bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Risk of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Birmann Brenda M. , Giovannucci Edward , Rosner Bernard , Anderson Kenneth C. , Colditz Graham A. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Several studies have reported a positive relation of baseline body mass index (BMI) with multiple myeloma, but data on other correlates of energy balance are limited. We undertook the present analyses to further examine the role of energy balance in multiple myeloma etiology in two large prospective cohorts with biennially updated exposure data. We followed members of the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study cohorts from baseline until multiple myeloma diagnosis, death, or 2002. Adult height and current weight were reported at enrollment, and weight every 2 years thereafter. Physical activity was queried at baseline and updated every 2 to 4 years. We computed age-adjusted relative risks (RR) of multiple myeloma for categories of BMI and physical activity using Cox proportional hazards regression. We conducted analyses on each cohort separately and on both cohorts combined. We confirmed 215 incident cases of multiple myeloma in the combined cohort of 136,623 individuals (&gt;2.1 million person-years at risk). BMI was positively associated with multiple myeloma in all analyses. The association was strongest in men with a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 (versus a BMI of &lt;22.0 kg/m2; RR, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-6.0) and modest in overweight (BMI, 25-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI, ≥30 kg/m2) women [versus BMI of &lt;22.0 kg/m2; RR (95% confidence interval), 1.6 (1.0-2.7) and 1.2 (0.7-2.2), respectively]. Physical activity was not significantly related to multiple myeloma risk, although an inverse association was suggested in women. In conclusion, obesity seems to have an etiologic role in multiple myeloma, but the role of other correlates of energy balance remains uncertain. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(7):1474–8)
Allorestricted T cells with specificity for the FMNL1-derived peptide PP2 have potent antitumor activity against hematologic and other malignancies
Authors: Schuster Ingrid G. , Busch Dirk H. , Eppinger Elfriede , Kremmer Elisabeth , Milosevic Slavoljub , Hennard Christine , Kuttler Christina , Ellwart Joachim W. , Frankenberger Bernhard , Nößner Elfriede , Salat Christoph , Bogner Christian , Borkhardt Arndt , Kolb Hans-Jochem , Krackhardt Angela M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCell-based immunotherapy in settings of allogeneic stem cell transplantation or donor leukocyte infusion has curative potential, especially in hematologic malignancies. However, this approach is severely restricted due to graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). This limitation may be overcome if target antigens are molecularly defined and effector cells are specifically selected. We chose formin-related protein in leukocytes 1 (FMNL1) as a target antigen after intensive investigation of its expression profile at the mRNA and protein levels. Here, we confirm restricted expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors but also observe overexpression in different leukemias and aberrant expression in transformed cell lines derived from solid tumors. We isolated allorestricted T-cell clones expressing a single defined TCR recognizing a particular HLA-A2–presented peptide derived from FMNL1. This T-cell clone showed potent antitumor activity against lymphoma and renal cell carcinoma cell lines, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–transformed B cells, and primary tumor samples derived from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), whereas nontransformed cells with the exception of activated B cells were only marginally recognized. Allorestricted TCRs with specificity for naturally presented FMNL1-derived epitopes may represent promising reagents for the development of adoptive therapies in lymphoma and other malignant diseases.
Nearest Neighbor Networks: clustering expression data based on gene neighborhoods
Authors: Huttenhower Curtis , Flamholz Avi I , Landis Jessica N , Sahi Sauhard , Myers Chad L , Olszewski Kellen L , Hibbs Matthew A , Siemers Nathan O , Troyanskaya Olga G , Coller Hilary A 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
The availability of microarrays measuring thousands of genes simultaneously across hundreds of biological conditions represents an opportunity to understand both individual biological pathways and the integrated workings of the cell. However, translating this amount of data into biological insight remains a daunting task. An important initial step in the analysis of microarray data is clustering of genes with similar behavior. A number of classical techniques are commonly used to perform this task, particularly hierarchical and K-means clustering, and many novel approaches have been suggested recently. While these approaches are useful, they are not without drawbacks; these methods can find clusters in purely random data, and even clusters enriched for biological functions can be skewed towards a small number of processes (e.g. ribosomes).

Results
We developed Nearest Neighbor Networks (NNN), a graph-based algorithm to generate clusters of genes with similar expression profiles. This method produces clusters based on overlapping cliques within an interaction network generated from mutual nearest neighborhoods. This focus on nearest neighbors rather than on absolute distance measures allows us to capture clusters with high connectivity even when they are spatially separated, and requiring mutual nearest neighbors allows genes with no sufficiently similar partners to remain unclustered. We compared the clusters generated by NNN with those generated by eight other clustering methods. NNN was particularly successful at generating functionally coherent clusters with high precision, and these clusters generally represented a much broader selection of biological processes than those recovered by other methods.

