dilute Aqueous Solutions of Methylcellulose
Authors: Yin Yimei , Nishinari Katsuyoshi , Zhang Hongbin , Funami Takahiro 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSummary: The existence of liquid‐crystalline (LC) phases in dilute methylcellulose solutions is demonstrated by exothermic peaks in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves upon heating and is evidenced by a discontinuity of the dynamic storage modulus when the concentration of methylcellulose increases. This crystalline phenomenon is further confirmed by polarized light microscopy and optical rotatory dispersion measurements. It is found that the appearance of the LC formation is related to the temperature, concentration, and molecular weight of methylcellulose.The exothermic peaks in DSC curves upon heating and cooling, and conformational transitions in ORD profiles for 2.5 g · L−1 SM4000 methylcellulose aqueous solutions.magnified imageThe exothermic peaks in DSC curves upon heating and cooling, and conformational transitions in ORD profiles for 2.5 g · L−1 SM4000 methylcellulose aqueous solutions.
Jordan's principal angles in complex vector spaces
Authors: Galántai A. , Hegedűs Cs. J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe analyse the possible recursive definitions of principal angles and vectors in complex vector spaces and give a new projector based definition. This enables us to derive important properties of the principal vectors and to generalize a result of Björck and Golub (Math. Comput. 1973; 27(123):579–594), which is the basis of today's computational procedures in real vector spaces. We discuss other angle definitions and concepts in the last section. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristic‐mixed covolume methods for advection‐dominated diffusion problems
Authors: Chen Zhangxin , Chou So‐Hsiang , Kwak Do Young 
Published: June 2006

AbstractCharacteristic‐mixed covolume methods for time‐dependent advection‐dominated diffusion problems are developed and studied. The diffusion term in these problems is discretized using covolume methods applied to the mixed formulation of the problems on quadrilaterals, and the temporal differentiation and advection terms are treated by characteristic tracking schemes. Three characteristic tracking schemes are studied in the context of mixed covolume methods: the modified method of characteristics, the modified method of characteristics with adjusted advection, and the Eulerian–Lagrangian localized adjoint method. The proposed methods preserve the conceptual and computational merits of both characteristics‐based schemes and the mixed covolume methods. Existence and uniqueness of a solution to the discrete problem arising from the methods is shown. Stability and convergence properties of these methods are also obtained; unconditionally stable results and error estimates of optimal order are established. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grafting of functionalized silica particles with poly(acrylic acid)
Authors: Heikkinen Jarkko J. , Heiskanen Juha P. , Hormi Osmo E.O. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractTwo different methods to graft silica particles with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were studied. In the first method PAA was reacted with 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole to give functionalized PAA. The resulting activated carbonyl group reacted easily with 3‐aminopropyl‐functionalized silica at low temperatures. In the second method 3‐glycidoxypropyl‐functionalized silica particles were reacted directly with PAA by using magnesium chloride as a catalyst. Different molecular weights of PAAs were used in order to investigate the effect of molecular weight on grafting yields in both methods. The grafting yields were determined with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). All products were also investigated with IR. The results showed that the yields of reactions performed at ambient temperature by using 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole‐functionalized PAA were the same as with a direct reaction of unfunctionalized PAA and 3‐aminopropyl‐functionalized silica performed at 153°C. Also in reactions between 3‐glycidoxypropyl‐functionalized silica and PAA the yields were satisfactory. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cure kinetics of a cyanate ester blended with poly(phenylene oxide)
Authors: Wu Shao Jung , Mi Fwu Long 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe cure kinetics and mechanisms of a cyanate ester and its blends with poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) were studied using differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that blending with PPO has an effect on the cure reaction. Reaction rates of the cyanate ester blends were higher in the initial stage than that of the neat cyanate ester; however, the conversion reached decreased with increasing PPO content. Experimental data, showing autocatalytic behavior, were compared with Kamal's model which includes two apparent rate constants and two reaction orders. This model apparently describes well the kinetics, but diffusion control in the vitrified state limits the reactions from going further. By introducing a diffusion factor f(α) into this model, it becomes possible to predict the cure kinetics over the whole range of conversion. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Glycolyzed PET waste and castor oil‐based polyols for two‐pack coating systems
Authors: Patel MR , Patel JV , Sinha VK 
Published: June 2006

AbstractUseful coating products may be obtained by chemical valorization (glycolysis) of post‐consumed poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) wastes. Glycolysis of PET waste was carried out using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of various molecular weights (200, 400, 600). The depolymerized oligoesters obtained were transesterified with castor oil which results in the formation of saturated hydroxyl‐functional polyester polyols. Two‐pack coating systems were formulated using these resins as base component and melamine formaldehyde resins as hardener component. Cured films were tested for their mechanical and chemical performances. The glycolysis of PET using PEG and polyester polyol formation was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the molecular weights were determined using gel permeation chromatography. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
