bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culturing adult human bone marrow stem cells on gelatin scaffold with pNIPAAm as transplanted grafts for skin regeneration
Authors: Perng Cherng‐Kang , Kao Chung‐Lan , Yang Yi‐Ping , Lin Han‐Tso , Lin Wen‐Bin , Chu Yue‐Ru , Wang Hsiao‐Jung , Ma Hsu , Ku Hung‐Hai , Chiou Shih‐Hwa 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSkin tissue engineering is a possible solution for the treatment of extensive skin defect. The ultimate goal of skin tissue engineering is to restore the complete functions of native skin, but until now the structures and functions of skins are only partially restored. By negative immunoselection (CD45 and glycophorin A), we isolated and cultivated adult human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) that are of multilineage differentiation potential. In this study, we first demonstrated that by using gelatin/thermo‐sensitive poly N‐isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAAm) and the immunocompromised mice model, the hBMSCs possess the differentiation potential of epidermis and the capability of healing skin wounds. The in vitro observations and the results of the scanning electron microscope showed that the hBMSCs can attach and proliferate in the gelatin/thermo‐sensitive pNIPAAm. To further monitor the in vivo growth effect of the hBMSCs in the skin‐defected nude mice, the green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene was transduced into the hBMSCs by the murine stem cell viral vector. The results showed that the rates of cell growth and wound recovery in the hBMSC‐treated group were significantly higher than those in the control group, which was only treated with the gelatin/pNIPAAm (p < 0.01). More importantly, the re‐epithelialization markers of human pan‐cytokeratin and E‐cadherin were significantly increased on day 7, day 14, and day 21 after the hBMSC‐scaffold with the pNIPAAM in the mice with skin defects (p < 0.05). Moreover, the stem cell markers of human CD13 and CD105 were gradually decreased during the period of wound healing. In sum, this novel method provides a transferring system for cell therapies and maintains its temperature‐sensitive property of easy‐peeling by lower‐temperature treatment. In addition, the in vitro and in vivo GFP imaging systems provide a new imaging modality for understanding the differentiation process and the effective expression of stem cells in wound healing. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Characterization and in vitro evaluation of biphasic calcium pyrophosphate–tricalciumphosphate radio frequency magnetron sputter coatings
Authors: Takahashi K. , van den Beucken J.J.J.P. , Wolke J.G.C. , Hayakawa T. , Nishiyama N. , Jansen J.A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to characterize the physicochemical, dissolution, and osteogenic properties of radio frequency magnetron sputtered dicalcium pyrophosphate/tricalciumphosphate (Pyro/TCP) and hydroxylapatite (HA) coatings. Therefore Pyro/TCP and HA coatings were deposited on grit‐blasted titanium discs. The results showed that the deposited coatings were amorphous and changed into a crystalline structure after IR heat‐treatment of 550°C for HA and 650°C for Pyro/TCP. Heat‐treated HA coatings appeared to be stable during immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), that is no changes in the XRD pattern were observed. Also, no dissolution of the coating was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed that the Ca/P ratio of the HA coatings remained constant during SBF immersion. On the other hand, the heat‐treated Pyro/TCP coatings showed a surface reaction of calcium pyrophosphate into a β‐tricalcium phosphate phase during SBF immersion. This was confirmed by EDS analysis. Rat bone marrow‐derived osteoblast‐like cells cultured on the heat‐treated substrates showed that cell proliferation and differentiation occurred on both types of bioceramic coatings. No significant differences for proliferation and early differentiation were observed between cells cultured on heat‐treated Pyro/TCP and HA at individual time points. However, osteocalcin expression, a late marker for osteoblast‐like cell differentiation, was significantly increased after 12 days of culture on HA‐coatings. These results were confirmed by SEM observations and suggest increased osteogenic properties for HA‐coatings over Pyro/TCP‐coatings. Additional research is necessary to obtain conclusive evidence on the in vivo osteogenic capacity of Pyro/TCP coatings. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Group reorientation and migration of amphiphilic polymer bearing phosphorylcholine functionalities on surface of cellular membrane mimicking coating