Conclusion
The Nearest Neighbor Networks algorithm is a valuable clustering method that effectively groups genes that are likely to be functionally related. It is particularly attractive due to its simplicity, its success in the analysis of large datasets, and its ability to span a wide range of biological functions with high precision.
Biochemical pathways analysis of microarray results: regulation of myogenesis in pigs
Authors: te Pas Marinus FW , Hulsegge Ina , Coster Albart , Pool Marco H , Heuven Henri H , Janss Luc LG 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Background
Combining microarray results and biological pathway information will add insight into biological processes. Pathway information is widely available in databases through the internet.
Mammalian muscle formation has been previously studied using microarray technology in pigs because these animals are an interesting animal model for muscle formation due to selection for increased muscle mass. Results indicated regulation of the expression of genes involved in proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts, and energy metabolism. The aim of the present study was to analyse microarrays studying myogenesis in pigs. It was necessary to develop methods to search biochemical pathways databases.

Results
PERL scripts were developed that used the names of the genes on the microarray to search databases. Synonyms of gene names were added to the list by searching the Gene Ontology database. The KEGG database was searched for pathway information using this updated gene list. The KEGG database returned 88 pathways. Most genes were found in a single pathway, but others were found in up to seven pathways. Combining the pathways and the microarray information 21 pathways showed sufficient information content for further analysis. These pathways were related to regulation of several steps in myogenesis and energy metabolism. Pathways regulating myoblast proliferation and muscle fibre formation were described. Furthermore, two networks of pathways describing the formation of the myoblast cytoskeleton and regulation of the energy metabolism during myogenesis were presented.

Conclusion
Combining microarray results and pathways information available through the internet provide biological insight in how the process of porcine myogenesis is regulated.
Automated real time constant-specificity surveillance for disease outbreaks
Authors: Wieland Shannon C , Brownstein John S , Berger Bonnie , Mandl Kenneth D 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundFor real time surveillance, detection of abnormal disease patterns is based on a difference between patterns observed, and those predicted by models of historical data. The usefulness of outbreak detection strategies depends on their specificity; the false alarm rate affects the interpretation of alarms.ResultsWe evaluate the specificity of five traditional models: autoregressive, Serfling, trimmed seasonal, wavelet-based, and generalized linear. We apply each to 12 years of emergency department visits for respiratory infection syndromes at a pediatric hospital, finding that the specificity of the five models was almost always a non-constant function of the day of the week, month, and year of the study (p< 0.05). We develop an outbreak detection method, called the expectation-variance model, based on generalized additive modeling to achieve a constant specificity by accounting for not only the expected number of visits, but also the variance of the number of visits. The expectation-variance model achieves constant specificity on all three time scales, as well as earlier detection and improved sensitivity compared to traditional methods in most circumstances.ConclusionModeling the variance of visit patterns enables real-time detection with known, constant specificity at all times. With constant specificity, public health practitioners can better interpret the alarms and better evaluate the cost-effectiveness of surveillance systems.
Differential gene expression in human hematopoietic stem cells specified toward erythroid, megakaryocytic, and granulocytic lineage
Authors: Liu Xiao-Ling , Yuan Jin-Yun , Zhang Jun-Wu , Zhang Xin-Hua , Wang Rong-Xin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTo better understand the transcriptional program that accompanies orderly lineage-specific hematopoietic differentiation, we analyzed expression changes during the lineage-specific differentiation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC; CD34+/CD38–/CD33–); HSC and multipotent myeloid progenitors (MMP; CD34+/CD38–/CD33+) were isolated from the bone marrow of healthy individuals by MACS. CD34+ cells in semi-solid culture were stimulated with the cytokines erythropoietin, IL-6, and G-CSF to promote differentiation to committed erythroid, megakaryocytic, and granulocytic clones, respectively. Differential display RT-PCR analysis was performed to compare the mRNA transcripts in HSC, MMP, and the committed lineage-specific clones derived from these committed lineage-specific progenitors. Expressed sequence tags (n=256), which were differentially expressed, were identified. One hundred ninety-four were homologous to known genes, and some were associated with hematopoiesis. These known genes were classified as involved in transcription/translation, signal transduction, cell surface receptors/ligands, cell signaling, cell metabolism, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and oncogenesis. We identified genes, which were up- or down-regulated specifically in the lineage-committed clones compared with HSC or/and MMP, suggesting that specific gene activation and repression might be necessary for specific lineage commitment and differentiation. Our data provide an extensive transcriptional profile of human hematopoiesis during in vitro, lineage-specific differentiation.
