bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voluntary Martyrdom in the Early Church
Authors: Croix G. E. M. De Ste. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Ste. Croix's published studies of the early Church advanced the thesis that volunteers for martyrdom constituted a significant element in the evidence for the persecution of Christians by Roman imperial governors. To underpin this thesis, Ste. Croix collected and analysed the evidence for volunteers in order to demonstrate the prevalence of such individuals among the wider body of martyrs, and to suggest that these enthusiasts actually contributed to the wider implementation of persecution by antagonizing Roman governors, most of whom were predisposed to be tolerant, and local populations who had clearly been able to co-exist with Christians before being disrupted by the antics of a minority of perfectionists. The largest single body of evidence concerns persecution in Palestine and was composed by the church historian Eusebius of Caesarea.
The secret history of infixes
Authors: Yu Alan C. L. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter is dedicated to elucidating the range of known infix-creating ambiguities in language. As such, it offers a diachronic typology of infixation. It shows that edge-oriented infixes ultimately originate from adpositional affixes (i.e., prefixes or suffixes). Their peripheral origins give rise to their synchronic edge-oriented profile. Ultimately, it is the preponderance of such infixes with adpositional origin that gives rise to the observed Edge-Bias Effect.
Preliminary Conclusions
Authors: Probert Philomen 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter evaluates the accentual patterns found in words with -ro-, -to-, -no-, and -lo-, particularly the role of frequency. It argues that historically these suffixes form finally accented adjectives, except for o-grade -to- nouns (type phórtos), kámatos ‘toil’, thánatos ‘death’ (linked at least accentually to phórtos, etc.), and neuter nouns with -ano-. Adjectives that become nouns may cease to be segmented synchronically with these inherently adjectival suffixes. Subsequently, the accentuation associated with these suffixes may be replaced with default recessive accentuation. The frequency effects in -ro-, -to-, and -no- nouns arise because low frequency inhibits loss of analysis, while high frequency inhibits subsequent accentual regularization. The different pattern in nouns with -lo- is related to a higher overall loss of morphological analysis even in -lo- adjectives.
Basil II and the Governance of Empire (976-1025)
Authors: Holmes Catherine 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The reign of Emperor Basil II is usually considered the high-water mark of medieval Byzantium. During Basil's reign, Byzantine political authority extended from southern Italy to the Euphrates. With the conversion of the Rus to Orthodoxy in 988, the empire's cultural influence stretched still further. Basil portrayed himself as a soldier emperor who was as implacable towards his domestic opponents as against his foreign neighbours. His brutal conquests later earned him the sobriquet ‘Bulgar-slayer’. This book considers the problems inherent in governing such a large, multi-ethnic empire; it examines the solutions that Basil adopted particularly on the Byzantine frontiers. It explains how the extant sources make unmasking the political realities of this period so difficult, and demonstrates that a convincing picture of Basil's reign only emerges once these sources are understood in their original contexts. Particular attention is paid to the impact that the Synopsis Historion (also known as the Synopsis Historiarum) of John Skylitzes, a little-studied text from the reign of Emperor Alexios Komnenos (1081-1118), has on our understanding of Basil. As the late 11th-century context in which Skylitzes operated is exposed, so the political, military, and administrative history of Basil's reign is reconstructed. Basil's Byzantium is revealed as a state where the rhetoric of imperial authority became reality through the astute manipulation of force and persuasion.
Basil II and John Skylitzes: The Historian's Career and Working Methods
Authors: Homes Catherine 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter charts the existing modern scholarship on Skylitzes, while emphasizing the degree to which his history (the Synopsis Historion) is an under-studied text. It offers a summary of Skylitzes' career during the reign of Emperor Alexios Komnenos, his working methods, and the source materials he used in compiling his historical writings. The most important implications of other scholars' arguments about Skylitzes' methods and sources materials are explored, most notably in relation to his coverage of the revolts of Bardas Skleros and Bardas Phokas, the career of the Parakoimomenos Basil Lekapenos, and the emperor's wars in Bulgaria.
Basil II and the Testimony of John Skylitzes: Contexts
Authors: Homes Catherine 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter examines John Skylitzes' Synopsis Historion within the context of the late 11th-century period when the text was composed. It draws attention to the extent to which Skylitzes' preoccupations with the Byzantine aristocracy and martial culture have parallels in other Byzantine literature of the later 11th centuries. Such also were the interests of the principal audience for whom Skylitzes wrote. However, the chapter goes beyond seeing Skylitzes' preoccupations as a mere reflection of contemporary social and cultural contexts. Instead, it argues that Skylitzes' narrative belongs to an important political context: the restoration of imperial authority during the reign of Emperor Alexios Komnenos. The chapter ends with a discussion of how these late 11th-century compositional contexts distorted any understanding of the political and social structures of the earlier periods of Byzantine history about which Skylitzes writes, including the reign of Basil II.