The Chinese silicon photovoltaic industry and market: a critical review of trends and outlook
Authors: Marigo Nicoletta 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWith manufacturing capacity ranking number 5 in the world in 2005, China is rapidly emerging as an important player in the global silicon solar cell and module market. Production capacity has been growing by more than 70% per year over the last 7 years and future ambitious plans for the further expansion of the domestic production are likely to transform China in one of the largest (if not the largest) PV hubs in the world. However China's ability to fulfil its goals is challenged in the short term by a global shortage of silicon and in the medium to long term by the ability of the government to stimulate innovation and to introduce the necessary incentives to grow the domestic market significantly given that 80% of the production is currently exported to Germany and the USA.The article addresses these issues by reviewing the recent technological and market trends in the Chinese PV industry. It also explains the major domestic manufacturing strategies and indicates the possible future direction of photovoltaic power generation in China. The study is based on personal interviews conducted in China from May to July 2005 with the major players along the solar supply chain, as well as with representatives of the Chinese photovoltaic R&D sector and policy makers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of Aspergillus growth and aflatoxin production using natural maize phytochemicals under different conditions of water activity
Authors: Nesci Andrea V , Etcheverry Miriam G 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe effects of the natural phytochemicals trans‐cinnamic acid (CA) and ferulic acid (FA) alone at concentrations of 1–25 mM and in 16 combinations (M: mixtures) on growth and aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus flavus Link and A. parasiticus Speare were evaluated. Studies on growth rate and aflatoxin B1 production were carried out in vitro in relation to a water activity aw of 0.999, 0.971, 0.955 and 0.937. Overall, CA at concentrations of 10 and 20 mM and FA–CA mixtures M3 (20 + 5 mM respectively), M8 (25 + 5 mM), M9 (1 + 10 mM), M10 (10 + 10 mM), M11 (20 + 10 mM), M12 (25 + 10 mM), M13 (1 + 20 mM), M14 (10 + 20 mM), M15 (20 + 20 mM) and M16 (25 + 20 mM) were the treatments most effective at inhibiting growth of the four species assayed. All strains were much more sensitive to all natural phytochemicals tested on growth rate at aw = 0.937. CA and the FA–CA mixtures M1 (1 + 1 mM respectively), M4 (25 + 1 mM), M5 (1 + 5 mM), M6 (10 + 1 mM), M7 (20 + 1 mM), M8 (25 + 5 mM), M9 (1 + 10 mM), M10 (10 + 10 mM), M11 (20 + 10 mM), M12 (25 + 10 mM), M13 (1 + 20 mM), M14 (10 + 20 mM), M15 (20 + 20 mM) and M16 (25 + 20 mM) completely inhibited aflatoxin B1 production by all strains at aw = 0.999, 0.971, 0.955 and 0.937. Decreased aflatoxin B1 levels in comparison with the control were observed with FA at 1, 10, 20 and 25 mM with the strains RCM89, RCM108 and RCM38 at aw = 0.971, 0.955 and 0.999 respectively. The data show that CA and FA can be considered as effective fungitoxicants for A. flavus and A. parasiticus in in vitro assay. The information obtained is part of an ongoing study to determine their application at the storage level. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Learning an optimal distance metric in a linguistic vector space
Authors: Mochihashi Daichi , Kikui Genichiro , Kita Kenji 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMuch natural language processing still depends on the Euclidean distance function between the two feature vectors, but the Euclidean distance suffers from severe defects as to feature weightings and feature correlations. In this paper we propose an optimal metric distance function that can be used as an alternative to the Euclidean distance, accommodating the two problems at the same time. This metric is optimal in the sense of global quadratic minimization, and can be obtained from the clusters in the training data in a supervised fashion.We have confirmed the effect of the proposed metric by the sentence retrieval, document retrieval, and K‐means clustering of general vectorial data. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(9): 12–21, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20533
Estimation of a human planned trajectory from a measured trajectory
Authors: Oyama Takashi , Uno Yoji 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe general view of human motion is that it is realized by combining feedforward control based on a planned trajectory and feedback control for correction. Thus, in order to analyze the motion control mechanism, these two components must be separately extracted. One possible approach is to estimate the trajectory planned before performance from the realized trajectory, including the correction, as obtained by measurement. This paper proposes a method of estimating the planned trajectory from the actually measured finger trajectory in two‐point reaching motion. The following two assumptions are made in the estimation of the planned trajectory. (1) Since there is a time delay in the feedback loop, the measured trajectory immediately after the start of motion can be considered to be the planned trajectory. (2) The human planned trajectory is represented as the minimum command torque change trajectory. Based on these assumptions, the entire planned trajectory can be determined from the measured trajectory immediately after the start of the motion. Assuming that by sufficient training of the reaching motion in the state without vision, the subject can move the hand to a target with little correction, this motion is measured and the planned trajectory is estimated. The measured trajectory and the planned trajectory are very close except for the neighborhood of the target point. It is thus shown that the planned trajectory can be estimated by the method proposed in this study. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(9): 1– 11, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20536