Authors: Yang Shan , Zhang Shi‐Ping , Winnik Françoise M. , Mwale Fackson , Gong Yong‐Kuan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAmphiphilic polymers bearing phosphorylcholine (PC) groups can form films of interfacial structure similar to that of the outer membrane of living cells. The films, as prepared, present PC groups to the external aqueous environment and exhibit good biocompatibility. However, under certain conditions, the surface structure can change irreversibly due to the reorientation and deep migration of the surface groups. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), dynamic contact angle measurements, and cell culture experiments were used to investigate the reorientation and migration of the surface groups of an amphiphilic PC‐polymer coating. When the polymer surface is immersed into or drawn out of water, significant reorientation and group migration occurs, as suggested by the large difference between the advancing and receding contact angles. Angle‐resolved XPS measurements indicate that the hydrophobic groups move to the air/film interface while the hydrophilic groups migrate towards the bulk of the polymer coating. Long periods of aging may result in irreversible changes of the surface structure and decrease the biocompatibility of the materials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Characterization of hydrogels prepared from copolymerization of the different degrees of methacrylate‐grafted chondroitin sulfate macromers and acrylic acid
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Fung , Tsai Hung‐Yu , Peng Yu‐Shiang , Wang Li‐Fang , Chen Jenn‐Shing , Lu Shui Chun 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDifferent degrees (between 20 and 75%) of methacrylate‐grafted chondroitin sulfate (CS‐MA) were synthesized. These CS‐MA macromers were further copolymerized with acrylic acid (AA) at the molar ratio of 1 to 5 to form hydrogels. The sol percents of these CS‐MA‐AA hydrogels decreased and the cross‐linking densities were studied with respect to the degrees of MA substitution onto CS‐MA. The cytotoxicity with the increase in degree of MA substitution (DS) onto CS‐MA as well as their hydrogels prepared from the corresponding macromers was tested using 293T cells. The cell viability of human dermal fibroblast and mescenchymal stem cells was further tested upon exposure to 75% CS‐MA for 1‐, 3‐, and 7‐day incubation period. The hydrogels maintained degradability for long periods of time as evidenced by SEM. A model protein, BSA, demonstrated the prolong‐release behaviors of these hydrogels in simulated gastric fluids and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solutions and a faster release rate in the presence of chondroitinase and esterase at pH 7.4. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
A model of strategy decision making
Authors: Greenley Gordon E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThere is still a lack of agreement on how future strategies should be formulated in companies. In this article, a simple model is given, which explains a range of five fundamental decisions that need to be addressed when formulating strategies within a company. The focus is on the nature of strategy decisions, with the aim of alleviating some of the confusion surrounding the formulation of strategy.
A multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing tension‐free vaginal tape surgery and no treatment for the management of stress urinary incontinence in elderly women
Authors: Campeau L. , Tu L.M. , Lemieux M.C. , Naud A. , Karsenty G. , Schick E. , Corcos J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAimsThe aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that elderly women undergoing tension‐free vaginal tape surgery (TVT) will have a better quality of life (QOL) and satisfaction compared to non‐treated women despite age‐ and technique‐related potential morbidity.MethodsThis multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial enrolled a total of 69 women aged over 70 years who initially consented to be randomized to either undergo immediate TVT surgery or to wait for 6 months before submitting to the same surgery (control group). The main outcomes measured at every visit (pre‐randomization, 8–12 weeks and 6 months) consisted of the Incontinence‐Quality of Life (I‐QOL) Questionnaire, the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Urinary Problems Self‐assessment Questionnaire, among others.ResultsThe analysis included 31 patients in the immediate surgery group and 27 subjects in the control group. Peri‐operative complications in the immediate surgery group were bladder perforation (22.6%), urinary retention (12.9%), urinary tract infection (3.2%) and de novo urgency (3.2%). At 6 months, the mean I‐QOL scores for the TVT and control groups were respectively 96.5 ± 15.5 and 61.6 ± 19.8 (P < 0.0001); mean Patient Satisfaction scores were respectively 8.0 ± 2.7 and 2.0 ± 2.4 (P < 0.0001); and mean Urinary Problems scores were respectively 4.5 ± 4.3 and 11.6 ± 3.5 (P < 0.0001).ConclusionAt 6 months post‐randomization, the group of elderly women who underwent immediate TVT surgery showed a significant improvement in QOL, patient satisfaction and less urinary problems compared to the group of women waiting for the same surgery. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:990–994, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nanoscience and nanotechnology – driving research and applications
Authors: Correia A. , Pérez M. , Sáenz J. J. , Serena P. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNanoscience and nanotechnology represent scientific‐technical areas that in less than twenty years have gone from being in the hands of a small group of researchers who glimpsed their great potential, to constitute one of the recognized pillars of scientific progress for the next decades. This paper illustrates how the irruption of the nanotechnologies will directly affect human beings by substantially improving diagnosis and treatment of diseases as well as our capacities to interact with our surroundings. Governments around the world have realized the important role that nanotechnology deserves, and during the last decade budgets allocated to research and development in nanotechnology have continuously increased. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the support of voice call continuity across UMTS and wireless LANs
Authors: Salkintzis Apostolis K. , Passas Nikos , Skyrianoglou Dimitris 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we address the architecture and the procedures that can enable voice call handover from UMTS to WLAN and we also study how efficiently the WLAN can support the voice calls transferred from UMTS. Our study is based on a practical simulation model that lets us quantify the maximum number of voice calls that can be handed over from UMTS to WLAN, subject to maintaining the same level of UMTS QoS and respecting some WLAN policies. In addition, several other voice call performance metrics are derived. Our results indicate that an IEEE 802.11e access point can support a limited number of voice calls handed over from UMTS, which depends primarily on the applied WLAN bandwidth sharing policy (i.e., how the bandwidth is shared between WLAN voice and data users) and the QoS requirements. The performance of the WLAN scheduling algorithm is also of paramount importance and in our study we consider the so‐called ARROW scheduler. Although the simulation results are derived for a specific bandwidth sharing policy, they can readily be scaled and provide practical upper bounds for the number of UMTS voice calls that can be seamlessly admitted to a WLAN access point. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spaced spiral weave metallic cloth as a column packing material for stripping soybean oil
Authors: Arnold Lionel K. , Ingebo Robert D. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryA study of the effect of liquid distribution on the performance of a packed column resulted in the development of a distributor head for feeding which not only improved the distribution but decreased the steam consumption by about 20% and increased the column capacity by about 30% when stripping soybean oil‐trichloroethylene miscella from 20% to 0.02% residual solvent. Liquid distribution: studies with rolled packing units composed of 10‐mesh reinforced spiral weave stainless steel cloth with 1/2‐inch Berl saddles as spacers between turns showed that these units maintained a very uniform distribution of liquid down the stripping column. A column 8 inches in diameter with packing units having a total height of 78 inches had a capacity, when operated with the distributor head on 20% soybean oil‐trichloroethylene miscella, for stripping 229 pounds of soybean oil per hour to a residual solvent content of 0.02%, using 0.20 pound of steam per pound of oil.