Pleading with Power
Authors: Walker Greg 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter examines Wyatt’s fraught, anxious Paraphrase of the Penitential Psalms, setting the text in the context of his own release from prison and the complex religious debates of the later 1530s. It suggests how the Paraphrase allows Wyatt to ventriloquize both the king’s voice before God and his own before the king in an imagined dialogue between subject and ruler, at times an abject supplication, at others a striking negotiation with power on something approaching his own terms.
Economic Fragilities in Fourth‐Century Athens
Authors: Oliver G. J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter examines the question of Athenian dependency on grain imports in the ‘classical’ 4th century. It establishes the complexities, finances, and different interests that characterized commerce. Topics covered include dependency cultures, models of dependency, quantifying dependency on imported grain, the economic realities of moving grain, ateleia&gt; — the honour given by the Athenians to significant benefactors, overseas territories, financing commerce, and Athenian economics before 322.
Encounters with the Ancient World in Nineteenth-Century Literary Culture
Authors: Hurst Isobel 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter examines the social and educational context of classical studies in the Victorian period. Men like Byron and Tennyson described reading authors such as Horace at school as a dull and pointless experience. The centrality of Latin and Greek in the schooling of upper- and middle-class men was increasingly challenged by newer disciplines such as science and English literature, but classical study remained prestigious in class terms. ‘Compulsory Greek’ was repeatedly debated in Oxford or Cambridge until the requirement was abolished after the First World War. In attempting to extend access to working men, universities provided classical lectures which middle-class women attended. Resources available to those whose education had not equipped them to read ancient texts in the original languages included translations, children's books, popular fiction, and travel.
Classical Training for the Woman Writer
Authors: Hurst Isobel 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAlthough relatively few Victorian women studied Latin and Greek, earlier female classicists such as Elizabeth Carter acted as models for aspiring scholars. The support of fathers, brothers or mentors was also crucial to women's classical learning. This chapter deals with the shift from women learning classics in the home, to formal education in girls' schools and women's colleges in the second half of the 19th century. Greek was associated with the New Woman through the figure of the Girton Girl and the classical scholar Jane Ellen Harrison, who developed a new approach to the study of Greek religion. As Latin and Greek became more accessible to women, the prestige of classical study was in decline: Vera Brittain, studying in Oxford during the First World War, remarked that it could safely be left to women because it had become an irrelevance.
Toward the Relational Reconstruction of Regional Political Economy
Authors: Whitford Josh 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter argues that American manufacturing is mired in an altogether partial transition to a more collaborative interfirm organization of production, rife with ongoing contradictions that sit uneasily with sociological literatures on network organizational forms. Many large American manufacturers are making real efforts to follow the prescriptive tenets of the collaborative new production paradigm even as their efforts are deeply constrained by the need to hedge fundamental uncertainties caused by a history of poor relationships and a lack of institutional support. This combination of mixed motives and occasional abject failure leaves a relational structure that is neither the collaborative production network that Powell calls the very building block of the 21st century firm, nor is it an atomistic world of hostile arm's-length contracting. Rather, relationships between OEMs and suppliers in American durable manufacturing are best described as a complex mix of the two, suggesting that the possibilities are considerably less bifurcated than the existing literature would have them be.
4 An Illuminating Comparison: Augustine and Ambrose on the Theology of Death
Authors: Albert Jones David 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The argument of Augustine in De civitate Dei is strikingly similar to that of Ambrose in De bono mortis. However, while Ambrose treats death as something good in itself, Augustine sees it as bad in itself. Their contrasting attitudes have practical effects on how they regard virginity, marriage, and mortification; on how each reads the letters of Paul; and on their discussions of suicide and martyrdom. Furthermore, it leads to a noticeable shift in the Christian treatment of fear of death, grief, and the care of the dead (that is, prayers said for those who have died).
8 The Number of Seat‐Winning Parties and the Largest Seat Share
Authors: Taagepera Rein 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe quantity to watch is the ‘seat product’ — the product of the assembly size and district magnitude. The number of parties represented in the assembly is approximately the fourth root of the seat product. The fractional seat share of the largest party is approximately the inverse of the eighth root of the seat product. This quantitatively predictive logical model agrees with the world averages. The results are approximate, because other factors are present.