Assessment by audiotympanometric testing: Three case reports
Authors: Neff Palmer A. , Cantrell Robert W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTympanometric measurements are versatile and accurate when more than one type of ear disease is present. Three cases are presented where information from tympanometry beyond that derived from otological and routine audiological testing yielded accurate diagnoses.A patient with a history of middle‐ear disease presented with a sen‐sori‐neural loss. Measures of static conductance correctly identified the problem as stiffness of the ossicular chain. An infant with unilateral congenital atresia and questionable hearing in her normal‐appearing ear was determined to have serous otitis media by tympanometry and reflex testing. The course of the disease was monitored and reversed. A 17‐year‐old female suffered a basal skull fracture with a sudden conductive hearing loss. Low conductance and high impedance correctly identified loss of mobility of the ossicular chain which was confirmed surgically.These three cases illustrate the advantages of tympanometry in making rapid, accurate, objective measurements involving complex diagnoses of middle‐ear function.
Experimental frontal sinus obliteration: Long‐term results following removal of the mucous membrane lining
Authors: Abramson Allan L. , Eason Robert L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this long‐term experimental investigation, the ultimate fate of the canine frontal sinus cavity was studied after the mucous membrane lining was removed. The frontal sinus cavity was completely obliterated with dense spongy bone if epithelial regeneration did not occur.
Sequenced scintigraphy: A morphological and functional study of the salivary glands
Authors: Fiori‐Ratti Leopoldo , De Campora E. , Senin U. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe use of scintigraphy in sequenced registration shows that there are three fundamental stages in the intraglandular turnover of the radio‐nuclide: 1. At very early stage (between 3 min. and 15 min.), the major salivary glands could be clearly distinguished; 2. At the stage immediately following (between 20 min. and 35 min.), both the parotid and submaxillary glands were already less well defined; while in the mouth projection zone, quite intense radioactivity, connected with a progressive accumulation of the radionuclide in the minor salivary glands, was seen; 3. Within an hour after injection, maximum captation took place in the minor salivary glands, while both the parotid and the submaxillary glands were hardly distinct.These three stages are strictly related to the three phases of behavior of the radionuclide in each salivary gland: arrival, accumulation, dismissal. Then, each documented variation from the normal pattern will indicate a determined functional anomaly related to defined disease of the salivary glands.The sequenced scintigraphy offers a functional study of the salivary glands from which it is possible to obtain many elements of practical clinical utility.
Nasal gliomas. A review and report of two cases
Authors: Karma P. , Räsänen O. , Kärjä J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNasal gliomas are rare, benign, congenital tumors which are thought to be the result of an error in embryonic development. They have the same type of origin as encephaloceles but the meningeal continuity has closed, resulting in “vestigial encephaloceles.” They are found in both sexes with a slight male predominance. They are 60% extranasal and 30% intranasal. The rest are mainly combined defects. In 20% of the cases there is a mainly fibrous connection to the intracranial space. Clinically they are firm, noncompressible, nonpulsatile, gray or purple tumors obstructing the nasal cavity intranasally and causing nasal deformity extranasally. Histologically they are composed of astrocytic neuroglial cells interlaced with fibrous and vascular connective tissue covered by skin or nasal respiratory mucosa.Surgical extirpation of the extracranial portion of the tumor is the treatment of choice. If in differential diagnosis there is a firm suspicion of encephalocele, neurosurgical exploration of the anterior cranial fossa must be done first. Any preoperative biopsies or any partial nasal interventions must be abandoned.Here we review the 69 cases since the tabulation of Walker and Resler in 1963, and two cases of our own are added.
Recording projection of nasal landmarks in rhinoplasty
Authors: Webstek Richard C. , Davidson Terence M. , Rubin Frank F. , Smith Richard C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBecause of difficulties in making accurate measurements from before and after photographs, we have devised measuring techniques not dependent upon exact reduplication of photographic circumstances before, during, and after surgery. Measuring devices contacting the head of the patient in specified ways are described. They allow simple and exact reduplication so that measurements made at different times can be compared. Lengths of nose and of columella and actual projection of brow, naso‐frontal angle, rhinion, supratip region, the tip itself, and of the columella‐labial junction can be measured. Tip rotation, cephalic or caudal, can be determined and quantitated. The devices and techniques for using them are described.We believe that employment of the suggested measuring techniques will allow better reporting of rhinoplastic methods and results and should significantly increase our understanding of this complex surgical procedure.
Status of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy: 1977
Authors: Bluestone Charles D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, performed either in combination or separately, still constitute the most common major operations performed in the United States. This report is an attempt to present briefly the current status of knowledge concerning the epidemiology and natural history of conditions for which these operations are performed, the incidence of the operations, and the type and qualifications of the physicians performing the procedures, a review of the problems of the previous studies designed to determine efficacy, an update of the current study being conducted in Pittsburgh, and, finally, what little is known of the morbidity, mortality, and costs of these procedures.