The effect of trichloroethylene in the hydrogenation of soybean and cottonseed oils
Authors: Norris F. A. , Mattil K. F. , Lehmann W. J. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryIt has been found that at concentrations greater than. 003% trichloroethylene retards the rate of hydrogenation of vegetable oils without any apparent effect upon selectivity of hydrogenation. However it is not an irreversible catalyst poison, and oils containing relatively large amounts of trichloroethylene have been successfully hydrogenated in the laboratory and pilot plant.In those cases where the concentration in the refined oil was sufficient to inhibit the rate of hydrogenation, it was possible to increase the rate considerably by means of additional purging of the converter, addition of extra quantities of catalyst, or the addition of normal quantities of catalyst in divided portions. These are considered to be emergency measures inasmuch as it is believed that efficiently operated solvent extraction plants should produce stripped oils which, after refining, can be hydrogenated under normal conditions without difficulty.It has been demonstrated that each of the three most common methods of refining crude oils. greatly reduces the concentration of trichloroethylene in the oils so that crudes containing excessive amounts of added trichloroethylene hardened with little or no difficulty after being refined by any one of the three methods. DIRECT SUPPORT A03O2061 00003
Comparative value of fatty acids and resin acids of tall oil in soaps
Authors: Snell Foster Dee , Reich Irving 
Published: July 2007

SummaryA study has been made of the detergency and foaming power of soaps made from a typical acid‐refined American tall oil. Sodium soap of tall oil, straight tall oil fatty‐acid soap, and straight tall oil resin‐acid soap were evaluated. The effect of fatty acid‐resin acid ratio was determined by using mixtures of those soaps. Sodium rosinate, sodium oleate, and mixtures of these soaps were used as comparison standards. Curves plotted show wash‐test data and foaming values as functions of the ratio of fatty soap to resin soap.The data indicate in terms of detergency: a) tall oil soap has a higher value than sodium rosinate; b) sodium oleate is better than tall oil fatty‐acid soap, but the latter is approximately equivalent to soaps from various unsaturated vegetable oils; c) both tall oil resin‐acid soap and rosin soap have low detergency on cotton; d) the detergency of most mixtures of tall oil fatty‐acid and resin‐acid soaps at lower concentrations is greater than would be predicted from the individual soaps, indicating a synergistic effect.As a rough approximation, tall oil soap without unsaponifiables is equivalent to a corresponding mixture of sodium oleate and sodium rosinate. The presence of unsaponifiables lowers both detergency and foaming. Tall oil soap is somewhat less sensitive to hard water than sodium oleate.Significant differences between detergencies of soaps, and especially between soap mixtures, are obscured when launderometer tests are run at moderate soap concentrations. These differences are readily detected at lower concentrations.
Mixtures of soap and a commercial alkyl aryl sulfonate
Authors: Flett L. H. , Morgan O. M. , Hoyt L. F. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThis middle ground between the soaps and synthetics has not been actively exploited in spite of the intense current interest in the straight products. It has been a no man's land where the manufacturers of synthetic detergents have carefully avoided soap, which they regard as outside of their field, while many manufacturers of soap have been indifferent to the effect of the synthetic detergents.In spite of this general indifference work has been done on both sides of the fence with a continually increasing use of the mixtures. Where mixtures have been ready‐made, the soap manufacturers have been largely responsible for their manufacture.Commercial mixtures of soaps and synthetics have been sold where synthetic detergents have been found to improve soap for specific uses. This trend is certain to expand. The present success should encourage further research and development commensurate with the increasing commercial importance of the products.
Factors influencing phospholipid adsorption on silica from soybean oil miscella
Authors: Brown Helen G. , Snyder H. E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPhospholipids can be removed from crude soybean oil miscellas by adsorption on silica. The adsorption is not complete even though the silica has not been saturated. Micelle formation and calcium salts of phospholipids were ruled out as causes for the incomplete adsorption pattern, and competition for adsorption sites by triglyceride was judged to be the likely cause.
Determination of the total glucosinolate content in canola by reaction with thymol and sulfuric acid
Authors: DeClercq D. R. , Daun J. K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIntact glucosinolates in seeds and meals of rapeseed and canola were isolated and purified on small DEA ion‐exchange columns. After being eluted with potassium sulfate the glucosinolates were hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid to produce thioglucose which was determined as a complex with thymol. The method was compared to a gas liquid chromatography (GLC) procedure which determines aliphatic glucosinolates. The extra amount of glucosnilates found (ca. 14]gmmol/g oil‐free) was equal to the sum of those not determined by GLC. The thymol method had a standard error of ±3 µmol/g compared with a standard error of ±1 µmol/g for the GLC procedure for the same set of 18 samples ranging from 10 µmol/g to 100 µmol/g (oil‐free, 8.5% moisture basis) of aliphatic glucosinolates.