9 Seat Shares of All Parties and the Effective Number of Parties
Authors: Taagepera Rein 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAs with Chapter 8, the ‘seat product’ is the important quantity to watch. The effective number of parties represented in the assembly is approximately the sixth root of the seat product. The average seat shares of second-largest and third-largest parties also can be calculated from the seat product. This quantitatively predictive logical model agrees with the world averages. The results are approximate, because other factors enter.
14 The Institutional Impact on Votes and Deviation from PR
Authors: Taagepera Rein 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Using nothing but the product of assembly size and district magnitude, a quantitatively predictive logical model allows us to estimate the average effective number of parties based on votes. Average deviation from proportional representation can also be estimated from this seat product, within plus or minus four percentage points. When estimating the likely effect of changes in electoral laws on the party system and deviation from PR, the past tendencies in the given country also must be taken into account.
The Dance of the Muses
Authors: David A. P. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This book develops an authentic and revolutionary musical analysis of ancient Greek poetry. It brings the interpretation of ancient verse into step with the sorts of analyses customarily enjoyed by works in all the more recent poetical and musical traditions. It departs from the abstract metrical analyses of the past in that it conceives the rhythmic and harmonic elements of poetry as integral to the whole expression, and decisive in the interpretation of its meaning. Such an analysis is now possible because of a new theory of the Greek tonic accent, set out in the third chapter, and its application to Greek poetry understood as choreia — the proper name for the art and work of ancient poets in both epic and lyric, described by Plato as a synthesis of dance rhythm and vocal harmony, in disagreement moving toward agreement. The book offers a thorough-going treatment of Homeric poetics: here some remarkable discoveries in the harmonic movement of epic verse, when combined with some neglected facts about the origin of the hexameter in a ‘dance of the Muses’, lead to essential new thinking about the genesis and the form of Homeric poetry. The book also gives a foretaste of the fruits to be harvested in lyric by a musical analysis, applying the new theory of the accent and considering concretely the role of dance in performance.
2 Postmodern Place: A Frame for Appearing
Authors: McClintock Fulkerson Mary 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter explores postmodern place as a constructive way to think about Good Samaritan UMC. Drawing upon examples of places, it explores what is distinctive about faith community as place. The goal is to show that place theory provides a frame through which the complexities of the worldly character of the faith community can appear. The categories of place, in short, are best designed to display the shape of faith as a lived situation.
Working It Out: Homemaking Practices
Authors: McClintock Fulkerson Mary 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter discusses activities that people engage in, in order to maintain and sustain the community — Good Samaritan's homemaking practices. Six activities that merit particular attention as homemaking practices are considered. Following a review of these activities, the chapter considers how these activities qualify as practices, looking especially for those that might be seen to contribute to an emergent habitus.
Good Samaritan Church: The Unity of the Place
Authors: McClintock Fulkerson Mary 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the practices of Good Samaritan UMC in an attempt to become place for all to appear. Having reviewed the prominent practices that made this place, the question now is what they have in common and how they diverge. First, a synchronic look at three dominant images articulated in the practices and wider conversations in the community, always attending to the contributions of bodily habituations. Then, for a diachronic sense of communal identity the chapter turns to the role of conflict in the community, asking how divergence over time helped define both identity and faithfulness to identity. Finally, the chapter explores the role of the larger social formation in producing this place.
Triangulated Categories
Authors: Huybrechts D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractReviewing the basic notions of additive and abelian categories, left and right adjoint functors, and Serre functors, this chapter is mainly devoted to triangulated categories. In particular, criteria are established which decide when a given functor is fully-faithful or an equivalence. This is formulated in terms of spanning classes. The last section discusses exceptional objects in triangulated categories which lead naturally to the notion of orthogonal decompositions of categories.
Derived Categories: A Quick Tour
Authors: Huybrechts D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter briefly outlines the main steps in the construction of the derived category of an arbitrary abelian category. The homotopy category of complexes is considered as an intermediate step, which is then localized with respect to quasi-isomorphisms. Left and right derived functors are explained in general, and particular examples are studied in more detail. Spectral sequences are treated in a separate section.
Derived Category and Canonical Bundle – I
Authors: Huybrechts D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter is devoted to results by Bondal and Orlov which show that for varieties with ample (anti-)canonical bundle, the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves determines the variety. Except for the case of elliptic curves, this settles completely the classification of derived categories of smooth curves. The complexity of the derived category is reflected by its group of autoequivalences. This is studied by means of ample sequences.