Use of computerized axial tomography of the head and neck region
Authors: Gould Leo V. , Cummings Charles W. , Rabuzzi Daniel D. , Reed George F. , Chung Chung T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe use of the computerized axial tomography has been well received in the field of otolaryngology. Five cases are presented illustrating the capability of the total body scanner (Delta scanner) to contribute to radiologie diagnosis below the level of the base of the skull. The advantages of non‐invasibility and three dimensionality are compared to the disadvantages of added cost, added radiation exposure, comparatively long exposure time and relatively poor detail.Because of the overall usefulness of this diagnostic tool, evolution of rapid scanning devices with greater detail is awaited with interest.
Results of conservative surgery for middle ear cholesteatoma
Authors: Abramson Maxwell , Lachenbruch Peter A. , Press Barry H. J. , Mccabe Brian F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA retrospective study was carried out to analyze treatment results for cholesteatoma at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. All patients undergoing primary surgical treatment from January 1, 1969 to December 31, 1973 were followed through October 1976. Treatment failures were based on the occurrence of postoperative cholesteatoma. The probability of being disease free for periods up to five years after original surgery was then estimated for each type of operation.Postoperative cholesteatoma occurred after atticotomy in 17%, intact canal wall mastoidectomy in 35%, and modified radical mastoidectomy in 9%. The postoperative cholesteatoma rate in the group having intact canal wall mastoidectomy was more than twice as high for those patients under age nine. The likelihood of being disease free five years after intact canal wall surgery was estimated to be 36% using the life table method.Disease recurrence was significantly higher after intact canal wall surgery compared to other surgical methods. The effectiveness of this method should be evaluated in a randomized, prospective manner to minimize patient selection and treatment bias.
Otoplasty‐an eclectic technique
Authors: Maniglia Anthony J. , Maniglia John J. , Witten Bruce R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe authors report their experience in the surgical treatment of 78 patients with lop, prominent, or protruding ears. Four patients had a unilateral deformity. The procedure used in 110 ears consisted of a cartilage excision‐incision and horizontal mattress suture technique. In 42 ears, horizontal mattress sutures only, with or without scoring of cartilage, were used. The complications and unsatisfactory cosmetic results are reported. No major complications such as perichondritis, severe infection or unsightly postoperative deformities occurred. In conclusion, 94.7% of all cases had a good cosmetic result. The techniques are easy to learn and very useful in training residents.
The risks of major head and neck surgery in the aged population
Authors: Fred Mcguirt W. , Loevy Sarn , Mccabe Brian F. , Krause Charles J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA review of 162 major head and neck operative cases for cancer in patients over age 70 from 1963‐1973 are reviewed. The major and minor surgical complication rates and the rate of medical complications are compared to 552 similar procedures in patients under age 70, during the same time period. The operative mortality figures for each group, as well as the causes of death, are examined. A plea is made for aggressive therapy in the elderly, both in the surgical planning and in their pre‐ and postoperative care.
An analysis of mastoid cholesteatomas
Authors: Karma P. , Palva A. , Kärjä J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFifty‐five extensive mastoid cholesteatomas filling all the air cell system were found in our material of 2,192 operated‐on chronic ears. They concentrated in younger age groups than ordinary cholesteatomas, although they could also be seen in older people. In the group, 95% of them had attic or posterosuperior perforation. In one‐fourth of the cases the tympanum was also epidermized. The main bacteria were Proteus strains, Staphylococcus aureus/epidermidis, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Preoperatively, cholesteatoma could always be diagnosed but its mastoid type could be predicted only in a minority (13%) of cases. Roentgenology proved an unreliable means for revealing cholesteatoma.The extent of the mastoid air cell system varied from extensive to small depending only on the patient's age, with a correlation of smaller size to higher age. Of the ears studied, 16% were complicated and all belonged to the adult group.The growth characteristics of these extensive cholesteatomas are basically the same as in other cholesteatomas, the only difference being that, due to especially favorable environmental conditions at present unknown, the epidermosis takes the form of a more aggressive and active spreading in soft connective tissue. The effect on bone is lytic and relatively slow, passive.The operation, which must aim at the complete eradication of the cho‐lesteatomatous process, did not essentially improve the hearing. On the other hand, only two ears drained postoperatively and only one had to be reoperated on, revealing residual cholesteatoma tympanally. Thus, this material with most difficult and dangerous middle ear cleft pathology, gave conclusive proof that the obliterative operation technique was safe and appropriate regardless of the quality and extent of the process.