Sodium dialkyl phosphates: Surfactant properties and use in heavy duty detergents
Authors: Cooper R. S. , Urfer A. D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA study of the physical and surface active properties of the sodium salts of dialkyl phosphates has been made. These compounds have been evaluated for use as surfactants in built detergents and their performance has been compared with commercial surfactants.The dialkyl hydrogen phosphates contained from 16舑26 carbon atoms per molecule and were prepared from both straight chain alcohols and commercially available branched chain alcohols.In general, the surface active properties of the branched chain compounds are better than their corresponding straight chain compounds. Good detergency performance is obtained when the number of carbon atoms per molecule is between 17 and 23. Optimum performance is obtained with the symmetrical didecyl hydrogen phosphate salts made from commercial decyl alcohol produced by the oxo‐process.
The endosperm lipids of three Canadian wheats
Authors: McKillican Mary E. , Sims R. P. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFlour samples were prepared from intact and degermed kernels of Hard Red Spring, Soft White Spring, and Amber Durum wheats. The 舠free舡 (hexane soluble) and 舠bound舡 (hexane resistant, water‐saturatedn‐butanol extractable) lipids were extracted from the six flours and separated quantitatively by silicic acid column chromatography. Thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) was used to monitor the column and to resolve the lipid classes into components. Gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC) was used to obtain the fatty acid composition of the triglyceride, sterol ester, and phospholipid fractions, and also to determine the nature of the sterol components of the unesterified sterol and sterol ester classes.Similar patterns of lipid classes were shown by all three varieties; the differences were in the degree of dominance. In fatty acid composition some varietal differences were found but the greatest difference was between lipid classes.
Autoxidation of fatty materials in emulsion. II. Factors affecting the histidine‐catalyzed autoxidation of emulsified methyl linoleate
Authors: Coleman J. E. , Hampson J. W. , Saunders D. H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSeveral factors which affect autoxidation of methyl linoleate in emulsion have been examined. Data are presented which indicate: 1) In the presence of histidine, the ionic (anionic) emulsifiers examined promote autoxidation of emulsified methyl linoleate, but nonionic emulsifiers do not. 2) The concentration of an emulsifier affects the rate of oxygen absorption. 3) Inorganic salts (0.1 M or less) such as sodium chloride, sodium acetate and sodium sulfate affect oxygen absorption of emulsified methyl linoleate prepared with either ionic or nonionic emulsifiers. In histidine‐catalyzed autoxidation there is a suppressing effect in the case of the ionic and a promotional effect in the case of the nonionic. In uncatalyzed autoxidation, these salts have a promotional effect in ionic emulsions and none in nonionic emulsions. 4) Sodium phosphate buffers completely suppress autoxidation due to histidine catalysis, but do not suppress the normal uncatalyzed autoxidation of emulsified methyl linoleate. 5) The pro‐oxidative effects of histidine and histidine‐metal ion complexes on emulsified unsaturated materials is not limited to polyolefins but also includes mono‐olefinic compounds.
Quantitative analysis of lipids by thin‐layer chromatography
Authors: Blank M. L. , Schmit J. A. , Privett O. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA procedure is described for the quantitative analysis of neutral and phospholipids by thinlayer chromatography (TLC) employing densitometry. The chromatophates are prepared with the usual solvent systems. The spots are charred under standard conditions and analyzed with a Photovolt Corp. densitometer equipped with a special stage designed for holding 20ȕ20 cm chromatoplates. Each spot on the chromatoplate gives a peak of density values which is used for quantitative analysis.Radioactive lipids are analyzed by autoradiography by the densitometry of radiograms of chromatoplates developed from X‐ray films.The precision of the method is demonstrated on model mixtures of mono, di‐and triglycerides, neural and phospholipids and C14 labeled lipids.Results of the analysis of several samples of rat liver lipids compared closely to those obtained by silicic acid column chromatography.