Derived Category and Canonical Bundle --II
Authors: Huybrechts D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBased on the work of Orlov, Kawamata, and others, this chapter shows that the (numerical) Kodaira dimension and the canonical ring are preserved under derived equivalence. The same techniques can be used to derive the invariance of Hochschild cohomology under derived equivalence. Going one step further, it is shown that the nefness of the canonical bundle is detected by the derived category. The chapter also studies the relation between derived and birational (or rather K-) equivalence. The special case of a central conjecture predicts that two birational Calabi-Yau varieties have equivalent derived categories.
Equivalence Criteria for Fourier–Mukai Transforms
Authors: Huybrechts D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCriteria must be developed to determine whether a given Fourier-Mukai transform is in fact an equivalence. Applying the techniques from Chapter 1, this chapter explains the fully faithfulness of a Fourier-Mukai transform. It addresses the question concerning the circumstances a fully faithful Fourier-Mukai transform does define an equivalence. In a separate section, varieties with torsion canonical bundle and their canonical cover are investigated.
Abelian Varieties
Authors: Huybrechts D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractHistorically, Mukai's equivalence with the Poincare bundle on the product of an abelian variety and its dual as kernel was the fist Fourier-Mukai transform. The first section in this chapter functions as a reminder of the basic facts from the rich theory of abelian varieties, and the case of principally polarized abelian varieties is studied. A general investigation of derived equivalences between abelian varieties and derived autoequivalences of a single abelian variety is included.
Early Case Grammar
Authors: Anderson John M. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter describes the rejection in early case grammar of the inflexional, autonomist view of case of the main transformational tradition, and the substitution of ‘case structures’ for ‘deep structure’ as the locus of the interface of syntax with the lexicon. Case structures are converted into ‘surface structures’ by the suppression of certain semantic relations. Subject, for instance is a neutralization of different ‘case relations’ (Fillmorean semantic relations). Choice of subject is guided by a hierarchy of the semantic relations, with agentives being the preferred subject. Proposals that such syntactic representations are best expressed in a dependency formalism are also described. Heads have adjoined or subjoined (lacking difference in linearity from their heads) dependents. It is argued that these proposals allow for the different manifestations of semantic relations and their neutralizations by inflexions, adpositions, and position (i.e., by different ‘case forms’).
The Lexical Structure and Syntax of Functors
Authors: Anderson John M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe internal strucutre and syntax of functions are investigated, including their roles as circumstantials (adjuncts) as well as participants. Circumstantials as well as participants are subject to localism. Circumstantiality includes the role of semantic relations in apposition. Particular attention is paid to appositions to incorporated categories, which play an important role in syntax. In the light of this, the status of functors in nominal structures is explored, particularly as it relates to their optionality. Amplification by various scholars of the system of semantic relations with ‘macro-roles’ is rejected. More recent attempts to dispense in the syntax with semantic relations (including appeal to the ‘universality of theta assignment hypothesis’ and to abstract syntactic solutions — ‘generative semantics’, ‘argument structure’) are examined and also rejected.
Argument-Sharing I: Raising
Authors: Anderson John M. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter argues that recognition of the notional basis for syntax is one major factor in obviating an abstract syntax with transformations and ‘empty categories’. The other is admission to syntactic structure of a very restricted kind of non-projectivity. This ‘tangling’ is mediated by the sharing of arguments by two semantic relations in a higher and a lower predication, respectively. The upper relation is a free absolutive; its predicator is not subcategorized for it. It is present in response to a syntactic requirement on verbs (prototypically relational) to have a dependent absolutive (the unmarked relation). It is realized as the expletive in It rained. But the need for an argument can also be satisfied by the subject of a lower predication, as in the ‘raising’ structure: She tends to sleep. She is both a participant in the sleeppredication and satisfies the free absolutive of tends.
Interfirm networks and the management of technology and innovation in Japan
Authors: Lincoln James R. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Keiretsu are important for understanding the openness, or otherwise, of Japan's innovation system and MOT, corporate specialization, and boundary management. This chapter draws on a series of studies which portray keiretsu ties as both a cause and a consequence of innovation. They foster organizational learning and innovation, and they grow through strategies which allow spin-offs to commercialize core-company R&D. Innovation strategies can cause the ties to strengthen (as in the case of Matsushita), or weaken or become strained (Toyota-Denso). A quantitative study finds that keiretsu ties remained influential for non-R&D activities in the 1990s, while R&D relations became more strategic and less influenced by ‘legacy relations’.